bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Meaning of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Patient with a Systemic Reaction to the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine after Previous Natural Immunization
Authors: Sazgary Lorraine , Meienberg Andrea , Berger Christoph T , Mayr Michael
Published: June 2021

Objectives: There is limited experience regarding the meaning of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after vaccination in patients with naturally acquired immunity. Methods: We describe the case of a patient who received the first dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine 6 months after his recovery from moderately severe COVID-19. Results: Our patient had a positive nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM titre with 78.7 multiple of cut-off indicating persistent humoral immune response 6 months after infection. After vaccination, he developed prolonged systemic symptoms (fever, fatigue, nausea, diarrhoea and myalgia) for a duration of 6 days. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies provide information about naturally acquired immunity. For the assessment of immune response to vaccination, measurement of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titre before and after vaccination is essential. Patients with naturally acquired immunity might develop a prolonged systemic reaction to the first dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
Learning through recovery: navigating the liminal space caused by COVID-19
Authors: Graham Judith
Published: June 2021

Judith Graham explains how the concepts of liminal space and cognitive dissonance can be useful in identifying opportunities for learning from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Brutal or a blessing? Reactions to the new EIF
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: June 2021

Headteachers have described the new Ofsted inspection regime as ‘brutal’. Unsurprisingly, the chief inspector disagrees. Suzanne O'Connell looks for the truth behind the impact of the EIF so far
EAL strategies for multilingual classrooms
Authors: Trzebiatowski Kamil
Published: June 2021

The diversity to be found in today's classrooms requires that EAL strategies be embedded within pedagogy and teaching and learning. Kamil Trzebiatowski offers some advice and signposts free resources
Treating Afro hair loss: signs, symptoms and specialist interest
Authors: Wilson Ingrid
Published: June 2021

This article explores the different types of hair loss that black women may experience more than other groups of patients. Properties of African hair and the impact of hair care practices are discussed, as well as factors affecting the presentation of other hair loss conditions.

It is important for the aesthetic practitioner to be able to distinguish between the temporary forms of hair loss that they can help to treat and the permanent or scarring forms of hair loss, which need a prompt referral to a dermatologist with a specialist interest in hair. Prompt recognition and referral can help to delay the progression of hair loss.

The symptoms and signs that patients and practitioners should be alerted to are explored, as well as the treatments that can help and where referrals may be necessary. Recent developments and gaps in knowledge are summarised.
Hyperhidrosis: a hot topic?
Authors: Lockett Karen
Published: June 2021

Everyone sweats, but, for many, sweating or, moreover, excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) can become a disorder and drastically impact upon day-to-day life. The psychological and social effects of hyperhidrosis should not be underestimated, although many individuals live with this condition without realising that there are successful treatments available to them, besides what is available over the counter from a pharmacy.

However, these treatments are not often requested from medical aesthetic practitioners in day-to-day clinical practice, so they may not be a ‘hot’ topic of discussion within many clinics. However, as professional bodies practising within our chosen specialities, medical aesthetic practitioners need to advance their knowledge and skills to keep abreast of new best practice and evidence in all spheres, no matter how rarely many may encounter them in their own practice. This enables medical aesthetic practitioners to educate and, ultimately, treat their patients safely and successfully. This article explains how and why hyperhidrosis may arise and progress, as well as the clinical treatment pathways that are available to patients.
May, May, what a month
Authors: Recchia Melanie
Published: June 2021

Much has occurred over the past few weeks, including the return to work for medical aesthetic practitioners and the passing of the Botulinum Toxin and Cosmetic Filler (Children) Bill. Melanie Recchia details these and provides an update on the British Association of Cosmetic Nurses
How well do you know your cognitive bias?
Authors: Aubrey-Smith Fiona
Published: June 2021

Cognitive bias can present itself in many forms and can hamper your school's work to raise attainment and close the gaps. Fiona Aubrey-Smith asks whether cognitive bias is holding you, your colleagues or your school back
Classification of Tweets for Video Streaming Services’ Content Recommendation on Twitter
Authors: Ferawati Kiki , Jannah Sa'idah Zahrotul
Published: June 2021

Streaming services were popular platforms often visited by internet users. However, the abundance of content can be confusing for its users, prompting them to look for a recommendation from other people. Some of the users looked for content to enjoy with the help of Twitter. However, there were irrelevant tweets shown in the results, showing sentences not related at all to the content in the streaming services platform. This study addressed the classification of relevant and irrelevant tweets for streaming services’ content recommendation using random forests and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The result showed that the CNN performed better in the test set with higher accuracy of 94% but slower in running time compared to the random forest. There were indeed distinctive characteristics between the two categories of the tweets. Finally, based on the resulting classification, users could identify the right words to use and avoid while searching on Twitter.
Keywords: text mining, streaming services, classification, random forest, CNN
Schlieren Imaging of Single-Fin Missile models in a
De-Laval Nozzle Test Section
Authors: SHARMA Nayhel , DOGRA Bharat Ankur , KUMAR Rakesh
Published: June 2021

The experimental study (Schlieren photography) to characterize the flow behavior around a semi-cylindrical missile model having a single planar and wrap-around fin surface is performed inside a modified De-Laval nozzle test section capable of sustaining an airflow at Mach number ~1.7M. The images obtained from this schlieren technique is compared with flow field contour images of the similar missile models at similar flow conditions. The experiments are performed on a modified two-walled glassed section to assist the Schlieren imaging. The test section is calibrated preliminary to the experiments to assure the supersonic fluid flow. A comparison of flow images around the two types of fins further helps in characterizing the flow in their vicinity.
Development of dielectric elastomeric actuators for morphing wings
Authors: URSU Stefan
Published: June 2021

In the last decades, wing morphing structures have aroused great interest due to their capability to improve the aerodynamic efficiency of modern aircraft. DE actuators, also known as “artificial muscles” due to their ability to exhibit large actuation strains at high voltages, are suitable candidates for morphing applications. This paper focuses on the research and development of miniature dielectric elastomeric actuators for variable-thickness morphing wings. A conical elastomeric actuation configuration has been proposed, consisting of a VHB4910 dielectric membrane preloaded with a spring mechanism and constrained to a rigid circular ring. The mini-actuators are developed to be fixed in an actuation array, mounted to the wing skin. This new electromechanical actuation system is designed to be integrated on thin airfoil wings, where conventional morphing structures cannot be used, because of restricted mass and space requirements. By controlling the thickness distribution using the proposed actuators, we may be able to maintain and delay the location of the laminar-turbulent transit towards the trailing edge, promoting laminar flow over the wing surface. Experimental models and prototypes will be developed in the next phase of the research project for further investigations.
Investigation of Flow through a Labyrinth Seal
Authors: ENACHE Marius , CARLANESCU Razvan , MANGRA Andreea , FLOREAN Florin , KUNCSER Radu
Published: June 2021

Growing performance requirements for gas turbines have led to a continuous increase in gas temperature and pressure ratios. Together with the resulting increase in cooling flows, this requires more and more minimization and control of internal gas leaks. To meet future performance goals, the application of a new seal design and an improved understanding of leakage flow characteristics are of particular importance. The air mass flow through a labyrinth seal designed for a low-pressure turbine has been determined both through analytical calculus and CFD modeling. Different radial clearances and different air temperatures have been considered. In the next stage, the results will be validated through experiments.
Sensitivity optimization of U-shaped fiber optics based on the Taguchi method
Authors: Mohd Arif Noor Azie Azura , Ehsan Abang Annuar
Published: June 2021

The structure of macrobending fiber optics is an ideal structure for constructing fiber optic sensors. This study presents a new design and implementation of U-shaped fiber optics. The basic geometric parameters of U-shaped fiber optics, such as dimension size or curve radius, are analyzed. The Taguchi method was used to optimize the effects of the control and noise factors with respect to dimension size, loop, wavelength, and core size. The control factors were varied at different levels to achieve a novel sensitivity response optimization of the wavelength and core size. The quality characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio (larger-the-better characteristics) were used to determine the effect of the control parameters in the data analysis. The data of the sensitivity response was analyzed to predict the performance of the U-shaped fiber optics. Results indicate that, by using the Taguchi method, the best control factor setting involves 2.5 cm × 1.5 cm (dimension size) and 1550 nm (wavelength). The percentage contribution of wavelength is the highest at 67.17%, followed by dimension size (13.31%) and number of loops (11.72%) for the fiber optic core size of 50–9–50 μm. For the 9 μm single-mode fiber optics, the corresponding percentages are 61.48%, 16.64%, and 12.81% for wavelength, dimension size, and number of loops, respectively. The Taguchi methodology is suitable for designing sensor geometry.
Picturing donations: Do images influence conservation fundraising?
Authors: Salazar Gabby , Neves João , Alves Vasco , Silva Bruno , Veríssimo Diogo
Published: June 2021

Many environmental organizations use photographic images to engage donors and supporters. While images play a role in fundraising, visual framing remains understudied in the environmental field. Few real-world experiments have examined which types of images result in higher donations to biodiversity conservation. We examined the role of images in conservation fundraising through a public experiment at Zoomarine, a marine park located in southern Portugal. Zoomarine runs a program called Dolphin Emotions where visitors pay to learn about dolphin biology and to interact with dolphins. We placed a donation box and a large informational poster about the Marine Megafauna Foundation, a conservation partner, in the lounge of the Dolphin Emotions program, which is open to participants and their families. The text on the poster, which solicited donations for the Marine Megafauna Foundation, was held constant, while four different image conditions were tested: dolphins, ocean wildlife, children, and people staring out from the poster (i.e., “watching eyes”). Each image condition was displayed for three days at a time and was on display for at least seven randomly assigned three-day periods over the course of 91 days. 20,944 visitors passed the donation box and the four poster conditions during this time and a total of € 952.40 was collected. The differences in mean donations in € per visitor per 3-day period were not statistically significant, F(3, 25) = 0.745, p = 0.54. Thus, we did not find that different images had a significant influence on donations to conservation. This may be due to our choice of visual frames or to the use of a donation box, which is a passive fundraising channel. Future research should examine how visual framing influences donations in other public settings and should test the influence of other visual frames on philanthropic behavior.
Application of a catalytic oxidation method for the simultaneous determination of total organic carbon and total nitrogen in marine sediments and soils
Authors: Avramidis Pavlos , Bekiari Vlasoula
Published: June 2021

This study presents the application of a simultaneous method for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in marine sediments and soils, using a data set of 206 samples collected from coastal lagoonal/marine sedimentary environments and certified reference materials (CRMs). TOC and TN were determined using the high temperature (720°C) catalytic (Pt/Al2O3) oxidation method and the detection of TOC and TN was performed using an infrared or a chemiluminescence detector, respectively. Results from the abovementioned TOC method were compared with the results from the widely used Wakley-Black titration method, while TN results with these from elemental analysis. Analytical quality control experiments were performed using CRM samples. Method characteristics such as range of measurement, calibration, method detection limit (MDL), limit of quantification (LOQ), repeatability and reproducibility, were calculated. The precision and the accuracy of the methods are also discussed. Comparison of the two TOC methods of 206 data set yields a regression line of correlation coefficient with R2 = 0.985. Additional different levels of TOC concentrations of low <1%, moderate 1–5% and high 5–40% level were examined indicating very good correlations. The lowest correlation coefficient was observed in low concentrations TOC<1% (R2 0.825), mainly as a result of the limitation of titration method. The evaluation of TN results indicated that the catalytic oxidation method and the elemental analysishave a significant good correlation with R2 = 0.977. The results of precision and accuracy, as well as the calculated MDL and LOQ show that this is a reliable method. Moreover, it requires a small amount of the analyzed sample and the total analysis time is 10 min. Therefore, it can be easily applied for the fast and precise simultaneous determination of TOC and TN in sediment and soil samples.
Correlation between tumor infiltrating immune cells and peripheral regulatory T cell determined using methylation analyses and its prognostic significance in resected gastric cancer
Authors: Suh Koung Jin , Kim Jin Won , Kim Ji Eun , Sung Ji Hea , Koh Jiwon , Kim Kui-Jin , Kim Ji-Won , Ahn Sang-Hoon , Park Do Joong , Kim Hyung-Ho , Lee Hye Seung , Lee Keun-Wook
Published: June 2021

Peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs) are a highly immunosuppressive fraction of CD4+ T cells. We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of pTregs in patients with gastric cancer and to determine the correlation between pTregs and immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment. pTregs status was determined by assessing the pTreg/total T-cell ratio (ratio of Foxp3 Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) to CD3G/CD3D demethylation, so-called Cellular Ratio of Immune Tolerance “ImmunoCRIT”) using methylation analyses in 433 patients with gastric cancer who received curative surgery. Among 422 evaluable patients, 230 (54.5%) had high ImmunoCRIT (> 21.0). Patients with high ImmunoCRIT had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with high ImmunoCRIT (p = 0.030, p = 0.008, respectively). In multivariate analysis, high ImmunoCRIT kept a prognostic role for shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–2.9; p = 0.005). CD3+ cell density and CD4+ cell density was significantly higher within the tumor in high ImmunoCRIT group than those in low ImmunoCRIT group (CD3+ cell, 202.12/mm2 vs. 172.2/mm2, p = 0.029; CD4+ cell, 56.5/mm2 vs. 43.5/mm2, p = 0.007). In conclusion, the peripheral ImmunoCRIT determined by epigenetic methylation analysis provides prognostic information in resected gastric tumors.
Early expressions of psychopathology and risk associated with trans-diagnostic transition to mood and psychotic disorders in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Scott Jan , Crouse Jacob J. , Ho Nicholas , Iorfino Frank , Martin Nicholas , Parker Richard , McGrath John , Gillespie Nathan A. , Medland Sarah , Hickie Ian B.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

The heterogeneity and comorbidity of major mental disorders presenting in adolescents and young adults has fostered calls for trans-diagnostic research. This study examines early expressions of psychopathology and risk and trans-diagnostic caseness in a community cohort of twins and non-twin siblings.

Methods

Using data from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study, we estimated median number of self-rated psychiatric symptoms, prevalence of subthreshold syndromes, family history of mood and/or psychotic disorders, and likelihood of subsequent trans-diagnostic caseness (individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for mood and/or psychotic syndromes). Next, we used cross-validated Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) analyses to identify the nature and relative importance of individual self-rated symptoms that predicted trans-diagnostic caseness. We examined the positive and negative predictive values (PPV; NPV) and accuracy of all classifications (Area under the Curve and 95% confidence intervals: AUC; 95% CI).

Results

Of 1815 participants (Female 1050, 58%; mean age 26.40), more than one in four met caseness criteria for a mood and/or psychotic disorder. Examination of individual factors indicated that the AUC was highest for subthreshold syndromes, followed by family history then self-rated psychiatric symptoms, and that NPV always exceeded PPV for caseness. In contrast, the CHAID analysis (adjusted for age, sex, twin status) generated a classification tree comprising six trans-diagnostic symptoms. Whilst the contribution of two symptoms (need for sleep; physical activity) to the model was more difficult to interpret, CHAID analysis indicated that four self-rated symptoms (sadness; feeling overwhelmed; impaired concentration; paranoia) offered the best discrimination between cases and non-cases. These four symptoms showed different associations with family history status.

Conclusions

The findings need replication in independent cohorts. However, the use of CHAID might provide a means of identifying specific subsets of trans-diagnostic symptoms representing clinical phenotypes that predict transition to caseness in individuals at risk of onset of major mental disorders.
Reporting of statistical sample size calculations in publications of trials on age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataract
Authors: Tulka Sabrina , Knippschild Stephanie , Funck Sina , Goetjes Isabelle , Uluk Yasmin , Baulig Christine
Published: June 2021

Background

Transparent and complete publications of randomised controlled trials (RCT) ought to comply with the guidelines of the CONSORT Statement, which stipulates sample size calculation as an important aspect of trial planning. The objective of this study was to analyse and compare the reporting of statistical sample size calculations in RCT papers on the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma and cataract published in 2018.

Material and methods

This study comprises a total of 113 RCT papers (RCT-P) published in 2018 (AMD: 14, glaucoma: 28, cataract: 71), in English or German, and identified through an internet-based literature search in PubMed and EMBASE. The primary outcome measure of the study was the number of trials providing a complete description of the underlying sample case calculation on the basis of the variables required (significance level, expected outcomes, power, and resulting sample size).

Results

Of the RCTs reviewed, 64% (AMD), 61% (glaucoma) and 31% (cataract) provided a justification of the number of patients included. A complete description of the described studies’ sample size calculation including all the necessary values (primary outcome measure of this study) was described by 21% of the AMD, 29% of the cataract and 18% of the glaucoma RCT publications (in total: 24 of 113 (21%) at a confidence interval of 95%: [13%; 29%]).

Conclusion

All three treatment areas analysed lacked reporting quality regarding the justification of the number of patients included in a clinical trial based on a sample size calculation required for ethical reasons. More than half of all RCT publications reviewed did not provide all of the required information on statistical sample size calculation, and thus lacked transparency and completeness. It is therefore urgently required to involve methodologists in a study’s planning and publishing processes to ensure that methodology descriptions are transparent and of high quality.
Marching across and beyond West Africa: First record of the stem-galling fly Cecidochares connexa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Central Africa and the implications for biological control of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)
Authors: Aigbedion-Atalor Pascal O. , Idemudia Itohan , Adom Medetissi , Forchibe Ethelyn E. , Tossou Hospice , Wilson David D. , Day Michael D.
Published: June 2021

The Neotropical invasive plant Chromolaena odorata R.M. King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae) is a serious weed in West and Central Africa and two biological control agents that have been introduced into West Africa to help reduce its impacts on agriculture and biodiversity, have established. The stem-galling fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has spread widely across West Africa since its release in only Côte d’Ivoire, occurring in six countries. This study aimed to investigate whether the gall fly had spread further across West Africa and into Central Africa. Here, we surveyed C. odorata for C. connexa galls in Cameroon between October 2018 and October 2020, along roadsides, on farms, residential areas, and abandoned plots, encompassing various vegetation types. Additional surveys were conducted across four countries (Ghana, Togo, Benin Republic and Nigeria) in West Africa that we considered the probable pathway for the spread of the gall fly into Central Africa. Cecidochares connexa was present at five of the six locations surveyed in Cameroon, albeit in varying abundance. In Africa, these findings represent the first-ever report of C. connexa outside of West Africa. In West Africa, we recorded significant expansion in the geographic range of C. connexa, as reflected in the absent-present record of C. connexa in two locations in Nigeria and one in Ghana, as well as its occurrence in all locations surveyed in Benin Republic and Togo. Clearly, Ghana, Togo, Benin Republic and Nigeria served as the dispersal pathway of C. connexa from the release sites in Côte d’Ivoire into Cameroon, covering over 2,300 km. Following the spread and establishment of C. connexa into Cameroon, we anticipate that it will continue to spread further into other parts of Central Africa which are climatically suitable. Cecidochares connexa is currently the only biological control agent for C. odorata in Central Africa. Given that it has significantly reduced populations of C. odorata in other countries where it has established, it is expected to have a similar impact in Central Africa.
Transmissions: Sonic markers of difference in the sound of Joy Division
Authors: Askerøi Eirik
Published: June 2021

Situated within the field of popular musicology, this article sets out to explore the formation of Joy Division’s characteristic sound along three lines of enquiry. Firstly, I investigate the contextual framework through which the tale of Joy Division was shaped focusing specifically on their music’s apparent relation to Manchester. Secondly, building on this contextual framework, I examine various aspects of the band’s production aesthetics. Producer Martin Hannett is often credited with the formation of their sound, and I consider the impact of his use of technology in the studio in relation to the band’s relatively roughshod live performances. Thirdly, I explore how characteristic sonic markers of production and performance can also be identified as performative strategies in Joy Division’s music. Although Hannett played a significant role in shaping the band’s sound, their individual performances as formally untrained instrumentalists who were apparently governed solely by a shared creative vision undoubtedly affects that sound as well. The overall aim of this article, then, is to display the complexity of this particular tale and especially the ways in which sonic markers of difference have played a major role in the formation of one of pop music history’s sturdiest tales.
Anthology of Emo, vol. 1, Tom Mullen (ed.) (2017)
Anthology of Emo, vol. 2, Tom Mullen (ed.) (2020)
Washed Up Emo podcast, Tom Mullen (host) (2011–present)
Authors: Mall Andrew
Published: June 2021

Review of: Anthology of Emo, vol. 1, Tom Mullen (ed.) (2017)

New York: Washed Up Books and Polyvinyl Records, 384 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-69295-900-8, p/bk, $22

Anthology of Emo, vol. 2, Tom Mullen (ed.) (2020)

New York: Washed Up Books and Polyvinyl Records, 364 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-57871-080-8, p/bk, $22

Washed Up Emo podcast, Tom Mullen (host) (2011–present)

Self-produced and distributed (washedupemo.com), 182 episodes (and counting), free or premium subscription (via Patreon.com)
Do What You Want: The Story of Bad Religion, Bad Religion and Jim Ruland (2020)
Authors: Bernhard Ellen
Published: June 2021

Review of: Do What You Want: The Story of Bad Religion, Bad Religion and Jim Ruland (2020)

New York: Hachette Book Group, 324 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-30692-222-0, h/bk, $28
Great Gig Memories: From Punks and Friends, compiled by Niall McGuirk and Michael Murphy (2020)
Authors: Worley Matthew
Published: June 2021

Review of: Great Gig Memories: From Punks and Friends, compiled by Niall McGuirk and Michael Murphy (2020)

Dublin: Hope Publications, 277 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-99554-752-0, p/bk, £14
Trans-Global Punk Scenes: The Punk Reader Vol. 2, Russ Bestley, Mike Dines, Alastair ‘Gords’ Gordon and Paula Guerra (eds) (2021)
Authors: Buszek Maria Elena
Published: June 2021

Review of: Trans-Global Punk Scenes: The Punk Reader Vol. 2, Russ Bestley, Mike Dines, Alastair ‘Gords’ Gordon and Paula Guerra (eds) (2021)

Bristol and Chicago, IL: Intellect, 340 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78938-337-9, p/bk
Production of Food Flavouring Agents by Enzymatic Reaction and Microbial Fermentation
Authors: Panakkal Elizabeth Jayex , Kitiborwornkul Nichaphat , Sriariyanun Malinee , Ratanapoompinyo Jakaphan , Yasurin Patchanee , Asavasanti Suvaluk , Rodiahwati Wawat , Tantayotai Prapakorn
Published: June 2021

Rising trends in the consumptions of food flavour compounds lead to motivation in the production of food flavours. The conventional techniques of flavour production are insufficient to produce flavour compounds according to the ascending demands of the market in terms of quantities and varieties. The current flavour production methods utilize chemical synthesis, which can produce a greater numbers of flavours with less time. However, the demand for natural products in consumables have created a necessity for new methodologies to produce flavour compounds with the label of “natural” origin. Emerging techniques in biotechnologies have enabled industries to produce compounds that can be considered natural. This review provides insights into the classification of flavour compounds and their production using microorganisms and enzymes in an ecofriendlier manner. The compounds produced by these techniques can be labelled as “natural” and can increase the market size of food flavours.
Effects of Enzyme Types and Extraction Conditions on Protein Recovery and Antioxidant Properties of Hydrolysed Proteins Derived from Defatted Lemna minor
Authors: Tran Hai Chi , Le Hong Anh Thi , Le Thanh Thanh , Phan Van Man
Published: June 2021

Lemna minor (L. minor), the common duckweed, contains a high protein substance and is considered as a good source of potential bioactive peptides. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis times (60–180 min) and enzyme concentrations (0.5–3.5%v/w) with Alcalase and Flavourzyme on the recovery, hydrolysis degree (DH), and antioxidant properties of peptides derived from defatted L. minor. The protein recovery, hydrolysis degree (DH), and antioxidant activities obtained by enzymatic were compared with the alkaline treatment method. The results showed that the protein recovery, DH values, and antioxidant activities were enhanced by increasing the enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time. Specifically, the recovery of protein and DH values reached the highest level after the enzymatic hydrolysis by Flavourzyme or Alcalase at 1.5 v/w enzyme for 120 min. At the same enzymatic hydrolysis condition, the samples hydrolyzed by Flavourzyme had a higher inhibitory effect on the ABTS•+ and DPPH•+ radical scavenging than those hydrolyzed by Alcalase and the alkaline treatment. Further study also showed that the DH values, amino acid contents, and antioxidant activities of the protein extracts were positively correlated. Thus, the extractions with Flavourzyme and Alcalse were a good method to produce a significant amount of amino acids and smaller peptides.
Buenas prácticas para el despliegue seguro del servicio de correo electrónico
Authors: Almaguer-Perez Dairis , Hernández-Yeja Adrian
Published: June 2021

Actualmente el correo electrónico es uno de los servicios más afectados por los problemas de seguridad que proliferan en la Red, tanto en internet como en redes locales o intranet. Los especialistas en servicios telemáticos de las organizaciones tienen el gran reto de proveer un servicio de correo electrónico que garantice su estabilidad, su disponibilidad y que minimice los riesgos de la suplantación de identidad, los correos no deseados y los llamados correos spam. El objetivo de la presente investigación es realizar un análisis de los principales problemas de seguridad que proliferan en este servicio y describir un conjunto de buenas prácticas para una configuración y un despliegue seguros del servicio de correo electrónico. De esta manera se contribuirá a disminuir los problemas de seguridad asociados a este servicio y por consiguiente una mayor satisfacción de los usuarios.
Genetic Detection of Neospora caninum in the Blood of Dairy Cattle from Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Correa-Castro Tania-Alejandra , Gómez-Palacio Andrés-Mauricio , Pulido-Medellín Martin-Orlando
Published: June 2021

Neospora caninum is a parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa that causes significant economic losses for cattle husbandry worldwide. Despite its relevance, information regarding infection prevalence in endemic areas of Colombia is scarce. Previous studies have reported a high seroprevalence in dairy cattle from Boyacá, which suggests a significant risk factor for active transmission of neosporosis. However, there is no available data concerning the infection stage or the presence of said parasite in the peripheral blood of dairy cattle. In this study, genetic detection of N. caninum was carried out using a nested PCR with an Nc-5 marker on peripheral blood samples from dairy cows in the municipalities of Paipa, Toca, and Tuta. Four positive samples were sequenced through the Sanger method, which were then edited, aligned, and compared to sequences available in the GenBank database. The parasite’s DNA was detected in 23 out of 170 analyzed blood samples. A qualitative detection limit was estimated (~64 parasites per volume of blood sampled). This is the first report of DNA detection of N. caninum through PCR in blood from Colombian dairy cattle. Thereupon, further studies about N. caninum molecular detection and population genetics in cattle peripheral blood could be very useful for the early diagnosis of neosporosis and creating more effective epidemiological surveillance strategies.
Dual System Least-Squares Finite Element Method for a Hyperbolic Problem
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Na Hyesun
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the dual system least-squares finite element method, namely the LL∗ method, for a hyperbolic problem.
It mainly considers nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws and proposes a combination of the LL∗ method and Newton’s iterative method.
In addition, the inclusion of a stabilizing term in the discrete LL∗ minimization problem is proposed, which has not been investigated previously.
The proposed approach is validated using the one-dimensional Burgers equation, and the numerical results show that this approach is effective in capturing shocks and provides approximations with reduced oscillations in the presence of shocks.
Natural cork and its agglomerates as substitutes for high-density expanded polystyrene foams in sandwich cores
Authors: Miralbes Ramon , Ranz David , Gómez José A. , Zouzias Dimitris
Published: June 2021

Natural cork (NC) and its agglomerates are renewable materials that could be effective substitutes for non-renewable foams, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), in the cores of sandwich materials. Although many existing studies have analysed the behaviour of different cork agglomerates under tensile, compression, or shear loads, no studies to date have simultaneously analysed the behaviour of multiple cork materials under all these loads. Therefore, in this study, the behaviour of NC and five cork agglomerates were analysed under tensile, compression and shear loads, and the mechanical and specific properties and the shape of the stress–strain curves were compared with those obtained for five EPS counterparts to analyse the relationship between the mechanical behaviour of the core and the main failure modes of the sandwich. Although EPS exhibited higher specific properties, NC exhibited higher mechanical properties under all the loads. The agglomerates all exhibited lower mechanical properties except for shear strain. Additionally, because no specific standards were available for testing cork products, slightly modified standards for testing other materials were adopted.
Solution of non-linear time fractional telegraph equation with source term using B-spline and Caputo derivative
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Kamran Mohsin , Asghar Noreen
Published: June 2021

This article focusses on the implementation of cubic B-spline approach to investigate numerical solutions of inhomogeneous time fractional nonlinear telegraph equation using Caputo derivative. L1 formula is used to discretize the Caputo derivative, while B-spline basis functions are used to interpolate the spatial derivative. For nonlinear part, the existing linearization formula is applied after generalizing it for all positive integers. The algorithm for the simulation is also presented. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is examined on three test problems with different initial boundary conditions. The influence of parameter α on the solution profile for different values is demonstrated graphically and numerically. Moreover, the convergence of the proposed scheme is analyzed and the scheme is proved to be unconditionally stable by von Neumann Fourier formula. To quantify the accuracy of the proposed scheme, error norms are computed and was found to be effective and efficient for nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs).
Exploratory and discriminant analysis of plant phenolic profiles obtained by UV–vis scanning spectroscopy
Authors: Souza Monique , José Comin Jucinei , Moresco Rodolfo , Maraschin Marcelo , Kurtz Claudinei , Emílio Lovato Paulo , Rogério Lourenzi Cledimar , Kokowicz Pilatti Fernanda , Loss Arcângelo , Kuhnen Shirley
Published: June 2021

Some species of cover crops produce phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential. The use of math, statistical and computational tools to analyze data obtained with spectrophotometry can assist in the chemical profile discrimination to choose which species and cultivation are the best for weed management purposes. The aim of this study was to perform exploratory and discriminant analysis using R package specmine on the phenolic profile of Secale cereale L., Avena strigosa L. and Raphanus sativus L. shoots obtained by UV–vis scanning spectrophotometry. Plants were collected at 60, 80 and 100 days after sowing and at 15 and 30 days after rolling in experiment in Brazil. Exploratory and discriminant analysis, namely principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, t-test, fold-change, analysis of variance and supervised machine learning analysis were performed. Results showed a stronger tendency to cluster phenolic profiles according to plant species rather than crop management system, period of sampling or plant phenologic stage. PCA analysis showed a strong distinction of S. cereale L. and A. strigosa L. 30 days after rolling. Due to the fast analysis and friendly use, the R package specmine can be recommended as a supporting tool to exploratory and discriminatory analysis of multivariate data.
Risk of metformin failure in the treatment of women with gestational diabetes
Authors: Herrera Kimberly M. , Ou Jennie P. , Persad Malini D. , Bernasko James , Garretto Diana , Garry David
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To estimate the metformin failure rate in women with gestational diabetes.

Methods

The study was designed as a retrospective cohort of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes by the 75 g 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. Women were placed into two groups: metformin success (107 patients not requiring insulin therapy) or metformin failure (15 patients requiring the addition of, or, transition to insulin). Primary outcome: rate of metformin failure. Secondary outcomes: maternal and neonatal factors.

Results

The failure rate of metformin was 15% (19/122 women) in the study. The failure group was more likely to have 3 abnormal values on a 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (37% (n=7/19) vs. 15% (n=15/103), p=0.02). Patients who failed had higher average fasting blood glucose levels on the glucose tolerance test as well as on pretreatment fasting finger stick values. Those who failed metformin were diagnosed with gestational diabetes and started on metformin earlier in gestation.

Conclusions

Overall low rate of metformin failure in treatment of gestational diabetes.
Testing New Water Repellent Solutions to Protect Deteriorated Granite
Authors: Costa D. , Delgado Rodrigues J.
Published: June 2021

The evaluation of nano-particle based products to protect granite surfaces from water absorption is presented. Wettability, water absorption, drying behaviour and water vapour transfer were considered as the most relevant parameters for this evaluation. The effect of the application methods on the final performance was also tested. The results allow to consider that nanostructured products may present some advantages when compared with conventional water repellent products, namely on some common relevant harmful effects, such as colour changes, water vapour or liquid transfer during drying, but their effectiveness as barriers against water absorption upon longer contact time may not be equally satisfactory.
Innovative Nano-TiO2 Particles for Self-cleaning Treatments of Historic Architecture and Sculptures
Authors: Gherardi F. , Colombo A. , Goidanich S. , Simonutti R. , Toniolo L.
Published: June 2021

The study reports the results of a new treatment based on water and ethylene glycol nano-TiO2 dispersions showing photocatalytic properties that was tested on both Noto stone (calcarenite) and Carrara marble. To verify that the proposed treatments did not affect the intrinsic properties of the stone materials, colour measurement, static contact angle and water absorption by capillarity tests were carried out before and after the treatments. The efficacy of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles applied to the stone substrates was evaluated by decomposition tests of organic colorants (Rhodamine B), both after indoor natural light exposition and after ageing in a Xenon lamp solar box. The specimens were also exposed to outdoors environment in order to verify their properties as self-cleaning agents to prevent soiling. The results showed that nano-TiO2 dispersions were effective and suitable for the use in the field of architectural heritage.
Evaluating the effectiveness of commercial teat disinfectant products sold in Ireland using the disc diffusion method
Authors: Fitzpatrick S.R. , Garvey M. , Flynn J. , O’Brien B. , Gleeson D.
Published: June 2021

Evaluation of teat disinfectant products for their effectiveness against the most prevalent mastitis-causing bacteria is important to identify the most effective ingredients against specific bacterial strains. Ninety-six commercially available teat disinfectant products were tested against three bacterial strains associated with mastitis in Ireland (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli) using the disc diffusion method. Products were reclassified by active ingredients (n = 9) for analysis. These ingredient groups included: chlorhexidine (n = 25), chlorine dioxide (n = 5), diamine (n = 1), iodine (n = 13), iodine combined with lactic acid (n = 5), lactic acid (n = 15), lactic acid combined with chlorhexidine (n = 21), lactic acid combined with hydrogen peroxide (n = 1) and lactic acid combined with salicylic acid (n = 10). The ingredient group chlorine dioxide resulted in the greatest zones of inhibition for all three bacterial strains. An individual product containing a combination of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide resulted in the greatest zone of inhibition for Sta. aureus and Str. uberis, whereas a specific product within the chlorine dioxide group resulted in the greatest zones of inhibition for E. coli. High concentrations of active ingredient did not necessarily increase the effectiveness for the majority of teat disinfectant products. It is possible to use the disc diffusion method to evaluate/screen a large number of teat disinfectant products prior to conducting field trials to establish the products’ ability to reduce intramammary infections (IMI).
Lithuanian Political Parties in the Age of Populism: Content Analysis of the 2016 and 2020 Seimas Election Programmes
Authors: Ulinskaitė Jogilė
Published: June 2021

During the spread of populism in politics, we know little about the prevalence of populism in the discourse of Lithuanian political parties. This article presents a content analysis of Lithuanian political parties’ manifestos for the 2016 and 2020 parliamentary elections. The results show that references to the people as a homogeneous unit are relatively widespread, but the number of anti-elitist paragraphs in party programmes is lower. We can divide the parties into three groups according to the level of populism. The most populist parties, located at the fringes of the party system, received little support from the voters in the Seimas elections. Parties that presented relatively high numbers of people-centrist paragraphs and a relatively moderate criticism of the elite proved to be much more successful in the election.
Translation of Moroccan Paremias Into French: Equivalence Between Paremias Starting With « lli » in Moroccan Arabic and « qui » in French
Authors: Hamdane Hanane
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to search for equivalences between the paremias in Moroccan Arabic and French. Our study is based on a corpus of Moroccan and French paremias belonging to the same class: Moroccan paremias starting with “lli” and French paremias starting with “qui” (which is the French equivalent of “lli”).The corpus was drawn mainly from works identifying phraseological units, audio recordings of spontaneous conversations of speakers of Moroccan Arabic and notes taken while listening to conversations in different contexts. After the morpho-phonological transcription of the corpus, we proceeded to the analysis of the phraseologies in order to: (i) highlight the convergences and divergences between paremiological phraseology in Moroccan Arabic and French, and their degrees of equivalence, and (ii) check the existence of paremiological universals by studying the equivalences between two different languages.
Antibacterial Activity of Sugarcane Bagasse Nanocellulose Biocomposite with Chitosan Against Escherichia coli
Authors: Hisbiyah A'yunil , Nurfadlilah Lilik , Hidayah Rohmawati
Published: June 2021

Antibacterials have been used to treat infectious diseases in both humans and animals since 1929. Along with their use, there is resistance to some antibacterials. 43% of Escherichia coli is resistant to various types of antibiotics. Therefore, research on the development of antibacterial ingredients is always being developed. Nanocellulose has received a lot of attention on its application of antibacterial material support. Meanwhile, chitosan is an antibacterial biopolymer with a brittle structure, hence nanocellulose is added to chitosan film to increase its structural stability. In this study, nanocellulose was extracted from sugarcane bagasse through a combination method of sulfuric acid hydrolysis with ultrasonic waves. The effect of addition of nanocellulose to chitosan mechanical properties was investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization showed that there were differences in morphology between nanocellulose, chitosan, and nanocellulose-chitosan biocomposites. The result of X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that biocomposites was successfully formed. The average size of nanocellulose particle was 132.67 nm. Nanocellulose-chitosan biocomposites with a ratio of 10:2 have the best antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli than other biocomposite ratios.
CASEE Online Winter School. Food Environment and Health Risk Assessment in Danube Region (DanubeFEHRA). Book of Abstracts
Authors:   Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia
Published: June 2021

Why have we organized winter school? We believe everyone should be able to understand how important is Food Environment and Health Risk Assessment in Danube Region. The environment plays a crucial role in people’s physical, mental and social well-being. The degradation of the environment, through air pollution, noise, chemicals, poor quality water and loss of natural areas, combined with lifestyle changes, may be contributing to substantial increases of civilisation diseases. The production and consumption of sufficient, affordable and nutritious food, while conserving the natural resources and ecosystems on which food systems depend, is vital. Food systems play a central role in all societies and are fundamental to ensuring sustainable development. Sustainable food systems are critical to resolving issues of food security, poverty alleviation and adequate nutrition, and they play an important role in building resilience in communities responding to a rapidly changing global environment. 13 students from around the world joined our 2- week Winter School Programme in Slovak republic, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences. CASEE Online Winter School was multidisciplinary, encompassing chemistry, environment, microbiology, nutrition, quality assurance, sensory analysis, management, food engineering and manufacturing and also about very actual problematic Covid-19 and its impact on agri-food sector. The Winter School gave our participants an idea of how interesting these topics really are. Online lectures were provided by experts in agri-food sector from Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, professional lecturers from prestige universities all over the world, state authorities, research institutes and SMEs as well as representatives from CASEE universities.