bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results and Perspectives of Timepix Detectors in Space - from Radiation Monitoring in Low Earth Orbit to Astroparticle Physics
Authors: Bergmann Benedikt , Gohl Stefan , Garvey Declan , Jelinek Jindrich , Smolyanskiy Petr
Published: November 2023

In space application, hybrid pixel detectors of the Timepix family have been considered mainly for measurement of radiation levels and radiation dosimetry in low earth orbits. By the example of the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM), we demonstrate the unique capabilities of Timepix-based miniaturized radiation detectors for particle separation. Using a novel method for proton spectrum reconstruction, we were able to measure the spectrum of protons trapped in the inner Van-Allen radiation belt, for the first time with a single-layer detector. We assess the measurement stability and the resiliency of the detector to the space environment demonstrating that, even though degradation is observed, data quality has not been affected significantly over more than 10 years. Based on the SATRAM heritage and the capabilities of the latest-generation Timepix-series chips, we discuss their applicability for use in a compact magnetic spectrometer for deep-space mission or in the high radiation environment of the Jupiter radiation belts, and their capability for use as single-layer X- and γ-ray polarimeter. The latter was supported by measurement of the polarization of scattered radiation in a laboratory experiment, where a modulation of 80% was found.
Multi-Site Multi-Pollutant Air Quality Data Modeling
Authors: Hu Min , Liu Bin , Yin Guosheng
Published: November 2023

Air quality is one of the most concerning problems in major industrialized cities in the world. Prediction of future air quality is highly relevant to public health. In some big cities, multiple air quality measurement stations are deployed at different locations to monitor air pollutants, such as NO2, CO, PM 2.5 and PM 10, over time. At every monitoring time stamp t, we observe one station×feature matrix xt of the pollutant data, which represents a spatio–temporal process. Traditional methods on prediction of air quality typically use data from one station or can only predict a single pollutant (such as PM 2.5) at a time, which ignores the spatial correlation among different stations. Moreover, the air pollution data are typically highly nonstationary, We propose a de-trending graph convolutional LSTM (long short term memory) to continuously predict the whole station×feature matrix in the next 1 to 48 hours, which not only captures the spatial dependency among multiple stations by replacing an inner product with convolution, but also incorporates the de-trending signals (transform a nonstationary process to a stationary one by differencing the data) into our model. Experiments on the air quality data of the city Chengdu and multiple major cities in China demonstrate the feasibility of our method and show promising results.
PDT and Immunological View in Gastrointestinal Tumors
Authors: Aebisher David , Woznicki Paweł , Dynarowicz Klaudia , Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota
Published: November 2023

Gastrointestinal cancers are a specific group of oncological processes in which the location and nature of growth are of key importance for clinical symptoms and prognosis. At the same time, as research shows, they can pose a very serious threat to the patient's life, especially at an advanced stage of development. The type of therapy used depends on the anatomical location of the cancer, its type and degree of progression. One of the modern forms of therapy used to treat gastrointestinal cancers is photodynamic therapy, which, as already mentioned, has been approved for the treatment of esophageal cancer in the United States. Despite the increasingly rapidly developing clinical use of this treatment method, the exact immunological mechanism it induces on cancer cells has not yet been known. This article presents the current findings on the mode of action of dynamic phototherapy on cells of various gastrointestinal cancers. There are most of them about the impact on colorectal cancer. The types of cell death induced by PDT include apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis. The anticancer effect also results from the induction of destruction of tumor vessels and activation of the immune system. Most reports exist on the mechanism of apoptosis induction, in which the mitochondrial pathway is most often emphasized. Photodynamic therapy may also have a beneficial effect on such aspects of cancer as the ability to develop metastases, or contribute to reducing resistance to known pharmacological agents.
Hydration Heat and Hydration Kinetics of Cement Paste Compound with Molybdenum Tailings Powder
Authors: Cheng Qinghui , Meng Weiqi , Ma Kunlin
Published: November 2023

Molybdenum tailings powder (MTs) is an industrial waste that contains more than 85% contents of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3. Therefore, MTs has the potential pozzolanic activity and can be used as a mineral admixture in cementitious materials. In order to understand the influence of MTs as an admixture on the cement hydration process, the hydration heat and hydration kinetics of the composite cementitious materials (CCMs) were investigated by an isothermal calorimeter and the Krstulovic-Dabic model. Furthermore, the influences of fly ash (FA), slag (SL) and MTs on hydration heat at the same content were compared and analyzed. Results show that proper amount of MTs can promote the hydration of CCMs. When the content of MTs is not more than 15%, the second exothermic peak of CCMs appears earlier and the peak heat release increases. However, when the content of MTs exceeds 15%, the second exothermic peak of CCMs is delayed and the peak heat release decreases. The cumulative heat release of CCMs gradually decreases with an increasing content of MTs. When the replacement of MTs, FA, and SL is 15% respectively, the addition of MTs enhances the second exothermic peak of CCMs compared to FA and SL. The final heat release of MTs is higher than that of FA, but lower than that of SL. The hydration process of CCMs undergoes three stages: nucleation and crystal growth (NG), interactions at phase boundaries (I), and diffusion (D). The incorporation of MTs shortens the NG stage and I stage.
Comparative Metabolomics Study of Four Kinds of Xihu Longjing Tea based on Machine Fixing and Manual Fixing Methods
Authors: Cui Hongchun , Mao Yuxiao , Zhao Yun , Huang Haitao , Yin Junfeng , Yu Jizhong , Zhang Jian-yong
Published: November 2023

China Xihu Longjing tea famous for its good flavor and quality. However, the related metabolites information except flavonoids is largely deficient. Different processing methods of China Xihu Longjing tea fixing both by machine at first and second step(A1), first step by machine and second step by hand(A2), first step by hand and second step by machine(A3), both by hand at first and second step (A4) were compared using a UHPLC-QE-MS-based metabolomics approach. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of the processed samples. A total of 490 metabolites (3 alkaloids, 3 anthracenes, 15 benzene and substituted derivatives, 2 benzopyrans, 13 coumarins and derivatives, 128 flavonoids, 4 furanoid lignans, 16 glycosides and derivatives, 5 indoles and derivatives, 18 isocoumarins and derivatives, 4 chalcones and dihydrochalcones, 4 naphthopyrans, 3 nucleosides, 78 organic acids and derivatives, 55 organooxygen compounds, 5 phenols, 109 prenol lipids, 3 saccharolipids, 3 steroids and steroid derivatives, 17 tannins) were identified. The different metabolism profiles were distinguished using PCA and OPLS-DA. There were differences in the types and contents of metabolites, especially flavonoids, furanoid lignans, glycosides and derivatives, organic acids and derivatives and organooxygen compounds. There was a positive correlation between flavonoid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. However, there was a negative correlation between flavonoid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which had the same trend as prenol lipids metabolism, tannin.This study provides new valuable information for regarding differences in the metabolite profile of China Xihu Longjing tea processed based on machine fixing and manual fixing methods.
Tools and Methods for Diagnosing Developmental Dysgraphia in the Digital Age: A Brief State-of-Art
Authors: Danna Jérémy , Puyjarinet Frédéric , Jolly Caroline
Published: November 2023

Handwriting is a complex perceptual-motor task that requires years of training and practice before complete mastering. Its acquisition is crucial since handwriting is the basis, together with reading, for the acquisition of higher-level skills such as spelling, grammar, syntax, and text composition. Despite correct learning and practice of handwriting, some children never master this skill to a sufficient level. These handwriting deficits, referred to as developmental dysgraphia, can seriously impact the acquisition of other skills and thus the academic success of the child if they are not diagnosed and handled early. In this review, we present a non-exhaustive listing of the tools which are the most reported in the literature for the analysis of handwriting and the diagnosis of dysgraphia. Tools focusing on both the final handwriting product and the handwriting process will be considered. We will then discuss the pros and cons of the existing tools, and the perspectives for the development of future tools.
Analysis of Touristification Processes in Historic Town Centres: Application to the City of Seville
Authors: Herruzo-Domínguez Germán , Aladro-Prieto José-Manuel , Rey-Pérez Julia
Published: November 2023

Encouraged by the administration the gentrification process has been useful in economic terms for the reactivation of socio-cultural fabrics of historic urban spaces in decline. What was initially considered an advantage has led to the touristification of historic centres, and in turn to the alter-ation of their original use. In these settings, the demographic void caused by increasingly shunning local identity has combined with pressure from excessive tourism and the obsolescence of heritage protection bodies in charge of conservation. Given the crisis affecting the definitions of the current system, this study aims to review the envi-ronmental agents of heritage value in relation to the processes of touristification and gentrification. Data obtained from different methodologies are analysed using a multidisciplinary database, a model which enables the analysis of the relevant information from the different interacting fields. The case study focuses on the historic town centre of Seville specifically between 2015 and 2020. Elements are defined as indicators for these processes and the analysis of the case study will com-prise the main results of this research.
Praktik E-Voting Muktamar Muhammadiyah ke-48: Pendalaman Demokrasi dan Refleksi Etika Politik Islam
Authors: Addiansyah Nur Rofiq
Published: November 2023

This paper wants to reveal the contestation of power in Islamic mass organizations. The contestation for power that usually runs hot turns out to be cold and shady in the Muhammadiyah organization. This progressive Islamic movement uses the e-voting system in its election process. This process started with the selection of 216 leadership candidates, then narrowed down to 126 prospective candidates, 92 prospective candidates, up to 39 candidates and ended with 13 leadership. The tiered selection process from the tanwir meeting until the 13 leaders were elected was carried out through e-voting. There are several advantages of this e-voting system, it is more practical and more time and energy efficient. The e-voting process is also a process of deepening and maturing democracy in the future. Where there are no prominent factions, there are no SARA issues and there is no money politics. Furthermore, if we reflect according to Islamic political ethics, the correct practice of the Muhammadiyah Conference is. How can the values of al is, al musawah, al amanah, al musulliyah and al hurriyah be applied to all the organizing committee, participants and cheerleaders of the Muktamar Muhammadiyah, to become an added value for this Islamic mass organization. The research method we used to compile this research is a qualitative method with a case study type. The practical recommendations that we provide include that the neatly arranged system in Muhammadiyah Ormas can be implemented by other mass organizations or groups. As for theoretical recommendations, namely the need to make a standard approach related to the ideal concept of e-voting,
Medicare Advantage Is Associated with Lower Utilization of Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Anderson Kelly E. , Wu Rachel J. , Darden Michael , Jain Amit
Published: November 2023

Background:

Medicare Advantage (MA) insurers use managed care techniques to review the utilization of medical services and control costs. It is unclear if MA enrollees have a lower utilization of elective surgical procedures such as inpatient hip and knee total joint arthroplasty (TJA), which have traditionally been covered by traditional Medicare (TM) without restrictions.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study using a 20% sample of 2018 TM claims and MA encounter records for 5,300,188 TM enrollees and 1,970,032 MA enrollees who were 65 to 85 years of age. We calculated unadjusted and adjusted differences (controlling for beneficiary and market characteristics) in the incidence of TJA for MA compared with TM, and by MA plan type. Finally, we calculated differences in the time to contact with an orthopaedic surgeon and time to the surgical procedure among enrollees with an osteoarthritis diagnosis.

Results:

After controlling for observable characteristics, there was a 15.6% lower incidence of TJA in MA enrollees compared with TM enrollees (p < 0.001). Compared with TM enrollees, health maintenance organization (HMO) enrollees were 28.1% less likely to undergo TJA, controlling for observable characteristics (p < 0.001). From the initial diagnosis, the time to contact with an orthopaedic surgeon and the time to the surgical procedure were also lower among TM enrollees compared with MA enrollees. At 2 years after an osteoarthritis diagnosis, 10.4% of TM enrollees, 7.9% of preferred provider organization (PPO) enrollees, and 5.7% of HMO enrollees had undergone inpatient TJA.

Conclusions:

MA coverage was associated with a lower utilization of elective, inpatient hip and knee TJA. MA was also associated with a longer time to orthopaedic surgeon evaluation and surgical procedure.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Non-consumptive effects of ant mitigate fruit damage
Authors: Fengqin Cao
Published: November 2023

These studies provide valuable insights into the non-consumptive effects of on B. dorsalis behavior, unraveling the chemical communication between these two invasive species, and offer new pest control methods using invasive predators when direct release is limited.
High-purity monoclinic pyrrhotite derived-from natural pyrite with excellent removal performance for Cr (VI) and its mechanism
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Yuxin , Lv Guocheng , Liu Xin , Liao Libing
Published: November 2023

Pyrrhotite, especially the monoclinic type, is a promising material for removing Cr (VI) from wastewater and groundwater due to its high reactivity. However, the purity of the preparation monoclinic pyrrhotite from heated natural pyrite is not high enough and the role of possible sulfur vacancies in pyrrhotite’s crystal structure has been largely ignored in the removal mechanism of Cr (VI). In this work, we characterized the phase composition changes of annealed pyrite in inert gas and prepared high-purity (~96%) monoclinic pyrrhotite at the optimal condition. We found that it could remove 18.6 mg/g of Cr (VI) by redox reaction, which is the best value reported of natural pyrite derived materials so far. As the reactive media material of simulated permeable reactive barrier, the service life of the high-purity monoclinic pyrrhotite column is 297 PV, which is much longer than that of the pyrite column (50 PV). A new founding is that S2- and S vacancy play the essential role during the redox reaction of pyrrhotite and Cr (VI) . Monoclinic pyrrhotite had more S vacancy than hexagonal pyrrhotite and pyrite, which explained its superior Cr (VI) removal performance.
Optimization of Shot-Peening Parameters for Steel AISI 316L via Response Surface Methodology (RSM): Introducing two novel mechanical aspects
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Pejman , Peral Luis Borja , Pariente Ines Fernández , Belzunce Francisco Javier Varela
Published: November 2023

Shot peening (SP) is a surface modification technique employed to enhance and modify the mechanical properties of metals by inducing compressive residual stresses on the material's surface. AISI 316L stainless steel is a commonly used material in many applications due to its excellent corrosion resistance, weldability and good mechanical properties. The optimization of SP parameters can lead to improved mechanical properties and better performance of AISI 316L. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a statistical method that is used to optimize SP parameters and to study the effect of these variables on the mechanical properties of the steel. RSM involves fitting a mathematical model to the experimental data to identify the significant factors involved and their interactions, and the provided model was the applied to optimize the process attributes. The SP factors that were optimized in this particular investigation using the RSM include coverage time, shot velocity (air pressure), while shot ball size, SP distance and shot angle were maintained constant. The studied mechanical properties include cumulative compressive residual stress (CCRS) and Cumulative Full Width at Half Maximum (CFWHM) as two novel items for researchers, these pioneering and unique conditions present the possibility of acquiring surface charts depicting residual stress distributions, meanwhile Austenite transformation to Martensite due to hard working of SP, Microhardness, and amount of roughness investigated. The effects of SP on these mechanical features were investigated by performing experiments with different parameter combinations and analyzing the results using RSM.
In-situ process monitoring and statistical quantification of powder bed forming and build processes in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Yonehara Makiko , Ikeshoji Toshi-Taka , Ito Akihiro , Tagami Masaharu , Takeshita Koki , Kato Chika , Yanaga Yuma , Kyogoku Hideki
Published: November 2023

Additive manufacturing is an essential technology in digital manufacturing and has been widely applied in various fields. However, because the intrinsic properties of laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) lead to the generation of defects, the development of an in-process monitoring and feedback control technology is necessary to assure the final product quality and process repeatability. In this study, an in-situ process monitoring system capable of simultaneously measuring the surface texture of the powder bed and solidified part and the melt pool behavior was developed. The surface texture of the powder bed and solidified part was quantified by introducing a parameter of 2σ. As a result, since it was difficult to directly correlate the 2σ value with the density of the specimen, the correlation between the surface texture and the density was investigated by introducing the areal surface texture parameter Sal. Consequently, it was revealed that the Sal is one of the effective factors to investigate the correlation with the density of the specimen. Moreover, it was revealed that the unevenness of the solidified part surface impacts the melt pool morphology and the spattering behavior via the in-situ monitoring system. Furthermore, it was elucidated that the shape of the melt pool during multi-track scanning was asymmetric in the scanning direction, and spattering occurs excessively toward the solidified part side because the vapor plume direction turns to the solidified part side due to the asymmetric melt pool via the melt pool monitoring module. Thus, the systematic understanding of the PBF process through the quantification of the surface texture of the solidified part in consideration of melt pool behavior can support the development of a monitoring and feedback control system for PBF machines in the near future.
DRG2 levels in prostate cancer cell lines predict response to PARP inhibitor
Authors: Lee Jeong Min , Lee Won Hyeok , Park Jeong Woo , Kwon Hyuk Nam , Kim Ji Hye , Kim Young Min , Lee Sang Hun , Yoon Ji Hyung , Park Sungchan , Kim Seong Cheol
Published: November 2023

Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2) regulates microtubule dynamics and G2/M arrest during docetaxel treatment. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) acts as an important repair system for DNA damage caused by docetaxel treatment. This study investigated whether DRG2 expression affects response to PARP inhibitors (olaparib) using prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145, LNCaP-FGC, and LNCaP-LN3. Cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting Kit (CCK) assay; anti-DRG2 antibodies were used for western blotting. Cells were transfected with DRG2 siRNA, and pcDNA6/V5-DRG2 was used to overexpress DRG2. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry, and apoptosis was detected using the Annexin V cell death assay. The expression of DRG2 was highest in LNCaP-LN3 and lowest in DU145 cells. Expressions of p53 in PC3, DU145, and the two LNCaP cell lines were null-type, high-expression, and wild-type, respectively. In PC3 (DRG2-high, p53 null), docetaxel increased G2/M arrest but no apoptosis was observed; however, subsequent treatment with olaparib promoted apoptosis. In DU145 and LNCaP-FGC (DRG2-low), docetaxel increased sub-G1 but not G2/M arrest and induced apoptosis, whereas olaparib had no additional effect. In LNCaP-LN3 (DRG2-high), docetaxel increased sub-G1 and G2/M arrest and induced apoptosis, whereas olaparib enhanced apoptosis. Docetaxel and olaparib combination treatment had a slight effect on DRG2-knockdown PC3, but increased apoptosis in DRG2-overexpressed DU145 cells. Therefore, DRG2 and p53 expressions play an important role in prostate cancer cell lines treated with docetaxel, and DRG2 levels can predict the response to PARP inhibitors.
Privacy-Friendly IoT: Does federated learning guarantee privacy?
Authors: Abdollahi Majid
Published: November 2023

Federated learning is an emerging machine learning paradigm where multiple clients train models locally and formulate a global model based on the local model updates. Privacy is one of its essential properties. To determine if federated learning guarantees privacy we study security threats that jeopardize privacy. We also look at these security threats in terms of federated learning applications in the internet of things. Two of these applications include data sharing and giving feedback system. It seems that in the IoT network, some security threats such as deep leakage from gradients and inverting gradients can be eliminated using methods based on differential privacy, but others, such as neural backdoor, are still effective and there is no guarantee of privacy.
Investigation of APE1 and OGG1 expression in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Rostami Manouchehr , Yalin Serkan Feyyaz , Altiparmak Mehmet Riza , Guven Mehmet
Published: November 2023

Background: The role of DNA repair mechanisms is of significant importance in diseases characterized by elevated oxidative DNA damage, such as chronic kidney disease. It is imperative to thoroughly understand the functions of molecules associated with DNA repair mechanisms, not only for assessing susceptibility to diseases but also for monitoring disease progression. In this research, we investigated the APE1 and OGG1 gene expression levels, both of which are involved in the base excision repair (BER) mechanism in chronichemodialysis patients with malignancy (HPM; n=8) and without malignancy (HP; n=36) in pre- and post-dialysis period and 37 healty persons. We also assessed how these values correlate with the clinical profiles of the patients.
Methods & Results: We conducted gene expression analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). No significant differences in APE1 gene expression levels were observed in pre-dialysis when comparing the HP and HPM groups to the control group. The expression levels of the OGG1 gene were significantly lower in both the HP and HPM groups in pre- and post-dialysis periods compared to the control group. Dialysis procedures led to a reduction in APE1 and OGG1 gene expression levels in both HP and HPM groups.
Conclusions: The findings of our study elucidate the impact of alterations in the base excision repair (BER) mechanism, including the hemodialysis process, in end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Decarbonization and Electricity Price Vulnerability: Lessons from the European
Energy Crisis
Authors: Bento Antonio , Bajo-Buenestado Raul , Kaffine Daniel , Marmarelis Zissis
Published: November 2023

Many countries in Europe have substantially increased their share of
carbon-free electricity over the past decades. However, the dramatic
2021-2022 increase in European natural gas prices and electricity prices
has raised concerns about the vulnerability of electricity markets. Here,
we develop a country-specific metric of vulnerability and find that
countries that pursued more aggressive electricity decarbonization are
not more vulnerable to natural gas price shocks. However, countries
with a higher share of intermittent renewable generation are slightly
more vulnerable, potentially due to the complementarity of these technologies
with natural gas generation. We show that heterogeneity in
vulnerability implies country-specific policies are required to avoid unintended
climate consequences of extreme electricity prices, in contrast
to the existing uniform EU price cap. Our results emphasize that
decarbonization goals can still be achieved without risking vulnerability.
A Scoping Review on the Use of Enterprise Social Media for Knowledge Creation and Organizational Learning
Authors: Moumen Mounia , Alem Noureddine , Mediouni Abdeljabbar El
Published: November 2023

Modern societies and advanced economies use knowledge as a catalyst for change and development. Simultaneously, information technology (IT) is regarded as an enabler of communication, knowledge sharing, and learning in the workplace. Enterprise social media (henceforth ESM) are IT tools that initiate social interaction, connect professionals, and facilitate learning in the workplace. While the usage of ESM is growing, existing research on the subject is still limited, and even required, especially in developing countries like Morocco. On the other hand, organizational learning is a challenging subject of research, particularly when it is studied in relation to information technology usage in the workplace. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of relevant research concerning the use of ESM for organizational learning, and knowledge creation and sharing, with regard to work performance and organizational change. We adopted Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework for conducting a scoping review.
Transfer learning for material parameter extraction from current-voltage characteristics of solar cells
Authors: Lin Zhuoyi , Ragab Mohamed , Ren Zekun , Yoon Ji Wei , Buonassisi Tonio , Chellappan Vijila , Jayavelu Senthilnath
Published: November 2023

Solar cells are a critical component of renewable energy systems and are becoming increasingly important as society moves towards decarbonization. To assess their economic viability and sustainability, developing solar technologies with desired performance levels is an important consideration. Among various material parameters, carrier lifetime is one of the key material properties which influences the performance metrics of solar cells significantly. Measurement of carrier lifetime using experimental methods is a complex and tedious procedure, hence machine learning (ML) methods can be used to accelerate the prediction of carrier lifetime from the Current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics. However, ML methods generally require a large amount of data to achieve accurate predictions. To this end, looking for an efficient solution to learn transferable knowledge for the carrier lifetime prediction of different solar cell materials with less data is of utmost significance. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning (TL) framework to learn common knowledge between Silicon (Si), Gallium arsenide (GaAs), and perovskite solar cells (PSC) for carrier lifetime prediction. Our TL framework uses deep neural network (DNN) architecture with two methods, i) pre-training and fine-tuning entire layers, and ii) pre-training and fine-tuning regressor layer alone. Hence, these methods facilitate data-efficient and parameter-efficient learning. In this way, one can improve the accuracy of carrier lifetime prediction by learning with the source material data and fine-tuning with less data for the material of interest (target material data). The experimental results on simulated data and experimental data indicate that TL has autonomously identiﬁed nontrivial transferability across different materials. This leads to faster convergence and more robustness while training a DNN model and higher accuracy for carrier lifetime prediction.
Research on the influencing factors of chip forming in 304 stainless steel deep hole gun drilling
Authors: Lou Jiacheng , Dong Xiaofei , Cao Maozheng , Jiang Jitao , Zhang Yu , Li Liang
Published: November 2023

In deep hole gun drilling, the relationship between process parameters and chip forming process has always been a difficult point in the research of deep hole machining because of the small hole diameter, long hole depth, and narrow chip removal space.304 stainless steel has good corrosion and heat resistance and is widely used in medical treatment, food processing, and other fields. However, it also has processing difficulties, such as high hardness and poor plasticity. Therefore, this paper takes 304 stainless steel as the research object, with the help of Abaqus simulation software, simulates the chip forming process in the process of deep hole gun drilling and studies the influence of process parameters on chip forming. According to the simulation results, based on the fluid-solid coupling theory, the fluid-solid coupling simulation model is established through Ansys-Fluent simulation software. The influence of coolant pressure on chip forming is studied, and the relationship between coolant pressure and chip curling deformation is expounded in different growth periods of chips. Then, the deep hole gun drilling test was carried out, and the chip morphology was analyzed. Finally, the paper revealed the relationship between chip forming and process parameters in deep-hole gun drilling.
NALA: A Nesterov Accelerated Look-Ahead optimizer for deep neural networks
Authors: Zuo Xuan , Zhang Pu , Gao Shan , Li Hui-Yan , Du Wan-Ru
Published: November 2023

A series of adaptive gradient algorithms, such as Adadelta1, Adam2, AdamW3, Adan4 and AdaXod5, has been successfully used in training deep neural networks (DNN). Previous work reveals that adaptive gradient algorithms mainly borrow the moving average idea of heavy ball acceleration to estimate the first- and second-order moments of gradient for accelerating convergence4. However, Nesterov acceleration which uses the gradient at extrapolation point can achieve a faster convergence speed than heavy ball acceleration in theory. In this paper, a new optimization algorithm which combines adaptive gradient algorithm with Nesterov acceleration by using a look-ahead scheme, called NALA, is proposed for deep learning. NALA iteratively updates two sets of weights, i.e., the ‘fast weights’ in its inner loop and the ‘slow weights’ in its outer loop. Concretely, NALA first updates the fast weights k times using Adam optimizer in the inner loop, and then updates the slow weights once in the direction of Nesterov’s Accelerated Gradient (NAG) in the outer loop. We compare NALA with several popular optimization algorithms on a range of image classification tasks on public datasets. The experimental results show that NALA can achieve faster convergence and higher accuracy than other popular optimization algorithms.
Income-Related Gender Differences in Psychiatric Hospital Admissions Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Nieminen Veera , Suokas Kimmo , Hakulinen Christian , Pirkola Sami
Published: November 2023

Children from low-income households have more mental disorders, although these connections have rarely been studied in terms of mental health service utilization in population-based data. In this national register-based cohort study all persons born and living in Finland with their families from 1991 to 2017 (n = 1 520 415) were followed until first psychiatric hospital admission, moving away from home, death, emigration, disappearance, or the end of 2017. We calculated age-, gender-, and household income-specific incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for first admissions. In total, 27 691 (13 829 [49.9%] girls) persons were admitted for the first time to psychiatric hospital during the research period. In girls in all income deciles, IRs distinctly peaked at the age of 15 (at age 15 IR = 74.15, 95% CI 71.19–77.21). In boys, IRs started to increase after the age of 5, especially in the lowest income deciles, and there was no rapid peak in adolescence in any income group (at age 5 IR = 3.36, 95% CI 2.93–3.84; at age 10 IR = 26.13, 95% CI 24.70-27.62; at age 15 IR = 27.82, 95% 26.06–29.67). Overall, we observed a negative income gradient in first admissions, which was steeper for boys than for girls. These results highlight household income as an important risk factor for psychiatric hospitalizations in childhood and adolescence. Notably, low income appears to play a more prominent role in boys, whereas adolescence emerges as a critical period for girls, regardless of their household income levels.
Investigation of tazobactam/piperacillin– or meropenem–induced liver injury based on retrospective observational study and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Shiraishi Chihiro , Kato Hideo , Ogura Toru , Iwamoto Takuya
Published: November 2023

Background
Our objective was to evaluate the association between tazobactam/piperacillin or meropenem and liver injury by performing a retrospective observational study and a study using data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
Methods
In a retrospective observational study, data of patients hospitalized in Mie University Hospital between 2010 and 2022 who initiated treatment with tazobactam/piperacillin or meropenem in the intensive care unit were extracted. Liver injury was defined as an elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) grade based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. The FAERS database between 2013 and 2022 were used.
Results
In the retrospective observational study, multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that the risk factors for liver injury included administration period (odds ratio [OR] = 1.080, p = 0.005), sequential organ failure assessment score (OR = 1.133, p = 0.004), and ALT (OR = 1.042, p = 0.007). Male, age, the fourth–generation cephalosporin, carbapenem, β–lactam and β–lactamase inhibitor combination, and complication of sepsis were associated with liver injury (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The periodic monitoring of liver function is strongly recommended in patients receiving tazobactam/piperacillin or meropenem, particularly in those with multiple risk factors for liver injury.
Bayesian Network-based Mendelian Randomization for Variant Prioritization and Phenotypic Causal Inference
Authors: Sun Jianle , Zhou Jie , Gong Yuqiao , Pang Chongchen , Ma Yanran , Zhao Jian , Yu Zhangsheng , Zhang Yue
Published: November 2023

Mendelian randomization is a powerful method for for inferring causal relationships. However, obtaining suitable genetic instrumental variables is often challenging due to gene interaction, linkage, and pleiotropy. We propose Bayesian Network-based Mendelian Randomization (BNMR), a Bayesian causal learning and inference framework using individual-level data. BNMR employs the random graph forest, a series of Bayesian network structural learning processes, to prioritize candidate genetic variants and select appropriate instrumental variables, and then obtains a pleiotropy-robust estimate by incorporating a shrinkage prior in the Bayesian framework. Simulations demonstrate BNMR can efficiently reduce the false positive discoveries in variant selection, and outperforms existing MR methods in terms of accuracy and statistical power in effect estimation. With application to the UK Biobank, BNMR exhibits its capacity in handling modern genomic data, and reveals the causal relationships from hematological traits to blood pressures and psychiatric disorders. Its effectiveness in handling complex genetic structures and modern genomic data highlight the potential to facilitate real-world evidence studies, making it a promising tool for advancing our understanding of causal mechanisms.
Occupational therapy in variant transthyretin amyloidosis in the Iberian Peninsula. A qualitative study
Authors: Gayà-Barroso Aina , González-Moreno Juan , Rodríguez Adrián , Ripoll-Vera Tomás , López Inés Losada , Gili Margarita , Cisneros-Barroso Eugenia , Paneque Milena
Published: November 2023

Occupational therapy is part of integrated care in health services. However, there is little research on how it is applied to rare diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the occupational therapy situation and services offered to patients diagnosed with variant transthyretin amyloidosis in Portugal and Spain. A structured interview was carried out by an occupational therapist and a genetic counsellor with six Portuguese and four Spanish occupational therapists to collect opinions about the reality of occupational therapy and variant transthyretin amyloidosis. No occupational therapist working with variant transthyretin amyloidosis or other rare diseases was found. Therefore, general aspects of the discipline were discussed in order to study the situation of this profession in general terms. Four interrelated dimensions were considered. The first was a general perspective on psychosocial resources in health care, addressing questions related to the interventions offered to patients; the second and third were professional perspectives, asking questions about the role of occupational therapy in the Portuguese and Spanish psychosocial realities; and the fourth dimension was a social perspective, addressing questions about the role of occupational therapy in the Portuguese and Spanish psychosocial realities. Although this approach is not designed to generalise, it opens up a relevant avenue to explore in this area. The results highlights the importance of further research to develop and implement the discipline of occupational therapy in a multidisciplinary approach after variant transthyretin amyloidosis diagnosis, creating potential strategies to promote its use.
The impact of physical activity and exercise interventions on symptoms for women experiencing menopause: overview of reviews
Authors: Money Annemarie , MacKenzie Aylish , Norman Gill , Eost-Telling Charlotte , Harris Danielle , McDermott Jane , Todd Chris
Published: November 2023

Background
Women experiencing problematic menopausal symptoms report lower health-related quality of life and greater healthcare use than women without symptoms. Not all women want to or are able to take hormone replacement therapy. Strengthening the evidence for menopause symptom-management options, including physical activity, improves agency for women.
Aim
This overview assesses effectiveness of physical activity and exercise interventions targeting women experiencing menopause symptoms.
Methods
Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Social Science Citation Index were searched (June 2023) for systematic reviews of physical activity and exercise interventions targeting women experiencing menopause. Reviews were assessed using AMSTAR-2 and a best-evidence approach to synthesis without meta-analysis (SWIM) was adopted. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022298908).
Results
Seventeen reviews included 80 unique relevant primary studies with 8983 participants. There is evidence showing improvement of physical, urogenital, and total symptoms following yoga interventions. Evidence for vasomotor and psychological symptoms was inconclusive. Findings for aerobic exercise were inconclusive although there were some examples of beneficial effects on total and vasomotor symptoms. Evidence was very limited for other types of physical activity and impact on physical, sexual, urogenital symptoms.
Conclusion
There is some evidence that yoga, and to lesser extent, aerobic exercise may be beneficial for some menopause symptoms, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend a particular form of exercise. Current reviews categorise women on menopause status; broadening this to include ethnicity, income status, employment and other factors will allow better understanding of context for successful interventions.
Effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Curcumin on Glycemic parameters in Polycystic ovary syndrome: Randomized controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Zohrabi Tayebeh , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Jambarsang Sara , Sheikhha Mohammad Hasan , Aflatoonian Abbas , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan
Published: November 2023

Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that can lead to major reproductive and metabolic complications, including infertility and insulin resistance. Management of glycemic parameters is an important step to improve the symptoms of PCOS. Lifestyle-based treatments, including interventions with healthy eating patterns and natural bioactive compounds, may be effective. This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and curcumin co-administration on glycemic parameters in normal weight and overweight/obese women with PCOS undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Methods
In this double-blind randomized factorial study, 104 infertile women with PCOS were divided into four intervention groups considering treatment conditions and body mass index (BMI). For 12 weeks, they received 500 mg twice daily of curcumin or placebo along with a DASH or standard diet, based on macronutrient composition (52% carbohydrate, 18% protein, and 30% total fat).
Results
Participants adhered to the intervention protocol (> 80%). Insulin levels in the supplemented group decreased significantly and remained significant even after adjusting for confounding variables (BMI, Energy difference, age and physical activity levels at the baseline) group (ß =34.77, 95% CI (4.93, 64.62), P-Value= 0.023). HOMA-IR also decreased significantly in supplement group (ß =7.616, 95% CI (0.889, 14.34), P-Value= 0.027), after controlling for confounders in the first model and other adjusted models. Changes in fasting blood sugar and insulin sensitivity were not significant in the supplement and diet groups.
Conclusion
The results of the study show that adding curcumin to the DASH diet can have positive effects on reducing insulin levels and improving insulin resistance, and lead to faster recovery of hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, investigating the combined effect of other dietary patterns and bioactive compounds is recommended. Trial Registration Number (TRN): IRCT20200915048731N1, URL: https://www.irct.ir/trial/50970; Date of registration: September 29, 2020.
Examining the Mediation Role of Parental Guilt in the Relationship Between Working Mothers' Smartphone Addiction and Their Children's Problematic Technology Use
Authors: Sarıyıldız Fatma Miray , Erus Seher Merve
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to examine the mediation of parental guilt in the relationship between smartphone addiction in working mothers and problematic technology use among their preschool children. A total of 260 working mothers, aged between 22 and 50, with preschool children, participated in the study. The study utilized the "Personal Information Form," "Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Form," "Parental Guilt Scale," and "Problematic Technology Use Scale for Children." SPSS bootstrapping analysis was applied to investigate the mediation of parental guilt in the relationship between mothers' smartphone addiction and their preschool children's problematic technology use. The analysis revealed that parental delinquency mediated the relationship between mothers' smartphone addiction and their children's problematic technology use. The study's findings were discussed in the context of existing literature, and recommendations were provided.
A new contact and road model for multi-body dynamic simulation of wheeled vehicles on soft-soil terrain
Authors: Koutras Evangelos , Leila Felipe Moretti , Ribaric Adrijan , Natsiavas Sotirios
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a new high-performance and memory-efficient contact and road model is developed. Specifically, the road is modeled as a rectangular structured grid of deformable springs in the vertical direction, thus enabling fast execution. The new road model stands out due to its ability to handle large road scenarios by allocating computer memory dynamically for each spring, resulting in efficient memory utilization. Furthermore, each spring represents a small road patch that entails various information, such as the soil elevation, the soil properties, and the soil compaction, allowing for complicated simulations incorporating spatially varying soil properties as well as phenomena related to the multipass effect. In addition, using the new contact model, complex terrain geometries are handled in a computationally efficient way by approximating locally the irregular road profile with a suitable equivalent plane. For this, two different strategies are proposed. Namely, the Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation method and the 3D Enveloping contact model. Finally, the proposed techniques are implemented in Altair MotionSolve, a comprehensive multibody simulation software for complex mechanical systems. In particular, a single-wheel test bed is initially examined, followed by a four-wheeled rover model and the Next-Generation NATO reference mobility model (NG-NRMM). In all cases, the proposed model is validated by using available experimental data. Lastly, a case involving both wheeled and tracked vehicles is also examined by using a shared road model.