What Is the Role of the Carotid Baroreflex in Exaggerating the Exercise Pressor Reflex in Male UCD-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats?
Authors: Samora Milena , Mossayebi Ali , Bunsawat Kanokwan , Graham James , Stanhope Kimber , Havel Peter , Harrison Michelle 
Published: May 2024

Previous studies have shown that exercise evokes an excessive increase in blood pressure in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is mediated, in part, by an altered exercise pressor reflex. Importantly, in healthy individuals the arterial baroreflex modulates the pressor response to exercise; however, the effects of T2DM on this modulatory effect of the baroreflex remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the arterial baroreflex function in T2DM rats and to determine whether the carotid baroreflex plays a role in exaggerating the exercise pressor reflex. We hypothesized that T2DM rats would present a baroreflex dysfunction that likely contributes to the exaggerated pressor response during muscle contraction. Experiments were performed on adult (8 ± 2 months old), male University of California Davis (UCD)-T2DM ( n=7; body weight: 640 ± 43 g) and healthy Sprague-Dawley rats ( n=3; body weight: 485 ± 29 g). Female rats were not included in this study because they become diabetic when they are much older (>10 months old). Cardiac baroreflex function was characterized in anesthetized T2DM and healthy rats using the modified Oxford technique, which involved sequential bolus infusions of sodium nitroprusside (10 μg/kg) and phenylephrine (10 μg/kg) to induce blood pressure decreases and increases, respectively. Overall cardiac baroreflex gain (i.e., slope of the relationship between systolic blood pressure and R-R interval) was calculated using logistic regression, while gains to blood pressure falling and rising were calculated separately using piecewise and linear regression. The role of the carotid baroreflex in exaggerating the exercise pressor reflex was tested by statically contracting the hindlimb muscles for 30 s after surgical sinoaortic denervation (SAD) in decerebrated T2DM ( n=1; body weight: 555 g) and healthy ( n=1; body weight: 519 g) rats. Carotid barointact T2DM ( n=8; body weight: 521 ± 38 g) and healthy rats ( n=8; body weight: 482 ± 56 g) were included as controls. The pressor responses were calculated as a change (Δ) in peak mean arterial pressure during 30 s contraction relative to baseline. Data are presented as mean ± SD. T2DM rats presented with lower overall baroreflex sensitivity (T2DM: 0.07 ± 0.02 ms/mmHg, healthy: 0.61 ± 0.81 ms/mmHg, p=0.044), as well as sensitivity to increases in blood pressure (T2DM: 0.14 ± 0.10 ms/mmHg , healthy: 0.28 ± 0.15 ms/mmHg, p=0.049) compared to healthy controls. In contrast, cardiac baroreflex gain during decreases in blood pressure were not different between groups (T2DM: 0.16 ± 0.07 ms/mmHg, healthy: 0.10 ± 0.06 ms/mmHg, p=0.109). Notably, SAD did not alter blood pressure response to muscle contraction in the T2DM rat (SAD: Δ32 mmHg vs barointact: Δ32 ± 12 mmHg), but evoked an exaggerated blood pressure response in healthy rat (SAD: Δ34 mmHg vs barointact: Δ12 ± 3 mmHg). Our preliminary findings suggest that despite an attenuated cardiac baroreflex function in T2DM rats, specifically during acute increases in blood pressure, carotid baroreflex dysfunction may not contribute significantly to the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in diabetes.

This project was supported by NIH R01 HL144723.

This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.