bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herumdoppeln oder Zuhören?
Authors: Weihmayer Lena Sophie , Flämig Katja , Groth Katarina
Published: February 2023

Im Zuge der Veränderungen gesellschaftlicher Lebensformen infolge der Digitalisierung stehen Kindertageseinrichtungen vor der Herausforderung, sich mit der digitalen Durchdringung der familialen Lebenswelt junger Kinder auseinanderzusetzen. Zusätzlich werden ihnen, aufgrund ihres Bildungsauftrags und ihrer gewachsenen Bedeutung als Teil der Normalbiografie des Kindes, Erwartungen im Hinblick auf den frühzeitigen Ausgleich von Bildungsungleichheit gestellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert der Beitrag das Potenzial einer organisationstheoretischen Betrachtung des Umgangs mit dem Digitalen in der Kindertageseinrichtung. Unter Rückgriff auf ein Konzept von «Organisationskultur» wird anhand eines empirischen Beispiels mithilfe von Videodaten und Interviewmaterial dargestellt, wie organisationskulturelle Rahmungen und der alltägliche Umgang mit digitalen Bilderbüchern miteinander verschränkt sind. Vor allem im institutionellen Alltag der Kinder schlagen sich die im Team ausgehandelten Orientierungen und Haltungen zum Thema digitale Medien nieder und beeinflussen ihre Möglichkeiten zur Partizipation. Die Ergebnisse zeigen darüber hinaus, wie die Kinder an der Herstellung und Aufrechterhaltung (organisations-)kultureller Rahmungen beteiligt sind und diese durch Integration in ihre Peerkultur modifizieren. Daher plädiert der Beitrag für eine höhere Sensitivität gegenüber den Beiträgen junger Kinder zur digital geprägten Kultur. Zudem zeigt sich der organisationskulturelle Zugang als gewinnbringend für die Auseinandersetzung mit theoretischen und praktischen Verknüpfungen von Digitalität und Nachhaltigkeit.
A cluster analysis of the relationship between employee engagement and the cognition and motivation of workers
Authors:   Human Engagement Institute, Hwang Su Jeong , Hong Ah Jeong , Hong Ji Woong , Volpe Marie
Published: February 2023

In this study, clusters were identified according to individual cognitive characteristics (occupational future time perspective) and motivational factors (goal orientation) for employees to accept changes and increase their adaptability. In addition, the study checked for differences in employee engagement by cluster. The study sample consisted of 514 employees working for Korean companies. The research problem was verified through cluster analysis and analysis of variance. Three groups were clustered; cluster 1 ('cognitive lack performance type'), cluster 2 ('time-aware learning type'), and cluster 3 ('opportunity- aware performance type'). Employee engagement differed between the clusters, with cluster 2 showing the highest level of employee engagement, followed by cluster 3 and cluster 1. Existing studies have focused on the direct relationship between individual cognitive characteristics and motivational factors underlying employee participation. The present study adds value in that it combines two characteristics to distinguish and verify employee types.
Looking at Latin 1911-1965-2019 : Modern Art and an Ancient Language
Authors: Smets Simon
Published: February 2023

This article considers the presence of Latin in art from the beginning of the twentieth century until today. It analyses works by Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst, Joseph Kosuth, Giulio Paolini, Rosemarie Trockel, Ian Hamilton Finlay and William Kentridge, and compares their engagement with the Latin language. The article is structured according to the different ways in which these artists unsettle the status of Latin, be it through semantic confusion, material recontextualisation or textual destabilising.
Peculiarities of pulsed plasma jet initiation
Authors: Borovikova A. S.  , Gugin P. P.  , Zakrevsky D. E.  , Milakhina E. V.  , Schweigert I. V.
Published: February 2023

The generation of a cold plasma jet of atmospheric pressure in helium by unipolar positive pulses excitation at a voltage of 2-6 kV and the impact on a dielectric target made of aluminum oxide has been studied. It is shown that the main parameter influencing the regular nature of the streamer breakdown is the pulse duration, and the achievable parameters of cold plasma impact on the target identical to those for sinusoidal excitation. Keywords: plasma jet of atmospheric pressure, pulse excitation.
Facilitators of and Barriers to the Use of a Digital Self-Management Service for Diagnostic Testing: Focus Group Study With Potential Users (Preprint)
Authors: Schnoor Kyma , Talboom-Kamp Esther P W A , Hajtić Muamer , Chavannes Niels H , Versluis Anke
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Health care lags in digital transformation, despite the potential of technology to improve the well-being of individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the uptake of technology in health care and increased individuals’ willingness to perform self-management using technology. A web-based service, Directlab Online, provides consumers with direct digital access to diagnostic test packages, which can digitally support the self-management of health.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify the facilitators, barriers, and needs of Directlab Online, a self-management service for web-based access to diagnostic testing.

METHODS

A qualitative method was used from a potential user’s perspective. The needs and future needs for, facilitators of, and barriers to the use of Directlab Online were evaluated. Semistructured focus group meetings were conducted in 2022. Two focus groups were focused on sexually transmitted infection test packages and 2 were focused on prevention test packages. Data analysis was performed according to the principles of the Framework Method. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to categorize the facilitators and barriers.

RESULTS

In total, 19 participants, with a mean age of 34.32 (SD 14.70) years, participated in the focus groups. Important barriers were a lack of privacy information, too much and difficult information, and a commercial appearance. Important facilitators were the right amount of information, the right kind of tests, and the involvement of a health care professional. The need for a service such as Directlab Online was to ensure its availability for users’ health and to maintain their health.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the participants, facilitators and barriers were comprehension of the information, the goal of the website, and the overall appearance of the service. Although the service was developed in cocreation with health care professionals and users, the needs did not align. The users preferred understandable and adequate, but not excessive, information. In addition, they preferred other types of tests to be available on the service. For future research, it would be beneficial to focus on cocreation between the involved medical professionals and users to develop, improve, and implement a service such as Directlab Online.
Machine learning-based prediction for outcomes of cardiac arrest in intensive care units: Model Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ni Peifeng , Zhang Sheng , Xiao Yan , Zhang Weidong , Yu Huan , Wu Chenghao , Zhang Hongwei , Zhu Ying , Diao Mengyuan , Hu Wei
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a global public health challenge. Accurate prediction of outcomes is a critical aspect of the management of patients after CA. This study will develop and validate an applicable machine learning (ML) model to predict in-hospital mortality of CA in intensive care units. This study will develop and validate an machine learning (ML) model to predict in-hospital mortality of CA in ICU.

OBJECTIVE

The study aims to develop and validate machine learning models to predict in-hospital mortality of CA in ICU.

METHODS

Patients with CA were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database, and further divided into the training set (80%) and validation set (20%). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The best model was selected from 11 ML algorithms and 3 time periods of 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was applied to visualize the importance of features, while recursive feature elimination (RFE) was performed to figure out key features. The optimal compact model was developed based on selected key features, and its performance was proven based on the validation set. In addition, a Web-based tool was designed to applied this model to clinical practice.

RESULTS

721 patients were included in this study, dividing into the training set (80%, n=576) and the validation set (20%, n=145). The 72-hour CatBoost model obtained the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.839. Thirteen variables were ultimately selected as key features, and the importance of each feature was visualized by SHAP. The compact model achieved the greatest AUROC of 0.862 in validation, which better than other models and SOFA (AUROC: 0.650). The Web-based tool was convenient for clinicians to use our model.

CONCLUSIONS

CatBoost model had great prediction performance of in-hospital mortality in CA patients.
Clinical Implication of Maumgyeol Basic service - the 2 channel EEG and a photoplethysmogram-based mental health evaluation software (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Maumgyeol Basic service is a mental health evaluation and grade scoring software using the 2 channels EEG and photoplethysmogram (PPG). This service is supposed to assess potential at-risk groups with mental illness more easily, rapidly, and reliably.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical implication of the Maumgyeol Basic service (brain health and mind health).

METHODS

One hundred one healthy controls and 103 patients with a psychiatric disorder were recruited. Psychological evaluation [Mental Health Screening for Depressive Disorders (MHS-D), Mental Health Screening for Anxiety Disorders (MHS-A), cognitive stress response scale (CSRS), 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Clinical Global Impression (CGI)] and cognitive ability evaluation (DSST) were applied to all participants. Maumgyeol brain health score and Maumgyeol mind health score were calculated from 2 channel frontal EEG (Fp1, Fp2) and PPG (an ear ball), respectively. Participants were divided into three groups: Maumgyeol Risky (both scores lower than 70), Maumgyeol Good (i.e., both scores above 80), and Maumgyeol Usual (i.e., the Others).

RESULTS

The Maumgyeol mind health scores, but not brain health scores, were significantly lower in the patients group compared to healthy controls. Maumgyeol Risky group showed significantly lower psychological and cognitive ability evaluation scores than Maumgyeol Usual and Good groups. Maumgyel brain health score showed significant correlations with CSRS and DSST. Maumgyeol mind health score showed significant correlations with CGI and DSST. About 20.6% of individuals were classified as the No Insight group, who had mental health problems but were unaware of their illnesses.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that the Maumgyeol Basic service can provide important clinical information about mental health and be used as a meaningful digital mental healthcare monitoring solution to prevent symptom aggravation.
Peculiarities of the methodology, diagnostic value, and global recommendations for assessing exercise tolerance in children (literature review, own research)
Authors: Marushko Yu.V. , Dmytryshyn O.A. , Hyshchak T.V. , Iovitsa T.V. , Bovkun O.A.
Published: February 2023

Assessment of exercise tolerance is one of the methods for clinical diagnosis of health status, which makes it possible to determine and comprehensively analyze the degree of physical fitness of a patient, his ability to tolerate physical exertion, and the adaptation capabilities of the body. The level of exercise tolerance plays a major role in assessing health status and quality of life of children and adolescents, as it depends on a whole set of factors, namely: the functional properties of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems and the level of physical fitness. Tests with dosed physical activity are used to assess exercise tolerance. The diagnostic value of methods for evaluating exercise tolerance consists in the possibility of constant monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, recording of an electrocardiogram, fixation of the level of blood oxygen saturation, determination of peak or maximum oxygen consumption obtained by direct and indirect methods during the test. The interpretation of the obtained results creates significant opportunities in terms of the diagnostic search for a pediatrician. The purpose of the work is to summarize the literature data about peculiarities of the tests with dosed physical activity, their diagnostic value, and global recommendations for assessing exercise tolerance in children, to evaluate the results of own research.
Mechanisms of action of extracellular miRNAs
Authors: Abaturov A.E. , Babуch V.L.
Published: February 2023

The mechanisms of action of extracellular miRNAs are given in the scientific review. To write the article, information was searched using Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library databases. The authors state that miRNAs are generated by producer cells and then packaged in extracellular vesicles and delivered to other cells by functionally active structures. Extracellular vesicles transport miRNA in a paracrine and endocrine manner. It is emphasized that the mechanism of action of extracellular microRNAs depends on their association with extracellular vesicles. MicroRNAs associated with extracellular vesicles are taken up by cells and act as intracellular microRNAs. MicroRNAs associated and not associated with extracellular vesicles, by interacting with specific receptors, induce the activation of intracellular signaling, most often pro-inflammatory pathways. Extracellular vesicles interact with the membrane of the recipient cell through their surface proteins in a ligand-receptor manner. It is shown that specific proteins of extracellular vesicles, such as major histocompatibility complex class I and class II proteins, transferrin receptors and tetraspanins, induce disruption of some signaling pathways of target cells. Scientists believe that exosomes and ectosomes are absorbed by recipient cells using clathrin-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, and/or macropinocytosis. After delivery to target cells, miRNAs regulate the translation of their target genes. Extracellular vesicles circulating in the blood serum of healthy people are believed to have antifibrogenic effects and contain miRNAs that inhibit the activity of hematopoietic stem cells or damaged hepatocytes. Scientists believe that receptor-independent penetration of the hepatitis C virus into hepatocytes can be carried out with the help of exosomes. Exosomal miRNAs and miRNAs not associated with exosomes are able to bind to certain cellular receptors and activate intracellular signaling pathways associated with them.
Letter from Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Grygorieva N.V.
Published: February 2023

No abstract
Disuse (post-mobilization) osteoporosis: literature review and clinical case series
Authors: Grygorieva N.V. , Dedukh N.V. , Parubets M.M. , Bystrytska M.A.
Published: February 2023

Background. Disuse (рost-immobilization) osteoporosis is defined as secondary loss of bone mass in case of the absence or insufficient mechanical load on the skeleton. This disease can be associated with various risk factors, including long-time bed rest. The purpose of the research was to analyze modern literary data on the mechanisms of development, principles of diagnosis and treatment of disuse osteoporosis and to present own clinical data of disuse osteoporosis in the patients with multiple injuries of the skeleton in the conditions of war in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The review was based on the analysis of literature sources from the PubMed, WOS, Scopus, Google, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library databases for the years 2007–2022. The search was conducted using keywords: disuse osteoporosis, immobilization, bed rest, bone mineral density (BMD), bone remodeling, regeneration. Results. The data on the theory of the mechanostat are considered as links in the appearance of disuse osteoporosis. In conditions of immobilization, bone remodeling processes are slowing down. Histomorphometric studies confirm a decrease in trabecular bone density, thickness of the cortical layer, and an increase in its porosity. A change in bone architecture with a biphasic course is observed. Disruption of the synchronicity of remodeling processes with a decrease in the rate of osteoblastogenesis and an increase in osteoclastogenesis was noted, and the role of osteocytes as mechanosensors was emphasized. Disuse osteoporosis leads to a violation of biochemical marker of bone metabolism. Early laboratory manifestations of bed rest were recorded in the form of a violation of calcium level, an increase in bone resorption markers, while bone formation markers did not change significantly. Bone loss in disuse osteoporosis is manifested by a decrease in BMD indices. The greatest decrease was recorded in the lower extremities’ bones and the vertebrae of the lumbar spine. Modern methods of treatment of disuse osteoporosis involve the use of antiresorptive and osteoanabolic agents but clinical data are limited, which requires multicenter randomized studies. The article presents 3 clinical examples of disuse osteoporosis after gunshot fractures of the lower extremities’ bones.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with articular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Iaremenko O.B. , Koliadenko D.I.
Published: February 2023

Background. Damage of the joints is one of the typical and often the first signs of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), however the peculiarities the of clinical and laboratory changes in patients without articular manifestations (AM) remain insufficiently studied. The purpose was to study the frequency of AM in the patients with SLE and to evaluate its interconnection with clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease. Materials and methods. 376 patients with SLE were examined. 2 groups were formed: I — with AM presented as arthritis and/or arthralgia at the time of application (n=316), II — without AM (n=60). The involvement of various organs and systems, as well as the levels of inflammatory markers and the spectrum of specific autoantibodies, were evaluated. Results. Patients with SLE and AM had erythematous rash on the face in the form of a “butterfly” more often than the patients without AM (34.1vs. 20.0%, p=0.04). Serositis was more often observed in patients with AM (39.6%) compared to the patients without AM (25.4%, p=0.048). Nephritis with nephrotic syndrome was 4 times more frequent in patients without arthritis/arthralgia compared to the subjects with AM (10.2 vs. 2.6%, p=0.04). The frequency of antiphospholipid syndrome was also significantly higher in patients without AM (25.5 vs. 6.0%, p<0.001). The group of the patients with SLE and AM had a higher frequency of Raynaud’s syndrome (27.5 vs. 15.0%, p=0.046), lymphadenopathy (50.5 vs. 35.6%, p=0.048), heart involvement (62.5 vs. 42.4%, p=0.007), weight loss (13.6 vs. 3.8%, p=0.04) and positivity for antibodies to dsDNA (65.0 vs. 45.7%, p=0.03), than the patients without AM. The median value of SLEDAI was significantly higher in the patients with SLE and AM (11 (6–16) points vs. 7.5 (4–14) points, р=0.01). Also they received significantly higher doses of oral glucocorticoids (10 (10–20) mg/d in prednisolone equivalent) compared to the subjects without AM (6.25 (3.75–12.5) mg/d, p=0.01). Conclusions. Rash on the face in the form of a “butterfly”, serositis, heart involvement, lymphadenopathy, Raynaud’s syndrome, weight loss, and anti-dsDNA positivity are significantly more common in SLE patients with AM. Nephritis with nephrotic syndrome and antiphospholipid syndrome occur more often in patients with SLE without AM. Presence of arthritis/arthralgia in patients with SLE is associated with a higher index of disease of activity and the need for higher doses of glucocorticoids.
Clinical features of joint damage in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Orlenko V.L.
Published: February 2023

Background. The development of diabetes-associated osteoarthritis is a complex and multifactorial process that depends on the type and compensation of diabetes mellitus (DM). Currently, the data about the role of various risk factors in the development of joint damage among the patients with DM are extremely contradictory. The purpose of the research was to study the clinical characteristics and risk factors of diabetes-associated osteoarthritis in the patients with type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2DM (T2DM). Materials and methods. 556subjects were examined, who were divided into groups according to the type of DM, the presence, and the degree of severity of diabetes-associated osteoarthritis. Results. In the group of the subjects with T1DM, diabetes-associated osteoarthritis was diagnosed in 185 (74.5%) patients, and in patients with T1DM, joint damage was diagnosed in 241 (78.2%) persons. It was established that in the vast majority of the patients, diabetes-associated osteoarthritis was localized in the joints of the upper limbs. Oligoarthritis was frequent of the patients with T1DM, while polyarthritis is more common in patients with T2DM. It has been established that the probability of diabetes-associated osteoarthritis developing in patients with T1DM probably increases after the age of 35, with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25.0kg/m2, a level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of more than 8.0%, and duration of DM of more than 28 years, and in the patients with T1DM, it develops more often among the patients after the age of 61 years, with HbA1c higher than 8.2%, BMI 27.9 kg/m2 and higher, and duration of DM more than 14 years. Conclusions. Measures to prevent diabetes-associated osteoarthritis in patients with DM should be based on long-term compensation of the underlying disease and maintenance of the optimal body mass.
Pedobarography — monitoring method of functional restoration of unstable ankle joint injuries
Authors: Sulyma V.S. , Filyak Yu.O. , Chuzhak A.V.
Published: February 2023

The pedobarography method makes it possible to objectify the dynamics of restoring the functional capacity of an injured limb. The value of the method is gaining popularity in determining the functional results of surgical treatment of the patients with ankle joint injuries. The details of pedobarographic monitoring during the treatment allow to obtain digital indices, which with careful statistical analysis can significantly improve not only the diagnostic process, but also control the process of functional recovery of the patients with injuries of the lower extremities. Changes in quantitative digital static and dynamic indices of pedobarography mean progress in the functional restoration of the injured limb or the need in the correction of the rehabilitation process. However, there is a problem in the interpretation and specification of the known indices and indices in accordance with the pathology. A review of the scientific publications based on the Scopus, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library databases is designed to analyze the possibilities of using the pedobarography method in the diagnosis of ankle joint injuries, tibial bone fractures, which in accordance with quantitative indices make 20-28 % of all fractures of human bones. The kinematic features of the human body in normal and pathological conditions should be carefully analyzed and practically used in the monitoring process of the recovery of walking during the rehabilitation period in the patients with ankle joint fractures and not only. Control and detection of the deviations of pedobarographic indices should be analyzed in details with the aim of early detection of an unresolved problem before the appearance of clinical signs of chronic instability. The literature search proves that the analysis of the entire range of static and dynamic indices of pedobarography of damaged and healthy limbs during the period of postoperative recovery of walking makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures aimed at functional restoration of unstable injuries of the ankle joint.
Calcium-phosphate ceramics in spine surgery: features of regeneration and use
Authors: Shapovalov V.S. , Dedukh N.V. , Shymon M.V.
Published: February 2023

The review is based on the analysis of 53 literature sources from PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Among the substitutes for autogenous bone grafts in spine surgery, ceramic biomaterials are the largest studied group, among which certain niche is occupied by calcium phosphate ceramics (CPCs). Hydroxylapatite, tricalcium phosphate and biphasic ceramics with all parts of hydroxylapatite and tricalcium phosphate are widely used in spine surgery. The advantage of using CPCs is their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, osteoimmunomodulation and the ability to stimulate angiogenesis — the main components that ensure bone regeneration. In the given review, the peculiarities of regeneration in the interface “ceramic material — bone tissue” depending on the composition, surface structure, and crystallinity of the material are noted. The positive results of the experimental studies led to the use of CPCs in the clinic. CPCs with autogenous bone grafts are successfully used in posterior and posterolateral lumbar spondylodesis, which allows reducing significantly the volume of autologous bone. A new direction is the development of non-metallic combined cages, which are used to perform anterior cervical discectomy and spondylodesis. The composition of these cages includes various polymers in combination with CPCs and bone autogenous graft to ensure high-quality spondylodesis, reduce of stress-shielding and subsidence of the cage. A special approach requires the study of degradation and resorption by osteoclasts of various CPCs in order to control and synchronize the process of “resorption — bone formation”. Among the issues for the further research, the molecular mechanisms of osteoimunomodulation and factors that stimulate osseointegration and osteoinduction in the management of reparative osteogenesis should be further explored.
Report from the research conference with international participation “Osteoporosis — actual multidisciplinary problem” (OsteoHub, online, November 17–18, 2022)
Authors: Authors No
Published: February 2023

No abstract
Abstracts of the scientific conference with international participation “Osteoporosis — actual multidisciplinary problem” (November 17–18, 2022)
Authors: Authors No
Published: February 2023

No abstract
Некоторые аспекты из истории взаимоотношений ханов Абылая и Уали с Цинской империей (на основе архивных источников)
Authors:   Ch. Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology (28, Shevchenko St., 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan), Kabuldinov Ziyabek E. , Beisembayeva Akmaral R. , Abil Yerkin A. , Tylakhmetova Anar S. ,   Institute of History of the State (4, Beibitshilik St., 010000 Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: February 2023

Introduction. In the 1740s–1780s, decentralization processes within the Kazakh Khanate led to that it was involved into somewhat troubled foreign policy relations. The period of struggle for political independence witnessed the emergence of Abylai — among most authoritative leaders of the Kazakh Khanate — as a key political decision-maker of the Great Steppe. His son Uali joined and continued the process of developing diplomatic relations between the Kazakh Khanate and the Qing Empire. In the future, it was a balanced strategy of diplomatic maneuvers under conditions of dual citizenship that constituted the basis of the latter ruler’s administrative agenda across Kazakh lands. Goals. Thus, the study aims to examine Abylai and Uali’s diplomatic relations with the Qing Empire. The paper shall also explore archival materials for data pertaining to diplomatic endeavors of Uali which are scarce enough as compared to those on Abylai’s activities. Materials and methods. The work focuses on documents stored at the Historical Archive of Omsk Oblast, Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, and Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. Quite a number of the documents from the Historical Archive of Omsk Oblast have been declassified only in 2019, and were never introduced into wide scholarly circulation. The newly obtained records reveal certain historical facts, including about certain diplomatic endeavors definitely adding to the little-known personality of Khan Uali. The currently available documentary evidence dealing with the events of the 18th–19th centuries virtually shed no light on Uali’s role in historical processes. Our search for information about activities of this historical figure shows how poorly investigated the latter is. The study employs the principles of scientific and historical knowledge, with due regard the value approach. Results. The Kazakh-Qing land-related negotiations after the collapse of the Dzungar Khanate continued with the establishment of trade and economic relations — to witness an increase in mutual diplomatic missions. So, Abylai faced an opportunity to obtain the Qing citizenship as a basis for further development of ties with the Manchu imperial palace. The Qing citizenship of Kazakh rulers Abylai and Uali did significantly expand room for political maneuver of theirs. Abylai is still considered to be a key figure in establishing Kazakh-Qing diplomatic relations, he who had taken the bulk of the responsibility — in this matter — among the then individuals of power and influence in the Steppe. Whereas, the role and activities of Uali remain little-known when it comes to discuss diplomatic relations between the Kazakhs and neighboring states.
Названия родовых групп тувинцев
Authors:   Tuvan State University (36, Lenin St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation), Kara-ool Lyubov S. , Kormushin Igor V. ,   Institute of Linguistics of the RAS (1, Bolshoi Kislovsky Lane, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2023

Introduction. In recent decades, Tuvans have shown an increasing interest in their clan/tribal histories contained in state archival documents or memoirs of their ancestors preserved in family files. Goals. The article seeks to explore features of names adopted by Tuvan clan/tribal (subethnic) groups. To facilitate this, the paper shall systematize clan/tribal names in the Tuvan language, investigate clan/tribal identities from ancient times, identify habitats of Tuvan subethnic groups as of the early 20th century, explore peculiarities of subethnic structures, and single out communities closely related to Tuvan ones to be found beyond Tuva’s borders. Materials. The work analyzes Tuvan ethnonyms from publications on the topic of research and field data collected during dialectological and comprehensive research expeditions. Results. Tuvan self-identity is closely associated with subethnic (clan/tribal) origin. The Tuvan language contains names for a total of over forty tribal associations, the latter be further divided into intra-tribal units (clans). Another important self-identity factor is the administrative/territorial one established in the mid-18th century by the Manchu (Qing) Dynasty of China. Our analysis shows the Tuvan ethnogenesis was based mainly on Turkic-speaking components, however, one can still trace Mongolic, Samoyed, Ket, and Tungus elements therein. Quite a number of clan/tribal names are distributed not only in the territory of Tuva, but also beyond its borders, which attests to common origins of many Turkic-speaking communities. A significant part of Tuvan ethnonyms remain virtually unexplored to date, therefore, those require deeper insights.
Нойон Галдама в письменной и народной традиции монгольских народов
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista, 358000, Russian Federation), Bakaeva Elza P.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Oirat old-script texts tell us about the prominent historical figure of Noyon Galdma (Kalm., Oir. Һалдма, Һалдмба; Mong. Галдамаа, Галдамбаа), son of Khan Ochirtu-Tsetsen, grandson of Khan Baibagas of the Khoshuts and Khong Tayiji Erdeni-Baatar of Dzungaria. The image and memory of Galdama has been preserved in oral folklore of Mongols. Goals. The article attempts a review of studies to have dealt with Galdama, seeks to analyze the reasons underlying his popularity in Mongolic folklore traditions, and reveal peculiarities of the image characteristic of different genres. Results. The historical figure — the son of Khan Ochirtu-Tsetsen — is widely known in written and oral traditions of Mongolic peoples, e.g., Galdama is mentioned in Ratnabhadra’s Biography of Zaya Pandita and other narratives. Mongolists have been dealing with epic songs of Galdama for over a century already, a total of circa twenty legends about this hero have been recorded. The seventeenth-century Oirat nobleman’s name is nowadays integral to diverse Mongolic cultures, such as Kalmyks and Buryats of Russia, Oirats of Western Mongolia and China’s Xinjiang (Torghuts, Upper Mongols, Olots), as well as Alasha Khoshuts and Ejine Torghuts inhabiting Inner Mongolia (PRC). So, versions of Galdma-related songs number over thirty. Conclusions. The dissemination of folklore texts centered around the renown protector of native territories believed to have been a skilful warrior and chieftain of border detachments is associated with the theme of homeland defense that was most urgent during the lifetime of Noyon Galdama (1635–1667) — when all Mongols faced an increasing threat of Manchu invasion, and the Congress of 1640 developed The Great Code of Laws that proclaimed defense of Mongol-inhabited domains a supreme goal and virtue. Mythologization of Galdama’s image also attests to the significance of his personality in Oirat history, which can be traced in Oirat folklore heritage.
Историко-этнографические аспекты тувинской женской наплечной одежды «эдектиг тон»
Authors:   Aldan-Maadyr National Museum of the Tyva Republic (30, Titov St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation), Khovalyg Rolanda B.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The article examines the women’s shoulder garment edektig ton from historical and ethnographic perspectives. The mutual dependence between material and spiritual cultures results in that edektig ton — via a number of its elements, such as textiles and manufacturing technology, design patterns, ornaments and symbols, terminology and worldview beliefs — consistently preserves valuable data and meanings pertaining to history and ethnography. Goals. The study attempts a historical/ethnographic insight into the women’s shoulder garment edektig ton to identify its peculiarities, semiotics and differences typical for various Tuvan clans, including to understand why it is sometimes referred to as ‘terlik ton’ (lit. ‘luxurious ton’), or ‘derlig ton’ (lit. ‘sweaty ton’) across Tuvan tribal groups. The fact the issue remains understudied and young Tuvans show an increased interest in their material culture make the study relevant and timely enough. Results. The article analyzes a set of historical and ethnographic materials dealing with edektig ton, namely: writings by researchers of Tuva, museum items and field data, including ones collected during the expedition for comprehensive ethnogenetic and linguoanthropological research into Tuva’s tribal groups conducted from 27 September to 15 October 2022 with the financial support from Russian Science Foundation. The paper reveals additional names for this Tuvan women’s garment may vary, traces a genesis of the latter’s details, identifies one of its previous forms — ibchi ton — which is similar enough to Khakass patterns. Conclusions. The article delineates ethnogenetic and ethnocultural ties between edektig ton of Tuvans and clothes of other ethnic groups, and introduces some peculiarities of its terminology.
Этническая антропология тувинцев: история и перспективы развития. Часть 1
Authors:   Tuvan State University (36, Lenin st., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation), Vagner-Sapukhina Elena A. , Pezhemsky Denis V. ,   Paleoethnology Research Center (12/5, Novaya Ploshchad, 109012 Moscow, Russian Federation),   Lomonosov Moscow State University (11/1, Mokhovaya St., 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The history of Tuva’s anthropological study dates back almost a century, and interest in this region never faded to date. In this regard, there is a need to summarize all related research publications, clarify the periodization of stages in the study of Tuvan physical anthropology. Goals. The work primarily aims to summarize all collected data on anthropological appearances of Tuvans and identify problem areas in this topic, as well as prospects for further research. Part One shall introduce a step-by-step history of the study of Tuvan physical anthropology, with due regard of the development of biological anthropology in Russia. Results. The paper provides a detailed analysis of ethnic anthropology results comprising head, face and physique measurements and descriptive data, dental and dermatoglyphic parameters. Data from a number of anthropological systems make it possible to determine the place of Tuvans among Siberian Mongoloids, delineate some local variants within the population of Tuva. Conclusions. Despite there is a most detailed anthropological description of Tuvans, some aspects of their intra-group differentiation remain unresolved — especially taking into account the existing tribal subdivision — just like the case with the formation of Tuvan anthropological appearances during the medieval era and modern times, which sets new vectors for further research of Tuva’s population.
К вопросу о чувашских материалах Ф. И. Страленберга
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the RAS (1/1, Bolshoi Kislovsky Lane, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation), Savelyev Alexander V.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The paper deals with the linguistic data documented in Ph. J. Strahlenberg’s Chuvash wordlist, which is known to be the earliest lexicographic source on the Chuvash language. The wordlist was published in Ph. J. Strahlenberg’s 1730 book but had been, most likely, collected much earlier, in 1711. Goals. The study aims to provide a philological interpretation of Ph. J. Strahlenberg’s wordlist and evaluate its significance for the history of Chuvash. This source has been widely considered to be of little linguistic value and, generally, hardly interpretable because of numerous errors and inconsistencies as well as the brevity of the wordlist. The starting point of this article is the idea that Ph. J. Strahlenberg’s wordlist can still be analyzed if it is taken not as an isolated piece of documentation of Chuvash, but within the broader context of, firstly, Ph. J. Strahlenberg’s materials on other languages of Northern Eurasia and, secondly, other sources on the 18th-century Chuvash language. Materials and methods. It is shown that Ph. J. Strahlenberg has documented 30 Chuvash words in total, including 28 words in the Chuvash wordlist proper, 1 word in the main text of his book, and 1 word mistakenly placed in the wordlist of the neighboring Mari language. These materials have been investigated through standard methods of philological analysis, with a main focus on the orthographic peculiarities of the wordlist (considered against the background of other old written Chuvash sources) and on proposing plausible conjectures. Results. The paper provides a comprehensive philological account of each item on Ph. J. Strahlenberg’s Chuvash wordlist. It is established that almost all difficulties of interpretation that are traditionally associated with this source are rooted in the use of limitedly known orthographic patterns and, additionally, in the distortion of the recorded forms during the period after the original documentation and before the publication of Ph. J. Strahlenberg’s book. After introducing conjectures into the wordlist, it becomes possible to reconstruct phonetic prototypes of the documented forms. This, in turn, sets the stage for placing Ph. J. Strahlenberg’s materials on the dialectological map of Chuvash. While not particularly specific in terms of historical dialectology, the features characteristic of this variety can be broadly described as Viryal Chuvash. Given the extra-linguistic evidence available, it can be assumed that Ph. J. Strahlenberg’s Chuvash wordlist was recorded in the vicinity of Šupaškar (Cheboksary). Therefore, the attested dialect should probably be classified among the northern varieties of Viryal Chuvash.
Абсурдные и парадоксальные пословицы в тувинском языке (онтологический и логический аспекты категоризации пословичной семантики)
Authors:   RUDN University (6, Miklouho-Maclay St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation), Ivanov Evgeny E.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The article deals with absurd and paradoxical proverbs resulting from the categorization of proverbial semantics according to the criterion of ‘relation to reality’ in the ontological or logical aspects. Goals. The study aims to identify quantitative and qualitative features of ontological and logical contradictions to reality traced in semantics of Tuvan proverbs. Materials and methods. The work analyzes a total of 770 Tuvan proverbs contained in Tuvan Proverbs and Sayings (1966), Proverbs and Sayings of the Tuvan People (2020), and other sources. The publication employs the author’s methodology for semantics categorization of aphoristic units and their differentiation into semantic types according to the criterion of ‘relation to reality’. Results. The article reveals that one in eight Tuvan proverbs literally (in the direct sense) contradict the existing order of things in the world. The ontological nature of a contradiction to reality in a proverb is implemented via the semantics of the absurd, which is motivated by a situational or verbal context, and it is impossible to interpret the literal content of the proverb — from the viewpoint of logical (rational) thinking — being unaware of that very context. The logical nature of the contradiction to reality in the proverb is implemented via the semantics of the paradox, which can be motivated epistemologically, semantically or formally, and logically. Only one structural part of a proverb can be contrary to reality, and this part always dominates in terms of general content. The Tuvan proverbs that contradict reality are distinguished by the presence of absurdity semantics in one of their structural parts, and that of paradox in the other one. Conclusions. An unexpectedly large number of absurd and paradoxical proverbs in the Tuvan proverb corpus attests to that it is reality’s perception and comprehension — based on the ontological and/or logical contradictions to objective reality — that take a significant place in the Tuvan view of the world.
Тувинский язык в образовании: вопросы витальности языка
Authors:   Office of the Commissioner for Children’s Rights in the Tyva Republic (1Б, Kalinin St., 667011 Kyzyl, Russian Federation), Tovuu Sayzana S.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The article examines the functioning of Tuvan in the educational system from a historical perspective throughout the 20th–21st centuries. The work analyzes language development endeavors as part of Tuva’s educational policy, summarizes outcomes of sociological surveys for actual attitudes of Tuvan speakers to their native language as a value. Goals. The paper aims to show the importance of the educational system as a key sphere for language vitality. Materials and methods. The analyzed data were obtained from the research projects as follows: ‘Tuvan for Children’ — a regional educational project attended by a total of 52,186 individuals since 2019 (2019–2020 — 22,931; 2021–2022 — 29,255); and ‘Traditional Family Values in Spiritual and Moral Education of Children and Youth in the Tyva Republic’ — a scientific project to have involved 2,083 respondents in 2022, and aiming to determine whether the latter view their native (Tuvan) language as a value. Results. Outcomes of three monitoring surveys show a year-on-year increase in the number of pre-school children that learn Tuvan and a sufficient language proficiency level of theirs. The study attests to that native language is viewed as a value of the ethnos, and it is family that contributes most to its preservation. Conclusions. In a historical perspective, native language teaching has played a significant role in the educational system’s shaping as such. The actual state support for native languages of the Republic manifested in official languages development programs has significantly facilitated the emergence of additional opportunities for native (Tuvan) language teaching and learning in educational institutions.
Образ культурного героя Сартакпая в алтайском фольклоре
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Sadalova Tamara M. , Pashtakova Tatuna N. ,   Inner Mongolia University (234, West University Road, 010021 Hohhot, People’s Republic of China)
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Altaian mythology is a distinct religious and mythological system, since historical and cultural ties of the Altai people go deep into the ancient and medieval history of Central Asian Turks and Mongols. The article analyzes Altaian myths centered around the culture hero Sartakpai whose image is widely known in folklore traditions of Southern Siberia and Mongolia. Goals. The work aims to identify mythological foundations in the system of cultural landscapes (or ethnocultural space) inherent to the Altai people. Materials and methods. To facilitate this, it is urgent to reveal mechanisms that sustain the religious and mythological tradition, and serve to select, preserve or remove certain elements in plots of myths, folktales, and legends. So, it is a combination of traditional folklore research methods and an interdisciplinary approach that proves instrumental therein. The paper examines multi-genre texts of Altaian folklore from a comparative perspective, and involves comparative materials of related cultures. This makes it possible to consider the Altaian religious and mythological system in its close relationship with the mythological world view, identify some new dimensions, and actualize relations between its ‘ancient’ and ‘new’ layers. Results. It is generally agreed that Altaian mythology is largely etiological by nature and tends to express worldviews and attitudes of the people’s distant ancestors. The Altaian system of cultural landscapes (or ethnic space) comprises a concept of its mythological development. Hierarchically arranged deities and spirits — each occupying a special niche in three-dimensional space — co-exist with culture heroes that had arranged (developed) certain places, rivers, lakes in the Middle World. And it is Sartakpai who proves a most popular hero of Altaian folklore and whose name is associated with origins of some natural objects. In Altaian mythology, he is viewed as a most active builder of the human-inhabited Middle World — and a native of the Altai. His image is creative, and it is him who had left behind lots of productive evidence in cultural heritage of the Altai people that survive to date, the culture hero himself being still perceived as a glorified historical figure rather than a mythological character. Therefore, the image of Sartakpai persists in present-day ethnocultural processes and discourse.