Improved electrical properties of cuprous thiocyanate by lithium doping and its application in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Han Mei-Dou-Xue  , Wang Ya  , Wang Rong-Bo  , Zhao Jun-Tao  , Ren Hui-Zhi  , Hou Guo-Fu  , Zhao Ying  , Zhang Xiao-Dan  , Ding Yi  ,   1) (Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China),   2) (Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China),   3) (Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, China),   4) (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China),   5) (Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300072, China)
Published: August 2022

Perovskite solar cells have attracted extensive attention because of their photoelectric characteristics. Since 2009, the photoelectric conversion rate of the solar cells has soared from 3.8% to 25.7% now. Perovskite materials have become the focus of extensive academic research due to their advantages of high carrier mobility, low exciton binding energy, wide absorption spectrum and high optical absorption coefficient However, organic P-type semiconductor materials are usually used as the hole transport layer in high efficiency perovskite solar cells. For example, Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT: PSS, PTAA, etc. Because Spiro-OMeTAD is difficult to be purified, many hole transport materials containing triphenylamine like Spiro-OMeTAD have been synthesized, such as triphenylamine polymer PTAA. As the conjugate parts of these triphenylamine transport materials are not coplanar and the space is distorted, they cannot form ordered stacks by spin-coating method, so their charge properties are weak, and li-TFSI and tBP are often added to improve the hole transport, so as to achieve better device effects. Moreover, PTAA has the problem of infiltration, and it is difficult to form a completely covered perovskite film on it, which seriously affects the quality and surface morphology of perovskite film. PEDOT: PSS itself has an acidic and corrosive electrode, and is easy to absorb moisture, which will affect the stability of the solar cell. The performance of organic materials will deteriorate seriously under environmental factors such as humidity, temperature and UV irradiation, which will accelerate the aging of perovskite solar cells and become one of the main obstacles to their practical application. In this work, inorganic cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN) was used as a hole transport material, CuSCN is a rich and stable P-type semiconductor material, which has the characteristics of abundant, low cost, high carrier mobility, appropriate energy level, low defect density, good thermal stability and excellent light transmittance. CuSCN is one of the few known compounds with both high optical transparency (its wide band gap is 3.7-3.9 eV) and significant P-type electrical conductivity. Most importantly, CuSCN is inexpensive and can be prepared by solution method at room temperature. And its hole transport properties were improved by lithium doping. On this basis, the surface of CuSCN was modified with PTAA to avoid the interaction between CuSCN and lead iodide (PbI<sub>2</sub>), and the preparation of large-grained and dense perovskite films was realized. Finally, the performance of perovskite solar cells was effectively improved. This work provides a reference strategy for the preparation of stable and efficient perovskite solar cells.