bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squeezed light at 2128  nm for future gravitational-wave observatories
Authors: Darsow-Fromm Christian , Gurs Julian , Schnabel Roman , Steinlechner Sebastian
Published: October 2021

All gravitational-wave observatories (GWOs) have been using the laser wavelength of 1064 nm. Ultra-stable laser devices are at the sites of GEO 600, Kagra, LIGO, and Virgo. Since 2019, not only GEO 600, but also LIGO and Virgo have been using separate devices for squeezing the uncertainty of the light, so-called squeeze lasers. The sensitivities of future GWOs will strongly gain from reducing the thermal noise of the suspended mirrors, which involves shifting the wavelength into the 2 µm region. This Letter aims to reuse the existing high-performance lasers at 1064 nm. Here we report the realization of a squeeze laser at 2128 nm that uses pump light at 1064 nm. We achieve the direct observation of 7.2 dB of squeezing as the first step at megahertz sideband frequencies. The squeeze factor achieved is mainly limited by the photodiode’s quantum efficiency, which we estimated to

(

92

±

3

)
%

. Reaching larger squeeze factors seems feasible also in the required audio and sub-audio sideband, provided photo diodes with sufficiently low dark noise will be available. Our result promotes 2128 nm as the new, to the best of our knowledge, cost-efficient wavelength of GWOs.
Point-estimating observer models for latent cause detection
Authors: Lee Jennifer Laura , Ma Wei Ji
Published: October 2021

The spatial distribution of visual items allows us to infer the presence of latent causes in the world. For instance, a spatial cluster of ants allows us to infer the presence of a common food source. However, optimal inference requires the integration of a computationally intractable number of world states in real world situations. For example, optimal inference about whether a common cause exists based on N spatially distributed visual items requires marginalizing over both the location of the latent cause and 2N possible affiliation patterns (where each item may be affiliated or non-affiliated with the latent cause). How might the brain approximate this inference? We show that subject behaviour deviates qualitatively from Bayes-optimal, in particular showing an unexpected positive effect of N (the number of visual items) on the false-alarm rate. We propose several “point-estimating” observer models that fit subject behaviour better than the Bayesian model. They each avoid a costly computational marginalization over at least one of the variables of the generative model by “committing” to a point estimate of at least one of the two generative model variables. These findings suggest that the brain may implement partially committal variants of Bayesian models when detecting latent causes based on complex real world data.
Drosophila fabp is required for light-dependent Rhodopsin-1 clearance and photoreceptor survival
Authors: Huang Huai-Wei , Ryoo Hyung Don
Published: October 2021

Rhodopsins are light-detecting proteins coupled with retinal chromophores essential for visual function. Coincidentally, dysfunctional Rhodopsin homeostasis underlies retinal degeneration in humans and model organisms. Drosophila ninaEG69D mutant is one such example, where the encoded Rh1 protein imposes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and causes light-dependent retinal degeneration. The underlying reason for such light-dependency remains unknown. Here, we report that Drosophila fatty acid binding protein (fabp) is a gene induced in ninaEG69D/+ photoreceptors, and regulates light-dependent Rhodopsin-1 (Rh1) protein clearance and photoreceptor survival. Specifically, our photoreceptor-specific gene expression profiling study in ninaEG69D/+ flies revealed increased expression of fabp together with other genes that control light-dependent Rh1 protein degradation. fabp induction in ninaEG69D photoreceptors required vitamin A and its transporter genes. In flies reared under light, loss of fabp caused an accumulation of Rh1 proteins in cytoplasmic vesicles. The increase in Rh1 levels under these conditions was dependent on Arrestin2 that mediates feedback inhibition of light-activated Rh1. fabp mutants exhibited light-dependent retinal degeneration, a phenotype also found in other mutants that block light-induced Rh1 degradation. These observations reveal a previously unrecognized link between light-dependent Rh1 proteostasis and the ER-stress imposing ninaEG69D mutant that cause retinal degeneration.
Does the data tell the true story? A modelling assessment of early COVID-19 pandemic suppression and mitigation strategies in Ghana
Authors: Frempong Nana Kena , Acheampong Theophilus , Apenteng Ofosuhene O. , Nakua Emmanuel , Amuasi John H.
Published: October 2021

This paper uses publicly available data and various statistical models to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0) and other disease parameters for Ghana’s early COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. We also test the effectiveness of government imposition of public health measures to reduce the risk of transmission and impact of the pandemic, especially in the early phase. R0 is estimated from the statistical model as 3.21 using a 0.147 estimated growth rate [95% C.I.: 0.137–0.157] and a 15-day time to recovery after COVID-19 infection. This estimate of the initial R0 is consistent with others reported in the literature from other parts of Africa, China and Europe. Our results also indicate that COVID-19 transmission reduced consistently in Ghana after the imposition of public health interventions—such as border restrictions, intra-city movement, quarantine and isolation—during the first phase of the pandemic from March to May 2020. However, the time-dependent reproduction number (Rt) beyond mid-May 2020 does not represent the true situation, given that there was not a consistent testing regime in place. This is also confirmed by our Jack-knife bootstrap estimates which show that the positivity rate over-estimates the true incidence rate from mid-May 2020. Given concerns about virus mutations, delays in vaccination and a possible new wave of the pandemic, there is a need for systematic testing of a representative sample of the population to monitor the reproduction number. There is also an urgent need to increase the availability of testing for the general population to enable early detection, isolation and treatment of infected individuals to reduce progression to severe disease and mortality.
Molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in Poland reveals the presence of swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) sequence in S gene
Authors: Antas Marta , Olech Monika , Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna
Published: October 2021

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious enteric viral disease of pigs with a high morbidity and mortality rate, which ultimately results in huge economic losses in the pig production sector. The etiological agent of this disease is the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) which is an enveloped, positive single-stranded RNA virus. The aim of this study was to perform molecular characterization of PEDV to identify the strains circulating in Poland. In this study, 662 faecal samples from 2015 to 2021 were tested with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and the results showed that 3.8% of the tested samples revealed a positive result for PEDV. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome and complete S gene sequences showed that Polish PEDV strains belonged to the G1b (S-INDEL) subgroup and were closely related to the European PEDV strains isolated from 2014 to 2019. Furthermore, RDP4 analysis revealed that the Polish PEDV strains harboured a recombinant fragment of ~400 nt in the 5’ end of S gene with PEDV and swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) being the major and minor parents, respectively. Antigenic analysis showed that the aa sequences of neutralizing epitopes were conserved among the Polish PEDV strains. Only one strain, #0100/5P, had a unique substitution in the COE epitope. However, Polish PEDV strains showed several substitutions, especially in the COE antigen, as compared to the classical strain CV777. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus strains, as well as the first phylogenetic analysis for PEDV in Poland.
Association between human paraoxonase 2 protein and efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs used against Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Parween Fauzia , Hossain Md. Summon , Singh Kshetra Pal , Gupta Rinkoo Devi
Published: October 2021

Serum Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) level is a potential biomarker owing to its association with a number of pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Since cholinergic deficiency is closely linked with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are the treatment of choice for patients with AD. However, there is a heterogenous response to these drugs and mostly the subjects do not respond to the treatment. Gene polymorphism, the simultaneous occurrence of two or more discontinuous alleles in a population, could be one of the important factors for this. Hence, we hypothesized that PON2 and its polymorphic forms may be hydrolyzing the AChEIs differently, and thus, different patients respond differently. To investigate this, two AChEIs, donepezil hydrochloride (DHC) and pyridostigmine bromide (PB), were selected. Human PON2 wildtype gene and four mutants, two catalytic sites, and two polymorphic sites were cloned, recombinantly expressed, and purified for in vitro analysis. Enzyme activity and AChE activity were measured to quantitate the amount of DHC and PB hydrolyzed by the wildtype and the mutant proteins. Herein, PON2 esterase activity and AChE inhibitor efficiency were found to be inversely related. A significant difference in enzyme activity of the catalytic site mutants was observed as compared to the wildtype, and subsequent AChE activity showed that esterase activity of PON2 is responsible for the hydrolysis of DHC and PB. Interestingly, PON2 polymorphic site mutants showed increased esterase activity; therefore, this could be the reason for the ineffectiveness of the drugs. Thus, our data suggested that the esterase activity of PON2 was mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of AChEI, DHC, and PB, and that might be responsible for the variation in individual response to AChEI therapy.
A way to break bones? The weight of intuitiveness
Authors: Vettese Delphine , Stavrova Trajanka , Borel Antony , Marín Juan , Moncel Marie-Hélène , Arzarello Marta , Daujeard Camille
Published: October 2021

During the Paleolithic period, bone marrow extraction was an essential source of fat nutrients for hunter-gatherers especially throughout cold and dry seasons. This is attested by the recurrent findings of percussion marks in osteological material from anthropized archaeological levels. Among them some showed indicators that the marrow extraction process was part of a butchery cultural practice, meaning that the inflicted fracturing gestures and techniques were recurrent, standardized and counter-intuitive. In order to assess the weight of the counter-intuitive factor in the percussion mark pattern distribution, we carried out an experiment that by contrast focuses on the intuitive approach of fracturing bones to extract marrow, involving individual without experience in this activity. We wanted to evaluate the influence of bone morphology and the individuals’ behaviour on the distribution of percussion marks. Twelve experimenters broke 120 limb bones, a series of 10 bones per individual. During the experiment, information concerning the fracture of the bones as well as individual behaviour was collected and was subsequently compared to data from the laboratory study of the remains. Then, we applied an innovative GIS (Geographic Information System) method to analyze the distribution of percussion marks to highlight recurrent patterns. Results show that in spite of all the variables there is a high similarity in the distribution of percussion marks which we consider as intuitive patterns. The factor influenced the distribution for the humerus, radius-ulna and tibia series is the bone morphology, while for the femur series individual behaviour seems to have more weight in the distribution. To go further in the subject we need to compare the intuitive models with the distributions of percussion marks registered in fossil assemblages. Thus, it would be possible to propose new hypotheses on butchering practices based on the results presented in this work.
Testing the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being
Authors: Maurer Mia M. , Daukantaitė Daiva , Hoff Eva
Published: October 2021

The EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Well-being measures five positive indicators of the well-being of adolescents: engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness and happiness. This five-factor structure along with other indicators of validity and reliability were supported for the original English version and the Chinese version. In this study, we tested the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the EPOCH with a sample (n = 846) of Swedish high school adolescents aged 16–21 years (Mage = 18, SD = .85). The participants answered a questionnaire containing the EPOCH, Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, and 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A confirmatory factor analysis supported a the five-factor, inter-correlated model. The internal consistency was good for all the EPOCH subscales (Cronbach’s α = .76–.88, McDonald’s ω = .77 –.88). The criterion validity was established by replicating correlations between the five EPOCH subscales and positive (coping self-efficacy) and negative (DASS-21) aspects of well-being. This study shows that the Swedish version of the EPOCH is suitable for assessing multiple dimensions of adolescent well-being.
Prevalence and associated factors of Tunga penetrans infestation among 5-14-year-olds in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Tamene Aiggan
Published: October 2021

Background

Tunga penetrans, also known as sand flea, causes Tungiasis in humans and animals. Despite its notoriety as an entomological problem, however, the ectoparasite receives little consideration from public health professionals. It is against this background that this article aims to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with Tunga penetrans infestation among 5-14-year-olds in rural Western Ethiopia.

Methods

From November to December 2020, 487 children aged 5 to 14 were selected from four primary schools in a cross-sectional study using systematic random sampling. Clinical exams, Interviews with parents/guardians and observations of the housing and classroom environments were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression were used to characterize the data and identify factors associated with Tunga penetrans infestation.

Result

Tunga penetrans infestation (Tungiasis) was diagnosed in 138 of the 487 children examined, placing the prevalence at 28.3% (95% CI: 24.2%, 32.2%). Mud plastered walls [AOR: 5.83, % CI (3.44–9.88)], having cats in the house [AOR: 5.91, 95% CI (3.51–10.11)], not having separated sleeping quarters for animals [AOR: 4.60, 95% CI (2.69–7.86)], using self-supplied water [AOR: 6.30, 95% CI (3.33–11.93)], walking>30 minutes to school [AOR: 2.37, 95% CI (1.48–3.80)] were associated with Tungiasis.

Conclusion

In one way or another, several of the identified factors were linked to poverty. Improved house wall materials, fumigation of mud-plastered houses, dusting or spraying insecticides on domestic animals (such as cats), improved access to water, community education about keeping animals separated from living spaces, and hygiene promotion are all needed, with a focus on locally available, low-cost technologies that the poorest families can afford.
Screening of key biomarkers of tendinopathy based on bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Zhu Ya xi , Huang Jia qiang , Ming Yu yang , Zhuang Zhao , Xia Hong
Published: October 2021

Tendinopathy is a complex multifaceted tendinopathy often associated with overuse and with its high prevalence resulting in significant health care costs. At present, the pathogenesis and effective treatment of tendinopathy are still not sufficiently elucidated. The purpose of this research is to intensely explore the genes, functional pathways, and immune infiltration characteristics of the occurrence and development of tendinopathy. The gene expression profile of GSE106292, GSE26051 and GSE167226 are downloaded from GEO (NCBI comprehensive gene expression database) and analyzed by WGCNA software bag using R software, GSE26051, GSE167226 data set is combined to screen the differential gene analysis. We subsequently performed gene enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and "Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes" (KEGG), and immune cell infiltration analysis. By constructing the LASSO regression model, Support vector machine (SVM-REF) and Gaussian mixture model (GMMs) algorithms are used to screen, to identify early diagnostic genes. We have obtained a total of 171 DEGs through WGCNA analysis and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening. By GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, it is found that these dysregulated genes were related to mTOR, HIF-1, MAPK, NF-κB and VEGF signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis showed that M1 macrophages, activated mast cells and activated NK cells had infiltration significance. After analysis of THE LASSO SVM-REF and GMMs algorithms, we found that the gene MACROD1 may be a gene for early diagnosis. We identified the potential of tendon disease early diagnosis way and immune gene regulation MACROD1 key infiltration characteristics based on comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. These hub genes and functional pathways may as early biomarkers of tendon injuries and molecular therapy level target is used to guide drug and basic research.
Elevated cytokines and chemokines in peripheral blood of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with high-titer convalescent plasma
Authors: Fanning Stacey L. , Korngold Robert , Yang Zheng , Goldgirsh Kira , Park Steven , Zenreich Joshua , Baker Melissa , McKiernan Phyllis , Tan Ming , Zhang Bingsong , Donato Michele L. , Perlin David S.
Published: October 2021

The global SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic continues to be devastating in many areas. Treatment options have been limited and convalescent donor plasma has been used by many centers to transfer passive neutralizing antibodies to patients with respiratory involvement. The results often vary by institution and are complicated by the nature and quality of the donor plasma itself, the timing of administration and the clinical aspects of the recipients. SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to be associated with an increase in the blood concentrations of several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, as part of the overall immune response to the virus and consequential to mediated lung pathology. Some of these correlates contribute to the cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome, often resulting in fatality. A Phase IIa clinical trial at our institution using high neutralizing titer convalescent plasma transfer gave us the unique opportunity to study the elevations of correlates in the first 10 days after infusion. Plasma recipients were divided into hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients who did not (Track 2) or did (Track 3) require mechanical ventilation. Several cytokines were elevated in the patients of each Track and some continued to rise through Day 10, while others initially increased and then subsided. Furthermore, elevations in MIP-1α, MIP-1β and CRP correlated with disease progression of Track 2 recipients. Overall, our observations serve as a foundation for further study of these correlates and the identification of potential biomarkers to improve upon convalescent plasma therapy and to drive more successful patient outcomes.
Parasitic nematode fatty acid- and retinol-binding proteins compromise host immunity by interfering with host lipid signaling pathways
Authors: Parks Sophia C. , Nguyen Susan , Nasrolahi Shyon , Bhat Chaitra , Juncaj Damian , Lu Dihong , Ramaswamy Raghavendran , Dhillon Harpal , Fujiwara Hideji , Buchman Anna , Akbari Omar S. , Yamanaka Naoki , Boulanger Martin J. , Dillman Adler R.
Published: October 2021

Parasitic nematodes cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. Excretory/secretory products (ESPs) such as fatty acid- and retinol- binding proteins (FARs) are hypothesized to suppress host immunity during nematode infection, yet little is known about their interactions with host tissues. Leveraging the insect parasitic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, we describe here the first in vivo study demonstrating that FARs modulate animal immunity, causing an increase in susceptibility to bacterial co-infection. Moreover, we show that FARs dampen key components of the fly immune response including the phenoloxidase cascade and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. Our data also reveal that FARs deplete lipid signaling precursors in vivo as well as bind to these fatty acids in vitro, suggesting that FARs elicit their immunomodulatory effects by altering the availability of lipid signaling molecules necessary for an efficient immune response. Collectively, these data support a complex role for FARs in immunosuppression in animals and provide detailed mechanistic insight into parasitism in phylum Nematoda.
Propuesta de didáctica de la Programación en Educación Primaria basada en la gamificación usando videojuegos educativos
Authors: Cruz-García Iago , Martín-García Juan Antonio , Pérez-Marin Diana , Pizarro Celeste
Published: October 2021

La enseñanza de la programación en Educación Primaria es un tema de interés investigador a nivel mundial. En este artículo, la contribución se centra en una propuesta de didáctica de la programación en Educación Primaria basada en la gamificación con un videojuego educativo. En el curso 2019/2020 se realizó un experimento con un grupo de 100 estudiantes de 10 a 12 años que siguieron esta propuesta didáctica, obteniéndose mejoras significativas en el aprendizaje de los conceptos básicos de programación al tiempo que se recibieron comentarios positivos sobre su satisfacción y motivación, validándose así la propuesta realizada.
Kriopreservasi Tunas in Vitro Pepaya ‘Sukma’ Dengan Perlakuan Prakultur, Loading, Dan Dehidrasi Dengan Pvs2 Dan Modifikasinya
Authors: Wardani Fitri Fatma , Witono Joko Ridho , Efendi Darda , Dinarti Diny
Published: October 2021

Papaya has high genetic variability because it is an open-pollinated plant and has genotype and phenotypeare that are easily changed due to environment changes. Cryopreservation is a storing method of germplasm in liquid nitrogen (-196 oC) which can maintain the genotype and phenotype of germplasm. The experiment aimed to obtain the best preculture, loading, and dehydration for cryopreservation of papaya ‘Sukma’ in vitro shoots. For preculture, we planted shoots on MS media with 0.3 M and 0.4 M sucrose for 1, 2, and 3 days. In the loading treatment, we immersed shoots in loading solution (liquid MS+1.2M glycerol+0.4M sucrose) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. For dehydration, we immersed shoots in cryoprotectant (PVS2 and its modification) for 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Then, shoots were immersed in liquid nitrogen. The results showed thatshoots had the best survival rate while they had been precultured on MS medium with 0.3 M sucrose for 3 days. The best loading treatment time was 20–30 minutes. The best dehydration treatment was obtained by modification of PVS2 for 10 minutes. The shoots have not been able to recovery after cryopreservation, so it can be concluded that cryopreservation of in vitro papaya ‘Sukma’ shoots has not been successful.
The Opportunity of Developing Microalgae Cultivation Techniques in Indonesia
Authors: Sofiyah Evi Siti , Septiariva Iva Yenis , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: October 2021

The rate of population growth which is relatively rapidly increasing in Indonesia, will require increased fuel. The depletion of the availability of fossil fuels causes the search for the other natural resources needed to become a renewable energy source. One of the significant changes today is microalgae. The application of the algal aquaculture system has been widely applied in the world. The media used in cultivation also varies, one of which is wastewater. The composition of biodiesel energy in Indonesia is increasing and is starting to become the people's choice. Indonesia, which is rich in natural resources, especially the high biodiversity of microalgae, causes microalgae's potential use to be very high. Many studies report the explosion of algal participation in many parts of Indonesia. Research concerning the cultivation of microalgae has been widely successful in Indonesia. The use of microalgae is already available in the field with domestic water treatment applications. The conversion of microalgae into biodiesel also successfully met the requirements of SNI 04-7182-2006.
Bunker Oksigen Dan Karbon (Bok) Di Lingkungan Sekolah Sebagai Penyimpan Karbon, Manfaat, Dan Nilai Ekonominya
Authors: Suyadi Suyadi , Handayani Venny , Fina Agustina , Sudirja Wira
Published: October 2021

The impacts of pollution and climate change occurred in global and local communities, including at school environment. Uncomfortable school environment due to pollution and school damage due to sea-level rise interferes with learning processes and reduces students' academic performance. A new approach of a school greening programme called Bunkers of Oxygen and Carbon (BOCs) was developed in a public school (SMA Negeri 3 Merauke) in Merauke, Papua using a thematic approach to mitigate pollution and climate change. The research showed that carbon storage of BOCs is mean 74 Mg ha-1 . This is equal with carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) of mean 271 Mg CO2e ha-1. The capacity of BOCs as carbon storage can be optimized due to the age of vegetation in BOCs is only four years old, and below ground carbon stock was measured only up to 50 cm depth. The amount of carbon stock in BOCs was influenced by vegetation health (tree density and canopy coverage) and vegetation structure (tree diameter and height) in the BOCs (r2 = 0.56, p = 0.001). The mean economic value of carbon stocks in the BOCs was US $ 189 billion ha-1. This economic value may underestimate as many benefits and functions of the BOCs were excluded from the calculation. BOCs have ecological functions as a habitat for many wildlife species, various ecosystem services, recreational areas, aesthetic values, oxygen supply, and a place to improve creativity and as natural laboratories for practice and learning from nature. Therefore, the development of BOCs in the school environment across Indonesia is important as the functions and benefits are crucial to mitigate pollution and climate change, improve the learning process and the quality of national education.
Studi Morfologi, Ontogeni, Dan Strategi Reproduksi Pada Melanoides Tuberculata (Müller , 1774) Dan Stenomelania Punctata (Lamarck, 1822) (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae)
Authors: Isnaningsih Nur Rohmatin
Published: October 2021

The freshwater Melanoides tuberculata (Thiarid) has wide distribution and have many variation in color, size, and scluptured of their shells. Comparing with another Thiarid so called Stenomelania punctata, shell of M. tuberculata similar in having turreted shape, blackish color, number of whorls, and size of the shells. This study aim to compare more detailed between M. tuberculata and S. punctata based on their morphology, ontogeny and type of reproduction. Ontogeny studies of these two species show that M. tuberculata produces juveniles in embryonic shell form during their reproduction. This embryonic shell is nourished and developed in the subhaemocoelic brood-pouch organ as evidenced by being found in the size range 0.12–5.95 mm. One individu M. tuberculata can produce 1–66 embryonic shells. Meanwhile, in subhaemocoelic brood-pouch of S. punctata only the unshell embryo was seen and embryonic shell was not found. The difference of reproduction system determines the reproductive strategy in both species. M. tuberculata conduct euviviparity reproduction whereas S. punctata is ovoviviparous that releases juveniles in free-swimming veliger form.
Existence of solution for Kirchhoff model problems with singular nonlinearity
Authors: Montenegro Marcelo
Published: October 2021

We study the fourth order Kirchhoff equation Δ2u−(a+b∫Ω|∇u|2)γΔu=f(u) in Ω with −Δu>0 and u>0 in Ω, and Δu=u=0 on ∂Ω, where f(t)=α1tθ+λtq+μt+g(t) for t≥0, g has subcritical growth, α>0, λ>0, μ≥0, 0<θ<1, 0<q<1, γ≥0, a>0, b≥0. We use the Galerkin projection method to show the existence of solution under some boundedness restriction on α,λ,μ. In some cases we study the behavior of the norm of the solution u as λ→0 and as λ→∞. Similar issues are addressed for the equation (a+b∫Ω|∇u|2)γΔ2u−ϱΔu=f(u), ϱ≥0.
Autonomic instability in severe tetanus: a case report
Authors: Seo Seung Won , Lee Jaewon , Yoo Bong-Goo , Kim Jehun , Huh So-Young
Published: October 2021

Tetanus is an infectious disease of the nervous system caused by Clostridium tetani, and is characterized by tonic muscle contractions, painful spasms, and autonomic dysfunction. Severe autonomic dysfunction associated with tetanus can be life-threatening. We present a 62-year-old female who experienced lockjaw after an ankle fracture. The patient was diagnosed with tetanus and received tetanus immunoglobulin and a vaccination. The patient subsequently experienced labile hypertension. This case highlights the challenge and importance of managing cardiovascular instability.
Percursos de um Arq-Vivo: entre arquivos e experiências na pesquisa em História da Educação
Authors: Lima Marcos Epifanio Barbosa
Published: October 2021

O livro ‘Percursos de um Arq-Vivo: entre arquivos e experiências na pesquisa em História da Educação’ é fruto do projeto de pesquisa doutoral da Profa. Dra. Dóris Bittencourt Almeida – almeida.doris@gmail.com – cujo caminho formativo, docente e investigativo circula entre chefias editorias em revistas da área de história, liderança e vice-liderança em grupos e linhas de pesquisa CNPq e IES e participação em grupos internacionais latino-americano nas áreas de concentração História/Educação/ Memória/ Patrimônio. Já do título, esmeradamente composto, denota-se o cuidado com a intencionalidade do material e das reflexões que delas se oriundam, quando a autora nos apresenta uma espécie de silogismo – com duas expressões que dão vida a uma terceira ideia. Muito mais que um jogo de jogo de palavras e fonéticas entre ‘arquivo’ e ‘vivo’, esta nova formulação – ‘Arq-Vivo’ – que toca a raiz mesma do que a autora pretende em sua obra: fazer tessituras, criações analíticas e caracterização de uma historiografia do tempo, dividindo o material em duas partes.
Questão agrária e luta pela reforma agrária na transição do século XX para o XXI
Authors: Clemente Evandro César , Diniz Raphael Fernando , De Souza Tatiane Rodrigues , Da Silva Santiago Soares , Françozi Marcos Paulo , Benincá Mainara da Costa
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a expansão do capital no campo no estado de Goiás e a atuação dos movimentos socioterritoriais no campo sob os diferentes governos nos últimos 25 anos. Para a consecução da pesquisa foi realizada a revisão bibliográfica acerca da temática central de investigação e coleta, sistematização, espacialização e análise de dados em fontes secundárias sobre o estado de Goiás. Constatou-se que o estado vem passando por transformações profundas no território nos últimos 25 anos, em que se tem expandido a agricultura empresarial capitalista e, contraditoriamente, tem havido resistências e luta via a atuação de movimentos socioterritoriais. Nos anos 1990 teve início a política de fortalecimento e expansão neoliberal do capital no campo, que até meados da década de 2000 teve como contrapartida a implantação de assentamentos rurais por meio da pressão dos movimentos socioterritoriais. A partir de então, observou-se o acirramento das contradições entre a expansão capitalista e as políticas de apoio à agricultura familiar camponesa, resultando em uma considerável redução da atuação dos movimentos socioterritoriais e na paralisação da política de distribuição fundiária, ocasionando significativos prejuízos no âmbito social, econômico e ambiental.
Acerca del derecho de la mujer a gobernar en Francisco Suárez
Authors: Lecón Rosales Mauricio
Published: October 2021

En el libro III del De legibus, Francisco Suárez afirma que una mujer puede heredar y ostentar la potestad política sobre una comunidad. El varón posee un dominio natural sobre la mujer porque ella fue creada a partir de aquél, según el relato del Génesis. De acuerdo con Francisco Suárez, existe un derecho natural de la mujer a gobernar. Si esto es así, es falso que la mujer posea una naturaleza inferior al varón que le condiciona a únicamente heredar a su prole la potestad de gobierno, pero no a ejercerla.
David Hume y Adam Smith
Authors: Altuna Belén
Published: October 2021

El artículo presenta y contrasta el papel central de la simpatía en las teorías morales de Hume y Smith a lo largo de cinco puntos: 1) la simpatía como «fuente principal de las distinciones morales» y como contrapunto al egoísmo, 2) el papel auxiliar de la razón, 3) el mecanismo imaginativo que sustenta la simpatía, 4) el sesgo de parcialidad que la caracteriza y, por ello mismo, 5) la necesidad de corrección reconocida por Hume con «el punto de vista estable y general» y por Smith con «el espectador imparcial». Por último, revisa la noción de «simpatía» de ambos autores a la luz de algunas aportaciones psicológicas contemporáneas en torno a la «empatía», valorando la contribución de Smith como gran teórico de la adopción de perspectiva imaginativa en todas sus variantes.
Caves of Indiana--A release of an important publication to mark the International Year of Caves and Karst
Authors: Powell Richard "Dick" , Florea Lee John , Palmer Arthur
Published: October 2021

The year 2021 is the 60th Anniversary of the first publication of Caves of Indiana by Richard L. (Dick) Powell. To commemorate that anniversary, the Indiana Geological and Water Survey (IGWS) is releasing a digital version of this book. This release also coincides with the UNESCO-sponsored International Year of Caves and Karst. This paper includes a link to the digital book, a memoir from Dick, and a preface from Art Palmer (a mentor of mine and mentee of Dick’s). Another version of Dick’s memoir was recently printed in Volume 23, no. 2 of the Bloomington Indiana Grotto Newsletter.
Caves of Indiana has an interesting legacy in the IGWS and a lore among cavers in Indiana.
This paper tells that legacy from Dick Powell’s point of view.
For many, Caves of Indiana represents a masterpiece of information during the birth of American Speleology. For others, it is an archetype of publications that have damaged caves and relationships between cavers and landowners. Regardless, it is highly recognized for its data gathering and presentation. Many libraries refuse to carry a copy lest it be stolen.[1] Copies oft appear in personal libraries, sometimes with folded pages and broken spines.
This version has been carefully revised and redacted to assure that the locations of, directions to, and maps of caves on private land are not available. In this, we attempt to balance the important, and often at odds, need to disseminate accurate information on caves while protecting this important, and frequently overlooked, fragile natural resource. For more information about caves and karst, and guides to responsible caving, please consult with the National Speleological Society (http://www.caves.org), the National Cave and Karst Research Institute (http://www.nckri.org), or caving clubs local to your area.
The impact of Allergan implant-related issues on patients with breast implants for reconstruction
Authors: Kim Ji Min , Song Woo Jin , Jeong Hyun Gyo , Kang Sang Gue
Published: October 2021

Background In August 2019, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons confirmed the first case report of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) in Korea and provided recommendations. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the first case report of BIA-ALCL on patients and whether the impact could be mitigated through expert recommendations.Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction using Biocell textured breast implants at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. After the first case report of BIA-ALCL and informing the patients via text messages, the pattern of outpatient visits and the proportion and indications of outpatient office visitors who received reoperations were analyzed.Results After the first BIA-ALCL case report in Korea, 12 patients underwent reoperations due to other complications identified incidentally, while only three patients underwent prophylactic surgery. Among the patients who underwent reoperation after the Allergan issues, 76.7% received implant exchange. There was no significant difference in the proportion of reoperation types before and after the Allergan issues and the transmission of text messages (P=0.700).Conclusions Despite the major issues, outpatients were managed successfully according to our recommendations. The study found a low rate of regular outpatient visits; however, our efforts increased this rate. Therefore, methods for appropriate information delivery are needed for outpatient visits, as well as a system for regular monitoring. As experts, plastic surgeons should provide responsible leadership in this situation to relieve patients’ concerns.
Remote migration of breast filler to the inguinal area: a case report
Authors: Choi Jangyoun , Kim Ye Sol , Oh Deuk Young
Published: October 2021

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) is an injectable material for breast augmentation that was developed in the 1980s. It was widely used until the 2000s, but subsequently lost its popularity due to high complication rates. In this case report, we share our experience of a patient complaining of hard and asymmetric breasts who had received PAAG injections 7 years ago. Surprisingly, we found that the filler in the left breast had migrated to the left inguinal area. Although breast fillers have lost ground in recent years, we think that long-term complications of fillers, as observed in this case, will still arise in the future. Therefore, young plastic surgeons who do not have direct experience with this material should be aware of its possible complications.
The Impact of Covid-19 on the Macro Indicators: A Comparative Analysis for Oil, Gold, Exchange Rates and Wheat
Authors: TEKER DILEK , Deniz E. Asena
Published: October 2021

COVID-19, which occurred in Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019 and have affected the whole world, appears to have drastic effects on human health and economic stability. Economic activities related to global trade decreased with the spread of the epidemic and caused crisis both economically and financially. This virus, which is also a health crisis, has affected human life greatly due to uncertainty in the protection and treatment processes. Increasing numbers of cases and deaths negatively affect the economic progress globally and show that countries with intense epidemic are vulnerable. Not knowing how long the pandemic will last and how long economic activities will be restricted requires an economic precaution. If the pandemic is brought under control quickly, the return to normal economic life will happen quickly and thus all economic sectors, especially service sectors, will recover in a short time. If the process of controlling the pandemic is long, the destruction on economic growth and employment will be at higher levels. With the vaccine found, it is predicted that the normalization process will accelerate and the economy may recover. Increased studies examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial markets and commodity markets will make it easier for both economists and financial actors in the future.  In this study, the relationship between the daily number of cases of COVID-19 and brent oil, gold, EUR / USD and wheat prices were examined. After the natural logarithm of our variables was applied, it was determined whether they were static or not. ARDL test, Impact-Response Analysis and Variance Decomposition were performed according to the determined lag lengths. According to the results, ARDL test was performed because our data was not stationary according to the ADF test and cointegration was not found among the data. As a result of impact response analysis, shocks lose their effect in a short time.
Sustainable food consumption promotion through online marketing communication: The case of Slovenian and Croatian grocery stores
Authors: Korez Vide Romana , Juhart Sergeja , Hunjet Anica
Published: October 2021

In this paper we discuss promotion of sustainable food consumption through online marketing communication. In the research we comparatively analyze selected Slovenian and Croatian grocery stores’ webpages from the aspect of the scope and the approaches of sustainable food consumption promotion. We focused on the sustainable/green products in the grocery stores’ sales offers, including products’ packaging, brands and labels, sustainable food products’ related projects, additional informing of consumers about important sustainability topics, placement, and the scope of advertising of sustainable products on the grocery stores’ websites, as well as on the comprehensiveness of communication, reflected also in the provision of sustainability reports. The research findings show that sustainability efforts are visible from the webpages of all analyzed grocery stores, however, the online marketing communication of sustainable food products is most developed in international grocery stores’ chains that are globally present and have more resources at their disposal. We noticed several differences in the scope of sustainable food products sales offers between the observed grocery stores, and in the approaches towards branding, labelling, and providing information about sustainable/green food products. We recognize the importance of institutional support to the awareness rising about the importance of sustainable consumer behaviour for society’s long-term common good. We indicate the COVID-19 pandemic as an important turning point for future orientations of businesses and consumers, particularly in the case of food products. Here, the digital marketing communication can take a leading role in promoting sustainable food consumption.
Role of Electronic Word of Mouth and Social Media Marketing on Brand Image and Purchase Intention toward E-Commerce Cosmetic Products
Authors: Hidayat Anas
Published: October 2021

This research aimed to examine the effect of EWOM and Social Media Marketing variables on Purchase Intention with an intervening variable of brand image. This research sampling was carried out using purposive sampling technique from 250 respondents which had the criteria of Indonesian citizens who were interested in buying and using cosmetics through e-commerce and already had income. This research used an analytical tool which is a simultaneous equation model called structural equation modeling. The results of this research indicated that EWOM had a positive and significant effect on brand image and buying intention. Social Media Marketing had also a positive significant effect on brand image,however, it was an insignificant effect on buying intention. Finally, Brand Image showed a positive significant effect on Purchase Intention.
Assessing Refugees’, asylum seekers’ and vulnerable migrants’ soft skills: The development and psychometric properties of NADINE Soft Skills Test
Authors: Tountopoulou Maria , Drosos Nikos , Vlachaki Fotini
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to give an overview of the development of the NADINE soft skills test, focusing mainly on the results of the study conducted to assess the psychometric properties of it, so as to ensure that the proposed test is suitable, reliable and valid to assess the soft skills of migrant groups. The sample used for the standardization of the tools consisted of 427 persons. Reliability and validity of tools were calculated; factor analyses were conducted to ensure that each scale was measuring only one factor and further comparative analyses were made to explore whether there is statistical significant relation between demographic variables and the performance in the skills under evaluation. Results of the analyses depict that the NADINE soft skill test constitute valid and reliable instrument that can be used by career practitioners, hosting organisations and administration bodies to accurately assess the soft skills of vulnerable migrants, refugees and asylum seekers and facilitate their labour market integration.
AN ANALYTICAL COMPARISON OF MONASTICISM IN SEMITIC RELIGION
Authors: Razzaq Tayyaba
Published: October 2021

Monasticism is voluntary sustain and systemic program of self discipline and self denial in which immediate sensual gratifications are renounced in order to attain some valued spiritual or mental state. Monasticism demands to get away from normal sentiment & human emotions particularly to attain spirituality. Purposes of monasticism are to find out the pure inner self, raise above all flaws & human deficiency, spiritual excellence, liberation, and deliverance. The research paper is an approach to show the comparison between the monastic worlds as revealed through the texts of Semitic religious communities. The comparison of monastic text has the potential to yield a large amount of informative facts. In the areas of asceticism, spirituality, and the balance between sacred and routine life, analogies are numerous and propose many avenues of further comparison still waiting to be explored.

The research paper is an approach to show the comparison & in- depth analysis of the Babylonian Talmud, Bible and Quran that find literary analogues in the monastic texts, strategies’, historical examples and suggestions. These examples open the door for a reconsideration of the nature of the relationship between Jews and Christians in the ancient world. This article aimed to highlight the main features of ancient monasticism and to share information in Semitic religion regarding hermit, ascetic and monk. Likewise, this paper also focuses on several processes of changes and transformation of monasticism from a negative view to the enlightenment of identity which lead to the development of a normal and stable society.