bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Injury, Emotional Labor and Burnout: An Unbearable Burden for Health Professionals
Authors: Safdar Chaudhry Aqeel , Qayyum Rashid
Published: July 2021

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4794

How to cite this:Safdar CA, Qayyum R. Moral Injury, Emotional Labor and Burnout: An Unbearable Burden for Health Professionals. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1256-1258. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4794

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Silence, gender and metamorphosis in Joanna Walsh’s ‘Worlds from the Word’s End’
Authors: Fagan Paul
Published: July 2021

This article explores paradoxical silence as a strategy of contemporary feminist short story writing in Joanna Walsh’s ‘Worlds from the Word’s End’ (2017). To draw out the story’s engagements with writing women’s agency beyond the binaries of embodiment and disembodiment, passivity and activity, inner and outer life, it reads Walsh’s text at the nexus of three interrelated traditions. First, it situates the story within a genealogy of women’s ‘non-writing’, which develops new aesthetic strategies through the short story form for both writing and reading the silences of women. Secondly, it explores the significance of women’s speech loss in Ovid’s The Metamorphoses to the transformative drive of Walsh’s poetics of silence, with a specific focus on the figure of Echo. Thirdly, it places Walsh’s epistolary short story into conversation with philosophical debates about the distinct silences of plenitude and vacuum, transcendence and immanence, the human and the nonhuman, by reading it comparatively with Hugo von Hofmannsthal’s ‘Ein Brief’. In conclusion, it is argued that ‘Worlds from the Word’s End’ ironizes the Ovidian topos of the silent figure who nevertheless speaks her desires in order to trouble the binaries that regulate strategies of voluntary silence in the feminist short story.
Creating a safe space: Co-teaching as a method to encourage learning and development in the Higher Education classroom
Authors: Sweeney Kenneth Mark
Published: July 2021

The use of the classroom as a learning space is integral for the development of all participants. This article explores how co-teaching within a Higher Education classroom environment can be used as a safe space for students and tutors to develop their pedagogical skills through connections, conversation, peer learning and inclusivity. Offering the opportunity to provide a ‘safe space’ for students and academics can prove to be a crucial experience to promote expressiveness, creativity and hone various communication skills. It allows students engage with their thoughts without fear of derision discussing a topic that is new, or they are initially unsure of. This can evoke confidence to actively participate where in traditional circumstances they may abstain. Simultaneously, this method can be effectively used for academic tutors, particularly those new to the role, to practice new teaching techniques, activities or assessments with the full support of a secondary colleague to ensure that the required learning objectives are met. This reflective analysis addresses three essential aspects that enhance learning and make the co-teaching opportunity unique; how co-teaching offers support for additional non-specific learning objectives, the notion of the ‘safe space’; and building relationships. These factors work together to reassess a sense of power sharing, and develop a new culture. Whilst the notion of co-teaching may evoke different perspectives from varying standpoints, and also does have some potential drawbacks, by ultimately taking a fresh look at the method and taking advantage of the unique opportunities for learning it brings there lies a potential to reinvigorate the higher education classroom environment in the light of changing approaches to digital and non-classroom learning that are emerging.
Building a Sense Of Belonging in students: Using a participatory approach with staff to share academic practice
Authors: Smith Susan , Pickford Ruth , Edwards Lyn , Priestley Janice , Sellers Rebecca , Sinclair Georgi
Published: July 2021

This paper outlines ongoing work undertaken by a university educational development team to strengthen and share colleagues’ academic practice in relation to inclusive learning and teaching activities interventions. The paper outlines our institutional “Fora” structure (coordinated by The Centre for Learning and Teaching) and, taking one of the three Forum events as a modelled example, shows how consideration of the research literature informed colleagues’ discussion and catalysed the sharing of written and oral best practice through participatory action research (PAR) to ultimately build a resource guide. This paper specifically focuses on exploring the different approaches that colleagues adopted to build their students’ “sense of belonging” (both for the face to face and online experiences). A student’s perceived strong sense of belonging to their university can be a core factor in enhancing student satisfaction, engagement and retention (Pickford, 2016; Thomas, 2014). Critique and consideration of Ahn & Davis’ s (2019) four domains of belonging formed the starting point for the discussion. Digital tools and pedagogic approaches sourced from colleagues who have found them valuable in developing student engagement and belonging during the Covid-19 crisis are also explored.
Learners, teachers and places: A conceptual framework for creative pedagogies
Authors: Tasler Nathalie , Dale Vicki Harcus Morgan
Published: July 2021

This exploratory paper introduces a theoretical framework which helps educators in higher education to navigate the complex relationships between self, students, and place. It is also written for academic developers who support the evolving identities and pedagogies of lecturers undertaking professional development.  The framework focuses on students, teachers and places as actors (first space) that interact, giving rise to transformational (second) spaces. At the heart of the framework (third space), all three actors dynamically interact through creative pedagogies for active, transformational learning, physically and/or digitally. Although the term ‘third space’ typically refers to the merging of two physical places (Flessner, 2014), we perceive it here as a merging of three ‘actors’ with constantly changing identities to create a dynamic third space for transformation and student-centred learning
Dialogic assessment in the context of professional recognition: perspectives from the canoe
Authors: Smart Fiona , Floyd Sarah , Davies Vicky , Dransfield Mark
Published: July 2021

This paper seeks to spark a conversation as it concerns dialogue as an assessment tool and the processes which may be needed to support it. While its context is specific, focused on the use of dialogic assessment in HEA Fellowship schemes, it is suggested that the metaphor which emerged from a collective autoethnographic study has the potential to be of value more widely. Data from this study indicated that dialogic assessment might be likened to a canoe trip which requires careful planning and skillful execution. The five phases identified - designing the vessel, getting aboard, settling in/ settling down, navigating the space and forward-wash – are overviewed with the intention of provoking discussion in the academic practice community, drawing into the conversation individuals who are concerned with assessment for learning generally, and those who have particular interest in the potential of dialogic assessment which culminates in a summative judgement. As such it adds to the literature focused on assessment in higher education by drawing to the fore the conditions in which dialogic approaches can thrive for the individual being assessed, while also facilitating reciprocal learning.
Book Review: 'Writing your journal article in twelve weeks: A guide to academic publishing success'
Authors: Tilbury Ann
Published: July 2021

An abstract for a book review is not required and therefore not included with the submission
Anti-Ballistic Properties of Aramid Fabrics and Composites: A Review
Authors: Miao Yajing , Yang Dan , Xin Binjie
Published: July 2021

In studies of ballistic impact, the materials used in body armor must have high hardness, light weight, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, and other high performance characteristics. Aramid fibers are widely used in anti-ballistic materials. To facilitate the further development of aramid materials, this study reviews aramid research in recent years and analyzes the main factors affecting, and new methods for optimizing, anti-ballistic performance, with the emphasis on bulletproof fabrics. This review provides suggestions for future research and use of aramid materials for anti-ballistic performance.
Single Step Mercerization and Formaldehyde-Free Polyfunctional Finishing on Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Chowdhury Muksit Ahamed , Hossain Sonia , Fatema Konica Jannat
Published: July 2021

Mercerization, the treatment of cotton with concentrated sodium hydroxide under tension, is performed to enhance absorption, luster, strength and dimensional stability. After mercerization, the unreacted sodium hydroxide is neutralized with acids. Neutralization with polycarboxylic acids (PCAs) is likely not only to crosslink the cellulose molecules, but to also enhance other functional attributes like crease recovery behavior, fame retardancy, and soil release properties. In this research, four PCAs with different functional groups were used for fabric neutralization to merge mercerization and poly-functional finishing into one continuous process. The PCA treated fabrics were then assessed for their performance. All four PCAs were effective in improving crease recovery and soil release properties, and reducing the flammability, of the treated cotton fabric.
Structural Impact on Some Common Physical Properties of Single Jersey Weft Knit Fabric
Authors: Amin Md. Ruhul , Mahmud Md. Arif , Anannya Ferdausee Rahman
Published: July 2021

Single jersey weft knit fabrics include a large portion of knitted products. These fabrics are made using different types of stitches. In this study, several single jersey weft knit fabric samples containing four courses and two wales in the repeating unit of the fabric structure were made by introducing and gradually increasing the number of tuck stitches in the structure, to find out the effect of this stitch on fabric properties. Results showed that tuck stitches could positively affect the areal density, width, and tensile properties of the fabric. For some comfort-related properties, tuck stitches were found to improve wicking and drying properties, reduce water vapor transmission rate, and affect fabric smoothness. The position of tuck stitches in the structure also had some effect, but was not as significant as when the number of tuck stitches was varied.
Analisis Struktur dan Pola Kalimat pada Karangan Anak Penyandang Tunagrahita Sedang IQ 40-50: Kajian Sintaksis
Authors: Al-Mubarrok Muhammad Ramdlan , Wagiati Wagiati
Published: July 2021

This study is entitled Analysis of Sentence Structure and Patterns in the Writing of Children with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities IQ 40-50: Syntax Study. The purpose is to determine the writing ability of children with mental retardation by analyzing structure and pattern of sentences obtained from them essays. The data in this study were obtained using listening techniques and skillful fishing techniques. The method used is the orthographic equivalent method. In addition, researchers also used the Distribusional Agih method with the BUL technique. Sources of data obtained in this study came from students of Purnama Asih Special School, people with moderate mental retardation with an average IQ of 40-50 as informants. The results showed that the types of writing for children with mental retardation included single sentences, equivalent compound sentences, and multilevel compound sentences. Equivalent compound sentences and multi-level compound sentences often appear imperfectly.
Nilai Sosial Budaya dalam Novel Proelium Karya Febrialdi R
Authors: Deviyani Deviyani , Chaerul Andrie , Sutri Sutri
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the socio-cultural values in the novel Proelium by Febrialdi R. The method used is qualitative research. The approach used in this research is the sociology of literature approach. data collection in this research is reading and taking notes. Then the results of this study can find the socio-cultural values contained in the novel Proelium by Febrialdi R.the socio-cultural values in question are polite, community condition, social interaction, and writing via social media. Socio-cultural values are the characters that Irham has when interacting in the community. Irham's habits in society create culture, one of which is courtesy. This research helps make readers aware that the socio-cultural values must be possessed by each individual to create positive habits of interacting in society.
Godaan Versus Integritas Seorang Hakim dalam Cerpen “Yang Mulia” Karya Insan Budi Maulana (Pendekatan Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud)
Authors: Falah Fajrul
Published: July 2021

This research is based on the short story "Yang Mulia" by Insan Budi Maulana, indicated to reflect the reality of law enforcement practices.  There are unethical practices carried out by law enforcers (judges). This unethical practice becomes biased because it is done by many people and becomes collective knowledge. Therefore, the problem in this study is how the inner turmoil of the characters (id, ego, superego) in the short story. Does Hakim Subakti work to have integrity or is he hesitant to face temptation. This study aims to reveal the id, ego, superego of the characters in the short story. The research approach used was Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. The qualitative descriptive research method was used to analyze the data. The words, phrases and sentences in the short stories are interpreted with a literary psychology approach. The results showed that Hakim Subakti's inner turmoil when he was rewarded by party litigants. Money (reward) is able to change a judge who initially has integrity (superego dominant), becomes doubtful and tempted (toward the id and dominant ego).
A survey on potato productivity, cultivation and management constraints in Mbala district of Northern Zambia
Authors: Chilipa Lorraine N. K. , Mukuma Chikoti , Tembo Langa , Chalwe Able , Bwembya Shadreck , Chama Crisanty
Published: July 2021

In Zambia, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation is ranked the third most important among root and tuber crops after cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). In spite of its importance, the productivity and cultivation of potato remain low. In the light of this, a survey was conducted in Mbala district to obtain and document farmers’ knowledge on potato cultivation and understand the constraints associated with potato cultivation and management. Four agricultural camps in Mbala district were purposefully sampled due to the high potato cultivation activity. Data were collected from 116 potato farmers through structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Results showed that three major constraints in potato cultivation were white grub (Phyllophaga spp.), foliar wilts (Ralstonia spp. and Verticillium spp.) and seed source, with a farmer-ranked mean-derived score of 3.75, 3.5 and 2.75, respectively. Farmers ascribed 70% crop damage to white grub (Phyllophaga spp.) and 60% crop damage to foliar wilts (Ralstonia spp. and Verticillium spp.). Other information obtained indicated that the majority of the farmers (>85%) were married, above 35 years and had at least primary education. The majority of the farmers involved in the study had less than 0.25 ha under potato production. To reduce the cultivation constraints for increased potato production in Mbala, direct breeding efforts, potato crop protection and other measures need to be employed.
The Economy of the Border Municipalities of Finland in the Post-Crisis Years
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Plyusnin Roman
Published: July 2021

The 2008–2009 crisis and the subsequent euro zone crisis dealt a serious blow to the Finnish economy. 2009 was marked by a significant reduction in the country's GDP, an increase in unemployment, and an increase in public debt. In the following years, Finland did not experience stable economic growth, and in 2014, mutual sanctions between Russia and the EU made their contribution. It was only in 2016 that the country began its systematic return to its pre-crisis state. Finnish municipalities bordering Russia since the 1990’s. the twentieth century is the least economically developed part of the country, which at the same time is most closely connected with our country due to its geographical location. In this regard, in this article, the author considered the economic situation of these municipalities on the basis of available official statistics. It was found that the dynamics of the considered indicators most often correlate with what was happening in the country as a whole. In 2014–2015, no special negative consequences from counter-sanctions on the part of our country were revealed. The exception was the indicators related to the service sector of border municipalities, which in 2014–2015 were noticeably worse than the average for Finland.
Skilled Workers as a Priority of the EU’s Migration Policy
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Potemkina Olga
Published: July 2021

In the article, the author refers to the EU Commission’s proposals on promoting legal migration channels to Europe as one of the objectives of the Migration and Asylum Pact. It is emphasized that the Coronavirus pandemic has revealed a shortage of qualified specialists in key areas of the EU economy, both at present and in the future. Two approaches of the Commission are analyzed – the revision of the legal framework for labor migration and the development of new tools for cooperation with the countries of migrants’ origin – «Talent Partnerships» and «Talent Pool». Particular attention is paid to the interinstitutional negotiations on the Blue Card Directive and the resulting compromise. The author recalls that the «Talent Partnerships» initiative was previously implemented in the EU in the form of «pilot projects», but had only a pinpoint impact on the emigration from the partner countries. The reasons for the expected failure of the «Talent Partnerships» are given – reluctance of the most Member States to conclude bilateral agreements with the countries of migrants’ origin and lack of the partner countries’ enthusiasm to support the «brain
Role of Czech Republic in the Development of Belarus Civil Society
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Vedernikov Mikhail
Published: July 2021

The reaction of the Belarusian authorities to the August 2020 demonstrations, drew strong condemnation from the Czech Republic. The article analyzes the reasons for such close attention of the Czech officials to the Belarusian problems. The historical context of the Czech Republic’s support for the Belarusian opposition is outlined; revealed the human rights and value aspects of the foreign policy of Prague, where support for democracy and human rights is an integral feature of Czech diplomacy at its present stage of development. The author examines the «Program of Transformational Cooperation» of the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He comes to the conclusion that the Belarusian direction has always been among the priorities and has not disappeared from the agenda. However, the stability of the Belarusian regime led to the fact that the Czechs began to contribute to the development of democracy in other countries, where its «implantation» was more real.
Albanian Question Today
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Kandel Pavel
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with three interrelated topics: the recent parliamentary elections in Albania, the current situation in neighboring Kosovo, and the renewed dialogue between Pristina and Belgrade. It contains the analysis of the run-up to the election and its result along with the longstanding assumptions regarding the specificities of Albania’s electoral geography. It also assesses the pan-Albanian rhetoric of the leading politicians in Tirana and Pristina which is actively exploited for political strengthening and used as a right means for blackmailing Brussels. Nonetheless, whoever resorts to it looks upon other as rivals and is not ready to give up leadership in the implementation of the national ideal. The author also speculates about the prospects for the future negotiations between Serbia and Kosovo, believing that a serious result cannot be expected until the presidential elections 2022 in Serbia.
Germany’s Digital Transformation in the Midst of the Coronavirus Crisis
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Belov Vladislav
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the impact of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the digitalization of public administration, healthcare, secondary and higher education, as well as entrepreneurial models of digital behavior in Germany. The author continues the study of the consequences of the Coronavirus crisis, which began in spring 2020, for the digital economic and political transformation of the economic leader of the European Union. Among other things, it relies on the results of numerous surveys conducted in late 2020 – early 2021. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of trends in the transition of companies to teleworking, the organization of “home offices” for employees, the restructuring of the work of government, health care, middle and higher education, business. The author analyzes the problems in the implementation of artificial intelligence, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the digital transition in a pandemic and evaluates its short and medium term prospects. This topic is of interest to Russia – it was one of the main topics at the SPIEF in June 2020.
The Effect of STEM-PjBL and Discovery Learning on Improving Students' Problem-Solving Skills of Impulse and Momentum Topic
Authors: Purwaningsih E. , Sari S. P. , Sari A. M. , Suryadi A.
Published: July 2021

This study aims to investigate the effect of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics-Project Based Learning (STEM-PjBL) and discovery learning on students' problem-solving abilities. The research is a Quasi-Experiment with a Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The participants involved are 53 students of class X from a high school in Malang, where 28 students studied with STEM-PjBL, and 25 students studied with discovery learning. This research was conducted on the subject of impulse and momentum. In this analysis, researchers have developed problem-solving tools with a particular field approach to impulse and momentum topics in order to obtain an instrument with a reliability ofÂ  0.81. This instrument collects student problem-solving data before and after learning both in the experimental class and in the comparison class. Problem-solving skills data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results showed a significant difference in the scores of students' problem-solving abilities in the experimental class and the comparison class (p<0.05). The problem-solving ability in the experimental class (Md=78.74) was higher than the comparison class (Md=70.00). In STEM-PjBL learning, students are better trained and challenged to solve problems in everyday life. Compared to the comparison class, learning in the experimental class is more able to accommodate students' ideas and make students more interested in learning. In conclusion, STEM-PjBL has a significant positive effect on improving students' problem-solving abilities rather than discovery learning.
Uniqueness of certain differential polynomial of $L$-functions and meromorphic functions sharing a polynomial
Authors: Banerjee A. , Bhattacharyya S.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to obtain some sufficient conditions to determine the relation between a meromorphic function and an $L$-function when certain differential polynomial generated by them sharing a one degree polynomial. The main theorem of the paper extends and improves all the results due to W.J. Hao, J.F. Chen [Discrete Dyn. Nat. Soc. 2018, 2018, article ID 4673165], F. Liu, X.M. Li, H.X. Yi [Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A Math. Sci. 2017, 93 (5), 41-46], P. Sahoo, S. Halder [Tbilisi Math. J. 2018, 11 (4), 67-78].
On $k$-Fibonacci balancing and $k$-Fibonacci Lucas-balancing numbers
Authors: Rihane S.E.
Published: July 2021

The balancing number $n$ and the balancer $r$ are solution of the Diophantine equation $$1+2+\cdots+(n-1) = (n+1)+(n+2)+\cdots+(n+r). $$ It is well known that if $n$ is balancing number, then $8n^2 + 1$ is a perfect square and its positive square root is called a Lucas-balancing number. For an integer $k\geq 2$, let $(F_n^{(k)})_n$ be the $k$-generalized Fibonacci sequence which starts with $0,\ldots,0,1,1$ ($k$ terms) and each term afterwards is the sum of the $k$ preceding terms. The purpose of this paper is to show that 1, 6930 are the only balancing numbers and 1, 3 are the only Lucas-balancing numbers which are a term of $k$-generalized Fibonacci sequence. This generalizes the result from [Fibonacci Quart. 2004, 42 (4), 330-340].
Long Term Follow-up of Liver Transplant Recipients: Considerations for Non-transplant Specialists
Authors: Iacob Speranta , Gheorghe Liana
Published: July 2021

Patient and liver graft survival rates have improved significantly in the last decades, leading to complications mainly related to long-term immunosuppression. Prevention of, screening for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, de novo diabetes mellitus, renal dysfunction, and malignancies and their management are mandatory due to important causes of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Quality of life (QoL) and functional benefits are clearly better compared to preoperative status; however, post-liver transplantation (LT) complications may impair and alter QoL scores. Individualized immunosuppression managed by transplant physicians and collaboration with other non-transplant specialists for recognition and treatment of medical complications and comorbidities after LT is the key to enhanced QoL and life expectancy of this patient population.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: a close relationship
Authors: Abenavoli Ludovico
Published: July 2021

Editorial on the article entitle "Fatty liver index as a simple and useful predictor for 10-year cardiovascular disease risks determined by Framingham risk scores in the general Korean population" by Chung et al. in press to Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) provides the conformality that enables three separate simultaneous pelvic malignancies to be treated radically–a case study
Authors: Raharjo Callista V , Chen Colin , Lam Francis , O’Neill Siobhan , Almeida John , Turner Jenny , Levingston Robyn , Keefe Anna O’ , Quin Ian , Fogarty Gerald B
Published: July 2021

Radiotherapy and surgery are both potential modalities for the definitive treatment of pelvic malignancies. Although surgery provides a histological specimen, enabling exact staging, radiotherapy is sometimes preferred as it provides patients the opportunity for organ conservation and therefore perhaps better quality post-treatment survivorship. Our case report details how three separate primary pelvic cancers (prostate, rectal, anal) in one patient were treated simultaneously with definitive radiotherapy. Patient was prescribed 80 Gy in 40 fractions to the planning target volume (PTV) prostate, 54 Gy to PTV anal canal, 45 Gy to the pelvis including PTV rectosigmoid junction and 36 Gy to the PTV inguinal lymph nodes that encompassed clinically negative nodes draining the anus, through the Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) with 6MV photons. Mean doses to organs at risk (OAR) are 30.01 Gy to the bowel volume, 46.54 Gy to the bladder, 30.42 Gy to the femurs, and 61.84 Gy to the rectum. Radiation doses to the prostate and anal canal are consistent with conventional treatment doses with definitive radiotherapy. The rectal dose was accepted as part of the definitive treatment of rectal cancer following Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR). This could only be achieved through the superior dose conformality of VMAT, maximising the dose given to tumour bearing PTV while minimising the dose to OARs which included normal pelvic structures. All three cancers remained under control at 4 years after treatment, with minimal late toxicity associated with the treatment received. Further RCTs in pelvic malignancies are needed to help clinicians and patients select the best treatments, to improve disease control while maintaining quality of survivorship.
Techniques to verify the correct skin areas for biopsy, treatment, recurrence and in-vivo dosimetry using an A4 plastic sheet as template
Authors: Alcevski Ben , Shearer Tiarna , Yeong Yeen , Fogarty Gerald B
Published: July 2021

Introduction Radiotherapy (RT) is a precise treatment usually given over multiple sessions with millimetre accuracy to the planned target. Patients undergoing RT require verification of the target area prior each treatment. Imaging with kilovoltage X-rays is usually used to verify the treatment volumes of solid internal tumours, but this process is unsuitable for skin cancers as it cannot visualise skin marks. When biopsying or treating skin cancers, there is a chance that other nearby benign skin structures can be confused with the lesion of concern. Templates using transparent sheets have been used to verify the treatment area. We present a series of cases to demonstrate our skin cancer verification technique using the humble A4 plastic sheet protector. Case series: Case 1 details the use of a plastic sheet template to correctly identify lesions that require biopsy. Cases 2 and 3 describe how templates are used for in-field verification prior to electron and superficial RT treatment, respectively. Case 4 shows how stored templates can be used to quantify recurrence. Conclusion: For skin cancer planning and verification, the A4 plastic sheet protector is easy to use, reproducible, economical and storable. It serves multiple purposes: to delineate areas of biopsy and treatment, to discover whether a recurrence is in-field or not, and to also verify where in vivo dosimetry should be measured.
The Embassy to the Pope Sixtus IV with the Epistle of Misael in the Light of Some Documents from the Vatican Secret Archives
Authors:   the University of Fribourg, Zatorskyy Nazar
Published: July 2021

The article considers the Epistle of Misael to the Pope Sixtus IV of 1476, which was first published by the Uniate metropolitan Hypatius Potij in 1605. Though its authenticity was definitely proved only at the end of 20th century, the fate of this letter, particularly with regard to the envoys who allegedly brought the charter to Pope Sixtus IV, has been discussed from the moment of its first edition until today. However, no special research was made concerning existing theories about this embassy. The article aims to fill this gap. A particular attention is paid to the thesis of the first publisher of the charter, who considered the noble Ruthenian Ivan Soltan and the Chancellor of the Great Duchy of Lithuania Jakub as the envoys with the Epistle of Misael. The author demonstrates that the title of the document, which appeared in the first edition of 1605, had been lacking in the original manuscript (now lost) and was invented by metropolitan Hypatius Potij. He presents the ways by which Potij’s thesis about two envoys to Pope Sixtus IV was spread in the Ukrainian and Polish historiography of the 17th through 19th centuries. The author also examines another source about two envoys with Misael’s charter to Pope Sixtus IV – Elucidarius errorum ritus ruthenici by Jan Sacran, edited at the beginning of the 16th century, to which Mykhailo Hrushevsky and other scholars referred, and shows that this document was a source of misrepresentation, wherefrom the idea of two envoys with the Epistle of Misael to Pope Sixtus VI derived. Based on a false quotation of Elucidarius, this idea is still circulating in the contemporary Ukrainian historiography. Therefore, this article is to correct these fallacious ideas of the embassy with Misael’s charter to Pope Sixtus IV. In addition, the author identifies one of the written sources, to which Jan Sacran referred in his treatise. He also traces back some 20th century erroneous ideas of the authorship of the Epistle of Misael that partially exist in the Ukrainian historiography even today. Finally, the article is supplemented by a report from Codex Arm. XXXII 21 from the Vatican Secret Archives that sheds light on the personality of Alexander Soltan, one of the alleged envoys with Misael’s charter. The author analyzes the content of the Codex Arm. XXXII 21 and argues the significance of this document in the solution of the question whether the embassy to Pope Sixtus IV has ever taken place.
The History of Globalization: Methodological Approaches and Historiography of the Problem
Authors: Martynov Andriy
Published: July 2021

Modern theoreticians of Global History differ in opinion as to the definition of Globalization and up till now there is no single definition, which would satisfy most scientists. Some of them believe this phenomenon to be irreal because it is impossible to clearly separate it from other social processes and phenomena or because it do not has clearly defined place in the geographical space. In most cases Globalization are understood as: We are living today in an age of rapid globalization. Its pace has accelerated in the past several decades, particularly since the end of the Cold War. The main thrust for globalization involved a high degree of Westernization, it by no means resulted in homogenization but everywhere produced diverse responses to the West rooted in indigenous cultures. In fact, we have witnessed homogeneity resulting from processes of globalization and at the some time increasing heterogeneity. Globalization thus is extremely complex and variegated, on the one hand indeed leading to high degrees of homogeneity in economic organization, technological and scientific developments and even lifestyles following Western patterns, on the other hand to marked divergences from Western outlooks and practices and even to pronounced resistance to Western influences. In this article we intend to examine the transformation of historical thinking and writing within this larger global context. Globalization is realized in the form of bilateral, multilateral and collective relation. Global System is usually understood as hierarchically structurized integral complex of actors of international relation, which are interconnected by constant relations. Until the early 21th century the investigation of Global History was performed within a whole number of social science: philosophy, history, sociology, legal and economic sciences. The theory of globalization is a science, which tries to logically and reasonably interpret the most essential phenomena and processes as well as interrelation between them using its own methods. Conflict and cooperation are the most important manifestation of the state of international relations and logically proceed from structural peculiarities of current global system.
Following Continuity and Change: Italy’s View on European Neighborhood Policy Towards Ukraine
Authors:   Kyiv Borys Grinchenko University, Vdovychenko Victoria
Published: July 2021

Current EU economic and security challenges on the territory of the EU’s ‘ring of friends’ open a new page of its history influencing European security and stability framework of development. Therefore, it’s crucial to understand circumstances that favored to the catalyst progress of unstable neighborhoods. The article presents an analysis of the Italy’s position towards European Neighborhood Policy and the Eastern dimension of this policy – Eastern Partnership. A special interest is focus on its view towards Ukraine, being a reality-check for the European Union officials after the Revolution of Dignity, the illegal annexation of Crimea and the hybrid war of Russia. This article is presenting the ideas that ENP was created by the EU as an instrument for the democratization which couldn’t prevent conflicts in the geopolitically diverse regions. Italy, being one of the founding members of the European Union, was reluctant advocate a balanced approach towards the neighborhood regions. It merely focused on the Southern dimension of the ENP, almost taking apart Eastern Partnership. In the first part, the article demonstrates the development process of the ENP with a special attention that it coincided with the EU 5th enlargement preparation. This dualism influenced on the ENP tailoring and subsequent implementation. The second part focuses on the of the Italy’s opinion development from ENP launch till 2009 when its Eastern dimension – Eastern Partnership – was introduced. The third part analyzes Italy’s perception of Eastern Partnership and its attempts to reschedule EU’s attention to the South flank of the ENP in the post-Crimea annexation period.
The Kyiv City Association of the Greeks: History and Modernity
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Piskizhova Vladyslava
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and activity of one of the first in the history of independent Ukraine public organizations of the national Greek community, i.e. the Kyiv City Association of the Greeks. After all, in today’s world, public associations of national minorities are an extremely important structural component of the civil society, which can play both a consolidating role and serve as a source of aggravation of interethnic conflicts. The grounds of the source base of the research were the materials of the current archive of this organization (the Statute, protocols of meetings, resolutions, agreements, etc.), part of which in 2017 was already transferred to the funds of the Central State Archives of public associations of Ukraine. However, up to now, these documents have not become available yet to the general public concerned. Taking this into consideration, we find it appropriate to publish some of them in the full volume as an annex to this research, especially those that most clearly highlight the main achievements of the organization in the development of national and cultural life of the Greek community of Kyiv and Ukraine in general, and show the dynamics of the establishment of the Ukrainian-Greek intercultural dialogue. Important information on the activity of the Kyiv City Association of the Greeks is found on the pages of its printed edition, the newspaper “Elpida”, as well as on the organization site operating since 2016. The importance of recording and systematization of information on the current institutional development of national minorities in Ukraine is preconditioned by the necessity to form a conscious evaluation of the role of associations of national minorities in the process of forming public associations and the establishment of national Ukrainian culture in opinion of public and scientific communities.
From the History of the Consulate General of the Republic of Armenia in Odessa (1918-1920)
Authors: Davtyan David
Published: July 2021

The history of the Armenian diplomatic missions in Ukraine and the history of the establishment and formation of bilateral relations of the two post-imperial states for many years did not generate interest among researchers. The article describes the prerequisites for the formation of the Consulate General of the Republic of Armenia in Odessa, the operation periods and the main activities of the institution. One of the main problems that emerged in the years under consideration and require decisions be put off was the question of the evacuation of the Armenian refugees - victims of genocide in the Ottoman Empire, who have found salvation in Odessa, prisoners of war and demobilized officers and soldiers returning from the First World War.
The Transformation of the Views and Political Activities of Imre Nagy in the 1950s
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Mandryk Ivan
Published: July 2021

The article examines the evolution of Imre Nagy’s views during his first term as Prime minister of Hungary (1953–1955) and during the 1956 uprising. The emphasis is on his vision of the need for reforming and democratizing the socialist system, as well as practical political activity at the head of the popular uprising. The author notes that Imre Nagy was opposed to forced collectivization, accelerated industrialization, which undermined the national economy, destroyed the market system, violated the economic and political ties between urban and rural areas.
The 1956 Hungarian Revolution and Its Influence on the Rise of the National Liberation Movement in Ukraine
Authors:   the State Institution ", Derzhaliuk Mykola ,   Institute of World History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine"
Published: July 2021

The article highlights positive impact of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution on Ukrainian national liberation movement and strengthening of fight for renewal of the statehood in Ukraine. The author gives concrete examples to the Ukrainian SSR authorities’ policy on denationalization and internationalization of Ukrainian political, social and cultural life and on exsanguination of country’s self-sustainability. The article draws parallels between elimination of Hungarian and Ukrainian leaders of national liberation movement.
Roles of Islamic Microfinance Institutions in Improving Financial Inclusion in Indonesia: Empirical Evidence from Baitulmaal wa Tamwil
Authors: Ginanjar Adhitya , Kassim Salina Hj
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This research aims to investigate the role of Islamic microfinance institutions (IMFIs) in promoting financial inclusion in Indonesia. It takes seven areas, namely, Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Yogyakarta and Nusa Tenggara Barat as samples. Only managers of the IMFIs are taken as respondents since they are the decision makers and understanding of the mission of the IMFIs. A complete of 481 managers of Baitulmaal Wa Tamwil (BMTs) which administered under the Sharia Cooperative Centre involved in the study. Qualitative method was used in this research for determining the variables in advancing model that developed with two mechanism in the data collection; the first mechanism involved a survey questionnaire, and the second mechanism involved in-depth interview. The findings of this research reveal current issues and challenges in strengthening the role of IMFIs in promoting financial inclusion and highlight recommendations for policy makers to promote financial inclusion. Keywords: Financial Inclusion; Islamic Micro-Finance Institutions; Baitul Maal wa Tamwil, Islamic Finance.Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran lembaga keuangan mikro Islam (LKMS) dalam mendorong inklusi keuangan di Indonesia. Dibutuhkan tujuh area riset, yakni wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Yogyakarta dan Nusa Tenggara Barat sebagai sampel. Hanya manajer LKMS yang diambil sebagai responden karena mereka adalah pengambil keputusan dan memiliki pemahaman yang jelas tentang misi LKMS. Sebanyak 481 pengurus Baitulmaal Wa Tamwil (BMT) di bawah naungan Induksi Koperasi Syariah sebagai sampel. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan dua mekanisme yang dikembangkan dalam pengumpulan data; mekanisme pertama melibatkan kuesioner survei, dan mekanisme kedua melibatkan wawancara meSndalam. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan isu dan tantangan terkini dalam memperkuat peran LKMS dalam mendorong inklusi keuangan. Hasil ini juga menyoroti beberapa rekomendasi bagi BMT dan pembuat kebijakan untuk mempromosikan inklusi keuangan.Keyword: Keuangan Inklusi; Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah; Baitumaal Wa Tamwil; Keuangan Syariah.
The Integration of Islamic Stock Markets of OIC Countries in China Stock Market Crisis and US-China Trade War
Authors: Siswara Deri , Effendi Jaenal , Muthoharroh Marhamah
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to analyze the integration and response of the Islamic stock market of the OIC countries before the crisis and during the China stock market crisis, also during the United States-China trade war with the ARDL method. The results showed that there was no cointegration in the period before the China stock market crisis. However, during the period of the China stock market crisis and the United States-China trade war, the cointegration was more common. The Indonesia Islamic stock market in the two crisis periods had a long-term relationship with the US and China stock markets. In terms of the benefits of portfolio diversification for investors, there is relevance of dominant economic, geographical, and trade relations in influencing the integration of the Islamic stock market.Keywords: Market Integration, Islamic Stock, China Stock Market Crisis, US-China Trade War, ARDL. Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis integrasi dan respon pasar saham syariah negara-negara OKI sebelum dan saat terjadi krisis pasar saham Tiongkok, serta saat terjadi perang dagang Amerika Serikat-Tiongkok dengan metode ARDL. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat kointegrasi atau hubungan jangka panjang pada semua pasar saham syariah negara-negara anggota OKI pada periode sebelum krisis pasar saham Tiongkok. Akan tetapi, pada perode krisis pasar saham Tiongkok dan perang dagang Amerika Serikat-Tiongkok, integrasi antar pasar saham syariah di negara OKI lebih banyak ditemukan. Pasar saham syariah Indonesia dalam dua periode krisis memiliki hubungan jangka panjang dengan pasar saham Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok. Dalam hal manfaat diversifikasi portofolio bagi investor, terdapat relevansi kekuatan ekonomi yang dominan, faktor geografis, dan hubungan perdagangan  dalam mempengaruhi integrasi pasar saham syariah.Kata kunci: Integrasi Pasar, Saham Syariah, Krisis Pasar Saham Tiongkok, Perang Dagang AS-Tiongkok, ARDL.
Investigation of Thermal Properties of Half-Heusler Alloy FeVZ (Z= As, P, Sb) within Density Functional Theory
Authors: Azhar Anugrah
Published: July 2021

The figure of merit (ZT) holds an important role in thermoelectric material that indicates the efficiency of thermoelectric (TE) devices. The higher ZT value, the higher efficiency would be obtained of TE devices. One of the sub-class materials that has high potential application for thermoelectric material is half-Heusler (HH) alloy. In order to investigate the ZT value of HH conduct simulation using to investigate the ZT value of HH alloy FeVZ (Z= As, P, Sb) by using density-functional theory (DFT). Our research results show that FeVAs has higher ZT values than FeVP and FeVSb in the range temperature of 150-900 K. All of those compounds still have good ZT value around ~0.7 even in the temperature regime of 900 K, and shows a good trend for p-type thermoelectric materials.