bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative care in an intermediate‐level medical unit after head and neck microvascular free flap reconstruction
Authors: Yu Phoebe K. , Sethi Rosh K.V. , Rathi Vinay , Puram Sidharth V. , Lin Derrick T. , Emerick Kevin S. , Durand Marlene L. , Deschler Daniel G.
Published: November 2018

Objective

The need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation after head and neck microvascular free flap reconstructive surgery remains controversial. Our institution has maintained a longstanding practice of immediately taking patients off mechanical ventilation with subsequent transfer to intermediate, non‐ICU level of care with specialized otolaryngologic nursing. Our objective was to describe postoperative outcomes for a large cohort of patients undergoing this protocol and to examine the need for routine ICU transfer.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 512 consecutive free flaps treated with a standard protocol of immediate postoperative transfer to an intermediate‐level care unit with specialized otolaryngology nursing. Outcome measures included ICU transfer, ventilator requirement, flap failure, postoperative complications, and length of stay. Predictors of ICU transfer were identified by multivariable logistic regression.

Results

The vast majority of patients did not require intensive care. Only a small fraction (n = 18 patients, 3.5%) subsequently transferred to the ICU, most commonly for respiratory distress, cardiac events, and infection. The most common complications were delirium/agitation (n = 55; 10.7%) and pneumonia (n = 51; 10.0%). Sixty‐five cases (12.7%) returned to the OR, most commonly for hematoma/bleeding (n = 41; 8.0%) and anastomosis revision (n = 20; 3.9%). Heavy alcohol consumption and greater number of medical comorbidities were significant predictors of subsequent ICU transfer.

Conclusions

Among head and neck free flap patients, routine cessation of mechanical ventilation and transfer to intermediate‐level care with specialized ENT nursing was found to be safe with infrequent subsequent ICU transfer and low complication rates. Routine transfer to intermediate‐level care in this population may prevent unnecessary ICU utilization and facilitate the delivery of high‐value, disease‐centered care.

Level of Evidence

3b
Solutions with sign information for nonlinear nonhomogeneous problems
Authors: S. Papageorgiou Nikolaos , Winkert Patrick
Published: November 2018

We consider a parametric elliptic equation driven by a nonlinear nonhomogeneous differential operator and with a Robin boundary condition. In the first part we prove the existence of positive solutions and state a bifurcation‐type result describing how the set of positive solutions changes as the parameter varies. In the second part we show that problem admits nodal (sign‐changing) solutions provided the parameter is sufficiently large.
Sensitivity of generalized translog model estimates to alternative Pythagorean means: Evidence from US healthcare
Authors: Lubiani Gregory G. , Okunade Albert A. , Chen Weiwei
Published: November 2018

The generalized translog cost (GTLC) methodology is widely used in applied econometric modeling of production. Usually without rationale, the mean expansion point is overwhelmingly the arithmetic. However, the arithmetic mean could yield biased estimates and inferences. Consequently, our core innovation is testing operational inferences from fitting a dual GTLC model to multiple expansion points of data concerning US physical therapy, an increasingly vital industry. Our panel data includes 4,500 bi‐weekly observations across 27 US states. The study clearly demonstrates how the economic contents (e.g., economies of scale and elasticities) of the underlying production technology differ markedly across the three Pythagorean means.
Eye movement disorders and neurological symptoms in late‐onset inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Koens Lisette H. , Tijssen Marina A.J. , Lange Fiete , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H.R. , Rufa Alessandra , Zee David S. , de Koning Tom J.
Published: November 2018

Inborn errors of metabolism in adults are still largely unexplored. Despite the fact that adult‐onset phenotypes have been known for many years, little attention is given to these disorders in neurological practice. The adult‐onset presentation differs from childhood‐onset phenotypes, often leading to considerable diagnostic delay. The identification of these patients at the earliest stage of disease is important, given that early treatment may prevent or lessen further brain damage. Neurological and psychiatric symptoms occur more frequently in adult forms. Abnormalities of eye movements are also common and can be the presenting sign. Eye movement disorders can be classified as central or peripheral. Central forms are frequently observed in lysosomal storage disorders, whereas peripheral forms are a key feature of mitochondrial disease. Furthermore, oculogyric crisis is an important feature in disorders affecting dopamine syntheses or transport. Ocular motor disorders are often not reported by the patient, and abnormalities can be easily overlooked in a general examination. In adults with unexplained psychiatric and neurological symptoms, a special focus on examination of eye movements can serve as a relatively simple clinical tool to detect a metabolic disorder. Eye movements can be easily quantified and analyzed with video‐oculography, making them a valuable biomarker for following the natural course of disease or the response to therapies. Here, we review, for the first time, eye movement disorders that can occur in inborn errors of metabolism, with a focus on late‐onset forms. We provide a step‐by‐step overview that will help clinicians to examine and interpret eye movement disorders. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Serum soluble lymphocyte activation gene‐3 as a diagnostic biomarker in Parkinson's disease: A pilot multicenter study
Authors: Cui Shi‐shuang , Du Juan‐Juan , Liu Shi‐Hua , Meng Jie , Lin Yi‐Qi , Li Gen , He Yi‐Xi , Zhang Ping‐Chen , Chen Shengdi , Wang Gang
Published: November 2018

Objective

Lymphocyte activation gene‐3 (LAG‐3) could mediate pathological α‐synuclein transmission in neurodegeneration and may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to explore soluble LAG‐3 (sLAG‐3) as a potential diagnostic biomarker for PD.

Methods

Serum sLAG‐3 concentrations were measured by a quantitative ELISA for patients with PD, essential tremor (ET) and age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The relationships between sLAG‐3 and clinical phenotype were assessed via correlation analysis and logistic regression.

Results

Serum sLAG‐3 levels in patients with PD were significantly higher than those in ET patients and age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The area under the curve of serum sLAG‐3 in differentiating PD from age‐ and sex‐matched controls was 0.82. Serum sLAG‐3 was associated with non‐motor symptoms and excessive daytime sleep.

Conclusion

sLAG‐3 is a candidate novel biomarker for PD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Asymptotic behavior of spectral of Neumann‐Poincaré operator in Helmholtz system
Authors: Fang Xiaoping , Deng Youjun , Chen Xiaohong
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we are concerned with the asymptotic behavior of the Neumann‐Poincaré operator in Helmholtz system. By analyzing the asymptotic behavior of spherical Bessel function near the origin and/or approach higher order, we prove the asymptotic behavior of spectral of Neumann‐Poincaré operator when frequency is small enough and/or the order is large enough. The results show that spectral of Neumann‐Poincaré operator is continuous at the origin and converges to 0 from the complex plane in general.
Single‐/dual‐band triple‐mode cavity filters with wide tunable frequency range
Authors: Wong Sai‐Wai , Deng Fei , Li Eric S.
Published: November 2018

Two third‐order continuously tunable bandpass filters featuring single‐/dual‐band operations, respectively, are presented in this letter. One requires a set of three metallic posts in a single metallic cavity, while the other needs one more set to achieve the desired dual‐band operation. The length of each post is adjusted through a screw from its top to establish the center frequency of the passband. Moreover, the coupling among these three resonators can be controlled by varying their locations to determine the bandwidth of the passband. At the bottom of the cavity, grooves are created to linearize and extend the frequency tuning range. In addition, compared to traditional coaxial cavity filters, the proposed designs offer the advantages of ease in fabrication and low in weight. A practical example for the dual‐band design is presented for experimental verification. The simulated range for the tunable passband is from 0.8 to 3.2 GHz, which amounts to a fractional bandwidth of 120%. The simulated results agree well with the measured data.
Phosphate‐Loaded Hydrogel Nanoparticles for Sepsis Prevention Prepared via Inverse Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Vadlamudi Srivishnu , Nichols Dylan , Papavasiliou Georgia , Teymour Fouad
Published: November 2018

Local depletion of intestinal phosphate triggers changes in bacterial phenotypes that adversely affect the health of the host. This article describes a process for encapsulating phosphates in crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) nanoparticles using inverse miniemulsion polymerization as a drug delivery approach for sustained release of phosphates to the intestinal epithelium. The effects of crosslinker, PEGDA co‐monomer, N‐vinyl pyrrolidone, (NVP) and surfactant concentrations on the nanoparticle size distribution, swelling ratio and monomer conversion are investigated. Increased surfactant and PEGDA concentrations result in smaller particle size and swelling ratio. A copolymerization model of crosslinking is used to predict conversion and gelation dynamics as a function of polymerization conditions. The model assumes that bulk polymerization can be used to approximate inverse miniemulsion polymerization with an aqueous‐phase initiator. The initiator efficiency is used as an adjustable parameter to simulate the conversion dynamics, thus accounting for radical confinement effects and interaction with emulsifier molecules.
Investigation of electrochemical properties and gas adsorption studies of novel sandwich core phthalocyanines
Authors: Şenocak Ahmet , Köksoy Baybars , Demirbaş Erhan , Durmuş Mahmut
Published: November 2018

In this study, bis(tetra‐iodo‐phthalocyanine)s containing different lanthanide (III) metals, namely, samarium (III) (SmPc2), europium (III) (EuPc2), gadolinium (III) (GdPc2), dysprosium (III) (DyPc2), and terbium (III) (TbPc2) were synthesized for the first time, and their structural characterizations were determined by elemental analyses and different spectroscopic methods such as Ultraviolet–Visible (UV‐Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF). Moreover, voltammetric, in situ spectroelectrochemical, chemical redox, and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas adsorption properties of the synthesized compounds were evaluated. The distinct spectral and color changes during the redox reactions for the complexes indicated a potential use in electrochromic materials. In addition, ammonia gas adsorption properties of the complexes were found to be relevant to central metal atom size, and the value for the ammonia gas adsorption at 15 μg/L was the highest for SmPc2 (20 ng), and the lowest was DyPc2 (1.4 ng).
TMT‐Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Proteomic Changes Involved in Longevity
Authors: Wang Zongkui , Zhang Rong , Liu Fengjuan , Jiang Peng , Xu Jun , Cao Haijun , Du Xi , Ma Li , Lin Fangzhao , Cheng Lu , Zhou Xuefeng , Shi Zhihui , Liu Yeheng , Huang Yaojing , Ye Shengliang , Li Changqing
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Individual lifespans vary widely, and longevity is the main concern from ancient to modern times. This study is aimed to identify plasma proteins associated with longevity by proteomics technique.

Experimental design

Tandem mass tags (TMT)‐based proteomics analysis is performed for the plasma of Bama longevity group and a control group to analyze the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). A validation set is used to verify the results of TMT‐based proteomics.

Results

Between Bama natives and the control individuals, the authors identify 175 DEPs, which are mainly involved in complement and coagulation cascades, metabolism of glyco and lipid, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Consistent with the proteomic analysis, plasma levels of MMP2, CCL5, and PF4 are significantly lower in Bama participants than in controls, whereas IGFBP2 and C9 increase in Bama individuals, in the validation set. By ROC analysis, combinations of these five proteins result in a high AUC value (0.991, 95% CI, 0.929–1.000, p < 0.0001) to distinguish longevous participants from controls.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The results highlight the roles of complement and coagulation cascades, metabolism of glyco and lipid, and inflammatory and immune response may play important roles in longevity. And the DEPs may serve as clinically useful biomarkers for healthy aging and predicting longevity.
iTRAQ‐Based Quantitative Proteomics Approach Identifies Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers That Were Essential for Glutamine Metabolism and Redox Homeostasis for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Zhang Chenghua , Gan Li , Jia Yuewang , Xiong Yu , Chen Yujiang , Wang Zhi , Wang Linfeng , Luo Hao , Li Juexi , Zhu Rui , Ji Xingli , Yu Qin , Wang Li
Published: November 2018

Purpose

To screen the novel biomarkers for gastric cancer and to determine the values of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) and gamma‐glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) for detecting gastric cancer.

Experimental design

A discovery group of four paired gastric cancer tissue samples are labeled with Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation agents and identified with LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. A validation group of 168 gastric cancer samples and 30 healthy controls are used to validate the expression of GLS1 and GGCT.

Results

Four hundred and thirty‐one proteins are found differentially expressed in gastric cancer tissues. Of these proteins, GLS1 and GGCT are found overexpressed in gastric cancer patients, with sensitivity of 75.6% (95% CI: 69–82.2%) and specificity of 81% (95% CI: 75–87%) for GLS1, and with sensitivity of 63.1% (95% CI: 55.7–71.5%) and specificity of 60.7% (95% CI: 53.3–68.2%) for GGCT. The co‐expression of GLS1 and GGCT in gastric cancer tissues has sensitivity of 78.1% (95% CI: 70.1–86.1%) and specificity of 86.5% (95% CI: 79.5–93.4%). Moreover, both GLS1 and GGCT present higher expression of 82.6% (95% CI: 68.5–99.4%) and 73.9% (95% CI: 54.5–93.3%) in lymph node metastasis specimen than those in non‐lymph node metastasis specimen. The areas under ROC curves are up to 0.734 for the co‐expression of GLS1 and GGCT in gastric cancer. The co‐expression of GLS1 and GGCT is strongly associated with histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The present study provides the quantitative proteomic analysis of gastric cancer tissues to identify prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancer. The co‐expression level of GLS1 and GGCT is of great clinical value to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for early gastric cancer.
The Effects of Confinement on the Fracturing Performance of Printed Nanothermites
Authors: Westphal Eric R. , Murray Allison K. , McConnell Miranda P. , Fleck Trevor J. , Chiu George T.‐C. , Rhoads Jeffrey F. , Gunduz I. Emre , Son Steven F.
Published: November 2018

Nanothermites have shown the potential to controllably fracture substrates in applications such as electromechanical systems security. In prior work, both equivalence ratio and material formulation have been varied to tailor fracturing performance. In this paper, material confinement was utilized to further tailor the fracturing performance of aluminum bismuth (III) oxide (Al/Bi2O3) and aluminum copper (II) oxide (Al/CuO) nanothermites. These nanothermites were selectively deposited onto representative substrates through inkjet printing. Al/Bi2O3 nanothermites were prepared over a range of equivalence ratios and showed a range of resulting fragmentation, with a maximum near the equivalence ratio of ϕ=2. Burning rate measurements correlated with the trends seen in these experiments. All of the previous attempts at fragmenting a substrate using unconfined Al/CuO were unsuccessful. The prepared Al/CuO nanothermites at stoichiometric conditions resulted in fractured silicon substrates when confined. These results demonstrate the ability of confinement to further tailor the fracturing performance of nanothermites.
Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Hebrew version of the Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale
Authors: Roitenberg Neta
Published: November 2018

Background and purpose

Physiotherapists' different attitudes towards low back pain (LBP) are associated with patients' attitudes towards pain and with patients' disability. The Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC‐Pairs) is a self‐administered instrument that assesses the attitudes and beliefs of health care professionals regarding LBP and the patient's daily function. The aims of this study are to translate, culturally adapt, and asses the psychometric properties of the Hebrew version of the HC‐Pairs.

Methods

The English version of the HC‐Pairs was forward–backward translated, pretested, and reviewed by a panel of experts. Reliability was determined by computing Cronbach's α, and validity by exploring the correlations between the HC‐Pairs' scores and the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS‐PT) scores. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A convenience sample of 277 physiotherapists was invited to fill the HC‐Pairs and PABS‐PT questionnaires and a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Results

The forward–backward translation process revealed minor discrepancies between the texts. After the pretest, the expert panel agreed on a final version. A sample of 241 physiotherapists completed the questionnaires (response rate of 87%; 241/277); 213 met the inclusion criteria. Factor analysis suggests that the Hebrew version of the scale fits the one‐factor model. Cronbach's α was 0.81 after deletion of two items and indicated good internal consistency. The scores produced by the instrument showed a substantial correlation with those of the biomedical dimension of the PABS‐PT, and poor correlation with the behavioural dimension, in the expected directions.

Conclusion

The findings of the present study on the psychometric properties of the HC‐Pairs are positive. Nevertheless, the Hebrew version of the HC‐Pairs is still in a developmental stage. Further psychometric research is needed to assess the attitudes and beliefs of Hebrew‐speaking physiotherapists, which have been shown to be associated with treatment orientations and work recommendations.
BN as a Saturable Absorber for a Passively Mode‐Locked 2 µm Solid‐State Laser
Authors: Li Linjun , Yang Xining , Zhou Long , Xie Wenqiang , Bai Yunfeng , Ye Gangchao , Shen Yingjie , Lv Zhiwei , Zhang Han , Chen Minghua , Yang Yuqiang , Yang Wenlong , Duan Xiaoming
Published: November 2018

Boron nitride (BN) nanosheets are prepared using an ultrasonic decomposition method and demonstrated nonlinear absorption characteristics that saturated at near 2 µm. A passively mode‐locked Tm:YAP laser was perfectly implemented with the BN nanosheets as a saturable absorber (SA). In the passively Q‐switched mode‐locked mode, an average output power of 880 mW with a pulse duration of 478.83 ps was achieved using an incident pump power of 26.46 W, corresponding to an optical–optical conversion efficiency of 3.33%. A pulse peak power of 19.03 W was acquired at 1937.0 nm from the mode‐locked Tm:YAP laser.
Pleuritis with pleural effusion due to a Bacillus megaterium infection
Authors: Crisafulli Ernesto , Aredano Ilaria , Valzano Ilaria , Burgazzi Barbara , Andrani Francesco , Chetta Alfredo
Published: November 2018

Pleural effusions may be related to pleuro‐pulmonary or systemic disorders, including malignancy. Thoracentesis and thoracoscopy may be useful to diagnosis. In some cases, the diagnosis may be difficult and uncommon. We report the case of a hospitalized male for a pleuritis, with pleural effusion caused by a Bacillus megaterium infection, a Gram‐positive, aerobic, spore‐forming, and rod‐shaped bacterium. To our knowledge, our case report is the first evidence of pleuritis due to B. megaterium. In the literature, up to now, B. megaterium infection has only been reported as involving the eye, skin, and brain.
An innovative feature selection method for support vector machines and its test on the estimation of the credit risk of default
Authors: Sariev Eduard , Germano Guido
Published: November 2018

Support vector machines (SVM) have been extensively used for classification problems in many areas such as gene, text and image recognition. However, SVM have been rarely used to estimate the probability of default (PD) in credit risk. In this paper, we advocate the application of SVM, rather than the popular logistic regression (LR) method, for the estimation of both corporate and retail PD. Our results indicate that most of the time SVM outperforms LR in terms of classification accuracy for the corporate and retail segments. We propose a new wrapper feature selection based on maximizing the distance of the support vectors from the separating hyperplane and apply it to identify the main PD drivers. We used three datasets to test the PD estimation, containing (1) retail obligors from Germany, (2) corporate obligors from Eastern Europe, and (3) corporate obligors from Poland. Total assets, total liabilities, and sales are identified as frequent default drivers for the corporate datasets, whereas current account status and duration of the current account are frequent default drivers for the retail dataset.
Robust observer‐based output feedback controller for nonlinear systems with uncertain triangular and nontriangular nonlinearities and diagonal terms
Authors: Oh Sang‐Young , Choi Ho‐Lim
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we provide a robust observer‐based output feedback control scheme for a class of nonlinear systems where there are uncertain triangular and nontriangular nonlinearities, nontrivial diagonal terms, and external disturbance. The presence of diagonal terms is the main generalized feature over the existing results. In order to handle the diagonal terms, there is a gain‐scaling factor in the proposed controller. Through the analysis, we show that all states and observer errors of the controlled system remain bounded. Moreover, the ultimate bounds of some states and observer errors can be made (arbitrarily) small by adjusting the gain‐scaling factor reflecting on the structure of nonlinearities and external disturbance. The validity of our control scheme is experimentally verified via the ball position control of an electromagnetic levitation system.
Sustainable development and architectural practice: Framing strategic approaches in the United Kingdom
Authors: Grover Robert , Emmitt Stephen , Copping Alexander
Published: November 2018

The concept of sustainability is widely accepted in the design of the built environment; however, in architectural practice, there exist multiple, often competing, interpretations and agendas. This research analyses this variety and develops a unique framework that reveals actual and potential paths for sustainable design. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 24 high‐profile sustainable architecture practices in the United Kingdom. The data reveal a range of sustainable practice, which is grouped into consistent strategies. This forms the basis of an original evaluative framework that classifies alternative approaches providing a means to contextualise different, yet equally valid, design scenarios. The findings reconceptualise sustainable design paradigms and reveal new opportunities for enhancing practice. This has implications for professional organisations, who are able to shape practice through recognised standards, as well as designers themselves. It also has significance for the education of architects who are able to explore new avenues for sustainable design.
1.2: Invited Paper: Implementation of Full Panel IR‐Drop Simulation for AMOLED Display Using Current SPICE Toolkit
Authors: Wang Longyan , Jia Xiyang , Zhao Guohua , Fan Longfei , Wu Jianlong , Han Zhenzhen , Hu Siming , Ma Zhanjie , Zhu Hui , Zhu Xiujian , Huang Xiuqi
Published: November 2018

The IR‐drop in the full AMOLED display panel caused by the pixel current is simulated within the mainstream SPICE toolkit to evaluate the display uniformity. Each electrical part of the display panel is simplified and equalized to allow the SPICE doing the very large scale calculation. The implementation of the full panel simulation and the results give better understanding of AMOLED panel design.
1.3: An Evaluation Method of TFT Integrated Gate Driver for UHD Display
Authors: Liao Congwei , Wang Ying , Zeng Limei , Zhou Yifang , Wang Tianhong , Lv Xiaowen , Lin Lei , Liu Xiaodi , Jiang Boren , Chen Shuzhi , Zhang Min , Zhang Shengdong
Published: November 2018

Reliability issues of TFT integrated gate driver are still of great concern for large size (i.e. TV) display applications, especially for a‐Si:H TFT integrated panels with stressing test of high temperature and high humidity (HTHHO). In this paper, current detection method is proposed for gate driver failure identification. Measurements of 55‐inch UHD TV (4K) panel with integrated gate driver are carried out. It is found that gate driver failure after HTHHO are strongly associates with via‐hole open of clock bus‐lines. It is demonstrated that current through clock lines will be increased with prolonged falling edge due to multi‐pulses of gate driver outputs. And clock bus‐line open is caused by oxygen of Cu after long operating time during the stressing test.
4.1: The influence of adhesives and binders resistivities on the optic performance of electrophoretic display modules
Authors: Ma Baoguang , Guo Yulin , Luo Yujie , Zeng Xi , Chen Yu
Published: November 2018

With broad commercial applications of electrophoretic display, it is important to continuously improve its optic performance, including white reflectivity, dark reflectivity, response time, holding time, etc. However, due to the complexity of electrophoretic modules, the display performance is influenced by numerous factors. Among these factors, the resistivities of electrophoretic modules adhesives and binders are essential due to their significant influence on the voltage applied to the electrophoretic layer. In this paper, the adhesives and binders with different resistivities, which are commercially used, are investigated. The results show that the decrease of resistivities in adhesives and binders are beneficial for display performance.
5.1: A Gamut Mapping Algorithm Based on Partition Mapping Method
Authors: Rao Yang , Pu Yiying , Syu Shen-Sian , Jou Ming-Jong
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a new partition mapping method is adopted in gamut mapping algorithms (GMAs). It takes both color difference (ΔE) and details into account. Meanwhile, lightness variation is regarded more important than ΔE in low lightness area. Subjective experiment shows that observers prefer proposed method than HPMINDE or SGCK in aspect of similarity to original images.
10.2: Invited Paper: Development Prospect of Micro‐OLED Display Drive Technology
Authors: Li Shouxin
Published: November 2018

This article mainly introduces the development and current situation of the driving technology of Micro‐OLED Displays, and analyzes the technical characteristics and the trends of future Micro‐OLED driving in combination with the market demand. According to the application of the AR / VR for High‐Resolution, High PPI, High Brightness Micro‐OLED Displays, Focus on introducing the advancing technologies that innovated by GoldenSi Tech company such as the UHR high resolution technology, Digital‐Analog Hybrid driving technology, HRR(High Refresh Rate) and DSF(Dynamic Sub‐field Drive) technologies , image processing and image quality optimization technologies, and propose a chip design architecture that meets the requirements of the next generation of Micro‐OLED/MicroLED Display drivers.
12.3: 4K‐UHD 3D Display Processing System Based on FPGA
Authors: Lihua GENG , Chuang WEI , Xiao ZHANG , Changlin LENG , Yanfu LI
Published: November 2018

BOE 4K‐UHD (Ultra‐High‐Definition, 3840x2160) 3D display processing system based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) technology, realizes receiving, processing and transmitting of 4K 3D video. In details, 4K 3D video processing functions including interlacing, deinterlacing, stretching, frame rate conversion, mirror image, depth of field adjustment, 2D/3D switching and so on, can be used in the 4K 3D display system. The display system takes advantages of parallel processing architecture based on FPGA device to enhance the ability and efficiency of processing high resolution image, increase the system throughput, which can reach up to 16Gbps, and reduce the system delay, the minimum of which can be within 10ms. Besides, the mainstream video interface protocols including SD/HD/3G‐SDI, DisplayPort 1.2, DVI, are realized in FPGA device without the additional protocol conversion chips. This saves space and power. Additionally, the display system supports various 3D formats, including Side‐by‐Side, Line‐by‐Line, and Dual‐Link. This paper will give a detailed description of the system architecture and key technologies of the display system.
13.2: Invited Paper: Study on the influential factors of display image quality
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Wang Junyi , Wang Jian , Wang Feixia , Tu Yan , Liu Xianrong , Gao Yuling , Tian Youliang , Dong Yuzhen , Wang Yedong , Liu Weidong
Published: November 2018

There are many factors that affect the quality of the display image, such as luminance, colorfulness, contrast, resolution, naturalness, gradation and so on. However, these factors are closely related to each other. It is difficult to consider the weight of these factors for the image quality respectively. On the basis of the research published literatures, four independent parameters and gamma characteristics are summarized, and JND analysis is carried out respectively. The experiment and analysis method of the influence of each parameter on the quality weight of the display image are discussed, and the preliminary test results are summarized.
16.4: Novel SFT Mode Pixel Design for High Viewing Angle of Contrast at Automotive Applications
Authors: Zhou Jun , Ding Zong-cai , Chen Jiang-chuan , Wang Jian-hong , Zhang Yu , Li Jun
Published: November 2018

Customers will concern about different optical parameters in different display applications. Mobile phone displays focused on high transmittance rates, the higher transmittance rates, the lower cost and power consumption. Automotive displays focused on viewing angle of contrast, especially at horizontal direction, because the CID is at the center of driver and co‐driver. Therefore, the applications of SFT mode display change from mobile phone to automotive, the pixel design changes from vertical 2‐domain to horizontal 2‐domain. Tianma proposes a novel SFT mode pixel design, which adopts fake horizontal 2‐domain and stretches the Common ITO space to the boundary of Source line. Compared to the traditional design and high contrast ratio design, the novel pixel design can improve both the contrast ratio and transmittance rates about 20%.
17.2: New Decorative Patterning Technology and Materials on 3‐Dimensional Surfaces for Bendable Display
Authors: Lin Wen-Fu , Hsu Ming-Ann , Chiang Chi-Hung
Published: November 2018

Precise pattern printing techniques on 3‐dimensional or concave substrate surface is very difficult but very demanding for bendable displays. In combination of new advanced spray coating photoresists, a programmable spray coater, exposure process by Laser Direct Image (LDI) and 3D photomask exposure, a novel patterning solution was developed for 3‐dimensional substrate surface via Photolithographic processes. The patterning technology can achieve better than 50um resolution on the curved surface and also provided with various decorative effects including clear optical texture patterns, traditional colors, metal‐like or chameleon effect patterns without vacuum deposition needed. Highly demanded 3D cover glass for mobile and automobile bendable displays can be volume manufactured by this solution with high throughput and low cost.
21.3: UHD 3D medical system of small and medium size monitor
Authors: Tong Lu , Zhang Xiao , Guan Enhui , Leng Changlin , Chen Shuo , Wang Yongbo
Published: November 2018

With the development of ultra‐high definition (UHD) display technology and stereoscopic 3D display technology, 3D ultra‐high monitor will help surgeons obtain the spatial hierarchy of internal tissues, identify tissue surfaces and blood vessels clearly, locate the focus precisely and reduce surgery time. Compared with normal 2D medical monitors, 3D medical monitors will lose more brightness because of the 3D application, so it is necessary to design a high‐brightness backlight system to guarantee the display stability and the accuracy of the diagnosis. This paper presents a novel processing system for 4K UHD 3D medical monitor with the architecture combined with universal SOC (System on a Chip) and specialized FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). It is designed that a hardware system with high efficiency and reliable brightness stability control for small and medium sized monitors. Furthermore, we analyze the two dimming modes of linear dimming and PWM dimming for a better application in medical monitor.
24.2: Invited Paper: High Mobility Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors on Basis of a Microstructure Modification
Authors: Shin Yeonwoo , Kim Sang Tae , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: November 2018

The crystallization as an approach to improve the field‐effect mobility of metal oxide transistors was attempted for zinc tin oxide (ZTO) and indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) systems. The formation of metal capping layer on the channel layer and subsequent careful thermal annealing allows the amorphous ZTO and IGZO to be crystallized at a low temperature of ≤ 400 °C. It was shown that the crystallized ZTO and IGZO transistor exhibited high mobility of > 30 cm2/Vs and Ion/off ratio of > 107.
24.3: Short‐Channel Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor Enabled by Thermal Dehydrogenation and Oxidizing Defect‐Suppression
Authors: Lu Lei , Li Jiapeng , Lv Nannan , Xia Zhihe , Feng Zhuoqun , Wang Sisi , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: November 2018

The effective “short‐channel effect (SCE)” hindered the downscaling of IGZO TFT and thus prevented its further application to next‐generation displays with much higher resolution and ppi. The “SCE” was found to be caused by the common hydrogen dopant and native donor defect. Although the dehydrogenation can be realized using a heat‐treatment, its efficiency dramatically decreased with the annealing time increasing. On the other hand, improper annealing ambience would rather than reduce but enhance the SCE by generating additional donor defects. The high‐performance short‐channel IGZO TFT was achieved by using a long‐enough thermal oxidization to suppress both hydrogen and defects.
24.5: Back‐Channel‐Etched a‐IGZO TFTs with TiO2:Nb Protective Layer
Authors: Zhang Letao , Zhou Xiaoliang , Shao Yang , Zhang Shengdong
Published: November 2018

A back‐channel‐etched (BCE) process for the fabrication of a‐IGZO TFTs is demonstrated, in which conductive TiO2:Nb (TNO) thin film is used to serve as protective layer for the a‐IGZO active layer. TNO film could excellently protect a‐IGZO due to its ultra‐small surface roughness. With treatment by N2O plasma + 200°C annealing, the conductive TNO can be converted into an insulator to serve as an in situ passivation layer. Besides, the TNO in the source—drain (S‐D) region remain conductive due to the protection of S‐D electrodes, which could be proved by the XPS results. Compare with the conventional device without TNO protective layer, the S‐D parasitic resistance (RSD) of devices with 1 nm and 5 nm TNO is significantly reduced. The positive bias stress stability is improved as well for the devices with TNO in situ passivation layer.
25.1: Invited Paper: Quantum dots based full‐color display on micro‐light‐emitting‐diode technology
Authors: LIN CHIH-HAO , LEE CHUN-FU , LIN CHIEN-CHUNG , CHU CHEN-HSIEN , SHER CHIN-WEI , LIU ZHAO-JUN , KUO HAO-CHUNG
Published: November 2018

In this study, we would like to demonstrate a quantum‐dot (QD)‐based full‐color emission red‐green‐blue (RGB) micro‐light‐emitting‐diode (micro‐LED) array with the reduced optical cross‐talk effect by a photoresist mold method. The UV micro‐LED array is used as an efficient excitation source for the QDs. The aerosol jet technique provides a narrow linewidth on the micrometer scale for a precise jet of QDs on the micro‐LEDs. In order to reduce the optical cross‐talk effect, a simple lithography method and photoresist are used to fabricate the mold, which consists of a window for QD jetting and a blocking wall for cross‐talk reduction. The cross‐talk effect of the well‐confined QDs in the window is confirmed by a fluorescence microscope, which shows clear independence QD pixels. A distributed Bragg reflector is covered on the micro‐LED array and the QDs’ jetted mold to further increase the reuse of UV light. The enhanced light emission of the QDs is 5%, 32%, and 23% for blue, green, and red QDs, respectively.
28.2: Invited Paper: Innovations in Automotive Optical Display Measurements
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: November 2018

Automotive displays have unique requirements in terms of optical performance and longevity in harsh environment. CE displays set the pace for visual performance. Automotive displays require therefore enormous and costly effort for validation. This paper presents the German Cooperation Model and selected topics like gamma, viewing angle and ambient light.
30.2: Amorphous Silicon Thin‐Film Transistor Gate Driver Circuit Design with Time Division Driving Method for In‐Cell Touch Display Panel
Authors: Ke Jhongciao , Chung Techen , Liao Chiate , Yu Chiamin , Qiao Yanbing , Zou Zhongfei , Guo Xiaojun
Published: November 2018

In this paper, an integrated hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin‐film transistor (TFT) gate driver circuit design with the time division driving method is demonstrated for in‐cell touch display panels. The design can avoid long‐term biasing of the pull‐up TFT in the conventional gate driver circuits and address the issues due to leakage current at Q node in the circuit during the touch sensing period. Therefore, the overall reliability of the circuit is improved. The design of the circuit is also simple without needing any additional signal inputs. As a result, the proposed circuit design can be used to pause display operation to perform touch sensing operation several times per frame, which can realize 60 Hz display scanning and 120 Hz touch reporting rate.
30.3: The world's first prototype of 85‐inch 8K4K 120Hz LCD with BCE‐IGZO structure and GOA design
Authors: Zhao Ying-Chun , Zhao Feng , Chang CK , Chiu Chung-Yi , RAY  , Shi Long-Qiang , Ge Shi-Min , Kong Zeng-Jie , Deng Tong-Shuai , Xu Feng-Cheng , Du Peng
Published: November 2018

We have developed a 85‐in. 120Hz‐Driven 8%4% VA‐LCD which succesfully applied BCE IGZO in GOA to gain super resolution, ultra ‐ high refresh rate for the first time in the world .
31.4: Invited Paper: Long‐lifetime Blue Organic Light‐emitting Diode
Authors: Tseng Po-Chen , Lee Ming-Zer , Hsieh Julie , Chen Stanley , Lee Jiun-Haw
Published: November 2018

36% elongation of operation lifetime was achieved in a blue triplet‐triplet annihilation organic light‐emitting diode (TTA‐OLED) by using a new hole‐transporting layer (HTL) material, which exhibited suitable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level for hole‐injection, and had high hole‐mobility to improve carrier balance. Besides, it was robust against electron accumulation between the interface of the HTL and the emitting layer.
32.2: Multifunctional electrohydrodynamic printing and its industrial applications in flat panel display manufacturing
Authors: Li Huayang , Duan Yongqing , Jin Jiangjiang , Huang Jing , Zhang Wenzhi , Guo Tianfu , Hsu Hsiang Lun , Huang YongAn
Published: November 2018

Inkjet printing has become a robust, effective and powerful technique for display manufacturing due to its compatibility with large‐area substrates, and cost effectiveness. However, conventional inkjet printing that relies on thermal or piezoelectric actuation falls short to fabricate the high‐resolution components, and is inapplicable to highly viscous materials. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, which adopts electrical field force to pull the fluid flow from the Taylor cone at the nozzle, exhibits the ultra‐high resolution (even to the nanoscale) and excellent compatibility with highly viscous inks. This paper has presented the promising applications of EHD printing in display manufacturing, e.g. micro dams for boundary definition, organic thin films for encapsulation, and micro lens array for light extraction. Dams with width/thickness of 1∼20 μm/0.5∼3 μm have been directly written on test element group border in a cost‐effective and high‐efficient manner, to replace traditional lithography and etching process in boundary definition. By adopting EHD printing to eject smaller droplets, the thickness of the organic layer in thin film encapsulation has been decreased to less than 6 pm, which is far beyond the current industrial level (8∼12 μm), and making the device to be more flexible. Further, micro lens array with diameters ranging from 3 μm to 20 μm have been directly fabricated on the encapsulation layer of OLED, which make light outcoupling more effective.
34.3: A Dual Depth Head Up Display System for Vehicle
Authors: Shi Bingchuan , Hong Tao , Wei Wei , Li Dianmeng , Yang Fan , Wang Xin , Wu Naifu , Zhou Chunmiao
Published: November 2018

Vehicle mounted augmented reality head up display (AR‐HUD) helps in focusing a driver's attention on traffic surroundings. We have developed a dual depth windshield type HUD prototype containing an AR image and a common one. The throw distance of the AR image is 7.5m, with a FOV of 10°×5°, while, the throw distance of the common one is 2.5m, with a FOV of 5°×1°. Two 5 inch LCD panel are used as the picture generate unit. Off‐axis reflective optical system including a freeform mirror is applied to realize dual depth display in a common light path. A special apodization back light module is designed to meet the demands of the high luminance illumination. The test result shows the main parameters of the prototype meet the design requirement.
39.2: Invited Paper: Fixed reactive monomer on the PI side chain to simplify the UV process in PS‐VA technology
Authors: Zhang Yu , Song Yan-Jun , Zhao Yong-Chao , Zhao Ren-Tang , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Chiu Chung-Yi , Lee Chia-Yu , Lin His-Chien
Published: November 2018

We fixed reactive monomer (RM) on the side chain of Polyimide (PI), successfully removed the UV2 process, and named as Surface Control Vertivally Aligned (SC‐VA) technology. At present, Polymer Stabilized Vertivally Aligned (PSVA) technology need long time irradiation (UV2 process) to remove residual RM, to ensure good reliabitity performance. The liquid crystal alignment process of SC‐VA same as PSVA, the panel is applied voltage, meanwhile, irradiated by UV light. Reliabitity performance is excellent although bypass UV2 process. The contrast ratio potential improved beacause of smooth PI suface.
41.3: A flat‐panel holographic‐optical‐element system for holographic augmented reality display with a beam expander
Authors: Zhou Pengcheng , Li Yan , Liu Shuxin , Chen Quanming , Wang Yunfeng , Li Sida , Liu Yueda , Su Yikai
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate a compact design for holographic augmented reality displays using two holographic optical elements (HOEs). In the method, the two HOEs, which are properly set in a flat‐panel form, function as a beam expander and see‐through eyepiece simultaneously. There is no traditional optical element in the system, resulting in a compact and lightweight design. The feasibility of this design is experimentally verified.
43.3: Room Temperature Solution Processing Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrode by Combining with a Biocompatible Polymer for Organic Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Lian Lu , Dong Dan , Feng Dongxu , He Gufeng
Published: November 2018

Highly‐smooth AgNW/alginate film with Rs of 2.5 Ω/sq and transmittance of 86% is achieved by CaCl2 treatment and mechanical pressing. Dipped into CaCl2 solution, the AgNWs are better‐welded, and film adhesion and stability are improved significantly. The OLED employing this composite film as anode presents better performance than ITO device.
44.1: Invited Paper: High Performance Organic Field Effect Transistor Materials for Printed Organic Electronics
Authors: Yu Seonghan
Published: November 2018

Organic Field Effect Transistors for display backplanes and circuitry require materials that guarantee high performance and enable robust processes. To meet these needs, BASF is developing solution‐processable organic semiconductors and matching photo‐patternable dielectrics which are tailored to a variety of coating and printing processes. We present a market‐ready material set giving field effect transistors with mobilities of 1 cm2/Vs based on a scalable, highly homogenous process. Next generation materials demonstrate mobilities of up to 4 cm2/Vs. For process integration we showcase a simplified i‐line photopatterning process that reduces the number of steps compared to classical photolithography without loss of system performance.
45.1: Invited Paper: Formulation of Jones matrix for the general reflective birefringent medium
Authors: Lien Shui-Chih Alan
Published: November 2018

We have formulated the Jones matrix for the general reflective birefringent medium and derived an expression of the intensity reflectivity for the general reflective birefringent medium with a single polarizer. Two examples are illustrated to show how one can use them in real cases.
49.2: Invited Paper: Research and Applications of Amorphous Metal‐Oxide Semiconductor Devices ‐ In‐Ga‐Zn‐O and Ga‐Sn‐O Thin‐Film Devices ‐
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Kamiya Toshio , Matsuda Tokiyoshi , Umeda Kenta , Fukawa Asuka , Nakashima Yasuhiko
Published: November 2018

IGZO TFTs are analyzed, and GTO devices are introduced as rare metal free devices. GTO TFTs are made by simple sputtering, and the performance is excellent, such as, mobility=34.6 cm2/Vs, good stability, etc. We propose applications of IGZO and GTO devices to not only FPDs but also thermoelectric and neuromorphic devices.
P‐1.3: The conductivity modulation of amorphous zinc tin oxide thin film by Ar plasma treatment
Authors: Wang Gang , Chang Baozhu , Wang Shenglei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: November 2018

We propose a method to form low‐resistance amorphous zinc tin oxide thin film (a‐ZTO) by Ar plasma. The results show that the Ar plasma treatment can effectively decrease the resistivity of the a‐ZTO. The ZTO film treated with Ar plasma at suitable time and moderate operating power, exhibits a low sheet resistance of 2.3 kΩ/□. With the help of PECVD‐SiOx coverage layer, the sheet resistance of Ar‐plasam treated ZTO is enhanced and increases only one order of magnitude after annealing at 230 °C. As a result, an optimized Ar plasma treatment for fabrication of low‐resistance a‐ZTO film is presented.