bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectory Simulation of Emergency Vehicles and Interactions with Surrounding Traffic
Authors: Cortés Cristián E. , Stefoni Bruno
Published: February 2023

Emergency services play an important role in the life of a city and are subject to constant public scrutiny. The efficient dispatch of emergency vehicles (EMVs) requires realistic shortest-path algorithms involving the movement of EMVs within an urban network under emergency conditions. Trip-time estimates used in shortest-path algorithms would be much more precise if it were possible to model more realistically the interactions between EMVs and surrounding traffic, as well as the reactions of other vehicles in the presence of an EMV. Therefore, EMV trajectories should be studied at the microscopic level to accurately model the impact of EMV travel along a path shared with other vehicles. In this research, we develop three models to incorporate specific non-EMV reactions associated with changing lanes, mounting the sidewalk, and approaching an intersection, plus two algorithms to actuate traffic lights at signalized intersections. These models and algorithms were coded in commercial microscopic traffic simulation software through the implementation of an application programming interface (API) designed to overcome the limitations of the software to realistically simulate disturbed traffic conditions and anomalous nonemergency vehicle driver behaviour observed in the presence of an EMV. Basic information about these real-world effects was gleaned from video footage recorded in Santiago, Chile, by traffic cameras, fire truck-mounted cameras, and truck-originated GPS pulses. To validate the design, a real EMV trip captured by the footage was simulated by the API. The simulation considerably reduced the degree of error in delineating the path followed by the EMV compared to the default simulations generated by most commercially available software, thereby demonstrating that the API can provide highly accurate estimates of EMV trip times in an emergency context.
Rapid and Nondestructive Identification of Origin and Index Component Contents of Tiegun Yam Based on Hyperspectral Imaging and Chemometric Method
Authors: Zhang Yue , Li Yuan , Zhou Cong , Zhou Junhui , Nan Tiegui , Yang Jian , Huang Luqi
Published: February 2023

Tiegun yam is a typical food and medicine agricultural product, which has the effects of nourishing the kidney and benefitting the lungs. The quality and price of Tiegun yam are affected by its origin, and counterfeiting and adulteration are common. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method to identify the origin and index component contents of Tiegun yam. Hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics was used, for the first time, to explore and implement the identification of origin and index component contents of Tiegun yam. The origin identification models were established by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) using full wavelength and feature wavelength. Compared with other models, MSC-PLS-DA is the best model, and the accuracy of the training set and prediction set is 100% and 98.40%. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF), and support vector regression (SVR) models were used to predict the contents of starch, polysaccharide, and protein in Tiegun yam powder. The optimal residual predictive deviation (RPD) values of starch, polysaccharide, and protein prediction models selected in this study were 5.21, 3.21, and 2.94, respectively. The characteristic wavelength extracted by the successive projections algorithm (SPA) method can achieve similar results as the full-wavelength model. These results confirmed the application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the identification of the origin and the rapid nondestructive prediction of starch, polysaccharide, and protein contents of Tiegun yam powder. Therefore, the HSI combined with the chemometric method was available for conveniently and accurately determining the origin and index component contents of Tiegun yam, which can expect to be an attractive alternative method for identifying the origin of other food.
Effect of the CHS on Seismic Responses of the Single-Layer Spherical Reticulated Shell under Vertical Seismic Motions
Authors: Xu Jie , Liu Renjie , Ji Ce , Wang Chao , Wang Guangyong
Published: February 2023

Single-layer spherical reticulated shells are typical roof structures for the gymnasiums. The center-hung scoreboard (CHS) is large weight display device which is usually suspended on the roof of the gymnasium. The effect of the CHS on the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses of the single-layer spherical reticulated shell (SPRS) is not fully clear. In this paper, the effect of the CHS on the SPRS under vertical seismic action is investigated. Two kinds of FE models are built with Abaqus software, including the flexibly suspended model and the simplified model. In a simplified model, the CHS is simplified as four fixed masses on the four CHS suspension nodes. The dynamic explicit method is used for the seismic responses, and the Lanczos method is used for the dynamic characteristics. The influence of the CHS weight and the sling length of on dynamic characteristics and seismic responses are analysed. It turns out that in the flexibly suspended model, the first three vibration modes are free swing of the CHS, and the CHS weight and the sling length have a significant impact on the fourth and subsequent modes. The length of the sling has a large impact on some low-order frequencies, but has little impact on the high-order frequencies. Compared with the simplified model, the axial forces of some structural members and some nodal acceleration in the flexibly suspended model under vertical seismic motions would increase by as high as 523% and 564%, respectively. It turns out that the seismic responses of the SPRS would be underestimated if a simplified model is used for analysis. The region in the central of the SPRS, the hoop members of the SPRS, and the support platform are the most affected regions in terms of both axial force and nodal acceleration.
CCAH: A CLIP‐Based Cycle Alignment Hashing Method for Unsupervised Vision‐Text Retrieval
Authors: Li Mingyong , Ma Longfei , Li Yewen , Ge Mingyuan
Published: February 2023

Due to the advantages of low storage cost and fast retrieval efficiency, deep hashing methods are widely used in cross‐modal retrieval. Images are usually accompanied by corresponding text descriptions rather than labels. Therefore, unsupervised methods have been widely concerned. However, due to the modal divide and semantic differences, existing unsupervised methods cannot adequately bridge the modal differences, leading to suboptimal retrieval results. In this paper, we propose CLIP‐based cycle alignment hashing for unsupervised vision‐text retrieval (CCAH), which aims to exploit the semantic link between the original features of modalities and the reconstructed features. Firstly, we design a modal cyclic interaction method that aligns semantically within intramodality, where one modal feature reconstructs another modal feature, thus taking full account of the semantic similarity between intramodal and intermodal relationships. Secondly, introducing GAT into cross‐modal retrieval tasks. We consider the influence of text neighbour nodes and add attention mechanisms to capture the global features of text modalities. Thirdly, Fine‐grained extraction of image features using the CLIP visual coder. Finally, hash encoding is learned through hash functions. The experiments demonstrate on three widely used datasets that our proposed CCAH achieves satisfactory results in total retrieval accuracy. Our code can be found at: https://github.com/CQYIO/CCAH.git.
GINS2 Promotes Osteosarcoma Tumorigenesis via STAT3/MYC Axis
Authors: Ren Bingkai , Zheng Yibin , Nie Lizhong , Wu Fanhui , Huang Leiwen , Wei Jingdu , Yang Dong
Published: February 2023

GINS2 is overexpressed in several cancers, but little is known about its role in osteosarcoma (OS). A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to explore the role of GINS2 in OS. In this study, we demonstrated that GINS2 was found to be highly expressed in OS tissues and cell lines, which was associated with poor outcomes in OS patients. GINS2 knockdown hindered the growth and induced apoptosis in OS cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, GINS2 knockdown effectively inhibited the growth of a xenograft tumor in vivo. By using an Affymetrix gene chip and intelligent pathway analysis, it was demonstrated that the GINS2 knockdown could reduce the expression of several targeted genes and reduce the activity of the MYC signaling pathway. Mechanically, LC-MS, CoIP, and rescue experiments revealed that GINS2 promoted tumor progression through the STAT3/MYC axis in the OS. Moreover, GINS2 was associated with tumor immunity and may be a potential immunotherapeutic target for OS.
Deep Q‐Learning Network Model for Optimizing Transit Bus Priority at Multiphase Traffic Signal Controlled Intersection
Authors: Zhong Nan , Liu Kaifeng , Li Yurong
Published: February 2023

When multiple bus vehicles send priority requests at a single intersection, the existing fixed‐phase sequence control methods cannot provide priority traffic request services for multiphase bus vehicles. In view of the conflict of multiphase bus priority requests at intersections, the priority vehicle traffic sequence is determined, which is the focus of this study. In this paper, a connected vehicle‐enabled transit signal priority system (CV‐TSPS) has been proposed, which uses vehicle‐infrastructure communication function (V2I) technology to obtain real‐time vehicle movement, road traffic states, and traffic signal light phase information. By developing a deep Q‐learning neural network (DQNN), especially for optimizing traffic signal control strategy, the public transit vehicles will be prioritized to improve their travel efficiency, while the overall delay of road traffic flow will be balanced to ensure the safe and orderly passage of intersections. In order to verify the validity of the model, the SUMO traffic analysis software has been applied to simulate real‐time traffic control, and the experimental results show that compared with the traditional timing signal control, the loss time of vehicles is reduced by nearly 40%, and the cumulative loss time per capita is reduced by nearly 43.5%, and a good control effect is achieved. In the case of medium and low densities, it is better than the solid scheduled traffic control scheme.
Field Validation of a Public Health Particulate Matter (PHPM) Low‐Cost PM2.5 Monitor and Commercial Sensors with Light Scattering Technology
Authors: Sakunkoo Pornpun , Kaewkun Patcharintorn , Leelapatra Watis , Maneenin Naowarat , Rayubkul Jetnapis , Suntivarakorn Ratchaphon , Jirapornkul Chananya , Sangkham Sarawut
Published: February 2023

Low‐cost PM2.5 sensors are the key to creating high‐resolution monitoring networks for localized reporting and increased public awareness. A low‐cost PM2.5 sensor using light‐scattering technology Public Health Particulate Matter (PHPM) was developed and validated against measurements from a commercial device that reports real‐time aerosol concentration and also collects gravimetric samples (DustTrak DRX Aerosol Monitor 8533). Linear regression of measurements from a controlled indoor site and three ambient air sites found that the novel PM2.5 sensor correlated well with the measured PM2.5 concentrations (r ≥ 0.90) at the three ambient air locations with PM2.5 concentrations ranging from 48 to 602 μg/m3 measured at 30‐minute intervals. The correlation was lower (r = 0.71) at the chamber, which used incense as a particulate matter source. The PHPM data of PM2.5 concentrations was using multiply with 2.33. The hope is that the PHPM device can provide an additional tool for participatory in community and increased public awareness about PM2.5 in Thailand. This PHPM device is more suitable for ambient air than the chamber. The PHPM device is inexpensive, portable, and can be charged with a power bank.
Abatacept/Ruxolitinib and Screening for Concomitant Respiratory Muscle Failure to Mitigate Fatality of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis
Authors: Salem Joe-Elie , Bretagne Marie , Abbar Baptiste , Leonard-Louis Sarah , Ederhy Stéphane , Redheuil Alban , Boussouar Samia , Nguyen Lee S. , Procureur Adrien , Stein Frederic , Fenioux Charlotte , Devos Perrine , Gougis Paul , Dres Martin , Demoule Alexandre , Psimaras Dimitri , Lenglet Timothee , Maisonobe Thierry , De Chambrun Marc Pineton , Hekimian Guillaume , Straus Christian , Gonzalez-Bermejo Jesus , Klatzmann David , Rigolet Aude , Guillaume-Jugnot Perrine , Champtiaux Nicolas , Benveniste Olivier , Weiss Nicolas , Saheb Samir , Rouvier Philippe , Plu Isabelle , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Kerneis Mathieu , Hammoudi Nadjib , Zahr Noel , Llontop Claudia , Morelot-Panzini Capucine , Lehmann Lorenz , Qin Juan , Moslehi Javid J. , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Similowski Thomas , Allenbach Yves
Published: February 2023

Immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI)–associated myotoxicity involves the heart (myocarditis) and skeletal muscles (myositis), which frequently occur concurrently and are highly fatal. We report the results of a strategy that included identification of individuals with severe ICI myocarditis by also screening for and managing concomitant respiratory muscle involvement with mechanical ventilation, as well as treatment with the CTLA4 fusion protein abatacept and the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib. Forty cases with definite ICI myocarditis were included with pathologic confirmation of concomitant myositis in the majority of patients. In the first 10 patients, using recommended guidelines, myotoxicity-related fatality occurred in 60%, consistent with historical controls. In the subsequent 30 cases, we instituted systematic screening for respiratory muscle involvement coupled with active ventilation and treatment using ruxolitinib and abatacept. The abatacept dose was adjusted using CD86 receptor occupancy on circulating monocytes. The myotoxicity-related fatality rate was 3.4% (1/30) in these 30 patients versus 60% in the first quartile (P < 0.0001). These clinical results are hypothesis-generating and need further evaluation.

Significance:

Early management of respiratory muscle failure using mechanical ventilation and high-dose abatacept with CD86 receptor occupancy monitoring combined with ruxolitinib may be promising to mitigate high fatality rates in severe ICI myocarditis.

See related commentary by Dougan, p. 1040.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1027
Poly(I:C) Exacerbates Airway Goblet Cell Hyperplasia and Lung Inflammation in HDM-Exposed Balb/C Mice by YAP/FOXM1 Pathway
Authors: Bu Mei-Ling , Li Meng-Hui , Feng Mei , Wang Jin-Rong , Sun Lifeng
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Respiratory viral infection in childhood is closely associated with asthmatic attacks. Of all predisposing factors, viral infection is the primary contributor to acute childhood asthma exacerbations. However, the mechanisms involved in viral asthma are unclear. This study attempted to provide insights into molecular mechanisms in respiratory virus-induced acute asthma exacerbations. Methods: House dust mite (HDM) was given by intranasal administration to induce asthma in mice. Poly(I:C) was used to mimic the viral infection. A selective YAP inhibitor, verteporfin (VP), was used to investigate the role of the YAP/FOXM1 pathway. The expression of YAP, FOXM1, cytokines, and inflammatory cells in lung tissue, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was determined using RT-PCR, immunohistochemical, ELISA, and flow cytometry studies. The methacholine challenge assesses airway hyperresponsiveness. In 16HBE cell experiments, we selectively inhibited YAP and FOXM1 by VP and RCM1, respectively, and detected the expression of YAP and FOXM1. Results: The experimental studies have confirmed the YAP/FOXM1 pathway plays a vital role in the differentiation and proliferation of airway club cells into goblet cells and lung inflammation. Poly(I:C) upregulated the expression of FOXM1 by activating transcription factor YAP in mice airway epithelial cells and then promoted the expression of downstream transcription factors SPDEF/MUC5AC, resulting in airway mucus hypersecretion and hyperresponsiveness. In addition, Poly(I:C) facilitates the expression of inflammatory factors in lung tissue. All of these events induce asthma exacerbations. The in vitro studies have confirmed that YAP positively regulates FOXM1 in airway epithelial cells. Conclusion: Poly(I:C) promotes airway epithelial goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. It also upregulates the expression of inflammatory factors in lung tissue and BALF in asthmatic mice by the YAP/FOXM1 pathway, resulting in asthma attacks.
¿Experimentan los trabajadores de la salud un mayor riesgo de síntomas respiratorios y perdida de la función pulmonar?
Authors: Madrid-Mejía Wilmer Alejandro
Published: February 2023

Background: Hospital work environment contains various biological and chemical exposures that can affect indoor air quality and have impact on respiratory health of the staff. The objective of this study was to investigate potential effects of occupational exposures on the risk of respiratory symptoms and lung function in hospital work, and to evaluate potential interaction between smoking and occupational exposures. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 228 staff members in a hospital and 228 employees of an office building as the reference group in Shiraz, Iran. All subjects completed a standardized ATS respiratory questionnaire and performed a spirometry test. Results: In Poisson regression, the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) among the hospital staff were elevated for cough (aPR 1.90, 95% CI 1.15, 3.16), phlegm production (aPR 3.21, 95% CI 1.63, 6.32), productive cough (aPR 2.83, 95% CI 1.48, 5.43), wheezing (aPR 3.18, 95% CI 1.04, 9.66), shortness of breath (aPR 1.40, 95% CI 0.93, 2.12), and chest tightness (aPR 1.73, 95% CI 0.73, 4.12). Particularly laboratory personnel experienced increased risks of most symptoms. In linear regression adjusting for confounding, there were no significant differences in lung function between the hospital and office workers. There was an indication of synergism between hospital exposures and current smoking on FEV1/FVC% (interaction term β = −5.37, 95% CI −10.27, −0.47). Conclusions: We present significant relations between hospital work, especially in laboratories, and increased risks of respiratory symptoms. Smoking appears to enhance these effects considerably. Our findings suggest that policymakers should implement evidence-based measures to prevent these occupational exposures.
Uneventful Phacoemulsification after Trabeculectomy in Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma versus Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Tekcan Hatice , Mangan Mehmet Serhat , İmamoglu Serhat
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Conflicting results have been reported on phacoemulsification in the filtered eyes with open-angle glaucoma. In this study, we aim to compare the effect of phacoemulsification after trabeculectomy between pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Consecutive patients with XFG and POAG who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification after trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil (TRAB-PHACO group) were reviewed retrospectively and matched to patients who underwent trabeculectomy only (TRAB group). Comparisons were performed for IOP, medication numbers, and success rates. Surgical failure was defined as IOP >21 mm Hg or IOP ≤21 mm Hg with additional medication or glaucoma surgery. Survival analysis was investigated by Kaplan-Meier test and the factors influencing final success by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The records of 204 patients were reviewed. In XFG, when compared with the baseline, increase in IOP became statistically significant at the at 24-month visit in the TRAB-PHACO group (p = 0.002), at the 6-month visit (p = 0.001) in the TRAB group and remained so throughout the follow-up. In the TRAB-PHACO group, increase of glaucoma medications was statistically significant only at the last visit (p = 0.001) in XFG, at the 6-month visit (p = 0.02) in POAG and remained so throughout the follow-up. Two glaucoma types did not differ statistically from one another in terms of survival analysis. In the TRAB group, the additional glaucoma surgery was more common in XFG compared to POAG (p = 0.02). The trabeculectomy failure after phacoemulsification was related with an IOP spike >25 mm Hg at postoperative first 24h (p = 0.04). Conclusions: In the filtered eyes with XFG, uneventful phacoemulsification may delay time-related worsening in IOP control and may decrease the additional glaucoma surgery need.
Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy for Treating an Esophago-Pulmonary Fistula after Esophagectomy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kamaleddine Imad , Popova Magdalena , Alwali Ahmed , Schafmayer Clemens
Published: February 2023

An acquired esophago-respiratory fistula represents an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the respiratory system. It is usually caused by malignancy and infection, or it occurs as a complication after surgery or radiation therapy. It can be divided according to its anatomical level into esophago-tracheal fistula, esophago-bronchial fistula, and in the rarest case, esophago-pulmonary fistula (EPF). We present a case of EPF aggravating an anastomotic leak (AL) after the Ivor-Lewis operation for esophageal cancer. The leak was treated with endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) using the Eso-Sponge® system (B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany). In the further course of treatment, an EPF was suspected by a new onset of severe cough after oral fluid intake. The suspicion was confirmed by injecting methylene blue dye into the paraesophageal-extraluminal cavity during endoscopy and attesting to its presence in the respiratory tract by simultaneous bronchoscopy. Furthermore, an oral contrast computed tomography scan showed the presence of contrast in the right lower lobe of the lung. This complication was treated conservatively with EVT and antibiotics. Nutrition was administered through the existing jejunostomy. Both fistulas and the paraesophageal cavity were fully healed, oral intake was maintained, and the patient was discharged. This rare life-threatening complication can be treated conservatively. Its management is challenging, controversial, and lacks a general consensus.
Tunnels in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Active Inflammatory Entities with Specific Molecular and Genetic Profiles – A Narrative Review
Authors: Krajewski Piotr K. , Szepietowski Jacek C. , Martorell Antonio
Published: February 2023

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, debilitating disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Dermal tunnels, sinus tracts, or fistulas are unique features of HS. One may hypothesize that HS tunnels remain active and may contribute to inflammation and disease severity. Summary: Increased inflammatory infiltrate with an increased number and densities of immune cells was reported in HS tunnels. Moreover, significantly higher levels of IL-36, Il-17A, IL-17C, IL-17F, and CXCL8 mRNA compared to non-tunnel HS skin were found. Furthermore, in the lumen, a proliferative gelatinous mass consisting of inflammatory cells with similar cytokine levels as inflammatory HS lesions was found. It was also proven that HS sinus tracts are often colonized by Porphyromonas spp. and Prevotella spp. with a tendency to biofilm creation. The genetic profile of HS tunnels varies from non-tunnel HS skin, with upregulation of pro-inflammatory and downregulation of anti-inflammatory genes. Lastly, treatment with newly developed drugs targeting different subunits of IL-17 seems promising in decreasing dermal tunnel drainage and in the resolution of sinus tracts. Moreover, a higher percentage of patients treated with these drugs achieved HiSCR75 and HiSCR90.
Number Needed to Diagnose in Malignant Ascites: Effects of Volume, Repeating Collection, and Primary Malignancy on Diagnostic Performance in Peritoneal Fluid Cytology
Authors: Ng Joanna K.M. , Chow Lok Hang , Ngai Annabelle M.Y. , Chan Ronald C.K. , Lee Jacqueline H.S. , Lee Alfred L.H. , Li Joshua J.X. , To Curtis C.K. , Tse Gary M.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Volume recommendations of 80–200 mL have been proposed for peritoneal fluid cytology. While cutoffs are impractical when volume is limited by the amount present and disease factors, collections, however, can be repeated. This study addresses adequacy and number needed to diagnose by comparing diagnostic agreement to volumes in single specimens, total volumes collected daily, and within admissions. The diagnostic yield of repeating collection within a single day, admission, and throughout admissions of a patient’s lifetime was also investigated. Methods: Peritoneal fluid cytology specimens over a 27-year period were retrieved and matched by collection date, admission number, and patient number. Case notes were reviewed to establish all cases of malignant ascites. Results: In total, 19,392 specimens from 14,327 admissions and 11,089 patients were retrieved, with 1,531 patients confirmed with malignant ascites. Agreements between cytologic diagnoses within the same day and admission were high (κ > 0.8). Fluid volume increased with grade of cytologic diagnosis (p < 0.001), and greater volume was associated with higher discordance (p < 0.05). Specimens of 60–100 mL showed the best diagnostic concordance. To achieve a 99.5% diagnostic rate, three sequential aliquots, collections from two different days in an admission, or three admissions within a lifetime are required. The diagnostic yield of one aliquot within batches from the same day was only 88.9%. Gastrointestinal (p = 0.040), gynecologic (p = 0.005), and lung (p < 0.001) malignancies required the least repeats for diagnosis. Conclusions: Omission of any fluid from laboratory submission is strongly discouraged. As a simple rule, three repeats are necessary for excluding malignant ascites.
Comparison between Traditional Classroom and Flipped Classroom on Student’s Engagement and Satisfaction
Authors: Sarker Pramath Chandra , Siddique Md. Nur-E-Alam , Sultana Sabina , Pal Subrata Kumer
Published: February 2023

Background: The implications of flipped classrooms are increasing day by day around the world for better benefits compared to traditional classrooms. But the application and research about this field are insufficient in Bangladesh Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom learning environment on students’ engagement and satisfaction compared to a traditional classroom. Methods: Result showed a significant difference in student engagement and satisfaction with flipped classroom being favored over traditional classroom. A cross-sectional survey research was conducted using a 5-point Likert-type questionnaire to measure student engagement and satisfaction, respectively, on both the traditional classroom and the flipped classroom.  Data were collected from 79 participants from the traditional classroom and 61 participants from the flipped classroom. After six weeks of intervention on flipped classroom method, again a survey was carried out to discover student engagement and satisfaction. The obtained data were analyzed by employing descriptive statistics, t-test, and correlation by SPSS version 26, Microsoft Excel version 19, and an online t-test calculator. Results: The study's findings revealed a significant mean difference in student engagement and satisfaction between the traditional and flipped classrooms. The outcomes also showed that students were more engaged and satisfied with flipped classrooms than with traditional classrooms. Another outcome to note is that the flipped classroom was also able to differentiate students based on class activity and regularity, while the traditional classroom could not. Conclusion:  The findings suggest that the flipped classroom model has the potential to be the ideal education system in the 21st century and to address the 4th Industrial Revolution. Further investigation, assessment, and modification are necessary for widespread implementation.
Composite Measures of Brain Activation Predict Individual Differences in Behavioral Stroop Interference
Authors: Smith Louisa L. , Snyder Hannah R. , Hankin Benjamin L. , Banich Marie T.
Published: February 2023

The goal of the current study was to interrogate aspects of the cascade-of-control model [Banich, M. T. Executive function: The search for an integrated account. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 89–94, 2009; Banich, M. T. The Stroop effect occurs at multiple points along a cascade of control: Evidence from cognitive neuroscience approaches. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2164, 2019], a neurocognitive model that posits how portions of pFC interact in a cascade-like manner to overcome interference from task-irrelevant information, and to test whether it could be used to predict individual differences in cognitive control outside the scanner. Participants (n = 62) completed two fMRI Word–Picture Stroop tasks, one containing emotional stimuli and one containing non-emotional stimuli, as well as a behavioral out-of-scanner Color–Word Stroop task at each of two time points. In a departure from the traditional approach of using a single task contrast to index neural activation across all ROIs, the current study utilized specific ROI by contrast pairings selected based on the specific level of control hypothesized by the cascade-of-control model to occur within that region. In addition, data across both tasks and both time points were combined to create composite measures of neural activation and of behavior. Consistent with the cascade-of-control model, individual differences in brain activation for specific contrasts within each of the three ROIs were associated with behavioral interference on the standard Color–Word Stroop task. Testing of alternative models revealed that these brain–behavior relationships were specific to the theoretically driven ROI by contrast pairings. Furthermore, such relationships were not observed across single-task and single-time point measures, but instead emerged from the composite measures. These findings provide evidence that brain activation observed across multiple regions of frontal cortex, each of which likely exerts cognitive control in a differential manner, is capable of predicting individual differences in behavioral performance.
Investigating the Relationship between Air Pollution, Meteorology, and COPD Trends in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal
Authors: Prox Lauren
Published: February 2023

Spanning 464.24 km2, Pokhara Metropolitan City is Nepal’s largest city by area. With over 400 000 residents, it is also Nepal’s second most populous city. This research investigated a biometeorological system present within Pokhara Metropolitan City concerning air pollution, meteorological conditions, and health. Different aspects of this system are more or less influential in various regions of the city, and understanding these relationships can assist with future health interventions for limiting exposure to pollutants. This research was completed using datasets published in government records and scientific literature, showcasing what can be accomplished with open-source data. Key findings were a positive correlation between air pollution levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospital admissions to Pokhara’s Western Regional Hospital and a negative correlation between meteorological measurements and hospital admissions. These findings aligned with the general body of literature on risk factors for COPD hospitalizations. Multivariate regressions yielded better predictions for hospital admissions using both mean low and high temperatures as opposed to using one temperature variable, which implied both daily low and high temperatures are related to hospital admissions. Results also revealed air pollution levels for pollutants ≤ 10 and > 2.5 μm were better predictors of hospital admissions than air pollutants sized 2.5 μm and below. Findings prompted questions about the relationships between different pollutant sizes and their correlations to COPD hospitalizations. Findings also yielded questions about health interventions and Pokhara’s built environment, which may be investigated in future research.
Oral ‘Board Style' Examination for Surgery Clerkship
Authors: Rauh Jessica L. , Lehane Alison J. , Sieren Leah M.
Published: February 2023

Evaluating medical students during surgical clerkships relies on multifactorial methods of evaluation. Clinical evaluations, combined with standardized multiple-choice exams, are often the foundation of evaluation highlighting the challenge of combining subjective and objective measurements. Oral board exams are standard amongst medical certification and employ an additional element to evaluate students more holistically. Course evaluations from years that incorporated an oral board exam were compared to a year that omitted the exam. We found course satisfaction was higher in the years that included the oral exam (3.25 /5) than years without the oral board exam (3/ 5). The oral exam adds a novel element to the evaluation of a medical student that allows for a comprehensive understanding of a student’s fund of knowledge and helps prepare them for future board certifications. Because students have an opportunity to demonstrate knowledge in a standard, more comprehensive format, they have higher satisfaction with the course.
Sunken Skin Flap Syndrome: Neurological Dysfunction After Decompressive Craniectomy
Authors: Archer Allen D. , McBride Mary E. , Fullagar Timothy M. , Burns J. Bracken , Lawson Christy M.
Published: February 2023

Sunken Skin Flap Syndrome (or Syndrome of the Trephined) following a head trauma is rare, but most often results from complications after decompressive craniectomy. This syndrome is most often characterized by neurological dysfunction that improves with cranioplasty. Early diagnosis and treatment are critically important to long term neurological improvement. This is a case report of a 49-year-old male who fell down a flight of stairs and was found unresponsive. Initial imaging revealed extensive head trauma. Neurosurgery performed an emergency decompressive craniectomy, but his post-operative course was complicated by the development of sunken flap syndrome one month after his initial surgery, diagnosed by an acute neurological decline and emergent CT imaging. A review of the literature indicates that this is a rarely documented finding, and this case report discusses the critical components of diagnosis and treatment of this unusual and potentially lethal condition.
Morphological and mechanical properties of foamed thick-walled Wood-Plastic-Composite structures
Authors: Moritzer Elmar , Flachmann Felix
Published: February 2023

Microcellular wood fiber reinforced polymers offer the possibility to reduce the use of fossil raw materials. In particular, thick-walled structures with thicknesses greater than 6 mm offer a high potential for weight savings. This study investigates the cell structures and mechanical properties of injection-molded test specimens. The influence of different thicknesses (6–10 mm) along with different chemical blowing agents (endothermic, exothermic) with varying dosages (0–2 wt%) is analyzed. The investigations reveal that exothermic chemical blowing agents form finer cells consistently to thin-walled structures than endothermic ones. Higher foaming agent content leads to higher pore fractions, with many small cells coalescing into a large open-pore cell network. The mechanical properties depend mainly on the pore content of the sample. The specific tensile properties deteriorate with the use of chemical blowing agents (CFA), whereas the sandwich structure produced with compact edge layers has a positive influence on the specific flexural properties.
Friction stir welding of polypropylene based graphene nanocomposites fabricated with 3-D printing: An investigation on the microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Afshari Mahmoud , Hardani Hatam , Hamounpeyma Mahdi , Samadi Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2023

Polymer nanocomposites find diverse applications in the aerospace, automobile and electronic industries due to good corrosion resistance, high specific strength and excellent processing ability. However, the production of complex and larger parts typically requires welding technology. In this research, fused filament fabrication technique was used to prepare polypropylene nanocomposite reinforced with graphene nanoplates. The polypropylene/graphene nanocomposites were then joined using the friction stir welding. Afterward, different analyses such as thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing and hardness testing were applied to examine the effects of the process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. The results of thermal analysis indicated that the addition of graphene nanoplates improved the melting point and crystallinity percentage of the polypropylene nanocomposite. Mechanical characterization of the welded samples indicated that the increase of rotational speed from 500 to 750 rpm enhanced the tensile strength of weld joint, while it reduced the hardness. Moreover, an increase in the welding speed from 10 to 30 mm/min resulted in a reduction in the tensile strength and an improvement in the hardness. The highest tensile strength of the weld was obtained by addition of 1 wt% graphene to polypropylene, whereas the hardness of the weld was maximized by addition of 2 wt% graphene. Nevertheless, the desirable combination of the process parameters for simultaneous enhancement of tensile strength and hardness was achieved by rotational speed of 667 rpm, welding speed of 16 mm/min and graphene content of 1.5 wt%.
Mental Health and Recovery Needs Among Women Substance Use Disorder Treatment Clients With Stalking Victimization Experiences
Authors: Logan TK , Cole Jennifer
Published: February 2023

This study examined mental health and recovery needs at substance use disorder (SUD) program entry and at follow-up ( n = 2064) among: (1) women with no stalking victimization; (2) women with lifetime stalking victimization experiences; and (3) women with recent stalking victimization experiences (within 12 months of program entry). Stalking can be defined as a repeated pattern of behavior that creates fear or concern for safety or extreme emotional distress in the target. Women who experienced any stalking victimization, and particularly recent stalking victimization at program entry, had more recovery needs and increased mental health symptoms. At follow-up, women with any stalking victimization experiences continued to have more recovery needs with few differences between the lifetime and recent stalking victimization groups. Stalking victimization experiences were significantly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in the multivariate analysis. Addressing stalking victimization during SUD treatment may be important to facilitate recovery.
Crime, Consumption, and Choice: On the Interchangeability of Licit and Illicit Income
Authors: Nguyen Holly , Loughran Thomas A. , Topalli Volkan
Published: February 2023

We examine the rational assumption of the interchangeability of legal and illegal monies. Drawing from economics, behavioral economics, and sociology we answer two main research questions: (1) Do offenders perceive money earned across various income-generating activities (legal vs. illegal) in the same way? (2) How do consumption patterns (spending and saving) differ across various forms of income-generating activities?

We use an a priori mixed methods approach with two interrelated studies; a quantitative survey of incarcerated offenders (N  =  58) and a qualitative study of semi-structured interviews from four separate previous research projects (N  =  107).

We find evidence for the existence of differential consumption patterns based on quantitative and qualitative data from both incarcerated and active offenders regarding their patterns of spending legal and illegal money.

Our findings have implications for choice theories of crime, for public policy approaches to poverty, and crime prevention interventions.
A Technology Report on Nearpod
Authors: Caroy Analyn A
Published: February 2023

In the post-pandemic educational context where learning modalities are either hybrid flexible or purely face-to-face, the use of digital presentation tools remains valuable, particularly for educators whose courses are still being delivered online. With the abundance of accessible websites, applications and software, selecting the most appropriate tool to meet the learning objectives and address students’ various learning styles and preferences may be challenging. Also, integrating digital technologies with the institution's learning management system is something to consider. Nearpod, an online digital presentation tool, provides numerous features that cater to the varied learning styles of students, fostering, among others, socio-emotional learning, expressive and receptive skills, inclusiveness, critical thinking, collaboration and learner agency. This digital technology's features may be utilized for priming activities, discussion and assessment. Despite the promising features of Nearpod, the extent of its usefulness may be limited by challenges such as poor Internet access.
Climate change as superordinate curriculum?
Authors: Long David , Henderson Joseph
Published: February 2023

Despite being one of the largest carbon emitters in the world, the United States has little direct emphasis on climate change in its schools. Even where there is desire to teach climate change, the politicization of climate change sees school leaders steering teachers away from the topic. This piece examines what we know about climate change education in the U.S., what types of curriculum we have had, what historical conditions saw the U.S. curriculum change, and asks whether and how climate change can and should be a superordinate concern of U.S. schooling. As U.S. schools on whole have never been a site of equity concerning matters of race, class, gender, and many other issues, we ask whether climate change will be subsumed or taken up as a concern. We pose two alternate futures: one in which the scale of climate change as a problem sees changes in how we educate our young and affect the future, or another where the potential for a healthy climate becomes a prime concern of burgeoning revanchist, fascistic leaning governments worldwide and ecofascist social movements within them.
Entrepreneurial action and eudaimonic well-being in a crisis: Insights from entrepreneurs in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Eib Constanze , Bernhard-Oettel Claudia
Published: February 2023

Based on transactional stress theory, this article provides an empirical glimpse into how entrepreneurs in Sweden have experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors investigated the impact of two crisis-induced stressors (unpredictability, loneliness) on two aspects of entrepreneurial success (business and personal success) through the indirect effect of eudaimonic well-being. They examined the role of crisis-related entrepreneurial actions (applying for government financial support, engaging in online business activities). Results from a sample of entrepreneurs operating in Sweden in the summer of 2020 revealed that unpredictability and loneliness were negatively related to business and personal success via eudaimonic well-being. Results for the moderating effects of the crisis-related entrepreneurial actions revealed mixed findings. The results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms that tie entrepreneurial stressors and opportunities for action to eudaimonic well-being, and in turn, entrepreneurial success in the early days of the crisis caused by the pandemic.
“How may i help?”: Using New Amsterdam as a case study to link theory to practice
Authors: Rauhaus Beth M.
Published: February 2023

Teaching public administration theory and linking it to practice can be challenging; yet are central goals to MPA programs. Using relevant examples that students can relate to is instrumental in achieving the pedagogical goals of linking theory to practice and achieving the NASPAA competencies. New Amsterdam is used as a case study for MPA students to achieve the above mentioned goals. In this work, I provide a list of episodes accompanied by themes of the episode and core public administration areas each apply to such as budgeting, human resources, decision making, as well as discussion questions used. This work contributes to our pedagogical toolbox by adding relevant examples in a healthcare administration setting that helps students master the NASPAA competencies while linking theory to practice.
Value extraction through refugee carcerality: Data, labour and financialised accommodation
Authors: Martin Lauren L , Tazzioli Martina
Published: February 2023

In this article, we argue that modes of labour and value extraction have been under-researched and under-theorised in critical geographical research on migration, asylum and refugee humanitarianism. We examine data production, voluntary work programmes and financialised asylum housing as key sites through which value is extracted from asylum-seekers’ unpaid and reproductive activities. We argue that specific forms of migrant carcerality are, firstly, grounded in migrants’ and asylum-seekers’ carceral conditions and exclusion from paid work. Secondly, we argue that subtle forms of coercion and conditionality at work in asylum hosting require asylum-seekers’ invisible and unpaid labour. Thirdly, we show how financialised real estate firms further capitalise on government contracts for asylum housing, rendering accommodation as another site of value extraction. We thereby expand conceptualisations of carceral economies of migration control beyond detention and confinement and elaborate the specific forms of labour and value extraction emerging from migration, asylum and refugee governance.
Successful closure of a duodenal perforation caused by endoscopic ultrasound with an over-the-scope clip: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhu Wanlin , Wang Jianbo
Published: February 2023

Duodenal perforation is a rare but severe complication during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and typically requires surgical intervention. With the widespread clinical use of over-the-scope clips (OTSCs), we aimed to evaluate their efficacy and safety for the closure of a duodenal perforation caused by EUS-FNA. A 79-year-old woman underwent EUS-FNA for a suspected low-density nodule in the head of the pancreas. However, duodenal perforation occurred during EUS-FNA. To minimize the patient’s pain postoperatively compared with surgical intervention, we used an OTSC to close the perforation immediately and administered drug treatment for 2 weeks. The patient was discharged after complete recovery. OTSC is considered an effective and safe choice for closing a perforation at the upper corner of the duodenal bulb without surgical intervention.