bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, crystal structure and electrocatalytic behavior of a copper (II) complex derived from acylpyrazolone double Schiff bases
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Hui , Li Jin‐Zhou , Zhang Heng‐Qiang , Li Peng
Published: February 2014

A new double Schiff base complex, Cu(PMαFP)2en (HPMαFP = 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐(2‐furoyl)‐5‐pyrazolone, en = ethylenediamine), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, fluorescence spectra, thermal analysis, X‐ray single crystal diffraction and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Its crystal structure is monoclinic with space group Pbca and cell parameters: a = 22.263(3)Å, b = 13.671(2)Å, c = 10.0920(16)Å, Z = 4, S = 1.028, R1 = 0.0500 and wR2 = 0.1285. It was found that the Cu2+ ion is located in the coordination center. The Cu(II) has a slightly distorted plane quadrilateral coordination environment with two oxygen atoms and two nitrogen atoms of double Schiff base ligand in the equatorial plane. The complex has a one‐dimensional chain supramolecular structure, which is connected by CH…N bonding interactions. In the electrochemical experiments, the CV curve displays an oxidation peak in the presence of uric acid with Ep = 0.216V in pH = 7.0, showing that the Cu(PMαFP)2en/glassy carbon modified electrode has an electrocatalytic activity toward uric acid.
Crystallisation and performance characteristics of high‐temperature annealed electroless Ni‐W‐P coatings
Authors: Liu H. , Yao H. L. , Liu Y. , Thompson G.E. , Liu Z.
Published: February 2014

Electroless deposition of Ni–P based alloys is a well‐known commercial process that has numerous applications because of their excellent anticorrosive and wear properties. However, for some special occasions, like the components for gas making furnaces in chemical fertiliser industry, the coatings must be reinforced to withstand short‐term high temperatures between 600 °C and 700 °C as well as light erosive wear. Therefore, co‐deposition of high melting point metallic element, W, has been considered as a preferred choice. In the present study, two Ni–W–P alloy coatings were deposited on mild steel panels from different alkaline baths. The microstructures of the annealed coatings were characterised by quantitative XRD, XPS and SEM/EDS analysis techniques and their microhardness, friction and wear behaviour, corrosion mechanism as well as microstrain and residual stress are discussed in comparison with the as‐plated state. The results indicate that the hardness mainly depends on the volume fraction and crystallite size of Ni3P phase; the uniform corrosion in sulfuric acid solution is closely related to the ratio of INi/INi3P as well as grain size. The wear mechanism of the high‐temperature annealed coating is dominated by abrasive wear, but the wear in the early stages started from mild adhesive wear caused by adhesion between the friction couples. Electroless deposited Ni‐W‐P alloys with high phosphorus present relatively good properties, including hardness, wear and corrosion resistance when 700 °C is applied for annealing process.
SWIFT—scalable clustering for automated identification of rare cell populations in large, high‐dimensional flow cytometry datasets, Part 2: Biological evaluation
Authors: Mosmann Tim R. , Naim Iftekhar , Rebhahn Jonathan , Datta Suprakash , Cavenaugh James S. , Weaver Jason M. , Sharma Gaurav
Published: February 2014

A multistage clustering and data processing method, SWIFT (detailed in a companion manuscript), has been developed to detect rare subpopulations in large, high‐dimensional flow cytometry datasets. An iterative sampling procedure initially fits the data to multidimensional Gaussian distributions, then splitting and merging stages use a criterion of unimodality to optimize the detection of rare subpopulations, to converge on a consistent cluster number, and to describe non‐Gaussian distributions. Probabilistic assignment of cells to clusters, visualization, and manipulation of clusters by their cluster medians, facilitate application of expert knowledge using standard flow cytometry programs. The dual problems of rigorously comparing similar complex samples, and enumerating absent or very rare cell subpopulations in negative controls, were solved by assigning cells in multiple samples to a cluster template derived from a single or combined sample. Comparison of antigen‐stimulated and control human peripheral blood cell samples demonstrated that SWIFT could identify biologically significant subpopulations, such as rare cytokine‐producing influenza‐specific T cells. A sensitivity of better than one part per million was attained in very large samples. Results were highly consistent on biological replicates, yet the analysis was sensitive enough to show that multiple samples from the same subject were more similar than samples from different subjects. A companion manuscript (Part 1) details the algorithmic development of SWIFT. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Drug‐drug interaction and doping, part 2: An in vitro study on the effect of non‐prohibited drugs on the phase I metabolic profile of stanozolol
Authors: Mazzarino Monica , de la Torre Xavier , Fiacco Ilaria , Botrè Francesco
Published: February 2014

The present study was designed to provide preliminary information on the potential impact of metabolic drug‐drug interaction on the effectiveness of doping control strategies currently followed by the anti‐doping laboratories to detect the intake of prohibited agents. In vitro assays based on the use of human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 isoforms were developed and applied to characterize the phase I metabolic profile of the prohibited agent stanozolol, both in the absence and in the presence of substances (ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, cimetidine, ranitidine, and nefazodone) not included in the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) list of prohibited substances and methods and frequently administered to athletes.

The results show that the in vitro model utilized in this study is adequate to simulate the in vivo metabolism of stanozolol. Furthermore, our data showed that ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, and nefazodone caused a marked modification in the production of the metabolic products (3’‐hydroxy‐stanozolol, 4β‐hydroxy‐stanozolol and 16β‐hydroxy‐stanozolol) normally selected by the anti‐doping laboratories as target analytes to detect stanozolol intake. On the contrary, moderate variations were registered in the presence of cimetidine and no significant modifications were measured in the presence of ranitidine. This evidence confirms that the potential effect of drug‐drug interactions is duly taken into account also in anti‐doping analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Left–right asymmetry in the sea urchin
Authors: Warner Jacob F. , McClay David R.
Published: February 2014

The sea urchin is a penta‐radial marine invertebrate of the phylum Echinodermata, yet sea urchins develop initially as bilaterally symmetric embryos and become penta‐radial secondarily during development of the adult. Late in embryogenesis indirectly developing larvae produce molecular asymmetries that dictate the positioning and formation of the adult rudiment on the left side. The rudiment gives rise to the radially symmetric adult during metamorphosis. The mechanism of left–right (L–R) establishment in sea urchin involves highly conserved signaling pathways including Nodal, BMP, Notch, and perhaps Hedgehog. Thus, L–R symmetry‐breaking in the sea urchin appears to utilize a mechanism that is conserved among deuterostomes. At the same time establishment of L–R symmetry in the sea urchin deploys a number of features that are mechanistically unique. Here we review this mechanism and the uncertainties that remain. genesis 52:481–487, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting leaf traits of herbaceous species from their spectral characteristics
Authors: Roelofsen Hans D. , van Bodegom Peter M. , Kooistra Lammert , Witte Jan‐Philip M.
Published: February 2014

Trait predictions from leaf spectral properties are mainly applied to tree species, while herbaceous systems received little attention in this topic. Whether similar trait–spectrum relations can be derived for herbaceous plants that differ strongly in growing strategy and environmental constraints is therefore unknown. We used partial least squares regression to relate key traits to leaf spectra (reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance) for 35 herbaceous species, sampled from a wide range of environmental conditions. Specific Leaf Area and nutrient‐related traits (N and P content) were poorly predicted from any spectrum, although N prediction improved when expressed on a per area basis (mg/m2 leaf surface) instead of mass basis (mg/g dry matter). Leaf dry matter content was moderately to good correlated with spectra. We explain our results by the range of environmental constraints encountered by herbaceous species; both N and P limitations as well as a range of light and water availabilities occurred. This weakened the relation between the measured response traits and the leaf constituents that are truly responsible for leaf spectral behavior. Indeed, N predictions improve considering solely upper or under canopy species. Therefore, trait predictions in herbaceous systems should focus on traits relating to dry matter content and the true, underlying drivers of spectral properties.
The case for character displacement in plants
Authors: Beans Carolyn M.
Published: February 2014

The evidence for character displacement as a widespread response to competition is now building. This progress is largely the result of the establishment of rigorous criteria for demonstrating character displacement in the animal literature. There are, however, relatively few well‐supported examples of character displacement in plants. This review explores the potential for character displacement in plants by addressing the following questions: (1) Why aren't examples of character displacement in plants more common? (2) What are the requirements for character displacement to occur and how do plant populations meet those requirements? (3) What are the criteria for testing the pattern and process of character displacement and what methods can and have been used to address these criteria in the plant literature? (4) What are some additional approaches for studying character displacement in plants? While more research is needed, the few plant systems in which character displacement hypotheses have been rigorously tested suggest that character displacement may play a role in shaping plant communities. Plants are especially amenable to character displacement studies because of the experimental ease with which they can be used in common gardens, selection analyses, and breeding designs. A deeper investigation of character displacement in plants is critical for a more complete understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that permit the coexistence of plant species.
Metapopulations of endangered Maculinea butterflies are resilient to large‐scale fire
Authors: Nowicki Piotr , Marczyk Jacek , Kajzer‐Bonk Joanna
Published: February 2014

Historically, fires were frequent events in many grassland habitats and important factors shaping their biodiversity. Nowadays, although mostly prevented, they still happen occasionally. Using the occasion of an extensive fire that occurred at the floodplain meadow complex in the Vistula river valley, southern Poland, in March 2012, we investigated its impact on one of the largest European metapopulations of endangered Maculinea teleius and Maculinea nausithous butterflies. Maculinea are regarded as flagships of grassland conservation and useful indicators of insect species richness. Over 50 local populations of both butterflies, intensively monitored with catch‐per‐time‐unit method, proved to act as independent demographic units, and no spatial autocorrelation in their year‐to‐year trends was detected. The changes in butterfly abundances between summer season of 2011 and 2012 indicated absolutely no impact of fire. Although about one fifth of area was burnt, the entire metapopulations remained unaffected. The changes of 14 local populations inhabiting burnt meadows were not significantly different from those at meadows spared by the fire. Moreover, population changes in the former group were independent of the proportion of burnt area. The impact of fire was obviously minimized by its early spring timing, but in this part of Europe, grassland fires prevail in this period because of a combination of ecological and climatic factors. Together with the lack of a negative effect of flood documented in an earlier study, our findings indicate strong resilience to natural catastrophes in the investigated butterfly species. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autocrine IL‐10 promotes human B‐cell differentiation into IgM‐ or IgG‐secreting plasmablasts
Authors: Heine Guido , Drozdenko Gennadiy , Grün Joachim R. , Chang Hyun‐Dong , Radbruch Andreas , Worm Margitta
Published: February 2014

B‐cell‐derived interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is known to act in a paracrine fashion to suppress inflammation. Here, we show that IL‐10 also acts in an autocrine manner to regulate the differentiation of activated human B cells. We report that IL‐10 expression is not restricted to a dedicated B‐cell subset, but is induced transiently in peripheral human naïve, memory, and CD5+ B cells alike upon activation. Global transcriptome comparison of activated human B cells, secreting IL‐10 or not, identified 138 differentially regulated genes, most of which were associated with differentiation into antibody‐secreting cells and reflecting autocrine IL‐10 signaling. We monitored the differentiation of IL‐10‐secreting B cells and determined the effect of IL‐10‐blocking antibodies against its autocrine and paracrine signaling. IL‐10 signaling promoted the differentiation of activated IL‐10‐secreting B cells into IgM‐ or IgG‐secreting cells, but was dispensable for IgA secretion. Our data imply that B‐cell‐derived IL‐10 not only suppresses immune reactions via paracrine mechanisms, but can also contribute to the differentiation of IL‐10‐secreting B cells into IgM‐ and IgG‐secreting plasmablasts through both autocrine and paracrine signaling.
The WT hemochromatosis protein HFE inhibits CD8+ T‐lymphocyte activation
Authors: Reuben Alexandre , Phénix Mikaël , Santos Manuela M. , Lapointe Réjean
Published: February 2014

MHC class I (MHC I) antigen presentation is a ubiquitous process by which cells present endogenous proteins to CD8+ T lymphocytes during immune surveillance and response. Hereditary hemochromatosis protein, HFE, is involved in cellular iron uptake but, while structurally homologous to MHC I, is unable to bind peptides. However, increasing evidence suggests a role for HFE in the immune system. Here, we investigated the impact of HFE on CD8+ T‐lymphocyte activation. Using transient HFE transfection assays in a model of APCs, we show that WT HFE (HFEWT), but not C282Y‐mutated HFE, inhibits secretion of MIP‐1β from antigen‐specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. HFEWT expression also resulted in major decreases in CD8+ T‐lymphocyte activation as measured by 4–1BB expression. We further demonstrate that inhibition of CD8+ T‐lymphocyte activation was independent of MHC I surface levels, β2‐m competition, HFE interaction with transferrin receptor, antigen origin, or epitope affinity. Finally, we identified the α1–2 domains of HFEWT as being responsible for inhibiting CD8+ T‐lymphocyte activation. Our data imply a new role for HFEWT in altering CD8+ T‐lymphocyte reactivity, which could modulate antigen immunogenicity.
Separation and identification of lipid classes by normal phase LC‐ESI/MS/MS on a cyanopropyl column
Authors: Olsson Petter , Holmbäck Jan , Nilsson Ulrika , Herslöf Bengt
Published: February 2014

In order to establish a versatile and convenient method for the analysis of lipids, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) was applied to a HPLC separation on a cyanopropyl‐bonded stationary phase. A binary gradient mobile phase system consisting of hexane, toluene, methanol and a stable electrospray yielding sodium adduct ions could be used to generate specific product ions in MS/MS mode. By applying the LC/ESI‐MS/MS method on an egg yolk sample, 29 different molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylcholines could be detected within 25 min.
Facile Non‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Tertiary Phosphine Sulfides by Regioselective Addition of Secondary Phosphine Sulfides to Alkenes
Authors: Malysheva Svetlana F. , Gusarova Nina K. , Artem'ev Alexander V. , Belogorlova Nataliya A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Borodina Tatyana N. , Smirnov Vladimir I. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: February 2014

An atom‐economic green synthesis of tertiary phsophine sulfides has been developed based on catalyst‐ and solvent‐free addition of secondary phosphine sulfides to diverse terminal and internal alkenes (hept‐1‐ene, cyclohexene, styrenes, allyl alcohol, vinyl ethers, vinyl sulfides, vinyltrimethylsilane, 1‐vinylimidazoles, vinyl acetate). The reaction proceeds under mild conditions (80 °C, without solvent, 4–45 h) to afford chemo‐ and regioselectively the corresponding anti‐Markovnikov adducts in excellent to quantitative yields (50–99 %).
Determination of amino acids by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography laser induced fluorescence method
Authors: Lin Wei‐Cheng , Liu Wan‐Ling , Tang Wei‐Ying , Huang Chin‐Ping , Huang Hsi‐Ya , Chin Ting‐Yu
Published: February 2014

In this study, detection of 20 FITC‐derivatized amino acids using an MEEKC‐LIF was demonstrated. In order to achieve good separation for hydrophobic amino acids, the MEEKC method was employed and detection limits were obtained in the range of 0.32–2.2 nM, which is comparable to previous reports on amino acid analyses. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the reaction time from 1 h for conventional derivatization to 3 min for the microwave‐assisted derivatization was observed and achieved, as opposed to the traditional pretreatment of real sample due to its complexity prior to the analysis of amino acid content. Finally, this microwave‐assisted derivatization MEEKC‐LIF method successfully determined amino acids in beverage, food, and biological samples (rat brain) with good recovery.
Scale‐up of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell production in stirred single‐use bioreactors under low‐serum conditions
Authors: Schirmaier Carmen , Jossen Valentin , Kaiser Stephan C. , Jüngerkes Frank , Brill Silke , Safavi‐Nab Agnieszka , Siehoff Ann , van den Bos Christian , Eibl Dieter , Eibl Regine
Published: February 2014

Suspension cultures, in which human mesenchymal stem cells are cultivated on microcarriers in scalable single‐use stirred bioreactor types, have been shown to be a promising alternative to planar flask cultures. However, stirred single‐use bioreactors were originally developed for production processes with robust, permanent cell lines. Human mesenchymal stem cells are adherent primary cells and thus expanding them in such bioreactor systems imposes more stringent requirements on bioreactor systems. For low‐serum conditions (5%) and different types of stirred single‐use bioreactors, a suspension criteria‐based approach for expanding human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) from milliliter to pilot scale was successfully developed. For process scale‐up, experimental and numerical investigations were performed to (i) predict optimum impeller speeds, (ii) determine the main engineering parameters (local shear stress, turbulent dissipation rate, Kolmogorov microscale), and (iii) verify suspension criteria NS1 and NS1u for rapid process transfer from 100 mL to 2 L and 35 L cultures. Using optimized medium‐microcarrier combinations as well as NS1 and NS1u as scale‐up factors, total hASC quantities between 3 × 107 (100 mL scale) and 1 × 1010 (35 L scale) were obtained. The cell quantities obtained are the highest reported to date for scalable single‐use bioreactors under low‐serum conditions.
Epigenetic alterations induced by ambient particulate matter in mouse macrophages
Authors: Miousse Isabelle R. , Chalbot Marie‐Cécile G. , Aykin‐Burns Nükhet , Wang Xiaoying , Basnakian Alexei , Kavouras Ilias G. , Koturbash Igor
Published: February 2014

Respiratory mortality and morbidity has been associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM). Experimental evidence suggests involvement of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the development of PM‐associated pathological states; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we analyzed short‐term epigenetic response to PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) exposure in mouse ascitic RAW264.7 macrophages (BALB/C Abelson murine leukemia virus‐induced tumor). Ambient PM10 was collected using a high volume sampler in Little Rock, AR. Analysis revealed that PM10 was composed mainly of Al and Fe, and the water soluble organic fraction was dominated by aliphatic and carbohydrate fragments and minor quantities of aromatic components. Exposure to PM10 compromised the cellular epigenome at concentrations 10–200 µg/ml. Specifically, epigenetic alterations were evident as changes in the methylation and expression of repetitive element‐associated DNA and associated DNA methylation machinery. These results suggest that epigenetic alterations, in concert with cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, might contribute to the pathogenesis of PM‐associated respiratory diseases. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:428–435, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seismic response analysis of slender bridge piers
Authors: Tubaldi E. , Tassotti L. , Dall'Asta A. , Dezi L.
Published: February 2014

Many bridges are built on tall and slender piers, whose seismic response may be strongly influenced by second‐order effects and higher modes contributions related to the distributed pier mass. In bridge design practice, the second‐order effects are often taken into account by introducing amplification factors based on an oversimplified SDOF description of the pier behavior.

In this paper, the influence of both axial load and higher‐order modes on the dynamic behavior and seismic response of slender bridge piers is investigated by an analytical formulation and a continuous model that overcome some limitations of the models employed in previous studies. A dimensional analysis of the eigenvalue problem is carried out to make explicit the characteristic parameters governing the system dynamic behavior, and a parametric study is performed to study their influence on the modal properties. Further, a solving method is proposed for the seismic analysis and applied to a realistic bridge. The accuracy of the proposed model and of the kinematic assumptions, leading to a linear problem, is finally tested by comparison with the results obtained by a large displacement formulation.

The case study results put in evidence some aspects characteristic of the dynamic behavior of slender piers that require further investigation. The proposed analytical formulation may be efficiently used to perform extensive parametric studies for different pier and seismic input properties. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of channel bar form and grain size variability on estimated stranding risk of juvenile brown trout during hydropeaking
Authors: Hauer Christoph , Unfer Günther , Holzapfel Patrick , Haimann Marlene , Habersack Helmut
Published: February 2014

Hydropeaking leads to artificial fluctuations in discharge and corresponding water levels with pronounced dewatering areas between base and peak flow along gravel bars and channel banks. In the present study, 16 hydropeaking reaches in Austria were investigated to assess possible differences in the estimated stranding risk for young of the year brown trout according to different gravel bar types and differences in microtopography roughness. Based on hydrodynamic‐numerical modelling, a predictive habitat modelling approach was implemented in the study design. Accompanied by grain size sampling along the various channel bars, a conceptual stranding risk model (SRM) was developed. The results showed that a high variability in estimated stranding risk exists for the tested sites considering discharge ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:10. With respect to the discussion of establishing legal thresholds for ramping ratios in discharge, it was documented that, exemplarily, a discharge ratio base flow/peak flow of 1:5 (winter base flow conditions) could cause minor differences in the spatial extent of dewatering areas and the related estimated stranding risk for juvenile brown trout compared to a ratio of 1:2 for summer base flow conditions. Microtopographic roughness was addressed due to sampling and analysis of grain size distributions. Statistical testing of grain size distributions revealed significant differences between the surface material compositions of the investigated gravel bars. Those differences are evident, particularly for the coarser fraction (d90), which is important as cover for young of the year brown trout. These aspects of grain size in habitat use and hydraulics have been addressed in the conceptual SRM. The results showed that point bar morphology, in particular, was less sensitive to the risk of stranding compared to, for example, alternating gravel bars. Considering the multiple pressures for alpine rivers, the improvement of structural features due to bar formation and related self‐forming processes is discussed as a possible alternative for future mitigation measures to reduce the negative impacts of hydropeaking. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low complexity resource allocation in MIMO‒OFDM‒based cooperative cognitive radio networks
Authors: Adian M.G. , Aghaeinia H.
Published: February 2014

A multiple‒input multiple‒output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based cooperative cognitive radio network is considered in this study, where the cooperation strategy is decode‒and‒forward. The objective is to maximise the capacity of the secondary system while guaranteeing that the interference introduced to the primary system is below the interference temperature limit. The optimal power allocation in the source and the relay is presented and because of the high computational complexity of the optimal approach, a low computational complexity near‒optimal algorithm is further proposed. The joint allocation of the resources in the sub‒optimal algorithm is carried out taking into account the channel qualities, the decode‒and‒forward cooperation strategy and the interference induced to the primary system. The performance of the different approaches and effect of deploying multiple antennas at users are explored through the simulation results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid FLUTE/DASH video delivery over mobile wireless networks
Authors: Belda Román , de Fez Ismael , Fraile Francisco , Arce Pau , Guerri Juan Carlos
Published: February 2014

This paper describes how File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) and Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (DASH) can be used to provide mobile video streaming services over broadcast wireless networks. FLUTE is a multicast protocol for multimedia file download. In this proposal, the protocol is adapted to provide video streaming services in crowded environments. Thus, video is delivered over a single connection to all viewers, reducing the traffic in the network. FLUTE incorporates an application‐layer forward error correction (AL‐FEC) mechanism in order to improve the reliability of the broadcast communication channel. For streaming applications, AL‐FEC improves the relationship between the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of the received video and the bandwidth allocated to the broadcast connection. The AL‐FEC hereby presented applies simple unequal error protection schemes to favour the download of key frames. Furthermore, the proposal is based on the same video segmentation mechanism as DASH, and therefore, clients can connect to a DASH repository to repair errors in the segments. This paper shows that FLUTE and DASH can be seamlessly integrated into a hybrid broadcast/unicast streaming technology, providing flexibility to trade off PSNR and bandwidth depending on the conditions of the mobile network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic‐preserving schemes for kinetic–fluid modeling of disperse two‐phase flows with variable fluid density
Authors: Goudon Thierry , Jin Shi , Liu Jian‐Guo , Yan Bokai
Published: February 2014

We are concerned with a coupled system describing the interaction between suspended particles and a dense fluid. The particles are modeled by a kinetic equation of Vlasov–Fokker–Planck type, and the fluid is described by the incompressible Navier–Stokes system, with variable density. The systems are coupled through drag forces. High friction regimes lead to a purely hydrodynamic description of the mixture. We design first and second order asymptotic‐preserving schemes suited to such regimes. We extend the method introduced in [Goudon T, Jin S, Liu JG, Yan B. Journal of Computational Physics 2013; 246:145‐164] to the case of variable density in compressible flow. We check the accuracy and the asymptotic‐preserving property numerically. We set up a few numerical experiments to demonstrate the ability of the scheme in capturing intricate interactions between the two phases on a wide range of physical parameters and geometric situations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient computation of the flow around single fluid particles using an artificial boundary condition
Authors: Weirich D. , Köhne M. , Bothe D.
Published: February 2014

Two‐phase flows around fluid particles are often considered to be in infinite domains, to avoid influence of the domain walls. Numerical simulations, however, must be modeled with a bounded domain, thus introducing artificial boundaries. Modeling of fluid flow in a domain with such artificial boundaries requires a careful choice of suitable boundary conditions. Slip boundary conditions for example can have a large impact on the computational results if the domain is chosen to be too small, because they model impermeable walls. This paper introduces an artificial boundary condition for simulations of the flow around single rising or settling fluid particles based on the approximated decay behavior of the velocity and the pressure field in the surrounding liquid. This is applied to the simulation of rising gas bubbles in systems with a Reynolds number of up to 50, and the outcome is compared with experimental results and simulations with slip boundary condition. It is found that domain size can be reduced by a factor of about two compared with slip boundary conditions without loss of accuracy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genistein inhibits DNA methylation and increases expression of tumor suppressor genes in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Xie Qi , Bai Qian , Zou Ling‐Yun , Zhang Qian‐Yong , Zhou Yong , Chang Hui , Yi Long , Zhu Jun‐Dong , Mi Man‐Tian
Published: February 2014

It has been previously demonstrated that genistein exhibits anticancer activity against breast cancer. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of genistein, in particular the epigenetic basis, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether genistein could modulate the DNA methylation status and expression of cancer‐related genes in breast cancer cells. We treated MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells with genistein in vitro. We found that genistein decreased the levels of global DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and expression of DNMT1. Yet, the expression of DNMT3A and DNMT3B showed no significant change. Using molecular modeling, we observed that genistein might directly interact with the catalytic domain of DNMT1, thus competitively inhibiting the binding of hemimethylated DNA to the catalytic domain of DNMT1. Furthermore, genistein decreased DNA methylation in the promoter region of multiple tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), mammary serpin peptidase inhibitor (SERPINB5), and increased the mRNA expression of these genes. However, we detected no significant changes in the DNA methylation status or mRNA expression of stratifin (SFN). These results suggest that the anticancer effect of genistein on breast cancer may be partly due to its ability to demethylate and reactivate methylation‐silenced TSGs through direct interaction with the DNMT1 catalytic domain and inhibition of DNMT1 expression. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The feasibility of a European‐wide integrated CO2 transport network
Authors: Stewart R. J. , Scott V. , Haszeldine R. S. , Ainger D. , Argent S.
Published: February 2014

The European Union's ambition to achieve near‐total decarbonization by 2050 suggests a large role for carbon capture and storage (CCS), requiring the transport (mostly by pipeline) of CO2 from source facilities to appropriate sites for geological storage. Here, a network modeling approach is used to test the scale, structure, and estimated costs of an integrated European CO2 transport network for different amounts of CCS deployment. Models are optimized with the sole objective of creating the least cost pipeline network that joins all sources to sufficient storage for a 25‐year period of operation, and assume no restrictions on trans‐boundary transport of CO2, or due to topographical constraints. Results show that extensive CO2 pipeline networks are required to deliver the CCS contribution to decarbonization. Sufficient storage is available but is distributed such that even for low levels of CCS deployment, both offshore storage and trans‐boundary transport of CO2 are needed. Scenarios are run to test pipeline infrastructure requirements should onshore CO2 storage not be permitted, giving an estimated increase in CO2 transport infrastructure cost of 10–30% (€3–7 billion). Scenarios examining the effect of removing the more speculative storage potential in the Baltic, close to central and eastern European CO2 source clusters, reinforce the need to experimentally validate theoretical storage capacity estimates especially in the Baltic and North Sea.
Comparing manual and automatic segmentation of hippocampal volumes: Reliability and validity issues in younger and older brains
Authors: Wenger Elisabeth , Mårtensson Johan , Noack Hannes , Bodammer Nils Christian , Kühn Simone , Schaefer Sabine , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Düzel Emrah , Bäckman Lars , Lindenberger Ulman , Lövdén Martin
Published: February 2014

We compared hippocampal volume measures obtained by manual tracing to automatic segmentation with FreeSurfer in 44 younger (20–30 years) and 47 older (60–70 years) adults, each measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over three successive time points, separated by four months. Retest correlations over time were very high for both manual and FreeSurfer segmentations. With FreeSurfer, correlations over time were significantly lower in the older than in the younger age group, which was not the case with manual segmentation. Pearson correlations between manual and FreeSurfer estimates were sufficiently high, numerically even higher in the younger group, whereas intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) estimates were lower in the younger than in the older group. FreeSurfer yielded higher volume estimates than manual segmentation, particularly in the younger age group. Importantly, FreeSurfer consistently overestimated hippocampal volumes independently of manually assessed volume in the younger age group, but overestimated larger volumes in the older age group to a less extent, introducing a systematic age bias in the data. Age differences in hippocampal volumes were significant with FreeSurfer, but not with manual tracing. Manual tracing resulted in a significant difference between left and right hippocampus (right > left), whereas this asymmetry effect was considerably smaller with FreeSurfer estimates. We conclude that FreeSurfer constitutes a feasible method to assess differences in hippocampal volume in young adults. FreeSurfer estimates in older age groups should, however, be interpreted with care until the automatic segmentation pipeline has been further optimized to increase validity and reliability in this age group. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4236–4248, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of diabetes mellitus on postoperative complications and failure in head and neck free flap reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rosado Pablo , Cheng Hsu‐Tang , Wu Chao‐Min , Wei Fu‐Chan
Published: February 2014

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine whether diabetic patients have an increased rate of postoperative complications compared to nondiabetic patients after head and neck free flap reconstruction. A systematic review of PubMed Database between 1966 and 2012 was performed. RevMan 5.0 was used for meta‐analysis. A retrospective medical chart review of 7890 patients to identify those who had a failed microsurgical reconstruction of the head and neck region at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital was also carried out. The result revealed that patients with diabetes mellitus have a 1.76 increased risk of complications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–2.79) with minimal heterogeneity (I 2 = 22%; p = .28). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with failed free flaps for head and neck reconstruction is 15%. The incidence of diabetes mellitus in these patients with failed free flaps is 2.3 times higher than in the general population. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 615–618, 2015
Relationship between the plasma concentration of paliperidone and the clinical and drug‐induced extrapyramidal symptoms in elderly patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Suzuki Hidenobu , Gen Keishi , Otomo Masahiro , Inoue Yuichi , Hibino Hiroyuki , Mikami Ayako , Matsumoto Hideo , Mikami Katsunaka
Published: February 2014

Objective

We investigated the relationship between the plasma concentration of paliperidone (PAL) and clinical and drug‐induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

In this study, 15 patients with schizophrenia receiving risperidone were switched to PAL and treated for 12 weeks. Their clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Clinical Global Impression‐Severity of Illness Scale. Their EPS were assessed using the Drug‐induced EPS Scale, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, and Barnes Akathisia Scale at baseline and 12 weeks. Plasma concentrations were measured by the liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method.

Results

The results revealed that there were significant correlations between the plasma concentration of PAL and improved Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total, negative, and general psychopathology scores (p < 0.05). However, the efficacy did not improve linearly with plasma level. No significant correlations were found between the PAL plasma concentration and the mean change from baseline in the Drug‐induced EPS Scale total score, Barnes Akathisia Scale, or Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale.

Conclusions

The results of this research suggested that, in elderly patients, although none of an increased plasma concentration of PAL, a worsening of EPS, or an increase in prolactin level occurs, linear clinical efficacy may not be obtained. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting glutamine transport to suppress melanoma cell growth
Authors: Wang Qian , Beaumont Kimberley A. , Otte Nicholas J. , Font Josep , Bailey Charles G. , van Geldermalsen Michelle , Sharp Danae M. , Tiffen Jessamy C. , Ryan Renae M. , Jormakka Mika , Haass Nikolas K. , Rasko John E.J. , Holst Jeff
Published: February 2014

Amino acids, especially leucine and glutamine, are important for tumor cell growth, survival and metabolism. A range of different transporters deliver each specific amino acid into cells, some of which are increased in cancer. These amino acids consequently activate the mTORC1 pathway and drive cell cycle progression. The leucine transporter LAT1/4F2hc heterodimer assembles as part of a large complex with the glutamine transporter ASCT2 to transport amino acids. In this study, we show that the expression of LAT1 and ASCT2 is significantly increased in human melanoma samples and is present in both BRAFWT (C8161 and WM852) and BRAFV600E mutant (1205Lu and 451Lu) melanoma cell lines. While inhibition of LAT1 by BCH did not suppress melanoma cell growth, the ASCT2 inhibitor BenSer significantly reduced both leucine and glutamine transport in melanoma cells, leading to inhibition of mTORC1 signaling. Cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were significantly reduced in the presence of BenSer in melanoma cells in 2D and 3D cell culture. This included reduced expression of the cell cycle regulators CDK1 and UBE2C. The importance of ASCT2 expression in melanoma was confirmed by shRNA knockdown, which inhibited glutamine uptake, mTORC1 signaling and cell proliferation. Taken together, our study demonstrates that ASCT2‐mediated glutamine transport is a potential therapeutic target for both BRAFWT and BRAFV600E melanoma.
Educators' implicit perspectives on wisdom: A comparison between interpersonal and intrapersonal perspectives
Authors: Chen Li‐Ming , Cheng Ying‐Yao , Wu Pi‐Ju , Hsueh Hsiu‐I
Published: February 2014

This research aimed to investigate educators' implicit perspectives on wisdom in order to compare interpersonal and intrapersonal perspectives and to help identify similarities or differences between these two theoretical perspectives. A total of 56 educators in Taiwan were interviewed individually. We utilised the grounded theory method to analyse the qualitative data. Results showed that both interpersonal and intrapersonal perspectives converged on four core components of wisdom: intrapsychic integration, actions in service of problem solving and ideal implementation, positive results and feedback and adjustments. The interpersonal perspective referred to external characteristics, and admiration and influence, whereas the intrapersonal perspective included greater detail about intrapsychic integration and action strategies than did the interpersonal perspective. We close with a discussion both of how wisdom appears to span across different fields and how the present results might feed into the teaching of wisdom in schools.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF DSS‐FS FERTIGATION SIMULATOR IN SEVERAL CROPS WORLDWIDE
Authors: Barradas J. M. Moreira , Matula S. , Dolezal F. , Mekonnen G. B. , Miháliková M. , Chala A. T.
Published: February 2014

The DSS‐FS fertigation simulator is intended to support design and optimization of irrigation and fertigation systems while increasing their environmental sustainability. The DSS‐FS is a decision support system aiming to simplify the design of advanced irrigation systems, including fertigation features assuring its optimal efficiency and error minimization. Data from farms where the DSS‐FS was used (as the primary consulting system) were analysed and are presented in this article. This system has proven to be user friendly and is reported by the majority of users to increase production by considerable amounts, saving 20–30% in input factors and energy. Now, further aided by user feedback, the system will continue to be optimized, with a view to improving current functionalities and implementing new ones, as well as extending its applicability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The response of the rotifer community in Loch Leven, UK, to changes associated with a 60% reduction in phosphorus inputs from the catchment
Authors: May Linda , Spears Bryan M. , Dudley Bernard J. , Gunn Iain D. M.
Published: February 2014

Lakes across the world are suffering from anthropogenically induced nutrient enrichment problems and many attempts are being made to improve their water quality and ecosystem function. Most metrics that are being used to monitor recovery are based on relationships that have been established across a range of lakes. These may not respond quickly to in‐lake changes in water quality when nutrient management strategies are put in place. This paper uses data routinely collected from Loch Leven, UK, to examine the immediate and longer‐term responses of the rotifer community to a 60% reduction in phosphorus input from the catchment in the early 1990s. We conclude that changes in rotifer abundance and relative species composition are sensitive indicators of lake‐specific changes in water quality, responding more quickly than more widely used metrics, such as total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations. However, like all indicators of change, such indices must be used with care in situations where rotifer populations are subject to multiple stressors.
The effect of environmental uncertainty and diapause investment on the occurrence of specialist and generalist species
Authors: Franch‐Gras Lluis , Montero‐Pau Javier , Serra Manuel
Published: February 2014

The evolution of specialist and generalist strategies is a central topic in ecology with strong implications for the biodiversity and structure of communities. Environmental unpredictability has been suggested as a key factor affecting the relative advantages of generalist species. However, life cycle features, like diapause, can also play a major role in the competitive dynamics between generalists and specialists. Zooplanktonic communities of continental waters are suitable models to study this; they inhabit water bodies that vary temporally with different degrees of uncertainty and rely on the production of diapause stages to survive across the year. We developed a simple theoretical model with three competing species, i.e. two specialists and one generalist with lower competitive capability than the specialists. We explore the effect of environmental unpredictability and diapause modes on the coexistence regime and on the evolution of diapause investment patterns. Our aim is to get insight into factors affecting the diversity of zooplankton over an ecological time scale. Our results show that environmental uncertainty and diapause investment are important factors affecting the competitive dynamics between generalists and specialists strategies. Generalist species are able to persist through a hundred of growing seasons due to the “protection effect” afforded by density‐dependent diapause investment, and can even exclude the specialists (52% of replicates). Priority effects (i.e. which species has its period of habitat suitability earlier) and cross‐induction of diapause investment also have an impact on the structure of zooplanktonic communities. Diapause investment patterns were studied for a specialist species. Patterns to spread the risks of environmental variability by a means of a continuous and early production of diapausing eggs evolved within a hundred growing seasons.
An evaluation of computerized behavioral skills training to teach safety skills to young children
Authors: Vanselow Nicholas R. , Hanley Gregory P.
Published: February 2014

Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of behavioral skills training (BST) and in situ training (IST) for teaching children to protect themselves. However, BST may be resource intensive and difficult to implement on a large scale. We evaluated a computerized version of BST (CBST) to teach safety skills and determined the extent to which safety skills generalized across different dangers. In Study 1, 11 children learned, via CBST and IST, to respond safely when asked to leave with a stranger. In Studies 2 and 3, IST was implemented with 16 children for 1 or 2 dangers after exposure to CBST for 3 dangers. Participants correctly self‐protected from dangers after CBST and IST, and performance generalized to similar dangers for which participants did not receive IST. CBST may be an acceptable substitute for BST when combined with IST to improve efficiency and maintain efficacy in a comprehensive safety skills program.