К ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ МОНАШЕСКОЙ ПАРАДИГМЫ ПАТРИАРХА НИКОНА: АНТОНИЕВО-СИЙСКИЙ МОНАСТЫРЬ И ПАТРИАРШИЕ МОНАСТЫРИ
Authors: С.К. СЕВАСТЬЯНОВА 
Published: November 2024

В статье впервые предпринята попытка охарактеризовать понимание монашеской парадигмы патриархом Никоном. В монашестве он видел оплот Русской православной церкви, монастырь воспринимал как очаг православной культуры и просвещения (где игумен - инициативный руководитель культурно-образовательного и духовно-просветительского служения); подчеркивал роль монастыря как крупного вотчинника и охранителя интересов патриаршей казны; его внимание к проблемам воспитания иноков, способных к многогранной деятельности в качестве церковных администраторов и писателей, иконописцев и книжников, храмоздателей и подвижников. Схожие тенденции прослеживаются и в истории Антониево-Сийского монастыря. Благодаря перестановкам в управлении обителью, вкладам Никона и других жертвователей, обширным вотчинам и приписным обителям монастырь под руководством игумена Феодосия, духовные качества и многогранность интересов которого сближали его с новгородским владыкой Никоном, к началу XVIII столетия во многом осуществил тот образец, к воплощению которого стремился Святейший Никон.

The study is the first attempt to characterize the understanding of the paradigm of monastic life by the Metropolitan of Novgorod and Velikiye Luki and Patriarch of All Russia Nicon. Patriarchal monasteries, located in a vast territory from the Moscow region to the White Sea, were created as new spiritual centers of Orthodox monasticism. The brethren of these monasteries, like their mentor and ktitor - Patriarch Nicon, were distinguished by their interest in painting and church construction, chronicle writing and versification, medicine and numerous crafts, were successors of the Eastern Christian and Old Russian traditions and sought to integrate them with the cultural and historical heritage of Little and White Russia. The article examines in detail a number of components of Nicon's monastic paradigm: monasticism as a stronghold of the Russian Orthodox Church and a monastery as a center of Orthodox culture and education, where the abbot-educator is the initiative leader of cultural, educational and spiritually-educational ministry; а monastery as a large patrimony and guardian of the interests of the patriarchal treasury; the concentration of the monastery on the education of monks capable of multifaceted activities as church administrators and writers, icon painters and scribes, temple builders and ascetics. Under the leadership of the abbot, a consistent spokesman for church and state decisions, the monastery turned into administrative, economic and diocesan center based on the Eastern Christian experience of monastic residence. As a school of spirituality and a center of education and scholarship, with its Christian service and ascetic ideal, the monastery also influenced the formation of the spiritual and moral values of the laity in their service to the Church and the Fatherland. Similar trends can be traced in the middle - second half of the 17th century and in the history of Siya Monastery of St. Antonius. Thanks to the reshuffle in the management of the monastery, contributions from Nicon and other donors, extensive estates and assigned monasteries, the Siya Monastery under the leadership of Abbot Theodosius, whose spiritual qualities and versatility of interests made him similar to the Metropolitan of Novgorod Nicon, by the beginning of the 18th century, had in many respects implemented that model, to the embodiment of which His Holiness Nicon strove.