bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parque temático turístico cultural como alternativa de diversificación de la oferta turística en la ciudad de Santa Elena.
Authors: Freire Rendón Mercedes , Peralta Silvia , Mendoza Efrén , Linzán Jessica
Published: June 2017

El turismo de sol y playa es el segmento que genera mayor flujo de turistas y representa un motor importante para el desarrollo de la actividad en muchos países. Sin embargo, el hacinamiento, el deterioro ambiental, los cambios en la demanda y el aumento de la competencia han generado preocupación por el futuro de los destinos consolidados de sol y playa. Dada esta afirmación, y siendo Santa Elena una localidad con estas características, se hace relevante buscar alternativas de diversificación de la oferta turística que permitan dinamizar procesos de desarrollo sostenible del sector. El Objetivo de esta investigación, consiste en determinar el parque temático turístico cultural como alternativa de diversificación de la oferta turística en la ciudad de Santa Elena. La metodología utilizada se basó en un enfoque cualitativo-cualitativo apoyado en la recolección de datos con el diseño de entrevistas en profundidad con actores comunitarios como informantes clave para determinar las categorías a evaluar y establecer elementos esenciales del diagnóstico. Los principales resultados determinaron que en la ciudad de Santa Elena a pesar de la existencia del museo Amantes de Sumpa con enfoque cultural no hay lugar o atracción turística con temática que relacione lo recreativo y cultural, representando costumbres y tradiciones locales para la satisfacción de los visitantes. AbstractThe tourism of sun and beach is the segment that generates greater flow of tourists and represents an important motor for the development of the activity in many countries. However, overcrowding, environmental deterioration, changes in demand and increased competition have generated concern about the future of consolidated sun and beach destinations. Given this assertion, and being Santa Elena a locality with these characteristics, it becomes relevant to look for alternatives of diversification of the tourist supply that allow to dynamize processes of sustainable development of the sector. The objective of this research is to determine the cultural tourism theme park as an alternative to diversify tourism in the city of Santa Elena. The methodology used was based on a qualitative-qualitative approach based on the collection of data with the design of in-depth interviews with community actors as key informants to determine the categories to be evaluated and to establish essential elements of the diagnosis. The main results determined that in the city of Santa Elena despite the existence of the museum Lovers of Sumpa with cultural focus there is no place or tourist attraction with thematic that relates the recreational and cultural, representing customs and local traditions for the satisfaction of the visitors.
Zu wenig Waldverjüngung? Mit mehr Waldbewirtschaftung und Jagd zum Erfolg (Essay)
Authors: Frei Maurus
Published: June 2017

Not enough forest regeneration? Intensified silviculture and hunting bring success (essay)

The influence of red deer, roe deer and chamois on forest regeneration is significant in Swiss forests, especially in mountain forests. Oak, silver fir and sycamore rarely regenerate without protection measures. Red deer populations have practically doubled over the last 20 years, and roe deer are found in every forest. Nevertheless, it is possible to have, even in Switzerland, a dense, site-appropriate forest regeneration. The conditions for this are close-to-nature silviculture over large areas, and hunting which is closely adapted to the condition of the forest. This approach is successful if it is accompanied by serious cooperation between forest services and hunters – a cooperation which is not seen as an end in itself but as a means of reaching agreed objectives. Success will not be achieved with compromises only and by following traditional approaches.
A Tool for a Spacer Material and Ion-exchange Membrane Compatibility Evaluation for Electrodialysis Module Design
Authors: Fehér Jakub , Keslerová Kateřina , Amrich Michal
Published: June 2017

Electrodialysis is a widely used separation process for wastewater treatment, concentration of valuable products or production of organic acids. However, unwanted phenomena can occur during the operation of electrodialysis stacks such as internal leakage and/or external leak. In this study, a new simple tool is presented for testing materials suitable for use as spacers used in ED. This cell for testing leaks simulates ED stack and therefore allowing external leaks to be tested. Regarding tests results suitable materials for an ED scale-up can be chosen. Tests were done for three different pressures (1.5, 2 and 2.5 bar) and three different temperatures (25, 40 and 60 °C). To maintain the same conditions, the test cell was tightened by defined force in the range of 850 to 870 N. In the testing stack different combinations of membrane, and spacers were tested. It was found that with increasing temperature leaks decrease. Parameters that influence external leaks most are surface roughness, texture a hardness of ion-exchange membrane and spacer material.
A Data-Driven, Cooperative Approach for Wind Farm Control: A Wind Tunnel Experimentation
Authors: Park Jinkyoo , Kwon Soon-Duck , Law Kincho
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses a data-driven, cooperative control strategy to maximize wind farm power production. Conventionally, every wind turbine in a wind farm is operated to maximize its own power production without taking into account the interactions between the wind turbines in a wind farm. Because of wake interference, such greedy control strategy can significantly lower the power production of the downstream wind turbines and, thus, reduce the overall wind farm power production. As an alternative to the greedy control strategy, we study a cooperative wind farm control strategy that determines and executes the optimum coordinated control actions for maximizing the total wind farm power production. To determine the optimum coordinated control actions of the wind turbines, we employ a data-driven optimization method that seeks to find the optimum control actions using only the power measurement data collected from the wind turbines in a wind farm. In particular, we employ the Bayesian Ascent (BA) algorithm, a probabilistic optimization method constructed based on Gaussian Process regression and the trust region concept. Wind tunnel experiments using 6 scaled wind turbine models are conducted to assess (1) the effectiveness of the cooperative control strategy in improving the power production; and (2) the efficiency of the BA algorithm in determining the optimum control actions of the wind turbines using only the input control actions and the output power measurement data.
On a Long Term Strategy for the Success of Nuclear Power
Authors: Merk Bruno , Litskevich Dzianis , Whittle Karl R. , Bankhead Mark , Taylor Richard J. , Mathers Dan
Published: June 2017

The current generation of nuclear reactors are evolutionary in design, mostly based on the technology originally designed to power submarines, and dominated by light water reactors. The aims of the Generation IV consortium are driven by sustainability, safety and reliability, economics, and proliferation resistance. The aims are extended here to encompass the ultimate and universal vision for strategic development of energy production, the “perpetuum mobile”—at least as close as possible. We propose to rethink nuclear reactor design with the mission to develop an innovative system which uses no fresh resources and produces no fresh waste during operation as well as generates power safe and reliably in economic way. The results of the innovative simulations presented here demonstrate that, from a theoretical perspective, it is feasible to fulfil the mission through the direct reuse of spent nuclear fuel from currently operating reactors as the fuel for a proposed new reactor. The produced waste is less burdensome than current spent nuclear fuel which is used as feed to the system. However, safety, reliability and operational economics will need to be demonstrated to create the basis for the long term success of nuclear reactors as a major carbon free, sustainable, and applied highly reliable energy source.
PolSAR Land Cover Classification Based on Roll-Invariant and Selected Hidden Polarimetric Features in the Rotation Domain
Authors: Tao Chensong , Chen Siwei , Li Yongzhen , Xiao Shunping
Published: June 2017

Land cover classification is an important application for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR). Target polarimetric response is strongly dependent on its orientation. Backscattering responses of the same target with different orientations to the SAR flight path may be quite different. This target orientation diversity effect hinders PolSAR image understanding and interpretation. Roll-invariant polarimetric features such as entropy, anisotropy, mean alpha angle, and total scattering power are independent of the target orientation and are commonly adopted for PolSAR image classification. On the other aspect, target orientation diversity also contains rich information which may not be sensed by roll-invariant polarimetric features. In this vein, only using the roll-invariant polarimetric features may limit the final classification accuracy. To address this problem, this work uses the recently reported uniform polarimetric matrix rotation theory and a visualization and characterization tool of polarimetric coherence pattern to investigate hidden polarimetric features in the rotation domain along the radar line of sight. Then, a feature selection scheme is established and a set of hidden polarimetric features are selected in the rotation domain. Finally, a classification method is developed using the complementary information between roll-invariant and selected hidden polarimetric features with a support vector machine (SVM)/decision tree (DT) classifier. Comparison experiments are carried out with NASA/JPL AIRSAR and multi-temporal UAVSAR data. For AIRSAR data, the overall classification accuracy of the proposed classification method is 95.37% (with SVM)/96.38% (with DT), while that of the conventional classification method is 93.87% (with SVM)/94.12% (with DT), respectively. Meanwhile, for multi-temporal UAVSAR data, the mean overall classification accuracy of the proposed method is up to 97.47% (with SVM)/99.39% (with DT), which is also higher than the mean accuracy of 89.59% (with SVM)/97.55% (with DT) from the conventional method. The comparison studies clearly demonstrate the efficiency and advantage of the proposed classification methodology. In addition, the proposed classification method achieves better robustness for the multi-temporal PolSAR data. This work also further validates that added benefits can be gained for PolSAR data investigation by mining and utilization of hidden polarimetric information in the rotation domain.
Phenology Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Terrestrial Ecosystem Water-Use Efficiency in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Jin Jiaxin , Wang Ying , Zhang Zhen , Magliulo Vincenzo , Jiang Hong , Cheng Min
Published: June 2017

Ecosystem-scale water-use efficiency (WUE), defined as the ratio of gross primary productivity (GPP) to evapotranspiration (ET), is an important indicator of coupled carbon-water cycles. Relationships between WUE and environmental factors have been widely investigated, but the variations in WUE in response to biotic factors remain little understood. Here, we argue that phenology plays an important role in the regulation of WUE by analyzing seasonal WUE responses to variability of photosynthetic phenological factors in terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere using MODIS satellite observations during 2000–2014. Our results show that WUE, during spring and autumn is widely and significantly correlated to the start (SOS) and end (EOS) of growing season, respectively, after controlling for environmental factors (including temperature, precipitation, radiation and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration). The main patterns of WUE response to phenology suggest that an increase in spring (or autumn) WUE with an earlier SOS (or later EOS) are mainly because the increase in GPP is relatively large in magnitude compared to that of ET, or due to an increase in GPP accompanied by a decrease in ET, resulting from an advanced SOS (or a delayed EOS). Our results and conclusions are helpful to complement our knowledge of the biological regulatory mechanisms underlying coupled carbon-water cycles.
Erratum: Pauscher, L., et al. An Inter-Comparison Study of Multi- and DBS Lidar Measurements in Complex Terrain. Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 782
Authors: Pauscher Lukas , Vasiljevic Nikola , Callies Doron , Lea Guillaume , Mann Jakob , Klaas Tobias , Hieronimus Julian , Gottschall Julia , Schwesig Annedore , Kühn Martin , Courtney Michael
Published: June 2017

The authors would like to correct the following errors in [1]. [...]
Diagnostic Value of Epidermal Growth Factor, Cancer Antigen 125, and Cancer Antigen 15-3 in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Lung Cancer
Authors: Sun S. , Chen Z. , Cao Chao , Wu B. , Wang B. , Yu Y. , Chen Z. , Hu Z. , Deng Zaichun
Published: June 2017

Aim: In the present study, we assessed the diagnostic value of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and cancer antigens 125 (CA125) and 15-3 (CA15-3) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of lung cancer from 79 enrolled patients with suspected lung cancer. Methods: All patients underwent fibrescopic examination, during which BALF samples were collected. Levels of EGF, CA125, and CA15-3 were determined in BALF using commercially available test kits. Results: The results showed that levels of EGF in BALF were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than in patients with benign diseases (p < 0.01); no significant differences for CA125 (p = 0.67) or CA15-3 (p = 0.43) in BALF were observed between the lung cancer patients and the non-cancer control subjects. With a cut-off value of 27.22 pg/mL, EGF showed a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 65.7% in predicting the malignant nature of pulmonary disease. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that levels of EGF are significantly increased in BALF from patients with lung cancer than in BALF from patients with benign disease. Detection of the level of EGF in BALF is proposed as a noninvasive test to identify patients at high risk for lung cancer.
Le destin de l’anatomie
Authors: Laqueur Thomas , Chalier Jonathan
Published: June 2017

L’historien américain de la sexualité explique que le corps naturel change selon les différentes manières de le décrire : c’est le destin qui fait l’anatomie. La période contemporaine est marquée par l’idéal d’un corps sur mesure pour chacun selon son identité sexuelle.
Que cache la focalisation sur les flux de financement externes ?
Authors: Campbell Bonnie
Published: June 2017

Il existe à présent une focalisation sur les flux financiers externes, publics et privés, pour pallier le manque de fonds pour financer le développement. Prenant note du peu d’attention porté aux sources alternatives telle la mobilisation des fonds domestiques et à la persistance d’anomalies (systèmes fiscaux inefficaces, évasion fiscale, flux illicites), l’article explore la possibilité que la focalisation actuelle soit symptomatique d’un problème plus grand trop souvent évacué, l’absence de débats sur la pertinence des choix actuels de stratégies et de pratiques des bailleurs.
Pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines et performance sociale des collectivités territoriales décentralisées au Cameroun
Authors: Kollo Bandibeno Innocents , Awomo Ndongo Jean Colbert
Published: June 2017

L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner l’impact des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) sur la performance sociale des collectivités territoriales décentralisées (CTD) au Cameroun. L’analyse réalisée sur la base d’un échantillon de 166 CTD a, au travers des tests statistiques et économétriques, montré qu’il existe un lien positif et significatif entre les pratiques de GRH et la performance sociale des CTD. De manière générale, il ressort de notre étude que la formalisation des pratiques de GRH au sein des CTD est sous-jacente à la modernisation de la gestion locale.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma in a man with dilated cardiomyopathy and paraneoplastic ataxia: a therapeutical challenge
Authors: Abruzzese Elisabetta , Trawinska Malgorzata Monika , Gaspardone Achille , Morocutti Antonino , De Fabritiis Paolo
Published: June 2017

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. We report the case of a man with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and cardiomyopathy, for which the dilemma was whether to use the standard protocol − putting the patient at risk of worsening of heart failure, but giving him a good chance of full recovery − or not. The standard protocol was given and the patient made a full recovery without cardiac complications.
Diet density in rearing and reproductive phases influences carcass composition, pregnancy rate and litter performance of primiparous rabbit does
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Sérgio Dos Santos , Moura Ana Silvia A.M.T. , Wechsler Francisco S. , Fernandes Simone , Mattaraia Vânia G.M.
Published: June 2017

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the interaction of diet density in the rearing phase×diet density in the reproductive phase on carcass composition, pregnancy rate, and litter performance of primiparous rabbit does. The experiment followed a 2×2×2 factorial (2 seasons, 2 diet densities in the rearing phase and 2 diet densities in reproductive phase, that is, from mating to weaning of the first litter). The reference diet (RD) contained 184 g/kg of crude protein (CP), 165 g/kg of acid detergent fibre (ADF) and 10.5 MJ/kg of digestible energy (DE). The low-density diet (LD) had 147 g/kg of CP, 24 g/kg of ADF and 8.4 MJ/kg of DE. The treatments were applied from 70 d of age until weaning of the first litter at 35 d of age. Ninety-six females from the Botucatu Genetic Group (24 females/experimental group) were mated at 142 d of age. On day 12 of gestation, 23 does were slaughtered to evaluate weights of carcass, organs and dissectible fat, and embryo implantation rate. No effects of diet density in the rearing or in the reproductive phases were detected on feed intake of does during the reproductive phase. Does fed LD during the rearing phase showed lower body weight at mating (3574±47 vs. 3866±43 g, P=0.0001) and during most of the reproductive phase, but they lost less weight in the peripartum. Perirenal fat was lighter in these does (72.8±10.0 vs. 102.1±9.6 g, P=0.048) and they showed a lower pregnancy rate (76.1 vs. 91.7%, P=0.045). The does fed RD in the reproductive phase were heavier during this phase (4055±40 g vs. 3887±41 g, P=0.0044). The does fed LD in rearing phase and RD in the reproductive phase showed larger litters at weaning, due to decreased kit mortality, than those fed RD in both phases (6.16±0.47 vs. 3.93±0.71, P=0.0361). Litters were lighter at weaning when LD was fed in the reproductive phase (3582±201 vs. 4733±187, P<0.0001). Feeding a low-density diet during the rearing phase and a reference diet during the reproductive phase is the best alternative to improve reproductive performance at the first parity.
Culture Confusionism Study to Increase Employee Performance Case Study of PT Bengkalis Kuda Laut, PT Triperkasa Tunggal Abadi, and PT Persada Subur Makmur in Pekanbaru
Authors: Nyoto .
Published: June 2017

This study aims to know that Confucian culture can improve employee performance. Empirical evidence found clarity of the phenomenon about Confucian culture that occurred in the three study companies above so that Confucian culture can increase employee performance.This dissertation is expected to contribute to the development of economics, especially human resource management that is exploring the potential of eastern culture that is simple but has a high philosophical value which later became the work ethos that can be entrenched.This research is conducted by using qualitative method, that is approach that leads to circumstances and individuals holistically with inductive pattern, that is collecting, identifying, formulating, analyzing and discussing proposition, and Conclusion and Suggestion. From the results of analysis and interpretation of findings related data this research shows that Confucian Culture Able to Improve Employee Performance and appropriately run as a work culture. It is recommended to the researcher to do research with mixed method so that it is expected to get different result and more deeply.
Celulite facial em lábio inferior oriunda de acne inflamada: relato de caso
Authors: Toniollo Marcelo Bighetti , Terada Andrea Sayuri Silveira Dias , Junior Enzo Melchior
Published: June 2017

Introdução: a celulite facial é a difusão de processo inflamatório por planos subcutâneos em tecidos moles, podendo ter sua etiologia oriunda de variados fatores, sendo, dentre eles, a origem odontogênica a mais comumente encontrada. Entretanto, a celulite facial pode também estar relacionada a causas menos comuns, como processos infecciosos de origem não odontogênica. Objetivo: o presente relato de caso vem a elucidar o início de um processo infeccioso gerado por acne inflamada na borda inferior do lábio, a qual foi a porta de entrada para bactérias, o que gerou a difusão do processo inflamatório para planos subcutâneos
e originou uma celulite facial. Relato de caso: pelo fato de não haver agente causal específico, como as originadas por causa odontogênica, foi estabelecido tratamento com antibióticoterapia de amplo espectro, associado à meticulosa higienização e terapia com calor, a fim de induzir abscedação espontânea. Exames específicos laboratoriais também foram solicitados para maior segurança e diagnóstico preciso do profissional.
A evolução do caso transcorreu em oito dias, de forma rápida e aguda, principalmente nos primeiros cinco dias. Considerações finais: conforme relatado no caso, a interação entre o cirurgião-dentista e o médico bem
como a presença da interdisciplinaridade foram fatores fundamentais no tratamento como um todo e para a resolução do caso de forma satisfatória, uma vez que a ocorrência de celulite facial nessa área não é geralmente presenciada.
Mucopolissacaridose: características e alterações bucais
Authors: Cancino Claudia Marcela Hernández , Sasada Isabel Nemoto Vergara , Fischinger Moura de Souza Carolina , Oliveira Marieli
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as mucopolissacaridoses, abordando as características sistêmicas associadas às bucais, e, assim, possibilitar um tratamento odontológico adequado e uma melhor qualidade de vida aos pacientes. Revisão de literatura: a mucopolissacaridose é uma desordem metabólica hereditária, causada por erros inatos do metabolismo que
provocam deficiência das enzimas lisossômicas que degradam os glicosaminoglicanos, ocasionando acúmulo destes no interior dos diferentes tecidos e órgãos. Esse acúmulo anormal compromete a função celular e orgânica, levando a um grande número de manifestações clínicas progressivas e multissistêmicas. As manifestações
orais variam de acordo com o tipo de mucopolissacaridoses e são bastante significativas. Em sua maioria, os indivíduos apresentam boca grande, lábios proeminentes, macroglossia, mordida aberta anterior,
mandíbula pequena e larga, limitação da abertura bucal, hiperplasia gengival, respiração bucal, impacção dentária, hipoplasia do esmalte, diastemas com relativa microdontia, taurodontismo, hiperplasia dos folículos dentais e cistos dentígeros. O acompanhamento deve
ser multidisciplinar e mantido ao longo do tempo, monitorando-se a evolução do paciente, prevendo-se qualquer complicação e corrigindo-se as disfunções que se apresentarem, bem como se avaliando a eficácia
da terapia instituída. Considerações finais: são inúmeras as manifestações bucais, portanto, é necessário que o profissional conheça as mucopolissacaridoses e que acompanhe o paciente desde a infância até a fase adulta, objetivando a prevenção, a manutenção da saúde
bucal, o atendimento especializado e multidisciplinar.
Analysis on the Bullying Tendencies and Value Preferences of High School Students According To Level of Receiving Physical Education and Sports Course
Authors: Savucu Yuksel , Kanat Metin , Karadag Mustafa , Sezer Sureyya Y. , Yucel Ali S.
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the bullying tendencies and value preferences of high school students according to the level of taking physical education and sports course.The research population of the study was composed of high school students studying in Yesilyurt and Battalgazi districts of Malatya province during 2013-2014 academic year. Sample stratified sampling method was used in the sample selection. In order to collect the necessary data for the research, Personal Information Form, Schwartz Portrait Values Survey and Bullying Tendencies Scale were used.In the study, the distribution of the scores belonging to dependent variables at the pores of the subunits of the independent variables was analyzed in terms of the assumptions of normality. In the analysis process, non-parametric statistical methods were preferred. For this purpose, data were tested in accordance with the sub-problems of the research using descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation) and non-parametric analysis such as Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test. In analysis of the data, statistical package software program was used and the significance level of p<.05 was taken.A significant level of difference was found between total value scores of students according to their classes and the number physical education and sports courses taken by those students. A significant level of difference was found between total bullying tendency scores of students by their genders, the number physical education and sports courses taken by those students and the students' family income. A significant level of difference was found between total bullying tendency scores of students by the type of schools they attend. A significant level of difference was found between total value scores of students according to the type of schools they attend. A moderate negative relationship was found between the total value scores and total bullying tendency scores of students. Accordingly, as the total value scores of student increase, their bullying tendency scores decrease.
The gut immune system, inflammatory bowel diseases, and the body immune homeostasis: modern treatment strategies
Authors: Actis G.C.
Published: June 2017

The digestive tract is nowadays conceived as a barrier organ constituted by a mucosal membrane separating the gut lumen from the inner milieu. The gut lumen is laden by a myriad of antigens brought about by the diet, but also pertaining to the overwhelming bacterial species of the gut microbiome. The mucosal cell population comprehends epithelial cells, and a variety of immune reactive cells. Of them, the mononuclear types effecting innate responses are endowed by membrane signaling receptors and, as a rule, are sensing the polysaccharides of bacterial cell walls; non-tolerated signals may then push the chain reaction on, to end in full activation of inflammation mediators. Acquired immunity is in turn mainly effected by T-cell types, some of them, behaving as autoreactive cells, may induce metastatic inflammation beyond bowel boundaries, partly
explaining the so-called extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The scenario is further complicated by the possible influence of epigenetic factors: diet, stress, smoking, drugs. Being IBD a low-penetrance disorder, for the full phenotype to develop, a critical mass of the above listed factors (typically, a disturbed membrane permeability, an immune stimulus, and an epigenetic factor) must occur. In the century since the full description of IBD, a variegated plethora of measures have been attempted. Some updated designs are now under scrutiny. Microbiota engineering, apoptosis modulation, and diet modification are just a few of the measures that we are arbitrarily describing here.
Paisagem, tecnologia e desenvolvimento local: a central solar da Amareleja
Authors: Junqueira Luis , Delicado Ana , Truninger Mónica
Published: June 2017

The study of the local impacts of renewable energy has given little attention to less implemented technologies. This work seeks to bridge this gap through a case study on the photovoltaic plant in Amareleja, based on interviews with stakeholders and residents and documentation analysis. The plant has the distinction of being part of a local initiative for regional development based on renewable energy. However, although the deployment process faced few controversy and there was some impact on the local identity, the project did not reach the expectation of the population in terms of economic development.
Does colorectal cancer significantly influence the assembly of gut microbial communities?
Authors: Dai Lin , Kou Hedan , Xia Yao , Wen Xiujun , Gao Jianpeng , Ma Zhanshan (Sam)
Published: June 2017

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third commonest malignant tumor. Previous studies have revealed that the composition change of the human gut microbiome, measured by community diversity, is associated with the progression of CRC. However, a further question, whether or not the mechanism of community assembly and diversity maintenance of the gut microbiome is influenced by CRC has not been addressed. To address this question, we applied Hubbell’s neutral theory for biodiversity to reanalyze the dataset from Wang et al.’s (2012) study of the gut microbiome sampled from 46 CRC patients and 56 healthy individuals. Our reanalysis presents two important findings. Firstly, our analysis demonstrated that only around 4% (4/102) samples (in total of both the CRC and control groups) have their species abundance distribution (SAD) satisfied the prediction of the neutral theory null model. No significant difference in the number of the samples satisfying the neutral null model was detected between the healthy individuals and CRC patients, suggesting that the nature or mechanism of community assembly and diversity maintenance of the gut microbiome is not significantly influenced by CRC. That is, the stochasticity of survival, reproduction and migration of gut microbes, as implied by the neutral theory model, does not play a significant role in shaping the community assembly and diversity maintenance. We further infer that the alternative hypothesis to the neutral null model, i.e., the deterministic niche differentiations should be the driving forces that shape the assembly and diversity maintenance of the gut microbiome in both the healthy individuals and CRC patients. Secondly, although CRC does not seem to influence the nature of community assembly, we postulate that it may indirectly influence the outcome (i.e., the community composition as measured by community diversity) of the community assembly, possibly by influencing niche differentiations. This postulation is supported by our second finding: the diversity of the gut microbiome in CRC patients is significantly lower than that in the healthy individuals as demonstrated by the fundamental diversity parameter (θ) of the neutral theory model. This second finding offers an independent confirmation of the relationship between the CRC disease and diversity of the gut microbiome, about which existing studies have presented conflicting evidences. Finally, we suggest that hybrid modeling which integrates both the neutral and niche theories should be explored in future studies to further understanding of the CRC influence on the human gut microbiome.
A PERSONAGEM FEMININA EM "O DESPERTAR", DE KATE CHOPIN
Authors: Zanatta Deisi Luzia
Published: June 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a prática de transgressão emancipatória da protagonista, Edna Pontellier, no romance O despertar (1989), da escritora norte-americana, Kate Chopin. Para isso, faz-se um exame do caminho percorrido pela personagem principal, imersa na realidade ficcional da trama, em busca de sua libertação como mãe, esposa e mulher, que, ao se dar conta de si como sujeito, muda suas características e comportamento em relação ao modelo de mulher no século XIX, condicionado histórica e culturalmente por uma sociedade dominada pela égide patriarcal. O trabalho evidenciou que Kate Chopin apresenta a condição feminina no século XIX e, ao construir sua heroína, Edna Pontellier, engendra nela os pensamentos modernos como escritora e mulher à frente de seu tempo, denunciando, assim, as formas maquiadas de abuso conta a mulher.
EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLOGICA (EPT) NO BRASIL E SEUS DOCENTES: TRAJETOS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Santos Guilherme Da Silva dos , Marchesan Maria Tereza Nunes
Published: June 2017

Na data de 29 de dezembro do ano de 2008 foi sancionada a Lei nº 11.892, criando os Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFET) com o propósito de fundar a igualdade na diversidade social, econômica, geográfica e cultural do Brasil. Nesse contexto, a função do professor, atuante nessa modalidade de ensino, começou a receber maiores atenções. Dessa forma, visando a contribuir com as investigações nessa modalidade de ensino brasileiro, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a trajetória da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) no Brasil, assim como registrar as mudanças contextuais que a EPT apresentou no país com base na formação de seus professores. Para esta investigação, realizou-se um resgate histórico na cronologia da EPT e a qualificação dos docentes em exercício nessa modalidade, para assim, contrastar com a EPT e a qualificação docente atual. Foi possível perceber que de “um forte contingente de profissionais de áreas diversas, sem a qualificação pedagógica (PEREIRA, 2004, p.03) ”, a EPT brasileira, a partir da LDB e a Lei nº 5.692/61, vem procurando estabelecer debates sobre a atuação do docente em serviço nessa modalidade.
Targeting the β‐clamp in Helicobacter pylori with FDA‐approved drugs reveals micromolar inhibition by diflunisal
Authors: Pandey Preeti , Verma Vijay , Gautam Gunjan , Kumari Nilima , Dhar Suman Kumar , Gourinath Samudrala
Published: June 2017

The β‐clamp is the processivity‐promoting factor for most of the enzymes in prokaryotic DNA replication; hence, it is a crucial drug target. In the present study, we investigated the β‐clamp from Helicobacter pylori, aiming to seek potential drug molecules against this gastric‐cancer‐causing bacterium. An in silico screening of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs against the H. pylori β‐clamp, followed by its in vitro inhibition using a surface competition approach, yielded the drug diflunisal as a positive initial hit. Diflunisal inhibits the growth of H. pylori in the micromolar range. We determined the structure of diflunisal in complex with the β‐clamp to show that the drug binds at subsite I, which is a protein–protein interaction site. Successful identification of FDA‐approved molecules against H. pylori may lead to better and faster drug development.
Information capitalism
Authors: Ignatow Gabe
Published: June 2017

Information capitalism refers to the increasing importance of information within capitalism under conditions of globalization and rapid technological development. The idea of “information capitalism” is closely related to similar concepts such as
knowledge economy
(Drucker [1969] 1992),
postindustrial society
(Touraine 1971; Bell [1973] 1976),
information society
(Webster 2002), and
network society
(Castells 2000).
The World Values Survey
Authors: Haerpfer Christian W. , Kizilova Kseniya
Published: June 2017

The World Values Survey (WVS) is an international research program devoted to the comparative scientific and academic study of social, political, religious, and cultural values of people in different regions of the world. One of the project main goals is to analyze values, norms, and beliefs in cross‐national and over‐time perspective and to assess how values stability (or change) influences the development of society. The main research instrument of the program is the representative social survey, which has been conducted every five years since 1981.
Social Media in the Writing Classroom and Beyond
Authors: Zheng Binbin , Yim Soobin , Warschauer Mark
Published: June 2017

Emerging technologies, especially social media, have transformed the forms and genres of writing. Studies suggest that pedagogically sound use of social media has the potential to increase students' motivation for writing, strengthen their awareness of audience and authorship, and promote writing development. These affordances of social media expand opportunities for second language learners to engage with writing in their daily lives and can enhance students' writing development in classroom environments.
Tuning 2D Light Upconversion Emission by Modulating Phonon Relaxation
Authors: Kim Bum Jin , Lim Soo Yeong , Cho Youngho , Nam Sang Hwan , Suh Yung Doug , Park Chan Ryang , Kim Hyung Min
Published: June 2017

The photonic upconversion in rare earth atoms is widely used to convert “invisible” near infrared photons to “visible” photons with continuous wave light. By using a patterned substrate, upconversion become a route for creating new information‐incorporating security codes. The amount of information in the cipher increases in proportion to the number of emission colors as well as the pattern structure. Subsequently, changing the chemical composition of upconversion phosphors on 2 D substrates is required to manufacture information‐rich upconversion cryptography. In this study, we exploited temperature‐controlled thermal reaction on upconversion films deposited on a quartz substrate to prepare security information codes. Multiple color emission was generated from upconversion films as the result of inserting high‐frequency molecular oscillators into the film structures. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and time‐resolved study corroborated the mechanism of spectral variation of upconversion films.
Is it safe to use lamotrigine during pregnancy? A prospective comparative observational study
Authors: Diav‐Citrin Orna , Shechtman Svetlana , Zvi Naama , Finkel‐Pekarsky Victoriya , Ornoy Asher
Published: June 2017

Background

Lamotrigine is a second‐generation antiepileptic drug, also used as a mood stabilizer. Published data on its use in human pregnancy are largely derived from pregnancy registries. Pregnancy experience in most studies has been reassuring. However, data from the North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry suggested an increased risk for oral clefts. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the rate of major anomalies after lamotrigine exposure during pregnancy compared with pregnancies of women counseled for nonteratogenic exposure (NTE).

Methods

Callers who contacted the Israeli Teratology Information Service regarding lamotrigine treatment or NTE during pregnancy between 1997 and 2008 were prospectively followed‐up.

Results

The rate of major congenital anomalies was similar between 218 lamotrigine exposed pregnancies (208 in the first trimester) and 865 NTE‐pregnancies. There was no case of oral cleft in the lamotrigine‐exposed group. The median lamotrigine dose in the beginning of pregnancy was 200 mg/d. The dose was increased during pregnancy in 29%. The majority of women in the cohort (82%) were treated for neurologic indications, while 18% for psychiatric disorders. Monotherapy was taken by 72%.

Conclusion

The data available, thus far, on lamotrigine monotherpy‐exposed pregnancies are encouraging. However, further studies are needed to determine with greater certainty the overall risk for major anomalies, as well as the specific risk for oral clefts. Based on the current and previously published data, lamotrigine, seems a reasonable alternative for pregnant women when clinically indicated. Birth Defects Research 109:1196–1203, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of common variable immunodeficiency by subcutaneous IgG self‐administration during pregnancy – a case report
Authors: Marasco Carolina , Venturelli Alberta , Rao Luigia , Vacca Angelo , Carratù Maria Rosaria
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

Patients with common variable immunodeficiency are prone to infections, and this poses a particular challenge during pregnancy, when the requirement for immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy is even more demanding so as to achieve an effective protection also of the fetus. This case report highlights the benefits observed with subcutaneous IgG self‐administration in the management of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) during pregnancy, in terms of efficacy and safety.
Temporal fish community responses to two cascade run‐of‐river dams in the Madeira River, Amazon basin
Authors: Cella‐Ribeiro Ariana , da Costa Doria Carolina Rodrigues , Dutka‐Gianelli Jynessa , Alves Hellison , Torrente‐Vilara Gislene
Published: June 2017

We examined responses from shore fish assemblages and bottom channel fish assemblages before and after 2 cascade run‐of‐river dams in the Madeira River, in the Amazon. Those dams were installed in a river corridor where historical factors, represented by the presence of the Teotônio and Jirau falls, were the best predictors of the fish fauna assemblage composition. Jirau and Santo Antônio were the first dams constructed with Kaplan horizontal bulb turbines in the Amazon. These bulb turbines have the ability to operate by forming small reservoirs known as run‐of‐river, which should minimize impacts on fish assemblages. Overall, there were major short‐term impacts in shore fish assemblages by increasing species richness, abundance, and biomass in experimental catches. Shore fish assemblages dissimilarities before and after the dams' closure were also noticed and were related to an increase in water temperature and dissolved oxygen. However, the historical factor represented by Teotônio Fall is still the best predictor of fish assemblage dissimilarities, combined with effects of dams' closure. Bottom channel fish assemblage dissimilarities can be explained only by dams closure and are related especially to changes in fish species abundance inside the reservoirs. Our study revealed an increase in native opportunistic fish species and changes in fish assemblage structure at local scale. Kaplan horizontal bulb turbines employed in run‐of‐river dams seem to be less deleterious than vertical axis turbines typically used in accumulation reservoirs, and should be preferred in the face of burgeoning new hydroelectricity development plans for rivers across the Amazon basin.
New York State Breast Density Mandate: Follow‐up Data With Screening Sonography
Authors: Destounis Stamatia , Arieno Andrea , Morgan Renee
Published: June 2017

Objectives

To evaluate the impact on breast cancer detection from screening breast sonography performed in women with mammographically dense breasts.

Methods

This study used a retrospective chart review. Data collected included total number of screening mammograms, total number of dense breast screening sonograms, total number of procedures performed, biopsy results, and demographic data. Data were obtained from January 1, 2013, through August 31, 2015. During this period, there were a total of 195,982 screening mammographic examinations performed at our facility. Of these, 83,234 patients (42.5%) were informed that their breast tissue was heterogeneously dense or extremely dense. We specifically reviewed cases to identify those with findings on sonography only. The positive predictive value, biopsy rate, and cancer detection rate were determined.

Results

During the study period, 5434 screening sonographic examinations were performed in 4898 women with heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breasts. Most (95.7%) of the sonographic examinations resulted in an American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) category 1 or 2 designation. A total of 101 lesions were given a BI‐RADS 3 designation; 134 suspicious findings were given a BI‐RADS 4 or 5 designation; and 100 of these were seen on sonography only, all of which underwent tissue sampling, resulting in the diagnosis of 18 malignancies; all were invasive. In evaluating screening sonographic findings, we found a positive predictive value of 18.0%, with an overall biopsy rate of 2.0% and a cancer detection rate of 3.3 per 1000.

Conclusions

The results of our continued evaluation of our screening sonography program confirm that screening breast sonography in women with dense breast tissue can detect otherwise occult malignancy, with a low biopsy rate.
Decomposition of trimethylgallium and adduct formation in a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy reactor analyzed by high‐resolution gas monitoring system
Authors: Nagamatsu Kentaro , Nitta Shugo , Ye Zheng , Nagao Hirofumi , Miki Shinichi , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi
Published: June 2017

In this study, by using time‐of‐flight (TOF) high‐resolution and high‐sensitivity mass spectrometry measurements, the decomposition of trimethylgallium into dimethylgallium and monomethylgallium along with its adduct formation with NHx in a commercially available horizontal metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) reactor with a resistive heater was investigated and observed in more detail than previously reported. The results confirmed the use of the TOF monitoring system in analyzing the elementary reaction process in actual MOVPE systems.
Agro‐Waste Extract Based Solvents: Emergence of Novel Green Solvent for the Design of Sustainable Processes in Catalysis and Organic Chemistry
Authors: Sarmah Manashi , Mondal Manoj , Bora Utpal
Published: June 2017

Water extract of agro‐waste ash (AWEs) has emerged as an efficient non‐conventional solvent for practicing green reactions in catalysis and organic chemistry. The recent advancements made in the field of agro‐waste‐derived reaction media have witnessed a major advancement in reactions like Suzuki‐Miyaura, Sonogashira, Dakin, Henry, peptide synthesis and ipso‐hydroxylation. Traditionally, these reactions were conducted in conventional volatile organic solvents (VOCs) derived from non‐renewable petroleum sources. During the course of these reactions AWEs displays distinct properties, such as, in situ base, homogeneous catalyst, nano reactor and reducing agent. This review summarizes the recent developments made in the application of AWEs in important reactions emphasizing on the key utilities and limitations in order to facilitate the further progress of this exciting area of research.
Synthesis of Carboxamide‐Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes via Ugi Multicomponent Reaction: Water‐Dispersible Peptidomimetic Nanohybrid as Controlled Drug Delivery Vehicle
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Afshari Ronak
Published: June 2017

This paper describes a direct synthesis of novel and valuable carboxamide functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (carboxamide‐f‐MWCNTs) for the development of new nanovectors through covalent functionalization via a one‐pot four‐component Ugi reaction. This efficient synthetic approach is facile and straightforward procedure for the synthesis of peptidomimetic coated MWCNTs from simple and readily starting materials including aniline, benzaldehyde, isocyanide and the carboxylated MWCNT as an acid component. The new synthesized nanobiohybrid was fully characterized. Also, the stability of nanobiohybrid was assessed using Zeta potential and particle size analyses. The synthesized nanobiohybrid presents unprecedented high and long term dispersity and stability in water. The performance of the nanobiohybrid for the controlled release of folic acid, as a model drug, was investigated and the results depicted pH dependent slow drug release behavior of nanobiohybrid. In addition, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of carboxamide‐f‐MWCNTs were examined and no obvious adverse effects on the viability of NIH‐3T3 cells were observed. The results manifested its valuable applicability in controlled release drug delivery systems.