bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suicidality and self-compassion in patients with major depressive disorder: the mediating role of the avoidant attachment type
Authors: Yotsidi Vasiliki , Ntakolia Charis , Rannou Ioanna , Stavrou Pilios-Dimitris , Ferentinos Panagiotis , Douzenis Athanasios , Smyrnis Nikolaos , Gavriilidou Efthimia , Gournellis Rossetos
Published: December 2024

Despite recent studies establishing self-compassion and secure attachment to be vital protective factors against suicidality, the role of attachment as a psychological mechanism that may mediate the relationship between self-compassion and suicidality has not been investigated to date. This study aims to address this gap by investigating whether attachment styles, specifically avoidant attachment, mediate the link between self-compassion and suicidality in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). 273 adult patients with MDD completed the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECRS), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) along with sociodemographic and clinical questions. Statistical analyses included correlation analysis and Mann- Whitney U tests to examine the relationships and possible differences between the non-suicidal group and the suicidal group of patients in terms of attachment style, self-compassion, and self-destructive behaviors. A mediation analysis to assess the role of attachment avoidance in the relationship between selfcompassion and suicidality was also conducted. Both attachment anxiety and avoidance were positively associated with suicidality and depression and negatively with self-compassion. The patients with increased suicidality differed significantly in the levels of depression, self-compassion, and attachment compared to those who were non-suicidal. The protective mechanism of self-compassion against suicidality was mediated by attachment avoidance. Research findings highlight the need for considering attachment-related issues to understand suicidality and tailor interventions in the field of suicide prevention and treatment while they gauge treatment priorities in working with depressed patients with suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
The role of levatorplasty procedure in improving genital hiatus area and symptoms in pelvic organ prolapse with ballooning in Indonesia
Authors: Kouwagam Anggrainy Dwifitriana , Moegni Fernandi , Santoso Budi Iman , Djusad Suskhan , Hakim Surahman , Priyatini Tyas , Meutia Alfa Putri
Published: December 2024

Levatorplasty procedures can be performed in cases of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with hiatal ballooning to reduce the risk of prolapse recurrence. At Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, POP patients with hiatal ballooning during pre-operative ultrasound examination were planned for an additional levatorplasty procedure. However, there was no objective assessment such as the ballooning condition postoperatively. The objective of this paired comparative analytic study was to determine the improvement of ballooning after levatorplasty by assessing anteroposterior (AP) hiatal length and maximal levator hiatal (LHmax) on ultrasound Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System, and the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) Questionnaire-20. The data of 32 women were taken retrospectively and prospectively during 2021-2022 and statistically analyzed using SPSS 24.0. There was a reduced degree of ballooning measured by LHmax area in 28 patients (87.5%), AP hiatal length in 26 patients (81.25%), and genital hiatus + perineal body length in 25 patients (78.1%) and decreased median value of PFDI to 31.2 (p=0.009) after levatorplasty. The levatorplasty procedure has proven beneficial in improving the objective and subjective outcomes of POP patients with evidence of ballooning on ultrasonography.
A Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Jugular Bulb Anatomical Variations Using High-resolution Computed Tomography
Authors: Atram Saurabh , Agrawal Alka , Dixit Yogita , Manzill  , Suhas K. S. , Dhakad Hema , Patel Neelesh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The jugular bulb (JB) is a key anatomical structure of the temporal bone that shows variability that can impact otologic surgeries and symptoms. This study aimed to assess the presence and characteristics of bulb variations with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and their distribution across different demographics.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 400 patients undergoing HRCT of the temporal bone were ambispectively analyzed. JB variations, including high-riding JB, dehiscent JB, and JB diverticulum, were identified. Data were further analyzed based on gender, age, and unilateral versus bilateral presence.

Results:

High-riding JB was observed in 20% of the patients. Dehiscent JB and JB diverticulum were less frequently found in 3% and 0.25% of the cases, respectively. Significant gender differences were noted with high-riding JB more prevalent in females (27.9%) compared to males (15.9%). Age-related variations showed high-riding JB most frequently in the 10–30 year ages. The majority of JB variations were unilateral with a right-sided predominance.

Conclusion:

The presence of JB variations highlights the need for careful preoperative assessment in otologic surgeries to avoid complications. The significant findings of gender- and age-related differences in JB variations underscore the importance of personalized diagnostic approaches. This study reinforces the value of HRCT in the detailed evaluation of anatomy for optimized planning of surgeries and patient management.
Burden of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Determinants among Adults (≥30 Years) Residing in Urban Field Practice Area of A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal
Authors: Mandal Nabarun , Podder Debayan , Mallick Nazrul , Biswas Puspendu
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant global health challenge, particularly in countries like India. Despite the multitude of studies, relatively few have assessed the burden of diabetes and its determinants in a resource-limited district in West Bengal, India, utilizing various biochemical and anthropometric parameters.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2023 to assess the burden of diabetes and its determinants among an estimated sample of 114 adults (≥30 years) residing in the urban field practice area of tertiary care hospital in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected through household survey using a predesigned, pretested interview schedule, whereas the anthropometric and biochemical data were collected on prefixed days at the urban primary health center using standardized tools and techniques as appropriate. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify associations between diabetes and its determinants.

Results:

Prevalence of DM and prediabetes was 39.47% and 31.58%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with DM were female (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 4.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.06–19.41]), overweight participants (AOR = 6.53, 95% CI [1.02–41.85]), physical activity (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI [1.05–7.65]), and family history of diabetes (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI [1.04–7.22]).

Conclusion:

The findings underscore the urgent need for implementation of targeted public health interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of diabetes and mitigating its associated risks at national and subnational level.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Related to Antibiotic Use among Adult Population in Urban Slums of Burdwan Municipality, Purba Bardhaman District of West Bengal: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chingri Sayanti , Das Sulagna , Gupta Sukanya
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) poses a considerable challenge to global public health. Appropriate antibiotic usage plays a pivotal role toward preventing emerging ABR. The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding antibiotic use among the adult population (≥18 years) in urban slums of Burdwan Municipality and to find out the associations, if any, between sociodemographic characteristics and level of KAP.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was done on 270 adults residing in slums of Burdwan Municipality during September–October 2023. Subjects were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by interviewing the respondents using a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured schedule. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 38.16 (±13) years. The majority (63.7%) of them were females, 25.6% were educated up to middle school, and 41.1% were homemakers or retired persons. It was found that only 35.9% population had better knowledge, 47.8% had a positive attitude, and 48.5% of the population had an appropriate practice of antibiotics. Almost a quarter (23.70%) of the population was unaware of the term antibiotics. The Chi-square test revealed gender, occupation, and education to be significantly associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotic usage among respondents.

Conclusion:

The findings underscore the importance of targeted educational interventions to improve the knowledge about antibiotics and promote rational antibiotic use among urban slum dwellers. Efforts to combat ABR must prioritize addressing KAP gaps in diverse community settings to mitigate the threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Effectiveness of Plasma Therapy in Patients with COVID-19 Infection – A Retrospective Record-based Descriptive Study
Authors: Bhat Murali Shankar , Mehandale Sripada G. , Huchchannavar Raghavendra R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic presented an unprecedented challenge to the medical community, leading to numerous therapeutic interventions being explored. Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT), derived from recovered COVID-19 patients, was one such treatment used in the absence of proven therapies. However, its efficacy remained a topic of debate.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness of CPT in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infection. Data included comorbidities, treatment regimens, partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratios, oxygen therapy duration, and outcomes. Patients were divided into groups based on CPT receipt. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two groups.

Results:

Out of 72 patients, 36 received CPT, and 36 did not. Patients who received CPT had longer ICU and hospital stays. The mortality rate was higher in the CPT group (50%) compared to the non-CPT group (22.2%). Patients with comorbidities experienced higher mortality rates. Notably, the CPT group exhibited improved PaO2/FiO2 ratios on day 2. Complications related to CPT were minimal.

Conclusion:

The use of CPT in COVID-19 treatment did not impact overall survival or hospital stay duration.
Correlation of Iron Deficiency Status with Thyroid Profile among Subclinical and Overt Hypothyroidism Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Puducherry, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sylus Angel Mercy , Priyatharshini M. , Muraliswaran P. , Lavanya M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Hypothyroidism and iron deficiency are both highly prevalent disorders that share certain similar clinical presentations, implying the possibility for their coexistence. Hence, the objectives of this study were to evaluate serum iron indices and thyroid function tests in subclinical and overt hypothyroidism compared to healthy controls and to investigate the relationship between iron indices and thyroid function in subclinical and overt hypothyroidism.

Materials and Methods:

This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 154 participants, aged between 25–60 years, grouped as 46 subclinical hypothyroid patients, 58 overt hypothyroid patients, and 50 healthy controls. Their serum thyroid function and iron indices, namely ferritin, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation (TSAT), were estimated and compared between the groups.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 37.76 ± 7.13 years. Serum ferritin, iron, and TSAT were significantly lower, while TIBC was higher, in both the subclinical and overt hypothyroid groups compared to healthy subjects. In subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, thyroid-stimulating hormone showed a significant negative correlation with ferritin, iron, and TSAT, but positively correlated with TIBC. Free thyroxine correlated positively with ferritin, iron, and TSAT in both the hypothyroid groups but correlated negatively with TIBC in overt hypothyroidism only. Free triiodothyronine showed a positive correlation with ferritin in overt hypothyroidism.

Conclusion:

The study results suggest that iron deficiency correlates with thyroid function in both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, demonstrated by decline in ferritin, iron, and TSAT with an increase in TIBC. It implies the likely coexistence of iron deficiency with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism and emphasizes the necessity for early assessment of iron status in patients with thyroid hypofunction to ensure appropriate management.
Effect of different doses of cyclobenzaprine-HCl on the reproductive health of female Wistar rats
Authors: Ibrahim Sara , El Ghareeb Abd El Wahab , EL-Sherif Ahmed A. , El-Rahman Heba Ali Abd
Published: December 2024

Background

Women often experience significant burdens both at home and in their professional lives, which can lead to physical and mental strain. To manage these challenges, medications such as cyclobenzaprine-HCl, originally developed as a tricyclic antidepressant but reintroduced as a muscle relaxant, are sometimes used. Its effectiveness in treating muscle spasms, localized pain, and limited range of motion in acute musculoskeletal conditions has been well documented.

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore the potential consequences of cyclobenzaprine-HCl on reproductive health by assessing its influence on female Wistar rats.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted on 18 adult female Wistar rats, divided into three groups: a control group receiving distilled water and two treated groups with two doses − a low-dose group receiving 1.5 mg/kg of cyclobenzaprine-HCl and a high-dose group receiving 3 mg/kg, administered orally for 30 days. We assessed the impact of cyclobenzaprine-HCl on serum hormonal levels (progesterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone), oxidative stress markers (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde), histopathological changes in ovaries and uteri, and DNA stability using the comet assay.

Results and conclusion

The study revealed that cyclobenzaprine-HCl caused hormonal imbalances distinguished by significant increase in estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and significant decreases in progesterone and luteinizing hormone levels. Dissruptions in oxidative stress markers were characterized by elevated malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels. Histopathological abnormalities included degeneration, deformed follicles, congested blood vessels, and necrosis in the ovarian tissue. In addition, diffused eosinophil infiltration, pyknotic nuclei, glandular hyperplasia, necrosis, and hypercellularity in the uterine tissue. DNA instability was observed in both dosage groups as evidenced by fragmented DNA in the shape of comets. These findings underscore the potential reproductive toxicity of cyclobenzaprine-HCl in female rats, suggesting a need for caution in its use considering its possible adverse effects on reproductive health.
Influence of oxytocin level and oxytocin receptor gene expression on the status and severity of autism spectrum disorder in a group of Egyptian children
Authors: Hashish Shaimaa M. , Nazmy Nahla , Desouky Lubna M. , Elsaeid Amal , Zeidan Hala M.
Published: December 2024

Background

The use of oxytocin (OXT) as a biomarker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its role in the pathophysiology of ASD is still controversial and not straightforward.

Objective

To evaluate, the association of ASD risk with OXT concentration and the expression of its receptor (OXTR) mRNA in a group of children with autism, in addition, to investigating the influence of OXT and OXTR on the status and severity of the disorder in the study ASD group.

Patients and methods

This study included 30 children diagnosed with ASD, representing the cases group, and a comparable 30 neurotypical children with matched age and sex as a control group. After detailed history taking, pedigree construction, and clinical examination to exclude recognizable syndromes, OXT level and OXTR gene expression were assessed in all included children.

Results and conclusion

The OXT level in autistic cases was significantly lower than in controls (P=0.0001). Also, the fold change of OXTR was significantly lower than controls (P=0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that at a cut-off point of less than 0.2806, OXTR showed reasonable diagnostic performance with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 53.33, 78.2, 72.7, and 63.2, respectively (P=0.0067). At a cut-off point of less than or equal to 119 pg/ml, the OXT level showed good diagnostic performance with sensitivity (86.67%), specificity (76.67%), positive predictive value (78.8%), and negative predictive value (85.2%) (P<0.0001). Our results proved the potential role of OXT plasma measurements and gene expression in diagnosing ASD at optimal cut-off values. These results support the use of OXT as a biomarker for ASD and also as a possible therapeutic option to improve the social behavior of ASD children.
A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of anemia in Africa
Authors: Mude Abdirasak Sharif Ali , Nageye Yahye Ahmed , Bello Kizito Eneye
Published: December 2024

The incidence of anemia in Africa is still of major epidemiological significance. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia in Africa through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published studies. We conducted a comprehensive search across five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar) using specific keywords to address the prevalence of anemia following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed on our eligible studies using the random-effects model. Our search returned 101 eligible articles involving 79,572 anemia cases in 14 African nations. The overall pooled prevalence of anemia in Africa was 29.2% (95% confidence interval: 25.2%–33.7% I2 = 99.28%). Subgroup analyses revealed variations in the prevalence across different countries, study designs, maturity status of participants, and publication years. Notably, Egypt and South Africa exhibited high prevalence rates of 99.5% and 85.6%, respectively, whereas Ethiopia reported a moderately low prevalence of 19.3%. The maturity status also influenced prevalence rates, with children indicating a higher prevalence (58.8%) compared to adults (21%). The study highlights the significant burden of anemia in Africa; the findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions and improved standard of living to manage and control anemia in the region.
Ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter during laparoscopic surgeries in pediatric patients: An observational study
Authors: Ray Swarup , Parmar Uditi , Dias Raylene , Saxen Vishal , Mujpurwala Fatema , Anu K A
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Laparoscopic surgery involves creation of carbondioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum leading to a rise in intracranial pressure (ICP), which can cause expansion of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD).We aimed to study the magnitude of changes in ONSD occurring during pediatric laparoscopic surgery and correlate them with changes in end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), intrabdominal pressure (IAP), and a change in patient position (P).

Material and Methods:

Thirty-five pediatric patients between 1 and 12 years undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia were included.The ONSD, EtCO2, IAP, and position (P) in degrees from supine were recorded 15 min post-anesthesia induction(T1) and 30 min following the establishment of pneumoperitoneum (T2).The difference between the two groups was analyzed using a paired or unpaired t-test for quantitative variables and using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for qualitative data.Correlation between two quantitative variables was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Results:

Mean ONSD showed a significant change (P < 0.001) 30 min (T2) following pneumoperitoneum increasing by an average of 0.04cm as compared to 15 min (T1) post-anesthesia induction (0.57 ± 0.06 vs. 0.61 ± 0.06). There was a moderate to strong positive correlation between change in ONSD and change in EtCO2(correlation coefficient = 0.629, P = 0.001) 30 min post pneumoperitoneum. There was a weak correlation between change in ONSD and change in position (correlation coefficient = 0.276) and a very weak correlation between change in ONSD and change in IAP (correlation coefficient = 0.19).

Conclusions:

Laparoscopic surgeries in children can cause significant increases in ICP as measured by the ONSD; changes in EtCO2 are the predominant factor responsible. Increasing minute ventilation to maintain normal EtCO2 may help mitigate changes in ICP in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery.
Comorbidities of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – An Observational Case–Control Study
Authors: Mohan Neethu , Kandekath Madhu , Nair M. Raveendran , Parappil Ravindran
Published: December 2024

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presently ranks globally as one of the top three causes of mortality. COPD is constantly seen coexisting with other diseases and this association negatively affects patients with the disease, in the context of exacerbations, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Identifying and managing the different comorbidities presents diagnostic challenges for both the health-care provider and the patient. However, the distribution and types of comorbidities vary among various studies from different parts of the world.

Objective:

The objective is to study the prevalence of various comorbidities in COPD versus age and sex-matched non-COPD group.

Materials and Methods:

The study is designed as an observational case–control study from a tertiary care center in South Kerala. A total of 150 patients diagnosed with COPD attending the pulmonary medicine department and 150 non-COPD nonsmoker patients attending other medical and surgery wards were recruited for the study. They were evaluated for the prevalence of major comorbidities with the help of a questionnaire and relevant investigations and results were analyzed by applying Chi-square test.

Results:

Mostly encountered comorbidities among COPD versus non-COPD patients were hypertension (53.3% vs. 38.67%, P = 0.01), coronary artery disease (35.67% vs. 24%, P = 0.006), diabetes mellitus (DM) (40% vs. 28.67%, P = 0.003), arrhythmias (12.67% vs. 6% P = 0.047), carcinoma lung (6.67% vs. 0, P = 0.0038), osteoporosis (29.33% vs. 16.67%, P = 0.009), sarcopenia (21.3% VS 12.67, P = 0.01), pneumonia (20.6% vs. 6%, P = 0.009), anxiety and/or depression (27.33% vs. 14.6%, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

These comorbidities were found to have a statistically significant association with COPD versus non-COPD group. Results from our study are at par with similar studies in the literature.
The Unusual Trajectory of an Incidental Tracheal Lesion
Authors: Babu Anjali , Jayaprakash B. , Shajahan P. S. , Joseph Tinku
Published: December 2024

Instances of tracheal metastasis are seldom documented in literature, appearing as an elusive phenomenon. The most common metastatic tumors to the airway include renal cell carcinoma, sarcomas, breast and colon cancer, and melanoma. Metastatic tumors that involve the trachea can cause airway compromise by direct invasion and endoluminal obstruction or by extrinsic compression of the trachea. A case of tracheal metastasis from carcinoma colon in a 70-year-old male is reported due to its rarity.
Pleuroscopy Using Flexible Bronchoscope – Usefulness in Resource-limited Medical Setting, Technique, and Paul’s Paradox
Authors: Paul Akhil
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

In rural areas of the world with limited resources, for a chest physician, pleuroscope is a luxury to have that can impair the efficiency of diagnostics. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety profile of using a flexible bronchoscope to perform pleuroscopy in a larger cohort of patients with pleural effusions and also to explain the step-by-step process of this technique.

Method:

The patients who underwent pleuroscopy in our department of pulmonary medicine from 2017 to 2024 for the evaluation of pleural effusions formed the study cohort in this prospective observational study.

Results:

Among the cohort of 172 patients, 115 (66.9%) were male and the mean age of the study cohort was 60 years. The diagnostic yield of this technique was 98.8%. Tuberculosis was the most common etiology among men (51.3%) and malignancy was the most common etiology in women (43.86%). 31.4% of the patients had malignancy. Fifty-one patients (29.65%) had multiple loculations with septations along with organized pleural collections. There was no significant procedure-related complications. “Explore-break-suction-explore” were the steps followed in using the flexible bronchoscope to perform pleuroscopy in complicated effusions.

Conclusion:

When the standard medical pleuroscopy using the rigid or semirigid thoracoscopes is not feasible, after taking informed consent, using flexible bronchoscope to perform pleurcoscopy is a feasible technique that can be used in resource-limited settings to diagnose the etiology of the pleural effusions and to break the loculations and to drain the empyema.
A Rare Disease Which Licks the Face and Bites the Lung
Authors: Philip Sophia , Rajendran Parvathi , Krishnan Jijith , Venugopal K. P. , George Sunny , Tom Sneha Clare , Anirudhan Renjana
Published: December 2024

A lung disease with primary skin manifestations is causing delay in diagnosis due to its rarity and unawareness.
Role of long noncoding RNAs in angiogenesis-related cerebrovascular disorders and regenerative medicine: a narrative review
Authors: Yang Xinghuang , Xiong Tianqing , Li Shun
Published: December 2024

In cerebrovascular illness, tissue hypoxia and nutrient deficiency or blood vessel obstruction cause angiogenesis. The brain forms new blood vessels to safeguard the organism during stress. However, it is impossible to ignore the possibility of ischemia‒reperfusion damage due to excessive angiogenesis. Therefore, how to better cope with stress in patients with cerebrovascular disorders by regulating angiogenesis is a challenge that we face and continue to focus on. Studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs can regulate angiogenesis in various cell types through different molecular mechanisms. After stroke, astrocytes secrete extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, to indirectly modulate brain angiogenesis, which involves long non-coding RNAs. These clinical studies on long non-coding RNAs provide new perspectives for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. As potential biomarkers, long non-coding RNAs contribute to the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. In terms of regenerative medicine and regenerative therapies, research on long non-coding RNAs also opens new avenues. Understanding long non-coding RNA processes in angiogenesis will help create therapeutics that target specific long non-coding RNAs to promote neovascularization and brain tissue healing. This may include the use of long non-coding RNAs as drug carriers or the development of small-molecule drugs that target long non-coding RNAs to promote angiogenesis and neuroprotection. In conclusion, the application of long non-coding RNAs is promising in cerebrovascular disorders, especially in the fields of angiogenesis and regenerative medicine. Advanced technology and research are projected to make long non-coding RNAs key targets for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders.
Advanced neuromorphic engineering approaches for restoring neural activity after brain injury: innovations in regenerative medicine
Authors: Pisarchik Alexander N. , Gerasimova Svetlana A. , Lebedeva Albina V. , Levanova Tatiana A. , Malkov Anton E. , Mikhaylov Alexey N. , Smirnov Lev A.
Published: December 2024

Restoring neural function after brain injury is a critical medical challenge, as conventional treatments often fail to achieve full recovery. This makes the development of innovative regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering strategies particularly necessary. This study aims to fill the existing gap in neuromorphic engineering by mimicking biological neuron dynamics and realizing effective clinical applications to promote functional recovery and quality of life enhancement in patients with brain injury. The novel neuromorphic engineering approaches leverage the dynamic behavior of brain neurons, incorporating electronic circuits that emulate neuronal dynamics. A basic configuration involves a neural model designed to mimic the dynamics of a living neuron, with the potential to replace damaged brain tissue when implanted, thus restoring signal propagation. An enhanced configuration integrates a closed-loop system, wherein the feedback signal from biological neurons synchronizes the artificial neuron with its living counterpart, allowing continuous self-adjustment of system parameters and promoting a neuro-autogenerative regime. Further refinement introduces a memristive device that connects artificial neurons to simulate synaptic plasticity. In conjunction with feedback control, this system enables self-tuning of parameters for improved adaptability to natural neural dynamics. The supporting software combines nonlinear dynamics with deep learning techniques, specifically employing reservoir computing for enhanced performance. These approaches were successfully validated in vitro and in vivo using mice models, demonstrating that advanced neuromorphic engineering holds significant potential for restoring neural activity after brain injury. This offers a promising strategy in regenerative medicine to improve rehabilitation outcomes and patients’ life quality by aiding neurological function reconstruction.
The application of artificial intelligence in tissue repair and regenerative medicine related to pediatric and congenital heart surgery: a narrative review
Authors: Francis Jeevan , George Joseph , Peng Edward , Corno Antonio F.
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have the potential to revolutionize tissue repair and regenerative medicine in the field of pediatric and congenital heart surgery. Artificial intelligence is increasingly being recognized as a transformative force in healthcare with its ability to analyse large and complex datasets, predict surgical outcomes, and improve surgical education and training with the use of virtual reality and surgical simulators. This review explores the current applications of artificial intelligence in predicting surgical outcomes, improving peri-operative decision-making, and facilitating training for surgeons, particularly in low-income countries. By leveraging advanced algorithms and simulations, artificial intelligence can analyse intricate patient data and anatomical variations, enabling early detection of congenital heart defects and optimising surgical approaches. Ultimately, while barriers such as inconsistent data quality and limited resources remain, the advancement of artificial intelligence technologies offers a promising avenue to enhance regenerative medicine related to patient care and surgical education in pediatric and congenital heart surgery.
Narrative review on tissue and organ cryopreservation research related to regenerative medicine: from early attempts to future possibilities
Authors: Arav Amir , Natan Yehudit
Published: December 2024

The development of organ transplantation and cryopreservation has transformed modern transplantation and regenerative medicine. This review explores these interlinked fields, focusing on their convergence and mutual influence on modern transplant practices. Initially evolving independently, organ transplantation and cryobiology have advanced in tandem, with each field’s breakthroughs shaping the other. While organ transplantation has made remarkable strides, it remains constrained by the limited availability and preservation of viable organs. Cryopreservation offers a solution, enabling longer-term storage and broader access to organs for transplantation. This review traces the history of organ transplantation, emphasizing milestones that have improved recipient outcomes. It also examines cryopreservation techniques, such as directional freezing and vitrification, which show promise for maintaining tissues and organs over extended periods. However, challenges remain, particularly for preserving large, complex organs. Issues such as ice formation, cellular damage, and rewarming must be addressed to enhance the viability of cryopreserved organs. Key research barriers include the development of non-toxic cryoprotectants, advanced cryogenic equipment for precise temperature control, and anti-rejection therapies. By addressing these challenges, cryopreservation can help tackle critical organ shortages, enabling sustainable and flexible organ banks that improve access to life-saving transplants. The integration of regenerative medicine with cryopreservation could revolutionize transplantation, fostering personalized approaches and improving clinical outcomes. This review underscores the transformative potential of cryopreservation to create reliable organ banks, advance regenerative medicine, and save lives globally.
Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway in central nervous system regenerative medicine: a narrative review
Authors: Badenes Marina
Published: December 2024

The epidermal growth factor receptor (signaling pathway is involved in numerous important mammal cell functions, such as growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Associated with this, it is involved in tissue normal development and growth, tumorigenesis, and in tissue repair. Epidermal growth factor receptor is broadly expressed in the organism, including in the central and peripheral nervous system, where it has important neurotrophic functions. The central nervous system has a limited capacity for regeneration upon lesion, leading to severe disabilities, such as blindness, sensorimotor deficits, and paralysis. However, observations suggest that its innate neurogenic response may be amplified to promote the replenishment of damaged neuronal populations. In addition, the environment can also be modulated to promote regeneration. Therefore, the pathways involved in neural tissue repair have been investigated in terms of regenerative medicine, to discover new therapies to recover from traumatic injury or ischemia in the central nervous system or to inhibit the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Growth factors have been widely accepted as the most important promoters of proliferation and neurogenesis under physiologic conditions and after injury. In this review, we summarize how the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway is involved in neuronal damage and neurodegeneration in several settings, including in the olfactory epithelium, brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve, where this pathway can be modulated in the context of regenerative medicine to promote neuronal regeneration and, therefore, neurological function reestablishment in response to insults.
Epidemiology of ABO and rhesus blood groups in blood donors at a North Indian tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Tyagi Mayurika Subodh Kumar , Singh Swati , Chaurasiya Priyanka
Published: December 2024

Background:

The ABO blood type system has been the most crucial in transfusion medicine since it is discovered by Karl Landsteiner. Studies of population migration patterns and the resolution of certain medicolegal problems, especially those involving disputed paternity, highlight the significance of the blood group systems in population genetics. The purpose of this research was to collect information on the ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood type frequencies and distributions among donors in a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Materials and Methods:

Data were collected retrospectively from January 2018 to June 2023 of donors and analyzed sequentially for their ABO and Rh blood groups. Donor blood groups were determined using test tube and column agglutination techniques, with forward and reverse methods, with the aid of widely available standard monoclonal antisera.

Results:

The findings showed that blood group B (38%) was the most frequent among donors, followed by O (28%) and A (23%). The blood group with the lowest frequency was AB (11%). The majority of donors were Rh-positive (93.9%). About 6.1% of the population were negative for the Rh factor.

Conclusion:

It was observed that the most prevalent blood group throughout the entire duration of the study, among both males and females, was B, accounting for 37.80% of the population. The prevalence of RhD-negative in the population was shown to be only 6.10%. Based on the findings of the current investigation and previous relevant studies, it can be deduced that the B blood group exhibits the highest prevalence rates within the examined region, followed by blood groups O (30.73%), A (23.20%), and AB (10.90%). This project will provide valuable insights for the effective management of blood bank and transfusion services, as well as the maintenance of comprehensive donor records for future utilization.
Steatocystoma multiplex - A rare case report
Authors: Kaur Navdeep , Sharma Richa , Singh Swati , Mittal Adreena , Jain Mansi , Dixit Alka , Yadav Geetanjali
Published: December 2024

Steatocystoma multiplex is a rare inherited condition characterized by the development of numerous hamartomatous cystic lesions originating from the pilosebaceous duct junction, usually manifesting at puberty. It follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and presents clinically with multiple asymptomatic cysts, primarily in areas with a high concentration of pilosebaceous glands such as the groin, axilla, and scrotum. The lesions typically appear as skin-colored or yellowish papules. A 19-year-old male presented with multiple papular lesions on his neck for 1.5 years, which later spread to his lower back and left scapular region. Physical examination revealed well-defined, round to oval dermal cysts, varying in size from 5 to 7 cm, without a family history of similar conditions. Suspecting steatocystoma multiplex, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and biopsy were performed. FNAC revealed an oily material with squamous cells, and the biopsy showed cysts lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with sebaceous glands near the cyst wall, confirming the diagnosis. Steatocystoma multiplex, first described in 1873 and named by Pringle in 1899, is linked to mutations in the Keratin 17 (K17) gene and usually affects individuals in their second and third decades. The condition is benign but often causes cosmetic concerns, leading to patient treatment-seeking behavior. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in reducing the psychological impact of the disease. This case is noteworthy due to the rare occurrence of steatocystoma multiplex in the head and neck region.
Review of Original Research, Processing Evolution, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Effects of Semen Vaccariae
Authors: Li Yan-Feng , Liu Ya-Shu , Ai Yuan-Liang , Liu Zheng
Published: December 2024

To review published literature, summarize information on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Semen Vaccariae (SV), and make it available for future researchers to understand the general research status of SV. The literature was collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Flora of China, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubChem, and other online databases. The result shows: SV contains flavonoid glycosides, triterpenoid saponins, volatile oils, cyclic peptides, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and other chemical components, and it has antitumor, anti-depression, anti-fibrosis, hypolipidemic, liver and lung injury protective and other effects. Currently, research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of SV has made little progress; however, the understanding of specific therapeutic mechanisms of action on clinical conditions, such as cardiovascular, prostate, and osteoporosis remains to be improved. In addition, this study describes the plant origin and processing evolution of SV to understand SV more comprehensively.
Simple weight modules over the
$N=1$
Heisenberg–Virasoro superalgebra
Authors: Lan Chao , Liu Dong
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a classification of all simple Harish-Chandra modules for the
$N=1$
Heisenberg–Virasoro superalgebra, which turn out to be highest weight modules, lowest weight modules, and evaluation modules of the intermediate series (all weight spaces are one dimensional). Moreover, a characterization of the tensor product of highest weight modules with intermediate series modules is obtained.
Categorifying reduced rings
Authors: Levy Ishan
Published: December 2024

Given a domain of characteristic zero

R

, we functorially construct a rigid symmetric monoidal dg-category whose

K_{0}

is

R

, solving a problem of Khovanov. We also functorially construct, for any reduced commutative ring

R

, a rigid braided monoidal dg-category whose

K_{0}

is

R

.
Zero fibers of quaternionic quotient singularities
Authors: Cartaya Lien , Griffeth Stephen
Published: December 2024

We propose a generalization of Haiman’s conjecture on the diagonal coinvariant rings of real reflection groups to the context of irreducible quaternionic reflection groups (also known as symplectic reflection groups). For a reflection group

W

acting on a quaternionic vector space

V

, by regarding

V

as a complex vector space, we consider the scheme-theoretic fiber over zero of the quotient map

\pi\colon V \to V/W

. For

W

an irreducible reflection group of (quaternionic) rank at least

6

, we show that the ring of functions on this fiber admits a

(g+1)^{n}

-dimensional quotient arising from an irreducible representation of a symplectic reflection algebra, where

g=2N/n

, with

N

the number of reflections in

W

and

n=\mathrm{dim}_{\mathbf{H}}(V)

, and we conjecture that this holds in general. We observe that in fact the degree of the zero fiber is precisely

g+1

for the rank one groups (corresponding to the Kleinian singularities). In an appendix, we give a proof that three variants of the Coxeter number, including

g

, are integers.
The Return of Inorganic Substance Poisoning as a Method of Suicide. An Analysis of Autopsy Reports from 2018-2023 with a Discussion of the Phenomenon = Powrót zatruć substancjami nieorganicznymi jako metody samobójstwa. Analiza protokołów sekcyjnych z lat 2018-2023 wraz z omówieniem zjawiska
Authors: Marczyk Łukasz , Skorupa Marcin , Gil Kacper , Cytlau Bartłomiej , Augustyn Joanna , Łach Aleksandra , Konopka Tomasz
Published: December 2024

The Aim of the work: To describe autopsy findings of suicide victims who used inorganic compounds over the past five years and to attempt to explain the resurgence of these substances as a method of suicidal poisoning.

Material and Methods: The study is based on a retrospective analysis of autopsy reports from the Department of Forensic Medicine in Cracow, covering the years 2018-2023. Cases of death resulting from suicide by ingestion of inorganic compounds were collected based on toxicological analyses.

Results: Between 2018 and 2023, 23 cases were identified (19 men and 4 women at an average age of 30 years). In 15 victims, poisoning with methemoglobin-forming substances was confirmed; in 7 of these cases, toxicological tests determined the substance to be sodium nitrite. In 13 individuals from this group, livor mortis was cyanotic or grayish in color. In 7 cases, brown blood discoloration was noted. Six more victims chose potassium cyanide as the method of suicide; all displayed congestion of internal organs as well as pulmonary edema. Intensely or moderately reddened stomach mucosa was found in 3 victims. Two individuals committed suicide by ingesting sodium azide.

Conclusions: In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in suicides involving inorganic compounds. Key factors contributing to this upward trend include easy availability of these poisons and the widespread access to information online regarding their effective use. The relatively young age of the victims can be attributed to their proficiency in using this medium.
The so-called Mongolian spots and suspected child abuse - difficulties in differential diagnosis
Authors: Rzepczyk Szymon , Świderski Paweł , Rusek Damian , Czerwik Jakub , Żaba Ryszard , Żaba Czesław
Published: December 2024

The assessment of physical violence against children is an important issue in forensic medicine, particularly in the case of infants and toddlers, who, due to their stage of development, are unable to communicate the violence inflicted upon them. This case describes a two-week-old girl of Roma origin, who was transferred from a temporary to a foster family. While changing the child, the foster parents noticed bruises in the sacral area. Based on the initial assessment of these changes at the hospital, the authorities were notified and an investigation was initiated. The first court expert assessing the changes indicated that the image resembled resorbing haemorrhages resulting from trauma. Another team of experts, consisting of specialists in forensic medicine, dermatology and pathology, was appointed. Based on the analysis of medical records and a physical examination using a dermatoscope, pale-blue spots characteristic of the Mongolian spot were found in the lumbar and buttock areas. Mongolian spots are congenital developmental abnormalities classified as melanocytic naevi. In most cases, the changes appear immediately after birth or shortly thereafter. Clinically, a lesion appears as single or multiple spots on the lower back, sacrum, or buttocks. These lesions can range in colour from dark grey to blue-green and take on various shapes, such as round, oval, or irregular. Lesions on the skin of children can morphologically resemble bruises, so their evaluation requires special attention. In case of doubt as to the nature of the lesion, additional examination should be performed. Furthermore, the analysis of medical records and the evaluation by a dermatologist can be helpful.