bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil Organic Matter and Carbon Stocks in Soils of Technogenic Landscapes in the Middle Taiga Subzone of the European North-East of Russia
Authors: Лиханова И.А. , Кузнецова Е.Г. , Холопов Ю.В. , Денева С.В. , Лаптева Е.М.
Published: July 2024

Обследованы почвы, развитые на разных субстратах (флювиогляциальные пески и супеси, моренные суглинки и древнеаллювиальные пески), которые формируются в ходе восстановления лесных экосистем на посттехногенных территориях в среднетаежной подзоне европейского северо-востока России (Республика Коми). Объектами исследования стали карьеры по добыче полезных ископаемых (строительного песка) и контрольные участки в окрестностях карьеров. Установлено, что процесс почвообразования функционально связан с формированием растительного покрова. Выявлены особенности накопления почвенного органического вещества в почвах в ходе искусственного и естественного лесовосстановления. Показано, что в средней тайге темпы биогенной аккумуляции органического вещества замедленны. В автоморфных условиях скорость накопления Сорг. в почве песчаного карьера достигала 0,07, песчано-супесчаного - 0,30, суглинистого - 0,61 т/га/год. К концу второго десятилетия в верхнем 20-сантиметровом слое почв на песчано-супесчаном субстрате аккумулируется до 5,4 т/га органического углерода, на суглинистом - 10,9 т/га, к концу четвертого десятилетия в песчаной почве - до 3,5 т/га. Запасы Сорг. в формирующихся почвах в 2-5 раза ниже по сравнению с подзолистыми почвами на контрольных участках.

The article deals with the soils being formed during the restoration of forest ecosystems on post-technogenic territories in the middle taiga subzone of the European North-East of Russia (Komi Republic). The targets of research were quarries for the extraction of minerals (construction sand) and background areas in the vicinity of quarries. The work describes soils developed on different materials (fluvioglacial sands and sandy loams, moraine loams and ancient alluvial sands). The soil formation process is functionally related to the vegetation cover formation process. The study discovered the principles of soil organic matter accumulation during artificial and natural reforestation. In the middle taiga zone, the biogenic accumulation rates of organic matter are slow. Under automorphic conditions, the accumulation rate of Corg. in sand reached 0.07, in sand-sandy loam - 0.30, and in loam - 0.61 t/ha/year. By the end of the second restoration decade, the upper 20-cm soil layer accumulates 5.4 t organic carbon/ha in sand-sandy loam and 10.9 t organic carbon/ha in loam. The sandy soil accumulates 3.5 t organic carbon/ha by the end of the fourth restoration decade. The content of Corg. in young soils is by 2-5 times less than that in background podzolic soils.
Effect of Runoff-Regulating Forest Strip of Combined Design with Low-Growing Shrubs on Meltwater Runoff in the Central Forest-Steppe
Authors: Петелько А.И. , Дубенок Н.Н. , Калиниченко Р.В. , Градусов В.М.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения влияния стокорегулирующей лесной полосы комбинированной конструкции с низкорослым кустарником на основные природные факторы в опытном хозяйстве «Новосильское» Новосильского района Орловской обл. В многофакторном стационарном опыте осуществляли полевые наблюдения за снегонакоплением, промерзанием почвы и её влажностью, снеготаянием, весенним стоком талых вод, оттаиванием почвы и водопоглощением. В результате наблюдений выявлена роль главных природных факторов и их воздействие на формирование стока в весенний период. Определены закономерности снегоотложения в комбинированной стокорегулирующей лесной полосе с низкорослым кустарником. Установлено, что неглубокое промерзание почвы способствует постепенному просачиванию в нее талой воды. На агрофоне «зяблевая вспашка» с учётом отсутствия лесных насаждений (контроль) водопоглощение талой воды в среднем составило 71,2 мм, сток - 2,9 мм. На агрофоне «зябь» со стокорегулирующей лесной полосой и низкорослым кустарником эти показатели были выше и составили 80,7-87,3 мм и 1,5-1,8 мм соответственно, т.е. снеговой воды просочилось больше, а поверхностный сток был меньше по сравнению с контролем.

The purpose of scientific research is to study the influence of low-growing shrubs in a runoff-regulating forest belt of a combined design on the main natural factors. Research work was carried out in the experimental farm of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Novosilskoye” in the Novosilsky district of the Oryol region. In a multifactorial stationary experiment, field observations of snow accumulation, soil freezing and moisture, snowmelt, spring meltwater runoff, soil thawing and water absorption were carried out. As a result of observations, the role of the main natural factors and their interaction on the formation of water runoff in the spring was revealed. The regularities of snow deposition in the combined runoff-regulating forest belt with stunted shrubs are also given. It has been established that shallow freezing of the soil contributes to the gradual infiltration of melt water into the soil. On the agrobackground “autumn plowing”, taking into account the absence of forest plantations (control), the water absorption of melt water averaged 71.2 mm, runoff - 2.9 mm. On the agrobackground “plowing” with a runoff-regulating forest belt and undersized shrubs, these indicators were higher and equaled 80.7-87.3 mm, runoff - 1.5-1.8 mm, i.e. more snow water leaked out, and the surface runoff was less compared to the control.
Genetic Diversity of Norway Spruce in Natural Stands Contaminated with Heavy Metals in Varying Degrees in the North-West of Russia
Authors: Андреев А.Е. , Баранова А.И. , Калько Г.В.
Published: July 2024

В условиях интенсификации промышленности и изменения климата исследование взаимосвязи накопления растениями тяжелых металлов и уровня генетического разнообразия их популяций актуально для оценки адаптацион­ного потенциала лесообразующих древесных пород. Исследование посвящено изучению параметров генетического разнообразия ели европейской в микросателлитных локусах в насаждениях с разной степенью загрязненности тяжелыми металлами. Объекты исследований – пробные площади в Ленинградской обл. вблизи металлургического предприятия ООО «Орион-Спецсплав-Гатчина» (Гатчинское лесничество) и автотрасс в Тосненском районе (Любанское лесничество). Метод исследования – анализ полиморфизма в ядерных EST-SSR локусах. Загрязненность пробных площадей тяжелыми металлами Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd была установлена по их содержанию в хвое ели. Отмечена тенденция снижения генетического разнообразия (число эффективных аллелей – Ne, индекс разнообразия Шеннона – I) и ожидаемая гетерозиготность (Ho) у взрослых елей и подроста на наиболее загрязненных пробных площадях вблизи металлургического предприятия. При попарном сравнении FST популяций выявлено, что популяции пробных площадей Гатчина1 и Гатчина2, наиболее загрязненные тяжелыми металлами и самые близкие к источнику загрязнения в г. Гатчине, имеют некоторую степень обособленности от других популяций в Гатчинском и Тосненском районах, расположенных на расстоянии 19–38 км от них.

The investigation of the relationship between the accumulation of heavy metals by plants and the level of genetic diversity of their populations is relevant for assessing the adaptive potential of forest-forming tree species under the conditions of industrial development and climate change. The study is devoted to assessing the parameters of genetic diversity of Norway spruce in microsatellite loci in natural stands with varying heavy metals contamination. The objects of research are trial plots in the Leningrad region near the metallurgical enterprise “Orion-Specseplav-Gatchina” LLC (Gatchinskoye forestry) and near highways in the Tosnensky district (Lyubanskoye forestry). Research method – analysis of polymorphism in nuclear EST-SSR loci. Contamination of test plots with heavy metals Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd was determined by their content in spruce needles. A trend towards a decrease in genetic diversity (number of effective alleles – Ne, Shannon diversity index – I, expected heterozygosity – He) was noted in mature spruces and undergrowth on the most polluted test plots near the metallurgical enterprise. Pairwise comparison of FST indices of populations revealed that populations from the Gatchina1 and Gatchina2 sample plots, which are the most contaminated with heavy metals and are closest to the source of pollution in Gatchina, have some degree of apartness from other populations in the Gatchina and Tosnensky districts, located at a distance of 19–38 km from them.
Climate Сhange and its Impact on the Vital State of Forest-Steppe Populations of the Common Pine of the Russian Plain
Authors: Кузнецова Н.Ф.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены проблемы изменения климата и последствий его воздействия на сосновые леса лесостепного района Русской равнины. Анализ среднегодовых температур показал, что в начале XXI в. регион вступил в фазу быстрых климатических изменений. За последние 15 лет темпы потепления ускорились в 1,7 раза, число засух удвоилось, количество оптимальных лет за 10-летний период снизилось с 8 до 5. Обобщены результаты 35-летнего мониторинга систем семенного размножения сосны обыкновенной (Воронежская обл., Ступинский тест-объект, 30 деревьев). Исходно лесостепные популяции представляли собой устойчивые равновесные системы, и основные элементы семенного размножения – самофертильность, полнозернистость, число семян на шишку – находились в динамическом равновесии со средой обитания. Потепление климата, 8-летняя тепловая волна и засухи вызвали в 2015 г. переход сосновых лесов в более низкое жизненное состояние – слабонеравновесной системы. Установлено, что для возврата в равновесие им потребовалось 3 оптимальных года. В настоящее время северная и центральная популяции находятся в устойчивом равновесии, жизненное состояние южной лесостепной более низкое – неустойчивого равновесия. Дальнейшее потепление климата повышает вероятность повторной дестабилизации сосновых лесов, а уменьшение числа оптимальных лет исключает возвращение в исходное состояние.

The problems of climate change and its effects on the pine forests of the forest-steppe region of the Russian plain are considered. The analysis of average annual temperatures showed that at the beginning of the XXI century the region entered a phase of rapid climatic changes. Over the last 15 years the rate of warming accelerated 1.7 times, the number of droughts doubled, the number of optimal years decreased from 8 to 5 / 10 years. The results of 35-year monitoring of seed multiplication systems of Scots pine (Voronezh region, Stupino test object, 30 trees) are summarized. Initially, forest-steppe populations represented stable equilibrium systems and the main elements of seed reproduction – self-fertility, proportion of plump seeds, number of seeds per cone were in dynamic equilibrium with the habitat. Climate warming, an 8-year heat wave, and droughts caused pine forests to transition to a lower life state in 2015, a weakly non-equilibrium system. It was found that it took them three optimal years to return to equilibrium. At present, the northern and central populations are in stable equilibrium, the life state of the southern forest-steppe is lower – unstable equilibrium. Further climate warming increases the probability of pine forests destabilizing again, and a decrease in the number of optimal years precludes a return to the initial state.
Stephanitis pyri Fabricius 1775 (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Tingidae) – Outbreak of Mass Reproduction
Authors: Гниненко Ю.И. , Налепин В.П.
Published: July 2024

Проведен анализ находок особей клопа грушевая кружевница и определен круг предпочитаемых им кормовых растений. Установлено, что в 2021–2022 гг. этот клоп сформировал очаги массового размножения в лесах, озеленительных и защитных посадках от Белгорода до Волгограда. Повсеместно питающиеся особи клопа не нанесли очень сильных повреждений кормовым породам, уничтожив до 30 % листвы, но существенно снизили эстетические качества озеленительных посадок. Представлена шкала категорий эстетического состояния растений в зависимости от степени повреждения листвы.

The analysis of the finds of individuals of the pear lace bug was carried out and the range of fodder plants preferred by it was determined. It is established that in 2021–2022 this bug formed foci in the strip from Belgorod to Volgograd. The ubiquitous bugs did not cause very severe damage to forage species, destroying up to 30 % of foliage, but significantly reduced the aesthetic qualities of landscaping. A scale of categories of aesthetic condition of plants depending on the degree of damage to the foliage is presented.
Analysis of the Assortment of Chinese Gardens – UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Authors: Голосова Е.В. , Лю М.
Published: July 2024

Проанализировано богатство и разнообразие китайской флоры на примере 9 садов городского округа Сучжоу провинции Цзянсу, расположенной в дельте крупнейшей азиатской реки Янцзы. Сады созданы в XI–XIX вв. и с 1997 г. включены в Список объектов Всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО. Для изучения ассортимента садов применяли методы сравнительного анализа, исторический метод и статистические методы обработки баз данных. Традиционно видовой состав китайских садов напрямую зависит от их площади. Установлено, что из 187 видов растений, произрастающих в исторических садах Сучжоу, только 15 являются интродуцентами, при этом 97 % видов относятся к Японо-Китайской флористической области; 8 видов встречаются в каждом из исследуемых садов. Все растения китайского происхождения имеют важное хозяйственное и этнокультурное значение.

The richness and diversity of Chinese flora is analyzed on the example of 9 gardens of the Suzhou City District of Jiangsu Province, located in the delta of the largest Asian Yangtze River. The gardens were created in the XI–XIX centuries and since 1997 have been included in the List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Methods of comparative analysis, historical method and statistical methods of database processing were used to study the assortment of gardens. Traditionally, the species composition of Chinese gardens directly depends on their area. It was found that out of 187 plant species growing in the historical gardens of Suzhou, only 15 species are introduced, while 97 % of the species belong to the Japanese-Chinese floristic region; 8 species are found in each of the studied gardens. All plants of Chinese origin have important economic and ethno-cultural significance.
The Effectiveness of the Reformation of Soft-Leaved Plantations Into Coniferous-Deciduous in the Territory of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Ильин Ф.С. , Дорощенкова Э.В. , Гарипов Н.Р. , Закиров Г.Д. , Чернов В.И.
Published: July 2024

Проанализированы и обобщены многолетние опытно-производственные работы по переформированию мягколиственных насаждений в хвойн0-лиственные на территории Республики Татарстан. Обследования проводили в 2023 г. На участках елово-пихтово-лиственных насаждений, созданных в 1962–1990 гг. 2–4-приемными рубками переформирования мягколиственных насаждений с подростом ели и пихты, обследованы 8 участков общей площадью 24,6 га, на которых заложено 16 пробных площадей. В производных мягколиственных насаждениях без проведения рубок выделено 3 контрольных участка общей площадью 8,2 га и заложено 6 пробных площадей. Анализ состояния елово-пихтово-лиственных насаждений, созданных рубками переформирования мягколиственных насаждений, убедительно доказывает их лесоводственную, экологическую и экономическую эффективность, а также целесообразность дальнейшего применения в соответствующих лесорастительных условиях Татарстана.

The long-term experimental and production work on the transformation of soft-leaved plantations into coniferous on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is analyzed and summarized. Surveys were carried out in 2023. In areas of sprus-fir-deciduous t plantations created in 1962–1990 by 2–4-receiving cuttings of reformation of soft-leaved plantations with the growth of spruce and fir, 8 plots with a total area of 24.6 hectares were surveyed, on which 16 test areas were laid. In the derived soft-leaved plantations, 3 control plots with a total area of 8.2 hectares were allocated without re-forming logging and 6 trial areas were laid. The analysis of the state of spruce-fir plantations formed by the felling of soft-leaved plantations into coniferous-deciduous ones convincingly proves their forestry, ecological and economic efficiency, as well as the expediency of further application in the appropriate forest growing conditions of Tatarstan.
Cockchafer Melolonta hippocastani Becomes a Dangerous Pest of Forests Аgain
Authors: Гниненко Ю.И. , Галич Д.Е. , Цуканов Я.В. , Банникова О.А. , Алпацкая Ю.И.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрена ситуация с возрастающей опасностью майского хруща для вновь создаваемых культур сосны в ряде регионов России. Вред от личинок хруща становится всё более заметным, однако работники лесного хозяйства ещё не относятся к этому вредителю как того требует реальная обстановка, так как не осознают реальность угрозы. Показано, что в некоторых регионах (в частности, в Ростовской и Тюменской областях) численность личинок хруща уже значительно превышает допустимый уровень на многих площадях лесных культур. Это может содействовать формированию новых очагов майского хруща во вновь создаваемых культурах. Повреждения, наносимые личинками хруща корням растений, становятся основной причиной их гибели. Формирование очагов массового размножения приведет к возникновению проблем с воспроизводством лесов в ближайшие годы, успешное создание лесных культур станет невозможным без проведения специальных мер по защите от майского хруща.

The situation with the increasing danger of Melolontha hippocastani f. for newly created pine crops in a number of regions of Russia has been considered. The harm from beetle’s larvae is becoming more and more noticeable, but forestry workers do not yet treat this pest as required by the real situation. It has been shown that in some regions (in particular, in Rostov and Tyumen regions) the number of larvae already significantly exceeds the permissible level in many forest areas. This may contribute to the formation of new foci of cockchafer in newly created forest crops. The damage caused to the roots of plants by the larvae of the crunch becomes the main cause of their death. The formation of foci of mass reproduction will lead to difficulties with the reproduction of forests in the coming years, the successful creation of forest crops will become impossible without special measures to protect against the cockchafer.
Problems of Preserving the Gene Pool of Petiole Oak in the Forests of the Central Chernozem Region
Authors: Кострикин В.А.
Published: July 2024

Проблемы сохранения генофонда дуба черешчатого в лесах Центрально-Черноземного района (ЦЧР) обусловлены снижением жизнеспособности перестойных, спелых и приспевающих насаждений, а также отсутствием под пологом материнского древостоя благонадежного подроста. На выделенных объектах сохранения генетических ресурсов дуб не возобновляется естественным путем: происходит смена на сопутствующие лиственные породы. Цель исследования – изучить современное состояние генетических резерватов дуба и рекомендовать технологические приемы его семенного возобновления, что обеспечит образование нового поколения леса с сохранением природного многообразия. Рассматриваются варианты комбинированного и искусственного восстановления дуба для поддержания разнообразия в рамках вида. Из этих культур впоследствии предполагается сформировать постоянные лесосеменные участки, которые будут продуцировать семена с природным генетическим разнообразием. Сохранение качества генофонда при выращивании культур можно определить как один из приемов непрерывного динамического поддержания многообразия генетических ресурсов в процессе лесохозяйственной деятельности.

The problems of preserving the gene pool of petiole oak in the oak forests of the Central Chernozem Region are explained by the absence of reliable young growth in mature and ripening plantations. Dedicated objects of genetic resources conservation, first of all genetic reserves, are not renewed by oaks naturally. There is a change to associated hardwoods. The aim of the research is to study the present state of oak genetic reserves and recommend technological methods of its seed regeneration, which would provide formation of new forest generation with preservation of natural diversity. This task can only be solved by an active forestry impact on the process of forest reproduction. The article considers options for the use of combined regeneration and the creation of specialized cultures of oak to maintain diversity within the species. These crops can subsequently be used to form permanent forest seed plots, which will produce seeds with natural genetic diversity. The preservation of the gene pool richness by this technology can be defined as one of the methods of continuous dynamic maintenance of the diversity of genetic resources in the process of human economic activity.
The Use of Long-Acting Mineral Fertilizers in the Сultivation of Seedlings of Western Thuja with a Closed Root System in the Conditions
Authors: Боровков В.В. , Демченко Г.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье приведены результаты испытания капсулированных удобрений пролонгированного действия (УПД) торговых марок Осмокот, Базакот и Рускот в сравнении со стандартной системой удобрения контейнерной культуры туи западной (Thuja occidentalis L.). Показана эффективность применения УПД как при внутрипочвенном, так и при поверхностном внесении. Изучена динамика выделения солей из различных УПД в водный раствор при 24 °С и 8 °С. Определены эффективность применения и отсутствие фитотоксичности рекомендованных производителями доз УПД Осмокот экзакт стандарт хай К 6М (4 г/л) и Рускот хвойный 6М (4 г/л) при посадке саженцев туи западной в контейнеры, в том числе и в осенние сроки. Установлена длительность действия УПД в климатических условиях Тверской обл., которая составляет два вегетационных периода.

The article presents the results of testing long-acting encapsulated fertilizers (UPD) of the Osmokot, Bazakot and Ruskot brands in comparison with a standard fertilizer system for a container crop of Thuja occidentalis L. The effectiveness of using UPD has been shown for both subsoil and surface application. The dynamics of the release of salts from various UPDs into an aqueous solution at 24 °С and 8 °С was studied. The effectiveness of use and the absence of phytotoxicity of the doses recommended by the manufacturers of UPD Osmokot exakt standard high K 6M 4 g/l and Ruskot coniferous 6M 4 g/l when planting western thuja (Thuja occidentalis L) seedlings in containers, including during autumn planting, have been shown. The duration of action of the UPD in the climatic conditions of the Tver region has been established, which is two growing seasons.
The Effect of Root Formation Stimulants on the Rooting of Green Cuttings of Thuja occidentalis L. in the Arkhangelsk region
Authors: Антонов А.М. , Макаров С.С. , Лютикова А.И. , Сорокин Е.С. , Чудецкий А.И.
Published: July 2024

Туя западная (Thuja occidentalis L.) успешно используется в озеленении городов многих регионов России, однако слабо внедрена в посадки г. Архангельска и Архангельской обл. В условиях импортозамещения необходимо обеспечить повышение темпов производства посадочного материала вечнозеленых и зимостойких растений для озеленения населенных пунктов в северных районах с коротким вегетационным периодом. С этой целью проведено изучение влияния 5-ти стимуляторов корнеобразования (Корневин, Гетероауксин, Рибав-Экстра, Циркон, Радигрин) на укоренение зеленых черенков Th. occidentalis двух сортов (‘Brabant’ и ‘Woodwardii’) в природно-климатических условиях Архангельской обл. Исследования проводили на территории Дендрологического сада имени И.М. Стратоновича (г. Архангельск). Максимальная укореняемость зеленых черенков Th. оccidentalis обоих сортов отмечена при опудривании базальных концов препаратом Корневин – 76–90 %, что в 1,3 раза больше, чем в контрольном варианте (замачивание черенков в воде). Наиболее высокие показатели укореняемости зеленых черенков (54–90 %) и общего числа образовавшихся корней I, II и III порядков (136–739 шт.) отмечены у Th. occidentalis сорта ‘Woodwardii’. Приведен сравнительный анализ опытов по изучению способности к укоренению сортов Th. occidentalis в пределах одного вида с использованием ростостимулирующих препаратов в других регионах.

Thuja occidentalis L. is successfully used in urban landscaping in many regions of Russia, but is poorly introduced into plantings in the conditions of Arkhnagelsk and the Arkhangelsk region. It is necessary to increase the rate of production of planting material of evergreen and winter-hardy plants to green settlements in Northern regions with a short growing season in conditions of import substitution. The results of studies on the influence of 5 types of root formation stimulants (Kornevin, Heteroauxin, Ribav-Extra, Zircon, Radigrin) on the rooting of green cuttings of Th. occidentalis of two cultivar forms (‘Brabant’, ‘Woodwardii’) in the natural and climatic conditions of the Arkhangelsk region. The research was carried out on the territory of the Dendrological Garden named after I.M. Stratonovich (Arkhangelsk). Maximum rooting rates of Th. occidentalis are obtained by dusting the basal ends of green cuttings with the preparation Kornevin (76–90 %), which exceeded the indicators in the control variant (soaking the cuttings in water) by 1.3 times (for the cultivar ‘Brabant’) and 1.3 times (for the cultivar ‘Woodwardii’). The highest rates of rooting of green cuttings (54–90 %) and the total number of formed roots of the first, second and third orders (136–739 pieces) are observed in Th. occidentalis of cultivar ‘Woodwardii’. A comparative analysis of experiments to study the rooting ability of varietal forms of Th. occidentalis within one species using growth-promoting drugs in other regions.
Analysis of the Forest Fire Situation in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Гоман П.Н.
Published: July 2024

Обеспечение пожарной безопасности в лесах относится к одной из наиболее актуальных задач Республики Беларусь и является важнейшим направлением деятельности государственной лесной охраны. В экстремально засушливые годы пожары на землях лесного фонда охватывают значительные площади, нанося ущерб, проявляющийся в снижении экологических, водорегулирующих, санитарно-гигиенических, климатических и других функций леса. В последние годы из-за глобального потепления климата лесопожарная обстановка в ряде стран мира, включая Беларусь, особенно обострилась. Во многих странах фиксируется увеличение числа и площади пожаров, что приводит к тяжелым последствиям для окружающей среды. Действенные ранее методы и способы предупреждения и ликвидации лесных пожаров становятся менее эффективными и требуют совершенствования. Анализ причин возникновения лесных пожаров в Республике Беларусь показывает, что подавляющее их количество происходит по вине населения. При этом значительная часть пожаров (около 71 %) возникает с 13 до 19 ч, что связано с увеличивающейся в это время посещаемостью лесов и высокой температурой воздуха. Наиболее тяжелые последствия лесных пожаров наблюдались в 2002 и 2015 г., когда площадь, пройденная огнем, составила 23,2 тыс. и 16,9 тыс. га соответственно.

Ensuring fire safety in forests is one of the most pressing tasks of the Republic of Belarus and is one of the most important areas of activity of the state forest protection. In extremely dry years, fires on forest lands cover significant areas, causing damage, manifested in a decrease in the ecological, water-regulating, sanitary-hygienic, climatic and other functions of the forest. In recent years, due to global warming, the forest fire situation in a number of countries around the world, including Belarus, has become especially aggravated. In many countries, an increase in the number and area of fires is recorded, which leads to severe consequences for the environment. Previously effective methods and methods for preventing and eliminating forest fires are becoming less effective and require improvement. The analysis of the causes of forest fires in the Republic of Belarus shows that the vast majority of them occur due to population fault. At the same time, a significant part of fires (about 71 %) occur from 13 to 19 hours, which is associated with an increase in forest attendance at this time and high air temperatures. The most severe consequences of forest fires were observed in 2002 and 2015, when the area covered by fire was 23.2 thousand and 16.9 thousand hectares respectively.
On the Question оf the Influence оf Forest Fires on the Ecosystem оf Lake Baikal: analytical review
Authors: Мартынюк А.А. , Трушина И.Г. , Сергеева Ю.А. , Трушина Н.И. , Макеева Ю.И.
Published: July 2024

В обзоре представлены данные о лесопирологической ситуации на Байкальской природной территории, отражены закономерности влияния лесных пожаров на динамику и состояние лесов. На основе обобщения результатов опубликованных научных исследований и собственных экспертных расчетов проведена оценка загрязнения атмосферного воздуха над акваторией Байкала продуктами горения лесных материалов и связанных с этим отрицательных эффектов, что может выражаться в изменении гидрологического и гидрохимического режима водной среды, потенциала биологического разнообразия и жизнеспособности гидробионтов. Результаты анализа научных источников не дают достаточных оснований считать пирогенный фактор главной причиной наблюдаемых негативных изменений состояния водной экосистемы озера. В целях усиления доказательной базы оценок воздействия на нее лесных пожаров требуется дальнейшее проведение специальных экспериментальных исследований в данном направлении.

The article presents data on the forest-pyrological situation in the Baikal natural territory, reflects the patterns of the influence of forest fires on the dynamics and condition of forests. Based on the generalization of the results of published scientific research and our own expert calculations, an assessment of atmospheric air pollution over the Baikal water area by products of burning forest and related negative effects, changes in the hydrological and hydrochemical regime of the lake ecosystem, and the state of hydrobionts was carried out. Gorenje The results of the analyzed scientific sources do not provide sufficient grounds to consider the forest-pyrogenic factor as the main cause of the observed negative changes in the state of the lake’s aquatic ecosystem. In order to strengthen the evidence base for assessing the impact of forest fires on it, further special experimental studies in this direction are required.
The Application of Intelligent Speech Recognition in the Teaching of Spoken English in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Sun Yan
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of science and technology, the use of artificial intelligence in the field of higher education is becoming more and more common. The use of intelligent speech recognition technology in English teaching in colleges and universities is on the rise. The research utilizes speech recognition logic to create a hybrid CTC/Attention model for teaching spoken English in colleges and universities. Then we compare and analyze the performance of artificial speech recognition models, such as the HMM model and CTC/Attention model, and explore the effects of teaching English speaking in colleges and universities using this model. In terms of the overall recognition rate, with the increase of the test vocabulary, the recognition rates of both the artificial speech recognition model and the HMM model decrease, while the CTC/Attention model shows an increasing trend. Except for intonation, the CTC/Attention model has the best recognition rate performance across all dimensions. Through the college-speaking teaching experiment based on the CTC/Attention model, the students’ total English speaking performance, accuracy, fluency, and complexity were improved. The Sig values of total speaking achievement, accuracy, fluency, and complexity are less than 0.05. College English-speaking teaching with intelligent speech recognition has a significant positive impact on the improvement of student’s English-speaking achievement, as indicated.
Explainable deep learning model for predicting money laundering transactions
Authors: Kute Dattatray Vishnu , Pradhan Biswajeet , Shukla Nagesh , Alamri Abdullah
Published: July 2024

Money laundering has been a global issue for decades. The ever-changing technology landscape, digital channels, and regulations make it increasingly difficult. Financial institutions use rule-based systems to detect suspicious money laundering transactions. However, it suffers from large false positives (FPs) that lead to operational efforts or misses on true positives (TPs) that increase the compliance risk. This paper presents a study of convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict money laundering and employs SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) explainable artificial intelligence (AI) method to explain the CNN predictions. The results highlight the role of CNN in detecting suspicious transactions with high accuracy and SHAP’s role in bringing out the rationale of deep learning predictions.
ENHANCING ANGKLUNG PERFORMANCES USING A MIDI CONTROLLER
Authors: Earleen  , Utama Hadian Satria , Calvinus Yohanes
Published: July 2024

Angklung is musical instrument originated from Indonesia, specifically West Java. It consists of bamboo tubes, connected to a bamboo frame. Sound is generated when the bamboo frame shakes, causing the bamboo tubes to oscillate. This musical instrument is played by an ensemble or individually. Music technology advancement has improved, allowing musicians to explore new possibilities for creating and performing music. One of the most important aspects of music technology is the existence of a communication protocol called the Musical Instrument Digital Interface, or MIDI in short. MIDI allows communication between electronic musical instruments as well as computers. The aim of this research is to create a prototype that allows users to control the angklung using a MIDI controller. The overall system requires a personal computer, a microcontroller, relay, and DC motor. The MIDI controller is used as an input, connected to a small-single board computer via a USB connection. The personal computer is used to proess incoming MIDI data. The microcontroller is used to receive input signal from the small single board computer, in order to control DC motor according to its pitch. The result shows that the prototype is able to function properly, as the angklung will shake according to its input from the MIDI controller.
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS BASED ON THE SIX SIGMA METHOD
Authors: Salomon Lithrone Laricha , Kristina Helena Juliana , Kosasih Wilson
Published: July 2024

The Six Sigma method is used as an effort to minimize defective products and improve product quality in a company. This research was conducted using the DMAIC step. The case study taken in this research is the electrical components and samples of the product is Bakelite busbar Holder are taken. Based on field studies conducted, this product has the highest defect rate in the company compared to other products, namely 1.448%. The purpose of this research is to identify the causes of defects in bakelite busbar holder products and to propose strategies to minimize product defects using the Six Sigma method approach. By using the DMAIC stage, in the define stage, the problematic products are determined and critical to quality diagrams are made. In the measure stage, calculations are carried out to determine the company's DPMO and sigma level, namely 3021.87 and 4.24. In the analyze phase, Pareto diagrams, fishbone diagrams, and FMEA are used. In the improve stage, the 5W + 1H method is used and provides suggestions for improvements in the form of a material storage area design and One Point Lesson. Whereas in the final stage, control is implementing using the proposals given and analyzing the results after the implementation is carried out. Based on the implementation carried out, the DPMO value was 1312.69 and the sigma value was 4.509. It can be seen that the DPMO value decreased by 56.56% and the company's sigma value increased by 5.846%
DESIGNING RAIL SHOOTER GAME “ZOMBIE ARCADE” BASED ON ANDROID WITH GYROSCOPE
Authors: Kristian Joshua , Pragantha Jeanny , Haris Darius Andana
Published: July 2024

"Zombie Arcade" is a three-dimensional rail shooter game designed specifically for Android smartphones. The game will be created using Unity 3D game engine, which is a widely known and frequently used platform for developing Android games. In "Zombie Arcade," players will face with various challenges in order to defeat all enemies, with the goal to reach the safe area. The game will utilizes the Gyroscope feature found in smartphones, allowing players to move the camera, aim enemies, and shoot them.
PROCESS, SCENARIO, AND RISK OF PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT WITH CASE STUDY OF LRT CITY CIRACAS
Authors: Wijaya Karen , Tjandra Jessica , Santoso Jo
Published: July 2024

The primary aim of this Paper is to outline results and to summarize research findings on property development strategies and processes that increase the chances of successful Real Estate development starting by using the eight stages of Cadman and Topping to anticipating possible risks and looking at alternative development scenarios under the influence of a pandemic, and developments’ digital technology. The case study that will be taken in this paper is the LRT CITY Ciracas Project in Jakarta, which is an Apartment and Retail complex project developed with the TOD concept or Transit Oriented Development, where the project complex is directly connected to the LRT CITY Ciracas station. The property development process is complex and high risk. Land value-oriented developers will create development scenarios that seek to analyze the best land value to be developed in accordance with the regulations and market needs at that time by presenting innovative designs or superior designs that meet feasibility studies and are presented with development stages that can also maximize land value. The Evaluation stage is the deciding point where the developer can make a decision to move forward until the development is complete, even though there are difficulties and risks that might hinder the development process that must be faced or the developer can decide to back off and change his development plan. In addition to risk, developers need to take into account the development steps so that unexpected things do not arise.
PERCEIVED USABILITY EVALUATION OF GAMEDEV FTI UNTAR’S WEBSITE AS ASSET DATABASE USING SYSTEM USABILITY SCALE
Authors: Lim Carlene , Wasino Wasino , Andana Haris Darius
Published: July 2024

Game Development (GameDev) is one of the specializations from Informatics Engineering Major, Faculty of Information Technology, Tarumangara University (FTI Untar). In order to address the issue raised by GameDev FTI Untar's earlier research, a website with three separate user types—admin, student, and guest—was created using the Software Development Life Cycle Prototype model. This website must now be tested to be able to be implemented in GameDev FTI Untar. The System Usability Scale was used as a tool to rate the usability of Gamedev FTI Untar's website in this study. The website's usability level is used to assess its readiness for implementation. The System Usability Scale is utilized due to the research's timing constraints. The results of the test were excellent, with an aggregate rating of 89.71 points out of 100, which is considered "A+” in the curved grading scale. Because the goal has been achieved, there will be no more testing in the future for GameDev FTI Untar’s website. The website can be implemented and ready for usage.
ROAD CONSTRUCTION CHANGE ORDER ANALYSIS (TECHNICAL CAUSES AND INITIATORS)
Authors: Waty Mega
Published: July 2024

During construction, change orders often occur. Change orders that occurred in 10 road construction projects in the DKI Jakarta province were calculated by the job change index. The biggest job change index was in structural work (88.768%), and the average index of additional work changes in asphalt pavement was 77.28%. Producing the largest added job change index in drainage work (26.31%) and less job change index of 87.6% in road performance maintenance work. Also produces the largest average change in return on minor conditions of 107.35%. The technical reasons for the change order in these 10 projects are: Spec and design change group, scope change group, disruption of the project operations group, contract document discrepancies group, incompetent consultant group, document delays group, and client financial changes, and the last is the lack of coordination with the authorities. Initiators causing change orders are contractors, owners, other parties, and consultants.
DESIGN CONTROL SYSTEM OF MODULAR PRODUCTION SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION AND PICK AND PLACE STATION
Authors: Owanda Hilman , Widya Utama Didi , Halim Agus
Published: July 2024

The development of automation in the industry is accelerating rapidly. The presence of automation is a technology that is very helpful in increasing production. Automation cannot be separated from the existence of a control system to regulate or process an instruction or order. The Modular Production System is a station unit consisting of various types of stations that simulate production system designs on a small scale before being realized in real situations. The work process of the Modular Production System is controlled using a PLC. PLC needs to be programmed to manage the work process of the Modular Production System. The programming language commonly used in PLC programming is ladder diagrams. The existence of a control system on the Modular Production System using PLC will make the Modular Production System run automatically. It can communicate with other Modular Production Systems to become more efficient. Therefore this design discusses controlling the Modular Production System using a PLC with a ladder diagram. The distribution stations and pick and place stations are selected for the Modular Production System. With a control system on the Modular Production System distribution station and pick and place station, the Modular Production System can work automatically and communicate with each other between stations. The result of the design is an increase in the efficiency of the system cycle time and process accuracy.
CHAT SIMULATOR USING AES ENCRYPTION
Authors: Singh Sukhwinderjit , Utama Hadian Satria , Fat Joni
Published: July 2024

Smartphones have become an integral part the lives of individuals and their priorities The present moment. The most visible uses are to chat and chat programs Most of these apps do does not provide the necessary protection and privacy information exchanged between users. Chat apps have become one of the most important and popular smartphone apps. It has the ability to exchange text messages, images and files that can freely communicate with each other. All messages must be protected and in this paper the encryption to used for secure all messages is by using AES encryption. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm widely used to keep data confidential in Internet networks. AES uses a block cipher with a block length of 128 bits and can encrypt data with keys consisting of 128, 192, or 256 bits. AES is one of the strongest encryption algorithms available today. It has been adopted by many organizations, including governments, banks, and technology companies. AES security is based on mathematical complexity and is difficult to crack even on ultra-fast computers. The AES encryption process involves multiple steps such as replace, move, and merge. The original data is split into smaller blocks and encrypted with the provided key. The blocks then change periodically, complicating the data patterns an attacker might find
MICROCONTROLLER-BASED METAL AND NON-METAL SORTING AUTOMATIC TRASH CAN COVER
Authors: Weripih Dheanatasya Truece Rumangun , Setyaningsih Endah , Utama Hadian Satria
Published: July 2024

Waste is still a problem that is often faced in the community, the accumulation of waste in the environment must be overcome with good management, because if not it will have a negative impact on all components of life. Waste problems still often arise due to the habits of people who still throw garbage out of place, so that the existingarbage becomes scattered in several places that cause a very pungent odor, even triggering flood disasters. The problem that is difficult to handle is the placement of metal and non-metal waste, if the two wastes are mixed, it is difficult to manage the two types of waste. One solution that can be applied to the trash can is to make a trash can that can separate the location of waste according to its type, namely metal and non-metal. The innovation of a trash can that can detect objects and the cover automatically opens, then the garbage will be sorted into metal and non-metal waste based on a microcontroller aims to provide convenience to everyone who will throw away garbage by automatically separating the types of waste. Using the processing module in the form of arduino nano as the processing center, the sorting module in the form of an inductiv proximity sensor as a metal or non-metal detector, the object detection module in the form of an ultrasonic sensor as a distance detector, the drive module in the form of a servo motor as a garbage cover drive and a metal and non-metal garbage separator bar drive. A healthy environment will encourage people to live healthy and realize a clean environment by creating a sense of "concern" for the importance of environmental cleanliness and body health without waste
SIMPLE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS USING TOUCHLESS TECHNOLOGY FOR KIDS
Authors: Ferdyansyah  , Fat Joni , Calvinus Yohanes
Published: July 2024

Musical instruments have been an important part of human culture since ancient times. In recent decades, technological developments have allowed us to create more sophisticated and creative musical instruments. one of them is by designing a simple musical instrument with arduino based touchless technology. In recent years, touchless technology has become increasingly popular in product and application development. Touchless technology allows users to interact with devices in a contactless manner or in other words not touching the device itself. The purpose of making a simple musical instrument design with touchless technology based on Arduino is to design a musical instrument that can be used even without touching the musical instrument. and it is also hoped that users, in this case children, will be interested or like the musical instrument. In addition, by designing a simple musical instrument with arduino-based touchless technology, it can provide an innovative and hygienic music playing experience for children. meaning that the touchless technology used in the musical instrument can minimize physical touch or physical contact for children, and also minimize the risk of transmission of diseases or viruses in children. With the experimental method, namely realizing a simple musical instrument with touchless technology, measurements can be made of the performance of the musical instrument and the effectiveness of touchless technology which is the main factor in the purpose of this tool, which is expected that children can be interested in the world of music