bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"In a Dry Season" - A Police Procedural Novel by Peter Robinson
Authors: Dhanawade Sanmati Vijay
Published: March 2021

Genre fiction, also recognized as popular fiction is an umbrella term as it comprises various categories, varieties, and sub-types. On occasion, innovative writers have practiced in mingling these methods and generating an entirely dissimilar variety of categories. In general, genre fiction inclines to place plentiful significance on entertainment and, as a consequence, it leans towards to be more widespread with mass audiences. But currently, writers are lettering beyond mere meager amusement and they are commenting on various socio-cultural issues, resulting in their writing more realistic. Furthermore, various life real things and norms implied in their writing are constructing the entire genre form and all its types more noteworthy and vital. As accredited by literary jurisdiction following are some of the leading classifications as they are used in contemporary publication: Fantasy, Horror, Science fiction, Crime and Mystery Fiction etc.  The kind Crime and Mystery Fiction also has various categories for example, Cozy, Hardboiled, The Inverted Detective Story, Police Procedural, etc. In the present paper, Canadian crime fiction writer Peter Robinson’s novel In a Dry Season is studied in the light of this police procedural type of novel writing. The paper aspires to discover various police procedural features employed by the writer.
A interdiscursividade no discurso jurídico: petições de dissolução de sociedade de fato
Authors: Sales Ana Cleide C.
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apontar e analisar os possíveis efeitos de sentido produzidos no discurso jurídico: petições de dissolução de sociedade de fato. Para tanto, fez-se um estudo a partir da teoria da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, associando-a ao discurso jurídico. Nossa pesquisa tipo documental nos permitiu analisar um corpus composto de doze petições colhidas aleatoriamente, resguardados os princípios éticos. Partindo das concepções de Pêcheux, Foucault, Maingueneau, entre outros, analisamos a interdiscursividade na constituição do discurso jurídico. Espera-se que este estudo seja um instrumento relevante de interpretação da realidade lingüística, social e histórica que permeia as relações humanas.
A concepção de autor em Bakhtin, Barthes e Foucault
Authors: Cavalheiro Juciane Dos Santos
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo, refletiremos sobre a questão do autor a partir dos postulados de M. Bakhtin, R. Barthes e M. Foucault. Embora cada um possua suas particularidades teóricas, eles questionam a unicidade do sujeito, a partir da negação de uma voz soberana/única. Procuramos reconhecer e analisar a maneira de como esses autores tentaram explicitar, em nossa cultura, o desenvolvimento da noção de autoria, levando em conta as implicações sócio-político-culturais-econômicas e, de modo particular, suas repercussões no fazer literário. Nesses autores, observamos o fato de que o indivíduo não é mais autor, mas que a autoria é um fenômeno complexo, perpassado por várias instâncias ou conceitos, tais como o autor-criador em Bakhtin, o escritor em Barthes e a função-autor em Foucault.
Green is Good—The Impact of Information Nudges on the Selection of Voluntary Green-Power Plans
Authors: Cardella Eric , Ewing Bradley T. , Williams Ryan B.
Published: March 2021

A recent trend has been a move toward greater reliance on renewable or “green” energy sources, especially in the residential sector. Using a choice experiment, this paper examines how providing information regarding the efficiency, cost, and environmental impacts of different power-generating sources impact consumers’ stated preferences for selecting voluntary green-power plans. Based on 21,000 plan choices from two different samples totaling over 1,800 respondents, our results indicate that information nudges significantly impact respondents’ choice of plan. Promoting the advantages of the green plan or the disadvantages of the “gray” plan increase green plan selection. The magnitudes of these estimated effects are economically significant being roughly equivalent to a change in the monthly green price premium of $4/month. We also find that promoting the advantages of the green plan is more effective when the green plan premium is relatively small, while highlighting the drawbacks of the gray plan is more effective when the green plan premium is relatively large. Our results suggest that information nudges have the potential to be a plausible, economical, and effective mechanism to increase adoption of voluntary green-power plans.
Przestępstwa seksualne osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w świetle hipotezy pozornej dewiacji
Authors: Pospiszyl Kazimierz
Published: March 2021

Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej części przedstawiono negatywny, a w każdym razie ambiwalentny stosunek do aktywności seksualnej osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną przejawiany zarówno przez większość społeczeństwa, jak i tradycyjnych psychologów. Wychodząc z tego założenia, starano się ukazać ważność i pionierskość hipotezy pozornej dewiacji u osób z niepełnosprawnością popełniających przestępstwa seksualne. Hipoteza ta ukazuje zjawisko przestępczości seksualnej tego typu osób w całkowicie nowej, bardziej wnikliwej postaci, uwzględniającej specyfikę percepcji otaczającego świata oraz norm moralnych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną.
Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono ukazaniu, w jakim stopniu counterfeit deviance hypothesis może wpływać na zwiększenie efektywności oddziaływań terapeutycznych na osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną popełniające przestępstwa seksualne.
Persisting bleeding from the duodenal ulcer in patients with occlusion of the celiac trunk: a case report
Authors: Żyluk Andrzej , Zeair Samir , Kordowski Janusz , Gabrysz-Trybek Ewa
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Endoscopic measures have continued to be the primary procedures in the management of ulcer bleeding. Nevertheless, in cases of failed endoscopic hemostasis and re-bleedings, endovascular techniques have gradually gained increased acceptance as an alternative to surgery, allowing to avoid surgical intervention in some cases.
 Case report: A case of a 42-year-old patient presenting to the authors’ institution with massive bleeding from the duodenal ulcer, sprang from a pathologically enlarged gastroduodenal artery is reported. This vascular anomaly was a consequence of occlusion of the coeliac trunk (Dunbar syndrome), which was shown on an angio-CT scan. In spite of several endoscopic and endovascular measures, as well as three operations, the bleeding persistently recurred (a total of 6 episodes) and the patient eventually died. The article presents details of operative and endovascular treatments. Contemporary trends in management in cases of failed endoscopic interventions and re-bleedings form peptic ulcers are shown in the discussion.
Truck Traffic and Load Spectra of Indiana Roadways for the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide
Authors: Bao Jieyi , Hu Xiaoqiang , Peng Cheng , Jiang Yi , Li Shuo , Nantung Tommy
Published: March 2021

The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) has been employed for pavement design by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) since 2009 and has generated efficient pavement designs with a lower cost. It has been demonstrated that the success of MEPDG implementation depends largely on a high level of accuracy associated with the information supplied as design inputs. Vehicular traffic loading is one of the key factors that may cause not only pavement structural failures, such as fatigue cracking and rutting, but also functional surface distresses, including friction and smoothness. In particular, truck load spectra play a critical role in all aspects of the pavement structure design. Inaccurate traffic information will yield an incorrect estimate of pavement thickness, which can either make the pavement fail prematurely in the case of under-designed thickness or increase construction cost in the case of over-designed thickness. The primary objective of this study was to update the traffic design input module, and thus to improve the current INDOT pavement design procedures. Efforts were made to reclassify truck traffic categories to accurately account for the specific axle load spectra on two-lane roads with low truck traffic and interstate routes with very high truck traffic. The traffic input module was updated with the most recent data to better reflect the axle load spectra for pavement design. Vehicle platoons were analyzed to better understand the truck traffic characteristics. The unclassified vehicles by traffic recording devices were examined and analyzed to identify possible causes of the inaccurate data collection. Bus traffic in the Indiana urban areas was investigated to provide additional information for highway engineers with respect to city streets as well as highway sections passing through urban areas. New equivalent single axle load (ESAL) values were determined based on the updated traffic data. In addition, a truck traffic data repository and visualization model and a TABLEAU interactive visualization dashboard model were developed for easy access, view, storage, and analysis of MEPDG related traffic data.
Patterns of Intentional Dismemberment in Florida Medicolegal Death Investigations
Authors: Rubin Katie , Finlayson Janet
Published: March 2021

This study identifies broad patterns of intentional dismemberment in Florida as observed in cases accessioned over a 15-year period at the University of Florida C. A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory. A review of all case files dating from July 2003 through June 2018 (N = 959) found 28 individuals with indications of intentional dismemberment. Decedents ranged from neonatal to 76 years in age at death; half were female, and 91.7% were identified by the medical examiner as White. Transection via sawing was the most common dismemberment mode (50%), followed by disarticulation of joints (19%). The most common implement was a saw, and electric reciprocating saws were the most common saw type. These data are compared to multiple U.S.-based dismemberment samples, positioned within a larger U.S. framework, and assessed against international data. Combined U.S. data suggest female homicide victims are more likely to be dismembered than male homicide victims. The use of three different modes of dismemberment, with transection by sawing more common than transection by chopping and transection by any means more common than disarticulation, is noted across the Eastern U.S. However, selection of implement and mode may be influenced by sub-regional factors such as population density. This is in contrast to available Latin American data, which indicate dismemberments—commonly in the context of organized violence and used as a means of symbolic communication—occur primarily to males and overwhelmingly by chopping. The discrepancies in dismemberment patterns between the U.S. and Latin American contexts illustrate the importance of sociopolitical circumstance when making broad comparisons across geographic samples.
Malware Variants Identiﬁcation in Practice
Authors: Botacin Marcus , Grégio André , De Geus Paulo
Published: March 2021

Malware are persistent threats to computer systems and analysis procedures allow developing countermeasures to them. However, as samples are spreading on growing rates, malware clustering techniques are required to keep analysis procedures scalable. Current clustering approaches use Call Graphs (CGs) to identify polymorphic samples, but they consider only individual functions calls, thus failing to cluster malware variants created by replacing sample's original functions by semantically-equivalent ones. To solve this problem, we propose a behavior-based classiﬁcation procedure able to group functions on classes, thus reducing analysis procedures costs. We show that classifying samples according their behaviors (via function call semantics) instead by their pure API invocation is a more effective way to cluster malware variants. We also show that using a continence metric instead of a similarity metric helps to identify malware variants when a sample is embedded in another.
Supersingular Isogeny Oblivious Transfer
Authors: Barreto Paulo , Oliveira Gláucio , Benits Waldyr , Nascimento Anderson
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos um protocolo Oblivious Transfer (OT) que combina um esquema OT juntamente com a primitiva do protocolo Supersingular Isogeny Difﬁe-Hellman (SIDH). Nossa proposta é um candidato para segurança pós-quântica OT e demonstra que o SIDH naturalmente suporta a funcionalidade OT. Consideramos o protocolo na conﬁguração mais simples de (cid:0)2 1 (cid:1)-SIOT e analisamos a sua segurança.
Ferramenta para Detecção e Contenção de Ataques Slowloris
Authors: Faria Vinicius , Gonçalves Jéssica , Silva Camila , Vieira Gabriele , Mascarenhas Dalbert
Published: March 2021

Ataques de negação de serviço na camada de aplicação trazem um desaﬁo adicional em sua detecção por ferramentas de segurança devido a utilização de vulnerabilidades especíﬁcas da aplicação. Este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta para detecção e contenção de ataque Slowloris. A ferramenta atua por meio de três módulos distintos, distribuídos nos roteadores, servidores WEB e em um Concentrador. Os módulos atuam em conjunto para detectar e conter o ataque através da análise do padrão de comportamento do ataque. Os testes realizados em laboratório demonstram que a ferramenta detecta o comportamento anômalo do Slowloris e consequentemente bloqueia o atacante antes da saturação dos recursos da vítima.
Construção de S-Boxes com Valores Ótimos de Não Linearidade Baseada em uma Relação entre o Multigrafo de Ramanujan e a Matriz da Transformação Aﬁm
Authors: Belleza Marcio , Borges Fábio
Published: March 2021

Uma S-Box (caixa de substituição) deve ter pelo menos valores ótimos para não linearidade (N L), uniformidade diferencial e grau algébrico. Segundo a literatura, uma S-Box criptograﬁcamente forte deve ter N L > 100. O AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) usa uma matriz binária não singular S para construir sua S-Box. Muitos trabalhos escolhem S em aproximadamente 262 matrizes não singulares ou constroem S-Box aleatoriamente, sem garantir N L > 100. Neste trabalho, identiﬁcamos que S pode ser estudada como uma matriz de adjacência (A(G)) de um multigrafo de Ramanujan e veriﬁcamos esta relação com outras A(G) do tipo rotacionais. Dessa forma, reduzimos a busca por S para a ordem de 1011 e construímos S-Boxes com N L > 100.
Uma Modelagem de Risco Centrada em Comportamentos para o Desenvolvimento Seguro de Serviços no Ecossistema Web
Authors: Da Silva Carlo , Garcia Vinícius
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma modelagem de risco para o desenvolvimento de serviços no ecossistema Web. A proposta visa estimar um fator de risco e impacto aos ativos considerando a violação de dados, os aspectos humanos e a conformidade do serviço. Além de considerar os comportamentos de seus atores, dispositivos e recursos. Adicionalmente, a proposta é validada através de catálogos de ataques top-threats disponíveis publicamente e testes estruturais com a linguagem Java e técnicas BDD. Com isso, é possível observar sua aplicabilidade sobre os riscos mais emergentes, caracterizando-se como um artefato que proporciona um desenvolvimento guiado na prevenção de ameaças para serviços da Web.
Alternative N-bit Key Data Encryption for Block Ciphers
Authors: Damasceno Kayque , Cruz Carlos , De Oliveira Anderson , De Castro Luís
Published: March 2021

Post-encryption patterns are cribs that can be used by adversaries to unlock the encryption key both in symmetric or asymmetric cryptography, compromising security. Different methods to mitigate the problem, with their advantages and disadvantages, can be found in the literature, including one-time pad encryption, code-based cryptography and cipher block chaining. This work presents an alternative technique to generate an n-bit, n-block and key cipher that can be derived from reasonable short length key. The proposed technique is able to mitigate post-encryption patterns. Experimental results asserting the capabilities of the proposed cipher techniques are presented and discussed in the text.
Detecção de API Scrapers Através do Fluxo de Hyperlinks
Authors: Santos Filho Ailton , Feitosa Eduardo
Published: March 2021

As APIs Web representam um mercado em expansão e hoje correspondem a uma porção signiﬁcativa do tráfego na Internet. Com o aumento da popularidade das APIs Web, os desenvolvedores se deparam cada vez mais com agentes maliciosos e, em muitos casos, as soluções atuais para impedir o abuso dessas APIs não são capazes de impedir extração não autorizada (vazamento) de dados. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem para detectar clientes anômalos realizando extração sistemática de informações das APIs RESTful, baseada na análise do ﬂuxo de hyperlinks.
Das historische Kartonmodell als Bildungsmedium
Authors: Westhoff Lena
Published: March 2021

Paper models were a popular activity for children and at the same time a vehicle for educational content and political propaganda. Relevant historical paper models from the J. F. Schreiber publishing house were chosen to illustrate these purposes. The analysis of historico-cultural scenes, colonial paper models and kits from the era of the second world war show a clear picture of educational intentions. Through means of structured analysis of the paper models, possibilities for present didactics are illustrated.
The Applicable Law for the Third-Party Effects of Assignment of Claim – the Approach of the United Kingdom
Authors: Garajová Michaela
Published: March 2021

The European Commission proposed a new regulation related to the law applicable to third-party effects of the assignment of claims. By this regulation the European Commission is aiming at increasing cross-border transactions, investments and market integration. However, the proposal is facing negative positions of member states, especially the United Kingdom. Even though the United Kingdom will not be obliged to follow the rules from the proposal, because it will come into effect after the transition period ends, its approach on this matter will regulate the third party effects of the assignment of claims in case the of cross-border transactions between a person from a member state and from the United Kingdom. Taking into account the difference between the approaches of the European Union and the United Kingdom, persons involved may get into more legal uncertainty than before.
A pesquisa na formação do professor universitário: competências na produção e transmissão do conhecimento
Authors: Silva Jenekesia Lins , Rêgo Ana Paula Monteiro , Mercado Luís Paulo Leopoldo
Published: March 2021

Este artigo traz a produção de pesquisa como uma das mais importantes atribuições do professor universitário. A formação universitária do profissional de Educação, como professor de graduação, não é considerada suficiente para o desenvolvimento da capacidade de produzir e tornar o grupo de professores em pesquisadores. As formações e pós-graduações possibilitam reflexões acerca da formação dos professores universitários e suas atribuições e enfatizam discussões sobre a pesquisa na universidade. Este é um artigo de reflexão teórica que teve como objetivo relatar os fundamentos teóricos de Perrenoud (2001), Tardif e Lahaye, (1991), Ramos (2010), Pimenta (2009), Gerhardt e Silveira (2009), Soares (2018), que nortearam as discussões ocorridas no Curso de Formação Continuada “Atuação e Competências do Professor Universitário” do Curso de Pós-graduação em Educação, na disciplina Metodologia do Ensino Superior com Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) durante o primeiro semestre de 2018. Como forma de elucidar o percurso de uma formação que favoreça a habilidade de desenvolver pesquisa na universidade, apresentamos a construção de um Curso de Formação para professores universitários como pesquisadores e orientadores de pesquisas. Os resultados deste estudo podem ser utilizados como percurso de formação de professores com ênfase na pesquisa. A pesquisa na formação docente fomenta inovação na prática pedagógica no intuito de fornecer subsídios para a produção do conhecimento, o qual induz progressão positiva na prática pedagógica e promove uma formação reflexiva sob a óptica da transmissão do conhecimento.
Bibliotecas universitárias federais brasileiras: acessibilidade/avaliação do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP)
Authors: Stroparo Eliane Maria , Moreira Laura Ceretta
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo discorre sobre indicadores de acessibilidade em bibliotecas universitárias federais brasileiras e processos avaliativos no contexto da inclusão realizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral foi avaliar as políticas públicas de inclusão efetivadas em bibliotecas universitárias e as questões avaliativas pertinentes à acessibilidade. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio de questionário online enviados a 25 (vinte e cinco) coordenadores de Sistemas de Bibliotecas de universidades federais brasileiras e 31 (trinta e um) avaliadores do INEP. Também a diretoria de Avaliação de Educação Superior (DAES) e a Coordenadoria Geral de Avaliação de Cursos de Graduação e Instituições de Ensino Superior do INEP, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Foram analisados, contextualizados e interpretados com base em fundamentos da análise de conteúdo, resultando nas categorias; concepção acerca da política de inclusão nas bibliotecas universitárias; acessibilidade física; acessibilidade informacional; acessibilidade nos serviços; acessibilidade atitudinal; avaliação do INEP e política institucional inclusiva. Avanços, fragilidades de acessibilidade, inclusão e avaliação nas bibliotecas universitárias apontaram para a necessidade de efetivação de uma política institucional inclusiva nos Sistemas de Bibliotecas das universidades federais brasileiras, de modo a eliminar barreiras e garantir o direito de oportunidades iguais a todos.
A formação de professores e as contribuições do pensamento complexo
Authors: Luppi Mônica Aparecida Rodrigues , Behrens Marilda Aparecida , Sá Ricardo Antunes de
Published: March 2021

O pensamento complexo busca uma tomada de consciência, propondo uma nova organização dos saberes no sistema de ideias, interligando assim os conhecimentos. Deste modo, questiona-se: de que forma se articulam os elementos que emergem do campo de estudos da formação inicial de professores e como se forma a tessitura de relações presentes nos fenômenos educacionais? O objetivo geral deste trabalho é mapear os elementos constituintes da formação inicial a fim de demonstrar essa articulação. A pesquisa é qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, prevê uma reflexão analítica e crítica. Como resultados alcançados, apresentam-se; a elaboração de um diagrama, a indicação de informações que compõem a concepção de homem, a teoria de educação e a concepção de sociedade nos aspectos que se mostram coerentes com o pensamento complexo; a consideração de que as percepções, experiências, crenças e valores do pesquisador influenciam na pesquisa, a necessidade de uma reforma do pensamento que possibilite religar e interligar conhecimentos, a compreensão de que a condição humana como indivíduo/espécie/sociedade, exige atenção com relação ao seu convívio e vida no planeta; ter como princípios os fundamentos da teoria de sistemas, da cibernética e do conceito de organização com base na complexidade e aceitar o conhecimento sujeito à incerteza e ao inesperado.
UC San Diego, The Military and Building a Unique, Diversified Economic Growth Ecosystem
Authors: Abremski Dennis , Roben Paul
Published: March 2021

San Diego’s economy, fueled by its innovation ecosystem, has experienced meteoric growth over the past several decades, with the region now ranked amongst the top life sciences clusters in the world. This growth has been inextricably linked to the military presence over the decades and the region has benefited from the symbiotic presence of both the military and private and public sector innovation partners, creating an ecosystem that may be unique in the nation. This unique combination of market forces is turbo-charging the creation of “multi-use” technologies and startups, through regional collaborations and associated programs that align the research discoveries and capabilities of universities, with the strategic needs of the government, while feeding the growth of commercial industry partners and the economy as a whole.  One key to the continued competitiveness and success of San Diego will be to strengthen this virtuous cycle, to drive productivity and propagate the impact of the engagement across multiple innovation sectors or clusters.
Cracking Difficult Biliary Stones
Authors: Angsuwatcharakon Phonthep , Rerknimitr Rungsun
Published: March 2021

Apart from difficult biliary cannulation, biliary stone removal is considered one of the hurdles in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Generally, simple common bile duct (CBD) stones can be removed either with an extraction balloon or a basket. However, there are difficult stones that cannot be removed using these standard methods. The most difficult stones are large CBD stones and impacted stones in a tapering CBD. A few decades ago, mechanical lithotripsy was usually required to manage these stones. At present, endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) of the biliary orifice has become the gold standard for large CBD stones up to 1.5 cm. EPLBD can reduce the procedural time by shortening the stone removal process. It can also save the cost of the devices, especially multiple baskets, used in mechanical lithotripsy. Unfortunately, very large CBD stones, stones impacted in a tapering CBD, and some intrahepatic duct stones still require lithotripsy. Peroral cholangioscopy provides direct visualization of the stone, which helps the endoscopist perform a probe-based lithotripsy either with an electrohydraulic probe or a laser probe. This technique can facilitate the management of difficult CBD stones with a high success rate and save procedural time without significant technical complications.
Risk Factors for Prolonged Hospital Stay after Endoscopy
Authors: Nishizawa Toshihiro , Yoshida Shuntaro , Toyoshima Osamu , Matsuno Tatsuya , Irokawa Masataka , Arano Toru , Ebinuma Hirotoshi , Suzuki Hidekazu , Kanai Takanori , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: March 2021

Background/Aims: The recovery room used after endoscopy has limited capacity, and an efficient flow of the endoscopy unit is desired. We investigated the duration of hospital stay after endoscopy and the risk factors for prolonged hospital stay among outpatients.Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy at the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic. We collected data on age, sex, body weight, midazolam and pethidine dosage, respiratory depression during endoscopy, and duration of hospital stay after endoscopy (scope out to check out). Risk factors for prolonged hospital stay (>100 minutes) were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: We enrolled 3,898 patients, including 3,517 (90.2%) patients tested under sedation and 381 (9.8%) patients tested without sedation. Overall, 442 (11.3%) patients had prolonged stay (>100 min). The mean time difference between sedation group and non-sedation group was 44.2 minutes for esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 39.1 minutes for colonoscopy. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.025; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.014−1.036), female sex (OR, 1.657; 95% CI, 1.220−2.249), and midazolam dose (OR, 1.019; 95% CI, 1.013−1.026) were independently associated with prolonged hospital stay after esophagogastroduodenoscopy, with similar results for colonoscopy.Conclusions: Old age, female sex, and midazolam dose were independent risk factors for prolonged hospital stay after endoscopy.
Development of a Gold-standard Pashto Dataset and a Segmentation App
Authors: Han Yan , Rychlik Marek
Published: March 2021

The article aims to introduce a gold-standard Pashto dataset and a segmentation app. The Pashto dataset consists of 300 line images and corresponding Pashto text from three selected books. A line image is simply an image consisting of one text line from a scanned page. To our knowledge, this is one of the first open access datasets which directly maps line images to their corresponding text in the Pashto language. We also introduce the development of a segmentation app using textbox expanding algorithms, a different approach to OCR segmentation.
The authors discuss the steps to build a Pashto dataset and develop our unique approach to segmentation. The article starts with the nature of the Pashto alphabet and its unique diacritics which require special considerations for segmentation. Needs for datasets and a few available Pashto datasets are reviewed. Criteria of selection of data sources are discussed and three books were selected by our language specialist from the Afghan Digital Repository. The authors review previous segmentation methods and introduce a new approach to segmentation for Pashto content. The segmentation app and results are discussed to show readers how to adjust variables for different books. Our unique segmentation approach uses an expanding textbox method which performs very well given the nature of the Pashto scripts.
The app can also be used for Persian and other languages using the Arabic writing system. The dataset can be used for OCR training, OCR testing, and machine learning applications related to content in Pashto.
Notas léxicas sobre el aragonés. A propósito de la traducción de la «Agricultura» de Palladio al castellano
Authors: Pascual José Antonio
Published: March 2021

Dejando a un lado el ingente número de catalanismos presentes en la traducción al castellano del De re rustica de Palladio, atribuida a Ferrer Saiol, en el presente trabajo se analizan algunos de los también muchos aragonesismos que la pueblan. En concreto, se presenta un estudio sistemático de once de ellos: conrear, empeltar, borrò ~ borrons, senalla, lambrusca, brocada, entrecavar, palafangar, pámpano, espleyto y espleytar. Algunas son formas que el catalán compartía con el aragonés, pero no con el castellano, donde tampoco tuvieron un amplio recorrido. No obstante, la importancia del aragonés no hemos de medirla solo por los aragonesismos que se introdujeron en castellano, sino también por el hecho previo de que no dudaran los traductores en servirse de ellos, a sabiendas, incluso, de que muchos no iban a pervivir. Es la prueba de una actitud abierta hacia las lenguas de la Corona de Aragón.

Leaving aside the huge numbre of catalanisms present in the Spanish translation of Palladio’s De re rustica, atributed to Ferrer Saiol, in this paper some of the many aragonesisms that populate it are also analyzed. Specifically, a systematic study of eleven of them is presented: conrear, empeltar, borrò ~ borrons, senalla, lambrusca, brocada, entrecavar, palafangar, pámpano, espleyto and espleytar. Some are forms that Catalan shared with Aragonese, but not with Castilian, where they did not have a long life either. However, the importance of Aragonese should not be measured only by the aragonesisms that were introduced into Spanish, but also by the fact that the translators did not hesitate to use them, even knowing that many were not going to survive. It is proof of an open attitude towards the languages of the Crown of Aragon.
Castoriadis et la critique sociologique du sujet transcendantal
Authors: Tranchant Thibault
Published: March 2021

La théorie castoriadienne de la connaissance prolonge et renouvelle un des gestes philosophiques de la sociologie, remobilisé ensuite notamment par la phénoménologie, à savoir la réinscription critique du sujet de la connaissance, plus particulièrement le sujet transcendantal, à l’intérieur de ses conditions sociales de possibilité. Dans cet article, la variante castoriadienne de la critique sociologique du sujet transcendantal est examinée. Nous commençons par expliciter les liens qu’établit Castoriadis entre la critique de la « pensée héritée » et celle de la raison sociologique. Ceci étant acquis, nous dégageons les axes centraux de sa critique de la sociologie, base sur laquelle il développe sa propre théorie sociale, la théorie de l’institution imaginaire de la société. Enfin, nous nous tournons vers la spécificité de la critique castoriadienne du sujet transcendantal, qui tient, d’une part, à une problématisation aiguë des rapports entre création et vérité et, d’autre part, à son inflexion politique.
Profit Sharing and Workplace Productivity Growth in Canada: Does Teamwork Play a Role?
Authors: Fang Tony , Gunderson Morley , Long† Richard J.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge of profit-sharing by utilizing a before-and-after analysis of panel data to assess whether the effects of profit-sharing adoption on productivity growth vary, depending on whether a profit-sharing adopter utilizes work teams or not, while controlling for numerous variables that may affect these results within a carefully constructed sample of Canadian establishments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the moderating role of teamwork in the relationship between profit-sharing and productivity growth. Besides the implications for profit-sharing, ascertaining whether profit-sharing and work teams are complementary practices would have important implications for understanding how to develop more effective work teams, a topic of ongoing interest.

We utilized a longitudinal research design to compare within-firm productivity growth during the three-year and five-year periods subsequent to profit-sharing adoption and within-firm productivity growth during the same periods in firms that had not adopted profit-sharing. Overall, our results suggest that use of team-based production plays an important moderating role in the success of employee profit-sharing—at least in terms of workplace productivity growth. Establishments that had adopted profit-sharing showed a substantial and highly significant increase in workplace productivity over both the three-year and five-year periods subsequent to adoption, but only if they had work teams.

These findings are in line with the notion that work teams help to mitigate potential shirking behaviour in profit-sharing firms (Freeman, Kruse and Blasi, 2010) and are also in line with the argument that work teams serve as an effective mechanism to help translate the purported motivational and other benefits of profit-sharing into tangible productivity gains (Heywood and Jirjahn, 2009).
Nomades numériques
Authors: Mancinelli Fabiola
Published: March 2021

Cet article interroge le domaine de la mobilité comme mode de vie à partir du phénomène des nomades numériques, personnes qui, grâce à l’usage des technologies sans fil, matérialisent leur possibilité de découvrir le monde tout en poursuivant leur activité professionnelle sans être confinées dans des localités spécifiques. Analysant la dynamique entre ethos de la liberté, responsabilisation et marchandisation à partir de la théorie de l’individualisme de Anthony Giddens, le texte examine le rôle joué par la mobilité transnationale dans un « projet de soi » qui remet en cause un mode de vie sédentaire et met l’accent sur la création d’une histoire individuelle, assumant les risques que cela entraîne. Les matériaux empiriques sont issus d’une combinaison de méthodes d’enquête, associant l’ethnographie virtuelle, le travail de terrain conventionnel et l’analyse de contenu en ligne (entretiens, articles, blogues personnels).
Decolonial Echoes: Voicing and Listening in Rebecca Belmore's Sound Performance
Authors: Blake Iris Sandjette
Published: March 2021

Focusing on the Canadian settler context, this article analyzes two of Anishinaabe artist Rebecca Belmore’s interactive works that enact alternatives to colonial understandings of voicing and listening that have centred the human ear and vocal apparatus. In particular, I analyze Ayum-ee-aawach Oomama-mowan: Speaking to Their Mother (1991), where Belmore constructed a large wooden megaphone for participants to speak into and address the land directly, and Wave Sound (2017), where Belmore installed four sculptural listening tubes in Canadian National Park and reserve sites that invited visitors to listen to the land. Through my analysis of these two iterative performances, I examine how the echo functions as a decolonial gesture and multisensorial (re)mapping that can generate alternatives to modernity’s spatial-temporal-sensorial order and unsettle the coloniality of the voice. Engaging critical work in sound studies and Native feminist theories to think about vibration, I propose that voicing and listening can be understood as a set of social relationships between people and space/time.
Vocal Colour in Blue
Authors: Asare Masi
Published: March 2021

This essay invokes a line of historical singing lessons that locate blues singers Bessie Smith and Ethel Waters in the lineage of Broadway belters. Contesting the idea that black women who sang the blues and performed on the musical stage in the early twentieth century possessed “untrained” voices—a pervasive narrative that retains currency in present-day voice pedagogy literature—I argue that singing is a sonic citational practice. In the act of producing vocal sound, one implicitly cites the vocal acts of the teacher from whom one has learned the song. And, I suggest, if performance is always “twice-behaved,” then the particular modes of doubleness present in voice point up this citationality, a condition of vocal sound that I name the “twice-heard.” In considering how vocal performances replicate and transmit knowledge, the “voice lesson” serves as a key site for analysis. My experiences as a voice coach and composer in New York City over two decades ground my approach of listening for the body in vocal sound. Foregrounding the perspective and embodied experience of voice practitioners of colour, I critique the myth of the “natural belter” that obscures the lessons Broadway performers have drawn from the blueswomen’s sound.
Mourning the Nightingale’s Song: The Audibility of Networked Performances in Protests and Funerals of the Arab Revolutions
Authors: Silverstein Shayna M.
Published: March 2021

Given the salient role of embodied tactics in contemporary networked protests in performance, in this essay I listen for how the embodied sonic praxis of protests during the Arab revolutions translates into the audio, visual, and text modalities of digital media. I propose audibility, or the appearance and perceptibility of sound objects, as that which translates the “live” sound that occurs in physical spaces into representational spaces, and, in so doing, alters the temporality and spatiality of the sonic experience. Interrogating who and what are rendered audible as part of the political contestations that drive protest actions, I demonstrate how audibility is a technological condition, sensory force, and social process through which affective publics emerge in networked spaces. I begin with social media posts from the first months of non-violent protest actions in 2011, in Egypt and Syria, analyzing the translation of sonic objects into written texts that narrativize the subjects and spaces of the Arab revolutions. I then shift to the sonic praxis of revolutionary mourning in a discussion of the audibility of the crowd in footage of protest funerals that reclaimed martyrs of the Syrian revolution in 2018 and 2019, interrogating how the sounds of the crowd enable the mythologization of the martyrs’ bodies and help mobilize the cause for which they died. Both approaches to audibility – as expressing voice and documenting sounds – underscore how audibility, I argue, is crucial for understanding the affect-rich intensities that drive networked protest performances, and that forge political possibilities as imaginable, sensible, and perceptible.
Ficções do ser: o entre-lugar de bichas pretas na escola
Authors: Almeida Kauan
Published: March 2021

Partindo da convicção de que é através da educação, que começa no lar e continua na escola, que se forma indivíduos racistas, sexistas e machistas, o autor se debruça em romper esse ciclo. Por meio de questionamentos, reflexões e discussão de conceitos, visando a sensibilização, a conscientização e a politização, de trabalhar a questão dos preconceitos contra homossexuais negros, mostra como executou uma série de aulas-oficina, algumas até sob formas de festas de confraternização entre os semelhantes e os diferentes em um ambiente de ensino formal.
Gut Feelings
Authors: Fasano Alessio , Flaherty Susie
Published: March 2021

Why the microbiome—our rich inner ecosystem of microorganisms—may hold the keys to human health.

We are at the dawn of a new scientific revolution. Our understanding of how to treat and prevent diseases has been transformed by knowledge of the microbiome—the rich ecosystem of microorganisms in and on every human. These microbial hitchhikers may hold the keys to human health. In Gut Feelings, Alessio Fasano and Susie Flaherty show why we must go beyond the older, myopic view of microorganisms as our enemies to a broader understanding of the microbiome as a parallel civilization that we need to understand, respect, and engage with for the benefit of our own health.

Recent advances in understanding the microbiome and its role in human health dovetail with the development of personalized or “precision” medicine to create treatments and prevention programs targeted to the molecular imprint of an individual. Fasano and Flaherty explore the microbiome's part in such diseases as gut inflammatory disorders, obesity, neurological conditions, and cancer, and they explain new research in prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and psychobiotics. They also discuss the microbiome and immune function, including a possible role in COVID-19 treatment.

By simultaneously expanding our perspective to encompass large datasets and multiple factors in human health, and narrowing our focus to identify the individual communities in the human microbiome, we will enlarge—and perhaps reinvent—our understanding of how to combat disease and maintain health.
Exploring a new way to think about climate regions
Authors: Daru Barnabas H
Published: March 2021

A new system for classifying climates emerges from modeling the environmental conditions that 26,000 species of tetrapods experience in their home range.
Effects of Garcinia mongostana, Lycium barbzarum, Momordica grosvenori, and Psidium guajava on the Growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus thermophilus
Authors: Bagheri Elham , Shori Amal Bakr , Baba Ahmad Salihin
Published: March 2021

There are an increasing number of fermented beverage using herbal extract as a natural ingredient. The growth of bacteria in four plant water extract (Lycium barbarum, Psidium guajava, Momordica grosvenori, and Garcinia mongostana) as measured by the increase in turbidity of MRS and M17 growth medium containing Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus thermophilus respectively was investigated during 30 minutes of incubation at 37°C. The stimulatory effects on Lactobacillus spp. growth was tremendously enhanced (p<0.05) by L. barbarum (3.0%; OD=0.1.1) and P. guajava (1.5% (OD=0.5) and 3.0% (OD=0.6); respectively) compared to control (0%) after 30 minutes. In addition, inclusion of P. guajava (1.5%) shorted incubation time to reach plateau at 5 minutes. The inclusion of M. grosvenori and G. mangostana water extract at 0.30% increased Lactobacillus spp. growth by 2 and 14 fold respectively which higher than control. There was a dose response effect of all plant water extracts except for M. grosvenori on the growth of S. thermophilus. All the three concentrations of L. barbarum and P. guajava stimulated the growth of S. thermophilus which reach 3 fold higher than control at 1.5% L. barbarum. On the other hand, M. grosvenori water extract showed inhibitory effects on the growth of S. thermophilus at all doses but after the first 15 min at 3.0% the inhibitory effects were lost (p<0.05). G. mangostana water extract at 3.0% increased S. thermophilus growth 10 fold higher than control after 30 minutes. In conclusion, all plant water extract samples except M. grosvenori could be a good vehicle for carrying Lactobacillus ssp. and S. thermophilus while M. grosvenori could enhance the growth of Lactobacillus spp. but not S. thermophilus.
Comparative Analysis of Crude Protein, Total Phenolic and Antioxidant Contents of Raw and Commercially Packed Turmeric and Red Chilies
Authors: Akhand Rubaiat Nazneen , Islam Shoriful , Khan Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
Published: March 2021

Background: Turmeric and red chili are the common spices used for cuisine preparation in Bangladesh. Commercially packed turmeric and red chili might have decreased nutrient contents compared to raw turmeric and red chili.

Aims:  The study aimed to compare some of the nutrient values between the commercially packed and raw turmeric and red chili.

Methods: Commercially packed turmeric and red chili with different brand names (Radhuni, Tiger and Pran) and in raw turmeric and red chili were purchased from local market. Proximate analyses - dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF) and mineral contents were performed. The total phenolics and total tannin contents were determined using appropriate methods.

Results: The proximate analysis results showed that both Radhuni (97.56 mg/g) and Tiger (97.28 mg/g) turmeric revealed significantly higher content of DM (p<0.001). No notable difference was observed in CP value. Crude fiber value displayed significantly highest value (p<0.001) in Tiger brand (4.96 mg/g) and the lowest in Radhuni brand (1.76 mg/g). Mineral content was significantly (p<0.05) highest in raw turmeric (9.97 mg/g). A significantly higher amount (p<0.001) of DM in packed chili was recorded. Tiger chili contained significantly higher amount of CP (6.02 mg/g) and CF (9.31 mg/g) while Radhuni contained the lower amount of CP (4.81 mg/g) and CF (2.48 mg/g). Raw chili had significantly higher amount of ash (13.24 mg/g). Examination revealed significant level (p<0.001) of total phenolics in acetone extracts of Tiger turmeric and chili powder. Significant amount of tannin was found in raw turmeric (33.89 µg/g; p<0.005); however, Pran brand of turmeric had the lowest amount of tannin (9.53 µg/g). Tannin content recorded in red chili was significantly (p<0.001) higher in commercially packed Tiger brand which was 16.57 µg/g compared to raw red chili (3.315 µg/g). Antioxidant analysis showed higher antioxidant activity in both raw turmeric and red chili powder.

Conclusion:  Tiger brand turmeric ensures the standard moisture, fiber and protein contents as well as the amount of phenolics and tannin.