bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Más allá del naturalismo y del constructivismo social: la función de la fenomenología en la investigación sobre el dolor
Authors: Geniusas Saulius
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo situar a pesquisa contemporânea sobre a dor e delimitar as diferentes metodologias aplicadas na análise deste tema. O objetivo deste estudo é argumentar contra a posição que defende que o naturalismo e o construtivismo social são os únicos possíveis pontos de partida no campo da pesquisa da dor. Pretende-‑se mostrar que essas duas correntes se baseiam em pressupostos cuja explicação filosófica requer uma fenomenologia da dor. Dado que esses pressupostos dizem respeito ao conceito de dor, tentarei oferecer uma visão crítica de algumas conceções estabelecidas, além de apresentar o que chamarei de definição fenomenológica de dor.
Testemunho e interpretação na filosofia de P. Ricoeur
Authors: Portocarrero Maria Luísa
Published: May 2020

Procura-‑se compreender com este artigo os motivos da hermenêutica do testemunho em P. Ricoeur. Tentamos mostrar como esta categoria, de cariz eminentemente ético, é importante numa reflexão sobre o existir que não parte já da pura espontaneidade do cogito, mas da necessidade de uma reflexão mediata sobre a condição humana, isto é, sobre as suas ações, decisões e modos de estar-‑no-‑mundo. Não há para o filósofo qualquer compreensão que o sujeito possa ter de si mesmo que não esteja mediada por signos, símbolos e textos. Daqui o valor ético de uma recuperação hermenêutica do testemunho, da história e do tesouro dos grandes símbolos das várias culturas que nos influenciaram. É a dialética da atestação pessoal de capacidades, no exercício do testemunho, e a dimensão hermenêutica e mesmo metafórica deste que preservam o âmbito histórico e ético da memória e da abertura ao que historicamente ficou por realizar e permanece em aberto, ao nível do absoluto ético desejável.
Marià Villangómez: el fabrisme a les Pitiüses
Authors: Ribes i Marí Enric
Published: May 2020

Pompeu Fabra no va visitar mai les Pitiüses, ni hi va tenir cap relació directa. La seva obra, tanmateix, hi va arribar i hi va arrelar. Hi va tenir un paper important, sens dubte, el menorquí Francesc de B. Moll, que adaptà les normes fabrianes al català de les Balears (sobretot de Mallorca i Menorca). Però qui va ser decisiu en la introducció i l’arrelament dels fabrisme a Eivissa i a Formentera, va ser el poeta Marià Villangómez. Ell va esdevenir el seu primer deixeble en aquestes illes i també va exercir de gramàtic quan va publicar Curs d’iniciació a la llengua. Normes gramaticals. Lectures eivissenques i formentereres, que és una veritable adaptació al parlar de les Pitiüses de l’obra del mestre Fabra i de Moll. En aquest article fem un repàs per tot aquest procés, des de la introducció per Villangómez del fabrisme a Eivissa i Formentera, fins a la consolidació de tot un equip de correctors i professors que en segueixen les ensenyances, les difonen, i les apliquen en les nombroses publicacions que s’hi editen.
Meningitis por Staphylococcus lentus resistente a meticilina asociado a derivación ventriculoperitoneal en lactante menor
Authors: Hernandez Sarmiento Ricardo , Álvarez Olmos Martha , Aguilera Martínez Sara
Published: May 2020

Antecedente: la meningitis bacteriana es una enfermedad con una alta morbilidad a nivel mundial, es una emergencia neurológica en la que un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno reduce las complicaciones, incluso la mortalidad. El Staphylococcus lentus es una bacteria gram positiva, coagulasa negativa, comensal que coloniza la piel de ciertas especies animales, especialmente productoras de comida, y causa infección muy rara vez en humanos.Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de un lactante menor usuario de derivación ventriculoperitoneal por hidrocefalia congénita, que presentó alteración del estado de consciencia dado por estatus convulsivo. Luego, se confirmó que tenía meningitis y bacteriemia por Staphylococcus lentus resistente a meticilina, por lo que completó 21 días de manejo antibiótico con posterior egreso a los 36 días de hospitalización.Conclusión: la meningitis bacteriana es una enfermedad con una alta mortalidad en la población pediátrica, por lo que necesita una oportuna intervención multidisplinaria, así como antibiótico empírico según la epidemiología local y paraclínicos que permitan establecer la etiologia infecciosa.
Comportamiento del peso en recién nacidos tratados con nutrición parenteral
Authors: Sánchez-Consuegra Ricardo , Hernández Vanesa , Hernández Ricardo , Montaño-Bandera Julio
Published: May 2020

Antecedentes La nutrición parenteral es un aporte que debe redituar en la mejoría del crecimiento y desarrollo a corto y largo plazo de los neonatos, en especial de los prematuros. El uso temprano de la nutrición parenteral con los nutrientes en cantidad adecuada debería prevenir la pérdida considerada antes fisiológica del peso de los recién nacidos enfermos.

Objetivo Determinar el comportamiento del peso en neonatos que reciben nutrición parenteral como único aporte nutricional.

Materiales y métodos Estudio descriptivo observacional y prospectivo en 44 neonatos, en su mayor parte prematuros, cuyo único aporte nutricional era la nutrición parenteral vía catéter percutáneo, de ambos sexos, tratados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de la Clínica General San Diego, de Barranquilla, Colombia. Se obtuvieron datos de sexo, edad gestacional, peso en gramos al inicio y final del uso de la nutrición parenteral, peso diario, días de nutrición parenteral y patologías asociadas. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas de frecuencias.

Resultados De los 44 recién nacidos incluidos, 43 fueron pretérmino y un recién nacido a término, con principal diagnóstico de prematurez y dificultad respiratoria, además de sepsis y enterocolitis necrosante. El promedio de incremento del peso al final de la nutrición parenteral fue de 5 a 15 gr/kg/día, con diferencias en cuanto a la progresión del peso basal y final.

Conclusiones La utilización de la nutrición parenteral ayuda a promover el incremento de peso en los neonatos cuando se utiliza por más de tres días.
Modelling the Constraint Effect on Reference Temperature with Finite Element Parameters for Reactor Pressure Vessel Material 20MnMoNi55 Steel
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kushal , Acharyya Sanjib K. , Dhar Sankar , Chattopadhyay Jayanta
Published: May 2020

A series of experiments were performed in the ductile to brittle transition region on three-point bending specimens of different thicknesses and a/W ratio of 20MnMoNi55 steel. master curve and reference temperature (T0) are obtained as per ASTM E1921-02 with different thickness and a/W ratio of the specimen and a variation of T0 is obtained, which indicates constant dependent on T0. Mathematic models are formulated to correlate T0 with Q-stress, T-stress and Triaxiality ratio to count for the constraint loss. Both the average value and also the maximum value of the finite element parameters are considered to predict T0 at different constraint label and compared with the experimental results.
Investigation of kerf Characteristics in Abrasive Water Jet Machining of Inconel 600 using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Singh Dinesh , Shukla Rajkamal S.
Published: May 2020

Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) has found its application in the manufacturing industries for machining hard materials with precision. A degree of high precision in machining of complex geometries makes AWJM valuable. The selection of optimum process parameters is important to the resulting quality of machined parts. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the machinability of Inconel 600. A response surface methodology (RSM) is used to determine the influence of the AWJM process parameters on the considered performance characteristics, i.e., kerf top width (KTW) and taper angle. The analysis of variance is performed to obtain the contribution and influence of each process parameter on the considered responses. The value of R-Squared obtained for KTW and taper angle using regression model is 0.97 and 0.96 respectively. The optimum setting of the parameters for single and multiple response characteristics are obtained using the desirability analysis of RSM. The results obtained using desirability analysis of RSM is validated by conducting the confirmation experiments. The experimental confirmatory values obtained for the considered performance parameters KTW and taper angle as 27.138 and 0.125 respectively. The corresponding value of error obtained as 0.383 and 0.013 respectively. Further, an optimum set is obtained with KTW as 27.461 mm and taper angle as 0.582° for multiple response optimisation.
Hybrid Data Acquisition and Analysis System for Flowing Medium Lasers
Authors: Dohare Rajeev K. , Siddique Mainuddin , Singhal Gaurav
Published: May 2020

The medium gas lasers involves in-situ generation of the lasing medium, hence are associated with several complex processes including mixing of pumping and lasing species, energy exchange between the species, heat generation during reaction and its influence on the flow domain to list a few. Thus, the characterisation of lasing medium, condition of operation of individual critical subsystems and corresponding phenomenon thereof is essential in real time. It is here that a customised data acquisition and analysis system (DAAS) plays a key role. The paper dwells on the realisation of a customised hybrid DAAS with a master-slave architecture, which is portable and provides remote system operation. The noteworthy aspects of the developed DAAS include capability to handle close to 150 channels [64 analog input, 64 digital output, 5 analog output and 17 digital input] simultaneously with varied sampling rates requirement ranging from 100 samples/s to 200 k samples/s, modularity in design enabling scalability. Further, the efficacy of the developed DAAS has been tested by conducting several real time experiments with an existing chemical oxygen iodine laser source with a mass flow rate of 2.3 moles.s-1 both from close ranges and at line of sight remote distances of up to 80 m and nearly 35 m with obstacles.
High Accuracy Parameter Estimation for Advanced Radar Identification of Electronic Intelligence System
Authors: Niranjan R.K. , Singh A.K. , Rao C.B. Rama
Published: May 2020

Radar identification is one of the vital operations in an electronic intelligence system. The conventional methods based on basic parameters comparison of unique identification of a radar in a cluster of similar radars, is prone to ambiguities. To meet the current tactical requirements of unique identification of a radar, the methodology needs to be based on better feature extraction, even in low SNR conditions. The paper explores a novel technique based on moving autocorrelation for the extraction of intra-pulse and inter-pulse radar parameters. Extensive simulation and empirical studies have been carried out to establish the approach to extend accurate radar parameters in noisy and low SNR conditions. The technique is found to be promising even in field data conditions. The paper describes the methodology, simulation results, FPGA implementation using system generator and resource utilisation summary.
Military Fabrics: A Matter of Life and Death
Authors: Davies Nicola
Published: May 2020

Military combat uniforms are primarily designed with the goal of increasing the combat effectiveness of the soldiers who wear them. Incorporating features such as camouflage patterns to make them less likely to be spotted in certain terrains, and flame-resistance to reduce their vulnerability
to fire, military uniforms can literally be a matter of life and death. Today, technological advances have drastically increased the features that can be incorporated into the fabric of military outfits to give soldiers an even greater advantage.
Ethical dilemmas that school administrators and teachers experience: Reasons and coping strategies
Authors: Erdoğan Onur , Sezgin Ferudun
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research is to identify ethical dilemmas experienced by school administrators and teachers working in public middle schools, the reasons of these ethical dilemmas and the coping strategies used by administrators and teachers. In accordance with this purpose, phenomenological research design was used in this study. Criterion sampling and maximum variation sampling were chosen to determine participantsconsisting of 10 school principals, 10 assistant principals, and 10 teachers. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews prepared by the researcher. Results revealed that school principals, assistant principals, and teachers experience dilemmas in behavioral, structural, political, and systemic aspects. School principals and teachers mainly solve ethical dilemmas completely during the solution process while assistant principals mostly employ partially solving strategies. School principals and teachers commonly use the strategies of establishing a dialogue and receiving opinions in the process of solving ethical dilemmas as well as the strategy of unilateral decision making. Suggestions concerning the prevention and effective management of ethical dilemmas were offered to the Ministry of Education, provincial organizations, school administrators, teachers and researchers.
Pengaruh suplementasi β-carotene terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan kadar malondialdehida pada tikus sprague dawley yang diinduksi Streptozotocin
Authors: Soviana Elida , Rachmawati Banundari , Widyastiti Nyoman Suci
Published: May 2020

Background : Hyperglycemia on diabetes mellitus can cause increasing of free radicals production. Free radicals caused lipid peroxidation reaction by forming malondialdehyde (MDA). β-carotene has antioxidant activity may inhibit the formation of ROS.Objective : To prove the effect of multilevel doses β-carotene 1 mg/kg BW, 20 mg/kg BW and 20 mg/kg BW on alternate days within 30 days orally supplementation on blood glucose level and MDA level on Sprague Dawley male rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods : Thirty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: X1=Negative control/diabetic, X2 (STZ 40 mg/kg BW + BC 1 mg/kg BW), X3 (STZ 40 mg/kg BW + BC 10mg/kg BW), X4 (STZ 40 mg/kg BW + BC 20 mg/kg BW), X5 (technic control/non diabetic). β-Carotene supplementation was given by nasogastric tube on alternate days within thirty days. Blood glucose level was measured by GOD-PAP and MDA level by ELISA with TBARS methods. Data was analized using paired t-test, wilcoxon, one way anova and post hoc bonferroni. Results : there was a significant difference of blood glucose level (p = 0,0001) and MDA level (p = 0,0001) after suplementation β-carotene on alternate days within 30 days orally. β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW was the most effective and efficient dose to lowering blood glucose, while 20 mg/kg BW to lowering MDA level. Conclusion : The multilevel doses β-carotene (1 mg/kg BW, 10 mg/kg BW and 20 mg/kg BW) on alternate days within 30 days orally supplementation can decrease blood glucose and MDA level. β-carotene 10 mg/kg BW is the most effecetive and efficient to decrease blood glucose and β-carotene 20 mg/kg BW to decrease MDA level.
Kandungan beta karoten, polifenol total dan aktifitas ”merantas” radikal bebas kefir susu kacang hijau (Vigna radiata) oleh pengaruh jumlah starter (Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Candida kefir) dan konsentrasi glukosa
Authors: Supriyono Teguh , Murwani Retno , Nurrahman Nurrahman
Published: May 2020

Background: Kefir is a well known fermented dairy milk product which is functional for gut health. However kefir can also be made from vegetable milk such as soy or mungbean milk. Objective: To study the chemical  and functional property of Mungbean milk (MBM) Kefir Methods:Mungbean milk was fermented into MBM Kefir using Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Candida kefir. Three levels of cultures and glucose concentration were tested and a complete randomized design experiment was employed. The resulting MBM Kefir were tested for β-carotene level, total polyphenol content, and free radical scavenging activity. Beta carotene level, total polyphenols and free radicals scavenging activity were determined by spectrophotometry, Folin-Ciocalteu method, and DPPH radical scavenging assay respectively. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and when the result of ANOVA was significant, Tukey’s multiple comparison was conducted. Results: Culture concentration increased  β-carotene level (p = 0.049), total polyphenol (p = 0.015) and free radical scavenging activity (p = 0,000) of MBM kefir. Glucose concentration increased total polyphenol (p = 0.002), but had no effect on free radical scavenging activity and β-carotene level. However, there were no interaction among treatments at 0.05 significance level. Total acid level ranged from 1.57 to 2.54%, with the highest and level at 15% cultures concentration and 15% glucose concentration. Alcohol level ranged from 0.26 to 0.90% which was in accordance with the maximum standard for kefir (1%). Conclusion: An optimal product of mungbean milk kefir with highest free radical scavenging activity can be obtained using 15% cultures (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Candida kefir) and 10% glucose concentration.
Karakteristik makanan pendamping ASI balita yang disubstitusi dengan tepung ikan lele dan labu kuning
Authors: Noer Etika Ratna , Rustanti Ninik , Leiyla Elvizahro
Published: May 2020

Background: When breast milk is no longer enough to meet the nutritional needs of the infant, complementary foods should be added. Complementary feeding should be start giving from 6 months onwards. The period from 6-months of age is a very vulnerable period. It is the time when malnutrition starts in many infants. One form of complementary feeding which are hygienic, and ready to serve is an instant baby food. Utilization of local food such as catfish (Pangasius sp) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) as a source of protein and beta-carotene may increase the nutrient content of complementary feeding. Objective: This study was designed to analyze the difference of nutrients content, bulk density, and acceptability among the percentage varieties of catfish and pumpkin flour substitution on instant baby porridge. Methods: An experimental study with a single factor completely randomized design. The experiment carried out by combining the percentage of catfish and pumpkin flour substitution in to 4 formulas. The nutrients content that were analyzed are levels of protein, betacarotene, fat, and carbohydrate. Statistical analysis of the nutrients content, bulk density, and acceptability using One Way ANOVA test CI 95% followed by Tukey posthoc test. Results: Instant baby food recommended is the substitution of catfish 20% and 15% pumpkin. Servings (25 g) instant baby food to meet the 34% and 102% of protein adequacy adequacy of vitamin A. Conclusion: Instant baby porridge substituted with catfish and pumpkin flour are high in protein and vitamin A, appropriate to the bulk density, and acceptable.
Front Matter
Authors: Indonesia Jurnal Gizi
Published: May 2020

Cover Depan; Halaman Dewan Redaksi; Focus & Scope; Editorial Team; Preface; Daftar Isi
Pengaruh suplementasi glisin terhadap kadar serum transferrin receptor (stfr) dan kadar hemoglobin (hb)
Authors: Ayu Z Dian
Published: May 2020

Background: Iron deficiency anemia ( IDA) is still become a health problem in female adolescents. Iron supplementation only as a treatment for IDA still can not reach an optimum results. With that result, there was necessary to developing a strategy for iron supplementation, once treatment with glicyne .Objective: to describe the effect of glycine supplementation on serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels and Hemoglobin (Hb) levels in female teenagers with IDA.Methods: This study was quasi experimental, pre post test control group design. The population was female teenagers age 12 – 18 years, Hb < 12 mg/dl, sTfR > 18,4 nmol/L, involving 50 subjects, devided into two groups. The first group was experiment group that given the supplement of 60 mg iron and 1 gr glycine a day for 4 weeks. The second group was control group that given the supplement of only 60 mg iron a day for 4 weeks. The data were analyzed with bivariate test, paired t test, independent t test.Results: There was significantly lower decreased of sTfR levels in treatment group 6,923±10,13 nmol/L than control group 0.809,65±9,076 nmol/L with p=0,008, and significant increased of Hb levels in both treatment group 0,79±1,15 mg/dl and control group 0,22±0,48 mg/dl with p=0,03. Conclusion: Glycine supplementation for 4 weeks decreased sTfR levels in female teenagers with IDA before controlled by vitamin c intake (p=0,04) and after controlled by vitamin c intake variable (p=0,002) and increased Hb levels before controlled by vitamin c intake (p=0,02) and after controlled by vitamin c intake variable (p=0,04).
Study of the Behavior of Moisture Absorption and Swelling in High Filler Loading Kenaf Core/Bast Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Aziz Nurul Faiizin Abdul , Ahmad Zakiah , Puaad Muhammad Bazli Faliq Mohd
Published: May 2020

One of the major concerns of wood plastic composite for outdoor application is moisture absorption and thickness swelling (TS). This study investigates the effect of temperature on moisture absorption and TS characteristics of kenaf reinforced polyethylene composite (KPeC). The kenaf materials (core and bast) are at a ratio of 60:10 and were treated with 10 % magnesium chloride (MgCl2). For the preparation of composites, the weight ratio of the kenaf filler (containing core and bast) to high-density polyethylene matrix was 70:22 (wt./wt.), and the weight of the coupling agent in the formulation was 3 wt. %. The composites were prepared using a hot compression molding. The effect of temperature and humidity on the properties of the KPeCs were determined following conditioning at different temperature and relative humidity (RH) combinations, namely 20°C-95%RH, 30°C-95%RH, 50°C-95%RH, and soaking in water at 20°C. The KPeCs were conditioned at various combinations of temperature and RH (20°C-95%RH, 30°C-95%RH, 50°C-95%RH, and soaking in water at 20°C) and the effects of these various conditions on the properties of KPeCs were determined. At 95% RH exposure, the moisture absorption and swelling rate of both composites increased as the temperature increased. All KPeCs at different exposures exhibited Fickian behavior except for KPeCControl and KPeC10%-MgCl2 when aged at 20°C-95%RH.
Effect of Plural Spray Coating Process Parameters on Bonding Strength of Polyurea with Steel and Aluminum for Liquid Storage Applications
Authors: Arunkumar T. , Anand G. , Venkatachalam P. , Anish M. , Jayaprabakar J. , Sajin J. B.
Published: May 2020

The intention of surface coating is to improve the lifespan of the hazardous liquid storage tank to avoid the catastrophic failure by corrosion or leakage. Water or oxygen present inside the storage tanks tends to permeate through the substrate because of the poor adhesive properties, leading to corrosion, leakage, etc. Recently, polyurea (PU) has been widely used as a surface coating to protect the material under various harsh loads and climatic conditions. However, ultimate variation in the efficiency of PU coating is with respect to various coating process parameters. Herein, the plural spray coating process parameters, namely mixing ratio, temperature, coating pressure, and stand-off distance on the bonding strength of PU coating with steel and aluminium, were optimized. Furthermore, with the help of the Taguchi method, the optimum process parameters and their corresponding levels were identified, and it was found that each response has a different best process parameter. To circumvent this, Grey relational analysis (GRA) was carried out, and it has improved the overall efficiency of both the substrates by nearly 10 %.
MECP2Duplication Causes Aberrant GABA Pathways, Circuits and Behaviors in Transgenic Monkeys: Neural Mappings to Patients with Autism
Authors: Cai Dan-Chao , Wang Zhiwei , Bo Tingting , Yan Shengyao , Liu Yilin , Liu Zhaowen , Zeljic Kristina , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhan Yafeng , Xu Xiu , Du Yasong , Wang Yingwei , Cang Jing , Wang Guang-Zhong , Zhang Jie , Sun Qiang , Qiu Zilong , Ge Shengjin , Ye Zheng , Wang Zheng
Published: May 2020

MECP2gain-of-function and loss-of-function in genetically engineered monkeys recapitulates typical phenotypes in patients with autism, yet whereMECP2mutation affects the monkey brain and whether/how it relates to autism pathology remain unknown. Here we report a combination of gene–circuit–behavior analyses includingMECP2coexpression network, locomotive and cognitive behaviors, and EEG and fMRI findings in 5MECP2overexpressed monkeys (Macaca fascicularis; 3 females) and 20 wild-type monkeys (Macaca fascicularis; 11 females). Whole-genome expression analysis revealedMECP2coexpressed genes significantly enriched in GABA-related signaling pathways, whereby reduced β-synchronization within fronto-parieto-occipital networks was associated with abnormal locomotive behaviors. Meanwhile,MECP2-induced hyperconnectivity in prefrontal and cingulate networks accounted for regressive deficits in reversal learning tasks. Furthermore, we stratified a cohort of 49 patients with autism and 72 healthy controls of 1112 subjects using functional connectivity patterns, and identified dysconnectivity profiles similar to those in monkeys. By establishing a circuit-based construct link between genetically defined models and stratified patients, these results pave new avenues to deconstruct clinical heterogeneity and advance accurate diagnosis in psychiatric disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder with co-occurring symptoms caused by multiple genetic variations and brain circuit abnormalities. To dissect the gene–circuit–behavior causal chain underlying ASD, animal models are established by manipulating causative genes such asMECP2. However, it is unknown whether such models have captured any circuit-level pathology in ASD patients, as demonstrated by human brain imaging studies. Here, we use transgenic macaques to examine the causal effect ofMECP2overexpression on gene coexpression, brain circuits, and behaviors. For the first time, we demonstrate that the circuit abnormalities linked toMECP2and autism-like traits in the monkeys can be mapped to a homogeneous ASD subgroup, thereby offering a new strategy to deconstruct clinical heterogeneity in ASD.
The role of microRNA-23b-5p in regulating brown adipogenesis and thermogenic program
Authors: You Lianghui , Wang Yan , Gao Yao , Wang Xingyun , Cui Xianwei , Zhang Yanyan , Pang Lingxia , Ji Chenbo , Guo Xirong , Chi Xia
Published: May 2020

Enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and activity have been demonstrated to promote the expenditure of excess stored energy and reduce prevalence of obesity. Cold is known as a potent stimulator of BAT and activates BAT primarily through the β3-adrenergic-cAMP signaling. Here, we performed RNA-sequencing to identify differential miRNAs in mouse BAT upon cold exposure and a total of 20 miRNAs were validated. With the treatment of CL-316,243 (CL) and forskolin (Fsk) in mouse and human differentiated brown adipocyte cells in vitro, miR-23b-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-135-5p, miR-491-5p, and miR-150-3p expression decreased and miR-455-5p expression increased. Among these deferentially expressed miRNAs, miR-23b-5p expression was differentially regulated in activated and aging mouse BAT and negatively correlated with Ucp1 expression. Overexpression of miR-23b-5p in the precursor cells from BAT revealed no significant effects on lipid accumulation, but diminished mitochondrial function and decreased expression of BAT specific markers. Though luciferase reporter assays did not confirm the positive association of miR-23b-5p with the 3′UTRs of the predicted target Ern1, miR-23b-5p overexpression may affect brown adipocyte thermogenic capacity mainly through regulating genes expression involving in lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation pathways. Our results suggest that miRNAs are involved in cold-mediated BAT thermogenic activation and further acknowledged miR-23b-5p as a negative regulator in controlling thermogenic programs, further providing potential molecular therapeutic targets to increase surplus energy and treat obesity.
Improving Prediction Accuracy Using Multi-allelic Haplotype Prediction and Training Population Optimization in Wheat
Authors: Sallam Ahmad H , Conley Emily , Prakapenka Dzianis , Da Yang , Anderson James A
Published: May 2020

The use of haplotypes may improve the accuracy of genomic prediction over single SNPs because haplotypes can better capture linkage disequilibrium and genomic similarity in different lines and may capture local high-order allelic interactions. Additionally, prediction accuracy could be improved by portraying population structure in the calibration set. A set of 383 advanced lines and cultivars that represent the diversity of the University of Minnesota wheat breeding program was phenotyped for yield, test weight, and protein content and genotyped using the Illumina 90K SNP Assay. Population structure was confirmed using single SNPs. Haplotype blocks of 5, 10, 15, and 20 adjacent markers were constructed for all chromosomes. A multi-allelic haplotype prediction algorithm was implemented and compared with single SNPs using both k-fold cross validation and stratified sampling optimization. After confirming population structure, the stratified sampling improved the predictive ability compared with k-fold cross validation for yield and protein content, but reduced the predictive ability for test weight. In all cases, haplotype predictions outperformed single SNPs. Haplotypes of 15 adjacent markers showed the best improvement in accuracy for all traits; however, this was more pronounced in yield and protein content. The combined use of haplotypes of 15 adjacent markers and training population optimization significantly improved the predictive ability for yield and protein content by 14.3 (four percentage points) and 16.8% (seven percentage points), respectively, compared with using single SNPs and k-fold cross validation. These results emphasize the effectiveness of using haplotypes in genomic selection to increase genetic gain in self-fertilized crops.
Meta-analysis of Diets Used inDrosophilaMicrobiome Research and Introduction of theDrosophilaDietary Composition Calculator (DDCC)
Authors: Lesperance Danielle N A , Broderick Nichole A
Published: May 2020

Nutrition is a major factor influencing many aspects of Drosophila melanogaster physiology. However, a wide range of diets, many of which are termed “standard” in the literature, are utilized for D. melanogaster research, leading to inconsistencies in reporting of nutrition-dependent phenotypes across the field. This is especially evident in microbiome studies, as diet has a pivotal role in microbiome composition and resulting host-microbe interactions. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of diets used in fly microbiome research and provide a web-based tool for researchers to determine the nutritional content of diets of interest. While our meta-analysis primarily focuses on microbiome studies, our goal in developing these resources is to aid the broader community in contextualizing past and future studies across the scope of D. melanogaster research to better understand how individual lab diets can contribute to observed phenotypes.
Incidencia de las condiciones de clima en el desarrollo y producción de semillas de Salvia hispanica L.
Authors: Busilacchi Héctor Abel , Coronel Carolina Noelia , Bueno Mirian Susana , Gonzalez Mirian del Pilar , Müller Diego Raúl , Quiroga Mirta , Severin Cecilia Rosa
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la incidencia de las condiciones climáticas sobre el cultivo de Salvia hispanica L., conocida comercialmente como Chía, durante las campañas 2014 y 2015, para la zona núcleo de la pampa húmeda, centro-sur de Santa Fe (Argentina). La siembra se hizo en una parcela de 2 ha en el Campo experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA) de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), en la localidad de Zavalla (Santa Fe). Se emplearon semillas provenientes de lotes comerciales cultivados en la provincia de Salta y las evaluaciones durante ambas compañas fueron: altura de plantas, número de espigas por planta, peso de 1000 semillas y poder germinativo de las semillas cosechadas. Se observó que las heladas ocurridas no afectaron el desarrollo del cultivo. Como consecuencia de las abundantes precipitaciones y de las menores temperaturas registradas en la campaña 2014 con respecto a las de 2015, en la primera ocurrió una fuerte incidencia del hongo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, que provocó que el número de espigas por planta (16) y el peso de 1000 semillas (0.904 g) fueran inferiores a las obtenidas en 2015 (78 espigas/planta y 1297 g el peso de 1000 semillas), junto a la aparición de semillas vanas y a un descenso del poder germinativo. Las condiciones de clima presentes durante el ciclo de cultivo de S. hispanica en la pampa húmeda tienen una incidencia directa en el desarrollo de la planta y en la producción y calidad de los frutos cosechados.
Variabilidad climática y disponibilidad hídrica en los valles de Ubaté, Chiquinquira y Alto Chicamocha, Colombia
Authors: Fajardo Rojas Alexandra Estefania
Published: May 2020

En este estudio se analiza la variabilidad climática de dos regiones de importancia agropecuaria en los departamentos de Boyacá y Cundinamarca (Colombia). Se identifican comportamientos modales de variables climáticas de interés agropecuario, así mismo, se realiza el análisis intra-anual de eventos extremos y se identifican áreas con deficiencias y excesos hídricos a través de un balance hidroclimático. Además, se identifican zonas con mayor frecuencia de condiciones de deficiencias y excesos hídricos en el suelo a escala mensual por medio del Índice de Severidad de Sequía de Palmer (PSDI). Los resultados indican que ambas zonas de estudio no muestran grandes diferencias climáticas entre sí, sin embargo, es importante realizar el estudio por separado con la intención de proporcionar información local de utilidad para los productores. Saboyá en el Valle de Ubaté y Chiquinquirá y Sotaquirá en el Alto Chicamocha son altamente afectados por eventos tanto de deficiencia como exceso hídrico. El evento El Niño 1997 tuvo un impacto más fuerte en el área del Valle de Ubaté y Chiquinquirá, mientras que en el Alto Chicamocha se registró la mayor reducción de la precipitación en 1992, lo que coincidió con un evento El Niño. En cuanto a excesos hídricos, 2011 registró aumentos superiores a 50% en la precipitación en las regiones del estudio, este comportamiento responde al evento La Niña registrado ese año.
Yield and popping expansion components in local popcorn varieties from Southern Brazil
Authors: Bernardo Gonçalves Gabriel Moreno , Burg Mayer Luana , De Souza Rosenilda , Bernardi Ogliari Juliana
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate grain yield (GY), popping expansion (PE), popping expansion disregarding the weight of unpopped kernels (PEW), and eleven other agronomic and morphological traits of 14 local popcorn varieties (LPV) from far west of the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Two experiments were carried out, in a completely randomized block design with three replications, in different regions of Santa Catarina: one in the municipality of Florianópolis (east coast) and the other in Anchieta (western). Grain yield had the highest positive correlation with prolificacy (PRL) (r = 0.72) and number of grains per row (NGR) (r = 0.71), and a negative correlation with caryopsis circularity index (CCI) (r = −0.67). Variable PEW showed a positive correlation with CCI (r = 0.70) and with thickness/width ratio (TWR) (r = 0.70). Variety 574A stood out for high PE and PRL. The improvement of composite populations and of populations per se is a potential breeding strategy for LPV, based on the complementarity and correlation among variables and the GY, PE, and PEW values, CCI – HEP – first ear height/plant height relation, PH – plant height; PRL – WHG – weight of 100 grains; VHG - volume of 100 grains; EL – ear length; NRE – number of rows per ear; NGR – number of grains per row of ear; ED – ear diameter.
Chemical profile of the volatiles of Baccharis salicifolia (Asteraceae) and interaction with Macrodactylus nigripes (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae)
Authors: Silva Ericka Nieves , Romero-López Angel A.
Published: May 2020

Plant products or substances mediate interactions among organisms from different trophic levels, including phytophagous insects. These interactions have been cited in a chemical-ecology context for species of Coleoptera Melolonthidae. However, there are no previous reports of these interactions among melolonthid beetles species distributed in Mexico and host plants. For the above, the interaction between adults of ‘rose chafer’ Macrodactylus nigripes Bates (Coleoptera:Melolonthidae) and ‘seep willow’ shrub Baccharis salicifolia (Ruíz and Pav.) Pers. (Asteraceae) was recorded and the leaves volatiles of seep willow that might be involved in the attraction of these insects were extracted and identified. The sequence of behavior patterns that conforms this interaction was described. Females of M. nigripes emerge from the soil and flight to the leaves of seep willow shrubs. Each female settled on leaf and they place their mandibles on the leaf margin and start moving them from right to left to obtain small leaf fragments to ingest. In addition, females exhibit a similar ‘calling’ behavior as well as the others species. Following the females, males emerge from the soil and repeat the females’ behavior, approaching them for mating. A list of the leaves volatiles of seep willow was generated by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and coupled gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS), where the most abundant chemicals were α-pinene, trimethylindan and cyclohexylbenzene. These compounds have been previously reported in other plant species, including some species considered as host plants for Melolonthidae.
Optimization of the process of freeze-drying and comparison with convective drying of Russian tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.).
Authors: Ramírez Monsalve Juliana María , Cortes Rodríguez Misael , Hincapié Llanos Carlos Augusto
Published: May 2020

Drying is a conservation process that may adversely affect the nutritional and organoleptic properties of the product. The present study was developed in the Laboratory of food quality control, at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín headquarters. The aim of this work was the experimental optimization of the freeze-drying process (LIO) of the Russian tarragon leaves (Artemisia drancunculus L.) to preserve, in the best possible way, its properties. We used a tray freeze dryer, where the material was frozen from 25 °C to -40 °C, at a speed of 0.22 °C/min. The optimization was carried out using response surface methodology with an optimal design, as a function of independent variable plate heating rates (0.03 – 0.06 °C/min) from -40 °C to 35 °C, holding the temperature of the plate at 35ºC for one hour. The dependent variables were moisture content, water activity (aw), antioxidant activity, color and drying time. The product dried in the optimum condition was compared with another drying by forced convection (SC). The freeze-drying time process presented statistically significant differences with the plate heating speed (VCP). LIO Optimal condition was obtained at a VCP of 0.06 °C/min for 20.8 hours. The dried products with both methods showing showed statistically significant differences in aw, moisture, DPPH, and color, but not in total phenol content. The LIO products showed better properties than SC products, preserving, in a best way, its color and antioxidant activity in comparison to fresh plant.
In vitro establishment of Monstera acuminata Koch and Monstera deliciosa Liebm
Authors: Casanova Palomeque Nancy Mariel , Bertolini Vincenzo , Iracheta Donjuan Leobardo
Published: May 2020

In this paper we present the bases for the aseptic establishment of Monstera acuminata Koch and Monstera deliciosa Liebm (Araceae) from leaves and the induction of in vitro organogenesis of M. acuminata K. from discs of stems of young shoots. Different disinfection protocols were applied to mature leaves and young shoots, from which foliar explants of 1 cm2 of both species were extracted, and stem disks approximately 1 mm of thick in M. acuminata K. The explants were established in semi-solid media with different hormonal treatments during the stage of aseptic establishment and induction of organogenesis. Disinfection with 3 % of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) for 20 min and 50 % Murashige y Skoog medium (1962) with PPM, led to less oxidation in the leaf explants of both species. All the explants in the two treatments belonging to M. deliciosa, grown in medium added with PPM and different disinfection protocols, survived, did not present contamination and more than 80 % maintained answer’s capacity until 49 days of culture. After 35 days of culture, with disinfection in Tween 20 + Ethanol 20% + 2.5% NaClO, and sowing of the explants in the MS medium added with 1 mg/l of BAP, 0.5 mg/l of AIA and 0.1 mg/l of ANA were indueces seven new shoots of stem disks. M. deliciosa had better ability to adapt to in vitro conditions. Advances in the establishment and induction of organogenesis in native araceas for wicker production are the basis for ex situ conservation of local populations.
Nutritional contents in Myrciaria dubia plants in function of in Potassium doses applied through fertigation
Authors: Abanto-Rodríguez Carlos , Alves Chagas Edvan , Farias Araújo Wellintong , Lopes Monteiro Neto João Luiz , Medeiros de Oliveira Eduardo , Gonçalves Paulichi Matheus , García de Lima João Vitor , Da Silva Maia Sonicley , Sanchez José Sanchez-Choy , Panduro Tenazoa Nadia Masaya
Published: May 2020

The objective in this study was to determine the nutrient contents in Myrciaria dubia plants in function of five K2O doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) applied through fertigation.  Leaf dry matter (LDM), total dry matter (TDM), and leaf nutrient contents were evaluated.  The LDM and TDM were higher in plants subjected to the dose of 160 kg ha-1 of K2O, with 52.44 g and 302.69 g, respectively.  Leaf N and K contents were 22.15 and 9.48 g kg-1 in response to 160 kg ha-1 of K2O.  The mean P, Ca and S contents were 1.6, 17.89 and 1.61 g kg-1, respectively, and the content of Mg2 + decreased from 5.62 to 2.74 g kg-1 at the dose of 0 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O, respectively.  The B, Mn and Fe contents decreased from 136.5 to 100.0, 346.24 to 248, and from 142.06 to 97.35 mg kg-1 at the dose of 0 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O, respectively.  The mean Cu and Zn contents were 3.81 and 40,54 mg kg-1, respectively, at the K2O doses.  The nutrient content determined in the leaves of M. dubia were adequate for the development of the species in the first year of cultivation, presenting the following decreasing order: N> Ca> K> Mg> P = S> Mn> B> Fe > Zn> Cu.
Efecto de pretatamientos en la prueba de tetrazolio en semillas de Epidendrum barbaricum Hágsater & Dodson
Authors: Salazar Mercado Seir Antonio , Botello Delgado Edison Alexander , Quintero Caleño Jesús David
Published: May 2020

Las orquídeas son afectadas por varios factores que perjudican su propagación. En este estudio se evaluaron diferentes métodos de pre-acondicionamento para potenciar la prueba de tetrazolio en semillas de Epidendrum barbaricum. Inicialmente las cápsulas maduras fueron recolectadas en la ciudad de Pasto, departamento de Nariño (Colombia), las cuales fueron sometidas a los pretratamientos: inmersión en agua destilada, hipoclorito al 1%, alcohol al 10% y sacarosa al 10%, antes de ser lavadas con agua destilada y tratadas con concentraciones de 2,3,5- cloruro trifenil tetrazolio (0.25%, y 1%) durante tiempos de exposición de 6, 12, 24 y 48 horas. Para las aplicaciones fueron utilizadas jeringas de 5 ml con filtro de tela. Los resultados del test de viabilidad fueron validados con la prueba de germinación in vitro, utilizando el medio de cultivo MS (Murashige and Skoog). Los mejores porcentajes de viabilidad (93%) se encontraron con la aplicación de hipoclorito de sodio, con una alta correlación con el porcentaje de germinación (93%), independiente de la concentración de tetrazolio y un tiempo de exposición de 24 horas.
Responses of sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) seeds from the third recurrent selection cycle during storage
Authors: Rodrigues Daniele Lima , Viana Alexandre Pio , Vieira Henrique Duarte , Santos Eileen Azevedo , E Silva Fernando Higino Lima
Published: May 2020

Conflicting responses have been found for the period of conservation of passion fruit seeds.  Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the response of the seeds of passion fruit progenies to a 24-month storage period.  The sour passion fruit progenies from the third cycle of Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF intrapopulation recurrent selection program were grown in Itaocara- RJ and the progenies seeds were evaluated for:  germination potential, germination first count, accelerated aging, first count of accelerated aging test, seedling and radicle size and germination speed index.  The germination and vigor of the seeds of the full-sib progenies were assessed by analysis of variance and factorial arrangement with 3 progenies and 7 periods of storage and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability.  Progenies 1 and 2 responded better to germination (92% for both progeny) and vigor test of accelerated aging (92% for both progeny), rootlet size (6.4 and 5.8 cm, respectively) and germination speed index (2.91 and 2.85, respectively) during storage.  Variations were observed during the storage period in mean of progenies for germination (81-93%) and vigor for all traits, except accelerated aging (84-91%).  At eight months of storage, the seeds presented increased vigor; at 16 months, they showed reduced vigor.  The passion fruit seeds of the progenies under analysis can be stored for up to 24 months with high and uniform germination rate and no loss in vigor.  The seeds from the passion fruit breeding program showed increases in the variables of germination and vigor during the selection process for fruit production variables, proving the efficiency of the breeding program.
Desarrollar la inteligencia creativa en diseño: repensar la semiótica
Authors: Rodríguez Gómez Sergio
Published: May 2020

La semiótica es un campo de estudio que ofrece herramientas y reflexiones útiles para la práctica del diseño y un recurso valioso en términos pedagógicos. Sin embargo, es común que la semiótica sea vista por los estudiantes de diseño y sus docentes como algo teórico críptico, abundante en teorías, meta-reflexión, términos extraños y oscuros, que guardan poca relación con sus carreras y su vida cotidiana. Esa percepción surge de la manera como se enseña, no de los fundamentos del campo. En este artículo planteo un modelo pedagógico de la semiótica que permite que los estudiantes de diseño adquieran, practiquen  y desarrollen la inteligencia creativa y, de este modo, sean más hábiles y ágiles produciendo objetos/signos exitosos, en términos comunicativos, para los usuarios ideales a los que se dirigen. La inteligencia creativa es una clase de inteligencia que requiere la reflexión hábil y razonada acerca de la producción de signos y de la evaluación de su apreciación. Aquí propongo cómo lo que a veces asumimos como la intuición de los sujetos creativos –la habilidad transparente para resolver problemas artísticos y funcionales– puede potenciarse y hacerse evidente con las herramientas que ofrece la semiótica.