bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAGING COMPANY INNOVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GENERATING NEW IDEAS
Authors: Bichurova Iva , Yordanova-Dinova Petia
Published: August 2019

The paper discusses the main sources of ideas in the company, as well as the process of generating new ideas. It is important to note that the units and departments related to the innovation activity of the company are to capture, create and offer a large number of acceptable new ideas that will later develop, implement and successfully become commercialized. The generation of ideas is a creative process for developing novelties and transforming researches into practical solutions. The aggregate qualities of innovation awaken the interest of both parties in market relations - entrepreneurs and consumers. For business, its economic potential, providing renewal, high-tech level, competitiveness, efficiency and profit, is important. Searching for an opportunity to satisfying existing needs in better ways to create new ones is an incentive for buyers.From its external environment, the company receives information and signals of problems, possible ways to solve and ways to improve the technical and technological basis of production, assortment structure, organization and management, market niche, etc. As a result of these phenomena, the main sources of information can be divided into internal, external and mixed. The paper discusses in detail the efficiency of heuristic methods and their variation on the path of generating new ideas. In this respect, the individual methods represent a way to disclosure and use the intellectual potential of the cadres in finding new ways to reach the right solution for innovation.
MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS EFFICIENCY OF ENTERPRISES TRADE IN KOSOVO
Authors: Koleci Violeta
Published: August 2019

An important role for the country's economic development is the adaptation of structural changes, opportunities and development conditions based on market demands for the products and services realized. The development of industry and natural resources are of particular importance in this regard.The industry contributes mostly to economic development and division of labor. It provides opportunities for the reconstruction and advancement of other economic branches such as agriculture, traffic, trade and more. The influence of industry on transforming the country's economic and social structure is high or low, depending on the level of overall economic development of the country.The post-war Kosovo economy faced great challenges, as a result of poor management for a decade and a devastating war. Nevertheless, Kosovo successfully e passed the reconstruction phase, which was quite difficult. The beginning of privatization, the dynamic development of the private sector in small and medium enterprises, with particular emphasis on the production sector, the first initiatives of the integration process with the region's economy through the signing of the Free Trade Agreement, the inclusion in the Stability Pact as unequal only the first steps of long and serious processes towards the development of market economy and integration into regional and international institutions. In the post-war period, Kosovo's economy was a consumption economy and its needs largely met by imports, using "cash" as a means of payment in the absence of organized financial institutions. The economic structure of a country, for economic development, more than any other indicator represents the development and development reality. So it is treated as the current generator at all times and in every contemporary society.In this paper we tried to define the management and efficiency of small and medium-sized businesses, and we also understood the importance and contribution of SMEs in economic development. Almost no definition is the same as what small and big business differentiates. The main factor in which theorists and economists are based is the number of employees.
MOTIVATION AND ITS IMPACT ON AN ORGANIZATION
Authors: Ismajli Meriton , Fejza Jusuf
Published: August 2019

Different people express different ways of motivating human behavior. The demand for people to work simultaneously in realizing the organization's goal and realizing their own interests is rather a complex problem.The manager uses different forms and ways to motivate people to work. Any strategy oriented towards this is aimed at meeting the needs of the organization.Employees are very different from one another and their personal goals, or what they want to achieve from their being and their work in the organization is multifaceted. It is the task of the manager to identify and understand individual differences and to help employees complete everything they want from the organization.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Dimoska Tatjana , Dimoska Slavica
Published: August 2019

Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.Sustainable development is advanced as the answer of achieving a more equitable balance and synergic relationship between social, environmental and economic needs. It is a holistic approach that considers social, ecological and economic dimensions, recognizing that all must be considered together to find lasting prosperity. According to that, sustainable development law has been described as an intersection between three fields of international law: international environmental law, international economic law and international human rights law. In this paper the relationship between human rights and sustainable development is explored. The notion of social equity is taking into consideration when analyzing the rights – based approach to sustainable development. Social equity refers to a fair and just distribution of economic and environmental costs and benefits, community services like health care and education, the ability to participate in decision-making processes. Applying social equity means paying attention to disadvantaged group in society: women, youth and children, the elderly, indigenous groups and ethnic minorities. In considering the relationship between human rights and sustainable development, the best starting point is the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. At the center of the Agenda are the sustainable development goals (SDGs), a set of 17 goals and 169 targets across social, economic and environmental areas of sustainable development. The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development is grounded in human rights. The 17 SDGs directly or indirectly reflect human rights standards. When analyzing the human rights anchorage of each sustainable development goal and its corresponding targets, an interrelated web appears: 92% of the 169 SDGs targets are linked to international human rights instruments (such as the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), as well as other international and regional instruments and documents relating to human rights). In other words, the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development and human rights are interwoven and inextricably tied together. The respect for and enforcement of human rights is a precondition for sustainable development. That implies that without acknowledging and acting to defend the rights of people, sustainable development is not possible. On the one hand, human rights provide guidance and a legally-binding framework for tackling the multidimensional goals of the 2030 Agenda. On the other hand, the SGDs can serve as a results-oriented roadmap for the realization of human rights.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MODERN ECONOMY
Authors: Stanković Milica , Mrdak Gordana , Stojanović Suzana
Published: August 2019

Еntrepreneurship sector will be very important factor in future economic growth due to its ability to adapt to changing business conditions in terms of globalization. Entrepreneurship is often called the driving force of the economy, while entrepreneurs are agents of change that provide innovative ideas for companies. Small and medium enterprises are a key source of dynamism, innovation and flexibility, both in developed and in developing countries. Entrepreneurial framework describes the key components of entrepreneurship: entrepreneurs/team of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial process, creation of new values and environment. An entrepreneur or team of entrepreneurs should recognize business opportunities, collect the necessary resources, and develop an appropriate business strategy with aim to create new value. The paper suggests that entrepreneurship creates entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activity is the best incentive for further entrepreneurial activity. In order to gain a better insight into the operations of small and medium enterprises, the paper points to the advantages and disadvantages of starting a business through this form of entrepreneurial activity. Smaller enterprises achieve success in industries where flexibility and inovation are of great importance, while they are less successful in industries where resources and resource management are crucial. The advantages of small and medium enteprises are: independence, self-actualization, profit-making, market flexibility, more efficient use of available resources, and innovation. Nevertheless, the paper analyzes potential disadvantages: lack of knowledge and expertise of smal and medium enterprises, lack of managerial skills, risk of closing down the company, long working hours and hard work, uncertainty of income, high level of stress and total responsibility. The reasons for starting a business through small and medium enterprises can be analyzed as: push and pull motives. Pull motives exist when individuals are motivated by specific ideas they want to implement when starting a business. Pull motives include: desire for independence, desire to use the identified market opportunity, turning hobbies or previous work experience into business and financial incentives. On the other hand, a large number of individuals decide to establish a new company out of necessity, due to the push motives such as dismissal, job insecurity, disagreement with the previous employer, etc. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium enteprises and reasons and motives for starting the business, the paper points to the importance of SMEs in modern economy.
PREJUDICES ABOUT ISLAMIC BANKING
Authors: Zolota Aida
Published: August 2019

Islamic banking has been intensively developed over the past fifty years, although Islam has existed since the 7th century. It is a banking model that operates in accordance with Sharia regulations. Islamic banks, globally, have a growing share of assets and more and more clients. They operate in Muslim-majority countries, but also in non-Muslim Majority countries. It is well-known (and most often confusing to people who do not know enough about the way these banks operate) that Islamic banks are strictly forbidden to charge interest, however, doing business in accordance with Sharia regulations has some other specificities, but also some other prohibitions. In spite of obstacles and prejudices, Islamic banking is intensively developing. Some of the most famous products/services of Islamic banks are: musharaka, mudaraba, murabaha and ijara. Bearing in mind the intensive development of Islamic banking and finance, the need for global reporting on the situation and developments in this area has arisen. Such a report has been published by the Islamic Bankers Association since 2010. The report is named Global Report on Islamic Finance (GIFR) and is published annually. Every year, the report has a specific topic that is in the focus of the report and the current information on the situation and prospects of Islamic banking and finance. What progress has been made in the development of Islamic banking and finance, and what is the current situation and role of Islamic banking and finance today, perhaps the best shows the topic that is in the focus of the GIFR 2018, which is: Global Islamic Economy and Islamic Finance. There are also so-called Islamic Indices. During the last global financial crisis, banks operating in accordance with Islamic regulations (sharia) have shown better resilience than conventional banks, and because of that they attracted the attention of the global financial community. However, the prejudices about Islamic banks and Islamic banking are still present. This was also confirmed by the research done in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The subject of this paper is prejudices about Islamic banking, and the aim of the paper is to explain the basics of Islamic banking and point out the prejudices that exist about Islamic banking in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Business in accordance with Sharia regulations (banking products / services) has been present in Bosnia and Herzegovina for 15 years. A simple random sample was selected for the survey, and the data was collected through a questionnaire. The results of the survey show that the population is still insufficiently educated about Islamic banking and that there are prejudices.
EMPIRICAL STUDIES ANALYZING THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND TAXATION ON ACTIVITY
Authors: Mustafi Mahije , Memeti Karemani Sulbije
Published: August 2019

This paper analyzes the empirical literature that examines the effects of fiscal policy shocks on economic activity. Discussion related to fiscal policy is related to the impacts on economic growth is quite current, because the development of appropriate fiscal instruments can lead to steady and sustainable economic growth in the countries. The role of fiscal policy and the impact on economic activity are among the most controversial issues among academics and policymakers. In the absence of any "active" intervention in government expenses, tax revenues move automatically with the economic cycle. I can also say that government transfers can be considered as help for the unemployed, they grow as the economy slows down and unemployment rises, while labor tax returns, capital and consumption flows are declining. Resistive actions occur when the business cycle improves. In recent years, empirical studies have shown that private consumption and GDP have increased significantly, while government expenses have been severely reduced. Most empirical evidence suggests that fiscal expansion increases production and consumption and worsens the trade balance.The Kenzie and Neoclassical schools have different views on the impact of public spending on economic activity. This study has completed a detailed review of many important, relevant scientific havepapersthat empirically document these impacts. As a conclusion, we can state that although the fiscal policy theory is well developed, until recently has not received much attention from the (applied) economic practice. The first category is aimed at assessing macroeconomic impact from major reductions in the budget deficit, and the second study, in general, analyzes the stabilizing capabilities of fiscal policy variables. According to Blanchard and Perotti, the dynamic effects of the discretionary fiscal policy of macroeconomic variables have recently focused on the omissions of autoregressive vectors (2002). Some empirical studies have found a link between budget deficits, money growth and inflation, both in industrialized economies as well as in growing economies. For industrial economies most of these studies have come to the conclusion that there is little evidence that government debt affects the growth of money and inflation. In developing countries, it is often argued that high inflation is realized when governments face large and ongoing deficits financed by money emission. A change in taxes or public expenses (the so-called “fiscal shocks”) at any time prevents their development.
THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURSES IN THE DIRECT INVESTEMENTS CASE STUDY THE MUNICIPALITY OF GOSTIVAR
Authors: Ismaili Diturije , Tushi Bardhyl
Published: August 2019

Human resources are the greatest asset of the enterprises, as the whole development is depended on their work and commitment. Every business aims to maximize its profit. The company in order to achieve this, among other things must establish and develop a Human Resources Department. On the other hand, small and medium enterprises can be defined as independent companies who are employing a specified number of employees. The aim of small and medium enterprises should be the revealing of novelties and innovations, employment opportunities, independence in action and competition. The purpose of this scientific paper is to explore and enlighten the role of human resources in the growth of development, increase of investments and prosperity of enterprises in the Municipality of Gostivar. Furthermore, the research has been deepened to search in the professionalism and importance of trainings of employees in the enterprise and their impact on the performance of companies. As professionalism is one of the key factors of career development, this paper highlights how many enterprises in the Municipality of Gostivar have employed professionals, and what are the most common differences between employee’s qualities. First, it will be analyzed the proficient background of working staff in several enterprises in the Municipality of Gostivar and further analyses in this contest will be made whether there is increase in the number of professional employees and what are differences between professional and non-professional staff. Secondly, it will be analyzed the importance of trainings in the targeted enterprises in the Municipality of Gostivar, while it will be presented how many enterprises train and develop their employees and by having this employee’s training what has the impact been on performance of the business and what are the actual business training needs. Thirdly, it will be analyzed what measures have been taken to increase investment in small and medium-sized enterprises, the number of workers when businesses have started to work and where the actual number of employees has been reached up today in these enterprises. Primary and secondary sources will be used for the research of this paper. Secondary data are interlinked with contemporary literature and research that has been done so far on this subject. Primary data are collected through semi-structured questionnaires. A selection sample for the survey is 30 in the Municipality of Gostivar, from which results were achieved for the professionalization and training of Human Resources and their impact on the increase of investments and the development of Enterprises.
MARKETING ROLE IN TOURIST OFFER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sejdiu Sherif
Published: August 2019

The tourism industry is sensitive to global and regional political, economic and social events and phenomena, and has also demonstrated a strong response force and speed to regain the path of positive growth despite the not favorable state of the world economy and indicators the moderate development that it has performed, as well as the uncertainty highlighted in the demand in general and tourism in particular because of the low level of demand for this product category. In any marketing strategy that has four components of mix marketing: product, pricing, distribution, and promotion are needed, as they play a useful role, though they do not have the same weight. Some of these elements and, in some cases, only one of them has a determining role in comparison to competitors and, consequently, are the key factor to succeed. The role of the product, a better price, the sales force or the distribution network more efficiently than the competitors, the promotion policy, etc. may be the role. Distribution includes all possibilities, ways, and methods for dispersing products across market segments, locations to direct customer contact. Distribution is one of the mixing marketing elements. It has direct links to product policy, pricing and promotion policy. For the successful realization of the marketing strategy it is important to supply customers with certain products. Likewise, these products should be available in a certain amount, in certain places, and at the time when the consumer so requests. In surveys of demand measurement in the tourism and travel industry, the use of some basic indicators is noted. Although the independent variables involved in tourism demand measurement models vary greatly according to the objectives and the field of specialization and research of researchers, the use of some basic indicators as a measure of tourist demand variables in its modeling and forecast makes it possible standardization of data and their unified reporting at the global and local level. The variation of tourist achievement is the most used for measuring tourism demand at least in the last twenty years. Specifically, this variable is measured by the total tourist achievement from a source to a destination, which can further be disrupted in tourist achievements for holiday purposes, business travel achievements, tourist achievements for family and friends visits, tourist achievements by means of travel, such as air, sea, road and so on. Some studies also use destination spending as a demand-measurement variable, while other researchers are even more rigorous using tourist spending for specific categories and certain products and purchases in general. Other indicators used are tourism income, employment in the tourism and travel industry, as well as exports and imports.
THE CONCEPT OF HYBRID THREATS
Authors: Nenad Nenad , Kirkova Rina
Published: August 2019

In 2016, during the Warsaw summit, NATO and EU reached an agreement to improve the cooperation in the fight against the hybrid threats, describing the security situation in Europe as space where many hybrid activities take place. The security environment of the modern democratic societies is endangered due to the intensive hybrid activities that are manifested via campaigns aimed to misinform, hostile cyber-activities and radicalisation of vulnerable groups in the society.The security environment during the Cold War was defined with the two confronting super powers, with each trying to surpass the other building an international security system of bipolar relations. Today, in state of hybrid threats, when the security environment is not more secure than during the Cold War, the security setting is much harder to define. The threats, methods of action and activities are multidimensional and the relations among various actions remain unclear.The state actor constantly try to become stronger, while the non-state actors seek own statehood or recognition of their activities. Seeking to achieve their own ambitions, the non-state actors challenge the West and its institutions, representing thus hybrid threats for their security. Dealing with the hybrid threats includes synchronised use of military and non-military means against specific weaknesses of the enemy. Unless detected and dealt within timely manner, the state of dealing with hybrid threats will reach the state of hybrid warfare.We live in a time of hybrid influences, where state and non-state actors challenge the modern western democracies and their institution that are considered to be a threat or competition in meeting their goals and interests. The aim of the hybrid threats is to create – by detecting the adversary’s weaknesses, such as ideological differences, technological deficiency, society polarisation, geostrategic factors and infrastructure – conditions to achieve their own goals.If the desired goals are not achieved with the hybrid methods, the hybrid threats can create conditions for future conflict, when the situation can escalate in hybrid war with significant increase of the armed violence. The modern democratic states should have coordinated coherent approach to understand, detect and respond to hybrid threats as collective interest.
THE NEW SECURITY CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION WAR
Authors: Zoric Olga , Jonev Katarina , Rancic Ivan
Published: August 2019

The author starts from the informational dimension of the operational environment in a strategic reality and deal with the problem of defining informational power from the theoretical and practical aspect of information warfare.The deliberations in the work are aimed to initiate a procedure for auditing of the security documents in order to create a legal basis for the operationalization of the content of information security, as one of the aspects of integral security of the Republic of Serbia. The paper deals with the conceptual determinations and importance of information, information warfare and information operations, as well as the content of information warfare, pointing out the strategic and doctrinal definitions of the information warfare of the United States of America, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia. It is necessary to accurately and objectively observe world achievements in the field of national security and the relation of the most powerful world powers to the problem of information warfare. Based on a comparative analysis of world trends and the state of the theoretical and practical aspects of information security of the Republic of Serbia, the focus is on work, where measures are proposed to improve the security function in the fourth unit of work.
IDLIB, THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF THE SYRIAN CONFLICT
Authors: Lami Blendi
Published: August 2019

After seven years of conflict, the future of the Syrian civil war may come down to the battle for Idlib. Syrian leader Bashar Assad has already taken back control of much of the country, and this northwestern province is the last remaining rebel stronghold. But taking back Idlib won’t be easy. In fact, it’ll be harder and more complicated than many of the other recent campaigns in the south for two reasons. First, it is a much larger region than the areas in the south, such as Daraa, Eastern Ghouta and Quneitra, that the Syrian army seized in recent months. It is, therefore, also more heavily populated with rebels, in part because many of the cease-fires brokered by Russia in the south allowed rebels safe passage out of these areas and into Idlib. Second, Turkey has a military presence in Idlib. This complicates the situation for all parties involved because Turkey and the Syrian regime have conflicting interests in this region. Russia supports the regime but doesn’t want to go to war with Turkey, a country with which it needs to maintain good relations. For this reason, the Syrians are afraid the Russians may abandon them. Meanwhile, Turkey wants room to maneuver in relation to the U.S., and having hostile relations with Russia would limit its options. A battle over Idlib would therefore pose a threat to all parties involved in the conflict. In the wider power struggle among countries in this war, Idlib may be little more than a distraction, but it’s a dangerous one. Winning a military battle here may cost far more than anyone is prepared to pay. This article will consider another option: a deal among these countries to oust the rebel group that controls much of the province. All of these parties have an interest in eliminating this group – one of the most extreme in Idlib – and so it’s the one area where they can cooperate. For now, though, the most likely next phase in Idlib and the Syrian civil war is a concerted effort to eliminate HTS (and its offshoots like Hurras al-Din), and an acceptance of a more permanent Turkish presence in northwest Syria. A deal to eliminate HTC would, therefore, be in the interest of all these parties. But it could break down in two ways. The first would be through insurgent groups’ refusal to accept Turkish control. The second possible breakdown would involve Assad making moves to take back control of Idlib. This would, however, largely depend on how much support the regime could count on from its other stalwart ally, Iran. A solution to the struggle over this pocket of the country is less important than the relations among the big players in this war. It would therefore have to involve some sort of balance among them, perhaps with intermittent and indecisive small-scale combat but without a full-blooded attempt to win. They may not get everything they want out of such a deal, but they will all benefit in some way. And at this point, that may be the best they can hope for.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMAND, MANAGEMENT, AND COMMUNICATIONS. TO CONTINUE IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS OR TO REMAIN IN SAME FIELD
Authors: Kalinov Todor
Published: August 2019

Management and Command253 are two different words and terms, but military structures use them as synonyms. Military commanders’ authorities are almost equal in meaning to civilian managers’ privileges and power. Comparison between military command and the civilian management system structure, organization, and way of work shows almost full identity and overlapping. The highest in scale and size military systems are national ministries of defense and multinational military alliances and coalitions. Military systems at this level combine military command structures with civilian political leadership and support elements. Therefore, they incorporate both military command and civilian management organizations without any complications, because their nature originated from same source and have similar framework and content. Management of organizations requires communication in order to plan, coordinate, lead, control, and conduct all routine or extraordinary activities. Immediate long-distance communications originated from telegraphy, which was firstly applied in 19th century. Later, long-distance communications included telephony, aerial transmitting, satellite, and last but not least internet data exchange. They allowed immediate exchange of letters, voice and images, bringing to new capabilities of the managers. Their sophisticated technical base brought to new area of the military command and civilian management structures. These area covered technical and operational parts of communications, and created engineer sub-field of science, that has become one of the most popular educations, worldwide. Communications were excluded from the military command and moved to separate field, named Computers and Communications. A historic overview and analysis of the command and management structures and requirements shows their relationships, common origin, and mission. They have significant differences: management and control are based on humanities, natural and social sciences, while communications are mainly based on engineering and technology. These differences do not create enough conditions for defragmentation of communications from the management structures. They exist together in symbiosis and management structures need communications in order to exist and multiply their effectiveness and efficiency. Future defragmentation between military command and communications will bring risks of worse coordination, need for more human resources, and worse end states. These risks are extremely negative for nations and should be avoided by wide appliance of the education and science among nowadays and future leaders, managers, and commanders.
COMBAT READINESS AS A FUNCTION OF MANNING, EQUIPPING AND TRAINING THE FORCES
Authors: Stamatov Stoyan
Published: August 2019

Building and maintaining adequate military capabilities and high combat readiness for the Armed Forces, as well as mobilization readiness for timely increase to wartime tables with reserve forces continue to be central to achieving defense and security goals. There is a strong interdependence between combat readiness and the system of manning, equipping, and training the Armed Forces. They all depend on the organizational structure, table of organization and equipment, and the level of training of personnel from active units and those from the Reserve in peace time.Combat Readiness is a certain state of the Armed Forces that determines the degree of training, manning, and equipping the headquarters, staffs, and troops that guarantee their adequate response to crises of a different character. Combat readiness is the real factor that exemplifies Armed Force’s preparedness to respond to every critical situation in a timely manner.The content of levels of combat readiness determines the level of preparedness of the military units to perform their duties at a certain point in time.There are certain states of combat readiness that have been adopted by NATO. Nevertheless, the lowest state of readiness usually represents the current/day-to-day status of military units and is usually called a "permanent" level of combat readiness. The highest level of readiness is supposed to answer the demands of readiness for immediate execution of battle actions, and it is perceived in most armies to be called "full" combat readiness.In order to optimize the overall process of activating military units to a higher level of combat or mobilization readiness, it is necessary to look for this in peacetime. It mainly concerns building a system of control and evaluation of the individual components of combat readiness and mobilization, and identifying measures for their improvement.Military HQs and formations are regularly evaluated to prove their operational capabilities to meet NATO standards in conducting military operations. Therefore the use of CREVAL– Combat Readiness Evaluation programs ensures the necessary operational capabilities and interoperability with allied units in multinational allied operations.Depending on the level of manning, arming, equipping and training military units are classified into different categories in ascending order. The smaller the category is, the higher the operational readiness of the military units is and vice versa, the higher the category is, the longer the mobilization period takes place, and the longer the time to reach operational readiness is. This further requires effective integration and use of the reserve staffs and the reserve forces’ units to enhance the capabilities of regular forces in the wide range of the expected operations described by the NATO policy documents.
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICIES
Authors: Idrizi Arsim
Published: August 2019

Through this scientific research it is analyzed the legislation and the impact of Macedonian Parliament in establishing of Foreign and Security Politics. it is done the analyze about essential sources of the definition of position in the Assembly of Republic of Macedonia, beginning from the Constitution, Regulation and Foreign Law of Parliamentary Work, about the law of Foreign Affairs and Law Framework of Security Politics. As well it is explained the role and the work of Parliamentary Commission in the establishing of Security and Foreign Politics such as: the Commission of Foreign Affairs, Commission of Defense and Security, Commission of Secret Services and the Commission of the European Issues, so far is elaborated Cooperation Board with Other Parliamentary Commissions. At the end of the first part, Work Groups of the Parliament of Republic of Macedonia with parliaments of other Countries.At the first research to International Relationship – Foreign Politics and Security, especially is explored the Relationship and Cooperation with neighboring Countries and with some European South - Eastern, Countries. The role of Parliament of Republic of Macedonia it is analyzed and explained as well and the cooperation with Parliamentarian Assembly of Organization of United Nations (UN), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), The Parliament of European Union, Organization of North Atlantic Alliance (OTAN) and European Council.
THE ROLE OF UNPREDEP IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Jovanovska Julijana , Bogdanova-Smilevska Biljana
Published: August 2019

The whole work of the UN is based on the prevention and itself, represents mechanism and instruments for defending the peace. Developing of one preventive mission is far more benificial than to take over other post-conflict measures. The real meaning of the prevention is seen right at this segment. The Republic of Macedonia needed the use of a preventive misson on its territory. Developing the mission of UNPREDEP has shown like a good example for obstructing and escalating the conflicts coming from north, and may be used like a model for future preventive missions. The benifit from one preventive mission may be enormus for the host country, but as well it may be benifitial for the neighbour countries. When a preventive mission is present, the time should be used to develop the country, the region where the mission is based, and to defend and strenghten the peace and the security of the country, and also to offer help in different segments, particulary if it's about a young country, like The Republic of Macedonia at that time, in which the forces of the UN were stationed.
CORRUPTION IN MALTA
Authors: Georgieva Hadji Krsteski Natasha
Published: August 2019

When we talk about corruption, we are not just talking about money, but about justice. We rely on corruption because it is a direct violation of the principle - we are all equal before the law.Through / with the help of corruption people get power, money and advantages they do not deserve.Metaphorically speaking, corruption is like a contagious disease, a rapidly spreading virus, infecting people in ways that are not always visible and thus distorting the reputation and performance of public services.Corruption is a virus that spreads in the dark and enjoys the tropical climate of offshore financial centers that help and direct corrupt money-laundering officers. The virus is created by humans, but doctors should not avoid it, but on the contrary, hard work is needed, or more specifically - teamwork.
CRIMINAL LAW IN PROTECTION OF HEALTH FROM THE ABUSE OF DRUGS IN SERBIA
Authors: Simović Miodrag , Jovašević Dragan , M. Simović Marina
Published: August 2019

Based on international standards adopted within the framework and under the Organisation of the United Nations, all national legislations recognise several different types and forms of criminal acts regarding misuse of narcotics. It is the matter of various activities of unauthorized production, traffic and other forms of inciting or enabling others to come into possession of narcotics for immediate use, which seriously endangers the health and life.Depending on the needs of each individual state, the distinction is made between the offenses, for the perpetrators are given different types and measures of penalties and other criminal sanctions. A similar situation exists in the Republic of Serbia.The paper analyzes the system of criminal offenses in various types and forms of manifestation in the theoretical and practical sense for whose offenders that are prescribed serious criminal sanctions.
THE CONCEPT AND CAUSES OF THE DIVORCE UNDER THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND THE NEED FOR ADAPTATION WITH CHANGES IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Authors: Zekolli Shaqiri Kaltrina , Zuberi Emrije
Published: August 2019

The issue of divorce and rising rates in the modern world is one of the most serious problems and social issues that greatly affect the lives of people. Divorce is a human right. It is an expression of individual freedom to want and to choose. Setting up the right to divorce is an expression of civilization today and at the same time it can be considered as significant progress compared to the past because it allows the disruption of the community in which relations between spouses do not function according to the corresponding and prescribed order. Divorced marriages relate to personal and social life very deeply. It causes stress and makes the individual unsuccessful and changes his life. Although many couples agree to stay with their partner to death, many marriages will end up divorcing instead of death. Until almost the divorce was considered as the most difficult marriage dysfunction leading to a complete disorganization of the family. Over time, a system of the so-called "binuclear family" has emerged following the divorce, which suggests that divorce is not death for the family. Over time, a system of the so-called "binuclear family" has emerged following the divorce, which suggests that divorce is not death for the family. This paper will analyze the causes of divorce, which are a multidisciplinary challenge and the use of certain reforms that will overcome the problems that arise in practice as well as the need to align our legislation with the general tendencies of other contemporary European legislation, as well as with international documents. The importance of the institution for divorce as a legal form of termination of the marriage, the importance of applying the international principles and practices of this institution of law, the need to amend and supplement the Family Law of the Republic of Macedonia for more specific regulation of divorce, the need to implement innovations in the positive legislation because it is a necessity and need to adjust the positive laws of the Republic of Macedonia towards those of the EU, as well as from the introduction of an institution family mediation. In order to make this paper better and be able to conceptualize the subject of research from different angles, various research methods such as the historical method, the descriptive method, the normative method and the comparative method will be used. The methods that will be used for this paper will be applied appropriately and will have a scientific and research character. This research will also have an empirical part by which, by analyzing the statistical results of different institutions, which, as a scope of work, also have the issue of divorce, will present a general picture of the relationship of these institutions towards marriage as an institution, statistical data on the number of divorces in the Republic of Macedonia and the most common reasons that lead to the divorce.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Authors: Mavrov Momchil
Published: August 2019

In recent years there has been an increasing trend the tendency for the synchronization of administrative law in the Member States of the European Union. Representatives of the European Institutions highlight the need from codification of basic principles of administrative law, establishing rules for a European administrative procedure and adopting a European Administrative Procedure Code. The stated aspirations of the Community are an expression of the idea of building a European administrative space, in which application to find common administrative standards and values. This approach is necessary both for the better performance of European goals and ideals and for ensuring a greater protection of the rights and freedoms of European citizens.Community Member States need to be aware of European policies in each area and to adapt their national policies and strategies. In the field of administrative law, national authorities should, first of all, have sufficient knowledge of the basic principles of European administrative law. These principles are not regulated by EU law.Despite this omission of the European legislator, the Court of Justice of the European Communities has formulated in its jurisprudence the basic principles of modern European administrative law, which are common to the Member States of the Community. Such are: the principles of legality and proportionality, the principle of legal certainty, to protect legitimate expectations and equality, for a fair administrative procedure and effective judicial control. The general principles listed apply the administration of the European Union and to the Member States if they are applying the law of the European Union.Similarly, national authorities should focus their efforts on improving their administrations to reach the level of development in the European administrative space, because the key to successful European integration in each area is mutual cooperation between the European institutions and the national authorities.
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SUBSTANTIVE LAW
Authors: Jakimoski Laze , Tufekci Pakiza
Published: August 2019

The division of material and procedural law has its deep traditions both in the law and in the legal science. Until recently in the continental legal system had primacy substantive law and the procedural law was perceived as something secondary, as a technology whose task is to serve the substantive law. However, in recent years, more and more widespread is the understanding that both substantive and procedural law are equally important. There is no basis for the material right to be considered as primary and priority, and the process as secondary and subordinate. Substantive law is inextricably linked with procedural law. They can be considered as two sides of the legal category - legal regulation and procedural means for administrative and judicial protection of subjective rights in regulated public relations. In the substantive law, the legal norm determines what the rights and obligations of the legal entity are. The process law determines how these rights and obligations will be realized, that is, the procedure.
SUBROGATION IN INSURANCE CONTRACT
Authors: Dimov Tatjana
Published: August 2019

Subrogation is a legal right characteristically reserved by property insurers. Subrogation occurs in property insurance and in some particular cases of liability insurance. The doctrine of subrogation operates to ensure protection of certain specific principles relevant to the property insurance including the principle of indemnification whereby the compensation received is no more and no less than a full indemnity for the insured loss or damage suffered by the insured due to loss occurrence, the principle of non-cumulation in terms of claims under the same insurance contract and the principle which excludes claiming indemnity from the person who is legally responsible for causing the loss, because otherwise the insurance contract may be an unjustified source of profit for the insured as the insured would get double recovery or paid out twice for the same claim.With the payment of the reimbursement from an insurance agreement on the insurer, all rights that the insured has towards the persons responsible for the damage up to the amount of the paid compensation are transferred. With the subrogation, the insurer takes up the legal position of the insured person and exercises his right to subrogation from the rights of the insured (derivative acquisition of the right), so that the insurer exceeds the claims in scope and amount as the insured had towards the perpetrator.Subrogation is the right of the insurer, it is not his obligation. The insurer is not obliged to use this right to transfer the rights to the responsible person.The notion of subrogation is often associated with the concept of insurance regression. But there is a difference between these two terms: recourse is the right of the insurer to claim the amount of compensation that he has paid to the insured (injured parties) from the harmful person, while subrogation is the transfer of the right (the claim for damages to the responsible person) from the insured to the insurer up to the amount of the compensation paid on the basis of an insurance contract. The right to recourse is a consequence of the existence of subrogation, i.e. transfer of the rights of the insured person to the responsible person, and which is reached by the law itself.Тhe subrogation doctrine also operates to ensure that the defendant or the person who is legally responsible for the loss shall not be absolved of liability under the civil law. Namely, the perpetrator should bear the consequences of his liability for the caused damage, and therefore the legislator of the insurer (as one of the contractual parties in insurance contract) has recognized the right what he has paid the injured party (as the contractual party in the insurance contract called the insured) to calm from the perpetrator.Furthermore, subrogation doctrine operates to ensure profit for the insurance companies whereby the reimbursement funds the claims or sum insured are covered from additionally grow; therefore, this doctrine is of great importance to the insurers.