bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internationally qualified nurse communication—A qualitative cross country study
Authors: Brunton Margaret , Cook Catherine , Kuzemski Dawn , Brownie Sharon , Thirlwall Alison
Published: June 2019

Aims and objectives

To compare the communication and practice experiences of migrant nurses in geographically distant, culturally dissimilar countries in Eastern and Western contexts.

Background

Considerable research has focused on the experience of acculturation of migrant nurses into geographically diverse locations. However, there remains scant comparative research which considers the ways in which migrant nurses interpret their experience through making “sense” of events encountered in their practice.

Design

An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using face‐to‐face interviews with 36 migrant nurses currently practising in New Zealand and 20 migrant nurses practising in the United Arab Emirates.

Methods

The same question schedule was used to explore influences on communication and practice in both settings. Thematic analysis and sensemaking theory guided coding and analysis of data. COREQ guidelines informed the reporting of qualitative data.

Results

Qualitative analysis resulted in five representative themes, three illustrating similarities across diverse cultures and two that demonstrate the differences migrant nurses require to navigate across contrasting cultural environments successfully.

Conclusion

Cultural value‐based differences in both locales caused both systemic and interpersonal sensemaking challenges for migrant nurses that emphasise the importance of orientation and education programmes for internationally qualified nurses. However, cultural conflicts also exist within groups. Orientation programmes should address culturally patterned responses among different groups of internationally qualified nurses.

Relevance to clinical practice

Findings demonstrate a need for migrant nurses to be willing to embrace ambiguity in order to acculturate into a collaborative team culture in each of the geographical locations in this study. As registered nurses (RNs) also carry their cultural imprint, orientation interventions targeting the cultural variations of nurses in less standardised orientation programmes may be more beneficial in enhancing acculturation and in turn, staff retention.
Re‐evaluation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as screening for post‐partum depression in Iwate Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Sasaki Yuri , Baba Tsukasa , Oyama Rie , Fukumoto Kentaro , Haba Gen , Sasaki Makoto
Published: June 2019

Aim

Although the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is widely used for screening for post‐partum depression (PPD), screening time point and cut‐off value in the current medical environment are not sufficiently examined. In this study, we examined appropriate timing and cut‐off value of EPDS for the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition.

Methods

This study was a prospective cohort study of women who delivered at the Iwate Medical University Hospital from August 2016 to February 2019. The EPDS self‐assessment was conducted at 4 days and at 1 month after delivery (4D‐EPDS and 1M‐EPDS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression scale (CES‐D) self‐assessment was conducted at 1 month after delivery (1M‐CES‐D) in eligible patients and the scores were tabulated. Participants were interviewed by a psychiatric specialist to identify PPD within 2 months after delivery. For each screening, a receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to calculate the cut‐off value for PPD. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and correct diagnostic rate were evaluated.

Results

Of the 80 post‐partum women, PPD was found in nine cases (11.3%). The cut‐off values for PPD were ≥10 for 4D‐EPDS, ≥13 for 1M‐EPDS and ≥21 for 1M‐CES‐D. No significant difference was found in the sensitivity, positive predictive value or negative predictive value among the three screening methods. However, a significant difference was found in the specificity, and the correct diagnosis rate and these values were relatively higher in 1M‐EPDS.

Conclusion

Based on the result of this Japanese cohort, 1M‐EPDS with a cut‐off value of ≥13 might be appropriate for PPD screening although that of ≥9 is currently employed.
Evaluation of the efficacy of dentin hypersensitivity treatments—A systematic review and follow‐up analysis
Authors: Marto Carlos Miguel , Baptista Paula Anabela , Nunes Tiago , Pimenta Miguel , Abrantes Ana Margarida , Pires Ana Salomé , Laranjo Mafalda , Coelho Ana , Donato Helena , Botelho Maria Filomena , Marques Ferreira Manuel , Carrilho Eunice
Published: June 2019

Objectives

To compare the treatments used to treat dentin hypersensitivity (DH), based on its efficacy and effect duration.

Methods

Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials were searched for articles published between 1 January 2008 and 14 November 2018, in English, Portuguese or Spanish, reporting clinical trials, completed and with results. This systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO, number CRD42019121986.

Results

Seventy‐four randomised clinical trials were included in the systematic review, reporting patients from 16 to 65 years old, with a clinical diagnosis of DH, that evaluate the efficacy of a desensitising product, compared to pre‐treatment, used the evaporative method stimulation and the visual analogue scale. These studies evaluated 5366 patients and at least 9167 teeth. Seven follow‐up periods were considered corresponding to an immediate, medium or long‐time effect. Sixty‐six studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Glutaraldehyde with HEMA, glass ionomer cements and Laser present significant immediate (until 7 days) DH reduction. Medium‐term (until 1 month) reduction was observed in stannous fluoride, glutaraldehyde with HEMA, hydroxyapatite, glass ionomer cements and Laser groups. Finally, long‐term significant reduction was seen at potassium nitrate, arginine, glutaraldehyde with HEMA, hydroxyapatite, adhesive systems, glass ionomer cements and LASER.

Conclusions

All active ingredients show efficacy in DH reduction in different follow‐up times. Only in‐office treatments are effective in immediate DH reduction, maintaining its efficacy over time. For long‐time effects, at‐home treatments can also be used. More standardised evaluation protocols should be implemented to increase the robustly of the results.
Migrant Burmese women living in southern Thailand and motherhood: An ethnographic study
Authors: Phanwichatkul Titaree , Burns Elaine , Liamputtong Pranee , Schmied Virginia
Published: June 2019

Migrants to Thailand come from low‐income border countries, such as Burma (Myanmar). Generally, migrant women experience difficulties obtaining high‐quality health care due to socioeconomic barriers and conflicts with their practices. The aim of this study was to explore migrant Burmese women's experiences of becoming a mother while living in Thailand and their perceptions of motherhood, family support, and traditional postpartum practices. The study used an ethnographic design. In 2015, data were gathered through individual interviews with 10 migrant Burmese women before and after birth. Interview and field note data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged from the data: (i) the more children, the stronger the family; (ii) finding ways to promote baby's health and growth; (iii) sharing responsibility to fulfill parenting role; and (iv) peer and family support. Becoming a mother was important to the Burmese women interviewed; however, as migrants in Thailand, they had to juggle work and care for young children. Most decided that once their child was school age they would be sent to Burma to live with relatives. They engaged in a range of traditional practices to support their infant's health and well‐being and protect their baby from evil spirits. Support from family, and the ability to participate in postpartum practices, were important for Burmese migrant women becoming mothers in Thailand.
Leaf economics and plant hydraulics drive leaf : wood area ratios
Authors: Mencuccini Maurizio , Rosas Teresa , Rowland Lucy , Choat Brendan , Cornelissen Hans , Jansen Steven , Kramer Koen , Lapenis Andrei , Manzoni Stefano , Niinemets Ülo , Reich Peter B. , Schrodt Franziska , Soudzilovskaia Nadia , Wright Ian J. , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi
Published: June 2019

Biomass and area ratios between leaves, stems and roots regulate many physiological and ecological processes. The Huber value Hv (sapwood area/leaf area ratio) is central to plant water balance and drought responses. However, its coordination with key plant functional traits is poorly understood, and prevents developing trait‐based prediction models.

Based on theoretical arguments, we hypothesise that global patterns in Hv of terminal woody branches can be predicted from variables related to plant trait spectra, that is plant hydraulics and size and leaf economics.

Using a global compilation of 1135 species‐averaged Hv, we show that Hv varies over three orders of magnitude. Higher Hv are seen in short small‐leaved low‐specific leaf area (SLA) shrubs with low Ks in arid relative to tall large‐leaved high‐SLA trees with high Ks in moist environments. All traits depend on climate but climatic correlations are stronger for explanatory traits than Hv. Negative isometry is found between Hv and Ks, suggesting a compensation to maintain hydraulic supply to leaves across species.

This work identifies the major global drivers of branch sapwood/leaf area ratios. Our approach based on widely available traits facilitates the development of accurate models of above‐ground biomass allocation and helps predict vegetation responses to drought.
Atrial ectopy after pulmonary vein isolation and left heart reverse remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hasegawa Toshifumi , Nakanishi Koki , Yoshida Yuriko , Uetsuhara Takuto , Kosaka Michihiko , Shirai Naoya , Yamashita Hajime
Published: June 2019

Background

Maintenance of sinus rhythm after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling, although the degree varies among individuals. We hypothesized that frequent premature atrial complex (PAC) after PVI may attenuate the left heart reverse remodeling benefited from maintenance of sinus rhythm.

Methods

We included 82 AF patients who underwent first‐time PVI and 24‐h Holter recordings at 6 months after PVI. All patients had no AF recurrence before this time. The number of PAC was categorized into tertiles: <90, 90‐488 and >488 PACs/day. All patients underwent two‐dimensional echocardiography and serum plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement before and 6 months after PVI. LA reverse remodeling was defined as ≥15% decrease in LA volume index.

Results

There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics among the PAC tertiles except for sex. Six months after PVI, LA volume index, LV mass index, and serum BNP levels were significantly decreased in lower and middle PAC tertiles (all P < .05), whereas no significant changes were observed in upper PAC tertile. Frequency of LA reverse remodeling was significantly lower in upper tertile of PAC compared with middle and lower tertiles (22.2%, 57.1%, and 59.3%, P < .001). Baseline LA volume index, changes in LV mass index, and the frequency of PAC were independently associated with LA reverse remodeling (all P < .05).

Conclusions

Frequent PAC after PVI was associated with less left heart reverse remodeling in AF patients even without AF recurrence.
Rapid‐acting antidepressant ketamine, its metabolites and other candidates: A historical overview and future perspective
Authors: Hashimoto Kenji
Published: June 2019

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling psychiatric disorders. Approximately one‐third of the patients with MDD are treatment resistant to the current antidepressants. There is also a significant therapeutic time lag of weeks to months. Furthermore, depression in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is typically poorly responsive to antidepressants. Therefore, there exists an unmet medical need for rapidly acting antidepressants with beneficial effects in treatment‐resistant patients with MDD or BD. Accumulating evidence suggests that the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine produces rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in treatment‐resistant patients with MDD or BD. Ketamine is a racemic mixture comprising equal parts of (R)‐ketamine (or arketamine) and (S)‐ketamine (or esketamine). Because (S)‐ketamine has higher affinity for NMDAR than (R)‐ketamine, esketamine was developed as an antidepressant. On 5 March 2019, esketamine nasal spray was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. However, preclinical data suggest that (R)‐ketamine exerts greater potency and longer‐lasting antidepressant effects than (S)‐ketamine in animal models of depression and that (R)‐ketamine has less detrimental side‐effects than (R,S)‐ketamine or (S)‐ketamine. In this article, the author reviews the historical overview of the antidepressant actions of enantiomers of ketamine and its major metabolites norketamine and hydroxynorketamine. Furthermore, the author discusses the other potential rapid‐acting antidepressant candidates (i.e., NMDAR antagonists and modulators, low‐voltage‐sensitive T‐type calcium channel inhibitor, potassium channel Kir4.1 inhibitor, negative modulators of γ‐aminobutyric acid, and type A [GABAA] receptors) to compare them with ketamine. Moreover, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ketamine’s antidepressant effects are discussed.
Tibialis anterior muscle herniation in adolescents: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Clinite Kimberly L. , Wyble Angela , Sugarman Jeffrey L.
Published: June 2019

Anterior tibialis muscle herniation is an important diagnostic consideration in children and adolescents presenting with lower extremity subcutaneous nodules. We report four cases of teenagers presenting with asymptomatic nodules in the lower extremities and discuss diagnostic features and treatment recommendations.
Barriers to access in pediatric living‐donor liver transplantation
Authors: Mogul Douglas B. , Lee Joy , Purnell Tanjala S. , Massie Allan B. , Ishaque Tanveen , Segev Dorry L. , Bridges John F. P.
Published: June 2019

Children receiving a LDLT have superior post‐transplant outcomes, but this procedure is only used for 10% of transplant recipients. Better understanding about barriers toward LDLT and the sociodemographic characteristics that influence these underlying mechanisms would help to inform strategies to increase its use. We conducted an online, anonymous survey of parents/caregivers for children awaiting, or have received, a liver transplant regarding their knowledge and attitudes about LDLT. The survey was completed by 217 respondents. While 97% of respondents understood an individual could donate a portion of their liver, only 72% knew the steps in evaluation, and 69% understood the donor surgery was covered by the recipient's insurance. Individuals with public insurance were less likely than those with private insurance to know the steps for LDLT evaluation (44% vs 82%; P < 0.001). Respondents with public insurance were less likely to know someone that had been a living donor (44% vs 56%; P = 0.005) as were individuals without a college degree (64% vs 85%; P = 0.007). Nearly all respondents generally trusted their healthcare team. Among respondents, 82% believed they were well‐informed about LDLT but individuals with public insurance were significantly less likely to feel well‐informed (67% vs 87%; P = 0.03) and to understand how donor surgery might impact donor work/time off (44% vs 81%; P = 0.001). Substantial gaps exist in parental understanding about LDLT, including its evaluation, potential benefits, and complications. Greater emphasis on addressing these barriers, especially to individuals with fewer resources, will be helpful to expand the use of LDLT.
A fungal ball within a maxillary sinus with dental root canal filler and rare fungal propagules
Authors: Kimura Masatomo , Enomoto Akifumi , Maenishi Osamu , Chikugo Takaaki , Sugita Takashi
Published: June 2019

A fungal ball of a maxillary sinus sometimes includes dental treatment‐related foreign material because the sinus is close to the root of the upper teeth. We present a case of right maxillary sinus fungal ball with a gutta‐percha point, a dental root canal filler. X‐ray analysis of the foreign material in the paraffin section of the fungal ball successfully detected zinc, sulfur, and barium, all of which were constituents of the gutta‐percha point. The gutta‐percha point might have facilitated the formation of the fungal ball through disruption of the sinus‐clearing mechanism. Another interesting histological feature of the fungal ball was the finding of calcium oxalate crystals and non‐hyphal fungal elements such as cleistothecia, Hülle cells, and conidial heads. This is the first report of such a combination being found in a specimen of human fungal disease. Although fungal culture was not available in the present case, molecular analysis of the formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue of the fungal ball succeeded in revealing only DNA sequences of Aspergillus nidulans and some other environmental Aspergillus spp.
A fulminant case of classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A diagnostic dilemma of Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive large B‐cell neoplasms
Authors: Ichimata Shojiro , Kobayashi Mikiko , Ohya Maki , Otsuki Toshiaki , Yanagisawa Katsuya , Tateishi Kazunari , Kato Akane , Matsuo Akemi , Kanno Hiroyuki
Published: June 2019

We report a fulminant case of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). The patient died only approximately 2 months after the onset of subjective symptoms. Autopsy specimens revealed atypical cells resembling Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg (HRS) cells in a rich inflammatory background in various organs. There were marked, characteristic angiodestructive lesions from infiltrating HRS‐like cells and numerous macrophages. The HRS‐like cells were infected with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), immunohistochemically positive for PAX5 and CD30, and negative for CD3, CD20, and ALK. Most B‐cell markers other than PAX5 were negative, and the HRS‐like cells also expressed cytotoxic molecules. Monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain was detected by PCR analysis. According to the 2016 WHO classification, we diagnosed mixed cellularity CHL. However, EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified and EBV‐positive B‐cell lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between DLBCL and CHL were considered as differential diagnoses because both tumors are aggressive EBV‐positive large B‐cell neoplasms with reactive inflammatory cells and sometimes contains HRS‐like cells. The clinical condition of the current case was closer to these two entities than to CHL. A diagnosis of EBV‐positive large B‐cell neoplasms was difficult because of overlapping morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics, but should be considered for prognosis.
Topic Modeling and Text Analysis for Qualitative Policy Research
Authors: Isoaho Karoliina , Gritsenko Daria , Mäkelä Eetu
Published: June 2019

This paper contributes to a critical methodological discussion that has direct ramifications for policy studies: how computational methods can be concretely incorporated into existing processes of textual analysis and interpretation without compromising scientific integrity. We focus on the computational method of topic modeling and investigate how it interacts with two larger families of qualitative methods: content and classification methods characterized by interest in words as communication units and discourse and representation methods characterized by interest in the meaning of communicative acts. Based on analysis of recent academic publications that have used topic modeling for textual analysis, our findings show that different mixed‐method research designs are appropriate when combining topic modeling with the two groups of methods. Our main concluding argument is that topic modeling enables scholars to apply policy theories and concepts to much larger sets of data. That said, the use of computational methods requires genuine understanding of these techniques to obtain substantially meaningful results. We encourage policy scholars to reflect carefully on methodological issues, and offer a simple heuristic to help identify and address critical points when designing a study using topic modeling.
Who Are Your Neighbors? The Role of Ideology and Decline of Geographic Proximity in the Diffusion of Policy Innovations
Authors: Mallinson Daniel J.
Published: June 2019

States adopt policy innovations within the confines of a dynamic American federal system, but our study of policy diffusion tends to be fairly static. Single‐policy studies incorporate temporal variation, but for only one innovation. Macro‐level analyses examine broad patterns, but often by completely pooling across policy and time. This makes it difficult to identify how diffusion patterns change over time, though Walker's early work explicitly identified such temporal instability. This study specifically examines how neighbor and ideological cues change in importance over time using a dataset of 556 policies adopted from 1960 to 2014. While the findings demonstrate the generality of many key internal, external, and policy‐level determinants of adoption, there is variation in these effects across time. Most important is the relative stability of ideological similarity between adopters and declining influence of contiguous neighbors. Further, political polarization plays a role in conditioning neighbor and ideological cues.
Peering deeper into asthmatic lungs
Authors: Veerati Punnam C. , Grainge Chris
Published: June 2019

See related Article
Recent Changes in British Wage Inequality: Evidence from Large Firms and Occupations
Authors: Schaefer Daniel , Singleton Carl
Published: June 2019

Using a linked employer–employee dataset covering large firms, we present new evidence on British wage inequality trends over the past two decades. Differences between firms in the average wages they paid did not drive these trends. Between 1996 and 2005, greater wage variance within firms accounted for 86% of the total increase in wage variance among employees. In the following decade, wage inequality between firms continued to increase, whereas overall wage dispersion decreased. Approximately all the contribution to inequality dynamics from estimated firm‐specific factors, throughout the employee wage distribution, disappears after accounting for the changing occupational content of wages.
Ecthyma gangrenosum in a 3‐year‐old boy post‐heart transplantation
Authors: Fukui Kana Okazaki , Shoji Kensuke , Nagai Yusa , Shindo Takahiro , Hikosaka Makoto , Kuwahara Kosuke , Ishiguro Akira , Miyairi Isao
Published: June 2019

Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) is a serious bacterial infection in immunocompromised patients. EG in transplant recipients is rarely reported and may go unrecognized, which may delay initiation of appropriate treatment. We report a case of EG in a pediatric heart transplant recipient who was treated successfully with antibiotics and surgical debridement.
Two consecutive Wolbachia‐mediated mitochondrial introgressions obscure taxonomy in Palearctic swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)
Authors: Gaunet Aurélien , Dincă Vlad , Dapporto Leonardo , Montagud Sergio , Vodă Raluca , Schär Sämi , Badiane Arnaud , Font Enrique , Vila Roger
Published: June 2019

Swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) are among the most spectacular and well‐known Lepidoptera in the European fauna, but their systematics is not fully elucidated. A notable case is that of Iphiclides feisthamelii which, after more than 180 years since description, still has a debated status, being often considered as a subspecies of Iphiclides podalirius. To elucidate the relationship between the two taxa and the evolutionary processes that led to their separation, we combine mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA) data, Wolbachia screening, genitalia morphology and wing UV reflectance. Our results show that the two taxa clearly differ in male and female genital morphology, male wing UV reflectance and nDNA. Two Wolbachia strains were found to widely infect the studied samples, apparently explaining the phylogeographic pattern displayed by mtDNA. The available data point towards a historical Wolbachia infection that spread from I. podalirius to I. feisthamelii and produced a mitochondrial introgression. Currently, a new Wolbachia strain is spreading across mainland populations of I. podalirius, mediating once more a mitochondrial genetic sweep, which has already infected and introgressed I. feisthamelii populations in south‐eastern France. We conclude that, given the marked differences in morphology and nDNA between the two taxa, and the apparent restriction of hybridization to a narrow contact area where non‐hybrid specimens are common, the taxon feisthamelii should be considered as a separate species. Within this species, two well‐differentiated nDNA lineages that represent European and Maghrebian populations are documented, here proposed as subspecies. The case of, presumably, two consecutive Wolbachia‐mediated mitochondrial introgression events, further supports the view that infection by this endosymbiont may be frequently related to mito‐nuclear discordance in insects.
Relict distribution of Microhyla (Amphibia: Microhylidae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago: High diversity in East Asia maintained by insularization
Authors: Tominaga Atsushi , Matsui Masafumi , Shimoji Naoko , Khonsue Wichase , Wu Chi‐Shiun , Toda Mamoru , Eto Koshiro , Nishikawa Kanto , Ota Hidetoshi
Published: June 2019

The Ryukyu Archipelago, located at the southwestern part of Japan, is known as a group of continental islands and harbours many endemic taxa, supposedly reflecting its fairly long isolation from the Eurasian continent, Taiwan and the Japanese main islands. Microhyla okinavensis has been known as an endemic member of the terrestrial fauna of this archipelago. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using samples from nearly all island populations of the species and representative samples of other east Asian congeneric species revealed that M. okinavensis consists of four distinct subclades, of which the Amami, Okinawa and Miyako subclades, though exhibiting distinct genetic differentiations from each other, formed a monophyletic group (clade A). The remaining Yaeyama subclade was exclusively sister to M. mixtura from inland China, forming another monophyletic group (clade B), rendering M. okinavensis in the current definition paraphyletic. These results, as well as estimated dates of divergence from related taxa, indicate that M. okinavensis actually includes more than one distinct species. The results indicate that M. okinavensis and M. mixtura are relict species with disjunct distributions which had been most probably caused by invasion of M. fissipes in intervening areas.
Mites in dried figs of Turkey: diversity, species composition and density
Authors: Dizlek Hulya , Karagoz Mehmet , Faraji Farid , Cakmak Ibrahim
Published: June 2019

This study was conducted to determine mite species in dried figs in Aydin, Turkey between August 2014 and November 2016. A total of 141 dried fig samples were taken from producers’ storage, commercial storages and fig processing factories in Buharkent, Germencik, Incirliova, Kocarli, Kosk, Kuyucak, Merkez, Nazilli, Sultanhisar and Yenipazar districts. In addition, 24 dried fig samples were kept in storage for 8 months and the changes in mite species composition and their densities in stored figs were determined. As a result, 8 mite species belonging to 3 orders and 5 families were identified from the dried figs. Acarus siro L., Carpoglyphus lactis (L.), Glycyphagus destructor (Schrank), G. domesticus (De Geer) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) as pest species, and Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese), B. mali (Oudemans) and Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) as predatory mite species were found. Out of 141 samples, 133 were infested with mites and the infestation ratio was 94.3%. Tyrophagus putrescentiae was the most common pest species with an infestation rate of 72.3%, followed by C. lactis with 34.8%, A. siro, G. destructor and G. domesticus with 0.7% contamination, respectively. Carpoglyphus lactis was found to have the highest density with 10,488 individuals/kg in contaminated fig samples. Blattisocius tarsalis was the most common predatory mite species with an infestation rate of 77.3%. Blattisocius mali and C. eruditus were found in 9.2% and 4.3% of dried figs, respectively. This study showed that the dried fig samples kept in storage were always vulnerable to contamination with mites. Mite species composition and their densities also fluctuated over time.
Enhancing ambient noise correlation processing using vector sensors
Authors: Nichols Brendan , Martin James , Verlinden Christopher , Sabra Karim G.
Published: June 2019

Ambient noise cross-correlations between separated sensors can yield estimates of the Green's function between them. Vector sensors (which record both pressure and acoustic velocity vector components) can leverage their directionality to reject ambient noise sources that do not contribute to the emergence of the Green's function, thus improving performance over standard omnidirectional hydrophones. To quantify this performance gain, a time-domain analytical expression for the correlation between each component of a vector sensor in the presence of an isotropic ambient noise field is derived. Improvement of the velocity channel correlations relative to pressure channel correlations is examined for varying bandwidth, sensor separation distance, and additive channel noise levels. Last, the experimentally measured reduction in variance for the velocity channels correlations vs pressure correlations, using drifting vector sensors deployed in the Long Island Sound, were found to be comparable to the theoretical prediction. Overall, both theoretical and experimental results indicate modest gains are obtained when extracting the Green's function from velocity correlations over using pressure correlations. Thus, vector sensors can be used to reduce the required averaging time for this noise correlation processing, which may be especially useful, for instance, in a fluctuating environment or for drifting sensors.
Prediction of effective properties and sound absorption of random close packings of monodisperse spherical particles: Multiscale approach
Authors: Viet Dung Vu , Panneton Raymond , Gagné Richard
Published: June 2019

The transport and sound absorption properties of random close packings of monodisperse spherical particles are explored following a multiscale approach. First, the discrete element method is used to simulate the free fall of the monodisperse particles in a bounded domain to create virtual samples that are representative of real samples. Different particle diameters ranging from 1 to 16 mm are studied. From the virtual samples, representative volume elements (RVEs) are defined. Local partial differential equations governing the transport properties are numerically solved on the RVEs. From the discretized RVEs and the numerical solutions, eight transport properties (porosity, tortuosity, and viscous and thermal static tortuosities, permeabilities, and characteristic lengths) are derived. Micro-macro relationships between these properties and the particle diameter are developed. They are validated against experimental measurements of the open porosity and sound absorption coefficients. The relationships are used to analyze the salient sound absorption features of such media, notably the resonant sound absorption behavior. Expressions allowing identification of the optimal particle diameter for a given thickness, or conversely, the optimal thickness for a given particle diameter, for achieving 100% absorption at the first resonant absorption are derived.
Effortless creation of safe robots from modules through self-programming and self-verification
Authors: Althoff M. , Giusti A. , Liu S. B. , Pereira A.
Published: June 2019

Industrial robots are created from modules and safely operated through self-programming and self-verification.
A Mucin 16 bispecific T cell–engaging antibody for the treatment of ovarian cancer
Authors: Crawford Alison , Haber Lauric , Kelly Marcus P. , Vazzana Kristin , Canova Lauren , Ram Priyanka , Pawashe Arpita , Finney Jennifer , Jalal Sumreen , Chiu Danica , Colleton Curtis A. , Garnova Elena , Makonnen Sosina , Hickey Carlos , Krueger Pamela , DelFino Frank , Potocky Terra , Kuhnert Jessica , Godin Stephen , Retter Marc W. , Duramad Paurene , MacDonald Douglas , Olson William C. , Fairhurst Jeanette , Huang Tammy , Martin Joel , Lin John C. , Smith Eric , Thurston Gavin , Kirshner Jessica R.
Published: June 2019

A CD3 bispecific antibody targeting Mucin 16 shows preclinical efficacy in mouse tumor models and a tolerable safety profile in nonhuman primates.
Disruption of Membrane Integrity by the Bacterium-Derived Antifungal Jagaricin
Authors: Fischer Daniel , Gessner Guido , Fill Taicia Pacheco , Barnett Robert , Tron Kyrylo , Dornblut Katharina , Kloss Florian , Stallforth Pierre , Hube Bernhard , Heinemann Stefan H. , Hertweck Christian , Scherlach Kirstin , Brunke Sascha
Published: June 2019

Jagaricin is a lipopeptide produced by the bacterial mushroom pathogen
Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum
, the causative agent of mushroom soft rot disease. Apart from causing lesions in mushrooms, jagaricin is a potent antifungal active against human-pathogenic fungi. We show that jagaricin acts by impairing membrane integrity, resulting in a rapid flux of ions, including Ca
2+
, into susceptible target cells.
Penicillin-Binding Protein Typing, Antibiotic Resistance Gene Identification, and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Meropenem-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A-CC3111 Strains in Japan
Authors: Nakano Satoshi , Fujisawa Takao , Ito Yutaka , Chang Bin , Matsumura Yasufumi , Yamamoto Masaki , Suga Shigeru , Ohnishi Makoto , Nagao Miki
Published: June 2019

Since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, the prevalence of non-meropenem-susceptible pneumococci has been increasing in Japan. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that multidrug-resistant serotype 15A-ST63 in Japan has a specific
pbp1a
sequence (
pbp1a
-13) that could promote meropenem resistance. To trace the origin of
pbp1a
, we analyzed isolates of serotype 19A-CC3111, which is the most prevalent non-meropenem-susceptible clone in Japan.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis SB-14, an Antimicrobially Active Isolate from Namibian Social Spiders (
Stegodyphus dumicola
)
Authors: Nielsen Stine Sofie Frank , Weiss Simone , Nazipi Seven , Marshall Ian P. G. , Bilde Trine , Schramm Andreas
Published: June 2019

We present the high-quality draft genome sequence of
Bacillus subtilis
SB-14, isolated from the Namibian social spider
Stegodyphus dumicola
. In accordance with its antimicrobial activity, both known and potentially novel antimicrobial biosynthetic gene clusters were identified in the genome of SB-14.
Complete Whole-Genome Sequence of Haemophilus haemolyticus NCTC 10839
Authors: Fazal Mohammed-Abbas , Alexander Sarah , Grayson Nicholas E. , Deheer-Graham Ana , Oliver Karen , Holroyd Nancy , Parkhill Julian , Russell Julie E.
Published: June 2019

Haemophilus haemolyticus
is a Gram-negative bacterium that is a commensal of the respiratory tract in humans. Here, we report the complete genome sequence available for
Haemophilus haemolyticus
strain NCTC 10839, which was originally isolated from the nasopharynx of a child.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus acidophilus PNW3, Isolated from Weaned Piglets of the Indigenous South African Windsnyer Pig Breed
Authors: Alayande Kazeem A. , Aiyegoro Olayinka A. , Ateba Collins N.
Published: June 2019

A draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
PNW3 is reported. The genome assembly is 1,857,655 bp long in 25 contigs with an
N
50
value of 230,557 bp and a G+C content of 34.6%. The total number of predicted protein-coding genes is 1,776, with 58 predicted RNAs and 42 predicted pseudogenes.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Rhodococcus
sp. Strain ATCC 49988, a Quinoline-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Skinner Kelly A. , Summers Zarath M. , Edirisinghe Janaka N. , Faria José P. , Marshall Christopher W. , Sharma Anukriti , Gottel Neil R. , Gilbert Jack A. , Henry Christopher S. , O’Loughlin Edward J.
Published: June 2019

We report here the 4.9-Mb genome sequence of a quinoline-degrading bacterium,
Rhodococcus
sp. strain ATCC 49988. The draft genome data will enable the identification of genes and future genetic modification to enhance traits relevant to heteroaromatic compound degradation.
Remarkable Features of Mitochondrial DNA of Acanthamoeba polyphaga Linc Ap-1, Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Karlyshev Andrey V.
Published: June 2019

Whole-genome sequencing of
Acanthamoeba polyphaga
Linc Ap-1 resulted in a draft assembly of the chromosomal DNA and a complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Despite very high sequence similarity with the mtDNA of
Acanthamoeba castellanii
Neff, in contrast to
Acanthamoeba polyphaga
Linc Ap-1, the determined DNA sequence revealed a complete absence of introns.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens LBUM677
Authors: Novinscak Amy , Joly David L. , Filion Martin
Published: June 2019

Pseudomonas fluorescens
LBUM677 has shown the ability to increase plant biomass and seed oil yield in soybean, canola, and
Buglossoides arvensis
(corn gromwell) when inoculated in the rhizosphere. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of
P. fluorescens
LBUM677, with an estimated size of 6.14 Mb.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Alteromonas
sp. Strain RKMC-009, Isolated from
Xestospongia muta
via
In Situ
Culturing Using an Isolation Chip Diffusion Chamber
Authors: MacIntyre Logan W. , Haltli Bradley A. , Kerr Russell G.
Published: June 2019

We report the draft whole-genome sequence of
Alteromonas
sp. strain RKMC-009, which was isolated
in situ
from the sponge
Xestospongia muta
in San Salvador, The Bahamas, using an isolation chip (ichip). Automated biosynthetic gene cluster analysis using antiSMASH 4.0 predicted the presence of 22 biosynthetic gene clusters.
Draft Genome Sequence of Candida auris Strain LOM, a Human Clinical Isolate from Greater Metropolitan Houston, Texas
Authors: Long S. Wesley , Olsen Randall J. , Nguyen Hoang A. T. , Ojeda Saavedra Matthew , Musser James M.
Published: June 2019

Candida auris
is an emerging pathogen of considerable public health importance. We present the draft genome sequence of a strain recently cultured from the urine of a patient hospitalized in the greater Houston metropolitan region. Two combined Oxford Nanopore sequencing runs provided sufficient data to rapidly generate a draft genome.
Genome Sequence for Candida albicans Clinical Oral Isolate 529L
Authors: Cuomo Christina A. , Fanning Saranna , Gujja Sharvari , Zeng Qiandong , Naglik Julian R. , Filler Scott G. , Mitchell Aaron P.
Published: June 2019

The diploid heterozygous yeast
Candida albicans
is the most common cause of fungal infection. Here, we report the genome sequence assembly of the clinical oral isolate 529L. As this isolate grows as a commensal, this genome will serve as a reference for experimental and genetic studies of mucosal colonization.
Complete Genome Sequence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Myophage Milano
Authors: Nittolo Toni , Ravindran Aravind , Gonzalez Carlos F. , Ramsey Jolene
Published: June 2019

Agrobacterium tumefaciens
C58 is a tumor-causing pathogen targeting plants and is ubiquitously found in soil. Here, the complete genome sequence of Milano, a myophage infecting
A. tumefaciens
C58, is presented. Milano encodes 127 proteins, of which 45 can be assigned a predicted function, and it is most similar to the flagellotropic
Agrobacterium
phage 7-7-1.
Modulation of seismic activity in Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone (Hawaiʻi) by summit pressurization
Authors: Wauthier Christelle , Roman Diana C. , Poland Michael P.
Published: June 2019

Kīlauea Volcano (Hawaiʻi, USA) is underlain by a complex, laterally extensive magmatic plumbing system. Although in recent decades it has mainly erupted through vents along the middle East Rift Zone and summit caldera, eruptions can occur anywhere along its laterally extensive rift zones, as demonstrated by the dramatic eruptive activity of 2018. Forecasting eruptive activity requires an understanding of whether an episode of volcano-seismic unrest at Kīlauea and similar volcanoes is caused directly at the edges of an active intrusion or reservoir, or in a volume of wall rock at a distance from the intrusion. Seismic unrest in Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone (UERZ) has to date been interpreted as the result either of magma intrusion in this region of the volcano or of stresses due to seaward flank migration. However, recent observations suggest that UERZ seismicity may result from variable pressurization of Kīlauea’s summit magma system. We analyze seismic and deformation (multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar [InSAR] and GPS) data during a period of variable summit deformation and UERZ seismicity in mid- to late 2007 and calculate Coulomb stress changes on UERZ faults due to modeled summit inflation or deflation. UERZ seismicity during our study period can be explained entirely by stresses arising from pressure changes within Kīlauea’s summit reservoirs. Furthermore, a comparison of UERZ fault plane solutions (FPSs) calculated for this study to published UERZ FPSs for previous periods suggests that the UERZ has undergone a transition from a mechanically strong, discontinuous, and immature magma transport system to a mature, mechanically weak, and fully connected transport system over the course of the 1983–2018 eruption.
P010 Influencing change: impactful communication – paediatric diabetes prescriptions
Authors: Barbour Emma
Published: June 2019

Aim

The paediatric wards in two hospital sites within one Trust deal with the supply of newly diagnosed diabetic prescriptions differently and the aim of this project was to have uniformity throughout the Trust with regards the supply of these discharge items, with both hospital pharmacy sites supplying the discharge items. Having completed the Pharmacy Management Clinical Leadership in Pharmacy (CLIP) program I wanted to use new skills learned throughout CLIP to be able to lead on influencing a change of practice on one hospital site and have uniformity across the Trust. I wanted to be able to persuade one site to change their practice of over 20 years and start getting the items dispensed through the hospital pharmacy.

Methods

Using the GROW model I ensured I was clear on what my plan was and that my goals were SMARTER. I had to deal with a number of different professionals and was prepared for some conflict as was expecting resistance to change. I met with the key stakeholders with regards the change. I communicated with medical staff, nursing staff and dispensary manager in the relevant hospital, and used the Colours Model1 to help me with this. The Colours Model is a simple and effective way to analyse our own communication preference and also to understand the preference of others. Knowing this I was then able to flex my communication style accordingly to engage with all parties more effectively. I identified what ‘colour’ I classed each group as and used different styles of communication for each. I also reviewed the records of newly diagnosed diabetic patients discharged from the paediatric ward over a period of one year to determine what discharge letter was given to the patient, and what detail was on it.

Results

Of the patients discharged in 2017, only 44% had a discharge on the relevant electronic system with pharmacy items on it, with just one having all required items. I communicated the following way with the different staff, once I had identified their ‘colour’. Medical staff (GREEN - Amiables, who are task focused and have indirect style). I focused on whole team and explained the benefit for change across interface. Nursing staff (RED - Drivers, who are task focused and have a direct style). I got straight to the point, explained reasons and results. Dispensary manager (BLUE - Analyticals, who are task focused and have an indirect style). I emailed in advance. Got to the point and gave exact details.

Conclusion

All Staff agreed to the change in process in the paediatric ward. All discharges for newly diagnosed diabetic children on both sites will be electronically written and dispensed within the hospital pharmacy. The outcome for patient care is a more seamless transition of care between interface. By undertaking the CLIP programme I acquired a number of important skills to enable me to successfully lead this change. I made my voice heard and led with impactful communication.

Reference

CLIP workbook Leading with Impactful Communication Chapter 5 The Colours ModelJanuary 2018.
P012 Preliminary experience of the use of oral posaconazole and terbinafine to treat lomentospora prolificans and scedosporium apiospermum in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bentley Sian , Balfour-Lynn IM , Carr SB
Published: June 2019

Background

Itraconazole and voriconazole are the drugs of choice for Lomentospora prolificans and Scedosporium apiospermum. Posaconazole, is often substituted when there is intolerance or lack of efficacy to first line agents. Terbinafine, an allylamine antifungal, is recommended with an azole for the treatment of L.prolificans, though there is no published use of this combination in children with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Aim

To evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of this regimen in CF children.

Methods

Retrospective case note review of CF children receiving terbinafine and posaconazole, from Nov 2015 to Nov 2016. Children were identified from pharmacy records and clinical data collected from case notes and laboratory records.

Results

There were 4 children (all girls), median age 15 years (range 10–16), with a median FEV1% predicted of 70.5% (range 55–88%). 2 children chronically isolated L.prolificans, 2 isolated S.apiospermum. 3 also had CF related diabetes and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 1 child received treatment for 6 weeks. 3 children are taking long- term treatment (median 50 weeks; range 35–59). 2 children improved FEV1% predicted with treatment by 14% and 15%; one was stable. Importantly the trend graphs for lung function in these 3 children appear to stabilise post initiation of treatment. One child did not improve her lung function but also had recurrent MRSA infections and significant nutritional complications. No adverse effects from the combination were reported. Posaconazole levels were therapeutic (>1 mg/l) in all children (range 1.22–3.85 mg/l). Terbinafine levels were not measured.

Conclusion

In this small case series, combination treatment with posaconazole and terbinafine was well tolerated and a positive clinical effect on lung function was evident. This is the first report on the use of this regimen for this indication in CF children and we will continue to use it, whilst gathering safety and efficacy data.