bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Outcomes and Optical Quality of Accommodative, Multifocal, Extended Depth-of-Focus, and Monofocal Intraocular Lenses in Presbyopia-Correcting Cataract Surgery
Authors: Cho Jeong-Yeon , Won Yeo Kyoung , Park Jongyeop , Nam Jin Hyun , Hong Ji-Yoon , Min Serim , Kim Nahyun , Chung Tae-Young , Lee Eui-Kyung , Kwon Sun-Hong , Lim Dong Hui
Published: September 2022

Importance

A bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) can help compare the various types of multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) used in clinical practice.

Objective

To compare outcomes of presbyopia-correcting IOLs frequently recommended in clinical practice through a bayesian NMA based on a systematic review.

Data Sources

Medline (PubMed) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched on May 15, 2021, from inception.

Study Selection

Based on the research question, randomized clinical trials assessing multifocal IOLs in patients who underwent bilateral cataract extraction were searched. Nonrandomized studies, studies in patients with unilateral or contralateral cataract extractions, duplicated studies, conference abstracts, and nonpeer-reviewed articles were excluded.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Descriptive statistics and outcomes were extracted. The NMA was conducted to compare different types of IOLs. The mean differences for continuous variables, odds ratios for binary variables, 95% credible intervals (CrIs), and ranks of interventions were estimated.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcomes examined included binocular visual acuities by distance and optical quality, including glare, halos, and spectacle independence.

Results

This NMA included 27 studies comprising 2605 patients. For uncorrected near visual acuity, trifocal IOLs (mean difference, −0.32 [95% CrI, −0.46 to −0.19]) and old bifocal diffractive IOLs (mean difference, −0.33 [95% CrI, −0.50 to −0.14]) afforded better visual acuity than monofocal IOLs. Regarding uncorrected intermediate visual acuity, extended depth-of-focus IOLs provided better visual acuity than monofocal IOLs. However, there were no differences between extended depth-of-focus and trifocal diffractive IOLs in pairwise comparisons. For uncorrected distant visual acuity, all multifocal IOLs were comparable with monofocal IOLs. There were no statistical differences between multifocal and monofocal IOLs regarding contrast sensitivity, glare, or halos.

Conclusions and Relevance

For patients considering a multifocal IOL due to presbyopia, bilateral implantation of a trifocal IOL might be an optimal option for patients without compromising distant visual acuity.
Hierarchical Porosities Strategy to Enhance the Absorbing Performance of Graphene Aerogels
Authors: Li Zhaojun , Liu Ling , Liu Xin , Wang Hongyu
Published: September 2022

Graphene aerogels ha shown fabulous capability in microwave absorption (MA) because of their high surface area, low density, and great chemical stability. To fully exploit its MA capability, the microstructural regulation of graphene aerogels should be carefully studied. Herein, 3D holey‐reduced graphene aerogels (3D‐HGAs) with hierarchical porosity structures composed of nanopores in the plane of graphene oxide (GO) sheets and macropores in aerogel for high‐performance absorbing materials are prepared. The efficient absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3D‐HGA can reach 7.1 GHz and the minimum reflection loss is −36.4 dB, showing a significant increase contrasted with 3D‐reduced GO aerogels (3D‐RGA). Hierarchical porosity, interfacial polarization, multiple reflections, and matched impedance are all benefits of promoting MA performance. Consequently, the low filling content, low density, and special hierarchical porosity inspire the design of high‐performance radar absorption materials.
High‐Temperature Hybridized Copper–Boron Nitride Materials from Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Sheng Aaron , Khuje Saurabh , Yu Jian , Zhuang Cheng-Gang , Ren Shenqiang
Published: September 2022

Copper plays an important role in electronics, while the demands for extreme environment technology desire copper to be capable of use at high temperatures. However, copper suffers greatly from oxidation in the environment, posing a great challenge toward the reliability of electronics in extreme environments. Herein, high‐temperature (1000 °C)‐capable copper–boron nitride hybridized conductor materials from additive manufacturing of copper nanoplates along with a borane–ammonia complex precursor are reported. Such hybridized conductor materials show high electric conductivities of 4.8 MS m−1 and current‐carrying capacity of 4.5 × 107 A m−2. In addition, the capillary action of liquid silver is demonstrated, and alumina packaging strategies passivate hybridized copper–boron nitride for the enhanced cyclability at high temperatures.
Roles of Anion Sites in High‐Performance GeTe Thermoelectrics
Authors: Li Meng , Xu Sheng‐Duo , Hong Min , Lyu Wan‐Yu , Wang Yuan , Dargusch Matthew , Zou Jin , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: September 2022

Cationic doping is mainly used to improve the performance of rocksalt‐structured GeTe thermoelectric materials. However, its counterpart anionic doping is scarcely facilitated. Here, a comprehensive discussion is provided on doping at the anion site of rocksalt‐structured thermoelectric materials, surrounding its influence on bonding mechanisms, carrier and phonon transport characteristics, and thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit. To verify the viewpoint, a modified flux‐assist method is adopted to synthesize anionic Iodine (I) doped GeTe samples, which show comparably optimized electrical and thermal properties with that of cationic Antimony (Sb) or Bismuth (Bi) doped GeTe samples. Further combining cationic Bi and anionic I co‐doping, an enhanced figure‐of‐merit from 0.8 in pristine GeTe to 2.5 at 675 K can be realized in 8% (Bi and I) co‐doped GeTe, which corresponds to a maximum heat‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency of 14.6% under a temperature difference of 430 K. This study rationalizes the influence of anionic doping on the electrical and thermal properties of the rocksalt‐structured materials, which serves as an effective yet previously neglected strategy toward high‐performance GeTe thermoelectrics.
Revealing Lithium Battery Gas Generation for Safer Practical Applications
Authors: Liu Pei , Yang Luyi , Xiao Biwei , Wang Hongbin , Li Liewu , Ye Shenghua , Li Yongliang , Ren Xiangzhong , Ouyang Xiaoping , Hu Jiangtao , Pan Feng , Zhang Qianling , Liu Jianhong
Published: September 2022

Gases generated from lithium batteries are detrimental to their electrochemical performances, especially under the unguarded runaway conditions, which tend to contribute the sudden gases accumulation (including flammable gases), resulting in safety issues such as explosion and combustion. The comprehensive understanding of battery gas evolution mechanism under different conditions is extremely important, which is conducive to realizing a visual cognition about the complex reaction processes between electrodes and electrolytes, and providing effective strategies to optimize battery performances. This review aims to summarize the recent progress about battery gas evolution mechanism and highlight the gas suppression strategies to improve battery safety. New approaches toward future gas evolution analysis and suppression are also proposed. It is anticipated that this review will inspire further developments of lithium batteries on performance, gas suppression, and safety, especially in high energy density systems.
Zwitterionic Dendrimersomes: A Closer Xenobiotic Mimic of Cell Membranes
Authors: Joseph Anton , Wagner Anna M. , Garay‐Sarmiento Manuela , Aleksanyan Mina , Haraszti Tamás , Söder Dominik , Georgiev Vasil N. , Dimova Rumiana , Percec Virgil , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar
Published: September 2022

Building functional mimics of cell membranes is an important task toward the development of synthetic cells. So far, lipid and amphiphilic block copolymers are the most widely used amphiphiles with the bilayers by the former lacking stability while membranes by the latter are typically characterized by very slow dynamics. Herein, a new type of Janus dendrimer containing a zwitterionic phosphocholine hydrophilic headgroup (JDPC) and a 3,5‐substituted dihydrobenzoate‐based hydrophobic dendron is introduced. JDPC self‐assembles in water into zwitterionic dendrimersomes (z‐DSs) that faithfully recapitulate the cell membrane in thickness, flexibility, and fluidity, while being resilient to harsh conditions and displaying faster pore closing dynamics in the event of membrane rupture. This enables the fabrication of hybrid DSs with components of natural membranes, including pore‐forming peptides, structure‐directing lipids, and glycans to create raft‐like domains or onion vesicles. Moreover, z‐DSs can be used to create active synthetic cells with life‐like features that mimic vesicle fusion and motility as well as environmental sensing. Despite their fully synthetic nature, z‐DSs are minimal cell mimics that can integrate and interact with living matter with the programmability to imitate life‐like features and beyond.
Design of Smart Aggregates: Toward Rapid Clinical Diagnosis of Hyperlipidemia in Human Blood
Authors: Sun Feiyi , Zhao Wei , Shen Hanchen , Fan Ni , Zhang Jianyu , Liu Qingqing , Xu Changhuo , Luo Jiaming , Zhao Mengying , Chen Yuyang , Lam Kristy W. K. , Yang Xueqin , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sun Jianwei , Zhang Hongfei , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2022

Molecular aggregates with environmental responsive properties are desired for their wide practical applications such as bioprobes. Here, a series of smart near‐infrared (NIR) luminogens for hyperlipidemia (HLP) diagnosis is reported. The aggregates of these molecules exhibit a twisted intramolecular charge‐transfer effect in aqueous media, but aggregation‐induced emission in highly viscous media due to the restriction of the intramolecular motion. These aggregates, which can autonomously respond to different environments via switching the aggregation state without changing their chemical structures are described, as “smart aggregates”. Intriguingly, these luminogens demonstrate NIR‐II and NIR‐III luminescence with ultralarge Stokes shifts (>950 nm). Both in vitro detection and in vivo imaging of HLP can be realized in a mouse model. Linear relationships exist between the emission intensity and multiple pathological parameters in blood samples of HLP patients. Thus, the design of smart aggregate facilitates rapid and accurate detection of HLP and provides a promising attempt in aggregate science.
Achieving Low Threshold and High Optical Gain Amplified Spontaneous Emission in MAPbI3 Perovskite Films via Symmetric Waveguide Effect
Authors: Zeng Xin , Liu Zhengzheng , Du Huijun , Wang Zhujun , Li Maohan , Pi Mingyu , Tan Jianjun , Zhang Dingke , Yang Jie , Du Juan
Published: September 2022

Lead halide perovskites are attractive light source candidates for new amplifiers and lasers in the growing field of short‐distance data communication. However, the presence of plenty of defects and poor stability are the major obstacle to the production and application of perovskite optoelectronic devices. Three strategies are proposed to prepare MAPbI3 perovskite films with high stability and enhanced light amplification in this study: 1) MAPbI3 films are prepared with ionic liquid methylammonium acetate (MAAc) to improve the quality of the films; 2) a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) passivation layer is used to improve the optical and thermal stability of the MAPbI3 film; 3) a symmetric waveguide (SWG) structure is designed to enhance the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties of the MAPbI3 film. The formed SWG exhibits increased mode confinement and reduced propagation loss, thus enabling a lower ASE threshold, a higher optical gain and improved photostability, thermal and humidity stability compared with the pristine MAPbI3 film. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and electric field distribution calculation are utilized to elucidate the carrier dynamics and carrier‐phonon effect and the microscopic origin of the observed effects of functionalization. This study indicates the possibility of simple and effective approaches for realizing efficient ASE and lasing.
Natural Supra‐Molecular Structure Engineering for High‐Performance Potassium Batteries Separator
Authors: Wang Taohong , Liu Quanhui , Zhou Jiang , Wang Xinghui , Lu Bingan
Published: September 2022

Although potassium batteries (KBs), such as potassium‐metal batteries and potassium‐ion batteries, promise low cost and high‐energy density, specialized separators are not available that can satisfy the KBs operations. In this work, a hierarchical porous cellulose (HPC) separator with high‐performance, by engineering of the natural supra‐molecular structure of cellulose, is reported. The supra‐molecular and hierarchical structure of cellulose provides the separator with high porosity, excellent mechanical properties, superior electrolyte wettability, and stable thermal performance. The incorporation of small pore size (0.64 µm) and suitable tortuosity (1.83) reveal that the separator enables uniform current distribution and inhibits the puncturing of K dendrites. Thus, a lifespan of more than 1000 h for a K//K symmetric cell is achieved without short‐circuiting. Benefiting from the high K+ transference number (0.69), graphite//K and Prussian blue (PB)//K cells with HPC separators exhibited pre‐eminent cycling stability (400 and 200 cycles, respectively) and high‐rate performance. Moreover, the PB//graphite full cell with HPC separator is shown to deliver a reversible capacity of 86 mAh g−1 with 100 cycles. This novel HPC separator provides a possibility for the sustainable development of KBs and other energy storage systems by the rational structural modification of plants.
Osteology applied to image diagnosis of the forelimb of the black‐striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus Spix, 1823)
Authors: de La Salles Ana Y. F. , de Andrade Jéssica K. , de Souza Joyce G. , Freitas Kelvis de B. , Carreiro Artur da N. , Veloso Edson V. L. , Rocha Ediane F. , Klem Marcius A. P. , Câmara Felipe V. , de Menezes Danilo J. A.
Published: September 2022

Macroscopic bone analysis and evaluation through imaging methods are essential in the recognition of natural and altered structures. Therefore, this study aimed at describing the osteology the thoracic limb of Sapajus libidinosus in bone pieces, identifying them in radiographic and tomographic images. For this, four cadavers were used in the macroscopic analysis and five animals for the imaging exams, of which four were euthanized and added to the macroscopic stage. For imaging exams, the animals were kept anesthetized. All bones were documented, structures described, and compared with literature data from human and nonhuman primates. There was no statistical difference between males and females regarding the length of the forelimb bones. Most of the bone structures of the scapula were well identified in the imaging methods, being more restricted in the ventrodorsal projection. The clavicle presented very limited visualization. The humerus, as well as the radius and ulna, were not well portrayed in their proximal and distal epiphyses by radiography. However, they were well identified on tomography. All structures described in the macroscopic image of the carpal and metacarpal bones could be identified through radiography and tomography, and the radiographic examination of this region is an excellent method for identifying fractures. The glenoid notch of the scapula was not visualized by any imaging method. S. libidinosus presented anatomical characteristics more similar to those of neotropical primates and man, being a great indicator of an experimental model for studies in these species.
Genetic characterization of two North Italian villages: A story of isolation, ancient admixture, and genetic drift
Authors: Mezzavilla Massimo , Cocca Massimiliano , Maisano Delser Pierpaolo , Francescatto Margherita , de Gemmis Paola , Segat Daniela , Cattelan Paola , Da Meda Marina , Magnini Luigi , Bettineschi Cinzia , de Guio Armando , Gasparini Paolo
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Population isolates represent a focus of interest because of their particular genetic history and the possibility of mapping peculiar deleterious variants. Here we investigated the pattern of genetic variation in two North Italian villages: Rotzo (RTZ) and Stoccareddo (STC), in the Asiago plateau.

Materials and methods

We genotyped over 800 individuals for more than 600.000 markers. We investigated the isolation level by analyzing runs of homozygosity (ROH) and the level of population structure. Then we estimated the time of admixture and the relationship between ancient genomes and these two villages. Finally, we looked at the effect of genetic drift on deleterious variants.

Results

We highlighted a different isolation level between RTZ and STC; despite the average number of ROH being similar between the two villages, RTZ shows a higher level of total homozygosity. We estimated, from different sources, that the time of admixture for the ancestors of these two populations was between 113 and 88 generations ago.

We discovered that a deleterious variant in MCUB gene (rs78025076), which is linked to several lipid traits, is entirely absent in RTZ and at 1%frequency in STC. In contrast, the risk allele frequency is 2% in Europe and 2.4% in North‐East Italy.

Discussion

These results show the importance of a genetic characterization of geographically isolated populations. Their vast array of past history could highlight specific events in the past and help describe deleterious variants and traits distribution in different regions.
A Universal Photoactivatable Tag Attached to Fluorophores Enables Their Use for Single‐Molecule Imaging
Authors: Zhang Xuebo , Guan Daoming , Liu Yawei , Liu Jinyang , Sun Kuangshi , Chen Song , Zhang Yanxin , Zhao Bingjie , Zhai Tianli , Zhang Yunxiang , Li Fuyou , Liu Qian
Published: September 2022

Single molecule localization microscopy based on photoactivation is a powerful tool for investigating the ultrastructure of cells. We developed a general strategy for photoactivatable fluorophores, using 2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐oxathiine group (SO) as a tag to attach to various skeletal structures, including coumarin, BODIPY, rhodamine, and cyanine. The conjugation of SO resulted in a significant loss of fluorescence due to photoinduced electron transfer (PeT). Under the irradiation of excitation light, singlet oxygen generated by the fluorophores converted the SO moiety into its ester derivative, terminated the PeT process, and restored the fluorescence. Single molecule localization imaging was achieved using a dual functional illuminating beam in the visible, acting as both the activating and the exciting source. We successfully applied these photoactivatable probes for time‐lapse super‐resolution tracking in living cells and super‐resolution imaging of microtubule structures in neurons.
Thiolated, Reduced Palladium Nanoclusters with Resolved Structures for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen
Authors: Zhuang Shengli , Chen Dong , You Qing , Fan Wentao , Yang Jun , Wu Zhikun
Published: September 2022

Although thiolated, reduced Group 11 metal nanoclusters with atomic monodispersity have been repeatedly reported in the past decade, their Pd analogues have not been reported thus far. In this work, we provide a resolution for the challenging synthesis and obtain for the first time an atomically monodisperse thiolated, reduced Pd (q=+0.75) nanocluster with a di‐tetrahedron Pd8kernel and a +3 charged interstitial B atom, as revealed by ESI‐MS, SCXRD, etc. μ‐6 B is found for the first time in Group 10 and 11 metal nanoclusters. More importantly, the as‐obtained Pd nanoclusters show better catalytic activity compared to 1.4 nm Pd nanoparticles, Pd2complexes and even a commercial Pt/C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), having significant implications for the influence of the metal charge state and space structure on the catalytic activity.
Fe3O4@glutamate MOF functionalized with Co nanoparticles anchored dicyandiamde: As a capable heterogeneous and reusable nanocatalyst in C–P cross‐coupling reaction
Authors: Eftekhar Melika , Khosravi Iman
Published: September 2022

Herein, we report an efficient, simple, coherent, and green benign synthesis of the C–P coupling reaction based on the Fe3O4@glutamate MOF functionalized with Co nanoparticle anchored dicyandiamide. The structure of the as‐prepared catalyst was characterized by a series of measurement techniques, including FT‐IR, XRD, BET, TEM, FE‐SEM, EDX, EDX‐mapping, VSM, TGA, and ICP‐OES. The aforementioned nanocatalyst with a unique structure exhibited excellent catalytic performance on various substrates towards the synthesis of C–P cross‐coupled products in good to high yields under mild conditions. This unique heterogeneous catalytic system kept relatively high catalytic activity after five recycle runs under the same reaction conditions.
Characterization and fabrication of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/nanocrystalline cellulose composite membranes for heavy metal ion separation
Authors: Kian Lau Kia , Jawaid Mohammad , Mahmoud Mohamed H. , Saba Naheed , Fouad Hassan , Alothman Othman Y. , Vaseashta Ashok
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this work was to produce poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) membranes packed with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCCs) using an phase inversions technique induced by water vapor and crystallization. Four membranes containing NCCs at concentrations ranging from 0% to 3% were produced and characterized utilizing a variety of materials research techniques. The 3% NCC‐filled membrane exhibited a conspicuous and well‐assimilated polymeric structure during morphological testing. Meanwhile, increasing the NCCs from 0% to 3% loadings may enhance membrane porosity while simultaneously decreasing pore size. The thermal resistance of the clean membrane was boosted significantly by a 1% NCC loading, but dropped significantly with 2% and 3% NCC loadings owing to the blazing behavior of sulfated nanocellulose. Additionally, when compared to other samples, the membrane with a 3% NCC loading exhibited the highest mechanical characteristics for Young's modulus (3.34 GPa), elongation at break (9.7%), and tensile strength (32.9 MPa). The continuous operation test revealed that a 3% NCC loaded membrane had maximum removal effectiveness for metal ions of chromium with 92% and manganese with 90%. Hence, the NCCs‐filled PBAT composite membranes have high potential for treatment of wastewater streams in the future.
Tubulin deacetylase NDST3 modulates lysosomal acidification: Implications in neurological diseases
Authors: Tang Qing , Li Xiangning , Wang Jiou
Published: September 2022

Neurological diseases (NDs), featured by progressive dysfunctions of the nervous system, have become a growing burden for the aging populations. N‐Deacetylase and N‐sulfotransferase 3 (NDST3) is known to catalyze deacetylation and N‐sulfation on disaccharide substrates. Recently, NDST3 is identified as a novel deacetylase for tubulin, and its newly recognized role in modulating microtubule acetylation and lysosomal acidification provides fresh insights into ND therapeutic approaches using NDST3 as a target. Microtubule acetylation and lysosomal acidification have been reported to be critical for activities in neurons, implying that the regulators of these two biological processes, such as the previously known microtubule deacetylases, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), could play important roles in various NDs. Aberrant NDST3 expression or tubulin acetylation has been observed in an increasing number of NDs, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD), schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that NDST3 is a key player in the pathogenesis of NDs and may serve as a target for development of new treatment of NDs.
The counselor education experiences of foreign‐born faculty: Teaching multicultural counseling
Authors: Luo Ye , Cartwright Angie D. , Hecht Liesl , Morris Hailey , Quinn Carol
Published: September 2022

We explored the experiences of eight foreign‐born faculty who taught multicultural counseling courses and found six themes related to intersectionality, negative experiences, and environmental factors. Implications for this study include suggestions for supporting foreign‐born faculty on environmental, departmental, and interpersonal levels.
Charakterisierung und Qualitätssicherung von Oberflächenvorbehandlungen auf Kunststoffbauteilen
Authors: Heilig Michael , Kraus Eduard , Hochrein Thomas , Bastian Martin
Published: September 2022

Mit dem Ziel der Benetzungs‐, Adhäsions‐ und Langzeitstabilitätssteigerung werden auf Kunststoffoberflächen oft Vorbehandlungen für Lackier‐ und Klebprozesse durchgeführt. Aufgrund der Vielzahl an verfügbaren Charakterisierungsverfahren von aktivierten Kunststoffoberflächen wird ein Überblick über etablierte Charakterisierungsmöglichkeiten gegeben, die sich zum Einstellen von Prozessen oder der Qualitätssicherung eignen. Zudem werden neue vielversprechende Forschungsansätze zur flächigen und zerstörungsfreien Qualitätskontrolle von aktivierten Kunststoffoberflächen diskutiert.
Intrusion detection framework using auto‐metric graph neural network optimized with hybrid woodpecker mating and capuchin search optimization algorithm in IoT network
Authors: Govindaraju Shanthi , Vinisha Wilson Vimala Rani , Shajin Francis H. , Sivasakthi D. Adhimuga
Published: September 2022

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are the major component of safe network. Due to the high volume of network data, the false alarm report of intrusion to the network and intrusion detection accuracy is the problem of these security systems. The reliability of Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices based on security model is employed to protect user data and preventing devices from engaging in malicious activity. In this article, intrusion detection framework using auto‐metric graph neural network optimized with hybrid woodpecker mating and capuchin search optimization algorithm in IoT Network (IDF‐AGNN‐HYB‐WMA‐CSOA‐ IoT) is proposed. Initially the attacks affected in the IoT data is taken from the dataset such as CSIC 2010 dataset, ISCXIDS2012 dataset, then these data are preprocessed and the features are extracted to remove the redundant information using improved random forest with local least squares. Then the malicious attacks and the normal attacks are classified using the auto‐metric graph neural network. At last hybrid woodpecker mating and capuchin search optimization algorithm (Hyb‐WMA‐CSOA) is utilized to optimize the weight parameters of AGNN. The performance of ISCXIDS2012 dataset of the proposed method shows higher accuracy 25.37%, 29.57%, and 18.67%, compared with existing methods, such as IDF‐ANN‐IoT, IDF‐BMM‐IoT and IDF‐DNN‐IoT respectively.
On the Radical‐Induced Degradation of Quaternary Ammonium Cations for Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers
Authors: Nemeth Tamas , Nauser Thomas , Gubler Lorenz
Published: September 2022

Four benzylic‐type quaternary ammonium (QA) compounds with different electron density at the phenyl group were evaluated for their susceptibility against degradation by radicals. Time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy indicated that radicals with oxidizing and reducing character were formed upon oxidation by HO⋅ and O⋅− (conjugate base of HO⋅). It was estimated that, dependent on the QA, 18–41 % of the formed radicals were oxidizing with standard electrode potentials (E0) above 0.276 V and 13–23 % exceeded 0.68 V, while 13–48 % were reducing with E0<−0.448 V. The stability of these model compounds against oxidation and reductive dealkylation was evaluated at both neutral and strongly alkaline conditions, pH 14. Under both conditions, electron‐donating groups promoted radical degradation, while electron‐withdrawing ones increased stability. Therefore, durability against radical‐induced degradation shows an opposite trend to alkaline stability and needs to be considered during the rational design of novel anion‐exchange membranes for fuel cells and electrolyzers.
A 12.5 Gb/s 0.13‐μm CMOS inductorless transimpedance amplifier with 1 pF input capacitance for optical communications
Authors: Parapari Elmira Semsar , Parapari Ehsan Semsar , Koozehkanani Ziaddin Daie , Toofan Siroos
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes an inductorless fully differential transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with a single‐ended photo current to offer high bandwidth for applications of beyond 10 Gb/s optical communications. The presented TIA provides a much lower input impedance by modifying the cross‐coupled regulated cascode (CC‐RGC) configuration. The introduced method is able to enhance the bandwidth in the presence of wide range of input photodiode capacitance from small to large values, with a negligible increase in the peaking of frequency response. The proposed circuit is designed and simulated using the TSMC 130‐nm CMOS technology to validate the proposed technique. The post‐layout simulation results show that the TIA delivers a transimpedance gain of 46.5 dB
, a bandwidth of 8.8 GHz, and an input‐referred current noise of 33 pA/√Hz. The circuit occupies an active area of 0.004 mm2 and consumes 9.8 mW from a 1.3 V supply. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed TIA is verified by means of the Monte Carlo simulations.
Behavior analytic jargon does not seem to influence treatment acceptability ratings
Authors: Normand Matthew P. , Donohue Hailey E.
Published: September 2022

Some have argued that behavior analysts have insulated themselves by eschewing the vernacular and adopting idiosyncratic and sometimes counterintuitive technical terms to describe their science and practice. Because of this, behavior analysis plays a minor role in psychology and related fields and effective behavior‐change interventions go unused. All told, findings about the effects of behavior‐analytic jargon are mixed. Studies that provided technical terms independent of context have produced unfavorable results, whereas studies that have provided context have produced positive or neutral results, overall. This study evaluated the effects of behavioral jargon on the acceptability ratings of several applied behavior analysis interventions described in terms of varying target behaviors, populations, and settings. We presented brief vignettes adapted from published research articles that were described in either jargon or nonjargon versions. There were no appreciable differences in the rated acceptability of interventions described with or without jargon.
Role of extracorporeal photopheresis in the management of children with graft‐vs‐host disease
Authors: Asensi Cantó Pedro , Sanz Caballer Jaime , Fuentes Socorro Carolina , Solves Alcaína Pilar , Lloret Madrid Pilar , Solís Ruíz Jürgen , Torres Guerola Bárbara , de la Rubia Comos Javier , Fernández Navarro José María , Gómez‐Seguí Ines
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplants. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is one of the most accepted second‐line treatments, but technical issues of ECP in children might be prohibitive.

Materials and Methods

Patients under 18 y of age with corticodependant or corticorefractory GVHD receiving ECP at our hospital were included in this retrospective study. ECP was performed with an in‐line system (CellExTherakos) in 2013‐2014 and with an off‐line system (Spectra Optia) from 2015 onwards. Cumulative incidence curves were obtained to compare ECP efficacy among patients grouped by different baseline, apheresis, and disease characteristics. Significant variables on univariate analysis (Gray's test) were pooled into a multivariate analysis (Fine‐Gray proportional hazard regression for competing events).

Results

A total of 701 ECP sessions were performed on 33 patients between October 2013 and December 2021. In total, 97% of the sessions could be executed. In 8% of the sessions an incident was detected, most of them mild and related to catheter dysfunction. With a median follow‐up for alive patients of 33.6 mo (range, 8‐95), the composite partial and complete response cumulative incidence was 70% (95% confidence interval, 51%‐82%) and the median time to maximal response was 2.8 mo (range, 0.25‐9.8). Significantly lower response ratios were found in patients with hepatic, gastrointestinal, acute, or severe GVHD. The only variable that influenced response on multivariate analysis was GVHD severity.

Discussion

ECP is feasible, safe, and effective for pediatric patients with corticorefractory or corticodependant GVHD, offering a less toxic and nonimmunosuppressive treatment option.
Fabrication of superhydrophobic CoFe2O4/polyaniline/covalent organic frameworks/cotton fabric membrane and evaluation of its efficiency in separation of olive oil from water
Authors: Elmi Fard Narges , Fazaeli Reza
Published: September 2022

Ferrite cobalt (CoFe2O4)/polyaniline (PANI)/covalent organic frameworks (COF) composite was prepared. The prepared composite was coated on cotton fabric using dip‐coating method. Contact angle (CA) and adsorption capacity were investigated to evaluate the hydrophobicity and to measure the adsorption capacity of olive oil by the uncoated cotton fabric (UC) and coated cotton (CC) fabric membranes with particles. Examination of wettability behavior showed that CoFe2O4/PANI/COF/cotton fabric (CPCC) membrane with a CA of 159.4° is superhydrophobic. Effective parameters such as composite dose (g), oil/water (O/W) ratio (ml), pH, and temperature (°C) on the olive oil from water separation process were studied. The results showed that the coated membrane with a composite dose concentration 0.1 g, O/W ratio of 100/150 ml, pH equal to 7 and temperature of 25°C has separation efficiency of 99.99% for 8 s. According to the results, the highest flux obtained is about above 48,000 Lm−2 h−1.
Characteristics of wind speeds and outdoor thermal sensation considering the effect of wind speeds: An analysis based on hourly data from 1995 to 2021 in Poland
Authors: Sachindra D. A. , Nowosad M.
Published: September 2022

In this study, characteristics of 10 m height wind speeds (Wsp10) and outdoor human thermal sensation taking wind speeds into account were studied over the period 1995–2021 considering 43 stations in Poland. For estimating hourly Wsp10 from wind speeds measured at different heights, first, the power law exponent was calculated using hourly 10 and 100 m wind speeds obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis project. The power law exponent was much smaller over the Baltic Sea compared to that over Poland. The power law exponent was often larger than 1/7 in Poland, and it varied spatiotemporally. During the period 1995–2021, at 19 of the 43 stations statistically significant monotonic linear trends were observed in Wsp10. It is speculated that land use changes may be one of the causes of these trends in Wsp10, although the land use–Wsp10 relationship was not straightforward. In all seasons, at all stations, except at Kasprowy Wierch (the most elevated station) daytime Wsp10 was higher than the night‐time wind speed. In winter and autumn, the highest Wsp10 occurred around 1300 UTC. In spring and summer, the highest Wsp10 occurred after 1300 UTC. This was probably because in spring and summer the peak temperature occurs later. In all seasons, low/high Wsp10 values were more/less frequent. According to the Beaufort scale and the Parczewski scale, it was understood that both low and high extreme wind conditions have reduced over the period 1995–2021. The Effective Temperature scale indicated increasing/decreasing monotonic linear trends in relatively warm/cold thermal sensation categories. The Wind Chill Temperature exposure risk scale indicated decreasing monotonic linear trends in wind chill. The rising temperature and declining frequency of strong winds are seen as the main causes of these trends.
Polyethylene terephthalate‐polyethylene naphthalte copolymer films with high oxygen barrier properties via in‐situ polymerization with hydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene
Authors: Quan Li‐Jun , Liu Zhen‐Guo , Zhang Qiu‐Yu , Li Zhong‐Ming , Chen Yan‐Hui
Published: September 2022

A series of polyethylene terephthalate‐polyethylene naphthalate (PETN) copolymer films with excellent oxygen barrier properties were prepared by introducing trace amounts of hydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) into PETN via in‐situ polymerization. The PETN‐HTPB copolymer films had strong oxygen scavengering capability. Due to the reaction of HTPB with oxygen, highly dense oxidized layers were formed. The introduction of HTPB also enhanced the nucleation of the PETN and increased crystallinity. The stronger oxygen scavenging capacity, the formation of the oxidized layer, and the increased crystallinity together greatly improved the oxygen barrier performance of the PETN‐HTPB films. When the HTPB content was only 1.0 wt%, the oxygen permeability of the films was as low as 18.2 cc mil m−2 day−1 0.1 MPa−1, which was about 7.5 times lower than that of the pure PETN film. The maximum oxygen scavenging amount of the samples was 8.3 ml g−1. The lowering of the diffusion coefficient instead of lowering of solubility was the main contributor to the decreasing permeability coefficient of the PETN‐HTPB films. This work provides a new idea for the preparation of high oxygen barrier polyester materials with oxygen scavenging capability.
Effect of different type of organomontmorillonites on oxygen permeability of PLA‐based nanocomposites blown films
Authors: Adrar Salima , Ajji Abdellah
Published: September 2022

In this work, four different organomontmorillonites (OMMts): Nanomer® I.30E, Dellites® 43B and 67G and Nanolin® DK2 were selected to prepare OMMt–poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites blown films, using a two‐step process. Three weight percentage of each OMMt was mixed with PLA in a twin‐screw extruder first and then those masterbatches were used to produce OMMt–PLA nanocomposites films using a single‐screw extruder. The degree of interaction between OMMts and PLA was quantified by determining the interaction energy density (β) from the Nishi‐Wang equation. The structure and dispersion of OMMts in the PLA matrix were examined using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, showing that all nanocomposites, except D67G‐PLA, had intercalated structure with similar dispersion. Thermal stability and crystallinity of OMMt–PLA nanocomposites films were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Concern the oxygen permeability, a reduction was reported by all nanocomposites. Nevertheless, the rate of decrease is different, particularly with I.30E, DK2, and D43B that presented similar dispersion. This can be related to the difference of degree compatibility of these OMMt with PLA, as shows the values of interaction parameter. The optimum oxygen barrier performance was achieved by D43B that showed the best interactions with PLA.
Registration of two novel grain sorghum nuclear male sterile mutants: BTx623ms9‐1 and BTx623ms9‐3
Authors: Chen Junping , Laza Haydee , Burow Gloria , Hayes Chad , Burke J. J. , Emendack Yves , Xin Zhanguo
Published: September 2022

The USDA‐ARS has released two new sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] nuclear male sterile (NMS) mutants, BTx623ms9‐1 (Reg. no. GS‐791, PI 699654) and BTx623ms9‐3 (Reg. no. GS‐792, PI 699655). Both mutants were isolated from an ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenized population developed in the inbred line BTx623 and displayed stable male sterility across two environments tested. The homozygous BTx623ms9 panicle produces normal ovaries but small pale‐colored anthers with no pollen grains, making it easy to identify the sterile from the fertile panicles at the start of anthesis. Other than male sterility, the ms9 mutants are indistinctive from BTx623 wild type in morphology and development. Analyses indicate that the male sterility in BTx623ms9 mutants is controlled by recessive mutations on a single nuclear gene and differs from those that are available in currently known NMS lines (ms1, ms2, ms3, ms7, and ms8). The BTx623ms9‐1 and the BTx623ms9‐3 mutants harbor a nonsynonymous mutation (R218A) and a knockout mutation in the gene Sobic.002G221000, respectively. The causal mutations can be used to design molecular markers for efficient introduction of the Ms9 mutations into other sorghum lines. These two released NMS lines segregate for 50% pure male sterile and 50% fertile (Ms9/ms9) plants and can be maintained by pollinating sterile panicles with the pollen of the fertile plants. The two mutants can serve as female parents to create new mapping populations for genetic analysis and for evaluation of experimental hybrids.
What are the similarities and differences in lung cancer symptom appraisal and help‐seeking according to smoking status? A qualitative study with lung cancer patients
Authors: Black Georgia B. , van Os Sandra , Whitaker Katriina L. , Hawkins Gill S. , Quaife Samantha L.
Published: September 2022

Objective

Lung cancer in never‐smokers represents a growing proportion of patients. The relationship between smoking status, symptom appraisal and help‐seeking behaviour is complex. Little is known about cancer symptom‐related health behaviours according to smoking status. The aim of the study was to explore lung cancer patients' experiences of a lung cancer diagnosis, identifying differences by smoking history.

Method

This was a qualitative study involving telephone interviews with 40 lung cancer patients (20 never smokers, 11 former smokers and 9 current smokers). We used framework analysis to analyse the data using the Common Sense Model of Illness Self‐Regulation as a theoretical framework, developed after initial analysis.

Results

All patients were likely to delay seeking help for symptoms in primary care regardless of smoking history, but for different reasons. Smoking history was instrumental to how individuals perceived and responded to early symptoms of lung cancer. Differences in interpretation and coping responses to new symptoms seemed to be caused by the higher presence of comorbidities due to smoking, and perceptions of the current state of health. Individuals with a smoking history reported acting with urgency in seeking help and follow up, whereas patients who experienced low levels of concern were more easily reassured by clinicians, resulting in delays.

Conclusions

Never and former smokers perceive, interpret, and respond to symptoms of lung cancer differently to smokers. However, few people attribute their lung symptoms to cancer initially, even with a smoking history. Interventions that drive increased urgency and vigilance in never smokers may be effective.
Structural insights into the mechanism of adaptive ribosomal modification by PseudomonasRimK
Authors: Thompson Catriona M. A. , Little Richard H. , Stevenson Clare E. M. , Lawson David M. , Malone Jacob G.
Published: September 2022

Bacteria are equipped with a diverse set of regulatory tools that allow them to quickly adapt to their environment. The RimK system allows for Pseudomonas spp. to adapt through post‐transcriptional regulation by altering the ribosomal subunit RpsF. RimK is found in a wide range of bacteria with a conserved amino acid sequence, however, the genetic context and the role of this protein is highly diverse. By solving and comparing the structures of RimK homologs from two related but functionally divergent systems, we uncovered key structural differences that likely contribute to the different activity levels of each of these homologs. Moreover, we were able to clearly resolve the active site of this protein for the first time, resolving binding of the glutamate substrate. This work advances our understanding of how subtle differences in protein sequence and structure can have profound effects on protein activity, which can in turn result in widespread mechanistic changes.
Two‐Dimensional Van Der Waals Topological Materials: Preparation, Properties, and Device Applications
Authors: Zhang Gaojie , Wu Hao , Zhang Liang , Yang Li , Xie Yuanmiao , Guo Fei , Li Hongda , Tao Boran , Wang Guofu , Zhang Wenfeng , Chang Haixin
Published: September 2022

Over the past decade, 2D van der Waals (vdW) topological materials (TMs), including topological insulators and topological semimetals, which combine atomically flat 2D layers and topologically nontrivial band structures, have attracted increasing attention in condensed‐matter physics and materials science. These easily cleavable and integrated TMs provide the ideal platform for exploring topological physics in the 2D limit, where new physical phenomena may emerge, and represent a potential to control and investigate exotic properties and device applications in nanoscale topological phases. However, multifaced efforts are still necessary, which is the prerequisite for the practical application of 2D vdW TMs. Herein, this review focuses on the preparation, properties, and device applications of 2D vdW TMs. First, three common preparation strategies for 2D vdW TMs are summarized, including single crystal exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, and molecular beam epitaxy. Second, the origin and regulation of various properties of 2D vdW TMs are introduced, involving electronic properties, transport properties, optoelectronic properties, thermoelectricity, ferroelectricity, and magnetism. Third, some device applications of 2D vdW TMs are presented, including field‐effect transistors, memories, spintronic devices, and photodetectors. Finally, some significant challenges and opportunities for the practical application of 2D vdW TMs in 2D topological electronics are briefly addressed.
Ausführung und Fertigung von geschweißten, hochfesten Hohlprofilknoten
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Hensel Jonas , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Ummenhofer Thomas , Engelhardt Imke , Kästner Thoralf , Rust Brian , Neumann Martin , Knecht Wigand , Münch Adrian , Schmidt Jan , Hälsig André , Weidner Philipp , Weinert Joscha , Larasser Valentin
Published: September 2022

Etablierte Fertigungsmöglichkeiten erlauben den genauen Zuschnitt der Kontur von auf Hohlprofilgurten aufgesetzten Fachwerkstäben als runde oder rechteckige Hohlprofile. Bei der Tragfähigkeitsberechnung von Hohlprofilanschlüssen nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 und ISO 14346 werden volltragfähige Schweißverbindungen vorausgesetzt. Einflüsse auf die Tragfähigkeit von Hohlprofilanschlüssen haben u. a. die Schweißnahtgeometrie, die Stähle der Gurte und Füllstäbe sowie die verwendeten Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe und Schweißprozesse. Verschiedene Versagensformen setzen voraus, dass der Anschluss eine ausreichende Duktilität ausweist. Daher muss ausreichend plastisches Umlagerungsvermögen vorhanden sein. Mit zunehmender Streckgrenze wird es schwieriger, diese Voraussetzung zu erfüllen. Gründe hierfür können in einer Festigkeitsreduzierung oder Versprödung der Schweißnahtbereiche liegen. Um ein vorzeitiges Versagen innerhalb der Wärmeeinflusszone zu vermeiden, ist eine sach‐ und fachgerechte Ausführung der Schweißverbindungen erforderlich. In einem weiteren Beitrag der vorliegenden Ausgabe der Stahlbau wird auf die statische Tragfähigkeit geschweißter, hochfester Hohlprofilknoten eingegangen. Zu den hierzu laufenden AiF‐FOSTA‐Forschungsvorhaben wird eine Übersicht gegeben. Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Bemessung und Ausführung von Schweißverbindungen an hochfesten Stahlhohlprofilen erläutert. Dabei wird zunächst auf die Bemessungsregeln von Schweißnahtverbindungen in der Neuausgabe der EN 1993‐1‐8 eingegangen. Es folgen Erläuterungen zur Herstellung geschweißter Stahlhohlprofilanschlüsse einschließlich des Zuschnitts, der Flankenvorbereitung und der schweißtechnischen Ausführung. Darauf aufbauend wird die Entwicklung eines Versuchsprogramms zur Untersuchung von Füllstab‐Gurt‐Anschlüssen vorgestellt und der Einfluss der Fertigungsparameter auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Schweißnähte und der Wärmeeinflusszone beschrieben.