bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aligning Residency Note Templates with CMS Evaluation and Management Documentation Requirements
Authors: Stern Sarah , Lippert William Childs , Rigdon Joseph , Obermiller Corey , Witek Lauren , Anderson Matthew , Chebrolu Sneha , Moses Adam , Xiao Ted , Dharod Ajay , Cristiano Joseph
Published: November 2024

Background
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced changes in outpatient and inpatient evaluation and management (E/M) current procedural terminology (CPT) codes in 2021 and 2023, which were intended to streamline providers’ clinical documentation.

Objectives
To study the effects of aligning inpatient and outpatient note templates with updated CMS guidelines on character length and documentation time per note at an internal medicine residency program in the southeastern United States.

Methods
In April 2023, the Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Internal Medicine Residency Program’s inpatient and outpatient note templates were updated according to the most recent CMS guidelines. A pre-post analysis of resident documentation time and length was conducted comparing notes written with the residency note templates from May 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022 (6439 notes) to notes written with the residency note templates from May 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023 (8828 notes). Interns were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the updated note templates.

Results
After the note template updates, when adjusted for differing percentages of note types in the pre- and post-periods and accounting for multiple notes written by each resident, notes written with the residency note templates decreased by a mean character length of -882 characters (95% CI: -953, -811, p<.0001), while time spent writing notes did not significantly decrease. 17/17 respondents had favorable perceptions of the note templates.

Conclusions
The internal medicine residency inpatient and outpatient note templates were updated to align with the most recent CMS E/M documentation requirement changes. These note template changes were associated with a meaningful decrease in documentation length but no overall significant reduction in mean documentation time when adjusted for differing percentages of note types in the pre- and post-periods and multiple notes written by the same author. The interns perceived the note template changes positively.
Utilization of Ultrashort Bicon Implants in Clinical Situations: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Dudek Damian , Kurtzman Gregori M. , Jacek Karpe , Badziński Arkadiusz , Reichman-Warmusz Edyta
Published: November 2024

When vertical bone loss results in insufficient crestal height to place standard-length implants without the use of osseous grafting, this poses clinical issues to implant usage. Based on an analysis of the literature and clinical experience, it has been found that it is possible to optimally use the available bone volume of the maxillary and mandibular ridges for implant placement without extensive osseous grafting to increase vertical height. This case report will examine several uses of ultrashort implants utilizing the Bicon system in common clinical situations in the maxillary and mandibular arches without the need for osseous reconstruction to improve the available vertical height of the crest to permit implant placement.
Subconjunctival Orbital Fat Prolapse: A Case Report
Authors: Powar Rajesh S. , M. Soujanya
Published: November 2024

Subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse is a benign condition where the orbital fat, which normally cushions the eye within its socket, protrudes or herniates through the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the sclera. It is a rare condition that occurs due to disruption of the orbital septum due to various causes. In this case study, we report the clinical findings, treatment, and insights gained from the diagnosis and management of a 59-year-old male patient with subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse.
24-mA/mm metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor based on Ge-doped α-Ga2O3 grown by mist chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Wakamatsu Takeru , Isobe Yuki , Takane Hitoshi , Kaneko Kentaro , Tanaka Katsuhisa
Published: November 2024

In this study, we developed a metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) using a Ge-doped α-Ga2O3 channel layer grown via mist chemical vapor deposition (CVD). As a buffer layer, Fe-doped α-Ga2O3 was deposited between the Ge-doped α-Ga2O3 channel layer and the m-plane sapphire substrate to reduce the influence of threading dislocations and suppress current leakage. Furthermore, an n+ contact layer heavily doped with Ge was deposited on the channel layer to reduce the contact resistance. The carrier concentration and Hall mobility of the channel layer were 2.1 × 1017 cm−3 and 44 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The transfer length method indicates that the contact between the metal and the n+ layer exhibits Ohmic behavior with a resistance as low as 16 Ω mm. The MESFET exhibited a maximum current of 24 mA/mm and an on-resistance of 587 Ω mm at VGS = 2 V. The Ion/Ioff ratio exceeded 109. The breakdown voltage was 364 V, the leakage current between the drain and the source was below 10−5 mA/mm, and the power figure of merit was 1.2 MW/cm2. These results demonstrate that the mist CVD-derived Ge-doped α-Ga2O3 can give rise to a MESFET with good performance.
Effects of layer thickness and annealing process on low-frequency noise and detectivity in tunnel magnetoresistive sensors with CoFeSiB soft magnetic layers
Authors: Manikketh Murali Krishnan , Kulkarni Prabhanjan D. , Nakatani Tomoya , Suto Hirofumi , Sakuraba Yuya
Published: November 2024

We investigated the effects of CoFeSiB soft magnetic layer thickness and annealing process on the magnetic field sensing and low-frequency 1/f noise characteristics of tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) sensors. A thicker CoFeSiB layer improved the soft magnetic properties of the free layer, and the process order of device fabrication and annealing significantly influenced the 1/f noise characteristics of the TMR sensors. A magnetic field detectivity of 0.8 nT/Hz0.5 at 10 Hz was achieved in a single device TMR sensor annealed after device fabrication, which suppressed both electrical and magnetic 1/f noises compared to the annealing performed before device fabrication. The spectral density of the 1/f noise voltage scaled linearly with the sensitivity of the sensor; thus, detectivity showed an approximately constant value regardless of the change in sensitivity.
Surface potentials of conductors in electrolyte solutions
Authors: Vinogradova Olga I. , Silkina Elena F. , Asmolov Evgeny S.
Published: November 2024

When we place conducting bodies in electrolyte solutions, their surface potential Φs appears to be much smaller in magnitude than the applied one Φ0 and normally does not obey the classical electrostatic boundary condition of a constant potential expected for conductors. In this paper, we demonstrate that an explanation of these observations can be obtained by postulating that diffuse ions condense at the “wall” due to the reduced permittivity of a solvent. For small values of Φ0, the surface potential responds linearly. On increasing Φ0 further, Φs augments nonlinearly and then saturates to a constant value. Analytical approximations for Φs derived for these three distinct modes show that it always adjusts to salt concentration, which is equivalent to a violation of the constant potential condition. The latter would be appropriate for highly dilute solutions but only if Φ0 is small. Surprisingly, when the plateau with high Φs is reached, the conductor surface switches to a constant charge density condition normally expected for insulators. Our results are directly relevant for conducting electrodes, mercury drops, colloidal metallic particles, and more.
Two-dimensional ice affects thermal transport at the graphene–water microscopic interface
Authors: Yu Yue , Xu Xujun , Li Shanchen , Zhang Yue , Zhao Junhua , Wei Ning
Published: November 2024

As electronic devices continue to undergo miniaturization, the concomitant reduction in the size of semiconductor components presents significant challenges for thermal management at interfaces. Numerous studies have underscored graphene as an auspicious material for enhancing heat dissipation within integrated circuits, attributed primarily to its superior thermal conductivity. We have employed a molecular dynamics approach to examine the influence of various charge distributions on the thermal transport properties at the graphene–water interface. Specifically, this study explores how modifications in charge distribution at the interface impact thermal conductivity. The results show that comparing the interfacial graphene sheet modified with charge to the case without charge modification, the Kapitza resistance is significantly lower. In addition, the temperature difference at the graphene–water interface is smaller as the charge increases, and the thermal transport at the interface is easier. When the charge strengths of the modifications are the same, the thermal resistance of the diagonal distribution is smaller than that of the filled modification, and part of the reason for the ease of heat transport is due to the increase in interfacial mutual strength due to Coulomb forces. The other main reason is that when the charge reaches a certain strength (q = 0.8 e), an ordered water layer is created near the charge-modified graphene interface. Our study provides a method for designing solid–liquid interfacial heat transport properties by controlling and regulating the liquid stratification at the interface.
Impact of mechanical disturbances to the placement of reference light in Fourier transform interferometers
Authors: Wen Muqian
Published: November 2024

Fourier transform interferometers usually need a dedicated reference light to precisely track optical path difference changes. There are a few different ways to incorporate the reference light into the optical system. This paper conducted experiments to give a test of how different ways of incorporating reference light are affected by mechanical disturbances. It found that placing the reference light in a different path than the test light can be very sensitive to mechanical disturbance errors, while propagating the reference light together with the test light can be very robust against mechanical vibrations of optical components.
Assessing solvated electron uptake in low-temperature plasma-exposed solutions as a pathway to quantifying plasma electrons
Authors: Sebastian Amal , Ducrozet Florent , Sicard-Roselli Cécile , Ptasinska Sylwia
Published: November 2024

Low-temperature plasma (LTP) is being advanced as an alternative radiation source that offers unique chemical properties demonstrated in a variety of reactive plasma species, in which electrons are the primary species derived upon plasma irradiation. We employed a simple and reliable protocol based on two-electron reduction of nitrate into nitrite ions coupled with fluorometric detection to quantify the uptakes of solvated electrons in irradiated solutions under two distinct plasma conditions of our LTP source. In addition, we explored the influence of other plasma species and the solution pH on the uptake rates. Under such conditions, the estimated uptake of solvated electrons was below 0.1 mM, suggesting that this value represents the minimum concentration of plasma electrons transferred to the solution. Quantifying plasma electrons accurately is particularly important for LTP applications that involve biological molecules, as they are susceptible to damage by low-energy electrons.
Encapsulation-induced hypsochromic shift of emission properties from a cationic Ir(III) complex in a hydrogen-bonded organic cage: A theoretical study
Authors: Uratani Hiroki , Horiuchi Shinnosuke
Published: November 2024

Encapsulation of coordination complexes within the confined spaces of self-assembled hosts is an effective method for creating supramolecular assemblies with distinct chemical and physical properties. Recent studies with calix-resorcin[4]arene hydrogen-bonded hexameric capsules revealed that encapsulated metal complexes exhibit enhanced and blue-shifted photoluminescence compared to their unencapsulated forms. The photophysical change has been hypothetically attributed to encapsulation-induced confinement, which isolates the metal complex from the solvent, suppressing stabilization of the excited state of the guest by solvent reorganization and structural relaxation, and altering the local environment, such as solvent polarity and viscosity, around the guest. In this study, density-functional theory calculations were conducted to explore how encapsulation affects the photophysical properties of a cationic iridium complex within a hydrogen-bonded hexameric capsule. The encapsulation-induced emission shift was analyzed by separating it into three factors: suppression of solvent reorganization, suppression of structural relaxation of the complex, and electronic interactions between the complex and the capsule. The findings indicate that the photoluminescence modulation is driven by the electronic interaction between the host and guest, which affects the energy levels of the molecular orbitals involved in the T1 excited state and the suppression of excited-state structural relaxation of the Ir complex due to the presence of the host. This study advances our understanding of the photophysical dynamics of coordination complexes within the confined spaces of hexameric capsules, providing a valuable approach for tuning the excited state properties of guest molecules.
Ovarian follicular flushing as a means of increasing oocyte yield and in vitro embryo production in cattle
Authors: Simmons R. J. , Tutt D. A. R. , Kwong W. Y. , Baroni J. I. , Lim L. N. , Cimpeanu R. , Castrejon-Pita A. A. , Vatish M. , Svensson P. , Piegsa R. , Hagby U. , Sinclair K. D. , Georgiou E. X.
Published: November 2024

Context The number of developmentally competent cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) retrieved during Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) determines success in both bovine and human assisted reproduction. Follicular flushing for COC retrieval is practicsed widely in humans but not in cattle. Aims To determine the benefits of follicular flushing in cattle and assess the merits of a novel 16G double-lumen needle (‘OxIVF’) that flushes laterally to the needle shaft. Methods Experiment 1 flushed 655 antral follicles (≥7 mm) from 255 abattoir-derived cattle ovaries. In Experiment 2, 12 Holstein heifers underwent two cycles of OPU in a cross-over design comparing both needle types. In Experiment 3, 11 Holstein heifers underwent two cycles of OPU using the OxIVF needle in a cross-over design: flushing (≥7 mm follicles) vs a ‘Hybrid’ approach of flushing (≥7 mm follicles) and aspiration (5–7 mm follicles); followed by two cycles of standard follicle aspiration (>5 mm follicles). Key results In Experiment 1, COC recovery was greater (P = 0.034) for the OxIVF vs Standard needle (mean ± s.e.; 74.1 ± 2.10% vs 67.0 ± 2.23%); yield of Grade 1 COCs was also greater (20.1 ± 1.97% vs 8.2 ± 1.38%; P < 0.001). In Experiment 2, recovery of COCs was greater (P = 0.045) for the OxIVF vs Standard needle (89.1 ± 2.98% vs 79.6 ± 3.47%). Day 6 embryo yield was also greater (P = 0.017) for the OxIVF vs Standard needle (87.2 ± 4.38% vs 67.6 ± 6.73%). In Experiment 3, recovery of COCs was greater (P = 0.033) for ‘Flush’ vs ‘Aspirate’ groups (82.1 ± 5.06% vs 66.2 ± 3.48%). However, number of Day 8 blastocysts for the ‘Hybrid’ vs ‘Flush’ approach (9.2 ± 1.39 vs 6.5 ± 1.05 per cycle) did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Follicular flushing using the OxIVF needle, embracing the ‘Hybrid’ approach, has the potential to increase oocyte retrieval and blastocyst number per donor cycle in cattle but requires further validation. Implications Larger scale studies will seek to confirm benefits of follicular flushing using the OxIVF needle in cattle. Future studies should consider applications in both equine and human assisted reproduction.
Foraging habitat locations of flatback (Natator depressus) and olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in northern Australia
Authors: Smith Justin S. , Limpus Colin J. , Shimada Takahiro , Booth Laurie , Hinchliffe Eve C. , Fuentes Mariana M. P. B. , Loban Frank , Preston Shane , Hamann Mark
Published: November 2024

Context Understanding the spatial ecology of endangered species is important for their management. With flatback turtles (Natator depressus) Vulnerable and the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) Endangered under Australia’s EPBC Act 1999, it is important to understand their movement activity to assess exposure to threats better and appropriately manage population demographics. Aims Describe, quantify, and compare the foraging patterns of flatback turtles from the Arafura Sea genetic stock and olive ridley turtles from the eastern Gulf of Carpentaria (GoC) genetic stock. Methods Satellite telemetry was used to track post-nesting flatbacks (n = 16) and olive ridleys (n = 8) to identify foraging-activity behaviour and locations between 2013 and 2017. Key results Overall, core foraging home ranges showed considerable variability from strong site fidelity to extensive spatial movement (flatback: 1–1065 km2, olive ridley: 2–113 km2). Foraging areas for both species were identified to cross over state and international boundaries (Torres Strait, eastern GoC, western GoC, Kakadu coast, Joseph Bonaparte Gulf and the Arafura Sea within Australia and Indonesia), with nine individuals foraging in Indonesian waters and five foraging in both Indonesian and Australian waters. Conclusions Flatback and olive ridley turtles in northern Australia have a large, widespread spatial distribution with varying use levels across the space. Foraging hot spots identified in this study can improve and guide the designation of biologically important areas. Inter- and intra-specific overlaps between foraging grounds were consistent with previous research, strengthening the understanding of foraging hot spots for flatbacks and olive ridleys in Indonesia and the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf. Implications This study thus emphasises the importance of area-based management to benefit highly mobile species from multiple populations and taxa, potentially from all life-cycle phases.
Spatiotemporal distribution of humpback whales off north-west Australia quantifying the Exmouth Gulf nursery area
Authors: Sprogis Kate R. , Sutton Alicia L. , Jenner Micheline-Nicole M. , Jenner K. Curt S.
Published: November 2024

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrate from their Antarctic feeding grounds to their north-west Australian breeding grounds. North-west Australia has experienced rapid development of the mining and petroleum industry, and remains under increasing human pressure. The aim of this study was to examine the spatiotemporal distribution of humpback whales across the north-west: North West Cape, Pilbara and Exmouth Gulf. Aerial surveys (n = 184) were conducted from 2000 to 2010. After accounting for survey effort, kernel density estimation was used to assess the monthly distribution of whales. The largest density hotspot of whale groups was the centre to western edge of Exmouth Gulf. The highest encounter rate of mother–calf pairs was in October in Exmouth Gulf (0.0447 ± 0.0082 groups/km), which was significantly higher than in the North West Cape and Pilbara (0.0005 ± 0.0002 and 0.0011 ± 0.0005 groups/km, respectively). The comparison among the three regions confirms and quantifies Exmouth Gulf as an important nursery area for humpback whale mother–calf pairs. Nursery areas are important for lactating humpback whale mothers as they carry the highest energetic demands in the population. It is crucial that nursery areas remain relatively undisturbed from human pressures so mothers can rest to conserve energy and nurse their young.
Emergent collective behavior evolves more rapidly than individual behavior among acorn ant species
Authors: Doering Grant Navid , Prebus Matthew M. , Suresh Sachin , Greer Jordan N. , Bowden Reilly , Linksvayer Timothy A.
Published: November 2024

Emergence is a fundamental concept in biology and other disciplines, but whether emergent phenotypes evolve similarly to nonemergent phenotypes is unclear. The hypothesized process of emergent evolution posits that evolutionary change in at least some collective behaviors will differ from evolutionary change in the corresponding intrinsic behaviors of isolated individuals. As a result, collective behavior might evolve more rapidly and diversify more between populations compared to individual behavior. To test whether collective behavior evolves emergently, we conducted a large comparative study using 22 ant species and gathered over 1,500 behavioral rhythm time series from hundreds of colonies and isolated individuals, totaling over 1.5 y of behavioral data. We show that analogous traits measured at individual and collective levels exhibit distinct evolutionary patterns. The estimated rates of phenotypic evolution for the rhythmicity of activity in ant colonies were faster than the evolutionary rates of the same behavior measured in isolated individual ants, and total variation across species in collective behavior was higher than variation in individual behavior. We hypothesize that more rapid evolution and higher variation is a widespread feature of emergent phenotypes relative to lower-level phenotypes across complex biological systems.
The distributed invention of enunciation theory
Authors: Joseph John E.
Published: November 2024

In the second half of the 20th century a linguistic approach emerged that aimed to complement the analysis of
language structure: énonciation, centred on speakers and the act of speaking. Émile Benveniste has had his role
raised to author of the theory, despite its developing simultaneously in work by Roman Jakobson and Jacques Lacan, and later
Tzvetan Todorov, with each of whom he had professional and personal ties. Others who figure in its formulation are J. L. Austin,
Charles Bally, Leonard Bloomfield, Jacques Damourette and Édouard Pichon, Bronisɬaw Malinowski, Hendrik Pos and, to some extent,
Karl Bühler. Of particular significance is work published in 1969 by Jean Dubois and
Michel Foucault, both of whom give enunciation a clearer and fuller treatment than is found in the 1970 paper by Benveniste
regarded as the locus classicus. The present article argues for, not sidelining Benveniste, but approaching the
invention of enunciation as dialogic – a case of distributed cognition – instead of treating it on the lines of the ‘Great Man
theory of history’ which this journal’s founder, E. F. K. Koerner, worked hard to oppose.
China’s official use and translation of conflict metaphor over two decades
Authors: Wu Yang
Published: November 2024

Comprising metaphors of war and fight, the conflict metaphor, a revolutionary legacy, is not only prevalently
employed in today’s state communication within China but also officially translated for the international community. Analysing the
Chinese authority’s general use and translation of the conflict metaphor, this study aims to uncover cross-era variations and
continuous patterns in these practices. The analysis is based on the Chinese governmental and Communist Party of China’s
congressional reports and their official English-language translations from 2004 to 2023, a period that encompasses the Hu
Jintao-Wen Jiabao era (2004–2013) and the Xi Jinping-Li Keqiang era (2014–2023). The research first quantifies the official use
and translation in these reports and then, based on summary statistics of the quantified data, it reveals that the domestic use of
the conflict metaphor differs substantially across the two eras but the official translation remains largely consistent. Relying
on time series analysis, this study suggests that, throughout the two decades, the domestic usage in one report may be influenced
by that in the immediately preceding report and is highly sensitive to contextual factors, and that the translation appears to
follow a moderation mechanism, which potentially contributes to cross-era consistency.
Storybaiting online. Interactive life storying in social media
Authors: Hatavara Mari , Rautajoki Hanna , Toikkanen Jarkko
Published: November 2024

We study co-constructed narrative exchange in online storytelling. Our test case is the Finnish YouTuber Niilo22, an unemployed person who broadcasts frequent video clips of his everyday activities while chatting on stock issues and interacting with his followers. Followers engage in lively commentary and team up to make evaluative interpretations of Niilo22’s life on the go. The interpretive frames imposed draw on pre-existing story templates rooted in culturally shared actor categories. We propose the concept of storybaiting to denote the two-way dynamic between Niilo22 and his followers whereby responses triggered by the clips produce further input in the narration, resulting in shared and circularly progressive authorship. This action blurs the ownership of the story and dilutes the teller’s privileges. Life storying in online platforms turns into interactive storybaiting where everybody involved gives and takes cues to evaluate the social media personality and position him in regard to repeated story templates.
A quantitative analysis of semantic characteristics and success of personal narratives on social media
Authors: Sun Huixia , Xiang Xueqi , Wang Jin
Published: November 2024

Due to limitations in data and methodologies, few quantitative analyses have been conducted on large-scale
personal narratives. This paper addresses this gap by quantifying the semantic progression of personal narratives on Twitter and
examining its relationship with narrative success. Our findings reveal significant variations in the factors influencing the
success of personal narratives in politics, entertainment, and sports categories. This study deepens our understanding of the
semantic characteristics and success of personal narratives, inspiring further exploration into the influence of the
characteristics and success of personal narratives on self-identity.
High-sensitive dual-mode thermoreflectance microscopy for the stationary and transient thermal analysis of microelectronic devices
Authors: Jeong Chan Bae , Kim Dong Uk , Han Ilkyu , Kim Dongmok , Hur Hwan , Kim I Jong , Lee Kye-Sung , Kim Jung-Dae , Choi Woo June , Chang Ki Soo
Published: November 2024

This study presents a straightforward, efficient dual-mode thermoreflectance microscopy (TRM) system for analyzing the stationary and dynamic thermal properties of microelectronic devices. The proposed TRM system employs a standard visible microscope and implements two distinct imaging process schemes to obtain thermal images at different time scales. For TRM imaging of an ohmic microdevice, the optimal probing wavelength is predetermined from the thermoreflectance spectrum, acquired using a white light-emitting diode source and tunable bandpass filters to enhance thermal sensitivity. Thermoreflectance images are obtained in both stationary and transient modes using a four-bucket method and a pulsed boxcar averaging method, respectively. This thermography approach demonstrates highly sensitive, time-integrated stationary thermal imaging and time-gated transient thermal imaging with a temporal resolution of 200 ns. The system shows significant potential as an analytical tool with a sub-micron spatiotemporal resolution for evaluating heat generation and self-heating behavior in microelectronic devices.
Tensile testing of polymeric materials: a model-based approach to estimate the material strength without position sensor
Authors: Giani P , Locarno S
Published: November 2024

Tensile testing probably represents the foremost important mechanical test that can performed on materials. This characterization has great relevance on polymeric materials, where the evaluation of the polymer goes beyond the pure chemical composition analysis. On the other hand, chemical labs are not always equipped with complete tensile machines due to space and budget constraints while often rely on much simpler machines usually provided with a dynamometer only. In this contest, the goal of the work is to provide a useful and effective method to estimate the stress–strain curve based only on force (and therefore the specimen stress) data. Of course, to recover the missing information (i.e. the sample elongation, and thus its strain) a suitable model of the tensile machine is needed to complement the dynamometer measures. Throughout the paper the steps to achieve such a model are described, together with an extensive experimental validation: firstly, we validated the method on metals which exhibit a well-defined behaviour. Then, we selected three different polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polydimethylsiloxane and natural rubber) in order to assess the performances of proposed approach in estimating their stress–strain characteristics. The obtained results confirmed the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed method in real-world applications.
Relationship between the photoionization and fast streamers in Ester-based insulating oil
Authors: Wang Kaizheng , Yu Ruilong , Wang Shuaiqi , Lei Dihao , Wang Feipeng , Li Jian
Published: November 2024

Under impulse voltage, ester-based insulating oil (EO) is more likely to produce fast streamers than mineral insulating oil (MO). This paper explores the generation mechanism of fast streamers from a molecular perspective. First, the energy of EO to reach the first excited state is lower than that of MO, which is achieved through ultraviolet–visible light absorption experiments and molecular computation and is almost unaffected by the electric field. During the discharge process, photons may mainly come from molecular de-excitation, which leads to the neutral oil molecules transition and occurs photoionization. This study established a plasma photoionization model related to the change of first excitation energy and ionization energy at an electric field. Compared with MO, the electric field strength at the streamer head of EO is enhanced by the large number of charged particles produced by photoionization. The higher electric field further promotes the occurrence of photoionization, forming a positive feedback mechanism and accelerating the generation of fast streamers. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. It is found that field ionization is one of the main mechanisms that drives the streamers forward, and photoionization may be the cause of the generation of fast streamers in EO.
LL-VI SLAM: enhanced visual-inertial SLAM for low-light environments
Authors: Ma Tianbing , Li Liang , Du Fei , Shu Jinxin , Li Changpeng
Published: November 2024

In low-light environments, the scarcity of visual information makes feature extraction and matching challenging for traditional visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems. Changes in ambient lighting can also reduce the accuracy and recall of loop closure detection. Most existing image enhancement methods tend to introduce noise, artifacts, and color distortions when enhancing images. To address these issues, we propose an innovative low-light visual-inertial (LL-VI) SLAM system, named LL-VI SLAM, which integrates an image enhancement network into the front end of the SLAM system. This system consists of a learning-based low-light enhancement network and an improved visual-inertial odometry. Our low-light enhancement network, composed of a Retinex-based enhancer and a U-Net-based denoiser, enhances image brightness while mitigating the adverse effects of noise and artifacts. Additionally, we incorporate a robust Inertial Measurement Unit initialization process at the front end of the system to accurately estimate gyroscope biases and improve rotational estimation accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that LL-VI SLAM outperforms existing methods on three datasets, namely LOLv1, ETH3D, and TUM VI, as well as in real-world scenarios. Our approach achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 22.08 dB. Moreover, on the TUM VI dataset, our system reduces localization error by 22.05% compared to ORB-SLAM3, proving the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method in low-light environments.
A multi-scale and multi-modal convolutional neural network for condition monitoring of transmission line
Authors: Wei Yanan , Zhang Xinyue , Shi Yufeng , Song Tianjin , Wu Gang
Published: November 2024

Monitoring the fatigue damage of transmission lines is crucial for stable power system operation. However, existing model-driven methods face challenges such as high computational complexity and reliance on expert knowledge, while data-driven methods require large amounts of abnormal state data. To address these issues, a multi-scale and multi-modal convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for real-time condition monitoring of transmission lines. Key steps include: firstly, empirical Fourier decomposition is used to decompose the original signals, extracting multi-scale state information at different frequency scales. Then, time-domain, frequency-domain, and time–frequency domain analyses are performed on the decomposed signals to capture multi-modal information. Based on this, a multi-modal fusion network is proposed based on a CNN to extract shallow and deep features, with a fully connected layer used for multi-modal feature fusion. Notably, the algorithm is implemented on a microprocessor for practical application. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 93.06%, outperforming classical networks. It also surpasses models trained solely on time, frequency, or time–frequency features by 25.18%, 21.8%, and 19.3%, respectively.
Digital fabrication for inexpensive physics experiments: the linear air track
Authors: Goncalves A M B , Calheiro L B
Published: November 2024

In this manuscript, we present a homemade linear air track made of wood and plastic by laser cutting and 3D printing. It can be used for physics experiments on kinematics and dynamics. To exemplify its use, we perform position measurements as a function of time for the gliders moving in the inclined track. The experiment shows the uniformly accelerated motion as expected, and permitted us to verify the low friction coefficient of the air track.
Novel frequency selective B1 focusing passive lenz resonators for substantial MRI signal-to-noise ratio amplification
Authors: Hodgson Aaron , Shepelytskyi Yurii , Batarchuk Viktoriia , Taradeh Nedal Al , Grynko Vira , Albert Mitchell S
Published: November 2024

Objective. The need for increased sensitivity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for its advancement as an imaging modality. The development of passive Lenz Resonators (LRs) for effective RF magnetic field (B1) focusing will improve MRI sensitivity via local amplification of MRI signal, thereby leading to more efficient diagnosis and patient treatment. Approach. While there are methods for amplifying the signal from specific nuclei in MRI, such as hyperpolarization, a general solution will be more advantageous and would work in combination with these preexisting methods. While the Lenz Lens proposed such a general solution based on Lenz’s law and the reciprocity principle, it came at the cost of limited signal enhancement. In this work, the first-in-kind prototype LR was conceived and examined as a general frequency-selective passive flux-focusing element for significant MRI signal enhancement. A 3.0 T Philips Achieva MRI was used to compare the signal from a phantom in the presence of Lenz Lenses, LRs, and control trials with neither component. Main results. An MRI investigation demonstrated an experimental amplification of the signal-to-noise ratio up to 80% using an MRI insert of two coaxial LRs due to superior B1 focusing. The resonators displayed consistent amplification, nearly independent of their x-position within the MRI bore. Significance. This behavior demonstrates the feasibility of imaging large objects of varying shapes without penalties for signal amplification using LRs. The LRs versatility in geometrical design and consistent signal amplifying abilities between pulse sequences should allow for the development of LRs suitable for most commonly used MRI setups.
On the microdosimetric characterisation of the radiation quality of a carbon-ion beam and the effect of the target volume thickness
Authors: Parisi Gabriele , Magrin Giulio , Verona Claudio , Verona-Rinati Gianluca , Barna Sandra , Meouchi Cynthia , Romano Francesco , Schettino Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Objective. Microdosimetry is gaining increasing interest in particle therapy. Thanks to the advancements in microdosimeter technologies and the increasing number of experimental studies carried out in hadron therapy frameworks, it is proving to be a reliable experimental technique for radiation quality characterisation, quality assurance, and radiobiology studies. However, considering the variety of detectors used for microdosimetry, it is important to ensure the consistency of microdosimetric results measured with different types of microdosimeters. Approach. This work presents a novel multi-thickness microdosimeter and a methodology to characterise the radiation quality of a clinical carbon-ion beam. The novel device is a diamond detector made of three sensitive volumes (SVs) of different thicknesses: 2, 6 and 12 µm. The SVs, which operate simultaneously, were accurately aligned and laterally positioned within 3 mm. This alignment allowed for a comparison of the results with a negligible impact of the SVs alignment and their lateral positioning, ensuring the homogeneity of the measured radiation quality. An experimental campaign was carried out at MedAustron using a carbon-ion beam of typical clinical energy (284.7 MeV u−1). Main results. The measurement results allowed for a meticulous interpretation of its radiation quality, highlighting the effect of the SV thickness. The consistency of the microdosimetric spectra measured by detectors of different thicknesses is discussed by critically analysing the spectra and the differences observed. Significance. The methodology presented will be highly valuable for future experiments investigating the effects of the target volume size in radiobiology and could be easily adapted to the other particles employed in hadron therapy for clinical (i.e. protons) and for research purposes (e.g. helium, lithium and oxygen ions).
Preliminary studies into polypropylene composites reinforced with fruit waste biomass: a choice towards sustainability
Authors: Sharma Hitesh , Gairola Sandeep , Misra Joy Prakash , Singh Inderdeep
Published: November 2024

The development of polypropylene (PP) composites filled with a biomass from fruit waste, citrus limetta peel (CLP) fillers is explored in the current study. A polymer matrix consisting of neat polypropylene was filled with 10, 20, and 30% weight percentage (w/w) of CLP. The composite specimens were produced by extrusion followed by injection moulding. In addition to thermal and morphological evaluations, the mechanical properties are determined, including tensile and flexural (both strength and modulus). The primary results demonstrate that, for a 10 weight percent filler content, the inclusion of CLP filler raised the tensile and flexural modulus of the neat PP composites by 20.23% and 14.33%, respectively. All of the composites were found to be thermally stable up to 220 °C through thermal investigation. The burning rate increased with the incorporation of fillers whereas, the dripping effect gets reduced. Filler agglomeration, filler pull out, and poor adherence with increased CLP filler content were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The developed composites have got tremendous potential to be utilized in non-structural applications. The consequences of plastic burden on the environment can also be reduced.
Strategic design of carrier transport layer-free homojunction perovskite photodetector
Authors: Lin Lingyan , Jiang Linqin , Li Ping , Xiong Hao , Lien Shui-Yang , Chen Donyin , Lin Xiaoyuan , Zhang Lili , Qiu Yu
Published: November 2024

Perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique material properties. However, the use of electron and hole transport layers ( ETLs and HTLs) significantly increases the complexity of design and processing and reduces the reliability of the devices. To address these issues effectively, a simple strategy of eliminating the ETLs and HTLs by employing a perovskite homojunction is proposed. In this study, we examine a numerical design of p-n homojunction-based PPD without the use of carrier transport layers (CTLs), using the Silvaco TCAD simulator. To unlock the potential of the proposed design, the effects of doping concentration, mobility, thickness, and bandgap of p-perovskite and n-perovskite on the PPD photoelectric characteristics are investigated and optimized. The simulation results illustrate that a high-performance CTL-free PPD can be achieved by forming a p-n homojunction using a thin (<200 nm) highly-doped (5 × 1017 cm−3) p-perovskite layer and a thick (>600 nm) lowly-doped (5 × 1014 cm−3) n-perovskite layer with suitable mobility (1 ∼ 10 cm2 V−1 s−1). Under optimized conditions, our findings reveal an optimum detectivity of 7.4 × 1013 Jones at 750 nm, the optimum responsivity is found to be 0.42 A W−1 at 675 nm and the optimum EQE is 84% at 475 nm. These results highlight the promising potential of the p-n homojunction design as a device configuration for producing high-performance and reliable commercial PPDs without any CTL.
Design and analysis of dual-band circularly polarized coplanar waveguide antenna for millimeter-wave 5 G applications
Authors: Shebl Seif , Annadurai C , Kumar D Rajesh , Almawgani Abdulkarem H M
Published: November 2024

A dual-band circularly polarized antenna has been designed for millimeter-wave applications, operating over the frequency ranges of 27 GHz to 28.45 GHz and 34.3 GHz to 35.8 GHz. The proposed coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna features a central feed line serving as the main signal conductor, with circular structures arrayed around it acting as radiating elements. These elements are strategically designed for optimal performance at millimeter-wave frequencies. The antenna, with physical dimensions of 8 mm × 7 mm × 0.757 mm, corresponds to approximately 0.72λ × 0.63λ × 0.068λ at 27 GHz, where λ represents the free-space wavelength. Fabricated on a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate, the antenna’s practical measurements exhibit good agreement with simulated results. The antenna achieves an overall gain of up to 6 dBi across the operating bandwidth, maintaining an axial ratio of less than 3 dB. These results confirm the antenna’s efficacy, making it a superior choice for millimeter-wave 5 G applications.
Influence of planar defects on the mechanical behaviors of spherical metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Bian Jianjun , Yuan Weike , Yang Liang , Ding Yue , Yu Xuehui , Shao Zhushan , Zhang Hao , Wang Gangfeng
Published: November 2024

In present study, we adopt molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the influences of typical planar defects, including twin boundaries (TBs), stacking faults (SFs) and grain boundaries (GBs), on the mechanical properties of fcc copper nanoparticles. Groups of nanoparticle samples, including defect-free single crystal and those with specific defects, are examined for elastic modulus, yield strength, and deformation mechanisms. Detailed results reveal that the elastic behavior of nanoparticles can be well described by a modified theoretical model regardless the type of defects. While the planar defects have negligible influence on the elastic modulus, they significantly enhance the yield strength of nanoparticles. Notably, nanoparticles containing fivefold TBs exhibit the highest yield stress, i.e. ∼17.0 GPa, even surpassing that of the defect-free counterparts, i.e. ∼10.0 GP. Analysis of atomic deformation unravels that the distinct yielding behaviors are attributed to the activation of different slip systems and the nucleation of dislocations at specific preferential sites. These findings highlight the potential of fabricating planar defects to tailor the mechanical properties of metallic nanoparticles for targeted applications in nanotechnology and materials science.
Model independent approach for calculating galaxy rotation curves for low S/N MaNGA galaxies
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Shafieloo Arman , Bag Satadru , Denissenya Mikhail , Linder Eric V. , Ranjan Adarsh
Published: November 2024

Internal kinematics of galaxies, traced through the stellar
rotation curve or two dimensional velocity map, carry
important information on galactic structure and dark
matter. With upcoming surveys, the velocity map may play
a key role in the development of kinematic lensing as an
astrophysical probe. We improve techniques for extracting
velocity information from integral field spectroscopy at
low signal-to-noise (S/N), without a template, and demonstrate substantial
advantages over the standard Penalized PiXel-Fitting method (pPXF) approach. Robust
rotation curves can be derived down to S/N ≈ 2 using our method.
Suitability of location for restocking Lola (Trochus niloticus) in Badi Island, Pangkep
Authors: Janna Rihul , Niartiningsih Andi
Published: November 2024

One effort to protect Lola (Trochus niloticus) from extinction is through conservation by designating an area as a restocking zone. This study aims to analyze the suitability of restocking locations for Lola based on the appropriateness of environmental parameter quality with Lola density in the water. This research was conducted in April – May 2021 in Badi Island, Pangkep Regency. The data collected includes environmental parameters and lola density. The research stations were determined using purposive sampling methods based on indicators of the presence of coral reefs, which are Lola’s habitat. The observation stations were divided into two based on environmental characteristics: station 1 in the coral transplant area and station 2 in the natural coral reef area. Lola density data was collected using the swept area method with an observation distance of 30 meters forward and a sweep of 5 meters to the left and right at each repetition. Observation was carried out in 3 repetitions at each station, and each repetition had an interval of 5 meters. The research result showed that Lola density in Badi island ranged from 0.00056 – 0.00278 ind/m2, and the environmental parameter suitability ranged from 84 – 94%. The suitability of lola restocking locations for the suitable class at station 1 in the coral reef transplant area and the highly suitable class at station 2 in the natural coral reef area. Based on the results of this research, the recommendation is to establish a Lola restocking area on Badi Island in a natural coral reef area located in a Marine Protected Area (MPA).