bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership Proficiency: Perspectives of Athletic Trainers New to Practice
Authors: Handlos Janelle L. , Ludwig Genevieve
Published: September 2019

Context

A broad range of knowledge, skills, and abilities related to leadership has been suggested as essential for development during the athletic training education process. Though the importance of these characteristics has been established, researchers have not yet evaluated the self-perceived proficiency levels of new-to-practice athletic trainers (ATs).

Objective

To determine the level of self-perceived proficiency attained on key leadership competencies by new-to-practice ATs and to determine which factors relate to increased levels of self-perceived proficiency.

Design

Quantitative survey research.

Setting

Online questionnaire.

Patients or Other Participants

One hundred seventy-three ATs within their first 5 years of practice participated in the study.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Participants completed a Web-based questionnaire developed by the researchers to determine the self-perceived level of proficiency attained by the new-to-practice AT on 5 key leadership competencies. One open-ended response item allowed participants to suggest educational experience changes that could lead to increased proficiency in the 5 key leadership competencies.

Results

Athletic trainers who completed their professional education at the master's level selected higher self-perceived proficiency levels for the competency knowledgeable than those who completed bachelor's degrees to complete their professional athletic training requirements. As years of practice increased, ATs perceived higher levels of proficiency in the competencies of knowledgeable, ethical practice, and credible. Level of self-perceived proficiency ratings for adaptable and resilient were significantly lower than those for other competencies, regardless of demographic variables.

Conclusions

Completion of professional education at the master's degree level resulted in increased self-perceived levels of knowledge in new-to-practice ATs. Self-perceived proficiency in the characteristic of adaptability and resilience lags behind other key competencies even as years of practice increase. Instructors could use pedagogical and curricular strategies from other health care professions to increase adaptability and resilience in athletic training students.
Athletic Training Junior Faculty Experiences with Institutional Expectations for Tenure and Promotion
Authors: Singe Stephanie Mazerolle , Nottingham Sara , Coleman Kelly A.
Published: September 2019

Context

Tenure-earning faculty are evaluated in 3 primary areas including teaching, research and scholarship, and service. Struggles regarding earning tenure are not unique to the academe, but within the athletic training discipline concerns do exist.

Objective

We examined the organizational socialization process for junior athletic training faculty members as they learned about the tenure and promotion expectations at their institutions.

Design

Interpretative phenomenological approach.

Setting

Higher education institutions with an athletic training program.

Patients or Other Participants

Nineteen junior faculty members (13 women, 6 men) addressed their understanding of tenure guidelines. Our participants were 32 ± 3 years of age, averaged 2 ± 2 years as a full-time faculty member, and were all at the assistant rank.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

All participants completed one-on-one phone interviews. We followed a stepwise approach to evaluating the data, which is described by the interpretative phenomenological approach. To ensure credibility of the interview protocol and to bracket some of our possible biases, a peer review and pilot study were conducted.

Results

There were 3 findings regarding the faculty members' understanding of the tenure process at their institutions: (1) vague expectations, (2) change in leadership, and (3) differing expectations in departments and college levels. The faculty believe improving understanding of promotion and tenure should include (1) formal, ongoing annual feedback, (2) informal communication with administrators, (3) informal institutional mentorship, and (4) instructional scaffolding.

Conclusions

Athletic training junior faculty experience challenges with understanding tenure and promotion expectations at their institutions, mainly due to changes in leadership and a dichotomy between departmental and institutional expectations. The vagueness is often overcome when the faculty member receives support and guidance from colleagues and supervisors who not only share past experiences in knowledge but also provide feedback for understanding.
The Preparation and Development of Preceptors in Professional Graduate Athletic Training Programs
Authors: Rager Jessica L. , Cavallario Julie , Hankemeier Dorice A. , Bacon Cailee E. Welch , Walker Stacy E.
Published: September 2019

Context

As professional athletic training programs transition to the graduate level, administrators will need to prepare preceptors to teach advanced learners. Currently, preceptor development is variable among programs and ideal content has yet to be identified. Exploring the development of preceptors teaching graduate learners can lead to an understanding of effective preceptorships.

Objective

To explore graduate professional athletic training program administrators' (ie, program directors', clinical education coordinators') experiences preparing and implementing preceptor development.

Design

Consensual qualitative research.

Setting

Individual phone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants

Eighteen program administrators (11 women, 7 men; 5.92 ± 4.19 years of experience; 17 clinical education coordinators, 1 program director). Participants were recruited and interviewed until data saturation was achieved.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview guide, and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed by a 4-person research team and coded into themes and categories based on a consensus process. Credibility was established by using multiple researchers, an external auditor, and member checks.

Results

Participants reported the delivery of preceptor development occurs formally (eg, in person, online) and informally (eg, phone calls, e-mail). The content typically included programmatic policies, expectations of preceptors, clinical teaching methods, and new clinical skills that had been added to the curriculum. Adaptations to content were made depending on several factors, including experience level of preceptors, years precepting with a specific program, and geographical location of the program. The process of determining content involved obtaining feedback from program stakeholders when planning future preceptor development.

Conclusions

Complex decision making occurs during planning of preceptor development. Preceptor development is modified based on programmatic needs, stakeholder feedback, and the evolution of professional education. Future research should explore the challenges associated with developing preceptors, and which aspects of preceptor development are effective at facilitating student learning and readiness for clinical practice.
Examining Initial Perceptions of Transition to Clinical Practice from the Perspective of Professional Master's Students
Authors: Bowman Thomas G. , Singe Stephanie Mazerolle , Kilbourne Brianne F. , Barrett Jessica L.
Published: September 2019

Context

Newly credentialed athletic trainers are expected to be independent practitioners capable of making their own clinical decisions. Transition to practice can be stressful and present challenges for graduates who are not accustomed to practicing independently.

Objective

Explore the perceptions of professional master's students as they prepare to experience role transition from students to autonomous clinical practitioners.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Nine higher education institutions.

Patients or Other Participants

Fourteen athletic training students (7 male, 7 female, age = 25.6 ± 3.7 years) participated.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Participants completed a semistructured interview over the phone which focused on the perception of preparedness to enter clinical practice. All transcribed interviews were analyzed using a general inductive approach. Multiple-analyst triangulation and peer review were used to ensure trustworthiness.

Results

We found themes for facilitators and challenges to transition to autonomous clinical practice. Students felt prepared for independent practice due to (1) mentoring networks they had developed, (2) exposure to the breadth of clinical practice, and (3) autonomy allotted during clinical education. Potential challenges included (1) apprehension with decision making and (2) a lack of confidence.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest graduates from professional master's programs, although ready for clinical practice, may require more time and exposure to autonomous practice to build confidence. Professional master's program administrators should work to provide clinical education experiences that expose students to a wide variety of clinical situations (patients, settings, preceptors) with appropriate professional role models while providing decision making autonomy within accreditation standards.
Preceptors' Frequency and Supervision of Athletic Training Students' Medical Documentation During Clinical Education
Authors: Neil Elizabeth R. , Bacon Cailee E. Welch , Nottingham Sara L. , Kasamatsu Tricia M. , Eberman Lindsey E.
Published: September 2019

Context

Athletic trainers (ATs) who serve as preceptors for athletic training students must model, facilitate, and guide professional skills and behaviors, including medical documentation. Preceptors have the unique ability to combine skill practice with real-time patient encounters for athletic training students.

Objective

To describe the frequency of preceptors who allow athletic training students to complete medical documentation and rationale for their decisions.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Qualitative study.

Patients or Other Participants

Of 9578 ATs, 1150 responded to an electronic survey (access rate = 12.0%), and 385 of 1150 respondents who completed an electronic survey (33.5%) indicated being a preceptor for a professional athletic training program. Respondents (age = 34 ± 11 years, clinical practice experience = 11 ± 10 years) were predominantly female (53.8%, n = 207) and held a master's degree (67.3%, n = 259).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

A 3-member data analysis team coded the open-ended responses following the consensual qualitative research approach. Each member coded 50 responses and a consensus codebook was created. The principal investigator coded the remaining responses, and the data analysis team confirmed the findings. Data were organized into emergent domains and categories. Frequency counts were calculated for each category.

Results

A majority of preceptors (81.8%, n = 315) allowed their athletic training students to document patient care. Respondents indicated an intention for student involvement (domain 1), whereby they wanted students to engage in learning and develop knowledge (43.4%, n = 167) or practice and gain experience (41.3%, n = 159). However, others discussed deterrents (20.0%, n = 77) working against the preceptor's intentions. Respondents also indicated a need to mentor (domain 2). Specifically, they reported needing to manage the logistics of documentation (63.6%, n = 245) and the degree of oversight (48.8%, n = 188) needed during practice (either direct [79.8%, n = 150 of 188] or indirect [20.2%, n = 38 of 188]).

Conclusions

Although preceptors intend to integrate students into medical documentation, they may benefit from formal guidance from the academic program on how to best integrate athletic training students into documenting day-to-day patient care.
Effect of Procedure Type on Core Competency Implementation by Athletic Training Students
Authors: Cavallario Julie M. , Van Lunen Bonnie L. , Manspeaker Sarah A.
Published: September 2019

Context

Core competencies (CCs) are now a required component of educational content in all types of Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education-accredited athletic training programs. There is limited evidence demonstrating which procedures included during patient encounters (PEs) occurring in clinical education allow for implementation of CCs.

Objective

To determine the relationship between procedures performed by athletic training students during PEs on CC implementation.

Design

Panel design.

Setting

Undergraduate, professional athletic training program, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution.

Patients or Other Participants

We purposefully recruited 1 athletic training program that used E*Value (Medhub) software; 40 participants (31 female, 9 male) enrolled in the professional phase (12 first year, 14 second year, 14 third year) participated.

Interventions

Participants viewed a 20 minute recorded CC education module followed by educational handouts, which were available online for reference throughout the semester. E*Value was used to track procedures (prevention, evaluation, manual therapy, rehabilitation, treatment, diagnostic, surgical, or other) performed during PEs and an added block of questions indicating which, if any, of the CCs were implemented during the PE.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Independent variables included procedures performed during PEs and whether any of the 6 CCs were implemented (yes/no). Binary logistic regression models determined how the type of procedure performed related to the implementation of each CC.

Results

Regression models were significant for 5 of the 6 CCs: patient-centered care (PCC; {\rm{\chi }}_7^2 = 62.949, P < .001), interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP; {\rm{\chi }}_6^2 = 41.172, P < .001), health care informatics ({\rm{\chi }}_7^2 = 186.487, P < .001), evidence-based practice (EBP) ({\rm{\chi }}_8^2 = 54.712, P < .001), and quality improvement ({\rm{\chi }}_7^2 = 67.967, P < .001). Participants including evaluation procedures during PE were 3.6 and 1.3 times more likely to implement PCC and IPECP, respectively. Participants including a diagnostic procedure were 4.2 and 2.9 times more likely to implement EBP and IPECP, respectively, and 0.2 times less likely to implement health care informatics. Participants incorporating a manual therapy procedure were 2.6, 1.7, and 2.1 times more likely to implement PCC, EBP, and quality improvement, respectively.

Conclusions

Athletic training program administrators should identify clinical sites that allow for PEs and procedural opportunities that align with priorities for greater CC implementation.
The Future of Health Professions Education: Considerations for Competency-Based Education in Athletic Training
Authors: Mace Kimberly L. , Bacon Cailee E. Welch
Published: September 2019

Context

Competency-based education (CBE) has been in existence in the landscape of educating health professionals since the 1970s. Despite this, there is significant variability in how CBE is defined in publication, practice, and conversation. This variability has likely contributed to common misconceptions about what it means for an educational system to be competency based, how such a system would operate, and the prevalence of these systems in current practices.

Objective

To define CBE through a discussion of its evolution in health professions education and discuss considerations for its role in the education of athletic trainers (ATs).

Background

The CBE framework has solidified its place in medical education to address the need for health care professionals to provide care that is safe, effective, and responsive to patient beliefs, values, and circumstances. These same necessities exist in athletic training practice. However, CBE does not yet have a solid place in the preparation of ATs, nor does it seem to be well understood by educators in the field.

Recommendations

Athletic training educators should be familiar with CBE as an educational framework that is fundamentally flexible and outcome oriented. Flexible practices allow for progression based on learner capability, opportunistic content delivery, and variable timing for assessments. Components of CBE that are outcome centric emphasize preparedness to practice and purposeful location selection for formative assessments. Further, it is important to avoid misusing the phrase CBE as a means to describe any aspect of learning that pertains to competence, competency, or competencies.

Conclusions

To hold and maintain a place in the larger context of health care, athletic training educators should have a firm grasp on the concepts and practices of CBE. Future areas of scholarship should identify strategies to incorporate CBE into athletic training education and determine its effect on patient care.
Advancement of Athletic Training Clinical Education Through Preceptor-Led Instructional Strategies
Authors: Burton Connor A. , Winkelmann Zachary K. , Eberman Lindsey E.
Published: September 2019

Context

Athletic training programs blend didactic experiences with clinical practice opportunities with varied patient populations. Traditionally, clinical education relies heavily on the preceptor to supervise, instruct, and mentor the professional athletic training student (P-ATS) during clinical education.

Objective

To describe a preceptor-led educational technique focused on creating meaningful clinical experiences that guide the P-ATS to self-reflect and improve clinical decision-making.

Background

Preceptors are expected to create an effective learning environment at their clinical site that prepares the P-ATS for independent clinical practice, yet some authentic patient encounters and administrative tasks may not be possible because of the nature of the clinical site. By implementing novel clinical education techniques that mimic clinical practice, the P-ATS can engage in meaningful clinical experiences in a safe environment, which aids in professional readiness for independent clinical practice that address learner goals and deficiencies in areas with minimal opportunities for real-time encounters.

Description

The preceptor designed educational techniques to cultivate meaningful clinical experiences that included incognito standardized patient encounters, structured debriefing, and reflective journaling.

Clinical Advantages

A 3-fold benefit exists. First, the P-ATS engages in meaningful clinical experiences to enhance professional readiness for replication of independent clinical practice. Second, the P-ATS develops soft skills, such as metacognitive reflection and quality improvement strategies, after completing the debrief sessions and reflective journaling. Lastly, the preceptor shares contemporary expertise through designing and implementing instructional strategies that mentor the P-ATS through difficult conversations and unique patient presentations.

Conclusions

Implementation of novel instructional strategies within clinical education demonstrates the ability for the P-ATS to engage in real-time clinical experiences in a safe environment and under the guidance of the preceptor.
Potential role of Lu/BCAM in HIV-related atherosclerosis
Authors: Motswaledi Modisa S. , Kasvosve Ishmael , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi O.
Published: September 2019

Atheromatous lesions are formed by macrophages and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol invading the vascular intima. Here we show that increasing cholesterol levels are associated with peripheral monocyte depletion and this imbalance is aggravated by carriage of Lu/BCAM leukocyte adhesion molecules. This is true only in HIV infection and probably explains the risk of atherosclerosis observed in HIV-positive patients.
Demythologising factors associated with HIV and AIDS among Pentecostals: An effective way of dealing with the epidemic in South Africa
Authors: Kgatle Mookgo S.
Published: September 2019

The recent statistics on the prevalence of HIV and AIDS shows that the number of people living with the virus keep on increasing amidst government’s interventions to deal with the epidemic. Pentecostal churches have a potential to deal with the problem, given their theology of experience, but are hindered by some myths about the factors associated with the epidemic highlighted in this article, such as the demonisation of sex and HIV and AIDS, judgemental views, denominationalism and condemnation of condoms. Many scholars interested in the study of HIV and AIDS have researched these myths. The unique contribution that this article makes is a proposal for a strategy of demythologisation of the factors associated with the epidemic among Pentecostals. The article uses a literary analysis to discuss effective ways of dealing with the epidemic in South Africa, such as to talk openly about sex, encourage safer sex, adopt a tolerant approach, embrace a holistic view and reconstruct a theology of HIV and AIDS.
Nicaea as political orthodoxy: Imperial Christianity versus episcopal polities
Authors: Rukuni Rugare , Oliver Erna
Published: September 2019

Fourth-century Christianity and the Council of Nicaea have continually been read as a Constantinian narrative. The dominancy of imperial Christianity has been a consequent feature of the established narrative regarding the events within early Christianity. There is a case for a revisionist enquiry regarding the influence of the emperor in the formation of orthodoxy. The role of bishops and its political characterisation had definitive implications upon Christianity as it would seem. Recent revisions on Constantine by Leithart and Barnes incited the enquiry. The enquiry was made possible through document analysis; this mainly took the form of a literature study. The orthodoxy that emerged at Nicaea in 325 CE was reflective of the political–orthodoxy trajectory that Christianity took beyond the 4th century. Between imperial intervention and clerical polities, one was a definitive dynamic to the then emergent Christianity. The influence of the emperor, which was an apparently definitive feature characterising the era, was compositely relevant as a catalyst in the formation of the Christianity that emerged during the 4th century. The implication that centuries before the Council of Nicaea Christianity had been characterised by significant phases of socio-cultural dynamics relegates the influence of the emperor. The emperor Constantine and his association with the Council of Nicaea characterised an era of imperial ecclesiastical politics in Christianity, and so did the Jewish–Christian Schism and a monarchical episcopate that shaped the orthodox matrix of the church. This research deduced that the function of imperial intervention should be analysed in conjunction with diverse factors characterising the Christianity emergent at Nicaea, particularly ecclesiastical polities.
An Ambazonian theology? A theological approach to the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon
Authors: Morris-Chapman Daniel Pratt
Published: September 2019

The last 3 years have witnessed a period of substantial volatility in Cameroon. In 2016, protests within the minority Anglophone regions against the obligatory use of French in schools triggered a period of considerable unrest, in which hundreds of people have been incarcerated and killed. Following an increased security presence in the English-speaking regions, armed groups have surfaced calling for secession – the creation of an independent nation of Ambazonia. In view of this escalating crisis, this article will investigate how the ‘Anglophone problem’ in Cameroon might be brought to bear upon the African theological debate by examining issues of violence, marginalisation and fragmentation within the two English-speaking areas of Cameroon.
Supplementing the lack of ubuntu? The ministry of Zimbabwe’s Mashoko Christian Hospital to people living with HIV and AIDS in challenging their stigmatisation in the church
Authors: Banda Collium , Mudzanire Suspicion
Published: September 2019

This article uses the African communal concept of ubuntu to reflect on the ministry of Mashoko Christian Hospital (MCH), Zimbabwe, to people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS (PLWHA) during the early days since the discovery of the disease. The main question this article seeks to answer is: from a perspective of the African philosophy of ubuntu, how did the ministry of MCH to PLWHA challenge the fear and judgemental attitudes towards the disease within the Churches of Christ in Zimbabwe? This leads to another question: what should the churches learn from MCH’s response to HIV and AIDS? This article only focusses on trends in conduct and not on a detailed history of engaging HIV and AIDS. The significance of this article is to demonstrate the important role played by faith-based organisations (FBOs) in complementing the compassion and care often lacking in the official churches’ response to HIV and AIDS.
The impact of job description and career prospect on job satisfaction: A quantitative study in Mauritius
Authors: Ramhit Ketan S.
Published: September 2019

Orientation: Literature shows that job description and career prospect are connected to job satisfaction and it is seen that, in Mauritius, job description and career prospect impact job satisfaction.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between job description, career prospect and job satisfaction in Mauritius.Motivation for the study: It has been noticed that employees are dissatisfied when they perform duties outside their job description and also when they see that they do not have a good career prospect. Despite the existence of several researches, limited research exists in the Mauritian context. The outcome will provide significant relevance to existing knowledge.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative approach was adopted and a survey was conducted in a multinational company in Mauritius. A sample of 132 employees was chosen.Main findings: This research unravelled significant negative relationships between job description, career prospect and job satisfaction. The results revealed that, when duties are not well described or when duties are not in line with current responsibilities, the employees are dissatisfied. Similarly, the greater the chances that employees are not given the opportunity to get promoted, the more they are dissatisfied.Practical/managerial implications: Human resource practitioners, managers and team leaders need to recognise that employee’s moods influence the work pattern in the organisation and a clear job description and an appropriate career plan should exist.Contribution/value-add: Literature on the relationship between job description, career prospect and job satisfaction in the context of Mauritius is almost inexistent. This study will add to existing knowledge.
The role of electronic human resource management in diverse workforce efficiency
Authors: Blom Tonja , Du Plessis Yvonne , Kazeroony Hamid
Published: September 2019

Orientation: Diversity management, focusing on developing and appreciating diverse ideas and building relations among diverse employees, and new electronic human resource management (e-HRM) approaches to employees, often leave employees feeling disrespected and indignant. Thus, instead of human resource practitioners, harnessing the strategic role of e-HRM towards value creation for people and organisation, e-HRM has taken a dehumanising turn.Research purpose: This research questioned how technological changes affecting e-HRM could optimise and enable diversity.Motivation for the study: Current literature does not adequately address this e-HRM dilemma impacting on HRM.Research approach/design and method: A qualitative exploratory case study was used to determine how and to what extent the application of e-HRM technology implementation impacted on diversity management. The human niche and ecological model theories help explain the nature of employees’ interactional relationships and coping mechanisms when intervening factors such as e-HRM are introduced respectively.Main findings: The research revealed disconnectedness between e-HRM, individuals and groups, affecting efficiency. Further research is required to improve humanistic approaches for e-HRM implementations.Practical/managerial implications: Application of human niche theory may guide a more participative approach from the onset. Leaders and managers who follow a pure transactional approach may fuel employee isolationism and hamper diversity management through technology in e-HRM.Contribution/value-add: Our findings provide insight into the unintended consequences of diversity. We indicated how e-HRM systems can lead to relational breakdown in a developing country context. Technology should be integrated in managing diversity, and not just focused on operational efficiencies.
Psychoactive substance use among outpatients with severe mental illness: A comparative study
Authors: Sowunmi Oladipo A. , Amoo Gbolagade , Onifade Peter O. , Ogunwale Adegboyega , Babalola Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

Background: Despite several studies on the prevalence and pattern of substance use in Nigeria, there is little information on substance use in patients diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BD).Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the pattern of psychoactive substance use among outpatients with BD and schizophrenia.Setting: The study was conducted in a neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria.Methods: Seventy five consecutive patients with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of BD were compared with an equal number of patients obtained by systematic random sampling with a MINI-PLUS diagnosis of schizophrenia.Results: The respondents with schizophrenia were aged 18–59 years (37.2 ± 9.99) and were predominantly young adult (49, 65.3%), men (46, 61.3%), who were never married (38, 50.7%). Overall, lifetime drug use prevalence was 52%, while for current use, overall prevalence was 21.3%. Participants with BD were aged 18–63 years (36.7 ± 10.29) and were predominantly young adult (53, 70.7%), women (44, 58.7%), who were married (32, 42.7%), with tertiary education (31, 41.3%). Overall, lifetime drug use prevalence was 46.7%, while current overall prevalence was 17.3%. These rates (lifetime and current) for both diagnostic groups are higher than what was reported by the World Health Organization in the global status report of 2014 (0% – 16%). The statistically significant difference between the two diagnostic groups was related to their sociodemographic and clinical variables and psychoactive substance use.Conclusion: Psychoactive substance use remains a burden in the care of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and BD. Future policies should incorporate routine screening for substance use at the outpatient department with a view to stemming the tide of this menace.
A profile of adult acute admissions to Lentegeur Psychiatric Hospital, South Africa
Authors: Franken Herman , Parker John , Allen Robin , Wicomb Robert A.
Published: September 2019

Background: The Western Cape province has the highest documented lifetime prevalence of common mental disorders in South Africa. To ensure the efficient, equitable and effective distribution of current resources, there is a need to determine the profile of patients requiring psychiatric admission.Aim: To describe patients admitted to the acute adult admissions unit at Lentegeur Hospital.Setting: Lentegeur Psychiatric Hospital is situated in Mitchells Plain, Cape Town, and serves about 1 million people from nearby urban and rural areas.Methods: This retrospective study involved an audit of all patients (18–60 years of age) admitted between 01 January 2016 and 30 June 2016. The clinical records of 573 adult patients were examined.Results: The median age of the cohort was 29 years. Most patients (63%) were educated to the secondary level. Only 12% of the patients were employed, and 37% received disability grants. More than 90% of the patients presented with psychotic symptoms. Of these, 28% presented with a first-episode of psychosis. Of all patients, 20% were referred with manic symptoms and 7% with depressive symptoms. Many patients (62%) used substances concurrently in the period leading up to admission. Significantly more males (73%) used substances compared to females (38%). Cannabis was the most widely used substance (51%), followed by methamphetamine (36%). Recent violent behaviour contributed to 37% of the current admissions. A total of 70 patients (13%) tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and 49 (9%) tested positive for syphilis.Conclusion: Substance use and a history of violence contributed to admissions in this population.
Non-classification of free Araki–Woods factors and $\tau$-invariants
Authors: Sasyk Román , Törnquist Asger , Vaes Stefaan
Published: September 2019

We define the standard Borel space of free Araki–Woods factors and prove that their isomorphism relation is not classifiable by countable structures. We also prove that equality of

\tau

-topologies, arising as invariants of type III factors, as well as cocycle and outer conjugacy of actions of abelian groups on free product factors are not classifiable by countable structures.
The Weisfeiler–Leman algorithm and the diameter of Schreier graphs
Authors: Dona Daniele
Published: September 2019

We prove that the number of iterations taken by the Weisfeiler–Leman algorithm for configurations coming from Schreier graphs is closely linked to the diameter of the graphs themselves: an upper bound is found for general Schreier graphs, and a lower bound holds for particular cases, such as for Schreier graphs with

G = SL_n (\mathbb F_q) (q > 2)

acting on

k

-tuples of vectors in

\mathbb F^n_q

; moreover, an exact expression is found in the case of Cayley graphs.
The Basilica Thompson group is not finitely presented
Authors: Witzel Stefan , Zaremsky Matthew C.B.
Published: September 2019

We show that the Basilica Thompson group introduced by Belk and Forrest is not finitely presented, and in fact is not of type FP

_2

. The proof involves developing techniques for proving non-simple connectedness of certain subcomplexes of CAT(0) cube complexes.
Panel collapse and its applications
Authors: Hagen Mark F. , Touikan Nicholas W. M.
Published: September 2019

We describe a procedure called
panel collapse
for replacing a CAT(0) cube complex

\Psi

by a "lower complexity" CAT(0) cube complex

\Psi_\bullet

whenever

\Psi

contains a codimension-2 hyperplane that is
extremal
in one of the codimension-1 hyperplanes containing it. Although

\Psi_\bullet

is not in general a subcomplex of

\Psi

, it is a subspace consisting of a subcomplex together with some cubes that sit inside

\Psi

"diagonally." The hyperplanes of

\Psi_\bullet

extend to hyperplanes of

\Psi

. Applying this procedure, we prove: if a group

G

acts cocompactly on a CAT(0) cube complex

\Psi

, then there is a CAT(0) cube complex

\Omega

so that

G

acts cocompactly on

\Omega

and for each hyperplane

H

of

\Omega

, the stabiliser in

G

of

H

acts on

H

essentially.

Using panel collapse, we obtain a new proof of Stallings's theorem on groups with more than one end. As another illustrative example, we show that panel collapse applies to the exotic cubulations of free groups constructed by Wise in [44]. Next, we show that the CAT(0) cube complexes constructed by Cashen and Macura in [7] can be collapsed to trees while preserving all of the necessary group actions. (It also illustrates that our result applies to actions of some non-discrete groups.) We also discuss possible applications to quasi-isometric rigidity for certain classes of graphs of free groups with cyclic edge groups. Panel collapse is also used in forthcoming work of the first-named author and Wilton to study fixed-point sets of finite subgroups of Out

(F_n)

on the free splitting complex. Finally, we apply panel collapse to a conjecture of Kropholler, obtaining a short proof under a natural extra hypothesis.
Extreme Khovanov spectra
Authors: Cantero Morán Federico , Silvero Marithania
Published: September 2019

We prove that the spectrum constructed by González-Meneses, Manchón and the second author is stably homotopy equivalent to the Khovanov spectrum of Lipshitz and Sarkar at its extreme quantum grading.
Towards a reversed Faber–Krahn inequality for the truncated Laplacian
Authors: Birindelli Isabeau , Galise Giulio , Ishii Hitoshi
Published: September 2019

We consider the nonlinear eigenvalue problem, with Dirichlet boundary condition, for the very degenerate elliptic operator

\mathcal{P}^+_{1}

mapping a function

u

to the maximum eigenvalue of its Hessian matrix. The aim is to show that, at least for square type domains having fixed volume, the symmetry of the domain maximizes the principal eigenvalue, contrary to what happens for the Laplacian.
О разрушении решений нелинейного уравнения Томаса
Authors: Korpusov Maxim Olegovich
Published: September 2019

Рассмотрены начально-краевые задачи на отрезке и на полупрямой для известного уравнения Томаса $u_{xt}+\alpha u_x+\beta u_t+u_xu_t=0$, которое является модельным уравнением, описывающим процессы в химической кинетике с участием ионного обмена при сорбции в потоке реагента. Для этого уравнения получены достаточные условия разрушения его решений за конечное время.
Полный аналитический спектр обобщенных гамильтонианов Джейнса-Каммингса
Authors: Adanmitonde Adjimon Joseph , Avossevou Gabriel Yves Hugues
Published: September 2019

С использованием основных методов квантовой механики разработан аналитический формализм нахождения спектров многофотонных гамильтонианов Джейнса-Каммингса и обобщенных гамильтонианов Дикке. В рамках предлагаемого подхода гамильтонианы этих моделей расщепляются на два оператора, которые представляют собой константы движения. Затем для получения полных аналитических спектров рассматриваемых моделей используются некоторые свойства хорошо известных операторов.
Описание решений с унитонным числом $3$ в случае одного собственного значения. Контрпример к гипотезе о размерности
Authors: Domrina Aleksandra Vladimirovna
Published: September 2019

Дается явное описание решений некоммутативной унитарной $U(1)$ сигма-модели, которые представляют собой конечномерные возмущения тождественного оператора, имеют единственное собственное значение и минимальное унитонное число, равное $3$. Также показано, что множество решений $M(e,r,u)$ энергии $e$, канонического ранга $r$, с минимальным унитонным числом $u=3$ имеет при $e=4n-1$ и $r=n+1$, где $n\geq 3$, комплексную размерность больше $r$, что опровергает гипотезу о размерности, справедливую при $u\in\{1,2\}$.
О монодромии пространства решений специального дважды конфлюэнтного уравнения Гойна и ее приложениях
Authors: Tertychnyi Sergei Ivanovich
Published: September 2019

Рассматриваются три линейных оператора, задающих автоморфизмы пространства решений специального дважды конфлюэнтного уравнения Гойна положительного целого порядка ($\mathcal L$-операторы). Предложен новый метод описания свойств пространства решений этого уравнения, основанный на использовании собственных функций одного из $\mathcal L$-операторов, названного универсальным. Построены правила композиции $\mathcal L$-операторов, установлена их связь с преобразованием монодромии пространства решений специального дважды конфлюэнтного уравнения Гойна. Найдены четыре функционала, квадратичных по собственными функциям универсального автоморфизма, обладающих по отношению к рассматриваемому уравнению свойством, аналогичным свойству первого интеграла. На их основе построены матричные представления $\mathcal L$-операторов, а также оператора монодромии. Дан метод продолжения решений специального дважды конфлюэнтного уравнения Гойна с подмножества $\operatorname{Re}z>0$ комплексной плоскости на максимальную область существования этих решений. В качестве его приложения к теории RSJ-модели сильношунтированного перехода Джозефсона дан явный вид преобразования функции разности фаз, индуцируемого монодромией пространства решений специального дважды конфлюэнтного уравнения Гойна, предложен способ, использующий лишь алгебраические преобразования, позволяющий продолжить эту функцию с интервала в половину периода на любой заданный интервал изменения аргумента.
Population Projection Revisions and Their Impact on Economic Growth – The Case of Malta
Authors: Grech Aaron George , Borg Ian
Published: September 2019

Typically, in short-term economic forecasts, population projections, and their related impact on the availability of labour, tend to be the most stable component. The scope of this paper is to show how in the case of Malta, the European Union’s smallest economy, migration flows have led to substantial revisions in population projections. Using the standard production function approach to estimate potential output growth, these revisions change very substantially expectations of economic expansion. Revisions in population projections are, in fact, estimated to have boosted Malta’s potential output growth in future years by as much as half a percentage point. While potential output is seen as a fairly stable variable for medium and large economies, it is more of a fluid concept for small open economies that are subject to large migration flows.
Ballard Rising inOuter Dark: The Genesis and Early Composition ofChild of God
Authors: Luce Dianne C.
Published: September 2019

In the absence of the first draft(s) of Child of God, this article reconstructs McCarthy's earliest conception for the novel via study of the Ur-Child of God scenes in Outer Dark's “Early Draft [B]” and unused early draft material that remains in the “Middle Draft” of Child of God. It shows that narrative strands central to McCarthy's initial conception for Ballard's novel—the auction and eviction, the sheriff, and the oral tale motif—grew out of material deleted from Outer Dark. It explores the function of the deleted scenes in Outer Dark and examines how McCarthy reshaped these and other deleted materials for Child of God.
“You reckon there are just some places the good lord didn't intend folks to live in?”: The Absence of Community in McCarthy'sChild of God
Authors: Elmore Jonathan , Elmore Rick
Published: September 2019

Critical responses to Cormac McCarthy's Child of God have tended, in recent years, toward more sympathetic accounts of Lester Ballard, the novel's necrophiliac, serial killer protagonist. Scholars such as Edwin Arnold, Dianne Luce, John Lang, and Alexandra Blair contend that Ballard's behavior is best understood as a reaction to communal and societal pressures. While compelling, this reception focuses, almost exclusively, on Lester and his mistreatment by both the community and social institutions like the state. Yet if Ballard's behavior stems from victimization by large-scale social forces, it follows that every resident of Sevier County must be victimized by these same forces. Hence, this paper offers an analysis of the novel focused on the community of Sevier County as a whole. More specifically, we argue that Child of God asserts a devastating critique of the possibility of community, Lester being an extreme reaction to what is, in actuality, the widespread loss of community brought about by the systematic violence of deindustrialization, individualism, patriarchy, and so forth. Hence, Child of God proves less a tale of the murderous perversions of Lester Ballard and more a horror story of the inability for humans to flourish under existing social relations.
“Nothingness is not a curse”: Suttree's Absurd Revolt
Authors: Guerra Elijah
Published: September 2019

Cormac McCarthy's Suttree explores humanity's suffering in its longing for meaning and significance alongside the indifference of the universe to this longing, a pairing Albert Camus calls “the absurd.” Existential despair and endurance are present in all of McCarthy's works, even his short stories, and McCarthy scholars record and examine the philosophy of existentialism within McCarthy's novels, especially Suttree. In Suttree, the protagonist, Cornelius Suttree, adeptly perceives the indifference of the universe and the meaninglessness of existence. However, instead of resigning to this meaninglessness or obscuring human reality with unreasonable hopes, he lives according to an ethic of quantity and affirms his temporary existence to his greatest possible magnitude. After realizing his autonomy and uniqueness, Suttree exemplifies an authentic embrace of life's momentary value and becomes the willful author of his fate. A thorough examination of Suttree through the lens of existentialist philosophy, particularly Camus's absurdism, equips us with an understanding with which to approach McCarthy's other works. A cohesive existentialist reading of McCarthy's works would establish a foundational purpose that unites all of his works.
Desert Gothic: Cormac McCarthy, Paul Bowles, and Don Waters
Authors: Monk Nicholas
Published: September 2019

By comparing the work of Cormac McCarthy, Don Waters, and Paul Bowles, I will show similarities that might be recognized as constitutive of a subgenre of the Gothic, the “Desert Gothic.” In Paul Bowles's 1947 story “A Distant Episode,” a professor of linguistics is captured and cruelly tortured by the Reguibat in Morocco. The story is set against the ruins of a marabout (shrine or tomb) silhouetted in the desert night rank with foetid smells and mystery. McCarthy's West is likewise full of strange ruins and deserted churches, and the violence in the fiction can be extreme and often shocking. Inscrutable and hooded figures abound in the work of both authors, and the supernatural shimmers in and out of view. The desert makes monsters of men in the Saharan as it does in the Chihuahan. Don Waters's collection of short stories entitled “Desert Gothic” has already laid out the literary ground. Waters replaces the European Gothic of the pre-modernist churchyard with the postmodern Gothic of the swiftly crumbling roadside memorial, complete with curled photograph, decaying flowers, and a fading, poorly spelled letter. This article is a first step toward offering a critical definition of the Desert Gothic.
INÉDITOS VIÁVEIS: DIALOGICIDADE, INTERCULTURALIDADE E LIBERTAÇÃO
Authors: Schnorr Giselle Moura
Published: September 2019

Este escrito visa tecer algumas aproximações entre os temas: dialogicidade (FREIRE, 1987), interculturalidade (FORNET-BETANCOURT, 2001), descolonização (FANON, 2005) e libertação. Este tecer parte da educação ﬁlosóﬁca como permanente reeducação do pensar (SCHNORR, 2015) e a Filosoﬁa como é um contínuo movimento de saberes de todas as parte do mundo, encontro de povos, que na maioria dos casos se deu no confronto, na violência colonial, promovendo, também, epistemicídios, ou seja, assassinando, negando a produção de conhecimento de determinados povos, no caso brasileiro, o negro e indígena, nos convida a reﬂexão sobre “inéditos viáveis” para a transformação da ﬁlosoﬁa (FORNET-BETANCOURT, 2001), portanto, para descolonização do pensar e do enfrentamento dos epistemicídios que se reproduzem entre nós.
IMPLICAÇÕES ANTROPOLÍTICAS NO CONCEITO DE "POVO" EM HEIDEGGER
Authors: Dantas Luís Thiago Freire
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo propõe uma análise do conceito de Povo (Das Volk) em Heidegger a partir da preleção Lógica: a pergunta pela essência da linguagem (1934). A análise se deterá em uma contraposição com alguns pensadores, entre os quais Lévi-Strauss, com o intuito de fornecer uma compreensão do limite das teses heideggerianas por meio de uma concepção etnocêntrica na formulação da resposta à questão: O que é isso – um povo? Com isso, a discussão tem a perspectiva de apresentar outra possibilidade de concepção que amplia um modo ﬁlosóﬁco para outros saberes. Além disso, compreender como a deﬁnição de Heidegger contém possíveis implicações tanto políticas quanto antropológicas.