bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of Esophageal Motility Disorders Beyond Achalasia
Authors: Jain Mayank
Published: December 2023

High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders. Achalasia cardia has been the most extensively studied esophageal motility disorder. However, nonachalasia esophageal motility disorders are common too. The present review highlights the diagnosis and management strategies for these disorders. HREM needs to be complemented with clinical symptoms and timed barium esophagogram/functional lumen imaging probe to properly diagnose spastic and hypomotility disorders. Use of Indian normative values is essential to identify patients with these motility disorders accurately. Adjunctive tests such as multiple rapid swallows and rapid drink challenge increase the diagnostic accuracy of HREM studies. HREM is mainly useful in reflux patients with refractory symptoms and for preoperative assessment. Its role in postsurgical cases is evolving.
Dysphagia – An Uncommon Cause for a Common Gastrointestinal Symptom
Authors: Aravind R. , Reddy Santhan , Reshmi B. S. Surya , Mahadevan B. , Srinivas M. , Venkataraman Jayanthi
Published: December 2023

Dysphagia is an important alarm symptom in gastrointestinal practice. While most have primary involvement of the esophagus, rarely extra-esophageal lesions can be diagnosed while investigating for this symptom. We report a case of squamous cell lung carcinoma presenting as acute dysphagia.
Benign Retroperitoneal Schwannoma with Liver Metastasis: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Ahmed Meraj , Vageesh B. G. , Agarwal Anil K. , Sharma Manish
Published: December 2023

Retroperitoneal schwannomas (RPSs) are rare tumors with a reported incidence of 0.7%–2.7%. RPSs are usually benign and located in the paravertebral or presacral region. Malignant RPSs are extremely rare and are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. To the best of our knowledge, benign RPS and metastasis have never been reported earlier. We report a 39-year-old female who was referred to us following a diagnosis of RPS with liver metastasis and had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for the same. After NACT, her liver lesion disappeared; we performed surgical excision of the primary tumor and discharged her in good health.
Robotic Surgeries for Cancer in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Hope or Hype in Surgical Oncology?
Authors: Balakrishnan Gurushankari , Krishnamurthy Arvind
Published: December 2023

Medical sciences and technology have grown exponentially over the past many decades. The doubling time of medical knowledge and technology has shortened from 50 years in the 1950s to just 73 days in 2020. The field of surgical oncology has progressed from open surgery to minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The revolutionary robotic technology has disrupted the space of MIS, with the added promise of better postoperative recovery and improved functional outcomes. This is largely due to reduced pain, fewer infections, lesser blood loss, shorter hospital stay, less scarring, and faster return to normal activities. It is noteworthy that better functional outcomes have been achieved without compromising the oncological principles, as endorsed by multiple studies that have demonstrated the safety, feasibility, and potential short-term advantages of the robotic platforms in surgical oncology. Although robotic surgeries are well established in high-income countries, their use in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is scarce. Overwhelming issues pertaining to cancer care in the LMICs are advanced-stage presentation, barriers of affordability and access, and heterogeneity in the quality of cancer care, among others; hence, advancing the scope of robotics seems to be a low priority. Further, in LMICs, robotic surgeries are invariably offered to affluent populations, further perpetuating the vicious cycle of socioeconomic divide. There are several other challenges to implementing robotic platforms in the LMICs. We attempt to explore the potential solutions and strategies that can be adopted and adapted to overcome these challenges.
A Comparative Ultrasonographic Study of Fetal Biometric Parameters of Normal Fetus versus Intrauterine Growth Restriction Fetus during the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Kurbah Ofisha Mary , Ralte Sarah , Sharma Nalini , Shullai Wansalan Karu , Sundaram Shanthosh Priyan , Ram K. Mohan , Bhattacharyya Asima , Chhunthang C. Daniala
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a well-known complex issue in obstetrics that can lead to significant fetal or neonatal complications, both in the short and long term. This ultrasonographic study was undertaken to compare the growth and development of the normal fetus versus IUGR fetus, during the third trimester of pregnancy in Meghalaya, Northeastern India.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective, analytical ultrasonographic study done on pregnant women in the third trimester from May 2021 to October 2022 at North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong. Forty-two pregnant women (twenty-one each from normal and IUGR fetuses) were observed from the 28th week of gestation until delivery. Ultrasonographic fetal biometric parameters (FBPs) such as biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference (AC), femur length, and estimated fetal weight were used to study fetal growth and development. The weight and length of the newborn were recorded. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify the association between IUGR and FBPs as well as birth weight and length.

Results:

Among the FBPs, only AC parameter was statistically associated with IUGR status (P < 0.05). Birth weight and birth length were significantly lower in the IUGR group compared to the normal group (P < 0.001 for both).

Conclusions:

Among the FBPs, AC may be better suited to compare fetal growth and development between normal and IUGR fetuses during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Nanotechnology in Prosthodontics – The Next Big Thing is Very Small
Authors: Minase Dhanashree , Kambala Seema , Godbole Surekha , Borle Anjali
Published: December 2023

Evolution in dentistry is occurring tremendously as newer and newer advances are taking place. One such latest advancement is nanotechnology in dentistry. A vast range of applications of nanotechnology is seen in almost all the branches of dentistry. When large sized particle is compressed in a small size, they show a great change in the physical and chemical properties. Nanoparticles can be inoculated in various dental materials for better properties. In this article, a brief application of nanotechnology in various fields of dentistry are described.
Systems Delay in Women with Breast Cancer – Protocol for a Sequential Explanatory Mixed-methods Study from Central Rural India
Authors: Raut Juhi , Joshi Abhishek , Mudey Abhay
Published: December 2023

Context:

Globally, breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor, with an incidence of 2 million cases every year and 6 lakh deaths. In India, the incidence rate of breast cancer is 25.8%/100,000 women per year. In developing countries, diagnosis in early stages reduces mortality and morbidity, whereas delay causes reduction in survival rates.

Aims:

The aim of the study is to assess system delays in patients presenting in surgery Outpatient Department of Tertiary Care Medical College Hospital in rural central India.

Settings and Design:

A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study will be conducted in two phases at Tertiary Care Medical College Hospital.

Subjects and Methods:

Estimated sample size is 128 participants, quantitative data will be collected using semistructured questionnaire followed by qualitative component (in-depth interviews) will be conducted.

Statistical Analysis to Be Used:

Appropriate statistical measures such as Kruskal–Wallis test/analysis of variance test and Chi-square test as per the distribution of quantitative data and thematic content analysis for qualitative date.

Results:

Of 14 patients, piloted time duration between noticing the abnormality and first visit to health-care facility was >30 days for the majority of participants. Reasons for patients delayed were identified as not troubled by the problem (61.5%). Reasons for diagnosis delay were identified as – was not sure about getting test done (57.1%). Reasons for treatment delay were identified as – was not sure if I wanted to be treated (60%).

Conclusions:

The findings of study shall help in planning appropriate interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality of breast cancer by addressing the system delays if any.
Awareness and Attitude on Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease among non health care workers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Roy Sandeep Kumar , Pai Radhika R. , Chandrababu Ramesh
Published: December 2023

Background:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has become a significant health problem that affects the health of people worldwide. In this study, we assessed the awareness and attitude toward the prevention of CAD among nonhealth-care workers.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 292 nonhealth-care workers at the institutions of a multidisciplinary university. Participants were asked to complete the awareness and attitude questionnaire on the prevention of CAD.

Results:

Among the nonhealth-care workers, most of the participants had good knowledge 43 (14.7%), and a positive attitude 290 (99.3%) toward preventive measures of CAD. There was a moderate positive correlation between knowledge and attitude, which was statically significant (r = 0.540, significant at P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Even though most of the participants demonstrated good awareness of factors contributing to CAD among nonhealth-care workers, rest of the vast majority of the participants reported having limited awareness. This warrants a well-designed awareness program for nonhealth-care workers, which can help reduce the incidence or the development of CAD among the general population.
Glass that Heals: Exploring the Wonders of Bioactive Glass
Authors: Raut Sayali , Ikhar Anuja , Bhopatkar Jay
Published: December 2023

In today’s world, dental and bone defect incidences have become very common, and regenerative treatment has shown very effective results. As such, it might affect the whole quality of life of an individual. Moreover, the present studies show that now, it is possible to heal or treat certain dental diseases by use of some regenerative material and bioactive glass (BAG) is one of them and also is proved to be helpful in various dermatological conditions. Its safety and effectiveness are more as compared to other biomaterials. This review focuses on one of the versatile materials which act as a regenerative therapy as the BAG releases possess antimicrobial properties which release ions and act as a regenerative material. It has many uses in dentistry as such and other fields of medicine and is proven to be very helpful in providing or lessening infections to initiate the remineralization of such structures which might become impossible with the use of others.
Viral Carcinogenesis: A Concise Review
Authors: Pasupuleti Swetha , Vanguru Raviteja , Manyam Ravikanth , Siripurapu Swathi , Alapati Naga Supriya , Salwaji Supraja
Published: December 2023

As per the International Classification of Diseases, oral cancer is a subtype of head-and-neck cancer which develops in the tongue, lips, salivary glands, floor of the mouth, gingiva, buccal surfaces, oropharynx, and other intraoral areas. It is commonly presumed at least 5 to 10 mutations in different genes cause the transformation of normal cells to malignant. They may be triggered on by exposure to a single agent or a combination of agents, random errors in genetic replication, or errors in DNA repair procedures. Oncogenic viruses are a serious threat to humans, farm animals, and pets. These viruses cause cell transformation, uncontrollable cell growth, and the formation of malignant tumors. This review summarizes on the role of such viruses in carcinogenesis, antiviral therapy, and therapeutic vaccines.
Naloxone-induced Septal Neuromodulation of Hoarding Behavior in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Patil Krishnakant Balasaheb , Patil Ashwini Namdeorao , Singh Chandralekha
Published: December 2023

Background:

Advances have been made in recognizing the neural mechanisms controlling ingestive behavior and maintaining energy balance. The interlinkage between opiate pathways, hoarding behavior, and body weight homeostasis suggests that a malfunction of the opioidergic brain may well have a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. The potential of opioid antagonists to influence food hoarding, a type of appetitive ingestive behavior, needs to be explored. Hence, this study was undertaken with the aim of assessing the effect of naloxone as a septal neuromodulator in the hoarding behavior of laboratory rats.

Materials and Methods:

Stereotaxic techniques were implemented on 20 adult male Wistar rats. For the experimental group (n = 10), naloxone was injected into the septal area. For the control group (n = 10), 0.9% of normal saline was injected into the septal region. Hoarding scores before and after the administration of the drugs were noted and statistically analyzed.

Results:

Naloxone showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the food-hoarding scores (6.6 ± 4.2) as compared to baseline-hoarding scores (41.5 ± 14.39). However, the hoarding scores in the control group did not depict any significant change when measured before and after instillation of 0.9% normal saline.

Conclusion:

Intraseptal naloxone has modulatory activity in the septal network with inhibitory influence upon hoarding behavior.
A Rare Case of Isolated Hydatid Cyst in Right Lung in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Wazurkar Ajinkya Shrikant , Lohiya Sham , Vagha Keta Jayant , Vagha Jayant
Published: December 2023

The parasite Echinococcus granulosus is the source of the disease hydatid cyst, which primarily affects the liver but can also affect other parts of the body. This case involves a seven-year-old boy who had fever and cough for 15 days which was identified as a case of isolated hydatid cyst of the right lung following examination and further testing. The child received albendazole preoperatively, then had the hydatid cyst removed with enucleation. After receiving advice to continue taking Praziquantel and Albendazole for another three months, the boy was discharged. If untreated, hydatid cysts of the lung can lead to serious problems like cyst rupture, pneumothorax, and infection and could pose a life-threatening risk. In order to identify hydatid cyst as early as possible, a comprehensive history and examination are crucial, and treatment should begin.
Prosthodontic Rejuvenation of Oral Esthetics
Authors: Jaiswal Tanvi , Kambala Seema Sathe , Borle Anjali Bhoyar , Dhamande Mithilesh , Kambala Rajanikanth
Published: December 2023

A system of esthetic predictions that has been used since antiquity is described. The system’s naturalness is emphasized by displaying nature’s examples of how artists and designers used it. The smile’s esthetics are greatly improved by framing the teeth within the confines of gingival architecture. An uneven gingival contour height can have a dramatic effect on the beauty of a smile. Although the position of the gingival tissue zenith may appear insignificant, it can significantly impact the axial inclination and emergence profile of the teeth. The present article describes a case report that deals with replacing unsatisfactory and extensive metal-ceramic restorations with all ceramic restoration to improve esthetics in the form and shape of the tooth, color, and alignment of the tooth; consequently, the patient’s smile’s esthetics and harmony are established.
A Brief Review on Monkeypox Virus – A Reemerging Epidemic
Authors: Kumar Anurag , D’silva Vismaya , Madake Bhushan
Published: December 2023

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that was initially discovered in northern Africa during the 1970s. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus, and it shares a strong connection to the now-eradicated smallpox virus, which was caused by the variola virus. The MPXV is a type of double-stranded DNA virus found in the Orthopoxvirus genus within the Poxviridae family. It is categorized into two genetic clades: West African and Central African. Along with three other orthopoxvirus species dangerous to humans, such as variola major virus, which caused smallpox and is now eradicated, variola minor virus, and cowpox virus (CPXV), MPXV poses a threat to human health. In addition, some animal poxviruses can be zoonotic, such as vaccinia virus, CPXV, buffalopox virus, and, in rare cases, camelpox virus. While monkeypox infects a wide range of animals, its natural host reservoir is still not known.
Impact of Physical Activity on Epilepsy
Authors: Bhatt Geeta , Gupta Nalina , Manwadkar Shweta , Mehendale Priti , Kothary Khyati
Published: December 2023

Epilepsy has neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social effects that make individuals more secluded and suffer from increased social stigma. In order to increase quality of life in epilepsy, efforts should not only target seizure control but also consider all facets of life, such as physical and mental wellness. It is noteworthy that neither epilepsy patients nor medical doctors typically involve physical exercise programs. This resistance could be brought on by concern that exercise will trigger seizures, stigma, or misinformation. With the rise in data on the advantageous effects of physical activity (PA) on management of epilepsy and enhancing life quality, it makes sense to incorporate exercise programs as an additional non-pharmacological treatment for epilepsy. The major point is to support the potential application of an exercise regimen to either prevent or treat epilepsy. As a result, future studies are essential to study the advantages and impact of PA on epileptic patients. The current review of the literature includes 12 articles from the years 2017 to 2022 that were found by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using keywords like “exercise,” “epilepsy,” “physical activity,” “human treated for epilepsy,” and “seizure physical training.” These articles examine the most recent research on the risks and advantages of PA in epilepsy patients and indicate that being active has positive psychological effects on both social and mental health. However, in light of the information that is currently available, it is recommended that PA should be considered in epilepsy patients in order to boost life quality and overall well-being.
Publication trends and collaborative patterns in periodontics research from Saudi Arabia: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Alqahtani Hussam M , Haq Ikram U
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:

To perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis encompassing all articles published on periodontics from Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

Using the Scopus database on June 8, 2023, the search term “Periodontic*” was entered in the primary search bar to extract all documents published on periodontics. Following, the year filter was applied to include articles published from the earliest available date until the date of data collection, excluding 2023. Next, we used the country/region filter to limit our documents to Saudi Arabia (n = 1929). We used Microsoft Excel (v.16) to examine periodical growth, collaboration patterns, influential institutions, frequently used sources, international research collaboration, and most-cited papers.

Results:

Saudi Arabia ranked 11th in periodontics research, contributing 3.43% to the global research output, reaching a peak of 7.63% in 2022. Notably, there was significant growth observed during the last 5 years of the study, with an average of 232.8 documents per year. The analysis of citations revealed that the selected documents received an average of 13.39 citations per document. Indigenous literature received less citation on average compared to internationally collaborated documents. King Saud University ranked first among the most productive institutions in Saudi Arabia, accounting 40.74% of the total output. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice published the highest number of documents, followed by the Saudi Dental Journal and the Journal of Periodontology. In terms of citation impact, the Journal of Periodontology emerged as the most influential, with an average of 32.83 citations per document. Research collaboration was most prevalent with researchers from the United States (22.03%), although Germany ranked first in terms of citation impact.

Conclusion:

Saudi Arabia’s contribution to periodontics research has shown significant growth in recent years. The collaborative efforts with international researchers, particularly those from the United States, have played a crucial role in fostering advancements within the field.
Prevalence and risk factors of periodontal disease among rural and urban residents of a south Indian city: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dain Chacko Pearl , Ganapathi Sanjay , Ranjithkumar Ambili , Geevar Zachariah , Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai , Ammu Jayanthi Viswanathan
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:

The prevalence of oral diseases has been increasing alarmingly in the state of Kerala. Screening for periodontal disease (PD) is crucial due to its negative impact on oral and overall health. Since the occurrence and severity of PD depend on its risk factors, a structured survey in randomly selected districts in the state can be a valuable tool for policymakers to envisage strategies to enhance oral health care and control shared systemic illnesses. Data on the prevalence and risk factors of PD among the residents of the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala is not currently available in the public domain. This data could also be representative of the other 13 districts with more or less similar topographical, cultural, and lifestyle characteristics.

Aim:

To study the prevalence of PD and its risk factors among the residents of the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala and to compare the urban–rural differences.

Materials and Methods:

In this community-based cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select the participants. Among the 1285 participants, 560 were from urban areas, and 725 were from rural areas. A modification of the Ramfjord PD index was used to assess periodontal health. The epidemiological risk factors were evaluated using sociodemographic data, personal histories, and physical and biochemical parameters. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationship of PD with independent variables. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the mediating effects of independent factors.

Results:

The rural population (61.4%) had a higher frequency of PD than the urban (35.5%) and an overall prevalence of 50%. Aging, poor oral hygiene, and low educational level (EL) were significant risk factors for PD in urban and rural settings, with hypertension only being significant in the latter. A higher odds ratio (9.07–29.68) with a confidence interval of (5.45–48.94) for poor oral hygiene was noted. Poor oral hygiene and tobacco use had mediating effects between low EL and PD.

Conclusions:

In this study, the overall prevalence of PD was 50%, with the rural population being more afflicted. Poor oral hygiene has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for PD in urban and rural populations. Poor oral hygiene and tobacco use have been demonstrated to be mediators of the strong link between low EL and PD. Therefore, this study reiterates the need for better oral health awareness and treatment facilities to minimize the impact of the above risk factors on the periodontium. A shared risk relationship between PD and hypertension in the rural population emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to public health by including oral health as part of noncommunicable disease prevention and intervention programs.
Intraepithelial Inclusions on Urinalysis Screening among COVID-19 Cases: Are they Covicytes?—A Hospital-Based Cohort Study with Narrative Review
Authors: Ojha Pushpanjali R. , Kumar Rakesh
Published: December 2023

Title:

“Intraepithelial inclusions on urinalysis screening among COVID-19 cases: Are they
Covicytes?—A hospital-based cohort study with narrative review.”

Context:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated delayed acute kidney injury (AKI) is often reported in subsequent waves of the pandemic. Early intervention and regular follow-up influence the outcome and inhibit progression into chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is the first study to identify urinary cytomorphological abnormalities (
Covicytes
) and predict COVID-19-associated delayed AKI with a narrative review of the possible etiologies for intraepithelial inclusions.

Settings and Design:

A hospital-based cohort study with a narrative review.

Material and Methods:

Screening urinalysis to assess the cytomorphology of epithelial cells (ECs) and inclusions in Leishman and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-stained smears by two independent pathologists was performed in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 cases at a tertiary care center.

Statistical Analysis:

Basic statistical tools were used for descriptive statistical analysis, and data were expressed in mean, proportion, and frequency.

Results:

Cytomorphological abnormalities (48/188) were predominant among adult males. Leukocyturia (39/48) with positive nitrite test (28/39), high ECs (27/48) and squamous cell-to-tubular EC (SC:TEC) ratio, intraepithelial intracytoplasmic inclusions predominantly in TECs (Covicytes), and multiple well-visualized, perinuclear PAS-negative neutrophilic vacuoles (17/39) were found. The association with preexisting diabetes (31/48), hypertension (10/48), and disease severity was noted.

Conclusions:

This study reported COVID-19-associated urinary cytomorphological abnormalities and interesting unique inclusions (Covicytes) that may be a result of underlying inflammatory changes, reactive hyperplasia, degenerative changes, or defective endocytosed vacuoles. The possible etiologies for renal inclusions were reviewed. We recommend compulsory baseline and follow-up urinary cytology screening for all COVID-19-suspected patients to detect and predict delayed AKI before clinical and biochemical manifestation during disease endemicity.
Environment Friendly Rehydrants for Air-Dried Oral Buccal Smears – A Comparative Study with Conventional Method
Authors: Handa Tanvi , Gupta Shally , Gulati Anubha , Singh Simranjit
Published: December 2023

Background:

Cytopathology is defined as a branch of pathology which involves studying diseases and their diagnosis. The conventional method involves fixing the cells in alcohol, but its poor availability in ill-equipped areas can pose problems. One solution to this problem is air-drying of smears followed by rehydration. In this study, we intend to assess the cytomorphologic changes in air-dried smears rehydrated using various agents and to correlate them with the smears prepared using conventional wet technique. Also, we attempt to find the alternative to alcohol which can be used in less equipped areas.

Materials and Methods:

Three smears each were prepared from 24 patients (12 healthy and 12 with habits). A total of 72 smears were prepared. One smear from each patient was used as control group (alcohol fixation - total number: 24 smears). The remaining two smears were air-dried and rehydrated and were taken as the test group (test group A - rehydrated with aq. glycerine; total number: 24 smears, test group B - rehydrated with coconut oil; total number: 24 smears) for 5–10 minutes. Then, all 72 slides were stained by standard Papanicolaou stain. The slides were examined for cytomorphologic changes and a score was assigned from 0 to 3.

Conclusion:

Our study proved aq. glycerine to be a superior rehydrant in comparison to conventional wet fixed smears or coconut oil. Also, in studies where cytoplasmic evaluation is required, coconut oil can be used due to its superior quality.
Serum vitamin D status and its relationship with insulin resistance amongst a cohort of Nigerian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Adeleye Jokotade O , Emuze Martins E , Esan Arinola , Bamidele Olabisi T
Published: December 2023

Background:

Insulin resistance (IR) is a cardinal pathophysiological mechanism for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vitamin D has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D and IR among persons with T2DM in a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

The study was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at the medical outpatient clinic of a hospital in Nigeria. Participants included 120 patients with T2DM and 60 healthy controls. Levels of serum vitamin D, fasting insulin, and fasting plasma glucose were determined. IR was determined using the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Data obtained were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22.

Results:

The mean serum vitamin D of the subjects with T2DM was significantly lower than the controls (35.84 ± 11.65 ng/mL vs. 44.71 ± 20.12 ng/mL; P < 0.001). The median HOMA-IR of the T2DM subjects was significantly higher than that of controls (2.26 [2.57] vs. 1.59 [1.53]; P = 0.002). The mean serum vitamin D was significantly higher among T2DM participants with HOMA-IR of less than 2 compared with participants who had HOMA-IR of greater than or equal to 2 (39.80 ± 13.22 ng/mL vs. 33.91 ± 9.75 ng/mL; P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D and HOMA-IR among patients with T2DM (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The finding of this study could signify that vitamin D levels may be used as a surrogate marker of IR.
Effects of supervised structured exercise program on postural control and gait in subjects with type-2 diabetes
Authors: Popaliya Aarti , Shah Chaitali
Published: December 2023

Type-2 diabetes mellitus, one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world, is brought on by the interaction of two critical factors: reduced insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells and impaired insulin sensitivity of tissues. The objective of the study was to see the effects of supervised structured exercise program on postural control and gait in subjects with type-2 diabetes. The study recruited 44 type-2 diabetic subjects who were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (n = 22) and control group (n = 22). Functional reach test and dynamic gait index were used as outcome measures for pre- and postevaluations of postural control and gait, respectively. The study identified a mean improvement of 2.54 ± 11.31 and 3 ± 14.31 in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Both groups showed significant improvements in postural control and gait after the intervention (P < 0.05). The level of improvement in the experimental group was significantly higher in improving postural control compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The results of the study demonstrated that structured exercise program is effective in improving postural control and gait in subjects with type-2 diabetes.
A dose–response study of resistance exercise training for brain-derived neurotrophic factor in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Parveen Sarah , Azharuddin Muhammad , Sehgal Chhavi Arora , Usmani Maria , Noohu Majumi M
Published: December 2023

Background:

Low brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been reported in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Resistance exercise improves levels of BDNF in T2DM; however, it is unknown what amount of exercise intensity will alter its therapeutic effects. The present study aims to investigate the effect of different doses of resistance exercise intensity on BDNF in people with T2DM.

Methods and Outcome Assessments:

The study will recruit 106 T2DM who will be randomly allocated to one of the four groups to receive resistance exercise training: Group 1 (50% of 1 repetition maximum [RM]), Group 2 (60% of 1 RM), Group 3 (70% of 1 RM), and Group 4 (control group). All the participants will be assessed for the levels of serum BDNF. The data will be checked for normal distribution, and data having non-normal distribution will be log-transformed. Baseline values between the groups will be compared, and the effect of treatment will be determined using one-way analysis of variance.

Discussion:

Despite the available research demonstrating the effectiveness of resistance exercise training on BDNF in T2DM people, there is no unequivocal exercise prescription for the same. BDNF is susceptible to regulation by exercise. Therefore, it would be interesting to investigate the optimal intensity for bringing about improvement in BDNF and its interaction with chronic exposure to different intensities of resistance exercise.
The national health service England diabetes prevention program—A narrative review
Authors: Koning Clare , Pelletier Marc , Spooner Joanne
Published: December 2023

The National Health Service (NHS) Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is a comprehensive initiative in the United Kingdom aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among individuals with prediabetes. The NHS DPP emphasizes early intervention and underscores the potential for preventing or delaying T2DM. Currently, it operates since 2015 at 44 geographically defined sites, serving an estimated annual volume of 200,000 patients. This narrative review evaluates the NHS DPP. A literature search, adhering to the Participants, Concept, and Context review framework, was conducted in various databases and sources, limited to the period from 2015 to 2023. Data were categorized based on publication date, study type, program indicators, and focus areas, forming the framework for the review discussion. The review search yielded a total of 18,357 articles, of which 45 were included, with a predominant focus on program effectiveness. The NHS DPP demonstrates strengths in risk reduction and cost-effectiveness but faces challenges related to fidelity and the needs of diverse populations. The review highlights the importance of evidence-based service delivery, stakeholder engagement, and digital innovation in future DPP programs. While a centralized approach provides structure, local flexibility is essential to cater to population-specific needs. This review underscores the importance of strategic planning, political support, partnerships, and robust data collection in DPP implementation. It recommends targeting high-risk individuals, intensive lifestyle interventions, and embracing digital solutions for program delivery. Ongoing research, including analysis of long-term data and user perspectives, will further enhance the evidence base for DPP programs worldwide.
Relationship amongst Noise Sensitivity, Burnout and Psychological Resilience in Community Workers
Authors: Cao Fei , Li Juan , Xin Wei , Yang Zhibing
Published: December 2023

Background: The mental health status of community workers shows the characteristics of low job satisfaction, low self-efficacy and psychological resilience, and a high sense of burnout. This research aims to explore the relationship between noise sensitivity, burnout, and psychological resilience in community workers. Methods and Material: Convenience sampling was adopted to select 169 community workers from five communities as research objects for an anonymous questionnaire survey. A general questionnaire was used to collect the general information of the respondents. Noise sensitivity, burnout and psychological resilience scales were adopted to analyse the correlation amongst noise sensitivity, burnout and psychological resilience in community workers. Univariate and multivariate logistics regression analyses were used to analyse the influencing factors of job burnout and psychological resilience in community workers. Results: A total of 169 questionnaires were distributed, and after excluding 6 unqualified questionnaires, 163 valid questionnaires (96.45%) were collected. The scores on the noise sensitivity, burnout and psychological resilience scales were 63.80 ± 9.69, 78.57 ± 10.12 and 54.18 ± 8.77 points, respectively. The results of the correlation analysis showed that in community workers, the noise sensitivity score was negatively correlated with the psychological resilience score (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with the burnout score (P < 0.001). The burnout and psychological resilience scores of community workers showed statistical differences with different ages, working years and disposable monthly family income (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression results revealed that noise sensitivity, age, working years and disposable monthly family income had an effect on burnout and psychological resilience scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In community workers, noise sensitivity is positively correlated with burnout and negatively correlated with psychological resilience. This study provides a certain research basis for conducting relevant psychological research and interventions.
Surgical site infiltration using ketamine versus bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia following appendicectomy
Authors: Elrahman Ahmed E. A. , Refaie Bahaa M. , Ali Gehad A. , Abdelfattah Khaled A. M.
Published: December 2023

Background

Appendicectomy is the standard surgery to remove an inflamed appendix and prevent peritonitis and other serious complication of a perforated appendix. Relieving postappendicectomy pain can help in early mobility and rehabilitation. The study compares the efficacy of using ketamine versus bupivacaine for surgical site infiltration for postoperative analgesia following appendicectomy.

Methods

We enrolled 60 patients aged between 14 and 50 with ASA status class I and II undergoing uncomplicated appendicectomy under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups where group 1 received surgical site infiltration using plain bupivacaine at the end of the operation while group 2 received surgical site infiltration using ketamine. The visual analog scale (VAS) was estimated at zero, 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery. The time until the first need for analgesia and the overall analgesic consumption were recorded in both groups. Any adverse effects in the recovery room were recorded. Postoperative hemodynamics were also recorded every 2 h for up to 24 h.

Results

The VAS score at 1, 2, 6, and 12 h was significantly lower in the ketamine group than in the bupivacaine group (P < 0.001). The time until the first need for analgesia was significantly prolonged in the ketamine group than in the bupivacaine group (P value < 0.001). The total ketorolac and morphine consumption in the first 24 h postoperatively was significantly lower in the ketamine group than in the bupivacaine group (P value < 0.001). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occurred in five (16.667%) patients in the bupivacaine group and in six (20%) patients in the ketamine group.

Conclusions

Surgical site infiltration using either ketamine or bupivacaine can be used safely and efficiently to control acute postoperative pain and decrease the total consumption of systemic analgesics; however, ketamine infiltration seems superior in this field.
Diabetic patient awareness and knowledge about the relationship between blood sugar level and oral health in the Qassim region: Survey based study
Authors: Al-Saif Eatmad Ahmad , Alunazi Nadia Awadh , Alsalman Wesam Talal , Alshubrami Hamad Saleh
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

People with uncontrolled diabetes are at significant risk of developing several oral health-related problems. Prevention and treatment of oral diseases in diabetic patients require persistent daily self-care at home and regular dental visits.

Aim:

The aim of this was to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of diabetic patients toward oral health in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional, survey, and facility-based study was conducted at the Endocrine and Diabetic Center in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. A simple random sampling technique was used and included male and female patients and excluding those with gestational diabetes. Each patient received a questionnaire containing four domains: sociodemographic data, oral health knowledge, general health knowledge, and oral health attitude.

Results and Discussion:

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ran a detailed descriptive analysis. A sample size of 173 Saudi diabetic patients participated in this study (68 [39.3%] male and 105 [60.7%] female). Surprisingly, 75.7% did not know their diabetic type, 73.4% brush their teeth at least once daily, and 87.3% have never used interdental flossing. Just 38.2% knew diabetic patients were at a higher risk of developing oral disease. Furthermore, 19.7% have had their dentists educate them about the effect of diabetes on their oral health, and only 13.3% stated that their physicians had educated them about the relationship between diabetic status and oral health. It is paramount to ensure the role of dentists and physicians in educating patients, as most of the sample was unaware of the relationship between diabetes and oral health. Furthermore, interdental flossing is essential for dental home care and periodontium health. Most diabetic patients in this sample do not floss and must be educated about its importance.

Conclusion:

Integrated dental visits for diabetic patients, in coordination with their physician, may avoid further oral and general health complications.
Steel, Nitriding, Bars, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Stock for Forging, 1.6Cr - 0.35Mo - 1.13Al (0.38 - 0.43C) (135 Mod), Premium Aircraft Quality, Consumable Electrode Vacuum Remelted
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: December 2023

This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.
Steel, Bars and Forgings and Forging Stock, Nitriding, 1.6Cr - 0.35Mo - 1.1Al (0.38 - 0.43C) (135 Mod), Aircraft Quality, Hardened and Tempered, 112 ksi (772 Mpa) Tensile Strength
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: December 2023

This specification covers an aircraft quality, low alloy steel in the form of heat-treated bars and forgings, and of forging stock.
Cierpliwa, słodka i skromna. Cnoty niewieście w XIX w. według Klementyny z Tańskich Hoffmanowej i jej Pamiątki po dobrej matce czyli ostatnich jej rad dla córki
Authors: Opioła‑Cegiełka Monika
Published: December 2023

Patient, Sweet, and Modest: Female Virtues according to Klementyna z Tańskich Hoffmanowa and Her Pamiątki po dobrej matce (A Memorial of a Dear Mother, or Her Last Pieces of Advice for Her Daughter) in the Nineteenth Century

Klementyna Hoffmanowa (née Tańska) published her handbook Pamiątka po dobrej matce (A Memorial of a Dear Mother) in 1819. This collection of advice for girls and young women was an extremely popular publication and went through ten editions in the nineteenth century. Although the author was an educated woman interested in public affairs, in the Pamiątka she propagated a model of a woman subordinated to a man, fulfilling herself on a private level and, importantly, developing certain qualities to satisfy her family and husband: “My daughter! Do not worry that you belong to the weaker sex; her destiny is beauty: after all, she can be a beloved and useful woman. Nature endowed man with power, because it entrusted him with the defence of the weaker, opposing injustice, the punishment of vice […] God created woman more tender and weaker: she should soothe, soften, and make a brave companion happy” (p. 9, 7th edition). In the Pamiątka we find advice on health, appearance, duties, godliness, but also on the female sex and its qualities. In the second part of the guide, Hoffmanowa devotes chapter three to feminine virtues (“On the Virtues Needed by a Woman,” pp. 75–90); however, advice on the canon of desirable features and values can be found throughout the entire collection. “The virtue proper to our sex is sweetness; rare in a man, it seems impossible for a woman to do without it […] Sweetness is not only a charm, but also a weapon for us” (p. 79, 7th edition). In addition to sweetness, the author draws attention to patience, modesty, and cheerfulness, and in the event of “days of numbness in our lives,” which do not encourage cheerfulness at all, she recommends prayer and beseeching God for new strength. Hoffmanowa’s guidebook is worth looking at in the context of its proposed moral model, both in terms of its substantive richness and the frequency of its reprintings. While the proposed model of a woman might not have been shocking in 1819, its tenth edition in 1883 was in contrast to the developing women’s movements and women’s emancipation.
„Bądź aniołem piastunem narodowego ducha…” Cnoty niewieście rekomendowane w XIX‑wiecznych poradnikach obyczajowych
Authors: Raińska Kinga
Published: December 2023

“Be Guardian Angel of the National Spirit…” Women’s Virtues Recommended in Nineteenth‑Century Programmes of Education

Throughout the nineteenth century, Poland was deprived of an independent state, and the primary goal of Poles at that time, regardless of gender, was to regain independence. The specific historical conditions in which Polish society had to modernize in the period under discussion also left their mark on the process of women’s education, which is visible in contemporary curricula. In them, a special aura surrounded moral education and work for the oppressed homeland, in which women were to perform a unique function. The role that the family played in the process of shaping national awareness and defending Polishness against Germanization and Russification assigned to Polish women special tasks in society and additional fields of activity, increasing their prestige in the family and beyond. The situation in which Poles found themselves in the period in question largely influenced the model of educating the young generation of women. In it, moral, religious and patriotic education took a prominent place. In the comfort of the home, in boarding schools, and in schools, girls were supposed to learn the principles of faith, to learn to read and write in Polish, to count, to acquire a knowledge of the main points of geography, native history, and nature, to master the art of playing an instrument, to become familiar with household duties, to learn to sew, embroider and knit, etc. The direction of girls’ education was in a sense imposed by the tasks that the pupils had to fulfill in the future in the life of their family and in the life of society.

An educated woman was to become a defender of Christian faith and wisdom, a guardian of patriotism, a promoter of history, the purity of the Polish language and Polish customs, and above all, a good wife and mother. Moral values, based mainly on Christian ethics, were always to accompany her both in the home and in public. Specific Polish conditions permanently bound her to tradition and to the prevailing ideal of the Polish Mother, a symbolic model of the ideal wife and mother. In the name of the good of the homeland and in support of a man in the struggle for freedom, she was to renounce her own aspirations and desires, so that nothing distracted from the main goal – Poland’s regaining independence.