bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo empresarial de las mujeres capacitadas por el Centro Integral de la Mujer de Bucaramanga
Authors: García Moyano Claudia Patricia , Pinto Martínez Ángela Judith , Sanmiguel Jaimes Edis Mauricio
Published: March 2019

La Alcaldía de Bucaramanga cuenta con un Subprograma llamado Centro Integral de la Mujer que se basa en la Política Publica de Mujer y Equidad de Género (Rodríguez, Junio 2015) de este municipio, la cual está conformada por seis ejes de los cuales esta investigación se basó en el Eje de Derecho a la Generación de Ingresos y Empleo (Bucaramanga C. I., 2008-2011), en donde se evaluó el impacto que tienen los cursos que ofrece el Centro Integral de la Mujer en artes u oficios al momento de la creación de una empresa o una independencia económica. El proyecto de investigación se realizó durante seis meses y estuvo orientado en un tipo de investigación cuantitativa - descriptiva ya que se basó en cifras y datos obtenidos a través de la elaboración de una encuesta a 172 mujeres capacitadas en el CIM en los años 2013 y 2014. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos y de esta manera se lograron evaluar los cursos que ofrece la Alcaldía de Bucaramanga a través del CIM y se pudo concluir que hace falta un mayor impulso al emprendimiento en estos cursos ya que muchas de las mujeres se capacitan, pero no toman el riesgo de aventurarse en la creación de un negocio por las barreras que se les presentan y además no buscan los mecanismos para sobrepasar estos obstáculos que las llevaría a la creación de empresa con titularidad femenina en el municipio de Bucaramanga.
El Impacto del WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) en la valoración de empresas.
Authors: Cala Ibáñez Geraldine , Noriega Ardila Erika , Gualdrón López Alfonso Enrique
Published: March 2019

El artículo se desarrolla en función de la importancia que tiene el impacto de los métodos para la valoración de empresas, tratando específicamente del WACC; por sus siglas en inglés: Weighted Average Cost of Capital (Promedio Ponderado del Costo de Capital), se ha planteado como interrogante, ¿Cuál es la importancia del WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) en la valoración de empresas Implementando el tipo de investigación descriptivo y mediante la estructura de su fórmula, se pretende exponer la conexión que tienen los diferentes elementos que lo integran, así como la necesidad de identificar los activos que realmente generan flujos de efectivo, es decir, activos de capital, reconociendo a su vez, la forma como estos activos se financian a través de los pasivos y el patrimonio. Los aspectos que se deben considerar a la hora de valorar una empresa son múltiples, ya que el valor varía de acuerdo a las percepciones o a las razones de los interesados, la información, el sector, el contexto y el método empleado, entre otros. La conclusión principal, es que en todo análisis de inversión de una empresa es indispensable un proceso de valoración, debido a la trasferencia implícita de valor, y a la definición de puntos importantes para su normal funcionamiento y el eficiente desarrollo de su actividad.
Riesgo cardiovascular y factores ocupacionales en los conductores de transporte público en Bogotá
Authors: Bello Muñoz Sandra Adriana
Published: March 2019

Los conductores de transporte público de pasajeros están continuamente expuestos a distintos riesgos como el riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo cardiovascular y su relación con factores ocupacionales en los conductores de transporte público durante el 2015 en Bogotá. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal de 702 conductores de servicio público de Bogotá, atendidos en una IPS de salud ocupacional. Se incluyeron variables demográficas, ocupacionales, antecedentes patológicos y resultados de colesterol total, HDL y tensión arterial. Se buscaron asociaciones entre el riesgo cardiovascular y los factores sociodemográficos y ocupacionales empleando análisis multivariado. Resultados: El riesgo cardiovascular de la población fue moderado y alto (38.6 %) según Framigham. Se encontró una correlación significativa directa entre el riesgo cardiovascular con la edad, la antigüedad en la labor, el colesterol total, la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica y el índice de masa corporal, y una correlación significativa inversa con el colesterol HDL. Se halló una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el riesgo cardiovascular con el índice de masa corporal elevado IMC (p= 0.039), con la diabetes (OR= 4.031; IC 95 % 2.48-6.57; p <0.001), las vibraciones (p= 0.035), el consumo de alcohol (p= 0.003) y de cigarrillo (OR= 2.49; IC 95 % 1.68-3.70; p= 0.014). Conclusiones: El riesgo cardiovascular de los conductores es alto y se asocia a antecedentes de diabetes, al cigarrillo, a la obesidad y al sobrepeso, la presión arterial elevada y la antigüedad en la labor, de allí la importancia de priorizar la vigilancia de esta población.
Medios de cultivo a partir de residuos agroindustriales sólidos para el crecimiento de la levadura saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Polo N Laura D. , Ramírez S. Julián A. , Álvarez Adalucy A.
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo se llevó acabo para evaluar la promoción del crecimiento de diferentes medios de cultivos naturales frente a los medios comerciales PDA y Agar nutritivo en la cepa de Saccharomyces cerevisiae activada de levadura seca. La promoción del crecimiento fue evaluada con el Índice de Crecimiento Absoluto (ICA) en los diferentes medios de cultivos naturales y utilizando el método ecométrico. Los análisis ICA para comparar el crecimiento de la cepa en los diferentes medios naturales demostraron que el crecimiento fue muy poco, pero la explicación estuvo en que la cepa de S. cerevisiae estaba con varios repiques previos y habia perdido su vitalidad, ya que ni siquiera el medio de cultivo estandar PDA arrojo un ICA altamente productivo.
Influencia del ejercicio físico frente a valores de creatinina sérica
Authors: Gutiérrez Pérez Ruth Bibiana
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia que presenta el ejercicio en la determinación de la creatinina sérica. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un cuasi experimental donde participaron estudiantes de V semestre de Bacteriología de la Universidad Católica de Manizales en el segundo semestre de 2014 y primer semestre de 2015. A los participantes se les tomo muestra de sangre basal para el análisis de creatinina sérica y posteriormente se les llevo al gimnasio de la universidad en donde recibieron una sesión de 60 minutos de ejercicio muscular intenso dirigido por un instructor, al finalizar se les tomo una segunda muestra de sangre a la que se le determinó creatinina sérica, que fue comparada con los resultados basales por medio de una t student con el fin de evaluar si existieron o no diferencias significativas por medio del programa estadístico Spss V.18. Resultados: En total participaron 26 estudiantes en el último semestre del año 2014 y 13 estudiantes en el primer semestre del año 2015, se encontró que para ninguno de los dos grupos existieron diferencias significativas con p= 0,08 y p= 0,43 para el primer y segundo grupo respectivamente. Conclusiones: El ejercicio en el grupo de estudiantes no afectó de manera significativa los valores de creatinina sérica.
Infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud en pacientes oncológicos
Authors: Pérez Machado Luis Felipe , Moncayo Ortiz José Ignacio , Santacruz Ibarra Jorge Javier , Guaca González Yina Marcela
Published: March 2019

Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS) son aquellas infecciones que el paciente adquiere mientras recibe tratamiento y en quien la infección no se había manifestado ni estaba en periodo de incubación en el momento de ingreso. Las IAAS son causadas por bacterias, hongos y virus. Por su parte, la resistencia a los antimicrobianos se produce cuando los microorganismos sufren cambios que no permiten la acción de los medicamentos empleados para tratar las infecciones. Debido a esto, la emergencia y rápida diseminación de infecciones por microorganismos resistentes a los antimicrobianos se considera un problema de salud pública que se asocia con la estancia hospitalaria, morbimortalidad y altos costos para el sistema de salud. En adición a esta problemática, las complicaciones infecciosas constituyen una de las causas más importantes de morbimortalidad en los pacientes oncológicos. Actualmente, las mortalidades más altas se encuentran asociadas a enterobacterias y P. aeruginosa. Es por esto, que el conocimiento adecuado de las infecciones en los pacientes oncológicos y su correcto manejo y prevención son determinantes para reducir sus complicaciones. Método: búsqueda de literatura en bases de datos indexadas. Resultados: En esta revisión se discute la importancia del estudio de las IAAS, las principales bacterias Gram negativas causantes de IAAS en pacientes oncológicos, el uso de antimicrobianos y los principales mecanismos de resistencia antimicrobiana.Conclusión: El estudio y entendimiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana en los procesos infecciosos de pacientes oncológicos, como las IAAS, son indispensables para el control, manejo y prevención de estas infecciones, con el fin de mejorar los tratamientos de los pacientes.
EL CONTRATO DE FRANQUICIA: LA DIMENSIÓN JURÍDICA DE UNA REALIDAD ECONÓMICA
Authors: Restrepo Navarro Mauricio Javier , Serrano Miranda Víctor Hugo
Published: March 2019

Hoy en día Colombia es reconocida en Latino América como uno de los referentes macroeconómico en el tema, ya que en los últimos 20 años el contrato de franquicia ha tenido un aumento desmesurado, con cada vez más acogida y con un impactante crecimiento comercial, encontrando los comerciantes un terreno fértil y de expansión, jalonados con diversos factores económicos, razón por la cual entraremos a determinar si es necesario o no la regulación de los Contratos de Franquicias y en relación a esta incógnita presentar las dos (2) posiciones existentes y perimetralmente opuestas entre sí, una regulatoria que manifiesta que es necesario la intervención del legislador para cortar de tajo los vacíos que son constantes en dichas relaciones y que dicha atipicidad propenda por desequilibrios producto de las relaciones nacidas a la sombra del capitalismo salvaje en el que impera la ley del más fuerte; Entre tanto, existe otra posición, la cual manifiesta que no es necesario la regulación, puesto que atentaría contra la naturaleza consensuada que es la esencia misma del modelo de Contrato Franquiciatario, lo que según dicha posición, limitaría la autonomía de la voluntad de las partes
RESPONSABILIDADES Y DERECHOS DE LOS PADRES FRENTE A LA FILIACIÓN Y LOS DERECHOS DEL NIÑO.
Authors: CÓRDOBA TORRENEGRA MARÍA FERNANDA , PARRA SOLANO WILLIAM JOSE
Published: March 2019

En este trabajo se elaborara un estudio que abarcara desde un amplio margen que no es más que la generalidad del derecho sobre la filiación y el interés superior del menor por un lado. A lo largo de esta investigación se recopilaran información en lo inherente al interés superior del menor y la aplicación del mismo en un proceso de filiación, de igual forma se hablara de la patria de potestad, se realizara una pequeña comparación entre lo legal y lo jurisprudencial contra lo practico referente a los juzgado de familia de la ciudad de Valledupar, para saber qué tan frecuentes son los procesos de este tipo, y a su vez ver que tan responsables con los padres a la hora de estar frente a una situación de reconocimiento de paternidad.
Identificación de variables consideradas para la delimitación de paramos en colombia.
Authors: Ortiz Galvis Eliana Alejandra , Laguna Urbina Jennifer del Pilar
Published: March 2019

Los ecosistemas de páramos no son muy comunes en el mundo, solo seis países como lo son (Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Perú, Venezuela, Bolivia) cuentan con el privilegio de tener este tipo de ecosistemas; En Colombia se cuenta con alrededor del 50% de los páramos del mundo, los cuales en los últimos años se han visto afectados por la minería que constituye la actividad económica primaria por excelencia, que se desarrolla en el país y mayor parte de esta se desarrolla en páramos o en límites con ellos. En Colombia se hace necesario agilizar el proceso de la delimitación de este tipo de ecosistemas ya que estos benefician a más de 3 millones de personas en 8 departamentos los cuales se ven afectados cada vez que se permite que la minería toque estos ecosistemas estratégicos. Para el desarrollo de esta monografía se realizó la revisión de 25 artículos de diferentes autores donde se evaluaron variables como Altura, Temperatura, pH de suelo, Producción Promedio de Agua, Importancia de la Cobertura vegetal, con estas variables se realizó la estadística para concluir cuál de estas variables son las que más influyen en el momento de delimitar un páramo en Colombia y se analizó porque es tan difícil establecer unos criterios fijos para todos los páramos de Colombia
Çevresel Su Numunelerinde Eser Miktardaki Cu(II) İyonunun Seçici Spektrofotometrik Tayini
Authors: TOPUZ Berrin
Published: March 2019

Mikrokristal naftalin (MN) üzerinde pH 3.0-8.0 aralığında potasyum 2,6-dimetilmorfolinditiyokarbamat (KMDMMDTC) ligantı kullanılarak büyük hacimli sulu çözeltilerden Cu(II) iyonu önderiştirilmiştir. Cu(II)-DMMDTC  kompleksi içeren MN, 5 mL asetonda çözülerek Cu(II) iyonu kör çözeltiye karşı 431 nm’de spektrofotometrik metot ile tayin edildi. pH, numune çözeltisinin hacmi, DMMDTC yüklü MN miktarı, çalkalama süresi, yabancı iyon etkisi gibi katı faz ekstraksiyon (SPE) metodunun temel parametreleri incelendi. Aseton çözeltisinde 0,09 µgmL-1 tayin sınırı ile lineer kalibrasyon aralığı 0,05-5,0 µgmL-1’dir. Sudaki potansiyel yabancı iyonların etkisi araştırıldı ve önerilen metot ilaç ve çevresel numunelerden Cu(II) iyonunun tayini için uygulanarak % 90 üzerinde geri kazanım değerleri elde edildi. Doğruluk, sertifikalı referans madde NW-TMDA-70.2 analizi ve geri kazanım deneyleri ile değerlendirildi.
Akan Veri Karakterizasyonu, Üretimi Ve Analitiği Üzerine Kapsamlı Bir İnceleme
Authors: UTKU Anıl , AKCAYOL Muhammet Ali
Published: March 2019

Gelişen donanım ve yazılım teknolojileri sayesinde anlık olarak üretilen veri miktarı ve hızı giderek artmaktadır. Akan veriler, statik verilerden farklı olarak, potansiyel olarak sonsuz, hızlı, zamanla değişen ve gelişen bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu sebeple akan verilerin tamamını depolamak zaman ve depolama alanı kısıtları sebebiyle imkânsız olabilmektedir. Akan veri madenciliğinde kullanılan yöntemlerin, statik veri madenciliğinden farklı olarak akan verilerin doğasına uygun bir şekilde optimize edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında akan veriler, statik veriler ile karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir.  Akan veri madenciliği, akan veri karakterizasyonu ve akan veri üretimi üzerine detaylı araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Akan verilerin türleri, kaynakları ve akan veriden öğrenme yöntemleri ile akan veri uygulamalarında kullanılan yöntemler ve algoritmalar kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir.Yapılan literatür araştırmaları ve incelemeler sonucunda, veri gizliliği, geleceğe dönük öngörülerin oluşturulması, veri ön işleme, kaynak kullanımı ve çevrimiçi güncelleme konularının geliştirilecek akan veri uygulamalarında değerlendirilmesi gereken konular olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Parçalı Düzgün Şebekede Singüler Pertürbe Özellikli Lineer Olmayan Reaksiyon Difüzyon Problemleri İçin Nümerik Çözümler
Authors: DURU Hakkı , GÜNEŞ Baransel
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada singüler pertürbe özellikli lineer olmayan reaksiyon-difüzyon sınır değer problemi ele alınmıştır. Kalan terimi integral biçiminde olan ve baz fonksiyonu içeren interpolasyon kuadratür kuralları kullanılarak parçalı düzgün şebeke üzerinde fark şeması kurulmuştur. Sunulan metodun kararlı olduğu gösterilmiş ve yakınsaklık analizi yapılmıştır. Kurulan metodun yaklaşık çözüme düzgün yakınsadığı gösterilmiştir. Nümerik sonuçların teorik sonuçları desteklediği örnek üzerinde gösterilmiştir.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Mikro terhadap Pertumbuhan Larva Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus)
Authors: Prabowo rahardjo Seto Sugianto
Published: March 2019

ABSTRAKRajungan merupakan salah satu jenis dari kepiting suku Portunidae yang mempunyai banyak jenis dan dapat dikonsumsi. Meskipun berbeda dengan kepiting, rajungan termasuk salah satu biota laut dalam golongan krustase. Kelengkapan nutrisi dalam pakan diperlukan untuk menjaga agar pertumbuhan rajungan dapat berlangsung secara normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan alami dan pakan  buatan terhadap hatching rate (HR) dan survival rate (SR) larva rajungan (Portunus pelagicus). Metode penelitian ini secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan 3 perlakuan pemberian pakan yaitu rotifera (Brachionus plicatilis), pellet mikro dan pakan gabungan (rotifer dan pellet mikro). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan rotifera (Brachionus plicatilis), pellet mikro dan pakan gabungan (rotifer dan pellet mikro) berpengaruh terhadap hatching rate (HR) dan survival rate (SR) larva rajungan. Perlakuan pemberian pakan gabungan menunjukkan hasil terbaik yaitu hatching rate (HR) sebesar 95,44% dan survival rate (SR) sebesar 2,14%. Hal ini dikarenakan jumlah nilai gizi pada pakan alami dan pellet mikro (frippak#1 car) sangat baik untuk pertumbuhan larva rajungan. Keywords: Rotifera, Rajungan, Pellet mikro
Domestication or Encapsulation? Developing Coffee Culture Among Indonesia Middle-Class Income
Authors: Yuliati Yayuk , Purnomo Mangku
Published: March 2019

This article is an anthropology study on how western-style coffee culture influences Indonesian coffee culture and eventually develops a new localized coffee culture. Immense development of such worldwide coffee franchise as Starbucks affects local community's coffee culture, particularly the middle class. This new wave is considered as an alternative lifestyle for those who are consumptive and seeking for leisure, dynamics, and identity. Broader than just the process of domestication or creolization, Indonesian new coffee culture has an element of “soft countering to” western coffee culture even though it still embraces some parts of the western styles. This phenomenon is referred to by the writer as the cultural encapsulation process or the process of substantial cultural resistance by drawing a line between the two coffee cultures with the intention of taking merely compatible elements.
Microbial Simulation Experiment on Enhancing Coalbed Methane Production
Authors: Hao Chen , Yong Qin , Shangwen Zhou , Hongyan Wang , Zhenhong Chen , Guizhong LI , Ze Deng , Lei Cheng
Published: March 2019

Coalbed Methane(CBM) production enhancement for single wells is a big problem to CBM industrialization. Low production is due to insufficient gas generation by thermogenic. Luckily, Biogenic gas was found in many areas and its supply is assumed to improve coalbed methane production. Therefore, microbial simulation experiment will demonstrate the effectiveness of the assumption. From microbial simulation experiment on different coal ranks, it is found that microbes can use coals to produce biogas under laboratory conditions. With different temperatures for different experiments, it turns out that the gas production at 35 ℃ is greater than that at 15℃,indicating that 35℃ is more suitable for microbes to produce gas. According to quantitative experiments, adding exogenous nutrients or exogenous bacteria can improve CBM production. Moreover, the production enhancement ratio can reach up to 115% under the condition of adding exogenous bacterial species, while the ratio for adding nutrients can be up to 144%.
Ensuring U.S. Biomedical Research Sustainability through Organizational Development, Quality Management, and Systems Approaches: A Review and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Forrester Steven
Published: March 2019

There has been a growing call for reform of the U.S. biomedical community in recent years. As a community, we face a growing list of issues including excessive waste, reproducibility, bias, inadequate training, and the absence of sustainable long-term planning that detract from the overall goal of advancing human health. In response to this debate, biomedical stakeholders have taken positive steps forward to remedy these issues. However, we must continually improve upon these steps to promote the long-term stability of the biomedical enterprise. Given the widespread interest of the scientific community in addressing these issues, there exists a unique opportunity to come together and create a new era of biomedical discovery. The completion of this exciting task requires reflection on our view and management of the system, and what the best route to sustainable change may be. Importantly, a coordinated approach that considers the collective make-up of the biomedical system and how processes and people influence collective output and create value for patients is needed. Here, these three areas and the concepts of systems theory, total quality management, and organizational development and their contribution to the management and effectiveness of biomedical discovery are discussed. Importantly recommendations are made concerning overall management strategy, process efficiency and quality research, administrative tasks, organizational cultural challenges, individual and team development, and funding strategy.
Enhancement of conversion efficiency of solar cells with different thickness of fluorescent coloring agent
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Different coating layers of fluorescent agent (FCA) on the solar cells were used. An increase of 35% in the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell have been obtained. This increase is attributed to the reduction ofthe reflected light, eflection spectra show low values at higher thickness which explained the increase ofthe conversion efficiency with increases of layer thickness.
Computation of The Efficiency ofHarmonic Generation Using Cascading Configuration.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In the present work theoretical relations are derived for the efficiency evaluation for the generation of the third and the fourth harmonics u$ing crystal cascading configuration. These relations can be applied to a wide class of nonlinear optical materials. Calculations are made for beta barium borate (BBO) crystal with ruby laser /.=694.3 nm . The case study involves producing the third harmonics at X. =231.4 nm of the fundamental beam. The formula of efficiency involves many parameters, which can be changed to enhance the efficiency. The results showed that the behavior of the efficiency is not linear with the crystal length. It is found that the efficiency increases when the input power increases. 'I'he walk-off length is calculated for different spot sizes. It is found that when the spot size increases , the walk-off length increases too.
Modifying Plaque assay and Clearance test as tools in determination of phage typing for E. Coli bacterial interspecies
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Bacteriophage of E. Coli interspecies from sewage samples were isolated , the phage particles were isolated from two different sewage samples . The first sample was collected from sewage sample of Baghdad university and the second sample was isolated from domestic sewage sample , first sample showed phages specialized for three E. Coli interspecies bacteria (first plate ) and two E. Coli interspecies bacteria (second plate ) , meanwhile second sample showed phage specialized for two E. Coli. interspeciesThe study of appearance of E coli phages from first sample showed three types of E. coli phages with different size of inhibition zone ( 1 , 0.7,0.5 )Cm respectively ( first plate ) , meanwhile E. Coli interspecies bacteria showed phages related with two interspecies with size of inhibition zone ( 0.5 ,0.4) Cm respectively ( second plate ), on other hand , the second sample showed also two interspecies E. coli with inhibition zone (1,0.8)Cm . experimental method has been designed which showed the modifying method of phage assay to determine phage typing assay . phage has been tested particles with different bacterial strains ( E. coli , shagilla and Serratia ) from different sources and the control was the host of each bacteriophages by taking the O.D for all the tests and controls , to setup new criteria for phage typing .:and this test is called ( Clearance Test ) The result showed that O.D for Test 1 , 2 , 3, was ( 1.6 , 1.2 . 1.7) for ( E. coli , shagilla and Serratia ) bacterial strains , meanwhile the control tests was ( 0.3 , 0.2, 0.4 ) for strains isolated from first sample (first and second plate ) and second samples with different interspecies respectively . This result can predict high specificity of phage strain and this method can be used to determine interspecies strains .So from this experiment we can identify only Clearance Test by measuring only O.D. of bacterial strain with different phages instead of going through plaque assay .
Study the effects of bromothymol blue material on the optical properties for polystyrene (PS).
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Films of pure polystyrene (ps) and doped by bromothymol blue material with percentages(4%) prepared by using casting technique in room temperature , the absorption and transmission spectra has been recorded in the wavelength rang (200-900)nm and calculated refractive index , reflectivity, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and extinction coefficient . this study has been done by recording the absorption and transmission spectra by using spectrophotometer .
Study the Spectral reflectance and factor affecting they for the dominate land cover by using remote sensing technique in Abu-Gharib projection.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Image of landsate-7 taken by thematic mapper was used and classified using supervised method. Results of supervised classification indicated presence of nine land cover classes. Salt-soils class shows the highest reflectance value while water bodies' class shows the lowest values. Also the results indicated that soil properties show different effects on reflectance. There was a high significant positive relation of carbonate, gypsum, electric conductivity and silt content, while there was a week positive relation with sand and negative relation with organic matter, water content, bulk density and cataion exchange capacity.
Production of specific brucellin to diagnose Brucellosis
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

act :
A soluble cytoplasmic antigen (Brucellin) was prepared from Brucella melitensis Rev1 and used to diagnose brucellosis in experimentally infected mice with virulent strains of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus two weeks after infection. The best result was obtained with the third peak of the four peaks. All four peaks were used as antigen for skin test in a group of mice two weeks after vaccinated with S19 vaccine and the best result was obtained with third peak. All four peaks were also used as antigen for skin test in a group of mice previously vaccinated with Listeria monocytogenes live attenuated vaccine. All four fractions of the extracted brucellin antigens exhibited a negative skin test result in Listeria monocytogenes experimentally vaccinated mice.
Effects of Lead on Hemopoeitic and Iron Status in Iraqi Workers at Lead Batteries Factory
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of lead exposure on hemopoetic system (through the index delta-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ?-ALAD activity & hemoglobin concentration (Hb) ) and on iron status (levels of iron Fe, Ferritin Fr, Total iron binding capacity TIBC, percentage of transferine saturation TF%) in 44 Iraqi worker at lead batteries factory. Workers divided into two groups: smokers(n=21) mean aged (37.33±4.82 year)and non smokers(n=23) mean aged(40.78±7.89 year) and 45 healthy subjects mean aged (33.97±5.08)as control group . Activity of ?-ALAD ratio shows significant decrease (p ? 0.05) ,while Hb and hematocrit Hct were non significant (p ? 0.05) in smoker workers more than non smoker as compared to control . The results show a non significant decrease (p ? 0.05) in the sera levels of iron S.Fe, TS%, Fr in all workers as compared to control , the amount of decreasing for smoker more than non smoker except ferritin levels. A significant increases in the level of TIBC in workers as compared to control, this elevation is more in smoker than non smoker workers. In smoker workers, there was a significant positive correlation between the blood lead levels BLLs and Hb, Hct,TIBC whereas a significant negative correlation was observed between BLLs and S.Fe, TS%. In conclusion, the results of this study reveal the importance of monitoring the level of iron status in smoker peoples who dealing or exposure to lead due to the probability injured with anemia and used ?-ALAD ratio to predict the efficiency of their heme synthesis as a new marker for the diagnosis of early stage of anemia.
Synthesis and Characterization of [2-(carboxy methylene-amino)-phenyl imino] acetic acid (L) and its some metal complexes
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

New Schiff base, namely [2-(carboxy methylene-amino)-phenyl imino] acetic acid (L) and its some metal complexes [LCo.2H2O], [LNi.2H2O], [LCu].3H2O, [LCd.2H2O], [LHg.2H2O] and [LPb.2H2O], were reported and characterized by elemental analysis, metal content, spectroscopic methods, magnetic moments and conductivity measurements, it is found that the geometrical structures of these complexes are octahedral [Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II) and square planar Cu(II).The complexes have been found to posses 1:1 (M:L) stoichiometry
Some new transition metal complexes of bis (2-methyl furfuraldene)-4,4`-methylene bis (cyclohexylamine) ligand
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

New Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II) Schiff base complexes which have the molar ratio 2:1 metal to ligand of the general formula [M2( L) X4] (where L=bis(2-methyl furfuraldene)-4-4`-methylene bis(cyclo-hexylamine) ) were prepared by the reaction of the metal salts with the ligand of Schiff base derived from the condensation of 2:1 molar ratio of 2-acetyl furan and 4-4`-methylene bis (cyclohexylamine). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometer ,molar conductance measurements, infrared, electronic spectra,and magnetic susceptibility measurement. These studies revealed binuclear omplexes. The metal(II) ion in these complexes have four coordination sites giving the most expected tetrahedral structure and square planar for Cu(II)ion.
Synthesis of some heterocyclic derivatives of 1,8-Naphthyridine with a new substitution on the Naphthyridine ring
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Abstract The Synthesis in good yields of some new 1,8-Naphthyridine derivatives (1-9) and characterized on the basis of IR and 1H NMR spectra data. The compounds (1) and (6) were utilized as a starting material for the preparing of these compounds.
Induction of antioxidant enzymes in wheat (Triticum spp.) grown under salt stress
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A pot culture experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of soil and water resources department in College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad in Abo-Ghraib at season 2009-2010 to investigate the effects of using foliar application of some macro and micronutrients in induce antioxidant enzymes in wheat grown under salt stress . Doar85 planted under three levels of salt stress, and three combinations of foliar application were used from nutrients (K+ Ca) at 3000 and 1500 mg.L-1 respectively, and (Fe + Zn + Mn) at 30, 20, and 10 mg.L-1 respectively , and ( K+ Ca) + (Fe+ Zn + Mn).
The results showed that increasing levels of sodium chloride in the irrigation of water significantly increased at p
Effect of Polyherbs-Mixture Composed of Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum - graceum, Cyperus rotundus and Teucrium polium on the Levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione for Diabetic Patients Type II
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study included estimation of glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum of diabetic patients type II who are treated with a polyherbs mixture (Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum-graeum, Cyperus rotundus and Teucrium polium) for three months of treatments. Seventy samples of diabetic patients Type II male and females with age about (35-60) years were taken including 44 samples for group one (24 male, 20 female) who used herbs accompanied with chemical treatment (drugs) and 26 samples for the second group (13male and 13 female) who used herbs only. These groups were compared with 60 samples obtained from healthy persons (29 male, 31 female) at the same age of patients as a control group.
Effect of age and treatment for two groups (first and second) of diabetic patients were studied before treatment and after three months treated with polyherbs and chemical treatment (antidiabetic drugs) for first group of patients and polyherbs mixture only for second group of patients. Also these effects were checked for two groups after stop the treatment for one month later.
The results were shown that there is an increase in the level of MDA in the serum of diabetic patients then decreased of its value after treatment with polyherbs mixture for three months 1st, 2nd, 3rd, compared to control at deferent rang .When stopping of polyherbs mixture treatment for both groups of diabetic patients, there is an increase in the level of MDA than the level of it before stop treatment. At the same time, the results were showed decrease in the level of GSH in serum for both groups of diabetic patients at different range of age before treatment with polyherbs mixture compared to control group. But when treatment takes place for three months, there is an increase in the level of this parameter GSH and after one month of stop treatment, the level of glutathione was more decreased than the result before stop this treatment at the same range of ages. On the other hand, the results showed a significant increase of free radicals during the measurement of MDA level and a decrease of antioxidants such as glutathione of diabetic type II patients compared to the control group (Healthy persons). The research also included study the effect of the other factors such as duration of disease state, glucose concentration, other diseases, body mass index (obesity) and smoking on lipid per oxidation and antioxidants for diabetic patients with who treated before and after treatment at different intervals of time polyherbs mixture . It was observed that there is a significant increase in the level of MDA and blood glucose and not significant in BMI as increasing the time duration of diabetes, but there is no any effect was observed for the effect of sex, smoking in these two groups of patients.
Study the Effect of Plant Pathogenic Fungi in solid media in comparison with common Fungicide
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A study carried out for study effect of furfural that extracted from corn cobs by using specialized reaction system laboratory on phytopathogenic fungi: Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium solani in addition to biocontrol fungus Trichoderma viride were isolated from infected plants and from their rhizosphere . The preparation results of different concentrations from stock solution in concentration 1% of furflural showed that The concentration was 100 ppm of furfural was inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum46.7 % and the was in concentration 400 ppm. while the concentration 500 ppm caused inhibition 50% and 41.1% of R. solani and F. solani respectively. Whereas the concentration 500 ppm didn’t cause inhibition of M.phaseolina. The concentration 1500 ppm caused the complete inhibition of R. solani and M.phaseolina .Also the concentration 500 ppm of furfural caused46.7 % inhibition of T.viride and complete inhibition in the concentration 1500 ppm .However complete inhibition of F. solani in the concentration 2500 ppm. The concentration 25ppm active ingredient (a. i.) of Ridomil caused 100% inhibition of P. aphanidermatum, while The concentration 20 ppm active ingredient (a. i.)of Benomyl caused 100% inhibition of R. solani and M. phaseolina, and 25ppm active ingredient (a. i.) caused 100% inhibition of F.solani. There was no effect of heat treatment (121C0) on furfural activity against the fungi .
Assessment of Inflammasome Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Simple Obesity: Comparative Study
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Inflammasome is a multiprotein oligomer complex which is the precursor procaspase-1 and is a component of the innate immune system so that this study aimed to determine the serum levels of interleukin-1? and 18 in patients with T2D and simple obesity in an attempt to clarify the role of inflammasome in these disorders.Twenty five known cases of T2D, twenty four patients with simple obesity and twenty healthy subjects were randomly recruited from AL-Kindy Teaching Hospital in Baghdad to enroll in this study. All the data about the demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements were determined in all patients, also the C-reactive protein and serum interleukin (IL)-1? and IL-18 levels were obtained from each patient. The results showed that patients who had positive C-reactive protein (? 6 mg/L) had significant high level of serum 1? and IL-18 levels. Concomitant significant increase in serum levels of IL-1? and IL-18 was observed only in 8% (2 out of 25) of T2D. It concludes that the activity of inflammasome is observed in low percent of T2D and this activity does not related to the obesity.
Effect of Pregnancy on Selenium, Cupper ,Zinc and Others Biochemical Feacture
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Pregnancy is a stressful condition in which many physiological and metabolic functions are altered to a considerable extent . Pregnancy is a physiological state accompanied by a high-energy demand and an increased oxygen requirement. The present study aim to study selenium ,zinc cupper in the first trimester of pregnancy. The study group comprised of Fourty five pregnant women and twenty six non pregnant women as control . The samples were taken from pregnant women who come to several heath center in Baghdad city to cheak up. Laboratory investigations including Cupper, Ceruloplasmin, Total Antioxidant (TAA), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), Zinc, Uric acid, and Selenium had been measured in pregnant women and control . There were significant difference in Cupper, Selenium, Ceruloplasmin, TAA, Zinc, GSH, and MDA, in the pregnant women whene compared to control group. In this study, a significantly positive association was observed between zinc [mg/dl] with ceruloplasmin [mg/dl] (R = 0.47 p< 0.01 ) and TAA [mmol/l] (R= 0.42 p< 0.05) , and negative association was observed between zinc [mg/dl]and cupper [mg/dl] (R = 0.602, p< 0.01) , a significantly negative association between ceruloplasmin [mg/dl] with cupper [mg/dl] (R = 0.754, p< 0.01) ,and positive with TAA [mmol/l]( R = 0.562 p
Copolymerazaion of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon with Acrylic Acid and Methylmethacrylate
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Low conversion copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon M.W = (111.14) VP (monomer-1) has been conducted with acrylic acid AA and methymethacrylate MMA in ethanol at 70ºC , using Benzoyl peroxide BPO as initiator . The copolymer composition has been determined by elemental analysis. The monomer reactivity ratios have been calculated by the Kelen-Tudos and Finman-Ross graphical procedures . The derived reactivity ratios (r1 , r2 ) are : (0.51 , 4.85) for (VP / AA ) systems and (0.34 , 7.58) for (VP , MMA) systems , and found the reactivity ratios of the monomer AA , MMA is mor than the monomer VP in the copolymerization of (VP / AA) and (VP /MMA) systems respectly . The reactivity ratios values were used for microstructures calculation.
Evaluation to the level of some inflammatory markers in hypothyroid insulin resistant patients
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which thyroid hormones levels decreased in the blood. These hormones are necessary for energy production and body viability. In many occasions this condition is accompanied or followed by different metabolic disorders.
The current study is conducted in the "Specialized center for endocrinology and diabetes" and carried on 70 hypothyroid patients and 60 randomly chosen individuals with normal thyroid function .Both groups were submitted to laboratory tests to evaluate thyroid function (T3,T4.TSH).
The study involved evaluation of the relationship between hypothyroidism and insulin resistance (IR) . Health problem related to many diseases , became common lately. Insulin resistance diagnosed through two important tests: C-peptide (CP) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Patients are considered to have definite insulin resistance (DIR), if they have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and high level of CP. If one of the tests is abnormal, the patients have possible insulin resistance (PIR).
The current study show that both conditions (hypothyroidism and insulin resistance) are associated and common in women, old and overweight individuals.
The results show a significant (P
Pristina species (oligochaeta: naididae) in tigris river within baghdad city / Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A total of 72 individuals of genus Pristina were sorted from aquatic plant, Ceratophyllum demersum L., and filamentous algae collected from three sites on Tigris River at Baghdad including: Al-Sarafiya area (S1), Al- Jadiriyah area (S2), and Al- Za´afaraniya area (S3). Four species were identified including P. longiseta, P. aequiseta, P. proboscidea and P. foreli, with percentags of 51.7 , 36.4, 1.1, and 10.5 % respectively. The first two species found in all sites , while , P. proboscidea found only in S1 and P. foreli only in S2.
Modification Of Rheological Properties Of Asphalt Effect Of Addition Of Asphaltenes And Oxidized Asphaltenes On The Compatibility Of Asphalt- Sulfur Blends
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study is a complementary one to an extended series of research work that aims to produce a thermodynamiclly stable asphalt –sulfur blend.
Asphalt was physically modified wiht different percentages of asphaltenes , oxidized asphaltenes and then mixed with sulfur as an attempt to obtaine a stable compatible asphalt-sulfur blend.
The homogeneneity of asphalt-asphaltenes[oxidized asphaltenes]-sulfur blends were studied microscopically and the results are prsented as photomicrographs.
Generally more stable and compatible asphalt-sulfur blends were obtained by this treatment.
Determination Oxidant - Antioxidant Enzyme and some Trace Elements in Breast Cancer in Baghdad City
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

level of effectiveness of Glutathione - S - Transferees (GST), Glutathione peroxides (GPX),Malondialdehyde (MDA) the product of lipid peroxidation and some trace elements ( zinc,seleinum,iron ,copper ) had been measured in sera of (50) women with breast disease.which had been divided to :
Control group (25),The first group (A) benign breast tumors (25),the second group (B) breast cancer (25). The results showed a clear moral high level of Glutathione - S - Transferees (GST), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) , and Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in breast cancer group while a slight increase were observed in the levels of these enzymes and(MDA) in benign breast group. A significant reduction was evident in the levels of selenium and zinc when compared with the control group while there were an increase in levels of sera copper , iron in the breast cancer group.
As in (tissue) group of breast cancer found a rise in the level of selenium, zinc, copper, iron, compared with (serum) of breast cancer.
The synergistic effect of Zeolites type (?) with chlorinated rubber as flame retardants for unsaturated polyester resin
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this work, the synergistic effect of chlorinated rubber (additive I),with zeolite 3A (additive II), zeolite 4A (additive III), and zeolite 5A (additive IV) in (1:1) weight percentage, on the flammability for unsaturated polyester resin was studied in the weight ratios for (3,7,10,13&15%) by preparing films of (130×130×3) mm in diameters. Three standard test methods used to measure were the flame retardation which are; ASTM: D-2863, ASTM: D- 635& ASTM: D-3014.
Results obtained from these tests indicated that all of the additives were effective additive IV has the highest efficiency as a flame retardant.
Synthesis, Characterization and study biologicalactivity of several 1-cyclopentene-1,2-dicarboxylimidyl Containing oxadiazole and Benzothiazole
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this work involved prepared of several new 1-cyclopentene-1,2-dicarboxylimide linked to oxadiazole and benzothiazole moiety were synthesized by two steps:
The first step 2-amino-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and substituted-2-aminobenzothiazole were reaction with 1-cyclopentene-1,2-dicarboxyl anhydride producing N-( 5- substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-1-cyclopentene-1,2-dicarboxyl amic acids and N-(Substitutedbenzothiazole-2-yl)-1-cyclopentene-1,2-dicarboxyl amic acids which in turn were dehydrated in the second step via fusion method to afford he desirable N-(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-1-cyclopentene-1,2-dicarboxylimides and N-(Substituted benzothiazole-2-yl)1-cyclopentene-1,2-dicarboxylimides respectively. Structures of the prepared compounds were characterized by depending on FTIR, U.V spectral data which were in agreement with the proposed ones. Finally antibacterial activity of some of the prepared new cyclic imides were studied by two types of bacteria and the results showed that the most of the tested imides posses good biological activity against these bacteria.
Ingots Defects under the influence of Solidification and Freezing Conditions.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The results of research to reach the conditions that prevents the emergence of primary or secondary voids and achieve worker benefit from molded by almost 100%, which was the situation that cast poured in a mold heated and insulated from all sides to achieve freezing directional full starting from the region remote from the casting and ending then. Has also been compared to the microscopic structure of the resulting castings of various molding conditions, as these conditions have achieved the best sound microscopic structures.
Preparation of polymer thin film using as NH3 gas Sensor
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Polyaniline organic Semiconductor polymer thin films have been prepared by oxidative polymerization at room temperature, this polymer was deposited on glass substrate with thickness 900nm, FTIR spectra was tested , the structural,optical and electrical properties were studied through XRD ,UV-Vis ,IR measurements ,the results was appeared that polymer thin film sensing to NH3 gas.