bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Antagonizes LOX-1-Mediated Endothelial Injury by Transcriptional Activation of miR-590-5p
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhao Gang , Zhu Hong , Wang Shijun , Sun Aijun , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo
Published: July 2019

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is one of the major receptors expressed on the endothelium of arterial wall with a key role in endothelial dysfunction and the development of atherosclerosis. Recent evidence suggested that LOX-1 is upregulated under the condition of insulin resistance and could be suppressed by the antidiabetic drugs. We previously also confirmed that Thiazolidinedione (TZD) has the inhibitory effect on LOX-1 in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we showed that Rosiglitazone treatment significantly attenuated the expressions of LOX-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, p47phox, and the atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice with high-fat diet. In vitro, we revealed that Rosiglitazone inhibited LOX-1 by regulating miR-590-5p. Ox-LDL-mediated ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and p47phox were significantly reduced by Rosiglitazone, but all reversed after pretreating the cells with antagomiR-590-5p. Induction with Rosiglitazone activated PPAR-γ and promoted its nuclear translocation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The nuclear PPAR-γ upregulated the miR-590-5p level through binding to its transcriptional promoter region. Retaining PPAR-γ in cytoplasm by transfecting with PPAR-γ⊿NLS plasmid in HUVECs failed to activate miR-590-5p. Mutation of the promoter region of PPAR-γ also reduced the miR-590-5p promoter luciferase activity. Collectively, these data indicated that PPAR-γ may have the therapeutic potential in atherosclerosis via the transcriptional regulation of miR-590-5p in endothelial cells.
Fall Risk Reduction Program Paired with a Transportation Program in an Underserved, Urban Minority Community: A Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Mielenz Thelma J. , Durbin Laura , Hertzberg Fern , Noble-Hernandez Diana , Sorensen Julie A.
Published: July 2019

This study sought to evaluate A Matter of Balance/Volunteer Lay Leaders (AMOB/VLL) fall prevention curriculum in combination with a “door-through-door” program: Coordinated Older-Adult Senior Transportation Services (COASTS) for older adults living in an urban, underserved community. AMOB/VLL participants were offered eight 2-hour classes as part of the training program. Focus groups were conducted with older adult participants, COASTS mobility facilitators, and AMOB/VLL master trainers. A thematic analysis was conducted, and primary themes relating to curriculum content, cultural relevancy, and outcomes were examined. Older adults and facilitators felt the course was rewarding and led to improvements in mobility and confidence. Master trainers were more critical and recommended simplifying content, with tailored guidance for specific populations. They also recommended increased emphasis on balance and physical activity. Although participants and MoFas felt combining AMOB/VLL and COASTS was rewarding and improved participant mobility, master trainers and participants suggested minor modifications to increase program benefits for urban, underserved communities.
Stiffness Analysis of Recycled Self‐Compacting Concrete‐Filled Circular Steel Tubular Columns under Eccentric Compression
Authors: Yu Feng , Xu Pengcheng , Fang Yuan , Zhang Yang , Jiang Junjie
Published: July 2019

In this study, twenty‐one recycled self‐compacting concrete‐filled circular steel tubular (RSCFCST) columns are designed and tested under eccentric compression. The studied parameters including the replacement ratio of the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), strength grade of concrete, eccentricity, and length‐diameter ratio (L/D) of specimens are considered. The load‐stiffness curves of the specimens are obtained by observing the whole process of loading, and the effects of various parameters on the stiffness of the specimens are analyzed. Test results demonstrate that the RSCFCST short columns (L/D ≤ 4) under eccentric compression exhibit drum‐like bending failures, while the RSCFCST long columns (L/D > 4) under eccentric compression experience the global flexural buckling failure modes. With the replacement ratio of RCA, the length‐diameter ratio or eccentricity increases, and the bearing capacity of specimens under eccentric compression decreases. However, the increase in the strength grade of concrete increases the bearing capacity. The stiffness of the RSCFCST columns under eccentric compression gradually increases as the strength grade of concrete increases, while the eccentricity had an adverse effect on stiffness of specimen. With the increase of load, the increase of the length‐diameter ratio would accelerate the stiffness degradation of specimen. The effect of the replacement ratio of RCA on stiffness of specimen in the elastic stage is not obvious. A validated FE model is employed to conduct parametric studies to widen the available test results. Additionally, an analytical model for predicting the effective stiffness of the RSCFCST columns under eccentric compression is proposed based on the moment magnifier method, and verification of this method is performed using the test data and FE analysis.
Disease Activity, Occupational Participation, and Quality of Life for Individuals with and without Severe Fatigue in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Connolly Deirdre , Fitzpatrick Clodagh , O’Shea Finbar
Published: July 2019

Background. Fatigue is one of the most frequently reported symptoms by individuals with ankylosing spondylitis. However, it is often overlooked clinically and in research. Literature researching the impact of severe fatigue on occupational participation in ankylosing spondylitis is limited. Therefore, the aim of this research was to explore the impact of severe fatigue on occupational participation, disease activity, and quality of life in people with AS. Methods. A sequential exploratory mixed method study design was used in this study. Self-reported questionnaires gathered quantitative data which were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were generated through semistructured interviews and analysed using a content analysis approach. Results. Fifty individuals with AS completed all study questionnaires. Participants had a mean age of 46.5 years; 72% were men with a mean disease duration of 14.5 years. High fatigue was reported by 38% of participants using the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF). Fatigue was significantly associated with lower occupational participation (p=0.018), higher disease activity (p<0.001), higher pain (p<0.001), reduced physical capacity (p=0.018), lower quality of life (p<0.001), and lower global well-being (p<0.001). There were significant differences between those with low and high fatigue levels for occupational participation (p=0.007), disease activity (p<0.001), physical capacity (p=0.015), pain (p<0.001), and quality of life (p<0.001). Participants discussed the impact of fatigue on productivity and leisure. They also discussed a range of strategies for managing their fatigue but reported a lack of education from health professionals on managing this symptom. Conclusion. Severe fatigue is a prevalent symptom for individuals with ankylosing spondylitis and results in reduced occupational participation in productivity and leisure. Early fatigue management interventions may reduce the occupational participation impact of this symptom for individuals with ankylosing spondylitis.
Neck Grasp Predicts Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Edmonds P. J. , Gunasekaran K. , Edmonds L. C.
Published: July 2019

Aims. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder with high morbidity, mortality, and an increasing prevalence in the general population. It has an even higher prevalence among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, high blood pressure, body-mass-index, age, neck circumference and male gender (STOP-BANG) questionnaire and Berlin Questionnaire can be cumbersome in clinical practice and require subjective data on sleepiness. We proposed prospectively studying a primary care population with type 2 DM comparing neck grasp, neck circumference, and common screening questionnaires to identify OSA.Methods. Persons with a diagnosis of type 2 DM were recruited from a primary care clinic. Participants were screened using Easy Sleep Apnea Predictor (ESAP), STOP-Bang questionnaire, and Berlin questionnaire. A positive ESAP was defined as a 1cm gap when a patient encircled their hands around the neck. All subjects underwent in-laboratory PSG testing.Results. Forty-three participants were enrolled and the prevalence of OSA was 90.7% (AHI ≥ 5). The median BMI was 38.0. The prevalence of mild OSA by PSG (AHI 5-14) was 27.9%, moderate OSA (AHI 15-29) was 25.6%, and severe OSA (AHI >30) was 37.2%. For mild OSA both ESAP and neck circumference showed 100% specificity.Conclusions. This study reinforces the need for screening diabetic persons for obstructive sleep apnea. ESAP and neck circumference are useful for identifying persons with type 2 DM who are at risk for OSA. Together these findings could improve recognition of OSA in persons at risk for cardiovascular disease. Trial Registration of “Neck grasp as a predictor of Sleep Apnea,”https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02474823, Clinical Trials.gov Identifier, isNCT02474823.
Similarity Measures between Temporal Complex Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Application in Pattern Recognition and Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Khalaf Mohammed M. , Alharbi Sayer Obaid , Chammam Wathek
Published: July 2019

This work addresses the issue of similarity measures between two temporal complex Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets, many measures of similarity between complex Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets. What was proposed before did not consider the abstention group influence, which may lead to counterintuitive results in some cases. A new structure of temporal complex Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets is obtained. This set is formally generalized from a conventional Atanassov’s intuitionistic complex fuzzy sets. Here we analyze the limitations of the existing similarity measures. Then, a new similarity measure of temporal complex Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets is proposed and several numeric examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed measure. Finally, the proposed similarity measure is applied to pattern recognition and medical diagnosis.
Cu(II) and Ni(II) Complexes with New Tridentate NNS Thiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, Characterisation, DNA Interaction, and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Polo-Cerón Dorian
Published: July 2019

This paper reports the synthesis and detailed characterisation of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes with tridentate thiosemicarbazone ligands H2L1 and H2L2 derived from 2-acetylpyrazine. The ligands and their metal complexes were characterised by different physicochemical techniques, including elemental and thermogravimetric analysis; UV-Vis, IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy; molar conductance measurements; and mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of the H2L1 ligand was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The spectral data showed that the thiosemicarbazone behaves as an NNS tridentate ligand through the nitrogen atoms of the azomethine group and pyrazine ring and the sulphur atom of the thioamide group. Elemental and thermal analyses indicated that the obtained metal complexes had a 1 : 1 stoichiometry (metal-ligand). The interactions between these complexes and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were studied by electronic absorption and viscosity measurements. The activities of these compounds against oxidative DNA cleavage were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes can wind DNA strands through groove interactions and promote strand breakage of the plasmid pmCherry under oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, all the complexes could interact more strongly with DNA than could with the free ligands. Finally, the antibacterial activities of the ligands and their complexes were determined by in vitro tests against Gram-positive bacterial strains (S. aureus ATCC 25923, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115, and B. cereus ATCC 10876) and Gram-negative bacterial strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, and K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2146) using the broth microdilution method. The metal complexes showed greater antimicrobial activities than the precursor ligands against some of the microorganisms.
Evaluation of the Performance of Haemoglobin Colour Scale and Comparison with HemoCue Haemoglobin Assay in Diagnosing Childhood Anaemia: A Field Validation Study
Authors: Ughasoro Maduka Donatus , Madu Anazoeze Jude , Kela-Eke Iheoma Clara
Published: July 2019

Background. Anaemia in children has high mortality. We present the results of assessment of the accuracy of Haemoglobin Colour Scale in identifying anaemia compared with HemoCue assay. Methods. The presence of anaemia in 524 children from four communities was screened using the Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS) and HemoCue assay. Independent healthcare providers that estimated the haemoglobin level using Hb-301 haemoglobinometer were different from those that read the colour scale. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were estimated. Results. Of the 524 children surveyed, 44.5% (233/524), 50% (262/524), and 32.2% (168/524) were found to be anaemic using the HemoCue, HCS (p= 0.25), and clinical pallor (p=0.03) respectively. Using the HemoCue as standard, the sensitivity of the HCS and clinical pallor was 89.1% and 72.1%, respectively, and specificity 90.2% and 84.6%, respectively. 74.7 % of the colour scale result was within the 1.0g/dl of the HemoCue reading and 23 % was within 2.0g/dl. Conclusion. The HCS can improve the ability to detect anaemia especially where the use of the HemoCue is not feasible as in the resource poor countries. However, every case of anaemia requires further investigation to determine the underlying causes.
Several Geological Issues of Schrödinger Basin Exposed by CE-2 CELMS Data
Authors: Meng Z. G. , Wang H. H. , Zheng Y. C. , Wang Y. Z. , Miyamoto H. , Cai Z. C. , Ping J. S. , Zhu Y. Z.
Published: July 2019

The study on the Schrödinger basin may provide important clues about the formation of South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin. In this paper, the thermophysical features of Schrödinger basin were evaluated using the Chang’E-2 microwave sounder (CELMS) data. The results are as follows. (1) The geological units are reevaluated with the CELMS data and a new geological view was provided according to the brightness temperature and emissivity maps. (2) The surface topography plays an important role in the observed CELMS data. (3) The hot anomaly in the basin floor indicates a warm substrate. (4) The pyroxene-bearing anorthosite is probably an important cause for the cold anomaly over the lunar surface. Also, the study proves the applicability of the CELMS data applying in high latitude regions to a certain extent.
Effects of Active Oxygen Toothpaste in Supragingival Biofilm Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Cunha Emanuelle Juliana , Auersvald Caroline Moreira , Deliberador Tatiana Miranda , Gonzaga Carla Castiglia , Esteban Florez Fernando Luis , Correr Gisele Maria , Storrer Carmen Lucia M.
Published: July 2019

Gingivitis is still considered a major risk factor for the occurrence and progression of periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the long-term (1, 12, and 18 weeks) antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacies of two commercially available toothpastes, Colgate Total® (CT) and BlueM® (BM), against attached supragingival dental plaque and gingival inflammation in an experimental gingivitis model. A parallel double-blinded randomized clinical trial including 39 dental students who refrained from all plaque control methods (manual or chemical) for 7 days was conducted. After the establishment of clinical gingivitis, participants were randomized into two experimental groups (CT and BM). Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were then calculated according to Turesky’s modified Quigley and Hein index. Participants were assessed in four time periods (preclinical trial phase (W −1), gingivitis phase (W0), one week (W1), twelve weeks (W12), and eighteen weeks (W18)). Participants’ stimulated saliva was collected and cultured (either aerobically or anaerobically, 37°C, 48 hours) in each time period (W −1, W0, W1, W12, and W18) for the count of viable colonies. Obtained data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). No significant differences were found (p>0.05) between experimental groups at W −1. Significant differences between groups were observed at W0 (p<0.05) for the parameter time period, but not for the interaction between parameters (time period ∗ toothpastes). Lower bacterial counts were observed in both groups after one week of toothbrushing; however, no significant differences were found between investigated dentifrices. Intra- and intergroup comparisons revealed that significant differences were not found (p>0.05) between dentifrices at W1, W12, and W18 for both GI and PI. The present study demonstrated that toothpastes containing active oxygen and lactoferrin (BM) have comparable antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacies with triclosan-containing toothpastes (CT).
Reporting the Undiagnosed Cases of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses among Patients Undergoing Elective Eye Surgery in a Specialized Eye Hospital in Egypt
Authors: Dahab Ahmed A. , Youssef Maha Mohamed , Eid Hany Mohamed , Elsadi Khaled W.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and their long-term sequelae are considered a major health issue in Egypt. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among patients admitted for elective eye surgery in a specialized eye hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a specialized eye hospital, Cairo, Egypt. The study included consecutive patients admitted for elective eye surgery in the period from April 2015 to June 2016. Age, sex, and procedure done were recorded for all patients. All the subjects were screened for HBV and HCV by rapid chromatography immunoassay; if positive, the results had to be confirmed by ELISA. Results. 3067 patients admitted for elective eye surgery were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 50.85 ± 19.77 years. There were 1592 (51.9%) males and 1475 (48.1%) females. The prevalence of preoperative positive HBV and HCV was 7/3067 (0.2%) and 381/3067 (12.4%), respectively. Conclusion. Given the high prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in our population in general and in this study specifically, all patients admitted for surgery should be screened for both viruses.
Floppy Closing Door Epiglottis Treated Successfully with an Mhealth Application Based on Myofunctional Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: O’Connor Reina Carlos , Plaza Mayor Guillermo , Ignacio-Garcia Jose Maria , Baptista Jardin Peter , Garcia-Iriarte Maria Teresa , Casado-Morente Juan Carlos
Published: July 2019

We introduce the first case reported to date of a floppy closing door epiglottis in an OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) patient treated successfully with an Mhealth smartphone application based on myofunctional therapy.
A Retrospective Analysis of Crayfish-Related Rhabdomyolysis (Haff Disease)
Authors: Huang Changbao , Peng Liangfei , Gong Nengkai , Xue Cheng , Wang Weihua , Jiang Jinghan
Published: July 2019

Objective. To investigate the epidemiologic and etiologic factors, clinical features, therapeutic regimen, and prognosis of crayfish-related rhabdomyolysis (Haff disease). Methods. Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 29 patients with crayfish-related rhabdomyolysis (Haff disease) from July to August 2016, summarized the clinical characteristics, and evaluated the prognosis. Results. Clinical data of a total of 29 cases of Haff disease were retrospectively analyzed. The disease onset occurred after consumption of cooked crayfish with the incubation period ranging from 1 h to 48 h. There were no gender differences and significantly elevated CK in the duration with peak value of 41575.0U/L; the median value was 2445.0U/L (range: from 1187.0 U/L to 4722.0 U/L) and there was coincident elevated CK-MB. There was also no hepatorenal damage and transient urinalysis was abnormal. The most common presenting symptoms were myalgia (100%), weakness and numbness (51.7%), chest tightness and chest pain (41.4%), back pain (41.4%), and extremities pain (37.9%). All the patients recovered and no patients died. Conclusions. Crayfish-related rhabdomyolysis (Haff disease) is a kind of a case or cluster of patients present with severe myalgia or weakness of unknown etiology and mechanism disease; however, the clinical signs and symptoms are relatively mild with favorable outcome.
Danazol: An Effective and Underutilised Treatment Option in Diamond-Blackfan Anaemia
Authors: Chai Kern Y. , Quijano Cara J. , Chiruka Shingirai
Published: July 2019

Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a rare congenital red cell aplasia that presents in infancy. The exact molecular mechanism of ineffective erythropoiesis and red cell aplasia remains unclear, rendering targeted therapy elusive. The mainstay treatment of DBA is with regular blood transfusion and long-term corticosteroids, both of which have long-term side effects. We report a case of DBA successfully treated with danazol, a synthetic androgen, and suggest that danazol be considered as a viable option in patients who become refractory to steroids and are considered high risk or unfit for allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Predictive Model for the Risk of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children
Authors: Mukuku Olivier , Mutombo Augustin Mulangu , Kamona Lewis Kipili , Lubala Toni Kasole , Mawaw Paul Makan , Aloni Michel Ntetani , Wembonyama Stanislas Okitotsho , Luboya Oscar Numbi
Published: July 2019

Background. The nutritional status is the best indicator of the well-being of the child. Inadequate feeding practices are the main factors that affect physical growth and mental development. The aim of this study was to develop a predictive score of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children under 5 years of age.Methods. It was a case-control study. The case group (n = 263) consisted of children aged 6 to 59 months admitted to hospital for SAM that was defined by az-score weight/height < −3 SD or presence of edema of malnutrition. We performed a univariate and multivariate analysis. Discrimination score was assessed using the ROC curve and the calibration of the score by Hosmer–Lemeshow test.Results. Low birth weight, history of recurrent or chronic diarrhea, daily meal’s number less than 3, age of breastfeeding’s cessation less than 6 months, age of introduction of complementary diets less than 6 months, maternal age below 25 years, parity less than 5, family history of malnutrition, and number of children under 5 over 2 were predictive factors of SAM. Presence of these nine criteria affects a certain number of points; a score <6 points defines children at low risk of SAM, a score between 6 and 8 points defines a moderate risk of SAM, and a score >8 points presents a high risk of SAM. The area under ROC curve of this score was 0.9685, its sensitivity was 93.5%, and its specificity was 93.1%.Conclusion. We propose a simple and efficient prediction model for the risk of occurrence of SAM in children under 5 years of age in developing countries. This predictive model of SAM would be a useful and simple clinical tool to identify people at risk, limit high rates of malnutrition, and reduce disease and child mortality registered in developing countries.
Mallet Finger Lattice Casts Using 3D Printing
Authors: Choi Hyeunwoo , Seo Anna , Lee Jongmin
Published: July 2019

Currently, research based on the technology and applications of 3D printing is being actively pursued. 3D printing technology, also called additive manufacturing, is widely and increasingly used in the medical field. This study produced custom casts for the treatment of mallet finger using plaster of Paris, which was traditionally used in clinical practice, and 3D printing technology, and evaluated their advantages and disadvantages for patients by conducting a wearability assessment. Mallet finger casts produced using plaster of Paris, when incorrectly made, can result in skin necrosis and other problems for patients. These problems can be mitigated, however, by creating casts using 3D printing technology. Additionally, plaster casts or ready-made alternatives can be inconvenient with respect to rapid treatment of patients. In contrast, 3D-printed casts appear to provide patients with appropriate treatment and increase their satisfaction because they are small in size, custom-made for each patient, and can be quickly made and immediately applied in clinical practice.
Study on Permeability of Steel Slag and Steel Slag Modifying Silt Soil as New Geo‐Backfill Materials
Authors: Wang Liyan , Yan Jiatao , Wang Qi , Wang Binghui , Ishimwe Aimable
Published: July 2019

To make steel slag being reasonably used in geotechnical backfilling projects or soft foundation treatment projects, three kinds of steel slag such as fine, coarse, and gravel steel slag were studied through particle analysis tests, relative density tests, and specific gravity tests to obtain basic physical parameters. Considering the influence of relative density, gradation, and other factors, constant head permeability tests of pure steel slag and variable head permeability tests of modified silt soil with different mixing contents of steel slag were carried out to test permeability coefficients under various working conditions. Prediction formulas on the permeability coefficients of the three kinds of pure steel slag and steel slag‐treated silt soil were, respectively, deduced. It was concluded that the permeability coefficient of pure steel slag was greatly influenced by particle size and relative density, similar to the case of permeability coefficients of fly ash and fine sand in their dense states, and the larger the relative density was, the smaller the permeability coefficient was. The permeability coefficient of steel slag‐treated silt soil increased with increasing of mixing content of steel slag, showing that steel slag can obviously improve the permeability performance of silt soil. Research results provide reference for design and construction on the application of steel slag in roadbed backfill, steel slag modifying silt soil, and other projects.
Multidrug-resistantStaphylococcus aureusColonization in Healthy Adults Is more Common in Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal than Those Resettled in Ohio
Authors: Kadariya Jhalka , Thapaliya Dipendra , Bhatta Sabana , Mahatara Ram Lal , Bempah Sandra , Dhakal Nabin , Smith Tara C.
Published: July 2019

Although studies have shown that human migration is one of the risk factors for the spread of drug-resistant organisms such as methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), surveillance studies examining MRSA among refugee populations in the US are lacking. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and molecular characteristics ofS. aureusamong Bhutanese refugees living in Nepal and resettled in Northeast Ohio (NEO). One hundred adult Bhutanese refugees from each geographic location were enrolled between August 2015 and January 2016. The participants were interviewed to collect demographic information and potential risk factors for carriage. Nasal and throat swabs were collected for bacterial isolation. AllS. aureusisolates were characterized byspatyping and tested for the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) andmecA genes; selected isolates were tested by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The overall prevalence ofS. aureuswas 66.0% and 44.0% in NEO and Nepal, respectively. In Nepal, 5.8% (3/52) of isolates were MRSA and 1.1% (1/88) in NEO. Twenty-one isolates in NEO (23.9%) were multidrug-resistantS. aureus(MDRSA), while 23 (44.2%) in Nepal were MDRSA. In NEO, 41spatypes were detected from 88S. aureusisolates. In Nepal, 32spatypes were detected from 52S. aureusisolates.spatypes t1818 and t345 were most common in NEO and Nepal, respectively. The overall prevalence of PVL-positive isolates amongS. aureusin Nepal and NEO was 25.0% and 10.2%. ST5 was the most common sequence type in both locations. Bhutanese refugees living in Nepal and resettled in NEO had high prevalence ofS. aureusand MDRSA.The findings suggest a potential need for CA-MRSA surveillance among the immigrant population in the U S and among people living in Nepal, and a potential need to devise appropriate public health measures to mitigate the risk imposed by community-associated strains ofS. aureusand MRSA.
Stable Numerical Solutions Preserving Qualitative Properties of Nonlocal Biological Dynamic Problems
Authors: Piqueras M.-A. , Company R. , Jódar L.
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with solving numerically partial integrodifferential equations appearing in biological dynamics models when nonlocal interaction phenomenon is considered. An explicit finite difference scheme is proposed to get a numerical solution preserving qualitative properties of the solution. Gauss quadrature rules are used for the computation of the integral part of the equation taking advantage of its accuracy and low computational cost. Numerical analysis including consistency, stability, and positivity is included as well as numerical examples illustrating the efficiency of the proposed method.
LCZ696 Therapy Reduces Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Inducibility in a Myocardial Infarction-Induced Heart Failure Rat Model
Authors: Chang Po-Cheng , Lin Shien-Fong , Chu Yen , Wo Hung-Ta , Lee Hui-Ling , Huang Yu-Chang , Wen Ming-Shien , Chou Chung-Chuan
Published: July 2019

Background. LCZ696 (valsartan/sacubitril) therapy significantly reduced mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Although a clinical trial (PARADISE-MI Trial) has been ongoing to examine the effects of LCZ696 in myocardial infarction (MI) patients, the effects of LCZ696 on remodeling of cardiac electrophysiology in animal models remain largely unclear. Methods. We performed coronary artery ligation to create MI in Sprague-Dawley rats. Echocardiography was performed one week after MI to confirm the development of HF with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%. MI rats were randomly assigned to receive medical therapy for 4 weeks: LCZ696, enalapril, or vehicle. The sham-operation rats received sham operation without MI creation. In vivo electrophysiological exams were performed under general anesthesia. Western blot analyses were conducted to quantify ion channel proteins. Results. The HF-vehicle group did not show significant changes in LVEF. Both enalapril and LCZ696 therapy significantly improved LVEF. The HF-vehicle group had higher ventricular arrhythmia (VA) inducibility than the sham group. As compared with the HF-vehicle group, LCZ696 therapy significantly reduced VA inducibility, but enalapril therapy did not. Western blot analyses showed significant downregulation of NaV1.5, ERG, KCNE1, and KCNE2 channel proteins in the HF vehicle group compared with the sham group. LCZ696 therapy upregulated protein expression of ERG, KCNE1, and KCNE2. Conclusion. As compared with enalapril therapy, LCZ696 therapy led to improvement of LVEF, reduced VA inducibility, and upregulated expression of K+ channel proteins.
Combined Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer with Tithonia Biomass Improves Grain Yield and Agronomic Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Hybrid Maize
Authors: Endris Solomon
Published: July 2019

Low soil phosphorous level is among several constraints limiting crop productivity in southwestern Ethiopia. The dominant soil types in the region are acidic nitosols that are low in plant-available phosphorus. Most farmers cultivate maize with minimal external inputs and hence result in suboptimal yield levels. The effect of applying Tithonia biomass and phosphorus fertilizer on the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus and yield of maize was therefore investigated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) biomass and Triple Superphosphate (TSP) were used as organic and inorganic sources of phosphorus, respectively. Significant treatment differences (P<0.01) were observed for most of the parameters studied including agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity (PFP), and grain yield. Agronomic phosphorus use efficiency increased from 26.3 at the sole TSP to 163 at treatment 7, a staggering 520% increment when combined with Tithonia biomass. Similarly, PFP of phosphorus increased from 169.1 to 324.8. At the same time, 53% increment of the grain yield was recorded over the control. Although applying the highest Tithonia biomass alone gave the highest grain yield, application of just 50% of the highest rate of Tithonia biomass and TSP looks more appealing to smallholder maize producers in the region. The result therefore indicated that Tithonia biomass could be utilized in smallholder maize production system as a source of plant nutrients such as phosphorus; it also emphasized the need to allot more resources and attention in exploring locally available and cheap sources of plant nutrients which could augment crop productivity amid the mounting financial challenges faced by farmers in the region.
A Preoperative Analytical Model for Patient-Specific Impingement Analysis in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Gu Yolanda , Pierrepont Jim , Stambouzou Catherine , Li Qing , Baré Jonathan
Published: July 2019

Prosthetic impingement is important to consider during total hip arthroplasty planning to minimise the risk of joint instability. Modelling impingement preoperatively can assist in defining the required component alignment for each individual. We developed an analytical impingement model utilising a combination of mathematical calculations and an automated computational simulation to determine the risk of prosthetic impingement. The model assesses cup inclination and anteversion angles that are associated with prosthetic impingement using patient-specific inputs, such as stem anteversion, planned implant types, and target Range of Motion (ROM). The analysed results are presented as a range of cup inclination and anteversion angles over which a colour map indicates an impingement-free safe zone in green and impingement risk zones in red. A validation of the model demonstrates accuracy within +/- 1.4° of cup inclination and anteversion. The study further investigated the impact of changes in stem anteversion, femoral head size, and head offset on prosthetic impingement, as an example of the application of the model.
Predictive Analytics of In‐Service Bridge Structural Performance from SHM Data Mining Perspective: A Case Study
Authors: Jin Qiwen , Liu Zheng , Bin Junchi , Ren Weixin
Published: July 2019

In‐service bridge structural performance analysis and prediction are usually complicated and challenging because of many unknown and uncertain factors. Contrary to the traditional structural appearance inspections and load tests, structural health monitoring (SHM) can provide a perspective for online analysis, prediction, and early warning. So far, SHM has been widely used in many bridge structures, and a lot of bridge SHM data have also been collected. However, the existing studies usually focus on some independent and unsystematic analysis methods, which are hard to use widely in engineering applications to reveal the overall structural performance. This study focuses on the structural performance analysis and prediction of the highway in‐service bridge. The dynamic problems in bridge SHM are pointed out firstly, followed by a detailed analysis about the characteristics of bridge SHM data. With the consideration of different characteristics, three targeted analysis methods are proposed. An urban concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) truss girder bridge (opened to traffic in 1995) is also presented, which once experienced some prominent vibration problems. The bridge SHM system is designed and stalled after several appearance inspections, load tests, and some reinforcement measures. The data mining methods proposed (distribution function, association analysis, and time‐series analysis) are employed for the analysis and prediction of structural response and deterioration extent. This study can provide some references for maintenance and management and can also build a foundation for further online analysis and early warning.
First Biomimetic Fixation for Resurfacing Arthroplasty: Investigation in Swine of a Prototype Partial Knee Endoprosthesis
Authors: Rogala Piotr , Uklejewski Ryszard , Winiecki Mariusz , Dąbrowski Mikołaj , Gołańczyk Jacek , Patalas Adam
Published: July 2019

Resurfacing hip and knee endoprostheses are generally embedded in shallow, prepared areas in the bone and secured with cement. Massive cement penetration into periarticular bone, although it provides sufficient primary fixation, leads to the progressive weakening of peri-implant bone and results in failures. The aim of this paper was to investigate in an animal model the first biomimetic fixation of components of resurfacing arthroplasty endoprostheses by means of the innovative multispiked connecting scaffold (MSC-Scaffold). The partial resurfacing knee arthroplasty (RKA) endoprosthesis working prototype with the MSC-Scaffold was designed for biomimetic fixation investigations using reverse engineering methods and manufactured by selective laser melting. After Ca-P surface modification of bone contacting surfaces of the MSC-Scaffold, the working prototypes were implanted in 10 swines. Radiological, histopathological, and micro-CT examinations were performed on retrieved bone-implant specimens. Clinical examination confirmed very good stability (4 in 5-point Likert scale) of the operated knee joints. Radiological examinations showed good implant fixation (radiolucency less than 2 mm) without any signs of migration. Spaces between the MSC-Scaffold spikes were penetrated by bone tissue. The histological sections showed newly formed trabecular bone tissue between the spikes, and the trabeculae of periscaffold bone were seen in contact with the spikes. The micro-CT results showed the highest percentage of bone tissue ingrowths into the MSC-Scaffold at a distance of 2.5÷3.0 mm from the spikes bases. The first biomimetic fixation for resurfacing arthroplasty was successfully verified in 10 swines investigations using RKA endoprosthesis working prototypes. The performed research shows that the MSC-Scaffold allows for cementless and biomimetic fixation of resurfacing endoprosthesis components in periarticular cancellous bone.
A Hybrid Metaheuristic of Integrating Estimation of Distribution Algorithm with Tabu Search for the Max‐Mean Dispersion Problem
Authors: Nijimbere Dieudonné , Zhao Songzheng , Liu Haichao , Peng Bo , Zhang Aijun
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a hybrid metaheuristic that combines estimation of distribution algorithm with tabu search (EDA‐TS) for solving the max‐mean dispersion problem. The proposed EDA‐TS algorithm essentially alternates between an EDA procedure for search diversification and a tabu search procedure for search intensification. The designed EDA procedure maintains an elite set of high quality solutions, based on which a conditional preference probability model is built for generating new diversified solutions. The tabu search procedure uses a fast 1‐flip move operator for solution improvement. Experimental results on benchmark instances with variables ranging from 500 to 5000 disclose that our EDA‐TS algorithm competes favorably with state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in the literature. Additional analysis on the parameter sensitivity and the merit of the EDA procedure as well as the search balance between intensification and diversification sheds light on the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Efficacy of Routine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nowak Alexandra , Hedenstierna Magnus , Ursing Johan , Lidman Christer , Nowak Piotr
Published: July 2019

Background. Patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) constitute an increasing treatment problem. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown promising results of treating recurrent CDI, where treatment with antibiotics fails repeatedly. Our study describes retrospective cohort treated with FMT at two major hospitals in Stockholm. Methods. Medical records of all patients with recurrent CDI treated with FMT during the period 2013–2017 were reviewed. We evaluated cure of CDI-related diarrhea without relapse 10 weeks after FMT. Results. 47 patients were included. One treatment cured 25 patients (53%), and more than one treatment cured 32 patients (68%). Treatment outcome did not vary significantly with treatment with fresh donor feces or frozen fecal culture, days of use of antibiotics or days of hospitalization prior to CDI, and renal function or time from the first CDI to therapy. Treatment failure was associated with a significantly lower Karnofsky performance status score (70 points vs 90, p=0.02). Conclusion. Fecal instillation, for the treatment of relapsing CDI, is a promising approach, with 68% success rate reported in this study. The success rate of FMT is high, regardless of multiple comorbidities, extended use of antibiotics, or long time hospitalization. Although generally FMT is performed with fresh donor feces, our data show that the usage of frozen fecal culture could be an effective treatment alternative in recurrent CDI.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Jianpi Huoxue Formula on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet in Rat
Authors: Feng Yu , Chen Yan , Yang Binrui , Lan Qingping , Wang Tao , Cui Guozhen , Ren Zhitao , Choi I. Cheong , Leung George Pak-Heng , Yan Fenggen , Chen Dacan , Yu Hon Ho , Lee Simon Ming Yuen
Published: July 2019

In parallel with the prevalence metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in most countries. It features a constellation of simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. There are no approved drugs for effective management of NAFLD and NASH. Jianpi Huoxue formula (JPHX) mainly consists of Atractylodes macrocephal(Baizhu), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), Rasux Paeonia Alba (Baishao), Rhizoma Alismatis (Zexie), and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis (Wuweizi), which may have beneficial effects on NAFLD. The aim of the study was to identify the effect of JPHX on NAFLD.A NAFLD model was induced by methionine-choline-deficient food (MCD) in Wistar rats and orally administered with simultaneous JPHX, once a day for 8 weeks. Hepatocellular injury, lipid profile, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis were evaluated. The results showed that JPHX significantly decreased the abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels compared with the MCD model (P<0.05). Furthermore, JPHX protected MCD diet-fed rats from accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Histological examination demonstrated that JPHX noticeably normalized the NAFLD activity score (NAS). Moreover, JPHX ameliorated liver inflammation by decreasing TNF-αlevels and reduced collagen and matrix metalloproteinases in MCD diet-fed rats. In addition, JPHX prevented rats from MCD-induced cellular apoptosis, as suggested by TUNEL staining, and suppressed the activation of caspase 3 and 7 proteins. JPHX also inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK. In conclusion, JPHX exhibited a hepatoprotective effect against NAFLD in an MCD experimental model.
Photosynthetic Pigments Contained in Surface Sediments from the Hydrothermal System of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
Authors: Ramírez-Ortega D. B. , Soto L. A. , Estradas-Romero A. , Hernández-Sandoval F. E.
Published: July 2019

In the exploration of the hydrothermal system of the Guaymas Basin (GB) between 27° 00′ 35′′ and 27° 00′ 50′′ N and 111° 24′ 15′′ and 111° 24′ 40′′ W in the Gulf of California, carried out on the R/V Atlantis and of the DSRV/Alvin in October 2008, four cores of surface sediments were obtained to analyse photosynthetic pigments at two locations with contrasting extreme conditions: Oil Town and Great Pagoda. We identified nine pigments: Chlorophyll-a, Phaeophytin-a, Phaeophorbide-a, Pyropheophytin-a (degradation Chlorophyll-a products), β-Carotene, Alloxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Diadinoxanthin, and Prasinoxanthin (carotenoids). The maximum pigment concentration was registered in the Great Pagoda (10,309 ng/g) and the minimum in Oil Town (918 ng/g). It is demonstrated that photosynthetic pigment profiles in surface sediments depend on the heterogeneity of the extreme conditions of each site caused mainly by temperature and bacterial substrates. Therefore, there were significant differences (p <0.05) in the pigmentary profile of the four sedimentary cores analyzed. However, no statistical differences (p > 0.05) in the concentration of pigments have been detected. We conclude that the photosynthetic pigments contained in the surface sediments of the hydrothermal vents in the Guaymas Basin are primarily of chemoautotrophic bacterial origin.
The Use of the Finite Elements Method (FEM) to Determine the Optimal Angle of Force Application in Relation to Grooves Notched into a Zirconia Coping with the Aim of Reducing Load on a Connection with Veneering Ceramic
Authors: Śmielak Beata , Klimek Leszek , Świniarski Jacek
Published: July 2019

Objective of Study. To investigate, using the FEM, the influence of different notching angles on a zirconium dioxide coping with the aim of establishing the optimal connection conditions with veneering ceramic. Materials and Methods. To calculate the stresses in the connection between zirconia coping and veneering ceramic, a model comprising grooves cut perpendicular was adopted. Such a notch profile was used to design the shape and spacing of the grooves on an FEM model simulating a zirconium dioxide coping. For discretization purposes we used twenty-node solid BRICK elements featuring intermediate nodes with three degrees of freedom in each node. The model was divided into 117 745 finished elements and 439 131 nodes. The problem was solved with a GLU type contact. The same load F = 1N divided by the number of nodes on the external surface was applied to each node of the outer surface of the base. In subsequent computing variants the F load changed the orientation by angle α from 0° to 45° every 15°. Results. The highest level of material strain occurs at angle α = 0°  σred  max =309 MPa and the lowest at angle α = 45°  σred  max =220 MPa. The highest positive stress pressure occurs at angle α = 0°  pmax=251 MPa, pmin=-354 MPa and the lowest at angle α = 15°, pmax=171 MPa, pmin=-186 MPa. In the case of tangential stresses on the coping-veneering ceramic connection, the highest values were noted at angle α = 15°  τmax=44,4 MPa and the lowest at angle α = 45°  τmax=32,7 MPa. Conclusions. To reduce the load on the zirconia-veneering ceramic connection, the notches should be made at an angle of α = 45°.