bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN VARIASI 3 FILTER PADA REKONSTRUKSI CITRA PEMERIKSAAN CT SCAN MASTOID
Authors: Sutrisno Novianty , Ade Kusumaputra Pramudya , Winarno Guntur , Gunawati Shinta
Published: February 2022

Background : This study aims to determine the differences in the quality of anatomical image information and to determine the best reconstruction variation of the Mastoid CT scan.

Methods : The design of this study was quantitative and qualitative analysis, conducted in the radiology unit of Banten Hospital with the study population was all patients who underwent a head CT scan. The sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique specifically for the Mastoid CT Scan examination with clinical mastoiditis. Image reconstruction was performed with three variations of the filter, namely bone standard, bone smooth, and bone sharp for analysis.

Result : The results obtained were that there were no significant differences in the SNR values of the three filter variations, but there were differences in the CNR values of the three filter variations.

Conclusion : Based on the study conducted, it can be concluded that data obtained qualitatively according to clinical and the results of interviews with ENT specialists and radiologists that the bone sharp filter gets the highest rate which is used to analyze Mastoid CT images, and it is recommended to assess mastoid CT images with clinical mastoiditis.
PERANAN PROYEKSI STITCH VIEW LONG LEG PADA PEMERIKSAAN KNEE JOINT DENGAN INDIKASI OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Puspita Arum Purwa , Wibowo Nurcahyo Panji
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Long Leg View is an x-ray examination of all parts of the lower extremity using a long vertical cassette which aims to measure the angle between the mechanical axis of the femur and tibia. Knee Joint examination with indications of osteoarthritis at the Radiology Installation of RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta uses supine AP projection, Lateral recumbent, Skyline, and Stitch View Long Leg.

Methods: This research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. Collecting data by means of observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with patients, sending doctors, radiologists, and radiographers. Data collection was carried out in March 2018 at the Radiology Installation of Dr. RSUP. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The data obtained were analyzed using an interactive model.

Results: On the Stitch View Long Leg examination at the Radiology Installation, Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta uses a collimation area from the pelvis to the ankle joint. According to the resident doctor of orthopedic surgery and traumatology, Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta, Stitch View Long Leg is able to see the shape of the foot formation, namely the O formation or X formation. In addition, according to radiology specialists, looking at the alignment deviation of the lower extremities can be used to assess the grade of osteoarthritis. Under normal conditions, the anatomical axis of the femur and tibia forms an angle of 6º ± 2º, while the mechanical axis line under normal conditions is 8 mm ± 7 mm medial to the center of the knee joint line. The alignment of varus and valgus has been associated with the development of medial or lateral osteoarthritis.

Conclusion: Stitch View Long Leg aims to assess the grade of osteoarthritis through assessment of lower extremity alignment deviations, see the overall mechanical and anatomical alignment of the lower extremities, help determine the calculation of the angle of bone cutting during Total Knee Replacement surgery, and see the right and left symmetrical balance of genu.
PERAN RADIOGRAFER DALAM PENANGGULANGAN PENYEBARAN COVID-19
Authors: Prahardi  , Ramadhan Hidayat Syaifudin
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Radiographers as part of health workers have a big role in handling COVID-19 during the pandemic. Radiographers not only play an important role in making good diagnostic images, but also in efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 infection. Radiographers can take many roles in preventing the spread of COVID-19, including providing education about health protocols to patients and families and disinfecting workspaces and equipment. However, this role is often overlooked by radiographers

Methods: This type of research is descriptive analytic which describes the actual situation of the respondent who is the object of research. The data was obtained from the survey results which were then processed using the cross sectional study method

Results: The results of a survey of 22 radiographers who work in the Banyumas area, only 42.9% always ask the patient or patient's family to wash their hands before entering the examination room, 33.3% sometimes ask to wash their hands while 23.8% do not ask or suggest to wash hands when entering the examination room. In terms of disinfection of equipment and workspaces, there were 4.7% of radographers who never carried out disinfection, 28.6% occasionally carried out disinfection and 66.7% who always carried out disinfection.

Conclusions: Radiographers have an important role in preventing the spread of COVID-19. There are still many radiographers who do not play an important role in preventing the spread of COVID-19. It is necessary to raise awareness to radiographers besides they have the main task of making radiographs or therapy for patients properly and correctly, they also have an important role in overcoming the spread of covid-19
PERBANDINGAN TEKNIK RADIOGRAFI CLAVICULA PADA KLINIS FRAKTUR
Authors: Ismanto  , Melati Putri Vega
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: The clavicle radiograph is one of the examinations that can diagnose fracture pathology. Radiographic examination of the clavicle generally uses the Antero Posterior (AP) and AP Axial projections 15°-30° cranially. But in fact radiology installations differ in using the position of the patient and the direction of the beam. The purpose of this paper is to determine the radiographic technique of the clavicle in clinical fractures from differences in patient position and beam direction and its effect on the results of the picture.

Methods: This type of research is descriptive with a literature study approach, looking for research journals on google scholar, and science direct from November to December 2020, using the keywords clavicle, clavicle, clavicle radiograph, clavicle, clavicle fracture, clavicle x-ray. Of the 15 journals obtained, 4 journals met the criteria.

Results: Examination using 2 projections is only able to provide visualization from a superior and inferior point of view. Examination using 4 projections is able to show viewing angles from anterior, posterior, inferior, and superior. So it can visualize the image better. The 15cranially AP projection is preferred over the 15caudally AP projection, because the measurement results are not shortened, and the fracture distance is more visible. No statistically significant difference was found for the difference in arm orientation between arm flexion and arm extension in shortening measurements. The degree of change in the location of the fracture image results in a vertical direction significantly shows greater results when the examination is carried out with the patient in an erect position when compared to the supine patient position.

Conclusions: Based on the projection, the use of 4 projections can eliminate the effect of clavicle fracture distance, and provide a 3-dimensional image. Giving the direction of the beam with an angle above 15 with a cranially direction produces an optimal picture. In terms of patient position, the optimal image results in the erect position.
Una mirada desde la gobernanza del riesgo y la resiliencia urbana en América Latina y el Caribe: Los asentamientos informales en la Nueva Agenda Urbana
Authors: Sandoval Vicente , Sarmiento Juan Pablo
Published: February 2022

El trabajo busca ofrecer una vista general, actualizada, pero también crítica de los asentamientos informales en América Latina y el Caribe, e identificar y explorar posibles tendencias entre los diferentes países con respecto a la gobernanza y resiliencia urbana para la reducción del riesgo de desastre en estos asentamientos. Se analizaron datos entregados por 17 países en sus reportes nacionales elaborados durante el proceso preparatorio hacia Habitat III: Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, República Dominicana, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, México, Paraguay, Perú y Uruguay. Se estimaron variables cuantitativas como el acceso al agua potable y alcantarillado junto al análisis cualitativo de contenido tales como referencias al Marco de Sendai y políticas públicas para los asentamientos. Los resultados muestran importantes contrastes en la región, variando significativamente el porcentaje de la población urbana viviendo en condiciones de inseguridad. En términos de gobernanza, prevalece la tendencia de los países a reconocer la importancia de un entorno propicio para el desarrollo urbano a través de estructuras territoriales y sectoriales que articulen vertical y horizontalmente a los diferentes actores. Pese a estas declaraciones, la evidencia entregada al respecto se limita a la articulación vertical de los actores públicos.
Turismo indígena como respuesta a la siniestralidad: Comunidad Mapuche-Lafkenche del lago Budi, Chile
Authors: Alvarez Ricardo , Azócar Fernanda , Marihuan Gabriela , Montero Aldo , Rosenbluth Mauricio
Published: February 2022

Durante casi 20 años la comunidad Mapuche-lafkenche de Llaguepulli, que habita en la ribera sur del Lago Budi en la región de La Araucanía, Chile, ha impulsado una estrategia de desarrollo local excepcional, que surge como respuesta a la profunda crisis económica, social y cultural que experimentaron en la década de los ‘80 y ‘90. Dicha crisis fue el desenlace de un largo proceso de segregación, reducción territorial y aislamiento al cual fue sometida ésta comunidad. La estrategia desplegada por ellos se halla sostenida en un variado y complejo portafolio de recursos endógenos de carácter humano, social, cultural y natural que durante mucho tiempo permaneció invisible, inactivo o devaluado por la sociedad chilena. Esta historia partió con un objetivo muy práctico e inmediato para la gente de Llaguepulli: buscar alternativas laborales generadoras de ingresos, sin tener que dejar el territorio. Esta búsqueda los llevó a dibujar un nuevo horizonte de lo posible, escalando hacia un marco económico local, que combinó sus actividades productivas tradicionales con el inicio de un negocio turístico de intereses especiales, de carácter rural-cultural y códigos solidarios de conducta, que al día de hoy ha robustecido significativamente el control y dominio de la comunidad sobre su propio territorio y destino.
Gestión del riesgo de desastres y protección civil en España: Aportes para el desarrollo de una cultura preventiva
Authors: Pastrana Huguet José , Potenciano de la Heras Ángela , Gavari Starkie Elisa
Published: February 2022

El desarrollo normativo-legislativo de la protección civil, el desarrollo del personal y el fomento de la cultura preventiva, son algunos de los elementos clave para conseguir comunidades más resilientes y mejorar la prevención ante desastres. Este artículo ofrece una aproximación a las iniciativas más recientes para la promoción de estos elementos en el ámbito de la Protección Civil en España. La revisión realizada en este artículo se ha centrado en las referencias sobre estos tópicos en la Estrategia de Seguridad Nacional, la Ley del Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil y la labor realizada desde el ámbito formativo por la Escuela Nacional de Protección Civil. En la primera parte se revisan tres conceptos clave: cultura preventiva; capacidad de resiliencia; y gestión del riesgo de desastre. La segunda parte analiza el sistema legislativo y estrategias de seguridad nacional desarrolladas para la protección civil, incluyendo la labor realizada por la Escuela Nacional de Protección Civil, durante el 2018. Finalmente, se exponen acciones por la Dirección General de Protección Civil y Emergencias, y la Escuela Nacional de Protección Civil, que reflejan lo observado con foco en Iberoamérica. El artículo concluye con unas breves reflexiones que ilustran posibles estrategias para reforzar la cultura preventiva.
Assessing social vulnerability to natural hazards in Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro Mountain Region, Brazil
Authors: Cardozo Claudia Paola , Monteiro Antônio Miguel Vieira
Published: February 2022

Brasil enfrenta un escenario complejo de peligros naturales, como resultado directo de su tamaño, diversidad y heterogeneidad tanto social como natural. En 2011, se produjeron deslizamientos masivos provocados por lluvias extremas que causaron el denominado “Megadesastre” en la región montañosa de Rio de Janeiro. Este trabajo describe el desarrollo de un Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social a nivel de distrito censal, utilizando el método SoVI. También examina el valor potencial del índice para explicar el impacto de los deslizamientos de 2011 en la población de Nova Friburgo. El Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) revela que seis factores explican el 73.6% de la varianza de los datos. El análisis de patrones espaciales sugiere que aproximadamente el 84% del área es clasificada con nivel moderado de vulnerabilidad social. Los valores más altos se registran donde la densidad de población es alta y además se desarrollan las principales actividades económicas. El conocimiento resultante proporciona a la comunidad local, al gobierno y a las organizaciones civiles una base para comprender la geografía y los impulsores de la vulnerabilidad social, que pueden aprovecharse para lograr una preparación y respuesta efectivas para enfrentar futuros peligros naturales y también para promover sociedades resilientes a los desastres.
Cuantificación Espacial del Daño Socioeconómico por Subsidencia Diferencial en Santa Ana Tlapaltitlán, Toluca, México
Authors: Camacho Sanabria Raúl , Camacho Sanabria José Manuel , Balderas Plata Miguel Ángel , Hernández Madrigal Víctor Manuel
Published: February 2022

En Santa Ana Tlapaltitlán, México, el proceso de subsidencia-falla geológica ha generado daños a la infraestructura urbana, que se traducen en pérdidas socioeconómicas que por años no han sido calculadas, debido a que la mayor parte de los estudios de subsidencia se enfocan a analizar el grado de hundimiento y localizar zonas de mayor peligro. Este estudio busca estimar el daño socioeconómico por subsidencia diferencial en esta localidad, a través de una metodología basada en el cálculo del factor de demérito y ecuaciones para la valoración del impacto económico del terreno, la construcción y la población expuesta. Los resultados expresan que, el daño económico referente a los terrenos es de $16 869 901 pesos mexicanos, y de $6.402.726 al daño económico asociado a las construcciones. En conjunto suman una pérdida global de $23.272.627 (US$ 1.208.971). Respecto a las personas expuestas, se registraron 14.518, las cuales se encuentran en un total de 163 terrenos afectados. La subsidencia diferencial genera daños socioeconómicos relevantes en diferentes áreas geográficas, por lo anterior resulta preocupante que hasta la fecha no existen esfuerzos concretos destinados a reducir este tipo de riesgo de desastre.
La comunicación de la emergencia en erupciones volcánicas en Chile y su impacto durante la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Farías Cristian
Published: February 2022

Chile es un país donde la norma es tener erupciones volcánicas, con varias de ellas siendo muy explosivas. Hoy podemos aprender de sus complejidades, y los errores en torno a la comunicación de emergencia en ellas, para poder mejorar la situación de la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 en Chile.
Inventario Histórico de Desastres en Costa Rica en el Periodo 1970- 2020
Authors: Orozco-Montoya Ricardo A. , Brenes-Maykall Alice , Sura-Fonseca Rebeca
Published: February 2022

Los desastres a nivel mundial se traducen en pérdidas humanas y económicas principalmente en los países de ingresos bajos y medios. Esto es relevante para la planificación y toma de decisiones, por lo que se evidencia la importancia de poseer información oportuna mediante bases de datos sobre pérdidas por desastres. DesInventar surge como una herramienta teórica y metodológica, recopila registros históricos de pérdidas y facilita el análisis y la representación espacial y temporal de amenazas, vulnerabilidades y riesgos retrospectiva y prospectivamente para la gestión del riesgo y del desarrollo. En Costa Rica, este inventario se mantiene activo con datos desde 1970 hasta la actualidad. Es una base de datos en línea y de libre acceso. El artículo propone caracterizar las tendencias y comportamientos de los desastres en Costa Rica durante el periodo 1970-2020 registrados en DesInventar. Del total de eventos registrados (19.016), el 80% corresponde a eventos hidrometeorológicos, 13% a epidemias y eventos humano-tecnológicos y 7% a geológicos. Se registraron 1.555 personas fallecidas. El análisis temporal arroja tendencias al aumento en cantidad de eventos y en personas fallecidas. Esto podría relacionarse con un conteo más sistemático de los desastres y el aumento de eventos como consecuencia del cambio climático.
Revisiting the State’s Targeting Design and Distribution of Social Protection Programs
Authors: Kartowinomo Katiman
Published: February 2022

The Government of Indonesia has implemented social protection programs (SPPs) to reduce the impact of the economic crisis and continued to implement the programs in the recent pandemic situation. To increase the effectiveness of the program implementation, the state involves local governments and communities both in the targeting process and program delivery. The central government involves a village meeting called musyawarah desa (musdes) to update beneficiary’ data of social protection programs and Basis Data Terpadu (BDT-Unified Database). However, issues of mistargeting in the form of inclusion and exclusion error persist. Using the deliberative democracy framework and ethnographic case study approach, this study seeks to understand why mistargeting continues to occur by assessing the process of the musdes. This study found the problems of a centralized design of targeting in the existing social, power and accountability relations in the village, and suggest the need to consider giving more authority and responsibility to local governments and villages in the targeting process and delivery of the SPPs.
Penggunaan Gadget dan Perubahan Sosial Budaya pada Usia Produktif
Authors: Wijaya Maman , Hakim Arief Rachman , Rachmawati Vini Kartika
Published: February 2022

Penggunaan gadget saat ini sangat masif pada setiap rentang usia di setiap wilayah. Tidak diketahui dengan pasti kebiasaan apa saja yang hilang, budaya apa saja yang berubah, dan pada usia berapa saja yang mengalami perubahan itu. Penelitian ini berupa analisis deskriptif, bertujuan untuk menelaah penggunaan gadget dan hubungannya terhadap perubahan sosial budaya responden yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan usia. Perubahan sosial budaya didasarkan pada teori Weberian. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan instrumen angket yang disusun dalam Google Form dan disebar melalui aplikasi WhatsApp selama 2×24 jam dan terkumpul sebanyak 197 responden. Data diolah dengan IBB SPSS Statistics Data Editor. Pengolahan data mencakup frekuensi, distribusi, dan kecenderungan data, serta untuk beberapa variabel dihitung korelasinya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan gadget mengubah kebiasaan orang, baik usia muda, maupun usia lanjut. Terdapat sejumlah kebiasaan lama yang hilang disertai dengan munculnya sejumlah kebiasaan baru. Kebiasaan lama yang hilang dan kebiasaan baru yang muncul tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan usia, tetapi berhubungan signifikan dengan cara memfungsikan gadget sebagai alat kerja dan alat usaha dengan koefisien korelasi masing-masing sebesar 0,77 dan 0,42. Objek pemajuan kebudayaan seperti tradisi lisan, manuskrip dan permainan tradisional relatif tidak dikenal, terutama pada rentang usia 20–40 tahun. Dengan demikian, perubahan sosial budaya yang terjadi pada diri responden sangat erat hubungannya dengan penggunaan gadget.
Kebijakan Perlindungan Sosial Indonesia pada Situasi Krisis Corona Virus Disease 2019
Authors: Nugroho Heri , Ruhama Zulfa
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan kebijakan perlindungan sosial di Indonesia di masa krisis pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak pada krisis ekonomi yang terjadi baik di negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Kebijakan pembatasan mobilitas manusia menjadi hal yang perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi kerugian yang lebih besar. Hal ini membuat pemanfaatan teknologi menjadi semakin intens untuk menjaga peran welfare state dan sistem perlindungan sosial yang lebih baik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami perubahan sistem perlindungan sosial yang diterapkan sebagai respons dari pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif eksploratif. Studi ini menghasilkan tiga temuan penting. Pertama, Indonesia telah memiliki berbagai program perlindungan sosial yang dibangun dari sejak krisis pada 1998 dan terus dikembangkan hingga saat pandemi Covid-19. Kedua, Indonesia telah menjalankan peran negara kesejahteraan dengan melakukan dan mengendalikan kombinasi strategi perlindungan sosial yang mencakup kombinasi perluasan bantuan sosial, pengembangan program bantuan sosial, penambahan program bantuan sosial, dan penataan ulang program bantuan sosial sebagai respons dari krisis Covid-19. Ketiga, kekhususan karakteristik dari krisis akibat pandemi Covid-19 telah mengubah sistem perlindungan sosial Indonesia menjadi lebih banyak dan beragam, pelebaran defisit anggaran untuk mengakomodasi peningkatan anggaran bantuan sosial dan pemulihan ekonomi nasional, serta penggunaan teknologi untuk pemutakhiran basis data dan penyaluran perlindungan sosial yang lebih tepat sasaran.
Peluang dan Tantangan Program Studi Pendidikan Nonformal dalam Pembangunan Masyarakat Pasca Implementasi UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah di Era Ekonomi Digital
Authors: Ivan Muhammad
Published: February 2022

UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah membuka ruang Pendidikan Non Formal untuk berperan lebih terkhusus dalam menampung warga yang tidak tuntas mendapatkan pendidikan formal. Di tengah era Revolusi Industri 4.0 telah memicu pergeseran sistem pembangunan SDM baik dalam Pendidikan Formal, Informal, dan Non Formal untuk beradaptasi di era digital. Pengentasan kemiskinan yang menjadi salah satu tujuan Prioritas Nasional dalam Rencana Kerja Pemerintah tahun 2019 mendorong Prodi PNF untuk memiliki sistem pembangunan SDM terkhusus SDM yang tidak terakomodir pendidikan formal, masyarakat kelas pekerja, perempuan, anak putus sekolah, dan etnis minoritas maupun kelas sosial yang terkucilkan. Ekonomi digital menawarkan solusi dengan berbagai spesifikasi pekerjaan baru dan menghilangkan 50 juta peluang kerja dalam beberapa waktu ke depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan metode literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Prodi PNF berpeluang menjadi wadah pemikir dengan melakukan riset untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan masyarakat dan tren ekonomi digital yang terus berkembang. Temuan penelitian bahwasanya Prodi PNF dapat menjadi wadah pemikir untuk menghasilkan riset yang berdaya guna bagi kementerian dan lembaga. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam hal pengentasan kemiskinan peran Prodi PNF sejalan dengan Prioritas Nasional dalam Rencana Kerja Pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembangunan masyarakat.
Reviu Strategi Pencegahan Perilaku Berisiko pada Pemuda di RPJMN 2020—2024
Authors: Nugroho Indra
Published: February 2022

Sumpah pemuda hadir 93 tahun yang lalu atas dasar kesepemahaman yang sama atas keragaman adat, suku, budaya, bahasa untuk memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Indonesia dan melawan penjajah. Setelah 93 tahun sumpah pemuda berlalu para pemuda Indonesia dihadapkan pada ancaman yang sangat berbeda yaitu bukan lagi penjajah secara harfiah melainkan ‘penjajahan’ dari sisi fisik dan psikis pemuda termasuk dampak dari perkembangan teknologi. Saat ini pemuda dihadapkan pada ancaman perilaku berisiko seperti penyalahgunaan narkotika, psikotropika, dan zat adiktif lainnya (NAPZA), perilaku seksual berisiko, kekerasan dan perundungan, yang ke semuanya dapat menghambat pemuda melakukan tugasnya sebagai generasi penerus bangsa yang berkualitas. Melalui RPJMN 2020-2024, dalam rangka pembangunan SDM berkualitas, pemerintah telah menentukan salah satu proyek prioritasnya yaitu peningkatan kualitas pemuda, dengan satu dari tiga strategi yang ada adalah pencegahan perilaku berisiko pada pemuda. Tulisan ini menganalisis apakah strategi pemerintah melalui pencegahan perilaku berisiko pada pemuda yang dilakukan sudah tepat untuk menjawab pembangunan SDM berkualitas. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu studi kasus. Tiga teori digunakan dalam analisis tulisan ini yaitu teori pencegahan, teori perilaku dan teori risiko. Studi ini menyimpulkan (3) temuan penting. Pertama, proyek yang ditentukan masih berkutat pada aspek kuantitas Kedua, kualitas sosialisasi dan edukasi masih terbatas cakupannya, dan Ketiga, belum adanya kajian khusus terhadap akar permasalahan. Dengan demikian, perlu dilakukan perbaikan dalam rencana kerja pemerintah ke depan, khususnya tentang pemilihan proyek yang mendukung dalam pencegahan perilaku berisiko pemuda. Strategi pencegahan perilaku berisiko pada pemuda akan meningkatkan kualitas dan kapasitas pemuda Indonesia menyongsong bonus demografi tahun 2030 dan Indonesia emas pada tahun 2045 melalui strategi pencegahan perilaku berisiko pada pemuda.
AKHMET BAITURSYNOV – THE FOUNDER OF KAZAKH SUPERSEGMENTAL PHONETICS
Authors: Bazarbayeva Z. M.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the scientific heritage of the founder of Kazakh linguistics A. Baitursynov in the field of super-segmental phonetics. From the point of view of the teachings of A. Baitursynov, the main components of intonation, their functions in sounding speech are described. A detailed description is given to the components of intonation: melody, tempo, intensity, pause, timbre. The intonation specificity of the language is manifested in the choice of prosodic means and their interaction. According to A. Baitursynov, the Kazakh prosodic system is similar to the prosodic system of the French language rather than Russian. This is manifested in the nature of the Kazakh stress, which, like in French, falls on the end of the word, in contrast to the different-place Russian stress. The concept of intonation, the smallest functional unit of intonation, is explained.

Intonema is a sign that has both form and content. The number of intones, as well as phonemes, is limited. On the basis of experimental-phonetic research, 8 intones of the Kazakh language were identified. The main function of an intonme is revealed, which serves to differentiate statements.

Particular attention is paid to the intonation of poetic speech. The scientist introduced into scientific circulation such concepts as syllable, verse, line, rhythm through which poetic texts are described. The scientific contribution of the scientist to the development of functional grammar is analyzed. A. Baitursynov in his research examined the problems of the theory of discourse, for the first time in Kazakh linguistics he explored speech facts in a communicative-pragmatic aspect.
PAST AND FUTURE OF KAZAKH ETHNOLINGUISTICS IN THE RESEARCH OF KAZAKH ETHNOLINGUISTS (research by E. Zhanpeisov and Zh. Mankeeva)
Authors: Momynova B. , Anesova U.
Published: February 2022

The article deals with a specific period of ethnolinguistics, as well as the role and contribution of Professor Zhanpeisov E. to the research of Kazakh ethnolinguistics, scientific works of the scientist, including the last monograph of the scientist entitled “Kazakh eskilikteri». Some lexical units are subject to linguistic analysis. The article examines the work of Professor Zh. Mankeeva’s recent contribution to the field of ethnolinguistics, revealing the semantics of linguistic units, ethnocultural meaning.
FORMS AND APPLICATION OF PARTICIPLES IN THE TEXTBOOK OF OMAR SARBATYR ULY “BOTANY» PUBLISHED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Kegenbekova A. D.
Published: February 2022

At the beginning of the 20th century, many textbooks started appearing in the Kazakh language. They can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of original textbooks written by Kazakh scientists, the second one consists of translated textbooks. In any case, these textbooks can provide valuable information about the specifics of using language units at the time period under consideration.

The article analyzes the forms of participles and their use in the textbook “Botany» by Omar Sarbatyr uly.
ISSUES OF COLLECTING AND PROCESSING AUDIO MATERIALS FOR THE DIALECT CORPUS
Authors: Sirazitdinov Z. A. , Boskonbayeva L. A. , Shamsetdinova G. G.
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the principles of creating a corpus of audio materials of the eastern dialect of the Bashkir language. The authors are tasked with representative collecting field materials, taking into account the age, gender, level of education, language of communication, national identity of informants and the variety of topics for conversation. The corpus is intended to present audio recordings, to transcribe audio files as transcribed texts, to present their literary version and the Russian translation of the dialect text.
STRUCTURAL ASPECT OF WORD-FORMATION MARKUP (derived words and ways of word formation)
Authors: Zhanabekova A. A. , Pirmanova K. K.
Published: February 2022

In the national corpus of the Kazakh language, word-formation markings are among the linguistic markups that have their own structure, as well as other morphological, lexical and semantic markups. Therefore, when preparing the development of word-formation markups, it is necessary to consider the phenomena characteristic of word-formation markings. In this article, we consider the history of word formation as a separate branch of linguistics. We focused on derived words and word-formation approaches as a structural aspect of word-formation markups.
ABAY CONTENT IN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS
Authors: Kobdenova G. , Seitbatkal А. , Eshmetova B.
Published: February 2022

In the course of studying this topic, three authors, using various methods, express their opinion on the level of transmission, coverage range of Abay's work in local Russian-language school textbooks, draw conclusions and make suggestions as linguists. All Russian-language textbooks for 1-11 grades were considered. This research work was carried out in honor of the anniversary of "Abay – 175 years", and the report "Abay's dictionary and Abay in school life" was made at the online round table. The article was prepared on the basis of that report.
ETHICAL CONCEPTS IN THE WORDS OF EDIFICATION OF ABAI
Authors: Uali N. M.
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the features of word formation of ethical concepts in the heritage of Abai "Words of Edification". The linguistic referents of ethical concepts as worldview traits are based on axiologisms, which are grouped in the form of values, anti-feelings, and ambivalent values. In the process and as a result of the analysis, negative phenomena in the system of public relations are revealed. From the point of view of the philosophy of the great poet’s worldview, the rationalistic orientation of ethical concepts is anthropocentric, and the position is humanistic.
SPELLING OF SOME COMPLEX WORDS
Authors: Aldasheva A. , Zhanabekova A.
Published: February 2022

One of the important problems in Kazakh orthography is spelling of complex adjectives. Modern written communication provides sufficient material about the dynamic processes and changes in spelling of a number of layers of complex, especially relative adjectives, expressing signs attributed to objects, animals, etc., by belonging, character, as well as various properties.The article analyzes complex relative adjectives denoting different shades of the horse's color, taking into account the frequency of using their combined or separate spelling in written communication. Also, on the basis of the structural and semantic analysis, a number of recommendations for the unification of their spelling are put forward.
Development of Life and Career Skills Scale for University Students
Authors: Dogru Mustafa , Celik Melahat , Koca Ceren , Tongal Aysegul
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to determine the life and career skills of university students. 396 university students in Turkey who look for work have participated in Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and also data were collected from 439 students for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). According to the result of the analysis, 4-factor scale consisting of 20 items was obtained. The Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was calculated to reveal the internal consistency of the scale and it was found to be 0.84. According to the result of CFA, fit indexes were calculated as X2 / df = 3.56, NFI = 0.94, NNFI = 0.95, RFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.96, GFI = 0.88, AGFI = 0.85, SRMR = 0.073, IFI = 0.96. The life and career skills of students studying at universities were measured by "Life and Career Skills Scale" developed by the researchers.
A Dialectic Perspective on the Evolution of Thesauri and Ontologies
Authors: Amirhosseini Maziar
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to identify the most important factors and features in the evolution of thesauri and ontologies through a dialectic model. This model relies on a dialectic process or idea which could be discovered via a dialectic method. This method has focused on identifying the logical relationship between a beginning proposition, or an idea called a thesis, a negation of that idea called the antithesis, and the result of the conflict between the two ideas, called a synthesis. During the creation of knowl­edge organization systems (KOSs), the identification of logical relations between different ideas has been made possible through the consideration and use of the most influential methods and tools such as dictionaries, Roget’s Thesaurus, thesaurus, micro-, macro- and metathesauri, ontology, lower, middle and upper level ontologies. The analysis process has adapted a historical methodology, more specifically a dialectic method and documentary method as the reasoning process. This supports our arguments and synthesizes a method for the analysis of research results. Confirmed by the research results, the principle of unity has shown to be the most important factor in the development and evolution of the structure of knowl­edge organization systems and their types. There are various types of unity when considering the analysis of logical relations. These include the principle of unity of alphabetical order, unity of science, semantic unity, structural unity and conceptual unity. The results have clearly demonstrated a movement from plurality to unity in the assembling of the complex structure of knowl­edge organization systems to increase information and knowl­edge storage and retrieval performance.
Online Public Access Catalogues and Library Discovery Systems
Authors: Wells David
Published: February 2022

This article provides an overview of computer based catalogue systems designed for use by library clients, seeing present day ‘discovery systems’ on the same trajectory as the older ‘online public access catalogues’ (OPACs) which they are gradually replacing, both in technical development and their approach to client use scenarios. It traces the history of the OPAC/discovery system from its origins in the library automation of the 1960s through to the present and discusses the main technical standards which have formed its development. The article goes on to consider questions relating to the usability of electronic library catalogues and highlights semiotic and ethical issues inherent to their design. It concludes with reflections on the future of the OPAC/discovery system in an information universe apparently dominated by the internet search engine.
Apport et stratégies de recouvrement de l’impôt sur les véhicules dans le budget de l’Etat Congolais.
Authors: Kazadi Eder Mbala
Published: February 2022

Cette étude porte, telle que l’indique son intitulé, sur l’impôt sur les véhicules institué, conformément à la Constitution en vigueur, par la l’Ordonnance-loi n°13/001 du 23 février 2013 fixant la nomenclature des impôts, droits, taxes et redevances des provinces et des entités territoriales décentralisées ainsi que leurs modalités de répartition. Ensuite, il est encadré par l’Edit n°0002/08 du 22 janvier 2008 portant procédures relatives aux impôts, taxes, redevances et autres droits dus à la ville de Kinshasa et l’Edit n°0005/08 du 11 octobre 2008 relatif aux impôts, taxes et droits provinciaux dus à la Ville de Kinshasa. Dans ce sens, la réflexion développée est non seulement centrée sur l’analyse de ce cadre juridique mais elle aborde aussi quelques aspects factuels relevés dans la mise en application dudit impôt que l’on qualifie abusivement de « vignette » dans le langage courant. A la fin de quoi, elle propose la revue de stratégies que requiert actuellement le recouvrement de cet impôt auprès de ses assujettis en vue de rendre son imposition plus significative et, par delà, permettre le renforcement du système fiscal congolais qui, concrètement, devrait être plus incitatif, persuasif qu’uniquement auto déclaratif et liquidatif pour le renflouement de la caisse budgétaire de la Ville Province de Kinshasa et par ricochet celle de l’Etat.
Contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois de finances et protection des droits fondamentaux en République Démocratique du Congo
Authors: Wetsh’Okonda Marcel
Published: February 2022

La Constitution congolaise du 18 février 2006 contient un catalogue étoffé de droits fondamentaux, y compris sociaux. Pour assurer leur mise en œuvre, le Gouvernement et le Parlement devraient en tenir compte, le premier lors de l’élaboration des lois de finances annuelles et le second au moment de l’adoption de celles-ci. Tel ne semble pas, cependant, la situation sur terrain et ce, notamment à cause de la faiblesse du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois de finances annuelles. C’est ce que la présente contribution s’efforce de montrer.
La fédération des entreprises du Congo: organisation, fonctionnement et compétences
Authors: Mangaza Marc Kamananga
Published: February 2022

La RDC est un pays dont le potentiel économique n’est plus à démontrer. Les acteurs privés impliqué dans cette dynamiques au niveau national ont pris la décision de se regrouper de leur propre initiative au tour de la Fédération des entreprises du Congo (FEC), qui est une asbl aux termes de la loi n° 004/2001 du 20juillet 2001 portant dispositions générales applicables aux associations sans but lucratif et aux établissements d’utilité publique. Cette institution privé permet aux entrepreneurs congolais de se réunir et de discuter à propos des sujets qui intéressent leurs activités et, le cas échéant, défendre leurs intérêts pour la réalisation de leurs objectifs individuels ou collectifs. La FEC dispose des organes nationaux et des organes provinciaux et municipaux. Ainsi, elle comprendre des organes à compétence nationale générale qui sont l'Assemblée Générale; le Conseil d'Administration; le Comité de Direction et les Commissaires aux comptes); mais également des organes à compétence nationale spéciale dénommés Commissions ou Chambres et des organes à compétence matérielle générale dans les limites de leur ressort territorial qui sont l'Assemblée Provinciale; le Conseil Provincial; le Comité de District; le Comité de Territoire ou de Commune.
Twitter und das Urheberrecht
Authors: Fischer Linn-Karen , Wasnick Lars
Published: February 2022

Die Plattform Twitter zählt zu den bekanntesten Kurznachrichtendiensten. Nutzer können über sie Beiträge mit der Außenwelt teilen. Diese sog. Tweets können einen Gesamtumfang von 280 Zeichen einnehmen und zusätzlich mit Bildern oder Videos versehen werden. Tweets verbreiten sich nicht nur unter den Nutzern des Kurznachrichtendienstes rasant schnell. Sie werden auch auf anderen Social-Media-Kanälen vielfach rezipiert. All diese Interaktionsvarianten bieten Raum für zahlreiche Urheberrechtsverletzungen, die im Rahmen dieses Beitrags näher untersucht werden. Der Beitrag beleuchtet beginnend die Werkeigenschaft eines Tweets. Ausgehend von der möglichen Schutzfähigkeit werden in einem weiteren Schritt potentielle Urheberrechtsverletzungen innerhalb der Plattform, in Form des Retweetens und Zitierens betrachtet. Gegenstand des Beitrags ist nicht nur nutzergenerierter Inhalt, sondern auch das Nutzerverhalten auf der Plattform durch Verwendung von Drittinhalten. Anknüpfend daran werden urheberrechtlich relevante Interaktionen außerhalb Twitters aufgezeigt. Zusätzlich behandelt die Abhandlung eigene Schutzrechte der Plattform als Datenbankherstellerin und mögliche Haftungsfragen nach dem neuen UrhDaG.
Description of a new species of Spiralothelphusa Bott, 1968, and redescription of Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae)
Authors: Pati Sameer K. , Mandal Sudipta , Jaiswal Deepa
Published: February 2022

A new species of the gecarcinucid freshwater crab genus, Spiralothelphusa Bott, 1968, is described from the Andhra Pradesh State of South India, with supporting data from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. This brings the number of known species of Spiralothelphusa to seven, five from India and two from Sri Lanka. The identity of S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862) has remained uncertain because the former lectotype designation was not clear. Bott (1968), while designating a male lectotype of S. wuellerstorfi from the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria, had neither stated the catalogue number nor the size of the specimen. It is now difficult to trace the particular lectotype among several paralectotypes of the depository. A new lectotype is, therefore, designated herein for S. wuellerstorfi, and the species is redescribed. The new species, S. andhra sp. nov., has morphological affinities with S. wuellerstorfi, but can be distinguished from the latter species by the shape of the male telson and outer margin of the non-twisted portion of the male first gonopod. Phylogenetic analyses of the molecular data also corroborate their separation. An illustrated identification key is provided for the species of Spiralothelphusa.
The impact of ecological responsibility on business excellence of mountain hotels
Authors: Radović Nikica , Čerović Slobodan
Published: February 2022

Sustainable business management of companies aims to, taking into consideration all the goals of sustainable development, monitor and analyze business performance in order to be ready to react at the moment critical to the company's financial position. Risk management in sustainable business management refers to the implementation of ecological, social, and economic factors in a company's business. The focal point of the analysis are hotels from the mountain centers of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. In this paper, research will be conducted from two aspects: first, we examine and evaluate ecologically responsible business management of hotels; then, we calculate and analyze their business excellence on the basis of data obtained from the official financial reports by applying the BEX model. The aim of this paper is to observe and consider the business results of analyzed hotels to date and give recommendations for the upgrading of business management and better positioning on the regional tourist market.
The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Reviewing Serbian and global strategies
Authors: Bakator Mihalj , Ćoćkalo Dragan , Đorđević Dejan , Bogetić Srđan
Published: February 2022

The main goal of this review paper is to thoroughly analyze and concisely present data and information on the COVID-19 pandemic. The review focuses on Serbian as well as on global strategies and policies for resolving challenges in the domain of public health and economic stability. Now, the goal is to analyze the intensity of this negative economic impact, and to address the existing and potential strategies for overcoming the economic crisis. The review paper contributes to the existing body of literature and it increases the awareness of non-experts, as its concise nature provides significant insight into the seriousness of the crisis. Fellow scholars can turn to this review as basis for future research.
The role of leptin in regulation of neuronal activity associated with control of food intake
Authors: Marić Gorica , Labudović-Borović Milica , Tomanović Nada , Zaletel Ivan , Trtica Marko , Lakočević Milan , Ćirić Milan , Kostić Jelena , Puškaš Nela
Published: February 2022

The process of eating is a set of complex and different forms of behavior. Its regulation is based up on appetite control and one of the important factors in that system is leptin, a peptide hormone primarily synthesized in the adipose tissue. Leptin levels, besides the amount of fat tissue in the body, depend on: food intake, sex, age, physical activity and glucose up-take. In addition, leptin secretion displays circadian rhythm. The effects of this hormone are mediated via leptin receptors, which are distributed in the central nervous system and several other tissues. Activation of the receptors initiates a cascade of several signaling pathways, of which JAK2/STAT3 is the most important pathway in the process of feeding regulation and energy homeostasis. Leptin controls energy balance and body weight by activating leptin receptors in the hypothalamus, and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is the main site of its action. Within that nucleus, leptin stimulates the activity of anorexigenic POMC/CART neurons and inhibits the activity of orexigenic AgRP/NPY neurons. In addition, leptin regulates the expression of (an)orexigenic neuropeptides in the ventromedial, paraventricular nucleus and in the lateral hypothalamus. Bearing these facts in mind, studies that were conducted have shown that leptin may have its place in the treatment of obesity, since its application leads to a significant reduction in body weight in animals and in people with a deficit of this hormone. This has led to the development of clinically appropriate product leptin, which has entered the third phase of clinical trial.
The role of orexin/hypocretin in regulating the sleep: Wake cycle
Authors: Radić Neda , Zaletel Ivan , Lakočević Milan , Labudović-Borović Milica , Bajčetić Miloš , Ćirić Milan , Kostić Jelena , Mirčić Aleksandar , Puškaš Nela
Published: February 2022

The neurons of the lateral hypothalamus that synthesize peptides hypocretin/orexin from a common precursor pre-pro-orexin/preprohypocretin are the key stabilizers of sleep-wake cycle. Regulation of sleep-wake cycle is achieved through a functional interaction between orexinergic neurons of the hypothalamus, monoaminergic/cholinergic neurons of the brainstem and GABAergic/galanin neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Orexins/hypocretins originating from the hypothalamus excite monoaminergic neurons. In contrast to this, excited monoaminergic neurons reciprocally inhibit orexinergic neurons. GABAergic neurons, which also include galanin, send inhibitory signals to monoaminergic and orexinergic neurons, while monoaminergic neurons send inhibitory signals to GABAergic neurons who are active during sleep. Such an organization, with mutual influences is of great importance for the stabilization of sleep-wake cycle. Studies have also shown that the loss of orexinergic neurons is directly related to narcolepsy, a form of hypersomnia which is characterized by the sudden intrusion of NREM and REM sleep phase to wakefulness and frequent transitions between state of sleep and wakefulness. Narcolepsy may be accompanied by cataplexy, which is manifested by the sudden weak-ness of muscle tone. Discovery of the connection between the loss of orexinergic signaling and human narcolepsy-cata-plexy has led to new diagnostic and therapeutic options in the treatment of this disease.