bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
White-Coat Hypertension Without Organ Damage: Impact on Long-Term Mortality, New Hypertension, and New Organ Damage
Authors: Mancia Giuseppe , Facchetti Rita , Vanoli Jennifer , Dell’Oro Raffaella , Seravalle Gino , Grassi Guido
Published: February 2022

Background:

According to some guidelines, white-coat hypertension (WCH) carries little or no increase of cardiovascular risk in the absence of organ damage (OD), but no data are available on this issue.

Methods:

Using the population data from PAMELA (Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni), we evaluated cardiovascular and total mortality over a median follow-up of 29 years in WCH (elevated office and normal 24-hour or home blood pressure [BP]) and normotensive controls (normal in- and out-of-office blood pressure) with no echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and no reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Patients with sustained hypertension (SH, in- and out-of-office blood pressure elevation) and normotensive, WCH, and SH with cardiac and renal OD served as controls.

Results:

In the 1423 subjects analyzed, there were 165 cardiovascular and 526 all-cause deaths. After adjustment for confounders, no-OD WCH exhibited a risk of fatal cardiovascular events lower than that of no-OD SH but greater than that of no-ODN (hazard ratio, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.1–3.6],
P
=0.02), this being the case also for all-cause mortality. Compared with no-OD normotensive, no-OD WCH also exhibited a greater 10-year adjusted risk to develop new SH or OD. Similar findings were obtained in normotensive, WCH, and SH with OD.

Conclusions:

The present study provides the first evidence that WCH with no OD is accompanied by a noticeable increase in long-term risk of mortality, new hypertension, and new OD, thereby differing from normotension.
Acclimation to a High‐Salt Diet Is Sex Dependent
Authors: Gohar Eman Y. , De Miguel Carmen , Obi Ijeoma E. , Daugherty Elizabeth M. , Hyndman Kelly A. , Becker Bryan K. , Jin Chunhua , Sedaka Randee , Johnston Jermaine G. , Liu Pengyuan , Speed Joshua S. , Mitchell Tanecia , Kriegel Alison J. , Pollock Jennifer S. , Pollock David M.
Published: February 2022

Background

Premenopausal women are less likely to develop hypertension and salt‐related complications than are men, yet the impact of sex on mechanisms regulating Na
+
homeostasis during dietary salt challenges is poorly defined. Here, we determined whether female rats have a more efficient capacity to acclimate to increased dietary salt intake challenge.

Methods and Results

Age‐matched male and female Sprague Dawley rats maintained on a normal‐salt (NS) diet (0.49% NaCl) were challenged with a 5‐day high‐salt diet (4.0% NaCl). We assessed serum, urinary, skin, and muscle electrolytes; total body water; and kidney Na
+
transporters during the NS and high‐salt diet phases. During the 5‐day high‐salt challenge, natriuresis increased more rapidly in females, whereas serum Na
+
and body water concentration increased only in males. To determine if females are primed to handle changes in dietary salt, we asked the question whether the renal endothelin‐1 natriuretic system is more active in female rats, compared with males. During the NS diet, female rats had a higher urinary endothelin‐1 excretion rate than males. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of RNA sequencing data identified the enrichment of endothelin signaling pathway transcripts in the inner medulla of kidneys from NS‐fed female rats compared with male counterparts. Notably, in human subjects who consumed an Na
+
‐controlled diet (3314–3668 mg/day) for 3 days, women had a higher urinary endothelin‐1 excretion rate than men, consistent with our findings in NS‐fed rats.

Conclusions

These results suggest that female sex confers a greater ability to maintain Na
+
homeostasis during acclimation to dietary Na
+
challenges and indicate that the intrarenal endothelin‐1 natriuretic pathway is enhanced in women.
Sex Differences in Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft for Left Main Disease: From the DELTA Registries
Authors: Moroni Francesco , Beneduce Alessandro , Giustino Gennaro , Briede Ieva , Park Seung‐Jung , Daemen Joost , Claude Morice Marie , Nakamura Sunao , Meliga Emanuele , Cerrato Enrico , Makkar Raj R , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Lucarelli Carla , Capranzano Piera , Tchetche Didier , Templin Christian , Kirtane Ajay , Buzman Pawel , Alfieri Ottavio , Valgimigli Marco , Mehran Roxana , Colombo Antonio , Montorfano Matteo , Chieffo Alaide , Latib Azeem M , Onuba Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W , Mieghem Nicolas M , Jegere Sanda , Erglis Andrejs , Palacios Igor F , Margey Ronan , Agnihotri Arvind , Kim Young‐Hak , Chakravarty Tarun , Sheiban Imad , Marra Sebastiano , Pavani Marco , Naber Cristoph , Fajadet Jean , Lefevre Thierry , Mangiameli Andrea , Capodanno Davide , Tamburino Corrado , Leon Martin B , Moses Jeffrey W , Tanaka Akihito , Cartier Jacques , Sawaya Fadi J , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Stefanini Giulio G , Pisaniello Marco , Benedictis Mauro , Varbella Ferdinando , Sharma Samin K
Published: February 2022

Background

Controversy exists over whether sex has significant interaction with revascularization strategy for unprotected left main coronary artery disease. Higher mortality has been reported among women treated with percutaneous coronary intervention compared with coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods and Results

The DELTA (Drug‐Eluting Stents for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease) and DELTA‐2 registries are international, multicentric registries evaluating the outcomes of subjects undergoing coronary revascularization for unprotected left main coronary artery disease. The primary outcome was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accidents. The population consisted of 6253 patients, including 1689 (27%) women. Women were older and more likely to have diabetes and chronic kidney disease than men (
P
<0.05). At a median follow‐up of 29 months (interquartile range 12–49), a significant interaction between sex and revascularization strategy was observed for the primary end point (p
int
=0.012) and all‐cause death (p
int
=0.037). Among women, compared with percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with lower risk of the primary end point (event rate 9.5% versus 15.3%; adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35–0.79,
P
<0.001) and all‐cause death (event rate 5.6% versus 11.7% AHR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30–0.82) and no significant differences were observed in men.

Conclusions

In women undergoing coronary revascularization for unprotected left main coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with lower risk of death, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accidents whereas no significant differences between coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention were observed in men. Further dedicated studies are needed to determine the optimal revascularization strategy in women with unprotected left main coronary artery disease.
The Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph enhanced: Author name disambiguation, publication classification, and embeddings
Authors: Färber Michael , Ao Lin
Published: February 2022

Although several large knowledge graphs have been proposed in the scholarly field, such graphs are limited with respect to several data quality dimensions such as accuracy and coverage. In this article, we present methods for enhancing the Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph (MAKG), a recently published large-scale knowledge graph containing metadata about scientific publications and associated authors, venues, and affiliations. Based on a qualitative analysis of the MAKG, we address three aspects. First, we adopt and evaluate unsupervised approaches for large-scale author name disambiguation. Second, we develop and evaluate methods for tagging publications by their discipline and by keywords, facilitating enhanced search and recommendation of publications and associated entities. Third, we compute and evaluate embeddings for all 239 million publications, 243 million authors, 49,000 journals, and 16,000 conference entities in the MAKG based on several state-of-the-art embedding techniques. Finally, we provide statistics for the updated MAKG. Our final MAKG is publicly available at https://makg.org and can be used for the search or recommendation of scholarly entities, as well as enhanced scientific impact quantification.
Center–periphery structure in research communities
Authors: Wedell Eleanor , Park Minhyuk , Korobskiy Dmitriy , Warnow Tandy , Chacko George
Published: February 2022

Clustering and community detection in networks are of broad interest and have been the subject of extensive research that spans several fields. We are interested in the relatively narrow question of detecting communities of scientific publications that are linked by citations. These publication communities can be used to identify scientists with shared interests who form communities of researchers. Building on the well-known k-core algorithm, we have developed a modular pipeline to find publication communities with center–periphery structure. Using a quantitative and qualitative approach, we evaluate community finding results on a citation network consisting of over 14 million publications relevant to the field of extracellular vesicles. We compare our approach to communities discovered by the widely used Leiden algorithm for community finding.
Identity, Diaspora and Development
Authors: Aleksanyan Yeva
Published: February 2022

The Armenian diaspora started about two millennia ago. Today’s Armenian diaspora, largely formed during and after World War I, plays a prominent role in the country’s international relations, attracting foreign direct investments, sending remittances and boosting domestic demand. It has been argued that Armenians living abroad invest in Armenia, cooperate with Armenia-based businesses or send remittances because of their ethnic identity and their altruism towards family and friends. This paper discusses how Armenia can harness its diaspora’s potential through the cultivation of identity, development of certain institutions, financial tools and digital platforms. It looks at the avenues of diaspora–homeland cooperation and the critical role that the diaspora can play in the homeland’s development.
Simulation and Scaling of the Turbulent Vertical Heat Transport and Deep-Cycle Turbulence across the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue
Authors: Whitt D. B. , Cherian D. A. , Holmes R. M. , Bachman S. D. , Lien R.-C. , Large W. G. , Moum J. N.
Published: February 2022

Microstructure observations in the Pacific cold tongue reveal that turbulence often penetrates into the thermocline, producing hundreds of watts per square meter of downward heat transport during nighttime and early morning. However, virtually all observations of this deep-cycle turbulence (DCT) are from 0°, 140°W. Here, a hierarchy of ocean process simulations, including submesoscale-permitting regional models and turbulence-permitting large-eddy simulations (LES) embedded in a regional model, provide insight into mixing and DCT at and beyond 0°, 140°W. A regional hindcast quantifies the spatiotemporal variability of subsurface turbulent heat fluxes throughout the cold tongue from 1999 to 2016. Mean subsurface turbulent fluxes are strongest (∼100 W m−2) within 2° of the equator, slightly (∼10 W m−2) stronger in the northern than Southern Hemisphere throughout the cold tongue, and correlated with surface heat fluxes (r2= 0.7). The seasonal cycle of the subsurface heat flux, which does not covary with the surface heat flux, ranges from 150 W m−2near the equator to 30 and 10 W m−2at 4°N and 4°S, respectively. Aseasonal variability of the subsurface heat flux is logarithmically distributed, covaries spatially with the time-mean flux, and is highlighted in 34-day LES of boreal autumn at 0° and 3°N, 140°W. Intense DCT occurs frequently above the undercurrent at 0° and intermittently at 3°N. Daily mean heat fluxes scale with the bulk vertical shear and the wind stress, which together explain ∼90% of the daily variance across both LES. Observational validation of the scaling at 0°, 140°W is encouraging, but observations beyond 0°, 140°W are needed to facilitate refinement of mixing parameterization in ocean models.

Significance Statement

This work is a fundamental contribution to a broad community effort to improve global long-range weather and climate forecast models used for seasonal to longer-term prediction. Much of the predictability on seasonal time scales is derived from the slow evolution of the upper eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean as it varies between El Niño and La Niña conditions. This study presents state-of-the-art high-resolution regional numerical simulations of ocean turbulence and mixing in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The results inform future planning for field work as well as future efforts to refine the representation of ocean mixing in global forecast models.
The value of assimilating different ground-based profiling networks on the forecasts of bore-generating nocturnal convection
Authors: Chipilski Hristo G. , Wang Xuguang , Parsons David B. , Johnson Aaron , Degelia Samuel K.
Published: February 2022

There is a growing interest in the use of ground-based remote sensors for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), which is sparked by their potential to address the currently existing observation gap within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). Nevertheless, open questions still exist regarding the relative importance of and synergy among various instrument types. To shed light on these important questions, the present study examines the forecast benefits associated with several different ground-based profiling networks using 10 diverse cases from the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign. Aggregated verification statistics reveal that a combination of in situ and remote sensing profilers leads to the largest increase in forecast skill, both in terms of the parent mesoscale convective system and the explicitly resolved bore. These statistics also indicate that it is often advantageous to collocate thermodynamic and kinematic remote sensors. By contrast, the impacts of networks consisting of single profilers appear to be flow-dependent, with thermodynamic (kinematic) remote sensors being most useful in cases with relatively low (high) convective predictability. Deficiencies in the data assimilation method as well as inherent complexities in the governing moisture dynamics are two factors shown to limit the forecast value extracted from such networks.
Examination of Diffusion Patterns of Tornado Warning Using an Agent-Based Model and Simulation
Authors: Liang Daan , Cong Zhen , Cao Guofeng
Published: February 2022

Timely communication of warnings is essential to protection of lives and properties during tornado outbreaks. Both official and personal channels of communication prove to have considerable impact on the overall outcome. In this study, an agent-based model is developed to simulate warning’s reception–dissemination process in which a person is exposed to, receives, and sends information while interacting with others. The model is applied to an EF5 tornado (EF indicates enhanced Fujita scale) that struck Moore, Oklahoma, in 2013. The parameters are calibrated using publicly available data or a poststorm telephone survey or were derived from literature reviews, expert judgement, and sensitivity analysis. The result shows a reasonable agreement between modeled and observed reception rates for older and younger adults and for different channels, with errors of less than 20 percentage points. Similar agreement is also seen for the average numbers of warning sources. The subsequent simulation indicates that, in the absence of tornado sirens, the overall reception rates for younger and older adults would drop from the baseline by 17 and 6 percentage points, respectively. Concurrently, there is a large decline in the number of warning sources. When a persons’ social network is enlarged, the reception rate for older adults improves from 77% to 80%, whereas for younger adults it stays unchanged. The impact of increased connectivity is more pronounced when people are not watching television or a tornado siren is not available.

Significance Statement

Every year, tornadoes cause significant property damage and numerous casualties in the United States. This study aims to understand how tornado warnings reach the at-risk public through various communication channels. Using the agent-based model and simulation, we are able to reconstruct the dynamic patterns of warning’s reception–dissemination process for older and younger adults within a historical EF5 tornado. Further analysis confirms the importance of tornado sirens in not only alerting more residents about the dangerous weather condition but also prompting protective actions. In the meantime, an increase in social connectivity among residents would compensate for the lack of exposure to television and tornado siren. Future work should investigate the robustness of this model and its parameters when applied to other tornado outbreaks.
How Cultural Meanings of Occupations in the U.S. Changed During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Quinn Joseph M. , Freeland Robert E. , Rogers Kimberly B. , Hoey Jesse , Smith-Lovin Lynn
Published: February 2022

Social research highlights the stability of cultural beliefs, broadly arguing that population-level changes are uncommon and mostly explained by cohort replacement rather than individual-level change. We find evidence suggesting that cultural change may also occur rapidly in response to an economically and socially transformative period. Using data collected just before and after the outbreak of Covid-19 in the U.S., we explore whether cultural beliefs about essential and non-essential occupations are dynamic in the face of an exogenous social and economic shock. Using a sample of respondents whose characteristics match the U.S. Census on sex, age, and race/ethnicity, we fielded surveys measuring cultural beliefs about 85 essential and non-essential occupations using the evaluation, potency, and activity (EPA) dimensions from the Affect Control Theory paradigm. We expected that EPA ratings of essential work identities would increase due to positive media coverage of essential occupations as indispensable and often selfless roles in the pandemic, while EPA ratings of non-essential identities would decline. Our findings show patterns that are both clear and inconsistent with our predictions. For both essential and non-essential occupations, almost all statistically significant changes in mean evaluation and potency were negative; activity showed relatively little change. Changes in evaluation scores were more negative for non-essential occupations than essential occupations. Results suggest that pervasive and persistent exogenous events are worth investigating as potential sources of episodic cultural belief change.
The Relation Between C-Reactive Protein–Albumin Ratio and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Psoriasis
Authors: Balta Ilknur , Balta Sevket
Published: February 2022

Psoriasis vulgaris is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. The C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio (CAR) has received increasing attention as an independent prognostic factor for inflammatory diseases. The carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a predictor of atherosclerosis. We assessed the correlation between CAR and cIMT in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. We enrolled 147 participants (72 with psoriasis vulgaris and 75 controls). Disease severity was assessed using the “Psoriasis Area Severity İndex (PASI).” Patient and control groups were similar with regard to gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). cIMT was measured in both the left and the right common carotid arteries. CAR values were higher in patients with psoriasis compared with controls (0.93 (0.06–4.32) vs 0.51 (0.10–2.99), p < .001). The patients with psoriasis had a significantly greater cIMT compared with control subjects. (0.53 (0.42–0.65) vs 0.50 (0.41–0.65) mm, p = .03). PASI scores were positively correlated with CAR values (r = 0.532, p < .001). A positive correlation between cIMT and CAR was found in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (r = 0.463, p < .001). CAR is an easily derived reproducible marker that could prove useful for assessing the inflammatory status of patients with psoriasis in clinical practice. CAR may also prove useful as a cardiovascular risk marker in these patients.
Distinct profiles of psychological and neuropsychological functions underlying goal-directed pursuit in schizophrenia
Authors: Gerritsen Cory J , Goldberg Joel O , Kiang Michael , Remington Gary , Foussias George , Eastwood John D
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

Several components are known to underlie goal-directed pursuit, including executive, motivational and volitional functions. These were explored in schizophrenia spectrum disorders in order to identify subgroups with distinct profiles.

Methods:

Multiple executive, motivational and volitional tests were administered to a sample of outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses ( n = 59) and controls ( n = 63). Research questions included whether distinct profiles exist and whether some functions are impacted disproportionately. These questions were addressed via cluster analysis and profile analysis, respectively.

Results:

Some such functions were significantly altered in schizophrenia while others were unaffected. Two distinct profiles emerged, one characterized by energizing deficits, reduced reward sensitivity and few subjective complaints; while another was characterized by markedly increased punishment sensitivity, intact reward sensitivity and substantial subjective reporting of avolitional symptoms and boredom susceptibility.

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the importance of considering distinct patterns of strengths and deficits in functions governing goal-directed pursuit in schizophrenia that demarcate identifiable subtypes. These distinctions have implications for treatment, assessment and research.
From public health to cyber hygiene: Cybersecurity and Canada’s healthcare sector
Authors: Wilner Alex S. , Luce Harrison , Ouellet Eva , Williams Olivia , Costa Nelson
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a wave of cyberattacks targeting the healthcare sector, including against hospitals, doctors, patients, medical companies, supply chains, universities, research laboratories, and public health organizations at different levels of jurisdiction and across the public and private sectors. Despite these concerns, cybersecurity in Canadian healthcare is significantly understudied. This article uses a series of illustrative examples to highlight the challenges, outcomes, and solutions Canada might consider in addressing healthcare cybersecurity. The article explores the various rationales by which Canadian healthcare may be targeted, unpacks several prominent types of cyberattack used against the healthcare sector, identifies the different malicious actors motivated to conduct such attacks, provides insights derived from three empirical cases of healthcare cyberattack (Boston Children’s Hospital [2014], Anthem [2015], National Health Service [2017]), and concludes with lessons for a Canadian response to healthcare cybersecurity from several international perspectives (e.g., Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Norway, and the Netherlands).
Small-Group, Emergent Literacy Intervention Under Two Implementation Models: Intent-to-Treat and Dosage Effects for Preschoolers at Risk for Reading Difficulties
Authors: Piasta Shayne B. , Logan Jessica A. R. , Zettler-Greeley Cynthia M. , Bailet Laura L. , Lewis Kandia , Thomas Leiah J. G.
Published: February 2022

Preschool-age children identified as at risk for later reading difficulties can benefit from supplemental, small-group emergent literacy intervention. As such interventions become commercially available and marketed to preschool programs, it is important to understand their impacts when implemented by intended end users under routine conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of the Nemours BrightStart! (NBS!) intervention on children’s emergent literacy skills when implemented by teachers and community aides in authentic preschool classrooms. We randomly assigned 98 classrooms to one of three conditions (NBS! teacher-implemented, NBS! community aide-implemented, or control). Children enrolled in these classrooms who met eligibility criteria and were identified as at risk via an early literacy screener ( n = 281) completed pretest and posttest emergent literacy assessments; those assigned to NBS! conditions received intervention from their classroom teacher or a community aide affiliated with a local kindergarten-readiness initiative. Intent-to-treat analyses showed no significant impacts of NBS! on any outcome, and an instrumental variable, as-treated approach showed one significant intervention effect on letter writing. Consequently, we did not replicate results of prior highly controlled efficacy trials. Findings have implications for revising the NBS! theory of change, conducting dosage and as-treated analyses, and moving research-based interventions toward scale-up.
Research on the supervision mechanism of new energy time-sharing rental vehicles in the background of carbon peak
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Hongli , Chen Yejian , Wan Xiaoyu
Published: February 2022

At present, new energy time-sharing rental vehicles have become a new generation of travel modes, playing a positive role in environmental protection and being regarded as one of the most promising travel modes in the future. However, due to the rapid pace of market expansion, the problems in their development have come one after another, such as the leakage of personal information, difficulty refunding the deposit and other phenomena frequently occurring, causing problems for consumer user experience. The reasons are as follows: government policies and regulations need to be perfected; the level of enterprise operation needs to be observed, financing is difficult, and the level of consumer participation in supervision is low. Based on the traits of bounded rationality in the internet plus the periodic rental market, this paper introduces the government into the market subject and constructs a three-party dynamic evolution game model between the government, enterprises, and consumers to reveal the control strategy. This paper conducts a concrete analysis to verify the model using a case study by revealing the game process between the regulation strategy and behavior decisions of enterprises and consumers and provides a theoretical basis and reference for policy-making and decision-making. The results showed that when the key parameters are in different numerical ranges, the system has four evolutionary stability results. By appropriately increasing the number of subsidies and penalties, increasing the proportion of the compensation coefficient to consumers, and urging enterprises to reduce operating costs, government participation is conducive to the healthy development of the new energy time-sharing automobile industry.
Selection of open or closed boundaries in a cellular automata model for heterogeneous non-lane-based traffic
Authors: Singh Mohit Kumar , Ramachandra Rao K
Published: February 2022

Cellular automata (CA) simulation models developed for traffic are either closed or open boundary type. The selection and difference of boundaries has been studied extensively for ideal and single-lane homogeneous traffic conditions. However, the effect of these on multi-lane-heterogeneous traffic still needs attention because most of the traffic observed in many parts of the world is not single-lane homogeneous traffic. It is evident from multiple studies that open and closed boundaries affect the simulation results. Moreover, these require different inputs for simulation. This study attempts to evaluate the difference in the results of open and closed boundary simulations in heterogeneous non-lane-based traffic. The methodology discussed in this study is relatable to the field conditions. The present study includes some of the common but often ignored features in the model such as seepage of small-sized vehicles. Furthermore, this study also includes some of the previously unnoticed features while modeling the non-lane-based traffic at intersections. The modeling of open boundaries simulation can be better and easy in most of the situations compared to the closed boundaries. Closed boundary simulation results for flow-density curve show a smooth trend, whereas open boundary simulation results are scattered as observed in the field. This study further concludes that the size of the vehicle does not change the fundamental diagrams except when other characteristics such as seepage, lane change, and different maximum speeds for different modes are considered. The study used field observed influence zone of intersections to decide the dimension of intersection in the simulation model.
Distancing From Accountability? Governments’ Use of Soft Law in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McLeod Matthew
Published: February 2022

This article analyses how governments across Australia and the world have employed ‘soft law’ in their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Rather than simply directing the public to the text of voluminous, complex and everchanging public health orders, executive officials have utilised a variety of non-legal soft law instruments to inform the community of their rights and obligations. These instruments are beneficial — especially in a public health crisis — as they are comprehensible, adaptable and effective. However, their non-legal nature also presents significant accountability issues which challenge the Australian conception of the separation of powers. Soft law exists independent of any parliamentary authorisation or oversight. Subsequently, those affected by soft law lack almost any ability to challenge its use in court. To remedy such issues, this article recommends a greater role for administrative complaint mechanisms (such as Ombudsman recommendations and discretionary payment schemes) in combatting abuses of soft law. It further suggests that the limited adoption of two foreign doctrines — substantive legitimate expectations and epistemic deference — into Australian judicial review could aid in addressing this dilemma.
Oncocytic Carcinoma in the Retromolar Trigone: A Case Report
Authors: Wu Chunyue , Yu Yang , Qiao Chunyan , Song Lina , Liu Qilin
Published: February 2022

Oncocytic carcinoma (OC) is a pretty rare malignant neoplasm. Oncocytic carcinomas mainly occur in major salivary glands but infrequently occur in minor salivary glands. We report a case of OC occurring in the retromolar glands involving the ipsilateral tonsil, which has not been reported in the English literature. This case may expand the database of OC, and provide diagnosis and treatment ideas for clinicians.
A Closer Look on the Relation Between Nostalgia and Risk-Taking
Authors: Lilleholt Lau , Zettler Ingo
Published: February 2022

Building on the work of Zou et al. we (re-)investigated the relation between nostalgia and financial risk-taking across three preregistered, well-powered studies (overall N = 2,804). In Studies 1 and 2, we first tested whether nostalgia fosters or hampers dysfunctional or functional financial risk-taking. Finding no evidence to suggest that nostalgia fosters or hampers neither functional nor dysfunctional financial risk-taking, we tested in Study 3 if the link between nostalgia and financial risk-taking reported by Zou et al. could be replicated and extended to other domains of risk-taking. By and large, the relation between nostalgia and financial risk-taking could not be replicated nor extended to any other domains of risk-taking. Combined, the results nourish doubt on the robustness of the link between nostalgia and risk-taking observed by Zou et al.
Infectious Complications Following Cochlear Implant: Risk Factors, Natural History, and Management Patterns
Authors: Moon Peter K. , Qian Z. Jason , Ahmad Iram N. , Stankovic Konstantina M. , Chang Kay W. , Cheng Alan G.
Published: February 2022

Objective

To describe the natural history, detail the treatment patterns, and identify the risk factors for cochlear implant (CI) infections in a large US cohort.

Study Design

Retrospective study based on insurance claims.

Setting

Optum Data Mart database: 6101 patients who received CIs from 2003 to 2019.

Methods

Infections, treatments patterns, and timelines were described. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association between postoperative oral antibiotics and CI infection.

Results

The cohort includes 4736 (77.6%) adults and 1365 (22.4%) children. Between adult and pediatric patients, rates of CI infection (5.1% vs 4.5%, P =. 18) and explantation (1.2% vs 0.8%, P =. 11) were not significantly different. Infections typically occurred within 5 months of surgery. Children were diagnosed with CI infection earlier than adults (median difference, –1.5 months; P =. 001). Postoperative oral antibiotic supply was not associated with lower risk of CI infection in either children or adults. However, among adults, otitis media was associated with higher odds of CI infection (odds ratio, 1.41; P <. 001), while higher income was associated with lower odds of CI infection (odds ratio, 0.71; P =. 03).

Conclusions

Postoperative oral antibiotics were not associated with lower risk of infection or interventions. Otitis media episodes and lower income were associated with increased risk of infection among adults as well as intervention overall. Infection typically presented within the first 6 months after surgery, with children presenting earlier than adults. Overall, our findings serve as a resource for providers to consider in their care of patients with CIs.
Race, Theology, and IR: Thinking with Black Liberation Theologian James H. Cone
Authors: Blamire Paul
Published: February 2022

This article introduces the work of black liberation theologian James H. Cone into the mutual silence between the study of race and the study of Christian theology in IR. Despite the theological roots of the colonial-modern idea of race, these areas of study in IR have mostly been approached separately. Cone’s thought responds to the complicity of white supremacy and Christianity, whilst theorising a theology of black liberation. It is thus witness and testament to the redemptive potential of a theological frame, inviting us to think beyond secular reason. Cone’s thought raises important theological questions about universality, a central stake for IR discussions of Christian theology. This article identifies supersessionism, the idea that Christianity supersedes both Judaism, and any particularity (as a potentially universal salvific community), as a key notion in the enlightenment secularisation of theological thought, and the development of a racialised colonial modernity that modelled itself in part on Christianity’s longstanding anti-Semitism. This article opens an engagement with Cone’s work for discussions of both Christian theology and race in IR, pointing to the innermost doctrines of Christianity as a site of tension at which race thinking and Christianity are connected, and at which they might be de-linked.

Race, théologie et relations internationales : penser avec le théologien de la libération des Noirs James H. Cone
Bending analysis of nanobeams based on the integral form of nonlocal elasticity using the numerical Rayleigh-Ritz technique
Authors: Oskouie Mohammad Faraji , Ansari Reza , Rouhi Hessam
Published: February 2022

The nonlocal theory is commonly applied for nanomaterials due to its capability in considering size influences. Available studies have shown that the differential version of this theory is not suitable for some problems such as bending of cantilever nanobeams, and the integral version must be used to avoid obtaining inconsistent results. Therefore, an attempt is made in this paper to propose an efficient variational formulation based on the integral nonlocal model for the analysis of nanobeams. The formulation is developed in a general form so that it can be used for arbitrary kernel functions. The nanobeams are modeled using the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory, and their bending behavior is analyzed. Derivation of governing equations is performed according to an energy-based approach. Also, a numerical approach based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method is developed for the solution of problem. Moreover, the results of integral and differential models are compared. It is revealed that by the proposed numerical solution, the paradox in the behavior of nanocantilever is resolved.
Knowledge mapping and visualization of personal information management literature, 1988–2020
Authors: Nwagwu Williams Ezinwa , Williams Chidiebube Blossom
Published: February 2022

This study was designed to examine the structure of the literature on personal information management during the period 1988–2020 through the mapping of author and indexer keywords. The article also examines the volume, quantity and growth of personal information management literature during the period. The Scopus database was searched with the phrase ‘personal information management’ within the title, abstract and keyword fields on 18 February 2021. The annual growth in publications is presented as the number of retrieved documents each year, and the annual growth rate of publications on the subject is analysed. A total of 887 documents have been written on the subject since 1988. The major focus in addressing the problem of personal information management appears to be on technology applications, but research from 2015 onwards starts to address individual factors as they relate to personal information management.
Development of Youth leadership Through Community-Based Participatory Action Research During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Korean American Adolescents
Authors: Song Aeri , Hur Jung Won
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the leadership development of Korean American youth who participated in a community-based participatory action research program designed to assist community members affected by COVID-19. Participants were drawn from a small town in the southeastern part of the U.S. Using a case study approach, multiple qualitative data (e.g., focus group conversations) and quantitative survey data were collected to explore the learning experiences of 15 Korean American adolescents. Qualitative data was analyzed following the six steps of thematic analysis, and descriptive statistics were performed to analyze quantitative data. Findings suggest that the program provided authentic learning opportunities in which participants researched the needs of community members and implemented action plans to help them. The program also helped participants improve communication skills and broaden their leadership perspectives. However, participants’ perceived leadership development differed depending on their self-identified ethnic identity, and those students who lacked Korean language abilities demonstrated difficulties in collaborating with fluent Korean-speaking peers in bilingual learning environments. This study addresses gaps in the youth development literature by describing how a community-based approach and culturally relevant practice can help Asian American youth develop leadership and inspire them to be change agents in their communities.
The association of oxidative stress and DNA damage with XRCC1 and XRCC3 polymorphisms in radiology technicians
Authors: Soylemez Esma , Ozcagli Eren , Korkmaz Serol , Tok Olgu Enis , Aydin Mehmet Serif , Omurtag Gulden Zehra
Published: February 2022

Ionizing radiation has widespread use in medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of many medical conditions. Radiology technicians are one group that is occupationally exposed to low doses of radiation. There are questions regarding whether low dose exposure to radiation could have long-term health consequences. Assessing the effect of radiation on genetic material is essential for appraising long-term health results. Hereditary variations in DNA repair genes cause differentiation in individual responses to radiation related health effects. This study aimed to determine oxidative stress and DNA damage, and their relationship to XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) polymorphisms in radiology technicians occupationally exposed to low dose radiation. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 45 radiology technicians and age-matched with 40 healthy control individuals working in office environments. Our results showed that radiology technicians had significantly greater oxidative stress and DNA damage than the control group, and women appeared more susceptible to occupational radiation exposure than men. Individuals with wild-type genotypes for XRCC1 (Arg/Arg) and XRCC3 (Thr/Thr) had less DNA damage. Lower DNA damage levels could be explained by the enhanced capacity to repair low dose radiation induced DNA damage. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of DNA repair genes in individuals that are occupationally exposed to low dose radiation.
Control strategy optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle based on driving data mining
Authors: Wang Pengyu , Pan Chunyan , Sun Tianjun
Published: February 2022

SDP (Stochastic Dynamic Programming) control strategy can mine the travel data of drivers, so that the energy-saving potential of vehicles could be improved. However, there are two problems need to be solved in the current SDP: firstly, the analysis and construction method of driver’s typical driving cycle is not clear; secondly, the adaptability of SDP algorithm to a typical driving cycle is insufficient. To solve the above problems, a driving cycle construction method for off-line SDP solution is proposed, which is based on “analysis, dimension reduction and clustering” process. In addition, a coupled control strategy (ECMS-SDP) based on driving conditions identification is developed. Because it is difficult to predict the driving conditions in real time, the working part of the coupled control strategy is calculated by the method of improved random forest. The simulation results show that ECMS-SDP control strategy can save 8%–15% fuel on average compared with CD-CS control strategy, and can save 4%–7% fuel on average compared with ECMS control strategy. The results prove that the ECMS-SDP coupled control strategy can respond well to the changing driving environment, and the fuel economy of vehicles is enhanced.
Nurses’ perception of workplace discrimination
Authors: ZareKhafri Fatemeh , Torabizadeh Camellia , Jaberi Azita
Published: February 2022

Background:

Discrimination and injustice are big obstacles in nurses’ way to socialization and are among the major clinical challenges faced by nurses. Workplace discrimination is associated with such negative consequences as stress, fatigue, demoralization, loss of professional commitment, tension and conflicts at work, and resignation. A review of literature shows that not much research has been dedicated to workplace discrimination in nursing.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate nurses’ perception of workplace discrimination.

Method:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the hospitals affiliated with a university of medical sciences in the largest city in the south of Iran in 2019. The participants consisted of 597 nurses who were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made workplace discrimination questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS v. 21.

Findings:

The mean of the nurses’ workplace discrimination scores was found to be 102.57 ± 14.5, which is considered as moderate. The nurses’ mean scores for the dimensions of vertical and horizontal discrimination (44.53 ± 6.8), consequences of discrimination (20.52 ± 5.55), and unfair promotion (12.38 ± 2.44) were moderate. As for the two other dimensions of workplace discrimination, namely, gender discrimination (14.41 ± 3.28) and cultural-organizational discrimination (11.88 ± 2.99), the participants’ mean scores were low. There was a significant relationship between the nurses’ workplace discrimination mean score on the one hand and their employment status (p = 0.016) and work experience (p = 0.002) on the other. However, the nurses’ workplace discrimination mean score was not found to correlate with their level of education (p = 0.65), marital status (p = 0.274), and gender (p = 0.479).

Ethical consideration:

This study has been approved by the ethics committee of the university. All the participants had signed the written informed consent form before participation.

Conclusion:

Hospital managers should take measures to reduce discrimination and establish organizational justice to raise nurses’ morale and improve the quality of their performance as caregivers.
Instrumental Support, Relational Attachment, and Subjective Career Success: The Moderating Role of Personal Support
Authors: Kundi Yasir Mansoor , Khoso Ubedullah , Adnan Nadia
Published: February 2022

Support at work has been linked to a wide range of positive individual and organizational outcomes. However, research to date has overlooked its influence on career-related outcomes. Drawing on attachment theory, we examined the relationship between instrumental support and two aspects of subjective career success—job satisfaction and career satisfaction—and the mediating and moderating roles of relational attachment and personal support, respectively. Results from survey data collected from employees working in Poland provide support for our hypothesized relationships. The findings contribute to a richer understanding of how and when employee subjective career success is influenced by social support and positive relationships in work life. Our findings have theoretical implications for social support, positive workplace relationships, and career success literatures.