bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan terhadap Penggunaan Obat Parasetamol Rasional dalam Swamedikasi
Authors: Syafitri Irma Nurtiana , Hidayati Ika Ratna , Pristianty Liza
Published: January 2019

Pendahuluan: Obat yang paling umum digunakan untuk pengobatan sendiri yaitu parasetamol. Parasetamol digunakan untuk menghilangkan nyeri ringan sedang dan kondisi demam ringan. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan penggunaan obat parasetamol yang rasional dalam swamedikasi pada mahasiswa Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan metode cross sectional dimana pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuisioner. Mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik tentang obat parasetamol sebesar 70% (61 orang), mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang obat parasetamol sebesar 26% (23 orang), mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang tentang obat parasetamol sebesar 4% (3 orang) dan tidak ada mahasiswa yang berpengetahuan tidak baik. Mahasiswa dengan tindakan positif (penggunaan obat parasetamol rasional) sebesar 53% (46 orang) dan mahasiswa dengan tindakan negatif (penggunaan obat parasetamol tidak rasional) sebesar 47% (41 orang). Hasil: Hasil analisis korelasi spearman dengan nilai r hitung lebih besar daripada nilai r tabel (0,301 > 0,213) dan nilai signifikan kurang dari α = 0,05 (0,005 < 0,050) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,301 (30%) menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antar variabel rendah. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan terhadap penggunaan obat parasetamol rasional dalam swamedikasi pada mahasiswa Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Validation of Thin-Layer Chromatography-Bioautographic Method for Determination of Streptomycin
Authors: Isnaeni Isnaeni , Astuti Andri , Yuwono Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Background: A simple bio-assay for determination of streptomycin hyphenated with planar chromatography techniques was developed. Objective: This study aims to validate the method for identification and determination of streptomycin in injection preparations with TLC-bioautography. Methods: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was performed on the silica Gel GF-254 using KH2PO4 solution as mobile solvent. The visualization was performed by spraying 2% resorcinol. Direct bi autography was developed using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as a bacterial test, grown on the nutrient agar medium at 37oC for 24 hours. The method was validated corresponding to linearity, limit of detection (LOD), intra day precision, and accuracy parameters. The accuracy was measured using streptomycin injection as a sample. Results: The Results showed that the KH2PO4 solution at 7.5% concentration was found to be the optimized solvent with Rf value of 0.5. The linear equation was y = 10.176x + 4.046 at 150 - 350 µg/mL concentration range with the linearity coefficient, Limit of Detection, accuracy, and variation coefficient were 0.9907; 40 ppm; 96.37 + 2.22% (with an RSD value of 2.31%); and 1.63 respectively. Conclusion: The prospective TLC-bioautographic method was applied for the identification and determination of streptomycin in a preparation using a single eluent KH2PO4. The eluent system optimization remains necessary for the identification and determination of the mixture of streptomycin with other antibiotics, such as aminoglycoside groups.
Potensi Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Etanol Spons Agelas cavernosa
Authors: Aristyawan Andhika Dwi , Sugijanto Noor Erma , Suciati Suciati
Published: January 2019

Pendahuluan: Beberapa spons dari genus Agelas telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antimikroba, namun belum ada laporan tentang aktivitas antimikroba dari Agelas cavernosa. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol dari spons Agelas cavernosa. Metode: Aktivitas antibakteri pada ekstrak ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi terhadap Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Pereaksi warna p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride ditambahkan dalam sumuran untuk memvisualisasikan adanya bakteri hidup. Hasil:  ekstrak etanol dari spons A. cavernosa menghambat pertumbuhan ketiga bakteri uji dengan aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi pada Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 dengan MIC 150 ppm. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak ethanol A. cavernosa menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri.
Pengaruh Nutrisi pada Produksi dan Karakterisasi Protease dari Bakteri Termofilik Isolat LS-1 Lumpur Sidoarjo
Authors: Poernomo Achmad Toto , Isnaeni Isnaeni , Agus Djoko , Dewi Ayu Chandra , Suryagama Digdo
Published: January 2019

Pendahuluan: Telah dilakukan produksi protease dari bakteri termofilik isolat LS-1 yang dikulturkan dalam media cair mengandung natrium sitrat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum produksi protease pada isolat bakteri termofilik lumpur Sidoarjo. Metode: Produksi protease dilakukan pada berbagai waktu, sumber karbon dan nitrogen. Karakterisasi protease dilakukan dengan menggunakan substrat azokasein dengan pengaruh berbagai suhu, pH dan pengaruh ion logam. Hasil:  Produk enzim mencapai maksimum pada 10 jam dengan aktivitas 1,85U/mg protein. Beberapa sumber karbon yang dibutuhkan untuk produksi protease dalam penelitian ini telah dioptimasi. Amilum adalah substrat terbaik, diikuti oleh natrium sitrat, asam sitrat dan sukrosa. Di antara berbagai sumber nitrogen organik dan anorganik NH4NO3 telah diketahui yang terbaik. Studi karakterisasi protease yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan suhu optimum pada 60ºC. Enzim stabil selama 2 jam pada suhu 30ºC, sementara pada suhu 40ºC dan 80ºC, menurun masing masing 16% dan 86% dari aktivitas awal. Pencapaian pH optimum enzim diketahui 8,0. Setelah larutan enzim kasar dinkubasi selama 24 jam pada pH 5,5, 8,0 dan 9,0, terjadi penurunan sekitar masing-masing 49%, 15% dan 63% dari aktivitas sebelumnya. Pengaruh K+, Hg2+ dan Cu2+ pada konsentrasi 1mM sebagai inhibitor kuat sehingga mengakibatkan hilangnya aktivitas. Ion yang berkontribusi mempengaruhi aktivitas adalah Mn2+ dan Ca2+, yang menunjukkan bahwa ion ini memiliki peran fungsional dalam struktur molekul enzim. Kesimpulan: Produksi protease optimum oleh bakteri termofilik isolat LS-1 pada waktu      10 jam. Amilum  adalah substrat terbaik untuk produksi protease. Suhu dan temperatur optimum aktivitas protease masing masing pada suhu 60ºC dan pH 8,0. Aktivitas Protease dipengaruhi oleh ion logam Mn2+ dan Ca2+.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Luiza Helena Oliveira da , Silva Rosemere Ferreira da
Published: January 2019

Apresentação do dossiê da edição especial da EntreLetras dedicada a Lewis Ricardo Gordon.
Corticospinal Excitability to the Biceps Brachii Is not Different when Arm Cycling at a Self-Selected or Fixed Cadence
Authors: Lockyer Evan J. , Nippard Anna P. , Kean Kaitlyn , Hollohan Nicole , Button Duane C. , Power Kevin E.
Published: January 2019

Background: The present study compared corticospinal excitability to the biceps brachii muscle during arm cycling at a self-selected and a fixed cadence (SSC and FC, respectively). We hypothesized that corticospinal excitability would not be different between the two conditions. Methods: The SSC was initially performed and the cycling cadence was recorded every 5 seconds for one minute. The average cadence of the SSC cycling trial was then used as a target or FC of cycling that the participants were instructed to maintain. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex were recorded from the biceps brachii during each trial of SSC and FC arm cycling. Results: Corticospinal excitability as assessed via normalized MEP amplitudes (MEPs were made relative to a maximal compound muscle action potential) were not different between groups. Conclusions: Focusing on maintaining a FC cadence during arm cycling does not influence corticospinal excitability as assessed via TMS-evoked MEPs.
Regeneration of the Periodontal Apparatus in Aggressive Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Artzi Zvi , Sudri Shiran , Platner Ori , Kozlovsky Avital
Published: January 2019

The aim of this article is to evaluate and compare, retrospectively, the efficacy of two regenerative periodontal procedures in patients suffering from aggressive periodontitis (AgP). Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with AgP, suffering from multiple intra-bony defects (IBD); that were treated by one of two regenerative modalities of periodontal therapy randomly assigned to each patient: a. guided tissue regeneration (GTR) or b. an application of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) combined with DBX. The monitoring of the treated sites included recordings of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession. Pre-treatment and follow-up (up to 10 years from the surgery) recordings were analyzed statistically within and between groups. A significant reduction was shown at time on PD and CAL values, however, not between subject groups. CAL values decreased in all sites. At EMD group (44 sites) CAL gain was 1.92 mm (±1.68) from pre-treatment to follow-up (p<0.001) and at the GTR group (12 sites) CAL gain of 2.27 (±1.82) mm. In conclusion, 1-10 years observations have shown that surgical treatment of AgP patients by either GTR or by application of EMD/DBX results in similar successful clinical results.
Water Availability Assessment of Shale Gas Production in the Weiyuan Play, China
Authors: Wu Xia , Jun Xia , Guan Baoshan , Yan Xinming , Zou Lei , Liu Ping , Yang Lifeng , Hong Si , Hu Sheng
Published: January 2019

Innovations and improvements in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal well technologies have contributed to the success of the shale gas industry; however, the industry is also challenged by freshwater use and environmental health issues. Increasing water impact makes precise quantification of water consumption important. The objective in this study was to better understand water sustainability and availability of the projected shale gas from 2018 to 2030 in the Weiyuan play, China. The water footprint framework was used to quantify the potential water use and environmental impacts on different time scales. The results showed that the water use per well ranged from 11351.3 to 60664.73 m3, with a median of 36013.94 m3, totaling ~3.44 Mm3 for 97 wells. Yearly evaluation results showed that the gray water footprint was the main contributor and accounted for 83.82% to 96.76%, which was dependent on different scenarios of treatment percentages. The monthly environmental impact results indicated that the annual streamflow statistics were more likely to prevent water withdrawal. Water quality issues may be alleviated through recycling and retreatment measures that improve current waste water management strategies. Resource regulators should manage their water resources by matching water demand to water availability or replenishment.
Reasons for Doing Physical Exercise Mediating in the Role of Self-Esteem in Uncontrolled Eating in Nursing Personnel
Authors: Pérez-Fuentes María del Carmen , Molero Jurado María del Mar , Simón Márquez María del Mar , Gázquez Linares José Jesús
Published: January 2019

Background: Since the beginning of the 20th century, the importance of creating healthy work environments and promoting the health of workers in the healthcare sector to create Healthy and Resilient Organizations has been emphasized. In this context, self-esteem is an essential construct which influences health and healthy life styles, and therefore, the general wellbeing of nurses. The objective of this study was to analyze the mediating role of reasons for exercising in the effect that self-esteem has on uncontrolled eating by nursing professionals. Methods: The sample was made up of 1094 nurses who were administered the Rosenberg General Self-esteem Scale, the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Results: Bivariate correlation analysis and multiple mediation analysis showed that self-esteem has direct and indirect effects on uncontrolled eating. More so, self-esteem predicts doing physical exercise to improve one’s image, recognition and social affiliation, although the effects on uncontrolled eating were only significant through image. Conclusions: The results have important practical implications in the framework of Positive Occupational Health Psychology (POHP) as it emphasizes self-esteem, physical exercise and eating as essential aspects of the health and wellbeing of employees in the healthcare sector, highlighting the importance of creating organizations committed to promoting the psychosocial health of their workers.
The Concentrations and Removal Efficiency of PM10 and PM2.5 on Wetland in Beijing
Authors: Li Chunyi , Huang Yilan , Guo Huanhuan , Wu Gaojie , Wang Yifei , Li Wei , Cui Lijuan
Published: January 2019

Particulate matter is a severe source of atmospheric pollution in urban cities, and it has adverse effects on human health. This study was conducted during the whole year of 2016 to monitor the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 on the Beijing Hanshiqiao wetland and bare land in Beijing to analyze their correlations with meteorological factors and compare the removal efficiency between two land surface types. The results indicated that (1) the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations on the bare land were higher than those on wetland as a whole, reaching the highest value both at night and dusk and the lowest value near noon. The average concentration of PM10 was higher in winter (wetland: 137.48 μg·m-3; bare land: 164.75 μg·m-3) and spring (wetland: 205.18 μg·m-3; bare land: 244.85 μg·m-3) and the concentration of PM2.5 on the wetland also reached the higher value in winter and spring with the average of 84.52 μg·m-3 and 98.98 μg·m-3, whereas, it was higher in spring and summer on the bare land; (2) concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly positively affected by the relative humidity (P < 0.01) and negatively influenced by wind speed (P < 0.05). The relationship between PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and temperature was found complicated: it showed a significantly negative correlation (P < 0.01) in winter and spring and was insignificant in autumn, but in summer, only the correlation between the PM10 concentration and temperature on wetland was significant (P < 0.01); (3) the removal efficiencies of PM10 and PM2.5 followed the order of spring > winter > autumn > summer on the wetland, and the removal efficiency of PM10 was greater than that of PM2.5. This study is aim to provide practical measures to improve the air quality and facilitate sustainable development in Beijing.
Inorganic and Hybrid Perovskite Based Laser Devices : A Review
Authors: Stylianakis Minas , Maksudov Temur , Panagiotopoulos Apostolos , Kymakis Emmanuel , Kakavelakis George , Petridis Konstantinos
Published: January 2019

Inorganic and organic – inorganic (hybrid) perovskite semiconductor materials have attracted the worldwide scientific attention and research effort as the new wonder material in optoelectronics. Their excellent physical and electronic properties have been exploited to boost the solar cells efficiency beyond 23% and captivate their potential as competitors to the dominant silicon solar cells technology. However, the fundamental principles in Physics dictate that an excellent material for photovoltaic applications must be also an excellent light emitter. This has been realized for the case of perovskite based light emitting diodes (LEDs) but much less for the case of the respective laser devices. Here, the strides have been made since 2014 are presented for the first time. The solution processability, low temperature crystallization, formation of nearly defect free, nanostructures, the long range ambipolar transport, the direct energy band gap, the high spectral emission tunability over the entire visible spectrum and the almost 100% external luminescence efficiency show perovskite semiconductors’ potential to transform the nanophotonics sector. The operational principles, the various adopted material and laser configurations along the future challenges are reviewed and presented in this paper.
Raman Tweezers as a Tool for Small Microplastics and Nanoplastics Identification in Sea Water
Authors: Gillibert Raymond , Balakrishnan Gireeshkumar , Deshoules Quentin , Tardivel Morgan , Magazzù Alessandro , Donato Maria G. , Marago Onofrio M. , Lamy de La Chapelle Marc , Colas Florent , Lagarde Fabienne , Gucciardi Pietro G.
Published: January 2019

Our understanding of the fate and distribution of micro- and nano- plastics in the marine environment and their impact on the biota compartment is limited by the intrinsic difficulties of conventional analytical techniques (light scattering, FT-IR, Raman, optical and electron microscopies) in the detection, quantification and chemical identification of small particles in liquid samples. Here we propose the use of optical tweezers, a technique awarded in 2018 with the Nobel prize, as an analytical tool for the study of micro- and nano- plastics in sea water. In particular, we exploit the combination of optical tweezers with Raman spectroscopy (Raman Tweezers, RTs) to optically trap plastic particles with sizes from tens of µm down to 90 nm and unambiguously reveal their chemical composition. RTs applications are shown on particles made of the most common plastic pollutants, including polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon and polystyrene, that are artificially fragmented and aged directly in seawater. RTs allow us to assess the size and shapes of microparticles (beads, fragments, fibers) and can be applied to investigate particles covered with organic layers. Furthermore, operating at the single particle level, RTs enable unambiguous distinction of plastic particles from marine microorganisms and seawater minerals, overcoming the capacities of standard Raman spectroscopy in liquid, limited to average measurements. Coupled to suitable extraction and concentration protocols, RTs could have a strong impact in the study of the fate of micro and nanoplastics in marine environment, as well as in the understanding of the fragmentation processes on a multi-scale level.
Prospek Pengembangan Usaha Ternak Kambing dan Memacu Peningkatan Ekonomi Peternak
Authors: Maesya Aries , Rusdiana Supardi
Published: January 2019

Pengembangan usaha ternak kambing dipedesaan cukup tinggi, dilihat dari agroekosistem di Indonesia cukup baik. Secara sosial ekonomi kepemilikan ternak kambing dapat memberikan arti tersendiri bagi peternak. Tujuan tulisan adalah untuk mengetahui prospek pengembangan usaha ternak kambing dan memacu peningkatan ekonomi peternak. Fokus bahasan ini menjadi bagian terpeting yang perlu ditangani dalam menjawab, juga sebagai dasar pengembangan ternak kambing selanjutya. Pendekatan dapat dilakukan melalui usaha ternak kambing pada tingkat peternak, industri maupun tingkat wilayah. Kedepan pengembangan usaha ternak kambing lokal Indonesia dapat dilakukan melalui dengan budidaya, perbanyakan bibit betina, jantan produktif dan pembesaran pejantan secara nasional. Selain untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan peternak, juga dapat meningkatkan
populasi ternak kambing. Secara tidak langusng kebutuhan konsumen akan daging, pasar domestik maupun pasar ekspor dapat terpenuhi. Peningkatan skala usaha ternak kambing bukan lagi sebagai usaha sampingan, namun diharapkan sebagai usaha pokok. Jenis-jenis kambing yang ada di wilyah Indonesia perlu dilestarikan dan diushakan. Prospek kedepan sektor peternakan memiliki peran yang sangat strategis, dalam upaya untuk kecukupan pangan, menyerap tenaga kerja, meningkatkan pendapatan peternak.
Development of a Grafting Method and Healing Conditions to Improve Cabbage Head Quality
Authors: Chen Yi-Chen , Chang Wei-Chun , Wang San-Tai , Lin Shu-I
Published: January 2019

Grafting is widely used in the commercial production of cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae) and solanaceous (Solanaceae) vegetables, but seldom in the production of cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata group). In our study, we developed a tube grafting method for cabbage using the ‘K-Y cross’ cabbage as the scion and ‘Tsuei Jin’ chinese kale (B. oleracea Alboglabra group) as the rootstock (K-Y/TJ), and then used the K-Y/TJ grafted seedlings to identify the best healing conditions. The examined healing conditions included temperature (15, 20, or 25 °C), relative humidity (RH; 75%, 85%, or 95%), and light intensity (high light intensity, 79 to 107 μmol·m–2·s–1; low light intensity, 38.6 to 58.8 μmol·m–2·s–1; or full darkness, 0 μmol·m–2·s–1). Considering all the healing conditions, the K-Y/TJ grafted seedlings healing at 20 °C, 95% RH, and high light intensity exhibited survival rates of up to 96.7% and overall superior seedling quality. ‘K-Y cross’ cabbages were then grafted onto chinese kale rootstocks, and the head traits of all grafted plants were comparable to those of nongrafted and/or self-grafted ‘K-Y cross’ plants. ‘K-Y cross’ plants grafted on ‘Jie Lan’ chinese kale rootstocks had greater ascorbic acid and total soluble solid (TSS) contents than nongrafted and self-grafted ‘K-Y cross’ plants. Overall, this research describes a successful tube grafting method and the optimal healing conditions for grafted cabbage seedlings, which can be used as a tool to improve head quality.
(CO) RELACIONANDO MEIO AMBIENTE E SAÚDE NO REVEZAMENTO DA TOCHA OLÍMPICA EM SÃO JOÃO DEL REI-MG: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Carvalho Bianca Andrade , Nascimento Bernardo Camara do , Da Silva Renata Cândida , Patrocínio Vitória Da Silva do , Pinto Flávia Carmo Horta , Costa Raquel Alves
Published: January 2019

A cidade de São João Del-Rei presenciou no fim de 2015 um índice de alerta para focos do mosquito Aedes aegypti, divulgados pelo LIRAA. A cidade também foi escolhida para receber a Tocha Olímpica e por ser uma cidade turística há uma maior probabilidade de transmissão de várias doenças. Assim o Projeto (Co) Relacionando Meio Ambiente e Saúde no Campo das Vertentes, projeto de extensão ligado ao Programa Casa Verde da Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, utilizou o evento da tocha para realizar uma ação de conscientização com a população presente no dia do acontecimento. O método escolhido foi uma ação corpo a corpo, para melhor contato com o público. Durante o evento foram distribuídos panfletos com informações de prevenção sobre as doenças, Dengue, Zika, febre chikungunya e gripe H1N1. Também houve uma interação com o público infantil através da utilização de fantoches do Aedes aegypti. A população presente demonstrou um grande interesse e satisfação.Palavras-chave: Ambiente, Saúde, Aedes aegypti, Conscientização.
Non-equilibrium quasiparticles in superconducting circuits: photons vs. phonons
Authors: Catelani Gianluigi , Basko Denis
Published: January 2019

We study the effect of non-equilibrium quasiparticles on the operation of a superconducting device (a qubit or a resonator), including heating of the quasiparticles by the device operation. Focusing on the competition between heating via low-frequency photon absorption and cooling via photon and phonon emission, we obtain a remarkably simple non-thermal stationary solution of the kinetic equation for the quasiparticle distribution function. We estimate the influence of quasiparticles on relaxation and excitation rates for transmon qubits, and relate our findings to recent experiments.
THE RENTS OF THE DEAD: GROWTH AND ENTROPY IN AFRICAN CITIES
Authors: Brennan James R.
Published: January 2019

This article considers recent literature on contemporary urbanization in Africa that is united in its ‘post-normative’ orientation toward its subject, firmly discarding the ‘expectations’ of modernization that so deeply shaped twentieth-century research on African cities. Best typified by the work of urban anthropologists such as Abdoumaliq Simone, this scholarship instead focuses on the ‘vernacularization’ of urban structures and strategies in Africa. While such work has developed a host of new insights into the idiosyncratic nature of African urbanization, it has largely eschewed any comparative analysis of enduring economic strategies that lie at the heart of the massive growth of African cities. By focusing on the longer-term historical role of such processes – namely urban rents and urban price regulations - this article suggests that a more comparative framework can be generated for the study of urban Africa that still accounts for and partially explains the otherwise seemingly hyper-local and idiosyncratic forms of urban livelihoods and strategies. It also briefly reflects on notable trends in the five years since its original publication in 2013.

KEYWORDS: URBAN HISTORY, URBANIZATION, CONSUMPTION, RENT, PRICE CONTROLS
THE ROLE OF TREE DOMESTICATION IN GREEN MARKET PRODUCT VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
Authors: Van Damme Patrick
Published: January 2019

Internationally, there is increasing interest in acquiring ‘green’ market, organic and/or fair trade products, also sourced from the wild. The latter is expected to come from well-managed (forest) systems. This has led to the development and implementation of programmes designed to reduce deforestation and forest degradation (for mitigation of climate change, and sustainable provision of environmental goods and services) (REDD and REDD+). Crucially, this approach needs to be extended to the many poor, hungry and marginalized smallholder farmers in developing countries so that they can benefit from this increased market interest, but also to allow them to improve their natural resource (management) basis. In this context, agroforestry tree domestication has made considerable progress in the last 20 years, especially in Africa, in providing planting materials of many new tree crops for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and consumer markets across many agro-ecological zones. Tree domestication is an important element and the first necessary step in the development of sustainable tree production for introduction in agroforestry systems. These trees can then form the basis of Non-Timber Forest Production (NTFP) that can feed into livelihood development. In contrast to wild trees, planted trees can offer a more regular and continuous supply of NTFPs that then feed into local-to-global value chains and highly sophisticated markets that demand higher quality and greater uniformity. Together with research institutes, local farmers are now developing new, more performant cultivars of species of interest. They thus eventually help to create direct benefits from the processing and subsequent marketing of food and non-food products in local, regional and international markets. The latter activities also create business and employment opportunities in local cottage industries. Similarly, through the indirect environmental and ecological services provided by trees, food security can be greatly enhanced as agroforestry may improve the production environment of crops and thus close the yield gap (i.e. the difference between the potential and actual yield) of modern crop varieties. In this way, agroforestry adds income generation to agro-ecological approaches which together reverse the cycle of land degradation and social deprivation whilst at the same time transforming the lives of poor farmers. However, these benefits do not come without some risks: the loss of genetic diversity and local rights over genetic resources, and exploitation by unscrupulous entrepreneurs. Agroforestry developments should therefore focus on better access to ‘green’ business opportunities for poor smallholder farmers in Africa by maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks.

KEYWORDS: AGROFORESTRY TREE PRODUCTS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INDIGENOUS TREE SPECIES; LIVELIHOODS, REDD+
LA LITTÉRATURE MUSICALE CONGOLAISE: LA FÊTE DES MOTS
Authors: Yoka Lye M.
Published: January 2019

Much has been written on modern Congolese music, particularly in terms of its history and sociology. However, there are no studies dedicated to the literary qualities of the song texts in stylistic, paremiological and thematic terms. In addition, when considering this body of music, the tenacious survival of oral traditions should be taken into account. Such traditions take in the vivid culture of the “eristic”, the art of dispute and energetic discussion, accompanied by satirical turns and more or less subversive circumlocutions.

Finally, assert that what “purist” critics consider as “para-literature” (a rather deprecating term) is literature both in terms of its thematic and formal concerns.

KEYWORDS: MUSICAL LITERATURE, ODYSSEY AND EPIC OF THE CONGOLESE RUMBA, TRANSPHRASTIC AND SYNTAGMATIC CHARACTERS, DISGUISE OF THEMATIC PROFFERED, PAREMIOLOGICAL REINVENTIONS
WARNA ISLAM DALAM TEKS KLASIK LAYANG MURSADA PESISIRAN
Authors: Ekowati Venny Indria
Published: January 2019

This article is about a study conducted to describe the visualization ofIslamic colors (or nuances) in Layang Mursada Pesisiran, one of the classical textsresulting from the development of coastal literary work.Layang Mursada Pesisiran, the subject of the study, was written (or,rather, copied from the original) in 1879 and published by Badan Pekerja KongresBahasa Jawa, a working body for a congress on the Javanese language. Themanuscript was edited by Bambang Purnomo and transliterated by Suwarni andRatih Retno Hartati in 2001. The data for the study were obtained by repeated textreading. Words, phrases, and sentences in the text containing Islamic colors werewritten down and analyzed descriptively and referentially by referring to verses inthe Al Quran.Results of the study indicate the occurrence of visualization of Islamiccolors in the form of (1) concept of Allah as God with praised character qualities,(2) belief in the Prophet Muhammad, the Prophet Sulaiman, and KhulafaurRasyiidin, (3) concept of heaven and belief in the non-physical substance ofangels, spirits, and devils, (4) acknowledged presence of social figurescharacteristic of Islam who take care of religious matters such as the pangulu,marbotoh, ketib, and modin, (5) concept of the unbeliever, and (6) commandmentto the unbeliever to pray.Keywords: Islamic colors, Islamic concepts
BLANCHE DAN STANLEY, DUA ALTER-EGO TENNESSEE WILLIAMS DALAM A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE: *) SEBUAH TINJAUAN PSIKOANALISIS
Authors: Iswalono Sugi , Nurhayati Ari , Anggraeni Niken
Published: January 2019

This article is about a research aimed at finding the forms of Williams'desire which is unfulfilled or repressed into his unconscious mind as sublimated inhis play, A Streetcar Named Desire. In other words, Williams' main inventedcharacters, Blanche and Stanley, whose personalities are shaky or chaotic,represent the expression of the playwright's unbalanced personality which issublimated in the play.The research is conducted by tracing Williams' life and understanding theplay A Streetcar Named Desire as well as the criticism on it and his other works ofwhich the aspects are comparable. To come to the desired aim, psychoanalyticcriticism is aptly opted to expose the issue. In relation to the various schools ofpsychoanalysis, the research applies Freud's psychoanalytic perspective, focusingon the relationship between the author and his work.The research results show the following. Firstly, A Streetcar NamedDesire was written on the basis of Williams' life, especially his childhood andyouth, in which he experienced unhappy and inharmonious relationship with hisfather and, as a consequence, it made his personality chaotic or unbalanced, whichthen brought about sexual perversion in him, making him a passive homosexual.Secondly, the perverted sexual behavior of his was as a matter of fact themanifestation of his rebellion against his father, which he then expressed throughhis work. Thirdly, such behavior was inappropriate in the American cultural andsocial life during his life span and, therefore, he had to repress his desire because itwas impossible for him to release his libidinous drive so that, to avoid neurosis, hesublimated it in literature. In other words, A Streetcar Named Desire is thesublimation of Williams' repressed libido to express his rebellion against his fatherand to release his libidinous drive. In that case, he creates Stanley and Blanche ashis fantasy to escape from his repression though only a minute's escape.Key words: Tennessee Williams, childhood, chaotic personality, libido, father,repression, neurosis, sublimation, Blanche, Stanley
TAMSIL METAFISIK DAN PENGALAMAN MISTIK DALAM SAJAK-SAJAK CINTA GANDRUNG KARYA A. MUSTOFA BISRI
Authors: B.S Abdul Wachid
Published: January 2019

Mustofa Bisri's poetry belongs to the category of poetry that stars frommeaning itself but it is also composed from esthetic mystical experiences, It doesnot rely on the beauty of verbal expression and on language play only. Its estheticquality also lies on the images of esthetic mystical experiences reflected in hispoems. Even if translated into another language, the poems would not lose theesthetic quality.In accordance with the theory of poetry, the language used in the poemspossesses what is often called deceptive simplicity. And in his poems it is assumedto be the result of the basic nature of poetry, that is, indirect expression by way ofdisplacement of meaning, distortion of meaning, and creation of meaning.Keywords: poetry, mystical experience, esthetic quality.
KONSTRUKSI KREATIF PEMEROLEHAN KOMPETENSI PRAGMATIK ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH
Authors: Werdiningsih Dyah
Published: January 2019

This article is about a research conducted with the objective of studyingthe process of creative construction, which consists of a process of hypothesisformulation and that of hypothesis testing, in Javanese-Indonesian bilingualpreschool children's acquisition of pragmatic competence in using Indonesian.Employing a longitudinal research design, the research used subjects of differentages: preschool children 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of age. The data were compiled bymeans of observations together with data recording by using electronic recordingequipment and field-note data cards. The data were analyzed by using a techniqueof performance analysis. On the basis of the data analysis, it has been found that thecreative construction in the acquisition of pragmatic competence has been seen inpreschool-age children's use of learning strategies, which consist of two types:cognitive and social strategies.Keywords: creative construction, pragmatic competence, child learners
PROSEDUR ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA
Authors: - Dawud
Published: January 2019

An error in language use is an instance of using language in a way whichdiverges from the norms of the target language. Such errors are natural phenomenain the process of language learning. Analyses of such errors have three importantfunctions: a pedagogical function, a methodological function, and a facilitativefunction in a process of language acquisition. Such an analysis is done by goingthrough the procedure of collecting language learners' language samples,identifying the errors, then describing them, and finally explaining them.Keywords: errors in language use, error analysis, contrastive analysis
SISTEM SAPAAN DALAM WAYANG KULIT
Authors: Nurhayati Endang
Published: January 2019

This article is about a research study conducted to describe the system,type, and function of form of address in wayang kulit, the Javanese leather-puppetshadow play. The subject under study was a recording of such a play titled KarnaTandhing performed by Timbul Hadiprayitna as the puppet master. The researchmethod applied was descriptive in nature. The research data were obtained bymeans of a listen-and-write technique and analyzed by means of contextualinterpretation.The research results are as follows. 1. The system of form of address inwayang kulit consists of aspects of (1) relation between the addresser andaddressee, (2) sex/gender, (3) setting (place, time, and atmosphere), (4) purpose,(5) honoring, (6) doer, vocation, or profession, (7) marriage and love, (8) mentionof dwelling place, (9) religion and belief, (10) use of pronoun, (11) zero, and (12)mention of specific identity. In type, the form of address can be, among others, (1)a pronoun, (2) a proper name: a pre-adult name, an alternative name, or dasanama,(3) a title attributed due to position of authority, (4) a name others use to call one,(5) a hereditary form of address, (6) paraban ‘a name given due to intimacy’, (7)poyokan ‘a derogatory or mocking name’, (8) a profession, (9) a doer of an act, (10)an expression of fondness, (11) an expression of being proud of one, (12) anexpression of friendship, (13) an expression of displeasure, annoyance, or anger,(14) an expression in self-introduction, (15) an expression for peprenahan/mbasakke ‘showing how one is related to the other by blood, age, etc.’, (16) anexpression related to where one dwells, (17) an expression related to position ofauthority, (18) an expression in honoring, (19) an expression used due to marriage:adult name, husband’s name, name of first child, (20) a form of address used whenaddressing a god, goddess, or God, (21) a form of address for the wife of a king,(22) a form of address of zero nature, (23) an expression of cursing, (24) a form ofaddress of specific nature, (25) a noun plus mu, e, or ne, (26) a noun, (27) a nounplus ku, (28) a form of address related to religion, (29) a form of address related tokinship plus e or ne, (30) a form of address used falsely/in playacting/pretence, and(31) a form address to point one out. In function, the form of address can be (1)honorific, i.e., to honor one, (2) to call out to one, (3) to call one with an attribute,(4) mbasakke ‘to show how one is related to the other by blood, age, etc., (5) tomock the other, (6) to show intimacy/to make intimate, (7) to show one’s place oforigin, (8) to introduce oneself, (9) to build a certain atmosphere, (10) to besarcastic, (11) to clarify one’s identity, (12) to be used falsely in dramatization orin a play or in pretence, and (13) to make a comic effect.Keywords: form of address, wayang kulit, system, type, function
PERSEPSI PENGARANG ATAS DUNIA SOSIAL BALI
Authors: Manuaba I. B. Putera
Published: January 2019

This study analyzes authors’ perception of the Balinese social world, focusing onsocial changes as effects of tourism and modernization. The study employed the qualitativeapproach involving the sociology of literature, especially the sosiology of authors.Berger’s social contruction theory was used as a triangulation technique. The study showsthe following findings. First, the Balinese authors subjectively propose a reconstruction ofthe modern Balinese people’s way of thinking to face modernization or changingconditions. Second, the Balinese authors are ambiguous people, in the sense that on the onehand they criticize Bali, and on the other hand they love Bali. Third, the Balinese authorsoffer truths that are not dogmatic in nature but derived from daily experiences.Keywords: author plurality, social world, plurality
KLAUSA KOMPLEMEN DALAM KALIMAT TRANSFORMASI SEMATAN
Authors: - Suhardi
Published: January 2019

This article reexamines Samsuri’s concept of a complement clause. Acomplement clause in an embedded transformed sentence functions to complement a nounphrase (as a subject or an object), a verb phrase, an adjective phrase, a numeral phrase, anda prepositional phrase (as a predicate in a matrix clause). The complement clauseembedded into a matrix clause complements a certain phrase in the matrix clause.Embedding a complement clause into a matrix clause uses certain embedding particles.The relational meaning of the complement clause and the main clause in an embeddedtransformed sentence can be identified on the basis of the syntactic meaning of theembedding operator employed. A complement clause as a combined clause complements acertain phrase in a main/matrix sentence, whereas an adverbial clause is the basic clausethat gives explanation to the main/matrix sentence.Keywords: complement clause, matrix cluse, combined clause, embedded transformation
ANALISIS GRAMATIKA ALIH KODE DARI BAHASA INGGRIS KE BAHASA INDONESIA ATAU SEBALIKNYA
Authors: - Margana
Published: January 2019

In Indonesia, switching from one language to another language is a commonphenomenon because Indonesian speakers are bilinguals. They use two or morelanguages, for example, Indonesian, English, or/and their own local language in a seriesof communication practices. With regard to the study of codeswitching, three perspectivescan be used. They include pragmatic, sociolinguistic, and linguistic analyses. Of the threeperspectives, analyzing codeswitching from a linguistic perspective seems to be interestingand challenging as the analysis gives an emphasis on the internal structure of thecodeswitching itself. This article deals with code switching from English to Indonesian orvice-versa analyzed from grammatical aspects as part of the linguistic analysis. It aims atreviewing the grammatical rules underlying the code-swictching.Keywords: code-switching, grammatical analysis
PROBLEMATIKA PENGGUNAAN RAGAM BAHASA JURNALISTIK PADA MEDIA MASSA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEMBINAAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Marliana N Lia , Puryanto Edi
Published: January 2019

Good print media are those prioritizing the writing quality. Although theyemphasize more on effectiveness, efficiency, and cost, they should take intoaccount of the writing quality, without violating the Indonesian language rules.Some violations found in journalistic writing include: (1) spelling and punctuationviolations, (2) grammatical violations, consisting of errors in syllable separation,morphological violations, and syntactic errors, (3) semantic violations, and (4)discourse violations. Other problems concern loanwords, namely foreign wordsthat are already popular in the community. The replacement of foreign wordsabsorbed into the Indonesian language with unavailable Indonesian equivalentsresults in difficulty.Keywords: journalistic language, mass media, language maintenance
MENUMBUHKEMBANGKAN MINAT BACA MENUJU MASYARAKAT LITERAT
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: January 2019

Research findings show that in general Indonesian students’ reading ability is stilllow. This is attributable to, among others, poor reading habit, which is caused by lowreading motivation. Several aspects cause low reading motivation: (1) family andneighborhood environments that do not support reading habit, (2) society’s low bookbuyingpower, (3) limited number of good libraries, (4) negative effects of electronic mediadevelopment, (5) learning model that in general does not make students read, and (6)inappropriate learning system for reading. To improve reading motivation several attemptscan be made: (1) making children get used to reading since their early age, (2) providinginteresting books, (3) creating an environment conducive for reading, (4) reconstructingthe library performance to make it interesting, and (5) developing a learning model forreading that is enjoyable, varied, and educative.Keywords: reading motivation, literate society
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENGUKURAN HASIL PEMBELAJARAN MATA KULIAH PRONUNCIATION
Authors: - Jamilah , Purnawan Ari
Published: January 2019

The study aims at developing a valid and reliable test to measure students’ Englishpronunciation mastery. To meet the objective, two kinds of instruments were developed,namely recognition and production tests. The instruments were tried out to students fromthree pronunciation classes, and the results were then analyzed through validity andreliability tests and an item analysis. Statistical analyses showed that the instruments wereunsatisfactory and needed revisions. After some revisions and try-outs, the revisedinstruments proved to be valid and reliable with reliability coefficients of 0.940 for theproduction test and 0.889 for the recognition test, and difficulty indices of 0.538(moderate) and 0.546 (moderate) respectively.Keywords: pronunciation, validity, reliability, difficulty indices
PERTUNJUKAN WAYANG KULIT PURWA LAKON “CUPU MANIK ASTAGINA” SEBAGAI MEDIA DAKWA
Authors: Mukti Muh
Published: January 2019

This research tries to answer the following research questions: (1) how is the perfection of the purwa leather puppet performance entitled “Cupu Manik Astagina” as a sermon? (2) What lessons are taught? and (3) How are the lessons delivered through the leather puppet performance? This research is a descriptive-qualitative research. The data collecting technique was conducted through library research, observation and interview, and documentation. The research results show: (1) the perfection of the performance of purwa leather pupet entitled “Cupu Manik Astagina” as a sermon cannot be gained optimally as it only achieves the the targhiblevel, not the takhrujlevel. (2) The religious lessons given are those related to hablumminalllah (relationship with God), hablumminannaas(relationship among human beings), dan hablumminal ‘alm(relationship with nature). (3) The methods of delivering the religious lessons are methok, and medhang miring.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN PRAKTIK INSTRUMEN PERKUSI MAHASISWA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN PORTOFOLIO
Authors: Wicaksono Herwin Yogo
Published: January 2019

This study aims to find out about (a) the use of portofolios in Percussion Music Instrument practical course, (b) to find out what can be done to improve students’ ability in learning to play this instrument. This research is an action research conducted in Music education Department, Yogyakarta State University. The subjects of this research are the students of semester I and semester III who take PIM Percussion course. The data were collected through a competence test, interviews, and observation. The data analysis technique was conducted by applying the quantitative descriptive analysis method which enables the researcher to present quantitative data, and qualitative descriptive method used to describe the data from observations and interviews. The research results show that through the use of portofolios, the students’ abilities to practice to play this instrument are significantly improved in terms of psychomotor, cognitive, and affective skills. This is proven with the average score gained by students of semester I, which is about 64.25 in Cycle I and 73.25 in Cycle II, and the average score gained by the students of Semester III, which is about 68 in Cycle I and 74.5 in Cycle II.
PROSES KREATIF PERUPA I MADE SUPENA
Authors: Suryawan I Gde
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang (1) Biografi Supena, (2) Konsep karya Supena, (3) Proses kreatif Supena, (4) Periodisasi karya Supena,  dan  (5)  aspek  teks  hingga  konteks  pada  karya  Supena.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan telaah dokumen terhadap proses kreatif I Made Supena. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. (1) Supena adalah salah satu perupa dari Singapadu, Bali. Ia berasal dari keluarga seniman. Ayahnya, I Ketut Muja, adalah seorang pematung. Kakaknya, I Wayan Jana, juga seorang pematung. Adiknya, I Ketut Sugantika, adalah seorang pelukis. Sementara itu iparnya, Ni Nyoman Sani, merupakan seorang pelukis. (2) Konsep karya Supena adalah menggali persoalan alam dan kehidupan untuk direpresentasikan secara formalistik. (3) Selain melukis Supena juga mengembangkan gagasannya dalam    bentuk patung, instalasi, dan Performance Art. Sebagai seorang perupa Supena  lebih memilih bekerja secara individual. (4) Priodisasi karya Supena adalah tradisional, formalistik, dan emosi. (5) Karya Supena dapat dibaca berdasarkan pendekatan teks yang menyangkut unsur-unsur seni rupa dan nilai estetis yang terkandung dalam karya, serta dapat pula dibaca konteksnya dengan menarik pemaknaan yang ada dibalik teks karya Supena.