bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATTITUDINAL MEANING IN MARTIN LUTHER KING JR SPEECH: A FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR APPROACH
Authors: Haq Azka Saeful , Indrayani Lia Maulia , Soemantri Ypsi Soeria
Published: July 2020

Racial injustice becomes a primary issue in Martin Luther King Jr’s entitled I have a dream in facing United States social condition. The speech reflects evaluative values to share perspectives toward the issue that can be analyzed by the appraisal system. The use of language certainly constructs different aims in evaluative language, and subjective presence is the target of evaluation in the appraisal system. The subjectivity of Martin Luther King Jr toward racial issues contains various types that can indicate a strategy to persuade people. The objectives of this study are to investigate the evaluative language of Martin Luther King Jr and to infer the meaning of evaluative language use. The strategy of delivering motivational messages is also discussed after acquiring the types of attitudes that will be related to the social issue. The research method employed in this study is descriptive qualitative. Systemic functional linguistic theory pioneered by Halliday and his colleagues becomes the framework in this study, and the tool is an appraisal system pioneered by J.R. Martin to analyze data. There are 90 clauses that consist of 33 judgement, 32 appreciation, and 26 affect. Judgement as the most dominant type reflects the reality of racial injustice to persuade many people to reject the condition. The strategy of critic conveyed in different types of attitudes can share deep messages to many people who listen. The result is hoped to be additional references in revealing speech strategy by using an appraisal system. The study of the appraisal system is useful to observe the subjectivity involvement in every form of language use.
HOW RURAL INSTRUCTOR IMPLEMENTS ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP): INSTRUCTOR’S PERCEPTION
Authors: Faturrachman Yani , Sulaiman Dady
Published: July 2020

Teaching ESP is necessary to be designed by the ESP instructors because one of the teaching ESP requirements is the instructors must prepare the suitable precision of English materials for the ESP students. Hyland (2008:113) states that “designing lesson plan is one of the performing abilities to describe the instructors’ beliefs, interest, and values of the students’ needs about teaching, language, and language”. From several chronological descriptions, the researcher conveys that he applies the qualitative study as his approach to the study. As follows; (1) semi-structured interview, (2) nonparticipant observation, and (3) documentation. Indeed, the three techniques mostly are usually used by the researcher in order to cover the completely problematical statements in this study. The data were gathered by employing semi structured interview which were like the ESP instructors’ perception, opinion, and assumption. The result of data indicated that there were several the fact assumptions that the ESP instructors were mostly always implementing the suitable lesson for teaching which were; (1) doing the needs analysis, (2) setting the instructional goals, (3) selecting the materials, (4) selecting the teaching techniques, (5) preparing the teaching media, (6) doing the teaching activities, and (7) adapting the learning sources. Furthermore, the semi structured interview showed that the ESP instructors have described the chronological problems and solutions when they have designed and implemented lesson plan such as; The problems in selecting the properly real ESP material, in order to solve that the ESP instructors proposed the phenomenal perception that they mostly used the communicative language teaching to encounter the fact problems. Finally, the purpose of this study is to develop the way ESP instructors can evaluate their teaching application and learning process so that they can change their perception in implementing a teaching plan.
CONTESTED HEGEMONY: RUSSIA’S APPROACH TO THE MILITARY AND ECONOMIC PREDOMINANCE OF THE US IN WORLD AFFAIRS
HEGEMONIA CONTESTADA: A ABORDAGEM RUSSA QUANTO À PREDOMINÂNCIA MILITAR E ECONÔMICA GLOBAL DOS EUA
Authors: Bezerra Valdir da Silva
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the Russian approach, from a rhetorical and practical viewpoint, regarding the military and economic predominance of the United States in the International System. The research method adopted was based on the compilation of statements by Russian authorities about the US position on the global stage, as well as on the presentation of the main initiatives and actions taken by the Kremlin, particularly from the 2000s onwards, in opposition to US interests both in the military and economic spheres. The first section initially deals with Russia’s intervention in Syria and Moscow's actions vis-a-vis the dismantling of bilateral nuclear-force treaties signed between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The second section brings the Russian articulation within the BRICS group as a criticism to American (and Western) privileges within institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank, posteriorly pointing out to the steps taken by Moscow in its quest to make the Russian economy less dependent on the dollar. We conclude by observing that in both military and economic aspects Moscow has obtained moderate results in view of its aspirations regarding the role of counterweight to the American power in International Relations.
στη μνήμη Jairo Escobar Moncada: la voz de un maestro que palpita en su legado
Authors: Maya Franco Claudia María
Published: July 2020

«Comenzaré diciendo que Jairo era un hombre habitado por una gran curiosidad, y que esta curiosidad le llevó a buscar insaciablemente palabras, referentes y horizontes. Jairo los halló en una extensa multiplicidad de obras filosóficas, literarias, ensayísticas y poéticas a las que consagró días cuyas horas marcaban relojes blandos en clave de Dalí, para extender el paso de las horas en la lectura y las insistentes relecturas, la escritura y las permanentes correcciones y reajustes, que no eran otra cosa que los de su propia conciencia ante el encuentro con nuevos modos de plantear los problemas, elaborar los conceptos u orientar las preguntas.»
La competencia discursiva potenciada a través de textos multimodales
Authors: Hoyos Hoyos Mary Luz , Acosta Valencia Gladys Lucía , Morillo Puente Solbey
Published: July 2020

Las habilidades de expresión oral son cruciales para establecer y mantener las relaciones cotidianas del sujeto mediadas por el lenguaje en su interacción con otros y con el contexto mismo en el que se desenvuelve. Esta situación inscribe el discurso oral en la categoría de práctica social. De allí surge el interés del presente artículo, el cual da cuenta de una investigación cuasiexperimental de carácter secuencial con enfoque cuantitativo y mediciones pretest-postest, cuyo propósito central fue analizar la incidencia de una estrategia didáctica con textos multimodales en la potenciación de la competencia discursiva. Los datos fueron examinados desde dos componentes de la estadística: el descriptivo y el inferencial. Como resultado general del análisis, se determinó que la perspectiva multimodal propició transformaciones favorables en la competencia  discursiva de los participantes gracias a que logró articular varias formas de expresión escrita, visual e iconográfica. A través de estas se generaron intercambios verbales entre los estudiantes que activaron procesos discursivos mediante su puesta en escena en el contexto del aula, lo que propició múltiples situaciones de comunicación.
A Curriculum to Promote a Culture of Wellness Among Medical Students and Faculty
Authors: Pipas Catherine  F. , Damianos John A. , Montalbano Leah , Matous Allison L. , Hua Jianjun , Shoop Glenda H.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Self-care has not been traditionally taught in medical education, but the epidemic of burnout among health professionals necessitates a change in culture, and consequently a change in curriculum. Burnout begins early in training and negatively impacts health professionals, patients, and institutions. Interventions that prevent and avert burnout are necessary at all stages of a doctor’s career to assure well-being over a lifetime. Evidence-based strategies supporting both personal and system wellness have begun to emerge, but more research is needed.
Methods: We present a collaborative and comprehensive wellness program: “A Culture of Wellness.” We offered this pilot jointly for first-year medical students and faculty volunteers at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth. We gave participants the following: (1) time—60 minutes per week for 8 weeks; (2) tools—weekly cases highlighting evidence-based wellness strategies; and (3) permission—opportunities to discuss and apply the strategies personally and within their community.
Results: Pre- and postsurvey results show that dedicated time combined with student-faculty collaboration and application of strategies was associated with significantly lower levels of burnout and perceived stress and higher levels of mindfulness and quality of life in participants. Components of the curriculum were reported by all to add value to personal well-being.
Conclusions: This pilot presents a feasible and promising model that can be reproduced at other medical schools and disseminated to enhance personal health and promote a culture of well-being among medical students and faculty.
CAN INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS BENEFIT FROM TECHNICAL ANALYSIS IN MARKETS OF SOFT COMMODITIES? EMPIRICAL STUDY FOR 2010–2018
Authors: Górska Anna , Krawiec Monika
Published: July 2020

After the 2008 financial crisis, many investors diversified their portfolios with different commodities, including the so-called softs. This paper aims to answer the question of whether individual investors can benefit from technical analysis on soft commodity markets. The empirical study is based on daily quotations of six soft commodities: coffee, cocoa, sugar, cotton, rubber and frozen concentrated orange juice from 2010 to 2018, and investigates the profitability of applying indicators and oscillators based on moving averages with different length. The results show that the application of five-day simple and weighted moving averages and momentum oscillators was most effective, providing positive returns in five out of six soft commodities markets.
The Association Between HbA1c and Time in Hypoglycemia During CGM and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: A Randomized Clinical Trial (GOLD-4)
Authors: Ahmadi Shilan Seyed , Westman Klara , Pivodic Aldina , Ólafsdóttir Arndís F , Dahlqvist Sofia , Hirsch Irl B , Hellman Jarl , Ekelund Magnus , Heise Tim , Polonsky William , Wijkman Magnus , Schwarcz Erik , Lind Marcus
Published: July 2020

Objective:
According to recent guidelines, individuals with type 1 diabetes should
spend less than 4.0% per day with glucose levels <3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL)
and less than 1.0% per day <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL).

Research methods: In the GOLD randomised cross-over trial,
161 individuals with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin
injections (MDI) were randomised to Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) or
conventional therapy with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and evaluated
over 16 months. We estimated the association between time spent in
hypoglycaemia and various mean glucose and HbA1c levels.

Results:
Time spent in hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/L and <3.0 mmol/L)
increased significantly with lower mean HbA1c and mean glucose levels during
both CGM and conventional therapy. During CGM, 24 (57.1%) individuals with
HbA1c <7.5 % (<58 mmol/mol) had <1.0% time spent in hypoglycaemia
<3.0 mmol/L and 23 (54.8%) had <4.0% time spent in hypoglycaemia <3.9 mmol/L.
During CGM, mean time spent in hypoglycaemia for individuals with mean HbA1c
7.0% (52 mmol/mol) was estimated to be 5.4% for <3.9 mmol/L and 1.5% for
<3.0 mmol/L. The corresponding values during SMBG were 9.2% and 3.5%,
respectively. Individuals with mean glucose levels of 8 mmol/L spent 4.9% more
time with glucose levels <3.9 mmol/L and 2.8% more time <3.0 mmol/L
during SMBG compared with CGM.

Conclusions:
Reaching current targets for time in hypoglycaemia and at the same time
HbA1c targets is challenging for type 1 diabetes patients treated with MDI both
with CGM and SMBG monitoring. However, CGM is associated with considerably less
time in hypoglycaemia than SMBG at a broad range of HbA1c levels and is crucial
for patients with MDI treatment to have a chance to approach hypoglycaemia
targets.
Body Weight Variability and the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Nam Ga Eun , Kim Wonsock , Han Kyungdo , Lee Chung-woo , Kwon Yeongkeun , Han Byoungduck , Park Seokwon , Park Joo-Hyun , Kim Yang-Hyun , Kim Do-Hoon , Kim Seon Mee , Choi Youn Seon , Cho Kyung Hwan , Park Yong Gyu
Published: July 2020

Objective: Obesity and type 2
diabetes are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and mortality, and that commonly
result in weight variabilities. We aimed to investigate the association between
body weight variability and risk of major cardiovascular outcomes and mortality
in individuals with type 2 diabetes using large-scale, nationwide cohort data on
the Korean population.

Research Design
and Methods: We
enrolled 624,237 individuals with type 2 diabetes who underwent health
examinations provided by the Korean National Health Insurance System between
2009 and 2010, with ≥3 body weight measurements within 5 years since enrollment
and followed up until the end of 2017. We assessed body weight variability
using four indices, including variability independent of the mean (VIM). Multivariable-adjusted
Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed.

Results: During the follow-up,
15,832, 25,038, and 44,716 cases of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and
all-cause mortality, respectively, were recorded. Body weight variability was
associated with increased risks of major cardiovascular outcomes after
adjusting for confounding variables. Compared with the hazard ratios (HRs) of the
lowest quartile group, the HRs (95% CIs) of the highest quartile group of VIM
for body weight were 1.15 (1.10–1.20), 1.22 (1.18–1.26), and 1.58 (1.53–1.62)
for MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality, respectively.

Conclusions: Body weight variability
was associated with increased risks of MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality in type
2 diabetes patients and may be a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in such patients.
Appropriate interventions to maintain stable weight could positively influence health
outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients.
Shortened Relative Leukocyte Telomere Length is Associated with Prevalent and Incident Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes- Analysis from the Hong Kong Diabetes Register
Authors: Cheng Feifei , Luk Andrea O , Tam Claudia HT , Fan Baoqi , Wu Hongjiang , Yang Aimin , Lau Eric SH , Ng Alex CW , Lim Cadmon KP , Lee Heung Man , Chow Elaine , Kong Alice P , Keech Anthony C , Joglekar Mugdha V. , So Wing Yee , Jenkins Alicia , Chan Juliana CN , Hardikar Anandwardhan A. , Ma Ronald CW
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Several studies support potential links
between leukocyte relative telomere length (rLTL), a biomarker of biological
aging and type 2 diabetes. This
study investigates relationships between rLTL and subsequent cardiovascular
disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research design
and methods: Consecutive Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (N=5349) from the Hong Kong Diabetes
Register with stored baseline DNA and available follow-up data were studied. rLTL
was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CVD was diagnosed
based on ICD-9 code.

Results: Mean (SD) follow-up was 13.4(5.5) years. rLTL was correlated inversely with age, diabetes duration, blood
pressure, HbA1c, urine ACR and positively with eGFR (all P<0.001).
Subjects with versus without CVD at baseline had shorter rLTL (4.3±1.2 vs. 4.6±1.2, P<0.001).
Of the 4541 CVD-free subjects at baseline, the 1140 who developed CVD during
follow-up had shorter rLTL than
those remaining CVD-free after adjusting for age, sex, smoking and albuminuria
status (4.3±1.2 vs. 4.7±1.2, P<0.001). In Cox regression models, shorter rLTL was associated with higher risk
of incident CVD (hazard ratio (95% CI) for each unit decrease: 1.252
(1.195-1.311), P<0.001), which remained significant after adjusting for age,
sex, BMI, SBP, LDL-C, HbA1c, eGFR and ACR (hazard ratio (95% CI): 1.141
(1.084-1.200), P<0.001).

Conclusions: rLTL
is significantly shorter in type 2 diabetes patients with CVD, is associated
with cardiometabolic risk factors, and is independently associated with
incident CVD. Telomere length may be a useful biomarker for CVD risk in type 2 diabetes.
Obesity is associated with increased basal and postprandial β-cell insulin secretion even in the absence of insulin resistance
Authors: Admin Ada , Vliet Stephan van , Koh Han-Chow E. , Patterson Bruce W. , Yoshino Mihoko , LaForest Richard , Gropler Robert J. , Klein Samuel , Mittendorfer Bettina
Published: July 2020

We tested the hypothesis that obesity,
independent of insulin resistance, is
associated with increased insulin secretion. We compared
insulin kinetics before and after glucose ingestion in lean healthy people and
people with obesity who were matched on multi-organ insulin sensitivity (inhibition
of adipose tissue lipolysis and glucose production and stimulation of muscle
glucose uptake), assessed by
using a two-stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic pancreatic clamp procedure
in conjunction with glucose and palmitate tracer infusions and positron
emission tomography. We also
evaluated the effect of diet-induced weight loss on insulin secretion in people
with obesity who did not improve insulin sensitivity despite marked (~20%)
weight loss. Basal and postprandial insulin secretion rates were more than 50%
greater in people with obesity than lean people even though insulin
sensitivity was not different between groups. Weight loss in people with
obesity decreased insulin secretion by 35% even though insulin sensitivity did
not change. These results
demonstrate that increased insulin secretion in people with obesity is
associated with excess adiposity itself and is not simply a compensatory
response to insulin resistance. These findings have important implications
regarding the pathogenesis of diabetes, because hyperinsulinemia causes insulin
resistance and insulin hypersecretion is an
independent risk factor for developing diabetes.
BALI DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL KOMPLEMENTER (Kajian Yuridis Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2018 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Kesehatan Tradisional Komplementer)
Authors: Bagiastra I Nyoman , Sudantra I Ketut
Published: July 2020

Traditional medicine by the people in several regions in Indonesia is very diverse. Communities in a particular area have different ways and techniques in traditional medicine, this is because culture and understanding and also the biodiversity found in the environment in which they live and the local wisdom they have is the cause of the emergence of various cultural products. Given that Bali has a culture related to the understanding of traditional medicine since ancient times, inherited from generation to generation, it has the potential to carry out complementary traditional medicine that has local wisdom. Usadha was populist in Bali carried out by a balian. There are several types of balian that are contained in the palm bodon ejection in accordance with the field and purpose. Normatively, the government has issued Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Complementary Traditional Health Services as a basis for implementing complementary traditional medicine. There are provisions that need to be studied and criticized so that they do not have the potential to hinder if Bali carries out complementary traditional medicine services in the future.
Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Kerja Keras dalam Novel Tentang Kamu Karya Tere Liye
Authors: Sulastri Saptiana , Hariyadi - , Simarmata Mai Yuliastri
Published: July 2020

This study aims to describe the value of hard work character education in the novel About You Work Tere Liye. Research using descriptive methods with qualitative forms. data collection techniques using documentary studies. Data collection tool in this study is the researcher himself as a key instrument (human instrument) assisted with other data collection tools namely data recording cards. Data analysis techniques in this study used content study techniques. Based on the analysis, the value of hard work character education includes hard work in the family, hard work for yourself, and hard work in working.
PENGEMBANGAN ASPEK KEAGAMAAN DI PAUD PERTIWI 7 DESA SUMBERREJO KECAMATAN BATANGHARI LAMPUNG TIMUR
Authors: Noormawanti Noormawanti
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Pengembangan Aspek Keagamaan di PAUD Pertiwi 7 Desa Sumberrejo Kecamatan Batanghari Kabupaten Lampung Timur, dengan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut:  1) Bagaimana proses penanaman nilai-nilai keagamaan dalam pengeambangan aspek keagamaan  di PAUD Pertiwi 7,  2) Bagaimana metode yang diterapkan dalam rangka penanaman nilai-nilai keagamaan dalam pengembangan aspek keagamaan di PAUD Pertiwi 7,  3) Apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat penanaman nilai-nilai agama dalam pengembangan aspek keagamaan di PAUD Pertiwi 7. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan bagaimana pengembangan aspek keagamaan di PAUD Pertiwi 7 Desa Sumberrejo Kecamatan Batanghari Lampung Timur.

Desain penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan model penelitian deskriptif. Sehingga penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara. Untuk lebih mempermudah pemaparan data maka dilakukan kategorisasi dan pengorganisasian data dengan sistem koding. Informan penelitian diperoleh dengan teknik snow ball sampling, kemudian  pengujian keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi metode. Pada pengolahan data dan analisis data dilakukan pada saat dan setelah  melakukan penelitian.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pengembangan Aspek Keagamaan di PAUD Pertiwi 7 Desa Sumberrejo Kecamatan Batanghari Lampung Timur adalah : Proses penanaman nilai-nilai agama dalam pengemabangan aaspek keagamaan di PAUD Pertiwi 7 Desa Batanghari Lampung Timur dilakukan dengan cara pemeberian materi-materi pelajaran yangdiberikan secara rutin dikelas sebagaimana jadwal yang sudah ditentukan. Materi-materi tersebut anatara lain adalah :

Materi Ibadah,  Materi Akidah, Materi Akhlak. Dalam  menyampaikan materi pembelajaran disekolah ada beberapa metode yang digunakan oleh guru untuk menerapkan  nilai-nilai agama dalam rangka pengembangan aspek keagamaan diantaranya adalah:  Metode Bercerita,  Metode Tanya Jawab, Metode Rekreasi/Karyawisata.  Pada proses pembelajaran dalam rangka penanaman nilai-nilai agama dalam  pengembangan aspek keagamaan di PAUD Pertiwi 7 juga terdapat faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat yang antara lain adalah: Faktor Pendukungnya adalah  sumber Daya Manusia (SDM)  dan faktor lingkungan. Faktor Penghambatnya adalah:  Faktor Kepribadian dan Faktor Terbatasnya Waktu.
UPAYA GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK ATTENTION DEFICIT HIPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) DI PAUD INKLUSI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Khairi Husnuzziadatul
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan membandingkan upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam meningkatkan perkembangan sosial emosional anak dengan gangguan Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) di TK Laboratori Pedagogia UNY dan TK Islam Pelangi Anak Negeri Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-komparatif. Sedangkan, Sumber data dari penelitian ini adalah sumber data primer. Sumber data primer yaitu guru, terapis, dan psikolog. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi, display, dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertama, upaya guru dalam meningkatkan perkembangan sosial emosional anak ADHD yaitu TK Laboratori Pedagogia UNY melalui tiga tahapan yaitu observasi, intervensi dan penilaian. Sedangkan upaya guru di TK Islam pelangi Anak Negeri Yogyakarta cukup kompleks mulai dari mengobservasi anak, wawancara dengan orang tua, memberikan diagnosa dan Intervensi anak, serta penilaian. Kedua, Persamaan upaya guru dalam meningkatkan perkembangan sosial emosional anak ADHD di dua lokasi penelitian ini adalah sama-sama menggunakan intervensi dalam bentuk ekstingsi, kontak mata, stimulasi, pembiasaan, dan bermain. Sedangkan perbedaannya yaitu, di TK Laboratori Pedagogia UNY guru menggunakan intervensi dalam bentuk time out, perjanjian awal, stimulasi, dan pendekatan perilaku serta bantuan dari para terapis dengan instruksi dari psikolog. Berbeda halnya dengan TK Islam Pelangi Anak Negeri Yogyakarta yang menggunakan intervensi dalam bentuk satiasi, kontak fisik dan terapi okupasi dan wicara. Dikarenakan di TK ini tidak menggunakan psikolog dan terapis, maka guru di sini merangkap sebagai psikolog sekaligus terapis.
Transmissão da variação da taxa de câmbio para os preços de exportação brasileiros do milho (2000-2018)
Authors: Copeti Leonardo , Aruda Coronel Daniel
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu no exame da relação entre as variações cambiais e os preços de exportação brasileiros do milho, relação definida como o pass-through da taxa de câmbio, tendo como referência o período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2018. Os dados foram coletados nos sites do Instituto de Economia Aplicada – IPEA e no Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board – AHDB. Neste sentido, fez-se uso dos instrumentais de séries temporais, especialmente do Modelo Vetor de Correção de Erros. Os resultados encontrados forneceram indicações de que o grau de pass-through da taxa de câmbio para os preços de exportação do milho ocorreram de forma incompleta no período total e no primeiro subperíodo e nula no segundo subperíodo, representando que depreciações da taxa de câmbio não se traduzem em ganhos significativos de competitividade, já que não reduzem expressivamente os preços de exportação.
Variabilidade genética entre e dentro de grupos de Euterpe spp. com base em microssatélites
Authors: Santos Jussara Fernanda , Mariguele Keny , Pereira Adriana , Zambonim Fabio Martinho , Venturieri Giorgini Augusto
Published: July 2020

Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar a diversidade entre e dentro de acessos da coleção de Euterpe spp. daEmpresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina - Estação Experimental de Itajaí(EPAGRI-EEI) e identificar grupos dissimilares que possam orientar cruzamentos dirigidos para obtenção decombinações genotípicas desejáveis. Para tal, foram testados 18 marcadores microssatélites, previamentedesenvolvidos para Euterpe edulis Mart. Seis deles – EE54, EE59, EE03, EE45, EE52 e EE47 - foram eficientese empregados na obtenção das estimativas desejadas. Foram revelados em média15 a 4 alelos por grupo,sendo que o conteúdo de informação polimórfica variou de 0,305 a 0,835. A partir da análise de variância foram obtidos valores de variação de 13% entre grupos, 47 e 40% entre e dentro dos acessos, respectivamente. O Método bayesiano indicou a formação de quatro grupos e a partir do dendograma com o método Ward, com 50% do valor de dissimilaridade foi possível identificar os acessos que compõe esses grupos, além de indicar os acessos com dissimilaridade baixa (≤ 10%). A diversidade encontrada possibilita a orientação de cruzamentos dirigidos, tanto para formação de híbridos intra e interespecíficos, como para retrocruzamentos.
Germinación de semillas de Lotus tenuis: efecto del tratamiento pregerminativo, tiempo de almacenamiento y rol de la cubierta dura a largo plazo
Authors: Lissarrague Maria Isabel , Entio Lisandro , Altamirano Rodrigo , Mujica Mercedes
Published: July 2020

Se evaluó el efecto de la escarificación mecánica en dos momentos luego de la cosecha sobre la germinación de semillas de 23 genotipos de Lotus tenuis Waldst et Kit almacenadas en condiciones de laboratorio sin escarificar y el rol de las cubiertas duras sobre dicha respuesta a largo plazo. Se usó un DCA con tres factores [genotipos, tratamiento pregerminativo (E=escarificado; NE=ausencia de escarificado) y tiempo de almacenamiento (t1=0,25 años; t2=22,5 años)] (n=4). Se calculó el porcentaje de germinación acumulada (Gac%) y de semillas duras (Sd%). Para t2 se calculó el índice de velocidad germinativa (IVG). Se aplicó ANOVA no paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis) y comparación de medianas. Para t2 se analizaron correlación y regresión simple. La interacción triple resultó significativa (p ≤0,01) para ambos parámetros. Gac% tuvo valores mayores en el tratamiento E en t1 y menores en NE en t2. El factor genotipo resultó significativo (p≤0,01) para el E en t2. Sd% tuvo valores mayores en el tratamiento NE en t1 y menores en E independientemente del tiempo de almacenamiento. El factor genotipo resultó significativo (p≤0,01) para NE en t2. La correlación Sd% vs. Gac% e IVG resultó significativa (p≤0,01) y positiva. Las regresiones simples Sd% vs. Gac% e IVG resultaron significativas (p≤0,01). El estudio demostró que la escarificación y el tiempo de almacenamiento afectan de manera positiva y negativa, respectivamente, al comportamiento germinativo de los genotipos estudiados, que el ablandamiento de la cubierta dura es variable entre genotipos y que dicha cubierta estaría vinculada con la conservación de la capacidad germinativa en el largo plazo.
Emotional schemas and cognitive strategies in fiction: Milkman
Authors: Farsi Roghayeh
Published: July 2020

The present study approaches Anna Burns’s novel Milkman (2018) via the lens of Leahy’s Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) (2019) in order to examine the model’s pros and cons for literary analysis. The study focuses on the protagonist’s emotional schemas which are shaped by her beliefs, interpretations and emotional appraisals of her environment. The analysis is carried out on both textual and extra-textual levels. The textual level focuses on character-society relationships and her emotional responses to the demands of her context. The extra-textual level concerns readers and investigates how the protagonist’s emotional appraisals and interpretations influence readers’ emotional schemas, which in the process of reading become either confirmed or restructured. While textual analysis displays the protagonist’s emotional development, the findings of the extra-textual analysis accentuate the therapeutic role that literary texts can play by addressing readers’ emotional schemas.
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia and lineage switch from lymphoblastic leukemia to myeloid leukemia in the course of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm – case reports and literature review
Authors: Ożańska Agnieszka , Sobas Marta , Szymczak Donata , Wróbel Tomasz
Published: July 2020

Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-neg MPNs) are characterized by clonal hematopoiesis derived from a mutated hematopoietic stem cell. Ph-neg MPNs rarely transforms into acute leukemia, and in most cases, the transformation leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The incidence of mixed-phenotype leukemia (MPAL) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with lineage switch is much rarer. The unidentified lineage of blast cells is due to the immaturity of their undifferentiated progenitors with co-expression of myeloid and lymphoid antigens. The prognosis of secondary acute leukemia transformed from Ph-neg MPN is very unfavorable, especially in MPAL or lineage switch from ALL to AML cases. Moreover, there are no therapeutic protocols for these specific leukemia subtypes. Therefore, we believe that all cases of MPAL or lineage switch leukemia should be reported. This article presents the case of a patient with JAK2-positive essential thrombocythemia (ET) transformed to MPAL, and a patient with triple-negative primary myelofibrosis (PMF) (negative for JAK2, CALR, and MPL) transformed to ALL with subsequent lineage switch to AML.
On the analytical approximation of the quadratic non-linear oscillator by modified extended iteration method
Authors: Ikramul Haque B. M. , Flora Shajia Afrin
Published: July 2020

A modified analytical solution of the quadratic non-linear oscillator has been obtained based on an extended iteration method. In this study, truncated Fourier terms have been used in each step of iterations. The frequencies obtained by this technique show good agreement with the exact frequency. The percentage of error between the exact frequency and our third approximate frequency is as low as 0.001%. There is no algebraic complexity in our calculation, which is why this technique is very easy. The results have been compared with the exact and other existing results, which are both convergent and consistent.
Influence of Crystallographic Orientation on Creep Resistance of Single-Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Kościelniak Barbara , Gancarczyk Kamil , Poręba Marek , Albrecht Robert
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on the influence of crystallographic orientation on creep resistance of CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloy. The single-crystal rods of CMSX-4 superalloy were manufactured with the use of the Bridgman method at a withdrawal rate of 3 mm/min. The crystallographic orientation of the rods was determined by the X-ray Ω-scan method with OD-EFG diffractometer and the Laue back-reflection technique. The creep tests were performed at a temperature of 982°C and the value of stress σ = 248 MPa. Microstructural investigation before and after the creep test of CMSX-4 superalloy was performed using a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the distribution of the values of α angle strongly affects the creep resistance of a single-crystal superalloy.
Statistical Orbit Determination Algorithm for Satellites in Indian Navigation Constellation (NavIC): Towards Extended Ephemeris Technology for NavIC Receiver
Authors: Ramanathan T. V. , Chipade Radhika A.
Published: July 2020

Ephemerides are essential for the satellite positioning in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) user receivers. Acquisition of navigation data and ephemeris parameters are difficult in remote areas as well as in challenging environments. Statistical orbit determination techniques can help to predict the orbital parameters in the absence of navigation data. The present study is a first step towards the solution for generating orbital parameters and predicting the satellite positions in the absence of navigation data for satellites in NavIC constellation. The orbit determination algorithm predicted the satellite position using single station navigation data. The perturbations affecting the satellite orbits in NavIC constellation were also studied and an algorithm using perturbation force models is proposed for the satellites in NavIC constellation. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) was used to address the non-linear dynamics model of the perturbation forces and distance of the ground station from the centre of Earth was used as measurement to solve the measurement equation. The satellite orbits were predicted up to 1 hour using the single station navigation data. The root mean square error (RMSE) of 12.59 m and 13.03 m were observed for NavIC satellites in Geosynchronous and Geostationary orbits, respectively, after 1 hour. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test used to assess the goodness of fit of the proposed EKF algorithm for orbit prediction was found to be significant at 1% level of significance.
Mechanistic and In silico Characterization of Metal ion Requirements of Escherichia coli Zinc Phosphodiesterase Activity
Authors: Igunnu Adedoyin , Dada Micheal F. , AbelJack-Soala Tamonokorite , Joel Ireoluwa Y. , Lanre-Ogun Oluwafunmibi O. , Opadeyi Oluwadamilola O. , Okpara Kelechi E. , Ambrose George O. , Malomo Sylvia O.
Published: July 2020

Zinc phosphodiesterase (ZiPD) participates in the maturation of tRNA precursors. The roles of metal ions in promoting phosphoryl transfer reaction on zinc phosphodiesterase (ZiPD) activity have not been fully characterized. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of some metal ions on phosphodiesterase activity of Escherichia coli ZiPD as well as the binding site and binding affinity of the metal ions. ZiPD activity was measured by monitoring the rate of hydrolysis of bis-para-nitrophenyl phosphate (bis-pNPP) in the presence of some selected divalent metal ions (Mn2+, Co2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+). The results obtained revealed that Mn2+ at 1 mM activated ZiPD activity by 4-fold with binding affinity score of 1.795. Co2+ at 0.5 mM activated ZiPD activity by 2-fold with binding affinity score of 1.773. Mg2+ at 0.5 mM enhanced the binding affinity of ZiPD for bis-pNPP but did not increase the turnover rate of ZiPD. Zn2+ at 1.5 mM activated ZiPD activity by 2-fold via increased affinity of ZiPD for bis-pNPP. In conclusion, the findings from this study showed that Mn2+ and Zn2+ are the most effective stimulatory ions of ZiPD for bis-pNPP while Zn2+ exerted the highest binding affinity of ZiPD for bis-pNPP.
Technological Assessment of Winter Cultivar of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for Pale Malt Production
Authors: Belcar Justyna , Matłok Natalia , Gorzelany Józef
Published: July 2020

The study was designed to assess technological quality of grains from two wheat cultivars (Elixer and Rockefeller), as well as one cultivar of winter (Joy) and one cultivar of spring barley (Irina), and to carry out the malting process at temperature of 15°C for 5 days. Malt analyses were carried out in accordance with the ECB Methods. The wheat malts were found with lower Kolbach index, and high viscosity was identified in wort obtained from wheat. The findings related to the wheat malts showed better quality parameters in Elixer variety compared to Rockefeller variety. Elixer wheat malt had higher diastatic power (427.03 WK) and lower extractivity (81.85%) compared to Joy barley malt (376.12 WK and 85.79%). Laboratory tests assessing the malts and wort showed that winter barley grain has high malting quality and can be used without modifications in the malting and mashing processes in brewing industry. It is necessary to conduct further research focusing on cultivation, agricultural techniques and technologies applied in wheat farming, in order to obtain cultivars which can be used to produce high quality malts.
Long-Term Trends in the Structure and Dynamics of the Fish Communities in Buško Blato Reservoir
Authors: Mušović Aldijana , Škrijelj Rifat , Gajević Mahir , Stroil Belma Kalamujić , Vesnić Adi , Mitrašinović-Brulić Maja , Đug Samir
Published: July 2020

Buško Blato Reservoir, the third largest hydro accumulation in Europe, is situated in the south-eastern part of the karstic Livanjsko Polje Valley. This aquatic ecosystem is distinguished by a very rich ichthyofauna and the presence of four endemic fish species. Numerous studies focus on ichthyological researches of Buško Blato Reservoir. Its ichthyofauna has been exposed to changes in ecological factors, which in turn reflected on the structure and composition of fish populations. The main objective of this paper was to assess the current state and predict future trends in the ichthyofauna structure and dynamics based on the field data and comprehensive analyses of literature data. The results of the research indicated the presence of 11 fish species from four families, which is the largest number of fish species ever recorded in this ecosystem. Sander lucioperca, Lepomis gibbosus, Pseudorasbora parva and Tinca tinca were recorded for the first time in this ecosystem, while some previously recorded species were not found. The results of the analyses clearly indicate the presence of natural interspecific competition and significant level of threats to the endemic fish species caused by human activities.
Energy Efficiency Modernizations at the Industrial Plant: A Case Study
Authors: Broniszewski Mariusz , Werle Sebastian
Published: July 2020

In the present era of continually increasing energy demand, Europe faces many challenges, such as high and unstable energy prices, growing global energy demand, increasing threat of climate change, sluggish progress within energy efficiency and issues related to increasing demand for the use of renewable energy sources. It is desirable to seek opportunities to use energy consumed most reasonably, thus ensuring continuous improvement of energy efficiency in the industry. The scope of the research includes reviewing studies in this matter and analysing the most beneficial solutions for the plant. The work aims to assess possible undertakings to modernise the energy management of an industrial plant on the example of Bulten Poland S.A. rationally and profitably for the plant. The work contains an analysis of the profitability of the potentially most beneficial solutions in terms of improving the energy efficiency of the plant. Mentioned in the article solutions, aiming increasing energy efficiency, helped become the plant independent within heating up facilities. Total heat recovery potential in amount of 18 965 GJ is motivation for further activities. This is a great opportunity to reduce significantly carbon footprint (replacing lightening into LED technology reduced CO2 by 206.3 Mg/year) and be more competitive on the market by reducing costs of product.
Effect of different agro-wastes, casing materials and supplements on the growth, yield and nutrition of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica)
Authors: Sardar Hasan , Anjum Muhammad Akbar , Nawaz Aamir , Naz Safina , Ejaz Shaghef , Ali Sajid , Haider SakeenaTul-Ain
Published: July 2020

Agricultural waste disposal is one of the main concerns in today's world that can cause environmental pollution. Utilisation of agro-waste materials to grow mushrooms is an eco-friendly method to reduce pollution. Therefore, various agricultural waste materials, such as wheat straw, rice straw and cotton waste, were utilised for the production of milky mushroom. Among the substrates used in this study wheat straw showed superior substrate for the production of milky mushroom. The agronomic traits studied such as total yield, number of fruiting bodies, the maximum diameter of pileus and stalk length, biological efficiency, protein contents, phosphorous and potassium contents were observed on wheat straw substrate. Peat moss, loam soil and spent mushroom substrate were used as casing materials. Among the casing materials used, the highest yield and biological efficiency were observed on peat moss. The results also indicated that the addition of supplements with the substrate improved yield and yield contributing characteristics. Among the tested supplements (wheat bran and rice bran), wheat bran was the best supplement for wheat straw substrate to cultivate milky white mushroom.
Prevalence of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Naturally Infected Pigs in Abeokuta, Nigeria
Authors: Eleazar A. N. , Takeet M. I. , Sonibare A. O. , Olufemi F. O. , Otesile E. B.
Published: July 2020

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated diseases are a group of emerging devastating pig diseases worldwide. Due to a dearth of information on the virus in Nigeria, this study was carried out on 12 farms in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria. Key production problems were identified through a questionnaire survey and direct field observations. The prevalence of the PCV2 was determined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); 207 sera of pigs were obtained from the farms, DNAs extracted and amplified by the PCR. Based on gel results, the prevalence of PCV2 types were recorded and the effects of age, sex and geographic area determined. The observed production problems (and the percentage of farms suffering from such problems) were: runting (91.7 %), high piglet mortality (83.3 %), late term abortion (50 %), stillbirth (50 %) and anoestrous (41.7 %). The overall prevalence of 8.7 % of the PCV2 viral DNA was obtained. A single infection of PCV2b and PCV2a accounted for a prevalence of 5.3 % and 2.4 %, respectively, while a concurrent infection of both was found in only 1 % of the pigs. The prevalence of PCV2 was not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by age or sex; with the rates in adults, growers and piglets being 9.9 %, 8.1 % and 8.1 %, respectively, while in males and females, the rates were 9.4 % and 9.0 %, respectively. The prevalence of PCV2 in high-density areas (13.2 %) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in low-density areas (4.0 %). It was concluded that PCV2a and PCV2b were present in pigs in Abeokuta, Nigeria and PCV2b was more prevalent. It was recommended that large-scale epidemiological studies covering all geographical regions be carried out with sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to characterize the PCV2 genotypes present in Nigeria.
Protective Effect of Flaxseed on the Health of Experimental Animals Exposed to Xylene
Authors: Kuráňová E. , Andrejčáková Z. , Vlčková R. , Sopková D.
Published: July 2020

Xylene is mainly used as a solvent in the printing, tire and leather industries. It is also used as: a facility cleaner, paint and varnish thinner, component of fuel, and chemical for the laboratory processing of histological preparations. For these reasons people are frequently exposed to xylene and the risk of intoxication is high. This study focused on the protective effect of flaxseed on mice experimentally intoxicated with xylene. The experiment lasted 14 days. The mice used in this study (n = 60) were allocated to 3 groups: the control group (C) received only the standard diet; the xylene group (X) was fed a standard diet and was administered xylene p. o. (10 µl daily); and the xylene + flaxseed group (XF) received the standard feed, crushed flaxseed and xylene at the same dose as group X. The observations involved changes in: body weight, liver enzyme levels, and caspase activity in the liver of the mice. The administration of additives resulted in significant changes in the body weight of the mice on day 7 of the experiment (P < 0.05). The highest weight gain was observed in mice from the XF group. In contrast, the body weight of the mice from group X exposed only to xylene was the lowest. The biochemical analysis of the liver cells of the xylene intoxicated mice showed elevated levels of: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), De Ritis ratio (AST/ALT ratio), and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes LDH-3 and LDH-5. Caspase-3, the marker of apoptosis, was increased in the XF group. Thus, the administration of flaxseed in our experiment had a beneficial effect on the clinical and metabolic parameters of mice intoxicated with xylene. Our results indicated that the administration of flaxseed, may act as a preventative measure with respect to xylene intoxication of animals; however, further analyses are needed to confirm this assumption.
History of DNA Sequencing
Authors: Tyagi P. , Bhide M.
Published: July 2020

The nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and determining their sequential arrangement had always been an integral part of biological research. Since the past seven decades, researchers from multi-disciplinary fields has been working together to innovate the best sequencing methods. Various methods had been proposed, from some oligonucleotides to the whole genome sequencing, and the growth had gone through adolescence to the mature phase where it is now capable of sequencing the whole genome at a low cost and within a short time frame. DNA sequencing has become a key technology in every discipline of biology and medicine. This review aims to highlight the evolution of DNA sequencing techniques and the machines used, including their principles and key achievements.