bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space radar terrain survey and the joint flight of a spacecraft pair
Authors: Paul V.G. , Simonov A.V.
Published: August 2020

The paper considers the concept of space radar monitoring complex performing Earth observation by two spacecrafts according to the technology of synthesized aperture in an interferometry scheme that allows obtaining a global high-precision digital model of the Earth’s relief. The first key problem when creating the complex is the development of an algorithm for determining the heights of the resulting image relative to the relativity surface. Unlike the traditional interferometer scheme using angular coordinates, radar gives the current coordinates of all points involved in the measurement scheme. This allows new algorithm using the difference between two space phase measurements of the downrange to the same surface element to be proposed. Both measurements are performed from two points of common position, spaced apart and representing the interferometry base. As a result, a simple estimate of the potential accuracy of altitude measurement and conditions of its implementation required for the structural scheme of space interferometry are obtained. The second key problem is the arranging coordinated kinematics of the flight of two spacecrafts, forming the base of the space interferometer with the orientation and dimensions that provide the necessary accuracy of altitude measurement. It is shown that both problems are systemically interrelated and the selection of principal solutions to optimize the complex as a whole requires simultaneous consideration and interdisciplinary coordination of the requirements determined by the specifics of each of the two problems. The technique for preliminary project evaluation of results obtained from the orbital group, visually representing all the relationships between individual characteristics of key problem areas of the complex and output target indicators of its work is proposed. The characteristics of the passive flight of spacecraft pair and the conditions for the obtaining high-quality interferometer measurement are considered. It is shown that these conditions are ensured only for a certain part of the orbit, resulting in decreasing efficiency of using the orbital group flight time, and the global survey of the planet relief takes about a year. In this context the possibility of using a small radial thrust applied for a long enough time exceeding a day is shown. As a result, the measurement conditions are stabilized, and the duration of the global survey of the planet relief is reduced to a few months. In addition, the efficiency of using the flight time of the orbital group increases, which allows performing Earth sounding using other possible programs.
Obtaining the specified electrophysical parameters of In0,01Ga0,99As:(Zn/Si) layers of solar cells in the epitaxial process from the gas phase
Authors: Lebedev A.A. , Smirnov A.A. , Naumova A.A. , Vagapova N.T. , Zhalnin B.V.
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the results of studying the electrophysical characteristics (conductivity and concentration of the main charge carriers) of In0.01Ga0.99As layers of the middle cascade and other structural parts of the space-based InGaP/InGaAs/Ge solar cell depending on the doping type and level specified during epitaxial growth from the gas phase by varying the supply parameters of the sources of Si and Zn impurities. The studies were performed using X-ray diffractometry, non-contact conductivity measurement, electrochemical C–V profilometry, van der Pau method (Hall effect). A linear dependence of the main charge carrier concentration in the layer on the fraction of the doping precursor in the gas mixture was confirmed. The proportionality coefficients were determined for silicon and its disilane precursor, for zinc and its dimethylzinc precursor. The results of the dopant distribution uniformity study are shown and discussed as well as the assumptions about the effects of the temperature field gradient and the stress state in the layer and substrate.
Dialectics Between Religion and Culture (Sculptor ’S Reception Towards the Hadith About Carving Statue in Prumpung Magelang)
Authors: Mustofa Ahmad
Published: August 2020

Islam as a doctrine has a unique relationship with culture. The uniqueness was emerging when Islam as a doctrine has to confront a tradition living in a community. This study discusses how the sculptors in Prumpung Magelang negotiate and compromise betwen the two of opposite entities in the comunity, that is (1) religious doctrines (sourced from authoritative texts) about the prohibition of crafting the image of living being, and (2) cultural and artistic practices of making living being as perfect objects of artistic passion. This research attempts to explore and understand the creative reasoning model of some sculptors in the area of Prumpung Magelang when they have to appreciate their artistic passion in sculpture without having to confront the meaning of authoritative texts. Through a reception theory approach, this research concluded that the compromise and negoitation of two opposite entities which often creates polemics in the community can be accommodated in a work of art with objects of living things but still within the corridors and boundaries allowed by the text authority (hadith).
Encountering the Religious Radicalism Movement Through Reconstructing the Multicultural Theology and Its Implication For Christian Leaders in Indonesia
Authors: Sudarmanto Gunaryo , Latumahina Dina Elisabeth
Published: August 2020

This research aims to create a harmonious relationship among different religions in Indonesia. This aim is reached through reconstructing a multicultural theology based on biblical understanding. The multicultural theology is a biblical principle that be constructed in balancing between Old Testament and New Testament, between general revelation and special revelation. By exposing the general revelation based on theocentric dimension, we found general principles about how to make a good relationship among people in their differences, according to God’s perspective. At the same time, multicultural theology also exposes particular revelation principles centered upon the Christocentric dimension. This research is a qualitative study with a library approach. Data is analyzed by interpretation, critical thinking, and truth and healthy consideration based on the primary source.  We found a Christian value to be a foundation to make the relationship in harmony with other people. For this purpose we are proposing a theological framework designed from Biblical principles,   covering the following: (1) Cultural   Mandate, (2)  Human Nature, (3)  Theological principles: God’s  Sovereignty,  God’s  Providence and  God’s Justice, (4) Incarnation, (5) Universal Soteriology (6) Present Theocracy, (7) Church Nature and (8) Eschatological Multiculture. Christian leaders are central people that must create a relationship with other people in harmony. Through this way, the Christian leaders can engage the religious radicalism by doing good things and togetherness in social work.
Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Moscow before
and after the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination
Authors: Alyabyeva Natalia M. , Brzhozovskaya Ekaterina A. , Ponomarenko Olga A. , Lazareva Anna V. , Fisenko Andrey P.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. The formation and spread of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates is a concern. After the thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was added to the children’s immunization program in Russia in 2014, an important task is to monitor the resistance level to antimicrobials and the spectrum of circulating antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal serotypes. Materials and methods. The study included 708 nasopharyngeal pneumococcal isolates from children patients under 5 years who recovered from 2010 to 2018, received inpatient and outpatient care at the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health (Moscow). The determination of sensitivity to antimicrobials was performed by the disk diffusion method. The MICs of penicillin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin were determined using the E-test method. Evaluation of the results was carried out according to the EUCAST-2019 criteria. Results. In total, 33 different serotypes were identified in the S. pneumoniae collection. Six predominant serotypes accounted for 68.6% of the total distribution and included serotypes: 19F, 6B, 23F, 14, 15B/C, 6A. In general, antimicrobial resistance ranged from 3.5% to chloramphenicol to 54.8% to tetracycline. The level of resistance to oxacillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin increased by 15-20% between 2010 and 2018. However, since 2016, there has established a prevalence level of 40-46%, this process is offset by an increase in the proportion of non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes. Conclusion. A high level of resistance to penicillin and erythromycin remains. Monitoring the resistance level to antibiotics and the epidemiology of serotypes, clarifying the laws of formation of resistance, and its spread in a dynamically changing pneumococcal population is an important area of microbiology.
Biochemical indices of urine in children with allergic diseases of airways
Authors: Tush Elena V. , Obuhova Anna N. , Balabolkin Ivan I. , Haletskaya Olga V. , Stroganov Andrey B. , Eliseeva Tatyana I.
Published: August 2020

Currently, unsatisfactory control of the course of allergic diseases of airways (ADA) remains. There is data on the potential involvement of urate and oxalate metabolism in the pathogenesis of ADA, which determines the need to study the corresponding biomarkers. Aim of the work - to evaluate the daily urinary excretion of urates and oxalates in ADA children. Materials and methods. We examined 100 children aged 2 to 9 years, boys - 22, girls - 78, with symptoms of crystalluria. The children were divided into the main group (42 children) and the comparison group (58 people). The main group included patients with established diagnoses of ADA, and the comparison group included patients without ADA. A biochemical study of daily urine was performed in all cases. Results. It was found that the daily excretion of oxalates in ADA patients was significantly increased compared to the control, 26.5 [22.1; 32.6] mg/day and 23.3 [20.1; 27.6] mg/day, respectively. Daily urate excretion in patients of the main group was also significantly increased compared to the control, both in absolute numbers - 1.45 [1.13; 2.13] mmol/day and 1.17 [0.89; 1.5] mmol/day, respectively (p = 0.005), and in normalized to the body surface area units. Conclusion. A statistically significant increase in daily urate excretion was found in ADA children. The clinical and pathogenetic significance of this phenomenon in children with ADA requires further study.
Macronutrient composition of diets in vegetarian children
Authors: Yasakov Dmitry S. , Makarova Svetlana G. , Fisenko Andrey P. , Chumbadze Tamara R.
Published: August 2020

Background. The growing popularity of vegetarianism in the world also affects the growth of the number of families choosing this type of diet. Adherence to a vegetarian diet in children is a concern due to the high risks of macro- and micronutrient deficiencies. Increasing interest in vegetarian diets is also relevant for our country, but there is currently no data on the prevalence of vegetarianism among children in Russia. Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional controlled study of indices of physical development, body component composition, and macronutrient composition of diets in vegetarian and non-vegetarian children. The physical development of vegetarian children was assessed using the «Anthro Plus», the macronutrient composition of diets was assessed using the special computer software, body composition was assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results. 24% of vegetarian children had physical deviations: reduced body weight (6.3%), reduced body length (1.9%), mild malnutrition (13.3%), moderate malnutrition (1.3%), severe malnutrition (0.6%), overweight (5.1%). The assessment of the body composition showed statistically lower values of % ACM (p = 0.004) and phase angle (p = 0.005) in vegetarian children. 95% of the vegetarian children had an inadequate composition of the diet: both insufficient and excessive consumption of protein, fat, and carbohydrates. Low consumption of all macronutrients was found in 15% of vegetarian children. Children who received a vegan diet consumed protein with food statistically significantly lower, compared with lacto-and lacto-ovo-vegetarians (p < 0.005), but statistically more often consumed a high level of carbohydrates. High fat intake was found in most vegetarian children, especially children under 12 years. Conclusion. The results of the study showed the need to raise awareness of vegetarian parents about the nutritional risks associated with a vegetarian diet, and to make an adequate diet for their children.
Effect of brine time on quality of wet-salted fish
Authors: Majid Zuliyan Agus Nur Muchlis , Rohmanna Novianti Adi , Robbani Syifa’
Published: August 2020

Stingrays or Dasyatis sp. was one kind of fishery commodities. This product was perishable, so it required careful handling through the handling process. Fish preservation was an alternative that can be applied. This study aimed to protect the fresh fish quality throughout the handling process before it was processed further. This research method used the wet-salting method. The principle of this method was to keep the product for a long time in brine for 0h (control/fresh fish), 1h, 2h, and 3h. The analysis achieve was TVB-N, TMA, TPC, total crude protein, and pH. The effect of time in brine on the result showed significant variation with p-value < 0.05. pH value was significantly correlated with TVB-N and total protein, while, TPC was significantly correlated with total crude protein. These conclusions, the fish product for 1h in brine was the best treatment.
The Effects of Some Ameliorant on Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and Total Chlorophyll on Sweet Corn Growth with Raised-Bed Soil Materials
Authors: Mulyawan Ronny , Saidy Akhmad Rizali , Zulhidiani Rahmi
Published: August 2020

The raised-bed soil is a land management technology in South Kalimantan. Adding Ameliorant to the raised-bed soil as an effort to increase the utilization of support for the cultivation land. Chlorophyll or leaf green substances found in all green plants that carry out photosynthesis. Ameliorant applications can increase the chlorophyll content of plants to optimize plant growth. This study aims to look at the effect of giving several types of ameliorant to the content of chlorophyll (chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll) and the growth of corn planted on raised-bed soil. This research is an experiment in the laboratory and a greenhouse. This research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Single Factor with the treatment tested was the type of ameliorant soil without treatment (control - K), soil + agricultural lime (dolomite - C), soil + palm empty fruit bunch ash (S), soil + rice husk ash (P) and soil + coal ash (B). All treatments were repeated 5 (five) replications so that there would be 25 units of the experiment. The results showed that the application of ameliorant in raised-bed soil using dolomite and oil palm empty fruit bunches ash with a dose of 5 tons ha-1 affected the content of chlorophyll-a and total chlorophyll in the growth of corn planted in raised-bed soil materials.
CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING WITHIN TENNIS BILINGUAL CLASS
Authors: Nurrachmad Limpad
Published: August 2020

The internationalization of institutions proclaimed by Universitas Negeri Semarang has led to the emergence of bilingual class program in every study program. The challenge faced when there are bilingual classes is the ability of lecturers in several majors to provide courses in both English and Bahasa. This study aims at answering the challenges currently faced by UNNES when providing a bilingual class. Then, it is to illustrate and describe the implementation of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) on the tennis class at the Faculty of Sport Science. The result show that combination of CLIL and SFL was chosen because CLIL teaching method has two simultaneous focuses on content and language while SFL is a teaching method emphasizing the deconstruction of academic genres texts as well as explicit teaching on text features. It is expexted that the combination of the two can produce teaching methods that emphasize course material and mastery of English as a medium of instruction in a balance and easier to understand due to the explicit deconstruction of academic texts.
Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Focus & Scope, Table of Contents)
Authors: Firmansyah Dian Bayu
Published: August 2020

Jurnal Ilmiah Lingua Idea, Vol 10, Issue 2, December 2019
“Stress Role Overload Model” towards Work Family Conflict and Teachers Performance
Authors: Perwita Dyah , Laksana Rio Dhani , Mayasari Viviana
Published: August 2020

This research was conducted to determine the factors that affect the stress role overload that occurs in women teachers who have experienced work family conflict and impact on the performance of teachers in school. Data collection is done empirically through teachers in some of the state high School of Banyumas and Banjarnegara district. The research approach used is a quantitative approach. Data collection conducted with survey questionnaire and purposive sampling method. The sample criteria is (1) The respondent must be married, (2) The respondent has a child, (3) is a dual career pair/have a partner who also works. The result of the spread of sample questionnaire that deserves to be processed and analysis amounted to 134 respondents. The research approach utilizes an in-role-performance approach and an extra-role-performance testing Model and hypothesis using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) equation analysis technique. The results showed that role overload has positive effect on teacher performance, family support has positive effect on teacher performance, teacher certification positively affects teacher performance and work family conflict does not affect in-role-performance or extra-role-performance.
Characteristics of Gel Emulsion Formulation of Snakehead (Channa Micropeltes) As Wound Healer
Authors: Firlianty Firlianty , Anwar Choirul , Najamuddin Anang , Pratasik Silvester B.
Published: August 2020

This study is aimed to know the characteristics and the effectivity of gel emulsion of snakehead (Channa micropeltes) extract in accelerating wound healing process. It used experimental method with Complete Randomized Design. Four treatments with 3 replications were employed, i.e. 1%, 2%, and 4% gel emulsion of snakehead Channa micropeltes extract and a control treatment. Results showed that C. micropeltes extract formulated in gel emulsion had white colour, typical aroma of gel emulsion, soft texture with mean dispersion ability of 3 cm, and pH 6. In vivo test on male mices that gel emulsion of C. micropeltes extract was highly effective (P≤0.05) to accelerate wound healing, in which the treatment of 1% gel emulsion gave the highest effect with 98.5% wound healing at day-14, followed with that of control treatment, 95% healing, then 2%, 90% healing and 4%, 90% healing, respectively. Snakehead (Channa micrpeltes) extract formulated in gel emulsion can speed up the wound healing process.
Transfer of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Gene to Betta splendens Embryos by Transfection and Electroporation Methods
Authors: Kusrini Eni , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Hayuningtyas Erma Primanita , Danupratama Syuhada Restu
Published: August 2020

Transfection and electroporation method shave a high possibility to apply towards transgenic production of small eggs size fish species.  This study aimed to examine the potential of transfection and electroporation methods to use for transferring a foreign gene into betta fish (Betta splendens) embryos using green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene as a model.  Fish were spawned naturally in the ratio of male: female was 1:1, then a total of 200 eggs were taken for each treatment.  Transfection was performed for 30 minutes (room temperature of about 25 °C) at two-cell stage of embryos using transfast reagent.  Transfection reaction consisted of 0.75 µL transfast reagent, 0.25 µL GFP expression vector (DNA concentration: 50 µg/µL) and 99 µL NaCl solution (concentration: 0,95%).  Electroporation was performed using 125 volt cm-1, 3 times pulse frequency at one second interval and pulse length of 7 micro seconds.  A volume of 800 µL GFP expression vector solution (DNA concentration: 50 µg/ µL) in PBS was used for electroporation.  The successful of foreign gene transfer was determined by PCR method with GFP specific primers.  The results showed that hatching rate of eggs in transfection treatment was 67.08%, while the electroporation was 72.09%.  Survival of larvae in transfection treatment was 73.00%, while the electroporation was 75.00%.  The results of PCR analysis showed that transfection method allowed 65% of the survived fish carrying GFP gene, whereas the electroporation method was 70%.  Thus, foreign gene transfer in betta fish can be conducted using the transfection and electroporation methods.
The Chemical Composition of Gracilaria verrucosa Extract and its Utilization on Survival and Growth Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Jasmanindar Yudiana , Sukenda Sukenda , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Junior Muhammad Zairin , Utomo Nur Bambang Priyo
Published: August 2020

The Gracilaria genus is a potential source of natural and environmentally-friendly alternatives in improving the survival and growth of shrimp. This study aims to identification immunostimulant molecules extract G. verrucosa and evaluate the utilization of G verrucosa extract as an immunostimulant in improving survival and growth of L. vannamei. Seaweed extraction used ethyl acetate then formulated in the diets. The immunostimulant molecule in the G. verrucosa was analysis. The shrimp were fed a test diet containing extract G. verrucosa at a dose of 2 g kg-1 or extract G. verrucosa-free control diets for 42 days. Shrimps were fed diets containing extract with a specific duration. The observation on the survival and growth of L. vannamei was performed after maintenance at the Laboratory for six weeks. Following, diets containing extract was tested in the field (pond shrimp farm) at the same dose of extract for 58 days. Shrimp was feed diets containing extract once a week, once in the early culture, and diet control, then the survival and growth shrimp were analysis. Concentrations of sulfates and carbohydrates in G. verrucosa ethyl acetate-extract were 24.21% and 13.41%, and crude protein 3.64%. GC-MS pyrolysis results show that G. verrucosa polysaccharide is similar to immunostimulant molecules. The survival shrimp gave diets containing G. verrucosa extract formulation was higher than that of shrimps fed controls diet. The Shrimp fed diets extracts have higher growth than shrimp given control dietsKeywords: Gracilaria, extract, polysaccharides, immunostimulant
Inventory of Epiphytes Aquatic Microfungi in Pond of Tailing Bauxite in Tanjungpinang, Bintan Island, Riau Islands Province
Authors: Aryani Rima , Apriadi Tri
Published: August 2020

On the washing process of bauxite mining will produce waste, that was red mud. Those red mud will be streamed in pond of tailing bauxite. Eleocharis sp. has been pioneer plant in pond of tailing bauxite. The objective of this study was identify the epiphytes aquatic microfungi in pond of tailing bauxite, at Tanjungpinang, Bintan Island. Samples were collected by three different stations from Eleocharis sp. density with three samples points in each stations. In this research, the results of epiphyte aquatic microfungi were cultured got five genera and six different species of aquatic microfungi, such as Mucor sp., Curvularia sp. (1 and 2), Phialophora sp., Phoma sp., and Arthrographis sp.Keywords: aquatic microfungi, bauxite, Bintan, Eleocharis sp., tailing
The potency of Soft Coral Sarcophyton in Krakatau Seas as Cytotoxic Test
Authors: Sujatmiko Tri Nur , Wibisono Tio Dwi , Mahadi Ariefianto Tri , Hasanah Paradita , Januar Hedi Indra , Zamani Neviaty Putri
Published: August 2020

Soft coral is one of the marine organisms that produce secondary metabolites materials and has potency as anticancer. There is much research to find bioactive compounds in the organism, but it still lacks data to find potency of bioactive in soft coral that lives under acidification pressure. The objectives of this study are to determine the characteristic of acidification in Krakatau seas and to assess the potency of cytotoxic activity from soft coral Sarcophyton. Sampling was conducted in three locations, Legon Tuo, Legon Cabe, and Umang-umang Island, to take the sample and measure water quality. Cytotoxic test using MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolinon) to MCF-7 cancer cell line to measure growth inhibition percentage. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, post hoc analysis, and multivariate analysis. Water quality in Legon Tuo and Legon Cabe have significant different to Umang-umang Island. However, Legon Tuo and Legon Cabe are suitable as acidification site, while Umang-umang Island as the reference site. The characteristic of Krakatau seas, especially in Legon Tuo and Legon Cabe study site, was categorized in low acidification. In the cytotoxic activity, soft coral Sarcophyton from Legon Cabe (acidification site) is more potential than soft coral from Umang-umang Island (reference site).
Carbon Content In Macroalgae Species Against Temperature Regime
Authors: Pribadi Tri Dewi Kusumaningrum , Ihsan Yudi Nurul
Published: August 2020

Temperature rise due to climate change have an impact on various ecosystems, including coastal ecosystems. Temperature rise also affects plant metabolism, such as carbon uptake. Macroalgae is the dominant community in the intertidal zone, and potential to absorb carbon. A series of experiments on several dominant macroalgae species from the south coast of West Java have been done to see the effect of temperature regime on carbon content. The treatment of temperatures of 24, 27, 30, and 33 °C was carried out for 72 hours against 6 macroalgae species representing Chlorophycae, Phaeophycea and Rhodophyceae to investigate carbon content. The results showed that the macroalgae of Phaeophyceae division showed higher carbon content in comparison to the macroalgae of the other divisions. The temperature that significantly affects chloropyll was 33 oC against all the species being tested.
Результаты выявления SARS-CoV-2 и других возбудителей внебольничных пневмоний методом ПЦР в Тюменской области
Authors: Бакштановская Ирина , Степанова Татьяна , Шарухо Галина , Летюшев Александр , Степанова Ксения , Логинова Наталья , Панина Цахик , Зматракова Елена , Косырева Анастасия , Бартусевич Антонина , Леонтьева Светлана , Вишнякова Алина
Published: August 2020

Целью настоящей работы являлось выявление возбудителя внебольничных пневмоний и ко-инфицирования с помощью исследования методом ПЦР биоматериала от пациентов.

Проведено исследование 268 проб от 258 пациентов методом ПЦР для выявления РНК/ДНК возбудителей респираторных инфекций вирусной и бактериальной природы. В 43,3% проб выявлена РНК SARS-Cov-2, в 4,5% – РНК/ДНК возбудителей ОРВИ, в одной пробе – ДНК Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Ко-инфекция SARS-Cov-2 обнаружена только с микобактериями туберкулеза у пациентов противотуберкулезного диспансера. У обследованных больных пневмонией РНК SARS-Cov-2 существенно чаще выявлялась в биоматериале из нижних дыхательных путей (52%), чем в респираторных мазках (8,5%). В первую неделю от начала заболевания обнаружено 19,2% положительных проб, во вторую – 56,5%.
Longitudinal Assessment of the Effectiveness of a Tobacco Prevention Programme among school-aged adolescents
Authors: Sousa Isabel , Rocha Vânia , Samorinha Catarina , Cunha-Machado José , Antunes Henedina , Precioso José
Published: August 2020

Implementing effective prevention programmes is critical to prevent tobacco use. Objectives. This study aims to assess the long-term effectiveness of the "SmokeOut-I" programme in the smoking prevention of school-aged adolescents, by gender. Methodology. A quasi-experimental study was conducted including a pre-test and a post-test, as well as a experimental group (N = 163) and a control group (N = 148) of adolescents attending the 6th grade at Braga schools in 2014/2015. A follow-up was conducted three years later. A self-report questionnaire was administered to both groups before and after the programme implementation, and at the follow-up. The programme was only administered to the experimental group. Results. The programme has shown long-term effectiveness in preventing smoking experimentation, and in enhancing smoking refusal skills. There was a lower prevalence of tobacco use and intention to smoke in the experimental group than in the control group, although not statistically significant. It was found that the experimental group maintained adequate knowledge about smoking over time. Conclusions. The positive effects on health and on the environment justify the broad implementation of this programme, which implies the involvement and commitment of governmental institutions.
Teoría de la autodeterminación y su relación con la conducta sexual de riesgo en adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Rodríguez Vázquez Nancy , Moreno Monsiváis María Guadalupe , Hernández Torres José Luis
Published: August 2020

La investigación sobre predictores de la conducta sexual de riesgo en adolescentes se ha enfocado en contextos sociales y factores biológicos, dejando de lado los motivos del adolescente para tener conductas efectivas para abstenerse de conductas de riesgo. La teoría de la autodeterminación (TAD), al explicar la motivación humana, plantea cuestiones esenciales como intermediarias de la conducta sexual de riesgo. Objetivo. Conocer qué elementos de la TAD han sido abordados en la modificación y/o en la prevención de la conducta sexual de riesgo en adolescentes. Método. Se realizó búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Ebsco, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, Sage Journals, Medline, Lilacs, Wiley, Science direct y Redalyc de las cuales se analizaron estudios a texto completo, empleando los descriptores DeCS y Mesh, truncadores y operadores booleanos. Resultados. Se identificaron seis estudios en relación con la TAD y la conducta sexual de riesgo en adolescentes, que abordaron autonomía, motivación autónoma, controlada, amotivación, motivación intrínseca, extrínseca y tipos de regulación. Conclusión. Es evidente la necesidad de clarificar y ampliar la aplicación de la TAD para desarrollar motivaciones más autodeterminadas asociadas a la prevención de conductas sexuales de riesgo en la adolescencia.
New laboratory criterion for the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis and pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Starshinova Anna , Malkova Anna , Zinchenko Yulia , Basantsova Natalia , Kudryavtsev Igor , Lapin Sergey , Mazing Alexandra , Surkova Elena , Pavlova Maria , Belyaeva Ekaterina , Stepanenko Tatiana , Yablonskiy Piotr
Published: August 2020

In some cases there is a problem of differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis (SD) and tuberculosis (TB) because of the similarities in clinical, X-ray and laboratory features. The aim of this study was to search for new differential diagnostic criteria for sarcoidosis and tuberculosis by calculating the index, based on the level of autoantibodies to modified citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) and the level of B-cell subpopulations. These parameters were measured in patients with sarcoidosis (n = 93), tuberculosis (n = 28) and healthy donors (n = 40) using the ELISA and cytometry. The absence of a statistically significant difference when comparing the level of anti-MCV, the number of B-cells in SD and TB suggests that these changes may be characteristic of granulomatous diseases. The use of the formula Ds=([B-naïve%]\[B-memory%])*([B-CD38%]+[B-CD5%])/[anti-MCV] might allow to differentiate SD with an increase in the calculated index of more than 5 units with a sensitivity of 80.00% and specificity of 93.10% (AUC = 0.926).
Attitude Towards Menstruation Among Female In-School Adolescents: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Aluko Olufemi Oludare , Udechukwu Jireh Ngozi , Loto Oluwaseun Anthonia , Orisawayi Ayoola Oluwaniyi , Ojogba Grace Ojodomo , Arowosafe Promise Oluwaseun
Published: August 2020

Background: Menarche and menstruation are natural procedures in a girl’s transition to womanhood. Lack of awareness thereof, before menarche and stigmatizing menstrual hygiene management (MHM) perception and experiences predominate in low resource economies and influences attitude. The study aims to determine and compare the attitude of adolescents attending public and private schools on menstruation and MHM in the study area.Methods: The cross-sectional study recruited 357 respondents, comprising of 177 and 180 female adolescents from public and private schools through a three-stage sampling technique. The study administered a validated, semi-structured questionnaire that was facilitated self-administered. Descriptive and inferential statistics presented results, while binary logistic regression identified predictors of attitude at Pά0.05.Results: Except for religion, other socio-demographic characteristics (age, class, ethnicity, whom adolescents’ lives with, highest education and wealth) were significantly different between public and private schools. However, respondents in public schools were older (15.4±1.75 years) when compared with those attending private schools (14.3±1.18 years). On attitude, negative feelings and openness scales were significantly different between respondents attending public and private schools, while those of positive feelings, menstrual symptoms, acceptance of menarche and living with menstruation were respectively similar at Pα0.05. Overall attitude scale indicated a higher negative rating (87.4) when compared with a positive score (12.6%). With a positive attitude as a reference, ethnicity was the only negative attitude predictor (Pα0.05).Conclusions: Adolescents attending public and private schools have negative attitudes toward menstruation and MHM. Therefore, awareness and puberty education through ethnic constructs, on menstruation and MHM before menarche is indispensable to improve their attitude.
A Study on Brain-based Knowledge Model for Dentist’s Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Ji Young-A , Kim Hong-Gee , Baek Seungho , Lee Jaeil
Published: August 2020

Background

The expertise of dentists is very important since it improves the quality of dental services provided to patients. This study analyzed the characteristics of the decision-making process and confirmed dentists' electroencephalography(EEG) characteristics by measuring their cerebral activity during clinical decision making.
Methods

This study was performed in the following two projects: (1) A qualitative study of clinical decision making in a clinical scenario, (2) An analysis of differences in cortical activity of experts and novices through EEG.
Results

In the 1st study, this study found that 'confirmation of the patient's chief complaints', 'oral examination', and 'radiography reading' steps, which showed the most prominent differences in the experts' and novices' decision making, were set as the major steps of dentists' clinical decision making. In the 2nd study, the experts' and novices' cortical activities were measured through a 32-channel EEG. In task 6, which had the lowest accuracy of diagnoses made by the experts, the brain activities in both groups were higher than in other tasks.
Conclusions

This study aims to link learning and the cortical functions activated during dental experts' decision making in order to present learning directions for brain-based clinical decision making to develop experts.
Peer Tutoring in Clinical Communication Teaching: Motivations and Perceptions of Year 3 Medical Students
Authors: Hagana Arwa , Houbby Nour , Belsi Athina
Published: August 2020

Background:

Peer tutoring is an increasingly utilised teaching method in medical curricula that involves the sharing of knowledge between individuals at a similar educational level. Peer tutoring is associated with many benefits, including the development of key transferable skills such as leadership and teaching techniques. The integral role of teaching required as a medical professional is recognised by the General Medical Council (GMC), and calls for increased development of teaching abilities during medical training. Although peer tutoring is well-explored in the literature, the perceptions of the peer tutors are less explored. This study aims to explore Year 3 medical student’s perceptions of peer tutoring in clinical communication teaching.
Methods:

As part of Imperial College’s Clinical Communication programme, Year 3 MBBS students were offered the opportunity to act as Peer Tutors for their Year 1 MBBS peers by leading two simulated patient interview sessions. All Year 3 MBBS students who participated in the peer tutoring scheme were recruited for this study (n = 21), comprising questionnaires (free text responses), focus groups and individual student interviews. Data was analysed using thematic analysis.
Results:

Three key research questions were explored; the motivation to participate in peer tutoring, skills gained from the experience and the advantages of peer tutoring in medical education. Three themes were identified:a fundamental enjoyment of teaching, being previously taught by a peer tutor and feeling a duty to give back. Key skills gained from peer tutoring included:feedback-giving skills and transferable skills such as teamwork, communication and listening skills.
Conclusions:

Our study highlights the benefits medical students gain from participating in peer tutoring schemes since it provides a foundation for building valuable teaching experience, which students will inevitably utilise in their medical career. The results demonstrate the positive attitude students have towards future exposure to peer tutoring thus proposing further incorporation of peer tutoring schemes in medical curricula.
Mid-and Long-term Survival and Patient-reported Outcomes of Humeral Surface Replacement in 135 Shoulders
Authors: Mussawy Haider , Strahl André , Wenk Tom , Schmidt Tobias , Simon Maciej , Rüther Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate patient-reported clinical outcomes, prosthesis survival, and causes of revision of cemented humeral surface replacement (Durom-Cup) in a large population. Methods: Between 1997 and 2015, 266 patients underwent 279 implantations of Durom-Cup. Overall, 81 patients died, 39 patients were lost to follow-up, and 21 patients were excluded according to pre-defined exclusion criteria, and dementia; this left 125 patients (135 shoulders) with a mean follow-up of 8.0 years (range, 1–20 years). To report long-term follow-up a subgroup of 51 patients with a minimum follow-up of 9 years and a mean follow-up of 12.4 years (range, 9–20 years) was evaluated. The mean age at the time of surgery was 65.8 years (range, 25–91 years). Results: The indications were primary osteoarthritis (52%) and rheumatoid arthritis (48%). Patient satisfaction at final follow-up was as follows: very satisfied, 59.2%; satisfied, 29.2%; and not satisfied, 11.6%. On a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 10, the mean pain on weight-bearing was 2.4 (range, 0–10). Overall, 55.4% were able to perform leisure activities without major limitations. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were significantly younger than patients with primary osteoarthritis at the time of surgery (mean difference, 11.5 years, p < 0.001). The overall survival rates (prosthesis without revision surgery) of the Durom-Cup were 94.0 ± 5.0% at 5 years, 90.8 ± 9.86% at 10 years, and 90.8 ± 17.1% at 15 years. However, 9 shoulders (6.7%) required revision arthroplasty after a mean 4.3 years (range, 0.5–9 years).Conclusions: These data demonstrated a relatively low revision rate of the Durom-Cup and high satisfaction levels, suggesting an acceptable quality of life post-surgery.
Strengthening health systems to achieve Universal Health Coverage: Lessons from four Latin American countries.
Authors: Gilardino Ramiro , B Rifkin Susan , Valanzasca Pilar
Published: August 2020

Background: During the 1990s, health systems within several Latin American countries changed to expand service coverage and reach more people. These changes are considered the antecedent of the Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Seven years after the United Nations’ call for UHC, healthcare services in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico are generally accessible and affordable. However, these countries increasingly struggle to meet their populations’ growing health needs while also addressing rising health care costs. This research aims to describe measures taken by these four countries to commit by UHC, addressing their barriers and challenges. Methods: This study examined literature review data, supplemented with survey data collected from regional stakeholders. Data were analyzed within an ad-hoc matrix.Results: These four countries increased healthcare services coverage by strengthening their primary healthcare systems. They also expanded coverage for non-communicable diseases, provided community outreach, and increased the number of skilled healthcare workers. New pharmaceutical support programs provided access to treatments for chronic conditions at zero cost, while high-costs drugs and cancer treatments were partially guaranteed. However, these measures did not achieve full financial protection to all, leaving citizens exposed to possible catastrophic expenditures, despite increased service coverage. UHC is funded primarily through taxes and polling resources, and these four countries still struggle to find mechanisms that could increase pooling mechanisms capable of increasing service coverage, while reducing financial inequities among people. Conclusions: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico have made progress towards UHC. Nevertheless, additional mechanisms to sustain financial protection are urgently required. The decentralization of the primary healthcare system, the development of public-private partnerships, and the implementation of progressive financing mechanisms like conditional cash transfers are potential manners to improve service delivery and financial protection contributing to effective UHC.
Effective Measures Coping with COVID-19 Pandemic Based on fsQCA: Evidence from China
Authors: Bi Xiaoman , Liu Haiyan , Yang Wei
Published: August 2020

Background: Faced with the global outbreak and spread of COVID-19 pandemic, the government of each country has adopted different emergency measures, but the effectiveness assessment of these emergency measures is still lacked. This paper aimed to study the effectiveness of emergency measures for emergent infectious diseases to look for key measures and effective combinations.Methods: We took COVID 19 pandemic management and control measures in China as an example, and selected five high frequency emergency measures including controlling population mobility, patient admission, appropriation of pandemic prevention funds, legal regulations and resumption of production from the perspective of Epidemiology. Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we conducted necessary condition analysis and configuration analysis on these measures using official statistical data. And robustness test was performed by changing consistency threshold.Results: We found that: (1) The consistency of the five emergency measures was less than 0.9, indicating that none of these measures can be used separately as a necessary condition for the strong pandemic prevention and control effects. (2) There were three combinations of emergency measures to achieve strong pandemic prevention and control effects, with solution consistency of 0.92 and solution coverage of 0.6: when all patients are admitted to hospitals, the government provides sufficient pandemic prevention funds, and severely crack down on criminal cases; when resume production under the measures of strictly controlling population mobility and severely cracking down on criminal cases; when strictly control population mobility and all patients are admitted to hospitals without resumption production. Conclusions: These findings suggest that fsQCA model can be applied to comprehensive effectiveness assessment of infectious diseases emergency measures. The results of our study not only help various countries prevent and control COVID-19 pandemic and its resurgence, but also have important reference significance for the emergency management of other emergent infectious diseases in the world.
Asian Building Techniques for Colonial Manila: Reviewing the Concept of Cultural Hybridity
Authors: Cayme Jan-Michael C. , Bermejo Arturo F. , Luengo Pedro
Published: August 2020

Historical building techniques have been pointed out as a sample of local resistance to colonial technical influence during the early modern period, although this could not be proven by chemical analysis. A clay brick with an attached lime mortar sample was acquired from the former San Francisco Church’s foundation in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines and representative portions (BRK-1, BRK-2, BRK-3, MTR-1, MTR-2, and MTR-3) of the sample were utilized for chemical analysis using various analytical techniques. These are the energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) for quantifying organic compounds. The clay brick sample is made of typical sand and clay specifically composed of non-calcareous clay and low refractory fluxes. The brick’s firing temperature was determined to be between 600°C to 800°C in an oxidizing environment. The attached lime mortar sample is probably manufactured using crushed seashells and classified as a hydraulic lime where clayey and sand particles serving as pozzolans. The lime mortar’s microstructure shows that it is well carbonated. Possible organic compounds specifically egg whites (albumen) which may have been added to the lime mortar yielded negative results. Both qualitative tests (Xanthoproteic Test, Ninhydrin Test and Biuret Test) and quantitative assays (Biuret Assay and Bradford Assay) were not able to detect the presence of any proteinaceous compounds in the sample. It has been established based on this material sample that eighteenth century Asian builders working in Manila kept local traditions and rejected European preferences.