bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portais do conhecimento de universidades: um quadro referencial para avaliação de potencial semântico | University knowledge gateways: a reference framework for assessment of semantic potential
Authors: Guedes Josefina Aparecida Soares , Strauhs Faimara Do Rocio
Published: June 2016

RESUMO Os modelos tradicionais de recuperação da informação utilizados na web são inadequados para uma busca efetiva e rápida, e os resultados são, comumente, numerosos e irrelevantes. Por outro lado, os modelos baseados em ontologias e tecnologias de web semântica oferecem maior rapidez no acesso às informações com relevância dos resultados. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi propor condições mínimas necessárias para o estabelecimento de potencial semântico de portais. Um questionário foi aplicado para coletar dados da equipe técnica responsável pelos portais de universidades públicas federais brasileiras da região Sul do Brasil, a fim de identificar ferramentas e tecnologias utilizadas nos portais. Como principais resultados, apresentam-se um diagnóstico do uso da ontologia na estruturação dos portais universitários pesquisados e a proposição de um quadro de referência das condições mínimas necessárias para estabelecimento de potencial semântico dos portais.Palavras-chave: Recuperação de Informação Online; Ontologia; Web Semântica; Portal; Universidades.ABSTRACT Traditional models of information retrieval used on the web are inadequate for effective and quick search and the results are often numerous and irrelevant. On the other hand, models based on ontologies and semantic web technologies offer greater speed of access to information with relevant results. The goal of this research was to propose minimum necessary conditions for establishment of semantic potential of gateways. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the technical team responsible for homepages of federal public universities in southern Brazil, in order to identify tools and technologies used in these homepages. The main results presented were a diagnosis of ontology use in structuring the investigated university portals and the proposal of a framework containing the minimum necessary conditions to establish their semantic potential.Keywords: Online Information Systems; Management Information Systems; Information Retrieval; Ontology; Universities.
BEZERRA, Arthur Coelho. Cultura ilegal: as fronteiras morais da pirataria. Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X : Faperj, 2014. 240 p.
Authors: Borges Juliano
Published: June 2016

Resenha de livro.
Apresentação | Foreword
Authors: Dantas Marcos , Tigre Paulo Bastos
Published: June 2016

Apresentação
Desenvolvimento de Pré-Amplificador Sensível à Carga para Aplicação em Sistema de Detecção de Raios Gama
Authors: Cunha José Carlos Da , Oliveira Arno Hereem de
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema de pré-amplificação, discriminação e formatação de pulso, para adequar o pulso de carga proveniente do tubo fotomultiplicador (PMT), com um ganho de conversão de fotoelétrons em elétrons relativamente pequeno (105 - 106) utilizados para detectar eletroluminescência em detectores cintiladores. Utilizando essa configuração, o pré-amplificador pode ser montado parte na base da válvula fotomultiplicadora, parte na unidade de contagem. Construído dessa maneira, a eletrônica incorporada ao detector apresenta poucos componentes, proporcionando a construção de detectores de reduzidas dimensões. Nesta tarefa física, foram medidos a quantidade e tempo de distribuição da carga que chega do tubo fotomultiplicador em uma ampla faixa dinâmica de um sistema de detecção de radiação gama. Também foi realizado o processamento para a forma de pulso digitalizado, limitando fatores como empilhamento de pulsos, déficit balístico e recombinação de carga. A capacidade de discriminação da forma de pulso encontrada permite implementar métodos de apuramento da resolução espectral e em energia nos parâmetros requeridos para aplicações na espectrometria e tomografia nuclear em ambientes não climatizados.
Site fidelity by bees drives pollination facilitation in sequentially blooming plant species
Authors: Ogilvie Jane E. , Thomson James D.
Published: June 2016

Plant species can influence the pollination and reproductive success of coflowering neighbors that share pollinators. Because some individual pollinators habitually forage in particular areas, it is also possible that plant species could influence the pollination of neighbors that bloom later. When flowers of a preferred forage plant decline in an area, site‐fidelity may cause individual flower feeders to stay in an area and switch plant species rather than search for preferred plants in a new location. A newly blooming plant species may quickly inherit a set of visitors from a prior plant species, and therefore experience higher pollination success than it would in an area where the first species never bloomed. To test this, we manipulated the placement and timing of two plant species, Delphinium barbeyi and later‐blooming Gentiana parryi. We recorded the responses of individually marked bumble bee pollinators. About 63% of marked individuals returned repeatedly to the same areas to forage on Delphinium. When Delphinium was experimentally taken out of bloom, most of those site‐faithful individuals (78%) stayed and switched to Gentiana. Consequently, Gentiana flowers received more visits in areas where Delphinium had previously flowered, compared to areas where Delphinium was still flowering or never occurred. Gentiana stigmas received more pollen in areas where Delphinium disappeared than where it never bloomed, indicating that Delphinium increases the pollination of Gentiana when they are separated in time. Overall, we show that individual bumble bees are often site‐faithful, causing one plant species to increase the pollination of another even when separated in time, which is a novel mechanism of pollination facilitation.
Chemolithoautotrophy supports macroinvertebrate food webs and affects diversity and stability in groundwater communities
Authors: Hutchins Benjamin T. , Engel Annette Summers , Nowlin Weston H. , Schwartz Benjamin F.
Published: June 2016

The prevailing paradigm in subterranean ecology is that below‐ground food webs are simple, limited to one or two trophic levels, and composed of generalist species because of spatio‐temporally patchy food resources and pervasive energy limitation. This paradigm is based on relatively few studies of easily accessible, air‐filled caves. However, in some subterranean ecosystems, chemolithoautotrophy can subsidize or replace surface‐based allochthonous inputs of photosynthetically derived organic matter (OM) as a basal food resource and promote niche specialization and evolution of higher trophic levels. Consequently, the current subterranean trophic paradigm fails to account for variation in resources, trophic specialization, and food chain length in some subterranean ecosystems. We reevaluated the subterranean food web paradigm by examining spatial variation in the isotopic composition of basal food resources and consumers, food web structure, stygobiont species diversity, and chromophoric organic matter (CDOM), across a geochemical gradient in a large and complex groundwater system, the Edwards Aquifer in Central Texas (USA). Mean δ13C values of stygobiont communities become increasingly more negative along the gradient of photosynthetic OM sources near the aquifer recharge zone to chemolithoautotrophic OM sources closer to the freshwater‐saline water interface (FWSWI) between oxygenated freshwater and anoxic, sulfide‐rich saline water. Stygobiont community species richness declined with increasing distance from the FWSWI. Bayesian mixing models were used to estimate the relative importance of photosynthetic OM and chemolithoautotrophic OM for stygobiont communities at three biogeochemically distinct sites. The contribution of chemolithoautotrophic OM to consumers at these sites ranged between 25% and 69% of total OM utilized and comprised as much as 88% of the diet for one species. In addition, the food web adjacent to the FWSWI had greater trophic diversity when compared to the other two sites. Our results suggest that diverse OM sources and in situ, chemolithoautotrophic OM production can support complex groundwater food webs and increase species richness. Chemolithoautotrophy has been fundamental for the long‐term maintenance of species diversity, trophic complexity, and community stability in this subterranean ecosystem, especially during periods of decreased photosynthetic production and groundwater recharge that have occurred over geologic time scales.
Suppression of savanna ants alters invertebrate composition and influences key ecosystem processes
Authors: Parr C. L. , Eggleton P. , Davies A. B. , Evans T. A. , Holdsworth S.
Published: June 2016

In almost every ecosystem, ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are the dominant terrestrial invertebrate group. Their functional value was highlighted by Wilson (1987) who famously declared that invertebrates are the “little things that run the world.” However, while it is generally accepted that ants fulfil important functions, few studies have tested these assumptions and demonstrated what happens in their absence. We report on a novel large‐scale field experiment in undisturbed savanna habitat where we examined how ants influence the abundance of other invertebrate taxa in the system, and affect the key processes of decomposition and herbivory. Our experiment demonstrated that ants suppressed the abundance and activity of beetles, millipedes, and termites, and also influenced decomposition rates and levels of herbivory. Our study is the first to show that top‐down control of termites by ants can have important ecosystem consequences. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects ant communities have on other aspects of the ecosystem (e.g., soils, nutrient cycling, the microbial community) and how their relative importance for ecosystem function varies among ecosystem types (e.g., savanna vs. forest).
Reposicionamiento del Barrio del Artista para aumentar su valor cultural-artístico en Puebla, México
Authors: Acle-Mena Ramón Sebastián , Villalobos-Abrego Carolina , Herrera-López Beatriz
Published: June 2016

El objetivo general del presente trabajo fue determinar la correlación del reposicionamiento del Barrio del Artista para aumentar su valor cultural-artístico en Puebla, México. La investigación se realizó dentro de un enfoque mercadológico. Los resultados que se presentan corresponden a un estudio empírico sobre el reposicionamiento del Barrio del Artista, usando un enfoque cuantitativo y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, logrando la aplicación de los factores que componen el posicionamiento para determinar la relación entre el reposicionamiento del Barrio del Artista y el aumento de su valor cultural artístico en Puebla. Para la presente investigación se utilizaron de forma práctica los conceptos novedosos de mercadotecnia y posicionamiento.
O Brasil na hora de ler Maquiavel: notas sobre a primeira edição brasileira d’O príncipe, traduzido por Elias Davidovich
Authors: Bagno Sandra
Published: June 2016

- O estudo da recepção das obras e ideias de Maquiavel no Brasil revela que, somente na década de 1930, foi publicado, pela primeira vez no âmbito da lusofonia, O príncipe. No entanto, desde o Quinhentos, na Europa, e apesar de sua inserção em 1559 no Index dos livros proibidos, a obra vinha sendo publicada e circulava de várias maneiras. Longe de aproveitar-se da possibilidade de fazer jus — depois de quase quatro séculos — ao fundador da ciência política moderna, a tradução de 1933, proposta pela editora carioca Calvino Filho, é apresentada por um prefácio de Mauricio de Medeiros. Mesmo engajado na luta para a liberdade e contra o autoritarismo de Getúlio Vargas, seu prefácio, analisado pelo viés paratextual, revela-se destinado a reafirmar, ainda no século XX, a tradicional interpretação da obra maquiaveliana, imposta, a partir dos níveis linguístico e lexicográfico, pelos (não propriamente libertários) inquisidores portugueses.
O trabalho do historiador: pesquisar, resumir, comunicar
Authors: Levi Giovanni
Published: June 2016

Aula ministrada por Giovanni Levi como convidado do programa Escola de Altos Estudos/Capes, em convênio do Programa de Pós-graduação em História (PPGH) da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) e do Programa de Pós-graduação em História Social (PPGHIS) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ).
A mesma independência: a atuação pública de um unitário pernambucano (1822–1823)
Authors: Feldman Ariel
Published: June 2016

Neste artigo, é analisada a atuação pública do Frei Miguel do Sacramento Lopes Gama na imprensa perió- dica entre 1822 e 1823. Os escritos jornalísticos de Frei Miguel procuraram construir o ideário de que, desfeita a unidade do Reino de Portugal e Brasil, a soberania passaria a uma nova unidade política, o Brasil. Conhecido nas províncias do norte como projeto do Rio de Janeiro, esse ideário lançou as bases de uma concepção de nação, prevendo poderes provinciais bastante reduzidos se comparados com o período anterior, o da vigência do constitucionalismo vintista
As mil faces do racismo
Authors: Vainfas Ronaldo
Published: June 2016

Resenha
A Dual-Grid Method for the Upscaling of Solid-Based Thermal Reactive Flow, With Application to the In-Situ Conversion Process
Authors: Li Hangyu , Vink Jeroen C. , Alpak Faruk O.
Published: June 2016

Thermal-reactive compositional-flow simulation in porous media is essential to model thermal-oil-recovery processes for extraheavy-hydrocarbon resources, and an example is the in-situ conversion process (ICP) developed by Shell for oil-shale production. Computational costs can be very high for such a complex system, which makes direct fine-scale simulations prohibitively time-consuming for large field-scale applications. This motivates the use of coarse grids for thermal-reactive compositional-flow simulation. However, significant errors are introduced by use of coarse-scale models without carefully computing the appropriate coarse parameters. In this paper, we develop an innovative dual-grid method to effectively capture the fine-scale reaction rates in coarse-scale ICP-simulation models. In our dual-grid method, coupled thermal-reactive compositional-flow equations are solved only on the coarse scale, with the kinetic parameters (frequency factors) calculated on the basis of fine-scale computations, such as temperature downscaling and fine-scale reaction-rate calculation. A dual-grid treatment for the heater-well model is also developed with coarse-scale heater-well indices calculated on the basis of fine-scale well results. The dual-grid heater-well treatment is able to provide accurate heater temperatures. The newly developed dual-grid method is applied to realistic cross-sectional ICP-pattern models with a vertical production well and multiple horizontal heater wells operated subject to fixed and time-varying heater powers. It is shown that the dual-grid model delivers results that are in close agreement with the fine-scale reference results for all quantities of interest. Despite the fact that the dual-grid method is implemented at the simulation-deck level, by use of the flexible scripting and monitor functionalities of our proprietary simulation package, significant computational improvements are achieved for all cases considered.
How Much Polymer Should Be Injected During a Polymer Flood? Review of Previous and Current Practices
Authors: Seright R. S.
Published: June 2016

This paper provides an extensive review of the polymer concentrations, viscosities, and bank sizes used during existing and previous polymer floods. On average, these values have been substantially greater during the past 25 years than during the first 30 years of polymer-flooding field activity. Reasons for the changes are discussed. Even with current floods, a broad range of polymer viscosities are injected, with substantial variations from a base-case design procedure. Extensive discussions with operators and designers of current polymer floods revealed substantial differences of opinion for the optimum design of polymer floods. This paper examines the validity of arguments that are commonly given to justify deviations from the base-case design. For applications involving viscous oils (e.g., 1,000 cp), the designed polymer viscosities have sometimes been underestimated because of insufficient water injection while determining relative permeabilities; reliance on mobility ratios at a calculated shock front; and overestimation of polymer resistance factors and residual resistance factors. In homogeneous reservoirs, the ratio of produced-oil value to injected-fluid cost is fairly insensitive to injected-polymer viscosity (up to the viscosity predicted by the base-case method), especially at low oil prices. However, reservoir heterogeneity and economics of scale associated with the polymer-dissolution equipment favor high polymer viscosities over low polymer viscosities, if injectivity is not limiting.

Injection above the formation-parting pressure and fracture extension are crucial to achieving acceptable injectivity for many polymer floods, especially those using vertical injectors. Under the proper circumstances, this process can increase fluid injectivity, oil productivity, and reservoir-sweep efficiency, and also reduce the risk of mechanical degradation for polyacrylamide solutions. The key is to understand the degree of fracture extension for a given set of injection conditions so that fractures do not extend out of the target zone or cause severe channeling. Many field cases exist with no evidence that fractures caused severe polymer channeling or breaching of the reservoir seals, in spite of injection above the formation-parting pressure.

Although at least one case exists (Daqing, China) where injection of very-viscous polymer solutions (i.e., more viscous than the base-case design) reduced Sor to less than that for waterflooding, our understanding of when and how this occurs is in its infancy. At this point, use of polymers to reduce Sor must be investigated experimentally on a case-by-case basis.

A “one-size-fits-all” formula cannot be expected for the optimum bank size. However, experience and technical considerations favor use of the largest practical polymer bank. Although graded banks are commonly used or planned in field applications, more work is needed to demonstrate their utility and to identify the most-appropriate design procedure.
Expansão da Educação Superior no MERCOSUL: análise do cenário brasileiro, as possibilidades trazidas pela educação a distância e a relevância de bases curriculares transnacionais
Authors: Sahb Warlley Ferreira , Almeida Fernando José de
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho realiza uma análise da atual política de integração educacional da América do Sul a partir da conjuntura brasileira, por intermédio da verificação do alargamento da oferta de vagas no ensino superior no Brasil e da análise das ações do Setor Educacional do MERCOSUL (SEM). Aponta, ainda, a  potencialidade que os recursos das tecnologias aplicadas à educação e da educação a distância podem ter nesse processo. Para isso, realizou se o cotejamento com o processo de expansão da educação superior na Europa, a partir do Processo de Bolonha e com ações mais recentes neste movimento, como a apresentação do conceito de Mobilidade Virtual (MV) como estratégia para o alcance do objetivo de realizar uma educação transfronteiriça com o apoio da educação a distância. Defende-se também, à guisa de conclusão, que a construção de experiências de bases curriculares transnacionais funcionaria como articuladora dos conhecimentos e das culturas produzidas na América Latina e promotoras de políticas de integração e desenvolvimento regionais.
Gestão democrática na Educação Infantil: uma análise da RBPAE no período de 2000 a 2012
Authors: Silveira Telma Aparecida Teles Martins , Araújo Caroline Silva
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho analisa as concepções de gestão na Educação Infantil, especialmente a democrática, tendo por referência os artigos produzidos na Revista Brasileira de Política e Administração da Educação (RBPAE) no período de 2000 a 2012. É possível afirmar que os estudos sobre gestão educacional privilegiaram como temática o Ensino Fundamental, o Ensino Médio e o Ensino Superior, o que nos permite dizer que a Educação Infantil ainda ocupa lugar marginal nas discussões do campo da gestão. Além disso, a produção analisada não apresenta discussão aprofundada sobre a gestão democrática nas creches e pré-escolas.
Simultaneous removal of Ni(II) and fluoride from a real flue gas desulfurization wastewater by electrocoagulation using Fe/C/Al electrode
Authors: Liu Shinian , Ye Xiaokun , He Kuang , Chen Yuancai , Hu Yongyou
Published: June 2016

Large amounts of anions and heavy metals coexist in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater originating from coal-fired power plants, which cause serious environmental pollution. Electrocoagulation (EC) with Fe/C/Al hybrid electrodes was investigated for the separation of fluoride and nickel ions from a FGD wastewater. The study mainly focused on the technology parameters including anode electrode type, time, inter-electrode distance (5–40 mm), current density (1.88–6.25 mA/cm2) and initial pH (4–10). The results showed that favorable nickel and fluoride removal were obtained by increasing the time and current density, but this led to an increase in energy consumption. Eighty-six percent of fluoride and 98% of Ni(II) were removed by conducting the Fe/C/Al EC with a current density of 5.00 mA/cm2 and inter-electrode distance of 5 mm at pH 4 for 25 min and energy consumption was 1.33 kWh/m3. Concomitant pollutants also achieved excellent treatment efficiency. The Hg, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cu, SS and chemical oxygen demand were reduced by 90%, 89%, 92%, 88%, 98%, 99.9% and 89%, respectively, which met stringent environmental regulations.
A Genetic Algorithm with Zooming for the Determination of the Optimal Open Pit Mines Layout
Authors: Milani Gabriele
Published: June 2016

A Genetic Algorithm (GA) with nested zooming strategy is proposed for the determination of the optimal open pit mine design.

Different genetic procedures are applied to increase robustness, namely two typologies of admissible mutations for the elite sub-population subjected to zooming and mutation and reproduction for the remaining individuals. In order to further improve convergence rate, a user-defined population percentage, depending on individuals fitness, is replaced with new phenotypes, enforcing chromosomic renewal.

Several comparisons with (traditionally used) dynamic programming approaches are provided both for 2D and 3D open pit mines. Both small and large scale mines are analyzed, to benchmark the code in presence of several variables.

Results show that the procedure proposed requires a very limited computational effort, both for challenging problems with several variables and when a micro-GA (populations with few individuals) is adopted for small scale problems.
An Attempt to Reduce Materials Cost of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Production
Authors: Wang Zhijuan , Song Yuanming , Li Baoling
Published: June 2016

Background:

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash contains a not insignificant amount of metallic aluminum, while circulating
fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash is rich in active SiO2.

Objective:

To reduce the materials cost of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) production, these two types of solid waste
could theoretically be used as the aerating agent and silica source, respectively.

Method:

In the present work, the metallic aluminum concentration in an MSWI bottom ash sample was determined
from hydrogen generation and this ash was used to make AAC in conjunction with CFBC fly ash.
The extent of air entrainment in the resulting AAC specimens was varied by changing the bottom ash to fly ash ratio, and the
effects of this ratio on the properties of the AAC were investigated.

Results:

Results showed that the ratio has a negligible effect on both the type and the morphology of the hydrates in the AAC, but is inversely proportional to the compressive strength, density and volume stability.

Conclusion:

This study proves that AAC having satisfactory properties can be successfully prepared from a combination of MSWI bottom ash and CFBC fly ash.
Isolation of Glomerular Podocytes by Cationic Colloidal Silica-coated Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Blutke Andreas
Published: June 2016

Background:

Podocyte homeostasis plays a crucial role for the maintenance of physiological glomerular function and podocyte injury is regarded as a major determinant of development and progression of renal
disease.

Objective:

Investigation of podocytes requires appropriate methods for their isolation. Previously reported methods use podocyte specific antibodies or transgenic mice with podocyte specific expression of fluorescent

markers for isolation of podocytes by magnetic or fluorescence activated cell sorting.

Method:

Here, a novel, antibody-free method for isolation of podocyte protein and RNA from mouse glomeruli

is described. Preparations of isolated glomeruli were added to a suspension of cationic silica-coated colloidal

ferromagnetic nanoparticles. The nanoparticles bound to the negatively charged cell surfaces of podocytes

residing on the outer surface of the isolated glomeruli. After enzymatic and mechanical dissociation of

glomerular cells, nanoparticle-coated podocytes were isolated in a magnetic field. The method was tested in

adult wild-type mice without renal lesions and in mice of two nephropathy models (Growth hormone

(GH)-transgenic mice and transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative receptor for the glucose dependent

insulinotropic polypeptide, GIPRdn) displaying albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy and evidence for a reduced

negative cell surface charge of podocytes.

Results:

The isolated cells displayed typical morphological and ultrastructural properties of podocytes. On

average, 182,000 ± 37,000 cells were counted in the podocyte isolates harvested from ~10,000-12,000 glomeruli

per mouse. On the average, the purity of podocyte isolates of these mice accounted for ~63 ± 18 % and

the podocyte isolates displayed high mRNA and protein expression abundances of podocyte markers (nephrin

and WT1), whereas the expression of endothelial (Cd31) and mesangial markers (Serpinb7) was significantly

decreased in podocyte isolates, as compared to samples of isolated glomeruli. The numbers of cells isolated from

GH- transgenic and GIPRdn-transgenic mice were not markedly different from that of wild-type mice.

Conclusion:

The described method represents an alternative for podocyte isolation, particularly in experiments where podocyte specific antibodies or transgenic animals with podocyte specific expression of fluorescent

markers are not applicable.
Modelling the Dynamics of Masonry Structures with Discrete Elements
Authors: Lemos José V.
Published: June 2016

Block models have been shown to provide a realistic representation of the behavior of many types of masonry structures under static and dynamic loads. When the strength of the units is such that movements along the joints govern the behavior, it is acceptable to make the simplifying assumption that blocks act as rigid bodies. This assumption is particularly useful when dealing with seismic problems, for which the computational times for time domain analysis may be substantial.

In this paper, the application of discrete element models for dynamic analysis of masonry structures is addressed. The emphasis is on the seismic behavior of block stone masonry, but the treatment is general to cover other types of masonry. First, the assumptions involved in the choice of a block representation are discussed, stressing in particular the case of rigid block models. Numerical issues are examined, including contact models, calculation of natural frequencies, time stepping algorithms, damping and boundary conditions.

A review is presented of modeling examples published in the literature for various types of masonry structures. The choice of numerical representation and its main features are discussed for each case.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of 1-Aryl-4-[Aryldiazenyl]-piperazines. Part II1. 1-Aryl-4-(2-Aryl-1-Diazenyl)-piperazines with Fluoro-, chloro-, Methyl-, Cyano- and Acetyl Substituents in The 1-Aryl Group
Authors: O’Malley Karen , Vaughan Keith
Published: June 2016

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of eight series of 1-aryl-4-(2-aryl-1-diazenyl)-piperazines (12 to 19). Several series of these triazenes have been synthesized by the diazotization of a primary arylamine followed by diazonium coupling with a secondary arylpiperazine . The arylpiperazines used in this study are: 1-phenylpiperazine, 1-(4-fluorophenyl-)piperazine, 1-(4-chlorophenyl-)piperazine, 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl-)piperazine, 1-(2-methylphenyl-)-piperazine, 1-(4-acetophenyl-)-piperazine, 1-(2-pyridyl-)piperazine and 2-cyanophenylpiperazine. These new triazenes (series 12-19) have been identified with a cocktail of contemporary spectroscopic techniques, notably infra-red and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, supported by high resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry.
Splenic Infarction in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Dwivedi Deepak , Singh Jyoti
Published: June 2016

Splenic involvement is frequently observed during malarial episode. This involvement may vary from simple asymptomatic splenic enlargement to serious complication such as hematoma, rupture, or infarction. Very few cases of splenic infarction in paediatric patients are reported in literature. This case report suggests that if a patient with malaria is complaining of left upper quadrant abdominal pain, and/or enlarging tender splenomegaly is observed during treatment, splenic infarct should be suspected and managed accordingly to avoid further life-threatening complications.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):298-300
Doss Porphyria (δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Porphyria) Presenting with Acute Onset Flaccid Paralysis
Authors: Singh Sandip Kumar , Gauchan Eva , Koirala Deepak Prasad , Rao KS
Published: June 2016

δ–Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase porphyria is an autosomal recessive disorder of heme synthesis resulting from deficiency of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD). Patients present with fatal neurovisceral manifestations and motor neuropathy. Here we report a patient with rapidly progressive flaccid tetraplegia with respiratory and bulbar paralysis. The importance of early diagnosis, prompt treatment and screening of relatives is stressed.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):280-282
Caffey’s Disease (Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis)
Authors: Paria Pradipprava , Halder Ramesh Chandra , Ghosh Sibarjun
Published: June 2016

Caffey's disease is a rare, self limiting condition of infancy. Most commonly mandible, clavicle and ulna are affected leading to inflammation of periosteum and overlying soft tissue. We here present an 1 year 3 month old girl with features of Caffey's disease.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):312-313
Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome with Short Stature
Authors: Khorasani Enayatollah Nemat , Mansouri Fariba
Published: June 2016

Johanson–Blizzard syndrome (JBS) is a rare, sometimes fatal autosomal recessive multisystem congenital disorder featuring abnormal development of the pancreas, nose and scalp, with mental retardation, hearing loss and growth failure. It is sometimes described as a form of ectodermal dysplasia. The disorder is especially noted for causing profound developmental errors and exocrine dysfunction of the pancreas, and it is considered to be an inherited pancreatic disease. We report a ten years Irannian child with signs and symptoms suggestive of this syndrome (JBS).J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):287-289.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Mechanically Ventilated Neonates in a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Prabina , Basnet Srijana , Shrestha Laxman
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Many sick neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) require mechanical ventilation but it is associated with various complications and the outcome of neonates is unpredictable. This study aims to identify the indications for mechanical ventilation, complications, co-morbid conditions and outcome of those neonates in terms of survival.Materials and Methods: Retrospective observational study of all neonates who underwent mechanical ventilation from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014 in NICU, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Medical records of the patients were retrieved from hospital record section to collect the relevant data.Results: One-third of admitted neonates in NICU required mechanical ventilation (MV). Commonest indication was severe respiratory distress (70%) followed by perinatal asphyxia (12%) and recurrent apnea (8%). Disease pattern were sepsis (37.2%), RDS of prematurity (17.6%), perinatal asphyxia (11.7%), meconium aspiration syndrome (9.8%), apnea of prematurity (7.8%) and congenital pneumonia (4%). Hospital acquired sepsis was a major complication occurring in 47% patients on mechanical ventilation. Survival rate among neonates on MV was 33%. Survival was better with increasing birth weight and gestational age. Survival was 100% in congenital pneumonia, 50% in perinatal asphyxia, 50% in recurrent apnea, 26% in sepsis, 20% in MAS and 0% in RDS of prematurity.Conclusion: Survival rate of neonates on mechanical ventilation in NICU was 33%. Sepsis was a major problem in NICU, which must be addressed to improve outcome.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015; 35(3): 218-223.
The Association Between Biliary Atresia and Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis
Authors: Lazim Hussam Hussain , Arif Hala Sameh , Kadhim Haider Sabah , Al-Khafaji Khitam Razak , Abdulghafour Kifah Hamdan
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Biliary atresia (BA) is a disease characterized by a biliary obstruction of unknown origin. Viral agents have been proposed in the aetiology of BA such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). This virus also considered as a one of agents that can infect the liver and cause hepatitis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of CMV in children with both chronic hepatitis (negative for hepatitis B and C) and have biliary atresia in the same time.Material and Methods: A retrospective study done on 13 liver tissue paraffin blocks of children with chronic hepatitis (negative for hepatitis B and C) and biliary atresia (extra and intra). The diagnosis was based on the presence of HCMV protein (pp65) by using immunohistochemistry.Results: Immunohistochemistry for pp65 showed the liver tissue blocks were positive for 10 cases (76.9%).The mild inflammation and moderate fibrosis were the highest among the cases.Conclusion: CMV is one of the important viruses that can causes hepatitis in infants (whom are negative for hepatitis B and C), also this virus has significant role in pathogenesis of biliary atresia.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):269-273
Nucleated Red Blood Cell in Cord Blood as a Marker of Perinatal Asphyxia
Authors: Kanodia Piush , Bhatta Nisha Keshary , Singh Rupa Rajbhandari , Shah Gauri Shankar , Yadav Shankar Prasad , Yadav Sunil Kumar
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a common problem with the incidence varying from 0.5 –2% of live births. According to World Health Organization, approximately 4 million babies die each year before they reach the age of one month. The number of NRBC/100 WBC is variable but is rarely greater than 10 in normal neonates. This simple test can be helpful in the rapid assessment of perinatal asphyxia. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study and there were 82 newborns in Case and 82 newborns in Controls comprising of asphyxiated and nonasphyxiated neonates, respectively, over a period of 12 months. Results: Out of the 82 neonates in case group, fifty nine (59) neonates were found to have NRBC level ≥10/100WBC, out of which 58 (70.7%) were cases and 1(1.2%) was a control. NRBCs count of ≥10/100WBC were seen more in the newborn who had low 5 min Apgar score and in the newborn with severe HIE, these association were statistically significant (P value <0.001). The cut-off NRBC value of ≥10/100WBC also found to have a sensitivity of 70.30% with a specificity of 98.78%. NRBC has a positive predictive value of 98.31% with a negative predictive value of 77.14%. Significance and sensitive area for ROC curve was 0.875. The ROC curve was calculated with cut-off NRBC value of ≥10/100WBC.Conclusions: NRBC counts can be very useful to differentiate HIE newborns from non-HIE newborns which will help in appropriate management and better outcome of these newborns.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):264-268
Oerskovia xanthineolytica bacteremia with hypernatremic seizure in an infant with severe pneumonia: an uncommon but life threatening disease treated in a critical care ward in Bangladesh
Authors: Sharifuzzaman - , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Ahmed Dilruba , Wahid Syeda Umme Habiba , Sadique Tuhin , Mazumder Razib , Hossain Mohammad Anowar , Chowdhury Nusrat Jahan , Maruf Abdullah Al
Published: June 2016

A 8 months old mildly underweight baby girl was initially admitted at the Short Stay Ward of Dhaka hospital of icddr,b with acute watery diarrhea. On the next day she was transferred to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the same hospital for convulsion. After exclusion of potential differentials of convulsion, hypernatremia was added as new problem. She was treated for AWD and hypernatremic convulsion at the ICU following standard hospital protocol. She had also found to have pneumonia (confirmed by radiological evidence) which eventually improved with second line of antibiotics. Finally she found to have Oerskovia xanthineolytica bacteremia which was improved with the ongoing treatment of pneumonia. We report Oerskovia xanthineolytica bacteremia as the 1st case in Bangladesh.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2016; 4 (1): 38-40
Physiological Effects of Ergot Alkaloid and Indole-Diterpene Consumption on Sheep under Hot and Thermoneutral Ambient Temperature Conditions
Authors: Henry Michelle , Kemp Stuart , Dunshea Frank , Leury Brian
Published: June 2016

A controlled feeding study was undertaken to determine the physiological and production effects of consuming perennial ryegrass alkaloids (fed via seed) under extreme heat in sheep. Twenty-four Merino ewe weaners (6 months; initial BW 30.8 ± 1.0 kg) were selected and the treatment period lasted 21 days following a 14 day acclimatisation period. Two levels of two factors were used. The first factor was alkaloid, fed at a nil (NilAlk) or moderate level (Alk; 80 μg/kg LW ergovaline and 20.5 μg/kg·LW lolitrem B). The second factor was ambient temperature applied at two levels; thermoneutral (TN; constant 21–22 °C) or heat (Heat; 9:00 AM–5:00 PM at 38 °C; 5:00 PM–9:00 AM at 21–22 °C), resulting in four treatments, NilAlk TN, NilAlk Heat, Alk TN and Alk Heat. Alkaloid consumption reduced dry matter intake ( p = 0.008), and tended to reduce liveweight ( p = 0.07). Rectal temperature and respiration rate were increased by both alkaloid and heat ( p < 0.05 for all). Respiration rate increased to severe levels when alkaloid and heat were combined, indicating the short term effects which may be occurring in perennial ryegrass toxicosis (PRGT) areas during severe weather conditions, a novel finding. When alkaloid ingestion and heat were administered separately, similar physiological responses occurred, indicating alkaloid ingestion causes a similar heat stress response to 38 °C heat.
Brutalism Now: Rethinking Brutalism in Contemporary World Architecture
Authors: Altun Didem
Published: June 2016

Brutalism has a privileged role in the history of modern architecture.[...]
On Two-Distillable Werner States
Authors: Đoković Dragomir
Published: June 2016

We consider bipartite mixed states ρ in a d ⊗ d quantum system. We say that ρ is PPT if its partial transpose 1 ⊗ T ( ρ ) is positive semidefinite, and otherwise ρ is NPT. The well-known Werner states are divided into three types: (a) the separable states (the same as the PPT states); (b) the one-distillable states (necessarily NPT); and (c) the NPT states which are not one-distillable. We give several different formulations and provide further evidence for the validity of the conjecture that Werner states of type (c) are not two-distillable.
Empirical Laws and Foreseeing the Future of Technological Progress
Authors: Lopes António , Tenreiro Machado José , Galhano Alexandra
Published: June 2016

The Moore’s law (ML) is one of many empirical expressions that is used to characterize natural and artificial phenomena. The ML addresses technological progress and is expected to predict future trends. Yet, the “art” of predicting is often confused with the accurate fitting of trendlines to past events. Presently, data-series of multiple sources are available for scientific and computational processing. The data can be described by means of mathematical expressions that, in some cases, follow simple expressions and empirical laws. However, the extrapolation toward the future is considered with skepticism by the scientific community, particularly in the case of phenomena involving complex behavior. This paper addresses these issues in the light of entropy and pseudo-state space. The statistical and dynamical techniques lead to a more assertive perspective on the adoption of a given candidate law.
An Investigation of Carbon-Doping-Induced Current Collapse in GaN-on-Si High Electron Mobility Transistors
Authors: Tzou An-Jye , Hsieh Dan-Hua , Chen Szu-Hung , Liao Yu-Kuang , Li Zhen-Yu , Chang Chun-Yen , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: June 2016

This paper reports the successful fabrication of a GaN-on-Si high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a 1702 V breakdown voltage (BV) and low current collapse. The strain and threading dislocation density were well-controlled by 100 pairs of AlN/GaN superlattice buffer layers. Relative to the carbon-doped GaN spacer layer, we grew the AlGaN back barrier layer at a high temperature, resulting in a low carbon-doping concentration. The high-bandgap AlGaN provided an effective barrier for blocking leakage from the channel to substrate, leading to a BV comparable to the ordinary carbon-doped GaN HEMTs. In addition, the AlGaN back barrier showed a low dispersion of transiently pulsed ID under substrate bias, implying that the buffer traps were effectively suppressed. Therefore, we obtained a low-dynamic on-resistance with this AlGaN back barrier. These two approaches of high BV with low current collapse improved the device performance, yielding a device that is reliable in power device applications.
Quantifying the Driving Forces of Informal Urbanization in the Western Part of the Greater Cairo Metropolitan Region
Authors: Osman Taher , Divigalpitiya Prasanna , Arima Takafumi
Published: June 2016

This paper discusses the driving forces (DFs) of informal urbanization (IU) in the greater Cairo metropolitan region (GCMR) using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The IU patterns in the GCMR have been extremely influenced by seven DFs: geographical characteristics, availability of life facilities, economic incentives, land demand and supply, population increase, administrative function, and development plans. This research found that these forces vary significantly in how they influence urban growth in the three study sectors, namely, the middle, north, and south areas in the western part of the GCMR. The forces with the highest influence were economic incentives in the middle sector, population increase in the north sector, and the administrative function in the south sector. Due to the lower availability of buildable land in the middle sector, the land demand and supply force had a lesser influence in this sector compared to in the north and south sectors. The development plans force had medium influence in all sectors. The geographical characteristics force had little influence in both the middle and the north sectors, but higher influence than economic incentives, availability of life facilities, and development plans in the south sector. Because of the spatial variances in life facilities organizations in the GCMR, the life facilities availability force had little effect on IU in the south sector.
A Proposal on the Restoration of Nostoc flagelliforme for Sustainable Improvement in the Ecology of Arid Steppes in China
Authors: Gao Xiang , Xu Haiyan , Ye Shuifeng , Liang Wenyu
Published: June 2016

Nostoc flagelliforme, a filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, is widely distributed in arid steppes of the west and northwestern parts of China. However, as a food delicacy this species has been overexploited from 1970 to 2000. Moreover, overgrazing, land reclamation and the removal of medicinal herbs have caused severely reduced vegetation coverage there. In this communication, a badly damaged but slowly rehabilitating N. flagelliforme-inhibiting steppe is described, and the rehabilitation of desertified steppes by the renewed growth of N. flagelliforme is proposed. The restoration of this dominant nitrogen supplier would be an ecologically sustainable solution for supplementing current measures already taken in the desertified regions. In addition, a goal of 50%–60% vegetation coverage is proposed by the N. flagelliforme restoration.
A Diffusive Gradient-in-Thin-Film Technique for Evaluation of the Bioavailability of Cd in Soil Contaminated with Cd and Pb
Authors: Wang Peifang , Wang Teng , Yao Yu , Wang Chao , Liu Cui , Yuan Ye
Published: June 2016

Management of heavy metal contamination requires accurate information about the distribution of bioavailable fractions, and about exchange between the solid and solution phases. In this study, we employed diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and traditional chemical extraction methods (soil solution, HOAc, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaOAc) to determine the Cd bioavailability in Cd-contaminated soil with the addition of Pb. Two typical terrestrial species (wheat, Bainong AK58; maize, Zhengdan 958) were selected as the accumulation plants. The results showed that the added Pb may enhance the efficiency of Cd phytoextraction which is indicated by the increasing concentration of Cd accumulating in the plant tissues. The DGT-measured Cd concentrations and all the selected traditional extractants measured Cd concentrations all increased with increasing concentration of the addition Pb which were similar to the change trends of the accumulated Cd concentrations in plant tissues. Moreover, the Pearson regression coefficients between the different indicators obtained Cd concentrations and plants uptake Cd concentrations were further indicated significant correlations (p < 0.01). However, the values of Pearson regression coefficients showed the merits of DGT, CaCl2, and Csol over the other three methods. Consequently, the in situ measurement of DGT and the ex situ traditional methods could all reflect the inhibition effects between Cd and Pb. Due to the feature of dynamic measurements of DGT, it could be a robust tool to predict Cd bioavaiability in complex contaminated soil.
Europe’s Elite Football: Financial Growth, Sporting Success, Transfer Investment, and Private Majority Investors
Authors: Rohde Marc , Breuer Christoph
Published: June 2016

Europe’s elite football clubs are a small group of about 30 clubs mostly originating from the Big Five leagues in England, Italy, Spain, Germany, and France. These clubs top Deloitte’s Football Money League ranking Europe’s top football clubs by revenues. They also win the vast majority of national and European football competitions, and account for the major share of FIFA World Cup appearances. Nevertheless, empirical analyses studying the antecedents of financial success of this peculiar sample are rare. This paper extends previous research by building an empirical model of financial performance and applying it to a unique, high-quality dataset of the top 30 EU football clubs by club revenues analyzed over ten consecutive seasons from 2004 to 2013. Fixed effects models are performed to account for time trends and club fixed effects. The results show that financial success is driven by national and international sporting success, as well as brand value; sporting success is driven by team investments, and team investments tend to be driven by (foreign) private majority investors.