bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A laguna de Aveiro (Centro de Portugal ) no século XIX: uma abordagem através da geomorfologia histórica
Authors: Martins Cátia Bragança
Published: December 2018

Os documentos usados pela historiografia na reconstituição e reconhecimento dos lugares, como a cartografiaantiga, livros de memórias e descrições, podem constituir importantes fontes para a análise daevolução geomorfológica de muitos espaços, sobretudo do litoral, onde os fenómenos geomorfológicossão relativamente rápidos. A laguna de Aveiro, dadas as suas características, corresponde a um espaçode cruzamento entre Geomorfologia e História, permitindo que fontes de carácter histórico forneçamdados fundamentais para a compreensão do seu comportamento e evolução. Assim, o objecto destainvestigação é a análise da relação entre as construções antrópicas e a dinâmica litoral da laguna deAveiro durante o século XIX – período de 1823 a 1886, onde, a partir de três exemplos de levantamentoscartográficos, formularemos uma hipótese de interpretação. Tal demonstrará a viabilidade destaopção.
Praia do Areão (Vagos, Centro de Portugal) – dinâmica e gestão da duna frontal
Authors: De Almeida António Campar
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho pretende mostrar como nem sempre as medidas tomadas para obviar o forte ataque da duna frontal, fruto do recuo da linha de costa na Região Centro de Portugal, têm sido as mais adequadas já quenão foram tidas em conta as dinâmicas dessa mesma duna e da praia que lhe está adjacente. A instalaçãode passadiços não veio resolver nada, podendo mesmo agravar a situação e preconiza-se uma série de medidas de procura de estabilização da duna, a fim de, pelo menos, afrouxar o forte avanço que a duna está a sofrer em direcção ao interior. Essas medidas passam pela suavização do contacto praia-duna, pela colmatação dos corredores eólicos, pela plantação de vegetação no cimo da duna capaz de interceptar a areia em circulação e pela retirada dos apoios de praia desta duna.
Reflexões sobre riscos ambientais. Diálogo entre as geografias do Brasil e Portugal
Authors: Soares da Silva Mauro Henrique
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho tem como o objetivo geral incentivar reflexões e debates referentes ao conceito e aplicabilidade geográfica do termo “risco ambiental”. Nesta discussão foram apresentadas algumas abordagens e reflexões que culminaram na noção e/ou conceito de risco e “risco ambiental” no Brasil e em Portugal, promovendo o diálogo entre os principais autores e trabalhos sobre a referida temática em ambos os países, relacionando-os com a busca da interdisciplinaridade tão almejada na contemporaneidade da geografia.

Reflections on environmental hazard. Dialogue between the geographies of Brazil and Portugal - The present work has as main objective to encourage reflection and discussion concerning the concept and applicability of the geographical term “environmental Hazard”. In this discussion were presented some approaches and ideas that culminated in the concept of risk and “environmental Hazard” in Brazil and Portugal, promoting dialogue among the main authors and works on that theme in both countries, linking with the current search interdisciplinary geography
Estudo antracológico do compartimento 1, setor A-2008 de Monte Mozinho
Authors: Vaz Filipe Costa , Tereso João Pedro
Published: December 2018

Durante as escavações arqueológicas realizadas no Castro de Monte Mozinho, nos anos de 2008 e 2009, foram efetuadas recolhas de sedimentos com vista à realização de estudos de arqueobotânica. A presente discussão centra-se na componente antracológica das recolhas realizadas no Compartimento 1 do setorA-2008 do povoado. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a identificação de um espectro paleoflorístico no qual se destaca a presença de castanheiro (Castanea sativa Mill.), carvalho caducifólio (Quercus tipo caducifólia), dois tipos de leguminosas, choupo (Populus L.) e pinheiro bravo (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Em segundo plano surgiram urze (Erica L.), amieiro-negro (Frangula alnus Mill.), freixo (Fraxinus L.), Prunus L. (género ao qual pertencem diversas espécies domésticas e silvestres tais como a ameixeira, o pessegueiro, o abrunheirobravo), salgueiro (Salix L.), ulmeiro (Ulmus L.) e azinheira ou sobreiro (Quercus tipo perenifólia).O número de espécies e a diversidade ecológica do conjunto analisado permitiu concluir que a recoleção de madeiras ocorreu em três formações vegetais distintas: bosques climácicos dominados por carvalhos; matos subseriais arbustivos resultantes da degradação da primeira formação; e formações ripícolas. Odestaque de Castanea sativa L. nas amostras permitiu algumas reflexões acerca da sua integração nas dinâmicas ecológicas e económicas de época romana.

Charcoal analysis in Monte Mozinho: a paleoecological approach to the remains from compartment 1, sector A-2008 - During the archaeological excavations in the roman settlement of Castro de Monte Mozinho, taken place in 2008 and 2009, several soil samples were collected in order to obtain relevant archaeobotanical data. The present article focuses on the compartment 1, sector A-2008. The results obtained allowed the identification of a paleofloristic spectre, in which stands out the presence of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), deciduous oak (Quercus deciduous), Leguminosae, poplar (Populus L.) and cluster pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). In small numbers, several other species were identified, e.g. heath (Erica L.), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill.), ash (Fraxinus L.), Prunus L. (genus with a wide range of species – plum tree, cherry plum, peach, etc.), willow (Salix L.), smooth-leaved elm (Ulmus L.) and cork oak or holm oak (Quercus evergreen). The variety of species analysed throughout the study allowed us to assume that firewood collection took place in three distinct plant formations: climacic forests of deciduous oak, subserial formations originated by its degradation and riparian vegetation. On the other hand, the relevance of Castanea sativa in these samples allowed the discussion of its integration in the regional Roman ecological and economical dynamics.
MEMPERTIMBANGKAN KUALITAS DATA KUALITATIF WAWANCARA PADA PARTISIPAN YANG MENGALAMI KESULITAN DALAM MENJELASKAN PENGALAMAN SECARA DETAIL
Authors: Dachrud Musdalifah
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the constraints and challenges that may arise when conducting qualitative interviews with people with language disabilities or the weak elderly who have difficulty explaining in detail about their experiences. The literature on qualitative research seems to assume that good quality qualitative interviews consist of long and unbroken narratives. This ideal includes specific requirements for research participants. Qualitative studies including weak elderly people or people with disabilities in communication will be disadvantaged by biased samples or vague descriptions. Strategies to maximize the quality of interview data, such as larger samples and more varied samples, require an investment of sufficient time to build a "rapport approach" in interview situations, repeated interviews, special interview techniques, and the incorporation of interviews and observations - participant observation is suggested. Keywords: Qualitative methods, qualitative interviews, interviews, stroke sufferers, elderly (elderly) are weak  Tulisan ini membahas kendala-kendala dan tantangan-tantangan yang mungkin timbul ketika melakukan wawancara kualitatif dengan penyandang cacat bahasa atau lansia lemah yang mengalami kesulitan menjelaskan secara detil mengenai pengalaman-pengalaman mereka. Literatur-literatur tentang penelitian kualitatif tampaknya mengasumsikan bahwa wawancara kualitatif yang berkualitas baik terdiri dari narasi yang panjang dan tidak terputus. Hal ideal ini mencakup persyaratanpersyaratan khusus pada partisipan-partisipan penelitian. Kajian kualitatif termasuk lansia lemah atau orang yang cacat dalam berkomunikasi akan dirugikan dengan sampel yang bias atau deskripsi yang tidak jelas. Strategi-strategi untuk memaksimalkan kualitas data wawancara, seperti sampel yang lebih besar dan sampel yang lebih bervariasi, membutuhkan investasi waktu yang cukup untuk membangun “pendekatan awal/rapport” dalam situasi wawancara, wawancara berulang, teknik wawancara khusus, dan penggabungan wawancara dan pengamatan-pengamatan partisipan disarankan.Kata Kunci: Metode kualitatif, wawancara kualitatif, wawancara, penderita stroke, lanjut usia (lansia) lemah
Eka Mei Ristianti_165100091
Authors: ristianti Eka mei
Published: December 2018

Borland delphi adalah bahasa pemrograman yang bekerja dalam lingkup Ms-windows yang merupakan pengembangan bahsa pascal yang bersifat visual. Ide Munculnya delphi sendiri berasal dari bahasa pemrograman yang cukup terkenal yaitu pascal. Karena pemrograman windows masih dirasa cukup sulit, sejak tahun 1993Borland International mengembangkan bahsa pascal yang bersifat visual. Borland delphi dapat memanfaatkan kemampuan MS-Windowssecara optial. Kemampuannya dapat dipakai untuk merancang program aplikasi yang berpenampilan seperti lainnya bersifat Ms-Windows. Khusus untuk pemrograman database, borlangd delphi menyediakan fasilitas objek yang sangat kuat dan lengkap, sehingga memudahkan programer dalam membuat program untuk aplikasi databse. Selain menyediakan format databse sendiri, yaitu format databse paradox dan dBase , Borland delphi juga dapat menangani berbagai macam format databse antara lain ms-access , ODBC, SyBase, Oracle dan lain lain.
Rifky Novpriyansyah_165100072
Authors: novpriansyah Rifky
Published: December 2018

Membuat aplikasi data base mahasiswa menggunakan delphi 7
FTP Security with Sockets
Authors: Kiramat
Published: December 2018

File Transfer Protocol (FTP), is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another host over a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), based network such as internet. This protocol can be used to upload or download files form one host to another. This protocol is based on client-server architecture. This article is about the security issues in FTP i.e., bounce attack, brute force, spoof attack and port stealing etc. Port Stealing is an issue in FTP that enables cyber criminals to steal data in transit. In this document we will be presenting a novel way to solve this problem by using Sockets and will secure information using encryption techniques to encrypt the data in transit.
Kasus Aturan Ganjil Genap di Tol Jagorawi dan Tangerang Ditinjau dari Teori Prinsip Refleksif Hati Nurani Manusia
Authors: Erliyana Silviya
Published: December 2018

Pada dasarnya setiap manusia memiliki hati nurani. Namun, baik atau buruknya hati nurani manusia tergantung pada manusia itu sendiri. Tiap manusia memiliki kapasitas hati nurani untuk membedakan baik dan buruk, karena hidup manusia tidak hanya mengalir begitu saja, melainkan juga dibentuk oleh banyak faktor, seperti lingkungan sekitar, tradisi, peraturan, relasi kemanusiaan satu dengan yang lain. Artinya, manusia tidak bisa melepaskan diri dari konteks/ ruang lingkup dimana manusia hidup/ada/menyejarah. Semuanya hal tersebut membangun konsep – konsep hati nurani manusia. Hati nurani bimbang berarti pengetahuannya tidak pasti. Hati nurani tidak pernah bimbang, karena jika bimbang orang tidak memiliki pengetahuan moralitas dari tindakannya.
ANALISIS KASUS YANG TERJADI DALAM KEHDUPAN SEHARI-HARI DI INDONESIA
Authors: muhamad salwa
Published: December 2018

Pembunuhan merupakan suatu kejahatan yang sangat tidak manusiawi karena sudah melanggar HAM (hak asasi manusia). Dan sebagai manusia, seharusnya kita saling menghargai, menghormati, dan saling toleransi sebagai mahkluk ciptaan Tuhan. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman kita melihat banyak sekali pelanggaran yang dilakukan di lingkungan masyarakat sekitar kita. Tapi semakin Indonesia menuju Indonesia yang dewasa ini semakin maraknya terjadi kasus pembunuhan yang terjadi. Pelanggaran ini di lakukan tidak hanya oleh orang dewasa saja melainkan anak dibawah umur juga ikut melakukan pelanggaran ini. Pembunuhan merupakan pelanggaran yang melanggar etika moral pancasila dan nilai demokrasi gotong-royongTindak pidana pembunuhan yang dilakukan secara disengaja maupun tidak disengaja, harus di tindak lanjuti di ranah hukum sebagaimana hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia. Dan kasus pembunuhan terbagi menjadi dua macm yaitu pembunuhna terencana dan tidak terencana. Kasus pembunuhan terencana merupakan kasus pembunuhan yang sudah di rencanakan dan sudah dipikirkan secara matang oleh si pelaku baik secara matang dan benar-siap dilakukan atau dilaksanakan., sedangkan pembunuhan secara tidak terencana adalah pembunuhan yang dilakukan atas dasar unsur ketidak sengajaan atau untuk melindungi diri dari ancaman yang membahayakan nyawa.Sudah banyak sanksi untuk para pelaku pembunuhan di Indonesia baik dalam bentuk tertulis maupun tidak tertulis, tetapi masih maraknya kasus pembunuhan dikarenakan kurangnya kesadaran para pelaku pembunuhan ini terhadap nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila, sehingga inilah yang membuat para pelaku bertidak seenaknya.
Training of Scientific Papers Writing On Students of Widya Dharma University
Authors: Sakti Bayu Purbha
Published: December 2018

This community service activities are done because the author wants students to have the ability to write their ideas to the public or community at large. The purpose of this activities is to provide skill to arrange scientific papers on students from Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program of Widya Dharma Univertsity by organizing scientific papers writing workshop. The benefits of this activities is to provide skills to students in preparing quality scientific papers and arrange forums to exchange ideas between the students and universities in terms of preparation for students in developing scientific papers. The method used is lecture method, discussion, answer question, and presentation. Several factors affecting the training activities of the scientific paper writing are the participants become interested to follow the training activities so that activities are expected to take place smoothly, this activities makes the participants to understand the scientific papers much better as important thing berfore they arrange the tesis, and the increased support and motivation from the Research and Community Service Institute of Unwidha so that future training activities can run smoothly. The manual book will be very necessary for students in arranging scientific papers so that students have scientific papers according to Unwidha’s papers. Unwidha lectures are expected to hold some student training so that students are more competents when they enter the workspace. The manual book will be very necessary for students in arranging scientific papers so that students have scientific papers according to Unwidha’s papers. Unwidha lecturers are expected to hold some student training so that students are more competent when they enter the workforce.
Kampanye Negatif dan Pemilu dinilai dengan legitimasi Negara Indonesia
Authors: Robby  , Dewantara Agustinus
Published: December 2018

Seseorang yang sudah melakukan kampanye hitam, maupun negatif apalagi berbau sara maka perlu ditindak lanjutin karena sudah melanggar hal hal diatas yaitu legitimasi dan juga merusak opini rakyat tetapi seorang penguasa demi kekayaan dan hak menjadi penguasa. Secara khusus, tugas untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan yang sehat dan adil adalah tidak memilih kampanye atau seseorang yang melakukan kampanye hitam dan negatif karena jika terpilih sudah pasti tugas tugas dan mandat rakyat akan diselewengkan karena dia yang sudah menghalalkan segala cara demi kekuasaan maka kekuasaan hanya akan menjadi milik dia tanpa terkecuali.
GROWTH AND PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION OF Fe2+ IONS IN SOME HYBRID RICE VARIETIES
Authors: Utama M Zulman Harja , Sunadi  , Haryoko Widodo
Published: December 2018

Increased production, many face increasingly complex challenges. The problem, which is not less important is the limited rice varieties tolerant to iron stress. The aim of the study was to obtain growth and distribution patterns of Fe2+ ions in several hybrid rice varieties. Experiment in Koto Baru, Sitiung I, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra. The experiment used a completely randomized design, with five replications. The single factor is rice varieties, namely: Mekongga, Inpari 24, Inpari 27 and Inpari 28. The paddy fields used contain 104.69 mg kg-1 Fe2+, these concentrations greatly affect growth which causes poisoning. The production of milled dry grain in all varieties remained high even though it was iron-strapped, because the number of productive tillers formed in the SBSU system was more than 21 stems per clump, with production of grain weight > 5.4 Mg ha-1. The pattern of iron distribution occurs through absorption and translocation in the vegetative and generative phases to roots, stems, leaves, grain, and rice. The difference in iron levels in each part shows the ability of each variety to adapt. To obtain rice grains rich in iron and able to grow and produce well in iron-clamped conditions, it is recommended that aquaculture using the SBSU system with Inpari 27 varieties be able to produce iron content in rice grains of more than 27 mg kg-1 with production of grain weight 6.83 Mg ha-1.
Isu SARA sebagai bahan kampanye untuk meraih suara dalam pemilu
Authors: rani Mustika
Published: December 2018

Indonesia adalah negara yang menggunakan Demokrasi Pancasila yang setiap 5 tahun mengadakan Pemilu. Isu yang berhubungan dengan Suku, Agama dan kebudayaan masyarakat menjadi salah satu bahan kampanye yang digunakan oleh peserta Pemilu dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh dukungan. Meskipun hal tersebut sebenarnya dilarang oleh pemerintah karena dapat menyebabkan perpecahan dalam masyarakat, namun masih ada saja pihak-pihak tidak bertanggungjawab yang menggunakan isu Sara sebagai bahan kampanye dengan harapan bahwa akan mendapatkan dukungan dari masyarakat. Sebagaiamana telah kita ketahui bahwa bangsa ini memiliki sejarah kelam akan konflik horizontal yang berlatar belakang Sara, dikhawatirkan bahwa konflik akan dapat pecah kembali akibat ulah oknum-oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab.
OER and Equity in the Classroom
Authors: Newman Anna
Published: December 2018

This infographic presents a sample scenario for how the high cost of a textbook affects student achievement. Depending on the method that students use to obtain their course materials, there are many barriers to success in their course. OER levels the playing field by giving students access to course materials on day one.
Volition in Prospective Memory: evidence against differences in recalling free and fixed delayed intentions
Authors: Vinding Mikkel C. , Lindeløv Jonas Kristoffer , Xiao Yahui , Chan Raymond C. K. , Sørensen Thomas Alrik
Published: December 2018

Human volition can be defined as the extent to which actions are generated by internal states or as a response to externally dictated instructions. Whether actions are voluntary or not influence the cognitive process of action generation and perception of action. The influence of volition on deciding actions at a later point in time is a less explored dimension. A voluntary decision on future action requires that the intention must be stored in the prospective memory until the intended action is performed. It is unknown if the distinction between freely chosen actions and externally dictated actions has a cognitive relevance for delayed intentions. In the present study, we compare the difference between voluntarily formed intentions and intentions fixed by external instructions in a prospective memory task. In the task, participants either freely chose a cue or were given a fixed cue by the task instructions which they had to store in memory and recalled when the cue was encountered during an ongoing filler task. We examined if there would be a difference between the free and fixed delayed intention on retrieval of the delayed intention by modelling the task performance and reaction time using a Bayesian hierarchical drift-diffusion model. We then compared if there were differences in diffusion rate, decision threshold, bias, and non-decision time between free and fixed intentions in the prospective memory task, which would signify that free and fixed delayed intentions differentially engage prospective memory. Comparison of the estimated model parameters for the free and fixed intentions showed evidence against differences between free and fixed conditions in the prospective memory task. The results suggest that once the intention is encoded in memory, it no longer makes a cognitive difference at retrieval if it was initially formed freely or was fixed.
Big Tech Hits the Diplomatic Circuit: Norm Entrepreneurship, Policy Advocacy, and Microsoft’s Cybersecurity Tech Accord
Authors: Gorwa Robert , Peez Anton
Published: December 2018

The UN Group of Governmental Experts’ (UN GGE) June 2017 failure to build upon its previous work regarding rules for state behavior in cyberspace is widely seen as the breakdown of the institutionalized state-led cyber norms process. Technology firm Microsoft has since led a campaign to convince states and firms to renounce certain cyber operations, advocating for what company President Brad Smith called a “Digital Geneva Convention.” Microsoft’s April 2018 “Cybersecurity Tech Accord” (CTA) now has 69 members spanning various industries and regions of the world, who have signed on to four principles that some see as the building blocks of an alternative norms process opposing state cyber operations. This paper asks two questions: (1) Why has Microsoft devoted financial and political capital to a cyber norm-building campaign, and (2) Why are other firms joining the CTA?
The construction of incompetency: moving beyond embedded paternalism toward the practice of respect
Authors: Subramani Supriya
Published: December 2018

This paper illustrates the less-acknowledged social construction of the concept of “incompetency” and draws attention to the moral concerns it raises in healthcare encounters in the south Indian city of Chennai. Based on in-depth interviews with 16 surgeons, drawn from qualitative research, this study reveals that surgeons subjectively construct the idea of incompetency through their understanding of the perceived circumstantial characteristics of the patients and family members. The findings largely suggest that surgeons dismiss their capacity based on constructed assessments, which leads to paternalistic practice. The findings illustrate how these assessments structure the surgeons’ practices and provide the moral and practical justifications for their actions. The constructed knowledge becomes a source for drawing normative justification for surgeons’ actions and, in conjunction with socially enforced relationships, leads patients and family members to be on the receiving end of disrespectful attitudes. By employing the ethical framework, this paper argues for physicians to pursue “respect for persons,” beyond the framework of “capacity/autonomy,” and to practice respect in hospital settings.
Utilisation of plasma centrifuges for life support systems on Mars
Authors: Gruenwald Johannes
Published: December 2018

In this paper the possibility of utilising a plasma centrifuge for oxygen generation in outer space is discussed. It is proposed that a plasma centrifuge can not only create oxygen for human consumption very efficiently but is also able to produce useful by-products. Special emphasis is given to life support systems working in the atmosphere of Mars, where oxygen and carbon raw materials can be obtained directly from the atmosphere. The system under consideration in this work is a plasma centrifuge with axial circulation that contains a fully ionised plasma. Under these conditions the carbon dioxide from the Mars atmosphere will be entirely dissociated. Thus, the atomic oxygen and carbon can easily be separated.
Comparative characteristics of the effect made by natural and synthetic antiseptics on microorganisms causing bacterial nasopharyngeal infections
Authors: Kovalchuk V.P. , Isnyuk A.S. , Vovk I.M. , Kishchuk V.V. , Kovalenko I.M.
Published: December 2018

Local antimicrobial therapy of nasopharyngeal infections takes an important role in reducing microbial colonization, contributes to the reduction of inflammation and accelerates patient`s recovery. The purpose of our work was to compare the effect of natural and synthetic antiseptics on clinical strains of microorganisms (S.aureus, S.pyogenes, K.pneumoniae, K.rhinoscleromatis), which caused infections of the upper respiratory tract. The antimicrobial action of the antiseptics (sanguiritrinum, chlorophyllipte, decasan, miramistin) was studied on 26 clinical strains. For comparative antimicrobial asssay, the double dilution test was used; the antiseptic activity index (AAI) was counted; a quantitative suspension test was performed in order to estimate decontaminating ability of studied antiseptics. The bactericidal action of decasan and myramistin on clinical strains of S.aureus and S.pyogenes did not exceed 8 μg / ml, the same activity of sanguviritrin was observed at 16–26 μg / ml, and chlorophyllitine at 55–94 μg / ml, respectively. Klebsiella had high sensitivity to decasan, sanguiritrinum, myramistin (MCC from 2.5 to 20 μg / ml). High AAIs of all antiseptics was revealed for S.aureus (from 8.5 for chlorophyllipte and 78.1 for decasan). The 0.2% solution of sanguiritrinum had the highest resource of effective action according to AAI data. Synthetic antiseptics had a complete decontaminating effect on most strains after exposure for 5 minutes. Natural antiseptics demonstrated low decontaminating ability, even after exposure for 60 minutes. As a result of a comparative study of solutions containing natural and synthetic antiseptics, the benefits of the latter to microorganisms, which most often caused infections of upper respiratory infections, were established.
Ecologia das Relações Espaciais: as Preposições do Crioulo Guineense
Authors: Couto Hildo Honório do , Couto Elza Kioko Nakayama Nenoki do
Published: December 2018

O objetivo principal deste ensaio é analisar as preposições do crioulo português da Guiné-Bissau e de Casamansa (sul do Senegal), mostrando que, como já dizia Bernard Pottier desde pelo menos a década de sessenta do século passado, as preposições são originariamente espaciais. As relações temporais são derivadas das espaciais e as nocionais (abstratas) são derivadas de ambas. O modelo teórico utilizado para essa análise é o da jovem disciplina Ecolinguística, mais especificamente, sua versão chamada Linguística Ecossistêmica, que é a que praticamos no Brasil. Essa versão da Ecolinguística dispõe do modelo da ecologia das relações espaciais, de que as preposições espaciais são exemplos prototípicos. Partindo desse modelo, é possível explicar inclusive alguns usos de preposições que para nós ocidentais parecem estranhos, como a lebrei sai na si koba (o coelho saiu de sua toca). Explica também porque na (em) é a preposição prototípica, mas a mais frequente é di (de).
Editorial
Authors: Ireland John , Mui Constance
Published: December 2018

There has rarely been a writer and thinker who saw his writing as
more tied to his age than Jean-Paul Sartre. His notion of committed
literature argued that writing and thought are anchored first and
foremost in their “situation,” the period and context in which they
are first produced, disseminated and discussed. One writes for one’s
era, he maintained; that is when a piece of writing has its greatest
impact. Almost forty years after his death, there is some irony in the
fact that Sartre’s writings and thought continue to be invoked in so
many different contexts far removed from their immediate cultural
moment and situation. And this despite the legion of detractors on
both sides of the Atlantic for whom the end of the Berlin wall and
Soviet Russia sealed Sartre’s failed legacy and any possibility of his
continued relevance.
Sartre, Camus and a Marxism for the 21st Century
Authors: Schweikart David
Published: December 2018

In 1952 Albert Camus wrote a caustic letter to Les Temps
Modernes in response to the journal’s negative review of The Rebel,
addressed, not to the author of the review, but to “M. Le Directeur,”
i.e. to Sartre. Sartre’s response published in the journal ended their
friendship. This article examines the deep cause of this rupture,
Camus’s political views moving rightward, Sartre’s moving left. I
examine Camus’s critique of Marx and Marxism, then ask the question,
“What is Marxism, Anyway?” I defend a version of Sartrean
“existential Marxism” as appropriate for our time.
Could Sartre have been a Free Market Capitalist?
Authors: Eshleman Matthew
Published: December 2018

William Irwin, The Free Market Existentialist: Capitalism without
Consumerism. West Essex: Wiley Blackwell, 2015, 203 pages, $21.95
(paper), ISBN: 978-1-119-12128-2.
Book Reviews
Authors: Boria Damon , Meagher Thomas , van den Hoven Adrian , Eshleman Matthew C.
Published: December 2018

Matthew C. Ally, Ecology and Existence: Bringing Sartre to the Water’s Edge
(Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017), 509 pp., $150.00, ISBN:
9780739182888 (hardback)

Helen Ngo, The Habits of Racism: A Phenomenology of Racism and Racialized
Embodiment (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017), 208 pp., $90.00,
ISBN: 9781498534642 (hardback)

Aaron James, Surfing with Sartre: An Aquatic Inquiry into a Life of Meaning
(New York: Doubleday, 2017), 336 pp., $ 27.95, ISBN:
9780385540735 (hardback)

Ronald Aronson, We: Reviving Social Hope. (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2017), 200 pp., $24.46, ISBN: 9780226334660 (hardback).
Diagnosis and treatment of testosterone deficiency in type 2 di abetes mellitus
Authors: Luchitsky V.E.
Published: December 2018

The purpose — to optimize approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of testosterone deficiency in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. We examined 147 men with type 2 diabetes at the age from 28 to 75 years old. The definition of testosterone total (cT), free testosterone (fT), estradiol (E2), sex steroid-binding globulin (CSHG), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), prostate-specific antigen total (PSA) in serum by immune-enzymatic method was performed. Substitution therapy with testosterone preparations was carried out by us to 89 patients. Results. Our studies conducted among men with type 2 diabetes have found a decrease in the mean T blood level in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the control. The mean levels of DHT were lowered compared to control. The average levels of E2 did not differ from those of the control. The average concentration of CSHG was reduced compared to control. On the background of testosterone therapy, stabilization of the level of total testosterone at the level of eugonadal values was observed in men who received testosterone substitution after 3 months of therapy. Conclusions. Men with diabetes type 2 need to be checked for testosterone concentration annually. In the case of a decrease in T level below 8 nmol/l it is necessary to conduct substitution therapy. In cases where T levels are within the ≪gray zone≫ of 12-8 nmol/l, additional laboratory tests are needed: the determination of free T levels, estradiol, CSHG.
Bibliometric analysis of scientific publicati on in journal «Еndokrynologia» for 1996-2017 years
Authors: Pasteur I.P. , Giryavenko O.Ya.
Published: December 2018

The aim is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in the journal ≪Endocrinology≫ for the period 1996-2017. Material and methods. The object of the study was all the issues of the journal for 1996-2017, and the subject of the research were headings of headings and scientific publications, as well as (selectively) scientific publications or abstracts to them. Methods of research — selection, bibliographic description, grouping and system content analysis of scientific publications in the journal. Content analysis, or a quantitative analysis of documents, consists in translating mass textual information into quantitative indicators. Results. The journal published 807 scientific works during 1996-2017. The largest number of publications falls on 2012 (54 entries) and 2013 (50 entries) years. Most of the publications are original studies (66.5% of the total). The ratio between publications of original experimental and clinical studies is 1:3. The largest number of publications on clinical topics is devoted to diabetes mellitus (49.5% of the total) and thyroid pathology (24.4%). The ratio between publications on diagnosis and treatment is 1:3. The greatest number of publications on experimental topics is devoted to the thyroid (22.8% of the total), pancreas (22.8%) and adrenal (25.4%) glands. Conclusions. In the past few years, the level of publications remains stable. It is necessary to develop a comprehensive program to increase the citation of publications and obtain the impact-factor.
Випадок гіперкальціємії, що викликав значні труднощі в діагностиці
Authors: Стельмах Г.О. , Баркар О.М.
Published: December 2018

Випадок гіперкальціємії, що викликав значні труднощі в діагностиці
PENGARUH MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING LEARNING BERBANTUAN HANDS ON ACTIVITY TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DIKELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 MINAS KABUPATEN SIAK TA. 2015/2016
Authors: Awal Raudhah , Sudarti Dian
Published: December 2018

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Model contextual teaching learning Berbantuan hands on activity Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas VII SMPN 1 Minas Kabupaten Siak bulan Mei 2016. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experiment dengan menggunakan the matching only pretest posstest control group design. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII.1 dengan jumlah siswa 30 orang dan VII.2 dengan jumlah 30 orang, yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui pretest, posttest, dan lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa. Hasil data uji-t N-Gain adalah 0.000 < 0.05 (α), maka tolak H0 yang artinya terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara N-Gain kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Hal ini juga dapat dilihat dari rerata N-Gain pada kelas eksperimen 0.78 (kategori tinggi), sedangkan pada kelas kontrol 0.40 (kategori sedang). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model contextual teaching learning berbantuan hands on activity terhadap hasil belajar siswa. penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas VII SMPN 1 Minas Kabupaten Siak tahun ajaran 2015/2016.
THE USE OF QUESTIONING THE AUTHOR (QtA) STRATEGY IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN READING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP ISLAM PLUS JANNATUL FIRDAUS PEKANBARU
Authors: Presetyo Wahyu , Abbas M. Fadhly Farhy
Published: December 2018

Students at SMP Islam Plus Jannatul Firdaus Pekanbaru had problems in understanding the text when reading process, those were because: the students ought to construct of generic structure of descriptive text namely identification and description. The students ought to comprehend the contents of identification. The students ought to comprehend the contents of description. Then, the researcher tested based-score of reading descriptive text, the researcher found that the students’ mean score was just 68. This research aimed to improve the students’ ability in reading descriptive text by using Questioning the Author (QtA) Strategy. Thus, this research conducted Classroom Action Research (CAR) consisting of one cycles. There were 15 students at Grade VII of SMP Islam Plus Jannatul Firdaus Pekanbaru as the participants of the research. To gain the data, the researcher used four instruments namely: test, observation, field note, and interview. The result of the reading test in cycle 1 (78.33) was better than the based-score. The factors influeced the changing of students’ ability in reading descriptive text were the vocabulary mastery, the condition of the class, and absolutely the strategy used by the teacher in teaching reading. In conclusion, Questioning the Author (QtA) strategy can improve the students’ ability in reading descriptive text.
ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH TENSES ERRORS
Authors: Setiawan Eko , Abbas M. Fadhly Farhy
Published: December 2018

At The First Semester of English Students’ Department at Faculty of Teacher Training andEducation LancangKuning University, the researcher found that the students had a problem inhad grammar error in writing. That was why researcher conducted this research that aimedtoanalyze the English errors faced by the first semester of English Students Department atFaculty of Teachers Training and EducationLancangKuning University.This research wasDescriptive Quantitative Research. The participants of the research were 36 students. Incollecting the data in this research, the researcher used test and interview as the instrument. Theresult of data showed that the students had 176 errors in verb tenses, 8 errors in to be, 5 errors incorrect sentence and 9 in adverb of time with the percentage were 31,38 % in true or falsequestion and 27,5 % in multiple choice test. In conclusion, The students had a lot of errors inapplied verb tense, adverb of time, correct sentence, and to be.
The Effect of Anxiety and Classroom Interaction on English Speaking Performance
Authors: Kodri Fachrukrozie
Published: December 2018

This experimental study aims to investigate the effect of anxiety and classroom interaction on English speaking performance. This research was conducted in Perbanas Institute-Jakarta involving 32 students who were selected using simple random sampling. Using Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), 16 students were identified as students with high anxiety and 16 other students were grouped as students with low anxiety. Then, in practicing speaking skill, a combination of  students with low and high anxiety  were regrouped into  the controlled group which was dominated by lecturer-learners interaction and experimental group which was dominated by learner-learners interaction.  Using 2 X 2 two-way anova, the data was analysed. The findings revealed that: first, the anxiety influenced the English speaking performance; second, the classroom interaction affected English speaking performance; however, there was no interaction between anxiety and classroom interaction on English speaking performance.
FACTORS CAUSING LANGUAGE LOSS EXPERIENCED BY AN AMERICAN NATIVE SPEAKER IN MULTILINGUAL SITUATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Retnawati Saptina
Published: December 2018

Bilingualism and multilingualism are common phenomena in language use. Those who are bilinguals or multilingual normally get the language competence because they are living in multilingual area, or in a country which has variety of languages and cultures. Indonesia is one of countries which have this wide diversity in cultures, languages, and religions. Furthermore, Indonesian Ministry of Education created a program called Darmasiswa program which enabled students from abroad to study Bahasa Indonesia and Indonesian cultures. By following this program, those students are learning new language and culture in multilingual situation. One of evidences occurred with a student from America, named Angela who also has multilingual family background. She was exposed to a lot of languages since she was born, and she also studied new languages in Indonesia, as a result she has capability to speak more than two languages. In this kind of situation, the researcher was interested to find out the language loss she might experience during her study. This study aimed to find factors influenced on language loss by her. The approach of this study was qualitative. The researcher applied mixed techniques to obtain data; recording the conversations in natural setting and interview. The analysis was interpretive. The findings of this study found that there were two factors that  influenced language loss;  internal factors and external factors, which dominated by cultural factor. Also, it happened because of the fact that Bahasa Indonesia is more dominant than her mother tongues.
The Imasuen factor in the Benin language videofilm sector of Nollywood
Authors: Stevenson Omoera Osakue
Published: December 2018

The phenomenal rise of Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen (LOI) as a filmmaker and director in Nollywood and indeed in Africa is worth probing and documenting for posterity of scholars and professionals, especially against the backdrop of his native Benin (Edo) language videofilm industry and tradition, which he has given his gestaltist support so effusively in terms of technical finesse, global exposure, great storylines, actor/talent development and business architecture, among others. Using the interview, direct observation and literary methods, this article engages LOI in a conversation aimed at unburdening or unpacking the contents of his mind as regards Nollywood and African films, with the hope that upcoming African film producers and directors, especially in the Benin film sector of Nollywood, will gain from his wide-ranging experiences and his perspectives on the current issues that tug at the heart of the globalizing African film tradition and industry called Nollywood.
Exploring the diasporan dimension of Nollywood – a conversation with Obi Emelonye
Authors: Emelonye Obi , Ugochukwu Françoise
Published: December 2018

Obi Emelonye, born on March 24, 1967 in Port-Harcourt (Nigeria), settled in London in the 1990s. A prolific film producer and director with a passion for excellence, he has greatly contributed to the professionalization of the Nigerian cinema in diaspora. A graduate of Theatre Arts from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, with a Law degree from the British University of Wolverhampton, he turned to film production and direction after a short spell as a lawyer. He has since secured international distribution for most of his films, which treat a variety of contemporary subjects, and is now recognised as a truly international leader in the profession. In this personal interview dated August 23, 2018, he offers a panoramic view of his films and reveals the professionalism, passion and hard work which characterise his production and endeared his films to both Nigerian and international audiences.
Retelling the history of Lesotho : an interplay between orality, painting and film in Kalosi Ramakhula’s works
Authors: Pepenene Limakatso , Radebe Ntsele
Published: December 2018

Kalosi Ramakhula is the producer of Moshoeshoe: The Mountain King Volumes 1, 2 and 3, a series of videofilms which narrate the history of Lesotho in the 19th century. His production emerges as a rewriting of history in a context where historical documentation is predominantly authored by historians and ethnographers who complement their research through oral resources. Ramakhula uses a unique approach which incorporates visual art by way of historical paintings created to accomplish a coherent mixture with the established print, sound and vision media of documentary cinema. He collaborates with contemporary Basotho artists commissioned to produce elaborate naturalistic paintings of historical significant characters, sites, events and social practices of the period being depicted. Through an exploration of the concepts of multimodality and intermediality, the article uses a semiotic analysis of selected paintings to examine the multiple layers of potential meanings communicated by the film-maker. We argue that Ramakhula’s retelling strategy explicitly creates a link with the experience of nation building in the past and the present. The paintings are a significantly expressive form of media in this regard, creating a consciousness of Bosotho-ness as the one concept that in principle remains constant despite transformation over the centuries. Ramakhula’s work is seen therefore, as having the potential to create space for negotiations around contemporary debates on nation building in Lesotho.
A synthesis of personal and public history : 1990’s Achkar and Peck
Authors: Woodward Servanne
Published: December 2018

The 1991 films of David Achkar, a French-Guinean filmmaker, and Raoul Peck, a Haitian filmmaker whose family spent many years in the Congo, intersect around Patrice Lumumba (1925-1961), the first Congolese prime minister and victim of a political murder. Both films remain intensely personal if not intimate. Achkar is reminiscent of Beckett in the depiction of “waiting for” an occurrence ever differed. What is haunting about Achkar’s quest is that the filmmaker is in search of his father Marof David Achkar (1930-1971), a choreographer of the Keïta Fodeba “Ballets Africains” (1955-1960) and cultural counsellor to the Guinean embassy in Washington (1960-1964). Marof had replaced Telli Diallo at the United Nations (1964-1968) when he worked against apartheid in South Africa; in 1968 U. Thant (secretary to the United Nations) recommended him to a post of high commissioner to the World Organization in Namibia, a proposal rejected by Sékou Touré (elected as the first President of Guinea, serving from 1958 until his death in 1984) who recalled him to Conakry. Upon his return to Guinea, Marof Achkar was arrested and brought to camp Boiro, where he was tortured, made to sign charges of embezzlement and executed on January 25, 1971. At the time, David Achkar was a child — something of the child remains in the biography of his father. Beyond his father’s political ordeal is the first-hand demonstration of the personal impact the execution had on him; he connects more publicly and didactically with the administration of justice versus political murders in his last film, Kiti, justice en Guinée (1996). Both Achkar and Peck employ collages of family reels, documentaries, and film that may be inspired by Surrealism, a movement mentioned in Death of a Prophet (1991). Peck also moved toward a stronger Marxist message in his 2017 film about the German philosopher, and though he has done several documentaries, he is attached to the current relevance of legacies when he depicts Marx as appealing to today’s youth. In both 1991 films, the sliding distance of political heroes, from public careers to intimate family documents is further complicated by the filmmakers’ decision to intertwine plain autobiography to their biographies. They are working from the premises of affective encounters to create a sense of community. Eventually, Achkar and Peck raise issues about the philosophical nature of identity and the autobiography involved in the encounter with sacrificed or resurrected prophets as interpreted in Allah-Tantou—God’s Will be Done [À la grâce de Dieu] (1991) by David Achkar (1960-1998) and Death of a Prophet, by Raoul Peck (1954-present).
Essays in Honour of Wole Soyinka at 80, Ivor Agyeman-Duah (Ed.) - book review
Authors: Ugochukwu Françoise
Published: December 2018

Wole Soyinka, best known as a Nigerian writer, playwright and Nobel laureate, has been a staunch supporter of the Nigerian cinema, and one of his plays, Death and the King’s horseman, is currently in the process of being adapted to the screen. He embodies the link between the Nigerian society, Yoruba culture and Nollywood. This book of essays in honour of Wole Soyinka’s life and works, offered to him on his 80th birthday, brings together a good number of contributions - short paragraphs, long essays, formal interviews, impromptu conversations and poems. The authors of these texts include a former general Commonwealth secretary, university dons from various fields, internationally acclaimed writers such as Ngugi, Aidoo or Mazrui, diplomats and politicians, journalists, students and personal friends.