bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Da inconstitucionalidade superveniente e da flexibilização da coisa julgada inconstitucional
Authors: Silvestrin Natália Cristina Damásio
Published: November 2015

Este artigo aponta o fenômeno da flexibilização da coisa julgada inconstitucional conforme a nova Ordem Constitucional e a inconstitucionalidade superveniente. É apresentado o surgimento da nova Ordem Constitucional e as alterações interpretativas da Constituição. Demonstra-se a forma de controle de constitucionalidade de normas anteriores à Carta Magna e os efeitos da declaração de não recepção da norma pela Constituição. Percebe-se a relevância da flexibilização da coisa julgada quando infringe a Norma Constitucional em conformidade com o Princípio da Constitucionalidade.
Direitos sociais e controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas: uma abordagem a partir dos contornos do estado constitucional de direito
Authors: Cristóvam José Sérgio da Silva
Published: November 2015

A concretização dos direitos sociais, a partir do controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas, vem ganhando um relevo todo especial, a partir do estabelecimento de um modelo de Estado constitucional de direito, fundado na satisfação dos direitos fundamentais. Esse é o objeto central do presente estudo, além de apresentar os limites e possibilidades de um efetivo ativismo judicial, comprometido com a satisfação dos direitos sociais e legitimado pelo discurso constitucional contemporâneo. Afora os aspectos eminentemente teóricos, inclusive com a proposta de um conceito jurídico de "políticas públicas", segue a análise do entendimento dos tribunais sobre o assunto, apresentando os parâmetros do controle jurisdicional da políticas públicas. Por fim, conclui-se defendendo a relevância da temática abordada, inclusive para a consolidação de uma cultura de defesa da Constituição.
Autor de consciência e autor por convicção: análise da culpa jurídico-penal
Authors: Pedroso Roziméri Aparecida Rigon
Published: November 2015

Em alguns países europeus tem sido dada alguma relevância no ordenamento jurídico-penal às figuras do autor de consciência e autor por convicção, por conta da garantia constitucional do direito à liberdade de consciência. Uma das problemáticas que envolve o tema sub examine é no sentido de tentar saber quais são os limites constitucionais da liberdade de consciência frente a lesão de um bem jurídico consubstanciado em direito fundamental de outra pessoa. Por outro lado, questiona-se uma ação com fulcro numa decisão de consciência ou por convicção pode encontrar uma justificação quando configure um ilícito penal?
Os critérios jurisdicionais para exoneração da obrigação dos pais de prestar alimentos aos seus filhos civilmente capazes
Authors: Silveira Tharin Lapolli Fiorenzano da
Published: November 2015

O presente trabalho trata dos critérios jurisdicionais utilizados para se decidir sobre a exoneração ou a manutenção da prestação de alimentos pelos pais aos seus filhos, quando estes são civilmente capazes.

Para tanto, inicialmente apresentam-se os pressupostos da obrigação de prestar alimentos e do direito a recebê-los, encontrados na doutrina, de modo a possibilitar a compreensão de entendimentos jurisdicionais que, para proceder à exoneração em foco, usam critérios pré-determinados que podem prejudicar o devido julgamento do caso concreto.

Dessa forma, ao final haverá subsídios suficientes a permitir uma contraposição a esses critérios, por meio da legislação pertinente e de argumentos doutrinários.

Comsiderando o tema apresentado, tratado pelo método de abordagem dedutivo, e as questões por ele envolvidos, no decorrer do trabalho, percebe-se que a idade de vinte e quatro anos, a conclusão de curso de nível superior, e o fato de o filho não estudar em período integral ou não ser incapaz por alguma razão, como doença, são circunstâncias que não podem, por si sós, determinar a exoneração em que, mesmo a ocorrência dos critérios elencados, subsistirá a necessidade do alimentando e a possibilidade do alimentante.
Juiz leigo no juizado especial criminal - primeiras notas
Authors: Happke André Alexandre
Published: November 2015

Com a Lei n.º 9.099/95 passamos ao desenvolvimento de um “microssistema”, hoje, já um “Sistema de Juizados Especiais”. Nele, além de novos ritos, regras e novo delineamento de princí­pios, também veio um novo agente: o Juiz Leigo. A mesma norma tratou do procedimento Cível e do Criminal. Em ambos, é prevista expressamente o Juiz Leigo a par do Conciliador. São atribuições distintas a cada um, requisitos distintos para inves­tidura. Ambos assumem importância ímpar para que esse novo espaço não seja apenas “mais uma nova forma de fazer tudo igual”. A proposta aqui é entender o Juiz Leigo na seara criminal.
Sucessão dos companheiros: análise da atual interpretação doutrinária e jurisprudencial
Authors: Freccia Luiza
Published: November 2015

O tema sobre o qual versa este artigo pertence à seara do direito sucessório, especial­mente a sucessão dos companheiros que vivem em união estável, relação esta reconhecida como enti­dade familiar pela própria ordem constitucional brasileira, desde 1988, mas que não encontra unanimidade, tanto na doutrina quanto na juris­prudência, sobre a participação do companheiro na divisão da herança do de cujus. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa visa identificar se a sucessão dos companheiros fere os dispositivos constitu­cionais, em decorrência da desigualdade de trata­mento do casamento e da união estável na esfera do direito sucessório.
Efetivação judicial do direito à saúde no Brasil: uma breve reflexão à luz do “modelo de direitos fundamentais sociais” de Robert Alexy
Authors: Carneiro João Paulo de Souza
Published: November 2015

Hoje, o Poder Judiciário brasileiro está exercendo, de forma crescente, o papel de concre­tizador de direitos sociais. Essa postura é legiti­mada por um conjunto de ideias que pode ser nomeado como o “modelo teórico da utopia”. O “modelo teórico da utopia” defende o “ativismo judicial” como forma de compensar a inércia dos demais poderes no cumprimento das promessas constitucionais na área social, e tem por caracte­rística marcante a despreocupação com a questão do custo dos direitos. Bem representativa dessa visão é a decisão proferida no julgamento da Petição 1.246 pelo ministro Celso de Mello, na qual se consignou que o direito à saúde deve preva­lecer sobre interesses financeiros e secundários do Estado. Apesar do prestígio detido atualmente por essa forma de tratar a questão da efetivação dos direitos sociais, é oportuno revê-la na perspectiva do “modelo de direitos fundamentais sociais” de Robert Alexy. Ao defender a tese de que as normas de direitos fundamentais têm natureza principioló­gica, assegurando somente direitos prima facie que só se convertem em definitivos depois de um sope­samento com princípios colidentes, ele traça uma “resposta geral” para a determinação das posições prestacionais definitivas merecedoras de efetivação na via judicial. O “modelo de direitos funda­mentais sociais” é compatível com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, podendo-se especular como seria apreciada judicialmente, com base nele, uma demanda relacionada ao direito à saúde.
Ação rescisória e ação declaratória de inexistência (querela nullitatis insanabilis): aplicação do princípio da fungibilidade
Authors: Silva Eduardo Peruffo e
Published: November 2015

O presente artigo tem por objetivo diferen­ciar, de forma breve, as ações autônomas de impug­nação de decisões judiciais, com foco na Ação Resci­sória e na Ação Declaratória de Inexistência, bem como demonstrar os requisitos da aplicação do prin­cípio da fungibilidade e mais, visa a analisar a possi­bilidade de aplicação do referido princípio quando se tratar da Ação Rescisória e Querela nullitatis, com embasamento doutrinário e jurisprudencial.
Juizados especiais da fazenda pública: peculiaridades e vicissitudes do microssistema
Authors: Mello Davidson Jahn , Basso Bruno Bartelle
Published: November 2015

Este trabalho apresenta as peculiaridades e vicissitudes do microssistema dos Juizados Espe­ciais da Fazenda Pública, tendo como pano de fundo o acesso à justiça e o contexto histórico da crise do Poder Judiciário no Brasil.
A operação interna dos tratados internacionais
Authors: Rossi Juliano Scherner
Published: November 2015

É estudada a operação interna dos tratados internacionais, assunto que envolve a hierarquia entre tratado e lei. Buscam-se os elementos teóricos para fundamentar uma decisão judicial em que exista antinomia entre tratado e lei. É utilizado o método dedutivo e a técnica mono­gráfica. Apenas sob o aspecto de responsabilização internacional é permitido afirmar-se que o direito internacional, fundado na soberania, tem primazia sobre as ordens domésticas. As teorias que buscam descrever as relações entre direito internacional e direito interno, monismo e dualismo, principal­mente, encontram várias críticas e não permitem estabelecer definitivamente a discussão. O direito internacional permite aos países liberdade de organização, inclusive no que se refere à operação interna dos tratados, desde que isso não preju­dique a boa-fé na sua execução. As constituições, ao tratar da operação interna dos tratados, devem regular especialmente: aplicação direta, vigência interna e hierarquia entre tratado em normas posi­tivas internas (constituição e leis ordinárias).
Globalização: Para quem?
Authors: Braga Natan Ben-Hur , Da Silva Carlos Roberto
Published: November 2015

meio a toda essa complexidade mundial, quando os governos já aparecem com contornos supranacionais, quando as corporações da mesma forma suplantam os espaços
físicos territoriais, surgem questionamentos que impulsionam à pesquisa, uma vez que a composição de todo esse amálgama social é composta por pessoas, sujeitos invisíveis cujas repercussões de tomadas de decisão lhe afetam diretamente. Por tal motivo, o que se pretende explorar nesse estudo é a necessidade de que esse mesmo sujeito
possua meios de participar de tais decisões sem que seja pelo simples elemento do sufrágio. Que sua participação seja efetiva, digna e cujas consequências sejam direcionadas e redirecionadas de acordo com as suas verdadeiras necessidades em um pulsar dinâmico e eficaz.
“Uni duni tê [...] O escolhido foi você”: aspectos jurídicos e psicológicos da síndrome da alienação parental
Authors: Carvalho Hildemar Meneguzzi de , De França Barbosa Camara Fernanda Carolina
Published: November 2015

Este artigo é resultado da breve análise sobre os aspectos jurídicos e psicológicos da Síndrome da Alienação Parental: fenômeno fami­liar em que são realizadas campanhas de desqua­lificação dos genitores perante os filhos, visando o distanciamento entre eles. O assunto ganhou destaque após a promulgação da Lei 12.318, de 26 de agosto de 2010, que regulamentou a prática da alie­nação parental e delimitou as suas consequências/ sanções, que não possuem natureza punitiva, mas educativa e protetiva. O tema é relevante diante dos efeitos da alienação parental na vida dos envol­vidos. Vislumbra-se a necessidade de uma atuação multidisciplinar nos casos onde a alienação parental é identificada, para que as medidas previstas em Lei sejam aplicadas corretamente e resguardem o direito à convivência familiar dos filhos.
A dignidade da pessoa humana como princípio constitucional estruturante do direito administrativo
Authors: Cristóvam José Sérgio da Silva
Published: November 2015

O presente ensaio aborda o tema da dignidade da pessoa humana como princípio constitucional estruturante do Direito Administrativo, a partir da construção de um renovado regime jurídico administrativo, com a travessia de um modelo mais autoritário, imperativo e autocrático de Administração Pública (paradigma tradicional), para uma perspectiva mais consensual, dialógica, isonô­mica, democrática e de cons­trução plural das decisões admi­nistrativas (paradigma da Admi­nistração Pública democrática).
Evidence of the preferential use of disease prototypes over case exemplars among early year one medical students prior to and following diagnostic training
Authors: Papa Frank J. , Li Feiming
Published: November 2015

Background: Two core dual processing theory (DPT) System I constructs (Exemplars and Prototypes) were used to: 1) formulate a training exercise designed to improve diagnostic performance in year one medical students, and 2) explore whether any observed performance improvements were associated with preferential use of exemplars or prototypes.

Methods: With IRB approval, 117 year one medical students participated in an acute chest pain diagnostic training exercise. A pre- and post-training test containing the same 27 case vignettes was used to determine if the subjects’ diagnostic performance improved via training in both exemplars and prototypes. Exemplar and Prototype theory was also used to generate a unique typicality estimate for each case vignette. Because these estimates produce different performance predictions, differences in the subjects’ observed performance would make it possible to infer whether subjects were preferentially using Exemplars or Prototypes.

Results: Pre- vs. post-training comparison revealed a significant performance improvement; t=14.04, p<0.001, Cohen’s d=1.32. Pre-training, paired t-testing demonstrated that performance against the most typical vignettes>mid typical vignettes: t=4.94, p<0.001; and mid typical>least typical: t=5.16, p<0.001. Post-training, paired t-testing again demonstrated that performance against the most typical vignettes>mid typical: t=2.94, p<0.01; and mid typical>least typical: t=6.64, p<0.001. These findings are more consistent with the performance predictions generated via Prototype theory than Exemplar theory.

Conclusions: DPT is useful in designing and evaluating the utility of new approaches to diagnostic training, and, investigating the cognitive factors driving diagnostic capabilities among early medical students.
The constructional patterns of L2 German meteorological events by native French-, Dutch- and Italian-speaking L1 learners
Authors: De Knop Sabine , Sambre Paul , Mollica Fabio
Published: November 2015

Weather expressions can be seen as a relevant topic in foreign language (FL) teaching. Traditional teaching methodology focuses on fixed FL expressions like impersonal verbs discarding both the rich array of verbal and nominal constructions for typical weather states, as well as the learners’ needs for their production. Construction grammar may fill this gap in two respects, by focusing on weather expressions produced by second language learners (L2). This study describes: (1) the variation in the preferred L2 constructional patterns for weather forecasts in three samples of non-native speakers of German (French, Italian and Dutch); (2) an inventory of constructional and associated lexical deficits in German-L2, compared to the participants’ L1. Descriptive results lead to constructional recommendations for language pedagogy of L2 German.

From a contrastive perspective, we explore the influence of L1- on L2- constructions, in order to show possible learner interferences. More specifically, we contrast the Dutch learners as representatives of a Germanic language, with the speakers of the Romance languages. Finally, we propose some guidelines for construction-based teaching as an alternative to the conventional lexical approach to meteorological expressions.
Linguistic congruency of nominal concept types in German texts
Authors: Horn Christian
Published: November 2015

This paper presents an empirical investigation of Löbner’s (2011) theory of concept types and determination (CTD). The theory is based on the assumption of four basic types of nouns (sortal, relational, individual, functional) and their congruency with certain modes of determination. Löbner predicts that incongruent uses are less frequent than congruent uses. Horn and Kimm (2014) present a first text-based pilot study on this topic. They investigated two German fictional texts and found results that support Löbner’s prediction. However, the restricted text basis and the preliminary annotation procedure employed in their pilot study call for an improvement of the method and an extension of the texts investigated. The study presented here provides an enhanced annotation procedure and amends the text collection with a choice of German newspaper texts. This text type is expected to contain less subsequent mentions than fictional texts and a greater variety of individual nouns, e.g. proper names, and, thus, contribute to a wider picture. The results of the investigation corroborate these expectations and provide further evidence for the noun type distinction. The paper is structured as follows: Section 1 provides a brief summary of the theoretical background of the study, i.e., primarily the theory of concept types and determination. In Section 2, I report the method and results of the pilot study by Horn and Kimm (2014). The improved method and the case study are presented in Section 3, followed by the conclusion in Section 4.
Steroid hormone secretion in inflammatory breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Illera Juan Carlos , Caceres Sara , Peña Laura , de Andres Paloma J. , Monsalve Beatriz , Illera Maria J. , Woodward Wendy A. , Reuben James M. , Silvan Gema
Published: November 2015

Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is a special type of breast cancer with a poor survival rate. Though several IBC cell lines have been established, recently a first IMC cell line was established. The aims of this study were: (1) to validate a highly sensitive, reliable, accurate and direct amplified enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to measure several cell-secreted steroid hormones: progesterone (P4), androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone sulfate (SO4E1) in the culture medium. (2) To assess whether hormone production profile by IPC-366 cells validates the IMC model for human IBC. We validated a non-competitive amplified EIA for inflammatory breast cancer cell lines based on the results of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and parallelism. The low detection limits of the technique were: P4=13.2 pg/well, A4=2.3 pg/well, T=11.4 pg/well, E2=1.9 pg/well and SO4E1=4.5 pg/well. Intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation percentages were <10%. The mean recovery rate of hormone added to the culture medium was >90%. In all hormones studied SUM149 have higher levels (1.4 times, but not significant) than IPC-366, and the correlation index between SUM149 and IPC-366 concentrations were >97%. We can coclude that cells of both cell lines, IPC-366 and SUM149, are capable to produce steroid hormone in culture media. The presented EIA methodology is very valuable for the detection of steroid production in culture media and could be used in hormone regulation studies and therapeutic agents in cell lines of inflammatory and non-inflammatory mammary carcinoma or other cancer cell lines in preclinical studies.
Beccaria und das Verbot der Auslegung von Strafgesetzen („Von den Verbrechen und von den Strafen“, § 4)
Authors: Donini Massimo
Published: November 2015

Es ist besonders anregend, sich mit einem klassischen und radikalen Text wie demjenigen Beccarias zu diesem klassischen Thema auseinander zu setzen - einem radikalen Text deswegen, weil man nur einige Passagen dieses § 4 von Dei delitti e delle pene wiederholt zu lesen braucht, um sich dessen bewusst zu werden.
1.1 Die Selbstüberschätzung des Philosophen und der Philosophie
Authors: Ottmann Henning
Published: November 2015

Der Beitrag wendet sich gegen die Karriere des Begriff s ,Werte‘, der seit dem 18. und 19. Jahrhundert die traditionelle Sprache der Tugendethik ablöste. Der Begriff ,Wert‘ setzt Subjektivismus und Pluralismus voraus. Die Vorstellung, Werte ließen sich von Philosophen oder gar von einem Philosophen ,schaffen‘, impliziert eine Überschätzung des Philosophen und der Philosophie überhaupt.
1.4 Der Journalist, die Presse, der informierte Leser. Nietzsche über Wertegeber, Werte und ihre Vermittlung im Medienzeitalter
Authors: Reschke Renate
Published: November 2015

Nietzsche entwickelt seine Kritik der modernen Massenkultur wesentlich als Kritik der modernen Massenmedien, ihrer Verantwortung für den kulturellen Werteverfall, den Wandel der Werteinhalte, ihrer Anpassung an die ‚Maschinenkultur‘ und der kulturellen Bedürfnisse des modernen Menschen. Der Journalist ist der Modellfall des angepassten informierten Individuums, der sich als Wertegeber für die Massenkultur versteht, die ihn in dieser Position bestätigt und benötigt. Der damit verbundene Werteverfall ist fundamentale Abkehr von tradierten, elitär besetzten Kulturwerten, zugleich aber spiegelt dieser Prozess den Verlauf eines Wertewandels, der den Notwendigkeiten der Massenkultur und technisierten Massenmedien Rechnung tragt und daher für Nietzsche als genauer Spiegel der modernen Kultur kritische Würdigung verdient.
1.8 Wertschöpfung als kulturelle Praxis. Ein Beitrag Nietzsches zur Kulturphilosophie
Authors: Hetzel Andreas
Published: November 2015

Das Schaffen neuer Werte ist für Nietzsche gleichbedeutend mit der Umwertung älterer Werte. Als Instanz dieser Umwertung begreift er eine als Praxis verstandene Kultur. Werte gehen für ihn aus einer individuellen wie individuierenden kulturellen Praxis hervor. Nur durch die Verdrängung dieser Praxis nehmen sie den Anschein des Ewigen, Unwandelbaren und Objektiven an. Der Beitrag stellt Nietzsches Theorie einer Umwertung der Werte in ihrer kulturphilosophischen Relevanz vor, diskutiert ihre metaphysik kritischen Implikationen und weist auf ihr Erbe in zeitgenössischen Kulturtheorien (Arthur Danto, Boris Groys, René Girard) hin. Abschließend wird das Verhältnis der Umwertung der Werte zum Christentum diskutiert.
1.9 On Creating Values
Authors: Clark Maudemarie
Published: November 2015

“Value” can be used in both a descriptive (valued) and in a normative sense (valuen). I argue that Nietzsche claims that true philosophers create values in both senses. I contend that no one can create values
2.1 Die Vorzüge der Kritik und die Falle des Dekonstruktivismus
Authors: Ottmann Henning
Published: November 2015

Die Stärke von Nietzsches Moralphilosophie liegt in der Kritik von Werten, die sich autoritärer Setzung verdanken oder autoritär Gefolgschaft fordern. Sie leistet weniger für die Begründung von „Werten“. Die „dekonstruktivistische“ Kritik stößt auf erhebliche Probleme bei der Selbstbegründung.
2.2 Aufwertung und Abwertung. Nietzsches Gegenhegemonie
Authors: Saar Martin
Published: November 2015

Nietzsches Forderung nach dem Neu-Schaffen von Werten lässt sich nicht leicht rekonstruieren. Die These, dass Werte im Dienst des Lebens stehen sollen, bleibt zu abstrakt, um aussagekräftig zu sein. Die Tatsache, dass auch neue Werte auf bestehende Werte bezogen sind, zeigt an, dass Nietzsche ein Modell immanenter Kritik vor Augen gehabt haben könnte. Schließlich ist die Rolle der Macht ausschlaggebend. Nietzsches Kritik der alten Werte lässt sich sozialphilosophisch lesen; sie richtet sich auch gegen die Rolle der Werte bei der Aufrechterhaltung und Reproduktion sozialer Verhältnisse.
2.5 Nietzsches Ästhetik des Schaffens im Zeichen von Schwangerschaft und „Erfindlichkeit“
Authors: Därmann Iris
Published: November 2015

Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Frage des Schaffens, die Nietzsche nicht nur mithilfe der Figur des Befehls- und Gesetzgebers, sondern auch - weitaus überzeugender - in der Sprache der Schwangerschaft , einer Ästhetik der „Erfindlichkeit“ und pathischen Proxemik erwogen hat.
3.3 What Mary didn’t know about values (The hard problem of value 3)
Authors: Dries Manuel
Published: November 2015

This article answers some criticisms raised against How hard is it to create values? and offers a further formulation of the hard problem of value. Section 1 addresses the objection that Nietzsche’s criterion of life is too vague to serve as a useful value standard. Section 2 expands on the important idea of appreciating the difference among value perspectives. Sections 3 and 4 present the “hard problem of value” as a challenge for Nietzschean value agonism and value nihilism respectively. Section 5 offers a further formulation of the “hard problem of value”: a thought experiment about Mary, an expert, anti-realist value creator, whose values may or may not lack some qualities, analogous to Mary, the colour scientist of the “knowledge argument”.
Die Moral eines freien Geistes
Authors: Skowron Michael
Published: November 2015

In Analogie zu den zehn Geboten der Bibel hat Nietzsche im Nachlass des Jahres 1876 zehn Gebote des Freigeistes aufgestellt, die als moralische Leitlinien für das Entstehen und die Erhaltung eines freien Geistes angesehen werden können. Die von den zehn Geboten betroffenen Themen sind insbesondere Volker und Vaterländer, Staat und Politik, Reichtum und Armut, berühmte und einflussreiche Personen, Frau, Kind und Erziehung, Religion und Moral sowie das allgemeine Verhältnis zu Wahrheit und Welt, also alles Themen, die Nietzsche auch sonst in seinen Werken behandelt hat, sich hier aber im Rahmen einer für Nietzsche ungewöhnlichen Sollensethik vereint finden. Im Ausgang von diesen Geboten werden in diesem Aufsatz zunächst der nähere Kontext des Notats sowie Ziele und Methode dieser Arbeit vorgestellt. Dann werden die zehn Gebote im Einzelnen behandelt. Schließlich wird individuellen Konsequenzen nachgegangen, insbesondere Nietzsches persönlicher Umsetzung dieser Moral und der Frage, warum Nietzsche diese zehn Gebote nicht veröffentlicht hat, sondern sie Nachlass geblieben sind.
Nietzsche on Objects
Authors: Remhof Justin
Published: November 2015

Nietzsche was persistently concerned with what an object is and how different views of objects lead to different views of facts, causality, personhood, substance, truth, mathematics and logic, and even nihilism. Yet his treatment of objects is incredibly puzzling. In many passages, he assumes that objects such as trees and leaves, tables and chairs, and dogs and cats are just ordinary entities of experience. In other places, he reports that objects do not exist. Elsewhere he claims that objects exist, but as mere bundles of forces. And sometimes he proposes that we bring all objects into existence. Nietzsche’s writings, then, appear to support various secondary readings, which are jointly inconsistent. My chief aim is to present and defend the reading that Nietzsche embraces constructivism about objects, the neo-Kantian view that all objects are socially constructed. I first explain this view and argue that all non-constructivist readings are not supported by Nietzsche’s texts. I then present Nietzsche’s object constructivism, reconstruct his argument for the position, and defend it from an internal objection. I finish by suggesting that Nietzsche might have embraced such a radical conception of objects because it plays a crucial role in overcoming nihilism.
Generation Y: Auf dem Weg zu einem neuen Arzt- und Patientenverständnis
Authors: Steckdaub-Muller Irmgard
Published: November 2015

Ausgehend von Jürgen Habermas‘ Konzept derkommunikativen Kompetenzwerden in diesem in diesem Beitrag Rollendistanz und prinzipiengeleitetes Handeln als Lebenskompetenzen der Generation Y beschrieben. Mit ihrem Anspruch an eine sinnerfüllte Berufstätigkeit, Lebensgenuss und eine perfekten Work-Life-Balance hinterfragen die Millennials eingespielte hierarchische Strukturen und Regime. Dadurch konfrontieren sie das Gesundheitswesen mit einem neuen Arzt- und Patientenverständnis.
Was ist Resilienz und wie kann sie gemessen werden?
Authors: Gawlytta Romina , Rosendahl Jenny
Published: November 2015

Im Sinne der salutogenetischen Perspektive rücken zunehmend auch Ressourcen und protektive Faktoren in den Fokus der Betrachtung interindividueller Unterschiede im Umgang mit Belastungen, Stress und Erkrankungen. Zur Beschreibung der psychischen Widerstandsfähigkeit einer Person hat sich der Begriff Resilienz etabliert. Resiliente Personen zeichnen sich durch eine flexible Anpassungsfähigkeit aus, können reflektieren und sind sozial kompetent. Zur Erfassung der Resilienz liegt neben der Übersetzung der englischen Originalversion RS-25 auch eine reliable Kurzform mit 13 Items vor (RS-13), die als ökonomisches Screeninginstrument in der Praxis eingesetzt werden kann.
Lebenskompetenz als zentrale Interventionskomponente bei Kids und Teens
Authors: Kula Antje , Walter Ulla
Published: November 2015

1994 definierte die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) zentrale Lebenskompetenzen in der Gesundheitsförderung von Kindern und Jugendlichen. 20 Jahre später erstellte die WHO ein Grundlagendokument zu Lebenskompetenzen als Komponente in der Gesundheitserziehung an Schulen. Lebenskompetenzprogramme sind fester Bestandteil im Rahmen der Sucht- und Gewaltprävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bezogen auf ernährungs- und bewegungsbezogene präventive Interventionen ist ihr Potenzial nicht ausgeschöpft.
Wer eher lernt, ist schneller „fertig“?
Authors: Merkens Hans
Published: November 2015

Im 21. Jahrhundert haben verschiedene Bundesländer den Stichtag für die Einschulung im Lebensalter der Kinder früher angesetzt und Späteinschulungen erschwert. Es zeigt sich allerdings, dass diese Entwicklung für Alterskohorten allgemein nicht günstig sein muss, wenn die Schulanfangsphase in der Grundschule nicht verändert wird.
Psychosoziale Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in stationären Einrichtungen der Jugendhilfe
Authors: Wanderer Sina , Roessner Veit
Published: November 2015

Obwohl die Mehrheit der Kinder und Jugendlichen in stationären Einrichtungen der Jugendhilfe die Kriterien einer psychischen Störung erfüllen, zeigen circa 40% ein weitgehend gesundes, altersgerechtes Erleben und Verhalten. Protektiv wirkende Faktoren liegen dabei sowohl auf Seiten der Kinder und Jugendlichen selbst (wie Selbstwirksamkeit, Intelligenz) als auch in der Beschaffenheit der Einrichtungen (wie Strukturen, Gleichaltrigen-Kontakten). Wenn diese Faktoren nicht ausreichen, ist eine tragfähige Kooperation zwischen Jugendhilfe, Jugendamt und Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie wichtig.
Resilienz und der Umgang mit belastenden Lebensereignissen im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Schellong Julia
Published: November 2015

Die Begriffe „Resilienz“ und „Ressourcen“ besitzen in der Psychotraumatologie prädiktive und therapeutische Bedeutung. Nicht jeder entwickelt im Anschluss an ein potentiell traumatisierendes Erlebnis eine Traumafolgestörung. Art und Ausmaß der Traumatisierung, individuelle Reaktion und Vorerfahrungen beeinflussen, ob und wie jemand erkrankt. Protektive Faktoren verhindern die Entwicklung einer Störung. Persönliche und psychosoziale Ressourcen verbessern bei bereits eingetretener Erkrankung deren Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten. In der Kooperation zwischen öffentlichem und allgemeinem Gesundheitswesen mit traumaspezifischen Beratungs- und Behandlungsangeboten liegt hohes Präventionspotential. Interdisziplinäre Netzwerkarbeit kann enttabuisieren, die Öffentlichkeit sensibilisieren, die Isolation Betroffener durchbrechen und Unterstützung bei der Bewältigung psychischer Beeinträchtigungen bieten.
Erwerbslosigkeit und Lebenskompetenzen
Authors: Mühlpfordt Susann , Rothländer Katrin
Published: November 2015

Die Zahl der hinsichtlich ihrer psychischen Gesundheit beeinträchtigten erwerbslosen Personen wird auf ca. 30% geschätzt. Salutogenetisch betrachtet stellt sich die Frage, über welche Ressourcen die anderen ca. 70% der erwerbslosen Personen verfügen, um nicht in diesen Teufelskreis aus verminderter Gesundheit und geringeren Chancen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu geraten. Als wichtige Schutzfaktoren gelten psycho-soziale Ressourcen wie z.B. Proaktivität, soziale Kompetenzen und Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung. Dabei ist Lebenskompetenz nicht nur als individuell trainierbar zu betrachten, sondern auch als durch gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen beeinflussbar.
The solubilities and solubility products of zirconium hydroxide and oxide after aging at 278, 313, and 333 K
Authors: Kobayashi Taishi , Uemura Takuya , Sasaki Takayuki , Takagi Ikuji , Moriyama Hirotake
Published: November 2015

The solubilities of zirconium hydroxide and oxide after aging at 278, 313, and 333 K were measured at 278, 298,
313, and 333 K in the pHc range of 0.3–7 in a 0.5 M ionic strength solution of
NaClO4 and HClO4. Size distributions of the colloidal species were investigated by ultrafiltration using membranes with
different pore sizes, and the solid phases were examined by X-ray diffraction. The apparent solubility of zirconium amorphous hydroxide
(Zr(OH)4(am)), prepared by the oversaturation method, decreased with increasing aging temperature (T
a), and the
size distributions obtained after aging at elevated temperatures indicated the growth of the colloidal species. We, therefore,
suggested that agglomeration of the colloidal species and dehydration and crystallization of Zr(OH)4(am) as the
solubility-limiting solid phase occurred over the course of aging at elevated temperatures. For sample solutions of the crystalline
oxide (ZrO2(cr)), the aging temperature had no significant effect on the solubility, but the solubility data at lower temperatures
were found to be slightly higher than those at higher temperatures, implying a small fraction of the amorphous components. In the
analysis of different solid phases (Zr(OH)4(s,T
a), T
a = 278, 313, and 333 K) depending on the
aging temperatures, the solubility products (K
sp, T
a) were determined at different measurement temperatures, and the enthalpy
change (Δ
r
H
○) for Zr4++ 4OH
–
 ↔ Zr(OH)4(s,T
a) was calculated using the
van't Hoff equation. The solid-phase-transformation process at elevated temperatures was also analyzed based on the obtained
K
sp, T
a and Δ
r
H
○ values.
(Bild-)Rhetorik des Gesprächs
Authors: Steiger Johann Anselm
Published: November 2015

In the newly published, critical edition of Birken’s handwritten manuscript, Birken inserts fictitious conversations that contain sacred poetry and prayers to God. This text, which belongs to a new genre of »exercises in sacred conversation« (»geistlichem Gesprächspiel«), serves the praxis pietatis in which the public proclamation of God’s Word is appropriated to private meditation. The added value of this conversational form is not only that it serves to edify, but also that it allows thoughts to freely fall into the mind that otherwise would not. Birken makes it clear that in conversation the Holy Spirit makes Himself known 1) within the plurality of interlocution, as well as 2) in the intensified form of the conversation, so that the presence of God is realized among the interlocutors (following Matt. 18:20) in the mutuum colloquium. Therefore, not only the proclamation from the pulpit, but also the devotional discussions become the vehicle of the Spirit’s presence. In this way, everyday rituals, such as getting out of bed, brushing one’s hair, and bathing the body, are explored according to their sacred and emblematic significance. Birken conceptualizes and practices this intermediality of the talking image, the painted word, and the pictorial conversation in such a way that this elevated rhetoric can be implemented through the medium of everyday speech.
inadaequatio salutis
Authors: Sass Hartmut von
Published: November 2015

Obviously, the vera religio must have to do with truth. Truth, however, is traditionally considered to be the successful correspondence between thought (or language) and world (or reality). Now, there is a prominent tradition in modern theology that puts this approach upside down in claiming that the truth of religious convictions entails a certain kind of inadaequatio concerning the world. Three influencial examples of this very tradition - Hermeneutic Theology (E. Fuchs, E. Jüngel), Political Theology (D. Sölle, J. Moltmann), and Pacifist Peace Ethics (J.H. Yoder, S. Hauerwas) - are critically discussed and presented in terms of their specific rhetorics of theological (or even salvific) non-correspondence between faith’s possibility and the reality of the world.
Foreign Bank Entry in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Case of the Imperial Ottoman Bank
Authors: Hanedar Avni Önder
Published: November 2015

Before 1900, there were few foreign banks in the Ottoman Empire. The most important foreign bank was the Imperial Ottoman Bank. Many rival foreign banks established a presence over time, which could have undermined the power of the Imperial Ottoman Bank due to greater competition. This article examines how rival foreign banks affected the Imperial Ottoman Bank branches, using data on profits of these branches between 1895 and 1914. Empirical findings do not indicate that rival bank branches were related to lower profits for Imperial Ottoman Bank branches in the respective markets.
Graphies non-conventionnelles dans la correspondance privée au XVIe siècle
Authors: Lodge Anthony
Published: November 2015

The Balcarres Papers in the National Library of Scotland contain a collection of several hundred letters (in French) addressed to Marie de Guise while she was Regent of Scotland between 1542 and 1560. Most of these are written in the formal epistolary French of the time, but three in particular, written by women in the Queen’s personal entourage, are written in more intimate style and, among other interesting linguistic features, embody spellings which stray some distance from current orthographical norms. It is widely assumed that non-standard forms such as these reflect the author’s lack of education and lower-class origins. While this explanation may hold for one of the letters presented here, it does not work with the other two: in the first of these, the writer seems to have deliberately chosen to use vernacular forms, perhaps on the grounds of current fashion in the Paris Court, while in the second she seems to have evolved her own personal spelling system reflecting her regional (Lorraine) identity. At all events, before the tyrannie de la grammaire, non-standard spelling was evidently not heavily stigmatised and might even have been prized in some social contexts.
Soupir, esprit : Bernard de Ventadour, Can lo boschatges es floritz
Authors: Gubbini Gaia
Published: November 2015

This article analyses the poem Can lo boschatges es floritz by the troubadour Bernard de Ventadour. In the text there are two terms - the verb sospirar (“to sigh”, v. 7), and (in the plural) the term esperitz (“spirits”, v. 60) - that share the same etymological root, the Latin verb spiro. In using these terms, Bernard de Ventadour follows the previous troubadour tradition, and particularly the poems by Jaufre Rudel. Yet his use is also innovative, seeing that he associates these terms with poetic metaphors concerning the links between life, death, and desire that adorn the poem. The article at hand investigates the possible references to Medieval theological, philosophical, and medical texts, which may be concealed in the use of these terms and metaphors. Traces of texts by William of Saint-Thierry and William of Conches may be identified; these were eminent philosophers at the center of one of the most important twelfth century querelles. In its stratification of elements drawn from different sources, and combined with a masterful poetic force, the poem by Bernard de Ventadour attains to a novel depth.
Hermeneutik der Minne: Liebesdichtung und religiöser Diskurs bei Dante und Petrarca
Authors: Regn Gerhard
Published: November 2015

An important characteristic of Italian minne-poetry in the late Middle Ages is the negotiation of the Sacred and the Profane. Nonetheless, Dante and Petrarch, the most important representatives of Italian minne-poetry, enter this negotiation in very different ways. Dante proposes to align mundane minne-poetry - as a form of minne-theology - with sacralization; with that, Dante seems to be in perfect harmony with his epoch, commonly referred to as Christian or theocentric Middle Ages. But looking more closely, Dante’s sacralization of courtly love reveals itself to be an outrageous provocation of Christian orthodoxy: Dante’s minne-poetry presents itself as a supplement to the Gospel’s promise of Salvation, and thus obviously competes with the institutionalized religion. Petrarch, very much concerned to be perceived as the one to overcome the ‘Dark Ages’ represented by Dante and from there as the founding authority of what we call Renaissance, quotes Dante’s sacralization of the courtly love in order to cancel demonstratively its claim to ontological substance. Different to Dante, Petrarch avoids all heretic appearance by presenting the divinization of the minne-lady as a mere phantasm which is finally recognized as the result of a morally erroneous conception of love. Therefore with Petrarch, Christian orthodoxy is not overtly contested. This paradoxically clears the way for a genuine worldly poetry in which art itself gains the aura of the sacred: thus with Petrarch, the will to balance religion and love becomes a driving force of secularization.
British Novels of Migration and the Construction of Transnational Mental Spaces
Authors: Hartner Marcus , Schneider Ralf
Published: November 2015

While migration to Britain has long played a major role in Black and Asian British fiction, many novels have been published in recent years whose protagonists do not hail from the countries of the Commonwealth. The British novel has also begun to explore different types of migration and migrants, including temporary work migrants, refugees and asylum seekers. Another change in British fictions of migration has been an increasing output of migration narratives written by authors without migration experiences of their own. In this article, we suggest that those changes call for a rethinking of our theoretical and conceptual toolkit. We propose an approach that combines the sociological concept of transnational social spaces with the concept of mental spaces used in, e.g. cognitive narratology. With what we call a ‘transnational cultural narratology,’ we aim at introducing a concept that does justice to the transnational dimension of migration literature as well as to the narrative strategies the texts use, and the effects of reading which such fictions engender. We claim that these narratives establish what we describe as ‘transnational mental spaces.’
Bell, Book, Candle, Vertigo: The Hollywood Star System and Cinematic Intertextuality
Authors: Hantke Steffen
Published: November 2015

The production and release of Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo and Richard Quine’s Bell, Book and Candle in 1958 creates an odd case of cinematic intertextuality. Beyond the aesthetic and commercial logic of sequels or remakes, the two films share a striking set of diegetic, formal, and contextual features. Released mere months from each other, both films feature the same two stars – James Stewart and Kim Novak – as a romantic couple. Across both films it is Novak in particular who defines and explores a complex, multidimensional star persona that speaks to the intersection of her own career and women’s concerns, both in Hollywood cinema and the late 1950s in general. Despite the two films’ striking similarities, Vertigo’s enshrinement as cinematic masterpiece in general and a highlight in Hitchcock’s career stands in stark contrast to the broad critical dismissal of Bell, Book and Candle as light entertainment. Reading both films as a single extended text, commenting on the contested authorships of cinematic auteurs and Hollywood stars, reveals new aspects of Hitchcock’s canonical film and invites a critical re-assessment of Quine’s regrettably underestimated one.
Theoretical Calculation of the Rototranslational Collision-Induced Absorption (CIA) Spectra in O2–O2 Pairs
Authors: El-Kader Mohamed S. A.
Published: November 2015

Quantum mechanical lineshapes of collision-induced absorption (CIA) at
room temperature are computed for gaseous molecular oxygen using
theoretical values for induced dipole moments and new isotropic
interatomic potential as input. Comparison with measured spectra of
the rototranslational collision-induced absorption shows good
agreement over the full range of frequencies. Empirical models of the
dipole moment which reproduce the experimental spectra and the first
two spectral moments more closely than the fundamental theory are also
given. The quality of the present potential has been checked by
comparing between calculated and experimental thermo-physical and
transport properties over a wide temperature range, which are found to
be in good agreement.
Transesophageal echocardiographic imaging of multiple complications following mitral valve replacement
Authors: Brassard Charles L. , Viens Claudia , Denault André , Couture Pierre
Published: November 2015

We present a case of mitral valve (MV) replacement that resulted in multiple complications, as diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), including left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, aortic dissection and left ventricular rupture. We also describe that identification of bleeding originating from the posterior aspect of the heart by the surgical team should trigger a complete TEE evaluation for adequate diagnosis. An 84-year-old woman underwent a MV replacement. Weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) revealed a late-peaking gradient of 44 mmHg over the left ventricular outflow tract caused by obstruction from a bioprosthetic strut. After proper surgical correction, TEE evaluation showed a type A aortic dissection that was subsequently repaired. After separation from CPB, the surgical team identified a major bleed that originated from the posterior aspect of the heart. Although the initial suspicion was injury to the atrioventricular groove, a complete TEE evaluation confirmed a left ventricular free wall rupture by showing the dissecting jet using colour-flow Doppler. TEE is an essential component in cardiac surgery for assessment of surgical repair and potential complications. Posterior bleeding should trigger a complete TEE examination with assessment of nearby structures to rule out a life-threatening pathology. Left ventricular free wall rupture can be identified using colour-flow Doppler.
Genocide Prevention and Western National Security: The Limitations of Making R2P All About Us
Authors: Hiebert Maureen S.
Published: November 2015

The case for turning R2P and genocide prevention from principle to practice usually rests on the invocation of moral norms and duties to others. Calls have been made by some analysts to abandon this strategy and “sell” genocide prevention to government by framing it as a matter of our own national interest including our security. Governments’ failure to prevent atrocities abroad, it is argued, imperils western societies at home. If we look at how the genocide prevention-as-national security argument has been made we can see, however, that this position is not entirely convincing. I review two policy reports that make the case for genocide prevention based in part on national security considerations: Preventing Genocide: A Blue Print for U.S. Policymakers (Albright-Cohen Report); and the Will to Intervene Project. I show that both reports are problematic for two reasons: the “widened” traditional security argument advocated by the authors is not fully substantiated by the evidence provided in the reports; and alternate conceptions of security that would seem to support the linking of genocide prevention to western security—securitization and risk and uncertain—do not provide a solid logical foundation for operationalizing R2P. I conclude by considering whether we might appeal instead to another form of self interest, “reputational stakes”, tied to western states’ construction of their own identity as responsible members of the international community.
Nigel Worden (ed.), Cape Town between East and West: Social Identities in a Dutch Colonial Town
Authors: Huigen Siegfried
Published: November 2015

Nigel Worden (ed.), Cape Town between East and West: Social Identities in a Dutch Colonial Town (Johannesburg, Hilversum: Jacana, Verloren, 2012, xxii + 264 pp., isbn 978 1 4314 0292 2, 978 90 8704 290 5).
Wouter Troost, Istanbul en Den Haag. De betrekkingen tussen het Ottomaanse Rijk en de Republiek (1668-1699)
Authors: Williams Megan K.
Published: November 2015

Wouter Troost, Istanbul en Den Haag. De betrekkingen tussen het Ottomaanse Rijk en de Republiek (1668-1699) (Dordrecht: Republic of Letters, 2014, 364 pp., isbn 978 908979 129 0).