bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A machine learning-based approach for product maintenance prediction with reliability information conversion
Authors: Zhang Hua , He Xue , Yan Wei , Jiang Zhigang , Zhu Shuo
Published: July 2022

Predictive maintenance (PdM) cannot only avoid economic losses caused by improper maintenance but also maximize the operation reliability of product. It has become the core of operation management. As an important issue in PdM, the time between failures (TBF) prediction can realize early detection and maintenance of products. The reliability information is the main basis for TBF prediction. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to establish an intelligent TBF prediction model for complex mechanical products. The reliability information conversion method is used to solve the problems of reliability information collection difficulty, high collection cost and small data samples in the process of TBF prediction based on reliability information for complex mechanical products. The product reliability information is fully mined and enriched to obtain more reliable and accurate TBF prediction results. Firstly, the Fisher algorithm is employed to convert the reliability information to expand the sample, and the compatibility test is also discussed. Secondly, BP neural network is used to realize the final prediction of TBF, and PSO algorithm is used to optimize the initial weight and threshold of BP neural network to avoid falling into local extreme value and improve the convergence speed. Thirdly, the mean-absolute-percentage-error and the Coefficient of determination are selected to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and method. Finally, a case study of TBF prediction for a remanufactured CNC milling machine tool (XK6032-01) is studied in this paper, and the results show that the feasibility and superiority of the proposed TBF prediction method.
Medications Most Commonly Associated with Erectile Dysfunction: Evaluation of the Food and Drug Administration National Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Kaplan-Marans Elie , Sandozi Arshia , Martinez Mariela , Lee Jeffrey , Schulman Ariel , Khurgin Jacob
Published: July 2022

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an adverse effect of many medications.

Aim

We used a national pharmacovigilance database to assess which medications had the highest reported frequency of ED.

Methods

The Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was queried to identify medications with the highest frequency of ED adverse event reports from 2010 to 2020. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and testosterone were excluded because these medications are often used as treatments for men with ED. The 20 medications with the highest frequency of ED were included in the disproportionality analysis.

Outcomes

Proportional Reporting Ratios (PRRs) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results

The 20 medications accounted for 6,142 reports of ED. 5-α reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) and neuropsychiatric medications accounted for 2,823 (46%) and 2,442 (40%) of these reports respectively. Seven medications showed significant levels of disproportionate reporting with finasteride and dutasteride having the highest PRRs: 110.03 (103.14–117.39) and 9.40 (7.83–11.05) respectively. The other medications are used in a wide variety of medical fields such as cardiology, dermatology, and immunology.

Clinical Implications

Physicians should be familiar with these medications and understand their respective mechanisms of action, so that they may counsel patients appropriately and improve their quality of life.

Strengths and Limitations

The strength of the study is its large sample size and that it captures pharmacologic trends on a national level. Quantitative and comparative “real-world” data is lacking for the most common medications associated with ED. The limitation is that the number of reported events does not establish causality and cannot be used to calculate ED incidence rates.

Conclusion

In a national pharmacovigilance database, 5-ARIs and neuropsychiatric medications had the highest reports of ED adverse effects. There were many other medications used in a variety of medical fields that were also associated with ED.
Simulation-Based Drone Assisted Search Operations in a River
Authors: Cicek Mustafa , Pasli Sinan , Imamoglu Melih , Yadigaroglu Metin , Beser Muhammed Fatih , Gunduz Abdulkadir
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Drones can transmit live video and geographic coordinates during the planning stages for search and rescue operations and the operations themselves. There are few simulation studies in which drones provided rescue support. However, the literature does not contain any simulation studies involving the use of drones to locate lost “victims” represented by dummies in rivers. We developed a simulation model to compare the first visual contact times for drone-assisted search techniques (DAST) and classic search techniques (CST).

Methods

In this prospective experimental simulation study, we used both DAST and CST to perform a series of river searches for unconscious victims (represented by dummies). We calculated the first visual contact times, total scanned area, scanned area per minute, flight-walking distances, and flight-walking speeds and compared the results between both groups. The data are presented as mean±SD.

Results

We performed 20 search and rescue operations, 10 with the CST and 10 with the DAST. The time to reach the victim was 823±177 s using CST and 80±14 s using DAST. The area scanned by unit time was 3091±54 m2·min-1 using CST and 22,640±1622 m2·min-1 using DAST.

Conclusions

The drone-assisted search technique located a simulated victim drifting in a river faster than the classic search technique. The use of drones in search and rescue operations could improve the time to find victims.
Charity in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Derbal Nora
Published: July 2022

In this innovative study of everyday charity practices in Jeddah, Nora Derbal employs a 'bottom-up' approach to challenge dominant narratives about state-society relations in Saudi Arabia. Exploring charity organizations in Jeddah, this book both offers a rich ethnography of associational life and counters Riyadh-centric studies which focus on oil, the royal family, and the religious establishment. It closely follows those who work on the ground to provide charity to the local poor and needy, documenting their achievements, struggles and daily negotiations. The lens of charity offers rare insights into the religiosity of ordinary Saudis, showing that Islam offers Saudi activists a language, a moral frame, and a worldly guide to confronting inequality. With a view to the many forms of local community activism in Saudi Arabia, this book examines perspectives that are too often ignored or neglected, opening new theoretical debates about civil society and civic activism in the Gulf.
Stealth Lobbying
Authors: McKay Amy Melissa
Published: July 2022

Politicians and lobbyists have incentives to conceal any quid pro quo relationships between them, leaving scholars largely unable to link campaign money to legislative votes. Using behind-the-scenes information gained from novel data sources such as legislators' schedules, fundraising events, legislative amendments, and the campaign contributions of individual lobbyists and the political action committees these lobbyists control, Amy McKay instead investigates how lobbyists influence the content of congressional legislation. The data reveal hidden relationships between lobbyists' campaign assistance and legislators' action on behalf of those lobbyists. Relative to constituents and even average lobbyists, the lobbyists who provide campaign money to members of Congress are more likely to secure meetings with those members, to see their requests introduced as legislation, and to achieve a larger portion of their legislative goals adopted into law. These findings raise important normative concerns about the ability of some to use money to co-opt the democratic process.
A Primer on Theoretical Soil Mechanics
Authors: Kolymbas Dimitrios
Published: July 2022

A Primer to Theoretical Soil Mechanics is about adapting continuum mechanics to granular materials. The field of continuum mechanics offers many fruitful concepts and methods, however there is declining interest in the field due to its complex and fragmented nature. This book's purpose is therefore to facilitate the understanding of the theoretical principles of soil mechanics, as well as introducing the new theory of barodesy. This title argues for barodesy as a simple alternative to the plasticity theory used currently and provides a systematic insight into this new constitutive model for granular materials. This book therefore introduces a complex field from a fresh and innovative perspective using simple concepts, succinct equations and explanatory sketches. Intended for advanced undergraduates, graduates and PhD students, this title is also apt for researchers seeking advanced training on fundamental topics.
The New Economic Governance of the Eurozone
Authors: Dermine Paul
Published: July 2022

The Eurozone and the European Union have recently been confronted with a number of existential threats. The sovereign debt crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic have forced European decisionmakers to pass important reforms which have radically transformed the nature and scope of the Union's powers in the field of economic and fiscal policy. As the new economic governance of the Eurozone emerges as the main driver of integration in today's Europe, this book seeks to assess the solidity of the constitutional foundations supporting that system, and its compliance with the Union's core founding value: the rule of law. Using competence allocation, regulatory quality, access to external review and fundamental rights sustainability as analytical benchmarks, this book argues that the recent metamorphosis of Eurozone economic governance has not been accompanied by a parallel strengthening of its constitutional settlement, leading to a problematic misalignment between the Union's action and its governing principles.
Human Development and the Path to Freedom
Authors: Prados de la Escosura Leandro
Published: July 2022

How has human development evolved during the last 150 years of globalization and economic growth? How has human development been distributed across countries? How do developing countries compare to developed countries? Do social systems matter for wellbeing? Are there differences in the performance of developing regions over time? Employing a capabilities approach, Human Development and the Path to Freedom addresses these key questions in the context of modern economic growth and globalization from c.1870 to the present. Leandro Prados de la Escosura shows that health, access to knowledge, standards of living, and civil and political freedom can substitute for GDP per head as more accurate measures of our wellbeing.
Towards Dismantling Patriarchy in the Kibera Slum, Kenya: Narrative Accounts of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Kariuki L. W. , Jansen van Rensburg S. K.
Published: July 2022

Kibera is the largest informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, and Africa’s largest urban informal settlement. It is a community plagued by poverty and unemployment. In response to the social disorganization common to informal settlements, criminal activity is rampant, particularly in assault and sexual violence cases. Patriarchal beliefs fuel power imbalances which consequently perpetuate violence. Kenyan societies tend to be traditionally patriarchal and characterized by male privilege and female subservience. This article explores the narrative accounts of female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) to overcome patriarchy in Kibera, Kenya. Through a qualitative inquiry, 32 female victims of IPV were interviewed, and the data obtained were thematically analysed. The findings established that patriarchy is sustained in Kibera through control, dominance and violence. Additionally, salient partakers in advancing patriarchy are family structures and authorities. Moreover, strategies to dismantle patriarchy and IPV are proposed through these narrative accounts.
Vernalization required to induce flowering in rosettes of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
Authors: Katovich Elizabeth J. , Katovich Erik S. , Becker Roger L.
Published: July 2022

Garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande] is an invasive Brassicaceae species native to Europe. As obligate biennials, A. petiolata rosettes require a sufficient length of cold during the winter to flower the following spring. As such, mild winter temperatures could limit the species’ potential western and southern distribution in North America. The goal of this research was to characterize the vernalization period required for A. petiolata rosettes to develop the capacity to flower. The objectives of this research were: (1) confirm whether A. petiolata rosettes required a vernalization period to flower; (2) define base and upper temperatures that satisfy the vernalization requirement of A. petiolata rosettes under field conditions; (3) determine the vernalization requirement for flowering and calculate chilling degree days (CDD) accumulated during the cold period; and (4) in a common garden, determine the vernalization requirement of A. petiolata rosettes collected from the southern and northern ranges of its distribution in North America and Europe. The probability of flowering increases as A. petiolata rosettes accumulate CDD. This relationship is defined by a binary logistic (logit) function, with base and maximum temperatures of −3 and 4 C, respectively. The regression equation model predicted that 68 and 120 CDD would result in 50% and 99% probability of flowering, respectively, across all locations. Rosettes from five different seed sources varied in the CDD required for flowering when grown in a common garden. Rosettes originating from a Croatia seed source flowered after exposure to fewer CDD than those from Scotland. In North America, rosettes originating from seeds from Arkansas were more likely to flower after exposure to fewer CDD than those from Ohio or Minnesota. Our results may be used to predict the potential distribution of A. petiolata in North America.
Marche Triomphale: A Forgotten Musical Tract in Qajar-European Encounters
Authors: Mohammadi Mohsen
Published: July 2022

This article introduces Julius Heise’s Marche Triomphale which reveals a history that was eliminated during the nineteenth century race theory publications. Beginning with an account of Iranians’ encounters with European military music, this article provides a brief history of Iranian military bands in European style, or the bands of muzikānchiān. It then addresses racial motivations behind a short account on Iranian music in 1885 by Victor Advielle, a French administrator. Arthur de Gobineau’s race theories were fashionable in nineteenth century Europe, and Victor Advielle used his fellow Artesian, Alfred Lemaire, to prove their racial superiority. Through Advielle’s account, Lemaire became the main figure of European music in Iran in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The article proceeds with biographical information on two European musicians, Marco Brambilla (d.1867 in Tehran) and Julius Heise (d.1870 in Tehran), and uncovers the earliest known piece published for the bands of muzikānchiān: Marche Triomphale, À Sa Majesté Impériale Nassir-Ed-Din Shah Kadjar de Perse.
Not By Archives Alone: The “Revolution” in Soviet Central Asian Literary Studies
Authors: Roosien Claire
Published: July 2022

In contemporary Central Asia, Soviet-era authors are national heroes. Writers’ natal homes have become lovingly curated home-museums; statues of poets bedeck city squares; and schoolchildren write dictations from twentieth-century novels. Less often discussed in public, such writers also once belonged to the Soviet Writers’ Union, many of these poets called themselves “proletarian,” and their novels purported to imagine “revolution.” Poems about tractors rarely appear in today's anthologies, and new editions of 1930s novels excise the once-obligatory references to Stalin. In reaction to their Soviet-era canonization, some writers have been knocked from their pedestals, as recently happened to Hamza in Uzbekistan. Due to the political sensitivity of many Soviet writers in Uzbekistan, most serious scholarly attention has turned, since 1990, toward transitional Jadid writers of the early revolutionary years who were ultimately devoured by the official regime, such as Cho'lpon and Fitrat.
Persianate Pasts; National Presents: Persian Literary and Cultural Production in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Fani Aria , Schwartz Kevin L.
Published: July 2022

Persianate pasts die hard. Despite the birth of nation-states, advent of colonialism, rise of national literatures, and emergence of new global technologies, the Persianate connections defining the texts, idioms, and vocabularies that bound together large swaths of Islamic Eurasia throughout the early-modern period continued to shape and inflect cultural and literary production in the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries. If the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries established the high-water mark of Persianate transregionalism, then the following two centuries were defined not so much by the undoing of this world in toto, but by its redeployment, reimagining, and regeneration in new cultural guises and (trans)national contexts. Exchanges across borders and languages helped to articulate new meanings for Persian texts. Educational practices in British India and journalistic ones in Central Asia provided venues for Persianate norms to be preserved, contested, and consecrated. The internationalism of the Soviet East created a new avenue for dynamic conversations about the nature of Persianate heritage and traditions. While new national practices and political ecologies were taking shape across Afghanistan, the Caucasus, Iran, and Central and South Asia, refashionings of Persianate pasts persisted. It is an exploration of such refashionings and the people who participated in them that form the contents of this special issue.
Mire a mi ilustre ancestro: El mensaje personalizado en los queros incas coloniales
Authors: Ziółkowski Mariusz , Arabas Jarosław
Published: July 2022

Se presenta un análisis detallado de tres queros con las escenas “El Inca y la Coya” y “Guerra de los incas contra los chunchus o antis”. Cada pieza es individualizada mediante sutiles diferencias tanto en las escenas figurativas como en las bandas de signostocapus. Esta característica es propia de los queros con escenas complejas y bandas detocapusde más de seis signos. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el encargo al artesano/artista comprendía ciertos requisitos, que podemos denominar mensajes semánticos asociados directamente al futuro propietario de los objetos. En el caso de la escena “El Inca y la Coya” muy probablemente se trataba, en primer lugar, de hacer referencia a los verdaderos (o supuestos) ilustres ancestros del propietario del vaso. En el caso de la escena “Guerra de los incas contra los chunchus o antis” se trataba, muy probablemente, de resaltar una gesta sobresaliente del ancestro, algo que se conocía de la tradición oral inca. Resulta que el lenguaje visual andino expresado en los queros manifiesta una complejidad y una precisión en los mensajes trasmitidos por esta vía mucho mayor de lo que se solía pensar.
Representing Male Disability in Colombian Audiovisual Media: The Masking of Social and Political Intersections inLos informantes
Authors: García León David L. , García León Javier E.
Published: July 2022

This article examines the discursive construction of male disability inLos informantes, a national Colombian TV show. By combining critical discourse analysis, multimodal discourse analysis, and queer linguistics with (critical) disability studies and crip theory, it examines three TV reports that narrate the lives of a physically disabled Venezuelan migrant, a young Colombian with Down syndrome, and a physically disabled Colombian living in Great Britain. The analysis shows thatLos informantesrelies on inspirational and individualistic imagery that conceals the role of the neoliberal state in debilitating the lives of these men. By using a set of linguistic, visual, and discursive strategies (the supercrip figure, narrative prosthesis, and inclusionist profitability, among others), the reports mask the social and political aspects of disability. This study contributes to understanding the intersection between language, dis/ability, sexuality, and media in Latin America and questions dominant discursive constructions on disability.
Linguistic and nonlinguistic evaluation of motion events in a path-focused language
Authors: Aktan-Erciyes Aslı , Akbuğa Emir , Dik Feyza Nur , Göksun Tilbe
Published: July 2022

This study examines how properties of path (the trajectory of motion) and manner (how an action is performed) components of motion events are reflected in linguistic and nonlinguistic motion event conceptualization in a path-focused language, Turkish. In two experiments, we investigated how path and manner differed in salience (i.e., prominence) and ease of expression (EoE, i.e., effort of describing), and how these factors were related to lexicalization and similarity judgments of motion events. In Experiment 1, participants rated motion events based on path and manner salience and EoE and expressed path and manner in a written format. Results indicated that manner was rated as more salient and path as easier to express. Path salience and EoE were related to both types (i.e., number of different expressions) and the total number of paths and manners used. However, manner EoE but not salience was associated with only types and the total number of manners used. In Experiment 2, participants rated the similarity of motion event pairs created using the ratings in Experiment 1. We found that higher manner salience and EoE difference were associated with lower similarity ratings. These findings suggest that salience and EoE of path and manner are related to both linguistic and nonlinguistic aspects of motion event conceptualization.
Peasant frontiers as a research strategy: peasant resilience and the reproduction of common land rights
Authors: Cottyn Hanne , Vanhaute Eric , Beeckaert Esther
Published: July 2022

Common land rights are nowadays identified as a pivotal action terrain for building sustainable development and climate resilience. This often leads to an idealisation of these common land systems and the people that manage them. This article presents a research strategy that elaborates on the notion of frontiers to unpack peasant resilience and common land rights as the outcome of a long history of peasant adaptation, resistance and self-reinvention within a globalising world. It presents an empirical comparative analysis of common land rights in European and Andean peasant communities in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
American Political Development as a Problem-Driven Enterprise
Authors: Galvin Daniel J. , Thurston Chloe N.
Published: July 2022

We argue that American political development's (APD's) relentless preoccupation with the substantive problems that shape and animate American politics and how they emerge and develop over time has been a key source of the subfield's durability. We elaborate on three main payoffs to conceptualizing APD as a problem-driven enterprise: (1) it highlights APD's main comparative advantage within the American politics subfield, noting the tremendous agility APD's substantive breadth lends the enterprise; (2) it resolves the methodological debate, granting simply that the question chooses the method rather than the other way around; and (3) it reorients the critique: simply because a subfield considers itself to be problem-oriented does not mean that it is identifying the right problems to study.
Association of steroid administration with larger coronary artery abnormalities in patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Kawai Satoru , Morihana Eiji , Kawabe Shinji , Iwata Naomi , Saito Kazuyoshi , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Yasuda Kazushi
Published: July 2022

We sought to elucidate the risk profiles of patients with Kawasaki disease who developed coronary artery abnormalities through a retrospective analysis with special reference to steroid treatment. Demographics of the patients were obtained from medical records, and characteristics of the coronary artery abnormalities were evaluated by echocardiography and coronary angiography, which included number, location, size, and length of coronary artery abnormalities (we evaluated by cardiac catheterisation with the American Heart Association classification with segments). We divided the patients into two groups based on steroid use and compared their characteristics and the complications of coronary artery abnormalities and cardiac events. A total of 29 patients were diagnosed with coronary artery abnormalities by echocardiography and coronary angiography during the study period (24 male; median age, 24 months [range: 2–84 months]). Eighteen patients were treated with aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (63%, non-steroid group), whereas 11 received aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin plus steroids (37%, steroid group). No significant differences were found in the number and location of coronary artery abnormalities between the steroid and non-steroid groups. However, the size and number of segments for coronary artery abnormalities were significantly larger and shorter, respectively, in the steroid group (z-score: non-steroid group 6.3 versus steroid group 8.7; p < 0.01). The coronary artery abnormality segments under steroid use were also shorter (non-steroid group versus steroid group, two segments versus one segment; p = 0.02). Coronary artery abnormality size was larger in patients who used steroids than that of non-steroids. This study showed that steroid use significantly affected coronary artery abnormality size in patients with Kawasaki disease. However, cardiac complications from coronary artery abnormalities and cardiac events were comparable between the steroid and non-steroid groups. Further prospective, multicentre studies are needed to confirm these findings.
An outstanding message of hope: the WHO World Mental Health Report 2022
Authors: Saraceno Benedetto , Caldas de Almeida José Miguel
Published: July 2022

The new WHO World Health Report on Mental Health includes a comprehensive and updated assessment of the current mental health situation at the global level, a critical and well-documented reflexion on the progresses achieved and the failures registered in global mental health, and an indication of the paths and strategies that should be prioritised to ensure the transformations that are urgently needed. The report offers significant enrichments on different areas like social determinants, premature mortality of persons suffering from mental disability, the negative aspects of the persistence of inpatient institutions, the role of people with lived experience as important agents of change, the importance of child and adolescent mental health. The present Editorial stresses the importance of Deinstitutionalisation as a cross-cutting element ofallhealth policy, plans, budgeting and service organisation and draws attention to the fact that the ubiquitous persistence of large psychiatric institutions is a clear indicator that reality is far from declarations despite the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability.
Magnetic Waves Excited by Newborn Pickup H+ Near Jupiter: Neutral Hydrogen Loss by the Planetary System
Authors: Hollick Sophia J. , Smith Charles W. , Pine Zackary B. , Argall Matthew R. , Joyce Colin J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Sokół Justyna M. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , Bagenal F. , Richardson John D.
Published: July 2022

We report here observations of magnetic waves recorded by the Voyager spacecraft in the solar wind near Jupiter that are possibly the result of excitation by newborn pickup H+. Consideration of growth rates due to the known interstellar ion sources strongly disfavor an interstellar source. To determine the likely source of the waves, we compute the minimum ion production rate by equating wave growth to turbulent cascade rates and derive a lower limit for the production of H+ at the times of observations. The only available source of neutral H at these times and at the levels required is the Jovian system, most notably charge exchange between energetic protons and the neutral clouds around Io and Europa's orbits. Further refinement of the source identity is not possible at this time. We provide an estimate for the neutral H source subject to assumptions of the latitudinal extent of the population which is not constrained by observation.
Insights for the Partitioning of Ecosystem Evaporation and Transpiration in Short‐Statured Croplands
Authors: Paul‐Limoges Eugenie , Revill Andrew , Maier Regine , Buchmann Nina , Damm Alexander
Published: July 2022

Reducing water losses in agriculture needs a solid understanding of when evaporation (E) losses occur and how much water is used through crop transpiration (T). Partitioning ecosystem T is however challenging, and even more so when it comes to short‐statured crops, where many standard methods lead to inaccurate measurements. In this study, we combined biometeorological measurements with a Soil‐Plant‐Atmosphere Crop (SPA‐Crop) model to estimate T and E at a Swiss cropland over two crop seasons with winter cereals. We compared our results with two data‐driven approaches: The Transpiration Estimation Algorithm (TEA) and the underlying Water Use Efficiency (uWUE). Despite large differences in the productivity of both years, the T to evapotranspiration (ET) ratio had relatively similar seasonal and diurnal dynamics, and averaged to 0.72 and 0.73. Our measurements combined with a SPA‐Crop model provided T estimates similar to the TEA method, while the uWUE method produced systematically lower T even when the soil and leaves were dry. T was strongly related to the leaf area index, but additionally varied due to climatic conditions. The most important climatic drivers controlling T were found to be the photosynthetic photon flux density (R2 = 0.84 and 0.87), and vapor pressure deficit (R2 = 0.86 and 0.70). Our results suggest that site‐specific studies can help establish T/ET ratios, as well as identify dominant climatic drivers, which could then be used to partition T from reliable ET measurements. Moreover, our results suggest that the TEA method is a suitable tool for ET partitioning in short‐statured croplands.
Modeled Streamflow Response to Scenarios of Tundra Lake Water Withdrawal and Seasonal Climate Extremes, Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska
Authors: Gädeke Anne , Arp Christopher D. , Liljedahl Anna K. , Daanen Ronald P. , Cai Lei , Alexeev Vladimir A. , Jones Benjamin M. , Wipfli Mark S. , Schulla Jörg
Published: July 2022

On the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) in northern Alaska (USA), permafrost and abundant surface‐water storage define watershed hydrological processes. In the last decades, the ACP landscape experienced extreme climate events and increased lake water withdrawal (LWW) for infrastructure construction, primarily ice roads and industrial operations. However, their potential (combined) effects on streamflow are relatively underexplored. Here, we applied the process‐based, spatially distributed hydrological and thermal Water Balance Simulation Model (10 m spatial resolution) to the 30 km2 Crea Creek watershed located on the ACP. The impacts of documented seasonal climate extremes and LWW were evaluated on seasonal runoff (May–August), including minimum 7‐day mean flow (MQ7), the recovery time of MQ7 to pre‐perturbation conditions, and the duration of streamflow conditions that prevents fish passage. Low‐rainfall scenarios (21% of normal, one to three summers in a row) caused a larger reduction in MQ7 (−56% to −69%) than LWW alone (−44% to −58%). Decadal‐long consecutive LWW under average climate conditions resulted in a new equilibrium in low flow and seasonal runoff after 3 years that included a disconnected stream network, a reduced watershed contributing area (54% of total watershed area), and limited fish passage of 20 days (vs. 6 days under control conditions) throughout summer. Our results highlight that, even under current average climatic conditions, LWW is not offset by same‐year snowmelt as currently assumed in land management regulations. Effective land management would therefore benefit from considering the combined impact of climate change and industrial LWWs.
The hidden link between circadian entropy and mental health disorders
Authors: Alachkar Amal , Lee Justine , Asthana Kalyani , Vakil Monfared Roudabeh , Chen Jiaqi , Alhassen Sammy , Samad Muntaha , Wood Marcelo , Mayer Emeran A. , Baldi Pierre
Published: July 2022

The high overlapping nature of various features across multiple mental health disorders suggests the existence of common psychopathology factor(s) (p-factors) that mediate similar phenotypic presentations across distinct but relatable disorders. In this perspective, we argue that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is a common underlying p-factor that bridges across mental health disorders within their age and sex contexts. We present and analyze evidence from the literature for the critical roles circadian rhythmicity plays in regulating mental, emotional, and behavioral functions throughout the lifespan. A review of the literature shows that coarse CRD, such as sleep disruption, is prevalent in all mental health disorders at the level of etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical phenotypical manifestations. Finally, we discuss the subtle interplay of CRD with sex in relation to these disorders across different stages of life. Our perspective highlights the need to shift investigations towards molecular levels, for instance, by using spatiotemporal circadian “omic” studies in animal models to identify the complex and causal relationships between CRD and mental health disorders.
PLOD3 contributes to HER-2 therapy resistance in gastric cancer through FoxO3/Survivin pathway
Authors: Chen Yueda , Ye Botian , Wang Chunyan , Nie Yanyan , Qin Jing , Shen Zhenbin
Published: July 2022

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), a famous therapeutic target for breast cancer, is also associated with an increased risk of recurrence and poor outcomes of other malignancies, including gastric cancer. Yet the mechanism of HER-2 therapy resistance remains controversial due to the heterogeneity of gastric adenocarcinoma. We know, Procollagen-Lysine,2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase 3 (PLOD3), a key gene coding enzymes that catalyze the lysyl hydroxylation of extracellular matrix collagen, plays an important contributor to HER-2 targeting agent Trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer. Herein, we analyzed clinical samples of gastric cancer patients and gastric cancer cell lines and identified PLOD3, unveiled that depletion of PLOD3 leads to decreased cell proliferation, tumor growth and Trastuzumab sensitivity in these Trastuzumab resistant GC cell lines. Clinically, increased PLOD3 expression correlates with decreased Trastuzumab therapy responsiveness in GC patients. Mechanistically, we show that PLOD3 represses tumor suppressor FoxO3 expression, therefore upregulating Survivin protein expression that contributes to Trastuzumab resistance in GC. Therefore, our study identifies a new signaling axis PLOD3-FoxO3- Survivin pathway that may be therapeutically targeted in HER-2 positive gastric cancer.
Accelerated lysine metabolism conveys kidney protection in salt-sensitive hypertension
Authors: Rinschen Markus M. , Palygin Oleg , El-Meanawy Ashraf , Domingo-Almenara Xavier , Palermo Amelia , Dissanayake Lashodya V. , Golosova Daria , Schafroth Michael A. , Guijas Carlos , Demir Fatih , Jaegers Johannes , Gliozzi Megan L. , Xue Jingchuan , Hoehne Martin , Benzing Thomas , Kok Bernard P. , Saez Enrique , Bleich Markus , Himmerkus Nina , Weisz Ora A. , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Krüger Marcus , Benton H. Paul , Siuzdak Gary , Staruschenko Alexander
Published: July 2022

Hypertension and kidney disease have been repeatedly associated with genomic variants and alterations of lysine metabolism. Here, we combined stable isotope labeling with untargeted metabolomics to investigate lysine’s metabolic fate in vivo. Dietary 13C6 labeled lysine was tracked to lysine metabolites across various organs. Globally, lysine reacts rapidly with molecules of the central carbon metabolism, but incorporates slowly into proteins and acylcarnitines. Lysine metabolism is accelerated in a rat model of hypertension and kidney damage, chiefly through N-alpha-mediated degradation. Lysine administration diminished development of hypertension and kidney injury. Protective mechanisms include diuresis, further acceleration of lysine conjugate formation, and inhibition of tubular albumin uptake. Lysine also conjugates with malonyl-CoA to form a novel metabolite Nε-malonyl-lysine to deplete malonyl-CoA from fatty acid synthesis. Through conjugate formation and excretion as fructoselysine, saccharopine, and Nε-acetyllysine, lysine lead to depletion of central carbon metabolites from the organism and kidney. Consistently, lysine administration to patients at risk for hypertension and kidney disease inhibited tubular albumin uptake, increased lysine conjugate formation, and reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, compared to kidney-healthy volunteers. In conclusion, lysine isotope tracing mapped an accelerated metabolism in hypertension, and lysine administration could protect kidneys in hypertensive kidney disease.
Development of vanadium-based polyanion positive electrode active materials for high-voltage sodium-based batteries
Authors: Shraer Semyon D. , Luchinin Nikita D. , Trussov Ivan A. , Aksyonov Dmitry A. , Morozov Anatoly V. , Ryazantsev Sergey V. , Iarchuk Anna R. , Morozova Polina A. , Nikitina Victoria A. , Stevenson Keith J. , Antipov Evgeny V. , Abakumov Artem M. , Fedotov Stanislav S.
Published: July 2022

Polyanion compounds offer a playground for designing prospective electrode active materials for sodium-ion storage due to their structural diversity and chemical variety. Here, by combining a NaVPO4F composition and KTiOPO4-type framework via a low-temperature (e.g., 190 °C) ion-exchange synthesis approach, we develop a high-capacity and high-voltage positive electrode active material. When tested in a coin cell configuration in combination with a Na metal negative electrode and a NaPF6-based non-aqueous electrolyte solution, this cathode active material enables a discharge capacity of 136 mAh g−1 at 14.3 mA g−1 with an average cell discharge voltage of about 4.0 V. Furthermore, a specific discharge capacity of 123 mAh g−1 at 5.7 A g−1 is also reported for the same cell configuration. Through ex situ and operando structural characterizations, we also demonstrate that the reversible Na-ion storage at the positive electrode occurs mostly via a solid-solution de/insertion mechanism.
The slow-evolving Acorus tatarinowii genome sheds light on ancestral monocot evolution
Authors: Shi Tao , Huneau Cécile , Zhang Yue , Li Yan , Chen Jinming , Salse Jérôme , Wang Qingfeng
Published: July 2022

Monocots are one of the most diverse groups of flowering plants, and tracing the evolution of their ancestral genome into modern species is essential for understanding their evolutionary success. Here, we report a high-quality assembly of the Acorus tatarinowii genome, a species that diverged early from all the other monocots. Genome-wide comparisons with a range of representative monocots characterized Acorus as a slowly evolved genome with one whole-genome duplication. Our inference of the ancestral monocot karyotypes provides new insights into the chromosomal evolutionary history assigned to modern species and reveals the probable molecular functions and processes related to the early adaptation of monocots to wetland or aquatic habitats (that is, low levels of inorganic phosphate, parallel leaf venation and ephemeral primary roots). The evolution of ancestral gene order in monocots is constrained by gene structural and functional features. The newly obtained Acorus genome offers crucial evidence for delineating the origin and diversification of monocots, including grasses.
In silico identification of two peptides with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Oyama Linda B. , Olleik Hamza , Teixeira Ana Carolina Nery , Guidini Matheus M. , Pickup James A. , Hui Brandon Yeo Pei , Vidal Nicolas , Cookson Alan R. , Vallin Hannah , Wilkinson Toby , Bazzolli Denise M. S. , Richards Jennifer , Wootton Mandy , Mikut Ralf , Hilpert Kai , Maresca Marc , Perrier Josette , Hess Matthias , Mantovani Hilario C. , Fernandez-Fuentes Narcis , Creevey Christopher J. , Huws Sharon A.
Published: July 2022

Here we report two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), HG2 and HG4 identified from a rumen microbiome metagenomic dataset, with activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, a major hospital and community-acquired pathogen. We employed the classifier model design to analyse, visualise, and interpret AMP activities. This approach allowed in silico discrimination of promising lead AMP candidates for experimental evaluation. The lead AMPs, HG2 and HG4, are fast-acting and show anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and demonstrated little toxicity to human primary cell lines. The peptides were effective in vivo within a Galleria mellonella model of MRSA USA300 infection. In terms of mechanism of action, HG2 and HG4 appear to interact with the cytoplasmic membrane of target cells and may inhibit other cellular processes, whilst preferentially binding to bacterial lipids over human cell lipids. Therefore, these AMPs may offer additional therapeutic templates for MDR bacterial infections.
Mortality after second malignancy in breast cancer survivors compared to a first primary cancer: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Deng Zhengyi , Jones Miranda R. , Wang Mei-Cheng , Visvanathan Kala
Published: July 2022

Limited information exists about survival outcomes after second primary cancers (SPCs) among breast cancer survivors. Studies suggest that mortality after certain SPCs may be higher than mortality after first primary cancers (FPCs) of the same type. A cohort study was conducted among 63,424 US women using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database (2000–2016) to compare mortality after a SPC among breast cancer survivors to mortality among women after a FPC using Cox proportional hazard regression. Propensity scores were used to match survivors with SPCs to women with FPCs 1:1 based on cancer type and prognostic factors. During a median follow-up of 42 months, 11,532 cancer deaths occurred after SPCs among survivors compared to 9305 deaths after FPCs. Cumulative cancer mortality was 44.7% for survivors with SPCs and 35.2% for women with FPCs. Survivors with SPCs had higher risk of cancer death (hazard ratio (HR): 1.27, 95% CI: 1.23–1.30) and death overall (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.15–1.21) than women with FPCs. Increased risk of cancer death after SPCs compared to FPCs was observed for cancer in breast, lung, colon and/or rectum, uterus, lymphoma, melanoma, thyroid, and leukemia. Estrogen receptor status and treatment of the prior breast cancer as well as time between prior breast cancer and SPC significantly modified the mortality difference between women with SPC and FPC. A more tailored approach to early detection and treatment could improve outcomes from second cancer in breast cancer survivors.
Allelic overload and its clinical modifier effect in Bardet-Biedl syndrome
Authors: Perea-Romero Irene , Solarat Carlos , Blanco-Kelly Fiona , Sanchez-Navarro Iker , Bea-Mascato Brais , Martin-Salazar Eduardo , Lorda-Sanchez Isabel , Swafiri Saoud Tahsin , Avila-Fernandez Almudena , Martin-Merida Inmaculada , Trujillo-Tiebas Maria Jose , Carreño Ester , Jimenez-Rolando Belen , Garcia-Sandoval Blanca , Minguez Pablo , Corton Marta , Valverde Diana , Ayuso Carmen
Published: July 2022

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by extensive inter- and intra-familial variability, in which oligogenic interactions have been also reported. Our main goal is to elucidate the role of mutational load in the clinical variability of BBS. A cohort of 99 patients from 77 different families with biallelic pathogenic variants in a BBS-associated gene was retrospectively recruited. Human Phenotype Ontology terms were used in the annotation of clinical symptoms. The mutational load in 39 BBS-related genes was studied in index cases using different molecular and next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. Candidate allele combinations were analysed using the in silico tools ORVAL and DiGePred. After clinical annotation, 76 out of the 99 cases a priori fulfilled established criteria for diagnosis of BBS or BBS-like. BBS1 alleles, found in 42% of families, were the most represented in our cohort. An increased mutational load was excluded in 41% of the index cases (22/54). Oligogenic inheritance was suspected in 52% of the screened families (23/45), being 40 tested by means of NGS data and 5 only by traditional methods. Together, ORVAL and DiGePred platforms predicted an oligogenic effect in 44% of the triallelic families (10/23). Intrafamilial variable severity could be clinically confirmed in six of the families. Our findings show that the presence of more than two alleles in BBS-associated genes correlated in six families with a more severe phenotype and associated with specific findings, highlighting the role of the mutational load in the management of BBS cases.
Antigenic comparison of the neuraminidases from recent influenza A vaccine viruses and 2019–2020 circulating strains
Authors: Gao Jin , Li Xing , Klenow Laura , Malik Tahir , Wan Hongquan , Ye Zhiping , Daniels Robert
Published: July 2022

Although viral-based influenza vaccines contain neuraminidase (NA or N) antigens from the recommended seasonal strains, NA is not extensively evaluated like hemagglutinin (H) during the strain selection process. Here, we compared the antigenicity of NAs from recently recommended H1N1 (2010–2021 seasons) and H3N2 (2015–2021 seasons) vaccine strains and viruses that circulated between September 2019 and December 2020. The antigenicity was evaluated by measuring NA ferret antisera titers that provide 50% inhibition of NA activity in an enzyme-linked lectin assay. Our results show that NAs from circulating H1N1 viruses and vaccine strains for the 2017–2021 seasons are all antigenically similar and distinct from the NA in the H1N1 strain recommended for the 2010–2017 seasons. Changes in N1 antigenicity were attributed to the accumulation of substitutions over time, especially the loss of an N-linked glycosylation site (Asn386) in current N1s. The NAs from circulating H3N2 viruses and the 2020–2021 vaccine strains showed similar antigenicity that varied across the N2s in the 2016–2020 vaccine strains and was distinct from the N2 in the 2015–2016 vaccine strain. These data suggest that the recent N1 antigenicity has remained similar since the loss of the head domain N-linked glycosylation site, whereas N2 antigenicity has changed more incrementally each season.