bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Klassizismus im achten Jahrhundert ? Die Homelie des Patriarchen Germanos über die Rettung Konstantinopels
Authors: Speck Paul
Published: January 2011

REB 44 1986 France p. 209-227

P. Speck, Klassizismus im achten Jahrhundert ? Die Homelie des Patriarchen Germanos über die Rettung Konstantinopels. — Die in hohem Attisch verfaßte Homelie ist eine falsche Zuschreibung an Germanos frühestens des späten 9. Jahrhunderts und beruht ausschließlich auf bekannten Quellen zu den Belagerungen von 717/18 und 626. Sie ist also weder historisch von Belang, noch kann mit ihrer Hilfe ein Klassizismus im 8. Jahrhundert nachgewiesen werden.
Christological Themes in the Byzantine Marginal Psalters from the Ninth to the Eleventh Century
Authors: Walter Christopher
Published: January 2011

REB 44 1986 France p. 269-287, 8 planches

Ch. Walter, Christological Themes in the Byzantine Marginal Psalters from the Ninth to the Eleventh Century. — The author, continuing a study begun by J.J. Tikkanen, attempts to identify the literary parallels for the Christological themes used to illustrate Psalm verses in the marginal Psalters. Of eighty subjects represented in the ninth-century Psalters, twelve may be directly related to the quotation of the Psalm in the New Testament. Thirty-seven themes have parallels in the Patristic commentators. Six have their earliest literary parallel in later Patristic writings. Twelve may be related to the use of the Psalm in Byzantine worship. For thirteen themes, the author has found no literary parallel. The illustrators of Christological themes in the eleventh-century Psalters sometimes modified the iconography but rarely innovated. Three of the four new themes which they introduced may be related to liturgical texts.
Note sur les Dominicains de Constantinople au début du 14e siècle
Authors: Congourdeau Marie-Hélène
Published: January 2011

REB 45 1987 France p. 175-181

Marie-Hélène Congourdeau, Note sur les Dominicains de Constantinople au début du 14e siècle. — L'analyse de deux traités latins émanant de la communauté de Péra permet de mieux cerner la montée de l'hostilité grecque contre les frères prêcheurs de Constantinople, qui aboutit à leur départ pour Péra en 1307. Leur confrontation avec la correspondance de fr. Simon de Constantinople apporte des éléments nouveaux à propos de deux personnages byzantins : le nomophylax Iôannès et le moine Sophonias, ambassadeur d'Andronic II auprès de Charles II d'Anjou en 1294.
« Latter-day » Saints and the Image of Christ in the Ninth-century Byzantine Marginal Psalters
Authors: Walter Christopher
Published: January 2011

REB 45 1987 France p. 205-222, 4 pl.

Ch. Walter, "Latter-day" Saints and the Image of Christ in the Ninth-century Byzantine Marginal Psalters. — The article begins with a repertory of these saints. The events in their Lives which made them relevant to the Iconophile cause are indicated. Then the central function of the image of Christ in the illustrative programme of these psalters is explained. On the basis of these elements, the case is presented for supposing that the extant psalters depend on a lost model, illuminated in Palestine in the late eighth century.
Sur un passage mutilé de la Chronique brève de 1352
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: January 2011

REB 46 1988 France p. 61-65

A. Failler, Sur un passage mutilé de la Chronique brève de 1352. — Au début de la Chronique brève de 1352 et dans un passage visiblement lacuneux, on trouve la date du dimanche 17 avril, sans l'indication de l'année et sans la mention de l'événement visé. La date du dimanche 17 avril doit se rapporter à la naissance de Michel IX Palaiologos, né le dimanche de Pâques (17 avril) 1278.
Le Michel Cantacuzène du codex Mavrocordatianus et le possesseur homonyme du Psautier de Harvard
Authors: Papazoglou Georges K.
Published: January 2011

REB 46 1988 France p. 161-165

G. K. Papazoglou, Le Michel Cantacuzène du codex Mavrocordatianus et le possesseur homonyme du Psautier de Harvard. — L'auteur montre que le codex Mavrocordatianus conservé à la Knižnica Akadémie de Bratislava et le Psautier du 12e siècle donné en 1820 à la Bibliothèque de Harvard College ont appartenu à un seul et même Michel Cantacuzène, mort en 1578.
The Reign of Constantine V in the Miracles of St. Theodore the Recruit (BHG 1764)
Authors: Zuckerman Constantin
Published: January 2011

REB 46 1988 France p. 191-210

C. Zuckerman, The Reign of Constantine V in the Miracles of St. Theodore the Recruit (BHG 1 764). — One of St. Theodore the Recruit's miracles in his anonymous enkomion BHG 1764 is an eye-witness account of an Arab raid dated « in the fourteenth year of the God-protected and Christ-loving reign of Constantine, (...) at the beginning of the seventh indiction. » The present study suggests that in spite of the pious epithets, the emperor in question is Constantine V, the only Constantine whose fourteenth year overlapped a seventh indiction. The study presents the historical background of the raid — dated in 753/4 — and analyzes the ideological stand of the author of the enkomion, a closet icon-worshipper who used St. Theodore's miracles to state the orthodox position on all major planks of the iconoclast controversy. In the Appendix, miracles # 2 and # 3 are related to events from Heraclius' first Persian campaign of 622, which permits to take a fresh look at the geographical setting and the chronology of the campaign.
« Latter-day » Saints in the Model for the London and Barberini Psalters
Authors: Walter Christopher
Published: January 2011

REB 46 1988 France p. 21 1-228, 8 pl.

Ch. Walter, « Latter-day » Saints in the Model for the London and Barberini Psalters. — The programme of the lost marginal psalter which served as a model for extant eleventh-century psalters is reconstructed. It is shown that it differed markedly from that of ninth-century psalters. It was built up round the theme of the just man and his assiduity in prayer. A repertory is then established of the miniatures of « latter-day » saints who exemplify the just man. The sources of this repertory are investigated. The debt of the Barberini and London Psalters to the lost model is then discussed. While the former followed the lost model faithfully, the latter modified it slightly, firstly by increasing the number of « latter day » saints who exemplify the overriding theme of the just man, and secondly by introducing a few new miniatures, which express the politico-religious ethos of the Studite monastery.
La tradition manuscrite de l'Histoire de Georges Pachymérès (livres VII-XIII)
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: January 2011

REB 47 1989 France p. 91-181

A. Failler, La tradition manuscrite de l'Histoire de Georges Pachymérès (livres VII- XIII). — La seconde partie de l'Histoire de Georges Pachymérès est conservée, comme la première partie (voir BEB 37, 1979, p. 123-220), dans trois manuscrits indépendants (Monac. gr. 442, Barberin. gr. 199 et 204), qui datent du troisième quart du 14e siècle et qui sont donc postérieurs d'un demi-siècle à la rédaction de l'ouvrage. La tradition manuscrite est identique pour les deux parties, mais les problèmes d'établissement du texte sont différents ; c'est pourquoi les deux parties ont été traitées séparément. L'étude comprend six chapitres : L'état des manuscrits-sources (description et date), Les rapports. entre les manuscrits-sources (l'examen des copies montrant, comme pour la première partie, la supériorité du troisième des manuscrits cités), La version abrégée de l'Histoire, Les apographes des manuscrits-sources, L'édition de l'Histoire et le problème des titres, Les cinq actes patriarcaux transmis par une tradition distincte.
The Iconography of the Prophet Habakkuk
Authors: Walter Christopher
Published: January 2011

REB 47 1989 France p. 251-260, 8 pl.

Ch. Walter, The Iconography of the Prophet Habakkuk. — The development of the iconography of Habakkuk is traced from its beginnings as an adjunct to that of Daniel in the lions' den through the illustration of his Ode in Psalters and of the Easter Homily of Gregory of Nazianzus to the Palaeologan version of the Latomos Miracle. An explanation is proposed of the prophet's characteristic twisted position in many of his later portraits.
Kontamination in der Athanasius-Überlieferung
Authors: Metzler Karin
Published: January 2011

REB 48 1990 France p. 213-232

Karin Metzler, Kontamination in der Athanasius-Überlieferung. — Im Codex Patmiacus 4 ist ein Konjektur- Vorgang aus dem 11. Jh. direkt abzulesen, der das Vorgehen eines mittelalterlichen Philologen bei der Kontamination zeigt. Die aus einer anderen Handschriften-Tradition entnommenen Lesarten werden je nach ihrer Überzeugungskraft in den laufenden Text hineingebessert oder (seltener) mit dem Hinweis γρ(άφεται,) am Rand zur Diskussion gestellt. In der Abschrift im Codex Patmiacus 3 wird diese Differenzierung nur teilweise übernommen. — Nicht viel später ist ein anderer Kontaminations-Vorgang in der Athanasius-Überlieferung zu datieren, bei dem offenbar die meisten Lesarten der anderen Tradition und Konjekturen dem Leser und Abschreiber zur freien Auswahl gestellt werden.
Some unpublished lead seals concerning Crete
Authors: Tsougarakis Dimitris
Published: January 2011

REB 48 1990 France p. 243-246, 1 pl.

D. Tsougarakis, Some unpublished lead seals concerning Crete. — The author publishes, with reproductions, five lead seals from the Dumbarton Oaks Collection, all concerning Crete and ranging from the 7th century to the 11th century.
Update on the aetiopathogenesis of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease
Authors: Smith K. , Hayashi K. , Comerford E. J.
Published: January 2011

Cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) is the most common cause of hindlimb lameness in the dog, being associated with and eventually leading to stifle osteoarthritis. Canine cranial cruciate ligament disease is a gradual degeneration of the ligament extra-cellular matrix (ECM) leading to ligament rupture. The aetiopathogenesis of this condition is still poorly understood but several risk factors have been identified such as breed, bodyweight, gender and conformation. Recent developments in this area include the role of genetics, stifle joint conformation, ligament ECM metabolism, and inflammation associated with immune-mediated disease within the stifle joint. A genetic mode of inheritance has been demonstrated in the Newfoundland which is predisposed to CCLD. Increased cellular metabolism within the cranial cruciate ligament has been directly associated with increased craniocaudal stifle joint laxity in dog breeds at high risk of CCLD. Conformation abnormalities, such as a narrowed distal femoral intercondylar notch, in high risk breeds have been shown to be associated with alterations in cranial cruciate ligament ultrastructure. Increased production of inflammatory cytokines, such as cathepsins and interleukins, by the stifle synovial cells may occur secondary to or may be an inciting cause of ligament degeneration. Future research endeavours will focus on the association between immune-mediated response and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia and matrix degradation within the cranial cruciate ligament, and whether this can be altered in all susceptible dogs or only certain breeds.
Stifle synovial cyst in a Labrador Retriever with concurrent cranial cruciate ligament deficiency
Authors: Havlicek M. , Krockenberger M. B. , Franklin A. D.
Published: January 2011

A seven-year-old Labrador Retriever dog was presented with the complaint of chronic left hindlimb lameness. A diagnosis of partial rupture of the left cranial cruciate ligament with concurrent cranio-medial synovial cyst formation was made. This cystic structure was assumed to be communicating with the stifle joint. There was no evidence of a meniscal tear, but superficial fibrillation of the axial border was present. Surgical excision of the cyst with concurrent treatment of the cranial cruciate ligament deficiency by tibial tuberosity advancement was performed with a successful outcome. Whilst commonly encountered in humans, synovial cysts are uncommon in dogs. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first reported case of synovial cyst formation in the stifle of a dog.
Haematogenous osteomyelitis: clinical presentation and outcome in three dogs
Authors: Rabillard M. , Souchu L. , Niebauer G. W. , Gauthier O.
Published: January 2011

Haematogenous osteomyelitis is a rare form of bone infection in adult dogs. Most commonly the infection is iatrogenic or traumatic in origin. The authors report three different presentations of haematogenous osteomyelitis: a focal pelvic localisation in a growing dog, a vertebral lesion in an adult dog with associated neurological signs and a multifocal affection in another adult dog with concomitant pathological fractures.

Clinical signs included pyrexia of undetermined origin, focal pain and lameness. Diagnostic investigation included radiographic imaging, bone scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging, surgical biopsy, and bacteriological culture with sensitivity testing of biopsy specimens as well as of peripheral blood samples. Treatment consisted of long-term antimicrobial therapy and surgical debridement with curettage of the pelvic abscess of the young dog and decompressive hemilaminectomy of the second dog, with excellent recovery. The dog affected by polyostotic bone involvement and suffering pathological fractures was euthanatized.

Haematogenous osteomyelitis may be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and may present as a devastating skeletal condition, even in adult dogs, and should be considered amongst the differential diagnoses early on to allow effective treatment.
Assessment and Treatment of ADHD in Adults
Authors: Weiss Nicholas
Published: January 2011

Rather than being a condition that affected children invariably "outgrow" as they mature, it is now recognized that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is common in adults. Rates vary between studies. However, it appears that in most cases, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists into adolescence and on into adulthood, although changing partially in its symptomatic expression.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Nicholas Weiss, MD, is Health Sciences Assistant Clinical Professor, Langley Porter Hospital and Clinics, University of California, San Francisco.
Address correspondence to: Nicholas Weiss, MD, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143; fax: 415-476-7163; or
e-mail: <A HREF="mailto:Nicholas.Weiss@ucsf.edu</"TARGET="_new">Nicholas.Weiss@ucsf.edu.
Dr. Weiss has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Explain the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and diagnose the disorder in adults.
Describe the risks and benefits of various classes of medications and of cognitive-behavioral therapy in adult ADHD.
Discuss pharmacologic treatment for adults with uncomplicated ADHD and for adults with ADHD complicated by psychiatric and/or medical comorbidities. 
Complementary and Alternative Biomedical Treatments for ADHD
Authors: Hurt Elizabeth , Lofthouse Nicholas , Arnold L. Eugene
Published: January 2011

Although many research studies are conducted to evaluate treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder each year, only two treatments — FDA-approved medication and behavior therapy, often used in combination — are considered "evidence-based treatments" for children/adolescents with ADHD. Medication management, perhaps in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy, is often considered first-line treatment for adults with ADHD.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Elizabeth Hurt, PhD, Nicholas Lofthouse, PhD, L. Eugene Arnold, MD, MEd, are with the Department of Psychiatry, Ohio State University Medical School, Columbus, OH.

Address correspondence to: Elizabeth Hurt, PhD, Ohio State University Medical Center, Nisonger Center, 1581 Dodd Drive¸ Room 291C, Columbus, OH 43210; fax: 614-292-7247; e-mail: <A HREF="mailto:elizabeth.hurt@osumc.edu</"TARGET="_new">elizabeth.hurt@osumc.edu.

Dr. Hurt; and Dr. Lofthouse have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Dr. Arnold has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships: Noven: Consultant; and Contracted Research: CureMark; Eli Lilly; and Shire.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Review biomedical complementary and alternative treatments (CAM) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Describe CAM treatments by strength of evidence and relevance to subsets of patients with ADHD.
Discuss a clinical guideline for practitioners to utilize with their patients who are interested in CAM treatments: the safe, easy, cheap, and sensible (SECS) rule compared with the risky, unrealistic, difficult, or expensive (RUDE) rule.
Biofeedback and Neurofeedback Treatment for ADHD
Authors: Lofthouse Nicholas , McBurnett Keith , Arnold L. Eugene , Hurt Elizabeth
Published: January 2011

Although many children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder benefit significantly from evidence-based treatments, such as medication, behavioral therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy, for some patients, these treatments are not helpful. Others refuse to try them, even though they may be beneficial.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Nicholas Lofthouse, PhD, is with the Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Keith McBurnett, PhD, is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco. L. Eugene Arnold, MD, MEd, is with the Department of Psychiatry; and the Nisonger Center, The Ohio State University. Elizabeth Hurt, PhD, is with the Nisonger Center, The Ohio State University.
Address correspondence to: Nicholas Lofthouse, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University, 1670 Upham Drive, Room 560-A, Columbus, OH 43210-1250; fax: 614-293-8232; or e-mail: <A HREF="mailto:Nicholas.Lofthouse@osumc.edu</"TARGET="_new">Nicholas.Lofthouse@osumc.edu.
Dr. Lofthouse; and Dr. Hurt have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Dr. Arnold has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships: Noven: Consultant; and CureMark; Eli Lilly; and Shire: Contracted Research. Dr. McBurnett has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships: Eli Lilly and Shire; Consultant; and Eli Lilly, Otsuka, and Shire: Contracted research.
What’s Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Ting Michelle A. J.
Published: January 2011

A 21-month-old girl presented with frequent epiphora. Her parents denied the presence of discharge, hazy eyes, or photophobia. The patient was born at term weighing 6 lbs. Medical history was significant for treated congenital tracheoesophageal fistula and two small ventriculoseptal cardiac defects. Development had been slow but without regression, and the patient could crawl and sit unsupported. On examination, she was visually interested in toys and demonstrated good binocular fixation and following. Facial features included prominent epicanthic folds and up-slanting palpebral fissures (<a href="EditorPage.aspx?da=core&id=%7b49EE29E5-E306-4E44-88FF-A6C943C95F86%7d&ed=FIELD1527182392&vs&la=en&fld=%7b0B37FA8E-B2A6-4AE9-8E4F-53651D5CB226%7d&so=%2fsitecore%2fsystem%2fsettings%2fhtml+editor+profiles%2frich+text+healio&di=0&hdl=H1527182475&us=sitecore%5cEAnderer&mo&pe=0#x01913913-20110106-02-fig1">Fig. A). The patient’s head circumference measured less than the third percentile. Both hands possessed a single transverse palmar crease and both ears were small. Anterior segment examination revealed multiple small white spots in the periphery of each iris (<a href="EditorPage.aspx?da=core&id=%7b49EE29E5-E306-4E44-88FF-A6C943C95F86%7d&ed=FIELD1527182392&vs&la=en&fld=%7b0B37FA8E-B2A6-4AE9-8E4F-53651D5CB226%7d&so=%2fsitecore%2fsystem%2fsettings%2fhtml+editor+profiles%2frich+text+healio&di=0&hdl=H1527182475&us=sitecore%5cEAnderer&mo&pe=0#x01913913-20110106-02-fig1">Fig. B). The corneas appeared enlarged but were without opacification. Subsequent examination under anesthesia confirmed clear anterior segments and elevated intraocular pressures of 30 mm Hg in the right eye and 33 mm Hg in the left eye, with corneal thicknesses of 505 and 540 μm, respectively. Gonioscopy of each eye showed increased opacification circumferentially at the level of the ciliary body band, more temporally than nasally in both eyes. The optic discs were well vascularized with a central cup bilaterally.
Diffuse Choroidal Atrophy in a Boy With Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: Verstraeten Sofie , Jaenen Nele , Spileers Werner , de Ravel Thomy , Casteels Ingele
Published: January 2011

The Images in Pediatric Ophthalmology column is a 1-page photo essay showing encounters in the field of pediatric ophthalmology.
Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation in United States Military Warfighters: A Retrospective Analysis of Early Clinical Outcomes of the Visian ICL
Authors: Parkhurst Gregory D. , Psolka Maximilian , Kezirian Guy M.
Published: January 2011

PURPOSE:

To assess short-term clinical outcomes after implantation of phakic intraocular lenses (Visian ICL, STAAR Surgical Co) in US military warfighters who are not good candidates for laser vision correction.

METHODS:

A retrospective interventional consecutive case series analysis of all eyes that underwent ICL surgery during a 14-month time period was performed. Main outcome measures included indications for surgery, efficacy, predictability, and early adverse events.

RESULTS:

Three-month postoperative visual data were available for 135 eyes of 69 patients who underwent ICL implantation during the study period. Indications included abnormal corneal topography (37%), thin predicted residual bed following LASIK (32%), history of dry eye (13%), thin corneal thickness (11%), or other (7%). Mean patient age was 30.9±6.6 years. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was −6.00±1.92 diopters (D) (range: −2.63 to −11.50 D). Three months postoperative, uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better was found in 129/135 (96%) eyes and 91/135 (67%) were 20/15 or better. Manifest refraction and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) data were available for 128 eyes. Forty-two (33%) eyes had improvement of one or more lines of CDVA. One hundred fifteen eyes (90%) were within ±0.50 D of emmetropia, and predictability within ±0.75 D was found in 127/128 (99%) eyes. No significant intra- or postoperative complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

This retrospective analysis of 3-month outcomes suggests that Visian ICL implantation in myopic warfighters provides excellent refractive and visual results. Further study is needed to evaluate long-term results.
Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes Comparing Surface Ablation for Correction of Myopia With and Without 0.02% Mitomycin C
Authors: Chen Shi-hao , Feng Yi-fan , Stojanovic Aleksandar , Wang Qin-mei
Published: January 2011

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the current clinical evidence of safety and efficacy of intraoperative topical application of 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) used for up to 2 minutes after surface ablation for correction of myopia.

METHODS:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted of Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE to identify relevant trials comparing surface ablation for correction of myopia with and without MMC. A meta-analysis was performed on the results of the reports and statistical analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

Eleven clinical trials were identified with MMC used in 534 eyes and no MMC in 726 eyes. Surface ablations with MMC led to significantly less corneal haze in photorefractive keratectomy, whereas the results were comparable in laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and epithelial laser in situ keratomileusis (epi-LASIK). Although proportionately more eyes in the MMC group achieved uncorrected distance visual acuity 20/25 or better and less frequently lost ≥2 lines of corrected distance visual acuity, the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our meta-analysis suggests that the topical intraoperative application of 0.02% MMC may reduce haze and improve visual acuity after surface ablation for correction of myopia. However, the advantage of using MMC in LASEK and epi-LASIK is unclear.
A Method for Culturing Mussels Using In-River Cages
Authors: Brady Tony R. , Aloisi Doug , Gordon Roger , Wege Gary
Published: January 2011

A variety of techniques have been used since the early 1900s to produce mussels for augmenting depleted populations, including the use of wire-covered crates to house fish bearing mussel larvae. Here we describe a modification of earlier techniques, which provides a viable, low-cost method for producing large numbers of mussels. Aluminum-framed cages covered with commercially available hardware cloth are used to confine glochidia-bearing fish. Juvenile mussels then excyst off the host fish, and fall to the substrate-covered cage bottom, which protects the mussels from predation until they mature into subadult mussels. To date, seven species of mussels totaling over 57,100 2- and 3-y-old mussels have been reared in these culture cages.
Regulatory T Cell Properties of Chicken CD4+CD25+ Cells
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Revathi , Selvaraj Ramesh K.
Published: January 2011

Chicken CD4+CD25+ cells were characterized for mammalian regulatory T cells’ suppressive and cytokine production properties. Anti-chicken CD25 mAb was produced in mice and conjugated with a fluorescent tag. The specificity of the Ab against chicken CD25 was confirmed by evaluating Con A-induced CD25 upregulation in thymocytes and by quantifying the CD25 mRNA content of positive and negative cells identified by anti-chicken CD25 Ab. The percentage of CD4+CD25+ cells, expressed as a percentage of CD4+ cells, in thymus and blood was ∼3–7%, in spleen was 10%, and in cecal tonsil, lung, and bone marrow was ∼15%. Bursa had no detectable CD4+CD25+ cells. CD25+ cells were mostly CD4+ in the thymus, whereas in every other organ studied, CD25+ cells were distributed between CD4+ and CD4− cells. Chicken thymic CD4+CD25+ cells did not proliferate in vitro in the absence of recombinant chicken IL-2 (rCIL-2). In the presence of rCIL-2, PMA plus ionomycin or Con A stimulated CD4+CD25+ cell proliferation, whereas anti-CD3 plus CD28 did not stimulate CD4+CD25+ cell proliferation. Naive CD4+CD25+ cells had 29-fold more IL-10 mRNA and 15-fold more TGF-β mRNA than the naive CD4+CD25− cells. Naive CD4+CD25+ had no detectable IL-2 mRNA. Both naive and PMA plus ionomycin-stimulated thymic CD4+CD25+ cells suppressed naive T cell proliferation. The suppressive properties were partially contact dependent. Supplementing CD4+CD25+ cell coculture with rCIL-2 reversed the suppressive properties of CD4+CD25+ cells. Chicken CD4+CD25+ cells have suppressive properties similar to that of mammalian regulatory T cells.
TLR3-Specific Double-Stranded RNA Oligonucleotide Adjuvants Induce Dendritic Cell Cross-Presentation, CTL Responses, and Antiviral Protection
Authors: Jelinek Ivett , Leonard Joshua N. , Price Graeme E. , Brown Kevin N. , Meyer-Manlapat Anna , Goldsmith Paul K. , Wang Yan , Venzon David , Epstein Suzanne L. , Segal David M.
Published: January 2011

Maturation of dendritic cells (DC) to competent APC is essential for the generation of acquired immunity and is a major function of adjuvants. dsRNA, a molecular signature of viral infection, drives DC maturation by activating TLR3, but the size of dsRNA required to activate DC and the expression patterns of TLR3 protein in DC subsets have not been established. In this article, we show that cross-priming CD8α+ and CD103+ DC subsets express much greater levels of TLR3 than other DC. In resting DC, TLR3 is located in early endosomes and other intracellular compartments but migrates to LAMP1+ endosomes on stimulation with a TLR3 ligand. Using homogeneous dsRNA oligonucleotides (ONs) ranging in length from 25 to 540 bp, we observed that a minimum length of ∼90 bp was sufficient to induce CD86, IL-12p40, IFN-β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression, and to mature DC into APC that cross-presented exogenous Ags to CD8+ T cells. TLR3 was essential for activation of DC by dsRNA ONs, and the potency of activation increased with dsRNA length and varied between DC subsets. In vivo, dsRNA ONs, in a size-dependent manner, served as adjuvants for the generation of Ag-specific CTL and for inducing protection against lethal challenge with influenza virus when given with influenza nucleoprotein as an immunogen. These results provide the basis for the development of TLR3-specific adjuvants capable of inducing immune responses tailored for viral pathogens.
Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein Is Critical for the Turnover and Subcellular Distribution of CD40 Ligand mRNA in CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Matus-Nicodemos Rodrigo , Vavassori Stefano , Castro-Faix Moraima , Valentin-Acevedo Anibal , Singh Karnail , Marcelli Valentina , Covey Lori R.
Published: January 2011

CD40L (CD154) is regulated at the posttranscriptional level by an activation-induced process that results in a highly stable transcript at extended times of T cell activation. Transcript stability is mediated by polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB)-containing complexes (complex I and II) that bind to three adjacent CU-rich sequences within the 3′ untranslated region. To assess the role of PTB in the expression and distribution of CD40L mRNA, PTB was targeted using short hairpin RNA in both primary T cells and a T cell line that recapitulates the stability phase of regulated CD40L mRNA decay. PTB knockdown resulted in a marked decrease in the mRNA stability that resulted in lowered CD40L surface expression. PTB was also critical for appropriate distribution of CD40L mRNA between the nucleus and cytoplasm and in the cytoplasm between the cytosol and the translating polysomes. The activation-induced formation of PTB-specific ribonucleoprotein complexes was observed only with cytoplasmic and not nuclear PTB indicating functional differences in the protein defined by cellular localization. Finally, we observed that cytoplasmic and nuclear PTB isoforms were differentially modified relative to each other and that the changes in cytoplasmic PTB were consistent with activation-induced phosphorylation. Together this work suggests that differentially modified PTB regulates CD40L expression at multiple steps by 1) retaining CD40L mRNA in the nucleus, 2) directly regulating mRNA stability at late times of activation, and 3) forming a ribonuclear complex that preferentially associates with translating ribosomes thus leading to an enhanced level of CD40L protein.
Chronic Elevation of Liver Enzymes in Acute Intermittent Porphyria Initially Misdiagnosed as Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: González Estrada A. , García-Morillo S. , Gómez Morales L. , Stiefel García-Junco P.
Published: January 2011

Autoimmune hepatitis is a disease characterized by an elevation of liver enzymes, as well as specific autoantibodies. It is more common in women than men. We describe a 32-year-old woman with elevated transaminases, autoantibodies, and a liver biopsy result suggestive of autoimmune hepatitis. The indicated treatment was administered without showing a satisfactory response. The patient had a family history of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) so we decided to begin treatment with hematin, achieving a complete remission of the symptoms. Acute intermittent porphyria is a rare condition characterized by neurovisceral symptoms, abdominal pain being the most common of them. The disease has a higher prevalence among young women and certain European countries such as Sweden, Great Britain, and Spain. A correct diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential because patients affected by AIP must have a strict followup due to the fatal outcome of the outbreaks.
Standard versus Bolus Photodynamic Therapy in Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Functional Outcomes
Authors: Pilotto Elisabetta , Urban Francesca , Parrozzani Raffaele , Midena Edoardo
Published: January 2011

Purpose

TO compare standard versus bolus photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of symptomatic circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH).

Methods

Twenty consecutive cases of CCH were included in this prospective randomized study. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive either standard PDT (10-minute 6 mg/mq2 verteporfin infusion; treatment at 15 min; 50 J/cm2; 83 s) or bolus PDT (6 mg/mq2 verteporfin infusion bolus in 1 min; treatment at 5 min; 100 J/cm2; 166 s). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein, and indocyanine green angiography were performed at baseline and during follow-up. Retinal sensitivity was tested with microperimetry before and after treatment. Follow-up was longer than 32 months.

Results

Mean follow-up was 58±11 months. All cases (100%) showed clinical regression of the treated lesion. Neuroretinal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes were found in 9 (90%) bolus PDT over treated area. No similar RPE changes were found in patients treated with standard PDT. There was a no statistically significant difference in BCVA outcome between the 2 groups (p=0.078). Microperimetry revealed reduced sensitivity over the treated area in 7 bolus PDT vs 1 in standard treated eyes (p=0.008).

Conclusions

Both standard and bolus PDT induce regression of symptomatic CCH. Bolus PDT may cause RPE and retinal changes associated with reduced retinal sensitivity.
CDK12‐inactivation‐induced MYC signaling causes dependency on the splicing kinase SRPK1
Authors: Liang Jing , Gondane Aishwarya , Itkonen Harri M.
Published: May 2024

Inactivation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) characterizes an aggressive sub‐group of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Hyper‐activation of MYC transcription factor is sufficient to confer the CRPC phenotype. Here, we show that loss of CDK12 promotes MYC activity, which renders the cells dependent on the otherwise non‐essential splicing regulatory kinase SRSF protein kinase 1 (SRPK1). High MYC expression is associated with increased levels of SRPK1 in patient samples, and overexpression of MYC sensitizes prostate cancer cells to SRPK1 inhibition using pharmacological and genetic strategies. We show that Endovion (SCO‐101), a compound currently in clinical trials against pancreatic cancer, phenocopies the effects of the well‐characterized SRPK1 inhibitor SRPIN340 on nascent transcription. This is the first study to show that Endovion is an SRPK1 inhibitor. Inhibition of SRPK1 with either of the compounds promotes transcription elongation, and transcriptionally activates the unfolded protein response. In brief, here we discover that CDK12 inactivation promotes MYC signaling in an SRPK1‐dependent manner, and show that the clinical grade compound Endovion selectively targets the cells with CDK12 inactivation.
Label‐Free Assessment of Key Biological Autofluorophores: Material Characteristics and Opportunities for Clinical Applications
Authors: Campbell Jared M. , Gosnell Martin , Agha Adnan , Handley Shannon , Knab Aline , Anwer Ayad G. , Bhargava Akanksha , Goldys Ewa M.
Published: May 2024

Autofluorophores are endogenous fluorescent compounds that naturally occur in the intra and extracellular spaces of all tissues and organs. Most have vital biological functions – like the metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD+, as well as the structural protein collagen. Others are considered to be waste products – like lipofuscin and advanced glycation end products – which accumulate with age and are associated with cellular dysfunction. Due to their natural fluorescence, these materials have great utility for enabling non‐invasive, label‐free assays with direct ties to biological function. Numerous technologies, with different advantages and drawbacks, are applied to their assessment, including fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, hyperspectral microscopy, and flow cytometry. Here, the applications of label‐free autofluorophore assessment are reviewed for clinical and health‐research applications, with specific attention to biomaterials, disease detection, surgical guidance, treatment monitoring, and tissue assessment – fields that greatly benefit from non‐invasive methodologies capable of continuous, in vivo characterization.
The Spermine Oxidase/Spermine Axis Coordinates ATG5‐Mediated Autophagy to Orchestrate Renal Senescence and Fibrosis
Authors: Luo Dan , Lu Xiaohui , Li Hongyu , Li Yi , Wang Yating , Jiang Simin , Li Guanglan , Xu Yiping , Wu Kefei , Dou Xianrui , Liu Qinghua , Chen Wei , Zhou Yi , Mao Haiping
Published: May 2024

Decreased plasma spermine levels are associated with kidney dysfunction. However, the role of spermine in kidney disease remains largely unknown. Herein, it is demonstrated that spermine oxidase (SMOX), a key enzyme governing polyamine metabolism, is predominantly induced in tubular epithelium of human and mouse fibrotic kidneys, alongside a reduction in renal spermine content in mice. Moreover, renal SMOX expression is positively correlated with kidney fibrosis and function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease. Importantly, supplementation with exogenous spermine or genetically deficient SMOX markedly improves autophagy, reduces senescence, and attenuates fibrosis in mouse kidneys. Further, downregulation of ATG5, a critical component of autophagy, in tubular epithelial cells enhances SMOX expression and reduces spermine in TGF‐β1‐induced fibrogenesis in vitro and kidney fibrosis in vivo. Mechanically, ATG5 readily interacts with SMOX under physiological conditions and in TGF‐β1‐induced fibrogenic responses to preserve cellular spermine levels. Collectively, the findings suggest SMOX/spermine axis is a potential novel therapy to antagonize renal fibrosis, possibly by coordinating autophagy and suppressing senescence.
A SAW‐Based Programmable Controlled RNA Detecting Device: Rapid In Situ Cytolysis‐RNA Capture‐RNA Release‐PCR in One Mini Chamber
Authors: Yang Yupeng , Wang Zenan , Xie Hetao , Hu Ying , Liu Hong
Published: May 2024

Viral RNA detection is crucial in preventing and treating early infectious diseases. Traditional methods of RNA detection require a large amount of equipment and technical personnel. In this study, proposed a programmable controlled surface acoustic wave (SAW)‐based RNA detecting device has been proposed. The proposed device can perform the entire viral RNA detection process, including cell lysis by cell‐microparticle collision through SAW‐induced liquid whirling, RNA capture by SAW‐suspended magnetic beads, RNA elution through SAW‐induced high streaming force, and PCR thermal cycling through SAW‐generated heat. The device has completed all RNA detection steps in one mini chamber, requiring only 489 µl reagents for RNA extraction, much smaller than the amount used in manual RNA extraction (2065 µl). The experimental results have shown that PCR results from the device are comparable to those achieved via commercial qPCR instrumental detection. This work has demonstrated the potential of SAW‐based lab‐on‐a‐chip devices for point‐of‐care testing and provided a novel approach for rapidly detecting infectious diseases.
Single‐Cell Patch‐Clamp/Proteomics of Human Alzheimer's Disease iPSC‐Derived Excitatory Neurons Versus Isogenic Wild‐Type Controls Suggests Novel Causation and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Ghatak Swagata , Diedrich Jolene K. , Talantova Maria , Bhadra Nivedita , Scott Henry , Sharma Meetal , Albertolle Matthew , Schork Nicholas J. , Yates John R. , Lipton Stuart A.
Published: May 2024

Standard single‐cell (sc) proteomics of disease states inferred from multicellular organs or organoids cannot currently be related to single‐cell physiology. Here, a scPatch‐Clamp/Proteomics platform is developed on single neurons generated from hiPSCs bearing an Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic mutation and compares them to isogenic wild‐type controls. This approach provides both current and voltage electrophysiological data plus detailed proteomics information on single‐cells. With this new method, the authors are able to observe hyperelectrical activity in the AD hiPSC‐neurons, similar to that observed in the human AD brain, and correlate it to ≈1400 proteins detected at the single neuron level. Using linear regression and mediation analyses to explore the relationship between the abundance of individual proteins and the neuron's mutational and electrophysiological status, this approach yields new information on therapeutic targets in excitatory neurons not attainable by traditional methods. This combined patch‐proteomics technique creates a new proteogenetic‐therapeutic strategy to correlate genotypic alterations to physiology with protein expression in single‐cells.
Early Detection and Monitoring of Anastomotic Leaks via Naked Eye‐Readable, Non‐Electronic Macromolecular Network Sensors
Authors: Jessernig Alexander , Anthis Alexandre H.C. , Vonna Emilie , Rosendorf Jachym , Liska Vaclav , Widmer Jeannette , Schlegel Andrea A. , Herrmann Inge K.
Published: May 2024

Anastomotic leakage (AL) is the leaking of non‐sterile gastrointestinal contents into a patient's abdominal cavity. AL is one of the most dreaded complications following gastrointestinal surgery, with mortality rates reaching up to 27%. The current diagnostic methods for anastomotic leaks are limited in sensitivity and specificity. Since the timing of detection directly impacts patient outcomes, developing new, fast, and simple methods for early leak detection is crucial. Here, a naked eye‐readable, electronic‐free macromolecular network drain fluid sensor is introduced for continuous monitoring and early detection of AL at the patient's bedside. The sensor array comprises three different macromolecular network sensing elements, each tailored for selectivity toward the three major digestive enzymes found in the drainage fluid during a developing AL. Upon digestion of the macromolecular network structure by the respective digestive enzymes, the sensor produces an optical shift discernible to the naked eye. The diagnostic efficacy and clinical applicability of these sensors are demonstrated using clinical samples from 32 patients, yielding a Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve (ROC AUC) of 1.0. This work has the potential to significantly contribute to improved patient outcomes through continuous monitoring and early, low‐cost, and reliable AL detection.
Stabilization of High‐Pressure Phase of Face‐Centered Cubic Lutetium Trihydride at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Ying , Fu Yuhao , Redfern Simon A. T. , Jiang Shuqing , Zhu Pinwen , Cui Tian
Published: May 2024

Superconductivity at room temperature and near‐ambient pressures is a highly sought‐after phenomenon in physics and materials science. A recent study reported the presence of this phenomenon in N‐doped lutetium hydride [Nature 615, 244 (2023)], however, subsequent experimental and theoretical investigations have yielded inconsistent results. This study undertakes a systematic examination of synthesis methods involving high temperatures and pressures, leading to insights into the impact of the reaction path on the products and the construction of a phase diagram for lutetium hydrides. Notably, the high‐pressure phase of face‐centered cubic LuH3 (fcc‐LuH3) is maintained to ambient conditions through a high‐temperature and high‐pressure method. Based on temperature and anharmonic effects corrections, the lattice dynamic calculations demonstrate the stability of fcc‐LuH3 at ambient conditions. However, no superconductivity is observed above 2 K in resistance and magnetization measurements in fcc‐LuH3 at ambient pressure. This work establishes a comprehensive synthesis approach for lutetium hydrides, thereby enhancing the understanding of the high‐temperature and high‐pressure method employed in hydrides with superconductivity deeply.
Technical note: Micro‐computed tomography calibration using dental tissue for bone mineral research
Authors: Towle Ian , Loch Carolina , Oxenham Marc , Krueger Kristin L. , Samir Salem Amira , de Pinillos Marina Martínez , Modesto‐Mata Mario , Hlusko Leslea J.
Published: May 2024

Computed tomography (CT) and microcomputed tomography (μCT) require calibration against density phantoms scanned with specimens or during routine internal calibration for assessment of mineral concentration (MC) and density. In clinical studies involving bone, alternative calibration methods using bodily tissues and fluids (“phantomless” calibration) have been suggested. However, such tissues are seldom available in archeological and osteological research. This study investigates the potential of dental tissue as internal reference for calibration of μCT scans, facilitating the analysis of bone MC. We analyzed 70 molars from 24 extant primate species, including eight human teeth, each scanned with density phantoms for calibration. Our findings indicate that sampling specific regions of molars (lateral aspects of the mesial cusps) yields low variation in enamel and dentine MC values, averaging 1.27 g/cm3 (±0.03) for dentine and 2.25 g/cm3 (±0.03) for enamel. No significant differences were observed across molar types or among scanning procedures, including scanner model, resolution, and filters. An ad hoc test on 12 mandibles revealed low variance in MC between the conventional phantom and dental tissue calibration methods; all 36 measurements (low, medium, and high MC for each mandible) were within 0.05 g/cm3 of each other —81% were within 0.03 g/cm3 and 94% within 0.04 g/cm3. Based on these results, we propose a new “phantomless” calibration technique using these mean enamel and dentine MC values. The presented phantomless calibration method could aid in the assessment of bone pathology and enhance the scope of studies investigating bone structure and physical property variations in archeological, osteological, and laboratory‐based research.
Biomimetic Photoexcited Cobaloxime Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Dam Phong , Zuo Kaiming , Azofra Luis Miguel , El‐Sepelgy Osama
Published: May 2024

Drawing inspiration from nature has long been a cornerstone of chemical innovation, with natural systems offering a wealth of untapped potential for discovery. In this minireview, we delve into the burgeoning field of cobaloxime catalysis in organic synthesis, which mimics the catalytic activity of the natural organometallic alkylcobalamine enzymes. Our focus lies on elucidating the latest advancements in this area, as well as delineating the primary mechanistic pathways at play. By describing, and comparing these mechanisms, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art, while also shedding light on the key unresolved challenges that await further exploration.
Synthesis, Isolation, and Reactivity Studies of ‘Naked’ Acyclic Gallyl and Indyl Anions
Authors: Sarkar Debotra , Vasko Petra , Gluharev Tihomir , Griffin Liam P. , Bogle Charlotte , Struijs Job , Tang Jianqin , Roper Aisling F. , Crumpton Agamemnon E. , Aldridge Simon
Published: May 2024

By exploiting the electronic capabilities of the N‐heterocyclic boryloxy (NHBO) ligand, we have synthesized “naked” acyclic gallyl [Ga{OB(NDippCH)2}2]− and indyl [In{OB(NDippCH)2}2]− anions (as their [K(2.2.2‐crypt)]+ salts) through K+ abstraction from [KGa{OB(NDippCH)2}2] and [KIn{OB(NDippCH)2}2] using 2.2.2‐crypt. These systems represent the first O‐ligated gallyl/indyl systems, are ultimately accessed from cyclopentadienyl GaI/InI precursors by substitution chemistry, and display nucleophilic reactivity which is strongly influenced by the presence (or otherwise) of the K+ counterion.
Polyhedral {Ag12} and {Ag16} Clusters: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Xie Hong‐Ping , Jin Xiao‐Hang , Li Jun‐Yi , Du Ming‐Hao , Song Ying‐Lin , Lang Jian‐Ping
Published: May 2024

Two polyhedral silver‐thiolate clusters, [S@Ag16(Tab)10(MeCN)8](PF6)14 (Ag16) and [Ag12(Tab)6(DMF)12](PF6)12 (Ag12), were synthesized by using electroneutral Tab species as protective ligands (Tab=4‐(trimethylammonio)benzenethiolate, DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide, MeCN=acetonitrile). Ag16 has a decahedral shape composed of eight pentagon {Ag5} units and two square {Ag4} units. The structure of Ag12 is a cuboctahedron, a classical Archimedean structure composed of six triangular faces and eight square faces. The former configuration is discovered in silver‐thiolate cluster for the first time, possibly benefited from the more flexible coordination between the Tab ligand and Ag+ facilitated by the electropositive −N(CH3)3+ substituent group. Third‐order nonlinear optical studies show that both clusters in DMF exhibit reverse saturate absorption response under the irradiation of 532 nm laser.