bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hygienic requirements for school buildings’ modern architectural and planning solutions
Authors: Kuchma Vladislav R. , Stepanova Marina I.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. In the last decade, it has become evident that the school is not ready to provide the material and technical capabilities for the modern educational process. The school design strategy is changing, but these innovations are hardly reflected in the research of hygienists. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the hygienic requirements for modern architectural and planning solutions of school buildings. Materials and methods. Expert-analytical research was carried out. The object of the study: documents regulating the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population, the development of school education infrastructure, documents and publications that reveal the prospects for designing schools. Results. Most functioning school buildings do not meet the requirements for modern school infrastructure. Fewer and fewer students report that they “really like school”, which negatively affects their academic performance and psychological wellbeing. The need for fundamental changes in the construction of school buildings is recorded in the National Educational Initiative “Our New School” (2010). The design decisions of school buildings should take into account the experience of quarantine measures that had to be faced in the context of the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Hygienic requirements for modern architectural and planning solutions for school buildings are: taking into account climatic and geographical conditions; ensuring the psychological wellbeing of children, primarily due to the optimal number of classes and placement of educational premises for different age groups on separate floors, in blocks, buildings; convenient functional connections with the site; the possibility of transforming beliefs, protection from the effects of physical factors and the penetration of pollution from the environment, safe use of digital learning tools, optimal lighting and air-heat regime; sufficient area of educational premises for one student; optimal conditions for physical activity and physical education, regular healthy nutrition, meeting the needs of students in primary health care. Conclusion. Hygienic requirements for the spatial characteristics of school buildings should take into account the new risks to children’s health.
Nutrition in mental and physical health
Authors: Zavitsanou Aggeliki , Drigas Athanasios
Published: September 2021

Eating habits are crucial for human health. People around the world have health problems due to their diet. Malnutrition combined with a lack of essential nutrients and obesity with overconsumption of sugar is significant problems. For the most part, the human daily diet should include foods rich in vitamins, fatty acids, minerals, and trace elements. On the other hand, the consumption of substances such as sugar and trans fats causes negative effects on the human body. Fish, vegetables, and nuts are some of the food that contributes to good health. Also, specific foods help the hormones of happiness to increase in our body. This has the effect of reducing stress and increasing happiness. New technologies are a tool that can help individuals to maintain proper nutrition and good health. For example, through the iCTs applications, everyone can individually control his weight, physical exercise, and find the right combinations to have a better and more quality life without diseases.
Damage compensation for innocent defendants and Convicts in Iran and the Canadian legal system
Authors: Khanjani Mohammad Kazem , Bahadori Atoosa
Published: September 2021

In the field of innocent defendants and convicts' damage compensation who have endured further losses due to issue criminal supply contracts or orders execution, their innocence has been cleared by issuing acquittance sentences. It counted as one of the most challenging issues in private and criminal law. In these recent years, based on positive changes in the rules of Iran, a lot of works done for innocent defendants and convicts' damage compensation have endured different and unfair punishments. But no integration or constructive work has been done for guiltless convicts' damage compensation who have endured some parts or all their punishments, and their innocence has been proved but not predicted. The reverse of this matter is true in the Canadian law system. Only a guilty convict who has tolerated some or all parts of unfair punishment deserves to receive damage compensation. This study attempted to research the subject's international binding rules, and many practical strategies for guiltless convicts' damage compensation will be considered in both systems by a comparative study.
Defense sector human resources management as the forefront in Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic response
Authors: - I Dewa Ketut Kerta Widana , Subiyanto Adi , Bimo Emanuel Ario
Published: September 2021

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an actual threat currently experienced throughout the world, including Indonesia. COVID-19 pandemic response must be seriously carried out due to its threats against the national defense system. At the forefront of COVID-19 pandemic response is human resources that play important role as national defense system components which capability need to be managed and developed in a continuous manner. Against the background, this research aims to analyze defense sector human resource capacity management and development in COVID-19 pandemic response in Indonesia. This research employed descriptive qualitative method using primary and secondary data. The results showed that the capability-based approach emphasizes "what we need to do" in dealing with the increasingly complex threats, and defense sector human resources capacity development and management are carried out through selection and knowledge development processes to influence attitudes and encourage behavior changes. The results further showed that as a defense sector component, The Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) personnel possesses the required readiness and capabilities to carry out their tasks with 3,426 medical and non-medical qualification personnel who have been directly involved at the forefront role of COVID-19 pandemic response.
A Comparative Study of Chinese and Myanmar Honorific Titles
Authors: Swe Han Nwe
Published: September 2021

Honorific titles, as an essential part of speech communication, occur in all languages. But due to the cultural diversity, there are many different laws and regularities in the choice of them. This paper is the comparative study of the characteristics of Chinese and Myanmar honorific titles and their pragmatic rules to reduce the barriers in language communication.
Analysis Of The Effect Of Knowledge On Entrepreneurship Readiness Using Random Forest Classification Machine Learning
Authors: Setiawan Ariyono
Published: September 2021

Entrepreneurship is a phenomenon that has an important influence on the progress and welfare of the world, so that entrepreneurship is used as the base of economic development. Psychologically, entrepreneurs are people who have a strong internal drive as an effort to achieve certain goals so that they have a tendency to experiment in showing a character that is free from the control of others. Entrepreneurship can be seen from various points of view. The angle and context in question are views from several fields, namely according to economists, management, business people, psychologists and investors. The main requirement that an entrepreneur must have is entrepreneurial knowledge. entrepreneurial readiness is determined by the knowledge possessed and experience in conducting a business (Kurniawati, 2019). In the midst of the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology today. Not many people know that artificial intelligence consists of several branches, one of which is machine learning. This machine learning (ML) technology is one of the branches of AI that is very interesting. The sample population in this study was obtained from the air transportation school consisting of 7 populations. Data analysis is done by using . The research location is an air transportation school with Machine Learning Random Forest Classification with a population of cadets, lecturers and the general public
Identifying the relationship between self-esteem and satisfaction in a couple
Authors: Calin Mariana Floricica , Sandu Mihaela Luminita , Miu Anca Sabina
Published: September 2021

The need to see ourselves as good or adequate represents our need to experience increased self-esteem. As we develop as children, we become more and more aware of the power of our choices, but also of the responsibility generated by the choices we make. On our education, it is also one of the sources of self-esteem creation through the experience of being treated with respect by parents and other family members. As far as our own actions are concerned, one of the origins of creating personal self-esteem is the s28atisfaction we feel with our own choices considered moral, which are a particular aspect of satisfaction with our mental processes. The second pillar, the conception of oneself, is based on the opinion we have of ourselves, representing an assessment of our qualities and defects, founded or not. And the conception of oneself, as well as self-love, is formed in our family environment, the conception of oneself being mainly due to the projects that parents make for us.To be aware of the reasons for attraction to a person of the opposite sex can lead to the permanence of the valuing attitudes invested in the person of the opposite sex, which fuels new needs for knowledge and communication, or to the reduction of emotional tension by decreasing the need for the other. When physical and mental attraction increases with the knowledge of the other, with the proximity and physical and mental intimacy, this leads to the stabilization of the relationship and the desire to resume and intensify it. Mutual satisfaction becomes a condition for both maintenance and improvement of the attraction between the two partners, which is created by symmetry and reciprocity
How Successful is Field Training Program offered by the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, PAAE&T, Kuwait, in Reducing Dependence on Expatriates?
Authors: Al-Ali Salah
Published: September 2021

Technical and vocational education would significantly serve the need of developing countries in terms of lower the rate of poverty, reducing the number of people/youth unemployment, ensuring a stable economy, reducing rate of crimes, higher earning, and increasing self-development. It is also essential for the gulf states such as: Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, where the lack of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous manpower is notable in essential sectors of their economy (e.g., electricity and water, health care, oil sector, infrastructure). Technical and vocational education is a dual type of educational system that would facilitate the transmission of students into work place. It is considered as a ‘golden” opportunity particularly for youth to be easily employed by industries and business. The success of technical and vocational education would depend, to great extent, on the efficiency of apprenticeship where students spend certain time at industrial premises to gain the required skills. It allows students to experience the real work environment and to interact with machine, devices, and tools applied in industrial production site. This paper examines how successful is the field training program offered by the selected colleges and institutions at the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, PAAE&T, in providing local industries with indigenous skilled and semi-skilled qualified manpower. The research is based on extensive field work that encompasses a review of the related literature, interviews with sample of heads of supervisors/heads of departments at the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Electricity and Water, and the oil sector in order to assess the quality of field training program. Finally, the research will argue that unless the management of technical and vocational colleges and institutions recognize and appreciate the value of enhancing the quality of field training program with local industries, its contribution in tackling the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous in essential sectors on the economy will be below the government expectations, thus continuing relaying on expatriates for years ahead.
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION ADVOCACY IN SOMALIA REPORT: GAPS, OPPORTUNITIES AND KEY MESSAGES
Authors: Ouma George , Mohamed Farah , Rithaa Gilbert , Hassan Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This inception report on the comprehensive assessment through desk reviews and analysis nutrition gaps in policy, political commitment, resource allocation and multi-sectoral coordination to inform the development of guideline and messages. This is as a follow-up of preliminary discussion held and concept agreed with the office of the national coordination for Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN), Somalia housed in the Office of Prime Minister (OPM), Federal Government of Somalia. This summary report presents findings from the assessment and a discussion of methodology, challenges and opportunities. By identifying and contextualizing new findings, nutrition advocacy assessment builds consensus in Somalia with a vision and path ahead for improved nutrition messaging and guidelines that various actors will use of advocacy work.

Methodology: 30 documents were gathered and reviewed, including - national legislation, policies, guidelines, strategies and action plans to assess the inclusion of adolescents and current gaps. Interviews were conducted with 20 stakeholders from government, donors, UN, communities and non-governmental institutions in Somalia. The review, analysis and stakeholder interviews assessed the extent to which nutritional aspects were being addressed, any gaps in the policy landscape, commitments, multi-sectoral coordination, advocacy initiatives and recommendations for strengthening the enabling environment.

Findings: It was established that awareness of SUN as a movement in Somalia was rated highly at however participation in SUN activities was very low and was left to nutritionist in the various sector/Institutions. Government has also shown a great political will and commitment to nutrition by ensuring policies and legislative frameworks are sufficient even though multi-sectoral nutrition integration is not optimal to impact desired impact.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that there is need to advocate political and administrative authorities, to further convince them to add nutrition among the top priorities of the governments, translate policies into actions and ensure allocation of funds for nutrition interventions. Also, Government must strongly provide leadership in nutrition policy development, programing and coordination.
Situasi Rabies pada Anjing dan Kucing di Wilayah Layanan Balai Besar Veteriner Maros Tahun 2018
Authors: Sulaxono Hadi  , Ferra Hendrawati  , Ratna Loventa Sulaxono
Published: September 2021

Rabies merupakan salah satu penyakit zoonosis yang masih terjadi pada beberapa propinsi di wilayah layanan Balai Besar Veteriner Maros. Beberapa kabupaten menunjukkan kasus yang meningkat dalam setahun. Pengujian terhadap sampel otak anjing dan kucing telah dilakukan menggunakan metode fluorescent antibody technique (FAT). Sampel pengujian berasal dari kiriman dinas kabupaten/kota dan diambil di lapangan dari anjing dan kucing tersangka rabies saat pelayanan aktif. Sebanyak 559 sampel otak anjing dan kucing telah diuji dengan FAT tahun 2018, 45 sampel diantaranya berasal dari kucing. Kajian retrospektif ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui proporsi dan ratio hasil pengujian, distribusi dan frekuensi penyakit rabies. Sebanyak 285 sampel otak anjing dan kucing menunjukkan positif rabies dari 559 sampel yang diuji, atau proporsi uji rabiesnya sebesar 50,98%. Ratio uji FAT pada anjing dan kucing secara keseluruhan sebesar 51% positif rabies, 49% negatif rabies atau 1:1. Rabies pada tahun 2018 telah terjadi di 17 kabupaten/kota, dengan frekuensi tertinggi terjadi di Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Untuk rabies pada kucing di kabupaten Toraja Utara menunjukkan proporsi sebesar 28,89%, sedangkan pada anjing 55,33%. Rasio uji rabies pada kucing di kabupaten Toraja Utara, 29% positif  FAT dan 71% negatif FAT atau 1:2,5, sedangkan pada anjing 55% positif FAT dan 45% negatif  FAT atau 1,2:1.  Berdasarkan data kasus bulanan rabies, rabies ditemukan tiap bulan dengan frekuensi tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Oktober.
Pemberian Rempah dan Suplemen Organik Cair terhadap Performans Ternak Puyuh
Authors: Alpia Sahupala  , Maria Herawati  , Nurtania Sudarmi
Published: September 2021

Banyak keuntungan yang didapat dari penggunaan rempah selain untuk manusia, rempah juga berguna bagi ternak mulai dari peningkatan daya tahan tubuh dan stress, hingga menekan tingkat kematian semasa pemeliharaan. Pemanfaatan rempah diyakini membuat kolestrol jahat dalam darah dan daging ternak berkurang. Peternak di Manokwari, Papua Barat umumnya menggunakan tanaman rempah untuk pencegahan penyakit maupun meningkatkan performa ternak. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa ternak puyuh yang diberikan rempah dengan suplemen organik cair dalam air minum ternak. Percobaan menggunakan 150 ekor burung puyuh dengan perbandingan 30 ekor jantan dan 120 ekor betina. Percobaan menggunakan Uji T untuk melihat performans ternak puyuh dengan peubah yang diamati meliputi konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum dan produksi telur. Rataan pemberian rempah dengan suplemen organik cair sebagai air minum pada ternak puyuh berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan konsumsi pakan serta penurunan konsumsi air minum dan produksi telur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rempah dengan suplemen organik cair dapat diberikan sebagai minum ternak ternak puyuh tanpa menggangu proses metabolisme.
Apparel Quality
Authors: Bubonia Janace E.
Published: September 2021

Apparel Quality: A Guide to Evaluating Sewn Products, Second Edition is a user-friendly guide for evaluating apparel quality to ensure quality products that meet customer expectations. This book provides an overview of apparel production, emphasizing quality characteristics and cues, consumer influences, and motivations impacting purchasing decisions, and highlights the roles of product designers, manufacturers, merchandisers, testing laboratories, and retailers from product inception through the sale of goods. The text is highly illustrated to provide students with the tools needed to evaluate and critique quality elements in apparel and textile products skillfully.

New to this Edition:

- New fabric technology including e-textiles, sew bots, and automation

- International common size equivalents to accompany U.S. size classifications by sex, height, and age

- Sustainability considerations for raw materials, design development, and apparel production

- Expanded international labeling and safety regulations and compliance for the United States, Canada, EU, and Japan

Instructor Resources

- The Instructor's Guide provides suggestions for planning the course and using the text in the classroom, including sample syllabi, in-class activities, lab activities, and projects.

- The Test Bank includes sample test questions for each chapter

- PowerPoint® presentations include images from the book and provide a framework for lecture and discussion

Instructor's Resources may be accessed through Bloomsbury Fashion Central (www.BloomsburyFashionCentral.com).

STUDIO Features:

- Study smarter with self-quizzes featuring scored results and personalized study tips

- Review concepts with flashcards of essential vocabulary and image identification

- Watch videos that take you behind the scenes of factories and testing facilities, to see how concepts covered in the text are applied in the real world
Precipitation Susceptibility of Marine Stratocumulus with Variable Above and Below-Cloud Aerosol Concentrations over the Southeast Atlantic
Authors: Gupta Siddhant , McFarquhar Greg M. , O'Brien Joseph R. , Poellot Michael R. , Delene David J. , Miller Rose M. , Small Griswold Jennifer D.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions (ACIs) provide the greatest source of uncertainties in predicting changes in Earth’s energy budget due to poor representation of marine stratocumulus and the associated ACIs in climate models. Using in situ data from 329 cloud profiles across 24 research flights from the NASA ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) field campaign in September 2016, August 2017, and October 2018, it is shown that contact between above-cloud biomass-burning aerosols and marine stratocumulus over the southeast Atlantic Ocean was associated with precipitation suppression and a decrease in the precipitation susceptibility (So) to aerosols. The 173 “contact” profiles with aerosol concentration (Na) greater than 500 cm−3 within 100 m above cloud tops had 50 % lower precipitation rate (Rp) and 20 % lower So, on average, compared to 156 “separated” profiles with Na less than 500 cm−3 up to at least 100 m above cloud tops. Contact and separated profiles had statistically significant differences in droplet concentration (Nc) and effective radius (Re) (95 % confidence intervals from a two-sample t-test are reported). Contact profiles had 84 to 90 cm−3 higher Nc and 1.4 to 1.6 μm lower Re compared to separated profiles. In clean boundary layers (below-cloud Na less than 350 cm−3), contact profiles had 25 to 31 cm−3 higher Nc and 0.2 to 0.5 μm lower Re. In polluted boundary layers (below-cloud Na exceeding 350 cm−3), contact profiles had 98 to 108 cm−3 higher Nc and 1.6 to 1.8 μm lower Re. On the other hand, contact and separated profiles had statistically insignificant differences between the average liquid water path, cloud thickness, and meteorological parameters like surface temperature, lower tropospheric stability, and estimated inversion strength. These results suggest the changes in cloud properties were driven by ACIs rather than meteorological effects, and the existing relationships between Rp and Nc must be adjusted to account for the role of ACIs.
Mesoscale spatio-temporal variability of airborne lidar-derived aerosol properties in the Barbados region during EUREC4A
Authors: Chazette Patrick , Baron Alexandre , Flamant Cyrille
Published: September 2021

Abstract. From 23 January to 13 February 2020, twenty ATR-42 scientific flights were conducted in the framework of the EUREC4A field campaign over the tropical Atlantic, off the coast of Barbados (−58°30' W 13°30' N). By means of a side-pointing lidar, these flights allowed to retrieve the optical properties of the aerosols found in the sub-cloud layer and below the trade winds inversion. Two distinct periods with significant aerosol contents were identified in relationship with the so-called trade wind and tropical regimes, respectively. A very strong spatial heterogeneity of the aerosol field has been highlighted at the airborne measurements scale of a few tens of kilometres. This heterogeneity, difficult to capture using spaceborne instruments, can be related to the highly variable relative humidity field and the fractional cloud cover encountered during all the flights.
Influence of sea salt aerosols on the development of Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones
Authors: Pravia-Sarabia Enrique , Gómez-Navarro Juan José , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro , Montávez Juan Pedro
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Medicanes are mesoscale tropical-like cyclones that develop in the Mediterranean basin and represent a great hazard for the coastal population. The skill to accurately simulate them is of utmost importance to prevent economical and personal damage. Medicanes are fueled by the latent heat released in the condensation process associated with convective activity, which is regulated by the presence and activation of cloud condensation nuclei, mainly originating from sea salt aerosols (SSAs) for marine environments. Henceforth, the purpose of this contribution is twofold: assessing the effects of an interactive calculation of SSA on the strengthening and persistence of medicanes, and providing insight into the casuistry and sensitivities around their simulation processes. To this end, a set of simulations have been conducted with a chemistry–meteorology coupled model considering prescribed aerosol (PA) and interactive aerosol (IA) concentrations. The results indicate that IA produces longer-lasting and more intense medicanes. Further, the role of the initialization time and nudging strategies for medicane simulations has been explored. Overall, the results suggest that (1) the application of spectral nudging dampens the effects of IA, (2) the initialization time introduces a strong variability in the storm dynamics, and (3) wind–SSA feedback is crucial and should be considered when studying medicanes.
Global dust optical depth climatology derived from CALIOP and MODIS aerosol retrievals on decadal timescales: regional and interannual variability
Authors: Song Qianqian , Zhang Zhibo , Yu Hongbin , Ginoux Paul , Shen Jerry
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We derived two observation-based global monthly mean dust aerosol optical
depth (DAOD) climatological datasets from 2007 to 2019 with a 2∘
(latitude) × 5∘ (longitude) spatial resolution, one based
on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and the other
on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations. In addition, the CALIOP
climatological dataset also includes dust vertical extinction profiles. Dust
is distinguished from non-dust aerosols based on particle shape information
(e.g., lidar depolarization ratio) for CALIOP and on dust size and
absorption information (e.g., fine-mode fraction, Ångström exponent,
and single-scattering albedo) for MODIS, respectively. The two datasets
compare reasonably well with the results reported in previous studies and
the collocated Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) coarse-mode AOD. Based on these two datasets, we
carried out a comprehensive comparative study of the spatial and temporal
climatology of dust. On a multi-year average basis, the global
(60∘ S–60∘ N) annual mean DAOD is 0.032 and 0.067 according to CALIOP
and MODIS retrievals, respectively. In most dust-active regions, CALIOP DAOD
generally correlates well (correlation coefficient R>0.6) with
the MODIS DAOD, although the CALIOP value is significantly smaller. The CALIOP DAOD
is 18 %, 34 %, 54 %, and 31 % smaller than MODIS DAOD over
the Sahara, the tropical Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Arabian Sea,
respectively. Applying a regional specific lidar ratio (LR) of 58 sr
instead of the 44 sr used in the CALIOP operational retrieval reduces the
difference from 18 % to 8 % over the Sahara and from 34 % to 12 %
over the tropical Atlantic Ocean. However, over eastern Asia and the
northwestern Pacific Ocean (NWP), the two datasets show weak correlation.
Despite these discrepancies, CALIOP and MODIS show similar seasonal and
interannual variations in regional DAOD. For dust aerosol over the NWP, both
CALIOP and MODIS show a declining trend of DAOD at a rate of about
2 % yr−1. This decreasing trend is consistent with the observed declining
trend of DAOD in the southern Gobi Desert at a rate of 3 % yr−1 and
5 % yr−1 according to CALIOP and MODIS, respectively. The
decreasing trend of DAOD in the southern Gobi Desert is in turn found to be
significantly correlated with increasing vegetation and decreasing surface
wind speed in the area.
El Niño–Southern Oscillation signal in a new East Antarctic ice core, Mount Brown South
Authors: Crockart Camilla K. , Vance Tessa R. , Fraser Alexander D. , Abram Nerilie J. , Criscitiello Alison S. , Curran Mark A. J. , Favier Vincent , Gallant Ailie J. E. , Kittel Christoph , Kjær Helle A. , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Jong Lenneke M. , Moy Andrew D. , Plummer Christopher T. , Vallelonga Paul T. , Wille Jonathan , Zhang Lingwei
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Paleoclimate archives, such as high-resolution ice core records, provide a
means to investigate past climate variability. Until recently, the Law Dome
(Dome Summit South site) ice core record remained one of few
millennial-length high-resolution coastal records in East Antarctica. A new
ice core drilled in 2017/2018 at Mount Brown South, approximately 1000 km
west of Law Dome, provides an additional high-resolution record that will
likely span the last millennium in the Indian Ocean sector of East
Antarctica. Here, we compare snow accumulation rates and sea salt
concentrations in the upper portion (∼ 20 m) of three Mount
Brown South ice cores and an updated Law Dome record over the period
1975–2016. Annual sea salt concentrations from the Mount Brown South site
record preserve a stronger signal for the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
(ENSO; austral winter and spring, r = 0.533, p < 0.001, Multivariate El Niño Index) compared to a previously defined Law Dome record of summer sea salt concentrations (November–February, r = 0.398, p = 0.010, Southern
Oscillation Index). The Mount Brown South site record and Law Dome record
preserve inverse signals for the ENSO, possibly due to longitudinal
variability in meridional transport in the southern Indian Ocean, although
further analysis is needed to confirm this. We suggest that ENSO-related sea
surface temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific drive atmospheric
teleconnections in the southern mid-latitudes. These anomalies are
associated with a weakening (strengthening) of regional westerly winds to
the north of Mount Brown South that correspond to years of low (high) sea
salt deposition at Mount Brown South during La Niña (El Niño)
events. The extended Mount Brown South annual sea salt record (when
complete) may offer a new proxy record for reconstructions of the ENSO over
the recent millennium, along with improved understanding of regional
atmospheric variability in the southern Indian Ocean, in addition to that
derived from Law Dome.
ESD Reviews: Extreme Weather and Societal Impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Hochman Assaf , Marra Francesco , Messori Gabriele , Pinto Joaquim G. , Raveh-Rubin Shira , Yosef Yizhak , Zittis Georgios
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Gaining a holistic understanding of extreme weather, from its physical drivers to its impacts on society and ecosystems, is key to supporting future risk reduction and preparedness measures. Here, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art, knowledge gaps and key open questions in the study of extreme weather events over the vulnerable eastern Mediterranean. This region is situated in a transition zone between subtropical and mid-latitude climates. Extreme weather is mainly governed by the large-scale atmospheric circulation and its interaction with regional synoptic systems, i.e., Cyprus Lows, Red Sea Troughs, Persian Troughs, ‘Sharav’ Lows, and high-pressure systems. Complex orographic features further play an important role in the generation of extreme weather. Most extreme weather events, including heavy precipitation, cold spells, floods and wind storms, are associated with a Cyprus Low or Active Red Sea Trough, whereas heat waves are related with either the Persian Trough and Sub-Tropical High-pressure systems in summer, or the ‘Sharav’ Low during spring time. Heat waves and droughts are projected to significantly increase in both frequency and intensity. In future decades, changes in heavy precipitation frequency and intensity may vary in sign and magnitude depending on the scale, severity and region of interest. There are still relatively large uncertainties concerning the physical understanding and the projected changes of cold spells, wind storms and compound events, as these types of events received comparatively little attention in the literature. We further identify knowledge gaps that relate to the societal impacts of extreme weather. These gaps mainly relate to the effects extreme weather may have on mortality, morbidity and infrastructure in the eastern Mediterranean. Research is currently limited in this context, and we call to strengthen the database of analyzed case-studies. We trust that this can only be suitably accomplished by inter-disciplinary and international regional collaborations, in spite of political unrest.
A temperature-dependent mechanical model to assess the stability of degrading permafrost rock slopes
Authors: Mamot Philipp , Weber Samuel , Eppinger Saskia , Krautblatter Michael
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Over the last 2 decades, permafrost degradation has been observed to be a major driver of enhanced rock slope instability and associated hazards in high mountains. While the thermal regime of permafrost degradation in high mountains has been addressed in several modelling approaches, no mechanical models that thoroughly explain rock slope destabilisation controls in degrading permafrost have been developed. Meanwhile, recent
laboratory studies have shown that degrading permafrost affects both, rock and
ice mechanical strength parameters as well as the strength of rock–ice
interfaces. This study presents a first general approach for a
temperature-dependent numerical stability model that simulates the
mechanical response of a warming and thawing permafrost rock slope. The
proposed procedure is exemplified using a rockslide at the permafrost-affected Zugspitze summit crest. Laboratory tests on frozen and
unfrozen rock joint and intact rock properties provide material parameters
for discontinuum models developed with the Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC). Geophysical and geotechnical field surveys reveal information on permafrost distribution and the fracture network. This model can demonstrate how warming decreases rock slope stability to a critical level and why thawing initiates failure. A generalised sensitivity analysis of the model with a simplified geometry and warming trajectory below 0 ∘C shows that progressive warming close to the melting point initiates instability above a critical slope angle of 50–62∘, depending on the orientation of the fracture network. The increase in displacements intensifies for warming steps closer to 0 ∘C. The simplified and generalised model can be applied to permafrost rock slopes (i) which warm above −4 ∘C, (ii) with ice-filled joints, (iii) with fractured limestone or probably most of the rock types relevant for permafrost rock slope failure, and (iv) with a wide range of slope angles (30–70∘) and orientations of the fracture network (consisting of three joint sets). Here, we present a benchmark model capable of assessing the future destabilisation of degrading permafrost rock slopes.
Creep of CarbFix Basalt: Influence of Rock-fluid Interaction
Authors: Xing Tiange , Ghaffari Hamed , Mok Ulrich , Pec Matej
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Geological carbon sequestration provides permanent CO2 storage to mitigate the current high concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. CO2 mineralization in basalts has been proven to be one of the most secure storage options. For successful implementation and future improvements of this technology, the time-dependent deformation behavior of reservoir rocks in presence of reactive fluids needs to be studied in detail. We conducted load stepping creep experiments on basalts from the CarbFix site (Iceland) under several pore fluid conditions (dry, H2O-saturated and H2O+CO2-saturated) at temperature, T≈80 °C and effective pressure, Peff = 50 MPa, during which we collected mechanical, acoustic and pore fluid chemistry data. We observed transient creep at stresses as low as 11% of the ultimate failure strength, well below the stress level at the onset of bulk dilatancy. Acoustic emissions (AEs) correlated strongly with strain accumulation, indicating that the creep deformation was a brittle process in agreement with microstructural observations. The rate and magnitude of AEs were higher in fluid-saturated experiments than in dry conditions. We infer that the predominant mechanism governing creep deformation is time- and stress-dependent sub-critical dilatant cracking. Our results suggest that the presence of aqueous fluids exerts first order control on creep deformation of basaltic rocks, while the composition of the fluids plays only a secondary role under the studied conditions.
UNAFLOW: a holistic wind tunnel experiment about the aerodynamic response of floating wind turbines under imposed surge motion
Authors: Fontanella Alessandro , Bayati Ilmas , Mikkelsen Robert , Belloli Marco , Zasso Alberto
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Floating offshore wind turbines are subjected to large motions due to the additional degrees of freedom of the floating foundation.
The turbine rotor often operates in highly dynamic inflow conditions, and this has a significant effect on the overall aerodynamic response and turbine wake.
Experiments are needed to get a deeper understanding of unsteady aerodynamics and hence leverage this knowledge to develop better models and to produce data for the validation and calibration of existing numerical tools.
In this context, this paper presents a wind tunnel experiment about the unsteady aerodynamics of a floating turbine subjected to surge motion.
The experiment results cover blade forces, rotor-integral forces, and wake.
The 2D sectional model tests were carried out to characterize the aerodynamic coefficients of a low-Reynolds-number airfoil with harmonic variation in the angle of attack. The lift coefficient shows a hysteresis cycle close to stall, which grows in strength and extends in the linear region for motion frequencies higher than those typical of surge motion.
Knowledge about the airfoil aerodynamic response was utilized to define the wind and surge motion conditions of the full-turbine experiment.
The global aerodynamic turbine response is evaluated from rotor-thrust force measurements, because thrust influences the along-wind response of the floating turbine. It is found that experimental data follow predictions of quasi-steady theory for reduced frequency up to 0.5 reasonably well. For higher surge motion frequencies, unsteady effects may be present.
The turbine near wake was investigated by means of hot-wire measurements. The wake energy is increased at the surge frequency, and the increment is proportional to the maximum surge velocity. A spatial analysis shows the wake energy increment corresponds with the blade tip.
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was utilized to visualize the blade-tip vortex, and it is observed that the vortex travel speed is modified in the presence of surge motion.
IMPLEMENTASI PELIMPAHAN SEBAGIAN URUSAN WALIKOTA KEPADA CAMAT DALAM MENUNJANG PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI KANTOR CAMAT SAMBUTAN KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Hasanah Siti , . Djumadi , Paranoan Dan Buntu
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the delegations of Mayor of Samarinda’s authorities to Head of Sambutan District. The results show that the delegations of Mayor of Samarinda’s authorities to Head of Sambutan District governed by Regulation No. 32 of 2011 was implemented, however applicative less effective. It can be known of the six indicators set, including 2 declared effective indicators and 4 indicators expressed quite effective.
PERANAN DINAS KEBERSIHAN DAN PERTAMANAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEBERSIHAN LINGKUNGAN DI KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: . Iswanto , . Djumadi , Djumlani Achmad
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the role of the Department of Hygiene and in improving environmental hygiene.  The results showed Role Department of Hygiene and Samarinda in improving environmental hygiene in Samarinda less than optimal. Indicated by the level of achievement of the set parameters, namely of 6 parameters of which there are two indicators such as its role as waste management and supervision less effective nonetheless cumulatively role and Sanitation Department  can be implemented quite effectively.
KINERJA PEGAWAI BAGIAN UMUM DAN PROTOKOL DI SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR
Authors: Anggraeni Widya , . Masjaya , Idris Adam
Published: September 2021

This Research discuss about capability employee of General and Protocol Section in Sekretariat  Territory of Kutai Timur Regency. The Problem of Study in this research is how is the capability employee of General and Protocol Section in Sekretariat of Kutai Timur Regency and The factors which are influence capability  employee of General and Protocol Section in Sekretariat of Kutai Timur Regency. In order to running the job and wide up responsibility employee of general and protocol section in Sekretariat of Kutai Timur Regency has become challenge to every employee. In running the job the employee must have adaptation with the situation that make employee must to do something which is has not done before. The result of work can be see in duration and effectivity, until now the tasks can be finished well, but sometime there is some minus because in working there is an obstacle unestimate before that make employee difficulity in order to do something which is have not done yet.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI BIDANG KEHUTANAN DI KECAMATAN SEBULU KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA
Authors: Sopiansyah Tonny , Djumlani Achmad , Utomo Heryono Susilo
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of societal empowerment in forestry at Sebulu district Kutai Kartanegara regency as well as factors that hindering it. The result shows that the implantation of the program is still not optimal. One if the main thing influenced the program is the inactivity of local forestry stakeholders in supporting the societal forestry empowerment..
STRATEGI PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI KELURAHAN BUKIT PINANG KECAMATAN SAMARINDA ULU KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Friandoni H Vinolis
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the strategy of public services at the Village Office Bukit Pinang and describe and analyze strategies village government in improving public services in the village of Bukit Pinang Village. The results showed that the Government Sub Bukit Pinang Kota Samarinda in strategies at the public service, there are five basic strategy, the strategy of development of the structure, strategy development or the simplification of procedures, strategic infrastructure development, cultural development strategy/culture, entrepreneurship development strategy.
PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA PADA BADAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR
Authors: Pabetta Teresia Rani
Published: September 2021

The main focus of the research includes a leadership role in improving the performance of the Civil Apparatus in Education and Training Body Kutai Timur Regency. Based on the results of the study showed that the three functions of leadership are functions that are interpersonal, role of informational, as well as the role of decision-making in general is already done by the Board of Education and Training of the Middle Kutai Regency, is indicated from various programs and activities already performed and the achievements of employees in realizing all rights and their functions in the body, so it is also an impact on improving the overall performance of the institution .
ANALISIS INDEKS KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT PADA PELAYANAN KANTOR IMIGRASI KELAS I SAMARINDA
Authors: Irawan Bambang
Published: September 2021

This paper aimed to descibe and analyze the degree of public satisfaction towards Samarinda First Class Imigration Office by using public satisfaction index. The method that employed in this paper is decriptive-quantitative where the data take form in numbers and analyzed with statistic-descriptive technique. Scoring system used in this paper was likert scale. The result of the study showed that average score was 3.08 in the interval of 2.51-3.25 so it was included in “good” cathegory.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ALOKASI DANA DESA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DESA DI KECAMATAN TELUK PANDAN KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR
Authors: Kusuma Aji Ratna
Published: September 2021

This article aim to explain ho the evaluation result from the utilization of village fund in Teluk Pandan sub-district. Using qualitative method, this article describe the result in analytical fashion. The result shows that the utilization of village fund in Teluk Pandan sub-district is allocated mostly in infrastructure, society’s empowerment and poverty program.
EVALUASI PEMBANGUNAN DI BIDANG INFRASTRUKTUR DI KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR PASCA PEMEKARAN DAERAH
Authors: Brith Roland Sangen
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the development of post-expansion infrastructure of the region in East Kutai Regency which is focused on the development of road infrastructure. The period of development that is evaluated is the period of 2011-2015. The results of research Infrastructure development in East Kutai Regency for the period of 2011-2015 shows that the development of road infrastructure is still uneven due to the vast area of East Kutai Regency, constrained by funding problems, land issues with residents and weather problems. Development is hampered because the distance between each sub-district is so far that the development so far has only focused on the development of the Capital district only Sangatta.Keyword : Evaluation of Development, Infrastructure
ANALISIS PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN PASCA PEMEKARAN DI KELURAHAN SEMPAJA TIMUR KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Karmilasari Vina
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe and to analyze government implementation after developing in political district east sempaja. This study used descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection technique by observation, interview, and study of documentation, and they were analyzed by using analysis technique of interactive model data, through, step of data condensation, data presentation, and determine conclusion/ verification. Data validity testing used technique of source triangulation credibility test. The result of this study showed that government implementation after developing in political district east sempaja looked from political district function in doing the task government affair implementation, development, and social showed that all of those function have been done but in doing it still got obstacle and obstruction because of lacking coordination and preparation in doing government administration process after developing between government of political district east sempaja and other institution.Keyword: implementation, political distric government, after developing
STRATEGI KPU DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI PEMILIH PADA PEMILIHAN WALIKOTA DAN WAKIL WALIKOTA SAMARINDA TAHUN 2015
Authors: Haryono Dwi
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the KPU Strategies to Improve Voter participation on Election of Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Samarinda in 2015. Qualitative research methods used, techniques of data collection is done by the research library (library search) and field (Field work search), observation, interviews and documentation. Source of research data with the primary data is purposive sampling technique (key-informant) and snowball sampling (informant) and secondary data. Data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative data analysis method of Milles and Huberman is condensation, data presentation, conclusions and verification. Conclusions from the study showed a picture that basically strategy commission to enhance participation of voters on election of Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Samarinda in 2015 are strategy institutional strengthening, strategies political socialization, beginner voter education strategy.Keyword: Strategy, Commission, Voter Participation, Election Unison