bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The loss of hepatitis B virus receptor NTCP/SLC10A1 in human liver cancer cells is due to epigenetic silencing
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa K. , Liu Cheng-Der , Zhang Liyong , Yu Xiaoyang , Kim Elena S. , Liu Zhentao , Jo Sumin , Liu Yuanjie , Huang Yufei , Gao Shou-Jiang , Guo Haitao
Published: September 2024

Human Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (hNTCP) is predominantly expressed in hepatocytes, maintaining bile salt homeostasis and serving as a receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV). hNTCP expression is downregulated during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying hNTCP dysregulation using HCC tissues and cell lines, and primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). Firstly, we observed a significant reduction of hNTCP in HCC tumors compared to adjacent and normal tissues. Additionally, h
NTCP
mRNA levels were markedly lower in HepG2 cells compared to PHHs, which was corroborated at the protein level by immunoblotting. Sanger sequencing confirmed identical sequences for h
NTCP
promoter, exons, and mRNA coding sequences between PHH and HepG2 cells, indicating no mutations or splicing alterations. We then assessed the epigenetic status of h
NTCP
. The h
NTCP
promoter, with low CG content, showed no significant methylation differences between PHH and HepG2 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) revealed a loss of activating histone posttranslational modification (PTM) H3K27ac near the h
NTCP
transcription start site (TSS) in HepG2 cells. This loss was also confirmed in HCC tumor cells compared to adjacent and background cells. Treating HepG2 cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors enhanced H3K27ac accumulation and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding at the h
NTCP
TSS, significantly increasing h
NTCP
mRNA and protein levels, and rendering the cells susceptible to HBV infection. In summary, histone PTM-related epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in hNTCP dysregulation in liver cancer cells, providing insights into hepatocarcinogenesis and its impact on chronic HBV infection.

IMPORTANCE

HBV is a hepatotropic virus that infects human hepatocytes expressing the viral receptor hNTCP. Without effective antiviral therapy, chronic HBV infection poses a high risk of liver cancer. However, most liver cancer cell lines, including HepG2 and Huh7, do not support HBV infection due to the absence of hNTCP expression, and the mechanism underlying this defect remains unclear. This study demonstrates a significant reduction of hNTCP in hepatocellular carcinoma samples and HepG2 cells compared to normal liver tissues and primary human hepatocytes. Despite identical h
NTCP
genetic sequences, epigenetic analyses revealed a loss of the activating histone modification H3K27ac near the h
NTCP
transcription start site in cancer cells. Treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors restored H3K27ac levels, reactivated h
NTCP
expression, and rendered HepG2 cells susceptible to HBV infection. These findings highlight the role of epigenetic modulation in h
NTCP
dysregulation, offering insights into hepatocarcinogenesis and its implications for chronic HBV infection.
Medical examiner service in children’s deaths: a survey of current practice in paediatric intensive care units in England and Wales
Authors: Aziz Omer , Fraser James , Schadenberg Alvin
Published: September 2024

Introduction

A statutory system of medical examiners (ME) was introduced in England and Wales in September 2024. The next of kin will be given the opportunity to speak to the ME and all medical certificates of cause of death (MCCDs) will require an ME countersignature. In children, there is already established guidance for a comprehensive child death review (CDR) that encompasses best operational practice with statutory requirements that must be followed.

Objective and design

A national survey of all paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in England to evaluate the processes where both systems have been adopted.

Results

21 of 23 (91%) PICUs responded. 75% of the surveyed PICUs have ME services established. Of these, 60% reported that the ME reviewed all deaths, including those reported to the coroner. Out-of-hours ME provision was available in only 33% of the surveyed PICUs and no review of medical notes occurred in 27% of cases. 60% of the respondents agreed ME scrutiny improved the quality of the MCCD. 40% of the respondents believed that ME review might cause delay in cultural or religious rites and the offer of organ donation.

Conclusion

A national ME service has potential to improve the quality of national mortality data and give voice to bereaved families’ concerns. However, in relation to children’s deaths, it needs to interface with existing statutory expectations that have similar objectives. We recommend that prospective audit be conducted to ensure both CDR and ME systems are coordinated to each other’s mutual benefit.
Natural history of otitis media with effusion-related hearing loss in children under 12 years: a systematic review
Authors: Paing Aye , Elliff-O’Shea Laura , Day John , Holland Brown Tamsin , Arnold Stephanie , Royds Jennifer , Kennedy Veronica
Published: September 2024

Objective

To assess natural history of otitis media with effusion (OME)-related hearing loss and OME causing hearing loss in children under 12 years.

Methods

Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, INAHTA database, CENTRAL, CDSR, Epistemonikos and PsycINFO were searched to identify observational single group studies, and comparative studies with untreated control arms published in English up to June 2022, reporting natural history of OME-related hearing loss and OME causing hearing loss. Risk of bias and overall quality of evidence were assessed using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, respectively.

Results

Thirteen studies with 24–639 children were included. Resolution of OME-related hearing loss was 50% by 3 months, 60% by 6 months and 61–77% by 12 months. Resolution of OME causing hearing loss (OME of <1 month, >3 months, >6 months or unknown duration before follow-up) was 23–55% by 3 months, 20–50% by 6 months, 31% by 9 months and 21–93% by 12 months, depending on population and how resolution was defined. Resolution of chronic OME (OME of >12 months duration before follow-up) was only 7% by 1 month, 12% by 6 months and 6% by 12 months. Resolution was only 42% by 57 months in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia.

Conclusions

There was greater resolution of OME-related hearing loss over longer follow-up periods. Resolution of OME causing hearing loss also showed a trend towards greater resolution over longer follow-up periods; however, this did not follow a linear pattern, potentially due to differences in populations and definitions of resolution across studies.
Isospin sum rules for the nonleptonic B decays
Authors: Wang Di
Published: September 2024

Isospin symmetry, as the most precise flavor symmetry, can be used to extract information about hadronic dynamics. The effective Hamiltonian for bottom quark weak decay is zero under the isospin lowering operators $$I_-^n$$

I
-
n

, which allows us to generate isospin sum rules through several master formulas. In this work, we derive the master formulas of isospin sum rules for the two- and three-body non-leptonic decays of B mesons. Numerous new isospin sum rules, especially those involving three or more decay channels, are proposed. The isospin sum rules can be used to test isospin symmetry and provide hints the isospin partners of exotic hadrons in B decays. It is found ten percent isospin breaking only in decay modes involving two vector mesons, indicating the complex dynamics of vector mesons. Besides, the isospin analysis suggests the charm tetraquark resonances might be observed in the $$ B^- \rightarrow J/\Psi \pi ^-\overline{K}^0$$

B
-

→
J
/
Ψ

π
-

K
¯

0

, $$\overline{B}^0 \rightarrow J/\Psi \overline{K}^0\phi $$

B
¯

0

→
J
/
Ψ

K
¯

0

ϕ

, and $$\overline{B}^0\rightarrow D^0\overline{D}^0\overline{K}^0$$

B
¯

0

→

D
0

D
¯

0

K
¯

0

modes.
RECOGNITION OF 3D SURFACE FRACTAL DIMENSION BASED ON CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: WANG LIUQUN , LEI SHENG , WANG ZIJIE
Published: September 2024

Fractal dimension (FD), as an important parameter for the surface morphology of mechanical machining, can be used to analyze the friction characteristics of contacting surfaces. The accurate and rapid measurement of the FD is of significant importance. To this end, this paper presents a novel approach based on a convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) for the recognition of three-dimensional FDs on machined surfaces. We construct a dataset of anisotropic rough surfaces with different FDs using the Weierstrass–Mandelbrot (WM) fractal function and use a one-factor experimental design to analyze the influence of network parameters (network depth, filter size, filter quantity) on the accuracy of FD identification, finding the optimal combination of neural network parameters. By comparing our 3D-CNN method with three other methods (differential box-counting (DBC), triangular prism surface area (TPSA), and fractal Brownian motion (FBM)), we validated the effectiveness of our proposed method. The experimental results show that the average absolute percentage error of FD calculated by the 3D-CNN method can be controlled within 2%, and the method exhibits small errors throughout the full dynamic range of FDs. We also apply the proposed method to calculate the FD of the vertical milling surface and compare the results with the TPSA and FBM methods. The results show that the FD obtained by our method is close to the other two methods, and can be used to calculate the FD of three-dimensional surface profiles, thereby providing a new approach for the dynamic modeling and parameter identification of contact surfaces.
AVERAGE GEODESIC DISTANCE OF (2 × 3)-TYPE HYBRID SIERPINSKI GASKET
Authors: GU JIANGWEN
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we obtain the average geodesic distance of the [Formula: see text]-type hybrid Sierpinski gasket, using the method of finite pattern.
MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS OF THE DIVERGENCE POINTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GROWTH OF DIGITS IN ENGEL EXPANSIONS
Authors: SHANG LEI , CHEN YAO
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we are concerned with the multifractal analysis of the divergence points in Engel expansions. Let [Formula: see text] be an irrational number with Engel expansion [Formula: see text]. For any [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] We prove that the Hausdorff dimension of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text], and it is zero when [Formula: see text]. This indicates that the Hausdorff dimension of [Formula: see text] is independent of [Formula: see text]. A very different phenomenon is shown for the gap of consecutive digits. For any irrational number [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. We derive that, for any [Formula: see text], the set [Formula: see text] has Hausdorff dimension [Formula: see text].
F-Bypass: A Low-Power Network-on-Chip Design Utilizing Bypass to Improve Network Connectivity
Authors: Ouyang Yiming , Yuan Shuaijie , Li Jianhua , Liang Huaguo
Published: September 2024

With the development of transistor feature size to nanometer level, static power consumption has gradually become the main factor affecting the overall power consumption of network-on-chip (NoC). Power gating is an effective technology to reduce static power consumption, but it also brings new challenges, such as BET violation, wake-up latency and network connectivity. Therefore, a power gating method is needed to improve NoC performance and reduce static power consumption. This article proposes a low-power bypass method, namely Forwarding bypass (F-Bypass). First, F-Bypass adds bypass paths between all input and output ports and the network interface (NI) and connects the pop-up port and injection port in NI through the bypass path. When the router is powered off, F-Bypass performs wake-up-free packet transmission, which reduces the break-even time (BET) violation and cumulative wake-up latency while ensuring network connectivity. Secondly, this article adds the modified VC state table to NI so that the power-off router can perform normal traffic control. Finally, a new wake-up criterion is proposed, which can effectively avoid the frequent wake-up of power-off routers, and the detailed hardware implementation of F-Bypass is provided. The simulation results under integrated traffic load show that compared with the traditional scheme, the delay of F-Bypass is reduced by 2.2%, the throughput is increased by 13.1%, and the total static power consumption is reduced by 75.2%. Key performance indicators are superior to other solutions, and the increased area cost is moderate.
Online Incentive Protocol Design for Reposting Service in Online Social Networks
Authors: Gu Haoran , Zheng Shiyuan , Liu Xudong , Xie Hong , Lui John C.S.
Published: September 2024

Reposting plays an essential role in boosting visibility on online social networks (OSNs). In this paper, we study the problem of designing “reposting service” in an OSN to incentivize “transactions” between requesters (users who seek to enhance visibility) and suppliers (users who are willing to repost if certain incentives are given), and maximize the
welfare increase
accumulated through a given time horizon. We formulate a mathematical model for reposting which captures various factors like click-through rates (CTRs), requesters’ valuations and suppliers’ costs. We formulate the problem of maximizing the welfare increase via judiciously assigning suppliers to requesters from two aspects: (a) “user-centric” and (b) “platform-centric”. The user-centric aspect deals with situations where requesters and suppliers collaborate and share valuations and costs. To address the challenge of unknown CTRs, we propose an online learning protocol and achieve a sub-linear regret. The platform-centric aspect corresponds to the scenario where users keep their valuations or costs private. To address the challenges of unknown CTRs, valuations and costs, we design an “explore-then-commit” online protocol. We prove the truthfulness of the proposed online protocol, and we also prove that this protocol has a sub-linear regret. Lastly, we conduct extensive experiments on six public datasets to evaluate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed protocols.
Contingency and Synchrony: Interactional Pathways Toward Attentional Control and Intentional Communication
Authors: Wass S.V. , Phillips E.A.M. , Haresign I. Marriott , Amadó M. Perapoch , Goupil L.
Published: September 2024

In this article we examine how contingency and synchrony during infant–caregiver interactions help children learn to pay attention to objects and how this, in turn, affects their ability to direct caregivers’ attention and to track communicative intentions in others. First, we present evidence that, early in life, child–caregiver interactions are asymmetric. Caregivers dynamically and contingently adapt to their child more than the other way around, providing higher-order semantic and contextual cues during attention episodes, which facilitate the development of specialized and integrated attentional brain networks in the infant brain. Then, we describe how social contingency also facilitates the child's development of predictive models and, through that, goal-directed behavior. Finally, we discuss how contingency and synchrony of brain and behavior can drive children's ability to direct their caregivers’ attention voluntarily and how this, in turn, paves the way for intentional communication.
Exploiting the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Frequency Profiles for State-of-Health Predication of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Al-Hiyali Mohammed Isam , Kannan Ramani , Alharthi Yahya Z. , Shutari Hussein
Published: September 2024

Battery Management Systems (BMS) are essential for optimizing battery performance and extending lifespan through continuous monitoring and decision-making via control sensors. The State of Health (SOH) is one of the BMS metrics that provides valuable information on battery health and degradation. However, one of the main challenges in the BMS domain development is finding accurate and effective algorithms for battery SOH prediction, especially for electric vehicles and grid-connected energy storage systems. This study introduces a new SOH prediction method using wavelet-convolutional neural regression networks (CNRN) algorithms. The methodology involves extracting detailed frequency profiles from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data, which are processed through wavelet transformation to capture both time and frequency domain features. These transformed profiles are then input into the CNRN model for SOH prediction. The results demonstrate improved SOH prediction accuracy with EIS frequency profiles, evidenced by a reduction in root mean square error (RMSE) compared to the standard EIS profile. This improvement is due to the fact that the wavelet-CNRN algorithm efficiently captures both the time and frequency features of the battery impedance. Moreover, the performance of the proposed algorithm demonstrated robustness in early end-of-life (EOL) prediction, thereby enhancing the reliability and safety of BMS functions.
Stochastic Enantioselective Microsensors Used for Enantioanalysis of Limonene in Beverages
Authors: Stefan-van Staden Raluca-Ioana , Niculae Andreea-Roxana , van Staden Jacobus (Koos) Frederick
Published: September 2024

Enantioanalysis plays a very important role in different fields (e.g., health, pharmaceutics), including food sciences. (R)-limonene is responsible for the fragrance of the juice while the (S)-limonene’s flagrance does affect the test of beverages. Enantioanalysis, based on utilization of stochastic enantioselective microsensors designed using the immobilization of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine (TPP) and of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin iron (III) chloride [Fe(TPFPP)]Cl in reduced graphene oxide decorated with Pd(0) and with gold nanoparticles, was performed to discriminate between the enantiomers S and R of limonene to determine racemization processes, and the source of the limonene. The signatures of the enantiomers are different when both microsensors were used, proving there enantioselectivity. The highest sensitivity for the assay of S-limonene was achieved by using the stochastic enantioselective microsensor based on [Fe(TPFPP)]Cl while the highest sensitivity for the assay of R-limonene was achieved when the stochastic enantioselective microsensor based on TPP was used. High reliability was achieved when the enantioanalysis of limonene was performed from different beverages.
The Beneficial Effect of Pressure for Lithium Ion Battery Cells through Gas Dissipation
Authors: Büscher K. , Heidrich B. , Winter M. , Niehoff P.
Published: September 2024

Pressure is often applied to improve the performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) during cyclic aging. However, the reasons for the performance impact of compression is still unclear. For this, LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) based LIB pouch cells with graphite based and SiOx based negative electrodes were used. Further, the electrolyte composition was varied between vinylene carbonate (VC) -containing and VC-free electrolytes. The cells were cyclic aged at 20 or 60 °C under three different conditions: without compression, compression (∼1.9 bar) only during formation and compression during formation and cyclic aging. Compression during formation increased obtainable capacity and decreased capacity loss, if gassing was present. However, no additional long-term effect of cells where pressure was applied during formation was observed during cyclic aging without compression at 20 and 60 °C. Compression during cyclic aging increased the obtainable capacity, when the cells were gassing during cycling as at 60 °C. Otherwise, if the cells were not gassing, as at 20 °C, no further effect of compression was observed during cycling. The results highlight that pressure only had a beneficial effect if cells were gassing.
Acute normobaric hypoxia causes a rightward shift in the torque-frequency relationship but has no effect on postactivation potentiation
Authors: Bruce Christina D. , Debenham Mathew I. B. , Dalton Brian H. , McNeil Chris J.
Published: September 2024

Postactivation potentiation of the knee extensors was unaffected by 4 h of normobaric hypoxia exposure but may be confounded by hypoxia-related impairments to the conditioning contraction. In the dorsiflexors, contractile rates increased in hypoxia, which led to a rightward shift of the torque-frequency relationship, such that a higher frequency was required to obtain 50% of maximal torque. These results expand our understanding of the acute effects of hypoxia on skeletal muscle function.
Sex differences in biomarkers of end-organ damage following exertional heat stroke in humans
Authors: Goodwin Kari C. , Giersch Gabrielle E. W. , Murray Timothy A. , DeGroot David W. , Charkoudian Nisha
Published: September 2024

We studied otherwise healthy women and men after exertional heat stroke in a military training environment. Peak values for biomarkers of kidney and muscle damage were lower in women compared with men despite similar (highest recorded) body core temperatures. During recovery, organ damage markers were similar or lower in women. These sex differences may indicate differences in the pathophysiology of responses, but more work is needed to clarify specific mechanisms.
Temporal changes in the mouse gut bacteriota influenced by host sex, diet, and exercise
Authors: Dowden Robert A. , Kerkhof Lee J. , Wisniewski Paul J. , Häggblom Max M. , Campbell Sara C.
Published: September 2024

This study demonstrates that host sex, diet, and exercise can each modulate gut bacterial community structure, which may have consequences to host physiology. Our analysis shows selection of novel strains and genera for some members of the Oscillospiraceae and Muribaculaceae by host sex, diet, and activity status. Overall, these findings provide a framework for detecting the next generation of beneficial bacteria targeting obesity and associated metabolic diseases in a sex-specific manner.
Skin heating during simulated hemorrhage lowers arterial blood pressure but not tolerance following exercise in a cold environment
Authors: Tracy Phillip , Hill Joel , Liester Jai , Sullivan Kevin , Pearson James
Published: September 2024

Skin heating helps avoid hypothermia in trauma victims but may influence arterial blood pressures, thus helping to guide resuscitation depending on the type of injury. Following exercise in a cold environment, arterial blood pressure was elevated during LBNP with cold skin but lowered with skin heating without changing LBNP tolerance. These findings are important for understanding the effect of skin heating on arterial blood pressure control in the prehospital and combat casualty care of trauma victims.
Increased luminal area of large conducting airways in patients with COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Zaremba Solomiia , Miller Alex J. , Ovrom Erik A. , Senefeld Jonathon W. , Wiggins Chad C. , Dominelli Paolo B. , Ganesh Ravindra , Hurt Ryan T. , Bartholmai Brian J. , Welch Brian T. , Ripoll Juan G. , Joyner Michael J. , Ramsook Andrew H.
Published: September 2024

Three-dimensional reconstruction of airways has shown increased luminal area in patients with COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 when compared with healthy controls. These findings suggest the role of large conducting airways in the pathogenesis of post-acute sequelae of COVID 19.
Breakfast skipping suppresses the vascular endothelial function of the brachial artery after lunch
Authors: Kashima Hideaki , Seo Natsuki , Endo Masako Yamaoka , Kanda Masako , Miura Kohei , Kashima Naomi , Miura Akira , Fukuba Yoshiyuki
Published: September 2024

Skipping breakfast does not affect vascular endothelial function (VEF) before lunch. However, after lunch on normal meals (i.e., not oral glucose tolerance test), VEF was found to be lower in those who skipped breakfast than those who ate breakfast. Such reduced postlunch VEF after skipping breakfast was associated with postprandial hyperglycemia. These results provide important insight into the impact of eating breakfast on VEF and glycemic control in healthy adults.
Development and Evaluation of In‐House ELISAs for the Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2‐Specific Antibodies in COVID‐19 Patients in Sri Lanka
Authors: Pathirana Sisira L. , Deepachandi Bhagya , Gunasekara Peshala , Fernando Narmada , Perera Inoka C. , Gangani Dakshika , Thambyarajah James , Dasanayake Dhanushka , de Silva Rajiva , Premawansa Sunil , Nitsche Andreas , Handunnetti Shiroma M.
Published: September 2024

COVID‐19 serological tests complement the molecular diagnostics and can be used as important tool for serosurveillance and vaccine efficiency evaluation. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the diagnostic performance of an in‐house ELISA for retrospective serosurveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2. Total IgG and IgM levels in sera of PCR positive SARS‐CoV‐2 patients (n = 50) from North Colombo Teaching Hospital were evaluated and compared with sera (n = 50) collected from prepandemic healthy individuals as controls. Patient sample collection was initiated before vaccination programme was widely started within the country. Seropositivity of 94.0% (n = 47/50) was observed for either IgG or IgM anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies against receptor binding domain of spike protein or nucleocapsid protein in confirmed cases while none of controls were seropositive. In contrast, the seropositivity of only 48.0% (n = 24/50) was demonstrated with commercial ELISA kits for detection of IgG or IgM. All samples detected seropositive by commercially available kits remained seropositive with either in‐house IgM or IgG ELISA. Significant correlations (p ≤ 0.001) were observed between Ab levels and day of sampling from the onset of illness. The overall sensitivity values of the in‐house assays were 66.7%, 96.9%, and 100.0% for the first, second, and third week or longer after onset of symptoms for either in‐house IgM or IgG ELISAs. Majority of the patients (>80.0%) were seropositive, regardless of age (<60 vs. >60 years), gender (male vs. female), or clinical severity (mild vs. moderate/severe). These data suggest that the developed in‐house ELISAs can be applied to assess anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels induced by either natural infections or vaccination.
Transient Characteristics and Performance of a Dual Compensation Chamber Loop Heat Pipe under Various Heat Loads
Authors: Mohanraj P. , Sridhar R. , Gopalakrishnan T. , Manikandan R. , Bhowmik Abhijit
Published: September 2024

The dual compensation chamber loop heat pipe (DCCLHP) technology shows great promise for efficient thermal management in a variety of applications. This study focuses on refining the startup performance of the DCCLHP, particularly for low heat load conditions in terrestrial settings, by utilizing dual bayonet tubes. Empirical investigations examined the DCCLHP’s operational characteristics and improved thermal transfer capabilities across different orientations of the evaporator and compensation chamber (CC), including vertical, 45‐degree tilt angle, and horizontal configurations. Key results demonstrate the DCCLHP’s ability to manage low heat loads across diverse orientations, achieving over 400 W of heat transfer across a distance of 2.0 m while maintaining stable operation. Notably, the DCCLHP operation did not exhibit any significant instability issues. This work enhances the startup performance of the DCCLHP in various orientations and provides valuable insights into the confined natural circulation phenomenon, crucial for improving the overall thermal management capabilities of the system. In summary, the study highlights advancements in DCCLHP design and its potential to address thermal management challenges in diverse applications, particularly in the aerospace industry, through improved startup performance and enhanced heat transfer capabilities.
Dietary Chlorogenic Acid Improved Muscle Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Pro‐Inflammatory Responses of Blackspotted Croaker Protonibea diacanthus
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Guo Haoji , Lin Jiali , He Xianda , Rong Hua , Lin Fan , Wen Xiaobo
Published: September 2024

The widespread use of commercial feeds with high‐fat content in aquaculture may lead to oxidative stress and inflammation in fish during culture, which may cause changes in fish muscle texture. Therefore, mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation during fish farming holds paramount importance in improving fish muscle quality. In this study, we investigated the effect of different dietary levels of chlorogenic acid (CGA; 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 mg/kg diet, P1–P6) in commercial diets on the muscle of blackspotted croaker (Protonibea diacanthus) through an 8‐week feeding trial in open sea cages. The results showed that high dietary CGA levels (P5–P6) could significantly reduce muscle oxidative stress and inflammation (P < 0.05). Muscle toughness (hardness, chewiness, shear force, and gumminess) improved significantly as CGA levels increased (P < 0.05). It was also observed that the gap of muscle fiber was significantly reduced, while the muscle fiber density was significantly increased with the increase of CGA level (P < 0.05). Notably, dietary CGA also had a significant effect on collagen content in the muscle (P < 0.05), which may also be a crucial factor affecting muscle texture. Furthermore, it was found that the reduction of inflammation and increase of collagen deposition in muscle by dietary CGA may be related to the upregulation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling pathway. Finally, it can be concluded that a dietary CGA supplementation of 1173.11 mg/kg is suggested for the aquaculture of P. diacanthus, based on the muscle texture quality.
A Case Report of Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization and Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction in a Patient with an Uncommon Phenotype in Sickle Cell Disease: Review of Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Wang Cassandra P. , Malicki Denise , Thornburg Courtney D. , Martinez Sonya , Yu Jennifer C.
Published: September 2024

A delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a potential complication for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who develop red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization to foreign antigens from allogeneic transfusions, potentially resulting in life‐threatening hemolytic anemia between 24 hours and 28 days after the transfusion. Guidelines have suggested obtaining an extended RBC antigen profile by genotyping in patients with SCD to provide increased accuracy for antigen matching. We present a pediatric patient with SCD and a rare RBC phenotype that was not identified by serology who developed DHTR after her second lifetime transfusion and highlight the potential advantages of molecular genotyping. She was successfully managed by transfusion with “least incompatible” packed RBCs and aggressive medical management per American Society of Hematology clinical guidelines. Molecular genotyping is advantageous over serologic phenotyping because it can provide additional antigen information, such as increased accuracy for C antigen determination and Fyb antigen matching. Having RBC genotyping results on file for patients with SCD can facilitate care in two ways—by preventing alloimmunization with potential hemolytic transfusion reaction and by responding rapidly to request rare donors when complicating antibodies arise.
Supplementary Table 3 from The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Haas Roni , Frame Gavin , Khan Shahbaz , Neilsen Beth K. , Hong Boon Hao , Yeo Celestia P.X. , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Ong Enya H.W. , Zhao Wenyan , Carlin Benjamin , Yeo Eugenia L.L. , Tan Kah Min , Bugh Yuan Zhe , Zhu Chenghao , Hugh-White Rupert , Livingstone Julie , Poon Dennis J.J. , Chu Pek Lim , Patel Yash , Tao Shu , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Downes Michelle R. , Loblaw Andrew , Vesprini Danny , Kishan Amar U. , Chua Melvin L.K. , Kislinger Thomas , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K.
Published: September 2024

Differential protein abundance of driver cancer genes, following a T-test
Supplementary Table 2 from The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Haas Roni , Frame Gavin , Khan Shahbaz , Neilsen Beth K. , Hong Boon Hao , Yeo Celestia P.X. , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Ong Enya H.W. , Zhao Wenyan , Carlin Benjamin , Yeo Eugenia L.L. , Tan Kah Min , Bugh Yuan Zhe , Zhu Chenghao , Hugh-White Rupert , Livingstone Julie , Poon Dennis J.J. , Chu Pek Lim , Patel Yash , Tao Shu , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Downes Michelle R. , Loblaw Andrew , Vesprini Danny , Kishan Amar U. , Chua Melvin L.K. , Kislinger Thomas , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K.
Published: September 2024

Differential RNA abundance of driver cancer genes, using DEseq2 with the default parameter lfcThreshold = 0
Supplementary Table 14 from The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Haas Roni , Frame Gavin , Khan Shahbaz , Neilsen Beth K. , Hong Boon Hao , Yeo Celestia P.X. , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Ong Enya H.W. , Zhao Wenyan , Carlin Benjamin , Yeo Eugenia L.L. , Tan Kah Min , Bugh Yuan Zhe , Zhu Chenghao , Hugh-White Rupert , Livingstone Julie , Poon Dennis J.J. , Chu Pek Lim , Patel Yash , Tao Shu , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Downes Michelle R. , Loblaw Andrew , Vesprini Danny , Kishan Amar U. , Chua Melvin L.K. , Kislinger Thomas , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K.
Published: September 2024

Supporting data for Figure 5F
Supplementary Table 13 from The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Haas Roni , Frame Gavin , Khan Shahbaz , Neilsen Beth K. , Hong Boon Hao , Yeo Celestia P.X. , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Ong Enya H.W. , Zhao Wenyan , Carlin Benjamin , Yeo Eugenia L.L. , Tan Kah Min , Bugh Yuan Zhe , Zhu Chenghao , Hugh-White Rupert , Livingstone Julie , Poon Dennis J.J. , Chu Pek Lim , Patel Yash , Tao Shu , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Downes Michelle R. , Loblaw Andrew , Vesprini Danny , Kishan Amar U. , Chua Melvin L.K. , Kislinger Thomas , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K.
Published: September 2024

Enriched biological processes upon POLQ knockdown
Supplementary Figure 7 from The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Haas Roni , Frame Gavin , Khan Shahbaz , Neilsen Beth K. , Hong Boon Hao , Yeo Celestia P.X. , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Ong Enya H.W. , Zhao Wenyan , Carlin Benjamin , Yeo Eugenia L.L. , Tan Kah Min , Bugh Yuan Zhe , Zhu Chenghao , Hugh-White Rupert , Livingstone Julie , Poon Dennis J.J. , Chu Pek Lim , Patel Yash , Tao Shu , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Downes Michelle R. , Loblaw Andrew , Vesprini Danny , Kishan Amar U. , Chua Melvin L.K. , Kislinger Thomas , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K.
Published: September 2024

Association between CNA events in seven candidate genes and BCR, using a log-rank test
Supplementary Figure 4 from The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Haas Roni , Frame Gavin , Khan Shahbaz , Neilsen Beth K. , Hong Boon Hao , Yeo Celestia P.X. , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Ong Enya H.W. , Zhao Wenyan , Carlin Benjamin , Yeo Eugenia L.L. , Tan Kah Min , Bugh Yuan Zhe , Zhu Chenghao , Hugh-White Rupert , Livingstone Julie , Poon Dennis J.J. , Chu Pek Lim , Patel Yash , Tao Shu , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Downes Michelle R. , Loblaw Andrew , Vesprini Danny , Kishan Amar U. , Chua Melvin L.K. , Kislinger Thomas , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K.
Published: September 2024

Volcano plots following differential protein-abundance analysis
Supplementary Figure 2 from The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Haas Roni , Frame Gavin , Khan Shahbaz , Neilsen Beth K. , Hong Boon Hao , Yeo Celestia P.X. , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Ong Enya H.W. , Zhao Wenyan , Carlin Benjamin , Yeo Eugenia L.L. , Tan Kah Min , Bugh Yuan Zhe , Zhu Chenghao , Hugh-White Rupert , Livingstone Julie , Poon Dennis J.J. , Chu Pek Lim , Patel Yash , Tao Shu , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Downes Michelle R. , Loblaw Andrew , Vesprini Danny , Kishan Amar U. , Chua Melvin L.K. , Kislinger Thomas , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K.
Published: September 2024

The difference in RNA abundance of a PCNA isoform (ENST00000379143.10) and POLD1 isoforms (ENST00000440232.7 and ENST00000596648.1)
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Haas Roni , Frame Gavin , Khan Shahbaz , Neilsen Beth K. , Hong Boon Hao , Yeo Celestia P.X. , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Ong Enya H.W. , Zhao Wenyan , Carlin Benjamin , Yeo Eugenia L.L. , Tan Kah Min , Bugh Yuan Zhe , Zhu Chenghao , Hugh-White Rupert , Livingstone Julie , Poon Dennis J.J. , Chu Pek Lim , Patel Yash , Tao Shu , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Downes Michelle R. , Loblaw Andrew , Vesprini Danny , Kishan Amar U. , Chua Melvin L.K. , Kislinger Thomas , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary genomic data
Supplementary Figure S4 from Exosomal Thomsen–Friedenreich Glycoantigen: A New Liquid Biopsy Biomarker for Lung and Breast Cancer Diagnoses
Authors: Hsu Chang-Chieh , Su Yafei , Rittenhouse-Olson Kate , Attwood Kristopher M. , Mojica Wilfrido , Reid Mary E. , Dy Grace K. , Wu Yun
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure S4. Repeatability and reproducibility of SPR assay in detecting exosomal TF-Ag-α. The levels of exosomal TF-Ag-α in serum samples from one normal control, one lung cancer patient and one breast cancer patient were measured by operator 1 (a) and operator 2 (b) on 3 different days, 3 replicates per day. The mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation (CV) were reported. (c) Pearson correlation of results from operator 1 and operator 2.
Figure S1 from Exosomal Thomsen–Friedenreich Glycoantigen: A New Liquid Biopsy Biomarker for Lung and Breast Cancer Diagnoses
Authors: Hsu Chang-Chieh , Su Yafei , Rittenhouse-Olson Kate , Attwood Kristopher M. , Mojica Wilfrido , Reid Mary E. , Dy Grace K. , Wu Yun
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure S1. SPR assay detects exosomal TF-Ag-α for cancer diagnosis. Representative SPR curves for the detection of exosomal TF-Ag-α in serum samples from (a) a Stage II lung cancer patient using a biochip modified with IgG3 negative control antibodies; (b) a Stage 0 breast cancer patient using a biochip modified with IgG3 negative control antibodies, (c) a male normal control using a biochip modified with JAA-F11 antibodies, (d) a male normal control using a biochip modified with IgG3 negative control antibodies, (e) a female normal control using a biochip modified with JAA-F11 antibodies, and (f) a female normal control using a biochip modified with IgG3 negative control antibodies.
Data from The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Authors: Haas Roni , Frame Gavin , Khan Shahbaz , Neilsen Beth K. , Hong Boon Hao , Yeo Celestia P.X. , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Ong Enya H.W. , Zhao Wenyan , Carlin Benjamin , Yeo Eugenia L.L. , Tan Kah Min , Bugh Yuan Zhe , Zhu Chenghao , Hugh-White Rupert , Livingstone Julie , Poon Dennis J.J. , Chu Pek Lim , Patel Yash , Tao Shu , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Downes Michelle R. , Loblaw Andrew , Vesprini Danny , Kishan Amar U. , Chua Melvin L.K. , Kislinger Thomas , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K.
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Prostate cancer is frequently treated with radiotherapy. Unfortunately, aggressive radioresistant relapses can arise, and the molecular underpinnings of radioresistance are unknown. Modern clinical radiotherapy is evolving to deliver higher doses of radiation in fewer fractions (hypofractionation). We therefore analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data to characterize prostate cancer radioresistance in cells treated with both conventionally fractionated and hypofractionated radiotherapy. Independent of fractionation schedule, resistance to radiotherapy involved massive genomic instability and abrogation of DNA mismatch repair. Specific prostate cancer driver genes were modulated at the RNA and protein levels, with distinct protein subcellular responses to radiotherapy. Conventional fractionation led to a far more aggressive biomolecular response than hypofractionation. Testing preclinical candidates identified in cell lines, we revealed POLQ (DNA Polymerase Theta) as a radiosensitizer. POLQ-modulated radioresistance in model systems and was predictive of it in large patient cohorts. The molecular response to radiation is highly multimodal and sheds light on prostate cancer lethality.
Significance:
Radiation is standard of care in prostate cancer. Yet, we have little understanding of its failure. We demonstrate a new paradigm that radioresistance is fractionation specific and identified POLQ as a radioresistance modulator.
Preoperative Congestive Heart Failure Is Associated with Higher 30-Day Myocardial Infarction and Pneumonia after Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Li Renxi , Sidawy Anton , Nguyen Bao-Ngoc
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Preoperative congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with higher postoperative mortality and complications in noncardiac surgery. However, postoperative outcomes for patients with preoperative CHF undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) have not been thoroughly established. This study evaluated the effect of preoperative CHF on 30-day outcomes following nonemergent intact EVAR using a large-scale national registry. Methods: Patients who had infrarenal EVAR were identified in the ACS-NSQIP database from 2012 to 2022. A 1:5 propensity-score matching was used to match demographics, baseline characteristics, aneurysm diameter, distant aneurysm extent, anesthesia, and concomitant procedures between patients with and without preoperative CHF. Thirty-day postoperative outcomes were examined. Results: 467 (2.84%) CHF patients underwent intact EVAR. Meanwhile, 15,996 non-CHF patients underwent EVAR, where 2,248 of them were matched to all CHF patients. Patients with and without preoperative CHF had comparable 30-day mortality (3.02% vs. 2.62%, p = 0.64). However, CHF patients had higher myocardial infarction (3.02% vs. 1.47%, p = 0.03), pneumonia (3.23% vs. 1.73%, p = 0.04), 30-day readmission (p = 0.01), and longer length of stay (p < 0.01). Conclusion: While patients with and without preoperative CHF had comparable 30-day mortality rates, those with CHF faced higher risks of cardiopulmonary complications. Effective management of preoperative CHF may help prevent postoperative complications in these patients.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Treatments for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Chu Paula , Mioc Jasmina , O’Donovan Peter , Henry Owen
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is caused by multiple clinical conditions such as cystic fibrosis and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Standard management of EPI includes pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) along with consultation with a dietitian. While PERTs have been on the market for several decades, newer publications on their clinical efficacy and safety raised the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. We aimed to identify the available evidence on the clinical efficacy and safety of treatments for EPI to understand the current treatment landscape and unmet need in patients with EPI. Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in Embase, Medline, and Evidence-Based Medicine databases from 2010 to 2022; conference proceedings from 2020 to 2022 were also searched. Articles were screened independently by two reviewers at abstract and full-text stage against predefined eligibility criteria. Results: We identified 26 journal publications and two conference abstracts, reporting on 22 randomized control trials, four observational studies, and two single-arm interventional studies. The most reported treatment was pancrelipase, specifically Creon® (n = 12). Fourteen studies reported coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) results. Across studies, patients experienced a considerable increase in CFA post-initiation of treatment regardless of intervention or timepoint. Mean change in CFA ranged from 7.5% in patients with CP who received placebo to 36% in patients with CP treated with Creon®. Ten studies reported coefficient of nitrogen absorption (CNA). Where reported, pancrelipase (including Creon®) increased CNA levels in EPI patients compared to placebo. Only one study compared PERT brands head-to-head: no significant differences were reported in the CNA-72 h values (Creon® 82.0% [SE: 1.2] vs. Zenpep® 80.9% [SE: 1.2]). Loss of body weight and low body mass index (BMI) are important features of EPI. Overall, treatment with PERT increased BMI and body weight, or limited their decline, with increases ranging from 0.1 to 6.1 kg. Based on the 18 studies that reported safety outcomes, PERT was considered safe and well tolerated. Conclusions: This SLR confirmed that PERT is an effective and tolerable treatment option for patients with EPI. However, nutritional parameters and health-related quality of life data were sparsely reported, and future clinical trials should look to incorporate these data given their importance in clinical practice and patient outcomes.
Diagnostic and Predictive Immunocytochemistry in Lung Cancer
Authors: Jain Deepali , Satapathy Shraddhanjali , Bubendorf Lukas
Published: September 2024

Background: Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is suitable for use on a range of cytology preparations, such as cell blocks, air-dried slides, ethanol-fixed slides, direct smears, cytospins, and liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples. However, it must be standardized against the gold standard of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues with adequate number of positive and negative controls. The role of ICC in lung cancer is crucial, as most lung cancer specimens are cytology samples. Accurate diagnosis and testing of certain biomarkers rely heavily on both diagnostic and predictive ICC. Summary: Key ICC markers important in lung cancer include, but are not limited to, diagnostic ICCs such as TTF-1, p40, Napsin A, and p63, as well as predictive ICCs like ALK, ROS-1, PD-L1, and NTRK. Key Messages: With proper validation, immunocytochemistry for lung cancer can be effectively performed on direct smears, cytospins, and other specimens, even when resources for preparing cell blocks are unavailable. This is particularly true for diagnostic antibodies, but it is important to exercise caution with predictive ICC. Nonetheless, a low threshold for molecular testing should be maintained. PD-L1 ICC can be challenging and should ideally be performed on formalin-fixed cell blocks or biopsies when available.