bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12 deficiency induces glucose intolerance, delays peak insulin levels and promotes ketogenesis in female rats
Authors: Neal Elliott , Kumar Vinod , Borges Karin , Cuffe James SM
Published: December 2022

Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency is common among individuals with diabetes mellitus but it is unknown if B12 deficiency contributes to impaired glucose homeostasis in this disorder. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a control or B12 deficient diet for 4 weeks. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed after 25 days and blood and liver samples were collected for metabolic profiling. B12 deficiency resulted in a prediabetic-like phenotype characterised by glucose intolerance, a delayed peak in plasma insulin levels following a glucose challenge and increased ketogenesis. We attributed increased ketogenesis to reduced liver anaplerosis, which limited availability of the TCA cycle intermediates citrate and succinate. This was associated with increased Mut mRNA levels and citrate synthase activity and lower succinyl-CoA availability. One carbon metabolite levels were altered in plasma and the liver, which was linked to reduced methylation capacity, altered amino acid levels and elevated Slc7a5 mRNA expression. Plasma folate and biotin levels were reduced, as were the majority of B vitamins in the liver. Changes in these B12-dependent processes and reduced B vitamin amounts likely contributed to deficits in glucose handling. Our findings highlight that B12 deficiency may promote the development of metabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus and emphasise the importance of adequate B12 intake for metabolic health.
Wie die Implementierung von Objectives & Key Results gelingt
Authors: Möller Klaus , Marks Daniel M. , Ehnimb Leonardo N. E.
Published: December 2022

OKRs haben sich für Management und Controlling zu einer Erfolgsgeschichte zur agilen Steuerung entwickelt. Einigkeit herrscht weitgehend über die grundlegenden Merkmale des Konzepts – und auch die Wichtigkeit der konkreten Ausgestaltung. Wenig gesichertes Wissen gibt es allerdings zur richtigen Implementierung. Der Beitrag leitet auf Basis empirischer Analysen zwanzig förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren für die Implementierung von OKRs her. Das Wissen um die Erfolgsfaktoren soll Unternehmen dabei unterstützen die richtigen Stellhebel bei der OKR Implementierung zu identifizieren und zu betätigen.
CORONAVIRUS SARS-Cov2 y COVID-19: El virus y la enfermedad que detuvieron al mundo
Authors: Gómez-Meléndez Agustín
Published: December 2022

SARS-CoV2 and its disease COVID-19 have provoked more than 6 billion infections and nearly 6 million registered deaths since the first diagnosed case in Wuhan, China. It is considered the first pandemic that the modern world has faced that was able to ground all air services and contain all families in their homes. The high contagion capacity of the virus associated with its high lethality in people with risk factors placed the world economy in a close balance between economic aspects and public and individual health. The economic, material, and human losses increased the current social gaps. Then, a reflection of the main events that have occurred from 2019 to date and the impact caused by COVID-19 in the world is presented. The economic recession is considered as part of the results, besides the shipping-container crisis, and the implemented health measures and their effects. The article concludes with four lessons on epidemiological intelligence, resilience, the ability to learn to plan for the future, and the correct risk management.
Los efectos del Covid-19 para las mujeres en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Escalante-Herrera Ana Cecilia , Ramírez-Montes Ana Leonor
Published: December 2022

This article discusses, from a gender equality perspective, the main effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Based on secondary sources, it presents a synthesis of the main impacts that have deepened the gender inequalities and violence against women that existed before the pandemic, especially in the field of work and care. It emphasizes that, to reverse its negative effects and avoid the deepening of inequalities, in the long term, it requires the incorporation of the needs and interests of women in the approach to the emergency. Autonomy and equal participation of women are also critical in the decision-making process and the elaboration of public policies for mitigation and recovery from the economic and social crises caused by the health pandemic.
Prolegómenos a las bibliotecas infantiles como respuesta a la violencia en las redes sociales
Authors: Montero Bustabad Pedro
Published: December 2022

The issue of violence in social networks is addressed through an approach and reflection based on the current context and its relationship with the formulation and work of the academic activity of the School of Librarianship, Documentation, and Information of the National University with the Biblioteca Infantil Miriam Álvarez Brenes (BIMAB), the only children’s library in Costa Rica. The suggestions made conclude a series of interdisciplinary actions under a collaborative work dynamic that the BIMAB could consider in its work as a measure to address this issue that directly affects children in conjunction with their parents or legal guardians.
Salud bucal como derecho ciudadano y su relación con la prevención de enfermedades no transmisibles
Authors: Lorenzo Susana , Apelo Fiorela , Olmos Patricia , Massa Fernando , Laporta Paula , Zubiaguirre Tathiana
Published: December 2022

The right to health in Uruguay is enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic and law 18211 of the National Integrated Health System (SNIS). However, the health of young people between 15 and 24 years old is a worrying issue. The most prevalent oral pathologies share some common characteristics with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs); they can be addressed jointly and efficiently through a common risk approach. The right to health can be approached from the pedagogy of the oppressed. This approach proposes a critical and problematizing perspective using theatrical tools and exercises to play with where the protagonists participate as spectators-actors.The objectives of this work were to develop a learning-teaching process on oral health and its relationship with NCDs with high school students and teachers in the cities of Rocha and La Paloma, Uruguay, and to describe the oral health situation of the young people involved.The experience was developed between October and November 2017, combining exhibition activities and workshops, working from the pedagogy of the oppressed and hope, and performing activities of image theater and forum theater. Oral health was surveyed in terms of caries and paradenciopathies (WHO Methodology, 1997), and a socio-demographic survey was administered. The students worked as health promoters participating in student fairs, sharing the contents addressed with students from the other levels of the high school. They finished the process with the drafting of a letter addressed to the local health authorities, where they expressed their concerns and demands for the right to oral health and the need for comprehensive dental care.When comparing the data collected with the national data for young people in the provinces, the caries situation was better than at the national level. The frequency of smoking was lower than expected.At the end of the project, the high school students could complete the work process by acquiring knowledge of oral health and advocating for the right to health.
Entretejiendo voces, una mirada interdisciplinaria: propuesta metodológica a partir de la literacidad
Authors: Badilla Zamora Isabel , Hernández Segura Ana María , Segura Esquivel Sylvia , Solís Sánchez Gabriela , Urdaneta Benavides Margarita
Published: December 2022

This article systematizes the experience of the interdisciplinary meetings from the Literacy Integrated Project. A Look from Literacy to Build Inclusive Reading Environments, from Early Childhood to Prolongevity, as a strategy to move forward with an alternative methodological proposal to approach reading and writing processes from a literacy perspective.

The means to collect participants’ views included discussions with scholars from various fields and schools from UNA, as well as written records, recordings, transcripts, matrixes, and analyses of these discussions. As a result, several philosophical and methodological principles and paths emerged to move towards a broad, inclusive approach to reading and writing processes in line with literacy through the five systematization steps proposed by lecturer Oscar Jara.
Features of the structure of phase formation in the Fe—Ga—Al system
Authors:   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Goncharuk D. A. , Khomenko O. I. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Molchanovska G. M. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Novichenko V. M. ,   Technical Center of of NASU, Kyiv
Published: December 2022

Aluminium alloying of alloys on Fe–Ga based materials currently is the most promising direction in the field of development of actual ferromagnetic materials with steadily increased operational characteristics. Ingots of a ternary alloy with a composition of 50% (at.)—Ga—35% (at.) Fe—Al were obtained by fusing the pre-made ligature Fe—50% (at.) Ga with aluminium powder in mass ratio 1 : 1, at temperature 1000 oC in a neutral environment (argon). The conditions under which the alloying of aluminium with the ligature took place provided additional refinement of the components, in particular from oxygen, by binding it with an excess amount of reagents reactive to oxygen. The peculiarities of the formation of the structure were studied and it was established that each of the 3 phases that make up the material contains all three main components of the system. The interplanar distances,dexpfor each of the detected peaks on the diffractogram of the alloy were calculated according to the Wolff-Bragg formula. It was found that the temperature intervals in which thermal effects are recorded are close to the temperatures of phase transformations in the Fe—Ga system. Drawing analogies with phase transformations in the Fe-Ga binary system, an assumption was made regarding the similarity of the nature of phase transitions at temperatures up to 1000 °C in the experimental alloy and in the Fe-Ga binary system in the concentration range of 45—50% (at.) gallium. The microhardness of the phases found in the microstructure of the alloy is 8,05 ± 0,25; 9,15 ± 0,25 and 6,25 ± 0,15 GPa, which is significantly higher than the hardness of all intermetallics, that exist in the Fe—Ga system and corresponds to the hardness level of iron aluminides enriched with aluminium, such as Fe2Al5, FeAl2 and FeAl3. Keywords: Fe, Al, Ga, intermetallics, microstructure, phase formation, crystal lattice parameters, microhardness.
¿Con quién gobierna el populista? Un análisis de los gabinetes de Rafael Correa, Jair Bolsonaro y Nayib Bukele
Authors: Solano Sindy Mora , Ulloa César , Díaz González José Andrés
Published: December 2022

A inicios del siglo XXI, se acentúa la ola de gobiernos populistas en Latinoamérica. La literatura académica se ha concentrado en estudiar las características de los líderes populistas, así como las implicaciones de este fenómeno hacia las democracias, dejando de lado el análisis de los grupos que acompañan y apoyan a los líderes. Este artículo pretende llenar dicho vacío al realizar un análisis comparado de la trayectoria y características de las personas que conforman el gabinete de tres presidentes: Rafael Correa (Ecuador), Jair Bolsonaro (Brasil) y Nayib Bukele (El Salvador). Se concluye que, en los tres casos, se recurren a personas de trayectoria política para la formación de los gabinetes, lo que pone entredicho la idea de que se produce una ruptura con las élites políticas tradicionales; sin embargo, el contexto político en que llegan al poder incide en las características del grupo de personas en las que se apoyan para conformar su gobierno.
El sistema penitenciario costarricense: decisiones políticas punitivistas y la paradoja de un modelo sustitutivo al abuso de la prisión
Authors: Gómez Maricel , Feoli Villalobos Marco
Published: December 2022

El trabajo plantea una visión crítica del avance de discursos y políticas punitivistas en Costa Rica en las últimas décadas. Con datos respecto al impacto que aquello ha tenido en el sistema penitenciario, los autores reflexionan sobre algunas reformas legales que evidencian el uso que se ha hecho en el país de las propuestas de mano dura más como un recurso simbólico que como políticas integrales que aborden problemas sociales profundos como la violencia de género o el tráfico de estupefacientes. Por último, ofrecen una visión alternativa sobre la posibilidad de seguir incorporando en el país respuestas sancionatorias distintas al encierro dados los resultados que estos parecen demostrar en términos de reincidencia delictiva.
Las representaciones actitudinales de los actores políticos según la ciudadanía costarricenses durante las Elecciones Presidenciales del 2018
Authors: Arroyo-Mata Marco A. , Volio Gabriela Cruz , Heidke Adrián Vergara
Published: December 2022

La evaluación lingüística es empleada para construir las actitudes y sentimientos de un hablante, y su estudio permite vislumbrar las relaciones de cooperación, conflicto y negociación que contribuyen en la construcción de opiniones. En el contexto electoral del 2018, esto puede ofrecer una ventana para entender el perfil del ciudadano costarricense, sus creencias, posiciones y motivaciones. Este trabajo analiza las representaciones actitudinales ciudadanas sobre los distintos actores políticos involucrados en ese proceso electoral a partir de entrevistas realizadas a lo largo del país. En el muestreo, se incluyeron a hombres y mujeres de diferentes zonas geográficas, edades, niveles educativos y afiliaciones políticas. Utilizando las categorías lingüísticas del sistema de actitud de la teoría de la valoración, se analizaron los enunciados evaluativos de participantes sobre los diferentes actores políticos del proceso electoral, incluyendo los candidatos de primera y segunda ronda, Fabricio Alvarado, Carlos Alvarado, los ciudadanos, los simpatizantes de los candidatos, la clase política, el gobierno y la participación política. En su mayoría, las representaciones actitudinales identificadas fueron abrumadoramente negativas: las de personas que votaron por el Partido Acción Ciudadana (PAC) fueron menos negativas e incluían más frecuentemente aspectos positivos, mientras que entre los abstencionistas abundaban cargas negativas y deshumanizadoras. Resalta que, a pesar del escenario político tan polarizador, la insatisfacción y malestar general hacia los actores políticos de las elecciones del 2018 es compartido por todos. Nuevamente, los costarricenses se encontraron en un escenario donde no votaron por alguien, sino a pesar de alguien.
Microstructural and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg: Hybrid welding of additively manufactured and cast parts
Authors: Krochmal M. , Rajan A. Nammalvar Raja , Moeini G. , Sajadifar S. V. , Wegener T. , Niendorf T.
Published: December 2022

Welding and joining of hybrid components consisting of additively manufactured (AM) parts and conventionally processed parts offer new opportunities in structural design. In the present study, AlSi10Mg specimens were fabricated using two different manufacturing processes, i.e., laser-based powder-bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) and casting, and welded by means of friction stir welding (FSW). Material strength of dissimilar welded joints was found to be governed by the as-cast material, which is characterized by a very coarse microstructure resulting in inferior hardness and tensile properties. During fatigue testing, cast-cast specimens performed slightly better than their hybrid AM-cast counterparts with respect to lifetime, being rationalized by most pronounced strain inhomogeneities in the AM-cast specimens. With the aim of cost reduction, FSW can be employed to fabricate graded large parts as long as the AM as-built material is placed in the region demanding superior cyclic load-bearing capacity.

Graphical abstract
Ethnic Red Army Units on the Eastern Front in 1918: Problems of Manning and Combat Capability
Authors: Nikolai Podpriatov
Published: December 2022

The activities of the Soviet state and military authorities of the initial period of the Civil War aimed at involvement of non-Russian peoples to the army have been examined in the article. It is analyzed the practices and institutions of the Red Army conscription system in the Volga and Ural regions controlled by the central government. The purpose of the work is to identify the specifics of implementation of the Soviet leadership ethno-military policy during the Civil War with the help of national military formations, to determine the degree of effectiveness of state measures to organize the recruiting of the nonRussian population into the army. A number of problems has been solved by this study: conducting a comparative analysis of the views of the party and military leadership which regulated the national military policy during the initial period of the civil war; revealing the features of creation of the ethnic formations and the experience of their combat use; analyzing the factors influencing decisionmaking in the field of management of representatives of national minorities in the armed forces; identifying the role of public and political institutions in the process of involvement of the peoples from the Volga region and the Urals to the army service; on the basis of the principle of objectivity, the level of real loyalty to the Soviet government and communist ideology by the servicemen of the national units of the Eastern Front was investigated; the reasons of these units use as the punitive structures in the region were determined. The analysis of the practices of the initial period of the civil war allows us to conclude that the government's policy of creating ethnic military units based on ideological dogmas was insufficiently effective contrary to the basic principles of building the armed forces. However, the party leadership showed flexibility and the ability to abandon its non-working installations and use the achievements and experience of previous periods, and instead of the old, destroyed structures of military administration new ones were created. All that required time, resources, and error correction.
Training of the Red Army Command Personnel in the Early Years of the Soviet Power Formation (1917–1924)
Authors: Sergey Bezuglov
Published: December 2022

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the activities of the party, state and military governing bodies of the Soviet state aimed at training command personnel for the newly formed class army. The problems of creating a network of military educational institutions in Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 have been considered in the article. It has been shown the main stages of formation and development of the system of military personnel training in the first years after the formation of the Soviet state. The characteristic features of formation of the Main Directorate of Military Educational Institutions as the main body for creation, management and provision of military educational institutions have been highlighted and described in the article. Its role in training and education of command personnel for the Red Army is revealed. The author gives a generalized characteristic of workers and peasants who entered military educational institutions. Different types of military educational institutions created at different stages of the civil war and foreign military intervention, their number and qualitative differences have been shown in this work. The author has revealed the trends of their development and analyzed their contribution to the command personnel training. The author of the work paid considerable attention to the participation of former generals and officers of the old army in training and education of command staff for the Red Army.The motivation measures taken by the leadership of the Soviet state in order to attract highly trained officers and generals to this task are considered. At the end of the article the author summarizes the results of the reseach and draws definite conclusions. It has been determined that the Soviet government successfully solved the task of training command personnel in a fairly short time, graduating commanders from military educational institutions who were in no way inferior in training to officers of the "white" armies and Entente troops.
From birth control to self-awareness and free decision making. A model for the evaluation of comprehensive sexuality education from the perspective of women’s health and free informed choice
Authors: Obelenienė Birutė
Published: December 2022

The importance of appropriate and health-related information in the school curriculum is emphasised in many international conventions and documents. Knowledge of how the fertility system works for both women and men, and an understanding of the different needs of women and men in the expression of sexuality, can be treated as health literacy. Health literacy is an important determinant of health, and poor health literacy among adolescents is correlated with high-risk health behaviours and adverse health outcomes into adulthood. It has been noticed that teenagers, who are introduced to the physiological processes of their body and learn to recognise their fertility in sexuality education programmes, value their and others of the same age group’s sexuality and the ability to express emotions. In addition, young people are beginning to perceive fertility as a natural feature of their development, better understanding fertility and the beginning of life, and seeing them as important gifts to be understood, valued, and passed on. Sexuality education is known to be an interdisciplinary subject as it covers different disciplines (biomedicine, social sciences, and humanities). Sexuality education documents make ambiguous references to the right to adequate health-related information, but this is the type of information that is most lacking in sexuality education. This monograph will seek to answer the question of what information is needed about a woman’s health, which determines her free choice, and will aim to assess the content of comprehensive sexuality education from the perspective of women’s health and free informed decision making.
Dinsel Düşüncenin Rasyonelleşme İmkânı ve Zorlukları
Authors: MANAFOV Rafiz
Published: December 2022

Vahye dayalı dinlerin toplumsal kabulleniş ve coğrafi yayılışıyla birlikte, onların sosyal değerler, kurumlar ve dönemin bilimsel anlayışlarıyla olan ilişkisi de tartışılmaya başlamıştır. İslam düşüncesi tarihinde süreç aklileşme dönemi olarak bilinmektedir. Akılla vahiy, felsefeyle din arasındaki epistemik münasebetler İslam dininin ortaya çıkışından itibaren kabul ve reddiyelerle süregelmiştir. Çalışmamız, İslam’ın erken dönemlerindeki dini inancın rasyonelleşme sürecinde cahiliyye zihin yapısı, kabilecilik ve ümmilik gibi sosyo-kültürel engellerin yanı sıra, ulema ve ümeranın bilimsel merakı, kısa sürede genişleyen fetih harekâtı, çeviriler gibi aklîleşmeyi mümkün kılan etkenleri konu almaktadır. Rasyonelleşme sürecinde yaşanan ihtiyaç, imkân ve zorlukları ortaya çıkarmaya çalıştığımız makalemizdin amacı, günümüzde de yaşanan benzer ihtiyaç, imkân ve engellerin erken dönem kaynaklı olduğunu gö(ste)rmek ve dönemin koşullarını dikkate almadan güncel bazı sorunların çözülemeyeceğine işaret etmektir. Bu anlamda, makalemizi hazırlarken gerek erken ve orta çağların tarihsel verilerine, gerekse de bu süreci anlaşılır kılacak analitik yöntemlere başvurduk.
Íons Aprisionados como Arquitetura paraComputação Quântica
Authors: Fernandes Gabriel P. L. M. , Ricardo Alexandre C. , Cardoso Fernando R. , Villas-Boas Celso J.
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo descrevemos uma das plataformas mais promissoras para a construção de um computador quântico universal, que consiste em uma cadeia de N íons aprisionados em um potencial harmônico, cujos estados internos funcionam como qubits e são acoplados a modos vibracionais coletivos da cadeia. A partir de tal acoplamento, é possível construir interações entre diferentes íons, isto é, interações qubit-qubit que, juntamente com operações individuais sobre os íons, permitem construir um computador quântico como primeiramente proposto por Cirac e Zoller na década de 90 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4091 (1995)]. Aqui discutimos desde a física envolvida no aprisionamento de íons em armadilhas eletromagnéticas até a engenharia de hamiltonianos necessária para gerar um conjunto universal de portas lógicas, fundamental para a execução de algoritmos quânticos mais complexos. Por último, apresentamos o atual estado da arte da computação quântica em sistemas de íons aprisionados, destacando os recentes avanços obtidos por empresas e projetos governamentais que utilizam tal arquitetura, como IonQ e AQTION.
Avaliação do Potencial expansivo de solos da Formação Solimões no Estado do Acre para uso em Pavimentação
Authors: Barbosa Victor Hugo Rodrigues , Marques Maria Esther Soares , Guimarães Antônio Carlos Rodrigues , Baia Marcos Valério Mendonça , Almeida Daniel Jardim
Published: December 2022

RESUMEN Os principais aspectos geotécnicos da Formação Solimões no estado do Acre para a área de pavimentação rodoviária são: a escassez de pedras britadas, os elevados índices de precipitação e a ocorrência generalizada de solos expansivos ao longo do subleito. A alta variação volumétrica desses solos vem causando prejuízos financeiros e dificultando o transporte terrestre na região. Embora a maioria dos solos locais seja predominantemente composta por argilominerais com estrutura 2:1, a influência do comportamento desses solos em obras de pavimentação ainda é pouco estudada na região. Este artigo avalia 05 amostras de solos potencialmente expansivos coletados nos arredores da cidade de Rio Branco. São realizados, em amostras deformadas, os ensaios de caracterização física, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, difratometria de raios-X, espectrometria de fluorescência de Raios-X e de absorção de azul de metileno. Por meio de correlações existentes, os resultados evidenciam o elevado potencial de expansão das amostras e a importância de um estudo e mapeamento mais abrangente que auxilie o meio técnico local em obras rodoviárias.
A Little Depredation? Heritage Crime At Welsh Castles, 1900–2000
Authors: Jones Craig Owen
Published: December 2022

While much scholarly attention has been devoted to heritage crime at ancient and historical sites over the last thirty years, in Wales the recognition of such activities as discrete historical episodes that are, in their way, just as worthy of the historian's attention as events from
the distant past has until recently been lacking. Using the native Welsh masonry castles of north Wales as an example, this article asserts that the activities of graffitists, metal detectorists, and thieves, which hitherto have drawn the attention only of conservators, have valuable things
to tell the historian about shifting patterns of use and the way in which the castles signified to successive generations of local people and visitors.
NE EĞİTİMDE NE İSTİHDAMDA OLAN GENÇLERİN GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞİNE YÖNELİK ALGILARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: TOLGAY Celal , ÇAKIR Özlem
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışma, ne eğitimde ne istihdamda olan (NEET) gençlerin genç işsizliğine yönelik algılarını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma yöntemi survey olup, evren İzmir’de yaşayan NEET gençlerdir. Araştırma örneklemini İzmir ilinde yaşayan 15-24 yaş aralığındaki 397 NEET genç oluşturmaktadır. Veriler hazırlanan soru formu aracılığıyla toplanmış ve istatistik paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, NEET gençlerin eğitim ve istihdam dışında oldukları süre zarfında kendisini mutsuz veya çok mutsuz olarak ifade ettiğini ve eğitim ve/veya iş olanağı sunulması durumunda yurtdışına gitmek istediğini göstermiştir. Çoğunun daha önce iş deneyimi olduğu ve iş deneyimine sahip olanların neredeyse tamamının kayıt dışı çalışma deneyimi yaşadığı görülmüştür. Katılımcı gençlerin yaklaşık yarısı bir yıldan uzun süredir işsizdir. Katılımcıların neredeyse tamamı genç işsizliğinin nedenlerini düşük ücret önerisi, ağır çalışma şartları, ekonomik istikrarsızlık, liyakatsizlik, doğru istihdam politikalarının izlenmemesi olarak belirtirken; genç işsizlerin sorunlarını adaletsizlik, gelecek kaygısı, hayat pahalılığı ve maddi bağımsızlık elde edememe olarak ifade etmiştir. NEET olan gençlerin küresel düzeyde sayısının önemli boyutlara ulaşması ve bu gençlerle yapılan ampirik çalışmaların sınırlılığı nedeniyle bu çalışmanın, çözümcül politikalar üretilebilmesi için politika üreticilerine ve alanyazında NEET olgusunun daha fazla ele alınması için araştırmacılara rehberlik edeceği öngörülmektedir.
YÜKSEKOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MADDE BAĞIMLILIĞI ALGILARININ METAFOR YOLUYLA BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: GÖKALP Latif , EGÜZ Şule
Published: December 2022

Madde bağımlılığı, sağlığı etkileyebilecek farklı kullanım yöntemi ve miktarda uyuşturucu, uyarıcı veya keyif verici madde kullanımıdır. Madde kullanımının fiziksel ve psikolojik kapsamının yanında bir süreci içermesi, soyut niteliğe de sahip olması bu kavramı anlamlandırmayı güçleştirmektedir. Bu araştırma, yüksekokul öğrencilerinin “madde bağımlılığı” kavramını ne şekilde algılayıp, nasıl betimlemeye çalıştıklarını incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Sorgun Meslek Yüksekokulu ve Şefaatli Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda öğrenimlerine devam eden 73 erkek ve 57 kız olmak üzere toplam 130 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenolojik model kullanılarak tasarlanan araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Toplanan verilerin çözümlenmesinde nitel araştırma tekniklerinden içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların “madde bağımlılığı” kavramına ilişkin ürettikleri metaforik algılar incelendiğinde erkek öğrencilerin 73, kız öğrencilerin ise 57 olmak üzere toplam 130 adet metaforik algı ürettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Üretilen 130 metafordan benzer olanları ayıklandığında 80 adet farklı metaforik algının geliştirilmiş olduğu görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda katılımcıların en fazla sıklıkta ürettikleri metaforların çiçek, aşk ve ağaç olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin “madde bağımlılığı” kavramına ilişkin geliştirdikleri metaforik temsilleri 9 farklı kategori altında incelenmiştir. Bütün kategorilerde her iki cinsiyet grubu tarafından metaforlar üretildiği ayrıca kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere kıyasla sadece “Gıda Algısı Olarak Madde Bağımlılığı” ve “Materyal Algısı Olarak Madde Bağımlılığı” kategorilerinde daha sık metaforik temsilde bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
TIP ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET ALGISI: KLİNİK ÖNCESİ VE KLİNİK DÖNEMİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: AYDIN Sevtap , ERGÖNÜL Esin
Published: December 2022

Toplumsal cinsiyet algısı (TCA), insanların cinsiyetlerine göre neleri yapıp neleri yapamayacağına dair öngörülerde bulunmalarını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tıp fakültesi birinci (klinik öncesi) ve son sınıf (klinik) öğrencilerinin TCA’larını, TCA ölçeği aracılığıyla belirlemek ve bu iki grubu karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmaya 2021-22 eğitim yılında Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'ndeki toplam 435 birinci ve altıncı sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır (ulaşma oranı %60.6). Araştırmada tüm öğrencilerin yüksek TCA puan ortalamalarının 107.31±14.11 (min. 28-max. 125) olduğu görülmüştür. Birinci ve altıncı sınıf öğrencilerinin TCA puanları benzer olup istatistiksel olarak fark bulunmamıştır. Öğrencilerin sınıflarına göre TCA’ları açısından anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Cinsiyet açısından TCA arasında fark olduğu ve bu farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Kız öğrencilerin daha pozitif TCA’na sahip oldukları sonucu literatürle uyumlu bulunmuştur. Üniversite öğrencileri ile yapılan benzer araştırmalarda öğrencilerin genel olarak eşitlikçi bir yaklaşıma sahip oldukları görülmüştür.
Flannagain in Far Amurikey: Report on the Sixth International Flann O’Brien Conference, Boston College, 6‒9 April 2022
Authors: Nugent Joseph
Published: December 2022

Joseph Nugent reports on Flannagain in Far Amurikey: VI International Flann O’Brien Conference, Boston College, 6‒9 April 2022.
Effect of natural gas flow rate and temperature on the processes occurring in a blast furnace tuyere with heat-insulating insert in blast channel
Authors: Albul S. V. , Kobelev O. A. , Radyuk A. G. , Titlyanov A.  E. , Levitskii I. A.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this work was to analyze the effect of a heat-insulating insert, as well as the flow rate and temperature of natural gas on the processes occurring in blast channel of an air tuyere. The paper analyzes the results of industrial and numerical experiments obtained by different researchers on the use of various methods for increasing the completeness of combustion reaction within the air tuyere of natural gas (NG) fed into it: increase of NG flow rate; increase of NG temperature; the use of heat-insulating inserts installed in the inner glass of the air tuyere. Using the Ansys Fluent software complex, the effect of a heat-insulating insert and increase in NG flow rate on the temperature and composition of gases leaving the tuyere of blast furnace no. 5 of PJSC Severstal was studied. It was found that with an increase in NG flow rate from 0.283 to 0.328 kg/s, the temperature of the gas medium at the tuyere outlet decreases by 6 °С for the variant without an insert and increases by 3 °С for the variant with it. When studying the effect of a heat-insulating insert and increase in NG temperature (in different combinations) on the processes occurring in a tuyere, it was found that temperature of the gaseous medium at the tuyere outlet in case of using a heat-insulating insert without NG heating is slightly higher than when NG is heated to 200 °С without inserts. However, the effect of NG heating in the presence of an insert is significantly higher than without it – there is mutual amplification of two factors influencing the completeness of NG combustion within the tuyere, accompanied by protection of the tuyere inner nozzle from burnout.
Thoracosurgical treatment of pleural complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alihodžić-Pašalić Alma , Pilav Ilijaz , Marić Veljko , Čustović Orhan , Kadić Kenan , Dapčević Meho , Hadžismailović Ademir , Pilav Alen , Ademović Enisa
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Pleural complications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are relatively uncommon findings. Pleural involvement in these patients may directly correlate to disease severity and overall prognosis. We aimed to review clinical features and treatment approaches for pleural complications (accumulation of fluid/air inside the pleural cavity) in 45 patients with COVID-19, who were treated at our institution between April 2020 and October 2021.
Methods: Our study was designed as single-center, observational, cross-sectional study of 45 patients with COVID-19 and at least one radiologically verified pleural complication. Demographic data, radiological findings, as well as type and number of thoracosurgical intervention(s) were recorded for every patient. We included patients of both genders and various age groups, with positive RT-PCR assay for COVID-19 and radiologic features of pleural complications, which required single or multiple thoracosurgical interventions.
Results: Unilateral pleural complications were more common, right-sided pleural complications were found in 44.4% of patients. Right-sided pneumothorax was reported in 26.7% of patients. Almost one-fourth of our patients required invasive mechanical ventilation. Tube thoracostomy was performed in 84.4% of patients with unilateral pleural complications. A fatal outcome was most common in patients over 60 years old. More than half of patients with bilateral pleural complications died in our study.
Conclusions: Pleural complications are a rare finding in patients with COVID-19. Tube thoracostomy is the mainstay of treatment for most symptomatic patients with pleural complications. Future research should be directed toward investigation of long-term pulmonary consequences in patients with COVID-19.
Tahıl ve pseudotahıllar’da diyet lifi ve sağlık üzerine etkileri
Authors: CİNGÖZ Ali , AKPİNAR Özlem , SAYASLAN Abdulvahit
Published: December 2022

Diyet lifi, tahıl, meyve ve sebzelerde daha çok bulunan önemli bir gıda bileşenidir. Diyet liflerinde farklı sınıflandırmalar kullanılsa da en sık kullanılanı çözünürlüklerine göre sınıflandırma biçimidir. Diyet lifleri meyve ve sebzeler de bulunmakla birlikte özellikle tahıl (buğday, arpa, yulaf, pirinç, çavdar vb) ve pseudotahıllarda (chia, kinoa, karabuğday, amarant vb) da bol miktarda bulunmaktadır. Günümüzde artan sağlık problemleri ve tüketicilerin fonksiyonel ürünlere yönelmesi diyet lifine olan ilgiyi her geçen gün arttırmaktadır. Yapılan epidomiyolojik çalışmalar tahıl ve pseudotahıllarda bulunan çözünür ve çözünmez diyet liflerinin kroner kalp hastalıkları, tip 2 diyabet, obezite, çeşitli kanser türlerine yakalanma risklerini düşürdüğünü göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada tahıl ve pseudotahıllarda bulunan diyet lifleri ve bunların sağlık üzerine etkileri irdelenmiştir.
Numerical analysis of the effect of the evaporator inlet-outlet position on the PV-T performance
Authors: YAKUT Ridvan
Published: December 2022

The increase in global energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions increase the interest in renewable energy sources. Solar energy is at the forefront of renewable energy sources, and the decrease in cell efficiency due to various reasons during operation is an obstacle to this technology. Increasing the temperature of photovoltaic cells during operation causes a decrease in cell efficiency. Control of photovoltaic cells temperature is crucial in terms of both prolonging the economic life of the cells and increasing the efficiency of the system. The effect of the evaporator inlet and outlet position of the fluid on the heat transfer is known, but this effect was not examined in the studies carried out to increase the efficiency of the PV-T (photovoltaic–thermal) system. In the current study, the system efficiency parameters and COP (coefficient of performance) values of a PV-T evaporator cooled by forced air circulation were investigated by CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis. The analyzes were carried out in a single array for three different flow rates (0.0125 kg/s, 0.0250 kg/s, 0.0500 kg/s) and nine different evaporator inlet-outlet positions (CC, CL, CR, RC, RL, RR, LC, LL, LR), constant radiation of 1000 W/m^2. It was determined that there is a total efficiency difference of over 20% and an overall COP difference of over 25% between the best and worst inlet-outlet positions. The highest total and thermal efficiency were obtained for the RR condition, and the highest electrical efficiency was obtained for the LR condition but in the long-term, the highest efficiency can be achieved with the LC design. In the study also the highest COP values were calculated for the CL condition and the worst COP values for the RR condition.
Betonarme bir okul binasında güçlendirme ilkelerinin 2007 ve 2019 Türk deprem yönetmeliklerine göre karşılaştırılması
Authors: COŞKUN Mustafa Esat , GÜRSOY Şenol , GARİP Zehra Şule
Published: December 2022

Türkiye sahip olduğu konum nedeniyle depremsellik açısından dünyada çok kritik bir bölgede bulunmaktadır. Topraklarının hemen hemen hepsinden geçen aktif faylar ve bunlara bağlı olarak oluşan depremler, deprem mühendisliğinin ve depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımının önemini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Oluşan depremler sonucunda hasar gören binaların fazlalığı ve yapısal elemanlarda oluşan hasar türleri hem söz konusu depremin büyüklüğü hem de binaların inşasıyla ilgili önemli bilgiler vermektedir. Günümüzde artan maliyetler depremlerde hasar gören yapıların güçlendirilmesini ve onarılmasını daha uygun kılmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra depremlere karşı dayanıklı olarak tasarlanan yapılarda zamanla yapısal kusurlar oluşabilmekte ve/veya yeni deprem yönetmeliği koşullarını sağlayamamaktadır. Bu hususta mevcut yapıların statik açıdan uygunluğunu kontrol etmemizi ve gerekli durumlarda güçlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu makalede Karabük ilinde bulunan betonarme bir okul binasının mevcut ve güçlendirilmiş durumları Sta4Cad programıyla yapısal analizleri yapılarak DBYBHY ve TBDY yönetmeliklerine göre performans sonuçları karşılaştırılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak binalara güçlendirme kararı verilirken; binanın yaşının, kaba inşaat maliyetinin toplam güçlendirme maliyetine oranının, yapı yaklaşık maliyeti oranının ve güçlendirme maliyetlerinin dikkate alınması önerilmektedir.
Link Quality and MAC-Overhead aware Predictive Preemptive Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks
Authors: Ali Cherif Moussa , Faraoun Mohamed Kamel , Hacene Sofiane Boukli
Published: December 2022

In Ad Hoc networks, route failure may occur due to less received power, mobility, congestion and node failures. Many approaches have been proposed in literature to solve this problem, where a node predicts pre-emptively the route failure that occurs with the less received power. However, these approaches encounter some difficulties, especially in scenario without mobility where route failures may arise. In this paper, we propose an improvement of AOMDV protocol called LO-PPAOMDV (Link Quality and MAC-Overhead aware Predictive Preemptive AOMDV).  This protocol is based on new metric combine two routing metrics (Link Quality, MAC Overhead) between each node and one hop neighbor. Also we propose a cross-layer networking mechanism to distinguish between both situations, failures due to congestion or mobility, and consequently avoiding unnecessary route repair process. The LO-PPAOMDV was implemented using NS-2. The simulation results demonstrate the merits of our proposed LO-PPAOMDV with approximately 10-15% increase in the packet delivery ratio while average end-to-end delay is reduced by 20%, and normalized routing load is reduced about 45%, also with 7% increase in the throughput, when compared with PPAOMDV.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Prominent Data Dissemination Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Guerroumi Mohamed , Pathan Al-Sakib Khan , Badache Nadjib , Moussaoui Samira
Published: December 2022

Data dissemination is the most significant task in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). From the bootstrapping stage to the full functioning stage, a WSN must disseminate data in various patterns like from the sink to node, from node to sink, from node to node, or the like. This is what a WSN is deployed for. Hence, this issue comes with various data routing models and often there are different types of network settings that influence the way of data collection and/or distribution. Considering the importance of this issue, in this paper, we present a survey on various prominent data dissemination techniques in such network. Our classification of the existing works is based on two main parameters: the number of sink (single or multiple) and the nature of its movement (static or mobile). Under these categories, we have analyzed various previous works for their relative strengths and weaknesses. A comparison is also made based on the operational methods of various data dissemination schemes.
Improved Sensing Accuracy using Enhanced Energy Detection Algorithm with Secondary User Cooperation in Cognitive Radios
Authors: K Muthumeenakshi , S Radha
Published: December 2022

Spectrum sensing is indispensable for cognitive radio to identify the available white spaces. Energy detection is considered as a preferred technique for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. It is because of its simplicity, applicability and low computational complexity, energy detection is employed widely for spectrum sensing. This paper proposes an enhanced energy detection based spectrum sensing algorithm which incorporates the features of traditional energy detection and cooperative detection. The false alarm and detection probabilities of the proposed algorithm are derived theoretically under AWGN channel conditions. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated analytically for various decision thresholds. The performance evaluations indicate that the proposed enhanced energy detection algorithm outshines the traditional energy detection algorithm and greatly improves the spectrum sensing accuracy under varying SNR conditions.
Ultralightweight Cryptography for passive RFID systems
Authors: Khokhar Umar Mujahid , Ul-islam Muhammad Najam
Published: December 2022

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is one of the most growing technologies among the pervasive systems. Non line of sight capability makes RFID systems much faster than its other contending systems such as barcodes and magnetic taps etc. But there are some allied security apprehensions with RFID systems. RFID security has been acquired a lot of attention in last few years as evinced by the large number of publications (over 3000). In this paper, a brief survey of eminent ultralightweight authentication protocols has been presented & then a four-layer security model, which comprises of various passive and active attacks, has been proposed. Finally, Cryptanalysis of these protocols has also been performed under the implications of the proposed security model.
La representación de la paternidad en Second-Class Citizen y Kehinde de Buchi Emecheta: de la negatividad a la ausencia
Authors: Gil Naveira Isabel
Published: December 2022

Como parte de su lucha por la visibilidad de las mujeres africanas en las últimas décadas del siglo XX, autoras como Ama Ata Aidoo, Grace Ogot y Buchi Emecheta han transformado el concepto de maternidad, lo que ha resultado primordial en la descripción de las identidades femeninas africanas. Por el contrario, el papel del padre africano en esas mismas obras parece quedar inalterado. Este artículo pretende paliar la falta de estudios de paternidad en textos de autoras africanas explorando el fracaso de la paternidad en dos novelas semiautobiográficas de la escritora nigeriana Buchi Emecheta, Second-Class Citizen (1974) y Kehinde (1994). Estas novelas se caracterizan por plasmar un nuevo paradigma de maternidad que contrasta con unos personajes masculinos, los padres de las protagonistas y sus maridos y padres de sus hijos, cuya paternidad –ya sea una paternidad en un contexto patriarcal tradicional en Nigeria o una paternidad híbrida en el exilio– destaca por su ausencia o por la influencia negativa del rol paterno.