bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of adversities across the lifespan on psychological symptom profiles in late adulthood: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Hilberdink Charlotte E. , van Zuiden Mirjam , Olff Miranda , Roseboom Tessa , de Rooij Susanne R.
Published: September 2022

People commonly face adverse circumstances throughout life, which increases risk for psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, psychosis and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Adversities may occur during different periods in life. Especially adversity during early periods has been suggested to put individuals at risk for adverse mental health outcomes. Here, we investigated whether timing of adversity during the prenatal period, childhood, or mid-to-late adulthood differentially impacted classification into late adulthood symptom profiles. We performed sex-stratified Latent Profile Analysis to identify latent profiles regarding anxious, depressive, psychotic and PTSD symptoms in n=568 Dutch famine birth cohort members (n=294 women, n=274 men, mean age(SD)=72.9(0.8)). Cross-sectional late adulthood symptomatology, childhood traumatic maltreatment and adulthood trauma were based on self-report questionnaires. Prenatal adversity was considered present when individuals were prenatally exposed to the 1944-45 Dutch famine. In both men and women we identified one anxious/depressive profile and three profiles with approximately equal severity of all symptom types within each profile, yet differentiating in overall severity (low, mild, high) between profiles. We additionally found a PTSD symptom profile in women. In men, logistic regression models showed significant associations between prenatal, childhood and adulthood adversity and profile classification, with differential effects depending on timing and most profound effects of child maltreatment. In women, childhood and adulthood adversity significantly increased classification probability into almost all profiles, with no significant effect of prenatal adversity. These findings support a time-dependent and sex-specific impact of adversity during different periods across the lifespan on psychological health, with consequences into late adulthood.
Investigation of Nutritional Level Habits in Sedentary Women According to Body Mass Index
Authors: Taşkin Ali Kemal
Published: September 2022

In this study, it was aimed to examine the nutritional level habits of sedentary women according to body mass index. A total of 504 sedentary women with a mean age of 48.79±3.65 living in Gaziantep city center voluntarily participated in the study. In order to determine the nutritional habits of the subjects participating in the study, a three-factor eating habits questionnaire, which was adapted into Turkish in 2015 by Kıvanç et al., was applied. The "IBM SPSS Statistics 22" package program was used in the statistical analysis of the obtained data, and the normality analysis of the data was tested with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. One-way anavo test was used to compare normally distributed data. In this study, the margin of error was taken as 0.05. As a result of the analysis; It was determined that sedentary women with a high body mass index did not avoid eating at any time of the day, and they needed to eat when they felt restless and lonely. It was also found that these women ate until they finished the food in front of them even when they were full, they saw eating as a philosophy of life and they were not very conscious about nutrition. As a result; The reason for the nutritional irregularities of sedentary women is mostly due to insufficient nutritional knowledge. We believe that it will be possible to correct sedentary women's malnutrition behaviors and gain healthy and correct eating habits through nutrition education.
Hubungan bblr ISPA bayi
Authors: Mutmainna
Published: September 2022

Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyakit saluran pernafasan yang sering di temui pada masyarakat, khususnya pada bayi dan balita di negara dengan pendapatan per kapita rendah dan menengah. Menurut masriadi (2017) ISPA adalah penyakit saluran pernafasan atas atau bawah yang menular dan menimbulkan bebagai spektrum penyakit yang berkisar dari penyakit tanpa gejala atau infeksi ringan hingga penyakit parah dan mematikan tergantung dari faktor yang ada.
Parental socioeconomic status weakly predicts specific cognitive and academic skills beyond general cognitive ability
Authors: Bignardi Giacomo , Mareva Silvana , Astle Duncan
Published: September 2022

Parental socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-established predictor of children's neurocognitive development. Several theories propose that specific cognitive skills are particularly vulnerable. However, this can be challenging to test, because cognitive assessments are not pure measures of distinct neurocognitive processes, and scores across different tests are often highly correlated. Aside from one previous study (Tucker-Drob, 2013), little research has tested if associations between SES and cognition are explained by differences in general cognitive ability rather than specific cognitive skills. Using structural equation modelling, we tested if parental SES is associated with individual cognitive test scores after controlling for latent general cognitive ability. Data from three large-scale cohorts totalling over 16,360 participants from the UK and USA (ages 6-19) were used. Associations between SES and cognitive test scores can mainly (but not entirely) be explained through general cognitive ability. Socioeconomic advantage was associated with particularly strong vocabulary performance, unexplained by general ability. When controlling for general cognitive ability, socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with better executive functions. Better characterizing relationships between cognition and adversity is a crucial first step toward designing interventions to narrow socioeconomic gaps.
RIWAYAT ALAMIAH DAN FIVE LEVEL PREVENTION PENYAKIT DIARE
Authors: Meliyanti Nur
Published: September 2022

Catatan ini berisi tentang pemaparan uraian mengenai riwayat alamiah dan five level prevention dari Penyakit diare.
Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Stroke
Authors: Assiddiq Ahmad Asyraf
Published: September 2022

Suatu penyakit degeneratif yang terjadi ketika pasokan darah ke otak mengalami gangguan atau berkurang akibat penyubatan atau pecahnya pembuluh darah. Tanpa darah otak tidak akan menapatkan oksigen dan nutrisi, sehingga sel-sel pada sebagian area otak akan mati. Akibatnya bagian tubuh yang di kendalikan oleh area otak yang rusak tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik. Berdasaskan penyebabnya, stroke terbagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu: stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik.
Urgensi Kesehatan Mental Dalam Perspektif Abu Zaid Al-Balkhi
Authors: Nisa' Elvina Khoirun
Published: September 2022

Kehidupan manusia yang kini bertopang pada kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi menjadikan kehidupan manusia lebih maju. Disamping itu, juga banyak dari pekerjaan manusia yang terbantu olehnya. Namun siapa sangka, dibalik kehidupan yang semakin maju ini datang pula bersamanya permaslahan yang bersifat multidimensi, baik dari aspek fisik, ekonomi, sosial maupun psikologi. Nyatanya pun kehidupan modern berdampak kesehatan mental manusia. Kesehatan mental merupakan salah satu aspek yang perlu diperhatikan disamping kesehatan fisik itu sendiri. Dan dalam pembahasan ini pemakalah hendak mengahadirkan pembahasan berkaitan urgensi kesehatan mental yang merujuk pada salah satu tokoh ternama Islam yaitu Abu Zaid Al-Balkhi. Dengan harap menghadirkan pemahasan yang berlandaskan pada Al-qur’an dan hadits. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah studi psutaka, dimana dalam perolehan informasi, pemakalah mendapatkannya dari buku, jurnal atau pun artikel yang memiliki keterkaitan pembahasan dengan judul yang diangkat.
AN EVALUATION OF WATER AND GAS INJECTIONS WITH HYDRAULIC FRACTURING AND HORIZONTAL WELLS IN OIL-SATURATED SHALE FORMATIONS
Authors: Al-Obaidi Sudad H , IP Kamensky , M Hofmann , FH Khalaf
Published: September 2022

A variety of methods are examined in this study in order to improve oil recovery from low-permeability heterogeneous reservoirs in oil-saturated shale deposits. Calculations based on the fluid flow model revealed that water and gas injection was effective, and that horizontal and directional wells, including those employing hydraulic fracturing are evaluated in this study. Moreover, hydraulic fracturing in directional wells with vertical completions was found to be one of the most effective methods for water injection in this study. However, when hydraulic fracture length is hard to achieve, the gas injection has been found to be a more efficient way to enhance oil recovery than water injection. Furthermore, horizontal drilling technology was most effective in the central part of the reservoir.
The brain may make worse decisions when it is tired
Authors: Le Tam-Tri
Published: September 2022

Researchers found that people who performed high-demand cognitive control tasks afterward would be more likely to choose immediately gratifying smaller rewards.
Web Of Causation
Authors: HAERANI ASISA
Published: September 2022

Pola asuh dan perilaku makan dengan status gizi anak disabilitas.Anak disabilitas merupakan anak yang mengalami gangguan atau keterbatasan baik secara fisik,mental maupun sosial.
Constant Geometric surface area ratio found for convex forms to prove
Authors: touzani samir
Published: September 2022

Constant Geometric surface area ratio found for convex forms to prove.
Masalah DBD Dan Lima Upaya pencegahannya
Authors: HAERANI ASISA
Published: September 2022

Demam berdarah dengue atau DBD merupakan penyakit mudah menular yang disebabkan oleh salah satu dari empat virus dengue yang di bawah oleh nyamuk Aedes Aegypti atau Aedes Albopictus
Hypervigilance: An Understudied Mediator of the Longitudinal Relationship Between Stigma and Internalizing Psychopathology Among Sexual Minority Young Adults
Authors: Hollinsaid Nathan Louis , Pachankis John E. , Bränström Richard , Hatzenbuehler Mark
Published: September 2022

Hypervigilance is often theoretically invoked as a psychological mechanism linking stigma to internalizing psychopathology among sexual minorities. Empirically, however, hypervigilance is rarely explicitly assessed, but is instead commonly conflated with putatively related constructs, including sexual orientation-related rejection sensitivity and rumination, hindering conceptual and mechanistic understandings of this process. We therefore embedded a hypervigilance measure within a longitudinal, population-based study of 811 Swedish sexual minority young adults (ages 17–34). Hypervigilance—but neither sexual orientation-related rejection sensitivity nor rumination, with which it was only weakly correlated (rs=0.23–0.24)— uniquely mediated prospective associations between perceived discrimination and internalizing symptoms two years later, explaining up to 40% of these effects. Sexual orientation-related rejection sensitivity and rumination prospectively predicted hypervigilance on these paths. Findings suggest that hypervigilance represents a distinct construct and transdiagnostic mechanism through which stigma-related experiences and processes undermine sexual minority mental health. We discuss implications for enhancing psychological interventions for sexual minorities by addressing hypervigilance.
Exploring the Relationship Between Tolerance of Ambiguity and Critical Thinking
Authors: Butterscotch Jenna
Published: September 2022

The current study investigated the relationship between tolerance of ambiguity and critical thinking. The sample consisted of 120 university students who completed a measure of tolerance of ambiguity and a measure of critical thinking. The results indicated that there was a positive relationship between tolerance of ambiguity and critical thinking. These findings suggest that individuals who are more tolerant of ambiguity are also more likely to engage in critical thinking. Furthermore, the findings of this study have implications for educators, as they suggest that promoting tolerance of ambiguity may also promote critical thinking skills in students.
Successive Partition Method for Binomial Coefficient in Combinatorial Geometric Series
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: September 2022

This paper focuses on the successive partition method applied to a binomial coefficient in combinatorial geometric series. The coefficient for each term in combinatorial geometric series refers to a binomial coefficient. These ideas can enable the scientific researchers to solve the real life problems.
Differential expression of OVOL1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of OVOL1, encoding ovo-like transcriptional repressor 1, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). OVOL1 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Mục tiêu kép của giáo dục đại học Việt Nam – những nghịch lý và khó khăn. RCISS-0922-01
Authors: Trinh Minh Thong
Published: September 2022

Học phí là một trong những yếu tố ảnh hưởng lớn đến mục tiêu kép của giáo dục đại học: đảm bảo chất lượng và mở rộng cơ hội tiếp cận. Không tăng học phí thì không đủ nguồn lực để đảm bảo chất lượng, tăng học phí thì người nghèo không có điều kiện học đại học
Differential expression of PARK2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of PARK2, encoding parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). PARK2 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Process and Bureaucracy: Scientific Reform as Civilisation
Authors: Penders Bart
Published: September 2022

The reform movement in science is seemingly constructing a new moral economy of science around process and bureaucracy, in which a new scientific etiquette is emerging that prescribes the performance of reformed science as civilised, efficient and objective. Bureaucratic innovations were borne out of the reform movement that seek to prescribe specific research processes, including but not limited to preregistration and registered reports. This moral economy emerges in the form of a bureaucracy and its epistemic uniformity actively suppresses scientific plurality. This paper argues that Eliasian drivers such as distinction, shame and disgust, act to pressure scientists into adopting this new etiquette. Even though the etiquette’s appearance is quite new, it can be traced back to existing moral economies of science and their pursuit of efficiency and objectivity.
Multi-fold increase in rainforests tipping risk beyond 1.5-2⁰C warming
Authors: Singh Chandrakant , van der Ent Ruud , Fetzer Ingo , Wang-Erlandsson Lan
Published: September 2022

Tropical rainforests invest in their root systems to store soil moisture from water-rich periods for use in water-scarce periods. An inadequate root-zone soil moisture storage predisposes or forces these forest ecosystems to transition to a savanna-like state, devoid of their native structure and functions. Yet changes in soil moisture storage and its influence on the rainforest ecosystems under future climate change remain uncertain. Using the empirical understanding of root zone storage capacity, we assess the future state of the rainforests and the forest-savanna transition risk in South America and Africa under four different shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios. We find that by the end of the 21st century, nearly one-third of the total forest area will be influenced by climate change. Furthermore, beyond 1.5-2⁰C warming, ecosystem recovery reduces gradually, whereas the forest-savanna transition risk increases several folds. For Amazon, this risk can grow by about 1.5-6 times compared to its immediate lower warming scenario, whereas for Congo, this risk growth is not substantial (0.7-1.65 times). The insight from this study underscores the urgent need to limit global surface temperatures below the Paris agreement.
Isotopically labeled ozone: a new approach to elucidate the formation of ozonation products
Authors: Sierra Olea Millaray , Kölle Simon , Bein Emil , Reemtsma Thorsten , Lechtenfeld Oliver , Hübner Uwe
Published: September 2022

As ozonation becomes a widespread treatment for removal of chemicals of emerging concern in wastewater treatment plant effluents, there are increasing concerns regarding the formation of ozonation products (OPs), and their possible impacts on the aquatic environment and eventually human health. In this study, a novel method was developed that utilizes heavy oxygen (18O2) for the production of heavy ozone ([18O1]O2, [18O2]O1, [18O3]) to actively label OPs from oxygen transfer reactions. To establish and validate this new approach, venlafaxine with a well-described oxygen transfer reaction (tertiary amine -> N-oxide) was chosen as a model compound. Observed 18O/16O ratios in the major OP venlafaxine N-oxide (NOV) correlated with expected 18O purities based on tracer experiments. These results confirmed the successful labeling with heavy oxygen and furthermore demonstrate the potential to monitor NOV as an indicator of 18O/16O ratios during ozonation. As a next step, 18O/16O ratios were used to elucidate the formation mechanism of previously described OPs from sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Seven OPs were detected including the frequently described nitro-SMX, which was formed with a maximum yield of 3.2% (of initial SMX). With the successful labeling of six of the seven OPs from sulfamethoxazole, it was possible to confirm their previously proposed formation pathways, and distinguish oxygen transfer from electron transfer reactions. 18O/16O ratios in OPs indicate that hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and formation of nitro-groups mostly follows oxygen transfer reactions, while electron transfer reactions initiate the formation of hydroxylamine and the abstraction of NH2 leading to catechol.
Item-method directed forgetting is (usually) impaired in clinical populations: A meta-analysis
Authors: Pevie Noah W , Baldwin Maddison M. , Fawcett Emily J. , Lahey Chelsea A. , Fawcett Jonathan Matthew
Published: September 2022

The item-method directed forgetting paradigm is a common laboratory task used to measure memory control. While impaired memory control is thought to contribute to the development and/or maintenance of a variety of psychological disorders, comparisons between clinical and non-clinical groups using this paradigm have been inconsistent – even within the same disorder. A systematic search for related articles utilizing clinical populations was conducted revealing 823 articles of which 36 met inclusion criteria. Raw mean differences were calculated and aggregated using Bayesian multi-level random effects models. These models revealed a significant difference in the magnitude of directed forgetting between clinical and control populations such that clinical populations exhibited a reduced directed forgetting effect. This difference tended to be larger in clinical (as opposed to clinical-analog) populations and in older samples. These results support the notion that item-method directed forgetting provides a suitable measure of memory control sensitive to real-world control deficits and further implies that memory control deficits may contribute to mental illness.
When and why moral exemplars fail to motivate intergroup reconciliation
Authors: Péter Szabó Zsolt , Witkowska Marta - , Szekeres Hanna
Published: September 2022

In societies with collective memories of their group’s historical victimization, the modes of conflict resolution conventionally proposed in social psychology may be ineffective. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of moral-exemplar interventions. Moral exemplars are individuals who have risked some important aspects of their life to save lives of other social groups’ members. In two experimental studies (N total = 405), we tested the hypothesis that the presentation of stories of past ingroup or outgroup moral exemplars improves intergroup relationships. We also test the effects of prototypicality of the moral exemplars by manipulating the frequency of helping behavior in the perpetrator group. Also, we used open-ended question to investigate qualitatively how moral exemplars are viewed by participants. We have failed to find positive effects of moral-exemplar interventions. Our findings suggest that moral exemplars might even have adverse effects on intergroup attitudes. Qualitative analysis confirmed that the in-group moral exemplar can be used as an ‘alibi’ to justify the in-group’s transgressions, while the out-group moral exemplar was subtyped. Importantly, our findings do not invalidate, but complement the moral-exemplar intervention literature, by offering insights to future work with such interventions.
Lernen und Evolution: Selektion als universelles Verhaltensprinzip
Authors: Borgstede Matthias , Simon Carsta
Published: September 2022

In diesem Beitrag geht es um die Frage, inwieweit sich individuelles Lernen als Selektionsprozess verstehen lässt, der parallel zur natürlichen Selektion abläuft. Lernen wird dabei als Resultat der Interaktion eines Individuums mit seiner Umgebung konzeptuali-siert. Die Grundlage der Analyse ist ein selektionstheoretischer Rahmen, welcher Selektion als Resultat des durchschnittlichen gemeinsamen Auftretens (d.h., der Kovarianz) von Verhaltensweisen und Signalen für evolutionäre Fitness betrachtet. Es wird eine Erweiterung des Prinzips der natürlichen Selektion um den Faktor Lernen vorgeschlagen, wodurch Verhaltensänderungen auf Populationsebene (Phylogenese) und Verhaltensänderungen auf Individuenebene (Ontogenese) gleichermaßen erklärt werden – das Multilevel Model of Behavioral Selection (MLBS).Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine informelle Einführung in die grundlegenden Prinzipien des MLBS, welches als allgemeine Theorie des Verhaltens konzipiert ist. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Überblick über aktuelle Arbeiten zu theoretischen und praktischen Implikationen des MLBS in der Verhaltensanalyse und der Lernpsychologie.
The future of longevity and life annuities pricing in Algeria: comparison of mortality models
Authors: FLICI Farid
Published: September 2022

Using prospective life tables for pension plan managing and life annuities reserving is now a requisite especially in the context of developing countries where life expectancy keeps improving significantly. Algeria, as one of these countries, and is more than important to provide the life insurance sector with dynamic life tables for actuarial calculations. In this paper, we aim to achieve this objective by comparing a set of mortality models, principally Lee-Carter and Cairns-Blake-Dowd models with variants. To this end, we use the Algerian mortality surfaces; for males and females, for the period [1977, 2013] and for the age interval [50, 79]. Models evaluation and selection is based on the goodness-of-fit, the predictive capacity, the male-female coherence, and also the expected gap in life expectancy between males and females.
Does the provision of childcare reduce motherhood penalties in job-related training participation? Longitudinal evidence from Germany
Authors: Zoch Gundula
Published: September 2022

Previous studies highlight gender differences in job-related training participation, particularly in countries with few family policies supporting maternal employment. This study examines whether higher levels of state-subsidized childcare provision are positively linked to mothers’ participation in job-related training. It combines individual-level data from the National Educational Panel Study for Germany (NEPS-SC6 adult cohort, N=5512, 2008-2020) with annual administrative records on county-level childcare coverage. Results from fixed effects models provide evidence that higher childcare levels reduce the negative impact of childbirth on mothers’ job-related training participation. Nevertheless, motherhood training penalties exist even in contexts with higher childcare coverage levels, especially in West Germany. The findings highlight the importance of supporting family policies to reduce motherhood training penalties and associated gender inequalities in the labour market.
Digitalisierung und Demokratisierung. Betriebliche Mitbestimmung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Individuierung, Kontrolle und Emanzipation
Authors: Kalff Yannick
Published: September 2022

Since the beginning of the multiple crisis, debates about a new democratic economy are again on the rise. The potentials of increased participation of employees are discussed on several levels and are flanked by current technological developments. In this discussion, the democratic firm is only a question of institutionalized ways of co-determination which can be easily and quickly realized through digital technology. This digital euphoria not only carries the overtones of hoped-for possibilities for growth but also of a longed-for promise of a greater democratization of society through democratization within companies. Furthermore: democratization is occasionally seen as an ideal location factor to realize technological, innovative and creative excellence in a global network of competition. Through the link to the normative promise of political self-determination, the debate around technology within the concept of ‘Industry 4.0’ sets out a line of argument that seems to work without instrumental reductions. But at times this reasoning tends to overlook that in these technological developments lie the foundations for new mechanisms of control and discipline which allow new and more comprehensive ways of monitoring work processes than have previously been possible. This literature review researches both positions and provides insights into the ambivalence of conflictious discourses on technology within companies.Seit der Mehrfachkrise nehmen Debatten zu einer wirtschaftsdemokratischen Neuorientierung wieder zu. Auf mehreren Ebenen werden die Potenziale einer Mitarbeiter*innenbeteiligung diskutiert und dabei von aktuellen technologischen Entwicklungen flankiert. So sei das demokratische Unternehmen nur eine Frage der institutionalisierten Mitbestimmungskanäle, die durch digitale Technik einfach und schnell realisiert werden könnten. In der Digitalisierungseuphorie schwingt neben erhofften Wachstumspotenzialen auch ein ersehntes Versprechen nach einer erweiterten Demokratisierung der Gesellschaft – im Betrieb – mit. Mehr noch: Demokratisierung wird mitunter als optimaler Standortfaktor interpretiert, um im globalen Konkurrenzgeflecht technologie-, innovations- und kreativitätsintensive Spitzenleistungen zu realisieren. Gekoppelt mit dem normativen Versprechen der politischen Selbstbestimmung wird der Technologiedebatte der Industrie 4.0 ein Argumentationsmuster zur Verfügung gestellt, welches scheinbar jenseits instrumenteller Reduktionismen funktioniert. Diese Argumentation übersieht jedoch mitunter, dass gerade in technologischen Entwicklungen auch die Fundamente neuer Kontroll- und Disziplinarmechanismen liegen, die neuartige und stellenweise vollumfänglichere Überwachung ermöglichen, als es bisher in Arbeitsprozessen denkbar gewesen war. Diese Literaturstudie recherchiert beide Positionen und liefert Einblicke in die Ambivalenzen konflikthafter Technologiediskurse in Unternehmen.
Name-Based Demographic Inference and the Unequal Distribution of Misrecognition
Authors: Lockhart Jeffrey W , King Molly M. , Munsch Christin
Published: September 2022

Academics and companies increasingly draw on large datasets to understand the social world, and name-based demographic ascription tools are widespread for imputing information like gender and race that are often missing from these large datasets. These approaches have drawn criticism on ethical, empirical, and theoretical grounds. Employing a survey of all authors listed on articles in sociology, economics, and communications journals in the Web of Science between 2015 and 2020, we compared self-identified demographics with name-based imputations of gender and race/ethnicity for 19,924 scholars across four gender ascription tools and four race/ethnicity ascription tools. We find substantial inequalities in how these tools misgender and misrecognize the race/ethnicity of authors, distributing erroneous ascriptions unevenly among other demographic traits. Because of the empirical and ethical consequences of these errors, scholars need to be cautious with the use of demographic imputation. We recommend five principles for the responsible use of name-based demographic inference.
Individuelle Förderung mit digitalen Medien. Ein Problemaufriss
Authors: Schaumburg Heike
Published: September 2022

Individuelle Förderung ist seit den Anfängen eine mediendidaktische Zielsetzung der Entwicklung digitaler Lernmedien. Die Potenziale, die digitale Medien für individuelle Förderung bieten, lassen sich dabei auf drei Ebenen betrachten: auf Ebene ihrer medialen Merkmale, ihrer mediendidaktischen Gestaltung und ihrer Einbindung in den Unterricht. Der vorliegende Problemaufriss spannt so den Raum auf, in dem sich die Diskussion um individualisiertes Lernen mit digitalen Medien bewegt. Abschließend werden die Potenziale digitaler Medien unter den Vorzeichen einer Kultur der Digitalität kritisch reflektiert.
Selbstgesteuertes Lernen und Digitalisierung an der Gesamtschule Münster Mitte
Authors: Thöne Ulrich , Kösters Kathi
Published: September 2022

Die Städtische Gesamtschule Münster Mitte (GEMM) wurde 2021 mit dem „Deutschen Schulpreis Spezial“ in der Kategorie „Selbstorganisiertes Lernen ermöglichen“ ausgezeichnet. Mit individuellen Lernplänen, Logbüchern und Lernbüros wurde in den Lockdown-Phasen der Pandemie-Zeit ihr Konzept des eigenverantwortlichen Lernens in den digitalen Raum überführt und dort weiterentwickelt. In diesem Bericht wird das Individualisierungs- und Differenzierungskonzept der Schule dargestellt, bevor im Anschluss der Bezug zum selbstgesteuerten Lernen mit digitalen Medien hergestellt und ein Einblick in das selbstgesteuerte Lernen unter Pandemiebedingungen gegeben wird. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem kurzen Fazit, in dem ein Blick auf Potenziale und Herausforderungen des selbstgesteuerten Lernens mit digitalen Medien geworfen wird, und einem Ausblick auf zukünftige Entwicklungen.
A Study on the Competency and Professionalism of Lifelong Education Instructors
Authors:   Educational Research Institute, Kang Ga-ye
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted to identify the research trends on the competence and professionalism of lifelong education instructors and to explore the direction in which future research should proceed. To this end, 38 degree papers on the competency and professionalism of lifelong education instructors, 25 academic papers, and a total of 63 articles pubilshed from 2008 to 2021 were analyzed for the lifelong education instructor activity field, research purpose, research method, type of research participants, and components of competency and professionalism. As the results of the analysis, it was found that in the lifelong education instructor activity field, integrated topics without a separate education area was most often studied and as the purpose of research, it was found that there were far more studies on competence strengthening than professional development. As for the research method, qualitative research was high, and it was confirmed that the type of research participant expanded to instructors, learners, planners, and parents. As a result of analyzing the components of competency and professionalism, competency included knowledge, skill, attitude, and professionalism included knowledge, experience, and problem solving, as well as 'creativity' and 'values, goals, and habits' as components.
Accessibility of Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy for Treating Urinary Incontinence in Older Women in Quebec: An Online Survey
Authors: Berre Mélanie Le , Dumoulin Chantale
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

This cross-sectional descriptive study describes available pelvic floor physiotherapy (PT) services for older women with urinary incontinence (UI) in Quebec, Canada, and identifies possible affordability barriers.

Methods:

From September to December 2019, Quebec physiotherapists practising pelvic floor PT were invited to complete a survey on their clinical practice and perceptions of the affordability of UI treatment for older women.

Results:

Eighty-four of the 225 registered pelvic floor physiotherapists (37.3%) filled out the online survey. They worked a median of 32 hours/week in PT, with 15 of those hours (46.9%) in pelvic floor PT and three hours (9.8%) treating UI in older women. Only 13.0% of them offered group treatment, while 84.3% were interested in it. Most of the physiotherapists (92.2%) had met older women in their practice who had reported financial barriers to completing their pelvic floor PT treatment.

Conclusions:

The accessibility of UI care in Quebec appears hampered by the limited availability of pelvic floor PT treatments, mainly in public settings, and potential financial constraints. Providing pelvic floor PT to groups could constitute a promising avenue to tackle both issues. Future studies should look at ways of implementing this option.
Reliability and Acceptability to Caregivers of Telehealth Administration of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory – Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) for Brazilian Youth with Down Syndrome
Authors: Castilho Julia de Souza , Barbosa Raiane Marques Furtado , Ayupe Kênnea Martins Almeida , Defilipo Érica Cesário , Chagas Paula Silva de Carvalho
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

To estimate test-retest reliability of the two versions of the PEDI-CAT administered via telehealth to caregivers of Brazilian young people with DS, to compare scores on the two versions, and to determine caregiver acceptance of telehealth administration of the assessment.

Method:

A methodological study approved by the research ethics committee. Data collection was performed online, with a mean duration of 45.0 minutes for the content-balanced version of the PEDI-CAT and 17.5 minutes for the speedy version.

Results:

In total, 28 caregivers of individuals with DS up to age 21 years participated (mean = 5.9 years; SD = 4.9 years). Intra-class correlation coefficients for the four domains of the PEDI-CAT content-balanced version and four domains of the PEDI-CAT speedy version ranged from 0.77 to 0.97. There was a statistical difference between the versions in the scores of the social-cognitive domain (p < 0.05). A mean of 105 items (SD = 21) was administered in the content-balanced version and a mean of 51 items (SD = 8) in the speedy version. All the caregivers found the method of administration of the PEDI-CAT acceptable.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated that either version of the Brazilian version of the PEDI-CAT can be used by telehealth in clinical practice to assess children, adolescents, and young adults with DS.
Improved Surface Preparation of Nickel-Superalloys for MCrAlY Coatings on Gas Turbine
Authors: Scrivani A. , Rizzi G. , Giolli C.
Published: September 2022

The most commonly used structural materials for blades and other high temperature components of gas turbines are nickel superalloys such as Inconel 738, MAR M247M or Hastelloy. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely used on these substrates as protection against high temperatures and oxidation. A TBC system consists of a top coat of yttria partially stabilized zirconia deposited by air plasma spray and an underlying bond coat (usually MCrAlY, where M is Ni, Co or a combination of both). MCrAlYs are normally deposited by thermal spray processes such as air plasma spray, vacuum plasma spray (VPS/LPPS) or high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). In general, the adhesion of the whole thermal barrier system is strongly dependent on the surface preparation of the substrate and it is generally believed that a certain degree of roughness promotes better adhesion. OEM’s (Original equipment manufacturer) procedure for preparation of substrates and analysis have been reviewed and considered as basis of this work. The scope of this work is to set up a new cleaning methodology in order to obtain a completely pollution free surface to be coated afterwards with HVOF or VPS/LPPS. The properties of this new methodology have been compared with standard surface preparation techniques such as blasting with corundum and silicon carbides. The obtained samples have been analysed by means of metallography and chemical composition of the interface in order to measure the interfacial pollution between substrate and coating. Finally adhesion of MCAlY coating have been tested and compared with specification of the main OEMs.
Influence of the Powder Size Distribution on the Microstructure of Cold Sprayed Copper Coatings Studied by X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Kairet T. , Degrez M. , Campana F. , Janssen J.-P.
Published: September 2022

Two copper powders were deposited with CGT3000 cold gas dynamic spray system on aluminium substrates. The X-ray diffraction patterns allow the characterisation of the microstructure such as grain size, strain in the coating and dislocation densities. Both powders and coatings have been fully characterised. Three methods have been used to interpret the X-ray patterns: the Warren-Averbach method, the Hall Williamson method and the modified Hall-Williamson method. A comparison between the state of the powders before and after deposition will give an insight on the metallurgical processes that take place during the formation of the coating. The influence of the grain size distribution will also be discussed. This article is a follow up of the publication done at ITSC2006: “Comparison Between Coatings from two Different Copper Powders: Mechanical Properties, Hardness and Bond Strength”.
Deposition Mechanisms of Cold Gas Dynamic Sprayed MCrAIY Coatings
Authors: Ichikawa Y. , Sakaguchi K. , Ogawa K. , Shoji T. , Barradas S. , Jeandin M. , Boustie M.
Published: September 2022

Thermal-sprayed (i.e. LPPS or HVOF) MCrAlY coatings are widely used for land-based gas turbine applications against high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion. However, due to requirement for further improvement of turbine efficiency, dense and stable coatings are necessary. The cold spray (also referred to as cold gas dynamic spray) makes it possible to increase coating density, due to high velocity particle impact during spraying. However, deposition mechanisms of cold spraying have not been elucidated yet. In this study, we investigated the deposition mechanisms focused on the behavior of interface between a coating and a substrate. The mechanisms were evaluated by the spray impact phenomena simulation tests, namely laser shock flier impact tests, and STEM-EDX elemental analyses at the interface between the substrate and the cold sprayed coating. From the results of STEM-EDX for as-sprayed coating and of SEM-EDX of the flier specimen, the bonding between the CoNiCrAlY coating and the substrate occurred at the only particular phase combination.
Oxidation Effects on the Critical Velocity of Pure Al Feedstock Deposition in the Kinetic Spraying Process
Authors: Kang K.C. , Yoon S.H. , Ji Y.G. , Lee C.
Published: September 2022

In the kinetic spraying process, the critical velocity is an important criterion which determines the deposition of a feedstock particle onto the substrate. It was experimentally and numerically proven that the critical velocity is determined by the physical properties and the state of materials such as initial temperature, size and the extent of oxidation. Compared to un-oxidized feedstock, oxidized feedstock required a greater kinetic energy of the in-flight particle to break away the oxide film during impact. The oxide film formed on the surface of particle and substrate is of a relatively higher brittleness and hardness than those of general metals. Because of its physical characteristics, the oxide significantly affected the deposition behavior and critical velocity. The effects of oxidation on the critical velocity and the deposition behavior of the feedstock were investigated and evaluated by individual particle impact tests in this study. The velocity of pure Al particles was measured for a wide range of process gas conditions.
Deposition Characteristics of Al-12Si Alloy Coating Fabricated by Cold Spraying with Relatively Large Powder Particles
Authors: Li W.-Y. , Zhang C. , Guo X.P. , Liao H.L. , Coddet C.
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the microstructure and microhardness of the Al-12Si coating produced by cold spraying with a relatively large powder were investigated. It is found that a thick, dense and well bonded Al-12Si coating could be produced by cold spraying with a relatively large powder through the control of spray conditions. The critical velocity for large Al-12Si particles was about 500 m/s under the spray conditions in this study. The as-deposited coating had the same phase as the Al- 12Si powder. The localized interface melting occurred resulting from both the adiabatic shearing upon impact and the thermal effect of hot gas. The precipitation of fine Si particles occurred in α-Al matrix in the coating deposited at an elevated gas temperature because of the thermal effect of hot gas during coating deposition. The dispersed Si particles in the coating improved the coating microhardness.
Effect of Process Parameters on the Deposition Characteristics of a Bronze-20 vol.% Diamond Composite in Kinetic Spraying
Authors: Shin S. , Lee C. , Han K.T. , Kim H.J.
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to ascertain the optimal process parameters that minimized compositional variation between the original powder mixture and composite coating. A bronze- 20 vol.% diamond composite powder was deposited by a kinetic spraying process with various feed rates, spraying distances and particle velocities. Experimental results showed that the diamond fraction, deposition efficiency and bond strength were dependent on process parameters, in particular, the particle velocity.
Microstructural Characterization of Cold-Sprayed Nanostructured FeAl Intermetallic Compound Coating and its Ball-Milled Feedstock Powder
Authors: Wang H.-T. , Li C.-J. , Yang G.-J. , Li C.-X , Zhang Q. , Li W.-Y.
Published: September 2022

It is difficult to deposit dense intermetallic compound coatings by cold spraying directly using the compound feedstock powders due to their intrinsic low temperature brittleness. A method to prepare intermetallic compound coatings in-situ employing cold spraying was developed using a metastable alloy powder assisted with post-annealing. In this study, a nanostructured Fe/Al alloy powder was prepared by ball-milling process. The cold sprayed Fe/Al alloy coating was evolved in-situ to intermetallic compound coating through a post-annealing treatment. The microstructural evolution of the Fe-40Al powder during mechanical alloying and the effect of the post-annealing on the microstructure of the cold sprayed Fe(Al) coatings were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the milled Fe-40Al powder exhibits lamellar microstructure. The microstructure of the as-sprayed Fe(Al) coating depends significantly on that of the as-milled powder. The annealing temperature significantly influences the in-situ evolution of the intermetallic compound. The annealing treatment at a temperature of 500oC results in the complete transformation of Fe(Al) solid solution to FeAl intermetallic compound.
Improvement of Plasma Gun Performance using Comprehensive Fluid Element Modeling: Part 1
Authors: Muggli F. , Molz R. , McCullough R. , Hawley D.
Published: September 2022

The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model the operation of thermal spray processes has gained interest in the thermal spray community, able to provide an understanding as to how a process functions, and better yet how to make a process work better. Advancements to the science of modeling now permits the ability to create a comprehensive model of a plasma gun that not only simulates the dynamics of the gas but also the mechanics of arcs (plasma), thermodynamics, and entrained particulates to form a nearly complete model of a working thermal spray process. Work presented includes the methods and procedures used to validate the model to a Sulzer Metco TriplexPro 200 plasma gun and exploration of the operating regime to give an in depth and insightful look into the physics behind the operation of a triple arc cascaded plasma gun.
Numerical Simulations of Cascaded Plasma Torch Using Ar and Molecular Gases
Authors: Chen L. , Mostaghimi J. , Pershin L.
Published: September 2022

In this work, plasma flow inside a cascaded DC torch, effect of a plasma gas composition (Ar or CO2+CH4), and torch performance were studied. Both laminar model and k-ε turbulence model were employed and compared in the simulations. The results revealed that carbon contained gases can significantly increase the arc voltage and torch power. This gas mixture increases the arc voltage by up to 200% in comparison with argon. Voltage-current characteristics were also simulated for the current range of 200-400A. Differences in the torch performance can be attributed to the gases specific properties. For instance, at the same temperature the considered plasma gases have similar electric conductivities but the enthalpy of molecular CO2+CH4 is much higher. Experimental validation indicates that k-ε turbulence model provides better agreement.
Flame Flow Analysis for HVOF/HVAF System by Two-Dimension Computational Fluid Dynamics Method
Authors: Genliang H. , Kewei X.
Published: September 2022

Based on the principle of the liquid-fueled rocket engine, a combustion model is proposed for the HVOF/HVAF system. The combustion gas components and temperature for different mixture fractions were analyzed. At lower oxygen content condition (under-stoichiometry), the combustion temperature is lower and the solid carbon content is higher. The whole fluent flow mode was proposed for the supersonic spray, which consists of the gas combustion, the accelerating process, the cooling process and the decelerating process in the atmosphere. The velocity and temperature distributions were calculated according to this model; the results fitted well with experiments. The combustion gas parameter distributions are almost identical in the barrel, but differ significantly in the atmosphere. For HVOF system, the under-expanded gas will expand in the atmosphere, while HVAF system exhibits an opposite behavior. At the gun exit, the combustion gas reaches supersonic velocities both for the HVOF and HVAF condition.