bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting spike glycans to inhibit SARS-CoV2 viral entry
Authors: Guseman Alex J. , Rennick Linda J. , Nambulli Sham , Roy Chandra N. , Martinez David R. , Yang Darian T. , Bhinderwala Fatema , Vergara Sandra , Schaefer Alexandra , Baric Ralph S. , Ambrose Zandrea , Duprex W. Paul , Gronenborn Angela M.
Published: September 2023

SARS-CoV-2 spike harbors glycans which function as ligands for lectins. Therefore, it should be possible to exploit lectins to target SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit cellular entry by binding glycans on the spike protein.
Burkholderia oklahomensis
agglutinin (BOA) is an antiviral lectin that interacts with viral glycoproteins via N-linked high mannose glycans. Here, we show that BOA binds to the spike protein and is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry at nanomolar concentrations. Using a variety of biophysical approaches, we demonstrate that the interaction is avidity driven and that BOA cross-links the spike protein into soluble aggregates. Furthermore, using virus neutralization assays, we demonstrate that BOA effectively inhibits all tested variants of concern as well as SARS-CoV 2003, establishing that multivalent glycan-targeting molecules have the potential to act as pan-coronavirus inhibitors.
Low-grade wind-driven directional flow in anchored droplets
Authors: Peng Shan , Xie Binglin , Wang Yanlei , Wang Mi , Chen Xiaoxin , Ji Xiaoyu , Zhao Chenyang , Lu Gang , Wang Dianyu , Hao Ruiran , Wang Mingzhan , Hu Nan , He Hongyan , Ding Yulong , Zheng Shuang
Published: September 2023

Low-grade wind with airspeed
V
wind
< 5 m/s, while distributed far more abundantly, is still challenging to extract because current turbine-based technologies require particular geography (e.g., wide-open land or off-shore regions) with year-round
V
wind
> 5 m/s to effectively rotate the blades. Here, we report that low-speed airflow can sensitively enable directional flow within nanowire-anchored ionic liquid (IL) drops. Specifically, wind-induced air/liquid friction continuously raises directional leeward fluid transport in the upper portion, whereas three-phase contact line (TCL) pinning blocks further movement of IL. To remove excessive accumulation of IL near TCL, fluid dives, and headwind flow forms in the lower portion, as confirmed by microscope observation. Such stratified circulating flow within single drop can generate voltage output up to ~0.84 V, which we further scale up to ~60 V using drop “wind farms”. Our results demonstrate a technology to tap the widespread low-grade wind as a reliable energy resource.
An inference model gives insights into innate immune adaptation and repertoire diversity
Authors: Qin Yawei , Mace Emily M. , Barton John P.
Published: September 2023

The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against infection. Natural killer (NK) cells, a vital part of the innate immune system, help to control infection and eliminate cancer. Studies have identified a vast array of receptors that NK cells use to discriminate between healthy and unhealthy cells. However, at present, it is difficult to explain how NK cells will respond to novel stimuli in different environments. In addition, the expression of different receptors on individual NK cells is highly stochastic, but the reason for these variegated expression patterns is unclear. Here, we studied the recognition of unhealthy target cells as an inference problem, where NK cells must distinguish between healthy targets with normal variability in ligand expression and ones that are clear “outliers.” Our mathematical model fits well with experimental data, including NK cells’ adaptation to changing environments and responses to different target cells. Furthermore, we find that stochastic, “sparse” receptor expression profiles are best able to detect a variety of possible threats, in agreement with experimental studies of the NK cell repertoire. While our study was specifically motivated by NK cells, our model is general and could also apply more broadly to explain principles of target recognition for other immune cell types.
PDZ scaffolds regulate extracellular vesicle production, composition, and uptake
Authors: Castro-Cruz Monica , Hyka Lukas , Daaboul George , Leblanc Raphael , Meeussen Sofie , Lembo Frédérique , Oris Anouk , Van Herck Lore , Granjeaud Samuel , David Guido , Zimmermann Pascale
Published: September 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-limited organelles mediating cell-to-cell communication in health and disease. EVs are of high medical interest, but their rational use for diagnostics or therapies is restricted by our limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing EV biology. Here, we tested whether PDZ proteins, molecular scaffolds that support the formation, transport, and function of signal transduction complexes and that coevolved with multicellularity, may represent important EV regulators. We reveal that the PDZ proteome (
ca.
150 proteins in human) establishes a discrete number of direct interactions with the tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81, well-known EV constituents. Strikingly, PDZ proteins interact more extensively with syndecans (SDCs), ubiquitous membrane proteins for which we previously demonstrated an important role in EV biogenesis, loading, and turnover. Nine PDZ proteins were tested in loss-of-function studies. We document that these PDZ proteins regulate both tetraspanins and SDCs, differentially affecting their steady-state levels, subcellular localizations, metabolism, endosomal budding, and accumulations in EVs. Importantly, we also show that PDZ proteins control the levels of heparan sulfate at the cell surface that functions in EV capture. In conclusion, our study establishes that the extensive networking of SDCs, tetraspanins, and PDZ proteins contributes to EV heterogeneity and turnover, highlighting an important piece of the molecular framework governing intracellular trafficking and intercellular communication.
On a class of bimodal oscillations powered by a steady, zero-frequency force—Implications to energy conversion and structural stability
Authors: Yariv Amnon Zalman
Published: September 2023

I propose that there exists in natural and artificial environments a class of resonant oscillations that can be excited directly by a steady, zero-frequency force such as that of wind, water, electric field. A member of this class comprises two normally independent oscillating modes of a system, for example, a building or bridge, which, separately, cannot be driven by a zero-frequency force. Agreeing on terms of collaboration, the two modes engage in a joint oscillation powered by the steady zero-frequency force in which they drive each other, one directly and the other parametrically. I observed a bimodal vibration belonging to this class in a home shower where the two modes are the pendulum excursion and the torsional twisting of a freely suspended showerhead which break into a joint oscillation above a threshold value of the water flow rate. I advance a theoretical model which predicts and explains the main features of the observations. The model constitutes an extension to two modes of a proposal and demonstration in 1883 by Lord Rayleigh and Michael Faraday for the excitation of a single resonant mode by modulating a system parameter at twice the resonance frequency. The proposal is credited with the launching of parametric physics. The Experiments section of this report consists of three linked video clips photographed in the home shower which support the basic theoretical assumptions. The ubiquity of zero-frequency forces, such as that of wind, and their direct conversion to alternating on-resonance system vibrations endows the class with an amplified destructive potential with implications for structural stability.
Translating living pictures
Authors: Widhe Olle
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyzes the first known photographic picturebook for children published in Swedish, En barndomsdag.
Sex bilder ur verkligheten (A childhood day. Six pictures from reality, 1879, original Ein Tag aus dem Kinderleben.
Scenen nach dem Leben componirt, 1877) by M. Scherer and H. Engler. The photographic images in collotype were accompanied
by a lyrical translation written by the well-established Fenno-Swedish author Zacharias Topelius, reassuring a success on the
Swedish-speaking book market. The overarching aim of the chapter is to analyze the book’s visual and verbal interplay in light of the
intermedial context surrounding its publication, as En barndomsdag not only was set to music and played both in
Sweden and Finland, but also adopted into a theatrical performance in six tableaux, presenting a child’s life on stage accompanied by
songs. This chapter therefore considers the interplay between the visual and verbal in En barndomsdag in its
historical context and examines translation as an ekphrasis practice with ideological and aesthetical implications.
As ‘objectively’ as possible.
On truth and objectivity in photographic early-concept books
Authors: Meibauer Jörg
Published: September 2023

Photographic picturebooks appear to have a special relationship to reality. In contrast to paintings and drawings, photos
are often said to convey true and objective information about the world. Drawing on recent work in picture theory and the philosophy
of pictures, the question is posed as to what extent this general picture is correct. This chapter contributes to the theoretical
debate by analyzing The First Picture Book (1930) by Mary Steichen Calderone and Edward Steichen (phot.), viewed as a
photographic archetype. Moreover, the differences to The Second Picture Book (1931) by the same authors are worked out. The main thesis of this chapter is that photographic early-concept
books serve the purpose of implicitly teaching children about the representational nature of pictures. This is the basis for
children’s understanding of picturebooks in general.
“A successful photograph is worth as much as a story”
Authors: Campagnaro Marnie
Published: September 2023

Bruno Munari was an Italian artist, graphic designer, and illustrator who combined art and design to great effect in his
visual art and books. During his long, interdisciplinary career, Munari experimented with many artistic possibilities: painting,
illustration, sculpture, design, graphics, teaching, poetry, and writing. He also cultivated a peculiar relationship with photography.
This chapter investigates photography’s influence on Munari’s poetics, from Futurism and other Avant-garde movements to the Bauhaus
and László Moholy-Nagy’s work, graphic design experimentation, and collaborations with photographers. His multifaceted approach can be
investigated through two editorial project typologies: photocollage and photographic picturebooks. What is discussed is how historic,
artistic, and cultural photography influenced his children’s works and to what extent photographic experimentation affected Munari’s
creativity and aesthetics in his original books.
Portrait of the child as a socialist
Authors: Kümmerling-Meibauer Bettina , Meibauer Jörg
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on portraits of children in three photographic picturebooks from the German Democratic Republic
(GDR). While these picturebooks draw largely on modernist photography in the postwar period, they also react sensitively to
ideological demands from the official state authorities. To demonstrate this influence, this chapter exemplifies that these photobooks
represent different aesthetic and ideological strategies. While Bullermax (1964) by Edith Rimkus and Horst Beseler is an exemplar of a poetic strategy and Matti im Wald (Matti in the
Forest, 1966) by the same couple represents a realistic strategy, Kleiner Bruder
Staunemann (Little Brother Marveling Man, 1966) by Hans Hüttner and Lotti Ortner
stands for a propagandistic strategy. The chapter analyzes the inherent socialist values of the three books by stressing the idea of
the curious socialist child and the effects of montage.
Socio-economic inequalities of families and their differential impact on types of political participation in the new generation of 24 countries (Desigualdades socio-económicas familiares y su impacto diferencial sobre tipos de participación política de nuevas generaciones en 24 países)
Authors: Miranda Daniel
Published: September 2023

Equal participation of all citizens in the public space is a fundamental principle of democracy. However, empirical evidence gathered over several decades has consistently demonstrated that unequal resources leads to unequal participation, even in youth, indicating that the principle is far from being fulfilled. Nevertheless, how different socioeconomic resources relate to different participation types and the socialization mechanism still need attention. This paper aims to evaluate both aspects, using a representative sample of 93,000 students from the 24 countries that participated in the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2016. Multilevel estimations demonstrate that socioeconomic gaps are replicated in formal citizen participation. However, differentiated patterns are observed when other forms of participation, such as community participation and activism, are considered. Additionally, results showed important differences in the mechanisms of socialization. The paper discusses the implications of considering different aspects of socioeconomic background, types of participation and their socialization mechanisms that can lead to the development of political inequality.
Explicit formulae for surface gravities in stationary circular axi-symmetric spacetimes
Authors: Baines Joshua , Visser Matt
Published: September 2023

Using minimalist assumptions we develop a natural functional decomposition for the spacetime metric, and explicit tractable formulae for the surface gravities, in arbitrary stationary circular (PT symmetric) axisymmetric spacetimes. We relate rigidity results, (the existence of a Killing horizon), and the zeroth law to the absence of curvature singularities at the would-be horizons. These observations are of interest to both observational astrophysicists (modelling the cold, dark, heavy objects at the center of most spiral galaxies), and to the analogue spacetime community, (wherein the presence of naked singularities is not necessarily deprecated, and the occurrence of non-Killing horizons is relatively common).
Evaluation of radiation dose and image quality for dental cone-beam computed tomography in pediatric patients
Authors: Ito Misaki , Chida Koichi , Onodera Shu , Kojima Ikuho , Iikubo Masahiro , Kato Toshiki , Fujisawa Masaki , Zuguchi Masayuki
Published: September 2023

Children are sensitive to radiation; therefore, it is necessary to reduce radiation dose as much as possible in pediatric patients. In addition, it is crucial to investigate the optimal imaging conditions as they considerably affect the radiation dose. In this study, we investigated the effect of different imaging conditions on image quality and optimized the imaging conditions for dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations to diagnose ectopic eruptions and impacted teeth in children. To achieve our aims, we evaluated radiation doses and subjective and objective image quality. The CBCT scans were performed using 3D Accuitomo F17. All combinations of a tube voltage (90 kV), tube currents (1, 2, 3 mA), fields of view (FOVs) (4 × 4, 6 × 6 cm), and rotation angles (360°, 180°) were used. Dose-area product values were measured. SedentexCT IQ cylindrical phantom was used to physically evaluate the image quality. We used the modulation transfer function as an index of resolution, the noise power spectrum as an index of noise characteristics, and the system performance function as an overall evaluation index of the image. Five dentists visually evaluated the images from the head-neck phantom. The results showed that the image quality tended to worsen, and scores for visual evaluation decreased as tube currents, FOVs and rotation angles decreased. In particular, image noise negatively affected the delineation of the periodontal ligament space. The optimal imaging conditions were 90 kV, 2 mA, 4 × 4 cm FOV and 180° rotation. These results suggest that CBCT radiation doses can be significantly reduced by optimizing the imaging conditions.
Label-free long-range detection of prostate cancer biomarkers based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Lai Chunhong , Zeng Cheng , Wen Jing , Jiang Xiaoming
Published: September 2023

In the field of prostate cancer based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the repeatability of detection is crucial for its practical application in clinical medicine. We propose to use a new SERS substrate based on a polymer planar waveguide in combination with microfluidic technology and utilized in the label-free detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum. The experimental results show that the detection limit of the substrate for PSA sample solution is as low as 10 pg ml−1. Additionally, the optimal transmission length for PSA is determined to be 9 mm. Further examinations encompass repetitive testing of serum samples spiked with PSA at a concentration of 4 ng ml−1, revealing a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 5.01%. This outcome is compared with single-point detection, manifesting a notable enhancement of 9.81% in terms of RSD, signifying a marked improvement in repeatability. Notably, our method not only capitalizes on the long-range averaging effect to enhance the repeatability of Raman signals, but also circumvents sample damage resulting from direct laser irradiation.
Traversable Lorentzian wormhole on the Shtanov-Sahni braneworld with matter obeying the energy conditions
Authors: Sengupta Rikpratik , Ghosh Shounak , Kalam Mehedi
Published: September 2023

In this paper we have explored the possibility of constructing a traversable wormhole on the Shtanov-Sahni braneworld with a timelike extra dimension. We find that the Weyl curvature singularity at the throat of the wormhole can be removed with physical matter satisfying the NEC ρ + p ≥ 0, even in the absence of any effective Λ-term or any type of charge source on the brane. (The NEC is however violated by the effective matter description on the brane arising due to effects of higher dimensional gravity.) Besides satisfying NEC the matter constituting the wormhole also satisfies the Strong Energy Condition (SEC), ρ + 3p ≥ 0, leading to the interesting possibility that normal matter on the brane may be harnessed into a wormhole. Incidentally, these conditions also need to be satisfied to realize a non-singular bounce and cyclic cosmology on the brane [1] where both past and future singularities can be averted. Thus, such a cyclic universe on the brane, constituted of normal matter can naturally contain wormholes. The wormhole shape function on the brane with a time-like extra dimension represents the tubular structure of the wormhole spreading out at large radial distances much better than in wormholes constructed in a braneworld with a spacelike extra dimension and have considerably lower mass resulting in minimization of the amount of matter required to construct a wormhole. Wormholes in the Shtanov-Sahni (SS) braneworld also have sufficiently low tidal forces, facilitating traversability. Additionally they are found to be stable and exhibit a repulsive geometry. We are left with the intriguing possibility that both types of curvature singularity can be resolved with the SS model, which we discuss at the end of the concluding section.
Cosmic ray mass composition at the knee using azimuthal fluctuations of air shower particles detected at ground by the KASCADE experiment
Authors: Arsene N.
Published: September 2023

The presence of hadronic sub-showers causes azimuthal non-uniformity in the particle distributions on the ground in vertical air showers. The LCm parameter, which quantifies the non-uniformity of the signal recorded in detectors located at a given distance on a ring around the shower axis, has been successfully introduced as a gamma/hadron discriminator at PeV energies [23]. In this work, we demonstrate that the LCm parameter can effectively serve as a mass composition discriminator in experiments that employ a compact array of detectors, like KASCADE.
We reconstruct the LCm parameter distributions in the energy range lg(E/eV) = [15.0 – 16.0] using measurements from the KASCADE experiment, with intervals of lg(E/eV) = 0.2, which are then fitted with MC templates for five primary nuclei species p, He, C, Si, and Fe considering three hadronic interaction models: QGSjet-II-04, EPOS-LHC and SIBYLL 2.3d.
We find that the LCm parameter exhibits minimal dependence on the specific hadronic interaction model considered.
The reconstructed fractions of individual species demonstrate a linear decrease in the abundance of protons and He nuclei with increasing energy, while the heavier components become prevalent above the knee as predicted by all three hadronic interaction models. Our findings indicate that the abundance of particle types as a function of energy aligns with different astrophysical models that link the knee to the acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays within the Galaxy. Furthermore, they also demonstrate excellent agreement with three more recent data-driven astrophysical models. These findings suggest that the LCm parameter could be a valuable tool for forthcoming measurements of the LHAASO experiment to enhance our knowledge about the origin and acceleration mechanisms of cosmic rays.
Universal calcium fluctuations in Hydra morphogenesis
Authors: Agam Oded , Braun Erez
Published: September 2023

Understanding the collective physical processes that drive robust morphological transitions in animal development necessitates the characterization of the relevant fields involved in morphogenesis. Calcium (Ca2+) is recognized as one such field. In this study, we demonstrate that the spatial fluctuations of Ca2+ during Hydra regeneration exhibit universal characteristics. To investigate this phenomenon, we employ two distinct controls, an external electric field and heptanol, a gap junction-blocking drug. Both lead to the modulation of the Ca2+ activity and a reversible halting of the regeneration process. The application of an electric field enhances Ca2+ activity in the Hydra’s tissue and increases its spatial correlations, while the administration of heptanol inhibits its activity and diminishes the spatial correlations. Remarkably, the statistical characteristics of Ca2+ spatial fluctuations, including the coefficient of variation and skewness, manifest universal shape distributions across tissue samples and conditions. We introduce a field-theoretic model, describing fluctuations in a tilted double-well potential, which successfully captures these universal properties. Moreover, our analysis reveals that the Ca2+ activity is spatially localized, and the Hydra’s tissue operates near the onset of bistability, where the local Ca2+ activity fluctuates between low and high excited states in distinct regions. These findings highlight the prominent role of the Ca2+ field in Hydra morphogenesis and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms governing robust morphological transitions.
Asymptotic analysis of multi-valley dark soliton solutions in defocusing coupled Hirota equations
Authors: Jiang Ziwei , Ling Liming
Published: September 2023

We construct uniform expressions of such dark soliton solutions encompassing both single-valley and double-valley dark solitons for the defocusing coupled Hirota equation with high-order nonlinear effects utilizing the uniform Darboux transformation, in addition to proposing a sufficient condition for the existence of the above dark soliton solutions. Furthermore, the asymptotic analysis we perform reveals that collisions for single-valley dark solitons typically exhibit elastic behavior; however, collisions for double-valley dark solitons are generally inelastic. In light of this, we further propose a sufficient condition for the elastic collisions of double-valley dark soliton solutions. Our results offer valuable insights into the dynamics of dark soliton solutions in the defocusing coupled Hirota equation and can contribute to the advancement of studies in nonlinear optics.
Preface
Authors: Dai Wanyang
Published: September 2023

ICPMS (International Conference on Physics, Mathematics and Statistics) is an annually held conference for all researchers at home and abroad since 2018, aiming to provide a good platform for scholars and researchers in the field of physics, mathematics and statistics to discuss the latest developments and achievements, work out good solutions, and make contributions.

The 6th International Conference on Physics, Mathematics, and Statistics (ICPMS 2023) was held online from May 20 to 21, 2023 for academic exchanges and discussions.

There were over 30 participants from 4 different countries and regions, including China, Brazil, and Malaysia, attending ICPMS2023. The conference program was divided into 3 sessions: keynote speeches, oral presentations, and poster presentations. We greatly appreciate Prof. Wanyang Dai from Nanjing University, who presided over the conference, and all participants for attending and sharing!

We are honored to invite 6 experts to give impressive keynote speeches: Professor Rongming Wang from Beijing University of Science and Technology, China; Prof. Le Fang from Beihang University, China; Prof. Fujun Zhang from Beijing Jiaotong University, China; Prof. Jianhua Zeng from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Asso. Prof. Jingya Sun from Beijing Institute of Technology, China, and Asso. Prof. Elammaran Jayamani from the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Malaysia.

Following the keynote speakers, 3 scholars made oral presentations respectively in the afternoon. And 9 poster presentations came after it. Reporters shared their latest research findings and audiences were actively involved in discussions.

We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided their time and expertise to review papers and facilitate the smooth running of ICPMS. We are extremely grateful to the organizers, technical program committee, and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work and to participants for their active attendance. Our sincere thanks also go to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceedings.

On behalf of the Organizing Committee of ICPMS 2023.

List of Technical Program Committee are available in this pdf.
Structural response characteristics of TMA during water-entry procedure
Authors: Hao Dong , Yu Jing
Published: September 2023

This work presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of the structural responses of the Trans-Medium Aircrafts (TMA) during a water-entry event and the max mises-stress, the acceleration, and the water-entry deepness are analyzed and discussed. The simulating finite element model of the elastic field and the fluid field are imitated and solved by the coupled euler lagrange (CEL) method. The water-entry velocity is set from 0 m/s to 8 m/s. From the results, the max mises-stress is about 24 MPa and the max acceleration of all simulation conditions is 110000 m/s2. Considering the elastic effect of the TMA structure, the current research is of great importance to the TMA’s structural design scheme.
Kirchhoff equations with strong singularity in closed manifolds
Authors: Zhan L L , Chen N B , Liu Q H
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study a class of Kirchhoff-type problems involving strong singular nonlinearities on compact Riemannian manifolds. With the help of variational method and Nehari method, we prove that this problem has a unique positive solution.
Characteristic analysis of earthquake sound signal based on wavelet transform
Authors: Hu Jiangchun , Liu Zhipeng , Wang Qin , Huang Xuewei , An Luyang , Wang Chenxu
Published: September 2023

Earthquake is a kind of natural disaster with strong destructive power. As a kind of earthquake precursor signal, earthquake sound is of great significance of earthquake prediction. According to the characteristics of the earthquake sound signal, the earthquake sound monitoring data ten days before the earthquake was analysed using wavelet technology, the earthquake sound monitoring signals of different frequency bands was compared, and the change rule of the earthquake sound signal within ten days before the earthquake was emphatically studied. It was concluded that: the infrasound wave signal with normal fluctuation changed regularly into time; Ten days before the earthquake, the peak mutation of infrasonic signal occurred, which increased exponentially compared with the mean peak mutation value of earthquake sound signal. The number of this abnormal phenomenon increased to the shortening of the impending earthquake time, especially five days before the earthquake; The intensity of the earthquake sound signal in the frequency band of the infrasonic wave is gradually decreasing from the increase in the signal frequency. By studying the variation characteristics of earthquake sound signal with time before earthquake, it is of certain reference significance to study the correlation between abnormal ground earthquake signal and earthquake in earthquake prediction.
Bifurcation & stochastic analysis of chaotic finance system through entanglement function
Authors: Yao Kutorzi Edwin , Shi Yufeng
Published: September 2023

In this novel chaotic financial system, by varying the set-aside bifurcation parameter, the existence of the Hopf bifurcation is investigated. The results are used to discuss equilibrium stability and bifurcations in the modern chaotic system. Added to that, there is an element of chaos in mathematical systems with only one positive Lyapunov exponent. Furthermore, there are conditions in which bifurcation is required to achieve chaotic entanglement. The entanglement functions are designed to form an artificially chaotic system such that two or more stable linear subsystems evolve chaotically, no matter how far apart they are. The Gaussian noise is introduced to normalize or bridge the empirical distribution function of the random variables system and check the convergence. Beyond that, the stochastic model emphasizes the relationships between dissipation, phase space flow, and stability. The maximum dissipation of the system increased as the stochastic financial stability increased.
Plasma emission monitored via optical emission spectroscopy during the Cs conditioning at SPIDER
Authors: Mario I. , Zaniol B. , Serianni G. , Sartori E. , Bruno D. , Pimazzoni A. , Pasqualotto R.
Published: September 2023

The SPIDER test facility is the full-size ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) ion source,
required to provide 355 A/m2 extracted negative ion current density in hydrogen
(285 A/m2 in deuterium) with an electron-to-ion ratio lower than 0.5 (one in
deuterium). The negative ion source is attached to a three-grids extraction and acceleration
system. The operational conditions for the cases presented in this work involve short pulses (up
to about 30 s length) repeated every five to six minutes. The duty cycle can be adjusted. In
order to fulfil the requirement on the extracted negative ion current with reduced amount of
co-extracted electrons, the evaporation of caesium into the ion source through Cs ovens (three in
SPIDER) and the optimisation of Cs conditioning techniques are mandatory. At SPIDER, the plasma
is monitored via optical emission spectroscopy techniques measuring the plasma emission in a
line-of-sight (LOS) integrated manner in several positions inside the ion source. In particular,
close to the extraction region, two sets (centred at 5 mm and at 35 mm distance from the plasma
grid) of four horizontal LOSs are used to retrieve the vertical profile of the plasma emission.
During the Cs conditioning campaign performed at SPIDER, although the extraction capabilities were
reduced due to technical problems, the RF power coupled to the plasma reached 400 kW with all four
RF generators working simultaneously. The negative ions produced by surface emission affects the
plasma radiation, and the ion source performances in terms of extracted negative ions and
co-extracted electrons. The aim of this work is to study the evolution of the plasma emission
over the initial phase of the Cs conditioning campaign. The effect of Cs conditioning on the
extracted negative ions and electrons is also presented and discussed.
Global trends in atmospheric layer thickness since 1940 and relationships with tropical and extratropical climate forcing
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie , Lee Cameron C
Published: September 2023

Global warming necessitates continual insights into changing atmospheric temperatures to enhance climate change monitoring and prediction. The thickness of an atmospheric layer serves as an effective proxy for the average temperature of that layer, playing a pivotal role in weather forecasting, understanding atmospheric dynamics, and detecting shifts in extreme weather conditions. This study investigates the global trends in thickness of the layer between 1000 hPa and 500 hPa, from 1940 to the present and evaluates the impact of tropical and extra-tropical climate modes on these trends. Our findings reveal a consistent, statistically significant positive trend in atmospheric layer thickness. However, the magnitude of this trend varies both regionally and seasonally. The most substantial absolute changes are observed in the high latitudes during their respective winter seasons; however, when considering global changes relative to each location’s unique historical variability, the most pronounced increase occurs in the tropics, specifically over central Africa, with a standard deviation increase of up to 0.03 σ yr−1. Based on the relative changes, the thickness over the Southern Hemisphere’s high-latitude landmasses is increasing at a faster pace during its winter compared to the Northern Hemisphere during its winter. Furthermore, our analysis of the impact of dominant tropical and extra-tropical climate modes revealed a strong correlation (R ∼ 0.9) between sea surface temperature changes in the Pacific warm pool region and the global average thickness. This relationship accounts for about 76% to 78% variance of the inter-annual variability in thickness. Consequently, we identify the increase in sea surface temperature in the Indo-Pacific warm pool as a significant controller of the rate and magnitude of atmospheric layer thickness changes globally. This underscores the crucial role of oceanic-atmospheric interactions in driving global climate variations and extremes.
Overview of the III International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure Solutions (AEGIS-III 2023)
Authors: Shavazov K A , Kh Shomirzaev M , Astanakulov K D , Umurzakov Z M
Published: September 2023

The overview describes the main directions and results of the III International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure Solutions (AEGIS-III 2023) held in Tashkent on 28-30 March 2023 It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. A description of the main trends in agricultural mechanization and food technologies, green infrastructure solutions, environmental engineering for sustainable development of the modern society are given in the overview.

List of Programme Committee, Organizing Committee are available in this Pdf.
Calculation of the change in raw cotton mass when passing through the working chamber of the harvester
Authors: Rizaev A A , Kuldoshev D A , Djuraeva N B
Published: September 2023

The motion of the mass of a cotton plant through the working area formed by two parallel spindles on paired drums refers to the class of problems on the material passage through a narrowing area. The article is devoted to modeling the interaction process between the spindle apparatus and the cotton plant to determine the change in the mass of the cotton product (raw cotton) with plant elements when passing through the working area of the harvesting apparatus. According to this model, a cotton plant is modeled as a continuous medium with the simplest mechanical property characterizing the process of compression and tension of the cotton mass. To perform numerical calculations, classical methods of modeling and probabilistic analysis of technological processes of interaction between cotton and the spindles of a harvesting machine were used. On the basis of numerical calculations, in the MathCAD 15 programming environment graphs were plotted that describe the patterns of changes in the cotton mass during the contact of cotton with the spindles of the cotton harvester.
Electrification of the mechanical drive of vertical spindle cotton picker drums
Authors: Shoumarova M , Abdillayev T , Yusupov Sh A
Published: September 2023

The article notes that the existing mechanical drive of the vertical spindle drums in the cotton harvester is complex, with uncovered multi-stage gear transmissions that create a strong noise, and engagements that do not occur throughout the height of the tooth. The drive of the first left drum is particularly complex, as the movement from the apparatus gearbox is transmitted through six gear engagements. Open gears quickly wear out, which disrupts the chessboard arrangement of spindles and reduces the completeness of cotton collection. It is believed that almost 80% of cotton is collected by the first pair of drums. Frequent disruptions in the chessboard arrangement of spindles of the first pair of drums, therefore, greatly affect the completeness of collection. Therefore, the authors propose to improve this drive by electrifying it. They recommend replacing the machine’s distribution gearbox with a direct current generator. Electrification will make the spindle drum drive more compact. It will be possible to slightly vary the speeds of only the rear spindle drums for technological reasons.
Adaptation of multipurpose tractors to row spaces of cotton crops
Authors: Akhmetov A A , Akhmedov Sh A , Kambarova D U
Published: September 2023

In the Republic of Uzbekistan, cotton cultivation is carried out on row spacings of 60; 76 and 90 cm. The machine-tractor parks of cotton-growing farms are equipped with agricultural machines designed for these inter-row spacings and they are aggregated by tractors with gauges designed for them. Such a variety of tractor gauges creates the problem of mismatch between the gauge and row spacing when moving from one row spacing to another, increases the variety of spare parts and narrows the scope of their use only within one type of row spacing. The discrepancy between the gauge of serial universal row-crop tractors and the cultivated row spacing leads to damage to the plant and compaction of the soil in the area where its root system is located. Overconsolidation of the soil by more than 1.1 g/cm3 leads to a slowdown in plant growth and development, an increase in soil resistivity during subsequent tillage operations and, most importantly, a decrease in crop yield. Studies have established that, despite the variety of designs of known devices used to adjust the track, they change the track stepwise and in an insufficient range, as a result of which the tractor does not fit into the row spacing. To eliminate the shortcomings of the known methods for adjusting the track, a device has been developed for adapting the tractor running system to work on different row spacings. The developed device allows, without the use of attachments or interchangeable axle shafts and their casings, to accurately adapt the tractor’s running system to the aisle of crops cultivated by it, thereby eliminating the existing shortcomings of serial universal row-cultivator tractors. The article provides a description of the proposed technical solution and the method of its application.
Stabilizer for reversing vertical spindles in the drum removal area of cotton-picking apparatus
Authors: Shoumarova M , Abdillayev T , Yusupov Sh A
Published: September 2023

The main indicator of the quality of the cotton harvesting machine is the completeness of collecting the grown crop into the bin, which is usually 3-4% lower than the completeness of collecting spindles. This is because the remover of vertical-spindle machines does not fully remove the cotton bobbins from the spindles. Part of the cotton wound on the spindle is carried away into the working zone without being removed. This phenomenon is called “cotton carry-over”. According to previous authors, “Carry-over” reaches 3-4% of the spindle collection completeness. This happens because the spindle roller, after leaving contact with the external belts, rotates by inertia and when it encounters the inner belts of the removal zone, the spindle suddenly slows down to change the direction of rotation. Here, due to the braking, the cotton bobbin falls off the spindle by “self-release”. If the braking is excessive, some cotton bobbins lose their grip on the spindle and remain on it as a free ring. If the brush remover does not remove this “ring”, it is “carried over” by the spindle into the working zone. This process reduces the completeness of the collection in the hopper. In order to ensure the stability of cotton collection by the spindle, it is necessary to provide an increased pulling force of the friction drive in the working zone. In our experiments, this was achieved by replacing the conventional V-belts of the drive with multi-ribbed belts. Multi-ribbed belts increase the pulling force by 1.5 times because their grip with the small radius roller is improved. In the removal zone of the drum, it is also necessary to install multi-ribbed belts, which, due to their better grip, brake the spindle more sharply and increase carry-over. To reduce this process, a stabilizer is installed on the head of the reverse rotation brake, which allows the braking process to be adjusted. This article provides materials explaining the design of this stabilizer.
Graphic and analytical study of the kinematics of the multiloop coulisse mechanism of the cotton harvester
Authors: Siddikov Shukhrat , Sadriddinov Azmuddin , Abdazimov Anvar , Khajiev Masharip
Published: September 2023

The article presents the methodology and results of a graphic and analytical study of the kinematics of a rotating backstage relating to a multi-circuit multiloop coulisse mechanism for planting bushes of a vertical-spindle drum of a cotton harvester apparatus. The authors describe the study of the influence of the structure and geometry of individual links of the multiloop coulisse mechanism of the vertical- spindle drum of a Cotton harvester apparatus on its kinematics. Graphic and analytical study of the kinematics of the mechanism and the advantages of this research method are given. Calculation and graphical works were carried out to determine the parameters of linear and angular velocities of the characteristic points of the rotating wings of the multi-circuit scotch mechanism for 12 positions of the crank. The results of the calculations are summarized in a general table and presented in the form of graphs. The article is of interest for a practical analysis of the flow of the working process of a multi-circuit rocker mechanism. The graphs clearly show the changes in the kinematic parameters of the mechanism links within the working cycle.
Green energy efficiency and its impact on sustainable development
Authors: Bespalyy Sergey
Published: September 2023

Today, there are certain barriers that hinder the transition to a low-carbon economy. In many ways, they are related to the incentives that have developed in the traditional economy aimed at the development of energy-intensive, resource-consuming industries, with the lack of state regulation of the development of environmentally friendly, “green” technologies, with a lack of awareness of business and consumers about the danger of further environmental degradation, as well as about the benefits, associated with the use of “green” technologies. Some experts question whether a full-fledged renewable energy system is possible in temperate countries, primarily because of relatively large heating needs during the cold season. The article provides an analysis of what green alternatives there are to traditional technologies in heating and energy saving. Nowadays it is important to use energy wisely, this can be done through energy savings by investing in more energy efficient products that reduce both energy bills and our environmental impact.
Overload protection for forestry machines when using pressed wood friction material
Authors: Borodin N A , Knyazev A V , Tkachev V V , Zimarin S V , Borovikov R G , Shcheblykin P N
Published: September 2023

The article proposes an original approach to the protection of forestry machines from overloads when using a friction material made of pressed wood. The use of compressed wood is an environmentally important aspect in the manufacture of friction materials for safety devices of forestry machines. This approach contributes to the development of green technologies in forestry engineering and ensures an increase in the environmental friendliness of logging operations. However, from an environmental point of view, self-ignition of pressed wood must be avoided. The definition of the transmitted and adjusting torque in relation to the frictional safety clutch is considered. It is noted that when the safety device slips, the friction material made of pressed wood will wear out unevenly, in the form of a wedge, if the working width of the contacting surfaces is large. A diagram of the calculated friction clutch is presented, as well as a diagram of the pressure fuse block, from which it can be seen how the rubber rings are not deformed in the same way due to their difference in diameters. It is noted that for forestry machines operating with frequent overloads, it is necessary to take into account the dynamic loads that occur during overload at the moment the fuse is triggered.
Tests on the tractor installed experimental device for heating the mixture of bioethanol in diesel fuel
Authors: Khakimov B , Sharipov Z , Alikulov S , Alimova Z , Ganiboyeva E
Published: September 2023

Research and development activities aimed at the development of new scientific and technical bases of resource-saving technologies and mixed fuel preparation devices, which implement the use of alternative fuels to save traditional fuels, are being carried out. On the basis of theoretical and experimental studies, the initial requirements and technical conditions of the device for heating the bioethanol mixture to the diesel fuel and the engine supply system was tested. The fuel mixture prepared by heating the recommended diesel fuel and bioethanol proportioned mixture was tested on the TTZ 80.10 tractor. The tests showed that the specified injection angle of the UTN-5 fuel pump was advanced by 2 degrees, and the injector needle pressure was determined to be 1.4-1.6 MPa.