bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence survivors' reported experiences of discrimination in mental health treatment settings
Authors: López‐Aybar Laura , Gonzales Lauren , Dhillon Ashley
Published: July 2024

Research indicates that survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) face substantial stigma and discrimination, with varying impacts based on demographic factors such as race and income. This study explored perceived discrimination among 88 IPV survivors across different racial backgrounds and income levels in mental health settings. Participants completed a mixed‐method electronic survey assessing discrimination experiences related to survivor status, income, and race within mental health treatment. Results revealed high levels of perceived discrimination based on survivor status among both racially minoritized and majoritized survivors. However, racially minoritized survivors reported greater racial discrimination and associated stress within mental healthcare settings. Regardless of income level, all survivors reported significant discrimination experiences. Qualitative analysis highlighted factors perceived as helpful or unhelpful within mental health settings. This study underscores the need for further research on socioeconomic influences on stigma experiences among IPV survivors and suggests implications for provider training to better support survivors, especially those from diverse racial backgrounds.
Effects of an elimination diet and a healthy diet in children with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: 1‐Year prospective follow‐up of a two‐arm randomized, controlled study (TRACE study)
Authors: Huberts‐Bosch Annick , Bierens Margreet , Rucklidge Julia J. , Ly Verena , Donders Rogier , van de Loo‐Neus Gigi H. H. , Arias‐Vasquez Alejandro , Klip Helen , Buitelaar Jan K. , van den Berg Saskia W. , Rommelse Nanda N.
Published: July 2024

Background

An Elimination Diet (ED) or Healthy Diet (HD) may be effective in reducing symptoms of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but long‐term maintenance effects and feasibility have never been examined.

Methods

One‐year prospective follow‐up of a sample of 165 children (5–12 years) with ADHD randomized (unblinded; 1:1) to 5 weeks treatment with either ED (N = 84) or HD (N = 81) and a non‐randomized comparator arm including 58 children being treated with Care as Usual (CAU). Dietary participants were allowed to add or switch to CAU treatment after 5 weeks. The primary outcome was a 5‐point ordinal measure of improvement based on both parent and teacher ratings on ADHD and dysregulation problems, determined after 1 year prospective follow‐up. Ordinal regression analyses and linear mixed models analyses were conducted on an intention to treat basis. In addition, as‐treated analyses were performed. The trial is closed and registered in the Dutch trial registry, number NL5324.

Results

At 1 year follow‐up, 24% of the participants still complied with the ED and 37% still complied with the HD. In the ED (+CAU) trajectory, fewer participants showed (partial) improvement after 1‐year prospective follow‐up compared to the HD (+CAU) trajectory (47% vs. 64%, χ2 (4, N = 152) = 11.97, p = 0.018). The HD (+CAU) ‐ but not ED (+CAU) ‐ trajectory had comparable 1‐year outcomes compared to the non‐randomized CAU‐trajectory. Results for secondary outcomes (e.g. health, parental stress) did not differ between the ED (+CAU) and HD (+CAU) trajectories. The prevalence of psychostimulant use was lower in the ED (+CAU) and HD (+CAU) trajectories compared to the non‐randomized CAU‐trajectory (38%, 45%, 78%, respectively). Predictors for long‐term benefit from dietary treatments included high initial severity of ADHD problems, low severity of emotional problems and sufficient parental mental resources.

Conclusions

In line with the short‐term effects, prospective 1‐year follow‐up outcomes are in favor of treatment with HD and not ED. Initial 5‐week treatment with HD and if needed/preferred followed by CAU may reduce psychostimulant use without negatively impacting 1‐year outcomes.
Orthopaedic surgeons display a positive outlook towards artificial intelligence: A survey among members of the AGA Society for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery
Authors: Rupp Marco‐Christopher , Moser Lukas B. , Hess Silvan , Angele Peter , Aurich Matthias , Dyrna Felix , Nehrer Stefan , Neubauer Markus , Pawelczyk Johannes , Izadpanah Kaywan , Zellner Johannes , Niemeyer Philipp ,   AGA‐Komitee Innovation und Translation
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perspective of orthopaedic surgeons on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and to evaluate the influence of experience, workplace setting and familiarity with digital solutions on views on AI.

Methods

Orthopaedic surgeons of the AGA Society for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery were invited to participate in an online, cross‐sectional survey designed to gather information on professional background, subjective AI knowledge, opinion on the future impact of AI, openness towards different applications of AI, and perceived advantages and disadvantages of AI. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the influence of experience, workplace setting and openness towards digital solutions on perspectives towards AI.

Results

Overall, 360 orthopaedic surgeons participated. The majority indicated average (43.6%) or rudimentary (38.1%) AI knowledge. Most (54.5%) expected AI to substantially influence orthopaedics within 5–10 years, predominantly as a complementary tool (91.1%). Preoperative planning (83.8%) was identified as the most likely clinical use case. A lack of consensus was observed regarding acceptable error levels. Time savings in preoperative planning (62.5%) and improved documentation (81%) were identified as notable advantages while declining skills of the next generation (64.5%) were rated as the most substantial drawback. There were significant differences in subjective AI knowledge depending on participants' experience (p = 0.021) and familiarity with digital solutions (p < 0.001), acceptable error levels depending on workplace setting (p = 0.004), and prediction of AI impact depending on familiarity with digital solutions (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The majority of orthopaedic surgeons in this survey anticipated a notable positive impact of AI on their field, primarily as an assistive technology. A lack of consensus on acceptable error levels of AI and concerns about declining skills among future surgeons were observed.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, cross‐sectional study.
The myocutaneous gastrocnemius flap for periprosthetic joint infection of the knee
Authors: Müller Seraina L. C. , Kuehl Richard , Schaefer Dirk J. , Morgenstern Mario , Clauss Martin , Osinga Rik
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) presents significant challenges, especially in elderly and comorbid patients, often necessitating revision surgeries. We report on a series of patients with confirmed PJI of the knee and concomitant soft‐tissue/extensor apparatus defects, treated by using pedicled myocutaneous medial or lateral sural artery perforator (MSAP/LSAP) gastrocnemius flaps.

Methods

Our retrospective study at the Center for Musculoskeletal Infections, included patients with knee PJI undergoing pedicled myocutaneous MSAP/LSAP gastrocnemius flap reconstruction for combined soft tissue and extensor apparatus defects. The tendinous back of the gastrocnemius muscle was used and, if required, the Achilles tendon for extensor apparatus reconstruction, with the skin island addressing the cutaneous defect. Perioperative complications and postoperative outcomes after 1 year were evaluated, including functional and clinical assessments with the American Knee Society Score (AKSS).

Results

Eight patients (mean age 73 years; five female) were included, predominantly with Staphylococcus aureus infections. Six patients involved isolated MSAP flaps, two were extended with the Achilles tendon. The median time for wound healing was 9 days. Short‐term follow‐up showed successful reconstruction in seven patients, with minor wound dehiscence in one patient. One patient required flap revision for a perigenicular haemato‐seroma and two patients were diagnosed with new haematogenous PJI infection. Significant improvement in AKSS scores after surgery was observed (functional AKSS: median 33–85; clinical AKSS: median 64–91, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Pedicled myocutaneous MSAP/LSAP gastrocnemius flaps offer a safe, reliable and versatile option for reconstructing combined soft tissue and extensor apparatus defects in PJI after TKA. This approach yields excellent functional outcomes with minimal peri‐ and postoperative complications, which is particularly beneficial in elderly and comorbid patients and feasible in settings without microsurgical availability.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
Toxocara canis: Prospective activity of Quercetin and venom of Cassiopea andromeda (Cnidaria: Cassiopeidae) against third‐stage larvae in vitro
Authors: Elmahy Rasha A. , Moustafa Alaa Y. , Radwan Nahla A.
Published: July 2024

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic infection with worldwide distribution and high impact on human health. It has a limited clinical resolution with the available drugs, making it challenging to treat. Quercetin, which possesses biological and pharmacological qualities including antiparasitic, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, is a possible substitute for the current medications. Marine invertebrates can produce a vast array of different molecules, many of which are biologically active substances with distinct characteristics. In this study, we assessed the in vitro nematocidal effect of both quercetin and venom of Cassiopea andromeda (jellyfish) against third larvae of Toxocara canis. In microplates with Roswell Park Memorial Institute‐1640 medium, larvae were incubated with ethanolic extract of quercetin (0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM/mL) and water extract of C. andromeda venom (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 60 µg/mL) to evaluate their larvicidal effect. A scanning electron microscopy has investigated the possible effect of lethal concentration (LC90) of both extracts on the body wall of cultivated larvae, in comparison with those cultivated in albendazole. Our study revealed the effects of both quercetin and C. andromeda venom exposure on the mortality rate and the ultrastructure of T. canis third larva in comparison with control and albendazole‐treated groups.
Serological immune biomarker for disease severity in dengue‐infected pediatric hospitalized patients
Authors: Pathak Bharti , Chakarvarty Aparna , Rani Nakka Veena , Krishnan Anuja
Published: July 2024

Clinical manifestation of dengue disease ranges from asymptomatic, febrile fever without warning sign (DOS) to serious outcome dengue with warning sign (DWS) and severe disease (SD) leading to shock syndrome and death. The role of antibody response in natural dengue infection is complex and not completely understood. Here, we aimed to assess serological marker for disease severity. Antibody response of dengue‐confirmed pediatric patients with acute secondary infection were evaluated against infecting virus, immature virus, and recombinant envelop protein. Immature virus antibody titers were significantly higher in DWS as compared to DOS (p = 0.0006). However, antibody titers against recombinant envelop protein were higher in DOS as compared to DWS, and antibody avidity was significantly higher against infecting virus in DOS. Serum samples of DOS patients displayed higher in vitro neutralization potential in plaque assay as compared to DWS, whereas DWS serum samples showed higher antibody‐dependent enhancement in the in vitro enhancement assays. Thus, antibodies targeting immature virus can predict disease severity and could be used in early forecast of disease outcome using an enzyme‐linked immunoassay assay system which is less laborious and cheaper than plaque assay system for correlates of protection and could help optimize medical care and resources.
Cubital vein access provides a practical alternative to internal jugular vein access for coronary sinus catheter placement
Authors: Tashiro Haruwo , Terata Ken , Kato Ryosuke , Wakabayashi Hiyu , Iwakawa Hidehiro , Watanabe Hiroyuki
Published: July 2024

Background

Insertion of electrode catheters into the coronary sinus (CS) through the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) carries risks of pneumothorax and severe hematoma formation. This study was performed to compare the safety and feasibility of catheterization through the left cubital superficial vein versus the RIJV.

Methods

This prospective nonrandomized study involved consecutive patients who underwent catheter ablation from September 2021 to February 2023. Blind puncture techniques were used in the left cubital vein group; ultrasound‐guided insertion was performed in the RIJV group. The success rates of sheath insertion and CS catheterization, the procedure and fluoroscopy times of CS cannulation, and complications were compared between groups.

Results

The left cubital vein group comprised 152 patients, and the RIJV group comprised 58 patients. The sheath insertion success rate was significantly lower in the cubital vein group than in the RIJV group (84.9% vs 100%, respectively; p = .0008). In the cubital vein group, blind puncture attempts failed in 20 patients; three patients developed guidewire‐induced venous injury. One arterial puncture occurred in the RIJV group. After successful sheath insertion, no significant differences were observed in the CS cannulation success rate (97% vs 100%, p = .55), procedure time (median [range], 93 [51–174] vs 74 [44–129] s; p = .19), or fluoroscopy time (median [range], 66 [36–134] vs 48 [30–92] s; p = .17). No serious complications requiring procedural discontinuation occurred.

Conclusion

The left cubital vein approach is practical, offering a viable alternative to the RIJV approach.
Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease scores and chronic periodontitis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Joo Kwangmin , Kang Yeo Wool , Moon Sang Yi , Baek Yang Hyun , Son Minkook
Published: July 2024

Background

Although several studies have demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic periodontitis, few studies have reported that NAFLD causes chronic periodontitis, especially in the Asian population.

Methods

This study was conducted on 129,087 individuals, and the NAFLD score was assessed using the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), and Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI). The incidence of chronic periodontitis was defined as a diagnostic code with dental procedures. Multi‐variable adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Nine thousand one hundred and twenty‐eight chronic periodontitis cases (7.1%) were identified during a mean 7.4 years follow‐up period. Each NAFLD score was related to chronic periodontitis. In the FLI score, HR and 95% CIs for the incidence of chronic periodontitis compared with a low FLI group were as follows: indeterminate FLI: 1.19 (1.12–1.26), high FLI: 1.32 (1.18–1.47). In the HSI and FSI scores, HR and 95% CIs for the incidence of chronic periodontitis were 1.13 (1.05–1.22) and 1.23 (1.05–1.31), respectively.

Conclusions

All NAFLD scores were associated with chronic periodontitis in the Korean population. As chronic periodontitis can aggravate the liver status, patients with NAFLD may need regular dental visits.
Translating virtual product scarcity in gaming to real‐world brand value
Authors: Fukuda Reo , Nomura Takuya , Akamatsu Naoki
Published: July 2024

This study explores how the scarcity of virtual products in virtual gaming spaces influences brand evaluation in the real world. While previous studies suggest that scarcity in virtual spaces can enhance brand value, the mechanisms and conditions under which this effect occurs (e.g., the characteristics of virtual spaces, consumer traits, and stimulus). Drawing on insights from scarcity research on physical products, we propose that the effects of scarcity may stem from the expectation of impression management. We developed a model that incorporates insights from physical product scarcity research with the unique aspects of virtual spaces and consumer characteristics. Through four studies, we discovered that the effect of supply scarcity in enhancing brand evaluation is pronounced when the space is online and when consumers have a high level of social presence. Furthermore, in cases where social presence is not high, encounters with others wearing scarce products were found to enhance the scarcity effect. Companies can enhance brand evaluation by strategically using virtual product scarcity in online gaming, particularly when targeting consumers with high social presence or creating opportunities for players to interact with others wearing scarce items.
Danmaku consistency reduces consumer purchases during live streaming: A dual‐process model
Authors: Zhang Nan , Ruan Chenhan
Published: July 2024

Danmaku, a new type of real‐time electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) for shopping during live streaming, was designed to be consistent when promoting products during live streaming to create an active atmosphere. However, the effect of danmaku consistency on consumer purchases has received limited attention. Specifically, the literature on eWOM consistency mainly considers valence consistency in information posted after purchase; it does not explore real‐time interactions under live‐streaming conditions. Therefore, from the perspective of consumer‐to‐consumer interactions, this research innovatively explores the negative impact of danmaku consistency (in both content and format) on consumer purchases. Based on three experiments, we find that danmaku consistency reduces consumer purchases during live streaming. This effect occurs through a dual‐process mechanism of psychological reactance and information richness. In addition, the above negative effect is attenuated by the moderating role of perceived intrinsic motivation to post danmaku. The findings contribute to the eWOM literature by shedding new light on the negative side of danmaku consistency during live streaming, and they provide practical suggestions for streamers and platforms for designing danmaku and increasing consumer engagement.
Monte Carlo simulations of microdosimetry and radiolytic species production at long time post proton irradiation using GATE and Geant4‐DNA
Authors: Fois Giovanna Rosa , Tran Hoang Ngoc , Fiegel Vincent , Blain Guillaume , Chiavassa Sophie , Craff Emeline , Delpon Grégory , Evin Manon , Haddad Ferid , Incerti Sébastien , Koumeir Charbel , Métivier Vincent , Mouchard Quentin , Poirier Freddy , Potiron Vincent , Servagent Noël , Vandenborre Johan , Maigne Lydia
Published: July 2024

Background

Radiobiological effectiveness of radiation in cancer treatment can be studied at different scales (molecular till organ scale) and different time post irradiation. The production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species during water radiolysis is particularly relevant to understand the fundamental mechanisms playing a role in observed biological outcomes. The development and validation of Monte Carlo tools integrating the simulation of physical, physico‐chemical and chemical stages after radiation is very important to maintain with experiments.

Purpose

Therefore, in this study, we propose to validate a new Geant4‐DNA chemistry module through the simulation of water radiolysis and Fricke dosimetry experiments on a proton preclinical beam line.

Material and methods

In this study, we used the GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform (version 9.3) to simulate a 67.5 MeV proton beam produced with the ARRONAX isochronous cyclotron (IBA Cyclone 70XP) at conventional dose rate (0.2 Gy/s) to simulate the irradiation of ultra‐pure liquid water samples and Fricke dosimeter. We compared the depth dose profile with measurements performed with a plane parallel Advanced PTW 34045 Markus ionization chamber. Then, a new Geant4‐DNA chemistry application proposed from Geant4 version 11.2 has been used to assess the evolution of , , , , , , and reactive species along time until 1‐h post‐irradiation. In particular, the effect of oxygen and pH has been investigated through comparisons with experimental measurements of radiolytic yields for and Fe3+.

Results

GATE simulations reproduced, within 4%, the depth dose profile in liquid water. With Geant4‐DNA, we were able to reproduce experimental radiolytic yields 1‐h post‐irradiation in aerated and deaerated conditions, showing the impact of small changes in oxygen concentrations on species evolution along time. For the Fricke dosimeter, simulated G(Fe3+) is 15.97 ± 0.2 molecules/100 eV which is 11% higher than the measured value (14.4 ± 04 molecules/100 eV).

Conclusions

These results aim to be consolidated by new comparisons involving other radiolytic species, such as or to further study the mechanisms underlying the FLASH effect observed at ultra‐high dose rates (UHDR).
Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of overactive bladder in men and women: A pooled analysis
Authors: Nitti Victor W. , Kohan Alfred , McCammon Kurt , Jenkins Brenda , Ifantides Kimberly Becker , Yushmanova Irina , Chapple Christopher
Published: July 2024

Background

This pooled analysis of randomized controlled studies investigated the safety and efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA in male and female patients with overactive bladder (OAB).

Methods

Data were pooled from four similarly designed trials in North America and Europe. Adults with idiopathic OAB for ≥6 months inadequately managed by at least one anticholinergic were randomized 1:1 or 2:1 to receive onabotulinumtoxinA 100 U or matched placebo in Cycle 1 and could request open‐label retreatment with onabotulinumtoxinA 100 U at ≥12 weeks. Efficacy outcomes at Week 12 included the primary endpoint of mean urinary incontinence (UI) episodes per day and other variables, such as the proportion of patients with ≥50% reduction in daily UI episodes. Safety was assessed by monitoring treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Analyses by sex were descriptive. Males were further analyzed by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) diagnosis status.

Results

In the pooled population (N = 1564), there were 194 males (12.4%) and 1370 females (87.6%). Mean number of baseline UI episodes per day was 4.9 in males and 5.5 in females. At Week 12, numerically greater mean reductions from baseline in number of daily UI episodes were observed with the onabotulinumtoxinA 100 U group (females: −3.0; males: −2.2) versus placebo (females: −1.1; males: −1.3). Achievement of ≥50% reduction in daily UI episodes was numerically greater with onabotulinumtoxinA 100 U (females: 64.8%; males: 61.2%) versus placebo (females: 30.6%; males: 44.8%), and numerically higher in males without BPH (onabotulinumtoxinA: 65.1%; placebo: 50.9%) versus with BPH (onabotulinumtoxinA: 54.3%; placebo: 36.6%). A total of 34.7% of males and 39.4% of females experienced at least one TEAE in the first 12 weeks during treatment Cycle 1. Urinary tract infection rate was 13.1% in females and 4.2% in males; incidence of hematuria was 6.8% in males and 1.1% in females. Incidence of urinary retention (defined as incomplete emptying, requiring catheterization) was 2.7% in females and 4.7% in males.

Conclusion

OnabotulinumtoxinA 100 U was efficacious and well tolerated in men and women with OAB, including in males with and without BPH. No new safety findings were identified when data were analyzed by sex.
The relationships between blood lead levels and nocturia prevalence in adults: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Junwei , Wang Xin , Zhang Cunming , Zhang Aiwei
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between blood lead levels and the prevalence of nocturia in American adults.

Methods

We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2020, focusing on individuals aged 20 years or older (n = 11,919). Blood lead levels were categorized into two groups (<2 µg/dL and ≥2 µg/dL), and the presence of nocturia was assessed based on questionnaire responses. We used multivariable logistic regression models to explore the association between blood lead levels and nocturia while adjusting for various covariates, including sex, ratio of family income to poverty (RIP), lipid profile, age, body mass index (BMI), race, citizenship, sleep trouble, diabetes, and hypertension. To verify whether certain covariates influence blood lead levels and the risk of nocturia, we conducted subgroup analyses.

Results

Of the study participants, 31.70% reported experiencing nocturia. Individuals with higher blood lead levels (≥2 µg/dL) exhibited a higher likelihood of experiencing nocturia compared to those with lower levels (<2 µg/dL) in all three models (Model 1: OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.29–1.66, p < 0.0001; Model 2: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.09–1.44, p = 0.002; Model 3: OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.06–1.41, p = 0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed that factors such as age, sex, sleep trouble, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, RIP, and race did not affect the association between blood lead levels and the risk of nocturia (P for interaction >0.05).

Conclusions

This study reported the correlation between blood lead levels and nocturia. We found that compared to blood lead levels below 2 µg/dL, when lead levels reached or exceeded 2 µg/dL, the risk of nocturia occurrence increased by 22%.

Clinical trial registration

This study is based on existing data from a public database and not from a specific clinical trial; hence, clinical registration information is not provided.
Work‐Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Endoscopic Sinus and Skull Base Surgery: A Systematic Review With Meta‐analysis
Authors: Campbell Raewyn G. , Zadro Joshua R. , Gamble Andrew R. , Chan Cliffton L. , Mackey Martin G. , Osie Gabriel , Png Lu Hui , Douglas Richard G. , Pappas Evangelos
Published: July 2024

Objective

Endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery has led to significant improvements in patient outcomes, yet may have come at a cost to surgeons' musculoskeletal (MSK) health. We aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of work‐related MSK disorders (WRMDs) in endoscopic sinus and skull base surgeons; to investigate contributing factors for WRMD in this population; and to evaluate the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions on the severity or prevalence of WRMD in this population.

Data Sources

Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to April 2, 2024. A bibliographic examination was performed for further papers.

Review Methods

Inclusion criteria included original peer‐reviewed papers with work‐related MSK outcomes (prevalence, contributing factors, and interventions) relating to endoscopic sinus and/or skull base surgeons in any language.

Results

Of 25,772 unique citations, 37 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled lifetime, point, and 12‐month prevalences of WRMD were 75.9% (95% confidence interval; I2, 67.2%‐83.6%, I2 95.6%), 80.8% (77.0%‐84.3%, I2 98.0%), and 82.0% (71.8%‐90.3%, I2 60.96%) respectively. The neck, lumbar spine, and thoracic spine were the most commonly involved areas. One of 9 studies on contributing factors investigated discomfort as an outcome. The remainder focussed on surrogate outcomes (eg, posture, hand dysfunction). Two of the 13 intervention studies investigated pain or fatigue as an outcome. The remainder targeted posture, muscle activity, or workload.

Conclusion

WRMDs are highly prevalent in endoscopic sinus and skull base surgeons. Further studies focusing on the direct outcomes of WRMD such as pain are needed.
Assessing the Efficacy of Tragal Pumping in a Novel Tympanostomy Tube‐Rat Model
Authors: Hara Satoshi , Liu Xinyu , Shah Firasat Ali , Saeki Harumi , Orita Hajime , Sakyo Airi , Anzai Takashi , Takata Yusuke , Kamiya Kazusaku , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Gabrielson Kathleen
Published: July 2024

Objective

Tragal pumping (TP) is a practice of pushing on the tragus to raise pressure within the external auditory canal and is a commonly recommended adjunctive maneuver believed to facilitate the introduction of ototopical medications into the middle ear cavity via a tympanostomy tube. To investigate the efficacy of TP in the penetration of eardrops into the middle ear cavity via tympanostomy tube, we established the novel tympanostomy tube‐rat model. We investigated the histology of the middle ear to determine the efficacy in moving fluid into the middle ear.

Study Design

Prospective controlled animal study.

Setting

Animal laboratory in a university hospital.

Methods

Ten rats were recruited, and a tympanostomy tube insertion and green dye eardrops into outer ears were performed on bilateral ears. TP was performed only on 1 ear and was not applied on the other ear in each rat. Green dye in a middle ear cavity in hematoxylin and eosin‐stained temporal bone sections was evaluated by blinded experts in microscopic anatomy (staining grade) and by using Image J software (staining level). The results of these 2 methods were statistically validated.

Results

The staining grade (P < .001) and the staining level (P < .001) were significantly higher in the ears which we applied TP than in the control ears. The results of 2 methods were significantly and positively correlated (r = .898, P < .001).

Conclusion

Our results showed that the TP accelerate the penetration of eardrops into the middle ear cavity in the tympanostomy tube‐rat model.
Update on the clinical applications of SGLTis: Insight to benefits beyond hypoglycemic and cardiorenal protection
Authors: Tao Shibing , Guo Shanlan , Tong Nanwei
Published: July 2024

Sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitor (SGLTi) drugs have been widely used in clinical practice. In addition to their benefits in hyperglycemia, heart failure (HF), and kidney disease, their effects on obesity, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly named nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), abnormal lipid metabolism, hyperuricemia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), anemia, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD, formerly named syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone [SIADH]) have been explored. In this review, we searched the data of clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta‐analyses of SGLTis in patients with diabetes from the PubMed library between January 1, 2020, and February 1, 2024. According to our review, certain SGLTis exhibit relatively superior clinical safety and effectiveness for treating the abovementioned diseases. Proper utilization of SGLTis in these patients can provide additional medication options for patients with different disease scenarios. However, studies of SGLTis in these diseases are relatively rare, with shortcomings such as small sample sizes and short intervention periods. Therefore, further large‐scale, long‐term, well‐designed studies are needed to clarify the findings.
Hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning for high‐throughput phenotyping in winter wheat
Authors: Kaur Sehijpreet , Kakani Vijaya Gopal , Carver Brett , Jarquin Diego , Singh Aditya
Published: July 2024

Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a highly successful and efficient method for phenotyping in plant breeding programs. This study explored using UAVs equipped with hyperspectral sensors to expedite breeders' decision‐making in selecting winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with improved growth, biomass, leaf area, and canopy cover (CC). The hyperspectral image processing pipeline utilized for image analysis was described. The study was conducted with 2145 genotypes of winter wheat, and UAV‐based hyperspectral measurements were used to predict the phenotype. Reflectance measurements were taken at narrow wavelength intervals, spanning 400–2500 nm. For ground truthing, samples were collected from different parts of the field. These samples were used to evaluate various plant attributes, including CC, leaf area index, plant height, and dry biomass. The hyperspectral data were employed for computation of multiple vegetation indices (VIs), and to improve the prediction of plant traits, we employed partial least squares regression (PLSR) and random forest (RF) regression techniques on both the complete set of hyperspectral variables and the top 10 derived VIs. Our results show that using complete hyperspectral variables results in superior r, R2, and lower root mean square error for both models. We conclude that relying solely on linear regression models with VIs may not always result in accurate predictions of plant traits in winter wheat. However, combining these indices with the RF and PLSR algorithm significantly enhances the prediction accuracy. However, the performance of both PLSR and RF models shows minimal disparity, with only slight differences observed. This highlights the importance of utilizing appropriate machine learning algorithms for improved prediction of plant traits.
Maxwell‐f(Q)$f(Q)$ Theory
Authors: Nashed Gamal Gergess Lamee
Published: July 2024

Exploring the four‐dimensional AdS black hole is crucial within the framework of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this research, four‐dimensional stationary and rotating AdS solutions in the framework of the gravitational theory are investigated, considering the charged scenario. Author's emphasis is on the power‐law ansatz, which consistent with observations and is deemed the most viable. Because this solution does not have an uncharged version or relate to general relativity, it falls into a new category, which derives its features from changes in non‐metricity and incorporates the Maxwell domain. The singularities of such a solution are analyzed, computing all the quantities of different curvature and non‐metricity invariants. Author's results indicate the presence of a central singularity, albeit with a softer nature compared to standard non‐metricity or Einstein general relativity, attributed to the influence of the effect of . Several physical characteristics of black hole from thermodynamics perspective and demonstrate the existence of an outer event horizon in addition to the inner Cauchy horizons are examined. However, under the conditions of sufficiently large electric charge, a naked singularity emerges. Finally, a class of rotating black hole in four‐dimensional gravity that are asymptotically anti‐de Sitter charged is derived.
Nonlinear Optical Effects in Europium Melilite Eu2MgSi2O7
Authors: Tsysar Kseniya Mikhailovna , Bazhanov Dmitry Igorevich , Abgaryan Karine Karlenovna , Kiselyova Nadezhda Nikolaevna
Published: July 2024

Crystals of the family of tetragonal, non‐centrosymmetric melilites have attracted interest as nonlinear optical, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric materials. This work presents an ab initio study of the optical properties of europium melilite, Eu2MgSi2O7. The study includes the calculation of refractive and absorption spectra, with respect to the density of states of the system. The obtained results demonstrate the correlation between the electronic structure of europium melilite and its optical characteristics.
Tamarixetin ameliorates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury via suppressing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2/nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Yang Yanqiu , Wang Feng , Fang Mingxia , Yao Xiaohu , Xu Libin , Liu Yueyang , Liu Yeshu , Liang Dong , Zeng Kewu , Li Ning , Hou Yue
Published: July 2024

Tamarixetin, a natural dietary flavone, exhibits remarkable potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The present article aimed to explore the impact of tamarixetin on ischemic stroke and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Effects of tamarixetin on ischemic stroke were evaluated in rats using the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) model, by assessing the neurological deficit scores, brain water content, brain infraction, and neuronal damage. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression were measured in MCAO/R rats and lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated cells. Tamarixetin administration improved the neurological dysfunction and neuronal loss in MCAO/R rats. In addition, tamarixetin reduced microglial hyperactivation and proinflammatory cytokines expression in vivo and in vitro. Tamarixetin attenuated NF–κB p65 phosphorylation and promoter activity, reduced NLRP3 expression and caspase‐1 cleavage, and downregulated IL‐1β and IL‐18 secretions to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The levels of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and ROS were also suppressed by tamarixetin. The downregulation of NADP+ and NADPH levels, and gp91phox expression indicated the ameliorative effects of tamarixetin on NADPH oxidase activation. In the gp91phox knockdown cells treated with lipopolysaccharide, the effects of tamarixetin on NADPH oxidase activation, ROS generation, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were diminished. Moreover, tamarixetin protects neurons against microglial hyperactivation in vitro. Our findings support the potential of tamarixetin as a therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke, and its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of NADPH oxidase–NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.
Observation of Room Temperature Exchange Cavity Magnon‐Polaritons in Metallic Thin Films
Authors: Smith Mawgan A. , Lafferty Adam L. , Joseph Alban , McMaster Matthew R. , Scott Jade N. , Hendren William R. , Bowman Robert M. , Weides Martin P. , Macêdo Rair
Published: July 2024

Cavity magnonics has become an intriguing field due to its potential to enable next‐generation technologies centered around controlling information exchange in hybrid resonant systems. Investigating the tunability of magnon‐photon coupling is key to advancing the field. Here, the observation of coupling between the first order magnon mode in a metallic thin film with a cavity photon mode is reported. An electromagnetic perturbation theory that takes account of perpendicular standing spin waves and their respective dissipation is utilized to estimate the coupling strength. The metallic thin film exhibits notably lower dissipation for the higher‐order magnon mode, which is not observed in a thin film magnetic insulator. As such, and given that metallic Kittel magnons typically exhibit lower coherence times than their insulator counterparts, the excitation and coupling to specific higher order modes could lengthen these times compared to previous observations, which may be useful for future integration into quantum devices.
Unveiling Mechanistic Insight into Accelerating Oxygen Molecule Activation by Oxygen Defects in Co3O4‐x/g‐C3N4 p–n Heterojunction for Efficient Photo‐Assisted Uranium Extraction from Seawater
Authors: Hu Enmin , Liu Qian , Qian Zishu , Zhong Qian , He Junhui , Xu Shicheng , Lu Tianming , Li Jin , Chen Tao , Zhu Wenkun
Published: July 2024

Photo‐assisted uranium extraction from seawater (UES) is regarded as an efficient technique for uranium resource recovery, yet it currently faces many challenges, such as issues like biofouling resistance, low charge separation efficiency, slow carrier transfer, and a lack of active sites. Based on addressing the above challenges, a novel oxygen‐deficient Co3O4‐x/g‐C3N4 p–n heterojunction is developed for efficient photo‐assisted uranium extraction from seawater. Relying on the defect‐coupling heterojunction synergistic effect, the redistribution of molecular charge density formed the built‐in electric field as revealed by DFT calculations, significantly enhancing the separation efficiency of carriers and accelerating their migration rate. Notably, oxygen vacancies served as capture sites for oxygen, effectively promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby significantly improving the photo‐assisted uranium extraction performance and antibacterial activity. Thus, under simulated sunlight irradiation with no sacrificial reagent added, Co3O4‐x/g‐C3N4 extracted a high uranium extraction amount of 1.08 mg g−1 from 25 L of natural seawater after 7 days, which is superior to most reported carbon nitride‐based photocatalysts. This study elaborates on the important role of surface defects and inerface engineering strategies in enhancing photocatalytic performance, providing a new approach to the development and design of uranium extraction material from seawater.
A Gel Polymer Electrolyte with High Uniform Na+ Flux and its Constructed Hybrid Interface Synergistically to Facilitate High‐Performance Sodium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yan , Lai Hongjian , Wu Xiangwei , Wen Zhaoyin
Published: July 2024

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) can be developed on a large scale to achieve low‐cost and high‐capacity energy storage systems. Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) can relieve volatilization of liquid electrolyte, adapt to volume changes in electrodes, and better satisfy the requirements of long‐term SMBs. Herein, a dense polyurethane‐based GPE modified with polyacrylonitrile is synthesized by rapidly swelling two‐component polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile electrospun fiber film. Compared to traditional porous GPEs obtained by swelling porous matrixes, the fiber film provides uniform high Na+ flux inside GPE due to its partial solubility property and ability to dissociate salts. Therefore, it can reduce the polarization effect and induce uniform metal deposition under high current in conjunction with its constructed hybrid N/F‐containing solid electrolyte interface (SEI) that possesses low ionic diffusion barrier. The study demonstrates that GPE has an ionic conductivity of 1.816 mS cm−1 at 20 °C and an ion transference number of 0.53. The full battery (NVP/GPE/Na) assembled with this GPE and Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode shows 90.8% capacity retention rate after 1000 cycles at 10 C. Considering the convenient preparation and outstanding electrochemical performances of the obtained GPE, it can also be matched with other electrodes in the future to expand the application of sodium‐based batteries.
Anionic Hofmeister Effect Regulated Conductivity in Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Guo Qingqing , Su Huawei , Ji Xingxiang , Gai Ligang , Jiang Haihui , Liu Libin
Published: July 2024

The Hofmeister effect not only affects the stability and solubility of protein colloids but also has specific effects on the polymer molecules. Here, the impact of the Hofmeister effect on the electrochemical properties of polyelectrolyte hydrogels at room temperature and subzero temperature studied for the first time. Polyelectrolyte hydrogels exhibit an anti‐polyelectrolyte effect in low concentrations of ammonium salt, while they exhibit an obvious Hofmeister effect in high concentrations of ammonium salt. Kosmotropic ions demonstrate strong interaction with water molecules or polymer chains, resulting in the reduction of conductivity of polyelectrolyte hydrogels. However, chaotropic ions exhibit weak interactions with water molecules or molecular chains, leading to an increase in conductivity. The Hofmeister effect has a more significant effect on the polyzwitterion electrolyte. The conductivity of polyzwitterion hydrogel soaked in chaotropic ion is up to 6.2 mS cm‐1 at −40 °C. The supercapacitor assembled by polyzwitterion electrolytes maintains a capacitance retention rate of 85% and ≈100% coulomb efficiency after 15 000 cycles at −40 °C. This study elucidates the influence of the Hofmeister effect on conductivity in polyelectrolytes and expands the regulatory approach for improving the performance of energy storage devices.
Two‐photon Dye‐Based Fluorogenic Organic Nanoparticles as Intracellular Thiols Sensors
Authors: Dal Pra Ophélie , Daniel Jonathan , Recher Gaëlle , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Grazon Chloé
Published: July 2024

Optical bioimaging is an ever‐growing field that benefits both from the fast progress of optical instrumentation and modalities, and from the development of light‐emitting probes. The efficacy of molecular fluorescent dyes is crucial, yet hindered by limited brightness and hydrophilicity. Addressing these challenges, self‐stabilized fluorogenic organic nanoparticles only made of pure dyes (dFONs) are introduced in this work. Comprising thiol‐sensitive fluorogenic chromophores, these dFONs exhibit enhanced brightness exclusively in the presence of biological thiols, notably glutathione, overcoming the need for water‐solubilizing moieties. Importantly, these nanoparticles demonstrate large fluorescence and one‐ and two‐photon brightness, enabling sensitive bioimaging of intracellular thiols at micromolar concentrations. Notably, only the pristine fluorogenic nanoparticles can penetrate the cells and does not require to wash the cells before imaging, emphasizing their unique role as dye carriers, fluorogenic probes and ease of use. This work highlights the transformative potential of dFONs in advancing optical bioimaging, paving the way for the use of dFONs not just as tracers, but also now as biosensors and ultimately in the future as biomarkers.
Expanding model transparency and learning potential through structural and behavioural debriefings
Authors: Capelo Carlos , Pereira Renato , Dias João Ferreira
Published: July 2024

Simulation‐based learning environments have been recommended by researchers as educational tools to support learning in complex domains. However, studies have evidenced that subjects may nevertheless have great difficulty understanding and managing dynamic systems, with several assertions are being made regarding the impact of employing transparent model simulations on learning and performance outcomes. This research, therefore, examines the moderating impacts of structural and behavioural debriefings, which are concentrated respectively on critical variables and relations, and on the connection between model structure, action patterns and system behaviour. We propose a series of hypotheses regarding the impact of model transparency and prior debriefing conditions on participants' performance and their comprehension of the system dynamics. Three out of the six hypotheses were validated: prior structural debriefing alongside model transparency positively impacts performance; prior behavioural debriefing, when combined with model transparency and prior structural debriefing, positively impacts both the comprehension of model dynamics and performance.