bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vocational teachers as policy actors
Authors: Andersen Mari J. Wikhaug
Published: June 2024

Linguistic diversity has become a focus in the Norwegian National Curriculum (LK20), which establishes students experiencing “multilingualism as a resource” as a policy intention. This study explores if and how this policy intention corresponds with teachers’ experiences and practices in mainstream vocational education and training (VET). Using the concept of policy enactment developed by Ball et al. (2012) as a theoretical and analytical framework, I analyze the curricular aims set by the LK20 Core Curriculum and a subject-specific VET curriculum, comparing them to the teaching practices reflected in interview data gathered through linguistic ethnographic fieldwork in mainstream Norwegian VET programs in 2020 and 2021. My findings show that (a) the National Curriculum positions vocational teachers as subject-specific, mainly Norwegian-oriented language teachers held to ensure the enactment of “multilingualism as a resource”, even though most vocational teachers are not trained in language education, and that (b) vocational teachers act as interpreters, translators, and relatively passive receivers of language-related policies, also frequently assuming critical positions towards these policies and some organizational features of the educational institution. The study highlights the ambiguous and challenging positions vocational teachers find themselves in, emphasize the necessity of more multilingually-oriented approaches to mainstream vocational education, and show that for language-related policy intentions like “multilingualism as a resource” to be enacted, it is imperative to provide policy actors like vocational teachers with sufficient suitable resources.
A relação entre a cosmologia e a origem do mal nas Leis de Platão
Authors: MEOTTI DERÓCIO FELIPE PERONDI
Published: June 2024

Mesmo com a diferença de prioridades que Platão estabelece na República e nas Leis, uma coisa se mantém a mesma: o conhecimento do Bem como parâmetro para a formulação de leis boas e justas. O problema surge quando constata-se que, num nível cósmico, não só o bom e o justo parecem provir desse Bem, mas também o mau e injusto. No decorrer do texto, mostrarei como Platão defende que o Bem pode ser origem das coisas boas e também das almas que praticam o mal, sem ser o responsável pelo último. Para tanto, elucidarei como Platão introduz a ideia de uma alma automovente governando o cosmos e a divisão do governo do universo em pequenas partes, estas governadas por cada alma como se fossem arcontes.
Da passagem para o trágico:
Authors: SAUER FERNANDO
Published: June 2024

Nossa investigação permeia o contexto do movimento cultural alemão dos séculos XVIII e XIX, mais precisamente dois de seus expoentes: Immanuel Kant e Friedrich Nietzsche. Objetivamos compreender o desenvolvimento do assim chamado pensamento trágico, e, portanto, oferecemos uma introdução ao que seria a estética, pois nos colocaremos em meio a ela. Preliminarmente, importa destacar que não tratamos esse movimento como uma evolução, no sentido positivista, portanto nos esforçaremos por marcar nossa posição hermenêutica nesta empresa interpretativa. Longe da pretensiosidade de saltar por sobre a história deste conceito, pretendemos investigar seus desdobramentos no âmbito do pensamento de formação (Bildung) alemã, que ganharia ensejo na filosofia de Kant e que, idealizado a partir do renascimento da cultura grega, ganharia contornos decisivos com Nietzsche. Em nosso desenvolvimento faz-se relação entre o conceito kantiano de sublime, e a experiência do trágico, tal como descrita por Nietzsche. Neste caminho esperamos elucidar o desenvolvimento do ideal de formação a partir dos gregos: não se compreende que é pela complacência entre faculdades que reconhecem e alcançam seus limites como quisera Kant, tampouco pela beleza das formas como queriam os românticos, ambos “sereno-joviais”, mas, antes, precisamente pela expressão da falta de um sentido determinante, que nos faculta criar, é que se dá o essencial da visão de mundo grega. Nietzsche “transvalora” este pensamento como “metafísica de artista”, e não mais se considera estritamente o âmbito estético, mas, sim, o cosmológico. Visto que estes impulsos, pensados no sentido de uma psicologia fundamental (ou seja, metafisicamente), configuram uma disposição existencial essencialmente humana, a saber: interpretar, avaliar, ajuizar, - de todo modo, compreender. Em nosso intento pretendemos formular uma compreensão desta tradição, permeada pela singular disposição do horizonte significativo que é próprio de nosso tempo.
Da menoridade à liberdade
Authors: ROCHA THIAGO VASCONCELOS DA
Published: June 2024

Este artigo propõe uma análise comparativa entre o ensaio "Resposta a pergunta: O que é Esclarecimento?" de Immanuel Kant e a Maçonaria, destacando a relação entre os ideais defendidos por ambas as correntes e a influência da Maçonaria no movimento iluminista do século XVIII. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa metodológica, constatou-se que a Maçonaria, enquanto escola de pensamento que busca o aprimoramento humano e a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e livre, promove valores como liberdade, tolerância e respeito às diferenças, ideais também defendidos por Kant. Além disso, o artigo aborda o contexto histórico e social em que o Esclarecimento e a Maçonaria surgiram e se desenvolveram, bem como a relação entre Kant e a Maçonaria em sua época.
A crítica de Nietzsche à linguagem
Authors: SANTOS DIEGO VINÍCIUS BRITO DOS
Published: June 2024

Este artigo examina a crítica de Nietzsche em relação às noções de verdades universais e transcendentais, com foco na natureza metafórica da linguagem. Nietzsche questiona a busca pela verdade na filosofia, argumentando que os filósofos criaram a ideia de um "mundo-verdadeiro" para justificar seus próprios preconceitos morais. Em contrapartida, Nietzsche valoriza o papel das metáforas na comunicação e na atribuição de significados, mas alerta para o perigo de transformá-las em verdades absolutas. Ele reconhece que a linguagem é uma construção humana sujeita a limitações e propõe uma compreensão mais profunda da linguagem como algo intrinsecamente metafórico. Assim, o objetivo principal deste artigo é explorar como Nietzsche apresenta sua abordagem da linguagem como um fenômeno complexo, levando em consideração suas obras e contribuições significativas nessa área.
Max Scheler e a reabilitação da virtude no seio de seu "A reviravolta dos valores"
Authors: FÜHR ROSELE
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho oferece uma apropriação interpretativa do primeiro capítulo do livro “Da Reviravolta dos Valores”, intitulado “Para a reabilitação da virtude” do filósofo alemão Max F. Scheler (1874-1928). O texto escrito durante os anos da primeira grande guerra, busca resgatar o conceito de virtude através da história, em especial a Grécia antiga e a Idade Média, comparando-o com o que se compreendia por virtude a época em que foi escrito. O texto mantém-se atual até os nossos dias, pois, como nos diz em seu prólogo, o intuito do filósofo era auxiliar a juventude alemã a se libertar do ressentimento, tal objetivo nos parece válido, não apenas para a juventude alemã da época, como também, para todos nós no tempo presente, pois, segundo o autor, na nossa era de empreendedores, a palavra virtude tornou-se algo próximo de uma habilidade de ganho, o que faz com que os virtuosos da atualidade metamorfoseassem-na em algo penoso e quase vergonhoso, o que é lastimável, em especial se comparado aos tempos passados, onde a virtude se encontrava entre as mais graciosas e elevadas das qualidades humanas. Assim, o problema que nos promove neste texto é buscar compreender como a virtude caiu em desuso ao ponto de se fazer necessária uma reabilitação e uma recuperação do termo por parte do autor. Na atualidade passamos a crer que a virtude possa ser atingida a partir do hábito do dever, no entanto, nada pode ser mais contrário a própria virtude do que o hábito. Antes, quando a virtude ainda não havia se transformado neste enfeite extravagante e feio, ela era uma qualidade da pessoa mesma. Agora, ao contrário, tornou-se uma habilidade ou capacidade para algo, uma qualidade que a pessoa pode desenvolver ou adquirir. Antes a virtude não servia para as lidas diárias ou para o desfrute de outrem, visto que seu valor ia muito além do que pode ser doado ou aprendido, sendo uma espécie de luz interior que emanava, tão encantadora quanto a beleza. Não era uma palavra vazia que se degradava como o efeito de uma vontade em consonância com o dever. A virtude não era vista como algo inato, mas apontava para uma consciência individual e pessoal do bem, dessa forma o dever se torna um substituto para a ausência de virtude. Por este motivo que o nosso objetivo é buscar compreender como Scheler, no início do século XX, em que a decadência da civilização havia se estabelecido através do período de guerra, em especial na Alemanha, onde os valores humanos passavam por uma crise, pensa a questão da virtude. Buscamos, assim, reconstruir o pensamento do autor, de modo a enfatizar essa transição pela qual a virtude passou e como Scheler pensa tal questão.
Concepções de Larry Laudan para o ensino de ciências da natureza
Authors: GOI MARA ELISÂNGELA JAPPE , BORGES PATRICIA BISSO PAZ
Published: June 2024

Este estudo foi centrado em uma metodologia de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e o método empregado é uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Está fundamentado em Larry Laudan e tem por objetivo apresentar a epistemologia do pesquisador, suas contribuições para o progresso da Ciência, a Taxionomia para os problemas, a sua visão quanto às tradições de investigação e suas contribuições para o Ensino de Ciências. Como resultado aponta-se que a epistemologia de Laudan se mostra apropriada porque traz como principal elemento de sua teoria que a Ciência progride ao resolver problemas, contribuindo para um progresso cognitivo, relacionado às aspirações intelectuais da Ciência, conduzindo ao progresso da mesma pela maneira como resolve, adequadamente ou não, uma série de problemas gerados no meio social.
O conceito de revelação na filosofia de Franz Rosenzweig
Authors: PRASERES JANILCE
Published: June 2024

A Estrela da Redenção é uma obra complexa que possui um mosaico de conceitos e significados que se entrelaçam e marcam profundamente o lugar de Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929) entre os filósofos, pela sua originalidade e visão decisiva, que antecipa o problema da filosofia existencial e nela encontramos, ainda, as referências sobre a formação cultural e filosófica de Rosenzweig. Este, considerado por muitos como um grande expoente do pensamento judaico afirmava que o Judaísmo era o seu método e não o seu objetivo, neste sentido trilha seu percurso filosófico que vai da filosofia à teologia, numa espécie de fusão de conteúdos de filosofia, em que todos convergem para um mesmo caminho: a filosofia dialógica. Assim, temos o intuito de apresentar e compreender como o conceito de Revelação é cunhado na filosofia hebraica de Rosenzweig.
questão do ENEM como ponto de partida para uma atividade de Modelagem Matemática
Authors: Santos Edcléber Carvalho dos , Tortola Emerson , Silva Karina Alessandra Pessoa da , Martins Nágela
Published: June 2024

Este relato apresenta uma experiência com a modelagem matemática em uma turma de 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental, em um colégio localizado no Norte do Paraná. A atividade, com o tema Tempo de Leitura, foi inspirada em um problema de aplicação da prova do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), edição de 2021, e foi planejada para ser desenvolvida como um problema de modelagem. No planejamento foram antecipadas algumas ações que foram implementadas em sala de aula. Para o desenvolvimento da atividade, os alunos foram organizados em grupos e convidados a coletar dados empíricos e fazer uma abordagem matemática para a situação-problema relativa ao tempo de leitura dos estudantes do colégio. Com a experiência, evidenciamos que um problema de modelagem pode emergir de uma questão do ENEM, provocando o envolvimento dos alunos com o tema e discussões que podem direcioná-los a lançar um olhar crítico sobre a temática.
Pesquisa-Extensão e o compromisso com a Educação Ambiental crítico-transformadora
Authors: Alchini Luana , Orlandi Renata , Richetti Graziela Piccoli , Vieira Edilaine Aparecida
Published: June 2024

A crise ambiental mundial está relacionada à alienante relação que a civilização ocidental estabelece entre o modo de produção capitalista e o ambiente. Objetiva-se compreender os sentidos atribuídos à Educação Ambiental por participantes de um curso remoto de curta duração voltado às interações entre o Ensino de Química e a Agroecologia. Visando a formação de sujeitos reflexivos, conscientes dessa crise e engajada(o)s no seu enfrentamento, a perspectiva Crítico-Transformadora fundamentou a investigação. Os discursos enunciados nos Grupos Focais, nos espaços de discussão do Moodle e em dois questionários foram analisados com o aporte da Análise de Discurso. Conclui-se que a(o)s participantes compreendem a complexidade da relação entre o Ensino de Química e a Agroecologia e distanciam-se da concepção de Educação Ambiental conservacionista em alinhamento à perspectiva Crítico-Transformadora. Considera-se que esta pesquisa pode subsidiar o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas emancipadoras envolvendo o Ensino de Química e a Agroecologia.
ÜLKE EKONOMİLERİNDE BİR GÖSTERGE OLARAK KREDİ TEMERRÜT TAKASI (CDS) VE MAKRO BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Sarı Sacit
Published: June 2024

Bir borçlunun temerrüdüne karşı sigorta sunan Kredi Temerrüt Takasları (CDS), bir satıcı ile bir alıcı arasında yapılan ve yatırımcıların temerrüde karşı koruma satın almalarını sağlayan bir sigorta sözleşmesidir. Finansal sermaye akımlarında yaşanan artışlar sonucu riskten korunmak isteyen yatırımcılar, bir ülkenin kredibilitesiyle ilişkili riski azaltmak ve korunmak (hedge) için CDS kullanarak finansal istikrarı artırmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma bağlamında gelişmekte olan bir ülke ekonomisi olarak dış finansmana sıklıkla başvurmak durumunda kalan Türkiye ekonomisinde 2008:01 ile 2023:08 arası dönemde CDS priminin belirleyicileri incelenmiştir. RALS LM birim kök test sonucuna göre düzeyde durağan çıkan seriler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkiler RALS regresyon yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Enflasyon ve Cari işlemler dengesindeki artışlar CDS primini artırmaktadır. Reel Efektif Döviz Kuru, BİST-100 ve Sanayi Üretim Endeksi değişkenleri ise teoride beklenildiği gibi CDS primi üzerinde negatif etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Granger nedensellik sonucuna göre ise, Enflasyon, BİST-100 ile CDS primi arasında çift yönlü Granger nedensellik ilişkilerinin olduğu, Reel Efektif Döviz Kuru, Cari İşlemler Dengesi ve CDS primi arasında ise nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilememiştir.
Railway Track Crack Detection
Authors: Mrs. Suma K R  , Chandana H  , Dakshayini H R  , Deeksha C
Published: June 2024

This paper presents three innovative solutions for enhancing safety and efficiency in rail transport systems. First, an automated level crossing gate system is proposed, integrating Machine-to-Machine communication and Internet of Things technologies to prevent accidents. Second, a crack detection system using Radio Frequency Identification grids is introduced, enabling early detection and prevention of track damage. Third, an automatic fire-initiated braking and alert system for trains is presented, designed to swiftly respond to fire incidents and ensure passenger safety. These solutions offer promising advancements in rail transport safety and efficiency, with potential for widespread adoption and impact
Design Calculation of Three Phase Separator
Authors: Aryan Mahakal  , Rakesh Biradar  , Harsh Dashavantrao  , Shankar Gasti  , Prof. Sachin Mestry
Published: June 2024

This research paper investigates the intricacies of design calculations involved in the development of three-phase separators in the oil and gas industry. Efficiently separating oil, water, and gas mixtures is crucial for maximizing production and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations. The paper explores the fundamental principles and equations used in the design of three-phase separators, including determining vessel dimensions, retention times, residence times, and separation efficiencies. Various factors influencing the design calculations, such as fluid properties, flow rates, pressure drops, and temperature gradients, are thoroughly analyzed. Additionally, the paper explores the importance of computational tools and simulation techniques in optimizing the design process and predicting separator performance under different operating conditions. Practical examples and case studies are provided to illustrate the application of design calculations in the successful implementation of three-phase separators in the oil and gas industry
Unlocking Interactive Learning: Building a Robust Quiz Portal with MERN Stack Technology"
Authors: Hani Kumar  , Manisha Pathak
Published: June 2024

Online learning has become increasingly popular in the digital era, necessitating innovative platforms to effectively engage students. This research outlines the development and implementation of an interactive quiz portal utilizing the MERN (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js) stack to enhance learning outcomes. The portal features a user-friendly interface for easy navigation and access to a diverse range of quizzes on various subjects. To ensure scalability, performance, and real-time interactions, Node.js handles backend operations, React.js manages dynamic interfaces, Express.js is used for server-side development, and MongoDB stores data. The portal includes instant feedback mechanisms, gamification elements, and personalized user profiles to enhance user motivation and involvement. Furthermore, adaptive algorithms are employed to adjust quiz content based on user proficiency levels.
This paper presents the design, development, and implementation of an online test platform using the MERN (MongoDB, Express, React, and Node.js) stack. The portal functions as an all-inclusive platform for administering tests, assessments, and learning evaluations in an online setting. The portal provides smooth integration of frontend and backend activities, guaranteeing strong performance and user interaction, by utilizing the adaptability and scalability of the MERN stack. The portal enables quick development and deployment cycles with the help of MongoDB's document-based data storage, Express.js's effective middleware and routing, React.js's dynamic UI components, and Node.js's event-driven architecture. To improve user experience and learning results, features including interactive feedback mechanisms, real-time performance monitoring, quiz design and administration, and user authentication are easily integrated.
Fixed points of generalized integral type α−F contraction mappings in metric-like spaces
Authors: Heeramani Tiwari  , PADMAVATI
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on generalized integral type α − F contraction mappings in metric-like spaces and certain fixed point results in this setting. We also present some examples to support the validity of the results.
The Effectiveness of Neuro-Linguistic Programming Techniques in Reducing Students’ EFL Oral Disfluencies
Authors: Ali Abdurrauf Mahbob Saif , Al-Muslimi Fazee Khaled Alezi Mohammed
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Neuro-Linguistic Programming techniques (NLP) in reducing EFL oral disfluencies among second-level students in the Department of English, Faculty of Education-Tooralbaha, University of Lahej. A sample of 40 students from the second level of the second semester in the academic year 2021-2022 was selected with a focus on ensuring homogeneity based on their previous grade sheet of speaking skills. The sample was then divided into two groups: an experimental group consisting of 20 students and a control group of the other 20 students.
To achieve the study’s objectives, a pre-test was conducted to measure the oral disfluencies of both the experimental and control groups. Following that, a training program based on NLP techniques was administered to the experimental group over sixteen training sessions during eight weeks. Subsequently, a post-test was conducted to measure the oral disfluencies of both groups to collect the data needed. After conducting appropriate statistical analysis, the findings emphasized the effectiveness of the NLP techniques in reducing instances of students’ oral disfluencies such as pauses and repetitions. These findings emphasize the value of integrating NLP techniques into language teaching and learning providing a practical means to address speech difficulties and cultivate greater fluency and confidence among EFL students. Based on these findings, the researcher has formulated a series of recommendations to leverage NLP in various educational domains.
The place and role of batyrs in the organization of military affairs in the kazakh khanate
Authors: Байсейтов Б.Б.
Published: June 2024

Статья посвящена вопросам места и роли казахских батыров в организации военного дела в Казахском ханстве в XV-XVIII веках. Автор исследует место и роль казахских батыров в организации военного дела и защите Казахского ханства. Военному делу в Казахском ханстве придавалось огромное значение, в котором хорошо сохранились элементы военной демократии. В Казахском ханстве систематично предпринимались шаги по правовому регулированию военного дела. Батыры в Казахском ханстве представляли профессиональное военное сословие, принимавшее активное участие в защите казахской государственности, организации военного дела, руководстве воинскими подразделениями, совершенствовании военной стратегии и тактики, подготовке защитников родной земли. Следовательно, институт батырства был объективно востребован с самого начала образования казахской государственности. Проведенные реформы, касающиеся политического устройства Казахского ханства, также повлияли на роль батыров, их участие в военной и политической жизни государства.

The article is devoted to the issues of the place and role of Kazakh batyrs in the organization of military affairs in the Kazakh khanate in the XV-XVIII centuries. The author explores the place and role of Kazakh batyrs in the organization of military affairs and the protection of the Kazakh khanate. Military affairs in the Kazakh khanate were given great importance, in which the elements of military democracy were well preserved. In the Kazakh khanate, steps were systematically taken to legally regulate military affairs. The batyrs in the Kazakh khanate represented the professional military class, which took an active part in the protection of the Kazakh statehood, the organization of military affairs, the leadership of military units, the improvement of military strategy and tactics, and the training of defenders of their native land. Consequently, the institution of batyrship was objectively in demand from the very beginning of the formation of the Kazakh statehood. The reforms carried out concerning the political structure of the Kazakh khanate also influenced the role of the batyrs, their participation in the military and political life of the state.
A riqueza do consumo: Análise das demonstrações de valor adicionado à luz da Teoria dos Ciclos Econômicos
Authors: Silva Karen Aparecida Batista da , Ferreira Denize Demarche Minatti , Oliveira Monique Cristiane
Published: June 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a variação da riqueza gerada e distribuída entre os agentes econômicos nos setores de consumo cíclico e não cíclico nos períodos de expansão e recessão econômica. A amostra compreendeu todas as empresas dos respectivos setores, segundo classificação setorial da Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão B3 que disponibilizaram a Demonstração do Valor Adicionado (DVA) entre 2009 e 2019. Os resultados apontaram que os setores não apresentaram crescimento na geração de riqueza no período de recessão. Entretanto, a ruptura na tendência de crescimento se apresentou primeiro no setor de consumo cíclico que é considerado sensível em períodos de recessão conforme a Teoria dos Ciclos Econômicos. Com relação à distribuição aos agentes econômicos, o grupo remuneração de capitais de próprios apresentou maiores taxas de crescimento no período de expansão em ambos, contudo no período de recessão esse grupo foi mais impactado por taxas negativas.
DİNAMİK MATEMATİK ÖĞRENME NESNELERİ TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİ: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ORAK Cihan , Turan Zeynep , TAŞGIN Adnan
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, eğitim ortamlarında kullanılan bilgisayar destekli dinamik matematik öğrenme nesnelerinin öğrenme sürecindeki etkililiğine yönelik öğrenci tutumlarını ortaya çıkarabilecek geçerliği ve güvenirliği sağlanmış bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Ulusal ve uluslararası alanyazındaki mevcut çalışmaların incelenmesi doğrultusunda 29 maddelik havuz oluşturulmuştur. Gruplandırma ve ölçek ifadesine dönüştürme işlemleri yapılarak 20 ölçek maddesi belirlenmiştir. Ölçek farklı üniversitelerde eğitime devam etmekte olan geçmişte ve halen dinamik matematik öğrenme nesnelerini kullanan öğrencilere 2022-2023 öğretim yılında veri toplamak amacıyla uygulanmıştır. Yapılan Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) sonucunda 2 alt boyutta toplanan ve alt boyutlarda faktör yüklerinin (>.40) yeterli düzeyde olan 18 madde belirlenmiştir. AFA sonucunda 18 maddeden oluşan dinamik matematik öğrenme nesneleri ölçeğinin genel yapısı ortaya konulmuştur. Ölçek alanında uzman kişiler tarafından isimlendirdiği 2 alt boyuta (öğrenme süreci ve geribildirim, öğrenme içeriği) ilişkin yapı geçerliği Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ile sağlanmıştır. Ölçeğin genel yapısı ve alt boyutlar ile ilgili güvenirlik analizi için Cronbach Alpha değeri hesaplanmıştır. Neticede 2 alt boyut ve 18 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin yapılan analizler doğrultusunda geçerli ve güvenilir olduğuna karar verilmiştir. Dinamik Matematik Öğrenme Nesneleri Tutum Ölçeğinin kullanılabilir düzeyde ve alanında bulunan boşluğu dolduran bir ölçek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Analysis of the Implementation of Gerakan Ayo Sekolah Movement in Improving the Human Development Index in Ketapang District
Authors: Jatmiko Heri , Asriati Nuraini , Syamsuri Syamsuri , Ulfa Maria , Achmadi Achmadi
Published: June 2024

The research analyzes the implementation of Gerakan Ayo Sekolah (GAS) Program in dealing with Out-of-school children (ATS) and Out of School Adults (DTS) in Ketapang Regency. Carried out in four sub-districts, namely Matan Hilir Utara, Muara Pawan, Delta Pawan, and Benua Kayong. This research method uses qualitative research, the results of the analysis show an average of strengths and weaknesses of 3.2, and opportunities and threats of 3. IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary) value is 2.81 and EFAS (External Factor Analysis Summary) is 2.79 placing GAS (Gerakan Ayo Sekolah) in a position of growth. Data shows an increase in the HDI (Human Development Index) from 67.92% (2021) to 68.68% (2023), associated with an increase in the average length of schooling through GAS (Gerakan Ayo Sekolah). A total of 54 individuals returned to school, both formal and non-formal. SWOT analysis integrates internal and external factors towards the implementation of GAS (Gerakan Ayo Sekolah). Matrix IE (Internal External) shows the growth potential of GAS (Gerakan Ayo Sekolah) in increasing the HDI (Human Development Index), with the intersection point in quadrant V, indicating the potential of GAS (Gerakan Ayo Sekolah) in increasing the HDI (Human Development Index) through efforts to overcome dropping out of school and preventing vulnerable children from dropping out of school.
The Effectiveness of Critical Literacy Based Digital Learning Material (CL-DLM) to Increase Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills at Elementary School
Authors: Nurhaedah Nurhaedah
Published: June 2024

This research aimed to develop Thematic critical literacy based digital teacing materials (TCL-DLM) to increase students’ higher order thinking skills at elementary school. This research is a research development with a 4-D model (define, design, develop, and dissemination). Data collection techniques were carried out through teaching material validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, learning implementation observation sheets and tests of higher order thinking skills. The data obtained were analyzed descriptive quantitative. The results of the study show that: 1) The results of the needs analysis are that thematic learning is still limited to the use of teaching materials in the form of theme books and electronic books that have been prepared by the government so that it is necessary to develop practical and effective teaching materials. The students’ higher order thinking skills based on pretest dominated in medium category (51.85%). 2) The development of these teaching materials uses the Four-D teaching material development procedure from Thiagarajan which consists of the defining, designing, developing, and disseminating stages, 3) Thematic critical literacy based digital learning material (TCL-DLM) have met the validity criteria, because the results of validation from material experts and the learning design of teaching materials is in the very valid category (M = 3,82), 4) Thematic critical literacy based digital learning material (TCL-DLM) is in the effective category because there is an increase in the results of tests of higher-order thinking skills after the application of Thematic critical literacy based digital learning material (TCL-DLM) in class VI students of SD Telkom Makassar. Postest category dominated in very good category (81.48%). In addition, teachers and students expressed a positive response. 5) Thematic critical literacy based digital learning material (TCL-DLM) is also in the practical category because it has been well implemented which includes the criteria of ease of use, time efficiency and very practical benefits. The recommendation of this research is Thematic critical literacy based digital learning material (TCL-DLM), needs more developed both in terms of material and features of digital teaching materials and more interesting so students' higher-order thinking skills can be better.
A Model on a Comparative Cross-Regime Analysis on Modelling and Forecasting of the Zimbabwe Stock Market Volatility Using ARCH (1), GARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,2) as the Extension to Account for Leverage Effects from April 2012 to April 2024
Authors: Basvi Brian
Published: June 2024

In order to account for the uncertainty underlying financial asset investments, volatility is crucial. Because of this, politicians, mutual fund managers, individual and institutional investors, and regulators of the financial industry are worried about volatility. In the context of the Zimbabwean stock market, this study aims to investigate how well three econometric models ARCH, GARCH, and EGARCH compare in terms of modelling and volatility predictions. The symmetry impact was estimated using the GARCH and ARCH models, while the asymmetric effect was captured by the EGARCH model, the third model. In light of this, this study employed daily averages for the mining and industrial indices over the period of 16 April 2012 to March 2024. This country was regarded in the literature for stock market volatility modelling and forecasting as efficient and having no volatility. The findings indicate that volatility persists, demonstrating that it takes time for the market to properly assimilate information into pricing and that shocks to conditional variance take longer to fade. Additionally, there is an asymmetry, which suggests that positive and negative news have distinct effects on the stock market and that positive news causes more volatility than negative news. Thus, we draw the conclusion that equally good and negative news have greater effects. During the epidemic, investors rely more on the good news to make wise judgments that increase their profits. Taking the outcomes into account, any measure meant to lessen the pandemic’s effects is beneficial for investment.
Effects of artificial tears on keratocyte cell density after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis: a prospective, comparative, interventional, contralateral eye study
Authors: Md Rejab Noor Shazana , Bin Yusof Muhammad Emy Iekmal , Hilmi Mohd Radzi , Kamal Khairidzan Mohd
Published: June 2024

Background: Flap creation during laser refractive surgery restructures the anterior cornea, particularly the stroma, reducing the keratocyte cell density (KCD). This reduced density makes it challenging to completely regenerate to the presurgical phase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two types of artificial tear (AT) interventions on KCD up to 3 months after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) surgery.
Methods: This prospective, double-blind, comparative, interventional, contralateral eye study recruited patients with myopia scheduled for FS-LASIK. Inclusion criteria were healthy individuals aged 19 – 25 years with moderate or high myopia, a maximum cylindrical error of - 1.25 diopters, and a maximum pupil size of 6.5 mm who had undergone FS-LASIK and completed 3 months of follow-up. Complete optometric and ophthalmologic examinations were performed. Bilateral simultaneous FS-LASIK surgery was performed using the same femtosecond laser platform as in the standard procedure. The Research Randomizer was used to determine the eye to be treated with Systane® Hydration (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) or Systane® ULTRA (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) AT. KCD was examined using real-time images obtained from in vivo confocal microscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 with the Rostock Cornea Module, HRT III RCM); Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) at baseline and 1- and 3-month postoperative visits.
Results: We included 60 eyes of 30 participants with a mean (standard deviation) age of 21.34 (1.85) years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1 who completed 3-month post-FS-LASIK surgery follow-up. KCD did not differ significantly between the two groups at any visit (all P > 0.05); nevertheless, mean KCD was initially reduced up to 1 month postoperatively and then revealed a slight increase up to 3 months postoperatively in Systane® Hydration-treated eyes and continued to reduce in Systane® ULTRA-treated eyes. Intragroup comparisons revealed that the eyes treated with ATs experienced a significant reduction in KCD between the preoperative and 1-month postoperative visits and between the preoperative and 3-month postoperative visits (all P < 0.05). Treatment-related complications were not observed.
Conclusions: Overall, KCD reduced up to 3 months post-FS-LASIK surgery. Both AT types exerted a comparable effect on postoperative KCD up to 3 months. Future studies with a more frequent administration of ATs, longer follow-up periods, and a control group are required before preliminary outcomes of the present study can be generalized.
A practical clinical approach to traumatic choroidal rupture
Authors: Ozer Omer
Published: June 2024

Background: Traumatic choroidal rupture is a posterior segment manifestation of trauma and is more common in closed-globe injuries. It is defined as a tear of the choroid and Bruch’s membrane following blunt trauma. This narrative review summarizes the current literature and provides a practical clinical approach to the diagnosis and management of traumatic choroidal rupture and its complications.
Methods: In this narrative review, we searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database using the search term choroidal rupture to provide a practical and updated approach to traumatic choroidal rupture, focusing on its definition, etiology, diagnosis, imaging, management of complications, and prognosis as mentioned in the literature over the last two decades.
Results: Traumatic choroidal rupture occurs due to increased tensile stress on the eye wall and is three-fold more common in closed-globe injuries than in open injuries. Subretinal or sub-retinal pigment epithelial hemorrhage and macular edema are early signs. Macular involvement is associated with poor visual prognosis. Damage to Bruch’s membrane increases the risk of subretinal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM). Traumatic epiretinal membrane is another complication. Imaging modalities such as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, indocyanine green angiography, conventional fundus fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) can be used in diagnosis or monitoring for complications. OCT-A offers unique opportunities for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of both the initial presentation and possible complications. Frequent follow-up has been suggested in the first year after trauma. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection is effective and less invasive in managing CNVM. The visual outcome depends on the location of the rupture, baseline visual acuity, and presence of optic atrophy or macular holes. Risk factors for developing CNVM include rupture involving the macula, longer rupture length or rupture closer to the foveal center, and older age.
Conclusions: Choroidal rupture is a posterior segment entity that usually occurs after trauma, compromises choroidal vessels and Bruch’s membrane, and can lead to CNVM. The use of novel noninvasive imaging modalities and efficient anti-VEGF therapy to manage this entity or its subsequent complications produces better visual outcomes. Early diagnosis and frequent follow-up of these patients allow treatment of possible complications, thereby improving the visual prognosis.
An update on RPE cell senescence as a key contributor to age-related macular degeneration: support from current and experimental treatments
Authors: Kozlowski Michael R
Published: June 2024

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of vision loss. Its prevalence has increased over the past decade. This increase is partly due to the scarcity of preventive and therapeutic interventions for this disorder, except when it is in its advanced neovascular form. Discovery of effective treatments for AMD is complicated by the multifactorial pathology of the disorder. Thus, it is difficult to determine which potential disease mechanism to target in order to achieve the greatest clinical benefit.
Hypothesis: Over a decade ago, it was hypothesized that many of the pathologies observed in AMD stem from retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell senescence. This provided a potentially key mechanistic target. Supporting this hypothesis, many of the agents that were in development or clinical use for AMD at that time influenced RPE cell senescence, although they were not utilized for this specific effect. The present article re-evaluates this hypothesis by exploring the logical prediction that if RPE cell senescence is a key contributor to AMD, then inhibition of RPE cell senescence is important in the treatment of AMD. If this hypothesis holds true, the inhibition or reversal of RPE cell senescence or its effects should be a common characteristic of new treatments for AMD.
Conclusions: Over the past decade, many agents have been investigated for the treatment of AMD. Although a few were designed to address cell senescence, the majority targeted other potential pathological mechanisms. In support of our original hypothesis, we now present evidence that many of the newer agents investigated for the treatment of AMD, even those that were not meant to reduce cell senescence or its effects, have this function as part of their activity profiles. Further experimental studies or clinical trials exploring the safety and efficacy of inhibiting RPE cell senescence or reversing its effects are needed to pave the way for improved AMD treatment.
Unilateral macular branch retinal vein occlusion in a healthy Indian woman following coronavirus disease vaccination: a case report and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Sanjay Srinivasan , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Kawali Ankush , Gupta Aditi , Mahendradas Padmamalini
Published: June 2024

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines exert ocular adverse effects, including episcleritis, scleritis, anterior and recurrent uveitis, acute macular neuroretinopathy, paracentral acute middle maculopathy, ophthalmic vein thrombosis, Graves’ disease, arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,  non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, multifocal choroiditis, cranial nerve palsies such as facial or abducens nerve palsy, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, acute zoster ophthalmicus following re-activation of the varicella-zoster virus, acute retinal necrosis, and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. In this case report, we explored the possibility of macular branch retinal vein occlusion and its association with COVID-19 vaccination.
Case Presentation: A 44-year-old healthy woman presented with unilateral nonprogressive blurring of vision in the right eye (OD). Her best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) in OD was 20 / 40. The anterior-segment evaluation was normal. Fundus evaluation of the OD revealed macular branch vein occlusion. She had a history of COVID-19 vaccination within 1 month. The interleukin-6 level was elevated six folds to 30.5 pg / mL. However, COVID-19 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were negative. Infective etiologies, such as tuberculosis and dengue, were ruled out. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the OD showed hyperreflective dots in the posterior vitreous, inner retinal swelling, and cystoid changes in the macula. The maximum central macular thickness was 486 mm. A single dose of bevacizumab was administered at OD intravitreally. At the final follow-up 2.5 months later, her BCDVA had improved to 20 / 20 OD. Fundus evaluation revealed fewer retinal hemorrhages and cotton wool spots. SD-OCT of the OD showed a normal foveal contour and absence of cystoid spaces. Her maximum central macular thickness was 236 mm.
Conclusions: A temporal effect of vein occlusion secondary to COVISHIELD™ vaccination may occur in the absence of systemic risk factors. The interleukin-6 level was elevated, and the remaining blood test results were within normal limits. Since this is a case report, it is limited by the absence of strong evidence to prove this causal relationship between macular branch retinal vein occlusion and the specific brand of COVID-19 vaccination.
Impact of patching treatment on quality of life among children with amblyopia in Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: Eslayeh Asmaa H. , Fadzil Norliza Md , Omar Rokiah
Published: June 2024

Background: Eye patching treatment affects the health-related quality of life of children with amblyopia. However, the extent of this effect in Gazan children with amblyopia remains unknown. This study evaluated the effect of patching on the health-related quality of life in Gazan children with unilateral or bilateral refractive amblyopia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Gaza Ophthalmic Hospital, Gaza Strip, Palestine, from September 2019 to October 2020 with adherence to the standard operating procedures of the coronavirus pandemic. Children with refractive amblyopia who completed patching therapy with a successful outcome were recruited. After patching therapy was completed, the parents completed an 18-item parental Amblyopia Treatment Index (ATI) questionnaire via telephone.
Results: Twenty-four children having 36 eyes with refractive amblyopia and a mean (standard deviation) age of 7.6 (1.8) years were included. Children underwent 2 h or 2–6 h of daily patching for 12 or 17 weeks. The mean values for total ATI score, adverse effects subscale, difficulty with compliance subscale, and social stigma subscale were 2.6, 2.6, 2.7, and 2.9, respectively, indicating that part-time patching was mostly accepted and had less impact on health-related quality of life. Treatment compliance was high; children complained at the time of patch application but did not pay attention to the patch once it was in place. In most children, the patch caused no adverse effects related to physical activities such as fun activities, learning, writing or drawing, visualizing, or playing with toys. Social stigma due to patch complications or different perceptions was not a concern. However, the perceptions of others were a major concern (n = 19, 79.2%). No significant association was found between the overall ATI score or the score of any of the subscales (adverse effects, difficulty with compliance subscale, or social stigma) and the child’s age, sex, number of lines improved in visual acuity of the amblyopic eye, severity of amblyopia, laterality, or treatment period (all P > 0.05).
Conclusions: The ATI questionnaire score and its three subscales revealed that the quality of life among Gazan children with refractive amblyopia was less affected by the part-time patching treatment. In the future, the ATI questionnaire could be used with various treatment modalities and types of amblyopia in the same setting to provide more practical guidelines on the management of amblyopia.
The Influence of Statistical Developments on Accounting Practices an inductive study on reality of Basra Companies Practices
Authors: Mohamad P.D. Munir shaker , Al-Hakeem A.P.D. Maani
Published: June 2024

This research aims to study the effects of statistical techniques development and its effect on Practice of accounting and its reports and preparing its studies to show the extent of these techniques on accounting developments. It also aims to show developments in statistical techniques that have affected the process of scientific research in general. A review of statistical literature has been conducted for this purpose. In addition, accounting main applications has been reviewed to see the effect of statistics. The research problem was defined as: “To what extent has the statistics developments affected and facilitate accounting practices”. Research hypothesis was: “The development in statistics has affected accounting practices and facilitates preparing its reports and studies”. The conclusion were research came to a set of conclusions, the first of which is that the developments of statistical techniques and methods has an impact on the development of accounting practice, however its application in Iraq organizations still below the required . The research also came up a recommendations that it is necessary to adopt the developments in statistics methods and techniques and information technology in preparing accounting reports and data, especially in investment report .
The Effect of Non Performing Loan, Agency Cost, Good Corporate Governance, and Credit Policy to Bank Profitability
Authors: Hartanto Elisabeth , Usman Bahtiar , Lestari Henny Setyo , Mustafa Matrodji
Published: June 2024

The study attempts to investigate the effect of Agency Cost (AGCOST), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), interest rate (BI7DAY) and foreign exchange rate (KURS) to bank profitability measured by Return on Assets (ROA). The sample consists of 29 banks listed in Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) during 2012 – 2021. Sampling method was census. Data analysis method was panel data regression method. The novelty of the research is using the ratio of board of director’s and commissioner’s remuneration to total salary as the proxy of AGCOST. GCG was proxied by percentage of institutional ownership. Result shows that NPL, AGCOST and GCG have a significant negative effect to ROA; CAR and BI7DAY have a significant positive effect to ROA; LDR and KURS have a insignificant effect to ROA. Conclusion of the study: escalating the board’s remuneration and institutional ownership will decrease ROA.