bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leitlinie zu Evaluation und Management von pulmonalen Manifestationen bei Sjögren-Syndrom
Authors: Kahn Nicolas C.
Published: October 2022

Background: Pulmonary disease is a potentially serious yet underdiagnosed complication of Sjögren's syndrome, the second most common autoimmune rheumatic disease. Approximately 16% of patients with Sjögren's demonstrate pulmonary involvement with higher mortality and lower quality of life. Research question: Clinical practice guidelines for pulmonary manifestations of Sjögren's were developed by the Sjögren's Foundation after identifying a critical need for early diagnosis and improved quality and consistency of care. Study design and methods: A rigorous and transparent method­ology was followed according to American College of Rheumatology guidelines. The Pulmonary Topic Review Group (TRG) developed clinical questions in the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) format and selected literature search parameters. Each article was reviewed by a minimum of two TRG members for eligibility and assessment of quality of evidence and strength of recommendation. Guidelines were then drafted based on available evidence, expert opinion, and clinical importance. Draft recommendations with a clinical rationale and data extraction tables were submitted to a Consensus Expert Panel for consideration and approval, with at least 75% agreement required for individual recommendations to be included in the final version. Results: The literature search revealed 1,192 articles, of which 150 qualified for consideration in guideline development. Of the original 85 PICO questions posed by the TRG, 52 recommendations were generated. These were then reviewed by the Consensus Expert Panel and 52 recommendations were finalized, with a mean agreement of 97.71% (range, 79%–100%). The recommendations span topics of evaluating Sjögren's patients for pulmonary manifestations and assessing, managing, and treating upper and lower airway disease, interstitial lung disease, and lympho­proliferative disease. Interpretation: Clinical practice guidelines for pulmonary manifestations in Sjögren's will improve early identification, evaluation, and uniformity of care by primary care physicians, rheumatologists, and pulmonologists. Additionally, opportunities for future research are identified.
Einblicke in die Pathogenese des bullösen Pemphigoids: Die Rolle komplementunabhängiger Mechanismen
Authors: Cole Connor , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Borradori Luca , Amber Kyle T.
Published: October 2022

Das bullöse Pemphigoid ist eine blasenbildende Autoimmunerkrankung, die durch Autoantikörper verursacht wird, die auf BP180 und BP230 abzielen. Während Ablagerungen von IgG und/oder Komplement entlang der epidermalen Basalmembran typischerweise auf eine komplementvermittelte Pathogenese hindeuten, weisen mehrere neuere Erkenntnisse auf komplementunabhängige Wege hin, die zu Gewebeschäden und subepidermaler Blasenbildung beitragen. Die wesentlichen Wege umfassen die Makropinozytose von IgG-BP180-Komplexen, die zu einer Depletion von zellulärem BP180 führt, die direkte Induktion entzündungsfördernder Zytokine aus Keratinozyten sowie IgE-Autoantikörper- und Eosinophil-vermittelte Wirkungen. Wir betrachten im Folgenden diese Mechanismen, die neue Perspektiven für neuartige zielgerichtete Behandlungsmodalitäten eröffnen.
Fallbericht: Diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderungen bei schwerer mechanobullöser Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: Schauer Franziska , Nyström Alexander , Kunz Manfred , Hübner Stefanie , Scholl Sarah , Athanasiou Ioannis , Alter Svenja , Fischer Judith , Has Christina , Kiritsi Dimitra
Published: October 2022

Kollagen VII ist der Hauptbestandteil der Verankerungsfibrillen, wichtigen adhäsiven Strukturen, die die Epidermis an der extrazellulären Matrix der Dermis befestigen. Zwei Erkrankungen werden durch eine Fehlfunktion von Kollagen VII verursacht, die beide durch eine Fragilität von Haut und Schleimhaut gekennzeichnet sind: Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) und dystrophische Epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). EBA und DEB weisen hohe klinische Ähnlichkeiten, aber signifikante Unterschiede in der Pathogenese und im Alter der Patienten bei Einsetzen der Erkrankung auf. Unsere Patienten hatten eine schwere und rekurrierende mechanobullöse EBA mit charakteristischen diagnostischen DIF-, IIF- und ELISA-Resultaten. Jedoch wurden bei beiden Frauen auch rezessive COL7A1-Varianten in einem monoallelischen Zustand gefunden. Kollagen VII aus EBA-Keratinozyten unserer Patientinnen war signifikant anfälliger für proteolytischen Abbau als Kollagen VII aus Kontrollkeratinozyten, was darauf hindeutet, dass die heterozygoten pathogenen Varianten ausreichten, um das Molekül in vitro zu destabilisieren. Selbst wenn die Menge und Funktionalität von mutierten und normalen Kollagenpolypeptiden vom Typ VII ausreicht, um die Dermis-Epidermis-Adhäsion bei gesunden Personen zu gewährleisten, sind die funktionell beeinträchtigten Proteine wahrscheinlich anfälliger für die Entwicklung von Autoantikörpern gegen sie. Unsere Arbeit legt nahe, dass ein Test auf genetische COL7A1-Varianten bei solchen Patienten mit EBA in Erwägung gezogen werden sollte, die entweder eine Krankengeschichte haben, die auf eine zugrunde liegende dystrophe Epidermolysis bullosa hinweist, oder die eine therapeutische Herausforderung darstellen.
Die Interferon-Achse: autoinflammatorische Erkrankungen mit Kollagenose-Aspekten
Authors: Aringer Martin
Published: October 2022

Objective: Autoinflammatory type I interferonopathies, chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature/proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (CANDLE/PRAAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) are rare and clinically complex immunodysregulatory diseases. With emerging knowledge of genetic causes and targeted treatments, a Task Force was charged with the development of “points to consider” to improve diagnosis, treatment, and long-term monitoring of patients with these rare diseases. Methods: Members of a Task Force consisting of rheumatologists, neurologists, an immunologist, geneticists, patient advocates, and an allied health care professional formulated research questions for a systematic literature review. Then, based on literature, Delphi questionnaires, and consensus methodology, “points to consider” to guide patient management were developed. Results: The Task Force devised consensus and evidence-based guidance of 4 overarching principles and 17 points to consider regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term monitoring of patients with the autoinflammatory interferonopathies, CANDLE/PRAAS, SAVI, and AGS. Conclusion: These points to consider represent state-of-the-art knowledge to guide diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and management of patients with CANDLE/PRAAS, SAVI, and AGS and aim to standardize and improve care, quality of life, and disease outcomes.
Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Summary of Evidence and Application in Clinical Practice
Authors: Reinacher-Schick Anke , Arnold Dirk , Venerito Marino , Goekkurt Eray , Kraeft Anna-Lena , Seufferlein Thomas
Published: October 2022

Background: Different therapeutic options are available for the treatment of advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Platinum-based multi-agent chemotherapy regimens, such as FOLFIRINOX, are important elements in the multidisciplinary management of PDAC. Summary: At least one third of patients with metastatic PDAC are eligible for treatment with FOLFIRINOX. Eligibility criteria include good performance status and the absence of relevant comorbidities. However, chemotherapies can potentially be associated with serious adverse events, such as diarrhea or polyneuropathies. Here, we review relevant data from first-line, second-line, and maintenance therapy trials as well as real-world data. In addition, we address the management of possible adverse events. Key Messages: (1) Selection of a suitable treatment regime depends on patient performance status, comorbidities, and anticipated toxicity. (2) FOLFIRINOX is an appropriate treatment for patients up to 75 years of age with an ECOG PS of 0 or 1, without relevant comorbidities, normal or nearly normal bilirubin levels, and no significantly reduced DPD activity. (3) In particular, patients with germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA1/2) or PALB2 mutations may benefit from first-line platinum-containing therapy. (4) Early and comprehensive testing of the patient’s mutational status could support the first-line treatment decision-making.
Prospective Evaluation of the Correlation Between Gated Cardiac Computed Tomography Detected Vascular Fibrosis and Ease of Transvenous Lead Extraction
Authors: Patel Divyang , Vatterott Pierce , Piccini Jonathan , Epstein Laurence M. , Hakmi Samer , Syed Imran , Koweek Lynne M. , Bolen Michael , Schoenhagen Paul , Tarakji Khaldoun G. , Francis Nathan , Shao Mingyuan , Wilkoff Bruce L.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Difficulty of lead extraction does not track well with procedural complications, but several small retrospective studies have lead fibrosis on computed tomography as an important indicator of difficult lead extraction. The purpose of the present study was to apply a standardized gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) protocol to assess fibrosis and study it prospectively to examine the need for powered sheaths and risk outcomes.

Methods:

We performed a prospective, blinded, multicenter, international study at high-volume lead extraction centers and included patients referred for transvenous lead extraction with at least one lead with a dwell time >1 year and ability to receive a cardiac CT. The degree of fibrosis (as measured by amount of lead adherence to vessel wall) was graded on a scale of 1 to 4 by dedicated CT readers in 3 zones (vein entry to superior vena cava, superior vena cava, and right atrium to lead tip). The primary outcome of the study was number of extractions requiring powered sheaths at zone 2 for each fibrosis group.

Results:

A total of 200 patients were enrolled in the trial with 196 completing full gated CT and lead extraction analysis. The primary endpoint of powered sheath (laser and mechanical) sheath use was significantly higher in patients with higher fibrosis seen on CT (scores 3+4; 67.8%) at the zone 2 compared to patients with lower fibrosis (scores 1+2; 38.6%;
P
<0.001). There were 5 major complications with 3 vascular lacerations all occurring in zone 2 in the study.

Conclusions:

Gated, contrasted CT can predict the need for powered sheaths by identification of fibrosis but did not identify an absolute low-risk cohort who would not need powered sheaths.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03772704.
Notch Signaling Mediates Radiation-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Hypermuscularization and Cerebral Vasculopathy
Authors: Yang Yuhua , Li Honghong , Xu Yongteng , Xie Jiatian , Liu Qiang , Shi Zhongshan , Huang Jialin , Cheng Jinping , Chen Siqi , Chen Sitai , Zhao Xiaohui , Li Shaojian , Zhang Zhan , Cai Jinhua , He Baixuan , Lin Wei-Jye , Shen Qingyu , Li Yi , Tang Yamei
Published: October 2022

Background:

Emerging evidence highlighted vascular injury in aggravating radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI), a common complication of radiotherapy. This study aimed to delineate the pathological feature of cerebral small vessel and investigate the functional roles of Notch signaling in RIBI.

Methods:

Brain tissue and functional MRI from RIBI patients were collected and analyzed for radiation-induced vasculopathy. A RIBI mouse model was induced by a single dose of 30-Gy cranial irradiation. Vascular morphology, pulsatility, and reactivity to pharmacological interventions, such as nimodipine and 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid, were monitored by 2-photon imaging in mice at 6 weeks postirradiation. Western blot, real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and behavioral tests were performed. The effect of N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycinet-butyl ester, a Notch inhibitor, was used to investigate the vascular pathogenesis of RIBI mouse model.

Results:

Morphologically, radiation resulted in vascular malformation featured by focal contractile rings together with general stenosis. Functionally, radiation also led to hypoperfusion, attenuated vascular pulsatility, and decreased dilation to nimodipine and 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid. Mechanically, Notch activation and increased expression of α-SMA protein were found in both surgical specimens of RIBI patients and the irradiated mice. Importantly, Notch inhibition by N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycinet-butyl ester significantly alleviated cerebral hypoperfusion, vasculopathy, and cognitive deficits in the RIBI mouse model.

Conclusions:

Radiation-induced cerebral vasculopathy showed bead-like shape and increased contractile state. Inhibition of Notch signaling by N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycinet-butyl ester effectively attenuated vasculopathy and relieved cognitive impairment, suggesting Notch signaling as a therapeutic target for the treatment of RIBI.
Neural Correlates of Naturally Occurring Speech Errors during Picture Naming in Healthy Participants
Authors: Volfart Angelique , McMahon Katie L. , Howard David , de Zubicaray Greig I.
Published: October 2022

Most of our knowledge about the neuroanatomy of speech errors comes from lesion-symptom mapping studies in people with aphasia and laboratory paradigms designed to elicit primarily phonological errors in healthy adults, with comparatively little evidence from naturally occurring speech errors. In this study, we analyzed perfusion fMRI data from 24 healthy participants during a picture naming task, classifying their responses into correct and different speech error types (e.g., semantic, phonological, omission errors). Total speech errors engaged a wide set of left-lateralized frontal, parietal, and temporal regions that were almost identical to those involved during the production of correct responses. We observed significant perfusion signal decreases in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule (angular gyrus) for semantic errors compared to correct trials matched on various psycholinguistic variables. In addition, the left dorsal caudate nucleus showed a significant perfusion signal decrease for omission (i.e., anomic) errors compared with matched correct trials. Surprisingly, we did not observe any significant perfusion signal changes in brain regions proposed to be associated with monitoring mechanisms during speech production (e.g., ACC, superior temporal gyrus). Overall, our findings provide evidence for distinct neural correlates of semantic and omission error types, with anomic speech errors likely resulting from failures to initiate articulatory–motor processes rather than semantic knowledge impairments as often reported for people with aphasia.
Not Every Thing Must Go
Authors: Boone Trey , Van Rooy Nina , De Brigard Felipe
Published: October 2022

In The Entangled Brain, Pessoa criticizes standard approaches in cognitive neuroscience in which the brain is seen as a functionally decomposable, modular system with causal operations built up hierarchically. Instead, he advocates for an emergentist perspective whereby dynamic brain networks are associated, not with traditional psychological categories, but with behavioral functions characterized in evolutionary terms. Here, we raise a number of concerns with such a radical approach. We ultimately believe that although much revision to cognitive neuroscience is welcome and needed, Pessoa's more radical proposals may be counterproductive.
Prefrontal and Medial Temporal Lobe Cortical Contributions to Visual Short-Term Memory
Authors: Wu Zhemeng , Buckley Mark J.
Published: October 2022

A number of recent studies have indicated that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) plays a critical role in working memory (WM) and perception, but these results have been highly controversial given the traditional association of MTL with long-term memory. We review the research and highlight important factors that need to be considered in determining the role of MTL in WM including set-size of used stimuli and feature complexity and/or feature conjunctions/bindings embedded in those stimuli. These factors relate to hierarchical and, accordingly, domain-specific theories of functional organization within the temporal lobe. In addition, one must consider process-specific theories too, because two key processes commonly understood to contribute recognition memory, namely, recollection and familiarity, also have robust support from neurophysiological and neuroimaging research as to their functional dissociations within MTL. PFC has long been heavily implicated in WM; however, relatively less is known about how the PFC contributes to recollection and familiarity, although dynamic prefrontal coding models in WM may help to explain their neural mechanisms. The MTL and PFC are heavily interconnected and do not operate independently in underlying WM. We propose that investigation of the interactions between these two regions in WM, particularly their coordinated neural activities, and the modeling of such interactions, will be crucial for the advancing understanding of the neural mechanisms of WM.
Bridging the Norms of Counter-Terrorism and Responsibility to Protect: Countering the Proliferation and Activities of Armed Groups in Nigeria
Authors: Iyekekpolo Wisdom Oghosa
Published: October 2022

How do we achieve the protection of vulnerable civilians from violent non-state actors in Nigeria? This article argues that despite the seemingly different approaches of Responsibility to Protect (r2p) and the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, both can align at an intrastate implementation level to protect exposed communities from armed groups. The UN’s adoption of a people-centric approach to counter-terrorism (ct) and the preventive measures against heinous crimes instituted in pillars one and two of r2p creates the space for this cooperation. This article further shows how practitioners can integrate both regimes with local networks to provide a holistic civilian protection strategy. This approach encompasses international, state, and local agency in halting the proliferation and activities of violent non-state groups. I espouse a framework for the protection of vulnerable Nigerian populations based on three factors – community self-protection, economic well-being, and ideological reorientation.
Exercise Task Characteristics Influence Time Perception During Vigorous Exercise
Authors: Moore Andrew R. , Olson Maddie
Published: October 2022

The passage of time is observed subjectively, and changes rate based on attentional or physiological stimuli. Self-adjusted exercise typically leads to the experience that time is progressing more slowly than it really is, but only when intensity is sufficiently high. This study was designed to determine if high exercise intensity at a fixed work rate would lead to differences in subjective timing. Subjects (26 total; 17 men/ 9 women) completed a maximal exercise test on a Velotron cycle ergometer until volitional exhaustion. A time production task was completed at baseline prior to exercise, and during each 3-min stage. Heart rate (HR) was assessed continuously. Time perception ratio (actual time divided by perceived time) was compared at baseline, during light exercise (40 W), and during the first stage at which age-predicted HRmax was considered vigorous (76–90% HRmax), using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result of the ANOVA was significant, F1.63,39 = 6.19, p = 0.007, η2 = 0.21. Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc comparisons showed that the time perception ratio was higher during vigorous exercise (1.21 ± 0.34) compared to baseline (1.06 ± 0.19; p = 0.028) and light (1.09 ± 0.27; p = 0.048) exercise. Unlike several similar studies finding that subjective time increases at higher exercise intensities, the results of this study indicate the opposite effect at a fixed vigorous-intensity work rate. The motivational nature of the task and unique attentional factors associated with it are likely explanations for the deviation from earlier reports.
Producing Knowledge of the Sea Coast: Marine Life and a Tang Geographical Miscellany of Lingnan
Authors: Feng Linda Rui
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on a collection of writing about the Lingnan region (present-day region of Guangdong and Guangxi) that grapples with a world beyond the shore in south China in the late medieval era. The Records of the Unusual from Lingnan (Ling biao lu yi 嶺表錄異) by Liu Xun 劉恂 (fl. 880s) details abundant marine life in the coastal Lingnan area (including Hainan Island), features several extensive accounts of seafaring and shipwreck, and is interspersed with entries on the crafts of boat-making, ethnography of coastal dwellers and other maritime peoples. This article places this collection in the context of a larger process of producing geographical knowledge, and investigates the sources and orientations for such evolving knowledge of the coastal world and its connection to the sea.
A Method Using the Huber Function for Inversion of Tidal Open Boundary Conditions of the M2 Constituent in the Bohai and Yellow Seas
Authors: Gao Yuchun , Jiao Shengyi , Fu Kai , Zeng Xueying , Lv Xianqing
Published: October 2022

The adjoint assimilation method has been widely used in various ocean models, and a series of technical schemes have been developed at the same time. Open boundary conditions (OBCs) in the two-dimensional (2D) tidal model of the M2 tidal constituent in the Bohai and the Yellow Seas (BYS) were inverted successfully using the adjoint assimilation methods in previous studies. However, the cost function in the adjoint assimilation method usually used the L2 norm in the past, which is difficult to maintain the robustness of the method when there are outliers. Meanwhile, using the L1 norm with strong robustness will shield the outliers’ information fully. Therefore, we propose a new scheme that replaces the L2 norm with the Huber function to improve the robustness of the adjoint assimilation method and absorb the data’s useful information to some extent. This scheme was verified in the ideal experiments in which magnitudes of the misfit vector were significantly reduced and the quality control (QC) process was simplified consequently. In the practical experiments, the introduction of the Huber function improved the accuracy of inversion in the inshore area using mixed data containing tide gauges and satellite altimetry. With this scheme, the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) between the estimation and the observed values at tide gauge stations were reduced from ∼8 cm with the original scheme to ∼6 cm. Testing the new scheme in more complex models and how it might be affected remains a topic for future study.

Significance Statement

The adjoint assimilation method has been effectively applied in various ocean models. The cost function in the adjoint assimilation is usually in the form of the L2 norm, which presents poor robustness. By using the Huber function instead of the L2 norm as the cost function, we proposed a new scheme that can perfectly handle the potential outliers in data and noticeably improve the robustness of the adjoint assimilation method. The new method was applied to the inversion of tidal open boundary conditions of the M2 constituent in the Bohai and the Yellow Seas. Both the ideal and practical experiments verified the effectiveness of the developed scheme.
An OSSE Study of the Impact of Micropulse Differential Absorption Lidar (MPD) Water Vapor Profiles on Convective Weather Forecasting
Authors: Kay Junkyung , Weckwerth Tammy M. , Lee Wen-Chau , Sun Jenny , Romine Glen
Published: October 2022

The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Montana State University jointly developed water vapor micropulse differential absorption lidars (MPDs) that are a significant advance in eye-safe, unattended, lidar-based water vapor remote sensing. MPD is designed to provide continuous vertical water vapor profiles with high vertical (150 m) and temporal resolution (5 min) in the lower troposphere. This study aims to investigate MPD observation impacts and the scientific significance of MPDs for convective weather analyses and predictions using observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs). In this study, the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) and the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model are used to conduct OSSEs for a case study of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) observed during the Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) experiment. A poor-performing control simulation that was drawn from a 40-member ensemble at 3-km resolution is markedly improved by assimilation of simulated observations drawn from a more skillful simulation that served as the nature run at 1-km resolution. In particular, assimilating surface observations corrected surface warm front structure errors, while MPD observations remedied errors in low- to midlevel moisture ahead of the MCS. Collectively, these analyses changes led to markedly improved short-term predictions of convection initiation, evolution, and precipitation of the MCS in the simulations on 15 July 2015. For this case study, the OSSE results indicate that a more dense MPD network results in better prediction performance for convective precipitation while degrading light precipitation prediction performance due to an imbalance of the analysis at large scales.
Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma: Complications and Predictive Factors of Intraoperative Hemodynamic Instability
Authors: Tariel François , Dourmap Caroline , Prudhomme Thomas , Hascoet Juliette , Soulie Michel , Moreau Benjamin , Thoulouzan Matthieu , Vezzosi Delphine , Guenego Agathe , Manunta Andrea , Huyghe Eric , Peyronnet Benoit
Published: October 2022

Background

Surgery is the treatment of choice for pheochromocytoma. However, this surgery carries a risk of hemodynamic instability (HDI). The aim of this study was to report complications associated with this procedure, to identify risk factors for HDI during surgery, and its impact on postoperative outcomes.

Methods

The charts of all patients who underwent adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma in two academic centers between 2006 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was HDI defined by a systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg or a mean blood pressure <60 mmHg intraoperatively. The secondary outcomes of interest were the total duration of HDI, the occurrence of intraoperative arrhythmia, perioperative cardiovascular events, and postoperative complications.

Results

205 patients were included. HDI occurred intraoperatively in 155 patients (75.6%) but only 6 (3.2%) experienced arrhythmia. Thirty-eight postoperative complications were reported (18.6%) but only nine were ≥3 according to Clavien-Dindo (4.4%). There were 10 postoperative cardiovascular events (5.7%). Patients with intraoperative HDI had higher rates of postoperative complications (21.3% vs 10%; P = .07), major postoperative complications (5.8% vs 0%; P = .12) and cardiovascular events (6.5% vs 0%; P = .12). Factors associated with intraoperative HDI in univariate analysis were age (OR = 8.14; P = .006), high blood pressure preoperatively (OR = 2.16; P = .04), tumor size (OR = 15.83; P = .0001), and urinary normetanephrine level (OR = 9.33; P = .04).

Discussion

In multidisciplinary centers, the overall morbidity of adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma is low. HDI during adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma is highly prevalent but rarely associated with major cardiovascular events. There might be a link between HDI and postoperative cardiovascular events.
Influencing Driver Offending Behavior: Using an Integrated Deterrence-based Model
Authors: Hassan Eslam H. A. , Bates Lyndel , McLean Rebecca , Ready Justin
Published: October 2022

Deterrence theory is the framework traditionally used to underpin road policing practices. However, there have been several developments in deterrence theory. This study uses an integrated approach and tests four hypotheses derived from classical deterrence theory, Stafford and Warr’s reconceptualization and informal sanctioning. Regression analysis of self-reported data from a sample ( N = 623) of Queensland’s drivers provided evidence that punishment avoidance, both direct and vicarious, significantly predicted offending driving behaviors. Moreover, while offending driving behaviors appeared unrelated to formal sanctioning, including certainty, severity, and celerity, they were inversely associated with informal sanctions involving shame, guilt, and concern over losing the respect of friends. This indicates that policing agencies may be able to reduce road offending by implementing interventions targeted at the informal sanctions associated with these behaviors.
Does Parental Incarceration Condition the Relationship Between Childhood Lack of Guilt and Criminal Justice Involvement? A Life-Course Analysis
Authors: Chumchal Martha J. , Narvey Chelsey S. , Connolly Eric J.
Published: October 2022

Prior research suggests that childhood lack of guilt increases risk for involvement in the criminal justice system later in life. However, few studies have explored the role of moderating factors on this association across the life course, particularly parental incarceration during adolescence, which is commonly associated with child contact with the criminal justice system. The current study analyzes self-report data from a population-based sample of U.S. youth ( N = 6,581) to examine whether and to what extent parental incarceration between ages 10 and 17 moderate the association between child lack of guilt between ages 8 and 9 and incarceration from ages 18 to 32. Results from a series path models reveal that childhood lack of guilt is positively associated with adult incarceration. Parental incarceration is also associated with child incarceration, but does not moderate the direct pathway from childhood lack of guilt to incarceration. Early life lack of guilt or empathy appears to be a robust and unique independent risk factor for future criminal justice involvement. Prevention efforts should focus on identifying and treating this form of problematic behavior early in childhood.
A Call for a Black Feminist Liberatory Ethics in Criminological Research on Black Women and Girls’ Offending and Victimization
Authors: Gonzalez Cassandra Mary Frances
Published: October 2022

Criminology posits objectivity and neutrality as the ideal standard for research methods, yet traditional definitions of objectivity and neutrality have historically been constructed by White, cisgender men and used to gauge the legitimacy of criminological research. This paper is an examination of the difficulties of studying Black women and girls’ offending and victimization as a Black woman researcher, including the “pushback” for what was seen as race exclusion in a gender violence issue. Based on my qualitative research with Black women survivors of sex trafficking and sexual exploitation, I introduce “Black feminist liberatory ethics,” a set of guidelines and ethics of care for studying Black women and girls and their experiences criminal legal system amid the continuing struggle of liberation from oppression. I argue research can include liberatory practices for historically oppressed groups from systemic and epistemic injustice by revolutionizing traditional criminological research methods.
Foreign Aid and Fiscal Policy in a Small-Open Economy with a Non-Market Sector
Authors: Cui Naiyue , Hu Yunfang
Published: October 2022

This study examines the macroeconomic effects of foreign aid and fiscal policy by employing a multi-sector growth model. Foreign aid may decrease the recipient country’s market activities by lowering its capital accumulation and shifting market labour and capital to the non-market sector. This market activity shifting can improve the recipient country’s foreign asset/debt position where real exchange rate plays a role. We examine fiscal policies’ long- and short-run impacts and the recipient country’s administration efficiency in handling aid. Efficiency improvements in the recipient country’s governance of foreign aid can lower its real exchange rate, thereby contribute to improving foreign asset/debt holdings. Although administration costs in foreign aid may cause losses, by raising both market and non-market goods consumption, foreign aid improves the welfare of the recipient country. Our numerical analysis demonstrates the comparative statics and comparative dynamics impacts of several fiscal policy experiments. We illustrate that capital and labour income’s taxation effects can be very different.
Rolling bearing intelligent fault diagnosis method based on IPSO-WCNN
Authors: Chen Ronghua , Gu Yingkui , Wu Kuan , Li Cheng
Published: October 2022

In the bearing fault diagnosis process using the convolution neural network (CNN), there are some problems, such as complex signal data processing and the complex network parameter setting. A rolling bearing fault diagnosis method is proposed to solve these problems based on improved particle swarm optimization and convolution neural networks with wide kernels in first-layer (IPSO-WCNN). The particle self-adaptive jump out algorithm is proposed to overcome particle swarm optimization (PSO) shortcomings. The adaptive inertia weight and the linear change acceleration coefficients are adopted for improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO). The convolution neural networks with wide kernels in first-layer (WCNN) fault diagnosis method is proposed for one-dimensional rolling bearing vibration signals, and the parameters of the WCNN is optimised by IPSO. According to the verification experiments, the proposed method can get higher accuracy than others with good adaptability.
Displacement field reconstruction technique for plate-like structures based on model superposition method
Authors: Yan Jie , Cheng Yangyang , Zhang Lei , Li Zhaohua , Xu Tao , Zhang Faye , Jiang Mingshun , Sui Qingmei
Published: October 2022

To achieve real-time sensing and deformation reconstruction of flexible plate structure, a 3D reconstruction technique based on a quasi-distributed fiber grating sensor network and order-optimized modal superposition method is proposed. Graphic visualization is introduced to the field of deformation monitoring, then the displacement field reconstruction of the typical structure of spacecraft is realized. Firstly, a finite element model of the four-sided fixed-supported plate structure is constructed, and the conversion matrix of surface strain and displacement are obtained based on modal analysis, and then the modal parameters are optimized through static simulation experiments; Secondly, the influence of the number and position of sensors on the reconstruction accuracy is studied, then a high-density distributed fiber grating sensor network is attached to the surface of the plate to construct an experimental FBG model of the spacecraft; Finally, concentrated loads are applied to the structure at different positions, and structure’s surface strain information is collected by FBG network, then the morphological reconstruction of the deformed structure is realized based on the improved model superposition method, which proves the feasibility of the algorithm. The results show that the reconstruction method’s average absolute error is less than 0.13 mm, so this method can be used to displace field reconstruction problems of flexible structures.
Observer-based adaptive ISMC for connected vehicles against cyber-attacks
Authors: Yue Wei , Shen Hongxia , Guo Xiangjun , Wang Liyuan
Published: October 2022

This paper concentrates on decentralized variable structure adaptive integral sliding mode control (ISMC) for connected vehicles (CV) against cyber-attacks. First of all, a novel vehicle leader-follower model is established by jointly considering the cyber-attacks which involve replay attack and DoS attack simultaneously. Secondly, a decentralized control scheme is designed on the basis of the variable structure observer and adaptive integral sliding mode technique. The Lyapunov-Razumikhin method is adopted such that the state estimation error of CV system is asymptotically converged to zero, which can overcome the replay attack, DoS attack, and measurement delays, then a corrective signal is designed for the deception attack to eliminate the influence of deception attack on the CV system. Furthermore, the robust asymptotic stability of CV system is guaranteed by exploiting the emerging technique of robust control for time-delay systems. Meanwhile, the string stability of CV is guaranteed, even under the condition of heterogeneous vehicles. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Influence of pretreated sugarcane bagasse fiber by steam explosion, soaking with caustic soda, and addition of coupling agent into polylactic acid biocomposites
Authors: Monroy Vázquez FJ , González Uribe EE , García Enríquez S , Fernández-Escamilla VVA , González Núñez R , Canche Escamilla G , Moscoso Sanchez FJ
Published: October 2022

Biocomposites containing natural fibers waste have gained the attention of researchers due to their biodegradability and suitability for several applications in different industries. In this study, sugarcane bagasse fibers waste was treated by digestion with NaOH and steam explosion to the previous soaking with NaOH, and their impregnation with 1% maleated polyethylene was used as reinforcement in poly (lactic acid) matrix composites. Surface morphological changes were observed with scanning electron microscopy due to fiber treatment/MAPE in the PLA matrix. The biocomposites with MAPE improved Young’s modulus, but the strength tensile was reduced. Flexural modulus of biocomposites shows a considerable increase with MAPE, for biocomposites of 10% and 20% of bagasse the values are circa 8000 MPa regarding the 3500 MPa from PLA. These increases in the properties are ascribed to the improved interfacial interaction of the modified sugarcane bagasse fibers into the PLA. The analysis of TGA shows that incorporation of fiber with and without treatment and MAPE improved the thermal stability. By adding fiber into the biocomposites, the loss modulus peak becomes wider, this means that adhesion of the matrix and the fiber were improved. The X-ray diffraction graph shows an increase in the crystallinity of the biocomposites after the treatment and the addition of MAPE compared to the matrix of PLA.
Effects of extreme low temperatures on the impact behavior of boron nitride nanofillers added carbon fiber/epoxy composite tubes
Authors: Kara Memduh , Tatar Ahmet Caner , Kırıcı Muhammed , Kepir Yusuf , Gunoz Alper , Avcı Ahmet
Published: October 2022

This study aims to investigate the low-velocity impact response of boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNPs) added carbon fiber reinforced pipes (CFRPs) at various temperature values. Carbon fiber/epoxy composite specimens with (±55°)3 winding angles were manufactured with the filament winding method. Low-velocity impact tests were performed with a 15 J energy level at five different temperatures between −196°C and 23°C ranges to understand the cryogenic environment effect on BNNP added carbon fiber reinforced tubes and neat carbon fiber reinforced tubes. The force-displacement and contact force-time graphs were attained in consequence of low-velocity impact tests. The damage areas, their size and characteristics were scrutinized both visually and with the aid of a Microscope. The test results showed that when ambiance temperatures decreased, the damage areas considerably increased both filled with BNNP and without BNNP filament wound carbon fiber reinforced tubes.
Modeling threats and promises: Explaining the Munich crisis of 1938
Authors: Zagare Frank C , Kilgour D Marc
Published: October 2022

The use of an incomplete information game model to explore the strategic characteristics of the carrot and stick approach to coercive diplomacy shows that the dynamics of this manipulative bargaining tactic are much more nuanced than standard atheoretical accounts suggest. One unexpected finding is that when information is incomplete, there always exists a deterrence equilibrium under which no attempt is made to overturn the status quo. An all-out conflict or an unsuccessful fait accompli is also possible, but only when information about preferences is not common knowledge. Incomplete information, then, is a double-edged sword, sometimes enhancing the prospects for peace and at other times making conflict more likely. We use a special case of the Carrot and Stick Game model to shed theoretical light on the Munich crisis of 1938, a manufactured crisis if there ever was one. Hitler’s last-minute about-face was motivated by his newfound belief that the British, French, and Czechs intended to resist his planned military invasion of the Sudetenland and his preference to avoid an all-out war. While his preference was unchanged in 1939, his beliefs were not; as our model suggests, the consequences were more than predictable.
Dining against Dehumanization: A Mixed-Methods and Interdisciplinary Approach to Assessing the Humanizing Effects of Sharing a Meal with Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Tausen Brittany M. , Douglass Katherine M. , Hodges Rebecca , Rivera Bella , Thomas Caitlin
Published: October 2022

Aside from loving God, the hallmark of a Christ-filled life is to love one’s neighbor as oneself (Mark 12:31). Thus, spiritual formation should be evidenced by an increased depth and breadth of love for others. Using qualitative (Study 1) and quantitative (Study 2) methods, we explored how sharing a meal and fellowshipping with a member of a marginalized group (a theological practice) shaped college students’ perceptions of their unhoused neighbors. Results demonstrated that students recognized human-like traits associated with an individual experiencing homelessness after a shared meal, but that the encounters did not significantly reduce the dehumanization of individuals experiencing homelessness as a whole (relative to a control no dinner condition). In addition to theoretical implications for psychologists interested in intergroup contact, our findings have implications for those trying to cultivate Christian virtues such as neighbor love through classroom or ministerial practices.
The Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale: A reliability generalization meta-analysis
Authors: Badenes-Ribera Laura , Duro-García Carmen , López-Ibáñez Carmen , Martí-Vilar Manuel , Sánchez-Meca Julio
Published: October 2022

The Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale (APBS) is most often used to measure adult prosociality. We conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis to compute the average APBS reliability and examine the heterogeneity among reliability estimations and the influence of moderator variables. An exhaustive search identified 74 articles that applied the APBS with 16 items assessed on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Of these, 58 had reliability coefficients with the current data, and 76 reliability estimates were provided. Random- and mixed-effects models were used. The average reliability coefficient was .903 for Cronbach’s alpha, .896 for McDonald’s omega, and .674 for test–retest. Moderator analyses were used to create a predictive model in which the target population and study language accounted for 48.7% of the total variability among Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Although the APBS has shown satisfactory internal consistency, it can vary as a function of several factors.
Temporal Structuring as Self-Discipline: Managing time in the budgeting process
Authors: Kunzl Ferdinand , Messner Martin
Published: October 2022

We examine how actors engage in temporal self-discipline so as to achieve entrainment of a practice to temporal norms. Temporal self-discipline is about imposing self-created temporal structures on one’s future behaviour and goes along with the (re-)production of a time-conscious self. Based on our fieldwork, we show how such self-discipline materializes both in the form of a very detailed temporal plan and in spaces for coordination to ensure sticking to this plan. We demonstrate that practising temporal self-discipline provides accountants with a sense of control over the budgeting process – a way to achieve ‘controlled’ entrainment to the temporal norm. We also show how temporal disruptions may challenge controlled entrainment, forcing actors into a passive mode of reaction and potential deviation from their intended plan.
An Open-Label Rater-Blinded Randomized Trial of Vilazodone versus Escitalopram in Major Depression
Authors: Kumar Pattath Narayanan Suresh , Suresh Rohith , Menon Vikas
Published: October 2022

Background:

Vilazodone, a novel selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT1A partial agonist, was approved in 2011 for treatment for major depression. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of vilazodone versus escitalopram in patients with major depression at 4 weeks.

Methods:

Participants ( n = 52) were adult major depressive disorder outpatients who were randomized to receive either oral escitalopram (modal endpoint dose 20 mg/day; n = 26) or oral vilazodone (modal endpoint dose 40 mg/day; n = 26). Rater-blinded assessments of depression scores (primary outcome) and clinical severity of illness (secondary outcome) were obtained at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. Adverse effects such as weight gain, sexual dysfunction, and diarrhea were recorded at each visit. The primary analysis was performed on the Intention-to-treat sample.

Results:

No significant difference was noted between groups on depression scores at study endpoint ( F = 2.80, df = 1,50, P = 0.10); however, the vilazodone group had significantly lower endpoint clinical severity of illness ( F = 7.69, df = 1,50, P = 0.01). At 2 weeks, there were no significant between-group differences on depression scores ( F = 0.006, df = 1,50, P = 0.94). Instances of diarrhea (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the vilazodone group.

Conclusion:

Clinical ratings of major depression did not differ significantly between vilazodone and escitalopram groups at the end of 4 weeks. Our findings are limited by lack of statistical power to detect smaller differences between groups, should they exist.
The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index: A predictive tool of cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Ranucci Marco , Di Dedda Umberto , Cotza Mauro , Zamalloa Moreano Katherine
Published: October 2022

Introduction

cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) has a number of preoperative and intraoperative risk factors. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) factors have not yet been elucidated in a single multivariate model. The aim of this study is to develop a dynamic predictive model for CSA-AKI.

Methods

retrospective study on 910 consecutive adult cardiac surgery patients. Baseline data were used to settle a preoperative CSA-AKI risk model (static risk model, SRM); CPB related data were assessed for association with CSA-AKI. CPB duration, nadir oxygen delivery, time of exposure to a low oxygen delivery, nadir mean arterial pressure, peak lactates and red blood cell transfusion were included in a multivariate dynamic perfusion risk (DPR). SRM and DPR were merged into a final logistic regression model (multifactorial dynamic perfusion index, MDPI). The three risk models were assessed for discrimination and calibration.

Results

the SRM model had an AUC of 0.696 (95% CI 0.663–0.727), the DPR model of 0.723 (95% CI 0.691–0.753), and the MDPI model an AUC of 0.769 (95% CI 0.739–0.798). The difference in AUC between SRM and DPR was not significant ( p = 0.495) whereas the AUC of MDPI was significantly larger than that of SRM ( p = 0.004) and DPR ( p = 0.015).

Conclusions

inclusion of dynamic indices of the quality of CPB improves the discrimination and calibration of the preoperative risk scores. The MDPI has better predictive ability than the existing static risk models and is a promising tool to integrate different factors into an advanced concept of goal-directed perfusion.