bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diverse stem cells for periodontal tissue formation and regeneration
Authors: Nagata Mizuki , English Jeryl D. , Ono Noriaki , Ono Wanida
Published: August 2022

The periodontium is comprised of multiple units of mineralized and nonmineralized tissues including the cementum on the root surface, the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and the gingiva. PDL contains a variety of cell populations including mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) termed PDLSCs, which contribute to periodontal regeneration. Recent studies utilizing mouse genetic models shed light on the identities of these mesenchymal progenitors in their native environment, particularly regarding how they contribute to homeostasis and repair of the periodontium. The current concept is that mesenchymal progenitors in the PDL are localized to the perivascular niche. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analyses reveal heterogeneity and cell‐type specific markers of cells in the periodontium, as well as their developmental relationship with precursor cells in the dental follicle. The characteristics of PDLSCs and their diversity in vivo are now beginning to be unraveled thanks to insights from mouse genetic models and scRNA‐seq analyses, which aid to uncover the fundamental properties of stem cells in the human PDL. The new knowledge will be highly important for developing more effective stem cell‐based regenerative therapies to repair periodontal tissues in the future.
Ambulatory haemodynamic‐guided management reduces heart failure hospitalizations in a multicentre European heart failure cohort
Authors: Dauw Jeroen , Sokolski Mateusz , Middleton Jennifer T. , Nijst Petra , Dupont Matthias , Forouzan Omid , Rothman Alexander M.K. , Ruschitzka Frank , Flammer Andreas J. , Mullens Wilfried
Published: August 2022

Aims

To investigate the outcomes and associated costs of haemodynamic‐guided heart failure (HF) management with a pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) sensor in a multicentre European cohort.

Methods and results

Data from all consecutive patients receiving a PAP sensor in Ziekenhuis Oost‐Limburg, University Hospital Zurich and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust before January 2021 were collected. Medication changes, total number of HF hospitalizations and HF related health care costs (composed of HF hospitalizations, outpatient cardiology visits and monitoring costs) were compared between the pre‐implantation and post‐implantation period at 3, 6, and 12 months. PAP evolution post‐implantation were grouped according to baseline mPAP ≥25 mmHg versus <25 mmHg and changes from baseline were analyzed via an area under the curve (AUC) analysis. A total of 48 patients received a PAP sensor (29 CardioMEMS and 19 Cordella devices) with a median follow‐up of 19 (13–30) months. Mean age was 71 ± 10 years, 25.0% were female, 68.8% had a left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%, median NT‐proBNP was 1801 (827–4503) pg/mL, and 89.6% were in NYHA class III. The number of diuretic therapy changes were non‐significantly increased after 3 months (49 vs. 82; P = 0.284) and 6 months (82 vs. 127; P = 0.093) with a significant increase noted after 12 months (118 vs. 195; P = 0.005). The mPAP AUC decreased by −1418 mmHg‐days for patients with a baseline mean PAP ≥ 25 mmHg. The number of HF hospitalizations was reduced for all patients after 6 (34 vs. 17; P = 0.014) and 12 months (48 vs. 29; P = 0.032). HF related health care costs were reduced from € 6286 to € 3761 at 6 months (P = 0.012) and from € 8960 to € 6167 at 12 months (P = 0.032).

Conclusion

Haemodynamic‐guided HF management reduces HF hospitalizations and HF related health care costs in selected HF patients amongst different European health care systems.
A New Family of Tropylium Ions: Tropone–Triarylborane Complexes
Authors: Kinoshita Ryo , Tomura Fumiya , Fujita Takeshi , Ichikawa Junji
Published: August 2022

Air‐ and thermally stable tropone–triarylborane 1 : 1 complexes were synthesized in excellent yields by treating tropones, including benzo‐fused derivatives, with an equimolar amount of B(C6F5)3. NMR and X‐ray analyses and DFT calculations including nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS) and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) studies revealed that the tropone–triarylborane complexes have betaine structures consisting of tropylium and borate moieties and that their aromaticity depends on the number of fused benzene rings.
Catechol‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as Support for Pd Nanoparticles: a Recyclable System for the Heck Reaction
Authors: Mercadante Alessandro , Campisciano Vincenzo , Morena Anthony , Valentino Laura , La Parola Valeria , Aprile Carmela , Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Giacalone Francesco
Published: August 2022

Carbon nanotubes have been covalently functionalized with catechol moieties through the formation of the corresponding aryl radicals obtained by reacting 4‐aminocatechol with isoamyl nitrite. The functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been in turn used to immobilize Pd(II) ions on its surface forming catechol‐Pd complexes, which were reduced to Pd nanoparticles (NPs). The so‐obtained hybrid material has been characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TGA‐DSC), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This latter technique allowed to estimate the nanoparticle size (5.7±2.8 nm) whereas a palladium loading of 20.3 wt % has been found by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES). The carbon nanotube‐catechol‐Pd hybrid was used as catalyst in two C−C coupling reactions, namely Suzuki and Heck reactions, resulting recyclable for at least 9 times in the latter process. During the reuse Pd nanoparticles increase their dimension to 19.3±11.7 nm.
Iron‐Based Imidazolium Salt as Dual Lewis Acid and Redox Catalyst for the Aerobic Synthesis of Quinazolines
Authors: Martos Mario , Pastor Isidro M.
Published: August 2022

A low transition temperature mixture formed with 1‐butyl‐3‐(methoxycarbonylmethyl)imidazolium chloride and iron(III) chloride has proven to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of quinazolines following a sequence of condensation‐cyclization‐oxidation reactions. The protocol is simple and effective for coupling 2‐acylanilines and benzylamines to form nitrogen containing heterocycles with moderate to excellent yields (up to 93 %), being possible to perform the reaction in preparative scale. The functionalized imidazolium salt is crucial for the activation of the reagents under solvent‐free conditions, and the presence of iron in the catalyst mediates the oxidation step with atmospheric oxygen. These features make the presented procedure better, from an environmental point of view, than other processes previously described. For this comparison, different “green” metrics have been used, such as atom economy, stoichiometric factor, reaction mass efficiency, E‐factor, and EcoScale.
D‐Limonene for regulating metabolism‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and analysis of the TCM constitution: A protocol for an exploratory, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (DL‐MAFLD‐TCM)
Authors: Lv Wenwen , Tan Xiyang , Chen Xiaochen , Hu Tingting , Jiang Jiayuan , Li Qiang , Chen Xiao‐yun , Tan Hongsheng , Qian Biyun
Published: August 2022

The protocol describes the first study evaluating the treatment of metabolism‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MAFLD, formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, was renamed by an internationally renowned liver disease expert group in 2020. MAFLD contains three types: overweight/obesity (A type), type 2 diabetes mellitus (B type), or evidence of metabolic dysregulation (C type). There is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. We found that D‐limonene, a food additive in China, has potential activity on the A type of MAFLD through animal studies. Then, we designed an exploratory, single‐center, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial for the evaluation of limonene capsules (marketed product in China) on regulating A type of MAFLD and analysis of the TCM constitution (DLMAFLD‐TCM). A total of 60 patients with A type of MAFLD will be randomly assigned to a treatment arm with (n = 30) or without (n = 30) Food Frontiers for Review Only limonene (placebo) for 12 weeks. The primary end point will be assessed at two end points combined for A type: changes in the controlled attenuation parameter and body mass index at baseline and 12 weeks after administration. The study procedures and informed consent form were approved by the hospital. We detail the protocol and the statistical analysis plan of the trial prior to study completion, which is for further study. This trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000035888).
Interrelating differences in structural and functional connectivity in the older adult's brain
Authors: Stumme Johanna , Krämer Camilla , Miller Tatiana , Schreiber Jan , Caspers Svenja , Jockwitz Christiane
Published: August 2022

In the normal aging process, the functional connectome restructures and shows a shift from more segregated to more integrated brain networks, which manifests itself in highly different cognitive performances in older adults. Underpinnings of this reorganization are not fully understood, but may be related to age‐related differences in structural connectivity, the underlying scaffold for information exchange between regions. The structure–function relationship might be a promising factor to understand the neurobiological sources of interindividual cognitive variability, but remain unclear in older adults. Here, we used diffusion weighted and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as cognitive performance data of 573 older subjects from the 1000BRAINS cohort (55–85 years, 287 males) and performed a partial least square regression on 400 regional functional and structural connectivity (FC and SC, respectively) estimates comprising seven resting‐state networks. Our aim was to identify FC and SC patterns that are, together with cognitive performance, characteristic of the older adults aging process. Results revealed three different aging profiles prevalent in older adults. FC was found to behave differently depending on the severity of age‐related SC deteriorations. A functionally highly interconnected system is associated with a structural connectome that shows only minor age‐related decreases. Because this connectivity profile was associated with the most severe age‐related cognitive decline, a more interconnected FC system in older adults points to a process of dedifferentiation. Thus, functional network integration appears to increase primarily when SC begins to decline, but this does not appear to mitigate the decline in cognitive performance.
Association between body composition and survival in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Zhuang Bing , Xiao Shaowen , Zhang Lichuan , Wang Yujie , Zhang Tong , Jin Shuai , Jin Sanli , Huang Zhou , Zhao Dan , Gong Liqing , Liu Weixin , Xu Xiaolong , Zheng Baomin , Sun Yan , Lu Qian
Published: August 2022

Background

Body composition may influence the prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. To find out the most crucial factors in this relationship, we explored the association between body composition and survival.

Methods

In this prospective longitudinal study, HNC patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT) from March 2017 to December 2018 were recruited. The association between body composition and survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results

Final analysis included 316 patients, with a median follow‐up of 34.4 months. Multivariable analysis revealed that weight loss 6 months before RT and body composition changes during RT did not affect the survival outcome. However, patients with low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) before RT exhibited poor overall survival (OS). ASMI before RT was an independent prognostic factor for OS.

Conclusions

Body composition loss was common during RT, and ASMI before RT independently influenced the survival outcomes of HNC patients.
The management of metastatic neck nodes following induction chemotherapy in N2/3 classification hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Feiran , Hsueh Chiyao , Gong Hongli , Zhu Yi , Tao Lei , Zhou Liang , Wang Shengzi , Zhang Ming
Published: August 2022

Background

For patients with less chemosensitive neck nodes, poor prognosis after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) could be predicted and neck dissection is needed.

Methods

Ninety‐two N2/3 hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients were retrospectively studied. According to response after induction chemotherapy (ICT), patients were treated with neck dissection followed by concurrent CRT (CCRT) (group 1), surgery plus postoperative CRT (group 2), or CCRT for primary and regional sites (group 3).

Results

Overall survival and disease‐free survival rates of group 1 were significantly higher than group 2 (p = 0.038, p = 0.031) and group 3 (both p = 0.018). Regional control rate of group 1 was significantly higher than group 3 (p = 0.041). There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 regarding local and regional control (p = 0.746, p = 0.302).

Conclusions

Neck dissection followed by CCRT is the best choice for patients with responsive primary but nonresponsive nodes.
Induction chemotherapy of modified docetaxel, cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil for laryngeal preservation in locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Ruichen , Ye Lulu , Zhu Yi , Ding Hao , Wang Shengzi , Ying Hongmei , Wu Chunping , Zhou Liang , Wang Xiaoshen , Tian Shu
Published: August 2022

Background

Previous studies have investigated the value of induction chemotherapy (IC) in organ preservation strategies for head and neck cancers. This study evaluated the effectiveness of sequential IC with radiotherapy as a laryngeal preservation strategy for locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma (LAHSCC).

Methods

One hundred and forty‐two consecutive patients with LAHSCC were retrospectively analyzed who received three IC regimens from 2015 to 2019.

Results

In the TP (docetaxel plus cisplatin), TPF (TP plus 5‐fluorouracil), and TPX (TP plus capecitabine) IC groups, there were 51, 29, and 62 patients, respectively. The primary tumor objective response rates were 51%, 55.2%, and 71%, and the 3‐year survival rates with preserved larynx were 36.6%, 31.8%, and 51.2%, respectively (p = 0.03). There was no difference in overall survival and the adverse events were tolerable.

Conclusions

The TPX regimen displayed good efficacy and safety, indicating its potential as a therapeutic IC regimen for LAHSCC.
Patient requests for radiological services: An Australian study of patient agency and the impact of online health information
Authors: De Silva Lizzie , Baysari Melissa , Keep Melanie , Kench Peter , Clarke Jillian
Published: July 2022

Issue Addressed

The Internet has been instrumental in patients' knowledge about health and medicine through increasing consultation of online sources that advocate self‐management. For example, those patients who request referrals from their doctors for tests and procedures in radiology. Such patient‐initiated referral requests can devolutionise the traditional model of health care. This study aimed to understand individuals who sought online health information (OHI) and whether requests for radiological referrals were the result of OHI seeking.

Methods

The individuals targeted were those who have had a radiological procedure in the past 5 years.

Using an online survey tool, individuals completed a 20‐min anonymous survey. Included in the survey was a validated digital health literacy measurement scale, eHEALS.

Results

Those who scored higher on the eHEALS measure were likely to be under 55 years of age and were more inclined to request radiological referrals. Though they were not concerned with the credibility of sourced websites, most secured the desired outcome from their requests.

Conclusion

Overall, this study indicates that patients are consulting online sites for health information, and individuals with higher digital literacy scores are asking doctors for referrals for radiological tests and procedures. These findings confirm our anecdotal experience in radiology departments. So what?: In conducting this study, we hope to better inform radiology and other health practitioners of the way OHI is impacting clinical practice.
On shaky grounds: Peer victimization predicts friendship instability across the ninth grade school year
Authors: Ehrhardt Alexandra D. , Hoffman Adam J. , Schacter Hannah L.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Although prior research has considered how friendship quality or quantity influence peer victimization risk and vice versa, considerably less is known about how friendship instability (i.e., high levels of friend turnover) and peer victimization may be related to each other across time.

Methods

Survey data were collected from 9th grade students (N = 388; Mage = 14.05; 60.60% female; 35.8% male; 1.8% non‐binary; 1.9% trans/unsure/something else) across 3‐month intervals spanning one school year. Using cross‐lagged panel modeling, this study investigated cross‐lagged longitudinal associations between friendship instability and peer victimization utilizing three waves of data collected across one academic year.

Results

Adolescents experiencing greater peer victimization at the beginning of the school year were more likely to experience friendship instability by the end of the school year. However, friendship instability at the beginning of the school year was unrelated to subsequent peer victimization.

Conclusion

Peer victimized adolescents are less likely than their nonvictimized peers to maintain stable friendships over time. Findings suggest that adolescents who are victimized by peers after transitioning to high school may have difficulty maintaining friendships.
Biological evaluation and in silico study of benzohydrazide derivatives as paraoxonase 1 inhibitors
Authors: Korkmaz Işıl Nihan , Türkeş Cüneyt , Demir Yeliz , Öztekin Aykut , Özdemir Hasan , Beydemir Şükrü
Published: August 2022

Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is found in all mammalian species and is a calcium‐dependent hydrolytic enzyme. PON1 hydrolyze several substrates, including carbonates, esters, and organophosphates. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the presynthesized benzohydrazide derivatives (1–9) on PON1 activity. Benzohydrazide compounds moderate inhibited PON1 with the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 76.04 ± 13.51 to 221.70 ± 13.59 μM and KI values ranging from 38.75 ± 12.21 to 543.50 ± 69.76 μM. Compound 4 (2‐amino‐4‐chlorobenzohydrazide) showed the best inhibition (KI = 38.75 ± 12.21 μM). Molecular docking and ADME‐Tox studies of benzohydrazide derivatives were also carried out. In this context, we hope that the results obtained in this study contribute to the determination of the side effects of current and new benzohydrazide‐based pharmacological compounds to be developed.
The diagnostic model for early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Chong Huimin , Li Jinmi , Chen Caigui , Wang Wan , Liao Dan , Zhang Kejun
Published: August 2022

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational diabetic nephropathy (GDN) have become an increasingly serious problem worldwide, which can cause a large number of adverse pregnancy consequences for mothers and infants. However, the diagnosis of GDM and GDN remains a challenge due to the lack of optimal biomarkers, and the examination has high requirements for patient compliance. We aimed to establish a simple early diagnostic model for GDM and GDN.

Methods

We recruited 50 healthy pregnant (HP), 99 GDM patients, 99 GDN patients at Daping Hospital. Renal function indicators and blood cell indicators were collected for all patients.

Results

Compared with HP, GDM, and GDN patients exhibited significantly higher urea/creatinine ratio and NEU. The diagnostic model1 based on the combination of urea/creatinine ratio and NEU was built using logistic regression. Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of the diagnostic model was 0.77 (0.7, 0.84) in distinguishing GDM from HP, and the AUC of the diagnostic model was 0.94 (0.9, 0.97) in distinguishing GDN from HP. Meanwhile, the diagnostic model2 based on the combination of β2‐mG, PLT, and NEU in GDM and GDN patients was built using logistic regression, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC ROC) was 0.79 (0.73, 0.85), which was larger than the individual biomarker AUC.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that the diagnostic model established by the combination of renal function indicators and blood cell indicators could facilitate the differential diagnosis of GDM and GDN patients.
The forelimbs of Alvarezsauroidea (Dinosauria: Theropoda): Insight from evolutionary teratology
Authors: Guinard Geoffrey
Published: August 2022

Alvarezsauroidea (Tetanurae) are nonavian theropod dinosaurs whose forelimb evolution is characterised by the overdevelopment of digit I, at the expense of the other two digits, complemented by a drastic forelimb shortening in derived species (Parvicursorinae). These variations are recognised as evolutionary developmental anomalies. Evolutionary teratology hence leads to a double diagnosis with (1) macrodactyly of digit I and microdactyly of digits II and III, plus (2) anterior micromelia. The teratological macrodactyly/microdactyly coupling evolved first. Developmental mechanisms disturbing limb proportion are thought to be convergent with those of other Tetanurae (Tyrannosauridae, Carcharodontosauridae). As for the manual anomalies, both are specific to Alvarezsauroidea (macrodactyly/microdactyly) and inherited (digit loss/reduction). While considering the frame‐shift theory, posterior digits develop before the most anterior ones. There would therefore be a decrease in the area devoted to digits II (condensation 3) and III (condensation 4), in connection with the Shh signalling pathway, interacting with other molecular players such as the GLI3 protein and the Hox system. Developmental independence of digit I (condensation 2) would contribute to generating a particular morphology. Macrodactyly would be linked to a variation in Hoxd‐13, impacting Gli3 activity, and increasing cell proliferation. The loss/reduction of digital ray/phalanges (digits II and III), would be associated with Shh activity, a mechanism inherited from the theropodan ancestry. The macrodactyly/microdactyly coupling, and then anterior micromelia, fundamentally changed the forelimb mechanical function, compared to the ‘classical’ grasping structure of basal representatives and other theropods. The distal ossification of the macrodactylian digit has been identified as physiological, implying the use of the structure. However, the debate on a particular ‘adaptive’ use is pointless as the ecology of an organism is interactively complex, being both at the scale of the individual and dependent on circumstances. Other anatomical features also allow for compensation and different predation (cursorial hindlimbs).
Branching patterns of the vascularization and innervation of the primate forelimb
Authors: Vanhoof Marie J. M. , Wagemans Colette , van Leeuwen Timo , Vereecke Evie E.
Published: August 2022

In this study, we investigate the branching patterns of the vascularization and innervation of the primate forelimb by performing detailed dissections of five unembalmed nonhuman primate specimens belonging to five different species, that is, rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), white‐handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), and bonobo (Pan paniscus). Results are compared with five embalmed human specimens (Homo sapiens), and anatomical data of previous studies on nonhuman primates are also included to provide a broader comparative framework. The results show that the overall configuration of the forelimb blood vessels and nerves of the different primate species is similar, although some apparent interspecific differences are found. In all nonhuman primates, in contrast to humans, the superficial vena basilica is absent. Moreover, in gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo, the superficial vena cephalica is confined to the forearm. In humans, both an arteria interossea anterior and posterior are present, while in nonhuman primates, only an arteria interossea anterior is present, which migrates to the posterior side at the level of the musculus pronator quadratus. For the innervation, the nervus (n.) medianus and n. ulnaris connect in the forearm of the gorilla and macaque. In the gibbon, the brachial plexus shows some differences in the branching pattern at the fasciculus level compared to the other primates. We conclude that the forelimb innervation branching pattern shows some minor differences between the nonhuman primate species, compared to higher plasticity in the vascularization. However, the exact functional implications of these differences still remain unclear. Therefore, more research on a broader range of primate species and sampling more specimens for each taxon are needed.
SCAR marker: A potential tool for authentication of agriculturally important microorganisms
Authors: Ambreetha Sakthivel , Balachandar Dananjeyan
Published: August 2022

Microbial inoculants are globally recommended for plant growth promotion and control of plant pathogens. These inoculants require stringent quality checks for sustainable field efficacy. Questionable regulatory frameworks constantly deteriorate the reliability of bio‐inoculant technology. Existing global regulations do not involve any rapid molecular technique for the routine inspection of microbial preparations. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker offers rapid and precise strain‐level authentication of target microbes. Such advanced molecular techniques must be exploited to accurately validate the microbial formulations. Besides, the global dissemination of plant pathogenic microbes has always been an alarming threat to food security. SCAR markers could be used at the plant quarantine centers to rapidly detect catastrophic pathogens, thereby circumventing the import and export of contagious plant materials. The current review is focused on promoting the SCAR marker technology to validate commercial bio‐inoculants and predict plant pandemics.
Climatic characteristics of Tibetan Plateau vortex precipitation based on observations
Authors: Li Lun , Zhang Renhe , Jia Li
Published: July 2022

Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs) are important rainfall producers generated over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which can move off the TP under certain conditions. The TPVs greatly affect both local and downstream rainfall, but the characteristics of TPV precipitation are not yet fully understood. Accordingly, the climatic characteristics of TPV precipitation during May–August of 1998–2018 are explored in this work from multiple aspects, based on observational TPV and precipitation data sets. Generally, maximums of precipitation amount are observed over the eastern TP and in Sichuan Basin, and the TPVs contribute more than 40% of the precipitation in certain areas within the TP. For the TPVs located over the TP, the precipitation is distributed zonally with a relatively small intensity; for the TPVs beyond the TP, the associated precipitation is distributed in the southwest–northeast direction with a larger intensity. TPVs tend to be responsible for intense rainfall, that is, heavy and torrential rainfalls, and are suggested to be the major intense rainfall producers at certain stations over and downstream from the TP. Meanwhile, TPV precipitation exhibit distinctive features in separate month, for example, TPV precipitation account for the largest percentage of the total precipitation in June and the smallest in August; more than half, even 75% of the torrential rain days downstream from the TP in Sichuan Basin and the regions around 35°N in central and eastern China in May, and in the regions over the TP and its eastern flank in June, July and August are attributed to TPVs.
Feasibility of antimicrobial stewardship ward rounds on surgical wards led by a junior pharmacist
Authors: Jeffrey Emma , Duffy Eamon
Published: August 2022

Background

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is essential to preserve the efficacy of antimicrobials by slowing the development of resistance. AMS ward rounds are a well‐described methodology for optimising and ensuring judicious use of antimicrobials. Pharmacists are valuable members of AMS teams because they possess skills and knowledge that can be used to optimise antimicrobial prescribing. Pharmacists often practice in AMS roles without formal training in this area.

Aim

To identify a method which yields the highest number of patients for review, to assess the types of recommendations commonly made, and to assess the rate of uptake of these recommendations, as made by a junior pharmacist.

Method

The investigation was carried out at Auckland City Hospital in Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand, over nine weeks between December 2020 and February 2021. Three different methods were utilised for patient identification: automated dispensing reports, pharmacist referral, and random medical record review.

Results

Approximately 20 hours were spent and 293 patient records reviewed. Of these, 103 patients had a prescribed antimicrobial which met the criteria for review, 52 recommendations were made, and 35 (67%) of these were actioned by the primary medical team. The medical record review yielded the highest number of patients for review, followed by automated reports, then pharmacist referral. Of the 52 recommendations, the most commonly made recommendation was to stop unnecessary antimicrobials (n = 26), followed by optimising the dosing regimen (n = 9), and intravenous‐to‐oral switch (n = 7).

Conclusions

The medical record review identified the highest number of patients for review. The high uptake of recommendations suggests that pharmacists do not need extensive training in AMS to achieve successful outcomes.
Advances in DNA Supramolecular Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Chen Chun , Zhou Jiaying , Chen Jie , Liu Huajie
Published: August 2022

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biological macromolecule that plays a genetic role in cells. DNA molecules with specific recognition, self‐assembly capabilities, and sequence programmability have become an excellent construction material for micro‐ and nanostructures. Based on DNA self‐assembly technology, a series of molecular devices and materials are constructed. Among them, DNA hydrogels with the advantages of good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and containing designable stimuli‐responsive units have attracted much attention. This review introduces the formation strategy of DNA supramolecular hydrogels, and focuses on its applications in tissue engineering, including cell encapsulation, cell culture, cell capture and release, wound dressings, and tissue growth. The unique properties and application prospects of DNA supramolecular hydrogels in tissue engineering are also discussed.
Solid State Orientation of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates
Authors: Innes James R. , Shriky Bana , Spencer Paul , Allan Steve , Thompson Glen , Wang Xiaolei , Coates Phil , Whiteside Ben , Benkreira Hadj , Caton‐Rose Phil , Lu Canhui , Wang Qi , Kelly Adrian
Published: July 2022

Die drawing has been used to produce polymeric products with superior mechanical properties by orientation of polymer chains. Although this process has been studied for a variety of thermoplastics and composites, there are no current publications exploring its efficacy to enhance thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). TPVs combine the elasticity and high elongation at break of thermosets while maintaining the processability of a thermoplastic. For the first time, TPVs are die drawn and the effect upon their mechanical and thermal properties is investigated. TPVs based upon ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) as well as ground tyre rubber (GTR) and PP are prepared by dynamic vulcanization using a twin‐screw extruder. In all cases, die drawing leads to an increase in tensile strength and modulus of the material along the drawing direction, often at the cost of elongation at break. At a draw ratio of 2, EPDM/PP TPVs exceed the strength and modulus of neat polypropylene whilst maintaining an elongation at break in excess of 200%. For EPDM/PP, tensile strength increases from ≈21 MPa to over 90 MPa using a draw ratio of 4, whilst for GTR/PP this increases from ≈15 to ≈57 MPa.
Long‐term patency of multiple lymphatic‐venous anastomoses in cancer‐related lymphedema: A single center observational study
Authors: Boccardo Francesco , Santori Gregorio , Villa Giuseppe , Accogli Susanna , Dessalvi Sara
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Lymphedema is always initially treated by combined decongestive physiotherapy (CDP). Those cases, refractory to CDP, may be managed by surgical therapy. One of the most used microsurgical procedures is represented by the technique of lymphatic‐venous anastomosis (LVA). But very few papers report long term results of LVA. The aim of this study is to assess the long‐term patency of multiple lymphatic‐venous anastomosis (MLVA) for the treatment of secondary lymphedemas.

Methods

From January 2014 to December 2014, 101 patients (mean age: 56.94 ± 8.98 years; female/male: 86/15) affected by secondary cancer‐related lymphedema (38 lower and 63 upper limbs) were treated by MLVA. All lymphedemas had previously been treated by conservative therapy without sustained results. Many patients (78%) had 1–3 episodes of acute lymphangitis/year. Lymphoscintigraphy, venous duplex‐ultrasonography, and abdominal or axillary ultrasound investigation were performed preoperatively. MLVA patency was assessed by the lymphatic transport index (LyTI) and lymphoscintigraphic pattern.

Results

At 1 year after surgery, excess volume reduction was 75%–90% in the early stage II secondary lymphedemas, and 60%–75% in the late stage II. The decrease in volume maintained stability in the 5‐years follow‐up period. Two more advanced lower and one upper limb lymphedemas had 45%–60% reduction. LyTI showed a significant decrease between the preoperative mean value (31.7 ± 9.43) and after 18 months from surgery (11.2 ± 1.91) (p < .001). MLVA patency was shown in 98 (97%) patients. No patients had evidence of postoperative lymphangitis.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the long‐term patency of MLVA in the treatment of cancer‐related lymphedemas.
Unilateral immediate deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap breast reconstruction following skin sparing mastectomy: A comparative study on revision surgeries to improve breast symmetry
Authors: Atzeni Matteo , Salzillo Rosa , Haywood Richard M. , Persichetti Paolo , Ribuffo Diego , Figus Andrea
Published: August 2022

Background

The number of revision surgeries to improve breast asymmetry after deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction is still high worldwide with impact on both patients and healthcare systems. These procedures include fat grafting, contralateral breast symmetrization, scar revision, flap repositioning and remodeling. A previously published DIEP flap insetting algorithm has proven to be effective in selecting patient‐tailored strategies to achieve excellent aesthetic outcomes. This study investigated whether this insetting algorithm was effective in reducing revision surgeries in patients undergoing SSM and immediate DIEP flap breast reconstruction to achieve the goal of a one‐stage reconstruction.

Methods

This retrospective case–control study included 60 patients (group A) treated without the DIEP flap standardized insetting algorithm and 60 patients (group B) treated with the standardized insetting algorithm, which considers among its variables the type of breast to be reconstructed, abdominal tissue thickness, rotation due to harvesting side. Demographic data, operative data, complications and number of revision surgeries were recorded.

Results

One hundred and twenty primary and 106 revision surgeries were performed. Groups were homogenous for age (p = .32), body mass index (p = .77), flap weight (p = .7), operative time (p = .87) and early complications (p = .78). When excluding isolated nipple reconstruction from the revision surgeries, one‐stage reconstruction was successfully performed in 26 patients in group A (43.3%) and 39 patients (65.0%) in group B, with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = .003).

Conclusions

The introduction of a standardized insetting algorithm for immediate unilateral DIEP flap breast reconstruction can be effective in reducing the number of revision surgeries for breast asymmetry, making a one‐stage reconstruction an achievable and reliable target.
Fully automated background phase correction using M‐estimate SAmple consensus (MSAC)—Application to 2D and 4D flow
Authors: Fischer Carola , Wetzl Jens , Schaeffter Tobias , Giese Daniel
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Flow quantification by phase‐contrast MRI is hampered by spatially varying background phase offsets. Correction performance by polynomial regression on stationary tissue may be affected by outliers such as wrap‐around or constant flow. Therefore, we propose an alternative, M‐estimate SAmple Consensus (MSAC) to reject outliers, and improve and fully automate background phase correction.

Methods

The MSAC technique fits polynomials to randomly drawn small samples from the image. Over several trials, it aims to find the best consensus set of valid pixels by rejecting outliers to the fit and minimizing the residuals of the remaining pixels. The robustness of MSAC to its few parameters was investigated and verified using third‐order polynomial correction fits on a total of 118 2D flow (97 with wrap‐around) and 18 4D flow data sets (14 with wrap‐around), acquired at 1.5 T and 3 T. Background phase was compared with standard stationary correction and phantom correction. Pulmonary/systemic flow ratios in 2D flow were derived, and exemplary 4D flow analysis was performed.

Results

The MSAC technique is robust over a range of parameter choices, and a unique set of parameters is suitable for both 2D and 4D flow. In 2D flow, phase errors were significantly reduced by MSAC compared with stationary correction (p = 0.005), and stationary correction shows larger errors in pulmonary/systemic flow ratios compared with MSAC. In 4D flow, MSAC shows similar performance as stationary correction.

Conclusions

The MSAC method provides fully automated background phase correction to 2D and 4D flow data and shows improved robustness over stationary correction, especially with outliers present.
Characterization and correction of diffusion gradient‐induced eddy currents in second‐order motion‐compensated echo‐planar and spiral cardiac DTI
Authors: van Gorkum Robbert J. H. , Guenthner Christian , Koethe Andreas , Stoeck Christian T. , Kozerke Sebastian
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Very high gradient amplitudes played out over extended time intervals as required for second‐order motion‐compensated cardiac DTI may violate the assumption of a linear time‐invariant gradient system model. The aim of this work was to characterize diffusion gradient‐related system nonlinearity and propose a correction approach for echo‐planar and spiral spin‐echo motion‐compensated cardiac DTI.

Methods

Diffusion gradient‐induced eddy currents of 9 diffusion directions were characterized at b values of 150 s/mm2 and 450 s/mm2 for a 1.5 Tesla system and used to correct phantom, ex vivo, and in vivo motion‐compensated cardiac DTI data acquired with echo‐planar and spiral trajectories. Predicted trajectories were calculated using gradient impulse response function and diffusion gradient strength‐ and direction‐dependent zeroth‐ and first‐order eddy current responses. A reconstruction method was implemented using the predicted ‐space trajectories to additionally include off‐resonances and concomitant fields. Resulting images were compared to a reference reconstruction omitting diffusion gradient‐induced eddy current correction.

Results

Diffusion gradient‐induced eddy currents exhibited nonlinear effects when scaling up the gradient amplitude and could not be described by a 3D basis alone. This indicates that a gradient impulse response function does not suffice to describe diffusion gradient‐induced eddy currents. Zeroth‐ and first‐order diffusion gradient‐induced eddy current effects of up to −1.7 rad and −16 to +12 rad/m, respectively, were identified. Zeroth‐ and first‐order diffusion gradient‐induced eddy current correction yielded improved image quality upon image reconstruction.

Conclusion

The proposed approach offers correction of diffusion gradient‐induced zeroth‐ and first‐order eddy currents, reducing image distortions to promote improvements of second‐order motion‐compensated spin‐echo cardiac DTI.
Deep learning–guided weighted averaging for signal dropout compensation in DWI of the liver
Authors: Gadjimuradov Fasil , Benkert Thomas , Nickel Marcel Dominik , Führes Tobit , Saake Marc , Maier Andreas
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To develop an algorithm for the retrospective correction of signal dropout artifacts in abdominal DWI resulting from cardiac motion.

Methods

Given a set of image repetitions for a slice, a locally adaptive weighted averaging is proposed that aims to suppress the contribution of image regions affected by signal dropouts. Corresponding weight maps were estimated by a sliding‐window algorithm, which analyzed signal deviations from a patch‐wise reference. In order to ensure the computation of a robust reference, repetitions were filtered by a classifier that was trained to detect images corrupted by signal dropouts. The proposed method, named Deep Learning–guided Adaptive Weighted Averaging (DLAWA), was evaluated in terms of dropout suppression capability, bias reduction in the ADC, and noise characteristics.

Results

In the case of uniform averaging, motion‐related dropouts caused signal attenuation and ADC overestimation in parts of the liver, with the left lobe being affected particularly. Both effects could be substantially mitigated by DLAWA while preventing global penalties with respect to SNR due to local signal suppression. Performing evaluations on patient data, the capability to recover lesions concealed by signal dropouts was demonstrated as well. Further, DLAWA allowed for transparent control of the trade‐off between SNR and signal dropout suppression by means of a few hyperparameters.

Conclusion

This work presents an effective and flexible method for the local compensation of signal dropouts resulting from motion and pulsation. Because DLAWA follows a retrospective approach, no changes to the acquisition are required.
Scoping review of neurogenic bladder patient‐reported readiness and experience following care in a transitional urology clinic
Authors: Chua Michael E. , Tse Lai Nam , Silangcruz Jan Michael , Kim Jin Kyu , Dos Santos Joana , Varghese Abby , Brownrigg Natasha , Rickard Mandy , Ming Jessica M. , Lorenzo Armando J. , Bagli Darius J.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To generate a scoping review that summarizes thematically on all reported patient perceptions on readiness and experiences during transitional urologic care for patients with neurogenic bladder and or congenital genitourinary conditions that require continuity of care into adulthood.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in October 2021. Records were screened and identified for studies relevant to reported readiness and experience in urologic transitional care among patients needing life‐long urologic care. The methodological quality of the cross‐sectional studies was assessed using AXIS. The included studies were clustered according to patient readiness in transition and patient experience—satisfaction in the urologic transition process. This scoping review was part of a systematic review registered on PROSPERO CRD42022306229 and was conducted in compliance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.

Results

A total of 12 articles were included that assessed patients with neurogenic bladder that reported either readiness or patient experience following the transitional care process. The patient readiness was assessed in six studies, determined using the TRAQ score with a range of 3–4/5. Older age, high health literacy, and parental or families' transition process awareness were associated with readiness. Generally, patients experience better satisfaction with pediatric care than with adult care facilities. Most patients felt that sexuality and fertility were not adequately tackled during the transition. The reported barriers to successful transition were patient, provider, and system factors, including lack of insurance coverage/financial management, patient preference, long‐term bond with the pediatric providers, and communication by the adult provider. Based on AXIS, all of the studies identified for this scoping review did not determine the sample size, and most of the studies did not categorize the responders, which could introduce bias to the interpretation of their results.

Conclusion

This scoping review summarizes the readiness and experience of neurogenic bladder patients who underwent the urologic transitional process. Overall, understanding the patient, provider, and system factors associated with better readiness and enhancing the patient experience will ensure a better transition process.
Complex exponential smoothing
Authors: Svetunkov Ivan , Kourentzes Nikolaos , Ord John Keith
Published: August 2022

Exponential smoothing has been one of the most popular forecasting methods used to support various decisions in organizations, in activities such as inventory management, scheduling, revenue management, and other areas. Although its relative simplicity and transparency have made it very attractive for research and practice, identifying the underlying trend remains challenging with significant impact on the resulting accuracy. This has resulted in the development of various modifications of trend models, introducing a model selection problem. With the aim of addressing this problem, we propose the complex exponential smoothing (CES), based on the theory of functions of complex variables. The basic CES approach involves only two parameters and does not require a model selection procedure. Despite these simplifications, CES proves to be competitive with, or even superior to existing methods. We show that CES has several advantages over conventional exponential smoothing models: it can model and forecast both stationary and non‐stationary processes, and CES can capture both level and trend cases, as defined in the conventional exponential smoothing classification. CES is evaluated on several forecasting competition datasets, demonstrating better performance than established benchmarks. We conclude that CES has desirable features for time series modeling and opens new promising avenues for research.