bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İbn Sînâ Metafiziğinde Nefs-Beden Düalizmi Üzerine Bir Zihin Felsefesi Değerlendirmesi
Authors: Doğan Mehtap
Published: June 2018

İlk Çağ’dan beri filozofların temel problemlerinden olan nefsin varlığı, mahiyeti, ölümsüzlüğü
ve bedenle ilişkisi konuları, İbn Sînâ metafiziğinin de ontoloji ve epistemoloji arasında köprü
görevi gören önemli tartışmalarındandır. İbn Sînâ’nın nefs anlayışı hem Platon hem de Aristoteles
felsefeleriyle benzerlikler taşısa da birçok yönüyle ikisini de aşan konumdadır. Ruh-beden problemi
denildiğinde akla gelen ilk isim olan Descartes’tan çok önce, İbn Sînâ’nın da nefs-beden problematiğini
sistematik bir yaklaşımla göz önüne serişi takdire şayandır. Bu amaçla, bu çalışma öncelikli olarak
İbn Sînâ’nın nefs teorisini nefsin tanımı, özü, işlevi ve önemi bağlamında değerlendirmeye alacak,
daha sonra bu teorinin izlerini modern zihin felsefesi tartışmalarında arayacaktır. Özellikle, İbn
Sînâ ve Descartes felsefeleri nefs-beden ilişkisi huşunda karşılaştırılacak, güçlü ve zayıf yönleri
tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. İbn Sînâ’nın uçan adam istiaresi ile ortaya koyduğu nefsin bedenden
ayrı bir töz olduğu fikri ile Descartes’in ruh-beden düalizminin örtüştükleri ve ayrıştıkları
meselelerden yola çıkarak, İbn Sînâ’nın nefs teorisi modern zihin felsefesi içinde konumlandırılmaya
çalışılacaktır.
Şeyh Şâmilʼin Yazdırdığı ve Kendisine Gönderilen Mektuplar
Authors: Abdullayev Kamran
Published: June 2018

XIX. asır Kafkasya’sının
en önemli şahsiyetlerinden
birisi Şeyh Şâmil’dir. Yaklaşık
otuz yıl boyunca Ruslara
karşı mücadele
eden Şeyh Şâmil ile
Osmanlı Devleti, Rus generalleri ve kendi nâibleri arasında çok sayıda
yazışmalar yapılmıştır. Sayısı üç yüz civarında olduğu tahmin edilen bu
mektuplardan sadece yüz tanesi Türkçe yayımlanmıştır. Bu çalışma haricinde Şeyh Şâmil’in
orijinal mektupları hakkında Türkçe herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Mektupların
orijinal dili Arapça olmasına rağmen, bu konuda
Arapça olarak bir makale haricinde başka çalışma tespit edilemedi. Bu makalede
Şeyh Şâmil’in farklı kişilere gönderdiği sekiz, Rus generallere gönderdiği dört
ve Şeyh Şâmil’in kendisine gönderilmiş iki, toplamda on dört mektuba yer
verilmiştir. Makalenin giriş kısmında Kafkasya’da mektûbât geleneğine ve bu alanda yapılmış bazı
çalışmalara kısaca değinilmiş, daha sonra Şeyh Şâmil’in mektupları hakkında
bilgi verilmiştir. Mektupların transkripsiyon ve tercümeleriyle beraber,
mektuplarda geçen bölge ve şahıs isimleri de imkan nisbetinde açıklanmaya
çalışılmıştır.
Terzi Baba’nın “Kenzü’l-Miftâh” Adlı Eserinde Bazı Tasavvufî Kavramlara Yaklaşımı
Authors: Çetin Nuran
Published: June 2018

Muhammed Vehbî meşhur adıyla Terzi baba XIX. yüzyılda yaşamıştır. Adı
geçen zât, Abdullah Mekkî vasıtasıyla Nakşibendiyye
tarîkatının Hâlidiyye kolunun kurucusu Mevlânâ Hâlid-i Bağdâdî’ye (ö.
1242/1827) intisâb etmiş ve onun halîfesi olmuştur. Terzi Baba, Nakşîliğin
Hâlidî kolunun Erzincan ve dolaylarında yayılmasında önemli görevler
üstlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte o,
tasavvufa dair konuları şiirsel ifadelerle
“Kenzü’l-Miftâh” adlı eserinde dile getirmiştir. Bu makalede, Muhammed
Vehbî’nin tasavvufî anlayışını yansıtan düşünceleri onun günümüze ulaşan tek
eseri “Kenzü’l-Miftâh” bağlamında incelenecektir. İki bölümden müteşekkil
makalenin birinci kısmında Muhammed Vehbî’nin hayatı ve eserleri, ikinci
kısmında “Kenzü’l-Miftâh” adlı eserindeki tasavvufî düşüncelerine yer
verilecektir. Sonuç kısmında ise konuyla ilgili değerlendirme yapılacaktır.
ESTIMACIÓN DE LA POBLACIÓN DE Charadrius montanus J. K. Townsend, 1837 EN EL NORESTE DE MÉXICO
Authors: Cotera-Correa Mauricio , Scott-Moralesa Laura , Canales Delgadillo Julio
Published: June 2018

Charadrius montanus anida, principalmente, en los pastizales desérticos del oeste de Estados Unidos de América e inverna en el norte de México. El objetivo de esta investigación fue monitorear sus poblaciones en la región El Tokio, localizada en el noreste del territorio nacional. Se realizó el conteo de individuos durante los veranos e inviernos del periodo 2003 a 2006 en ocho sitios, ubicados en los estados de Coahuila, Nuevo León y San Luis Potosí, al menos, una vez en cada estación. El número y la longitud de los transectos se definieron con base en el tamaño de la colonia por evaluar. Se calcularon la densidad y tamaño poblacional para cada muestreo. Las estimaciones se llevaron a cabo con el programa Distance Beta 5.0. La densidad anual de aves fue significativamente distinta entre los años estudiados (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, H = 41.13, P < 0.0001), y la de aves varió significativamente entre sitios (F = 2.647; P = 0.0007). Durante el invierno, la densidad en la colonia La Soledad, Nuevo León, fue significativamente superior (t0.05, 3= 4.235, p = 0.024) a la registrada en el resto de las localidades; y en esta época del año también fue mayor a la estimada para el verano, reflejo de que las poblaciones migratorias se mezclan con las residentes. Sin embargo, se desconoce si las veraniegas permanecen en el área en la temporada fría. La población invernal estimada representa aproximadamente 8 % del total de la especie; mientras que la estival adiciona de 3 a 6 % a la misma.
PROCESOS DE DEFORESTACIÓN Y REDUCCIÓN DE DENSIDAD DEL ARBOLADO DEL PARQUE NACIONAL NEVADO DE TOLUCA
Authors: Regil García Héctor Hugo , Franco Maass Sergio , Ordóñez Díaz José Antonio Benjamín , Nava Bernal Gabino Eufemio , Mallén Rivera Carlos
Published: June 2018

Históricamente las áreas naturales de alta montaña en México han sufrido de presión a sus recursos naturales provocados por diversos factores como la extracción de recursos maderables y las plagas y enfermedades. Los intentos de zonificación resultan muy generalistas y se hace imposible hacer una evaluación de las transiciones menores de 10 años, debido a que los procesos necesarios para su evaluación suponen una elevada inversión en tiempo para tener un producto detallado y funcional. Para el Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca se elaboró un mapa de ocupación del suelo para 2009 con una imagen SPOT basado en la categorización Cetenal de uso de suelo y vegetación escala 1:50 000 para 1972 y se contrastó con la más reciente actualización para el año 2000 como referencia. Se realizó una sobreposición de los mapas de ocupación del suelo para los años 2000 y 2009 para hacer la interpretación interactiva por sectores de las transiciones en el periodo de estudio. Así se obtuvieron las áreas en donde se ha verificado deterioro en terrenos forestales. Las áreas con mayor dinámica negativa son los bosques de pino, por efectos de deforestación y de pérdida de densidad del arbolado. Se calculó una tasa general de 35 ha año-1, contra solo 3 ha año-1 de bosques recuperados. Se concluye que el área natural protegida está sujeta a intensos procesos de tala selectiva de manera ilegal o por saneamiento.
CRECIMIENTO MADERABLE Y BIOMASA AÉREA EN PLANTACIONES JÓVENES DE Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. EN ZACUALPAN, VERACRUZ
Authors: Romo Guzmán Domingo , Navarro Garza Hermilio , De los Santos Posadas Héctor Manuel , Hernández Romero Oliverio , López Upton Javier
Published: June 2018

La superficie de bosques nativos a escala mundial disminuye en proporciones alarmantes, pues cada año se deforestan 13 millones de ha, y para México, en particular, se ha calculado una tasa de deforestación anual de 0.25 % para bosques templados y de 0.76 % para selvas. La creciente demanda de productos maderables en el país ha impulsado el establecimiento de plantaciones comerciales forestales. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar un sistema de crecimiento maderable, con variables dasométricas y de edad a partir de los datos tomados en una crono-secuencia en plantaciones de Pinus patula establecidas del 2000 al 2007 en áreas agropecuarias reconvertidas. Se presenta un modelo de índice de sitio con base en una familia de curvas polimórficas generadas con el modelo de Chapman-Richards. En la condición promedio se pueden lograr rendimientos de 15 m3 ha-1año-1 durante los primeros 10 años de crecimiento, mientras que en las mejores condiciones es factible alcanzar hasta 30 m3 ha-1 año-1. La captura de carbono fue estimada en 31.3, 41.2, 51.0 y 60.2 Mg ha-1, respectivamente, para los años 9, 1, 13 y 15. A partir de los resultados de ocho años, y las proyecciones, se infiere que la zona tiene un alto potencial productivo tanto de madera como de captura de CO2.
The Relationship Between FDI, Poverty Reduction and Environmental Sustainability in Tunisia
Authors: Lazreg Marwa , Zouari Ezzeddine
Published: June 2018

Our goal in this paper is the study of the impact of FDI on poverty and sustainable development in the case of Tunisia and during the study period from 1985 to 2015. In addition, we use the test unit root of cointegration test, the model error correction of FMOLS and Granger causality. In the case of Tunisia, we find that all variables are integrated of order 1. Thus, we can use the cointegration test. Indeed, the result of the null hypothesis test of no cointegration was rejected at the 5% threshold, which explains the presence of a cointegration relationship between FDI, sustainable development and poverty. Finally, we present and interpreted the results of the estimated FMOLS model and Granger causality test to study the contribution of FDI to the poverty reduction and sustainable development in Tunisia. We find that the LIDE variable measuring foreign direct investment has a significant negative impact on the GINI index. We notice the LCO2 variable that measures the CO2 emissions has a negative and significant impact on poverty as measured by the poverty gap at $ 1.91. We prove that direct foreign investments have a significant negative impact on CO2 emissions. We find that the LIDE variable measuring foreign direct investment has a significant negative impact on the GINI index. We notice the LCO2 variable that measures the CO2 emissions has a negative and significant impact on poverty as measured by the poverty gap at $ 1.91. We prove that direct foreign investments have a significant negative impact on CO2 emissions. We found that the LIDE variable measuring foreign direct investment has a significant negative impact on the GINI index. We notice the LCO2 variable that measures the CO2 emissions has a negative and significant impact on poverty as measured by the poverty gap at $ 1.91. We prove that direct foreign investments have a significant negative impact on CO2 emissions.
Efek Anti Oksidan Bawang Putih terhadap Penurunan Bilangan Peroksida Minyak Jelantah
Authors: Mardiyah Siti
Published: June 2018

Used cooking oil is leftover cooking oil from food frying processes. The use of cooking oil which is repeated with a high temperature and a long time can cause the oil to oxidation and hydrolysis, resulting in increased levels of peroxide. High peroxide value can pose a health hazard. Allisin is antioxidants contained in garlic. Allisin are primary antioxidants which act as free radical scavengers that can slow oxidation on used cooking oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of garlic on decreased levels of peroxide in used cooking oil. This type of research is experimental by the number of samples in each treatment as many as 4 samples. Formulation of the problem of this study is whether there is the effect of adding garlic to decreased levels of peroxide on used cooking oil.From the results of the average levels of peroxide in used cooking oil that has been saved within 3 days is 26.0482 control mEq, 10 mEq% 23.65098, 22.71355 mEq 20%, 30% mEq 18.65023, 17.92128 mEq 40%, 50% 16.52508 mEq. Statistical analysis with ANOVA test shows the effect of adding garlic to decreased levels of peroxide in used cooking oil with p value (sig) = 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05. The results of Tukey HSD test showed the addition of garlic 30% is effective to reduce levels of peroxide on used cooking oil.Therefore, the addition of garlic may inhibit the process of rancidity and lower levels of peroxide in used cooking oil.KEYWORDS: garlic, cooking oil, peroxide value
A single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infection in clean-contaminated surgery among diabetic patients
Authors: Koirala Kamal , Mukhia Rupesh , Sharma Suman , Manandhar Sujan , Banepali Niroj , Shrestha Rishikesh Narayan , Khakurel Mahesh , Raghubanshi Bijendra Raj , Karki Balman Singh
Published: June 2018

Introductions: Guidelines on antibiotics use in surgical patients recommends a single dose prophylaxis for clean-contaminated cases and therapeutic course for contaminated and dirty cases. Compliance to this guideline is poor among diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of single dose antibiotic prophylaxis on the occurrence of postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) in clean-contaminated surgery in diabetic patients.Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital from September 2008 to August 2012 involving 144 diabetic patients who underwent major clean-contaminated surgery. Forty eight patients received one gram of ceftriaxone intravenously as prophylactic antibiotic within 30 minutes prior to incision (group 1) and 96 patients received three doses of ceftriaxone (group 2). One dose was given within 30 minutes prior to incision and other two doses were given postoperatively. All patients were followed up for 30 postoperative days on outpatient basis. The SSI rates were compared in two groups. Pus from the infected wound was tested for culture and sensitivity.Results: The SSI rates in group 1 and group 2 were of 5/48 (10.42%) and of 9/96 (9.37%) respectively. There was no significant difference in SSI rates between group 1 and group 2 (p=0.322).Conclusions: Single dose of Ceftriaxone shows the similar effect as three doses in clean-contaminated surgery in diabetic patients.
Efficacy of Yale observation scale to detect serious bacterial infection in febrile children aged one to 36 months
Authors: Kansakar Prerana , Shrestha Prakash Sundar , Shrestha Merina
Published: June 2018

Introductions: In most children aged 1-36 months, the cause of a febrile illness is a self limiting viral infection. It is very difficult to distinguish these from serious bacterial infection. Objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of the Yale Observation Scale (YOS) to detect serious bacterial infection in febrile children aged 1-36 months.Methods: YOS scores were assigned as a part of a cross- sectional study in 100 children presenting in Tribhuvan University teaching hospital with fever to divide the child into well- looking if YOS ≤10 or ill- looking if YOS >10. Then the history, examination and necessary investigation was performed to come to a diagnosis of non- serious illness and serious bacterial infection.Results: Serious bacterial infection was found in 33(33%) of the patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for a YOS score greater than 10 to detect serious bacterial infection were 45.45%, 88.05%%, 65.21% and 76.62%, respectively.Conclusions: A YOS ≤10 predicts non-serious illness while a YOS>10 does not necessarily indicate serious bacterial infection and should undergo further evaluation to confirm serious bacterial infection.
Clinical profile of culture proven enteric fever in children at university teaching hospital, Nepal
Authors: Shah Ganesh , Ghimire Amrit , Shrestha Shrijana
Published: June 2018

Introductions: Enteric fever is one of the major public health issues in Nepal. The present study was designed to analyze the clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in the cases of culture positive typhoid fever.Methods: This was a cross sectional study done by reviewing the hospital record files of children admitted in paediatric ward of Patan Hospital with culture positive enteric fever over a period of seven years from January 2007 to December 2013. The mode of presentation, sensitivity pattern of isolates from blood culture, response to therapy and the complications were recorded and analyzed.Results: There were total of 119 culture positive enteric fever admitted to children ward during this period, 64 (53.7%) males and 55 (46.3%) females. Common symptoms were fever (100%), vomiting 37 (31.09%), diarrhea 27 (22.68%), abdominal pain 31 (26%) cough 24 (20%), and constipation six (5%). Common clinical signs were hepatomegaly 41 (34.4%), splenomegaly 25 (21%), and chest signs 10 (8.4%). Sensitivity to ceftriaxone was 96.6% in this study. Ninety four percent of salmonella typhi in 2013 were resistant to quinolones.Conclusions: Fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and cough were major manifestations and encephalopathy was common complication of enteric fever in this study. Resistance to many of the drugs are emerging. An appropriate antibiotic has to be initiated only after culture sensitivity in typhoid fever.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Dec;1(2):42-45
A case of cyclic neutropenia
Authors: Ghimire Amrit , Shah Ganesh
Published: June 2018

A 14-year-old girl presented with recurrent episodes of pharyngitis, aphthous ulcers, diarrhea and fever for the past four years. The episodes lasted a week each time. The patient was admitted and blood studies revealed neutropenia. On further investigations, it was found that her neutrophil count dropped to less than 0.5 x 10⁹/L after every three weeks. Bone marrow study was normal. She was diagnosed as cyclic neutropenia.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Dec;1(2):46-48
Viable baby from a couvelaire uterus
Authors: R.C. Karki Laxmi , Das Chitra Ranjan
Published: June 2018

A 20-year-old primi gravida of 32 weeks pregnancy by date was admitted in the labor room with diagnosis of preterm labor with preeclampsia. Ultrasonography revealed 36 weeks pregnancy with normal liquor volume and fundal placenta. Lower segment caesarean section was done for cephalopelvic disproportion with preeclampsia. A female baby was delivered weighing 2.4 kg, with Apgar score of 6/10, 8/10. The placenta was delivered by control cord traction. On the fundus 25% of placenta was already separated and 500 ml of old retro placental clots were found. It was abruption placentae (concealed type), the uterus was bluish/purplish color, which was diffuse on fundal area and effusions of blood were also seen beneath the tubal serosa. After delivery of the baby uterus was well contracted 20 weeks size, bilateral ovaries were normal.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Dec;1(2):49-51
Impact of educational intervention on reduction of menopausal effects
Authors: Maharjan Ratna Kumari
Published: June 2018

Introductions: It is helpful for women to learn what to expect and what options are available in transition to menopause. The objective of this study was to find out the changes in the level of awareness among premenopausal women after educational intervention.Methods: Study was carried out at mothers’ group of Pinchhen Tole Lalitpur district, Kathmandu, Nepal. One hundred and four respondents were selected using non probability convenience purposive sampling technique. Data were collected before and after educational intervention.Results: The findings reveal that the total awareness score was 26.81 in pre-test and 31.97 in post test. The grand mean score of awareness was 24.81 in pre-test and 29.85 in post test. Standard deviation was 3.47 and 0.50 in pre-test and post-test respectively. The overall difference in knowledge between pre-test and post-test was highly significant.Conclusions: Educational intervention among premenopausal women is highly significant in establishing and strengthening awareness about menopausal symptoms and its reduction measures.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Dec;1(2):55-57
Dozen of doses: A bibliographical journey
Authors: Shrestha Rabindra Man
Published: June 2018

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal (OJN) completes one dozen issues of publication. OJN is the official publication of Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Association of Nepal (ODOAN). The journal was launched on November 15, 2011 during the inaugural ceremony of Joint Scientific Conference of ODOAN and Pierre Fauchard Academy; which was the second conference organized by the association. Since 2013, OJN has been publishing biannually; which was initiated as an annual issue.
3D CBCT Evaluation of Condyle Position in Skeletal Class I & Class III Growing Subjects
Authors: Mishra Rajiv Kumar , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Balachandran Rajiv
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Evaluation of temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) anatomy and function is an essential part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It has been hypothesized that dental and skeletal malocclusions alter the functional loading of TMJ which can affect joint morphology.Objective: Three dimensional (3D) evaluation of condylar position using CBCT in skeletal Class I and Class III growing subjects.Materials & Method: CBCT images of ten growing skeletal Class I & ten Class III patients in the age range of 7-14 years were analyzed. 3D condylar position were evaluated representing antero-posterior, vertical, laterolateral position of condyle, axial condylar angle and coronal condylar angles which were measured in axial, coronal and sagittal sections using Dolphin Imaging software. Antero-posterior and vertical difference of right and left condyle were measured in axial and coronal sections respectively.Result: Paired t-Test revealed no significant difference between right and left sides of condyle in skeletal Class I as well as Class III subjects. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant difference between position of condyle in ClassI and Class III subjects.Conclusion: 3D CBCT analysis shows no significant difference in condylar position of skeletal Class I and Class III subjects.
Cephalic Index among Nepalese Medical Students
Authors: Manandhar Bipana
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Cephalic index is race and sex specific parameter. Morphology of all living beings undergoes changes in varying degrees during their life and the features are variable in the individuals of the same species.Objective: To measure the head size of the Nepalese medical students of both sexes between 18 to 24 years of age, to determine the different head type and to explore the distribution of cephalic index by ethnicity.Materials & Method: Materials used were a Spreading caliper and a measuring scale. The method used for assessing cephalic index was Hrdlicka’s method.Result: The result showed that the majority of the medical students of Nepal Medical College had typical Brachycephalic head type.Conclusion: The dominant type of head shape revealed was brachycephalic and the least common head type as Dolicocephalic in Nepalese medical students of all the three ethnic groups namely Brahmin, Newar and Chettri.
Deep Bite in Orthodontics
Authors: Shrestha Rabindra Man
Published: June 2018

Title of the book: Deep Bite in OrthodonticsAuthor: Bashu Raj PandeyPublisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, MauritiusISBN: 978-620-2-07501-5Year of Publication: 2017No. of pages: 192
Penentuan Trapping Number pada Uji Core Flooding Surfaktan “B” Untuk Meningkatkan Perolehan Minyak Lapangan “X”
Authors: Widiyaningsih Indah
Published: June 2018

Injeksi surfaktan merupakan salah satu jenis EOR yang sesuai untuk memperbaiki efisiensi pendesakan pada reservoir. Surfaktan merupakan zat aktif yang dapat menurunkan tegangan antar muka air-minyak sehingga tekanan kapiler pada daerah penyempitan pori-pori akan turun yang menyebabkan minyak sisa dapat didesak dan diproduksikan. Injeksi surfaktan dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan injeksi air yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Dari injeksi surfaktan yang dilakukan ini diharapkan dapat mendesak minyak dan mendapatkan peningkatan recovery. Tahap pertama pada penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan uji core flooding pada sampel batuan reservoir dan Surfaktan “B”. Dari hasil core flooding dilakukan sensitivitas trapping number dengan menggunakan simulator. Parameter Trapping Number diperlukan untuk mengetahui proses perubahan wetabilitas yang terjadi di reservoar akibat dilakukannya injeksi surfaktan. Untuk selanjutnya parameter tersebut digunakan sebagai input pada skenario pengembangan Lapangan “X”. Pada uji sensitivitas trapping number didapatkan besarnya DTRAPW dan DTRAPN sebelum dan sesudah injeksi surfaktan masing-masing sebesar -5 dan -2. Peningkatan recovery factor yang didapat dari uji core flooding adalah sebesar 9,25% dan hasil dari simulasi reservoir Lapangan “X” setelah dilakukan sensitivitas trapping number menunjukkan hasil yang mendekati yaitu sebesar 9.77%.
Arah Arus Purba Formasi Bapang Daerah Dayu dan Sekitarnya Kecamatan Gondangrejo Kabupaten Karanganyar Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Prasetyo Fikri , Maha Mahap , Ediyanto Ediyanto
Published: June 2018

Daerah penelitian secara administrasi terletak di daerah Dayu dan sekitarnya, Kecamatan Gondangrejo, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Bagian Utara dari daerah penelitian dibatasi oleh Desa Bukuran, disebelah Timur dibatasi oleh Desa Jembangan, disebelah Barat dibatasi oleh Desa Krandowahono, dan disebelah Selatan dibatasi oleh Desa Rejosari. Stratigrafi daerah penelitian terdiri atas enam satuan litostratigrafi dengan urutan dari tua ke muda adalah Formasi Puren (Pliosen Awal-Akhir), Formasi Cemoro (Plistosen Awal), Formasi Bapang (Plistosen Awal-Tengah), Formasi Pohjajar (Plistosen Tengah), Mud Vulcano (Plistosen Akhir) mengintrusi satuan yang lebih tua sebelumnya, dan satuan Endapan Aluvial (Holosen) yang menumpang tidak selaras di atas batuan yang lebih tua. Struktur geologi yang berkembang pada daerah penelitian dipengaruhi oleh deformasi kedua Zona Kendeng yang berarah utara - selatan. Penelitian arah arus purba di daerah Dayu, menggunakan hasil pengukuran arah sumbu struktur sedimen cross-bedding yang tersebar di Formasi Bapang. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran arah sumbu cross-bedding di delapan belas lokasi pengukuran, disimpulkan bahwa arah arus purba Formasi Bapang mengarah ke baratlaut dengan tinggian di sebelah tenggara. Arah arus purba Formasi Bapang berpola Unimodal (Tucker, 2003) yang mencirikan lingkungan pengendapan Fluvial, dengan material vulkanik yang diperkirakan bersumber dari sebelah tenggara lokasi penelitian.
Zonasi Rawan Bencana Tanah Longsor Dengan Metode Analsis GIS: Studi Kasus Daerah Semono dan Sekitarnya Kecamatan Bagelen, Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Dewi Tara Shinta , Kusumayudha Sari Bahagiarti , Purwanto Heru Sigit
Published: June 2018

Kecamatan Bagelen dan Kecamatan Kaligesing, Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah termasuk wilayah yang berpotensi longsor cukup tinggi. Hal ini terbukti dari banyaknya kejadian gerakan tanah, dan telah menimbulkan baik kerusakan fisik maupun korban jiwa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memetakan dan menganalisis potensi gerakan tanah dengan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pengamatan langsung di lapangan dilakukan dengan memperhitungkan faktor internal (litologi dan struktur geologi) serta faktor eksternal (kemiringan lereng, curah hujan, dan tataguna lahan). Metode kuantitatif menggunakan analisis berbasis Geographic Information System (GIS) dengan parameter yang diberi bobot, meliputi litologi, struktur geologi, kemiringan lereng, curah hujan dan tata guna lahan. Daerah penelitian memiliki topografi bergelombang berlereng curam yang didominasi oleh batuan penysusun berupa lava dan breksi piroklastik yang telah mengalami pelapukan cukup lanjut serta memiliki rata-rata curah hujan 2164mm/tahun. Penelitian ini menghasilkan peta zonasi rawan longsor yang terbagi menjadi tiga zona yaitu zona rendah di desa Kemanukan, Piji, Clapar Kecamatan Bagelen; zona sedang di desa Somongari, Semagung, Hargorojo, Kecamatan Bagelen dan zona tinggi di desa Semono dan Durensari Kecamatan Bagelen, Desa Jatirejo Kecamatan Kaligesing serta Desa Hargotirto Kecamatan Kokap. Tipe gerakan tanah yang ada adalah aliran dan rayapan. Hasil penelitian dibaharkan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai informasi dasar untuk melakukan mitigasi bencana, dan pembangunan wilayah.
PENGARUH DISKONTINUITAS DAN PELAPUKAN LAVA ANDESIT TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK BATUAN DI GIRIPURWO, GIRIMULYO, KULONPROGO, DIY
Authors: Rakhman Arie Noor , Astanto Nur Widi
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh diskontinuitas dan pelapukan massa batuan lava andesit terhadap sifat karakteristik sifat mekanik batuan beku lava andesit di Daerah Giripurwo, Kecamatan Girimulyo, Kabupaten Kulonprogo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.Data penelitian berupa kondisi geologi, sifat fisik batuan, derajat pelapukan disertai hasil uji kuat tekan, absorpsi atau penyerapan air dan petrografi pada batuan lava andesit. Model struktur batuan lava yang dipergunakan yaitu model Gordon Andrew MacDonald (1972). Identifikasi derajat pelapukan batuan dan pola strukturnya pendekatan model Geological Society of London (1990). Sintesa data menghasilkan hubungan korelasi antar sifat fisik terhadap sifat mekaniknya.Nilai kuat tekan batuan lava andesit (396.18 - 1,802.89 kg/cm2) dikontrol oleh bidang diskontinuitas berupa struktur kekar, skoria, sesar dan bidang ketidakselarasan. Dari bawah ke atas berkembang derajat pelapukan tingkat IB hingga IV, kekuatan batuan semakin rendah oleh adanya air berupa tegangan air pori (nilai serapan 0,31 – 2,19%) pada bidang diskontinuitas tersebut. Kekuatan friksi batuan dapat bertambah oleh keberadaan mineral karbonat produk pelapukan mineral plagioklas yang mengisi celah bidang diskontinuitas.
PSİKOLOJİK UZAKLIK VE ALGILANAN YATIRIM YETERLİLİĞİNİN YATIRIM YAPMA İSTEĞİNE ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE DENEYSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: CENGİZ Emre
Published: June 2018

Teorinin kesinlik düzeyi kavramına göre bir birey,
bir objeyi psikolojik olarak daha uzak olarak algıladığında, o obje hakkındaki
yapılan zihinsel yorum düzeyi daha soyut olmaktadır. Yatırım perspektifinden
bakıldığında bir firma eğer yatırımcılar tarafından psikolojik olarak uzak algılanırsa,
yatırımcıyı çekemeyebilir. Bu çalışma, bir psikolojik uzaklık boyutu olan
sosyal yakınlık ile algılanan yatırım yeterliliğinin, yatırımcıların yatırım
yapma isteklerini etkileyip etkilemediğini test etmektedir. Sonuçlara göre
sosyal yakınlık ve yatırım yapma istekliliği arasında pozitif bir ilişki yer
almaktadır. Ayrıca, algılanan yatırım yeterliliği ile yatırım yapma istekliliği
arasında güçlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan, algılanan yatırım
yeterliliğinin; sosyal yakınlık ile yatırımcıların yatırım yapma istekliliği
arasındaki pozitif ilişki arasında aracı değişken olarak görev yaptığı
bulunmuştur.
DİJİTALLEŞME SÜRECİNDE KÜRESEL MUHASEBE MESLEĞİNİN YENİDEN ŞEKİLLENMESİNE BAKIŞ
Authors: TÜRKER Masum
Published: June 2018

İş dünyası; dijitalleşme sürecindeki yenilikler, yapay zekanın kullanılma derecesindeki artış düzeyi ve megatrendlerdeki gelişmeler ile baş edebilmek için iş yapısını ve yöntemlerini geliştiriyor.İş dünyasının gelişen yeni yapısına karşılık muhasebe mesleğinin önderleri de muhasebe mesleğinin geleceğiniküresel düzeyde şekillendirmek için düşünmek, tasarlamak ve yaratıcı olmak sorumluluğu içinde çalışmalarınıyürütüyorlar. Muhasebe mesleğinde çözüm üreten küresel liderlik; hem finansal raporlama hem de denetim boyutundazorlukları fırsatlara çeviren mesleki yeterliliklerin varlığını sağlayan yenilikçi yaklaşımlar geliştirmektedir.Muhasebe meslek mensubunun yeni kuşak işlere liderlik yaparak müşterilerine hizmet verebilmesi için; kamuyararına odaklanarak dürüstlük, güven, tarafsızlık, doğruluk ve mesleki teknik nitelikler gibi etik değerleri temelalarak çeşitliliği, yeni teknolojileri ve yeniliği öğrenmesi zorunluluğu doğmuştur. Bu çalışmada dijital dünyayagöre yapılanan küresel iş dünyasının beklentilerini karşılayacak küresel muhasebe mesleğinin şekillendirilmesineilişkin gelişmeler ve çalışmalar açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Advancing in Bahá’í-inspired Education
Authors: Farid-Arbab Sona
Published: June 2018

In order to advance significantly in Bahá’í-inspired education, we need to keep in mind Bahá’u’lláh’s extraordinary vision of the human being who will walk this earth in the fullness of time. While being respectful of accomplishments in the field of education, we need to remember that in its present state, it is incapable of cultivating such an individual. Humbled by the realization of the magnitude of the work ahead, a growing number of us, together with other like-minded individuals, have to labor in diverse cultural and ecological settings, identifying educational needs, developing elements of a coherent pedagogy, and creating a series of teaching-learning experiences in which these elements are given practical expression. The experience of the Junior Youth Spiritual Empowerment Program is offered as an example of an endeavor to advance Bahá’í-inspired education in which modest contributions accumulate and lead to significant progress.
Down-Regulation of 14-3-3σ Reduces Proliferation of Human Lung Cancers But Not Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Nunun Somrudee , Thongsuksai Paramee , Trakunrum Keson , Raungrut Pritsana
Published: June 2018

Objective: 14-3-3σ protein is well known for its tumor suppressive function in breast cancer. However, recent evidence has raised the possibility that the 14-3-3σ protein may also have an oncogenic function in certain cancer types. The aim of this study was to investigate the oncogenic function of 14-3-3σ in adenocarcinoma cell lines of the lung (A549, H358) and colon (HT-29).Material and Methods: siRNA against 14-3-3σ was used to suppress 14-3-3σ expression. Cell proliferation, cell-cycle distribution and expression of related molecules were determined by MTT, flow cytometry, and western blotting, respectively.Results: Down-regulation of 14-3-3σ significantly reduced the proliferation of A549 and H358 by 35.0% and 31.0%, respectively, and significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, respectively. Increased p21 expression by 43.0% was only observed in si-14-3-3σ-H358 cells. The si-14-3-3σ-HT-29 cells showed no alteration of cell proliferation and cell-cycle distribution but harbored reduced p53 expression by 56.0% and p27 expression by 67.0%.Conclusion: 14-3-3σ may have an oncogenic function in lung adenocarcinoma but play a different role in colon cancer.
Validation of an Awareness and Preparedness on a Hearing Conservation Program Questionnaire: A Cross Sectional Study in Thailand
Authors: Choomalee Kittisakdi , Rungruang Supeecha , Sathiraphanya Chutarat , Choosong Thitiworn
Published: June 2018

Objective: To validate a hearing conservation program (HCP) questionnaire based on the health belief model and stages of change model (or transtheoretical model).Material and Methods: The perception levels of 145 workers who voluntarily participated at 2 companies were determined using this HCP questionnaire from April 2014 to September 2015. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to justify the final questionnaire.Results: The final questionnaire had 24 items with 5 components: risk acceptance (8 items), perceived barriers (3 items), perceived benefits (5 items), role model (4 items), and the stages of change (4 items). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of each component were 0.75, 0.64, 0.84, 0.85, 0.71, and the total Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of this questionnaire was 0.78. Workers in the factory who promoted continuous safety activities of HCP had a better score in all dimensions than those workers in the factory who did not.Conclusion: This questionnaire of 5 components was a well validated, predictable, and positive instrument for the HCP situation in manufacturing.
Upaya Peningkatan Pengelolaan Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Pada Sekolah Menengah Umum Di Kecamatan Jagakarsa
Authors: Setyawati Irma , Suroso Sugeng , Rambe Delila , Damayanty Prisila , Lestari Tyastuti Sri
Published: June 2018

AbstrakPerkembangan ilmu dan teknologi semakin mendorong usaha-usaha ke arah pembaharuan dalam memanfaatkan hasil-hasil teknologi dalam rangka meningkatkan tertib administrasi dan profesionalisme. Guru (pengajar) dalam rangka memperoleh tugas tambahan sebagai pengurus koperasi di SMU selayaknya memperoleh pelatihan untuk melakukan pengadministrasian peminjaman di koperasi dengan menggunakan program-program aplikasi. Tujuan dari kegiatan penfabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah wahana transfer ilmu kepada masyarakat sasaran. Dengan metode pendampingan langsung kepada guru pengurus koperasi SMA di wilayah Kecamatan Jagakarsa, diharapkan data finansial tercatat dalam komputer, penggunaan program aplikasi dapat menentukan bunga pinjaman, angsuran pinjaman dan bunga simpanan, peningkatan kemampuan sumber daya manusia untuk mengelola usaha simpan pinjam. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dengan peserta guru SMU di Kecamatana Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan yang diberi tugas tambahan sebagai pengurus koperasi di SMU-nya masing-masing. Materi pelatihan adalah program aplikasi untuk koperasi simpan pinjam. Peserta pelatihan menunjukkan respon antusias dan hasil pelatihan menunjukkan hasil beberapa peserta pelatihan mampu menagkap dan mengaplikasikannya. Kata Kunci: Koperasi, Simpan Pinjam, Program Aplikasi, Jagakarsa AbstractThe development of science and technology increasingly pushes efforts towards renewal in utilizing the results of technology in order to improve the orderly administration and professionalism. Teachers in order to obtain additional duties as cooperative managers in SMU should get training to perform lending administration procedures in cooperatives by using application programs. The purpose of this activity is to facilitate the transfer of knowledge to the target community. With direct assistance method to high school cooperative teachers in Jagakarsa sub-district, it is expected that financial data is recorded in computer, application program usage can determine loan interest, loan installment and deposit interest, human resource capacity improvement to manage saving and loan business. This devotion is carried out with the participants of high school teachers in Jagakarsa sub-district, South Jakarta who are given additional duty as caretaker of cooperatives in their respective high school. Training materials are application programs for savings and credit cooperatives. The training participants showed enthusiastic response and training results showed the results of some trainees were able to capture and apply them.Keywords: Cooperative, Savings and Loans, Application Program, Jagakarsa
Meningkatkan Kualitas Siswa SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Jakarta dengan Pemanfaatan Aplikasi OpenOffice sebagai Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Hantoro Kusdarnowo , Rejeki Sri , Rianti Susi , Putra Tri Dharma
Published: June 2018

Komputer memerlukan perangkat lunak atau software baik yang bersifat close source maupun bersifat open source software. Open Source Software atau Aplikasi sumber daya terbuka merupakan aplikasi yang dapat digunakan oleh siapa saja secara bebas dan dapat dikembangkan oleh pelaku TI atau memperbaiki jika ditemukan kelemahan-kelemahan pada software tersebut dengan memanfaatkan kode sumber yang tersebar di internet. Pola Open Source lahir karena kebebasan berkarya, tanpa intervensi berpikir dan mengungkapkan apa yang diinginkan dengan menggunakan pengetahuan dan produk yang cocok. Aktivitas dilakukan di SMA 1 Muhammadiyah Jakarta Pusat. Metode pelaksanaan adalah penyuluhan dengan waktu efektif 2 (dua) hari yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 8 dan 9 juni 2017, berbarengan dengan acara pesantren kilat yang diadakan di sekolah tersebut. Pembelajaran ini memberikan wawasan baru bagi siswa kelas IPS tentang pemanfaatan aplikasi OpenOffice. Antusiasme peserta dalam mengikuti penyuluhan terlihat dari banyaknya pertanyaan Siswa dalam penyuluhan berlangsung.
Sosialisai dan Simulasi Menabung Rumah Yatim Kota Bekasi
Authors: Narpati Bintang
Published: June 2018

Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi saat ini bagaikan air mengalir yang deras yang tidak bisa dibendung. Dari kota besar hingga pelosok desa informasi yang diterima oleh sebagian masyarakat menjadikan mereka mengikuti trend untuk dijadikan style atau gaya hidup saat ini. Trend sosialita jaman sekarang atau gaya hidup jaman sekarang adalah terjadinya pengeluaraan belanja atau sikap konsumtif yang berlebihan. Sikap ini yang sebagian besar terjadi pada usia anak – anak, remaja hinggga dewasa yang tidak kita sadari. Pendapatan yang tidak seimbang dengan pengeluaran akan mengakibatkan terjadinya masalah dalam kehidupan dimana kehidupan tidak akan nyaman dengan hutang yang semakin menumpuk. Permasalahannya adalah apabila sikap boros, gaya hidup mewah dan sikap konsumtif yang berlebihan yang tidak dapat ditekan sedini mungkin akan mengakibatkan kehancuran kehidupan dimasa yang akan datang. Melalui Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya yang mengarah kepada anak – anak yatim khususnya di kota Bekasi, dilakukan sosialisasi menabung dengan lokasi Rumah Yatim Bekasi dan dilakukan ceramah dan diskusi mengenai pentingnya arti menabung, selain itu dilakukan pula simulasi tentang bagaimana petugas bank melayani pembukaan rekening nasabah. Hal ini dilakukan agar sejak usia dini, anak – anak yatim sudah terbiasa menabung dan terbiasa datang ke bank untuk menabung dan melakukan transaksi lainnya. Hasil sosialisasi dan simulasi menabung ini bertujuan agar anak – anak yatim dapat hidup hemat tidak melakukan pemborosan terhadap dana – dana yang telah dimilikinya baik dana yang didapat melalui para dermawan ataupun penjualan barang atas hasil karyanya dengan tujuan agar dana tersebut dapat ditabung dan dapat dikelola serta dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan sesuai dengan kebutuhannnya.Kata kunci: Sosialisasi, Simulasi dan Menabung
Ketentuan Pengaturan Jasa Dalam Percepatan Penerapan Asean Economic Community
Authors: Tobing Clara Ignatia
Published: June 2018

Percepatan penerapan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) atau ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) yang semula dicanangkan akan diterapkan pada tahun 2015 menjadi 2020 menuntut kesiapan yang tidak sedikit dari negara-negara anggota ASEAN, khususnya Indonesia. Arus Bebas Jasa (Free Flows of Services) menjadi salah satu pilar utama atau elemen inti pelaksanaan liberalisasi dalam bidang pergangan internasional di ruang lingkup MEA tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode deskriptif analitis yang mengkaji mengenai penerapan peraturan di bidang MEA dengan kesiapan kondisi perekonomian dalam menghadapi Arus Bebas Jasa, negara-negara ASEAN dan Indonesia khususnya telah mulai memberlakukan peraturan-peraturan yang mendukung terlaksananya tujuan tersebut. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia masih dirasa perlu membenahi kondisi dalam negeri agar terciptanya atmosfir yang mendukung terlaksananya Arus Bebas Jasa.
Penggunaan Information and Communication Technologies Dalam Pembelajaran Jenjang SMP di Yogyakarta
Authors: Sulistya Ningrum Herlina Catur , Rohmad P Arif , Jannati W Maulida , Ayu N Zia , Hajar N Khusnul , Kariyam Kariyam
Published: June 2018

Pada zaman globalisasi seperti saat ini, masyarakat diharapkan untuk lebih mengetahui tentang Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sehingga dapat memudahkan dalam segala hal dan urusan. Seiring dengan kemajuan zaman, teknologi mulai dikembangkan serta banyak dimanfaatkan oleh tenaga pendidik sebagai media pembelajaran. Dari hal tersebut akan muncul permasalahan baru yaitu kurangnya kemampuan tenaga pendidik untuk penggunaan ICT dalam melakukan pembelajaran serta fasilitas untuk penunjang dalam pembelajaran menggunakan ICT yang kurang memadai. Oleh karena itu, akan dilakukan pengujian analisis Kruskal Wallis untuk melihat apakah  ada perbedaan kemampuan tenaga pendidik ketika menggunakan ICT dalam pembelajaran dari ke lima kabupaten di Yogyakarta. Selain itu, juga akan dilakukan pengujian untuk melihat sudah merata kah penyaluran fasilitas penunjang dalam pembelajaran ICT pada lima kabupaten di Yogyakarta. Data yang akan digunakan dalam analisis berupa data sampel SMP di Yogyakarta yang pernah mengikuti pelatihan ICT dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner ke SMP – SMP pada tahun 2017. Berdasarkan permasalah diatas, akan didapatkan hasil bahwa untuk kemampuan tenaga pendidik serta intensitas penggunaan media belajar berupa ICT pada lima kabupaten di Yogyakarta adalah tidak berbeda, seperti pada kemampuan dalam penggunaan ICT di lima kabupaten, hasil yang diperoleh dari pengujian tentang fasilitas penunjang juga akan diperoleh hasil yang tidak berbeda pada lima kabupaten terkait dengan fasilitas penunjang yang digunakan.
Perancangan Dan Pembuatan Mesin Pengolahan Limbah Sekam Menjadi Bahan Baku Pakan Ternak
Authors: Muhazir Achmad , Widyantoro Murwan
Published: June 2018

Limbah sekam adalah limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses penggilingan padi menjadi beras, ada tiga proses untuk mengubah padi dari ladang menjadi beras yang siap dimasak. Pertama proses pelepasan butir padi dari gagang padi yang disebut proses perontokan, kedua pelepasan kulit padi dari biji-bijinya (proses menggunakan mesin pelepas kulit) proses ini menghasilkan limbah sekam, yang ketiga proses pembersihan biji beras dari kulit tipis dan menghasilkan beras bersih yang siap dimasak (menggunakan mesin polisher). Pada proses ke dua, yaitu pelepasan kulit dari bijinya, menghasilkan limbah sekam yang cukup banyak, dan biasanya ditumpuk dibelakang pabrik. Limbah sekam ini biasanya dibakar agar tidak menjadi masalah dalam pembuangannya dan masalah lingkungan, atau dijual dengan harga yang murah sebagai bahan untuk pupuk tanaman. Hasil dari beberapa survey awal dan beberapa penelitian, ternyata limbah sekam ini bisa dimanfaatkan untuk bahan pencampur pakan ternak, bebek, sapi, dan lainnya, karena kandungan nutrisi cocok sebagai bahan pencampur pakan ternak.Penelitian ini menghasilkan mesin pengolah limbah sekam yang lebih ergonomis, daya yang dipakai lebih kecil dari mesin-mesin yang sudah ada yaitu 2 HP dengan kapasitas produksi yang dihasilkan mencapai sekitar 52 kg/jam, ini lebih unggul dari mesin-mesin sebelumnya dengan daya yang lebih besar. Kesetabilan mesin dalam produksi limbah sekam lebih setabil, hasil pengujian secara statistik masuk ke daerah batas kontrol atas (BKA) dan batas kontrol bawah (BKB).
Mengubah Jarak dengan Penerapan Remote Access Menggunakan Team Viewer
Authors: Doni Fahlepi Roma , Lesmono Ibnu Dwi
Published: June 2018

Seiringsemakin maju berkembangan zaman maka teknologi ikut berkembang juga, khususnya teknologi aplikasi yang menunjukkan kemajuan, infrastruktur di bidang komunikasi yang bisa mendukung untuk terciptanya sistem atau aplikasi yang handal ikut mengalami perkembangan pesat juga. Teknologi yang digunakan supaya bisa mengendalikan komputer dari yang berbeda tempat atau wilayah dengan menggunakan sebuah aplikasi remote access, menggunakan aplikasi ini seolah-olah akan berada didepan komputer yang sedang dikendalikan dari tempat lain, cakupan yang dapat diakses itu tidak terbatas wilayah, berbeda tempat, pulau, negara bahkan yang berbeda benua bisa saling terkoneksi. Perkembangan teknologi akses perangkatdari area yang berbedaatau remote access setiap harinya juga semakin berkembang dan cakupansemakin luas, tidak hanya dalam satu cakupan area saja, bahkan bisa menjadi cakupan global (dunia), yakni menggunakan internet, dengan adanya fasilitas internet ini, maka untuk mengendalikan personal computer dari area yang berbeda tempat bisa terjangkau dengan remote access bahkan bisa menjangkau wilayahluas