bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children of a Lesser Seismological God: The 1971 Tuscania (Central Italy) “Historical” Earthquake
Authors: Cucci Luigi , Tertulliani Andrea , Castellano Corrado
Published: June 2020

The 6 February 1971 Tuscania (central Italy) earthquake belongs to a peculiar family of destructive seismic events that have occurred in an area classified as low-seismic hazard, causing heavy damage and tens of casualties. However, this earthquake took place at the dawn of modern seismology in Italy and is far from being fully characterized from an instrumental and macroseismological point of view. This article aims at bridging the gap of information that affects that earthquake, through a twofold research path: (1) with an archival investigation looking for new available sources and with the use of the European Macroseismic Scale-98 (EMS-98) intensity scale, and (2) with the calculation of a more constrained hypocentral location. The results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: the reappraisal of the earthquake in terms of EMS-98 provides a maximum intensity 8 in Tuscania (previously quoted 8–9 Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg [MCS] in the catalog), and a general decrease of intensity in many damaged localities. The new epicenter location is shifted almost 10 km southeast of the old one, at about 3 km depth. This new location is more robust than the previous one and is consistent with the general distribution of the most damaged localities; however, we cannot exclude that effects of directivity might have played a role in the peculiar pattern of damage caused by the event. Finally, we provide new values of magnitude (MD 4.9 and ML 5.1) that point to an upward scaling of the earthquake. The ultimate lesson of this work is that a deepening of the research can always provide room for an improvement of our knowledge even for significant earthquakes that have occurred relatively recently.
Odwołanie od decyzji w sprawach administracyjnych przekazywanych do rozpatrzenia w postępowaniu cywilnym na przykładzie odwołania od decyzji w sprawach z zakresu ubezpieczeń społecznych
Authors: Frey Robert
Published: June 2020

Ustawodawca z różnych przyczyn przekazuje do rozpoznania przez sądy powszechne sprawy administracyjne. Sprawy te załatwiane są przez organ administracyjny decyzją, a odwołanie kierowane jest do sądu powszechnego. Przykładem takiej procedury, zwanej hybrydową, jest postępowanie w sprawach z zakresu ubezpieczeń społecznych.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Dasar Melalui Permainan Star Hidden Pada Kelompok A Muslimat NU 11 Kedungkandang Malang
Authors: Indana Dina Shofia , Gonadi Leni
Published: June 2020

The observation result on group A RA Muslimat NU 11, Kedungkandang Malang showed that student developt language learning reseptif about basic writing was not optimal. This because the lowes student skill which implemented in class always monotone. No appropriate tools from 17 student in the class, almost 14 students. Was not categoriz it, but 3 of them included in that categorize. Thats why, star hidden game expected. Can increase student learning reseptif in class. And this is was one of many games which can implemented in class. This game was really fun, first, you pict are card in the box which provided before, and write it down on paper what words which teacher gived exemple before. Implemented star hidden game do take a turn with another students in class.this research was  use classroom action research (PTK). Analysis technique was use in this research was descriptif kualitatif and quantitative this research hold in two siklus and each of siklus had 2 meeting. The subjek in this research was students class group A RA Muslimat NU 11, Kedungkandang, Malang. The result of students abillity group A in star hidden games in the first was 35,29% and increaded in cycle II which is 82,35%. The research advice to the teacher, school, and another research in the future, can be increased wish star hidden games. Hasil observasi pada kelompok A di RA Muslimat NU 11 Kedungkandang Kota Malang diketahui bahwa perkembangan bahasa reseptif anak tentang menulis dasar belum berkembang secara optimal.  Penyebabnya  adalah pembelajaran yang diterapkan di kelas selalu monoton, keterbatasan alat peraga dan digunakan  secara berulang-ulang membuat anak merasa mudah bosan. Kemampuan menulis dasar anak masih tergolong rendah tampak dari  sebagian besar (82,35%)  anak  belum berkembang dan baru 17,65 %   anak yang sudah berkembang dengan sangat baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan menulis dasar anak melalui permainan star hidden.  Penelitian ini menggunakan desain   penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 2 siklus dan setiap siklusnya terdiri atas 2 pertemuan. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok A di RA Muslimat NU 11 Kedungkandang Kota Malang. Hasil kemampuan menulis dasar melalui permainan star hidden pada siklus I mencapai   35,29% dan meningkat  pada siklus II menjadi 82,35%. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan permainan star hidden dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis dasar anak.
GAYA BELAJAR KINESTETIK ANAK TK MUSLIMAT NU 9 AHMAD YANI
Authors: Natalia Siska Maria , Astuti Wuri
Published: June 2020

Kinesthetic learning styles is the acquisition of learning information by touching and moving. The purpose of this study was to determine the learning process of children with kinesthetic learning styles. This research approach uses descriptive research and qualitative research. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the characteristics of playing learning FEV children are very fond of learning through touch, the advantages possessed are being actively exploring the environment, having self-confidance, and obstacles experienced by the FEV unable to focus on learning goals because they are easily disturbed by sounds or objects in around.Gaya belajar kinestetik merupakan pemerolehan informasi belajar dengan proses menyentuh dan bergerak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui proses belajar anak dengan gaya belajar kinestetik. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian bersifat deskriptif dan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bermain dan belajar anak FEV sangat menyukai belajar melalui sentuhan, kelebihan yang dimiliki adalah aktif bereksplorasi lingkungan, mempunyai rasa percaya diri dan hambatan yang dialami FEV tidak dapat fokus pada tujuan belajar karena mudah terganggu oleh suara-suara atau benda di sekitar.
Comparison of ropivacaine with magnesium sulphate and plain ropivacaine in ultrasound guided supraclavicular blocks for upper limb surgeries
Authors: Asokan Arthi , i Asokan R
Published: June 2020

In the modern era of technology and life style, non communicable disease are more prevalent with additional risk factors involved in the subjects admitted for upper limb surgeries, hence regional anesthesia techniques has gained importance. Adjuvant usage in regional anesthesia has a beneficial effect in extending the prolongation of anesthesia and hence our study aimed to compare the efficacy of 0.75% ropivacaine added with magnesium sulphate and 0.75% plain ropivacaine in ultrasound guided supraclavicular nerve blocks for upper limb surgeries. A total of 60 study subjects with 30 in each group were randomized to the study. Results obtained showed a statistically significant difference with rapid beginning and time duration of motor and sensory anesthesia in the patients who received Magnesium sulphate as adjuvant when compared to the plain ropivacaine group.
To evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine infusion versus fentanyl infusion for sedation during awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI)
Authors: Rajesh Sonsale Ashwini , Kale Jyoti
Published: June 2020

Awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI) is a great aid in an anticipated difficult airway like in maxillofacial surgeries. For providing patient’s comfort and cooperation various drugs are used. In this study we evaluated efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl for sedation during AFOI.

It is randomized prospective double blind study. It was conducted on patients electively posted for maxillofascial surgery. 60 patients were randomly divided in two groups. Group D received Dexmedetomidine 1µg/kg and Group F received Fentanyl 2µg/kg over 10 minutes. Patients from both groups were prepared with intravenous glycopyrrolate0.2mg and nebulization with 4% lidocaine 4ml. Nasal AFOI was performed with spray (10% lidocaine) as you go technique. Parameters analysed are intubation score by cough score and vocal cord movement, post intubation score, Ramsay sedation score, hemodynamics with incidence of desaturation. Also satisfaction score and time taken for intubation were compared in 2 groups.

Cough score, vocal cord movement, postintubation score, Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS), patient satisfaction score were favourable in dexmedetomidine group without much difference in time taken for intubation in both groups. Minimum hemodynamic response (p value<0.05) with less oxygen desaturation (p value< 0.05) is seen in dexmedetomidine group.

Dexmedetomidine appeared to offer better intubation condition, better tolerance to intubation with higher patient satisfaction and hemodynamic stability. Also it provides adequate sedation without desaturation making it more effective for AFOI than fentanyl.
Comparative study between ondansetron & palonosetron in prevention of post operative nausea vomiting operated under general anaesthesia: A randomised double blind study
Authors: K Singh Manish , Verma Sarvjeet , Chand Trilok
Published: June 2020

Postoperative nausea vomiting [PONV] is very common complication in patient undergoing surgery. Despite various medication and patient factors anaesthesiologists continues to face discomfort in preventing PONV. This study compares the incidence of nausea and vomiting during initial 24 h post anaesthesia, need for any rescue medication, satisfaction of patients and incidence of adverse effects between ondansetron & palonosetron.

In this study a total 60 patients of ASA I II, scheduled for open cholecystectomy, were selected and double blind randomization done in two groups, which either receive inj ondansetron 4mg or inj Palonosetron 75mcg before initiation of induction of anaesthesia. The events of nausea and vomiting and need of any rescue antiemetic drug was monitored at 0–2, 2–6, 6–24hrs and 0-24hrs after surgery. The visual analogue scale (VAS; 0, no nausea; 10, worst nausea) used to assess severity of PONV. Inj Metoclopramide 10 mg i.v. was adminstered as a rescue antiemetic. Adverse effects including headaches, dizziness, constipation and myalgia were recorded. Satisfaction on a three-point scale (satisfied, equivocal, dissatisfied) after 24 hr were recorded.

There is increased incidence of nausea & vomiting in ondansetron than palonosetron group at 0-2, 2-6, 6-24 and at 0-24 hrs with significant difference between both groups (p value<0.05). In present study the incidence of adverse effects like presence of new headache, any dizziness, complains of myalgia, constipation were found nearly similar in both groups. In ondansetron group nearly 13% patients needed rescue antiemetic whereas in palonosetron group 7% patients needed rescue antiemetic but the difference was not significant (p value>0.05). After 24 hr of surgery patients in palonosetron group were more satisfied than ondansetron group without any significant difference (p value>0.05).

Effectiveness of Palonosetron in preventing PONV found to be significantly more than that of Ondansetron. Decreased incidence of adverse effects, less need of rescue antiemetic drugs & having more patient satisfaction found in palonosetron group.
Efficacy of dexamethasone vs dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant for brachial plexus block- A randomised control trial
Authors: Kumar Chaurasiya Manoj , Kumar Arvind , Chitra  , Gautam Gynendra , Kumar Verma Anil
Published: June 2020

The brachial plexus block is an easy and relatively safe procedure for upper limb surgeries though there are different approaches to it, it is a block of roots, divisions and cords of the brachial plexus, out of which supraclavicular approach is most widely used method for anaesthesia and preoperative pain management in surgery below shoulder joint. It is performed at the trunk level where the plexus is presented most compactly. Another advantage is that it can be performed with the patient’s arm in any position to provide excellent anaesthesia for elbow, forearm and hand surgery.

Various local anaesthetic agents are used for Brachial Plexus Block but most commonly used drugs are; Bupivacaine, and Lignocaine. Bupivacaine is long acting whereas Lignocaine is short acting drug. Novel adjuncts studied to date include butorphanol, buperonorphine, dexamethasone, Clonidine, Neostigmine, Tramadol, Midazolam, Dexmedetomidine etc.

Dexmedetomidine is an anxiolytic sedative and analgesic agent, it is a selective α2 – adrenoreceptor agonist and is approximately 8 times more potent than clonidine. It was superior to clonidine also in quality for anesthesia in tourniquet tolerance, and postoperative analgesia and it is notable for its ability to provide sedation without risk of respiratory depression and can provide cooperative or semi arousable sedation.

The mechanism by which αadrenergic receptor agonists produce analgesia is likely to be multifactorial. Peripherally αadrenergic agonists produce analgesia by reducing the release of norepinephrine and αreceptor independent inhibitory effect on nerve fibre action potential.

Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies show that the glucocorticoid dexamethasone appears to be effective as adjuvant to local anesthetics since it posses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. In addition, perineural injection of steroid does influence post operative analgesia. This study was done to compare the adjuvant effect of dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine, when aded with local anesthetics in Supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

It was a prospective randomized control trial conducted for 18 months in LLR hospital Kanpur. 90 patients of ASA grade 1 and 2 aged more than 18 yrs of either sex were included and Thirty patients were randomly divided in each of the three groups and observations were made regarding hemodynamic changes such as HR, MAP, SPO2 and onset of sensory, motor block and duration of motor, sensory effect. Student t test and analysis of variance were the methods used for analysis.

Additions of injection dexamethasone and injection dexmedetomidine with lignocaine markedly prolonged duration of sensory and motor block however duration of injection dexmedetomidine was found to be longer as compared to dexamethasone.

Dexmedetomidine has longer duration of motor and sensory effect when used as an adjuvent as compared to dexamethasone.
Comparison of the effect of cisatracurium with or without magnesium pretreatment on neuromuscular blockade and hemodynamics, in cardiac surgery patients on cardiopulmonary bypass at SMS medical college
Authors: Saqib Naqvi Syed , Saiyed Anjum
Published: June 2020

An ideal neuromuscular blocking agent should have a high degree of potency, rapid onset of action and short duration of action. It should not cause haemodynamic changes through releasing histamine, ganglion block, anti-muscarinic effects on heart or sympathomimetic action.This study was designed to compare the effect of cisatracurium with or without magnesium pretreatment on neuromuscular blockade and hemodynamics in cardiac surgery patients on cardiopulmonary bypass with objective to assess and compare intubation conditions and timing of intubation in minutes and assess and compare clinical duration of blockade, haemodaynamics variable and side effect if any.

Hospital based, prospective, randomized double blind observational study. Total 60 patients included in the study (30 in each group). Group A Pretreatment with mgso 4(50mg/kg BW in 100ml NS 10 mints before general anesthesia (GA) and muscle relaxant injection Cisatracurium 0.2mg/kg. Group B received 100ml NS 10 mints before general anesthesia (GA) and muscle relaxant injection Cisatracurium 0.2mg/kg.

The mean onset of action of injection cis-atracurium after intubating dose in group A was 4. 27+/1.68 minutes as compared to 5.48+/-1 minutes in group B(p-value<0.001) which showed that onset of action was significantly less in group A as compared to group B. Duration of action of intubating dose of cisatracurium was prolonged by pre-treatment of Mgso4. Haemodynamic parameters were comparable and there was no statistically significant difference among both the groups. No side effect reported in our study.
Comparative study of etomidate and fentanyl citrate with propofol (1%) and fentanyl citrate for total intravenous anaesthesia in short surgical procedures
Authors: Kumar Jha Raushan , Gulamdastagir Momin Atikahmed , A Bhade Madhuri
Published: June 2020

Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is a combination of Induction agents, analgesic drugs and muscle relaxants, excluding simultaneous administration of any inhaled drugs. This study has major objective, to determine the efficacy of Etomidate and Propofol (1%) as anaesthetic induction agents in terms of Induction time, maintenance doses requirements and Recovery parameters. This study suggests that both Etomidate–Fentanyl citrate and propofol (1%)–Fentanyl citrate produced smooth induction, easy maintenance and quick recovery with only minor hemodynamic fluctuations makes them excellent combinations as TIVA technique. Etomidate is preferred over Propofol (1%) especially for hemodynamically unstable patients because of minimal effects on cardiovascular and respiratory system. hypotension and pain on injection was observed more frequently with Propofol (1%) while myoclonus with Etomidate. With these observations in mind and careful selection of patients, both agents appear similarly safe for use in elective and short surgical procedures.
MICROECONOMIC IMPACT OF REMITTANCES AT THE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN A REMITTANCE RECEIVING COUNTRY, BANGLADESH
Authors: Hossain Md. Shahadat , Chin Lee , Said Rusmawati , Binti Ishak Suryati
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to investigate the microeconomic impact of remittances at the household level in Bangladesh, which is one of the top remittance receiver’s countries in the world. The microeconomic factors, which have been include in this research, are per Capital consumption, per Capital food expenditure, poverty rate, health expenditure, education expenditure, and calorie intake.
Methodology: The propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique has been applied to present the issue of self-selection associated with the migration decision and the scope of the receiving remittances. Based on the survey results of Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2016 conducted in Bangladesh, this study includes the Microeconomic impact of remittances on the household level in Bangladesh including some variables such as the size of household, food calorie, expenditure on health and education, etc.
Main Findings: Results show that the remittances have a significant microeconomic impact at the household level in Bangladesh. However, some of the findings are consistent with previous studies, while some others are not. Implications of the study have been discussed along with the concluding remarks.
Applications of this study: The study can be useful for the government and house decision-makers to utilize the remittances sent by expatriates at the household level.
Novelty/Originality of this study: There are no recent studies on the microeconomic impact of remittances at the household level in Bangladesh using the most recent survey, i.e. Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2016. Previous studies were conducted based on Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010. Hence, this study contributes to the body of knowledge with recent variations on the microeconomic impact of remittances at the household level in a remittance-receiving country.
THE EFFECT OF MACROECONOMIC & BANK SPECIFIC FACTORS ON BANKS PROFITABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM BANKING INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Sultan Khurram , Rzgar Ahmed Ramyar , Mohammad Ameen Fairoz , Singh Mamta
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: In the emerging environment of the banking sector, profitability is the main principle of the banks.The objective of this study to scrutinize the impact of banks on specific indicators such as asset size, credit risk, capital adequacy, and macroeconomic indicator such as the interest rate on the profitability of banks. Profitability is usually shown as a function of internal and external determinants.

Methodology: To consider the determinants of bank’s profitability panel data has been used from 2003 to 2018 which belongs to 17 commercial banks for VIF, LSDVM, and Hausman test. The data is collected from the secondary source through financial reports of the banks. The dependent variable is ROE and the independent variables are in two categories bank-Specific variables and macroeconomic variables and analysis has been carried out in E-views software.

Main Findings: The results reveal that the micro-economic factors that are deposits, asset quality, asset size, and liquidity have a significant impact on the bank’s profitability. While macro-economic factor gross domestic product (GDP) has a positive impact on the bank’s efficiency. However capital adequacy ratio, inflation has a negative effect on the bank’s profitability. Ours inspects give the conclusion that the bank's profitability being resolute by the significantly considered the above factors.

Application of this study: This study contributes toward the banking sector for policymakers in order to construct the best capital configuration of the firm. This study also suggests that which element is having more importance while making capital configuration for the firm.

The originality of this study: Profitability is usually shown as a function of internal and external determinants. The number of studies is available related to other industries but fewer studies are available related to the banking sector of Pakistan so this research work provides the technique while making the best profitability configuration for banks of Pakistan.
Cáncer del cervix y sus factores de riesgo estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Zuloaga Posada Luz , Soto Vélez Cecilia
Published: June 2020

Estudio de casos y controles realizado en 81 pacientes con cáncer de cuello uterino, diagnosticados en el Hospital San Vicente de Paúl de la ciudad de Medellín y 162 controles, mujeres con informe de citología negativa o grados I ó II sin atipias procesadas en el mismo hospital. El 88.99% eran cáncer invasor, 9.88% cáncer insitu. Como factores de riesgo se estudiaron las siguientes variables: edad, procedencia; edad a la primera relación sexual, primer embarazo la menarquia ; multiparidad, consumo de anovulatorios, infecciones genitales, abortos, trastorno menstrual y antecedentes familiares. De ellos sólo se analizaron las seis primeras variables en Ias cuales el índice de respuesta fue similar para casos y controles. Se encontró asociación estadística con las variables de procedencia, edad a primera relación sexual y el primer embarazo y multiparidad. Como estadígrafo de contraste se usó una diferencia de proporciones y promedios y un nivel de significancia de 0.05.
Trastornos psicosomáticos en ginecología y obstetricia
Authors: Aramburo  Restrepo José A.
Published: June 2020

Similar situación a la de mi paciente imaginaria se me plantea en el momento de tratar de analizar el tema que me propongo revisar. Los conflictos y reacciones humanas, ante un medio difícil y hostil, son tan variados y diversos que hacen que los trastornos psicosomáticos sean igualmente múltiples y de muy diferentes facetas. Cada cultura, cada época, cada raza, cada región, cada individuo, es una unidad distinta de las demás y por lo tanto de reacciones particulares. "El hombre normal no tiene peculiaridades físicas ni mentales que lo diferencien de los demás, pero este hombre, no existe"
Aborto hospitalario en Bogotá
Authors: Medina Murillo Jorge E. , López-Escobar Guillermo
Published: June 2020

La importancia que el aborto tiene en el campo de la salud colombiana no se ha escapado a los especialistas en Ginecología y Obstetricia en la última década; así en la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Medicina, ASCOFAME, durante la década de los 60, se hicieron algunos estudios sobre el aborto en comunidades específicas del país (1) y más tarde, se diseñó un estudio metodológico en combinación con CELADE-PEAL (2), (3). Posteriormente, en los Congresos Nacionales de Ginecología y Obstetricia celebrados en Manizales (4) , Barranquilla (5) y Medellín (6), el tema del aborto ha ocupado puesto central en los programas científicos.
Encuesta de actitudes sobre el aborto y su legislación
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: June 2020

Se presentan los resultados de la encuesta enviada a 2.557 médicos de Bogotá con el fin de conocer sus actitudes y opiniones relacionadas con el aborto. La encuesta fue respondida por 648 médicos lo cual corresponde al 25,3% de los encuestados, y por esta razón no puede asegurarse que la posición de todos los médicos de Bogotá sean necesariamente similar. Sin embargo, este estudio constituye el primer esfuerzo importante para conocer la posición de los médicos de Bogotá, con respecto a un tema de gran actualidad.Con relación a la legislación vigente el 10.7% opinó que se mantuviera igual o se hiciera más restrictiva. El 89.3% piensa que debe hacerse menos restrictiva. Respecto a la actitud de los médicos ante la práctica del aborto se encontró que el 10% nunca lo practicaría, el 60% lo remitiría a otros médicos para que lo practicaran y el 25% sí lo practicaría." El 91% considera que el aborto es un problema muy grave de salud que puede prevenirse con programas masivos de educación y servicios de planificación familiar. En conclusión podemos afirmar que a pesar de los esfuerzos que se han realizado para estudiar problemas asociados con el aborto, son pocas las respuestas a muchos de los interrogantes que tanto los estudiosos como el estado se plantean. El estudio que ahora se entrega presenta una pauta importante sobre el tema ya que se hace el intento de conocer la opinión de uno de los sectores al que corresponde una participación más directa en el estudio, prevención y soluciones al problema. En este sentido la encuesta desarrollada por la Sociedad Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología, constituye un aporte al conocimiento del tema.
Carcinoma cervical intraepitelial
Authors: Barros P. Franco , Gallego N. Gildardo
Published: June 2020

Del estudio de costos 145 casos vistos en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, de mayo de 1970 a Abril de 1973 se puede concluir: los grupos de edad de mayor incidencia son los comprendidos entre los 25 y 49 años, presentándose en este estudio a partir de los 20 años, pero pudiendo encontrarse desde antes de esta edad. La edad temprana de la iniciación de las relaciones sexuales parece jugar un papel importante en la génesis de ésta neoplasia ya que se encontró que el 56% la habían iniciado antes de los 17 años y el 85.4% lo habían hecho antes de los 21 años.El 11.9% de citologías sospechosas pone de manifiesto una vez más la importancia de continuar estudiando las nacientes con este hallazgo. El porcentaje de falla del 5.03% para diagnosticar Ca. invasor, al pasarlo por alto en la biopsia y encontrarlo en la pieza quirúrgica del cono o de la histectomia, nos pone de presente la necesidad de fomentar el uso de un método más refinado como la colposcopia para reducir este porcentaje de error en el tejido estudiado, ya que sería poco práctico volver a hacer conización a todas las pacientes con diagnóstico de Ca. de in situ en la biopsia.El seguimiento por más de 2 años fué del 76.6% y por más de 5 años en el 39.8%, siendo negativo en todos los caso. Aún cuando sea difícil es preciso tratar de mejorarlo en lo posible.
Acción del fenoterol sobre la contractilidad del útero humano grávido
Authors: Cifuentes Rodrigo , Mora Jaime Dario
Published: June 2020

Se estudió el efecto de un fármaco estimulante selectivo de los receptores beta-2 sobre la contractilidad uterina en un grupo de 20 mujeres con embarazo entre 26 y 41 semanas de amenorrea.Todas las pacientes recibieron fenoterol por vía sublingual a las dosis única de 10 mgr. En la mitad de los casos se realizó registro continuo de contractilidad uterina y frecuencia cardíaca fetal. La presión arterial y frecuencia cardíaca maternas se controlaron por métodos convencionales. Se analizaron cuantitativamente los registros antes y después de la administración del fármaco. En la mayoría de los casos se encontró una disminución estadísticamente significativa de los parámetros de contractilidad uterina analizados, así como ligera elevación en la frecuencia cardíaca materna y fetal.Finalmente, se sugiere el empleo del fenoterol en aquellas entidades en que esté indicado hacer inhibición de la contractilidad uterina, ya que por su acción selectiva sobre los adrenoceptores beta-2, se obtiene un buen efecto útero-inhibidor con mínimos efectos cardiovasculares .
Síndrome de ovario anarogénico
Authors: Gómez T. Gustavo , De Zuluaga Alba Lucía
Published: June 2020

El síndrome conocido como Ovario Poliquístico fue descrito inicialmente por Stein y Leventhal en 1935 (1), quienes correlacionaron trastornos menstruales consistentes en oligomenorrea, historia de infertilidad, ovarios grandes e hirsutismo, y un cuadro ovárico histológico característico. Años más tarde Goldzieher y Green revisaron y publicaron 1.079 casos de síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico en el cual informaron una gama grande de síntomas en que predominan infertilidad, hirsutismo y amenorrea (2) . Más recientemente se ha propuesto diferenciar entre el grupo de pacientes con esta sintomatología que pudiera corresponder a este síndrome y la hipertecosis ovárica, que presenta una sintomatología similar, con un cuadro ovárico histológico diferente y una respuesta distinta al tratamiento (3) .
Resúmenes de literatura nacional
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: June 2020

Radiologia vs. Laparoscopia en la consulta de esterilidad William Onatra, Víctor Jiménez, Miguel Neira y Eduardo CáceresDistribucion comunitaria de anticonceptivos: una experiencia exitosa en programas de planificacion familiar en Colombia Alberto RizoReconstruccion de vagina Felipe Coiffman
Inhibición de la contractilidad del útero menstrual con cuatro fármacos beta-adrenérgicos
Authors: Cifuentes B. Rodrigo , Cobo Edgard
Published: June 2020

En 40 mujeres voluntarias, con ciclos menstruales regulares, se efectuó un estu- dio comparativo del efecto de 4 fármacos beta-adrenérgicos administrados por vía sublingual, durante la menstruación. Los fármacos y dosis utilizados fueron: Orci- prenalina (40 mgr), Partusistén (10 mgr) , Salbutamol (8 mgr) e lsoxsuprina(40 mgr). Se cuantificó actividades uterina y diurética antes y después de la administración de cada fármaco. Con todos, se objetivó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en los diferentes parametros de la contractilidad uterina analizados. Sin embargo, a las dosis empleadas en este trabajo, con el Partusistén y la lsoxsuprina se obtuvo más rápidamente la mitad del efecto útero-inhibidor deseado. Los efectos cardiovasculares fueron mínimos y bien tolerados por las pacientes.Los anteriores resultados constituyen otro aporte respecto del papel que desempeña el sistema nervioso adrenérgico en la regulación de la contractilidad del útero humano durante la menstruación.
Bloqueo para-cervical durante el trabajo de parto
Authors: Mutis M. Mario
Published: June 2020

1. Se practicó infiltración para-cervical con Bupivacaína (Marcaína) al 0.5% y al 1:200.000 de adrenalina, a 50 pacientes en el servicio de obstetricia del Hospital Universitario Ramón González Valencia y del ISS. 2 . La edad promedio fue de 21.6 años.3. La paridad entre G 1 y G 3.4. No hubo ninguna complicación seria lo que demuestra la nobleza del método y la droga.5. No se presentó ninguna muerte fetal y Apgar fue alto.6. El promedio del tiempo anestésico fue de 157' cuando se infiltraron 14 ce . de la droga , promedio éste que se puede aumentar al aplicar 20 ce, lo que demuestra una buena duración que justifica el método.7. Es un método sencillo, barato y rápido que no requiere gran experiencia y que se puede realizar en cualquier lugar del país.
Embarazo y prostitución en adolescentes.
Authors: Duarte Contreras Alberto
Published: June 2020

Al revisar las historias de 1752 embarazos en adolescentes muy jóvenes (11 a 15 años), observamos que 40 ejercían la prostitución. La prostitución a ésta edad siempre es clandestina y migratoria. Ninguna tuvo control prenatal. Todas presentaron una o más complicaciones durante su gestación. El 52.4% era primigrávidas, pero solamente el 37.4% tuvieron su primer parto. El aborto se presentó en el 60%: provocado en el 29.1. El 62.5 % de los abortos fueron sépticos. Hubo dos embarazos molares. El 43.7% de los partos fueron prematuros y el 37.5% fueron espontáneos; de los intervenidos, el 53.9% lo fueron por cesárea. El 62.5% de los productos tuvo peso inferior a los 2.500 g. La morbilidad neonatal fué de 57.1%. La mortalidad perinatal fue del 43.7%. Las malformaciones congénitas ascendieron al 25%. El alto índice de malformaciones congénitas puede deberse, en parte, a las serias complicaciones no tratadas durante el embarazo, como a los vicios y hábitos inherentes a esta "profesión". Se hace hincapié en que el ejercicio de la prostitución potencializar el alto riesgo que de por sí ya tiene el embarazo en adolescentes muy jóvenes tanto para la madre como para su producto. Se dan conclusiones.
Editorial
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: June 2020

Como lo ha visto el lector, con poco menos de un año de labores, completamos los treinta años de edición ininterrumpida en el campo científico de la especialidad.
Editorial
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: June 2020

Desde el Primer Congreso de Obstetricia y Ginecología celebrado hace veintiséis años y el Cuarto Latino Americano hace diecisiete  respectivamente; la ciudad Capital de Colombia, no había adquirido el compromiso de celebrar un Congreso Nacional o Internacional de la especialidad. Tales anotación es las hacemos, creyéndolas de interés para los lectores de la REVISTA.
Aspectos sociales de la Ginecología y la Obstetricia
Authors: Sánchez Torres Fernando
Published: June 2020

En junio de 1963 se reunió en Ginebra un Comité de Expertos en Higiene Materno infantil convocado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud para examinar los as· pectos sociales de la enseñanza de la obstetricia y la ginecología. Dicho Comité, para dar comienzo a su tarea, manifestó entender por "aspectos sociales de la obstetricia y la ginecología aquellos aspectos de la vida individual y colectiva que influyen sobre la capacidad, los hábitos y la eficacia de una población en materia de reproducción, así como sobre la salud y la asistencia médica de las mujeres, especialmente en lo que se refiere a su aparato reproductor". Siendo más explícito el Comité añadió que "en la expresión vida colectiva no solo se incluyen las condiciones sociales, económicas y nutrológicas, sino también los sistemas de valores culturales y las aspiraciones y satisfacciones que influyen en el comportamiento conyugal y familiar".
Estudio de la pareja estéril en el Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio
Authors: Peralta Abello María Teresa , Revollo Pardo Francisco , García Conti Francisco
Published: June 2020

Se hace una revisión estadística sobre 347 matrimonios que consultaron por esterilidad al Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá́ en un lapso de 10 años. Debido principalmente, al bajo nivel económico, solamente 232 parejas (66.9%) tuvieron estudio y 166 (71.5%) recibieron tratamiento. Se encontró́ a factor esposa responsable de la esterilidad en 69%, al factor marido en 26% y a la "pareja normal esteril" en 5%. La causa más frecuente en la mujer fué las infecciones vagino-cervicales y en el hombre las oligospermias secundarias a prostatitis. Se obtuvo 33.7% de embarazos de los cuales 10.7% terminaron en aborto. Fetos vivos a término se obtuvieron en el 85.7% del total de embarazos.
Editorial
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: June 2020

Día a día observamos los médicos, la revisión de conceptos terapéuticos; y así como la antibioterapia preventiva por ejemplo, los controles sistemáticos radiológicos (sin base clínica) se ponen cada vez más en tela de juicio.
Resumen de revistas
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: June 2020

Radiografia toracica sistematica en el embarazo

El nuevo compuesto antifertil masculino - gossypol

El cuidado de pacientes farmadependientes y del hijo
Infección postoperatoria en cirugía ginecológica mayor por vía vaginal
Authors: Caicedo H. Alvaro
Published: June 2020

Se estudiaron tres grupos de pacientes hospitalizados para cirugía ginecológica mayor denominados con las letras A, B y C.Al grupo A se le administró ampicilina preoperatoria.Al B Ampicilina post-operatoria y al C no se le da antibióticos. Se concluye que en todos los grupos hubo infección urinaria después de retirar la sonda de Foley con alta resistencia al antibiótico usado.La infección vaginal post-operatoria ocurrió en más de la cuarta parte de las pacientes.Se concluyó que el antibiótico utilizado no es adecuado para éste tipo de intervención y que todo antibiótico utilizado en cirugía ginecológica, debe ser con fines terapéuticos y no profilácticos.
El sulfato de magnesio en hijo de madre toxémica
Authors: Rey Humberto , Cifuentes Rodrigo , Miranda Reinaldo , Quintero Carlos A.
Published: June 2020

Se estudió el efecto en el recien nacido del Sulfato de magnesia administrados a madres toxemicas durante el trabajo del parto. Se tomaron treinta y  cinco madres toxemias y cuarenta normales con los niños nacidos de ellas. Las madres toxemicas recbieron sulfato de magnesia a razón de 800 a 100 mgrs por hora, por 6-24 horas. Se determinó magnesia, cuando había más de 5 ctms de dilatación cervical, obteniéndose un promedio de 2,89 -1.54 mEq/L. El grupo control tuvo un Mg. sérico de 1.39-0.18 mEq/L. En los recién nacidos los niveles de magnesio fueron de 2,72-1,25 mEq/L y 1.52-0,23mEq/L para los hijos de toxemicas y controles respectivamente. El 65,7% de los hijos de toxemicas tuvo magnesio en el cordón umbilical en cantidad mayor de 2 mEq/L. Comparando los índices de Apgar al minuto y a los cinco minutos , en tanto el grupo de ños con magnesio sérico alto, como en el normal se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. el 20% de los hijos de toxemicas to algún tipo de patología a las 24 horas
IMPLEMENTASI TEORI MAQASHID SYARI`AH ASY-SYATIBI DALAM MUAMALAH KONTEMPORER
Authors: Mansyur Zaenudin
Published: June 2020

Maqashid Syariah Asy-Syatibi is one of the tools to monitor and balance the contemporary reality wherever and whenever. This is because the goal is very universal and can be recorded in various aspects of life, including traditional and contemporary muamalah practices. In contemporary practice, the use of Maqashid Syariah is inseparable from Muslim’s needs so it can be implemented in soul maintenance (hifz an-nafs); e.g. from the threat of death in the practice of trading gecko’s bile which is is believed to cure HIV AIDS. Another implementation is asset protection (hifz al-mal) in the practice of sharia insurance and sharia Reksa Dana (mutual fund). This can guarantee that one’s property will return according to mutual agreement if there is an unfortunate condition. Furthermore, the implementation of Maqashid Syariah Asy-Syatibi can encourage the hifz al-mal by financing through the trading practice using internet, telephone, WhatsApp, Instagram, and SMS.

Maqashid Syariah Asy-Syatibi merupakan salah satu alat untuk meneropong dan mengimbangi realitas kontemporer itu di mana dan kapan saja. Ini karena tujuannya sangat universal dan bisa terekam dalam berbagi aspek kehidupan, termasuk dalam praktik muamalah tradisional maupun kontemporer. Dalam praktik kontemporer, penggunaan Maqashid Syariah tidak lepas dari kebutuhan Muslim sehingga diimplementasikan dalam pemeliharaan jiwa (hifz an-nafs); seperti dari ancaman kematian dalam praktik jual-beli empedu tokek yang berkhasiat menyembuhkan HIV AIDS. Implementasi lainnya ialah penjagaan harta (hifz al-mal) yang terekam dalam praktik asuransi syariah maupun reksadana syariah. Ini dapat menjamin harta seseorang akan kembali sesuai perjanjian yang telah disepakati jika terjadi musibah. Selanjutnya implementasi maqashid Syari`ah Asy-Syatibi itu dapat mendorong terpeliharanya harta (hifz al-mal) dengan cara pembiayaan melalui praktik jual beli dengan menggunakan via internet, telepon, WhatsApp, Instagram, dan SMS.
STRENGTHENING BAZNAS AS THE SOCIETY’S TRUSTED ZAKAT AGENCY TO INCREASE THE WELFARE OF UMMAH
Authors: Al-Fatih Sholahuddin
Published: June 2020

Zakat potential in Indonesia reaches IDR 252 trillion per year. With the amount of 202 million Muslims, this can alleviate poverty in Indonesia. However, zakat has not been optimized by the government. This is indicated by the low tax revenue which is around USD 86 Million per month or IDR 2.8 Trillion per year. Low zakat collection is partly caused by the lack of trust to zakat management institutions (called LPZ), LPZ’s professionalism, and zakat direct distribution by muzakki to mustahik. In addition, people worry that their funds will be corrupted. It is because corruption is closely related to government’s image; shown by abundant cases of corruption involving well-known figures. This article discusses the role of zakat in alleviating poverty and reinforcing Baznas as public’s reliable Amil Zakat Institution (BAZ). The result indicated that the professionalism of services and management of BAZ and LAZ can be created by improving their performance to gain community trust. One effort of empowering BAZ as public trust is through the internal and external reinforcement. Baznas internal reinforcement can be done by tightening Human Resource recruitment and assessment by national and international accreditation agencies. Meanwhile, external reinforcement is done by creating innovation and program rebranding.

Potensi zakat di Indonesia cukup tinggi dan mencapai Rp. 252 triliun per tahun. Dengan 202 juta populasi Muslim, potensi zakat dapat membantu mengurangi kemiskinan di Indonesia. Namun, zakat belum dapat dioptimalkan oleh pemerintah. Ini ditunjukkan oleh pendapatan pajak yang rendah sekitar USD 86 juta per bulan atau IDR 2,8 triliun per tahun. Pengumpulan zakat yang rendah sebagian disebabkan oleh tingkat kepercayaan publik terhadap lembaga pengelolaan zakat (LPZ), profesionalisme LPZ dan distribusi zakat langsung oleh muzakki ke mustahik. Selain itu, masyarakat khawatir dana zakat yang disetorkan akan dikorupsi. Hal ini terjadi karena korupsi sangat berkaitan dengan imej pemerintah; terbukti dengan banyaknya kasus korupsi yang melibatkan tokoh-tokoh penting di pemerintahan. Artikel ini membahas peran zakat dalam pengentasan kemiskinan dan penguatan Baznas sebagai Badan Amil Zakat (BAZ) kepercayaan publik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa profesionalisme layanan serta manajemen BAZ dan LAZ dapat diciptakan dengan meningkatkan kinerja mereka untuk mendapatkan kepercayaan dari masyarakat. Salah satu upaya memberdayakan BAZ sebagai kepercayaan publik adalah melalui penguatan internal dan eksternal. Penguatan internal Baznas dapat dilakukan dengan memperketat rekrutmen SDM dan penilaian oleh lembaga akreditasi nasional dan internasional. Sementara penguatan eksternal dibuat dengan inovasi dan rebranding program.
Upokorzenie
Authors: Margalit Avishai , Liszka Katarzyna
Published: June 2020

przekład
Üniversite öğrenci ve çalışanlarının çevre duyarlılığının saptanması: Akdeniz Üniversitesi (Antalya) örneği
Authors: MANSUROĞLU Sibel , DAĞ Veysel
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gelecekte sosyal, politik, ekonomik ve akademik sektörlerin dinamiklerini karar verici ya da uygulayıcı pozisyonunda oluşturacak olan Akdeniz Üniversitesi öğrencileri ve onların gelişmesi ve yetişmesinde dolaylı ve/veya doğrudan rol oynayan çalışanların çevre sorunlarına karşı duyarlılığını saptamak ve bu duyarlılığın arttırılabilmesi için çeşitli öneriler geliştirmektir.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırma alanı, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin çevre duyarlılığının saptanmasında kullanılan görüşme kılavuzları çalışmanın ana materyalini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma alanı içerisinde yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile lisans düzeyinde öğrenim gören 400 öğrenci ile 400 çalışan (akademik ve idari) olmak üzere 800 kişi ile anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS20 programı aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmede değişkenlerin karşılaştırılmasını sağlayan ve ikili değişkenin karşılıklı alt seçeneklerini birlikte gösteren çapraz çizelgeler kullanılmıştır.

Araştırma Bulguları: Akdeniz Üniversitesi çalışanları ve öğrencilerinin ortalama çevresel duyarlılık düzeyleri 66,8 olarak saptanmıştır. Bu puan “orta düzey”in üst kısmında bir çevresel duyarlılığa eşittir. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin ortalama çevresel bilinç düzeyi 77,9 puan, ortalama çevresel tutum düzeyi ise 55,7 puandır.

Sonuç: Üniversite öğrencileri ve çalışanları ile yapılan bu araştırmada bireylerin çevresel bilinç, tutum ve duyarlılıklarının beklenen düzeyin altında olduğu saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların çevresel tutum düzeyinin düşük olması, çevre konularındaki eğitimin yetersizliğine, çevre sorunlarının doğuracağı sonuçlar konusundaki bilgi ve tecrübe eksikliğine ve toplumsal tepki göstermedeki yetersizliğe bağlı olduğu düşünülmektedir.
The Relationship Between Vegetarian Diet and The Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Andrianto A. , Gunadi R. I.
Published: June 2020

Background. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death in developed countries whereas most cases can be prevented by addressing behavioral risk factors, such as unhealthy diet. Vegetarian dietary patterns reduce CHD risk and mortality by 40%. The Framingham Heart Study on Hard CHD calculates a 10-year risk assessment with six predictors, two of which are lipid profile types. Aims. To discover the relationship between vegetarian diet and the risk of coronary heart disease, we did a cross-sectional analytical observation in North Jakarta using 30 healthy vegetarians and 30 healthy non-vegetarians aged of 20-34 years in 2010. Framingham Heart Study on Hard CHD 10-year risk assessments were done on both groups. Methods. Results were compared and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Spearman correlation tests. Results. Mann-Whitney U test showed significant differences on total cholesterol and total FHS risk points (p-value 0.000; pvalue 0.000). Spearman correlation analysis on total risk points confirms a moderate negative degree for vegetarian diet and CHD risk (r = -0.525, p-value 0.000). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between vegetarian diet and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease in 20-34 years of age.