bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boundary layers to a singularly perturbed Klein–Gordon–Maxwell–Proca system on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary
Authors: Clapp Mónica , Ghimenti Marco , Micheletti Anna Maria
Published: July 2017

We study the semiclassical limit to a singularly perturbed
nonlinear Klein–Gordon–Maxwell–Proca system, with Neumann boundary conditions,
on a Riemannian manifold

𝔐

{\mathfrak{M}}

with boundary. We exhibit examples of
manifolds, of arbitrary dimension, on which these systems have a solution
which concentrates at a closed submanifold of the boundary of

𝔐

{\mathfrak{M}}

,
forming a positive layer, as the singular perturbation parameter goes to zero.
Our results allow supercritical nonlinearities and apply, in particular, to
bounded domains in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

. Similar results are obtained for the more
classical electrostatic Klein–Gordon–Maxwell system with appropriate boundary conditions.
Sequential motion planning algorithms in real projective spaces: An approach to their immersion dimension
Authors: Cadavid-Aguilar Natalia , González Jesús , Gutiérrez Darwin , Guzmán-Sáenz Aldo , Lara Adriana
Published: July 2017

The s-th higher topological complexity

TC
s

⁡

(
X
)

{\operatorname{TC}_{s}(X)}

of a space X can be estimated from above by homotopical methods, and from below by homological methods. We give a thorough analysis of the gap between such estimates when

X
=

ℝ
⁢
P

m

{X=\operatorname{\mathbb{R}P}^{m}}

, the real projective space of dimension m. In particular, we describe a number

r
⁢

(
m
)

{r(m)}

, which depends on the structure of zeros and ones in the binary expansion of m, and with the property that

0
≤

s
⁢
m

-

TC
s

⁡

(

ℝ
⁢
P

m

)

≤

δ
s

⁢

(
m
)

{0\leq sm-\operatorname{TC}_{s}(\operatorname{\mathbb{R}P}^{m})\leq\delta_{s}(%
m)}

for

s
≥

r
⁢

(
m
)

{s\geq r(m)}

, where

δ
s

⁢

(
m
)

=

(
0
,
1
,
0
)

{\delta_{s}(m)=(0,1,0)}

for

m
≡

(
0
,
1
,
2
)

mod
4

{m\equiv(0,1,2)\bmod 4}

. Such an estimation for

TC
s

⁡

(

ℝ
⁢
P

m

)

{\operatorname{TC}_{s}(\operatorname{\mathbb{R}P}^{m})}

appears to be closely related to the determination of the Euclidean immersion dimension of

ℝ
⁢
P

m

{\operatorname{\mathbb{R}P}^{m}}

. We illustrate the phenomenon in the case

m
=

3
⋅

2
a

{m=3\cdot 2^{a}}

. In addition, we show that, for large enough s and even m,

TC
s

⁡

(

ℝ
⁢
P

m

)

{\operatorname{TC}_{s}(\operatorname{\mathbb{R}P}^{m})}

is characterized as the smallest positive integer

t
=

t
⁢

(
m
,
s
)

{t=t(m,s)}

for which there is a suitable equivariant map from Davis’ projective product space

P

𝐦
s

{\mathrm{P}_{\mathbf{m}_{s}}}

to the

(

t
+
1

)

{(t+1)}

-st join-power

(

(

ℤ
2

)

s
-
1

)

∗

(

t
+
1

)

{((\mathbb{Z}_{2})^{s-1})^{\ast(t+1)}}

. This is a (partial, but conjecturally complete) generalization of the work of Farber, Tabachnikov and Yuzvinsky relating

TC
2

{\operatorname{TC}_{2}}

to the immersion dimension of real projective spaces.
Oral submucous fibrosis in a school-going Indian adolescent boy
Authors: Khandelwal Vishal , Kambalimath Hallaswamy V. , Reddy Naveen B. , Khandelwal Sushma , Reddy Vanaja , Gupta Nitu
Published: July 2017

A 14-year-old boy presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of difficulty in opening his mouth and a burning sensation on eating spicy food. The oral mucosa showed generalized diffused blanching and he was unable to protrude his tongue. For 6 years he had habitually chewed gutkha – a mixture of betel nut and tobacco for several minutes a day. This oral submucous fibrosis condition is very rare in young patients. The case highlights the link between oral submucous fibrosis and the regular use of areca nut (gutkha) products in a young boy.
Seeking sexual health information? Professionals’ novel experiences of the barriers that prevent female adolescents seeking sexual health information
Authors: McKellar Kerry , Little Linda , Smith Michael A. , Sillence Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

Objective

Sexual health professionals are key stakeholders in implementing sexual health intervention programmes, yet their views are largely absent from the literature. Sexual health professionals provide a unique perspective on teen sexual health issues as they engage in confidential discussions with a wide range of teenagers. This study aimed to provide an in-depth exploration of professionals’ perceptions of teenagers’ sexual health information seeking practices and barriers. Furthermore, the research provided a unique re-examination of key predictors of risky sexual behaviours, which have been highlighted by previous research.

Methods

Nine semi-structured interviews were undertaken with sexual health professionals to explore their perceptions of teenagers’ sexual health information seeking practises and barriers. Subsequently the professionals rank ordered the 57 factors identified in previous research in terms of their perceived importance in predicting risky sexual behaviours.

Results

Four themes emerged: “society and media”; “environment and family”; “peer influences”; and “the self”. The rank order task confirmed that 33 of the 57 factors were perceived as highly important by sexual health professionals.

Conclusion

Society, peers, environment and family are perceived as barriers to teenagers seeking reliable sexual health information, but these are dependent on the individual person. An individual with higher self-esteem is more confident in seeking sexual health information and applying this knowledge appropriately. Self-esteem was also identified as a key perceived predictor of risky sexual behaviours. Therefore, there is scope for intervention programmes targeting self-esteem and knowledge, so teenagers have the confidence to seek out sexual health information and to make their own informed sexual health decisions.
Unsteady Boundary Layer Flow and Convective Heat Transfer of a Fluid Particle Suspension with Nanoparticles over a Stretching Surface
Authors: Prasannakumara B. C. , Gireesha B. J. , Krishnamurthy M. R. , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy
Published: July 2017

We analyzed the effects of Biot number and non-uniform heat source/sink on boundary layer flow and nonlinear radiative heat transfer of fluid particle suspension over an unsteady stretching surface embedded in a porous medium with nanoparticles. We considered conducting dust particles embedded with -water nanopartcles. The governing equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using local similarity transformations and solved numerically using Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg-45 order method along with shooting technique. The effects of non-dimensional parameters on velocity and temperature profiles for fluid phase and dust phase are discussed and presented through graphs. Also, friction factor and Nusselt number are discussed and presented through graphs. Comparisons of the present study were made with existing studies under some special assumptions. The present results have an excellent agreement with existing studies. Results indicated that the enhancement in fluid particle interaction parameter increases the heat transfer rate and depreciates the wall friction. Also, radiation parameter has the tendency to increase the temperature profiles of the dusty nanofluid.
The (mis)use of development in international investment law: understanding the jurist’s limits to work with development issues
Authors: Monebhurrun Nitish
Published: July 2017

The decolonization period was characterized by the adoption of investment protection agreements with the objective of serving the purposes of both transnational corporations and newly decolonized States. These agreements are primarily meant to protect private international investments and, incidentally, they have been presented as instruments of development: protecting international investments to foster development. Many newly decolonized States signed and ratified such treaties with the aim of attracting foreign investors – but also to maintain existing ones; what was expected in return was a contribution to their development. This article studies the legal relationship which consequently exists between international investment law and development, but at the same time, it highlights the flagrant misuse of the concept of development in practice. In this law field, both the Global North and the Global South tend to envision development in a way which is deprived of all technical and scientific grounds. The paper firstly explains how the objective of development, rooted in such investment agreements, acquired a legal function. Bilateral investment agreements were a means to forge newly decolonized States’ expectations and belief concerning the paramount necessity to protect foreign investments so as to benefit in terms of development. In the international investment legal practice, the contribution to the host State’s development by the foreign investor has been frequently used as a criterion to identify an investment: to be protected by an investment agreement any activity must necessarily be identified as an investment. As the latter knows no definition some tribunals have considered that one of the criteria to identify an investment is a contribution to the development of the host State by the potential investor. Theoretically, this seems to consider the interests of developing States in their relationship with transnational corporations. However, and this is the second point, development has itself never really been defined – and still is not in this law field. It is hence used and applied as an undefined concept. Development is in fact referred to as an image, as a symbol, but never in its technical aspects. Accordingly, such reference made to the concept of development in international investment law is far from convincing and forges skepticism on its intrinsic necessity and use. In this vein, it raises the thorny question of the jurist’s technical competence to assess what development is and how it can – technically – be used in law.
Thin-wall injection molding of high-density polyethylene for infrared radiation system lenses
Authors: Kaneda Ryo , Takahashi Toshihiro , Takiguchi Masayasu , Hijikata Motoharu , Ito Hiroshi
Published: July 2017

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) lenses are used for infrared radiation (IR) systems, such as radiation thermometers to transmit the IR of the 10 μm region. High IR transmittance and low visible ray (VR) transmittance are necessary for IR system lenses. This experimental investigation of thin-wall injection molding was conducted using 0.5 mm cavity thickness with a disk shape, finished to a mirror-like surface. As factors affecting transmittance, we evaluated the thickness, surface roughness, crystallinity, internal structure, and molecular chain orientation of molded parts, which were produced using four HDPE melt flow rates (MFRs). The changed molding conditions were mold temperature and holding pressure. Results showed that the thin-molded parts had higher IR transmittance. The thin-molded part was obtained with the smallest MFR of 5. Furthermore, the VR transmittance decreased when the molecular chain orientation in the molded parts was small and the crystallinity was high. The small orientation and high crystallinity were obtained simultaneously with the largest MFR of 42. Therefore, it was impossible to obtain high IR transmittance and low VR transmittance simultaneously by a change of MFR. This study confirmed that surface roughness and crystallinity do not affect transmittance.
Air pollution and Parkinson’s disease – evidence and future directions
Authors: Palacios Natalia
Published: July 2017

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology that is thought to be caused by a complex combination of environmental and/or genetic factors. Air pollution exposure is linked to numerous adverse effects on human health, including brain inflammation and oxidative stress, processes that are believed to contribute to the development and progression of PD. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the epidemiology of air pollution and PD, including evidence of the effects of various pollutants (ozone, PM
Indium doping in sol-gel synthesis of In-Sm co-doped xIn-0.05%Sm-TiO2 composite photocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Liu Yuxuan , Pei Xiaobei , Yang Jiao
Published: July 2017

Sol-gel method was used to prepare a novel In-Sm co-doped TiO2 photocatalyst. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared/far infrared, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses. Anatase phase TiO2 is formed in the pure and doped TiO2 samples. Anatase TiO2 crystal formation and growing are disturbed by the dopants. The substitution of smaller Ti4+ ions by the larger Sm3+ and In3+ ions causes the expansion of TiO2 cell. The doping of indium and samarium ions has no noticeable influence on the bonding characters of TiO2. A continuous red shift of the absorption edge of xIn-0.05%Sm-TiO2 occurs at increasing indium doping content. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, average pore size, and total pore volume are enhanced after doping of samarium and indium. The adsorption of methyl orange on the surface of xIn-0.05%Sm-TiO2 increases with rising indium content. The 5%In-0.05%Sm-TiO2 has the maximum photocatalytic activity. About 97.7% of the initial methyl orange is decolorized on 5%In-0.05%Sm-TiO2 after 45 min of irradiation.
The spurious effect of ARCH errors on linearity tests: a theoretical note and an alternative maximum likelihood approach
Authors: Pavlidis Efthymios G. , Tsionas Mike
Published: July 2017

Linearity tests against smooth transition nonlinearity are typically based on the standard least-squares (LS) covariance matrix estimator. We derive an expression for the bias of the LS estimator in the presence of ARCH errors. We show that the bias is downward, and increases dramatically with the persistence of the variance process. As a consequence, conventional tests spuriously indicate nonlinearity. Next, we examine an alternative maximum likelihood approach. Our findings suggest that this approach has substantially better size properties than tests based on least-squares and heteroskedasticity-consistent matrix estimators, and performs comparably to a bootstrap technique.
COLQ-mutant congenital myasthenic syndrome with microcephaly: A unique case with literature review
Authors: Al-Mobarak Sulaiman Bazee , Al-Muhaizea Mohammad A.
Published: July 2017

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS) is a group of inherited neuromuscular junction disorders caused by defects in several genes. Clinical features include delayed motor milestones, recurrent respiratory illnesses and variable fatigable weakness. The central nervous system involvement is typically not part of the CMS. We report here a Saudi girl with genetically proven Collagen Like Tail Subunit Of Asymmetric Acetylcholinesterase (COLQ) mutation type CMS who has global developmental delay, microcephaly and respiratory failure. We have reviewed the literature regarding COLQ-type CMS and to the best of our knowledge this is the first ever reported association of congenital myasthenia syndrome with microcephaly.
The platinum-rich scandium silicide Sc2Pt9Si3
Authors: Voßwinkel Daniel , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: July 2017

Single crystals of Sc2Pt9Si3 have been obtained from an arc-melted and inductively annealed sample of the starting composition Sc:4Pt:2Si. The Sc2Pt9Si3 structure (Tb2Pt9Ge3 type, space group C2/c) was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: a=1303.4(1), b=749.9(1), c=973.5(1), β=116.44(1)°, wR2=0.0731, 1643 F
2 values and 67 variables. The structure contains three basic coordination polyhedra Sc@Pt11, Si1@Pt8 and Si2@Pt8 which show a simple condensation pattern avoiding direct Sc–Si and Si–Si bonding.
Longer Concentric Action Increases Muscle Activation and Neuromuscular Fatigue Responses in Protocols Equalized by Repetition Duration
Authors: Lacerda Lucas T. , Costa Cinara G. , Lima Fernando V. , Martins-Costa Hugo C. , Diniz Rodrigo C.R. , Andrade André G.P. , Peixoto Gustavo H.C. , Bemben Michael G. , Chagas Mauro H.
Published: July 2017

Lacerda, LT, Costa, CG, Lima, FV, Martins-Costa, HC, Diniz, RCR, Andrade, AGP, Peixoto, GHC, Bemben, MG, and Chagas, MH. Longer concentric action increases muscle activation and neuromuscular fatigue responses in protocols equalized by repetition duration. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1629–1639, 2019—The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of protocols equalized by the repetition duration but composed of different concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) durations on muscle activation and neuromuscular fatigue. Seventeen males with previous experience in resistance training performed 3 training protocols (A — 2 second CON: 4 second ECC; B — 3 second CON: 3 second ECC; and C — 4 second CON: 2 second ECC) with the Smith machine bench press exercise, all with 3 sets, 6 repetitions, 3 minutes' rest, and 60% of 1RM. The normalized root mean square of the electromyographic signal (EMGRMS) and mean frequency electromyography (EMGMF) for pectoralis major and triceps brachii muscles were calculated for second and fifth repetitions in each set. The results showed an EMGMF decrease across the repetitions accompanied by a progressive increase of the EMGRMS across the repetitions for all protocols and muscles. The EMGRMS was higher in protocol C when compared with protocol A and B for pectoralis major. The EMGMF was lower in protocols B and C than in protocol A for pectoralis major throughout the sets and repetitions. A higher EMGRMS and a lower EMGMF were observed in protocols B and C compared with protocol A for triceps brachii, solely in the fifth repetition. In conclusion, training protocols conducted with the same repetition duration, but with different concentric and eccentric durations, produce distinct muscle activation and neuromuscular fatigue responses, in which performing longer concentric durations could be the more appropriate strategy to increase muscle activation and neuromuscular fatigue.
Validity of a Taekwondo-Specific Test to Measure Vo 2peak and the Heart Rate Deflection Point
Authors: Sant' Ana Jader , Franchini Emerson , Murias Juan M. , Diefenthaeler Fernando
Published: July 2017

Sant'Ana, J, Franchini, E, Murias, JM, and Diefenthaeler, F. Validity of a taekwondo-specific test to measure Vo
2peak and the heart rate deflection point. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2523–2529, 2019—This study investigated whether the progressive specific taekwondo test (PSTT) is a valid test to measure peak oxygen consumption (Vo
2peak) and the heart rate deflection point (HRDP) in taekwondo athletes. Eighteen male black belt athletes (25.3 ± 4.8 years; 8.2 ± 4.7 years of practice; 171.8 ± 4.7 cm; 76.1 ± 8.2 kg, and 13.1 ± 2.9% body fat) involved in regional- and national-level competitions performed the PSTT and an incremental treadmill test (IT). The following variables were analyzed: Vo
2peak, respiratory quotient, oxygen consumption at the HRDP (Vo
2HRDP), peak heart rate (HRpeak), HRDP, and peak posttest blood lactate concentration. During the PSTT, the peak kick frequency (FKpeak) and kick frequency at the HRDP (FKHRDP) were also obtained. During the IT, the peak speed and the speed at the HRDP were identified by the Dmax method (the first and last points of the curve were connected by a straight line, and the most distant point of the curve to the line was considered as the HRDP). No differences were observed between Vo
2 responses during the PSTT and IT (p > 0.05). Vo
2peak and Vo
2HRDP presented bias (1.3 ml·kg−1·min−1 and −0.78 ml·kg−1·min−1, respectively) derived from the Bland and Altman plots, with the 95% limits of agreement indicating that the differences between the 2 measures can reach 11% for Vo
2peak and 17% for Vo
2HRDP. The PSTT is a valid tool to assess aerobic power and capacity in taekwondo athletes based on direct comparisons to a treadmill test. The test presents more specific variables for the assessment and training of taekwondo athletes, such as FKpeak and FKHRDP, which can be used to determine and control the effects of training and help coaches in prescribing training programs.
Decoupling Thermal and Autogenous Strain of Concretes with Different Water/Cement Ratios During the Hardening Process
Authors: Delsaute Brice , Staquet Stéphanie
Published: July 2017

At early age, the autogenous strain and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) are two of the most important concrete properties that are responsible for volume changes of cement-based materials and therefore for possible cracking in concrete structures (especially massive structures). Autogenous strain and CTE are dependent on the water/cement (W/C) ratio. A new experimental approach was developed to define both properties as well as the initial and final setting time with a single test. Every two hours, thermal variations of 3 °C are applied on a concrete sample with the device so-called BTJADE (from the French acronym BéTon au Jeune Age, Déformation Endogène). The initial setting time is the moment when the value of the CTE no longer corresponds to a liquid. The final setting time corresponds to a zero value of the derivative of the autogenous strain before the swelling of the concrete. Results of the initial and final setting time are compared to the evolution of the transmission of the ultrasound P- and S-waves. Three different compositions are investigated to define the influence of the W/C ratio (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6), and a fourth composition, for which the binder is composed of only 25 % cement, is also used in order to validate all observations. A new model expressed in function of the equivalent time or the advancement degree of reaction (defined with isothermal calorimetry) is proposed for computational modelling of the autogenous strain and the CTE. Effect of the W/C ratio and the physical mechanisms are highlighted.
Hydration of Cement Pastes Containing Accelerator at Various Temperatures: Application to High Early Strength Pavement Patching
Authors: Todd Nathan T. , Suraneni Prannoy , Weiss W. Jason
Published: July 2017

Accelerators are used to accelerate cement hydration, thereby reducing setting time and increasing early age strength gain. Accelerators are typically developed for use at low temperatures; however, they may be used in other applications such as high early strength concrete mixtures for pavement patching, which requires short closure time. In this study, the effects of a commercial accelerator on the hydration of cement pastes made with Type I ordinary portland cement are investigated at four temperatures. At lower temperatures (10°C and 23°C), the accelerator decreases the time to reach the silicate peak and sulfate depletion peak time and increases the peak heights. At higher temperatures (37.5°C and 50°C), the silicate and sulfate depletion peak times or heights do not change appreciably. At high temperatures, the pastes are very likely undersulfated, as indicated from calorimetry data with added sulfate. The accelerator does not significantly increase the cumulative heat release at 72 hours in any of the pastes. The results from pastes in the laboratory are used to interpret flexural strength results obtained from field concrete. Flexural strength results indicate that accelerated concretes cured at high temperatures have lower strength as compared to concretes cured under standard curing temperatures. The addition of sulfate increases the flexural strength of accelerated concrete cured at higher temperatures. From these results, it is evident that the accelerator is not effective at higher temperatures and that the addition of accelerator may negatively impact hydration and strength gain at higher temperatures. The addition of sulfate alleviates some of the negative impact of accelerator at higher temperatures.
Regulation of adrenal and ovarian steroidogenesis by miR-132
Authors: Hu Zhigang , Shen Wen-Jun , Kraemer Fredric B , Azhar Salman
Published: July 2017

miR-132 is hormonally regulated in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal gland, ovary and testis. Here, we examined the potential role of miR-132 in the control of steroidogenesis. Transfection of Y1 adrenal cells with miR-132 increased mRNAs of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD enzymes, which catalyze the sequential conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone to biologically inactive 20α-hydroxyprogesterone (20α-OHP). Overexpression of miR-132 reduced MeCP2 and StAR protein expression, basal progestin (progesterone and 20α-OHP) production, but enhanced their production in response to cAMP stimulation. Use of [3H] pregnenolone and free-diffusible 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol further confirmed that miR-132 promotes the production of 20α-OHP by upregulating 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD. Evidence is also presented that StAR is a direct target of miR-132. Transient transfection of Y1 cells with miR-132 demonstrated that miR-132 induction of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD was accompanied by significant suppression of one of its target gene products, MeCP2. In contrast, co-expression of miR-132 plus MeCP2 protein partially blocked the ability of miR-132 to upregulate the expression and function of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD. Moreover, suppression of MeCP2 protein with siRNA resulted in increased expression of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD, further demonstrating that miR-132 induces the expression of these two enzymes via inhibition of MeCP2. Likewise, overexpression of miR-132 increased 20α-OHP production with and without HDL loading, while knockdown of miR-132 resulted in a significant decrease of 20α-OHP production by granulosa cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR-132 attenuates steroidogenesis by repressing StAR expression and inducing 20α-HSD via inhibition of MeCP2 to generate a biologically inactive 20α-OHP.
Estradiol-induced regulation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 cells: involvement of ESR1 and AKT activation
Authors: Campello Raquel S , Fátima Luciana A , Barreto-Andrade João Nilton , Lucas Thais F , Mori Rosana C , Porto Catarina S , Machado Ubiratan F
Published: July 2017

Impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake involves reduced expression of the GLUT4 (solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter member 4,SLC2A4gene). 17β-estradiol (E2) modulatesSLC2A4/GLUT4 expression, but the involved mechanisms are unclear. Although E2exerts biological effects by binding to estrogen receptors 1/2 (ESR1/2), which are nuclear transcriptional factors; extranuclear effects have also been proposed. We hypothesize that E2regulates GLUT4 through an extranuclear ESR1 mechanism. Thus, we investigated the effects of E2upon (1) subcellular distribution of ESRs and the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinases (SRC) involvement; (2) serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) activation; (3)Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression and (4) GLUT4 subcellular distribution and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultivated or not with E2for 24 h, and additionally treated or not with ESR1-selective agonist (PPT), ESR1-selective antagonist (MPP) or selective SRC inhibitor (PP2). Subcellular distribution of ESR1, ESR2 and GLUT4 was analyzed by immunocytochemistry;Slc2a4mRNA and GLUT4 were quantified by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively; plasma membrane GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake were analyzed under insulin stimulus for 20 min or not. E2induced (1) translocation of ESR1, but not of ESR2, from nucleus to plasma membrane and AKT phosphorylation, effects mimicked by PPT and blocked by MPP and PP2; (2) increasedSlc2a4/GLUT4 expression and (3) increased insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. In conclusion, E2treatment promoted a SRC-mediated nucleus-plasma membrane shuttle of ESR1, and increased AKT phosphorylation,Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression and plasma membrane GLUT4 translocation; consequently, improving insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These results unravel mechanisms through which estrogen improves insulin sensitivity.
Steroid hormones regulate sperm–oviduct interactions in the bovine
Authors: Lamy Julie , Corbin Emilie , Blache Marie-Claire , Garanina Anastasiia S , Uzbekov Rustem , Mermillod Pascal , Saint-Dizier Marie
Published: July 2017

After insemination in the cow, a sperm reservoir is formed within the oviducts, allowing the storage and then progressive release of spermatozoa toward the ovulated oocyte. In order to investigate the hormonal regulation of these eventsin vitro, the ovarian steroids 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were added at various concentrations to monolayers of bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) before or during co-incubation with spermatozoa. Main findings demonstrate that (1) a 18-h pretreatment of BOEC with 100 pg/mL and 100 ng/mL of E2 decreased by 25% the ability of BOEC to bind spermatozoa after 10 min, and for the highest dose of E2, 60 min of co-incubation; (2) P4 at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/mL induced the release within 60 min of 32–47% of bound spermatozoa from BOEC; this sperm-releasing effect was maintained after a 18-h pretreatment of BOEC with 100 pg/mL of E2; (3) E2 in concentrations above 100 pg/mL inhibited the releasing effect of P4 on bound sperm in a dose-dependent manner; (4) spermatozoa bound to BOEC, then released from BOEC by the action of P4-induced higher cleavage and blastocyst rates afterin vitrofertilization than the control group. These results support the hypothesis that the dynamic changes in steroid hormones around the time of ovulation regulate the formation of the sperm reservoir and the timed delivery of capacitated spermatozoa to the site of fertilization.
Indicadores de gestión para el programa de generación de ingresos para la población desplazada en Colombia
Authors: Herazo Cueto Gilberto , Herazo Periñan Rubén , Sánchez Cruz Claudia , Sellamén Garzón Alexander
Published: July 2017

En este documento se construyen y estiman indicadores de gestión a partir de criterios de eficiencia, oportunidad y efectividad, para analizar y/o evaluar parcial e integralmente el Programa de Generación de Ingresos para la población desplazada ofrecido por una Oficina Operadora entre mayo de 2007 y marzo de 2008 en el marco del Convenio 082 entre Acción Social y CHF Internacional; los resultados muestran que existieron fallas en la implementación del programa que no permitieron la efectividad del mismo ni la continuidad de sus participantes hacia un proceso de estabilidad socioeconómica; además que los indicadores podrían aplicarse en términos de evaluación de implementación de este tipo de programas, fortaleciendo algunos aspectos de la gestión pública.

 
De la empresa al mercado, factores que inciden en la organización de las cadenas de producción de bioenergía
Authors: Castelao Caruana María Eugenia
Published: July 2017

Aunque existen importantes oportunidades para el desarrollo de la industria de la bioenergía en América Latina, la industria de la bioenergía en materia de generación eléctrica está sumamente rezagada. La literatura internacional coincide en destacar la importancia de las barreras económicas, sociales e institucionales en la penetración de esta industria en el mercado de la energía eléctrica. Para abordar estos factores, los proyectos de bioenergía a nivel individual desarrollan diversas formas de coordinación de los recursos a lo largo de la cadena de producción. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación exploratoria sobre las barreras que condicionan la implementación de proyectos de bioenergía para la generación de electricidad y las formas de coordinación de las transacciones que adoptan estos proyectos. El análisis se basa en la economía de los costos de transacción y en el estudio de cinco proyectos de generación de bioenergía para la red eléctrica desarrollados en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Determinaciones abstractas y noción conceptual de la educación. Una lectura crítica a la acumulación del saber
Authors: Herra Castro Ernesto
Published: July 2017

Desde una perspectiva histórica de larga duración, se intenta dar cuenta de algunas de las determinaciones conceptuales de la educación, a partir de la identificación de siete momentos educativos medulares que han acompañado a nuestra especie desde su aparición, hacia el 130.000 a.C., hasta la formalización del saber humano, propio de la tradición helena, durante los siglos VI y III a.C. Se intenta así confrontar el helenocentrismo que atraviesa la lógica y dinámicas educativas, para impulsar una discusión más allá de ellas. Se trata de identificar condiciones intelectuales y materiales que permitan producir y reproducir la vida en el único planeta de la vía láctea en capacidad de hacerla posible.
Kremliaus propagandinių matricų, taikomų Baltijos šalims ir Ukrainai, panašumai ir skirtumai
Authors: Denisenko Viktor
Published: July 2017

Straipsnyje analizuojamos propagandinės matricos, suda­rytos iš propagandinių naratyvų paradigmų, naudojamų Kremliaus pro­pagandiniam puolimui prieš Baltijos šalis ir Ukrainą. Aiškinami matricų formavimo principai, išskiriamos ir tiriamos jų ypatybės. Darbe taip pat tarpusavyje lyginamos Rusijos informacinėje erdvėje formuojamos Baltijos šalių ir Ukrainos pozicijos propagandinėse matricose. Fiksuojami analizuo­jamų matricų panašumai ir skirtumai. Tokio pobūdžio tyrimas ypač aktualus tampa naujausių geopolitinių realijų kontekste, atsižvelgiant į 2014 metais Ukrainos atžvilgiu Rusijos naudotą hibridinio karo taktiką ir tai, kokį vaidmenį čia atliko propaganda.
Mokomosios knygos „Šiuolaikinės medijos ir informacija. Požeminiai garažai Google karalystėje“ recenzija
Authors: Vernickaitė Aurelija
Published: July 2017

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Kairotanasia y ancianidad en la antigüedad clásica
Authors: López Pulido Alfonso
Published: July 2017

En el contexto de la ancianidad en el mundo clásico es muy difícil establecer una línea divisoria entre el suicidio y la kairotanasia, considerada por algunos como la muerte oportuna. A pesar de que la lista de suicidios es amplia, especialmente entre los de índole política, la mayor parte de los casos que se trataron como suicidios entre los ancianos, no fue otra cosa que, la puesta en práctica de la kairotanasia. Ello se debe a un matiz distintivo: la decisión de infligirse la muerte se adopta al llegarse a la conclusión de que la vida ya no puede seguir disfrutándose con un mínimo de condiciones psíquicas y físicas, las cuales la hagan apetecible y digna de ser vivida.
Carta editorial
Authors: Ocampo Álvarez Ángel
Published: July 2017

Este volumen consta de ocho artículos, los cuales integran cuatro secciones: Desde la cultura y el arte; Desde el lenguaje, la comunicación y la literatura; Desde la ciencia, la tecnología y el conocimiento; y Desde las relaciones sociales.
Marqués de Sade: en contra del sexo-género determinista y la heterosexualidad excluyente
Authors: Solano Fallas Andrés
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo analiza la postura filosófica en obras seleccionadas del Marqués de Sade en torno a la diversidad sexual. En un primer momento se estudia la crítica que lleva a cabo a la concepción determinista de sexo-género; y en un segundo momento, se examina su crítica a la concepción de una heterosexualidad obligatoria y normativa. En cada momento, se explican los supuestos filosóficos que le sirven de fundamento. Estas dos críticas de Sade permiten concebir cómo en su obra literaria y pensamiento la naturalidad de la diversidad sexual es explicada y posible. Cabe señalar que este trabajo se realiza desde un abordaje analítico.
Ciencia y tecnología en América Latina: Una aproximación desde la Historia de la Cultura
Authors: Díaz Bolaños Ronald Eduardo
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo plantea una propuesta metodológica de cómo podría abordarse el papel de la ciencia y la tecnología en América Latina en el marco de una lección de Historia de la Cultura, basada en la experiencia docente del autor
En torno al lenguaje, una sugerencia del poeta Rafael Cadenas para la educación
Authors: Díaz Larralde Daniela
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo se inscribe dentro del marco de las discusiones acerca de la importancia del estudio de la lengua y de las humanidades en la educación. La intención es demostrar la validez del método de enseñanza que propone, desde el ámbito de la poesía, el poeta venezolano Rafael Cadenas en su libro En torno al lenguaje (1984), luego de revisar sus vínculos con propuestas del pasado, en particular varios de los postulados centrales de don Andrés Bello, y de situarnos en la problemática presente. Esta investigación parte de la premisa, acorde con las propuestas de los autores referidos, de que es a través de la educación que se construyen las bases de una sociedad y de una cultura, y de que el estudio de la lengua es la base primordial de todos los demás estudios.
Carta editorial
Authors: Ocampo Álvarez Ángel
Published: July 2017

Este número 2 del Volumen 7 de la revista humanidades presenta ocho artículos sobre temáticas referidas a cinco secciones de la revista. En ellas el lector podrá encontrar investigaciones en campos como la música, la literatura, la lírica, la historia, la ciencia y la tecnología, así como un estudio cultural a través del deporte, sobre el problema de la violencia. En estos  materiales podrán encontrar algunas pistas que colaboren con su criticidad, al elaborar con mejor criterio, la comprensión de la actualidad que nos ha correspondido vivir.
Estructura y ecología de la población del endemismo cubano Broughtonia cubensis (Orchidacea), en Cabo San Antonio, Península de Guanahacabibes, provincia de Pinar del Río, Cuba
Authors: González Hernández Elaine , Raventós Josep , Mújica Benitez Ernesto , Bonet Andreu
Published: July 2017

Se analizan algunas características de la estructura poblacional de Broughtonia cubensis, orquídea epífita endémica de Cuba, en Cabo San Antonio, península de Guanahacabibes, provincia de Pinar del Río, mediante el análisis de diez transectos. Esta especie presenta una distribución agregada con una alta competencia intraespecífica. Además, muestra una elevada selectividad en la especie de forofito sobre la que habita, presentando una marcada preferencia por Plumeria tuberculata y Erythroxylum areolatum. Predomina la presencia de la especie sobre corteza lisa o rugosa y en orientación norte y este. Se discute la hipótesis de la calidad de sitios en relación a la posible presencia de micorrizas. Finalmente, dentro del área abarcada por los 10 transectos, se ha encontrado que esta especie tiene una estructura metapoblacional con una zona núcleo localizada entre el bosque semideciduo y la vegetación de pantano.
El Fenómeno ENOS y el dengue, Regiones Pacífico Central y Huetar Atlántico, Costa Rica, 1990 a 2011
Authors: Ramirez Solano Ana Maria , Chamizo Garcia Horacio Alejandro , Fallas Sojo Juan Carlos
Published: July 2017

En los últimos años, se ha evidenciado en Costa Rica un aumento importante en la cantidad de casos de dengue, por lo que se necesitan estudios donde se identifiquen las condiciones que promueven la propagación de la enfermedad, el ciclo de vida del vector, así como fenómenos atmosféricos entre los que sobresale el fenómeno El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENOS). Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del Fenómeno ENOS en la propagación del virus del Dengue, en las Regiones Pacífico Central y Huetar Atlántico de Costa Rica en el periodo comprendido de 1990 a 2011. Métodos: se utilizó un estudio ecológico exploratorio, el cual tomó fuentes de información primaria, generadas por el Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), el Instituto Meteorológico Nacional (IMN) y el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC). Resultados: en los periodos durante los cuales se presentó en el país la fase cálida, las incidencias acumuladas promedio mensuales aumentaron en el Pacífico y disminuyeron en el Caribe, mientras que durante los periodos en que se mantuvo la fase fría, la incidencia acumulada promedio mensual aumentó en el Caribe y disminuyó en el Pacífico. Conclusiones: el fenómeno del ENOS afecta el aumento y disminución de los casos de dengue en los litorales de manera inversa.
Factores del entorno de familias con escolares de dos escuelas con diferente prevalencia de obesidad infantil en el cantón de La Unión, 2015
Authors: Medina Medina Karla , Fernández Rojas Xinia , Ureña Retana Ivannia , Reyes Chaves Jonathan
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Describir los factores del entorno de las familias con niños escolares de dos escuelas públicas con diferente prevalencia de exceso de peso. Metodología: El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo e incluyó a 241 familias de escolares de dos escuelas del cantón de La Unión, a las que se les aplicó una encuesta en el domicilio, la cual incluyó variables del entorno y sociodemográficas. Resultados: La escuela con menor prevalencia de exceso de peso mostró mayor escolaridad e ingresos. La cantidad de lugares de compra de alimentos reportados por ambos grupos de estudio fue 91 y 101. De estos predominaban pulperías, minisúper, supermercados minoristas y comidas rápidas. Las principales razones de elección del lugar de compra para la mayoría de alimentos en ambos grupos fueron el precio y la cercanía al lugar de residencia. La cantidad de lugares de práctica de actividad física reportados por las familias de escolares con menor prevalencia de exceso de peso es el doble de los reportados por las familias de escolares con mayor prevalencia de exceso de peso. Conclusiones: La principal diferencia en el entorno está dada por la disponibilidad de lugares para la práctica de actividad física, lo cual además coincide con que las familias de los niños de la escuela de mayor prevalencia de exceso de peso muestran menor escolaridad y menor ingreso económico.
Significado de lactancia materna y leche materna para las madres de una comunidad urbana y otra rural de Costa Rica
Authors: Marin Arias Lilliam , Gutiérrez Obregón Yamileth
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: indagar sobre el significado de lactancia materna y leche materna en un grupo de mujeres con niños pequeños. Método: se realizó un estudio cualitativo en el que participaron madres residentes en dos comunidades una urbana y otra rural de Costa Rica. Resultados: las madres asocian la lactancia materna con el acto natural de alimentar a sus hijos e identifican a la leche materna como el alimento que aporta nutrientes necesarios para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños. La lactancia materna continúa siendo una práctica exitosa que contribuye a la salud de la niñez. Asimismo, se identificó que el entorno familiar se constituye en el espacio donde reciben el mayor apoyo para llevar a cabo exitosamente el proceso de la lactancia materna. Conclusión: el conocer el significado que las mujeres le otorgan a la vivencia de la lactancia materna permitirá orientar las intervenciones que realicen diferentes instancias para promover la práctica de la lactancia materna desde la experiencia de las madres, con el propósito de garantizar la alimentación óptima para los niños durante sus primeros años de vida. Este estudio muestra la necesidad de continuar fortaleciendo los programas de educación en salud dirigidos a los profesionales en salud y a la población en general con el fin de promover la práctica de la lactancia materna pues la forma más económica y más segura de protección y salud para los niños en los primeros años de vida.
Población mayor en situación de dependencia de la Argentina: Propuesta de clasificación según severidad basada en datos secundarios
Authors: Monteverde Malena , Pujol-Jover María , Alemany Ramón , Lopez-Casasnovas Guillem
Published: July 2017

La magnitud de la población de 65 años y más en situación de dependencia de la Argentina sería de más de un millón de personas. Dada la gran heterogeneidad en el tipo y en la intensidad de las ayudas que requieren las personas en situación de dependencia, resulta esencial establecer criterios de clasificación para identificar grupos homogéneos en términos de severidad. Objetivo: el trabajo busca establecer una metodología y unos criterios objetivos que permitan identificar grupos homogéneos de personas en situación de dependencia sobre la base de información secundaria (y limitada). Métodos: el método utilizado se basa en el Baremo de Valoración de la Situación de Dependencia (BVD) vigente en España y en la aplicación de la metodología de Arboles de Clasificación, bajo la función rpart del programa R. Las principales fuentes de información son la Encuesta sobre Discapacidad, Autonomía personal y Situaciones de Dependencia de España (EDAD, 2008) y la Encuesta Nacional sobre Calidad de Vida de los Adultos Mayores de la Argentina (ENCaViAM, 2012). Resultados: el modelo seleccionado arroja un elevado grado de ajuste sugiriendo que es posible estimar la distribución de la población mayor en situación de dependencia según grado de severidad de manera razonable a partir de un grupo reducido de variables. Conclusiones: si bien la prevalencia de la dependencia de las personas mayores sería mayor en la Argentina respecto a lo obervado en España, la importancia relativa de los grupos con mayor severidad sería menor en el primer país (en Argentina).
KONTRIBUSI EKSPOR SEKTOR PERIKANAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN NASIONAL: ANALISIS INPUT OUTPUT
Authors: Yusuf Risna , Tajerin Tajerin
Published: July 2017

Kajian ini bertujuan mengetahui sejauhmana kontribusi ekspor sektor perikanan ”dalam arti luas” dalam perekonomian nasional, khususnya pada pertumbuhan output, pendapatan masyarakat dan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Kajian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu tabel Input Output tahun 2000 yang dikeluarkan oleh BPS. Kajian ini menggunakan metode analisis Input Output. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa kontribusi ekspor sub sektor industri pengolahan hasil perikanan dalam pembentukan output dan pendapatan masyarakat ternyata jauh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sektor perikanan yaitu masing-masing 10,28% dari Rp 102.264.263 juta; 5.55% dari Rp. 28.721.949. Namun sebaliknya dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja, ternyata kontribusi ekspor sektor perikanan justru lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sub sektor industri pengolahan hasil perikanan sebesar 7,45% dari 2.685.339 orang. Oleh karena itu diperlukan peran pemerintah secara lebih nyata dalam mendorong besaran multiplier effect melalui penciptaan lapangan kerja dari kegiatan ekspor sub sektor industri pengolahan hasil perikanan dengan cara menumbuhkan kegiatan usaha di sub sektor industri perikanan yaitu di sub sektor industri pengeringan dan penggaraman dan sub sektor industri pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan. Tittle: Export Contribution of Fisheries sector in National Economy: An Input Output AnalysisThe objective of the research is to assess the extent of export contribution of Fisheries sub sector and its products in National Economy, especially on output growth, social income and labor absorption. Secondary data of input output table 2000, which published by BPS was used in this study. The method of input output analysis was used. Results of the research indicate that export contribution of processed fish product industries on output growth and social income are higher than the fisheries sector, which are 10.28% of Rp 102.264.26% and 5.55% of Rp 28.721.949, respectively. On the other hand, contribution of fisheries sector is higher than the one of processed fish product industries. Therefore, the government plays an important role to boost the multiplier effect on labor absorption of industrial fish processing by growing the activities on this sector; i.e. salted and dried fish and processed and preserved fish in terms of labor absorption.