bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperbolicity of generic surfaces of high degree in projective 3-space
Authors: Demailly Jean-Pierre , El Goul Jawher
Published: February 2007

The main goal of this work is to prove that a very generic surface of degree at least 21 in complex projective 3-dimensional space is hyperbolic in the sense of Kobayashi. This means that every entire holomorphic map f : [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] → X to the surface is constant. In 1970, Kobayashi conjectured more generally that a (very) generic hypersurface of sufficiently high degree in projective space is hyperbolic. Our technique follows the stream of ideas initiated by Green and Griffiths in 1979, which consists of considering jet differentials and their associated base loci. However, a key ingredient is the use of a different kind of jet bundle, namely the "Semple jet bundles" previously studied by the first named author. The base locus calculation is achieved through a sequence of Riemann-Roch formulas combined with a suitable generic vanishing theorem for order 2-jets. Our method covers the case of surfaces of general type with Picard group [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] and (13 + 12θ 2 ) c 2 1 -9 c 2 > 0, where θ 2 is the "2-jet threshold" (bounded below by -1/6 for surfaces in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] 3 ). The final conclusion is obtained by using recent results of McQuillan on holomorphic foliations.
Geometric zeta functions of locally symmetric spaces
Authors: Deitmar Anton
Published: February 2007

The theory of geometric zeta functions for locally symmetric spaces is generalized to the case of higher rank spaces. We show that the zeta functions can be continued to meromorphic functions on the plane, describe the divisor in terms of tangential cohomology and in terms of group cohomology which generalizes a conjecture of Patterson. We also extend the range of zeta functions in considering higher dimensional flats.
The indices of log canonical singularities
Authors: Fujino Osamu
Published: February 2007

Let ( P ∈ X , Δ) be a three-dimensional log canonical pair such that Δ has only standard coefficients and that P is a center of log canonical singularities for ( X , Δ). Then we get an effective bound of the indices of these pairs and actually determine all the possible indices. Furthermore, under certain assumptions including the log Minimal Model Program, an effective bound is also obtained in dimension n ≥ 4.
Brauer groups and quotient stacks
Authors: Edidin Dan , Hassett Brendan , Kresch Andrew , Vistoli Angelo
Published: February 2007

A natural question is to determine which algebraic stacks are quotient stacks. In this paper we give some partial answers and relate it to the question of whether, for a scheme X, the natural map from the Brauer group (equivalence classes of Azumaya algebras) to the cohomological Brauer group (the torsion subgroup of H 2 ( X , [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] m )) is surjective.
Extension of Floquet's theory to nonlinear periodic differential systems and embedding diffeomorphisms in differential flows
Authors: Li Weigu , Llibre Jaume , Zhang Xiang
Published: February 2007

This paper has two parts. In the first one we generalize the Floquet theory to nonlinear periodic differential systems. In the second part we apply the first one to obtain a sufficient condition in order that a germ of diffeomorphism can be embedded in a differential flow.
On diagonalization of singular Frobenius operators on Siegel modular forms
Authors: Andrianov Anatoli
Published: February 2007

A Frobenius operator ║Π( m ) maps a Siegel modular form with Fourier coefficients f ( A ), where A runs over matrices of nonnegative definite integral quadratic forms of given order, to the function with Fourier coefficients f ( mA ). In cases of Siegel modular forms or cusp forms of integral weights k for the groups Γ n 0 ( q ) with Dirichlet characters χ modulo q , the Frobenius operators with m dividing a power of q (singular operators) can be interpreted as Hecke operators on the corresponding spaces and so map the spaces into themselves. It is proved, in particular, that if q is square-free and the character χ 2 is primitive modulo q , then each space of cusp forms has a basis of common eigenfunctions for all regular Hecke operators and all singular Frobenius operators, and the absolute values of all eigenvalues of ║Π( m ) are equal to m ½( nk - n ( n +1)/2) . The result for n = 1 is due to W. W. Li; n = 2 and a prime level q was obtained in an earlier paper by the author and A. A. Panchishkin.
Uniform approximation of Abhyankar valuation ideals in smooth function fields
Authors: Ein Lawrence , Lazarsfeld Robert , Smith Karen E.
Published: February 2007

Fix a rank one valuation ν centered at a smooth point x on an algebraic variety over a field of characteristic zero. Assume that ν is Abhyankar, that is, that its rational rank plus its transcendence degree equal the dimension of the variety. Let a m denote the ideal of elements in the local ring of x whose valuations are at least m . Our main theorem is that there exists k > 0 such that a mn is contained in ( a m-k ) n for all m and n . This can be viewed as a greatly strengthened form of Izumi's Theorem for Abhyankar valuations centered on smooth complex varieties. The proof uses the theory of asymptotic multiplier ideals.
On icosahedral Artin representations, II
Authors: Taylor Richard
Published: February 2007

We prove that some new infinite families of odd two dimensional icosahedral representations of the absolute Galois group of [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] are modular and hence satsify the Artin conjecture. We also give an account of work of Ramakrishna on lifting mod l Galois representations to characteristic zero.
Multiple bumping of components of deformationspaces of hyperbolic 3-manifolds
Authors: Holt John
Published: February 2007

Let M be a hyperbolizable 3-manifold with nonempty incompressible boundary of negative Euler characteristic. Suppose that B 1 ,..., B k is a collection of components of the interior of the space of complete, marked hyperbolic 3-manifolds homotopy equivalent to M , such that for any i, j , [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]. We prove that there is a geometrically finite hyperbolic structure on int ( M ) which is in the closure of each B i . Moreover, we show that this structure can be constructed so as to admit quasiconformal deformations which also lie in the closure of every B i .
Where Have the Bedouin Gone?
Authors: Cole Donald Powell
Published: February 2007

The Bedouin have been exoticized as nomads and essentialized as
representatives of segmentary lineage organization and tribalism. This
essay shows more complex and multifaceted existences and argues that
"Bedouin" has changed from denoting a way of life in the past to marking
an identity today. A multi-sited perspective presents socioeconomic and
sociopolitical change among Bedouin from Algeria to Saudi Arabia and
includes colonial impacts, commercialization of pastoral production,
occupational change, and sedentarization. Bedouin involvement in tourism
and the manufacture of Bedouin heritage for sale as a commodity and as
a component of (some) Arab national heritages are also discussed. The
coexistence of segmentation, markets, states, and Islam is stressed,
with class divisions now becoming predominant. A concern with Middle
Eastern ethnography in general, largely implicit, runs throughout the text.
Marginality and Subjectivity in the Haitian Diaspora
Authors: Brodwin Paul
Published: February 2007

Collective subjectivity refers to the way that people
define their group's essence and represent it to others. Marginality
is the predicament of ambiguous belonging. For members of transnational
diapsoras, subjectivity grows out of the experience of marginalization
and unstable relations of difference in the dominant society where they
currently, if temporarily, live. This article traces the marginalization
of Haitians living in Guadeloupe, French West Indies, and the forms
of subjectivity that they elaborate as a response. By contrasting the
experience of Haitians living in Guadeloupe, the Dominican Republic,
and the United States, it shows that diasporic subjectivity is locally
produced. Guadeloupeans interpellate Haitians through a binary framework
of citizen/non-citizen, which justifies legal harassment and violent
extrusion. But they also regard Haitians as more authentic Caribbeans, in
contrast to Guadeloupeans' rapid assimilation to French norms. Haitians
respond to their marginality through discourses of group identity
which comment upon, resist, but also accommodate the ways they are
interpellated. Comparisons with other expatriate Haitians shows that the
subjectivity of this enclave is calibrated more to Guadeloupean realities
than to the dislocated signs and practices of the Haitian diaspora.
Mistaken Expressions
Authors: Gert Joshua
Published: February 2007

It is a suggestive feature of English and other languages that an indicative sentence such as ‘Premarital sex is wrong’ can be described not only as an expression of the belief that premarital sex is wrong, but also as an expression of disapproval of premarital sex. Disapproval is plausibly regarded as an attitude that is distinct from belief, in that it does not have truth conditions. What sort of attitude, then, should we take ‘Premarital sex is wrong’ to express: disapproval, belief, or perhaps both? One group of contemporary philosophers advocates the first Option. They hold that evaluative claims serve essentially to express positive and negative attitudes that are more like desires than beliefs, and that cannot be said to be true or false — at least in the robust way in which claims about the ages of trees (for example) can be true or false. Call these philosophers ‘expressivists.’ Seemingly opposed to expressivists are those who hold that evaluative claims express beliefs, and can be true or false.
Social inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in the french male population, 1980–1991
Authors: Cambois Emmanuelle , Robine Jean-Marie , Hayward Mark D.
Published: February 2007

We calculate aggregate indicators of population health for occupational groups to gauge changes in health disparities during the 1980–1991 period. The study is based on the experiences of French adult men in three major occupational classes: managers, manual workers, and an intermediary occupational group. Life table models show that managers have longer life expectancy and dis-abilityfree life expectancy (DFLE) than manual workers, and a shorter life expectancy with disability. The concurrent increases in life expectancy and DFLE during the period maintained the occupational disparities in health; the years lived with disability, however, declined for all groups, as for the entire French population.
From Conquest to Constitutions: Retrieving a Latin American Tradition of the Idea of Human Rights
Authors: Wright-Carozza Paolo
Published: February 2007

The article explores the historical roots of the Latin American region's
strong commitment to the idea of universal human rights, focusing on four
key intellectual moments: the ethical response to the Spanish conquest;
the rights ideology of the continent's liberal republican revolutions; the
articulation of social and economic rights in the Mexican Constitution
of 1917; and the Latin American contributions to the genesis of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Constructing a narrative from
these examples, the article argues for the recognition of a distinct
Latin American tradition within the global discourse of human rights.
UNESCO, Genetics, and Human Rights
Authors: Lenoir Noelle
Published: February 2007

In response to a mandate conferred on the International Bioethics
Committee (IBC) of UNESCO in November 1993, the IBC has
drafted a "universal declaration on the human genome and human
rights," which will be considered by the General Conference of
UNESCO in November 1997. This article discusses the
development of the document and provides the text of the "revised
preliminary draft" of the declaration.
Environmental Wellness
Authors: Callicott J. Baird
Published: February 2007

Calicott uses the recent history of his home, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, to illustrate what he argues is an important
distinction between the traditional model of health and a more involved understanding of wellness. He argues that health
is usually defined as the absence of disease, while wellness encompasses a proactive stance in which human health is
understood as one facet of ecosystemic health. The wellness movement makes the connection between health care and
the environmental movement.
"Human Debris": Border Politics, Body Parts, and the Reclamation of the Americas in Leslie Marmon Silko's Almanac of the Dead
Authors: Stanford Ann Folwell
Published: February 2007

Ann Folwell Stanford shows how Leslie Marmon Silko uses bodies and body parts as symbols of an unruly society in
Almanac of the Dead: A Novel. Drawing on Mayan beliefs and prophecies as well as on contemporary social realities,
Silko probes medicine's entanglements in the profit motive that make it simultaneously vulnerable and culpable. A
characteristic Euro-American force inextricably linked to the oppression and domination of the have-nots, medicine
becomes a governing image and one of the ideological engines behind this work.
Circles
Authors: Sweeden Pat
Published: February 2007

Sweeden struggles unsuccessfully with the loss of a son and with
the difficulty of being a grieving man in a culture that mandates
strength and silence. He describes the helpful influence of a circle
of writers as well as a circle of others who grieve.
Exposing the Nerves of Language: Virginia Woolf, Charles Mauron, and the Affinity Between Aesthetics and Illness
Authors: Coates Kimberly Engdahl
Published: February 2007

This essay argues that Virginia Woolf’s construction of illness in her essay “On Being Ill” and the French aesthetician Charles Mauron’s theory of aesthetics as articulated in The Nature of Beauty in Art and Literature and Aesthetics and Psychology are related because each recognizes that patients and artists share a unique perceptual and physiological relationship to their surrounding world. For both writers, Woolf more extensively than Mauron, illness becomes the signifier for the body as an aesthetic instrument. It is what forces the reader to recognize art as a product of a corporeal process that is primary rather than secondary to an intellectual process.
Broken Stories: Patients, Families, and Clinicians After Medical Error
Authors: Berlinger Nancy
Published: February 2007

Narratives written
by patients, family members, and clinicians who have been affected by harmful
medical mistakes are becoming part of the discourse of the patient safety
movement, which has emerged over the past decade in response to two landmark
studies of the problem of medical error in U.S. hospitals: the Harvard Medical
Practice Study (1991) and the Institute of Medicine report To Err Is Human (2000). These narratives do not quite fit into the
familiar categories of the pathography or the clinical tale, and they have, to
date, been little explored by scholars of narrative. In this essay, I
characterize these narratives as "broken stories," because they often describe,
and are even occasioned by, a breaking off of communications between a patient
or family and a physician or hospital following an incident of confirmed or
suspected error. Other stories describe the spiritual brokenness of physicians
who have inadvertently harmed patients, and the shattering impact of medical
harm upon individual and communal trust in health care providers and
institutions. With reference to the insights of Dominick La Capra concerning
narratives of trauma, I provide a descriptive overview of three narratives
written by family members Sandra Gilbert (Wrongful Death), Carol Levine ("Life But No Limb"), and Michael
Rowe ("The Rest is Silence"), of a narrative written by physician David
Hilfiker ("Facing Our Mistakes"), and of an error narrative embedded in Anne
Fadiman's The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. I conclude with some preliminary recommendations
concerning how these narratives might be used in medical education to improve
the care of patients, families, and clinicians touched by medical harm.
Greekness, Gender Stereotypes, and the Hollywood Musical in Jules Dassin's Never on Sunday
Authors: Tsitsopoulou Vassiliki
Published: February 2007

Jules Dassin's Never on Sunday (1959) relies on the structural
and stylistic conventions of the American film musical to portray the
conflict between two mutually exclusive understandings of Greekness--one
valorizing the ancient past and the other, the modern present. The smooth
passage from the narrative segments into the music and dance sequences
associates popular modern Greek culture with the fusion of work and play
that is exemplified in the combination of prostitution and unrestrained
sexuality. In the deployment of the voyeuristic visual economy of the
show or backstage musical, modern Greekness is feminized in accordance
with the gender stereotypes that determine the articulation of the
Hollywood musical's style and structure. As a result, the film depicts
Greek ethnocultural specificity as naive carnality and unreflexive pathos.
Imago Poetae: The Aesthetics of Manos Hadjidakis
Authors: Andreopoulos Andreas
Published: February 2007

The worldwide fame of Manos Hadjidakis is inextricably linked to the
commercial success of his early work, portraying him primarily as one of
the major figures who brought the bouzouki into mainstream popular
Greek music. This analysis develops an alternate, more comprehensive
interpretation of Hadjidakis's work by examining which songs he
preferred in contrast to which songs were most commercially successful,
as well as the instrumentation he employed, the musical structure of his
compositions, and his orchestrational style. Such investigations reveal
that Hadjidakis employed the tradition of reb�tiko in
a flexible manner, as but one element of a much larger musical
project in which he attempted to create a mythical/poetic space where
present Greek experience becomes connected to cultural memory.
Greek Food After Mousaka : Cookbooks, "Local" Culture, and the Cretan Diet
Authors: Ball Eric L
Published: February 2007

In the wake of international publicity about the Cretan/Mediterranean
diet, I survey, contextualize, and critique cookbooks about Cretan/Greek
food. In order to address such issues as human health, nature/ecology,
and "eating local," I examine how cookbooks negotiate regional and
national identities in the context of transnational discourses like
medical science and ecology. Specifically, I argue that Cretan cookbook
authors draw on the Greek nationalist ideologies of folkloric cultural
continuity and aestheticism, as well as the discourse of science, in order
to negotiate Cretan food in ways that resist modern sensibilities. An
examination of their intersections with American cookbooks makes even
clearer the contested nature of such discourses, and indicates that a
degree of Crete's local agricultural and foodways autonomy might be at
stake in these texts.
Revisiting the Navajo Way: Lessons for Contemporary Healing
Authors: Schneider Gregory W , DeHaven Mark J
Published: February 2007

Given the paradox of the success of modern medical technology and
the growing patient dissatisfaction with present-day medicine, critics
have called for a reevaluation of contemporary medical practice. This
paper offers a phenomenological analysis of traditional Navajo
healers and their ceremonies to highlight key aspects of healing. A
phenomenological view of medical practice takes into account three key
features: the lifeworld, the lived body, and understanding. Because of
their closeness to a phenomenological view, traditional Navajo mythology
and healing practices offer insight into the healing process. Contemporary
physicians can appreciate the phenomenological elements of Navajo healing
ceremonies, including the Mountain Chant. Navajo healers help patients
make sense of their illnesses and direct their lives accordingly, an
outcome available to contemporary practitioners, who are also gifted
with the benefits of new technologies. By examining scientific medicine,
Navajo healing practices, and phenomenology as complementary disciplines,
the authors provide the groundwork for reestablishing a more therapeutic
view of health.
The Myth of "Obsolescence": the Monograph in the Digital Library
Authors: Hughes Carol Ann
Published: February 2007

This article will attempt to address some traditional
assumptions librarians have made about the use of monographic
collections. In the course of exploring these assumptions, a more subtly
nuanced articulation of library collection use may emerge, which could
lead to a new appreciation of the need to ensure that information access
is designed specifically to support a wide variety of uses.
Flying First Class or Economy? Classification of Electronic Titles in ARL Libraries
Authors: Wilson Mary Dabney
Published: February 2007

abstract: This paper addresses the utility of classification in
both current and future applications and demonstrates an important role
librarians can choose to play in enhancing public access to information
available on the Internet. It also reports on a survey of current trends
in classification of electronic titles as revealed in the catalogs of
members of the Association of Research Libraries.
Factors Influencing Undergraduates' Self-Reported Satisfaction with Their Information Literacy Skills
Authors: Whitmire Ethelene
Published: February 2007

This study investigated factors influencing 643
undergraduates' self-reported satisfaction with their information
literacy skills. Regression analysis revealed that students of color,
students satisfied with campus library facilities, and students engaged
in interactions with faculty reported greatest satisfaction with their
progress. These results have implications for the redesign of academic
library services.
Creating a Culture of Security in the University of Maryland Libraries
Authors: Lowry Charles B. , Goetsch Lori A.
Published: February 2007

Academic institutions must take a greater interest in the
security needs of their libraries and invest management skills, time, and
finances proactively in this sphere. Above all, the role of the library
staff must be central to any envisioned program of library security. This
article reports a recent intensive collaborative effort between the
University of Maryland Libraries and the Association of Research Libraries
to scrutinize and to revamp security practice and policy of the University
libraries. We believe it was a fruitful association particularly because
it made us focus on the active role of the library staff in fostering
and maintaining a spirit of security.
Identifying the Resource and Service Needs of Graduate and Professional Students
Authors: Barton Hope , Cheng Jim , Clougherty Leo , Forys John , Lyles Toby , Persson Dorothy Marie , Walters Christine , Washington-Hoagland Carlette
Published: February 2007

The library profession has a vested interest in the retention
and information literacy of graduate and professional students. Recent
research highlights the need for the overall study of graduate student
use of the library and of those services and resources geared toward
that population. A University of Iowa Libraries' user needs assessment
survey of a random sample of graduate and professional students revealed
that although graduate and professional students come to the library to
do research or to use other library resources, fewer come to study or
borrow books. Graduate and professional students recognize the need for
more assistance in using the library and would like more opportunities
for library instruction. They prefer human contact. Even though they
are satisfied with the resources and quality of staff assistance, they
would like to find more material on the shelves when they need them. In
addition, many of them are unaware of the range of library services
available to them. One of the key strategic goals of the University of
Iowa is the maintenance and support of premier graduate and professional
programs. Among 131 public research universities recently ranked in Hugh
Davis Graham's and Nancy Diamond's 1997 book The Rise of the American
Research Universities, the University of Iowa ranked among the top
20 based on the quantity and quality of research performance (1997).
As one of only two public research universities in the state of Iowa,
the University of Iowa has a special role in graduate and professional
education. In the knowledge-intensive world of the future, graduate
and professional education play a central role, and given the limited
opportunities for such education within the state of Iowa, this part of
the University of Iowa's mission will increase in importance over time.
Knowledge Management: Chimera or Solution?
Authors: Dillon Martin
Published: February 2007

This essay reviews the origins of the term Knowledge
Management, contrasting it with both data processing and information
processing. The notion that knowledge is exclusively mental is refuted
by reference to recorded knowledge, the stuff of books, reports,
plans, et al. Examples of working knowledge are provided that shed light
on the importance of knowledge processes to organizations that depend
on knowledge for their success. These ideas are then extrapolated to
libraries where I argue that knowledge management, always crucial to
success in the paper world, is even more central as the knowledge world
goes digital.
How Well Do We Fit? Librarians and Faculty in the Academic Setting
Authors: Scherdin Mary Jane
Published: February 2007

Librarians and classroom faculty have similar personality
preferences as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). These
preferences make them natural partners in the academic world. Specific
examples of librarians working together with faculty are presented,
giving special emphasis to the four most common types for librarians.
First Steps Toward a Psychopathology of "Common Sense"
Authors: Blankenburg Wolfgang , Mishara Aaron L
Published: February 2007

In addition to discussing some philosophical accounts of common
sense, this article considers several ways in which common sense can be
altered or disturbed in psychopathology. Common sense can be defined as
practical understanding, capacity to see and take things in their right
light, sound judgment, or ordinary mental capacity. The philosopher
Vico described it as the ability to distinguish the probable from the
improbable. Goethe understood common sense as an "organ" that is formed
in communication for the purpose of communication. Common sense is rooted
in the intersubjective constitution of the life-world. Obsessive-compulsive patients show relatively mild disturbances
of common sense. Patients with major affective psychoses, in their
premorbid personality structure, are overly attached to common sense. In
schizophrenia, however, there seems to be a true abdication of common
sense involving a loss of "natural self-evidence." Even in premorbid
states, such persons often lose both the sense of tact and the ability to
"take things in their right light." Although logic, and the ability to
engage in theoretical discussion, may be preserved, there is a loss of
interpretive skills and the "faculty of judgment"; this results in an
inability to cope with everyday practical and social activity. There
is also a characteristic sense of perplexity, a sense of amazement
before that which would normally seem self-evident and a frequent
tendency to reflect upon the conditions of possibility of existence
that otherwise remain concealed. The author suggests that the fragility
of common sense should not be seen as a mere deficiency state. Rather,
it derives from a basic vulnerability inherent in the very structure of
being human. (Abstract written by special issue editor: L.A.S.)
Depression as a Mind-Body Problem
Authors: Glannon Walter
Published: February 2007

Major depression is a disorder of the mind caused by dysfunction
of both the body and the brain. Because it is a psychiatric illness
and psychiatry is a branch of medicine, the question of how mind and
body interact in depression should be treated as a medical rather than
metaphysical mind-body problem. The relation between mind and body as
it pertains to this illness should be construed in teleological rather
than causal terms. Mental states like beliefs and emotions serve an
adaptive purpose by constraining the physiologic systems involved in the
body's stress response, thus preserving homeostasis and protecting us
from various disorders. Depression results when the mind fails it its
constraining role.
The Responsibility of the Psychopathic Offender
Authors: Ciocchetti Christopher
Published: February 2007

In this paper, I argue that the responsibility affecting defect
of psychopaths is their incapacity for responding to acts within
relationships. I begin with Piers Benn's account of psychopaths as
incapable of forming participant reactive attitudes. Benn argues
that participant reactive attitudes are essentially communicative and
the ability to form and understand participant reactive attitudes is
crucial to being a member of the moral community. Against Benn, I argue
that, although participant reactive attitudes can be communicative,
they are not essentially communicative. Instead, they can be
simply expressive. Therefore, we must consider psychopaths members
of the moral community in Benn's sense; however, psychopaths fail to
interpret their actions as part of relationships. This inability renders
punishment, as an attempt to rectify wrong relationships, inappropriate
for psychopaths. Psychopaths have diminished responsibility, insofar as
they have forfeited some rights by committing an offense, but are not
appropriate candidates for punishment because they cannot understand
its significance.
The Supreme Court's Ruling in Bush v. Gore: A Rhetoric of Inconsistency
Authors: Prosise Theodore O , Smith Craig R
Published: February 2007

This critique of the Supreme Court ruling in Bush
v. Gore establishes judicial and political contexts to ground a
critical reading of the text. It finds that a majority on the Court,
and some dissenters, violated their previously established realms
of legitimate linguistic possibilities to make their arguments. The
majority's rhetorical inconsistencies with their past rulings,
particularly those immediately preceding Bush v. Gore,
prevented consensus and attempted to rationalize a politically charged
decision. This study explains how the Court's credibility was damaged.
Isomorphism, Homogeneity, and Rationalism in University Retrenchment
Authors: Gates Gordon S
Published: February 2007

Recent research raises questions about isomorphism,
homogeneity, and rationalism in university retrenchment. This study
presents a descriptive account of retrenchment at one university
using institutional theory in the analysis. The findings show that
institutionalism as a model explains preferences and behaviors of
both administrators and faculty engaged in retrenchment.
Dimensions of the Community College Faculty Labor Market
Authors: Gahn Sandra , Twombly Susan B
Published: February 2007

This study uses NSOPF-93 data to identify characteristics of the community college faculty labor market and to assess facultyÕs propensity to retire or change jobs. The authors conclude that retirements will probably be gradual and that the market fits neither a classic or internal labor market definition. The labor market is, however, well suited to the characteristics of the community college.
Socioeconomic Status and College: How SES Affects College Experiences and Outcomes
Authors: Walpole MaryBeth
Published: February 2007

This study investigated college experiences and outcomes for low and high
SES students utilizing data from a longitudinal database. Low SES students
engaged in fewer extracurricular activities, worked more, studied less, and
reported lower GPAs than their high SES peers. Nine years after entering college,
the low SES students had lower incomes, educational attainment, and
graduate school attendance than high SES students. These experiential and
outcome differences are tied to differences in cultural capital and habitus.
The Devil and Modernity in Late Nineteenth-Century Buenos Aires
Authors: Ruggiero Kristin
Published: February 2007

In the late nineteenth century, the move away from classical criminology toward positivist criminology brought with it new categories of crime and new definitions of the criminal. A great deal of scholarship has focused on positivism's new approach, which grew out of research in Europe, especially in France and Italy, and later took hold in Argentina and other Latin American countries. It might be supposed that as a state's judicial and penal authorities and doctors of forensic medicine were becoming more professionalized and positivist at this time, and as state and society were becoming more secularized and urbanized, such a traditional figure as the devil would have disappeared from criminal court cases.
Picturephone and the Information Age: The Social Meaning of Failure
Authors: Lipartito Kenneth
Published: February 2007

One of the proudest achievements of Bell Telephone Laboratories in the post World War II era, the video telephone system Picturephone ended its brief life as the Labs' biggest flop. Accounts have attempted to explain this "failure" in a variety of ways. This article proposes a new approach that questions the usefulness of the categories success and failure, and instead considers Picturephone as part of a technological narrative that directed both innovators and users along a certain path or trajectory of information technology. In the end, Picturephone may have actually reinforced this path, even though the device disappeared from use. Understanding these resonate meanings and effects requires extending the time frame of innovation and problematizing notions of consumer autonomy.
Industrial Research Transformed: Edward Condon at the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, 1935-1942
Authors: Lassman Thomas C
Published: February 2007

The 1930s marked a significant transformation in the content and direction of industrial research at the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse was widely respected for its engineering expertise, but it was not as well known for the type of advanced scientific research that was already underway at General Electric, AT&T, and other large companies. In a deliberate attempt to improve its image within the scientific community and match the intellectual strength of its industrial rivals, Westinghouse established a new academic-style research program in 1935. Edward Condon, a respected theoretical physicist at Princeton University, was hired to lead this effort. By 1942, Westinghouse's long-standing reputation for engineering excellence was complemented by growing recognition for its accomplishments in nuclear physics, mass spectrometry, and microwave electronics. Unlike its competitors, however, Westinghouse never conceived a coherent strategy to link Condon's research in these fields to new products and markets. Consequently, the company derived few commercial benefits from its investment in fundamental research.
The Limits of Popular Democracy: Women's Organisations, Feminism and the UDF
Authors: Hassim Shireen
Published: February 2007

Shireen Hassim examines the contours and consequences of
tensions between women's feminist politics and national liberation
in the UDF during the 1980s.
Dramaturgy in the Classroom: Teaching Undergraduate Students not to be Students
Authors: Mazer Cary M
Published: February 2007

The traditional relationship between student and professor--in which the student assumes that the professor knows something that the student does not--is the polar opposite of the relationship between the production dramaturg and the director--in which the dramaturg provides information that the director does not know, and seeks to stimulate the director with new ways of looking at the play. And so one of the tasks of an undergraduate dramaturgy course is to invert the normal teacher-student relationship, acculturating the student to a different role and power relationship.
Teaching and Rehearsing Collaboration
Authors: Thomson Lynn M
Published: February 2007

Graduate programs training dramaturgs must be revisited to address our multi-voiced identity as artists through methodologies to teach collaboration. The article outlines one such method. Dedicated to eradicating boundaries between critical thinking and creativity, the method involves the application of improvisation skills to conversation. The pedagogy begins with defining and describing both collaboration and creativity, through study of theory, research and case studies. The author then take students through two series of exercisesÑinspired by the improvisation work of Keith JohnstoneÑfashioned to instill collaborative skills. The first set relies on theatre games and the second engenders what is termed collaborative dialogues.
The Regime Question: Theory Building in Democracy Studies
Authors: Munck Gerardo L.
Published: February 2007

This review article assesses the accomplishments and limitations of the best of recent research on democratization and democracy in Europe, South America, and post-Soviet Eurasia with regard to the challenge of theory building. Concerning the dependent variables of this literature, the article argues that the concepts of democratic transition, democratic consolidation, and democratic quality, as currently conceptualized, do not provide a clear focus for causal theorizing. It recommends, rather, that the proper subject matter of regime analysis should be the origins and stability of regime types and suggests how the semantic field of democracy studies could be clarified through a focus on the concepts of democratic transition and democratic stability. Relatedly, it argues that democracy scholars have made unwarranted use of aggregate and dichotomous measures and advocates instead the use of more disaggregate and nuanced measures. Concerning causal theories, the article shows that researchers have identified a range of potential explanatory factors and proposed suggestive complex causal models. Nonetheless, it also argues that democracy scholars have rarely formulated clearly specified general causal models and identifies some key pitfalls to be avoided as scholars tackle two key tasks: the development of thick and general theory and the definition of causal models. The conclusion raises the need to place theory building in context and argues that scholars must also turn their attention to the demanding challenges of data generation and causal assessment.
Political Transfer and “Trading Up”?: Transatlantic Trade in Genetically Modified Food and U.S. Politics
Authors: Young Alasdair R.
Published: February 2007

Although there is a popular perception that trade liberalization undermines domestic regulation, under certain circumstances international trade can provide a catalyst for making domestic regulations more stringent. This article makes a case extending the applicability of the so-called trading-up thesis by finding evidence of change within the United States in response to the transatlantic trade dispute over genetically modified food. In particular, it argues that political transfer—the transfer of political concern from one jurisdiction to political mobilization in another—can prompt policy change even in the absence of the adoption of foreign standards by domestic firms.
Mit aktiven Sensoren das Kfz-Umfeld erfassen – Funktion und Leistungsfähigkeit von Radar & Co (Detecting the Automotive Surrounding with Active Sensors – Function and Capabilities of Radar & Co.)
Authors: Winner Hermann
Published: February 2007

Aktive Umfeldsensoren senden aktiv Strahlung aus. Die Rückstreuung dieser Strahlung ermöglicht die Erkennung von Umfeldobjekten und die Messung von Abstand und Raumlage. Die spezifischen Funktionsweisen der im Kraftfahrzeugbereich eingesetzten Sensorprinzipien mit Ultraschall, Licht- und mm-Wellen werden in diesem Beitrag beleuchtet. Die Weiterverarbeitung der Signale und Konzepte für eine Sensordatenfusion werden vorgestellt. Abschließend werden einige der nichtfunktionalen, aber oftmals erfolgsentscheidenden Kriterien für den Einsatz im Automobil angesprochen.
Kollisionsvermeidung durch raum-zeitliche Bildanalyse (Collision Avoidance based on Space-Time Image Analysis)
Authors: Franke Uwe , Rabe Clemens , Gehrig Stefan
Published: February 2007

Mehr als 1/3 aller Unfälle mit Personenschäden passieren im städtischen Bereich, primär an Kreuzungen. Eine Unterstützung des Fahrers durch geeignete Assistenzsysteme erfordert das Verstehen dieser sehr komplexen Situationen, insbesondere das sichere Erkennen anderer bewegter Verkehrsteilnehmer. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie man durch eine geschickte Fusion von Stereosehen und Bewegungswahrnehmung zu einer robusten und schnellen Detektion relevanter bewegter Objekte kommt. Dabei schätzt das als 6D-Vision bezeichnete Verfahren simultan Ort und Bewegung einzelner Bildpunkte und erlaubt somit eine Detektion bewegter Objekte bereits auf Pixelebene. Unter Verwendung eines Kalman-Filters propagiert der Algorithmus die aktuelle Interpretation ins nächste Bild, sodass er sich in Echtzeit darstellen lässt. Beispiele kritischer Situationen im Innenstadtbereich verdeutlichen die Leistungsfähigkeit des 6D-Vision-Prinzips, das auch im Bereich der mobilen Roboter wertvolle Beiträge leisten kann.
Semantic Interpretation of Natural Language User Input to Improve Search in Multimedia Knowledge Base (Semantische Interpretation einer Benutzer-Eingabe in natürlicher Sprache für eine verbesserte Suche in einer multimedialen Wissensdatenbank)
Authors: Linckels Serge , Meinel Christoph
Published: February 2007

In this article we present an e-librarian service which is able to retrieve multimedia resources from a knowledge base in a more efficient way than by browsing through an index or by using a simple keyword search. Our premise is that more pertinent results would be retrieved if the e-librarian service had a semantic search engine which understood the sense of the user's query. We explored the approach to allow the user to formulate a complete question in natural language.

We present our background theory, which is composed of three steps. Firstly, there is the linguistic pre-processing of the user question. Secondly, there is the semantic interpretation of the user question into a logical and unambiguous form, i. e., ALC terminology. Thirdly, there is the generation of a semantic query, and the retrieval of pertinent documents.

The background theory was implemented in two prototypes. We report on experiments that confirm the feasibility, the quality and the benefits of such an e-librarian service. From 229 different user questions, the system returned for 97 answer, and for nearly half of the questions only one answer (the best one).
Book Reviews
Authors: BEN‐ARI EYAL
Published: February 2007

The Myth of the Military‐Nation: Militarism, Gender and Education in Turkey. Ayse Gul Altinay. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. xi + 206 pp., notes, bibliography, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: CAMPBELL HOWARD
Published: February 2007

Pursuing Hollywood: Seduction, Obsession, Dread. lVathaniel Kohn. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press, 2006. xiii + 179 pp., references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: HARPENDING HENRY
Published: February 2007

Neo‐Liberal Genetics: The Myths and Moral Tales of Evolutionary Psychology. Susan McKinnon. Chicag: Prickly Paradigm Press, 2005. 169 pp., bibliography.
Book Reviews
Authors: MURPHY LIAM D.
Published: February 2007

Culture and Customs of Ireland. Margaret Scanlan. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2006. xv + 247 pp., chronology, ffiop, photographs, glossary, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: MONAHAN TORIN
Published: February 2007

The Peoples of Las Vegas: One City, Many Faces. Jerry L. Simich and Thomas C. Wrigh, eds. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2005. xvi + 325 pp., photographs, contributors, index.
How diasporic religious communities remember: Learning to speak the “tongue of theoricha” in Cuban Santería
Authors: WIRTZ KRISTINA
Published: February 2007

In this article, I probe the relationship between historical consciousness and cultural transmission. In contrast to scholars' focus on language loss in African‐language ritual registers in the Americas, I examine how Cuban Santería's ritual register, called “Lucumí,” is actively regimented through the ways in which Santería's practitioners learn, use, and interpret it. I discuss two specific interpretive strategies that santeros use: The “etymological approach” is a focus on studying and recovering fixed “original” Yoruba meanings, whereas the “divining‐meaning” approach is a more charismatic, contextual, and performance‐based focus on revealing deep and hidden meanings in Lucumí texts.
Dealing with uncertainty: Shamans, marginal capitalism, and the remaking of history in postsocialist Mongolia
Authors: BUYANDELGERIYN MANDUHAI
Published: February 2007

In this article, I explore the proliferation of previously suppressed shamanic practices among ethnic Buryats in Mongolia after the collapse of socialism in 1990. Contrary to the Buryats' expectation that shamanism would solve the uncertainties brought about by the market economy, it has created additional spiritual uncertainties. As skeptical Buryats repeatedly propitiate their angry origin spirits to alleviate the causes of their misfortunes, they reconstruct their history, which was suppressed by state socialism. The Buryats make their current calamities meaningful by placing them within the shifting history of their tragic past. The sense of uncertainty, fear, and disillusionment experienced by the Buryats also characterizes daily life in places other than Mongolia. This study reflects broader anthropological concerns about the emergence of new cultural spaces and practices in former socialist and preindustrial societies undergoing transitions to market economies.
How dogs dream: Amazonian natures and the politics of transspecies engagement
Authors: KOHN EDUARDO
Published: February 2007

Under the rubric of an “anthropology of life,” I call for expanding the reach of ethnography beyond the boundaries of the human. Drawing on research among the Upper Amazonian Runa and focusing, for heuristic purposes, on a particular ethnological conundrum concerning how to interpret the dreams dogs have, I examine the relationships, both intimate and fraught, that the Runa have with other lifeforms. Analytical frameworks that fashion their tools from what is unique to humans (language, culture, society, and history) or, alternatively, what humans are commonly supposed to share with animals are inadequate to this task. By contrast, I turn to an embodied and emergentist understanding of semiosis—one that treats sign processes as inherent to life and not just restricted to humans—as well as to an appreciation for Amazonian preoccupations with inhabiting the points of view of nonhuman selves, to move anthropology beyond “the human,” both as analytic and as bounded object of study.
Intimate immensity: Phenomenology of place and space in an Australian yoga community
Authors: PERSSON ASHA
Published: February 2007

This article is a dialogue between Edward Casey's theory of place and an ethnographic case study of Satyananda Yoga practice in Australia. At issue is Casey's claim that embodied being‐in‐the‐world is irrevocably dependent on a sense of place for its own existential coherence and, conversely, that placeless space inspires terror. This claim is partly rendered problematic by the ethnographic material, which details how Satyananda yogis enact a range of meaningful spatial relations through embodied practices to aid the evolution of self. Their emphasis on a consciously mediated balance between “grounding” and “expansion,” or implacement and spaciousness, elucidates the diverse and productive dynamics of embodied configurations of space.