bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amniotic immunoreactive trypsin in pregnancies with normal and pathological outcomes
Authors: Laroche Dominique , Herlicoviez Michel , Pasquet Catherine , Travert Georges , Fernandez Yvon
Published: November 2007

Immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) has been studied in amniotic fluid as a possible complementary test substance for the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). 219 normal amniotic fluids have been tested in order to establish the normal ranges from 14 to 40 gestational weeks (g.w.). The IRT level increases from g.w. 14 to 19, remains stable from g.w. 19 to 25 and then decreases rapidly to low levels. A retrospective study of 4 presumed CF fluids, as determined by abnormal alkaline phosphatase levels, showed decreased IRT values in 3 out of 4 fluids. The difference between the mean value and the normal mean was not significant. The prospective study allowed us to test 2 fluids from pregnancies affected by meconium ileus. IRT level was highly elevated, 530 times the normal mean value at g.w. 34 for a non‐CF fetus and 18 times the normal mean value for a CF fetus at g.w. 31. In 4 out of 5 cases of fetal severe intra‐uterine growth retardation, IRT levels appeared mildly elevated. Other abnormalities are reviewed.
Decidual prolactin content and secretion at term: Correlations with the clinical data
Authors: Andersen Jesper Rye , Borggaard Birgit , Olsen Elith Bjarne , Stimpel Hans , Nyholm Henrik Christian , Schroeder Erik
Published: November 2007

This study was conducted to describe the distributions of the initial decidual PRL content (D‐PRL) and the decidual PRL secretion (D‐PRL‐s) in vitro at term and to ascertain whether the clinical data might influence these decidual PRL measures and their correlation with the amniotic fluid PRL concentration (A‐PRL). Decidual tissue was obtained after 134 normal pregnancies at term. D‐PRL and D‐PRL‐s into the medium after an 8 h incubation were determined. The distributions of D‐PRL and D‐PRL‐s were skewed to the right. A logarithmic transformation generated symmetric distibutions. Eight women who were delivered by vacuum extraction due to intra‐uterine asphyxia had D‐PRL values similar those in normal vaginal parturition, whereas D‐PRL‐s values were significantly reduced (p < 0.02). No significant difference (p>0.05) was found in the decidual PRL measures in the vaginal deliveries between those receiving labor stimulating medication and those without, or between women who gave birth vaginally and women undergoing elective cesarean section. Stepwise multiple regression analyses of data obtained from 30 women who gave birth after uncomplicated or various pathological pregnancies showed logarithmically transformed A‐PRL to be closely correlated with D‐PRL, and these correlations were improved by including the week of gestation as a second step (p < 0.00001). After normal pregnancy, D‐PRL‐s was significantly correlated with D‐PRL (p < 0.01), and D‐PRL was correlated with the week of gestation (p < 0.05). None of the remaining clinical data improved the correlations. The results indicate that a logarithmic transformation is appropriate when evaluating D‐PRL and D‐PRL‐s at term and that special attention should be paid to the differences in week of gestation and deliveries complicated with intra‐uterine as Dhvxia.
Uniform presentation of data concerning cesarean sections
Authors: Jakobi Peter , Weissman Amir , Paldi Eitan
Published: November 2007

Many studies concerning the various aspects of cesarean section have recently appeared in the literature. The important issues are the changing indications for the operation and the different management protocols in trial of labor following a previous cesarean section. As the different authors use different ways of presenting their results, comparison of these studies is a complex matter and the conclusions are sometimes misleading. It is proposed that the data presented should be more uniformly used, according to the principles presented in this study.
Nodular malignant lymphoma presenting as bilateral adnexal masses
Authors: Cohen I. , Fejgin M. , Ben‐Nun I. , Manor J. , Siegal A. , Ben‐Aderet N.
Published: November 2007

A case of nodular malignant lymphoma, small cleaved cell in both ovaries, tubes and peritubal tissue is reported in a 55‐year‐old nulliparous woman with primary clinical symptoms of dyspnea and chest pain. The disease was first diagnosed at laparotomy. The patient was treated by bilateral adnexectomy and chemotherapy. This is the third case of ad‐nexal small cleaved cell nodular lymphoma reported in the literature. Clinical and pathological aspects of this relatively rare pathological entity are reviewed.
Sonography of umbilical cord hematoma following genetic amniocentesis
Authors: Morin Luc R. M. , Bonan Jacques , Vendrolini GÉRard , Bourgeois Catherine
Published: November 2007

A case of umbilical cord hematoma, following genetic amniocentesis, is reported. Spontaneous resorption of the hematoma was observed at sonography. A normal infant was born vaginally at term.
Breech Delivery
Authors: øian Pål , Skråmm Inge , Hannisdal Einar , Bjøro Knut
Published: November 2007

Fivehundred and eighty consecutive breech births during the period 1972–79 were analvsed for factors associated with neonatal mortality. The overall neonatal mortality in breech deliveries in this series of cases was 4.1%. Multivariate analyses (logistic regression) selected only 4 of 56 variables tested as significant (p > 0.05) risk factors for neonatal death. The overall most important risk factor was low birth weight (p > 0.0001). In addition, diabetes in the mother, malformations, and Apgar score 5 min > 7 increased the risk of neonatal death. Cesarean section was carried out in 8.1% during the period 1972–75, but increased to 32.6% from 1976‐79 without any reduction in neonatal mortality. Neonatal mortality figures were not significantly improved for infant delivered by cesarean section compared with those born vaginally.
Twin Pregnancy and the Effects of Prophylactic Leave of Absence on Pregnancy Duration and Birth Weight
Authors: Rydhström Håkan
Published: November 2007

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of taking prophylactic leave of absence from work during a twin pregnancy. Pregnancy outcome for 78 women who were prescribed prophylactic leave of absence from work to prevent preterm delivery was compared with a group of 78 twin‐pregnant controls who did not take prophylactic leave. Gestational duration and birth weight did not differ between the two groups. The results indicate that prophylactic leave of absence from work did not improve the outcome of a twin pregnancy.
Duration of Labor: An analysis of influencing factors
Authors: Nesheim Britt‐Ingjerd
Published: November 2007

Abstract. 9703 labors at Akershus Central Hospital during the period 1979 to 1984 were analysed to see which factors influenced the duration of labor. Median duration was 8.2 h for nulliparas, 5.3 h for multiparas. Parity greater than one had no influence on duration. Induced labors were 1.9 h (nulliparas) and 1.4 h (multiparas) shorter than those with spontaneous onset. Stepwise linear regression showed that duration of labor was positively correlated with the weight of the infant, duration of pregnancy, weight gain and prepregnant weight. It was negatively correlated with mother's height. Mother's age did not influence duration of labor. Occiput posterior presentation and extensions of the head prolonged labor in nulliparas, but not in multiparas, while breech presentation had no influence.
Abortion Risk and Pregnancy Interval
Authors: Vlaanderen W. , Fabriek L. M. , van Tuyll van Serooskerken C.
Published: November 2007

Abstract. In a group of 187 women, the result of the next pregnancy following a spontaneous first‐trimester abortion was studied, in relation to the interval between the two pregnancies. Conception within 3 months of the abortion gave no greater risk for another abortion than did conception after a longer interval (9/56 = 16% vs. 24/131 = 18%).
Detection Of Abnormal Cervical Smears: A Comparative Study
Authors: Pistofides G. A. , Brown E. R. , Harris V. G. , Grainger J. M. , Spring J. E. , Carr J. V. L. , Chapman M. G.
Published: November 2007

Abstract. The inefficiency of the Ayres Spatula in detecting abnormality in cervical cytology has been demonstrated recently in a number of trials In a randomized single‐blind trial we have compared the Multispatula with the Ayres Spatula in a group of 158 women who previously had abnormal smears and had been referred to colposcopy clinics in the Lewisham and North Southwark Health Authority of London The quality of the smears, as assessed by the presence or absence of endocervical cells, revealed that the Multispatula (873% pickup) produced significantly better smears (p> 0;005) compared with the Ayres Spatula (544% pick‐up) In 149 smears collected with the Multispatula, atypia was confirmed However, in only 129 smears taken with the Ayres Spatula were abnormal smears detected (p decreases less than 0.005) We concluded that the Multispatula produces a better quality smear which results in a decreased false negative rate in comparison with the Ayres Spatula.
Mothering Problems and Child Morbidity Amongst “Mothers with Emotional Disturbances”
Authors: Nordström U. Lennart , Dallas Jean H. , Morton Hugh G. , Patel Naren B.
Published: November 2007

Abstract. In a study of 1,955 primigravidae who gave birth to a live singleton baby, 227 (11.6%) scored ‘positive’ 17 +) in an antenatal Health Questionnaire enquiring into pre‐pregnancy emotional disturbances. This group of mothers had more frequent depression, and this was of longer duration after their delivery compared with those scoring less than 7 (≤6). Those scoring 7+ were less likely to breast‐feed and the infants were more often ill during the first year of life. There were also differences in ‘minor obstetric complications’ between the two survey groups. This suggests that the application of this Health Questionnaire antenatally can identify emotionally vulnerable women, who could benefit from support and education during the antenatal period.
Cystic Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary
Authors: Spaun E. , Glavind K.
Published: November 2007

Abstract. Sex cord‐stromal tumors comprise approximately 5% of ovarian neoplasms and among these the granulosa cell tumor is the one most commonly seen (1).

Two histopathologically well defined patterns of granulosa cell tumor are known: the common adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT), and the less frequent juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) (1,2,3,4).

In addition to morphological variation, the two tumor types differ in prognosis and clinical course (4,5,6,7,8).
DOMICILIARY FETAL MONITORING VIA TELEPHONE
Authors: Feijen Hans L.M.
Published: November 2007

Abstract. A cardiotocograph with autocorrelation system, a simple telephone amplifier, a telephone handset with adjustable speaker volume and an adapted portable ultrasonic fetal heart detector can form a simple but effective system for long distance telemetry of the fetal heart rate from patients’ homes using public telephone network. Especially the combination of supervision and direct communication with the patient during registration reduces the loss of signal to a minimum (4%), resulting in a high percentage of correctly transmitted fetal cardiograms.
PERINATAL PROGESTERONE IN MATERNAL‐FETOPLACENTAL SYSTEM DURING MATURE AND PREMATURE DELIVERIES
Authors: Hercz P. , Ungár L. , Siklós P.
Published: November 2007

Abstract. The role of the maternal‐fetoplacental hormonal system in the maintenance of pregnancy and in the onset of labor was studied by meaiuring the serum progesterone level in the maternal vein, the umbilical vein and artery at term (n = 34) and in the case of premature births (n = 74). Our results show: 1) During the 28th–40th weeks the serum progesterone concentration in the umbilical vein is greater than in the maternal vein (p >0.01) and in the umbilical artery (p >0.01), and greater in the umbilical artery then in the maternal vein (p>0.01). 2) No correlation was found between the serum progesterone concentration in the maternal and fetal vessels, whereas a close correlation was found between the serum concentration in the umbilical vein and artery. 3) The progesterone concentration of the maternal serum increased during the 28th–40th weeks, but increased only during 28th–36th week in the umbilical vein and artery and fell significant by the 40th week. From this it appears that the maternal and the fetal progesterone concentrations are interdependent. The progesterone concentration of the umbilical vessels falls before term but it is not an essential factor in the onset of labor.
OOCYTE RETRIEVAL IN AN IVF PROGRAM
Authors: Tanbo Tom , Henriksen Tore , Magnus øystein , Abyholm Thomas
Published: November 2007

Abstract. From 1 April 1986 to 20 May 1987, 160 oocyte retrievals were performed in our IVF program. 80 oocyte retrievals were done by laparoscopy under general anaesthesia and 80 under light sedation and local analgesia using transvaginal ultrasound guided follicle puncture. More oocytes were recovered with the ultrasound procedure than with laparoscopy, 616 versus 478. The fertilization rate was higher when the oocytes were collected with the ultrasound procedure, vis‐a‐vis laparoscopy, 70.6% versus 59.6%. The number of embryos transferred was greater in the former than in the latter group, 300 versus 182. There were 13 clinical pregnancies in the laparoscopy group versus 17 in the ultrasound group. There were no serious complications in either group. Transvaginal ultrasound guided follicle aspiration is a safe and simple procedure.
LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN BLOOD VISCOSITY ARE CORRELATED WITH FETAL OUTCOME
Authors: Zondervan H. A. , Oosting J. , Smorenberg‐Schoorl M. E. , Treffers P. E.
Published: November 2007

Abstract. The importance of longitudinal changes in maternal Whole Blood Viscosity (WBV) for fetal well‐being was investigated. Consecutive WBV data were available, obtained from 44 pregnancies before 36 0/7 weeks. An increase in WBV was found to be associated with an unfavorable fetal outcome. This result might be considered as clinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that maternal WBV contains information on the efficacy of placental perfusion.
HETEROTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Gorodeski Israel G. , Shapira Amos , Bahary Charles M.
Published: November 2007

Abstract. Three cases of heterotopic pregnancy, i. e. combined intra‐uterine and extra‐uterine pregnancy are reported. The complexities of diagnosis and management are presented.
NORMAL PLACENTAL FUNCTION AND FETOPLACENTAL BLOOD CIRCULATION IN ADVANCED ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Kirkinen P. , Lauper U. , Huch R. , Huch A.
Published: November 2007

Abstract. Normal levels of unconjugated estriol and human placental lactogen hormone in the maternal serum and a normal, reactive pattern of non‐stress test cardiotocography were recorded in a case of advanced abdominal pregnancy with surviving newborn. The placenta was inserted at the base and side walls of fossa. Douglas Fetal, umbilical and retroplacental arterial Doppler ultrasound examinations revealed normal velocity waveforms. These findings indicated that the trophoblast invasion to the retroplacental arteries also occurs when the placenta has an extra‐uterine insertion, and this can result in a normal placental blood supply and function.
Urinary Iodine Excretion is Low and Serum Thyroglobulin High in Pregnant Women in Parts of Denmark
Authors: Pedersen Klaus M. , Borlum Karl G. , Knudsen Preben R. , Hansen Edvin‐Steen , Johannesen Peter L. , Laurberg Peter
Published: November 2007

In the Randers area of Denmark urinary iodine excretion (which reflects iodine intake) was found to be much lower than recommended intake levels, both in women in late pregnancy [52(23–118) pg iodine/g creatinine, median, range, n = 20] and in non‐pregnant controls [42(23–711, n = 20]. Serum thyroglobulin which is high in iodine deficiency was 32.5 pgA (median) (range 10.5–78.0) in the control women and considerably higher in the pregnant women [67.0 pgll (9.0–385)]. This increase was probably due to the extra iodine requirement of pregnancy which was not satisfied with an adequate increase in iodine intake. The results may suggest that pregnant women in this area should receive iodine supplementation and that a general program of iodine supplementation should be considered.
Serum Folate Levels in Normal Full‐Term Pregnant Chinese Women
Authors: Ho Chao‐Hung , Yuan Chiou‐Chung , Yeh Shin‐Hwa
Published: November 2007

Serum folate levels were determined by a radio‐isotopic assay method and then analysed in 253 normal full‐term pregnant women. None of them had received any hema‐tonic during their whole pregnancy period. Their mean age was 27.72 years and the mean pregnancy duration was 39.50 weeks. Mean hemoglobin concentration in these normally pregnant women was 12.54 g%. Mean serum folate was 8.57 nglml. In this study, 7.51% (19 out of the 2531 of the normally pregnant women had a folate level <3 nglml, and only 2 of them had clinical anemia (Hb <11 g%), and one of them also had serum ferritin <12 ngiml. Thus pure folic acid deficiency anemia in pregnant women may be very rare in Chinese. Neither rnultiparity, age, nor gravida number played any role in the occurrence of folate deficiency. There would appear to be a slight positive relationship between folate levels and hemoglobin concentration in pregnant Chinese women.
Computer Assessment of the Intrapartum Cardiotocogram
Authors: Stigsby B. , Nielsen P. V. , Nickelsen C. , Nim J.
Published: November 2007

To solve the problem of low predictive values in the visual assessment of the CTG, several computer programs have been designed. Only a few of those programs describe the CTG automatically and thus consistently. The aim of this study was to construct a diagnostic procedure for computer‐aided automatic assessment of the CTG. A computer program quantified 17 variables of the CTG. Within a window of user‐defined length, a second program calculated the number of measurements, the mean, the trend, and the coefficient of variation of each of the 17 variables, and produced a total of 56 distinct subvariables. A discriminant procedure was set up which could use any number and combination of the 56 subvariables to calculate the probability of a CTG derived from a compromised infant. The diagnostic procedure was optimized by “direct forward search” for the combination of subvariables discriminating best between normal and compromised infants. Using the last half hour of the first stage of labor, 50 CTGs entered the optimizing procedure. A combination of nine subvariables was found. In a separate paper its performance is compared with that of clinicians.
Fetal Duodenal Obstruction
Authors: Yagel S. , Zlotogora J. , Kanetti H. , Voss R.
Published: November 2007

Seven cases of fetal duodenal obstruction were diagnosed during an ultrasound examination. In 5 out of the 7, Down's syndrome was later diagnosed. The finding of duodenal obstruction in a fetus is a high risk indicator for Down's syndrome. We therefore recommend prenatal cytogenetic examination to be performed in such cases.
Spontaneous Rupture of Uterine Vein During Late Pregnancy
Authors: Sigurd Jörgen , Joelsson Ingemar
Published: November 2007

Hemorrhagic shock in late pregnancy before labor has become established is most often caused by placenta praevia or abruptio placentae. Unusual causes are intra‐abdominal bleeding from spontaneous rupture of liver, uterus or splenic vessels. Standard textbooks do not discuss intra‐abdominal bleeding from uterine veins and it might therefore be of interest to report such a case.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Authors: Varma T. R. , Patel R. H.
Published: November 2007

For the past two decades, significant advances have been made in the treatment of anovulation. The use of therapeutic agents for induction of ovulation, however, has given rise to several adverse reactions, the most important and serious of such complications being the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which can be fatal. It is characterized by gross ovarian enlargement, ascites, pleural effusion, hemoconcentration and thromboembolic disorder, which are potentially lethal conditions. The main pathogenic mechanism is considered to be increased capillary permeability, especially of the ovarian vessels, causing acute body fluid shift from the intravascular compartment to the peritoneal and pleural cavities. An experimental model of OHSS suggests that prostaglandins mediate this increased capillary permeability and transudation. Management is based on the concept of the pathogenic mechanism and includes maintenance of intravascular volume by plasma volume expanders, reduction of capillary permeability and prevention of thromboembolic complications. Surgical intervention is indicated only in cases of ovarian torsion or rupture and should be as conservative as possible.
A Prospective Controlled Five‐Year Follow‐Up Study of Primiparas with Gestational Hypertension
Authors: Lindeberg Solveig , Axelsson Ove , Jorner Ulf , Malmberg Lars , Sandstrom Bo
Published: November 2007

Primiparas with hypertension first recognized in pregnancy and an age‐ and parity‐matched control group, normotensive throughout pregnancy, were monitored during 5–6 years with blood pressure recordings performed in a standardized way. At the end of the study period, 21 out of 49 women with hypertension in pregnancy had developed hypertension requiring therapy or borderline hypertension, compared with 2 women in the control group who had developed borderline hypertension. Therapy was required in 7 of the women. Factors associated with increased risk of developing hypertension were gestational week at diagnosis of gestational hypertension, 1st diastolic blood pressure during follow‐up, family history, smoking, and age.
Rapid Karyotyping in Fetuses with Abnormal Sonogram
Authors: Hsieh Fon‐Jou , Hsu Han‐Chuan , Ko Tsang‐Ming , Chang Fong‐Ming , Chen Hsi‐Yao , Jean Her‐Heng , Chuang So‐Ming
Published: November 2007

Prenatal karyotyping of fetuses having an abnormal sonogram was undertaken in 27 pregnancies between 17 and 39 weeks, using fetal blood obtained by percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling under ultrasound guidance. Eight chromosomal abnormalities (29.7%) were detected, including 45, X (2 cases), trisomy 21(1 case), 46, XY, −13,+t(13, 13) (1 case), 47, XX, +18 (3 cases), 47, XXY (1 case). Nineteen fetuses had a normal karyotype (46, XX: 9 cases, 46, XY: 10 cases). The fetal karyotype was available within 72 h and fetal management was planned accordingly. We concluded that in fetuses with an abnormal sonogram, rapid karyotyping using fetal blood obtained under ultrasound guidance had important implications in obstetric and neonatal management and would facilitate genetic counselling.
Hydrops Fetalis Caused by Intrapericardial Teratoma
Authors: Skyggebjerg Karen‐Dorte
Published: November 2007

A case of hydrops fetalis caused by an intrapericardial teratoma is presented. The importance of establishing the etiology of a hydropic state in utero is described, as active neonatal care seems to improve the outcome for these babies, although the mortality is still very high.
Two Rare Complications of Simultaneously Occurring Placenta Praevia and Placenta Percreta
Authors: Mashiah Nissim , Levit Albert , Sherer David M. , Levin Samuel
Published: November 2007

Simultaneously occurring placenta praevia and placenta percreta is a well known yet rare obstetric complication. Cases in which invasion of chorionic villi lead to asymptomatic perforation of the uterus or bladder, rarely occur. This paper describes two such cases.
Treatment Of Habitual Abortions Associated With Autoimmune Abnormalities
Authors: Christiansen Ole B. , Andersen Erik S. , Lauritsen Jørgen G. , Grunnet Niels
Published: November 2007

In a study of the etiology of idiopathic habitual abortion, we have found 2 patients with a history of 5 and 4 spontaneous abortions respectively, possibly caused by autoimmune abnormalities. In the plasma of one of the patients we had found the presence of lupus anticoagulans and other lupus antibodies, whereas the other suffered from a latent autoimmune hepatitis. We describe the successful treatment of the 2 womens’ subsequent pregnancies with subcutaneous heparin supplemented with acetylsalicylic acid.
Ranking Risk Factors for Perinatal Mortality: Analysis of a nation‐wide study
Authors: Samueloff Arnon , Mor‐Yosef Shlomo , Seidman Daniel S. , Adler Israel , Persitz Ernanuel , Schenker Joseph G.
Published: November 2007

This paper analyses data from the Israeli nationwide perinatal census, with the aim of revealing the possible causes of perinatal death, and to assess the effects of risk factors, using a logistic regression analysis. The analysis provided an estimate of the net effect of each characteristic independently, thus identifying high‐risk pregnancies that should be monitored with greater intensity. Five variables were found to have a significant effect on perinatal death. Among these, in order of decreasing risk: fetal presentation, maternal diseases complicating pregnancy, number of fetuses, ethnic origin, and maternal age. Other variables such as parity, standard of hospital, the mother's country of birth and domiciliary circumstances, did not significantly affect perinatal mortality.
Reversal of Female Sterilization Using Macro Technique
Authors: Høgdall Claus Kim , Nielsen Jesper , Øvlisen Bjarni
Published: November 2007

The pregnancy rate of 63 women who underwent macrosurgical reversal of sterilization is reported. The pregnancy rate is based on life table estimates. The present material is the largest reported with this method. No statistically significant correlation was found between pregnancy outcome and tube length, anastornotic site, technique of sterilization, day of refertilization in menstrual cycle, or time interval between sterilization and refertilization. Using life tables, the cumulative probability of intra‐uterine pregnancy 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 66 months after surgery was 14%. 26%, 39%. 39%, 43%, and 51% respectively. Our results of macroscopic sterilization reversal are comparable to the reported results of microsurgical methods. They support the contention that atraumatic technique rather than the microscope is important for good results.
Plasma Levels Of Gastrin, Somatostatin, Vip, Insulin And Oxytocin During The Menstrual Cycle In Women (With And Without Oral Contraceptives)
Authors: Uvnäs‐Msoberg Kerstin , Sjögren Christer , Westlin Lilian , Anderson Per Olof , Stock Solveig
Published: November 2007

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether plasma levels of gastrin, somatostatin, insulin, oxytocin, VIP and blood glucose levels vary during the menstrual cycle. Therefore, 19 healthy menstruating women (5 of whom were on low‐dose oral contraceptives, o.c.) were blood sampled every second to third day during the menstrual cycle. Hormone levels were measured with radio‐immunoassay. Gastrin, insulin, VIP and blood sugar levels remained unchanged during the menstrual cycle. Mean somatostatin levels were significantly lower in women receiving o.c. than in women without such medication (p<0.05). In women on o.c., somatostatin concentrations were also significantly lower during the menstrual week, than during the rest of the period (p<0.01), but in women without o.c., no such change occurred. Mean oxytocin levels were significantly higher in women on o.c. (p<0.01) and in these women, oxytocin levels recorded during the menstrual week were significantly lower than during the rest of the period (p<0.02). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were also significantly higher in women on o.c. (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). In conclusion, these data show that basal plasma concentrations of gastrin, somatostatin, VIP, insulin and glucagon do not vary during the menstrual cycle. However, ingestion of low‐dose oral contraceptives causes a significant decrease of somatostatin concentrations and a significant increase in oxytocin levels, suggesting that low doses of estragens and/or gestagens may influence digestive and metabolic processes.
Maternal Height, Birthweight, Obstetric Conjugate and Their Influence on the Management of Parturients with a Previous Cesarean Scar
Authors: Mahmood Tahir A.
Published: November 2007

A retrospective analysis was made of the second deliveries of 492 women who had previously undergone emergency cesarean section with a clinical indication of cephalopelvic disproportion and had undergone X‐ray pelvimetry. In their index (second) pregnancy, 234 (47%) had an elective cesarean section; 122 (25%) gave birth vaginally and 136 (28%) had undergone an emergency cesarean section. Maternal height had a moderate value as a surrogate measure of pelvic capacity. A trial labor was more often allowed in women with larger obstetrical conjugate (inlet) measurements but likelihood of a successful outcome of labor was not influenced by the above pelvic measurements. A baby weighing more than 4000 g was associated with a greatly reduced chance of a vaginal delivery. The study confirms the limitations of X‐ray pelvimetry measurements and proposes that antenatal estimation of fetal size may be of benefit in determining the likelihood of success in a trial labor.
Incidence and Relation to Parity of Pregnancy‐Induced Hypertension in Iceland
Authors: Gunnlaugsson Sigurdur R. , Geirsson Reynir Tómas , Snaedal Gunnlaugur , Hallgrimsson Jón Th. , Gunnlaugsson Sigurdur
Published: November 2007

A retrospective study was made to determine the incidence of pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH, pre‐eclampsia) in Iceland. One‐fourth of all births in Iceland in 1985 were selected from the national birth registry files by random number allocation, a total of 904 women. Maternity records were found in 97.9% of the cases. The criteria used to define PIH were met in 17.4% of the women. There were 146 (16.5%) with mild PIH (blood pressure of ≥/ 140/90 mmHg with or without proteinuria after the 20th gestational week). Eight (0.9%) had severe PIH (blood pressure of ≥/160/110 mmHg with or without proteinuria after the 20th gestational week). Primigravid women formed one‐third of the group and of these 20.9% had PIH compared with 15.4% of the parous women. The incidence in parous women was higher than usually reported.
Serum CA 125 Levels in Patients with a Provisional Diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Clinical and Theoretical Implications
Authors: Duk Jitze M. , Kauer Frank M. , Fleuren Gert Jan , de Bruijn Henk W.A.
Published: November 2007

In 50 patients with a provisional diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), CA 125 concentrations in serum were measured before laparoscopy and during hospitalization, using an enzyme immunoassay. The findings at laparoscopy were graded on the basis of the extent of inflammatory peritoneal involvement (grades 0‐3; normal observations having a score of 0). On admission, 66% of the patients had serum CA 125 concentrations in excess of the cut‐off value of 16 U/ml (range: 20‐ 1300 U/ml). The serum CA 125 concentration before laparoscopy correlated with the extent of inflammatory peritoneal involvement (eta=0.74). The predictive value of an elevated serum CA 125 level to indicate the presence of salpingitis (grades 1‐3) was 97%. However, the predictive value of a normal CA 125 level indicating normal observations at laparoscopy (grade 0) was only 47%. During treatment and follow‐up, the serum CA 125 concentration returned gradually to normal levels. It was concluded that the finding of an elevated serum CA 125 level confirms the diagnosis of peritoneal involvement in patients with a clinical diagnosis of PID.
Broad Ligament Mucinous and Serous Cystadenomas of Borderline Malignancy
Authors: Jensen Marianne Lidang , Nielsen Majbrit Nygaard
Published: November 2007

The clinical and pathological findings including light microscopic and ultrastructural features of two cases of borderline mucinous and serous cystadenomas that originated in the broad ligament are reported. The tumors did not involve the oviduct or ovary. They probably arose in pre‐existing cysts of mesothelial and para‐mesonephric (primary Mullerian) origin. These rare tumors bear a close resemblance to the borderline epithelial tumors of the ovary and the same prognostic criteria may be applicable to the lesions presented here.
The Effect of Dihydralazine on Blood Velocity in Branches of the Uterine Artery in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Janbu Torunn , Nesheim Britt‐Lngjerd
Published: November 2007

Dihydralazine is frequently used in severe pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Little is known about its effect on the human uteroplacental circulation. In this study, Doppler ultrasound recordings were made from branches of the uterine artery in 5 women with PIH and blood pressure (BP) ≥ 150/100 who received either 7.5 or 10 mg dihydralazine, as repeated intravenous doses of 2.5 mg, before obtaining nearnormal/norrnal BP values. The measurements started 5–10 min prior to the injections and continued as undisrupted as possible during injections and the subsequent 30 min. When the reduction in BP was obtained, the median blood velocity was reduced by 23% (range 10–29%). A/B ratio was calculated at the same time as an indicator of peripheral vascular resistance. The ratio increased, compared with pre‐experiment values, in 3 subjects (5, 26 and 31%) but decreased in 2 (4 and 6%). Maternal tachycardia was noted in all but one woman. Continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) recording showed no signs of fetal distress. The uteroplacental circulation does not seem to benefit from the vasodilatory effects of dihydralazine, the response to the decreased perfusion pressure being a reduction in blood velocity and unchanged peripheral resistance.
The Influence of Cervical Dilatation by Laminaria Tent and with Hegar Dilators on the Intrauterine Microflora and the Rate of Postabortal Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Jonasson Aino , Larsson Bertil , Bygdeman Solgun , Forsum Urban
Published: November 2007

In a prospective study, 519 women were randomly selected for cervical dilatation by laminaria tents or Hegar dilators before scheduled vacuum aspiration. In other 68 women randomly divided into a laminaria group and a control (Hegar) group, placenta, decidua and blood were separately aspirated from the uterine cavity before the vacuum aspiration and cultured for micro‐organisms. The rate of postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was significantly lower after pretreatment with laminaria tent irrespective of patient's age and parity. However, a higher risk of postabortal PID was found in gestational age of 10–12 weeks than of 5–9 weeks. Previous PID and abortion did not increase the risk of postabortal PID. Vaginalkervical micro‐organisms were, irrespective of method for cervical dilatation, identified in two thirds of the patients.
Ultrasonography Versus Urography as Preoperative Investigation Prior to Hysterectomy
Authors: Aslaksen Aslak , Göthlin Jan Herman , Geitung Jonn Terje , Anker Carsten
Published: November 2007

Ultrasonography (US) has been compared with urography (IVU) as a preoperative investigation prior to hysterectomy in 62 patients. In 38 patients the urinary tract was deemed normal by both US and IVU. US and IVU coincided in varying degrees of hydronephrosis in 8 patients and disagreed in one. Of 5 double ureters, US missed 2. IVU showed expansile lesions in 5 kidneys where US showed benign cysts. No severe contrast media reactions were observed. We recommend that preoperative urography should be replaced by preoperative ultrasonography when a screening examination of the upper urinary tract morphology is deemed necessary prior to hysterectomy.
Urinary Tract Infections and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria after Vaginal Plastic Surgery: A Comparison of Suprapubic and Transurethral Catheters
Authors: Schiøtz Hjalmar A. , Malme Paul A. , Tanbo Tom G.
Published: November 2007

In a prospective randomized study comprising 90 women undergoing vaginal plastic surgery, suprapubic and transurethral catheter drainage of the bladder were compared regarding urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria. No statistically significant differences were found. The mean duration of catheterization was 4.9 days for suprapubic vs 3.3 days for transurethral catheter patients. Postoperative urinary tract infection was diagnosed in 23.7% of patients with suprapubic and in 27.5% of patients with transurethral catheters. Asymptomatic bacteriuria at catheter removal was found in 21.0% of suprapubic and in 12.5% of transurethral catheter patients. More mechanical complications were seen with SPCsthan with TUCs. It is concluded that the two methods involve similar risks of infectious complications but that SPCs have a higher rate of mechanical complications.
Construction of An Immunoradiometric Ay for Ovarian Cancer Associated Antigen Ca125 Recognizing Different Antigenic Determinant
Authors: Saga Tsuneo , Endo Keigo , Nakashima Tetsuo , Awaji Toshikazu , Koizumi Mitsuru , Kawamura Yasutaka , Watanabe Yuji , Konishi Junji , Nonogaki Hiroshi , Nanbu Yoshihiko , Fujii Shingo , Mori Takahide
Published: November 2007

We generated five murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with ovarian cancer‐associated antigen CA125. These monoclonal antibodies seemed to bind to separate epitopes from OC125 antibody, known to recognize CA125. A series of im‐munoradiometric assays for measuring serum CA125 values rapidly and sensitively were devised using these monoclonal antibodies. The antigenic determinant of a new immunoradiometric assay was different from that of a currently used CA125 kit employing OC125 both as a catcher and a tracer. However, serum antigen levels were closely correlated to each other and were elevated not only in patients with ovarian cancer, but also in patients with endometriosis and in some normal females during menstruation. These results suggest that CA125 has at least two antigenic determinants close to each other and this new rapid assay is useful, although not specific for ovarian cancer, in patients with gynecological disorders.
Ovarian Clear‐Cell Carcinoma Producing Estral and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Authors: Kobayashi Mitsuko , Hamada Hiroko , Yamoto Mareo , Nakano Ryosuke
Published: November 2007

A case of clear‐cell carcinoma of the ovary in a 52‐year‐old woman having an unusual menstrual history is presented. Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estradiol were 120 mlU/ml and 86 pg/ml, respectively, while the serum FSH level was 43 mlU/ml. lmmunohistochemistry of the tumor revealed positive staining for both hCG and estradiol in the tumor cells.
Physiological Values of Cystein and Metalloproteinase Activities in Chorionic Villi
Authors: Láaszlóa Aranka , Sonáar Istváan , Falkay Gyoürgy , Kováacs Attila , Halmos Viktóaria , Szabóa Jáanos
Published: November 2007

Lysosomal cysteine proteinases (cathepsin H, B + L) and metallopro‐teinase (MMP7‐ase) activities were measured from early gestational period (6‐12 weeks) in frozen, non‐cultivated chorionic villi. The mean activity of cathepsin H was 50.99 mU/mg protein, of cathepsin B + L, 71.16 mU/mg protein, and of MMP7‐ase, 16.16 mU/mg protein. The MMP7‐ase enzyme activities showed a correlation with gestational age. There was a significant correlation between the activities of cathepsin H and MMP7‐ase.
Single‐Dose Oral Fluconazole Versus Single‐Dose Topical Miconazole for the Treatment of Acute Vulvovaginal Candidosis
Authors: van Heusden Arne M. , Merkus Hans M.W.M. , Corbeij Ruud S.A.C.M. , Oosterbaan Herman P. , Stoot Jan E.G.M. , Ubachs Hans M.H. , Verhoeff Arie
Published: November 2007

Objectives: To compare efficacy, safety and patient preference of a single oral dose of 150 mg fluconazole with a single intravaginal dose of 1200 mg miconazole in vaginal candidosis. To investigate the effect of treatment on Candida colonization of throat and rectum.

Design: Double‐blind, double‐dummy, parallel, randomized trial. Ninety‐nine patients with symptomatic and mycologically verified candidosis were given 150 mg fluconazole with an intravaginal dummy, or 1200 mg miconazole with an oral dummy. Patients with an inadequate short‐term response were given a second dose.

Results: At each visit a patient self assessment and an invesigators’ global assess‐ ment were recorded, and cultures were set up. Adverse events were recorded and laboratory tests were performed. Clinical cure or improvement (investigators’ assessment) was obtained in 100% (short‐term) and 95% (long term) of the fluconazole group and in 94% and 90%. respectively, of the miconazole group.

Patients considered the treatment excellent or good in 81 % (short‐term) and 88% (long‐term) in the fluconazole group and in 84% and 76%, respectively, of the miconazole group.

Mycological cure was achieved in 98% (short‐term) and 73% (long‐term) of the fluconazole group and in 96% and 82% respectively in the miconazole group. The differences in results were not significant.

Both treatments significantly reduced the number of positive rectal cultures; neither treatment had a significant effect on throat cultures. Four percent of the patients preferred intravaginal therapy.

Conclusion: A single dose fluconazole is as safe and effective as a single dose of miconazole.
Non‐Obstructive Cecal Dilatation and Perforation after Cesarean Section
Authors: Sperling Lene S. , Schantz Anne L. , Toftager‐Larsen Kim , øvlisen Bjarni
Published: November 2007

A case of non‐obstructive cecal dilatation and perforation after cesarean section is reported, with a review of the literature on the diagnosis and management of this entity. Fifteen cases have been described. Attention is called to this rare complication and to the accompanying pseudo‐obstructive syndrome, the diagnosis of which is important in order to avoid cecal perforation. Non‐obstructive cecal dilatation is a lifethreatening complication to cesarean section, and immediate surgical intervention is important.
The Effects Of Ritodrine Infusion On Fetal Myocardial Function And Fetal Hemodynamics
Authors: Räsänen Juha
Published: November 2007

The effects of ritodrine infusion on fetal myocardial function and fetal hemodynamics were studied in 18 singleton, healthy, pregnant women with premature uterine contractions. Ritodrine was given intravenously for 2½h. In 10 cases both M‐mode echocardiographs of the fetal heart and measurements of the blood flow in the fetal descending thoracic aorta were made before and after the infusion. No changes took place in the functional parameters or ventricular size of the fetal heart during the infusion. Fetal heart rate increased significantly. In the aorta both the volumetric flow and time‐averaged systolic peak, mean and end‐diastolic velocities increased significantly, while there were no changes in waveform indices. In 8 other cases, blood velocity waveform indices were measured by color Doppler flow mapping from the fetal middle cerebral, renal and umbilical arteries. During the infusion the waveform indices decreased significantly in the middle cerebral and renal arteries. There was no change in the indices of the umbilical artery. Ritodrine did not cause any unfavorable changes in the fetal myocardial function or blood flow in the aorta and umbilical artery. The decreased waveform indices in fetal middle cerebral and renal arteries might indicate decreased vascular resitance in these vessels.
Cerebral Blood Flow During Labor In The Human Fetus
Authors: Lingman Goran , Marŝál Karel
Published: November 2007

A method is described for recording blood flow velocity waveforms from fetal cerebral vessels during labor, using a 2 MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound technique. Fifteen healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies and labor without signs of fetal distress participated in the study. With membranes ruptured and cervix orifice open 4‐9 cm, the Doppler transducer was placed transvaginally on the fetal skull and the Doppler shift signals from the middle cerebral artery were located. The maximum velocity waveforms were recorded before, during and after uterine contractions and analysed off‐line for pulsatility index (PI). No differences in the PI were found with regard to the uterine contractions. The results suggest an unchanged peripheral resistance in the fetal cerebral vascular bed during the first stage of normal labor.
Results Of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Performed Following Birth Of A Baby With Birthweight Above 4,500 Grams
Authors: Nielsen Gunnar L , Nielsen Per H.
Published: November 2007

Results are presented from 128 oral glucose tolerance tests carried out 4 days (median) post partum in 129 women who gave birth to an infant with birthweight >4,500 g. Among these 129, only 1 overweight patient was found to be diabetic; testing revealed glucose intolerance in 7 patients, of whom 6 had returned to normal at re‐examination. These data are comparable to those found in a general Danish population screening. Oral glucose tolerance tests based upon blood glucose concentrations 2 h postprandially, performed in the puerperium, cannot be recommended as a screening procedure for diabetes mellitus. By re‐gressional analyses of data from 64 controls with normal‐weight offspring, including six factors customarily related to birth weight, the importance of each risk factor could be estimated. The following simple equation revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.69: Estimated birthweight = 122 x menostasia in weeks + 370 x average weight of siblings in kg + 43 x weight gain in pregnancy + 6 x maternal weight before pregnancy −3,655.
Fetal Growth Retardation After Gastric Banding
Authors: Granstrom Lars , Granstrom Lena , Backman Lars
Published: November 2007

A 35‐year‐old woman became pregnant 15 months after gastric banding, during which time she lost 55 kg in weight. During the third trimester, severe vomiting was noted and she lost a further 6 kg. Ultrasound examination showed oligohydramnions and fetal growth retardation of 38%. Enteral nutrition was given until delivery and ultrasound verified normalization of the oligohydramnions and weight gain for the fetus. The woman was delivered by cesarean section of a female infant with birthweight 2,470 g. It is concluded that special care must be taken with regard to the nutritional status of pregnant women who have previously been operated on with gastric procedures for obesity, in order to diminish the risk of fetal growth retardation. Ultrasound examinations should be performed on wide indications and enteral nutrition must start immediately once fetal growth retardation is discovered.
Duration Of Human Singleton Pregnancy: A Population‐based Study
Authors: Bergsjø Per , Denman Daniel W. , Hoffman Howard J. , Meirik Olav
Published: November 2007

We have analysed the duration of pregnancy for singleton births in Sweden during 1976–80 by means of data from the Swedish Birth Registry. Information, which was obtained from special forms with standard questions, include date of first day of last menstrual period (LMP) and whether that date was considered reliable or not. Recording was done prospectively, starting at the first antenatal visit. In 10% of cases the dates were labelled uncertain. Information on LMP and birth dates, parity, age of mother, sex of child, and/or mode of delivery was missing in 5.5% of the singleton cases, leaving 427,581 singleton births for analysis. In cases of reliable menstrual dates, the average duration from LMP to vaginal birth was 282 days (median), 281 days (mean) and 283 days (mode), remaining constant over the years of study. One standard deviation of the mean was approximately 13 days, varying slightly with age and parity. Ten per cent of these women gave birth post term (past 294 days). The duration of cesarean section births became shorter over the years, in spite of little change in cesarean section frequency (9.5% in 1976–7 and 10.9% in 1979–80). Mothers aged 35 and over tended to give birth 2 days earlier than those below 35. Second and subsequent children of mothers below 35 had slightly shorter gestations than firstborns. Boys were born earlier than girls, on average. When LMP was unreliable, the distribution of gestational lengths was wide. We also noted a seasonal rhythmicity in average duration of pregnancy, with consistent shortening in the month of December.