bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individualization of punishment in the context of the public’s fear of crime
Authors: Konyakhin Vladimir Pavlovich , Prokhorov Leonid Aleksandrovich , Prokhorova Marina Leonidovna. , Petrovskiy Anton Vladimirovich , Aslanyan Ruslan Georgievich
Published: May 2021

The individualization of punishment is largely formalized and axiomatically limited by the normative prescriptions of the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, when assigning punishment, judges always consider all the circumstances related to the commission of a crime and the identity of the perpetrator, not to mention consideration of public opinion, social and group victimization, and the fear of the population before criminal manifestations. Unlike in Russia, the foreign criminal justice system for a long time accepts the opinion of ordinary citizens on this matter, focusing on their fears of separate crimes. Sometimes, within the framework of this system, there is a manipulation of the individualization of punishment to demonstrate a preventive effect to society. Based on the above, this article is aimed at generating a discourse on the need to study and consider victimological information in the formation of criminal law policy in general and the individualization of punishment, in particular. The statistical and sociological research methods used in the study allowed obtaining and summarizing information on the indicators of the fear of residents of Gelendzhik and Novorossiysk (2017-2018) regarding ordinary crimes; reflecting the relationship between these data and the types of punishment imposed by the courts for the commission of theft, robbery, hooliganism. Systemic synthesis and analysis allowed identifying a number of patterns in this area, and justifying them. The novelty of the article is that it represents one of the few attempts to fill the gap in scientific knowledge about the mechanism of individualization of punishment as a tool of social protection, implemented through general and private prevention and requiring consideration of political-social and ethnocultural peculiarities. The results of the study allowed to articulate proposals for optimizing the activities of federal and regional coordinating councils for the prevention of offenses.
Legal discretion in criminal law: general theoretic and branch-wise aspects
Authors: Nikitin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: May 2021

Pre-requisites: legal discretion in criminal law just as in other branches has only partially been a subject matter of legal analysis. Predominantly, a law-enforcement type of discretion was studied, which is implemented by law-enforcement authorities during criminal prosecution. However, modern surveys in the field of law theory consider discretion as a general law phenomenon including law-enforcement, law-making, and law-interpretation aspects. This suggests the need to study legal discretion in criminal law from new points of view. Moreover, one should also take into account a dual-aspect nature of legal discretion, e.g., a combination of characteristics of the subject implementing discretion and law-regulated relations where this takes place. The research objective is to define an opportunity of affecting subjects implementing individual types of legal discretion (law-enforcement, law-making, and law-interpretation) intended for optimization of the discretion level in criminal law. Methods: a combination of common, general scientific, specific scientific, and specific legal methods. First of all, the paper uses a systemic and functional approach. Results. Legal discretion in legal law is represented by law-enforcement, law-making, and law-interpretation discretion of respective subjects. These types of discretion are interdependent and indissolubly related. Currently, an integrated approach to studying these types of discretions in legal law is poorly discussed in literature. Meanwhile, only this approach allows for a systematic study of legal discretion limits (in general and for individual types) and for adequate evaluation of their efficiency in criminal law.
Criminal policy of Russia during a pandemic
Authors: Pobedkin Aleksandr Viktorovich , Fil’chenko Andrey Petrovich , Pinkevich Tatyana Valentinovna , Martynenko Natalia Eduardovna , Zhandrov Vladimir Yurievich
Published: May 2021

The consequence of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 was the introduction of social restrictions, which led to an increase in the number of users of social networks, as well as their activity on the Internet. The involvement of citizens in the digital environment has changed the targets of criminal efforts of the criminals. The public’s fear of the coronavirus was subjected to criminal exploitation, new forms and methods of theft appeared, as a result, the spectrum of crime shifted to the criminal use of information and communication technologies (hereinafter – ICT. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the indicators of Russian crime during the pandemic, to assess the adopted criminal-political decisions in terms of adequacy to the changes in crime, to develop on this basis the proposals for criminal law improvement able to increase the consistency of the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and its compliance with the requirements of the criminal-political situation in Russia. The assessment of the sectoral structure consistency in the regulation of criminal liability for committing crimes in the special conditions of a pandemic was used as the main research method. The research was carried out by the authors based on the dialectical method, which made it possible to manage changes in social reality by means of legal response, other scientific methods: sociological, modeling, concrete historical, comparative were applied as well. The results obtained showed that overcoming the negative changes in crime requires adjusting the vector of criminal policy from liberalization towards tightening in relation to crimes committed using ICT. It is proposed to expand the list of aggravating circumstances, limit the use of some mechanisms for terminating criminal liability associated with exemption from it, and review the possibilities of applying conditional conviction to persons who have committed crimes in a pandemic, up to and including refusal of this form of implementation of criminal liability. The formulated new proposals for improving the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation restore the consistency of the criminal law and increase the consistency of criminal-political decisions during a pandemic.
Particular characteristics of recidivism of foreign criminals subjected to conviction in Russia
Authors: Smirnov Leonid Vitalievich , Kharlamov Valentin Stanislavovich
Published: May 2021

Russia is attractive to foreign citizens not only for its originality which lies in the beauty of people and nature or in the presence of unique attractions. They are also attracted by the possibility of doing work and business. However, not all foreign citizens are law-abiding. Some of their representatives are distinguished by illegal behavior. It happens that noncitizens of Russia commit crimes. Purpose of the research: to consider the state, structure and dynamics of crimes of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation; to work out the categories of crimes for which they are convicted; to give information about representatives of foreign countries dominating places of imprisonment; to assess the nature of the repetition of crimes committed in Russia by foreign immigrants; to reveal their age range and give information about the commission of repeated crimes in Russia by foreigners who have served their sentences in domestic correction facilities. Methods: the work based on a systematic approach widely uses general scientific and specific scientific methods. General scientific methods, such as logical, structural-functional, analysis and synthesis methods, made it possible to identify the features of the foreigners’ recidivism risk in Russia. Modern criminological concepts based on such specific scientific methods as the method of interpretation and the methods of interpreting documents have successfully fostered the development of the research problem. Main results: the research made it possible to assess the nature of “foreign crime” in the Russian Federation and the recidivism rate of foreign immigrants. Novelty: the research shows the contingent of foreign citizens serving sentences in Russian correction facilities and differentiated by categories of crimes; it also presents their criminological features, reveals the post-penitentiary recidivism of foreign immigrants, it gives a comparative assessment of foreigners’ repeated crimes in Russia and at home.
Special features of criminal statistics of criminality in the field of sport
Authors: Bezborodov Dmitry Anatolyevich , Berestovoy Andrey Nikolaevich , Kravchenko Roman Mikhailovich , Rakhmanova Ekaterina Nikolaevna , Topilskaya Elena Valentinovna
Published: May 2021

The modern state of criminality and its statistical analysis are an integral part of any criminological research including the field of sport. Besides the main factors forming the crime rate, the data of the judicial statistics are also influenced by the so-called minor factors that are beyond the statistics. The objective of the present research is to reveal the factors influencing the formation of indicators of statistics in the field of sport. The research uses the systematic, structural and functional, comparative and historical, and formal judicial methods that allowed determining the main directions and methods of execution of criminality recording in the field of sport that is highly latent. It was determined that there were discrepancies of the normative requirements with the qualification of wrongful acts that allowed revealing the particular correlation between the changes in the criminal law and the statistical indicators. The overrating of crime detection statistics by the particular changes in parameters of crime committed shall be called additional factors influencing the reliability and objectivity of the statistics. At the same time, the statistics of crime committed in the field of sport are required for prognostic purposes, as well as for preventive purposes, as its absence contradicts the social practice. This problem is especially acute for sportsmen who due to the reasons related, for example, to the harm injured to their health and life, do not have the ability to continue their professional career. It is a systematic approach to registering crimes committed in the field of sport that allows performing the crime prevention in full that can save also the health and life of a sportsman.
Legal nature of the agreement on the use of security measures in relation to criminal proceeding participants
Authors: Grigoryeva Natalia Vladimirovna , Ugolnikova Natalia Viktorovna , Samoroka Viktor Anatolievich , Zhamkova Olga Evgenievna
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the presence of a set of theoretical and practical issues and gaps in the legal regulation of the agreement concluded with the protected person on the conditions of security measures, mutual obligations, and responsibility of the parties. In this regard, based on an independent scientific study, the article attempts to substantiate the legal nature of the specified agreement as a special legal institute based not only on the rules of criminal procedure but also on civil law, since civil law determines the general provisions of agreements. In implementing the provisions of the institute of state protection of criminal proceeding participants, the leading research method is justified as increasing the effectiveness of legal norms on security measures through modeling the most optimal algorithm of the agreement with the person subject to state protection. Based on the results of the data obtained, the analysis of factors positively and negatively affecting the procedure of making decisions on security measures and the conclusion of the agreement was also carried out. The article focuses on the practical orientation of the results, which provide methodological and applied assistance to employees of state protection bodies in criminal cases. As a result of the study, the authors justify the need to develop a standard form of the agreement; the form, structure, and content of the agreement are proposed; the possibility of improving the legal framework through the development and adoption of a particular regulatory legal act of an open nature regulating the order of the agreement in the system of internal affairs bodies is determined. The research will provide academic, organizational, and legal assistance to state defense departments and investigators, inquirers, prosecutors, teachers, students, and anyone interested in ensuring security in criminal proceedings.
Formation of the trial jury in the period of the pandemic: Russian and foreign experience
Authors: Voskobitova Lydia Alekseevna , Vilkova Tatiana Yurievna , Nasonov Sergei Aleksandrovich , Khokhryakov Maksim Aleksandrovich , Rahmadjonzoda Rifat Rahmadjon , Yuldoshev Rifat Rahmadjon
Published: May 2021

The prerequisites for the research were formed by a complex collision between the legal nature of proceedings in the jury court and the standard sanitary and epidemiological restrictions. This collision was revealed in the course of the theoretical treatment of administration of justice in the pandemic period. The primary stage of judicial proceedings involving the participation of the jury was highlighted by the authors as a subject of the research – formation of the trial jury, where the said collision appears to be especially acute. The purpose of the study was to search for possible solutions to this collision; the objective – verification of the hypothesis stating that the pandemic situation has engendered a significant modification of the procedural form of trial jury selection. To resolve this problem, the normative approach, along with the method of legal comparative studies, was used: the criminal procedure legislation and the practice of its enforcement in the Russian Federation and a number of foreign countries was analysed. General logical methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and progression from the abstract to the concrete, etc. The result of the research is the identification of special approaches in the Russian and foreign models of court proceedings involving the participation of the jury, reflecting the intention to adjust the procedure of trial jury formation to the pandemic period requirements: telecommuted formation of the trial jury in full or in part; replacing verbal questioning of candidates to the jury with a written questionnaire; extending the questioning of jury candidates through the inclusion of specific issues concerning the epidemiological situation. The hypothesis proposed in the publication was confirmed, in particular, relative to the Russian court proceedings with the participation of the jury.
Quintessence of the forensic methodology for investigating illegal acts committed by foreign nationals
Authors: Lantukh Eduard Vladimirovich , Petrakov Sergey Viktorovich , Bachieva Albina Vladimirovna , Shunk Victoria Eduardovna , Romanova Oksana Leonidovna
Published: May 2021

Currently, there is a natural and labor migration, which is also the reason for the growth of crimes committed by foreigners. The purpose of the study is to make a complete algorithmized design of the organizational and procedural measures integrated into the methodology of investigation of any crime, the subject of which is a foreigner. Research methods: analysis of statistical data, survey, analysis and synthesis of comparative research of criminal cases, legal rules, fundamental scientific research, deduction. The novelty of the results: in the work, an algorithm in a synthesized form is created, which can be applied without additional processing by an employee of any law enforcement agency that investigates a crime committed by a foreigner.
Psychophysiological and Psychosemantic Aspects of Teaching Stress-resistant Behavior Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Barinova Marina Gennadievna , Zueva Evgeniya Gennadievna , Sharanov Yuri Aleksandrovich , Rozhkov Anton Alekseevich , Dzjonik Denis Vitalievich
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the psychophysiological aspect of stress tolerance in the professional activities of law enforcement officers arises and manifests itself in connection with the high risk of mistakes in non-ordinary situations, as well as in the development of an algorithm for assessing the prognostic psychophysiological parameters of employees.
Professional motivation of employees of internal affairs bodies as a factor of personnel potential management in the system of the Ministry of internal affairs of Russia
Authors: Dushkin Anton Sergeevich , Goncharova Natalia Andreevna , Fomina Tatyana Fedorovna , Sarsenova Asel Azilbekovna , Kalashnik Aleksandra Arturovna
Published: May 2021

Professional motivation of employees of internal affairs bodies is a significant factor in the management of personnel potential and requires systematic monitoring of indices determining the motivational readiness for the activities of the subjects of the law enforcement sphere. It is determined by indices that reflect the essence of personnel potential, which depends largely on both the psychological parameters of employee motivation and the psychological and pedagogical competence of managers. Structured operational and service tasks are very important in the motivation management or support the importance of employee performance. The systematic monitoring of motivation level ensures its stability and creates conditions for a qualitative prediction of reliability and effectiveness of the subject. The conducted empirical research of motivational profile shows that the motivation level of subjects of professional activity of internal affairs bodies, at the initial stages of professional genesis, is significantly higher and differs by the moral and business nature of orientation from similar indices of subjects at the later stages of professional activity. At the same time, the overall motivation level, regardless of length of service, is mainly represented by average normative indices. The results of the research suggest that in order to ensure the effectiveness of motivation management one should pay attention to the identified values of motivation, reflecting the high need for employees to structure activities, getting feedback on their performance, reducing the uncertainty of the rules and directives of the job, the need to maintain long-term and stable relationships with colleagues.
Consumer protection in the digital environment
Authors: Agibalova Elena , Ilovaysky Igor , Kayl Yanina , Usanova Viktoria
Published: May 2021

The study examines the positive and negative aspects of the spread of digital technologies on legal relations with the participation of consumers. The relevance of the research is due to the complexity of the online environment, in which consumers are vulnerable to risks and challenges that affect their ability to participate in digital transformation. The categories of persons most vulnerable in the digital age are considered; factors contributing to this process; possible counteraction measures by the competent authorities. The purpose of studying these issues is to determine the basis of legal regulation of relations arising in connection with the digitalization of the economy, as well as to justify the improvement of domestic legislation in this area. The main research method was a systematic analysis of the categories “digital environment” and “consumer rights”, as well as a general scientific dialectical method, specific scientific and empirical methods of cognition. The study confirmed the hypothesis that consumers of digital goods (services) are less protected than consumers of traditional goods (services), however, the authors conclude that it is necessary to equally protect the rights of consumers of all social groups, while establishing special protection measures for the most vulnerable of them.
Employment structure transformation through economic activity types perspective
Authors: Almosov Alexandr , Brekhova Yulia , Malysheva Elena , Molokanov Viktor , Chumakova Ekaterina
Published: May 2021

The present study was conducted to identify the reasons in modern information society that caused significant changes in the labor market particularly in its industrial structure through the perspective of individuals employed in real and service sectors. The analysis of the employed population`s statistical sample by economic activity type in enlarged groups of industrial and non-industrial spheres of activity over the past 20 years has shown that scientific and technological transformations have led to a significant shift in the employment structure. The research used statistical data comparison of economic activity types and the ratio of the regions employed in real and service sectors. New types of economic activity are emerging and start prevailing inherent exclusively in the current state of economy in the context of digitalization. A significant structural shift has been revealed in the course of the analysis of the employed population by the enlarged industry affiliation, which demonstrates diametrically opposite positions in the overall structure of employment. The resulting ratio allows us to propose and apply the coefficient of the employment structure, demonstrating a multiplier effect on identifying such jobs creation and preservation of which leads to further employment provisioning. The obtained tool allows managing population employment as well as related social and economic processes as migration outflow and population growth in all age groups, population reproduction, expansion and improvement of educational and health services in a particular territory. In addition, application of the developed employment structure tool allows estimating the amount of investment required to solve these issues.
Network crowdsourcing and youth extremism prevention: law enforcement agencies and civil society
Authors: Fantrov Pavel , Shinkaruk Vladimir , Guhl Wilhelm , Solovyeva Natalya
Published: May 2021

The fight against the manifestation of extremism among young people is an urgent problem that goes beyond law enforcement and requires a comprehensive socio-political solution. At the same time, preventive measures and technologies for the prevention of this negative phenomenon of public life play a significant role in countering extremism. The effective implementation of crowdsourcing network technologies unites national security entities for a coordinated solution of an urgent problem and helps to level the extremist threat. Their effectiveness should be measured based on the number of identified facts of an extremist orientation, and also the quality of leveling the negative consequences caused by extremist activity. To achieve the goal and objectives of the study, a system of scientific methods based on the systemic principle, the institutional approach, and the sociological method was used. All these methods made it possible to identify the importance of network crowdsourcing technologies for the prevention of extremism among the youth in the context of interaction between the state and citizens. When determining the effectiveness of crowdsourcing network technologies, the study evaluated the projects “Cibersquad”, “MediaGuard” and “STOPTERROR”, which participated in the prevention of extremism among young people. Largely due to their promotion, the level of extremist crime in 2019-2020 was reduced (compared to 2018). The article substantiates the effectiveness of crowdsourcing network technologies and concludes that their widespread adoption can “socialize” the system of preventing extremism among the youth, provided that not only government agencies, but also constructively-minded citizens’ associations are its most important actors.
Current security issues in the information society
Authors: Filippova Anastasia
Published: May 2021

That scientific research highlights specific items of modernization in the field of public society information security. Taking into account professional and public orientation, government support is aimed at promotion of human recourse, provision of information support. Currently human mind is one the most valuable item. In this regard, jurists are responsible for explanation of political, economic and legal points. Moreover, it is rather important to reveal an experienced specialist in it. Among the new challenges and threats, the problem of information security is the main one. Information technologies cause considerable impact on management of humans being. Scientific analysis of problems in the field of information security has shown that there is an insufficient level of public awareness. More precisely the problem is in ability to use password with high degree of protection, spread of unnecessary information in social networks. In that research are touched upon various concepts of information society. Also, main theories and elements are analyzed, which are included into meaning of information society. The difference between main information and other types of social values are covered. Specifics of the above problem, its reasons and impact on development of society are outlined. The conclusion encompasses problems of legal regulation of information security (fragmentation, absence of system). In cognitive activity, scientific complex, including legal, economic, scientific and practical approaches was used.
Application of LMS Moodle for distance learning foreign languages at university
Authors: Kandrashkina Oksana , Revina Elena
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the application of the Moodle system for teaching the subject of foreign languages (English language) at the distance learning department of Petroleum engineering at Samara State Technical University (Russia). The paper provides an outline of the course structure, tools for practical classes, independent work and the forms of assessment procedure. The course content is presented and divided into modules in a logical way according to the main education programme. The tool chosen for instruction for practical classes has been the Page tool. Tasks for independent work are provided via the Assignment tool. The efficiency of the course has been analyzed according to the data provided by the system: students` online activity in the course, fulfilled assignments and assessment reports based on the quiz results. The research has proved that the tools chosen for the course to be relevant to the subject. Analysis has shown that the learning materials and files with exercises are easily accessible. Moodle system has been considered to be appropriate for distance learning of students with a low level of language proficiency.
Prospects of legal regulation and use of the digital rouble
Authors: Kostikova Ekaterina , Alekseeva Diana , Rybakova Svetlana , Savina Anna
Published: May 2021

This article considers the problems associated with the prospects of central banks issuing and circulating digital currency, in particular the digital rouble. The study found that at present there is virtually no need to issue such a currency as an alternative to cryptocurrency (virtual currency), because cryptocurrency has largely lost its properties as a means of payment with the acquisition of the qualities of an investment instrument. The advantages of a cryptocurrency over non-cash money, which is familiar and also has excellent qualities as a settlement tool, are also not obvious. The positioning of offline payments as a benefit of the digital rouble is questionable given the prospects of full Internet coverage in Russia and the significant technological and legal complexities involved in the organization and control of such payments. Building trust in the new form of the national currency, without which it will not be in demand, will require building a mechanism for legal protection of consumers' rights. There is also a need for a mechanism to address the risks associated with laundering proceeds of crime, financing terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It is difficult to formalise such a mechanism in the absence of international legal regulation
Human rights protection on the internet in Russia and abroad
Authors: Kovaleva Natalia , Kulikova Svetlana , Zhirnova Natalia , Rudchenko Tatiana
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on the analysis of legal protection of personal, political, labor, educational and other rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens on the Internet, as there are generally recognized problems related to their violation by individuals or various organizations.The authors analyze how citizens’ rights, such as the right of access to the Internet (the right to the internet connection, the right to IT neutrality, the right to availability of internet service, the right to comfortable usage of internet services, the right not to be disconnected) the right to digital identity (the possibility to manage internet data of private persons), the right to anonymity (the possibility of carrying out certain actions under a false name without revealing personal data that would allow the person to be identified), the right to discard unwanted information (to protect oneself against spam), the right to be forgotten, right to safe internet use, both in the technological as well in the contextual meaming, are declared and implemented on the Internet.
Selected aspects of legal regulation of e-justice in Russia
Authors: Kvitsiniya Natalya , Osadchenko Elvira , Belova Olesya
Published: May 2021

The article is dedicated to the research of how information and telecommunication technologies are used in the legal procedure and of problems of development of e-justice in Russia. What is more, the topic of additional opportunities for the trial parties in civil law cases is covered as well. The authors have identified several problems connected to the development of e-justice and have suggested solutions, using video conferences in court proceedings. Recommendations are given in the article, as well as possible solutions to problems emerging in the process of development of e-justice in Russia.
Legal regulation of investment activity in the republic of Kalmykia in the context of the digital economy development: the civil aspect
Authors: Minkeev Ochir , Sharonov Sergey
Published: May 2021

The article uses the means of civil science to identify the problems of applying the normative legal acts of the Republic of Kalmykia regulating the relations of investment activity in the context of the digital economy development. Within the framework of this study, the author systematizes three groups of regulatory legal acts dealing with the relations of investment activity in the Republic of Kalmykia, each containing certain problems. The key problem of the first group, consisting of civil legislation and other acts containing civil law norms, is the lack of a unified approach to regulating investment activities. The second group, which is a set of separate Laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kalmykia, dealing with the issues under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kalmykia, contains a problem expressed in the lack of proper legal regulation of investment activity in the republic. The problem of the third group, consisting of municipal acts providing legal regulation of relations arising from the management and disposal of municipal property objects that can act as objects of investment activity, is the lack of a legislative basis for the implementation of the public function.
Digital rights under the civil law of the Russian Federation
Authors: Mograbyan Armine
Published: May 2021

The article discusses a new object of civil rights, which appeared as a result of the addition of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation with article 141.1 “Digital rights”. The features of the definition of digital rights in Russian civil law are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the formulation of the concept of digital rights contained in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The author draws attention to the fact that according to Russian civil law, digital rights include only those that are directly named as such in the law, which indicates a legislative limitation of their turnover. In addition, the adopted laws on crowdfunding and digital financial assets were reviewed, as well as utilitarian digital rights and digital rights that relate to digital financial assets were analyzed. Attention is also drawn to other problems raised in the science of civil law regarding the modernization of Russian civil legislation in the field of digital rights. The author emphasizes the positive nature of the appearance in the Russian law of norms on digital rights, as an indicator of a legislative response to the digitalization of the economy and law, and a necessary prerequisite for further regulation of civil law relations changing under its influence.
Digitalization of the decision-making process in criminal proceedings
Authors: Muratova Nadezhda , Solovyeva Natalya , Shinkaruk Vladimir , Rudkovskiy Victor , Fantrov Pavel
Published: May 2021

The law enforcement behavior of the subject of decision-making in criminal proceedings has developed a certain algorithm in the system of criminal procedure law. Many probabilistic bases existing in the Russian legislation for making procedural decisions, rating expectations of the variable outcome of a procedural decision in a criminal case - all this provides for the need to introduce mathematical methods for researching the actual circumstances of a criminal case, their classification structure and logical justification. The purpose of the research is to identify the features of digitalization of the decision-making process in criminal proceedings. The research used a system of scientific methods, which is based on the principle of consistency, an institutional approach and sociological methods, which made it possible to evaluate the institutional basis for the introduction of mathematical and information and communication methods in the decision-making process in criminal proceedings. In the context of this problem, the authors pay special attention to the blockchain technology, this is a continuous sequential chain of blocks built according to certain rules, containing information, access to which excludes data theft, fraud, violation of property rights, and invasion of the system of making criminal procedural decisions. In the course of the research, they show the main institutional directions in the process of algorithmization of criminal procedure decisions. The article concludes that by applying a universal mathematical language in describing legal phenomena, quantitative values and statistical indicators, the subject of law is able to calculate the optimal correct decision in specific conditions in a criminal case.
Project activity in the sphere of digital technologies
Authors: Panova E.P. , Saenko N.R. , Volkova P.S. , Bobyreva E.V. , Kortunov V.V.
Published: May 2021

The article considers the problems that arose in the situation when the world’s system of education has been forced to transfer into distance learning mode because of the pandemic. For the first time mankind had got an experience when it became necessary to abandon traditional training. In such situation, it was possible to continue providing education both in schools and in the universities due to the advantages that “digitalization” of education carries, though a number of shortcomings that both teachers and students faced were also revealed. Empirical experiment allowed to find out that distance education has significant shortcomings which affect both quality of knowledge and physical and mental health of people as well as socio-cultural adaptation and socialization of foreign students. Abandonment of traditional education in favor of distant one carries significant losses in the quality of education and, as a result, decreases the ability to create a harmonious and comprehensively developed personality. Authors of the article come to the conclusion that distance education should be used as an additional form of education in comparison to basic one (traditional), that is, it can provide positive results only in the complex (traditional plus distance).
Computer aspect of interdisciplinary research in philosophy of education and computer science
Authors: Petrova Julia , Vasichkina Olga
Published: May 2021

A large-scale global study of events both within and between disciplines provides strong evidence that leading thinkers have begun to introduce new ways of thinking to the point that most academic disciplines have undergone major paradigm changes throughout the twentieth century, according to Guidley. Increasingly, over the past forty years, we can see significant changes, if not in all, then in the main scientific disciplines. New ways of thinking have appeared in almost all disciplines. With the help of interdisciplinary approaches, a movement has emerged to integrate knowledge, moving beyond the fragmentation of knowledge related to disciplinary specialization. Computer technologies and computer concepts have penetrated almost all areas of academic research. These events can be considered as the implementation of new ways of thinking and new models of knowledge, respectively, and may be edges of the evolution of consciousness, in which computer technologies occupy a significant place. Education and communication in the age of globalization and computerization are an obvious necessity for the continued existence of society.
Legal protection of photographs in the digital age: Russian regulation
Authors: Rozhkova Marina , Isaeva Olga
Published: May 2021

Appeared in 1826, the photography has been much developed so far. Being mostly used for pragmatic purposes at the dawn of its existence, today, the photography is not only art, but also serves to depict a person at a certain point in time and even for personal identification. The photographs are used as evidence and as technical means of reproduction of other works of authorship. However, although the photographs have always been tacitly divided into informative and aesthetic ones, and various legal regimes of photography have already been enshrined in the Russian legislation, it is still not really clear how all those regimes relate to each other. Trying to answer that question the authors reveal problems and gaps existing in the current Russian regulation of photographs and make some proposals that could be useful for both the scientists when furthering the discussion on the topic and the legislator when developing the existing rules.
Current issues of using digital technologies for environmental protection: legal aspect
Authors: Ryzhenkov Anatoliy , Burinova Lidiya
Published: May 2021

The global changes of recent years in the world around us indicate that the line between the physical and digital worlds becomes blurred. More and more sectors of social life move online, and digital technologies have an increasingly strong influence on the industrial, agricultural, scientific, medical, educational, and other processes. Digitalization technologies have a particular influence on the evolution of traditional ideas about the methods of environmental protection. Though most international legal acts do not place a direct emphasis on this, many environmental problems caused by the globalization era can hardly be resolved without using digital technologies (for example, in terms of overcoming the consequences of global climate change). Further development of digital technologies will reduce the consumption of hydrocarbons and greenhouse gas emissions, help to mitigate the consequences of the emergence of e-waste. The use of environmental digital technologies within the framework of global and national environmental monitoring, improvement of the safety of the operation of industrial enterprises, in agriculture, as well within the framework of enhancement of the comfort of living in the urban environment, is quite promising. However, in Russian environmental legislation, there is now no direct mention of the possibilities of using digital technologies in the field of environmental protection, which should be corrected by supplementing the law with a special chapter.
Concession as a state investment policy tool
Authors: Shor Inna , Pushkarev Viktor , Tokareva Ekaterina , Shepeleva Olga
Published: May 2021

Russian Federation’s competitiveness is largely interconnected with the state investment policy’s development level. However, the need for investments in high-quality infrastructure, on the one hand, and corresponding budget funds deficit, on the other hand, highlight the problem of the state and business entities’ cooperation by means of concession. At the same time there are many barriers, which hinder the concession’s consecutive development. That is why the research goal includes the elaboration of measures, aimed at the effective application of a concession as a tool of state investment policy. The systematic approach and a set of scientific measures, including observation, expert assessment, statistical data processing, analysis and comparison have been applied in the study. As a result, the research authors define the following growth areas of a concession: legal normative (normative consolidation of the concession’s development strategies and programmes, quality improvement of the methodological and legal concession projects elaboration), production organizational (quality improvement of territorial planning when proposing concessional agreements, the application of a complex approach to concession’s facilities’ modernization and etc.) and economic (broadening the spectrum of budgetary and non-budgetary tools used for financing concessional projects, elaboration of reasonable requirements to guarantee exposure according to the concessional agreement and etc.).
Electronic document flow as evidence in civil proceeding: evaluation features and application problems
Authors: Stankevich G.V. , Vilgonenko I.M. , Slepenok Y.N. , Litvishko O.M.
Published: May 2021

Due to the development of information technologies, electronic document flow is actively becoming a part of modern life, and the activity of courts is not an exception. Electronic documents are increasingly considered by courts as evidence in civil cases. Judicial practice faces certain problems when evaluating such evidence due to the insufficiency of legal regulation of such kind of evidence. The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the existence of an electronic document as a type of written evidence, attempts to reveal the essence of an electronic document, define its features as compared to a traditional written document, and analyzes the approaches to the definition of the concept of ‘electronic document’, which have developed in Russian legal science. The analysis of the practice in the application of an electronic document as evidence with regard to relevance, admissibility and adequacy is carried out. Certain problems which judges have to face when using an electronic document as evidence have been identified. The authors’ understanding of an electronic document is submitted, the framework of problems and gaps under current civil procedure legislation is defined, and methods of solution are proposed. The need to define an independent type of evidence – electronic evidence is substantiated, with it further being enshrined in the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, as well as to formalize in legislation the concept of an ‘electronic information medium’.
Russian legal experience in using information technologies in diagnostics of reflux esophagitis
Authors: Voevodina Anna
Published: May 2021

This publication focuses on a theoretical investigation of the issues of Russian experience in the application of digital technologies in the provision of medical care in the diagnosis of oesophageal hernia complicated by reflux esophagitis. The relevance of the research lies not only in the increasing number of patients diagnosed with reflux esophagitis, but also in the current digital paradigm of the entire Russian healthcare system. Despite domestic legislative attempts to legally regulate the use of digital technologies in health care through the regulatory introduction of telemedicine technology, as is most common, certain issues in the use of this digital "platform" in health care remain unresolved. The methodological basis of this study is the methods of comparative analysis, system-structural analysis and synthesis. The author has assessed the possibility of using telemedicine technologies in the context of the doctor-patient relationship, implemented in a remote format, when diagnosing a patient, including from the position of significant territorial remoteness of the patient. There is a focus on the need for a more specific legal regulation in terms of legally establishing the definition for guaranteeing the security of personal data received by participants in the consultation, processed by them when applying telemedicine technologies.
Messinstrumente zur Erfassung von Bindungsaufbau während Schwangerschaft und nach der Geburt (Teil 3 einer Serie zur psychologischen Diagnostik im Peripartalzeitraum)
Authors: Weigl Tobias , Garthus-Niegel Susan
Published: May 2021

Der Bindungsaufbau von (werdenden) Müttern und Vätern zu ihrem Kind hat große Bedeutung für das psychische Wohlbefinden der Eltern und des Kindes. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn bei den Eltern bereits psychische Beschwerden wie Depressionen vorhanden sind. Darüber hinaus können frühkindliche Bindungserfahrungen sowohl die psychische Gesundheit des Kindes als auch spätere Beziehungen beeinflussen. Klassische Verfahren der Bindungsforschung wie der Fremde-Situations-Test zur standardisierten Erfassung des Bindungserlebens sind jedoch für den klinischen Alltag in Neonatologie und Geburtshilfe nicht praktikabel, zumal hier v. a. das Bindungsverhalten des Kindes im Fokus steht. Zudem kann die Bindung zum ungeborenen Kind so nicht erfasst werden. Daher bieten sich zur Erfassung des elterlichen Bindungserlebens v. a. Fragebögen an. Sowohl für die Zeit der Schwangerschaft, als auch für den Postpartalzeitraum sind geeignete Instrumente vorhanden, die jedoch überwiegend für Frauen entwickelt wurden. Allerdings besteht bei den meisten Fragebögen Bedarf zur methodischen Weiterentwicklung, da Cut-off Werte sowie Normwerte z. T. bisher nicht etabliert wurden. Solche Werte dürften allerdings insbesondere in der Regelversorgung von Bedeutung sein. Insgesamt scheint die Erfassung des Bindungserlebens sinnvoll zu sein, damit rechtzeitig Unterstützung beim Bindungsaufbau gegeben oder in unterstützende Angebote vermittelt werden kann.