bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction. New advances in quantitative business history
Authors: Binda Veronica , Spadavecchia Anna
Published: July 2023

This introduction presents a special issue of Revista de Historia Industrial - Industrial History Review devoted to quantitative business history. After a brief overview of the role and position of quantitative approaches in the methodological debate in business history, we summarize some of the salient points of the articles included in this special issue. These articles highlight the valuable use of quantitative datasets and methods in business history. They also testify to the critical contribution of quantitative analyses in the historical investigation of topics in business strategy and the study of causal relationships between foundational elements of the business and financial systems. The papers also reveal the laborious process of constructing historical datasets suitable for quantitative analyses.
Frequency regulated transmission–reflection integration modes of a terahertz metasurface
Authors: Zhang Shu-ping , Li Jiu-Sheng , Guo Feng-lei , Chen Yi
Published: July 2023

The conventional transmission and reflection operating mode switching
metasurface depends on phase change materials, which are often
difficult to integrate with metasurface devices and work in real time.
Here, we propose an integration of a transmission–reflection
metasurface that can dynamically control beam direction and functions
in both transmission and reflection modes by varying the frequency of
the incident wave. Remarkably, the transmission and reflection modes
of terahertz beam manipulation can be obtained by illuminating only
the transmission side of the metasurface. The full-wave simulation
results are in good agreement with the theoretically calculated
results, which verifies the terahertz wave manipulation capability of
the proposed structure. This metasurface provides a design method for
full-space terahertz beam regulation devices.
High-sensitivity humidity sensing of a U-shaped microfiber coated with porous methacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride film
Authors: Cui Danting , Huang Sihuan , Cheng Hongdao , Zheng Huadan , Zhu Wenguo , Yu Jianhui , Zhong Yongchun , Chen Zhe
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate an intensity-modulated humidity sensor based on a U-shaped microfiber coated with porous methacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) film. The high surface-to-volume ratios of the porous structure improve the interaction between the DMC film and water molecules, resulting in significantly enhanced sensitivity of the humidity sensor. In the humidity range of 34.0%RH to 50.0%RH, the humidity sensitivity of this microfiber sensor is up to 3.090 dB/%RH, which is six times higher than that of other fiber humidity sensors. The humidity detection range can be adjusted with high humidity sensitivity (≥1.685dB/%RH) by controlling the microfiber diameter and bent diameter. Furthermore, this type of sensor has a fast recovery time of 0.023 s and a response time of only 0.692 s. This type of sensor has broad potential applications in chemical processing, medical diagnostics, instrument manufacturing, and so on.
Numerical simulation and testing of laser-MIG hybrid-welding angle-structure sheets
Authors: Cui C. Y. , Chen L. , Yang J. , Xu H. H. , Zhang W. L. , Cui X. G. , Lu J. Z.
Published: July 2023

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of laser-MIG hybrid angle-welding low-carbon 1.5-mm-thin SPCC steel sheets are presented in this work. The transient simulation analysis provides an access to the thermal-fluid phenomena prediction by employing a hybrid three-dimensional heat source model. Special attention is paid to the melt dynamic behaviors within the triangular molten pool affected by the Marangoni convection. The simulation results show that the temperature and its gradient distribution are symmetrical with respect to the laser beam, which is validated well by the experimental study. The microstructure of the welded joints was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the cross-section microstructures of welded joint are mainly composed of the weld zone, narrow heat-affected zone, and substrate. The semielliptic-like molten pool shape is consistent with that of the simulated results. The finer microstructure in the weld bead results from the rapid cooling rate of laser welding confirmed by the FEM calculation. The columnar and equiaxed dendrites are formed in the peripheral and central region of the molten pool, which is beneficial for the improvement of the microhardness.
Method for algebraic calculation of initial design parameters of a two-element telecentric f-theta lens
Authors: Novák Jiří , Mikš Antonín
Published: July 2023

A method for the algebraic calculation of paraxial design parameters of a telecentric f-theta lens is described. Moreover, a third-order aberration analysis is performed for a telecentric f-theta lens composed of two optical elements. The method can be used to calculate the starting optical design of telecentric f-theta lenses, which can be used, for example, in laser material processing, optical imaging systems, and optical metrology. The initial design parameters then can be used for further optimization in optical design software.
Integrated barium titanate electro-optic modulators operating at CMOS-compatible voltage
Authors: Han Huangpu , Wang Jing , Wang Zhengfang , Liu Chenghao , Xiang Bingxi
Published: July 2023

We propose monolithically integrated electro-optical modulators based on thin-film x-cut barium titanate that exhibit large modulation bandwidth and operate at voltages compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. The optical and radio frequency parameters of the modulator are systematically simulated, calculated, and optimized, respectively. Our simulation includes the evaluation of single-mode conditions, the separation distance between the electrode edge and the waveguide edge, bending loss, optical field distribution, and half-wave voltage-length product for optical parameters, and characteristic impedance, attenuation constant, radio frequency effective index, and −3dB modulation bandwidth for radio frequency parameters. By engineering both the microwave and photonic circuits, we have achieved high electro-optical efficiencies and group-velocity matching simultaneously. Our numerical simulation and theoretical analysis show that the half-wave voltage-length product was 0.48 V·cm, and the −3dB modulation bandwidths with a device length of 5 mm and 10 mm were 262 GHz and 107 GHz, respectively. Overall, our study highlights the potential of the proposed modulators for low driving voltage and high-performance optical communication systems.
Systematic meta-analysis of computer-aided detection to detect early esophageal cancer using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Liao Wei-Chih , Mukundan Arvind , Sadiaza Cleorita , Tsao Yu-Ming , Huang Chien-Wei , Wang Hsiang-Chen
Published: July 2023

One of the leading causes of cancer deaths is esophageal cancer (EC)
because identifying it in early stage is challenging. Computer-aided
diagnosis (CAD) could detect the early stages of EC have been
developed in recent years. Therefore, in this study, complete
meta-analysis of selected studies that only uses hyperspectral imaging
to detect EC is evaluated in terms of their diagnostic test accuracy
(DTA). Eight studies are chosen based on the Quadas-2 tool results for
systematic DTA analysis, and each of the methods developed in these
studies is classified based on the nationality of the data, artificial
intelligence, the type of image, the type of cancer detected, and the
year of publishing. Deeks’ funnel plot, forest plot, and
accuracy charts were made. The methods studied in these articles show
the automatic diagnosis of EC has a high accuracy, but external
validation, which is a prerequisite for real-time clinical
applications, is lacking.
Single-shot videography with multiplex structured illumination using an interferometer
Authors: Shibata Tomoaki , Omachi Junko
Published: July 2023

Frequency recognition algorithm for multiple exposures (FRAME) is a high-speed videography technique that exposes a dynamic object to time-varying structured illumination (SI) and captures two-dimensional transients in a single shot. Conventional FRAME requires light splitting to increase the number of frames per shot, thereby resulting in optical loss and a limited number of frames per shot. Here, we propose and demonstrate a novel FRAME method which overcomes these problems by utilizing an interferometer to generate a time-varying SI without light splitting. Combining this method with a pulsed laser enables low-cost, high-speed videography on a variety of timescales from microseconds.
Compact remote Raman system and its applications under strong sunlight research
Authors: Li Zhicong , Xue Bin , Zhao Yiyi , Huang Shuaidong , Liu Yiheng , Ling Zongcheng , Yang Jianfeng
Published: July 2023

Raman signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under a strong sunlight environment of 30000∼60000 Lux is very hard to obtain. A compact remote Raman spectrometer (CRS) has been developed for the purpose of detecting diverse types of lunar and earth minerals. The system comprises a spectrometer that is equipped with an ICCD detector, a 30 mm entry pupil diameter beam expander, and a 532 nm Nd: YAG Q-switched laser serving as the source of Raman scattering. The implementation of synchronous trigger and gating technology effectively overcomes the impact of strong sunlight. We obtained Raman spectra using a shorter integration time than in previous studies. The experimental results demonstrate that the detection of remote Raman spectroscopy under intense sunlight conditions facilitates the identification of silicates that have been discovered on the moon.
Linear Superposition as Temporal Oscillations
Authors: Patel Lalit
Published: July 2023

The linear superposition principle and the quantum entanglement phenomenon play crucial roles in the fields of quantum computing and information. Their current interpretations are not satisfactory. To reduce the measurement-bias of the current interpretation, this paper presents an alternative interpretation for the quantum linear superposition principle: A physical quantity of a quantum object keeps oscillating between the allowed values of the physical quantity. Thus, a quantum system is inherently deterministic, but it appears to be probabilistic because of randomness in timings of measurements. Then, to show that the so-called quantum entangled need not interact or communicate with each other, the paper presents an alternative interpretation of the quantum entanglement phenomenon: Quantum objects appear to be entangled if and when each physical quantity of these objects undergoes synchronous oscillations. An experimental method is presented to validate this interpretation. Quantum entanglement due to synchronous oscillations can lead to more and better ways of emulated quantum computers. A possible schema of an emulated quantum computer is presented.
The meaning of caring for patients with cancer among traditional medicine practitioners in Uganda: A grounded theory approach
Authors: Asiimwe John Baptist , Nagendrappa Prakash B. , Atukunda Esther C. , Nambozi Grace , Tolo Casim Umba , Ogwang Patrick E. , Kamatenesi Maud M.
Published: July 2023

Traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) are a critical part of healthcare systems in many sub-Saharan African countries and play vital roles in caring for patients with cancer. Despite some progress in describing TMPs’ caring experiences in abstract terms, literature about practice models in Africa remains limited. This study aimed to develop a substantive theory to clarify the care provided by TMPs to patients with cancer in Uganda. This study adhered to the principal features of the modified Straussian grounded theory design. Participants were 18 TMPs caring for patients with cancer from 10 districts in Uganda, selected by purposive and theoretical sampling methods. Researcher-administered in-depth interviews were conducted, along with three focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. The core category that represented TMPs’ meaning of caring for patients with cancer was “Restoring patients’ hope in life through individualizing care.” TMPs restored patients’ hope through five main processes: 1) ensuring continuity in the predecessors’ role; 2) having full knowledge of a patient’s cancer disease; 3) restoring hope in life; 4) customizing or individualizing care, and 5) improving the patient’s condition/health. Despite practice challenges, the substantive theory suggests that TMPs restore hope for patients with cancer in a culturally sensitive manner, which may partly explain why patients with cancer continue to seek their services. The findings of this study may guide research, education, and public health policy to advance traditional medicine in sub-Saharan Africa.
STRategy: A support system for collecting and analyzing next-generation sequencing data of short tandem repeats for forensic science
Authors: Kulthammanit Nuttachai , Sathirapatya Tikumphorn , Sukawutthiya Poonyapat , Noh Hasnee , Vongpaisarnsin Kornkiat , Wichadakul Duangdao
Published: July 2023

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are short repeated sequences commonly found in the human genome and valuable in forensic science, used for human identity and relatedness markers. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, e.g., ForenSeq Signature Prep, can sequence STRs, inferring length-based alleles and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and providing valuable insights into population and sub-population structures. Despite the potential benefits of NGS for STRs, no open-source software platform integrates the collection, management, and analysis of STR data from NGS into one place. Users must use multiple programs to process their STR data and then collect the results into a separate database or a file system folder. Moreover, analyzing repeat structures (STR repeat motifs) may require learning multiple software tools, making the process inefficient and cumbersome. To address this gap, we introduce the STRategy, a standalone web-based application supporting essential STR data management and analysis capabilities. The STRategy allows users to collect their data into its database, automatically calculates forensic parameters, and visualizes the analyzed data in various forms. Users can search the database using different options, such as by profile, loci, and genotypes, with and without a specific test kit. Moreover, users can also find the nucleotide variants of a locus among the samples. We designed the STRategy for internal use in a laboratory or an organization. Hence, our system includes role-based access control that allows users to search for or access specific data based on their responsibilities. The administrator role can customize the system, for example, configure maps according to the samples’ geographic data, and manage reference STR repeat motifs. A laboratory or an organization can download and install a copy of STRategy on their local system using Docker, as described in https://github.com/cucpbioinfo/STRategy. In summary, the STRategy is an end-to-end system that provides users with a database to collect the analyzed STR data from NGS, the dynamic analyses of forensic parameters, and the variants of STR patterns according to the newly added samples, which are then explorable via various search options and visualizations. The system is helpful for both forensic investigations and forensic genetics.
Optimization of differentiation and transcriptomic profile of THP-1 cells into macrophage by PMA
Authors: Liu Tiezhu , Huang Tao , Li Jiajia , Li Aqian , Li Chuan , Huang Xiaoxia , Li Dexin , Wang Shiwen , Liang Mifang
Published: July 2023

THP-1 monocyte, which can be differentiated into macrophages by PMA, is widely used in researches on pathogen infection and host innate immunity, but reports on the induction methods of PMA are different and lack a unified standard, and the transcriptome characteristics of macrophage compared with THP-1 cells remains unclear. In this research, we examined the differentiation effect of three factors including induction time, cell seeding density and PMA concentration by detecting the positive rate of CD14 expression. The concentration of 80ng/ml of PMA, the induction time of 24h, and the cell seeding density of 5×105 cells/ml, could respectively facilitates a relatively higher CD14 positive rate in THP-1 cells. Under this optimized conditions, the CD14 positive rate of THP-1 cells can reach 66.52%. Transcriptome sequencing showed that after the above induction, the mRNA expression of 3113 genes which were closely related to cell communication, signal transduction, cell response to stimulus, signaling receptor binding and cytokine activity were up-regulated, and the top 10 genes were RGS1, SPP1, GDF15, IL-1B, HAVCR2, SGK1, EGR2, TRAC, IL-8 and EBI3. While the mRNA expression of 2772 genes which were associated with cell cycle process, DNA binding and replication and cell division, were down-regulated, and the top genes were SERPINB10, TRGC2, SERPINB2, TRGC1, MS4A3, MS4A4E, TRGJP1, MS4A6A, TRGJP2, MS4A4A. This research optimized the induction method on THP-1 cell differentiation from three aspects and delineated the transcriptomic profile of PMA-induced THP-1 cells, laying a foundation for the construction method of cell model and for the functional study of macrophage.
A web-based survey on self-management for patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Japan
Authors: Nagahori Masakazu , Imai Takahito , Nakashoji Mikiko , Tairaka Ai , Fernandez Jovelle L.
Published: July 2023

Background/Aims

Self-management (SMN) is a recognized component of care for chronic conditions, yet its importance in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. This study evaluates the status of SMN and its relationship with quality of life (QOL) in Japanese patients with IBD.

Methods

A web-based survey was conducted among adult (≥20 years old) Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD). Registered members of an online IBD information platform completed a 45-item survey covering demographics, diet, treatment, physical condition, stress management, financial concerns, support services, and QOL. SMN was operationally defined by dietary and lifestyle behaviours, and contingency analysis was used to test for associated factors. Individual-level contributions to SMN were identified with logistic regression.

Results

There were 372 responses to the survey (211 with UC, 161 with CD). Approximately 60% of participants practiced SMN and these patients were 4–24% more likely to report positive QOL than those who did not. SMN was more common in patients with CD than those with UC. SMN practice was also associated with IBD-related hospitalisation/surgery and consultation with others about IBD (e.g. physicians, nurses, patients).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest an association between the practice of SMN and positive QOL in patients with IBD in Japan.
Enhancing forecast accuracy using combination methods for the hierarchical time series approach
Authors: A. H. Mohamed Rania
Published: July 2023

This study aims to investigate whether combining forecasts generated from different models can improve forecast accuracy rather than individual models using the hierarchical time series. Various approaches of hierarchical forecasting have been considered; a bottom-up, top-down, and an optimal combination approach. Autoregressive moving averages (ARIMA) and exponential smoothing (ETS) were used as forecasting models in creating forecasting for all levels in the hierarchy to show the effect of different forecasting methods for each hierarchical model. The results indicated that the Minimum Trace Sample estimator (MinT-Sample) and the bottom-up approaches with the ARIMA model have good predictive performance than other approaches. Moreover, the forecasts from the MinT-Sample and bottom-up approaches were combined using five different combining methods. The experimental results showed that the (AC) method is superior to all other combining methods and more accurate than other individual models at level zero (international total trade in Egypt) and level one (total exports, and total imports). So, combining forecasts generated from different models by hierarchical time series leads to more accurate forecasting of the value of imports and exports which will improve the overall international trade performance, and that is through using the forecasting values of imports and exports to plan for improving the trade balance and drawing up a more efficient production policy. Finally, the study recommends using hierarchical forecasting methods in the areas of international trade, and the Ministry of Commerce and Industry could adopt the results of this study to produce precise forecasts for international trade. Moreover, the results of this study are to be a guide for the researchers to apply these approaches in other fields to improve the performance of forecasting.
Effects of plyometric training on technical skill performance among athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Nuannuan , Soh Kim Geok , Abdullah Borhannudin , Huang Dandan , Xiao Wensheng , Liu Huange
Published: July 2023

Background

The literature has proven that plyometric training (PT) improves various physical performance outcomes in sports. Even though PT is one of the most often employed strength training methods, a thorough analysis of PT and how it affects technical skill performance in sports needs to be improved.

Methods

This study aimed to compile and synthesize the existing studies on the effects of PT on healthy athletes’ technical skill performance. A comprehensive search of SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and SPORTDiscus databases was performed on 3rd May 2023. PICOS was employed to establish the inclusion criteria: 1) healthy athletes; 2) a PT program; 3) compared a plyometric intervention to an active control group; 4) tested at least one measure of athletes’ technical skill performance; and 5) randomized control designs. The methodological quality of each individual study was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed (participant age, gender, PT length, session duration, frequency, and number of sessions). Certainty or confidence in the body of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).

Results

Thirty-two moderate-high-quality studies involving 1078 athletes aged 10–40 years met the inclusion criteria. The PT intervention lasted for 4 to 16 weeks, with one to three exercise sessions per week. Small-to-moderate effect sizes were found for performance of throwing velocity (i.e., handball, baseball, water polo) (ES = 0.78; p < 0.001), kicking velocity and distance (i.e., soccer) (ES = 0.37–0.44; all p < 0.005), and speed dribbling (i.e., handball, basketball, soccer) (ES = 0.85; p = 0.014), while no significant effects on stride rate (i.e., running) were noted (ES = 0.32; p = 0.137). Sub-analyses of moderator factors included 16 data sets. Only training length significantly modulated PT effects on throwing velocity (> 7 weeks, ES = 1.05; ≤ 7 weeks, ES = 0.29; p = 0.011). The level of certainty of the evidence for the meta-analyzed outcomes ranged from low to moderate.

Conclusion

Our findings have shown that PT can be effective in enhancing technical skills measures in youth and adult athletes. Sub-group analyses suggest that PT longer (> 7 weeks) lengths appear to be more effective for improving throwing velocity. However, to fully determine the effectiveness of PT in improving sport-specific technical skill outcomes and ultimately enhancing competition performance, further high-quality research covering a wider range of sports is required.
Impact of airway challenges on cardiovascular risk in asthma – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moore Linn E. , Brotto Andrew R. , Fuhr Desi P. , Rosychuk Rhonda J. , Wong Eric , Bhutani Mohit , Stickland Michael K.
Published: July 2023

Background

People experiencing asthma exacerbations are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. To better understand the relationship between asthma exacerbations and cardiovascular risk, this randomized case-control, cross-over controlled trial assessed the immediate systemic inflammatory and vascular responses to acutely induced pulmonary inflammation and bronchoconstriction in people with asthma and controls.

Methods

Twenty-six people with asthma and 25 controls underwent three airway challenges (placebo, mannitol, and methacholine) in random order. Markers of cardiovascular risk, including serum C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor, endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation), microvascular function (blood-flow following reactive hyperemia), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity) were evaluated at baseline and within one hour following each challenge. The systemic responses in a) asthma/control and b) positive airway challenges were analyzed. (ClinicalTrials.gov reg# NCT02630511)

Results

Both the mannitol and methacholine challenges resulted in clinically significant reductions in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in asthma (-7.6% and -17.9%, respectively). Following positive challenges, reduction in FEV1 was -27.6% for methacholine and -14.2% for mannitol. No meaningful differences in predictors of cardiovascular risk were observed between airway challenges regardless of bronchoconstrictor response.

Conclusion

Neither acutely induced bronchoconstriction nor pulmonary inflammation and bronchoconstriction resulted in meaningful changes in systemic inflammatory or vascular function. These findings question whether the increased cardiovascular risk associated with asthma exacerbations is secondary to acute bronchoconstriction or inflammation, and suggest that other factors need to be further evaluated such as the cardiovascular impacts of short-acting inhaled beta-agonists.
The micro-economic effects of COVID-19 containment measures: A simple model and evidence from China
Authors: Chen Wenxuan , Chao Songlei , Ye Jianliang
Published: July 2023

Optimizing the trade-off between economic growth and public health is a major goal of public administration, especially during public health events. Although containment measures are widely used to combat the Covid-19 outbreak, it is still debated how the measures affect the economy. Using a simplified susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model, this study investigates the dynamic impact of lockdown policy on social costs during the epidemic and the underlying mechanism, revealing that the lockdown policy has both a “shutdown effect” and an “anti-epidemic effect”, and should be implemented and lifted in a timely manner. Based on a micro-level dataset of 57,547 private enterprises in China in 2020, this study provided empirical evidence for the presence of negative “shutdown effect” and positive “anti-epidemic effect” of lockdown on reopening, both of which are in part mediated by labor input, factor mobility, and market demand recovery. Furthermore, the shutdown effect is weaker in regions with sufficient testing and quarantine resources, government capacity and preference for targeted response, whereas the anti-epidemic effect is stronger in densely populated areas with relatively low public compliance. Additionally, digital measures can aid in the containment of epidemics. The findings not only contribute to a better understanding of the rationality and effectiveness of the lockdown policy, but also provides practical evidence and implications for the government to improve the synergistic efficiency of epidemic control tools and strengthen the resilience of local economic growth.
Cross-border mergers and acquisitions in the context of economic-behavioral phenomena
Authors: Birknerova Zuzana , Gavurova Beata , Zbihlejova Lucia , Heckova Jaroslava , Chapcakova Alexandra
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT. Mergers and acquisitions are a powerful way to modify a company's portfolio and generate both long-term value and resilience. The aim and the reasons behind M&A are among the aspects that contribute to their successful implementation, so ascertaining them is also important for the purposes of maximizing the positive effects of these transactions. The first partial objective of the research presented in the paper is to identify the links between the factors affecting the success of the cross-border merger and acquisition projects and the importance of the aims that the respondents want to achieve by selling the company. The second partial objective is to identify the links between the aforementioned factors and the importance of the reasons for which respondents consider cross-border M&A. The research was conducted on a sample of 244 managers of corporations based in 45 European countries that were the subject of a cross-border merger or acquisition in the 2016-2020 period with a market capitalization of more than €100 mil. using the M&APIF methodology. Several statistically significant correlations between the assessed phenomena were recorded. The research results imply that top managers should focus their attention on particular factors more and on others less to successfully implement a project of cross-border M&A. This study may, therefore, serve as a tool for them to do so.
Grocery Shopping Behaviour in the Era of Covid-19: Panel Data Analysis from Convenience Store Sector in England, Scotland and Wales
Authors: Rybaczewska Maria , Maria Kłopocka Aneta , Kuszewski Tomasz , Sułkowski Łukasz
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT. To the best of our knowledge this is the first attempt to address the consistencies and inconsistencies between the grocery shopping behaviour shifts in the era of Covid-19 across three devolved nations of the mainland UK. We address the strictness of ‘lockdown style’ closure and containment policies that primarily restrict people’s behaviour (stringency index). We use a unique dataset of transactional data (778,305 observations) drawn from 1,282 convenience stores located in England, Scotland and Wales. Panel data analysis covers the pre-pandemic (Jan 2018 – Feb 2020) and pandemic period (March 2020 – Dec 2020). This research reveals that, despite the consistent decrease of single item transactions and increase of average spend per transaction across England, Scotland and Wales, the dynamics of these shifts in time varies meaningfully. All these shifts highly correlate with the stringency index. Analysis of additional explanatory variables i.e. store size, location, affiliation shows further dimensions.
Hungarian business students' knowledge of the current Hungarian gas market and gas consumption practices during the energy crisis
Authors: Juhasz Tímea , Kozma Tímea , Horváth-Csikós Gabriella
Published: July 2023

The pandemic and the war have had a negative economic impact on the world economy. The current structure of the energy market poses a major challenge to national governments, businesses, and households alike, and new strategies need to be developed to focus on energy efficiency. Hungary has also been strongly affected by this situation, which has had an impact on all areas of residential consumption. The present study, based on a primary questionnaire survey carried out in October-November 2022 with 273 evaluable responses, aims to explore the opinions and perceptions of students at a business university in Hungary regarding the energy crisis. The goal is to establish their knowledge about the gas situation and how it is reflected in their consumption practices and savings. The results of a survey of students at the Budapest University of Economics and Business show that young people studying economics are not really aware of the gas market situation in Hungary, but their gas saving habits are characterized by awareness and not primarily motivated by their financial situation.
Military spending and CO2 emissions: Empirical findings from countries with highest per capita military spending
Authors: Tarczyński Waldemar , Roman Łukasz , Rejman Krzysztof , Salahodjaev Raufhon , Azam Sardor
Published: July 2023

This study aims to contribute to existing research on CO2 emissions by focusing on military spending. We use data from 47 countries with the highest levels of per capita military spending over the period from 2000 to 2015. The results from the two-stage GMM estimator suggest a positive relationship between defence spending and CO2 emissions: 1% increase in per capita military spending leads to a 0.05% increase in CO2 emissions per capita. GDP per capita has an inverted U-shaped relationship with CO2 emissions, which confirms the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Renewable energy is also found to mitigate CO2 emissions. Some policy implications of this study are discussed.
Behaviour, distribution and conservation threats of Dolphin Platanista gangetica (Roxburgh, 1801) in rivers of Nepal
Authors: Labh Shyam Narayan
Published: July 2023

Nepal is a land-linked country relatively small in area. However, it is home to several rivers, and these rivers are undoubtedly beautiful additions to the mountainous nation's splendid scenic landscape. Most of Nepal's surface water drains through the three major rivers are Saptakoshi, Narayani, and Karnali. Mechi and Mahakali Rivers and their tributaries mark the international boundaries between Nepal and India. All of these originate either from the Himalayas or from the Tibet Plateau and are perennial. However, dams and other water development projects, intensive fishing, pollution, and extensive human disturbances have decreased the abundance of the Ganges River Dolphin, which is now restricted only to the Koshi and Karnali River systems and in an isolated form. The first Integrated Dolphin Census of Nepal, conducted in 2016, recorded 52 dolphins throughout the country. Of the 52 dolphins, 43 were sighted in the Mohana of Karnali and its tributaries. No dolphins have been recorded recently for the Mahakali river, and sightings in the Narayani river, are occasional. The population of the River Dolphins is declining at an alarming rate. Therefore, it is important to regularly assess the status and trends of their populations and design strategies for their conservation and sustainable use.
Territory and status of dolphins in Nepalese rivers: A review
Authors: Shrestha Madhav K , Ranjan Rahul
Published: July 2023

Nepal is endowed with vast water resources in form of glaciers, lakes, streams and rivers. All the rivers in Nepal are connected to the Ganges River system of India. The major rivers are reliable sources of water and provide habitats for aquatic animals, opportunities for hydropower, and irrigation development in downstream regions. The major rivers of Nepal include the Koshi, Gandaki (Narayani), Karnali, and Mahakali which all drain from north to south. These rivers support abundant wildlife species as well as a number of fishes, amphibians and reptiles. Most relevant to this paper is the Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica Roxburgh, 1801). The Ganges River Dolphin preys on fish, mollusks and other aquatic animals. Being a migratory species, the dolphins move from larger rivers to their tributaries, seasonally. This paper is intended to review work on the status of Ganges River Dolphin in Nepalese rivers based on secondary data obtained from different published surveys targeting the dolphin populations. The records show the Karnali River has the largest population, followed by the Koshi and Narayani rivers, with no record of dolphins occupying the Mahakali River in recent years. Recent surveys estimate about 100 dolphins living in Nepal, with 80 estimated in the Karnali River. Different anthropogenic activities including construction work, intensive fishing, pollution and the lack of conservation planning for dolphins have resulted in a decline in number from historic levels. The presence of this aquatic mammal is considered as an indicator of the overall health of the river system. The COVID-19 pandemic and lock down might have caused increased dolphin sightings. Additionally, high pre-monsoon precipitation in recent years have caused higher water levels in smaller rivers, possibly causing the dolphins to return earlier than usual to the major river systems. They were recorded to be present in the Mohana and other small tributaries of the Karnali River as early as first week of June.
Riverine health and the future of dolphins in northeastern India
Authors: Biswas S.P.
Published: July 2023

The Gangetic Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) was once found in tens of thousands in the rivers of the Indian sub-continent, but the numbers have now dwindled abysmally throughout its geographical distribution. In northeastern India too, dolphins were seen in all the major rivers and also in certain wetlands during monsoon months till the early 1980s. However, the sighting of dolphins is rare now due to natural and human-induced factors. Three factors - adequate water cover, water quality, and abundance of prey food either individually or in combination- relate to River Dolphins’ existence. Variability of meteorological parameters also severely impacts on the limno-biological parameters of riverine habitats. Restoration of Gangetic Dolphins in their traditional habitats can boost ecotourism in the region. An extensive study is necessary to assess the cumulative impact of the proposed hydroelectric projects on the aquatic biodiversity of the entire eastern Himalayan region. The need of the hour is to adopt a holistic and participatory approach for maintaining riverine health and the prey base of the Barak and the Brahmaputra systems.
The Correlation between Dye absorption Wavelength and Illumination Wavelength on DSSC Performance
Authors: Suyanto Hery , Manurung Manuntun , Indrayana I Putu Tedy , Santika Fiar Tri
Published: July 2023

This study examines the effect of the wavelength of light illuminated on DSSC on the absorption wavelength and gap dye energy. The dye used was sea lettuce anthocyanin from Sanur Beach, Bali. As much as 20 grams of dried sea lettuce powder was dissolved in 80 mL of 96% ethanol and 6% HCl. After 24 hours of immersion, it was filtered with Whatman 41 paper. The filtrate was characterized using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer so that the absorption wavelengths of the anthocyanin dye were 272.5 nm, 417 nm, and 653.5 nm. The gap energy was calculated using the Tauc Plot method, and the result was 2.826 eV. The dye was applied to make DSSC using the sandwich method, which was then irradiated with white, red, and purple LEDs with respective wavelengths of 400–700 nm (with peaks at 439.67 nm and 550.29 nm), 629.04 nm and 425.38 nm and variations in intensity values, namely 1000 lux, 2000 lux, and 3000 lux. Illumination using purple LEDs produces the maximum current and highest efficiency compared to white and red, namely 1.33 mA, 1.57 mA, and 1.83 mA for 1000 lux, 2000 lux, and 3000 lux, respectively, and the efficiency is 0.0039 for 1000 lux. The purple color has a wavelength close to and intersects with the absorbance wavelength of the dye and has energy (2.918 eV) greater than the gap energy of the sea lettuce dye.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gambas (Luffa acutangula) Peel–Based Bioplastic Reinforced by Silica
Authors: Kesuma Nirvana Jasmine Rahma , Budiyati Eni , Mulyaningtyas Akida
Published: July 2023

Gambas (Luffa acutangula) plants contain a relatively high carbohydrate of 68.2%, whereas its peel contains 38.94% of carbohydrates and 20.6% of fibers. Gambas peels are rarely utilized and are typically discarded as food waste. Silica can be used as a filler and reinforcement material to improve the physical and mechanical properties. This study discussed synthesizing and characterizing bioplastics from Gambas peel reinforced by silica using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a plasticizer with a mass of 8 g and 9 g and vinegar as a compatibilizer with volumes of 7 mL and 8 mL. The gelatinization temperature was adjusted at 85°C and 95°C. The synthesized bioplastics have improved mechanical characteristics due to the addition of PVA. The addition of vinegar as a compatibilizer revealed a homogenous mixture in surface morphological analysis. The highest performance of bioplastic samples was obtained from sample 7 with 8 mL vinegar, 9 g of PVA, and at 85°C of gelatinization temperature. The results showed that the maximum tensile strength reached 0.034 N/mm2, the elongation was 225%, the value of Young’s modulus was 0.015 N/mm2, the thermal stability reached 74.34% weight loss by heating up to 400°C, and the melting temperature reached at 220°C, the absorption of water was 37.61%, and the weight loss was 20.3% after ten days of soil burial.
Zadania administracji publicznej w zakresie polityki społecznej wobec osób starszych – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Biały Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Przedmiotem artykułu jest realizacja zadań z zakresu polityki społecznej przez administrację publiczną. Podjęta została analiza pojęcia osoby starszej w prawie i naukach pozaprawnych, pojęcie i zasady polityki społecznej wobec osób starszych oraz przepisy ustawy o pomocy społecznej oraz ustaw prowadzających szczególny tryb działania z powodu pandemii COVID-19 oraz agresji Federacji Rosyjskiej na Ukrainę. Wyodrębnione i omówione zostały również konkretne formy lokalnej polityki społecznej wobec osób starszych. Publikacja stawia za cel sformułowanie wniosków na temat istniejącego w tym zakresie stanu prawnego.
Skutki wniesienia wkładu niepieniężnego na gruncie podatku VAT
Authors: Owoc Jędrzej
Published: July 2023

Artykuł analizuje opodatkowanie podatkiem VAT czynności wniesienia wkładu niepieniężnego do spółek prawa handlowego oraz spółki cywilnej. W sposób kompleksowy omówione zostają kwestie samej kwalifikacji czynności na gruncie ustawy o podatku od towarów i usług, podstawy opodatkowania oraz uzupełniająco dokumentacja transakcji i odliczenie podatku naliczonego. Przedstawione są w tym kontekście zarówno poglądy organów podatkowych, sądów administracyjnych, Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej, jak i opinie doktryny. Autor rozważa sytuacje wniesienia wkładu przez osoby niebędące podatnikami lub niedziałające w tej roli, konsekwencje dostawy przedsiębiorstwa i jego zorganizowanej części oraz szczegółowo omawia spory dotyczące podstawy opodatkowania wkładów do spółek kapitałowych oraz do spółek osobowych.
Obrońca obwinionego w postępowaniu przed sądem lekarskim
Authors: Sip Dominik
Published: July 2023

Wyrażonego w Konstytucji RP prawa do obrony, w znaczeniu formalnym – tj. do korzystania z pomocy obrońcy, nie wolno zawężać jedynie postępowania karnego sensu stricto. Należy odnieść je również do innych postępowań represyjnych, w tym do postępowania w przedmiocie odpowiedzialności zawodowej lekarzy i lekarzy dentystów. Artykuł podejmuje więc problematykę udziału obrońcy w tym postępowaniu. Wskazuje na problemy praktyczne wynikające z dość skąpej regulacji, których nie zawsze można rozwiązać nawet przez odpowiednie zastosowanie Kodeksu postępowania karnego. W sposób szczególny rozważania poświęcone są możliwości występowania w charakterze obrońcy aplikantów adwokackich i radcowskich, pojęciu lekarza uprawnionego do działania w charakterze obrońcy, tajemnicy obrończej oraz problematyce postępowania kasacyjnego. Zwieńczeniem artykułu są wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy normatywnej oraz postulaty de lege ferenda, które w opinii autora mają rozwiązać istniejące problemy.
Większościowy system wyborczy do Senatu RP – postulat i analiza konsekwencji wprowadzenia wymogu większości bezwzględnej
Authors: Stoś Kacper
Published: July 2023

System wyborczy do Senatu RP był modyfikowany w ostatnich 33 latach już trzykrotnie. Wszystkie dotychczas obowiązujące ordynacje opierały się na założeniu formuły większościowej. Obowiązujący od 2011 roku Kodeks Wyborczy wprowadził jednak element zupełnie nowy – jednomandatowe okręgi wyborcze, które w połączeniu z formułą większości względnej implikują niebezpieczeństwo pomijania głosów części społeczeństwa oraz zagrożenie obejmowania mandatów przez kandydatów niecieszących się poparciem większości wyborców okręgu. Formułowany postulat wprowadzenia zasady bezwzględnej większości głosów z ewentualnością przeprowadzania drugiej tury głosowania wydaje się być rozwiązaniem sprzyjającym reprezentatywności przedstawicielskiego organu kolegialnego oraz akceptowanym w doktrynie. Autor analizuje ostatnie trzy elekcje pod kątem wpływu wymaganej większości na wyniki wyborów. Wnioski płynące z badania stanowią potwierdzenie zasadności formułowanego postulatu oraz wskazują potrzebę całościowej reformy systemu wyborczego do Senatu RP.
Dopuszczalność wskazania spadkobiercy poprzez odwołanie się do okoliczności pozatestamentowych
Authors: Walczak Dawid Jan
Published: July 2023

Artykuł ma na celu analizę zagadnienia dopuszczalności wskazania spadkobiercy poprzez odwołanie się do okoliczności pozatestamentowych. Przepisy Księgi czwartej Kodeksu cywilnego expressis verbis nie dopuszczają takiej możliwości, a zagadnienie to nie spotkało się dotychczas z istotnym zainteresowaniem doktryny. Autor prezentuje regulacje dotyczące ustanowienia spadkobiercy i wykładni testamentu. Zestawione zostały przeciwstawne poglądy w zakresie dopuszczalności takiego rozrządzenia testamentowego, zwłaszcza w kontekście zakresu swobody testowania. Zwieńczeniem artykułu jest wyrażenie przez autora własnego stanowiska na tle przedstawionej argumentacji.
Wysokość opłaty stosunkowej w przypadku „dobrowolnego” spełnienia świadczenia bezpośrednio do rąk komornika sądowego – uwagi na tle wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 28 czerwca 2017 r., P 63/14
Authors: Zieliński Jakub
Published: July 2023

Wyrok Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 28 czerwca 2017 roku, P 63/14, mimo swojej pozornej jednoznaczności stał się przedmiotem wyjątkowo szerokiej dyskusji zarówno wśród praktyków, jak i teoretyków prawa.  Mimo upływu ponad 4 lat od dnia jego wydania, w praktyce sądowo-komorniczej wciąż nie wykształciła się jednolita linia interpretacyjna, a poszczególne sądy i poszczególni komornicy rozbieżnie interpretują przedmiotowe rozstrzygnięcie. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest zbiorcze przedstawienie zapatrywań doktryny prawa egzekucyjnego i zestawienie poglądów piśmiennictwa z realiami praktyki sądowej oraz podjęcie polemiki z dominującą, jak się wydaje, linią interpretacyjną. Autor, w oparciu o bogate orzecznictwo sądów powszechnych oraz sprawozdania sędziów wizytatorów, nie tylko przedstawi w jaki sposób sądy powszechne interpretują rozstrzygnięcie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, ale również podda w wątpliwość prawidłowości takiego działania.
Środki ochrony prawnej w systemie ochrony danych osobowych w sprawach karnych
Authors: Boniec-Błaszczyk Daria
Published: July 2023

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest problematyka środków ochrony prawnej funkcjonujących w systemie ochrony danych osobowych w sprawach karnych. W artykule przedstawiono znaczenie środków ochrony prawnej dla ochrony danych osobowych w sprawach karnych w świetle podstawowych celów dyrektywy. Zasadniczą część artykułu stanowi analiza, której poddano poszczególne środki ochrony prawnej przewidziane przez dyrektywę 206/680: prawo do wniesienia skargi do organu nadzorczego, prawo do skutecznego środka prawnego przed sądem od decyzji organu nadzorczego, prawo do skutecznego środka prawnego przed sądem przeciwko administratorowi lub podmiotowi przetwarzającemu oraz prawo do odszkodowania, poprzez porównanie przewidzianego w dyrektywie wzorca z polską regulacją.