bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Need and Potential for Import Substitution of Reference Materials in the Russian Federation: Analysis of Data from the Federal Information Fund for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements
Authors: Pankov A. N. , Zyryanova I.  N. , Kremleva O. N. , Volodina E. M. , Fokina D. P. , Suslova V. V.
Published: April 2024

The deep integration of the Russian economy into the global economy at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries did not bypass the production of reference materials (RM). Domestic testing, verification, and calibration laboratories receive some RMs from abroad. The number of these RMs is an extremely relevant issue at the moment, since the global competition of national economies for the right to dominate their own markets with state-limited borders has intensified.

The strategy of the Russian Federation aimed at achieving the maximum level of sovereignty and independence of the national production sector extends to the sphere of metrological support for the activities of business entities. The practical implementation of this strategy requires a comprehensive analysis of the information presented in the Federal Information Fund for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements (FIF EUM) on the number of foreign RMs, the scope of their application, and an understanding of the structure of demand for foreign RMs within the country. At the same time, it is necessary to form an idea of the technical capabilities of producing domestic RMs.

The article provides solutions to most of the problems stated above. The data presented by the authors can be the basis for making management decisions in the field of production and circulation of metrological support equipment for production.
On the Construction of a Calibration Curve Using a Glow Discharge Emission Spectrometer for Measuring the Hydrogen Content in Zirconium Alloys
Authors: Spiridonova A. A. , Kudiiarov V. N. , Laptev R. S.
Published: April 2024

One of the main directions of modern activity of metrology researchers is to provide the real sector of the economy of the Russian Federation with reference materials that have no analogues in the country. The article discusses the research of highly efficient materials for fuel cladding (fuel elements) in the active zones of thermal reactors, the scope of which is wide. The purpose of the study is the development of samples of the composition of the zirconium alloy to establish and control the stability of the calibration curves of spectrometers when determining the mass fraction of hydrogen, provided that the metrological and technical characteristics of the reference material meet the requirements of the measurement procedure. The main methods for determining the hydrogen content in materials are analyzed. It has been established that the method of glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy has found the widest application. It has also been established that zirconium alloys are chosen as the main material in most cases.

The need to create samples for constructing a calibration curve for spectrometers for measuring the hydrogen content in a zirconium alloy is noted. Samples of zirconium alloy Zr-1Nb (grade Э110) have been developed to construct a calibration curve using a glow discharge emission spectrometer for measurements with a mass fraction of hydrogen from 0.034 to 0.498 %. Calibration is carried out using the developed samples to obtain a calibration curve using the example of an emission glow discharge spectrometer of the GD Profiler2 type. The relative error of the hydrogen mass fraction obtained during calibration does not exceed ± 10 %.

The practical significance of the study lies in the development of samples that can be used to calibrate spectrometers based on the method of glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy.
Study of the Accuracy Characteristics of the Mathematical Model for Predicting Changes in the Error of the Working Measurement Standard
Authors: Novikov A. N. , Puzankov S. V. , Okrepilov M. V.
Published: April 2024

The accuracy of the forecasting method and its prior estimation when predicting changes in the error of the working measurement standard are one of the key issues. In the course of studying these issues, a number of components of the forecasting error were assessed, and various methods and mathematical models of forecasting were compared. A comparative analysis showed that the studied mathematical model for individual forecasting of changes in the error of a working standard available at «Mathematical model for predicting changes in the value of the critical component of the error of the working measurement standard of the unit of magnitude taking into account prior information» has higher accuracy in comparison with the considered known forecasting methods. The estimates of the parameters of the forecasting function obtained with the application of the model under consideration available at «Determination of parameters for metrological maintenance of measuring instruments by the technical and economic criterion», using the expressions of the transition to forecasting the probability of metrological serviceability of the working measurement standard, specific costs for metrological maintenance, and damage from the use of the working measurement standard in the state of metrological failure, allow to substantially increase the validity of decisions to refine the value of the interval between the certification of the working standard, which is initially established (within the framework of the ITCM).
PENGGUNAAN BAHAN ADITIF MASTER GLENIUM ACE 8595 UNTUK MEMINIMALISIR POROSITAS PADA BETON
Authors: Fitriani Amelia Dwi , Mahardana Zendy Bima , Pasya Salman Alfaridh , Erwanda Niko Andika , Fathurrohman Nadi Rheiza , Qalby Atsfiela Dzulkhan , Okta Satria Perdana
Published: April 2024

Concrete has now become the most essential material in modern construction. The strength and durability of concrete are vital factors that influence the strength and stability of buildings and infrastructure. Porosity refers to the degree to which concrete has voids or voids within its structure. Concrete porosity has a significant impact on concrete compressive strength. The higher the level of porosity, the lower the compressive strength of the concrete. In this research, we conducted a concrete formulation experiment by adding a type F additive to MasterGlenium Ace 8595. This research investigates the effect of adding the additive Master Glenium Ace 8595 on changes in concrete porosity and increasing concrete compressive strength. The results of the research show that from the aggregate suitability testing, it was stated that all the aggregates tested were suitable for use as a building material for concrete, workability testing obtained results with dilute criteria, porosity testing obtained an average porosity of 8.05%, and compressive strength testing obtained an average compressive strength value. -an average of 23.56 MPa indicates an increase of 8.69% of the planned concrete quality. This research concludes that concrete porosity is one of the factors that must be considered to increase the compressive strength of concrete because it significantly influences its density and compressive strength. Keeping the porosity at a low level and the compressive strength of the concrete at a high level can ensure that the concrete structure has good resistance to loads and the environment and reduces the risk of damage and maintenance.
Aesthetics of a face in the digital era: journey from vanity to the real essence
Authors: Salazar-Gamarra Rodrigo
Published: April 2024

We live in a world where digitalization has penetrated deep into almost every aspect of our routine life. Digital technologies, like facial scanning systems, computed tomography, and intraoral scanning systems, have been a revolution in dental and facial aesthetic, and it has been just as it is in most other fields (1). However, no matter how convenient the technical progress and precision in diagnosis largely become, they don't cover all that in a basic way lies behind the problems of mere outer vanity—the unconscious body image (2), intrinsic meaning of the face, and, thus, identity of an individual.
Participación de las odontólogas en la evolución de las especialidades odontológicas. Estudio transversal
Authors: Otero-Injoque Jaime , Arbildo-Vega Heber
Published: April 2024

Objective: To determine the participation of female dentists in the evolution of dental specialties in Peru and establish the gender distribution in each specialty. Materials and Methods: A descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Registry of Specialists of the Peruvian College of Dentists in August 2023. The relative frequency of female gender and the femininity index were calculated in the total population of specialists and in each specialty to assess their respective evolution over the last 25 years. Results: Currently, 51.74% of the 3,827 specialty registrations correspond to female dentists, with a femininity index of 1.072. Nine specialties with a female predominance were identified, including Pediatric Dentistry, Family and Community Health in Dentistry, and Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry. On the other hand, areas with a higher male presence are Orthodontics and Maxillary Orthopedics, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Upon analyzing the temporal evolution, a shift from the historical male majority to the current female predominance in the last fifteen years is observed, and gender parity was reached in 2019. Conclusion: There is evidence of a change in the gender composition of Peruvian dental specialties, currently with a female predominance.
Rugosidad superficial de dos resinas compuestas después de la inmersión en bebidas gaseosas: estudio in vitro
Authors: Alarcón-Torres Sharon Gianella , Chávez-Méndez Martín Andrés
Published: April 2024

Objective: Compare the surface roughness of two composite resins after immersion in carbonated beverages. Materials and methods: 160 resin discs (6 x 2 mm) were divided into 8 groups (n=20 per group) according to type of resin (Filtek™ Z350 XT® and Palfique LX5®) and type of immersion in beverages (distilled water, Coca Cola®, Inca Kola® and Kola Escocesa®. The immersions were carried out under a structured cycle: 4 immersions a day for 5 days, intermediate storage in distilled water and overnight incubation for 8 h at 37°C. The measurements with the roughness meter were evaluated in three times: baseline, 7 and 14 days. The three-way Anova test was used at P<0.05. Results: Roughness showed differences only for the individual factors of time (P<0.000) and resin (P=0.000), and for the interaction time*drink (P=0.000) and resin*drink (P=0.003). Roughness was higher with Filtek Z350 XT® immersed with Inca Kola® (0.85 ± 0.37) than 14 days compared to other times (P=0.035) and with Palfique LX5 immersed in Coca Cola® at 7 days (1.61 ± 0.42) and in Inca Kola® at 14 days (1.66 ± 0.56) compared to distilled water (P<0,05). Conclusion: Surface roughness was affected by the type of resin, the type of soft drink and the immersion time. The roughness was greater with the Palfique LX5® nanohybrid resin, the Inca Kola® drink and after 14 days of immersion.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre salud periodontal de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Un studio transversal
Authors: Aranda Rischmoller Jackeline , Acosta Vargas Sheyly Franchesca , Alegre Rubina Yalina Nataly , Casas Apayco Leslie Caroll
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease, so knowledge about this disease is important for health professionals for an assertive and early diagnosis. Objective: Determine the level of knowledge about periodontal health in Health Sciences students at a private university in Lima-Perú. Materials and Methods: Through a descriptive and cross-sectional study, 200 students from the Faculty of Health Sciences were evaluated. The sample size was obtained using a proportion estimation formula. The level of knowledge about periodontal health was measured using a specific virtual and self-applicable questionnaire, which was fully validated. University students of legal age and who signed the informed consent were included. This consisted of 16 questions about the causes, signs, prevention habits and relationship with systemic diseases related to periodontal disease. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies) and means and averages for age. Results: The level of knowledge was medium in 38%, high in 32.5% and low in 29.5% of the students surveyed. 96.5% knew that periodontal disease is preventable; However, 91.5% do not know what its main clinical sign is. Conclusions: The use of a self-applicable and specific questionnaire is beneficial to evaluate and measure knowledge about periodontal health, and the Health Sciences students evaluated have a medium level of knowledge about periodontal health.
Alternativas de tratamiento preventivo en pacientes pediátricos con trastorno del espectro autista en la consulta odontológica. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Valdez-Zambrano Vianca E. , Romo-Cardoso Adriana
Published: April 2024

Autism comes from the Greek word auto, which means "self." Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication. Dental treatment in patients with ASD can be challenging due to their behavior. Therefore, this review discusses preventive treatment techniques for pediatric patients with ASD at the dental office, as the prevalence of children with autism is growing. Thus, dentists would face more patients with autism in their daily practice. Regarding treatment protocols, they would require specialized attention in dental management. Information was searched in the following databases: PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc, Elsevier, and the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry (IAPD). The descriptors used were: Pediatric Dentistry, Autism, ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Management of the autistic patient.
Group B Strep in Pregnancy and Allium sativum L.
Authors: Torres Kátia Andrea de Menezes , Lima Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa , Gamberini Maria Thereza , Rodrigues Domingos Sávio , Junior Pedro Ismael da Silva
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Maternal colonization with Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus(GBS) during pregnancy increases the risk of neonatal infection via vertical transmission from mother to fetus before or during labor.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the SP80 fraction derived from Allium sativum and, its synergistic potential with the antibiotics against GBS strains.
Methods: Antimicrobial activity and synergism were assessed using broth microdilution and disk diffusion assays. Fifty-five clinical isolates and one ATCC strain of GBS were tested using the disk diffusion method against the combination of the SP80 fraction with ampicillin and penicillin G, respectively and one ATCC strain was tested using broth microdilution assay.
Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of SP80, ampicillin, and penicillin G against Streptococcus agalactiae(ATCC 12386) were found to be 5 µg/µL, 14 µM, and 3.75 µM, respectively. The combination of SP80 and antibiotics, assessed through the broth microdilution assay, demonstrated an additive effect. Statistical analysis revealed that the mean for ampicillin, when combined with the SP80 fraction, using the disk diffusion method, increased compared to ampicillin alone, although not significantly, and the mean for penicillin G, when associated with the SP80 fraction, remained unchanged. The inhibition halos obtained with isolated antibiotics indicated that the strains tested exhibited greater resistance to penicillin G compared to ampicillin.
Conclusions: The SP80 fraction displays antimicrobial activity against GBS. When combined with antibiotics, it exhibits an additive effect, suggesting a promising approach for combating GBS infections.
Comparison of Visual Performance between Monofocal and Rotationally Asymmetric Refractive Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Miyoshi Masaki , Tanabe Hirotaka , Shojo Tomohiro , Yamauchi Tomofusa , Takase Kosuke , Tabuchi Hitoshi
Published: April 2024

Objective or Purpose
We compared the visual performance of a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) (ZCB00) and a rotationally asymmetric refractive IOL with +1.5 diopters near addition (Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15).
Design
Retrospective Comparative Case Series.
Subjects, Participants, and/or Controls
A total of 1352 eyes of 676 patients were enrolled; the ZCB00 group comprised 904 eyes of 452 patients (72.3 ± 6.8 years; females/males, 268/184), and the LS-313 MF15 group included 448 eyes of 224 patients (73.6 ± 7.0 years; females/males, 125/99).
Methods, Intervention, or Testing
We investigated postoperative parameters ten weeks after surgery from both eyes of cataract patients who underwent bilateral implantation with one of the two IOLs within three months between 2011 and 2019. A linear mixed-effects model was used for both eyes, strictly adjusting for sex, age, subjective refraction spherical equivalent, subjective refraction cylinder, corneal astigmatism, axial length, corneal higher-order aberrations, and pupil diameter to ensure statistical validity.
Main Outcome Measures
Visual acuity at different distances, contrast sensitivity with and without glare, the quality of vision assessed by the Japanese version of the NEI VFQ-25, and the use of spectacles after surgery.
Results
The corrected distance visual acuity was significantly better,and the higher-order aberrations (ocular/internal, scaled to a 4/6-mm pupil; WF_4_post_O_TotalHOA, _Third, _Fourth, _Trefoil, _Coma, _Tetrafoil, _Spherical; WF_4_post_I_TotalHOA, _Third, _Fourth, _Trefoil, _Coma, _Tetrafoil, _Spherical, WF_6_post_O_Spherical, and WF_6_post_I_Spherical) were significantly smaller in the ZCB00 group (p<0.00068, Wald test). Contrast sensitivity with glare (6.3 degrees) and spectacle independence (near) were significantly better in the LS-313 MF15 group (p<0.00068, Wald test).
Conclusions
In terms of visual parameters, each IOL group displayed different characteristics at a high level of performance.
Lateral carrier diffusion in ion-implanted ultra-small blue III-nitride microLEDs.
Authors: Slawinska Julia , Muziol Grzegorz , Kafar Anna , Skierbiszewski Czeslaw
Published: April 2024

Ultra-small micro-light emitting diodes (µLEDs), sized below 10 µm, are indispensable to create next-generation augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) devices. Their high brightness and low power consumption could not only enhance the user experience by providing vivid and lifelike visuals but also extend device longevity. However, a notable challenge emerges: a decrease in efficiency with reduced size. This study casts light on this critical issue, investigating the lateral carrier diffusion in ion-implanted µLEDs. The implanted area restricts the carrier injection and defines the µLED size to diameters of 10, 5 and 2 µm without introduction of non-radiative recombination centres in the quantum well area. We observed a drop of efficiency for smaller devices, similarly as in the case of conventional µLEDs with etched sidewalls. Electroluminescence of µLEDs was studied using a Gaussian beam telescope to analyse light intensity profiles and hence the spatial carrier distribution within the active region of µLEDs. Lateral diffusion length was determined to be 11.2 µm at j=1 A/cm2 and decreased down to 2.4 µm for j=1000 A/cm2. We explain the underlying mechanism behind the size-dependent efficiency observed in µLEDs, attributing it to lateral carrier diffusion.
Future burden of humid-heat related mortality in Europe aggravated by compound day-night warming and aging
Authors: Ge Yong , Wu Xilin , Wang Jun , Ren Zhoupeng , Zhang Die , Lai Shengjie , Wang Jianghao
Published: April 2024

Summer heatwaves are shifting from typical dry-heat to more humid conditions, with more frequent day-night compound heat extremes. As the fastest warming and aging continent, understanding the roles of climate and population dynamics is crucial for Europe to avoid underestimation of future heat-related health risks. Here we use a distributed lag nonlinear model that accounts for humid heat and day-night compound hot extremes to quantify future heat-related excess mortality in Europe due to changes in climate, population size, and age structure. We find humid heat can reduce the root mean square error of the model by 26 deaths compared to dry-bulb tempreature alone. Day-night compound hot extremes posing a 1.5 times higher risk of death than daytime only heat when lasting over 3 days. We project that total annual heat-induced mortality in Europe will increase by 24,670–69,827 deaths per degree of global warming under different Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), with western and northern Europe suffering the most. The increase in the future burden of heat-related mortality burden in Europe is dominanted by increased warming levels (accounting for 51.2–89.1% of the increase heat-related deaths) and an aging population structure (explaining 37.9–72.2% of the increase in the attributable heat-related mortality), although population decline under certain SSPs, such as SSP3 (a pathway of increased nationalism, regional rivalry, and decreased globalization), offsets over 34,000 heat-related deaths. Our analysis thus highlights the essential roles of mitigating and adapting to climate changes and increasing the resilience of older adults in reducing heat-related health risks in Europe.
Aging of the Spine: Characterizing genetic and physiological determinants of spinal curvature
Authors: Melamud Eugene , Wang Frances , Ruby J. , Sethi Anurag , Veras Matthew , Telis Natalie
Published: April 2024

Increased spinal curvature is one of the most recognizable aging traits in the human population. However, despite high prevalence, the etiology of this condition remains poorly understood. To gain better insight into the physiological, biochemical, and genetic risk factors involved, we developed a novel machine learning method to automatically derive thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in the UK Biobank Imaging cohort. In 41,212 participants, we find that on average males and females gain 2.42° kyphotic and 1.48° lordotic angle per decade of life. Increased spinal curvature was strongly associated with decreased muscle mass and bone mineral density. Adiposity had opposing associations, with decreased kyphosis and increased lordosis. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved, we carried out a genome-wide association study and identified several risk loci associated with both traits. Using Mendelian randomization, we further show that genes fundamental to the maintenance of musculoskeletal functon(COL11A1, PTHLH, ETFA, TWIST1) and cellular homeostasis such as RNA transcription and DNA repair (RAD9A, MMS22L, HIF1A, RAB28) are likely involved in increased spinal curvature.
Dual Interfacial Hydrogen Bonds Enable Efficient Deep-Blue LEDs Based on a Hybrid Copper Iodide
Authors: Li Jing , Zhu Kun , Reid Obadiah , Rangan Sylvie , Zhou Kang , Javed Nasir , Kasaei Leila , Yang Chongqing , Li Mingxing , Sun Yue , Cotlet Mircea , Liu Yi , Feldman Leonard , O'Carroll Deirdre , Zhu Kai
Published: April 2024

Solution-processed light-emitting diodes based on non-toxic copper–iodide hybrids are a compelling solution for efficient and stable deep-blue lighting, attributed to their tunability, high photoluminescence efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Here we present a new hybrid copper iodide that exhibits near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (99.4 ± 0.4%) with an emission wavelength of 449 nm and color coordinates (0.147, 0.087), alongside its emission mechanism and charge transport characteristics. We use the thin film of this hybrid as the sole active emissive layer (EML) to fabricate deep-blue LEDs and subsequently enhance the device performance via a unique dual interfacial hydrogen bond passivation strategy. This synergetic surface modification approach, integrating a new H-bond donor self-assembled monolayer with an ultra-thin PMMA capping layer, effectively passivates both heterojunctions of the copper–iodide hybrid EML and optimizes charge injections. We achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.57%, maximum luminance of 3970.30 cd m−2 with color coordinates (0.147, 0.091), and an excellent operational stability (T50) of 204 hours under ambient conditions. We further showcase a large-area device of 4 cm2 that maintains high efficiency. Our findings reveal the potential of copper iodide-based hybrid materials for applications in solid-state lighting and display technologies, offering a versatile strategy for enhancing device performances.
The measurement and correlation analysis of scleral and choroid thickness in branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Yu Xiao , Zou Yuling , Mao Ziqing , Fan Huimin , Yu Xiaolong , Liu Teng , You Zhipeng
Published: April 2024

Objective: To use Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to measure scleral thickness (ST) and subfoveal choroid thickness (SFCT) in patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) and to conduct a correlation analysis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. From May 2022 to December 2022, a total of 34 cases (68 eyes) of untreated unilateral Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) patients were recruited at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University. Among these cases, 31 were temporal branch vein occlusions, 2 were nasal branch occlusions, and 1 was a superior branch occlusion. Additionally, 39 cases (39 eyes) of gender- and age-matched control eyes were included in the study. Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) was used to measure ST at 6mm above, below, nasal, and temporal to the limbus, while Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI-OCT) was used to measure SFCT. The differences in ST and SFCT between the affected eye, contralateral eye, and control eye of BRVO patients were compared and analyzed for correlation.
Results: The axial lengths of the affected eye, contralateral eye, and control group were (22.92±0.30) mm, (22.89±0.32) mm and (22.90±0.28) mm respectively, with no significant difference in axial length between the affected eye and contralateral eye (P>0.05). The SFCT and ST measurements in different areas showed significant differences between the affected eye, contralateral eye in BRVO patients (P<0.05). In comparison between BRVO-affected eyes and control eyes, there were no statistically significant differences in age and axial length between the two groups (P>0.05). However, significant differences were observed in SFCT and temporal, nasal, superior, and inferior ST between the two groups (P<0.05). When comparing SFCT and ST between BRVO-affected eyes with and without macular edema, no statistically significant differences were found (t=-1.10, 0.45, -1.30, -0.30, 1.00; P=0.28, 0.66, 0.21, 0.77, 0.33). Correlation analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between SFCT and temporal ST in BRVO patients (r=0.288, P=0.049), while no correlation was found between SFCT and nasal, superior, and inferior ST (P>0.05).
Conclusion: In BRVO patients, both SFCT and ST increase, and there is a significant correlation between SFCT and the ST at the site of vascular occlusion.
Optimizing Solar Power Efficiency in Smart Grids Using Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Accurate Energy Generation Prediction
Authors: Bhutta Muhammad Shoaib , Li Yang , Abubakar Muhammad , Almasoudi Fahad M. , Alatawi Khaled Saleem S. , Altimania Mohammad R. , Al-Barashi Maged
Published: April 2024

The fourth energy revolution is characterized by the incorporation of renewable energy supplies into intelligent networks, driving progress in the domain. As the world is shifting towards cleaner energy sources, there is a need for efficient and reliable methods to predict the output of renewable energy plants. hybrid machine learning modified models are emerging as a promising solution for energy generation prediction. These models combine the power of traditional physics-based models with the flexibility and accuracy of machine learning algorithms to provide accurate and real-time energy production predictions. A more sustainable energy future is possible with the help of these models, which maximize the integration of renewable energy resources in smart networks. Renewable energy generation plants, such as solar, biogas, hydropower plants, wind farms, etc. are becoming increasingly popular due to their environmental benefits. However, their output can be highly variable and dependent on weather conditions, making integrating them into the existing energy grid challenging. Smart grids with artificial intelligent systems have the potential to solve this challenge by using real-time data to optimize energy production and distribution. Although by incorporating sensors, analytics, and automation, these grids can manage energy demand and supply more efficiently, reducing wastage and costs, these smart grids have significant benefits for the global energy landscape and help to reduce carbon emissions, increase energy security, and improve access to electricity in remote and rural areas too. But this research aims to enhance the efficiency of solar power generation systems in a smart grid context using machine learning hybrid models such as Hybrid Convolutional-Recurrence Net (HCRN), Hybrid Convolutional-LSTM Net (HCLN), and Hybrid Convolutional-GRU Net (HCGRN). For this purpose, this study considers various parameters of a solar plant such as power production (MWh), irradiance or plane of array (POA), and performance ratio (PR %) to predict the efficiency of the models along with the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The obtained results suggest that the proposed machine learning models can effectively enhance the efficiency of solar power generation systems by accurately predicting the required measurements.
The Mar Menor Lagoon and the incidence of childhood cancer in the Region of Murcia, Spain (2000-2018): An exploratory analysis
Authors: Carlos Ojeda-Sánchez , Rebeca Ramis-Prieto , Gema Fernández-Avilés , Francisco Díaz-Martínez , Esteban Orenes-Piñero , A Ortega-García Juan
Published: April 2024

The Mar Menor, Europe’s largest saltwater lagoon in the Mediterranean basin (Murcia, southeastern Spain), is a ecosystem facing severe pollution, anoxia events, and marine biodiversity loss. his exploratory study examines the association between residential proximity to the Mar Menor and childhood cancer incidence in Murcia from 2000 to 2018. In our case-control study of 594 cancer cases and 3,564 controls, matched by birth year and sex, participants were categorized by proximity to the lagoon (G1 ≥ 20km, G2 = 10-20km, G3 = 2-10km, G4 = ≤ 2km). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were adjusted for sociodemographic and environmental covariates. Analysis of distance as a continuous variable indicated a decrease in cancer risk with greater distance (OR = 0.992; 95% CI = 0.987–0.995), while as a categorical variable, it revealed a non-linear pattern. Specifically, the risk did not increase for those living within 2 km of the lagoon (OR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.52–1.37), whereas increased risks were observed in the 2–20 km range within Campo de Cartagena (G2; OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.01–1.73 and G3; OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.00-2.02). This suggests modulating factors near the lagoon may counterbalance risks from broader environmental contamination. These findings highlight the complexity of environmental health dynamics and the importance of detailed research to guide public health strategies and urban planning for environmental and child health protection.
Morphological Changes in Flatfoot: A 3D Analysis Using Weight-Bearing CT Scans
Authors: Cai Yuchun , Zhao Zhe , Huang Jianzhang , Yu Zhendong , Jiang Manqi , Kang Shengjie , Yuan Xinghong , Liu Yingying , Wu Xiaoliu , Ouyang Jun , Li Wencui , Qian Lei
Published: April 2024

Background
Flatfoot is a condition resulting from complex three-dimensional (3D) morphological changes. Previous studies have been constrained by using two-dimensional radiographs and non-weight-bearing conditions. The deformity in flatfoot is associated with the 3D morphology of the bone. These morphological changes affect the force line conduction of the hindfoot/midfoot/forefoot, leading to further morphological alterations. Given that a two-dimensional plane axis overlooks the 3D structural information, it is essential to measure the 3D model of the entire foot in conjunction with the definition under the standing position. This study aims to analyze the morphological changes in flatfoot using 3D measurements from weight-bearing CT (WBCT).
Method
WBCT scans were conducted on 32 patients with flatfoot and 30 healthy individuals in a standing position. The distance, angle in sagittal/transverse/coronal planes, and volume of the two groups were compared on reconstructed 3D models using the t-test. Logistic regression was used to identify flatfoot risk factors, which were then analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves and nomogram.
Result
The flatfoot group exhibited significantly lower values for calcaneofibular distance (p = 0.001), sagittal and transverse calcaneal inclination angle (p < 0.001), medial column height (p < 0.001), sagittal talonavicular coverage angle (p < 0.001), and sagittal (p < 0.001) and transverse (p = 0.015) Hibb angle. In contrast, the sagittal lateral talocalcaneal angle (p = 0.013), sagittal (p < 0.001) and transverse (p = 0.004) talocalcaneal angle, transverse talonavicular coverage angle (p < 0.001), coronal Hibb angle (p < 0.001), and sagittal (p < 0.001) and transverse (p = 0.001) Meary’s angle were significantly higher in the flatfoot group. The sagittal Hibb angle (B = −0.379, OR = 0.684) and medial column height (B = −0.990, OR = 0.372) were identified as significant risk factors for flatfoot.
Conclusion
The findings validate the 3D spatial position alterations in flatfoot. These include excessive pronation of the forefoot, the arch collapsed, subluxation of the talonavicular joint in the midfoot, adduction and valgus of the calcaneus, adduction and plantar ward movement of the talus in the hindfoot, along with the first metatarsal’s abduction and dorsiflexion in the forefoot.
Position-Agnostic Smartphone Placement Detection for Enhanced Security in Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Shehzad Saba , Buriro Attaullah , Ahmad Tahir , Ullah Subhan
Published: April 2024

This research aims to solve the problem of position-independent activity recognition, a critical aspect in accurately identifying human activities using smartphones. Our study addresses this challenge by employing Convolutional Neural Networks to classify activities such as walking, sitting, running, and more, regardless of the smartphone's position on the body. Leveraging a real-world publicly available dataset, we demonstrate 98\% accuracy obtained solely from accelerometer data, surpassing state-of-the-art techniques by 5.77%. This advancement holds promise for enhancing smartphone-based human activity recognition, particularly in security-related applications like adaptive user authentication. Overall, our research demonstrates progress toward improving the reliability and adaptability of activity recognition systems across diverse contexts.
Urine metabolomics unravel the effects of short-term dietary interventions on oxidative stress & inflammation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Singh Digar , Ham Dongwoo , Kim Seong-Ah , Kothari Damini , Park Yu Jin , Joung Hyojee , Lee Choong Hwan
Published: April 2024

Dietary biomarkers in urine are elusive in the context of diet induced oxidative stress & inflammation. Previously, we reported the effects of short-term (4-week) dietary interventions for Balanced Korean Diet (BKD) and Western diets including 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2010 DGA) and Typical American Diets (TAD) on various metabolic indices among the Korean adults with obesity. In particular, this research investigates the impact of these interventions on biomarkers related to oxidative stress and inflammation in both serum and concurrent urine metabolomes. Each dietary regimen was in silico and experimentally examined for their antioxidant levels. We assessed post-intervention variations in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in serum, as well as the urine metabolite profiles for the participants (n = 48). Antioxidant contents and associated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly higher for the recommended diets (BKD and 2010 DGA) compared to TAD (p < 0.05). Butanol extracts from recommended diets (BKD and 2010 DGA) showed significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to TAD in ABTS (p < 0.01), DPPH, and FRAP (p < 0.05) assays. Consistent results were observed in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, mirroring their respective antioxidant activities. Following the intervention period, oxidative stress & inflammation markers in serum varied marginally, however, the urine metabolite profiles were clearly demarcated for the BKD and Western dietary groups (PC1 = 5.41%). For BKD group, the pre- and post-intervention urine metabolite profiles were clearly segregated (PLS2 = 2.93%). Compared to TAD, urine extracts from the recommended dietary group showed higher abundance of benzoic acid & phenolic derivatives (VIP > 0.7, p < 0.05). Metabolites associated with oxidative stress were observed higher in the urine samples from western dietary groups compared to BKD. Urine metabolomics data delineated the post-intervention effects of three dietary interventions which corroborates the respective findings for their effects on metabolic indices.
Prediction of formation-PDC bit abrasiveness based on the fractal dimension of a rock surface
Authors: Wang Changhao , Li Shaojie , Li You , Hou Lidong , Bai Jinsong , Feng Qianwen , Liu Zhaoyi
Published: April 2024

During rock drilling, the drill bit will wear as it breaks the rock. However, there is no uniform grading standard for rock abrasiveness. To solve this problem, the wear mechanism of a PDC bit and a formation is analyzed in depth, and an abrasiveness evaluation method based on the fractal dimension of the rock surface topography is established. Initially, a three-dimensional digital model is generated from a SEM image post-drilling, followed by an evaluation of the rock surface's irregularities using an adapted W-M function to ascertain its fractal dimensionality. Then, the microcontact characteristics of the contact surface between the formation and the PDC bit are analyzed, and the distribution of the microconvex contact points of the two-body friction pair in a region is obtained. Because the sliding friction between the drill bit and the rock produces a large amount of heat, according to the contact area formula of the friction surface and heat conduction theory, the temperature rise process and temperature distribution of the formation drill bit under the condition of sliding friction are revealed, and the real contact area between the formation and the drill bit within a certain temperature range is obtained. Finally, the evaluation index of rock abrasiveness under sliding conditions is established by using the wear weight loss of the rock cutting tool per unit volume as the index of rock abrasiveness, and the model is verified by a microdrilling experiment. The research in this paper is highly important for improving the rock breaking efficiency and bit service life during drilling.
Foodborne Carbon Dots-Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Lead to Reproductive Toxicity in Male Mice
Authors: Chen Peigen , Ma Menghui , Chen Xi , Xu Zhenhan , Guo Jintao , Hu Xinyi , Lv Linyan , Guo Jianhe , Liu Guihua
Published: April 2024

Background: Increasing concerns have arisenabout the chronic ingestion of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) in food and their impact on male fertility. This investigation focused on the effects of CDs on the gut-testis axis, particularly on dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and consequent reproductive health implications.
Results: Carbon dots isolated from commercial cola were subjected to a 15-week study, revealing significant impairments in sperm function, including decreased sperm acrosome function and DNA integrity. Transcriptomic insights link the observed reproductive toxicity to alterations in the IL-17 signaling pathway and disruptions in fatty acid and tryptophan metabolism, suggesting a bacterial origin. Notably, metagenomic analyses revealed a shift in the gut microbiota composition, marked by an increase in the abundance oflipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria and a decrease in the abundance of beneficial, anti-inflammatory probiotics such as Bacteroides acidifaciens and Akkermansia muciniphila. This microbial imbalance prompts increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, leading to intestinal barrier damage and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, disruptions in tryptophan metabolism, as evidenced by diminished levels of indole and kynurenine, were linked to an exacerbated inflammatory state and barrier dysfunction. Collectively, these findings elucidate a mechanism by which foodborne CDs trigger reproductive toxicity, beginning with gut microbiota dysbiosis, increasing systemic inflammation, and culminating in metabolic and reproductive disruption.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the significant role of the gut microbiota in reproductive toxicity induced by chronic consumption of foodborne CDs, identifying the gut-testis axis as a critical mediator. These insights advocate for interventions targeting the gut microbiota balance to mitigate the reproductive health risks associated with foodborne nanoparticles.
The posteriori analysis of the spectral element discretization of the wave equation
Authors: chorfi Nejmeddine
Published: April 2024

This work focuses on discretizing a second-order linear wave equation using the implicit Euler scheme for time discretization and the spectral elements method for spatial discretization. We prove that optimal adaptivity can be achieved by combining adaptive time steps with adaptive spectral mesh. We introduce two sets of error indicators for time and space, respectively, and derive optimal estimates.
Dynamic interaction between chiral currents and surface waves in topological superfluids: a pathway to detect Majorana fermions?
Authors: Choi Hyoungsoon , Forstner Stefan , Harris Glen , Sawadsky Andreas , Bowen Warwick , Baker Christopher
Published: April 2024

Despite extensive experimental efforts over the past two decades, the quest for Majorana fermions in superconductors remains inconclusive. We propose an experimental method that can conclusively confirm, or rule out, the existence of these quasiparticles: Firstly, we shift focus from
superconductors, whose very topological nature is disputed, to the unambiguous topological superfluid helium-3. Secondly, we identify the interaction between surface waves and the chiral Majorana current in the bulk of a topological superfluid of varying density. The proposed experiment provides a path towards the detection of the Majorana fermion, an 80-year-old theoretical prediction. It is realistically achievable based on the advent of microscopic superfluid resonators coupled to optical cavities. The proposal may open the door to experiments ranging from simulations of exotic cosmological particles to topological acoustics and fault tolerant quantum computing.
A Randomized Pilot and Feasibility Trial of Live and Recorded Music Interventions for Management of Delirium Symptoms in Acute Geriatric Patients
Authors: Golubovic Jelena , Neerland Bjørn Erik , Simpson Melanie R. , Johansson Kjersti , Baker Felicity A.
Published: April 2024

Background
Delirium is an acute shift in attention and arousal, usually triggered by acute illness or surgery in older dementia patients. Prognosis is poor, and pharmacological options are limited; non-pharmacological interventions and music show promise.
Methods
This randomised pilot and feasibility trial tested feasibility, acceptability, fidelity, and safety of music interventions (MIs) for delirium patients and assessed preliminary effectiveness and suitability of the selected effect outcomes. Participants from an acute geriatric ward were randomised to Preferred Recorded Music (PRM) and Preferred Live Music (PLM), delivered for 30 minutes over three consecutive days. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment rate, retention, adherence, deviations, and treatment fidelity. Clinical outcomes were trajectory of delirium symptoms (arousal, attention, cognition), delirium duration, hospital stay length, and medication intake. Post-intervention and between groups changes in delirium symptoms were compared using mixed linear regression models for the repeated measurements. Mann-Whitney test and Fishers exact test were used for length of stay and medication use, respectively.
Results
26 participants (PLM = 14; PRM = 12), median age 87, most with hypoactive delirium were recruited at a rate of 3 participants per month. Retention rates for PLM and PRM were 64% and 33% respectively, and adherence to PLM and PRM intervention protocols were 83% and 58%, respectively. Total adherence to the assessment protocols was 44%. PLM was delivered as intended, (treatment fidelity 93%), and PRM did not satisfy treatment fidelity (83%). All delirium symptoms except arousal improved on day 3 compared to baseline, with statistically significant improvement in attention. No conclusive pre-post or between-group differences were detected for any outcomes; confidence intervals were wide.
Conclusions
Feasibility of recruitment, interventions and assessments was indicated, and greater acceptability, safety and fidelity of the PLM intervention compared with the PRM. Adoption of external assessors is warranted in future trials, to mitigate slow recruitment and low adherence. Wide confidence intervals for most measures and comparisons indicate that the possible effect of the MIs on delirium cannot be excluded. The trial was registered at Clinical Trials, ID: NCT05398211, on 31/05/2022.