bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Sustainable Asphalt Binders Modified with Styrene–Isoprene–Styrene (SIS) and Processed Oil
Authors: Hemmati Navid , Yun Jihyeon , Mazumder Mithil , Lee Moon-Sup , Lee Soon-Jae
Published: June 2023

The current study aims to evaluate the viscosity and rheological properties of PG 64-22 modified with Styrene–Isoprene–Styrene (SIS) and Processed Oil (PO) to enhance asphalt binder properties. Performance properties were measured at high, intermediate, and low temperatures. PG 64-22 was blended with SIS and Processed Oil at three levels (5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of binder) and two concentrations (6% and 12% by weight of binder), respectively. Modified binders underwent two short and long artificial aging processes, through the spinning of the thin film in an RTFO oven and a pressure aging vessel (PAV). The Superpave binder evaluations were carried out using a rotational viscometer (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and bending beam rheometer (BBR). According to the findings of the research, the addition of SIS caused higher values of viscosity, but when co-modified with processed oil, there was a substantial decrease in viscosity values. As a result, workability was improved. (1) It was observed that a greater reduction in viscosity was achieved when the processed oil was present at a higher concentration at 135 °C compared to a lower concentration. (2) The study showed that the incorporation of processed oil led to a reduction in rutting performance of the asphalt binder. However, the addition of SIS resulted in a notable enhancement of rutting resistance. (3) The role of processed oil as co-modifier at concentrations of 6% and 12% caused significant decreases in G*sin δ, based on the susceptibility of asphalt molecules to accept oil molecules in their network links. (4) The extracted measurements from the BBR tests indicated that modification with SIS and PO improved the low-temperature cracking resistance significantly. Comparison of asphalt binders modified with 6% and 12% PO and the same SIS content showed significant changes in modification with 12% PO rather than 6%.
Temperature-Dependent Shape-Memory Textiles: Physical Principles and Applications
Authors: Ornaghi Heitor Luiz , Bianchi Otávio
Published: June 2023

Textiles have been pivotal to economies and social relationships throughout history. In today’s world, there is an unprecedented demand for smart materials. The advent of smart textile fabrics, crafted from high-quality, high-performance fibers, has enabled the incorporation of specific functions into clothing and apparel brands. Notably, the rise of smart fabrics is evident in astronaut suits designed to regulate temperature and control muscle vibrations. Moreover, the scope of these products has expanded beyond everyday wear, encompassing fields such as medicine and healthcare, ecology/environmental protection, and military and aerospace. This review explores the recent advancements and challenges associated with intelligent fabrics, particularly temperature-dependent shape-memory metamaterials. The potential for innovative smart textile materials to enhance traditional fabrics’ overall functionality and utility is immense, especially in domains such as medical devices, fashion, entertainment, and defense. Crucially, ensuring user comfort is a primary consideration in these applications for promoting the widespread adoption of wearable devices. Developing smart textile devices necessitates a multidisciplinary approach that combines circuit design expertise, knowledge of smart materials, proficiency in microelectronics, and a deep understanding of chemistry and textile production. The synergy across these diverse fields is vital to unlocking the full potential of smart fabrics and enabling their broad implementation. By embracing this comprehensive approach, we can pave the way for groundbreaking advances in smart textile technology, driving innovation and progress in the field.
The Benign Clone Causing Aplastic Anaemia
Authors: McCann Shaun R. , Piccin Andrea
Published: June 2023

Severe Aplastic Anaemia (SAA) is a rare benign disease but carries a high-mortality rate unless treated in a specialised centre. Overwhelming laboratory and clinical evidence points to an autoimmune pathogenesis; although, the aetiology remains obscure in the majority of cases. The differential diagnosis in older patients is problematical and a diagnosis of hypoplastic myelodysplasia remains difficult. This review points out the difficulty in diagnosis without a specific test. Future research needs to define a specific diagnostic test and refine therapeutic interventions.
Unveiling the Hidden Dangers of Plasticizers: A Call for Immediate Action
Authors: Huang Po-Chin , Chou Wei-Chun
Published: June 2023

Over the last several decades, plasticizers have seamlessly integrated themselves into our daily routines, permeating a vast array of commonly encountered products such as food containers, toys, medicines, building materials, electronic devices, cosmetics, perfumes, and personal care items [...]
Detection of Zika Virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes Collected in Urban Forest Fragments in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Gomes Erika Oliveira , Sacchetto Lívia , Teixeira Maurício , Chaves Bárbara Aparecida , Hendy Adam , Mendonça Claudia , Guimarães Izabele , Linhares Ramon , Brito Daniela , Valério Danielle , Cordeiro Jady Shayenne Mota , Neto Alexandre Vilhena Silva , Sampaio Vanderson Souza , Scarpassa Vera Margarete , Buenemann Michaela , Vasilakis Nikos , Baia-da-Silva Djane Clarys , Nogueira Maurício Lacerda , Mourão Maria Paula Gomes , Lacerda Marcus Vinícius Guimarães
Published: June 2023

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an RNA flavivirus (Flaviviridae family) endemic in tropical and subtropical regions that is transmitted to humans by Aedes (Stegomyia) species mosquitoes. The two main urban vectors of ZIKV are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which can be found throughout Brazil. This study investigated ZIKV infection in mosquito species sampled from urban forest fragments in Manaus (Brazilian Amazon). A total of 905 non-engorged female Ae. aegypti (22 specimens) and Ae. albopictus (883 specimens) were collected using BG-Sentinel traps, entomological hand nets, and Prokopack aspirators during the rainy and dry seasons between 2018 and 2021. All pools were macerated and used to inoculate C6/36 culture cells. Overall, 3/20 (15%) Ae. aegypti and 5/241 (2%) Ae. albopictus pools screened using RT-qPCR were positive for ZIKV. No supernatants from Ae. aegypti were positive for ZIKV (0%), and 15 out of 241 (6.2%) Ae. albopictus pools were positive. In this study, we provide the first-ever evidence of Ae. albopictus naturally infected with ZIKV in the Amazon region.
Comparison of the Biological Basis for Non-HIV Transmission to HIV-Exposed Seronegative Individuals, Disease Non-Progression in HIV Long-Term Non-Progressors and Elite Controllers
Authors: Hokello Joseph , Tyagi Priya , Dimri Shelly , Sharma Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar , Tyagi Mudit
Published: June 2023

HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (HESIs) are a small fraction of persons who are multiply exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but do not exhibit serological or clinical evidence of HIV infection. In other words, they are groups of people maintaining an uninfected status for a long time, even after being exposed to HIV several times. The long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), on the other hand, are a group of HIV-infected individuals (approx. 5%) who remain clinically and immunologically stable for an extended number of years without combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Meanwhile, elite controllers are comprise a much lower number (0.5%) of HIV-infected persons who spontaneously and durably control viremia to below levels of detection for at least 12 months, even when using the most sensitive assays, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the absence of cART. Despite the fact that there is no universal agreement regarding the mechanisms by which these groups of individuals are able to control HIV infection and/or disease progression, there is a general consensus that the mechanisms of protection are multifaceted and include genetic, immunological as well as viral factors. In this review, we analyze and compare the biological factors responsible for the control of HIV in these unique groups of individuals.
Advances in Alpha Herpes Viruses Vaccines for Human
Authors: Preda Madalina , Manolescu Loredana Sabina Cornelia , Chivu Razvan Daniel
Published: June 2023

Alpha herpes simplex viruses are an important public health problem affecting all age groups. It can produce from common cold sores and chicken pox to severe conditions like encephalitis or newborn mortality. Although all three subtypes of alpha herpes viruses have a similar structure, the produced pathology differs, and at the same time, the available prevention measures, such as vaccination. While there is an available and efficient vaccine for the varicella-zoster virus, for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, after multiple approaches from trivalent subunit vaccine to next-generation live-attenuated virus vaccines and bioinformatic studies, there is still no vaccine available. Although there are multiple failed approaches in present studies, there are also a few promising attempts; for example, the trivalent vaccine containing herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoproteins C, D, and E (gC2, gD2, gE2) produced in baculovirus was able to protect guinea pigs against vaginal infection and proved to cross-protect against HSV-1. Another promising vaccine is the multivalent DNA vaccine, SL-V20, tested in a mouse model, which lowered the clinical signs of infection and produced efficient viral eradication against vaginal HSV-2. Promising approaches have emerged after the COVID-19 pandemic, and a possible nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine could be the next step. All the approaches until now have not led to a successful vaccine that could be easy to administer and, at the same time, offer antibodies for a long period.
Dissolved Oxygen Prediction Model for the Yangtze River Estuary Basin Using IPSO-LSSVM
Authors: Li Yongguo , Li Xiangyan , Xu Caiyin , Tang Xuan
Published: June 2023

Water ecology has always been key to environmental protection, and the combination of human activities and natural factors has caused eutrophication in the Yangtze estuary and adjacent waters. Among them, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is the key indicator to judge the quality of water. Firstly, using principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the number of parameters affecting dissolved oxygen concentration, the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) prediction model with improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed to be applied to the dissolved oxygen prediction in Shanghai’s Yangtze River basin through the data-driven modeling approach and the regression prediction capability of the neural network. Eight parameters of water temperature (WT), pH, potassium permanganate (KMnO4), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), conductivity (Cond), and nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) are selected as model inputs in the published public data, and the output is the dissolved oxygen concentration. The optimal combination of model parameters is found according to the IPSO algorithm, which effectively overcomes the parameter selection problem of regular support vector machines (SVM). The mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and correlation coefficients of the evaluation indexes of this model (R2) are 0.1702, 0.2221, 0.0267, and 0.9751, respectively. Compared with other similar data driven models, this model has improved model accuracy and stability in predicting DO concentrations in the estuary, and thus it provides technical support for assessing and monitoring offshore water quality.
Using Multiscale Environmental and Spatial Analyses to Understand Natural and Anthropogenic Influence on Fish Communities in Four Canadian Rivers
Authors: Sparks-Jackson Beth L. , Esselman Peter C. , Wilson Chris , Carl Leon M.
Published: June 2023

Science-based conservation of riverine fishes can be best targeted with specific information about spatial-ecological controls on the community, including anthropogenic stressors. Because anthropogenic stressors can originate at multiple spatial scales, we investigated the influence of natural and anthropogenic variables summarized within the reach, valley, and catchment on fish community composition along four river mainstems in Ontario, Canada. We used Redundancy Analyses (RDA) to explore models with multi- and single-scale variables on fish community composition. We used partial RDAs to differentiate the relative effects of variable types in multiscale models and to determine if spatial variables explained additional variation in fish community composition. Catchment variables accounted for the majority of explained variation in fish community composition in three of the four rivers, but instream habitat variables accounted for considerable variability in fish community composition in the two rivers that are highly fragmented by dams or naturally occurring rapids. Natural and human-derived fragmentation in rivers may reduce the influence of catchment controls, disrupt longitudinal gradients, and increase the influence of local instream habitat. Environmental variables that explained fish distribution had longitudinal or patchy spatial pattern within rivers, but spatial variables representing impediments to fish dispersal and proximity to receiving waterbodies failed to explain additional variation in fish community composition.
Modifying Natural Zeolites to Improve Heavy Metal Adsorption
Authors: Kuldeyev Erzhan , Seitzhanova Makpal , Tanirbergenova Sandugash , Tazhu Kairat , Doszhanov Erlan , Mansurov Zulkhair , Azat Seitkhan , Nurlybaev Ruslan , Berndtsson Ronny
Published: June 2023

Problems with increasing heavy metal contents in natural waters are becoming a global issue. At the same time, improved methods for water treatment are becoming increasingly important. In this context, natural zeolites can be used to purify polluted water. In this paper, we investigated how the adsorption capacity of natural zeolites can be improved. Natural zeolites from the Shankanay district, Almaty, Kazakhstan, were used as adsorbent material for experiments on improving the water treatment of heavy metals. We found that the adsorption capacity for heavy metals was increased greatly by thermal activation using furnace treatment. The optimal thermal activation condition was about 550 °C for a duration of 2 h. However, the improved adsorption capacity for different heavy metals varied depending on the heat treatment temperature. Adsorption by the heat-treated zeolites at a temperature of 550 °C was 87% for nickel, 99% for copper and cadmium, and 100% for lead. Adsorption by heat-treated zeolites at a temperature of 500 °C was 78% for nickel, 98% for copper, 83% for cadmium, and 88% for lead. The residual concentration of heavy metals in the filtered water did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations for drinking purposes. In all experiments, intense adsorption took place during the first 10 min representing 35 to 61% of the metal ions in the water. Adsorption properties were verified using adsorption capacity (BET), IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The study shows that modified Shankanay natural zeolites have great potential as a low-cost adsorbent material for purifying water from heavy metals.
Quantity adjustment on the unsecured interbank forint deposit market
Authors: Pollák Zoltán
Published: June 2023

On the unsecured interbank markets, if a bank perceives that a counterparty has an increased default risk, it can respond by raising the interest rate (price adjustment) and reducing the amount of loan available (quantity adjustment). In the interbank deposit market, the most important factor is clearly quantity adjustment rather than price adjustment. For a deeper explanation of the quantity adjustment, we examined the concentration of lending and borrowing in a database covering all interbank transactions between 2012 and 2015. Both the Gini and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices showed that borrowing was more concentrated than lending in terms of both volume and number of transactions. Loans were provided by an average of 10-15 active banks typically to only 5-8 borrowers in the period examined. We tested this observation by using a two-sample z-test to compare expected values and confirmed a significant difference in concentration between the borrowing and lending sides of the interbank market. The more even distribution of the lending transactions can be explained by the fact that structural liquidity surplus was typically experienced in the Hungarian interbank market. The high concentration of the borrowing transactions derives from the partner limits.
Cyber security and artificial intelligence
Authors: Bagó Péter
Published: June 2023

Cyber security is one of the key challenges in the age of information technology, which is particularly important in the financial sector, where security is key both for customers and institutions. Data protection, fighting fraud and preventing cyber attacks are areas in which artificial intelligence and automated systems can provide significant assistance. The use of AI and machine learning for cybersecurity allows systems to be recovered quickly and effectively after a cyber attack. Using AI algorithms, experts can immediately assess damage and respond to cyber incidents with AI. In the paper the support of cyber protection with artificial intelligence is presented in the finance sector. There are major overlaps with infrastructural protection, individual security levels and proper data protection.
Szükség van-e a bankszabályozás újragondolására? A Silicon Valley Bank és a Credit Suisse esetének néhány tanulsága
Authors: Mérő Katalin
Published: June 2023

A cikk azt elemzi, hogy a 2023 márciusában kialakult két bankválságnak, a Silicon Valley Bank és a Credit Suisse csődjének milyen bankszabályozásra vonatkozó tanulságai vannak. A két csőd megkérdőjelezte, hogy a 2008-as válságot követően kialakított szabályozási rendszer képes a bankszektor stabilitásának biztosítására. A szabályozás négy olyan területét elemzi a cikk, amelyek a két eset kapcsán előtérbe kerültek. Ezek: a „túl nagy a csődhöz” elv alkalmazásának kérdése, a tőkeszerkezettel kapcsolatos szabályok, valamint a banki könyvi kamatkockázat és a likviditási kockázat szabályozása. Mind a négy kérdéssel kapcsolatban kimutatható, hogy ha a korábbiakhoz képest újszerű sokkal kell a bankoknak szembesülniük, akkor a jelenleg érvényes szabályok nem kellően biztosítják a bankrendszerek stabilitását és a megfelelő válságkezelést. A pénzügyi stabilitást biztosító bankszabályozásnak nem a jelenlegi szabályok további szigorítására, hanem új szemlélet kialakítására kellene törekednie. Ilyen új szemlélet lehet a tőkeáttétel radikális csökkentése vagy a digitális jegybankpénz bevezetése.
Role of Herbal Medication in Tobacco Cessation Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mitra Ruchi , Rai Arpita , Kumar Ansul , Mitra Jeewan Kumar
Published: June 2023

Background: Literature reports randomized trials have examined herbal drugs and other smoking cessation therapies such as aromatherapy acupuncture but no comprehensive overview of the overall results has been provided. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe the overall effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines. Methods: This study was conducted from December 2020 to April 2021 by searching seven databases. Herbal drugs have been shown to help people quit smoking in randomized controlled studies. Two teams of researchers independently extracted the data. Findings: A total of 12 trials with 762 smokers were included in this study. The heterogeneity I2 was 43.6% with P=0.03 (Cochrane Q test) and χ2=15.77. The overall odds ratio (OR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.91 (0.68- 1.20) which shows a protective factor of herbal preparations and very low heterogeneity. The herbal treatments such as Vernonia cinerea, St. John’s Wort, and lavender essential oil were significantly related to a higher continuous abstinence rate (CAR) compared to the controls with risk ratio (RR): 2.13 (0.57-4.61) at week 8; RR: 2.72 (0.77-5.3) at week 12; and RR: 2.77 (0.37-1.13) at week 24. A 7-day point abstinence rate (PAR) at week 8 was RR: 1.24 (0.81-6.34) with 95% CI; RR: 2.09 (0.93-8.29) at week 12, and RR: 2.11 (0.3-3.08) at week 24. Black pepper and lime were better in craving reduction than the placebo group. This study found no significant difference between the treatment and control groups in adverse effects, despite some minor side effects with herbal drugs. Conclusion: The results of this study showed herbal treatments have the potential to help smokers quit the habit. Further well-designed trials comparing standardized herbal medicines with conventional therapy and placebo are recommended to reinforce this data.
Spirometric Parameters in Waterpipe Smokers, Cigarette Smokers, and Non-smokers of Shahedieh Cohort Study
Authors: Sabet Sobhan , Mirmohammadi Seyyed Jalil , Zare Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad , Vakili Mahmood , Mehrparvar Amir Houshang , Mirzaei Masoud
Published: June 2023

Background: Different kinds of smoking tobacco may affect pulmonary function and reduce some spirometric parameters. This study aimed to assess the relationship between smoking cigarettes and waterpipe and spirometric parameters. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 1543 middle-aged individuals, as a sub-study of the Shahedieh cohort study in Yazd. The participants were randomly selected from the Shahedieh cohort population and were divided into 6 groups according to their smoking habits: non-smokers (n=455), cigarette smokers (n=139), waterpipe smokers (n=287), ex-cigarette smokers (n=131), concurrent waterpipe and cigarette smokers (n=121), and cigarette or waterpipe passive smokers (n=410). Spirometry was performed on all participants and spirometric parameters were compared between different groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS (version 20) using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Findings: FEV1 %, FEV1 /FVC, and PEF25-75% were significantly lower in cigarette smokers, compared to waterpipe smokers and non-smokers. The measures were not significantly lower in waterpipe smokers in comparison to non-smokers. The frequency of obstructive pattern and small airway diseases was significantly higher in cigarette smokers compared to waterpipe smokers and non-smokers. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in the middle-aged population, spirometric parameters related to airway obstruction (FEV1 , FEV1 /FVC, and FEF25-75%) were significantly lower in cigarette smokers than in non-smokers and waterpipe smokers, but these parameters were not significantly different between waterpipe smokers and non-smokers.
The Mediating Roles of Self-compassion and Emotion Regulation in the Relationship among Alexithymia, Gambling Frequency, Risky Decision-Making, and Gambling Severity in Online Gamblers
Authors: Moheban Fatemeh , Davoudi Mohammadreza , Tamrchi Sepideh
Published: June 2023

Background: The research literature about the relationship between alexithymia, risky decision-making, and gambling severity has been contradictory and limited. Besides, there is no study on the mediating roles of self-compassion and emotion regulation in online gambling. Moreover, the role of these mediators in gambling frequency has not been studied. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia, risky decision-making, and gambling frequency by considering the mediating role of self-compassion and emotion regulation in online gamblers. Methods: A total of 319 Iranians who gambled online at least once a week in the past three months were investigated using an online survey including Farsi Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (FTAS-20), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Gambling Disorder Screening Questionnaire-Persian (GDSQ-P). Statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS 26.0 for Windows. The relationships between the variables were analyzed using correlation analysis. In cases where significant relationships were observed, the hypotheses of the regression model were tested. Findings: The mean age of the participants was 24.6±6.06 and 253 participants (73.9%) were male. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between men and women in terms of risky decision-making (P=0.051), gambling severity (P=0.59), and age (P=0.293). Conclusion: Alexithymia had both a direct and indirect relationship with gambling severity through the mediating roles of emotion regulation and self-compassion. Moreover, alexithymia was significantly associated with risky decision-making and gambling frequency, through the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation, both directly and indirectly.
The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model on Promoting Perceived Self-efficacy to Prevent HIV/AIDS Among the High School Students
Authors: Darabi Fatemeh , Maheri Mina , Noroozi Shadmani Mehri
Published: June 2023

Background: Promoting awareness and correcting health beliefs about preventive behaviors in adolescents and young people are the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted to assess the influence of the educational intervention on the promotion of perceived self-efficacy to inhibit HIV/AIDS among high school students. Methods: This quasi-experimental investigation included 230 high school students in Asadabad and was conducted in 2021. Following the selection of students by the multi-stage cluster sampling method, they were allotted into two equal (intervention and control) groups of 115 individuals. The educational program for the intervention group included five one-hour sessions of the students’ social network (Shad), which was implemented by a participatory method based on questions and answers and group discussion, as well as practical performance. A reliable and valid questionnaire comprising three parts (personal attributes, awareness, and health belief model [HBM] constructs) was employed for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using different tests, including Fisher’s exact test, the chi-square test, ANCOVA, and independent and paired sample t tests in SPSS software, version 16. Results: Educational intervention based on HBM not only affected the promotion of awareness (P<0.05), self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits but also reduced students’ perceived barriers to preventive behaviors (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the educational intervention based on HBM affected health belief constructs concerning HIV/AIDS. Thus, the results of this study can be beneficial for school health education and health educators who design disease education programs.
Epidemiological study of lip cancer between 2004 and 2016 in public hospitals of Tehran, Iran: Squamous cell carcinoma as the most common cancer
Authors: Shamloo Nafiseh , Ghannadan Alireza , Safarpour Roohollah
Published: June 2023

Background: The majority of oral cancers, which make up 25% to 30% of all malignancies in the oral area, are lip cancers (LCs). As far as we are aware, there haven’t been any thorough epidemiologic research on LC. This study’s objective is to look at the trend of tumor prevalence across the whole lip area in Iranians between 2004 and 2016 (Tehran, Iran). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study, which examined tumor location, age, gender distribution, histological tumor type, metastasis, clinical diagnosis, and recurrence of the lesion, was carried out on the pathology records of patients admitted to the Department of Pathology at the Cancer Institutes of Imam Khomeini hospital and Tajrish hospital between 2004 and 2016. The data was analyzed using the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Out of a total of 237392 biopsy reports filed with the Department of Pathology, 512 instances (0.21%, 92% malignant, and 8% premalignant) involving 385 (75.2%) males and 127 (24.8%) females were discovered to be lip-related. A statistically significant difference between sex and the site of the lesion was found using the chi-square test (P=0.032). Lower lip and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were the most typical locations and types, respectively. Recurrence and metastasis were noted in 7.8% and 25.84% of cases, respectively, with males more likely than women to experience these outcomes. Moreover, there was a significant (P=0.025) correlation between gender and histological tumor type. Conclusion: The chance of developing LC was greater in men over the age of 54. The most typical location for SCC involvement is the lower lip. We discovered that women had an increased frequency of upper lip lesions. These disparities might be the result of gender-specific professional and behavioral differences. Hence, as possible contributors to the occurrence of LCs, variables including occupational and behavioral variations and public knowledge of sun exposure should be carefully evaluated.
Assessment of dietary pattern and serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): A case-control study
Authors: Pakfetrat Atessa , Dalirsani Zohreh , Nematy Mohsen , Razavi Maryam , Esmaily Habibollah , Pishbin Afrouz , Noferesti Gholam Hossein , Ziaee Negar
Published: June 2023

Background: The importance of dietary pattern and vitamins in the incidence of cancers has been demonstrated in many studies. As there are cultural differences and various dietary patterns in different countries, the results of other studies are not necessarily applicable to our society. This study aimed to evaluate the role of some vitamins and dietary patterns in developing head and neck cancer. Methods: Dietary pattern and serum levels of vitamins in 39 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were compared to 37 healthy individuals. A native questionnaire was used to obtain the dietary pattern. The existence of a significant relationship between serum levels of vitamins and dietary pattern with the risk of HNSCC was assessed. The independent t test, chi-square and exact Fisher’s test were employed for statistical analysis. Results: The mean serum levels of these vitamins in the case group were significantly lower as compared to the control subjects (P<0.005). Two dominant eating patterns were identified, and after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, education, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and place of residence, it was found that people with unhealthy dietary patterns were 6.55 times more likely to develop cancer than people with a healthy diet. Conclusion: Lower serum levels of vitamins C and E are associated with an increased risk of HNSCC. Unhealthy dietary patterns also increase the risk of developing this cancer.
Ethical Care: Nurses’ Experience of Moral Judgment in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Yazdimoghaddam Hamideh , Mohamadzadeh Tabrizi Zohreh , Zardosht Roghayeh
Published: June 2023

Background: Ethical care is concerned with aspects of work that may influence nurses’ ethical behavior. Intensive care units might expose nurses to moral judgment while caring. This qualitative study aimed to explain the nurses’ experience of moral judgment in intensive care units. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis method. The participants of the study included 23 nurses working in the intensive care units (ICU, CCU, NICU) of four hospitals affiliated with Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences who were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The questions asked in the interviews included, "Would you please describe one working day of yours caring in the intensive care units?" and "While caring, did you have to hesitate to make a decision ethically? If yes, would you describe that situation?" The Data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Data collection and analysis led to the identification of 1 theme, 6 categories, and 23 subcategories. The identified theme was "intensified tension and conflict following ethical patient care in the intensive care units" and the categories were "repeated exposure to stress in ethical patient care in the intensive care units", "ethical care originated from the nurses’ beliefs", "moral judgment in care affected by the patient’s clinical condition", "moral judgment as a consequence of clinical judgment", "ethical care based on organizational and legal conditions in the moral environment", and "requirements of ethical care". Conclusion: The nurses in the intensive care units deal with ethical issues and are under a lot of stress. The results of this study can help nursing authorities pay more attention to developing ethical knowledge and ethical considerations in hospitals and provide organizational support to identify the moral tensions of nurses in intensive care units.
Analysis of the Resident Physician Program from Theory to Practice from the Perspective of Service Providers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Malekzadeh Roya , Nabavi Seyedeh Mohadeseh , Naghibi Seyed Abolhassan , Abedi Ghasem
Published: June 2023

Background: To increase the accountability of hospitals and ensure that patients receive appropriate treatment at any time of the day, resident physicians perform the necessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures during non-office hours. This study aimed to analyze the resident physician program from theory to practice. Methods: The present study was a qualitative one. The participants included 27 experts selected from university and hospital managers as well as specialist doctors. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews based on purposive and snowball sampling and the process of data collection continued until data saturation. Then, the interviews were transcribed, meaning units were determined, data were coded, the identified codes were categorized based on similarities and differences, and the themes were identified and finally analyzed and interpreted using the content analysis method. Results: In the present study, 4 main themes, 11 subthemes, and 46 components were identified using framework analysis. The themes related to the goals and outcomes of the program, the accountability of the centers, and the indicators had the same results in theory and practice, and this program improved them. However, regarding financing, monitoring, and implementing the program, as well as payments, there was a wide gap between theory and practice. Conclusion: Considering the opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses of the resident physician program, the results of this study can propose a comprehensive model based on the perception of health managers and experts involved in the implementation of the program. Therefore, it is suggested to consider local conditions and patterns in prioritizing the criteria for fields of study.
“Mãe morta, pai preso”: Crianças e adolescentes em contextos de feminicídio no estado do Paraná
Authors: Placha Sá Priscilla , Amaral Machado Bruno , Da Rosa Mendes Soraia
Published: June 2023

O artigo busca investigar a presença de crianças e adolescentes em contextos de feminicídio íntimo ou doméstico no Estado do Paraná, tal qual compreender o tratamento das sentenças judiciais a estes grupos. Para tanto, a partir de coleta empírica, apresenta dados divididos em dois grupos: (1) qual o perfil de descendentes da vítima, comuns com o autor do feminicídio ou somente da vítima, em contextos de feminicídio, sobretudo quanto à faixa etária e à existência ou não de agravos decorrentes de intervenções na cena do crime; e (2) se a sentença judicial do caso considera ou não, de alguma forma, a presença de descendentes. Os resultados apontam para um tratamento diferencial oferecido pelo sistema de justiça criminal que acarreta consequências distintas para autores de feminicídio, como também produz repertório decisional diverso para situações envolvendo a presença, a intervenção e o agravo envolvendo crianças e adolescentes em contextos de feminicídio.
This article craves to investigate the presence of children and teenagers in contexts of intimate or domestic feminicide on the Paraná state, as well as to understand the treatment of court sentences for these groups. Therefore, based on empirical data, the collected information is divided into two groups: (1) what is the profile of the victim’s descendants – and if they are or aren’t common with the feminicide defendant –, especially regarding the age group and the existence or not of aggravation resulting from interventions at the crime scene; and (2) whether or not the court decision in the case considers, in any way, the presence of descendants. The results point to a differential treatment offered by the criminal justice system that has different consequences for perpetrators of femicide, but also produces a diverse decision-making repertoire for situations involving the presence, intervention and aggravation involving children and teenagers in femicide contexts.
The influence of the application of government accounting standards and local government internal control on the quality of financial reporting information
Authors: Juita Yosi
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of applying government accounting standards on the quality of financial reporting information and the influence of regional government internal control on the quality of financial reporting information of the Regional Work Unit (SKPD) of Bukittinggi City. This research is a causative descriptive type which describes the facts that occur clearly and looks at the effect of each causal variable (X) on the effect variable (Y). The population of this study consisted of 87 civil servants (PNS) government agencies and accounting staff of the Regional Work Unit (SKPD) of Bukittinggi City, so the sample for this study was total sampling because the population was less than 100 objects.∝5% (0.05), 2) there is a significant influence between Local Government Internal Control on the quality of financial report information with a t value of 3.184 or a significant level of 0.004, the value is smaller than the significant level∝5% (0.05). It is hoped that this research can make a positive contribution to the Regional Apparatus Unit (SKPD) of the City of Bukittinggi.
The effectiveness of internal control in the payroll accounting system Case Study at PT. Sumber Bahtera Motor Authorized Toyota Yogyakarta
Authors: Samudra Agung
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine whether the payroll system of PT. Sumber Bahtera Motor Authorized Toyota Yogyakarta is in accordance with theoretical studies that meet the elements of an effective and internal control system. This type of research is a case study. Data collection techniques used were interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques were carried out by comparing the theory and practice of the payroll accounting system of PT. Sumber Bahtera Motor Authorized Toyota Yogyakarta to analyze the effectiveness of internal control in the payroll accounting system using the stop-or-go-sampling method. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it shows that the payroll accounting system of PT. Sumber Bahtera Motor Authorized Toyota Yogyakarta is good. The results of the compliance test on the sample did not reveal any deviations or the number of errors was equal to 0 (zero), so AUPL = DUPL, which is 5%. Thus the internal control in the payroll accounting system of PT. Sumber Bahtera Motor Authorized Toyota Yogyakarta has been effective.
Evolución del Euskara
Authors: De Yrizar Pedro
Published: June 2023

En este artículo se trata de poner de relieve que la lengua vasca, que en una época primitiva era en gran parte prefijante, ha ido, con el transcurso del tiempo, evolucionando hacia formas sufijantes por la acción del vascohablante, que es, con toda probabilidad desde hace siglos, decididamente sufijador, al perder para él significado el prefijo anteriormente existente.

 Se estudia el proceso en tres campos: el artículo, los demostrativos y el verbo. Para elaborar esta hipótesis, se ha tenido en cuenta la opinión de Schuchardt sobre los prefijos e-, i-, con valor de artículo en los sustantivos
Toponimia en lengua vasca de Marauri (Condado de Treviño)
Authors: Uribarrena Pedro , González de Viñaspre Roberto
Published: June 2023

En este estudio se analiza la toponimia vasca de Marauri, una de las cuarenta y nueve localidades que componen el enclave de Treviño. Con este fin, se han utilizado fuentes documentales inéditas casi en su totalidad que abarcan desde los siglos XVII al XX; a caballo, por tanto, de la pérdida del euskera como lengua hablada en la zona, hecho acontecido a lo largo de la segunda mitad del XVIII. Fruto de esta labor es la catalogación y análisis lingüístico de ciento dieciséis topónimos de carácter vasco. Los topónimos de formación castellana –menores en número cuanto más antigua es la documentación– también han sido catalogados por los autores, pero quedan al margen del presente estudio, por limitaciones de espacio.

Se concluye que Marauri ha sido una localidad históricamente vascófona y, al igual que la mayor parte de Álava, de habla occidental, es decir, próxima a las variantes dialectales de Bizkaia y Aramaio.
DRIVING THE MINORITY AND MAJORITY INTERRELIGIOUS RELATIONS IN BALI
Authors: Nurhidayati Titin , Ula Muhammad Bahrul
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the various factors that shape the harmonious relationship between Muslims and Hindus in Bali. The locus of this research is Jimbaran Village, South Kuta District, Badung Regency, Bali Province. This study uses a qualitative research methodology with a narrative descriptive analysis approach and is included in the type of literature study research. The results of this study indicate that the pattern of social relations between Muslims and Hindus in Bali is not only formed based on the understanding of their respective religious teachings, but it can also be shaped by customs in Balinese society and shaped by several factors that influence it. Five factors shape the harmonization of social relations between Muslims and Hindus in Bali, including the conflicts between Muslims and Hindus in Bali, the competition between Muslims and Hindus in Bali, and adjustments made by Muslims to Hindus in Bali, tolerance and cooperation among Muslims in Bali.
Direct electrolysis of underground water in production
Authors: Фесенко Л.Н. , Пчельников И.В. , Пчельникова А.С.
Published: June 2023

Представлены результаты производственных испытаний проточных электролизеров, работающих в режиме прямого электролиза природной поверхностной воды. В процессе электролиза из хлоридов, содержащихся в исходной воде, синтезируется гипохлорит натрия, которым обеззараживается очищаемая вода. Электролизеры входят в состав станции водоподготовки. Блочно-модульная станция водоподготовки «Криница-45» производительностью 45 м3/сут эксплуатируется с 2020 г. Проточные электролизеры используются для обеззараживания сырой воды (первичное обеззараживание) и питьевой воды (вторичное обеззараживание) прямым электролизом, работают с реверсом тока в автоматическом режиме. Оксидное покрытие электродов – ОИРТА (оксидно-иридиево-рутениево-титановый анод) с добавлением тантала. В ходе исследований определены технологические параметры работы электролизеров. Плотность тока изменяли от 25 до 75 А/м2, определяли концентрацию активного хлора, фиксировали изменение напряжения на клеммах электролизера. Измерения проводили каждые две недели в течение последних трех лет. Оптимальной с точки зрения эффективности является плотность тока 40–50 А/м2, при которой достигается выход хлора по току 10–12% и концентрация активного хлора 2–2,8 мг/дм3. Применение реверсирования тока (время переполюсовки +1 час и –1 час) позволило эксплуатировать проточный электролизер на природной воде с общей жесткостью около 9–11 мг-экв/дм3 без использования соляной кислоты для периодической промывки электродов.

The results of production tests of flow-through electrolyzers operating in the mode of direct electrolysis of natural surface water are presented. In the process of electrolysis, sodium hypochlorite for disinfecting water is synthesized from the chlorides present in the source water. Electrolyzers are a part of the water treatment plant. Krinitsa-45 block-modular water treatment plant with a capacity of 45 m3/day has been in operation since 2020. Flow-through electrolyzers are used for the disinfection of raw water (primary disinfection) and drinking water (secondary disinfection) by direct electrolysis; they operate with current reversal in automatic mode. The oxide coating of the electrodes is OIRTA (oxide-iridium-ruthenium-titanium anode) with the addition of tantalum. In the course of studies, the process parameters of the operation of the electrolyzers were determined. The current density was changed from 25 to 75 A/m2, the concentration of active chlorine was determined, and the change in the voltage on the electrolyzer terminals was recorded. The measurements were taken every fortnight during past three years. Current density 40–50 A/m2 was considered as optimal in terms of efficiency since it provided for 10–12% current efficiency by chlorine and 2–2.8 mg/dm3 active chlorine concentration. Using current reversal (polarity reversal time +1 hour and –1 hour) provided for operating a flow-through electrolyzer with natural water with a total hardness of about 9–11 meq/dm3 eliminating the use of hydrochloric acid for regular washing of the electrodes.
Characteristics of ultrafast response induced by impulsive interference of excitons in a GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum well on a slightly strained buffer layer
Authors: Kojima Osamu , Tamachii Ikuo , Kita Takashi
Published: June 2023

Ultrafast responses caused by ultrashort pulse excitation can be applied to ultrafast optical switches with high-speed information processing. In this paper, via the impulsive interference of excitons, we achieve an ultrafast optical response suited for ultrafast switches in all-optical networks. Due to the simultaneous excitation of two exciton states in the multiple quantum well on a strained buffer layer without the occurrence of adverse effects like stacking faults, impulsive interference is induced. The small compressive strain from the buffer layer modifies the orientation of the excitons inside the quantum well, and causes the ultrafast response.
Honosítsunk vagy idegenítsünk?
Authors: Fischer Márta
Published: June 2023

Az idegenítés és a honosítás közötti választás dilemmája nem csak a fordításelmélet szakirodalmában követhető nyomon, hanem a gyakorlatban, a fordító sorozatos döntéseiben is jelen van. E tanulmány célja az, hogy e dilemmát mind az elmélet, mind a gyakorlat oldaláról megvizsgálja, és rávilágítson a két stratégia közötti választás komplexitására. Fő üzenete az, hogy az idegenítés és a ho- nosítás közötti választás nem egyszerűsíthető le egyetlen döntésre – a szöveg(műfaj)- tól a terminusokig különböző stratégiák lehetnek indokoltak. E komplex döntések tudatosítását ugyanakkor nehezíti az a tény, hogy a stratégiák és azok eredménye- inek elnevezése a szakirodalomban nem egységes. Így a tanulmány további célja, hogy áttekintést adjon a honosítás és az idegenítés stratégájához kötődő kulcsfo- galmakról és e fogalmakat leíró megnevezések sokaságáról – ezzel is elősegítve e témában a szakmai diskurzust.