bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Educational Programs in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma in Schoolchildren of the Chechen Republic
Authors: Ibisheva Aset Kh. , Shakhgireeva Madina R. , Shamsadova Saihat A. , Uspanova Linda S. , Khildikharoeva Asya B. , Dzhabrailova Linda V.-M. , Efendieva Kamilla E.
Published: November 2024

Background. The main component of the treatment of bronchial asthma is to achieve complete control over the disease. The aim of the study is to examine the role of educational programs in the treatment of bronchial asthma in schoolchildren of the Chechen Republic.

Methods. The educational programs included group and individual classes, which were conducted at the allergy school of the specialized Department of Allergology and Immunology of the E.P. Glinka Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital by an allergologist-immunologist. Educational meetings were held once a week for 2 months, their duration was 1–1.5 hours. Initially and every 3 months for one-year, bronchial asthma control was assessed based on the results of the Asthma Control Test (ACT), the number of emergency room visits, hospitalizations, attacks of shortness of breath stopped at home, missed days at school, the use of systemic glucocorticoids, indicators of pulmonary function test (PFT), the level of nitric oxide in exhaled air. The subjects were divided into two groups: group A —trained, group B — did not participate in educational programs. The subjects were represented by two age subgroups: group IA — 7–8 years old (n = 24), group IIA — 13–14 years old (n = 13). The control group consisted of 37 children who did not undergo allergy school training, who were observed on an outpatient basis by an allergist-immunologist: group IB — 7–8 years old (n = 23), group IIB — 13–14 years old (n = 14).

Results. 3 months after the educational activities, the lack of control over bronchial asthma, according to the results of the ACT, was noted only in 10.8% (4) of patients, whereas in the comparison group — in 59.5% (22). The PFT study recorded an increase in the volume of forced exhalation in 1 second in children who attended allergy school (p < 0.05). A comparative analysis of the frequency of emergency room visits and hospitalizations revealed a decrease in the studied indicators in groups IA and IIA (p < 0.05). The number of missed days at school due to bronchial asthma was significantly lower in children after educational activities — 16.1% (6) and amounted to less than 14 days. Attacks of shortness of breath for 12 months occurred only in 18.9% (7) of patients and were stopped independently, their frequency ranged from 1 to 3, and the use of systemic glucocorticoids in arresting an attack was not recorded among children who attended allergy school.

Conclusion. Thus, our study confirmed the high importance of educational programs in the treatment of bronchial asthma, which are an additional tool for achieving disease control and allow timely prevention of disease progression.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND OTHER NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES: PILOT PROJECT
Authors: Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Ustinova Natalia V. , Kaytukova Elena V. , Karkashadze Georgii A. , Gorbunova Edeta A.
Published: November 2024

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Neuroglobin-enriched secretome provides neuroprotection against hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial toxin-induced cellular stress
Authors: Bastari Giovanna , Solar Fernandez Virginia , Muzzi Maurizio , Moreno Sandra , Marino Maria , Fiocchetti Marco
Published: November 2024

Aberrant response to physiological cell stress is part of the mechanisms underlying the development of diverse human diseases, including neuropathologies. Neuroglobin (NGB), an intracellular monomeric globin, has gained attention for its role in endogenous stress response pathways in neuroprotection. To date, evidence supports the concept of NGB as an inducible protein, triggered by physiological and pathological stimuli via transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional mechanisms, offering cell-autonomous neuroprotective functions under various cellular stresses. Notably, recent evidence suggests the extracellular occurrence of NGB. We aimed to explore whether NGB redistribution in the cell microenvironment may serve in transmitting resilience capability in a model with neuronal characteristics. Results obtained in SH-SY5Y demonstrated that intracellular NGB upregulation is associated with the promotion of the extracellular release of the globin. Additionally, cell secretome from NGB-overexpressing cells, characterized by globin accumulation, exhibits protective effects against oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity, as evidenced by reduced apoptosis and preserved mitochondrial structure. These findings shed light on the potential significance of extracellular NGB as part of a common cell response to physiological and stress conditions and as a factor promoting cell resilience. Furthermore, the potential for neuroprotection of extracellular NGB paves the way for future therapeutic opportunities.
Luxury or necessity? The dynamics of urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Mamman Suleiman O.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Urbanization is a crucial transformative process that plays a key role in achieving sustainable economic development in the global economy. An urbanized economy can serve as a vital structural mechanism to foster inclusive economic growth by generating employment, reducing income inequalities, and alleviating poverty. However, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is characterized by a unique and slow urbanization process that sets it apart from other regions, despite steady economic growth in recent decades. Research Objective. This study aims to empirically assess the patterns and determinants of urbanization in SSA, focusing on the question of whether it is driven primarily by mere economic survival or by improvements in quality of life. Data and Methods. Based on Lee’s rural push-urban pull migration theory, the Common Correlated Effects Mean Group estimator was used to analyze data from 44 SSA countries between 1996 and 2022. Results. Access to basic amenities has a positive and significant impact on urbanization in Africa, although the effect was more modest for improved amenities. Additionally, the agricultural sector was found to hinder urbanization, while the manufacturing and services sectors promote it through structural transformation. Conclusion. The paper concludes that urbanization in SSA is driven by both the need for economic survival and the desire to improve quality of life. To enhance the region's global competitiveness, it is crucial to invest in and develop critical infrastructure that supports the urbanization process.
Digital education index in cities of Africa
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Akberdina Victoria V. , Vlasov Maxim V. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Africa presents a unique case: despite having the lowest urbanization levels in the world, it demonstrates the highest rates of urban population growth. Universities in large African cities play a key role in developing human capital by providing educational opportunities and training in digital skills necessary for participation in the digital economy. Objective. This article aims to assess the relationship between digital higher education, a key component of human capital, and economic development in African countries. It also explores the Digital Education Index and the factors influencing it in African cities and countries. We hypothesize that the composite Digital Education Index will reveal connections between economic development, urbanization, digital infrastructure, and digital education. Data and Methods. The study uses data from African cities and countries for 2019–2022, sourced from Trading Economics, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Free Apply, UNESCO, and the World Intellectual Property Organization. The methodology is based on an index approach, using measures of central tendency. The Digital Education Index is calculated through three sub-indices: technical accessibility of digital technologies, financial-economic accessibility of digital education, and population digital skills. Results. Digital education contributes to human capital development in Africa while reducing inequality and social vulnerability. However, progress in improving the Digital Education Index has been limited, as African universities face challenges such as restricted technology access and low living standards, which limit access to paid education. Conclusion. The study provides policy recommendations highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach to addressing the challenges of digital education development in Africa.
Does Rural Youths’ Use of Online Information Resources to Learn About Education and Work Enhance Options or Increase Social Inequalities?
Authors: Pallin Anna
Published: November 2024

Using online information resources can increase both the quantity and scope of information available to rural youth regarding possible courses of action after completing schooling, beyond those available in their social spaces and physical places. Assisting their use of online information resources may be crucial for career guidance counsellors in times when information on education, occupations and the labour market are easiest accessed, and sometimes only possible to reach, through the internet. This paper focuses on the extent that young people living in rural areas use online information resources for career learning and specifically explores factors associated with a higher frequency of using such resources. Empirically, it is based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in spring 2021 of practices of Swedish upper secondary school students living in a rural community in their final year (n=267). Possible explanations for identified relations and their implications for career guidance practice are discussed.
Toxicity Evaluation of Statin Group Drugs Using in Silico Methods
Authors: Berber Ahmet Ali , Öztürk Sinem , Ömeroğlu Murat
Published: November 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality in modern society, with factors such as sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and obesity contributing to their increasing prevalence. The widespread use of Statins for lipid-lowering therapy in both primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention is anticipated to rise in response to this trend. Given the rapid escalation in the prevalence of Statin usage, it is imperative to understand their toxicological effects on public health. While previous studies have explored various pharmacological effects of statins, comprehensive investigations into their genotoxic and Mutagenic potential are lacking. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive In silico evaluation of Statins using four different toxicological assessment programs, focusing on various genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, and Micronucleus formation endpoints. By comparing program outputs with experimental data, we assessed the reliability of In silico Toxicity predictions and discussed the consistency among different platforms. Our findings suggest discrepancies among the predictions of different programs, highlighting the importance of integrating multiple sources of data and methodologies in Toxicity evaluations. Despite inconsistencies, integrating in silico predictions with future in vitro and in vivo studies can contribute to a better understanding of the toxicological properties of statins and ensure their safe usage. This study underscores the necessity of careful evaluation and utilization of multiple data sources in decision-making regarding the toxicological profile of statins. Ultimately, leveraging in silico methods to guide future comprehensive toxicological studies will enhance our understanding of Statins' safety profiles and contribute to public health research.
La Red Estrado del Ecuador. Tejiendo espacios de reflexión sobre la profesión y el trabajo docente
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador, Villagómez-Rodríguez María Sol
Published: November 2024

El texto pone en relevancia de manera cronológica la organización de los seminarios bianuales que se han constituido en el eje generador del trabajo de la Red, así como la producción científica y las publicaciones que ponen al servicio de la comunidad académica y de los hacedores de política educativa los resultados de investigación, reflexiones y artículos científicos, teniendo como foco la educación y la profesión docente.
La problemática del trabajo docente en tiempos de pandemia. Respuestas de los gobiernos, dificultades, aprendizajes y perspectivas
Authors:   Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais., Andrade Oliveira Dalila
Published: November 2024

La Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas de 2016 refleja el rumbo de la búsqueda de una mayor equidad cuando propone a los líderes mundiales diecisiete objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para que colectivamente la humanidad pueda disociar el crecimiento económico de la pobreza, la desigualdad y el cambio climático. La Agenda busca garantizar una educación inclusiva, equitativa y de calidad, y promover oportunidades de aprendizaje permanente para todos.
Desafios da conexão da frequência escolar e o direito das aprendizagens dos estudantes dos anos finais do ensino fundamental na Rede Municipa de Educação de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Flores Pinto Daniel Roca , Loureiro de Freitas Dalben Ângela , Alves de Mello Tereza
Published: November 2024

Em 2020, a Secretaria Municipal de Educação empreendeu uma robusta ação de formação docente e de mapeamento das condições sociais e de inclusão digital dos estudantes e professores. Esse processo subsidiou a elaboração de uma proposta pedagógica emergencial. Em 2021, essa foi a referência para o retorno gradual do atendimento presencial por adesão das famílias.
Estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje empleadas por docents en una institución educativa privada de la ciudad de Quito
Authors: Yánez-Farinango Verenice Adriana , Ortiz-Espinoza María Elena
Published: November 2024

El propósito del trabajo es analizar las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje empleadas por docentes para lograr aprendizajes significativos en la educación en línea durante el tiempo de pandemia. Se resalta la importancia que tuvo la utilización de estrategias que permitieron organizar los conocimientos y proporcionar a los estudiantes aprendizajes significativos. En la investigación se utilizó un enfoque mixto, combinando datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Para recopilar la información se usaron fichas de observación y encuestas para docentes y estudiantes.
Construcción del sentido colaborativo de la asesoría al trabajo docente
Authors: Gerardo Morales Edgardo
Published: November 2024

Esta ponencia presenta las reflexiones derivadas de una investigación acerca de la asesoría a las prácticas docentes en una escuela mexicana. La intención era realizar un asesoramiento individual colaborativo a una profesora de primaria para transformar sus prácticas docentes en el tema de la alfabetización inicial.
Proyecto preventivo de Salud Mental con estudiantes (2019 - 2022) en el Distrito de Educación Ambato 18D02
Authors: Bastidas Oscar , Rojas Carlos , Aguilar Aida
Published: November 2024

La Fundación Alli Causai desarrolla un programa de Atención Primaria de Salud en las escuelas localizadas en los barrios periféricos del cono sur oriental de la ciudad de Ambato. Es una intervención integral de salud con enfoque preventivo que beneficia a niños, niñas y adolescentes escolarizados, convirtiendo a la escuela en un espacio de prevención y promoción.
La poética de Libia Posada como un discurso visual que se contrapone a las narrativas hegemónicas de la identidad
Authors: Molina Saldarriaga Monica Lucia
Published: November 2024

El presente artículo propone un análisis semiótico de los elementos que conforman el discurso visual de Libia Posada, a partir de la teoría de la semiósfera de Yuri Lotman. Se aborda la producción artística de Posada como una construcción de identidades sociales y políticas que desafían las narrativas hegemónicas. Con dicho enfoque, se revela cómo las obras de Posada operan como discursos visuales que visibilizan y problematizan diversas identidades.
Reflexiones sobre el trasplante de la mente y la voz autobiográfica de los cíborgs
Authors: Afanador López Tatiana
Published: November 2024

Con este artículo me propongo desenmascarar la metáfora del trasplante de la mente porque cada vez se hace menos evidente la neutralidad corporal en la que está fundada. En el primer apartado expongo la concepción de Moravec y de Kurzweil sobre el trasplante de la mente con el fin de mostrar que un mismo tipo de mente no puede existir en cuerpos con propiedades diferentes. Al contrario, al trasplantar la mente a un cuerpo artificial se abre la posibilidad de la descentralización de la identidad, pues se consigue mezclar diferentes identidades que provienen de un mismo cerebro. Para esto, me baso en la androide Bina48. En el segundo apartado, exploro la descentralización de la identidad a partir de la voz autobiográfica de los órganos artificiales del híbrido cibernético, basada en los argumentos expuestos en Natural-Born Cyborgs de Andy Clark. Así, en ese apartado explico en qué consiste el sentido narrativo de sí mismo.
El impacto de la cuarta dimensión lírica en la poesía satírica de Ambrose Bierce: un análisis del recurso expresivo fonológico en dos de sus poemas
Authors: García Carreño Ariadna
Published: November 2024

El presente trabajo pretende demostrar que el componente fonológico de la poesía de Ambrose Bierce constituye un recurso expresivo mediante el cual el escritor satírico transmite de una manera más eficaz la crítica social que vertebra sus composiciones. El tratamiento particular de dicho componente, junto con un tono satírico e irónico, se combina en el objeto poético para señalar de una manera más incisiva la denuncia que hace Bierce de distintos miembros de la sociedad estadounidense de fin de siècle. En concreto, este análisis se centra en “Arma Virumque” y “King of Bores”, poemas pertenecientes a su colección Shapes of Clay, en los que el poeta ridiculiza la institución militar de ee. uu. y la figura del “pelma”, respectivamente. Este estudio sigue las ideas postuladas por Abrams (2012) sobre la “cuarta dimensión” del poema o, en otras palabras, los significados que los rasgos fonológicos de una composición lírica dejan entrever a partir de su recitación. Los resultados de este trabajo indican que este recurso le permite al lector experimentar en su propio cuerpo, mediante su aparato fonador, la cáustica crítica social que Bierce plasma en sus poemas.
El tiple entre romances, crónicas e ilustraciones. Colombia y Cuba, siglo XIX
Authors: Urrego Arias Hugo Alonso , Tobón Restrepo Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Los antiguos instrumentos renacentistas ibéricos (guitarras, vihuelas y laúdes) fueron transformados y construyeron un camino propio en el Nuevo Continente. A través de pinturas y textos poéticos del siglo xix, se rastrean presencias y trasegares de instrumentos de cuerda pulsada en América Latina, en particular del tiple, en los territorios que hoy constituyen las repúblicas de Colombia y Cuba. El análisis de ilustraciones, crónicas y romances permite determinar una historia de intersecciones en las que la música cumple un papel significativo. De estas intersecciones se vale este artículo para plantear una hipótesis respecto a la ruta que tomaría el tiple durante el siglo xix en Colombia y Cuba.
Planning and management of pregnancy in patients with valvular heart disease
Authors: Baroni Monica , Marchi Federica , Ait-Alì Lamia , Benedetti Giovanni , Franchi Eliana , Marrone Chiara , Marrai Roberto , Santucci Antonio , Festa Pierluigi
Published: November 2024

Da tempo, anche nei Paesi con un moderno ed efficiente sistema sanitario, si assiste purtroppo ad un costante aumento della morbilità e mortalità materna, prevalentemente legata a patologie cardiovascolari preesistenti o acquisite durante la gravidanza. Nell’ambito di quest’ultime, le malattie valvolari (CVD) sono molto rappresentate e possono condizionare significativamente l’outcome della gravidanza. Data la complessità insita nel gestire donne cardiopatiche che vogliano affrontare una gravidanza, nel tempo si è consolidata una modalità di gestione multidisciplinare dove specialisti che hanno acquisito particolare “know-how” nell’ambito della cosiddetta “cardio-ostetricia” che possono adeguatamente seguire le donne con CVD che intendano intraprendere, o che abbiano già intrapreso, una gravidanza. Questo team di esperti rappresenta il nucleo centrale del cosiddetto Pregnancy Heart Team (PHT), ovvero un gruppo multidisciplinare che aiuta nella effettiva stratificazione del rischio, fornendo consulenza sui rischi materni e fetali della gravidanza, aiutando a raggiungere un’ottimizzazione delle condizioni cliniche pre, durante e post gravidanza e che segue la donna in tutto il suo percorso, dal counseling pre-concepimento fino al parto e al primo follow up. Vista la specificità e la complessità gestionale di queste pazienti, è plausibile che la loro presa in carico non possa essere garantita in ogni tipo di organizzazione sanitaria, ma che quindi debba essere prevista una logica di rete “hub&spoke” dove i Centri invianti sono le Cardiologie e le Unità di Ginecologia e Ostetricia periferiche e il Centro Hub è rappresentato dalla sede dove sono presenti adeguate risorse tecnologiche e professionali multidisciplinari (PHT). Questa modalità di gestione di casi così particolari e complessi prevede un costante dialogo bidirezionale tra Centro inviante e ricevente, a garanzia di una adeguata presa in carico della gravidanza e di una cura sicura e di qualità.
CRISPRi Screening for Functional Characterization of Blood Pressure (BP) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)-Associated Genes in Endothelial Cells v1
Authors: Lecluze Estelle , Lo Chao-Sheng
Published: November 2024

This protocol describes the development and implementation of pooled CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screens to investigate the functional roles of genes associated with blood pressure (BP) regulation and coronary artery disease (CAD) in human endothelial cells (TeloHAEC). A comprehensive library of 6,553 guide RNAs (gRNAs) was designed to target 1,281 variants, enabling precise identification and high-throughput analysis. This protocol provides a robust framework for exploring genetic loci critical to endothelial biology and cardiovascular health.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation protocol for rice seedlings v1
Authors: Fernandes Telma , A. Abreu Isabel
Published: November 2024

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a powerful technique for identifying transcription factor (TF) binding sites across the genome. By combining the immunoprecipitation of DNA-bound TFs with high-throughput sequencing, it enables precise mapping of target regions. However, applying ChIP in plants remains challenging due to the low abundance of many TFs, which often results in weak signals and the requirement of large amounts of starting material. Obtaining sufficient tissue is particularly difficult for specific developmental stages or cell types. Additionally, the rigid cell wall and compact chromatin structure in plants complicate chromatin extraction and immunoprecipitation efficiency. Arabidopsis protocols are more optimized and better documented, thanks to its status as a model organism. In contrast, crop species such as rice lack robust protocols. Protoplast-based ChIP methods have been developed to mitigate these challenges, but they compromise thein vivocontext of chromatin interactions. To address these limitations, we present an optimized ChIP protocol for rice seedlings, providing a reliable approach for studying TF binding sites in this key crop species. Keywords: ChIP-Seq, rice, transcription factor binding sites (TFBS)
The Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients v1
Authors: Liu Yangtao , Mu Jun , LI Jiayi , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2024

Background:Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a prevalent complication following a stroke, occurring at various stages with incidence rates around 33%. PSD significantly impacts patient outcomes, increasing the risk of cognitive impairment, disability, and mortality. While pharmacological treatments exist, they often have undesirable side effects, highlighting the need for safer alternatives. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promise as a non-invasive treatment for alleviating depressive symptoms in stroke patients. However, its early application in preventing PSD after acute ischemic stroke remains underexplored. Method:This randomized controlled trial involved patients aged 18 and older diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, confirmed by MRI, and exhibiting persistent focal neurological deficits. A total of 66 participants were randomly assigned to either the rTMS group or the sham stimulation group between two to seven days post-stroke.The rTMS group received repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the affected side at a frequency of 10 Hz, once daily for 5 days a week over a total duration of 4 weeks. The sham group underwent a similar procedure using an 8-shaped pseudo-stimulation coil. Outcomes were assessed using various scales, including the PHQ-9, HAMD, GAD-7, MMSE, and NIHSS. Discussion:The aim of this intervention study is to explore an effective, safe, and reliable method for preventing post-stroke depression. The research findings will assist stroke patients with potential depression.
EXPLORANDO A REPRESENTAÇÃO DE CIÊNCIA E CIENTISTAS NA FASE UM DO UNIVERSO CINEMATOGRÁFICO MARVEL (2008 – 2012)
Authors: Alves da Silva Filho Fernando , Massarani Luisa
Published: November 2024

O Universo Cinematográfico Marvel, popularizado entre 2008 e 2012 durante a Fase UM dos filmes dos Vingadores, destacou-se pela presença marcante de cientistas como Tony Stark, Bruce Banner e Jane Foster. Essas figuras foram centrais para o fenômeno cultural que conquistou milhões de espectadores nos cinemas. Neste artigo, utilizando um protocolo de análise específico para filmes de entretenimento, analisamos como a ciência e os cientistas foram representados em seis filmes da franquia Marvel. Identificamos 16 personagens cientistas, sendo 13 homens e três mulheres, representando 11 áreas do conhecimento científico, divididas em três categorias e caracterizadas por 10 diferentes estereótipos, abrangendo temas que vão desde astrofísica até assuntos nas áreas de ciências sociais e humanas.
ANÁLISE DOS DISCURSOS DAS JUVENTUDES SOBRE NUTRIÇÃO E ALIMENTAÇÃO
Authors: Rodrigues Sobreira Cicero Jordan , Martins Torres Raimundo Augusto , Maia Bessa Marcelino , Gonçalves Costa Isabela , Braga de Souza Ana Rosa , Da Silva Albano Breno , De Oliveira Moraes Luna Morgana , Moreira de Freitas Rodrigo Jácob
Published: November 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os discursos produzidos pelas juventudes escolares e universitárias sobre nutrição e alimentação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo-exploratório, e documental. Foi realizada com jovens que participaram do Programa: “Em Sintonia com a Saúde - S@S”, veiculado pela Web Rádio AJIR-UECE e, no segundo momento, lançou-se mão de uma estratégia de intervenção dialógica presencial, ambas realizadas no segundo semestre de 2022. Para esta pesquisa, foi considerado as Perguntas-Discursos (PD) dos participantes de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) e de escolas públicas vinculadas ao Programa. As PD's foram analisadas a partir da sistemática da analítica do discurso descrita por Foucault (1979). Os discursos dos participantes possibilitaram entender que há pouca abordagem deste tema nos espaços educativos. E que estes apresentam uma relação de cuidado com o ato de comer em si e como fazer a escolha entre os alimentos que são saudáveis e não saudáveis. Foi possível perceber, ainda, que mesmo entendendo da necessidade de práticas de alimentação saudável as juventudes não as fazem, por vezes de não ter acesso ao consumo de alimentos e outros produtos considerados saudáveis. É necessário considerar que práticas de alimentação e nutrição saudáveis, devem ser vistas pela ótica da interseccional, onde raça, classe, sexo/ gênero, etnia, entre outros, se engendram como dispositivos de saber e poder na produção de sujeitos que cuidam de si como modos de dizer e fazer suas vidas menos controladas e agenciadas pelos padrões hegemônicos estetizados nos estereótipos modulados e aceitáveis socialmente.
INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL CASEIRA: ANÁLISE DO ANONIMATO DE DOADORES DE SÊMEN
Authors: Hofstaetter Barbara Prebianca , Dias Rodrigo Rodrigues , Sanches Mario Antonio
Published: November 2024

Introdução: O presente trabalho se insere no contexto do anonimato de doadores de material genético na inseminação artificial caseira. Objetivo: Apresentar e analisar os problemas decorrentes do não cumprimento do anonimato de doadores de material genético na inseminação artificial caseira. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, baseada na análise da jurisprudência dos tribunais de Justiça dos estados do sul e sudeste do Brasil relacionadas à inseminação artificial caseira. Resultados: O anonimato de doadores de sêmen não é mantido na maioria dos casos estudados. Os doadores são frequentemente encontrados por meio de grupos em redes sociais ou são pessoas próximas ao casal que realizará o procedimento. Considerações: O não cumprimento do anonimato pelas pessoas envolvidas no procedimento pode gerar, com o tempo, eventuais consequências ético-jurídicas. Isso inclui a possibilidade de doadores requererem reconhecimento da paternidade, bem como a possibilidade de a criança, representada por sua genitora, solicitar pensão alimentícia e outros direitos decorrentes da filiação.
ANÁLISE MULTIDISCIPLINAR ENTRE DIREITO, LITERATURA E CINEMA DA OBRA “LARANJA MECÂNICA”: SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA APLICABILIDADE DE PENAS DESUMANAS E CRUÉIS
Authors: Da Silva Lucas Rodrigo , Verbicaro Soares Douglas
Published: November 2024

As penas como forma de punição sob o indivíduo, são métodos e ações que a figura do Estado tem por competência exercer em uma sociedade. No entanto, não é difícil identificar que muitas dessas ações punitivas estatais, por possuírem o caráter de retribuição e resposta do sistema a aquele que infringe a lei, feriram em épocas passadas, ou infringem em um contexto atual os direitos fundamentais e humanos básicos. “Laranja Mecânica", obra escrita por Anthony Burgess, é um exemplo certeiro, quanto à forma como o Estado detém a ação punitiva mediante aplicação ao indivíduo infrator. As questões que o presente artigo pretende responder são: Qual a importância da obra “Laranja Mecânica", como forma de expressão artística? Quais as teorias e o entendimento jurídico quanto à aplicabilidade das penas na sociedade? O que é o Behaviorismo? Qual a relação e comparação com as teorias penais da área jurídica com o enredo de Laranja Mecânica? Portanto a análise proposta tem por objetivo geral evidenciar essa relação, entre da obra mencionada, com as formas punitivas do Estado sob o indivíduo, estabelecendo uma ligação com o Direito e por consequência evidenciando a ilegalidade desses métodos. Nesse sentido, especificamente, os objetivos estão centrados na demonstração da arte como um elemento de expressão e meio de reflexão quanto às discussões sociais. Tal como, destacar a aplicação e teoria das penas sob um aspecto comparativo e explorar a teoria do comportamento denominado Behaviorismo, que tem papel fundamental na trama de Laranja Mecânica. A metodologia do presente estudo é definida pelo modo qualitativo e explicativo, tendo a obra Laranja Mecânica como instrumento principal de análise. Além da utilização de doutrinas da área jurídica e psicologia. Assim como o uso de artigos científicos, teses de mestrado e doutorado e legislações. A conclusão do estudo proposto pretende estabelecer, a reflexão entre o Direito, a arte e a aplicabilidade punitiva estatal e o entendimento quanto à inaplicabilidade de sanções desproporcionais aos princípios fundamentais já firmados.
Comparative analysis of modifications of U-Net neuronal network architectures in medical image segmentation
Authors: Dostovalova Anastasia M. , Gorshenin Andrey K. , Starichkova Julia V. , Arzamasov Kirill M.
Published: November 2024

Data processing methods based on neural networks are becoming increasingly popular in medical diagnostics. They are most commonly used to evaluate medical images of human organs using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and other non-invasive diagnostic methods. Disease diagnosis involves solving the problem of medical image segmentation, i.e. finding groups (regions) of pixels that characterize specific objects in the image. The U-Net neural network architecture developed in 2015 is one of the most successful tools to solve this issue. This review evaluated various modifications of the classic U-net architecture. The papers considered were divided into several key categories, such as modifications of the encoder and decoder; use of attention blocks; combination with elements of other architectures; methods for introducing additional attributes; transfer learning; and approaches for processing small sets of real-world data. Different training sets with the best parameters found in the literature were evaluated (Dice similarity score; Intersection over Union; overall accuracy, etc.). A summary table was developed showing types of images evaluated and abnormalities detected. Promising directions for further modifications to improve the quality of the segmentation are identified. The results can be used to detect diseases, especially cancer. Intelligent medical assistants can implement the presented algorithms.
The state of cancer care in Russia: epidemiology and survival in patients with the most common and life-threatening solid malignant tumors. Part 2 (population study on federal district level)
Authors: Merabishvili Vakhtang M. , Rumyantsev Pavel O. , Yurkova Julia P. , Artemeva Anna S. , Artemeva Anna S. , Belyaev Alexey M.
Published: November 2024

The first part of our study was devoted to the study of the prevalence of major solid malignant tumors and major life-threatening ones. In the second part of the study, we will consider the regularities of the effectiveness of anti-cancer measures in the country with calculations of observed and relative one-year survival rates. This opportunity presented itself to us in connection with the formation of the database of the population cancer registry at the federal district level. It is important to note that the standardized indices of average solid malignant tumor morbidity and mortality in Russia and Northwestern Federal District of Russian Federation are close, thus our materials thoroughly reflect the state of oncological service on average in the country, except for the national districts. The population served by the Northwestern Federal District registry is about 14 million people (which is more than the population of Belarus, Latvia and Estonia combined), and the database of the cancer registry amounts to more than 1.5million observations. We calculated the one-year observed and relative survival rates for the most common and most life-threatening solid malignant tumors on the basis of the database of the Northwestern Federal District of Russian Federation population cancer registry. For analysis, we also used the data of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and N.N.Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology (Saint Petersburg, Russia) reference book.
Data processing was performed using licensed programs MSExcel 2013–2016 and STATISTICA6.1. The modified Eurocare program was used to calculate survival rates, as well as mathematical, bibliographic and statistical methods.
For the first time in Russia, the specificity of the patterns of age-related changes in one-year survival of patients with the most common and life-threatening solid tumors was studied.
Such population study of the dynamics of one-year survival rate for patients suffering from leading solid malignant tumors and their life-threatening localizations was carried out for the first time in Russia at the level of a federal district. It revealed an increasing tendency, except for the elderly age groups and among long-livers. A population-based study of the dynamics of one-year survival in leading solid and life-threatening localizations of malignant tumors of patients conducted for the first time in Russia at the federal district level revealed an increase in indicators, with the exception of results for senile age groups and the group of centenarians.
Differential cytological diagnosis of typical and atypical lung carcinoid
Authors: Grigoruk Olga G. , Vihlyanov Igor V. , Tsoy Dmitrii A. , Bazulina Larisa M.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Currently, the few publications on the possibility of diagnosing lung carcinoids by cytological method are not sufficient for evidence-based conclusions.
AIM: To appreciate the potentialities of cytological diagnostics of differentiation of typical and atypical lung carcinoids.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included the results of cytological examination of 18 patients with the conclusion “carcinoid tumour”, who were diagnosed in the cytological laboratory of the Altai Regional Oncology Dispensary (Barnaul, Russia). Cellular material of carcinoid tumors was obtained by diagnostic video bronchoscopy. The specimens were stained by Pappenheim. In all cases, the final diagnosis was the results of histological examination of the tumors with immunohistochemical reactions. The obtained results were evaluated using Microsoft Office Excel2010 and Statistica10.0. Significant cellular features were determined (multi-factorial analysis), which were evaluated to solve diagnostic problems in establishing a cytological diagnose. Differences between carcinoids were assessed using discriminant analysis using Fisher's F-test.
RESULTS: Carcinoid tumours accounted for 2.72% of the number of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lungs. Typical carcinoid was diagnosed in 13 patients; atypical was noted in 5 cases. The mean age at the development of typical carcinoid was 58.46±19.04 years, and 63.2±4.66 years for atypical carcinoid. The cellular features of typical and atypical carcinoids were evaluated, which formed the basis for statistical analysis. To distinguish the most informative combinations of cellular features, a multifactorial analysis was used, which determined the main cytological features for the characteristics of carcinoids using only light microscopy. The values of the first, second and third factors are determined. The factorial value of variants of cellular features was 96.02% of the sample (dispersion). For referring patients between two groups (typical and atypical carcinoids) in the discriminant analysis, 14 initial indicators of tumor cells (discriminant indices) were used, according to which the results of the study of carcinoids were classified. Stepwise evaluation using Fisher's F-test determined the differences that amounted to only 37.97%, which indicates that cellular signs are not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: The obtained data demonstrate the potentialities of cytological diagnosis of lung carcinoids using only light microscopy at the first stage of patient examination. Cellular features allow making the conclusion “carcinoid tumor” with an accuracy of more than 96%. However, it is possible to differentiate typical and atypical carcinoids in less than 40% of cases, because the large number of similar signs.
Pemanfaatan rumput laut Caulerpa racemosa sebagai bahan baku masker wash-off dengan penambahan peptida siput gonggong
Authors: Viruly Lily , Anggi Anggi , Jumsurizal Jumsurizal , Muzahar Muzahar
Published: November 2024

Rumput laut Caulerpa racemosa berpotensi sebagai bahan baku kosmetik, yaitu masker wajah karena mengandung antioksidan. Jenis biota laut yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi dan kaya peptida adalah siput gonggong (Laevistrombus turturella). Ekstrak siput gonggong memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan peptida antimikrob yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Stapylococcus aureus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan formula wash-off mask terbaik dari C. racemosa dengan penambahan peptida gonggong (L. turturella). Formulasi masker wajah wash-off menggunakan formula tetap hasil optimasi (penambahan 15% rumput laut C. racemosa), menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan penambahan peptida gonggong, yaitu A1 (15%), A2 (10%), dan A3 (5%). Produk wash-off mask dianalisis organoleptik, total plate count (TPC), nilai pH, uji iritasi, uji lama mengering dan aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH. Rumput laut C. racemosa segar memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat, yaitu 71,42 µg/mL. Masker wash-off dengan formula terbaik adalah formula penambahan peptida gonggong 5% dengan nilai hedonik parameter aroma 6 (agak suka), warna 7 (suka) dan tekstur 7 (suka). Uji scoring memiliki nilai 7 (bagus) pada setiap parameter. Formula terpilih memenuhi syarat SNI 16-6070-1999 pada nilai TPC, yaitu 4,1×102  CFU/mL dan nilai pH 6,5. Masker yang dihasilkan tidak menimbulkan reaksi iritasi dan mengering pada waktu 14,8 menit dan mengandung antioksidan 186,98±0,01 µg/mL. Produk masker wash-off ini berpotensi menjadi alternatif masker wajah.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Design Thinking Application in the Early Childhood Integrated STEM Education
Authors: Liang Jingtong
Published: November 2024

Design thinking is often defined as a process of analysis and creation. The design thinker needs to take into account the opinions, insights, and feelings of the people being studied and to experiment, create prototypes, test reflect, and redesign. There is a growing awareness of the importance of design thinking in teaching and learning as an effective way to help improve students’ 21st century skills. Although many researchers have been exploring and analyzing the use of design thinking in teaching and learning, the field of early childhood has remained neglected. There is very limited research on the application and presentation of design thinking in early childhood education settings. Therefore, this study will systematically review relevant literature on the application of design thinking in early childhood STEM education and how early childhood teachers apply design thinking pedagogy to help young children acquire conceptual knowledge and develop learning skills. The research question for this study will be: How design thinking is being applied in early childhood integrated STEM education? The study will synthesize, evaluate, and analyze the sample literature based on Thibaut et al.’s theoretical framework for instructional practices in integrated STEM.
A General Review of EBs and an Analysis of Their Problems and Solutions
Authors: Meng Chuihan
Published: November 2024

Two global problems that require attention are the depletion of fossil fuels and the rise in pollution caused by internal combustion engine vehicles. The implementation of electric vehicles is a potential solution to these issues concerning environmental degradation and energy security. With numerous advantages, Electric Bicycles (EBs) have become a popular type of electric vehicle attracting much attention. This article provides an account of the electric bicycle’s history, including the development of its basic structure and its various classifications. The article then delves into the issues that EBs are currently facing, along with the solutions to these problems. After reading some past papers, journals, and articles, I’ve come to some conclusions: today’s EBs are at their best, but there are still some intractable problems. In this information, this paper summarized the history of EB development, and its possible problems and gave some solutions. As a result of this analysis, it can be concluded that EBs have attained a relatively stable state in their development. There is a growing number of individuals who have started to focus on EBs due to the increasing trend of environmental protection. They are light, environmentally friendly, easy to learn, and reasonably priced. But although riding EBs is becoming a popular way to travel, they still have many safety hazards. And many EB users do not have good safety awareness, which often leads to accidents. There are also design problems with some EBs that can directly or indirectly lead to accidents or pose a threat to a person’s health. So we should think about solutions and actively solve these problems. Thus, this paper has analyzed the information given in some articles and summarized some solutions that I hope will make some contribution to the future development of EBs.
Investigation of the adsorptive capacity of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-based film for sodium diclofenac in aqueous media
Authors: Zanol Merck Juliana , Suliani Rota Camila , Duarte Jocelei , Baldasso Camila , Giovanela Marcelo , Da Silva Crespo Janaina
Published: November 2024

Sodium diclofenac (DCF) has been detected in waters worldwide and is considered a micropollutant of emerging concern due to its potential toxicity in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Traditional water treatment methods are unable to remove DCF completely from water, which makes adsorptive films a suitable alternative to address this challenge. In this context, the present study investigated the adsorptive capacities of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-based film for removing DCF from aqueous solutions. The effects of the initial DCF concentration and solution pH on the adsorption performance were evaluated, as well as kinetics and equilibrium isotherms. Regarding the results, DCF precipitation was observed within a pH range of 4.0-7.0, probably due to its limited solubility in acidic media. The optimal DCF concentration was found to be the lowest tested (2.5 mg L-1), yielding an equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) of 0.511 mg g-1 and a DCF removal percentage (%R) of 23.4% within 90 min. Although the adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Redlich-Peterson isotherm despite the unusual behavior observed, pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models were satisfactory only at the initial concentration of 2.5 mg L⁻¹. Overall, the data set indicate that the film has a limited adsorption capacity, reaching saturation at low adsorbate concentrations. Nonetheless, these findings support further investigations at lower DCF concentrations to better understand the film’s adsorptive behavior under environmentally relevant conditions.