bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tiny Microbes, Big Yields: enhancing food crop production with biological solutions
Authors: Trivedi Pankaj , Schenk Peer M. , Wallenstein Matthew D. , Singh Brajesh K.
Published: August 2017

Plant‐associated microbiomes have tremendous potential to improve plant resilience and yields in farming systems. There is increasing evidence that biological technologies that use microbes or their metabolites can enhance nutrient uptake and yield, control pests and mitigate plant stress responses. However, to fully realize the potential of microbial technology, their efficacy and consistency under the broad range of real‐world conditions need to be improved. While the optimization of microbial biofertilizers and biopesticides is advancing rapidly to enable use in various soils, crop varieties and environments, crop breeding programmes have yet to incorporate the selection of beneficial plant–microbe interactions to breed ‘microbe‐optimized plants’. Emerging efforts exploring microbiome engineering could lead to microbial consortia that are better suited to support plants. The combination of all three approaches could be integrated to achieve maximum benefits and significantly improved crop yields to address food security.
Is definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy effective for locally advanced head and neck cancer in the elderly aged ≥ 75 years: A single‐institute, retrospective, cohort study
Authors: Lai Kuan‐Ming , Lin Jen‐Tsun , Lu Hsueh‐Ju , Liang Chia‐Chun , Chen Mu‐Kuan
Published: August 2017

Background

Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). However, for very elderly patients, the comparison of benefit/risk between definitive radiotherapy (RT) with and without systemic chemotherapy was equivocal.

Patients and methods

The study was a single‐institute, retrospective, cohort study. Seventy patients aged ≥75 years who had a locally advanced HNC were enrolled. The patients were divided into those with CRT and those with RT alone. Survival, compliance/adverse events and independent prognostic factors were analyzed.

Results

For baseline characteristics, the patients who received RT alone had worse performance status, comorbidity score and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio. However, during definitive therapy, the CRT group had more adverse events such as neutropenia, febrile neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. There were no significant differences in disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.864 and 0.788, respectively). As to OS, several independent prognostic factors were identified. Performance status (hazard ratio [HR], 2.312; confidence interval [CI], 1.176–4.546; P = 0.015), clinical T staging (HR, 2.240; 95% CI, 1.021–4.913; P = 0.004) and total RT dose (HR, 2.555; 95% CI, 1.246–5.238; P = 0.010) were independent prognostic factors of OS.

Conclusions

Definitive RT with or without systemic chemotherapy did not significantly influence DSS and OS for very elderly patients. Therefore, for elderly patients aged ≥ 75 years who have HNC, conservative RT might be sufficient for treatment purposes.
Survey shows that Swedish healthcare professionals have a positive attitude towards surrogacy but the health of the child is a concern
Authors: Armuand G , Lampic C , Skoog‐Svanberg A , Wånggren K , Sydsjö G
Published: August 2017

Aim

In February 2016, Sweden upheld its ban on surrogacy following a Government enquiry. This survey investigated attitudes towards surrogacy among primary health professionals working with children and their experiences of working with families following surrogacy abroad.

Methods

From April to November 2016, nurses, physicians and psychologist working in primary child health care in four counties in Sweden were invited to participate in a cross‐sectional online survey about surrogacy.

Results

The mean age of the 208 participants was 49.2 years (range 27–68) and nearly 91% were women. Approximately 60% supported legalised surrogacy. Wanting a conscience clause to be introduced in Sweden was associated with not supporting surrogacy for any groups, while personal experiences of infertility and clinical experiences with families following surrogacy were associated with positive attitudes towards surrogacy for heterosexual couples. The majority (64%) disagreed that surrogate children were as healthy as other children, and many believed that they risked worse mental health (21%) and social stigmatisation (21%).

Conclusion

We found that 60% supported legalised surrogacy, but many expressed concerns about the children's health and greater knowledge about the medical and psychosocial consequences of surrogacy is needed.
Operating anew: Queering GIS with good enough software
Authors: Gieseking Jen Jack
Published: August 2017

In the last decade, conversations around queering of GIScience emerged. Drawing on literature from feminist and queer critical GIS, with special attention to the under‐examined political economy of GIS, I suggest that the critical project of queering all of GIS, both GIScience and GISystems, requires not just recognition of the labour and lives of queers and research in geographies of sexualities. Based upon a queer feminist political economic critique and evidenced in my teaching critical GIS at two elite liberal arts colleges, I argue that the “status quo” between ESRI and geography as a field must be interrupted. Extending a critical GIS focus beyond data structures and data ethics, I argue that geographic researchers and instructors have a responsibility in queering our choice and production of software, algorithms, and code alike. I call this production and choice of democratic, accessible, and useful software by, for, and about the needs of its users, good enough software.
Synthesis and photochemical reaction of benzo[a]quinoxalino[2,3‐c]phenazine dyes
Authors: Podsiadły Radosław , Sokołowska Jolanta , Kolińska Jolanta , Grzelakowska Aleksandra
Published: August 2017

Novel dyes based on the benzo[a]quinoxalino[2,3‐c]phenazine skeleton and necessary intermediates (benzo[a]phenazine‐5,6‐diones) were synthesized. The heterocyclic dyes and benzo[a]phenazine‐5,6‐diones were characterized using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and chemical ion (CI) mass spectrometry. Their spectral properties, such as absorption and emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yield, were also measured. Experimental results demonstrated that photolysis of benzo[a]quinoxalino[2,3‐c]phenazine dyes in 2‐propanol and cyclohexene oxide leads to dihydro derivatives. The same product is formed during irradiation of dye/iodonium salt photoredox pairs in monomers. These compounds absorb incident light at longer wavelength and act as in situ sensitizers. Thus, when a composition was irradiated with a xenon lamp through a 395 cutoff filter, higher conversion was achieved than under monochromatic light.
Dermatopathology 101. Part 2 – Skin tumors
Authors: Liersch Julia , von Köckritz Amelie , Schaller Jörg
Published: August 2017

The present CME article highlights fundamental aspects with respect to the histopathology of the most common skin tumors (epidermal, adnexal, melanocytic, and mesenchymal), their laboratory workup, as well as the importance of supplementary immunohistochemical and molecular studies. The information provided is meant to assist experienced clinicians in choosing the correct biopsy technique and in interpreting dermatopathology reports, and to provide dermatology residents with a better understanding of dermatopathology. Similar to inflammatory dermatoses, the diagnosis of skin tumors, too, requires the close cooperation between clinicians and dermatopathologists. The diagnostic quality and the resultant therapeutic approach can be significantly improved if this collaboration is based on the same dermatological understanding.
The Influences of Media, Power, and Male Communication on Concession Making by Females during Negotiations
Authors: Johnson Norman A. , Cooper Randolph B. , Holowczak Richard D.
Published: August 2017

Research indicates that females' economic negotiated outcomes are generally worse than those of males. However, this research has also noted several circumstances when females' economic outcomes are at least as good as those of males. In the present study, we explore this equivocal pattern of outcomes with a focus on concessions that females make as they negotiate with males over two media, audio and instant messaging (IM). We proposed and tested a model to explain these concessions and how they are influenced by elements of the negotiation context, including the medium, resource power, and the degree that positive affect is communicated by males to females. Our predictions are based on role congruity theory. We predicted and found that females tend to have poorer economic negotiated outcomes due to greater concession making when they use an audio rather than IM media and when they have more resource power. In addition, we found that females tend to fare poorer economically with the combination of having more resource power and negotiating using audio, than would be expected based on the simple sum of the effects of resource power and using audio. Finally, we found that when females have resource power and positive affect is communicated by their male partners, females tend to fare better economically. These findings suggest choices that both females and males can make so as to enhance their economic outcomes. For example, when they can choose the negotiation medium, females should choose to negotiate over IM rather than audio, while males should choose audio rather than IM.
Progression rate of severity of aortic stenosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bois John P. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Khullar Tamanna , Achenbach Sara J. , Krause Megan L. , Mankad Rekha
Published: August 2017

Objective

Valvular heart disease is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there is uncertainty about how often to perform echocardiographic surveillance in this population. The objective of this study was to assess the progression rate of mild and moderate aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with RA.

Methods

A population‐based cohort of patients with RA and either mild (2.0–2.9 m/second) or moderate (3.0–3.9 m/second) AS was identified. Demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic data were collected. Annual progression rate of AS was then calculated for the study cohort and the impact of pertinent RA variables on progression rate determined.

Results

Sixty‐eight patients with RA and mild or moderate AS met the inclusion requirements. Peak aortic valve (AV) velocity and mean AV gradient increased during the study period, whereas AV area decreased, consistent with progression of AS (P<.001). Mean (SD) annual increase in peak AV jet velocity was 0.05 m/second (0.01) and in mean AV gradient was 1.0 mm Hg (0.18). Mean annual decrease in AV area was 0.04 (0.01) cm2. The progression rate of AS was higher in patients with increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) (P=.001).

Conclusions

The rate of AS progression in the RA population was higher in patients with increased ESR but less than that of the reported rate of AS progression in the general population. Although the cause for this finding is uncertain, these results suggest that patients with RA who have mild or moderate AS should undergo echocardiographic surveillance for disease progression similar to that of the general population.
3D transesophageal echocardiography and radiography of mitral valve prostheses and repairs
Authors: Jafar Nadia , Moses Michael J. , Benenstein Ricardo J. , Vainrib Alan F. , Slater James N. , Tran Henry A. , Donnino Robert , Williams Mathew R. , Saric Muhamed
Published: August 2017

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of 3D transesophageal echocardiography still images and movies of mechanical mitral valves, mitral bioprostheses, and mitral valve repairs. Alongside these visual descriptions, the historical overview of surgical and percutaneous mitral valve intervention is described with the special emphasis on the incremental value of 3D transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE). For each mitral valve intervention, 2D echocardiography, chest x‐ray, and fluoroscopy images corresponding to 3DTEE are given. In addition, key references on echocardiographic imaging of individual valves and procedures are enumerated in accompanying figures and tables.
Comments on Fabian Freyenhagen, Adorno's Practical Philosophy
Authors: Allen Amy
Published: August 2017

In this paper, I offer some critical comments on Fabian Freyenhagen's book, Adorno's Practical Philosophy. Although I am largely in agreement with many of his arguments about the value of Adorno's negativism for contemporary critical theory, I raise a few critical questions that are grouped around the following three headings: immanent critique, objectivism, and skepticism. My primary aim in pursuing these questions is not to haggle over fine points of Adorno interpretation but rather to consider how these three issues bear systematically on the vision for critical theory that Freyenhagen has put forward.
Procedural findings and ablation outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation referred after two or more failed catheter ablations
Authors: Mohanty Sanghamitra , Trivedi Chintan , Gianni Carola , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Morris Eli Hamilton , Burkhardt J. David , Sanchez Javier E. , Horton Rodney , Gallinghouse G. Joseph , Hongo Richard , Beheiry Salwa , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Di Biase Luigi , Natale Andrea
Published: August 2017

Introduction

This study reports the procedural findings and ablation outcome in AF patients referred after ≥2 failed PV isolation (PVI).

Methods

Three hundred and five consecutive AF patients referred after ≥2 PVI were included in the analysis. High‐dose isoproterenol challenge was used to identify PV reconnection and non‐PV triggers; the latter were ablated based on the operator's discretion during the index procedure. At the repeat procedure, non‐PV triggers were ablated in all. Empirical isolation of LA appendage (LAA) and coronary sinus (CS) was performed if the PVs were silent and no non‐PV triggers were detected.

Results

PV reconnection was detected in 226 and non‐PV triggers were identified or empirically isolated in 285 patients during the index procedure. At follow‐up, 182 (60%) patients were recurrence‐free off‐AAD; the success rate with and without non‐PV ablation was 81% vs. 8% (P < 0.0001). 104 patients underwent repeat procedure with non‐PV trigger ablation in all. At 1 year, 90% were arrhythmia free off‐AAD in non‐PV ablation group, and 72% who did not receive non‐PV triggers ablation at the index procedure (P = 0.035). The success rate of empirical LAA and CS isolation was 78.5% and 82% after the index and repeat procedure, respectively.

Conclusion

In patients experiencing AF recurrence after multiple failed PVI, despite PV reconnection, non‐PV triggers were found to be responsible for AF maintenance in the majority and ablating those triggers increased ablation success. Additionally, in the presence of permanent PVI and no non‐PV triggers on isoproterenol, empirical isolation of LAA and CS provided high rate of arrhythmia‐free survival.
Telocytes play a key role in prostate tissue organisation during the gland morphogenesis
Authors: Sanches Bruno D. A. , Maldarine Juliana S. , Zani Bruno C. , Tamarindo Guilherme H. , Biancardi Manoel F. , Santos Fernanda C. A. , Rahal Paula , Góes Rejane M. , Felisbino Sérgio L. , Vilamaior Patricia S. L. , Taboga Sebastião R.
Published: August 2017

Telocytes are CD34‐positive interstitial cells, known to exert several functions, one of which is a role in tissue organisation, previously demonstrated by telocytes in the myocardium. The existence of telocytes in the prostate has recently been reported, however, there is a lack of information regarding the function of these cells in prostate tissue, and information regarding the possible role of these cells in prostatic development. This study used immunofluorescence techniques in prostate tissue and prostatic telocytes in culture to determine the relationship between telocytes and prostate morphogenesis. Furthermore, immunofluorescent labelling of telocytes was performed on prostate tissue at different stages of early postnatal development. Initially, CD34‐positive cells are found at the periphery of the developing alveoli, later in the same region, c‐kit‐positive cells and cells positive for both factors are verified and CD34‐positive cells were predominantly observed in the interalveolar stroma and the region surrounding the periductal smooth muscle. Fluorescence assays also demonstrated that telocytes secrete TGF‐β1 and are ER‐Beta (ERβ) positive. The results suggest that telocytes play a changing role during development, initially supporting the differentiation of periductal and perialveolar smooth muscle, and later, producing dense networks that separate alveoli groups and form a barrier between the interalveolar region and periurethral smooth muscle. We conclude that telocytes play a relevant role in prostate tissue organisation during postnatal development.
Synergistic effect of sodium hypochlorite and ultrasound bath in the decontamination of fresh arugulas
Authors: Francisco Crislaine Aparecida Inocêncio , Araújo Naves Emiliane Andrade , Ferreira Deusmaque Carneiro , Rosário Denes Kaic Alves Do , Cunha Márcio Ferraz , Bernardes Patrícia Campos
Published: August 2017

Sanitization is a critical step for the reduction of microbial contaminants in fruits and vegetables in an effort to lessen the occurrence of foodborne diseases. The efficiency of different chemical compounds, either individually or combined with ultrasound treatment, in decontaminating fresh arugulas was evaluated here. The main physicochemical properties and the natural microbiota of arugulas were evaluated after sanitization for 5 min at 25 °C. The synergistic effect of ultrasound and sodium hypochlorite led to the best outcome. Ultrasound treatment improved the bactericidal effect of sodium hypochlorite (100 mg/L), leading to a reduction of 1.46 log cycles in relation to the non‐sanitized samples, whereas sodium hypochlorite itself provided a 0.85 log cycle reduction. This synergism is due to the ability of ultrasound‐induced cavitation to form oxidizing free radicals (e.g., ·OH and ·Cl), in addition to its mechanical energy input that facilitates the permeation of hypochlorous acid molecules into microbial cells. It is noteworthy that this mechanical action also favors the removal of microbial biofilms and cell disintegration. The residual chlorine content was lower than that recommended by the current legislation for public water supply. The combined action did not significantly alter the physicochemical and colorimetric properties of the arugulas. Therefore, this sanitization protocol denotes a promising alternative for the decontamination of fruits and vegetables in the food industry and in food processing facilities.

Practical applications

Currently, there has been an increase in the demand for fresh food as well as an increase in the number of food outbreaks involving these products. In this context, to reduce microbial contamination, this research presents an alternative sanitization method that can be easily used in food processing units for decontamination of vegetables, increasing the microbiological safety of the final product to the consumer.
Effects of natural antimicrobials with modified atmosphere packaging on the growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes in ravioli at various temperatures
Authors: Ro Eun Young , Kim Geun Su , Kwon Do Young , Park Young Min , Cho Sang Woo , Lee Sang Yun , Yeo Ik Hyun , Yoon Ki Sun
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of cultured sugar/vinegar (CSV) blend and nisin to control the risk of Listeria monocytogenes in ready to cook (RTC) ravioli. Ravioli dough was prepared with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1% CSV blend and 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% nisin. Inoculated spinach or artichoke raviolis with 2.0 ± 0.5 log cfu/g of L. monocytogenes were packed aerobically or using modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), and then stored at 4, 10, 17, and 24 °C for 60 days. Growth kinetic parameters of the observed data fit well to the Baranyi equation. Ravioli with spinach filling materials yielded a higher risk than that with artichoke. L. monocytogenes was able to survive in ravioli with artichoke, but did not grow. The addition of 1% CSV blend or 0.3% nisin in spinach ravioli with the combination of MAP effectively controlled the growth of L. monocytogenes at the temperature below 10 °C. The organoleptic quality of spinach ravioli was not also affected by the application of 1% CSV blend. Therefore, the CSV blend can be recommended to improve the microbial safety and quality of natural RTC ravioli at retail market.

Practical applications

The risk of ravioli was affected by the filling materials of ravioli at retail market. Addition of 1% cultured sugar/vinegar blend in dough substantially contributes to the extension of shelf‐life of MAP spinach raviolis. classification and regression tree analysis results indicate that refrigeration temperature is the main control factor to affect lag time and growth rate, while packaging method is critical for maximum population density.
Option pricing in the moderate deviations regime
Authors: Friz Peter , Gerhold Stefan , Pinter Arpad
Published: August 2017

We consider call option prices close to expiry in diffusion models, in an asymptotic regime (“moderately out of the money”) that interpolates between the well‐studied cases of at‐the‐money and out‐of‐the‐money regimes. First and higher order small‐time moderate deviation estimates of call prices and implied volatilities are obtained. The expansions involve only simple expressions of the model parameters, and we show how to calculate them for generic local and stochastic volatility models. Some numerical computations for the Heston model illustrate the accuracy of our results.
Reclassification of Hart and Northwest Africa 6047: Criteria for distinguishing between CV and CK3 chondrites
Authors: Dunn Tasha L. , Gross Juliane
Published: August 2017

The single parent body model for the CV and CK chondrites (Greenwood et al. ) was challenged by Dunn et al. (), who argued that magnetite compositions could not be reconciled by a single metamorphic sequence (i.e., CV3 → CK3 → CK4–6). Cr isotopic compositions, which are distinguishable between the CV and CK chondrites, also support two different parent bodies (Yin et al. ). Despite this, there are many petrographic and mineralogical similarities between the unequilibrated (petrologic type 3) CK chondrites and the CV chondrites (also type 3), which may result in misclassification of samples. Hart and Northwest Africa 6047 (NWA 6047) are an excellent example of this. In this study, we revisit the classification of Hart and NWA 6047 using magnetite compositions, petrography, and compositions of olivine, the most ubiquitous mineral in both CV and CK chondrites. Not only do our results suggest that NWA 6047 and Hart were misclassified, but our assessment of CV and CK3 chondrites has also led to the development of criteria that can be used to distinguish between CV and CK3 chondrites. These criteria include: abundances of Cr2O3, TiO2, NiO, and Al2O3 in magnetite; Fa content and NiO abundance of matrix olivine; FeO content of chondrules; and the chondrule:matrix ratio. Classification as a CV chondrite is also supported by the presence of igneous chondrule rims, calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions, and an elongated petrofabric. However, none of these petrographic characteristics can be used conclusively to distinguish between CV and CK3 chondrites.
A Complex Legacy: Louis Bouyer and the Metaphysics of the Reformation
Authors: Aspray Silvianne
Published: August 2017

Based on a discussion of Louis Bouyer's thesis about the metaphysics of the Reformation in The Spirit and Forms of Protestantism, this essay considers the methodological and hermeneutical issues involved in enquiring into the metaphysical commitments of Reformation theology. A case study of the theology of the Reformer Peter Martyr Vermigli is employed for the argument that Reformation metaphysics was a hybrid of elements pertaining both to a nominalist and a participatory ontology. This argument is then taken further by a reflection on the history of reception of the metaphysical complexity which is at the heart of the Reformation legacy.
Implicit Bias, Moods, and Moral Responsibility
Authors: Madva Alex
Published: August 2017

Are individuals morally responsible for their implicit biases? One reason to think not is that implicit biases are often advertised as unconscious, ‘introspectively inaccessible’ attitudes. However, recent empirical evidence consistently suggests that individuals are aware of their implicit biases, although often in partial and inarticulate ways. Here I explore the implications of this evidence of partial awareness for individuals' moral responsibility. First, I argue that responsibility comes in degrees. Second, I argue that individuals' partial awareness of their implicit biases makes them (partially) morally responsible for them. I argue by analogy to a close relative of implicit bias: moods.
Moves and Countermoves: Countermovement Diffusion of State Constitutional Amendments
Authors: Fay Daniel L.
Published: August 2017

Policy diffusion literature generally studies the adoption of similar policies across jurisdictions, but often overlooks how opposing policies or legal constraints may influence the enactment of rigid state constitutional amendments. The current study models the spread of state constitutional amendments designed to prevent future policy change. Using conditional event history analysis on all states from 1999 to 2011 the empirical models analyze the spread of same‐sex marriage prohibitive amendments across the United States. Findings suggest that the nearby adoption of opposing policies encourage state legislatures to introduce prohibitive amendments. The regional diffusion effect suggests that policymakers “protect” their jurisdiction from nearby diffusion forces or seek electoral gains by symbolic protection by committing an already existing policy into the rigid state constitutional framework. Regional policy diffusion may, therefore, be explained by a countermovement mechanism unique to the state constitutional amendment process. This protective strategy among state legislatures and citizens may explain why many policy areas are frequently codified in state constitutions.
Northern tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) and tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) interactions in the Colorado River basin
Authors: Nagler Pamela L. , Nguyen Uyen , Bateman Heather L. , Jarchow Christopher J. , Glenn Edward P. , Waugh William J. , van Riper Charles
Published: August 2017

Northern tamarisk beetles (Diorhabda carinulata) were released in the Upper Colorado River Basin in the United States in 2004–2007 to defoliate introduced tamarisk shrubs (Tamarix spp.) in the region's riparian zones. The primary purpose was to control the invasive shrub and reduce evapotranspiration (ET) by tamarisk in an attempt to increase stream flows. We evaluated beetle–tamarisk interactions with MODIS and Landsat imagery on 13 river systems, with vegetation indices used as indicators of the extent of defoliation and ET. Beetles are widespread and exhibit a pattern of colonize–defoliate–emigrate, so that riparian zones contain a mosaic of completely defoliated, partially defoliated, and refoliated tamarisk stands. Based on satellite data and ET algorithms, mean ET before beetle release (2000–2006) was 416 mm/year compared to postrelease (2007–2015) ET of 355 mm/year (p < 0.05) for a net reduction of 61 mm/year. This is lower than initial literature projections that ET would be reduced by 300–460 mm/year. Reasons for the lower‐than‐expected ET reductions are because baseline ET rates are lower than initially projected, and percentage ET reduction is low because tamarisk stands tend to regrow new leaves after defoliation and other plants help maintain canopy cover. Overall reductions in tamarisk green foliage during the study are 21%. However, ET in the Upper Basin has shown a steady decline since 2007 and equilibrium has not yet been reached. Defoliation is now proceeding from the Upper Basin into the Lower Basin at a rate of 40 km/year, much faster than initially projected.
Geochronological and Geochemical Constraints on the Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Setting of the Daheishan Porphyry Mo Deposit, Northeast China
Authors: Zheng Wei , Yu Xiao‐Fei
Published: August 2017

The Daheishan Mo deposit of the Lesser Xing'an–Zhangguangcai Range metallogenic belt in northeast China is a super‐large molybdenum deposit with Mo reserves of 1.09 Mt. The Mo mineralization occurs mainly in a granodiorite porphyry. Zircon SIMS U–Pb dating yields a crystallization age of 168.3 ± 1.4 Ma for the granodiorite porphyry. Molybdenite Re–Os dating indicates that Mo mineralization occurred at 169.2 ± 1.2 Ma. These geochronological data indicate that these magmatic and hydrothermal activities occurred during the Middle Jurassic. The granodiorite porphyry can be classified as high‐K calc‐alkaline series, and the rare earth elements (REE) are characterized by a significant fractionation between light REE (LREE) and heavy REE (HREE) with slightly positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 1.08–1.12). Large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, U, K, and Pb) are enriched, whereas high field strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti, HREEs, and Yb) are strongly depleted. The granodiorite porphyry is also characterized by initial strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr)i of 0.70460–0.70482 and magmatic zircon δ18O values of 5.2–6.5 ‰ that are similar to those of the mantle. Zircon ɛHf(t) and whole‐rock εNd(t) values range from 5.6 to 9.9 and 0.8 to 1.1, respectively. The two‐stage Nd model ages (TDM2) are in the range of 868–894 Ma, similar to Hf model ages, indicating that the parent magma has a uniform source and primarily originated from a juvenile crustal source. Combined with the regional geological history, geochemistry of the Daheishan granodiorite porphyry, and new isotopic age data, we propose that the formation of the Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit is likely related to the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate.
The Effects of Local Government Consolidation on Turnout: Evidence from a Quasi‐Experiment in Switzerland
Authors: Koch Philippe , Rochat Philippe E.
Published: August 2017

In the last decades, municipal mergers have been one major element of local government reforms in Switzerland and beyond. In this article, we describe and analyze the political effects of this development. We use a quasi‐experimental setting to test the impact of municipal mergers on electoral participation. We find that in merged municipalities, the decrease in turnout is significantly stronger than in non‐merged municipalities. Further, the effect is more pronounced in relatively small localities. There is a temporal dimension to this effect—that is, turnout drops mainly in the first election after the first merger, but not so much after the second or third merger. Hence, the study provides a skeptical yet differentiated perspective on the democratic consequences of municipal mergers and points to further research avenues to develop a more comprehensive understanding of local government consolidation.
An international investigation into O red blood cell unit administration in hospitals: the GRoup O Utilization Patterns (GROUP) study
Authors: Zeller Michelle P. , Barty Rebecca , Aandahl Astrid , Apelseth Torunn O. , Callum Jeannie , Dunbar Nancy M. , Elahie Allahna , Garritsen Henk , Hancock Helen , Kutner José Mauro , Manukian Belinda , Mizuta Shuichi , Okuda Makoto , Pagano Monica B. , Pogłód Ryszard , Rushford Kylie , Selleng Kathleen , Sørensen Claess Henning , Sprogøe Ulrik , Staves Julie , Weiland Thorsten , Wendel Silvano , Wood Erica M. , van de Watering Leo , van Wordragen‐Vlaswinkel Maria , Ziman Alyssa , Jan Zwaginga Jaap , Murphy Michael F. , Heddle Nancy M. , Yazer Mark H. ,   Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

Transfusion of group O blood to non‐O recipients, or transfusion of D– blood to D+ recipients, can result in shortages of group O or D– blood, respectively. This study investigated RBC utilization patterns at hospitals around the world and explored the context and policies that guide ABO blood group and D type selection practices.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a retrospective study on transfusion data from the 2013 calendar year. This study included a survey component that asked about hospital RBC selection and transfusion practices and a data collection component where participants submitted information on RBC unit disposition including blood group and D type of unit and recipient. Units administered to recipients of unknown ABO or D group were excluded.

RESULTS

Thirty‐eight hospitals in 11 countries responded to the survey, 30 of which provided specific RBC unit disposition data. Overall, 11.1% (21,235/191,397) of group O units were transfused to non‐O recipients; 22.6% (8777/38,911) of group O D– RBC units were transfused to O D+ recipients, and 43.2% (16,800/38,911) of group O D– RBC units were transfused to recipients that were not group O D–. Disposition of units and hospital transfusion policy varied within and across hospitals of different sizes, with transfusion of group O D– units to non‐group O D– patients ranging from 0% to 33%.

CONCLUSION

A significant proportion of group O and D– RBC units were transfused to compatible, nonidentical recipients, although the frequency of this practice varied across sites.
Characterization of a low expression haplotype in canine glutathione S‐transferase (GSTT1) and its prevalence in golden retrievers
Authors: Craft S. , Ekena J. , Mayer B. , Thamm D. H. , Saba C. , Chun R. , Trepanier L. A.
Published: August 2017

Glutathione S‐transferase‐theta (GSTT1) is a carcinogen detoxification enzyme, and low activity variants are associated with lymphoma in humans. We recently found a variant in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of canine GSTT1, *101_102insT, which was predicted to change miRNA binding and was found in 5 of 17 golden retriever (GR) dogs with lymphoma but none of 14 healthy GRs. The aim of this study was to determine whether this variant led to decreased GSTT1 expression and was a discernible risk factor for lymphoma within the GR breed. On resequencing, *101_102insT appeared to be in complete linkage disequilibrium with 3 additional 3′UTR variants, leading to the inferred haplotype *3T>C; *101_102insT; *190C>A; *203T>C. In canine livers that were heterozygous for this variant haplotype, GSTT1 protein expression was significantly lower compared to the reference haplotype (densitometry .40 vs .64, P = .022), and GSTT1 transcript levels by qPCR were also significantly lower (fold difference .52, P = .012), without evidence of substantial allelic expression imbalance. The variant haplotype led to >50% decrease in expression in vitro (.31 ± .07 vs .64 ± .19; P = .019). We found no significant difference in minor allele frequencies between 71 GR dogs with lymphoma (MAF .162) and 33 healthy age‐matched controls (MAF .136, P = .69). Our results indicate that the variant GSTT1 3′UTR haplotype containing *101_102insT reduces gene expression, which could lead to impaired carcinogen detoxification, but was not a detectable risk factor for lymphoma in GR dogs.
Disabled Friendly Facility between Feasibility and Legality
Authors: Baghdadi Ibrahim Z. , Fahes Mohammad , Ramadan Muhieddine Z.
Published: August 2017

Most hotels in Lebanon, built before 2011, do not provide access to disabled persons in light of 220/2000 law. This is due to: 1/ a misconception that a Disabled Friendly Facility (DFF) would be on behalf of hotel guests’ satisfaction and consequently, would reduce hotel’s popularity and revenue; 2/ a fear that the unforeseen demand for DFFs will be offset by expenses and, in best-case scenarios, would not generate enough profits to pay back initial investments. In brief, hotel-business investors are not sure about the convenience of a DFF and about the number of DFFs to provide in light of 7194/2011law. The objective of this paper is, on the first hand, to demonstrate the financial feasibility and the economic convenience of a DFF and, on the other hand, to test its impact on the satisfaction of hotel guests. In other terms, on the popularity of the hotel.
Examining the Teachers' Emotional Labor Behavior
Authors: Tösten Rasim , Şahin Çiğdem Çelik
Published: August 2017

The aim of this research is to investigate the teachers’ emotional labour behaviours and to determine the reasons of the differences. In the research, mixed research methods including both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used. The population of the study was comprised of 280 teachers (266 for quantitative, 14 for qualitative dimensions) who work in Siirt city center. Because of the difficulties to reach the target population, time limitations and the cost over run, representative sampling was preferred. In order to investigate the teachers’ emotional labour behaviors, “Emotional Labour Behaviors Scale” which was adapted by Kaya (2009) was administered to the teachers in the study. This scale was adapted for educational field. For the quantitative dimension of the research, 266 scales were analysed by using percentage, means, frequency and standard deviation for descriptive statistical techniques. T-test, ANOVA tests were used for the differences among the variables. As a result of the research, findings indicated that there were significant differences in the teachers’ emotional labour behavior scores. The significant differences were found in the scores of the number of teachers, the working time at schools, the type of graduated faculty, and the type of the school. The questions related to the qualitative dimension of the research were asked to the teachers with different branches and gathered data were analysed using content analysis technique. According to the participant teachers opinions, the reasons for the significant differences of emotional labour behavior scores are different occupational definitions, being ready for the teaching profession, exhibiting more efforts and interest, more close relationships, and the negative effects of staying much more at school on the teachers. The participant teachers expressed their solutions as solving the teachers’ time and place problems, constituting more imteractive relationships among students and colleagues and preparing effective working schedule.
Investigation of Sports Educated University Student’s Empathy Level
Authors: Altungul Oguzhan , Nacar Eyup
Published: August 2017

Empathy is one of the cases which is necessary for people to live together. Because the first rule of establishing good relations with the close environment, it requires to understand what they're feeling in their good or bad moments and it needs to act accordingly.The aim of this study is to investigate the empathy level of university students in terms of different variables and to understand if there are significant differences between them.The scope of this research, test group is 150 university students from Fırat University Faculty of Sports Sciences in different departments in 2015-2016 academic years.To determining empathic tendency level of Faculty of Sports Sciences students, a survey was applied which is consisting two parts. In the first part of the survey, there are five questions to the demographics of the Faculty of Sport Sciences students participating in the research. In the second part of the survey “Empathic Education Scale” “EES” by (Dökmen) 1988 was used. Obtained data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 package program, significant level was accepted as 0.05.As a result; It was determined that the empathic tendencies of university students receiving sports education are high. However, the empathic tendencies of the research group also resulted in the absence of any effects of gender, age, department, parental education levels.
Effects of respiratory muscle work on respiratory and locomotor blood flow during exercise
Authors: Dominelli Paolo B. , Archiza Bruno , Ramsook Andrew H. , Mitchell Reid A. , Peters Carli M. , Molgat‐Seon Yannick , Henderson William R. , Koehle Michael S. , Boushel Robert , Sheel A. William
Published: August 2017

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Does manipulation of the work of breathing during high‐intensity exercise alter respiratory and locomotor muscle blood flow?

What is the main finding and its importance?

We found that when the work of breathing was reduced during exercise, respiratory muscle blood flow decreased, while locomotor muscle blood flow increased. Conversely, when the work of breathing was increased, respiratory muscle blood flow increased, while locomotor muscle blood flow decreased. Our findings support the theory of a competitive relationship between locomotor and respiratory muscles during intense exercise.

Manipulation of the work of breathing (WOB) during near‐maximal exercise influences leg blood flow, but the effects on respiratory muscle blood flow are equivocal. We sought to assess leg and respiratory muscle blood flow simultaneously during intense exercise while manipulating WOB. Our hypotheses were as follows: (i) increasing the WOB would increase respiratory muscle blood flow and decrease leg blood flow; and (ii) decreasing the WOB would decrease respiratory muscle blood flow and increase leg blood flow. Eight healthy subjects (n = 5 men, n = 3 women) performed a maximal cycle test (day 1) and a series of constant‐load exercise trials at 90% of peak work rate (day 2). On day 2, WOB was assessed with oesophageal balloon catheters and was increased (via resistors), decreased (via proportional assist ventilation) or unchanged (control) during the trials. Blood flow was assessed using near‐infrared spectroscopy optodes placed over quadriceps and the sternocleidomastoid muscles, coupled with a venous Indocyanine Green dye injection. Changes in WOB were significantly and positively related to changes in respiratory muscle blood flow (r = 0.73), whereby increasing the WOB increased blood flow. Conversely, changes in WOB were significantly and inversely related to changes in locomotor blood flow (r = 0.57), whereby decreasing the WOB increased locomotor blood flow. Oxygen uptake was not different during the control and resistor trials (3.8 ± 0.9 versus 3.7 ± 0.8 l min−1, P > 0.05), but was lower on the proportional assist ventilator trial (3.4 ± 0.7 l min−1, P < 0.05) compared with control. Our findings support the concept that respiratory muscle work significantly influences the distribution of blood flow to both respiratory and locomotor muscles.
Dynamics of Slightly Curved Pipe Conveying Hot Pressurized Fluid Resting on Linear and Nonlinear Viscoelastic Foundations
Authors: Owoseni O. D. , Orolu K. O. , Oyediran A. A.
Published: August 2017

One of the most important facilities in the oil and gas industry is the pipeline. These pipelines convey high pressure with high temperature (HPHT) fluids and transit several kilometers traveling through different seafloor soils. The topography of seabed which acts as viscoelastic foundation to the pipeline is rough and irregular, thereby making the pipelines to be slightly curved. This erratic behavior of these soils presents several problems to the constructor and threatens the lifespan of the pipeline. The nonlinear governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were derived and solved using energy and eigenfunction expansion methods, respectively. The resultant ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were truncated after the fourth mode and solved numerically using eighth-seventh order Runge–Kutta code in matlab. Two types of foundations were investigated: both with viscous damping but one was with linear spring, while the other was with nonlinear spring. Bifurcation and orbit diagrams with their corresponding phase portraits that show periodic and chaotic motions of the system trajectories are generated and presented. It was examined that foundation, initial curvature, and tension could stiffen the pipe, while pressure and temperature did the rule of softening. Nonlinear stiffness made the pipe to undergo chaotic oscillation which was absent in the linear case, meaning that linear foundations could enhance the life span of pipelines than the nonlinear ones.
Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Analysis of a Darrieus Wind Turbine Blade Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Lifting Line Theory
Authors: Balduzzi Francesco , Marten David , Bianchini Alessandro , Drofelnik Jernej , Ferrari Lorenzo , Campobasso Michele Sergio , Pechlivanoglou Georgios , Nayeri Christian Navid , Ferrara Giovanni , Paschereit Christian Oliver
Published: August 2017

Due to the rapid progress in high-performance computing and the availability of increasingly large computational resources, Navier–Stokes (NS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) now offers a cost-effective, versatile, and accurate means to improve the understanding of the unsteady aerodynamics of Darrieus wind turbines and deliver more efficient designs. In particular, the possibility of determining a fully resolved flow field past the blades by means of CFD offers the opportunity to both further understand the physics underlying the turbine fluid dynamics and to use this knowledge to validate lower-order models, which can have a wider diffusion in the wind energy sector, particularly for industrial use, in the light of their lower computational burden. In this context, highly spatially and temporally refined time-dependent three-dimensional (3D) NS simulations were carried out using more than 16,000 processor cores per simulation on an IBM BG/Q cluster in order to investigate thoroughly the 3D unsteady aerodynamics of a single blade in Darrieus-like motion. Particular attention was paid to tip losses, dynamic stall, and blade/wake interaction. CFD results are compared with those obtained with an open-source code based on the lifting line free vortex wake model (LLFVW). At present, this approach is the most refined method among the “lower-fidelity” models, and as the wake is explicitly resolved in contrast to blade element momentum (BEM)-based methods, LLFVW analyses provide 3D flow solutions. Extended comparisons between the two approaches are presented and a critical analysis is carried out to identify the benefits and drawbacks of the two approaches.