bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Category learning in autistic individuals: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wimmer Lena , Steininger Tim M. , Schmid Annalena , Wittwer Jörg
Published: September 2023

Learning new categories is a fundamental human skill. In the present article, we report the first comprehensive meta-analysis of category learning in autism. Including studies comparing groups of autistic and nonautistic individuals, we investigated whether autistic individuals differ in category learning from nonautistic individuals. In addition, we examined moderator variables accounting for variability between studies. A multilevel meta-analysis ofk= 50 studies examiningn= 1,220 autistic andn= 1,445 nonautistic individuals based on 112 effect sizes in terms of the standardized mean difference revealed lower-level category learning skills for autistic compared with nonautistic individuals,g= −0.55, 95% CI = [−0.73, −0.38],p< .0001. According to moderator analyses, the significant amount of heterogeneity,Q(111) = 617.88,p< .0001, was explained by only one of the moderator variables under investigation—namely, study language. For the remaining variables—namely, age, year of publication, risk of bias, type of control group, IQ of autistic group, percentage of male autistic participants, type of category, type of task, and type of dependent measure—there were no significant effects. Although hat values and Cook’s distance statistics confirmed the robustness of findings, results of Egger’s test and a funnel plot suggested the presence of publication bias reflecting an overrepresentation of disadvantageous findings for autistic groups. Objectives for future work include identifying additional moderator variables, examining downstream effects of suboptimal category learning skills, and developing interventions.
Singing Ability Assessment: Development and validation of a singing test based on item response theory and a general open-source software environment for singing data
Authors: Silas Sebastian , Müllensiefen Daniel , Kopiez Reinhard
Published: September 2023

We describe the development of the Singing Ability Assessment (SAA) open-source test environment. The SAA captures and scores different aspects of human singing ability and melodic memory in the context of item response theory. Taking perspectives from both melodic recall and singing accuracy literature, we present results from two online experiments (N = 247; N = 910). On-the-fly audio transcription is produced via a probabilistic algorithm and scored via latent variable approaches. Measures of the ability to sing long notes indicate a three-dimensional principal components analysis solution representing pitch accuracy, pitch volatility and changes in pitch stability (proportion variance explained: 35%; 33%; 32%). For melody singing, a mixed-effects model uses features of melodic structure (e.g., tonality, melody length) to predict overall sung melodic recall performance via a composite score [R2c = .42; R2m = .16]. Additionally, two separate mixed-effects models were constructed to explain performance in singing back melodies in a rhythmic [R2c = .42; R2m = .13] and an arhythmic [R2c = .38; R2m = .11] condition. Results showed that the yielded SAA melodic scores are significantly associated with previously described measures of singing accuracy, the long note singing accuracy measures, demographic variables, and features of participants’ hardware setup. Consequently, we release five R packages which facilitate deploying melodic stimuli online and in laboratory contexts, constructing audio production tests, transcribing audio in the R environment, and deploying the test elements and their supporting models. These are published as open-source, easy to access, and flexible to adapt.
Validation of scrambling methods for vocal affect bursts
Authors: Ziereis Annika , Schacht Anne
Published: September 2023

Studies on perception and cognition require sound methods allowing us to disentangle the basic sensory processing of physical stimulus properties from the cognitive processing of stimulus meaning. Similar to the scrambling of images, the scrambling of auditory signals is aimed at creating stimulus instances that are unrecognizable but have comparable low-level features. In the present study, we generated scrambled stimuli of short vocalizations taken from the Montreal Affective Voices database (Belin et al., Behav Res Methods, 40(2):531–539, 2008) by applying four different scrambling methods (frequency-, phase-, and two time-scrambling transformations). The original stimuli and their scrambled versions were judged by 60 participants for the apparency of a human voice, gender, and valence of the expressions, or, if no human voice was detected, for the valence of the subjective response to the stimulus. The human-likeness ratings were reduced for all scrambled versions relative to the original stimuli, albeit to a lesser extent for phase-scrambled versions of neutral bursts. For phase-scrambled neutral bursts, valence ratings were equivalent to those of the original neutral burst. All other scrambled versions were rated as slightly unpleasant, indicating that they should be used with caution due to their potential aversiveness.
Accounting for Intellectual Capital and Financial Reporting Quality of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Aji Agbu Iliya , Uwah Uwem , Essien Iniabasi , Akinninyi Patrick Edet
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the extent to which intellectual coefficient (IC) in human resource (HR) accounting relates with the quality of financial reports. IC was assessed with litigation risk.The research design employed in this study is the ex-post facto research design. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to sample 14 firms with up to date and complete annual reports and accounts for the study period (2017-2021). Secondary data derived from the financial statements of companies were reviewed for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the mean, median, standard deviation, skewedness, kurtosis, maximum and minimum of the study variables, while panel regression was used to test the null hypotheses. Findings of the study revealed that intellectual capital has a negative relationship with litigation risk and IC has positive relationship with financial reporting quality. It is recommended that companies should on creating relational awareness in their employees through adequate training in the aspect of customer relation and proper management of financial and human resources.
Impact of Macroeconomic Shocks on the Growth of Nigeria Economy
Authors: Adeniyi Oguntuase
Published: September 2023

Policy redirection has been supported as the way out of the display development challenges confronting the nation. The objective of the paper is to survey the effect of macroeconomic stuns on the development of Nigeria economy. The theory appears the whether macroeconomic stuns have critical effect on the Nigeria financial development. This think about embraced Akaike Data Model (AIC) to decide the ideal slack combination for the ARDL. The slack combination with the slightest esteem of the chosen basis among the competing slack orders is considered the ideal slack. Discoveries uncovered the impacts of monetary arrangement factors on financial development of Nigeria are found to be noteworthy both within the long run and brief run particularly the center financial approach factors like government expenditure and government income conjointly affirmed the defenselessness of the Nigerian economy to outside stuns. The paper concludes that out of the two major financial arrangement factors, government income has more critical relationship with Nigerian financial development. The development rate of Nigeria is more connected to government income than expenditure. Suggestion appears that Nigerian government ought to input approaches that will upgrade nearby yield, this will diminish the helplessness of the economy to outside stuns.
Sistem Informasi Geografis Persebaran Pondok Pesantren Kabupaten Langkat dan Binjai Menggunakan Leaflet
Authors: Syahranitazli Syahranitazli , Samsudin Samsudin
Published: September 2023

Kabupaten Langkat dan Kota Binjai mayoritas penduduknya memeluk agama Islam yang memiliki persentase 89,41% pada kabupaten Langkat dan 83,47% pada kota Binjai. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner yang ditujukan kepada responden yaitu sekitar 81% mengatakan bahwa masih kesulitan dalam menemukan informasi detail pondok pesantren. Selama ini belum ada sistem yang dimiliki oleh kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Langkat dan Kota Binjai yang bisa digunakan untuk memberikan informasi pondok pesantren serta lokasinya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti bertujuan merancang sebuah sistem yang memanfaatkan teknologi berupa sistem informasi geografis berbasis website dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas dari Leaflet. Dengan memanfaatkan metode Research and Development (R&D) sebagai metode penelitian serta pengembangan sistem yang digunakan yakni metode waterfall dengan beberapa komponen yang digunakan yaitu HTML, CSS, Javascript, PHP dan Mysql. Dibangunya sistem ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai informasi detail pondok pesantren dan titik lokasi pondok pesantren yang berada di wilayah Kabupaten Langkat dan Kota Binjai. Sistem ini dapat membantu dan memudahkan masyarakat umum dan pegawai kantor kementerian agama pada bidang Pondok Pesantren Kabupaten Langkat dan Kota Binjai dalam memonitoring lokasi dan informasi pondok pesantren.
Modelo de Gestión de Adquisición Pública para Garantizar la Transparencia Administrativa en un Hospital Público
Authors: Piza Carrasco Glenda Noemí , De Jesús Carbajal Cecilia Teresita
Published: September 2023

El propósito de la presente investigación es proponer un modelo de gestión de adquisición pública para garantizar la transparencia administrativa en un hospital público de Guayaquil, Ecuador 2023. Investigación de carácter básica – proyectiva, no experimental transversal y niveles de conocimiento, descriptivo, explicativo y prospectivo. Se realizó la recolección de datos a una población de 107 funcionarios público de la ciudad de Guayaquil, como criterios de inclusión se estableció: ser funcionario público perteneciente al área de compras públicas, áreas requirentes o que se encuentre involucrado en el desarrollo de los procesos de adquisiciones para un hospital del sector público,  se pudo observar que en la estadística de fiabilidad por variable se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach 0,923 para la variable independiente Gestión de Adquisición con 24 elementos, mientras que para la variable dependiente se obtuvo un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,798 con 14 elementos lo que significa que el instrumento es confiable, se pudo evidenciar en la valoración de bondad de ajuste del modelo para la hipótesis general consta de la siguiente manera ꭕ2 = ,001 con p = 1,000 > ,05 y ꭕ2 = ,001 con p = 1,000 > ,05  estadísticamente los rasgos de la gestión de adquisición se integran para explicar el diseño de un modelo predictivo funcional como respuesta para evidenciar la transparencia en los procesos de compra en un hospital de Guayaquil,  se obtuvo un modelo general: Transparencia Administrativa bajo nivel = -41,352 -32,451 Planificación bajo nivel – 23,641 Dirección bajo nivel, -48,742 Control bajo nivel el cual fue considerado para la configuración de la propuesta.
ВДАВЛИВАНИЕ ЭЛЛИПТИЧЕСКОГО ЦИЛИНДРА В ИДЕАЛЬНО ПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЛУПРОСТРАНСТВО
Authors: Nepershin R.I.
Published: September 2023

Numerical simulation of the plane strain ideal plastic half-space indentation by the rigid elliptical cylinder with Prandtl’s contact fiction consideration is presented. The slip lines and velocities on the hodograph plane with positive plastic dissipative function are defined by numerical calculation of differential equations of the plane strain plastic flow theory. Curved form of the stress free boundary of the plastic region, which is function of the cylinder indentation depth, is defined by the plastic incompressibility condition. The numerical simulation satisfies the full equations system of the plane strain ideal plastic theory with Mises yield criterion and positive dissipative function in the plastic region. The simulation is constrained by the limit indentation depth, when in the case of the contact boundary curvature decreasing the centered fun slip lines region is degenerated, or in the case of the contact boundary curvature increasing by nucleation of small regions with negative plastic dissipative function, with indentation depth increase.

Приведено моделирование вдавливания эллиптического цилиндра в идеально пластическое полупространство при плоской деформации с учетом контактного трения численным интегрированием уравнений плоского пластического течения с контролем положительности диссипативной функции. Криволинейная свободная граница пластической области вычисляется из условия пластической несжимаемости в зависимости от глубины вдавливания. Моделирование удовлетворяет полной системе уравнений теории плоской деформации при условии пластичности Мизеса. Область применимости модели при увеличении глубины вдавливания ограничена вырождением центрированного веера линий скольжения при уменьшении кривизны границы контакта, или появлением зоны с отрицательными значениями диссипативной функции при увеличении кривизны границы контакта.
THE INHIBITING FACTORS OF GREEN PRODUCT PURCHASING BEHAVIOR: GREEN KNOWLEDGE AS A MODERATING EFFECT
Authors: Silintowe Yunita Budi Rahayu , Sukresna I Made
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the effects of inhibiting factors (i.e., habits, skepticism, and lack of availability) and green knowledge on the purchasing behavior of environmentally friendly products. This research also explains the moderating effect of green knowledge on the relationship between the inhibiting factors of green product purchasing behavior and green product purchasing behavior. Prior studies have not investigated the moderating effect of green knowledge on the relationships between the inhibiting factors and green product purchases. Data was generated through a cross-sectional survey of 743 residents throughout Indonesia and analyzed by Partial Least Squares (PLS) as a variance-based technique for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results demonstrate that green knowledge is crucial in affecting eco-friendly product purchasing decisions and consumers’ habits inhibit their decisions to purchase eco-friendly products. However, when moderated by better green knowledge, consumers who are not accustomed to purchasing eco-friendly products are more likely to make actual green product purchases. Further, the lack of green product availability demotivates consumers with higher green knowledge to purchase green products. This study offers practical implications for business actors by highlighting the importance of educating consumers on the positive environmental impacts of consuming green products and providing environmentally friendly products.
Stable Coronal X-Ray Emission over 20 yr of XZ Tau
Authors: Silverberg Steven M. , Günther Hans Moritz , Pradhan Pragati , Principe David A. , Schneider P. C. , Wolk Scott J.
Published: September 2023

XZ Tau AB is a frequently observed binary young stellar object in the Taurus Molecular Cloud; XZ Tau B has been classified as an EXOr object. We present new Chandra/HETG-ACIS-S observations of XZ Tau AB, complemented with variability monitoring of the system with XMM-Newton, to constrain the variability of this system and identify high-resolution line diagnostics to better understand the underlying mechanisms that produce the X-rays. We observe two flares with XMM-Newton but find that outside of these flares the coronal X-ray spectrum of XZ Tau AB is consistent over 20 yr of observations. We compare the ensemble of XZ Tau AB X-ray observations over time with the scatter across stars observed in point-in-time observations of the Orion Nebula Cluster and find that both overlap in terms of plasma properties, i.e., some of the scatter observed in the X-ray properties of stellar ensembles stems from intrinsic source variability.
Fast Radio Bursts as Probes of Magnetic Fields in Galaxies at z < 0.5
Authors: Mannings Alexandra G. , Pakmor Rüdiger , Prochaska J. Xavier , van de Voort Freeke , Simha Sunil , Shannon R. M. , Tejos Nicolas , Deller Adam , Rafelski Marc
Published: September 2023

We present a sample of nine fast radio bursts (FRBs) from which we derive magnetic field strengths of the host galaxies represented by normal, z < 0.5 star-forming galaxies with stellar masses M
* ≈ 108–1010.5
M
⊙. We find no correlation between the FRB rotation measure (RM) and redshift, which indicates that the RM values are due mostly to the FRB host contribution. This assertion is further supported by a significant positive correlation (Spearman test probability P

S
< 0.05) found between the RM and the estimated host dispersion measure (DMhost; with Spearman rank correlation coefficient r

S
= +0.75). For these nine galaxies, we estimate their magnetic field strengths projected along the sight line ∣B
∥∣, finding a low median value of 0.5 μG. This implies the magnetic fields of our sample of hosts are weaker than those characteristic of the solar neighborhood (≈6 μG), but relatively consistent with a lower limit on the observed range of ≈2–10 μG for star-forming disk galaxies, especially as we consider reversals in the B-field, and that we are only probing B∥. We compare to RMs from simulated galaxies of the Auriga project—magneto-hydrodynamic cosmological zoom simulations—and find that the simulations predict the observed values to within a 95% confidence interval. Upcoming FRB surveys will provide hundreds of new FRBs with high-precision localizations, RMs, and imaging follow-up to support further investigation into the magnetic fields of a diverse population of z < 1 galaxies.
Simple Convective Accretion Flows (SCAFs): Explaining the ≈ −1 Density Scaling of Hot Accretion Flows around Compact Accretors
Authors: Xu 许 Wenrui 文睿
Published: September 2023

Recent simulations find that hot gas accretion onto compact accretors is often highly turbulent and diskless, and shows a power-law density profile with slope α

ρ
≈ −1. These results are consistent with observational constraints, but do not match existing self-similar solutions of radiatively inefficient accretion flows. We develop a theory for this new class of accretion flows, which we dub simple convective accretion flows (SCAFs). We use a set of hydrodynamic simulations to provide a minimalistic example of SCAFs, and develop an analytic theory to explain and predict key flow properties. We demonstrate that the turbulence in the flow is driven locally by convection, and argue that radial momentum balance, together with an approximate up–down symmetry of convective turbulence, yields α

ρ
= −1 ± few 0.1. Empirically, for an adiabatic hydrodynamic flow with γ ≈ 5/3, we get α

ρ
≈ −0.8; the resulting accretion rate (relative to the Bondi accretion rate),

M

̇

/

M

̇

B

∼

(

r

acc

/

r

B

)

0.7

, agrees very well with the observed accretion rates in Sgr A*, M87*, and a number of wind-fed supergiant X-ray binaries. We also argue that the properties of SCAFs are relatively insensitive to additional physical ingredients such as cooling and magnetic field; this explains their common appearance across simulations of different astrophysical systems.
On the Decline of Star Formation during the Evolution of Galaxies
Authors: Teklu Adelheid , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Dolag Klaus , Remus Rhea-Silvia , Kimmig Lucas
Published: September 2023

Cosmological simulations predict that during the evolution of galaxies, the specific star formation rate continuously decreases. In a previous study we showed that generally this is not caused by the galaxies running out of cold gas but rather a decrease in the fraction of gas capable of forming stars. To investigate the origin of this behavior, we use disk galaxies selected from the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Magneticum Pathfinder and follow their evolution in time. We find that the mean density of the cold gas regions decreases with time. This is caused by the fact that during the evolution of the galaxies the star-forming regions move to larger galactic radii, where the gas density is lower. This supports the idea of inside-out growth of disk galaxies.
Interplay between Anisotropy- and Skewness-driven Whistler Instabilities in the Solar Wind under the Core–Strahlo Model
Authors: Zenteno-Quinteros Bea , Moya Pablo S. , Lazar Marian , Viñas Adolfo F. , Poedts Stefaan
Published: September 2023

Temperature anisotropy and field-aligned skewness are commonly observed nonthermal features in electron velocity distributions in the solar wind. These characteristics can act as a source of free energy to destabilize different electromagnetic wave modes, which may alter the plasma state through wave–particle interactions. Previous theoretical studies have mainly focused on analyzing these nonthermal features and self-generated instabilities individually. However, to obtain a more accurate and realistic understanding of the kinetic processes in the solar wind, it is necessary to examine the interplay between these two energy sources. By means of linear kinetic theory, in this paper we investigate the excitation of the parallel propagating whistler mode, when it is destabilized by electron populations exhibiting both temperature anisotropy and field-aligned strahl or skewness. To describe the solar wind electrons, we adopt the core–strahlo model as an alternative approach. This model offers the advantage of representing the suprathermal features of halo and strahl electrons, using a single skew–kappa distribution already known as the strahlo population. Our findings show that when the electron strahlo exhibits an intrinsic temperature anisotropy, this suprathermal population becomes a stronger and more efficient source of free energy for destabilizing the whistler mode. This suggests the greater involvement of the anisotropic strahlo in processes conditioned by wave–particle interactions. The present results also suggest that the contribution of core anisotropy can be safely disregarded when assessing the importance of instabilities driven by the suprathermal population. This allows for a focused study, particularly regarding the regulation of the electron heat flux in the solar wind.
Giant Impact Events for Protoplanets: Energetics of Atmospheric Erosion by Head-on Collision
Authors: Kurosaki Kenji , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro
Published: September 2023

Numerous exoplanets with masses ranging from Earth to Neptune and radii larger than Earth have been found through observations. These planets possess atmospheres that range in mass fractions from 1% to 30%, reflecting the diversity of atmospheric mass fractions. Such diversities are supposed to be caused by differences in the formation processes or evolution. Here, we consider head-on giant impacts onto planets causing atmosphere losses in the later stage of their formation. We perform smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations to study the impact-induced atmosphere loss of young super-Earths with 10%–30% initial atmospheric mass fractions. We find that the kinetic energy of the escaping atmosphere is almost proportional to the sum of the kinetic impact energy and self-gravitational energy released from the merged core. We derive the relationship between the kinetic impact energy and the escaping atmosphere mass. The giant impact events for planets of comparable masses are required in the final stage of the popular scenario of rocky planet formation. We show it results in a significant loss of the atmosphere, if the impact is a head-on collision with comparable masses. This latter fact provides a constraint on the formation scenario of rocky planets with substantial atmospheres.
Constraining the Gravitational Potential from the Projected Morphology of Extragalactic Tidal Streams
Authors: Nibauer Jacob , Bonaca Ana , Johnston Kathryn V.
Published: September 2023

The positions and velocities of stellar streams have been used to constrain the mass and shape of the Milky Way's dark matter halo. Several extragalactic streams have already been detected, though it has remained unclear what can be inferred about the gravitational potential from only 2D photometric data of a stream. We present a fast method to infer halo shapes from the curvature of 2D projected stream tracks. We show that the stream curvature vector must point within 90° of the projected acceleration vector, in the absence of recent time-dependent perturbations. While insensitive to the total magnitude of the acceleration, and therefore the total mass, applying this constraint along a stream can determine halo shape parameters and place limits on disk-to-halo mass ratios. The most informative streams are those with sharp turns or flat segments, since these streams sample a wide range of curvature vectors over a small area (sharp turns) or have a vanishing projected acceleration component (flat segments). We apply our method to low surface brightness imaging of NGC 5907, and find that its dark matter halo is oblate. Our analytic approach is significantly faster than other stream modeling techniques, and indicates which parts of a stream contribute to constraints on the potential. The method enables a measurement of dark matter halo shapes for thousands of systems using stellar stream detections expected from upcoming facilities like Rubin and Roman.
Photospheric and Chromospheric Magnetic Field Evolution during the X1.6 Flare in Active Region NOAA 12192
Authors: Ferrente F. , Zuccarello F. , Guglielmino S. L. , Criscuoli S. , Romano P.
Published: September 2023

We report on observations acquired by the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectropolarimeter (IBIS) during SOL2014-10-22T14:02, an X1.6 flare that occurred in active region NOAA 12192, taken in the Fe i 617.30 nm and Ca ii 854.2 nm line profiles. We analyze polarization signatures in the Stokes profiles of the two lines across one of the flare ribbons. Focusing our attention on the chromospheric signals and using the weak-field approximation (WFA), we study the temporal variation of the line-of-sight (LOS) magnetic field. We find variations of the magnetic field or the opacity along the flare ribbon, in most cases within the first 3 minutes of the observation just after the flare peak, during the tail of the flare impulsive phase. This result was validated by the STiC inversion of the pixels used for the WFA analysis. The analysis of the photospheric magnetic field shows that in this layer, the LOS magnetic field does not show the same changes observed in the chromosphere in the selected pixels, nor clear evidence of changes along the polarity inversion line around a magnetic polarity intrusion. In this respect, we also find that the temporal observing window is not suitable for assessing the presence of stepwise changes. The nonlinear force-free field extrapolations, together with the analysis of the ribbons’ isophotes obtained from Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph data, suggest that the region corresponding to the magnetic intrusion observed by IBIS is characterized by a complex magnetic connectivity and is almost cospatial with the area affected by the initial energy release.
On the Properties of Inverse Compton Spectra Generated by Upscattering a Power-law Distribution of Target Photons
Authors: Khangulyan Dmitry , Aharonian Felix , Taylor Andrew M.
Published: September 2023

Relativistic electrons are an essential component in many astrophysical sources, and their radiation may dominate the high-energy bands. Inverse Compton (IC) emission is the radiation mechanism that plays the most important role in these bands. The basic properties of IC, such as the total and differential cross sections, have long been studied; the properties of the IC emission depend strongly not only on the emitting electron distribution but also on the properties of the target photons. This complicates the phenomenological studies of sources, where target photons are supplied from a broad radiation component. We study the spectral properties of IC emission generated by a power-law distribution of electrons on a power-law distribution of target photons. We approximate the resulting spectrum by a broken-power-law distribution and show that there can be up to three physically motivated spectral breaks. If the target photon spectrum extends to sufficiently low energies,

ε

min

<

m

e

2

c

4

/

E

max

(m

e
and c are electron mass and speed of light, respectively;

ε

min

and

E

max

are the minimum/maximum energies of target photons and electrons, respectively), then the high-energy part of the IC component has a spectral slope typical for the Thomson regime with an abrupt cutoff close to

E

max

. The spectra typical for the Klein–Nishina regime are formed above

m

e

2

c

4

/

ε

min

. If the spectrum of target photons features a cooling break, i.e., a change of the photon index by 0.5 at ε
br, then the transition to the Klein–Nishina regime proceeds through an intermediate change of the photon index by 0.5 at

m

e

2

c

4

/

ε

br

.
High-energy Neutrino Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Reacceleration in Radio Halos of Massive Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Nishiwaki Kosuke , Asano Katsuaki , Murase Kohta
Published: September 2023

A fraction of merging galaxy clusters host diffuse radio emission in their central region, termed a giant radio halo (GRH). The most promising mechanism of GRHs is the reacceleration of nonthermal electrons and positrons by merger-induced turbulence. However, the origin of these seed leptons has been under debate, and either protons or electrons can be primarily accelerated particles. In this work, we demonstrate that neutrinos can be used as a probe of physical processes in galaxy clusters and discuss possible constraints on the number of relativistic protons in the intracluster medium with the existing upper limits by IceCube. We calculate radio and neutrino emission from massive (>1014
M
⊙) galaxy clusters using the cluster population model of Nishiwaki & Asano. This model is compatible with the observed statistics of GRHs, and we find that the contribution of GRHs to the isotropic radio background observed with the ARCADE-2 experiment should be subdominant. Our fiducial model predicts the all-sky neutrino flux that is consistent with IceCube's upper limit from the stacking analysis. We also show that the neutrino upper limit gives meaningful constraints on the parameter space of the reacceleration model, such as the electron-to-proton ratio of the primary cosmic rays and the magnetic field; in particular, the secondary scenario, where the seed electrons mostly originate from inelastic pp collisions, can be constrained even in the presence of reacceleration.
Gravitational Instability, Spiral Substructure, and Modest Grain Growth in a Typical Protostellar Disk: Modeling Multiwavelength Dust Continuum Observations of TMC1A
Authors: Xu Wenrui , Ohashi Satoshi , Aso Yusuke , Liu Hauyu Baobab
Published: September 2023

Embedded class 0/I protostellar disks represent the initial condition for planet formation. This calls for a better understanding of their bulk properties and the dust grains within them. We model multiwavelength dust continuum observations of the disk surrounding the class I protostar TMC1A to provide insight on these properties. The observations can be well fit by a gravitationally self-regulated (i.e., marginally gravitationally unstable and internally heated) disk model with surface density Σ ∼ 1720(R/10 au)−1.96 g cm−2 and midplane temperature T
mid ∼ 185(R/10 au)−1.27 K. The observed disk contains an m = 1 spiral substructure; we use our model to predict the spiral’s pitch angle, and the prediction is consistent with the observations. This agreement serves as both a test of our model and strong evidence of the gravitational nature of the spiral. Our model estimates a maximum grain size

a

max

∼
196

(
R

/

10

au
)

−
2.45

μ
m

, which is consistent with grain growth being capped by a fragmentation barrier with a threshold velocity of ∼1 m s−1. We further demonstrate that the observational properties of TMC1A are typical among the observed population of class 0/I disks, which hints that traditional methods of disk data analysis based on Gaussian fitting and the assumption of optically thin dust emission could have systematically underestimated the disk size and mass and overestimated the grain size.
The Journey to a TDWG Mappings Task Group and its Plans for the Future
Authors: Fichtmueller David
Published: September 2023

Some Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) standards have had mappings to other standards for years or even decades. However each standard is using its own approach to documenting those mappings, some are incomplete and often hard to find. There is no TDWG recommended approach for how mappings should be documented, like the Standards Documentation Standard (SDS) does for the standards themselves.

During TDWG 2022 in Sofia, Bulgaria, the topic of mapping between standards was mentioned several times throughout the conference, which led to an impromptu discussion about standards mappings at the Unconference slot on the last conference day. Afterwards a dedicated Slack channel within the TDWG Slack workspace was added to continue the conversation (#mappings-between-standards). During further discussions, both within the Technical Architecture Group (TAG) of TDWG and during separate video conferences on the topic, it was decided to form a dedicated task group under the umbrella of the TAG. This task group is still in the process of formation. The goal of the group is to review the current state of mappings for TDWG standards, align approaches by the different standards to foster interoperability and give recommendations for current and future standards on how to specify mappings. Further work to define the strategy and scope for achieving these goals is needed, particularly to gain community input and acceptance. Consideration has been given to a range of possible types of mappings, which serve the different use cases and expectations for mappings such as machine actionability and improved documentation of the TDWG standards landscape to aid user understanding and implementation. In this talk we will show the work that has already been done, outline our planned steps and invite the community to give input on our process.
Towards the Atlas of Living Flanders, a Challenging Path
Authors: Brosens Dimitri , Migerode Sten , De Wever Aaike
Published: September 2023

In Belgium, a federal country in the heart of Europe, the competencies for nature conservation and nature policy lie within the regions. The Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) is an independent research institute, funded by the Flemish regional government, which underpins and evaluates biodiversity policy and management by means of applied scientific research, and sharing of data and knowledge.

One of the 12 strategic goals in the 2009-2015 INBO strategic planning was that: 'INBO manages data and makes them accessible. It looks into appropriate data gathering methods and means by which to disseminate data and make them readily available'. Since 2009, the INBO has steadily evolved into a research institute with a strong emphasis on open data and open science. In 2010 INBO became a data publisher for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), adopted an open data and open access policy and is known for being an open science institute in Flanders, Belgium. In 2021, a question arose from the council of ministers on the possibility and availability of a public portal for biodiversity data. The goal of this portal should be to ensure findability, availability, and optimal usability of biodiversity data, initially for policy makers, but also for the wider public. With the Living Atlas project already high on our radar, an analysis project, funded by the Flemish government, started in December 2021. All the entities in the department of 'Environment' contributed to a requirements and feasibility study, a proof of concept (POC) Living Atlas for Flanders was set up and the required budget was calculated.

During the requirements and feasibility study we questioned the agency for nature and forest (ANB), the Flanders Environment Agency (VMM), Flemish land agency (VLM) and the Department of Environment with the help of a professional inquiry agency IPSOS on the possible relevance for policy of a Flemish biodiversity portal, the need of high resolution data (geographical and temporal scale) and the availability of biodiversity data in Flanders, focussed on key species, protected species and other Flemish priority species.

During the technical proof of concept, we tested the Living Atlases (LA) software suite as the most mature candidate for a Flemish Living Atlas. We checked how we could set up a LA installation in our own Amazon Web Services (AWS) environment, evaluated all the used technologies, estimated the maintenance and infrastructure cost, the needed profiles and the number of full-time equivalent personnel we would need to run a performant Atlas of Living Flanders.

The goal of this talk is to inform the audience on the steps we took, the hurdles we encountered and how we are trying to convince our policy makers of the benefits of an Atlas of Living Flanders.
Georges Sorel et Marie David, femme du peuple. Choix de classe et engagement socialiste
Authors: Gianinazzi Willy
Published: September 2023

Hormis ses origines modestes, peu de choses sont connues de Marie David, la femme qui a accompagné Georges Sorel tout au long de sa vie, depuis leur rencontre en 1875. Pourtant, Sorel lui-même témoigne de son importance dans les développements de son œuvre. Sa place est ici étudiée sur deux plans, fortement liés l’un à l’autre. D’un côté, il s’agit de rassembler les quelques éléments épars donnant à voir un couple asymétrique, qui introduit Sorel aux réalités vécues du monde ouvrier et inspire son œuvre. D’un autre côté, cette inspiration joue sur une réflexion plus élaborée sur la femme et le couple dans la société.
Un couple en exil : Jean-Richard et Marguerite Bloch (avril 1941-janvier 1945)
Authors: Mazuy Rachel
Published: September 2023

À première vue, le couple militant formé par Jean-Richard et Madeleine Bloch ne semble guère se distinguer d’autres cas convenus : lui est un intellectuel proche, puis adhérent du Parti communiste dans les années 1930 ; elle le suit dans ses engagements, lui offre le support nécessaire et se charge de la vie familiale. La guerre et surtout l’exil en URSS, à partir de 1941, bouleversent cet équilibre en modifiant la répartition des rôles. En suivant les pérégrinations des Bloch, cet article montre ce que l’exil fait au militantisme vécu en couple.
L’agenda social paritaire : un projet de régulation interprofessionnelle autonome
Authors: Freyssinet Jacques
Published: September 2023

L’accord national interprofessionnel du 14 avril 2022 sur le paritarisme prévoit « la construction d’un agenda économique et social paritaire autonome ». Il s’agit pour les signataires de prendre leurs distances à l’égard d’un agenda social qui leur serait imposé par le gouvernement. Si l’adoption d’un tel agenda ne constitue pas un phénomène nouveau, les expériences antérieures étaient nées de conjonctures spécifiques ; elles étaient prévues pour une durée limitée. Pour la première fois est posé le principe d’un recours permanent à cette procédure. En tirant les enseignements d’expériences discontinues, il est possible de dégager les conditions et les limites d’une capacité de régulation autonome. Elles sont liées au contenu des accords, à la reconnaissance de la légitimité et de la représentativité des signataires et aux rapports de coopération, de concurrence ou de conflit qui s’établissent avec les régulations étatiques.
Hip Disorders in Bull Riders: Clinical Observations and Outcomes of Arthroscopy
Authors: Byrd J. W. Thomas , Jones Kay S. , Freeman Tandy R.
Published: September 2023

Bull riders represent a microcosm of athletes in whom severe consequences of femoroacetabular impingement may challenge the limits of arthroscopic intervention. Observations of this cohort may provide meaningful insight into the treatment of other populations. All patients undergoing hip arthroscopy are prospectively assessed with a modified Harris Hip Score. Sixteen consecutive bull riders (21 hips) with minimum 2-year follow-up are reported. The average age was 26 years, duration of symptoms was 33 months, and follow-up was 57 months. Arc of rotational hip motion averaged 31°. All had femoroacetabular impingement (17 combined and 4 cam impingements). Among the cam impingements, 1 also had dysplasia and 1 also had borderline dysplasia. Radiographic Tönnis grades were as follows: 2 Tönnis 1; 18 Tönnis 2; and 1 Tönnis 3. All had acetabular articular damage (14 Outerbridge grade 4; 6 Outerbridge grade 3; and 1 Outerbridge grade 1). Nine underwent microfracture. Four had accompanying femoral chondral lesions (3 grade 3; 1 grade 4). There were 20 labral tears (14 repaired and 6 debrided). All but 1 (95%) improved after surgery. One bilateral case underwent conversion to resurfacing arthroplasty on one side and revision arthroscopy on the other. The average improvement was 21.3 points. Thirteen (81.25%) returned to bull riding at an average of 7 months. Among the 3 who did not return, each had undergone bilateral procedures. There were no complications. Femoroacetabular impingement can be a significant problem among bull riders. Limited range of motion, grade 4 articular damage, and Tönnis 2 radiographic changes may not preclude successful arthroscopic treatment, but advanced bilateral disease may be too much even for these hardened athletes. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(2):79–82.]
From η
2
to ω
2
: Adopt a Better Measure of Effect
Authors: Taylor John M.
Published: September 2023

A cursory review of relevant research works published in the
Journal of Nursing Education
suggests that our community may unnecessarily rely on η
2
when reporting results of their ANOVA models. Although η
2
is convenient, the statistic possesses many limitations that warrant our community adopting a wider set of effect size statistics and practices to promote a valid science of nursing education. We specifically call attention in this article to ω
2
.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2023;62(9):532–533.]
Solutions for a class of problems driven by an anisotropic $ (p, q) $-Laplacian type operator
Authors: Tavares Leandro
Published: September 2023

In this manuscript, existence and multiplicity results are obtained for a problem involving an anisotropic $ (p, q) $-Laplacian-type operator by means of sub-supersolutions and variational techniques. This problem arises in various applications such as in the study of the enhancement of images, the spread of epidemic disease and in the dynamic of fluids. Under a general condition, the existence of a solution is proved, and the multiplicity of solutions is obtained by considering an additional natural hypothesis.
Thermodynamic and geochemical studies of formation water in Rag-e Sefid oil and gas field, Iran
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Hossein , Niknam Abas , Torghabeh Amir Karimian , Pimentel Nuno
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, the concentration of mineral cations and anions in the formation water of oil and gas fields is a challenging issue for oil industry technicians managing the formation of mineral deposits during water injection operations. For this reason, the analysis of formation water mineral ions during exploitation operations can be a valuable solution for the efficient management of oil production. Therefore, in this research, the thermodynamic and geochemical evaluation of formation water in the Reg-e Sefid oil and gas field is considered. Based on the results of this study, the formation of calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate can be expected due to the concentration of mineral ions dissolved in the formation water in the Reg-e Sefid oil and gas field according to the StimCad2 software. Also, based on the evaluation of ion ratios, the studied oil and gas field formation has ideal conditions for hydrocarbon production. Based on the results obtained from the comparison of the water and rock formation of the Rag-e Sefid oil and gas field, the source of ions (except calcium and magnesium ions) is related to ancient sea water.
Tendencias en producción científica sobre comunicación de la ciencia durante el período 2017-2021
Authors: Parejo-Cuellar Macarena , Flores-Jaramillo Samanta , Carcaboso-García Eduardo
Published: September 2023

En este estudio se identifican las relaciones entre los conceptos principales en torno a una búsqueda inicial relacionada con la “comunicación de la ciencia” en el periodo 2017-2021. Se parte de 301 documentos seleccionados en base a criterios de relevancia, de los cuales se estudia el impacto de las publicaciones a través del SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) y se realiza un análisis de co-ocurrencia de palabras claves para conocer las líneas de investigación más importantes en torno a la “comunicación de la ciencia”. Se concluye que los artículos relacionados con la comunicación de la ciencia de modo general se publican en mayor medida en publicaciones no indexadas, aspecto que se repite en la temporalidad estudiada, además se detecta que las temáticas que se estudian se relacionan con la comunicación científica y la educación científica, el estudio de las redes sociales, la divulgación científica, evaluación bibliométrica y comunicación pública en relación al Covid-19.
Automated Writing Evaluation in EFL Contexts
Authors: Aldosemani Tahani I. , Assalahi Hussein , Lhothali Areej , Albsisi Maram
Published: September 2023

This paper explores the literature on AWE feedback, particularly its perceived impact on enhancing EFL student writing proficiency. Prior research highlighted the contribution of AWE in fostering learner autonomy and alleviating teacher workloads, with a substantial focus on student engagement with AWE feedback. This review strives to illuminate these facets and offer critical insights on AWE effectiveness, feedback quality, reliability, and usefulness. Guided by the research questions, 16 studies were selected, adopting specific inclusion criteria to assess the effectiveness of AWE in enhancing EFL learner writing performance. Recommendations and implications from the reviewed articles regarding AWE implementation were synthesized and discussed. The review concludes that AWE can improve EFL student writing skills, with varying effectiveness based on student proficiency levels. AWE provides quality feedback and can be a reliable and valuable tool. However, despite its effectiveness, human intervention is essential to maximize its outcomes and mitigate limitations.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology and Network Technology in Multimedia Courseware Making Course Education
Authors: Zhang Rui
Published: September 2023

With the continuous advancement of curriculum reform, how to improve the classroom efficiency and optimize the learning classroom model has become a topic of increasing concern for scholars and teachers. With the development and popularization of computer network, distance education has been widely used. It is in this case that the resource library came into being, which provides rich resources for Liu Xiye to make multimedia courseware. The learning of courses plays a fundamental role in education, which is reflected in modern distance education, that is, how to make courseware better. At the same time, online courses are also getting more and more attention from people. Online educators have higher and higher requirements for the design of each part of online courses. How to design feedback in the learning of online courses is also a must for every designer. Based on artificial intelligence education courseware, this paper introduces some audio and video technologies used in making multimedia CAI (computer-assisted instruction) courseware.