bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of femoral axial offset
Authors: Matsubayashi Shohei , Isobe Yuusaku , Chiba Ko , Tsujimoto Ritsu , Osaki Makoto , Imamura Takeshi , Tsurumoto Toshiyuki
Published: September 2020

Purpose to examine the accuracy and reproducibility of the femoral axial offset measured from the retrocondylar plane by computed tomography (CT). Bone specimens of the femur of 15 males and 15 females were analyzed. CT imaging was performed and data of the coordinates were collected (center of femoral head, center of an ellipse around greater trochanter, center of an ellipse around the base of femoral neck, posterior edge of great trochanter, and both posterior condyles). The angle between the line connecting center of the femoral head and center of an ellipse around greater trochanter and the line connecting both posterior condyles was set as anteversion 1. The angle between the line connecting the center of femoral head and center of an ellipse around base of the femoral neck and the line connecting both posterior condyles was set as anteversion 2. The femoral axial offset was measured from the retrocondylar plane. Measurements were performed three times on the same subject, and intrarater reliability (ICC) was determined. In addition, interrater reliability (ICC) was determined by comparing data from three raters. The mean value for anteversion 1 was 20.1° for males and 22.7° for females. The values for anteversion 2 were 16.0° and 19.9° for males and females, respectively. Offset was 34.0 and 33.4 mm in males and females, respectively. Intrarater ICC and interrater ICC exceeded 0.81 for both methods, suggesting that the method of measurement was reliable. Accuracy and reproducibility of the measurement of femoral axial offset from the retrocondylar plane were high.
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic investigation on surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical catalysis on surface coupling reaction of pyridine at Au/TiO2 junction electrodes
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Chenjie , Lu Yanhua , Wu Qian , Yuan Yaxian , Xu Minmin , Yao Jianlin
Published: September 2020

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proved to induce catalysis and generate surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. However, it remained a significant challenge in developing the efficient approach to in situ monitor the surface reaction and extending the SPR catalysis as a general approach in surface organic synthesis, especially for the C–C coupling. Herein, SPR from the Au nanoparticles played the bifunctional roles to induce the surface catalysis reaction and enhance the surface Raman signal. The SPR and electrochemical potential became two necessary external fields for the surface coupling reaction to produce 2,2′‐bipyridine, which was explored by SERS. The adsorbed pyridine molecules underwent a dimerization to produce cis‐configuration 2,2′‐bipyridine at the −0.7 V by appropriate laser irradiation. It demonstrated that the surface dimerization efficiency was critically dependent on the laser, potential, the solution properties, and so on. It was improved significantly at the relative negative potential and by 638 nm laser. The solvent with oxygen facilitated the surface dimerization reaction. Pd nanoparticles played the assistant role to capture the hydrogen released from the pyridine to accelerate the breaking of C–H bond and C–C coupling reaction. The surface reaction mechanisms involved the electrons transfer from Au to TiO2 and injected electron delivery to α‐H of pyridine for activation and the formation of carbon free radicals and coupling together to produce 2,2′‐bipyridine. This strategy is expected to further provide an alternative approach to the C–C coupling reaction and to extend the SPR and electrochemical catalysis to a practical application in surface modification as well as organic synthesis, and SERS is anticipated to be a promising in situ technique for the surface chemical reaction.
Surgical outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma detected after hepatitis C virus eradiation by direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Tanaka Shogo , Shinkawa Hiroji , Tamori Akihiro , Takemura Shigekazu , Takahashi Shinji , Amano Ryosuke , Kimura Kenjiro , Ohira Go , Kawada Norifumi , Kubo Shoji
Published: September 2020

Objective

To investigate the postoperative recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection in patients with and without the achievement of sustained virologic response (SVR) through the administration of direct‐acting antivirals (DAA).

Methods

Among 28 patients with HCC detected after DAA‐SVR (DAA group) and 197 patients with HCC who did not receive treatment for HCV infection or who did not achieve an SVR (control group) between January 2000 and July 2019, we performed propensity score matching (PSM) to avoid confounding differences between the two groups.

Results

After PSM, 28 patients in each group were selected for analysis. The DAA‐SVR patients showed improved liver function at operation and at recurrence in comparison to the control group. The disease‐free survival rate at 3 years after surgery was 69% in the DAA group and 35% in the control group, respectively (P = .021). In the DAA group, all three patients with recurrence met the Milan criteria and could be managed by curative treatments and none died of liver failure during the follow‐up period.

Conclusions

SVR status suppresses postoperative recurrence of HCV‐related HCC detected after DAA‐SVR. Improved liver function may contribute to the successful treatment and prevention of liver failure.
Effect of Acoustic Cavitation on Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Authors: Moghaddam Zeinab Hormozi , Mokhtari‐Dizaji Manijhe , Movahedin Mansoureh
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The mechanical index has long been one of the main criteria used to assess the safety limits for therapeutic medical applications. However, the safety of the mechanical index parameter is considered to be unknown in male fertility, which has a very significant role in vitro conditions. In this study, the effect of cavitation interactions due to mechanical index regions was evaluated on spermatogonial stem cells.

Methods

The acoustic pressure and mechanical index equations at the low intensities and the intended frequency were modeled and solved. The mechanical index average of 40 kHz frequency was selected as subthreshold, 0.70, and above the cavitation threshold. Neonatal spermatogonial stem cells were cultured. Spermatogonial stem cells are stimulated by low‐level ultrasound for 5 days and colonization and viability evaluated on the seventh day.

Results

Based on modeling, the mechanical index average was chosen as 0.40, 0.51, 0.75, and 0.89. The mechanical index of 0.40 and 0.89 resulted in a number of colonies of 93 ± 4 and 32 ± 4, respectively. An increase in colony diameter could be observed for a 0.40 mechanical index during all days of the culture that in the culture on the seventh day had the largest average colony diameter of 174.05 ± 1.22 μm in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05). The cell viability was not significantly different among the groups.

Conclusion

The results suggest that a low‐intensity ultrasound of 40 kHz with a 0.40 mechanical index can be effective in increasing the proliferation and colonization of spermatogonia in stem cells during culture.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of Strain Elastography and Shear Wave Elastography for the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Park Eun Joo , Hahn Seok , Yi Jisook , Shin Kyong Jin , Lee Yedaun , Lee Ho‐Joon
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To compare the diagnostic performance between strain elastography and shear wave elastography (SWE) for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods

Between July 2018 and June 2019, 66 consecutive patients with 95 imaged wrists underwent wrist ultrasound, including grayscale ultrasound, strain elastography, and SWE, because of the suspicion of CTS. During wrist ultrasound, the cross‐sectional area (CSA), strain ratio, elasticity, and shear wave velocity of each median nerve were measured at the proximal carpal bone level (scaphoid to pisiform). The variables were compared between the normal and CTS groups by using the independent t test, and subgroup analyses were performed using one‐way analysis of variance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each variable.

Results

CSA, elasticity, and shear wave velocity showed significant intergroup differences (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively). However, the strain ratio showed no statistically significant intergroup difference (P = 0.639). In the subgroup analyses, elasticity showed significantly higher values in the severe group than in the mild and moderate groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Other parameters showed no significant differences among the different subgroups. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.823 for CSA, 0.772 for elasticity, and 0.779 for shear wave velocity. The differences in the areas under the ROC curve among CSA, elasticity, and shear wave velocity were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

SWE has a good diagnostic value in CTS. In particular, elasticity can discriminate the severe group from the other groups.
Comparison of Speech Performance in Bimodal versus Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Sturm Joshua J. , Kuhlmey Megan , Alexiades George , Hoffman Ronald , Kim Ana H.
Published: September 2020

Objective

To assess whether listening with two cochlear implants (bilateral) offers significant benefits in terms of speech perception over listening with one cochlear implant and one hearing aid (bimodal).

Methods

Retrospective review of bilateral cochlear implant recipients (24 pediatric and 26 adult). Bimodal listening was compared to bilateral listening in terms of speech perception performance at 1‐year post second implant under three listening conditions: 50 dBHL, 35 dBHL, and 50 dBHL+5 SNR. Changes in speech performance from bimodal (before second implant) to bilateral (after second implant) listening were determined within subjects and compared to a separate control group of bimodal users matched for age of first implantation who never received a second implant (10 pediatric and 20 adult).

Results

In the pediatric group, compared to bimodal listening prior to a second implant, speech perception scores with bilateral implants increased significantly when measured at 50 dBHL, 35 dBHL, and 50 dBHL+5 SNR. By contrast, pediatric bimodal controls who never received a second implant failed to demonstrate similar improvement over 1 year's time. In the adult group, compared to bimodal listening prior to a second implant, speech perception scores with bilateral implants increased when measured at 50 dBHL, but were not significantly different at 35 dBHL and 50 dBHL + 5 SNR. Adult bimodal controls who never received a second implant failed to demonstrate significant improvement in all conditions over 1 year's time.

Conclusion

Bilateral listening with two cochlear implants improved speech perception performance relative to bimodal listening in the pediatric population. Improvement in the adult population was not as significant.

Level of Evidence

4, Retrospective Chart Review. Laryngoscope, 131:E1322–E1327, 2021
Quantification of Fatty Acids and their Regioisomeric Distribution in Triacylglycerols from Porcine and Bovine Sources Using 13C NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kildahl‐Andersen Geir , Gjerlaug‐Enger Eli , Rise Frode , Haug Anna , Egelandsdal Bjørg
Published: September 2020

The uptake of specific fatty acids in humans is dependent on their position on the glycerol backbone. There is a great interest in methods that can access this information fast and accurately. By way of high‐resolution NMR, we have analyzed TAG extracted from pig and beef tissues and obtained quantitative data for the composition and regioisomeric distribution of all major unsaturated fatty acids usually found in these source materials, using a combination of manual integration and deconvolution of 13C NMR spectra. In addition, we have developed a method for determining composition and regioisomeric distribution of the two main saturated fatty acids found in pork (16:0, 18:0). The results are discussed in relation to species‐specific genetic characteristics of fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis. The developed method could support decisions related to breeding for desired fatty acid profiles, and stimulate further methodology developments using high field NMR.
Hypolimnetic oxygen depletion rates in deep lakes: Effects of trophic state and organic matter accumulation
Authors: Steinsberger Thomas , Schwefel Robert , Wüest Alfred , Müller Beat
Published: September 2020

This study investigated the consumption of oxygen (O2) in 11 European lakes ranging from 48 m to 372 m deep. In lakes less than ~ 100 m deep, the main pathways for O2 consumption were organic matter (OM) mineralization at the sediment surface and oxidation of reduced compounds diffusing up from the sediment. In deeper lakes, mineralization of OM transported through the water column to the sediment represented a greater proportion of O2 consumption. This process predominated in the most productive lakes but declined with decreasing total phosphorous (TP) concentrations and hence primary production, when TP concentrations fell below a threshold value of ~ 10 mg P m−3. Oxygen uptake by the sediment and the flux of reduced compounds from the sediment in these deep lakes were 7.9–10.6 and 0.6–3.6 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. These parameters did not depend on the lake's trophic state but did depend on sedimentation rates for the primarily allochthonous or already degraded OM. These results indicate that in lakes deeper than ~ 100 m, mineralization of autochthonous OM is mostly complete by the time of sedimentary burial. This explains why hypolimnetic O2 concentrations improve more rapidly following TP load reduction in deeper lakes relative to shallower lakes, where larger sediment‐based O2 consumption by settled OM and release of reduced substances may inhibit the restoration of hypolimnetic O2 concentrations.
Three‐dimensional Random Dielectric Colloid Metamaterial with Giant Isotropic Optical Activity
Authors: Asadchy Viktar S. , Guo Cheng , Faniayeu Ihar A. , Fan Shanhui
Published: September 2020

Motivated by the theoretical observation that isotropic chirality can exist even in completely random systems, a dielectric metamaterial consisting of a random colloid of meta‐atoms is designed, which exhibits unprecedentedly high isotropic optical activity. Each meta‐atom is composed of a helically arranged cluster of silicon nanospheres. Such clusters can be fabricated by large‐scale DNA self‐assembly techniques. It is demonstrated that the use of a high concentration of the meta‐atoms in the colloid provides significant suppressions of incoherent scattering losses. As a result, the proposed system shows three orders of magnitude improvement of isotropic optical activity as compared with the previous metamaterial designs. This work highlights the significant potential of completely random systems, which are commonly produced in colloidal sciences, for applications as metamaterials toward novel photonic effects and devices.
Electrochemical and passive behaviour of Cu–Sn bronze in simulated archaeological soil media
Authors: Liang Zhipeng , Jiang Kaixi , Zhang Tingan
Published: September 2020

The influence of formation potential on the electrochemical behaviour and passive film properties of Cu‐28.6Sn bronze in simulated archaeological soil solutions was evaluated using combined potentiodynamic electrochemical measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the Mott–Schottky (MS) approach, with ex situ surface analytical techniques such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Passive films were formed in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and a mixture of NaCl and sodium sulphate and their stability increased as the applied potential increased. The MS measurements indicated that a very thin p‐ and n‐type porous passive film was formed on the bronze in the NaCl and sodium sulphate solution. The calculated donor density decreased exponentially with increasing passive film formation potentials in the NaCl solution and in the NaCl and sodium sulphate mixture. Based on the evaluations of the surface compositional analysis, the primary constituents of the films are Cu and Sn; in addition, dehydration of films was noted.
Data Envelopment Analysis and Decision Maker Models: An Innovative Approach for Optimization of Reaction Variables of Graft Copolymerization of Poly(butyl acrylate) to Tamarind Seed Xyloglucan
Authors: Yadav Ranjana , Malhotra AnnuVij , Mishra Anuradha
Published: September 2020

This article presents a novel methodology using a combination of non‐parametric frontier analysis models, data envelopment analysis (DEA), and decision maker (DM) model to optimize real‐time reaction variables, that is, concentration of butyl acrylate, time duration of the reaction, and temperature for precision synthesis of poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) and xyloglucan (tamarind seed polysaccharide) graft copolymers.The copolymer samples (units) obtained by a different set of reaction variables and conditions are ranked using DEA to identify the efficient units. An appropriate minimum weight restriction is imposed by the DM on the chosen inputs and output by linear programming models that are designed in such a way that each DEA efficient unit can get “maximin” weight. The model predictions for reaction parameters and experimental data obtained are found to be very close to each other.
Is there a maximal effect of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lei Yiting , Xie Jinwei , Huang Qiang , Pei Fuxing
Published: September 2020

The optimal dosing regimen of tranexamic acid (TXA) has not been determined in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, patients were randomized to receive a high initial‐dose (60 mg/kg) TXA before incision, followed by five doses 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours later (A), or three doses 3, 12, and 24 hours later (B), or a single dose 3 hours later (C). The primary outcome was perioperative blood loss. Other outcomes such as, hemoglobin level, transfusion, the levels of fibrin (ogen) degradation products (FDP), D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), coagulation parameters, and adverse events were also compared. The results showed that individuals in Groups A and B had reduced total and hidden blood loss (HBL), lower FDP, D‐dimer, CRP, and IL‐6 levels than in Group C. Such differences were also detected in HBL between Groups A and B. No differences were observed in other outcomes between Groups A and B. No differences were observed in coagulation parameters and adverse events among the three groups. In conclusion, a high initial‐dose (60 mg/kg) TXA before TKA followed by three doses can be sufficient to achieve maximal effects on total blood loss, fibrinolysis, and inflammation.
Are health care scams infectious? Empirical evidence on contagion in health care fraud
Authors: Goel Rajeev K.
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the presence of contagion in health care fraud across jurisdictional boundaries. Using state‐level data for the United States, we find evidence of contagion in medical fraud. There are also spillovers from border corruption on medical fraud, but no evidence of spillovers from international borders. In other findings, greater urbanization, greater elderly population, and higher hospital occupancy positively contribute to medical fraud, while nursing employment has a mitigating effect. Further, it is economic inequality rather than economic prosperity that seems relevant. The main findings are robust to consideration of simultaneity, but dependent upon the prevalence of fraud across states.
Increased Blood Pressure Dipping in Restless Legs Syndrome With Rotigotine: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Chenini Sofiene , Rassu Anna Laura , Barateau Lucie , Lopez Regis , Carlander Bertrand , Guiraud Lily , Jaussent Isabelle , Dauvilliers Yves
Published: September 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the rotigotine effect on the nocturnal blood pressure (BP) dip by 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring and on endothelial function in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) compared with placebo.

Methods

In this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 76 adult patients with moderate to severe RLS and periodic legs movements in sleep index ≥10/hour were randomized to rotigotine at optimal dose of 3 mg per day or placebo for 6 weeks. A total of 6 patients had a major protocol deviation. Polysomnography, ambulatory BP monitoring, and endothelial function were assessed at baseline and end point. The primary outcome was the between‐group difference in the percentage of BP nondipper profiles at end point. The main secondary outcomes were the mean BP dip, periodic legs movements in sleep index, and endothelial function.

Results

Of the 70 patients (age, 59.4 ± 11.40; 43 women) randomized to rotigotine (n = 34) and placebo (n = 36), 66 (33 rotigotine, 33 placebo) completed the study. The percentage of BP nondippers at end point was higher in the placebo than in the rotigotine group (systolic BP, 72.22% vs 47.06%; diastolic BP, 47.22% vs 20.59%; P < 0.05). Mean BP dip at end point was higher in the rotigotine than in the placebo group (systolic BP, 11.24 ± 6.15 vs 6.12 ± 7.98; diastolic BP, 15.12 ± 7.09 vs 9.36 ± 10.23; P < 0.05). Endothelial function was comparable between the groups. No significant safety concerns were reported with similar incidences of adverse events between groups.

Conclusion

Rotigotine increased the percentage of BP dipper profiles and the BP dip in patients with RLS. Future studies should assess whether this change is associated with a reduction in the long‐term cardiovascular risk in RLS. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Molecular analysis of 76 Chinese hemophilia B pedigrees and the identification of 10 novel mutations
Authors: Huang Limin , Li Liyan , Lin Sheng , Chen Juanjuan , Li Kun , Fan Dongmei , Jin Wangjie , Li Yihong , Yang Xu , Xiong Yufeng , Li Fenxia , Yang Xuexi , Li Ming , Li Qiang
Published: September 2020

Background

Hemophilia B (HB) is an X‐linked recessive inherited bleeding disorder caused by mutations in the F9 gene that lead to plasma factor IX deficiency. To identify the causative mutations in HB, a molecular analysis of HB pedigrees in China was performed.

Methods

Using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and an in‐house bioinformatics pipeline, 76 unrelated HB pedigrees were analyzed. The mutations identified were validated by comparison with the results of Sanger sequencing or Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification assays. The pathogenicity of the causative mutations was classified following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.

Results

The mutation detection rate was 94.74% (72/76) using NGS. Of the 76 HB pedigrees analyzed, 59 causative variants were found in 72 pedigrees, with 38 (64.41%) missense mutations, 9 (15.25%) nonsense mutations, 2 (3.39%) splicing mutations, 5 (8.47%) small deletions, 4 (6.78%) large deletions, and 1 intronic mutation (1.69%). Of the 59 different F9 mutations, 10 were novel: c.190T>G, c.199G>T, c.290G>C, c.322T>A, c.350_351insACAATAATTCCTA, c.391+5delG, c.416G>T, c.618_627delAGCTGAAACC, c.863delA, and c.1024_1027delACGA. Of these 10 novel mutations, a mosaic mutation, c.199G>T(p.Glu67Ter), was identified in a sporadic HB pedigree. Using in‐silico analysis, these novel variants were predicted to be disease‐causing. However, no potentially causative mutations were found in the F9 coding sequences of the four remaining HB pedigrees. In addition, two HB pedigrees carrying additional F8/F9 mutations were discovered.

Conclusion

The identification of these mutations enriches the spectrum of F9 mutations and provides further insights into the pathogenesis of HB in the Chinese population.
Contribution to an open problem of Harkness and Shantaram
Authors: Jedidi Wissem , Bouzeffour Fethi , Harthi Nouf
Published: September 2020

Here, we solve an open problem raised by Harkness and Shantaram in 1969 who obtained, under sufficient conditions, a limit theorem in law for sequences of nonnegative random variables built with the iterated stationary excess operator. More precisely, they considered the distribution function (d.f.) F of a nonnegative random variable X having all moments
finite. The stationary excess operator corresponds to the d.f.
, so that the iterated stationary excess operator (ISEO) at the order n ≥ 2 corresponds to the d.f.
, where
. Let the r.v.
denotes a realization of Fn. Harkness and Shantaram provided sufficient conditions for the existence of a normalizing sequence cn such that the sequence
converges in distribution or, equivalently, Fn(cnx) → G(x) for some d.f. G. This raises a problem of identification the class of possible limits G. We give here a complete answer to this problem through the convergence of families built by the continuous time version of the ISEO and also by size biasing. In this context, we show that

the conditions of Harkness and Shantaram are actually necessary;

continuous time convergence is equivalent to discrete time convergence; and

the only possible limits in distribution G are mixture of exponential with log‐normal distributions.
An inclusive analysis of inductive dielectric and/or metallic discontinuities in a rectangular waveguide
Authors: Aydoğan Ahmet
Published: September 2020

An inclusive method is introduced for the analysis of different types of inductively loaded rectangular waveguides with dielectric and/or metallic obstacles. The proposed method utilizes the efficiency of the generalized scattering matrix (GSM) method on scattering analysis and the flexibility of the method of moments on problem configuration. The inductive metallic discontinuities are treated as a dielectric medium with high conductivity and the scattering analysis is accelerated by several cost reduction attempts in conjunction with GSM method and procedure of method of moments. The examined approach is tested against several structures including a metal insert filter, an H‐plane filter, and a dielectric‐metal obstacle‐loaded waveguide both for the dominant mode region and the double‐mode region. The convergence analyses on the number of calculated modes and the size of the discretized cells in the computational procedure are carried out for a comprehensive explanation of the numerical analysis. The accuracy of the method is compared to commercial software based on the finite element method. The proposed method is particularly competent for the frequency analysis of metallic and inhomogeneous dielectric discontinuities horizontally aligned in cuboid shapes.
Advanced design of higher mode‐based dielectric resonator antenna array featuring high‐gain operation over a large frequency band
Authors: Sarkar Chandreyee , Guha Debatosh , Kumar Chandrakanta
Published: September 2020

A higher mode‐based dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) featuring attractive characteristics has been explored and successfully demonstrated for use in wireless industry. In here, an improvised elevated feed platform has been conceived to exploit HEM12δ mode in a cylindrical DRA. An additional filtering mechanism by a selective loading has been introduced to achieve a clean and exclusive HEM12δ resonance. A single unit has been characterized at C‐band based on the available characterization facility and experimentally verified ensuring 22% wide matching bandwidth with as much as 11 dBi peak gain. A practical 2 × 2 array with a corporate feed has been successfully demonstrated. A consistent radiation pattern over about 10% matching bandwidth has been experimentally demonstrated. This ensures a flat peak gain (13‐14 dBi) over the full usable frequency band. This is novel in terms of its pure higher mode operation supporting a wireless system with uniform gain characteristics. Its improved features compared to the earlier designs have been clearly discussed.
Head‐to‐head comparison of cardiovascular MR feature tracking cine versus acquisition‐based deformation strain imaging using myocardial tagging and strain encoding
Authors: Backhaus Sören J. , Metschies Georg , Zieschang Victoria , Erley Jennifer , Mahsa Zamani Seyedeh , Kowallick Johannes T. , Lapinskas Tomas , Pieske Burkert , Lotz Joachim , Kutty Shelby , Hasenfuß Gerd , Kelle Sebastian , Schuster Andreas
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Myocardial feature‐tracking (FT) deformation imaging is superior for risk stratification compared with volumetric approaches. Because there is no clear recommendation regarding FT postprocessing, we compared different FT‐strain analyses with reference standard techniques, including tagging and strain‐encoded (SENC) MRI.

Methods

Feature‐tracking software from four different vendors (TomTec, Medis, Circle [CVI], and Neosoft), tagging (Segment), and fastSENC (MyoStrain) were used to determine left ventricular global circumferential strains (GCS) and longitudinal strains (GLS) in 12 healthy volunteers and 12 patients with heart failure. Variability and agreements were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients for absolute agreement (ICCa) and consistency (ICCc) as well as Pearson correlation coefficients.

Results

For FT‐GCS, consistency was excellent comparing different FT vendors (ICCc = 0.84‐0.97, r = 0.86‐0.95) and in comparison to fast SENC (ICCc = 0.78‐0.89, r = 0.73‐0.81). FT‐GCS consistency was excellent compared with tagging (ICCc = 0.79‐0.85, r = 0.74‐0.77) except for TomTec (ICCc = 0.68, r = 0.72). Absolute FT‐GCS agreements among FT vendors were highest for CVI and Medis (ICCa = 0.96) and lowest for TomTec and Neosoft (ICCa = 0.32). Similarly, absolute FT‐GCS agreements were excellent for CVI and Medis compared with both tagging and fast SENC (ICCa = 0.84‐0.88), good to excellent for Neosoft (ICCa = 0.77 and 0.64), and lowest for TomTec (ICCa = 0.41 and 0.47). For FT‐GLS, consistency was excellent (ICCc ≥ 0.86, r ≥ 0.76). Absolute agreements among FT vendors were excellent (ICCa = 0.91‐0.93) or good to excellent for TomTec (ICCa = 0.69‐0.85). Absolute agreements (ICCa) were good (CVI 0.70, Medis 0.60) and fair (TomTec 0.41, Neosoft 0.59) compared with tagging, but excellent compared with fast SENC (ICCa = 0.77‐0.90).

Conclusion

Although absolute agreements differ depending on deformation assessment approaches, consistency and correlation are consistently high regardless of the method chosen, thus indicating reliable strain assessment. Further standardisation and introduction of uniform references is warranted for routine clinical implementation.
Adaptation and validation of the evidence‐based practice beliefs and implementation scales into German
Authors: Kerwien‐Jacquier Emmanuelle , Verloo Henk , Pereira Filipa , Peter Karin Anne
Published: September 2020

Aims

To culturally adapt and translate the Evidence‐Based Practice Belief Scale (EBP‐B) and the Evidence‐Based Practice Implementation Scale (EBP‐I), explore the psychometric properties of their validated German versions and compare results with those of the original scales.

Design

Cross‐sectional descriptive study.

Method

The study was conducted on a sample of 131 Registered Nurses in a Swiss German hospital. Internal consistency was rated using Cronbach's alpha. Principal component analysis using varimax rotation was used to determine construct validity. The study was undertaken in accordance with the STROBE‐checklist in Appendix S1.

Results

German versions of the EBP‐B and EBP‐I showed good reliability. Their Cronbach alphas showed lower values than those of the original scales. Principal component analysis showed medium‐to‐high factor loading. Principal component analyses using varimax rotations of the EBP‐B's 16 items and the EBP‐I's 17 items resulted in four‐factor and five‐factor solutions, respectively.
The outcome and cost of a capacity‐building training programme on the early recognition and referral of childhood cancer for healthcare workers in North‐West Cameroon
Authors: Afungchwi Glenn Mbah , Hesseling Peter Bernard , Kouya Francine , Enow Sam A. , Kruger Mariana
Published: September 2020

Aim

Early cancer diagnosis is necessary to improve survival rates. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome and cost of the childhood cancer training programme amongst healthcare workers.

Design

This was a prospective pre–post study design, using questionnaires for pre‐ and post‐training testing. The warning signs of childhood cancer were used as the main teaching content to improve recognition and early diagnosis.

Methods

Pre‐training and post‐training knowledge, as well as attitude questionnaires, was administered at the beginning and at the end of each training workshop. Paired samples t test and chi‐square were used to compare the change in knowledge and differences between groups.

Results

The overall percentage knowledge score increased from 51%–85% (p < .001). The doctors had a better knowledge score than the nurses in the pre‐test (70% versus 50%, p = .008), but there was no significant difference in the post‐test scores. The cost of training was €25.06 per healthcare worker.

Conclusion

We recommend similar training programmes in public health to improve early diagnosis of childhood cancer.
Comparing feeling of competence regarding humanistic caring in Belgian nurses and nursing students: A comparative cross‐sectional study conducted in a French Belgian teaching hospital
Authors: Lecocq Dan , Delmas Philippe , Antonini Matteo , Lefebvre Hélène , Laloux Martine , Beghuin Amélie , Van Cutsem Chantal , Bustillo Aurélia , Pirson Magali
Published: September 2020

Aim

The aim of the study was to describe and compare feeling of competence regarding humanistic caring in Registered Nurses (RN) and nursing students (NS).

Design

A quantitative comparative cross‐sectional research design was used.

Methods

A convenience sample of 196 RN and 47 NS in a teaching hospital in Belgium completed a self‐administered questionnaire composed of a sociodemographic survey and the Caring Nurse‐Patient Interactions Scale (CNPI‐23) developed by Cossette et al.

Results

The four dimensions of the CNPI‐23 were compared using the Skillings–Mack test. Both groups scored higher on “humanistic” and “comforting” than on “clinical” and “relational” care and both scored lowest on this last dimension. Linear regressions showed that none of the variables had a statistically significant influence on the CNPI‐23 scores, except for NS “state of health,” which influenced their feeling of competence regarding “relational care.”
Optimal uniform error estimates for moving least‐squares collocation with application to option pricing under jump‐diffusion processes
Authors: Shirzadi Mohammad , Dehghan Mehdi , Bastani Ali Foroush
Published: September 2020

In this study, we derive optimal uniform error bounds for moving least‐squares (MLS) mesh‐free point collocation (also called finite point method) when applied to solve second‐order elliptic partial integro‐differential equations (PIDEs). In the special case of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs), we show that our estimate improves the results of Cheng and Cheng (Appl. Numer. Math. 58 (2008), no. 6, 884–898) both in terms of the used error norm (here the uniform norm and there the discrete vector norm) and the obtained order of convergence. We then present optimal convergence rate estimates for second‐order elliptic PIDEs. We proceed by some numerical experiments dealing with elliptic PDEs that confirm the obtained theoretical results. The article concludes with numerical approximation of the linear parabolic PIDE arising from European option pricing problem under Merton's and Kou's jump‐diffusion models. The presented computational results (including the computation of option Greeks) and comparisons with other competing approaches suggest that the MLS collocation scheme is an efficient and reliable numerical method to solve elliptic and parabolic PIDEs arising from applied areas such as financial engineering.
A positive cell vertex Godunov scheme for a Beeler–Reuter based model of cardiac electrical activity
Authors: Bendahmane Mostafa , Mroue Fatima , Saad Mazen
Published: September 2020

The monodomain model is a widely used model in electrocardiology to simulate the propagation of electrical potential in the myocardium. In this paper, we investigate a positive nonlinear control volume finite element scheme, based on Godunov's flux approximation of the diffusion term, for the monodomain model coupled to a physiological ionic model (the Beeler–Reuter model) and using an anisotropic diffusion tensor. In this scheme, degrees of freedom are assigned to vertices of a primal triangular mesh, as in conforming finite element methods. The diffusion term which involves an anisotropic tensor is discretized on a dual mesh using the diffusion fluxes provided by the conforming finite element reconstruction on the primal mesh and the other terms are discretized by means of an upwind finite volume method on the dual mesh. The scheme ensures the validity of the discrete maximum principle without any restriction on the transmissibility coefficients. By using a compactness argument, we obtain the convergence of the discrete solution and as a consequence, we get the existence of a weak solution of the original model. Finally, we illustrate by numerical simulations that the proposed scheme successfully removes nonphysical oscillations in the propagation of the wavefront and maintains conduction velocity close to physiological values.
COVID‐19 Impacts Mental Health Outcomes and Ability/Desire to Participate in Research Among Current Research Participants
Authors: Cardel Michelle I. , Manasse Stephanie , Krukowski Rebecca A. , Ross Kathryn , Shakour Rebecca , Miller Darci R. , Lemas Dominick J. , Hong Young‐Rock
Published: September 2020

Objective

This study aimed to examine the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on current research participants’ mental health outcomes, ability to adhere to behavioral intervention recommendations, and desire to participate in research.

Methods

A quantitative/qualitative cross‐sectional survey was used among adults currently enrolled in health‐related research (N = 250; 85% women; > 50% currently enrolled in behavioral weight loss intervention).

Results

COVID‐19 was perceived as a severe threat by most (62.3%). Related to COVID‐19, 29.6% of participants reported moderate/severe symptoms of anxiety/depression, and 68.4% reported moderate/severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, with women more likely to demonstrate moderate/severe anxiety/depression (P = 0.047) and PTSD symptomatology (P = 0.028) relative to men. Those with moderate/severe levels of anxiety/depression (P = 0.0154) and distress (P = 0.0330) were more likely to report a decreased desire to participate in research. Among those in behavioral interventions, individuals perceiving COVID‐19 as a moderate/severe threat or experiencing moderate/severe depression or PTSD symptomatology were 4 to 19 times more likely to report that COVID‐19 affected their ability to adhere to behavioral recommendations. Qualitative analysis identified four themes describing COVID‐19's impact on research experiences: transition, remote intervention delivery, ability to adhere to program goals, and research participation interest.

Conclusions

These data suggest that participants engaged in health‐related research perceive COVID‐19 as a significant threat, affecting mental health, desire to participate in research, and ability to adhere to intervention recommendations.
Pointwise‐constrained optimal control of a semiactive vehicle suspension
Authors: Palomares Eduardo , Bellido José C. , Morales Angel L. , Nieto Antonio J. , Chicharro Jose M. , Pintado Publio
Published: September 2020

This article presents an optimal control strategy (OCS) for semiactive vehicle suspensions with road profile sensors. The suspension is modeled as a quarter‐car model with a magnetorheological (MR) damper. The OCS main objective is to minimize the fourth‐power acceleration of the sprung mass. In addition, three pointwise constraints of the model are taken into account when the optimal control problem is solved: suspension travel limits (upper and lower) and tyre vertical force. In order to deal with a large number of constraints, we implement the gradient optimization method based on the method of moving asymptotes routine, which shows very good performance reaching optimal controls while satisfying the constrains. The solution has been compared with two passive MR damper configurations (low and high damping) as well as Skyhook and Balance control strategies for three different road inputs. Results show that OCS fulfills the constraints and reduces the sprung mass acceleration peak and the root‐mean‐quad acceleration up to 59%, in comparison to passive strategies.
CO2 Capture with Silylated Ethanolamines and Piperazines
Authors: Herbig Marcus , Gevorgyan Lia , Pflug Moritz , Wagler Jörg , Schwarzer Sandra , Kroke Edwin
Published: September 2020

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Marcus Herbig from the TU Bergakademie in Freiberg. The cover picture shows the reaction of CO2 with a silyl derivative of the biogenic amine ethanolamine. The role of CO2 as a contributor to climate change makes “carbon capture” a desirable goal. However, in addition to simply capture CO2, aminosilanes form silylcarbamates, which represent starting materials for a variety of crucial chemicals. Thus, the entrapped CO2 represents a useful C1 building block. The ESF‐funded Junior Research Group CO2‐Sil at the TU Bergakademie Freiberg (represented by their Logo and location) pursues that kind of goals. CO2‐Sil studies these key reactions of CO2 insertion in depth by syntheses, quantum chemical calculations and calorimetric experiments. CO2 brought to the ground by our method shall be feedstock for various branches in chemistry. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.201900269.
A comprehensive overview of China's belt and road initiative and its implication for the region and beyond
Authors: Rahman Zia Ur
Published: September 2020

The primary objective of this study is to present the background and overview of the Chinese belt and road initiative (BRI) project while exploring views, opinions, skepticisms, and challenges related to this initiative. President Xi Jinping initiated the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the 21st‐century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) to boost regional cooperation, which was later officially named as the One Built One Road (OBOR) or BRI. To this date, more than 65 nations from Asia, Europe, and Northeast Africa have joined the “BRI,” to revive the old silk road. In an official document, “the Vision and Action of the OBOR,” China plans to realize five cooperation and development plans, comprising of six intercontinental economic corridors. These projects are expected to bring collective economic growth in BRI member economies while keeping China at the heart of such development. The five main facets of “OBOR” cooperation include infrastructure connectivity, policy communications, finance, trade, and people‐to‐people bonds to encourage regional cooperation and mutual growth.
Avoiding employee deviance in the hotel industry: Investigating the mediating effect of trust in leadership
Authors: Tarkang Marymagdaline Enowmbi , Ozturen Ali , Nange Ruth Yunji
Published: September 2020

The current paper observes the effect of ethics in leadership on employees trust, affective commitments, and deviance behaviors. Ethical behavior, choices of supervisors and managers, and apprehension of the establishments where deviant activities are supported by workers will be vital. The impression of corrupt morals appears to be a risk to the achievement of the institution. This study made use of a method using a convenience sample. Statistics of 264 workers of sampled hotels were used to obtain the opinions of the respondents about the constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and correlation analysis were used to assess the main consequences and examine the causality among associated variables. The outcomes displayed revealed that ethical leadership can boost workers' trust in their leaders. Thus, workers can be successfully devoted to their tasks and have no motive to indulge in nonconformity actions when they trust in the leadership of their management. The outcomes showed that trust in leaders by staff definitely influences affective commitments and were against unconventional deviance behaviors, as seen from the consequences, outcomes, practical implications, and suggestions recommended, when making decisions, by future scholars.
Dynamic co‐movements across forex, gold, crude oil and Indian equity market
Authors: Nautiyal Neeraj
Published: September 2020

The research seeks to assess whether the Indian capital market is following a sustainable equilibrium relationship with gold, oil and currency exchange in long and short intervals or not. The study uses autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)‐unrestricted error correction model (UECM) Bounds test over 25 years from 1990 to 2016. The result indicates that equity indices are cointegrated and has a relationship for a long run with gold and currency exchange. Volatility in gold prices and currency exchange affects equity performance for a long and short interval of time. Only oil price movements affect the currency exchange rate in long‐run. No other variable makes any impact on it in short‐run. The outcome supports gold that appeared as an alternative investment asset class in the investors' community. The report features the necessity to structure policies so that currency exchange gestures and financial return volatility can be monitored and controlled with gold and oil prices as instruments.
China's Belt and Road Initiative: Implications for intra‐regional trade in Africa
Authors: Kalu Kenneth , Farrell Carlyle , Lin Xiaohua
Published: September 2020

This paper considers the prospects and promises of continent‐wide infrastructure projects under China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and its implications for intra‐regional trade and economic development in Africa. Building on the supply side theory of trade and economic development, and taking cognizance of the impacts of asymmetric market sizes on trade integration, this paper argues that continent‐wide infrastructure projects are perhaps not the biggest constraints to intra‐Africa trade. Consequently, the paper recommends caution in pursuing regional infrastructure projects under the BRI. Given that the economies of most African countries depend largely on natural resources, the BRI could be adopted strategically to establish and manage infrastructure projects that would relax the binding constraints to structural transformation and allow for the development of manufacturing and/or service capabilities in the respective countries, especially in niche areas.
The two‐ to three‐second time window of shot durations in movies
Authors: Chen Shuai , Cai Mengtong , Bao Yan
Published: September 2020

Movie shots of singular scenes have a preferential duration of 2 to 3 s regardless of producers, movie types, and cultural environments. This observation suggests that the temporal structure of movies matches a neural mechanism of information processing in the time domain.