bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase transitions and critical behavior in quasi-one-dimensional two-channel systems with quasiperiodic disorder
Authors: Pouranvari Mohammad
Published: January 2025

We investigate the localization properties of a quasi-one-dimensional two-channel system with symmetric and asymmetric onsite energies using the Aubry-André model. By analyzing the Lyapunov exponent and localization length, we characterize the phase transitions and critical behavior of the system. For the symmetric model, we obtain the phase diagram for the entire spectrum, revealing mobility edges between delocalized and localized states. In contrast, for the asymmetric model, we identify a critical line

λ

1

c

+

λ

2

c

≈
0.5

marking the phase transition between delocalized and localized states. We also study the effects of the inter-channel coupling

t

˜

, and observe that increasing

t

˜

reduces the delocalized phase space, shifting the transition from λ
1 = λ
2 = 1 at

t

˜

=
0

to

λ

1

c

+

λ

2

c

≈
0.5

at larger

t

˜

. Furthermore, the phase transition point is found to be sensitive to both

t

˜

and the incommensurate modulation parameter b. While the general phase transition behavior is preserved, subtle differences arise for different values of b, indicating a dependence of the phase boundary on both parameters. Using the cost function approach, we calculate the critical potential strength λ

c
and the critical exponent ν, with ν ≈ 0.5 for the middle of the spectrum in both symmetric and asymmetric models.
Analysis of magnetic field formulation for transferred arc thermal plasma modelling
Authors: Barath V R , Perambadur Jyothikrishna , K Ramachandran , Shukla Pradeep , Kumar Mayank , Klimenko Alexander Y , Rudolph Victor
Published: January 2025

Thermal plasma modelling of arc plasma systems offers an efficient way to understand the arc dynamics inside the torch and the plume characteristics. Extensive usage of these plasma models necessitates the efforts to improve its fidelity to simulate the actual arc environment. Since the arc dynamics is highly influenced by the self-induced magnetic field, the choice of magnetic field formulations incorporated in the plasma model plays a crucial role. Existing magnetic field formulations based on Ampere’s law, referred as potential vector formulation (PVF), and Biot–Savart law lack accuracy and computational efficiency, respectively. Integration of Biot–Savart law with PVF, referred as mixed formulation (MF), improves the accuracy but still lack computational efficiency. Extended domain based magnetic field formulation (EDF) has the tendency to offer both accuracy and computational efficiency but rarely incorporated in arc plasma system simulations. The present work studies the influence of different magnetic formulations on the self-induced magnetic field prediction in a 2.6 kW transferred arc plasma system. It is inferred that EDF predicts the magnetic field close to that of MF in most of the regions when compared to PVF. Analysing the effect of predicted magnetic field by different formulations on plasma characteristics revealed minimal influence in the considered transferred arc plasma system due to the static arc behaviour. The incorporation of EDF is expected to have significant importance on the scenario with transient arc behaviour.
Effect of Fe doping on structural, optical and magnetic properties of CdS quantum dots
Authors: Moslem Shymaa S , El komy G M , El-Khawas E H , Azab A A
Published: January 2025

Pure CdS nanoparticles and Fe-doped CdS quantum dots (Cd1−xFexS, where x = 0.0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.12) were successfully synthesized using the co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the cubic phase structure of CdS without additional peaks, indicating the effective incorporation of Fe ions into the CdS lattice. The crystallite size exhibited a gradual increase with increasing Fe content. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed a well-defined spherical morphology for pure CdS, while Fe doping induced notable agglomeration in the quantum dots. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the formation of the CdFeS composition and provided insights into the valence states of Cd, Fe, and S. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) demonstrated a decrease in the optical band gap from 2.29 eV to 2.18 eV with Fe doping, indicating a modification of the electronic structure. Magnetization studies revealed a transition from diamagnetic behavior in pure CdS to ferromagnetic behavior in Fe-doped samples. Additionally, Fe doping significantly influenced the magnetic parameters, including saturation magnetization, remanence, and coercivity. These results highlight the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of CdS can be tuned through Fe doping, making these materials promising candidates for optoelectronic and spintronic applications.
Non-self-similar collapse of three point vortices in a generalized two-dimensional fluid system
Authors: Iwayama T , Yajima T , Watanabe T
Published: January 2025

In this study, we investigate the non-self-similar collapse of three vortices in a point vortex model of a generalized two-dimensional (2D) fluid system. In the classical point vortex model, the existence of the self-similar collapse of three vortices has been well known from Gröbli (1877 Vierteljahresschr. Naturforsch. Ges. Zürich
22 129). Moreover, the non-existence of the non-self-similar collapse of three vortices in the classical point vortex model was proved by Hernández–Garduño and Lacomba (2007 J. Math. Fluid Mech.
9 75) and Hiraoka (2008 Nonlinearity
21 361). In this study, we apply a method similar to that of former authors to the point vortex model of the generalized 2D fluid system, which includes a real parameter α, where

0
<
α
⩽
3

. We present proofs for the possible existence of the non-self-similar collapse of three vortices for

0
<
α
<
2

and for the non-existence of such collapse for

2
<
α
⩽
3

. Furthermore, as an application, we analyze in detail the self-similar and non-self-similar collapses of three point vortices in the symmetric case of the surface quasi-geostrophic system (α = 1). A close relationship between the self-similar and non-self-similar collapses of the three vortices is identified.
Utilization of geospatial technology to monitor vegetation recovery after forest and land fires in 2023 in the Bromo Volcano Area, Indonesia
Authors: Purba Sejati Sadewa , Nuraini Sekarsih Fitria
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted to identify the condition of savannah fields after forest and land fires in parts of the Bromo Volcano area, East Java, Indonesia, in September 2023. The research was conducted through remote sensing technology and integrated geographic information systems. The data used is remote sensing multitemporal data in the form of Sentinel 2 imagery. Sentinel 2 imagery is remote sensing data generated from Sentinel satellite recording. Sentinel 2 imagery was used in this study because it has excellent spatial and temporal resolution. The spatial resolution of Citra Sentinel is 10 meters, and its temporal resolution is ten daily. The data were analyzed using spatial and temporal approaches to determine the condition of the savanna before and after forest and land fires. The software used to analyze the data and visualize spatial information is Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Arc Map Version 10.6. The data analysis methods used include changes in the detection of burned areas using the normalized burn ratio (NBR) method, making fire class classifications based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), post-fire monitoring using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and monitoring vegetation recovery from post-NDVI values—fires by comparing in different years in the same month using the fishnet method. The temporal months chosen to analyze the recovery process are September, October, November, and December 2023. Based on the study’s results, it is known that in September and October 2023, there has been no vegetation recovery. Vegetation began to look restored in November and December 2023.
The study of temporary rubbish dumps places based on regional zoning in Kupang City
Authors: Theo Tomi Pamungkas Bella , Rahmawati Arfita , Samin Mikael , Hale Manek Agustinus
Published: January 2025

The lack of rubbish dump capacity has led to the emergence of illegal rubbish dumps in Kupang City. Temporary rubbish dumps as transit locations for waste from sub-districts to final disposal places make the role of temporary rubbish dumps. Therefore, to study temporary waste disposal sites in Kupang City. This research examines temporary waste disposal sites based on the zoning of parts of the city area (BWK). This research is quantitative and qualitative. Qualitative data collection techniques used interviews through group discussion forums. Evaluation analysis of temporary waste disposal sites using geographic information systems (GIS) with IDW. The research results show waste accumulation in 2023 in Kupang City will be 2876714.5 L/day. The number of waste piles with the capacity of temporary rubbish disposal sites included in the appropriate category is in BWK I. The very insufficient category is in BWK II, BWK V, and BWK VII. There is a need to build 366 rubbish dumps with a container type with a volume of 6 m3 and 122 rubbish dumps with a permanent type with a volume of 1.5 m3 to overcome the shortage of rubbish dumps capacity in the next five years.
Utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Technology for The Development of Tourism at Larangan Indah Beach Tegal Regency Indonesia
Authors: Rozaq A. , Wibowo A. A. , Anna A. N. , Pramono W. T. , Taroyo
Published: January 2025

Larangan Indah Beach is one of the tourist attractions on the north coast of Tegal Regency, Central Java Province. Based on the 2012-2032 Tegal Regency RTRW regional regulations, the northern coastal area in Tegal Regency is included in the district’s strategic area and has great potential for development, including Larangan Indah Beach. The current condition has not been developed optimally. This research aims to 1) mapping Larangan Indah Beach, 2) determine the internal and external potential found in the coastal area of Larangan Indah Beach and 3) carry out a development plan for Larangan Indah Beach. The research method used in this research is a survey research method by processing aerial photo data, then interpreting aerial photos using field observations and analyzing spatial data for coastal mapping and planning tourism development based on existing potential using internal and external potential scoring. The results of scoring Larangan Indah Beach get a score of 39 which is included in the medium category, showing a good balance between attractions and tourists by making the basis for developing beach tourism areas. Development is carried out by adding attractions such as windmills and ATV rides, as well as improving amenities such as homestays, information centers, parking lots, souvenir stallss and adding road signs.
Suitability analysis of the distribution final evacuation sites for Mount Merapi based on GIS
Authors: Iswidiantono  , Sari D. N. , Taryono  , Mukasyaf A. A.
Published: January 2025

Mount Merapi is a very active volcano and eruptions often occur on a scale that is difficult to predict, thus endangering people on the slopes of Mount Merapi. FES (Final Evacuation Site) and evacuation routes are one of important things to reduce casualties due to eruptions, therefore its location must be in a safe area or outside the DPA (Disaster Prone Area). The objectives of this research are 1) GIS-based disaster vulnerability class modeling in Mount Merapi area. 2) Analyzing the distribution of FES (Final Evacuation Sites) and determining evacuation routes during the eruption of Mount Merapi based on the hazard class zone. The methods used are buffer analysis to model the DPA class, network analysis to determine the fastest route to the nearest residential evacuation site, and overlay to combine the three. DPA zone modeling is based on BPBD rules. The results obtained are maps of evacuation routes and the suitability of FES to DPA. The distribution of FES on the slopes of Mount Merapi covers the entire study area with two FES that are still very close to Kali Putih.
Fish biodiversity in the Kampar watershed: an overview of the potential, threats, and management strategies
Authors: Rusdianto Rusdianto , Haryono Haryono , Gustiano Rudhy , Wahyudewantoro Gema , Hidayatullah Irwan , Anggorowati Rahayu Dwi
Published: January 2025

Kampar Watershed is one of the major rivers in Indonesia, which is divided into Riau and West Sumatra Provinces. Kampar watershed has a high diversity of fish species and has long been utilized to meet the needs of clean water, aquaculture, agriculture, plantations, as well as hydropower generation. This article presents data related to fish biodiversity, its status, utilization, potential and threats in the Kampar watershed summarized from various scientific literatures. Fish biodiversity was recorded as many as 125 species from 36 families. A total of 92.8% of the species are native, while 7.2% are introduced. 36% of fish species were utilized as consumed and 22% as ornamental fish. There are 11.2% that can be classified as economically important fish, two of which are C. lopis and S. formosus. A total of 8% species are threatened. Threats to the Kampar watershed include water resource issues such as the increasingly widespread conversion of land to agriculture, the narrowing of natural forest areas, the expansion of floating net cages, illegal logging, and waste pollution. The data and information presented are expected to be one of the scientific references in developing strategies for managing and utilizing fish biodiversity in the Kampar watershed.
Food crops agricultural land development plan in Semarang Regency
Authors: Yoga Nurpratama Dhafa , Dwi Astuti Khristiana
Published: January 2025

Developments that occur in an area or region are always followed by an increase in the need for space which is a spatial manifestation of population growth which then encourages an increase in space utilization. The development of built-up land tends to convert non-built-up land, one of which is food crop agricultural land. Semarang Regency as an agriculture-based growth area needs a direction for agricultural land development, considering that Semarang Regency is the Kedungsepur development area which is the planned National Activity Center (PKN). Semarang Regency’s food crop agricultural land decreased by 203 hectares from 2018 to 2023, indicating a decline in food security efforts in Semarang Regency. The purpose of this research is to provide recommendations for the direction of food crop agricultural land development that considers the condition of agricultural land and built-up land. This research uses spatial data analysis and processing by combining the priority of food crop agricultural land, the suitability of food crop agricultural land, and the development of built-up land. This research produced a map of food crop agricultural land development directions in Semarang Regency. The direction of food crop agricultural land development in Semarang Regency is located in the eastern region of Semarang Regency, namely Suruh Subdistrict, Pabelan Subdistrict, Kaliwungu Subdistrict, Susukan Subdistrict, Bancak Subdistrict, and Bringin Subdistrict with the existence of more extensive land and relatively flatter natural physical conditions than the western region of Semarang Regency.
Urban heat island analysis in Blora Regency using multispectral images from 2013 to 2022
Authors: Mulyani S. , Sunariya M. I. T. , Anggani N. L. , Raharjanto B.
Published: January 2025

UHI is the increasing surface temperature higher than the surrounding area: high temperatures and low vegetation cause the high UHI. Blora geographically has conditions that often experience severe drought and has very high drought with temperatures >40oC. Based on the above conditions, this study aims to determine the relationship between vegetation index and surface temperature to UHI. After obtaining multitemporal Landsat 9 OLI and Landsat 8 OLI image data from 4 different years spanning three years, NDVI was analysed with LST to produce UHI and a moment product correlation to determine the relationship between NDVI and LST. The results of this study found that the value of the vegetation index decreased in 2019 to the temperature distribution, which also experienced anomalous increases in 2019 compared to the previous year. In correlation, the NDVI value is inversely proportional to LST. The coefficient of determination from 2013 was r2 = 98%, 2016 was r2 = 99%, 2019 was r2 = 80%, and 2022 was r2 = 98%. The quadratic coefficient of determination above shows that the range of years has a perfect relationship (r2).
Utilization of setinel-1 imagery for inundation flood mapping in Northern Part of Java Island
Authors: Lan Bagja Izzatur , Pangi P. , Warasambi Mispaki Syachril , Rahayu Sri
Published: January 2025

The Northern part of Java Island is the center of community activities in Indonesia. Urban centers are located along the Northern Part of Java, such as DKI Jakarta, Cirebon City, Tegal, Semarang, and Surabaya. As a center of urban activity, the Northern Part of Java Island has a relatively high threat of inundation such as flood. The flat topography and most of these cities are in river deltas or upstream of large rivers, causing the threat of flooding to be relatively high and coupled with climate change and increased hydrometeorological disasters. The government has conducted various disaster management and reduction efforts, as well as NGOs and the community. This study utilized remote sensing technology for inundation flood identification and mapping in the Northern Part of Java Island from the backscatter threshold value from Sentinel-1 data indicating water. The threshold value is used as a reference for determining flood inundation from each scene of sentinel-1 imagery. The result showed that the northern part of Java Island has an inundation hazard with an inundated area of 380,23 Km2. The distribution of inundation areas in several provinces such as the most inundated is in West Java with an area of 235,57 Km2, then central Java with an area of 85,95 Km2 holds the second place, then East Java with an area of 34,66 Km2, Banten with 22,28 Km2, and Jakarta with 1,77 Km2. Based on the result, the use of Sentinel-1 imagery for inundation flood mapping is effective due to the ease of obtaining data and simple processing to detect an inundation.
The Sustainability Alternative Energy Utilization for Public Street Lighting (PSL) in Purworejo
Authors: Setyawati Dewanti Diah , Aulia Rahma Firda
Published: January 2025

Alternative energy plays a crucial role in human life, contributing to environmental sustainability. Energy, the primary need for human life, has been facing a crisis for the past few decades. The deterioration of global oil prices is the most compelling reason to increase the utilization of alternative energy. Public street lighting (PSL) is a crucial component of public infrastructure, ensuring safety and comfort. This study aims to analyze the impacts of solar energy utilization for public street lighting in Purworejo regency. Recently, Tegakuning villagers expressed that using solar energy for PSL had positive effects, prompting the local government to develop this program. We selected 412 households as the study’s sample and conducted a questionnaire that focuses on the utilization impact. The independent variables are working time, environment awareness, ownership, lighting characteristics, and community attractiveness. The study has carried out multiple regression analysis to fulfill its aim. We passed the validity test (R measurement more than 0.113), the reliability test (Cronbach’s alpha 0.740), and the data quality assessment (normality and multicollinearity test). The lighting characteristics (0.119) and community attractiveness of the program (0.522*) have a positive effect on the utilization of solar energy in PSL. The F-test indicates that the utilization of alternative energy for PSL in Tegal Kuning villages, Purworejo, simultaneously influences the independent variables.
Analysis of Ecotourism Strategy in Alas Purwo National Park Towards Balanced Tourism
Authors: Wahono Puji , Agustin Pratamasari Dewi , Bara Berutu Meta , Poernomo Djoko , Prasetya Agustian B. , Binti Gulabdin Shaierah , Bin Madli Faerozh
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyse the development of a balanced-tourism strategy in Alas Purwo National Park in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Ecotourism is often used as a strategy towards balanced-tourism, although in practice the economic motive (tourism) is more dominant than the conservation motive (ecology) itself. This raises the question of whether ecotourism is the right way to achieve balanced-tourism in national parks. The research method used is qualitative, starting with field observations, in-depth interviews with managers, local government (tourism office), and visitors. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and focused discussions with relevant stakeholders. Data analysis was conducted systematically from data collection, data reduction, interpretation, and conclusion drawing, borrowing the Miles and Huberman framework. The results concluded that there is a need for institutional strengthening related to the achievement of a balanced-tourism strategy pursued through ecotourism. Maintaining ecological, economic and social balance is an important thing that can be achieved through cooperation with residents around the national park area, as well as increasing awareness of tourists who will enter the national park area.
Study of Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) regulations after the enactment of Law Number 6 Year 2023 About Job Creation
Authors: Widiyastuti Sri , Rachmawati  , Rohani Siti , Puspitasari Devina , Lolita
Published: January 2025

This study will outline the impacts of policy direction changes on the legal structure management of the Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) and propose the regulatory concepts for the Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) that should be implemented following the enforcement of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation.

This research is a doctrinal legal study that focuses on examining the legal aspects of Water Supply and Sanitation for Rural and Urban Areas (SPAM) within the Job Creation Law, using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials required for this study include legal instruments and factual data regarding the regulation of SPAM management in the Job Creation Law, employing a triangulation method for the validity of the research materials.

Research findings indicate that the policy of resentralisation of licensing in water resource management will lead to disharmony and inconsistency with the management of Drinking Water Supply Systems (SPAM) based on the concept of regional autonomy, which embodies the principle of State Control in the welfare state doctrine. When the direction of water resource management policy is not aligned with the spirit of decentralisation, it hinders the development of SPAM within the legal framework and management culture from a business entity perspective. Post the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023, the management of water resources should be followed up with efforts to harmonise it with regulations concerning regional autonomy and technical rules related to the management of drinking water supply systems (SPAM). Considering that the concept of decentralisation embodies the fundamental principle of state control within the framework of a welfare state, the regulation of water resource management and SPAM following the implementation of the Job Creation Law must be designed in accordance with the decentralisation concept to meet the basic water needs relevant to regional characteristics.
Tree Community at the GOS of 45 Banjarsari Monument and the GOS of TMP, Surakarta, Central Java
Authors: Indrawan Muhamad , Dwi Setyawan Ahmad , Abu Nazar Irfan , Sunarto  , Wahyuni Titi , Himawan Widhi , Maulida Ibriza Naila , Hidayat Wahyu , Chairunisa Safira
Published: January 2025

Green Open Space (GOS) has many roles in ecosystem services in urban environments. Banjarsari Monument and TMP (Taman Makam Pahlawan) are part of green open spaces in Surakarta, which have different environmental conditions and functions. The difference in the composition of types, individuals, and infrastructure is an interesting thing to know about the ecosystem services of each of these spaces. Data was collected at GOS Monjari and GOS TMP in July 2024. Vegetation analysis is carried out to determine the number, type, circumference, and height of trees and poles. Furthermore, the calculation of Relative Density (RD), Relative Frequency (RF), and Relative Dominance (RD) was carried out to find out the Important Value Index, in addition to that the Evenness and Diversity Index was also calculated. The research shows that there are 311 individuals consisting of 27 types of trees and poles in the Monjari and 738 individuals consisting of 41 types of trees and poles in the TMP.
Exploring the public space typology of tourist villages from the perspective of digital social media to build sustainable tourism
Authors: Ali Ikhsan Fauzan , Zaky Ramadhan Ikhwan
Published: January 2025

The image of the tourist village space plays an essential role in attracting tourists to visit. Currently, various digital social media platforms can shape the perception of the spatial image of a tourist village to invite tourists to visit the village. This study aims to analyze the public space typology of a tourist village from the perspective of digital social media. The research methodology used is a qualitative approach. Data was collected by web scraping on Instagram social media and continued with content analysis to identify the image of the tourist village public space. The results of this study indicate that the category of public space with external type and internal “quasi” public space is the type of public space that often appears in the Instagram content of tourist villages. These findings are expected to provide a better understanding of how the image of tourist village spaces from the perspective of digital social media so that it can be an input for planners and designers of sustainable tourist village spaces.
Cellulose Extraction from Robusta Coffee Husk (Coffea canephora) as Alternative Material from Sustainable Agricultural Waste Utilization
Authors: Clara Dione Nathania , Lestari Prieskarinda , Yuni Susanti Devi , Evi Masithoh Rudiati , Labiba Azzahra Rana , Marsa Chairani Annisa , Shiba Dhiyaul Rohma Anggitaniko
Published: January 2025

Coffee husk is one of the main sources of lignocellulose biomass, mainly containing 59.32% cellulose, 7.62% hemicellulose, 3.39% lignin, and others. Due to its composition, the cellulose-based coffee husk can be utilized as an alternative sustainable material for various industrial applications. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate cellulose content in the robusta coffee husk waste through extraction by delignification and bleaching methods. The yield of cellulose from coffee husk ranged from 8.58 to 10.33%, or an average of 9.25%. There was an increase in cellulose content after the delignification (42.69%), compared to the previous without delignification (17.31%), as well as a decrease in lignin content (18.65%). Further characterization using FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of a hydroxyl group (O-H) bound by a hydrogen bond at 3330.68 cm−1, indicating the main characteristics of cellulose. This research revealed the potency of robusta coffee husk waste as an alternative material source, offering dual benefits: mitigating waste management issues while providing added value to this often-overlooked byproduct. These findings could significantly contribute to the broader scope of sustainable materials and highlight the potential of agricultural waste as a critical player in the circular economy.
Are households willing to contribute financially to hazard mitigation? A lesson landslide-prone areas
Authors: Saptutyningsih Endah , Keswara Shalsabilla
Published: January 2025

This study examines household readiness to make financial contributions to reduce the risk of landslides, with a particular focus on Bantul, Indonesia, a location that frequently experiences these kinds of disasters. The average willingness to contribute (WTP) towards mitigating landslides was determined by analysing data from 358 homes using the Contingent Valuation approach. The results showed that households are willing to provide IDR 27,026 (USD 1.68) on average for this reason. WTP was found to be influenced by a number of sociodemographic factors. Factors such as age, gender, family size, income, and education level were all important. Furthermore, there was a correlation found between WTP levels and social capital elements including trust and involvement in community activities. Household willingness to make financial contributions was also influenced by where they lived in landslide-prone areas and how frequently landslides happened in the past. Policymakers and stakeholders in Bantul and other similar locations are advised to adopt a number of activities in light of these findings. Initially, it is important to create focused marketing and educational initiatives to increase public knowledge of the risks associated with landslides and the value of mitigating measures. Second, since social capital, trust, and community involvement all have a favorable effect on WTP, these programs ought to be given top priority. To guarantee ongoing household support, it is also essential to put in place equitable and open procedures for gathering and applying donations for landslide mitigation initiatives.
The use of RSCS and XRD to volcanic residual soil characterization concerning the environment and sustainable development. Case Study: West Lampung Transect Road, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Iqbal Prahara , Puswanto Eko
Published: January 2025

In Indonesia, residual soils, particularly volcanic residual soil, cover more than half of the land area. In general, this soil serves as a growth medium for numerous plants and infrastructure foundations. According to the researchers, numerous engineering difficulties, such as erosion, cracked soil, land subsidence, and landslides, are common in this type of soil. The West Lampung volcanic residual soil was characterized to learn about its physical and engineering features in terms of the environment and sustainable development. The examination of the fine-grained Revised Soil Classification System and X-ray Diffraction was employed in this investigation. The findings of the RSCS and XRD analyses show that there is variability in the volcanic residual soil. The rocks in the study area are volcanic breccias with tuff and glass volcanic components embedded in the tuff, sand, and clay matrix. The rock is deposited in hydrothermal alteration environment. There is evidence of hydrothermal alteration in the existence of geothermal manifestations around the study area, namely in Mt. Seminung, Suoh region, and Mt. Sekincau. Later, the volcanic residual soils are formed from the weathering of those rocks with a thickness of up to 20m. The soil in the study region is one of the salt-affected soils with dispersive features. The soil is low to high in plasticity and electrical sensitivity, and it comprises clay minerals with swelling-shrink capabilities. It may be inferred that the soils in the studied region require specific care if they are to be used for agriculture, plantations, or other purposes.
Identification planting index of rice using landsat and sentinel 2 time series images with geo-biophysics parameters as classification model base using Google Earth Engine (Study area: Serang Regency, Banten)
Authors: Munandar Sabbaha , Saputra Aditya , Dirgahayu Dede
Published: January 2025

The Limited rice field area is not a dead end that makes Indonesia surrender to the condition. In addition to harvest area and rice production data, planting index of rice (PIR) can assist the policymakers in food security planning. Rice fields with high PIR can be a guide, while rice fields with low PIR can be an object to develop. The classifier model with geo-biophysics parameters (EVI, NDWI, NDBI) is an advanced classification technique that can be used to generate PIR information from optical time series images. During land preparation, the rice fields typically show low EVI, high NDWI, and low NDBI. Rice EVI values continues to increase until the last vegetative stage or 60 days after planting. After that, rice fields will revert to low EVI, low NDWI and high NDBI. The start, end, middle, max, min, range and max position value are variables that represent patterns of EVI, NDWI and NDBI time series. The inclusion of Landsat 9 has significantly improved accuracy, resulting in 84%, whereas without Landsat 9, the accuracy remains at 64%. Furthermore, accuracy can be assessed by comparing the harvest area data from PIR conversion with the reported data from BPS. The comparisons are 8% for 2022, 7.9% for 2021 and 9.5% for 2020. Besides, both the BPS-reported data and this research indicate that the rice harvest area in Serang Regency had the highest figure in 2022 and the lowest figure in 2021. So it can be concluded, this research has yielded good results.
Preliminary evaluation of visitor willingness to pay for forest fire prevention in Bromo, Indonesia
Authors: Suhardono Sapta , Rahman Ari , Wayan Koko Suryawan I
Published: January 2025

This preliminary study examines the willingness of tourists to contribute financially to forest fire prevention in Bromo, Indonesia, a region frequently affected by forest fires that pose a risk to both its ecological health and tourism-driven economy. Employing the contingent valuation method, the research gathered data from 480 visitors regarding their willingness to pay (WTP) for implementing effective fire management strategies. The analysis explored how demographic factors such as gender, income, and type of tourist, along with perceptions about the effectiveness of current forest fire prevention measures, influence their WTP. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the data, identifying key predictors of WTP and their implications. Results highlighted that higher income levels and a strong perception of the effectiveness of early warning systems significantly influenced WTP. In contrast, factors like gender and perceived importance of green area development showed lesser impact. These insights provide valuable guidance for crafting targeted approaches to increase public funding for forest fire management, crucial for sustainable tourism and environmental preservation in Bromo.
Mapping and evaluating potential Italian traditional and Seawater Pumped Hydro Storage Plants: siltation impact and new GIS approaches
Authors: Alterach J. , Abbate A. , Volonterio M.
Published: January 2025

The development of a significant amount of economically and technically efficient storage infrastructure to enable the integration of non-programmable renewable energy sources into the electricity grid is essential to address challenges such as load balancing, frequency regulation and the need for flexible generation of energy reserves. Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) plants, a long tradition in Italy, can be a promising solution if new plants suitable for this purpose were to be built (traditional PHES and Seawater PHES plants). To investigate which possible actions can be concretely implemented a Geographic Information System (GIS) procedure was developed and applied across the entire Italian territory. This procedure was further refined using advanced GIS object-based image analysis software to pinpoint areas with ideal topographical features for constructing new reservoirs. An innovative method was used to consider the impacts of the present reservoir silting, which forms part of the potential PHES taking into account the average erodibility of the soils and the sediment contributions from the reservoir basin. All costs were estimated to propose a future plant economic indicator, which also considered siltation conditions. Finally, the most promising plants, identified using this indicator, were proposed. Following an initial screening of 574 currently existing reservoirs, 29 potential PHES were identified deemed suitable, based on considerations of cost/power ratio and siltation incidence. The total Italian potential installable power amounts to approximately 10 GW, with Sardinia emerging as a key region with 4 GW of potential capacity distributed across 11 selected sites. Concerning the Seawater PHES an enormous seawater pumped potential of approximately 20 GW, with 39 possible configurations with and specific cost value per unit of power lower than 2,5 M€/MW could be realized.
Unlocking Hydropower’s Potential: Retrofitting Infrastructure and Harnessing Unconventional Sources for Clean Energy Transitions
Authors: van Dijk Marco , Gezer Dogan , Rudolf Pavel
Published: January 2025

Hydropower holds a pivotal role within the water-energy nexus for facilitating the clean energy transition, particularly in unconventional and retrofit opportunities. As a renewable energy source, hydropower contributes to decarbonizing the energy sector while simultaneously supporting water management objectives. By integrating hydropower generation into existing infrastructure such as water supply systems, weirs, irrigation networks, and wastewater treatment facilities, synergies can be leveraged to optimize resource utilization and enhance system resilience. This further offers some options for diversifying the electricity mix and speeding up the clean energy transition. However, the complex interaction between water availability and energy production necessitates careful planning and adaptive strategies to mitigate risks associated with climate variability and changing demand patterns. Unlocking the potential of hydropower through these unconventional and retrofitting opportunities is thus instrumental in advancing sustainability goals and ensuring the success of clean energy transitions in the face of various challenges. By leveraging existing infrastructure and exploring innovative solutions, countries stand to significantly enhance its energy resilience and reduce its carbon footprint. Moreover, such initiatives align with broader international objectives, including the Paris Agreement’s vision of transitioning to a zero-emission society by 2050 and the European Union’s FIT for 55 targets. Under these considerations, this paper seeks to explore the potential of retrofitting existing infrastructure and harnessing unconventional hydropower sources with examples in Czechia, South Africa and Türkiye to address electricity shortages, mitigate carbon emissions, and contribute to the broader clean energy transition agenda. The insights gained from this analysis can inform policy frameworks, investment strategies, and technological innovations aimed at fostering sustainable energy practices.
Methods to prevent or mitigate total dissolved gas supersaturation in the waterways downstream hydropower plants
Authors: Kuhn W. Ludwig , Solemslie Bjørn Winther , Hihn Jean-Yves , Dahlhaug Ole Gunnar
Published: January 2025

Downstream hydropower plants, a change in water chemistry can lead to the occurrence of a widely unknown problem: total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation. It takes place when air is entrained in a water body and exposed to high pressures, which leads to gas dissolution in the water. Re-exposure to atmospheric pressure downstream the power plant results in TDG supersaturation. This is a potential danger for the aquatic environment living in these waters, as the increased saturation poses the risk of experiencing gas bubble disease (GBD). Studies about TDG supersaturation are found in North America (USA and Canada), China, Brazil, and Norway (minor studies include Austria, Germany, and Sweden). Yet, knowledge about the risk of the problem is not widespread, which leads to the repetition of mistakes. Moreover, shifting precipitation patterns induced by climate change are expected to lead to an increase in TDG supersaturation occurrences, as those are associated with flooding. An overview of methods to either prevent or mitigate the problem of TDG supersaturation downstream hydropower plants is presented and recent study results are disseminated. These include civil engineering, operational, and technical methods. Where hydropower plants are in a planning phase, this can contribute to preventing the occurrence of TDG supersaturation in the first place, while existing hydropower plants can implement different measures to reduce the risk of producing TDG supersaturation in the downstream waterways. This helps maintain the aquatic environment as well as local habitat for fish and invertebrates, and therefore counts towards hydropower taxonomy and increases social acceptance of hydropower.
Full fine-tuning strategy for endoscopic foundation models with expanded learnable offset parameters
Authors: Dong Minghan , Zheng Xiangwei , Zhang Xia , Zhang Xingyu , Zhang Mingzhe
Published: January 2025

In the medical field, endoscopic video analysis is crucial for disease diagnosis and minimally invasive surgery. The Endoscopic Foundation Models (Endo-FM) utilize large-scale self-supervised pre-training on endoscopic video data and leverage video transformer models to capture long-range spatiotemporal dependencies. However, detecting complex lesions such as gastrointestinal metaplasia (GIM) in endoscopic videos remains challenging due to unclear boundaries and indistinct features, and Endo-FM has not demonstrated good performance. To this end, we propose a fully fine-tuning strategy with an Extended Learnable Offset Parameter (ELOP), which improves model performance by introducing learnable offset parameters in the input space. Specifically, we propose a novel loss function that combines cross-entropy loss and focal loss through a weighted sum, enabling the model to better focus on hard-to-classify samples during training. We validated ELOP on a private GIM dataset from a local grade-A tertiary hospital and a public polyp detection dataset. Experimental results show that ELOP significantly improves the detection accuracy, achieving accuracy improvements of 6.25 % and 3.75%respectively compared to the original Endo-FM. In summary, ELOP provides an excellent solution for detecting complex lesions in endoscopic videos, achieving more precise diagnoses.
Adaptive circuit learning of born machine: towards realization of amplitude embedding and quantum data loading
Authors: Li Chun-Tse , Cheng Hao-Chung
Published: January 2025

Quantum data loading plays a central role in quantum algorithms and quantum information processing. Many quantum algorithms hinge on the ability to prepare arbitrary superposition states as a subroutine, with claims of exponential speedups often predicated on access to an efficient data-loading oracle. In practice, constructing a circuit to prepare a generic n-qubit quantum state typically demands computational efforts scaling as

O

(

2
n

)

, posing a significant challenge for quantum algorithms to outperform their classical counterparts. To address this critical issue, various hybrid quantum–classical approaches have been proposed. However, many of these solutions favor simplistic circuit architectures, which are susceptible to substantial optimization challenges. In this study, we harness quantum circuits as Born machines to generate probability distributions. Drawing inspiration from methods used to investigate electronic structures in quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics, we propose a framework called Adaptive Circuit Learning of Born Machine, which dynamically expands the ansatz circuit. Our algorithm is designed to selectively integrate two-qubit entangled gates that best capture the intricate entanglement present within the target state. Empirical experiments underscore the efficacy of our approach in encoding real-world data through amplitude embedding, demonstrating not only compliance with but also enhancement over the performance benchmarks set by prior research.
Drivers and challenges for wood-based construction in urban areas
Authors: Iliescu Oana , Amiri Ali , Junnila Seppo
Published: January 2025

Wood-based construction (WBC) has gained prominence as a sustainable alternative to traditional construction, offering significant environmental benefits such as carbon storage and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Its importance lies in its potential to contribute to climate change mitigation while supporting economic growth and innovation in the construction industry. Therefore, understanding the drivers and challenges of WBC is essential for its future development. This study, at the first stage, conducted a literature review to identify the key drivers and challenges associated with WBC, categorizing them into environmental, technical, economic, and perception and policy aspects. Then, based on these findings, we conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with WBC experts from Finland in the construction industry, public administration and academia to compare theoretical perspectives with practical insights. Results revealed that literature often focuses on matters such as life-cycle assessments, policy development, and renewable resource management. On the other hand, interviewees emphasize practical concerns like technical feasibility, economic viability, and client perceptions. Climate considerations are acknowledged by interview participants as important but are often viewed as external expectations rather than core business drivers. This study highlights the gap between academic research and industry practice.
Mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus release from heavily polluted coastal sediments and identification of influencing factor
Authors: Hu Nana , Sheng Yanqing , Tang Qi , Liu Xiaozhu
Published: January 2025

The release of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from coastal sediments is vital to the evolution of coastal water quality. In this study, the release of N and P from coastal sediments in a heavily polluted river was studied using single-factor experiments and sequential extraction of N and P from sediments. The experimental results showed that N and P from the coastal river sediments reached the release-absorption equilibrium after the 42nd and 14th day, respectively. The release of N and P from heavily polluted river sediments in coastal zones is affected by resuspension, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. The results showed that resuspension had the greatest impact on the release of N and P from heavily contaminated coastal river sediments into the overlying water. In addition, the release of P, NO3
− and NO2
− from sediments is most sensitive to changes in temperature, while the release of total N and NH4
+ is most sensitive to changes in salinity. Unlike in lake sediments, high dissolved oxygen concentrations inhibit the release of NH4
+ from extensively contaminated coastal sediments. Ion-exchangeable forms of N and inorganic P are the most susceptible to release from external environmental factors. These findings will aid in the management and control of heavily polluted coastal rivers.