bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of leukemia on quality of life and mental health: Insights from a case study examining physical, social, and cultural implications
Authors: Georgia Charalambous  , Agathi Argyriadi  , Athina Patelarou  , Panagiotis Paoullis  , Angelos Laliotis  , Evridiki Patelarou  , Dimitra Katsarou  , Styliani Kotrotsiou  , Ioannis Dimitrakopoulos  , Alexandros Argyriadis
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Leukemia presents a significant health challenge globally, affecting patients physically and mentally. The symptoms and adverse effects of treatments impact the health-related quality of life (QOL) of leukemia patients. Family caregivers, often family members, play a crucial role in care provision, especially in regions with limited professional nursing. Aim: This research aimed to explore the QOL of a leukemia patient, the effects on the individual and family, factors contributing to well-being, social support networks, and healthcare resources. Insights gained could enhance the QOL for patients and families confronting this challenging disease. Method: A qualitative case study approach was employed. The researchers focused on a single instance, utilizing semi-structured interviews. This technique allowed for an in-depth exploration of the experiences from anthropological perspectives. Data collection involved non-structured interviews with a 42-year-old woman diagnosed with acute leukemia, who had previously recovered from breast cancer. Results: Leukemia patients and family caregivers face substantial psychological distress due to caregiving roles. Anxiety, stress, and depression in caregivers can be mitigated through tailored programs addressing their psychological needs. Such interventions are likely to positively impact the overall quality of life for families. Future research should explore specific factors contributing to psychological distress and evaluate the effectiveness of needs-based programs. Conclusions: To enhance the well-being of both adult leukemia patients and their family caregivers, healthcare professionals should consider family-level intervention programs. The resilience demonstrated by individuals like Ms. Maria, who navigate challenges with determination, serves as inspiration for others facing acute leukemia. Further studies should delve into patient and caregiver factors affecting psychological distress, offering a comprehensive understanding of the holistic care needed for leukemia patients and their families.
Best practices in human resources for inclusive employment: An in-depth review
Authors: Catherine Ezeafulukwe  , Somtochukwu Cynthia Onyekwelu  , Njideka Phina Onyekwelu  , Chinedu Ugochukwu Ike  , Binaebi Gloria Bello  , Onyeka Franca Asuzu
Published: February 2024

This research paper examines the conceptual framework, historical evolution, legal landscape, and business case for inclusive employment. Focusing on the crucial role of Human Resources (HR), the study outlines strategies for recruitment, training, performance management, and workplace accessibility. Implementation strategies encompass the development of inclusive HR policies, integrating inclusive practices, collaborations, and continuous monitoring. The paper also delves into overcoming challenges such as implicit bias and resistance, highlighting the importance of HR's adaptability. Looking forward, it explores future trends like technological innovations, globalization, and societal shifts influencing inclusive employment. The conclusion emphasizes the proactive role of HR in fostering inclusive workplaces for sustained organizational success.
Ethical AI in practice: Balancing technological advancements with human values
Authors: Benjamin Samson Ayinla  , Olukunle Oladipupo Amoo  , Akoh Atadoga  , Temitayo Oluwaseun Abrahams  , Femi Osasona  , Oluwatoyin Ajoke Farayola
Published: February 2024

In an era where artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly intersects with every facet of human life, the imperative for ethical AI has never been more pronounced. This paper delves into the complex interplay between technological advancements in AI and the overarching human values that guide societal norms. The background of the study establishes the urgency of addressing ethical challenges inherent in AI, such as privacy, bias, and accountability, within the broader context of regulatory and policy frameworks. Aiming to critically evaluate the integration and effectiveness of ethical principles in AI applications, the paper navigates through a qualitative analysis, employing theoretical frameworks to dissect the ethical dimensions of AI. The scope encompasses a diverse range of topics, including global trends in ethical AI development, the impact of AI on human rights and personal freedoms, and the analysis of bias and fairness in AI algorithms. Real-world case studies provide insights into the successes and failures of ethical AI implementation, while the role of public perception and trust in AI adoption is scrutinized. The main conclusions reveal a dynamic global landscape of ethical AI, emphasizing the need for robust ethical frameworks and proactive strategies to mitigate biases and ensure equitable outcomes. Recommendations advocate for clear ethical guidelines, integration of ethics in AI development, transparency, accountability, multi-stakeholder collaboration, public engagement, and continuous ethical evaluation. The study concludes that balancing technological innovation with ethical constraints is crucial for the responsible development of AI. It underscores the importance of ethical vigilance, ensuring AI aligns with societal values and individual rights.
Reviewing the impact of digital platforms on entrepreneurship in Africa
Authors: Noluthando Zamanjomane Mhlongo  , Donald Obinna Daraojimba  , Odeyemi Olubusola  , Adeola Olusola Ajayi-Nifise  , Titilola Falaiye
Published: February 2024

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the profound impact of digital platforms on entrepreneurship in Africa. Against the backdrop of diverse economies and unique challenges, the examination explores the transformative role played by digital platforms in shaping the entrepreneurial landscape. Key themes include the empowerment of small businesses through enhanced market access and reduced barriers to entry, the fostering of inclusive economic participation, and the catalyzation of innovation across various sectors. The review delves into the ways digital platforms have become instrumental in overcoming traditional constraints, enabling entrepreneurs to reach wider audiences and create sustainable business models. It explores the democratization of opportunities, particularly for previously marginalized groups, fostering an environment of inclusivity and diversity within the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Furthermore, the review critically assesses the challenges associated with the integration of digital platforms, such as issues related to digital literacy, access to technology, and regulatory considerations. It also highlights the potential opportunities for collaboration between digital platforms, governments, and local communities to address these challenges and create an enabling environment for entrepreneurship to thrive. As Africa increasingly embraces the digital age, understanding the nuanced dynamics between digital platforms and entrepreneurship becomes imperative. This review not only offers insights into the current state of affairs but also anticipates future trends, providing valuable guidance for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders aiming to leverage digital platforms for sustainable economic development on the continent. The review encapsulates the multifaceted impact of digital platforms, positioning them as transformative agents in reshaping the entrepreneurial landscape and fostering a more inclusive and innovative economic future for Africa.
A review of microfinancing's role in entrepreneurial growth in African Nations
Authors: Titilola Falaiye  , Odeyemi Olubusola  , Adeola Olusola Ajayi-Nifise  , Ebere Rosita Daraojimba  , Noluthando Zamanjomane Mhlongo
Published: February 2024

This comprehensive review explores the pivotal role that microfinancing plays in fostering entrepreneurial growth within African nations. Against a backdrop of economic challenges and limited access to traditional financial services, microfinancing has emerged as a powerful tool for empowering aspiring entrepreneurs and driving economic development across the continent. The study delves into the multifaceted dimensions of microfinancing, examining its impact on entrepreneurship, poverty alleviation, and sustainable development. The paper begins by providing a contextual overview of the economic landscape in African nations, emphasizing the persistent barriers that hinder entrepreneurial endeavors, such as a lack of collateral and credit history. It then highlights the transformative potential of microfinancing as a means to overcome these barriers, enabling even the most economically marginalized individuals to access capital and kickstart their entrepreneurial ventures. The review underscores the symbiotic relationship between microfinancing and entrepreneurial growth, emphasizing how these financial mechanisms act as catalysts for innovation and job creation. By analyzing case studies and empirical evidence from diverse African contexts, the paper elucidates the positive correlation between microfinancing initiatives and the establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Additionally, it examines the ways in which microfinancing contributes to the empowerment of women entrepreneurs, thereby fostering gender inclusivity and promoting social equity. Furthermore, the study explores the challenges and potential pitfalls associated with microfinancing programs, addressing issues such as sustainability, scalability, and the need for regulatory frameworks. It critically assesses the effectiveness of different microfinancing models and identifies best practices that can be adopted to maximize impact. In conclusion, this review provides valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics of microfinancing in African nations, highlighting its indispensable role in catalyzing entrepreneurial growth, alleviating poverty, and fostering sustainable development. The findings underscore the importance of continued research, strategic policy implementation, and collaborative efforts between governments, financial institutions, and grassroots organizations to optimize the impact of microfinancing on entrepreneurship in the African context.
AI in E-commerce: Reviewing developments in the USA and their global influence
Authors: Olubusola Odeyemi  , Oluwafunmi Adijat Elufioye  , Noluthando Zamanjomane Mhlongo  , Andrew Ifesinachi Daraojimba  , Funmilola Olatundun Olatoye  , Kehinde Feranmi Awonuga
Published: February 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field of E-commerce has witnessed significant developments in the United States, subsequently influencing global trends and practices. This study explores the recent advancements and their broader impact on the E-commerce landscape. In the USA, AI technologies have become integral to enhancing customer experiences and optimizing operational efficiency in E-commerce platforms. Machine learning algorithms are increasingly employed for personalized recommendations, creating a more tailored shopping experience for users. Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications enable improved customer interactions through chatbots and virtual assistants, streamlining customer service processes. Furthermore, AI-driven predictive analytics has revolutionized inventory management and demand forecasting, allowing E-commerce businesses to optimize stock levels, reduce costs, and minimize out-of-stock situations. This data-driven approach not only enhances operational efficiency but also contributes to a more sustainable and resilient supply chain. The influence of AI in the USA has transcended domestic boundaries, shaping global E-commerce practices. As American E-commerce giants implement cutting-edge AI technologies, other nations look to adopt similar strategies to remain competitive in the global market. The adoption of AI is particularly pronounced in emerging E-commerce markets, where technological advancements play a pivotal role in leapfrogging traditional retail models. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data privacy concerns and ethical considerations surrounding AI algorithms persist. Striking a balance between innovation and responsible AI implementation is crucial to ensuring sustained growth and societal trust in E-commerce platforms (Ilugbusi et al., 2020). AI has become a transformative force in the USA's E-commerce sector, triggering a ripple effect on a global scale. As the technological landscape evolves, a comprehensive understanding of the developments in the USA provides valuable insights for E-commerce stakeholders worldwide, guiding them in harnessing the full potential of AI for future growth and innovation.
AI and ethics in business: A comprehensive review of responsible AI practices and corporate responsibility
Authors: Funmilola Olatundun Olatoye  , Kehinde Feranmi Awonuga  , Noluthando Zamanjomane Mhlongo  , Chidera Victoria Ibeh  , Oluwafunmi Adijat Elufioye  , Ndubuisi Leonard Ndubuisi
Published: February 2024

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to revolutionize business landscapes, the ethical implications of its deployment have garnered significant attention. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the intersection between AI and ethics in the context of corporate responsibility. The integration of AI into business processes necessitates a thorough understanding of responsible AI practices to ensure that technological advancements align with ethical standards and societal values. The first dimension explored in this review is the critical importance of transparency in AI algorithms and decision-making processes. Businesses adopting AI technologies must prioritize transparency to build trust among stakeholders, ensuring that the decision-making processes are understandable and accountable. Ethical considerations also extend to issues of bias and fairness, prompting the need for diverse and inclusive datasets to prevent discriminatory outcomes. Corporate responsibility in the realm of AI extends beyond technical aspects, encompassing the broader socio-economic impact of AI implementation. The review highlights the significance of considering the effects of AI on employment, inequality, and accessibility. Businesses are urged to adopt ethical guidelines that prioritize the well-being of employees and society at large, mitigating the potential negative consequences of AI on employment dynamics and social structures. Furthermore, the paper delves into the ethical considerations surrounding data privacy and security, emphasizing the importance of responsible data handling practices. As businesses accumulate vast amounts of data, it becomes imperative to prioritize the protection of individuals' privacy rights, reinforcing the ethical foundation of AI applications. This comprehensive review underscores the need for businesses to integrate responsible AI practices within the framework of corporate responsibility. By prioritizing transparency, fairness, and ethical data practices, organizations can navigate the complex terrain of AI implementation while ensuring alignment with societal values and ethical standards. This synthesis of AI and ethics in business is essential for fostering a sustainable and responsible technological future.
Reviewing the progress of cancer research in the USA
Authors: Israel Osejie Okoduwa  , Bankole Ibrahim Ashiwaju  , Jane Osareme Ogugua  , Jeremiah Olawumi Arowoogun  , Kehinde Feranmi Awonuga  , Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu
Published: February 2024

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the progress made in cancer research within the United States. Over the past few decades, significant strides have been taken to understand the complexities of cancer, leading to breakthroughs in diagnostics, treatment modalities, and overall patient care. The review explores key themes, including advancements in genomic medicine, immunotherapy, and personalized treatment approaches. Advancements in genomic medicine have emerged as a cornerstone of cancer research, allowing for a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of various cancers. The integration of precision medicine techniques has facilitated the identification of specific genetic mutations, paving the way for targeted therapies tailored to individual patients. Genomic profiling has not only enhanced diagnostic accuracy but has also provided valuable insights into cancer heterogeneity, guiding researchers toward more effective and personalized treatment strategies. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body's immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. The review delves into the remarkable progress in developing immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies, and cancer vaccines. These innovations have shown unprecedented success in treating previously challenging malignancies, offering new hope for patients with advanced-stage cancers. The concept of personalized medicine is further explored, emphasizing the shift from a one-size-fits-all approach to tailoring treatments based on individual patient characteristics. The advent of liquid biopsies and advanced imaging techniques has enabled real-time monitoring of treatment responses, facilitating timely adjustments and improving overall patient outcomes. Despite these advancements, the review acknowledges persistent challenges, such as the need for enhanced collaboration between research institutions, the imperative for increased funding, and the importance of addressing healthcare disparities in cancer outcomes. The ongoing commitment to interdisciplinary research, translational initiatives, and a patient-centered approach is emphasized as essential for overcoming these challenges and further propelling the field of cancer research in the USA. In conclusion, this review paints a comprehensive picture of the remarkable progress in cancer research within the United States. The integration of genomic insights, immunotherapeutic breakthroughs, and personalized treatment approaches underscores a promising future for cancer patients, while acknowledging the necessity of continued efforts to address existing challenges and propel the field toward even greater advancements.
Corticosteroidal impacts on white blood cells differentials in ear-nose-throat admitted infected patients
Authors: Abdelrazzaq Ayed Hussein Alrfooh  , Hayfa Suleiman Mefleh Obeidat  , Ahmad Saleh Qwaider Sbaihat  , Zaid Ahmad El Omari  , Mohammad Zaid Fathi Abo Romman
Published: February 2024

Background/aim: It is well-established that the use of corticosteroidal agents in patients with Ear-Nose-Throat infections can lead to an increased risk of infection recurrence, while also potentially prolonging the duration of the infection. It is crucial to ensure a proper equilibrium between the advantages and drawbacks of the corticosteroidal agent. This study investigates the effects of corticosteroids on specific subsets of immune cells in patients admitted to the Ear-Nose-Throat department with infections. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively from March 2020 to September 2021. The variables that were measured and calculated were categorised into parametric and non-parametric data. The parametric data were compared between the two groups, Non-Dexamethasone Cohort (Cohort I) and Dexamethasone Cohort (Cohort II), using Independent, One-Sample T-Tests, and Chi-Square Test. Results: The average age of the entire study cohort was 59.40±10.60 years. There was a slightly higher proportion of males compared to females, with a ratio of approximately 2.309:1. The haematological analysis revealed a decrease in the levels of white blood cells, absolute neutrophils, monocytes, and the monocytes to lymphocytes ratio in Cohort I when compared to Cohort II. The levels of prognosticator biomarkers and their ratios were significantly lower in Cohort I when compared to Cohort II. Cohort II exhibited a significantly reduced hospital length of stay and a lower mortality rate among admitted infected patients in the ear-nose-throat infection, in comparison to Cohort I. Conclusion: Our analysis determined that Dexamethasone 6 mg/day provides a substantial survival advantage for patients with higher baseline risk upon admission. This benefit is associated with a decrease in the counts of neutrophils and monocytes, as well as a decrease in the ratio of these counts to lymphocyte count.
SCALE OF INJURIES RISK DUE TO XEROSIS IN HOSPITALIZED ELDERLY PEOPLE: DEVELOPMENT AND EVIDENCE VALIDITY
Authors: Cruz Ronny Anderson de Oliveira , Narciso Antônio Carlos , Evangelista Carla Braz , Oliveira Jacira dos Santos , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes
Published: February 2024

Objective: To describe the construction process and validation evidence of the risk assessment scale for the development of lesions associated with cutaneous xerosis in hospitalized elderly people. Method: Methodological study based on Pasquali’s psychometric validation through theoretical, empirical, and analytical analysis. Operationalization occurred in three stages: scope review, scale construction, and content validation by expertises. Results: The instrument is structured in 14 items, with an overall score ranging between 15 (low risk) and 53 (high risk), and presented a content validity coefficient of 0.926 based on the aspects theoretical relevance, theoretical dimension, clarity of language, and practical relevance. It also presented a general Cronbach’s alpha of 0.815, as well as a McDonald’s omega of 0.942, which reveals excellent internal consistency. Conclusion: The instrument showed evidence of validity and could contribute to nurses’ practice when integrating the skin care process for elderly people.
ESCALA DO RISCO DE LESÕES POR XEROSE EM PESSOAS IDOSAS HOSPITALIZADAS: DESENVOLVIMENTO E EVIDÊNCIAS DE VALIDADE
Authors: Cruz Ronny Anderson de Oliveira , Narciso Antônio Carlos , Evangelista Carla Braz , Oliveira Jacira dos Santos , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes
Published: February 2024

Objetivo:Descrever o processo de construção e de evidências de validação da escala de avaliação do risco para o desenvolvimento de lesões associadas à xerose cutânea em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas. Método: Estudo metodológico fundamentado na validação psicométrica de Pasquali por meio de análise teórica, empírica e analítica. A operacionalização ocorreu em três etapas: revisão de escopo, construção da escala e validação de conteúdo por expertises. Resultados: O instrumento encontra-se estruturado em 14 itens, com pontuação geral que varia entre 15 (baixo risco) e 53 (alto risco), e apresentou coeficiente de validade de conteúdo de 0,926 conforme os aspectos relevância teórica, dimensão teórica, clareza da linguagem e pertinência prática. Apresentou também alfa de Cronbach geral igual a 0,815, bem como ômega de McDonald de 0,942, o que revela excelente consistência interna. Conclusão: O instrumento mostrou evidências de validade e poderá contribuir para a práxis dos enfermeiros ao integrar o processo de cuidado da pele de pessoas idosas.
Clinical inertia in the management of patients with post-COVID 19 neurological syndrome: a problem without current evidence
Authors: Lozada-Martinez Ivan David , Hernández-González María Isabel , Villarreal-Montenegro Cindy Vanessa , Motta-Hernández José Wdroo , Arias-Leon Nury Paola , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael
Published: February 2024

Not applicable
Miopatía inflamatoria de inicio tardío asociada con anticuerpos Anti-ro-52 sin afectación pulmonar: Reporte de un caso
Authors: Márquez Vargas Mitzi Gabriela , Escamilla-Ramírez Angel , Gonzalez-Calderón Gina , Flores Velez Karen , Lopez-Hernandez Juan Carlos , Galnares Olalde Javier , Vargas Cañas Edwin Steven
Published: February 2024

Introducción. Las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades autoinmunes. Clínicamente se caracterizan por debilidad muscular simétrica y,  en ocasiones, compromiso sistémico. Presentan signos neurofisiológicos e histológicos de inflamación muscular crónica, así como elevación de enzimas musculares. Los autoanticuerpos específicos son biomarcadores útiles para el diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con dermatomiositis (DM) y anticuerpos anti-Ro52 positivos sin actividad sistémica al diagnóstico.
Caso clínico. Mujer de 87 años, con antecedente de carcinoma basocelular en región malar izquierda e hipotiroidismo de larga evolución, ambas controladas. Presentó cuadro progresivo el cual inició 6 meses previos a valoración por nuestro servicio, caracterizado por fatiga, debilidad de musculatura proximal en las cuatro extremidades, asociado a mialgias en cintura pélvica. En el transcurso de 2 meses mostró dificultad para realizar actividades instrumentadas de la vida diaria. Al quinto mes, manifestó disfagia. A la exploración física se documentó debilidad simétrica de predominio proximal, sin alteración de los reflejos de estiramiento muscular ni afectación sensitiva. Los análisis de laboratorio mostraron elevación de CK (2974 U/L). Se realizó panel de anticuerpos encontrando anti Ro52 +++. El PET corporal reveló hipometabolismo en musculatura proximal de las cuatro extremidades, sin evidencia de actividad neoplásica. Se hizo biopsia muscular observando hallazgos compatibles con DM. Inició manejo con pulsos de metilprednisolona presentando mejoría sintomática.
Discusión y Conclusión: La asociación de anticuerpos anti-Ro52 y DM es infrecuente, presentándose hasta en un 26% en síndromes de superposición. La presentación conjunta de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial y cáncer, son de mal pronóstico.
The history of the development of railways in Novorossiysk (part 1)
Authors: Abramyan Syuzanna , Golubkina Ksenia
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the history of railway communication in Novorossiysk. Special attention is paid to the controversial issues of the chronology of its development and the construction of railways in the Kuban. It started in the 1860s, when the railways approached the southern outskirts of the country, although at that time there was still an irreconcilable Caucasian war on the territory of the Kuban.
The Polish Adaptation of the Work Role Performance Questionnaire
Authors: Grobelny Jaroslaw , Paliga Mateusz , Zwardoń-Kuchciak Olga , Hauk Mateusz
Published: February 2024

The cultural transferability and relevance of work performance constructs across various cultures remain crucial for global organizational research. This paper investigates the cultural adaptation of the Work Role Performance Questionnaire (WRPQ) for the Polish work environment. Originating from the work role theory, WRPQ encapsulates nine distinct work roles derived from two dimensions: behavior type (proficiency, adaptivity, proactivity) and exhibition level (individual, team, organization). We proposed three hypothesis series addressing the questionnaire's structure, differential predictions by various work-related traits and attitudes, and external validity. A multidisciplinary team proficiently translated the questionnaire, which was then tested in a pilot study (n = 276) followed by two primary studies involving supervisors (n = 698) and employees (n = 534). The analytical approach integrated confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and multiple linear regression supplemented by a relative importance analysis. The findings reinforce the questionnaire's reliability within the Polish cultural context, validate its nine subdimension structure, and elucidate distinct relations with both predictors and criterion. The successful cultural adaptation of the WRPQ showcases the potential for broader applications in diverse cultural settings, underscoring the importance of context-specific measurement tools in work performance research.
Nanoparticle-mediated Thermal Cancer Therapies: Strategies to Improve Clinical Translatability
Authors: Bravo Maria , Fortuni Beatrice , Mulvaney Paul , Hofkens Johan , Uji-i Hiroshi , Rocha Susana , Hutchison James A.
Published: February 2024

Despite significant advances, cancer remains a leading global cause of death. Current therapies often fail due to incomplete tumor removal and nonspecific targeting, spurring interest in alternative treatments. Hyperthermia, which uses elevated temperatures to kill cancer cells or boost their sensitivity to radio/chemotherapy, has emerged as a promising alternative. Recent advancements employ nanoparticles (NPs) as heat mediators for selective cancer cell destruction, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. This approach, known as NP hyperthermia, falls into two categories: photothermal therapies (PTT) and magnetothermal therapies (MTT). PTT utilizes NPs that convert light to heat, while MTT uses magnetic NPs activated by alternating magnetic fields (AMF), both achieving localized tumor damage. These methods offer advantages like precise targeting, minimal invasiveness, and reduced systemic toxicity. However, the efficacy of NP hyperthermia depends on many factors, in particular the NP properties, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and TME-NP interactions. Optimizing this treatment requires accurate heat monitoring strategies, such as nanothermometry and biologically relevant screening models that can better mimic the physiological features of the tumor in the human body. This review explores the state-of-the-art of NP-mediated cancer hyperthermia, discussing available nanomaterials, their strengths and weaknesses, characterization methods, and future directions. Our particular focus lies in preclinical NP screening techniques, providing an updated perspective on their efficacy and relevance in the journey towards clinical trials.
The longitudinal network of peer problems and emotional symptoms among Australian adolescents: Bayesian structure learning of directed acyclic graphs
Authors: Santiago Pedro Henrique Ribeiro , Smithers Lisa Gaye , Townsend Michelle , Quintero Adrian , Sawyer Alyssa , Soares Gustavo Hermes , McCormick Kym Michelle , Procter Alexandra , Jamieson Lisa
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Adolescence is a period in which peer problems and emotional symptoms markedly increase in prevalence. However, the causal mechanisms regarding how peer problems cause emotional symptoms at a behavioural level and vice-versa remain unknown. To address this gap, the current study investigated the longitudinal network of peer problems and emotional symptoms among Australian adolescents aged 12 to 14 years. Methods: Data was from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). The complete case samples included adolescents who participated in the LSAC B (n=2,694) or K (n=3,144) Cohorts at two study follow-ups (ages 12 and 14). Peer problems and emotional symptoms were measured with the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The analytical steps were: (1) in Study 1, a causal discovery algorithm, Bayesian structure learning of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), was used to identify the longitudinal network in the K Cohort; (2) the DAG discovered was evaluated with Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling (BSEM) in an independent sample (the B Cohort) and compared against a DAG established through expert knowledge; and (3) in Study 2, the longitudinal network was again evaluated but considered contemporaneous effects. Results: The empirically discovered DAG provided a better explanation of independent data than the expert DAG. Based on the discovered DAG, several plausible causal effects were identified such as that being bullied at age 12 negatively affected popularity at age 14. Conclusion: This study provides new insights into potential causal effects established between peer problems and emotional symptoms among Australian adolescents aged 12 to 14 years.
Pseudo-Discrimination Parameters from Language Embeddings
Authors: Guenole Nigel , Samo Andrew
Published: February 2024

As large language models are increasingly being used in psychological research, recent work hasstarted using language embeddings to generate and/ or evaluate psychometric scales. Building onthis work, we introduce and evaluate pseudo-item discrimination parameters, which approximateempirical measurement model parameters from natural language embeddings before anyresponse data are collected. Using two separate personality measures, the G50 and BFAS-100,and two independent datasets, we demonstrate initial internal and predictive validity for pseudoitemdiscrimination parameters. Results indicated that pseudo-discrimination estimates haveinternal convergent and discriminant validity and were also significant predictors of empiricaldiscrimination parameters for most personality subscales tested. Overall, pseudo-discriminationparameters estimated from language-embeddings appear to capture meaningful semanticinformation that explains variance in empirical item discrimination. In other words, pseudodiscriminationestimates provide an approximation of empirical measurement model parametersprior to collecting empirical data. Pseudo-discrimination estimates appear informative aboutactual item discrimination, easing the burden associated with item pool creation and calibration.
Climate Change and Mental Health in the Philippines: a systematic review
Authors: Villarino Resti Tito , Hozhabri  , Saint-Onge  , Bernard Paquito
Published: February 2024

The Philippines are at the forefront of climate change impacts, including those related to health and well-being, but information on mental health and well-being are typically underreported. To help address this research lacuna, we conducted a systematic literature review. We aimed to provide an overview of current research knowledge and research gaps regarding the impacts of climate change outcomes on Filipinos’ mental health and well-being. Consulting 8 databases, we identified 951 records. The final analysis included 32 studies: 16 quantitative, 11 qualitative, 2 longitudinal, 2 experimental, and 1 published report. A narrative synthesis has been performed to synthesize the findings from included studies. Studies were presented in four sections: 1) Risks to mental health following a natural disaster, 2) Determinants of post-traumatic stress disorder risks, 3) Resilience and post-traumatic growth following natural disasters, and 4) Personal experiences and other mental health outcomes. Reviewed data show that climate change outcomes strongly and negatively impact Filippino’s mental health and well-being. Climate change outcomes also, negatively affect mental health through indirect (e.g., sleep disorders) and long-term pathways for example by being exposed to stressors such as migration, conflict, and violence. A set of coping strategies was identified which include banding together, mobilizing health experts, and expanding the local relationships with health workers. Future prospective studies should assess the effects of rising sea levels and vector-borne diseases among frontline communities. More interventional studies assessing preventive interventions and health promotion initiatives should be carried out to mitigate mental health disorders and improve well-being, thus contributing to improved health outcomes.
A Rapid Scoping Review on Operationalizing Cognitive and Social Activities in Research on Dementia Risk Reduction
Authors: Bruinsma Jeroen , Roodbeen Ruud , Menting Giselle Geertruide Antonia , Deckers Kay , Hendriks Stevie , Crutzen Rik
Published: February 2024

Engagement in cognitive and social activities can potentially preserve cognitive abilities, which makes their promotion a promising avenue for dementia risk reduction. However, insight into how to adequately measure engagement in these activities is a necessary precursor. A rapid scoping review was performed to search relevant articles on PubMed. The aim was to obtain an initial understanding of (a) how cognitive and social activities are measured in research that investigates protective activities against dementia and (b) to explore to what extent this aligns with the operationalization in preventive interventions. The findings show that across 58 studies, questionnaires were mostly used to measure engagement in cognitive and social activities. A wide variety of items and themes was observed across studies, including: arts and crafts; clubs, groups, and communities; exercising; games and puzzles; going out; household tasks; learning and education; making music; multimedia usage; reading; socializing; work/volunteering; writing. There were considerable variations in the number and content of items, ulitized response scales, recall periods, and methods to compose scores. Additionally, preventive interventions stongly focused on psychoeducation and (computerized) cognitive training, which limitedly reflect the activities operationalized in questionnaires.Many researchers investigate the protective effects of cognitive or social activities against dementia but measure and promote these concepts completely differently. This results in fragmented insights into what activities are protective. Clarifying precisely what these concepts entail, and which aspects are relevant to measure would support the development of measurement instructions as well as interventions to promote relevant activities.Keywords: Dementia, Cognition, Social Participation, Cognitive Activities, Social Activities
My experience in social research
Authors: Kennedy Lynn
Published: February 2024

Sociologists and, more specifically, sex work researchers comprise a distinct subculture in the scientific research community. While there is now a large and growing literature on sex work, there is little research on the community of researchers who produce it. What researchers produce can have a significant impact on policy which in turn can affect occupational health and safety in the industry, therefore it is imperative that we understand how knowledge is produced in this sub-discipline. This study is a participant observation case study that centers around the experience of the author and considers the research and publishing ecosystem through the lens of a neophyte researcher who is only tangentially connected to the university system. This study considers whether it is practically possible for those either directly or indirectly involved in the sex industry to publish high quality research, and what limitations are imposed on researchers when producing this research. Key findings are that it is possible in a limited way to work independently of the university system, and that some publishers are willing to publish authors who need to protect their privacy. However, there are significant financial, ethical, and social barriers that must be overcome when producing and publishing peer-reviewed work.
वैदिक दर्शन र यसको शैक्षिक उपयोगिता
Authors: पोखरेल Pokhrel मोहनमणि Mohanmani
Published: February 2024

वेदको अर्थ ज्ञान हुन्छ । हिन्दू दर्शन वा वैदिक दर्शनको मुख्य आधार र स्रोत वेद हो । वेदमा आधारित दर्शनलाई नै वैदिक दर्शन भनिन्छ । वेदमा मुख्य गरेर ब्रह्मको व्याख्या गरिएको छ । यसका चार भाग छन् । आर्यन संस्कृतिको मुख्य आधार र हिन्दू दर्शनको आधारसमेत रहेको यसको मुख्य उद्देश्य वैदिक दर्शनको विकासक्रम र षडदर्शनको परिचय दिनु हो । त्यस्तै दार्शनिक आधारको परिचय गराउनु र यसको नेपालको सन्दर्भमा उपयोगिताको विश्लेषण गराउनु हो । विभिन्न सम्बन्धित विषयका विज्ञहरूसँगको छलफल, अन्र्तवार्ता, पुस्तकालय विधि र इन्टरनेट विधि प्रयोग गरी अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यसभित्र वेदको परिचय, वेदको दार्शनिक आधार ब्रह्म अथवा ईश्वरको परिचय गराउन खोजिएको छ । वैदिक दर्शनको दार्शनिक आधार ईश्वर हो र जीवनको अन्तिम लक्ष्य मोक्ष प्राप्त गर्नु हो । वास्तविक ज्ञानबाट मात्र मोक्ष प्राप्ति हुने र ज्ञान प्राप्तिका लागि शिक्षाको आवश्यक हुन्छ । शिक्षाले मानिसलाई मुक्ति दिलाउन सक्नुपर्छ । यसअन्तर्गत वैदिक दर्शनको परिचय, यसको विकासक्रम षडदर्शनको परिचय, यसको दार्शनिक आधार र नेपालको वर्तमान सन्दर्भमा यसको शैक्षिक उपयोगिता समावेश गरिएको छ । त्यस्तै, नेपालको वैदिक शिक्षा प्रणालीमा गुरुकुल शिक्षा, ऋषिकुल शिक्षा, देवकुल शिक्षा, राजकुल शिक्षा र पितृकुल शिक्षाको बारेमा परिचय गराउने प्रयास गरिएको छ । नेपालको सन्दर्भमा आजको शिक्षा प्रणालीलाई सुधार गर्न, विद्यार्थी अनुशासन कायम राख्न, गुरु चेलाबिचको सम्बन्ध उच्च राखी उच्चतम् शैक्षिक उपलब्धि प्राप्त गर्न वैदिक शिक्षा प्रणाली उपयोगी हुने देखिन्छ ।
विद्यालयमा दिवा खाजा कार्यक्रमले बालबालिकाको भर्ना र नियमिततामा पारेको प्रभाव
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari नारायणप्रसाद Narayan Prasad
Published: February 2024

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन विद्यालयमा दिवा खाजा कार्यक्रमले बालबालिकाको भर्ना र नियमिततामा पारेको प्रभाव विषयमा गरिएको हो । यस अध्ययनको मुख्य उद्देश्य दिवा खाजा कार्यक्रमले बालबालिकाको भर्ना र विद्यालय नियमिततामा पारेको प्रभाव खोजी गर्नु रहेको छ । यो अध्ययन दाङ जिल्लाको घोराही उपमहानगरपालिकाअन्तर्गत रहेका २ वटा विद्यालयमा आधारित छ । यसमा गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचा प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा विशेष गरी प्राथमिक सूचनाहरू प्रश्नावली, प्रत्यक्ष अवलोकन, समूह छलफल, अन्र्तवार्ता  जस्ता विधि र साधनहरूको प्रयोग गरी सामग्री सङ्कलन गरिएको छ भने द्वितीय सूचना तथा जानकारीहरू लेख, रचना, विद्यालय तथ्याङ्क फारम, शोधपत्र, विद्यार्थी हाजिरी रजिस्टर, विद्यार्थी विवरण अभिलेख तथा विभिन्न अध्ययन प्रतिवेदनहरूबाट सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । प्राप्त सूचनाहरूलाई अर्थ र बुझाइको आधारमा अध्ययनकर्ताको प्रतिबिम्बसहित निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । विद्यालयमा दिवा खाजा कार्यक्रममा पूरा गर्नुपर्ने न्यूनतम् मापदण्ड पूरा  नगरी कार्यान्वयन गरिएकाले यसको प्रभावकारिता देखिएन । विद्यार्थी भर्ना र विद्यालय नियमिततामा हुने बानी विकासमा यस कार्यक्रमले सकारात्मक प्रभाव पारेको देखिन्छ । तर शिक्षाको मूलधारमा सबै बालबालिकालाई ल्याउने उद्देश्य हासिल गर्न भने सकेको पाइएन । यस कार्यक्रमको कार्यान्वयनमा आन्तरिक व्यवस्थापन पक्ष फितलो र कमजोर रहेको पाइयो । नेपाल सरकार र विश्व खाद्य कार्यक्रमको सम्झौताअनुसार निर्धारित नीति, नियम र निर्देशनको आंशिक कार्यान्वयन भएको र यो कार्यक्रम बालबालिकाको सिकाइ सिपसँग जोडिन नसकेको  देखियो । विद्यालयहरूको कमजोर भौतिक संरचनाका कारण दिवा खाजा कार्यक्रमलाई व्यवस्थित,  प्रभावकारी र बालमैत्री  बनाउने अवधारणा लागु हुन नसकेको पाइयो । यस कार्यक्रममा ढुवानी, भण्डारण र वितरण प्रणालीमा समस्या रहेको साथै अपारदर्शिता, खाद्यको गुणस्तरीयता, साझेदार निकायहरूबिच निरन्तर सञ्चार, सम्बन्ध, सहकार्य, समन्वय, सम्बन्धित निकायबाट नियमित अनुगमन र सुपरिवेक्षणको अभाव जस्ता पक्षहरू समस्याको रूपमा देखिएका छन् । यस कार्यक्रममा देखिएका समस्याहरूलाई सम्बन्धित निकायले निरन्तर अनुगमन र सुपरिवेक्षण गरी समाधान गर्नुपर्दछ । यसका साथै कार्यक्रममा लागि दिइने अनुदान समयअनुसार ज्यादै न्यून भएकाले कम्तीमा प्रति विद्यार्थी रु. ३० का दरले अनुदान प्रदान गरी कार्यक्रमलाई निरन्तरता दिनुपर्ने देखिन्छ ।
नेपालमा उच्च शिक्षाका नेताको नेतृत्व संसार
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari सूर्यप्रसाद Surya Prasad
Published: February 2024

उच्च शिक्षामा सक्रिय सहभागीका रूपमा प्राध्यापक, कर्मचारी र विद्यार्थीहरू रहेका हुन्छन् । उच्च शैक्षिक संस्थाका रूपमा नेपालमा बाह्रवटा विश्वविद्यलयहरूका साथमा आङ्गिक र सम्बन्धन प्राप्त क्यम्पसहरू सञ्चालनमा छन् । क्याम्पसका प्रमुखहरू आवश्यकताका आधारमा प्राध्यापक, कर्मचारी र विद्यार्थीहरूको सरसहयोग लिनुपर्ने कुरा यसको सञ्चालनसम्बन्धी नीतिगत व्यवस्था गरिएको छ । त्यस्तै क्याम्पसमा  प्राध्यापक, कर्मचारी र विद्यार्थीहरूका हक अधिकारका निम्ति आआफ्नै पेसागत सङ्घ र सङ्गठनहरू भएकाले त्यसको नेतृत्व राजनीतिबाट टाढा रहन सक्दैन । यस अध्ययनको उद्देश्य उच्च शिक्षाका शैक्षिक नेतृत्वको  व्यक्तिगत, सामाजिक र राजनीतिक पेसागत भोगाई अनुभवको अध्ययन गर्नु रहेको छ । उच्च शैक्षिक संस्थाअन्तर्गत त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयको क्याम्पसको नेतृत्व सम्हालेका शैक्षिक तथा प्रशासनिक नेतृत्व लिएका एक शैक्षिक प्रशासक नेताले भोगेका व्यक्तिगत अनुभव संसारको बारेमा न्यारेटिभ विधिद्वारा कथाको विकास गरिएको छ । उनलाई उद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनोट विधिका आधारमा छनोट गरिएको छ । त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयमा पनि नेपालका अन्य प्रशासनिक क्षेत्रमा जस्तै राजनीति भागबन्डाबाट पदाधिकारीको पदस्थापन गरिन्छ । शिक्षक, कर्मचारी, विद्यार्थी र सहकर्मीहरूको उच्च शिक्षामा नेतृत्वलाई समर्थन वा विरोध, व्यक्तिगत वा साङ्गठनिक स्वार्थका आधारमा व्यक्त हुन्छ । नेतृत्वको व्यवहार पनि आफ्नो राजनैतिक बिचार वा दर्शनद्वारा शक्ति प्राप्त गरिएको हुन्छ । अनुभव र दर्शनले उनको नेतृत्वलाई निर्देशित गर्दछ । पार्टीगत वा साङ्गठनिक निर्णयलाई प्राथमिकता राखेर निर्णय गर्दा उच्च शिक्षाको नेतृत्व भने विवाद रहित हुन नसकेको पाइयो । मास्लोको आत्मसम्मान र आत्मबोध प्राप्त गर्न उच्चशैक्षिक नेतृत्वमा कठिनाइ हुँदो रहेछ । तर, रूपान्तरित नेतृत्वमा सामान्य मात्र प्राध्यापक, कर्मचारी र विद्यार्थीको सहयोग, समन्वय र परिस्थितिले समेत सहयोग गरेको अवस्थामा क्याम्पसको विकास र रूपान्तरण सम्भव हुँदो रहेछ ।
नेपाली भाषामा प्रयुक्त लैङ्गिक विभेदक उखान {Gender-differentiated idioms used in Nepali language}
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane भागीरथा Bhagiratha
Published: February 2024

लैङ्गिक विभेद जनाउने, महिलालाई होच्याउने, हिंसात्मक प्रकृतिका उखानहरू लैङ्गिक विभेदक उखान हुन् । विभेदकारी उखानहरू अभिधात्मक मात्र नभई लाक्षणिक र व्यञ्जनात्मक आदि प्रकारका पनि हुने भएकाले अभिव्यक्तिको सन्दर्भ, आशय तथा प्रसङ्गबाट अर्थ पहिल्याउनुपर्ने हुन्छ । यस लेखमा हाम्रो समाजमा प्रचलित लैङ्गिक विभेदक उखान, टिप्पणी, अभिव्यक्ति आदिलाई नारीवादी दृष्टिकोणबाट विश्लेषण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखिएको छ । उक्त उद्देश्य प्राप्तिका लागि नेपाली लोकजीवनमा प्रयोग प्रचलनमा रहेका लैङ्गिक विभेद जनाउने केही उखानहरूको उद्देश्यपूर्ण तरिकाले नमुना छनोट गरिएको छ । बोलीचालीका क्रममा प्रयोग गरिने लैङ्गिक विभेदयुक्त उखानलाई प्राथमिक स्रोत मानी सङ्कलित तथ्यलाई नारीवादी दृष्टिकोणका आधारमा गुणात्मक विधिअनुरूप आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । नेपाली समाजमा विभेदक भनाइहरू तथा उखान, टुक्कालगायतका विविध भाषिक टिप्पणीहरूमा पितृसत्तात्मक सोच प्रत्यक्ष तथा अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा हालसम्म पनि रही आएको पाइन्छ । यस्ता भनाइहरूलाई कथ्य र लेख्य दुवै रूपमा हटाई समतामूलक समाज निर्माण गर्नका लागि भाषिक प्रयोक्ता सचेत हुन आवश्यक देखिन्छ । यसैगरी पठनपाठनका क्षेत्रमा पाठ्यक्रम र पाठ्यपुस्तकहरू निर्माण गर्दा पनि लैङ्गिक विभेद जनाउने भाषालाई निरुत्साहित गरिनुपर्छ ।
मोटेल अमेरिका उपन्यासमा डायस्पोरा चेतना {Diaspora Consciousness in Motel America}
Authors: भट्ट Bhatta खेमराज Khemraj
Published: February 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख राजव पुडासैनीद्वारा लेखिएको २०६७ सालमा साझा प्रकाशनबाट प्रकाशित ‘मोटेल अमेरिका’ उपन्यासमा डायस्पोरा चेतनाको खोजीमा केन्द्रित छ । डायस्पोरा स्वदेश छोडी परदेश गएका व्यक्तिहरूका पीडा सँगालेर लेखिएको लेखन हो । डायस्पोरा लेखनमा स्वदेशको सम्झना, परम्परा, संस्कृति र समुदायको झझल्को तथा परदेशको रोमाञ्च अनुभूति र पीडादायी क्षणहरूको प्रस्तुति गरिएको हुन्छ । प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्री उपयोग गरिएको यस लेखमा प्राथमिक सामग्रीमा राजवको मोटेल अमेरिका उपन्यास र द्वितीय सामग्रीमा सैद्धान्तिक पुस्तक, अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख, संस्मरण तथा वेभसाइडको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । सङ्कलित सामग्रीको विश्लेषणका क्रममा निगमनात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरी उपन्यासका साक्ष्यहरूका आधारमा पुख्र्यौली भूमि र इच्छित भूमि, विभाजित मानसिकता, अल्पसङ्ख्यक तथा सीमान्तकृत हुनुको पीडा, परादेशीय हुनुको रोमाञ्च, अस्तित्वबोधका लागि एकसूत्रताको खोजी एवं अतीतमोह जस्ता आधारहरूमा उपन्यासमा डायस्पोरा चेतना खोजी गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत उपन्यासमा काम र मामका लागि थातथलो छोड्नुपर्ने आम शिक्षित बेरोजगार नेपालीहरूको प्रतिनिधि पात्र ऊ राम शर्मा कँडेल) को अमेरिका बसाइँ एवं विगतमा काठमाडौँको घरायसी परिवेशको स्मरण केन्द्रित छ । उपन्यासका साक्ष्यहरूलाई विश्लेषण गर्दा उपन्यासमा देखापरेका प्रत्येक पात्रहरूका क्रियाकलाप तथा जीवन भोगाइमा डायस्पोरिक मूल्य र चेतनामा आधारित रहेको निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।
Job Satisfaction as a Mediator of Compensation and Motivation on Employees Performance
Authors: Fachiroh Diandra , Suratman Andriyastuti
Published: February 2024

This study is intended to understand how job satisfaction acts as a mediator in influencing the rela-tionship between compensation and motivation to employee performance. Pertamina Hospital Cirebon was chosen as the object of the study. A quantitative approach was used in this study, with data collection through questionnaires using Google Form. The population amounted to 199 and the sample used was 150 people. The sampling method used was purposive random sampling, with the criteria that employees have the status of specific time workers (PWT) and non-specific time workers (PWTT). Data analysis is validity and reliability test, classical assumption test, descriptive statistical analysis, simple and multiple linear regression analysis, and sobel test using SPSS software version 25. The results showed that both compensation and motivation have a positive and significant effect on employee performance and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In addition, this study indicates that job satisfaction can mediate the relationship between compensation and moti-vation to employee performance.