bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histogram compensation algorithm for an efficient phase-only hologram calculation
Authors: Kim Yoo Kwang , Ryu Won Jong , Lee Jin Su , Won Yong Hyub
Published: December 2020

A fast computer-generated phase-only hologram (POH) calculation is needed to realize a holographic display. Existing iterative methods require many iterations and thus require speed improvement, and noniterative methods add constraints to the image, resulting in restrictions on quality or range of expression. In this paper, we propose an efficient iteration algorithm without using a feedback process. For the several initial iterations among the entire iteration process, the image constraint was replaced by a histogram adjusted image. This pre-iteration can compensate for the loss of bright and dark pixels in the image reconstructed by the POH, resulting in a more accurate POH. The quality of image reconstructed by the proposed method was compared with that of existing algorithms by computer simulation and optical regeneration. Compared to the previous method, a 1.17dB increase in peak signal-to-noise ratio was obtained, and the number of iterations to achieve the same image quality has been reduced by 23%. The proposed method hardly increased the amount of computation and could be used simultaneously with the existing feedback methods.
Single-crystal 3C-SiC-on-insulator platform for integrated quantum photonics
Authors: Wang Yanan , Lin Qiang , Feng Philip X.-L.
Published: December 2020

Photonic quantum information processing and communication demand highly integrated device platforms, which can offer high-fidelity control of quantum states and seamless interface with fiber-optic networks simultaneously. Exploiting the unique quantum emitter characteristics compatible with photonic transduction, combined with the outstanding nonlinear optical properties of silicon carbide (SiC), we propose and numerically investigate a single-crystal cubic SiC-on-insulator (3C-SiCOI) platform toward multi-functional integrated quantum photonic circuit. Benchmarking with the state-of-the-art demonstrations on individual components, we have systematically engineered and optimized device specifications and functions, including state control via cavity quantum electrodynamics and frequency conversion between quantum emission and telecommunication wavelengths, while also considering the manufacturing aspects. This work will provide concrete guidelines and quantitative design considerations for realizing future SiCOI integrated photonic circuitry toward quantum information applications.
Laser stabilization to a cryogenic fiber ring resonator
Authors: Merkel Benjamin , Repp Daniel , Reiserer Andreas
Published: December 2020

The frequency stability of lasers is limited by thermal noise in state-of-the-art frequency references. Further improvement requires operation at cryogenic temperature. In this context, we investigate a fiber-based ring resonator. Our system exhibits a first-order temperature-insensitive point around

3.55

K

, much lower than that of crystalline silicon. The observed low sensitivity with respect to vibrations (

<

5
⋅

10

−
11

m

−
1

s

2

), temperature (

−

22
(
1
)
⋅

10

−
9

K

−
2

), and pressure changes (

4.2
(
2
)
⋅

10

−
11

m
b
a
r

−
2

) makes our approach promising for future precision experiments.
Applying Tamm plasmon polaritons for determining the birefringence of a thin film
Authors: Lu Yan , Jeng Shie-Chang
Published: December 2020

The anisotropy of a thin film can be created by a wide variety of methods and it has found many applications. Liquid crystal (LC) molecules are aligned in a specific orientation on a rubbed polyimide film for conventional LC displays (LCDs). The rubbing process on the polyimide film controls the azimuthal and polar angles of the LCs, and it can cause physicochemical anisotropy on the polyimide film and produce the birefringence

Δ
n

in the azimuthal direction. Knowing the rubbing-induced optical axis of polyimide films is crucial for achieving optimum electro-optical properties of LCDs. The rubbing-induced

Δ
n

and the resolution less than 2 deg for determining the optical axis of the rubbed polyimide are obtained by applying Tamm plasmon polaritons in this Letter.
On the origin of photodarkening resistance in Yb-doped silica fibers with high aluminum concentration
Authors: Engholm Magnus , Tuggle Matthew , Kucera Courtney , Hawkins Thomas , Dragic Peter , Ballato John
Published: December 2020

Ytterbium (Yb) doped silica fibers are widely used in high power fiber lasers where co-doping the silica core material with other elements is pivotal for high efficiency, low detrimental effects, and reliable optical properties. Aluminum (Al) is one of the most preferred co-dopants, yet, purely Yb/Al-doped silica fibers suffer from relatively high levels of photodarkening (PD) when used in laser applications. A slightly improved PD-resistance has been reported for increasing Al-doping concentration. However, the source of this improved performance is still unknown. In this article, we present the origin of the improved PD-resistance observed in Yb-doped silica fibers with high Al-concentration. It is found that a high Al-co-doping concentration reduces the interaction strength between the Yb-ion and nearby oxygen ions, resulting in a significant PD-resistance with negligible induced loss in the entire visible spectral range. A negligible PD is observed even for significantly higher Yb-concentrations than commonly used in commercially available Yb-doped silica fibers.
Direct temporal mode measurement for the characterization of temporally multiplexed high dimensional entanglement
Authors: Ou Z. Y. , Huo Nan , Liu Yuhong , Li Jiamin , Cui Liang , Chen Xin , Li Xiaoying
Published: December 2020

We report a novel method that measures directly the exact form of temporal modes. We apply the method to a pulse-pumped parametric amplifier and demonstrate temporally multiplexed multi-dimensional continuous variables quantum entanglement in telecom band.
Microresonator Based Discrete- and Continuous-Variable Quantum Sources on Silicon-Nitride
Authors: Zhao Yun , Okawachi Yoshitomo , Kim Bok Young , Joshi Chaitali , Jang Jae K. , Farsi Alessandro , Ji Xingchen , Lipson Michal , Gaeta Alexander L.
Published: December 2020

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of correlated photon-pairs in the visible and of quadrature-squeezed states in silicon-nitride microresonators. These devices provide the primary quantum states for discrete- and continuous-variable quantum information processing.
Entanglement-Assisted Quantum-Secure Covert Communication
Authors: Bullock Michael S. , Gagatsos Christos N. , Guha Saikat , Bash Boulat A.
Published: December 2020

We report that shared entanglement improves the scaling law for quantum-secure covert communication over the thermal noise lossy bosonic channel and that our entanglement-assisted optical transceiver architecture captures this improvement.
Scalable interferometric receiver for photon-efficient quantum communication
Authors: Jachura Michał , Jarzyna Marcin , Pawłowski Marcin , Banaszek Konrad
Published: December 2020

We describe a modular design for an optical receiver implementing projective measurements on multiple logical qubits encoded in the temporal degree of freedom of a single photon. Application to satellite quantum key distribution is discussed.
Quantum Interconnect Technologies based on Epitaxial Rare-earth Doped Materials
Authors: Zhong Tian , Huang Yizhong , Wicker Christina , Fukumori Riku , Qiao Hong , Singh Manish
Published: December 2020

We develop a nanophotonic platform for quantum interconnect technologies based on epitaxial Er3+:Y2O3 thin films on silicon. Long-lived rare-earth qubits in suspended single crystal membranes and ultra-small heterostructure photonic cavities enable functional telecom quantum nodes. Comments and questions should be directed to Tian Zhong (e-mail: tzh@uchicago.edu).
Quantum-Enhanced Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes Using Quadrature Squeezing and Continuous-Variable Entanglement
Authors: Grace Michael R. , Gagatsos Christos N. , Zhuang Quntao , Guha Saikat
Published: December 2020

For fiber-optic g yroscope d esigns, w e a nalyze q uantum e nhancement from squeezed and CV-entangled probe states for rotation sensing. Under real practical constraints, quantum resources enable substantial variance suppression over classical sensors.
Real-Time Shaping of Entangled Photons by Classical Control and Feedback
Authors: Lib Ohad , Hasson Giora , Bromberg Yaron
Published: December 2020

We present a novel method for compensating scattering of entangled photons in real-time, by using feedback from the classical pump beam that stimulates their creation, paving the way for implementing wavefront shaping in quantum technologies.
Comparing Entanglement and Optical Nonclassicality of Bosonic States
Authors: Hertz Anaelle , Cerf Nicolas , de Bièvre Stephan
Published: December 2020

Entanglement, coherence and optical nonclassicality, all reveal the quantum nature of a state and can be viewed as a resource for quantum computing. We provide quantitative and computable bounds relating those quantities.
Single Ion Implanted Silicon Devices Towards Few Photons Emission Regime For Space Quantum Communications
Authors: Prati Enrico , Shinada Takahiro , Tanii Takashi
Published: December 2020

Employment of erbium in silicon devices suffers of difficulties preventing to act as reliable photon source. We review the convergence between single ion implantation and few photon emission regime at room temperature at 1550 nm.
New designs and noise channels in electro-optic microwave to optical up-conversion
Authors: Lambert Nicholas J. , Mobassem Sonia , Rueda Alfredo , Schwefel Harald G. L.
Published: December 2020

We discus noise channels in coherent electro-optic up-conversion between microwave and optical fields, in particular due to optical heating. We also report on a novel configuration, which promises to be flexible and highly efficient.
Amplifying Quantum States with a Superconducting Microstrip Kinetic Inductance Travelling Wave Amplifier
Authors: Goldstein Samuel , Kirsh Naftali , Svetitsky Elisha , Eliav Shimon , Katz Nadav
Published: December 2020

Superconducting quantum circuits, typically operated below -100dBm, require low-noise amplifiers with large dynamic range and wide bandwidth. Our microstrip kinetic inductance travelling wave parametric amplifier answers these requirements with up to 20 dB amplification.
Characterizing Quantum Detectors by Wigner Functions
Authors: Nehra Rajveer , Jacob Kevin Valson , Eaton Miller , Pfister Olivier
Published: December 2020

We propose a scheme for characterizing a photodetector by directly reconstructing the Wigner functions of the detector’s Positive-Operator-Valued Measure (POVM) elements, using displaced thermal mixtures as probes. We report our experimental progress on characterizing a superconducting transition-edge sensor.
Coincidence detection based quantum key distribution protocol
Authors: Biswas Ayan , Banerji Anindya , Lal Nijil , Chandravanshi Pooja , Kumar Rupesh , Singh R. P.
Published: December 2020

We exploit inherent randomness in photon number distribution of weak coherent pulses coupled with coincidence detection to perform quantum key distribution. This results in higher key rate over longer distance compared to decoy state protocol.
Controlling Atomic Qubits with Optical and Microwave Vortices
Authors: Afanasev Andrei
Published: December 2020

We predict behavior of atomic qubits in response to electromagnetic vortices, known as twisted photons: They can induce △m=±2 transitions between atomic levels and Zeeman sub-levels, while suppressing △m=±1 transitions only allowed for plane waves.
High-fidelity state preparation and measurement (SPAM) in a 3D neutral atom quantum computer
Authors: Giraldo Felipe , Wu Tsung-Yao , Du Peng , Kumar Aishwarya , Weiss David S.
Published: December 2020

We will report on our high-fidelity state preparation and measurement (SPAM) of neutral atom qubits in a 3D architecture. Using state-dependent lattices, we perform atom sorting, efficient (>97%) vibrational cooling and lossless state detection.
Frequency-Domain Quantum Interference with Correlated Photons from an Integrated Microresonator
Authors: Joshi Chaitali , Farsi Alessandro , Dutt Avik , Kim Bok Young , Ji Xingchen , Zhao Yun , Bishop Andrew , Lipson Michal , Gaeta Alexander
Published: December 2020

We report frequency-domain Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with correlated photons generated from a microresonator. We implement an active frequency beam splitter via Bragg-scattering four wave mixing and achieve interference visibilities of 0.95 ± 0.02
On the Direct Generation of Ion-Photon Entanglement at Telecom Wavelengths in 171Yb+
Authors: Wang Wance , Goham Connor , Laugharn Andrew , Britton Joseph W
Published: December 2020

We explore entanglement between 171Yb+ ion and photon polarization at 1350 and 1650 nm. A cavity-mediated Raman interaction increases IR photon generation and collection. Driving S-D quadrupole transition maps coherences to the long-lived qubit.
Monolithically integrated membrane-in-the-middle cavity optomechanical systems
Authors: Hornig Graham J. , Bu Lintong , DeCorby Ray G.
Published: December 2020

We describe a monolithic surface-micromachining process for embedding silicon nitride membranes inside Fabry-Perot cavities on a chip. Preliminary measurements of the mechanical resonance spectra are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Shared Measurement Node Placement in Continuous Variable Measurement Device Independent Quantum Networks
Authors: Tillman Ian J. , Rubenok Allison , Yu Jiakai , Guha Saikat , Kilper Daniel C.
Published: December 2020

Placement of the measurement nodes for CV MDI QKD is investigated in several network topologies. The feasible placement region and optimal positions for the measurement nodes are determined.
Decoding the neural dynamics of free choice in humans
Authors: Thiery Thomas , Saive Anne-Lise , Combrisson Etienne , Dehgan Arthur , Bastin Julien , Kahane Philippe , Berthoz Alain , Lachaux Jean-Philippe , Jerbi Karim
Published: December 2020

How do we choose a particular action among equally valid alternatives? Nonhuman primate findings have shown that decision-making implicates modulations in unit firing rates and local field potentials (LFPs) across frontal and parietal cortices. Yet the electrophysiological brain mechanisms that underlie free choice in humans remain ill defined. Here, we address this question using rare intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in surgical epilepsy patients performing a delayed oculomotor decision task. We find that the temporal dynamics of high-gamma (HG, 60–140 Hz) neural activity in distinct frontal and parietal brain areas robustly discriminate free choice from instructed saccade planning at the level of single trials. Classification analysis was applied to the LFP signals to isolate decision-related activity from sensory and motor planning processes. Compared with instructed saccades, free-choice trials exhibited delayed and longer-lasting HG activity during the delay period. The temporal dynamics of the decision-specific sustained HG activity indexed the unfolding of a deliberation process, rather than memory maintenance. Taken together, these findings provide the first direct electrophysiological evidence in humans for the role of sustained high-frequency neural activation in frontoparietal cortex in mediating the intrinsically driven process of freely choosing among competing behavioral alternatives.
Can the detection dog alert on COVID-19 positive persons by sniffing axillary sweat samples? A proof-of-concept study
Authors: Grandjean Dominique , Sarkis Riad , Lecoq-Julien Clothilde , Benard Aymeric , Roger Vinciane , Levesque Eric , Bernes-Luciani Eric , Maestracci Bruno , Morvan Pascal , Gully Eric , Berceau-Falancourt David , Haufstater Pierre , Herin Gregory , Cabrera Joaquin , Muzzin Quentin , Gallet Capucine , Bacqué Hélène , Broc Jean-Marie , Thomas Leo , Lichaa Anthony , Moujaes Georges , Saliba Michele , Kuhn Aurore , Galey Mathilde , Berthail Benoit , Lapeyre Lucien , Capelli Anthoni , Renault Steevens , Bachir Karim , Kovinger Anthony , Comas Eric , Stainmesse Aymeric , Etienne Erwan , Voeltzel Sébastien , Mansouri Sofiane , Berceau-Falancourt Marlène , Dami Aimé , Charlet Lary , Ruau Eric , Issa Mario , Grenet Carine , Billy Christophe , Tourtier Jean-Pierre , Desquilbet Loïc
Published: December 2020

The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate if trained dogs could discriminate between sweat samples from symptomatic COVID-19 positive individuals (SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive) and those from asymptomatic COVID-19 negative individuals. The study was conducted at 2 sites (Paris, France, and Beirut, Lebanon), followed the same training and testing protocols, and involved six detection dogs (three explosive detection dogs, one search and rescue dog, and two colon cancer detection dogs). A total of 177 individuals were recruited for the study (95 symptomatic COVID-19 positive and 82 asymptomatic COVID-19 negative individuals) from five hospitals, and one underarm sweat sample per individual was collected. The dog training sessions lasted between one and three weeks. Once trained, the dog had to mark the COVID-19 positive sample randomly placed behind one of three or four olfactory cones (the other cones contained at least one COVID-19 negative sample and between zero and two mocks). During the testing session, a COVID-19 positive sample could be used up to a maximum of three times for one dog. The dog and its handler were both blinded to the COVID-positive sample location. The success rate per dog (i.e., the number of correct indications divided by the number of trials) ranged from 76% to 100%. The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of the estimated success rate was most of the time higher than the success rate obtained by chance after removing the number of mocks from calculations. These results provide some evidence that detection dogs may be able to discriminate between sweat samples from symptomatic COVID-19 individuals and those from asymptomatic COVID-19 negative individuals. However, due to the limitations of this proof-of-concept study (including using some COVID-19 samples more than once and potential confounding biases), these results must be confirmed in validation studies.
Change of organizational newcomers’ unmet expectations: Does proactive coping matter?
Authors: Ślebarska Katarzyna , Soucek Roman
Published: December 2020

Unmet expectations are one of the major sources of strain for organizational newcomers. We explore the change of newcomers’ expectations over time and propose that proactive coping should restrict the amount of unmet expectations. We recruited participants among employees from newly opened retail stores (N= 172) and accompanied them for six months after organizational entry. The results revealed a change of unmet expectations over time. Though proactive coping was related to a lower amount of unmet expectations right after organizational entry, unmet expectations increased after six months, especially in case of high proactive coping.
Knowledge of prevention of COVID-19 among the general people in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study in Rajshahi district
Authors: Rana Md. Masud , Karim Md. Reazul , Wadood Md. Abdul , Kabir Md. Mahbubul , Alam Md. Mahidul , Yeasmin Farhana , Islam Md. Rafiqul
Published: December 2020

Background

Until now, no vaccine or effective drug is available for the control, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19. Preventive measures are the only ways to be protected from the disease and knowledge of the people about the preventive measures is a vital matter.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of the general people in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh regarding the COVID-19 preventive measures.

Methodology

This cross sectional study was conducted from March 10 to April 25, 2020. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire from 436 adult respondents selected by using a mixed sampling technique. Frequency analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression model were utilized in this study. SPSS (IBM, Version 22) was used for data analysis. 95% confidence interval and p-value = 0.05 were accepted for statistical significance.

Results

Only 21.6% of the respondents had good knowledge of the COVID-19 preventive measures. The highest 67.2% of them knew that washing hands with soap could prevent the disease, but contrarily, the highest 72.5% did not know that avoidance of touching mouth, nose, and eyes without washing hands was a preventive measure. Only 28.4% and 36.9% of the respondents knew that maintaining physical distancing and avoiding mass gatherings were measures of prevention of COVID-19 respectively. The younger age (≤25 years), low family income (≤15,000 Bangladeshi Taka (BDT), occupation others than business and service, and nuclear family had the lower odds of having no/less knowledge about the preventive measures.

Conclusions

The knowledge level of the general people regarding prevention of COVID-19 was alarmingly low in Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh, health policy makers and donor agencies should consider the findings and take immediate steps for improving knowledge of the public about prevention of the disease.
Support potential of elite civil universities for China’s space industry: Higher educational mobilization capacity for China’s space ambition
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Niu Wei
Published: December 2020

This study established a model to assess the capability of civil universities to support the development of China’s space industry. Using linear scaling, data from 41 elite universities were assessed for three dimensions: education, research, and culture. Differences among the indicators and their correlations were examined. A k-means algorithm was employed to classify universities into four clusters. According to the results, high support potential for the space industry is concentrated in certain universities. With the outcomes, the study also provides recommendations to guide space industry authorities and university leaders in policymaking. Further, the model can be used as a feasible, simple, and practical tool for similar studies.
Urinary tract infection in cancer patients and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Sime Wondewosen Tseagye , Biazin Habtamu , Zeleke Tamrat Abebe , Desalegn Zelalem
Published: December 2020

Background

Urinary tract infections are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. The emergence of multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infection has become a serious concern in cancer patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the spectrum and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates related to urinary tract infections among cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods and materials

Hospital based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for three months from January to March 2018 in tertiary care hospital located in the capital city of the country. Gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine specimens from hospitalized patients with cancer were characterized using standard microbiological methods. Modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique was applied for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in accordance with CLSI 2019 criteria.

Results

Of totally 292 urine samples tested, eighteen (6.3%) were culture positive cases, Escherichia coli (44.4%) was the highest proportion isolated uropathogen followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.2%) and Citrobacter diversus (16.7%). The antibiotic susceptibility results showed meropenem and nitrofurantoin as the most effective antibiotics for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Citrobacter diversus isolates. The rate of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were 33.3% (6/18), and meropenem and nitrofurantoin were the most effective antibiotic against MDR isolates.

Conclusion

The study findings showed a significant distribution of MDR gram-negative bacteria which may increase the burden of urinary tract associated infections in cancer patients. Carbapenem (meropenem) can be considered as effective agents to treat MDR cases in our region.
Safety evaluation of a β-mannanase enzyme preparation produced with Thermothelomyces thermophilus expressing a protein-engineered β-mannanase gene
Authors: Kern Andreas , Shanahan Diane , Buesen Roland , Geiger Dominik
Published: December 2020

Mannanase 19287 enzyme is an engineered β-mannanase that can be added to diets for animals raised for human consumption to hydrolyze β-mannans. Established toxicological analyses were conducted with the enzyme preparation to ensure the safety of this product for the intended use. The mannanase 19287 preparation was produced with Thermothelomyces thermophilus strain DSM 33149. In vitro toxicity studies presented here used dosages of the mannanase 19287 test articles up to 5000 μg/plate. For in vivo toxicity studies in Wistar rats, test articles were administered at 5.1 mg/L for inhalation toxicity and up to 15,000 mg/kg rat feed for oral toxicity, based on the Total Organic Solids (TOS) content in each test article. No treatment related adverse effects were reported in any study. The No Observed Adverse Effect Levels in the high dose group of the subchronic oral toxicity study were calculated as 1117–1298 mg TOS/kg bw/day in rats. Comparing these values to an Estimated Daily Intake for poultry demonstrated safety factors larger than 5000. Our results confirm that T. thermophilus fulfills the recognized safety criteria for the manufacture of food enzyme preparations and represent the first peer-reviewed safety evaluation of an enzyme preparation by T. thermophilus. The results of the toxicity studies presented herein attest to the safety of the mannanase 19287 enzyme for its intended use.
Effect of bosentan in pulmonary hypertension development in systemic sclerosis patients with digital ulcers
Authors: Castellví Ivan , Simeón Carmen Pilar , Sarmiento Monica , Casademont Jordi , Corominas Hèctor , Fonollosa Vicenç
Published: December 2020

Systemic sclerosis is a disease where microcirculation damage is critical in their beginning and vascular complications have similar pathogenic findings. Digital ulcers are a frequent complication in systemic sclerosis patients and pulmonary hypertension is one of the leading causes of death. The use of bosentan has been shown to be useful for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and to prevent new digital ulcers. However, is unknown if bosentan can prevent pulmonary hypertension. Our objective was to determine if bosentan is useful to prevent pulmonary hypertension in SSc patients. A retrospective study in 237 systemic sclerosis patients with digital ulcers history treated or not with bosentan to prevent it was made. We analyzed the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension defined by an echocardiogram pulmonary arterial pressure > 40 mmHg in the entire cohort. Demographic, clinical, and treatment variables were recorded for all patients. Statistical significance was denoted by p values < 0.05. Fifty-nine patients were treated with bosentan a median of 34 months. 13.8% of treated patients had pulmonary hypertension vs 23.7% of untreated patients (p 0.13) during the follow up. In multivariate analysis patients not treated with bosentan had 3.9fold-increased risk of pulmonary hypertension compared with patients under bosentan treatment (p < 0.02). Moreover the percentage carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) in bosentan treated patients did not decrease from baseline to the end of follow-up (61.8±14% vs 57±20.1%, p = 0.89). We concluded that Systemic sclerosis patients with digital ulcers treated with bosentan seems to have less risk to develop pulmonary hypertension and to stabilize DLCO
Maturation process and international accreditation of trauma system in a rapidly developing country
Authors: El-Menyar Ayman , Mekkodathil Ahammad , Asim Mohammad , Consunji Rafael , Strandvik Gustav , Peralta Ruben , Rizoli Sandro , Abdelrahman Husham , Mollazehi Monira , Parchani Ashok , Al-Thani Hassan
Published: December 2020

Background

As trauma systems mature, they are expected to improve patient care, reduce in-hospital complications and optimize outcomes. Qatar has a single trauma center, at the Hamad General Hospital, which serves as the hub for the trauma system that was verified as a level 1 trauma system by the Accreditation Canada International Distinction program in 2014. We hypothesized that this international accreditation was a major step, in the maturation process of the Qatar trauma system, that has positively impacted patient care, reduced complications and improved outcomes of trauma patients in such a rapidly developing country.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of data was conducted for all trauma patients who were admitted between 2010 and 2018. Data were obtained from the level 1 trauma center registry at Hamad Medical Corporation. Patients were divided into Group 1- pre-accreditation (admitted from January 2010 to October 2014) and Group 2- post-accreditation (admitted from November 2014 to December 2018). Patients’ characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were analyzed and compared. Data included patients’ demographics; injury types, mechanism and injury severity scores, interventions, hospital stay, complications and mortality (pre-hospital and in-hospital). Time series analysis for mortality was performed using expert modeler.

Results

Data from a total of 15,864 patients was collected and analyzed. Group 2 patients had more severe injuries in comparison to Group 1 (p<0.05). However, Group 2, had a lower complication rate (ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)) and a shorter mean hospital length of stay (p<0.05). The overall mortality was 8%. In Group 2; the pre-hospital mortality was higher (52% vs. 41%, p = 0.001), while in-hospital mortality was lower (48% vs. 59%) compared to Group 1 (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

The international recognition and accreditation of the trauma center in 2014 was the key factor in the maturation of the trauma system that improved the in-hospital outcomes. Accreditation also brought other benefits including a reduction in VAP and hospital length of stay. However, further studies are required to explore the maturation process of all individual components of the trauma system including the prehospital setting.
Efficacy and harms of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Piscoya Alejandro , Ng-Sueng Luis F. , Parra del Riego Angela , Cerna-Viacava Renato , Pasupuleti Vinay , Roman Yuani M. , Thota Priyaleela , White C. Michael , Hernandez Adrian V.
Published: December 2020

Background

Efficacy and safety of treatments for hospitalized COVID-19 are uncertain. We systematically reviewed efficacy and safety of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19.

Methods

Studies evaluating remdesivir in adults with hospitalized COVID-19 were searched in several engines until August 21, 2020. Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, clinical improvement or recovery, need for invasive ventilation, and serious adverse events (SAEs). Inverse variance random effects meta-analyses were performed.

Results

We included four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 2296) [two vs. placebo (n = 1299) and two comparing 5-day vs. 10-day regimens (n = 997)], and two case series (n = 88). Studies used intravenous remdesivir 200mg the first day and 100mg for four or nine more days. One RCT (n = 236) was stopped early due to AEs; the other three RCTs reported outcomes between 11 and 15 days. Time to recovery was decreased by 4 days with remdesivir vs. placebo in one RCT (n = 1063), and by 0.8 days with 5-days vs. 10-days of therapy in another RCT (n = 397). Clinical improvement was better for 5-days regimen vs. standard of care in one RCT (n = 600). Remdesivir did not decrease all-cause mortality (RR 0.71, 95%CI 0.39 to 1.28, I2 = 43%) and need for invasive ventilation (RR 0.57, 95%CI 0.23 to 1.42, I2 = 60%) vs. placebo at 14 days but had fewer SAEs; 5-day decreased need for invasive ventilation and SAEs vs. 10-day in one RCT (n = 397). No differences in all-cause mortality or SAEs were seen among 5-day, 10-day and standard of care. There were some concerns of bias to high risk of bias in RCTs. Heterogeneity between studies could be due to different severities of disease, days of therapy before outcome determination, and how ordinal data was analyzed.

Conclusions

There is paucity of adequately powered and fully reported RCTs evaluating effects of remdesivir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Until stronger evidence emerges, we cannot conclude that remdesivir is efficacious for treating COVID-19.
Epidemiological profile of SARS-CoV-2 among selected regions in Ghana: A cross-sectional retrospective study
Authors: Owusu Michael , Sylverken Augustina Angelina , Ankrah Sampson Twumasi , El-Duah Philip , Ayisi-Boateng Nana Kwame , Yeboah Richmond , Gorman Richmond , Asamoah Jesse , Binger Tabea , Acheampong Godfred , Bekoe Franklin Asiedu , Ohene Sally-Ann , Larsen-Reindorf Rita , Awuah Anthony Afum-Adjei , Amuasi John , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Adu-Sarkodie Yaw , Phillips Richard Odame
Published: December 2020

Background

Global cases of COVID-19 continue to rise, causing havoc to several economies. So far, Ghana has recorded 48,643 confirmed cases with 320 associated deaths. Although summaries of data are usually provided by the Ministry of Health, detailed epidemiological profile of cases are limited. This study sought to describe the socio-demographic features, pattern of COVID-19 spread and the viral load dynamics among subjects residing in northern, middle and part of the southern belt of Ghana.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional retrospective study that reviewed records of samples collected from February to July, 2020. Respiratory specimens such as sputum, deep-cough saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from suspected COVID-19 subjects in 12 regions of Ghana for laboratory analysis and confirmation by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results

A total of 72,434 samples were collected during the review period, with majority of the sampled individuals being females (37,464; 51.9%). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 identified in the study population was 13.2% [95%CI: 12.9, 13.4). Males were mostly infected (4,897; 51.5%) compared to females. Individuals between the ages 21–30 years recorded the highest number of infections (3,144, 33.4%). Symptomatic subjects had higher viral loads (1479.7 copies/μl; IQR = 40.6–178919) than asymptomatic subjects (49.9; IQR = 5.5–3641.6). There was significant association between gender or age and infection with SARS-CoV-2 (p<0.05). Among all the suspected clinical presentations, anosmia was the strongest predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Adj. OR (95%CI): 24.39 (20.18, 29.49). We observed an average reproductive number of 1.36 with a minimum of 1.28 and maximum of 1.43. The virus trajectory shows a gradual reduction of the virus reproductive number.

Conclusion

This study has described the epidemiological profile of COVID-19 cases in northern, middle and part of the southern belt of Ghana, with males and younger individuals at greater risk of contracting the disease. Health professionals should be conscious of individuals presenting with anosmia since this was seen as the strongest predictor of virus infection.
Reduction of free polysaccharide contamination in the production of a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Authors: Whang Yoon Hee , Kim Soo Kyung , Yoon Hyeseon , Choi Seuk Keun , Baik Yeong Ok , Lee Chankyu , Lee Inhwan
Published: December 2020

Glycoconjugate vaccines are vaccines in which a bacterial polysaccharide antigen is conjugated to a carrier protein to enhance immunogenicity by promoting T cell-dependent immune response. However, the free (unreacted) polysaccharides remaining after the conjugation process can inhibit the immunogenicity of a conjugate vaccine. Thus, we aimed to reduce the unbound free polysaccharides in the polysaccharide-protein conjugation process for the development of a new 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) by varying some factors that may affect the conjugation results such as polysaccharide/protein ratio, polysaccharide size, and concentration of a coupling agent in a conjugation reaction mixture. Concentrations of a coupling agent, carbodiimide (EDAC), and a carrier protein (CRM197) used in PCV15 production, during the conjugation process, had little effect on the content of free polysaccharides. However, the size of the polysaccharide was identified as the critical factor to control the free polysaccharide content, with an inverse relationship observed between the molecular weight of the polysaccharide and the residual free polysaccharide content after conjugation. Based on these results, a new PCV15 with low free polysaccharide contamination was produced and tested for immunogenicity using a rabbit model to show that it induces similar level of immune responses in rabbits compared to a comparator vaccine Prevnar13®.
Heliodoro de Alejandría y el Comentario Anónimo al Tetrabiblos de Tolomeo
Authors: Caballero Sánchez Raúl
Published: December 2020

El Comentario Anónimo al Tetrabiblos de Tolomeo (Anon. in Ptol.) contiene un horóscopo (Wolf, p. 98) que puede datarse el 25 de junio de 448, en el bajo Egipto. Otras noticias de carácter astronómico ofrecidas por el maestro del comentarista anónimo en el escolio a Ptol. Tetr. 2.10 (p. 76, ll. 16-29 Wolf) permiten fijar la composición de Anon. in Ptol. entre 467 y 575ca. Por otro lado, esta datación entre los siglos V-VI, así como la localización del horóscopo a mitad del s. V en Alejandría y su entorno, son congruentes con los estrechos paralelismos estilísticos y estructurales que cualquier lector de Anon. in Ptol. puede percibir entre esta obra y los comentarios a Platón y Aristóteles compuestos por Amonio y sus discípulos en la escuela neoplatónica de Alejandría desde 470ca. hasta 570ca. En este artículo, presentamos varios indicios que apuntan con verosimilitud a la hipótesis de que el maestro del comentarista anónimo, cuyo relato en el libro 2 nos ha permitido establecer la cronología de Anon. in Ptol., no sea sino Heliodoro de Alejandría, hermano menor del filósofo neoplatónico Amonio.
Aristotle and Ricœur on Practical Reason
Authors: Marcelo Gonçalo
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes the Aristotelian notion of phronesis, such as it appears in Book VI of the Nichomachean Ethics, detailing what sort of model to grasp practical reason it entails: a practical wisdom. Setting it against the backdrop of a reflection on the prevalent uses and meanings of reason today, and the consequence these views have for a depiction of selfhood and human action, the paper shows how, amid the contemporary revival of Aristotelian practical philosophy, Paul Ricœur updates this phronetic model in Oneself as Another. The paper discusses the implications of such a thick account of selfhood and human action, such as it being a potential key to overcome some difficulties caused by Kantian moral philosophy, while it also calls, with and beyond Ricœur, for a refinement of the phronetic model by taking into account not only its thick intersubjective grounding but also the limits to rationality and the need to take the plurality of life forms that can count as being examples of a ‘life worth living’ (a good life).
Sero-epidemiological study on Dengue fever virus in humans and camels at Upper Egypt
Authors: Hussen Mostafa Osman , Sayed Amal S. M. , Abushahba Mostafa F. N.
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim: Dengue fever (DF) is an important mosquito-borne viral zoonosis affecting over 100 countries worldwide and putting about 3.9 billion people at risk of infection. The disease has re-emerged in Egypt since 2011; however, there is a paucity of recent epidemiological data available. Therefore, in this study, we employed a cross-sectional study to determine DF prevalence in humans and camels in Asyut and Sohag Governorates, Egypt, during 2019. Materials and Methods: A total of 91 humans and a similar number of dromedary camels were utilized in this study. Sera were obtained and analyzed for the presence of specific antibodies against DF virus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Related epidemiological data affecting the disease spread in humans and camels were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The seroprevalence of DF in humans and camels was 12.09% and 3.3%, respectively. The disease varied significantly by the species examined as humans were found to be at a higher risk of acquiring the infection compared to camels. Nearly equal odds of exposure (odds ratio [OR]) were seen in the individuals with close contact with camels compared to those without; however, individuals exposed to mosquitoes were at approximately 3 times higher risk of infection (OR=2.95 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-11.93]) compared to individuals who were not exposed to mosquitoes (OR=0.033 [95% CI, 0.084-1.37]). Interestingly, DF seropositivity in camels was significantly related to the presence or absence of symptoms within 2 weeks before sampling (p=0.02) where symptomatic animals had higher odds of exposure (OR=19.51 [95%, 0.97- 392.3]) compared to asymptomatic ones (OR=0.05 [95%, 0.002-1.03]). Conclusion: The current study reports the presence of specific antibodies against dengue virus (DENV) in humans residing within Asyut and Sohag Governorates, Egypt. Furthermore, it provides the first serological evidence of DENV circulation in camels which is alarming. A more comprehensive study is needed; however, this baseline investigation underscores the urgent need for increasing awareness among people residing in the area as well as application of the appropriate mosquito control measures to avoid further spread of the disease.
Investigation of Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) based NO2 Sensing
Response using Low-Cost Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Balanagireddy G. , Narayana Ashwath , Roopa M.
Published: December 2020

A low-cost and green-synthesized zinc oxide nanostructured particles are extensively studied owing
to their remarkable and ample characteristics with less toxicity and eco-friendly approach. The present
work comprehends the green synthesis of ZnO nanostructured particles using bougainvillea leaf
extract-arbitrated microwave-assisted synthesis and their use in field effect transistor for nitrogen
dioxide sensing at room temperature. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using
analytical techniques; XRD determined the pure crystallite structure with no impurities, SEM confirmed
the spherical shape of nanoparticles with ~20 nm (average particle size) and the atomic weight
percentage were analyzed using EDAX, notable photophysical properties were revealed from absorption
and emission spectra performed using UV-visible spectroscopy. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and ZnO
nanoparticles were employed in the field effect transistor (p-type) for NO2 sensing at room temperature
with the mobility (field-effect) of ~10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1. The sensitivity of the fabricated OFET device was
extracted from the transistor characteristics (at Vgs = -30 V and Vds = -40 V) found to be ~4.8 × 10-3
nA/ppm. The device exhibited engrossing characteristics such as excellent recoverability (> 95%),
with ultrafast response time (< 30 s) and greater sensitivity with high stability as can be assessed from
the electrical characteristics.
A Simple and Convenient Method for Synthesis of
Artemisinin Dimer through Aliphatic Nitro Compounds
Authors: Srivastava Nitin , Rathore B.K. , Vishnoi R.K. , Bajpai Sangeeta
Published: December 2020

A simple way of synthesis of artemisinin dimer using nitro aliphatic compounds is reported. Herein,
few artemisinin monomers and dimers have been synthesized with the help of linker nitroalkanes
using iron catalyst supported on polymer (Fe/SBA-15). The synthesized artemisinin shows good
anticancer and antimalarial activities
Amino Acid, Phytochemical Compositions and Antioxidant
Activity of Inky Cap Mushroom (Coprinus radiata)
Authors: Somdee Thidarat , Kraiklang Rattaphol , Mahaweerawat Chatchada , Yangyuen Suneerat , Mahaweerawat Udomsak , Chumroenphat Theeraphan , Somdee Theerasak
Published: December 2020

Evaluation of the amino acid composition, phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of
Coprinus radiata mushrooms was conducted. Free amino acid composition of fresh mushrooms was
analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The phytochemical properties analysis included total phenolic compound
content and total flavonoid content of these mushrooms. Furthermore, antioxidant activity assays
were performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power
(FRAP). Based on the results shown that a high concentration of non-essential amino acids, especially
those of arginine and glutamic acid, were observed. However, isoleucine and leucine were major
essential amino acids in these mushrooms. The ethanolic extract of C. radiata showed higher
phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity than those of the water extract. It suggested that the
C. radiata is a natural source containing some essential amino acids, a high amount of phytochemical
properties and high antioxidant activity, potentially having medicinal and nutritional properties that
provide health benefits.
Glow Discharge Plasma as a Cause of Changes in Aqueous Solutions:
The Mass Spectrometry Study of Solvation Processes of Ions
Authors: Yelkin Igor , Reszke Edward , Schroeder Grzegorz
Published: December 2020

A new apparatus for inducing changes in the properties of water in closed dielectric vessel by subjecting
it to pulsed direct current glow discharge plasma is designed and constructed. It has been hypothesized
that the action of plasma on the structure of water consists in resonance excitation of water aggregates.
As a result of resonance excitation, aggregates of high molar masses are broken down into low molecular
mass aggregates. Analysis of the ESI MS spectra revealed that in all tested aqueous solutions after
exposure to plasma, the concentration of low-molecular solvated ions [M(H2O)]+ and [M(H2O)2]+
significantly increased, while the concentration of the ions of high molecular masses [M(H2O)6-10]+
solvated by water aggregates decreased, relative to their concentrations in the water solutions not
subjected to plasma irradiation. According to our measurements also a significant change in pH occurs.
The presented results clearly show that it is possible to process a liquid that changes its structure
without involving high processing energy and, unexpectedly, the obtained change of parameters is
significant and stable over time.
Material Culture, Indigeneity, and Temporality: The Textile as Legal Subject
Authors: Chacón Gloria E.
Published: December 2020

Anthropological and ethnographic scholarship examining textiles in Mesoamerica has traditionally focused on gender, cultural continuity, space/place, its semiotics, and its reproduction of the universe. Literary studies approaches interpret this corpus as another form of literacy, discourse, and ontologies. Recently in Indigenous movements, weaving and textiles have acquired a more politicized edge. In 2019, the question of textiles inspired a flurry of discussions around intellectual property, and, especially, copyrights. This article examines the epistemological divides between authorship and weaving, commons and community, temporality and ancestors and how decolonizing the tenets of intellectual property law may help protect indigenous weavings.