bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Acari: Tetranychidae) resistant genotypes in Phaseolus lunatus
Authors: Nere Daniel Rodrigues , Melo José Wagner Da Silva , Lima Debora Barbosa De , Bleicher Ervino
Published: December 2021

The spider mite Tetranychus neocaledonicus André (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a potential threat to the cultivation of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.). In many countries, lima beans are grown by small-holder farmers with limited access to inputs and technologies. In such systems, the implementation of control practices, such as chemical treatments that require costly equipment and supplies, becomes unviable. Therefore, the development and use of resistant plant genotypes could provide a promising alternative for small producers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify and evaluate T. neocaledonicus-resistant genotypes of lima bean. A total of 30 lima bean genotypes were evaluated using the instantaneous increase rate (ri) of T. neocaledonicus reared on individual host genotypes, and T. neocaledonicus fertility life tables were generating by rearing mites on host genotypes with the two highest ri values (IFCE-085 and IFCE-091, considered highly susceptible) and two lowest ri values (IFCE-084 and IFCE-090, considered resistant). Only the IFCE-090 genotype adversely affected immature T. neocaledonicus individuals, by reducing their survival rate, net reproductive rate (Ro), finite rate of increase (λ), and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and by increasing their mean generation time (T) and time to reach adulthood. The results demonstrate the variation in the susceptibility of lima bean genotypes to T. neocaledonicus and identify the IFCE-090 genotype as a potential source of mite resistance.
Questing behavior of adult Amblyomma americanum (L.) in a laboratory setting

Authors: Huang Miranda , Jones Abby , Sabet Afsoon , Masters Jillian , Dearing Natalie , Ward Samuel F. , Goddard Jerome
Published: December 2021

Tick-borne diseases are on the rise globally; however, information is lacking about tick questing behavior. In this laboratory study, we explored tick preferences for stem type (plastic grass, wooden, and metal), questing height, and head orientation. Using 60 Amblyomma americanum adults over three 72-hour replicates, we determined that 21.7% of ticks quested at any given time and that ticks exhibited a strong preference to quest with their heads oriented downwards, irrespective of stem type. Individual ticks tended to quest on only one stem in this study, and a maximum of three. Nonetheless, ticks appeared to prefer questing on wooden and plastic grass stems over metal stems. We did not find an effect of time of day on tick questing rates. Increased understanding of tick questing behavior can improve vector control efforts.
Time-restricted feeding prevents deleterious metabolic effects of circadian disruption through epigenetic control of β cell function
Authors: Brown Matthew R. , Sen Satish K. , Mazzone Amelia , Her Tracy K. , Xiong Yuning , Lee Jeong-Heon , Javeed Naureen , Colwell Christopher S. , Rakshit Kuntol , LeBrasseur Nathan K. , Gaspar-Maia Alexandre , Ordog Tamas , Matveyenko Aleksey V.
Published: December 2021

Time-restricted feeding improves glucose homeostasis through epigenetic control of pancreatic β cell function.
Calcification-driven CO
2
emissions exceed “Blue Carbon” sequestration in a carbonate seagrass meadow
Authors: Van Dam Bryce R. , Zeller Mary A. , Lopes Christian , Smyth Ashley R. , Böttcher Michael E. , Osburn Christopher L. , Zimmerman Tristan , Pröfrock Daniel , Fourqurean James W. , Thomas Helmuth
Published: December 2021

Rigorous carbon accounting shows that calcification-driven CO
2
emissions can exceed seagrass “Blue Carbon” storage.
Ice core evidence for atmospheric oxygen decline since the Mid-Pleistocene transition
Authors: Yan Yuzhen , Brook Edward J. , Kurbatov Andrei V. , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. , Higgins John A.
Published: December 2021

The 1.5-million-year-old Antarctic ice indicates a balanced atmospheric oxygen budget before the Mid-Pleistocene Transition.
From grasping to manipulation with gecko-inspired adhesives on a multifinger gripper
Authors: Ruotolo Wilson , Brouwer Dane , Cutkosky Mark R.
Published: December 2021

A multifingered robotic hand deploys gecko-inspired adhesives efficiently to enhance grasping and manipulation capabilities.
Hepatitis B Virus Small Envelope Protein Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Angiogenesis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling To Upregulate the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Authors: Wu Shu-Xiang , Ye Shuang-Shuang , Hong Yu-Xiang , Chen Yan , Wang Biao , Lin Xin-Jian , Lin Xu
Published: December 2021

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is one of the important risk factors for the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is characteristic of hypervascularization even at early phases of the disease due to the overexpression of angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA).
Linkage of Whole Genome Sequencing, Epidemiological, and Clinical Data to Understand the Genetic Diversity and Clinical Outcomes of Shigella flexneri among Men Who Have Sex with Men in England
Authors: Mitchell Holly D. , Thomson Nicholas R. , Jenkins Claire , Dallman Timothy J. , Painset Anaïs , Kirwan Peter , Delpech Valerie , Mikhail Amy F. W. , Field Nigel , Hughes Gwenda
Published: December 2021

Within the last 2 decades there have been an increasing number of
Shigella
spp. outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide. In 2015, Public Health England (PHE) introduced routine whole genome sequencing (WGS) for the national surveillance of
Shigella
spp.
Cellular and Extracellular Vesicle RNA Analysis in the Global Threat Fungus
Candida auris
Authors: Munhoz da Rocha Isadora F. , Martins Sharon T. , Amatuzzi Rafaela F. , Zamith-Miranda Daniel , Nosanchuk Joshua D. , Rodrigues Marcio L. , Alves Lysangela R.
Published: December 2021

Candida auris
, a relevant emerging human-pathogenic yeast, is the first fungus to be called a global public health threat by the WHO. This is because of its rapid spread on all inhabited continents, together with its extremely high frequency of drug and multidrug resistance.
Inactivating Effects of Common Laboratory Disinfectants, Fixatives, and Temperatures on the Eggs of Soil Transmitted Helminths
Authors: Kines Kristine J. , Fox Mark , Ndubuisi MacKevin , Verocai Guilherme G. , Cama Vitaliano , Bradbury Richard S.
Published: December 2021

This study systematically evaluates common laboratory disinfectants and storage conditions for their effectiveness in inactivating the infective stages of soil-transmitted helminths (STH). Animal-infecting proxy species were chosen to represent three major groups of STH that infect humans: roundworms, whipworms, and hookworms.
Can coseismic static stress changes sustain postseismic degassing?
Authors: Bonini Marco
Published: December 2021

Earthquakes can trigger increased degassing in hydrogeological systems. Many of these systems return to preseismic conditions after months, but sometimes postseismic degassing lasts for years. The factors controlling such long-lasting degassing are poorly known. I explored the potential role of diverse triggering mechanisms (i.e., dynamic and static stress changes, volumetric strain) for three large earthquakes that induced postseismic degassing (the Wenchuan [China], Maule [Chile], and Gorkha [Nepal] earthquakes). The lessons from this study suggest that hydrogeological systems can respond to earthquakes in various ways, and different causal mechanisms can play a role. Persistent increased CO2 flux from hot springs has been documented after the Gorkha earthquake. These hot springs had their feeder systems dominantly unclamped, suggesting that sufficiently large normal stress changes may sustain late postseismic degassing. The results of this study are twofold: (1) they show a spatial correlation between unclamping stress and increased gas flow, and (2) they provide an explanation for protracted increased degassing.
Effects of Polymetallic Ore Occurrences on Mercury Accumulation by Aquatic Biota in River Ecosystems
Authors: Shapovalov M. I. , Gremyachikh V. A. , Komov V. T.
Published: December 2021

The study represents the data on metal content in the body of stoneflies Perla pallida Guerin-Meneville, 1838 (Plecoptera, Perlidae) and in muscles of the fish family Cyprinidae from the small tributaries of the Belaya River (Republic of Adygea, Northwest Caucasus) with ore mineralization of various metals including mercury. It was found that mercury (Hg) concentrations in stoneflies are corresponds to from the water basins without local Hg sources. Mercury content in stoneflies depends on season and is more intensive in early ontogenesis in winter than in the warm season. Mercury concentration in 0.01–0.72 mg/kg dry weight can cause the pathomorphological changes in the structure of organs and decrease the adaptive potential in competitive population of stoneflies, in general. The Hg concentration reached 0.09–0.69 mg/kg in the studied fish species (bleak, gudgeons, and barbels) and was similar to concentrations in stonefly larvae. This can be related with low size-weight parameters of fishes in samples as wells as with similar feeding patterns of hydrobionts.
Survival analysis of 8785 malignant lymphoma cases in the oral and nasal cavities in the USA: a cohort study
Authors: Jiang Feifei , Yan Ai-Hui
Published: December 2021

Objective

To identify the factors associated with the survival of malignant Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in oral and nasal cavities.

Study design. Retrospective cohort survival analysis.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 18 database was used to analyse the factors associated with the 5-year survival rate of malignant lymphomas diagnosed in the oral cavity and pharynx (OCP) and nasal cavity and sinus (NCS) regions from 1988 to 2011 for all patients in the USA. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate the HR of malignant lymphoma death overall and by the site of cancer diagnosis.

Results

Among the 8785 patients included in the analysis, 4103 (46.7%) were women, 6096 (69.4%) were non-Hispanic (NH) white, 635 (7.2%) were NH black and 1209 (13.8%) were Hispanic patients of all races. We found that a higher 5-year survival rate of malignant lymphoma is associated with: female gender; younger age at diagnosis; NH white race/ethnicity; diagnosis in the oral cavity; receiving surgery/radiation and surgery/radiation, surgery and chemotherapy as the treatment; diagnosis at a localised stage and diagnosis in later calendar years. No association with lymphoma subtype was observed.

Conclusion

We have identified several demographics and prognosis factors associated with the 5-year survival rate of malignant lymphomas in the OCP and NCS regions. These findings warrant greater public health attention on the prognosis of malignant lymphomas in the OCP and NCS regions among the most vulnerable populations.
Prevalence and incidence of Parkinson’s disease and other forms of parkinsonism in a cohort of elderly individuals in Southern Brazil: protocol for a population-based study
Authors: Pereira Gabriela Magalhães , Soares Nayron Medeiros , Bruscato Neide Maria , Moriguchi Emilio Hideyuki , Senger João , Werle Berenice Maria , Almeida Rosa Maria Martins de , Schumacher-Schuh Artur Francisco , Rieder Carlos Roberto de Mello
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Parkinsonism is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting the elderly. Several population-based studies have determined the epidemiology of parkinsonism, mainly Parkinson’s disease (PD), but there is still little evidence in the Brazilian population. This protocol study aims to assess the prevalence and incidence of cases of PD and other parkinsonian syndromes in a 5-year cohort in a population-based study in the southern region of Brazil.

Methods and analysis

A prospective population-based longitudinal study, with a cohort of development of cases of parkinsonism, divided into two phases: in phase I, two questionnaires to screen for parkinsonism (Tanner’s questionnaire), Rapid Eyes Movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Single-Question Screen) and a short interview will be conducted with all elderly residents of Veranópolis (the first longevity Brazilian county located in the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) aged 60 or over. The positive screened cases will be examined independently by at least two movement disorder-trained physicians and prevalence will be determined. A comprehensive evaluation of prodromic symptoms, risk factors and clinical characteristics will be carried out. Subjects with subtle parkinsonism and a sample of healthy subjects will be followed for 5 years in a developmental cohort of parkinsonism cases. For crude incidence, all individuals admitted at the beginning of the study will be re-evaluated.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (protocol n° 4.095.609). All participants provide their informed consent before evaluations. Findings from this survey will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and will be presented at conferences.
Flipped SU(5) GUT phenomenology: proton decay and $$\mathbf {g_\mu - 2}$$
Authors: Ellis John , Evans Jason L. , Nagata Natsumi , Nanopoulos Dimitri V. , Olive Keith A.
Published: December 2021

We consider proton decay and $$g_\mu - 2$$

g
μ

-
2

in flipped SU(5) GUT models. We first study scenarios in which the soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters are constrained to be universal at some high scale $$M_{in}$$

M

in

above the standard GUT scale where the QCD and electroweak SU(2) couplings unify. In this case the proton lifetime is typically $$ > rsim 10^{36}$$

≳

10
36

 years, too long to be detected in the foreseeable future, and the supersymmetric contribution to $$g_\mu - 2$$

g
μ

-
2

is too small to contribute significantly to resolving the discrepancy between the experimental measurement and data-driven calculations within the Standard Model. However, we identify a region of the constrained flipped SU(5) parameter space with large couplings between the 10- and 5-dimensional GUT Higgs representations where $$p \rightarrow e^+ \pi ^0$$

p
→

e
+

π
0

decay may be detectable in the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment now under construction, though the contribution to $$g_\mu -2$$

g
μ

-
2

is still small. A substantial contribution to $$g_\mu - 2$$

g
μ

-
2

is possible, however, if the universality constraints on the soft supersymmetry-breaking masses are relaxed. We find a ‘quadrifecta’ region where observable proton decay co-exists with a (partial) supersymmetric resolution of the $$g_\mu - 2$$

g
μ

-
2

discrepancy and acceptable values of $$m_h$$

m
h

and the relic LSP density.
Heavy + light pseudoscalar meson semileptonic transitions
Authors: Xu Zhen-Ni , Cui Zhu-Fang , Roberts Craig D. , Xu Chang
Published: December 2021

A symmetry-preserving regularisation of a vector$$\times $$×vector contact interaction (SCI) is used to deliver a unified treatment of semileptonic transitions involving$$\pi $$π,K,$$D_{(s)}$$D(s),$$B_{(s,c)}$$B(s,c)initial states. The framework is characterised by algebraic simplicity, few parameters, and the ability to simultaneously treat systems from Nambu–Goldstone modes to heavy+heavy mesons. Although the SCI form factors are typically somewhat stiff, the results are comparable with experiment and rigorous theory results. Hence, predictions for the five unmeasured$$B_{s,c}$$Bs,cbranching fractions should be a reasonable guide. The analysis provides insights into the effects of Higgs boson couplings via current-quark masses on the transition form factors; and results on$$B_{(s)}\rightarrow D_{(s)}$$B(s)→D(s)transitions yield a prediction for the Isgur–Wise function in fair agreement with contemporary data.
Strange hidden-charm tetraquarks in constituent quark model
Authors: Jin Xin , Wu Yuheng , Liu Xuejie , Huang Hongxia , Ping Jialun , Zhong Bin
Published: December 2021

In the framework of the chiral quark model (ChQM), we systematically investigate the strange hidden-charm tetraquark systems $$cs{\bar{c}}{\bar{u}}$$

c
s

c

¯

u

¯

with two structures: $$q{\bar{q}}-q{\bar{q}}$$

q

q

¯

-
q

q

¯

and $$qq-{\bar{q}}{\bar{q}}$$

q
q
-

q

¯

q

¯

. The bound-state calculation shows that there is no any bound state in present work, which excludes the molecular state explanation ($$D^{0}D_{s}^{*-}/D^{*0}D_{s}^{-}/D^{*0}D_{s}^{*-}$$

D
0

D

s

∗
-

/

D

∗
0

D

s

-

/

D

∗
0

D

s

∗
-

) of the reported $$Z_{cs}(3985)^{-}$$

Z

cs

(
3985
)

-

or $$Z_{cs}(4000)^{+}$$

Z

cs

(
4000
)

+

. However, the effective potentials for the $$cs-{\bar{c}}{\bar{u}}$$

c
s
-

c

¯

u

¯

systems show the possibility of some resonance states. By applying a stabilization calculation and coupling all channels of both two structures, two new resonance states are obtained, which are the $$IJ^{P}=\frac{1}{2} 0^{+}$$

I

J
P

=

1
2

0
+

state with the energy around 4111–4116 MeV and the $$IJ^{P} =\frac{1}{2} 1^{+}$$

I

J
P

=

1
2

1
+

state with energy around 4113–4119 MeV, respectively. Both of them are worthy of search in future experiments. Our results show that the coupling calculation between the bound channels and open channels is indispensable to provide the necessary information for experiments to search for exotic hadron states.
Decoding Color Visual Working Memory from EEG Signals Using Graph Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Che Xiaowei , Zheng Yuanjie , Chen Xin , Song Sutao , Li Shouxin
Published: December 2021

Color has an important role in object recognition and visual working memory (VWM). Decoding color VWM in the human brain is helpful to understand the mechanism of visual cognitive process and evaluate memory ability. Recently, several studies showed that color could be decoded from scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) signals during the encoding stage of VWM, which process visible information with strong neural coding. Whether color could be decoded from other VWM processing stages, especially the maintaining stage which processes invisible information, is still unknown. Here, we constructed an EEG color graph convolutional network model (ECo-GCN) to decode colors during different VWM stages. Based on graph convolutional networks, ECo-GCN considers the graph structure of EEG signals and may be more efficient in color decoding. We found that (1) decoding accuracies for colors during the encoding, early, and late maintaining stages were 81.58%, 79.36%, and 77.06%, respectively, exceeding those during the pre-stimuli stage (67.34%), and (2) the decoding accuracy during maintaining stage could predict participants’ memory performance. The results suggest that EEG signals during the maintaining stage may be more sensitive than behavioral measurement to predict the VWM performance of human, and ECo-GCN provides an effective approach to explore human cognitive function.
Real-time Bidding for Time Constrained Impression Contracts in First and Second Price Auctions - Theory and Algorithms
Authors: Kinnear Ryan J. , Mazumdar Ravi R. , Marbach Peter
Published: December 2021

We study the optimal bids and allocations in a real-time auction for heterogeneous items subject to the requirement that specified collections of items of given types be acquired within given time constraints. The problem is cast as a continuous time optimization problem that can, under certain weak assumptions, be reduced to a convex optimization problem. Focusing on the standard first and second price auctions, we first show, using convex duality, that the optimal (infinite dimensional) bidding policy can be represented by a single finite vector of so-called ''pseudo-bids''. Using this result we are able to show that the optimal solution in the second price case turns out to be a very simple piecewise constant function of time. This contrasts with the first price case that is more complicated. Despite the fact that the optimal solution for the first price auction is genuinely dynamic, we show that there remains a close connection between the two cases and that, empirically, there is almost no difference between optimal behavior in either setting. This suggests that it is adequate to bid in a first price auction as if it were in fact second price. Finally, we detail methods for implementing our bidding policies in practice with further numerical simulations illustrating the performance.
Traffic Refinery
Authors: Bronzino Francesco , Schmitt Paul , Ayoubi Sara , Kim Hyojoon , Teixeira Renata , Feamster Nick
Published: December 2021

Network management often relies on machine learning to make predictions about performance and security from network traffic. Often, the representation of the traffic is as important as the choice of the model. The features that the model relies on, and the representation of those features, ultimately determine model accuracy, as well as where and whether the model can be deployed in practice. Thus, the design and evaluation of these models ultimately requires understanding not only model accuracy but also the systems costs associated with deploying the model in an operational network. Towards this goal, this paper develops a new framework and system that enables a joint evaluation of both the conventional notions of machine learning performance (e.g., model accuracy) and the systems-level costs of different representations of network traffic. We highlight these two dimensions for two practical network management tasks, video streaming quality inference and malware detection, to demonstrate the importance of exploring different representations to find the appropriate operating point. We demonstrate the benefit of exploring a range of representations of network traffic and present Traffic Refinery, a proof-of-concept implementation that both monitors network traffic at 10~Gbps and transforms traffic in real time to produce a variety of feature representations for machine learning. Traffic Refinery both highlights this design space and makes it possible to explore different representations for learning, balancing systems costs related to feature extraction and model training against model accuracy.
Understanding the Practices of Global Censorship through Accurate, End-to-End Measurements
Authors: Jin Lin , Hao Shuai , Wang Haining , Cotton Chase
Published: December 2021

It is challenging to conduct a large scale Internet censorship measurement, as it involves triggering censors through artificial requests and identifying abnormalities from corresponding responses. Due to the lack of ground truth on the expected responses from legitimate services, previous studies typically require a heavy, unscalable manual inspection to identify false positives while still leaving false negatives undetected. In this paper, we propose Disguiser, a novel framework that enables end-to-end measurement to accurately detect the censorship activities and reveal the censor deployment without manual efforts. The core of Disguiser is a control server that replies with a static payload to provide the ground truth of server responses. As such, we send requests from various types of vantage points across the world to our control server, and the censorship activities can be recognized if a vantage point receives a different response. In particular, we design and conduct a cache test to pre-exclude the vantage points that could be interfered by cache proxies along the network path. Then we perform application traceroute towards our control server to explore censors' behaviors and their deployment. With Disguiser, we conduct 58 million measurements from vantage points in 177 countries. We observe 292 thousand censorship activities that block DNS, HTTP, or HTTPS requests inside 122 countries, achieving a 10^-6 false positive rate and zero false negative rate. Furthermore, Disguiser reveals the censor deployment in 13 countries.
Lower citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial complex expression, and fewer oxidative myofibers characterize skeletal muscle from growth-restricted fetal sheep
Authors: Stremming Jane , Chang Eileen I. , Knaub Leslie A. , Armstrong Michael L. , Baker Peter R. , Wesolowski Stephanie R. , Reisdorph Nichole , Reusch Jane E. B. , Brown Laura D.
Published: December 2021

Skeletal muscle from the late gestation sheep fetus with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has evidence of reduced oxidative metabolism. Using a sheep model of placental insufficiency and IUGR, we tested the hypothesis that by late gestation, IUGR fetal skeletal muscle has reduced capacity for oxidative phosphorylation because of intrinsic deficits in mitochondrial respiration. We measured mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized muscle fibers from biceps femoris (BF) and soleus (SOL) from control and IUGR fetal sheep. Using muscles including BF, SOL, tibialis anterior (TA), and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), we measured citrate synthase (CS) activity, mitochondrial complex subunit abundance, fiber type distribution, and gene expression of regulators of mitochondrial biosynthesis. Ex vivo mitochondrial respiration was similar in control and IUGR muscle. However, CS activity was lower in IUGR BF and TA, indicating lower mitochondrial content, and protein expression of individual mitochondrial complex subunits was lower in IUGR TA and BF in a muscle-specific pattern. IUGR TA, BF, and FDS also had lower expression of type I oxidative fibers. Fiber-type shifts that support glycolytic instead of oxidative metabolism may be advantageous for the IUGR fetus in a hypoxic and nutrient-deficient environment, whereas these adaptions may be maladaptive in postnatal life.
An Internet of Things‐Oriented Adaptive Mutation PSO‐BPNN Algorithm to Assist the Construction of Entrepreneurship Evaluation Models for College Students
Authors: Fu Huaxiang
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the IoT‐based adaptive mutation PSO‐BPNN algorithm is used to conduct in‐depth research and analysis of the entrepreneurship evaluation model for college students and practical applications. This paper details the principle, implementation, and characteristics of each BP algorithm and PSO algorithm. When classifying college students’ entrepreneurship evaluation based on BP neural network, because BP algorithm is a local optimization‐seeking algorithm, it is easy to fall into local minima in the training phase of the network and the convergence speed is slow, which leads to the reduction of classifier recognition rate. To address the above problems, this paper proposes the algorithm of PSO optimized BP neural network (PSO‐BPNN) and establishes a classification and recognition model based on this algorithm for college students’ entrepreneurship evaluation. The predicted values obtained from the particle swarm optimization neural network model are used to calculate the gray intervals, and the modeling samples are further screened using the gray intervals and the correlation principle, while the hyperspectral particle swarm optimization neural network model of soil organic matter based on the gray intervals is established afterward; and the estimation results are compared and analyzed with those of traditional modeling methods. The results showed that the coefficient of determination of the gray interval‐based particle swarm optimization neural network model was 0.8826, and the average relative error was 3.572%, while the coefficient of determination of the particle swarm optimization neural network model was 0.853, and the average relative error was 4.34%; the average relative errors of the BP neural network model, support vector machine model, and multiple linear regression model were 8.79%, 6.717%, and 9.9%, respectively. The average relative errors of the BP neural network model, support vector machine model, and multiple linear regression model are 8.79%, 6.717%, and 9.468%, respectively. In general, the entrepreneurial ability of college students is at a good level (83.42 points), among which the entrepreneurial management ability score (84.30 points) and entrepreneurial spirit (84.16 points) are basically the same, while the entrepreneurial technology ability is relatively low (82.76 points), and the evaluation results are further verified by the double case analysis method. The current problems encountered by university students in entrepreneurship are mainly the lack of practicality, which indicates that universities, industries, and national strategy implementation levels are not sufficiently focused and collaborative in entrepreneurship development to varying degrees.
Numerical Study on the Influence of Profile Shape on the Stability of a Nonhomogeneous Slope
Authors: Yang Guoyu , Shang Tao , Han Liu , Chen Tao
Published: December 2021

To study the influence of profile shape on the stability of nonhomogeneous slopes, strip mechanical models of slopes with different profile shapes were established following the simplified Bishop method. Three hundred and seventy slope models with different profile shapes and strata sequences were simulated and analyzed with FLAC3D. The results show that slopes with weaker‐to‐stronger (WtS) strata sequences are, in most cases, more stable than slopes with stronger‐to‐weaker (StW) strata sequences when all other conditions are the same. Slopes with linear shapes are the most stable. With increasing arch height, the stability of convex slopes decreases, and the stability of concave slopes first increases slightly and then decreases. When the strata sequences are WtS, the factors of safety (FoSs) of slopes with convex and exterior polyline shapes decrease more slowly. However, when the strata sequences are StW, the FoSs of slopes with concave and interior polyline shapes decrease more slowly. The greatest X‐displacements are concentrated in the steeper areas of the slopes. For different strata sequences, the higher the rock strength at the steeper position is, the more stable the slope is, and the opposite trend is also observed. For the same strata sequence, the stability of a polyline‐shaped slope is always better than that of a curved slope with the same inflection point.
A Multiroute Signal Control Model considering Coordination Rate of Green Bandwidth
Authors: Yao Jiao , Tang Qingyun , Wang Pincheng
Published: December 2021

Oriented to characteristics of the inflow and outflow of routes in urban road network, we modified the classical fundamental green wave bandwidth model, in which separate turning green wave band is available for traffic flow from subarterials merging into an arterial, and this variable green wave band can be more flexible to service the commuting traffic. Moreover, with the analysis of the mapping characteristics of the phase coordination rate, the concept of the coordination rate of green wave bandwidth was proposed, with which as the objective function, a multiroute signal coordination control model was established, and this model is a mixed integer linear programming problem with the overall optimal coordination rate of inbound, outbound, and turning movement as the objective. Finally, a case study was given with road network in Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu Province, China. From the simulation results, we can conclude that the coordinated distribution of the model proposed in this study is more stable; the fluctuation range is 0.09, which is less than that of optimization scheme in classical signal timing software Synchro, which is 0.33; and the total route delay can also be reduced by 15% compared to the current situation and 3.3% compared to Synchro optimization solution.
Construction of the 3D Reconstruction System of Building Construction Scene Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Lu Zhou
Published: December 2021

The increasing complexity and enormity of construction projects, as well as the fact that the actual operation of construction schedule management still mainly relies on traditional manual management methods, have led to low efficiency of construction schedule management and caused many construction projects to have cost overruns and legal disputes due to schedule delays. Existing 3D reconstruction algorithms often lead to significant voids, distortions, or blurred parts in the reconstructed 3D models, while the machine learning-based 3D reconstruction algorithms are often only to reconstruct simple separated objects and represent them as 3D boxes. A novel architecture of semisupervised 3D reconstruction algorithm is proposed. The algorithm iteratively improves the quality of the original 3D reconstruction model by training a generative adversarial network model to a converged state. Only the prior observed 2D images are required as weakly supervised samples, without any dependence on prior knowledge of the 3D structure shape or reference observations. Experimental results show that this algorithmic framework has significant advantages over the current state-of-the-art 3D reconstruction methods on the standard 3D reconstruction test set.
Vessel Density and Retinal Thickness from Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography as New Indexes in Adolescent Myopia
Authors: Zhu Qin , Chen Chunwen , Yao Jingyan
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To evaluate and quantify blood perfusion and retinal thickness (RT) from the perspective of quadrants by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in adolescents with myopia and explore the relationship between axial elongation and related indexes of OCTA. Methods. A total of 88 subjects (149 eyes) with different degrees of myopia were included in this cross-sectional study. Vessel density (VD) and RT of quadrants in macular and peripheral regions were measured through OCTA. Results. The superficial VD (SVD) of the parainferior region was significantly correlated with axial length (AL) between the emmetropia (EM) group and high myopia (HI) group (

P
=
0.012

). There were significant differences in deep VD (DVD) in all quadrants, except for the foveal, perifoveal, and peri-inferior regions (

P
>
0.05

). However, there were significant alterations in the whole, parainferior, and perinasal regions (

P
=
0.030

, 0.023, and 0.035) in the low-to-moderate myopia (L–M) group compared with those in the HI group. There were significant differences in the RT in all quadrants, except for the foveal, paratemporal, and paranasal regions (

P
>
0.05

) between the EM and L–M groups and the foveal region (

P
>
0.05

) between the EM and HI groups. Nevertheless, only RT in the peri-inferior region of the L–M and HI groups showed significant differences. AL was negatively correlated with SVD in the perifoveal and parainferior regions (r = −0.179,

P
=
0.029

; r = −0.227,

P
=
0.005

) and inversely correlated with DVD and RT in almost all quadrants, except for the foveal region (r = −0.020,

P
=
0.811

; r = 0.135,

P
=
1.000

). Conclusion. DVD and RT were closely associated with the severity of myopia and might be new indexes in assessing and detecting myopia development via OCTA.
Vulnerability Analysis of Urban Rail Transit Network by Considering the Station Track Layout and Passenger Behavior
Authors: Yang Taoyuan , Zhao Peng , Qiao Ke , Yao Xiangming , Wang Tao
Published: December 2021

The vulnerability of an urban rail transit (URT) network is an index that reflects its ability to cope with risks. However, existing URT network vulnerability studies have paid less attention to station track layout and passenger choice behavior, both of which significantly affect the consequences of a disruption incident. In the present study, we first analyze an actual scenario of URT section disruption and passenger behavior during an incident. Then, we propose two section vulnerability indexes that quantitatively evaluate the effect of a URT section disruption from two aspects: detour delay and loss in passenger flow. To make the application scenario of this method more realistic, the track layout and depot location are taken into account. By considering the relationship between train routing and the sections, a concept of “dominant section” is put forward to make the calculation of the vulnerability indexes more efficient and can be used for a simultaneous multi-section-disruption scenario. Finally, a case study of the Beijing Subway network is provided. The results show that disruptions in only a few critical sections can significantly affect the URT network passenger flow. Disruption of only 3% of the sections can lead to 80% passenger-flow loss, which reflects the high vulnerability of URT networks. The method proposed in this paper can provide support for the evaluation of URT network performance.
[Retracted] A Multiperson Pose Estimation Method Using Depthwise Separable Convolutions and Feature Pyramid Network
Authors: Du Qidong
Published: December 2021

In the process of multiperson pose estimation, there are problems such as slow detection speed, low detection accuracy of key point targets, and inaccurate positioning of the boundaries of people with serious occlusion. A multiperson pose estimation method using depthwise separable convolutions and feature pyramid network is proposed. Firstly, the YOLOv3 target detection algorithm model based on the depthwise separable convolution is used to improve the running speed of the human body detector. Then, based on the improved feature pyramid network, a multiscale supervision module and a multiscale regression module are added to assist training and to solve the difficult key point detection problem of the human body. Finally, the improved soft‐argmax method is used to further eliminate redundant attitudes and improve the accuracy of attitude boundary positioning. Experimental results show that the proposed model has a score of 73.4% in AP on the 2017 COCO test‐dev dataset, and it scored 86.24% on PCKh@0.5 on the MPII dataset.
Research on Road Roughness Based on NARX Neural Network
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Cui Dawei
Published: December 2021

In order to solve the problem of road roughness identification, a study on the nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural network identification method was carried out in the paper. Firstly, a 7-DOF plane model of vehicle vibration system was established to obtain the vertical acceleration and elevation acceleration of the body, which were set as ideal input samples for the neural network. Then, based on the plane model, with common speed, the road roughness was solved as the ideal output sample of the NARX neural network, and the road roughness of B-level and C-level was identified. The results show that the proposed method has ideal identification accuracy and strong antinoise ability. The relative error of C-level road roughness is larger than that of B-level road roughness. The identified road roughness can provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the dynamic response of expressway roads.
Experimental Investigation on Atomization and Dustfall Characteristics of Combined Nozzles for Shearer External Spray in Fully Mechanized Coal Mining Face
Authors: Wang Qian , Song Ruixin , Wang Junpeng , Xu Cuicui , Zhou Gang , Wang Jiayuan
Published: December 2021

To explore the dustfall effect of combined nozzles used in a fully mechanized mining face, Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI) system was used to test 6 types of high‐efficiency atomizer under 8 MPa. A new nozzle group of nozzles 2#, 3#, and 5# is selected by atomization experiment. The atomization experiment and field application test of the preferred nozzle are performed. The experiment and field application results show that, with the spray pressure of 8 MPa, when the distance in the nozzle group is 200 mm and the angle change is 10 degrees, the atomization effect is the best. Under the optimal parameters, the average dustfall rates of the entire and respirable dust are 81.82% and 79.96%, respectively, which are 23.49% and 20.75% higher than those of the traditional shearer.
Genetic Variants Associated with Thyroid Cancer Risk: Comprehensive Research Synopsis, Meta-Analysis, and Cumulative Epidemiological Evidence
Authors: Ran Ran , Tu Gang , Li Hui , Wang Hao , Mou Exian , Liu Caiyang
Published: December 2021

Purpose. With the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer (TC), associations between genetic polymorphisms and TC risk have attracted a lot of attention. Considering that the results of associations of genetic variants with TC were usually inconsistent based on publications until now, we attempted to comprehensively evaluate the real evidence of associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and TC risk. Method. We performed meta-analyses on 36 SNPs in 23 genes associated with TC susceptibility based on the data from 99 articles and comprehensively valued the epidemiological evidence of significant associations through the Venice criteria and false-positive report probability (FPRP) test. OR and

P

value were also calculated for 19 SNPs in 13 genes based on the insufficient data from 22 articles. Results. 19 SNPs were found significantly associated with TC susceptibility. Of these, strong epidemiological evidence of associations was identified for the following seven SNPs: POU5F1B rs6983267, FOXE1 rs966423, TERT rs2736100, NKX2-1 rs944289, FOXE1 rs1867277, FOXE1 rs2439302, and RET rs1799939, in which moderate associations were found in four SNPs and weak associations were found in eight SNPs. In addition, probable significant associations with TC were found in nine SNPs. Conclusion. Our study systematically evaluated associations between SNPs and TC risk and offered reference information for further understanding of polymorphisms and TC susceptibility.
Sex- and Mutation-Specific p53 Gain-of-Function Activity in Gliomagenesis
Authors: Rockwell Nathan C. , Yang Wei , Warrington Nicole M. , Staller Max V. , Griffith Malachi , Griffith Obi L. , Gurnett Christina A. , Cohen Barak A. , Baldridge Dustin , Rubin Joshua B.
Published: December 2021

In cancer, missense mutations in the DNA-binding domain of TP53 are common. They abrogate canonical p53 activity and frequently confer gain-of-oncogenic function (GOF) through localization of transcriptionally active mutant p53 to noncanonical genes. We found that several recurring p53 mutations exhibit a sex difference in frequency in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). In vitro and in vivo analysis of three mutations, p53R172H, p53Y202C, and p53Y217C, revealed unique interactions between cellular sex and p53 GOF mutations that determined each mutation's ability to transform male versus female primary mouse astrocytes. These phenotypic differences were correlated with sex- and p53 mutation–specific patterns of genomic localization to the transcriptional start sites of upregulated genes belonging to core cancer pathways. The promoter regions of these genes exhibited a sex difference in enrichment for different transcription factor DNA-binding motifs. Together, our data establish a novel mechanism for sex-specific mutant p53 GOF activity in GBM with implications for all cancer.

Significance:

Sex differences in cancer, including glioblastoma, have been observed in both incidence and outcome. We reveal that TP53, the most commonly mutated gene in cancer, contributes to sex differences through differential GOF activity. This discovery has critical implications for our understanding of p53 mutations and the importance of sex as a biological variable.
Curcumin and Its Analogs as Potential Epigenetic Modulators: Prevention of Diabetes and Its Complications
Authors: Tang Chunyin , Liu Yantao , Liu Shilin , Yang Chunsong , Chen Li , Tang Fengru , Wang Fang , Zhan Lin , Deng Hong , Zhou Wei , Lin Yunzhu , Yuan Xiaohuan
Published: December 2021

Background: The pathobiology of diabetes and associated complications has been widely researched in various countries, but effective prevention and treatment methods are still insufficient. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins caused by an absence of insulin or insulin resistance, which mediates an increase of oxidative stress, release of inflammatory factors, and macro- or micro-circulation dysfunctions, ultimately developing into diverse complications. Summary: In the last decade through pathogenesis research, epigenetics has been found to affect metabolic diseases. Particularly, DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNAs promote or inhibit diabetes and complications by regulating the expression of related factors. Curcumin has a wide range of beneficial pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anticancer, anti-diabetes, anti-rheumatism, and increased immunity. Key Messages: In this review, we discuss the effects of curcumin and analogs on diabetes and associated complications through epigenetics, and we summarize the preclinical and clinical researches for curcumin and its analogs in terms of management of diabetes and associated complications, which may provide an insight into the development of targeted therapy of endocrine diseases.
Deleterious Effect of Crossfostering in Rat Pups on Hypoxic-Ischaemic Injury Tolerance and Hypothermic Neuroprotection
Authors: Gundersen Julia K. , Menassa David A. , Wood Thomas R. , Walløe Lars , Thoresen Marianne
Published: December 2021

We study the effect of hypothermia (HT) following hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) brain injury in postnatal day 7 (P7) rats. In 2015, new European Union animal transport regulations prompted a change in practice at the breeding facility, which henceforth crossfostered P3 litters to P8 older lactating dams prior to transportation. It is generally assumed that crossfostering does not significantly affect the experimental results. The aim of this study was to examine whether crossfostering affects our model consistency by modifying injury susceptibility and hypothermic neuroprotection. We analysed 219 pups from 11 experiments conducted between 2013 and 2015: 73 non-crossfostered and 146 crossfostered pups. At P7, all pups underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by 50 min of hypoxia (8% O2, 36°C). Immediately after this mild insult, the pups were randomized to post-insult normothermia or HT treatment. Pups were culled at P14. Injury was assessed by area loss of the ipsilateral hemisphere and histopathology scoring of the hippocampus, cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia. Crossfostered pups had double the injury compared to non-crossfostered pups irrespective of the treatment group. Hypothermic neuroprotection was statistically significant, but with a smaller and less consistent effect in crossfostered pups (relative neuroprotection 16% vs. 31% in non-crossfostered). These results demonstrate hypothermic neuroprotection following a mild HI insult. A representative subset of 41 animals was also assessed for evidence of microglial reactivity; however, no detectable difference in microglial reactivity was observed between any of the groups. In conclusion, crossfostering alters outcomes in our established model through reduced insult tolerance and variable neuroprotection. Crossfostering as a common breeding practice is a largely unexplored variable in animal research that may result in invalid research conclusions if inadequately adjusted for by larger group sizes. As a result, crossfostering is likely to be inconsistent with the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement.