bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zorg voor en zorgen om alleenstaande minderjarige vreemdelingen
Authors: Smit Monika
Published: February 2020

Taking care of unaccompanied minor immigrants

Among the asylum seekers arriving in Europe are unaccompanied minors (UMAs). As a result of the often traumatic experiences before and during their flight, many have mental health problems. The question is how they cope in the country of destination. After the flight, the plight is not over: destination countries are often not welcoming in all respects, UMAs may encounter violence in reception facilities, and experience stress related to the asylum procedure and possible family reunification, as well as worries about relatives left behind. Although UMAs are also known to be resilient, and most are supported by family members and/or significant others, there are worries about their transition to adulthood. When they turn 18, they have to deal with the developmental tasks that come with that age, as well as to come to terms with past experiences. At the same time their guardianship ends, and they are supposed to manage on their own in the relatively new country. Many UMAs seem to manage, but it would be helpful if the 18 years age limit could be used flexible when necessary.
Changes in the education of early school education teachers in Poland in the context of students’ anticipation of the profession
Authors: Suświłło Małgorzata
Published: February 2020

In this study I describe the problem of changes in the education of pre-school and primary school (grades I-III) teachers in Poland, paying attention to the political and ideological as well as the philosophical context. I provide arguments for the need to care for the quality of education and the need for continuous teacher education. I draw attention to the David Clarke’s and Hilary Hollingsworth’s Correlation Model of Professional Development of Teacher, useful in this regard, and to the European context of solutions in this field. In the further part of the study, I consider the education philosophy of early school education teachers, citing for example Potulicka’s critical views on the neoliberal American philosophy, and providing a different approach of Bay Area Teacher Training Institute (BATTI) (also American), which assumes that the philosophy of teachers education is closely related to the philosophy of education. The second part of this article presents my own qualitative study on the self-anticipation of students regarding the profession of early school education teacher. As a result of the analysis of students’ essays, I selected several types of teacher: ‘professional’, ‘apprentice/constantly learning’, ‘artist/animator’, ‘friend of children and parents/authority’, ‘enthusiast/passionate, ‘constructivist’.
Early mathematical education in narrative contexts and the local environment
Authors: Bilewicz-Kuźnia Barbara
Published: February 2020

The article describes the implementation of the project that took the form of a teaching experiment. The “Myśleć jak architect” [en. “Think like an Architect”] project was aimed at developing children's spatial, mathematical and creative skills, integrating the social environment: academic, educational, family and cultural, and promoting science. Its essence was to design and conduct a mathematical and creative didactic cycle in the university space and in the local cultural space. The essence of educational meetings were: play, tasks, games and mathematical problems undertaken and solved by children in active and creative action, also using innovative teaching materials. The workshop didactic program was designed as a cycle of 12 hours of didactic classes, in which there was a deliberate use of rhymes, poems, fairy tales and mathematical narratives. The project lasted from November 2018 to May 2019. The beneficiaries of the project were the oldest pre-schoolers and younger students from grades I-III, in 9 groups, each consisting of 12 people. The study confirmed the effectiveness and attractiveness of integrating literature with mathematics and learning mathematics in various areas. The study has shown that the strategies for teacher management of construction play using narration are an important and effective ways of supporting the development of a child's mathematical thinking.
The mission of a university undergraduate library: Draft model statement
Authors: Library Association American
Published: February 2020

The mission of a university undergraduate library: Draft model statement
Ancestral Queendom
Authors: Belle La Vaughn , Navarro Tami , Sewer Hadiya , Yanique Tiphanie
Published: February 2020

This article is written in what can be described as the “post-centennial” era, post 2017, the year marked by the 100th anniversary of the sale and transfer of the Virgin Islands from Denmark to the United States. 2017 marked a shift in the conversation around and between Denmark and its former colonies in the Caribbean, most notably the increasing access of Virgin Islanders to the millions of archival records that remain stored in Denmark as they began to emerge in online databases and temporarily in exhibitions. That year the Virgin Islands Studies Collective, a group of four women (La Vaughn Belle, Tami Navarro, Hadiya Sewer and Tiphanie Yanique) from the Virgin Islands and from various disciplinary backgrounds, also emerged with an intention to center not only the archive, but also archival access and the nuances of archival interpretation and intervention. This collaborative essay, Ancestral Queendom: Reflections on the Prison Records of the Rebel Queens of the 1878 Fireburn in St. Croix, USVI (formerly the Danish West Indies), is a direct engagement with the archives and archival production. Each member responds to one of the prison records of the four women taken to Denmark for their participation in the largest labor revolt in Danish colonial history. Their reflections combine elements of speculation, fiction, black feminitist theory and critique as modes of responding to the gaps and silences in the archive, as well as finding new questions to be asked.
Resenha do livro Le capital au XXIe siècle de Thomas Piketty.
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio
Published: February 2020

O titulo do livro trás uma referência direta ao livro O Capital de Karl Marx que apesar de ser citado e referenciado no livro não foi nele muito aprofundado, portanto, não nos parece que ele não tenha lido Marx, como afirma David Harvey em recente artigo publicado no site www.cartamaior.com.br , postado em 30 de maio de 2014.
Pareceristas da Edição
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio
Published: February 2020

Pareceristas da Edição nº21
Editorial
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio
Published: February 2020

Editorial do numero 9 da Revista Geografares.
Where Are the Women? Updating the Account!
Authors: Zemans Joyce , Wallace Amy C.
Published: February 2020

Cet article met à jour les résultats analysés dans « A Tale of Three Women : The Visual Arts in Canada / A Current Account/ing » (RACAR, vol. XXV, no 1–2 (1998), p. 103–22, paru en 2001) et propose un état de la situation actuelle des femmes artistes au Canada. Il réexamine le caractère institutionnel de la discrimination et son impact dans les institutions postsecondaires et les musées, ainsi qu’en rapport au soutien apporté aux artistes individuels. Il actualise et élargit l’étude précédente d’un point de vue tant qualitatif que quantitatif. Les analyses qualitatives révisées des carrières de Kathleen Munn, Joyce Wieland et Vera Frenkel contrebalancent l’accent mis sur la comptabilisation. La recherche menée indique que les femmes, jusqu’alors sous-représentées, ont atteint la parité ou la quasi-parité des postes supérieurs et à plein-temps dans les départements universitaires d’arts plastiques considérés. De même, dans les concours pour les subventions de projets octroyées par le Conseil des arts du Canada, hommes et femmes artistes ont plus ou moins le même taux de succès. Toutefois, pour les allocations de subventions à long terme (qui ont une plus grande valeur monétaire) et de prix nationaux, le fossé entre les sexes demeure considérable. Si le Musée des beaux-arts du Canada semble avoir utilisé son pouvoir d’achat pour réduire, dans ses acquisitions, le déséquilibre entre les sexes, les oeuvres d’art qu’il expose et acquiert demeurent principalement créées par des hommes. Quoique l’analyse des bourses octroyées par le programme du Conseil des arts de Subventions d’acquisition aux musées et aux galeries d’art — qui offre un regard sur les pratiques de collection d’art contemporain au Canada — révèle une situation plus encourageante, il demeure qu’une hiérarchie genrée persiste dans la valeur des oeuvres acquises. Cet article insiste sur l’importance de comptabiliser et de dresser des bilans afin de prendre conscience de la situation, ainsi que sur la nécessité de rester vigilant pour remédier à l’inégalité entre les sexes.
L’architecture comme expérience totale : autour d’une restitution informatique de la salle de lecture de la bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève d’Henri Labrouste
Authors: Bressani Martin , Grignon Marc , Albloushi Adel
Published: February 2020

Henri Labrouste’s Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève (1851) is recognized as one of the major monuments of nineteenth-century Paris. Its magnificent reading room, generally well preserved, has been subjected to a number of transformations over the years. Though its initial form is known from old photographs showing the interior space during daytime, the authors of this article have sought to reconstruct the original reading room in a 3D digital model that would render the atmosphere at different hours. The article first explains how the 3D model was developed, using old photographs, drawings, archives, and the very detailed construction journal kept by the architect. It emphasizes how the night view was produced, with its original system of gas lighting, focusing the light on the working tables, the bookshelves, and the circulation space. The authors then develop the argument that the alternation between natural light and artificial light strongly contributes to the Romantic interpretation of knowledge represented in the library. Situating the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève in relation to other projects in which the alternation of natural and artificial light plays an important symbolic role, such as Boullée’s cenotaph to Newton, they argue that Labrouste’s modernism is not only found in his use of an iron structure in the reading room, but also in his creation of a total architectural experience.
The Foundations of the Entrepreneurial Society
Authors: Audretsch David B.
Published: February 2020

Just as the entrepreneurial economy is one in which entrepreneurial activity serves as a driving force underlying economic performance, the entrepreneurial society provides the institutional, policy and cultural context conducive to entrepreneurship, which in turn, shapes economic performance. By providing the foundations of the entrepreneurial society, this addresses an inherent paradox – the impact of entrepreneurship on economic performance is embedded in a considerably broader range of influences. This suggests that a focus solely restricted to institutions, policies and culture promoting entrepreneurship is too narrow and may not necessarily generate the public policy goal of a stronger economic performance. This paper concludes that rather than a simple and singular focus on entrepreneurship, effective entrepreneurship policy needs to be compatible with the other main forces shaping and influencing spatial economic performance.
Pierre Soulages’s Ultrablack Paintings: The Matter of Presence
Authors: Chakrabarty Ananda Shankar
Published: February 2020

Pour la philosophe française Éliane Escoubas, l’« outrenoir » que l’artiste français Pierre Soulages a créé depuis 1979 démontre la « présence de la peinture en peinture. » Si la peinture outrenoire résulte d’un processus illustrant parfaitement la matérialité qui a fortement marqué une grande partie de l’art européen d’après-guerre, l’élément le plus remarquable des travaux outrenoirs de Soulages réside dans le spectacle de la tension lumineuse induite par les stries inscrites dans le pigment épais de ces peintures. S’appuyant sur une lecture approfondie des tableaux outrenoirs de Soulages, ainsi que sur plusieurs commentaires critiques d’historiens de l’art, cet article avance l’idée que le regardeur, tour à tour confronté aux effacements et aux dévoilements de la matière pigmentaire sur la surface de la peintre outrenoire, vit ici une expérience sensorielle. En rendant présent ce qui est détenu dans les plis, le spectacle de la peinture outrenoire offre la présence de la matière en tant que voir.
Annibale Carracci and the Modern Reform of Altar Painting
Authors: Stoenescu Livia
Published: February 2020

Annibale Carracci constitue un objet d’autant plus intéressant à étudier que sa carrière va à l’encontre des conventions et des normes de la Contre-Réforme et de l’art baroque. Les qualités éclatantes de ses oeuvres nous forcent à revoir les notions de décadence et de crispation habituellement associées à la Contre-Réforme en même temps qu’elles évitent les excès typiques des peintures de commande de la période baroque réalisées sur commande que la Réforme jugera par trop « démonstratives ». Annibale Carracci a permis à la peinture de progresser d’un bond en poussant plus loin les réalisations de ses prédécesseurs de la Renaissance tout en faisant le tri des idées fortes ou des contraintes pratiques qui régissaient leurs créations. À bien des égards, il faut cependant rappeler que cette perception s’explique moins par le désir d’éclairer son programme de réforme que par le besoin de faire correspondre Annibale à la dimension grandiose du Baroque et à l’esprit rigoriste de la Contre-Réforme. Les commentaires d’historiographes tels que Malvasia et Bellori, qui avaient tenté de sortir Annibale de la déplorable réputation que lui avait faite Baglione—qui était pour la Contre-Réforme—ont poussé plus d’un auteur à interpréter son recours aux motifs classiques comme le parfait exutoire d’une passion baroque. De telles exagérations entretenues par Donald Posner, S.J. Freedberg et Charles Dempsey sont imprégnées de l’idée que l’Antiquité classique a joué un rôle prédominant dans l’art baroque. Mais les recherches ne se sont jamais penchées sur les raisons pour lesquelles Annibale Carracci est un réformateur. Consciente des pièges que représentent les normes et les classifications, mon étude se fonde sur l’idée que le programme réformateur de Annibale réside dans de nouvelles modalités de l’art narratif et dans les changements drastiques apportés aux conventions et aux traditions de la peinture d’autel. Sa fameuse Crucifixion peinte en 1583 et toujours visible dans l’église Sta. Maria delle Carità à Bologne offre une illustration convaincante de la réforme telle qu’Annibale Carracci la concevait.
Publier sur la Révolution américaine en France (1778-1788)
Authors: Lounissi Carine
Published: February 2020

Cet article propose une étude des conditions de rédaction et de publication des ouvrages écrits en français sur la Révolution américaine pendant les années 1780. Ce corpus, négligé jusqu’à présent par les historiens, comprend des textes soumis pour révision aux diplomates américains en poste en Europe. Or, ces collaborations relativement peu étudiées permettent de réévaluer ce moment franco-américain. Il en est de même des Archives de la Librairie française qui contiennent les rapports des censeurs sur ces ouvrages, dont la plupart ont bénéficié d’une permission tacite pour circuler en France. Il ressort de la consultation de ces documents que les critiques à l’encontre des institutions françaises ont été secondaires pour Vergennes, à condition qu’elles ne fussent pas érigées en système théorique. Ces sources suggèrent que ces écrits sur la Révolution américaine ne peuvent plus être considérés uniquement en termes de « propagande », comme le faisait Durand Echeverria, mais méritent d’être intégrés à une histoire intellectuelle atlantique ou transatlantique de l’ère des révolutions.
Béranger in Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Steele Robert O.
Published: February 2020

Pierre-Jean de Béranger (1780–1857) was revered during his lifetime as the national poet of France. His championing of the Revolution and the people earned him significant impact in the United States; an antebellum American reviewer touted Béranger’s patriotism and his struggle for liberty as a model for an American national poetry. Translations of his songs were published in various formats at various prices by major publishers who also imported French-language editions. Translators struggled to bring his politically radical and sexually scandalous texts across linguistic and cultural borders to construct a Béranger who could be understood in the United States. Yet by refusing to translate Béranger, direct-language pioneer Lambert Sauveur subversively exposed his students to the Christian roots of socialism and a defense of the Paris Commune. By century’s end, Béranger’s influence had faded to mere inclusion in delicately suggestive anthologies, but his voice lived on to inspire leftists of the next century.
Vers une conception théorique multidimensionnelle du climat scolaire interculturel
Authors: Archambault Isabelle , Mc Andrew Marie , Audet Geneviève , Borri-Anadon Corina , Hirsch Sivane , Amiraux Valérie , Tardif-Grenier Kristel
Published: February 2020

Le climat d’une école résulte des relations continues entre les individus qui la composent. Dans les milieux où la diversité ethnoculturelle est très présente, ces relations entre les acteurs contribuent donc nécessairement à la construction du climat. Il n’existe toutefois aucune définition claire du climat scolaire interculturel. Une telle définition est pourtant nécessaire, tant pour mieux comprendre les normes, les valeurs, les croyances et les échanges qui existent entre les acteurs issus de la diversité au sein d’un milieu que pour identifier les pratiques qui sont ou qui devraient être mises en place par l’école pour soutenir la réussite de tous les élèves. S’inscrivant dans une perspective interculturelle et inclusive, nous visons dans un premier temps à combler les limites actuelles des écrits scientifiques en proposant une définition théorique du climat scolaire interculturel qui prévaut dans les écoles. Cette définition comporte cinq dimensions, soit 1) l’engagement de l’école en faveur d’une culture d’équité et d’ouverture à la diversité dans les rapports avec les élèves, les familles et la collectivité, 2) le statut et la légitimité des cultures et des langues d’origine dans les pratiques en classe et dans les normes et les règlements des établissements, 3) les attitudes du personnel à l’égard des élèves et des familles d’origines diverses et de la diversité en général, 4) la qualité des relations interculturelles entre les élèves et le personnel d’origines diverses et, enfin, 5) le soutien de l’école à la construction identitaire des jeunes issus de la diversité. Dans un second temps, nous présentons un portrait des rares liens documentés entre ces différentes facettes du climat scolaire interculturel et la réussite éducative des élèves.
Expériences de la stigmatisation en lien avec la santé mentale chez des jeunes de trois communautés au Nouveau-Brunswick
Authors: Tranchant Carole C. , Iancu Penelopia , Dubé Anik , Bourdon Laure , Clair Lacey , Doucet Danielle , Dezetter Anne , Robichaud Sophie , Malchow Julie , Joachin Aduel , Beaton Ann M.
Published: February 2020

Cette étude vise à comprendre comment les jeunes recourant à des services en santé mentale (SM) perçoivent la stigmatisation en SM et comment cela a été vécu durant leur parcours de soins et de rétablissement. Des groupes de discussion avec 25 jeunes ont été réalisés dans trois communautés (autochtone dans une région isolée, francophone rurale et anglophone urbaine). L’analyse thématique révèle que leurs expériences de la stigmatisation sont marquées par diverses formes de discrédit et par le traitement différentiel déshumanisant qui les conduit à rechercher des alternatives non stigmatisantes et comblant mieux leurs besoins. Ainsi, ces jeunes orientent activement leurs parcours de soins en SM selon la stigmatisation perçue. D’importantes nuances socioculturelles ont également été identifiées quant aux expériences et stratégies des jeunes et éléments favorisant ou atténuant la stigmatisation. Leurs perspectives sont riches d’enseignements pour déstigmatiser les services de SM pour les jeunes de différents groupes culturels.
Les enjeux d’une professionnalisation axée sur le « spirituel »
Authors: Cherblanc Jacques , Risdon Marie-Anne
Published: February 2020

Le service d’animation spirituelle et d’engagement communautaire existe depuis 2001. Il remplace l’animation pastorale scolaire et a pour but de favoriser le développement spirituel et l’engagement communautaire de chaque élève, quelle que soit son appartenance ou non à une confession religieuse. Cet article présente l’historique ayant conduit à l’élaboration de ce service ainsi que les interrogations professionnelles actuelles de ses intervenants. Ces interrogations sont basées sur une prise de conscience de la grande diversité des personnes qui offrent ce service, diversité dans leur formation, mais aussi dans leur compréhension du sens des termes définissant leur travail. Oeuvrant aujourd’hui à une professionnalisation qu’ils jugent essentielle à leur survie même, ils utilisent des stratégies professionnelles qui apparaissent toutefois peu conformes à leur réalité et à leur pouvoir. Cet article souhaite montrer la pertinence de changer de perspective soit de ne plus concevoir leur profession à partir des paradigmes fonctionnalistes ou conflictualistes, ni de l’ancrer dans le volet « engagement communautaire », mais plutôt d’adopter un point de vue interactionniste, et que celui-ci soit axé autour du volet « spirituel ».
Configurations d’un espace d’alliance thérapeutique et de négociation du soin, entre un adolescent malade chronique, ses parents et des soignants
Authors: Janner-Raimondi Martine , Bedoin Diane , Baeza Carole
Published: February 2020

Cet article vise à obtenir une vision qualitative fine de la maladie chronique adolescente et de ses problématiques spécifiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons élaboré une démarche de recherche expérientielle en première personne portant sur des événements jugés significatifs du parcours de soin. Les résultats de cette recherche permettent notamment d’identifier des espaces de configuration au plan du soutien à la parentalité, de l’alliance thérapeutique et de la négociation du soin entre adolescents, parents et professionnels. Cet article s’appuie sur six entretiens réalisés auprès de trois soignants autour des questions suivantes : Quel(s) espace(s) co-construire avec l’adolescent en crise ou en rupture ou avec les parents qui sont en souffrance ? Quelle posture adopter, en tant que soignants, afin d’éviter ou de retarder la chronicisation ?
Embryonic geometry underlies phenotypic variation in decanalized conditions
Authors: Huang Anqi , Rupprecht Jean-François , Saunders Timothy E
Published: February 2020

During development, many mutations cause increased variation in phenotypic outcomes, a phenomenon termed decanalization. Phenotypic discordance is often observed in the absence of genetic and environmental variations, but the mechanisms underlying such inter-individual phenotypic discordance remain elusive. Here, using the anterior-posterior (AP) patterning of the Drosophila embryo, we identified embryonic geometry as a key factor predetermining patterning outcomes under decanalizing mutations. With the wild-type AP patterning network, we found that AP patterning is robust to variations in embryonic geometry; segmentation gene expression remains reproducible even when the embryo aspect ratio is artificially reduced by more than twofold. In contrast, embryonic geometry is highly predictive of individual patterning defects under decanalized conditions of either increased bicoid (bcd) dosage or bcd knockout. We showed that the phenotypic discordance can be traced back to variations in the gap gene expression, which is rendered sensitive to the geometry of the embryo under mutations.
Lack of recovery of the long-spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum Philippi in Puerto Rico 33 years after the Caribbean-wide mass mortality
Authors: Tuohy Evan , Wade Christina , Weil Ernesto
Published: February 2020

Caribbean populations of the long-spined black sea urchin Diadema antillarum Philippi were decimated by a disease-induced mass mortality in the early 1980’s. The present study provides an updated status of the D. antillarum recovery and population characteristics in La Parguera Natural Reserve, Puerto Rico. The last detailed study to assess population recovery in 2001, indicated a slow, and modest recovery, albeit densities remained far below pre-mass mortality levels. Population densities were assessed along three depth intervals in six reef localities and one depth in three lagoonal sea-grass mounds using ten 20 m2 (10 × 2 m) belt-transects at each depth interval. Most of these were previously surveyed in 2001. All individuals encountered along the belt transects were sized in situ with calipers and rulers to characterize the size (age) structure of each population and get insight into the urchin’s population dynamics and differences across localities in the area. Habitat complexity (rugosity) was assessed in all depth intervals. No significant differences in population densities between reef zones (inner shelf and mid-shelf) were observed, but significantly higher densities were found on shallow habitats (<5 m depth; 2.56 ± 1.6 ind/m2) compared to intermediate (7–12 m; 0.47 ± 0.8 ind/m2) and deep (>12 m; 0.04 ± 0.08 ind/m2) reef habitats in almost all sites surveyed. Habitat complexity had the greatest effect on population densities at all levels (site, zone and depth) with more rugose environments containing significantly higher densities and wider size structures. Comparison between survey years revealed that D. antillarum populations have not increased since 2001, and urchins seem to prefer shallower, more complex and productive areas of the reef. Populations were dominated by medium to large (5–9 cm in test diameter) individuals and size-frequency distributions indicated that smaller juveniles were virtually absent compared to 2001, which could reflect a recruitment-limited population and explain in part, the lack of increase in population densities. The limited temporal scale of this study, high horizontal movement of individuals along the complex, shallower reef and inshore habitats could also explain the general decline in mean densities. Other extrinsic factors affecting reproductive output and/or succesful recruitment and survival of juveniles likely contribute to the high variablility in population densities observed over time.
The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi City, China
Authors: Xing Pengjie , Xu Yang , Gao Tingting , Li Guanlin , Zhou Jijiang , Xie Mengle , Ji Ruiqing
Published: February 2020

Background

Most species of the Russulaceae are ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which are widely distributed in different types of forest ecology and drive important ecological and economic functions. Little is known about the composition variation of the Russulaceae fungal community aboveground and in the root and soil during the growing season (June–October) from a Quercus mongolica forest. In this study, we investigated the changes in the composition of the Russulaceae during the growing season of this type of forest in Wudalianchi City, China.

Methods

To achieve this, the Sanger sequencing method was used to identify the Russulaceae aboveground, and the high-throughput sequencing method was used to analyze the species composition of the Russulaceae in the root and soil. Moreover, we used the Pearson correlation analysis, the redundancy analysis and the multivariate linear regression analysis to analyze which factors significantly affected the composition and distribution of the Russulaceae fungal community.

Results

A total of 56 species of Russulaceae were detected in the Q. mongolica forest, which included 48 species of Russula, seven species of Lactarius, and one species of Lactifluus. Russula was the dominant group. During the growing season, the sporocarps of Russula appeared earlier than those of Lactarius. The number of species aboveground exhibited a decrease after the increase and were significantly affected by the average monthly air temperature (r = −0.822, p = 0.045), average monthly relative humidity (r = −0.826, p = 0.043), monthly rainfall (r = 0.850, p = 0.032), soil moisture (r = 0.841, p = 0.036) and soil organic matter (r = 0.911, p = 0.012). In the roots and soils under the Q. mongolica forest, the number of species did not show an apparent trend. The number of species from the roots was the largest in September and the lowest in August, while those from the soils were the largest in October and the lowest in June. Both were significantly affected by the average monthly air temperature (r2 = 0.6083, p = 0.040) and monthly rainfall (r2 = 0.6354, p = 0.039). Moreover, the relative abundance of Russula and Lactarius in the roots and soils showed a linear correlation with the relative abundance of the other fungal genera.
The effect of hepatopancreas homogenate of the Red king crab on HA-based filler
Authors: Ponomareva Tatyana , Sliadovskii Dmitrii , Timchenko Maria , Molchanov Maxim , Timchenko Alexander , Sogorin Evgeny
Published: February 2020

In this study, several methods were used to analyze the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based cosmetic fillers by the hepatopancreas homogenate of the Red king crab. The results show that the homogenate and commercially available hyaluronidases have similar hydrolysis activities on the fillers. Atomic force microscopy images reveal that the HA fillers consist mainly of spherical-like particles, which are converted into filamentous structures as a result of hydrolysis by the Red king crab hepatopancreas homogenate. Turbidimetric analysis of the hydrolysis process shows that HA aggregation with acidic albumin exhibits a bell-shaped dependence on reaction time. Analysis of the hydrolysis process by nuclear magnetic resonance shows that HA degradation lasts several days. The maximum rate of the reaction is detected in the 1st h of incubation. The data confirm that the purified homogenate of the Red king crab hepatopancreas exerts hyaluronidase activity on HA-based cosmetic fillers; therefore, it may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for treating filler complications.
Proximate composition determination in goat cheese whey by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
Authors: Galdino Isadora Kaline Camelo Pires de Oliveira , Salles Hévila Oliveira , dos Santos Karina Maria Olbrich , Veras Germano , Alonso Buriti Flávia Carolina
Published: February 2020

Background

In Brazil, over the last few years there has been an increase in the production and consumption of goat cheeses. In addition, there was also a demand to create options to use the whey extracted during the production of cheeses. Whey can be used as an ingredient in the development of many products. Therefore, knowing its composition is a matter of utmost importance, considering that the reference methods of food analysis require time, trained labor and expensive reagents for its execution.

Methods

Goat whey samples produced in winter and summer were submitted to proximate composition analysis (moisture, total solids, ashes, proteins, fat and carbohydrates by difference) using reference methods and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The spectral data was preprocessed by baseline correction and the Savitzky–Golay derivative. The models were built using Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) with raw and preprocessed data for each dependent variable (proximate composition parameter).

Results

The average whey composition values obtained using the referenced methods were in accordance with the consulted literature. The composition did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the summer and winter whey samples. The PLSR models were made available using the following figures of merit: coefficients of determination of the calibration and prediction models (R2cal and R2pred, respectively) and the Root Mean Squared Error Calibration and Prediction (RMSEC and RMSEP, respectively). The best models used raw data for fat and protein determinations and the values obtained by NIRS for both parameters were consistent with their referenced methods. Consequently, NIRS can be used to determine fat and protein in goat whey.
Potassium Nitrate in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Zamani Payman , Shah Sanjiv J. , Cohen Jordana B. , Zhao Manyun , Yang Wei , Afable Jessica L. , Caturla Maria , Maynard Hannah , Pourmussa Bianca , Demastus Cassandra , Mohanty Ipsita , Miyake Michelle Menon , Adusumalli Srinath , Margulies Kenneth B. , Prenner Stuart B. , Poole David C. , Wilson Neil , Reddy Ravinder , Townsend Raymond R. , Ischiropoulos Harry , Cappola Thomas P. , Chirinos Julio A.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Nitric oxide deficiency may contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Prior pilot studies have shown improvements in exercise tolerance with single-dose and short-term inorganic nitrate administration.

Objective

To assess the impact of chronic inorganic nitrate administration on exercise tolerance in a larger trial of participants with HFpEF.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter randomized double-blinded crossover trial was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Northwestern University between October 2016 and July 2022. Participants included patients with symptomatic (New York Heart Association class II/III) HFpEF who had objective signs of elevated left ventricular filling pressures. Image quantification, physiological data modeling and biochemical measurements, unblinding, and statistical analyses were completed in 2024.

Intervention

Potassium nitrate (KNO3) (6 mmol 3 times daily) vs equimolar doses of potassium chloride (KCl) for 6 weeks, each with a 1-week washout in between.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

The coprimary end points included peak oxygen uptake and total work performed during a maximal effort incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test. Secondary end points included the exercise systemic vasodilatory reserve (ie, reduction in systemic vascular resistance with exercise) and quality of life assessed using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire.

Results

Eighty-four participants were enrolled. Median age was 68 years and 58 participants were women (69.0%). Most participants had NYHA class II disease (69%) with a mean 6-minute walk distance of 335.5 (SD, 97.3) m. Seventy-seven participants received the KNO3 intervention and 74 received the KCl intervention. KNO3 increased trough levels of serum nitric oxide metabolites after 6 weeks (KNO3, 418.4 [SD, 26.9] uM vs KCl, 40.1 [SD, 28.3] uM; P < .001). KNO3 did not improve peak oxygen uptake (KNO3, 10.23 [SD, 0.43] mL/min/kg vs KCl, 10.17 [SD, 0.43] mL/min/kg; P = .73) or total work performed (KNO3, 25.9 [SD, 3.65] kilojoules vs KCl, 23.63 [SD, 3.63] kilojoules; P = .29). KNO3 nitrate did not improve the vasodilatory reserve or quality of life, though it was well-tolerated.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, potassium nitrate did not improve aerobic capacity, total work, or quality of life in participants with HFpEF.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02840799
GOLD COPD Exacerbation History Categories and Disease Outcomes
Authors: Waeijen-Smit Kiki , Peerlings Daphne E. M. , Jörres Rudolf A. , Watz Henrik , Bals Robert , Rabe Klaus F. , Vogelmeier Claus F. , Speicher Tim , Spruit Martijn A. , Simons Sami O. , Houben-Wilke Sarah , Franssen Frits M. E. , Alter Peter
Published: December 2024

Importance

Previous exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) are associated with future events. For more than a decade, patients at high risk have been defined as individuals with a history of 2 or more moderate ECOPD, 1 or more severe ECOPD, or both within 12 months, and treatments have been allocated accordingly, but these cutoffs lack validation.

Objectives

To validate ECOPD history categories by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and explore alternative cutoffs to estimate moderate and severe ECOPD and all-cause mortality in COPD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study analyzed data from patients with COPD in the German COPD and Systemic Consequences-Comorbidities Network (COSYCONET) study. Patients were recruited from September 2010 to December 2013. Analyses were conducted in September 2023 to August 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Risk of moderate and severe (ie, with hospitalization) ECOPD and all-cause mortality over a 4.5-year follow-up period were assessed using binomial logistic regressions and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) with 95% CIs.

Results

Among 2291 patients with COPD GOLD categories 1 to 4 (mean [SD] age, 65 [8] years; 1396 male [60.9%]), the mean (SD) estimated forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration was 52.5% (18.6%). ECOPD history categories by GOLD had an AUROC of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.60-0.65) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.58-0.66) to estimate moderate and severe ECOPD, respectively. A single previous moderate ECOPD within 12 months more accurately estimated future moderate and severe ECOPD (AUROC, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.64-0.69), and in line with GOLD, 1 previous severe ECOPD within 12 months estimated moderate and severe ECOPD (AUROC, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.60-0.67). The 4-year mortality rate was 219 patients (9.6%). Patients with 3 or more previous moderate ECOPD (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.27-3.72) or 1 or more previous severe ECOPD (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.29-1.91) within 12 months were more likely to die compared with patients without prior ECOPD.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study’s findings suggest a limited estimative performance of ECOPD history categories by GOLD. Novel cutoffs were suggested, categorizing patients as without exacerbations or with high-risk exacerbations based on a history of 1 or more moderate ECOPD, 1 or more severe ECOPD, or both within 12 months.
Potential Policy Targets to Reduce Vaping Among Youths
Authors: Brouwer Andrew F. , Hartmann-Boyce Jamie , Friedman Abigail S.
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study uses Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study data to estimate the association between different policy targets and electronic nicotine delivery system use among US youths compared with adults.
Powder Metallurgy and Additive Manufacturing of High‐Nitrogen Alloyed FeCr(Si)N Stainless Steel
Authors: Becker Louis , Radtke Felix , Lentz Jonathan , Benito Santiago , Broeckmann Christoph , Weber Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Nitrogen, as an alloying element in stainless steels, is valued for its ability to enhance strength, corrosion resistance, and its strong austenite‐stabilizing effect. Compared to other elements like nickel and manganese, nitrogen is more accessible, biocompatible, and cost‐effective, making it ideal for sustainable and economical austenitic stainless steel production. This study explores a powder metallurgical approach to produce an austenitic stainless steel based on the FeCr(Si)N alloy system. A powder mixture of Fe20Cr and Si3N4 is hot isostatically pressed (HIP), dissolving Si3N4 and enriching the matrix with nitrogen. While a primarily austenitic microstructure is formed, small martensitic regions appear due to localized silicon segregation (lower austenite stability). The same powder mixture was used in the laser powder bed fusion (PBF‐LB/M) process to manufacture shell–core samples. In this method, a partially powdered core is encased by a dense shell, with subsequent HIP ensuring full compaction and dissolution of the remaining Si3N4 particles in the powdered regions. However, an Si3N4 decomposition reaction during PBF‐LB/M results in nitrogen loss, leading to a martensitic–ferritic microstructure instead of an austenitic one. Optimization strategies to achieve an austenitic FeCr(Si)N microstructure also in the PBF‐LB/M process, which is particularly relevant for medical technology, are presented.
White matter free water mediates the associations between placental growth factor, white matter hyperintensities, and cognitive status
Authors: Kern Kyle C. , Vohra Manu , Thirion Marissa L. , Wang Danny J. J. , Wilcock Donna M. , Thompson Jeffrey F. , Rosenberg Gary A. , Sagare Abhay , Moghekar Abhay , Lu Hanzhang , Lee Tiffany , Elahi Fanny M. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Tracy Russell , Seshadri Sudha , Schwab Kristin , Helmer Karl , Singh Herpreet , Kivisäkk Pia , Greenberg Steven M. , Vossel Keith , Kramer Joel H. , Maillard Pauline , DeCarli Charles S. , Hinman Jason D.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Placental growth factor (PlGF) may regulate cerebrovascular permeability. We hypothesized that white matter interstitial fluid accumulation, estimated via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) free water (FW), would explain the associations between elevated PlGF, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and cognitive impairment.

METHODS

MarkVCID consortium participants ≥55 years old with plasma PlGF and brain MRI were included. We tested cross‐sectionally whether FW mediated the associations between PlGF and WMH, or PlGF and cognition, measured using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale and an executive function (EF) composite (Uniform Data Set version 3 [UDS3]‐EF).

RESULTS

For 370 participants (mean age 72), a higher PlGF was associated with higher FW, higher WMH, and higher CDR, but not UDS3‐EF. Higher FW was associated with higher WMH, higher CDR, and lower UDS3‐EF. FW explained 26% of the association between PlGF and CDR and 73% of the association between PlGF and WMH.

DISCUSSION

Elevated PlGF may contribute to WMH and cognitive impairment through white matter FW accumulation.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

NCT06284213

Highlights

PlGF is a promising blood‐based biomarker for vascular cognitive impairment.

In MarkVCID, higher PlGF was associated with accumulated white matter FW on MRI.

FW mediated the association between higher PlGF and MRI‐visible white matter injury.

FW mediated the association between PlGF and worse CDR scale.

PlGF may contribute to cognitive dysfunction via accumulated interstitial fluid.
Dynamic Pricing Strategy for Imitative and Habit‐Forming Customers
Authors: Chen Wen
Published: December 2024

This study employs finite‐horizon dynamic programming to examine markets with imitative and habit‐forming (IH) customers. Our findings indicate that optimal pricing and base demand increase as the number of customers who exhibit imitative and habit‐forming behaviors grows. Additionally, we analyze the impact of various stochastic parameters on optimal pricing, revealing that retailers should reduce prices when the variability among IH customers increases and raise prices when the average number of such customers rises. Notably, we challenge the conventional belief that greater uncertainty reduces profits, demonstrating that higher additive variability among IH customers can unexpectedly enhance profitability. These findings offer valuable insights for retailers into optimal pricing strategies for markets with imitative and habit‐forming customers, potentially aiding businesses in achieving growth and profitability.
Interventional Treatment of Acute Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Infectious Endocarditis: A Bridge to Surgical or Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Replacement
Authors: Callegari Alessia , Albertini Mathieu , Reverdito Guillaume , Bonnet Damien , Malekzadeh‐Milani Sophie
Published: December 2024

Background

Infective endocarditis (IE) poses significant risks following percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) or surgical replacement (PVR).

Aims

This study evaluates the effectiveness of emergency percutaneous treatment in stabilizing patients with severe right ventricular dysfunction or obstructive cardiac shock, allowing for delayed surgical or percutaneous valve replacement.

Methods

This retrospective study examines 16 patients (age 19.9 [15.1–43.3] years) with right‐sided IE treated with primary percutaneous intervention. Data collected included cardiac diagnosis, valve types, pathogens identified, procedural details, and outcomes.

Results

Underlying diagnoses included aortic valve stenosis post‐Ross surgery (43%), repaired tetralogy of Fallot (25%), common arterial trunk (18%), and repaired double outlet right ventricle (14%). Valve types varied, with Contegra Ven‐Pro (56%) and Melody‐valve (25%) being the most common. Diagnosis of IE occurred 66.5 (28.3–87.4) months postlast intervention/surgery, with emergency percutaneous treatment performed 2 (1–17) days postdiagnosis. Clinical presentations included obstructive cardiac shock (50%) and septic shock (25%). Preintervention RVOT velocity was 4.4 (4.2–5) m/s, with severely reduced RV function in 68%. Interventions included balloon dilatation, uncovered or covered stent implantation, and Melody valve implantation. Immediate resolution of RVOT obstruction was achieved in all patients, with significant reductions in RV systolic pressures (mean reduction 42.0 (30.2–50.0) mmHg) and improved RV function. No periprocedural deaths occurred, but one complication was noted. Follow‐up included surgical repair (68%) and PPVI (18%). Mortality included one IE relapse and one surgical death.

Conclusions

Emergency percutaneous interventions can stabilize patients with RVOT obstruction due to IE, enabling delayed surgical or percutaneous interventions.
AI‐Driven Multi‐Modal Information Fusion System for Real Applications in Physical Training
Authors: Wang Yongzhi , Li Ruifang
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces an AI‐driven multi‐modal information fusion system tailored for real‐world physical training applications, integrating state‐of‐the‐art computer vision, deep learning, and multi‐sensor technologies. The system combines high‐precision cameras and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors to capture real‐time motion trajectories and posture data. These data are processed through convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) models for accurate movement analysis. Additionally, augmented reality (AR) provides real‐time visual feedback, while deep reinforcement learning algorithms deliver personalized training recommendations. In an 8‐week study involving 100 high school students, the system improved movement accuracy by 23% and received a 4.6/5 user satisfaction rating. Although challenges remain in optimizing computational efficiency and user interface design, the system's modular and scalable nature makes it an adaptable solution for enhancing physical training across educational, home, and professional settings.