bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Optimization of Permanent Magnet Clutch with Ārtap Framework
Authors: Andriushchenko Ekaterina , Kaska Jan , Kallaste Ants , Belahcen Anouar , Vaimann Toomas , Rassõlkin Anton
Published: March 2021

So far, Permanent Magnet (PM) clutches have been broadly used as torque transmission devices. With the aim of effective utilization of materials and energy in the manufacturing of PM clutches, design optimization has been widely applied. Generally, PM clutches are optimized applying linear dimensions as optimization parameters. On the contrary, optimization of PM clutch shapes has not been done extensively. Therefore, this paper performs optimization of PM clutch shapes with the following objectives: maximum tangential attraction force and minimum volume of utilized materials. To form optimal shapes, the points on the clutch surface are chosen as optimization parameters. The optimization is carried out using Ārtap framework in connection with COMSOL software, where the 3D model of the clutch has been created. After the optimization, the tangential attraction force has increased by 13 % and the volume of the clutch has been reduced by 24 %. Although the obtained shapes appear to be highly intricate, it does not pose an obstacle for modern manufacturing techniques.
Lexical variation in the language of the Ukrainian press of the 1920s-1940s
Authors:   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Shvedova M. O.
Published: March 2021

The paper presents a comparative corpus-based research of the vocabulary in the Ukrainian newspapers of the interwar period and the first Post–World War II years. The research aims to show the ways in which a new lexical norm for journalism was formed in 1940s. The paper envisages this new norm with regard to the influence of the Western and the Eastern Ukrainian language standards and of the Russian influence as well. Three corpora of newspaper texts have been built that represent different variants of Standard Ukrainian: 1) the Soviet newspaper texts of 1919–1933 up to the end of the Ukrainization; 2) the Western Ukrainian pre-Soviet and ‟inter-Soviet” newspaper texts of 1937–1943; 3) the Western Ukrainian Soviet newspaper texts of 1939–1946. For each of these, frequency lists were built. Our conclusions are based on comparing these lists. We have built a table showing changes (including frequency changes) within 120 semantic fields of synonyms. Our research showed that the new lexical norm that was formed in the Soviet journalism of 1940s had an Eastern Ukrainian basis. The regional Western vocabulary attested in the pre-Soviet and ‟inter-Soviet” Western Ukrainian newspapers had almost no trace in the new lexical norm. Neither did the Western lexical units that remind the Russian ones (upadok ʽdecline’, oba ʽboth’ etc.), a fact showing that the growth of the Russian influence was implemented only with the support of the Eastern variant. Several changes are attested within the synonymous fields (more often they shrink) and changes in the frequency of different synonyms, more often favouring the cognates of Russian words, although some cases go against this tendency. The Ukrainian language as attested in the Soviet newspaper texts of the 1940s keeps the bulk of its lexical basis; the Russification trend is superficial and in many cases rather brief. As it is shown by comparing the vocabulary of these texts with the modern norm, many Russian borrowings of the 1930s and 1940s did not find their way into the standard language.
Характеристика основних чинників впливу на розвиток міжнародного співробітництва України з питань митної справи
Authors: Слободян В. В.
Published: March 2021

Практика міжнародного співробітництва свідчить, що найпоширенішими засобами співпраці в міжнародній сфері є укладання міжнародних угод та участь держав у роботі митних союзів та міжнародних митних організацій. Використовуючи ці засоби, країни можуть дійти компромісу між собою та суттєво вплинути на розвиток митної справи всередині держави. Тому у статті досліджено особливості міжнародного співробітництва України з питань митної справи, детально наведено та досліджено основні фактори впливу на розвиток міжнародного співробітництва, спрямованого на реалізацію зовнішньополітичного курсу України та підтримку економічних відносин з міжнародними організаціями.
Митні делікти у сфері міжнародних поштових та експрес-відправлень: сутність, формування і класифікація
Authors: Фрадинський О. А.
Published: March 2021

Стаття присвячена питанням дослідження митних правопорушень у сфері міжнародного поштового обміну та експрес-відправлень. Зроблено висновок, що митні делікти у цій сфері є відносно новим різновидом митних правопорушень, який сформувався завдяки виникненню й розвитку міжнародного поштового обміну та полягає у здійсненні контрабандних дій і порушень митних правил із використанням засобів та можливостей поштового обміну та експрес-перевезень визначення митного делікту. Обгрунтовано доцільність виокремлення передумов їх вчинення на універсальні (притаманні для усієї митної системи) та специфічні (які несуть у собі ознаки, що випливають із особливостей функціонування міжнародного поштового обміну).
Кримінальна відповідальність за прийняття пропозиції, обіцянки або одержання неправомірної вигоди службовою особою
Authors: Мотовилець В. В.
Published: March 2021

Стаття присвячена питанням кримінально-правової кваліфікації прийняття пропозиції, обіцянки або одержання неправомірної вигоди службовою особою. Ефективна протидія корупційним злочинам неможлива також без глибокого та послідовного наукового забезпечення, передусім без об’єктивного аналізу факторів, що породжують явище корупційних правопорушень та реальної оцінки здійснюваних превентивних заходів.Рівень правового забезпечення процесу боротьби з хабарництвом у нашій державі також не можна визнати належним. Одним з актуальних питань здійснення правильної кримінально-правової кваліфікації прийняття пропозиції, обіцянки або одержання неправомірної вигоди службовою особою є достатність переліку службових осіб, які займають особливо відповідальне становище, а також достатніх правових можливостей для використання матеріалів оперативно-розшукового характеру.
Структурно-організаційне забезпечення митниць у сфері розпорядження майном, що переходить у власність держави за порушення митного законодавства
Authors: Романюк У. В.
Published: March 2021

Стаття присвячена питанням структурно-організаційного забезпечення митниць у сфері розпорядження майном, що переходить у власність держави за порушення митного законодавства. Зроблено висновки про ряд проблем, які характеризують функціонування митниць у вказаній сфері. Запропоновано напрями вирішення цих проблем: створення відповідної структурно-організаційної одиниці в митних органах; наділення її посадових осіб належним колом функцій та повноважень; застосування до посадових осіб підрозділу з питань розпорядження майном, що переходить у власність держави за порушення митного законодавства, поряд із негативною мотивацією позитивної.
Percepção dos alunos do curso técnico em desenvolvimento de sistemas após vivências com o método de ensino peer instruction
Authors: Fonseca Jessé Gonçalves , Brito Carlos Alexandre Felício
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho discute e apresenta resultados de um experimento realizado no componente de Algoritmos e Programação do Curso Técnico Profissionalizante em Desenvolvimento de Sistemas de uma escola pública, utilizando a metodologia ativa de aprendizagem Peer Instruction (Instrução por Pares). A prática docente tem como objetivo desenvolver a participação ativa e protagonista dos alunos durante as aulas de Algoritmos e Programação, através de um método de ensino ativo, no qual desenvolve os métodos colaborativos, permitindo a  socialização dos saberes em um tempo reduzido, facilitando a formação necessário ao aluno do ensino técnico profissional, para que no futuro coloque em prática as suas competências, habilidades e atitudes. A interação rápida oferecida pelo Aplicativo Socrative, através das atividades diagnóstica, momento em que o docente identificará as lacunas de aprendizagens, facilitando a retomada dos conteúdos das bases tecnológicas durante o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Nesta perspectiva, considera-se que alcançamos o Sucesso Escolar.
Uso clínico de produtos do Cymbopogon citratus stapf em patologias bucais: revisão integrativa
Authors: Viana Maria Augusta Correa Barroso Magno , Alverga Caio César Ferreira , Rodrigues Gregório Márcio de Figueiredo , Cordeiro Laísa Vilar , Lima Edeltrudes Oliveira
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão integrativa que aborde a contribuição do Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf no tratamento de Candida nas doenças da cavidade bucal. Foram selecionados artigos publicados nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE/PUBMED, utilizando os descritores: Cymbopogon, Candida e candidíase bucal. Adotando como critérios de inclusão estudos que apresentaram relação com o objetivo da revisão e presença dos descritores supracitados no título, resumo e corpo do texto em português e ou inglês. A seleção dos artigos resultou em 67 estudos, os quais, 16 foram selecionados para compor a amostra, que demonstrou as formas de utilização do C. citratus e sua ação no tratamento da candidíase bucal. Os estudos mostram a eficácia da utilização do C. citratus no tratamento de infecções gênero Candida que acometem a cavidade bucal, principalmente como forma de complementação do tratamento. Entretanto é necessário cautela para a prescrição do uso, visto que a maioria dos estudos foram realizados em laboratórios, não sendo testados in vivo. Conclui-se que o C. citratus apresenta ação antifúngica contra o gênero Candida tanto na forma de óleo como de extrato, embora alguns estudos evidenciem citotoxicidade e mutagenicidade, que devem ser considerados para a segurança de sua utilização.
Consumo alimentar, estilo e qualidade de vida de professores do Ensino Técnico
Authors: Landim Keytiani Secundo Duarte , Oliveira Eloise Cristiane da Silva , Cavalcante Luciana Marcolino , Maximo Vitoria , Souza Jessica Matos de , Portes Leslie Andrews , Kutz Nyvian Alexandre , Oliveira Narcisio Rios , Guimarães Rubia Maria da Penha Mantuani , Salgueiro Marcia Maria Hernandes de Abreu de Oliveira
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho objetivou analisar o perfil de saúde de professores de uma Escola Técnica Estadual da grande São Paulo. Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo com professores, por meio de questionário contendo as variáveis sociodemográficas, do consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida, conhecimento em nutrição, estilo e qualidade de vida. A amostra foi composta por 43 professores e verificou-se o predomínio de classe socioeconômica B e formação em nível de especialização. O estilo e qualidade de vida foram classificados como bons. O consumo alimentar necessita melhorar e o conhecimento em nutrição foi classificado como moderado. Houve correlações positivas e fracas, mas significantes, entre a idade, a classificação socioeconômica e os escores médios no domínio psicológico da qualidade de vida; entre o estilo de vida e a qualidade de vida geral e nos domínios psicológico e social; assim como correlações fracas e negativas entre a classificação socioeconômica e o domínio social da qualidade de vida.
Novos horizontes que ressignificam a doença renal crônica por meio da arteterapia e do recurso autobiográfico
Authors: Silva Felipe Santos da , Caetano Liandra Aparecida Orlando , Santos Joice Nayara dos , Lopes Carina Faleiros Ribeiro , Domenice Fabiana Spirlandeli , Tozati Ligia Peres
Published: March 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho foi promover simultaneamente as habilidades de vida e qualidade de vida para pacientes em hemodiálise, oferecendo-lhes um espaço de escuta e bem-estar social, frente à condição de Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) através de intervenções psicológicas e da arteterapia que funcionaram como ferramentas para (re)pensar os cuidados relacionados à saúde mental. O presente estudo de natureza qualitativa, foi realizado de março à junho de 2019, e buscou os nexos de sentido atribuídos nos relatos durante a confecção dos livros autobiográficos. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de campo aprovada pelo CEP, conforme consta no CAEE: 12389219.5.0000.5495, em que cerca de noventa pacientes em hemodiálise, de uma clínica nefrológica foram convidados a participar da pesquisa. O projeto denominado “Biografia”, viabilizou compilar fragmentos das histórias de vida dos participantes, e assim, oferecer subsídios para (re)significar, os conceitos de saúde e doença, a luz da teoria das Habilidades de Vida e da Psicologia da Saúde. Os materiais e técnicas utilizadas foram: intervenções psicológicas (escuta ativa, acolhimento e reflexões) entrevistas semidirigidas abertas em profundidade, roteiro semiestruturado, observação, transcrições, diários de campo, e o uso de materiais gráficos para arteterapia manuseados pelos participantes para confecção das capas dos livros. Os resultados evidenciaram a eficácia das intervenções psicológicas privilegiando as habilidades de vida e o uso da arteterapia que dão destaque as habilidades que pessoas com insuficiência renal possuem. A produção coletiva do material autobiográfico pôde além de promover saúde mental, favorecer a melhora na qualidade de vida através do resgate da identidade dos participantes.
Estudo de caso sobre a aplicação da metodologia Scrum em uma startup tecnológica de Minas Gerais
Authors: Soares Geuno Bruno Vieira , Pereira Tabata Fernandes
Published: March 2021

Com a globalização, as formas de se gerenciar projetos tem se aprimorado de maneira constante. Nesse contexto, surge o Manifesto Ágil que permitiu a criação de diversas metodologias ágeis que possuem características variadas como dinamismo, adaptabilidade e produtividade, sendo o Scrum uma delas. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em verificar o impacto deste framework em todas as áreas de Lean Startup, desde o Marketing até o Desenvolvimento, e a influência na produtividade e qualidade das atividades executadas dentro de uma startup mineira. Para se atingir este objetivo, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturada, em que se pode analisar os impactos da metodologia na execução das tarefas. Ao final do trabalho, pode-se observar pontos positivos gerados pela implantação da metodologia, como organização e priorização, e também foram apontadas as dificuldades encontradas, como gestão do tempo e priorização.
Pneumoperitoneum effect on testicular oxidative stress and histopathology – Systematic review
Authors: Almeida Bruno Albuquerque de , Milech Vanessa , Brun Maurício Veloso , Varela Junior Antonio Sergio , Corcini Carine Dahl
Published: March 2021

Pneumoperitoneum is characterized by the presence of abdominal cavity gas. Thus, this is used as a tool to create a space in the abdominal cavity for video laparoscopic surgical procedures. However, insufflation of abdominal cavity is capable of causing damage induced by tissue ischemia and reperfusion, which is caused by hypoxia and an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense system capacity. The objective of this study was to bibliographic review the negative effects of exposing healthy animals to different pneumoperitoneum settings by assessing oxidative stress and testicular histopathology, identifying intra-abdominal pressures that did not result in testicular alteration. A systematic search was carried out in three databases using the following terms: pneumoperitoneum AND testi* or gonad. The survey conducted in the databases yielded 2209 scientific articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, six papers were selected. All the articles selected addressed the effects of pneumoperitoneum on testicular structure and used at least one scoring system to perform histopathological evaluation of the testis. Three studies verified the occurrence of changes in oxidative stress. According to this literature review, pneumoperitoneum used at intra-abdominal pressures equal to, or greater than, 9 mmHg caused testicular histological damage. According to the biomarkers used in studies, pressures greater than 10 mmHg were sufficient to cause testicular oxidative stress.
Educação para as Relações Étnico-Raciais: concepções e práticas dos/as docentes da Educação Infantil
Authors: Alves Simone Silva , Vieira Sandra Silva , Stoll Vitor Garcia , Lima Quelen Colman Espíndola
Published: March 2021

Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados de um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso produzido na Licenciatura em Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Jaguarão/RS. Objetivou-se compreender que concepções e práticas os/as professores/as de uma escola de Educação Infantil do município de Arroio Grande/RS, tem da Educação para Relações Étnico-Raciais tendo como orientação a Lei 10.639/2003. A motivação para a elaboração dessa pesquisa deu-se a partir da reflexão da prática do Estágio Supervisionado e por compreender que esse é o momento fundamental para o acadêmico correlacionar teoria e prática. Metodologicamente apresenta natureza qualitativa e procedimentalmente classifica-se como um estudo de caso. O trabalho de campo foi concretizado durante os meses de setembro e outubro do ano de 2019, sendo os dados empíricos obtidos a partir de entrevista semiestruturada, aplicada com oito professores/as da rede municipal. Os participantes possuíam entre um a 15 anos de trabalho docente. As informações foram analisadas e interpretadas à luz da perspectiva histórico-crítica, tendo como base metodológica a Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados indicaram fragilidade teórico-conceitual dos sujeitos em relação a abordagem da Educação para Relações Étnico-Raciais na Educação Infantil, sinalizando a necessidade da implementação de formações continuadas mais efetivas e a inserção de componentes curriculares especificas em cursos de formação de professores. Para tanto, este estudo pautou-se nas formulações teóricas de Bardin (2016), Caldeira (2010), Rocha (2007), Silva (2018), Cavalleiro (2017), Gomes (2015), Malheiro (2005), Veiga (2013), dentre outros.
Exposing changing phenology of fish larvae by modeling climate effects on temporal early life-stage shifts
Authors: Weigel B , Mäkinen J , Kallasvuo M , Vanhatalo J
Published: March 2021

Changing environmental conditions are influencing the seasonal timing in life history events of organisms. Such shifts in phenology are often linked to increasing temperatures that stimulate faster developments or earlier arrivals. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in terrestrial and aquatic realms, but data and knowledge are limited on how early life stages of fish are affected over long-term and broad environmental scales. Here, we analyze 2 decades (1974-1996) of size class-specific Baltic herringClupea harengus membrasL. larval data along the whole coast of Finland to expose shifts in phenology linked to changes in environmental covariates. We use a novel Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal hurdle model that describes larval occurrence and abundance with separate processes. Abundances are modeled with the Ricker population growth model that enables us to predict size-specific larvae groups in relation to the environment while accounting for population density dependence. We quantify shifts in phenology at multiple life stages, based on first appearances of smallest larvae (<10 mm) and by detection of higher proportions of larger larvae (>15 mm) appearing earlier than they have done historically. Our results show a strong signal in shifting phenology of the larvae toward an earlier development of 7.7 d per decade. Increasing temperature had a positive effect on the earlier development of larger larvae. Additionally, we highlight that the survival of larvae becomes more density dependent as their size increases. Our modeling framework can reveal phenological shifts of early life stages in relation to environmental change for survey data that do not necessarily cover the onset of reproduction.
Distribution and ontogenetic habitat shifts of reefassociated shark species in the northeastern Caribbean
Authors: Stoffers T , de Graaf M , Winter HV , Nagelkerke LAJ
Published: March 2021

Understanding how reef-associated sharks utilise coastal reef habitats throughout their ontogeny is essential for their effective management. In this study, we assessed the distribution of sharks in the northern Caribbean Netherlands (Saba, Saba Bank and St Eustatius) and ontogenetic shifts in habitat and depth use of the 2 most observed species: Caribbean reef shark Carcharhinus perezi and nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum. We used stereo baited remote underwater video (stereo-BRUV) surveys at 376 sites. A total of 126 shark sightings (6 species) were recorded, with C. perezi (n = 72) and G. cirratum (n = 42) most frequently observed. The probability of recording at least 1 shark per deployment ranged from 0.19 to 0.37 and is comparable with shark occurrences in the small number of other stereo-BRUV studies in the Wider Caribbean Region. Habitat type was the most important factor driving reef-associated shark occurrences, with the highest probability of observing C. perezi and G. cirratum in soft-coral habitat. Additionally, occurrences of C. perezi were significantly influenced by the management zone, with highest probabilities of occurrence in no-fishing zones. Almost all observed reef-associated sharks (95.6%) were juveniles, indicating that the study area may be a nursery area. Overall, both species were observed in deeper waters with increasing size, indicating ontogenetic shifts in depth use. Our findings imply that protected areas should not be limited to a single habitat or depth, but focus on protecting a large area with the range of habitats and depths necessary for reef-associated sharks to complete their life cycle.
Apolipoprotein A5 in health and disease
Authors: Hubáček JA , Adámková V , Vrablík M , Kadlecová M , Zicha J , Kuneš J , Piťha J , Suchánek P , Poledne R
Published: March 2021

High plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) are an independent risk
factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, with about
50 % of the final levels being determined genetically.
Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is the last discovered member of the
apolipoprotein APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster, found by comparative
sequencing analysis. The importance of APOA5 gene for
determination of plasma triglyceride levels has been suggested
after development of transgenic and knock-out mice (transgenic
mice displayed significantly reduced TG, whereas knock-out mice
had high TG). In Czech population, alleles C-1131 and Trp19 are
associated with elevated levels of plasma TG and higher risk of
myocardial infarction development. These alleles also play some
role in nutrigenetics and actigenetics of lifestyle interventions
leading to the plasma cholesterol changes as well as in the
pharmacogenetics of statin treatment. On the contrary, APOA5
mutations detected in Czech population did not show strict effect
on plasma TG levels. Val153 → Met variant exhibit the sexspecific effect of HDL-cholesterol levels. The suggested roles of
APOA5 variants in determination of the plasma remnant particles,
plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein or some
anthropometrical parameters were excluded.
Impaired control of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels in experimental hypertension
Authors: Pintérová M , Líšková S , Dobešová Z , Behuliak M , Kuneš J , Zicha J
Published: March 2021

Blood pressure (BP) level results from the balance of
vasoconstrictors (mainly sympathetic nervous system) and
vasodilators (predominantly nitric oxide and endothelium-derived
hyperpolarizing factor). Most of the forms of experimental
hypertension are associated with sympathetic hyperactivity and
endothelial dysfunction. It is evident that nitric oxide and
norepinephrine are antagonists in the control of calcium influx
through L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-VDCC).
Their effects on L-VDCC are mediated by cGMP and cAMP,
respectively. Nevertheless, it remains to determine whether these
cyclic nucleotides have direct effects on L-VDCC or they act
through a modulation of calcium-activated K+ and Cl-
channels which influence membrane potential. Rats with genetic or salt
hypertension are characterized by a relative (but not absolute)
NO deficiency compared to the absolute enhancement of
sympathetic vasoconstriction. This dysbalance of vasoconstrictor
and vasodilator systems in hypertensive animals is reflected by
greater calcium influx through L-VDCC susceptible to the
inhibition by nifedipine. However, when the modulatory influence
of cyclic nucleotides is largely attenuated by simultaneous
ganglionic blockade and NO synthase inhibition, BP of
spontaneously hypertensive rats remains still elevated compared
to normotensive rats due to augmented nifedipine-sensitive BP
component. It remains to determine why calcium influx through
L-VDCC of hypertensive rats is augmented even in the absence of
modulatory influence of major vasoactive systems (sympathetic
nervous system, nitric oxide).
The role of cardiac surgery in treatment of chronic heart failure
Authors: Pirk J
Published: March 2021

Chronic heart failure has become a significant health problem.
Cardiac surgery has an important role in the treatment of
patients with heart failure. There are traditional surgical
techniques in cardiac surgery – coronary revascularization, valve
surgery, ventricular reconstructive surgery as well as new
surgical techniques – cardiac support device (CorCap),
mechanical circulatory support and resynchronization therapy.
Cardiac surgery has a definitive role in the treatment algorithm
for chronic heart failure.
Regulation of fetoplacental vascular bed by hypoxia
Authors: Hampl V , Jakoubek V
Published: March 2021

Important fetal and perinatal pathologies, especially intrauterine
growth restriction (IUGR), are thought to stem from placental
hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction of the fetoplacental vessels,
leading to placental hypoperfusion and thus fetal undernutrition.
However, the effects of hypoxia on the fetoplacental vessels have
been surprisingly little studied. We review here available
experimental data on acute hypoxic fetoplacental
vasoconstriction (HFPV) and on chronic hypoxic elevation of
fetoplacental vascular resistance. The mechanism of HFPV
includes hypoxic inhibition of potassium channels in the plasma
membrane of fetoplacental vascular smooth muscle and
consequent membrane depolarization that activates voltage
gated calcium channels. This in turn causes calcium influx and
contractile apparatus activation. The mechanism of chronic
hypoxic elevation of fetoplacental vascular resistance is virtually
unknown except of signs of the involvement of morphological
remodeling.
Hypercapnia attenuates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting lung radical injury
Authors: Chovanec M , Novotná J , Wilhelm J , Hampl V , Vízek M , Herget J
Published: March 2021

Chronic lung hypoxia results in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
Concomitant chronic hypercapnia partly inhibits the effect of
hypoxia on pulmonary vasculature. Adult male rats exposed
to 3 weeks hypoxia (Fi02=0.1) combined with hypercapnia
(FiC02=0.04-0.05) had lower pulmonary arterial blood pressure,
increased weight of the right heart ventricle, and less
pronounced structural remodeling of the peripheral pulmonary
arteries compared with rats exposed only to chronic hypoxia
(Fi02=0.1). According to our hypothesis, hypoxic pulmonary
hypertension is triggered by hypoxic injury to the walls of the
peripheral pulmonary arteries. Hypercapnia inhibits release of
both oxygen radicals and nitric oxide at the beginning of
exposure to the hypoxic environment. The plasma concentration
of nitrotyrosine, the marker of peroxynitrite activity, is lower in
hypoxic rats exposed to hypercapnia than in those exposed to
hypoxia alone. Hypercapnia blunts hypoxia-induced collagenolysis
in the walls of prealveolar pulmonary arteries. We conclude that
hypercapnia inhibits the development of hypoxic pulmonary
hypertension by the inhibition of radical injury to the walls of
peripheral pulmonary arteries.
Pengambilan Keputusan Dalam Pemilihan Supplier Dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Technique For Others Reference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)
Authors: Wicaksono Martin , Fathimahhayati Lina Dianati , Sukmono Yudi
Published: March 2021

M-Merchandise is a business launched by the Mulawarman University Business Management Agency. The problem for these merchandise products is that in determining suppliers it has not been done well, there is no particular method of determining suppliers. So M-Merchandise needs to do supplier selection to get the best supplierr. In making a decision, determining suppliers is applied to the AHP and TOPSIS methods. The AHP method is used to determine the most influential criteria with a paired comparison matrix, then the weight values ​​are used as input to the TOPSIS method to rank suppliers. From the results of the AHP calculation, M-Merchandise have obtained the quality criteria with the highest weight of 0.300. This shows that quality is a major factor in supplier selection. Furthermore, other criteria applied are price with a weight of 0.221, shipping 0.040, technical capability 0.165, a communication system 0.095, and a packaging ability 0.179. From the results of the TOPSIS calculation, the PK supplier is the best supplier to choose with a value of 0.617
ENERGY NOT SOLD (ENS) PADA IMPLEMENTASI FAULT DETECTION INSULATION AND RESTORATION (FDIR) PT. PLN DI PENYULANG OGAN GARDU INDUK SEI JUARO
Authors: Fithri Normaliaty , Fitriani Endah
Published: March 2021

As an effort to carry out sustainability services with efficient distribution of electricity quality, a system that can provide a form of service with reliable distribution system is implemented that can provide an overview of the narrowing of the territory of the extent of the disturbance that is happening. With the application of the Fault Detection Insulation and Restoration (FDIR) system in the feeder with a relatively fast and automatic maneuver process, it can reduce the duration of the outage which can also directly determine the point of disturbance when a disturbance occurs in real time. If there is a disturbance in the Ogan feeder, the FDIR automation system will immediately isolate the network by maneuvering the Kedondong feeder in less than one minute, so that by calculating ENS you can get the benefit of reducing the Energy not sold (ENS) value.
Using Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI) to Teach Qualitative Research Methods
Authors: Jacob Alan , Kapiszewski Diana , Karcher Sebastian
Published: March 2021

In political science, qualitative analytic methods are rarely taught using “active learning” strategies. We discuss a novel approach to teaching such methods: having students engage with scholarship that has been annotated using Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI). ATI allows authors to annotate passages in a digital publication to clarify methodology, add detail about evidence or analysis, or link to data sources. Learning methods through engagement with annotated articles allows students to interact with original data and to better understand and evaluate how authors collected, analyzed, and used those data. This leads students to learn research methods in a way that more closely approximates how they will use those methods in their own research. We present a general description of strategies for teaching with ATI. We illustrate the approach using three examples of instructors teaching both undergraduate and graduate students. We conclude with recommendations for effectively using ATI in the classroom.
COVID-19 patients with increasing age experience differential time to initial medical care and severity of symptoms
Authors: Mancilla-Galindo Javier , Kammar-García Ashuin , Martínez-Esteban Alejandro , Meza-Comparán Hector David , Mancilla-Ramírez Javier , Galindo-Sevilla Norma
Published: March 2021

We conducted a retrospective observational study in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who received medical care in 688 COVID-19. Patients were categorized into 8 groups (<20, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80 years). Symptoms at initial presentation were classified according to a previously validated classification into respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms. Comparisons between time from symptom onset to medical care for every age category were done through ANOVA. Logistic regression were applied to determine the risk of presenting symptoms of severity according to age. 286020 patients were included (mean age: 42.8, SD:16.8 years). Mean time from symptom onset to medical care was 4.04 (SD:3.6) days and increased with older age categories (p<0.0001). The risk of presenting with symptoms of severity was greater with increasing age categories (20-29: OR=1.65, 95%CI:1.59-1.71; 30-39: OR=1.96, 95%CI:1.89-2.03, 40-49: OR=2.05, 95%CI:1.98-1.2.16, 50-59: OR=2.05, 95%CI:1.98-2.16, 60-69: OR=2.35, 95%CI:2.26-2.45, 70-79: OR=2.82, 95%CI:2.67-2.97, and 80 years: OR=3.27, 95%CI:3.01-3.55).
A New Pair of Watchful Eyes for Students in Online Courses
Authors: Raza Salman Hussain , Sharma Bibhya Nand , Chaudhary Kaylash
Published: March 2021

While the recent technological advancements have enabled instructors to deliver mathematical concepts and theories beyond the physical boundaries innovatively and interactively, poor performance and low success rate in mathematic courses have always been a major concern of educators. More specifically, in an online learning environment, where students are not physically present in the classroom and access course materials over the network, it is toilsome for course coordinators to track and monitor every student’s academic learning and experiences. Thus, automated student performance monitoring is indispensable since it is easy for online students, especially those underperforming, to be “out of sight,” hence getting derailed and off-track. Since student learning and performance are evolving over time, it is reasonable to consider student performance monitoring as a time-series problem and implement a time-series predictive model to forecast students’ educational progress and achievement. This research paper presents a case study from a higher education institute where interaction data and course achievement of a previously offered online course are used to develop a time-series predictive model using a Long Short-Term Memory network, a special kind of Recurrent Neural Network architecture. The proposed model makes predictions of student status at any given time of the semester by examining the trend or pattern learned in the previous events. The model reported an average classification accuracy of 86 and 84% with the training dataset and testing dataset, respectively. The proposed model is trialed on selected online math courses with exciting yet dissimilar trends recorded.
Current Advanced Therapies Based on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Skin Diseases
Authors: Sierra-Sánchez Álvaro , Montero-Vilchez Trinidad , Quiñones-Vico María I. , Sanchez-Diaz Manuel , Arias-Santiago Salvador
Published: March 2021

Skin disease may be related with immunological disorders, external aggressions, or genetic conditions. Injuries or cutaneous diseases such as wounds, burns, psoriasis, and scleroderma among others are common pathologies in dermatology, and in some cases, conventional treatments are ineffective. In recent years, advanced therapies using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from different sources has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of many pathologies. Due to their properties; regenerative, immunomodulatory and differentiation capacities, they could be applied for the treatment of cutaneous diseases. In this review, a total of thirteen types of hMSCs used as advanced therapy have been analyzed, considering the last 5 years (2015–2020). The most investigated types were those isolated from umbilical cord blood (hUCB-MSCs), adipose tissue (hAT-MSCs) and bone marrow (hBM-MSCs). The most studied diseases were wounds and ulcers, burns and psoriasis. At preclinical level, in vivo studies with mice and rats were the main animal models used, and a wide range of types of hMSCs were used. Clinical studies analyzed revealed that cell therapy by intravenous administration was the advanced therapy preferred except in the case of wounds and burns where tissue engineering was also reported. Although in most of the clinical trials reviewed results have not been posted yet, safety was high and only local slight adverse events (mild nausea or abdominal pain) were reported. In terms of effectiveness, it was difficult to compare the results due to the different doses administered and variables measured, but in general, percentage of wound’s size reduction was higher than 80% in wounds, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and Severity Scoring for Atopic Dermatitis were significantly reduced, for scleroderma, parameters such as Modified Rodnan skin score (MRSC) or European Scleroderma Study Group activity index reported an improvement of the disease and for hypertrophic scars, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score was decreased after applying these therapies. On balance, hMSCs used for the treatment of cutaneous diseases is a promising strategy, however, the different experimental designs and endpoints stablished in each study, makes necessary more research to find the best way to treat each patient and disease.
The Prognostic Significance of Anisomycin-Activated Phospho-c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase (p-JNK) in Predicting Breast Cancer Patients’ Survival Time
Authors: Chen Li , Zhou Xuantong , Kong Xiangyi , Su Zhaohui , Wang Xiangyu , Li Sen , Luo Aiping , Liu Zhihua , Fang Yi , Wang Jing
Published: March 2021

This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of p-JNK in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and analyze the relationship between anisomycin, p-JNK. A total of 104 breast cancer patients had NACT were enrolled in this study. The western blot and immunohistochemistry assays were used to determine the protein expressions of p-JNK in human breast cancer cell lines and patients’ cancer tissues. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were adopted to gauge the associations between breast cancer and clinicopathological variables by p-JNK expression, whereas the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the prognostic value of p-JNK expression. The Kaplan-Meier plots and the log-rank test were adopted to determine patients’ disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Findings indicated that the p-JNK expression had prognostic significance in univariate and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses. Results of log-rank methods showed that: (1) the mean DFS and OS times in patients with high p-JNK expression were significantly longer than those in patients with low p-JNK expression (χ2 = 5.908, P = 0.015 and χ2 = 6.593, P = 0.010, respectively). p-JNK expression is a significant prognostic factor that can effectively predict the survival in breast cancer patients receiving NACT. Treatment with the JNK agonist anisomycin can induce apoptosis, lead to increased p-JNK expression and decreased p-STAT3 expression. Moreover, the p-JNK expression was inversely correlated with p-STAT3 expression.
Microbiota in Gut, Oral Cavity, and Mitral Valves Are Associated With Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Shi Xue-Rui , Chen Bo-Yan , Lin Wen-Zhen , Li Yu-Lin , Wang Yong-Li , Liu Yan , Huang Jing-Juan , Zhang Wei-Wei , Ma Xiao-Xin , Shao Shuai , Li Ruo-Gu , Duan Sheng-Zhong
Published: March 2021

Rheumatic heart disease refers to the long-term damage of heart valves and results from an autoimmune response to group A Streptococcus infection. This study aimed to analyze the microbiota composition of patients with rheumatic heart disease and explore potential function of microbiota in this disease. First, we revealed significant alterations of microbiota in feces, subgingival plaques, and saliva of the patients compared to control subjects using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significantly different microbial diversity was observed in all three types of samples between the patients and control subjects. In the gut, the patients possessed higher levels of genera including Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium, and lower levels of genera including Lachnospira, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium. Coprococcus was identified as a super-generalist in fecal samples of the patients. Significant alterations were also observed in microbiota of subgingival plaques and saliva of the patients compared to control subjects. Second, we analyzed microbiota in mitral valves of the patients and identified microbes that could potentially transmit from the gut or oral cavity to heart valves, including Streptococcus. Third, we further analyzed the data using random forest model and demonstrated that microbiota in the gut, subgingival plaque or saliva could distinguish the patients from control subjects. Finally, we identified gut/oral microbes that significantly correlated with clinical indices of rheumatic heart disease. In conclusion, patients with rheumatic heart disease manifested important alterations in microbiota that might distinguish the patients from control subjects and correlated with severity of this disease.
Phishing Attacks: A Recent Comprehensive Study and a New Anatomy
Authors: Alkhalil Zainab , Hewage Chaminda , Nawaf Liqaa , Khan Imtiaz
Published: March 2021

With the significant growth of internet usage, people increasingly share their personal information online. As a result, an enormous amount of personal information and financial transactions become vulnerable to cybercriminals. Phishing is an example of a highly effective form of cybercrime that enables criminals to deceive users and steal important data. Since the first reported phishing attack in 1990, it has been evolved into a more sophisticated attack vector. At present, phishing is considered one of the most frequent examples of fraud activity on the Internet. Phishing attacks can lead to severe losses for their victims including sensitive information, identity theft, companies, and government secrets. This article aims to evaluate these attacks by identifying the current state of phishing and reviewing existing phishing techniques. Studies have classified phishing attacks according to fundamental phishing mechanisms and countermeasures discarding the importance of the end-to-end lifecycle of phishing. This article proposes a new detailed anatomy of phishing which involves attack phases, attacker’s types, vulnerabilities, threats, targets, attack mediums, and attacking techniques. Moreover, the proposed anatomy will help readers understand the process lifecycle of a phishing attack which in turn will increase the awareness of these phishing attacks and the techniques being used; also, it helps in developing a holistic anti-phishing system. Furthermore, some precautionary countermeasures are investigated, and new strategies are suggested.
Sonographic Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Review of Image Processing for Lung Ultrasound
Authors: McDermott Conor , Łącki Maciej , Sainsbury Ben , Henry Jessica , Filippov Mihail , Rossa Carlos
Published: March 2021

The sustained increase in new cases of COVID-19 across the world and potential for subsequent outbreaks call for new tools to assist health professionals with early diagnosis and patient monitoring. Growing evidence around the world is showing that lung ultrasound examination can detect manifestations of COVID-19 infection. Ultrasound imaging has several characteristics that make it ideally suited for routine use: small hand-held systems can be contained inside a protective sheath, making it easier to disinfect than X-ray or computed tomography equipment; lung ultrasound allows triage of patients in long term care homes, tents or other areas outside of the hospital where other imaging modalities are not available; and it can determine lung involvement during the early phases of the disease and monitor affected patients at bedside on a daily basis. However, some challenges still remain with routine use of lung ultrasound. Namely, current examination practices and image interpretation are quite challenging, especially for unspecialized personnel. This paper reviews how lung ultrasound (LUS) imaging can be used for COVID-19 diagnosis and explores different image processing methods that have the potential to detect manifestations of COVID-19 in LUS images. Then, the paper reviews how general lung ultrasound examinations are performed before addressing how COVID-19 manifests itself in the images. This will provide the basis to study contemporary methods for both segmentation and classification of lung ultrasound images. The paper concludes with a discussion regarding practical considerations of lung ultrasound image processing use and draws parallels between different methods to allow researchers to decide which particular method may be best considering their needs. With the deficit of trained sonographers who are working to diagnose the thousands of people afflicted by COVID-19, a partially or totally automated lung ultrasound detection and diagnosis tool would be a major asset to fight the pandemic at the front lines.
Clustering Species With Residual Covariance Matrix in Joint Species Distribution Models
Authors: Bystrova Daria , Poggiato Giovanni , Bektaş Billur , Arbel Julyan , Clark James S. , Guglielmi Alessandra , Thuiller Wilfried
Published: March 2021

Modeling species distributions over space and time is one of the major research topics in both ecology and conservation biology. Joint Species Distribution models (JSDMs) have recently been introduced as a tool to better model community data, by inferring a residual covariance matrix between species, after accounting for species' response to the environment. However, these models are computationally demanding, even when latent factors, a common tool for dimension reduction, are used. To address this issue, Taylor-Rodriguez et al. (2017) proposed to use a Dirichlet process, a Bayesian nonparametric prior, to further reduce model dimension by clustering species in the residual covariance matrix. Here, we built on this approach to include a prior knowledge on the potential number of clusters, and instead used a Pitman–Yor process to address some critical limitations of the Dirichlet process. We therefore propose a framework that includes prior knowledge in the residual covariance matrix, providing a tool to analyze clusters of species that share the same residual associations with respect to other species. We applied our methodology to a case study of plant communities in a protected area of the French Alps (the Bauges Regional Park), and demonstrated that our extensions improve dimension reduction and reveal additional information from the residual covariance matrix, notably showing how the estimated clusters are compatible with plant traits, endorsing their importance in shaping communities.
ceRNA Network Analysis Shows That lncRNA CRNDE Promotes Progression of Glioblastoma Through Sponge mir-9-5p
Authors: Luo Xiaobin , Tu Tianqi , Zhong Yali , Xu Shangyi , Chen Xiangzhou , Chen Ligang , Yang Fubing
Published: March 2021

Glioblastoma accounts for 45.2% of central nervous system tumors. Despite the availability of multiple treatments (e.g., surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, immunotherapy, and electric field therapy), glioblastoma has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 5%. The pathogenesis and prognostic markers of this cancer are currently unclear. To this end, this study aimed to explore the pathogenesis of glioblastoma and identify potential prognostic markers. We used data from the GEO and TCGA databases and identified five genes (ITGA5, MMP9, PTPRN, PTX3, and STX1A) that could affect the survival rate of glioblastoma patients and that were differentially expressed between glioblastoma patients and non-tumors groups. Based on a variety of bioinformatics tools for reverse prediction of target genes associated with the prognosis of GBM, a ceRNA network of messenger RNA (STX1A, PTX3, MMP9)-microRNA (miR-9-5p)-long non-coding RNA (CRNDE) was constructed. Finally, we identified five potential therapeutic drugs (bacitracin, hecogenin, clemizole, chrysin, and gibberellic acid) that may be effective treatments for glioblastoma.