bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
May 2024 Imaging Case of the Month: Nothing Is Guaranteed
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA, Gotway Michael
Published: May 2024

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. Clinical History: A 68-year-old man with mantle cell lymphoma diagnosed 5 years earlier presents with weight loss and abdominal distension. HIs lymphoma presented as lymphadenopathy in the neck, chest, and abdomen (Figure 1A), the diagnosis established by percutaneous needle biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes in the neck (Figure 1B); the lymph nodes showed CD5 positivity. Peripheral flow cytometry revealed leukemic involvement as well. The patient underwent hyper-CVAD therapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride [aka, Adriamycin], and dexamethasone), with rituximab, with a good response (Figure 1C). Radiotherapy was also performed for the left neck and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. PMH, SH, FH: The patient’s past medical history was otherwise unremarkable and he had no previous surgical history. The patient had no known allergies and denied alcohol use. He was former smoker, having quit at a young age. Physical Exam: The patient’s physical examination showed a blood pressure of 130 / 76 mmHg, pulse …
Does Vocabulary Grow in Nature? Exploring the Impacts of Nature-Based Early Learning on Young Children's Receptive Vocabulary Development
Authors: Ernst Julie , Stelley Hannah
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This study examined the effect of nature-based practices on preschoolers' receptive vocabulary. We administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test to 134 children from 11 preschool classes at the beginning and end of the preschool year. Results suggest incorporating nature-based practices into preschool supported significant vocabulary growth, but that effectiveness varied by public vs. private school setting and children's socioeconomic status. This study contributes to the literature regarding effective practices for supporting vocabulary development and adds to the growing body of research surrounding the impact of play in natural environments on child development and school readiness.
Street Subculture: Children's Livelihood Strategies for Surviving on the Streets of Addis Ababa
Authors: Fikre Kaleab
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This study explored the livelihood strategies children employ to survive on the streets of Addis Ababa. Street life demands children actively form social relationships with the public and their peers. Street subculture includes aspects of children's creativity, organized to present their sufferings, elicit emotion from passersby, and sympathy from alms-givers. The street subculture also includes the entertainment strategies children use to secure their livelihood. The strong social bonds and supportive relationships that underlie the street subculture reflect children's solidarity. This study recommends that interventions aimed at improving the lives of street children should consider their needs, skills, and creativity.
Connectedness to Nature in Early Adolescence
Authors: Dagher Kate , Hadfield Kristin
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Connectedness to nature is an emotional connection we feel with the natural world. Little is known about how early adolescents understand and explain this phenomenon. Through a grounded theory approach with 12 early adolescents (M=11.8 years, 50% female) in the UK and Ireland, we examined participant experiences, opinions, and attitudes about nature, which formed participants' beliefs on how to connect with the environment. This research proposes a model representing components of connection to nature, identifying three actions, two emotional processes, and three states. This study highlights the need for new measurements of connectedness to nature and development of interventions for early adolescents.
The Archipelagic Imaginary in Eric Walrond’s Tropic Death
Authors: Hsieh Chih-Chien
Published: May 2024

abstract: Set during the US construction of the Panama Canal, Eric Walrond’s Tropic Death paints a gruesome picture of the circum-Caribbean and challenges the picturesque image of the region as a tropical paradise. Contextualizing Walrond’s short stories within the modernizing project of canal-building, this essay argues that Tropic Death reframes the iconography of the Caribbean and evokes the archipelagic imaginary to rupture the myth of US continental exceptionalism. By reclaiming the erased history of the Caribbean’s violent inscription into global modernity, Tropic Death centers issues of race, colonialism, and transoceanic labor history in the context of the global expansion of modernist studies.
Decolonizing Language Revitalization on Tuscarora Nation Territory
Authors: Hill Rahnekawę̀·rih Montgomery
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This article discusses the revitalization of the Tuscarora language, an Iroquoian language. These efforts were further mobilized and transformed by the loss of one of the last elders who spoke the language in 2018. This article puts light on the nuances of language revitalization, emphasizing the importance of collaboration, resources, and reconnection with historical and cultural roots. Specifically, the importance of collaboration between grassroots community organizations, in this case, the Neyękwawętaˀθkwahshek Tuscarora Language Program (NTLP), with linguistic expertise and the support of external institutions, such as the American Philosophical Society. The piece highlights collaborative strategies that support language revitalization and the importance of fostering equitable, accountable relationships among Indigenous communities, linguists, and academic institutions supporting revitalization efforts.
Consultation, Collaboration, and Consent: Decolonizing and Indigenizing Archival Research
Authors: Grimm Kelsey T. , Krupa Krystiana L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Archival research that involves Indigenous-related collections should center and prioritize Indigenous interests and goals regarding the materials. Professionals within these spaces are responsible for taking actions to build safe connections between collections and the communities they represent. Archival materials are often overlooked as relationship-building opportunities. This paper explores collaborative efforts between the Indiana University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and Native partners whose histories are found in collections at the institution, as well as how policies and procedures are changing to be a more inclusive space. Though museums are often the focus of NAGPRA-related conversations, we also emphasize that archives may contain NAGPRA-eligible materials and discuss a few of those instances. Repatriation, whether or digital or physical, remains a valid strategy for returning archival materials but like all consultation, relies on the circumstance. Ultimately, we argue that professionals should return control of appropriate Indigenous materials to their source communities which takes steps towards indigenizing and decolonizing archival research. (158 count)
Returning Forgotten Voices: Indigenous Language Documentation and Revitalization in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Zborover Danny , Sonnenschein Aaron Huey , Llaguno Salvador Galindo , Córdova-Hernández Lorena
Published: May 2024

Abstract: In collaboration with the APS, CNAIR, and the support of a Franklin Research Grant, in 2016 we embarked on the 'Returning Forgotten Voices/ Retornando las Voces a Sus Orígenes ' Project. The aim of this collaborative initiative was to repatriate sound recordings held at the APS since the 1960s, a unique linguistic and ethnographic corpus pertaining to the Oaxacan Chontal Indigenous group, currently considered among the most endangered languages in Mexico. In Total we visited 16 Highland Chontal communities and left about 250 CDs, DVDs, and other forms of digital reproductions. Together with local partners and intellectuals, we were also able to re-introduce a facsimile of a 1922 linguistic description of Tequistlateco Chontal back to that community. A secondary goal of the project was to gather comparable linguistic data for our ongoing multidisciplinary study on linguistic diversifications and regional collective displacements, with the contribution of 51 contemporary Chontal speakers. Finally, we conducted introductory 'Master-Apprentice' workshops in each community, which aimed to spur language revitalization efforts. The project members and Chontal collaborators currently continue with linguistic diversification research and cultural revitalization efforts, with the support of our Mexican partners at the National Institute of Indigenous Languages and the Center for the Study and Development of Indigenous Languages of Oaxaca, and through the LADORES Linguistic Lab at California State University, Los Angeles. In this article we discuss the enduring achievements and challenges of the 'Returning Forgotten Voices' Project, and in particular focus on drawing lessons for similar initiatives in Mexico and beyond.
Parallel photonic chip for nanosecond end-to-end image processing, transmission, and reconstruction
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhou Tiankuang , Fang Lu
Published: May 2024

Image processing, transmission, and reconstruction constitute a major
proportion of information technology. The rapid expansion of
ubiquitous edge devices and data centers has led to substantial
demands on the bandwidth and efficiency of image processing,
transmission, and reconstruction. The frequent conversion of serial
signals between the optical and electrical domains, coupled with the
gradual saturation of electronic processors, has become the bottleneck
of end-to-end machine vision. Here, we present an optical parallel
computational array chip (OPCA chip) for end-to-end processing,
transmission, and reconstruction of optical intensity images. By
proposing constructive and destructive computing modes on the
large-bandwidth resonant optical channels, a parallel computational
model is constructed to implement end-to-end optical neural network
computing. The OPCA chip features a measured response time of
6 ns and an optical bandwidth of at least 160 nm.
Optical image processing can be efficiently executed with minimal
energy consumption and latency, liberated from the need for frequent
optical–electronic and analog–digital conversions. The proposed
optical computational sensor opens the door to extremely high-speed
processing, transmission, and reconstruction of visible contents with
nanoseconds response time and terahertz bandwidth.
The performance of restricted AIC for irregular histogram models
Authors: Gokmen Sahika , Lyhagen Johan
Published: May 2024

Histograms are frequently used to perform a preliminary study of data, such as finding outliers and determining the distribution’s shape. It is common knowledge that choosing an appropriate number of bins is crucial to revealing the right information. It’s also well known that using bins of different widths, which called unequal bin width, is preferable to using bins of equal width if the bin width is selected carefully. However this is a much difficult issue. In this research, a novel approach to AIC for histograms with unequal bin widths was proposed. We demonstrate the advantage of the suggested approach in comparison to others using both extensive Monte Carlo simulations and empirical examples.
Anti-inflammatory role of APRIL by modulating regulatory B cells in antigen-induced arthritis
Authors: Carvalho-Santos Adriana , Ballard Kuhnert Lia Rafaella , Hahne Michael , Vasconcellos Rita , Carvalho-Pinto Carla Eponina , Villa-Verde Déa Maria Serra
Published: May 2024

APRIL (A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand), a member of the TNF superfamily, was initially described for its ability to promote proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. Moreover, this cytokine has been related to the pathogenesis of different chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of APRIL in regulating B cell-mediated immune response in the antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model in mice. AIA was induced in previously immunized APRIL-transgenic (Tg) mice and their littermates by administration of antigen (mBSA) into the knee joints. Different inflammatory cell populations in spleen and draining lymph nodes were analyzed using flow cytometry and the assay was performed in the acute and chronic phases of the disease, while cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA. In the acute AIA, APRIL-Tg mice developed a less severe condition and a smaller inflammatory infiltrate in articular tissues when compared with their littermates. We also observed that the total cellularity of draining lymph nodes was decreased in APRIL-Tg mice. Flow cytometry analysis revealed an increase of CD19+IgM+CD5+ cell population in draining lymph nodes and an increase of CD19+CD21hiCD23hi (B regulatory) cells in APRIL-Tg mice with arthritis as well as an increase of IL-10 and CXCL13 production in vitro.
The importance of variant reinterpretation in inherited cardiovascular diseases: Establishing the optimal timeframe
Authors: Fernandez-Falgueras Anna , Coll Monica , Iglesias Anna , Tiron Coloma , Campuzano Oscar , Brugada Ramon
Published: May 2024

Inherited cardiovascular diseases are rare diseases that are difficult to diagnose by non-expert professionals. Genetic analyses play a key role in the diagnosis of these diseases, in which the identification of a pathogenic genetic variant is often a diagnostic criterion. Therefore, genetic variant classification and routine reinterpretation as data become available represent one of the main challenges associated with genetic analyses. Using the genetic variants identified in an inherited cardiovascular diseases unit during a 10-year period, the objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the impact of genetic variant reinterpretation, 2) to compare the reclassification rates between different cohorts of cardiac channelopathies and cardiomyopathies, and 3) to establish the most appropriate periodicity for genetic variant reinterpretation. All the evaluated cohorts (full cohort of inherited cardiovascular diseases, cardiomyopathies, cardiac channelopathies, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) showed reclassification rates above 25%, showing even higher reclassification rates when there is definitive evidence of the association between the gene and the disease in the cardiac channelopathies. Evaluation of genetic variant reclassification rates based on the year of the initial classification showed that the most appropriate frequency for the reinterpretation would be 2 years, with the possibility of a more frequent reinterpretation if deemed convenient. To keep genetic variant classifications up to date, genetic counsellors play a critical role in the reinterpretation process, providing clinical evidence that genetic diagnostic laboratories often do not have at their disposal and communicating changes in classification and the potential implications of these reclassifications to patients and relatives.
Metabolic Syndrome in people treated with Antipsychotics (RISKMet): A multimethod study protocol investigating genetic, behavioural, and environmental risk factors
Authors: de Girolamo Giovanni , La Cascia Caterina , Macchia Paolo Emidio , Nobile Maria , Calza Stefano , Camillo Laura , Mauri Maddalena , Pozzi Marco , Tripoli Giada , Vetrani Claudia , Caselani Elisa , Magno Marta
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The RISKMet project aims to: (1) identify risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) by comparing patients with and without MetS; (2) characterise patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) about MetS diagnosis; (3) study behavioural patterns, including physical activity (PA) and dietary habits, in patients and healthy individuals using a prospective cohort design.

Method

The RISKMet project investigates MetS in individuals treated with SGAs, focusing on both adult and paediatric populations. The study utilizes a case-control design to examine potential risk factors for MetS, categorizing participants as MetS+ considered as “Cases” and MetS- considered as “Controls” matched by sex and age. The evaluation of factors such as MetS, lifestyle habits, and environmental influences is conducted at two time points, T0 and T3, after 3 months. Subsequently, the project aims to assess body parameters, including physical examinations, and blood, and stool sample collection, to evaluate metabolic markers and the impact of SGAs. The analysis includes pharmacological treatment data and genetic variability. Behavioural markers related to lifestyle, eating behaviour, PA, and mood are assessed at both T0 and T3 using interviews, accelerometers, and a mobile app. The study aims to improve mental and physical well-being in SGA-treated individuals, establish a biobank for MetS research, build an evidence base for physical health programs, and develop preventive strategies for SGA-related comorbidities.

Conclusions

This project innovates MetS monitoring in psychiatry by using intensive digital phenotyping, identifying biochemical markers, assessing familial risks, and including genetically similar healthy controls.

Study registration number

ISRCTN18419418 at www.isrctn.com.
Evaluation of adjective and adverb types for effective Twitter sentiment classification
Authors: Ali Syed Fahad , Masood Nayyer
Published: May 2024

Twitter, the largest microblogging platform, has reported more than 330 million active users in recent years. Many users express their sentiments about politics, sports, products, personalities, etc. Sentiment analysis has emerged as a specialized branch of machine learning in which tweets are binary-classified to provide sentimental insights. A major step in sentiment classification is feature selection, which primarily revolves around parts of speech (POS). Few techniques merely focused on single features such as adjectives, adverbs, and verbs, while other techniques examined types of these features, such as comparative adjectives, superlative adjectives, or general adverbs. Furthermore, POS as linguistic entities have also been studied and extensively classified by researchers, such as CLAWS-C7. For sentiment analysis, none of the studies conceptualized all possible POS features under similar conditions to draw firm conclusion. This research is centered on the following objectives: 1) examining the impact of various types of adjectives and adverbs that have not been previously explored for sentiment classification; 2) analyzing potential combinations of adjectives and adverbs types 3) conducting a comparison with a benchmark dataset for better classification accuracy. To assess the concept, a renowned human annotated dataset of tweets is investigated. Results showed that classification accuracy for adjectives is improved up to 83% based on thegeneral superlative adjectivewhereas for adverbs,comparative general adverbalso depicted significant accuracy improvement. Their combination withgeneral adjectivesandgeneral adverbsalso played a substantial role. The unexplored potential of adjectives and adverb types proved better in accuracy against state-of-the-art probabilistic model. In comparison to lexicon-based model, proposed research model overruled the dependency of lexicon-based dictionary where each term first needs to be matched for semantic orientation. The evident outcomes also help in time reduction aspect where huge volume of data need to be processed swiftly. This noteworthy contribution brought up significant knowledge and direction for domain experts. In the future, the proposed technique will be explored for other types of textual data across different domains.
Protective effect of phospholipids in lipoproteins against diabetic kidney disease: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Li Tongyi , Geng Liangliang , Yang Yunjiao , Liu Guannan , Li Haichen , Long Cong , Chen Qiu
Published: May 2024

Background

The etiology of diabetic kidney disease is complex, and the role of lipoproteins and their lipid components in the development of the disease cannot be ignored. However, phospholipids are an essential component, and no Mendelian randomization studies have yet been conducted to examine potential causal associations between phospholipids and diabetic kidney disease.

Methods

Relevant exposure and outcome datasets were obtained through the GWAS public database. The exposure datasets included various phospholipids, including those in LDL, IDL, VLDL, and HDL. IVW methods were the primary analytical approach. The accuracy of the results was validated by conducting heterogeneity, MR pleiotropy, and F-statistic tests. MR-PRESSO analysis was utilized to identify and exclude outliers.

Results

Phospholipids in intermediate-density lipoprotein (OR: 0.8439; 95% CI: 0.7268–0.9798), phospholipids in large low- density lipoprotein (OR: 0.7913; 95% CI: 0.6703–0.9341), phospholipids in low- density lipoprotein (after removing outliers, OR: 0.788; 95% CI: 0.6698–0.9271), phospholipids in medium low- density lipoprotein (OR: 0.7682; 95% CI: 0.634–0.931), and phospholipids in small low-density lipoprotein (after removing outliers, OR: 0.8044; 95% CI: 0.6952–0.9309) were found to be protective factors.

Conclusions

This study found that a higher proportion of phospholipids in intermediate-density lipoprotein and the various subfractions of low-density lipoprotein, including large LDL, medium LDL, and small LDL, is associated with a lower risk of developing diabetic kidney disease.
Anastasia als Brückenspektrum zwischen extremer Rechter und alternativen Milieus
Authors: Beyer Manuela
Published: May 2024

Manuela Beyers Beitrag untersucht Deutungs- und Argumentationsmuster der deutschen Anastasia-Szene, basierend auf der empirischen Analyse unterschiedlicher Daten, u.a. Interviews mit Protagonist:innen. Die Autorin beschreibt Anastasia als eine politisch heterogene Szene, deren Spektrum von rechtsextremen Protagonist:innen bis hin zu politisch Gemäßigten reicht. Gerade die gemäßigten Protagonist:innen tragen durch 1) Konstruktionen des Unpolitischen, 2) die Einforderung von Toleranz und 3) ein emotionales Regime des Positiven dazu bei, Anastasia diskursiv und personell mit alternativen, ökologischen und spirituellen Szenen auf dem Land zu verknüpfen. Daher plädiert der Beitrag dafür, die Anastasia-Szene als ein Brückenspektrum zwischen neurechten und unterschiedlichen alternativen Milieus zu begreifen.
Assembling Bits and Pieces
Authors: Odierna Beatrice
Published: May 2024

In this article, Beatrice Odierna traces how patchwork became not only a private interest and creative activity, but also a methodological point of reference and subsequently a research lens during her fieldwork with women adressed as refugees in Germany (2020-22). Referring to the metaphorical use of patchwork in both feminist literature research and social anthropology, the article points us to similarities between patchwork and ethnography. Finally, a broader understanding of patchwork ethnography is suggested, emphasizing the role of research partners as 'co-weavers' of anthropological knowledge.
The Travelling Carpet
Authors: Rippa Alessandro
Published: May 2024

This chapter builds on ethnographic research with and among carpet dealers in Islamabad and Kashgar and aims to recount the little-known story of Xinjiang carpets from Khotan, as these have travelled between China, northern Pakistan and Afghanistan since the opening of the Karakoram Highway in the 1980s. As cross-border relations grew with the opening of the road, Pakistani carpet collectors and traders began looking for old Khotanese carpets. These collectors, besides selling such antiques on the well-known Islamabad carpet markets, brought Khotanese designs to carpet-makers in Afghanistan. From there, newly made carpets in the Khotanese style travelled back to Xinjiang, where they are now sold to tourists and collectors alike as a local, traditional product. Through this story, I show how Khotanese carpets have become both a symbol of local identity and an example of the transnational mobility of goods and capital - and how the Karakoram Highway features prominently in these narratives. I conclude by discussing how travelling Khotanese carpets can contribute to ongoing ethnographic studies of roads and by reflecting on the value of multi-sided ethnography.
Family 'Opening' the Field
Authors: Tahir Menahil
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, Menahil Tahir discusses the role of her family, particularly her parents, in her ethnographic study. This text attempts to unravel not only how they were the means to exploring and understanding the field but also how the field shaped and reshaped itself owing to their presence. Through this reflexive account, she elaborates on how this co-construction of the field opened up new ethnographic possibilities. From facilitating her in navigating the field to filling in the 'visual' gap by providing verbal descriptions, her family played multifarious roles. In her concluding remarks, she draws the essence of problematising the limits of fieldwork when family became a part thereof.
Intimate Suspects
Authors: Schild Pascale
Published: May 2024

Uncertain and intimidating encounters with state surveillance are not merely scary interruptions or, at best, annoying sideshows to anthropological research. Rather, as anthropologists we need to think through such encounters to deepen our understanding of political power relations and how they shape not only our interlocutors' lives, but also our own positionality and practices as researchers. Using my own example as a woman researcher in the 'disputed territory' of Pakistan-controlled Kashmir, this chapter traces the ambivalent and intimate workings of mistrust and suspicion in the everyday relationships and interactions between the anthropologist and her 'shadows'. It shows how they become intimate suspects, related through political intimacies of everyday life as well as intimate politics of mistrust and enmity entrenched in Pakistan's military nationalism.
Temporäre Architekturen
Authors: Klitzke Katrin
Published: May 2024

Wie können zeitgenössische temporäre Architekturen partizipativ gestaltet werden? Katrin Klitzke beantwortet diese Frage exemplarisch anhand einer Analyse des Theaterprojekts »Eichbaumoper« der Architektengruppe »raumlaborberlin«. Die »Eichbaumoper«, welche in Kooperation mit drei Theaterhäusern entstand, sollte durch die Einbeziehung kommunaler Jugendarbeit und eines öffentlich angelegten Prozesses des Bauens und Gestaltens als eine architektonische Intervention realisiert werden. Inwieweit Architekt*innen die Aspekte des Partizipativen und Politischen umsetzten und ihre Architekturen am globalisierten Markt positionierten, steht im Zentrum des Interesses. Es wird deutlich: Temporäre Räume lassen sich gestalten und planen - dabei sind Reibungen und Interessenskonflikte immanent.
Wege aus dem Dunkel des Krieges?
Authors: Mautner Josef P.
Published: May 2024

Josef P. Mautner charakterisiert zunächst einige ausgewählte Problemfelder in der ästhetischen Wahrnehmung von Krieg und Frieden, die von grundlegenden Ambivalenzen und Widersprüchen geprägt ist. In einem zweiten Schritt problematisiert er die Verzerrungen der Objektwahrnehmung in Kriegs- und Gewaltsituationen, die teilweise strategisch gewollt, teilweise strukturbedingt sind. Über diese Zerrformen der Objektwahrnehmung hinaus diskutiert der Beitrag in einem dritten Schritt lineare, distinktionsfeindliche Erzählungen in den Wahrheitsdiskursen rund um Krieg und Frieden. Abschließend werden Möglichkeiten einer schrittweisen Annäherung an eine Ästhetik des Friedens vorgestellt.
Der Krieg gegen die Ukraine
Authors: Fischer Martina
Published: May 2024

Im Februar 2022 entschied sich die russische Regierung für einen völkerrechtswidrigen Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine. Mehr als 9.000 ukrainische ZivilistInnen wurden seither getötet, und Schätzungen zu getöteten Soldaten auf beiden Seiten gehen in die Hunderttausende. Noch immer gibt es wenig Anlass zur Hoffnung, dass dieser Krieg in absehbarer zeit zu einem Ende kommt. Ohne Zweifel hat die Ukraine ein Recht auf Selbstverteidigung. Gleichwohl ist die Frage, wie sie unterstützt werden sollte, aus christlicher Sicht mit einer Reihe friedensethischer Fragen und Dilemmata behaftet. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einige davon und fragt nach den weitergehenden Implikationen für die christliche Friedensethik. Eine wichtige Frage besteht darin, unter welchen Bedingungen Verhandlungen angedacht und erfolgversprechende vorbereitet werden können. Eine andere Frage ist: Wie könnte eine zukünftige europäische Sicherheitsordnung aussehen? Wenn man bedenkt, dass wichtige globale Herausforderungen und Bedrohungen (wie z.B. die Klimakrise und ein drohender neue atomarer Rüstungswettlauf) nur in der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Staaten (statt in Konfrontation) bearbeitet werden können, muss das Konzept der kooperativen Sicherheit wiederbelebt und weiter entwickelt werden. Zudem braucht es neue und inklusivere Foren und Institutionen, in denen die Interessen und Sichtweisen von Ländern (Regierungen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren) aus dem Globalen Süden Berücksichtigung finden.
Verwenden Menschen und Automaten die gleiche Sprache?
Authors: Schönhoff Judith
Published: May 2024

Judith Schönhoffs Beitrag widmet sich unter einer komparatistischen Perspektive der Frage nach der differentia von Mensch und Maschine bzw. Mensch und Automat in der westlich-europäischen Literatur seit der Antike. Schon die antiken Kulturen versuchten etwas zu erschaffen, dass das menschliche oder auch tierische Leben imitiert: die Automaten. Waren die realen mechanischen Geschöpfe zu dieser Zeit noch eindeutig als nicht lebendig zu erkennen, wurde dieses Manko in der Literatur jedoch ausgeglichen und die Maschinen, als handelnde und vor allem sprechende Wesen, jenseits ihrer technischen Realisierbarkeit beschrieben. Sprache war bis zum 19. Jahrhundert das entscheidende Merkmal, das die Menschenähnlichkeit der Maschine markiert.
Tränen im Orbit: Referenzialität und Geschlecht in der graphischen Notation Voyage de la larme (de crocodile) von Tona Scherchen
Authors: Finke Gesa
Published: May 2024

In graphischer Notation begegnet die Notenschrift auf besondere Weise dem Bild, womit sie den Komponist_innen Möglichkeiten eröffnet, Genderaspekte in die Notation einzubinden. Die Komposition Voyage de la larme (de crocodile) von Tona Scherchen aus dem Jahr 1977 ist dafür ein prägnantes Beispiel. Auf Basis des Konzepts der Schriftbildlichkeit von Sybille Krämer und der Bildgebung von Sigrid Weigel lässt sich zeigen, dass Scherchen erstens in humorvoller Weise auf die Träne als Pathosformel und damit auf die Bildtradition der weinenden Frau rekurriert. Zweitens sind Referenzen zu den Voyagermissionen in der Komposition festzustellen. Scherchen stellt dabei die Kreisbewegung musikalisch wie bildlich ins Zentrum, womit sich die Frage eröffnet, inwiefern diese als eine spezifisch weibliche Zeiterfahrung zu interpretieren ist. Der Beitrag stellt damit grundsätzlichere Überlegungen an zur Bedeutung von Geschlechtercodierungen in graphischer Notationen.
Geschlechterperformanz in der Partitur
Authors: Freund Julia
Published: May 2024

Julia Freund betrachtet in dem Beitrag die Partitur zu Sylvano Bussottis Oper Lorenzaccio (1968-72), in die der multidisziplinär arbeitende Komponist Kostüm- und Bühnenbildentwürfe direkt neben, um und mitten in die konventionell notierten Notensysteme eingezeichnet hat. Dabei zeigen die Entwürfe erotisierte männliche Körperbilder und spielen auf Formen nicht-heteronormativen Begehrens an. In einer argumentativen Verschränkung schrifttheoretischer, ästhetischer und gendertheoretischer Gesichtspunkte weist Freund die Partitur als visuellen Handlungsraum für Genderperformanzen aus - und zwar kraft des medialen Potenzials der Inskriptionsfläche, Symbolisches und Bildliches zu integrieren. Die Einzeichnungen, die zu dem Phänomen einer ,unterbrochenen Schrift' führen, werden schließlich vor dem Hintergrund der mangelnden gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz von Homosexualität im Italien der späten 1960er Jahre soziopolitisch und historisch kontextualisiert.
Notation als Neutrum
Authors: Nanni Matteo
Published: May 2024

Mein Nachdenken über das Verhältnis von musikalischer Schrift und Gender nimmt Ausgang von der Frage nach der Relation von Sprach-Schrift und Geschlecht. Denn, so meine These, die Relevanz von Notation für den Genderdiskurs ergibt sich gerade in deren spezifischer Differenz, ja sogar in deren Absetzung von den genderspezifischen Mechanismen, die dem Schreiben zugrunde liegen. In diesem Vortrag möchte die Trias Schrift, Notation und Gender, nicht im Hinblick auf Diskurse reflektieren, die der jeweiligen visuellen Medialität extern sind - wie etwa die geschlechtsspezifische Kontexte des Schreibens, den Schriftzugang, die Alphabetisierung oder die soziale Zugehörigkeit der Schreiber:innen -, sondern aus einer Perspektive, die schriftimmanent ist. Mit anderen Worten möchte ich die spezifische Differenz von Schrift und Notation im Hinblick auf das Paradigma des Geschlechts näher bedenken. Im Anschluss an Roland Barthes Begriff des Neutrums, als das, "was das Paradigma unterläuft", möchte ich die musikalische Schrift als ist eine Figur des "Neutrums" reflektieren.
Visualizing Utopia - The Trojan Horses of the Bishan Commune
Authors: Frederiksen Mai Corlin
Published: May 2024

Mai Corlin Frederiksen focuses on the rural anarchist utopian commune that was founded by artist Ou Ning and existed in China between 2010 and 2016. The contribution not only dives into questions of rural-urban relations and utopian communities in a wider authoritarian context, but also investigates the aesthetic representations the Bishan project chose for itself.
From Solidarity to Anti-Capitalist Organizing - Globalizing Other Politics from Below and to the Left
Authors: Durán Matute Inés , Moreno Rocío
Published: May 2024

Inés Durán Matute's and Rocío Moreno's contribution presents the organizational principles of the indigenous anarchists of the Zapatista. It also highlights the unique "journey for life," whereby Zapatista representatives set out to visit four continents looking not for differences, but for what makes us equal; to listen, learn, thank and embrace the resistances that are fighting for life. In a performative inversion of the colonial conquest, the Zapatista delegations landed in Europe as a first stop. They met countless collectives, revived and created new ties of solidarity. The Zapatista's quest for a global network of solidarity is still ongoing,
The Distributed Vertical Border
Authors: Ceñal Murga Pedro
Published: May 2024

Pedro Ceñal Murga's contribution is a story of subverting authoritarian violence into a tool of resistance. In 2020, a shipment containing models for an exhibition in Germany is held up in Memphis, Tennessee. The artworks, that represent the spatial experiences of undocumented migrants navigating the Mexico-US border, arrive delayed. The box is intact, but shows signs of breaking into. The models have been stepped onto, willfully destroyed, and stolen. But, instead of giving up the exhibition, Murga decides to exhibit the destroyed models, documenting violence and authoritarian fragility, alongside photos of their original state.
Marielle Franco Street Transcending Boundaries
Authors: Franco Anielle , Costa Luna , Decothé Marcelle , Rezende Rafael
Published: May 2024

In 2018, the progressive city councillor Marielle Franco was shot dead in a politically motivated attack. In the aftermath, the Brazilian right-wing tried to destroy her political project by initiating an aggressive strategy of misinformation on social media, even justifying her murder. But through a guerrilla campaign that involved self-produced street signs, human mosaics and online activism, Marielle's family, friends and other activists managed not only to fend of this authoritarian but to strengthen and institutionalize Marielle's politics, but to turn her into a symbol of resistance radiating beyond the borders of Brazil. This is the story of their campaign.
World Construction via Networking
Authors: Hansen Christopher Joseph
Published: May 2024

With the mainstream's growing acceptance of worlds and storytelling spread among several different texts - e.g., films, television series, novels, and comics - this pioneering study employs a multidisciplinary approach combining transmediality, network theory, and narratology to analyze the narrative network of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. In this analysis, Christopher Hansen thoroughly examines storytelling techniques while providing a fresh theoretical framework to develop a structural model for interconnected narratives. He redefines our understanding of narrative dynamics in one of the most successful cinematic franchises of all time.
Social-Media und Museum
Authors: Ullrich Sarah Maria
Published: May 2024

Was passiert, wenn Besucher*innen von Kunstmuseen die Exponate der Ausstellungsräume fotografieren und die bildlichen Aufnahmen auf Social-Media-Plattformen neu kontextualisieren? Sarah Maria Ullrich zeigt anhand dichter ethnografischer Beschreibungen, dass diese vermeintlich banalen Praktiken im Kern eines vielschichtigen Spannungsfelds stehen, in dem sich nichts weniger als die Frage verhandelt, wie digitale Medien die moderne Museumserfahrung verändern. Sie illustriert, wie mediale Visualisierungstechniken als neue Formen des Widerstands im Kontext gesellschaftspolitischer Aushandlungsprozesse fungieren und damit nicht zuletzt auch die Deutungshoheit etablierter musealer Institutionen ins Wanken bringen.
Von den Rändern sprechen
Authors: Behrendt Hauke
Published: May 2024

Hauke Behrendt skizziert in diesem Beitrag eine sozialphilosophische Perspektive auf Inklusion und Teilhabe, die ein umfassendes, gesellschaftstheoretisch informiertes Verständnis ihrer Grenzen ermöglicht. Seine These lautet, dass im Rahmen einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit den Mechanismen und Dynamiken von gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe und sozialer Exklusion eine aufgeklärte Inklusionsforschung gleichzeitig Medium und (selbstreferenzieller) Gegenstand sein muss. Dabei ist es entscheidend, dass sie a) die empirisch gegebenen gesellschaftlichen Grenzen sozialer Inklusion problematisiert und dabei b) ihre eigenen diskursiven Grenzziehungen rekursiv mitdenkt sowie ihre praktischen Implikationen kritisch infrage stellt. Der theoretische Hintergrund dieser Analyse wird von praxistheoretischen Überlegungen gebildet, die einen besonders inklusiven Charakter aufweisen.
Grenzen und Grenzziehungen - Geschlechterkonstruktionen
Authors: Rendtorff Barbara
Published: May 2024

Barbara Rendtorff diskutiert in diesem Beitrag verschiedene Begrundungen für spezifische Zuordnungsverhaltnisse des Weiblichen zum androzentrisch konzipierten Allgemeinen. Es sollen Logiken der Grenzziehung, des Umgangs mit Begrenzungen und ihre Bedeutung am Beispiel der Kategorie Geschlecht erortert werden, um nachzuvollziehen, mit welcher Art von Grenzen und Grenzbehauptungen wir es hier zu tun haben. In diesem Kontext ware dann auch zu fragen, ob die haufig verwendete Charakterisierung geschlechterbezogener Formen von Grenzsetzungen, Aus- und Abgrenzungen als binare Kategorisierungs- und Markierungsprozesse das Problem tatsachlich uberzeugend fassen kann, oder ob diese Beschreibung selbst schon unterkomplex ist.
Leitmotifs in Life Stories
Authors: Bullik Ramona
Published: May 2024

Faith Development Interviews offer great insight into people's ways of (non-)religious meaning-making, and of looking at their life and relationships. Ramona Bullik portrays nine longitudinal case studies in a mixed-methods design with narrative analysis granting insight into the developments and stabilities in the interviews. The focus on religious married couples allows to carve out the role of faith and the changing view on the spouse and the joint life. The portraits of three non-religious women show how meaning is made outside the frame of organized religion. Individual survey data are put into relation with a larger sample, answering the claim for idiothetic research.
The Prize of Success
Authors: Berthod Jonas
Published: May 2024

In the small world of Swiss graphic design, prizes such as the Swiss Design Awards (SDA) are followed closely. The winners' works are admired, envied and emulated. The generous prize money allows designers to launch their careers and focus on lesser paid but critically recognised work. Awards thus play the role of bellwethers of the scene. However, criticisms inevitably arise. Speaking in hushed tones, designers speculate as to why a colleague won over another. Rumours have it that jury members favour their inner circles and exclude competitors. Analysing this universe in detail, Jonas Berthod retraces the recent history of the SDA and the emergence of a new design culture in Switzerland.
Des Kaisers Gouverneure
Authors: Kilian Jürgen
Published: May 2024

Als »Stellvertreter des Kaisers« standen die Gouverneure an der Spitze der kolonialen Verwaltungsapparate in Afrika und Ozeanien. Sie waren somit eine der wichtigsten Akteursgruppen bei der Konsolidierung der europäischen Herrschaft und der Realisierung imperialer Zielsetzungen. Jürgen Kilian nimmt 25 Gouverneure im Rahmen eines kollektivbiographischen Ansatzes in den Blick. Dabei untersucht er ihre während der Sozialisation im Kaiserreich erzeugten Denkweisen und Handlungsdispositionen, ihre Deutungsmuster angesichts der Landschaften und Menschen in den Kolonien sowie die Bandbreite gouvernementaler Herrschaftspraktiken im Kontext von kolonialer Staatlichkeit - ein einzigartiger Einblick in die Elite der deutschen Kolonialverwaltung.
Interventional diagnosis and treatment methods of discogenic and musculoskeletal low back pain
Authors: Ptashnikov D. A. , Volkov I. V. , Lim E. N. , Normatov S. G. , Chan Su Lee
Published: May 2024

Low back pain (lumbar pain) is one of the most common causes of disability in the population. In cases where conservative treatment of discogenic or musculoskeletal low back pain does not have a positive effect, interventional methods of diagnosis and treatment are used, which are developing actively on the background of rapid technological progress. Being on the border of interdisciplinary interaction, interventional methods can significantly shorten the duration of conservative therapy and, in many cases, avoid surgical decompressive interventions, which are associated with a considerable risk of complications. The methods, efficacy and safety of epidural administration of glucocorticoids for discogenic radiculopathy and lumbar stenosis as well as the methods of radiofrequency denervation for musculoskeletal pain due to the facet joints and the sacroiliac joint involvement are discussed. The possibilities of drug therapy for musculoskeletal pain of the lumbar spine, and combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a vitamin B complex, are discussed.
Effects of rehabilitation on functional independence in daily life, exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pekhova Ya. G. , Martynov M. Yu. , Belayeva I. A. , Ryabov A. S. , Vershinin A. A. , Boiko A. N.
Published: May 2024

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive rehabilitation program on functional independence in daily life, exercise tolerance and quality of life (QoL) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in remission.Material and methods. 38 patients with RRMS were analyzed (33 women and 5 men; age – 41.6±7.7 years; EDSS – 4.0 [3.5; 5.0] points, duration of MS – 8.0 [3.0; 21.0] years). The patients received comprehensive rehabilitation in a hospital for 2.5 weeks. The examination was carried out before and after the rehabilitation program. Independence in daily activities was assessed using the Functional Independence Scale, the Get Up and Go Test and the Berg Balance Scale. Exercise tolerance was determined using a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a cycle ergometer. The following parameters were measured: oxygen consumption during exercise (VO2 peak oxygen uptake), percentage from the predicted VO2 peak (% pred VO2 peak) and maximal workload in metabolic units (MET). Walking speed was measured according to the Davis protocol in the SMART-D laboratory (Italy). QoL was determined using the SF-36 questionnaire, which assesses physical functioning (PF), general health (GH), vital activity (VT) and social functioning (SF). Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Scale (MoCA) and depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results. After completion of the rehabilitation course, there was a significant increase in VO2 peak (from 18.8±3.8 to 20.4±4.3 ml/kg/min), % pred VO2 peak (from 59±13 to 63±14%), maximal workload (from 5.4±1.2 to 5.8±1.2 MET), maximal heart rate (from 140±14 to 147±13) and walking speed (from 0.84±0.29 to 0.97±0.28 m/s). At the same time, despite an improvement the patients did not reach the age- and gender adjusted reference values for exercise tolerance. QoL indicators also increased, reaching or exceeding the populational values obtained for the Russian population: PF – from 45 to 52.2; GH – from 51 to 52; VT – from 45 to 50; SF – from 62.5 to 75. The number of points on the BDI also decreased significantly (from 9 to 6), and the increase on the MoCA scale had tendency to significant difference (p=0.064). Conclusion. A comprehensive rehabilitation program in patients with RRMS in remission helps to increase exercise tolerance and improve functional independence and QoL.
Functional anatomy of the limbic system structures involved in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder: analysis of anatomical and clinical studies
Authors: Nikolenko V. N. , Osadchiy A. S. , Lobanova A. K. , Isakova T. A. , Zharov N. A. , Zharova N. V.
Published: May 2024

We present an analysis of anatomical and clinical studies investigating the morphological and functional characteristics of various structures of the limbic system involved in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Understanding the structural organization and functional interactions of this system will provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying PTSD. The results of various morphological and clinical studies are considered, including information on the architecture and interconnections of the structures of the limbic system and their alteration by traumatic events. The generalized results provide new data on the role of the individual structures of the limbic system in the development of PTSD, enabling more accurate prediction of the development of PTSD and prompt appropriate measures to alleviate the course of this disorder
Vitrinite Reflectance Suppression Revisited
Authors: Mastalerz Maria , Beckham-Feller Valerie , S. B. Douds Ashley , Hasenmueller Nancy , Liu Bei , Sternbach Charles , Wilhite Brian
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of vitrinite reflectance (VRo) suppression in the Devonian-Lower Mississippian New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin, USA. Thirty-two samples from Indiana and Illinois were analyzed using organic petrography (vitrinite reflectance measurements and maceral analyses) and organic geochemistry (Rock-Eval and biomarkers) techniques. Based on VRo variations, we suggest that vitrinite reflectance suppression occurs in both locations. This conclusion is supported by vitrinite reflectance equivalent values obtained from biomarker ratios. The study documents strong negative relationships between alginite and alginite + solid bitumen content and measured VRo values, suggesting that the contribution of these macerals can be used to determine the correction to measured VRo values. No relationship between VRo and Rock-Eval Tmax was revealed. Still, a positive correlation was found between alginite and alginite + solid bitumen content versus the hydrogen index (HI), further emphasizing the role of maceral composition in assessing the thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential of the New Albany Shale.