bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestaltung von individuellen Bildungs- und Karrierewegen in der Pflege
Authors: Schafstädt Christin , Scheu Tobias , Kirchmann Andrea
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Weiterbildung dient nicht nur der Erweiterung beruflicher Handlungskompetenzen und damit der Sicherstellung professionellen Handelns, sondern ist als Element zur Gestaltung der eigenen Erwerbsbiografie Bestandteil des lebenslangen Lernens. Fragestellung/Ziel: Bildungs- und Karrierewege zeichnen sich in der Domäne Pflege durch Heterogenität und eine Vielzahl an Optionen aus. Daher stellt sich die Frage, wie Pflegefachpersonen ihren individuellen Bildungsweg gestalten. Methoden: Es wurden narrative Interviews mit Pflegefachpersonen geführt, die mit der dokumentarischen Methode als hermeneutisches Verfahren ausgewertet wurden. Über die Rekonstruktion von Handlungspraktiken konnten für die Gestaltung von Bildungswegen handlungsleitende Orientierungsrahmen herausgearbeitet werden, die in eine Typik überführt wurde. Ergebnisse: Die drei Typen (1) zielorientierte Gestaltung des Bildungswegs, (2) flexible Gestaltung des Bildungswegs und (3) marktorientierte Gestaltung des Bildungswegs zeigen, dass eine selbstbestimmte Gestaltung von Bildungs- und Karrierewegen durch organisationale Praktiken gefördert, aber auch beschränkt werden kann. Schlussfolgerungen: Weiterbildungen sind nicht nur individuelle Karriereentscheidungen. Auch die Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens können als Gestalter individueller Bildungs- und Karriereverläufe angesehen werden. Vor dem Hintergrund des Fachkräftemangels in der Pflege ist es bedeutsam, die Grenzen der selbstbestimmten Gestaltung in den Blick zu nehmen, die Einfluss auf den Fachkräfteverbleib haben können.
NVT-Read – eine neue (Online-)Therapie für Patientinnen und Patienten mit hemianoper Lesestörung
Authors: Poschenrieder Julian , Kerkhoff Georg
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Die hemianope Lesestörung (hemianope Dyslexie, HD) tritt häufig bei homonymen Gesichtsfeldausfällen auf. Wir haben hierfür eine neue Kombinationstherapie entwickelt und ihre Wirksamkeit an 27 chronischen HD-Patient_innen in einem Baseline-Design mit behandlungsfreien Intervallen vor und nach Therapie überprüft. Die Patient_innen erhielten drei Lesetechniken über durchschnittlich 18 Therapiesitzungen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante und stabile Verbesserungen nach der Behandlung sowohl im Textlesen (Lesetempo, Genauigkeit), als auch in funktionalen alltagsnahen Leseleistungen (Textgedächtnis, Tippfehler suchen, Telefonnummern lesen). Auch die subjektive Symptombelastung reduzierte sich signifikant nach Therapie. 55 % der Behandelten konnten an ihren Arbeitsplatz zurückkehren. Damit steht eine neue, wirksame Lesetherapie für Patient_innen mit HD zur Verfügung, die sowohl in Kliniken oder ambulanten Praxen als auch online zu Hause durchgeführt werden kann.
Anti-Extinktions-Training: Eine neue Therapie der Visuellen Extinktion
Authors: Poschenrieder Julian , Kerkhoff Georg
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Nach einer Hirnschädigung tritt oft eine visuelle Extinktion auf, für die bislang keine Behandlung existierte. Wir haben hierfür die Anti-Extinktions-Therapie (AET) entwickelt und ihre Wirksamkeit an 23 chronischen Extinktions-Patient_innen in einem Baseline-Design mit behandlungsfreien Intervallen vor und nach der Therapie überprüft. Die Patient_innen erlernten eine neue Blickstrategie zur raschen Erfassung multipler visueller Reize im gesamten Gesichtsfeld. Die Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante und stabile Verbesserungen in der visuellen Extinktion, einen signifikanten Transfer auf funktionale, nichtgeübte Explorationsleistungen (Personen-Scanning), sowie eine Reduktion der Symptombelastung. 66 % der Behandelten konnten an ihren Arbeitsplatz zurückkehren. Damit steht mit der AET eine neue, wirksame Therapie der visuellen Extinktion zur Verfügung. Die AET ist Teil des Neuro-Vision-Trainings (NVT) und kann sowohl stationär, ambulant und zu Hause durchgeführt werden.
Combining Satellite, Teleconnection, and In Situ Data to Improve Understanding of Multi‐Decadal Coastal Ice Cover Dynamics on Earth's Largest Freshwater Lake
Authors: Venumuddula Manish , Kirchner Karl , Chen Austin , Rood Richard B. , Gronewold Andrew D.
Published: December 2024

To differentiate and understand drivers behind coastal ice cover trends and variability, we advance development of a model combining satellite, in situ, and teleconnection data along the shoreline of Earth's largest freshwater lake (Lake Superior). Previous studies suggest a regime shift in Lake Superior's ice cover starting in 1998. Our study includes seven years of new data and subsequent model analysis that provide new insight into characteristics of the post‐1998 regime. In addition to providing a valuable extension to the historical ice cover record for this domain, we find the regime shift in coastal ice cover starting in 1998 is characterized by pronounced variability, and not simply a shift in pre‐1998 trends. Our findings represent an important stepping stone for future ice and climate modeling not only on Lake Superior but across the entire Great Lakes region and in other global high‐latitude coastal regions as well.
No Temporal Change Seen in High‐Frequency Waves Scattered Near the Core‐Mantle Boundary
Authors: Wang Ruoyan , Vidale John E. , Wang Wei
Published: December 2024

The core‐mantle boundary (CMB) and the outermost core are dynamic and heterogeneous regions with time‐dependent flows. We examine two seismic raypaths, diffracted P and PKP precursors—both replete with scattering, with precisely repeating earthquakes. These earthquakes, occurring in the South Sandwich Islands, were recorded on the Yellowknife array in Canada, the Alice Springs array in Australia, and the Eilson Array in United States for the past 30 years. In all the most resolved cases, five for diffracted P and 19 for PKP precursors, we observe 1–2 Hz scattered waves that exactly repeat within the resolution of our study for more than 10 s. Although the absence of observable changes is unsurprising, it imposes constraints on potential temporal variations near the CMB. This suggests that any dynamic processes in this region might either be too subtle to detect, even with high‐frequency waves, or occur on different timescales.
Impact of Corner‐Bridge Flow on Capillary Pressure Curve: Insights From Microfluidic Experiments and Pore‐Network Modeling
Authors: Lan Tian , Hu Ran , Wang Guan‐Xiong , Yang Zhibing , Chen Yi‐Feng
Published: December 2024

The capillary pressure curve is essential for predicting multiphase flow processes in geological systems. At low saturations, wetting films form and become important, but how wetting films control this curve remains inadequately understood. In this study, we combine microfluidic experiments with pore‐network modeling to investigate the impact of corner‐bridge flow on the capillary pressure curve in porous media. Using a CMOS camera and a confocal laser scanning microscopy, we directly observe the corner‐bridge flow under quasi‐static drainage displacement, revealing that corner‐bridge flow serves as an additional flow path to drain trapped water. Consequently, the capillary pressure curve shifts toward lower saturations, resulting in a reduced water residual saturation. We establish a theoretical criterion for the occurrence of corner‐bridge flow and develop a pore‐network model to simulate quasi‐static drainage, taking into account this additional flow path. Pore‐network modeling results agree well with our experimental observation. On this basis, we employ our pore‐network model to systematically analyze the impact of corner‐bridge flow on capillary pressure curve across varying porosity, pore‐scale disorder, and system size. Results indicate that the impact of corner‐bridge flow becomes more pronounced as porosity decreases and shape factor increases. Our findings demonstrate that the maximum decrease of water residual saturation is 0.19 when porosity is at its minimum, and the shape factor is at its maximum. This work bridges the gap between the pore‐scale mechanism and capillary pressure behavior and has significant implications for estimating the amount of extractable water and the CO2 storage capacity.
Medical and sociodemographic characteristics related to feeding therapy referral and service provision for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Nguyen Tiana T. , Pineda Roberta , Reynolds Stacey , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Kane Audrey E.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To determine the scope of feeding therapy for preterm infants in the NICU and medical and sociodemographic factors related to feeding therapy referral and service provision.

Study design

Retrospective study of infants born <37 weeks gestation in a level IV NICU between January 2017 and December 2019.

Result

Among 547 infants, 27% of infants received a feeding therapy referral, and 74% of those referrals were problem-based referrals. Feeding therapy referrals were more likely among infants with lower gestational ages and birthweights (both p < 0.001). In addition, infants with greater medical complexity, who required oxygen at 36 weeks, who had a history of mechanical ventilation, and who had a higher postmenstrual age at discharge were more likely to be referred to feeding therapy (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion

While medical factors relate to feeding therapy referrals, there are other complex person and system factors that determine feeding therapy referral and service provision.
Bifocal retinal degeneration observed on ultra-widefield autofluorescence in some cases of CRX-associated retinopathy
Authors: Lin Siying , Arno Gavin , Robson Anthony G. , Schiff Elena R. , Mohamed Moin D. , Michaelides Michel , Webster Andrew R. , Mahroo Omar A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Variants in CRX are associated with dominantly inherited retinopathy with considerable phenotypic variability. Many patients have central retinal degeneration; in some patients, we have observed an additional focus of degeneration in the nasal retina. This study explores this phenotypic association amongst patients with CRX-associated disease.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted for all patients with dominant CRX-associated retinopathy at two UK centres. Analysis focused on patients with available ultra-widefield autofluorescence imaging and aimed to identify those with a specific bifocal degeneration pattern involving the nasal retina in both eyes.

Results

Sixty patients were identified, with ultra-widefield fundus imaging available for 50 patients. Of these, six male patients aged 26–74 years displayed a distinct pattern characterised by central retinal degeneration and an additional discrete area of altered autofluorescence in the nasal periphery. Pattern and full-field ERGs indicated macular dysfunction in all 6 cases, with generalised cone (n = 2) or cone and rod (n = 4) system involvement, with a locus that appeared to be post-phototransduction. The CRX variants found in these patients included missense variants (n = 2), frameshifting variants (n = 3), and a CRX whole gene deletion (n = 1), with no clear genotype-phenotype correlation identified.

Conclusions

We report a distinct pattern of bifocal retinal degeneration in some cases of CRX-associated retinopathy (12% in our cohort), not typically seen in other forms of inherited retinal disease. Recognising such phenotypes can guide genetic investigations or their interpretation, facilitating molecular diagnoses for effective family counselling, given the autosomal dominant inheritance and phenotypic variability of CRX-associated retinopathy.
The genetic landscape of autism spectrum disorder in an ancestrally diverse cohort
Authors: Gogate Ashlesha , Kaur Kiran , Khalil Raida , Bashtawi Mahmoud , Morris Mary Ann , Goodspeed Kimberly , Evans Patricia , Chahrour Maria H.
Published: December 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises neurodevelopmental disorders with wide variability in genetic causes and phenotypes, making it challenging to pinpoint causal genes. We performed whole exome sequencing on a modest, ancestrally diverse cohort of 195 families, including 754 individuals (222 with ASD), and identified 38,834 novel private variants. In 68 individuals with ASD (~30%), we identified 92 potentially pathogenic variants in 73 known genes, including BCORL1, CDKL5, CHAMP1, KAT6A, MECP2, and SETD1B. Additionally, we identified 158 potentially pathogenic variants in 120 candidate genes, including DLG3, GABRQ, KALRN, KCTD16, and SLC8A3. We also found 34 copy number variants in 31 individuals overlapping known ASD loci. Our work expands the catalog of ASD genetics by identifying hundreds of variants across diverse ancestral backgrounds, highlighting convergence on nervous system development and signal transduction. These findings provide insights into the genetic underpinnings of ASD and inform molecular diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets.
Isoprene nitrates drive new particle formation in Amazon’s upper troposphere
Authors: Curtius Joachim , Heinritzi Martin , Beck Lisa J. , Pöhlker Mira L. , Tripathi Nidhi , Krumm Bianca E. , Holzbeck Philip , Nussbaumer Clara M. , Hernández Pardo Lianet , Klimach Thomas , Barmpounis Konstantinos , Andersen Simone T. , Bardakov Roman , Bohn Birger , Cecchini Micael A. , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Dauhut Thibaut , Dienhart Dirk , Dörich Raphael , Edtbauer Achim , Giez Andreas , Hartmann Antonia , Holanda Bruna A. , Joppe Philipp , Kaiser Katharina , Keber Timo , Klebach Hannah , Krüger Ovid O. , Kürten Andreas , Mallaun Christian , Marno Daniel , Martinez Monica , Monteiro Carolina , Nelson Carolina , Ort Linda , Raj Subha S. , Richter Sarah , Ringsdorf Akima , Rocha Fabio , Simon Mario , Sreekumar Sreedev , Tsokankunku Anywhere , Unfer Gabriela R. , Valenti Isabella D. , Wang Nijing , Zahn Andreas , Zauner-Wieczorek Marcel , Albrecht Rachel I. , Andreae Meinrat O. , Artaxo Paulo , Crowley John N. , Fischer Horst , Harder Hartwig , Herdies Dirceu L. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Pöhlker Christopher , Pöschl Ulrich , Possner Anna , Pozzer Andrea , Schneider Johannes , Williams Jonathan , Lelieveld Jos
Published: December 2024

New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical upper troposphere is a globally important source of atmospheric aerosols1–4. It is known to occur over the Amazon basin, but the nucleation mechanism and chemical precursors have yet to be identified2. Here we present comprehensive in situ aircraft measurements showing that extremely low-volatile oxidation products of isoprene, particularly certain organonitrates, drive NPF in the Amazonian upper troposphere. The organonitrates originate from OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene from forest emissions in the presence of nitrogen oxides from lightning. Nucleation bursts start about 2 h after sunrise in the outflow of nocturnal deep convection, producing high aerosol concentrations of more than 50,000 particles cm−3. We report measurements of characteristic diurnal cycles of precursor gases and particles. Our observations show that the interplay between biogenic isoprene, deep tropical convection with associated lightning, oxidation photochemistry and the low ambient temperature uniquely promotes NPF. The particles grow over time, undergo long-range transport and descend through subsidence to the lower troposphere, in which they can serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) that influence the Earth’s hydrological cycle, radiation budget and climate1,4–8.
Probabilistic weather forecasting with machine learning
Authors: Price Ilan , Sanchez-Gonzalez Alvaro , Alet Ferran , Andersson Tom R. , El-Kadi Andrew , Masters Dominic , Ewalds Timo , Stott Jacklynn , Mohamed Shakir , Battaglia Peter , Lam Remi , Willson Matthew
Published: December 2024

Weather forecasts are fundamentally uncertain, so predicting the range of probable weather scenarios is crucial for important decisions, from warning the public about hazardous weather to planning renewable energy use. Traditionally, weather forecasts have been based on numerical weather prediction (NWP)1, which relies on physics-based simulations of the atmosphere. Recent advances in machine learning (ML)-based weather prediction (MLWP) have produced ML-based models with less forecast error than single NWP simulations2,3. However, these advances have focused primarily on single, deterministic forecasts that fail to represent uncertainty and estimate risk. Overall, MLWP has remained less accurate and reliable than state-of-the-art NWP ensemble forecasts. Here we introduce GenCast, a probabilistic weather model with greater skill and speed than the top operational medium-range weather forecast in the world, ENS, the ensemble forecast of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts4. GenCast is an ML weather prediction method, trained on decades of reanalysis data. GenCast generates an ensemble of stochastic 15-day global forecasts, at 12-h steps and 0.25° latitude–longitude resolution, for more than 80 surface and atmospheric variables, in 8 min. It has greater skill than ENS on 97.2% of 1,320 targets we evaluated and better predicts extreme weather, tropical cyclone tracks and wind power production. This work helps open the next chapter in operational weather forecasting, in which crucial weather-dependent decisions are made more accurately and efficiently.
Macrophages excite muscle spindles with glutamate to bolster locomotion
Authors: Yan Yuyang , Antolin Nuria , Zhou Luming , Xu Luyang , Vargas Irene Lisa , Gomez Carlos Daniel , Kong Guiping , Palmisano Ilaria , Yang Yi , Chadwick Jessica , Müller Franziska , Bull Anthony M. J. , Lo Celso Cristina , Primiano Guido , Servidei Serenella , Perrier Jean François , Bellardita Carmelo , Di Giovanni Simone
Published: December 2024

The stretch reflex is a fundamental component of the motor system that orchestrates the coordinated muscle contractions underlying movement. At the heart of this process lie the muscle spindles (MS), specialized receptors finely attuned to fluctuations in tension within intrafusal muscle fibres. The tension variation in the MS triggers a series of neuronal events including an initial depolarization of sensory type Ia afferents that subsequently causes the activation of motoneurons within the spinal cord1,2. This neuronal cascade culminates in the execution of muscle contraction, underscoring a presumed closed-loop mechanism between the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. By contrast, here we report the discovery of a new population of macrophages with exclusive molecular and functional signatures within the MS that express the machinery for synthesizing and releasing glutamate. Using mouse intersectional genetics with optogenetics and electrophysiology, we show that activation of MS macrophages (MSMP) drives proprioceptive sensory neuron firing on a millisecond timescale. MSMP activate spinal circuits, motor neurons and muscles by means of a glutamate-dependent mechanism that excites the MS. Furthermore, MSMP respond to neural and muscle activation by increasing the expression of glutaminase, enabling them to convert the uptaken glutamine released by myocytes during muscle contraction into glutamate. Selective silencing or depletion of MSMP in hindlimb muscles disrupted the modulation of the stretch reflex for force generation and sensory feedback correction, impairing locomotor strategies in mice. Our results have identified a new cellular component, the MSMP, that directly regulates neural activity and muscle contraction. The glutamate-mediated signalling of MSMP and their dynamic response to sensory cues introduce a new dimension to our understanding of sensation and motor action, potentially offering innovative therapeutic approaches in conditions that affect sensorimotor function.
Tracking transcription–translation coupling in real time
Authors: Qureshi Nusrat Shahin , Duss Olivier
Published: December 2024

A central question in biology is how macromolecular machines function cooperatively. In bacteria, transcription and translation occur in the same cellular compartment, and can be physically and functionally coupled1–4. Although high-resolution structures of the ribosome–RNA polymerase (RNAP) complex have provided initial mechanistic insights into the coupling process5–10, we lack knowledge of how these structural snapshots are placed along a dynamic reaction trajectory. Here we reconstitute a complete and active transcription–translation system and develop multi-colour single-molecule fluorescence microscopy experiments to directly and simultaneously track transcription elongation, translation elongation and the physical and functional coupling between the ribosome and the RNAP in real time. Our data show that physical coupling between ribosome and RNAP can occur over hundreds of nucleotides of intervening mRNA by mRNA looping, a process facilitated by NusG. We detect active transcription elongation during mRNA looping and show that NusA-paused RNAPs can be activated by the ribosome by long-range physical coupling. Conversely, the ribosome slows down while colliding with the RNAP. We hereby provide an alternative explanation for how the ribosome can efficiently rescue RNAP from frequent pausing without requiring collisions by a closely trailing ribosome. Overall, our dynamic data mechanistically highlight an example of how two central macromolecular machineries, the ribosome and RNAP, can physically and functionally cooperate to optimize gene expression.
Factors affecting vection and motion sickness in a passive virtual reality driving simulation
Authors: Hughes Benjamin P. , Naeem Hassan N. , Davidenko Nicolas
Published: December 2024

The current study sought to examine factors that affect vection (the illusory experience of self-motion in the absence of real motion), visually-induced motion sickness, and one’s sense of presence in a passive virtual reality driving simulation by exposing participants to 60-s pre-recorded driving laps and recording their self-reported metrics as well as their head motion patterns during the laps. Faster virtual driving speed (average 120 mph vs. 60 mph) resulted in significantly higher ratings of vection and motion sickness. Reclined posture (30° back) was examined as a possible mitigating factor for sickness, but no significant effects were found. Expanding visual cues (representing forward self-motion) resulted in higher ratings of vection, motion sickness, and presence compared to contracting cues (representing reverse self-motion) and translational cues (representing lateral self-motion). When experiencing typical upright, world-aligned, forward-facing conditions, conformity to the median head motions along the yaw axis was associated with higher ratings of vection, motion sickness, and presence at slow speeds and with vection and presence at high speeds. These findings underscore the importance of head motion patterns as a metric for behavior and contribute to the general understanding of illusory self-motion perception.
Teleoperation system for multiple robots with intuitive hand recognition interface
Authors: Zick Lucas Alexandre , Martinelli Dieisson , Schneider de Oliveira André , Cremer Kalempa Vivian
Published: December 2024

Robotic teleoperation is essential for hazardous environments where human safety is at risk. However, efficient and intuitive human–machine interaction for multi-robot systems remains challenging. This article aims to demonstrate a robotic teleoperation system, denominated AutoNav, centered around autonomous navigation and gesture commands interpreted through computer vision. The central focus is on recognizing the palm of the hand as a control interface to facilitate human–machine interaction in the context of multi-robots. The MediaPipe framework was integrated to implement gesture recognition from a USB camera. The system was developed using the Robot Operating System, employing a simulated environment that includes the Gazebo and RViz applications with multiple TurtleBot 3 robots. The main results show a reduction of approximately 50% in the execution time, coupled with an increase in free time during teleoperation, reaching up to 94% of the total execution time. Furthermore, there is a decrease in collisions. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the robotic control algorithm, showcasing its promise in managing teleoperations across multi-robots. This study fills a knowledge gap by developing a hand gesture-based control interface for more efficient and safer multi-robot teleoperation. These findings enhance human–machine interaction in complex robotic operations. A video showing the system working is available at https://youtu.be/94S4nJ3IwUw.
Enhancing corneal ectasia susceptibility detection: analysis of a new algorithm (BAD-D v4)
Authors: Lopes Bernardo T , Belin Michael W , Henriquez Maria A. , Izquierdo Luis , Kohnen Thomas , Ambrosio Renato
Published: December 2024

Accurate detection of post-refractive ectasia susceptibility is essential during preoperative evaluation for laser vision correction (LVC) due to the risk of progressive corneal ectasia and vision decline post-surgery. Despite improved screening and a reduced incidence from 0.66 to 0.033%, iatrogenic ectasia remains a concern due to the severe vision loss it can cause, highlighting the need for more accurate detection tools. A new optimized version of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display version 4 (BAD-D v4) was developed and validated across 26 international centers to enhance the detection of keratoconus and very asymmetric ectasia and to assess the risk of post-refractive ectasia. Analyzing a dataset of 3,886 eyes from 3,351 patients, including normal, keratoconus (KC), and cases with very asymmetric ectasia (VAE) categories, having one eye with normal topography (VAE-NT and the fellow eye with clinical ectasia (VAE-E). The study utilized an optimized logistic regression algorithm improving diagnostic accuracy. The BAD-D v4 showed superior efficacy in differentiating normal eyes from ectatic conditions, with Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) scores of 0.997 and 0.998 in training and testing samples for normal versus clinical ectasia. Additionally, in Normal vs. Disease (KC + VAE), the AUROC was 0.974 and 0.966, and in the challenging Normal vs. VAE-NT diverse group, it scored 0.905 and 0.858. These results outperformed the current version (BAD-D v3) and were comparable to the Pentacam Random Forest Index in all tested scenarios, highlighting the potential of BAD-D v4 in early ectasia detection, without altering the index scale or the end-user experience.
Functional regression for SERS spectrum transformation across diverse instruments
Authors: Wang Tao , Yang Yanjun , Lu Haoran , Cui Jiaheng , Chen Xianyan , Ma Ping , Zhong Wenxuan , Zhao Yiping
Published: December 2024

A SERS instrument transformation framework based on the penalized functional regression model (SpectraFRM) is proposed for cross-instrument mapping with subsequent machine learning classification to compare transformed spectra with standard spectra.
ICT-based fluorescent nanoparticles for selective cyanide ion detection and quantification in apple seeds
Authors: Gandra Upendar Reddy , Lo Rabindranath , Managutti Praveen B. , Butt Abdul Mannan , Reddy Pogula Sreekanth , Qurashi Ahasan Ul Haq , Mohamed Sharmarke , Mohideen M. Infas H.
Published: December 2024

We report a dicyanovinyl-substituted thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-based probe (DCVTT), which exhibits promising potential for selective recognition of CN− ions amidst a variety of other anions, driven by a binding-induced modulated ICT response.
Peptide-induced chirality transfer and circularly polarized luminescence in achiral BODIPY emitters via halogen bonding
Authors: Show Soumyadip , Jamadar Akshoy , Gorai Sudip , Mula Soumyaditya , Das Anindita
Published: December 2024

This paper reports hierarchical assemblies and chiral induction in achiral BODIPY emitters through peptide-mediated halogen bonding, leading to circularly polarized luminescence with a remarkably high glum value of −1.2 (±0.075) × 10−2.
R-Substituent vs. exocyclic oxygen: influence on synthesis and crystal packing of R-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-c]cinnoline mono- and dioxides
Authors: Zelenov Victor P. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Samigullina Aida I. , Larin Alexandr A. , Sheremetev Aleksei B.
Published: December 2024

Nine R-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-c]cinnoline oxides were obtained, and the efficiency of 14N NMR in detecting compounds was demonstrated. Variation in substituents at different positions leads to partial isostructurality of the crystal structures.
Freely suspended nematic and smectic films and free-standing smectic filaments in the ferroelectric nematic realm
Authors: Hedlund Keith G. , Martinez Vikina , Chen Xi , Park Cheol S. , Maclennan Joseph E. , Glaser Matthew A. , Clark Noel A.
Published: December 2024

Freely suspended ferroelectric smectic A film viewed in reflection. Director bend and splay are both suppressed in this highly polar phase, giving a mosaic of locally uniform, block-like smectic domains separated by sharp grain boundaries.
Strain-engineered bright excitons and a nearly flat band in monolayer SnNBr for high-speed LED applications
Authors: Seksaria Harshita , Nandi Pradip , De Sarkar Abir
Published: December 2024

Tensile (compressive) strain results in a flatter (narrower) valence band, enhancing (diminishing) exciton brightness.
Proton -conducting lanthanide metal–organic frameworks: a multifunctional platform
Authors: Biswas Soumava , Thapa Dev Kumar , Mandal Leena
Published: December 2024

A concise overview of multifunctional applications of proton-conducting lanthanide MOFs.
Spectroscopic characterization of uranium atoms in uranium-dioxide laser-produced plasma in a high-vacuum environment
Authors: Kuwahara Akira , Murakami Kenta , Mizushima Yuki , Tomita Hideki
Published: December 2024

The UO2 ablation plume had a double layer due to charged particles, and the spectra of the U atoms do not exhibit clear spectral splitting. Moreover, the U atoms in the 5L6 ground state and low-lying 5K5 meta-stable state were probed.
An integrated microfluidic device for sorting of tumor organoids using image recognition
Authors: Yan Xingyang , Tan Deng , Yu Lei , Li Danyu , Wang Zhenghao , Huang Weiren , Wu Hongkai
Published: December 2024

We developed an automated, portable, label-free microfluidic device that utilizes image processing algorithms to recognize patient-derived tumor organoids of specific sizes and microvalve-controlled deflection for efficient sorting and collection.
Mechanistic insights into the formation and deconstruction of phenyl glycoside linkages in lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Beck Seth , Mushrif Samir H.
Published: December 2024

The present work elucidates reaction mechanisms and energetics of the formation and deconstruction of phenyl glycoside linkages in native biomass.
Tungsten-catalyzed stereodivergent isomerization of terminal olefins
Authors: Jankins Tanner C. , Rubel Camille Z. , Ho Hang Chi , Martin-Montero Raul , Engle Keary M.
Published: December 2024

A stereodivergent, W-catalyzed alkene isomerization is reported, leading to either E- or Z-β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds based on the ligand environment around the metal.
Nanoparticle adhesion at liquid interfaces
Authors: Sun Ke , Gizaw Yonas , Kusumaatmaja Halim , Voïtchovsky Kislon
Published: December 2024

The influence of nanoparticle size, shape and wettability on adhesion at liquid interfaces is explored using a combination of atomic force microscopy and computer simulations.
Overcoming the probing-depth dilemma in spectroscopic analyses of batteries with muon-induced X-ray emission (MIXE)
Authors: Quérel Edouard , Biswas Sayani , Heiss Michael W. , Gerchow Lars , Wang Qing , Asakura Ryo , Müller Gian , Das Debarchan , Guguchia Zurab , Hotz Fabian , Janka Gianluca , Knecht Andreas , Luetkens Hubertus , Mielke Charles , Vigo Carlos , Wang Chennan , Vogiatzi Stergiani Marina , Shiroka Toni , Prokscha Thomas , von Schoeler Katharina , Asari Shunsuke , Chiu I.-Huan , Sato Akira , Ninomiya Kazuhiko , Niikura Megumi , Battaglia Corsin , Amato Alex , Remhof Arndt
Published: December 2024

An introductory guide to muon-induced X-ray emission (MIXE) for the battery community, highlighting both the potential and limitations of this novel characterization technique with extended probing depth.
Strain-tuning of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and valley topological phase transition in the SVNH monolayer
Authors: Chen Xiang-Jie , Gao Zhen , Xu Yong-Hu , Qin Meng-Ran , He Yao , Xiong Kai
Published: December 2024

Materials that exhibit both perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall phenomenon provide a pathway for the application of valleytronics.
Pentacarbonitrile-based efficient near-infrared thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs via suppressing excited-state structural relaxation
Authors: Hu Shengkai , Li Yang , Zhang Kai , Zhou Dong-Ying , Liao Liang-Sheng , Fan Jian
Published: December 2024

The intramolecular steric hindrance induced an excited-state structural relaxation, which led to an emission in toluene beyond 800 nm.
Biochemical basis and therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncoupling in cardiometabolic syndrome
Authors: dos Santos Bernardo Gindri , Brisnovali Niki F. , Goedeke Leigh
Published: December 2024

Mild uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is an intrinsic property of all mitochondria, allowing for adjustments in cellular energy metabolism to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Small molecule uncouplers have been extensively studied for their potential to increase metabolic rate, and recent research has focused on developing safe and effective mitochondrial uncoupling agents for the treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). Here, we provide a brief overview of CMS and cover the recent mechanisms by which chemical uncouplers regulate CMS-associated risk-factors and comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, steatotic liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Additionally, we review the current landscape of uncoupling agents, focusing on repurposed FDA-approved drugs and compounds in advanced preclinical or early-stage clinical development. Lastly, we discuss recent molecular insights by which chemical uncouplers enhance cellular energy expenditure, highlighting their potential as a new addition to the current CMS drug landscape, and outline several limitations that need to be addressed before these agents can successfully be introduced into clinical practice.
Robust learning‐based iterative model predictive control for unknown non‐linear systems
Authors: Hashimoto Wataru , Hashimoto Kazumune , Kishida Masako , Takai Shigemasa
Published: December 2024

This study presents a learning‐based iterative model predictive control (MPC) scheme for unknown (Lipschitz continuous) nonlinear dynamical systems. The proposed method begins by learning the unknown part of the controlled system using a Gaussian process (GP), which helps derive multi‐step reachable sets that are guaranteed to encompass the actual system states. At each time step in each iteration, the MPC controller calculates a sequence of control inputs that robustly satisfy state and control constraints, as well as terminal constraints based on the GP‐based reachable sets. Then only the first control input is applied to the system. After the iteration, the initial state is reset, and the same procedure is executed with the MPC optimization problem defined by the updated terminal set and cost. As iteration goes on, improvement of the control performance is expected since more data is obtained and the environment is progressively explored. The proposed method provides properties such as recursive feasibility and input to state stability of the goal region under certain assumptions. Moreover, bound on the performance cost in each iteration associated with the implementation of the proposed MPC scheme is also analyzed. The results of the simulation study show that the proposed control scheme can iteratively improve the control performance.
Transient energy storage systems for fast frequency response: Power‐train considerations
Authors: Hu Yiheng , Schofield Nigel , Zhao Nan
Published: December 2024

Renewable energy sources generate power intermittently, which poses challenges in meeting power demand. The use of transient energy storage systems (TESSs) has proven to be an effective solution to this issue. Hence, it is crucial to understand the impact of TESS components design on sizing the power‐train system during fast frequency response. While power‐train systems have been extensively discussed, the impact of dc‐link voltage on the TESS power‐* train and associated power electronics specification requirements has not been evaluated. This study uses a sodium‐nickel chloride (NaNiCl2) battery‐based TESS to assess different power‐train options. Specifically, the research investigates the impact of variations in dc‐link voltage due to battery regulation and state‐of‐charge (SoC) on the design of the TESS‐connected power‐train system, since these will be the major contributions to the power‐train system performance envelope. This paper also compares the performance of TESS power‐train systems with four different schemes. The power‐train models include the detailed modelling of energy sources, power electronic converters, and transformers based on published parameters and testing data. Additionally, the study proposes a performance index to evaluate the superiority of the four schemes in terms of voltage and current rating, efficiency and battery size.
Near‐field scattering centre modelling for complex targets
Authors: Chen Yanxi , Guo Kunyi , Liu Zhouyang , Sheng Xinqing
Published: December 2024

The parametric scattering centre (SC) model of the target has been widely used in the rapid simulation of radar image. Most of the existing SC models are suitable for far‐field scattering where the radar cross section (RCS) is independent of the distance from the target to the radar. However, when the electromagnetic scattering of the target is in the near‐field region of radiation, the RCS of the target changes dramatically in distance. The existing SC model cannot characterise these important near‐field characteristics. In this paper, the near‐field model with the dependence description of the SC on the distance is proposed. Firstly, the scattering characteristics of several main geometric structures of the extended target in the near‐field radiation region are analysed. Then, on the basis of far‐field SC model expressions, the description of the relationship between amplitude and phase of the SC model and distance is added. Finally, the correctness of the near‐field SC model is verified by comparing with the accurate full‐wave numerical method. In order to further illustrate the practicability of the near‐field SC model, an actual aircraft target is used. The results proved that the near‐field SC model has the advantages of high accuracy and high computational efficiency.
High-temperature measurements of acetylene VUV absorption cross sections and application to warm exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Fleury Benjamin , Poveda Mathilde , Benilan Yves , Veillet Roméo , Venot Olivia , Tremblin Pascal , Fray Nicolas , Gazeau Marie-Claire , Schwell Martin , Jolly Antoine , de Oliveira Nelson , Es-sebbar Et-touhami
Published: December 2024

Context. Most observed exoplanets have high equilibrium temperatures (Teq > 500 K). Understanding the chemistry of their atmospheres and interpreting their observations requires the use of chemical kinetic models including photochemistry. The thermal dependence of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption cross sections of molecules used in these models is poorly known at high temperatures, leading to uncertainties in the resulting abundance profiles.

Aims. The aim of our work is to study experimentally the thermal dependence of VUV absorption cross sections of molecules of interest for exoplanet atmospheres and provide accurate data for use in atmospheric models. This study focuses on acetylene (C2H2).

Methods. We measured absorption cross sections of C2H2 at seven temperatures ranging from 296 to 773 K recorded in the 115–230 nm spectral domain using VUV spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation. These data were used in our 1D thermo-photochemical model, to assess their impact on the predicted composition of a generic hot Jupiter-like exoplanet atmosphere.

Results. The absolute absorption cross sections of C2H2 increase with temperature. This increase is relatively constant from 115 to 185 nm and rises sharply from 185 to 230 nm. The abundance profile of C2H2 calculated using the model shows a slight variation, with a maximum decrease of 40% near 5 × 10−5 bar, when using C2H2 absorption cross sections measured at 773 K compared to those at 296 K. This is explained by the absorption, higher in the atmosphere, of the actinic flux from 150 to 230 nm due to the increase in the C2H2 absorption in this spectral range. This change also impacts the abundance profiles of other by-products such as methane (CH4) and ethylene (C2H4).

Conclusions. We present the first experimental measurements of the VUV absorption cross sections of C2H2 at high temperatures. Similar studies of other major species are needed to improve our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres.
The impact of resistivity on the variability of black hole accretion flows
Authors: Nathanail Antonios , Mizuno Yosuke , Contopoulos Ioannis , Fromm Christian M. , Cruz-Osorio Alejandro , Moriyama Kotaro , Rezzolla Luciano
Published: December 2024

Context. The accretion of magnetized plasma onto black holes is a complex and dynamic process in which the magnetic field plays a crucial role. The amount of magnetic flux that is accumulated near the event horizon significantly impacts the accretion flow behavior. Resistivity, which is a measure of how easily magnetic fields can dissipate, is thought to be a key factor influencing this process.

Aims. This work explores the influence of resistivity on the accretion flow variability. We investigated simulations that reached the limit of the magnetically arrested disk (MAD) and simulations with an initial multi-loop magnetic field configuration.

Methods. We employed 3D resistive general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to model the accretion process under various regimes, where resistivity is globally constant (uniform resistivity).

Results. Our findings reveal distinct flow behaviors depending on resistivity. High-resistivity simulations never achieved the MAD state, which indicates a disturbed magnetic-flux accumulation process. Conversely, low-resistivity simulations converged toward the ideal MHD limit. The key results are that i) for the standard MAD model, resistivity plays a minimum role in flow variability, suggesting that flux eruption events dominate the dynamics. ii) High-resistivity simulations exhibit strong magnetic field diffusion into the disk that rearranges the efficient magnetic flux accumulation from the accretion flow. iii) In multi-loop simulations, resistivity significantly reduces the flow variability, which was not expected. However, magnetic flux accumulation becomes more variable as a result of frequent reconnection events at very low resistivity values.

Conclusions. This study shows that resistivity affects how much the flow is distorted as a result of the magnetic field dissipation. Our findings provide new insights into the interplay between magnetic field accumulation, resistivity, variability, and the dynamics of black hole accretion.
Unveiling VVV/WISE Mira variables on the far side of the Galactic disk
Authors: Albarracín R. , Zoccali M. , Carvajal J. Olivares , Rojas-Arriagada Á. , Minniti J. H. , Catelan M. , De Leo M. , Gran F. , Ramos R. Contreras , Navarro Á. Valenzuela , Salvo-Guajardo C.
Published: December 2024

Context. The structure and kinematics of the Milky Way disk are largely inferred from the solar vicinity. To gain a comprehensive understanding, it is essential to find reliable tracers in less explored regions such as the bulge and the far side of the disk. Mira variables, which are well studied and bright standard candles, offer an excellent opportunity to trace intermediate and old populations in these complex regions.

Aims. We aim to isolate a clean sample of Miras in the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea survey using Gaussian process algorithms. This sample will be used to study intermediate and old age populations in the Galactic bulge and far disk.

Methods. Near- and mid-infrared time-series photometry were processed using Gaussian Process algorithms to identify Mira variables and model their light curves. We calibrated selection criteria with a visually inspected sample to create a high-purity sample of Miras, integrating multiband photometry and kinematic data from proper motions.

Results. We present a catalog of 3602 Mira variables. By analyzing photometry, we classify them by O-rich or C-rich surface chemistry and derive selective-to-total extinction ratios of AKs/E(J − Ks) = 0.471 ± 0.01 and AKs/E(H − Ks) = 1.320 ± 0.020. Using the Mira period-age relation, we find evidence supporting the inside-out formation of the Milky Way disk. The distribution of proper motions and distances aligns with the Galactic rotation curve and disk kinematics. We extend the rotation curve up to RGC ~ 17 kpc and find no strong evidence of the nuclear stellar disk in our Mira sample. This study constitutes the largest catalog of variable stars on the far side of the Galactic disk to date.
ESPRESSO reveals a single but perturbed broad-line region in the supermassive black hole binary candidate PG 1302–102
Authors: Rigamonti Fabio , Severgnini Paola , Sottocorno Erika , Dotti Massimo , Covino Stefano , Landoni Marco , Bertassi Lorenzo , Braito Valentina , Cicone Claudia , Cupani Guido , De Rosa Alessandra , Della Ceca Roberto , Ighina Luca , Singh Jasbir , Vignali Cristian
Published: December 2024

In this work, we present a new, fully Bayesian analysis of the highest-resolution optical spectrum of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary candidate PG 1302−102, obtained with ESPRESSO at the VLT (R ≃ 138 000). Our methodology, based on robust Bayesian model selection, reveals the presence of multiple narrow emission lines at the expected redshift of the source and confirms (for Hβ) and detects (for Hγ) the clear presence of redshifted broad components. Additionally, we have discovered a “very broad” and, if it is associated with the Hβ, “very redshifted” component at λ ≃ 5000 Å. We evaluate two scenarios for explaining the observed broad emission line (BEL) features in PG 1302−102. In the case in which the redshifted BEL asymmetry arises from the orbital motion of a putative binary, our measurements coupled with simple estimates of the broad-line region (BLR) sizes suggest that the individual black hole BLRs are either settled in a single BLR or in the process of merging and, therefore truncated and highly disturbed. Alternatively, in the scenario of a single SMBH, we explain the distorted emission of the BELs with a nonsymmetric distribution of the BLR clouds; namely, a thin disk with a spiral perturbation. This BLR configuration is statistically preferred over any empirical multi-Gaussian fit and simultaneously explains the asymmetric emission of the Hβ and Hγ close to the bulk of the line and any additional excess (or the lack of it, in the case of the Hγ) at much longer wavelengths. The physical origins of the perturbation are still unclear and a connection with the possible presence of a black hole binary cannot be ruled out. Given the growing evidence from theoretical and observational works demonstrating the common presence of disturbed BLRs in active galactic nuclei, we argue that an origin related to self-gravitating instabilities may be more plausible.