bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Neurotrauma Care in UCMS and GTB Hospital, New Delhi
Authors: Sarma Pragyan , Garg Manish
Published: January 2023

University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and the associated Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital (GTBH) is one of the largest tertiary care centers in the National capital of Delhi. It caters to a large volume of patients mainly from north east Delhi along with neighboring states of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Since the establishment of neurosurgery department in 1997, the department has contributed significantly toward neurotrauma care. With the upgradation of infrastructure in recent years, the department surely has a bright future in neurotrauma services benefiting a huge population. In this article, I have tried to describe the brief history of neurotrauma care, present status of manpower, and infrastructure to manage trauma patients, difficulties yet to overcome and roadmap for future.
Intimate strangers: theorizing bodily knowledge in shared housing
Authors: Törnqvist Maria
Published: January 2023

What does it mean to know and relate to others in a domestic context characterized by physical, but not necessarily emotional, proximity? This article investigates the role of the body in converting strangers into intimate others within the setting of shared housing. Addressing phenomenological work on situated bodies as sites of perception in dialogue with sociological theories of embodiment and attunement, the article explores tacit everyday knowledge and its implications for the (subjective) construction of intimacy. Combining multisited observations and interviews, the study explores the intimate significance of privileged forms of knowing (of) others—lived on and by the body—and how these, at times, become habits of also caring for others. Although living under the same roof is not enough for there to be intimacy, the present study shows that shared housing evokes transgression of personal borders that pushes the limits between intimate and distant others in ways that expand our notion of what it means to know someone.
Engagement strategies in English and Arabic newspaper editorials
Authors: Alghazo Sharif , Al-Anbar Khulood , Jarrah Marwan , Rabab’ah Ghaleb , Al-Deaibes Mutasim
Published: January 2023

This study explores the use and functions of engagement strategies in English and Arabic newspaper editorials. To this end, the study analyses 80 editorials collected from two popular newspapers (40 from each): The Guardian which publishes in English and appears in the UK and Addustour which publishes in Arabic and appears in Jordan. Following Paltridge’s (2020) taxonomy, the study utilises a mixed-method approach to assess whether differences in the use of engagement strategies between the two corpora are statistically significant and to identify the functions of the strategies used in the two sets of data. The findings show that there are statistically significant differences between the two languages in the use of some engagement strategies. In particular, Arabic editorials included more reader pronouns and less personal asides than did English ones. In addition, although questioning as an engagement strategy was absent in the Arabic corpus, it was used in the English one to transmit information and circulate knowledge. The findings enrich our understanding of how the editorial genre is constructed, and how editorialists engage with their readers in the two languages.
Optical trapping with holographically structured light for single-cell studies
Authors: Lee Moosung , Hugonnet Hervé , Lee Mahn Jae , Cho Youngmoon , Park YongKeun
Published: January 2023

A groundbreaking work in 1970 by Arthur Ashkin paved the way for developing various optical trapping techniques. Optical tweezers have become an established method for the manipulation of biological objects, due to their noninvasiveness and precise controllability. Recent innovations are accelerating and now enable single-cell manipulation through holographic light structuring. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in optical tweezer techniques for studies at the individual cell level. Our review focuses on holographic optical tweezers that utilize active spatial light modulators to noninvasively manipulate live cells. The versatility of the technology has led to valuable integrations with microscopy, microfluidics, and biotechnological techniques for various single-cell studies. We aim to recapitulate the basic principles of holographic optical tweezers, highlight trends in their biophysical applications, and discuss challenges and future prospects.
Design and experimental characterization of a bypass magnetorheological damper featuring variable stiffness and damping
Authors: Abdalaziz Moustafa , Vatandoost Hossein , Sedaghati Ramin , Rakheja Subhash
Published: January 2023

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers (MRFDs) with variable stiffness and variable damping capability (VSVD-MRFDs) have demonstrated excellent vibration mitigation performance. However, there are limited studies on the development of bypass VSVD-MRFDs which offer both higher dynamic range and output force, apart from simple maintenance and straightforward assembly. In this study, a novel large-capacity VSVD-MRFD with an annular-radial bypass MR valve, as opposed to the typical practice of implementing the valve within the traveling piston in the hydraulic cylinder of the MRFD, is proposed. The main contribution of the present work includes: (a) providing the conceptional design and experimental dynamic characterization of the proposed VSVD-MRFD; (b) investigating the feasibility of the proposed damper for realizing the VSVD characteristics under wide ranges of loading conditions. A test rig was, thus, designed to perform experimental characterization of the proposed VSVD-MRFD under wide ranges of mechanical loading and magnetic field conditions. A qualitative analysis including force-displacement, and force-velocity characteristics, together with a quantitative analysis including dynamic range, equivalent viscous and stiffness coefficients, were conducted as a function of loading frequency, displacement amplitude, and applied current. Results showed a maximum dynamic range and maximum output force of 4.5 and 7.8 kN, respectively. Also, the maximum relative increase in the equivalent viscous and stiffness coefficients were obtained, respectively, as 425% and 488%, when the applied current is increased from zero to 2 A. The results confirm the potential of the proposed VSVD-MRFD for applications in off-road suspension systems. The externally designed bypass MR valve permits a straightforward design modification for realizing wide scalability of damping force in different applications (e.g., off-road vehicle suspension systems).
Gate-voltage control of alternating-current-driven skyrmion propagation in ferromagnetic nanotrack devices
Authors: Cai Xin-Yi , Chen Zhi-Hua , Yang Hang-Xiao , He Xin-Yan , Chen Zhen-Zhen , Zhu Ming-Min , Qiu Yang , Yu Guo-Liang , Zhou Hao-Miao
Published: January 2023

Magnetic skyrmions, with topologically protected particle-like magnetization configurations, are promising information carriers for future spintronics devices with ultralow energy consumption. Generally, during motion, skyrmions suffer from the skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE) wherein the skyrmions deflect away from the intended path of the driving force. Numerous methods have been proposed to avoid this detrimental effect. In this study, we propose controllable alternating current (AC)-driven skyrmion propagation in a ferromagnetic nanowire based on combination of gate-voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) and SkHE. Micromagnetic simulations show that a skyrmion oscillatory closed-loop-like in situ motion driven by AC can be transformed into directional ratchet-like propagation along the nanotrack by creating a VCMA-gate barrier. Additionally, we show that the skyrmion propagation conditions depend on the gate barrier potential and driving AC parameters, and they can be used for the optimal design of nanotrack devices. Moreover, this mechanism could be used to control skyrmion macroscopic propagation directions by dynamically alternating the voltage of another series of gates. We further show the dynamic control of the long-distance propagation of skyrmions along with the pinning state. The study results provide a promising route for designing future skyrmion-based spintronics logical and memory devices.
Spin torque oscillator based on magnetic tunnel junction with MgO cap layer for radio-frequency-oriented neuromorphic computing
Authors: Tu 涂 Huayao 华垚 , Luo 雒 Yanxiang 雁翔 , Zeng 曾 Kexin 柯心 , Wu 吴 Yuxuan 宇轩 , Zhang 张 Like 黎可 , Zhang 张 Baoshun 宝顺 , Zeng 曾 Zhongming 中明
Published: January 2023

Recently, it has been proposed that spin torque oscillators (STOs) and spin torque diodes could be used as artificial neurons and synapses to directly process microwave signals, which could lower latency and power consumption greatly. However, one critical challenge is to make the microwave emission frequency of the STO stay constant with a varying input current. In this work, we study the microwave emission characteristics of STOs based on magnetic tunnel junction with MgO cap layer. By applying a small magnetic field, we realize the invariability of the microwave emission frequency of the STO, making it qualified to act as artificial neuron. Furthermore, we have simulated an artificial neural network using STO neuron to recognize the handwritten digits in the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology database, and obtained a high accuracy of 92.28%. Our work paves the way for the development of radio-frequency-oriented neuromorphic computing systems.
Model of radiant capillary heating and cooling system
Authors: Bolotin Kirill , Jakovics Andris , Telicko Jevgenijs
Published: January 2023

Paper is devoted to the development and verification of a tool for modeling and designing radiant-panel heating and cooling systems. Source of radiation is capillary mats, which consist of tubes through which water flows with a temperature of 18°C to 32°C, depending on the operating mode. The tool is an analytical model that takes into account the radiation from capillary mats located on the ceiling and walls, the mutual radiation of all surfaces in the room, including doors and windows, simplified convection, as well as third-party sources of thermal energy, such as the sun, electronics and people. The model was compared with a similar numerical model created in Comsol Multiphysics, and also verified by experimental data.
Ordinary gypsum plasterboard and Knauf Torro gypsum plasterboard bullet-proofing
Authors: Barone E , Vetra R , Gaujena B , Vilnitis M
Published: January 2023

Bullet-proof walls are recently attractive also outside of specialized areas with the most threat of attack. Nevertheless, an average wall cannot protect us from an intentional or stray bullet. Therefore, five stands were made of gypsum wall panels, ordinary plasterboard, and Knauf bullet-proof plasterboard, fired with two different calibers of weapons. The results were documented through photography. The test results show the ballistic resistance of enhanced materials, not ordinary plasterboard. The obtained results are compared with the technical information. The aim was to test whether plasterboard, the most used material in construction, is comparable to bullet-proof structures. These results will be used to complement the standard LVS 1061 “Gypsum boards and board systems. Design and use rules”, as well as for individual use in protection against external bullet threats or to prevent ricochets.
Morphology and mechanical properties of PAN nanofiber mat
Authors: Sanchaniya J V , Kanukuntla S
Published: January 2023

Nanofibers have acquired greater interest due to their vast variety of possible uses. Nanofibers offer several options to change things physically and chemically during or after the manufacturing process to give them new properties. To exploit the full potential of nanofibers, it is necessary to comprehend the link between the mechanical characteristics, particularly tensile strength, of a nanofiber mat and its morphology. Electrospinning is a rapidly developing polymer processing technology because it provides a simple and effective method for manufacturing nano continuous fibres. This method permits the deposition of nanofibers on revolving collectors. Rotating collectors, such as the drum and electrodes with a gap between them, may readily form oriented fibres. Polyacrylonitrile is a common precursor material for carbon nanofibers (PAN). This research investigates the impact of collector drum’s rotation speed on the morphology of the nanofiber mat and discusses the mechanical properties of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electro spun nanofiber mats with precisely aligned nanofibers. PAN nanofiber mats have more tensile strength (~37 %) than PA6 nanofiber mats and have (50 %) less elongation than PA6 nanofiber mats, according to a comparison with previous studies.
Influence of limestone filler on technological parameters of mixtures for 3D concrete printing
Authors: Joon Hillar , Hass Lauri , Peetrimägi Lauri
Published: January 2023

This paper focuses on the use of fine-ground limestone filler (LP) from Rakke Limestone production (R0) as SCM in 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) mixtures to partially replace OPC. Important technical aspects of the mixture, such as flowability, extrudability and buildability, are explored and investigated. To properly deploy 3DCP, two conflicting material qualities must be balanced. On one hand, the mix must be pumpable enough to be delivered by hose from the mixer to the nozzle, and on the other, after extrusion, the mix must retain its shape without any supporting formwork while bearing the load from succeeding filaments. In cooperation with MIRA Ehitusmaterjalid OÜ experimental mixtures with various OPC replacements were produced, which were printed on a gantry printer at Tallinn University of Applied Sciences. A comparison was made using industrial mixtures from Weber Saint-Gobain - Beamix 145-2 and ESL. LP has been found to enhance mix printability despite higher water requirement. This can be attributed to additional finely dispersed flocculation centres provided by LP additive. With the same, LP reduces buildability of the mixtures caused by slower yield stress growth and retarded stiffening.
Accelerating digital business growth in a green economy and environmental sustainability
Authors: Natorina A , Bavyko O , Bondarchuk M , Brahina O , Puchkova S
Published: January 2023

It is supposed to consider that the main focus of digital businesses in a green economy and environmental sustainability is the implementation of a relevant and capable strategy of accelerating growth that provides the management system flexibility, which obviously contributes to rapid adaptation to the external environment and guarantee effective realization of the business potential. It is created and visualized the constructive basis for determining the strategy of accelerating digital business growth in a green economy and environmental sustainability. It is conceptualized the model of the determination of the strategy of accelerating digital business growth in a green economy and environmental sustainability as well as interpreted its mechanism. It is developed the matrix of the strategies of accelerating digital business growth in a green economy and environmental sustainability. The approbation of methodological tools allowed retailers to strengthen their competitive advantages due to the ability to quickly respond to any entropic phenomena and, in turn, contributed to the increase of rapid progressive development of their digital business.
Poland’s energy security during the transformation process in comparison with the EU countries
Authors: Bluszcz A , Manowska A , Tobór-Osadnik K , Wyganowska M
Published: January 2023

This article concerns the assessment of the level of energy independence of European Union countries, including Poland, based on selected indicators, such as: the level of final energy consumption in a household per capita, GDP per capita, GDP energy consumption, net import dependency ratio (NID). The article shows that the energy sector, mostly based on the great extent of hard coal and lignite (77%) in Poland is because of the rich amount of these resources in the country which in result makes it more self-sufficient than most EU countries. The mining sector in Poland is a strategic branch of the national economy and determines the country’s energy security, but its continuous transformation is still necessary mostly due to the variable conditions of said industry and how closely related they are to the ecological aspects. The article also refers to the economic situation of the studied mining regions in Poland, which in recent years have shown a significant downward trend in economic dynamics.
Analysis and modification of the ventilation network of an underground tourist mining facility in order to make new workings accessible
Authors: Słota K
Published: January 2023

The attractiveness of tourist facilities is based, among other things, on the continuous expansion of their offer. In the case of the underground mining facility, this will involve making new workings available for tours. To this end, analyses were carried out on the existing ventilation network, a model of the network was made and adapted to the future situation. In order to ventilate the new excavations, a new fan station, and a large diameter borehole were designed. Phases Ia, Ib, II and III of the changes to the ventilation network with a view to opening up a new chamber are presented.
Safety document for excavations used for tourism and recreation in the aspect of the new geological and mining law - theory and practice
Authors: Słota Zbigniew
Published: January 2023

Underground tourist routes are an important element of natural or cultural heritage. The primary document applicable to mining is the Law of June 9, 2011. Geological and Mining Law. The article presents the concept of a “safety document” in the aspect of the pending amendments to the Geological and Mining Law. Through these actions, Entities using or planning to use mine workings for tourism and recreation purposes were given guidelines and instructions on the correct construction, taking into account all the necessary elements, for the development of a comprehensive safety document for underground workings used for tourism and recreation purposes.
Learning curves for the multi-class teacher–student perceptron
Authors: Cornacchia Elisabetta , Mignacco Francesca , Veiga Rodrigo , Gerbelot Cédric , Loureiro Bruno , Zdeborová Lenka
Published: January 2023

One of the most classical results in high-dimensional learning theory provides a closed-form expression for the generalisation error of binary classification with a single-layer teacher–student perceptron on i.i.d. Gaussian inputs. Both Bayes-optimal (BO) estimation and empirical risk minimisation (ERM) were extensively analysed in this setting. At the same time, a considerable part of modern machine learning practice concerns multi-class classification. Yet, an analogous analysis for the multi-class teacher–student perceptron was missing. In this manuscript we fill this gap by deriving and evaluating asymptotic expressions for the BO and ERM generalisation errors in the high-dimensional regime. For Gaussian teacher, we investigate the performance of ERM with both cross-entropy and square losses, and explore the role of ridge regularisation in approaching Bayes-optimality. In particular, we observe that regularised cross-entropy minimisation yields close-to-optimal accuracy. Instead, for Rademacher teacher we show that a first-order phase transition arises in the BO performance.
Categorical representation learning and RG flow operators for algorithmic classifiers
Authors: Sheshmani Artan , You Yi-Zhuang , Fu Wenbo , Azizi Ahmadreza
Published: January 2023

Following the earlier formalism of the categorical representation learning, we discuss the construction of the ‘RG-flow-based categorifier’. Borrowing ideas from the theory of renormalization group (RG) flows in quantum field theory, holographic duality, and hyperbolic geometry and combining them with neural ordinary differential equation techniques, we construct a new algorithmic natural language processing architecture, called the RG-flow categorifier or for short the RG categorifier, which is capable of data classification and generation in all layers. We apply our algorithmic platform to biomedical data sets and show its performance in the field of sequence-to-function mapping. In particular, we apply the RG categorifier to particular genomic sequences of flu viruses and show how our technology is capable of extracting the information from given genomic sequences, finding their hidden symmetries and dominant features, classifying them, and using the trained data to make a stochastic prediction of new plausible generated sequences associated with a new set of viruses which could avoid the human immune system.
On real-valued homogeneous polynomials with many variables
Authors: Raposo Jr. Anselmo , Teixeira Katiuscia
Published: January 2023

We prove that the optimal constants in the classical Bohnenblust–Hille inequality for real-valued

m
m

-homogeneous polynomials,

C

m

C_{m}

, satisfy

lim

m
→
∞

C

m

1

/

m

=
2

\lim _{m\rightarrow \infty }C_{m}^{1/m}=2

, independently of dimension.
When Hay Was King
Authors: Ron Ariel
Published: January 2023

Hay was a linchpin of the early industrial energy regime. It was the primary fodder for working horses, who became more rather than less important over the 1800s. Though largely ignored by historians, hay was of comparable value to cotton and wheat in the nineteenth-century United States. The crop’s historiographical invisibility is partly due to its relatively informal and decidedly subglobal production and exchange patterns. Whereas cotton and wheat exports passed through customhouses and institutionalized exchanges that carefully recorded trade volumes, hay was almost never exported and often underwent no market transaction at all, instead being used as an intermediate good on farms. Only when the US federal government added a detailed agricultural census in 1850 did the magnitude and importance of hay production become publicly legible. At that point, hay was drafted into a wide-ranging debate about economic development between Northern antislavery nationalists and Southern proslavery free traders, with “King Hay” emerging as a foil for “King Cotton.” King Hay thus urges historians to pay more attention to the trade patterns, developmental policies, and economic ideologies that generated distinctly national, as opposed to global, economic spaces within nineteenth-century capitalism.
HelixGAN a deep-learning methodology for conditional de novo design of α-helix structures
Authors: Xie Xuezhi , Valiente Pedro A , Kim Philip M
Published: January 2023

Motivation

Protein and peptide engineering has become an essential field in biomedicine with therapeutics, diagnostics and synthetic biology applications. Helices are both abundant structural feature in proteins and comprise a major portion of bioactive peptides. Precise design of helices for binding or biological activity is still a challenging problem.

Results

Here, we present HelixGAN, the first generative adversarial network method to generate de novo left-handed and right-handed alpha-helix structures from scratch at an atomic level. We developed a gradient-based search approach in latent space to optimize the generation of novel α-helical structures by matching the exact conformations of selected hotspot residues. The designed α-helical structures can bind specific targets or activate cellular receptors. There is a significant agreement between the helix structures generated with HelixGAN and PEP-FOLD, a well-known de novo approach for predicting peptide structures from amino acid sequences. HelixGAN outperformed RosettaDesign, and our previously developed structural similarity method to generate D-peptides matching a set of given hotspots in a known L-peptide. As proof of concept, we designed a novel D-GLP1_1 analog that matches the conformations of critical hotspots for the GLP1 function. MD simulations revealed a stable binding mode of the D-GLP1_1 analog coupled to the GLP1 receptor. This novel D-peptide analog is more stable than our previous D-GLP1 design along the MD simulations. We envision HelixGAN as a critical tool for designing novel bioactive peptides with specific properties in the early stages of drug discovery.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/xxiexuezhi/helix_gan.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The impact of atrial fibrillation on prognosis in aortic stenosis
Authors: Laenens Dorien , Stassen Jan , Galloo Xavier , Ewe See Hooi , Singh Gurpreet K , Ammanullah Mohammed R , Hirasawa Kensuke , Sia Ching-Hui , Butcher Steele C , Chew Nicholas W S , Kong William K F , Poh Kian Keong , Ding Zee P , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Bax Jeroen J
Published: January 2023

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and aortic stenosis (AS) are both highly prevalent and often coexist. Various studies have focused on the prognostic value of AF in patients with AS, but rarely considered left ventricular (LV) diastolic function as a prognostic factor.

Objective

To evaluate the prognostic impact of AF in patients with AS while correcting for LV diastolic function.

Methods

Patients with first diagnosis of significant AS were selected and stratified according to history of AF. The endpoint was all-cause mortality.

Results

In total, 2849 patients with significant AS (mean age 72 ± 12 years, 54.8% men) were evaluated, and 686 (24.1%) had a history of AF. During a median follow-up of 60 (30–97) months, 1182 (41.5%) patients died. Ten-year mortality rate in patients with AF was 46.8% compared to 36.8% in patients with sinus rhythm (SR) (log-rank P < 0.001). On univariable (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.25–1.62; P < 0.001) and multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02–1.38; P = 0.026), AF was independently associated with mortality. However, when correcting for indexed left atrial volume, E/e’ or both, AF was no longer independently associated with all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

Patients with significant AS and AF have a reduced survival as compared to patients with SR. Nonetheless, when correcting for markers of LV diastolic function, AF was not independently associated with outcomes in patients with significant AS.
Other markers of medullary thyroid cancer, not only calcitonin
Authors: Censi Simona , Manso Jacopo , Mian Caterina
Published: January 2023

Background

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from parafollicular C-cells. It represents 2% of all thyroid malignancies and 0.4-1.4% of all thyroid nodules. MTC has a variable clinical course, with complete remission often difficult to achieve. An early diagnosis is still crucial in MTC management, enabling a radical surgical treatment, the only chance for curing the patient. Calcitonin (Ct) is a very sensitive MTC tumor marker in patients with thyroid nodules, although Ct-negative MTCs have been described, but not all clinical guidelines recommend the Ct routine measurement in thyroid nodules because of the absolute low prevalence of MTC in the general population and the consequent scarce positive predictive value of Ct. Moreover, the specificity of moderately high Ct levels is not high. Thus, the scientific community has been investigating the possible role of other tumor markers for MTC diagnosis and prognosis.

Aim of the review

The present review is an attempt to summarize the knowledge available today on the role of other serum markers for MTC alternative to Ct.

Conclusions

At present, literature data does not seem solid enough yet to establish effective flowcharts in evaluating a thyroid nodule for MTC, involving alternative serum markers, particularly in cases of moderately high CT levels. MTC is a rare diagnosis in thyroid nodules, and this makes the evaluation of any tumor serum marker accuracy problematic. More extensive and prospective studies are needed to shed more light on this intriguing challenge.
Hygiene may attenuate selection for antibiotic resistance by changing microbial community structure
Authors: Aspenberg Magnus , Maad Sasane Sara , Nilsson Fredrik , Brown Sam P , Wollein Waldetoft Kristofer
Published: January 2023

Good hygiene, in both health care and the community, is central to containing the rise of antibiotic resistance, as well as to infection control more generally. But despite the well-known importance, the ecological mechanisms by which hygiene (or other transmission control measures) affect the evolution of resistance remain to be elucidated. Using metacommunity ecology theory, we here propose that hygiene attenuates the effect of antibiotic selection pressure. Specifically, we predict that hygiene limits the scope for antibiotics to induce competitive release of resistant bacteria within treated hosts, and that this is due to an effect of hygiene on the distribution of resistant and sensitive strains in the host population. We show this in a mathematical model of bacterial metacommunity dynamics, and test the results against data on antibiotic resistance, antibiotic treatment, and the use of alcohol-based hand rub in long-term care facilities. The data are consistent with hand rub use attenuating the resistance promoting effect of antibiotic treatment. Our results underscore the importance of hygiene, and point to a concrete way to weaken the link between antibiotic use and increasing resistance.
Combining European and U.S. risk prediction models with polygenic risk scores to refine cardiovascular prevention: the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus Study
Authors: de La Harpe Roxane , Thorball Christian W , Redin Claire , Fournier Stephane , Müller Olivier , Strambo Davide , Michel Patrik , Vollenweider Peter , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Fellay Jacques , Vaucher Julien
Published: January 2023

Aims

A polygenic risk score (PRS) has the potential to improve individual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment. To determine whether a PRS combined with two clinical risk scores, the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) and the Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE) improves the prediction of ASCVD.

Methods and results

Using a population-based European prospective cohort, with 6733 participants at the baseline (2003–2006), the PRS presenting the best predictive accuracy was combined with SCORE2 and PCE to assess their joint performances for predicting ASCVD Discrimination, calibration, Cox proportional hazard regression, and net reclassification index were assessed. : 4218 subjects (53% women; median age, 53.4 years), with 363 prevalent and incident ASCVD, were used to compare four PRSs. The metaGRS_CAD PRS presented the best predictive capacity (AUROC = 0.77) and was used in the following analyses. 3383 subjects (median follow-up of 14.4 years), with 190 first-incident ASCVD, were employed to test ASCVD risk prediction. The changes in C statistic between SCORE2 and PCE models and those combining metaGRS_CAD with SCORE2 and PCE were 0.008 (95% CI, −0.00008–0.02, P = 0.05) and 0.007 (95% CI, 0.005–0.01, P = 0.03), respectively. Reclassification was improved for people at clinically determined intermediate-risk for both clinical scores [NRI of 9.6% (95% CI, 0.3–18.8) and 12.0% (95% CI, 1.5–22.6) for SCORE2 and PCE, respectively].

Conclusion

Combining a PRS with clinical risk scores significantly improved the reclassification of risk for incident ASCVD for subjects in the clinically determined intermediate-risk category. Introducing PRSs in clinical practice may refine cardiovascular prevention for subgroups of patients in whom prevention strategies are uncertain.
Domains of Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Function: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, 1999/2000 to 2006/2007
Authors: Major Laura , Simonsick Eleanor M , Napolitano Melissa A , DiPietro Loretta
Published: January 2023

Background

This study examines the relationship between various domains of sedentary behavior and subsequent cognitive function to evaluate whether different sedentary activities have specific associations with future cognitive performance.

Methods

Data were from 1 261 older adults participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study between 1999/2000 and 2006/2007. Total sitting time (hours/day), reading time (hours/week), and TV time (≤27/≥28 h/wk) were self-reported at baseline and 3 years later. At follow-up, cognitive function was evaluated using the Teng Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Multivariable linear regression modeling examined the independent associations of baseline sedentary behaviors and 3-year change in those behaviors with cognitive function scores at follow-up, adjusting for important covariables.

Results

Baseline total sitting time was positively associated with 3MS (β = 0.14 ± 0.07; p < .05) and DSST (β = 0.20 ± 0.10; p < .05) scores at follow-up, as was reading time (β = 0.09 ± 0.03; p < .05 for 3MS score and β = 0.14 ± 0.04; p < 0.01 for DSST score). Participants who increased their TV watching time over 3 years had a significantly lower 3MS score (β = −1.45 ± 0.71; p < .05) at follow-up, compared with those who maintained a low level of TV time (referent). These findings were independent of age, sex, race, education level, health status, depressive symptoms, and physical activity.

Conclusion

Some types of sedentary behavior may have benefits for cognitive function in older age, thus highlighting the importance of measuring different domains of sitting time.
Open and reusable annotated mass spectrometry dataset of a chemodiverse collection of 1,600 plant extracts
Authors: Allard Pierre-Marie , Gaudry Arnaud , Quirós-Guerrero Luis-Manuel , Rutz Adriano , Dounoue-Kubo Miwa , Walker Tom W N , Defossez Emmanuel , Long Christophe , Grondin Antonio , David Bruno , Wolfender Jean-Luc
Published: January 2023

As privileged structures, natural products often display potent biological activities. However, the discovery of novel bioactive scaffolds is often hampered by the chemical complexity of the biological matrices they are found in. Large natural extract collections are thus extremely valuable for their chemical novelty potential but also complicated to exploit in the frame of drug-discovery projects. In the end, it is the pure chemical substances that are desired for structural determination purposes and bioactivity evaluation. Researchers interested in the exploration of large and chemodiverse extract collections should thus establish strategies aiming to efficiently tackle such chemical complexity and access these structures. Establishing carefully crafted digital layers documenting the spectral and chemical complexity as well as bioactivity results of natural extracts collections can help prioritize time-consuming but mandatory isolation efforts. In this note, we report the results of our initial exploration of a collection of 1,600 plant extracts in the frame of a drug-discovery effort. After describing the taxonomic coverage of this collection, we present the results of its liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometric profiling and the exploitation of these profiles using computational solutions. The resulting annotated mass spectral dataset and associated chemical and taxonomic metadata are made available to the community, and data reuse cases are proposed. We are currently continuing our exploration of this plant extract collection for drug-discovery purposes (notably looking for novel antitrypanosomatids, anti-infective and prometabolic compounds) and ecometabolomics insights. We believe that such a dataset can be exploited and reused by researchers interested in computational natural products exploration.
The temporal value of local scientific expertise
Authors: Feldman Maryann P , Dibiaggio Ludovic , Tran Tan
Published: January 2023

Inventors located in a vibrant scientific community enjoy faster access to relevant publications. The key role of the local scientific community is to provide access to global knowledge and not necessarily to feed the colocated inventors with direct inputs. We develop the logic for these effects and provide empirical tests using dyads of publication and patent data. We develop a model that links scientific knowledge, codified through publication, to industry’s inventive activity. Our analysis includes three key steps. First, we characterize the knowledge profile of local expertise for French NUTS3 jurisdictions. Second, we match scientific publications to industrial patents to consider the specific scientific knowledge useful to industrial invention. Finally, we examine the extent to which the presence of a local related scientific knowledge base provides utility for local inventions. Specifically, we consider the ability of local inventions to more rapidly avail themselves of scientific knowledge when located in a munificent location. We find that location reduces the timing to access to relevant worldwide publications by almost 1 year. Thus, colocation with scientific experts provides inventors a timing advantage by allowing earlier exploitation of recent global scientific discoveries.
CFD modeling of a horizontal wind turbine by utilizing solar nozzle for power production
Authors: AL-bonsrulah Hussein A Z , Danook Suad Hassan , Alshukri Mohammed J , Ahmed Ali Mahmood , Raja Vijayanandh , Veeman Dhinakaran , Al-Bahrani Mohammed
Published: January 2023

In this study, utilizing air velocity by converting wind kinetic energy into mechanical energy due to the converging area, has been numerically studied by proposing a 3D novel model and using ANSYS Fluent 19 software. Solar radiation by using the radiation model (S2S) has been considered to benefit from the heat energy to be converted into kinetic energy of the flow. Ultimate dimensions were calculated for the proposed nozzle is made of glass material. The study concentrates on the utilization of solar nozzles and their effect on wind energy. This study focused on and attempted to increase the local wind velocity (1 m/s) in Kirkuk city in Iraq, to a higher velocity that could produce a large amount of kinetic energy which is then converted to generate power. Hence, increasing the efficiency of the plant. Results showed that wind velocity increases as the heat gain increases and the area decreased. The velocity at the converging position without including the solar radiation model reached about (15.1 m/s), while in the case of enabling the solar radiation, it showed a value of (15.75 m/s). As a result, the power produced from this proposed method has increased by a value of 74 W.
Better antimicrobial resistance data analysis and reporting in less time
Authors: Luz Christian F , Berends Matthijs S , Zhou Xuewei , Lokate Mariëtte , Friedrich Alex W , Sinha Bhanu , Glasner Corinna
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Insights about local antimicrobial resistance (AMR) levels and epidemiology are essential to guide decision-making processes in antimicrobial use. However, dedicated tools for reliable and reproducible AMR data analysis and reporting are often lacking. We aimed to compare traditional data analysis and reporting versus a new approach for reliable and reproducible AMR data analysis in a clinical setting.

Methods

Ten professionals who routinely work with AMR data were provided with blood culture test results including antimicrobial susceptibility results. Participants were asked to perform a detailed AMR data analysis in a two-round process: first using their software of choice and next using our newly developed software tool. Accuracy of the results and time spent were compared between both rounds. Finally, participants rated the usability using the System Usability Scale (SUS).

Results

The mean time spent on creating the AMR report reduced from 93.7 to 22.4 min (P < 0.001). Average task completion per round changed from 56% to 96% (P < 0.05). The proportion of correct answers in the available results increased from 37.9% in the first to 97.9% in the second round (P < 0.001). Usability of the new tools was rated with a median of 83.8 (out of 100) on the SUS.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the significant improvement in efficiency and accuracy in standard AMR data analysis and reporting workflows through open-source software. Integrating these tools in clinical settings can democratize the access to fast and reliable insights about local microbial epidemiology and associated AMR levels. Thereby, our approach can support evidence-based decision-making processes in the use of antimicrobials.
Lithology discrimination based on direct inversion of Poisson impedance for deep tight-sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Ji Lixiang , Zong Zhaoyun
Published: January 2023

Lithology discrimination plays an important role in characterizing deep-hydrocarbon reservoirs, particularly for tight sandstones with special petrophysical properties. Stable prediction of lithological-sensitive parameters for deep tight sandstones is a significant challenge. In this paper, a direct inversion method of elastic impedance is developed to estimate lithological-sensitive parameters from pre-stack seismic data to improve the stability of the inversion. Elastic and physical parameter models extracted from actual wells are used to analyze the influence of petrophysical parameters on amplitude variation with offset characteristics. Cross-plots and sensitivity analysis of elastic parameters illustrate that the elastic-sensitive parameter Poisson impedance (PI) can distinguish gas-bearing sandstone and abnormal limestone in deep tight-sandstone reservoirs. In addition, a pragmatic elastic impedance direct inversion under the framework of Bayesian theory is implemented for the lithology indicator PI from pre-stack seismic data. And the Cauchy regularization and low-frequency regularization constraints are used to construct the objective function for improving the robustness of inversion. Field data examples show that the inversion results are in good agreement with the well logging interpretation results, and validate the feasibility and stability of the proposed method in the estimation of inverted parameters. Finally, we can conclude that this method has great application potential in the lithology discrimination of deep tight-sandstone reservoirs.
Effects of clay types and fractions on elastic properties of artificial clay-bearing sandstones: an experimental study
Authors: Li Kuizhou , Han Xuehui , Zhang Hao , Fang Tao , Luo Xingping , Nie Junguang
Published: January 2023

Experimentally understanding the effects of clay type and fraction on the elastic properties of clay-bearing sandstone is crucial for exploring hydrocarbon reservoirs. Therefore, we artificially synthesized a series of pure clay rocks and clay-bearing sandstones with different clay types and fractions, and conducted the ultrasonic measurements to investigate the elastic behaviors. According to experiments on pure clay rocks, illite rocks have the highest porosity, followed by montmorillonite rocks and chlorite rocks. In terms of elastic properties, illite rocks show the highest ultrasonic P- and S-wave velocities, followed by chlorite rocks and montmorillonite rocks. For clay-bearing sandstones, the measured results indicate that clay types and fractions significantly influence both the physical and elastic properties. Specifically, the porosity of chlorite-bearing sandstone is systematically lower than that of illite-bearing and montmorillonite-bearing sandstone. The chlorite-bearing sandstone has the highest P- and S-wave velocities, followed by illite-bearing and montmorillonite-bearing sandstone. Moreover, the clay fraction also affects porosity–velocity trends. The porosity first falls and then increases as the clay fraction rises, while the P- and S-wave velocities first rise and then fall and, in turn the turning point occurs at the ∼30% clay fraction. The potential mechanism of the turning point is analyzed based on the microscopic distribution of clay and sandstone. Additionally, the clay fraction and distribution also affect the electrical conductivity and permeability of the clay-bearing sandstone, implies that the clay types, clay fraction and clay distribution are non-negligible factors in reservoir evaluation.
Syringocystadenoma papilliferum in a 20-year-old adult: a case report and literature review
Authors: Candrawinata Valeska Siulinda , Koerniawan Heru Sutanto , Prasetiyo Patricia Diana , Baskoro Bernard Agung
Published: January 2023

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum is a rare, benign hamartomatous neoplasm of skin adnexal originating from pluripotent cells differentiating into either apocrine or eccrine sweat glands. It usually appears at birth, during infancy or puberty and commonly located at head and neck. This case report illustrates a rare occurrence at an atypical anatomical location and unusual onset. In this case report, we report a 20-year-old female with a chief complain of solitary pink-brown color fleshy plaque with soft-medium consistency on her left flank region since the last 7 months. She underwent complete surgical excision and histopathology examination, which confirmed the diagnosis as syringocystadenoma papilliferum without sign of malignancy, with main characteristics histologically include cystic invaginations from the epidermis lined by double layers of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Despite having benign characteristics, rare transformations to malignancy have been reported. Therefore, complete surgical excision and histopathology examination should be done in suspicion of syringocystadenoma papilliferum.
A rare case of left parapharyngeal space large schwannoma of unknown origin
Authors: Rais Mohammed Amir , Naouri Yahia , Awad Ahmed K
Published: January 2023

Schwannoma, also called neurilemmoma, is a rare neurogenic tumor exclusively benign that develops from a variety of glial nerve cells called Schwann cells. We present a 26-year-old female patient who was admitted with a history of dysphagia, headache and swelling going from the lower limit of the ear to the floor of the neck on the left side, which has been slowly progressing for 5 years. Upon local clinical examination, a well-defined mass was revealed, 6 × 5 cm in size, non-painful spontaneously, painful on direct palpation of the left neck. Computed tomography scan has shown a well-circumscribed large mass with heterogenous areas of enhancement in the left parapharyngeal space displacing the submandibular gland superiorly and the carotid sheath anterolaterally and compressing the oropharyngeal airway. Excision of the tumor was done by a combined route without post-operative complications noted. Histopathological examination revealed a benign schwannoma without the identification of the nerve of origin.
Emphysematous cholecystitis in a patient with porcelain gallbladder
Authors: Vera Vithya , Sharma Abhimanyu , Townson Adam T , Azeem Qasim , Malam Yogeshkumar , Mathews John
Published: January 2023

Our case uniquely presents a patient with two rare gallbladder disease entities occurring simultaneously. The patient presented to hospital with abdominal pain and was subsequently diagnosed with emphysematous cholecystitis and porcelain gallbladder. After initial conservative management failed, cholecystectomy was performed, and the patient recovered well post-operatively and was discharged home.