bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning health systems using data to drive healthcare improvement and impact: a systematic review
Authors: Enticott Joanne , Johnson Alison , Teede Helena
Published: March 2021

Background

The transition to electronic health records offers the potential for big data to drive the next frontier in healthcare improvement. Yet there are multiple barriers to harnessing the power of data. The Learning Health System (LHS) has emerged as a model to overcome these barriers, yet there remains limited evidence of impact on delivery or outcomes of healthcare.

Objective

To gather evidence on the effects of LHS data hubs or aligned models that use data to deliver healthcare improvement and impact. Any reported impact on the process, delivery or outcomes of healthcare was captured.

Methods

Systematic review from CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Medline in-process and Web of Science PubMed databases, using learning health system, data hub, data-driven, ehealth, informatics, collaborations, partnerships, and translation terms. English-language, peer-reviewed literature published between January 2014 and Sept 2019 was captured, supplemented by a grey literature search. Eligibility criteria included studies of LHS data hubs that reported research translation leading to health impact.

Results

Overall, 1076 titles were identified, with 43 eligible studies, across 23 LHS environments. Most LHS environments were in the United States (n = 18) with others in Canada, UK, Sweden and Australia/NZ. Five (21.7%) produced medium-high level of evidence, which were peer-reviewed publications.

Conclusions

LHS environments are producing impact across multiple continents and settings.
Correction to: The effect of vitamin D supplementation on hemoglobin concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arabi Seyed Mostafa , Ranjbar Golnaz , Bahrami Leila Sadat , Norouzy Abdolreza
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Correction to: Statistical field theory of the transmission of nerve impulses
Authors: del Balzo Gianluigi Zangari
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Sleep duration and satisfaction among physicians in tertiary public hospitals in China: a large sample national survey
Authors: Wu Yinuo , Jiang Feng , Wu Shichao , Liu Yuanli , Tang Yi-Lang
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To investigate the sleep duration and level of satisfaction among physicians in tertiary public hospitals in China, and to explore associated factors.

Methods

A national online cross-sectional survey was conducted. Totally 20,786 physicians from 136 hospitals participated in the survey. Data were collected using an online self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive and logistic regression statistics were performed using the STATA software.

Results

The mean total sleep duration was 6.37 ± 0.87 h. Of all participants, 61.06% (n = 12,691) reported short sleep duration (less than 7 h per day). 46.97% (n = 9764) were not satisfied with their sleep. An older age and job-related factors (longer working hours per week, specialty including internal medicine, Ob/GYN and emergency medicine, working more night shifts, heavier workload, and working in East China) were significantly associated with reported short sleep duration.

Conclusions

The majority of physicians in Chinese public hospitals experienced insufficient sleep duration. Changes are required to improve the wellbeing of physicians and patient outcomes.
Prevention starts from the crib: the pediatric point of view on detection of families at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Capra Maria Elena , Pederiva Cristina , Banderali Giuseppe , Biasucci Giacomo
Published: March 2021

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in Italy. Hypercholesterolemia is a modifiable CVD risk factor. The detection and treatment of hypercholesterolemia can modify the natural history of CVD, making CVD risk for affected patients comparable to that of unaffected ones. In this scenario, the detection of families at high cardiovascular risk is the first step of CVD prevention. This multicenter, observational study is aimed at finding an effective and non-invasive screening strategy to detect families at high risk for CVD.

Methods

A survey investigating the knowledge of lipid and CVD issues was distributed to the parents of all infants born at the Neonatology Unit of Piacenza City Hospital and San Paolo Hospital in Milan over a 6 months period. Overall, 554 surveys have been collected.

Results

26.8% newborns had parents who knew their own lipid profile, 40.2% had parents who knew the correct normal blood values of total cholesterol, 37.1% had parents who declared to have first or second degree relatives with lipid disorders, 33.7% had parents who declared to have first or second degree relatives with premature CVD

Conclusion

Collecting a problem-tailored and accurate family history seems to be a good strategy to detect high risk families. Our data suggest that the percentage of adults who are unaware of their lipid profile, with a positive family history for CVD and/or lipid disorders is higher than expected. As a result, even the number of undetected paediatric patients at high cardiovascular risk might be greater than expected.
Vitamin A regulates intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle development: promoting high-quality beef production
Authors: Peng Dong Qiao , Smith Stephen B. , Lee Hong Gu
Published: March 2021

During growth in cattle, the development of intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle is dependent upon cell hyperplasia (increased number of adipocytes) and hypertrophy (increased size of adipocytes). Based on the results of previous studies, other adipose tissue depots (e.g., perirenal and subcutaneous) develop from the fetal stage primarily as brown adipose tissue. The hyperplastic stage of intramuscular adipose is considered to develop from late pregnancy, but there is no evidence indicating that intramuscular adipose tissue develops initially as brown adipose tissue. Hyperplastic growth of intramuscular adipose continues well into postweaning and is dependent on the timing of the transition to grain-based diets; thereafter, the late-stage development of intramuscular adipose tissue is dominated by hypertrophy. For muscle development, hyperplasia of myoblasts lasts from early (following development of somites in the embryo) to middle pregnancy, after which growth of muscle is the result of hypertrophy of myofibers. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble compound that is required for the normal immunologic function, vision, cellular proliferation, and differentiation. Here we review the roles of vitamin A in intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle development in cattle. Vitamin A regulates both hyperplasia and hypertrophy inin vitroexperiments. Vitamin A supplementation at the early stage and restriction at fattening stage generate opposite effects in the beef cattle. Appropriate vitamin A supplementation and restriction strategy increase intramuscular adipose tissue development (i.e., marbling or intramuscular fat) in somein vivotrials. Besides, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myoblasts/myotubes were affected by vitamin A treatment inin vitrotrials. Additionally, some studies reported an interaction between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1C(ADH1C)genotype and vitamin A feed restriction for the development of marbling and/or intramuscular adipose tissue, which was dependent on the timing and level of vitamin A restriction. Therefore, the feed strategy of vitamin A has the visible impact on the marbling and muscle development in the cattle, which will be helpful to promote the quality of the beef.
Effect of snail mucus on angiogenesis during wound healing
Authors: Rosanto Yosaphat Bayu , Hasan Cahya Yustisia , Rahardjo Rahardjo , Pangestiningsih Tri Wahyu
Published: March 2021

Background: Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from existing ones. This process plays an important role in supplying the oxygen and nutrients needed for cellular metabolism and eliminating cell debris during wound healing. Snail mucus can bind to several factors that stimulate angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor. The aim of this study is to observe changes in angiogenesis during the healing of wounds topically applied with snail mucus.

Methods: Punch biopsy was performed on the back of male Wistar rats to obtain four wounds, and different concentrations of snail mucus were applied to each of these wounds. The animals were sacrificed on days 2, 4, and 7 to observe the extent of angiogenesis during wound healing by microscopy.

Results: Two-way ANOVA showed differences in number of blood vessels formed (p = 0.00) and day of observation (p = 0.00) between groups. Post hoc Tukey’s HSD test showed that 24% snail mucus treatment does not significantly affect wound healing (p = 0.488); by contrast, treatment with 48% and 96% snail mucus demonstrated significant effects on angiogenesis (p = 0.01). Spearman’s test showed interactive effects between snail mucus concentration and day of observation on the extent of angiogenesis (p = 0.001, R = 0.946).

Conclusion: Topical application of snail mucus gel can increase angiogenesis during wound healing in Wistar rat skin.
CRISPRbuilder-TB: “CRISPR-builder for tuberculosis”. Exhaustive reconstruction of the CRISPR locus in mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using SRA
Authors: Guyeux Christophe , Sola Christophe , Noûs Camille , Refrégier Guislaine
Published: March 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) CRISPR locus diversity has long been studied solely investigating the presence/absence of a known set of spacers. Unveiling the genetic mechanisms of its evolution requires a more exhaustive reconstruction in a large amount of representative strains.

In this article, we point out and resolve, with a new pipeline, the problem of CRISPR reconstruction based directly on short read sequences in M. tuberculosis. We first show that the process we set up, that we coin as “CRISPRbuilder-TB” (https://github.com/cguyeux/CRISPRbuilder-TB), allows an efficient reconstruction of simulated or real CRISPRs, even when including complex evolutionary steps like the insertions of mobile elements. Compared to more generalist tools, the whole process is much more precise and robust, and requires only minimal manual investigation. Second, we show that more than 1/3 of the currently complete genomes available for this complex in the public databases contain largely erroneous CRISPR loci. Third, we highlight how both the classical experimental in vitro approach and the basic in silico spoligotyping provided by existing analytic tools miss a whole diversity of this locus in MTC, by not capturing duplications, spacer and direct repeats variants, and IS6110 insertion locations. This description is extended in a second article that describes MTC-CRISPR diversity and suggests general rules for its evolution. This work opens perspectives for an in-depth exploration of M. tuberculosis CRISPR loci diversity and of mechanisms involved in its evolution and its functionality, as well as its adaptation to other CRISPR locus-harboring bacterial species.
Inferring phenomenological models of first passage processes
Authors: Rivera Catalina , Hofmann David , Nemenman Ilya
Published: March 2021

Biochemical processes in cells are governed by complex networks of many chemical species interacting stochastically in diverse ways and on different time scales. Constructing microscopically accurate models of such networks is often infeasible. Instead, here we propose a systematic framework for buildingphenomenologicalmodels of such networks from experimental data, focusing on accurately approximating the time it takes to complete the process, the First Passage (FP) time. Our phenomenological models are mixtures of Gamma distributions, which have a natural biophysical interpretation. The complexity of the models is adapted automatically to account for the amount of available data and its temporal resolution. The framework can be used for predicting behavior of FP systems under varying external conditions. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, we build models for the distribution of inter-spike intervals of a morphologically complex neuron, a Purkinje cell, from experimental and simulated data. We demonstrate that the developed models can not only fit the data, but also make nontrivial predictions. We demonstrate that our coarse-grained models provide constraints on more mechanistically accurate models of the involved phenomena.
Application of an emotional classification model in e-commerce text based on an improved transformer model
Authors: Wang Xuyang , Tong Yixuan
Published: March 2021

With the rapid development of the mobile internet, people are becoming more dependent on the internet to express their comments on products or stores; meanwhile, text sentiment classification of these comments has become a research hotspot. In existing methods, it is fairly popular to apply a deep learning method to the text classification task. Aiming at solving information loss, weak context and other problems, this paper makes an improvement based on the transformer model to reduce the difficulty of model training and training time cost and achieve higher overall model recall and accuracy in text sentiment classification. The transformer model replaces the traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) and the recurrent neural network (RNN) and is fully based on the attention mechanism; therefore, the transformer model effectively improves the training speed and reduces training difficulty. This paper selects e-commerce reviews as research objects and applies deep learning theory. First, the text is preprocessed by word vectorization. Then the IN standardized method and the GELUs activation function are applied based on the original model to analyze the emotional tendencies of online users towards stores or products. The experimental results show that our method improves by 9.71%, 6.05%, 5.58% and 5.12% in terms of recall and approaches the peak level of the F1 value in the test model by comparing BiLSTM, Naive Bayesian Model, the serial BiLSTM_CNN model and BiLSTM with an attention mechanism model. Therefore, this finding proves that our method can be used to improve the text sentiment classification accuracy and effectively apply the method to text classification.
Fluid
Authors: Little Blake
Published: March 2021

Stories of expressions of trans, gender fluid, non-binary, Two Spirit, and other diverse gender identities circulate widely, adding to a complex and oft-times challenging web of shifting societal responses to gender. My photographic eye is guided by an aesthetic of simplicity, distillation & clarity. I want to apply this eye to make visible the many ways we read photographs and their subject matter (imagined and real) but particularly via a collaborative process as filtered through the voices of the people who posed for these photographs.

Transgender identification, representation and image dissemination increasingly occupy the collective imagination and are reinforced by media headlines. Even as more and more trans, gender fluid, non-binary, and Two Spirit people are coming out in the public eye, the act of realizing/representing/revealing/ exposing/ exhibiting oneself through photography is a brave act, a form of defiance for a new wave of gender fluid pioneers reclaiming a broader live presence and virtual presence via social media. In the process, difference is being normalized.
Divulgación científica a través del lenguaje del cómic: la COVID-19
Authors: Mayor Serrano M.ª Blanca
Published: March 2021

Cada vez más entidades públicas y privadas, y, sobre todo, científicos están recurriendo al lenguaje del cómic para hacer llegar a la población general los contenidos más diversos relacionados con el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 y la COVID-19. En este artículo, además de presentar una selección de cómics, me centro en algunos de los elementos que convierten al cómic en un medio ideal para la divulgación científica, tales como la antropomorfización, las metáforas visuales, los elementos ficcionales, el lenguaje adaptado a un público no experto y a sus necesidades informativas, la oralidad, o los procedimientos reformulativos, así como en la importancia de dominar el medio para que los cómics científico-médicos sean accesibles y atractivos para sus destinatarios.
Gambaran Klinis dan Karakteristik Neonatus dari Ibu Terkonfimasi Covid-2019 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo
Authors: Etika Risa , Handayani Kartika Darma , Hartiastuti Setya Mithra , Diana Virani , Harahap Aminuddin , Prasetya Oktavian , Masturina Melinda
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang. Penyakit Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit yang pertama kali dilaporkan di Wuhan, China dan telah menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Data ibu hamil dan bayi baru lahir belum banyak dipublikasikan.Tujuan. Untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran dan karakteristik klinis neonatus yang lahir dari ibu dengan infeksi severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) perinatal.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif yang dilaksanakan di ruang perawatan neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr.Soetomo Surabaya pada tanggal April - Oktober 2020. Populasi adalah neonatus yang lahir dari ibu terkonfimasi COVID-19 di di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Data diperoleh dari rekam medik.Hasil. Total terdapat 109 ibu dengan hasil pemeriksaan positif reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) COVID-19, dan hanya 2 bayi dengan hasil RT-PCR COVID-19 positif. Usia rata-rata ibu hamil 28±5,9 tahun. Duapuluh sembilan bayi (26,61%) lahir kurang bulan. Cara persalinan didominasi oleh sectio caesaria sebanyak 64 ibu hamil (58,72%). Terdapat 23 bayi (21,11%) lahir dengan berat badan lahir <2500 gram dan 3 bayi dengan hasil negatif RT-PCR COVID-19 meninggal.Kesimpulan. Saat ini belum terbukti adanya penularan secara vertikal COVID 19, sementara itu transmisi horizontal diperkirakan sebagai sumber infeksi pada neonatus. Penerapan protokol kesehatan terbukti efektif mencegah infeksi terhadap neonatus.
Las creencias que justifican la corrupción disminuyen la disposición y el apoyo percibido para combatirla
Authors:   Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Guanajuato, México, Cruz Torres Christian Enrique , Correa Romero Fredi Everardo ,   Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Guanajuato, México, García y Barragán Luis Felipe ,   Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Guanajuato, México, Contreras Ibáñez Carlos César ,   División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México
Published: March 2021

La participación cívica es fundamental para abstenerse y sancionar a quienes se benefician de la corrupción. Experimentos muestran que el castigo altruista (pagar para castigar a quienes no cooperan), mantiene cooperando a los transgresores, pero en la vida real se les sanciona poco, siendo necesario identificar los factores que disminuyen esa disposición. Se encuestaron 622 ciudadanos mexicanos, población general, para analizar los efectos de creencias que justifican la corrupción y el apoyo percibido sobre la disposición a actuar contra la corrupción sancionando y absteniéndose de ella. Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales confirma efectos negativos de las creencias de justificación de la corrupción y positivos del apoyo percibido, además de un efecto negativo indirecto de las creencias de justificación de la corrupción a través de un efecto negativo sobre el apoyo percibido, explicando en conjunto el 47% de la varianza de la disposición a actuar contra la corrupción en un modelo que muestra indicadores que reflejan una adecuada bondad de ajuste
MODELING OF THE SYSTEM OF MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA BY METHODS OF MODEL BASED SYSTEM ENGINEERING
Authors:   PJSC “Kalinin Machinery Plant, Ekaterinburg”, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Komarov V.N. , Roshchin S.M. ,   Bryansk State Technical University, Bryansk, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

When developing any information system, an extremely important stage of its life cycle is the design or modeling stage. Among the existing approaches to the design of information systems, such as, for example, the “classic” development of UML diagrams using a unified modeling language, the model-oriented systems engineering approach, focused on building models, is gaining popularity. Purpose of the study. Consider modeling a system for monitoring and analyzing electronic media information using the methods of model-oriented system engineering. Research methods and tools. It is proposed to use the toolkit of the system-oriented design methodology, focused on the creation and use of models of different degrees of detail at different stages of design. The application of models of hierarchical decomposition of entities is presented on the example of typical essential characteristics of artificial systems: requirements for the system, system functions, system components (subsystems), work on creating a system. A regular method for constructing and consistently expanding architectural models of products is described, on the basis of which models of hierarchical taxonomy of functional requirements for the system, key functions, and components of the system core are built. Based on hierarchical taxonomy models, a model for matching requirements and functions and a model for matching functions and system components are built. Results. The developed models clearly show the relationship of system components, requirements, functions and modules with each other. The approach used makes it possible to detail the presentation of the system based on its decomposition into subsystems and on the basis of taking into account the essential characteristics. All this makes it possible to streamline the sequence of stages of creating a system and decompose them into separate stages of work. Conclusion. The results obtained in the course of the conducted research make it possible to proceed to the next stage of the life cycle of the information system being developed – its software development.
MODELING OF IMPACT OF THE CRISIS ON REGIONAL BUDGET REVENUES: ANALYSIS OF CHELYABINSK REGION
Authors:   V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dranko O.I. , Loginovskiy O.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Prikazchikov S.A. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic leads to a significant drop in incomes and tax payments. We consider express modeling of regional budget revenues depending on the depth of the crisis. The assessment is made for one of the Russian regions – the Chelyabinsk region. Purpose of the study. To build a mechanism based on available statistics for express estimation of the regional budget revenues. The comprehensive model for forecasting the region's enterprises' financial results, followed by a forecast of the regional budget revenues, was worked out. Materials and methods. Simulation models of macroeconomic indicators of the region's budget revenues are used in conjunction with enterprises' financial forecasting models. Big Data Analytics was applied to process financial statement data of the regional enterprises. Results. The model links the change in enterprises' financial results with the regional budget revenue dynamics. Based on scenario assumptions, the calculation of the change in financial results and tax bases of regional enterprises was made and the estimation of their contribution to the regional budget. The model allowed to form a forecast of revenues of the budget in the COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Conclusion. This approach combines meso- and microeconomics approaches and simulates the region's economic deve¬lopment as a multilevel system. The proposed model is universal and can be applied to consider the development of any Russian region.
ALGORITHMIC STABILITY OF DEEP LEARNING NEURAL NETWORKS IN RECOGNIZING THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF MATERIALS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation, Klestov R.A. , Klyuev A.V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation, Stolbov V.Yu. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The division of data for training a neural network into training and test data in various proportions to each other is investigated. The question is raised about how the quality of data distribution and their correct annotation can affect the final result of constructing a neural network model. The paper investigates the algorithmic stability of training a deep neural network in problems of recognition of the microstructure of materials. The study of the stability of the learning process makes it possible to estimate the performance of a neural network model on incomplete data distorted by up to 10%. Purpose. Research of the stability of the learning process of a neural network in the classification of microstructures of functional materials. Materials and methods. Artificial neural network is the main instrument on the basis of which produced the study. Different subtypes of deep convolutional networks are used such as VGG and ResNet. Neural networks are trained using an improved backpropagation method. The studied model is the frozen state of the neural network after a certain number of learning epochs. The amount of data excluded from the study was randomly distributed for each class in five different distributions. Results. Investigated neural network learning process. Results of experiments conducted computing training with gradual decrease in the number of input data. Distortions of calculation results when changing data with a step of 2 percent are investigated. The percentage of deviation was revealed, equal to 10, at which the trained neural network model loses its stability. Conclusion. The results obtained mean that with an established quantitative or qualitative deviation in the training or test set, the results obtained by training the network can hardly be trusted. Although the results of this study are applicable to a particular case, i.e., microstructure recognition problems using ResNet-152, the authors propose a simpler technique for studying the stability of deep learning neural networks based on the analysis of a test, not a training set.
Coaching cognitivo conductual: una herramienta para los psicólogos
Authors: Gil-Monte Pedro R.
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es presentar una breve revisión de la literatura sobre los principios del coaching cognitivo-conductual, y los principales modelos para su aplicación en la práctica psicológica con el fin de facilitar el ejercicio profesional de los psicólogos en este campo de intervención. El estudio identifica las principales diferencias entre los clientes de coaching (bajos niveles de patología y altos niveles de funcionalidad), y los clientes de psicoterapia (alto nivel de patología y baja funcionalidad). A continuación se presentan las bases teóricas del coaching cognitivo-conductual, que deriva del entrenamiento en resolución de problemas y de la terapia cognitivo-conductual. El siguiente punto ofrece algunas preguntas guía y estrategias que puede utilizar el coach para analizar los pensamientos de los clientes y sus consecuencias. Como modelos de referencia para la práctica profesional el estudio incluye los modelos PRACTICE, SPACE, y ABCDEF. Se concluye con algunas sugerencias para aplicar el coaching para la prevención de riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo.
Material Effectiveness Model for the Construction of Aluminum Hull
Authors: Suwasono Bagiyo , Darmawan Mochammad Rizky , Baroroh Intan
Published: March 2021

Construction of a hull generally requires several plates and profile material. Early indications for shipbuilding indicate that in manner, the linear function approach for installed material was 75% to 90%, and waste material was 10% to 25%. This study is conducting an assessment of the area of installed material and waste material on small vessels made of aluminum with variations in ship length and the method of approach trend lines both linear and nonlinear. Secondary data retrieval in the form of an aluminum cutting plan for plate material and profile from the AutoCAD application, which is then reprocessed through the FastCAM application to obtain results in the form of identification of installed material and waste material area. Based on variations in ship length and material area results, a scatter plot process was carried out through the Excel application to obtain results in the form of trend line functions with an R-squared determination coefficient of more than 0.9 and the results of the calculation of the intersection between the function of installed material and waste material, and the waste material function with the x-axis uses the balance method. The final result showed that the linear function gives an indication of the effectiveness of the material located in the range of 6 to 23 meters in length of the boat and polynomial function of order 2 in the range of 6 to 18 meters in length, while the waste material area in the two functions maximum 22%.
Understanding barriers and facilitators to HIV testing in Canada from 2009–2019: A systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Laprise Claudie , Bolster-Foucault Clara
Published: March 2021

Background: HIV testing is a core pillar of Canada’s approach to sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection (STBBI) prevention and treatment and is critical to achieving the first Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90–90–90 target. Despite progress toward this goal, many Canadians remain unaware of their status and testing varies across populations and jurisdictions. An understanding of drivers of HIV testing is essential to improve access to HIV testing and reach the undiagnosed. Objective: To examine current barriers and facilitators of HIV testing across key populations and jurisdictions in Canada. Methods: A systematic mixed studies review of peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted identifying quantitative and qualitative studies of barriers and facilitators to HIV testing in Canada published from 2009 to 2019. Studies were screened for inclusion and identified barriers and facilitators were extracted. The quality of included studies was assessed and results were summarized. Results: Forty-three relevant studies were identified. Common barriers emerge across key populations and jurisdictions, including difficulties accessing testing services, fear and stigma surrounding HIV, low risk perception, insufficient patient confidentiality and lack of resources for testing. Innovative practices that could facilitate HIV testing were identified, such as new testing settings (dental care, pharmacies, mobile units, emergency departments), new modalities (oral testing, peer counselling) and personalized sex/gender and age-based interventions and approaches. Key populations also face unique sociocultural, structural and legislative barriers to HIV testing. Many studies identified the need to offer a broad range of testing options and integrate testing within routine healthcare practices. Conclusion: Efforts to improve access to HIV testing should consider barriers and facilitators at the level of the individual, healthcare provider and policy and should focus on the accessibility, inclusivity, convenience and confidentiality of testing services. In addition, testing services must be adapted to the unique needs and contexts of key populations.
Feasibility study on the implementation of Mahalanobis-Taguchi system and time driven activity-based costing in electronic industry
Authors: Kamil Nik Nurharyantie Nik Mohd , Zaini Sri Nur Areena Mohd , Abu Mohd Yazid
Published: March 2021

Electrical and electronic industry is one of Malaysia’s leading industries which covers around 24.5% in manufacturing production sector. With a continuous innovation of the Industry, inductor component gets higher demand from customer and it is good if there is a study to convince that those factors are really significant to the production as well. Meanwhile, the current costing being used is difficult to access the complete activities required for each workstation and need separate analysis to measure the un-used capacity in term of resources and cost. The objective of this work is to clarify the relationship between Mahalanobis-Taguchi system (MTS) and time driven activity-based costing (TDABC) in the electronic industry. The data collection is focused on inductor component by consiedring the historical data in 2018. MTS is used as a method to optimize various parameters while TDABC is used to measure the un-used capacity by constructing the time equation and capacity cost rate. There are 7 parameters considered which are condition of wire, condition of winding, condition of epoxy, condition of core, condition of lead part, condition of marking and condition of soldering. As a result, MTS is successfully developed the normal and abnormal Mahalanobis distance (MD). In February, the normal MD is 0.9998 and the abnormal is 15.6538 with 2 significant parameters with signal to noise is 0.1244. In addition, there are 3 parameters consistently influenced along 10 months such as condition of core, condition of lead part and condition of soldering and 2 parameters are not consistently influenced such as condition of epoxy and condition marking. On the other hand, the total used and un-used capacity of time are 257124.02 minutes and 5217031.43 minutes respectively while the total of used and un-used of cost are MYR6,296,493.10 and MYR6214807.07 respectively. Eventually, this work concludes that both methods are a great tool and feasible to be implemented in the electronic industry.
Circulating miR-30b levels increase during male puberty
Authors: Varimo Tero , Wang Yafei , Miettinen Päivi J , Vaaralahti Kirsi , Hero Matti , Raivio Taneli
Published: March 2021

Objective

The role of miRNA as endocrine regulators is emerging, and microRNA mir-30b has been reported to repress Mkrn3. However, the expression of miR-30b during male puberty has not been studied.

Design and methods

Circulating relative miR-30b expression was assessed in sera of 26 boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP), treated with low-dose testosterone (T) (n =11) or aromatase inhibitor letrozole (Lz) (n =15) for 6 months and followed up to 12 months (NCT01797718). The associations between the relative expression of miR-30b and hormonal markers of puberty were evaluated.

Results

During the 12 months of the study, circulating miR-30b expression increased 2.4 ± 2.5 (s.d.) fold (P = 0.008) in all boys, but this change did not correlate with corresponding changes in LH, testosterone, inhibin B, FSH, or testicular volume (P = 0.25-0.96). Lz-induced activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis was associated with more variable miR-30b responses at 3 months (P < 0.05), whereas those treated with T exhibited significant changes in relative miR-30b levels in the course the study (P < 0.01–0.05).

Conclusions

Circulating miR-30b expression in boys with CDGP increases in the course of puberty, and appears to be related to the activity of the HPG axis.
Reflexive Impersonal Constructions Expressing an Arbitrary Agent in Slovenian
Authors: Uhlik Mladen , Žele Andreja
Published: March 2021

The article presents formal, semantic, and pragmatic features of Slovenian subject impersonal reflexive constructions, e. g. Nekoč se je veliko delalo ‘Back in the day, one used to work a lot’. Constructions with unexpressed arbitrary agents should be distinguished from sentences in which the nominative agent has been omitted, but can be determined from the context. Subject impersonal reflexive constructions use the reflexive forms of non-reflexive verbs. In such constructions, the morpheme se is a grammaticalized element that does not express a reflexive action. The constructions under discussion can express habitual or iterative actions performed by a non-expressed human agent and can also have a deontic meaning. Reflexive constructions with arbitrary agents mainly involve verbs denoting conscious human actions and activities, which sets them apart from weather impersonals or subjectless constructions describing physiological states. Subject impersonals, characteristic of South Slavic and West Slavic languages, are parallel to those in which the arbitrary agent is expressed lexically (Nekoč so ljudje veliko delali ‘Back in the day, people used to work a lot’). We compare subject impersonals with other impersonal and passive constructions in Slovenian and, at the same time, contrast their features with similar constructions in other South Slavic languages and Russian.
Comment on: Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic – The role of exergames
Authors: Viana Ricardo B. , Vancini Rodrigo L. , Silva Wellington F. , Morais Naiane S. , de Oliveira Vinnycius N. , Andrade Marília S. , de Lira Claudio A. B.
Published: March 2021

Although significant increases in gaming may not always be beneficial, exergames (a new generation of video games also known as exergaming or active video games) appear as an alternative, feasible, attractive, and safe way to perform physical exercise for most clinical and nonclinical populations. Therefore, it is important to recognize that exergames can be considered a useful tool for coping with the COVID-19 outbreak and the recommended social distancing period.
Strategies for Selecting Therapeutic Tactics for Reducing Transcutaneous Sensibilisation Risk in Infants with Atopic Dermatitis: Cohort Retrospective Prospective Study
Authors: Fedorov Dmitri V. , Murashkin Nikolay N. , Makarova Svetlana G. , Ivanov Roman A.
Published: March 2021

Background. One of the key aspects in the development of atopic dermatitis (AtD) is epidermal barrier dysfunction leading to the penetration of pathogens and allergens through the skin with further body sensibilisation to them. Such pathological interaction can later on lead to the development of various allergic diseases in the child which not only worsen the course of atopic dermatitis itself, but also significantly reduce the quality of life of these patients.Objective. Aim of the studyis to estimate the efficacy of therapeutic approaches for treatment of atopic dermatitis in reducing the transcutaneous sensibilisation risk in infants.Methods. The study included children aged 1 to 4 months with established AtD from moderate to severe forms. The severity of AtD was estimated via the EASI index. The level of specific IgE (sIgE) to food and domestic allergens was measured by the ImmunoCAP method using special reagents’ sets. The sensibilisation class was established depending on the sIgE index. Statistical analysis of the studied indexes shift and their comparison between the study groups was performed via multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results. The study included 81 patients. All patients were divided into two groups after basic AtD therapy with topical glucocorticosteroids (tGCS). Patients from study group № 1 received maintenance therapy with topical calcineurin inhibitor (TCI) (pimecrolimus 1%; PIM) for a long time, while patients from group № 2 continued to apply tGCS as proactive therapy. We have revealed that the level of sensibilisation to chicken protein and to the mixture of domestic allergens “domestic dust” was lower to the 12th month of life in group № 1 compared to group № 2 as a result of the data analysis. Children in group № 1 had faster and more significant decrease in the severity of AtD in comparison to group № 2 according to EASI index.Conclusion. Maintenance therapy including PIM is more efficient in reducing AtD severity and in prevention of transcutaneous sensibilisation in infants.
Clinical Case of Repeated Generalized Infection and Meningitis in Immunocompetent Child
Authors: Vedyashkina Mariya S. , Dubrovsky Anna M. , Lopatina Olga V. , Rychkova Svetlana V.
Published: March 2021

Background. Meningococcal disease is socially significant, deadly infectious disease characterized by severe and unpredictable course. Clinical case description. The article describes clinical case of repeated generalized infection and meningitis with laboratory unknown etiology, classic picture of meningococcal disease, typical vaccination history, and smooth course of the period between episodes in 6.2-year-old girl. Conclusion. The point of this case is the rare registration of recurrent cases of bacterial meningitis, as well as rare possibility of meningococcal disease diagnosis in clinical practice without laboratory confirmation of the pathogen.
Amino Acid Formulas in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Baranov Alexander A. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Alexeeva Anna A. , Ambarchian Eduard T. , Aslamazyan Lianna K. , Astafieva Natalia G. , Balykova Larisa A. , Belyaeva Irina A. , Bulgakova Vilya A. , Vakhlova Irina V. , Vashakmadze Nato D. , Vishneva Elena A. , Getiya Ekaterina G. , Il’ina Natalia I. , Kaytukova Elena V. , Kamaltynova Elena M. , Karkashadze Georgiy A. , Kovtun Olga P. , Komarova Elena V. , Kulichenko Tatiana V. , Kurbacheva Oksana M. , Levina Yuliya G. , Makarova Svetlana G. , Murashkin Nikolay N. , Nesterova Yuliya V. , Novik Gennady A. , Piskunova Svetlana G. , Popova Larisa Yu. , Privalova Tatyana E. , Selimzyanova Lilia R. , Sergienko Natalia S. , Serebryakova Elena N. , Stasiy Ekaterina D. , Tkachenko Mikhail A. , Turti Tatiana V. , Ustinova Natalia V. , Fedorova Olga S. , Fomina Daria S. , Fugol’ Denis S. , Chemakina Daria S. , Shepeleva Irina M. , Efendieva Kamilla E.
Published: March 2021

Modern approaches for the management of children with gastrointestinal pathologies include optimal nutritional support that makes it possible to replete energy failure and restore essential nutrients balance. The article presents key information on gastrointestinal diseases in which modern amino acid formulas can be used to regulate nutritional status. The authors have conducted the extensive analysis of all available for now evidence on the efficacy, safety and utility of using such innovative medical technology as special elemental formula in gastrointestinal tract pathological conditions. This material is the basis for guidlines on the use of amino acid formulas developed by expert specialists of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia in 2020.
TRANSLINGUAGEM: UMA ABORDAGEM DOS ESTUDOS EM CONTEXTO ESTRANGEIRO E BRASILEIRO
Authors: Krause-Lemke Cibele
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir o conceito de translinguagem por meio da análise de artigos acadêmicos publicados acerca desta temática em contexto estrangeiro e brasileiro. A problemática investigada levou em conta discursos e práticas que vinculam o Brasil a uma realidade monolíngue, as quais induzem um apagamento das realidades multilíngues existentes em território brasileiro. Neste sentido, embora o Brasil seja constituído por diversas etnias, idiomas e culturas, estas marcas que o identificam como país parecem estar apagadas nas políticas educacionais brasileiras. Em vista disso, os principais objetivos foram: buscar fontes bibliográficas acerca do conceito de translinguagem e definir sua abrangência e foco em artigos publicados em contexto estrangeiro e brasileiro. O método que conduziu a pesquisa está embasado em um modelo qualitativo conforme Denzin & Lincoln (2006). Tendo em vista as pesquisas analisadas, o ensino pautado em uma pedagogia translíngue contribuiria para uma aprendizagem mais inclusiva e com mais possibilidades de acesso ao conhecimento. O conceito de translinguagem vincula-se a uma pedagogia prática de linguagem, a qual busca desenvolver estratégias de ensino e de formação docente em cenários multilíngues.
LAS COMPETENCIAS DEL TRADUCTOR JURÍDICO: REPASO Y REFLEXIÓN
Authors: Vallejo Rubén González
Published: March 2021

RESUMEN El presente artículo se presenta como una reflexión sobre la formación del traductor jurídico con el objetivo de plantear los pilares necesarios para la preparación del ejercicio de la profesión que a tal fin ha considerado la literatura de especialidad. Inicialmente abordaremos el eterno debate sobre si el traductor jurídico debe ser o no jurista desde los tres puntos de vista clasistas. A continuación, se detallarán las competencias del traductor y los papeles que puede desempeñar durante su cometido, destacando los componentes formativos y temáticos más importantes que ha de desarrollar el traductor de textos legales y las técnicas de traducción que deberá integrar para satisfacer las necesidades del documento final.
“MAS ISSO É PORQUE AS PESSOAS NÃO SABEM O QUE É O POLE DANCE”: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA AVALIAÇÃO PARA A ANÁLISE DISCURSIVA DE ESTIGMAS
Authors: Alves Lorena Araujo , Nóbrega Adriana Nogueira Accioly
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Neste artigo, investigamos uma interação entre praticantes do pole dance, com foco na reação e na resistência relacionadas à recorrente construção de estigmas sobre a atividade. Inserida na área da Linguística Aplicada Contemporânea, a pesquisa volta-se à observação dos mecanismos discursivos avaliativos negociados pelas interlocutoras e às contribuições destes para a ressignificação da atividade que praticam. A análise microdiscursiva fundamenta-se no sistema de avaliatividade, integrante da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, quando percebemos quais estigmas são problematizados nos discursos das participantes, a partir de avaliações realizadas, principalmente, nas esferas do afeto e do julgamento. O paradigma qualitativo orienta a metodologia do estudo, com o corpus gerado pela gravação de uma conversa entre a primeira autora e sua professora da modalidade. Nossos entendimentos sugerem que as participantes concebem o pole dance como uma prática libertadora, construindo um discurso que o ressignifica positivamente e que resiste a visões hegemônicas conservadoras, as quais estigmatizam a atividade e a consideram uma prática vulgar e desviante da normalidade.
MEME É GÊNERO? QUESTIONAMENTOS SOBRE O ESTATUTO GENÉRICO DO MEME
Authors: Lima-Neto Vicente de
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, tem-se assumido academicamente o pressuposto de que os memes publicizados no Facebook e em outros sites de redes sociais (SRS) são gêneros textuais/ discursivos (cf. PASSOS, 2012; WIGGINS; BOWERS, 2014; SILVA, 2016; GUERRA, BOTTA, 2018), tese defendida à luz de diferentes critérios e de distintas teorias de gêneros. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o estatuto genérico dos memes em sites de redes sociais. Para atender ao objetivo, baseio-me em Bakhtin (2009; 2011) e em Miller (1984 [2009]) para a discussão do conceito de gênero; e em Dawkins (2010), Blackmore (2000), Knobel e Lankshear (2005; 2007) e Cavalcante e Oliveira (2019), que discutem sobre a natureza do meme. Metodologicamente, analiso sete enunciados reconhecidos socialmente como memes, que foram publicados no Facebook nos últimos cinco anos. Os critérios para tal foram a viralização e os traços de remixabilidade em sua constituição. Os resultados sugerem que, sob o rótulo de meme, na verdade, estão gêneros diversos, como anúncios publicitários e institucionais, tiras cômicas e tiras cômicas seriadas, críticas, lembretes e mensagens motivacionais, o que leva a questionar o estatuto genérico do que se reconhece sociocognitivamente como meme.