bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sports training enhances visuo-spatial cognition regardless of open-closed typology
Authors: Chueh Ting-Yu , Huang Chung-Ju , Hsieh Shu-Shih , Chen Kuan-Fu , Chang Yu-Kai , Hung Tsung-Min
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of open and closed sport participation on visuo-spatial attention and memory performance among young adults. Forty-eight young adults—16 open-skill athletes, 16 closed-skill athletes, and 16 non-athletes controls—were recruited for the study. Both behavioral performance and event-related potential (ERP) measurement were assessed when participants performed non-delayed and delayed match-to-sample task that tested visuo-spatial attention and memory processing. Results demonstrated that regardless of training typology, the athlete groups exhibited shorter reaction times in both the visuo-spatial attention and memory conditions than the control group with no existence of speed-accuracy trade-off. Similarly, a larger P3 amplitudes were observed in both athlete groups than in the control group for the visuo-spatial memory condition. These findings suggest that sports training, regardless of typology, are associated with superior visuo-spatial attention and memory performance, and more efficient neural resource allocation in memory processing.
Structure of the PX domain of SNX25 reveals a novel phospholipid recognition model by dimerization in the PX domain
Authors: Su Kai , Xu Tingting , Yu Zhijun , Zhu Jiabin , Zhang Yulong , Wu Minhao , Xiong Ying , Liu Jinsong , Xu Jinxin
Published: May 2017

SNX25, a regulator of GPCR signaling‐phox‐homology (PX) domain containing sorting nexin (SNX) member, has been proposed to be involved in the lysosomal degradation of the transforming growth factor β receptor and the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. Targeting to the endosomal membranes by the specific binding of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols (PIPs) through the PX domain is critical for the function of SNXs. However, the mechanism for SNX25‐PX targeting to the endosomes remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the PX domain of zebrafish SNX25 (zSNX25‐PX) is capable of binding to PI3P only in its dimeric form. We also present the crystal structure of zSNX25‐PX. Combined with biochemical experiments, we further identify a potential PI3P‐binding region and propose a novel PI‐binding model based on dimerization in the PX domain of SNXs.
DNMT1 cooperates with MBD4 to inhibit the expression of Glucocorticoid‐induced TNFR‐related protein in human T cells
Authors: Wang Shuaiwei , Li Yangyang , Zhu Fangming , Lin Fang , Luo Xuerui , Zhao Binbin , Zhang Peng , Li Dan , Gao Yayi , Liang Rui , Liu Luyan , Tsun Andy , Yuan Xiaojun , Wu Kejin , Li Bin
Published: May 2017

Glucocorticoid‐induced TNFR‐related protein (GITR) is constitutively expressed in T regulatory (Treg) cells and regulates their suppressive function. We identified two methylated CpG islands in the Gitr locus. Using a ChIP assay, we demonstrate that both DNMT1 and methyl‐CpG‐binding domain Protein 4 (MBD4) bind to the Gitr promoter. Moreover, knockdown of DNMT1 decreases the binding activity of MBD4. We observed much higher levels of both DNMT1 and MBD4 in human CD4+CD25− conventional T (Tconv) cells. Moreover, co‐overexpression of DNMT1 and MBD4 in Treg cells significantly inhibits GITR expression and impairs their suppressive activity. Our results reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which MBD4 inhibits GITR expression in a DNMT1‐dependent manner.
Quantifying offshore fore‐arc deformation and splay‐fault slip using drowned Pleistocene shorelines, Arauco Bay, Chile
Authors: Jara‐Muñoz Julius , Melnick Daniel , Zambrano Patricio , Rietbrock Andreas , González Javiera , Argandoña Boris , Strecker Manfred R.
Published: May 2017

Most of the deformation associated with the seismic cycle in subduction zones occurs offshore and has been therefore difficult to quantify with direct observations at millennial timescales. Here we study millennial deformation associated with an active splay‐fault system in the Arauco Bay area off south central Chile. We describe hitherto unrecognized drowned shorelines using high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry, geomorphic, sedimentologic, and paleontologic observations and quantify uplift rates using a Landscape Evolution Model. Along a margin‐normal profile, uplift rates are 1.3 m/ka near the edge of the continental shelf, 1.5 m/ka at the emerged Santa María Island, −0.1 m/ka at the center of the Arauco Bay, and 0.3 m/ka in the mainland. The bathymetry images a complex pattern of folds and faults representing the surface expression of the crustal‐scale Santa María splay‐fault system. We modeled surface deformation using two different structural scenarios: deep‐reaching normal faults and deep‐reaching reverse faults with shallow extensional structures. Our preferred model comprises a blind reverse fault extending from 3 km depth down to the plate interface at 16 km that slips at a rate between 3.0 and 3.7 m/ka. If all the splay‐fault slip occurs during every great megathrust earthquake, with a recurrence of ~150–200 years, the fault would slip ~0.5 m per event, equivalent to a magnitude ~6.4 earthquake. However, if the splay‐fault slips only with a megathrust earthquake every ~1000 years, the fault would slip ~3.7 m per event, equivalent to a magnitude ~7.5 earthquake.
Stokes‐Einstein relation in liquid iron‐nickel alloy up to 300 GPa
Authors: Cao Q.‐L. , Wang P.‐P.
Published: May 2017

Molecular dynamic simulations were applied to investigate the Stokes‐Einstein relation (SER) and the Rosenfeld entropy scaling law (ESL) in liquid Fe0.9Ni0.1 over a sufficiently broad range of temperatures (0.70 < T/Tm < 1.85; Tm is melting temperature) and pressures (from 50 GPa to 300 GPa). Our results suggest that the SER and ESL hold well in the normal liquid region and break down in the supercooled region under high‐pressure conditions, and the deviation becomes larger with decreasing temperature. In other words, the SER can be used to calculate the viscosity of liquid Earth's outer core from the self‐diffusion coefficients of iron/nickel and the ESL can be used to predict the viscosity and diffusion coefficients of liquid Earth's outer core form its structural properties. In addition, the pressure dependence of effective diameters cannot be ignored in the course of using the SER. Moreover, ESL provides a useful, structure‐based probe for the validity of SER, while the ratio of the self‐diffusion coefficients of the components cannot be used as a probe for the validity of SER.
On the dynamics of the Mouth of the Columbia River: Results from a three‐dimensional fully coupled wave‐current interaction model
Authors: Akan Çiğdem , Moghimi Saeed , Özkan‐Haller H. Tuba , Osborne John , Kurapov Alexander
Published: May 2017

Numerical simulations were performed using a 3‐D ocean circulation model (ROMS) two‐way coupled to a phase‐averaged wave propagation model (SWAN), to expand our understanding of the dynamics of wave‐current interactions at the Mouth of the Columbia River (MCR). First, model results are compared with water elevations, currents, temperature, salinity, and wave measurements obtained by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers during the Mega‐Transect Experiment in 2005. We then discuss the effects of the currents on the waves and vice versa. Results show that wave heights are intensified notably at the entrance of the mouth in the presence of the tidal currents, especially in ebb flows. We also find nonlocal modifications to the wave field because of wave focusing processes that redirect wave energy toward the inlet mouth from adjacent areas, resulting in the presence of a tidal signatures in areas where local currents are weak. The model also suggests significant wave amplification at the edge of the expanding plume in the later stages of ebb, some tens of kilometers offshore of the inlet mouth, with potential implications for navigation safety. The effect of waves on the location of the plume is also analyzed, and results suggest that the plume is shifted in the down‐wave direction when wave effects are considered, and that this shift is more pronounced for larger waves, and consistent with the presence of alongshore advection terms in the salt advection equation, which are related to the Stokes velocities associated with waves.
Large‐scale experimental observations of sheet flow on a sandbar under skewed‐asymmetric waves
Authors: Mieras Ryan S. , Puleo Jack A. , Anderson Dylan , Cox Daniel T. , Hsu Tian‐Jian
Published: May 2017

A novel large wave flume experiment was conducted on a fixed, barred beach with a sediment pit on the sandbar, allowing for the isolation of small‐scale bed response to large‐scale forcing. Concurrent measurements of instantaneous sheet layer sediment concentration profiles and near‐bed velocity profiles were obtained on a sandbar for the first time. Two sediment distributions were used with median grain diameters,
, of 0.17 and 0.27 mm. Sheet flow occurred primarily under wave crests, where sheet thickness increased with increasing wave height. A proportionality constant,
, was used to relate maximum Shields parameter to maximum sheet thickness (normalized by
), with bed shear stress computed using the quadratic drag law. An enhanced sheet layer thickness was apparent for the smaller sediment experiments (
 = 18.7), when directly compared to closed‐conduit oscillatory flow tunnel data (
 = 10.6). However,
varied significantly (5 < 
 < 31) depending on the procedure used to estimate grain roughness,
, and wave friction factor,
. Three models for
were compared (keeping the model for
fixed): constant
 = 2.5
, and two expressions dependent on flow intensity, derived from steady and oscillatory sheet flow experiments. Values of
varied by two orders of magnitude and exhibited an inverse relationship with
, where
∼ 30 for
of
(1) while
∼ 5 for
of
(100). Two expressions for
were also tested (with the steady flow‐based model for
), yielding a difference of 69% (
versus
).
Microbes influence the biogeochemical and optical properties of maritime Antarctic snow
Authors: Hodson A. J. , Nowak A. , Cook J. , Sabacka M. , Wharfe E. S. , Pearce D. A. , Convey P. , Vieira G.
Published: May 2017

Snowmelt in the Antarctic Peninsula region has increased significantly in recent decades, leading to greater liquid water availability across a more expansive area. As a consequence, changes in the biological activity within wet Antarctic snow require consideration if we are to better understand terrestrial carbon cycling on Earth's coldest continent. This paper therefore examines the relationship between microbial communities and the chemical and physical environment of wet snow habitats on Livingston Island of the maritime Antarctic. In so doing, we reveal a strong reduction in bacterial diversity and autotrophic biomass within a short (<1 km) distance from the coast. Coastal snowpacks, fertilized by greater amounts of nutrients from rock debris and marine fauna, develop obvious, pigmented snow algal communities that control the absorption of visible light to a far greater extent than with the inland glacial snowpacks. Absorption by carotenoid pigments is most influential at the surface, while chlorophyll is most influential beneath it. The coastal snowpacks also indicate higher concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon and CO2in interstitial air, as well as a close relationship between chlorophyll and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). As a consequence, the DOC resource available in coastal snow can support a more diverse bacterial community that includes microorganisms from a range of nearby terrestrial and marine habitats. Therefore, since further expansion of the melt zone will influence glacial snowpacks more than coastal ones, care must be taken when considering the types of communities that may be expected to evolve there.
Eddy‐induced sea surface temperature gradients in Eastern Boundary Current Systems
Authors: Yuan Yeping , Castelao Renato M.
Published: May 2017

Many processes are known to influence the distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) fronts in Eastern Boundary Current Systems (EBCS), including wind forcing, mesoscale activity, flow instabilities, and flow‐topography interactions. Here we used satellite observations to quantify the relative importance of one of these processes, mesoscale eddy activity, on the distribution of SST gradients in EBCS. Eddies are characterized by large SST and SST gradient anomalies in all EBCS. At the end of the upwelling season, eddy‐induced SST gradients are dominant components of full SST gradients offshore of 300 km from the coast, especially in regions of high eddy activity. Comparisons between eddy‐induced and full SST gradients in the California Current System indicate that the offshore migration of mesoscale eddies plays a significant role on the seasonal widening of the region of high frontal activity. SST gradients associated with anticyclonic eddies are largest within 400 km from shore, while the signature of cyclones can extend for up to 700 km from the coast.
Partial duplication of DHH causes minifascicular neuropathy
Authors: Sato Naoko Saito , Maekawa Risa , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Mitsui Jun , Naruse Hiroya , Tokushige Shin‐ichi , Sugie Kazuma , Tate Genshu , Shimizu Jun , Goto Jun , Tsuji Shoji , Shiio Yasushi
Published: May 2017

Minifascicular neuropathy (MN) is an extremely rare developmental malformation in which peripheral nerves are composed of many small fascicles. Only one patient with MN with 46XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD) was found to carry a mutation affecting the start codon in desert hedgehog (DHH). We identified an identical novel rearrangement mutation of DHH in two consanguineous families with MN, confirming mutations in DHH cause MN with 46XY GD. The patients with the 46XY karyotype developed GD, whereas a patient with the 46XX karyotype did not. These findings further support that DHH has important roles in perineural formation and male gonadal differentiation.
Formation of Corundum, Magnesium Titanate, and Titanium(III) Oxide at the Interface between Rutile and Molten Al or AlSi7Mg0.6 Alloy
Authors: Salomon Anton , Voigt Claudia , Fabrichnaya Olga , Aneziris Christos G. , Rafaja David
Published: May 2017

For the filtration of oxide inclusions in aluminum melts, active materials covering the surface of ceramic filters are developed permanently. In this study, corundum (α‐Al2O3) filters coated with rutile (TiO2) coatings are exposed to molten aluminum and to aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg0.6, respectively. For pure aluminum, the chemical reactions occurring at the interface between the metal melt and the filter surface are found to lead primarily to the formation of Al2O3 at the surface of the functionalized filter. Al3Ti and Ti2O3 are found as minor phases for long operation times. In the case of aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg0.6, the surface of the TiO2 coatings is covered by MgTiO3. Additional phases are Al2O3 and Al3Ti. One part of the interface reaction experiments is performed on powder mixtures to identify the reaction products, another one on functionalized filters to estimate the reaction kinetics. The experiments are performed in a Spark Plasma Sintering apparatus, which offers high heating rates that are comparable with those in standard cast processes, but impedes the macroscopic flow of the melt in case of the bulk samples. The equilibrium state is concluded from thermodynamic calculations using the CalPhaD method.
High Specific and Mass Activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction for Thin Film Catalysts of Sputtered Pt3Y
Authors: Lindahl Niklas , Zamburlini Eleonora , Feng Ligang , Grönbeck Henrik , Escudero‐Escribano Maria , Stephens Ifan E. L. , Chorkendorff Ib , Langhammer Christoph , Wickman Björn
Published: May 2017

Fuel cells have the potential to play an important role in sustainable energy systems, provided that catalysts with higher activity and stability are developed. In this work, it is found that thin alloy films of single‐target cosputtered platinum‐yttrium exhibit up to seven times higher specific activity (13.4 ± 0.4 mA cm−2) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than polycrystalline platinum, and up to one order of magnitude higher mass activity (3.5 ± 0.3 A mg−1) than platinum nanoparticles. These alloys have the highest reported ORR activity for an as‐deposited material, i.e., without any additional chemical or thermal treatment. The films show an improvement in stability over the same materials in nanoparticulate form. Physical characterization shows that the thin films form a platinum overlayer supported on an underlying alloy. The high activity is likely related to compressive strain in that overlayer. As sputtering can be used to mass‐produce fuel cell electrodes, the results open new possibilities for the preparation of platinum‐rare earth metal alloy catalysts in commercial devices.
Light Amplification in Molecules Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Nakanotani Hajime , Furukawa Taro , Hosokai Takuya , Hatakeyama Takuji , Adachi Chihaya
Published: May 2017

To reduce the threshold current density and move closer toward the realization of future current‐injection organic semiconductor lasers, the harvesting of triplet excitons is anticipated because 75% excitons are directly formed as triplet excited states under electrical excitation according to spin statics. However, the observation of light amplification in pure phosphorescent or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials has nor yet been reported even under optical excitation. Herein, light amplification was observed in the TADF emitter 9‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3‐yl)‐N,N,5,11‐tetraphenyl‐5,9‐dihydro‐5,9‐diaza‐13b‐boranaphtho[3,2,1‐de]anthracen‐3‐amine (DABNA‐2). It is found that DABNA‐2 possesses not only a large stimulated emission cross‐section but also a favorable window for light amplification. These results indicate that TADF emitters can form a new category of laser dyes and are important candidates for the realization of an organic semiconductor laser.
Ferroelectric Polarization‐Assisted Sensitive and High‐Power Photodetector in Broad Ultraviolet‐to‐Visible Range
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Jianlin , Huang Haoliang , Yun Yu , Meng Dechao , Yang Qixin , Zhai Xiaofang , Fu Zhengping , Knize Randy J. , Lu Yalin
Published: May 2017

Light‐sensitive electronic devices based on semiconductor P–N junctions have been widely used as photodetectors and solar cells. In order to improve the overall performance of such photosensitive devices, new yet simple design is required. In this work, a simple sandwich structure is proposed by combining a new ferroelectric oxide Bi6FeCoTi3O18 with graphene. A highly sensitive photodetector is then realized benefiting from the ferroelectric polarization assisted charge separation, as well as from the unique features of graphene such as the extreme sensibility, ballistic transportation, and broadband absorption. The new device has a remarkable on–off response as high as 2 × 103% under a Xe light‐source irradiation. The ferroelectric polarization enhances the photoresponse by about 2 × 104% when compared with a reference sample. Additionally, the new device is sensitive to a wide‐spectrum from visible to ultraviolet, and is tolerant to high power of the incident light. This unique design opens up a new way to develop next‐generation photoelectric devices that can be both proficient and cost effective.
Perovskite/Polymer Hybrid Thin Films for High External Quantum Efficiency Photodetectors with Wide Spectral Response from Visible to Near‐Infrared Wavelengths
Authors: Wang Yukun , Yang Dezhi , Zhou Xiaokang , Ma Dongge , Vadim Agafonov , Ahamad Tansir , Alshehri Saad M.
Published: May 2017

The characteristics such as high charge carrier mobility, long diffusion length, low dark current, and sharp absorption edge of perovskites make the material ideal for realizing photodetection, that is, simultaneously fast and sensitive. However, narrow spectral (850 nm) response limits their application. Here, this study successfully demonstrates an integrated perovskite/polymer device structure based on perovskite/hybrid thin films for efficient light harvesting. The expansion of the photoresponse spectrum is achieved by selecting an appropriate low band gap polymer (poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐terthiophene)), which has a wider response (950 nm). It can be seen that the resulting photodetectors (PDs) yield an external quantum efficiency of ≈70% over a 500–700 nm range, and the photoresponse extends to 950 nm, which is obviously wider than the photoresponse of perovskite‐based PDs. Moreover, the dark current density of the hybrid PDs is more efficiently suppressed compared with polymer‐based PDs. The reduced dark current enhances the detectivity and linear dynamic range of the fabricated hybrid PDs, which achieve values of 1013 Jones and 110 dB, respectively.
Catalytic Asymmetric [3+3] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with C3‐Substituted 2‐Indolylmethanols
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Xue , Li Can , He Ying‐Ying , Zhu Zi‐Qi , Mei Guang‐Jian , Shi Feng
Published: May 2017

The first catalytic asymmetric [3+3] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with C3‐substituted 2‐indolylmethanols has been established, leading to diastereo‐ and enantioselective construction of a tetrahydropyrimido[1,6‐a]indole framework (up to 91% yield, >95:5 dr, 98:2 er). This reaction also represents a new type of catalytic enantioselective [3+3] cycloaddition using azomethine ylides.

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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide‐Dependent Redox‐Neutral Convergent Cascade for Lactonizations with Type II Flavin‐Containing Monooxygenase
Authors: Huang Lei , Romero Elvira , Ressmann Anna K. , Rudroff Florian , Hollmann Frank , Fraaije Marco W. , Kara Selin
Published: May 2017

A nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)‐dependent redox‐neutral convergent cascade composed of a recently discovered type II flavin‐containing monooxygenase (FMO−E) and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH) has been established. Two model reaction cascades were analyzed for the synthesis of γ‐butyrolactone and chiral bicyclic lactones. In the former cascade, all substrates were converted into one single product γ‐butyrolactone with high atom efficiency. More than 130 mM γ‐butyrolactone were obtained when applying 100 mM cyclobutanone and 50 mM 1,4‐butanediol in this cascade. In the second cascade where bicyclo[4.2.0]octan‐7‐one and cis‐1,2‐cyclohexanedimethanol were coupled, the ketone substrate was converted to the corresponding normal lactone with an ee value of 89–74% (3aS, 7aS) by FMO−E alone and the abnormal lactone with an ee value of >99% (3aR, 7aS) was formed by both HLADH and FMO−E.

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Visible‐Light‐Mediated Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling: Synthesis of Nonsymmetrical Atropisomeric Biaryls
Authors: Wang Junlei , Zhao Yating , Gao Han , Gao Guo‐Lin , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong
Published: May 2017

The direct cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reactions of 2‐naphthylamine/2‐naphthol derivatives with aniline/phenol derivatives for the preparation of nonsymmetrical atropisomeric biaryl compounds, especially BINOL‐type biaryls, using a photocatalyst with irradiation under blue LEDs at room temperature, are described. This protocol provides efficient and simple access to nonsymmetrical atropisomeric biaryls in good yields, which are often found in natural products and are useful for materials chemistry.
Ausgewählte Kupfer‐katalysierte Reaktionen für die Bildung von C‐N‐, C‐O‐, C‐S‐ und C‐C‐Bindungen
Authors: Bhunia Subhajit , Pawar Govind Goroba , Kumar S. Vijay , Jiang Yongwen , Ma Dawei
Published: May 2017

Die metallkatalysierte Kreuzkupplung ist eine der wichtigsten Umwandlungen der organischen Synthese. Aufgrund der geringen Toxizität und des günstigen Preises von Kupfer hat die Kupferkatalyse viel Interesse geweckt. Die traditionelle Ullmann‐Kupplung hat jedoch eine geringe Substratbreite und erfordert harsche Reaktionsbedingungen. In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten wurden zweizähnige Liganden, z. B. Aminosäuren, Diamine, 1,3‐Diketone und Oxalsäurediamide, eingeführt, die Cu‐katalysierte Kupplungen von Arylhalogeniden und Nucleophilen sowohl bei niedrigen Temperaturen als auch in katalytischer Weise ermöglichen. Dadurch ist die Cu‐vermittelte Kreuzkupplung zu einer attraktiven Reaktion für die akademische Forschung und die Industrie geworden. Dieser Aufsatz fasst Fortschritte bei Kupplungen von (Hetero)Arylhalogeniden mit verschiedenen Nucleophilen zusammen und stellt Entwicklungen bei Cu‐katalysierten Kupplungen mit Arylboronaten und Cu‐vermittelten Trifluormethylierungen von aromatischen Elektrophilen vor.
Enantiopure Cycloiridiated Complexes Bearing a Pentahelicenic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Displaying Long‐Lived Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence
Authors: Hellou Nora , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Favereau Ludovic , Zinna Francesco , Caytan Elsa , Toupet Loïc , Dorcet Vincent , Jean Marion , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Williams J. A. Gareth , Di Bari Lorenzo , Autschbach Jochen , Crassous Jeanne
Published: May 2017

A fused π‐helical N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) system was prepared and examined through its diastereoisomerically pure cycloiridiated complexes. The latter display light‐green phosphorescence with unusually long lifetimes and circular polarization that depends on both the helical NHC P/M stereochemistry and the iridium Δ/Λ stereochemistry. These unprecedented features are attributed to extended π conjugation within the helical carbenic ligand and efficient helicene‐NHC–Ir interaction.
Evaluation by medical students of the educational value of multi‐material and multi‐colored three‐dimensional printed models of the upper limb for anatomical education
Authors: Mogali Sreenivasulu Reddy , Yeong Wai Yee , Tan Heang Kuan Joel , Tan Gerald Jit Shen , Abrahams Peter H. , Zary Nabil , Low‐Beer Naomi , Ferenczi Michael Alan
Published: May 2017

For centuries, cadaveric material has been the cornerstone of anatomical education. For reasons of changes in curriculum emphasis, cost, availability, expertise, and ethical concerns, several medical schools have replaced wet cadaveric specimens with plastinated prosections, plastic models, imaging, and digital models. Discussions about the qualities and limitations of these alternative teaching resources are on‐going. We hypothesize that three‐dimensional printed (3DP) models can replace or indeed enhance existing resources for anatomical education. A novel multi‐colored and multi‐material 3DP model of the upper limb was developed based on a plastinated upper limb prosection, capturing muscles, nerves, arteries and bones with a spatial resolution of ∼1 mm. This study aims to examine the educational value of the 3DP model from the learner's point of view. Students (n = 15) compared the developed 3DP models with the plastinated prosections, and provided their views on their learning experience using 3DP models using a survey and focus group discussion. Anatomical features in 3DP models were rated as accurate by all students. Several positive aspects of 3DP models were highlighted, such as the color coding by tissue type, flexibility and that less care was needed in the handling and examination of the specimen than plastinated specimens which facilitated the appreciation of relations between the anatomical structures. However, students reported that anatomical features in 3DP models are less realistic compared to the plastinated specimens. Multi‐colored, multi‐material 3DP models are a valuable resource for anatomical education and an excellent adjunct to wet cadaveric or plastinated prosections. Anat Sci Educ 11: 54–64. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
Countering evidence denial and the promotion of pseudoscience in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Smith Isabel M. , MacDonald Noni E.
Published: May 2017

This commentary introduces a framework within which clinical and research experts in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can address public instances of evidence denial and promotion of pseudoscience related to ASD. This is a generalized extension of work by a World Health Organization (WHO) group dedicated to reducing the influence of Vocal Vaccine Deniers through educating advocates in how to effectively defuse their arguments. The WHO guidelines were informed by conceptual work on the “denialism” phenomenon, and by studies in psychology, communication, vaccine science, and public health. Our goal is to introduce these ideas to, and encourage discussion within, the ASD research community. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1334–1337. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenotyping cardiac and structural birth defects in fetal and newborn mice
Authors: Liu Xiaoqin , Kim Andrew J. , Reynolds William , Wu Yijen , Lo Cecilia W.
Published: May 2017

Mouse models are invaluable for investigating the developmental etiology and molecular pathogenesis of structural birth defects. While this has been deployed for studying a wide spectrum of birth defects, mice are particularly valuable for modeling congenital heart disease, given they have the same four‐chamber cardiac anatomy as in humans. We have developed the use of noninvasive fetal ultrasound together with micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) imaging for high throughput phenotyping of mice for congenital heart defects (CHD) and other developmental anomalies. We showed the efficacy of fetal ultrasound and micro‐CT imaging for diagnosis of a wide spectrum of CHD. With fetal ultrasound, longitudinal scans can be conducted to track the developmental profile of disease pathogenesis, providing both structural information with two‐dimensional (2D) imaging, as well as functional data from hemodynamic assessments with color flow and spectral Doppler imaging. In contrast, with micro‐CT imaging, virtual necropsies can be conducted rapidly postmortem for diagnosis of not only CHD, but also other structural birth defects. To validate the CHD diagnosis, we further showed the use of a novel histological technique with episcopic confocal microscopy to obtain rapid 3D reconstructions for accurate diagnosis of even the most complex anatomical defect. The latter histological imaging technique when combined with the use of ultrasound and micro‐CT imaging provides a powerful combination of imaging modalities that will be invaluable in meeting the accelerating demands for high throughput mouse phenotyping of genetically engineered mice in the coming age of functional genomics. Birth Defects Research 109:778–790, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Screening, genetics, risk factors, and treatment of neonatal cataracts
Authors: Li Jinyu , Xia Chun‐hong , Wang Eddie , Yao Ke , Gong Xiaohua
Published: May 2017

Neonatal cataracts remain the most common cause of visual loss in children worldwide and have diverse, often unknown, etiologies. This review summarizes current knowledge about the detection, treatment, genetics, risk factors, and molecular mechanisms of congenital cataracts. We emphasize significant progress and topics requiring further study in both clinical cataract therapy and basic lens research. Advances in genetic screening and surgical technologies have improved the diagnosis, management, and visual outcomes of affected children. For example, mutations in lens crystallins and membrane/cytoskeletal components that commonly underlie genetically inherited cataracts are now known. However, many questions still remain regarding the causes, progression, and pathology of neonatal cataracts. Further investigations are also required to improve diagnostic criteria for determining the timing of appropriate interventions, such as the implantation of intraocular lenses and postoperative management strategies, to ensure safety and predictable visual outcomes for children. Birth Defects Research 109:734–743, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using video modeling to teach siblings of children with autism how to prompt and reinforce appropriate play
Authors: Neff Elanor R. , Betz Alison M. , Saini Valdeep , Henry Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

This study investigated the use of video models to teach typically developing children how to prompt and reinforce appropriate play behavior during games with their sibling with autism. With 3 sibling dyads, we extended research on cooperative sibling play by examining video modeling as the sole intervention to facilitate appropriate play between siblings in the absence of specific reinforcement for skills learned in the video model. Video models included brief clips of adults playing games with the child with autism and demonstrating how to prompt and reinforce play behavior. Results indicated that for 2 of the 3 sibling dyads video modeling alone was sufficient to teach prompts and appropriate delivery of reinforcement. An increase in on‐task activity engagement was also observed for both siblings with autism across all 3 dyads.
Using differential reinforcement of a discard response to treat pica
Authors: Slocum Sarah K. , Mehrkam Lindsay R. , Peters Kerri P. , Vollmer Timothy R.
Published: May 2017

Previous research on the treatment of pica (i.e., the ingestion of inedible objects) is limited compared to research on the treatment of other types of severe problem behavior. This study involved the use of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, with a discard response as the alternative behavior, to treat pica presented by a 13‐year‐old girl with an autism spectrum disorder. We extended previous research by thinning the schedule of reinforcement for the alternative response. Substantial reductions in pica were obtained. Limitations and future directions in the treatment of pica are discussed.
Assessment of an engineered endothelium via single‐photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Jiang Bin , Wu Yidi , Haney Chad R. , Duan Chongwen , Ameer Guillermo A.
Published: May 2017

The clinical translation of cell‐based therapeutics often requires highly sensitive, non‐invasive imaging tools to assess cell function and distribution in vivo. The objective of this research was to determine whether human Sodium‐Iodide Symporter (hNIS) ectopic expression in endothelial cells (ECs) in combination with single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a feasible approach to non‐invasively monitor the presence and viability of an engineered endothelium on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were transduced with pLL3.7‐hNIS via lentivirus with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0, 2, 5, and 10 (n = 4). Ectopic expression of hNIS in HUVECs via optimized lentiviral transduction (MOI 5) enabled cell uptake of a radioisotope that can be detected by SPECT without affecting endothelial cell viability, oxidative stress, or antithrombogenic functions. The viability and distribution of an engineered endothelium grown on ePTFE coated with the biodegradable elastomer poly(1, 8 octamethylene citrate) (POC) and exposed to fluid flow was successfully monitored non‐invasively by SPECT. We report the feasibility of a non‐invasive, highly sensitive and functional assessment of an engineered endothelium on ePTFE using a combination of SPECT and X‐ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging and hNIS ectopic expression in ECs. This technology potentially allows for the non‐invasive assessment of transplanted living cells in vascular conduits. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2371–2377. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Quest for Alignment
Authors: Oliver Caroline
Published: May 2017

Jean‐Claude Pierre became Group CEO of Scott Bader, a global chemical company, in June 2015. He holds a master's degree in Polymer Science from ITECH Lyon and an MBA from Hult. However, more relevant to this interview, he also holds a PhD in Organizational Systems from Saybrook University. Here, he talks with Board Leadership Editor Caroline Oliver about his passion for exploring new perspectives on governance.
Thromboembolic and bleeding complications during oral anticoagulation therapy in cancer patients with atrial fibrillation: a Danish nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ording Anne G. , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Adelborg Kasper , Pedersen Lars , Prandoni Paolo , Sørensen Henrik T.
Published: May 2017

Coexisting cancer in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with thromboembolism and bleeding. We used Danish population‐based medical databases to conduct a population‐based cohort study that included all AF patients who redeemed a prescription for vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or non‐VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC) between July 2004 and December 2013. We characterized these patients according to the presence (N = 11,855) or absence (N = 56,264) of a cancer diagnosis before redemption of their oral anticoagulant prescription, and then examined their 1‐year risk of thromboembolic or bleeding complications or death. We next used Cox regression to compare the hazard ratios for complications among VKA‐ or NOAC‐treated AF patients with versus without a cancer diagnosis, after adjusting for sex, age, and CHA2DS2 VASc score. One‐year risks of thromboembolic complications in AF patients who redeemed a VKA prescription were similar in those with (6.5%) and without (5.8%) cancer [hazard ratio (HR) 1.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 1.1)]. This also was found for bleeding complications (5.4% vs. 4.3%, HR 1.1 [95% CI: 1.0, 1.2]). For AF patients with cancer who redeemed a NOAC prescription, risks were also similar for thromboembolic complications (4.9% of cancer patients vs. 5.1% of noncancer patients, HR 0.80 [95% CI: 0.61, 1.1]), and for bleeding complications (4.4% vs. 3.1%, HR 1.2 [95% CI: 0.92, 1.7]). The absolute risks of thromboembolic or bleeding complications were nearly the same in patients with and without cancer who redeemed prescription for VKAs or NOACs.
Changing Parents' Behaviour Using a Psycho‐Educational Film as a Preventative Measure to Reduce the Risk of Non‐accidental Head Injury
Authors: Coster Denise
Published: May 2017

In 2012, the NSPCC began piloting a psycho‐educational film that was designed to help all expectant and new parents cope with their babies' crying and reduce the incidence of non‐accidental head injuries in infants in the UK. It was hypothesised that having strategies to use when they were struggling with their babies' crying would be one of the key factors in helping parents cope and the film provides parents with examples of coping strategies. A quasi‐experimental evaluation design, namely, comparative surveys followed by propensity score matching, was used to assess if parents who had watched the film had utilised these strategies more than a comparison group of parents who had not. Parents also participated in focus groups to explore their experience of watching the film. The study found that parents who had watched the film in the antenatal period or postnatally after discharge from hospital were significantly more likely to report using a range coping strategies in response to their babies' crying, compared with parents who had not watched the film. Parents who had watched the film in the immediate postnatal period in the first few days after birth, before discharge from hospital, were less likely to use these strategies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

‘A psycho‐educational film… designed to help… new parents cope with their babies' crying and reduce the incidence of non‐accidental head injuries’

Key Practitioner Messages

The psycho‐educational film Coping with Crying is an effective way to give parents strategies to cope when faced with their babies' crying.

The film should be shown in the antenatal or postnatal period, after parents have left hospital but before the baby is six weeks old, to have the greatest impact.
Motion recognition of self and others on realistic 3D avatars
Authors: Narang Sahil , Best Andrew , Feng Andrew , Kang Sin‐hwa , Manocha Dinesh , Shapiro Ari
Published: May 2017

Current 3D capture and modeling technology can rapidly generate highly photo‐realistic 3D avatars of human subjects. However, while the avatars look like their human counterparts, their movements often do not mimic their own due to existing challenges in accurate motion capture and retargeting. A better understanding of factors that influence the perception of biological motion would be valuable for creating virtual avatars that capture the essence of their human subjects. To investigate these issues, we captured 22 subjects walking in an open space. We then performed a study where participants were asked to identify their own motion in varying visual representations and scenarios. Similarly, participants were asked to identify the motion of familiar individuals. Unlike prior studies that used captured footage with simple “point‐light” displays, we rendered the motion on photo‐realistic 3D virtual avatars of the subject. We found that self‐recognition was significantly higher for virtual avatars than with point‐light representations. Users were more confident of their responses when identifying their motion presented on their virtual avatar. Recognition rates varied considerably between motion types for recognition of others, but not for self‐recognition. Overall, our results are consistent with previous studies that used recorded footage and offer key insights into the perception of motion rendered on virtual avatars.
Diagnostic accuracy of a hybrid approach of instantaneous wave‐free ratio and fractional flow reserve using high‐dose intracoronary adenosine to characterize intermediate coronary lesions: Results of the PALS (Practical Assessment of Lesion Severity) prospective study
Authors: Rivero Fernando , Cuesta Javier , Bastante Teresa , Benedicto Amparo , García‐Guimaraes Marcos , Fuentes‐Ferrer Manuel , Alvarado Teresa , Alfonso Fernando
Published: May 2017

Objectives

We sought to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of instantaneous wave‐free ratio (iFR) and high‐dose intracoronary adenosine fractional flow reserve (IC‐FFR) compared with classical intravenous adenosine fractional flow reserve (IV‐FFR) to assess coronary stenosis severity. The usefulness of two hybrid strategies combining iFR and high‐dose IC‐FFR was also evaluated. Background: Physiological assessment of intermediate coronary stenoses to guide revascularization is currently recommended. Methods: Consecutive real‐world patients with angiographically intermediate coronary stenosis (40–80% diameter stenosis) were prospectively included in the PALS (Practical Assessment of Lesion Severity) study. In every target lesion iFR, high‐dose IC‐FFR and IV‐FFR were systematically measured to assess the accuracy of an hybrid sequential approach combining iFR and IC‐FFR. Results: A total of 106 patients with 121 intermediate coronary lesions were analyzed. Both, iFR and IC‐FFR showed a significant correlation with IV‐FFR (iFR: r = 0.60, 95%CI 0.48–0.70; IC‐FFR: r = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.83–0.92). High‐dose IC‐FFR provided lower FFR values than IV‐FFR (0.81 ± 0.08 vs. 0.82 ± 0.09, P = 0.25). Using a receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve an optimal iFR threshold of 0.91 for the screening test was identified. A sequential test strategy (initial iFR followed by IC‐FFR only in lesions with iFR <0.91) yielded an excellent diagnostic accuracy (96.7%, 95%CI 96.7–99.1%) with a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicted values of 100%, 94.7%, 91.8%, and 100%, respectively. A hybrid approach using the previously described iFR gray zone (0.85–0.94) also provided an excellent diagnostic accuracy (95%, 95%CI: 89.5–98.1%). Conclusions: In patients with intermediate coronary lesions a hybrid strategy by using a sequential approach of iFR and high‐dose IC‐FFR, provided a very good diagnostic performance to identify physiologically significant stenoses. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rationale and design of amphilimus sirolimus‐eluting stents versus zotarolimus‐eluting stents in all‐comers requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (ReCre8): A multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rozemeijer Rik , Stein Mèra , Frambach Peter , Voskuil Michiel , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Rodríguez‐Olivares Ramón , Timmers Leo , Pereira Bruno , Rittersma Saskia Z. , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Doevendans Pieter A. , Stella Pieter R.
Published: May 2017

Background

Amphilimus sirolimus‐eluting stents (A‐SES) represent a novel elution technology in the current era of drug‐eluting stents with promising results in patients with diabetes mellitus. At present no large trial has been designed to evaluate clinical outcomes of A‐SES as compared to new‐generation drug‐eluting stents in unselected patients. Accordingly, we designed this trial to evaluate clinical noninferiority of A‐SES as compared with zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZES) in a real‐world, all‐comers setting.

Study design

ReCre8 is a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial evaluating the clinical outcomes of A‐SES as compared with ZES in all‐comers requiring percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients are randomized 1:1 to receive either A‐SES or ZES. On‐site block‐randomization is stratified by diabetes mellitus, and troponin status to perform prespecified subanalyses. Patients receive 1‐month of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) when troponin‐negative, or 12‐months of DAPT when troponin‐positive. The primary endpoint is target‐lesion failure at 1‐year follow‐up. A total of 1,532 patients will be enrolled to demonstrate clinical noninferiority of A‐SES with at least 80% power, a noninferiority margin of 3.5% and a type‐I‐error of 0.05.

Conclusions

ReCre8 (NCT02328898) is the first randomized multicenter trial with a head‐to‐head comparison of A‐SES as compared with ZES to investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of these new‐generation DES in a real‐world, all‐comers population.
A novel imaging technique to evaluate airflow characteristics in the upper airway of an obstructive sleep apnea patient
Authors: Chen Hui , Aarab Ghizlane , Liu Jian‐wei , Yu Yong‐liang , Guo Jing , van der Stelt Paul F. , Lobbezoo Frank
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical Message

We report about a novel imaging technique for airflow analysis, particle image velocimetry (PIV), used in a moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patient. By measuring the airflow characteristics in the upper airway at different protrusion positions, the effect of mandibular advancement device (MAD) on OSA was further understood.
Liver hydatid cyst with cutaneous fistulization to the right breast: a case report, management, and literature review
Authors: El Khoury Mansour , El Asmar Antoine , Dib Wissam , Creidi Elie , Yehia Madeleine , Hajj Imad
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical Message

Echinococcus granulosus is the most common tapeworm causing hydatid disease in humans. Its least‐encountered complication is cutaneous fistulization. Omentoplasty, cyst, and fistulous tract drainage revealed successful in the management of this complication. Such intervention can be an alternative when conservative management fails, and a minimally aggressive procedure is required.
Hydrogenolysis of Glycidol as an Alternative Route to Obtain 1,3‐Propanediol Selectively Using MOx‐Modified Nickel‐Copper Catalysts Supported on Acid Mesoporous Saponite
Authors: Gebretsadik Fiseha B. , Llorca Jordi , Salagre Pilar , Cesteros Yolanda
Published: May 2017

Ni and Cu mono‐ and bimetallic catalysts modified with various types of acid oxides MOx (M=Mo, V, W, and Re) were tested for the hydrogenolysis of glycidol as an alternative route to the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to obtain 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PrD). Characterization results revealed that the presence of modifiers affected the dispersion and reducibility of the NiO particles and the strength and amount of acid sites. Among the modifiers tested, Re led to the highest activity, a high propanediols selectivity, and the highest 1,3‐PrD/1,2‐propanediol (1,2‐PrD) ratio. The Ni‐Cu/Re ratio was optimized to improve the catalytic activity. The best catalytic result, with a 46 % 1,3‐PrD yield and a 1,3‐PrD/1,2‐PrD ratio of 1.24, was obtained if the monometallic Ni catalyst at 40 wt % loading and modified with 7 wt % Re was used at 393 K and 5 MPa H2 pressure after 4 h of reaction. The overall 1,3‐PrD yield starting from glycerol and assuming a two‐step synthesis (glycerol→glycidol→1,3‐PrD) and a yield of 78 % for the first step would be 36 %. This 1,3‐PD yield is the highest for a reaction catalyzed by a non‐noble metal and is comparable to the direct hydrogenolysis of glycerol using noble metal catalysts at a longer time and a high H2 pressure.