bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the responsibility patients exert determine their opportunities for best clinical practice in the healthcare system?
Authors: Hyldgård Vibe Bolvig , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Støvring Henrik , Albertsen Andreas , Søgaard Rikke
Published: July 2021

Many consider inequality in health unfair if it is caused by inequality within the healthcare system but less unfair when caused by individuals’ health behaviour. However, healthcare systems are challenged when it comes to ensuring equal care for equal need. In Roemer’s equality of opportunity theory, people have equal opportunity for obtaining something if obtaining it reflects their effort instead of their circumstances. Very little is known about how responsibility exerted by patients prior to illness affects the healthcare they are provided by the healthcare system. We aimed to apply Roemer’s theory to an acute care setting where healthcare is most directly in the hands of the healthcare system in order to study the role of patient-exerted responsibility for their opportunities in the healthcare system. We operationalised the responsibility patients exert as Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking and alcohol habits, and their circumstances as demographics, socioeconomics, prognostic factors and year of discharge. Opportunity in healthcare was defined as patients’ attainment of clinical guideline-recommended acute hospital care. In Roemer’s theory, we detected inequality of opportunity as restricted attainment of healthcare was mainly associated with patients’ circumstances, such as lower education, old age or living alone. We also identified a strong association with BMI; being underweight negatively affected patients’ opportunities as it led to suboptimal healthcare, while the opposite was found for being overweight and, in particular, obese. Hence, patient-exerted responsibility affected patients’ opportunities in healthcare, though perhaps in an unexpected way. This improved understanding of inequality may help to focus future research and, in the long term, support clinical and political efforts to achieve equal care for equal needs.
Published: Online March 2021.
Empirical evaluation of home-based reablement: A review
Authors: Bersvendsen Tore , Jungeilges Jochen , Abildsnes Eirik
Published: July 2021

Home-based reablement (HBR) aims to restore or increase patients’ level of functioning, thereby increasing the patients’ self-reliance and consequently decreasing their dependence on healthcare services. To date, the evidence on whether HBR is an efficient method has not been comprehensively reviewed. The aim of this study was to provide a concise summary of relevant existing findings. In addition, we provide a critical constructive assessment of the publications reflecting the extant research.  The relevant literature on this topic was identified through a systematic search of appropriate databases. Thereafter, we screened the studies, first by title, followed by abstract and then by assessing full-text eligibility. A checklist of 15 criteria was developed and used as the basis for the quality assessment. In total, 12 studies from Australia, New Zealand, the USA and Norway were included in the full-text review. The studies reported estimated cost differences between HBR and usual care after the intervention. All the studies indicated lower costs for HBR, but not all of them reported a significant difference. The same pattern was also found for other measures of physical functioning and quality of life. The assessment revealed one specific common pattern: None of the papers scrutinized provided sufficient information about the data or the statistics employed, and all lacked external validity. Some promising results have been reported with respect to HBR reducing the need for specialist or residential care. In short, the existing evidence regarding the effects of HBR is still inconclusive. The findings from the quality assessment should motivate a multidisciplinary approach for future research on HBR.
Published: Online May 2021.
Pensamento Computacional e Programação Scratch: uma revisão de literatura do SBIE
Authors: Ferreira Luisa S. , Santos Sylvana Karla S. L. , Bonfim Cristiane Jorge L.
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um levantamento dos trabalhos que relacionam pensamento computacional e a plataforma Scratch no contexto do ensino de programação para estudantes da educação básica. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura com o foco em estudos relacionados às experiências práticas no contexto da educação básica,principalmente no ensino fundamental. A busca considerou os trabalhos publicados no SBIE no período de 2001 a 2019.
Aplicação do Algoritmo Genético Para Elaboração de Roteiros Turísticos na Serra da Ibiapaba, Ceará
Authors: Costa João Victor da , Aragão Anderson Passos de , Veras Nécio De Lima
Published: July 2021

A Serra da Ibiapaba, no Ceará, desponta como uma região com grande potencial turístico no estado. Devido a isso, o presente trabalho realizou a aplicação do Algoritmo Genético (AG) para elaborar uma rota ótima,baseada na menor distância, entre um conjunto de locais turísticos da região. O problema foi modelado através de grafos e as distâncias obtidas através do Google Maps. Os resultados apontaram que o AG reduziu em ate 66,58% a distancia do roteiro inicial proposto, realizando tal função em um tempo inferiora 1,8s. Este trabalho foi utilizado como base para uma aplicação planejadora de roteiros turísticos otimizados e personalizados.
Using Social Media for the Development of Civic Engagement and Local Governance
Authors: Roengtam Sataporn
Published: July 2021

The main objective of this study is to propose guidelines for the development of the administration of local government organizations using digital technology, such as the use of social media in the administration. It will be used in the case of promoting public participation in public policy formulation. The information on the features needed to develop operating systems on social media applications would be collected and then trialed. At the same time, data was collected from the experiments. Then, the received information is made into a user manual. The study found that the municipality could use social media to enhance the communication efficiency between municipalities with the public at an efficiency level. At the effectiveness level, people were satisfied with using social media to raise complaints and recommend municipalities. Meanwhile, municipalities can obtain adequate information to use in making operational decisions in comparison with regular operations. And at the impact level, it was found that the municipality could encourage people to participate in the administration of local administrative organizations and support municipalities begin to take new approaches in response to the needs of the people even better.
Seven new giant pill-millipede species and numerous new records of the genus Zoosphaerium from Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)
Authors: Wesener Thomas , Sagorny Christina
Published: July 2021

Seven new species of the giant pill-millipede genus Zoosphaerium Pocock, 1895 are described from Madagascar: Z. nigrum sp. nov., Z. silens sp. nov., Z. ambatovaky sp. nov., Z. beanka sp. nov., Z. voahangy sp. nov., Z. masoala sp. nov. and Z. spinopiligerum sp. nov. All species are described based on drawings and scanning electron microscopy, while genetic barcoding of the COI gene was successful for six of the seven new species. Additional COI barcode information is provided for the first time for Z. album Wesener, 2009 and Z. libidinosum (de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897). Zoosphaerium nigrum sp. nov. and Z. silens sp. nov. belong to the Z. libidinosum species-group, Z. ambatovaky sp. nov. to the Z. coquerelianum species-group, Z. beanka sp. nov., Z. voahangy sp. nov. and Z. masoala sp. nov. to the Z. platylabum species-group and Z. spinopiligerum sp. nov. to the Z. piligerum species-group. Updated identification keys are provided for each species-group. Two western dry forest species, Z. silens sp. nov. and Z. voahangy sp. nov. are recorded from two localities, while the other five species are currently only known from their type localities. Of special conservation concern might be Z. ambatovaky sp. nov. from the lowland rainforest fragment of Ambatovaky, a nowadays isolated lowland rainforest, rapidly shrinking due to slash and burn agriculture. In addition to the new species, new locality data is provided for 11 species and numerous unidentifiable species of Zoosphaerium: Z. neptunus (Butler, 1872), Z. platylabum (de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902) and Z. piligerum (de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897) from the central eastern montane forests, as well as Z. ambrense Wesener, 2009, Z. aureum Wesener, 2009, Z. libidinosum, Z. corystoides Wesener, 2009, Z. discolor Wesener, 2009, Z. smaragdinum Wesener, 2009, Z. villosum Wesener & Sierwald, 2005 and Microsphaerotherium anjozorobe Wesener, 2009.
Cenários virtuais de aprendizagem como recurso pedagógico diante da pandemia do novo coronavírus: relatos das experiências docentes
Authors: Santos Willian Lima , Ferrete Anne Alilma Silva Souza , Alves Manoel Messias Santos
Published: July 2021

O distanciamento físico causado pela pandemia da COVID-19 (Novo Coronavírus), em pleno ano de 2020, tem (re)configurado o processo de ensino e aprendizagem por meio do ambiente virtual como cenário educativo nas modalidades de ensino presencial, inclusive na Educação Básica. Este estudo tem como principal objetivo descrever a utilização dos Cenários Virtuais de Aprendizagem como recurso pedagógico implementado por escolas da rede pública de ensino no município de Jeremoabo/BA. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com viés descritivo, caracterizada como estudo de caso. A produção de dados se deu a partir da análise dos informes publicados em redes sociais das instituições, assim como da realização de entrevista semiestruturada online, que contou com a participação de 10 (dez) professores pertencentes ao quadro efetivo de funcionários, tanto na rede municipal quanto estadual de educação, atuantes em escolas do município. Como resultado, ficou evidenciada a contribuição dos cenários virtuais na prática docente para o prosseguimento do ano letivo diante da pandemia, mesmo sem formação específica para lidar com as tecnologias digitais no ensino; além disso, a dificuldade dos professores está centrada na inclusão do aluno no espaço digital, considerando-se a escassez dos recursos e a indisponibilidade de conexão estável com a internet.
Statistical analysis of tourism flows between Ukraine and the Baltic Sea Region countries in 2012—2019
Authors: Satyr Larysa M. , Zadorozhna Ruslana P. , Stadnik Leonid I.
Published: July 2021

This article explores the features and trends in inbound and outbound tourism flows between Ukraine and the Baltic Sea region (BSR) countries in 2012—2019. The research question is whether inbound or outbound tourism prevailed and how visa-free travel to the Schengen Area affected the number of Ukrainians travelling to the Baltic Sea Region. Two data sources were used in the study. These are the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum and data from the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine on the number of foreign citizens visiting Ukraine and the number of Ukrainians travelling abroad. The study employs the statistical methods of structural shifts analysis, time series analysis, and graphical visualization. The findings indicate that Ukrainian outbound tourism was growing steadily over the study period, whilst visa-free travel to the Schengen Area had no statistically significant impact on the number of outbound tourists from Ukraine to the BSR. Outbound tourism flow prevailed over inbound. The number of inbound tourists to Ukraine sharply declined after 2013 because of the socio-political situation in the country. The analysis reveals significant changes in inbound and outbound tourism flow structures. The COVID-19 pandemic is shown to be a critical factor influencing the current state and prospects of the tourism industry.
Developing geotourism with a focus on geoheritage in a transboundary region: the case of the Curonian Spit, a UNESCO site
Authors: Anokhin Aleksei Yu. , Kropinova Elena G. , Spiriajevas Eduardas
Published: July 2021

Recreation in conservation areas has compelled special attention amid international travel restrictions. The tension between the conservation and economic use of these territories is increasing. This work aims to find ways to optimise and modernise environmental outreach and recreation in national parks — one of the conservation area types. Geotourism is a sustainable form of tourism, which bridges the gap between conservation and recreation. Several objectives have been attained to fulfil this aim. Firstly, best practices of geotourism development in conservation areas have been analysed. Secondly, the resource potential for diversifying ecotourism events in conservation areas has been measured. Thirdly, an algorithm for a geological heritage-focused ecotour — an innovative recreation product aimed at eco-education and community outreach — has been designed. The authors view the methodology for geotour design as an instance of heritage preservation and propose a new tourist route — the Geological and Geomorphological Chronicle of the Baltic Sea. This tour acquaints sightseers with the nature of the Curonian Spit national park, a unique geological and geomorphological feature whose landscapes are a product of centuries-long human-nature interactions. Twenty years ago, in 2000, the conservation area was listed by UNESCO as a place of considerable natural significance. The field studies were carried out as part of the international project Ecotour4Natur: Ecotourism as a Tool for the Preservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage within the Lithuania-Russia cross-border cooperation programme 2014—2020. The obtained algorithm for ecological route design may benefit other national parks as well.
El acceso al pasado en una sociedad acelerada
Authors: Samper Ayape Iker
Published: July 2021

Tras los acontecimientos bélicos que asolaron el mundo durante el siglo XX, en concreto, a partid de 1980, aumento el interés y el acercamiento teórico sobre el pasado y la memoria. Partiendo de ello, la cuestión a tratar en el presente trabajo es: qué características tiene nuestro presente y cómo esto determina algunas formas de acceso al pasado. Para luego preguntarnos sobre la relación que se establece con los memoriales, es decir, en qué medida el contexto o condiciones del sujeto mediatizan su relación con la memoria.

Dado que la reflexión acerca de la memoria puede estar condicionada por las características propias de nuestro contexto: aceleración social. El acercamiento que puede tener un sujeto perteneciente a las generaciones más alejadas de lo acontecido en el siglo XX difiere mucho de la relación que pueden tener aquellos que vivieron el suceso o las consecuencias de una forma más inmediata. Por ello, debemos preguntarnos: ¿Hemos -sobre todo las generaciones más jóvenes- volcado la memoria y el conocimiento en objetos externos a los que recurrir y de esa manera no llevar el peso y poder adaptarnos al contexto actual? Estos objetos portadores de la memoria y conocimiento, como las imágenes, internet, o los memoriales, etc. ¿Están sólo bajo una lógica del consumo inmediato?, o ¿es el tipo de uso más potenciado? ¿Qué relación establecemos con los memoriales? Monumentos creados con el fin de recordar.

After the warlike events that devastated the world during the 20th century, specifically, from 1980, interest and the theoretical approach on the past and memory increased. Starting from this, the question to be dealt with in the present work is: what characteristics does our present have and how this determines some forms of access to the past. To then ask ourselves about the relationship that is established with memorials, that is, to what extent the context or conditions of the subject mediate his relationship with memory.

Since the reflection on memory can be conditioned by the characteristics of our context: social acceleration. The approach that a subject belonging to the generations furthest away from what happened in the twentieth century may have differs greatly from the relationship that those who experienced the event or the consequences can have in a more immediate way. For this reason, we must ask ourselves: Have we - especially the younger generations - turned memory and knowledge into external objects to turn to and thus not carry the weight and be able to adapt to the current context? These objects that carry memory and knowledge, such as images, the internet, or memorials, etc. Are they only under a logic of immediate consumption? Or is it the most enhanced type of use? What relationship do we establish with the memorials? Monuments created in order to remember.
Imágenes para imaginar: La importancia de atender a los archivos
Authors: García Gómez Patricia
Published: July 2021

En este artículo examinamos la importancia de estudiar las imágenes fotográficas del horror, en especial aquellas producidas por sus víctimas, frente a una tradición historiográfica que, en nombre del inimaginable, del irrepresentable de la tragedia –discurso a menudo centrado en el horror del Holocausto nazi– rechaza el estudio de sus restos visuales. Y lo hacemos a través de las reflexiones de Georges Didi-Huberman en Imágenes pese a todo, donde parte del estudio de cuatro fotografías tomadas desde el interior de Auschwitz por un detenido judío, que servirán de ejemplo central para comprender la urgencia de atender a las huellas que nos han quedado del acontecimiento. Será necesario, para ello, repensar la manera en que nos enfrentarnos a este tipo de archivos, realizar una revisión epistemológica de la disciplina histórica. El potencial cognitivo de las imágenes, y su importancia para la praxis ética y política, no serán comprendidos mientras uno no sepa adentrarse en el necesario trabajo de la imaginación. El saber, ante la imagen, ante esa realidad que urge ser comprendida, necesita de un papel activo del observador, de una mirada que sepa reconocer el dolor que hay detrás, la posibilidad de un tiempo no cerrado, capaz de afectar al presente.

This paper studies the importance of facing the archives of tragedy, especially those produced by its victims, against a historiographical tradition that, in the name of the unimaginable, of the unrepresentable of the tragedy –often focused on the horror of the Nazi Holocaust–, rejects the study of visual vestiges. We approach it through the reflections of the French art historian Georges Didi-Huberman in his work Images in Spite of All, where he analyses four photographs taken in 1944 in Auschwitz by a Jewish prisoner. It will be necessary to rethink the way to confront these documents. Their cognitive potential, and their importance for ethical and political praxis, will not be understood if we don’t go into the necessary work of imagination. The knowledge, before the image, before that reality that urgently needs to be understood, needs an active role of the observer, a gaze that recognizes the pain behind it, the possibility of an unfinished time.
Anónimo era una mujer
Authors: García-Alcaide María
Published: July 2021

“Anónimo era una mujer”, escribió Virginia Woolf en su libro Una habitación propia. Recuperamos su cita con el objetivo de comprender cómo la literatura ha estado siempre ligada al hombre, mientras que la mujer permanecía en un plano invisible a lo largo de la Historia. Las escritoras firmaban bajo pseudónimo, escondiendo sus nombres por miedo, vergüenza o presión social; algunas permitían el intrusismo de sus maridos, quienes se otorgaban los méritos de sus obras, y otras simplemente caían en el olvido. Es necesario recuperar la memoria para darles el lugar que se merecen, especialmente en el ámbito educativo, donde los libros de texto están repletos de literatura masculina mediante la cual el alumnado aprende a amar, sentir o llorar como lo hacían Lorca, Neruda o Benedetti, aniquilando así una visión feminista en todos los planos en los que progresar signifique también conocer cómo aman, sienten o lloran las mujeres.

"Anonymous was a woman," wrote Virginia Woolf in her book A Room of one's own. We recover her quote with the aim of understanding how literature has always been linked to men, while woman remained in the background throughout history. Women writers signed under pseudonyms, hiding their names out of fear, shame or social pressure; some of them allowed the intrusion of their husbands, who gave themselves credit for their works, and others simply fell into oblivion. It is necessary to recover their memory in order to give them the place they deserve, especially in the educational field, where textbooks are full of male literature through which students learn to love, feel or cry as Lorca, Neruda or Benedetti did, thus annihilating a feminist vision at all levels where progress means also knowing how women love, feel or cry.
DfID’s Last Stand
Authors: Davidson Laura
Published: July 2021

This article critiques the new Theory of Change (ToC) on mental health published
by the UK’s Department for International Development (DfID) in the last
fortnight of its existence. The ToC offers development actors a framework for
better support of beneficiaries with mental health conditions and psychosocial
disabilities – given disappointingly scant attention by the sector to
date. Yet, 70 per cent of mental disorders occur in low- and middle-income
countries (LMICs), with a 22 per cent prevalence in fragile and
conflict-affected states. Globally, mental ill-health is estimated to affect
almost one billion people. Its intersectionality with poverty and physical
health has been brought into sharp focus by the current COVID-19 pandemic which
has magnified the underlying social and environmental stressors of mental
health. DfID’s ToC provides a conceptual framework for improving mental
health globally, with an overarching vision of the full and equal exercise of
all human rights by those affected by mental health conditions and psychosocial
disability. The framework incorporates a rights-based approach with
user-participation embedded in five critical change pathways to outcomes. The
article analyses the ToC, provides an overview, highlights gaps and comments
upon how DfID might have improved clarity for development actors seeking to
realise its vision.
Hydroxychloroquine and the human placenta: a systematic review and preliminary studies
Authors: Scott Rebecca
Published: July 2021

No abstract
Quality and Evaluation Report: Virtual Fracture Clinic at Wythenshawe Hospital
Authors: Warner Christian , Pillai Anand
Published: July 2021

Background: Following its introduction at Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 2011, the Virtual Fracture Clinic model of managing outpatient musculoskeletal injuries has grown significantly in popularity. Wythenshawe Hospital introduced this model to their orthopaedic department in 2015. Aims: How do individual consultants vary in terms of discharge rate versus face-to-face follow up when reviewing cases in a Virtual Fracture Clinic? To assess patients’ level of satisfaction with the management of their injury under a Virtual Fracture Clinic System. Methods: A retrospective study of a cohort of patients over 12 months from 11th May 2017 to 11th May 2018. Data regarding the number of patients reviewed in Virtual Fracture Clinic during this time was collected and the numbers of patients discharged or recalled for follow up analysed. A telephone questionnaire based on the NHS Friends and Family Test was collected from 50 patients within this cohort to assess overall satisfaction with their care. Results: 3361 patients were referred to virtual fracture clinic during the inclusion period. The mean percentage of cases discharged from virtual fracture clinic is 30.4% with a median of 30.5%. The rates of discharge ranged from Consultant G at 13% to Consultant K at 39%. 88% of patients would recommend this service to their friends and family and 80% would rate the service at the level of good or excellent. Conclusion: A virtual fracture clinic model has been successfully implemented at Wythenshawe saving approximately 1157 appointments in 12 months. There is significant variation in discharge rates between consultants which appears to be influenced by the number of patients seen. Individual factors which affect this require further investigation. Patients are very satisfied with their care through the Virtual Fracture Clinic at Wythenshawe Hospital and an overwhelming majority would recommend this to others.
Journal Club Summary 2020
Authors: Nijamudeen Aysha , Tay Tricia
Published: July 2021

This is a summary of journal club-cum-teaching series organised by the Manchester Medical Journal to teach students critical appraisal skills.
ИЗГРАДЊА ДОМА КРАЉА ПЕТРА I ВЕЛИКОГ ОСЛОБОДИОЦА У БАЊОЈ ЛУЦИ (НАРОДНО ПОЗОРИШТЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ)
Authors: Чекић Љиљана
Published: July 2021

У овом раду је анализиран сложени процес настанка објекта Дом краља Петра I Великог Ослободиоца , поливалентне грађевине која је морала да задовољи потребе више културних институција, од којих је највећа било Народно позори- ште Врбаске бановине. Основано политичком одлуком у вријеме диктатуре Краља Александра I Карађорђевића, у изузетно сиромашној средини каква је била Врба- ска бановина, бановинско позориште је пролазило нестабилан период рада од свог оснивања до уласка у нову зграду, у сталној неизвјесности од могућег затварања. Изградња Дома краља Петра I Великог Ослободиоца учврстила је егзистенцију ове институције и обезбиједила простор у коме ће се наставити развијати позоришна умјетност, а Бања Лука постати средиште позоришног развоја Врбаске бановине, односно Босанске Крајине, данас Републике Српске. Кориштењем историографског метода у обимној техничкој документацији чија анализа је представљала доми- нантан дио овог истраживања препознати су подаци који су били релевантни за стварање прецизне слике о процесу настанка објекта који је предмет анализе. На основу изнесених података индуктивним методом су настали закључци не само о проблемима са којима су се сусретали градитељи него и о начину функционисања позоришног живота који је дефинисан умјетницима, али и простором и финанси- јама који су га условљавали.
КЊИГА О СТВАРАЊУ „НАЦИЈЕ С ГРЕШКОМ“
Authors: Субић Радован
Published: July 2021

Нација у свој својој вишезначно- сти настаје у сложеном процесу који захтијева вријеме и једна од њених карактеристика је заједничко сје- ћање, заједничка прошлост. Прошлост Црне Горе од теократије (1697–1852), преко кнежевине (1852– 1910) до краљевине (1910–1918) уз све своје специфичности била је несумњиво српска, док је Косов- ски завјет био водиља црногорских владика и владара. Године 1848, док су револуционарни покрети потре- сали Европу, Петар II Петровић Његош (1813–1851) предложио је да се након „остварења најважни- јег задатка“ – ослобођења Српства и уједињења у новој држави подијели духовна и свјетовна власт. Црногор- ски владика отишао би тада у Пећку патријаршију а „кнез српски у Призрен“. Одрицање од владичанског трона и узимање свјетовне титуле кнеза од стране његовог насљедника као и потоња династичка супарни- штва нису промијенили схватања да бити Црногорац истовремено значи и бити Србин.
The tradition of Orthodox singing of the baptized Tatars of the Laish and Mamadysh districts of Kazan province: the historical background
Authors: Gumerova Aysylu Tagirovna
Published: July 2021

The research object is church singing of the Kryashens (baptized Tatars), a sub-ethnic community of the Tatars following Eastern Christianity. The Kryashens are the bearers of a unique Orthodox singing tradition combining church chants and prayer texts in the Tatar language. The research subject is the historical background of church singing of baptized Tatars which inhabited the Laish and Mamadysh districts of Kazan province. The chronological framework covers the period of generation of the tradition - the late 19th - the early 20th century, which was the period of active missionary efforts of the Russian Orthodox church in the region. The author uses the historical, culturological and source study methods which help to detect the ways of formation of the singing tradition: they are connected with the introduction of a new system of religious and school education of “aliens” in the region, and the start of holding church services in the Tatar language. The research contains the information about the work of schools for the baptized Tatars and parishes in the late 19th - the early 20th century. The author evaluates the modern condition of the Kryashens’ Orthodox singing tradition in the region under consideration and detects the prerequisites of its development which had been established by missionaries in the pre-revolutionary period. The author arrives at a conclusion about an important role of music in the process of christian education of the baptized Tatars, and about significant contribution of the pre-revolutionary missionaries to the formation of spiritual and singing practice of the ethnos, which is currently an important component of its music culture. This ethno-regional tradition of Orthodox singing is considered in Russian musicology for the first time.   
The role of E. Mravinsky in the triumph of Shostakovich’s Symphony No 5
Authors: Wang Bojian
Published: July 2021

The author reconsiders the interpretation of the concept of Shostakovich’s Symphony No 5 based on the fact that the composition was created during Stalin’s Great Terror of the 1930s and after a harsh criticism of his compositions by the Communist Party and the USSR government in the early 1930s. During the creation of the Symphony No 5, the Soviet music experts defined its concept as a celebration of a “happy” life of Soviet people, However, in the author’s opinion, the symphony has another idea. The researcher notes that the triumph of the Symphony No 5 in the global culture had happened only owing to the director’s interpretation by Yevgeny Mravinsky during the premiere at Leningrad Philharmonic Hall on November 21, 1937, after which the Symphony was performed all over the world and became the gold standard of the Soviet music. Probably, Shostakovich intended to create an optimistic finale for the Symphony. But there are many examples when the composer’s goal doesn’t correspond with the final result. The author provides the conclusion that almost all music experts, who analyze this symphony, use abstract phrases: contrast themes, lyrical image, enemy, etc. But the only proven fact is that a “mechanistic” march is a heavy and ponderous advance of the power of a tyrant eliminating everything he wants based on the principle “who is not with us is against us”. This idea pierces into the Forth and later the Seventh Symphonies by Shostakovich. Today, the Symphony is still a music masterpiece and a part of the global music heritage, but the new socio-cultural interpretations of modern directors each time reveal the new faces of this composition.  
Cristianesimo delle origini e politica linguistica
Authors: Barzanò Alberto
Published: July 2021

The Roman world was a multilingual community. Aiming on one side to ensure effective communication (as Latin was not so widely known and spoken) but not to encourage nationalistic revivals on the other, Romans choose Greek as an additional official language. Indeed, Greek, by then already deprived of any national character, was already used as a ‘lingua franca’ in the eastern Mediterranean. Despite Jewish tendency to refer to Hebrew as a mark of national and religious identity, early Christianity adopted (and maintained until the second half of the II century) Greek as its own language. This choice was not only due to practical considerations related to communication needs, but also to more ‘political’ reasons, and therefore it must be framed in the more general friendly approach to the Roman empire which was always taught during his life by Jesus and was practiced by him even in front of Pilate.
Callia e la confederazione euboica
Authors: Gallotta Stefania
Published: July 2021

Callias of Chalcis is the main figure of Euboean history in the mid-fourth century b.C. Aeschines (III 85-105) dedicated a long exursus to him, thanks to it we could understand and analyze the close relationship between Athens and the island, during the reign of Philip II of Macedonia. The complex question of the existence of the Euboean koinon in the fourth century is very interesting, and the debate among scholars is still open. A reconstruction of the events of the life of this character, on which a specific study is still missing, and a review on the controversial question of Euboean koinon are the focus of this paper.
Un’ampolla in vetro blu nell’antica Bergomum
Authors: Gritti Elena
Published: July 2021

This paper presents an unusual blue bunch of grapes-shaped ampulla from ancient Bergomum. The aim is the analysis of the types of glasses of bunch grapesshaped. According to the spread of these glasses and the find of a sample in Bergamo, this paper offers a possible case study of trade channels between the Levant, first area of production of these samples, and northern Italy.
Structural basis of the effect of activating mutations on the EGF receptor
Authors: Galdadas Ioannis , Carlino Luca , Ward Richard A , Hughes Samantha J , Haider Shozeb , Gervasio Francesco Luigi
Published: July 2021

Mutations within the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are common oncogenic driver events in non-small cell lung cancer. Although the activation of EGFR in normal cells is primarily driven by growth-factor-binding-induced dimerization, mutations on different exons of the kinase domain of the receptor have been found to affect the equilibrium between its active and inactive conformations giving rise to growth-factor-independent kinase activation. Using molecular dynamics simulations combined with enhanced sampling techniques, we compare here the conformational landscape of the monomers and homodimers of the wild-type and mutated forms of EGFR ΔELREA and L858R, as well as of two exon 20 insertions, D770-N771insNPG, and A763-Y764insFQEA. The differences in the conformational energy landscapes are consistent with multiple mechanisms of action including the regulation of the hinge motion, the stabilization of the dimeric interface, and local unfolding transitions. Overall, a combination of different effects is caused by the mutations and leads to the observed aberrant signaling.
Rapid mechanical stimulation of inner-ear hair cells by photonic pressure
Authors: Abeytunge Sanjeewa , Gianoli Francesco , Hudspeth AJ , Kozlov Andrei S
Published: July 2021

Hair cells, the receptors of the inner ear, detect sounds by transducing mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. From the top surface of each hair cell protrudes a mechanical antenna, the hair bundle, which the cell uses to detect and amplify auditory stimuli, thus sharpening frequency selectivity and providing a broad dynamic range. Current methods for mechanically stimulating hair bundles are too slow to encompass the frequency range of mammalian hearing and are plagued by inconsistencies. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a method to move individual hair bundles with photonic force. This technique uses an optical fiber whose tip is tapered to a diameter of a few micrometers and endowed with a ball lens to minimize divergence of the light beam. Here we describe the fabrication, characterization, and application of this optical system and demonstrate the rapid application of photonic force to vestibular and cochlear hair cells.
Future life expectancy in Europe taking into account the impact of smoking, obesity, and alcohol
Authors: Janssen Fanny , Bardoutsos Anastasios , El Gewily Shady , De Beer Joop
Published: July 2021

Introduction: In Europe, women can expect to live on average 82 years and men 75 years. Forecasting how life expectancy will develop in the future is essential for society. Most forecasts rely on a mechanical extrapolation of past mortality trends, which leads to unreliable outcomes because of temporal fluctuations in the past trends due to lifestyle ‘epidemics’. Methods: We project life expectancy for 18 European countries by taking into account the impact of smoking, obesity, and alcohol on mortality, and the mortality experiences of forerunner populations. Results: We project that life expectancy in these 18 countries will increase from, on average, 83.4 years for women and 78.3 years for men in 2014 to 92.8 years for women and 90.5 years for men in 2065. Compared to others (Lee–Carter, Eurostat, United Nations), we project higher future life expectancy values and more realistic differences between countries and sexes. Conclusions: Our results imply longer individual lifespans, and more elderly in society. Funding: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) (grant no. 452-13-001).
Improving statistical power in severe malaria genetic association studies by augmenting phenotypic precision
Authors: Watson James A , Ndila Carolyne M , Uyoga Sophie , Macharia Alexander , Nyutu Gideon , Mohammed Shebe , Ngetsa Caroline , Mturi Neema , Peshu Norbert , Tsofa Benjamin , Rockett Kirk , Leopold Stije , Kingston Hugh , George Elizabeth C , Maitland Kathryn , Day Nicholas PJ , Dondorp Arjen M , Bejon Philip , Williams Thomas N , Holmes Chris C , White Nicholas J
Published: July 2021

Severe falciparum malaria has substantially affected human evolution. Genetic association studies of patients with clinically defined severe malaria and matched population controls have helped characterise human genetic susceptibility to severe malaria, but phenotypic imprecision compromises discovered associations. In areas of high malaria transmission, the diagnosis of severe malaria in young children and, in particular, the distinction from bacterial sepsis are imprecise. We developed a probabilistic diagnostic model of severe malaria using platelet and white count data. Under this model, we re-analysed clinical and genetic data from 2220 Kenyan children with clinically defined severe malaria and 3940 population controls, adjusting for phenotype mis-labelling. Our model, validated by the distribution of sickle trait, estimated that approximately one-third of cases did not have severe malaria. We propose a data-tilting approach for case-control studies with phenotype mis-labelling and show that this reduces false discovery rates and improves statistical power in genome-wide association studies.
Shape familiarity modulates preference for curvature in drawings of common-use objects
Authors: Chuquichambi Erick G. , Palumbo Letizia , Rey Carlos , Munar Enric
Published: July 2021

Drawing is a way to represent common-use objects. The contour of an object is a salient feature that defines its identity. Preference for a contour (curved or angular) may depend on how familiar the resulting shape looks for that given object. In this research, we examined the influence of shape familiarity on preference for curved or sharp-angled drawings of common-use objects. We also examined the possibility that some individual differences modulated this preference. Preference for curvature was assessed with a liking rating task (Experiment 1) and with a two-alternative forced-choice task simulating approach/avoidance responses (Experiment 2). Shape familiarity was assessed with a familiarity selection task where participants selected the most familiar shape between the curved and the angular version for each object, or whether both shapes were equally familiar for the object. We found a consistent preference for curvature in both experiments. This preference increased when the objects with a curved shape were selected as the most familiar ones. We also found preference for curvature when participants selected the shape of objects as equally familiar. However, there was no preference for curvature or preference for angularity when participants selected the sharp-angled shapes as the most familiar ones. In Experiment 2, holistic and affective types of intuition predicted higher preference for curvature. Conversely, participants with higher scores in the unconventionality facet showed less preference for the curved drawings. We conclude that shape familiarity and individual characteristics modulate preference for curvature.
Обостренное чувство ответственности. К 100-летию Андрея Дмитриевича Сахарова. Контуры биографии, "Природа"
Authors: Фейнберг Е.Л.
Published: July 2021

21 мая исполняется 100 лет со дня рождения академика Андрея Дмитриевича Сахарова, физика-теоретика, одного из создателей первой советской водородной бомбы, диссидента и правозащитника, лауреата Нобелевской премии мира (1975) «за бесстрашную поддержку фундаментальных принципов мира между людьми и мужественную борьбу со злоупотреблением властью и любыми формами подавления человеческого достоинства». Андрей Дмитриевич был членом редколлегии «Природы» с 1959 по 1962 г. Ему посвящен специальный номер нашего журнала (1990. №8) под названием «Этюды к научному портрету А.Д.Сахарова», публикация «этюдов» продолжилась его к 70-летию (1991. №5. С.89–104). Эти материалы легли в основу книг, вышедших в те годы. В этом году, к 100-летию Андрея Дмитриевича, готовятся к изданию новые книги. Здесь мы воспроизводим один из «этюдов», автор которого, академик РАН Евгений Львович Фейнберг (1912–2005), был близким другом Сахарова и его коллегой по Физическому институту имени П.Н.Лебедева АН СССР (ФИАНу), и публикуем главу из готовящейся к изданию в Сарове книги «Из поколения победителей. Академик А.Д.Сахаров в Атомном проекте СССР» члена-корреспондента РАН Александра Константиновича Чернышёва (Российский федеральный ядерный центр — Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики).
Термоядерное оружие — основа мирного сосуществования, "Природа"
Authors: Чернышёв А.К.
Published: July 2021

Глава из книги А.К.Чернышёва «Из поколения победителей. Академик А.Д.Сахаров в Атомном проекте СССР» (Саров, 2021)
ШТОРМ НА КАСПИЙСКОМ МОРЕ В 1952 г.: СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ И МЕРЫ ПО ЛИКВИДАЦИИ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО АРХИВА РЕСПУБЛИКИ ДАГЕСТАН), "Наука юга России"
Authors: Челпанова Д.Д.
Published: July 2021

Представлены материалы о масштабном шторме и наводнении на Каспийском море, произошедшем 10–13.11.1952 г., и мероприятиях, предпринятых советским руководством по ликвидации его последствий. Статья основана на данных архивных фондов Центрального государственного архива Республики Дагестан – постановлениях Совета Министров СССР, Совета Министров РСФСР и Совета Министров Дагестанской АССР, имевших гриф секретности. Данные материалы вводятся в научный оборот впервые, тематика исследования, представленная в статье, не изучена. Штормовой ветер восточной и юго-восточной направленности на Каспийском море достигал 15–28 м/с, высота нагона составляла 1,5–4,2 м. В результате катастрофического нагона под водой оказалась полоса суши шириной до 35 км от уреза воды. Стихийное бедствие затронуло Астраханскую и Грозненскую области, Ставропольский край, Дагестанскую и Северо-Осетинскую АССР РСФСР, Гурьевскую область Казахской ССР. В анализируемых документах представлена информация о ликвидационных мерах по восстановлению пострадавшей инфраструктуры затопленных территорий и проведению спасательных операций. Центральный аппарат органов государственной власти и управления СССР регулировал и контролировал деятельность по восстановлению пострадавших регионов в результате стихийного бедствия. Советское руководство оперативно оказывало помощь пострадавшим, не допуская широкого распространения информации о природной катастрофе. В ликвидационных мероприятиях участвовали различные министерства, выделяя необходимые средства и материалы для проведения работ по восстановлению пострадавших помещений, складов, учреждений, жилых домов. Были организованы операции по спасению людей и рыболовецкого флота, потерпевших бедствие во время шторма на Каспийском море. На ликвидацию катастрофических последствий было выделено порядка 15 млн рублей. Банковский сектор СССР оказал помощь в виде кредитных средств на сумму около 11 млн рублей на строительство с отсрочкой их погашения на 2–3 года. Пострадавшим регионам отгружались промышленные материалы, товары и оборудование для восстановительных работ. Наряду с оказанием прямой помощи часть товаров предоставлялась на условиях возвращения их стоимости. Наиболее разрушительные последствия шторм нанес прибрежным территориям Астраханской области и Дагестанской АССР РСФСР, а также Гурьевской области Казахской ССР.
A RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF HARIDRADI LEHA AND VASADI KASHAYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TAMAKA SHWASA (BRONCHIAL ASTHMA)
Authors: Mutha Rashmi , Sahu Ajay Kumar , Singh Jai Prakash , Joshi Ram Kishor , Gautam Shankar
Published: July 2021

Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda is analogous to Bronchial Asthma due to similarity in causative and precipitating factors, onset, pathogenesis and symptoms. An estimated 300 million people worldwide suffer from asthma, with 250,000 annual deaths attributed to the disease. The Objective is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Haridradi Leha with and without Vasadi Kashaya in the management of Tamaka Shwasa. Total 30 patients were registered for the present study. The patients of group A were administered Haridradi Leha in a dose of 20 grams BD (Bis in die i.e., twice daily) in empty stomach orally with lukewarm water for 21 days. The patients of group B were administered Haridradi Leha (20 grams BD) and Vasadi Kashaya (50 ml BD) with Anupana (co-administers with medicine) of honey orally for 21 days. There are highly significant results (p value: p<0.01, p<0.001) in breathlessness, cough, body position, wheezing in a day, wheezing in night, heart rate in both group but quantity of sputum, respiratory rate, use of accessory muscle and mental status shows highly significant result only in Group B. Both groups have highly significant result in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Both the Haridradi Leha and Vasadi Kashaya are highly effective in the management of Tamaka Shwasa. Haridradi Leha along with Vasadi Kashaya provided better relief than Haridradi Leha alone in most of the sign and symptom of the disease at significant level.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF SHTAVARIYADI KSHEERAPAKA ON PERIMENOPAUSAL SYNDROME
Authors: Varghese Aswathi Sara , K Sandhya
Published: July 2021

Menopause is an important phase in women’s life. However, alteration in hormonal level leads to many undefined anatomical and physiological changes in women. As women spend near one third of their life span after menopause, the consequences of menopause are also experience for a longer period of time. In Ayurveda classics, Artava Nivritti or menopause is considered as a normal physiology of Jaravastha, and hence, its effects on body are not explained directly. The treatments available for menopause in the modern medicine come with many known side effects. According to, the period of menopause belongs to Parihanikala, leading to Vriddhavastha. Therefore, Rasayana can be considered as an effective treatment option. On this basis, a Ksheerapaka named as Shatavariyadi Ksheerapaka has been formulated. It comprises of a mixture of powders of Ashwagandha, Shatavari, Guduchi and Yashtimadhu. Shatavariyadi Ksheerapaka shows significant reduction in the symptoms of perimenopausal syndrome.