bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extreme Magneto-transport of Bulk Carbon Nanotubes in Sorted Electronic Concentrations and Aligned High Performance Fiber
Authors: Bulmer John S. , Lekawa-Raus Agnieszka , Rickel Dwight G. , Balakirev Fedor F. , Koziol Krzysztof K.
Published: September 2017

We explored high-field (60 T) magneto-resistance (MR) with two carbon nanotube (CNT) material classes: (1) unaligned single-wall CNTs (SWCNT) films with controlled metallic SWCNT concentrations and doping degree and (2) CNT fiber with aligned, long-length microstructure. All unaligned SWCNT films showed localized hopping transport where high-field MR saturation definitively supports spin polarization instead of a more prevalent wave function shrinking mechanism. Nitric acid exposure induced an insulator to metal transition and reduced the positive MR component. Aligned CNT fiber, already on the metal side of the insulator to metal transition, had positive MR without saturation and was assigned to classical MR involving electronic mobility. Subtracting high-field fits from the aligned fiber’s MR yielded an unconfounded negative MR, which was assigned to weak localization. It is concluded that fluctuation induced tunnelling, an extrinsic transport model accounting for most of the aligned fiber’s room temperature resistance, appears to lack MR field dependence.
Tailoring Transport Properties Aiming for Versatile Ionic Liquids and Poly(Ionic Liquids) for Electrochromic and Gas Capture Applications
Authors: Torresi Roberto M. , Corrêa Cintia M. , Benedetti Tânia M. , Martins Vitor L.
Published: September 2017

Ionic liquids (ILs) and poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are known for their interesting characteristics, such as intrinsic ionic conductivity, high chemical, electrochemical and thermal stabilities, and low volatility. They constitute a versatile class of materials whose structure can be modified to yield a task-specific material with improved performance for a desired application. The physicochemical properties related to ionic transport can be tailored by modifying the cation and/or anion structure in addition to the polymeric matrix and spacer groups in the case of PILs. The properties can be improved for use in electrolytes and polymeric electrolytes for electrochemical devices such as rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. ILs and PILs that possess good transport properties can be further functionalized to have electrochromic groups attached to their structure to construct electrochromic devices. In addition, these materials also present high selectivity for CO2 absorption, and can be modified to improve the capture capacity and separation efficiency. In this chapter, different aspects regarding the modification of ILs and PILs for different applications will be explored with a focus on the relationship between their structures and physicochemical properties, and the effect on their performance in different devices.
Capturing CO2 with Poly(Ionic Liquid)s
Authors: Einloft S. , Bernard F. L. , Dalla Vecchia F.
Published: September 2017

The development of new and the improvement of existing materials for designing new solvents/sorbents for CO2 separation is an urgent priority and significant goal to deal with climate change. Polymerizable ionic liquids or poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) appear to be promising materials for this use. The aim of this chapter is to present the latest developments in PILs providing a broad overview of the subject. Furthermore, it will explore the subject from an application point of view, giving a comprehensive introduction to the main aspects of PILs including their synthesis routes, as well as the influence of the PIL backbone, anion type and modification on the CO2 sorption capacity.
In situ quantification of volatile ethanol in complex components based on colorimetric sensor array
Authors: Lin Hao , Man Zhong-xiu , Guan Bin-bin , Chen Quan-sheng , Jin Hong-juan , Xue Zhao-li
Published: September 2017

A colorimetric sensor array composed of synthesized metalloporphyrins selected through quantum-chemical calculation was applied to volatile ethanol quantification.
Nucleobase-modified polyamidoamine-mediated miR-23b delivery to inhibit the proliferation and migration of lung cancer
Authors: Han Haobo , Yang Jiebing , Wang Yudi , Chen Wenqi , Chen Jiawen , Yang Yan , Li Quanshun
Published: September 2017

The nucleobase analogue 2-amino-6-chloropurine was modified on the surface of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) to construct a derivative AP-PAMAM, and then it was used as a gene carrier for miR-23b delivery to achieve the anti-tumor effects.
Correction: Multiplex in vitro detection using SERS
Authors: Laing Stacey , Gracie Kirsten , Faulds Karen
Published: September 2017

Correction for ‘Multiplex in vitro detection using SERS’ by Stacey Laing et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2016, 45, 1901–1918.
A red-emitting cationic hyperbranched polymer: facile synthesis, aggregation-enhanced emission, large Stokes shift, polarity-insensitive fluorescence and application in cell imaging
Authors: Chen Rui , Gao Xiaoying , Cheng Xiao , Qin Anjun , Sun Jing Zhi , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2017

A cationic hyperbranched polymer containing TPE units demonstrates bright and stable red-emission with AEE-characteristics and good performance in cell imaging.
Palladium-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydroesterification of aryl olefins with CO gas
Authors: Li Jingfu , Ren Wenlong , Dai Jie , Shi Yian
Published: September 2017

An effective Pd-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydroesterification of aryl olefins with CO gas is described.
Enantioselective synthesis of (−)-phaseic acid
Authors: Tu Wentong , Ning Chengqing , Xu Jing
Published: September 2017

A short, enantioselective synthesis of a newly identified ABA receptor agonist (−)-phaseic acid is described.
Total synthesis of natural productsviairidium catalysis
Authors: Yuan Changchun , Liu Bo
Published: September 2017

An overview of the highlights in total synthesis of natural products using iridium as a catalyst is given.
Photoredox-catalyzed cascade addition/cyclization of N-propargyl aromatic amines: access to 3-difluoroacetylated or 3-fluoroacetylated quinolines
Authors: Deng Qinfei , Xu Yan , Liu Ping , Tan Liping , Sun Peipei
Published: September 2017

3-Difluoroacetylated quinolines and 3-fluoroacetylated quinolines were synthesized via a visible-light-induced cascade addition/cyclization of N-propargyl aromatic amines catalyzed by fac-Ir(ppy)3 under mild conditions.
Cu-Catalyzed tertiary alkylation of α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes with tertiary alkylmagnesium reagents
Authors: Dai Wenpeng , Lin Yingyin , Wan Yan , Cao Song
Published: September 2017

An efficient method for the synthesis of 3-tertiary alkylated 1,1-difluorostyrene derivativesviaCu-catalyzed alkylation of α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes with tertiary alkylmagnesium reagents at room temperature was developed.
Synthesis of visible-light mediated tryptanthrin derivatives from isatin and isatoic anhydride under transition metal-free conditions
Authors: Hou Hong , Li Hengxue , Han Ying , Yan Chaoguo
Published: September 2017

Visible light mediated transition metal-free protocol for synthesis of tryptanthrin from isatin and isatoic anhydride in mild reaction conditions.
Sorption and sensing properties of coordination polymers with mixed 1,3,5-tri(1-imidazolyl)benzene and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate ligands
Authors: Deng Ye , Yao Zhao-Yu , Wang Peng , Zhao Yue , Kang Yan-Shang , Azam Mohammad , Al-Resayes Saud I. , Sun Wei-Yin
Published: September 2017

Cd(ii) and Zn(ii) frameworks with mixed dicarboxylate and imidazole-containing ligands show selective adsorption and sensing properties.
Effects of La, Sm and Yb doping on thermoelectric properties of Ca0.98Er0.02MnO3 at high temperature
Authors: Yang Tao , Cheng Tiexin
Published: September 2017

A series of perovskite-type ceramic materials Ca0.98Er0.02MnO3 (CDM) and Ca0.96Er0.02Re0.02MnO3 (Re = La, Sm, Yb) (denoted as CDM-La, CDM-Sm, CDM-Yb) which worked from 300 K to 1000 K with excellent thermoelectric properties was prepared by a sol–gel and cold-pressing method.
Efficient and stable cycling of lithium metal enabled by a conductive carbon primer layer
Authors: Zhang Sheng S. , Fan Xiulin , Wang Chunsheng
Published: September 2017

A highly conductive carbon primer layer enables efficient and stable cycling of lithium metal on a copper substrate.
Stratification in binary colloidal polymer films: experiment and simulations
Authors: Makepeace D. K. , Fortini A. , Markov A. , Locatelli P. , Lindsay C. , Moorhouse S. , Lind R. , Sear R. P. , Keddie J. L.
Published: September 2017

Self-stratification is found when drying concentrated binary suspensions of particles only when the concentration of small particles and the size ratio are high enough.
Molecular weight prediction in polystyrene blends. Unprecedented use of a genetic algorithm in pulse field gradient spin echo (PGSE) NMR
Authors: Arrabal-Campos Francisco M. , Álvarez José D. , García-Sancho Amador , Fernández Ignacio
Published: September 2017

A genetic algorithm that uses boxcar functions (diffGA) has been applied for the first time in PGSE NMR.
A stable and long-lasting concentration cell based on a reduced graphene oxide membrane and natural resource electrolyte
Authors: He Yi , Wang Zhe , Zhang Jing , Wei Lei
Published: September 2017

A stable and long-lasting concentration cell has been developed using reduced graphene oxide membrane and humic acid as the electrolyte.
Competitive reactions during synthesis of zinc aluminum layered double hydroxides by thermal hydrolysis of urea
Authors: Staal Line Boisen , Charan Pushparaj Suraj Shiv , Forano Claude , Prevot Vanessa , Ravnsbæk Dorthe Bomholdt , Bjerring Morten , Nielsen Ulla Gro
Published: September 2017

LDHs prepared by the thermal hydrolysis of urea are a mixture of LDH, aluminum hydroxide, and amorphous “hydrozincite” phases.
Activation of TRPV4 Increases Neovascularization of Rat Prefabricated Flaps
Authors: Bae Jinhong , Wang Zhichao , Li Haizhou , Lu Lin , Yu Qingxiong , Li Qingfeng , Tao Zan
Published: September 2017

Background Inadequate neovascularization is a major risk factor that can lead to subsequent necrosis of prefabricated flaps. Recent evidence indicates that transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 (TRPV4) activates growth and remodeling of collateral arteries in ischemia tissues by responding to elevated fluid shear stress (FSS). Therefore, we evaluated whether TRPV4 could increase neovascularization in prefabricated flaps in a rat model.

Methods Rat prefabricated skin flaps were created by ligating the right femoral vascular pedicle and implanting it underneath abdominal flaps. Thirty-six male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups with different solutions injected subcutaneously in the implantation site around the pedicle: injected with normal saline as the control group; injected with 4α-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4αPDD), a specific TRPV4 activator, as the 4αPDD group; or injected with ruthenium red (RR), a TRPV-blocker, as the RR group. Neovascularization was evaluated by laser speckle contrast imaging (FLPI), histological staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) within two weeks. Afterwards, the abdominal island flaps were completely elevated and sutured back. The flap viability and survival area were examined on day 7.

Results A larger area of flap survival, higher capillary densities, and higher von Willebrand factor (vWF) expression were observed in the 4αPDD group in comparison to those in the other two groups. The secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but not basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), was significantly elevated in the 4αPDD group.

Conclusion Activation of TRPV4 using 4αPDD can significantly increase the survival of prefabricated flaps via neovascularization inducement, possibly through VEGF secretion enhancement. TRPV4 serves as a potential therapeutic neovascularization target in prefabricated flaps.
Ultraschall bei Vaskulitiden
Authors: Schmidt W.
Published: September 2017

Mittels Ultraschall lässt sich eine pathognomonische Gefäßwandschwellung bei Vaskulitiden an Temporalarterien und an extrakraniellen Arterien nachweisen. Die Sonografie ist wichtiger Bestandteil in der Diagnostik der Arteriitis temporalis, der Riesenzellarteriitis großer Gefäße und der Takayasu Arteriitis geworden. Durch „Fast Track Clinics“ in denen gleichzeitig fachärztliche klinische Untersuchung und Sonografie mindestens von Temporal- und Axillararterien angeboten wird, kann die Inzidenz von Erblindungen reduziert werden.
Mehr als ein bisschen Berieselung
Authors: Becker Alexander
Published: September 2017

Interventionskoffer, die Zehnte Viele Patienten schalten in ihrer Freizeit den Fernseher ein und lassen sich berieseln. Hier setzt das
Konzept der DVD-Gruppe an: Die Teilnehmenden lernen, ihre Freizeit bewusst zu gestalten, soziale Kompetenzen zu trainieren und sich – je
nach Film – kritisch mit dem Thema „psychische Erkrankung“ auseinanderzusetzen. Die Pflegenden müssen dabei weit mehr leisten, als eine DVD
einzulegen und Chips in Schüsseln zu füllen. In unserem Interventionskoffer schildern wir Planung, Ablauf und Erfahrungen des
Gruppenkonzepts zum Thema Freizeitgestaltung – das viel mehr ist als ein bisschen Berieselung nach dem Abendessen.
Gut vernetzt
Authors: Blumenrode Stefan
Published: September 2017

Menschen mit Demenz im Akutkrankenhaus Was können wir von Norwegen lernen, um Demenzerkrankte gut zu versorgen? Anregungen gab eine
Studienreise in den hohen Norden zum Thema „Menschen mit Demenz im Akutkrankenhaus“, die vom 29. Mai bis 02. Juni 2017 stattfand.
Organisiert wurde sie vom Institut g-plus – Zentrum im internationalen Gesundheitswesen in Zusammenarbeit mit der Universität Witten. Lesen
Sie, welche Eindrücke unser Autor bei Vorträgen und Führungen in norwegischen Krankenhäusern sammeln konnte.
Individuelle Hilfe
Authors: Schabert Martina , Seibold Angelika , Witzmann Markus
Published: September 2017

Autismus-Spektrum-Störung Was verbirgt sich hinter der Diagnose Autismus und mit welchen Angeboten können Betroffene unterstützt
werden, um am gesellschaftlichen Leben teilzuhaben und ihre Lebensqualität nachhaltig zu verbessern? Wir stellen Ihnen die
Autismuskompetenzzentrum Oberbayern gGmbH vor, die es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht hat, rund um das Thema Autismus zu beraten sowie individuelle
Hilfen in allen Lebensbereichen zu vermitteln und anzubieten.
Selbstbestimmt handeln
Authors: Bell Erpho
Published: September 2017

Empowerment Viel zu selten wird Empowerment bewusst im Pflegealltag genutzt. Doch wie mache ich Pflege stark in Fort- und
Weiterbildung? Unser Autor plädiert für mehr konstruktivistische Pädagogik, um die „Ermächtigung“ der Pflege zu stärken.
Zugang finden
Authors: Dörflinger Rupert
Published: September 2017

Empathie in der Praxis Wie entwickelt sich Empathie im Verlauf einer herausfordernden Beziehung mit dem Patienten und welche Bedeutung
spielt die Gegenübertragung? Anhand von zwei spezifischen Behandlungssituationen erläutert unser Autor, mit welchen Hürden bei der
praktischen Umsetzung zu rechnen ist und wie ein professioneller Umgang aussehen kann.
The Energy Cost of Running with the Ball in Soccer
Authors: Piras Alessandro , Raffi Milena , Atmatzidis Charalampos , Merni Franco , Di Michele Rocco
Published: September 2017

Running with the ball is a soccer-specific activity frequently used by players during match play and training drills. Nevertheless, the energy cost (EC) of on-grass running with the ball has not yet been determined. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the EC of constant-speed running with the ball, and to compare it with the EC of normal running. Eight amateur soccer players performed two 6- min runs at 10 km/h on artificial turf, respectively with and without the ball. EC was measured with indirect calorimetry and, furthermore, estimated with a method based on players’ accelerations measured with a GPS receiver. The EC measured with indirect calorimetry was higher in running with the ball (4.60±0.42 J/kg/m) than in normal running (4.19±0.33 J/kg/m), with a very likely moderate difference between conditions. Instead, a likely small difference was observed between conditions for EC estimated from GPS data (4.87±0.07 vs. 4.83±0.08 J/kg/m). This study sheds light on the energy expenditure of playing soccer, providing relevant data about the EC of a typical soccer-specific activity. These findings may be a reference for coaches to precisely determine the training load in drills with the ball, such as soccer-specific circuits or small-sided games.
Pivotal Role of TNF-α in the Development and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Murine Model
Authors: Kakino Satomi , Ohki Tsuyoshi , Nakayama Hitomi , Yuan Xiahong , Otabe Shuichi , Hashinaga Toshihiko , Wada Nobuhiko , Kurita Yayoi , Tanaka Kayo , Hara Kento , Soejima Eri , Tajiri Yuji , Yamada Kentaro
Published: September 2017

Previously, we have shown that the adipocyte-specific nuclear form of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (nSREBP-1c) transgenic mice spontaneously developed hepatic lesions that are similar to those of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with a concomitant elevation of plasma TNF-α. In this study, we analyzed the role of TNF-α in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We established a Tnf knockout nSREBP-1c transgenic mouse line. Glucose tolerance and liver histology were examined at the age of 20 weeks. The gene expression and protein levels were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The Tnf knockout improved glucose tolerance and significantly reduced the prevalence of hepatic steatosis (20% vs. 100%, p<0.0001) and fibrosis (15% vs. 65%, p=0.0057). The expressions of Acaca, Scd1, Mcp1, Tgfb1, Col1a1, and Timp1 were increased in the liver from the original nSREBP-1c transgenic mice. However, gene upregulation was reduced in the livers from the Tnf(−/−) nSREBP-1c transgenic mice. Furthermore, the hepatic levels of TIMP1 protein were increased in the original nSREBP-1c transgenic mice but not in Tnf(−/−) nSREBP-1c transgenic mice. To assess the direct effect of TNF-α on the expression of the genes, we cultured primary hepatocytes in the presence of TNF-α and found that TNF-α increased the expression of Mcp1, Tgfb1, and Timp1 in hepatocytes. These observations indicate that TNF-α plays a pivotal role in the development of NAFLD and progression to NASH through upregulating key molecules associated with lipid metabolism, inflammatory cytokines, and fibrosis in the liver.
Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcome of Primary Aldosteronism in a Norwegian Population
Authors: Grytaas Marianne , Strømsøy Siri , Rørvik Jarle , Arnes Jarle , Heie Anette , Arnesen Thomas , Jørstad Melissa , Nedrebø Bjørn , Jøssang Dag , Jensen Dag , Rørvik Håvard , Sagen Jørn , Mellgren Gunnar , Thordarson Hrafnkell , Husebye Eystein , Løvås Kristian
Published: September 2017

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension (HT). We describe here clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, and long-term outcomes in a Norwegian population. All suspected PA patients investigated at a tertiary centre from 1998–2012 were retrospectively evaluated. Inclusion criteria were verified PA after confirmatory testing or otherwise considered highly likely PA. Clinical, biochemical, radiological, and adrenal vein sampling (AVS) findings were analysed. Surgically removed adrenals were re-evaluated histopathologically and tested for somatic mutations. All patients still alive by August 2014 were invited to a follow-up visit. One-hundred and eight patients were included, of whom 85% had a history of hypokalaemia. PA was verified by confirmatory testing in 83 (77%), and AVS performed in 95 (88%) patients. The proportion with AVS-confirmed bilateral PA increased during the study period. Sixty-eight patients (63%) underwent adrenalectomy. KCNJ5 mutations were found in 30% of the surgical specimens and were associated with female sex and a florid PA phenotype. Follow-up visits were undertaken in 73/108 (68%), of whom 52 adrenalectomised. After adrenalectomy, 83% were biochemically cured of PA, but only 21% were cured for HT. Female sex, a verified adenoma, and KCNJ5 mutations were associated with cure of HT. In conclusion, the majority of our patients had unilateral PA and hypokalaemia, indicating that patients with bilateral and milder PA may still be underdiagnosed. Female sex, a histopathological adenoma, and the presence of KCNJ5 mutations predicted cure of HT after adrenalectomy, but the overall cure rate of HT was low.
Serum Uric Acid Concentrations Can Predict Hypertension: A Longitudinal Population-Based Epidemiological Study
Authors: Zheng Rongjiong , Yang Tianmeng , Chen Qingmei , Chen Changxi , Mao Yushan
Published: September 2017

An elevated serum uric acid concentration may be associated with hypertension, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. However, whether the elevation is causal or a consequence of hypertension among the Chinese population remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between the serum uric acid concentrations and hypertension among Chinese individuals. This study included 5105 subjects, initially without hypertension, who were followed up for 9 years. The subjects were divided into four groups based on the serum uric acid quartile. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the risk factors for hypertension development. Over the 9 years, 2259 of the subjects developed hypertension. The overall 9-year cumulative incidence of hypertension was 44.3%, ranging from 36.3% in quartile 1 to 42.4%, 44.1%, and 54.5% in quartiles 2, 3, and 4, respectively (p for trend<0.001). The Cox regression analyses indicated that the serum uric acid concentrations were independently and positively associated with the risk of incident hypertension. This longitudinal study demonstrated that high serum uric acid concentrations increase the risk of hypertension among the Chinese population.
Spin and tunneling dynamics in an asymmetrical double quantum dot with spin-orbit coupling: Selective spin transport device
Authors: Singh Madhav K. , Jha Pradeep K. , Bhattacherjee Aranya B.
Published: September 2017

In this article, we study the spin and tunneling dynamics as a function of magnetic field in a one-dimensional GaAs double quantum dot with both the Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit coupling. In particular, we consider different spatial widths for the spin-up and spin-down electronic states. We find that the spin dynamics is a superposition of slow as well as fast Rabi oscillations. It is found that the Rashba interaction strength as well as the external magnetic field strongly modifies the slow Rabi oscillations which is particularly useful for implementing solid state selective spin transport device.
Double layers and solitary structures in electron-positron-ion plasma with Kappa distributed trapped electrons
Authors: Ali Shan Shaukat , Imtiaz Nadia
Published: September 2017

The effect of electron trapping in an electron-positron-ion plasma is modeled with κ-distributed electrons. The trapped electron number density is truncated to some finite order of the electrostatic potential Φ. Small amplitude solitary structures with Sagdeev potential approach and reductive perturbation method (through Schamel equation) are found to be modified under the impact of superthermality index κ and trapping efficiency β. A modified Schamel equation which gives rise to the small amplitude double layers (SIADLs) is obtained. The role of various plasma parameters in particular, the superthermality index, the positron concentration, and the electron trapping efficiency on the small amplitude ion acoustic double layers (SIADLs) has been investigated. It can be inferred from this investigation that these parameters play modifying character in the formation of nonlinear structures like solitary waves and SIADLs in e–p–i plasma.
Growth, structural, and electrical properties of germanium-on-silicon heterostructure by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Ghosh Aheli , Clavel Michael B. , Nguyen Peter D. , Meeker Michael A. , Khodaparast Giti A. , Bodnar Robert J. , Hudait Mantu K.
Published: September 2017

The growth, morphological, and electrical properties of thin-film Ge grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si using a two-step growth process were investigated. High-resolution x-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated ∼0.10% tensile-strained Ge epilayer, owing to the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between Ge and Si, and negligible epilayer lattice tilt. Micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis corroborated the strain-state of the Ge thin-film. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of 90  ° Lomer dislocation network at Ge/Si heterointerface, suggesting the rapid and complete relaxation of Ge epilayer during growth. Atomic force micrographs exhibited smooth surface morphology with surface roughness < 2 nm. Temperature dependent Hall mobility measurements and the modelling thereof indicated that ionized impurity scattering limited carrier mobility in Ge layer. Capacitance- and conductance-voltage measurements were performed to determine the effect of epilayer dislocation density on interfacial defect states (Dit) and their energy distribution. Finally, extracted Dit values were benchmarked against published Dit data for Ge MOS devices, as a function of threading dislocation density within the Ge layer. The results obtained were comparable with Ge MOS devices integrated on Si via alternative buffer schemes. This comprehensive study of directly-grown epitaxial Ge-on-Si provides a pathway for the development of Ge-based electronic devices on Si.
Effect of chemical pressure on the electronic phase transition in Ca1−xSrxMn7O12 films
Authors: Huon A. , Lee D. , Herklotz A. , Fitzsimmons M. R. , Lee H. N. , May S. J.
Published: September 2017

We demonstrate how chemical pressure affects the structural and electronic phase transitions of the quadruple perovskite CaMn7O12 by Sr doping, a compound that exhibits a charge-ordering transition above room temperature making it a candidate for oxide electronics. We have synthesized Ca1−xSrxMn7O12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) thin films by oxide molecular beam epitaxy on (LaAlO3)0.3(SrAl0.5Ta0.5O3)0.7 (LSAT) substrates. The substitution of Sr for Ca results in a linear expansion of the lattice, as revealed by X-ray diffraction. Temperature-dependent resistivity and X-ray diffraction measurements are used to demonstrate that the coupled charge-ordering and structural phase transitions can be tuned with Sr doping. An increase in Sr concentration acts to decrease the phase transition temperature (T*) from 426 K at x = 0 to 385 K at x = 0.6. The presence of a tunable electronic phase transition, above room temperature, points to the potential applicability of Ca1−xSrxMn7O12 in sensors or oxide electronics, for example, via charge doping.
Interaction of vortex ring with a stratified finite thickness interface
Authors: Advaith S. , Manu K. V. , Tinaikar Aashay , Chetia Utpal Kumar , Basu Saptarshi
Published: September 2017

This work experimentally investigates the dynamics of interaction between a propagating vortex ring and density stratified interface of finite thickness. The flow evolution has been quantified using a high speed shadowgraph technique and particle image velocimetry. The spatial and temporal behaviours of the vortex in the near and far field of the interface and the plume structure formed due to buoyancy are investigated systematically by varying the vortex strength (Reynolds number, Re) and the degree of stratification (Atwood number, At). Maximum penetration length (Lpmax) of the vortex ring through the interface is measured over a range of Reynolds (1350 ≤ Re ≤ 4600) and Richardson (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 4) numbers. It is found that for low Froude number values, the maximum penetration length varies linearly with the Froude number as in the study of Orlandi et al. [“Vortex rings descending in a stratified fluid,” Phys. Fluids 10, 2819–2827 (1998)]. However, for high Reynolds and Richardson numbers (Ri), anomalous behaviour in maximum penetration is observed. The Lpmax value is used to characterize the vortex-interface interactions into non-penetrative, partially-penetrative, and extensively penetrative regimes. Flow visualization revealed the occurrence of short-wavelength instability of a plume structure, particularly in a partially penetrative regime. Fluid motion exhibits chaotic behaviour in an extensively penetrative regime. Detailed analyses of plume structure propagation are performed by measuring the plume length and plume rise. Appropriate scaling for the plume length and plume rise is derived, which allows universal collapse of the data for different flow conditions. Some information concerning the instability of the plume structure and decay of the vortex ring is obtained using proper orthogonal decomposition.
Orbital-Specific observation of O2p and Ni3d electrons in LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2, a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Satou Yoshinori , Komine Shigeki , Shimizu Sumera
Published: September 2017

Cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries containing Ni2+ have attracted much interest because of their high theoretical capacity. However, the precise electronic structures of these cathode materials have not yet been clearly observed, especially the energy positions of the O2p and Ni3d orbitals and the shape of the density of states. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative energy positions and shape of the density of states of O2p and Ni3d for LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 experimentally. We cleaved a LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 pellet in an Ar-filled glove box and performed synchrotron ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy for different photon energies, which enabled us to investigate the relative cross-section intensity of O2p and Ni3d. As a result, the valence-band structure was determined. We found that O2p electrons are itinerant and exist in the vicinity of the Fermi energy more than Ni3d electrons. Ni3d electrons are more localized and spread mainly from 1.2–1.5 eV below the Fermi energy. To validate the electronic structure, we measured the synchrotron O K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure of electrochemically lithium-extracted LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2. The electronic structure demonstrated that ligand holes in the oxygen atoms form below the Fermi level during the initial stage of Li extraction and that the formation rate of the holes decreases with Li extraction.
Numerical study of threshold intensity dependence on gas pressure in the breakdown of molecular hydrogen induced by excimer laser
Authors: Gamal Yosr E. E.-D. , Nassef O. Aied
Published: September 2017

In the present work, a numerical analysis is performed to investigate the threshold intensity dependence on gas pressure in laser spark ignition of the H2 plasma. The analysis considered the experimental measurements that were carried out by Yagi and Huo [Appl. Opt. 35, 3183 (1996)]. In their experiment, H2 in a pressure range of 150–3000 Torr is irradiated by a focused excimer laser source using a 96 cm lens at a wavelength of 248 nm and a pulse duration of 20 ns. The study, based on a modified electron cascade model [K. A. Hamam et al., J. Mod. Phys. 4, 311 (2013)], solves numerically a time-dependent energy equation for the distribution of the electron energy as well as a set of rate equations that describe the change in the formed excited molecule population. This model enabled the determination of the threshold intensity as a function of gas pressure. The validity of the model was tested by comparing the calculated thresholds with the experimentally measured ones. Moreover, the calculation of the electron energy distribution function and its parameters justified the role of the electron gain and loss processes in controlling the value of threshold intensity in relation to the gas pressure. The effect of loss processes on the threshold intensity is also presented.
Classification of complex networks based on similarity of topological network features
Authors: Attar Niousha , Aliakbary Sadegh
Published: September 2017

Over the past few decades, networks have been widely used to model real-world phenomena. Real-world networks exhibit nontrivial topological characteristics and therefore, many network models are proposed in the literature for generating graphs that are similar to real networks. Network models reproduce nontrivial properties such as long-tail degree distributions or high clustering coefficients. In this context, we encounter the problem of selecting the network model that best fits a given real-world network. The need for a model selection method reveals the network classification problem, in which a target-network is classified into one of the candidate network models. In this paper, we propose a novel network classification method which is independent of the network size and employs an alignment-free metric of network comparison. The proposed method is based on supervised machine learning algorithms and utilizes the topological similarities of networks for the classification task. The experiments show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods with respect to classification accuracy, time efficiency, and robustness to noise.
Magnetic field homogeneity of a conical coaxial coil pair
Authors: Salazar F. J. , Nieves F. J. , Bayón A. , Gascón F.
Published: September 2017

An analytical study of the magnetic field created by a double-conical conducting sheet is presented. The analysis is based on the expansion of the magnetic field in terms of Legendre polynomials. It is demonstrated analytically that the angle of the conical surface that produces a nearly homogeneous magnetic field coincides with that of a pair of loops that fulfills the Helmholtz condition. From the results obtained, we propose an electric circuit formed by pairs of isolated conducting loops tightly wound around a pair of conical surfaces, calculating numerically the magnetic field produced by this system and its heterogeneity. An experimental setup of the proposed circuit was constructed and its magnetic field was measured. The results were compared with those obtained by numerical calculation, finding a good agreement. The numerical results demonstrate a significant improvement in homogeneity in the field of the proposed pair of conical coils compared with that achieved with a simple pair of Helmholtz loops or with a double solenoid. Moreover, a new design of a double pair of conical coils based on Braunbek’s four loops is also proposed to achieve greater homogeneity. Regarding homogeneity, the rating of the analyzed configurations from best to worst is as follows: (1) double pair of conical coils, (2) pair of conical coils, (3) Braunbek’s four loops, (4) Helmholtz pair, and (5) solenoid pair.
Study of parametric regime for the formation of nonlinear structures in pair-ion-electron plasmas beyond the KdV limit
Authors: Masood W. , Faryal Anam , Siddiq M.
Published: September 2017

The propagation of one dimensional nonlinear electrostatic waves in unmagnetized pair-ion-electron (PIE) plasmas comprising of oppositely charged inertial ions of equal mass but different temperatures and Boltzmann electrons is investigated. In the linear analysis, the acquired biquadratic dispersion relation yields fast and slow modes for PIE plasmas. In the nonlinear regime, the Gardner equation in PIE plasmas is derived in the weak nonlinearity limit. The plasma parameter regime is explicitly shown where the Korteweg de Vries equation used in the earlier studies is no longer valid and the Gardner equation becomes relevant. Solitary and kink solutions of Gardner equation are also presented. Interestingly, it has been observed that these solutions exist for the fast mode; however, no such structure is found to exist for the slow mode. It is hoped that the present study would be beneficial to understand the solitary and kink solutions in laboratory produced PIE plasmas and parametric regimes in which this study is applicable.
Microphone pokes as prank or political action?
Authors: Kroon Åsa , Angus Daniel
Published: September 2017

The production of political talk is changing in response to ongoing changes in the overall media ecology. The rise of web TV
challenges the previously dominant mediated politics of traditional broadcasting. In this paper we examine the practices of the
mediatization of politics in the web TV environment via a humorous encounter between a self-declared “prankster” posing as a web
TV broadcaster, and several Swedish politicians. The discussion reflects on various data emanating from this encounter to reveal
how Web TV challenges traditional broadcasting norms, and offers fresh challenges for politicians who are continuously adapting to
new media logics for exposure.
A sentiment democracy?
Authors: Ceron Andrea
Published: September 2017

Does the interaction with the opinions of ‘friends’ and ‘followers’ affect the behavior of politicians? So far, little attention has been devoted to the effect of social networking sites (SNS) on ‘hard politics’ choices. Focusing on two case studies related to Italian politics, namely the debate on the civil unions bill and the ‘Fertility Day’ crisis, in 2016, this paper tries to fill this gap assessing the influence of SNS on the behavior of politicians. For this purpose, supervised aggregated sentiment analysis and time series analysis are used to evaluate whether politicians surrender to the pressure put on them by their followers. The findings highlight some positive effects in terms of accountability/transparency, though in terms of responsiveness politics seems to continue as usual, and the road toward a full ‘sentiment democracy’ is still far ahead.
Habitat Quantity Required to Support Self‐Sustaining Lake Sturgeon Populations: an Alternative Hypothesis
Authors: McDougall C. A. , Nelson P. A. , Macdonald D. , Kroeker D. , Kansas K. , Barth C. C. , MacDonell D. S.
Published: September 2017

Citing the capacity of anadromous sturgeon species to undertake lengthy spawning migrations, Auer (1996) hypothesized that a minimum of 250–300 km of barrier‐free lake and river habitat might be required to support self‐sustaining populations of Lake SturgeonAcipenser fulvescens. Twenty years later, the biological understanding of this potamodromous species has improved considerably, but there has been minimal effort to reconcile the barrier‐free hypothesis with the persistence of Lake Sturgeon populations in impounded habitats and improve the understanding of what constitutes a functional population‐level habitat unit for this species of conservation concern. Herein, POPAN mark–recapture models and sequential length‐frequency histograms were used to examine contemporary Lake Sturgeon abundance and population trajectories in three small reaches (230, 50, and 10 river kilometers [rkm]) of the Nelson and Winnipeg rivers (Manitoba), developed for hydroelectric power generation. Approximately two decades after harvest closures, results indicate that population recovery is occurring in all three reaches examined. Mechanisms other than in situ reproduction or recruitment (i.e., stocking and immigration) for increasing abundance are confidently discounted. Based on these results and other observations of contemporary persistence of Lake Sturgeon populations in impounded environments as well as recent genetic observations indicative of historical population structuring along the flow axes of naturally fragmented Boreal Shield rivers, it is contended that the barrier‐free hypothesis should no longer be cited as a “rule of thumb” with regard to the habitat quantity required to support self‐sustaining Lake Sturgeon populations. Rather, the concept of an uninterrupted “spawn–drift–settle–establish” habitat sequence as the cornerstone of a functional population‐level habitat unit may have broader relevance to species recovery initiatives and management. Given appropriate geomorphologic and hydraulic conditions, Lake Sturgeon populations can thrive—and in Boreal Shield rivers likely have for thousands of years—in lake, river, or impoundment sections as small as 10 rkm.
Balancing the three pillars of stability in Armenia and Georgia
Authors: Shubladze Rati , Khundadze Tsisana
Published: September 2017

Voters care about policy, and this is true for democracies as well as hybrid regimes. To show how the incumbents’ policy choice influences political continuity and change we look at public policies in Armenia and Georgia from 2004 to 2013. We ground the paper in Gerschewski’s [2013. “The Three Pillars of Stability: Legitimation, Repression, and Co-Optation in Autocratic Regimes.” Democratization 20 (1): 13–38] theoretical framework that views legitimation, repression, and co-optation as the three strategies or pillars of stability in less than democratic regimes. We describe each pillar as a set of specific policies designed by ruling parties to gain legitimacy in the eyes of voters, as well as policies aimed at co-optation and/or repression of political opponents. Hence, we demonstrate that the key to the incumbent’s electoral survival is the stabilization process between pillars, i.e. complementary application of policies based on available resources. However, the application of different stabilization strategies is not enough and timing, organization, and balance between pillars are also crucial for maintaining voters’ support for the incumbent. Based on secondary statistical evidence and primary qualitative data analysis we show how the Armenian government managed to balance the pillars of stability by the effective and well-timed application of different policies, while the government of Georgia failed to use relevant pillars of stabilization when one of the pillars did not work to the incumbent’s advantage.
National Identity in Australian Literature
Authors: Dalziell Tanya
Published: September 2017

On January 1, 1901, Australia became a nation; six British colonies—New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmania—joined to form the Commonwealth of Australia. At the time of Federation, debates raged over who or what constituted a new national type; the forms best suited to convey the values these figures represented; and the proper settings for their stories. These arguments were had not only with aesthetic interests in mind but with a conscious awareness, or conviction, that literature had a special role to play in establishing what was (thought to be) unique about this new nation. Alliances between literature and the Australian nation have been observed, perpetuated, and contested since at least the last decades of the 19th century, and the result has been multiple imaginings of Australia with many conflicting ideas and interests at play. From the notion that Australia, as a “new nation,” might present white women with the opportunity to shed oppressive gender identities to indigenous knowledge systems questioning the very idea and authority of the nation, literary imaginings of Australia speak to national myths and political interventions alike.
Contemporary Australian Literary Culture
Authors: Driscoll Beth
Published: September 2017

Contemporary Australian literary culture is formed through networks of institutions that support writing and reading. This infrastructure, itself shaped by Australia’s history as a former British colony and its current status as a medium-sized market in a global book industry, creates specific conditions for the production and reception of Australian literature. Institutions do not comprise the whole of Australian literary culture, and many individuals and groups position themselves as outsiders, or as members of counter-networks. Nonetheless, the work done by literary organizations enables significant acts of writing, access to reading, and debates about the role of literature in contemporary Australian society.

Six networks are key to Australia’s literary culture. First, publishing in Australia is structured by a mix of local offices of multinational companies and independent presses, whose list building—and consequent effects on Australian authors and readers—is influenced by their market position and capacity for digital innovation. Distribution of books in contemporary Australia occurs through libraries and bookshops; book retail is predominantly a mix of online bookshops, independent bookstores, and discount department stores, following the closure of many Australian big-box bookshops and chain stores in 2011. Australia has a growing network of literary festivals, including flagship events that attract tens of thousands of readers as well as focused events that nurture particular genres or groups of writers. Australia’s calendar of literary prizes also supports writers, builds canons, and maintains the visibility of literary culture. These expansive networks are complemented by the smaller, though influential, readerships of Australian literary magazines, which foster new writing and drive cultural debates. Finally, schools and universities institutionalize Australian writing through their curricula and increasingly provide training and employment for writers. Together, these active networks provide an outline for the form of contemporary Australian literary culture.
Twenty-First-Century Realism
Authors: Anjaria Ulka
Published: September 2017

Realism has a bad reputation in contemporary times. Generally thought to be an outdated mode that had its heyday in Victorian fiction, the French bourgeois novel, and pre-revolutionary Russian literature, literary histories tend to locate realism’s timely end in the ferment of interwar modernism and the rise of the avant-garde. Outside of the West, realism might be said to have met an even worse fate, as it was a mode explicitly presented to colonized societies as a vehicle of modernity, in opposition to what were deemed the poetic excesses, irrational temporalities, and/or oral-storytelling influences of indigenous literature. Yet despite this sense of realism’s outdatedness and political conservatism, the first decade-and-a-half of the 21st century has witnessed, across a wide range of literature and cultural production, what might be seen as a return to realism, not simply as a resistance to today’s new culture of heterogeneity and digitization but as a new way of imagining literary and political futures in a world increasingly lacking the clear-cut lines along which politics, history, and capitalism can be imagined. The arc of 21st-century realism can be seen through contemporary debates around the term, suggesting that considering 21st-century realism not as a residual mode or grouping of texts but as a particular perspective on literary futures—as the coming together, for instance, of unresolved and newer conflicts over relations of power and the politics of knowledge—offers a different story of global form making.