bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bubble plume effects on the flotation kinetics of nonmetallic inclusions based on experimental observations
Authors: Falsetti Luís Otávio Z. , Charruault Florian , Delfos René , Luchini Bruno , van der Plas Dirk , Pandolfelli Victor C.
Published: October 2024

Steelmaking has shown an increasing concern toward nonmetallic inclusions, leading to new technologies in the secondary metallurgy of steel. Although the typical inclusion removal procedure is by injecting inert gas into the ladle, this vessel does not fulfill all the requirements to accept a porous structure tailored to produce “clean steels.” Consequently, the spotlight has moved to the tundish, the last vessel before solidification, in which gas injection can continuously operate. Therefore, this work focuses on understanding the influence of typical gas flow rates (10–60 NL/min) on the kinetics of inclusion flotation, considering two bubble diameters (0.6 and 1.1 mm). For this purpose, experimental measurements were conducted in a water model, where glass hollow spheres played the role of inclusions, and their concentration was fitted by an exponential decay. In general, injecting bubbles into the system contributed positively to a faster and greater flotation of particles. The smaller bubbles led to a higher maximum efficiency, whereas the larger ones allowed a shorter time scale (i.e., a faster removal), defining a trade‐off to tune the bubble size. Regarding the gas flow rate, the results indicate an optimum range to decrease the time scale, and suggestions for bubble curtains in tundishes are drawn.
Effect of long‐chain inulin on the rheological properties, water state, gluten structure, and microstructure of frozen dough
Authors: Peng Huainan , Wang Xin , Chen Keying , Yue Chonghui , Wang Libo , Bai Zhouya , Han Sihai , Zhang Zijing , Guo Jinying , Luo Denglin
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of long‐chain inulin (FXL) on the water state, rheological properties, gluten depolymerisation, and microstructure of frozen dough. The results suggested that FXL improved the water state and rheological properties of the frozen dough. It also significantly enhanced the proportion of bound water, G′, G″ value, and the pasting properties of the frozen dough. FXL effectively increased the content of disulfide bonds, α‐helix, and β‐sheet structures in gluten, thereby enhancing its thermal stability and inhibiting depolymerisation. Microstructure results demonstrated that FXL improved the continuity and uniformity of the gluten‐starch network structure in frozen dough, effectively reducing the mechanical damage caused by ice crystals. The addition of 1 g/100 g FXL better alleviate the deterioration of frozen dough quality during frozen storage and improved its overall quality. These results indicated that FXL can be used as a promising cryoprotectant in frozen dough.
Dutasteride, a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, could be associated with the exacerbation of inflammation in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Inamura So , Fukiage Yusuke , Kobayashi Hisato , Tsutsumiuchi Manami , Seki Masaya , Taga Minekatsu , Fukushima Masato , Kobayashi Motohiro , Yokoyama Osamu , Terada Naoki
Published: October 2024

Background

α‐1 blockers and dutasteride are widely used as agents to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); the impact of these drugs on prostatic inflammation is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the impact of α‐1 blockers and dutasteride treatment of BPH in terms of the degree of prostatic inflammation.

Materials and Methods

Tissue specimens were obtained from 143 BPH patients who were administered α‐1 blockers up until their operation. Thirty‐three of the patients had also been treated with dutasteride before the procedure. The degree of prostatic inflammation was quantified histologically by the ratio of high endothelial venule (HEV)‐like vessels. We divided this retrospective cohort into α‐1 blocker monotherapy and combination therapy (α‐1 blockers + dutasteride) groups and evaluated clinical parameters of the two groups in relation to the degree of chronic prostatic inflammation. At the same time, we assessed factors exacerbating chronic prostatic inflammation.

Results

Comparison of the monotherapy and combination therapy groups showed no significant differences in the parameters of the urodynamic study or degree of chronic prostatic inflammation, whereas the IPSS total score, voiding subscore, nocturia, intermittency, weak stream, and straining were significantly lower in the combination than the monotherapy group. The duration of α‐1 blockers administration was not correlated with the ratio of HEV‐like vessels, while that of dutasteride was strongly correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.595; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the duration of dutasteride administration was a key factor exacerbating the degree of chronic prostatic inflammation.

Conclusions

The present study showed that despite their ameliorating effect on prostatic hyperplasia, dutasteride contributed significantly to chronic prostatic inflammation.
Molecular characterization of a novel thioredoxin‐related transmembrane protein gene AcTMX3 that plays important roles in antioxidant defence in Arma chinensis diapause
Authors: Luo Qiaozhi , Mao Jianjun , Li Yuyan , Wang Mengqing , Zhang Lisheng , Shen Zhongjian
Published: October 2024

Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) possesses disulphide isomerase, oxidoreductase and molecular chaperone activities, and is involved in regulating various physiological processes. However, there are few studies on the function in insect diapause. In this study, we cloned one novel member PDI family (TMX3, thioredoxin‐related transmembrane protein 3) in Arma chinensis. The AcTMX3 encodes 426 amino acids that contains a predicted N‐terminal signal sequence, a thioredoxin‐like domain with the CXXC active site and a potential transmembrane region, which are typical sequence features of TMX3. RT‐qPCR results showed that AcTMX3 was mainly expressed in the head under non‐diapause conditions, while AcTMX3 was highly expressed in the fat body (central metabolic organ) under diapause conditions. Moreover, temporal expression profile showed that compared with non‐diapause conditions, diapause conditions significantly induced AcTMX3 expression, and the expression of AcTMX3 was enhanced at 15°C. Silencing AcTMX3 in A. chinensis significantly inhibited the expression of antioxidant genes (AcTrx2 and AcTrx‐like), increased the content of H2O2 and ascorbate and reduced the survival rate of A. chinensis under diapause conditions. Our results suggested that AcTMX3 played an important role in the resistance of A. chinensis to oxidative stress under diapause conditions.
Gut microbiome‐derived metabolites in Alzheimer's disease: Regulation of immunity and potential for therapeutics
Authors: Chandra Sidhanth , Vassar Robert J.
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and cause of dementia. Despite the prevalence of AD, there is a lack of effective disease modifying therapies. Recent evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) may play a role in AD through its regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Gut microbes regulate physiology through their production of metabolites and byproducts. Microbial metabolites may be beneficial or detrimental to the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory diseases. A better understanding of the role GMB‐derived metabolites play in AD may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for AD. In this review, we summarize the function of bioactive GMB‐derived metabolites and byproducts and their roles in AD models. We also call for more focus on this area in the gut–brain axis field in order to create effective therapies for AD.
Inno4Vac Workshop Report Part 2: RSV‐Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) Strain Selection and Immune Assays for RSV CHIM Studies, November 2021, MHRA, UK
Authors: Waldock Joanna , Cox Rebecca J. , Engelhardt Othmar G. , Ascough Stephanie , Osterhaus Albert , Rimmelzwaan Guus F. , Ludlow Martin , Tregoning John S. , McDonald Jacqueline U. , Buchholz Ursula J. , Jeeninga Rienk E. , Sande Charles. , Chiu Christopher
Published: October 2024

Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are a critical tool for the understanding of infectious disease progression, characterising immune responses to infection and rapid assessment of vaccines or drug treatments. There is increasing interest in using CHIMs for vaccine development and an obvious need for widely available and fit‐for‐purpose challenge agents. Inno4Vac is a large European consortium working towards accelerating and de‐risking the development of new vaccines, including development of CHIMs for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and Clostridium difficile. This report (in two parts) summarises a workshop held at the MHRA in 2021, focused on how to select CHIM candidate strains of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) based on desirable virus characteristics and which immune assays would provide relevant information for assessing pre‐existing and post‐infection immune responses and defining correlates of protection. This manuscript (part 2) summarises presentations and discussions centred around RSV CHIMs and immune assays (an additional manuscript summarises influenza CHIM and immune assays: Inno4Vac workshop report Part 1: Controlled human influenza virus infection model (CHIVIM) strain selection and immune assays for CHIVIM studies, November 2021, MHRA, UK).
Seasonality and Co‐Detection of Respiratory Viral Infections Among Hospitalised Patients Admitted With Acute Respiratory Illness—Valencia Region, Spain, 2010–2021
Authors: Shirreff George , Chaves Sandra S. , Coudeville Laurent , Mengual‐Chuliá Beatriz , Mira‐Iglesias Ainara , Puig‐Barberà Joan , Orrico‐Sanchez Alejandro , Díez‐Domingo Javier ,   Valencia Hospital Surveillance Network for the Study of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (VAHNSI), Opatowski Lulla , Lopez‐Labrador F. Xavier
Published: October 2024

Background

Respiratory viruses are known to represent a high burden in winter, yet the seasonality of many viruses remains poorly understood. Better knowledge of co‐circulation and interaction between viruses is critical to prevention and management. We use > 10‐year active surveillance in the Valencia Region to assess seasonality and co‐circulation.

Methods

Over 2010–2021, samples from patients hospitalised for acute respiratory illness were analysed using multiplex real‐time PCR to test for 9 viruses: influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), rhino/enteroviruses (HRV/ENV), metapneumovirus (MPV), bocavirus, adenovirus, SARS‐CoV‐2 and non‐SARS coronaviruses (HCoV). Winter seasonal patterns of incidence were examined. Instances of co‐detection of multiple viruses in a sample were analysed and compared with expected values under a crude model of independent circulation.

Results

Most viruses exhibited consistent patterns between years. Specifically, RSV and influenza seasons were clearly defined, peaking in December–February, as did HCoV and SARS‐CoV‐2. MPV, PIV and HRV/ENV showed less clear seasonality, with circulation outside the observed period. All viruses circulated in January, suggesting any pair had opportunity for co‐infection. Multiple viruses were found in 4% of patients, with more common co‐detection in children under 5 (9%) than older ages. Influenza co‐detection was generally observed infrequently relative to expectation, while RSV co‐detections were more common, particularly among young children.

Conclusions

We identify characteristic patterns of viruses associated with acute respiratory hospitalisation during winter. Simultaneous circulation permits extensive co‐detection of viruses, particularly in young children. However, virus combinations appear to differ in their rates of co‐detection, meriting further study.
A Strategic Framework of SARS‐CoV‐2 Genomic Surveillance in Bangladesh
Authors: Jubair Mohammad , Hossain Md. Mobarok , Begum Mst. Noorjahan , Moon Shovan Basak , Islam Shahriar , Karim Md. Yeasir , Rahman Sezanur , Khan Manjur H. , Habib Mohammad Tanbir , Shirin Tahmina , Qadri Firdausi , Rahman Mustafizur
Published: October 2024

Background

The global pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 has underlined the significance of strict genomic surveillance to track virus evolution and the possible emergence of new variants, particularly in densely populated countries like Bangladesh. This study outlines a strategic framework of genomic surveillance to track the evolution of the virus in Bangladesh between June 2021 and December 2022 through the National SARS‐CoV‐2 Variant Surveillance (NSVS) program involving collaboration across 4 major institutes and 13 hospitals nationwide.

Methods

We aimed to capture the variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 throughout the country utilizing standardized procedures, modern sequencing technology, and stringent quality control, promoting data accuracy and the timely detection of new variants of concern. We sequenced over 2200 genomes, documenting the prevalence of the Delta variant initially, followed by the emergence of Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and XBB, each affecting transmission rates and vaccine efficacy differently.

Results

The clinical manifestations of the variants differed, with some symptoms occurring more frequently in Delta cases and vice versa. Vaccinated individuals were more affected by Omicron cases compared to Delta cases. These variants were responsible for two major COVID‐19 waves in the country, each with significant clinical effects. Phylogenetic analyses placed the local SARS‐CoV‐2 variants within a global context, indicating the Delta variant likely entered from India and Omicron from Europe.

Conclusion

This research highlights the significance of collaborative surveillance strategies for guiding public health choices and the critical role of genomic analysis in monitoring virus evolution, shaping targeted pandemic responses. Bangladesh's contributions significantly enhance global insight into COVID‐19's genomic evolution.
International Nurse Migration Experience of the First Two Years: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Pressley Charlene , Newton Dillon , Sanderson Linda , Simkhada Bibha , Stephenson John , Duodu Precious Adade , Gillibrand Warren , Pallam Manju , Garside Joanne
Published: October 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore experiences of internationally educated nurses' first 2 years working and living in England in an age of contemporary migration.

Design

Exploratory mixed method design.

Methods

An online survey collected responses from August 2022 to October 2022. A mixed‐methods approach was applied to gain a breadth of understanding through quantitative outcomes integrated with depth of qualitative analysis.

Results

Data findings from 773 international nurses identified the recognition of prior professional skills and experiences, induction processes, career development systems and the role of line managers are integral to professional integration and could be improved. Communication barriers were frequently transient and time limited, and participants often had incomplete insight of human resource policies. Personal factors affecting life outside of work revealed compromise and sacrifice with accommodation choices, and participants were often not satisfied with their economic status, housing, cost of living in England, and social support. Mental well‐being scores varied by country of origin and participants happier with decision to migrate to England had significantly higher mental well‐being scores.

Conclusion

International nurses have divergent professional and personal motivations for migration unique to individual circumstances. Recognition for transferable skills and experience, receipt of a comprehensive and warm welcome from organisations, safe and well‐maintained suitable accommodation and living conveniently located to shops, work and transportation, improve experience. International nurses must have sufficient financial gains from salaries and opportunity to unite with children and families.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Progressing migration experience of international nurses can improve retention and augment improving patient care and outcomes.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or members of public contributed to this research.
The Association between Emotional Responses to Climate Change, Antenatal Anxiety and Maternal–Fetal Attachment in Primigravida Women
Authors: Amin Shaimaa Mohamed , El‐Monshed Ahmed Hashem , Khedr Mahmoud Abdelwahab , Awad Amal Gamal Elsayed , Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan
Published: October 2024

Aim

To investigate the association between emotional responses to climate change, antenatal anxiety, and maternal–fetal attachment in primigravida women.

Design

A multi‐site cross‐sectional research design study.

Methods

This study was conducted at four primary health care (PHC) facilities in Damanhur district, El‐Behera, from February 2024 to April 2024. Two hundred eighty‐five women completed a comprehensive questionnaire that included a Woman's Social and Reproductive Form, The inventory of climate emotions (ICE) scale, The Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale (SAAS) and the Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS‐HU‐20).

Results

The study revealed that emotional responses to climate change show strong positive correlations with each other, ranging from 0.689 to 0.840, all significant at p < 0.001 level. Additionally, antenatal anxiety demonstrates substantial positive correlations with emotional responses to climate change, albeit with associations ranging from 0.239 to 0.287, all significant at p < 0.001 level. Moreover, maternal–fetal attachment displays substantial negative correlations with emotional responses to climate change, indicating that as emotional responses to climate change increase, maternal–fetal attachment tends to decrease. The correlations range from −0.263 to −0.426, all significant at p < 0.001.

Conclusions

The emotional impact of climate change can adversely affect the bonding process between mother and fetus.

Implications for the Profession

Healthcare professionals, including obstetricians, midwives, and mental health counsellors, should integrate climate‐related emotional distress into their assessments and interventions. Providing targeted psychological support for expectant mothers.

Impact

The study's findings highlight the need for nursing to integrate climate‐related emotional distress screening into prenatal care and for research to explore long‐term effects and intervention effectiveness. In practice, healthcare providers should adopt holistic approaches that combine environmental and psychological support, developing comprehensive guidelines and community‐based programs to support pregnant women.

Reporting Method

The research adhered to that is STROBE.

Patient or Public Contribution

Public contributions by women in community health centers.
Identifying Trends in the Most Cited Nursing Articles: Research Topics, Author Gender Representation and Characteristics Correlated With Citation Counts
Authors: Holmberg Christopher
Published: October 2024

Aim

To assess the top 1000 cited nursing articles in terms of their impact, conceptual and social characteristics.

Design

Bibliometric literature review design.

Methods

A bibliometric analysis on the 1000 most cited nursing articles in English, focusing on assessing their impact and prevalent terms, keywords, co‐occurrence networks and topic trends. Non‐parametric statistical tests were used.

Data Sources

Web of Science Core Collection (accessed 14 February 2024).

Results

The 1000 most cited articles were exported from 201,310 eligible articles.

The most cited articles received a total of 319,643 citations. The Journal of Advanced Nursing and the International Journal of Nursing Studies were the most cited journals. Literature reviews accounted for 21% of the most cited articles, compared to only 7% of all eligible articles. Most first authors were female, 63%. The data showed an increase in female first authorship among the most cited articles over time. This may reflect a shift towards greater gender equity in nursing research. Shorter article titles and fewer article pages were associated with more citations.

Conclusion

Methodological and conceptual articles received the most citations, likely due to their broad applicability (e.g., across disciplines) and enduring relevance. There was a statistically significant correlation between article brevity and citation count, but the relationship should be viewed with caution given the small effect size.

Implications for the Profession

Bibliometrics is important for evidence‐based practice because it helps nurses evaluate journals, articles and research topics. Since citation counts do not always indicate research quality, nurses and nursing students would benefit from training in bibliometrics to enhance their critical thinking in this area.

Impact

Top‐cited nursing articles indicate influential research topics and methods. They also influence authors' academic career opportunities, allowing assessment of research equity in terms of dominant countries and author gender representation.

Reporting Method

The Preferred Reporting Items for Bibliometric Analysis (PRIBA) guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Understanding Family Resilience in Young‐Onset Dementia: A Multiple Case Study
Authors: Yang Yoosun , Song Jun‐Ah
Published: October 2024

Aim

Through the lens of family resilience, exploring the experiences of families in adapting to young‐onset dementia.

Design

Qualitative multiple case study.

Methods

This study examined the family as a single unit of analysis, focusing on a triad including a person with young‐onset dementia, their spouse and their adult child. Three family triads were included. Data collection took place between April 20 and July 4, 2023, in South Korea. Data analysis involved a two‐stage process, consisting of a directed content analysis based on the family resilience framework within cases, followed by a cross‐case analysis to identify themes and unique patterns across cases.

Results

The study identified six key themes: (1) Stressors due to a young‐onset dementia diagnosis, (2) perception of the young‐onset dementia diagnosis, (3) degree of emotional connection, (4) coping approach to young‐onset dementia, (5) availability and utilisation of external resources and (6) patterns of adaptation. Furthermore, our research uncovered the interplay between themes, and how adaptations patterns of families formed either resilient or non‐resilient.

Conclusion

Our triadic approach uncovered hidden family dynamics, emphasising family‐centred care. This study provides insights into unique challenges and diverse adaptation processes, suggesting tailored interventions.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

This study emphasises the importance of family‐centred care in young‐onset dementia, recognising all family members as crucial clients. Also, we suggest that healthcare professionals should develop tailored treatment plans that reflect the unique needs of each family.

Impact

This study presents the unique experiences of young‐onset dementia families, laying the foundation for developing effective support strategies that reflect these insights. Additionally, we emphasise the utilisation of external resources and their existence, providing a comprehensive research direction.

Reporting Method

Our research follows the EQUATOR guidelines, specifically adhering to the COREQ guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
The roles of G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 in renal diseases
Authors: Du Jiayin , Wu Xiaoyan , Ni Lihua
Published: October 2024

G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2) is an integrative node in many signalling network cascades. An emerging study indicates that GRK2 can interact with GPCRs and non‐GPCR substrates in both kinase‐dependent and ‐independent modes. Alterations in the functional levels of GRK2 have been found in a variety of renal diseases, such as hypertension‐related kidney injury, sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (S‐AKI), cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), acute kidney injury (AKI), age‐related kidney injury or hyperglycemia‐related kidney injury. Abnormal GRK2 expression contribute to the development of renal diseases, making them promising molecular targets for treating renal diseases. Blocking the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)‐EP1‐Gaq‐Ca2+ signal pathway in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) by internalizing prostaglandin E2 receptor 1 (EP1) with GRK2 may be a potential treatment for diabetic nephropathy (DN). In addition, GRK2 inhibition may have therapeutic effects in a variety of renal diseases, such as SLE‐related kidney injury, DN, age‐related kidney injury, hypertension‐related kidney injury, and CRS. However, there is still a long way to go for the large‐scale application of GRK2 inhibition in the field of renal diseases. In this review, we discuss recent updates in understanding the role of GRK2 in kidney dysfunction. Furthermore, we explore the potential of GRK2 as a possible therapeutic target for renal pathologies. We believe it will shed light on the future development of small‐molecule inhibitors of GRK, as well as the clinical applications in renal diseases.
Evolution of the Guided Direct Composite Resin Technique in Restorative Dentistry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tolotti Taina , Sesma Newton , Mukai Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Objective

This systematic review aims to understand the limitations and benefits of the guided direct restorative technique, to optimize the final outcomes, considering the evolution from analog to digital, including planning, the diversification of guides, and the different resins employed.

Methodology

A search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane, and through manual searches, initiated in May 2023 and updated in April 2024. The following search strategy was used: ((injectable composite resin) OR (direct pressed composite)) OR (3D‐guided), utilizing the PICO framework.

Results

Initially, 739 articles were retrieved. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 studies were considered suitable for data extraction, including 12 in vitro studies and 21 case reports or technique descriptions. The articles focused on comparisons of techniques, flowable, heated, and conventional resins, as well as various technique reports with variations in guides, materials, and planning, potentially aiding clinicians in more effective and safer execution of this restorative technique.

Conclusion

The utilization of digital workflows presents greater solutions to the challenges of the guided direct restorative technique. Understanding the properties of the resins used is crucial for the results and should be chosen according to the patient's needs.

Clinical Significance

A guided direct restorative procedure can deliver previously planned dental treatment based on individualized planning. This method ensures greater reproducibility in aesthetics and occlusion, resulting in superior quality work for the patient.
Tariffs and Foreign Direct Investment in a Dynamic North–South Model
Authors: IWAISAKO TATSURO , TANAKA HITOSHI
Published: October 2024

This paper examines how import tariffs by a developed country (the North) and a developing country (the South) affect innovation and foreign direct investment (FDI) using a quality ladder model. We show that a Northern import tariff raises the relative wage of Northern labor, but impedes innovation and FDI. This may worsen Northern welfare. By contrast, a Southern import tariff raises the relative wage of Southern labor and promotes innovation and FDI. This can improve Southern welfare. These imply that the South has a stronger incentive than the North to impose an import tariff, which is consistent with actual observation.
Lack of association between the length of anogenital distance and vaginal pH in women with endometriosis
Authors: Khan Khaleque N. , Fujishita Akira , Hiraki Koichi , Ogawa Kanae , Horiguchi Go , Teramukai Satoshi , Fujieda Mikiya , Mori Taisuke
Published: October 2024

Aim

We investigated the association between the length of anogenital distance (AGD) and intra‐vaginal pH, an indicator of vaginal eubiosis or dysbiosis, in women with endometriosis.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed including patients with (n = 67) and without (n = 40) endometriosis undergoing surgery between July 2021 and June 2022. AGD was measured from the posterior fourchette to the center of the anus using digital caliper and vaginal pH was measured by inserting pH paper strip mostly into the posterior fornix.

Results

There was no significant difference in the median AGD among control women (n = 40) (21.5 mm), women with revised‐American Society of Reproductive Medicine stage I–II endometriosis (n = 27) (22.0 mm) and stage III–IV endometriosis (n = 40) (20.0 mm). In contrast, a significant difference of vaginal pH was observed among groups (p = 0.012) and between groups: control versus stage I–II, p = 0.004; stage I–II, versus stage III–IV, p = 0.037. After adjusting different confounding variables, the univariate analysis showed that women with endometriosis are less likely to have an alkaline vaginal pH (≥4.5) (OR [95% CI] = 0.40 [0.17, 0.93], p = 0.034). Multivariate analysis revealed that AGD or any of the other variables did not serve as an independent risk factor to predict the presence of endometriosis.

Conclusions

This study with Japanese women suggests a lack of association between length of AGD, either shorter or longer, and the status of vaginal pH or the presence of endometriosis in pelvis.
The effect of concurrent clopidogrel and omeprazole administration on clopidogrel metabolism and platelet function in healthy cats
Authors: Plante Christina , Lee Pamela M. , Haines Jillian M. , Nelson O. Lynne , Martinez Stephanie E. , Court Michael H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Some studies in humans show that the concurrent use of clopidogrel and omeprazole decreases plasma clopidogrel active metabolite (CAM) concentrations and clopidogrel antiplatelet effects. Whether this drug interaction occurs in cats is unknown.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that administration of clopidogrel with omeprazole would decrease plasma CAM concentrations and decrease clopidogrel antiplatelet effects in healthy cats.

Animals

Ten domestic cats.

Methods

In this 2‐sequence, 2‐period, 2‐treatment randomized crossover study, healthy cats were randomly assigned to receive clopidogrel only (18.75 mg PO q24h) or clopidogrel with omeprazole (1 mg/kg PO q12h) for 10 days, followed by a 2‐week washout period, and then the opposite treatment for another 10 days. Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture on days 0, 5, and 10. Plasma CAM concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Platelet function was evaluated using Plateletworks, Multiplate Analyzer, and Platelet Function Analyzer‐100 (PFA‐100).

Results

Multiplate Analyzer and PFA‐100 detected no difference in platelet function between days or treatment groups. Plateletworks detected a significant difference (P < .001) in platelet function from day 0 to 5 and day 0 to 10 in both treatment groups but no difference between treatment groups. Plasma CAM concentrations were significantly lower on day 10 (P < .02) in cats receiving both medications versus clopidogrel only.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Concurrent omeprazole and clopidogrel administration was associated with altered pharmacokinetics on day 10, but no difference in pharmacodynamics between the 2 treatment groups. The short‐term use of clopidogrel and omeprazole does not seem to alter platelet function significantly.
Repeated shifts out of tropical climates preceded by whole genome duplication
Authors: Carruthers Tom , Gonçalves Deise J. P. , Li Pan , Chanderbali Andre S. , Dick Christopher W. , Fritsch Peter W. , Larson Drew A. , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Weaver William N. , Smith Stephen A.
Published: October 2024

While flowering plants have diversified in virtually every terrestrial clime, climate constrains the distribution of individual lineages. Overcoming climatic constraints may be associated with diverse evolutionary phenomena including whole genome duplication (WGD), gene‐tree conflict, and life‐history changes. Climatic shifts may also have facilitated increases in flowering plant diversification rates. We investigate climatic shifts in the flowering plant order Ericales, which consists of c. 14 000 species with diverse climatic tolerances.

We estimate phylogenetic trees from transcriptomic data, 64 chloroplast loci, and Angiosperms353 nuclear loci that, respectively, incorporate 147, 4508, and 2870 Ericales species. We use these phylogenetic trees to analyse how climatic shifts are associated with WGD, gene‐tree conflict, life‐history, and diversification rates.

Early branches in the phylogenetic trees are extremely short, and have high levels of gene‐tree conflict and at least one WGD. On lineages descended from these early branches, there is a significant association between climatic shifts (primarily out of tropical climates), further WGDs, and life‐history.

Extremely short early branches, and their associated gene‐tree conflict and WGDs, appear to underpin the explosive origin of numerous species rich Ericales clades. The evolution of diverse climatic tolerances in these species rich clades is tightly associated with WGD and life‐history.
Symbolic Bureaucratic Representation and Client Cooperation: Experimental Insights From Four Daily Public Service Scenarios in China
Authors: Zhang Youlang , Wang Huan
Published: October 2024

Representative bureaucracy studies have explored the potential impact of symbolic representation on clients' attitudes and behaviors, even in the absence of direct action by bureaucrats. Through four original conjoint experiments conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1600 participants in China, we analyze the symbolic representation effects of five most commonly observable identity signals, including gender, age, accent, party affiliation, and human voice (versus AI chatbot), across two types of bureaucrat‐initiated contacts and two types of client‐initiated contacts. Our findings contribute to the existing literature by demonstrating that identity congruence has heterogeneous symbolic representation effects; clients' expectations about active representation serve as a significant mediating factor influencing their willingness to cooperate with bureaucrats.
Improving Clinical Preparedness: Community Health Nurses and Early Hypoglycemia Prediction in Type 2 Diabetes Using Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Gaikwad Sachin Ramnath , Bontha Mallikarjun Reddy , Devi Seeta , Dumbre Dipali
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The aim of the study was to analyze the data of diabetic patients regarding warning signs of hypoglycemia to predict it at an early stage using various novel machine learning (ML) algorithms. Individual interviews with diabetic patients were conducted over 6 months to acquire information regarding their experience with hypoglycemic episodes.

Design

This information included warning signs of hypoglycemia, such as incoherent speech, exhaustion, weakness, and other clinically relevant cases of low blood sugar. Researchers used supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid techniques. In supervised techniques, researchers applied regression, while in hybrid classification ML techniques were used. In a 5‐fold cross‐validation approach, the prediction performance of seven models was examined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). We analyzed the data of 290 diabetic patients with low blood sugar episodes.

Results

Our investigation discovered that gradient boosting and neural networks performed better in regression, with accuracies of 0.416 and 0.417, respectively. In classification models, gradient boosting, AdaBoost, and random forest performed better overall, with AUC scores of 0.821, 0.814, and 0.821, individually. Precision values were 0.779, 0.775, and 0.776 for gradient boosting, AdaBoost, and random forest, respectively.

Conclusion

AdaBoost and Gradient Boosting models, in particular, outperformed all others in predicting the probability of clinically severe hypoglycemia. These techniques enable community health nurses to predict hypoglycemia at an early stage and provide the necessary therapies to patients to prevent complications resulting from hypoglycemia.
A bHLH transcription factor AaMYC2‐type positively regulates glandular trichome density and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua
Authors: Khan Rameez Ahmad , Kumar Amit , Abbas Nazia
Published: October 2024

Artemisinin‐based combinational therapies (ACTs) constitute the first line of malaria treatment. However, due to its trichome‐specific biosynthesis, low concentration, and poor understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in artemisinin biosynthesis and trichome development, it becomes very difficult to meet the increased demand for ACTs. Here, we have reported that a bHLH transcription factor, AaMYC2‐type, plays an important role in regulating GST development and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. AaMYC2‐type encodes a protein that is transcriptionally active and localised to the nucleus. It is prominently expressed in aerial parts like leaves, stems, inflorescence and least expressed in roots. AaMYC2‐type expression is significantly increased under different hormonal treatments. In transgenic overexpression lines, AaMYC2‐type OE, a significant increase in the expression of trichome development and artemisinin biosynthesis genes was observed. While in knockdown lines, Aamyc2‐type, expression of trichome development and artemisinin biosynthesis genes were significantly reduced. Yeast one‐hybrid assay clearly shows that the AaMYC2‐type directly binds to the E‐boxes in the promoter regions of ADS and CYP71AVI. The SEM microscopy depicted the number of trichomes elevated from 11 mm−2 in AaMYC2‐type OE lines to 6.1 mm−2 in Aamyc2‐type. The final effect of the alteration in biosynthetic and trichome developmental genes was observed in the accumulation of artemisinin. In the AaMYC2‐type OE, the artemisinin content was 12 mg g−1DW, which was reduced to 3.2 mg g−1DW in the Aamyc2‐type. Altogether, the above findings suggest that the AaMYC2‐type play a dual regulating role in controlling both trichome developmental and artemisinin biosynthetic genes.
Oceanographic‐informed coral out‐planting density for coral reef restoration activities
Authors: Gibbs Mark T.
Published: October 2024

Out‐planting corals onto coral reefs as a mechanism to increase coral cover on degraded reef systems is an increasing global activity. Current practices typically focus on asexual out‐planting of coral fragments (coral gardening). Newer sexual reproductive approaches are being developed to out‐plant younger corals produced in aquaculture facilities or sea‐based rearing pools to enable assisted evolution or assisted gene flow conservation genetics approaches. Designing out‐planting deployment operations requires decisions to be made on planting density and location in order to maximize future recruitment on both the out‐planted reefs, and on nearby reefs that are connected through oceanographic transport processes. The thinking presented here seeks to unpack how out‐planting density may be influenced, especially by local oceanographic conditions, in order to guide practitioners undertaking restoration projects.
Latest Triassic Active Aeolian Dune Field Preserved by CAMP‐Related Lava Flows
Authors: Michel Rossano D. L. , Scherer Claiton M. S. , dos Reis Adriano D. , Kifumbi Carrel , Cechetti Ronaldo P. , Jones Fábio H.
Published: October 2024

Fieldwork investigations and stratigraphic analyses in the Parnaíba Basin, northern Brazil, reveal the interaction of the uppermost part of the Triassic Sambaíba aeolian dune field (erg) system with the latest Triassic–earliest Jurassic Mosquito lava flows. The lava flows originated as part of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP, ~201 Ma) and covered the aeolian system, allowing almost complete preservation of large‐scale in situ aeolian bedforms, even preserving lee‐ and stoss‐side. During the emplacement, the lava flows interacted with unconsolidated aeolian sediment, generating sediment–lava deformation features that are preserved at the interface between these units. This occurrence attests to arid conditions in the low latitudes of Gondwana at the Triassic–Jurassic transition.
Understanding the Increases in Physical Activity Publications From 1985 to 2022: A Global Perspective
Authors: Bauman Adrian , Lee Karen C. , Pratt Michael
Published: October 2024

Background: A marked increase in physical activity (PA) publications has occurred since 1985. Increased publications reflect a globalization of publications and increase the difficulty of reviewing evidence and identifying effective PA strategies. Methods: Review of Scopus database publications with the title or keyword “physical activity” between 1985 and 2022, examining 193,335 PA publications. The choice of search strategy was standardized across the period and maximized relevant PA papers (high sensitivity). Results: The results showed 3 clear periods for increases in PA publications; an initial increase in period 1 between 1985 and 2000, a 9-fold increase in period 2 between 2001 and 2016 (from 645/y to 5876/y), and a further increase to 15,812 publications per year in period 3 between 2017 and 2022. The primary driver of this increase was the transition from publications in traditional subscription-model journals to open-access business model journals, which comprised 80% of PA publications by period 3. Although this trend was global, some countries showed greater increases through open-access publication. Discussion: These data identify a relatively unrecognized and urgent threat to the field: An exponential increase in PA publications may influence the quality of published work and increases the difficulty of finding and applying important research findings. The shift in publication patterns is contributed to by higher acceptance rates and rapid time to publication offered in open-access journals. This represents a “commercial determinant” of publications in the PA field, influencing the type and volume of publications without consideration of their contribution to evidence or impact.
Longitudinal Associations Between Anxiety in Physical Education and Fitness Among Finnish Adolescents
Authors: Costigan Sarah , Gråstén Arto , Huhtiniemi Mikko , Kolunsarka Iiris , Lubans David R. , Jaakkola Timo
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aims to examine associations between changes in physical education, anxiety, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and muscular fitness (MF) in adolescents. Methods: Participants were Finnish students (baseline: n = 1,147; 11.27 [0.32] years). Data were collected over 4 years (2017–2021). CRF was assessed with the 20 m shuttle run, MF using curl-up/push-up tests, and anxiety with the Physical Education State Anxiety Scale. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model, including repeated measures (within-level) and latent levels (between-level) of anxiety in PE, CRF, and MF, was used. The covariates considered were sex, body mass index, and peak height velocity. Results: CRF and anxiety increased, while MF remained stable over time. Lower fitness was associated with greater anxiety (and vice versa). Sex (female), greater body mass index, and undergoing peak height velocity were associated with greater anxiety. Conclusions: Negative experiences in PE are associated with decreased CRF and MF. Effective teaching practices are needed to optimize adolescents’ experiences in PE.
Multiomic and clinical analysis of multiply recurrent meningiomas reveals risk factors, underlying biology, and insights into evolution
Authors: Pugazenthi Sangami , Patel Bhuvic , English Collin W. , Leidig William A. , McGeehan Kyle P. , McCornack Colin R. , Mok Shinghei , Anzaldua-Campos Markus , Nouri Shervin Hosseingholi , Roberts Kaleigh , Chatrath Ajay , Khan A. , Gadot Ron , Yano Hiroko , Klisch Tiemo J. , Harmanci Akdes S. , Patel Akash J. , Kim Albert H.
Published: October 2024

An important subset of meningiomas behaves aggressively and is characterized by multiple recurrences. We identify clinical, genetic, and epigenetic predictors of multiply recurrent meningiomas (MRMs) and evaluate the evolution of these meningiomas in patient-matched samples. On multivariable binomial logistic regression, MRMs were significantly associated with male sex (
P
= 0.012), subtotal resection (
P
= 0.001), higher number of meningiomas on presentation (
P
= 0.017), and histopathological sheeting (
P
= 0.002). Multiomic analysis of primary meningiomas revealed that MRMs have greater copy number losses (
P
= 0.0313) and increased DNA methylation (
P
= 0.0155). In meningioma cells with knockdown of

EDNRB

, a locus with greater promoter methylation and decreased gene expression in MRMs had increased proliferation (
P
< 0.0001). MRM recurrences were found to be similar to primaries but have a greater burden of copy number gains (
P
< 0.0001) and increased methylation (
P
= 0.0045). This clinical and multiomic investigation of MRMs harbors implications for the future development of biomarkers and therapeutic agents for these challenging tumors.
Isolation and tracing of matrix-producing notochordal and chondrocyte cells using ACAN-2A-mScarlet reporter human iPSC lines
Authors: Tong Xiaole , Poramba-Liyanage Deepani W. , van Hoolwerff Marcella , Riemers Frank M. , Montilla-Rojo Joaquin , Warin Julie , Salvatori Daniela , Camus Anne , Meulenbelt Ingrid , Ramos Yolande F. M. , Geijsen Niels , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Shang Peng
Published: October 2024

The development of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–based regenerative therapies is challenged by the lack of specific cell markers to isolate differentiated cell types and improve differentiation protocols. This issue is particularly critical for notochordal-like cells and chondrocytes, which are crucial in treating back pain and osteoarthritis, respectively. Both cell types produce abundant proteoglycan aggrecan (ACAN), crucial for the extracellular matrix. We generated two human iPSC lines containing an ACAN-2A-mScarlet reporter. The reporter cell lines were validated using CRISPR-mediated transactivation and functionally validated during notochord and cartilage differentiation. The ability to isolate differentiated cell populations producing ACAN enables their enrichment even in the absence of specific cell markers and allows for comprehensive studies and protocol refinement. ACAN’s prevalence in various tissues (e.g., cardiac and cerebral) underscores the reporter’s versatility as a valuable tool for tracking matrix protein production in diverse cell types, benefiting developmental biology, matrix pathophysiology, and regenerative medicine.