bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast melting of charge-density wave fluctuations at room temperature in 1T-TiSe2 monitored under non-equilibrium conditions
Authors: Mizukoshi Yu , Fukuda Takumi , Komori Yuta , Ishikawa Ryo , Ueno Keiji , Hase Muneaki
Published: June 2023

We investigate the ultrafast lattice dynamics in 1T-TiSe2 using femtosecond reflection pump–probe and pump–pump–probe techniques at room temperature. The time-domain signals and Fourier-transformed spectra show the A1g phonon mode at 5.9 THz. Moreover, we observe an additional mode at ≈ 3 THz, corresponding to the charge-density wave (CDW) amplitude mode (AM), which is generally visible below Tc≈200 K. We argue that the emergence of the CDW amplitude mode at room temperature can be a consequence of fluctuations of order parameters based on the additional experiment using the pump–pump–probe technique, which exhibited suppression of the AM signal within the ultrafast timescale of ∼0.5 ps.
Enhancing the sensitivity of photoacoustic spectrum system for liquid detection by coupling with acoustic metasurfaces
Authors: Lin Qinhao , Gao Da , Jin Boao , Wang Yuqi , Yin Yonggang , Wang Shaobo , Shi Junhui
Published: June 2023

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has been proven to have great potential in health monitoring applications, such as continuous blood glucose or oxygen monitoring. However, due to the significant mismatch between different acoustic media, 99.9% of acoustic energy cannot propagate across the gas–liquid interface, which greatly limits the liquid detection sensitivity of PAS. In this study, a Helmholtz-type acoustic metasurface (HAM) consisting of a perforated plate and a subwavelength cavity filled with air is proposed to enhance the acoustic transmission across the gas–liquid interface. The behavior of the air layer within the HAM is analogous to the transverse vibration of a membrane, which would drive the vibration of the water surface and provide an effective path for sound transmission from water to air. Experimental results confirmed that HAM can increase the power transmission coefficient of sound from water to air by two orders of magnitude while maintaining optical transparency for laser. Furthermore, the performance of the PAS system coupled with HAM is investigated. It is demonstrated that the liquid detection sensitivity of PAS systems can be enhanced remarkably, with a 409% magnification of the signal intensity. The working frequency of HAM can also be flexibly adjusted from 0.01 to 20 kHz through parameter configuration, enabling compatibility with the operating frequency of PAS systems. It is expected to be applied in the field of liquid ingredient analysis and health monitoring.
Effect of static compression on tsunami waves: Two-dimensional solution
Authors: Das S. , Meylan M. H.
Published: June 2023

This study provides an analytical solution for the surface wave profile resulting from an arbitrary temporal ocean bottom disturbance in a compressible ocean. The solution also considers the impact of static compression of the ocean background. The problem is formulated in two dimensions and solved using the Fourier transformation and eigenfunction matching method, which requires a new inner product and determining a particular solution to account for the non-homogeneous boundary condition. To verify the solution's validity, it is compared with the corresponding Green's function formulation, which employs the movement of the ocean floor as a source. The Green's function technique can handle the ocean floor's arbitrary spatial movement, which is demonstrated through two specific profiles. Additionally, the shallow water limit is derived to provide further validation. A time-domain simulation of the surface profile is presented, comparing the case with and without static compression. The effect of static compression is found to be small but non-negligible for typical ocean depths.
Ferroelectric polarization enhancing photocatalytic performance of 2D carbon and oxygen co-doping g-C3N4/α-In2Se3 heterostructure: A conversion of traditional type-II to S-scheme
Authors: Pan Ling-Yu , Liu Biao , Yang Junliang , Yin Shuang-Feng , Cai Meng-Qiu
Published: June 2023

Ferroelectric materials with internal spontaneous polarization are conducive to enhancing photocatalytic performance by promoting photogenerated carriers separation. However, the traditional perovskite-type ferroelectric photocatalysts possess a typical 3D structure that is constrained by few exposed catalytic active sites and low specific surface area when compared to a 2D structure. In our study, the electronic properties of the 2D ferroelectric heterostructure for carbon and oxygen co-doping g-C3N4 (COCN)/In2Se3 with different out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization directions are investigated by first-principle calculations, namely, COCN/DOWN and COCN/UP heterostructures. The results show that when the ferroelectric polarization of the 2D In2Se3 layer in heterostructures is reversed, the heterostructure switches from traditional type-II (COCN/DOWN heterostructure) with an indirect bandgap of 1.58 eV to S-scheme (COCN/UP heterostructure) with a direct bandgap of 1.43 eV, in which the band edge positions of the S-scheme COCN/UP heterostructure satisfy the redox potential of the efficient photocatalytic selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde. Further investigations revealed that the application of an electric field 0 ∼ +0.3 V/Å can reduce the bandgap and enhance the out-of-plane polarization of the COCN/UP heterostructure, which improve the photocatalytic activity of the S-scheme COCN/UP heterostructure. This work highlights the significance of ferroelectric polarization for charge transfer in heterostructures and provides theoretical guidance for the design of high-performance S-scheme photocatalysts.
Direct numerical simulations of polypropylene gasification in supercritical water
Authors: Sundmacher Kai , Thévenin Dominique
Published: June 2023

In order to reduce environmental pollution by plastic wastes, supercritical water gasification (SCWG) appears as a promising technology. The present study investigates the SCWG process of polypropylene (PP) plastic waste using particle-resolved direct numerical simulations (PR-DNS). A directional ghost-cell immersed boundary method has been used to solve the reacting boundary condition, including detailed molecular diffusion models. To validate the procedure, SCWG of a coal particle has been first investigated as a benchmark, analyzing in detail interphase momentum and heat and mass transfer, and chemical reactions are analyzed. Surface reactions and the resulting Stefan flow expand the boundary layer around the particle, impacting the efficiency of heat and mass transfer. Adding then a suitable reaction mechanism, SCWG of PP plastic wastes leading to combustible gases is analyzed by PR-DNS and found to be very efficient. The gasification temperature is an important parameter to control SCWG efficiency. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first PR-DNS study investigating the SCWG process for plastic wastes, and it provides interesting information regarding transfer processes and their limitations.
Biological neurons act as generalization filters in reservoir computing
Authors: Sumi Takuma , Yamamoto Hideaki , Katori Yuichi , Ito Koki , Moriya Satoshi , Konno Tomohiro , Sato Shigeo , Hirano-Iwata Ayumi
Published: June 2023

Reservoir computing is a machine learning paradigm that transforms the transient dynamics of high-dimensional nonlinear systems for processing time-series data. Although the paradigm was initially proposed to model information processing in the mammalian cortex, it remains unclear how the nonrandom network architecture, such as the modular architecture, in the cortex integrates with the biophysics of living neurons to characterize the function of biological neuronal networks (BNNs). Here, we used optogenetics and calcium imaging to record the multicellular responses of cultured BNNs and employed the reservoir computing framework to decode their computational capabilities. Micropatterned substrates were used to embed the modular architecture in the BNNs. We first show that the dynamics of modular BNNs in response to static inputs can be classified with a linear decoder and that the modularity of the BNNs positively correlates with the classification accuracy. We then used a timer task to verify that BNNs possess a short-term memory of several 100 ms and finally show that this property can be exploited for spoken digit classification. Interestingly, BNN-based reservoirs allow categorical learning, wherein a network trained on one dataset can be used to classify separate datasets of the same category. Such classification was not possible when the inputs were directly decoded by a linear decoder, suggesting that BNNs act as a generalization filter to improve reservoir computing performance. Our findings pave the way toward a mechanistic understanding of information representation within BNNs and build future expectations toward the realization of physical reservoir computing systems based on BNNs.
Cross talk between Paneth and tuft cells drives dysbiosis and inflammation in the gut mucosa
Authors: Coutry Nathalie , Nguyen Julie , Soualhi Salima , Gerbe François , Meslier Victoria , Dardalhon Valérie , Almeida Mathieu , Quinquis Benoit , Thirion Florence , Herbert Fabien , Gasmi Imène , Lamrani Ali , Giordano Alicia , Cesses Pierre , Garnier Laure , Thirard Steeve , Greuet Denis , Cazevieille Chantal , Bernex Florence , Bressuire Christelle , Winton Douglas , Matsumoto Ichiro , Blottière Hervé M. , Taylor Naomi , Jay Philippe
Published: June 2023

Gut microbiota imbalance (dysbiosis) is increasingly associated with pathological conditions, both within and outside the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal Paneth cells are considered to be guardians of the gut microbiota, but the events linking Paneth cell dysfunction with dysbiosis remain unclear. We report a three-step mechanism for dysbiosis initiation. Initial alterations in Paneth cells, as frequently observed in obese and inflammatorybowel diseases patients, cause a mild remodeling of microbiota, with amplification of succinate-producing species. SucnR1-dependent activation of epithelial tuft cells triggers a type 2 immune response that, in turn, aggravates the Paneth cell defaults, promoting dysbiosis and chronic inflammation. We thus reveal a function of tuft cells in promoting dysbiosis following Paneth cell deficiency and an unappreciated essential role of Paneth cells in maintaining a balanced microbiota to prevent inappropriate activation of tuft cells and deleterious dysbiosis. This succinate–tuft cell inflammation circuit may also contribute to the chronic dysbiosis observed in patients.
Dynamic interactome of the MHC I peptide loading complex in human dendritic cells
Authors: Barends Martina , Koller Nicole , Schölz Christian , Durán Verónica , Bošnjak Berislav , Becker Jennifer , Döring Marius , Blees Hanna , Förster Reinhold , Kalinke Ulrich , Tampé Robert
Published: June 2023

Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate immune responses by presenting antigenic peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T cells. Antigen processing and presentation via MHC I rely on the peptide-loading complex (PLC), a supramolecular machinery assembled around the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), which is the peptide transporter in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. We studied antigen presentation in human DCs by isolating monocytes from blood and differentiating them into immature and mature DCs. We uncovered that during DC differentiation and maturation, additional proteins are recruited to the PLC, including B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31), vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A (VAPA), and extended synaptotagmin-1 (ESYT1). We demonstrated that these ER cargo export and contact site–tethering proteins colocalize with TAP and are within 40 nm proximity of the PLC, suggesting that the antigen processing machinery is located near ER exit- and membrane contact sites. While CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of TAP and tapasin significantly reduced MHC I surface expression, single-gene deletions of the identified PLC interaction partners revealed a redundant role of BAP31, VAPA, and ESYT1 in MHC I antigen processing in DCs. These data highlight the dynamics and plasticity of PLC composition in DCs that previously was not recognized by the analysis of cell lines.
Direct observation of secondary nucleation along the fibril surface of the amyloid
β
42 peptide
Authors: Thacker Dev , Barghouth Mohammad , Bless Mara , Zhang Enming , Linse Sara
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition which involves heavy neuronal cell death linked to oligomers formed during the aggregation process of the amyloid
β
peptide 42 (A
β
42). The aggregation of A
β
42 involves both primary and secondary nucleation. Secondary nucleation dominates the generation of oligomers and involves the formation of new aggregates from monomers on catalytic fibril surfaces. Understanding the molecular mechanism of secondary nucleation may be crucial in developing a targeted cure. Here, the self-seeded aggregation of WT A
β
42 is studied using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with separate fluorophores in seed fibrils and monomers. Seeded aggregation proceeds faster than nonseeded reactions because the fibrils act as catalysts. The dSTORM experiments show that monomers grow into relatively large aggregates on fibril surfaces along the length of fibrils before detaching, thus providing a direct observation of secondary nucleation and growth along the sides of fibrils. The experiments were repeated for cross-seeded reactions of the WT A
β
42 monomer with mutant A
β
42 fibrils that do not catalyze the nucleation of WT monomers. While the monomers are observed by dSTORM to interact with noncognate fibril surfaces, we fail to notice any growth along such fibril surfaces. This implies that the failure to nucleate on the cognate seeds is not a lack of monomer association but more likely a lack of structural conversion. Our findings support a templating role for secondary nucleation, which can only take place if the monomers can copy the underlying parent structure without steric clashes or other repulsive interactions between nucleating monomers.
Anomalous ionic transport in tunable angstrom-size water films on silica
Authors: Allemand Aymeric , Zhao Menghua , Vincent Olivier , Fulcrand Remy , Joly Laurent , Ybert Christophe , Biance Anne-Laure
Published: June 2023

Liquid and ionic transport through nanometric structures is central to many phenomena, ranging from cellular exchanges to water resource management or green energy conversion. While pushing down toward molecular scales progressively unveils novel transport behaviors, reaching ultimate confinement in controlled systems remains challenging and has often involved 2D Van der Waals materials. Here, we propose an alternative route which circumvents demanding nanofabrication steps, partially releases material constraints, and offers continuously tunable molecular confinement. This soft-matter-inspired approach is based on the spontaneous formation of a molecularly thin liquid film onto fully wettable substrates in contact with the vapor phase of the liquid. Using silicon dioxide substrates, water films ranging from angstrom to nanometric thicknesses are formed in this manner, and ionic transport within the film can then be measured. Performing conductance measurements as a function of confinement in these ultimate regimes reveals a one-molecule thick layer of fully hindered transport nearby the silica, above which continuum, bulk-like approaches account for experimental results. Overall, this work paves the way for future investigations of molecular scale nanofluidics and provides insights into ionic transport nearby high surface energy materials such as natural rocks and clays, building concretes, or nanoscale silica membranes used for separation and filtering.
Part of the gender gap in voting for Democrats arises because a higher proportion of women than men voters are Black
Authors: England Paula , Hout Michael , Vilbig Karyn , Wells Kevin
Published: June 2023

Women voted for the Democratic candidate more than men did in each US presidential election since 1980. We show that part of the gender gap stems from the fact that a higher proportion of women than men voters are Black, and Black voters overwhelmingly choose Democratic candidates. Past research shows that Black men have especially high rates of death, incarceration, and disenfranchisement due to criminal convictions. These disparities reduce the share of men voters who are Black. We show that the gender difference in racial composition explains 24% of the gender gap in voting Democratic. The gender gap in voting Democratic is especially large among those who are never-married, and, among them, the differing racial composition of men and women voters is more impactful than in the population at large, explaining 43% of the gender gap. We consider an alternative hypothesis that income differences between single men and women explain the gender gap in voting, but our analysis leads us to reject it. Although unmarried women are poorer than unmarried men, and lower-income voters vote slightly more Democratic, the latter difference is too small for income to explain much of the gender gap in voting. In short, the large gender gap among unmarried voters is not a reflection of the lower incomes of women’s households but does reflect the fact that women voters are disproportionately Black. We used the General Social Survey as the data source for the analysis, then replicated results with the American National Election Survey data.
Leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing to unravel the impact of aging on stroke recovery mechanisms in mice
Authors: Jin Chenghao , Shi Yejie , Shi Ligen , Leak Rehana K. , Zhang Wenting , Chen Kong , Ye Qing , Hassan Sulaiman , Lyu Junxuan , Hu Xiaoming , Stetler R. Anne , Bennett Michael V. L. , Chen Jun
Published: June 2023

Aging compromises the repair and regrowth of brain vasculature and white matter during stroke recovery, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To understand how aging jeopardizes brain tissue repair after stroke, we performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling of young adult and aged mouse brains at acute (3 d) and chronic (14 d) stages after ischemic injury, focusing a priori on the expression of angiogenesis- and oligodendrogenesis-related genes. We identified unique subsets of endothelial cells (ECs) and oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitors in proangiogenesis and pro-oligodendrogenesis phenotypic states 3 d after stroke in young mice. However, this early prorepair transcriptomic reprogramming was negligible in aged stroke mice, consistent with the impairment of angiogenesis and oligodendrogenesis observed during the chronic injury stages after ischemia. In the stroke brain, microglia and macrophages (MG/MΦ) may drive angiogenesis and oligodendrogenesis through a paracrine mechanism. However, this reparative cell–cell cross talk between MG/MΦ and ECs or OLs is impeded in aged brains. In support of these findings, permanent depletion of MG/MΦ via antagonism of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor resulted in remarkably poor neurological recovery and loss of poststroke angiogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. Finally, transplantation of MG/MΦ from young, but not aged, mouse brains into the cerebral cortices of aged stroke mice partially restored angiogenesis and oligodendrogenesis and rejuvenated sensorimotor function and spatial learning and memory. Together, these data reveal fundamental mechanisms underlying the age-related decay in brain repair and highlight MG/MΦ as effective targets for promoting stroke recovery.
A tropical geometric approach to exceptional points
Authors: Banerjee Ayan , Jaiswal Rimika , Manjunath Madhusudan , Narayan Awadhesh
Published: June 2023

Non-Hermitian systems have been widely explored in platforms ranging from photonics to electric circuits. A defining feature of non-Hermitian systems is exceptional points (EPs), where both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce. Tropical geometry is an emerging field of mathematics at the interface between algebraic geometry and polyhedral geometry, with diverse applications to science. Here, we introduce and develop a unified tropical geometric framework to characterize different facets of non-Hermitian systems. We illustrate the versatility of our approach using several examples and demonstrate that it can be used to select from a spectrum of higher-order EPs in gain and loss models, predict the skin effect in the non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model, and extract universal properties in the presence of disorder in the Hatano–Nelson model. Our work puts forth a framework for studying non-Hermitian physics and unveils a connection of tropical geometry to this field.
Decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter
Authors: Davenport Rachelle , Bowen Benjamin P. , Lynch Laurel M. , Kosina Suzanne M. , Shabtai Itamar , Northen Trent R. , Lehmann Johannes
Published: June 2023

Soil organic matter (SOM) is comprised of a diverse array of reactive carbon molecules, including hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, that impact rates of SOM formation and persistence. Despite clear importance to ecosystem science, little is known about broad-scale controls on SOM diversity and variability in soil. Here, we show that microbial decomposition drives significant variability in the molecular richness and diversity of SOM between soil horizons and across a continental-scale gradient in climate and ecosystem type (arid shrubs, coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forests, grasslands, and tundra sedges). The molecular dissimilarity of SOM was strongly influenced by ecosystem type (hydrophilic compounds: 17%,
P
< 0.001; hydrophobic compounds: 10%
P
< 0.001) and soil horizon (hydrophilic compounds: 17%,
P
< 0.001; hydrophobic compounds: 21%,
P
< 0.001), as assessed using metabolomic analysis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolites. While the proportion of shared molecular features was significantly higher in the litter layer than subsoil C horizons across ecosystems (12 times and 4 times higher for hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, respectively), the proportion of site-specific molecular features nearly doubled from the litter layer to the subsoil horizon, suggesting greater differentiation of compounds after microbial decomposition within each ecosystem. Together, these results suggest that microbial decomposition of plant litter leads to a decrease in SOM α-molecular diversity, yet an increase in β-molecular diversity across ecosystems. The degree of microbial degradation, determined by the position in the soil profile, exerts a greater control on SOM molecular diversity than environmental factors, such as soil texture, moisture, and ecosystem type.
30S subunit recognition and G1405 modification by the aminoglycoside-resistance 16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase RmtC
Authors: Srinivas Pooja , Nosrati Meisam , Zelinskaya Natalia , Dey Debayan , Comstock Lindsay R. , Dunham Christine M. , Conn Graeme L.
Published: June 2023

Acquired ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methylation has emerged as a significant mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance in pathogenic bacterial infections. Modification of a single nucleotide in the ribosome decoding center by the aminoglycoside-resistance 16S rRNA (m
7
G1405) methyltransferases effectively blocks the action of all 4,6-deoxystreptamine ring-containing aminoglycosides, including the latest generation of drugs. To define the molecular basis of 30S subunit recognition and G1405 modification by these enzymes, we used a
S
-adenosyl-L-methionine analog to trap the complex in a postcatalytic state to enable determination of a global 3.0 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the m
7
G1405 methyltransferase RmtC bound to the mature
Escherichia coli
30S ribosomal subunit. This structure, together with functional analyses of RmtC variants, identifies the RmtC N-terminal domain as critical for recognition and docking of the enzyme on a conserved 16S rRNA tertiary surface adjacent to G1405 in 16S rRNA helix 44 (h44). To access the G1405 N7 position for modification, a collection of residues across one surface of RmtC, including a loop that undergoes a disorder-to order transition upon 30S subunit binding, induces significant distortion of h44. This distortion flips G1405 into the enzyme active site where it is positioned for modification by two almost universally conserved RmtC residues. These studies expand our understanding of ribosome recognition by rRNA modification enzymes and present a more complete structural basis for future development of strategies to inhibit m
7
G1405 modification to resensitize bacterial pathogens to aminoglycosides.
Quantum entropy and central limit theorem
Authors: Bu Kaifeng , Gu Weichen , Jaffe Arthur
Published: June 2023

We introduce a framework to study discrete-variable (DV) quantum systems based on qudits. It relies on notions of a mean state (MS), a minimal stabilizer-projection state (MSPS), and a new convolution. Some interesting consequences are: The MS is the closest MSPS to a given state with respect to the relative entropy; the MS is extremal with respect to the von Neumann entropy, demonstrating a “maximal entropy principle in DV systems.” We obtain a series of inequalities for quantum entropies and for Fisher information based on convolution, giving a “second law of thermodynamics for quantum convolutions.” We show that the convolution of two stabilizer states is a stabilizer state. We establish a central limit theorem, based on iterating the convolution of a zero-mean quantum state, and show this converges to its MS. The rate of convergence is characterized by the “magic gap,” which we define in terms of the support of the characteristic function of the state. We elaborate on two examples: the DV beam splitter and the DV amplifier.
Biosynthesis of Au/CuO catalyst with Syringa oblata Lindl. leaf extract for efficient selective oxidation of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Liu Hai , Wang Yimin , Ke Yihu
Published: June 2023

Efficient conversion of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is the affirmation and guarantee of the feasible development of biodiesel industry, but the biocompatibility of catalyst must be considered due to the wide application of DHA in food and medicine industries. In this work, an environmentally benign biosynthesis approach with Syringa oblata Lindl. (SoL) leaf extract was employed to fabricate Au/CuO catalysts for the oxidation of glycerol to DHA. The biosynthesized SoL-Au/CuO catalysts were characterized and the effects of plant extracts concentration, gold loading, calcination temperature and reaction conditions on the catalytic performance were systematically analyzed. High catalytic performance with glycerol conversion rate of 95.7% and DHA selectivity of 77.9% can be attained under optimum conditions. This work provides the first example of preparing biocompatible catalyst for the thermal catalytic oxidation of glycerol to DHA, which can not only reach efficient conversion of glycerol and selectivity to DHA, but also is simple, green, environmentally friendly, and promising.
Amine-aldehyde resin derived porous N-doped hollow carbon nanorods for high-energy capacitive energy storage
Authors: Deng Yujie , Li Xinyuan , Chen Ran , Cai Congcong , Mai Liqiang , Zhou Liang
Published: June 2023

Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are known for their high power density but hampered by low energy density. Herein, N-doped hollow carbon nanorods (NHCRs) have been constructed by a hard templating method using MnO2 nanorods as the hard templates and m-phenylenediamine-formaldehyde resin as the carbon precursor. The NHCRs after activation (NHCRs-A) manifest abundant micropores/mesopores and an ultrahigh surface area (2166 m2 g−1). When employed in ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte-based EDLCs, the NHCRs-A delivers a high specific capacitance (220 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), an impressive energy density (110 Wh kg−1), and decent cyclability (97% retention over 15 000 cycles). The impressive energy density is derived from the abundant ion-available micropores, while the decent power density is originated from the hollow ion-diffusion channels as well as excellent wettability in ILs. In situ infrared spectroscopy together with in situ Raman unveil that both counter-ion adsorption and ion exchange are involved in the charge storage of NHCRs-A. This study provides insight into the construction of porous carbon materials for EDLCs.
The effect of intrinsic decoherence on the dynamics of an Ξ-type qutrit system interacting with a coherent field
Authors: Obada A-S F , Hashem M , Elkhateeb M M , Rizk S-E A
Published: June 2023

This paper solves milburn’s intrinsic noise (IN) model for a 3-level atom of an Ξ-type interacting with a coherent cavity field via multiphoton transitions. Therefore, the effects of the intrinsic noise and the multi-photon interactions are investigated for some quantum phenomena, such as total correlation, entanglement, and atomic inversion. In general, we found that the collapse-revival phenomenon occurs during the oscillatory behaviour of atomic population dynamics. In addition, the birth-death phenomenon is observed in the negativity dynamics. Entropy, negativity, and mutual information have various dynamics. It is found that, as the entropy increases, the negativity and mutual information diminish to stationary levels. When intrinsic noise is considered, all the phenomena of atomic inversion, entropies, negativity and mutual information exhibit high sensitivity to high intrinsic noise values, except the mutual information dynamics, which is more resistant than that of the other quantifiers.
Research on Physical Model and Criterion of Loose Strands in Tension Stringing Construction
Authors: Wan Jiancheng , Qin Jian , Qiao Liang , Wang Shunling
Published: June 2023

In tension stringing construction, the conductor defects of loose strand often occur, which affects the construction quality and conductor life. There is no suitable method to express the physical state of such loose strand at present. Through the study of the loose strands section of the conductor, the physical model of the loose strands of the conductor is established, and the physical calculation formula of scattered strands and lantern included in loose strands defect is proposed, as well as the discrimination coefficient of the scattered strands k
1 and the lantern k
2 . 3D scanning technology of industrial CT was used to scan and model the loose strand samples of JL/G1A-630/45-45/7 and JL1/G2A-1250/100-84/19 ACSR obtained from the loose strand reproduction test of conductor. The CT scanning model is evenly intercepted to measure multiple sections, and the scattered strands coefficient and the lantern coefficient are calculated. The results show that: When k
1 and k
2 ≥ 1.2, the scattered strands and lantern defects of the conductor are more obvious, which can be used as a criterion.
Assessment of turbulence models and mesh types for the simulation of multi-body separation by coupling the CFD and rigid body dynamics
Authors: Wang Jingru , Wang Yan
Published: June 2023

Turbulence models are considered one of the most important sources of numerical errors in the CFD studies on different aeronautical problems. The mesh type can also affect the numerical accuracy and computational efficiency. In this paper, various simulations on the store separation from an aircraft model in the transonic flow have been carried out by coupling the CFD and the rigid body dynamics on the overset mesh. The influence of S-A model, Standard k-epsilon model, SST k-omega model and inviscid model on the simulation results is examined. Different mesh types of both unstructured mesh and structured mesh as component part in overset are also considered. Grid-independence study are first carried out. The effects of different turbulence models and mesh types are then examined by comparing the trajectories, velocities and Eulerian angles. Recommendations are given to get better results for the simulation of multi-body separation problem.
Design of 10:1 Speed Reducer for an Elevator
Authors: Santana H , Parco D , Galdos C , Calcina A , De la Cruz R , Moggiano N
Published: June 2023

This work aims to design a mechanical transfer system that allows us to integrate the need for power and speed ratio existing in the industry to obtain a safe mechanism ensuring the transmission system, which is optimal for maintenance. The methodology consists of two-stage gearbox design features a gear mechanism with a gear ratio of 10 to 1 to decrease the output speed and increase the motor torque. The gearbox design parameters were calculated using the Excel program; for the simulations the SolidWorks program was used. To check the gear analysis, the calculation of the safety factor of the pinion, the gears and the material validation are evidenced.
Experimental and numerical simulation of bond-slip in textile-reinforced concrete for multiple bond lengths
Authors: Venigalla Sanjay Gokul , Nabilah Abu Bakar , Azizi Safiee Nor
Published: June 2023

The rise in the use of lightweight and sustainable structural systems in the construction industry opened the chance to improve conventional construction methods. To produce a slender structural member, the use of textile in concrete, herein referred to as textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), has been explored. The textile used is primarily carbon, producing a lightweight and durable construction material. The TRC possesses vast possibilities in terms of its usage, however, identification of accurate bond-slip behaviour at the materials interface is one of the limitations that need to be addressed. Based on the literature, there are difficulties in determining the bond-slip relationship both experimentally and numerically, creating inconsistency in the results. This study aims to determine the bond-slip relation of TRC through pull-out tests and finite element analysis in order to replicate the actual bond-slip behaviour at the interface. The bond characteristics of TRC were assessed using pull-out specimens with different bond lengths of textile, i.e.; 20 mm, 40 mm, and 60 mm. A double-sided unsymmetrical test setup with equal clamp lengths is used for the experimental work. Using a tri-linear bond-slip interface relation, the numerical model is developed to establish the microscopic interface behaviour. The bond failure due to pull-out and rupture are observed in the pull-out test. Finally, the experimental results are compared with numerical modelling, and the results are in good agreement.
Facile one-precursor and one-pot synthesis of Girard’s reagent T-based carbon dots for bacteria-resistant and anti-biofilm applications
Authors: Yang Jun-Lan , Yuan Hou-Qun , Fu Jia-Hao , Luo Xin , Bao Guang-Ming
Published: June 2023

Based on the promising development of carbon dots in antibacterial applications, Girard’s reagent T-based carbon dots (GRT-CDs) with a mean size of 2.41 nm and excellent antibacterial performance were synthesized through a one-step method. The minimum inhibitory concentration of GRT-CDs was 200 μg ml−1 for both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The bacterial growth curves showed that the inhibitory effect of GRT-CDs on bacterial multiplication was strongly concentration-dependent. The bactericidal effect of GRT-CDs was further demonstrated by the large differences in bacterial fluorescence staining plots. Zeta potential measurements and scanning electron microscope images indicated that GRT-CDs formed complexes with bacteria, which affected the normal physiological activities of bacteria, causing their rupture and death. In addition, GRT-CDs efficiently inhibited biofilm formation and removed mature biofilms. Furthermore, GRT-CDs also exhibited a remarkable inhibitory activity on MRSA. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that GRT-CDs had good cytocompatibility and even promoted cell proliferation at low concentrations. Therefore, the GRT-CDs obtained from a one-precursor and one-pot synthesis show good prospects for antibacterial applications.
Record-breaking summer rainfall in the Asia–Pacific region attributed to the strongest Asian westerly jet related to aerosol reduction during COVID-19
Authors: An Xiadong , Chen Wen , Zhang Weihang , Chen Shangfeng , Ma Tianjiao , Wang Fei , Sheng Lifang
Published: June 2023

The Asia–Pacific region suffered record rainfall in summer 2020, which was accompanied by the strongest Asian subtropical westerly jet (ASWJ) of the past four decades. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly around the world, resulting in an abrupt reduction in emissions in East Asia. Here, we investigate whether the enhanced ASWJ induced by plummeting aerosols contributed to the record-breaking rainfall. The results show that tropospheric warming in Southeast Asia, in particular southern China, due to local aerosol reduction, acted to increase the meridional temperature gradients in the mid–lower troposphere, which supported a strong ASWJ in the upper troposphere via the thermal wind balance. The latter enhanced divergence in the upper troposphere over the Asia–Pacific region, which provided a favorable ascending motion for the record rainfall that took place there. Therefore, against a background of carbon neutrality (i.e. the reduction in aerosols), our results imply more strong summer rainfall in the Asia–Pacific region.
Quantum Hamilton–Jacobi quantization and shape invariance
Authors: Dasgupta Rathi , Gangopadhyaya Asim
Published: June 2023

Quantum Hamilton–Jacobi (QHJ) quantization scheme uses the singularity structure of the potential of a quantum mechanical system to generate its eigenspectrum and eigenfunctions, and its efficacy has been demonstrated for several well known conventional potentials. Using a recent work in supersymmetric quantum mechanics, we prove that the additive shape invariance of all conventional potentials and unbroken supersymmetry are sufficient conditions for their solvability within the QHJ formalism.
Diagnosis of Marek’s Disease in Isa Brown Layer Chicken based on Anatomical Pathology and Histopathological Examination
Authors: Aliza Dwinna , Nazaruddin  , Hassan Denny Irmawati , Rosmaidar  , Elfridayanti
Published: June 2023

Marek’s disease and reticuloendotheliosis are neoplastic diseases in poultry infected by Marek’s disease virus (MDV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), respectively. This infection may lead to tumor growth in the chicken organ which is difficult to distinguish based on macroscopic lesions, therefore it is important to further diagnose by histopathological examination. Thus, this study aimed to diagnose Marek’s disease in layer chicken based on anatomical pathology and histopathology examination. The samples used were ten cadavers of culled Isa Brown chicken that died in the poultry market. The samples were immediately transported to Pathology Laboratory for necropsy and macroscopically examination. The tumors observed on the pancreas and mesenteric organs were collected and then proceeded to histopathological examination followed by staining using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome (MT). The anatomical pathology examination showed numerous white-colorized tumors which vary in size found in the mesenteries and pancreas. Histopathological examination demonstrated that tumors consisted of inflammatory cells and reticular cells. The inflammatory cells were pleomorphic and basophilic lymphocytes. In conclusion, in this study, the diagnosis of the visceral type of Marek’s disease in ISA brown layer chicken by means of the anatomical pathology examination was characterized by tumor nodules in the pancreas and mesenteric organs. While microscopically the tumor tissue in Marek’s disease consists of connective tissue and lymphocytes with large cell sizes, varying shapes, and basophilic colors.
Activity of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Extract Against Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Bacteria
Authors: Ramadhaniah V , Indrawati A , Prasetyo B F
Published: June 2023

Vibriosis is the primary bacterial illness shrimp farmers face due to mass death in young shrimp, called Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS). The etiology of this disease is Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacterium. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the natural compounds that can suppress the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria. This study aims to assess the effect of garlic extract on the growth of Vibrio parahemolyticus bacteria in 96 percent ethanol solvent at garlic extract concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method is utilized, which estimates the diameter of the inhibitory zone surrounding the disc. Making garlic extract by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent and evaporated with a rotary vacuum evaporator. The results showed that a ethanol 96% extract of garlic with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% had antibacterial activity on V. parahaemolyticus bacteria with an average inhibition zone diameter of 4.9 mm, 8.4 mm, 9.4 mm, 11.9 mm, respectively. This study concluded that garlic extracts have antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
In Vitro Effectiveness of Jamu Ternak Against Paramphistomiasis
Authors: Pramuda L C G , Pratama I S , Tresnani G , Aulia N , Solehah K , Hidayat L H
Published: June 2023

The prevalence of cattles trematodosis in Bali and Nusa Tenggara at 2016 was 37.21%. Jamu ternak, an appetite enhancer assumed have a potential antiparamphistomiasis effect, but there still a lack of research has been done. This research aim was to evaluate the antiparamphistomiasis activity of jamu ternak. Jamu ternak were prepared and further characterized in terms of organoleptic, specific gravity, pH, and phytochemical screening. Wholemount preparations of Paramphistomum sp. stained with Clitoria ternatea were identified under a microscope. The adult Paramphistomum sp. were divided into 5 groups consist of 0.9% w/v NaCl, Albendazole 10%, and jamu ternak (25, 50, and 100% v/v). The percentage of flukes mortality and motility score were recorded every 15 minutes for 7 hours of incubation. Time of death, relative motility, and flukes survival index values were calculated and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 28 software. Jamu ternak colour is yellow with spicy taste, aromatic odor, specific gravity value of 1,018 and pH of 3,75. Jamu ternak contain secondary metabolites except tannins. All of groups achieved 100% mortality. The average mortality time of flukes in negative control, positive control, jamu ternak (25%, 50% and 100% v/v), respectively were 398.33; 135; 101.67; 128.33; and 108.33 minutes. The relative motility values were 95.24; 19.62; 15.71; 19.48; and 15.48 %. The survival index values were 82.9; 36.95; 27.38; 35.86; and 29.52%. Jamu ternak 25% v/v considered as the effective antiparamphistomiasis dose with the average time of death, relative motility, and survival index value higher than Albendazole 10% w/v (p<0.05).
Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Antibiotic Resistance Gene of Staphylococcus aureus from Broiler Chicken Farm in Sukabumi and Cianjur Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Hermana N S P , Safika  , Indrawati A , Wibawan I W T , Pasaribu F H
Published: June 2023

Broiler chicken is one of the most common forms of protein in Indonesia. Sukabumi and Cianjur are two of the province of West Java’s top producers of broiler chickens. Farmers nonetheless use antibiotics for prevention, treatment, and growth enhancement. The objective of this investigation is to detect antibiotic resistance and the related resistance gene. The cloacal swab samples were determined to be Staphylococcus aureus by biochemical and molecular assays. Against the positive S. aureus strains, the antibiotics tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol were evaluated. The colony’s obvious inhibitory zone was evaluated in accordance with the 2018 Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute recommendations (CLSI 2018). After extracting the DNA from resistant strains, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was employed to identify the resistance gene. The total number of S. aureus isolates from both regions was 26, with 14 coming from Sukabumi and 12 from Cianjur. The vast majority were resistant to the vast majority of antibiotics used in broiler farms including several medicines. These samples carried the genes blaTEM, gyrA, tetA, and ermB for antibiotic resistance.
Comparison of Invivo and Invitro PGF2α Administrations on The Sperm Quality of Gembrong Goats
Authors: Husnurrizal Husnurrizal , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Eriani Kartini , Wahyuni Sri , Hafizuddin Hafizuddin , Ramadhan Muhammad Rizky , Azmi Zul , Anwar Anwar , Febretrisiana Arie
Published: June 2023

Improving semen quality of goat can be done through the administration of PGF2α in vivo (injection) or in vitro (addition to diluent media). This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of in vivo and in vitro PGF2α administration to improve the sperm quality of Gembrong goats. In this study, four Gembrong goats were used and divided into two treatment groups, namely K1 (n=2) which received an injection of 75 μg PGF2α, and K2 (n=2), which received an injection of 1.5 ml physiological NaCl. The collection of Gembrong goat semen was carried out 30 minutes after the treatment in each group. Then, the semen was examined macroscopically and microscopically. The semen collected in K2 was diluted with a diluent and mixed with 75 μg of PGF2α, whereas the semen collected in K1 was diluted without the addition of PGF2α. T-test was performed to analyze research data on the semen quality (volume, motility, concentration, viability, and abnormalities) after the in vivo treatment as well as spermatozoa motility after the in vitro treatment. The results showed that the in vivo administration of PGF2α was able to increase the concentration of spermatozoa (x 106 sperm cells/ml) in K1 vs. K2 with concentrations of 2300 ± 1343.5 vs. 1,185±431.34 (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the in vitro administration of PGF2α was able to increase pre-freezing motility in K1 and K2 with motility values (%) of 55.98±0.74 and 70.21±0.04 (P<0.05), respectively. Based on the results, the study concluded that both in vivo and in vitro administrations of PGF2α were able to improve the semen quality of Gembrong goats.
Retrospective Study of Helminthiasis in Wild Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) Rescued by Dharmasraya Sumatran Tiger Rehabilitation Center
Authors: Amarilis K , Suandika P , Ahmadi M , Sianipar D H A , Windarti  , Nurcahyo R W , Indarjulianto S
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the incidence of worm infection in wild Panthera tigris sumatrae rescued at Dharmasraya Sumatran Tiger Rehabilitation Center ARSARI based on physical and laboratory examination. The study used 12 Sumatran tigers, immediately after the tigers had been rescued. All Sumatran tigers were physically examined, followed by checking their blood and fecal for investigating the possibility of helminthiasis infections. The fecal examination method was carried out using qualitative methods (native, sedimentation, and flotation). The results of the physical examination found that 5 tigers didn’t show any clinical symptoms and 7 tigers were anemic and dehydrated with their blood profiles showing the presence of eosinophilia. The results also found that there were five types of worm eggs, namely Ancylostoma sp. (75%), Toxocara sp. (25%), Trichuris sp. (25%), Strongyloides sp. (8.3%) and Trichostrongylus sp. (8.3%) with a 100% helminthiasis incidence. These results of this retrospective study are expected to provide information on helminthiasis infection in wild P.t. sumatrae in their natural habitat. In conclusion, all of 12 rescued tigers suffering from helminthiasis with the main clinical symptoms being anemia, dehydration and eosinophilia .