bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study on Qualitative Metabolomics to Characterize Lewis Lung Carcinoma in Mice
Authors: Stawarska Agnieszka , Bamburowicz-Klimkowska Magdalena , Pisklak Dariusz Maciej , Gawlak Maciej , Grudzinski Ireneusz P.
Published: January 2025

Metabolomics is a powerful tool that can be used to identify different stages in cancer development. In this study, the metabolomic profile of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was characterized in C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC tumors. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nuclear magnetic resonance—NMR) was applied using a 400 MHz 1H NMR spectrometer. Two types of metabolites (polar and non-polar) were identified on LLC based on the analysis of methanol/water and chloroform extracts collected from lung cancer samples in mice. The investigated metabolomics show that the neoplastic processes of growing LLC on mice may affect carbohydrate; alanine and glutamate; leucine and isoleucine; lysine; creatine; and choline metabolism, whereas hypoxia states were identified due to elevated lactate in lung cancer tissues. The metabolomic profile of Lewis lung carcinoma could be considered to be a valuable biomarker in translational lung cancer research.
Hierarchical CoMn-LDH and Heterostructured Composites for Advanced Supercapacitors and Electrocatalysis Applications
Authors: Chavan Ganesh T. , Dubal Deepak P. , Morankar Pritam J. , Jeon Chan-Wook , An Jinsung , Song Ki-Han
Published: January 2025

In the present study, self-assembled hierarchical CoMn-LDH, CoMn@CuZnS, and CoMn@CuZnFeS heterostructured composites were synthesized for bifunctional applications. As an electrode for a supercapacitor, CoMn-LDH demonstrated superior areal and specific capacitance of 5.323 F cm−2 (279.49 mAh/g) at 4 mA cm−2, comparable to or even higher than other LDHs. The assembled AC//CoMn-LDH hybrid supercapacitor device further demonstrated better stability with 63% original capacitance over 20,000 cycles. Later, as a catalyst, CoMn-LDH, CoMn@CuZnS, and CoMn@CuZnFeS electrodes revealed better performance, with overpotentials of 340, 350, and 366 and −199, −215, and −222 mV to attain 10 mA cm−2 of current density for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. Moreover, for CoMn-LDH, small Tafel slopes of 102 and 128 mV/dec were noticed for OER and HER with good stability compared to heterostructured electrodes.
A Bibliometric and Systematic Review of the Use of Recycled Composite Materials with an Emphasis on the Mechanical Performance of Structures
Authors: Veres Cristina , Tănase Maria
Published: January 2025

The paper provides a bibliometric and systematic review of the utilization of recycled composite materials, focusing on their mechanical performance in structural applications. Analyzing 1525 publications from the Web of Science database using VOSviewer, the study identifies trends, key topics, and collaboration networks. Findings show that recycled fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) maintain up to 93% of their virgin tensile strength under optimal pyrolysis conditions, while mechanical recycling can reduce tensile properties by up to 29%. Advances in hybrid composites and recycling technologies have facilitated sustainable applications in the construction, transportation, and energy sectors. China is a dominant contributor to research on recycled composites, with the USA making strong contributions as well. Other countries, including England, India, and Germany, have active research communities, while nations such as Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Korea, and Spain demonstrate growing global participation in this field. The bibliometric analysis highlights a significant increase in global research activity, with key trends focusing on additive manufacturing, circular economy practices, and sustainability. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including high operational costs and variability in recycled material quality. This review underscores the need for standardized protocols and improved lifecycle assessments to accelerate the adoption of recycled composites in engineering practices.
Determining Moisture Condition of External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) of an Existing Building
Authors: Krause Paweł , Pokorska-Silva Iwona , Kosobucki Łukasz
Published: January 2025

ETICS is a popular external wall insulation system, which is not without possible defects and damages. A frequent cause, direct or indirect, of damage to buildings is the impact of water (moisture). This article presents, among others, the results of tests of the moisture content of ETICS layers, the water absorption and capillary absorption of the render by means of the Karsten tube method, numerical thermo-moisture simulations, and tests of interlayer adhesion, in sample residential buildings. Mass moisture content testing of the wall substrate showed acceptable moisture levels (1–4%m) within masonry walls made of silicate blocks, as well as locally elevated moisture levels (4–8%m) in the case of reinforced concrete walls. Moisture testing of the insulation samples showed a predominantly dry condition, and testing of the reinforcement layer showed an acceptable level of moisture. Severe moisture was found in the sample taken in the ground-floor zone at the interface between mineral wool and EPS-P insulation underneath the reinforced layer. Capillary water absorption tests helped classify silicone render as an impermeable and surface hydrophobic coating. Tests of the water absorption of the facade plaster showed that the value declared by the manufacturer (<0.5 kg/m2) was mostly met (not in the ground-floor zone). The simulation calculations gave information that there was no continuous increase in condensation during the assumed analysis time (the influence of interstitial condensation on the observed anomalies was excluded). The tests carried out indicated the occurrence of numerous errors in the implementation of insulation works affecting the moisture content and durability of external partitions.
Development of Bio-Composites from Milkweed Fibers Using Air-Laid Spike Process for Automobile Dashboard Applications
Authors: Lupescu Deborah , Cousin Patrice , Robert Mathieu , Elkoun Said
Published: January 2025

This study focused on examining the reinforcement of milkweed fibers in polylactic acid (PLA) bio-composites used for dashboards in car interiors. Milkweed fiber is a natural fiber with a hollow structure that provides tremendous thermal insulation and noise resistance properties. Firstly, the milkweed fibers were blended with PLA fibers in a weight ratio of 75:25 using an air-laying process. Then, several layers of nonwoven material were compressed in a hydraulic press to obtain bio-composites. Finally, three bio-composites were obtained with different numbers of layers. The density, microstructure, thermal conductivity, sound transmission loss (STL), mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and contact angles of the bio-composites were evaluated. The microstructure analysis revealed that some milkweed fibers collapsed due to the high-pressure molding process, which does not affect the bio-composite properties. The bio-composite with a higher number of nonwoven layers presented a poor interface between PLA and milkweed fibers, thus making it less homogeneous. This bio-composite showed a decrease of 5% in thermal conductivity values and a 19% increase in STL values. In addition, it exhibited a 160% increase in specific flexural strength and a 335% increase in specific flexural modulus compared to samples with a lower number of nonwoven layers. Therefore, it offers the best mechanical-property-to-density ratio, with values that conform to the specifications required for automotive dashboards.
Mathematical Modeling of High-Energy Shaker Mill Process with Lumped Parameter Approach for One-Dimensional Oscillatory Ball Motion with Collisional Heat Generation
Authors: Son Kwon Joong
Published: January 2025

This study presents an advanced mathematical model for the high-energy shaker mill process, incorporating thermal interactions among the milling ball, shaker mill vial, and the air contained within. Unlike previous models focusing solely on the ball’s temperature, this research emphasizes the heat produced by impacts and the thermal exchange among all three components. Incorporating these thermal interactions allows the model to provide a more comprehensive depiction of the energy dynamics within the system, leading to more precise predictions of temperature changes. Utilizing a lumped parameter method, the study simplifies complex airflow dynamics and non-uniform temperature distributions in the milling system, enabling efficient numerical analysis. Hamilton’s equations are extended to include supplementary state variables that account for the internal energies of both the vial and the air, in addition to the thermomechanical state variables of the ball. High-energy milling techniques are essential in mechanochemical synthesis and various industrial applications, where the optimization of heat transfer and energy efficiency is crucial. Numerical simulations computed using the Bogacki–Shampine integration algorithm significantly align with experimental data, confirming the model’s accuracy. This comprehensive framework enhances understanding of heat transfer in one-dimensional ball motion, optimizing milling parameters for better performance. The mathematical model facilitates the computation of heat production due to collisions, based on operational parameters like shaking frequency and amplitude, thereby allowing for the anticipation of chemical reaction activation potential in mechanochemistry.
Maxima of the Aα-Index of Non-Bipartite C3-Free Graphs for 1/2 < α < 1
Authors: Zhang Haixia , Lei Yu
Published: January 2025

In 2017, Nikiforov defined the Aα-matrix of the graph G as Aα(G)=αD(G)+(1−α)A(G),0≤α≤1, which merges the diagonal degree matrix D(G) and the adjacency matrix A(G). In this paper, we characterize the graphs which attain the maximum Aα-index among triangle-free non-bipartite graphs of order n for 1/2<α<1.
Numerical Study on Continuous-Bending-Under-Tension of 3rd Generation Steel
Authors: Pereira João F. A. , Prates Pedro A. , Butuc Marilena C. , Vincze Gabriela
Published: January 2025

Sheet metal forming is one of the key processes in the manufacturing of parts for several industries, such as automotive, aerospace and packaging. However, it is often constrained by the onset of plastic instability, which limits uniform deformation. To address this challenge, considerable attention has been given to methods that enhance strength, formability, and energy absorption during forming processes. One such method is the continuous-bending-under-tension (CBT) deformation mechanism, which has shown potential in mitigating localized instability during plastic deformation. This study presents a numerical investigation of the CBT process using Abaqus 2017 to evaluate the forces generated in both the CBT equipment and material when processing high-strength materials. The reference material used is the USS CR980XG3™ AHSS, a third-generation, high-strength, high-elongation steel grade with retained austenite (980T/600Y). The study systematically analyzes the effects of key parameters, such as roll diameter, distance between rolls, depth setting, specimen thickness, and the number of deformation cycles, on the evolution of forces during the CBT process. The results demonstrate that both the forces applied by the rolls and those experienced by the specimen are significantly influenced by the distance between rolls, depth setting, and specimen thickness. In contrast, the roll diameters have minimal influence. These findings contribute to the optimization of the CBT process and provide valuable insights for future studies aimed at enhancing the performance and formability of various materials.
Molecular Dynamics Investigation on Grain Size-Dependent Superelastic Behavior of CuZr Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Zhu Mixun , Wang Kai , Zhong Hongtao , Shen Huahuai , Zhang Yong , Fu Xiaoling , Yang Yuanzheng
Published: January 2025

The superelasticity of CuZr shape memory alloys (SMAs) originates from stress-induced transformations between the B2 (austenite) and B19’ (martensite) phases. Grain size is a key parameter affecting the superelasticity of shape memory alloys. Previous studies on NiTi, Fe-based, and Cu-based SMAs confirm that altering grain size effectively regulates superelasticity. Current research on the influence of grain size on the superelasticity of CuZr shape memory alloys (SMAs) is relatively sparse. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the effect of grain size on the superelasticity of CuZr SMAs through uniaxial loading–unloading tests. Polycrystalline samples with grain sizes of 6.59 nm, 5 nm, and 4 nm were analyzed. The results indicate that reducing grain size can decrease the irrecoverable strain, thereby enhancing superelasticity. The improvement in superelasticity is attributed to a higher recovery rate of the martensite-to-austenite transformation, allowing more plastic deformation within the grain interior to recover during unloading, and thereby reducing the irrecoverable strain. The recovery rate of the martensite-to-austenite transformation is closely related to the elastic strain energy accumulated within the grain interior during loading.
A Low-Noise CMOS Transimpedance-Limiting Amplifier for Dynamic Range Extension
Authors: Park Somi , Lee Sunkyung , Seo Bobin , Jung Dukyoo , Choi Seonhan , Park Sung-Min
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a low-noise CMOS transimpedance-limiting amplifier (CTLA) for application in LiDAR sensor systems. The proposed CTLA employs a dual-feedback architecture that combines the passive and active feedback mechanisms simultaneously, thereby enabling automatic limiting operations for input photocurrents exceeding 100 µApp (up to 1.06 mApp) without introducing signal distortions. This design methodology can eliminate the need for a power-hungry multi-stage limiting amplifier, hence significantly improving the power efficiency of LiDAR sensors. The practical implementation for this purpose is to insert a simple NMOS switch between the on-chip avalanche photodiode (APD) and the active feedback amplifier, which then can provide automatic on/off switching in response to variations of the input currents. In particular, the feedback resistor in the active feedback path should be carefully optimized to guarantee the circuit’s robustness and stability. To validate its practicality, the proposed CTLA chips were fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process, demonstrating a transimpedance gain of 88.8 dBΩ, a −3 dB bandwidth of 629 MHz, a noise current spectral density of 2.31 pA/√Hz, an input dynamic range of 56.6 dB, and a power dissipation of 23.6 mW from a single 1.8 V supply. The chip core was realized within a compact area of 180 × 50 µm2. The proposed CTLA shows a potential solution that is well-suited for power-efficient LiDAR sensor systems in real-world scenarios.
Distinct Intraspecies Variation of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis in Acne Vulgaris and Healthy Skin
Authors: Hamann Tina , Brüggemann Holger , Feidenhansl Cecilie , Rruci Erinda , Gallinger Julia , Gallinat Stefan , Hüpeden Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Human skin hosts a diverse array of microorganisms that contribute to its health. Key players in the facial skin microbiome include Cutibacterium acnes and staphylococci, whose colonization patterns may influence dermatological conditions like acne vulgaris. This study examined the facial microbiome composition of 29 individuals, including 14 with moderate to severe acne and 15 with healthy skin, using single locus sequence typing (SLST) amplicon sequencing. The results showed a shift in the relative abundances of C. acnes phylotypes: SLST types A, C, and F were increased in acne, while types H, K, and L were reduced compared to healthy skin. Among staphylococci, the relative abundance of S. epidermidis, S. capitis, and S. saphrophyticus increased in acne, while S. saccharolyticus and S. hominis decreased. The amplicon sequencing approach could also identify a population shift of S. epidermidis: a specific S. epidermidis phylogenetic lineage (type 3) was reduced in acne, while two abundant lineages (types 1 and 2) were elevated. These findings suggest that distinct phylogenetic lineages of both C. acnes and S. epidermidis are linked to healthy versus diseased skin, highlighting a potential role for both microorganisms in disease prevention and aggravation, respectively.
Modified Analyses of Trace Elements in Glass Beads by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS): Application for Particular Silicate Rocks
Authors: Kozmenko Olga A. , Deviatiiarova Anna S. , Ragozin Alexey L. , Sokol Ella V. , Karputin Ivan S. , Sokol Alexander G.
Published: January 2025

Laser ablation combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the analysis of trace elements in specially prepared glass beads is adapted to silicate rocks of unusual compositions. The modified technique is applied to standard samples and garnet-rich combustion metamorphic rocks (paralavas) from the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Thirty-two to thirty-five minor and trace elements, including high field strength elements, rare earth elements and Y, are determined in 5–8 mg powder aliquots of samples with large ranges of major-, minor-, and trace-element contents. As the first step of the study, the composition of the NIST SRM 612, BCR-2, and AGV-2 reference materials is analyzed to assess the accuracy and precision of analytical data. The results for standard samples agree well with the compiled estimates (3.5 to 12.4% relative standard deviation) for all elements except Cu (18.1%). The following step is to analyze, with the same procedure, the glass beads of paralava, which are remarkable due to their high trace-element loading. Good agreement (70%–100%) with the compositions determined previously by aqueous nebulizer mode ICP-MS confirms that the method is a promising tool for the rapid and precise analysis of compositionally complex materials available in small amounts.
Stylolites in Carbonate Rocks: Morphological Variability According to the Host Rock Texture
Authors: Magni Silvana , Martín-Martín Juan Diego , Bons Paul D. , Gomez-Rivas Enrique
Published: January 2025

Stylolites are ubiquitous structures in carbonates that present a variety of morphologies. Besides being important structures in terms of rock compaction and deformation, stylolites control limestone permeability, which is influenced by their morphology and arrangement in connected networks. This study characterizes stylolite morphological parameters, such as length, thickness, filling by insoluble material, spacing and connectivity, to provide quantitative data on the relationships between stylolite morphology and carbonate host rock textures. A collection of thin sections from a variety of lithologies and geological settings was analyzed, showing that the stylolite length, thickness and morphology are interrelated and are controlled by the host rock textures. The results show that stylolite linearity, calculated as the ratio between the straight length and the length measured along the stylolite trace, varies according to the stylolite type. Higher stylolite thickness is observed in mud-dominated textures compared to grain-dominated ones but is independent of the stylolite type. There is no clear trend in terms of the amount of insoluble material collected by the stylolites and the rock texture or stylolite type. Analysis of stylolite spacing reveals that heterogeneity in grain size, grain sorting and composition controls stylolite formation.
Selective Flotation Separation of Chalcopyrite from Copper-Activated Pyrite and Pyrrhotite Using Oxidized Starch as Depressant
Authors: Bai Guangxing , Huang Chunyuan , Li Yonghao , Zhang Ming
Published: January 2025

The disadvantages of using lime to depress the flotation of copper-activated pyrite and pyrrhotite are well known. In this study, oxidized starch, prepared by the ozone nanobubble technology, was employed as an eco-friendly depressant for copper-activated pyrite and pyrrhotite in the flotation of chalcopyrite. Single mineral flotation showed that oxidized starch inhibited the flotation of copper-activated pyrite and pyrrhotite at pH 5.5 while having no significant impact on chalcopyrite flotation. Zeta potential and adsorption measurements, together with XPS analysis and EDTA extraction, were conducted to understand the mechanism underpinning the selective depression behavior of oxidized starch. It was found that oxidized starch had a stronger affinity for copper-activated pyrite and pyrrhotite than for chalcopyrite. The depression of pyrite and pyrrhotite by oxidized starch was due to the combined effect of the formation of hydrophilic Cu-starch complex and the oxidation of Cu(I) on their surfaces. Further, oxidized starch was examined in the flotation of an actual bulk sulfur concentrate where a comparable depression performance to that of lime was shown. This investigation may contribute to the greening of the chalcopyrite flotation process by demonstrating the promising potential of oxidized starch for copper-activated pyrite and pyrrhotite depression.
Boron Nitride-Supported Metal Catalysts for the Synthesis and Decomposition of Ammonia and Formic Acid
Authors: Yruela-Garrido Marta , Campos-Castellanos Eduardo , Morales María V. , Rodríguez-Ramos Inmaculada , Guerrero-Ruiz Antonio
Published: January 2025

This review explores the recent advancements in the application of boron nitride (BN) as a support material for metallic nanoparticles, highlighting its potential in fostering sustainable chemical reactions when employed as a heterogeneous catalyst. Two key processes, both critical to hydrogen storage and transport, are examined in detail. First, the reversible synthesis and decomposition of ammonia using BN-supported metallic catalysts has emerged as a promising technology. This approach facilitates the preparation of Ru nanoparticles with precisely structured surface atomic ensembles, such as B5 sites, which are critical for maximizing catalytic efficiency. Second, the review emphasizes the role of BN-supported catalysts in the production of formic acid (FA), a process intrinsically linked to the reuse of carbon dioxide. In this context, hydrogen and carbon dioxide—potentially sourced from atmospheric capture—serve as reactants. BN’s high CO2 adsorption capacity makes it an ideal support material for such applications. Moreover, FA can serve as a source of hydrogen through decomposition or as a precursor to alternative chemicals like carbon monoxide (CO) via dehydration, further underscoring its versatility in sustainable catalysis.
A Review of the Impact of Graphene Oxide on Cement Composites
Authors: Hu Ze-Yuan , Wan Yi , Duan Yan-Jun , Shi Ye-Hui , Gu Chun-Ping , Ma Rui , Dong Jian-Jun , Cui Dong
Published: January 2025

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted significant attention as a nano-reinforcement for cement-based materials, owing to its exceptional mechanical properties and abundant surface functional groups. However, the precise mechanisms governing its effects in cement composites remain inadequately understood due to inconsistencies and gaps in the existing literature. This review conducts a comprehensive analysis of the dispersion and reinforcement effects of GO in cement materials, focusing on three key areas: (1) challenges associated with achieving uniform dispersion of GO in the high-pH environment of cement slurries and potential strategies to address them; (2) the influence of GO on the macroscopic properties of cementitious composites, including workability, load-bearing capacity, flexural strength, fracture resistance, and durability; and (3) the reinforcement mechanisms of GO, encompassing its role in hydration kinetics, alterations to the calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) structure, and bonding interactions at the cement matrix interface. Furthermore, recent advancements in optimizing the dispersion and reinforcement effects of GO, such as surface modification techniques, are explored, emphasizing its potential for multifunctional and intelligent applications. This review aims to provide engineering professionals with the latest insights into the application of graphene oxide as a nano-reinforcement in cement-based composites, while offering valuable guidance and direction for future research in this field.
Medical Nutrition Therapy and Physical Exercise for Acute and Chronic Hyperglycemic Patients with Sarcopenia
Authors: Abad-González Ángel Luis , Veses Silvia , Argente Pla María , Civera Miguel , García-Malpartida Katherine , Sánchez Carlos , Artero Ana , Palmas Fiorella , Perelló Eva , Salom Christian , Yun Wu Xiong Ning , Joaquim Clara
Published: January 2025

A wide range of factors contribute to the overlap of hyperglycemia—acute or chronic—and sarcopenia, as well as their associated adverse consequences, which can lead to impaired physical function, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality risk. These factors include malnutrition (both overnutrition and undernutrition) and low levels of physical activity. Hyperglycemia and sarcopenia are interconnected through a vicious cycle of events that mutually reinforce and worsen each other. To explore this association, our review compiles evidence on: (i) the impact of hyperglycemia on motor and muscle function, with a focus on the mechanisms underlying biochemical changes in the muscles of individuals with or at risk of diabetes and sarcopenia; (ii) the importance of the clinical assessment and control of sarcopenia under hyperglycemic conditions; and (iii) the potential benefits of medical nutrition therapy and increased physical activity as muscle-targeted treatments for this population. Based on the reviewed evidence, we conclude that a regular intake of key functional nutrients, together with structured and supervised resistance and/or aerobic physical activity, can help maintain euglycemia and improve muscle status in all patients with hyperglycemia and sarcopenia.
Soil Legacy Effects of Chromolaena odorata and Biochar Remediation Depend on Invasion Intensity
Authors: Li Jiajun , Zheng Yulong , Chang Shukui , Li Yangping , Wang Yi , Chang Xue , Li Weitao
Published: January 2025

The increasing threat of biological invasion poses significant challenges to global ecosystems, necessitating urgent management measures. This study investigated the potential of biochar derived from invasive plant Chromolaena odorata, produced through anaerobic digestion, as a tool for mitigating the soil legacy effects of this species and restoring the plant community. Soil samples were collected from artificially constructed plots of invasive plant communities and were subjected to treatments with different levels of fungicide and biochar addition. Potted plant communities replicating the original species composition were established, and biomass were used to evaluate the effectiveness of soil restoration. Our results demonstrated that soil sterilization enhanced plant biomass, with invasive plants showing a more pronounced increase compared to native species, indicating different responses to the soil biota. The addition of biochar influenced plant biomass, with an optimal biochar concentration of 2% of the soil mass, promoting the growth of native plants. The application of biochar in conjunction with soil sterilization facilitated the restoration of native communities in areas with low invasion intensity. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the potential of biochar-based strategies for managing invasive plants and restoring ecosystems, underscoring the necessity for further research to optimize field applications and evaluate ecological impacts.
Steady Shear Rheology and Surface Activity of Polymer-Surfactant Mixtures
Authors: Lu Qiran , Pal Rajinder
Published: January 2025

Understanding the interactions between polymers and surfactants is critical for designing advanced fluid systems used in applications such as enhanced oil recovery, drilling, and chemical processing. This study examines the effects of five surfactants: two anionic (Stepanol WA-100 and Stepwet DF-95), one cationic (HTAB), one zwitterionic (Amphosol CG), and one non-ionic (Alfonic 1412-3 Ethoxylate), on the steady shear rheology and surface activity of two polymers, namely cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose based polymer (LR-400) and anionic polyacrylamide based polymer (Praestol 2540TR). The polymer-surfactant solutions behave as shear-thinning fluids and follow the power-law model. Anionic surfactants exhibit a strong effect on the rheology of cationic polymer LR-400 solution. The consistency index rises sharply with the increase in surfactant concentration. Also, the solutions become highly shear-thinning with the increase in surfactant concentration. The effects of other surfactants on the rheology of cationic polymer solution are small to modest. None of the surfactants investigated exhibit a strong influence on the rheology of anionic polymer Praestol 2540TR. Only weak to modest effects of surfactants are observed on the rheology of anionic polymers. The surface tension of the polymer-surfactant solution decreases with the increase in surfactant concentration. Zwitterionic surfactant Amphosol CG is found to be most effective in reducing the surface tension at a given concentration in ppm. This surfactant also raises the electrical conductivity of the solution to the largest extent. From the changes in slope of surface tension versus surfactant concentration plots, the approximate values of critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and polymer saturation point (PSP) are estimated.
Biodegradable Film Is Enriched with Pomegranate Seed Oil and Microalgae for Preservation of Cajarana (Spondias dulcis)
Authors: Alves Kalinny A. , Araújo Railene H. C. R. , Silva Adriano S. , Almeida Evanilson S. , Oliveira Ágda M. F. , Rocha Nayara S. , Araújo Max C. , Gusmão Thaisa A. S. , Lima José F. , Delgado João M. P. Q. , Pereira Joseane F. , Santos Romário S. , Lima Antonio G. B.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to develop and characterize biodegradable films made from pectin, pomegranate seed oil, and different microalgae (Spirulina platensis, Chlorella sp., and Scenedesmus obliquus) and to evaluate their applicability as packaging by verifying their effect on the conservation and postharvest quality of cajarana (Spondias dulcis). The films proposed in this study were assessed for their physical, optical, and mechanical attributes, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits coated with the films after 14 days of storage at 10 ± 1 °C and relative humidity of 60 ± 5%. Incorporating microalgae improved the homogeneity and mechanical properties, decreasing breaking stress, elastic modulus, and maximum tensile strength, contributing to a lower solubility and improving the barrier properties of the films compared to the control (T1). The film formulated with 6% citric pectin, 40% glycerin, 0.5 mL·L−1 pomegranate seed oil (PSO), and 0.05% Scenedesmus obliquus showed better performance in solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), and mechanical properties, maintaining gloss and transparency, approaching the performance of the commercial PVC film. The film was formulated with 6% pectin + 40% glycerin + 0.5 mL·L−1 PSO + 0.05% Chlorella sp. maintained the postharvest quality of cajarana fruits, allowing the conservation of the physicochemical quality of the fruits after 14 days of storage at 10 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5% RH.
Interwell Connectivity Analysis Method Based on Injection–Production Data Time and Space Scale Coupling
Authors: Ye Hong , Deng Jibin , Ma Jianjie , Zhang Kai , Li Yujia , Zhang Huaqing , Zhong Kang
Published: January 2025

In this paper, aiming at the challenges of injection–production optimization, especially the contradiction between injection and production in water flooding development of oil and gas fields in China, an interwell connectivity analysis method (TAGNN) based on the time–space scale coupling of injection–production data is proposed. This method uses the existing injection–production well data, combined with the reservoir system seepage mechanics law, to quantitatively characterize and evaluate the interwell connectivity, which overcomes the limitations of traditional methods. The TAGNN method introduces asymmetric time alignment and advanced feature extraction technology to solve the problem of asymmetric injection–production data in time dimension, and considers the spatio-temporal scale coupling characteristics of injection–production data, which can capture the temporal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of data at the same time. The experimental results showed that this method more accurately reflected the interwell connectivity status and improved the fitting and prediction accuracy, compared with the existing GNN method. This method can promote the effective injection of water from the injection well to the production well and optimize the injection production structure and development plan, thereby improving the recovery rate.
Development of a Rehabilitation Apparatus for Frozen Shoulder Enabling Total Motion of Shoulder Complex
Authors: Sun Xiao , Makino Koji , Kurita Daichi , Kaneko Hiromi , Ishida Kazuyoshi , Terada Hidetsugu
Published: January 2025

This article describes an apparatus developed by the authors as a substitution for physical therapists regarding mechanical movements in the rehabilitation of frozen shoulder. In particular, the performance of this apparatus is improved in comparison with existing methods in terms of the following two major points: (1) realization of individual rehabilitation for the patient’s scapula by an innovative parallel–serial hybrid linkage design and supporting parts that can fix and move the patient’s scapula; and (2) the addition of a “teaching” and “playback” mode to enable the apparatus to record the motion of rehabilitation, allowing it to be customized for each patient by physical therapists and reproduce the recorded motion accurately, thus freeing physical therapists from repetitive rehabilitation routines. With the introduction of the whole system, experimental results are shown and discussed to verify and evaluate the performance of the developed apparatus.
A Machine Learning Algorithm to Convert Geostationary Satellite LST to Air Temperature Using In Situ Measurements: A Case Study in Rome and High-Resolution Spatio-Temporal UHI Analysis
Authors: Cecilia Andrea , Casasanta Giampietro , Petenko Igor , Argentini Stefania
Published: January 2025

Air temperature (Ta) measurements are crucial for characterizing phenomena like the urban heat island (UHI), which can create critical conditions in cities during summer. This study aims to develop a machine learning-based model, namely gradient boosting, to estimate Ta from geostationary satellite LST data and to apply these estimates to investigate UHI dynamics. Using Rome, Italy, as a case study, the model was trained with Ta data from 15 weather stations, taking multi-temporal LST values (instantaneous and lagged up to 4 h) and additional predictors. The model achieved an overall RMSE of 0.9 °C. The resulting Ta fields, with a 3 km spatial and hourly temporal resolution, enabled a detailed analysis of UHI intensity and dynamics during the summers of 2019–2020, significantly enhancing the spatial and temporal detail compared to previous studies based solely on in situ data. The results also revealed a slightly higher nocturnal UHI intensity than previously reported, attributed to the inclusion of rural areas with near-zero imperviousness, thanks to the complete mapping of Ta across the domain now accessible.
Use of a Novel Passive E-Nose to Monitor Fermentable Prebiotic Fiber Consumption
Authors: Kosinski Lawrence , Engen Phillip A. , Swanson Barbara , Villanueva Michelle , Shaikh Maliha , Green Stefan J. , Naqib Ankur , Hamaker Bruce , Cantu-Jungles Thaisa M. , Keshavarzian Ali
Published: January 2025

We developed a home-based electronic nose (E-Nose) to passively monitor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted following bowel movements and assessed its validity by correlating the output with prebiotic fiber intake. Healthy, non-overweight participants followed a three-week protocol which included the following: (1) installing the E-Nose in their bathroom; (2) activating the device following each bowel movement; (3) recording their dietary intake; (4) consuming a fiber bar (RiteCarbs) containing a blend of 10 g of prebiotic fiber daily during weeks two and three; and (5) submit stool specimens at the beginning and end of the study for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. Participants’ fecal microbiome displayed significantly increased relative abundance of putative total SCFA-producing genera (p = 0.0323) [total acetate-producing genera (p = 0.0214), total butyrate-producing genera (p = 0.0131)] and decreased Gram-negative proinflammatory genera (p = 0.0468). Prebiotic intervention significantly increased the participants’ fiber intake (p = 0.0152), E-Nose Min/Max (p = 0.0339), and area over the curve in VOC–to–fiber output (p = 0.0044). Increased fiber intake was negatively associated (R2 = 0.53, p = 0.026) with decreased relative abundance of putative Gram-negative proinflammatory genera. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that a prototype E-Nose can noninvasively detect a direct connection between fiber intake and VOC outputs in a home-based environment.
Influence of the Camera Viewing Angle on OpenPose Validity in Motion Analysis
Authors: Baldinger Melanie , Reimer Lara Marie , Senner Veit
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: With human pose estimation on the rise in the field of biomechanics, the need for scientific investigation of those algorithms is becoming evident. The validity of several of those algorithms has been presented in the literature. However, there is only limited research investigating the applicability of human pose estimation outside the lab. The aim of this research was to quantify the effect of deviating from the standard camera setup used in biomechanics research. (2) Methods: Video data from four camera viewing angles were recorded and keypoints estimated using OpenPose. Kinematic data were compared against a gold-standard marker-based motion capture system to quantify the effect of the camera viewing angle on the validity of joint angle estimation of the knee, hip, elbow and shoulder joints. (3) Results: The results of this study showed reasonable correlations between the joint angles of OpenPose and the gold standard, except for the shoulder. However, the analysis also revealed significant biases when comparing the joint angles inferred from the different viewing angles. In general, back-viewing cameras performed best and resulted in the lowest percental deviations. (4) Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the importance of conducting a detailed examination of individual movements before proposing specific camera angles for users in diverse settings.
Aircraft Sensor Fault Diagnosis Based on GraphSage and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Li Zhongzhi , Ma Jinyi , Fan Rong , Zhao Yunmei , Ai Jianliang , Dong Yiqun
Published: January 2025

Aircraft sensors are crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of aircraft. However, these sensors are vulnerable to external factors that can lead to malfunctions, making fault diagnosis essential. Traditional deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods often face challenges, such as limited data representation and insufficient feature extraction. To address these problems, this paper proposes an enhanced GraphSage-based fault diagnosis method that incorporates attention mechanisms. First, signal data representing the coupling characteristics of various sensors are constructed through data stacking. These signals are then transformed into graph data with a specific topology reflecting the overall sensor status of the aircraft using K-nearest neighbor and Radius classification algorithms. This approach helps fully leverage the correlations between data points. Next, node and neighbor information is aggregated through graph sampling and attention-based aggregation methods, strengthening the extraction of fault features. Finally, fault diagnosis is performed using multi-layer aggregation and transformation within fully connected layers. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms baseline approaches, achieving better detection performance and faster computational speed. The method has been validated on both simulated and real-flight data.
Relationship Between Cognitive Abilities and Lower-Limb Movements: Can Analyzing Gait Parameters and Movements Help Detect Dementia? A Systematic Review
Authors: Aditya Swapno , Armitage Lucy , Clarke Adam , Traynor Victoria , Pappas Evangelos , Kanchanawong Thanaporn , Lee Winson Chiu-Chun
Published: January 2025

Identifying and diagnosing cognitive impairment remains challenging. Some diagnostic procedures are invasive, expensive, and not always accurate. Meanwhile, evidence suggests that cognitive impairment is associated with changes in gait parameters. Certain gait parameters manifesting differences between people with and without cognitive impairment are more pronounced when adding a secondary task (dual-task scenario). In this systematic review, the capability of gait analysis to identify cognitive impairment is investigated. Twenty-three studies published between 2014 and 2024 met the inclusion criteria. A significantly lower gait speed and cadence as well as higher gait variability were found in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or dementia, compared with the group with no cognitive impairment. While dual tasks appeared to amplify the differences between the two populations, the type of secondary tasks (e.g., calculations and recalling phone numbers) had an effect on gait changes. The activity and volume of different brain regions were also different between the two populations during walking. In conclusion, while this systematic review supported the potential of using gait analysis to identify cognitive impairment, there are a number of parameters researchers need to consider such as gait variables to be studied, types of dual tasks, and analysis of brain changes while performing the movement tasks.
Configuration Paths for High-Quality Development of Listed Companies Based on the TOE Framework: Evidence from China’s High-Tech Enterprises
Authors: Qian Min , Yang Jiameng , Qiu Mengyuan
Published: January 2025

In the context of dual-carbon goals, high-quality development has become an inevitable trend for technology enterprises. This study employs a dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method, based on the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework theory, and a configurational analysis perspective. Using panel data from Chinese listed high- and new-technology enterprises from 2013 to 2022 as the research sample, this study explores the combinatorial paths that drive high-quality development. The research findings are as follows: (1) The antecedent factors for high-quality development exhibit “multiple concurrent” characteristics, and a single condition does not constitute a necessary condition. (2) Based on the three driving paths for high-quality development, three models can be summarized under the synergistic effects of different antecedent conditions: “multi-factor influence type”, “green-innovation-led type”, and “digital-technology-driven type”. Regardless of the path, R&D investment and enterprise scale are indispensable driving factors. (3) Under specific objective endowment conditions, continuous digital transformation by enterprises can alleviate the challenges caused by market competition deficiencies. When enterprise executives possess a high level of green cognition, they can compensate for inadequate environmental regulations. Therefore, enterprises need to enhance scale and R&D investment, based on existing endowments, and shift from a single-factor influence concept to a comprehensive selection approach.
A Long-Term Perspective of Seasonal Shifts in Nutrient Dynamics and Eutrophication in the Romanian Black Sea Coast
Authors: Ristea Elena , Bisinicu Elena , Lavric Vasile , Parvulescu Oana Cristina , Lazar Luminita
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the long-term seasonal shifts in nutrient dynamics and eutrophication processes in the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters using multi-decadal data (1960/1976/1980–2023). The findings highlight significant seasonal and interannual changes, revealing a progressive rise in seawater temperature, declining oxygen concentrations, and notable shifts in nutrient stoichiometry, particularly an increasing nitrogen–phosphorus (N:P) ratio. These changes are closely associated with increased occurrences of harmful algal blooms (Noctiluca scintillans), emphasizing the complex relationship between warming, nutrient and dissolved oxygen cycles, and biological activity. Seasonal patterns show that prolonged warmer periods, especially during autumn, exacerbate oxygen depletion and nutrient imbalances, with implications for marine life and food webs. The study underscores the importance of targeted nitrogen reduction strategies, including optimized fertilizer use, improved wastewater treatment, and the establishment of buffer zones to minimize land-based nutrient inputs. Regional cooperation and integrated coastal management aligned with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive are essential for mitigating eutrophication. The results provide critical insights into the impacts of climate change on the Black Sea ecosystems. This research contributes to global efforts under SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), addressing the key challenges to marine biodiversity, water quality, and ecosystem sustainability.
Investigating the Role of Environmental Taxes, Green Finance, Natural Resources, Human Capital, and Economic Growth on Environmental Pollution Using Panel Quantile Regression
Authors: Guan Xuemei , Hassan Afnan , A. Nassani Abdelmohsen
Published: January 2025

Natural resources (NRs) are important for the operation of any economy and are crucial for preserving environmental quality. However, the persistent utilization of NRs has led to a severe deterioration of environmental quality. This presents a vulnerability to the steadiness of the ecosystem, emphasizing the urgent requirement to achieve a harmonious equilibrium concerning the utilization of NRs and the conservation of environmental quality. Environmental taxes (ETs), green finance (GF), and the cultivation of a proficient workforce dedicated to achieving sustainable development are essential for attaining equilibrium and advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aim to investigate the impact of NR, ET, GF, and the human capital index (HCI) on environmental pollution (PM2.5, CH4, CO2, and N2O) in the G20 countries from 2000 to 2022. This study employs a novel and cutting-edge MMQR methodology, offering distinct perspectives that diverge from the conclusions of previous research. The study’s findings suggest that excessive use of NRs contributes to the degradation of environmental quality. ET, GF, and economic growth help to improve environmental quality, but HCI has a harmful impact. The paper proposes that the establishment and enforcement of environmental regulations are crucial for attaining ecological integrity and meeting SDGs 7, 12, and 13.