bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explicating the fertilizer potential of anaerobic digestate on soil quality and growth performances of Solanum lycopersicum var. Kashi Aman
Authors: Singh Rajeev Pratap , Gautam Meenu , Vaish Barkha , Suhani Ibha , Srivast Vaibhav
Published: August 2024

Application of anaerobic digestates (ADg(s)) from organic wastes as bio-fertilizer in agricultural field is economically viable and environmentally sustainable alternative. The study aimed to utilize ADg(s) (25, 50, 75 and 100% w/w) from the organic proportion of flower-waste (FW), sewage-sludge (SS) and municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) as soil amendment to investigate soil nutrient status and growth performances of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. Kashi Aman). Organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, exchangeable Na, K and Ca ions, and enzymatic activities were increased with increase in ADg(s) amendment in soil with relatively higher increase under OFMSW amendment. Metal contents in the soil amended with ADg(s) were in the order, Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd and their contents increased with increasing OFMSW, SS and FW. Plant biomass and fruit-yield were higher under all ADg(s) amendments compared to the control, with maximum yield under 100% SS. Contents of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr and Pb in the entire plant were positively correlated with the yield under all ADg(s) amendments. Based on translocation and bioconcentration factors, tomato was found to be efficient in accumulation of metals except Cd. Content of Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd in the fruit were though below FAO/WHO limit, but Fe, Cr and Pb contents were above the limit. Hence, utilization of ADg(s) from OFMSW, SS and FW as fertilizer although improved the soil fertility and tomato yield, but due to high contents of Fe, Cr and Pb in the fruit, cultivation of tomato is not suggested.
Evaluating The Adverse Health Effects of Herbal Medicine on Swiss Albino Mice: A Comprehensive Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Analysis
Authors: Alom Md. Murshid , Zamir Md. Rausan , Islam Ariful , Islam Nazmul , Khalekuzzaman Md. , Zaman Rashed , Islam Md. Asadul
Published: August 2024

Herbal medicine (HM) has been utilized extensively to a wide range of illnesses for thousands of years and has significantly contributed to the health of human beings. The harmful health consequences or degree of toxicity of herbal medication are not demonstrated according to testing, manufacturing, and labeling standards of Food and Drug Administration. The aim of the study was to investigate the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of herbal medicine - Amlasia: a well‑known Hamdard herbal formulation – on swiss albino mice. For fourteen days straight, the Amlasia solution was administered orally at two separate dosages (0.5 ml per kg and 2.5 ml per kg body weight). Paracetamol was employed for a single lethal dosage of hepato-renal toxicity and allopathic medications Maxpro were utilized as standard. Enzyme levels such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride, total protein (TP), bilirubin, albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and urea were measured in order to evaluate liver and kidney impairment. Besides, oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, catalase activity) were assessed and finally, cellular toxicity level was evaluated through histopathology analysis. The outcomes for the parameters measuring liver and kidney function showed that, enzyme levels did not significantly change after Amlasia treatment. Moreover, the oxidative stress markers also indicate the non-significant difference as compared with saline control group. Finally, the histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney samples revealed normal cellular levels according to microscopic evaluation. The investigated herbal medicine did not cause hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic disorders in the experimented animals, according to biochemical parameter, oxidative stress marker and histological examination. It was concluded that, the investigated herbal medicine was therefore found to be pharmacologically safe.
Electrical and thermoelectrical conductivity of sprayed Mg x Co 3-x O 4 thin films
Authors: Soussi L. , Louardi C. , Garmim T. , Benaissa N. , Bouzidi M. , Zahot O. , Bachiri A. El , Louardi A. , ElJouad Z. , Erguig H.
Published: August 2024

The effect of Mg substitution on the structural, morphological and electrical properties of sprayed magnesium cobalt oxide (MgxCo3-xO4) thin films (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been studed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compositional analysis with EDS technique and four probe method for the electric conductivity measurements. XRD evaluation exhibits that MgxCo3-xO4 thin films are polycrystalline with spinel cubic structure. The EDS study confirms the presence of Mg and Co in the substituted films with the same concentrations as in the starting solution confirming the formation of MgxCo3-xO4 thin films. The effect of temperature on the dc conductivity reveals that the electrical transport mechanism in MgxCo3-xO4 thin films is based on the three-dimensional Mott’s variable-range hopping model. The density of states, the hopping distance, and the hopping energy have been successfully evaluated.
Climate change compromises leaf units and lignin content in sun-tolerant Paubrasilia echinata plants
Authors: Cuzzuol Geraldo Rogério Faustini , Venâncio Felipe Cassa Duarte , Pezzopane José Eduardo Macedo , Toledo João Vitor
Published: August 2024

It is of great global interest how shade-tolerant and sun-tolerant species will respond to the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios of climate change predicted by the end of the 21st century. To elucidate this question, we used young plants of the shade- and sun-tolerant ecotypes of Paubrasilia echinata, a tree native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Plants were grown in three climate scenario simulations: current Atlantic Forest for the southeast region of Brazil (CAF); average temperature of CAF + 2.0 ºC and 580 ppm CO2 (RCP 4.5); and average temperature of CAF + 3.5 °C and 936 ppm CO2 (RCP 8.5). Two substrate moisture conditions were established for each scenario: 40 (water deficit) and 80% (control). After 90 days of cultivation in these microclimatic conditions, we carried out growth analyses (survival, number of folioles and foliolules of their compound leaves and increase in stem elongation), non-structural carbohydrate content (sugars and starch) and cell wall polymer content (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). The pessimistic climate scenario (RCP 8.5 + water deficit) inhibited photosynthesizing leaf area production (number of folioles/foliolules) of the shade-tolerant ecotype more, but without affecting survival. In this climate scenario, the shade-tolerant ecotype showed a greater capacity to accumulate sugars than the other ecotype. Also in the pessimistic climate scenario, the shade-tolerant ecotype accumulated more of this polysaccharide in the stem, while in the sun-tolerant ecotype this occurred in the root. This scenario increased the cellulose content of both ecotypes to the detriment of the lignin content of the sun-tolerant ecotype. We conclude that the rise in CO2, temperature and DPV along with low precipitation in RCP 8.5 predicted for the southeastern region of Brazil by the end of this century may compromise more the photosynthesizing leaf area production of the shade-tolerant ecotype and the wood quality of the sun-tolerant ecotype of P. echinata. However, this does not threat their survival.
O-Ring Shaped Multiresonant Wavelength Selective Plasmonic Nanoemitter Compatible with Thermal Management
Authors: Demir Ahmet , Tabaru Timuçin Emre
Published: August 2024

In our study, a new Metal-Insulator-Metal-Insulator (MIMI) metamaterial design was made to achieve selective infrared absorption consisting of layers arranged in the form of a metal-insulator (Ag-ITO) O-Ring shaped on a planar metal-insulator (Ag-Si) metasurface. The proposed metamaterial design has been studied for the spectral region between infrared wavelengths 800 and 12000 nm. Spectral features were analyzed using finite difference time domain (FDTD) software. This design maintains low emission in atmospheric windows in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) range. However, the MIMI structure obtained two broadband absorption peaks in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) and non-conducted infrared (NTIR) regions, which perfectly match the thermal camouflage and radiative cooling windows. Moreover, the proposed structure is polarization insensitive as it has an in-plane symmetrical design. The optical performance of the structure was optimized using numerical simulation techniques. The impedance values ​​of the nanostructure and air were compared. It was shown that they provide excellent compatibility and that the average absorption values ​​are very close to the desired value in the MWIR and LWIR regions. The designed structure offers an adjustable and highly efficient solution to manage thermal emissions in various applications and is an important innovation in the field of privacy technology.
Multivariate Time Series Analysis of Industry Development Indicators in Ethiopia
Authors: Dagnew Getachew Abate , Abate Ashenafi , Lakew Demeke , Beletew Demsew
Published: August 2024

Background
Industry development indicators are metrics that are used to evaluate an industry's growth and performance. This study's primary goal was to evaluate the relationship among Ethiopia's industry development indicators using a multivariate time series model based on World Bank data covering the years 1982–2021.
Method
Annual data covering the years 1982–2021 were used in a time series approach. A vector auto-regressive model was performed for interdependency modeling. Certain elements of the relationships between the variables of interest are frequently analyzed using structural vector autoregressive techniques.
Results
The results of the vector autoregressive model indicated that the current industry growth is positively related to one period lagged value of itself, industry GDP and manufacturing exports. And also, there exists a positive relationship between manufacturing exports and the first lag of itself, industry growth and manufacturing GDP. For a 1% increase in manufacturing exports, the industry growth rate increased by 0.37% in natural logarithms on average, ceteris paribus.
Conclusion
The current manufacturing growth of Ethiopia is significantly affected by the first lag of industry growth, industry GDP, manufacturing exports, and manufacturing GDP. And also, there is a unidirectional causality from industry growth to industry GDP, industry growth to manufacturing growth, manufacturing exports to industry growth, manufacturing exports to industry GDP, manufacturing growth to industry GDP, manufacturing exports to manufacturing growth, and manufacturing GDP to manufacturing growth in the short run.
A lightweight YOLOv8 algorithm for real-time flame detection in fire
Authors: Duan Shichen , Zhou Jun , Liu Chaofeng
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a real-time lightweight fire flame detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv8n to promptly assess fire situations and minimize losses. The algorithm is integrated into an automated water cannon system to aid firefighting efforts. The optimization focuses on the YOLOv8n backbone, where the Bottleneck in the C2f module is replaced with FasterNet Block and EMA attention is proposed. This enhances the network's ability to capture fire features in various scenarios, improving accuracy in recognizing flames. Additionally, a lightweight Slim-Neck structure reduces computational complexity and parameters, suitable for embedded deployment. The Wise-Shape-FocalerIoU loss function further accelerates convergence. Experiments show the improved algorithm increased the precision rate by 1.2%, the mAP50 reached 99.2%, and the recall rate increased by 3.4%. Meanwhile, the amount of parameters is reduced by 19% and the GFLOPs are reduced by 1.8. This algorithm achieves lightweight processing while maintaining accuracy, providing strong technical support for fire safety.
Exploration of impact of ammonia concentration on the surface morphology, optical and wettability performance of SiO2 thin film
Authors: Pradhan Krishnapriya , Badapanda Tanmay , Ray Jasashree , Ghosh Surya Prakash
Published: August 2024

An effective sol-gel technique that yields conformal coatings with amorphous silica (SiO2) is the Stöber method. In the present manuscript, we have synthesis SiO2 thin film using the solgel-based Stober method and deposited on glass substrates by spin coating technique. We have examined the impact of ammonia concentration during the synthesis process of silica thin films on the structural, morphological, optical, and wetting characteristics. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of amorphous silica phase for all thin film samples. Elemental analysis illustrated the presence of Si and O element in the sample without any impurity. Moreover, the average diameter of silica nanoparticles has been obtained by utilizing Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The variation of optical bandgap of silica thin films prepared at different ammonia concentration was investigated via UV-Vis spectrum. The wetting properties of silica thin films have been studied from the contact angle measurement concerning to variation in ammonia concentration.
Large-scale sparse signal recovery by modified HS conjugate gradient method
Authors: Li Shuang'an , Chen Fenghua
Published: August 2024

The \({\ell _1}\) regularization based methods for sparse signal reconstruction is a topic of considerable interest recently,which is widely employed in basis pursuit denoising, compressed sensing and other related fields.These problems can be cast as \({\ell _1}\)-regularized least-squares programs (LSPs).But it is challenging due to the non-smoothness of the regularization.Inspired by Nesterov's smoothing technique, we smoothed the regularization term.Hence this paper proposed a new modified HS conjugate gradient algorithm for solving common recovery problems in signal processing.Numerical experiment shows that our algorithm is effective and suitable for solving large-scale sparse signal recovery problems. CCS CONCEPTS Mathematics of computing ~ Mathematical analysis ~ Mathematical optimization
Intracranial Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in a Recently Recovered Monkeypox Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Stev Edward
Published: August 2024

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a compensatory response wherein blood cell production occurs outside the bone marrow, typically as a result of hematologic disorders that impair bone marrow function. Conditions such as myelofibrosis, thalassemia, and sickle cell disease often lead to EMH in organs like the liver and spleen, which serve as alternative sites for hematopoiesis. This case report highlights the importance of considering EMH in the differential diagnosis of intracranial lesions, exemplified by a 67-year-old woman who presented with headaches and generalized malaise. Her medical history included hypertension and mild anemia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cystic mass in the right inferomedial parietal lobe, which showed medial mural enhancement, edema, and mass effect, with an additional enhancing focus in the left parietal lobe. Initially suspected to be a hemangioblastoma, the resected mass was found to be a benign vascular lesion with endothelial hyperplasia, but without the characteristics of cavernous hemangioma or vascular malformation. The histopathological examination revealed foci of erythroid and myeloid precursors, and megakaryocytes, with immunohistochemical staining confirming the diagnosis of EMH. Subsequent investigations revealed no underlying hematological disorders, leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial EMH. The patient underwent intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for the remaining lesion and showed significant improvement in symptoms at three months follow-up. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges associated with intracranial lesions and highlights the necessity of considering EMH, particularly when faced with atypical imaging and histopathological features. Future research is needed to optimize therapeutic strategies and assess long-term outcomes for intracranial EMH.
Trilaterales Gas-Solidaritätsabkommen zwischen Deutschland, Italien und der Schweiz
Authors: Jauslin Carl
Published: August 2024

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich dem trilateralen Gas-Solidaritätsabkommen, das am 19. März 2024 von Deutschland, Italien und der Schweiz unterzeichnet wurde. Das Gas-Solidaritätsabkommen zur Gewährleistung der Versorgungssicherheit in Notfällen aktiviert den primärrechtlichen Grundsatz der Energiesolidarität in der EU gemäss Art. 194 Abs. 1 AEUV, der im unionsrechtlichen Sekundärrecht in Art. 13 der EU-Verordnung 2017/1938 für den Gasbereich konkretisiert wurde. Im Fokus steht dabei die Tatsache, dass es sich beim Solidaritätsabkommen zwischen Deutschland, Italien und der Schweiz um das erste trilaterale Gas-Solidaritätsabkommen handelt und um das erste Abkommen, das mit der Schweiz einen Drittstaat als Vertragspartei hat.
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Cet article traite de l'accord tripartite de solidarité sur le gaz signé le 19 mars 2024 par l'Allemagne, l'Italie et la Suisse. Cet accord pour assurer l'approvisionnement en cas d'urgence met en œuvre le principe de solidarité énergétique de l'UE, inscrit à l'article 194, paragraphe 1 du TFUE, et concrétisé dans le droit secondaire de l'Union à l'article 13 du Règlement (UE) 2017/1938 concernant le secteur du gaz. Il est souligné que cet accord est le premier de ce type à être conclu entre trois pays, et le premier à inclure la Suisse en tant que pays tiers.
Um еstudo sobrе а formаção continuаdа dе profеssorеs como instrumеnto dе rеssignificаção dа práticа pеdаgógicа
Authors: Barros Mauricio Pereira , Silva Maria Oneide Lino da , Chаrlot Vеlеidа Аnаhi Cаpuа dа Silvа
Published: August 2024

А prеsеntе propostа objеtivа umа rеflеxão sobrе а formаção continuаdа е suаs rеpеrcussõеs nа práticа pеdаgógicа pаrа а rеssignificаção dе umа políticа еducаtivа еm umа pеrspеctivа contеmporânеа. А formаção continuаdа é indispеnsávеl pаrа quе аs instituiçõеs dе еnsino е еquipеs dе еducаção аcompаnhеm еssаs novidаdеs е consigаm еvoluir е proporcionаr umа еducаção аindа mаis quаlificаdа е complеtа аos аlunos, promovеndo impаctos positivos еm todа а comunidаdе еscolаr. Utilizа como rеfеrеnciаl tеórico-mеtodológico o mаtеriаlismo histórico-diаlético. Pаrа dеsеnvolvimеnto do еstudo аdotou-sе umа аbordаgеm quаlitаtivа com bаsе nа pеsquisа bibliográficа е documеntаl sobrе аs concеpçõеs dе formаção no contеxto dаs políticаs еducаcionаis contеmporânеаs. É mistеr quе а еducаção continuаdа contribui dе formа significаtivа pаrа o dеsеnvolvimеnto do conhеcimеnto profissionаl do profеssor, cujo objеtivo еntrе outros, é fаcilitаr аs cаpаcidаdеs rеflеxivаs sobrе а própriа práticа docеntе еlеvаndo-а а umа consciênciа colеtivа. Como rеsultаdos conclui-sе quе а formаção continuаdа dе profеssorеs criа possibilidаdеs dе rеssignificаção dа práticа docеntе е еspаços dе fortаlеcimеnto dа rеlаção tеoriа е práticа.
Pаlаvrаs-chаvе: Formаção continuаdа; Políticаs еducаcionаis; Práticа pеdаgógicа.
Educação Alimentar e Matemática: uma Sequência Didática investigativa nos anos iniciais
Authors: Anjos Eliete Silva dos , Conceição Nívia Maria , Silva Ana Darc Calixto , Couto Maria Elizabete Souza
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de experiência sobre o desenvolvimento de uma prática pedagógica com o planejamento de uma sequência de ensino investigativa com o tema ‘Hábitos alimentares saudáveis’, foi planejada e desenvolvida num processo formativo realizado de forma colaborativa entre os formadores da Rede de Educação Matemática Nordeste - REM-NE, duas professoras que lecionam nas turmas do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental e a coordenadora pedagógica. O objetivo da sequência de ensino foi compreender a importância de desenvolver hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Para o desenvolvimento da Sequência de Ensino investigativa utilizamos a metodologia qualitativa fundamentada nos momentos de matematizar e com a abordagem interdisciplinar entre as áreas de Ciências e Matemática. Os resultados demonstraram que o desenvolvimento da sequência de ensino contribuiu no ensino porque possibilitou às professoras a realização de uma proposta de trabalho investigativa com a participação ativa dos estudantes, bem como promoveu o aprendizado dos estudantes do 5º ano em diferenciar a geometria plana e espacial, o estudo de situações problemas do campo aditivo e multiplicativo e a discussão e reflexão sobre seus hábitos alimentares. Alguns estudantes chegaram a relatar que seus hábitos alimentares são saudáveis e outros reconheceram os prejuízos que uma má alimentação pode causar à sua saúde. Uma aprendizagem a partir de situações da realidade dos alunos.
Palavras-chave: Hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Saúde. Conceitos matemáticos. Prática investigativa.
Non-invertible symmetries and higher representation theory II
Authors: Bartsch Thomas , Bullimore Mathew , Ferrari Andrea E. V. , Pearson Jamie
Published: August 2024

In this paper we continue our investigation of the global categorical symmetries that arise when gauging finite higher groups and their higher subgroups with discrete torsion. The motivation is to provide a common perspective on the construction of non-invertible global symmetries in higher dimensions and a precise description of the associated symmetry categories. We propose that the symmetry categories obtained by gauging higher subgroups may be defined as higher group-theoretical fusion categories, which are built from the projective higher representations of higher groups. As concrete applications we provide a unified description of the symmetry categories of gauge theories in three and four dimensions based on the Lie algebra \mathfrak{so}(N)𝔰𝔬(N), and a fully categorical description of non-invertible symmetries obtained by gauging a 1-form symmetry with a mixed ’t Hooft anomaly. We also discuss the effect of discrete torsion on symmetry categories, based a series of obstructions determined by spectral sequence arguments.
Ensemble of artificial intelligence and physically based models for rainfall–runoff modeling in the upper Blue Nile Basin
Authors: Gichamo Tagesse , Nourani Vahid , Gökçekuş Hüseyin , Gelete Gebre
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the performance of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), feed forward neural network (FFNN), Soil and Water Analysis Tool (SWAT), Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydraulic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV), and support vector regression (SVR) models for rainfall–runoff modeling using gauged and satellite rainfall, and their fusions in the Gilgel Abay watershed, Ethiopia. Afterward, simple average ensemble (SAE), weighted average ensemble (WAE), and neural network ensemble (NNE) techniques were applied to combine the outputs of individual models under three scenarios. The performance of the models was evaluated using Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The results demonstrated that the ANFIS model outperformed all the other single models with validation stage NSE values of 0.864 and 0.875, and RMSE values of 23.58 and 21.84 m3/s for gauge and fusion rainfall data, respectively. Among the physical-based models, SWAT gave better modeling performance with the validation stage NSE values of 0.81 and 0.821 for gauge and fusion rainfall data, respectively. Moreover, an ensemble of artificial intelligence and physical-based models greatly improved the overall modeling performance. The NNE improved the performance of single models up to 15.7 and 21.2 5% for fusion and satellite-based rainfall modeling, respectively.
Formulation, Characterization, and Potential Therapeutic Implications of Encapsulated Recombinant Alpha-Luffin in Niosomes
Authors: Joni Hajar Abedi , Esmaeili Fariba , Landi Behnaz , Bayat Elham , Bakhshandeh Haleh , Talebkhan Yeganeh , Barkhordari Farzaneh , Sadeghi Somayeh , Nematollahi Leila , Negahdari Babak
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The anticancer properties of recombinant α-luffin (LUF) are wellestablished.
However, the cytotoxic effects of encapsulating LUF within niosomes on the
SKBR3 breast cancer cell line have yet to be explored. Our study aimed to investigate whether
this encapsulation strategy could improve cytotoxic effects.

Methods:

Alpha-luffin was expressed, purified, and refolded. Then, this protein was utilized to
craft an optimal formulation, guided by experimental design. In this work, we have explored
various physicochemical properties, including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential,
morphology, entrapment efficiency, drug release and kinetics, storage stability, and FTIR spectroscopy.
Additionally, we have assessed the cellular uptake and cytotoxic effect of the optimized
niosome formulation on the SKBR3 breast cancer cell line.

Results:

The optimized niosome exhibited a mean diameter of 315±6.4 nm (DLS). Successful
encapsulation of LUF into regularly shaped, spherical niosomes was achieved, with an encapsulation
efficiency of 73.45±2.4%. Notably, Niosomal LUF (NLUF) exhibited significantly increased
cytotoxicity against SKBR3 cells.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that niosomes loaded with LUF hold promise as a potential
treatment strategy for breast cancer.
Repurposing of CDK Inhibitors as Host Targeting Antivirals: A Mini- Review
Authors: Liu Miao , Peng Wei , Ji Xingyue
Published: August 2024

Most of the antiviral drugs in the market are designed to target viral proteins directly.
They are generally considered safe for human use. However, they also suffer from several inherent
limitations, in particular, narrow-spectrum antiviral profiles and liability to drug resistance. The other
strategy for antiviral drug development is targeting host factors, which are highly involved at different
stages in the viral life cycle. In contrast to direct-acting antiviral agents, host-targeting antiviral
ones normally exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral properties along with a much higher genetic barrier
to drug resistance. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) represent one such host factor. In this review,
we summarized a number of CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) of varied chemical scaffolds with
demonstrated antiviral activity. Challenges and issues associated with the repurposing of CDKIs as
antiviral agents were also discussed.
Classification of Pneumonia via a Hybrid ZFNet-Quantum Neural Network Using a Chest X-ray Dataset
Authors: Shahwar Tayyaba , Mallek Fatma , Ur Rehman Ateeq , Sadiq Muhammad Tariq , Hamam Habib
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have made significant contributions to diagnosing pneumonia from chest X-ray imaging. However, certain aspects
of diagnosis and planning can be further enhanced through the implementation of a quantum deep neural network (QDNN). Therefore, we
introduced a technique that integrates neural networks with quantum algorithms named the ZFNet-quantum neural network for detecting
pneumonia using 5863 X-ray scans with binary cases.

Methods:

The hybrid model efficiently pre-processes complex and high-dimensional data by extracting significant features from the ZFNet model. These
significant features are given to the quantum circuit algorithm and further embedded into a quantum device. The parameterized quantum circuit
algorithm using qubits, superposition theorem, and entanglement phenomena generates 4 features from 4098 features extracted from images via a
deep transfer learning model. Moreover, to validate the outcome measures of the proposed technique, we used various PennyLane quantum devices
to detect pneumonia and normal control images. By using the Adam optimizer, which exploits an adaptive learning rate that is fixed to 10−6 and six
layers of a quantum circuit composed of quantum gates, the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 96.5%, corresponding to 25 epochs.

Results:

The integrated ZFNet-quantum learning network outperforms the deep transfer learning network in terms of testing accuracy, as the accuracy
gained by the convolutional neural network (CNN) is 94%. Therefore, we use a hybrid classical-quantum model to detect pneumonia in which a
variational quantum algorithm enhances the outcomes of a ZFNet transfer learning method.

Conclusion:

This approach is an efficient and automated method for detecting pneumonia and could significantly enhance outcome measures related to the
speed and accuracy of the network in the clinical and healthcare sectors.
Drug Discovery and Exploration of Heterocycles for the Development of Anti-HIV Agents
Authors: Kale Mayura A. , Jain Mamata V.
Published: August 2024

It is a known fact that HIV infection remains a serious public health problem
throughout the world, and the need to constantly develop new antiretroviral drugs to combat
HIV emerges from the fact that repetitive mutations occurring in viral enzymes make this
virus resistant to antiretroviral drugs. This resistance causes failure of treatment, and hence,
for many years, extensive research has been to discover newer possibilities for fighting this
disease at a molecular level, along with many long-standing and expensive clinical trials.
Many scientific research programs have either been discarded or unsuccessful. However,
the research has not stopped, and in the process, many heterocyclic scaffolds have been
used to build up novel drug molecules to combat this disease. A literature survey reveals
that many heterocycles have been explored and were found to be very useful in treating
different types of viral infections. This concise and rigorous literature explains the journey
and highlights the various strategies to develop new anti-HIV drug candidates.
Navigating the Future of PCOS Treatment: The Precision Medicine Paradigm
Authors: Trisa Sunil Alma , Jo Caroline , P. S. Sanigha , Kolasseri Aparna Eledath , Tamizhselvi Ramasamy , Jayanthi Sivaraman
Published: August 2024

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition affecting women of reproductive
age, characterized by a heterogeneous array of symptoms. This study aims to examine
the role of Precision and Personalized Medicine (PPM) in managing PCOS, given
the diverse manifestations of the disease and any genetic factors involved. In this review,
we have analyzed the existing literature on the heterogeneity in PCOS symptoms, efforts
to acquire PPM data for the characterization of molecular changes in PCOS, and the impact
of advances in artificial intelligence on precision medicine. PCOS symptoms present
differently in each individual, making traditional therapies ineffective. By tailoring treatment
to each individual's genetic and molecular profile, PPM offers a promising approach
to addressing the complex nature of PCOS. Understanding PCOS molecular underpinnings
requires continuous acquisition of PPM data. Advances in artificial intelligence
have greatly enhanced precision medicine's potential applications. Precision medicine
could become a standard component of PCOS care, similar to its application in treating
serious conditions like cancer and heart disease, due to its ability to address the condition's
complexity through individualized treatment approaches.
Plastic flow modelling under abrupt strain-path change and parameter identification method
Authors: ZHANG Tianyin
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Rational plastic flow modelling under abrupt strain-path change is crucial for accurate metal forming simulations. Previous experimental studies have revealed that many metals exhibit “corner effects” after abrupt strain-path change in the plastic stage, including a sharp vertex produced on the subsequent yield surface and apparent non-normality of the plastic flow direction. Some advanced models can give reasonable predictions on the above phenomenon, but they have not been widely used in metal forming simulations due to their complexity. A simple non-associated flow rule is developed here to describe corner effects. A stable stress update algorithm is developed for this rule based on the fully implicit backward Euler method, and its validation is verified by FE simulations of the nonlinear tension-torsion loading experiments. In order to determine the material parameters of these non-associated flow rules representing corner effects, a general identification method is proposed based on the equivalent tangential shear modulus reduction. The results show that, compared with the previous theories, the present rule performs better in predicting corner effects. In addition, although the apparent tangential shear modulus reduction is observed during the nonlinear experiments, the modulus does not seem to decrease to near zero.
Wrinkling behavior of the ultra-thin components with variable cross-sectional perimeter during bending process with local support
Authors: ZHUANG Yongpeng
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The wrinkling behavior of the ultra-thin components during the tube bending process was investigated by finite element analysis and confirmed by experiment and the causes of various typical defects were explored. The tube was bent through three local support methods: without support, hard support, soft support. The results indicate that severe wrinkling behavior of pipes occur during bending process. However, in the case of soft support, the wrinkling behavior of the pipe is suppressed and flattened during the subsequent bulging process.
Neural surrogate-driven modelling, optimisation, and generation of engineering designs: A concise review
Authors: CHEN Siyi
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Synergies between neural networks and traditional surrogate modelling techniques have emerged as the forefront of data-driven engineering. Neural network-based surrogate models, trained on carefully selected experimental data or high-fidelity simulations, can predict behaviours of complex systems with remarkable speed and accuracy. This review examines the current state and recent developments in neural surrogate technologies, highlighting their expanding roles in engineering design optimisation and generation. It also covers various feature engineering methods for representing 3D geometries, the principles of neural surrogate modelling, and the potential of emerging AI-driven design tools. While feature engineering remains a challenge, especially in parameterising complex designs for machine learning, recent advancements in code/language-based representations offer promising solutions for digitalising various design scenarios. Moreover, the emergence of AI-driven design tools, including text-to-CAD models powered by large language models, enables engineers to rapidly generate and evaluate innovative design concepts. Neural surrogate modelling has the potential to transform engineering workflows. Continued research into geometric feature engineering, along with the integration of AI-driven design tools, will speed up the use of neural surrogate models in engineering designs.
Slider movement planning based on improved S-curve acceleration algorithms for servo presses
Authors: WANG Jun
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Servo press is a forming equipment that uses a servo motor to drive a crank slider for stamping and deep drawing process. The servo drive can adjust the motor speed in real time and dynamically, which provides an important support for the dynamic adjustment of the crank slider movement. To realize the smooth reciprocating movement of the large-mass and high-inertia slider, it is necessary to develop a motor speed adjustment algorithm to achieve a good match between the movement load of the slider and the torque that the motor can bear, to ensure the operation safety of the whole machine. S-curve algorithms are often used for the planning of slider movement curves, which is easy to produce flexible impact on the motor. Therefore, to improve this situation, an improved S-curve algorithm is proposed based on the above common methods, which realizes the motion control method of smooth speed change. In this paper, a movement planning algorithm for servo press slider with improved S-curve is proposed based on the 7-phase S-curve acceleration algorithm. Firstly, the kinematic calculation of the crank slider mechanism is carried out. Secondly, 4 control points are set up to divide the slider movement curve of the typical drawing process, including the idle feed stage, deep drawing stage, idle return stage, and loading/unloading stage. Furthermore, the uniform acceleration stage and the uniform deceleration stage are removed, and the acceleration cusp was smoothed, and the improved S-curve algorithm was obtained. Finally, the large-scale crank slider servo press and its deep drawing parameters in a literature are taken as an example to solve the slider movement curves by using the improved S-curve. The results show that the improved S-curve algorithm can be used for servo press slide motion profile planning, which can realize efficient deep drawing process mode.
α’-martensite grading techniques in reverse flow forming of AISI 304L
Authors: ARIAN B.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Manufacturing processes benefit from property control enabling reproducibility, application oriented outcomes, and efficient part production. In reverse flow forming, state of the art practices focus primarily on geometry control, neglecting property control. Given the intricacies of the process involving the interaction of tool and machine behavior, process parameters, properties of semi finished products and temperatures, incorporating process control becomes an imperative for producing components with predefined properties. The property controlled within this reverse flow forming process is the local α’ martensite content. Therefore, process strategies to actively influence the α’ martensite content must be implemented. In this study seamless AISI 304L steel tubes are used, where α’ martensite formation is strain and/or temperature induced through phase transformation within the process. This paper presents innovative process strategies, methods, and specially developed mechanical and thermal actuator systems to locally increase or suppress the α’ martensite content. The use and implementation of these approaches and tools allows the creation of unique optically invisible microstructure profiles containing 3D gradings, implying a radial grading of α’ martensite. The locally implemented α’ martensite, forming these 3D gradings, offers potential applications for functional or sensory purposes. This paper extends beyond theoretical concepts, providing tangible component outcomes.
Advanced elastic-plastic constitutive models for medium-thickness high-strength steel plates: Microstructure-based parameter identification and verification
Authors: HU Xiao
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Replacing castings with medium-thickness, high-strength steel sheet (with thickness exceeding 3 mm) stampings can save raw materials and energy, and many medium-thickness plate parts are used in commercial vehicle frame assemblies and cab mounts. However, there are obvious differences between the sheet metal forming mechanisms of medium-thickness plate parts and thin sheet parts. There is a lack of systematic research on the issues of anisotropy, springback, non-uniform material flow, and fracture that exist in the sheet metal forming of medium-thickness plate parts. In this study, we coupled the three-dimensional anisotropic yield criteria Hill 48 and the kinematic hardening models (Armstrong-Frederick) to develop elastic-plastic constitutive models for the forming simulation of medium-thickness high-strength steel plates. Taking the 5-mm-thick 750L high-strength steel as the research object, for the problem that the anisotropic yield criterion parameters (especially in the thickness direction) are difficult to calibrate, we employed high-resolution full-field crystal plasticity simulations to obtain the parameters of the yield criterion, and determined the material parameters of the kinematic hardening models by the inverse analysis method. Through this multiscale modeling technique, we obtained the complete constitutive parameters of the material, which were verified by mechanical experiments with nonlinear strain paths. The effectiveness of different model combinations in predicting the plastic behavior and mechanical responses on medium-thickness high-strength steel plates is further evaluated.
Edukasi Orang Tua dalam Membangun Kesiapan Anak Mengikuti Pendidikan di Pesantren
Authors: Imanti Divani Syamsi Putri , Harsika Agrifina , Pratiwi Kania Agustina , Ariyani Risma , Fakhruddin Agus
Published: August 2024

Kesiapan anak dalam mengikuti Pendidikan di pesantren melalui edukasi orang tua memiliki peranan penting dalam pencapaian keberhasilan Pendidikan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan edukasi orang tua dalam membangun kesiapan anak mengikuti pendidikan di pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif dengan wawancara mendalam sebagai teknik utama pengumpulan datanya. Responden yang diambil adalah 10 orang tua atau wali murid yang memiliki pengalaman dengan pendidikan pesantren. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan reduksi, display, dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi dan motivasi orang tua terhadap pendidikan pesantren sangat didasari oleh keinginan untuk menyelaraskan pendidikan formal dan spiritual. Orang tua menggunakan beragam strategi untuk membangun pemahaman anak agar anak siap menghadapi pendidikan di pesantren. Hasil penelitian ini berkontribusi menjadi referensi masyarakat dalam membangun persepsi, motivasi, dan strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk menyiapkan anak agar berhasil mengenyam pendidikan di pesantren.
ASSESSING CONSERVATION APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINING HERITAGE BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY OF IPOH OLD TOWN, PERAK, MALAYSIA
Authors: Nik Hashim Nik Hazwani , Tsong Teh Bor , Hashim Lim Noor Hashimah , Lin Teoh Yi
Published: August 2024

The worldwide emphasis on heritage building conservation has become one of the strategies to effectively conserve the values of heritage buildings and preserve their historic significance. Heritage buildings, acknowledged as vital assets for local development, particularly in the realm of tourism and cultural enrichment, require conservation efforts aligned with urban regeneration initiatives. Despite these international efforts, challenges persist in implementing effective conservation strategies, resulting in continuing deterioration. Therefore, a better understanding of the approach needed to conserve heritage building is important for its long-term sustainability. This qualitative study, involving site observation and semi-structured interviews with the Ipoh City Council and caretakers of selected heritage buildings, focuses on Ipoh Old Town as a case study as it is a historical area abundant in heritage and cultural elements. The findings highlight preservation and rehabilitation as prevalent conservation approaches, while restoration poses notable challenges in sustaining heritage buildings in Ipoh Old Town.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF INEQUALITIES ON RESIDENTS' PERCEPTION AND CRIME INCIDENTS IN URBAN AND PERI-URBAN NEIGHBOURHOODS
Authors: Samat Narimah , Tilaki Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi , Abdul Rahim Asyirah
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the issue of inequality to the forefront, exacerbating economic uncertainty and social injustice, which has led to widespread social disorder. This study examines the relationship between inequality and crime in urban and peri-urban neighborhoods in Penang; Moreover, an association between inequality and the incidence of crime will be investigated in two neighborhoods. Having considered the intricate relationship between social inequality and crime in previous studies, a quantitative approach was conducted to investigate how neighborhood locations impact the crime and inequality relationship. A face-to-face survey using a closed-ended questionnaire was conducted with 761 respondents, comprising 329 from Balik Pulau and 432 from Bayan Baru. The findings reveal that economic inequality significantly impacts crime rates in both Bayan Lepas and Balik Pulau, whereas social inequality only shows a negative significant effect in Bayan Lepas. Subsequently, results indicate income does not influence the fear of crime among respondents in Balik Pulau, but residents with higher income levels in Bayan Lepas exhibit a greater fear of crime. However, neighborhood locations do not distinctly affect criminal activity. These insights can help enhance crime prevention strategies, improve security, and foster balanced development in Penang.
EVALUATING PEDESTRIAN CROSSING ATTRIBUTES AT INTERSECTIONS IN KABUL CITY, AFGHANISTAN: A COMPUTER VISION APPROACH
Authors: Karwand Zamir , Mokhtar Safizahanin , Hustim Muralia , Shimizu Tetsuo
Published: August 2024

This study aims to evaluate pedestrian crossing attributes in heterogeneous traffic environments using computer vision. For this purpose, YoloV8 models were optimised to detect pedestrian crossing attributes. Moreover, an OpenCV-based Python programme was developed to track pedestrian trajectories manually. For accuracy, the inverse perspective mapping method is applied to obtain a bird's eye view. Finally, a heatmap of pedestrian trajectories was provided to visualise the pedestrian crossing attributes. The results show that more than three-quarters of pedestrians are engaging in noncompliance crossing behaviours at major intersections in Kabul City, Afghanistan. In addition, pedestrians tend to walk longer, more frequent routes at corners and outside of crosswalks. Furthermore, statistical analysis reveals that pedestrian crossing speed decreased by 5.8% when disobeying crossing rules, indicating the significant effect of pedestrian attributes on crossing speed. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of pedestrian behaviour in heterogeneous traffic environments using computer vision. The results would provide insightful information to traffic engineers and planners for traffic management.
SATISFACTION OF INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC TOURISTS IN MALAYSIA’S OLDEST NATIONAL PARK: TAMAN NEGARA PAHANG
Authors: Chew Sze-Siong , Zainol Rosilawati , Goh Hong Ching
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the satisfaction of both international and domestic tourists within Malaysia’s oldest national park, Taman Negara Pahang, employing a quantitative methodology through a survey comprising eight distinct dimensions: amenities, service quality, natural allure, accommodation, food services, transport, recreational offerings, and expense. The researchers garnered a sample of 387 respondents via convenience sampling and analysed using frequency distribution and independent sample t-tests. Findings indicate a general satisfaction among tourists with their park visitation experience. However, the researchers identified that service quality, transport, and cost require substantial enhancements to elevate the tourist experience. While both tourist groups displayed similar satisfaction levels, international tourists reported marginally higher satisfaction across most dimensions except for recreational activities. Varying motivations, influenced by geographical origins, attribute this discrepancy to the criteria for satisfaction evaluation. The study underscores the importance of continual tourism demand for sustaining national park conservation efforts through revenue generation. The researchers anticipate that the insights derived from this research will guide enhancements in the performance of tourism products and services through diversified feedback. Marketing strategies tailored to cater to the distinct preferences of domestic and international tourists are recommended, especially for Taman Negara Pahang, which enjoys popularity among both visitor segments.