bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract with cough
Authors: Morozova S. V. , Rakunova E. B. , Sivokhin D. A. , Litvinova E. P.
Published: May 2022

Acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URTI) accompanied by cough are one of the most common groups of diseases in the world. It includes acute respiratory viral infections, often manifested by rhinosinusitis, tonsillopharyngitis and laryngitis. According to statistics, about 90% of all infectious diseases are acute respiratory infections, with cough accompanying acute respiratory infections in 83% of cases. Cough largely determines the severity of the disease, and its duration over 4 weeks indicates a high probability of process chronicity. Cough with difficult to detach sputum dramatically reduces the patient’s quality of life, bringing discomfort in everyday activities. In addition to the cough, the problem of viral diseases lies in the rather difficult diagnosis at the outpatient stage, due to which excessive prescription of antibiotics occurs. In order to avoid the occurrence of complications, chronicization of the disease and reduce the level of inappropriate prescriptions of antibacterial drugs, it is necessary to apply therapy, aimed both at the etiology, the links of pathogenesis, and the symptoms in order to alleviate the condition of the patient and his speedy recovery. The processes leading to the development of cough in URTI are described in the article; principles of differential diagnostics and peculiarities of therapy of URTI are reviewed. The article presents data on the use of a natural remedy, ivy leaf extract, which helps to get rid of cough in a shorter period of time, thereby improving the well-being of the patient, and is notable for its good tolerability and rare occurrence of side effects, which may surpass synthetic alternatives.
Antibiotic resistance and modern strategy of antibacterial therapy
Authors: Orlova N. V.
Published: May 2022

Antibiotic resistance is a serious health problem. The use of new dosage forms of antibiotics should comply with the strategy of rational use of antimicrobials, which includes a set of measures for hospitals and outpatient network aimed at preserving the effectiveness of existing antibiotics. The principles of the strategy for the use of antimicrobial/antibacterial drugs: the exclusion of unjustified prescribing of antibiotics, the priority of prescribing drugs based on the identification of the bacterial agent and its sensitivity to the antibiotic in comparison with empirical prescribing, taking into account data on regional antibiotic resistance, the application of the principle of minimum sufficiency in relation to the choice of the drug – its dose, the choice of route of administration, safety and duration of treatment. The article uses the example of healthcare systems in different countries to assess the effectiveness of the strategy of rational use of antimicrobials. The problem of unjustified use of antibiotics in the treatment of COVID-19 is discussed. New innovative forms of antibiotics are dispersible tablets. Amoxicillin EXPRESS and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid EXPRESS are antibiotics with improved pharmacokinetic properties in the form of dispersible tablets that have proven their safety and effectiveness against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The analysis of the effectiveness of therapy of diseases caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A, with the use of two forms: Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid. A clinical case of the use of Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid EXPRESS in the form of dispersible tablets is presented, which confirms the effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of acute streptococcal tonsillitis.
Real possibilities of treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Levina L. А. , Zolotova A. V. , Shevchik E. A.
Published: May 2022

Allergic rhinitis occupies a special place among diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Every year the urgency of the problem increases due to the annual increase in the incidence among all age groups of the population. Allergic diseases are often associated with other respiratory diseases or cause them, which requires early diagnosis and selection of competent therapy. Allergic reactions can range from seasonal allergens, such as tree or weed pollen, to year-round irritants, such as dust and pet dander. Currently, the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is being actively studied. There is still debate about the most accurate classification of allergic rhinitis, reflecting all its aspects, such as the time of onset and duration of symptoms, their impact on patients’ lives. This is necessary to find the best methods of treatment with maximum efficiency. The main clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis are nasal itching, sneezing, swelling of the nasal mucosa and rhinorrhea. Often, to relieve symptoms, patients are forced to take many drugs for a long time, which has a significant impact on their quality of life. All over the world, new ways are being developed to optimize the treatment of this group of patients, among which combinations of several drugs used to treat allergic rhinitis, which meet all safety and efficacy requirements. The most commonly used and most effective combinations of drugs are combinations of intranasal glucocorticosteroids with topical histamine H1 receptor antagonists, as well as leukotriene receptor blockers with oral antihistamines.
Antibiotic resistance patterns of chicken and human origin Campylobacter spp. in Turkey
Authors: GUNAYDIN ELCIN , KARDOGAN OZLEM , GONCAGUL GULSEN , BILMAN FULYA BAYINDIR
Published: May 2022

Campylobacteriosis is of great importance for both human and chicken populations. Unconcious and overuse of antibiotics in chickens has led to the transmission of antibiotic resistance patterns to humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter species from the cecal samples at slaughter houses, and also common antibiotic resistance patterns shared between chicken origin and human origin thermophilic Campylobacter species. Isolation and identification was performed according to EN ISO 10272-1: 2017 and Real-Time Multiplex qPCR, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by using the Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Method. Of the examined randomly collected 180 cecal samples at evisceration stage in slaughterhouses, 19 (10.5%), 17 (9.44%) and 2 (1.11%) were found to harbour Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. The highest resistance was determined against quinolones (86.04%) and fluoroquinolones (86.04%) among the tested 43 Campylobacter spp., comprising 19 chicken origin and 24 human origin. Except for erythromycin and gentamicin, all C. jejuni isolates from chickens and humans were found to be resistant to two or three of the antibiotics tested. The same multidrug resistance profiles observed in chicken origin C. jejuni isolates for TET/CIP/NA (70.58%) and CIP/NA (29.41%) were also determined in human origin C. jejuni isolates with the rate of 25% and 50%, respectively for each. To sum up, the same resistance patterns against common antibiotics shared in both human and chicken origin C. jejuni has pose a significant public health problem.
Effects of tutoring in teaching basic subjects to veterinary students
Authors: KĘDZIERSKI WITOLD , WAWRZYKOWSKI JACEK , JAMIOŁ MONIKA , KANKOFER MARTA
Published: May 2022

Students of veterinary medicine usually study in large groups. This factor favours anonymity and hiding behind classmates. The majority of classes are practical, but a lot of material should be self-studied, remembered and understood. Basic subjects, such as chemistry and biochemistry, are taught in the 1st and 2nd years, when students have not yet learnt how to study and how to meet the requirements, which are different from those in the secondary school. This may easily lead to failure in the exams and problems with the organisation of studying. Moreover, it is not easy to change the students’ preconception that chemistry is difficult and impossible to learn, and to convince them that these subjects are indispensable for veterinarians. The aim of the project was to raise the motivation of weak students and to increase their progress in studying. Twenty-six students who had shown no progress were selected. Classes were conducted in small 3- to 5-student groups. Various tools that were used in the project came from the previous courses of team members and from the Masters of Didactics training programme, e.g. flipped classroom and discussion in the group. All students involved in the project changed their methods of studying and successfully passed exams. Tutoring proved successful in teaching veterinary medicine because this kind of studies involves teaching students how to talk, conduct clinical reasoning and integrate knowledge from different disciplines. In conclusion, tutoring can be used as a supplementary method of teaching basic subjects to veterinary students.
Glutamate as a neural factor for the ex vivo release of catecholamines from the rabbit hippocampus
Authors: KANIA BOGDAN FELIKS , WROŃSKA DANUTA , SZPRĘGIEL IZABELA , BRACHA URSZULA
Published: May 2022

The aim of the research was to confirm the hypothesis about the direct influence of different concentrations of glutamate (Glu; 5, 50 and 200 μM) on the release of catecholamines (CA’s) from hippocampal slices incubated for 90 min. The hippocampus is the central structure of the motivational system and, along with the hypothalamus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), is responsible for memory, learning, and the initiation and course of the reaction to stressoric factors. In our research, we focused on the direct effect of different Glu concentrations on CA release without the involvement of other neural cerebral structures and humoral responses. The effect of Glu added to the incubation fluid was found to be inconsistent. When added at the lowest concentration, Glu inhibited the release of CA from the incubated slices, and at higher concentrations tended to increase the release of CA. Notably, Glu significantly increased the release of epinephrine (E) from incubated slices of the hippocampus. These effects may suggest that physiological concentrations of Glu inhibit CA release from hippocampal neurons in vitro and therefore enhance its excitatory effects in vivo.
On the issue of the principle of the presumption of innocence in disciplinary proceedings
Authors: Davydenko S. V. , Slivnaya V. A.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of national practice of disciplinary proceedings against judges, prosecutors and lawyers, as well as the legal positions of higher courts on the fact of the presence or absence of the principle of presumption of innocence in this category of proceedings. Particular attention is paid to the study of international law and thematic case law of the European Court of Human Rights, which highlights the distinction between criminal and disciplinary proceedings on certain characteristics and features of the principle of proof of guilt in each of them. The article formulates a claim conclusion about the need to rethink the essence of disciplinary proceedings in national law and to extend the basic principles of justice (in particular, criminal) to its sphere.The practice of prosecuting lawyers for disciplinary misconduct can serve as an example of a diametrically opposed approach to understanding the nature of disciplinary proceedings. Іn this case such features of justice (criminal and disciplinary proceedings) as competition, equality of the parties before the law and the court, proving the guilt of a person “beyond a reasonable doubt”, objectivity, justice and others are clearly demonstrated. Therefore, establishing the absence of the principle of presumption of innocence against judges and prosecutors as representatives of public authorities can be regarded not only as a manifestation of their discrimination in relevant disciplinary proceedings, but also as a violation of fundamental principles and constitutional rights of the person in the process of bringing them to this type of justice.
Specific features of property rights succession encumbered by real estate mortgage
Authors: Kukhariev O. Ye.
Published: May 2022

The author of the article has defined specific features of property rights succession encumbered by real estate mortgage. It has been substantiated that inheritance relations significantly affect real estate mortgage obligation, which is, first of all, manifested in the narrowing of legal opportunities to apply the general procedure of vindication on real estate mortgage’s subject matter, and secondly, in additional grounds for terminating real estate mortgage not provided by the special law. It has been proved that real estate mortgage is terminated in case of the creditor’s non-observance of the application terms to the debtor’s lawful heirs under the main obligation established in the Art. 1281 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. Termination of bail relations in the field of inheritance law under the rules of Part 1 of the Art. 523 of the Civil Code of Ukraine is associated with a set of the following conditions: the death of the debtor under the main obligation secured by real estate mortgage; acceptance of the assets by the debtor’s lawful heir in the manner and terms specified by civil law; the property guarantor did not agree to ensure the fulfillment of the obligation by the new debtor – the lawful heir; the property guarantor is not the debtor’s lawful heir. It has been argued that the specified features do not indicate about narrowing the legal opportunities of the creditor and do not violate the balance of interests of the mortgage holder and the debtor’s lawful heirs. The law enshrines sufficient terms for the creditor to file claims against the debtor’s lawful heirs. Such terms are calculated not from the time of commencement of succession, such as the term for acceptance of an inheritance, but from the date when the lawful heir receives the certificate on inheritance right for all or part of the inherited property, regardless of the due date or from the date when the creditor becomes privy to the acceptance of an inheritance or about the receipt of the certificate on inheritance right by the heir. Besides, the creditor may directly seek to the lawful heirs who accepted the inheritance, and to the notary (official of the local self-government agency, consul). Moreover, if the heir who accepted the inheritance has no certificate on inheritance right, it does not deprive the ancestor’s creditor of the opportunity to apply to the lawful heir, who delays in obtaining the certificate, with claims to levy of execution on inherited property, which is the subject matter of real estate mortgage.
Vortex-Assisted Ionic Liquid-Based Liquid-Phase Microextraction: A Simple, Low-Cost, and Environmentally Friendly Method for Speciation of Antimony in Water
Authors: Santos Luana , Lemos Valfredo
Published: May 2022

A sensitive method is proposed to determine antimony species using vortex-assisted ionic liquid-based liquid-phase microextraction and digital imaging colorimetry. SbIII forms a ternary complex with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)phenol, ascorbic acid, and iodide in an acid medium. The acceptor phase consists of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, dispersed in the aqueous solution with a vortex stirrer. After centrifugation, SbIII was determined directly in the rich phase. SbV can also be measured by converting to reduced species. The method presented a limit of detection of 1.4 and 4.2 μg L−1 and an enrichment factor of 360. The precision (relative standard deviation) of the method is 7.0%. The procedure was applied to the speciation of antimony in river water and mineral water samples. Some results were compared with those obtained by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS). The method is an attractive alternative for determining antimony species, considering the aspects of green analytical chemistry.
Pengaruh Strategi Rotating Trio Exchange (RTE) terhadap Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Husna Lailatul , Tanjung Indayana Febriani , Hasibuan Eka Khairani
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi Rotating Trio Exchange (RTE) terhadap aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Desain penelitian yang digunakan berbentuk non-equivalent control group design. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan pretest-posttest dan lembar observasi. Dalam penelitian ini diketahui bahwa terdapat pengaruh strategi Rotating Trio Exchange (RTE) terhadap aktivitas yang dibuktikan dengan rata-rata nilai persentase aktivitas belajar siswa dalam kategori baik. Sedangkan dikelas kontrol rata-rata nilai persentase aktivitas belajar siswa dalam kategori cukup. Adapun hasil belajar yang diperoleh sebesar 55.95 (pretest) dan 90.00 (posttest) untuk kelas eksperimen dan rata-rata hasil belajar dikelas kontrol yaitu 53.33 (pretest) dan 84.76 (posttest). Untuk hasil uji-t diperoleh bahwa thitung 3.20 sedangkan ttabel 2.09. Hal ini berarti bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Maka dapat dibuktikan bahwa strategi Rotating Trio Exchange (RTE) berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa.
Study on ground vibration characteristics induced by liquid CO2 blasting technique in bench excavation
Authors: Ruan Renyou , Pan Zhenxue , Wang Xingzhou , Zhan Wangmei
Published: May 2022

The liquid CO2 phase change fracturing technique has been widely applied in rock engineering for a long time. However, the ground vibration characteristics in bench excavation have not been well demonstrated. In this study, the particle velocities, main frequencies, and displacements of rock induced by liquid CO2 blasting are investigated based on field tests and numerical simulations. Firstly, three field tests of bench excavation using DM83-1.4 type liquid CO2 storage tube were implemented in a specific highway slope project, in which the TC-4850 N vibration monitors were installed at horizontal distances of 4.2 m, 10.6 m, 20.3 m and 32.2 m from the detonation source to detect the rock vibration velocity and frequency. Subsequently, by employing the dynamic finite element program LS-DYNA, a three-dimensional numerical model was established, and then the particle velocities and displacements were analyzed and discussed. The research results indicate that the peak particle velocity (PPV) decays with distance in an exponential pattern, that is, the PPV decays rapidly in the near zone of the blasting source, and it decays more slowly in the far zone. At the position of 20.3 m in the horizontal distance and 15.8 m in elevation, an elevation amplification effect appears with an amplification factor of 1.12. Moreover, the vibration frequency generated by the liquid CO2 phase change fracturing technique is in the range of 0-80 Hz, which is much smaller than that induced by explosive blasting. The main frequency in the near-field of the blasting source is dominated by the radial frequency (Fr), while the vertical frequency (Fv) is dominant in the far-field. The attenuation law of displacement is generally consistent with the vibration velocity, and the difference between radial and tangential displacement increases gradually with distance.
On the dynamic behavior of an asymmetric self-regulated planetary-type vibration exciter
Authors: Korendiy Vitaliy , Kuzio Igor , Nikipchuk Serhij , Kotsiumbas Oleh , Dmyterko Petro
Published: May 2022

The problems of studying the dynamic behavior and improving the operational efficiency of various vibratory equipment are currently of significant interest. Special attention is paid to the possibilities of developing the enhanced designs of the planetary-type vibration exciters for the conveying, screening, and sieving machines. The novelty of the present research consists in providing the changeable inertial parameters of the improved planetary-type vibration exciter in order to adjust its operational conditions in accordance with the technological requirements. The mathematical model of the single-mass vibratory screening conveyor equipped with the proposed exciter is developed using the Lagrange-d’Alembert principle. The simulation of the system kinematic and dynamic characteristics under different operational conditions is carried out in the Mathematica software using the integrated Runge-Kutta methods.
Simulation analysis and verification of take-up judder caused by cumulative geometric deviation of clutch friction plates
Authors: Chen Jingchang , Yang Ximin , Zhao Tao , Li Peiran
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the take-up judder phenomenon caused by the accumulated geometric deviation of clutch plates is simulated and verified by experiments. Firstly, the vibration test and data analysis are carried out for the sample vehicle and related benchmark vehicles, and the vibration target is determined. Then, a simulation analysis and optimization model of the clutch engagement process in the vehicle take-up process was established, and the optimal control target was determined by multi-condition analysis of the accumulation geometric deviation factors of the clutch. Finally, several clutch deviation samples are verified, and total deviation of clutch control strategy is given. This paper provides a quantitative analysis method of the clutch cumulative geometric deviation in the take-up process, which provides a reference for the clutch parameter setting and the vibration control of the vehicle in the take-up process.
Towards a virtual water currency for industrial products using blockchain technology
Authors: Angara Jayasri S. V. , Saripalle Ravi S.
Published: May 2022

Tracking unseen water in products (Embedded Virtual Water) has generated great interest in the scientific community. This water transfers between geographies via suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and customers in multiple phases. However, the Virtual Water Trading System lacks proper accounting standards, established protocols and processes in the context of product manufacturing. Therefore, there is a need to establish a technology platform to handle the complex virtual water international trade. Such a platform should uphold transparency and create ‘water consciousness’ and awareness among companies and consumers. The concept of a virtual water currency and blockchain technology platform together can manage these processes. Blockchain helps in setting up secure, verifiable, scalable and traceable systems. Blockchain manages the audit and contract management processes with ease. Virtual water currency is critical to advocate sustainability. The objective of this paper is to establish the key linkages between virtual water and usage of blockchain. A systematic literature survey was conducted on 16 journal repositories (153 journal papers) of IWA Publishing to establish virtual water linkages and five journal databases (IEEE Xplore, Sciencedirect, ACM Digital Library, Springer Link and Wiley Online Library covering 5026 journal papers) for blockchain and water management linkages. This study proposes to introduce virtual water currency and set up an International Virtual Water Trading System using blockchain. The proposed platform seamlessly integrates the quality, cost and sustainability of industrial products and their sub-components.
EFFECT OF 21-DAY DRY IMMESRION ON EXPRESSION OF INBORN IMMUNITY GENES ASSOCIATED WITH THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS' SIGNALIING PATHWAYS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Vlasova D.D. , Sadova A.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Galina V.S. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Guermanov N.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Rykova M.P. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Antropova E.N. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kutko O.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shulguina S.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Orlova K.D. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shmarov V.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Lysenko E.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ponomarev S.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: May 2022

Expression of inborn immunity genes was studied in 10 essentially healthy male subjects aged 24 to 32 years in a 21-day dry immersion experiment without countermeasures. To evaluate the humoral immunity function, genes encoding Toll-like receptors, proteins mediating NF-kB, AP-1, Akt, TLR4; apoptosis proteins, and CLEC4E, HSPD1, PTGS2 were selected. Fenol-cloroform extraction was used to obtain total RNA from peripheral blood monocytes CD14+. Subsequently, total RNA was reverse transcribed to generate cDNA for real-time PCR. The results showed substantial changes in expression of these genes suggesting that changes in the TLRs function on the transcriptional level were at the very start of the immune response to 21-d DI.
MOLECULAR, NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE EFFECTS OF THE COMBINED EXPOSURE TO TAIL-SUSPENSION AND IONIZING RADIATION IN RATS
Authors:   State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation-Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Lebedeva-Georgievskaya K.B. , Perevezentsev A.A. ,   State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation-Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kuznetsova O.S. ,   State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation-Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kudrin V.S. ,   State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation-Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Pikalov V.A. ,   Institute of High Energy Physics A.A.Logunov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», Protvino, Mitrofanova O.V. ,   State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation-Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Masanova A.A. ,   State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation-Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shtemberg A.S. ,   State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation-Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: May 2022

Molecular mechanisms of the neurobiological effects of 10-d suspension combined with daily exposure to ᵞ-radiation and carbon ions were studied in rats. Analysis of the molecular changes in hippocamp dopamine receptors revealed changes in irradiated rats including, specifically, intensive expression of monoamine oxidase А, substrates for which are serotonin, adrenalin, noradrenaline and histamine. The EEG spectral and amplitude-frequency characteristics were analyzed. Comparison of primary EEG data regardless of rhythms brought to light a downward trend in the alpha frequencies. A similar trend was observed in the center frequencies and amplitudes of the most expressed peak, and the center frequency and amplitude of the delta highest peak. More anxious behavior and a somewhat quicker learning to fulfill the Morris tests and conditioned response of active avoidance in the shuttle chamber were in harmony with changes in metabolites of hippocamp dopamine and serotonin.
MANAGERIAL PROFESSIONALLY IMPORTANT QUALITIES OF THE INTERPLANETARY CREW COMMANDER: STRUCTURE, ASSESSMENT, DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ryumin O.O. , Voitenko А.М. ,   Kirov Military Medical Academy, St.-Petersburg
Published: May 2022

The paper speculates on selecting candidates for interplanetary crew commanders with the emphasis on must-have managerial qualities (MMQs) key for successful crew activities and control. The authors introduce the MMQs structure and approach to the MMQs assessment by the example of an AF command flight. Psychological training is essential for MMQs development and high dependability of interplanetary crew commanders. The training program comprises familiarization with theoretical grounds, practicing various scenarios of team work and commander's role of a manager, and concentration on skills required for accomplishment of a specific mission.
HYPOBARIC CHAMBER«ASCENTS»ASA METHOD OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TRAINING FOR RISKY OCCUPATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO HIGH-LEVEL HYPOXIA
Authors:   Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Filatov V.N. , Shishov А.А. ,   Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Dvornikov M.V. ,   Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Shishkin A.N. ,   Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Ryzhov D.I. ,   Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Nikiforov D.A. ,   Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Published: May 2022

The paper summarizes the experience in hyperbaric psychophysiological training of a group of 29 paratroopers for descending from 10 000 m in the Far North. Paratroopers with normal endurance of moderate and mean hypoxia were "ascended" to 5,000-6,000 and 10,000 meters. "Ascent" to 10,000 m with the use of oxygen and protective equipment was performed with good tolerance.
THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF THE HUMAN DECOMPRESSION TOLERANCE INSIDE A PRESSERIZED HERMETIC CABIN
Authors:   Research and Test Center (Aerospace Medicine and Military Ergonomics) of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Matyushev T.V. , Dvornikov M.V. ,   Research and Test Center (Aerospace Medicine and Military Ergonomics) of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Ryzhenkov S.P. ,   Research and Test Center (Aerospace Medicine and Military Ergonomics) of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Maximova I.D. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Rybina A.S. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Malyshev A.D. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Noskov R.G. ,   Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Moscow
Published: May 2022

The paper presents an approach to evaluating decompression tolerance with the use of a model of gas dynamics in a partitioned aircraft cabin after loss of pressure. The model takes in decompression effects on a pilot as a function of flight parameters, cabin interior structures and mode of the pressurization system operation. Mathematical simulation of decompression due to loss of cabin pressure made it possible to define time of decompression, pressure differential between compartments, amount of oxygen to be supplied, and safe altitude. The model can be instrumental to aircraft cabin designers in making a rational choice of pressurization and gas dynamics characteristics, as well as performance abilities in the event of loss of cabin pressure or evaluate risk level in specific cases to consider safety provisions.
Cultura entre la muchedumbre y el rincón solitario
Authors: Brescia Michael M.
Published: May 2022

Reseña del libro Patrimonio efímero: Memorias, cultura popular y vida cotidiana, coordinado por Jennifer L. Jenkins y Adriana Corral Bustos y publicado por la Editorial de El Colegio de San Luis, A.C.
MEG8: An Indispensable Long Non-coding RNA in Multiple Cancers
Authors: Du Zhuoying , Tan Fangshun , Chen Jinlan , Wang Bei , Liu Yuling , Zhao Fangnan , Wu Yinxin , Yuan Chengfu
Published: May 2022

Background:

As a member of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), maternally expressed gene 8
(MEG8) has been found involving in the progression of a variety of cancers and playing a regulatory role.
Therefore, MEG8 may turn into a new therapeutic target for cancer in the future. The purpose of this review is
to illustrate the molecular mechanism and physiological function of MEG8 in various cancers.

Methods:

We retrieved and analyzed related articles about MEG8, lncRNAs, and cancers, and then summarize
the pathophysiological mechanisms of MEG8 in cancer development.

Results:

LncRNA MEG8 participates in various cancers progression, thus influencing the proliferation, migration,
and invasion of cancers. However, the expression of MEG8 is abnormally upregulated in non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer (PC), liver cancer (HCC), pituitary adenoma (PA) and hemangioma
(HA), and inhibited in colorectal cancer (CRC), ovarian cancer (OC) and giant cell tumor (GCT), suggesting its
clinical value in cancer therapy.

Conclusions:

LncRNA MEG8 is expected to be a new therapeutic target or biomarker for a wide range of cancers
in the future.
RNA Seq and ceRNA Network Analysis of the Rat Model of Chronic
Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wang Xiangting , Xu Hepeng , He Zhen , Zhang Mengjuan , Zhou Wenping , Xu Chang , He Ming
Published: May 2022

Background:

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) containing microRNA (miRNA) response
elements (MREs) can be used as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate gene
expression. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression profile and role
of mRNAs and lncRNAs in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model rats and to explore any associated
competing endogenous (ceRNA) network.

Methods:

Using the UUO model, the obstructed kidney was collected on the 15th day after surgery.
RNA Seq analysis was performed on renal tissues of four UUO rats and four sham rats. Four
mRNAs and four lncRNAs of differentially expressed genes were randomly selected for real-time
quantitative PCR (RT qPCR) analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and
Genomes (KEGG) pathways were analyzed, and bioinformatics was used to predict MREs. By
screening for ceRNAs combined with target gene prediction, a related ceRNA network was constructed
and verified by RT-qPCR.

Results:

We identified 649 up-regulated lncRNAs, 518 down-regulated lncRNAs, 924 downregulated
mRNAs and 2029 up-regulated mRNAs. We identified 30 pathways with the highest enrichment
in GO and KEGG. According to the RNA Seq results and the expression of Nr4a1, the
network was constructed based on Nr4a1 and included two MREs and ten lncRNAs. Furthermore,
lncNONRATT011668.2/miR-361-3p/Nr4a1 was identified and verified according to ceRNA sequencing
and target gene prediction.

Conclusions:

mRNAs and lncRNAs are differentially expressed in UUO model rats, which may be
related to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. The lncNONRATT011668.2/miR-361-
3p/Nr4a1 ceRNA network may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease.
WITHDRAWN: Electrospinning of Nanofibers Incorporated with Essential
Oils: Applications in Food
Authors: Noori Seyyed Mohammad Ali , Marashi Sayed Mahdi Hossaeini , Noori Seyed Mohammad Reza , Hashemi Mohammad , Raeisi Mojtaba
Published: May 2022

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the author of the journal Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.

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The Synthesis of Urolithins and their Derivatives and the Modes of Antitumor
Action
Authors: Yao Lei , Xu Xiangrong , Liu Zhuanhong
Published: May 2022

Urolithins are microbial metabolites derived from berries and pomegranate fruits,
which display anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-aging activities. There are eight natural
urolithins (urolithin A-E, M5, M6 and M7), which have been isolated by now. Structurally, urolithins
are phenolic compounds and belong to 6H-dibenzo [b,d] pyran-6-one. They have drawn
considerable attention because of their vast range of biological activities and health benefits. Recent
studies also suggest that they possess anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticancer effects. In this article,
the recent advances in the synthesis of urolithins and their derivatives from 2015 to 2021 are reviewed.
To improve or overcome the solubility and metabolism stability issues, the modifications
of urolithins are mainly centered on the hydroxy group and lactone group, and some compounds
have been found to display promising results and the potential for further study. The possible
modes of antitumor action of urolithin are also discussed. Several signaling pathways, including
PI3K-Akt, Wnt/β-catenin pathways, and multiple receptors (aryl hydrocarbon receptor, estrogen
and androgen receptors) and enzymes (tyrosinase and lactate dehydrogenase) are involved in the
antitumor activity of urolithins.
Bio-Membrane SELEX as a New Approach for Selecting ss-DNA
Aptamers that Bind to the Hydatid Cyst Laminated Layer
Authors: Dehkordi Azar Balouti , Khanahmad Hossein , Azizi Yadollah , Mirian Mina , Pestehchian Nader , Darani Hossein Yousofi
Published: May 2022

Background:

Hydatid cyst (HC) is the larval stage of the canine intestinal
tapeworm (cestode), Echinococcus granulosus. In addition to the high global economic
cost of livestock farming, the infection can lead to dangerous problems for human
health. Therefore, research into new diagnosis and treatment approaches is valuable.
This study is set out to explore aptamers that bind to HC antigens.

Methods:

The similarity between HC genotype in sheep and humans was that sheep
HCs were collected and used as a biological membrane for aptamer selection. Four Bio-
Membrane SELEX rounds were conducted, and ssDNA aptamers were selected.
Selected aptamers' affinity and specificity to the laminated layer antigens were evaluated
using membrane staining by fluorescein primer as a probe. Biotinylated primer was used
as a probe for aptahistochemistry and dot blot techniques. Subsequently, cloning and
plasmid extraction was conducted. The affinity and specificity of sequenced aptamers
were examined with the dot blot method.

Results:

Selected aptamers reacted with HC wall in aptahistochemistry,
aptahistofluorescent, and dot blot experiments. Following cloning and sequencing, 20
sequences were achieved. A strong reaction between HC total antigens and sequenced
aptamers has emerged in the dot blot method.

Conclusion:

We propose a novel method to determine specific aptamers in this
investigation. Bio-Membrane SELEX could be assumed as a practical and sensitive
method for aptamer selection. Selected aptamers in this study possibly may be used for
specific HC antigens detection.
An In vivo Investigation of Ascorbic Acid Tethered Polymeric Nanoparticles
for Effectual Brain Transport of Rivastigmine
Authors: Gajbhiye Kavita R. , Soni Vandana
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

The goal of this study was to see if ascorbic acid grafted polylactic glycolic acid-b-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles (PLGA-b-PEG NPs) might boost the carrying or transport capacity of rivastigmine (RSM) to the brain via choroid plexus Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2 transporters). The IR and 1H NMR, were used to characterise the PLGA-b-PEG copolymer.

Methods:

Nanoprecipitation method was used to make PLGA-b-PEG NPs. To promote SVCT2-mediated transportation of ascorbic acid (Asc) into the brain, PLGA-b-PEG NPs of acceptable size, polydispersity, and drug loading were bound with ascorbic acid (PLGA-b-PEG-Asc). When compared to PLGA-b-mPEG NPs, the surface functionalization of NPs with ascorbic acid dramatically improved cellular uptake of NPs in SVCT2 expressing NIH/3T3 cells. Radial Arm Maze Test, and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in scopolamine-induced amnetic rats were used to assess in vivo pharmacodynamic effectiveness.

Result:

In vivo pharmacodynamic tests revealed that drug loaded PLGA-b-PEG-Asc NPs had much greater therapeutic and sustained activity than free drugs, and PLGA-b-mPEG NPs to the brain.

Conclusion:

As a consequence, the findings revealed that using ascorbic acid grafted PLGA-b-PEG NPs to deliver bioactives to the brain is a potential strategy.
Irregular Baseline Brain Activity in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with
Cognitive Impairment: A Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging Study
Authors: Zhang Jingchen , Yan Jueyue , Niu Jianhua , Xu Zhipeng , Fang Xing , You Jingyu , Li Tong
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Cognitive impairment has been suggested to be associated with coronary artery
disease [CAD]; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Our current study
aimed to explore the brain activity in CAD patients compared to healthy controls [HCs].

Methods:

Twenty-two CAD patients and 23 HCs were enrolled in our study. A low-frequency oscillation
at the voxel level in all participants based on the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations
[ALFF] was measured using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. All participants
underwent neuropsychological examinations [Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE and Montreal
Cognitive Assessment, MoCA] and visual acuity examination.

Results:

CAD patients showed significantly lower ALFF values [P < 0.05] in the right precuneus
gyrus [Precuneus_R], left supramarginal gyrus [Supramarginal_L], left angular gyrus [Angular_L],
and left middle cingulum gyrus [Cingulum_Mid_L] than healthy controls. Lower MoCA scores in
CAD patients significantly correlated with lower Supramarginal_L [P = 0.001] and Cingulate_
Mid_L [P = 0.004] ALFF values. Reduced visual acuity significantly correlated with lower
Precuneus_R [P = 0.019] and Cingulate_Mid_L [P = 0.011] ALFF values in CAD patients.

Conclusion:

These findings may provide further insight into the underlying neuropathophysiology
of CAD with cognitive impairment.
Value of IMA, IMAR, the IMA Index, and Other Hematological Features
in Predicting AIS Caused by MCA Stenosis/Occlusion
Authors: Ren Biqiong , Li Sijin , Chen Xing , Yang Huan , Li Huiyang
Published: May 2022

Objective:

In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum ischemic modified
albumin (IMA) levels and other hematologic features and middle cerebral artery (MCA) severe
stenosis/occlusion in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Method:

The levels of serum IMA and Albumin (ALB) of 169 AIS patients were measured, and
the ratio of IMA to albumin (IMAR) and the albumin-adjusted ischemia-modified albumin index
(IMA index) were calculated. Different combinations of other hematologic changes and clinical
features of the patients were analyzed.

Results:

The results indicated that the levels of blood IMA and IMAR were significantly higher in
the group with severe intracranial stenosis/occlusion than in the group with non-severe stenosis/
occlusion in AIS patients, while the CHE levels were significantly lower than those in the other
groups. In the MCA severe stenosis/occlusion group, the levels of blood IMA and IMAR were significantly
higher than that in the other vascular severe stenosis/occlusion groups, while the IMA
index, ALB, and CHE were significantly lower than that in the other groups. Multiple linear regression
analysis showed a significant negative correlation between IMA and albumin. A combined
diagnostic ROC curve analysis showed that among AIS patients, the best combination for determining
severe stenosis/occlusion of the great intracranial arteries was the admission NIHSS score +
CHE (AUC = 0.783). The best combination for determining severe stenosis or occlusion of the
MCA in AIS patients was IMAR combined with the admission NIHSS score and CHE (AUC =
0.827).

Conclusion:

The combined use of IMA, IMAR, and the IMA index has some diagnostic value in
AIS caused by severe stenosis or occlusion of the MCA. IMAR, CHE, and the admission NIHSS
scores are the best combinations to determine whether an AIS patient has severe stenosis or occlusion
of the MCA.
Upgrading CO2 by Incorporating into Quinazolinones: A Review
Authors: Wahan Simranpreet K. , Sharma Sangeeta , Chawla Pooja A.
Published: May 2022

Efficient translation of CO2 into value-added compounds is a fascinating topic in green chemistry. The effective conversion of CO2 into useful chemicals and materials helps civilization flourish in the long run. Carbon dioxide has shown its tremendous applications by replacement of dangerous chemicals like phosgene, isocyanates, or carbon monoxide, resulting in more environment friendly operations. This article is an overview, in which we sought to highlight current advances in the synthesis of quinazolinone, a favoured scaffold in the pharmaceutical industry for its therapeutic value in the treatment of variety of pathologies. The complementarity of succinct methods aids the ability to generate libraries of functionalized quinazolinone derivatives.
Patient and Healthcare Professional Satisfaction with the OneTouch Verio
Reflect® Blood Glucose Monitoring System in the UAE
Authors: Grady Mike , Shearer David , Ajaz Yasmeen , Khan Asif Majid , Jallo Mahir Khalil Ibrahim , Najjar Majdi Al , Hosny Mohamed Adel , Holt Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Aims:

The goal of this study was to collect the opinions of patients and HCPs who used
OneTouch Verio Reflect® in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Background:

Blood glucose monitoring devices are essential tools that aid healthcare professionals
(HCPs) in improving outcomes in people with diabetes.

Objectives:

To assess the satisfaction of patients and HCPs with the new functionalities of the
OneTouch Verio Reflect® Blood Glucose Meter (BGM).

Method:

We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study that recruited eight HCPs and 100
patients with diabetes who had used OneTouch Verio Reflect® with OneTouch Verio® test strips
for four weeks in four hospitals in the UAE.

Result:

Around 98% of patients and HCPs declared their satisfaction with the new features in the
OneTouch Verio Reflect® BGM. Participants’ responses were not associated with the duration of
diabetes (p-values >0.05) except for the Results Log feature (p-value=0.016). Patients rated Blood
Sugar Mentor® messages, which include mentor tips, pattern messages, and awards, as the most
important features, while HCPs rated ColorSure® Dynamic Range Indicator as the most helpful
feature. Patients and HCPs stated that the “pattern found (high glucose),” which was the most frequently
seen message, was the most useful message. All HCPs strongly agreed that the ColorSure®
Dynamic Range Indicator helped them understand results and 98% of patients agreed that automated
meter messages helped them to be more confident in following HCP recommendations.

Conclusion:

Patients and HCPs indicated high levels of satisfaction with the features within the
OneTouch Verio Reflect® meter.