bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of and Mechanism Underlying Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Induced by CH12, a Monoclonal Antibody Directed Against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III
Authors: Xu Wen , Song Fei , Wang Biao , Li Kesang , Tian Mi , Yu Min , Pan Xiaorong , Shi Bizhi , Liu Jianwen , Gu Jianren , Li Zonghai , Jiang Hua
Published: March 2018

Background/Aims: Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), the most frequent EGFR variant, is constitutively activated without binding to EGF and is correlated with a poor prognosis. CH12, a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody, has been developed in our laboratory and selectively binds to overexpressed EGFR and EGFRvIII. A previous study had reported that EGFR could influence autophagic activity, and autophagy is closely related to tumor development and the response to drug therapy. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of CH12 on autophagy and efficacy of combining CH12 with an autophagy inhibitor against EGFRvIII-positive tumors. Methods: EGFRvIII was overexpressed in liver cancer, glioblastoma and breast cancer, and the change in the autophagy-relevant protein levels was analyzed by western blot assays, LC3 punctate aggregation was analyzed by immunofluorescence. The interaction of Beclin-1 and Rubicon was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) after CH12 treatment. The efficacy of ATG7 or Beclin-1 siRNA in combination with CH12 in Huh-7-EGFRvIII cells was assessed by CCK-8 assays. The autophagy and apoptosis signaling events in Huh-7-EGFRvIII cells upon treatment with control, CH12, siRNA or combination for 48 h were assessed by western blot assays. Results: Our results showed that, in cancer cell lines overexpressing EGFRvIII, only the liver cancer cell lines Huh-7 and PLC/PRF/5 suggested autophagy activation. We then investigated the mechanism of autophagy activation after EGFRvIII overexpression. The results showed that EGFRvIII interacted with Rubicon, an autophagy inhibition protein, and released Beclin-1 to form the inducer complex, thus contributing to autophagy. In addition, CH12, via inhibiting the phosphorylation of EGFRvIII, promoted the interaction of EGFRvIII with Rubicon, further inducing autophagy. In vitro assays suggested that knocking down the expression of the key proteins ATG7 or Beclin-1 in the autophagy pathway with siRNA inhibits tumor cell proliferation. Combining autophagy-related proteins 7 (ATG7) or Beclin-1 siRNA with CH12 in Huh-7-EGFRvIII cells showed better inhibition of cell proliferation. Conclusion: EGFRvIII could induce autophagy, and CH12 treatment could improve autophagy activity in EGFRvIII-positive liver cancer cells. The combination of CH12 with an autophagy inhibitor or siRNA against key proteins in the autophagy pathway displayed more significant efficacy on EGFRvIII-positive tumor cells than monotherapy, and induced cell apoptosis.
Comparison of Time-to-First Event and Recurrent-Event Methods in Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Claggett Brian , Pocock Stuart , Wei L.J. , Pfeffer Marc A. , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Most phase-3 trials feature time-to-first event end points for their primary and secondary analyses. In chronic diseases, where a clinical event can occur >1 time, recurrent-event methods have been proposed to more fully capture disease burden and have been assumed to improve statistical precision and power compared with conventional time-to-first methods.

Methods:

To better characterize factors that influence statistical properties of recurrent-event and time-to-first methods in the evaluation of randomized therapy, we repeatedly simulated trials with 1:1 randomization of 4000 patients to active versus control therapy, with true patient-level risk reduction of 20% (ie, relative risk=0.80). For patients who discontinued active therapy after a first event, we assumed their risk reverted subsequently to their original placebo-level risk. Through simulation, we varied the degree of between-patient heterogeneity of risk and the extent of treatment discontinuation. Findings were compared with those from actual randomized clinical trials.

Results:

As the degree of between-patient heterogeneity of risk increased, both time-to-first and recurrent-event methods lost statistical power to detect a true risk reduction and confidence intervals widened. The recurrent-event analyses continued to estimate the true relative risk (0.80) as heterogeneity increased, whereas the Cox model produced attenuated estimates. The power of recurrent-event methods declined as the rate of study drug discontinuation postevent increased. Recurrent-event methods provided greater power than time-to-first methods in scenarios where drug discontinuation was ≤30% after a first event, lesser power with drug discontinuation rates of ≥60%, and comparable power otherwise. We confirmed in several actual trials of chronic heart failure that treatment effect estimates were attenuated when estimated via the Cox model and that increased statistical power from recurrent-event methods was most pronounced in trials with lower treatment discontinuation rates.

Conclusions:

We find that the statistical power of both recurrent-events and time-to-first methods are reduced by increasing heterogeneity of patient risk, a parameter not included in conventional power and sample size formulas. Data from real clinical trials are consistent with simulation studies, confirming that the greatest statistical gains from use of recurrent-events methods occur in the presence of high patient heterogeneity and low rates of study drug discontinuation.
Chinese Medicinal Excrement
Authors: Despeux Catherine
Published: March 2018

The use of medicinal excrement, of which there is some evidence under the Han, increased significantly in the Tang Dynasty. Many recipes, recorded in the Dunhuang manuscripts and in scholarly literature, are based on animal excrement. First, we want to show that this increase is due to the influence of foreign medicines, mainly Āyurvedic medicine and, second, that Buddhism played a key role in this development. By comparing Indian medical sources, Chinese manuscripts from Dunhuang (which was a privileged site for the transfer of knowledge), Chinese texts of scholarly literature, and Buddhist sources, the role of Buddhism in spreading the use of medical excrement can be observed. Buddhism first exerted an ethical influence through the idea of compassion for beings suffering from illness, which then led to the search for first-aid remedies that were cheap and easy to procure, especially in the natural environment, such as the feces of domestic animals. The notion was then conveyed that, beyond the tension between pure and filthy, no remedy is vile and every substance can be a remedy, an idea that can be traced back to Āyurvedic medicine and that is embedded in the story of the model Indian physician, Jīvaka. Finally, the circulation and distribution of animal fecal recipes (here we have taken the example of cow dung) follows the passage of Buddhism from India to China as does the dissemination of such remedies. Thus, we show that Buddhism was a catalyst and a vector for the transmission and transfer of knowledge on medicinal excrement.
Taxonomy, systematics, and typification of Carex markgrafii Kük. (Cyperaceae)
Authors: MESTERHÁZY ATTILA , JIMÉNEZ-MEJÍAS PEDRO , PIFKÓ DÁNIEL , BARINA ZOLTÁN
Published: March 2018

Carex markgrafii is a species described from Albania and known only from a single locality (Shen Ndue) in the central part of the country. The type specimen was destroyed during the World War II, and to date there was very little additional information about this taxon. During the fieldwork on the type locality, a small population of this species was found. We performed a morphological and DNA-based phylogenetic study to figure out the relationships of this species. Carex markgrafii was found to be nested among the European members of section Mitratae. The collected specimens were morphologically distinct from all the other species of the section on the continent. We designate the original illustration in protologue as the lectotype for C. markgrafii, and our new collection as epytype. A detailed description of the species and an identification key is provided.
Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) from the Paleocene of Menat (France)
Authors: KIREJTSHUK ALEXANDER G. , NEL ANDRE
Published: March 2018

This paper is devoted to the study of the first Palaeocene Nitidulidae, all from the lacustrine outcrop of Menat (France), viz. Nitoraeopsis mixta gen. et sp. nov. (Epuraeinae, first fossil member of Taenioncini); ?Soronia spp. (S. menatensis sp. nov. and S. sp.) of the Soronia-complex of genera (Nitidulinae, Nitidulini); Menatoraea gen. nov. (M. typica sp. nov. (type species), M. angustitibialis sp. nov., M. laticollis sp. nov., and M. gracilis sp. nov.) of the Pocadius- or Thalycra-complexes, and Palaeolycra palaeocenica gen. et sp. nov. of the Thalycra-complex (Nitidulinae, Nitidulini); and ?Cryptarcha subglobosa sp. nov., oldest fossil record of the tribe Cryptarchini sensu stricto (Cryptarchinae). A key to the species of Menatoraea gen. nov. and a review of the fossil record of the family Nitidulidae are provided.
Description of Loffienema dhanoriensis gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from Jammu and Kashmir State, India
Authors: SHAH ALI. A. , ALLIE KAISAR AHMAD , VAID SHAVISH , HANDOO ZAFAR A.
Published: March 2018

A new genus, Loffienema dhanoriensis gen. n., sp. n. is described and illustrated from soil mixed with mature compost of Biodiversity Park, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah (BGSB) University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is characterized by medium-sized body, slightly offset labial region, weakly developed, isoglottoid stegostom, amphidelphic reproductive system, slender and separate spicules, spathulate gubernaculum and reduced bursa with eight pairs of bursal rays. Its relationship and distinguishing features with other closely related genera are discussed.
New species and new records of Amphinemurinae (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Shaanxi Province of China
Authors: LI WEIHAI , DONG WENBIN , YANG DING
Published: March 2018

Three new species of the Amphinemurinae genus Amphinemura, A. dicroidea sp. nov., A. longihamita sp. nov. and A. microhamita sp. nov., are described from China. These new species are compared with related taxa. Amphinemura multispina (Wu) and Sphaeronemoura grandicauda (Wu) (also belonging to the Amphinemurinae) are recorded from Shaanxi Province, northwestern China for the first time. The adult male of A. multispina is redescribed and the adult female of S. grandicauda is also described based on new material.
Exploring the Source and Potential of Earth–Air Pulsation Using a Closed System
Authors: Li Hongshou
Published: March 2018

Because of Earth’s motion, periodic temperature fluctuations occur in soil on daily and yearly time scales, which inevitably lead to pulsation of the air pressure in the soil. The Earth–air pressure monitoring technique called “hou-qi” is the basis of a calendar formulated by the ancient Chinese. However, the daily/yearly variation of air pressure in the soil is very weak, according to practical monitoring experiments, so hou-qi has long been considered a pseudoscience. To determine the potential maximum change of Earth–air pressure, identify what is causing the underlying Earth–air pressure variation, and reveal the mechanism, we use a closed system, which is a more appropriate system test of the possible validity of hou-qi, to monitor Earth–air pressure variation in this paper. The results show that there are potential air pressure fluctuations of about 120–190 hPa in closed soil over the daily/yearly temperature range of 5°–40°C. This provides ample magnitude for hou-qi. The largest contribution made to Earth–air pressure variation was pressurization due to air warming, with vapor due to water evaporation and desorbed gas having smaller effects. The soil’s water content has a significant effect on Earth–air pressure amplitude. Dry soil contributes almost no water vapor, but the adsorbed gases from dry soil have up to a 38-hPa influence on air pressure. The soil’s salt content also has an important regulating role on Earth–air pressure and can reduce the influence of vapor pressure. This paper provides a scientific basis for the ancient Earth–air monitoring system of hou-qi and also has important significance for hydrometeorology and research on the ancient Chinese civilization.
Seasonal and Regional Manifestation of Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Onarheim Ingrid H. , Eldevik Tor , Smedsrud Lars H. , Stroeve Julienne C.
Published: March 2018

The Arctic Ocean is currently on a fast track toward seasonally ice-free conditions. Although most attention has been on the accelerating summer sea ice decline, large changes are also occurring in winter. This study assesses past, present, and possible future change in regional Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent throughout the year by examining sea ice concentration based on observations back to 1950, including the satellite record since 1979. At present, summer sea ice variability and change dominate in the perennial ice-covered Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev, and Kara Seas, with the East Siberian Sea explaining the largest fraction of September ice loss (22%). Winter variability and change occur in the seasonally ice-covered seas farther south: the Barents Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Greenland Sea, and Baffin Bay, with the Barents Sea carrying the largest fraction of loss in March (27%). The distinct regions of summer and winter sea ice variability and loss have generally been consistent since 1950, but appear at present to be in transformation as a result of the rapid ice loss in all seasons. As regions become seasonally ice free, future ice loss will be dominated by winter. The Kara Sea appears as the first currently perennial ice-covered sea to become ice free in September. Remaining on currently observed trends, the Arctic shelf seas are estimated to become seasonally ice free in the 2020s, and the seasonally ice-covered seas farther south to become ice free year-round from the 2050s.
Diurnal Circulation Adjustment and Organized Deep Convection
Authors: Ruppert James H. , Hohenegger Cathy
Published: March 2018

This study investigates the diurnal cycle of tropical organized deep convection and the feedback in large-scale circulation. By considering gravity wave phase speeds, we find that the circulation adjustment into weak temperature gradient (WTG) balance occurs rapidly (<6 h) relative to diurnal diabatic forcing on the spatial scales typical of organized convection (≤500 km). Convection-permitting numerical simulations of self-aggregation in diurnal radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) are conducted to explore this further. These simulations depict a pronounced diurnal cycle of circulation linked to organized convection, which indeed maintains WTG balance to first order. A set of sensitivity experiments is conducted to assess what governs the diurnal cycle of organized convection. We find that the “direct radiation–convection interaction” (or lapse-rate) mechanism is of primary importance for diurnal precipitation range, while the “dynamic cloudy–clear differential radiation” mechanism amplifies the range by approximately 30%, and delays the nocturnal precipitation peak by around 5 h. The differential radiation mechanism therefore explains the tendency for tropical heavy rainfall to peak in the early morning, while the lapse-rate mechanism primarily governs diurnal amplitude. The diurnal evolution of circulation can be understood as follows. While nocturnal deep convection invigorated by cloud-top cooling (i.e., the lapse-rate mechanism) leads to strong bottom-heavy circulation at nighttime, the localized (i.e., differential) top-heavy shortwave warming in the convective region invigorates circulation at upper levels in daytime. A diurnal evolution of the circulation therefore arises, from bottom heavy at nighttime to top heavy in daytime, in a qualitatively consistent manner with the observed diurnal pulsing of the Hadley cell driven by the ITCZ.
Evaluating SST Analyses with Independent Ocean Profile Observations
Authors: Huang Boyin , Angel William , Boyer Tim , Cheng Lijing , Chepurin Gennady , Freeman Eric , Liu Chunying , Zhang Huai-Min
Published: March 2018

The difficulty in effectively evaluating sea surface temperature (SST) analyses is finding independent observations, since most available observations have been used in the SST analyses. In this study, the ocean profile measurements [from reverse thermometer, CTD, mechanical bathythermograph (MBT), and XBT] above 5-m depth over 1950–2016 from the World Ocean Database (WOD) are used (data labeled pSSTW). The biases of MBT and XBT are corrected based on currently available algorithms. The bias-corrected pSSTW over 1950–2016 and satellite-based SST from the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) over 1992–2010 are used to evaluate commonly available SST analyses. These SST analyses are the Extended Reconstructed SST (ERSST), versions 5, 4, and 3b, the Met Office Hadley Centre Sea Ice and SST dataset (HadISST), and the Japan Meteorological Administration (JMA) Centennial In Situ Observation-Based Estimates of SST version 2.9.2 (COBE-SST2). Our comparisons show that the SST from COBE-SST2 is the closest to pSSTW and CCI in most of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern Oceans, which may result from its unique bias correction to ship observations. The SST from ERSST version 5 is more consistent with pSSTW than its previous versions over 1950–2016, and is more consistent with CCI than its previous versions over 1992–2010. The better performance of ERSST version 5 over its previous versions is attributed to its improved bias correction applied to ship observations with a baseline of buoy observations, and is seen in most of the Pacific and Atlantic.
Physical health problems in people with psychosis: The issue for informal carers
Authors: Onwumere Juliana , Howes Sophia , Shiers David , Gaughran Fiona
Published: March 2018

Background:

Reduced life expectancies are recorded in adults with psychotic disorders. Informal carers play key roles in improving illness outcomes for patients, including significantly reducing rates of relapse and hospitalisation. There is, however, a dearth of literature detailing carers’ perspectives on physical health problems in the relatives they care for and implications for those in the caregiving role. The study sought to explore carers’ subjective experiences of supporting a relative with psychosis and physical health problems.

Methods:

Carers of adults with psychosis were interviewed individually, or as part of a group, about physical health problems in the relatives they care for.

Results:

Five key themes were identified from the interviews that reflected (1) ubiquity of physical health problems in psychosis, (2) gaps in service provision for those living with mental and physical health problems, (3) carers’ role in responding to service gaps, (4) difficult conversations and (5) impact on carer health.

Conclusion:

Service initiatives that are designed to improve patient physical health in psychosis should not overlook the role that informal carers might have in supporting this process. The implications that patient physical health problems present for carer well-being and the quality of the caregiving relationship in psychosis deserve further investigation.
Robust impact angle constraints guidance law with autopilot lag and acceleration saturation consideration
Authors: Song Junhong , Song Shenmin
Published: March 2018

In this paper, for the three-dimensional terminal guidance problem of a missile intercepting a manoeuvring target, a robust continuous guidance law with impact angle constraints in the presence of both an acceleration saturation constraint and a second-order-lag autopilot is developed. First, based on non-singular fast terminal sliding mode and adaptive control, a step-by-step backstepping method is used to design the guidance law. In the process of guidance law design, with the use of a finite-time control technique, virtual control laws are developed, a tracking differentiator is used to eliminate the ‘explosion of complexity’ problem inherent in the traditional backstepping method, and an additional system is constructed to deal with the acceleration saturation problem; its states are used for guidance law design and stability analysis. Moreover, the target acceleration is considered bounded disturbance, but the upper bound is not required to be known in advance, whereas the upper bound is estimated online by a designed adaptive law. Next, finite-time stability of the guidance system is strictly proved by using a Lyapunov method. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the excellent guidance performances of the proposed guidance law in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
The Relationship Between Psychological Symptoms, Creativity, and Loneliness in Gifted Children
Authors: Ogurlu Uzeyir , Yalin Hatun Sevgi , Yavuz Birben Fazilet
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological symptoms, creativity, and loneliness among gifted middle school students and to analyze gender difference in psychological symptoms. The study used a correlational design, consisting of 91 gifted middle school students. The Brief Symptom Inventory, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking were used as data-collection instruments. The results showed that there was no significant difference between gifted female and male students in the Brief Symptom Inventory total score and subscales except in the depression subscale. In addition, the Brief Symptom Inventory including subscales was significantly and positively correlated with the UCLA Loneliness Scale. There was no significant correlation between the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and the other scales. Loneliness was found to be a significant predictor of psychological symptoms. The results of this study suggest that loneliness is a major factor for the psychological well-being of gifted students.
Grandparenting and Self-Rated Health Among Older Korean Women
Authors: Choi Seung-won , Zhang Zhenmei
Published: March 2018

An increasing number of older Korean women have played an important role in taking care of their grandchildren to help their adult children. This study investigates the effects of grandparenting on older women’ health in South Korea. Using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging ( N = 3,092), we estimated ordinal logistic regression models with lagged dependent variable to examine whether and how grandparenting type and transition and grandparenting intensity are associated with older women’s self-rated health. Results show that grandmothers who provide long-term nonresidential grandparenting have better self-rated health than grandmothers who are not engaged in grandparenting. Grandmothers caring for grandchildren in skipped-generation households or multigenerational households do not suffer from a deficit in health. Grandparenting intensity is not associated with grandmothers’ health. Our findings suggest that the implications of grandparenting for older women’s health may differ in different social and cultural contexts.
Distinguishing Molecular Features of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Tyler Matthew A. , Padro Dietz Caroline J. , Russell Chris B. , Citardi Martin J. , Assassi Shervin , Ying Jun , Luong Amber U.
Published: March 2018

Objective

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a clinical subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), characterized by eosinophilic mucin, evidence of fungal elements within the mucin, fungal‐specific type I hypersensitivity, and characteristic computed tomography findings. It remains controversial whether AFRS represents a disease with a unique pathophysiology from chronic rhinosinusitis or is merely a severe form of CRSwNP. The goal of this study was to identify molecular features unique to AFRS.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional case‐control.

Setting

Single academic tertiary referral institution.

Subjects and Methods

Subjects included 86 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery: CRSwNP (n = 34), AFRS (n = 37), and healthy controls (n = 15). Pathway and correlation analyses were performed with whole‐genome microarray data for study patients undergoing surgery for recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Our findings were confirmed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical studies.

Results

AFRS was uniquely characterized by a pronounced association with adaptive T helper 2–associated immune gene expression. AFRS exhibited altered expression of proteins associated with secretory salivary peptides—namely, histatin, a peptide with known antifungal activity in the oral cavity. Furthermore, the expression of histatins correlated negatively with that of type 2 inflammatory mediators. We confirm the decreased expression of histatins in AFRS when compared with CRSwNP by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and localized its expression to a submucosal cell population.

Conclusion

There exist clear molecular profiles that distinguish AFRS from CRSwNP. This divergence translates into an altered ability to control fungal growth and may in part explain some of the phenotypical differences between CRSwNP and AFRS.
The preferential adsorption sites of H2O on adsorption sites of CO2 at low temperature onto NaX and BaX zeolites
Authors: Mfoumou C Mve , Mignard S , Belin T
Published: March 2018

Study of preferential adsorption sites of H2O on NaX and BaX zeolites was carried out after adsorption/desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2). The profiles of CO2 desorption revealed two distinct zones. The first one, at low temperature (T < 533 K), corresponding to physisorbed CO2 where BaX zeolite has an energy of adsorption higher than that of NaX as well as strong interactions of adsorbent/adsorbate. The second one (533–623 K) corresponds to the chemisorbed CO2. The presence of water influences CO2 adsorption. The effect is more important for NaX than for BaX. For NaX, water occupies the adsorption sites of CO2 between 373 and 483 K. In contrast, BaX preserves a majority of adsorption sites of physisorbed CO2 in the presence of water, in particular the adsorption sites located in the interval of temperature 423–533 K.
Discontinuous Maxwell–Rankine stress functions for space frames
Authors: McRobie Allan , Williams Chris
Published: March 2018

This article shows how bending and torsional moments in three-dimensional frames can be represented via a discontinuous Maxwell–Rankine stress function. The associated Rankine reciprocal contains polygonal faces whose areas represent forces. These faces are orthogonal to the member forces (which may include shear forces) and need not be orthogonal to the beams.
Effectiveness of the I2AO2 interdisciplinary programme led by nurses on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Fernández-Ruiz V. E. , Paniagua-Urbano J. A. , Solé-Agustí M. , Ruiz-Sánchez A. , Gómez-Marín J. , Armero-Barranco D.
Published: March 2018

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary programme led by nurses in relation to metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular risk (CVR).

Methods

This randomized, controlled, clinical trial included 74 patients diagnosed with MS (experimental group [EG], n = 37; control group [CG], n = 37). The intervention consisted of a 12-month interdisciplinary programme (pre-test, 6 months of intervention, 12 months of intervention, and 1-year follow-up post-intervention) coordinated by nursing.

Results

We found a progressive and significant reduction for all clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric parameters analysed at different time points. In the EG, remission of MS by 48.1% in the short term was observed (83.8% in the medium term) and maintained at 1 year post-intervention. In the CG, the prevalence of MS increased by 2.7% from the initial evaluation to study completion. A similar trend was observed for CVR. In the EG, 100% of subjects had a moderate-low risk of CVR at 1 year post-intervention, whereas the CG had CVR in all categories.

Conclusion

An interdisciplinary, nurse-led programme improves participants’ metabolic and cardiovascular health, while maintaining long-term effects. Our findings suggest an important role of the professional nurse as a nexus between the patient, different professionals, and the community.
Implementation of individual placement and support (IPS) into community forensic mental health settings: Lessons learned
Authors: Talbot Emily , Bird Yvonne , Russell Jo , Sahota Karan , Schneider Justine , Khalifa Najat
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Assessment of the effectiveness of individual placement and support in forensic mental health settings is a relatively new field of research despite evidence demonstrating its effectiveness in generic mental health settings.

Method

IPS was implemented into a community forensic mental health setting within a large National Health Service trust in the United Kingdom over 6 months. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research this paper describes the lessons learned from implementing individual placement and support into such settings.

Results

Our findings suggest that implementation of individual placement and support in forensic mental health settings is complex and requires robust planning and collaboration with internal and external agencies. Barriers to implementation included staff attitudes, difficulty engaging employers and lack of employment related performance indicators, and facilitators included the support of service managers and outside groups. Adaptations to the IPS model were made to address challenges encountered, including difficulty starting rapid job searches, concerns about stigma, lack of confidence, uncertainty around employment opportunities, offence restrictions and lack of interest from potential employers.

Conclusion

This paper adds to the limited literature in the field. Findings are relevant to practitioners and service providers who wish to implement individual placement and support services for people with mental disorder and offending histories.
Radial vibration analysis of heterogeneous and non-uniform disks via complementary functions method
Authors: Yildirim Sefa , Tutuncu Naki
Published: March 2018

Free vibration analysis of heterogeneous (functionally graded) and non-uniform (variable thickness) disks using plane elasticity results in a two-point boundary value problem. Spatially varying mechanical and thickness properties yield variable coefficient governing differential equations where obtaining closed-form solutions are not possible except for certain simple grading and thickness functions. This article uses complementary functions method as a novel approach to determine natural frequencies of functionally graded non-uniform disks. The validation and observation of converges are done using analytical and ANSYS results for a simple power law model uniform disk. The proposed solution method can be applied for disks with any continuous thickness and material grading functions.
Migraine is common in patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: Gelfand Jeffrey M , Gelfand Amy A , Goadsby Peter J , Benn Bryan S , Koth Laura L
Published: March 2018

Objective

To describe the frequency of migraine and predictors of having migraine in sarcoidosis patients.

Methods

The ID migraine questionnaire was administered to a well-phenotyped observational cohort of sarcoidosis patients (most of whom were seeking specialty care) and healthy controls. Predictors of migraine status were examined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Migraine was seen in 29% of 96 patients with sarcoidosis and 13% of 39 healthy controls, ( p = 0.049). Among those with sarcoidosis, in univariate regression analysis only female sex was predictive of having migraine, and in a multivariable regression female sex remained significant (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.2–18.2). There was no association between migraine and age, depression, dyspnea, immunosuppression use, or ESR.

Conclusions

Migraine is a common comorbidity in sarcoidosis patients. As such, better recognition and targeted treatment of migraine has the potential to improve quality of life as part of a comprehensive care plan for sarcoidosis patients.
KEY Careers: Increasing Retention and Graduation Rates With Career Interventions
Authors: Clayton Karley , Wessel Roger D. , McAtee Jim , Knight William E.
Published: March 2018

The purpose of the study was to investigate how promoting participation in KEY Careers, a career intervention program available to all incoming matriculates, influenced 1-year retention and 4-year graduation rates compared to nonparticipants at a singular institution. Archival data of 14,099 matriculates from the 2011–2014 freshman fall cohorts were utilized to examine the significance of a career intervention program on 1-year retention and 4-year graduation rates for various student demographics through an analysis of covariance. The results of this study suggest student participation in a career intervention program causes a statistically significant increase in 1-year retention and 4-year graduation rates regardless of gender or race. The discussion of this study is focused on why vocational identity development is significant at the beginning of the college experience and includes suggestions for how university administration can proactively infuse career development into their practices to benefit students of all backgrounds.
Mysticism in the courtroom in 19th-century Europe
Authors: Graus Andrea
Published: March 2018

This article examines how and why criminal proceedings were brought against alleged cases of Catholic mysticism in several European countries during modernity. In particular, it explores how criminal charges were derived from mystical experiences and shows how these charges were examined inside the courtroom. To bring a lawsuit against supposed mystics, justice systems had to reduce their mysticism to ‘facts’ or actions involving a breach of the law, usually fraud. Such accusations were not the main reason why alleged mystics were taken to court, however. Focusing on three representative examples, in Spain, France and Germany, I argue that ‘mystic trials’ had more to do with specific conflicts between the defendant and the ecclesiastical or secular authorities than with public concern regarding pretence of the supernatural. Criminal courts in Europe approached such cases in a similar way. Just as in ecclesiastical inquiries, during the trials, judges called upon expert testimony to debunk the allegedly supernatural. Once a mystic entered the courtroom, his or her reputation was profoundly affected. Criminal lawsuits had a certain ‘demystifying power’ and were effective in stifling the fervour surrounding the alleged mystics. All in all, mystic trials offer a rich example of the ways in which modern criminal justice dealt with increasing enthusiasm for the supernatural during the 19th century.
Internal unsteady flow characteristics of centrifugal pump based on entropy generation rate and vibration energy
Authors: Jia Xiao-Qi , Zhu Zu-Chao , Yu Xiao-Li , Zhang Yu-Liang
Published: March 2018

The transient fluid exciting force induced by unsteady flow in the centrifugal pump is the only exciting force that cannot be effectively eliminated. In order to explore the vibration problem caused by unsteady flow in the centrifugal pump, the steady and unsteady numerical calculations of the internal flow in a centrifugal pump with low specific speed were carried out under different flow rate conditions. With volute circumferential pressure pulsation test, the accuracy of numerical calculations was verified. At the same time, the vibration acceleration sensors were arranged in different positions of the pump body to complete the vibration characteristics experiment under different working conditions. Based on the numerical results, the amount and location of the internal flow loss of the centrifugal pump were predicted by the entropy generation rate method. According to the results of the vibration test, the vibration energy distribution of the centrifugal pump under different working conditions was obtained. In combination with the entropy generation rate and vibration energy distribution, the change rules of flow loss and the vibration energy with the flow condition of the pump were analyzed. By using the frequency-domain analysis method, the pressure pulsation, the unsteady radial fluid exciting force fluctuation and the vibration acceleration were compared and analyzed to study the change rules of the pressure pulsation, the unsteady fluid exciting force and the vibration characteristics with the flow rate. The results show that the internal flow loss is mainly concentrated in the impeller runner near the volute tongue under low flow condition and the internal flow loss under large flow rate condition is mainly concentrated in the volute channel near the pump outlet. The vibration induced by the unsteady flow in the centrifugal pump is mainly low-frequency vibration, which is very sensitive to the change of the flow rate. The vibration energy in the middle- and high-frequency ranges is almost not affected by the working condition. The internal flow loss and the low-frequency vibration energy change with the flow condition, showing similar change rules.
Genetic variants of vascular endothelial growth factor predict risk and survival of gliomas
Authors: Linhares Paulo , Viana-Pereira Marta , Ferreira Mónica , Amorim Júlia , Nabiço Rui , Pinto Filipe , Costa Sandra , Vaz Rui , Reis Rui Manuel
Published: March 2018

The vascular endothelial growth factor regulates angiogenesis that is increased in glioma. VEGF polymorphisms are thought to modulate vascular endothelial growth factor plasma levels and therefore may be implicated in glioma risk. We aimed to clarify the role of VEGF and von Willebrand factor polymorphisms in glioma susceptibility and prognosis. A case–control study of 126 glioma patients and 180 cancer-free controls was performed. Using Sequenom MassARRAY platform, 11 VEGF and 1 VWF polymorphisms were genotyped. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The associations between polymorphisms and survival were evaluated using a Cox regression model. Bonferroni’s adjustment was used to correct for multiple testing. The VEGF polymorphism rs833061 was strongly associated with increased risk for glioma (odds ratio = 164.85) and glioblastoma (odds ratio = 155.66), confirmed after Bonferroni correction. Also, the VEGF polymorphisms rs3024994, rs2010963, and particularly the homozygous carriers of rs1005230 were associated with a worse prognosis for glioma and glioblastoma. Our data support a role of VEGF and VWF polymorphisms as glioma biomarkers, with additional potential relevance for molecular stratification of patients for anti-angiogenic therapies.
Ngaa-bi-nya Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander program evaluation framework
Authors: Williams Megan
Published: March 2018

The Ngaa-bi-nya framework presented here is a practical guide for the evaluation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and social programs. It has a range of prompts to stimulate thinking about critical success factors in programs relevant to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s lives. Ngaa-bi-nya was designed from an Aboriginal practitioner-scholar standpoint and was informed by the holistic concept of Aboriginal health, case studies with Aboriginal-led social and emotional well-being programs, human rights instruments, and the work of Stufflebeam. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and social programs have been described as suffering from a lack of evaluation. Ngaa-bi-nya is one of the few tools developed specifically to reflect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ contexts. It prompts the user to take into account the historical, policy, and social landscape of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s lives, existing and emerging cultural leadership, and informal caregiving that supports programs. Ngaa-bi-nya’s prompts across four domains—landscape factors, resources, ways of working, and learnings—provide a structure through which to generate insights necessary for the future development of culturally relevant, effective, translatable, and sustainable programs required for Australia’s growing and diverse Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations.
Peritoneal and scrotal carcinomas of unknown origin in two bovine calves
Authors: Brakel Kelsey A. , VanHoy Grace , Hinds Austin , Breitbach Justin , Premanandan Christopher , Kohnken Rebecca
Published: March 2018

Two unrelated bovine beef calves, aged 2 mo and 3 mo, were presented to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center because of scrotal swelling and abdominal distension. On postmortem examination, there was abundant peritoneal fluid and numerous small friable masses covering all peritoneal surfaces and extending into the scrotum via the tunica vaginalis, with no identifiable primary neoplasm. Based on light microscopy, differential diagnoses included malignant mesothelioma and anaplastic carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the neoplasms labeled positive for cytokeratin, and negative for vimentin and calretinin. Neoplastic cells contained periodic acid–Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant cytoplasmic granules, and lacked Alcian blue–positive, hyaluronidase-negative cytoplasmic vacuoles. Ultrastructurally, the cells had features of carcinoma, including secretory granules, and lacked typical features of mesothelioma, such as long slender microvilli. Our final diagnosis was carcinoma in both calves, despite the equivocal gross and light microscopic findings. We propose that a presumptive diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma in bovine calves should be avoided without corroboration by a combination of histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and, if possible, electron microscopy.
Status, Issues, and Challenges of Chinese Juvenile Justice
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , He Ni “Phil”
Published: March 2018

Given the size of China’s juvenile population and the rapid social transformation in recent decades, researchers and policy makers are paying increased attention to juvenile justice–related issues. This article begins with an overview of the Chinese juvenile justice national data, followed by an in-depth discussion on the principles and mixed influences, and the unique juvenile justice process in China. Drawing upon the accumulated research on the subject matter, we highlight the most significant challenges such as rising crime among migrant youth, reforms within the criminal justice agencies, and issues of legitimacy facing the Chinese juvenile justice system today. Recommendations are made for future research and policy.
The Effects of the Perception of Being Recognized by Patients With Alzheimer Disease on a Caregiver’s Burden and Psychophysical Health
Authors: Lai Carlo , Cipriani Marta , Renzi Alessia , Luciani Massimiliano , Lombardo Luigi , Aceto Paola
Published: March 2018

Caring for a patient with Alzheimer disease (AD) represents a real challenge that can have considerable long-term psychological and physical consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the perception of being recognized on both the psychophysical health and the level of burden reported in caregivers of patients with AD. The secondary aim was to evaluate the association between the use of a home care assistance service and the burden and psychophysical health in caregivers. The Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and a visual analog scale (VAS) to evaluate the level of perception of being recognized were administered to 31 caregivers of patients with AD. Data were also collected from patients with AD using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The level of perception of being recognized was significantly and negatively correlated with total burden ( r = −0.36; P = .045) and objective burden ( r = −0.53; P = .002). It was also significantly and positively correlated with the MMSE score ( r = 41; P = .02). Regression models showed that only the perception of being recognized, and not MMSE, significantly predicted lower caregiver objective burden scores. Furthermore, the use of a home care assistance service significantly predicted higher caregiver physical functioning. The perception of being recognized by an AD relative significantly predicted the caregiver’s objective burden associated with a shortage of time. The use of a home care assistance service also resulted in a promotion in the caregiver’s social functioning. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Issue Scales, Information Cues, and the Proximity and Directional Models of Voter Choice
Authors: Kropko Jonathan , Banda Kevin K.
Published: March 2018

One of the most important questions in the study of democratic politics centers on how citizens consider issues and candidate positions when choosing whom to support in an election. The proximity and directional theories make fundamentally different predictions about voter behavior and imply different optimal strategies for candidates, but a longstanding literature to empirically adjudicate between the theories has yielded mixed results. We use a survey experiment to show that the way that candidates’ issue positions are described can cue citizens to choose a candidate that is preferred under the expectations of either the proximity or the directional theory. We find that directional voting is more likely when the issue scale is understood to represent degrees of intensity with which either the liberal or the conservative side of the issue is expressed and that proximity voting is more likely when an issue scale is understood to be a range of policies.
Secondary resonances in aeroelastic response of oscillating airfoil under dynamic stall
Authors: Qiu Zhan , Xu Wenhao , Yuan Jiaxin , Wang Fuxin
Published: March 2018

To clarify the mechanism of the complex aeroelastic responses of flexible blades of helicopter rotors under dynamic stall, experiments on a 2D aeroelastic system are performed. In the spectra of the response from experiment results, special frequency components are found. Then, a numerical method based on the same aeroelastic model is introduced. Here, the flow field is solved using a zonal solver based on vorticity dynamics. When changing a system’s natural frequency, the same extra frequency components in the response spectra are found when particular ratios of natural and forcing frequencies are achieved. Secondary resonances are believed to then happen, which feature a larger response amplitude, multiple periodic motion and a subharmonic peak of driving frequency in the load spectra. With an analysis of the flow field, the 1/2 subharmonic in the airload spectra (i.e. the period doubling of the loads) is believed to be associated with the nonlinear variation of vortex structures. With a dynamic mode decomposition analysis, a counter-rotating vortex interaction instability is detected as the physical mechanism of period doubling. The coincidence of natural frequency with the odd times of the subharmonic leads to the secondary resonances.