bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roadmap for Implementing Business Intelligence Systems in Higher Education Institutions: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Sequeira Romeu , Reis Arsénio , Alves Paulo , Branco Frederico
Published: April 2024

Higher education institutions (HEIs) make decisions in several domains, namely strategic and internal management, without using systematized data that support these decisions, which may jeopardize the success of their actions or even their efficiency. Thus, HEIs must define and monitor strategies and policies essential for decision making in their various areas and levels, in which business intelligence (BI) plays a leading role. This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) aimed at identifying and analyzing primary studies that propose a roadmap for the implementation of a BI system in HEIs. The objectives of the SLR are to identify and characterize (i) the strategic objectives that underlie decision making, activities, processes, and information in HEIs; (ii) the BI systems used in HEIs; (iii) the methods and techniques applied in the design of a BI architecture in HEIs. The results showed that there is space for developing research in this area since it was possible to identify several studies on the use of BI in HEIs, although a roadmap for its implementation was not identified, making it necessary to define a roadmap for the implementation of BI systems that can serve as a reference for HEIs.
Molecular Logic Gates Based on Ferrocene-Containing Compounds
Authors: Tzeliou Christina Eleftheria , Zois Konstantinos P. , Tzeli Demeter
Published: April 2024

Ferrocene has a unique structure, i.e., a central iron atom neatly sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl rings, which has revolutionized the chemists’ views about how metals bind to organic π-systems. This structural arrangement leads to some fascinating chemical and photophysical properties. The last three decades, there were reports about receptor molecules that could be considered to perform simple logic operations via coupling ionic bonding or more complex molecular-recognition processes with photonic (fluorescence) signals. In these systems, chemical binding (‘input’) results in a change in fluorescence intensity (‘output’) from the receptor. It has been proven that molecules respond to changes in their environment, such as the presence of various ions, neutral species, pHs, temperatures, and viscosities. Since their first realization by de Silva, molecular logic gates have been intensively experimentally studied, with purely theoretical studies being less common. Here, we present the research that has been conducted on Molecular Logic Gates (MLGs) containing ferrocene and their applications. We categorized such systems into three families of MLGs: long-chain molecules (oligomers or polymers) that incorporate ferrocene, medium-sized molecules that incorporate ferrocene, and systems where ferrocene or its derivatives are used as external additives. Furthermore, MLGs including metal cations without the ferrocene moiety are briefly presented, while computational methodologies for an accurate theoretical study of MLG, including metal cations, are suggested. Finally, future perspectives of MLGs containing ferrocene and their applications are also presented.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zn-Salophen Complexes with Different D–A Distances: An Approach to Tuning the Intersystem-Crossing Process
Authors: Li Ze-Hao , Tang Zi-Yi , Zhang Jing , Zhang Jun-Long
Published: April 2024

A series of novel zinc-salophen (salophen = N, N′-phenylenebis(salicylimine)) complexes (Zn-1–4) with electron donor–acceptor (D–A) structure were synthesized and characterized using a triphenylamine structure as the electron donor. Zn-salophen complexes with the same substituent sites have been reported to exhibit significant CT properties. The design of the D–A structure and the increase in the number of benzene rings to increase the length of bridging groups have led to a reduction in the energy difference between charge separation singlet and triplet states, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation. The ability has been enhanced (in terms of the production of singlet oxygen (1O2), compared with Zn-salophen, Zn-4 is 1.58 times higher). This method has been reported to enhance the intersystem crossing process of compounds, thereby enabling them to reach a triple excited state, but the generation of ROS has not been studied. Although the enhancement is not very significant, it has expanded the medical application prospects of these types of complexes and has provided a new strategy to enhance the production of ROS.
Catalytic Conversion of Jatropha curcas Oil to Biodiesel Using Mussel Shell-Derived Catalyst: Characterization, Stability, and Comparative Study
Authors: Shafi Manal E. , Alsabi Halimah A. , Almasoudi Suad H. , Mufti Faten A. M. , Alowaidi Safaa A. , Alaswad Alaa A.
Published: April 2024

Biodiesel represents a promising solution for sustainable energy needs, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional fossil fuels. In this research, we investigate the use of a catalyst derived from mussel shells to facilitate biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil. Our findings from X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis emphasize the importance of carefully selecting calcination temperatures for mussel shell-based catalysts, with 1100 °C identified as optimal for maximizing CaO content. We identify a reaction time of 6 h as potentially optimal, with a reaction temperature of approximately 110 °C yielding the desired methyl ester composition. Notably, a methanol-to-oil ratio of 18:1 is the most favorable condition, and the optimal methyl ester composition is achieved at a calcined catalyst temperature of 900 °C. We also assess the stability of the catalyst, demonstrating its potential for reuse up to five times. Additionally, a thorough analysis of J. curcas Methyl Ester (JCME) biodiesel properties confirmed compliance with industry standards, with variations attributed to the unique characteristics of JCME. Comparing homogeneous (NaOH) and heterogeneous (CaO) catalysts highlights the potential of environmentally sourced heterogeneous catalysts to replace their homogeneous counterparts while maintaining efficiency. Our study presents a novel approach to sustainable biodiesel production, outlining optimal conditions and catalyst stability and highlighting additional benefits compared with NaOH catalysts. Therefore, utilizing mussel shell waste for catalyst synthesis can efficiently eliminate waste and produce cost-effective catalysts.
New Cretaceous Fossil Achilidae Taxa (Insecta, Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) from Burmese Ambers with Description of Niryasaburniini Trib. Nov.
Authors: Deng Keyi , Bourgoin Thierry , Zhai Zhiyue , Wang Menglin
Published: April 2024

A new species Niryasaburnia nigrutomia sp. nov. of the planthopper family Achilidae from Burmese amber collected from Hukawng Valley (Tanai) of northern Myanmar, is described, notably based on forewing pattern coloration and metatibiotarsal teeth conformation. A new fossil genus with its type species Sinuovenaxius kachinensis gen. et sp. nov. is also described. The tribe Niryasaburniini trib. nov. is established to include Niryasaburnia Szwedo, 2004, and Sinuovenaxius gen. nov., based on a unique combination of characters, of which the following states are particularly notable: head with compound eyes around half the length of pronotum, late forking of ScP+R and CuA after the fusion of Pcu+A1 on the forewing, apical teeth of metatarsomeres I and II both with subapical platellar sensilla, and a unique hindwing pattern with simple RP and biforked MP, CuA with two terminals only, and with A2 simple, reaching the posterior wing margin. The hindwing venation of this new tribe with RP with only one terminal and both MP and CuA with two terminals is unique in Achilidae.
Copulation Duration and Sperm Precedence with Reference to Larval Diapause Induction in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Togashi Katsumi , Sugimoto Hiroyuki
Published: April 2024

Adults of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus are the primary vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease. A sawyer subspecies in Taiwan (abbreviated ‘T’) has two generations a year (bivoltinism) due to facultative diapause, whereas another subspecies in Japan (abbreviated ‘J’) has a one- or two-year life cycle due to obligate diapause. T, with two infection periods a year, will cause more severe disease epidemics than J if it is introduced into Japan. Inter-subspecies hybridization may inhibit the expression of bivoltinism because many F1 hybrids induce diapause. To predict the effects of introducing T into Japan, the present study investigated copulation duration and late-male sperm precedence to fertilize eggs. The results indicated that a single copulation for more than 65 s supplied sufficient sperm to fertilize a lifetime production of eggs. The incidence of larval diapause was 0.15 for the offspring of T females that mated with a T male and increased to 0.292–0.333 after remating with a J male, while the incidence of larval diapause was 0.900–1.000 for hybrids from T females mated with a J male. Consequently, the estimated proportion of second-male sperm used by T females was 0.185–0.217. The effects of introducing T populations into Japan on the severity of disease epidemics were also discussed.
COVID-19 and Pregnancy: A Dangerous Mix for Bone Turnover and Metabolism Biomarkers in Placenta and Colostrum
Authors: Diaz-Castro Javier , Toledano Juan M. , Sanchez-Romero Javier , Aguilar Africa Caño , Martín-Alvarez Estefanía , Puche-Juarez Maria , Moreno-Fernandez Jorge , Pinar-Gonzalez Maria , Prados Sonia , Carrillo María Paz , Ruiz-Duran Susana , De Paco Matallana Catalina , Ochoa Julio J.
Published: April 2024

Background: In pregnant women, COVID-19 can alter the metabolic environment, cell metabolism, and oxygen supply of trophoblastic cells and, therefore, have a negative influence on essential mechanisms of fetal development. The purpose of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy with regard to the bone turnover and endocrine function of several metabolic biomarkers in colostrum and placenta. Methods: One hundred and twenty-four pregnant mothers were recruited from three hospitals between June 2020 and August 2021 and assigned to two groups: Control group and COVID-19 group. Metabolism biomarkers were addressed in placental tissue and colostrum. Results: Lipocalin-2 and resistin levels were higher in the placenta, revealing an underlying pro-inflammatory status in the gestation period for mothers suffering from COVID-19; a decrease in GLP-1 and leptin was also observed in this group. As for adiponectin, resistin, and insulin, their concentrations showed an increase; a decrease in GLP-1, leptin, and PYY was also reported in the colostrum of mothers suffering from COVID-19 compared with the control group. Conclusions: As for bone turnover, placental samples from mothers with COVID-19 showed lower levels of OPG, while DKK-1 increased compared with the control group. Colostrum samples showed higher levels of OPG, SOST, and PTH in the COVID-19 group, a fact that could have noteworthy implications for energy metabolism, fetal skeletal development, and postnatal bone density and mineralization. Further research is needed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 that may affect pregnancy, so as to assess the short-term and long-term outcomes in infants’ health.
System-Wide Thromboprophylaxis Interventions for Hospitalized Patients at Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: Focus on Cross-Platform Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Tsaftaridis Nikolaos , Goldin Mark , Spyropoulos Alex C.
Published: April 2024

Thromboprophylaxis of hospitalized patients at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) presents challenges owing to patient heterogeneity and lack of adoption of evidence-based methods. Intuitive practices for thromboprophylaxis have resulted in many patients being inappropriately prophylaxed. We conducted a narrative review summarizing system-wide thromboprophylaxis interventions in hospitalized patients. Multiple interventions for thromboprophylaxis have been tested, including multifaceted approaches such as national VTE prevention programs with audits, pre-printed order entry, passive alerts (either human or electronic), and more recently, the use of active clinical decision support (CDS) tools incorporated into electronic health records (EHRs). Multifaceted health-system and order entry interventions have shown mixed results in their ability to increase appropriate thromboprophylaxis and reduce VTE unless mandated through a national VTE prevention program, though the latter approach is potentially costly and effort- and time-dependent. Studies utilizing passive human or electronic alerts have also shown mixed results in increasing appropriate thromboprophylaxis and reducing VTE. Recently, a universal cloud-based and EHR-agnostic CDS VTE tool incorporating a validated VTE risk score revealed high adoption and effectiveness in increasing appropriate thromboprophylaxis and reducing major thromboembolism. Active CDS tools hold promise in improving appropriate thromboprophylaxis, especially with further refinement and widespread implementation within various EHRs and clinical workflows.
The Impact of Tumor Laterality (Unilateral vs. Bilateral) on Presentation and Management Outcome in Patients with Retinoblastoma
Authors: Mohammad Mona , Mehyar Mustafa , Halalsheh Hadeel , Shehada Reham , Al Adawi Omar , Khzouz Jakub , Jaradat Imad , Al-Hussaini Maysa , Sultan Iyad , Alnawaiseh Ibrahim , Yousef Yacoub A.
Published: April 2024

Background: This study compares the outcomes of managing retinoblastoma between patients with unilateral and bilateral presentations. Methods: The study, conducted at the King Hussein Cancer Center in Amman, Jordan, retrospectively analyzed cases of retinoblastoma treated between March 2003 and December 2019. Evaluation criteria included clinical features, disease stage, treatment methods, and overall management outcomes. Results: The study comprised 697 eyes from 478 patients with retinoblastoma, with 52% being males. Bilateral disease was observed in 70% of patients, and a family history of retinoblastoma was more prevalent in cases with bilateral disease (20%) compared to those with unilateral disease (4%). Unilateral cases had a median age at diagnosis of 28 months, whereas bilateral cases were diagnosed at a median age of 6 months. Extra-ocular retinoblastoma was detected in 1% of eyes. According to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification (IIRC), 88% of unilateral cases presented with advanced disease (IIRC group D/E), compared to 46% in bilateral cases. Primary enucleation was performed in 29% of unilateral cases and 16% of bilateral cases (p-value 0.0007). Eye salvage rates were 31% in unilateral cases and 68% in bilateral cases (p-value < 0.0001). At 120 months of follow-up, 5% of patients died from secondary neoplasms or metastases, 81% were alive, and 14% were lost to follow-up. There was no significant difference in metastasis, secondary neoplasms, or mortality between patients with unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma. Conclusions: This study highlights the nuanced differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma, emphasizing the necessity of customized management and early detection strategies. It demonstrates that while bilateral retinoblastoma benefits from earlier detection and has a higher rate of eye salvage, there is no significant difference in metastasis or mortality rates when compared to unilateral cases. The critical roles of primary enucleation in advanced cases, along with effective communication and patient education, are also underscored to improve treatment adherence. Overall, these findings point to the importance of tailored approaches in optimizing outcomes for the diverse patient population affected by retinoblastoma.
Assessment of Changes in Cap and Residual Stromal Thickness Values during a 6-Month Observation after Refractive Lenticule Extraction Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Janiszewska-Bil Dominika , Czarnota-Nowakowska Barbara , Kuciel-Polczak Izabela , Dobrowolski Dariusz , Grabarek Beniamin Oskar , Lyssek-Boroń Anita , Wylęgała Edward , Wierzbowska Joanna
Published: April 2024

Background: In this study, the changes in corneal cap and residual stromal thickness (RST) values during a 180-day observation period after refractive lenticule extraction small incision lenticule extraction (ReLEx SMILE) were assessed. Methods: Fifty patients underwent ReLEx SMILE using the VisuMax 500 femtosecond laser, with corneal imaging conducted pre and post procedure via anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Cap thickness in the center and 1.5 mm from the center in four meridians was measured at various intervals. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in cap thickness 180 days post procedure compared to earlier intervals (p < 0.05). Similarly, RST decreased gradually and significantly post procedure (p < 0.05). Notably, changes in cap thickness within the central 1.5 mm area were more dynamic than RST changes during the 6-month observation period following SMILE. Conclusions: The corneal cap thickness measured with swept-source AS-OCT within the central 1.5 mm area underwent more dynamic changes than the residual stromal thickness during the 6-month observation following SMILE.
Impaired Hand Grip Strength Correlates with Greater Disability and Symptom Severity in Post-COVID Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Paffrath Anna , Kim Laura , Kedor Claudia , Stein Elisa , Rust Rebekka , Freitag Helma , Hoppmann Uta , Hanitsch Leif G. , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Wittke Kirsten , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Sotzny Franziska
Published: April 2024

Background: Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) encompasses a diverse array of symptoms persisting beyond 3 months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with mental as well as physical fatigue being the most frequent manifestations. Methods: In 144 female patients with PCS, hand grip strength (HGS) parameters were assessed as an objective measure of muscle fatigue, with 78 meeting the Canadian Consensus Criteria for postinfectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The severity of disability and key symptoms was evaluated using self-reported questionnaires. Results: Patients with ME/CFS exhibited heightened overall symptom severity, including lower physical function (p < 0.001), a greater degree of disability (p < 0.001), more severe fatigue (p < 0.001), postexertional malaise (p < 0.001), and autonomic dysfunction (p = 0.004) compared to other patients with PCS. While HGS was impaired similarly in all patients with PCS and exhibited a significant correlation with physical function across the entire patient group, HGS of patients with ME/CFS uniquely demonstrated associations with key symptoms. Conclusions: Thus, impaired HGS serves as an objective marker of physical function in patients with PCS. Only in patients meeting ME/CFS criteria is impaired HGS also associated with the severity of hallmark symptoms. This suggests a common mechanism for muscle fatigue and other symptoms in the ME/CFS subtype, distinct from that in other types of PCS.
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Liquiritin and Other Phenolics from Glycyrrhiza glabra and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Eltahir Ali O. E. , Lategan Kim L. , David Oladipupo M. , Pool Edmund J. , Luckay Robert C. , Hussein Ahmed A.
Published: April 2024

Phenolic compounds are the main phytochemical constituents of many higher plants. They play an important role in synthesizing metal nanoparticles using green technology due to their ability to reduce metal salts and stabilize them through physical interaction/conjugation to the metal surface. Six pure phenolic compounds were isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and employed in synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The isolated compounds were identified as liquiritin (1), isoliquiritin (2), neoisoliquiritin (3), isoliquiritin apioside (4), liquiritin apioside (5), and glabridin (6). The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV, zeta sizer, HRTEM, and IR and tested for their stability in different biological media. The phenolic isolates and their corresponding synthesized NP conjugates were tested for their potential in vitro cytotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in both normal and inflammation-induced settings, where inflammatory biomarkers were stimulated using lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. LPS, functioning as a mitogen, promotes cell growth by reducing apoptosis, potentially contributing to observed outcomes. Results indicated that all six pure phenolic isolates inhibited cell proliferation. The AuNP conjugates of all the phenolic isolates, except liquiritin apioside (5), inhibited cell viability. LPS initiates inflammatory markers by binding to cell receptors and setting off a cascade of events leading to inflammation. All the pure phenolic isolates, except isoliquiritin, neoisoliquiritin, and isoliquiritin apioside inhibited the inflammatory activity of RAW cells in vitro.
Female Lower Body Muscle Forces: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Comparison of Back Squats, Split Squats and Good Mornings
Authors: Jaeggi Jessica S. , Achermann Basil , Lorenzetti Silvio R.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze lower leg muscle forces during strength exercises such as back squats, good mornings and split squats, with a particular emphasis on females. By focusing on females, who are more vulnerable to anterior cruciate ligament injuries, we aimed to better understand muscle engagement and its role in injury prevention. Eight participants were monitored during exercises with a barbell load of 25% of body weight and, during the back squat, an additional 50% load. The analysis was conducted using personalized musculoskeletal models, electromyography (EMG) and Vicon motion capture systems to assess various muscle groups, including the m. gluteus maximus and m. gluteus medius, as well as the hamstring and quadriceps muscles. The back squat produced the highest forces for the quadriceps muscles, particularly the rectus femoris (>25 N/kg), as well as in the back leg during the split squat (>15 N/kg). The gluteal muscles were most active during good mornings and in the front leg of the split squat, especially the m. gluteus maximus medial part (>20 N/kg). The hamstrings generated the highest muscle forces in the front leg of the split squat, with the greatest forces observed in the m. semimembranosus. Our research highlights how musculoskeletal modeling helps us to understand the relationship among muscles, joint angles and anterior cruciate ligament injury risks, especially in strength training females. The results emphasize the need for personalized exercise guidance and customized models to make strength training safer and more effective.
GBM-ILM: Grey-Box Modeling Based on Incremental Learning and Mechanism for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Mengwei , Li Decai , Xiong Junfeng , He Yuqing
Published: April 2024

Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) have garnered significant attention across various application fields. A sufficiently accurate kinetic model is essential for achieving high-performance navigation and control of USVs. However, time-varying unobservable internal states and external disturbances pose challenges in accurately modeling the USV’s kinetics, and existing methods face difficulties in accurately estimating unknown time-varying disturbances online while ensuring precise mechanism modeling. To address this issue, a novel grey-box modeling method based on incremental learning and mechanisms (GBM-ILM) is proposed. Its union structure combines the advantages of both incremental learning networks and physical mechanisms for estimating the USV’s full kinetics. Depending on the linear parameter-varying (LPV) mechanism, it not only adheres to physical laws but also calculates the unstructured model errors. An incremental learning network is implemented to continuously refine model errors, by accounting for the USV’s time-varying characteristics and iteratively updating the network parameters and structures to adapt to different USV states and environmental disturbances. To validate this method, we developed the ‘Salmon’ USV and conducted identification experiments in a lake. Compared to tests of other state-of-the-art methods, our method has better adaptability, with 46.34%, 14.86%, and 6.87% accuracy improvements when estimating the USV’s forward, turning, and sideslip dynamic model, respectively.
Bottom Multi-Parameter Bayesian Inversion Based on an Acoustic Backscattering Model
Authors: Zheng Yi , Yu Shengqi , Qin Zhiliang , Liu Xueqin , Xie Chuang , Liu Mengting , Zhao Jixiang
Published: April 2024

The geoacoustic and physical properties of the bottom, as well as spatial distribution, are crucial factors in analyzing the underwater acoustic field structure and establishing a geoacoustic model. Acoustic inversion has been widely used as an economical and effective method to obtain multi-parameters of the bottom. Compared with traditional inversion methods based on acoustic propagation models, acoustic backscattering models are more suitable for multi-parameter inversion, because they contain more bottom information. In this study, a Bayesian inversion method based on an acoustic backscattering model is proposed to obtain bottom multi-parameters, including geoacoustic parameters (the sound speed and loss parameter), partial physical parameters of the sediment, and statistical parameters of the seafloor roughness and sediment heterogeneity. The bottom was viewed as a kind of fluid medium. A high-frequency backscattering model based on fluid theory was adopted as the forward model to fit the scattering strength between the model prediction and the measured data. The Bayesian inversion method was used to obtain the posterior probability density (PPD) of the inversion parameters. Parameter estimation, uncertainty, and correlation were acquired by calculating the maximum a posterior (MAP), the mean values, the one-dimensional marginal distributions of the PPD, and the covariance matrix. Finally, the high-frequency bottom backscattering strength from the Quinault Range site was employed for inversion tests. The estimated values and uncertainties of various bottom parameters are presented and compared with the directly measured bottom parameters. The comparison results demonstrate that the method proposed herein can be used to estimate the sediment/water sound speed ratio, the sediment/water density ratio, and the spectral exponent of the roughness spectrum effectively and reliably.
Optimal Planning for Wind Turbines in Mega Seaports Considering Practical Application Constraints: A Case Study of Ningbo-Zhoushan Port
Authors: Zhang Qianneng , Jiang Yipeng , Ren Haidong , Tang Hao , Tang Daogui , Yuan Chengqing , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: April 2024

In the context of global carbon neutrality, ports face significant electricity demand for cargo handling and pressure to reduce carbon emissions. The abundant wind energy resources in port areas make wind power highly promising for port applications. The optimal selection of site and turbine types for wind power systems can effectively reduce emissions in ports, achieving sustainability and improving economic benefits. The practical implementation of wind energy systems considering practical constraints holds significant research significance. Taking Ningbo-Zhoushan Port as an example, this paper analyzes the wind energy resources in the port area and provides an overview of wind power system construction sites. Based on the actual conditions of the port area, this paper comprehensively reviews the site selection of wind turbines from the perspectives of wind resources, specific climates, and noise impacts. With the consideration of engineering preferences, this paper selects performance indicators based on the four mainstream turbine models and proposes a comprehensive weight determination method using the entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of the indicators. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is then employed to score and compare four turbine plans, enabling the turbine selection process to consider both engineering preferences and objectivity, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of wind turbine planning and achieving significant ecological and economic benefits through benefit analysis.
Histone Methyltransferase SsDim5 Regulates Fungal Virulence through H3K9 Trimethylation in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Qin Lei , Gong Xin , Nong Jieying , Tang Xianyu , Cui Kan , Zhao Yan , Xia Shitou
Published: April 2024

Histone post-translational modification is one of the main mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, which plays a crucial role in the control of gene expression and various biological processes. However, whether or not it affects fungal virulence in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is not clear. In this study, we identified and cloned the histone methyltransferase Defective in methylation 5 (Dim5) in S. sclerotiorum, which encodes a protein containing a typical SET domain. SsDim5 was found to be dynamically expressed during infection. Knockout experiment demonstrated that deletion of SsDim5 reduced the virulence in Ssdim5-1/Ssdim5-2 mutant strains, accompanied by a significant decrease in H3K9 trimethylation levels. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed the downregulation of genes associated with mycotoxins biosynthesis in SsDim5 deletion mutants. Additionally, the absence of SsDim5 affected the fungus’s response to oxidative and osmotic, as well as cellular integrity. Together, our results indicate that the H3K9 methyltransferase SsDim5 is essential for H3K9 trimethylation, regulating fungal virulence throug mycotoxins biosynthesis, and the response to environmental stresses in S. sclerotiorum.
Radiocarbon-Refined Archaeological Chronology and the History of Human Activity in the Southern Tarim Basin
Authors: Ma Xiaofang , Hu Xingjun , Qiu Menghan
Published: April 2024

Famous for Taklimakan, the world’s second largest sandy desert, the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang has long attracted researchers from various fields to investigate its paleoenvironment and antiquity. The southern part of this basin is an ideal region in which to investigate the interactions between humans and the environment due to its fragile habitat and prosperous ancient civilizations. However, the lack of direct radiocarbon dating data has caused the chronologies of some of the archaeological sites to be debatable, which hinders our ability to reconstruct historical patterns of human activity and further understand, in a coherent manner, their interaction with the environment. This study reports 25 new radiocarbon dates acquired from ten undated archaeological sites in the southern Taklimakan Desert in order to refine their chronologies. Based on this, a radiocarbon dataset was established to reveal the trajectory of human activity with the support of Bayesian chronological modeling. The results indicate a two-millennium continuous flourishing of the local society since the beginning of the first millennium BCE, as well as a peak of human activity during the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE). The distinct trajectory of human activity in the southern Tarim Basin revealed by this study provides a solid foundation for further assessments of human–environment interaction in the Tarim Basin and along the Silk Road.
The Influence of Multilingual Experience on Executive Function and Structure Learning: Effects in Young Adults in the UK and Singapore
Authors: Vassiliu Chrysoula , Leong Victoria , Hendriks Henriette
Published: April 2024

Most studies regarding the relationship between multilingualism and cognitive control reduce linguistic diversity to a dichotomous comparison, viz., monolinguals vs. bilinguals, failing to capture the multifactorial nature of multilingualism. Language research is largely restricted to the Global North, albeit most of the world’s population resides in the Global South, limiting the interpretability of the existing literature. Cognitive performance is assessed using very few tasks, yielding unreliable measurements. In this study, we identify the manner in which multilingual experiences influence cognitive performance in diverse sociolinguistic contexts. Young adults from the UK (n = 51, mean age = 24.0, SD = 3.18) and Singapore (n = 36, mean age = 21.3, SD = 2.15) were tested using an extensive battery of cognitive tasks, including cognitive flexibility (CF), working memory (WM), inhibition, and structure learning (SL). Information on language proficiency, use, age of acquisition, and frequency of switching was collected. The effects of various linguistic factors on the cognitive performance of each group were assessed using multiple linear regression models. The UK and Singapore samples exhibited significantly different linguistic profiles, which in turn dissimilarly influenced their cognitive performance. Our study underscores the necessity for more research in the Global South, challenging the prevailing Northern-centric focus on the multilingualism–cognition relationship.
Early Intervention Guided by the General Movements Examination at Term Corrected Age—Short Term Outcomes
Authors: Toma Adrian Ioan , Dima Vlad , Alexe Adelina , Bojan Cristina , Nemeș Alexandra Floriana , Gonț Bogdan Florin , Arghirescu Alexandra , Necula Andreea Ioana , Fieraru Alina , Stoiciu Roxana , Mirea Andrada , Calomfirescu Avramescu Andreea , Isam Al Jashi
Published: April 2024

Background and aim: The early identification of the former premature neonates at risk of neurologic sequelae could lead to early intervention and a better prognosis. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether the General Movement patterns observed at term-equivalent age in former premature infants could serve as predictors for guiding early intervention and improving prognosis. Materials and methods: In a population of 44 premature neonates (mean gestational age 33.59 weeks (+2.43 weeks)) examined at term-equivalent age, 10 neonates with a cramped–synchronized General Movements motor pattern were identified. These neonates were included in an early intervention program consisting of physiotherapy executed both by the therapist and by the parents at home. They were again examined at a corrected age of 12 weeks. The presence or absence of fidgety movements and the MOS-R (motor optimality score revised) was noted. The examinations were performed by certified specialists. Results: Normal fidgety movements and a MOS-R of 20–24 were presented in 9/10 of the former premature infants, with normal foot to foot contact present in 7/10, and normal hand to hand contact present in 5/10. The atypical patterns noted were side to side movements of the head in 5/10, a non-centered head in 9/10, asymmetric tonic neck reflex in 9/10 and jerky movements in 10/10. One patient presented with no fidgety movements and a MOS-R score of 9. Conclusion: Early intervention in our group of patients allowed for an improvement in the neurologic status, demonstrated by the presence of fidgety movements. We suggest that early intervention should be indicated in all premature infants that present with a cramped–synchronized GM pattern during examination at term-equivalent age. However, due to the small sample size, the absence of statistical analysis and a control group, and the limited follow-up period, the conclusions must be approached with caution.
Study on Cage Stability of Solid-Lubricated Angular Contact Ball Bearings in an Ultra-Low Temperature Environment
Authors: Su Bing , Li Han , Zhang Guangtao , Liu Fengbo , Cui Yongcun
Published: April 2024

In the ultra-low temperature environment, the material properties of the bearing change, which puts forward higher requirements for the dynamic performance of the bearing cage. The bearings operating in ultra-low temperature environments commonly use solid lubricants. This study first focused on measuring the traction coefficients of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) solid lubricant in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the Gupta fitting model is constructed to derive the traction equation. Subsequently, the dynamic differential equation of angular contact ball bearings was established, and the stability of the bearing cage in a nitrogen environment was simulated and analyzed based on the dynamic model. The accuracy of the simulation model was verified through comparison. The results show that less than 10% of errors exist between the experimental data and the traction curve fitted by the Gupta model, and the stability of the cage is closely related to operating parameters and bearing structure parameters. Cage stability increases with axial load but decreases with radial load. The cage stability is optimal when the radial internal clearance of the bearing is approximately 0.06 mm. When other conditions remain unchanged and the ratio of the cage pocket hole gap to the cage guide surface gap is 0.2, the cage stability is the best. The research results will provide a foundation for the design and application of solid-lubricated angular contact ball bearings in ultra-low temperature environments.
Design of Shiitake Mushroom Robotic Picking Grasper: Considering Stipe Compressive Stress Relaxation
Authors: Li Jianxun , Feng Qingchun , Ru Mengfei , Sun Jiahui , Guo Xin , Zheng Wengang
Published: April 2024

In order to realize the automatic picking of shiitake mushrooms and reduce the risk of damage to shiitake mushrooms in the picking process, this paper designed a shiitake mushroom picking grasper. First, this paper carries out mechanical tests of compression and stress relaxation on sections of shiitake mushroom stipes, and establishes the component stress relaxation equations of shiitake mushroom stipes. The compression mechanical characteristics of the entire mushroom stipe are then analyzed using finite element analysis, with a mean square error of less than 5% compared to actual results. Second, based on the actual picking experience, this paper proposes an “L”-shaped three-finger picking grasper, and analyzes the mechanical relationship between the grasper’s gripping force, twisting separation torque, and servo output torque. Furthermore, according to the mechanical constitutive model of mushroom stipes, the optimal twisting separation torque and corresponding servo motor output torque for the grasper are determined. The picking grasper designed in this paper was tested for picking mushrooms of different growth periods, and the test results show that the picking grasper designed in this paper is able to grasp and separate the mushrooms quickly and without damage.
Turing Instability and Spatial Pattern Formation in a Model of Urban Crime
Authors: Torcicollo Isabella , Vitiello Maria
Published: April 2024

A nonlinear crime model is generalized by introducing self- and cross-diffusion terms. The effect of diffusion on the stability of non-negative constant steady states is applied. In particular, the cross-diffusion-driven instability, called Turing instability, is analyzed by linear stability analysis, and several Turing patterns driven by the cross-diffusion are studied through numerical investigations. When the Turing–Hopf conditions are satisfied, the type of instability highlighted in the ODE model persists in the PDE system, still showing an oscillatory behavior.
Preface to: Submanifolds in Metric Manifolds
Authors: Hretcanu Cristina E.
Published: April 2024

The present editorial contains 11 research articles, published in the Special Issue entitled “Submanifolds in metric manifolds” of the MDPI mathematics journal, which cover a wide range of topics from differential geometry in relation to the theory and applications of the structure induced on submanifolds by the structure defined on various ambient manifolds [...]
Ultrasound Computed Tomography Reflection Imaging with Coherence-Factor Beamforming for Breast Tumor Early Detection
Authors: Hou Zuoxun , Yuan Ruichen , Wang Zihao , Wei Xiaorui , Ren Chujian , Zhou Jiale , Qu Xiaolei
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer is a global health concern, emphasizing the need for early detection. However, current mammography struggles to effectively image dense breasts. Breast ultrasound can be an adjunctive method, but it is highly dependent on operator skill. Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) reflection imaging provides high-quality 3D images, but often uses delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming, which limits its image quality. This article proposes the integration of coherence-factor (CF) beamforming into ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) reflection imaging to enhance image quality. CF assesses the focus quality of beamforming by analyzing the signal coherence across different channels, assigning higher weights to high-quality focus points and thereby improving overall image quality. Numerical simulations and phantom experiments using our built USCT prototype were conducted to optimize the imaging parameters and assess and compare the image quality of CF and DAS beamforming. Numerical simulations demonstrated that CF beamforming can significantly enhance image quality. Phantom experiments with our prototype revealed that CF beamforming significantly improves image resolution (from 0.35 mm to 0.14 mm) and increases contrast ratio (from 24.54 dB to 63.28 dB). The integration of CF beamforming into USCT reflection imaging represents a substantial improvement in image quality, offering promise for enhanced breast cancer detection and imaging capabilities.
Finite-Time Adaptive Synchronization and Fixed-Time Synchronization of Fractional-Order Memristive Cellular Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Liu Yihong , Sun Yeguo
Published: April 2024

Asymptotic synchronization requires continuous external control of the system, which is unrealistic considering the cost of control. Adaptive control methods have strong robustness to uncertainties such as disturbances and unknowns. On the other hand, for finite-time synchronization, if the initial value of the system is unknown, the synchronization time of the finite-time synchronization cannot be estimated. This paper explores the finite-time adaptive synchronization (FTAS) and fixed-time synchronization (FDTS) of fractional-order memristive cellular neural networks (FMCNNs) with time-varying delays (TVD). Utilizing the properties and principles of fractional order, we introduce a novel lemma. Based on this lemma and various analysis techniques, we establish new criteria to guarantee FTAS and FDTS of FMCNNs with TVD through the implementation of a delay-dependent feedback controller and fractional-order adaptive controller. Additionally, we estimate the upper bound of the synchronization setting time. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to confirm the validity of the finite-time and fixed-time stability theorems.
A Case Study of Accident Analysis and Prevention for Coal Mining Transportation System Based on FTA-BN-PHA in the Context of Smart Mining Process
Authors: He Longlong , Pan Ruiyu , Wang Yafei , Gao Jiani , Xu Tianze , Zhang Naqi , Wu Yue , Zhang Xuhui
Published: April 2024

In the face of the increasing complexity of risk factors in the coal mining transportation system (CMTS) during the process of intelligent transformation, this study proposes a method for analyzing accidents in CMTS based on fault tree analysis (FTA) combined with Bayesian networks (BN) and preliminary hazard analysis (PHA). Firstly, the fault tree model of CMTS was transformed into a risk Bayesian network, and the inference results of the fault tree and Bayesian network were integrated to identify the key risk factors in the transportation system. Subsequently, based on the preliminary hazard analysis of these key risk factors, corresponding rectification measures and a risk control system construction plan are proposed. Finally, a case study was carried out on the X coal mine as a pilot mine to verify the feasibility of the method. The application of this method effectively identifies and evaluates potential risk factors in CMTS, providing a scientific basis for accident prevention. This research holds significant importance for the safety management and decision making of coal mine enterprises during the process of intelligent transformation and is expected to provide strong support for enhancing the safety and reliability of CMTS.
Hadamard Product of Monomial Ideals and the Hadamard Package
Authors: Bahmani Jafarloo Iman , Bocci Cristiano , Guardo Elena
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we generalize and study the concept of Hadamard product of ideals of projective varieties to the case of monomial ideals. We have a research direction similar to the one of the join of monomial ideals contained in a paper of Sturmfels and Sullivant. In the second part of the paper, we give a brief tutorial on the Hadamard.m2 package of Macaulay2.
A Novel Gaussian Process Surrogate Model with Expected Prediction Error for Optimization under Constraints
Authors: Cong Hongri , Wang Bo , Wang Zhe
Published: April 2024

Optimization, particularly constrained optimization problems (COPs), is fundamental in engineering, influencing various sectors with its critical role in enhancing design efficiency, reducing experimental costs, and shortening testing cycles. This study explores the challenges inherent in COPs, with a focus on developing efficient solution methodologies under stringent constraints. Surrogate models, especially Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), are pivotal in our approach, enabling the approximation of complex systems with reduced computational demand. We evaluate the efficacy of the Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) algorithm, which synergizes GPR with the Expected Improvement (EI) function, and further extend this framework to Constrained Expected Improvement (CEI) and our novel methodology Constrained Expected Prediction Error (CEPE). We demonstrate the effectiveness of these methodologies by numerical benchmark simulations and the real-world application of optimizing a Three-Bar Truss Design. In essence, the innovative CEPE approach promises a potent balance between solution accuracy and computational prowess, offering significant potential in the broader engineering field.
A Blockchain-Based Secure Sharing Scheme for Electrical Impedance Tomography Data
Authors: Zhao Ruwen , Xu Chuanpei , Zhu Zhibin , Mo Wei
Published: April 2024

Real-time electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data sharing is becoming increasingly necessary, due to the extensive use of EIT technology in various sectors, including material analysis, biomedicine, and industrial process monitoring. The prevalence of portable EIT equipment and remote imaging technology has led to a predominance of centralized storage, Internet protocol transmission, and certificates from certificate authorities (CA) in telemedicine data. This has resulted in compromised data security, network communication delays, high CA maintenance costs, increased risks of medical data privacy breaches, and low security. Therefore, this paper offers a consortia blockchain-based method for exchanging EIT data that addresses security and integrity concerns during data storage and exchange, while maintaining transparency and traceability. Proprietary re-encryption techniques are employed to guarantee traceability when exchanging anonymous data, enabling precise control over data access. This scheme serves to protect both data and identity privacy, as well as to trace the actual identity of potential malicious users, while also thwarting any coordinated efforts between partially trusted parties and data requesters seeking unauthorized access to confidential information. Additionally, a combination of blockchain and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) distributed storage technology is utilized to ease the burden of EIT data storage. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution were validated through a series of experiments, demonstrating its ability to effectively prevent data tampering and misuse, reduce data management costs, and enhance the efficiency and quality of data sharing.