bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Perspectives on Children’s Digital Opportunities: An Emerging Research and Policy Agenda
Authors: Livingstone Sonia , Lemish Dafna , Lim Sun Sun , Bulger Monica , Cabello Patricio , Claro Magdalena , Cabello-Hutt Tania , Khalil Joe , Kumpulainen Kristiina , Nayar Usha S. , Nayar Priya , Park Jonghwi , Tan Maria Melizza , Prinsloo Jeanne , Wei Bu
Published: November 2017

Diverse international perspectives show that children can benefit greatly from digital opportunities. Despite widespread optimism about the potential of digital technologies, especially for information and education, the research reveals an insufficient evidence base to guide policy and practice across all continents of the world, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Beyond revealing pressing and sizeable gaps in knowledge, this cross-national review also reveals the importance of understanding local values and practices regarding the use of technologies. This leads us to stress that future researchers must take into account local contexts and existing inequalities and must share best practices internationally so that children can navigate the balance between risks and opportunities. This article documents the particular irony that while the world’s poorer countries look to research to find ways to increase access and accelerate the fair distribution of digital educational resources, the world’s wealthier countries look to research for guidance in managing excessive screen time, heavily commercial content, and technologies that intrude on autonomy and privacy. We conclude by recommending that digital divides should be carefully bridged with contextual sensitivity to avoid exacerbating existing disparities; that the provision of technological resources is complemented by a focus on skills enhancement, for teachers as well as students; that a keen eye is needed to ensure the balance of children’s protection and participation rights, with protection now including data abuses as well as safety considerations; and that we forge collaborations among all stakeholders in seeking to enhance children’s digital opportunities worldwide.
LAS VÍCTIMAS, LA MEMORIA Y EL DUELO: EL ARTE CONTEMPORÁNEO EN EL ESCENARIO DEL POSTACUERDO
Authors: Rubiano Elkin
Published: October 2017

En Colombia, históricamente la relación entre arte y violencia ha sido muy cercana. No obstante, se pueden encontrar algunas transformaciones en esta relación. Durante la última década los discursos sobre la memoria, las víctimas, el duelo, entre otros, han permeado las prácticas artísticas. Por otro lado, La Ley de Víctimas, el Museo Nacional de la Memoria y el Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera, buscan en el arte respuestas para dar cuenta de la reparación simbólica y la construcción de la memoria histórica. En este documento se hace un análisis detallado sobre una “acción de duelo” realizada por la artista Doris Salcedo en la Plaza de Bolívar de Bogotá. Esta acción articuló muchos de los problemas en torno a la relación entre el arte, la memoria, las víctimas y el duelo, de modo que permite pensar el papel que jugarán distintas formas de simbolización de la violencia en el escenario del Postacuerdo.
INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN DEL CONFLICTO, DEL ACUERDO Y DEL POSTACUERDO. EVOLUCIÓN, CONTINUIDADES Y RUPTURAS DE UNA ESTRATEGIA
Authors: Rodríguez Pinzón Erika M.
Published: October 2017

Este artículo se basa en el análisis del discurso gubernamental y en especial de la forma en la que se articuló y evolucionó la internacionalización del conflicto armado como una estrategia de política exterior. Este trabajo se articula desde el enfoque posestructuralista y bebe también de las teorías críticas de los estudios internacionales, pero en especial rescata un concepto: la “internacionalización” que pareciera haber caído en desuso a pesar de su validez para comprender la evolución de la política exterior y el carácter interméstico de la construcción del discurso político. El análisis crítico que se plantea proporciona evidencia sobre las continuidades y rupturas en la articulación narrativa de la estrategia y en especial intenta plantear aquellos los temas en los cuales el paso hacia el postconflicto puede requerir una readaptación del discurso.
ESTADOS DE EXCEPCIÓN Y DEMOCRACIA LIBERAL EN AMÉRICA DEL SUR: ARGENTINA, CHILE Y COLOMBIA (1930-1990)
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez Michael
Published: October 2017

Jorge González Jácome (2015). Estados de excepción y democracia liberal en América del Sur: Argentina, Chile y Colombia (1930-1990). Bogotá: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colección Fronteras del Derecho. 376 p.Esta reseña fue elaborada con el auspicio de la Convocatoria Nacional de Proyectos para el fortalecimiento de la Investigación, Creación e Innovación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2016-2018.
UNA TEORÍA SOCIO-MORFOLÓGICA DEL POPULISMO: EL CASO DEL URIBISMO, 2002-2010
Authors: Kajsiu Blendi
Published: October 2017

Este artículo desarrolla una teoría del populismo que combina el análisis morfológico de las ideologías de Michael Freeden (1996) con el análisis sociológico del populismo como proyecto político desarrollado por Jansen (2011). A pesar de sus aportes ninguna de estas dos perspectivas es suficiente por sí sola para identificar el fenómeno  populista en su totalidad. Por lo tanto, la combinación de estas dos perspectivas ofrece el mejor marco teórico para identificar el populismo como fenómeno político. Para mostrar las ventajas de una perspectiva sociomorfológica el artículo analiza el Uribismo (2002-2010) desde dicha perspectiva y muestra que no se trata de un proyecto populista ni en su discurso, ni en la movilización social que produjo.
Investigating the effects of speech rate and accent on simultaneous interpretation: A mixed-methods approach
Authors: Han Chao , Riazi Mehdi
Published: October 2017

The issue addressed in this study is effects of speakers’ fast speech rate (FSR) and strong accent (StrA) on simultaneous interpretation (SI) quality. Although it is perceived that FSR and StrA negatively affect overall SI quality, such effects have been mostly derived from small-sample quantitative studies and have not been consistently borne out by empirical evidence. The present mixed-methods study therefore draws upon a sample of 32 professional interpreters to shed both quantitative and qualitative insights into the issue. In particular, a parallel mixed design was used in Phase I of the study to explore the effects of FSR and StrA on three measures of SI performance (i.e., fidelity, fluency and expression), followed by Phase II where data quantitizing was performed to verify an emerging finding from Phase I. Overall, FSR produced differential effects on the three measures, while StrA exerted a consistent detrimental effect across the measures.
Decision-making and alternative translation solutions in the literary translation process: A case study
Authors: Borg Claudine
Published: October 2017

This paper explores decision-making in literary translation focusing in particular on written alternative translation solutions (ATSs) and their role in the translation process. Drawing on psychological research on decision-making and translation process research, it investigates why an experienced translator produces various written ATSs in Draft 1 and how he chooses among the various possible solutions during the subsequent phases of the translation process. The investigation is carried out at the translator’s workplace who is studied as he self-revises a literary translation from French into Maltese. Data collected through think-aloud, translator observation and analysis of drafts pertaining to decision-making processes behind four sets of written ATSs concerning a similar lexical item are analysed and discussed. Results indicate that the translator produces written ATSs for strategic reasons.
The impact of the council direcitve 86/278/EECon the treatment and usage of sewage sludge in Latvia
Authors: Bendere Ruta , Arina Dace
Published: October 2017

The article provides the results of the project - assessment of sludge treatment technologies used in world's practice and detection of the most optimal option as solution for waste water sludge treatment in Latvia taking in account generated sludge quantities, humidity, pollution type and their concentration. There were investigated sludge properties and detected the price of such treatment methods as sludge prolonged storage, composting, mesophilic anaerobic treatment and usage for energy plants growing. It was stated that composting is comparatively cheap and safe method, limiting hazardous pathogens if it is realized as open windrows during summer. To improve existing situation of sewage sludge treatment and use which is similar in all Baltic republics, and taking into account the climate conditions in Baltic, were elaborated recommendations for accomplishing the proposal of new EC Directive. It was recommended to include the biological tests and their results as obligatory requirement in the certification of sludge as fertilizer and accept as obligatory action sludge hygienic treatment before its usage for growing food products and selling for manual spreading. On the bases of the real situation in Latvia - to remove the sludge long-term storage method from the list of recommended treatment methods and introduce new recommendations for sludge usage as fertilizer in energy plant growing.
Landfill In-Situ Aeration Process and Technology
Authors: Raga Roberto , Cossu Raffaello
Published: October 2017

In situ aeration of landfills enables the aerobic degradation process to develop in the landfill with the subsequent reduction of the emission potential in a much shorter time than under anaerobic conditions. Moreover, in situ aeration is particularly recommended as landfill pre-treatment before landfill mining activities. Preliminary investigations are required, to be carried out on the landfill by means of a pilot scale plant, in order to acquire the relevant information for the design of a full scale in situ aeration plant. Some results are presented below, obtained during preliminary investigations carried out on a municipal solid waste landfill in a mountain area in northern Italy, aimed at the application of in situ aeration in view of landfill mining.
Environmental Observations of Solid Waste Management at High Altitude in Nepal: Case Study Along Trekking Route in Sagarmatha National Park
Authors: Manandhar Dinesh Raj , Hansson Henrik , Svensson Henric , Hogland William , Mårtensson Lennart , Mathiasson Lennart , Khanal Sanjay N
Published: October 2017

The increasing quantity of solid waste is one of the serious environmental problems in Sagarmatha National Park trekking route. Tourists, trekkers and mountaineers litter the route with plastics, cans, bottles, papers etc. on trails. The lodges, hotels and restaurants also do not have better solutions. The trekking routes from Lukla to Everest Base Camp are littered by more than 30,000 visitors coming to the region within a year. The main reason is due to the concentration of the studies of solid waste mainly in urban areas, lack of environmental awareness and public as well as local participation, lack of understanding of the complex mountain ecosystem and negligence of long term impact to tourism industry.´There have been various initiatives and researches carried out by Sagarmatha National Park (SNP), Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee (SPCC), Nepal Mountaineering Association (NMA), Ev-K2-CNR and various other agencies including NGOs despite which the situation still remains to be resolved and demand further improvement. This paper describes the observations study on SWM carried out during the trekking by Nepalese and Swedish researchers in April 2010 and recommendations drawn out from the study. The issues raised and the problems identified during the study would need to be properly addressed, which would be instrumental in finding way forward and augment the planning of the daunting tasks of Solid Waste Management in the region.
A Case Study of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Nepal Compared to the Situation in the European Union and Sweden
Authors: Larsson Gustav , Sahlén Jakob , Mårtensson Lennart , Khanal Sanjay Nath
Published: October 2017

Nepal, situated in the Himalayan belt has a rapidly growing population together with high urbanisation rate. These factors are currently causing problems connected to municipal solid waste (MSW). E.g. leakage of hazardous substances to soil and surrounding aquatic systems, spread of odour and naturally unfamiliar materials to natural biotopes, all of which generate environmental damage and health problems. There are certain differences in waste generation and waste composition between urban areas of Nepal. In order to retrieve a broad picture of the current waste management situation, three population differentiated municipalities in different areas of the country were investigated. Studies of the MSW regarding composition and generation were conducted. Moreover, waste management in Nepal was compared with the basic waste management in the European Union (EU) and Sweden. Landfill sites (LFS) in Ghorahi Municipality, Pokhara Sub-metropolitan City and Kathmandu Metropolitan City were studied. Our studies show differences in waste composition, generation and management between the three locations. The differences are somewhat interconnected with population size and tourism. Cities with higher population and more tourism tend to have a higher generation and more diverse MSW. Nevertheless, the urban areas of Nepal are very much in need of a more structured waste management system, a system more alike the waste management of EU. Apart from structural problems, there are attitude and behavioural issues that needs to be dealt with. Further studies regarding social patterns, attitude and behaviour, as well as the economic flow of MSW, needs to be conducted in order to retrieve an even broader picture and understand important underlying issues.
Waste Management Systems’ Impact on Health and Environment in Developing Countries
Authors: Abarca Guerrero L. , Rudin Valverde V. , Maas Ger
Published: October 2017

There is a large body of literature produced in developed countries on the potential adverse health effects of different waste management options but hardly studied in developing countries. On the contrary, the relations between economic issues and the impact of waste management systems on the environment have been studied by different scholars from developing countries. This paper aims to explain associations between some parameters that describe waste management systems at a city level and country parameters in relation to public health and environmental pollution in developing countries. This work reviews waste management systems from more than thirty urban areas in 22 developing countries in 4 continents It describes partly their waste management as answers to 122 questions that include information of public sources and general country characteristics. A combination of methods was used in order to assess the impact of waste management system on health and the environment. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic methods in order to draw conclusions. The outcomes were unable to provide convincing evidence of an association of waste management and the impact on health. On the contrary, the results show that some of the waste management practices have a negative influence in the environment. The study didn’t consider epidemiological evidences concerning public health, economy and pollution of the studied cities due to nonexistence or unreliable reliable information. Instead, data on country performance indicators for public health (perinatal mortality, adult mortality, life expectancy at birth and healthy life expectancy, an economic indicator (Gross Domestic Product/capita) and environmental indicators (ecological footprint / capita and  CO2-emission/capita were used. In addition, some other country characterization parameters were chosen (persons/km2, % urban population).
Modeling and cost estimation of energy production from sludge
Authors: Alavian Arsalan , Sarrafzadeh Mohammad-Hossein , Sotudeh-Gharebagh Rahmat
Published: October 2017

Energy recovery from sewage sludge offers an opportunity for sustainable management of sewage sludge and energy. Anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis are among the most promising processes applicable for sewage sludge-to-energy conversion. Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge forms methane-rich biogas, which can be utilized as fuel to offset heat and electricity consumption of the wastewater treatment sector. However, the digestion process has the efficiency limitation since it cannot sufficiently extract the energy from sewage sludge. The digested sludge is still energy profitable and it contains considerable organic matter, but poor in biodegradability. This paper presents a brief overview of anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and the combination of other processes with anaerobic digestion in the application to bio energy production from sewage sludge. An assessment of energy conversion of five sludge to energy pathways is also presented. The pathways via pyrolysis and the combination of anaerobic digestion, thermal hydrolysis, and thermal drying could achieve higher energy efficiency compared to other pathways.
Enhancement of amperometric response of glucose biosensor by electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles onto chitosan-modified electrode
Authors: Zare Hossein , Najafpour Ghasem , Jahanshahi Mohsen , Rahimnejad Mostafa , Rezvani Mohsen
Published: October 2017

A highly sensitive biosensor based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was fabricated for glucose detection in aqueous phase. Firstly, a platinum (Pt) electrode was modified with the mixture of glucose oxidase and chitosan. AgNPs were electrodeposited into the modified electrode by single pulse potentiostatic method at –0.4 V. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The fabricated biosensor had a high sensitivity of 58.6 μA mM−1 cm−2 and detection limit of 4.4 μM glucose at a signal to noise ratio of 3. In addition, the biosensor showed a short response time less than 5 s and a wide linear range of 0.05-11.5 mM. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) was found to be 9.14 mM. In addition, thermal stability and anti-interference ability of the biosensor were investigated. The results demonstrated that AgNPs enhanced the analytical performance of the biosensor.
Metal speciation in soil at a contaminated glassworks site in southeastern Sweden
Authors: Augustsson Anna
Published: October 2017

Risk assessments of metal contaminated land are often based on total metal concentrations of the soil material, although it is well known that the potential for leaching is determined by the fractionation between labile metal forms and forms that are not to be assessed as geochemically active. In the present study, a 4-step sequential leaching procedure was applied to solid material from five subareas of a glass waste site in southeastern Sweden (including, for example, landfill areas and natural till material). The aim was to assess whether the major fraction of the total Cd and Pb content should be considered labile (easily mobilizable) or relatively stably sorbed, which is a question that is motivated by the fact that previous site-specific investigations have shown strongly elevated metal concentrations in soil, but very little impact on local groundwater. Although the total metal concentrations as well as the amount of visable glass particles differed between the subareas, the fractions extracted in the different steps of the sequential leach were similar for all areas. Only a minor part of the total content of both Cd and Pb was released in the final strong acid residual leach (9-19 %), which indicates that there has been a significant release of metal ions from the glass waste material in the past, followed by a transition to secondary phases. Of the two metals, Cd was assessed to be the most labile one. The first extraction, targeting the exchangeable and carbonate bound fraction, released 43-59 % of the total Cd content. So, although the relatively small effect seen on groundwater quality indicates an effective retention of these metal cations by the soil solid matrix, the relatively high fraction of potentially mobile forms highlights the need of further assessments of the stability in major retention mechanisms.
Public perception of risks associated with contaminated glassworks sites in south-eastern Sweden
Authors: Filipsson Monika , Augustsson Anna , Nyholm Sofia
Published: October 2017

Glass has been produced for centuries in Kalmar and Kronoberg Counties in south-eastern Sweden. This industry has lead to severe soil contaminations, particularly due to the historical use of lead, cadmium and arsenic. People may be exposed to heavy metals for example via direct soil contact or consumption of locally produced food. The residents’ risk perception was investigated in this study. Do the public perceive a high risk for their own health, for future generations or for the environment, and are they worried? Is there a difference if you live close to the glass factory? Is there a desire for more information about possible risks? With the aim to answer these questions, a questionnaire was sent to 599 individuals in Kalmar and Kronoberg counties. In order to reach people living close to glassworks, half of the questionnaires were sent to randomly selected individuals in four small communities with glassworks and the other half to randomly selected individuals in the two counties. Two groups were compared, one with respondents living 1 km or closer and one living 1 km or more away from a glassworks. The results showed that the respondents were more concerned about risks for the environment than their health. People living close to the glassworks were more worried and perceived a higher risk for the environment, the health and for future generations compared to people living more than 1 km away from glassworks. There was no difference in trust in authorities or consultancies that work with risk assessments, but people that lived close to the glassworks were somewhat keener on having more information about possible risks. About half of the respondents in this group wanted more information about risks, which indicate that there may be a need for an improved risk communication and exchange of information between authorities, researchers and the public.
Power of solid municipal waste
Authors: Mykhaylenko Valeriy , Denafas Gintaras
Published: October 2017

Land pollution belongs to the most serious environmental problems in Ukraine. The existing system of placing municipal solid waste (MSW) on landfills without proper pre-treatment based on ideas of the 1970s still dominates. Natural landscapes of Ukraine are largely destroyed due to legal and illegal landfills that exceed the space of all National parks and natural reserves. Currently Ukraine is going through massive social and political changes that allow modernization of the country on the basis of the fundamental trends of the sustainable development (SD). Waste management is a subject of particular attention. There is risk to give preference to outwardly attractive economic development, without regard to the unified, holistic models of the SD concept.Landscape ecology is one of the sciences that explore complex issues of interaction between society, economy and environment. It has to be effective in producing appropriate knowledge for landscape-development processes and would be suitable for use in collaborative decision-making on a local level.The purpose of this publication is to highlight opportunities for applied research in the area of MSW management which is the most problematic area in social and environmental measures. This is a subject for international environmental cooperation aimed at ensuring proper quality of Ukrainian landscapes as the country is seeking to be part of Western Europe. This paper presents local feasibility plan aimed at resolving problem of handling municipal waste flows and improving quality of urban landscapes. It is also aimed to show how significant the role of university has been in supporting the Triple Helix model, a driving force of MSW management on the local level.
Creating, Providing, and Performing Space
Authors: Viega Michael
Published: November 2017

This special edition of Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy is dedicated to the glorious blurred boundaries of art, research, and performance. There is an array of traditional scholarship, aesthetic texts, digital media projects, critical self-reflection, cultural exploration, and social critique. I have experienced pain, joy, connection, disconnection, longing, sadness, anger, and beauty within all of the work presented here. As you engage these works of art, you may experience some of the same feelings, or you might walk away with completely different perceptions. It is our collective and collaborative heuristic experience with the artwork contained herein that will shine a spectrum of color onto the complex and daunting social issues addressed by these artists, scholars, researchers, and wonderful human beings.
Perineural spread of malignant head and neck tumors: review of the literature and analysis of cases treated at a teaching hospital
Authors: Moreira Mauro César Silveira , Santos Antonio Carlos dos , Cintra Murilo Bicudo
Published: November 2017

Abstract Perineural tumor spread refers to the migration of tumor cells along nerve tissues. It worsens the prognosis, increases the recurrence rate, and diminishes 5-year survival by up to 30%. It is an important finding on imaging tests employed in the staging of patients with head and neck cancers, because it cannot be assessed by the surgeon alone. Nevertheless, it is frequently overlooked. In this study, we reviewed the literature regarding the imaging and pathophysiological aspects of this type of dissemination. We also analyzed ten imaging tests, obtained from a teaching hospital in Brazil, in which there were radiological signs of perineural tumor spread.
Can diffusion-weighted imaging add information in the evaluation of breast lesions considered suspicious on magnetic resonance imaging?
Authors: Guatelli Camila Souza , Bitencourt Almir Galvão Vieira , Osório Cynthia Aparecida Bueno de Toledo , Graziano Luciana , Castro Alessandra Araújo de , Souza Juliana Alves de , Marques Elvira Ferreira , Chojniak Rubens
Published: November 2017

Abstract Objective: To assess the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the evaluation of breast lesions classified as suspicious on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), correlating the findings with the results of the histological analysis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study based on a review of the medical records of 215 patients who were submitted to MRI with DWI before undergoing biopsy at a cancer center. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated for each lesion, and the result of the histological analysis was considered the gold standard. Results: The mean age was 49 years. We identified 252 lesions, 161 (63.9%) of which were found to be malignant in the histological analysis. The mean ADC value was higher for the benign lesions than for the malignant lesions (1.50 × 10–3 mm2/s vs. 0.97 × 10−3 mm2/s), the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). The ADC cut-off point with the greatest sensitivity and specificity on the receiver operating characteristic curve was 1.03 × 10−3 mm2/s. When the DWI and conventional MRI findings were combined, the accuracy reached 95.9%, with a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 96.4%. Conclusion: The use of DWI could facilitate the characterization of breast lesions, especially those classified as BI-RADS 4, increasing the specificity and diagnostic accuracy of MRI.
ASCESE E GAIA CIÊNCIA NA "GENEALOGIA DA MORAL" DE NIETZSCHE
Authors: Heit Helmut
Published: October 2017

RESUMO Neste artigo argumento que Nietzsche desenvolve a ideia de uma gaia ciência, que afirma a vida, como um possível resultado de uma história cultural do ascetismo e da sublimação. As seções finais da "Genealogia da moral" introduzem uma distinção entre ciência normal e idealista e discutem suas respectivas relações com o ascetismo. A prática do trabalho científico normal e a busca idealista pela verdade revelam, ambas, a falta de ideais autônomos. Uma análise de sua compreensão do conhecimento hipotética e instrumentalista mostra (contra Charles Larmore) que a discussão nietzscheana da verdade não é autorrrefutável. Nietzsche não é um inimigo da ciência, mas afirma uma posição privilegiada para a filosofia na hierarquia das disciplinas em um amplo contexto de emancipação cultural.
Características e fatores associados à hospitalização nos primeiros anos de vida: coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas de 2004, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Silva Vera Lucia Schmidt da , França Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de , Santos Iná S. , Barros Fernando C. , Matijasevich Alícia
Published: November 2017

Resumo: A hospitalização é um evento frequente nos primeiros anos de vida. No Brasil, a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios de 2008 registrou uma taxa de hospitalização de 9% entre crianças menores de quatro anos. O estudo objetivou descrever as características da hospitalização nos seis primeiros anos de vida e analisar os fatores precoces associados à hospitalização em uma coorte de nascimentos no sul do Brasil. Foi usado o modelo de Poisson Inflacionado de Zeros para examinar os efeitos de covariáveis simultaneamente para a ocorrência ou não de algum evento e para a contagem de eventos. A frequência de pelo menos um episódio de hospitalização no período foi de 33,4% (IC95%: 31,8-34,9), sendo mais elevada durante o primeiro ano (19,1%; IC95%: 17,9-20,4), permanecendo estável em aproximadamente 10% entre o primeiro e o quarto anos, reduzindo para 8,4% (IC95%: 7,6-9,4) entre os quatro e seis anos. As doenças do aparelho respiratório estiveram entre as principais causas de hospitalização, seguidas pelas doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. A história de hospitalização prévia foi um dos preditores mais importantes para a chance de hospitalização e para o risco de múltiplas hospitalizações. Nos primeiros anos de vida o peso ao nascer, idade gestacional, Apgar, sexo e tipo de gestação mostraram-se inversamente associados à hospitalização, e as características ambientais como fumo materno na gestação, cor da mãe e baixa renda familiar apresentaram associação com o número de hospitalizações. Os resultados apontam para a importância em destinar esforços para a redução das hospitalizações por doenças do aparelho respiratório principalmente em crianças menores de um ano.
Representações sociais de pobreza construídas pelos cursistas da Especialização Educação, Pobreza e Desigualdade Social realizada no Rio Grande do Norte: primeiros resultados
Authors: Silva Eliana Andrade da , Viveiros Kilza Fernanda Moreira de
Published: October 2017

RESUMO As representações sociais são uma modalidade de conhecimento produzido pelo senso comum que têm por função precípua a elaboração de comportamentos e a comunicação entre os indivíduos. Toda representação social é a leitura particular de um objeto, realizada por um sujeito (individual ou coletivo), a partir das crenças, valores e informações que compartilha na cultura na qual se situa. Apoiando-se nessa teoria, a presente pesquisa buscou identificar e conhecer a estrutura da representação social ou das representações sociais sobre o objeto simbólico “pobreza”, construídas pelos cursistas da Especialização em Educação, Pobreza e Desigualdade Social no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O universo da pesquisa foi composto por 301 estudantes que responderam a um questionário de livre associação de palavras, cujos dados foram analisados com o apoio do software EVOC. Com base na abordagem do núcleo central das representações sociais, de Jean-Claude Abric, foi possível identificar a estrutura dos conteúdos representacionais compartilhados pelos sujeitos investigados. Nessa estrutura, encontra-se um sistema central composto pelos elementos “desigualdade” e “exclusão” e um periférico, composto por falta, fome, miséria, necessidade. Os resultados indicam a existência de duas representações sociais: uma de caráter ideológico, que enfatiza os aspectos macroeconômicos e políticos ou o papel da educação na produção do fenômeno, e outra que considera a pobreza como parte da realidade social, portanto, sem críticas de caráter econômico ou político.
Equipos multiprofesionales-multidisciplinares en el ámbito educativo - legislación comparada y regulación de políticas educacionales en Argentina y Brasil
Authors: Yannoulas Silvia Cristina , Girolami Mónica
Published: October 2017

RESUMEN Las demandas al servicio/trabajo social por parte de las instituciones educacionales en Argentina y Brasil están asociadas al proceso histórico de establecimiento de la obligatoriedad escolar y la universalización del derecho a la educación. Esa obligatoriedad fue legislada por primera vez en 1884 en la Argentina a través de la Ley nº 1.420 y en la Constitución Federal de 1934 en el Brasil, donde encontró mayores dificultades para ser institucionalizada debido a la histórica fuerza descentralizadora1. A pesar de ello y con base en la revisión de literatura realizada, se puede observar que en ambos países hubo una serie de etapas más o menos definidas en la relación entre la obligatoriedad escolar, la universalización de la educación básica, la situación de pobreza del alumnado y la institucionalización de servicios/trabajos sociales en el sistema educativo: etapa higienista, desarrollista, autoritaria y democratizadora/neoliberal.
Uma análise das práticas de Responsabilidade Social e Sustentabilidade como estratégias de empresas industriais do setor moveleiro: um estudo de caso
Authors: Mello Mario Fernando de , Mello Arthur Zago de
Published: October 2017

Resumo Transformações na realidade mundial indicam a necessidade de uma consciência empresarial responsável no processo de desenvolvimento e passam a exigir, dos gestores, atitudes e práticas que contemplem a responsabilidade social e a sustentabilidade. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as práticas e a relação entre a gestão da responsabilidade social, a sustentabilidade e as estratégias de empresas industriais do setor moveleiro. A característica do estudo realizado é uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso e de natureza descritiva, com entrevistas semiestruturadas. A concretização empírica da pesquisa qualitativa deu-se em duas empresas industriais do setor moveleiro localizadas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram a importância da responsabilidade social e da sustentabilidade, uma vez que os temas fazem parte dos valores das empresas. Como desafios internos, ficaram evidenciadas barreiras internas para a implantação da sustentabilidade; evidenciou-se ainda, que a sustentabilidade e a responsabilidade social não fazem parte das estratégias essenciais do negócio, mas constituem, sim estratégias complementares. Como desafios externos, de modo geral, foi possível verificar que as empresas envolvem fornecedores, consumidores e comunidade com algum tipo de ação, visando ao entendimento das questões de responsabilidade social e sustentabilidade. Os dados coletados e analisados permitiram identificar que as empresas dão importância a sustentabilidade e responsabilidade social, e que suas práticas contribuem positivamente para o desempenho econômico e social das organizações.
O trem e os andrajos
Authors: Pinheiro Mariana Quadros
Published: October 2017

Resumo Este trabalho é parte dos esforços de revisão da permanência da tradição no modernismo brasileiro e, mais especificamente, na poesia de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Para tanto, recorreremos à correspondência do autor e analisaremos um poema de Alguma poesia, “Sabará”. O recorte justifica-se por esse poema nos permitir compreender as primeiras reflexões do autor sobre o patrimônio nacional quando do surgimento de sua obra moderna. Já aí se revela uma especificidade do poeta no que se refere ao tema: o gozo da destruição, que se tornaria fundamental na obra drummondiana, estende-se para o prazer com a contemplação dos andrajos da cidade colonial. Entre a tradição e sua ruína, a escrita de Carlos Drummond de Andrade realiza uma leitura original da história da modernização brasileira. Permite, pois, ao crítico iluminar as relações entre modernismo brasileiro e a escrita da história do Brasil.
A farsa do vilão arrependido: François Villon e o teatro burlesco medieval na França
Authors: Costa Daniel Padilha Pacheco da
Published: October 2017

Resumo A imagem contemporânea de François Villon remonta ao final do século XIX, quando o poeta medieval foi considerado pela historiografia literária o criador do lirismo moderno na França. No entanto, há diversas evidências de que os testamentos de Villon pertencessem ao gênero do teatro burlesco medieval chamado de “monólogo dramático”. Essas evidências são de três tipos: as evidências materiais, como a história da transmissão de seus manuscritos e edições juntamente com outros dramas burlescos; as evidências textuais, como os recursos dramáticos utilizados pelo monólogo; e as evidências históricas, como a sua imitação por diversas composições burlescas da época, bem como a unanimidade dos testemunhos e anedotas se referindo a Villon como um “farseur”. Mas como um testamento poderia ser encenado por um ator, se é um gênero escrito por definição? Defende-se que, ao vestir a máscara da personagem do testador morto, o ator transmite as palavras enunciadas do além pelo espectro do vilão arrependido. Dessa perspectiva, a farsa do vilão arrependido (encenada nesse monólogo dramático) parodia as formas poéticas do testamento amoroso da época por um lado, e a estrutura narrativa das Sagradas Escrituras por outro.
Michelet, teórico do romance
Authors: Teixeira Maria Juliana Gambogi
Published: October 2017

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as bases para o entendimento teórico-crítico do romance dentro da obra de Jules Michelet (1798-1874). A hipótese de fundo é a existência de uma teoria do romance em Michelet, teoria essa que ajudaria a explicar a relação ambivalente que o historiador sempre manteve com o gênero, feita de atração e recusa categórica. Para tanto, o artigo explora, em primeiro lugar, o arcabouço teórico próprio à obra desse historiador, com especial atenção para o seu entendimento do poético, inspirado na obra do filósofo Giambattista Vico. Tendo essa revisão como base, empreende-se uma primeira tentativa de sistematização de sua apreensão crítica do romance, tal qual ela aparece, em particular, no título La Bible de l’Humanité (1864).
DEMANDAS FÍSICAS SÃO INFLUENCIADAS PELO ESTATUTO POSICIONAL EM PEQUENOS JOGOS DE FUTEBOL?
Authors: Praça Gibson Moreira , Custódio Igor Júnio de Oliveira , Silva Marcelo Vilhena , Andrade André Gustavo Pereira de , Greco Pablo Juan
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Introdução: Pequenos jogos são utilizados no treinamento de jogadores de futebol porque replicam as demandas técnicas, táticas, físicas e fisiológicas num contexto semelhante ao do jogo. Contudo, não se sabe se esse modo de treinamento é suficiente para demandar as especificidades observadas no jogo com relação ao estatuto posicional. Objetivo: Comparar a demanda física de defensores, meio-campistas e atacantes durante a realização de pequenos jogos de futebol. Métodos: Dezoito jovens jogadores de futebol (16,4 anos) participaram do estudo, divididos em seis equipes compostas por um defensor, um meio-campista e um atacante. Realizaram-se seis sessões de coleta de dados constituídas por duas séries de quatro minutos com quatro minutos de pausa passiva. Utilizou-se equipamento de GPS de 15 Hz para coleta das informações. Os dados foram analisados por meio da ANOVA One-way e teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância em 5%. Resultados: Observou-se diferença significativa na demanda física de jogadores de diferentes estatutos posicionais. Meio-campistas percorreram maior percentual da distância em velocidades superiores, enquanto defensores apresentaram distância total reduzida, aumento da distância na velocidade inferior e redução na realização de ações de aceleração. Conclusão: Demandas físicas variam durante a realização de pequenos jogos em função do estatuto posicional.
ODONTOLOGIA NO ESPORTE: CONHECIMENTO E HÁBITOS DE ATLETAS DO FUTEBOL E BASQUETEBOL SOBRE SAÚDE BUCAL
Authors: Alves Daniela Cristina Barbosa , Anjos Vinicius Duarte Lourenço dos , Giovannini José Flávio Batista Gabrich , Lima Rafael Paschoal Esteves , Mendonça Santuza Maria Souza
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Introdução: A saúde bucal é parte integrante da saúde sistêmica e é necessária para o bom rendimento físico. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como propósito avaliar e comparar o grau de conhecimento, atitudes e hábitos de atletas do gênero masculino, confederados do futebol e basquetebol, sobre a interrelação de saúde bucal e esporte. Métodos: Elaborou-se um questionário semiestruturado, composto por dezesseis questões objetivas e uma questão dissertativa, que foi respondido por 42 atletas do futebol e 40 atletas do basquetebol. Os esportistas foram questionados sobre seus conhecimentos a respeito do uso de protetores bucais na prática esportiva, interferências das alterações bucais no rendimento esportivo, utilização de medicamentos com finalidade odontológica e doping. Foram também questionados sobre o histórico de trauma durante a prática esportiva, uso de protetores bucais, suplementos, consumo de isotônicos ou energéticos, presença de alteração na articulação temporomandibular e participação em programa de saúde bucal no clube de origem. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos permitiram evidenciar que os atletas entrevistados não têm o conhecimento adequado sobre a influência da saúde bucal na prática esportiva, apesar de concordarem que os profissionais da odontologia contribuem para a manutenção da saúde bucal e a consequente melhoria do rendimento esportivo. Observou-se ainda, que os atletas do basquetebol relataram uma porcentagem maior de traumatismo com relação aos do futebol. A maioria dos atletas das duas modalidades relatou fazer uso de bebidas esportivas, não fazer uso de suplementos alimentares e não ser respirador bucal. Conclusão: Há necessidade de divulgação da importância da saúde bucal no meio esportivo para a manutenção da saúde sistêmica e melhora da prática esportiva.
INFLUÊNCIA DOS SALTOS VERTICAIS NA PERCEPÇÃO DA CARGA INTERNA DE TREINAMENTO NO VOLEIBOL
Authors: Horta Thiago Andrade Goulart , Bara Filho Maurício Gattás , Miranda Renato , Coimbra Danilo Reis , Werneck Francisco Zacaron
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Introdução: No voleibol, o salto vertical é considerado um elemento de extrema importância no treinamento, pois é necessário durante as ações de levantamento, saque, bloqueio e ataque, condicionando a obtenção de importantes vantagens nas ações ofensivas (ataque) e defensivas (bloqueio), elementos fundamentais para a conquista dos pontos no jogo. Objetivo: Analisar a influência do salto vertical na quantificação da carga de treinamento no voleibol por meio do método da percepção subjetiva do esforço (PSE) da sessão. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 15 atletas do sexo masculino de uma equipe de voleibol. Foi realizada a quantificação dos saltos e da PSE de 30 sessões de treinamento. Resultados: Na análise por posição, a PSE apresentou correlação positiva com o número de saltos e se mostrou mais forte nos opostos (r = 0,44; p = 0,001; n = 57), seguida pelos ponteiros (r = 0,34; p < 0,001; n = 109) e centrais (r = 0,18; p = 0,03; n = 141). Conclusão: Conclui-se que o salto vertical de ataque exerce maior influência no valor final de PSE apontado pelos atletas nas sessões de treinamento.
Klippel-Trenaunay and Parkes-Weber syndromes: two case reports
Authors: Chagas Carlos Alberto Araujo , Pires Lucas Alves Sarmento , Babinski Marcio Antonio , Leite Tulio Fabiano de Oliveira
Published: November 2017

Abstract Parkes-Weber syndrome is a congenital vascular disease that comprises capillary, venous, lymphatic, and arteriovenous malformations. Although Parkes-Weber syndrome is a clinically distinct entity with serious complications, it is still frequently misdiagnosed as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, which consists of a triad of malformations involving the capillary, venous, and lymphatic vessels, without arteriovenous fistulas. Both syndromes are generally diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound and confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography. The aim of this study is to describe one case of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, in a 36-year-old patient, and one case of Parkes-Weber syndrome, in a 21-year-old patient. We review the literature in order to discuss the possible causes and consequences of these diseases related to venous hypertension and angiodysplasia, taking a clearer approach to their differences, and discussing their treatment.
Political Preferences and Individual Choice: A Latin American's Countries Perspective
Authors: Madalozzo Regina Carla , Chebib Afonso Mariutti
Published: November 2017

Abstract Analyzing the “left” and “right” political positions of individuals is challenging because personal attributes may influence political decisions without directly causing them. This issue may be even more pronounced in Latin America, where young democracies encounter the challenge of stabilizing political choices over time. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the influence of personal attributes on political choices, focusing on the early 2000s, when the “left” turn occurred. The present study relies on the World Values Survey's fifth wave (2005-2008) to fulfil this objective. This dataset is composed of data that have been collected globally, and the questions are related to diverse subjects associated with the quality of life of individuals. From the available sample, we included all of the Latin American countries that participated in this wave: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. In this study, the aim is to directly understand the impact of these individuals own attributes on their declared self-positioning about the political leaning. To this aim, an ordered logit model was used to analyse how each variable exerts influence on the political leaning of the respondents. Our results found that political cleavages depend on demographic factors, economic factors, and individual opinions in agreement with previous studies. Increased age, religious service attendance, and satisfaction with one's financial life increase the tendency of individuals for self-positioning to the right of the political spectrum. The possession of a university degree and residence in a large city increases the likelihood of individuals of self-identifying with a leftist political position. This study contributes to the literature by analysing the influence of personal attributes on political choices. Although this research represents an important step toward understanding political leanings in Latin American countries, a significant amount of future research remains. The definitions of “left” and “right” continue to be unclear as they relate to dimensions that include democracy, autocracy, and political reform. Understanding the ways individuals set up their choices would increase the responsibility of political parties and authorities for the hidden claim the population has about their deliverables. At the same time, studies like ours may enhance the awareness of the general impression over political party choices of candidates. Finally, even with so many confounding aspects in this antagonist position, the left and the right continue to be a simple way to characterize veiled assumptions. Therefore, it may be an ambiguous form of defining choices, but this seemingly binary choice is still very significant for voters in Latin America.