bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Pricing Strategy and Profit-Distribution Mechanism of Green and Low-Carbon Agricultural Products’ Traceability Supply Chain
Authors: Jiang Jinde , Jiang Shuhua , Xu Guoyin , Li Jing
Published: March 2024

In agricultural production, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are being used in large quantities; the residues of these substances have some negative impact on the quality of agricultural products and soil, and they produce a large amount of carbon emissions. Green agricultural products are popular for their low carbon, quality, and safety, and they flow from the production side to consumers through a traceable supply chain. Therefore, ensuring the reliable and stable operation of the traceable supply chain for green, low-carbon agricultural products is an important issue. In view of the difficulty of obtaining information in previous coordination mechanisms in multi-person cooperative games, this article proposes an optimal pricing decision and constructs a profit-distribution model based on an improved Raiffa value to make the profit-distribution mechanism more conducive to the stability and sustainable development of the supply chain, and empirical analysis was carried out. The empirical analysis shows the following: (1) The centralized decision-making selling price of green and low-carbon agricultural products based on the quantitative cost–benefit analysis and demand function can realize the optimal profit of the supply chain. (2) Using the improved Raiffa value, considering the investment cost and risk to allocate the optimal profit of centralized decision-making, optimizes the profit distribution of supply chain members and overcomes the problem of the difficulty in acquiring information in multi-player cooperative games. (3) For investment costs and risks, the corresponding profit-distribution adjustment value weight vector can be obtained using the AHP; for risks that are difficult to quantify, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the risk-factor-based method can be used to determine the risk coefficient of each member of the supply chain. The optimized profit-distribution mechanism of supply chain members is more reasonable than decentralized decision-making, which has a significant reference for promoting the sustainable development of a traceable supply chain of green and low-carbon agricultural products.
Dual Quaternion Matrix Equation AXB = C with Applications
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Qing-Wen , Xie Lv-Ming
Published: March 2024

Dual quaternions have wide applications in automatic differentiation, computer graphics, mechanics, and others. Due to its application in control theory, matrix equation AXB=C has been extensively studied. However, there is currently limited information on matrix equation AXB=C regarding the dual quaternion algebra. In this paper, we provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of dual quaternion matrix equation AXB=C, and present the expression for the general solution when it is solvable. As an application, we derive the ϕ-Hermitian solutions for dual quaternion matrix equation AXAϕ=C, where the ϕ-Hermitian extends the concepts of Hermiticity and η-Hermiticity. Lastly, we present a numerical example to verify the main research results of this paper.
Real-Life Treatment Outcome of Botulinum Toxin A Injection on Overactive Bladder and Voiding Dysfunction in Patients with Central Nervous System Lesions
Authors: Jiang Yuan-Hong , Jhang Jia-Fong , Chen Sheng-Fu , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is common in patients with neurological lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). Medical treatment usually cannot adequately relieve NLUTD. This study reported the real-life treatment outcome of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) for overactive bladders (OAB) and voiding dysfunction in patients with CNS lesions. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the first-time treatment outcome of 74 patients who received detrusor 100 U BoNT-A for OAB and 45 patients who received a urethral sphincter 100 U BoNT-A injection for voiding dysfunction. The treatment outcome, therapeutic duration, and adverse events (AE) after BoNT-A were compared among different CNS lesions and among patients with different urodynamic characteristics. Results: The study included 74 patients receiving detrusor injections for OAB (36 with cerebrovascular accidents, 13 with Parkinson’s disease, and 25 with dementia) and 45 patients receiving a urethral sphincter injection for voiding dysfunction (26 with cerebrovascular accidents, 7 with Parkinson’s disease, and 12 with dementia). After detrusor BoNT-A treatment, urinary continence was achieved in 28.4% of patients with neurogenic OAB, postoperative difficult urination in 59.5%, acute urinary retention (AUR) in 9.5%, and urinary tract infection (UTI) in 14.9%, with a therapeutic duration of 6.43 months. There were no differences among subgroups or between patients with detrusor overactivity (DO) and DO with detrusor underactivity (DU) in terms of treatment outcomes and AEs. The improvement rate of urethral sphincter BoNT-A injections was 75.6% without any difference among subgroups. After treatment, 24.4% of the patients had exacerbated urinary incontinence, 33.3% had persistent difficult urination, and 15.6% had UTI. Patients with dementia had higher rates of difficult urination and UTI, higher postvoid residual volume, and a shorter therapeutic duration. Patients with DU and those without urethral sphincter dyssynergia had less favorable outcomes after their urethral sphincter BoNT-A injection. Conclusions: The therapeutic efficacy of detrusor BoNT-A injection for OAB due to CNS lesions is limited, with high rates of difficult urination, AUR, and UTI. Although urethral sphincter BoNT-A injection is effective in treating voiding dysfunction; however, exacerbated urinary incontinence and persistent difficult urination remain a problem, particularly in patients with dementia.
One-Step Affinity Purification of Leucine-Rich α2-Glycoproteins from Snake Sera and Characterization of Their Phospholipase A2-Inhibitory Activities as β-Type Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors
Authors: Shirai Ryoichi , Shibata Kana , Fujii Shinobu , Fukunaga Rikiro , Inoue Seiji
Published: March 2024

Snakes contain three types of phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-inhibitory proteins in their blood, PLIα, β, and γ, which protect them from their own venom, PLA2. PLIβ is the snake ortholog of leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein (LRG). Since autologous cytochrome c (Cyt c) serves as an endogenous ligand for LRG, in this study, we purified snake LRGs from various snake serum samples using Cyt c affinity chromatography. All purified snake LRGs were found to be dimers linked by disulfide bonds. Laticauda semifasciata and Naja kaouthia LRGs showed no inhibitory activity against L. semifasciata PLA2 and weak inhibitory activity against Gloydius brevicauda basic PLA2. Elaphe climacophora PLIβ had weaker inhibitory activity against G. brevicauda basic PLA2 than G. brevicauda and Elaphe quadrivirgata PLIs, which are abundant in blood and known to neutralize G. brevicauda basic PLA2. Protobothrops flavoviridis LRG showed no inhibitory activity against basic venom PLA2, PL-X, or G. brevicauda basic PLA2. Binding analysis of P. flavoviridis LRG using surface plasmon resonance showed very strong binding to snake Cyt c, followed by that to horse Cyt c, weak binding to yeast Cyt c, and no binding to P. flavoviridis PL-X or BPI/II. We also deduced the amino acid sequences of L. semifasciata and P. flavoviridis LRG by means of cDNA sequencing and compared them with those of other known sequences of PLIs and LRGs. This study concluded that snake LRG can potentially inhibit basic PLA2, but, whether it actually functions as a PLA2-inhibitory protein, PLIβ, depends on the snake.
The Toxicokinetics, Excretion Patterns, and Milk Transmission of Ochratoxin A in Lactating Sows
Authors: Zhu Qiufeng , Qu Honglei , Kang Ruifen , Zheng Yunduo , Guo Qiuying , Huang Shimeng , Zhao Lihong , Ma Qiugang
Published: March 2024

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin commonly found in feedstuffs, is known for its detrimental effects on the kidneys and liver, posing significant health risks to animals and humans. This study investigated the toxicokinetics, excretion patterns, and milk transmission of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in lactating sows. The sows were administered a single oral dose of 500 μg/kg BW (body weight), followed by the systematic sampling of plasma, feces, urine, and milk. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 5, 15, and 30 min, and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 88, 96, and 120 h post administration. Feces samples were collected at 6 h intervals for the first 12 h, then at 12 h intervals until 120 h, while urine samples were collected at 6 h intervals up to 120 h. Milk samples were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. The concentration of OTA and its primary metabolite OTα were quantitatively analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results revealed that the peak plasma concentrations of OTA (920.25 ± 88.46 μg/L) were observed at 9 h following administration. The terminal elimination half-life was recorded at 78.47 ± 7.68 h, with a volume of distribution of 0.16 ± 0.003 L/kg. Moreover, this study documented the excretion of OTA and OTα across a span of 120 h, revealing that feces and urine accounted for 18.70 ± 0.04% and 8.40 ± 0.002% of the total intake amounts, respectively (calculated based on substance amounts). Furthermore, this experiment detected OTA residues in the milk of lactating sows, with the milk-to-plasma (M/P) ratio initially increasing from 0.06 to 0.46 within the first 24 h following OTA ingestion. These findings offer an exhaustive temporal analysis of OTA’s toxicokinetics in lactating sows, emphasizing its pervasive distribution and elimination through various bodily excreta.
Detection of Anatoxins in Human Urine by Liquid Chromatography Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry and ELISA
Authors: Cunningham Brady R. , Lagon Sarah R. , Bragg William A. , Hill Donna , Hamelin Elizabeth I.
Published: March 2024

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are becoming more common and persistent around the world. When in bloom, various cyanobacterial strains can produce anatoxins in high concentrations, which, unlike other cyanobacterial toxins, may be present in clear water. Potential human and animal exposures to anatoxins occur mainly through unintentional ingestion of contaminated algal mats and water. To address this public health threat, we developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method to detect anatoxins in human urine to confirm exposures. Pooled urine was fortified with anatoxin-a and dihydroanatoxin at concentrations from 10.0 to 500 ng/mL to create calibrators and quality control samples. Samples were diluted with isotopically labeled anatoxin and solvent prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. This method can accurately quantitate anatoxin-a with inter- and intraday accuracies ranging from 98.5 to 103% and relative standard deviations < 15%, which is within analytical guidelines for mass spectrometry methods. Additionally, this method qualitatively detects a common degradation product of anatoxin, dihydroanatoxin, above 10 ng/mL. We also evaluated a commercial anatoxin-a ELISA kit for potential diagnostic use; however, numerous false positives were detected from unexposed individual human urine samples. In conclusion, we have developed a method to detect anatoxins precisely and accurately in urine samples, addressing a public health area of concern, which can be applied to future exposure events.
Unveiling the Emission and Variation Mechanism of Mrk 501: Using the Multi-Wavelength Data at Different Time Scale
Authors: Liu Lizhi , Jiang Yunguo , Deng Junhao , Chen Zhaohao , Ma Chenli
Published: March 2024

Variability study at multi-frequency provides us with rich information of the emission and variation mechanism for blazars. In this work, we present a comprehensive multi-frequency analysis of the high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) blazar Mrk 501, using γ-ray, X-ray, optical, optical polarization, and radio data. The multiple-wavelength light curves are analyzed by using the localized cross-correlation function to derive locations of their emitting regions. The X-ray, γ-ray, and optical emitting regions are found to be upstream of the radio core region, while the X-ray and γ-ray emitting regions likely coincide. We studied the variation behaviors for three long-term (years), five relatively short-term (months) periods. We find a positive correlation between the optical and X-ray fluxes, and conclude that the variable of Doppler factor is not favored for the one-zone SSC scenario. The study also identifies the existence of a soft γ-ray background in the low-activity state, which could be explained by the spine/layer jet model. Our study on Mrk 501 provides valuable insights to understand the emission processes and variation mechanism for HSP blazars.
CD8+ T Cells Mediate Lethal Lung Pathology in the Absence of PD-L1 and Type I Interferon Signalling following LCMV Infection
Authors: Spiteri Alanna G. , Suprunenko Tamara , Cutts Erin , Suen Andrew , Ashhurst Thomas M. , Viengkhou Barney , King Nicholas J. C. , Hofer Markus J.
Published: March 2024

CD8+ T cells are critical to the adaptive immune response against viral pathogens. However, overwhelming antigen exposure can result in their exhaustion, characterised by reduced effector function, failure to clear virus, and the upregulation of inhibitory receptors, including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). However, exhausted T cell responses can be “re-invigorated” by inhibiting PD-1 or the primary ligand of PD-1: PD-L1. Further, the absence of the type I interferon receptor IFNAR1 also results in T cell exhaustion and virus persistence in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong (LCMV-Arm)-infected mice. In this study, utilizing single- and double-knockout mice, we aimed to determine whether ablation of PD-1 could restore T cell functionality in the absence of IFNAR1 signalling in LCMV-Arm-infected mice. Surprisingly, this did not re-invigorate the T cell response and instead, it converted chronic LCMV-Arm infection into a lethal disease characterized by severe lung inflammation with an infiltration of neutrophils and T cells. Depletion of CD8+ T cells, but not neutrophils, rescued mice from lethal disease, demonstrating that IFNAR1 is required to prevent T cell exhaustion and virus persistence in LCMV-Arm infection, and in the absence of IFNAR1, PD-L1 is required for survival. This reveals an important interplay between IFNAR1 and PD-L1 with implications for therapeutics targeting these pathways.
Characterization of the RNA Mycovirome Associated with Grapevine Fungal Pathogens: Analysis of Mycovirus Distribution and Their Genetic Variability within a Collection of Botryosphaeriaceae Isolates
Authors: Comont Gwenaëlle , Faure Chantal , Candresse Thierry , Laurens Marie , Valière Sophie , Lluch Jérôme , Lefebvre Marie , Gambier Sébastien , Jolivet Jérôme , Corio-Costet Marie-France , Marais Armelle
Published: March 2024

Botryosphaeriaceae are fungi involved in the decay of various woody species, including the grapevine, leading to significant production losses. This fungal family is largely ubiquitous, and seven species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been identified in French vineyards, with variable levels of aggressiveness, both in vitro and in planta. Mycoviruses can impact the life traits of their fungal hosts, including aggressiveness, and are one of the factors influencing fungal pathogenicity. In this study, the RNA mycovirome of fifteen Botryosphaeriaceae isolates was characterized through the high-throughput sequencing of double-stranded RNA preparations from the respective samples. Eight mycoviruses were detected, including three potential novel species in the Narnaviridae family, as well as in the proposed Mycobunyaviridae and Fusagraviridae families. A large collection of Botryosphaeriaceae isolates was screened using RT-PCR assays specific for 20 Botryosphaeriaceae-infecting mycoviruses. Among the mycoviruses detected, some appeared to be specialists within a single host species, while others infected isolates belonging to multiple Botryosphaeriaceae species. This screening allowed us to conclude that one-third of the Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were infected by at least one mycovirus, and a significant proportion of isolates (43.5%) were found to be coinfected by several viruses, with very complex RNA mycoviromes for some N. parvum isolates.
mRNA-Based Vaccines Are Highly Immunogenic and Confer Protection in the Gnotobiotic Pig Model of Human Rotavirus Diarrhea
Authors: Hensley Casey , Roier Sandro , Zhou Peng , Schnur Sofia , Nyblade Charlotte , Parreno Viviana , Frazier Annie , Frazier Maggie , Kiley Kelsey , O’Brien Samantha , Liang Yu , Mayer Bryan T. , Wu Ruizhe , Mahoney Celia , McNeal Monica M. , Petsch Benjamin , Rauch Susanne , Yuan Lijuan
Published: March 2024

Human rotavirus (HRV) is still a leading cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis globally, particularly in infants and children. Previously, we demonstrated the immunogenicity of mRNA-based HRV vaccine candidates expressing the viral spike protein VP8* in rodent models. In the present study, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two mRNA-based HRV trivalent vaccine candidates, encoding VP8* of the genotypes P[8], P[6], or P[4], in the gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of Wa (G1P[8]) HRV infection and diarrhea. Vaccines either encoded VP8* alone fused to the universal T-cell epitope P2 (P2-VP8*) or expressed P2-VP8* as a fusion protein with lumazine synthase (LS-P2-VP8*) to allow the formation and secretion of protein particles that present VP8* on their surface. Gn pigs were randomly assigned into groups and immunized three times with either P2-VP8* (30 µg) or LS-P2-VP8* (30 µg or 12 µg). A trivalent alum-adjuvanted P2-VP8* protein vaccine or an LNP-formulated irrelevant mRNA vaccine served as the positive and negative control, respectively. Upon challenge with virulent Wa HRV, a significantly shortened duration and decreased severity of diarrhea and significant protection from virus shedding was induced by both mRNA vaccine candidates compared to the negative control. Both LS-P2-VP8* doses induced significantly higher VP8*-specific IgG antibody titers in the serum after immunizations than the negative as well as the protein control. The P[8] VP8*-specific IgG antibody-secreting cells in the ileum, spleen, and blood seven days post-challenge, as well as VP8*-specific IFN-γ-producing T-cell numbers increased in all three mRNA-vaccinated pig groups compared to the negative control. Overall, there was a clear tendency towards improved responses in LS-P2-VP8* compared to the P2-VP8*mRNA vaccine. The demonstrated strong humoral immune responses, priming for effector T cells, and the significant reduction of viral shedding and duration of diarrhea in Gn pigs provide a promising proof of concept and may provide guidance for the further development of mRNA-based rotavirus vaccines.
Insights from Real-World Practice: The Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Vaccinations in a Large German Multiple Sclerosis Cohort
Authors: Inojosa Hernan , Schriefer Dirk , Atta Yassin , Dillenseger Anja , Proschmann Undine , Schleußner Katharina , Woopen Christina , Ziemssen Tjalf , Akgün Katja
Published: March 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic profoundly impacted people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Disease-related aspects and demographic factors may influence vaccination rates, infection susceptibility, and severity. Despite prior research, comprehensive real-world data obtained throughout the pandemic remain limited. We investigated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection patterns in a large monocentric real-world cohort. We collected prospective data from medical visits at the MS Center Dresden, Germany, from the pandemic’s beginning until 31 May 2022. Logistic regression and rank correlation analyses were used to explore associations between SARS-CoV-2 outcomes and patient characteristics. Of 2115 pwMS assessed (mean age 46.5, SD ± 12.9; median expanded disability status scale 2.5), 77.9% were under disease-modifying treatment (DMT), primarily B-cell depletion (25.4%). A total of 35.5% reported SARS-CoV-2 infections, and 77.4% were fully vaccinated. PwMS with increased disability, older age, and comorbidities were associated with higher vaccination rates, possibly due to the awareness of these populations regarding complications of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Infections were more common in younger females, people with a lower degree of disability, those with relapsing MS, and those who were not vaccinated. PwMS on B-cell depletion reported more infections than untreated pwMS and those receiving other types of disease-modifying therapy, despite higher vaccination rates. Most infections were mild, with no severity differences according to demographic or disease-related factors, except for gender. Notably, all fatal cases occurred in unvaccinated pwMS. Our studies suggest that demographic and disease-related factors, especially age and the use of B-cell depletion, significantly influenced SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection rates in our cohort. These factors may be considered in future preventive campaigns in further pandemics.
Toward a SARS-CoV-2 VLP Vaccine: HBc/G as a Carrier for SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBM and Nucleocapsid Protein-Derived Peptides
Authors: Petrovskis Ivars , Skrastina Dace , Jansons Juris , Dislers Andris , Bogans Janis , Spunde Karina , Neprjakhina Anastasija , Zakova Jelena , Zajakina Anna , Sominskaya Irina
Published: March 2024

Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer an attractive possibility for the development of vaccines. Recombinant core antigen (HBc) of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was expressed in different systems, and the E. coli expression system was shown to be effective for the production of HBc VLPs. Here, we used HBc of the HBV genotype G (HBc/G) as a technologically promising VLP carrier for the presentation of spike RBM and nucleocapsid protein-derived peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant for subsequent immunological evaluations of obtained fusion proteins. The major immunodominant region (MIR) of the HBc/G protein was modified through the insertion of a receptor binding motif (RBM) from the S protein or B-cell epitope-containing peptide from the N protein. The C-terminus of the two truncated HBc/G proteins was used for the insertion of a group of five cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes from the N protein. After expression in E. coli, the MIR-derived proteins were found to be insoluble and were recovered through step-wise solubilization with urea, followed by refolding. Despite the lack of correct VLPs, the chimeric proteins induced high levels of antibodies in BALB/c mice. These antibodies specifically recognized either eukaryotically expressed hRBD or bacterially expressed N protein (2–220) of SARS-CoV-2. CTL-epitope-containing proteins were purified as VLPs. The production of cytokines was analyzed through flow cytometry after stimulation of T-cells with target CTL peptides. Only a protein with a deleted polyarginine (PA) domain was able to induce the specific activation of T-cells. At the same time, the T-cell response against the carrier HBc/G protein was detected for both proteins. The neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped murine retrovirus with anti-HBc/G-RBM sera was found to be low.
Operational Mode for Water–Sediment Regulation in Plain-Type Sand-Laden Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Haibowan Reservoir
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Wang Kezhi , Liu Tingxi , Wang Wenguang
Published: March 2024

Excessive sedimentation in sand-laden rivers significantly hinders the normal operation and overall effectiveness of reservoirs. This is observed particularly in plain-type sand-laden reservoirs where weak hydraulic conditions in the reservoir area contribute to sediment deposition. Water–sediment regulation is essential in reducing sedimentation and prolonging the lifespan of such reservoirs. Taking the plain-type reservoir of the primary stream of the Yellow River—Haibowan Reservoir as an example, based on a two-dimensional shallow water equation, a two-dimensional mathematical model of water and sediment in the reservoir area is established, the corresponding boundary conditions are improved, and the reliability of the model is verified. Under the premise of ensuring the flood control safety of the reservoir dam, considering the impact on the power generation of the reservoir and the downstream river, and maintaining the long-term large effective storage capacity of the reservoir as the basic principle, the water–sediment regulation scheme is proposed. A two-dimensional kinetic model of sediment transport and representative water–sediment series are employed to simulate the erosion and sedimentation processes in the reservoir under different schemes. The optimisation and comparison of multiple schemes reveal that the sediment-flushing scheme, which lowers the water level to 1072 m above sea level when the inflow discharge is 1500–2760 m3/s and inflow sediment concentration is 5–10 kg/m3, can yield an effective reservoir capacity of 97 million m3 and an average annual hydropower generation of 389.5 million kWh after 15 years of operation. This scheme outperforms the existing sediment-flushing scheme and is recommended as an optimised approach for water–sediment regulation in reservoirs. The results of this study provide technical support for the application of water–sediment regulation in the Haibowan Reservoir and may be useful in the exploration and management of water–sediment regulation for plain-type reservoirs on sand-laden rivers.
Response of Land Surface Temperature to Heatwave-Induced Bio-Geophysical Changes in Tropical Forests on Hainan Island from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Li Yunshuai , Shao Xinyuan , Wu Zhixiang , Sun Zhongyi , Li Mingzhe , Jiang Lingxiu , Xian Yuanhong , Wang Peng
Published: March 2024

Land surface temperature plays an important role in the water cycle and surface energy balance. Using data collected by a vorticity covariance tower from 2010 to 2022, the relative threshold method and TRM method were employed to study the land–atmosphere exchange of water and the heat flux of rubber forest ecosystems under heatwave and non-heatwave conditions. The results show that the latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, and incoming and outgoing radiation increase from non-heatwave to heatwave conditions. In addition, the multi-year average LST was 6.7 °C higher under HW conditions than under non-HW conditions at the 99% confidence level. Further attribution analysis demonstrates that heatwave-induced land surface temperature change is mainly governed by atmospheric factors rather than by land surface factors. Specifically, radiative forcing shows the largest positive contribution, which is partly offset by the negative contributions of air temperature and relative humidity. In particular, the contributions of radiative forcing, air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure to LST were 14.70 K, −4.76 K, −5.86 K, and −0.04 K, respectively. Moreover, surface resistance contributed to LST by 2.42 K, aerodynamic resistance by −0.23 K, and soil heat flux by −0.91 K.
A Transdisciplinary Approach and Design Thinking Methodology: For Applications to Complex Problems and Energy Transition
Authors: Ozsoy Canan M. , Mengüç M. Pinar
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we outline a transdisciplinary approach and design thinking methodology (TADTM) to tackle complex problems. Our premise is that these problems need a fundamental understanding of technological solutions and those for human interactions, business operations, financing, socioeconomic governance, legislation, and regulations. They must be approached by different decisionmakers from different disciplines to establish seamless interactions and structured teamwork. In this regard, we emphasize the need for a transdisciplinary framework that accounts for personal preferences based on human behavior as well as the traditional interdisciplinary frameworks. To test and prove our hypothesis, three case studies are discussed. Case Study 1 is based on our studies at a major medical establishment, and Case Study 2 is about the integrated engineering and architecture approach we used at our university campus. Case Study 3 is based on an ongoing project to lead industrial corporations to change their energy policies with practical energy efficiency measures and by adapting renewable/alternative energy adaptations for their operations. Developing creative solutions and strategies to decrease atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions requires such an energy transition framework and should involve every person, company, entity, and all governments. It can only be achieved with efforts on both local and global levels, which needs to convince (a) industries to change their traditional operation modalities, (b) people to alter their consumption behaviors, and (c) governments to change their rules, regulations, and incentives. The complexity and magnitude of this enormous task demand the coordination and collaboration of all stakeholders, as well as the need for technological innovations.
Interventions to improve medication adherence in adults with mental–physical multimorbidity in primary care: a systematic review
Authors: Lammila-Escalera Elena , Greenfield Geva , Pan Ziyang , Nicholls Dasha , Majeed Azeem , Hayhoe Benedict
Published: March 2024

Background

Medication non-adherence is a notable contributor to healthcare inefficiency, resulting in poor medication management, impaired patient outcomes, and ineffective symptom control.

Aim

To summarise interventions targeting medication adherence for adults with mental–physical multimorbidity in primary healthcare settings.

Design and setting

A systematic review of the literature — published in any language and with any country of origin — was conducted.

Method

MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature — more commonly known as CINAHL — were searched for relevant studies. Data were extracted and synthesised using narrative synthesis. The Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) taxonomy was used to classify intervention types. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s quality assessment tool for controlled intervention studies.

Results

Eleven studies, representing 2279 patients, were included. All interventions examined were classified into one EPOC domain, namely ‘delivery arrangements’. All included studies examined patients who had a physical condition and depression. Seven studies examining interventions focused on coordination of care and management of care processes reported statistically significant improvements in medication adherence that were attributed to the intervention. Four studies considering the use of information and communication technology observed no changes in medication adherence.

Conclusion

Interventions that coordinate and manage healthcare processes may help improve patients’ adherence to medication regimes in those with mental–physical multimorbidity. However, it is still necessary to better understand how digital health technology can support patients in following their medication regimes. As the growing challenges of treating multimorbidity are faced, everyone involved in health services — from providers to policymakers — must be receptive to a more integrated approach to healthcare delivery.
Information needs for GPs on type 2 diabetes in Western countries: a systematic review
Authors: Andersen Tue Helms , Marcussen Thomas Møller , Nørgaard Ole
Published: March 2024

Background

Most people with type 2 diabetes receive treatment in primary care by GPs who are not specialised in diabetes. Thus, it is important to uncover the most essential information needs regarding type 2 diabetes in general practice.

Aim

To identify information needs related to type 2 diabetes for GPs.

Design and setting

Systematic review focused on literature relating to Western countries.

Method

MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL were searched from inception to January 2024. Two researchers conducted the selection process, and citation searches were performed to identify any relevant articles missed by the database search. Quality appraisal was conducted with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Meaning units were coded individually, grouped into categories, and then studies were summarised within the context of these categories using narrative synthesis. An evidence map was created to highlight research gaps.

Results

Thirty-nine included studies revealed eight main categories and 36 subcategories of information needs. Categories were organised into a comprehensive hierarchical model of information needs, suggesting ‘Knowledge of guidelines’ and ‘Reasons for referral’ as general information needs alongside more specific needs on ‘Medication’, ‘Management’, ‘Complications’, ‘Diagnosis’, ‘Risk factors’, and ‘Screening for diabetes’. The evidence map provides readers with the opportunity to explore the characteristics of the included studies in detail.

Conclusion

This systematic review provides GPs, policymakers, and researchers with a hierarchical model of information and educational needs for GPs, and an evidence map showing gaps in the current literature. Information needs about clinical guidelines and reasons for referral to specialised care overlapped with needs for more specific information.
Análise bibliométrica sobre o papel da gestão de riscos nos programas de compliance com o advento da ISO 37301:2021
Authors: Rampini Gabriel Henrique Silva , De Moraes Ana Claudia Consani , Kasai Mario Yoshiro , Berssaneti Fernando Tobal
Published: March 2024

Os estudos sobre compliance ao longo do tempo crescem em importância tanto no mundo acadêmico quanto no mundo empresarial. O que antes era tratado de forma isolada, atualmente é essencial para a sobrevivência de uma organização. Assim, as partes que compõem os processos de compliance das instituições devem ser estudadas de forma contínua visando a otimização de todo o processo. Neste contexto, a gestão de riscos, que apesar de possuir um conjunto de diretrizes e enquadramentos, tem uma aplicação incipiente no contexto do sistema de compliance, e não desempenha um papel relevante na implantação do processo. Porém, a recente ISO 37301:2021, que apresenta requisitos para implantação do programa de compliance possui elementos diretamente relacionados à gestão de riscos. Portanto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um perfil das publicações acadêmicas que relacionam a gestão de riscos e o compliance, e identificar a existência de outros temas relacionados à gestão das organizações. Para atingir o objetivo foi realizada uma análise descritiva com amostras de documentos pertencentes à Web of Science Core Collection e à base de dados Scopus. Após as análises foi possível identificar a evolução consistente das publicações, diversidade de periódicos interessados ​​no assunto, interdisciplinaridade entre o compliance e a gestão de riscos e por fim a relevância dos temas relacionados à sustentabilidade, por meio das áreas ambientais e sociais.
Sensitivity of a tapered fiber optic displacement sensor with S-shaped structure
Authors: Leiva Luis Alberto Mosquera , Carrillo Ana Victoria Torre , Pinao Ladislao Jesús Basurto
Published: March 2024

We present and analyze the transmittance characteristics of displacement sensors based on S-curved and tapered single-mode optical fibers. We compare the sensitivity of the S-curved tapered fiber sensor, with respect to the sensitivity of the tapered fiber without prior curvature. The results show sensitivities of up to 192 pm / µm for the S-type sensors relative to sensitivities of the order of 100 pm / µm for the simply tapered sensors.
Atuação fonoaudiológica em paciente vítima de ferimento por arma de fogo na cavidade oral e região cervical: relato de caso
Authors: Pinheiro Joana de Azevedo , Soares Letícia Barreto Ramos , Dos Santos Alef Morais , Albuquerque Junior Jose Wilson de Araújo , Torres Elder Nayan de Jesus
Published: March 2024

Introdução: a disfagia é um sintoma que indica comprometimento na deglutição ocasionado por diversos fatores, entre eles: trauma em região da cabeça e pescoço e intubação orotraqueal prolongada. O tratamento das alterações da deglutição deve envolver uma equipe multidisciplinar. O objetivo foi descrever a atuação fonoaudiológica em paciente vítima de ferimento por arma de fogo na cavidade oral e região cervical. Apresentação do caso: Paciente, sexo feminino, deu entrada no hospital, diagnosticada com trauma de face, passou por procedimento cirúrgico, necessitou de ventilação mecânica invasiva, uso via alternativa de alimentação e traqueostomia. Resultados:  Paciente passou por avaliação e intervenção fonoaudiológica para definição de via respiratória em equipe, e definição da via de alimentação. Discussão: dentre as etapas mais importantes no processo de decanulação, destacam-se desinsuflação do cuff; permeabilidade de vias aéreas, avaliação da deglutição, gerenciamento das secreções e treino de oclusão da traqueostomia e que o fonoaudiólogo é o profissional responsável em avaliar e reabilitar as funções estomatognáticas, reduzindo ao máximo o tempo de uso das vias alternativas de alimentação. Conclusão: Proporcionou mais informações sobre a atuação e técnicas fonoaudiológicas, no desmame de dispositivos, em pacientes com trauma de face.
Perfil dos acidentes de trabalho no Brasil entre os anos de 2006 e 2022: um estudo ecológico
Authors: Kammoun Nicole de Almeida Castro , Carmona Regina Tavares , Silva Camila Moreira , Barbosa João de Sousa Pinheiro
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Observar a epidemiologia e as principais causas de acidentes de trabalho no Brasil e explorar dados sobre mortalidade provocadas pelos acidentes de trabalho. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico ecológico sobre o perfil de acidentes de trabalho no Brasil entre 2006 e 2022 com dados obtidos pela base de dados do Sistema de Notificação Nacional. Foram analisadas as variáveis faixa etária, sexo, cor de pele, emissão de Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho, presença de gestação e necessidade de atendimento médico. Resultados: O Brasil é um dos países com maior quantidade de acidentes de trabalho. A maioria dos acidentes de trabalho ocorreram em homens brancos com mais de 30 anos. A maioria das notificações exigiram atendimento médico, sendo que a área com maior necessidade em tal atendimento foram trabalhadores da construção civil. A região do Brasil com maior quantidade de notificação foi o Sudeste. Conclusão: Acidente de trabalho é um problema de saúde pública que afeta diversos trabalhadores brasileiros e, assim, é fundamental definir o perfil epidemiológico dos envolvidos nos acidentes de trabalho. Entendemos que este trabalho apresenta limitações envolvendo o preenchimento das fichas de notificação.
Neurobiologia dos transtornos de ansiedade
Authors: Suzigan Mariana Silva , Santos Luciano da Ressurreição , Rosa Sophia Antunes , Caldas Erika Rodrigues , De Araújo Breno Marçal , Caixeta Flávia de Castro , Da Silva Alessandra Amintas , Ferreira Maíra Valle
Published: March 2024

A ansiedade é um sentimento fisiológico do ser humano, que está associado às situações que envolvem expectativas. No entanto, quando a ansiedade está associada a sintomas crônicos e excessivos como preocupação, medo, esquiva e, inclusive às crises ansiogênicas, reduzindo a qualidade de vida do indivíduo, é um transtorno psiquiátrico que, em conjunto, denomina-se de transtornos de ansiedade. O DSM-V define critérios de diagnósticos para os transtornos de ansiedade e, através desses critérios, é possível identificar os seguintes: transtorno de ansiedade de separação, mutismo seletivo, fobia específica, transtorno de ansiedade social (fobia social), transtorno de pânico, agorafobia, transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG), transtorno de ansiedade induzido por substância e transtorno de ansiedade devido a outra condição médica. A prevalência desses transtornos é maior em mulheres e pode se estender por toda vida. Se não tratado, esses transtornos podem evoluir para transtornos do humor, como, por exemplo, o transtorno depressivo maior. O TAG é o transtorno de ansiedade mais prevalente na população, causa diversos sintomas físicos e psicológicos, causando sofrimento clinicamente significativo ou prejuízo no funcionamento social, profissional ou em outras esferas importantes da vida do indivíduo. Os principais tratamentos utilizados para os transtornos de ansiedade envolvem psicoterapias – como a terapia cognitivo comportamental, que possui alta eficácia no tratamento desses transtornos – e farmacoterapias, sendo os medicamentos de primeira escolha no tratamento de manutenção, os inibidores seletivos da recaptação de serotonina.
Perfil e prevalência da hanseníase no Nordeste no período de 2018 a 2022
Authors: Nobre Maria Eduarda Wanderley , Afonso Sophya Carla Cedrim Cavalcante , da Silva Maria Karolyna Cedrim Gomes , Braga Anna Luiza Pereira , Fachin Laercio Pol
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium leprae ou bacilo de Hansen.   Compreendida como uma das mais antigas enfermidades da humanidade, ainda hoje possui repercussões significativas na população mundial, sendo considerada um problema de saúde pública. Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), o Brasil é um país de alta carga da doença, ocupando o segundo lugar no ranking de casos, sendo o Nordeste classificado como a terceira região de maior incidência do país. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência e o perfil epidemiológico da Hanseníase no Nordeste brasileiro no período de 2018 a 2022. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de caráter quantitativo, cujos dados foram coletados a partir do SINAN/DATASUS, tendo como variáveis: sexo, raça, faixa etária e quantidade de lesões existentes no momento do diagnóstico. Resultados: A Região Nordeste apresentou mais de 61 mil novos casos de Hanseníase no período de 2018-2022, mostrando-se como a Região do Brasil com maior incidência, representando aproximadamente 42% dos casos diagnosticados nacionalmente nesse período. Notou-se ainda maior prevalência em pessoas do sexo masculino, raça parda, adolescentes/adultos (maiores de 15 anos) e com presença de cinco ou mais lesões na pele (forma multibacilar). Conclusão: A região Nordeste ainda apresenta alta incidência de  novos casos diagnosticados em relação aos dados obtidos no restante do país, sendo homens, maiores de 15 anos e da raça parda os mais afetados por essa doença.
Equipamento de terapia por pressão negativa de baixo custo: relato de experiência
Authors: Muniz Odirlei Leandro , Bezerra Francisca Helenilda de Oliveira , Masson Valéria Aparecida , Da Costa Lidiana Flora Vidoto , Bragagnolo Marilene Neves da Silva , Rossignolo Simone Camargo de Oliveira , Ribeiro Maria Andréia Silva , Fernandes Hellen Maria de Lima Graf , Manfrim Tarcio Pelissoni
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar o desenvolvimento de um equipamento de terapia por pressão negativa para tratamento para a cicatrização de feridas. Trata-se de relato de experiência sobre a elaboração de um protótipo para tratamento de terapia por pressão negativa. O protótipo em questão destaca-se por sua forma compacta, pesando aproximadamente 60 gramas e capaz de gerar pressão negativa de até 400 mmHg. Embora simulações tenham apresentado resultados promissores, a necessidade de testes clínicos em pacientes reais permanece crucial, estando sujeitos à aprovação ética. Até o momento, os resultados preliminares sugerem que o protótipo possui potencial, oferecendo uma economia considerável em comparação com alternativas de mercado. No entanto, análises mais aprofundadas são indispensáveis para determinar o custo final, tornando-o verdadeiramente acessível à população brasileira. Em suma, a terapia por pressão negativa emerge como vital no tratamento de feridas, e embora o protótipo apresente promissoras vantagens econômicas, a condução de estudos clínicos e a aprovação ética são etapas cruciais para seu desenvolvimento. Este a tem o potencial de reduzir significativamente os custos associados à saúde pública, promovendo um acesso mais amplo a tratamentos de alta qualidade. Assim, evidencia-se a importância do investimento contínuo em pesquisa de dispositivos tecnológicos para impulsionar tratamentos eficazes e acessíveis.
Dieta de baixo carboidrato vs dieta de baixa gordura: uma análise geral
Authors: Cavicchioli Ana Carolina Marion , Oliveira Daniella Campos , Quental Filho Antônio Ricardo Torres , Lopes Filho Jurimar Cidade , Vaz Luciana Batista Ferreira
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia das dietas de baixo carboidrato (LCD) e baixa gordura (LFD) na perda de peso, melhoria dos biomarcadores metabólicos e saúde cardiovascular, considerando a sustentabilidade e a adequação à preferência individual. Métodos: Análise baseada em estudos randomizados controlados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises de bases de dados como PubMed e Annals of Internal Medicine. Os critérios de seleção incluíram relevância temática, qualidade do estudo e atualidade das informações. Resultados: Perda de Peso: Estudos como Gardner et al. (2018) e Shai et al. (2008) mostraram eficácia similar de LCD e LFD na perda de peso a longo prazo, apesar de uma perda inicial mais rápida nas LCDs. Biomarcadores Metabólicos: Bazzano et al. (2014) e Volek et al. (2009) relataram que as LCDs apresentaram melhorias significativas em triglicerídeos e HDL, enquanto as LFDs foram mais eficazes na redução do LDL. Saúde Cardiovascular: Nordmann et al. (2006) indicaram que as LCDs podem ter um impacto mais favorável na redução do risco global de doenças cardiovasculares. Conclusão: Tanto as LCDs quanto as LFDs são eficazes para a perda de peso e a melhoria de certos biomarcadores metabólicos e saúde cardiovascular. A escolha entre ambas deve ser personalizada, levando em conta as preferências individuais, a sustentabilidade a longo prazo e a adequação nutricional. A individualização e o acompanhamento profissional são essenciais para garantir a segurança e eficácia dessas dietas.
Papel dos eletrólitos e fatores nutricionais como indicadores de suscetibilidade à cãibras em exercícios
Authors: Dos Santos Vinicius Teles , Pereira Diego Mattos , De Oliveira Talles Matos , Vilela Mateus Medeiros , Cavicchioli Ana Carolina Marion
Published: March 2024

Este estudo visa analisar a interação entre o perfil de eletrólitos e fatores nutricionais na suscetibilidade a cãibras durante os exercícios, baseando-se em uma revisão de literatura abrangente de publicações dos últimos dez anos em bases de dados reconhecidas. Os resultados apontaram para uma prevalência significativa de cãibras em atletas, correlacionada com desequilíbrios eletrolíticos, desidratação e fatores nutricionais. A gestão adequada dos eletrólitos e uma nutrição otimizada emergiram como estratégias cruciais para mitigar a incidência de cãibras. A conclusão sublinha a importância de abordagens personalizadas e informadas para prevenir e gerenciar cãibras, com implicações práticas significativas para atletas, treinadores e profissionais da saúde, ressaltando a necessidade de futuras pesquisas mais aprofundadas nesta área.