bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The responses to artificial intelligence in teacher integrated science learning training program
Authors: Gunawan K D H , Liliasari  , Kaniawati I , Setiawan W
Published: November 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) in education is the current development that provides solutions to problems in various contexts and levels. The use of AI in science teacher training programs is something that rarely done, especially in integrated science learning. The purpose of this study was to mapping the competencies of science teachers after receive pedagogical suggestions based on AI. This activity was attended by 20 science teachers in West Java who are members of the teacher training program. The competency patterns of science teachers were analyzed descriptively qualitatively in order to see the combination of knowledge between AI and natural knowledge of science teachers. The results show some teachers made innovative integrated science learning and teachers were able to follow, modify, or ignore pedagogical suggestions. These results also provide a field evaluation of the development of an integrated science learning program assisted by AI.
Analysis of the need to development an assessment integrated with STEM literacy
Authors: Arifin Z , Sukarmin S , Sarwanto S , Sani D M
Published: November 2021

Facing the challenges in the 21st century and entering the 5.0 society era, education plays a major role in preparing quality students, students are required to have the competence to think creatively in dealing with various problems. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) literacy is a new approach developed to support learning in the 21st century. This article aims to explore the perceptions of physics teachers in the development of an integrated assessment instrument with STEM Literacy. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with purposive sampling technique. The main respondents of this study were five high school physics teachers. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through the thematic analysis approach. The main finding of this study is that teachers have different understandings of the STEM concept in learning. Teachers do not have experience in developing between assessment and STEM Literacy. Teachers are interested in developing assessments that are integrated with STEM Literacy.
The effect of discharge and water level on the electric voltage generated by the watermill
Authors: Rusydi H A , Hasanah I N A , Yudi M P , Sarah  , Sumarna O , Riza L S
Published: November 2021

Potential energy is stored in water (in falling water) and kinetic energy (in flowing water) so that many studies have used water as alternative energy. This research was conducted to investigate the electric voltage generated by the waterwheel with different water flows and water levels. How to make a waterwheel are: (1) Prepare tools such as a plastic wheel, dynamo type (5V), cables, and lamps. (2) Connect the end of the plastic wheel to the end of the rotating dynamo. (3) Connect the cables to both ends of the dynamo. (4) Connect the two free ends of the cable to the lamp. (5) Test the waterwheel on running water and connect the cable to the multi-tester if you want to measure the voltage and current. The method used in this research is a demonstration experiment. The results of the study indicate that the electric voltage caused by the rotation of the wheel by running water can turn on the light. The greater the flow of water that flows, the greater the voltage generated and the lights get brighter. Furthermore, the experiments in this study can be used for the science learning process to students.
Partially linear model estimation for missing response data
Authors: Salam N
Published: November 2021

This paper will discuss the estimation of a partially linear (semiparametric) model with missing responses using the normal approach. An estimator class is defined which includes special cases, namely the partially linear imputation estimator, the marginal mean estimator and the trend score weighted estimator. The estimator class is asymptotically normal. The three special estimators have the same asymptotic variance. Based on the above conditions, the mean F will be estimated, say θ. The three special estimators above will be used to estimate the mean F, namely in the form of point estimates and confidence intervals with some missing responses using the normal approach method.
Application of the clarke-wright algorithm in determining tsunami disaster evacuation route in Purworejo district
Authors: Ijanatun A , Rosyida I
Published: November 2021

The potentials for tsunami in Indonesia are spread over many areas, one of which is Purworejo. Purworejo has a high tsunami potential because it is located on the Indo-Australian plate. In Central Java, Purworejo occupies the 3rd position in the tsunami-prone area. Therefore, a route is needed to evacuate the population to mitigate the tsunami. This research focuses on two sub-districts, namely Ngombol and Purwodadi. The problems in this paper are: (1) Which points can be used as evacuation sites (2) How to model tsunami evacuation routes with graphs (3) What are the optimal evacuation routes. The method used to find the evacuation route is the VRP with time window. The algorithm used is Clarke Wright algorithm. The optimal evacuation route is obtained if all points are evacuated with minimal time and distance. From nine final evacuation points, only 4 points that fulfill criteria for the shortest distance and can be accessed by vehicles. There are eight final routes with minimum time of 42 minutes. Each of depots B3 and C2 has 3 routes. Whereas each of depots C4 and C5 has 1 route.
Design of a perfect and multi-resonant metamaterial absorber for electromagnetic energy harvesting applications
Authors: Umaña-Idarraga F , Cataño-Ochoa D , Montoya-Villada S , Valencia-Balvin C , Reyes-Vera E
Published: November 2021

In this work, a perfect absorber based on a split ring resonator structure is proposed and numerically analyzed. The software CST STUDIO was employed to carry out the numerical analysis and the optimization of the proposed structure. The electromagnetic properties of the proposed metamaterial cell were analyzed in the first phase of this study demonstrating that such structure resonates at 2.4 GHz and 4.2 GHz simultaneously. In fact, this structure has negative permittivity and permeability in these two bands. The optimization process has led us to obtain a compact resonator, which has a total size of 15 mm × 15 mm. Subsequently, the capacity of this structure as an absorber of electromagnetic energy is analyzed. The obtained results reveal that this structure has absorption efficiencies of 98.2% and 99.7% for the first and second bands respectively. Also, other characteristic parameters were evaluated. This shows that the proposed structure has a high electrical performance and can be used for the collection of electromagnetic energy, which can be used to power wireless sensor networks.
Analysis of heat fluxes in ceramic block type building pieces
Authors: Narváez-Ortega M S , Sánchez-Molina J , Sánchez-Zúñiga J V
Published: November 2021

In Norte de Santander, Colombia, there is a ceramic cluster made up of 59 companies dedicated to the production of construction materials derived from clay, a vernacular material with a wide extraction potential in the region. Fired clay products in different hollow block presentations represent 15% of industrial production, these construction pieces are low cost and show a high demand in the local masonry market, therefore, their thermo-physical characteristics largely build the thermal envelope of “Cucuteña”. This research comparatively evaluates the thermal behavior of four types of ceramic blocks with different perforations, applying the finite element method in thermal simulations that consider a conductivity of 0.407 W/m°C in the ceramic to establish the influence of the shape on the temperature distribution and heat flow profiles of each piece subjected to environmental conditions of a warm semi-arid climate, with average maximum temperatures of 33 °C and an average maximum solar radiation of 796.8 Wh/m2 under extreme climatic conditions in the city of San Jose de Cúcuta, Colombia. The results of the study allow identifying the ceramic block of 6 rectangular holes as the product that, due to its physical characteristics, presents a better alternative to be applied in constructions that seek thermal efficiency.
Fatigue in asphalt mixtures – a summary to understand the complexity of its mathematical modeling
Authors: Rondón-Quintana H A , Reyes-Lizcano F A , Zafra-Mejía C A
Published: November 2021

Based on the reviewed literature in relation to the phenomenon of fatigue in asphalt mixtures, the foregoing paper depicts and describes in summary, the main variables that impact in the generation of said phenomenon in asphalt pavements. This has the purpose of showing its complexity to mathematically model it. As a general conclusion obtained in the study, it was found that the calibration difficulty of the models is mainly since the mathematical equations must be in capacity of considering that fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures depends on load mode (stress-controlled or strain- controlled), the type of load (haversine or sinusoidal) and the rest periods to which laboratory samples are subjected. Additionally, both in situ, as within the laboratory, this varies with stiffness, volumetric composition (type and content of asphalt and aggregate), the geometry of samples, with effects associated to mix durability and environmental conditions, with the type of test, border conditions and support layers (base, subbase, subgrade). If these physical parameters are not considered, the mathematical equations lose reliability.
Implications of physical and chemical changes in volcanic ash soils related to road construction
Authors: Vásquez-Varela L R , Mendoza C
Published: November 2021

Soils derived from weathered pyroclastic material in a humid tropical environment, known as volcanic ash soils, cover a low portion of the Earth’s surface. However, its unique characteristics, such as high porosity, low unit weight, high water content, and susceptibility to change in properties by drying and remolding, justify its study due to the impact of these characteristics in the construction of embankments and road subgrades, particularly on the compaction characteristics. The urban settlements located in the tropical zone, close to areas of volcanic activity, develop their road infrastructure on this type of soil. Under laboratory conditions, these soils’ chemical and physical changes, particularly on the particle arrangement or fabric, create a gap between their expected and actual behavior at the construction site. This article presents some problems in road construction related to these unique features and how to deal with them on the construction site, applying conventional classification and compaction tests in the lab and construction site. The particularities of the soils in these conditions are explained using unconventional tests to assess the microscopic effects of compaction on the soil fabric.
Scientific insights of electrochemical replacement approach to describe the origin of Pre-Columbian Peruvian gilded copper-based objects
Authors: Alviz-Meza A , Chipoco Haro D A , Velarde M I
Published: November 2021

Pre-Columbian Peruvian goldsmiths developed gilded copper-based objects by ancient techniques that require identification to propose conservation strategies. Lechtman H, conducted experiments to suggest that the electrochemical replacement was the gilding technique used by the Moche and Vicus cultural groups. Despite her remarkable achievement, the quantitative data provided by her is still open to discussion. This work focused on obtaining experimental data to recreate her protocol by introducing less gold precursor. Polished copper pieces were plated with an adherent gold film of up to 7.5 µm after immersing them into an electrolytic solution for 3 min and 6 min at 80 °C. Our results demonstrated that the electrochemical replacement technique gives rise to anodic regions in the plated objects. Further studies around the corrosion process that undergoes these heritage objects in burial and environmental conditions are suggested to determine their deterioration rate. Moreover, electroless and galvanic techniques should be explored in order to improve current approaches.
Farmers’ institutional transformation in the shallot area of Malang District, Indonesia
Authors: Saptana  , Susilowati G , Ar-Rozi A M , Sativa M
Published: November 2021

The main problem in developing the shallot area in Malang District is the weak institutional consolidation of farmers. This article aims to formulate a strategy for the transformation of existing farmer institutions towards the institutionalization of farmer corporations in the shallot area. The research method was carried out with a case study approach through in-depth interviews with eight units of farmer group management, four farmer group associations, and one cooperative institution in two sample subdistricts, namely Ngantang and Pujon, in Malang District, East Java Province. The research was conducted in July 2019. The results showed that the institutional performance of the farmer group association was at a moderate level measured by the role and business activities, while the cooperative was at a less developed level in encouraging the development of competitive and sustainable shallot agribusiness areas. The institutional performance of farmer group associations and cooperatives has shown that they are starting to work, but the working mechanism is not yet effective. The strategy for the institutional transformation of association and cooperatives towards farmer corporations can be carried out by adding new structures to follow an integrated agribusiness, expanding the objectives to be achieved, adding new business activities, and strengthening horizontal and vertical through integrated agribusiness partnerships.
The efficiency of duck rice integrated system for sustainable farming
Authors: Vipriyanti N U , P Lyulianti S , Puspawati D A , Handayani M E , Tariningsih D , Malung Y U
Published: November 2021

Duck rice integrated system is one of the innovations that can be applied by farmers to increase the efficiency and sustainability of land use in rice field. Research on the effect of ducks in cultivation and rice fields has been carried out but has not examined the effect of production factors and the efficiency of using these production factors in ducks rice integrated system. This study aimed to analyze the production function and efficiency of production factors in implementation of duck rice integrated system (STIP). All farmers who implemented an integrated system in Subak Lanyah, Bongan Village, Tabanan District were selected as respondent (100%) and compare with 13 farmers who not implemented it choosen by stratified random sampling. Data analysis used the cobb-douglass production function to determine the influencing factors and the efficiency of the production factors. The results showed that 1) Implementation of duck rice integrated system on paddy field in Subak Lanyah, Tabanan gave a significant effect on rice production together with an organic fertilizer use (urea and ponska). Farmers who apply duck rice integrated system tend to use fewer input factor. 2) The use of input factors such as paddy field, an organic fertilizer (urea and ponska), pesticides in farming are not efficient yet, while labor is not efficient. The total value of the regression coefficient of all production factors is equal to 1.029 indicated that the ducks rice were at increasing returns to scale. Therefore, integrated rice farming with ducks is feasible to develop.
Farmers’ perceptions and issue of Kredit Usaha Rakyat in Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan E , Ilham N , Syukur M , Pasaribu S M , Suhartini S H
Published: November 2021

The scheme of People’s Business Credit (KUR) is working capital financing credit or investment program in individual, corporate or business group who are productive and worthy. For the agricultural sector, since 2019 the financing program is only KUR that aims to increase agricultural production through the use of recommended technology and the use of other production facilities properly. The objective of the study is to analyze farmers’ perceptions of the scheme KUR’s business process. The research was conducted in four districts, namely Brebes, Central Lampung, Wajo, and Malang Districts with a survey method of 232 respondents. The results of the quantitative descriptive analysis reveal that the KUR’s distributors use the precautionary principle on the aspects of the guarantee requirements, the amount of credit, the repayment period, and the frequency of the loan. Meanwhile, from the perspective of prospective debtors, the requirements and processes for applying credit vary between KUR’s distributors. KUR debtors have a better perception of the scheme of KUR’s business process, compared to non-debtors. About 74% of KUR’s debtors stated that the KUR requirements were simple, easy procedures, timely processing, no additional collateral required, low interest, sufficient socialization, no additional fees, and a ceiling fund as needed, while non-debtors were only 38.4%. There is a need for more comprehensive socialization, promotion, and advocacy, to minimize the gaps in the implementation of the scheme of the KUR business process.
The spatial degradation of Riceland and farmers perception of its causal factors and strategic adaptations
Authors: Napitupulu D , Siagian D R , Nurzannah S E
Published: November 2021

Deli Serdang District is among the highest rice producer districts in North Sumatera Province. Unfortunately, climate change and improper cultivation management practices degrade riceland fertility and affect stagnant rice productivity over the years. This study aims to identify the spatial pattern of the limited-factors for riceland suitability and determine land degradation factors and the strategic actions to increase rice production. This study was conducted in 2019 in six districts and interviewed sixty farmers for getting information about riceland degradation issue. The field survey, soil analysis and household-based survey are some methods implemented in this study. The two tools, ArcGIS and SPSS, were used to gain the purposes of the research. The results show that the low status of nutrient availability, root condition and nutrient retention are the main factors of riceland degradation. Besides, this study found that climate change, lack of organic fertilizer implementation, water scarcity and excessive chemical fertilization implementation were significant factors of land degradation based on farmers perception. In addition, some of the strategic actions were frequently implemented to minimize the degradation rate are implementing the minimum tillage, using certified seed, giving a fallow season for riceland and recycling plant residue as organic fertilizer. The study suggests implementing the proper cultivation management practices like Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) to achieve the sustainability of rice production.
The role of stakeholders to support implementation of modern agricultural programs
Authors: Syahyuti  , Indraningsih K S , Swastika D K S , Susilowati S H , Suharyono S
Published: November 2021

The Ministry of Agriculture has implemented the Modern Agriculture Program since 2016 by distributing agricultural machinery to farmers, in order to improve Indonesian agriculture which is characterized by small scale, low productivity, low labor productivity, and national production that is not self-sufficient. The objective of this research is to analyze the role of stakeholders to support the implementation of the programs. South Sulawesi was chosen purposively as the research location. The interviewees are service institutions from central to regional, key informants, farmer groups, extension agents, agricultural machinery service providers, and individual farmers. The analysis used was stakeholder analysis. The results showed that the main actors in the Modern Agricultural Program were machinery operators and UPJA administrators. The beneficiaries of Modern Agricultural services are mainly the share and tenant farmers. The machinery operators have the strongest position. In terms of the external network, the machinery operators and “area brokers” are the most important parties and determine the operation of the machinery. In order for the Modern Agriculture Program to provide positive benefits to all parties, it is necessary to strive for a system of work with fair profit sharing and to provide wider opportunities for businessmen to take part in the program.
The performance of the distribution and use of improved varieties of rice in West Java Province
Authors: Zulkifli  , Ali M S S , Fahmid I M , Salman D , Naping H , Agustian A , Perdana R P , Muslim C , Darwis V
Published: November 2021

West Java Province is one of the centers of rice production in Indonesia. The use of improved varieties continues to be pursued to support the increase in production. This study aims to analyze the performance and problems of distribution and the use of improved varieties in rice farming. The study was conducted in Majalengka and Cianjur Districts in 2020. The study sample consisted of 60 rice farmers and research-related institutions. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively by calculating the percentage of the distribution area and qualitatively descriptive. The results of the study show that in Cianjur District, from a total distribution area of 154,075 ha (in 2019), the distribution area of Ciherang and Mekongga varieties is 36.46% and 35.88%, respectively. While in Majalengka District, on the contrary, from the total area of 127,957 ha, the distribution of new improved varieties was more dominant, namely for Inpari 32 and Inpari 43 at 67.25% and 7.28%, respectively. Problems faced in the spread of new improved rice varieties include limited availability of seeds, limited demonstration plot activities, and resistance of varieties to pests and diseases. In rice farming activities in the study area, new high-yielding varieties produce relatively higher productivity compared to old improved varieties. In order to increase the spread of new improved varieties of rice, it is necessary to provide adequate seed support, description of the improvedity of improved seeds, demonstration plots, as well as support for government policies and programs for the development of new improved varieties.
Rural transformation in the upper Citarum watershed and its implication to soil conservation practices
Authors: Susilowati S H , Sudaryanto T , Perkasa H W , Sumaryanto  , Tarigan H
Published: November 2021

In response to soil and environmental problems in the Citarum river of West Java, the upper Citarum watershed has focused on government policy intervention. The policy framework primarily focuses on encouraging soil conservation practices and promoting an environmentally friendly farming system. However, most empirical research on this subject failed to acknowledge that the conservation practices varied with the stage of rural transformation. This paper aims to assess rural transformation in the upper Citarum watershed and its relation to soil conservation practices. We use Indogreen Farm Household Survey (IFHS) data collected in 2019 from Bandung and West Bandung districts, covering six sub-watersheds, 22 villages, and 500 farm households. The sub-watersheds are divided into two groups based on the degree of rural transformation. Descriptive analysis using graphs and charts presented the data. The results show that the more dominant non-agriculture job characterizes household employment and income structure in the faster regions. Furthermore, farmers in these regions mostly choose higher-value commodities compared to the slower area. Finally, soil conservation practice is more intensive in the faster region in response to more intensive land utilization. The research implies that agricultural development programs, in particular extension services, should put this issue in perspective.
Study of suitability postharvest handling level of potatoes in Kerinci District
Authors: Nofriati D , Hernita D , Hendri J , Salvia E , Primilestari S
Published: November 2021

Almost 60% of Jambi Province’s potato production comes from Kerinci District. As well as other food crop products, productivity must be balanced with the quality of the produced. Postharvest handling based of Good Handling Practices concept is the key to producing high quality and competitive potatoes and optimizing the results obtained. The data obtained showed that there was a decrease in potato seed yield around 16% during the storage. The loss was contributed by rotten and moisure migration tubers. Very few studies have been conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of postharvest handling of potatoes according to GHP concept in Kerinci District. Therefore, purpose of the study was to determine the level of suitability of postharvest handling of potatoes in Kerinci District. The research method is descriptive exploratory by making hostages systematically, factually and accurately. The data were obtained through observation, interviews and calculating the percentage of postharvest handling suitability based of the GHP concept. The results showed that the level of suitability for postharvest handling of potatoes in Kerinci District was around 69% with the average improvement that had to be done at the cleaning, storehouse handling, sanitation and packing type stages around 31% and digging tube loss reaching 100%. In principle, carrying out potato postharvest activities based of the GHP recommendations is an effort to minimize yield losses. The results of this study are expected to be a solution for improving the quality and competitiveness of potato commodities in Kerinci District, Jambi Province.
Effect of application of supply chain management practices on certified organic rice supply chain performance
Authors: Widijastuti E , Masyhuri  , Jamhari  , Mulyo J H
Published: November 2021

This research is proposed to determine the impact of management on supply chain performance. A description analysis on each indicator’s constituent variables also carried out. Data obtained from farmer groups (Poktan), combined farmer groups (Gapoktan), organic rice farmer associations, distributors and retailers consisting of modern markets, supermarkets, and minimarkets were selected using snowball sampling method. A questionnaire was utilized to determine the perceptions of respondents. The limitation of the study was the involvement of only one area of certified organic rice producer, and several distributors and retailers who engaged in the organic sector following the supply chain flow. The analysis using partial least squares structural equation modelling obtained that the integration of suppliers has a positive significance on efficiency, responsiveness, flexibility, quality, and economic satisfaction, but it does not affect social satisfaction. Internal integration only significantly influences to quality. The integration of customer has a positive importance on efficiency, responsiveness, flexibility, and social satisfaction, but it does not affect the quality and economic satisfaction. Meanwhile, information sharing has a positive effect on economic and social satisfaction, but it does not affect efficiency, responsiveness, flexibility, and quality. Supplier integration was found to be a significant factor in supply chain management practices in influencing supply chains performance. This study authenticity is the use of measurement constructs that are adapted to conditions in the field to produce new empirical data about the relationship of management practices with supply chain performance in the certified organic rice products.
Determination of priority locations to support climate change adaptation
Authors: Firda D , Estiningtyas W
Published: November 2021

Climate change has had a significant impact on the agricultural sector and the impact is different in each place due to spatial variations in Indonesia. One of the efforts that must be made to reduce risk is to adapt. The purpose of this paper is to determine the key locations and their relationship to rice production for adaptation to climate change. Rainfall data and Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) are used to see the relationship between these two parameters through regression analysis and significance in El Niño and La Niña conditions. In El Niño conditions 24 key locations were obtained and in La Niña 3 priority locations. From the selected key locations, regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between rainfall and rice production. The regression results at the sample locations show a fairly high R2 value, namely 0.4 to 0.9, namely in Juntinyuat (West Java), Palasari (Bali), and Detusoko (East Nusa Tenggara). Other key locations are also found in several provinces. This key location is a priority location where the rainfall is strongly influenced by the extreme climate phenomenon El Niño and La Niña so that it can be used to assess the impact and monitor its impact on food farming. Socialization of the use of climate information to extension workers and farmers will greatly help reduce risks and increase capacity to adapt to climate change.
Analysis of regional government food reserves in West Java Province
Authors: Agustian A , Darwis V , Muslim C , Sunarsih  , Septanti K S , Aldillah R , Swastika D K S , Suryana A
Published: November 2021

The Law No. 18/2012 concerning food mentions that local governments determine the types and amounts of certain food reserves. Currently, the existence of regional government food reserve (RGFR) is still relatively varied, according to the capacity of local governments. This study aims to analyze management policies, the amount of RGFR, management problems and strengthening strategies. The research was conducted in March-April 2021 in Cianjur and Garut Districts, West Java Province. The analysis was carried out quantitatively and descriptive qualitatively. The results of the analysis show that the RGFR management policy in West Java is stipulated by Governor Regulation No. 37/2017 concerning the provision and distribution of RGFR, while in the study location the stipulation is through a Regent Regulation. In West Java, RGFR management collaborates with BULOG, with a RGFR amount target of around 1,200 tons (2020). At the study locations in Garut and Cianjur Districts, the amount of district government food reserves (DGFR) in 2020 was 50 tons and 33 tons, respectively. In Garut District, food procurement through third party partners and the district government already has a food storage warehouse, while in Cianjur District the management is in collaboration with BULOG. The problems in RGFR management, among others, are related to the capacity of the budget for food procurement, and the seriousness of local governments to increase it. To strengthen RGFR and DGFR, government policy support is needed to increase food production according to regional production potential, and continuously increase the amount and continue to improve the management system.
Pursuing sustainable ginger production and supply performance in Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: Sujianto S , Iriani E S , Setiadi A , Syukur C , Rizal M
Published: November 2021

Ginger is one of the demanded spices during pandemic covid-19 which the price rose sharply. Besides the spice utility, Peoples believe that ginger can be used for traditional medicine, improving and preventing folk diseases. Central Kalimantan as consumers of ginger, especially red ginger, is affected by this fluctuation price directly which is indicated by soared price of red ginger almost tripled from IDR 20,000 to more than IDR 55,000. Moreover, the ginger supply of the province seems to depend on other surrounding provinces such as South Kalimantan. This paper analyzes the supply chain and its performance of ginger in Central Kalimantan province, including product, information, and financial flows from the farmers to the consumers. It also evaluates the efficiency and performance of ginger supply chain for improving the balancing system in the future. Data were collected from the farmers in the central of ginger area production, middle traders, traders in the central market in Palangkaraya city, and consumers households. The result shows that Central Kalimantan produce ginger in some regencies such as Pulang Pisau, Kapuas, Kota Waringin, Gunung Mas. However, it did not sufficiently meet ginger’s production but still supported by south Kalimantan province and West Kalimantan province. Therefore, this paper can give the information generally for all drivers, and it can drive appropriate policy for the government, especially for the development plan of ginger in Kalimantan.
Rural and structural transformation and their impacts on household in East Java
Authors: Erwidodo  , Dermoredjo S K , Yusuf E S , Purba H J , Rachmawati R R , Sudaryanto T
Published: November 2021

Empirical evidence shows that rural transformation and structural transformation in Indonesia vary between provinces in both the depth and speed of the change. One province that the local government has claimed to undergo a rapid rural transformation is the province of East Java. This paper aims to analyze the structural and rural transformations in East Java using district-level secondary data for the 2000-2020 period, obtained from East Java Provincial Statistics. Data analysis uses qualitative and descriptive methods. The results show that structural and rural transformations in East Java vary between districts and development clusters. Some districts in East java experienced a rapid decline in the agricultural sector’s contribution in 1990-2020, both in terms of regional gross domestic product and employment, compared to other districts. The results also show that there has been a transformation within the agricultural sector, with the sub-sectors of non-food (commodities) have gradually shifted out the contribution of the food crop subsector. The relatively rapid structural and rural transformation in East Java has succeeded in increasing rural household incomes and reducing poverty incidence in the province. In the future, to continue increasing household income and reduce poverty, the East Java government needs to maintain the momentum of its success through more targeted pro-growth and pro-poor investment policies.
Strategies to increase soybean production by increasing the distribution of new superior varieties
Authors: Yofa R D , Perdana R P , Aldillah R , Muslim C , Sunarsih  , Agustian A
Published: November 2021

Soybean production in Indonesia shows a downward trend over time, causing an increase in dependence on imports because the demand for soybeans is much greater. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase production by increasing productivity by using new soybean varieties, which are still very limited in distribution. This paper aims to identify the distribution of new soybean varieties, analyze the problems and factors affecting the distribution of new soybean varieties, and formulate strategies to increase the distribution of new soybean varieties. The study was conducted in the West Java and Central Java Provinces. The analysis method used in the study was qualitative descriptive. The analysis results show that in 2015-2019, soybean production in Indonesia, including in West Java and Central Java, shows a downward trend. Of the total distribution area of soybean varieties, the dominant varieties cultivated are Anjasmoro (61.48%), Wilis (10.66%), Grobogan (9.81%), Argomulyo (6.65%), and Baluran (4.01%). Meanwhile, the distribution of new soybean varieties is still very low, including Dena 1 variety (4.01%) and other new soybean varieties with a distribution area of less than 0.1% of the total distribution area. To increase the distribution of new soybean varieties, one of them can be done by developing seed breeders at the farmer level. Thus, the availability of the seeds of new soybean varieties can increase and farmers will find it easier to obtain these seeds.
Palm oil industry towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) achievements
Authors: Mardiharini M , Azahari D H , Chaidirsyah R M , Obaideen K
Published: November 2021

Gender Equality in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been exclusively developed but, most of our current economies and societies are not able to fully contribute or equally benefit from them. When zooming in, women are generally more excluded than men. Indonesia as the leading of palm oil producing country and given the vital role that women and girls play in the management, care, and use of Palm Oil, the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) framework is important to review. This paper aims to review the performance of GESI framework in the Indonesian palm oil sector and links the discussion with SDG 5 (Gender Equality) using qualitative methods, which data and information have been collected through observation, key informant interviews and secondary data. The framework focus on the marginalized groups. The results show that the palm oil industry can improve the gender equality and inclusivity for creating economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable palm oil supply chains and sectors. We need roll out the Gender Assessment to map out the actual roles, inclusivity and involvement of women in the respective area.
Urban farming and food security: household’s adaptive strategy to COVID-19 crises
Authors: Purwanto  , Yaumidin U K , Yuliana C I , Nurjati E , Rahmayanti A Z , Cahyono B D , Novandra R
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding the importance of food security and the agricultural sector. Experiencing positive growth in the Gross Domestic Product during pandemic, the agricultural sector is considered to be the most resilient sector. This study examines changes in the household pattern of food consumption and their current position on food security. It also analyses household adaptation to current health crises. We conduct an online survey from September to October 2020. The coverage areas of this survey are concentrated in Java Island and captured 1,499 households. We calculate the food security index to measure the behavioral changes of household on their food consumption pattern. The index indicates that the majority of households are food secure. However, households with food insecurity generally have multidimensional vulnerabilities on the effects of this pandemic. Our survey has indicated several activities of household resilience to cope with the increase of food prices during pandemic. Urban farming is one of the solutions to access food, and their concerns on food safety, food prices and stimulate the local economy are utmost reasons. People utilized their yards by cultivating short-lived vegetables in small pots or hydroponic method. Given these reasons, the yields of their products do not go to the commercial market, although the potential to enter this market is possible. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the government can respond to the changes that occur in society as a time to support agricultural sustainability, particularly in expanding urban farming.
Export performance and competitiveness of Indonesian coconut oil and desiccated coconut
Authors: Purba H J , Erwidodo  , Hestina J , Yusuf E S , Azahari D H , Dabukke F B , Darwis V
Published: November 2021

Competitiveness is an essential key in market penetration in export destination countries. This study aims to analyze Indonesian coconut oil, refined, bleached and deodorized and desiccated coconut (DC) export performance and its competitiveness in the export market. The competitiveness measurement is seen from comparative and competitive advantages over the two products in each leading export destination market. The analysis method used graphical illustrations and the RCA and EPD covering the period of 2009-2018. The study shows that coconut oil and DC’s export performance increases in all export markets during the analysis period. The Chinese market is a prospective market for coconut oil with the most significant export growth, 10.51% per year, and the largest market share after the USA and South Korea. Meanwhile, the Russian market is the biggest after Germany and Singapore for DC products. The result shows that coconut oil and DC product have comparative competitiveness in all export markets. Coconut oil products are no longer competitive in the South Korean market because their exports are not growing dynamically. The Chinese market is still open, but Indonesia cannot take advantage of this opportunity (lost opportunity). Meantime, DC products have an ideal position in the Russian market and the USA market for coconut oil, namely the rising star. Indonesia gains additional market share with dynamic growth (fast-growing product). Active efforts to find new markets through market diversification and diplomacy while maintaining existing markets can be an option to increase the export of coconut oil and desiccated product.
Environmental effect of biodiesel mandatory policy
Authors: Nurkhoiry R , Azahari D H , Amelia R , Roosganda E
Published: November 2021

One major biofuel in Indonesia is biodiesel with palm oil constituting the predominant raw material. Over recent years, biodiesel has become the most rapidly developing and influential aspect for economic. Biodiesel mandatory policies aim to reduce import of diesel from fossil fuels, buffer for CPO price, reduce emissions and balancing supply demand of palm oil. The biodiesel policy is supported by the CPO fund mechanism managed by BPDPKS to overcome the price gap of diesel and biodiesel which is affected by volatile price of CPO and fossil fuels. About 8 million ton (5%) CPO production in Indonesia is allocated for biodiesel production to supply domestic and overseas markets. In the long term, palm oil-based biodiesel will become the focus of renewable energy development policy in Indonesia. National energy policy direction ensures an optimum energy mix, with renewables targeted to contribute up 31% of the energy mix by 2050. These are optimistic targets that hope to be achieved over various constraints, such as issues of land for feedstock, gap price between biodiesel prices and diesel fuels, dependence on imported technologies and equipment, and low market demand for biodiesel, particularly in sectors with no government intervention. There is a general assumption that biodiesel or bioenergy already fall in line with sustainability principles as they are sourced from the agriculture sector. The study aims to examine the impact of biodiesel development to economic and environment, also to review several challenges facing by biodiesel development in Indonesia.
Study review of the electrical power generation: Wave energy converting device system from the swell
Authors: Taboada J V , Casás V D , Yu X , Gemilang G M , Sampaio P
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the design of an innovative wave energy converter, namely, Electrical Power Generation - WEC Device System from the Swell, abbreviated as WECFS. This WEC device has been registered for a patent in the Spanish Office of the Patents and Brands (OEPM) with the registration number of the innovative utility model-Patent Model: 202131440(5). The study reported in this paper endeavours to demonstrate the technical feasibility, functional mechanical-kinematic behaviour, and the performance of the proof-of-concept WEC device system, in order to determine their energy extraction capacities and functionalities. The overall energy extracted with eight electrical generators A/C is 0.185 MWatts calculated analytically. The levelized cost of energy is a very important metric in determining whether to move forward with the project, where the cost of energy target has been as cheap as $0.07kWh; this value of LCOE could be improved with optimisations on the practical design parameters. This preliminary study investigates the factors influencing standardized and industrialized for the new WEC device system and can be used to guide the optimization of this type of device technology.
Data-driven prediction of mean wind turbulence from topographic data
Authors: Morais da Costa B , Snæbjörnsson J Þ , Øiseth O A , Wang J , Jakobsen J B
Published: November 2021

This study presents a data-driven model to predict mean turbulence intensities at desired generic locations, for all wind directions. The model, a multilayer perceptron, requires only information about the local topography and a historical dataset of wind measurements and topography at other locations. Five years of data from six different wind measurement mast locations were used. A k-fold cross-validation evaluated the model at each location, where four locations were used for the training data, another location was used for validation, and the remaining one to test the model. The model outperformed the approach given in the European standard, for both performance metrics used. The results of different hyperparameter optimizations are presented, allowing for uncertainty estimates of the model performances.
Simulation of peak tension loads in Subsea power cables during installation
Authors: Okkerstrøm L , Gudmestad O T , Pedersen E
Published: November 2021

At present, most of the insurance claims in the offshore wind industry are due to cable failures where a large percentage occurs during the installation of the array and export cables. As the reliability of the cables depends on the location and installation method, it is important to map the risks involved, which can compromise the cable’s integrity in individual projects. This paper presents sensitivity analyses conducted on crucial parameters in the cable laying process, with an objective of successful installation of subsea power cables without any damages to the cable. The analyses focus on the peak tension loads with reference to key parameters as cable self-weight and laying geometry, as well as the cable deployment position on the installation vessel. Finite element analyses were conducted with both static forces and dynamic forces for irregular vessel motions, by the aid of the well-tested software OrcaFlex.
Tuning for robust and optimal dynamic positioning control in BlueROV2
Authors: Yang X , Xing Y
Published: November 2021

A tuning approach for the robust and optimal dynamic positioning control of BlueROV2 subjected to currents with varying speeds and headings is presented. A 2D planar dynamic model of BlueROV2 is developed in Matlab/Simulink and used for the study. The surge, sway and yaw motions are controlled by individual PID controllers. An extensive sensitivity study is carried out on a total of nine cases with different current speeds, current headings, and measurement noise levels. The results show that tuning a model solely using step responses from a linearized model might not produce optimal results. Further it is important to verify the system responses in time domain after tuning. Finally, it is observed that re-tuning the controllers for each simulation case may lead to better performance. However, it is also shown that the base case controller gains are sufficiently robust and lead to good performances for the other simulation cases.