bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perovskite Solar Cells on Polymer‐Coated Smooth and Rough Steel Substrates
Authors: Feleki Benjamin T. , Bouwer Ricardo K. M. , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: January 2022

Fabricating efficient perovskite solar cells on steel substrates could enable easy building integration of this photovoltaic technology. Herein, an n–i–p perovskite solar cell is developed on steel substrates for top illumination. The optimized stack uses a Ti bottom electrode, covered with an indium tin oxide (ITO) interlayer and a SnO2 electron transport layer passivated by [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid. The active layer is a triple‐cation perovskite. A thermally evaporated tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine)/MoO3 bilayer acts as hole transport layer. The transparent top contact consists of ITO with a MgF2 antireflective coating. Optical analysis shows small parasitic absorption and reflectance losses for this stack, which provides 15.9% power conversion efficiency when fabricated on glass. On steel, covered with a polyamide imide planarization coating to moderate the surface roughness (R
p), the highest efficiency is 15.2% for high‐gloss steel (R
p ≈ 200 nm), 14.9% for battery steel (R
p ≈ 500 nm), 14.2% for packaging steel (R
p ≈ 1500 nm), and 13.8% for construction steel (R
p ≈ 2500 nm). While the short‐circuit current density and open‐circuit voltage are invariant, the fill factor decreases with increasing R
p due to increasing series resistance and decreasing shunt resistance. The yield of working devices remain high, also for the roughest substrates.
Behavior of RC columns strengthened with UHPFRC jackets through grooving method under eccentric loading: A comparative evaluation of steel and synthetic macro fibers in UHPFRC
Authors: Eshaghi‐Milasi Saadat , Mostofinejad Davood , Saljoughian Alireza , Bahmani Hadi
Published: January 2022

This study aims to examine the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) circular columns retrofitted with ultra‐high‐performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) jackets and fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps under concentric and eccentric loading. In the present study, for the first time, UHPFRC jackets containing synthetic macro fibers (barchip) were used. The results were then compared with those obtained by UHPFRC containing steel fibers. Moreover, to improve the effect of concrete jacketing on the column behavior under eccentric loading, the innovative interface treatment of the longitudinal grooving method (GM) was applied. For these purposes, 15 such circular columns, 120 mm in diameter and 500 mm in height, were subjected to load eccentricities of 0, 30, and 60 mm. Thus, six columns were retrofitted with UHPFRC jackets 15 mm in thickness that included both steel and synthetic macro fibers (barchip) while another six were strengthened with UHPFRC jackets and intermittent glass FRP (GFRP) warps. The experimental results revealed that load‐carrying capacity raised with the increase of the load eccentricity, as evidenced by enhancements of 283%, 303%, and 401% in the loading capacity of the specimens strengthened with UHPFRC jackets containing both GFRP warps and steel fibers for eccentricities of zero, 30, and 60 mm, respectively, relative to those of the control. In addition, enhancements of 198% and 530% were recorded respectively for ductility and energy dissipation under a loading eccentricity of zero mm in specimens retrofitted with UHPFRC jackets including steel fiber and GFRP warps when compared with the same parameters in the corresponding control specimens. Finally, a previous theoretical model was adopted to derive the axial loading‐bending moment (P–M) interaction diagrams whereby the results of the present study were satisfactorily verified.
Inhibition of ALKBH5‐mediated m6A modification of PPARG mRNA alleviates H/R‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in placenta trophoblast
Authors: Guo Yongping , Song Wenxia , Yang Yali
Published: January 2022

The alpha‐ketoglutarate‐dependent (ALKB) homolog 5 (ALKBH5), an m6A demethylase, has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE), but the exact mechanism requires further investigation. RT‐qPCR or Western blotting were used to determine ALKBH5 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARG) expression in placentas from PE patients and normal volunteers, as well as in HTR‐8/SVneo cells treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Our results showed that the expression of ALKBH5 was significantly upregulated and PPARG was downregulated in preeclamptic placentas and H/R‐treated cells. ALKBH5 interference reduced m6A levels of PPARG mRNA, and increased PPARG mRNA stability and promoted PPARG translation level. In addition, ALKBH5 silencing increased the cell proliferation, migration, and vimentin protein level, and inhibited cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and protein levels of endoglin (ENG) and E‐cadherin in H/R‐treated cells, whereas PPARG interference reversed these effects. Furthermore, PPARG repressed the H3K9me2 levels at activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) promoter region by increasing the expression and activity of lysine demethylase 3B (KDM3B). ALCAM inhibition reversed the effects of PPARG overexpression on H/R‐treated cell functions. PKF115‐584 suppressed the effects of ALKBH5 interference on the behaviors of H/R‐treated cells. Finally, inhibition of ALKBH5 alleviates PE‐like features in pregnant mice. Inhibition of ALKBH5 promotes KDM3B‐mediated ALCAM demethylation by facilitating PPARG mRNA m6A modification, and further activates the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, and in turn alleviates PE progression.
Upregulation of FAM129B protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation‐induced injury by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response via enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation
Authors: Zeng Guangwei , Lian Cheng , Li Wei , An Huixian , Han Yang , Fang Dong , Zheng Qiangsun
Published: January 2022

Family with sequence similarity 129, member B (FAM129B) has been identified as a novel cytoprotective protein that facilitates the survival of detrimentally stimulated cells. However, whether FAM129B is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte survival after myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury is unknown. The goal of this work was to evaluate the potential role of FAM129B in regulating hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced cardiomyocyte injury in vitro. We demonstrated that exposure to H/R markedly downregulated the expression of FAM129B in cardiomyocytes. Functional experiments revealed that the upregulation of FAM129B improved H/R‐exposed cardiomyocyte viability, and ameliorated H/R‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro‐inflammatory cytokine release. The upregulation of FAM129B significantly increased the nuclear expression of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), and reinforced Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) activation in H/R‐exposed cardiomyocytes. Moreover, FAM129B modulates Nrf2/ARE signaling in a Kelchlike ECH‐associated protein 1‐dependent manner. Notably, the inhibition of Nrf2 significantly blocked FAM129B‐overexpression‐induced cardioprotective effects in H/R‐exposed cardiomyocytes. In summary, the findings of our work demonstrate that the upregulation of FAM129B ameliorates H/R‐induced cardiomyocyte injury via enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation. Thus, our study indicates that FAM129B may play a role in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury and has the potential to be used as a cardioprotective target.
Salt stress responses and SNP‐based phylogenetic analysis of Thai rice cultivars
Authors: Habila Susinya , Khunpolwattana Nopphakhun , Chantarachot Thanin , Buaboocha Teerapong , Comai Luca , Chadchawan Supachitra , Pongpanich Monnat
Published: January 2022

Genetic diversity is important for developing salt‐tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Certain Thai rice accessions display salt tolerance at the adult or reproductive stage, but their response to salinity at the seedling stage is unknown. In this study, a total of 10 rice cultivars/line, including eight Thai cultivars and standard salt‐tolerant cultivar and susceptible line, were screened using a hydroponic system to identify salt‐tolerant genotypes at the seedling stage. Different morphophysiological indicators were used to classify tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to determine the evolutionary relationships between the cultivars. Results showed that ‘Lai Mahk’, ‘Jao Khao’, ‘Luang Pratahn’, and ‘Ma Gawk’ exhibited salt stress tolerance comparable with the standard salt‐tolerance check ‘Pokkali’. Whole‐exome single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based phylogenetic analysis showed that the Thai rice cultivars were monophyletic and distantly related to Pokkali and IR29. Lai Mahk and Luang Pratahn were found closely related when using the whole‐exome SNPs for the analysis. This is also the case for the analysis of SNPs from 164 salt‐tolerance genes and transcription regulatory genes. The tolerant cultivars shared the same haplotype for 16 genes. Overall, the findings of this study identified four salt‐stress‐tolerant Thai rice cultivars, which could be used in rice breeding programs for salinity tolerance.
2021: a veterinary year in review
Authors: Clark Kathryn
Published: January 2022

With Covid‐19 and Brexit continuing to change the ways in which veterinary teams work, 2021 was another year of uncertainty. Here, Kathryn Clark sums up the year that was.
Andrew Bruce Scrimgeour
Authors: Hibberd Matthew J. C.
Published: January 2022

An orthopaedic veterinary surgeon who stood out, not only because of his colourful dress sense, but also his altruism. He was a generous man who loved sport and lived life to the full.
Copper(I) Complexes with Thioether‐Functionalized Silylamido Ligands
Authors: Liebing Phil , Merzweiler Kurt
Published: January 2022

The thioether‐functionalized aminosilanes Me2Si(NH‐C6H4‐2‐SR)2 (R=Ph, Me) were lithiated with n‐BuLi and subsequently allowed to react with CuCl in the presence of PMe3. In the case of Me2Si(NH‐C6H4‐2‐SPh)2, the dinuclear complex [Cu2{Me2Si(NC6H4‐2‐SPh)2}(PMe3)2] was isolated. In [Cu2{Me2Si(NC6H4‐2‐SPh)2}(PMe3)2] the copper atoms adopt a distorted trigonal‐planar coordination (Cu−N: 191.2(2) pm, Cu−P: 216.3(1) pm, Cu−S: 244.4(1) pm). The reaction of Li2Me2Si(N‐C6H4‐2‐SMe)2 with CuCl in the presence of PMe3 led to rearrangement processes from which the ionic cluster compound [Cu(PMe3)4][Cu5{Me2Si(N‐C6H4‐2‐S)(N‐C6H4‐2‐S−Me)}2(PMe3)2] was isolated in low yield.
Evaporated Responsibility: The Collapse of the West Gate Bridge in Melbourne on 15 October 1970
Authors: Seibel Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

On 15 October 1970, at 11:50AM, part of the West Gate Bridge in Melbourne, span 10-11 of 367 feet length, disintegrated and triggered the collapse of the bridge. Thirty-five men were killed in the disaster. The bridge was still under construction, all those killed were workers or engineers employed on the construction site. The investigation of a Royal Commission revealed a mismatch between an ambitious structural design of the bridge plus an unconventional method of erection and a fragmented, conflict-ridden construction management whose detrimental effects remained unchecked by public authorities. Regulatory powers and enforcement competence had been delegated to a QUANGO—a quasi-non-governmental organization—which diluted responsibility structures and decisively weakened the coordination and control capacity of the agency.
Conclusion: Strategic Learning and Situational High Reliability
Authors: Seibel Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

Public authorities are not high reliability organizations per se but they need to act as one as soon as safety issues are at stake. When it comes to construction and public infrastructure, however, responsibility for human safety may compete with the perceived necessity to respond to quests for accelerated licensing, fostering the local economy and general urban development, cooperative relations with contractors and consultants, compromises in local politics and similar types of legitimate expectations of clientele and the general public. Strategic learning for the sake of sustainable prevention requires to realize the responsiveness versus responsibility trade-off in the first place and to acknowledge the consequences for personal conduct in office under specific situational conditions. In the essence, it is about the strength and strengthening of professional and institutional integrity for the sake of human safety as an integral part of good governance and mindful public management.
The Virginia Company and the Foundations of Religious Governance in English Commercial Expansion
Authors: Smith Haig Z.
Published: January 2022

This chapter traces the use of religious governance in England’s early attempts to colonise Virginia between 1606 and 1624. It assesses how, in the initial steps to establish English authority abroad, religious governance was influenced by the political and governmental characters of successive company leaders such as Thomas Dale, Thomas Gates and John Smith. This explains why the Virginia Company embraced multiple forms of religious governance that would later be used as separate and distinct models of governance by successive companies. The Virginia Company experimented with religious governance to secure their control over English personnel abroad. Moreover, it became an instrumental tool in the companies’ attempts to expand their jurisdictional authority over Native American leaders, such as Powhatan, Pocahontas and her uncle Uttamatomakkin. By doing this company leaders hoped to establish governmental control over Native American peoples, and traditions, such as those Smith writes about in Generall Histoirie of Virginia, traditionally considered beyond the bounds of English governance. Finally, it examines how the experiences and memories of religious governance in the Virginia Company provided the groundwork for future forms of corporate religious governance to evolve.
The Plymouth Company and Massachusetts Bay Company (1622–1639): Establishing Theocratic Corporate Governance
Authors: Smith Haig Z.
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the development of a different form of corporate religious governance in the Atlantic in the years after the Jamestown massacre. It focuses on the denominational identity of its members and how this influenced the direction and formation of a theocratic model of governance that the company would adopt. This chapter illustrates how the leaders of the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay companies, such as William Bradford, John Endicott and John Winthrop, established authoritarian governments by manipulating charter privileges, forming a theocratic model of governance in New England. It examines how the leaders and members of the Plymouth Company and Massachusetts Bay Company, as corporate bodies, established and nurtured a distinct form of governmental identity. By tracing the development of the Massachusetts Bay Company’s congregational theocratic governance through works such as Bradford’s Of Plimoth Plantation, the Winthrop Papers, as well as the Records of the Town of Plymouth and the Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay New England, it shows how the joint stock corporation offered its members the legal and structural framework that would dogmatically police the religious behaviour of its members to secure and establish a godly republic.
Management Response to Online Review: The Case of Hong Kong Luxury Hotels
Authors: Tam Suki Siuki , Fong Lawrence Hoc Nang , Law Rob
Published: January 2022

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is regarded as crucial in business development. Given the intangible nature of tourism and hospitality products, potential customers find it hard to assess them before making purchase. Accordingly, online customer reviews and management responses have influential roles in their decision-making process. While a plethora of previous research focused on customer reviews, scholarly attention on how luxury hotels respond to the reviews was scant. Using content analysis, this study examines the management response characteristics of 35 luxury hotels and response style of 7 luxury chain hotels in Hong Kong. Their response characteristics including response frequency, responder’s job position, and timeliness of response were generally similar. The response style and tone (professional and conversational tones) vary with hotels even they are in the same hotel group. Implications on practice of management responses are offered for luxury hotel operators.
Do DMOs Promote the Right Aspects of the Destination? A Study of Instagram Photography with a Visual Classifier
Authors: Nixon Lyndon
Published: January 2022

As global travel emerges from the pandemic, pent up interest in travel will lead to consumers making their choice between global destinations. Instagram is a key source of destination inspiration. DMO marketing success on this channel relies on projecting a destination image that resonates with this target group. However, usual text-based marketing intelligence on this channel does not work as content is consumed first and foremost as a visual projection. The author has built a deep learning based visual classifier for destination image measurement from photos. In this paper, we compare projected and perceived destination images in Instagram photography for four of the most Instagrammed destinations worldwide. We find that whereas the projected destination image aligns well to the perceived image, there are specific aspects of the destinations that are of more interest to Instagrammers than reflected in the current destination marketing.
Travel Incheon as a Metaverse: Smart Tourism Cities Development Case in Korea
Authors: Um Taehyee , Kim Hyunkyu , Kim Hyunji , Lee Jungho , Koo Chulmo , Chung Namho
Published: January 2022

The central government and local governments of the South Korea execute a project to build smart tourism city for tourism and urban development. However, little study has shed light on the details of smart tourism city project. To approach the concept of smart tourism city and understand the phenomenon of smart tourism city construction, this study conducts a case study. Incheon is the first city in which implementing the smart tourism city creation project. We apply the metaverse concept to check how Incheon implements a smart tourism city. Specifically, the metaverse concept applied tourism service operated by Incheon is divided into real based and virtual based (AR Incheon and Incheoncraft). Along with an introduction to the case, how the concept of metaverse supports the creation of a smart tourism city is discussed. This is an early-stage study that explores the phenomenon by considering the relationship between the smart tourism and metaverse.
Communicating to Tourists During and Post-Covid-19: What Do They Want (Need) to Hear?
Authors: Zizka Laura , Chen Meng-Mei , Zhang Effie , Favre Amandine
Published: January 2022

Swiss tourism relies heavily on international clientele to book rooms and purchase goods and services. However, from March to June 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, travel and subsequent bookings slowed and, in some cases, stopped altogether. Based predominantly on Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), this paper investigates Swiss hotels’ messages on their official Facebook pages and the SCCT strategies they employed during this crisis. The findings from 48 independent four- and five-star hotels show that the Victimage strategy was the most often employed when communicating about the COVID-19 pandemic in general. Further, most hotels published positive messages during this period (68%) and strongly emphasized their roles as victims at this time. Only 5% of the messages posted were negative messages. Hotels ‘blamed’ the government and the sanitary measures for their closing or reduced services. The findings presented here contribute to the literature by offering a pattern of crisis responses from Swiss hotels in the early period of the pandemic. These results are currently being updated with the messages communicated in the 12 months since the beginning of this study. The findings of this crisis communication during an early stage of the pandemic will be used to make concrete recommendations for the strategies that should be implemented in the future if the COVID-19 crisis continues or when faced with other crises.
Building Resilient Smart Cities for Sustainable Urban Tourism in Africa Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Woyo Erisher , Ukpabi Dandison
Published: January 2022

This paper contributes to the knowledge by examining the role of smart tourism technologies in destination resilience amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering tourism in the COVID-19 crisis as an emerging stream of research, the study also explores how African cities deployed smart tourism technologies and how effective it has been in creating resilient and safe destinations. Data were collected through a semi-structured online interview from destination managers in Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa. The findings pose critical lessons for city destinations and how they need to transition into smartness to create safe spaces for travellers during and post-COVID-19. Our study makes novel contributions to literature and practice. Theoretically, our study fills the void identified in the relationship between STTs and COVID-19. Our study also offers practical recommendations that will accelerate African destination reset strategies.
Using Machine Learning Methods to Predict Demand for Bike Sharing
Authors: Gao Chang , Chen Yong
Published: January 2022

We applied four machine learning models, linear regression, the k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest, and support vector machine, to predict consumer demand for bike sharing in Seoul. We aimed to advance previous research on bike sharing demand by incorporating features other than weather - such as air pollution, traffic information, Covid-19 cases, and social economic factors- to increase prediction accuracy. The data were retrieved from Seoul Public Data Park website, which records the counts of public bike rentals in Seoul of Korea from January 1 to December 31, 2020. We found that the two best models are the random forest and the support vector machine models. Among the 29 features in six categories the features in the weather, pollution, and Covid-19 outbreak categories are the most important in model prediction. While almost all social economic features are the least important, we found that they help enhance the performance of the models.
Virtual Reality: A Simple Substitute or New Niche?
Authors: Verkerk Victoria-Ann
Published: January 2022

Since 2020, the tourism industry worldwide has been devastated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments across the globe imposed strict national lockdowns in order to curb the spread of the pandemic, with negative effects on tourism. This forced many tourism companies and organizations to turn to virtual reality (VR) to survive. As a consequence, numerous tourism scholars began to question whether VR would replace conventional tourism after COVID-19. The study aims is to address this concern and to determine if VR will be a substitute for conventional tourism or whether it can be considered as a tourism niche. It is a conceptional study which adopts a comparative analysis of conventional tourism models and VR. It uses two popular conventional tourism models, namely N. Leiper’s (1979) tourism system model and R.W. Butler’s (1980) destination life-cycle model. Based on this analysis, this paper suggests that VR will never be a substitute for conventional tourism, but should rather be considered a future tourism niche.
Content-Based Recommendations for Crags and Climbing Routes
Authors: Ivanova Iustina , Andrić Marina , Ricci Francesco
Published: January 2022

Climbing is a popular sport for active tourists and recreational sportsmen. Alpine climbing areas, such as the Alps, can attract tourists from all over the world. Various websites, mobile applications, and books are used by climbers to obtain information on important aspects of the available climbing routes, including their properties, location, and especially their difficulty. Considering this large amount of information and options, it is in reality difficult for climbers to properly select which routes to climb. Hence, we propose recommendation technologies aimed at supporting climbers in this decision task. The developed system prototype constructs a climber’s profile with preferences derived from climber’s logbook data collected by a mobile app. Then, the system can recommend suitable crags and climbing routes within the selected crags. The designed interface and the basic computational models for such a system prototype are presented. The proposed technology aims at complementing existing electronic climbing guidebooks and providing decision support to climbers.
Understanding Preferences in Tourism Email Marketing
Authors: Garbani-Nerini Elide , Marchiori Elena , Reale Rossella , Cantoni Lorenzo
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, advanced tools allow the personalization of email communication with tourism clients or prospects based on explicit (e.g. name, age, language, country) and implicit indicators (e.g. ranking of activity in the opening rate of the newsletter, browsing preferences, online preferences provided by cookies, etc.). However, knowing how audiences react to emails allows Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) to create content clusters for personalized communication. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the preferences on tourism email marketing of different audiences based on a specific explicit indicator, namely the language chosen by users to receive communications by a DMO. A content analysis on a longitudinal dataset based on 131 newsletter messages sent between 2018 and 2021 to more than 50′000 contacts by a DMO in Switzerland was performed. Results show that content should be adapted to different audiences speaking different languages instead of providing just a translation. Specifically, the German-speaking audience seems to be more inclined to messages that focus on winter sports and hiking, the Italian-speaking audience to news about hiking and information on COVID-19, the French-speaking audience to news about promotions, while the English-speaking audience to contents on discounts and COVID-19-related. These results provide an important contribution to studies on tourism personalization of communication in the context of email marketing, suggesting the role of content adaptation according to the language and cultural background of the audience. DMO managers can also benefit from this research in understanding how to address a similar study on their datasets and compare the emerged content clusters.
Exploring “Planned Serendipity” and On-site Information Behavior on Smartphones
Authors: Mieli Micol
Published: January 2022

The paper explores tourists’ smartphone-related information behavior on site in light of the concept of “planned serendipity”. The ability to gather information at anytime and anywhere can deeply influence tourists’ behavior, their information needs and the outcomes of their travel plans. In this study, the concept of planned serendipity is used to suggest that the outcome of travel information behavior on site is not entirely planned nor entirely serendipitous. The study employs the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) in combination with qualitative interviews, which allow the researcher to gather data both during the participants’ trip and afterwards. The thematic analysis resulted in four main themes related to information search connected to smartphone use: flexible plans; orientation in time and space; specificity of the query; aiming for optimization. Such conditions result in planned serendipity. The study thus contributes to the conceptualization of planned serendipity as an outcome of smartphone use during travel for information purposes.
Understanding Hotel Employees’ and Guests’ Perceptions of Smart Hotels Using Q Methodology
Authors: Shen Ye
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, hotels are adopting high technologies to improve the quality of their facilities and services to build competitive advantages. Although smart hotels are an emerging trend, no known studies have investigated hotel employees’ and guests’ perceptions of this kind of hotel. This research will investigate how hotel employees and guests perceive the benefits and drawbacks of smart hotels using Q methodology.
Business Intelligence and the Public Management of Destinations: The View of DMOs
Authors: Femenia-Serra Francisco , Alzua-Sorzabal Aurkene , Pousa-Unanue Aitziber
Published: January 2022

Business intelligence (BI) has become a priority for destination management organizations (DMOs) that have implemented solutions to improve their decision-making and data management processes. However, not all BI initiatives have fulfilled the expectations. This paper presents an analysis of a series of interviews with DMOs in Spain, offering a snapshot of their satisfaction with BI and the relationship between these applications and decision making at destinations. The results suggests that one of the reasons for failure is the lack of understanding of the critical factors that define the success of BI applications. Moreover, the findings offer a novel vision of how destinations are progressively leveraging the opportunities that advanced data analysis offers, but also reveal why managers find manifold difficulties in implementing these systems. These results pose several implications for DMOs.
Analyzing Individual, Institutional, and Regional Contributions to E-tourism: The Case of ENTER Proceedings (1996–2021)
Authors: Tam Suki Siuki , Ye Huiyue , Law Rob , Fong Lawrence Hoc Nang
Published: January 2022

ENTER conference is an annual international event organized by the International Federation for Information Technology and Travel and Tourism (IFITT). Since 1994, this conference has been providing a platform for academics, industry practitioners, governments, and other organizations to share their research about information and communication technologies application in tourism. In the conference, the IFITT community mainly focuses on three streams, namely, research, destinations, and industry. The studies presented at the ENTER conference were published in the content of ENTER proceedings. The current study analyzes the proceedings published from 1996 to 2021 (i.e., 26 issues) to understand the individual, institutional, and regional contributions to e-tourism within these 26 years.
How to Design Hotel Gamified Applications Effectively: Understanding the Motives of Users as Hotel Visitors
Authors: Parapanos Demos , Michopoulou Elina
Published: January 2022

The service sector including tourism and hospitality have recognized the need for a turn to a customer-centric approach that primarily values tourists’ needs, wants, preferences and requirements as major determinants in travel decisions. Considering that mobile devices are becoming travel buddies and that their use is profoundly influencing traveller’s journey highlights the need of Gamification. As a relatively new phenomenon in the industry, motives encouraging usage behaviour have yet to be researched. Identifying these motives could offer several advantages to hotels by providing relationship marketing, engagement and strengthening customer loyalty. This research tries to fill this gap and enlighten existing gamification research by understanding the motives of users’ continuance intention in adopting technology with gamification characteristics. Visual material based on the current definitions of gamification was prepared to create a hotel gamified application to help participants discuss their preferences.
Video Games as a Media for Tourism Experience
Authors: Junko Yang , Hsu Chia-Hsiang , Liu Tsong-Zen
Published: January 2022

Virtual reality technology in recent year has been a hot topic in tourism and hospitality field, both for research and practical purposes. Virtual technology has some limitation, such as costs and time, which can be addressed by a different form of virtual technology, which is video games. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of mental imagery, sense of presence and addition of storytelling towards tourism experience by using video games as a medium. Previous studies have analyzed effects of mental imagery and presence towards the tourism experience, but there is lack of research in using storytelling or narratives to add to the tourism experience. Storytelling has been studied in marketing field, and has been found to be a great marketing tool, because people love to hear stories. Video games can be a better tool for delivering storytelling, while providing solid mental imagery and a sense of presence to the location. The methodology proposed for this study is a quantitative approach, using survey questionnaire as a tool. Two sampling method is proposed. The first is to use players of location-based games as the population, and randomly take the sample. The second method is to uses tourists or potential tourists of a destination, have the respondents try out the game, and answer the questionnaire. The proposed research could provide the importance of storytelling to be added for virtual reality and video games usage in tourism and hospitality field.
Leveraging Blockchain in Medical Tourism Value Chain
Authors: Balasubramanian Sreejith , Ajayan Shalini , Paris Cody Morris
Published: January 2022

There are significant challenges facing the medical tourism industry: privacy and transparency concerns, lack of access to centralized medical records, fraudulent practices, opportunistic behavior of intermediaries, foreign currency risks, and contractual/legal issues. While blockchain technology has immense potential to address the industry’s inherent challenges and inefficiencies, the current understanding of blockchain application in medical tourism is fragmented. Through a pragmatic review of the literature, this study explores the blockchain applications and benefits for medical tourists across the stages of the medical tourism value chain, and in the process, proposes a meaningful and managerially relevant blockchain framework for medical tourism. The findings and the proposed novel framework to guide policy interventions and support mechanisms to take advantage of the full opportunities of blockchain in medical tourism.
“Better Not Let Me Know”: The Mediating Role of Regret on the Relation Between Social Comparison Discrepancy in Online Hotel Review and Revisit Intention
Authors: Nong Sunny Zhenzhen , Fong Lawrence Hoc Nang
Published: January 2022

Online review is powerful in influencing tourists’ travel decision. However, understanding of how online reviews affect tourist emotion and decision at the post-trip stage is limited. The present study examines whether encountering travel experiences shared on social media by other users with disparity in the cost of same accommodation after a trip will cause regret and alter the intention to revisit from a retrospective point of view. Drawing from the experimental study, the result showed that regret mediates the negative effect of comparison discrepancy (in the case of differences in the paid room rate) on intention to stay in the hotel again. The current study of the effects of social comparison on revisit intention adds to the literature and establishes the groundwork for future scholarly work on post-trip online review management. Meaningful implications and strategies are recommended to online review platform and hotel marketing management.
Erratum to: On factorisation schemes for the electron parton distribution functions in QED
Authors: Frixione S.
Published: January 2022

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2021)180
A modified X-ray diffraction method to measure residual normal and shear stresses of machined surfaces
Authors: Luo Quanshun
Published: January 2022

X-ray diffraction has been widely used in measuring surface residual stresses. A drawback of the conventionald ~ sin2ψmethod is the increased uncertainty arising fromsin2ψsplitting when a significant residual shear stress co-exists with a residual normal stress. In particular, the conventional method can only be applied to measure the residual normal stress while leaving the residual shear stress unknown. In this paper, we propose a new approach to make simultaneous measurement of both residual normal and shear stresses. Theoretical development of the new approach is described in detail, which includes two linear regressions,$$\frac{{d}_{\psi }+ {d}_{-\psi }}{2}$$dψ+d-ψ2~sin2ψand {dψ-d-ψ} ~ sin(2ψ), to determine the residual normal and shear stresses separately. Several samples were employed to demonstrate the new method, including turning-machined and grinding-machined cylindrical bars of a high strength steel as well as a flat sample of magnetron sputtered TiN coating. The machined samples were determined to have residual compressive normal stresses at both the axial and hoop directions as well as various scales of residual shear stresses. The TiN coating showed a high scale of residual compressive (normal) stress whereas the measured residual shear stress was extremely low. The new method showed significantly increased precision as compared to the conventionald ~ sin2ψmethod.
Flexible, non-parametric modeling using regularized neural networks
Authors: Allerbo Oskar , Jörnsten Rebecka
Published: January 2022

Non-parametric, additive models are able to capture complex data dependencies in a flexible, yet interpretable way. However, choosing the format of the additive components often requires non-trivial data exploration. Here, as an alternative, we propose PrAda-net, a one-hidden-layer neural network, trained with proximal gradient descent and adaptive lasso. PrAda-net automatically adjusts the size and architecture of the neural network to reflect the complexity and structure of the data. The compact network obtained by PrAda-net can be translated to additive model components, making it suitable for non-parametric statistical modelling with automatic model selection. We demonstrate PrAda-net on simulated data, where we compare the test error performance, variable importance and variable subset identification properties of PrAda-net to other lasso-based regularization approaches for neural networks. We also apply PrAda-net to the massive U.K. black smoke data set, to demonstrate how PrAda-net can be used to model complex and heterogeneous data with spatial and temporal components. In contrast to classical, statistical non-parametric approaches, PrAda-net requires no preliminary modeling to select the functional forms of the additive components, yet still results in an interpretable model representation.
US lesion visibility predicts clinically significant upgrade of prostate cancer by systematic biopsy
Authors: Velarde Nathan , Westphalen Antonio C. , Nguyen Hao G. , Neuhaus John , Shinohara Katsuto , Simko Jeffry P. , Larson Peder E. , Magudia Kirti
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To identify predictors of when systematic biopsy leads to a higher overall prostate cancer grade compared to targeted biopsy.

Methods and materials

918 consecutive patients who underwent prostate MRI followed by MRI/US fusion biopsy and systematic biopsies from January 2015 to November 2019 at a single academic medical center were retrospectively identified. The outcome was upgrade of PCa by systematic biopsy, defined as cases when systematic biopsy led to a Gleason Grade (GG) ≥ 2 and greater than the maximum GG detected by targeted biopsy. Generalized linear regression and conditional logistic regression were used to analyze predictors of upgrade.

Results

At the gland level, the presence of an US-visible lesion was associated with decreased upgrade (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44–0.93, p = 0.02). At the sextant level, upgrade was more likely to occur through the biopsy of sextants with MRI-visible lesions (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.87–3.63, p < 0.001), US-visible lesions (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.14–2.93, p = 0.01), and ipsilateral lesions (OR 3.89, 95% CI 2.36–6.42, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Systematic biopsy is less valuable in patients with an US-visible lesion, and more likely to detect upgrades in sextants with imaging abnormalities. An approach that takes additional samples from regions with imaging abnormalities may provide analogous information to systematic biopsy.
Simulation in Hand Surgery: A Literature Review
Authors: Saleem Humza Y. , Kaplan Jamie L. , Torres‐Guzman Ricardo A. , Avila Francisco R. , Forte Antonio J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Due to duty hour regulations, patient safety and inadequate operative time simulation have become a necessary part of surgical education and training in residency. Currently, there is no formal adoption of simulators for the use of surgical education or assessment in hand surgery. This literature review analyzes that the simulation techniques established thus far in hand surgery.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed. Search results were filtered by title and abstract to isolate articles that were relevant to simulation in hand surgery. Articles that were nonspecific to the hand, non‐English and cadaveric were excluded. Additional articles were identified through references from the initial search.

Results

A total of 1192 articles were yielded from the initial query. After the application of the inclusion criteria, this was narrowed down to 28 articles. Another 8 additional articles were excluded as they did not pertain to the hand although the simulators could be adapted for hand surgery. A total of 20 articles were included in this study.

Conclusions

Surgical simulation is a growing and essential field of surgical education. Simulators in hand surgery are limited and require further research and validation. Like other surgical subspecialties, hand surgery may benefit from the adoption of an official simulation curriculum for the assessment of residents and enhancement of technical skills.
Accurate Nodal Staging in Pancreatic Cancer in the Era of Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Javed Ammar A. , Ding Ding , Baig Erum , Wright Michael J. , Teinor Jonathan A. , Mansoor Daniyal , Thompson Elizabeth , Hruban Ralph H. , Narang Amol , Burns William R. , Burkhart Richard A. , Lafaro Kelly , Weiss Matthew J. , Cameron John L. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , He Jin
Published: January 2022

Background

Nodal disease is prognostic in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, optimal number of examined lymph nodes (ELNs) required to accurately stage nodal disease in the current era of neoadjuvant therapy remains unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the optimal number of ELNs in patients with neoadjuvantly treated PDAC.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed on patients with PDAC undergoing resection following neoadjuvant treatment between 2011 and 2018. Clinicopathological data were extracted and analyzed.

Results

Of 546 patients included, 232 (42.5%) had lymph node metastases. The median recurrence free survival (RFS) was 10.6 months (95% confidence interval: 9.7–11.7) and nodal disease was independently associated with shorter RFS (9.1 vs 11.9 months; p < 0.001). A cutoff of 22 ELNs was identified that stratified patients by RFS. Patients with N1 and N2 disease had similar median RFS (9.1 vs 8.9 months; p = 0.410). On multivariable analysis, ELN of ≥ 22 was found to be significantly associated with longer RFS among patients with N0 disease (14.2 vs. 10.9 months, p = 0.046). However, ELN has no impact on RFS for patients with N1/N2 disease (9.5 vs. 8.4 months, p = 0.190). Adjuvant therapy was associated with RFS only in patients with residual nodal disease.

Conclusions

Lymph node metastases remain prognostic in PDAC patients after neoadjuvant treatment. Among N0 patients, a cutoff of 22 ELN was associated with improved RFS and resulted in optimal nodal staging.
Geriatric Trauma in a High‐Volume Trauma Centre in Cape Town: How Do We Compare?
Authors: Breedt Danyca Shadé , Steyn Elmin
Published: January 2022

Background

Little is known about the injury profile of older persons from low‐and‐middle‐income countries, such as South Africa, where violence is prevalent. This study aimed to identify common mechanisms of injury (MOI), severity, complications, and outcomes in elderly patients admitted to a referral trauma centre in Cape Town.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of all patients ≥60 years presenting at Tygerberg hospital trauma centre over an eight‐month period. Descriptive statistics were computed for all variables of interest, and the relationship between the MOI, injury severity score (ISS), complications, and outcomes were assessed.

Results

Of the total 7,635 trauma cases admitted, patients ≥60 years accounted for 4% (n = 275). The most frequent MOI was low falls (58%). Of these 11% of injuries were intentionally inflicted. Among them 35% of the patients experienced complications. The ISS was positively associated with the number of complications (p < 0.01). The mortality rate was 6.5%. An ISS of ≥10 was associated with increased mortality (p < 0.01). The number of complications was positively associated with mortality (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

In contrast to high‐income countries (HICs), the cohort of elderly patients admitted to the trauma centre made up a relatively small portion of the total admissions. Compared to HICs, intentionally inflicted injuries and preventable MOI were common in our sample, underscoring the importance of addressing causative factors. Notably, the ISS was strongly associated with the number of complications and an ISS ≥10 was associated with mortality, highlighting the utility of the ISS in identifying elderly trauma patients most at risk of negative outcomes.
Work changes and employee age, maladaptive coping expectations, and well-being: a Swedish cohort study
Authors: Van Vianen Annelies E. M. , Van Laethem Michelle , Leineweber Constanze , Westerlund Hugo
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Older workers are expected to suffer more from work changes than younger ones, but empirical evidence is lacking. Negative responses to work changes may result rather from maladaptive coping expectations. This study examined possible age differences in job and life satisfaction, and sleep disturbances, after work changes (voluntary and involuntary job changes, reorganizations) and the moderating role of maladaptive coping expectations.

Methods

Four biennial waves from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) including respondents who participated in all four waves (n = 3084). We used multilevel path analyses to estimate direct and moderated relationships between work changes and outcomes.

Results

Involuntary job changes were associated with lower job and life satisfaction and more sleep disturbances. Reorganizations were only associated with lower job satisfaction. Older employees were more satisfied with their jobs and lives than younger employees and experienced more sleep disturbances. After involuntary job changes, older employees had similar (lower) levels of well-being as younger ones, but they reported more sleep disturbances when having experienced reorganizations. Maladaptive coping expectations were related to lower job and life satisfaction and more sleep disturbances. Employees with maladaptive coping expectations reported more sleep disturbances after involuntary job changes and reorganizations.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that there are few age differences in well-being after work changes. Employee well-being seems to mostly depend on maladaptive coping expectations. Organizations aiming to prepare employees for job changes and reorganizations could focus their efforts on employees with maladaptive expectations rather than on older ones.