bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hacia una sociedad hipertextual
Authors: Barón Pulido Mireya
Published: January 2015

El presente artículo de revisión analiza y relaciona los resultados de varias investigaciones que toman como objeto de estudio los elementos que incursionan en el contexto de la comunicación desde la red: hiperdocumento, macronavegación y micronavegación. Dimensiones y procesos que afectan y transforman los mismos niveles de interacción al interior de las sociedades; hoy día reco- nocidas como sociedades digitales. El lector encontrará referencia a algunos estudios locales e internacionales haciendo referencia a corpus multimediáticos del periodismo y de la publicidad que permiten evidenciar dichos elementos y que sugieren la transformación y, en algunos casos, la construcción de nuevos patrones de interacción social entre lectores y perceptores.
Venezuela: presidencialismo, política de seguridad y el tránsito hacia la consolidación de un régimen híbrido
Authors: Castro Agudelo Santiago José
Published: January 2015

Un régimen híbrido es aquel en el que se combinan la realización de elecciones periódicas para conﬁ gurar el poder público con la existencia de déﬁ cit democráticos como la corrupción, la escasa o nula libertad de prensa, la inexistencia o debilidad de un sistema de frenos y contra- pesos y, en algunos casos, la personalización del poder. En el presente ensayo se sostiene que en Venezuela la consolidación de un régimen híbrido se da gracias a la concentración del poder en la Presidencia de la Repúbli- ca, que hoy ocupa Hugo Chávez, y a una política de segu- ridad y defensa que incluye la “politización de lo militar” y “la militarización de lo civil”.
La mejora de la productividad: ¿el santo grial de los sistemas de salud en el mundo?
Authors: Vega Rodríguez Ricardo Arturo
Published: January 2015

Con base en una revisión de literatura nacional e in- ternacional se presenta el concepto de productividad y su análisis por medio de la función de producción de Cobb-Douglas. Se aplican estos conceptos al área de sa- lud y se muestran resultados logrados tanto en Colombia como en otros contextos. Posteriormente se expone la estructura del sistema de salud de Colombia y se hacen algunas recomendaciones de avance en las prácticas de gestión del sistema y así lograr la mejora de sus resulta- dos productivos.
Caracterización de las tiendas de barrio de Cartagena
Authors: Gaitán Delmira
Published: January 2015

La presente investigación fue realizada en las tiendas de barrio de Cartagena, departamento de Bolívar en Colombia, cuyo propósito fue su caracterización, principales comportamientos y estrategias de defensa frente al desarrollo de otros canales de distribución, en especial los super e hiper mercados. Para su desarrollo, se trabajó con información primaria, mediante la realización de entrevistas estructuradas en los diferentes establecimientos y la observación directa de las actividades que allí mismo se hacen. Así mismo el estudio está sustentado por información secundaria, en documentos de trabajos de investigaciones previas y propias, en las que se muestra la evolución de este segmento del comercio minorista.
Comunicación y Semiosis para la prevención de minas antipersonal, Colombia un caso
Authors: Barón Pulido Mireya
Published: January 2015

El artículo muestra los resultados de investigación1 de los elementos que desde la narrativa audiovisual caracterizan el grado de presencia/ausencia de actores y niveles de información que relatan el ﬂ agelo de las Minas Antipersonal. Es una investigación de índole cualitativa que compila el Análisis de Contenido ‒AC̶de 28 piezas audiovisuales locales e internacionales y que sugieren la construcción de sentido desde varios niveles de la información ante la población vulnerable del país. Se compila la tendencia de comportamiento tanto de códigos icónicos, lingüísticos, como de los componentes morfológico, semántico y sintáctico; análisis que permite evidenciar 2 tipos de narraciones: La narrada desde país víctima para población internacional y la narrada desde país no víctima para población internacional. De dicha pesquisa surge la creación del Documental “ Si no lo botó, no lo recoja” ,  propuesta comunicativa narrada desde y para la población campesina e infantil del país.  La investigación contó con respaldo del Departamento I +D + I y con el concurso del semillero de estudiantes Isabella Montalvo (Programa de Comunicación Social-Periodismo), Nathalia Vargas y Juan D. Villabona (Medios Audiovisuales)
El devenir docente en la actualidad: Estrategias e importancia institucional y social en contra del olvido
Authors: Rodríguez Cuberos Luz Astrid
Published: January 2015

Recientemente han tenido lugar acelerados cambios en las metodologías utilizadas en la enseñanza, objetivos propuestos, herramientas, e intereses institucionales. Aunque estos cambios no son posibles sin el docente, componente humano que los lleva a cabo en el salón de clase, pareciera que este ha sido olvidado o tal vez relegado como motor primario de estas dinámicas, lo cual se evidencia en la disminución de reﬂexiones hechas sobre su experiencia personal en el salón de clase y en la institución. En el presente texto se hace un recorrido por la situación actual del docente rescatando estrategias que pueden servir como punto de partida para retomar la reﬂexión sobre su labor, esto con miras a resaltar la importancia de esta profesión y sus aportes a proyectos institucionales relacionados directamente con la responsabilidad social.
Entre la formación de la opinión pública y la movilización: el proceso independentista de Cartagena de Indias
Authors: Cepeda Jiménez José Alejandro , Montoya Pardo Camilo Andrés , Jiménez Jiménez Magda Catalina
Published: January 2015

Este artículo pretende explicar la relación entre el proceso de conformación de la opinión pública y elementos de movilización social en Cartagena de Indias como variables fundamentales para su proceso independentista, la cual fue posible bajo una nueva estructura política que reemplazó al régimen Monárquico, consecuencia directa de la revolución del 11 de noviembre de 1811, cuando Cartagena declarara su independencia absoluta de España.
Reivindicación política, resistencia y desarrollo social en organizaciones de recicladores de Bogotá
Authors: Cortés Millán Germán Andrés
Published: January 2015

El siguiente artículo es producto de la investigación realizada por el grupo goce (Gestión y organizaciones desde corrientes emergentes), denominada caracte- rización organizacional y psicosocial de la población de recicladores de la localidad de Chapinero. El artículo recoge, desde una mirada crítica, la contextualización acerca del modelo económico instalado en las prácticas de las organizaciones latinoamericanas, las cuales se reproducen en procesos sociales y afectan de manera directa población como la de los recicladores. Por esta razón, se hace un acercamiento a las formas de organización que tienen los recicladores, resca- tándose la forma como se emprenden procesos de empoderamiento como apuesta para la acción política y para la reivindicación de derechos funda- mentales en la población, en el marco de una propuesta de sustentabilidad y autogestión.
Editorial
Authors: Escobar Pérez Billy
Published: January 2015

Las ciencias sociales en las últimas décadas han tomado un lugar importante en el devenir del conocimiento científico. Este actuar ha permitido algunas rupturas de antinomias entre lo objetivo y lo subjetivo, entre lo local y lo global, que han cambiado las formas de hacer ciencia.  Ramas del conocimiento, un poco inadvertidas, han adquirido nuevas voces. La psicología, por ejemplo, empezó a dictaminar las reglamentaciones en la escritura científica internacional. Mientras que en lo educativo se resalta el papel de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en los procesos de aprendizaje e investigación.
Diseño de un modelo para la evaluación de las competencias comunicativa, tecnológica e investigativa, en la modalidad de educación virtual de la Institución Universitaria Politécnico Grancolombiano
Authors: Guzmán Serna María del Socorro
Published: January 2015

En estas ultimas decadas, la tendencia de la educación superior se ha encaminado a promover y fomentar su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje o aprendizaje por competencias, con el propósito de acercar el mundo educativo al mundo produc- tivo. Pasar de la enseñanza al aprendizaje, para el Politécnico Grancolombiano, en su modalidad virtual, ha implicado repensar el currículo y con él, el ser y hacer de las prácticas educativas enfo- cadas al logro de competencias. Desde esta perspectiva, el currículo y las prácticas se vienen enfocando en el estudiante, el perfil, las demandas y las posibilidades profesionales que le permitan poder desempeñarse como un profe- sional capaz de asumir los retos desde el ámbito profesional y personal.Es importante destacar que el Politécnico Gran- colombiano, en el área de educación virtual, se compromete con el plan de mejoramiento continuo desde la función investigativa de los sistemas de gestión de aprendizaje. En este proceso inves- tigativo se asume el enfoque de la investigación acción-participativa, con el fin de visibilizar lo avan- zado, promover el uso de las mejores prácticas y elaborar la propuesta de un modelo para evaluar las competencias.
Condiciones de posibilidad para una mirada a la subjetividad del maestro en Colombia
Authors: Vásquez Alape Luis Ernesto , Monroy Myriam
Published: January 2015

La preocupación por rescatar la reflexión sobre la subjetividad del maestro, desde una mirada cimen- tada en la filosofía política a partir de un enfoque arqueogenealógico, es el principal eje dinamizador de este escrito, para ello se hace una disertación generada en la investigación sobre la salud mental del maestro en Colombia que se ha iniciado en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de La Salle. Este escrito intenta mostrar emergencias y procedencias1 (Foucault, 2002) y condiciones de posibilidad históricas en las que se produce la subjetividad del maestro en Colombia desde la implementación de racionalidades, tecnologías y dispositivos de poder que afectan sus prácticas y la calidad educativa.
Sistemas dinámicos en la interacción emocional madre-hijo: primera fase
Authors: Castro Martínez Jaime
Published: January 2015

Los avances en psicología de las emociones y psicología del desarrollo han exigido nuevos cambios tanto de orden teórico como metodológico para describir y explicar la variabilidad de las res-puestas infantiles a los cambios que tienen lugar en la dinámica socio-emocional con la madre. Producto de estas variaciones, aparece la integración de los sistemas dinámicos a las descrip- ciones de los teóricos del desarrollo emocional bajo supuestos psicobiológicos y sociobiológicos. Esta investigación indaga el posible uso de modelos de sistemas dinámicos en la generación de patrones de organización durante la interrelación socio- emocional madre-hijo, bajo cambios en los estados emocionales de la madre y bajo modificaciones debidas al desarrollo infantil. Los hallazgos de esta primera fase muestran algunas diferencias en las dinámicas socio-emocionales en cada uno de los estados emocionales maternos, al igual que regu- laridades en la variación por estado emocional. La investigación sugiere ampliar el marco teórico hacia modelos de componentes emocionales y modelos neurobiológicos, y la inclusión de modelos matemáticos de predicción y de análisis de series de tiempos.
Hacia una comprensión de la mente y el comportamiento del emprendedor
Authors: Bonilla Ballesteros Álvaro Ronaldo
Published: January 2015

Este artículo se pregunta por los procesos psicológicos involucrados en el emprendimiento empresarial, y cómo es posible articular un proyecto educativo que dé cuenta de los elementos necesarios para elaborar un proyecto de vida basado en proyectos emprendedores. Se detallan los procesos de percepción, autoeficacia, inten- ción, motivación, emoción y atribución y se retoman sus efectos en el tránsito desde la inten- ción de ser emprendedor hasta el comportamiento emprendedor. La discusión propone tendencias de investigación y temáticas clave para desarrollar pedagogías y metodologías de una cátedra de emprendimiento.
Estudio exploratorio del clima creativo en compañías colombianas seleccionadas
Authors: Cabra Vidales John Fitzgerald , Sánchez Trujillo Juliana
Published: January 2015

Este estudio procura identificar los aspectos orga- nizaciones que facilitan y dificultan la creatividad en el lugar de trabajo para determinar si existe algún concepto que se distingue o es relevante en una muestra de compañías colombianas selec- cionadas. Fueron entrevistados 52 directores ejecutivos, gerentes, supervisores y empleados de primera línea de ocho empresas establecidas en Colombia. Se aplicó la metodología de la teoría fundamentada. El análisis arrojó similitudes y dife- rencias: los temas destacados fueron envida y celos, pertenencia, creatividad intencional, normas del manejo de influencia y equidad.
Exploración de una estrategia para la enseñanza en un curso de procesos básicos del programa de Psicología de una universidad privada de Bogotá D. C.
Authors: Arias Velandia Nicolás
Published: January 2015

Este estudio exploró los efectos de dos unidades temáticas de un curso de procesos básicos en psicología, en los cuales se desarrolló con los estudiantes la formulación de un problema de investigación y su resolución mediante un experi- mento. Para ello se implementaron dos ciclos basados en teorías de solución de pro-blemas, de aprendizaje basado en problemas, y de inves- tigación del profesor en el aula. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes aprendieron la mecánica de la formulación del problema de inves- tigación y conceptos relacionados con el mismo, con poco avance en la elaboración de informes de laboratorio y en comprensión de la lógica de cambio del conocimiento científico. Se discuten los alcances y las limitaciones de la experiencia desarrollada.
Instrumentos para evaluar el currículum formal en carreras pedagógicas
Authors: Castañeda María Teresa , Castro Rubilar Fancy , Mena Bastías Carmen
Published: January 2015

Uno de los desafíos centrales para las instituciones formadoras actualmente es acreditar la calidad de la formación ofrecida, para esto es clave lograr la coherencia del diseño curricular. En este marco, la creación de instrumentos para evaluar diseños curriculares se inscribe en la investigación evalua- tiva del currículum de formación de carreras pedagógicas en relación con su fase de formula- ción, a partir de un caso. Tiene como propósito proponer procedimientos e instrumentos para el estudio del currículum formal o diseñado, por cuanto, se delinearon un conjunto de instrumentos que permitieron la indagación en torno a los componentes formales del currículum. Con ellos se evaluó la coherencia de los principios pedagógicos, el perfil del egresado de la carrera de pedagogía, declarados y la revisión de la presencia o no de dichos referentes en los programas de las distintas asignaturas pertenecientes al área. Este estudio permitió contar con instrumentos perti- nentes para examinar y analizar los componentes curriculares, dejando en evidencia las discrepan- cias existentes entre estos. Cabe señalar, que la posibilidad de crear estos instrumentos surge de la necesidad de avanzar en la evaluación sistemática del currículum formal; así como, en la búsqueda de mecanismos que den mayor confiabilidad, proporcionando información oportuna y relevante acerca de la coherencia de los diseños curriculares generados con pautas y rutas articuladas con los propósitos declarados.
Los motivos para crecer: tensiones entre las políticas públicas y las tradiciones académicas en el desarrollo del posgrado en México (1991-2010)
Authors: González Rubí Mario Guillermo , Olvera Sánchez Sandy Magali
Published: January 2015

En un contexto caracterizado por un viraje significa- tivo respecto al papel y la importancia del posgrado en el sistema de educación superior mexicano, cuyos rasgos más destacados son: la cuadru- plicación de la matrícula en sólo dos décadas y el aumento de la regulación estatal, a partir de un conjunto de reglas y valores asociados a la evaluación externa; en texto se hace una revisión inicial de las particularidades de estos procesos, toda vez que el incremento en la consecución de grados académicos no ha estado acompañada por un crecimiento notorio de las capacidades institucionales de investigación e innovación o el mejoramiento perceptible de la enseñanza; por el contrario, el logro más visible parece concentrarse en el cumplimiento de indicadores estandarizados formulados por la política pública como meca- nismo para la diferenciación presupuestal. Aquí se explora, especialmente, el impacto de los programas, los procesos de desarrollo y su conso- lidación, los cuales van desde su formulación en ambientes marcados por la colegialidad y la maduración de grupos, las redes y líneas de inves- tigación hasta su emergencia como mecanismo de certificación y habilitación del profesorado, a través de sus instituciones de adscripción.
Sistemas dinámicos y regulación emocional
Authors: Londoño Mora Elizabeth , Castro Martinez Jaime
Published: January 2015

En la historia de la psicología contemporánea, los científicos interesados en el estudio de las emociones las relegan a un segundo plano debido a su complejidad y dificultades en su medición. En los últimos años estos aspectos han sido reevaluados, permitiendo que las emociones pasaran a ser consideradas como reguladoras y determinantes del comportamiento del individuo tanto a nivel intra como interpersonal favoreciendo su adaptación al contexto social que le rodea. En el presente artículo se presentan algunas perspectivas históricas relacionadas con el estudio de las emociones y su expresión en el campo de la psicología. Posteriormente se realiza un abordaje de la expresión emocional enfocada en la expresión facial y su regulación, vistas desde la interacción diádica madre-hijo, esto se complementa con la visión de dicha interacción desde el campo de las neurociencias que consideran que dentro de esa interacción se encuentran “reguladores ocultos” de los comportamientos del bebe, favoreciendo así la modulación de su estado emocional y mental. El documento finaliza mostrando el estudio de las emociones desde la teoría de los sistemas diná- micos (TSD) y algunos de sus componentes como la auto-organización, atractores y bifurcaciones que facilitan la explicación de las emociones desde este enfoque.
¿Cuál educación para qué desarrollo en el Sur?: reflexiones y retos a partir de un estado del arte sobre educación para el desarrollo
Authors: Solano Salinas Rigoberto
Published: January 2015

Este texto contiene reflexiones a partir de la investigación “Educación para el Desarrollo: un estado del arte” realizada, con el obje- tivo de hacer una lectura crítica respecto a cómo se encuentran los desarrollos conceptuales; así como las prácticas de Educación para el Desarrollo [en adelante EpD] desde la mirada de diferentes organizaciones e instituciones en el mundo.En el artículo se comparten preguntas y propuestas para la educación en Latinoamérica: ¿cuál podría ser el sentido de una educa- ción para el desarrollo pensada desde el Sur? ¿Quiénes serían sus sujetos? ¿Cuáles podrán ser sus fundamentos pedagógicos y éticos? ¿Qué contenidos serían los más adecuados? ¿Qué tipo de prácticas pedagógicas y políticas, necesitarían?
A construção discursiva sobre a dengue na mídia
Authors: Ferraz Luiz Marcelo Robalinho , Gomes Isaltina Maria de Azevedo Mello
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o tratamento dado pela imprensa pernambucana à dengue, doença que vem afetando cada vez mais os brasileiros. Tendo como ponto de partida a epidemia explosiva registrada no Brasil em 2002, buscamos compreender os efeitos de sentido produzidos, avaliando as estratégias discursivas utilizadas em 2002, 2004, 2006 e 2008. Para tanto, selecionamos as 291 matérias e notas veiculadas no Jornal do Commercio do Recife (Brasil) nesses anos, abordando a situação da dengue em Pernambuco, além dos registros da virose realizados pela Secretaria de Saúde de Pernambuco. De forma complementar à análise, propomos a elaboração do diagrama midialógico, que busca estabelecer uma relação entre os textos da imprensa e os casos notificados da doença. Os resultados indicam que o noticiário costuma acompanhar, em geral, a curva epidemiológica da moléstia, com algumas diferenças em determinados períodos do ano, conforme o agendamento da imprensa, indicando o apelo da dengue como fenômeno midiático.
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Change Plus Dental Care Program in Improving Glycemic and Periodontal Status in Aging Patients with Diabetes: A Cluster, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Saengtipbovorn Saruta , Taneepanichskul Surasak
Published: January 2015

Background: Currently, there is an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the aging adult population. To minimize adverse effects on glycemic control, prevention and management of general and oral complications in patients with diabetes are essential. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the lifestyle change plus dental care (LCDC) program to improve glycemic and periodontal status in aging patients with diabetes.

Methods: A cluster, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Health Centers 54 (intervention) and 59 (control) from October 2013 to April 2014. Sixty‐six patients with diabetes per health center were included. At baseline, the intervention group attended 20‐minute lifestyle and oral health education, individual lifestyle counseling, application of a self‐regulation manual, and individual oral hygiene instruction. At month 3, the intervention group received individual lifestyle counseling and oral hygiene instruction. The intervention group received booster education every visit by viewing a 15‐minute educational video. The control group received a routine program. Participants were assessed at baseline and 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up for glycemic and periodontal status. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, χ2 test, Fisher exact test, t test, and repeated‐measures analysis of variance.

Results: After the 6‐month follow‐up, participants in the intervention group had significantly lower glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and attachment loss when compared with the control group.

Conclusion: The combination of lifestyle change and dental care in one program improved both glycemic and periodontal status in older patients with diabetes.
Consensual unions in Serbia: 2011 census results
Authors: Stankovic Biljana
Published: January 2015

The rise of cohabitation is one of the most noticeable changes in partnership
behavior in the past several decades, present throughout Europe, with great
variation of prevalence across countries. Until now, the extent of consensual
unions in Serbia has not been known due to the lack of data, except some very
scarce information emanated from a very few surveys. The 2011 Census, for the
first time, included the question on the de facto marital status. This
enables insight into the prevalence of consensual unions, as well as on the
characteristics of union members. The paper analyzes frequency of consensual
unions, as well as characteristics of persons living in them, according to
the sex, age, education, legal marital status, ethnicity, religious
affiliation and type of settlement. Most of the consideration has been given
to the regional level (NUTS 2). The paper also analyzes families of
cohabiting couples with and without children. This is possible because the
data for the families of cohabiting couples without children and cohabiting
couples with children were shown separately for the first time in the 2011
Census.
Right to be a parent with dignity as a new human right
Authors: Coric Dragana
Published: January 2015

Today, to be a parent with full dignity means to have a lot more than one
usually does in practice. The legislator sometimes, accidentally or
intentionally, fails to regulate already existing social relations in an
appropriate manner, or fails to regulate them at all. Also, the application
of existing law is sometimes rather difficult, due to ignorance or inability
of those who are supposed to apply the law in individual cases. That is
mostly because they do not use the interpretation of the law as a mechanism
to apply the law. That is why some initiatives were started in the past few
years by the NGOs which have been involved in the program of providing better
life for the parents in Serbia. After a short overview of those initiatives
and author?s involvement in them, this paper will present a proposal for some
new pronatalist measures that can establish a new human right (to be a
dignified parent), even though the current laws provide sufficient conditions
to make the parenthood work in practice.
Understanding the population change from semi-peripheral perspective: Advancement of theory
Authors: Blagojevic-Hughson Marina , Bobic Mirjana
Published: January 2015

A lot of empirical evidence on demographic changes in ?countries in
transition?, those which belong to the semi-periphery of Europe, has been
undertheorized, or theorized in the framework of the theories on the First
and the Second Transition. However, both of those metanarratives have proven
to be applicable only to a certain degree when it comes to the development
off population at the semi-periphery. This paper argues that specificity and
unprecedented population developments of the semi-periphery of Europe call
for a different approach, one which will actually clearly acknowledge the
structural difference between the core and the semi-periphery, and the
developmental dependence as a core of the problem. The main arguments are
related to the specificities of gender regimes at the semi-periphery
[Blagojevic 2009; Blagojevic 2013; Bobic 2013], as well as to the process of
?de-development? which results in a profound social structural change. The
starting epistemological points for this type of approach relate to the three
strands of theoretical developments: 1. feminist standpoint theory
(semi-periphery is both strategic standpoint for knowledge articulation, as
well as a location where connection between the ontology and the epistemology
of gender could be reaffirmed - [Wickramasinghe 2006; Blagojevic 2009]; 2.
Connell?s critique of ?metropolitan theory? [Connell 2007], and her vision of
?polycentric social science? [Connell, 2013]; and finally, 3. the idea of
multiple modernities and multiple trajectories of modernization [Eisenstadt,
2002]. Historically speaking, demography as a discipline has been empirically
rich, but theoretically ?poor?. Striving towards more theory, towards
grounded theory, can profoundly enrich our understanding of the population
change, by connecting micro, mezzo and macro level into a more heuristically
rewarding manner, and, at the same time, it would be moving towards
effectiveness and meaningfulness of the population policies.
Responding to population policy - which women can provide the greatest demographic benefit in Serbia?
Authors: Vasic Petar , Gligorijevic Vera , Devedzic Mirjana
Published: January 2015

Population policy measures address all fertile women in Serbia, and the aim
is to mobilize the largest number of women to give birth. Although strong
response is desirable, not all women react, or at least not to the same
extent, to the population policy measures which are financially based in
Serbia. In this paper our intention was to identify which categories of
fertile women could give greatest demographic benefit in the near future
considering current population policy measures. We assumed that age and
socioeconomic characteristics are the most relevant for the different
response of women. Considering past structural changes of women population,
and population projection results, we tried to define which categories of
fertile women can give the greatest demographic benefit to the increase of
birth level until 2041.
Population ageing trends in Serbia from the beginning of the 21st century and prospects until 2061: Regional aspect
Authors: Penev Goran
Published: January 2015

The results of the 2011 Census confirm that Serbia is still among countries
with the oldest population in Europe. Persons aged 65+ out?numbered those
under the age of 15 by 20% (17.4% versus 14.4%), and the median age was 42.7
years. Population ageing has continued, but it was slower in the intercensal
period of 2002-2011 than during the 1980s and 1990s. Population ageing in
Serbia has not only continued but is also widespread at all territorial
levels. According to the 2011 Census, in all four statistical regions (NUTS
2), people aged 65 or older outnumbered those under the age of 15 and, in
comparison to 2002, regional differences in the key indicators of population
ageing increased. Heterogeneity is more present at lower territorial levels
(cities/municipalities) with the least favourable age structure which will be
pointed out. This paper also explores trends of components of population
dynamics in the intercensal period 2002-2011, as well as causal relationship
with the change of the age structure. Current demographic trends (low
fertility, negative natural increase, net emigration) and very old age
structure severely limit the spectrum of future demographic changes both in
the medium and especially in the short term. The situation is particularly
influenced by the entrance of the large baby boom generation in the elderly
ages. Explorations of future population trends are conducted based on the
author?s own demographic projections for Serbia until 2061 (revision 2014).
Active ageing as lifestyle on Croatian islands
Authors: Klempic-Bogadi Sanja , Podgorelec Sonja
Published: January 2015

The main feature of Croatian islands, in addition to their beautiful nature,
is the fact that they are demographically and sociologically one of the most
threatened areas affected by ageing. The ageing of the island population is
the result of a long-term depopulation caused by the continuous emigration
of the younger working-active population over the past hundred years, but
also by the retirement return migration in the last thirty years. The most
critical situation is on small islands where the majority of population is
aged over 60 and this has a significant impact on all aspects of island life.
The research conducted on small islands in the Sibenik archipelago in 2011
has shown that older people live alone, with no significant health problems
limiting their daily activities, in their own households (homes), on modest
pensions, and many of them supplement their income through agriculture. They
very often financially help their children, who live mostly in nearby
mainland cities. The necessity of self-reliance, due to the lack of younger
generations, forces the inhabitants of Croatian island to lead an active life
until their old age. Although they are no longer actively employed, they
still continue to contribute significantly to the family and society through
their involvement in various community activities.
Prerequsites for the existence of a statutory duty to provide child support to adult children in regular education under Serbian law
Authors: Pajtic Bojan , Radovanovic Sanja , Knezevic Marko
Published: January 2015

Even though parental authority ceases to exist with a child?s attainment of
adulthood, or earlier if the child obtains legal capacity through
emancipation, parenthood, as a personal relationship between the parent and
the child, is not limited in time. In essence, it presupposes that parents
take care of their children, even once the children have established their
own families. This continuing support, both emotional and material, is a
natural extension of their personal relationship. When this support is
lacking, even though necessary, the state intervenes by providing protection
(at least to some extent) in the realization of certain rights even to
children who have achieved adulthood. This protection entails, above all, the
right to education, since this right normally cannot be fulfilled prior to
coming of age. To that end, the law establishes a duty to support a child
while in regular education, even if the child is no longer a minor. The
purpose of this paper is to determine the meaning of the relevant terms with
regard to the existence of the duty to provide child support: regular
education and obvious unfairness.
Challenges for regional development and employment in tourism industry: The case of Bulgaria
Authors: Mileva-Bozanova Sonia
Published: January 2015

Tourism plays an important role in Europe, and specifically in Bulgaria, and
it makes a considerable contribution to employment and regional development.
Usually, tourism is among the sectors which are used for introduction and
application of different government measures and initiatives which aim at
increase of employment. In spite of the commitment of public institutions in
Bulgaria to stimulate tourism, as a form of sustainable development,
employment and other economic activities, we still find strong disproportions
in infra- and super-structure with tourism development being highly
concentrated on the Black sea coast. The aim of this paper was to define the
main challenges for regional employment with respect to the specifics of the
labor market requirements for new skills and competences, and bridging of the
gap between the educational curricula and market demand.
Major demographic changes in the dynamic and structure of the Romanian population after the fall of the communism
Authors: Surd Vasile , Pacurar Bogdan-Nicolae , Kantor Camelia-Maria
Published: January 2015

The post-1989 political changes in Romania had a major and at times
irreversible impact on the dynamics and structure of the population. The most
significant change was a drastic population decrease of over 3 million people
within 22 years. Important deviations were also registered in economic
sectors, resulting today in a process of artificialization of the population
share in the tertiary sector. Urban population increased slightly from around
52% in 1989 to 53.4% in 2012, following the artificial conversion of a
significant number of villages into the category of urban areas. There were
no significant changes in ethnic structure, except for the Roma population
where, due to the self-identification census, 621,573 people declared
themselves Roma (2011) as compared to around 300,000 in 1988. The largest
minority group, the Hungarians, comprises stable 6.6% of the population.
Around 2 million of unemployed people were registered during the last census
in addition to an increased number of retired people. This paper examines
some of the major demographic changes in the dynamics and structure of the
Romanian population influenced by a number of political, socio-economic,
cultural and environmental factors. It deals with analytic and moral
questions arising from an in-depth overview of the aforementioned transition
period and argues that political unbalances are clear indicators of
demographic changes and disturbances in national and regional economic
development.
On an infinite dimensional linear-quadratic problem with fixed endpoints: The continuity question
Authors: Przyłuski K.Maciej
Published: January 2015

In a Hilbert space setting, necessary and sufficient conditions for the minimum norm solution u to the equation Su = Rz to be continuously dependent on z are given. These conditions are used to study the continuity of minimum energy and linear-quadratic control problems for infinite dimensional linear systems with fixed endpoints.
Minimum energy control of fractional descriptor positive discrete-time linear systems
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz
Published: January 2015

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity and reachability of fractional descriptor positive discrete-time linear systems are established. The minimum energy control problem for descriptor positive systems is formulated and solved. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution to the minimum energy control problem are given. A procedure for computation of optimal input sequences and a minimal value of the performance index is proposed and illustrated by a numerical example.
Efficiency analysis of control algorithms in spatially distributed systems with chaotic behavior
Authors: Korus Łukasz
Published: January 2015

The paper presents results of examination of control algorithms for the purpose of controlling chaos in spatially distributed systems like the coupled map lattice (CML). The mathematical definition of the CML, stability analysis as well as some basic results of numerical simulation exposing complex, spatiotemporal and chaotic behavior of the CML were already presented in another paper. The main purpose of this article is to compare the efficiency of controlling chaos by simple classical algorithms in spatially distributed systems like CMLs. This comparison is made based on qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods proposed in the previous paper such as the indirect Lyapunov method, Lyapunov exponents and the net direction phase indicator. As a summary of this paper, some conclusions which can be useful for creating a more efficient algorithm of controlling chaos in spatially distributed systems are made.
Analytic results for oscillatory systems with extremal dynamic properties
Authors: Górecki Henryk , Zaczyk Mieczysław
Published: January 2015

The maximal value of the error is the most important criterion in system design. It is also the most difficult one. For that reason there exist many other criteria. The extreme value of the error represents the attainable accuracy which can be obtained and the corresponding extreme time gives information about how fast the transients are. The extreme values of the error and the corresponding time are treated here as functions of the roots of the characteristic equation. The proposed analytical formulae allow designing systems with prescribed dynamic properties.
On infinite horizon active fault diagnosis for a class of non-linear non-Gaussian systems
Authors: Punčochár Ivo , Šmandl Miroslav
Published: January 2015

The paper considers the problem of active fault diagnosis for discrete-time stochastic systems over an infinite time horizon. It is assumed that the switching between a fault-free and finitely many faulty conditions can be modelled by a finite-state Markov chain and the continuous dynamics of the observed system can be described for the fault-free and each faulty condition by non-linear non-Gaussian models with a fully observed continuous state. The design of an optimal active fault detector that generates decisions and inputs improving the quality of detection is formulated as a dynamic optimization problem. As the optimal solution obtained by dynamic programming requires solving the Bellman functional equation, approximate techniques are employed to obtain a suboptimal active fault detector.
A mathematical model for fluid-glucose-albumin transport in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Cherniha Roman , Stachowska-Piętka Joanna , Waniewski Jacek
Published: January 2015

A mathematical model for fluid and solute transport in peritoneal dialysis is constructed. The model is based on a threecomponent nonlinear system of two-dimensional partial differential equations for fluid, glucose and albumin transport with the relevant boundary and initial conditions. Our aim is to model ultrafiltration of water combined with inflow of glucose to the tissue and removal of albumin from the body during dialysis, by finding the spatial distributions of glucose and albumin concentrations as well as hydrostatic pressure. The model is developed in one spatial dimension approximation, and a governing equation for each of the variables is derived from physical principles. Under some assumptions the model can be simplified to obtain exact formulae for spatially non-uniform steady-state solutions. As a result, the exact formulae for fluid fluxes from blood to the tissue and across the tissue are constructed, together with two linear autonomous ODEs for glucose and albumin concentrations in the tissue. The obtained analytical results are checked for their applicability for the description of fluid-glucose-albumin transport during peritoneal dialysis.
A hybrid algorithm for solving inverse problems in elasticity
Authors: Barabasz Barbara , Gajda-Zagórska Ewa , Migórski Stanisław , Paszyński Maciej , Schaefer Robert , Smołka Maciej
Published: January 2015

The paper offers a new approach to handling difficult parametric inverse problems in elasticity and thermo-elasticity, formulated as global optimization ones. The proposed strategy is composed of two phases. In the first, global phase, the stochastic hp-HGS algorithm recognizes the basins of attraction of various objective minima. In the second phase, the local objective minimizers are closer approached by steepest descent processes executed singly in each basin of attraction. The proposed complex strategy is especially dedicated to ill-posed problems with multimodal objective functionals. The strategy offers comparatively low computational and memory costs resulting from a double-adaptive technique in both forward and inverse problem domains. We provide a result on the Lipschitz continuity of the objective functional composed of the elastic energy and the boundary displacement misfits with respect to the unknown constitutive parameters. It allows common scaling of the accuracy of solving forward and inverse problems, which is the core of the introduced double-adaptive technique. The capability of the proposed method of finding multiple solutions is illustrated by a computational example which consists in restoring all feasible Young modulus distributions minimizing an objective functional in a 3D domain of a photo polymer template obtained during step and flash imprint lithography.
A finite-buffer queue with a single vacation policy: An analytical study with evolutionary positioning
Authors: Woźniak Marcin , Kempa Wojciech M. , Gabryel Marcin , Nowicki Robert K.
Published: January 2015

In this paper, application of an evolutionary strategy to positioning a GI/M/1/N-type finite-buffer queueing system with exhaustive service and a single vacation policy is presented. The examined object is modeled by a conditional joint transform of the first busy period, the first idle time and the number of packets completely served during the first busy period. A mathematical model is defined recursively by means of input distributions. In the paper, an analytical study and numerical experiments are presented. A cost optimization problem is solved using an evolutionary strategy for a class of queueing systems described by exponential and Erlang distributions.
Accelerating backtrack search with a best-first-search strategy
Authors: Mann Zoltán Ádám , Szép Tamás
Published: January 2015

Backtrack-style exhaustive search algorithms for NP-hard problems tend to have large variance in their runtime. This is because “fortunate” branching decisions can lead to finding a solution quickly, whereas “unfortunate” decisions in another run can lead the algorithm to a region of the search space with no solutions. In the literature, frequent restarting has been suggested as a means to overcome this problem. In this paper, we propose a more sophisticated approach: a best-firstsearch heuristic to quickly move between parts of the search space, always concentrating on the most promising region. We describe how this idea can be efficiently incorporated into a backtrack search algorithm, without sacrificing optimality. Moreover, we demonstrate empirically that, for hard solvable problem instances, the new approach provides significantly higher speed-up than frequent restarting.
An analytical method for well-formed workflow/Petri net verification of classical soundness
Authors: Clempner Julio
Published: January 2015

In this paper we consider workflow nets as dynamical systems governed by ordinary difference equations described by a particular class of Petri nets. Workflow nets are a formal model of business processes. Well-formed business processes correspond to sound workflow nets. Even if it seems necessary to require the soundness of workflow nets, there exist business processes with conditional behavior that will not necessarily satisfy the soundness property. In this sense, we propose an analytical method for showing that a workflow net satisfies the classical soundness property using a Petri net. To present our statement, we use Lyapunov stability theory to tackle the classical soundness verification problem for a class of dynamical systems described by Petri nets. This class of Petri nets allows a dynamical model representation that can be expressed in terms of difference equations. As a result, by applying Lyapunov theory, the classical soundness property for workflow nets is solved proving that the Petri net representation is stable. We show that a finite and non-blocking workflow net satisfies the sound property if and only if its corresponding PN is stable, i.e., given the incidence matrix A of the corresponding PN, there exists a Փ strictly positive m vector such that AՓ≤ 0. The key contribution of the paper is the analytical method itself that satisfies part of the definition of the classical soundness requirements. The method is designed for practical applications, guarantees that anomalies can be detected without domain knowledge, and can be easily implemented into existing commercial systems that do not support the verification of workflows. The validity of the proposed method is successfully demonstrated by application examples.
Encroachment of Canals of Dhaka City,
Bangladesh: An Investigative Approach
Authors: Ishtiaque Asif , Mahmud Mallik Sezan , Rafi Mahmudul Hasan
Published: January 2015

Dhaka City has been suffering from many environmental problems including
flooding, water logging and other related problems. Urbanization, which is occurring very fast
and with larger magnitude in Dhaka, is the intrinsic reason behind these problems. High rate of
urbanization causes extensive urban area expansion and as a result canals, wetland and other
water bodies are quickly vanishing from the landscape. This study shows the present physical
condition of the canals; identifies the processes of canal encroachment; represents the
consequences of canal encroachment. 13 canals of 50 were surveyed; local people were
surveyed to identify the impact and processes of encroachment. According to this study, canals
of Dhaka city are under serious threat of extinction and require immediate recovery actions.
Canals are being encroached in various styles and this study identifies five: unauthorized land
filling, illegal construction over canal, expansion of slum, solid waste dumping, taking
advantage of lack of awareness of local people as well as government agencies. However, this
study also discusses the grave consequences of canal encroachment: increasing flood
vulnerability, wane of ground water recharge area and ground water level, collapse of natural
drainage system, loss of local ecology and biodiversity.