bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: quality of life, sociodemographic profile and physical complaints
Authors: Santos Patricia Leila dos , Almeida-Ribeiro Graziela A. Nogueira de , Silva Daniele Miguel Daoud , Marques Junior Wilson , Barreira Amilton Antunes
Published: March 2014

Whereas an evaluation of quality of life and possible impacts on the mental state of a patient may help to evaluate the evolution of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), the aim of this study was to study the psychological profile of patients, and evaluate quality of life associated with the disease. Method 41 patients were evaluated using a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results The mean age of the patients was 50.6 years, 63.4% men. Of the participants, 65.9% had other health problems, 39% reported needing help with activities of daily living, 49% slept less than 8 hours per night, and 34.1% complained of some memory deficit. The average MMSE score was 26. Impairment of functional capacity and pain were the more important altered health states. Conclusion CIDP has important social and economic impacts, owing to functional impairments that can lead to professional and personal limitations.
Niemann-Pick disease type C: a case series of Brazilian patients
Authors: Lorenzoni Paulo José , Cardoso Elaine , Crippa Ana C. S. , Lourenço Charles Marques , Souza Fernanda Timm Seabra , Giugliani Roberto , Saraiva-Pereira Maria Luiza , Raskin Salmo , Bruck Isac , Kay Cláudia S. K. , Scola Rosana H. , C.Werneck Lineu , Teive Hélio A. G.
Published: March 2014

The aim of the study was to analyze a series of Brazilian patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C). Method Correlations between clinical findings, laboratory data, molecular findings and treatment response are presented. Result The sample consisted of 5 patients aged 8 to 26 years. Vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, cerebellar ataxia, dementia, dystonia and dysarthria were present in all cases. Filipin staining showed the “classical” pattern in two patients and a “variant” pattern in three patients. Molecular analysis found mutations in the NPC1 gene in all alleles. Miglustat treatment was administered to 4 patients. Conclusion Although filipin staining should be used to confirm the diagnosis, bone marrow sea-blue histiocytes often help to diagnosis of NP-C. The p.P1007A mutation seems to be correlated with the “variant” pattern in filipin staining. Miglustat treatment response seems to be correlated with the age at disease onset and disability scale score at diagnosis.
Ability of aphasic individuals to perform numerical processing and calculation tasks
Authors: De Luccia Gabriela , Ortiz Karin Zazo
Published: March 2014

Objective To compare performance on EC301 battery calculation task between aphasic subjects and normal controls of the same sex, age, and education. Method Thirty-two aphasic patients who had suffered a single left hemisphere stroke were evaluated. Forty-four healthy volunteers were also selected. All subjects underwent a comprehensive arithmetic battery to assess their numerical and calculation skills. Performances on numerical processing and calculation tasks were then analyzed. Results Aphasic individuals showed changes in their ability to perform numerical processing and calculation tasks that were not observed in the healthy population. Conclusion Compared with healthy subjects of the same age and education level, individuals with aphasia had difficulty performing various tasks that involved numerical processing and calculation.
Insegurança alimentar no Nordeste e Sul do Brasil: magnitude, fatores associados e padrões de renda per capita para redução das iniquidades
Authors: Facchini Luiz Augusto , Nunes Bruno Pereira , Motta Janaína Vieira dos Santos , Tomasi Elaine , Silva Suele Manjourany , Thumé Elaine , Silveira Denise Silva da , Siqueira Fernando Vinholes , Dilélio Alitéia Santiago , Saes Mirelle de Oliveira , Miranda Vanessa Iribarrem Avena , Volz Pâmela Moraes , Osório Alessander , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal
Published: March 2014

O artigo analisa a insegurança alimentar em domicílios urbanos com crianças menores de sete anos de idade. Por meio de estudo transversal localizou-se, nas áreas de abrangência de unidades básicas de saúde, 5.419 domicílios na Região Nordeste e 5.081 na Região Sul do Brasil. A insegurança alimentar foi avaliada usando-se a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. A prevalência de insegurança alimentar moderada ou grave foi 22,9% no Nordeste e 7,5% no Sul. Em ambas as regiões, na análise ajustada, a maior probabilidade de insegurança alimentar moderada e grave foi identificada em domicílios chefiados por mulheres, com cor da pele materna preta e parda/mestiça, com menor escolaridade materna, menor renda familiar per capita e beneficiários do Bolsa Família. A insegurança alimentar moderada ou grave seria reduzida em 59,5% no Nordeste e em 45,4% no Sul, com uma renda familiar per capita mínima de R$ 175,00 ao mês. O aumento da renda familiar dos mais pobres e a melhor focalização do Bolsa Família são essenciais para a diminuição da insegurança alimentar no país.
Characterization of epidemiological surveillance systems for healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in the world and challenges for Brazil
Authors: Nogueira Junior Cassimiro , Mello Débora Silva de , Padoveze Maria Clara , Boszczowski Icaro , Levin Anna Sara , Lacerda Rubia Aparecida
Published: March 2014

Surveillance systems for healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are essential for planning actions in prevention and control. Important models have been deployed in recent decades in different countries. This study aims to present the historical and operational characteristics of these systems and discuss the challenges for Brazil. Various models around the world have drawn on the experience of the United States, which pioneered this process. In Brazil, several initiatives have been launched, but the country still lacks a full national information system on HAI, thus indicating the need to promote action strategies, strengthen the role of States in communication between the Federal and local levels, pursue a national plan to organize surveillance teams with the necessary technological infrastructure, besides updating the relevant legislation for dealing with these challenges. Such measures are essential in the Brazilian context for the unified surveillance of HAI, aimed at healthcare safety and quality.
Autonomia financeira em estabelecimentos públicos e privados de saúde no Brasil
Authors: Santos Maria Angelica Borges dos , Madeira Fátima Carvalho , Passos Sonia Regina Lambert , Bakr Felipe , Oliveira Klívia Brayner de , Andreazzi Marco Antonio Ratzsch de
Published: March 2014

Autonomia financeira é um diferencial positivo na gestão pública, sendo referida na Pesquisa de Assistência Médico-Sanitária (2009) por 3,9% dos 52.055 estabelecimentos públicos de saúde. Foi mais frequente em estabelecimentos públicos com internação (17,8% do total), da administração estadual (26,3%) e da Região Sul (6,6%) e, em geral, era parcial (apenas para algumas áreas, como despesas emergenciais, material de consumo e permanentes, serviços de terceiros e pessoal). Quanto à natureza jurídica, 83,7% dos 2.011 estabelecimentos públicos que referiram alguma autonomia são da administração direta. A atribuição de autonomia financeira a estabelecimentos públicos de saúde parece ser definição política local, que não se prende necessariamente a mudanças de natureza jurídica. Ainda assim, confirmou-se um espectro crescente de maior autonomia segundo natureza jurídica, em que estabelecimentos da administração direta da saúde são os menos autônomos e as sociedades empresariais as mais autônomas; 85,8% dos 45.394 estabelecimentos privados tinham alguma autonomia financeira.
Bias of using odds ratio estimates in multinomial logistic regressions to estimate relative risk or prevalence ratio and alternatives
Authors: Camey Suzi Alves , Torman Vanessa Bielefeldt Leotti , Hirakata Vania Naomi , Cortes Renan Xavier , Vigo Alvaro
Published: March 2014

Recent studies have emphasized that there is no justification for using the odds ratio (OR) as an approximation of the relative risk (RR) or prevalence ratio (PR). Erroneous interpretations of the OR as RR or PR must be avoided, as several studies have shown that the OR is not a good approximation for these measures when the outcome is common (> 10%). For multinomial outcomes it is usual to use the multinomial logistic regression. In this context, there are no studies showing the impact of the approximation of the OR in the estimates of RR or PR. This study aimed to present and discuss alternative methods to multinomial logistic regression based upon robust Poisson regression and the log-binomial model. The approaches were compared by simulating various possible scenarios. The results showed that the proposed models have more precise and accurate estimates for the RR or PR than the multinomial logistic regression, as in the case of the binary outcome. Thus also for multinomial outcomes the OR must not be used as an approximation of the RR or PR, since this may lead to incorrect conclusions.
Discursos sobre o papel e a representatividade de conferências municipais de saúde
Authors: Müller Neto Julio Strubing , Artmann Elizabeth
Published: March 2014

A participação da sociedade na definição das políticas de saúde constitui um princípio orientador do sistema público de saúde no Brasil. Analisaram-se os discursos dos participantes sobre o papel e a representatividade de conferências municipais de saúde. O estudo foi realizado em cinco municípios de Mato Grosso, Brasil, no período 2009-2010. Foram entrevistados 30 atores sociais, entre conselheiros e gestores de saúde, planejadores, vereadores e representantes do Ministério Público. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do software Qualiquantisoft para elaboração do discurso do sujeito coletivo. Os discursos encontrados refletem um consenso sobre a importância da conferência municipal de saúde, mesmo no caso daqueles que questionam a efetividade de suas decisões no planejamento e na gestão. Observaram-se discursos resultantes de interpretações de tradições teóricas distintas. Conclui-se que os discursos do sujeito coletivo apresentam argumentos complementares, mas também conflitantes, que buscam maior ressonância e influência na esfera pública sanitária e sobre o sistema político e o poder administrativo.
Crise na educação médica? Um ensaio sobre o referencial arendtiano
Authors: Silveira Rodrigo Pinheiro , Stelet Bruno Pereira , Pinheiro Roseni
Published: March 2014

Trata-se de um ensaio que contribui para o contexto de transformações na educação médica no Brasil à luz do pensamento da filósofa política Hannah Arendt. A autora faz uma leitura crítica da modernidade, apontando seu contexto de crise e quanto esta se reflete em áreas como as da educação e da política. Partindo das reflexões sobre a crise na educação, a ruptura com a tradição e a perda da autoridade, trazemos seu pensamento para uma análise sobre a prática médica e sua formação, pautadas, sobretudo, pelo modelo biomédico e outras manifestações do mundo moderno. Por fim, ressaltamos a necessidade de se trabalhar, na educação médica, com categorias como responsabilidade, julgamento e pensamento reflexivo, que foram objetos de análise da autora, já na fase final de sua vida.
Limites e potencialidades das rodas de conversa no cuidado em saúde: uma experiência com jovens no sertão pernambucano
Authors: Sampaio Juliana , Santos Gilney Costa , Agostini Marcia , Salvador Anarita de Souza
Published: March 2014

Este artigo trata de um ensaio empírico embasado na análise critica da experiência das rodas de conversas com adolescentes do sexo feminino de quatro comunidades do sertão pernambucano. Com ele, busca-se contribuir com a qualificação metodológica e pedagógica das rodas de conversa, haja vista o seu desenvolvimento cada vez mais comum em diversos contextos no campo da promoção da saúde. Advoga-se por um lado que a roda de conversa é mais que disposições circulares de cadeiras e, por outro, que é um modo crítico de pensar os papéis socialmente construídos transversalizados pelas históricas e desiguais relações de classe, gênero e etnia. Por fim, com ele, busca-se reafirmar o compromisso com espaços que possibilitem o inesperado das vozes divergentes. Apontando tal fertilidade discursiva, é possível produzir um olhar sobre as rodas de conversa como estratégia metodológica, engajada na ação pedagógica-transformadora.
"Fui lá no posto e o doutor me mandou foi pra cá": processo de medicamentalização e (des)caminhos para o cuidado em saúde mental na Atenção Primária
Authors: Bezerra Indara Cavalcante , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa , Gondim Ana Paula Soares , Lima Leilson Lira de , Vasconcelos Mardênia Gomes Ferreira
Published: March 2014

Buscou-se compreender como o cuidado em saúde mental vem sendo produzido na Atenção Primária, com base nas experiências de profissionais, usuários e familiares. As informações obtidas foram categorizadas pelos aspectos observados na efetivação da interface entre Atenção Primária e saúde mental, descritos como: medicamentalização dos problemas de saúde mental apresentados pela população; dificuldades no acesso dos usuários do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) à Unidade de Saúde da Família, e formação em saúde mental para os profissionais da Atenção Primária. O processo de medicamentalização perpassa as práticas dos profissionais e configura-se como a principal demanda dos usuários do CAPS, indicando a necessidade de ações desmedicalizantes, que encontram potência na incorporação de novas relações e dinâmicas sociais no território, maior articulação das equipes e estímulo à participação social da comunidade neste processo.
O acesso à contracepção de emergência como um direito? Os argumentos do Consórcio Internacional sobre Contracepção de Emergência
Authors: Bastos Luíza Lena , Ventura Miriam , Brandão Elaine Reis
Published: March 2014

O Consórcio Internacional sobre Contracepção de Emergência (ICEC) tem sido um dos principais difusores da Contracepção de Emergência (CE), um medicamento estratégico para as políticas públicas que envolvem os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Ele se constitui em forte interlocutor político e acadêmico, fomentando o debate entre os vários continentes. Este artigo pretende refletir sobre alguns elementos discursivos apresentados pelo consórcio, em seu website, para expandir o acesso à CE.
Qualidade de vida dos surdos que se comunicam pela língua de sinais: revisão integrativa
Authors: Chaveiro Neuma , Duarte Soraya Bianca Reis , Freitas Adriana Ribeiro de , Barbosa Maria Alves , Porto Celmo Celeno , Fleck Marcelo Pio de Almeida
Published: March 2014

O estudo objetivou revisar a produção científica sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de surdos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e Portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Os resultados indicam que sintomas de ansiedade e depressão são mais acentuados nos surdos e podem estar relacionados a dificuldades de comunicação. As pessoas que vivenciam problemas de comunicação evitam novas relações sociais, e isso pode aumentar o isolamento social e reduzir a QVRS. Para os surdos que se comunicam pela Língua de Sinais, a QVRS só pode ser efetivamente avaliada por instrumentos traduzidos e adaptados em sua língua. Conclui-se que a surdez tem um impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de pessoas surdas.
Mortalidade por acidentes de motocicleta no Brasil: análise de tendência temporal, 1996-2009
Authors: Martins Evandro Tostes , Boing Antonio Fernando , Peres Marco Aurélio
Published: March 2014

OBJETIVO Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por acidentes de motocicleta no Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo descritivo de séries temporais sobre a taxa de mortalidade de acidentes de motocicleta no Brasil, segundo unidades federativas e faixas etárias entre 1996 e 2009. Os dados de óbitos foram obtidos no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde e da população no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística. Taxas de mortalidade padronizadas foram calculadas no período para o Brasil como um todo e Unidades Federativas. Variações anuais das taxas de mortalidade foram estimadas pelo método de Prais-Winsten de regressão linear. RESULTADOS A taxa de mortalidade por acidentes de motocicleta aumentou de 0,5 para 4,5/100.000 habitantes de 1996 a 2009 (aumento de 800% no período e 19% ao ano). Estados com maiores taxas em 2009 foram: Piauí, Tocantins, Sergipe e Mato Grosso. As maiores taxas de crescimento foram observadas nos Estados das regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. CONCLUSÕES Houve grande aumento das taxas de mortalidade por acidente de motocicleta em todo o Brasil no período, principalmente nos Estados do Nordeste.
Associação de dor crônica com uso de serviços de saúde em idosos residentes em São Paulo
Authors: Dellaroza Mara Solange Gomes , Pimenta Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos , Lebrão Maria Lúcia , Duarte Yeda Aparecida
Published: March 2014

OBJETIVO Analisar a associação entre a utilização de serviço de saúde por idosos com dor crônica e variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal com amostra populacional realizado por meio de inquérito domiciliar em São Paulo, SP, em 2006, com 1.271 idosos de 60 anos ou mais, sem déficit cognitivo, que relataram dor crônica. Dor crônica foi definida como aquela com duração ≥ 6 meses. O critério para uso do serviço de saúde foi ter feito mais de quatro consultas ou uma internação no último ano. Para os idosos com dor há pelo menos um ano, testou-se a existência de associação entre uso do serviço de saúde com as variáveis independentes (características da dor, sociodemográficas e doenças autorreferidas), por meio de análises univariadas (teste de Rao & Scott) e múltiplas (Regressão Múltipla de Cox com variância robusta). Utilizou-se o programa Stata 11.0 e adotou-se como valor de significância p < 0,05. RESULTADOS A prevalência de utilização do serviço de saúde nos idosos com dor foi 48,0% (IC95% 35,1;52,8) e não diferiu dos idosos sem dor (50,5%; IC95% 45,1;55,9). A chance de utilização do serviço de saúde foi 33,0% menor nos idosos com dor há mais de dois anos do que naqueles com dor entre um e dois anos (p = 0,002); 55,0% maior nos idosos com dor intensa (p = 0,003) e 45,0% maior entre os que relataram interferência moderada da dor no trabalho (p = 0,015) na análise múltipla. CONCLUSÕES A dor crônica foi frequente e esteve associada a maiores prejuízos na independência e mobilidade. A dor crônica mais intensa, a mais recente e a com impacto no trabalho resultaram em maior uso dos serviços de saúde.
Desigualdades sociais e tuberculose: análise segundo raça/cor, Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Basta Paulo Cesar , Marques Marli , Oliveira Roselene Lopes de , Cunha Eunice Atsuko Totumi , Resendes Ana Paula da Costa , Souza-Santos Reinaldo
Published: March 2014

OBJETIVO Analisar características sociodemográficas e clínico-epidemiológicas dos casos de tuberculose e fatores associados ao abandono e ao óbito na vigência do tratamento. MÉTODOS Estudo epidemiológico baseado em dados notificados de tuberculose em indígenas e não indígenas, segundo raça/cor, em Mato Grosso do Sul, entre 2001 e 2009. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos casos de acordo com as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, zona de residência, exames empregados para o diagnóstico, forma clínica, tratamento supervisionado e situação de encerramento, segundo raça/cor. Utilizou-se análise univariada e múltipla por meio de regressão logística para identificar preditores de abandono e óbito, e odds ratio como medida de associação. Foi construída série histórica de incidência, segundo raça/cor. RESULTADOS Registraram-se 6.962 casos novos de tuberculose no período, 15,6% entre indígenas. Houve predomínio em homens e adultos (20 a 44 anos) em todos os grupos. A maior parte dos doentes indígenas residia na zona rural (79,8%) e 13,5% dos registros nos indígenas ocorreram em < 10 anos. A incidência média no estado foi 34,5/100.000 habitantes, 209,0; 73,1; 52,7; 23,0 e 22,4 entre indígenas, amarelos, pretos, brancos e pardos, respectivamente. Doentes de 20 a 44 anos (OR = 13,3; IC95% 1,9;96,8), do sexo masculino (OR = 1,6; IC95% 1,1;2,3) e de raça/cor preta (OR = 2,5; IC95% 1,0;6,3) mostraram associação com abandono de tratamento, enquanto doentes > 45 anos (OR = 3,0; IC95% 1,2;7,8) e com a forma mista (OR = 2,3; IC95% 1,1;5,0) apresentaram associação com óbito. Apesar de representarem 3,0% da população, os indígenas foram responsáveis por 15,6% das notificações no período. CONCLUSÕES Houve importantes desigualdades em relação ao adoecimento por tuberculose entre as categorias estudadas. As incidências nos indígenas foram consistentemente maiores, chegando a exceder em mais de seis vezes as médias nacionais. Entre pretos e pardos, piores resultados no tratamento foram observados, pois apresentaram chance de abandono duas vezes maior que os indígenas. O mau desempenho do programa também esteve fortemente associado ao abandono e ao óbito. Acredita-se que, enquanto não se reduzir a pobreza, as desigualdades nos indicadores em saúde permanecerão.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS-infected individuals in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Domingos Abílio , Ito Lucy Sayuri , Coelho Elizabeth , Lúcio Jorge Manuel , Matida Luiza Harunari , Ramos Jr Alberto Novaes
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in patients infected with HIV/AIDS and the association of demographic and social variables. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional study that included the analysis of sociodemographic data and laboratory findings of 200 patients infected with HIV/AIDS treated in a laboratory unit in Maputo, Mozambique, in 2010. Individual data for all participants were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Plasma samples were tested for IgG testing of anti- T. gondii using hemagglutination for the analysis of antibodies. RESULTS The seroprevalence of IgG anti- T. gondii was 46.0% (95%CI 39.2;52.9), 39.3% (95%CI 29.5;50.0) in men and 50.9% (95%CI 41.9;59.8) in women, with no difference between sex (OR 1.30; 95%CI 0.95;1.77; p = 0.12). Ages ranged from 10 to 60 years, with a higher prevalence of infection in older age groups, but with no significant difference between them. Regularly consuming cattle meat (OR 1.74; 95%CI 1.04;2.89, p = 0.05), breeding cats/dogs (OR 6.18; 95%CI 3.60;10.62, p < 0.000) and having regular contact with soil (OR 3.38; 95%CI 2.19;5.21; p < 0.000) were significantly associated with risk of latent infection. CONCLUSIONS Toxoplasmosis is an infection with high prevalence in Mozambique. Cultural and behavioral aspects increase the risk. Toxoplasmosis can be responsible in our environment by the great burden of morbidity and mortality associated with meningoencephalic injuries in patients with HIV/AIDS.
Debate sobre salud pública y despenalización del dopaje
Authors: Pedraz Miguel Vicente
Published: March 2014

Este artículo pretende alertar de las contradicciones inherentes a la definición del deporte con relación a la salud y la educación. Tomando como referencia el dopaje, intenta elevar al debate público las repercusiones que la industria del rendimiento deportivo tiene en la salud pública. La práctica clandestina del dopaje conduce a muchos deportistas profesionales y aspirantes a la inseguridad sanitaria y a la desorientación ética de los practicantes aficionados y enseñantes del deporte. Por ello, se plantea la necesidad de discutir una eventual despenalización del dopaje en el deporte profesional.
Prevalence and factors associated with incidents related to medication in surgical patients
Authors: Paranaguá Thatianny Tanferri de Brito , Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz , Santos Andressa Luanna Moreira dos , Silva Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of incidents related to medication, registered in the medical records of patients admitted to a Surgical Clinic, in 2010. This is a cross-sectional study, conducted at a university hospital, with a sample of 735 hospitalizations. Was performed the categorization of types of incidents, multivariate analysis of regression logistic and calculated the prevalence. The prevalence of drug-related incidents was estimated at 48.0% and were identified, as factors related to the occurrence of these incidents: length of hospitalization more than four days, prescribed three or more medications per day and realization of surgery intervention. It is expected to have contributed for the professionals and area managers can identify risky situations and rethink their actions.
Factors associated with vaccination against Influenza A (H1N1) in the elderly
Authors: Victor Janaína Fonseca , Gomes Gabriele Dias , Sarmento Luana Rodrigues , Soares Arethusa Morais de Gouveia , Mota Fernanda Rochelly do Nascimento , Leite Bruna Michelle Belém , Soares Edson Silva , Silva Maria Josefina da
Published: March 2014

This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral factors and receiving information about the vaccine against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) associated with vaccination of elderly people. Study of quantitative and transversal nature, in which 286 elderly residents in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil participated. The association between variables was analyzed by the Pearson chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval and significance level (p≤0.05). The results revealed that, unlike the sociodemographic characteristics, many clinical, behavioral and informational aspects correlated significantly with adherence to Influenza A (H1N1) vaccination. It is believed that the findings can be used in strategies to control and prevent infection by viral subtypes within the elderly population, extensible even to other vaccine-preventable diseases, especially in light of possible future pandemics.
Organization of healthcare and assistance to the elderly indigenous population: synergies and particularities of the professional context
Authors: Rissardo Leidyani Karina , Carreira Lígia
Published: March 2014

This study aimed to describe the effects of the organization of primary healthcare on the assistance provided to the elderly Kaingang population, according to the perception of health professionals that work in this area. It is a qualitative and descriptive study, supported by ethnography methodological references, and was conducted with ten healthcare professionals that work in Faxinal, an indigenous territory in the state of Paraná, in Brazil. Data was collected from November 2010 to February 2012 through participant observation and interviews. The results revealed that health professionals strive to meet the health needs of the elderly Kaingang people; however, there are negative effects that hinder the professional care, especially limited human resources, lack of training and material resources, heavy workload and high turnover rates. This study highlights the need to improve work conditions in order to provide better healthcare.
Comprehensiveness in child healthcare teaching in Undergraduate Nursing: perspective of teachers
Authors: Cursino Emília Gallindo , Fujimori Elizabeth , Gaíva Maria Aparecida Munhoz
Published: March 2014

This qualitative study analyzed, from the teacher’s perspective, if the principle of comprehensiveness is included in child healthcare teaching in nursing education. The participants were 16 teachers involved in teaching child healthcare in eight undergraduate nursing programs. Data collection was performed through interviews that were submitted to thematic content analysis. The theory in teaching incorporates comprehensive care, as it is based on children’s epidemiological profile, child healthcare policies and programs, and included interventions for the promotion/prevention/rehabilitation in primary health care, hospitals, daycare centers and preschools. The comprehensive conception of health-disease process allows for understanding the child within his/her family and community. However, a contradiction exists between what is proposed and what is practiced, because the teaching is fragmented, without any integration among disciplines, with theory dissociated from practice, and isolated practical teaching that compromises the incorporation of the principle of comprehensiveness in child healthcare teaching.
Nursing concepts and theories
Authors: Bousso Regina Szylit , Poles Kátia , Cruz Diná de Almeida Lopes Monteiro da
Published: March 2014

The theory framework of nursing science is built in a dynamic process that arises from practice and is reproduced through research, mainly by analysis and development of concepts and theories. This study presents a theory reflection on nursing knowledge construction and points out subsidies for future studies in the area. The interrelation among theory, research, and clinical practice is required for continuous development of nursing as a profession and science. Ideally, the practice must be based on theory that is validated by research. Therefore, theory, research, and practice affect each other reciprocally and continuously.
Analysis of variables that are not directly observable: influence on decision-making during the research process
Authors: Curado Maria Alice Santos , Teles Júlia , Marôco João
Published: March 2014

The sample dimension, types of variables, format used for measurement, and construction of instruments to collect valid and reliable data must be considered during the research process. In the social and health sciences, and more specifically in nursing, data-collection instruments are usually composed of latent variables or variables that cannot be directly observed. Such facts emphasize the importance of deciding how to measure study variables (using an ordinal scale or a Likert or Likert-type scale). Psychometric scales are examples of instruments that are affected by the type of variables that comprise them, which could cause problems with measurement and statistical analysis (parametric tests versus non-parametric tests). Hence, investigators using these variables must rely on suppositions based on simulation studies or recommendations based on scientific evidence in order to make the best decisions.
Flowers visited by hummingbirds in an urban Cerrado fragment, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Barbosa-Filho Waldemar Guimarães , Araujo Andréa Cardoso de
Published: March 2014

Hummingbirds are the main vertebrate pollinators in the Neotropics, but little is known about the interactions between hummingbirds and flowers in areas of Cerrado. This paper aims to describe the interactions between flowering plants (ornithophilous and non-ornithophilous species) and hummingbirds in an urban Cerrado remnant. For this purpose, we investigated which plant species are visited by hummingbirds, which hummingbird species occur in the area, their visiting frequency and behavior, their role as legitimate or illegitimate visitors, as well as the number of agonistic interactions among these visitors. Sampling was conducted throughout 18 months along a track located in an urban fragment of Cerrado vegetation in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. We found 15 species of plants visited by seven species of hummingbirds. The main habit for ornithophilous species was herbaceous, with the predominance of Bromeliaceae; among non-ornithophilous most species were trees from the families Vochysiaceae and Malvaceae. Hylocharis chrysura was the hummingbird that visited the largest number of plant species and also attended the greater number of agonistic events. The high proportion (66.7%) of non-ornithophilous species visited by hummingbirds in the present study was similar to that found in other communities analyzed in Brazil. The fact that ornithophilous species in the area does not offer resources continuously throughout the year should induce hummingbirds to search for alternative resources, and contribute to the high proportion of non-ornithophilous species visited. In general, the floral form was not a barrier to floral visits by hummingbirds, although morphological characteristics of flowers from some plant species may be restrictive. Tabebuia aurea, for example, presents flowers with long corollas, hindering the access to floral resources by the pollinators, what may favor the occurrence of illegitimate visits by hummingbirds. Despite of being a small fragment of Cerrado vegetation, the studied remnant can be considered an important refuge, sheltering a great richness of hummingbird species comparable to several forested areas in Brazil.
Larval trematodes in freshwater gastropods from Mato Grosso, Brazil: diversity and host-parasites relationships
Authors: Mattos Aline Carvalho de , Boaventura Maria Fernanda Furtado , Fernandez Monica Ammon , Thiengo Silvana Carvalho
Published: March 2014

A survey for freshwater gastropods carrying trematodes parasites was conducted in Manso Dam and the surrounding areas frequented by tourist, focusing particularly on the Pantanal region. Infected snails were recovered from twelve of the eighteen investigated municipalities and forty-one cercaria-snail pairings were recorded. Among these pairings were several first records of snails serving as intermediate hosts for trematodes in Brazil including Biomphalaria amazônica Paraense, 1966, Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981, Marisa planogyra Pilsbry, 1933, Pomacea maculata Perry, 1830, Pomacea scalaris (d'Orbigny, 1835) and Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828). Echinostomatidae and Strigeidae were the most common trematode families (ca. 47%) and the greatest diversity of larvae were obtained from Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1839). Paramphistomatidae, Schistosomatidae or Spirorchiidae and Notocotylidae or Pronocephalidae were recovered in D. lucidum for the first time extending the number of families which use this gastropod as intermediate host. Although no specimens were found harboring larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 other trematode larvae were discovered, including the Schistosomatidae Brevifurcate apharingeate cercaria that can cause dermatitis in humans. Continued studies on the taxonomy and biology of trematodes are essential to better understand the biodiversity of these parasites as well as the epidemiological aspects for control of associated zoonosis.
Fauna of Leptophlebiidae Banks (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) on fragments of the Atlantic Forest from west region of Santa Catarina State, Brazil
Authors: Raimundi Erikcsen Augusto , Salles Frederico Falcão , Souza-Franco Gilza Maria de
Published: March 2014

The first studies of Leptophlebiidae in the Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil, dated from 1920. Since then, not much is known about the family (even to the Order Ephemeroptera) to the State. The main goal of this study was to survey fauna of Leptophlebiidae in the Santa Catarina State based on nymphs. The material was obtained from the collection deposited at the Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ecologia e Química of the Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, besides additional specimens collected between 2008 and 2009. Occurrences were plotted in the hydrograph map of Santa Catarina State, with one map for each genus. The Leptophlebiidae nymphs were recorded in 26 aquatic environments that included small streams and rivers. We identified 24 morphotypes distributed in 12 genera. Number of genera in the Western of Santa Catarina increased from eight to 15. Thraulodes, Ulmeritoides and Homothraulus presented higher frequency of occurrence in the region. Leentvaaria and Hermanella were associated to regions well conserved such as in the Araucaria forest. Needhamella and Segesta were related mainly to Irani River.
Floral-oil-producing Plantaginaceae species: geographical distribution, pollinator rewards and interactions with oil-collecting bees
Authors: Martins Aline Cristina , Alves-dos-Santos Isabel
Published: March 2014

Floral oils as reward to pollinators occur in eleven plant families and appeared at least 28 times in the evolutionary history of flowering plants. They are produced in epithelial or tricomatic glands and collected by oil bee visitors. The present paper focuses on floral-oil-producing species of Plantaginaceae, a Neotropical group namely Angelonia clade. This group comprises around 40 described species in the genera Angelonia, Basistemon, Monttea, Monopera and the oil-less Melosperma. We present a revision of all species of the Angelonia clade, their geographical distribution, resources offered to pollinators and records of flower visitors, especially oil-collecting bees. These plants rely only on oil-collecting species in the tribe Centridini and Tapinotaspidini for a successful pollination, being the interaction between both partners an especial case of bee/flower adaptation in Neotropical region. Some bee species depend only on the oil of Plantaginaceae flowers to survive, while others can collect on several floral oil sources. The pollinating bees explore the oil glands located in sacs using specialized hairs in the forelegs. With this study, we hope to inspire further research relating to this fascinating group of plants, in which most species are rare and occur in highly endangered habitats in South American open vegetation biomes.
Use of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to study the feeding ecology of small coastal cetacean populations in southern Brazil
Authors: Hardt Fernando Augusto Sliva , Cremer Marta Jussara , Tonello Junior Antonio José , Bellante Antonio , Buffa Gaspare , Buscaino Giuseppa , Mazzola Salvatore , Barreto André Silva , Martinelli Luiz Antonio , Zuppi Giovanni Maria
Published: March 2014

Samples from individuals of the populations of Sotalia guianensis (Guiana) and Pontoporia blainvillei (Franciscana) dolphins living in the Babitonga Bay estuary (26° 28′ S/48° 50′ W), and samples from individuals of a second population of P. blainvillei from a nearshore area (26° 38′ S/48° 41′ W), were collected and analyzed along with their prey between 2000 and 2006, to determine the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and to verify differences in their feeding ecology. No differences were found in the median ð15N values of Guiana (15.2‰) and Franciscana (15.9‰) dolphins living in Babitonga Bay, nor of nearshore Franciscana (15.0‰) individuals, suggesting no variation in the trophic level of these populations. However, the lack of more information on the isotopic compositions of their putative prey in the nearshore areas prevents the ability to draw definitive conclusions on this issue. The estuarine Franciscana and Guiana dolphin populations presented mean ð13C values of approximately −15.7‰, which were not statistically different from nearshore Franciscana individuals (−14.8‰). Based on stomach content analyses of these species from a previous study, it was reported that there was little overlap in the diet of estuarine Franciscanas and Guiana dolphins. However, based on the similarity of the ð13C values between these two species and of their putative prey, it appears that in fact there is an overlap in the diet of these two species. Based solely on stable isotope analysis, it was not possible to differentiate between estuarine and nearshore Franciscana populations, making it difficult to conclude whether captured nearshore specimens were indeed yearlong residents of these areas. Finally, this study suggests that Franciscana and Guiana dolphin populations are sharing the same resources, mostly L. brevis, D. rhombeus, and S. rastrifer. Therefore, the combination of resource sharing and commercial exploitation of their prey makes these two cetacean species vulnerable.
Chironomus amissum sp. n. (Diptera, Chironomidae) from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Correia Leny Célia da Silva , Trivinho-Strixino Susana , Michailova Paraskeva
Published: March 2014

The paper presents a description of larva, pupa, imago (male) and karyotype of Chironomus amissum from southeastern Brazil. It belongs to pseudothummi cytocomplex with 2n=8 and chromosome arm combinations: AE BF CD G. Several fixed homozygous inversions distinguished arm A of the new species from that of Chironomus columbiensis Wülker et al. 1989 and Chironomus anonymus Williston, 1896. One homozygous inversion of arm F differentiated it from C. anonymus. Species-specific characters were presented in the larva, pupa and imago.
Gall-inducing insects from Campos de Altitude, Brazil
Authors: Coelho Marcel Serra , Carneiro Marco Antônio Alves , Branco Cristina , Borges Rafael Augusto Xavier , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson
Published: March 2014

Gall-inducing insects are very specious in vegetations of southeastern Brazil. Our goal was describe the gall richness by characterizing their external forms and their patterns of occurrence on host plants. Samples were collected from Campos de Altitude at four regions of the Mantiqueira Range: 1) Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, 2) Parque Nacional do Caparaó, 3) Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, 4) Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. We found 93 gall species within 13 families, 30 genera and 50 host plant species. We recorded 38 gall species in Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, 21 in Parque Nacional do Caparaó, 23 in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca and 20 in Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Asteraceae represented 33% of the species collected, followed by Melastomataceae at 17%; with each one concentrating 56% and 18% of the galling insects, respectively. 98% of galls were Cecydomiidae (Diptera). The most attacked organ was the stem (56%), followed by the leaf (23%). Only 12% of the galls described in our study had been already recorded in previous studies, thus reinforcing the need to increase the sampling effort toward a better understanding of the richness and the natural history of gall-inducing insects from Brazil.
Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil)
Authors: Maia Valéria Cid
Published: March 2014

Six localities of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil) were investigated from September, 2011 to June, 2012. The local vegetation was examined in search of insect galls. A total of 152 morphotypes of insect galls were found on 94 plant species (74 genera and 37 families). Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, and Asteraceae were the plant families with the greatest richness of galls, with 20, 18, 17, and 12 gall morphotypes, respectively. The super host genera were Copaifera L. (Fabaceae), Myrcia DC. ex. Guill. (Myrtaceae), and Miconia Ruiz & Pav. (Melastomataceae), with 10, 10 and 09 gall morphotypes, respectively. The super host species was Copaifera cf.langsdorfii Desf. (Fabaceae), with 10 gall morphotypes. Galls were found on leaves, stems, buds, and aerial roots. Leaves were the most galled plant organ, followed by stems, and buds. The inducers belong to Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera, being Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) the most frequent and diversified gallers. The associated fauna included parasitoids (Hymenoptera), inquilines (Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera), successors (Formicidae, Hymenoptera), and predators (pseudoscorpion), obtained from 18, 02, 02, and 01 gall morphotype, respectively. Ten galling species are recorded for the first time in São Tomé das Letras (MG). The present study indicates São Tomé das Letras (MG) as an area of great richness of insect galls.
The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru
Authors: Catenazzi Alessandro , Lehr Edgar , May Rudolf von
Published: March 2014

We compile a list of all amphibians and reptiles known to occur within Manu National Park, Peru and its buffer zone, located in one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. Covering approximately 0.01% of the planet's terrestrial surface, this protected area preserves 155 species of amphibians and 132 species of reptiles, corresponding to 2.2% and 1.5% respectively of the known diversity for these groups. Moreover, Manu National Park preserves natural habitats and populations of one critically endangered (Atelopus erythropus), three endangered (Bryophryne cophites, Pristimantis cosnipatae and Psychrophrynella usurpator), three vulnerable amphibians (Atelopus tricolor, Gastrotheca excubitor, Rhinella manu) and two vulnerable reptiles (Chelonoidis denticulata, Podocnemis unifilis), according to the threat categories of the IUCN Red List.
Pequenos mamíferos não-voadores (Didelphimorphia, Rodentia) em campos litorâneos do extremo sul do Brasil
Authors: Quintela Fernando Marques , Gonçalves Bruno Igure , Trindade Gabriel Eberts , Santos Maurício Beux dos , Tozetti Alexandro Marques
Published: March 2014

Non-volant small mammals are key elements in natural environments due its importance as food resource. This study aimed to investigate the species composition and habitat occupancy by non-volant small mammals (Didelphimorphia, Rodentia) in a coastal grassland area in southern Rio Grande do Sul coastal plain. Between April 2009 and March 2010 pitffal traps were used to capture small mammals in coastal grasslands associated to sand dunes and arbustive Restinga. We sampled 180 individuals including two marsupials (Cryptonanus guahybae and Didelphis albiventris) and seven rodent species (Calomys laucha, Cavia aperea, Ctenomys flamarioni, Deltamys kempi, Oligoryzomys flavescens, Oxymycterus nasutus and Scapteromys tumidus). Cryptonanus guahybae, D. albiventris and C. flamarioni were captured only in dunes while C. aperea and O. nasutus were recorded only in arbustive Restinga habitats. Calomys laucha, D. kempi, O. flavescens and O. nasutus were captured in both habitats. Oligoryzomys flavescens and C. laucha were the most representative species in both habitats, comprising respectively 40.7 and 38.9% of captures in dunes and 56.3 and 34.9% of captures in Restinga habitats. The species richness recorded in the sampled coastal grasslands area was lower than those previously recorded in subtropical forest coastal systems.
Diversity and distribution of mollusks along the Contas River in a tropical semiarid region (Caatinga), Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Kotzian Carla Bender , Amaral Aline Monique Blank do
Published: March 2014

An inventory of macroinvertebrates conducted in the Contas River basin in Northeastern Brazil found 13 species of freshwater mollusks. Most of the community was represented by pulmonate gastropods, including Physa acuta, Drepanotrema anatinum, D. cimex, D. lucidum, Biomphalaria straminea?, Gundlachia radiata?, G. ticaga and Hebetancylus moricandi; the prosobranchs Pomacea archimedis?, Melanoides tuberculata and Littoridina sp. were also found. Bivalves were less diversified, represented only by Pisidium pulchellum? and Eupera simoni?. The taxonomic composition and the small size of many species reflect the intermittent condition of the basin. Additionally, the occurrence of shells of five terrestrial species (Helicina angulata, Gastrocopta pellucida hordeacella?, Beckianum beckianum, Succinea sp. and Systrophiidae gen. et sp. indet.) in the rivers reflects the occasional heavy rainfalls and floods in the region. The invasive gastropod M. tuberculata was the most abundant and widely distributed species. All 13 species were found in the lower course, in the Atlantic Forest region, and most, but not all, were recorded in the upper course, in the Caatinga region. The distribution and the occurrence of the bivalve species exclusively in the Atlantic Forest region indicate that the locally higher annual precipitation provides favorable conditions for the survival of these mollusks, such as a more stable hydroperiod.