bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepción de la sed durante el ejercicio y en la rehidratación ad libitum post ejercicio en calor húmedo y seco
Authors: Capitán-Jiménez Catalina , Aragón- Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: July 2018

Este estudio experimental fue diseñado para evaluar durante el ejercicio y la rehidratación ad libitum post-ejercicio, si las percepciones subjetivas de sed y calor, así como la ingesta voluntaria de agua, son distintas en dos condiciones ambientales diferentes pero equivalentes en cuanto al índice de estrés térmico. Métodos: 14 participantes se ejercitaron en dos ocasiones en un cuarto de clima controlado (WBGT≈28.5° C): una vez para el calor seco (SECO, TBS = 33.8°C, HR = 53%) y una para el calor húmedo (HUM, TBS = 32.1°C y HR = 67%) sin ingesta de fluidos, hasta alcanzar una deshidratación equivalente al 4% MC. Las percepciones de sed, calor, llenura y cólico se midieron cada 30 min durante el ejercicio. Posteriormente ingirieron agua ad libitum durante 90 minutos. También se midió la ingesta voluntaria de agua. Resultados: Durante el ejercicio, la percepción de sed fue la misma para ambas condiciones (SECO 64.44±23.38, HUM 67.32±20.41mm; p=0.409), pero aumentó con el tiempo (p = 0.0001). Lo mismo ocurrió con la percepción de calor: no hubo diferencia entre las condiciones (SECO 6.34±0.50, HUM 6.40±0.37ua; p=0.423), pero aumentó a través del tiempo (p=0.001). Al final de la rehidratación, la percepción de calor fue mayor para el calor seco (5.3 ± 0.2ua) que para el calor húmedo (4.7 ± 0.2ua, p=0.006). La sed al final del ejercicio (85.8 ± 19.4mm) no mostró correlación significativa con la deshidratación real (3.82 ± 0.18% MC, r = -0.14, p = 0.48) ni con el consumo voluntario de agua (1843 ± 587 mL, r = -0.04, p = 0.85). No hubo correlación entre la pérdida de sudor real (2766 ± 700 ml) y la ingesta voluntaria de agua (r = 0.16, p = 0.42). La asociación entre el balance neto de fluidos y la percepción de la sed fue de R2a= 0.70 (p = 0.001) Conclusiones: la percepción de sed y calor fue la misma cuando se realizó ejercicio en dos condiciones ambientales diferentes con el mismo nivel de estrés térmico. La escala de percepción de la sed fue capaz de detectar la deshidratación progresiva consistentemente: cuanto mayor fue la deshidratación en el tiempo, mayor fue la sed. Sin embargo, los resultados de este estudio no apoyan la teoría de que la ingesta voluntaria de agua es adecuada para reponer las pérdidas de sudor después del ejercicio.
Teoría y práctica del cuento en Hispanoamérica: El caso de Horacio Quiroga (1)
Authors: González Picado Jézer
Published: July 2018

Horacio Quiroga nace en Salto (Uruguay) el 31 de diciembre de 1978. Empieza a publicar prosa y verso en las revistas uruguayas. Entre 1899 y 1900, funda y dirige una revista literaria: Revista de Salto, a través  de la cual pretende imponer el modernismo como escuela poética.
La persuasión homérica precursora de la retórica
Authors: Conejo Aróstegui María Esther
Published: July 2018

En los Poemas Homéricos, constituyeron la cima de una poesía oral que se había cantado en Grecia por generaciones, se halla reflejada una de las caracterñisticas más sobresalientes del hombre griego antoguo: su inagotable aficción por los discursos, debates y en general la expresión oral.
Etnoespantología cabécar
Authors: Margery Peña Enrique
Published: July 2018

El presente estudio se plantea como objetivo la descripción de la taxonomía tradicional que la cultura cabécar establece para el universo de los espantos, entendido éste como el conjunto de seres imaginarios cuya supuesta presencia o acciones infunden temor a los nativos de esta etnia.
El arpa y la sombra en la poética de Carpentier
Authors: Santander Carlos
Published: July 2018

Hay antes que nada en Carpentier un arte de intitular. Los títulos de sus cuentos y novelas provocan, incitan, intrigan, cuando no desconciertan. Se puede pensar, por ejemplo, en El siglo de las luces, que irritaba a los editores porque sugería más la densidad de un tratado histórico que el placer que ofrece una buena novela.
Las lenguas dorasque y changuena y sus relaciones genealógicas (1)
Authors: Constenla Umaña Adolfo
Published: July 2018

Los dorasques y los chánguenas fueron dos grupos indígenas importantes del occidente de Panamá. La "nación Dorasque-Changuina, en los tiempos de la conquista, tenía su residencia y asiento principal detrás del Volcán de Chiriquí... en las altísimas sierras de Chiriqui y de la Talamanca.
Observaciones sobre la tipología de la lengua chorotega o mangue
Authors: Quirós Rodríguez Juan Santiago
Published: July 2018

El chorotega o mangue, perteneciente a la familia de lenguas otomangues, se habló en las regiones limítrofes occidentales de Nicaragua y de Costa Rica, hasta mediados del siglo XIX. De él conservo un vocabulario de 674 términos y una fraseología de 79 oraciones, recopilados en fechas diferentes.
Las glosas de Reichenau
Authors: Quirós R. Manuel Antonio
Published: July 2018

Es uno de los glosarios medioevales más importantes para el conocimiento del latín en el siglo VIII y como señalador de tendencias románicas, sobre todo, del idioma francés. Fueron descubiertas por A. Hotzmann en 1863, y publicadas por F. Diez en 1865.
Textos bilingües de cuatro narraciones tradicionales borucas
Authors: Constenla Umaña Adolfo
Published: July 2018

El propósito de este artículo es contribuir al conocimiento de la literatura oral de los borucas por medio de la publicación de cuatro narraciones: una versión más completa que la previamente recogida (Stone, 1947) de la leyenda de los bróbróyrá y tres textos de los que, al parecer, no se hab ía publicado ninguna versión hasta el momento.
Cinco variantes guanacastecas del tipo 510 de Aarne y Thompson ("La cenicienta" y "Piel de asno")
Authors: Quirós Rodríguez Juan Santiago
Published: July 2018

La mayor parte de las narraciones folclóricas costarricenses pertenece a la tradición cuentística popular.  Tal difusión explica las semejanzas que existen entre narraciones rusas, danesas, españolas , para nombrar solo tres.  Estas similitudes podrán apreciarse  en una investigación realizada con alumnos de Humanidades del año 85.
Trayectoria poética de Jorge Debravo
Authors: Picado Manuel
Published: July 2018

Jorge Debravo murió en 1967, a la edad de 29 años, en el momento en que iniciaba sus estudios universitarios. A pesar de su corta existencia deja casi una decena de obras publicadas y en el momento de su desaparición se perfilaba como una de las más sólidas esperanzas de la joven poesía costarricense. Según don Abelardo Bonilla, entre los de su grupo, Debravo es el poeta no solo de mayor producción, sino también el de mayores posibilidades.
Alcances en torno a la problemática del narrador
Authors: Margery Peña Enrique
Published: July 2018

Si bien la crítica tradicional -entendida como tal la anterior a la Primera Guerra Mundial- fijaba en su gran mayoría como estudio de la novela el acontecimiento, y, dentro de su ámbito los temas, personajes y la textura de ideas que la obra ofrecía, no es menos cierto que desde el nacimiento de la novela moderna los propios creadores plantearon a menudo ya la afirmación o el cuestionamiento de los diferentes procedimientos expresivos para referir los acontecimientos del relato. No es difícil comprobar al respecto que sus posiciones se asocian al anhelo de lograr la mayor verosimilitud o "ilusión de realidad", como lo señalara Henry James, en el marco de su creación.
Lo consabido: mostración de la experiencia
Authors: Gaínza Gastón
Published: July 2018

En un sugerente estudio, publicado hace ya varios años, mi amigo y colega
El estudio de la literatura a través de la historia
Authors: Picado Manuel
Published: July 2018

La reflexión sobre la literatura es tan antigua como la misma obra literaria. Esto se repite con frecuencia y parece tener el carácter de lo evidente. Sin embargo, a través de la historia no se ha entendido por literatura el mismo objeto, ni se ha adoptado la misma actitud en la búsqueda del conocimiento sobre lo literario. Por una parte, con mayor o menor fuerza se ha negado la posibilidad de un conocimiento riguroso y sistemático del fenómeno literario; por otra, con fundamento o sin él se han sucedido teorías y sistemas de aspiración científica implícita o declarada. Unas veces se ha pretendido subordinar el estudio de la literatura al conocimiento de diferentes sectores culturales; otras, se ha proclamado la necesidad de abordar lo poético en su especificidad.
Un análisis sintáctico del habla criolla de Limón
Authors: Wright Murray Fernando
Published: July 2018

Esta tesis presenta un análisis sintáctico y fonológico del habla criolla (LC) que se habla en la provincia de Limón, República de Costa Rica. El análisis sigue la teoría lingüística conocida como gramática de transformaciones. Por medio de esta teoría intentamos demostrar que LC es un idioma estructurado, regido por reglas gramaticales y no una colección casual de errores de un inglés modelo.
"El Jesús malo" no era tan malo (Sobre un cuento de Ricardo Miró)
Authors: Sandoval de Fonseca Virginia
Published: July 2018

La narración corta bien hecha es una pequeña gema que vale porque reúne en sí todas las perfecciones que el género implica.Ricardo Miró, distinguido poeta panameño, prueba suerte en prosa, con el cuento El Jesús Malo. La fábula es llamativa. El Jesús Malo, individuo que siempre ha vivido aislado y a la defensiva, por vez primera recibe la amistad de alguien, en este caso, de Roberto. A su vez se enamoran Rosalía, hija de Jesús, y el ingeniero. Al fmal, como recompensa por la amistad brindada, Jesús ofrece su hija al ingeniero por una noche.
Aspectos del método de Panini
Authors: Chavarría Aguilar Oscar
Published: July 2018

Quizás uno de los principios metodológicos más fundamentales del método del antiguo gramático hindú Panini en su astádhyáyi, sus 'ocho libros' sobre la gramática del idioma sánscrito, es el de facilitar la retención en la memoria de la materia explícatoría para ser aplicada en forma oral en el esclarecimiento de la formación gramatical de ese idioma (Cabe recordar aquí una vez más que la gramática de Pánini no es gramática pedagógica.) El orden de las sutras que componen la astádhyáyi se rige por las exigencias internas de su propia estructura -por criterios de orden metalingüístico, de una metodología creada a raíz de y destinada a uso oral- y no responde en primer término a factores de orden lingüístico tales como clase gramatical, etc., a la manera de las gramáticas de la tradición occidental a las que estamos acostumbrados. Falta entonces en la gramática de Panini en la presentación de materia gramatical ese orden rígido unidireccional, esas exigencias de carácter anterior: posterior que caracterizen a las gramáticas estructurales y pedagógicas que preponderan.
La terminología de parentesco de los indios borucas
Authors: Constenla Umaña Adolfo
Published: July 2018

Los borucas, uno de los grupos indígenas costarricenses que conservan su idioma, tienen sus poblados en la reserva Térraba-Boruca (cantón de Buenos Aires, provincia de Puntarenas) en la zona sur del litoral del país.Su número es aproximadamente de 800 personas, desconociéndose cuántas de ellas hablan todavía su lengua, que, como las otras del área (bribrí, cabécar y térraba) pertenecen al grupo talamanqueño de la rama occidental de la familia chibcha.
La ortografía de las "Concherías"
Authors: Chavarría Aguilar Oscar
Published: July 2018

Tarde o temprano todo aquel escritor que pretenda reflejar en su obra un habla que difiere de la acostumbrada tiene que enfrentar las limitaciones de la ortografía convencional, y la falta de convención en su uso inconvencional. Aparte de sus propios conocimientos de los usos lingüisticos del caso - ¡o la falta de ellos! - su mayor obstáculo en cuanto a la fonología no usual lo constituyen las reglas establecidas de nuestro sistema gráfico.
La libertad en el mundo antiguo
Authors: Vindas Ch. Francisco
Published: July 2018

Tácito concluye su obra GERMANIA, hablando a sus lectores sobre los FENNOS: esta población vive en condiciones de miseria indescriptible, sin conocimiento alguno de la civilización. No tienen armas ni caballos; se alimentan de hierbas, se visten con pieles, la desnuda tierra tienen por lecho y su morada la encuentran debajo de las plantas. Y sin embargo prefieren esta clase de vida. Ellos, seguros en las relaciones de los hombres y de los dioses, han logrado una cosa muy difícil: no tienen ni siquiera necesidad de rezar.
Los criterios binaristas en la teoría literaria. Notas en torno a sus posiciones y fundamentos
Authors: Margery Peña Enrique
Published: July 2018

El tema que en esta oportunidad constituye el objeto de nuestras reflexiones ostenta determinadas particularidades que lo hacen en gran parte diferir del común de estudios y artículos que, cualesquiera que sea su extensión y profundidad, aparecen de continuo en publicaciones referidas a la teoría y a la crítica literarias.En el marco de este ámbito y como problemática general, el binarismo escapa a la especificidad de una metodología definida. No obstante, su insoslayable naturaleza metacrítica, así como los rasgos del común de los elementos axiomáticos que lo configuran, determinan la necesidad de fijarlo, aunque apriorísticamente, en torno a la idea de un fundamento criteriológico adoptado, la mayoría de las veces de una manera explícita, por algunas de las más relevantes tendencias críticas que en la actualidad centran su objetivo en la descripción o interpretación de la obra literaria.
Temporalidad del gerundio
Authors: Jiménez Vásquez José María
Published: July 2018

Dentro de la problemática del gerundio, el punto de la temporalidad ocupa un lugar muy importante,ya sea por la posible discusión de ciertos tópicos, como por las vacilaciones y errores que se pueden cometer, debidos al imperfecto conocimientode este tema. Trataremos, en esta corta investigación, de dar un poco de luz a este problema lingüístico.
La partícula av y el período hipotético irreal en el griego clásico
Authors: Sánchez Víctor Ml.
Published: July 2018

La pleremática establece una distinción entre semantemas y morfernas; en una palabra se puede encontrar un único constituyente y uno o más elementos satélites que dan contornos definidos a ese núcleo (esto viene a coincidir, grosso modo, con la distinción neobloomfieldiana entre raíces, temas y afijos).
La frase nominal del dialecto brorán del térraba
Authors: Lininger Ross Bárbara
Published: July 2018

Este estudio forma una parte de una gramática generativo tranformacional del dialecto brorán del térraba reportada en Días et al. (1976). El marco teórico del trabajo se basa en la teoría de gramática expuesta por Noam Chomsky (1957, 1962, Y 1965).Como únicamente un informante, Ricardo Gómez Salazar, suministró datos para esta investigación, parece ser aconsejable insistir en que los resultados se refieren a un ideolecto, cuyas características típicas del idioma en sí no se pueden determinar en este momento.
Origen del gerundio
Authors: Jiménez Vásquez José María
Published: July 2018

En este artículo nos referiremos a la procedencia de la forma verbal en-ndo, expresión del gerundio. Trataremos de encontrar los antecedentes partiendo de allí hasta acercarnos poco a poco a las formas actuales. La finalidad es tratar de demostrar que el gerundio español es un transplante directo del gerundio latino.
Chomsky y algunas facetas de la teoría lingüística
Authors: Lininger Ross Bárbara
Published: July 2018

Este artículo presenta el resumen crítico del libro Controversias Actuales en la Teoría Lingüística de Noam Chomsky. El hecho central, dice Chomsky, es que cualquier hablante maduro de un idioma dado puede producir oraciones nuevas que se acomodan a las circunstancias  en que se encuentra el hablante y que éste puede comprender a otros hablantes en situaciones nuevas.
Un análisis fonológico de un idiolecto del brorán (térraba)
Authors: Lininger Ross Bárbara , Ruskin Smith de Bourland Karen , Umaña Aguilar de Ramírez Jeanina , Work Best de Alvarez Susan
Published: July 2018

El  presente estudio contiene los resultados de un análisis fonológico de un idiolecto del brorán (térraba) efectuado entre fines de marzo y fines de junio de 1974. Nos referimos a la lengua bajo estudio como [brorán] ya que el informante asegura que ése es el término que los hablantes de la misma usan.
La ambigüedad lingüística
Authors: Hidalgo E. Danilo
Published: July 2018

El objetivo  es  analizar algunos aspectos del concepto de ambigüedad tal y como se le entiende en lingüistica. Para lograr ese fin se tomarán ejemplos del idioma español y del inglés. Cuando sea pertinente, el enfoque se hará dentro de un marco comparativo, principalmente como medio de resaltar en esas lenguas la equivalencia, o falta de equivalencia, con respecto a la ambigüedad.
Marcia y Cornelia en el poema de Lucano
Authors: Vindas Chaves Francisco
Published: July 2018

La obra de Marco Anneo Lucano no retoma mujeres contemporáneas del autor; las dos figuras femeninas campean con fuerte relieve en el poema pertenecen a una época pasada. ¿Qué clase de almas poseen las dos heroínas del poema de Lucano?
Gramática de casos y semántica generativa (Walter A. Cook, S. J., Georgetown University.Language and Linguistics, Working Papers, Number 8. 1974)
Authors: Bertoglia Richards Mafalda
Published: July 2018

Dice Cook que, antes de comenzar un estudio serio de pragmatismo (pragmatics, el estudio del uso de la lengua) debemos considerar el significado literal de las oraciones. Con el propósito de establecer los puntos en que ambas gramáticas coinciden y para obtener un beneficio del trabajo de análisis realizado en ambos campos, Cook establece una comparación entre la Gramática de Casos y la Semántica Generativa.
Para la poética
Authors: Miranda Hevia Alicia
Published: July 2018

Se propone en este artículo una cierta lectura de Pour la poétique 1, ensayo de Henri Meschonnic (Paris: Gallimard, 197 ·178 pp.). Esta lectura consiste en una síntesis del original y una traducción de esa síntesis. Los títulos y subtítulos de los capítulos que se indican son los del original, traducidos.
El optativo en griego clásico
Authors: Sánchez C. Víctor
Published: July 2018

El verbo finito en griego clásico constituye un haz de correlaciones: correlación modal, correlación temporal, correlación diatética, correlación de persona, correlación de número y correlación de aspecto.
Cocorí: Un narrador fuertemente representado y una comunidad de narratarios infantiles
Authors: Pérez Yglesias María
Published: July 2018

Una de las conclusiones fundamentales a las  que se llega, después de un cuidadoso análisis de la crítica a la llamada literatura infantil, es que toda ella parte de la concepción del destinatario o narratario niño. Es el narratario quien configura el discurso y, en última instancia, el género.
Painted Ambitions
Authors: Goehring Margaret
Published: July 2018

This article investigates the masonic murals in the Elisha Gilbert House in New Lebanon, NY, looking into the circumstances of their creation, and their relationship to the role that freemasonry played in the region. The murals are found to be similar to those in the Calvin Hall Tavern in Cheshire, MA, and posits dating and a potential artist for both cycles, and investigates their relationship to the standardization of early American printed masonic iconography.
Furnishing a Lodge Room on the Canadian Frontier
Authors: Pass Forrest D.
Published: July 2018

A small artefact collection and a substantial archival fonds from Rideau Lodge No. 25 offer an unusual glimpse into the material practices of freemasons in early 19th century rural Canada. Organized in 1815, Rideau Lodge operated for about 30 years in and around the hamlet of Burritts Rapids, in presentday eastern Ontario. Their surviving artefacts and accounts reveal how the brethren procured the material necessities of masonic ritual in the context of emerging frontier capitalism. The Rideau Lodge masons developed a hybrid material strategy, purchasing some items from distant suppliers, including those in the United States, while making or repurposing other items locally. A case study in the relationship between local production and the market economy on the Canadian frontier, this article adds to the general literature on early Canadian capitalism by illustrating how cultural considerations - in this case the practices and values of freemasonry - influenced rural Canadians' consumption strategies.
'Brought to Light: Contemporary Freemasonry, Meaning, and Society', by J. Scott Kenney
Authors: Weinbren Daniel E.
Published: July 2018

Brought to Light: Contemporary Freemasonry, Meaning, and Society, by J. Scott Kenney (Waterloo, Ontario, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2016), pp. xiv +294, £29.99, Pbk, ISBN 978-1-77112-194-1.
'As Above, So Below: Art of the American Fraternal Society, 1850–1930', by Lynne Adele and Bruce Lee Webb, and 'The Badge of a Freemason: Masonic Aprons from the Scottish Rite Masonic Museum and Library' by Aimee E. Newell
Authors: Dennis Mark
Published: July 2018

As Above, So Below: Art of the American Fraternal Society, 1850-1930, by Lynne Adele and Bruce Lee Webb, (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2015), xxi + 266 pp., $60.00, Hbk, ISBN: 9780292759503.

and

The Badge of a Freemason: Masonic Aprons from the Scottish Rite Masonic Museum and Library, by Aimee Newell, (Lexington, MA: Scottish Rite Masonic Museum and Library, 2015), 247 pp., $39.95, Hbk, 9781889541020.
Na Baixada Fluminense, à sombra da ‘Esfinge do Rio’: lutas populares e políticas de saúde na alvorada do SUS
Authors: Pires-Alves Fernando Antônio , Paiva Carlos Henrique Assunção , Lima Nísia Trindade
Published: July 2018

Resumo O artigo revisita o movimento popular por saúde em Nova Iguaçu-RJ nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. Em meio à repressão política, moradores se organizaram para encontrar soluções para diversos problemas, entre eles os da saúde. A luta pela saúde se potencializa tanto pela epidemia de dengue quanto pelas conexões com a reforma sanitária brasileira e pela democracia. Com apoio de fontes documentais provenientes de jornais diários, artigos de divulgação em saúde e do acervo da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, o artigo conclui que o exemplo de Nova Iguaçu é revelador tanto acerca da complexidade do processo de abertura política em âmbito local quanto dos esforços de condução de uma reforma sanitária onde ela se fazia mais necessária. A resistência de parte da corporação médica, os interesses privados na saúde, a existência de uma cultura política popular ainda incipiente e um associativismo em formação são alguns dos elementos que dão conta das dificuldades em se fazer avançar os anseios manifestos no plano das políticas. As especificidades das arenas locais, também apontam para as possibilidades de arranjos institucionais, por vezes, muito peculiares e não reproduzíveis em outros cenários.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VOLUMES OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON THE FOOD INTAKE OF RATS
Authors: Tibana Ramires Alsamir , Sousa Neto Ivo Vieira de , Sousa Nuno Manuel Frade de , Krier Felipe Carneiro , Almeida Jeeser Alves de , Prestes Jonato , Voltarelli Fabrício Azevedo
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise changes food intake after an acute session; however further research is needed to identify the effects of resistance exercise (RE) with different training volumes. Objective: To investigate the effects of acute RE (two sessions) with different training volumes on the food intake of rats. Methods: Twenty four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (who did not perform RE; n=8); RE (stair climbing) with four series (G4, n=8) and overload of 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% of the maximum load capacity of the animal and RE with eight series (G8; n=8) with two increases of each overload of 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% of the maximum load capacity of the animal. The average amount of ingested feed was measured for each experimental group 24 and 48 hours after the first RE session and 72 hours after the second RE session. Results: The food intake of the groups that performed the RE session was significantly lower (p<0.05) when compared to the control group only at 24 hours after the first training session. After the second training session (72 h), the G8 showed a significantly lower food intake (p<0.05) when compared to G4 and the control group. However, the food consumption relative to the body mass of the animals (g/gBM) was significantly lower only after the second training session (72 h) in G8 (p<0.05) compared to G4 and the control group. Conclusion: Therefore, the resistance exercise decreases the food intake of rats after an acute session; in addition, a higher training volume seems to be more advantageous. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING PROTOCOLS ON THE FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY OF ELDERLY WOMEN
Authors: Resende Neto Antônio Gomes de , Santos Marta Silva , Silva Roberto Jerônimo Santos , Santana Josimari Melo de , Silva-Grigoletto Marzo Edir Da
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several strength training protocols have been tested in the search for systemic adaptations to improve functionality in the elderly. For this purpose, integrated exercises aimed at improving essential movements can be an interesting strategy to improve the performance of activities of the daily living. Objective: To compare the effects of eight weeks of functional training with traditional strength training on the physical fitness of sedentary elderly women. Methods: Thirty-two elderly women were divided into functional training group (FT, n=16) and traditional training group (TT, n=16). For the verification of functional responses, the Senior Fitness Test battery was used, as well as complementary tests of strength and muscular power. The data were analyzed using a 2x2 ANOVA with post hoc Sidak test to verify the differences between the groups. Results: At the end of eight weeks, when compared to TT group, the FT group showed significant increases in balance/agility variables (p=0.01; +7.6%), lower limbs strength (p=0.04; +15.3%), upper limbs strength (p=0.05; +11.7%), and cardiorespiratory power (p=0.05; +10.7%). However, in relation to flexibility tests and conventional tests of maximum dynamic force and muscular strength, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Both interventions are efficient to improve physical fitness of sedentary elderly women; however, functional training induces better adaptive responses to functionality when compared with traditional training. Level of Evidence I; Randomized clinical trial.
MILITARY PHYSICAL TRAINING, MUSCULAR STRENGTH, AND BODY COMPOSITION OF BRAZILIAN MILITARY PERSONNEL
Authors: Rosa Samir Ezequiel da , Martinez Eduardo Camillo , Marson Runer Augusto , Fortes Marcos de Sá Rego , Fernandes Filho José
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Since 1965, the Brazilian Army (BA) has participated in peacekeeping missions of the United Nations (UN), sending large contingents to various parts of the world, such as Angola, Mozambique, East Timor and Haiti. To do so, the military must be in a minimum physical condition to face any obstacles in the course of action in the theater of operations. Objective: To verify the effects of Military Physical Training (MPT) on muscular strength of upper limbs, anthropometric variables and body composition of Brazilian military personnel of the 24th UN peacekeeping mission in Haiti. Methods: The sample consisted of 192 male soldiers with mean age of 23.2 ± 3 6 years. They observed a weekday residential regime, with a defined schedule of meals and activities and time off on weekends. The MPT was applied four times a week, 90 minutes long for 14 weeks and involved aerobic and resisted exercises. In the pre- and post-MPT period, body mass (MC), height, waist circumference (WC) and abdomen circumference (AC) were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage (%F) through the protocol of Salem.. In addition, 12-minute run tests, push-ups, pull up and abdominal flexions were performed to calculate the Rogers Index (RI). Results: When comparing pre- and post-MPT, a significant difference was observed in all anthropometric variables and body composition (BM, BMI and %F) and in the RI for the upper limb muscle strength. Conclusion: The 14-week MPT indicates an improvement in the anthropometric and body composition variables, as well as an increase in upper limb muscular strength in Brazilian soldiers of the UN peacekeeping contingents in Haiti. This study concluded that RI could be an effective tool for assessing military muscular strength. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the results of treatment.
ESTIMATION OF FEMALE BODY FAT PERCENTAGE BASED ON BODY CIRCUMFERENCES
Authors: Salamunes Ana Carla Chierighini , Stadnik Adriana Maria Wan , Neves Eduardo Borba
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: The increase in the prevalence of obesity entails the need for accurate low-cost methods to estimate body fat percentage (BF%). Objective: The aim of this study was to develop mathematical models to estimate the BF% of young women from southern Brazil using inexpensive equipment, based on body circumferences (BC), considering the shortage of specific studies of this population. Methods: Subjects were women (n=130) aged 18 to 35 years (26.06±4.41 years), from the city of Curitiba. Body mass and stature were measured and used to estimate body mass index (BMI), while BC measurements of the arm, forearm, waist (narrowest point and umbilicus), abdomen, hip, thigh and leg were taken for use in the mathematical models. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) equipment recorded the BF%. Pearson’s correlation was used for anthropometric variables and age in association with BF%. The indicators with best correlations were used to estimate linear regression mathematical models for prediction of BF%. The results of the two models and of nine anthropometric equations were compared to those obtained with the DXA using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and paired t-test. Results: Age was not significantly correlated with BF% (r=0.113 and p=0.200). The BCs with the highest correlations with BF% were abdomen, hip and waist - umbilicus (r=0.697, 0.682, 0.660, respectively, and p<0.001). Eight equations showed positive correlation with BF%, but only the results obtained with the models estimated in this study did not differ from those of DXA, with paired t-test. Mathematical models were developed with three (r=0.744, r²=0.554; t=0.16 and p=0.869) and six (r=0.768, r²=0.591; t=-0.04 and p=0.967) anthropometric variables. Conclusion: The use of mathematical models developed for estimating BF% based on body circumference and body mass is considered feasible. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE MINNESOTA LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES QUESTIONNAIRE - BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
Authors: Lustosa Lygia Paccini , Silva Silvia Lanziotti Azevedo da , Marra Taís Almeida , Dias João Marcos Domingues , Pereira Leani Souza Máximo , Dias Rosangela Correa
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Accurate measures of physical activity to establish dose-response relationship in health outcomes are still controversial. Scales that estimate caloric expenditure are proposed with a view to categorizing the phenomenon globally. Objective: To carry out a factor analysis of the structure of the Minnesota Leisure Time Activities Questionnaire - Brazilian Portuguese, and propose a new adapted version for the Brazilian elderly community. Methods: Participants were elderly female members of the community, without any distinction in terms of ethnic group and/or social class, who frequented extension projects of two higher education institutions. Those with cognitive impairments; dependence on walking aids; musculoskeletal pain in the last two weeks and neurological diseases were excluded from the study. All participants answered the questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical data and the Minnesota Leisure Time Activities Questionnaire - Brazilian Portuguese version. We determined whether each activity had been undertaken by the participants and the average number of times it was performed over the last two weeks, considering average time, in minutes, on each occasion. Each activity was considered a single item and energy expenditure was calculated according to the authors’ instructions. We used factor analysis with Varimax orthogonal rotation, excluding items whose variance was equal to zero. Correlation between items was determined using the Pearson correlation matrix. Internal consistency between items, before and after the factor analysis, was verified using Cronbach’s α coefficient. 5% significance level. Results: Participants were 220 women (70.8 ± 5.9 years). The factor analysis resulted in 10 components, which explained, in total, 61.87% of the variance of the total score on the scale. Each component was composed of one, two or three aggregate items. Internal consistency by Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.30. Conclusion: The factor analysis of the structure of the Minnesota Leisure Time Activities Questionnaire - Brazilian Portuguese- has shown a new range with 10 components, which explained, in total, more than 60% of the variance of the total score on the scale, yet with low internal consistency. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard.
DAILY HEMATOLOGIC ASSESSMENT DURING A 230-KM MULTISTAGE ULTRAMARATHON
Authors: Minuzzi Luciele Guerra , Teixeira Ana Maria , Carvalho Humberto Moreira , Costa Ricardo José da , Rama Luis
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: The popularity of ultra-endurance events is increasing worldwide. However, information about hematological parameters during repeated bouts of long-duration running, such as stages during a multi-stage ultramarathon (MSUM) is scarce. Objective: The purpose of the study was to monitor daily hematologic assessment in a 230-km multistage ultramarathon (MSUM) in hot environmental conditions. Methods: Eleven male and three female (n = 14) ultra-endurance runners entered this MSUM, which was conducted over five stages, covering a total distance of 230 km in hot ambient conditions. Peripheral blood samples were collected before and after each stage to determine leukocyte and erythrocytes parameters. Results: Multilevel modelling considering all measurement points showed an increase for whole blood leukocyte and granulocyte counts at five stages of the MSUM and for monocytes until Stage 3 of the race. For erythrocyte parameters, decreases across stages were observed in hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit responses when computing/considering all measurement points. Conclusions: The results indicate that MSUM in a hot environment leads to a greater impact on leukocyte population responses and platelet variation in the initial stages of the race. We suggest that athletes may have a decrease in immune function in the early stages of the MSUM, probably with some transient risk of infectious. Nevertheless, a physiological adaptation to physical exertion and heat mitigates these changes in the subsequent stages of MSUM. Level of Evidence III; Case-control study.
INTERPRETATION OF PROPULSIVE FORCE IN TETHERED SWIMMING THROUGH PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Andrade Rodrigo Maciel , Figueira Júnior Aylton José , Metz Vanessa , Amadio Alberto Carlos , Serrão Júlio Cerca
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Propulsive force in swimming, represented through impulse, is related to performance. However, since the as different biomechanical parameters contribute to impulse generation, coaches have a difficult task when seeking for performance improvement. Objective: Identify the main components involved in impulse generation in the front crawl stroke. Methods: Fourteen swimmers underwent a 10-second all-out fully tethered swimming test. The following parameters were obtained from the force-time curve: minimum force, peak force, mean force, time to peak force, rate of force development and stroke duration. This stage was followed by a principal component analysis. Results: The principal component analysis showed that component 1, predominantly kinetic, was composed of peak force, mean force and rate of force development, and accounted for 49.25% of total impulse variation, while component 2, predominantly temporal, composed of minimum force, stroke duration, and time to peak force, represented 26.43%. Conclusion: Kinetic parameters (peak force, mean force, and rate of force development) are more closely associated with impulse augmentation and, hypothetically, with non-tethered swimming performance. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.
SWEAT RATE MEASUREMENTS AFTER HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING USING BODY WEIGHT
Authors: Machado Alexandre Fernandes , Evangelista Alexandre Lopes , Miranda João Marcelo de Queiroz , Teixeira Cauê Vazquez La Scala , Leite Gerson dos Santos , Rica Roberta Luksevicius , Figueira Junior Aylton , Baker Julien Steven , Bocalini Danilo Sales
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical activity raises body temperature, increases the sweat rate and accelerates fluid loss during exercise, thereby impairing exercise performance. However, studies using the high intensity interval training (HIIT) approach and its effects on rates of perspiration and hydration are still inconclusive. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess sweating and water loss during an HIIT workout session, using body weight, with healthy college students. Methods: Twenty male individuals (31 ± 07 years) were split into two groups: Active group (AG) and Inactive group (IG). The HIIT workout protocol, using body weight, consisted of a single bout with 1:1 stimuli, being: 30” “all out” intensity, involving jumping jack, mountain climber, burpee and squat jump exercises; and 30” of passive recovery, totaling 20 minutes of exercises. For comparison purposes, after 48 hours all the individuals underwent the continuous running protocol with intensity corresponding to 75% of maximum heart rate for 40 minutes. The intensity of the session was monitored continuously, at each 30”, using the perceived exertion scale for both protocols. To ensure euhydration status, all individuals ingested 500 ml of water 120 minutes before the training session. Results: Significant differences (p= 0.01) were found in body mass after HIIT compared to the Moderate session in both Active (HIIT: -0.60 ± 0.29 kg, Moderate: -0.26 ± 0.12 kg) and Inactive (HIIT: -0.92 ± 0.30 kg, Moderate: -0.26 ± 0.26 kg) groups, however, no differences were found between groups. Absolute sweating rate values comparing moderate and HIIT single bout in Inactive (Moderate: 10.55 ± 10.59 ml/min; HIIT: 28.90 ± 13.88 ml/min) and Active (Moderate: 9.60 ± 4.52 ml/min; HIIT: 26.00 ± 15.06 ml/min) groups were different between types of exercise, but not between groups. Conclusions: The sweating rate is influenced by the intensity of the exercise, being higher after HIIT than after a moderate exercise session. However, the sweating rate variation is not affected by the subjects’ physical activity level. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic studies-Investigating a diagnostic test.
BIOLOGICAL MATURATION AND MUSCULAR STRENGTH: MEDIATION ANALYSIS IN PREPUBESCENT GIRLS
Authors: Oliveira Luz Leonardo Gomes de , D`Ávila Luz Tatiana Durão , Valente-dos-Santos João , Duarte João Pedro , Seabra André Filipe Teixeira e , Padez Cristina , Silva Manuel João Coelho e
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Biological maturation has been related to the level of physical activity and motor competence of children. Objectives: This study aimed to: 1) analyze the association between biological maturation and performance in muscular strength tests and 2) examine whether the relationship between maturation and performance in physical tests is mediated by anthropometric variables. Method: The sample was composed of 71 eight-year-old Brazilian girls. Anthropometry considered stature, body mass, waist circumference, estimated fat mass and fat-free mass. Biological maturation was assessed based on the percentage of predicted adult stature. The physical tests consisted of 2-kg medicine ball throw, handgrip strength, sit-ups and standing long jump. Pearson’s correlation test was conducted between the study variables and the last stage consisted of a causal mediation analysis. Results: Biological maturation was significantly associated with the 2-kg medicine ball throw (r=0.52) and handgrip strength (r=0.42) tests. In the 2-kg medicine ball throw, the relationship with maturation was mediated by body mass (total mediation, Sobel’s Test = 2.214, p<0.05) and by estimated lean mass (total mediation; Sobel’s Test = 3.146, p<0.001). In the handgrip strength test, body mass was the only mediating variable (total mediation; Sobel’s Test = 2.251, p<0.05). Conclusions: Advanced maturational status appears to contribute to the performance of prepubescent girls in muscular strength tests in which there is no translocation of total or partial body mass. It is recommended that studies be conducted in other age groups. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard.
MODERATE INTENSITY IS A BETTER STIMULUS TO INDUCE QUADRIPECS FEMORIS POWER IN ELDERLY ADULTS
Authors: Pinho João Pedro , Mezêncio Bruno , Hernandez Arnaldo José , Bonato Jéssica , Masuko Wellington , Soncin Rafael , Claudino João Gustavo , Serrão Júlio Cerca , Amadio Alberto Carlos
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: The best strategy for improving knee extensor power, a major functional capacity indicator in older adults, is power training. Nonetheless, the training intensity required to induce optimal gains is yet to be found. Objective: Our purpose was to compare knee extensor peak power responses between low, moderate, and high intensity load conditions (30%, 50% and 70% of 1RM). Methods: Thirteen sedentary elderly women performed six knee extensions in each load condition, calculating knee extensor mechanical work/power output and knee extension peak angular velocity. Results: No difference in peak power was found between the high (207.0 ± 68.1 W) and moderate (206.1 ± 71.6 W) load conditions (p = 0.994), and both had higher values (p ≤0.004) than the low intensity condition (135.6 ± 56.3 W). Conclusion: Moderate load at 50% of 1RM appears to be the preferred strategy for inducing knee extensor power output because in contrast with the high intensity condition, the moderate load yielded higher angular peak velocity, which is also a functional indicator. Level of Evidence ll; Therapeutic studies - Investigating treatment results.
MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND REGIONAL LEAN MASS INFLUENCE BONE MINERAL HEALTH AMONG YOUNG FEMALES
Authors: Guimarães Bianca Rosa , Pimenta Luciana Duarte , Massini Danilo Alexandre , Santos Daniel dos , Siqueira Leandro Oliveira da Cruz , Simionato Astor Reis , Santos Luís Gustavo Almeida dos , Neiva Cassiano Merussi , Pessôa Filho Dalton Muller
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Strength training is able to stimulate bone tissue metabolism by increasing mechanical stress on the skeletal system. However, the direct relationship is not yet well established among younger women, since it is necessary to describe which strength enhancement level is able to produce effective changes in bone integrity. Objectives: This study analyzed the influence of muscle strength on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) among female college students. Methods: Fifteen women (24.9 ± 7.2 years) were assessed for regional and whole-body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The one-repetition maximum (1-RM) tests were assessed on flat bench press (BP), lat pulldown (LPD), leg curl (LC), knee extension (KE), and 45 degree leg press (45LP). Linear regression analyzed the relationships of BMC/BMD with regional composition and 1-RM test values. Measures of dispersion and error (R2 adj and SEE) were tested, defining a p-value of 0.05. Results: The mean value of whole-body BMC was 1925.6 ± 240.4 g and the BMD was 1.03 ± 0.07 g/cm2. Lean mass (LM) was related to BMC (R2 adj = 0.86, p<0.01, and SEE = 35.6 g) and BMD (R2 adj = 0.46, p<0.01, SEE = 0.13 g) in the lower limbs (LL). The 1-RM tests in BP were associated with BMC and BMD (R2 adj = 0.52, p<0.01, SEE = 21.4 g, and R2 adj = 0.68, p<0.01, SEE = 0.05 g/cm2, respectively) in the upper limbs, while the 1-RM tests in KE were related to BMC and BMD (R2 adj = 0.56, p<0.01. SEE = 62.6 g, and R2 adj = 0.58, p<0.01, SEE = 0.11 g/cm2, respectively) in the lower limbs. Conclusions: Hence, the 1-RM tests for multi-joint exercises are relevant to the regional BMC/BMD, reinforcing the need to include resistance exercises in training routines with the purpose of improving muscular strength and regional lean mass, thereby ensuring a healthy bone mineral mass. Level of Evidence II; Development of diagnostic criteria in consecutive patients (with applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard).
The importance of isolated patches for maintaining local bird biodiversity and ecosystem function: a case study from the Pernambuco Center of Endemism, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Campos Leila F. A. S. , Teixeira Bruno P. , Efe Márcio A.
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT The Atlantic Forest has been highly fragmented, with the Pernambuco Center of Endemism (PCE) one of the priority areas for conservation. The Mata do Cedro forest, located in Alagoas state, northeastern Brazil, is a forest fragment within the PCE surrounded by a matrix of sugarcane that acts as a refuge for several threatened bird species, some of which are endemic to the region. Here, we characterize the bird community in Mata do Cedro using measures of species abundance, frequency of occurrence, habitat use and sensitivity to human disturbance. The functional role of species was investigated with a functional dendrogram. We registered 111 species, most resident and forest dependent. The most representative trophic categories were insectivores followed by frugivores. Of the species found, 11 are highly sensitive to human disturbances and 11 are endemic to the PCE. The bird community of the fragment is highly diversified, with endemic taxa and balanced trophic categories typical of preserved tropical forests. This community structure together with the occurrence of threatened species reinforces the importance of Mata do Cedro for the maintenance of local biodiversity and ecosystem functions.
Feeding behavior and activity period of three Neotropical bat species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) on Musa paradisiaca inflorescences (Zingiberales: Musaceae)
Authors: Pedrozo Ayesha R. , Gomes Luiz A. C. , Uieda Wilson
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT We studied the feeding behavior and the activity period of three phyllostomid bat species on Musa paradisiaca inflorescences in an orchard located in southeastern Brazil. Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766), Anoura caudifer (É. Geoffroy, 1818), and Phyllostomus discolor (Wagner, 1843) were frequently observed, videotaped, and mist-netted visiting banana inflorescences. Three approaching strategies on banana inflorescences were performed by bats: hovering (glossophagine species), upside landing (G. soricina), and downside landing (P. discolor). A new feeding behavior that consisted in hovering and licking the nectar that dripped from the distal part of a closed bract was observed for glossophagines. Visits occurred throughout the night (from 18:00 h to 05:00 h). However, activity pattern of nectarivorous bat species was significantly different from the omnivorous bat species, with the formers presenting visiting peaks at 21:00 hs and 23:30 hs, and the second at 23:45 hs and 02:30 hs. Dietary specialization, body size, and foraging behavior are important features that are linked to kind of approaching strategies to flowers and activity period of bats. Although bat visits on M. paradisiaca inflorescences are not reproductively important to banana plant, its nectar is a frequent and abundant food source for bats from the family Phyllostomidae, at least in Southeastern Brazil.