bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Analysis for Solar Hybrid Power of Ocean-Going Fishing Vessels towards Low Carbon
Authors: Ren Li , Diao You Ming , Han Qing
Published: December 2012

With the rising of fuel prices, the gradual depletion of conventional energy sources and the development of low-carbon economy, it has been paid more attention to energy effective utilization and new energy using. In this paper, considering the hybrid power of solar and diesel engine, the economy and carbon emissions of ocean-going fishing vessels are analyzed and studied. The characteristics of energy consumption and operating costs are discussed for ocean-going fishing vessels. The carbon emission calculation methods are introduced. Based on thus, taking the NPV and CO2e as measurement indicators, considering the different solar panel surfaces and the growth rate of fuel prices, the energy constitution for solar hybrid power of Ocean-going fishing vessels are researched, thus can provide the useful reference for the construction of carbon trading system.
Research and Analysis on Energy Efficiency of Typical Residential Building in Super Cold Area
Authors: Li Hui Xing , Wang Wei , Li Bei Ni , Xiao Wei
Published: December 2012

The purpose of the paper is to research and analysis energy-efficient technology suited the residential building and energy consumption level of building, master the application of energy saving technology in building, thus provide the basis for energy saving and integrated application of adaptability in different buildings. The basic materials of residence in Shenyang were collected by the form of survey analysis, at the same time, evaluation and analysis of the energy consumption data. Through the investigation and building self assessment index analysis of the heat consumption, to achieve the requirements of the energy saving 65%.Building is obviously relevant to climate, and 90% of electricity consumption for appliances and lighting. There is a lot of energy waste with 40% of the building water consumption for flushing. Through to the analysis of the residential energy consumption, the key to energy saving of residential building are the thermal performance of the building itself, make full use of natural light and other measures, and improve the energy consumption of the system in the building and equipment efficiency.
Research of Ductility and Crack of Square Steel Tube Regeneration Block Mixed Short Columns
Authors: Li Yue Hong , Zhang Ping , Li Bai Shou
Published: December 2012

In order to analyze regeneration block mixed short columns and crack of recycled blocks, to flakiness ratio, mixing ratio, confinement coefficient and there are no ribs for the pilot study on main parameters, on root regeneration of thin-walled square tube 15 blocks of mixed axial compression test of short column. Research results indicates that: Specimen without ribs of ductility coefficient are going with flakiness ratio confinement coefficient of increases and reduces, approximate is linear relationship; and Specimen with rib short column of ductility coefficient are with flakiness ratio and confinement coefficient of increases and first increases then reduces, approximate is parabola relationship; internal concrete of Specimen without ribs of crack distribution concentrated in column Central, and internal concrete of Specimen with ribs of crack distribution along axis to more uniform, with ANSYS established model on internal concrete crack for nonlinear analysis. And experimental waist-shaped crease damaged concrete cracks occurred when parts of development corresponds to the situation.
Study on Chemical Grout Permeation Mechanism Based on Experiment of Mud and Sand Medium
Authors: Tian Duo , Shi Hao Yu , Fu En Jun
Published: December 2012

In order to fully mechanized caving face bypass collapse column on safety and high efficiency, this paper do similarity simulation experiment, and obtained experimental result that main type of seepage flow includes finger seepage and surface seepage, the grout enter into around pore and occupy it’s space in grouting pressure. Moisture content of mud and sand medium is lower, grouting process can be regarded as single-phase permeability, analysis on the relation between grouting diffusion radius and other parameters. may know that grouting diffusion radius is increased with the increase of permeability coefficient and grouting pressure and grouting time, and is decreased with the increase of Porosity and grout viscosity.
Bionic Study on Structural Solar Absorption Materials Based on Microstructure Pattern of Butterfly Scales
Authors: Wu Li Yan , Qiu Zhao Mei , Song Yu Qiu
Published: December 2012

With development of solar technology, high absorbance is no longer a hard problem in solar heat utilization. Many solar absorbing coating can easily get absorbance over 90%, but the coating materials and their manufacturing processes may harm seriously to human and environment. A typical plateau butterfly-- Lycaenidae was studied with bionic method in this work. It has considerable solar absorbing capacity for the physical microstructure in its wing scales but not chemicals. The 3D microstructure of the wing scales was measured and analyzed with SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscope) and TEM (Transition Electronic Microscope). The solar absorbing mechanism of the ridge and bottom microstructure was analyzed respectively based on geometrical optics and photon crystal theories. This study may promote solar heat utilization through a bionic structural material way.
Solid- Alkali Catalyst of Mussel Shell Used in Producing Biodiesel
Authors: Zhang Yi Jun , Liu Sheng Yong
Published: December 2012

Calcium dioxide can catalyze soybean oil to obtain biodiesel in triglyceride transesteriﬁcation. Waste mussel shells were utilized as a source of calcium oxide. The shell was calcined in N2 at 1000°C with optimum time of 2 h to obtain active CaO catalysts. Parametric studies have been investigated and perfect conditions were found to be methanol/oil mole ratio, 9:1; catalyst amount, 4wt%; reaction temperature, 65°C; stirring rate of 450 round per minute; reaction time, constant 3h; methyl esters conversion above 98% . Reusability results improved that the prepared catalyst is able to be reemployed up to 9 times. These results indicate waste mussel shell combusted at high temperature can be reused in biodiesel production as a low cost catalyst.
Non-Woven Operational Stability of Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor and its Fluence Factors
Authors: Long Fei , Liu Kang Huai , Shi Qi Feng , Yin Yi Ming , Yan Bo , Wang Li Wen , Chen Lei
Published: December 2012

The paper adopts the NW-DMBR to treat the domestic wastewater; examines the stability of the operation and analyzes the effect of organic loading of inflow, sludge loading, hydraulic retention time, dissolved oxygen and pH on the stability. The purpose is about obtaining the best parameters through the system operation from the experiments and providing the main references for the application in engineering.
The Effect of Support on the Catalytic Performance for Bio-Oil Upgrading
Authors: Ma Zhong Yi , Wei Lin , Qu Wang Da , Juson James , Zhu Qing Wei , Wang Xun Zhang
Published: December 2012

Catalysts play critical roles in hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes of upgrading biomass-derived bio-oil to drop-in fuels. The selectivity and deactivate of catalysts, however, still remain biggest challenge. By using ZSM-5, alumina, and activated carbon as supports, different catalysts made up with Ru were prepared and tested in a bio-oil upgrading process. The effect of supports were investigated and compared in term of surface properties. The results showed that the ZSM-5 based catalysts got more water phase because of its highest surface acidity. The alumina changed to aluminum hydroxide in the presence of water at the reaction conditions. Activated carbon based catalysts showed good catalytic performance with more hydrocarbons and less water phase content in the upgraded bio-oil. All of upgraded bio-oils were verified by chemical analysis using a GC-MS. Nevertheless, further study for the kinetics of catalytically upgrading bio-oil is recommended.
Biodiesel Production from a Novel Raw Material Tung Oil
Authors: Yang Jian Jun , Guai Wei Sheng , Yang Ming Yan
Published: December 2012

Tung oil from the south of Shaanxi province was assayed by chemical analysis technology, its compositions of fatty acid was discovered with gas chromotography. As experiment results, Lipase-catalyzed Tung oil producing biodiesel plays a dominant role in the process of enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel in tert-butanol reaction system.we needed controlling the continuous flow rate in the reaction system and maintained a very high FAMEs yield. Tung oil from south Shaanxi could be an ideal raw material for biodiesel production.
A New Model for Computing Daily Global Radiation of Lanzhou, China
Authors: Cheng Xiao Jun , Jiang Ying Ni , Liu Yue Hua
Published: December 2012

Models for computing daily global radiation for Lanzhou of China were developed. The development of the models was based on the analysis of global and daily sunshine duration data during 10 years. Estimated values were compared with measured values in terms of statistical error tests such as mean percentage error (MPE), mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE). The model performing best was selected. The global solar radiation estimated from the best model was compared with measured values. It was determined that the predicted values have good agreement with the measured values at high daily global radiation.
Data Analysis and Temperature Compensation of Laser CH4 Detection System
Authors: Li Yan Fang , Wang Chang , Wei Yu Bei , Zhao Yan Jie , Zhang Tingting , Liu Tong Yu
Published: December 2012

One fiber laser CH4 detection system based on the spectrum absorption is provided. The system has the advantages such as high accuracy, fast response and highly specific and so on. But the absorption coefficient of the methane and the characteristic of the electronic and optic device are all affected by the temperature. So the test value has interdependency to the environment temperature. In this paper, we give the measure principle of the detector and the analyses of the data which last one month uninterrupted. And then the temperature compensate was introduced to improve the performance of the detector.
The Economical and Technological Analysis of Straw Cogeneration in Northeast China
Authors: Bai Li , Zhang Xiao Hang , Chu Jia Rui
Published: December 2012

30 MW straw power turbines are most suitable in the major corn producing areas in Northeast China. This paper takes straw power plants that are already used in practice as examples to demonstrate the technological and economical analysis of straw power-generating projects. The research results show that straw cogeneration is advantageous in energy utilization rate, economic profits, and etc.
Research on Reliability Assessment of Power System with Wind Farms
Authors: Jiang Wen , Cheng Ye Xia , Cheng Ye Jian
Published: December 2012

Due to randomness and fluctuation of wind speed, reliability of power system will be affected severely with increasing wind energy injected into power grid. In order to evaluate the effect on reliability of power system with wind farms, the author considers feature of time-sequential and self-correlation of wind speeds and builds an auto-regressive and moving average (ARMA) model to forecast wind speeds. Combining with state models of conventional generating units, transmission lines and transformers, a time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation reliability model is proposed to do reliability assessment of composite generation and transmission system with wind farm. IEEE-RTS test system is introduced to prove the proposed model. Analysis and comparison of results show that reliability can be improved clearly after integration of wind farm.
Study on the Influence of Wind Power to the Power Supply Side with Consideration of CO2 Emission Reduction
Authors: He Nan , Tan Zhong Fu , Zhang Chen , An Jian Qiang
Published: December 2012

Cost-effectiveness analysis model is established in this paper to examine the influence of the incorporation of wind power to the whole power supply system. Thermal power plants are used as the backup for wind power due to its intermittence, which will increase the coal consumption so that lower the profit of the thermal power plants. A further optimization model is also established to work out the profit of both the power plants and the grid after the incorporation of wind power, and the influence on the CO2 emission as well. It came to the conclusion that although the cost of coal-fired power plants increases because of offering back up to the wind power, CO2 emission from the generation side will decline which has the environmental benefit.
Influence of Wind Turbine Aero-Elastic Load on Dynamic Response of Floating Platform
Authors: Yan Fa Suo , Wang Hong Wei , Zhang Jun , Zhang Da Gang
Published: December 2012

A numerical code, known as COUPLE, which has been developed to perform hydrodynamic analysis of floating body with a mooring system, is extended to collaborate with FAST to evaluate the interactions between wind turbine and its floating base. FAST is developed by National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) for aeroelastic simulation of wind turbines. A dynamic response analysis of a spar type floating wind turbine system is carried out by the method. Two types of simulation of wind load are used in the analysis. One type is a constant steady force and the other is a six-component dynamic load from a turbulent wind model. Numerical results of related platform motions under random sea conditions are presented in time and frequency domain. Comparison of results is performed to explain the difference of two analyses. The conclusions derived in this study may provide reference for the design of offshore floating wind turbines.
Improvement of Transient Voltage Stability of the Wind Farm Using SVC
Authors: Zhao Yong Bin , Yang Jun , Sun Qiu Ye , Huang Xu
Published: December 2012

Static var compensator (SVC) is used to improve transient voltage stability of the asynchronous wind farm. The issue of voltage stability and transient stability of wind power system are also addressed. A novel control strategy of SVC is proposed instead of the types of traditional feedforward and uniline feedback to control SVC. The proposed method makes control performance better and the compensation efficiency higher. At the same time, balanced compensation strategy of orientation vector conversion is applied instead of traditional model of steady-state phasor to calculate the compensation electrical susceptance. Using this method can overcome the shortcoming of dynamic characteristics and adaptability. At last, the simulation results indicate this control strategy could improve the stability of wind farm effectively and quickly.
MPPT of Wind Energy Conversion System Based on Fuzzy Control
Authors: Fang Ke , Su Yan Jun , Liu Xin Dong
Published: December 2012

The output characteristics of wind energy conversion system are affected by the wind speed stochastic nonlinearity and uncertainty. To improve conversion efficiency, the method of realizing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on fuzzy control is proposed. Through adjusting the speed of the wind turbine by output power, the system approximates the maximum power operating point without wind speed sensor. The method constantly revises the system parameter in operation so that the parameter can be constantly optimized. Simulation results are given and discussed with MATLAB/SIMULINK to validate that the proposed control strategy has the good performance in terms of dynamic response and steady property.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Doubly-Fed VSCF Wind Generator Based on PSCAD/EMTDC
Authors: Li Kang Yi , Lu Chao , Zhang Xiao Zhen , Yu Miao
Published: December 2012

In order to build an aggregated wind farm model to research on the effect large scale wind power has on the transient performance of the power system, firstly, it is necessary to build an effective WTGs model. Based on the electro-magnetic transient simulation platform PSCAD/EMTDC, this paper built models of all the parts of Doubly-fed type VSCF wind generator, including wind model, wind turbine model, rotation system model, detailed converters model, and emphatically expounded the implementation process of the control strategy based on the stator flux vector oriented principle. Then through the change of wind speed and setting three-phase short-circuit fault on the net side, the model is verified on the decoupling control of active and reactive power for maximum point power tracking (MPPT) and the ability of low voltage ride-through.
Modeling and Simulation of the Impact of Wind Power Integration on Power Market Based on System Dynamics
Authors: Li Chen , Zhou Li Sha , Zeng Ming
Published: December 2012

The impact of wind power integration on power market is complex and time-dependent, and can be reflected by some key factors with causal feedback relationships. First, the System Dynamics feature of the impact of wind power integration on power market is analyzed; second, according to the causal feedback relationships among the key factors, the System Dynamics model of the impact of wind power integration on power market is established; on this basis, under the scenario of wind power integrated capacity increasing, the impacts of wind power integration on the power supply and demand, power price and costs in power market are dynamically simulated, and the validity of the System Dynamics model in this paper is verified.
Study on Relevant Policies of Solar Photovoltaic Technology in China
Authors: Wang Shu Xia , Ruan Ying Jun , Tan Hong Wei
Published: December 2012

This paper first compares with international incentive policies, reviews some relevant incentive measures in China. Meanwhile, introduce the content of the critical subsidy policies in detail, summarize its positive impact on PV industrial development, and analyze a few of representative unreasonable problem in the process of policy application. Finally, gains some inspirations for the worldwide application of PV industry in China as follow: promotes the on-grid of building integrated PV (BIPV) projects, formulates rational feed-in tariff linking to the distinction of solar energy resources of different areas, which can ensure the profitability of PV industry in its operation period.
The Human Reliability Analysis in Level 2 PSA Using SPAR-H Method
Authors: Wang Yao
Published: December 2012

This paper describes the characteristic and special considerations of human reliability analysis (HRA) in level 2 Probabilisitic Reliability Analysis (PSA), and demonstrates in level 2 PSA how to use SPAR-H method which is so-called an advanced second-generation HRA method and is being widely used in PSA for Chinese NPPs.
Microstructures and Electrochemical Properties of La0.7Ce0.3Ni3.7Co0.7-xAl0.2Mn0.4(Fe0.43B0.57)x (x = 0-0.4) Hydrogen Storage Alloys
Authors: Zhou Yu , Fan Yan Ping , Peng Xian Yun , Liu Bao Zhong
Published: December 2012

X-ray diffraction results indicate that pristine alloy has a single LaNi5 phase and the alloys containing Fe0.43B0.57 consist of the matrix LaNi5 phase and the La3Ni13B2 secondary phase. The abundance of La3Ni13B2 phase increases with increasing x value. Maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes monotonically decreases from 336.1 mAh/g (x = 0) to 281.2 mAh/g (x = 0.4). High-rate dischargeability of the alloy electrodes first increases with increasing x from 0 to 0.20, and then decreases when x increases to 0.4. Cycling stability decreases with increasing x from 0 to 0.4.
Determining PEMFC Model Parameters with IPSO Algorithm
Authors: Wang Xiao Dong , Ye Mei Ying , Xu You Sheng
Published: December 2012

An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed for determining proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model parameters according to its V-I characteristics. In the algorithm, the weight update is adaptive with the change of objective function. The test results indicate that satisfying parameter accuracy can be achieved by the algorithm. Also, the V-I characteristics obtained by the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm are in good agreement with the simulated data.
Groundwater Source Heat Pump Technology Use for Heating and Air-Conditioning of a Commercial Building
Authors: Li Hua , Yang Li , Dong Hui Qin
Published: December 2012

The groundwater source heat pump (GWHP) system utilizes groundwater as alternative renewable and clean energy source for space heating and cooling, withdraws water from a production well, passes it through a heat exchanger and discharges the water into an injection well. Hebei Province of China is rich of geothermal resources; there are suitable hydrogeological conditions in most areas. Take an office building in Hebei Province for example; a detail loads analysis of the groundwater source heat pump system was conducted. At the same time, an analysis of environmental energy benefits was also conducted. Comparing with the traditional systems for heating and cooling, groundwater source heat pump heating and cooling works well, with significant energy and environmental benefits, should be widely used.
Particle Size Distribution Characteristics of Lead in Street Dust and its Assessment
Authors: Li Qi , Han Ya Fen
Published: December 2012

By the investigation of 23 samples from street pavement dust in Suzhou city, this article analyzed the the particle size distribution characteristics of lead in street dust, using the X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry and single factor method. The results show that: the lead concentrations in the particle size ranges of <75μm and 75-150μm are higher than the other ranges, which indicates lead is enriched in fine grain size; the particle size ranges of 250-500μm is at mild level of lead pollution, and the other particle size ranges are at medium level.
The Hybrid Method to Predict Biochemical Oxygen Demand of Haihe River in China
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Jiang Hong Lei , Zhang Yao Zong
Published: December 2012

In order to predict the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration of Haihe River, a more accurate hybrid model, based on combined principal component regression (PCR) and artificial neural networks (ANN), was constructed. Data on nine water variables from 2007 to 2008 were used to develop models. The hybrid method achieved more accurate prediction compared with PCR and ANN. The R2 values were 0.762, 0.815 and 0.927 for PCR, ANN and the hybrid method, respectively. In a case application, the predictions of the hybrid method were found to been consistent with the observed values from January to June in 2009, while the predictions of PCR and ANN did not fit well for sample site 4 and 5.
Changes in Environment Influence and Use Efficiency of Fertilizer Nitrogen in the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Ma Guang Wen , Bao Xiang , Wang Ye Yao
Published: December 2012

Base on estimate the amount of nitrogen (N) added to the agroecosystem by human activities, and analyze changes in the environment influence of excess N and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (FNE) in agricultural fields of the Yangtze River Basin between 1990 and 2000. Excess N is stored in farmland and transferred to water bodies. The excess N stored in farmland was 2.75 Tg N in 1990 and 3.88 Tg N in 2000. The total N transferred to water bodies was 3.45 Tg N in 1990 and 5.07 Tg N in 2000. The FNE decreased by 22.17 % from 1990 to 2000. Changes in the geographic distribution of variational trends of the N budget, N transferred to water bodies, and FNE are more pronounced in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. We propose effective measures for maximizing the efficiency of N use and reducing the impact of agricultural N on environment in the Yangtze River Basin.
The Spatiotemporal Variations of Suspended Sediment Concentration in Le’an River Catchment of Poyang Lake Basin
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhang Qi , Xu Xiu Li , Gao Hai Ying
Published: December 2012

Suspended sediment (SS) is one of the important parameters quantifying the degree of water pollution. In order to explore the spatiotemporal variation of the SS in Le’an river catchment, an important sub-catchment of Poyang lake basin, a total of 17 sampling points at rivers were selected for observations. Results show that, the concentration of SS is quite different across the catchment. The average concentration of SS in the upstream of the catchment with forest as the dominant land use, is 6.92mg/L, while the concentration in the downstream with a certain percentage of arable land is 14.39mg/L. The SS concentration shows an increasing trend from the upstream to the downstream, in correlation with the change of land uses. Also there exists a considerable deviation of the SS concentration in different seasons. The concentration in summer is relatively high, while lower in other seasons, with a likely relationship to rainfall events.
Reconstructing the History of Heavy Metal Pollution by Tree-Ring
Authors: Zhao Xiao Guang , Huang Zhi Gui , Yang Yang , Yao Le
Published: December 2012

This article is based on gold-mine. Analyzing the correlation of heavy metal content between tree rings and soil. Through the distribution of heavy metal content in the trees inverse the process of heavy metal pollution in soil. Discussing the time distribution of heavy metal pollution.
Effect of Cell Cycle Phase on Sf9 Cell Activity and Autographa Californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection
Authors: Zhang You Hong , Wei Wei , Xu Peng , Qin Qin , Chen Jie , Chen Xing Zhou , Chen Xiao Ping , Zhao Xi Hong
Published: December 2012

The distribution and activity of cell receptors, which are key factors of baculovirus-insect cell interactions, may be attributed to cell cycle. In fact, the virtual difference in time of infection is the difference in cell cycle distribution. In this work, the effects of cell cycle on cell activity and baculovirus production were investigated. Sf9 cells were infected with baculovirus at the different cycle phases. It was found that G1 phase plays a substantial role in cell activity and competence for the baculovirus replication. Sf9 cells have the highest succinate dehydrogenase activity and are most sensitive for the baculovirus replication when the proportion of G1 phase in cell population reaches a maximum. On the hand, cell activity is at the lowest when G2/M percentage reaches its maximum. These results provide a guidance in developing the baculovirus infection dynamics model and controlling the expression of useful foreign genes when cell cycle is taken into account.
Implementation of Corrosion Intelligent Monitoring and Durability early Warning Expert System for the Large Marine Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures
Authors: Dong Gui Hong , Xiong Jian Bo , Wang Sheng Nian , Fan Zhi Hong
Published: December 2012

To ensure 120 years design life of the large marine environmental engineering concrete structures in South China, and assess the status of the development of durability of concrete structure in real time w a research has been performed on embedded-non-destructive corrosion monitoring sensor systems, data acquisition and software integration, combined exposure test of concrete under environment in South China more than 30 years and laboratory test. It is a new type of technology for corrosion monitoring, assessment and early warning, which based on electrochemical principle, network transmission, expert software system, integrated the durability of the project full set of intelligent real-time monitoring and early warning expert systems.
Study on Detection of Environmental Air Pollution by Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Yu Yi Zhong , Zhou Xiao Yu
Published: December 2012

High quality air environment is needed for human health. Indoor air pollution comes from surface decoration materials and outdoor smoke pollution. In this paper, based on Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometry (DOAS), absorption spectra of main pollution gases HCHO, SO2, NO, NO2 are measured and their differential absorption cross sections are calculated. For ppm range of pollutant concentration, minimum measurement error of 9% is achieved by our experiments. It is sensitive for air pollution detection.
Experiments on the Kinetics and Activation Mechanism of CO2 Loaded MEA-MDEA Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Fu Dong , Wei Lin , Fei Xiang
Published: December 2012

The solubility and absorption rate of CO2 in monoethanolamine (MEA) promoted N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solution were measured at normal pressure with temperatures ranging from 303.15-323.15K. The temperature and the mass fraction dependences of the solubility of CO2 and CO2 loading were determined. The influence of the mass fraction of MEA on the absorption rate of CO2 was illustrated.
Numerical Simulation Studies of Plant Communities’ Effects on Outdoor Wind Environment in Residential District
Authors: Hong Bo , Hu Li Hui , Qu Yong Jian
Published: December 2012

Vegetation is regarded as one of the most effective methods to improve the outdoor microclimate and pedestrian thermal comfort. Throughout numerical simulation experiments, the plant communities’ effect on outdoor wind environment and the relationship between them have been studied. The conclusions could be drawn as follows: 1) Ginkgo biloba community, Sophora japonica community and Magnolia denudata community have more obvious attenuation effect of wind velocity. Communities have poorer attenuation effect of wind velocity because of smaller size and crown diameter. 2) The reduction ratio of upstream wind velocity increases accompanying canopy closure, leaf area index, structure and height of dominant species of plant community.
Biodegradation of 2, 4-Dinitrotoluene by Pseudomonas fluorescens sp. Isolated from a Nitrobenzene Contaminated Soil
Authors: Huang Zhong Hua , Pu Xue , Zhang Hui , Yuan Fang , Liu Zheng Li
Published: December 2012

A 2,4-Dinitrotoluene degrading bacterium was isolated from sludge contaminated by DNT and identiﬁed as a member of Pseudomonas fluorescens sp. based on 16S rDNA sequence. Under growth substrates limited conditions, the strain was enriched with 2,4-DNT as its sole source of carbon and energy in the groundwater environment. Results indicate the isolate grew optimally at 12(±4)°C and initial pH 7.5 in the mineral salts medium supplemented 2,4-DNT with 40mg/L, thus showing potential for the remediation of 2,4-DNT contaminated groundwater.
Experimental Study on Formation of Oil-SPM Aggregates
Authors: Sun Juan , Zhao Chao Cheng , Zhao Dong Feng , Liu Jian Bo
Published: December 2012

When oil spills in the coastal environment, the spilled oil may interact with the suspended particulate matter in the water column to form oil-SPM aggregates (OSAs). This process has been recognized to enhance natural cleansing of oiled shorelines. This laboratory study was conducted using SPM samples with different particle size distribution and mineral composition, two crude oil samples, filtered natural seawater, and a reciprocating shaker. The sediment-to-oil ratio was kept constant to 1 in all the experiments. The oil trapped in negatively buoyant OSAs was measured using an Infrared Oil Content Analyzer. Results showed that OSA formation increased with the decrease of the sediment size, the maximum oil trapped in settled OSAs was 182 mg oil/ g sediment when OSAs were formed with kaolinite and CST180 crude oil.
Advanced Treatment of Chemical Wastewater by Using a Combination of Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis System
Authors: Zhou Jian Ding , Yang Ping , Yang Chang Jun , Lai Bo , Zhang Yun Hong
Published: December 2012

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the application of ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis (UF/RO) for advanced wastewater treatment. Full-scale tests were set up for investigation in Yuntianhua Co.Ltd, Yunnan, China. The performances of turbidity, residual chlorine, conductivity and various ions were studied. The results suggested that the removal efficiency of turbidity was above 98.20%. Additionally, the average value of Silting Density Index (SDI) and residual chlorine of effluent of UF process were less than 1.80 and 0.06mg/L, respectively. However, its removal efficiency was limited by membrane fouling. And this system needed to be backwashed periodically to maintain high removal efficiency. Hardness and scale-forming ions could be decreased effectively by RO. The RO membrane fouling could be avoided by adjusting pH (7.0-7.5) and dosing scale inhibitor (MDC150, 4.00-5.00mg/L). Finally, the effluent of the UF/RO system can be reused as the cooling water or supply water for low-pressure boiler equipment.
Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Tobacco
Authors: Shao Xiao Hou , Wang Wei Na , Chang Ting Ting , Chen Li Hua , Deng Bo Jun , Wang Yao Fu
Published: December 2012

Based on field experiment, the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of tobacco under different nitrogen levels were studied in Hunan province, China. The results show that the evaportranspiration (ET) of flue-cured tobacco dealt with N2 (90kg N fertilizers per ha) gets to the maximum. In addition, the vigorous period has the maximum ET due to the critical period of water requirement. The linear relationship is established among fertilization, yield and water use efficiency. Reasonable fertilizer application can increase water use efficiency and flue-cured tobacco yield.
Radial Oxygen Loss and Pollutants Removal of Plants Cultivated on Ecological Floating Beds
Authors: Li Hai Bo , Wang Xin , Li Ying Hua
Published: December 2012

Radial oxygen loss (ROL) from roots of reed, typha and wild rice stem was investigated. Root excretion oxygen showed that the rates of the ROL increased with the illumination time under hard light intensity. For each plant, the ability that roots excreting oxygen under different light intensities decreased successively in the order of hard light, non-light and weak light. The ROL was different with the increased sequence of typha, wild rice stem and reed. The local available reed and typha could remove the pollutants effectively in the pilot test with the average removal rates of 41.99%, 28.47%, 48.38% and 48.76%, respectively.
Study on Removal of Organic Matters in Surface Water by Adsorption Resin SD500
Authors: Zhao Xiao Dan , Gong Yun Feng , Zhou Zhen
Published: December 2012

The research is to compare the adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution and organic matters from natural water on several adsorption resins by static and kinetic adsorption test. The results of static adsorption show that adsorption resins 213 and SD500 have better adsorption efficacy for humic acid than D203 and 201. The results of kinetic test show that adsorption and elution effect of organics on the smaller size resins are better than the larger ones during 4 operation cycles, and the adsorptive property of SD500 is more stable than 213. It proves that SD500 with grain size less than 0.88mm can be regenerated easily and the adsorption capacity can be restored well.
Clarification of High-Salinity Mine Water with Plants
Authors: Gao Bo , Feng Qi Yan , Li Xiang Dong
Published: December 2012

High-salinity mine water has been often treating with electrodialysis, multi-effect. But there are still some problems. So we study high-salinity mine water treatment for 24 days with different plants and salinity. The sample was selected from Zhang Xiao Lou coal in Xuzhou. The resultes show that: Cress is able to adapt the water with high salinity and absorb the contamination. When the dosage of NaCl is 1 g/L and 2 g/L, TDS removal efficiency can reach 69.36% and 56.47%. With the increase of NaCl from 0 to 1 g/L, the treatment capacity of the plant increased gradually, and the treatment capacity would decline if the dosage sustained increase. TDS removal efficiency was best, when the dosage of NaCl is 1 g/L, respectively: 56.47%, 50.21% and 44.00% with different plants, and the plants also has a good effect on the removal of COD and nutrient element when the dosage of NaCl is 1 g/L.
Effect of over-Fire Air Velocity on the Aerodynamic Characteristics in a Cold Model of an Arch-Fired Boiler with New over-Fire Air Arrangement
Authors: Liu Guang Kui , Zhu Qun Yi , Zhu Xing Ying
Published: December 2012

A new over-fire air (OFA) program is proposed for Foster Wheeler (FW) type arch-fired boiler: the OFA nozzles are setting on arches near the furnace center and emitting OFA flow into the furnace at an inclined angle. Cold airflow experiments were conducted to determine the effect of the OFA velocity on the aerodynamic field in a small-scale furnace modeled for a 660-MWe arch-fired boiler. As the OFA velocity increases, the penetration depth of the OFA flow increases and the turning point of the OFA flow moves to the furnace center. At the same time, the vertical velocity of arch-injected airflow reduced faster because of the attracted effect of the OFA flow with higher velocity. When the OFA velocity is 22.39m/s (corresponding to 30m/s in the actual boiler), the OFA flow could penetrate to the furnace center and mix with the upflowing gas completely, while the arch-injected airflow have sufficient travel distance and enough residence time in the lower furnace. Thus, considering the penetration depth of arch-injected flow and the OFA flow, an OFA velocity of 22.39m/s recommended according to the present work.
Research on the Implementation and Analysis of High-Turbidity Raw Water for Particle Pre-Treatment with a Barrier Board
Authors: Chen Jian Liang , Chang Yi Kuo , Shen Yun Hwei , Chen Kun Liao
Published: December 2012

In this research, the raw water presenting turbidity was sampled to simulate the change of the water quality. A barrier board was used to extend the flowing route and the level change of the overflow; carry out the pre-treatment of high-turbidity raw water. Particle detention time and the average flowing speed analyzed as well for comparing the removal effect with that in the physical field. The particle detention time is as follows: At 4-141 min, the operating time can be shortened; when this is less than 90 min, the effluent still can maintain a 50-88% turbidity removal rate and the water quality of the effluent can even drop to 530 NTU. During the test, most of the average flowing speed was within the operating scope of the rectangular Sedimentation Basin for which the removal rate was 61%-93% and the effluent turbidity was below 1,000 NTU and even up to the optimal 380 NTU. A total of 3 items meet the operating requirements of the Inclinometer Sedimentation Basin, presenting a 54%-72% removal rate and 1,000-1,650 NTU of effluent turbidity; and one item exceeds the operating requirements of the Inclinometer Sedimentation Basin, presenting a lowered 1,900 NTU of effluent turbidity from 3,800 NTU and a 50% removal rate. Large-size particles exist in the high-turbidity raw water, which tends to settle under the gravity effect during after a long-route flowing journey. For example, the turbidity of the influent is 4,300-5,300 NTU which was reduced to 920-750 NTU after the pre-treatment experiment presenting a 79-86% or higher removal rate.
Application and Influencing Factors of Complex Microbial Inoculants in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Tang Jing , Chen Jin Nan , Fu Jin Xiang , E Hong Ming , Fan Ming
Published: December 2012

Complex microbial inoculants are highly effective compound bacteria which are widely used in the removal of pollutants, such as organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in the paper, printing and dyeing, petroleum and high-salt wastewater. The development of complex microbial inoculants was introduced in this paper, especially their application and influence factors in wastewater treatment. Finally we put forward current problems and development prospects of complex microbial inoculants.
The Response of Ruditapes philippinarum for Thermal Discharge
Authors: Yang Hong , Ding Li Li
Published: December 2012

Experiment is applied in order to study the influence of thermal discharge to Ruditapes philippinarum. According to the result, if the water is 38.0, 40.0, 42.0 and 44.0°C, it die within 9.7,5.2,1.6 and 0.5 hours accordingly. Activity diminishes if the temperature of thermal shock is over 38.0°C, and the higher the temperature is, the higher the mortality will be. The average time of siphon retract is about 0.92 seconds when they live in 22.0°C,after the short-term thermal shock is over 35°C, the average time lasts more than 2 seconds. The 24 hours upper incipient lethal temperature(UILT50) to live is 39.21±1.023°C.And after immersing 45minutes in the raising water whose chlorine concentration is 0.52g/L and at 22.0°C, the mortality is 0 within 24 hours. However, it is very sensitive to chlorine, if the concentration at 0.052mg/L-0.072mg/L, it will start their avoidance reaction.
Application of Porous Ceramic Filtration on Ballast Water Treatment
Authors: Zhang Man Xia , Tang Xiao Jia , Zhu Yi Min
Published: December 2012

Ballast water has been detected to be a great threat to marine ecosystem and human beings for threatens from biological invasion. Filtration is a kind of optimising primary method in ballast water treatment. However, so far no suitable filter has been applied considering effectiveness, economy, and resistance. A novel wall-flow structure porous ceramic filter (PCF) was adopted to combine with UV radiation. To evaluate the PCF, three types of indicator algae were filtered at different flow rates and initial alga densities. The results showed that up to 100% removal effciencies can be obtained on alga greater than 10µm and less than 50µm at the pointed alga density. The mechanism behind high removal efficiencies and high velocity were revealed as well.
Study on Compost Conditions and Nitrogen Changes of Poultry Dung with Banana Tree
Authors: Zhang Yu Bai , Li Qin Fen , Tang Xue Xi
Published: December 2012

Banana trees and poultry dung were used as the main source of compost. The experiment method was orthogonal experiment design (three factors, three levels). The C/N (Organic carbon/Nitrogen) ratio in the compost, the pile-turning interval and the initial moisture were influencing factors on the nitrogen variation during the compost process It is seen that the C/N ratio effectively influences the nitrogen variation; the initial moisture and the pile-turning interval do not have evident effect on the nitrogen variation. The study found that the C/N ratio is the key condition of affecting the nitrogen variation among the basic condition of the banana trees and the poultry dung compost progress. The gradient experiment shown that when the C/N ratio is 25/1, the initial moisture is 65% and the pile-turning interval is 48 hours, the compost progress has the least nitrogen loss.
Application of the Flow Simulation for the Optimization Analysis of SCR DeNOx System of Coal Power Plant
Authors: Ye Xing Lian , Yang Ding
Published: December 2012

Based on the Selective Catalystic Reduction (SCR) DeNOx project for 2×330MW-unit in a coal power plant, the gas flow field in SCR system has been optimized by numerical simulation. The optimized simulation results were compared with the physical model experiment, and the fly ash sedimentation in the duct was also investigated. Correlation analysis of the results shows that, the flow field predicted by numerical simulation matches very well with that of physical model experiment. Numerical simulation can not only predict but also improve the flow field in SCR system. The combination of simulation and physical model experiment provides a reliable basis for flow field optimization design in SCR system.
Study Status and Focus about CO2 from Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Chen Zhen Min , Xie Wei , Zhang Hai Ying
Published: December 2012

Wastewater is an inevitable by-product in human production and life. And with development of human society and enhancing of urbanization level and citizens living standards, wastewater quantity will sharply increase. Greenhouse gas (GHG) from wastewater treatment will drastically do, too. In especial CO2, its emission quantity is most, its greenhouse effect is highest among GHG from wastewater treatment. But current wastewater treatment engineering does not relate to GHG in the design and operation process. In the case of global climate change, obviously the problem of CO2emission from wastewater treatment has to be solved. And because of this the paper sum up China and other country's research results, current status, and future direction.
Research on Heavy Metal Pollution Sudden Emergency Processing Method in Water Environment
Authors: Ma Xing Guan , Pei Zhe , Sun Jun Ping , Fu Jin Xiang , Tang Yu Lan , Zhang Rong Xin
Published: December 2012

The paper introduced the source and harmfulness of heavy metal pollution in water environment and summarized the applications of the chemical method, physiochemical method and biological method in heavy metal pollution of sudden emergency accident. Meanwhile, the heavy metal pollution emergency processing technology of rivers, lakes and other water bodies were elaborated and the emergency engineering technology of heavy metal pollution in rivers and lakes were analyzed. Finally, the application of bioremediation on heavy metal pollution caused by sudden emergency accident was prospected.
Nitrification of Municipal Wastewater by Suspended Medium Bioreactor
Authors: Bian Xing Yu , Kang Xing Sheng , Kong Min , Li Yi , Zhang Yan Hao , Zhang Zhi Bin
Published: December 2012

The performance of Short-HRT suspended medium bioreactor was investigated to treat the municipal effluent from the chemical-biological flocculation plant. The results showed that under the condition of influent ammonia concentration 9.0-15.0 mg/L, carrier filling ratio 30%, optimal air/water ratio and optimal HRT were 2.0 h and 2.7 h, respectively. The removal efficiency of ammonia is 49.7% with ammonia volume load of 0.058 kg/m3•d. Molecular biological method analysis indicated that bacteria species were abundant and could adapt themselves to varied circumstance in the Short-HRT suspended medium bioreactor.
Study on Municipal Wastewater Treated by Biological Aerated Filter
Authors: Bian Xing Yu , Kang Xing Sheng , Li Yi , Kong Min , Zhang Yan Hao , Zhang Zhi Bin
Published: December 2012

The performance of the municipal wastewater treatment using the Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) was investigated. The optimal operation parameters such as air/water ratio, water temperature, filtration velocity were achieved, and the removal efficiencies of CODCr, NH3 and SS were 80％, 98％, and 95％, respectively at the optimal conditions. The effluent can meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard in China.
Physical-Chemical Experimental Study for FGD Wastewater of Coal-Fired Power Plant
Authors: Yin Lian Qing , Zhang Shan Shan , Kang Peng , Zhao Hao Ning
Published: December 2012

The volume of FGD wastewater of coal-fired power plant is very large, and it contains a large number of inorganic salts, suspended solids and heavy metals, the directly discharge of wastewater will cause a lot of pollution to the environment. This paper selects the FGD wastewater of Baoding power plant as a research object, it is taken experimental study by physical and chemical methods, the harmful substances in the wastewater are removed, so the quality of FGD wastewater achieves the national emission standards of sewage.
Removal of Perfluorooctanoate from Water by Polyaluminium Chloride Coagulation
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhao Li , Liu Peng Yu , Li Zong Shuo , Chang Qing
Published: December 2012

The removal of perfluorooctanoate （PFOA） and turbidity from model solution by coagulation was investigated. A polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was used as a coagulant in the coagulation process. The effects of coagulant dose, slow mixing time, solution pH value and initial turbidity on the removal of both PFOA and turbidity from water were studied. It was found that the removal rate of PFOA in water increase along with the increase in slow mixing time, initial turbidity and PAC dose. The removal rate of PFOA is more effective at the near neutral solution pH values and the high initial turbidity. The removal percents of PFOA exceed 80% at the optimal condition. The removal mechanism was speculated to be the electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction in coagulation process.