bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Differences in Antibody Production to Determinant Groups on Insulin
Authors: Arquilla Edward R. , Finn Jack
Published: October 2006

Highly inbred strain 2 guinea pigs can produce antibodies to portions of the insulin molecule to which strain 13 guinea pigs cannot produce antibodies. Such differences were not observable within either strain. Consequently it is probable that genetic factors regulate antibody production with respect to the determinant groups toward which antibodies are directed.
Radiation Damage to
Artemia
Cysts: Effects of Water Vapor
Authors: Snipes Wallace C. , Gordy Walter
Published: October 2006

Water vapor altered the form and greatly increased the rate of decay of the electron-spin resonance pattern of long-lived free radicals obtained upon gamma irradiation of
Artemia salina
cysts (brine shrimp eggs). These results, combined with data on radiation survival, indicate that the water vapor protects the cysts from radiation damage, or heals the damage. They also indicate that water protects the cysts from the effect of oxygen by neutralizing the radiation-induced free radicals before they can interact with oxygen to produce irreversible damage.
Barium Xenate
Authors: Kirschenbaum A. D. , Grosse A. V.
Published: October 2006

Barium xenate was prepared by the addition of barium hydroxide to xenic acid. The resulting white amorphous precipitate was shown by elementary analysis to be Ba
3
XeO
6
.
Surface Features of Metallic Spherules
Authors: Schmidt R. A. , Venkataraman K. V. , Jackson M. L. , Woollard G. P.
Published: October 2006

Metallic spherules of variable character have been recovered from Antarctic snow. Three types were recognized from their surface features: type I, smooth, polished spherules, apparently produced by surface melting of the particles upon entry into the earth's atmosphere; type II, spherules with a corrugated surface caused by differential hardness of internal, intersecting lamellae, but modified by superimposed pits; and type III, spherules with random, circular depressions or pits apparently resulting from impact with submicroscopic particles. Spherules of types II and III were too small to have suffered abrasion by impacts in the earth's atmosphere, and it is postulated that their surfaces may have been produced by erosion in space. Preservation of these surface details would have been possible if entry into the atmosphere took place at low velocities and low-angle trajectories.
Hepatic Glucokinase: A Direct Effect of Insulin
Authors: Vester John W. , Reino Mary L.
Published: October 2006

Particle-free extracts of the livers from rats on a normal diet were incubated with insulin for 4 minutes; during this time the glucokinase activity increased. This insulin effect is dependent upon the dose.
Infrared Emissivity of the Sahara from Tiros Data
Authors: Buettner Konrad J. K. , Kern Clifford D.
Published: October 2006

Most rocks, minerals, and sands show strong infrared reflection bands. In the atmospheric window (8 to 12 μ), quartz and feldspar show an emissivity near 0.8, calcite near 1.0. These laboratory data are confirmed from observations during a Tiros flight over the Libyan desert. The Mediterranean Sea was used for calibration. Desert emissivity is between 0.7 and 0.9.
Genetic Alteration of Adenylic Pyrophosphorylase in
Salmonella
Authors: Kalle Gurudutt P. , Gots Joseph S.
Published: October 2006

A mutant of
Salmonella typhimurium
, resistant to inhibition by 2, 6-diaminopurine, differs from its sensitive wild-type parent by an altered adenylic acid pyrophosphorylase. The altered enzyme, though still active with adenine as substrate, is inactive in the conversion of diaminopurine to its nucleotide. It also differs from the wildtype enzyme in a number of physical and chemical properties.
Fluorescence and Absorption Changes in
Chlorella
Exposed to Strong Light: The Red Band
Authors: Rubinstein Daniel , Rabinowitch Eugene
Published: October 2006

The reversible decrease in the apparent intensity of the main red absorption band of chlorophyll
a
at 680 mμ upon strong illumination of
Chlorella
cells, described by Coleman and Rabinowitch in 1957, is shown, by a polarization method, to be due to an increase in the fluorescence yield. True absorption changes are observed at 657 mμ (positive) and 648 mμ (negative).s
Technique for Sustaining Behavior with Conditioned Reinforcement
Authors: Zimmerman Joseph
Published: October 2006

Pigeons were intermittently reinforced with food for pecking at one key. Concurrent pecking at a second key intermittently produced conditioned reinforcers (the set of stimuli that accompanied food reinforcement, but not the food). Under these conditions, responding on the second key was maintained indefinitely. Rates and patterns of responding on the second key were a function of the schedule of conditioned reinforcement.
Fission Product Gamma Activity with Northerly Winds and with Southerly Winds
Authors: Brasefield C. J.
Published: October 2006

The gamma ray activity of particulate matter filtered from air samples of northerly winds and of southerly winds has been studied during the period October 1961 to May 1963 with a scintillation spectrometer. It was found that the gamma activity at 0.75, 0.49, and 0.145 Mev was greater when the wind was southerly than when the wind was northerly during the months December through May; the opposite was true from June through September. The gamma ray activity was least during the summer of 1962, the decrease being more pronounced for southerly winds than for northerly winds. These results can be accounted for by modifying the Brewer-Dobson theory of stratospheric circulation so that during most of the year stratospheric debris first reaches the ground south of latitude 40°N. No diurnal effect on the gamma ray activity of the samples could be detected.
Permselective Membranes: Spectroscopic and Conductivity Effects
Authors: Stein Gabriel , Forgacs Chaim
Published: October 2006

The absorption spectrum of permselective ion-exchange membranes containing positively charged groups shows specific effects which depend on the nature of the negative gegenion used. Such colored permselective membranes with positive or negative functional groups show increased conductivity after illumination with light flashes. The increased conductivity returns slowly to the original value.
Provitamin A
2
from Lutein
Authors: Budowski P. , Ascarelli I. , Gross Jeana , Nir I.
Published: October 2006

Alfalfa lipids were treated with
p
-toluenesulfonic acid in benzene under reflux; after saponification, chromatography of the unsaponifiable portion yielded a carotenoid having a single absorption maximum at 460 mμ in ethanol and hexane. Its properties correspond to those of the dehydration product of lutein, 3′-hydroxy-3,4-dehydro-β-carotene, for which the name "anhydrolutein" is proposed. Vitamin A depleted chicks convert this pigment to vitamin A
2
, as shown by the high ratio of absorbancies at 693 and 620 mμ in a mixture of CHCl
3
and SbCl
3
and the absorption maximum at 350 mμ in hexane exhibited by the liver lipids. The possible role of this pigment in the biogenesis of vitamin A
2
is discussed.
Convulsant Drug Action on Neuronally Isolated Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Grafstein Bernice
Published: October 2006

After topical application of thiosemicarbazide, semicarbazide, or isoniazid to the surface of an isolated region of cortex, convulsive responses to electrical stimulation appeared only after a finite number of normal responses had been elicited, and disappeared again if stimulation was interrupted for about 10 minutes. With any of the other convulsant drugs tested, development of the convulsive pattern was independent of whether or not the cortex was stimulated. The two groups of drugs evidently have different modes of action.
Teratogenic Significance of Ionic and Fluid Imbalances
Authors: Grabowski Casimer T.
Published: October 2006

Some agents teratogenic to the chick embryo cause serum electrolyte and fluid imbalances which initiate an edema syndrome leading to malformations. Differences in ionic composition of serum and yolk of normal chicks help explain how these imbalances can be produced.
Rhizomorph Production by
Armillaria mellea
Induced by Ethanol and Related Compounds
Authors: Weinhold Albert R.
Published: October 2006

Armillaria mellea
produced abundant rhizomorphs when grown on a chemically defined medium containing ethanol at concentrations as low as 50 parts per million. In the absence of ethanol no rhizomorphs were formed. Rhizomorph production was also stimulated by 1-propanol, isopropanol, and 1-butanol as well as by acetaldehyde (to a lesser extent). Potassium acetate had very slight stimulating effect, and methanol was completely ineffective.
Running as Both a Positive and Negative Reinforcer
Authors: Hundt Alan G. , Premack David
Published: October 2006

Rats were required to press a bar to activate a motor-driven wheel that forced them to run and subsequently to drink to turn off the wheel. Barpressing and licking increased, showing the onset and offset of running to be positively and negatively reinforcing, respectively. The experimental control of the offset of running, in contrast to the traditional control for onset only, served to demonstrate that since organisms stop such behaviors as they start, self-initiated behaviors will act as negative as well as positive reinforcers.
Tritium Distribution in Ground Water around Large Underground Fusion Explosions
Authors: Stead Frank W.
Published: October 2006

Tritium will be released in significant amounts from large underground nuclear fusion explosions in the Plowshare Program. The tritium could become highly concentrated in nearby ground waters, and could be of equal or more importance as a possible contaminant than other long-lived fission-product and induced radionuclides. Behavior of tritiated water in particular hydrologic and geologic environments, as illustrated by hypothetical explosions in dolomite and tuff, must be carefully evaluated to predict under what conditions high groundwater concentrations of tritium might occur.
Sea Level and Climate of the Past Century
Authors: Donn William L. , Shaw David M.
Published: October 2006

During the past century global temperatures increased until about 1940, after which there was a decrease. Precipitation trends show a decrease from 1900 to 1940, and a definite global increase thereafter. Sea level trends for the eastern coast of the United States are parallel to, and presumably related to, the climatological changes.
Continuous Recording of Cell Number in Logarithmic and Synchronized Cultures
Authors: James T. W. , Anderson Norman G.
Published: October 2006

An instrument for the continuous recording of cell number has been developed and is being used to record changes in populations of logarithmic and synchronized cultures of protozoan flagellates. A Coulter cell counter is used in conjunction with a counting chamber that is fitted with a flexible polyethylene aperture (75 μ in diameter). This aperture rarely becomes blocked and appears to be self-clearing. The unit consists of a proportioning pump, a cell counter, a counting chamber, a rate meter, and a recorder.
Nasal Salt Gland: Independence of Salt and Water Transport
Authors: Inoue Taro
Published: October 2006

The nasal salt-secreting gland of the domestic duck can produce a fluid with a sodium chloride concentration about three times that in blood plasma. To study the cellular mechanism responsible for the formation of the highly concentrated fluid, the gland was poisoned by retrograde injection of mercuric chloride into the lumen, decreasing the salt concentration to that in plasma while the volume of secretion was unchanged. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazoleamide) caused a moderate decrease in salt concentrations, again with maintenance of volume of secretion. The results suggest that concentration and volume of the secreted fluid depend on two different cellular mechanisms.
Fluorescent, Electron Microscopic, and Immunoelectrophoretic Studies of Labeled Antibodies
Authors: Hsu Konrad C. , Rifkind Richard A. , Zabriskie John B.
Published: October 2006

Antibodies, produced in rabbits, to each of three bacterial species have been doubly labeled with fluorescein and ferritin. Irrespective of which label was conjugated to the antibody first, immunologic activity was maintained. Moreover, these preparations gave as high a degree of specificity in fluorescent and electron microscopic studies as did singly labeled antibodies. Immunoelectrophoretic analyses and other immunologic tests further confirmed that the antibodies were conjugated to both labels without loss of specific activity. The technique thus permits the relatively simple method of immunofluorescence to be used as an aid in selecting optimum ferritin antibody conjugates for localizing of antigen at the molecular level by means of electron microscopy.
Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation of Cells in
Hydra viridis
Authors: Haynes Julian , Burnett Allison L.
Published: October 2006

The interstitial cell of the green hydra is formed by dedifferentiation of specialized gastrodermal cells. Similarly, the epidermal epitheliomuscular cells are probably formed by direct differentiation of algae-laden digestive cells that lose their algae and enclosed food droplets, migrate to the periphery of the animal, and begin the mucous secretion characteristic of epidermal cells.
Virus-Like Particles in Blood of Two Acute Leukemia Patients
Authors: Almeida June D. , Hasselback Richard C. , Ham Arthur W.
Published: October 2006

A modified negative staining technique suited to demonstrating fragile virus particles in the electron microscope revealed particles having a surrounding membranous sac and an internal filamentous component of a consistent diameter of 75 Å in the blood of two patients with acute leukemia. No particles of this type were seen in the blood of four other patients with acute leukemia or in the blood of six normal individuals.
Clearance of Bacteria by the Lower Respiratory Tract
Authors: Laurenzi Gustave A. , Guarneri Joseph J. , Endriga Raul B. , Carey John P.
Published: October 2006

The disappearance of inhaled bacteria from the lungs of mice is rapid and predictable over an 8-hour period following pulmonary implantation by an aerosol. This indicates that important clearance mechanisms are active in the bronchopulmonary tree. The constant pattern of clearance offers an experimental system in which the effects of various conditions relevant to respiratory infection can be estimated quantitatively. Herein, the effects of hypoxia, alcohol, cigarette smoke, and cortisone are described.
Tree Rat,
Thamnomys surdaster surdaster
, in Laboratory Research
Authors: Yoeli Meir , Alger Nelda , Most Harry
Published: October 2006

The breeding of successive generations of
Thamnomys
in the laboratory made possible a study of its bionomics and an evaluation of its importance in parasitological and malarial research.
Toxohormone Inhibitory Effect on the Growth of an Unstable Strain of Yeast
Authors: Callao V. , Olivares J. , Montoya E.
Published: October 2006

Toxohormone preparations obtained from yeast mutants with impaired respiration and from cancerous tissues inhibited the growth of an unstable strain of yeast in media containing lactate as the carbon source. Depending on the source of the different toxohormone preparations, amounts ranging from 5 to 9.5 mg/ml inhibited growth by 50 percent. This phenomenon could be utilized in quantitative evaluations of toxohormone activity.
Acid of Krypton and Its Barium Salt
Authors: Streng A. G. , Grosse A. V.
Published: October 2006

An acid of krypton is formed when krypton tetrafluoride is slowly hydrolyzed by ice at —30° to —60°C. The yield is 2 to 3 percent (mole). A barium salt of this acid, thermally stable at room temperature, is formed by the hydrolysis of krypton tetrafluoride with a 0.35
N
solution of barium hydroxide at 0° to 5°C in a yield of approximately 7 percent by weight.
Sleep Tendencies: Effects of Barometric Pressure
Authors: Webb Wilse B. , Ades Harlow
Published: October 2006

For two samples of naval aviation cadets, curvilinear relationships were obtained between barometric pressure readings and the occurrence of signs of the onset of sleep on electroencephalograms obtained during routine EEG examinations. High and low barometric pressures relative to the prevailing average pressures were associated with increased proportions of subjects showing signs of onset of sleep.
Children's Language: Word-Phrase Relationship
Authors: Huttenlocher Janellen
Published: October 2006

Unsystematic observations indicated that small children who could reverse the order of certain two-unit utterances had difficulty reversing utterances that formed common English sequences. Findings of this study indicate that the following factors are sources of difficulty in reversing pairs: (i) inability to separate English sequences into word units, and (ii) semantic absurdity of reversed pairs.
Phospholipid-Sugar Complexes in Relation to Cell Membrane Monosaccharide Transport
Authors: LeFevre Paul G. , Habich Kathryn I. , Hess Helen S. , Hudson Melinda R.
Published: October 2006

Phospholipids extracted from "ghosts" of human erythrocytes or from other sources carry substantial quantities of glucose or other monosaccharides from the dry state into highly nonpolar solvents. Various characteristics of this weak association phenomenon show suggestive parallels with known properties of the mediated sugar-transfer system in the membrane of the intact red cell.
Pure Maple Syrup: Nutritive Value
Authors: Leaf Albert L.
Published: October 2006

Variations in concentrations of sugar, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of sap from sugar maple (
Acer saccharum
, Marsh.) trees are related to the time of sap collection and result in variation of the same components in pure maple syrup. Thirty milliliters (one fluid ounce) of pure maple syrup may contain 3 to 6 mg of phosphorus, 10 to 30 mg of potassium, 40 to 80 mg of calcium, and 4 to 25 mg of magnesium.
Wasting Disease Induced in Young Mice by Administration of Cortisol Acetate
Authors: Schlesinger Michael , Mark Raymond
Published: October 2006

A single injection of cortisol acetate into young mice induced a wasting syndrome similar to that observed in runt disease and in the post-thymectomy syndrome. The course of the disease was less severe if the dose of the drug was decreased or if the animals were older at the time of injection.
Guanine: Formation during the Thermal Polymerization of Amino Acids
Authors: Ponnamperuma Cyril , Young Richard S. , Munoz Elaine F. , McCaw Barbara K.
Published: October 2006

The action of heat on a mixture of amino acids was studied as a possible abiological pathway for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. Guanine was detected. This result is significant in the context of chemical evolution.
Radiation-Induced Aversion to Alcohol
Authors: Peacock L. J. , Watson J. A.
Published: October 2006

Mice genetically susceptible to alcohol orientation were allowed to develop a preference for 10 percent ethanol over tap water. A low dose (12 roentgens per hour for 4 hours) of whole-body gamma radiation was used as an unconditional stimulus to produce alcohol-avoidance behavior. A marked aversion to the alcohol solution occurred but was extinguished within 6 days, owing probably to the very high motivation of the animals to drink alcohol. The study extends the technique of radiation-produced avoidance conditioning to include alcohol consumption as a measure of response in genetically susceptible mice.
Antibody-Catalyzed Rearrangement of the Peptide Bond
Authors: Gibbs Richard A. , Taylor Scott , Benkovic Stephen J.
Published: October 2006

The generation of antibodies from a bifunctional cyclic phosphinate transition-state analog provided agents capable of efficiently catalyzing both steps of the overall conversion of a substrate containing an asparaginyl-glycyl sequence through a succinimide intermediate to the products aspartyl-glycyl and the rearranged isoaspartyl-glycyl sequence. This reaction provides a potential means in addition to amide cleavage for the deactivation of protein or peptide biological functions in vivo.
Chromosome Number and Morphology of a Human Preinvasive Neoplasm
Authors: Richart Ralph M. , Corfman Philip A.
Published: October 2006

The cervical epithelium from five patients with varying degrees of histologically proven intra-epithelial neoplasia can be grown successfully in tissue culture. After four or less successive transfers, the cells are diploid and have a normal karyotype.
Spectra of Deoxygenated Hemoglobin in the Soret Region
Authors: Benesch Reinhold , Benesch Ruth E. , Macduff George
Published: October 2006

Methemoglobin is easily formed during the deoxygenation of hemoglobin. It can be removed with methemoglobin reductase. The Soret spectrum of pure deoxyhemoglobin is reported. Comparison of these data with the published spectra shows that some of these are incorrect since they must represent mixtures of deoxy-and methemoglobin.
Synaptic "Learning" Due to Electroosmosis: A Theory
Authors: Ranck James B.
Published: October 2006

Since the interstitial water of the central nervous system is in narrow channels between cells that have surface charge, electroosmotic flow of water should accompany current flow. Current density is high close to an excitatory postsynaptic membrane and the electroosmotic effect must be significant. Simultaneity relationships between action potentials in pre- and postsynaptic cells affect postsynaptic membrane current density and modulate the effect in a way which should produce "learning."
Chronology of a Small Glacier in Eastern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Bray J. Roger
Published: October 2006

The age of trees growing on the moraines of a small, high-altitude glacier in the Canadian Rockies suggests that the date of the maximum post-Pleistocene ice advance was around A.D. 1714, with another later advance about 1832. These two dates are synchronous with the two major periods of recent ice advance in the area.
Dispensable and Indispensable Genes in
Neurospora
Authors: Morrow John
Published: October 2006

Twenty-four recessive lethal mutations were detected in a heterokaryon by the method of Atwood and Mukai. All controlled indispensable functions. Genetic analysis revealed that six of these failed to transmit the defect to their progeny. These mutants are believed to be semilethal genetic changes which express a lethal phenotype only in certain genetic backgrounds.
Sialic Acid Concentrations in the Pituitary Glands of Normal and Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Rennels Edward G. , Hood James F.
Published: October 2006

The concentration of sialic acid in the anterior pituitary gland of young female rats is approximately 250 micromoles per 100 grams. After ovariectomy there is a marked and persistent rise in pituitary sialic acid; this increase is probably related to the known increase in the production of gonadotrophic hormones.
Sound-Evoked Potentials in Neocortex of Unanesthetized Opossum
Authors: Nieder Philip C. , Randall Walter
Published: October 2006

Short-latency potentials are evoked by auditory stimuli at all loci of neocortex recorded from, including points in orbital-frontal, visual, and somatosensory areas. These potentials are similar in latency and wave form to responses obtained from the primary auditory projection area in higher mammals, but occur in widely varying spatial patterns.
Dictyotene Stage of Meiosis in Mosses
Authors: Dill Frederick J.
Published: October 2006

The dictyotene stage of first meiotic prophase, characterized by an elongation of the paired chromosomes after diplotene, and known to occur during the growth period of the oocytes of many animals, has a morphologically analogous but relatively short-lived counterpart in the first meiotic prophase of representatives from three moss families.
Speech Sound Discrimination by Cats
Authors: Dewson James H.
Published: October 2006

Cats trained to discriminate between the speech sounds [u] and [i] do not retain and are unable to relearn this discrimination after bilateral ablation of the ventral insular-temporal cortex. In control animals, retention of this ability is not affected by bilateral removal of primary auditory receiving cortex.
Stishovite: Thermal Dependence of the Crystal Habit
Authors: Sclar C. B. , Carrison L. C. , Cocks G. G.
Published: October 2006

The crystal habit of stishovite changes with the temperature of crystallization at a pressure of about 120 kb. Below 600°C it is bipyramidal; between 600° and 900°C it is granular; and above 900°C it is acicular. This temperature dependence of the crystal habit of stishovite may constitute a high-pressure geological thermometer which could indicate limiting values for the peak temperatures that prevailed at craters of meteoritic origin in highly siliceous rocks. It suggests that natural acicular stishovite from the rim sandstone at Meteor Crater, Arizona, crystallized at temperatures above 900°C.
Rhenium and Osmium Abundances in Stony Meteorites
Authors: Morgan J. W. , Lovering J. F.
Published: October 2006

Neutron activation measurements of rhenium and osmium abundances in the Orgueil, Mokoia, Karoonda, Mocs, and Hvittis chondrites indicate no fractionation of these elements between the various chondrite types. The average abundances in chondritic material are RE = 60.3 × 10
-9
g/g and Os =710 × 10
-9
g/g (Os/Re = 11.5). The rhenium abundance in the Bishopville enstatite achondrite is about 1/300 as much, and the osmium abundances about 1/100 as much, as the abundances in parental enstatite chondrites, indicating that most of the rhenium and osmium in the enstatite chondrites is in the metallic phase.
Effect of Bromination on the Biological Activities of Transfer RNA of
Escherichia coli
Authors: Yu Chuan-Tao , Zamecnik Paul C.
Published: October 2006

A transfer RNA molecule accepts a particular amino acid from an activating enzyme and subsequently transfers it to the end of a growing peptide chain, in association with ribosomes and messenger RNA. The acceptor and transfer functions of transfer RNA differ in their sensitivity to damage by bromination, and thus appear to comprise different areas on the transfer RNA molecule.
Deep Body Temperature of Untethered Dolphin Recorded by Ingested Radio Transmitter
Authors: Mackay R. Stuart
Published: October 2006

Information concerning body temperature was recorded by radio transmission from within a dolphin,
Tursiops truncatus
, swimming freely in a pool. The temperature varied according to the activity of the animal and appeared to oscillate when the dolphin was returned to the pool after a brief period outside it. The transmitter was passed approximately 17 hours after it had been swallowed. A new type of antenna was used with the circuit. The transmitter can be adapted for telemetering heart beat, movement, and other physiological variables from aquatic animals.
Serologic Typing of Human Lymphocytes with Immune Serum Obtained after Homografting
Authors: Walford Roy L. , Gallagher Robert , Sjaarda John R.
Published: October 2006

Serums obtained from paired humans following reciprocal fourth-set skin homografts, or from a prolonged series of reciprocal intradermal injections of leukocytes, displayed potent cytotoxic activity against lymphocytes of certain individuals and no activity against lymphocytes of other persons. Study of one family suggested that lymphocyte reactivity may be transmitted according to simple Mendelian genetics. It is probable that this reactivity reflects and can be used to identify specific histocompatibility antigens in man.
Strontium-90 in Plants and Animals of Arctic Alaska, 1959-61
Authors: Watson D. G. , Hanson W. C. , Davis J. J.
Published: October 2006

The strontium-90 content of the biota near Cape Thompson, Alaska, was related to environmental factors. In plants, perennials with persistent aerial parts had maximum and similar concentrations of strontium-90. The content of caribou muscle varied seasonally and was highest in winter when lichens were an important caribou food.
Immuno-osmophoresis, a Rapid and Sensitive Method for Evaluating Viruses
Authors: J. Ragetli H. W. , Weintraub M.
Published: October 2006

Characteristic antigen-antibody interactions in agar gel were obtained in 50 to 90 minutes in an electrical field with microgram quantities of three plant viruses, which were either in purified form or in crude plant juice. The method was faster and more sensitive than agar-gel diffusion.
Blue-Green Algal Virus LPP-1: Purification and Partial Characterization
Authors: Schneider I. R. , Diener T. O. , Safferman Robert S.
Published: October 2006

The blue-green algal virus LPP-1 was concentrated by ultrafiltration and purified by density-gradient and differential centrifugation. The virus contains DNA and has a sedimentation coefficient of 548
S
. Electron micrographs of purified viral preparations show that the polyhedral particles have short tails, which are approximately one-fourth as long as the diameter of the head. Data presented in this report indicate that the blue-green algal virus more closely resembles bacteriophages than viruses infecting higher plants.
N
-Ethylmaleimide Inhibition of Horseshoe Crab Hemocyte Agglutination
Authors: Bryan F. T. , Robinson C. W. , Gilbert C. F. , Langdell R. D.
Published: October 2006

The sulfhydryl inhibitor
N
-ethylmaleimide (NEM) inhibits the agglutination of horseshoe crab hemocytes. The inhibitory action is neutralized by adding cysteine to the NEM before it is mixed with the hemolymph. This new method for arresting horseshoe crab hemocyte agglutination suggests the participation of sulfhydryl groups in the process.
Oxygen Atom Reactions with Condensed Olefins
Authors: Scheer Milton D. , Klein Ralph
Published: October 2006

Gaseous oxygen atoms, thermally generated from O
2
on a 2300°K zirconia surface, react with simple condensed olefins below 100°K. Initial results indicate that the distribution of products differs from that obtained in the gas phase at higher temperatures.
Procaine Action: Antagonism by Adenosine Triphosphate and Other Nucleotides
Authors: Kuperman Albert S. , Okamoto Michiko , Beyer Annette M. , Volpert William A.
Published: October 2006

Appropriate concentrations of adenosine tri-, di-, and monophosphate antagonize the depressant action of procaine on isolated nerve. Some calcium ion is required in the external solution in order for these nucleotides to produce their maximum effects. When applied either to normal or sodium deficient nerves, the nucleotides do not increase action-potential amplitude.
Calcification of Deciduous Teeth in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Swindler Daris R. , McCoy Harriet Ann
Published: October 2006

The rhesus monkey probably has the same sequence of calcification of deciduous teeth as man: central incisor, first molar, lateral incisor, cuspid, and second molar. Initial calcification of the deciduous molar cusps is somewhat similar to that of man.
Behavioral and Electroencephalographic Arousal to Contrasting Novel Stimulation
Authors: Weinberger Norman M. , Lindsley Donald B.
Published: October 2006

Three-second interruptions of continuous auditory stimulation, as well as 3-second periods of stimulation from the same sound source, were effective in producing behavioral arousal and electrocortical desynchronization in sleeping cats. Thus, stimulus offset as well as onset may serve an arousal function. Some differences in behavioral response and electrocortical desynchronization latency were noted.
Coenzyme Q: Intracellular Distribution in
Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Greene Andrew F. , Mascarenhas Joseph P.
Published: October 2006

Whole cells and cell membranes of Rhodospirillum rubrum prepared by lysozyme treatment and osmotic lysis of cells were analyzed for coenzyme Q. All the coenzyme Q was localized in the cell membranes.
Insect Tissue Culture: Use of Blastokinetic Stage of Leafhopper Embryo
Authors: Hirumi Hiroyuki , Maramorosch Karl
Published: October 2006

To find the proper material for cultivation in vitro of cells of leafhopper vectors of plant viruses, embryonic tissues of the six-spotted aster leafhopper (
Macrosteles fascifrons
) were tested during early developmental stages, during blastokinetic movement, and in late developmental stages. Growing cells were only obtained from the stage of blastokinetic movement. This stage can be determined visually in leafhopper eggs.
Strain-Induced Birefringence in Fluoride Films on Uranium Dioxide
Authors: Ellis W. P.
Published: October 2006

Optically birefringent microstructures are formed within fluoride films that are produced on uranium dioxide by hydrofluorination. The positive molar volume change of the reaction produces nonuniform tensile and compressive stresses around sites of surface roughness which result in optical double refraction.
Human Bone Marrow Distribution Shown in vivo by Iron-52 and the Positron Scintillation Camera
Authors: Anger Hal O. , Van Dyke Donald C.
Published: October 2006

Radioactive iron, which concentrates in erythropoietic marrow, is given intravenously, and 16 hours later pictures of its distribution are taken with the positron camera. The instrument is an imaging device that produces pictures of the distribution of positron-emitting nuclides without scanning. Wide variations in the distribution of marrow are found in various diseases.
Indoleacetic Acid Synthesis by Polyphenols in the Extraction of
Pinus
Phloem and Cambial Tissue
Authors: Whitmore F. W. , Zahner R.
Published: October 2006

Indoleacetic acid may be formed by polyphenol oxidation of tryptophan during extraction of plant tissue with aqueous or organic solvents. Polyphenoloxidase promotes the conversion, but studies with heat-inactivated tissue indicate that the reaction can proceed without enzymes.
Automatic Sampling Device for Study of Synchronized Cultures of Microorganisms
Authors: Petropulos Stephen F.
Published: October 2006

A versatile automatic culture-sampling system is described and data are presented from experiments in which this device was used to study growth and synchronized cell division in
Euglena gracilis
.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotidase Activity in Cells of Tuberculous Animals
Authors: Bekierkunst A. , Artman M. , Alexander N.
Published: October 2006

There is an increase in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and lymphoid cells from tuberculous animals, compared with that of cells from normal animals. There seems to be a correlation between the ability of the animal to develop a progressive disease and its ability to react with an increase in the activity of the enzyme.
Electrophorus
Adenosine Triphosphatase: Sodium-Activated Exchange after
N
-Ethyl Maleimide Treatment
Authors: Fahn Stanley , Albers R. Wayne , Koval George J.
Published: October 2006

The microsomal fraction from the electric organ of the eel
Electrophorus electricus
catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate in the presence of Mg
++
, Na
+
, and K
+
. The same preparation catalyzes a Mg
++
-dependent transphosphorylation between adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate. Both of these reactions are inhibited after treatment of the microsomes with
N
-ethyl maleimide. However, the addition of Na
+
reactivates the transphosphorylation, and the rate becomes more rapid than that of the original. This new Na
+
-sensitive exchange reaction is believed to be a component of the hydrolytic reaction.
Distance Perception in Darkness
Authors: Bilderback Linda G. , Taylor Robert E. , Thor Donald H.
Published: October 2006

Human subjects viewed round stimuli located equidistantly in the horizontal and vertical planes of vision under conditions where presumed cues to size were present and where they were systematically eliminated. Two experiments revealed a consistent tendency for the horizon object to be judged the closer. Cues introduced reduced the effect.
Homografts in Thymectomized, Irradiated Mice: Responses to Primary and Secondary Skin Grafts
Authors: Davis William E. , Tyan Marvin L. , Cole Leonard J.
Published: October 2006

Adult thymectomized, irradiated mice restored with syngeneic bone marrow exhibit an accelerated response toward second-set skin homografts, although the response to the primary grafts is impaired. Such mice have a long-lasting impairment (up to 223 days) of the primary response to allogeneic grafts (but not to xenogeneic grafts) and show the greatest deficiency of response toward grafts sharing the same H2 locus as the host. Thymectomy in the adult mouse is ineffective in altering a state of homograft sensitivity induced prior to irradiation.
Poliovirus: Growth in Non-Nucleate Cytoplasm
Authors: Crocker T. Timothy , Pfendt Eva , Spendlove Rex
Published: October 2006

Cytoplasmic fragments were produced by micromanipulation of cells from a human amnion cell line cultured on coverslips. The cultures were infected with type 1 (Mahoney) poliovirus, and incubated for 7 hours with tritiated uridine (H
3
U). Fluorescent antibody to the poliovirus indicated antigenic sites in a number of non-nucleate fragments. By autoradiography the incorporation of H
3
U was demonstrated at some of the same sites. The occurrence of poliovirus antigen at the same site as induced synthesis of RNA in non-nucleate cytoplasm of mammalian cells indicates that poliovirus infection and growth occurred independently of immediate contribution from the nucleus.
Tryptophan Synthetase from
Neurospora
: A Modification in the Reaction Scheme
Authors: Garrick Michael D. , Elberfeld Harrold , Suskind Sigmund R.
Published: October 2006

In addition to indole-3-glycerolphosphate, an unreported reaction product has been detected in incubation mixtures containing tryptophan synthetase from
Neurospora
, indole, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This product has been tentatively identified as an indole derivative. Since this compound is not formed in incubation mixtures initially containing only enzyme and indole-3-glycerolphosphate, it was concluded that indole-3-glycerolphosphate synthesis and breakdown are not simply the forward and reverse components of a reversible reaction.
Resistance to the Chemical Sterilant, Apholate, in
Aedes aegypti
Authors: Hazard E. I. , Lofgren C. S. , Woodard D. B. , Ford H. R. , Glancey B. M.
Published: October 2006

Increased resistance to the sterilizing effects of apholate was observed in two colonies of
Aedes aegypti
(L.) exposed in the larval stage of each generation to concentrations of apholate that induced about 90 to 40 percent sterility in the eggs laid by the ensuing adults.
Histochemical Demonstration of Uptake of Exogenous Norepinephrine by Adrenergic Fibers in vitro
Authors: Angelakos E. T.
Published: October 2006

Adrenergic fibers in isolated iris preparations were demonstrated histochemically by means of the formaldehyde condensation technique. In the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) there was a net uptake of norepinephrine added in vitro by the adrenergic fibers producing a striking increase in fluorescence. In the absence of ATP only a slight increase in fluorescence was observed when the tissue was exposed to high concentrations of norepinephrine.
Seed Radiosensitivity: A New Constant?
Authors: Osborne Thomas S. , Lunden Allyn O.
Published: October 2006

Dormant seeds of different species tolerate varying amounts of ionizing radiation, species having smaller nuclei in the apical meristem generally withstanding greater exposure. Nuclear volume (in μ
3
) multiplied by radiation exposure (in roentgens) equals a constant, estimated from 12 species to be (10.14 ± 1.17) × 10
6
. From nuclear volumes alone, predictions of radiation response for two unknown species were made; experimental values in both cases fell below the 95 percent but within the 99 percent confidence intervals of the predictions.
Hormone Excretion Patterns in Breast and Prostate Cancer Are Abnormal
Authors: Stern Elizabeth , Hopkins Carl E. , Weiner John M. , Marmorston Jessie
Published: October 2006

In patients with breast and prostate cancer hormone excretion patterns differ in a similar way from patterns in persons without cancer.
Nucleic Acid Metabolism in L Cells Infected with a Member of the Psittacosis Group
Authors: Schechter Esther M. , Tribby Ilse I. E. , Moulder James W.
Published: October 2006

Multiplication of the meningopneumonitis agent in the cytoplasm of L cells in suspension culture is accompanied by parallel increases in cytoplasmic DNA, RNA, and phospholipid. Synthesis of RNA and phospholipid in infected cells is inhibited at the height of meningopneumonitis multiplication, but nuclear DNA synthesis is inhibited earlier and to a greater degree
Uric Acid Transport System: Apparent Absence in Erythrocytes of the Dalmatian Coach Hound
Authors: Harvey Alice M. , Christensen Halvor N.
Published: October 2006

The Dalmatian coach hound appears to lack a mediated transport system for uric acid, which can be demonstrated in the erythrocytes of other dogs by hypoxanthine inhibition of uric acid uptake. This transport deficiency may be a manifestation of a genetic defect which has different metabolic consequences in the liver, in the kidney, and in other tissues, depending on the direction of their differentiation.
Location of an Aircraft Impact from Gravity Waves
Authors: Amstutz David E. , Neshyba Steve
Published: October 2006

The energy released upon impact of an airliner that crashed into Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, on 25 February 1964 caused changes in water levels of sufficient duration and amplitude to be recorded by tide gages situated within the lake. Analysis of the recorded arrival times made it possible to locate the point of impact within an irregular area approximately 1500 feet (500 meters) in radius
Thymus: Role in Maturation of Fetal Lymphoid Precursors
Authors: Tyan Marvin L.
Published: October 2006

Liver cells from homozygous embryonic mice were subjected to serial passage through appropriate thymectomized and sham-thymectomized F
1
hybrids. Passage through a nonthymectomized host was required for maturation and/or proliferation of the potential immunologically competent cells in the embryonic liver.
Thymectomy: Effect on Secondary Disease in Radiation Chimeras
Authors: van Putten L. M.
Published: October 2006

The pattern of secondary mortality in mice after irradiation and hemopoietic cell transplantation was changed by thymectomy of the recipients 3 weeks before irradiation. In isologous and parent-to-F
1
chimeras excess mortality was occurring later than the usual period of secondary disease. In thymectomized heterologous chimeras secondary mortality was decreased and delayed.
Alkaline Phosphatase in Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Pinner Betty , Davison John F. , Campbell James B.
Published: October 2006

By means of a simultaneous coupling azo dye technique, alkaline phosphatase at the node of Ranvier and the incisures of Schmidt-Lanterman has been identified. The presence of this enzyme at these sites may be of metabolic significance.
Synchronous Sensory Bombardment of Young Rats: Effects on the Electroencephalogram
Authors: Heron W. , Anchel H.
Published: October 2006

Rats were exposed to intense five-per-second synchronous clicks and flashes from birth to adulthood. Electroencephalographic recordings showed an abnormally high incidence of high-voltage burst activity in the visual cortex and thalamus of the animals; wave frequency within the bursts was five per second instead of the normal seven per second.
Incorporation of Uridine-H
3
into Nuclei of Virus-Infected Tobacco
Authors: Smith Samuel H. , Schlegel David E.
Published: October 2006

Tritiated uridine is selectively incorporated into the nucleus and nucleolus of tobacco leaf discs infected with tobacco mosaic virus that has been treated with actinomycin D. Such incorporation did not occur in noninfected tobacco treated with actinomycin D. Nontreated, infected, and healthy tobacco incorporated substantially more tritiated uridine.
Midbrain Hemisection: Effect on Cortical Acetylcholine in the Cat
Authors: Pepeu G. , Mantegazzini P.
Published: October 2006

A midbrain hemisection in a midpontine pretrigeminal preparation of the cat causes an asymmetry in the electroencephalogram with a marked increase in the acetylcholine content of the cortex from the synchronized hemisphere. It is suggested that the increase in acetylcholine is related to the decrease of nervous activity caused by the hemisection.
Effects of Cutaneous and Muscle Sensory Nerve Volleys in Awake Cats: A Study in Perception
Authors: Swett John E. , Bourassa Charles M. , Inoue Shunichiro
Published: October 2006

The hypothesis that discharges from afferent nerves from muscle stretch receptors do not participate in kinesthesis has been substantiated by test of discrimination thresholds. In awake, unrestrained cats, nerve stimulation activating group I and most group II sensory fibers (from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs) in pure muscular nerves failed to evoke sensory discrimination. Cutaneous nerve stimulation in the same animals produced sensory discrimination even below intensities required to elicit detectable nerve thresholds.
Inhibition of Specific Binding of Antibody to the Rh
0
(D) Factor of Red Cells in Antibody Excess
Authors: Masouredis S. P. , Dupuy Mary Edith , Elliot Margaret
Published: October 2006

The uptake by red cells of I
131
-labeled nonagglutinating antibody to the Rh
0
(D) factor was dependent on the proportion of cells to antibody during sensitization. Inhibition of antibody binding by red cells in the region of antibody excess occurred with Rh
0
(D) positive red cells that were both papain modified and untreated; the inhibition was independent of the Rh phenotype.
Speakers' and Listeners' Processes in a Word-Communication Task
Authors: Rosenberg Seymour , Cohen Bertram D.
Published: October 2006

A communication task was developed to investigate the processes by which a speaker selects verbal clues in order to distinguish one word (referent) from another (nonreferent) and the processes by which a listener identifies the speaker's referent word. Data from speakers and listeners in this task were linked to word-association norms by means of a stochastic model.
Cosmic Electromagnetic Radiation
Authors: Hafner Everett M.
Published: October 2006

Within a few decades astronomy has extended the compass of its observations from the visible spectrum downward to radio waves and upward to the highest energies known to science. The major new accomplishments are in the radio and x-ray bands, and in the associated study of cosmic ray electrons. Synchrotron radiation is known to be a mechanism for radio signals; discrete x-ray sources have been found; the intensity and the charge ratio of galactic electrons are under study. Experimental results at energies above the x-ray region are less firm. The sun surely emits gamma rays at energies of about 1 Mev during flare activity, and instruments in deep space have probably recorded the general galactic glow of similar photons. Upper limits for fluxes have been set at 100 Mev and beyond.

To some extent the physical processes which give rise to the extraterrestrial radiation are familiar to workers in the terrestrial laboratory. Synchrotron radiation is an example; the bremsstrahlung of electrons, the production of neutral pions in
p
-
p
collisions, and the annihilation of electron and nucleon pairs are others. Some proposed mechanisms are, and perhaps always will be, purely speculative in the sense that they are not directly observable in the laboratory. The inverse Compton effect, possibly one of the sources of a metagalactic sky glow of hard photons, is in this class. There is little chance that spontaneous creation of matter, even if it occurs in nature, can be observed on a terrestrial scale. And the extreme physical conditions proposed for neutron stars are beyond our ability to reproduce. Only through interpretation of astronomical data can we test the validity of these ideas. The many pictures of the universe given by the vast electromagnetic spectrum are essential to the synthesis of our concepts.