bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Supervised Approach to Delineate Built-Up Areas for Monitoring and Analysis of Settlements
Authors: Harig Oliver , Burghardt Dirk , Hecht Robert
Published: August 2016

Monitoring urban growth and measuring urban sprawl is essential for improving urban planning and development. In this paper, we introduce a supervised approach for the delineation of urban areas using commonly available topographic data and commercial GIS software. The method uses a supervised parameter optimization approach along with buffer-based quality measuring method. The approach was developed, tested and evaluated in terms of possible usage in monitoring built-up areas in spatial science at a very fine-grained level. Results show that built-up area boundaries can be delineated automatically with higher quality compared to the settlement boundaries actually used. The approach has been applied to 166 settlement bodies in Germany. The study shows a very efficient way of extracting settlement boundaries from topographic data and maps and contributes to the quantification and monitoring of urban sprawl. Moreover, the findings from this study can potentially guide policy makers and urban planners from other countries.
Spatiotemporal Modeling of Urban Growth Predictions Based on Driving Force Factors in Five Saudi Arabian Cities
Authors: Alqurashi Abdullah , Kumar Lalit , Al-Ghamdi Khalid
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates the effect of four driving forces, including elevation, slope, distance to drainage and distance to major roads, on urban expansion in five Saudi Arabian cities: Riyadh, Jeddah, Makkah, Al-Taif and Eastern Area. The prediction of urban probabilities in the selected cities based on the four driving forces is generated using a logistic regression model for two time periods of urban change in 1985 and 2014. The validation of the model was tested using two approaches. The first approach was a quantitative analysis by using the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) method. The second approach was a qualitative analysis in which the probable urban growth maps based on urban changes in 1985 is used to test the performance of the model to predict the probable urban growth after 2014 by comparing the probable maps of 1985 and the actual urban growth of 2014. The results indicate that the prediction model of 2014 provides a reliable and consistent prediction based on the performance of 1985. The analysis of driving forces shows variable effects over time. Variables such as elevation, slope and road distance had significant effects on the selected cities. However, distance to major roads was the factor with the most impact to determine the urban form in all five cites in both 1985 and 2014.
MicroRNA-155 Mediates Augmented CD40 Expression in Bone Marrow Derived Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Symptomatic Lupus-Prone NZB/W F1 Mice
Authors: Yan Sheng , Yim Lok , Tam Rachel , Chan Albert , Lu Liwei , Lau Chak , Chan Vera
Published: August 2016

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ autoimmune disease characterized by hyperactivated immune responses to self-antigens and persistent systemic inflammation. Previously, we reported abnormalities in circulating and bone marrow (BM)-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from SLE patients. Here, we aim to seek for potential regulators that mediate functional aberrations of pDCs in SLE. BM-derived pDCs from NZB/W F1 mice before and after the disease onset were compared for toll-like receptor (TLR) induced responses and microRNA profile changes. While pDCs derived from symptomatic mice were phenotypically comparable to pre-symptomatic ones, functionally they exhibited hypersensitivity to TLR7 but not TLR9 stimulation, as represented by the elevated upregulation of CD40, CD86 and MHC class II molecules upon R837 stimulation. Upregulated induction of miR-155 in symptomatic pDCs following TLR7 stimulation was observed. Transfection of miR-155 mimics in pre-symptomatic pDCs induced an augmented expression of Cd40, which is consistent with the increased CD40 expression in symptomatic pDCs. Overall, our results provide evidence for miR-155-mediated regulation in pDC functional abnormalities in SLE. Findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of SLE pathogenesis and ignite future interests in evaluating the molecular regulation in autoimmunity.
Effect of Geometric and Chemical Anisotropy of Janus Ellipsoids on Janus Boundary Mismatch at the Fluid–Fluid Interface
Authors: Kang Dong , Ko Woong , Lee Bomsock , Park Bum
Published: August 2016

We investigated the geometric and chemical factors of nonspherical Janus particles (i.e., Janus ellipsoids) with regard to the pinning and unpinning behaviors of the Janus boundary at the oil–water interface using attachment energy numerical calculations. The geometric factors were characterized by aspect ratio (AR) and location of the Janus boundary (α) separating the polar and apolar regions of the particle. The chemical factor indicated the supplementary wettability (β) of the two sides of the particle with identical deviations of apolarity and polarity from neutral wetting. These two factors competed with each other to determine particle configurations at the interface. In general, the critical value of β (βc) required to preserve the pinned configuration was inversely proportional to the values of α and AR. From the numerical calculations, the empirical relationship of the parameter values of Janus ellipsoids was found; that is, λ = Δ β c / Δ α ≈ 0.61 A R − 1.61 . Particularly for the Janus ellipsoids with AR > 1, the βc value is consistent with the boundary between the tilted only and the tilted equilibrium/upright metastable region in their configuration phase diagram. We believe that this work performed at the single particle level offers a fundamental understanding of the manipulation of interparticle interactions and control of the rheological properties of particle-laden interfaces when particles are used as solid surfactants.
Micro-Tomographic Investigation of Ice and Clathrate Formation and Decomposition under Thermodynamic Monitoring
Authors: Arzbacher Stefan , Petrasch Jörg , Ostermann Alexander , Loerting Thomas
Published: August 2016

Clathrate hydrates are inclusion compounds in which guest molecules are trapped in a host lattice formed by water molecules. They are considered an interesting option for future energy supply and storage technologies. In the current paper, time lapse 3D micro computed tomographic (µCT) imaging with ice and tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate hydrate particles is carried out in conjunction with an accurate temperature control and pressure monitoring. µCT imaging reveals similar behavior of the ice and the THF clathrate hydrate at low temperatures while at higher temperatures (3 K below the melting point), significant differences can be observed. Strong indications for micropores are found in the ice as well as the THF clathrate hydrate. They are stable in the ice while unstable in the clathrate hydrate at temperatures slightly below the melting point. Significant transformations in surface and bulk structure can be observed within the full temperature range investigated in both the ice and the THF clathrate hydrate. Additionally, our results point towards an uptake of molecular nitrogen in the THF clathrate hydrate at ambient pressures and temperatures from 230 K to 271 K.
A New Approach to Study Fixed Point of Multivalued Mappings in Modular Metric Spaces and Applications
Authors: Jain Dilip , Padcharoen Anantachai , Kumam Poom , Gopal Dhananjay
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to study the existence of fixed points for multivalued F-contraction in the setting of modular metric spaces. In establishing this connection, we introduce the notion of multivalued F-contraction and prove corresponding fixed point theorems in complete modular metric space with some specific assumption on the modular. Then we apply our results to establish the existence of solutions for a certain type of non-linear integral equations.
An Implantable Intravascular Pressure Sensor for a Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Brancato Luigi , Keulemans Grim , Verbelen Tom , Meyns Bart , Puers Robert
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the intravascular application of a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor to directly measure the hemodynamic characteristics of a ventricular assist device (VAD). A bio- and hemo-compatible packaging strategy is implemented, based on a ceramic thick film process. A commercial sub-millimeter piezoresistive sensor is attached to an alumina substrate, and a double coating of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and parylene-C is applied. The final size of the packaged device is 2.6 mm by 3.6 mm by 1.8 mm. A prototype electronic circuit for conditioning and read-out of the pressure signal is developed, satisfying the VAD-specific requirements of low power consumption (less than 14.5 mW in continuous mode) and small form factor. The packaged sensor has been submitted to extensive in vitro tests. The device displayed a temperature-independent sensitivity (12 μ V/V/mmHg) and good in vitro stability when exposed to the continuous flow of saline solution (less than 0.05 mmHg/day drift after 50 h). During in vivo validation, the transducer has been successfully used to record the arterial pressure waveform of a female sheep. A small, intravascular sensor to continuously register the blood pressure at the inflow and the outflow of a VAD is developed and successfully validated in vivo.
Fluid-Mediated Stochastic Self-Assembly at Centimetric and Sub-Millimetric Scales: Design, Modeling, and Control
Authors: Haghighat Bahar , Mastrangeli Massimo , Mermoud Grégory , Schill Felix , Martinoli Alcherio
Published: August 2016

Stochastic self-assembly provides promising means for building micro-/nano-structures with a variety of properties and functionalities. Numerous studies have been conducted on the control and modeling of the process in engineered self-assembling systems constituted of modules with varied capabilities ranging from completely reactive nano-/micro-particles to intelligent miniaturized robots. Depending on the capabilities of the constituting modules, different approaches have been utilized for controlling and modeling these systems. In the quest of a unifying control and modeling framework and within the broader perspective of investigating how stochastic control strategies can be adapted from the centimeter-scale down to the (sub-)millimeter-scale, as well as from mechatronic to MEMS-based technology, this work presents the outcomes of our research on self-assembly during the past few years. As the first step, we leverage an experimental platform to study self-assembly of water-floating passive modules at the centimeter scale. A dedicated computational framework is developed for real-time tracking, modeling and control of the formation of specific structures. Using a similar approach, we then demonstrate controlled self-assembly of microparticles into clusters of a preset dimension in a microfluidic chamber, where the control loop is closed again through real-time tracking customized for a much faster system dynamics. Finally, with the aim of distributing the intelligence and realizing programmable self-assembly, we present a novel experimental system for fluid-mediated programmable stochastic self-assembly of active modules at the centimeter scale. The system is built around the water-floating 3-cm-sized Lily robots specifically designed to be operative in large swarms and allows for exploring the whole range of fully-centralized to fully-distributed control strategies. The outcomes of our research efforts extend the state-of-the-art methodologies for designing, modeling and controlling massively-distributed, stochastic self-assembling systems at different length scales, constituted of modules from centimetric down to sub-millimetric size. As a result, our work provides a solid milestone in structure formation through controlled self-assembly.
Glutamine Synthetase Drugability beyond Its Active Site: Exploring Oligomerization Interfaces and Pockets
Authors: Moreira Cátia , Ramos Maria , Fernandes Pedro
Published: August 2016

Background: Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a crucial enzyme to the nitrogen cycle with great commercial and pharmaceutical value. Current inhibitors target the active site, affecting GS activity indiscriminately in all organisms. As the active site is located at the interface between two monomers, the protein-protein interface (PPI) of GSs gains a new role, by providing new targets for enzyme inhibition. Exploring GSs PPI could allow for the development of inhibitors selective for specific organisms. Here we map the PPI of three GSs—human (hsGS), maize (zmGS) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtGS)—and unravel new drugable pockets. Methods: The PPI binding free energy coming from key residues on three GSs from different organisms were mapped by computational alanine scan mutagenesis, applying a multiple dielectric constant MM-PBSA methodology. The most relevant residues for binding are referred as hot-spots. Drugable pockets on GS were detected with the Fpocket software. Results and Conclusions: A total of 23, 19 and 30 hot-spots were identified on hsGS, zmGS and mtGS PPI. Even possessing differences in the hot-spots, hsGS and zmGS PPI are overall very similar. On the other hand, mtGS PPI differs greatly from hsGS and zmGS PPI. A novel drugable pocket was detected on the mtGS PPI. It seems particularly promising for the development of selective anti-tuberculosis drugs given its location on a PPI region that is highly populated with hot-spots and is completely different from the hsGS and zmGS PPIs. Drugs targeting this pockets should be inactive on eukaryotic GS II enzymes.
Effect of Probiotics on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Huang Ruixue , Wang Ke , Hu Jianan
Published: August 2016

It has been reported that gut probiotics play a major role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Probiotics may be essential to people with depression, which remains a global health challenge, as depression is a metabolic brain disorder. However, the efficacy of probiotics for depression is controversial. This study aimed to systematically review the existing evidence on the effect of probiotics-based interventions on depression. Randomized, controlled trials, identified through screening multiple databases and grey literature, were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software using a fixed-effects model. The meta-analysis showed that probiotics significantly decreased the depression scale score (MD (depressive disorder) = −0.30, 95% CI (−0.51–−0.09), p = 0.005) in the subjects. Probiotics had an effect on both the healthy population (MD = −0.25, 95% CI (−0.47–−0.03), p = 0.03) and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (MD = −0.73, 95% CI (−1.37–−0.09), p = 0.03). Probiotics had an effect on the population aged under 60 (MD = −0.43, 95% CI (−0.72–−0.13), p = 0.005), while it had no effect on people aged over 65 (MD = −0.18, 95% CI (−0.47–0.11), p = 0.22). This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis with the goal of determining the effect of probiotics on depression. We found that probiotics were associated with a significant reduction in depression, underscoring the need for additional research on this potential preventive strategy for depression.
Clearance of Streptococcus suis in Stomach Contents of Differently Fed Growing Pigs
Authors: Warneboldt Franziska , Sander Saara , Beineke Andreas , Valentin-Weigand Peter , Kamphues Josef , Baums Christoph
Published: August 2016

Streptococcus (S.) suis translocates across the intestinal barrier of piglets after intraintestinal application. Based on these findings, an oro-gastrointestinal infection route has been proposed. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the survival of S. suis in the porcine stomach. Whereas surviving bacteria of S. suis serotypes 2 and 9 were not detectable after 60 min of incubation in stomach contents with a comparatively high gastric pH of 5 due to feeding of fine pellets, the number of Salmonella Derby bacteria increased under these conditions. Further experiments confirmed the clearance of S. suis serotypes 2 and 9 within 30 min in stomach contents with a pH of 4.7 independently of the bacterial growth phase. Finally, an oral infection experiment was conducted, feeding each of 18 piglets a diet mixed with 1010 CFU of S. suis serotype 2 or 9. Thorough bacteriological screenings of various mesenteric-intestinal lymph nodes and internal organs after different times of exposure did not lead to any detection of the orally applied challenge strains. In conclusion, the porcine stomach constitutes a very efficient barrier against oro-gastrointenstinal S. suis infections. Conditions leading to the passage of S. suis through the stomach remain to be identified.
Semiflexible Chains at Surfaces: Worm-Like Chains and beyond
Authors: Baschnagel Jörg , Meyer Hendrik , Wittmer Joachim , Kulić Igor , Mohrbach Hervé , Ziebert Falko , Nam Gi-Moon , Lee Nam-Kyung , Johner Albert
Published: August 2016

We give an extended review of recent numerical and analytical studies on semiflexible chains near surfaces undertaken at Institut Charles Sadron (sometimes in collaboration) with a focus on static properties. The statistical physics of thin confined layers, strict two-dimensional (2D) layers and adsorption layers (both at equilibrium with the dilute bath and from irreversible chemisorption) are discussed for the well-known worm-like-chain (WLC) model. There is mounting evidence that biofilaments (except stable d-DNA) are not fully described by the WLC model. A number of augmented models, like the (super) helical WLC model, the polymorphic model of microtubules (MT) and a model with (strongly) nonlinear flexural elasticity are presented, and some aspects of their surface behavior are analyzed. In many cases, we use approaches different from those in our previous work, give additional results and try to adopt a more general point of view with the hope to shed some light on this complex field.
Key Role of Reinforcing Structures in the Flame Retardant Performance of Self-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Bocz Katalin , Simon Dániel , Bárány Tamás , Marosi György
Published: August 2016

The flame retardant synergism between highly stretched polymer fibres and intumescent flame retardant systems was investigated in self-reinforced polypropylene composites. It was found that the structure of reinforcement, such as degree of molecular orientation, fibre alignment and weave type, has a particular effect on the fire performance of the intumescent system. As little as 7.2 wt % additive content, one third of the amount needed in non-reinforced polypropylene matrix, was sufficient to reach a UL-94 V-0 rating. The best result was found in self-reinforced polypropylene composites reinforced with unidirectional fibres. In addition to the fire retardant performance, the mechanical properties were also evaluated. The maximum was found at optimal consolidation temperature, while the flame retardant additive in the matrix did not influence the mechanical performance up to the investigated 13 wt % concentration.
The Dilemmas of Monogamy: Pleasure, Discipline and the Pentecostal Moral Self in the Republic of Benin
Authors: Quiroz Sitna
Published: August 2016

Based on ethnographic research in the Republic of Benin, this article explores how Pentecostal teachings on marriage and the management of sexual pleasure contribute to shaping converts’ moral selves. For Pentecostals, fidelity towards God, when single and fidelity between partners, once married, is presented as the ideal model of partnership to which every “Born-Again” should aspire. In the context where polygamous unions are socially accepted, Pentecostal pastors teach that a satisfactory sexual life restricted to marriage is the means of building successful monogamous unions. However, sexual satisfaction might not always guarantee marital success, especially when people face problems of infertility. The author suggests that the disciplinary regimes that these teachings promote contribute to shaping new modes of intimacy, which are compatible with societal changes but often contradict the extant social norms and ideals of reproduction. Moral dilemmas arising from this tension are the key to understanding how Pentecostal Christianity shapes the moral self. The article addresses how Pentecostals in Benin navigate and negotiate cultural continuities and discontinuities in relation to church authority and family life.
Estimation of Energy Balance Components over a Drip-Irrigated Olive Orchard Using Thermal and Multispectral Cameras Placed on a Helicopter-Based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Authors: Ortega-Farías Samuel , Ortega-Salazar Samuel , Poblete Tomas , Kilic Ayse , Allen Richard , Poblete-Echeverría Carlos , Ahumada-Orellana Luis , Zuñiga Mauricio , Sepúlveda Daniel
Published: August 2016

A field experiment was carried out to implement a remote sensing energy balance (RSEB) algorithm for estimating the incoming solar radiation (Rsi), net radiation (Rn), sensible heat flux (H), soil heat flux (G) and latent heat flux (LE) over a drip-irrigated olive (cv. Arbequina) orchard located in the Pencahue Valley, Maule Region, Chile (35°25′S; 71°44′W; 90 m above sea level). For this study, a helicopter-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was equipped with multispectral and infrared thermal cameras to obtain simultaneously the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and surface temperature (Tsurface) at very high resolution (6 cm × 6 cm). Meteorological variables and surface energy balance components were measured at the time of the UAV overpass (near solar noon). The performance of the RSEB algorithm was evaluated using measurements of H and LE obtained from an eddy correlation system. In addition, estimated values of Rsi and Rn were compared with ground-truth measurements from a four-way net radiometer while those of G were compared with soil heat flux based on flux plates. Results indicated that RSEB algorithm estimated LE and H with errors of 7% and 5%, respectively. Values of the root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) for LE were 50 and 43 W m−2 while those for H were 56 and 46 W m−2, respectively. Finally, the RSEB algorithm computed Rsi, Rn and G with error less than 5% and with values of RMSE and MAE less than 38 W m−2. Results demonstrated that multispectral and thermal cameras placed on an UAV could provide an excellent tool to evaluate the intra-orchard spatial variability of Rn, G, H, LE, NDVI and Tsurface over the tree canopy and soil surface between rows.
A Wireless Sensor Network with Soft Computing Localization Techniques for Track Cycling Applications
Authors: Gharghan Sadik , Nordin Rosdiadee , Ismail Mahamod
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we propose two soft computing localization techniques for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The two techniques, Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), focus on a range-based localization method which relies on the measurement of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from the three ZigBee anchor nodes distributed throughout the track cycling field. The soft computing techniques aim to estimate the distance between bicycles moving on the cycle track for outdoor and indoor velodromes. In the first approach the ANFIS was considered, whereas in the second approach the ANN was hybridized individually with three optimization algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), and Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA). The results revealed that the hybrid GSA-ANN outperforms the other methods adopted in this paper in terms of accuracy localization and distance estimation accuracy. The hybrid GSA-ANN achieves a mean absolute distance estimation error of 0.02 m and 0.2 m for outdoor and indoor velodromes, respectively.
Towards a Real-Time Embedded System for Water Monitoring Installed in a Robotic Sailboat
Authors: Silva Junior Andouglas , Lima Sa Sarah , Santos Davi , Negreiros Álvaro , Souza Silva João , Álvarez Jácobo Justo , Garcia Gonçalves Luiz
Published: August 2016

Problems related to quality (and quantity) of water in natural resources or in artificial reservoirs are frequently arising and are at the center of attention of authorities and governments around the world. Many times the monitoring is not performed in an efficient time frame and a precise manner, whereas the adoption of fast and punctual solutions would undoubtedly improve the water quality and consequently enhance the life of people. To minimize or diminish such kinds of problems, we propose an architecture for sensors installed in a robotic platform, an autonomous sail boat, able to acquire raw data relative to water quality, to process and make them available to people that might be interested in such information. The main contributions are the sensors architecture itself, which uses low cost sensors, with practical experimentation done with a prototype. Results show data collected for points in lakes and rivers in the northeast of Brazil. This embedded system is fixed in the sailboat robot with the intention to facilitate the study of water quality for long endurance missions. This robot can help monitoring water bodies in a more consistent manner. Nonetheless the system can also be used with fixed vases or buoys in strategic points.
Spatiotemporal Interpolation for Environmental Modelling
Authors: Susanto Ferry , De Souza Paulo , He Jing
Published: August 2016

A variation of the reduction-based approach to spatiotemporal interpolation (STI), in which time is treated independently from the spatial dimensions, is proposed in this paper. We reviewed and compared three widely-used spatial interpolation techniques: ordinary kriging, inverse distance weighting and the triangular irregular network. We also proposed a new distribution-based distance weighting (DDW) spatial interpolation method. In this study, we utilised one year of Tasmania’s South Esk Hydrology model developed by CSIRO. Root mean squared error statistical methods were performed for performance evaluations. Our results show that the proposed reduction approach is superior to the extension approach to STI. However, the proposed DDW provides little benefit compared to the conventional inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. We suggest that the improved IDW technique, with the reduction approach used for the temporal dimension, is the optimal combination for large-scale spatiotemporal interpolation within environmental modelling applications.
Design and Fabrication of Double-Focused Ultrasound Transducers to Achieve Tight Focusing
Authors: Jang Jihun , Chang Jin
Published: August 2016

Beauty treatment for skin requires a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducer to generate coagulative necrosis in a small focal volume (e.g., 1 mm3) placed at a shallow depth (3–4.5 mm from the skin surface). For this, it is desirable to make the F-number as small as possible under the largest possible aperture in order to generate ultrasound energy high enough to induce tissue coagulation in such a small focal volume. However, satisfying both conditions at the same time is demanding. To meet the requirements, this paper, therefore, proposes a double-focusing technique, in which the aperture of an ultrasound transducer is spherically shaped for initial focusing and an acoustic lens is used to finally focus ultrasound on a target depth of treatment; it is possible to achieve the F-number of unity or less while keeping the aperture of a transducer as large as possible. In accordance with the proposed method, we designed and fabricated a 7-MHz double-focused ultrasound transducer. The experimental results demonstrated that the fabricated double-focused transducer had a focal length of 10.2 mm reduced from an initial focal length of 15.2 mm and, thus, the F-number changed from 1.52 to 1.02. Based on the results, we concluded that the proposed double-focusing method is suitable to decrease F-number while maintaining a large aperture size.
Thermal Image Sensing Model for Robotic Planning and Search
Authors: Castro Jiménez Lídice , Martínez-García Edgar
Published: August 2016

This work presents a search planning system for a rolling robot to find a source of infra-red (IR) radiation at an unknown location. Heat emissions are observed by a low-cost home-made IR passive visual sensor. The sensor capability for detection of radiation spectra was experimentally characterized. The sensor data were modeled by an exponential model to estimate the distance as a function of the IR image’s intensity, and, a polynomial model to estimate temperature as a function of IR intensities. Both theoretical models are combined to deduce a subtle nonlinear exact solution via distance-temperature. A planning system obtains feed back from the IR camera (position, intensity, and temperature) to lead the robot to find the heat source. The planner is a system of nonlinear equations recursively solved by a Newton-based approach to estimate the IR-source in global coordinates. The planning system assists an autonomous navigation control in order to reach the goal and avoid collisions. Trigonometric partial differential equations were established to control the robot’s course towards the heat emission. A sine function produces attractive accelerations toward the IR source. A cosine function produces repulsive accelerations against the obstacles observed by an RGB-D sensor. Simulations and real experiments of complex indoor are presented to illustrate the convenience and efficacy of the proposed approach.
Biomechanical Characterization of Cardiomyocyte Using PDMS Pillar with Microgrooves
Authors: Oyunbaatar Nomin-Erdene , Lee Deok-Hyu , Patil Swati , Kim Eung-Sam , Lee Dong-Weon
Published: August 2016

This paper describes the surface-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pillar arrays for enhancing cell alignment and contraction force in cardiomyocytes. The PDMS micropillar (μpillar) arrays with microgrooves (μgrooves) were fabricated using a unique micro-mold made using SU-8 double layer processes. The spring constant of the μpillar arrays was experimentally confirmed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). After culturing cardiac cells on the two different types of μpillar arrays, with and without grooves on the top of μpillar, the characteristics of the cardiomyocytes were analyzed using a custom-made image analysis system. The alignment of the cardiomyocytes on the μgrooves of the μpillars was clearly observed using a DAPI staining process. The mechanical force generated by the contraction force of the cardiomyocytes was derived from the displacement of the μpillar arrays. The contraction force of the cardiomyocytes aligned on the μgrooves was 20% higher than that of the μpillar arrays without μgrooves. The experimental results prove that applied geometrical stimulus is an effective method for aligning and improving the contraction force of cardiomyocytes.
Water Management Options for Rice Cultivation in a Temperate Area: A Multi-Objective Model to Explore Economic and Water Saving Results
Authors: Monaco Federica , Sali Guido , Ben Hassen Manel , Facchi Arianna , Romani Marco , Valè Giampiero
Published: August 2016

Due to the changing climatic and environmental conditions, modifications in agricultural and water policies have been made, and irrigated agriculture has to face the challenge of making a rational and optimal use of the water resource effectively available. This urges rice farming, strongly and traditionally linked to water, to change the modalities for the use of the resource. If on one hand water saving techniques should be preferred, a different water management in paddy fields may lead to lower yields and higher production costs, with consequent repercussions on farm incomes. The paper recognizes the disagreement between environmental and economic concerns and aims at contributing to the discussion about how to reconcile them by adopting alternative irrigation strategies. From this perspective, a multi-objective linear optimization model is used to explore the trade-offs between conflicting objectives in a rice-growing area in Northern Italy. The model returns the optimal allocation of land subject to three different irrigation strategies, as those previously performed in experimental fields; in addition, a scenario analysis is run to simulate reduced resource availability. Results demonstrate the key role of prioritizing one objective over the other, while introducing cultivars more suitable for dry cultivation enables enlarging the frontier of optimal solutions.
StemCell Keep™ is Effective for Cryopreservation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Vitrification
Authors: Ota Akemi , Matsumura Kazuaki , Lee Jun-Jae , Sumi Shoichiro , Hyon Soung-Hyu
Published: August 2016

Safe and stable cryopreservation is critical for research involving human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a popular cryoprotective agent; however, its cytotoxicity cannot be ignored. Thus, there is a need for an alternate cryoprotectant. We reported previously that a novel cryopreservation reagent, StemCell Keep™ (SCK), was effective for cryopreserving human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by vitrification. Because hESCs and hiPSCs are not identical, the current study examined the use of SCK on hESCs. hESCs cryopreserved with SCK were thawed and cultured on SNL 76/7 cells, which were derived from a mouse fibroblast STO cell line transformed with neomycin resistance and murine LIF genes. After cryopreservation, cultured hESCs were assessed for their attachment ability and characterized by alkaline phosphatase (AP) and immunocytochemical (ICC) staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and karyotyping. The proliferation of SCK-cryopreserved hESCs cultured on SNL cells, or in feeder-free conditions, was higher than that of cells preserved in a solution of 2 M DMSO, 1 M acetamide, and 3 M propylene glycol (DAP). The cell number with SCK-cryopreserved hESCs was about twice that of hESCs cryopreserved in DAP. The pluripotency of SCK-cryopreserved hESCs was similar to that of DAP-cryopreserved hESCs based on AP staining. Data from ICC, FACS, and RT-PCR analyses showed that stem cell markers were continually expressed on SCK-cryopreserved hESCs. The teratoma assay showed that SCK-cryopreserved hESCs differentiated into three germ layers. Furthermore, SCK-cryopreserved hESCs had normal karyotypes. These data indicate that SCK was effective for cryopreservation of hESCs by vitrification.
Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Stage at Diagnosis in First Nations Living in Manitoba
Authors: Decker K.M. , Kliewer E.V. , Demers A.A. , Fradette K. , Biswanger N. , Musto G. , Elias B. , Turner D.
Published: August 2016

Background: In the present study, we examined breast (BCa) and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality and stage at diagnosis for First Nations (FN) individuals and all other Manitobans (AOMS). Methods: Several population-based databases were linked to determine ethnicity and to calculate age-standardized incidence and mortality rates. Logistic regression was used to compare BCa and CRC stage at diagnosis. Results: From 1984–1988 to 2004–2008, the incidence of BCa increased for FN and aom women. Breast cancer mortality increased for fn women and decreased for AOM women. First Nations women were significantly more likely than aom women to be diagnosed at stages III–IV than at stage I [odds ratio (OR) for women ≤50 years of age: 3.11; 95% confidence limits (CL): 1.20, 8.06; OR for women 50–69 years of age: 1.72; 95% CL: 1.03, 2.88). The incidence and mortality of CRC increased for FN individuals, but decreased for AOMS. First Nations status was not significantly associated with CRC stage at diagnosis (OR for stages I–II compared with stages III–IV: 0.98; 95% CL: 0.68, 1.41; OR for stages I–III compared with stage IV: 0.91; 95% CL: 0.59, 1.40). Conclusions: Our results underscore the need for improved cancer screening participation and targeted initiatives that emphasis collaboration with fn communities to reduce barriers to screening and to promote healthy lifestyles.
The Prevalence and Nature of Supportive Care Needs in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Giuliani M.E. , Milne R.A. , Puts M. , Sampson L.R. , Kwan J.Y.Y. , Le L.W. , Alibhai S.M.H. , Howell D. , Abdelmutti N. , Liu G. , Papadakos J. , Catton P. , Jones J.
Published: August 2016

Purpose: In the present work, we set out to comprehensively describe the unmet supportive care and information needs of lung cancer patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form 34 (34 items) and an informational needs survey (8 items). Patients with primary lung cancer in any phase of survivorship were included. Demographic data and treatment details were collected from the medical charts of participants. The unmet needs were determined overall and by domain. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with greater unmet needs. Results: From August 2013 to February 2014, 89 patients [44 (49%) men; median age: 71 years (range: 44–89 years)] were recruited. The mean number of unmet needs was 8 (range: 0–34), and 69 patients (78%) reported at least 1 unmet need. The need proportions by domain were 52% health system and information, 66% psychological, 58% physical, 24% patient care, and 20% sexuality. The top 2 unmet needs were “fears of the cancer spreading” [n = 44 of 84 (52%)] and “lack of energy/tiredness” [n = 42 of 88 (48%)]. On multivariable analysis, more advanced disease and higher MD Anderson Symptom Inventory scores were associated with increased unmet needs. Patients reported that the most desired information needs were those for information on managing symptoms such as fatigue (78%), shortness of breath (77%), and cough (63%). Conclusions: Unmet supportive care needs are common in lung cancer patients, with some patients experiencing a very high number of unmet needs. Further work is needed to develop resources to address those needs.
Venous Thromboembolism Prevention During Asparaginase-Based Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Sibai H. , Seki J.T. , Wang T.Q. , Sakurai N. , Atenafu E.G. , Yee K.W.L. , Schuh A.C. , Gupta V. , Minden M.D. , Schimmer A.D. , Brandwein J.M.
Published: August 2016

Background: Venous thromboembolism (vte) is a recognized complication in patients treated with asparaginase-containing chemotherapy regimens; the optimal preventive strategy is unclear. We assessed the safety and efficacy of prophylaxis using low-dose low molecular weight heparin in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete remission treated with an asparaginase-based post-remission chemotherapy regimen. Methods: As part of the intensification phase of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 91-01 regimen, asparaginase was administered weekly to 41 consecutive patients for 21–30 weeks; these patients also received prophylaxis with enoxaparin 40 mg daily (60 mg for patients ≥ 80 kg). Outcomes were assessed against outcomes in a comparable cohort of 99 patients who received the same chemotherapy regimen without anticoagulation prophylaxis. Results: The overall rate of symptomatic venous thrombosis was not significantly different in the prophylaxis and non-prophylaxis cohorts (18.92% and 21.74% respectively). Among patients receiving prophylaxis, vte occurred in higher proportion in those who weighed at least 80 kg (42.86% vs. 4.35%, p = 0.0070). No major bleeding complications occurred in the prophylaxis group (minor bleeding: 8.1%). Conclusions: Prophylaxis with low-dose enoxaparin during the intensification phase was safe, but was not associated with a lower overall proportion of vte.
High-Grade Glioma Management and Response Assessment—Recent Advances and Current Challenges
Authors: Khan M.N. , Sharma A.M. , Pitz M. , Loewen S.K. , Quon H. , Poulin A. , Essig M.
Published: August 2016

The management of high-grade gliomas (hggs) is complex and ever-evolving. The standard of care for the treatment of hggs consists of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, treatment options are influenced by multiple factors such as patient age and performance status, extent of tumour resection, biomarker profile, and tumour histology and grade. Follow-up cranial magnetic resonance imaging (mri) to differentiate treatment response from treatment effect can be challenging and affects clinical decision-making. An assortment of advanced radiologic techniques—including perfusion imaging with dynamic susceptibility contrast mri, dynamic contrast-enhanced mri, diffusion-weighted imaging, proton spectroscopy, mri subtraction imaging, and amino acid radiotracer imaging—can now incorporate novel physiologic data, providing new methods to help characterize tumour progression, pseudoprogression, and pseudoresponse. In the present review, we provide an overview of current treatment options for hgg and summarize recent advances and challenges in imaging technology.
Making Molehills out of a Mountain: Experience with a New Scheduling Strategy to Diminish Workload Variations in Response to Increased Treatment Demands
Authors: Waters A. , Alizadeh M. , Filion C. , Ashbury F. , Pun J. , Chagnon M.P. , Legrain A. , Fortin M.A.
Published: August 2016

Purpose: A new scheduling strategy was implemented. Before implementation, treatments and planning computed tomography (ct) imaging were both scheduled at the same time. Maximal wait times for treatment are defined by the Quebec Ministry of Health’s plan of action according to treatment aim and site. After implementation, patients requiring rapid treatment (priorities 0–3) continued to have their treatments scheduled at the same time as their planning ct; treatments for priority 4 (P4) patients were scheduled only after the treatment plan was approved. That approach aims to compensate for unexpected increases in planning workload by relocating less delay-sensitive cases to other time slots. We evaluated the impact on the patient experience, workload in various sectors, the care team’s perception of care delivery, access to care, and the department’s efficiency in terms of hours worked per treatment delivered. Methods: Three periods were defined for analysis: the pre-transitional phase, for baseline evaluation; the transitional phase, during which there was an overlap in the way patients were being scheduled; and the post-transitional phase. Wait times were calculated from the date that patients were ready to treat to the date of their first treatment. Surveys were distributed to pre- and post-transitional phase patients. Care team members were asked to complete a survey evaluating their perception of how the change affected workload and patient care. Operational data were analyzed. Results: We observed a 24% increase in the number of treatments delivered in the post-transitional phase. Before implementation, priority 0–3 patients waited a mean of 7.9 days to begin treatments (n = 241); afterward, they waited 6.3 days (n = 340, p = 0.006). Before implementation, P4 patients waited a mean 15.1 days (n = 233); after implementation, they waited 16.1 days (n = 368, p = 0.22). Surveys showed that patients felt that the time it took to inform them of treatment appointments was acceptable in both phases. No significant change in overtime hours occurred in dosimetry (p = 0.7476) or globally (p = 0.4285) despite the increased number of treatments. However, departmental efficiency improved by 16% (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: This new scheduling strategy for P4 cases resulted in improved access to care for priority 0–3 patients. Departmental efficiency was improved, and overtime hours did not increase. Patient satisfaction remained high.
Three-component synthesis of highly functionalized aziridines containing a peptide side chain and their one-step transformation into β-functionalized α-ketoamides
Authors: Huck Lena , González Juan F , de la Cuesta Elena , Menéndez J Carlos
Published: August 2016

A sequential three-component process is described, starting from 3-arylmethylene-2,5-piperazinediones and involving a one-pot sequence of reactions achieving regioselective opening of the 2,5-diketopiperazine ring and diastereoselective generation of an aziridine ring. This method allows the preparation of N-unprotected, trisubstituted aziridines bearing a peptide side chain under mild conditions. Their transformation into β-trifluoroacetamido-α-ketoamide and α,β-diketoamide frameworks was also achieved in a single step.
Out of Control in Ilokano
Authors: Gerdts Donna B.
Published: August 2016

No abstract available.
Combining Placido and Corneal Wavefront Data for the Detection of Forme Fruste Keratoconus
Authors: Saad Alain , Gatinel Damien
Published: August 2016

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the accuracy of a new objective method based on Placido disk-derived data for the detection of eyes at risk of ectasia.

METHODS:

One hundred nineteen eyes of 176 patients were included and separated into two groups, normal and forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC), using automated corneal classification software. Normal eyes (n = 114) were classified as negative for keratoconus and keratoconus suspect and had undergone LASIK with unremarkable follow-up for 4 years. The FFKC group was composed of 62 topographically normal eyes of patients with keratoconus in the fellow eye. Anterior topographic parameters, obtained from specular topography using Placido-based indices and corneal wavefront Zernike coefficients, were compared between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify cut-off points in discriminating between keratoconic and normal eyes. Validation was performed on an external group of eyes.

RESULTS:

A discriminant function was built combining four corneal wavefront variables and four Placido variables. The area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.970 with this eight-variable model. The validation of this function had 63% sensitivity for detecting FFKC and 100% sensitivity for detecting keratoconus, with a specificity of 82%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Indices generated from corneal wavefront and Placido measurements can assist in identifying early or mild forms of keratoconus undetected by a Placido-based neural network program.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(8):510–516.]
What is the Source of Smart City Value?
Authors: Anthopoulos Leonidas , Fitsilis Panos , Ziozias Christos
Published: August 2016

Smart cities have attracted an increasing international scientific and business attention and an enormous niche market is being evolved, which engages almost all the business sectors. Being engaged in the smart city market is not free-of-charge and corresponding investments are extensive, while they usually concern innovation development and always demand careful planning. However, until today it is not clear how the smart city creates value to its stakeholders or simply how profit is being created. To this end, this paper performs an investigation on the smart city business models and utilizes decision making process with the contribution of smart city experts in order to conclude on the most appropriate one. This paper's findings demonstrate that business models that are followed in practice by smart cities are different to the ones suggested in literature. Moreover, the decision making processes that were followed showed that the optimal choice is the ownership business model group and from its contents preferred the Open Business Model (OBM), with the Municipal-Owned-Development (MOD) as an alternative option.