bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Database of the Active Faults of Eurasia (AFEAD): Ontology and Design behind the Continental-Scale Dataset
Authors: Zelenin Egor , Bachmanov Dmitry , Garipova Sofya , Trifonov Vladimir , Kozhurin Andrey
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Active faults are those faults on which movement is possible in the future. It draws particular attention to active faults in geodynamic studies and seismic hazard assessment. Here we present a high-detail continental-scale geodatabase: The Active Faults of Eurasia Database (AFEAD). It comprises 46,775 objects stored in the shapefile format with spatial detail sufficient for a map of scale 1:1M. Fault sense, a rank of confidence in activity, a rank of slip rate, and a reference to source publications are provided for each database entry. Where possible, it is supplemented with a fault name, fault zone name, abbreviated fault parameters (e.g., slip rate, age of the last motion, total offset), and text information from the sources. The database was collected from 612 sources, including regional maps, databases, and research papers. AFEAD facilitates a spatial search for local studies. It provides sufficient detail for planning a study of a particular fault system and guides deeper bibliographical investigations if needed. This scenario is particularly significant for vast Central and North Asia areas, where most studies are available only in Russian and hardcopy. Moreover, the database model provides the basis for GIS-based regional and continental-scale integrative studies. The database is available at https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10333.74726 and via web map at http://neotec.ginras.ru/index/mapbox/database_map.html (last access: July 30, 2021). Some database representations with supplementary data are hosted at http://neotec.ginras.ru/index/english/database_eng.html.
Did Holocene climate changes drive West Antarctic grounding line retreat and readvance?
Authors: Neuhaus Sarah U. , Tulaczyk Slawek M. , Stansell Nathan D. , Coenen Jason J. , Scherer Reed P. , Mikucki Jill A. , Powell Ross D.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Knowledge of past ice sheet configurations is useful for informing projections of future ice sheet dynamics and for calibrating ice sheet models. The topology of grounding line retreat in the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica has been much debated, but it has generally been assumed that the modern ice sheet is as small as it has been for more than 100 000 years (Conway et al., 1999; Lee et al., 2017; Lowry et al., 2019; McKay et al., 2016; Scherer et al., 1998). Recent findings suggest that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) grounding line retreated beyond its current location earlier in the Holocene and subsequently readvanced to reach its modern position (Bradley et al., 2015; Kingslake et al., 2018). Here, we further constrain the post-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) grounding line retreat and readvance in the Ross Sea sector using a two-phase model of radiocarbon input and decay in subglacial sediments from six sub-ice sampling locations. In addition, we reinterpret high basal temperature gradients, measured previously at three sites in this region (Engelhardt, 2004), which we explain as resulting from recent ice shelf re-grounding accompanying grounding line readvance. At
one location – Whillans Subglacial Lake (SLW) – for which a sediment
porewater chemistry profile is known, we estimate the grounding line
readvance by simulating ionic diffusion. Collectively, our analyses indicate that the grounding line retreated over SLW 4300-2500+1500 years ago, and over sites on Whillans Ice Stream (WIS), Kamb Ice Stream (KIS), and Bindschadler Ice Stream (BIS) 4700-2300+1500, 1800-700+2700, and 1700-600+2800 years ago, respectively. The grounding line only recently readvanced back over those sites 1100-100+200, 1500-200+500, 1000-300+200, and 800±100 years ago for SLW, WIS, KIS, and BIS, respectively. The timing of grounding line retreat coincided with a warm period in the mid-Holocene to late Holocene. Conversely, grounding line readvance is coincident with cooling climate in the last 1000–2000 years. Our estimates for the timing of grounding line retreat and readvance are also consistent with relatively low carbon-to-nitrogen ratios measured in our subglacial sediment samples (suggesting a marine source of organic matter) and with the lack of grounding zone wedges in front of modern grounding lines. Based on these results, we propose that the Siple Coast grounding line motions in the mid-Holocene to late Holocene were primarily driven by relatively modest changes in regional climate, rather than by ice sheet dynamics and glacioisostatic rebound, as hypothesized previously (Kingslake et al., 2018).
Chronostratigraphy of blue ice at the Larsen Glacier in Northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Lee Giyoon , Ahn Jinho , Ju Hyeontae , Ritterbusch Florian , Oyabu Ikumi , Kim Songyi , Moon Jangil , Buizert Christo , Ghosh Sambit , Kawamura Kenji , Lu Zheng-Tian , Hong Sangbum , Han Chang Hee , Hur Soon Do , Jiang Wei , Yang Guo-Min
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Blue ice areas (BIAs) allow for the collection of large-sized old ice samples in a cost-effective way because deep ice outcrops and make old ice samples available close to the surface. However, most chronostratigraphy studies on blue ice are complicated due to fold and fault structures. Here, we report a simple stratigraphy of ice from the Larsen BIA, Antarctica, making the area valuable for paleoclimate studies. Ice layers defined by dust bands and ground penetration radar (GPR) surveys indicate a monotonic increase in age along the ice flow direction on the downstream side, while the upstream ice exhibits a potential repetition of ages on scales of tens of meters, as shown in the complicated fold structure. Stable water isotopes (δ18Oice and δ2Hice) and components of the occluded air (i.e., CO2, N2O, CH4, δ15N-N2, δ18Oatm (= δ18O-O2), δO2/N2, δAr/N2, 81Kr and 85Kr) were analyzed for surface ice and shallow ice core samples. Correlating δ18Oice, δ18Oatm, and CH4 records of Larsen ice with existing ice core records indicates that the gas age at shallow coring sites ranges between 9.2–23.4 ka BP and ice age for entire surface sampling sites between 5.6–24.7 ka BP. Absolute radiometric 81Kr dating for the two cores confirms the ages within acceptable levels of analytical uncertainty. Our study demonstrates that BIA in northern Victoria Land may help researchers obtain high-quality records for paleoclimate and atmospheric greenhouse gas compositions through the last deglaciation.
Students in the Real-World of Performance Tasks Assessment: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Petalla Marisa B. , Doromal Araceli C.
Published: October 2021

Providing relevant learning activities in a responsive classroom is necessary to develop 21st-century skills and competencies among students. That is why performance task assessment comes in as part of the educational reform brought about by the K to 12 Curriculum of the Department of Education. Several studies on the challenges to the curriculum planners and educators in implementing the performance-based assessment have been conducted. However, limited research has been done to look into the challenges encountered by the students during this implementation. Thus, this study was conducted. Employing a generic qualitative research design, this study explores the challenges encountered by Senior High School students in the implementation of the Performance Task Assessment. The data were gathered from the six participants who were chosen using criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling techniques. These participants got the lowest scores in the performance tasks component of the students' grades. The data were collected utilizing the unstructured interview. During the interview, the iterative process was followed until the saturation point was reached. The gathered data were analyzed using the recursive textual data analysis. The result of the study revealed that planning of tasks, execution of tasks, and consequences of tasks were contributory to the challenges encountered by students. Challenges on the planning of tasks included quality of leadership, preparation, and articulation. The absence of skills and lack of supervision and motivation were included in the challenges specific to the execution of tasks. Consequences of tasks included challenges brought about by unreliable scores received and the limited learning gained. The findings provided the baseline data for the formulation of departmental policies and procedures on the implementation of performance tasks assessment.
Adolescent Psychological Well-Being: The Case of Filipino Catholic High School Students with Absentee Parents
Authors: Sablaon Cecilia M. , Madrigal Dennis V.
Published: October 2021

Psychological well-being (PWB) refers to a person's quality of looking at things and situations. Despite one's limitations, he/she can overcome challenges and live a satisfying, productive, and happy life. This descriptive-correlational research design assessed the level of psychological well-being of Catholic high school students with absentee parents of a private school in Antique, Philippines, during the school year 2019-2020.  Selected using stratified random sampling, there were 85 respondents who participated in the study. The data were collected using Ryff's item Psychological Well-Being Scale test. Mean, standard deviations, and Spearman rank correlation were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that the level of psychological well-being of Catholic high school students with absentee parents of a private school in Antique was high. Categories on personal growth, positive relations, and purpose in life were also high, while autonomy, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance were moderate. In addition, a significant relationship was found between family monthly income, academic level, and involvement in Church ministry and PWB. Meanwhile, sex and attendance on Sunday masses had no significant relationship with PWB. Thus, Catholic students demonstrated a positive view of life and cope with challenges despite the absence of their parents.
Chronic aflatoxin M1 exposure of Hungarian consumers
Authors: Kerekes Kata , Csorba Szilveszter , Ambrus Árpád
Published: October 2021

The mycotoxin contamination of foods also appears in the food chain. Aflatoxin is metabolized in animals and its aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) metabolite, which is similarly, but ten times less genotoxic and carcinogenic than aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is also present in milk, liver and eggs. Of these, the most significant food safety risk is posed by the contamination of milk with AFM1. In our article, the deterministic exposure estimation of Hungarian consumers is presented, based on the AFM1 contamination of milk and dairy products. The results indicate that the exposure of children under three years of age clearly poses a health risk, while the exposure of the 3 to 6 year old age group is borderline. The exposure of older age groups in ng/kg body weight does not pose an immediate health risk due to the increasing body weight. However, it needs to be emphasized that the presence of carcinogenic compounds should be kept to a minimum in all age groups. To this end, we propose an amendment to the regulation regarding the factory inspection of milk.
The effect of lactation number and lactation stage on milk yield, on the composition and on the microbiological properties of raw cow milk in a Hungarian dairy farm
Authors: Petróczki Flóra Mária , Béri Béla , Peles Ferenc
Published: October 2021

Changes in the composition and hygienic properties of milk affect producer price, so it is essential for the responsible dairy farmer to collect information on changes in these parameters due to various factors. In their study, the authors seek to answer the question whether there is a fluctuation in the daily milk yield of cows and in the composition (fat and protein content) and microbiological properties (somatic cell count, total plate count, coliform and S. aureus count) of raw cow’s milk in primiparous and multiparous cows or at different stages of their lactation. Based on the data of a Hungarian large-scale dairy farm, it was found that there was no difference in the fat and protein content of the milk, but the daily milk yield was higher in the case of multiparous cows and, compared to the milk of primiparous cows, their milk had a higher somatic cell count and larger amounts of coliform bacteria. The daily milk yield decreased in the successive stages of lactation, but the fat and protein content of the milk increased, which is presumably due to the concentrating effect of the decreasing milk yield. No significant change was observed in the colony count of microorganisms at the different stages of lactation.
Characterization of Serratia species and qualitative detection of Serratia marcescens in raw and pasteurized milk by an analytical method based on polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Korcz Evelin , Varga László , Kerényi Zoltán
Published: October 2021

Serratia species are opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms primarily known as nosocomial infectious agents, which can also cause food quality problems. The appearance of the extracellular pigment-producing Serratia marcescens in cow’s milk causes its red discoloration, posing a challenge to the dairy industry and food certification laboratories. The detection of the bacterium by conventional procedures based on microbiological methods is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and in many cases does not lead to satisfactory results due to the competitive inhibitory effect of the accompanying microflora. Following the analysis of the relevant literature, the published endpoint PCR methods and the primers used for the detection of S. marcescens were evaluated in in silico and in vitro assays, and then the procedure was tested on farm milk samples. Using the method, a total of 60 raw and pasteurized milk samples were analyzed, more than half of which (i.e., 32) were identified as S. marcescens positive. The significance of our work is mainly represented by the application of the published test methods in food industry practice. Our results highlight to the importance of detecting this bacterial species.
Attitudes towards health foods in terms of diet and physical activity
Authors: Nábrádi Zsófia , Szakály Zoltán
Published: October 2021

In our research, the aim was to examine consumer attitudes related to health foods, and these were analyzed in terms of physical activity and diet. Our studies were carried out in three stages. First, a netnographic analysis (a study of social interactions in the contemporary digital communication environment – Editor) was performed with data recorded in a search engine on the one hand and with the content analysis of posts and comments made in groups of publicly available social media sites on the other hand. The interest and its changes of consumers present in the online space were detected in the common subset of health-conscious eating and physical activity. While the number of hits shows a variable rate growth from year to year, the contetns are concentrated in relatively stable groups. Based on this, four main topics can be distinguished in the online space in the common subset of healthy eating and exercise: Training plans with recipes, Requests for recommendations, Providing advice, Motivational examples. During teh second stage of our research, focus group interviews were conducted. The impact of regular exercise on the purchase and consumption of health foods was examined, and also the implications of this in developing and maintaining a diet perceived to be healthier by the consumers. 7 people were included in each study, based on preliminary criteria. The differentiating factor in joining the groups was the performance of regular physical activity, so an active and a passive group was formed. The identification of differences and characteristics was fundamental to the design of our quantitative research. During the third stage of our research, we were the first in Hungary to adapt the Consumer Style Inventory (CSI)1 test for health foods, the final version of which contains 25 items. In adition, differences in the way people transition to a healthy diet were examined. Based on the Eurobarometer survey, statements related to physical activity and sedentary lifestyle were formulated, which were classified as background variables in the analysis. The survey includes a gender-representative sample of 300 people. In our exploratory research, attitudes appearing in CSI were identified by principal component analysis, and then groups were formed by K-means cluster analysis. Based on this, four homogeneous consumer groups were identified in terms of attitudes towards health foods: Uninterested, Health-oriented, Variety seekers, Uncertain brand choosers. Our results show that a sedentary lifestyle has no effect, while a diet considered healthy, as well as the regularity and duration of physical activity have significant effects on attitudes toward health foods.
A csomagolással kapcsolatos ismeretek felmérése egy kvantitatív kutatás alapján
Authors: Lendvai Edina
Published: October 2021

A csomagolástechnika is egyike napjaink rohamosan fejlődő tudományágainak, mely számos másik tudományterületre innovatív hatást gyakorol, például az élelmiszeriparra. A műanyagokat úgy is nevezhetjük, mint a XXI. század anyagai, amelyek nélkül ma már nehezen tudnánk elképzelni az életünket. A bioműanyagokat megújuló forrásból származó alapanyagokból állítják elő, a lebomló műanyagok pedig hagyományos alapú műanyagok és lebomlást segítő adalékanyagok keverékei. Kvalitatív, online kérdőíves kutatásomban 513 fő adott választ azokra a kérdéseimre, hogy melyek a csomagolás fő funkciói, milyen jellemzőkkel kell rendelkeznie egy csomagolóanyagnak, mely csomagolású élelmiszereket részesítik előnyben, találkoztak-e már környezetbarát csomagolóanyaggal. A sok hasznos információ mellett kiderült, a magyarok jellemzően papíron ökotudatosak, a valóságban azonban nem fordítanak rá kellő a figyelmet. Elsősorban a 46-65 év közötti diplomás nők azok, akik a környezeti, ökológiai szempontokat is szem előtt tartják, ha élelmiszereket vásárolnak.
MANAJEMEN BENCANA BERBASIS HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sukoco Johan Bhimo
Published: October 2021

Bencana menjadi isu yang sangat strategik dalam kancah nasional maupun internasional. Anies (2018), menyebutkan bahwa Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara rawan bencana di dunia berdasarkan data Badan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Strategi Internasional Pengurangan Resiko Bencana (UN-ISDR). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji gambaran manajemen bencana di Indonesia dengan pendekatan humanitarian logistics.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan studi dokumen, dimana data sekunder diolah dari berbagai dokumen, arsip, maupun literatur. Teknis analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif, dengan berfokus pada komponen reduksi data, sajian data, verifikasi serta penarikan kesimpulan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan manajemen bencana yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia sudah dilakukan dengan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip humanitarian logistics. Namun demikian, dirasa masih perlu peningkatan kinerja distribusi logistik maupun peralatan, utamanya di daerah rawan bencana.
ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN UMKM MELALUI DIMENSI KREATIVITAS DAN INOVASI (Studi Kasus pada UMKM di Kecamatan Sugihwaras Kabupaten Bojonegoro)
Authors: Murtini  , Mardi W. Nugroho , Hartati C. Sri
Published: October 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kreativitas, inovasi dan perkembangan UMKM di Kecamatan Sugihwaras Kabupaten Bojonegoro, untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh kreativitas terhadap perkembangan UMKM di Kecamatan Sugihwaras Kabupaten Bojonegoro, Untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh inovasi terhadap perkembangan UMKM di Kecamatan Sugihwaras Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Jenis dari penelitian ini adalah eksplanasi, sedangkan pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan Kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah UMKM Kecamatan Sugihwaras sebanyak 34 UMKM. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 34 UMKM yang ada di Kecamatan Sugihwaras. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil secara total atau menggunakan metode sensus sampling. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar variabel digunakan analisis dengan teknik Regresi Linier Berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat diketahui variabel kreativitas dalam kategori baik, variabel inovasi dalam kategori baik, dan variabel pengembangan UMKM di Kecamatan Sugihwaras Kabupaten Bojonegoro juga dalam kategori baik. Kreativitas mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel pengembangan UMKM di Kecamatan Sugihwaras Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Inovasi mempunyai pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap variabel pengembangan UMKM di Kecamatan Sugihwaras Kabupaten Bojonegoro.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA, KEPUASAN KERJA DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI MELALUI SEMANGAT KERJA PEGAWAI BRI CABANG BOJONEGORO
Authors: Hasanudin Mochamad Fauzi , Utari Woro , Wibowo Nugroho Mardi
Published: October 2021

Tujuan diadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi lingkungan kerja, kepuasan kerja, kepemimpinan, semangat kerja dan kinerja pegawai di BRI Cabang Bojonegoro. Untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan kerja, kepuasan dan kepemimpinan terhadap semangat kerja pegawai. Pengaruh lingkungan kerja, kepuasan, kepemimpinan dan semangat kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai. Untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan kerja, kepuasan dan kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja melalui semangat kerja pegawai. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai BRI Cabang Bojonegoro. Sampel sebanyaj 100 orang dengan menggunakan simple random sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa lingkungan kerja, kepuasan kerja, kepemimpinan semangat kerja dan kinerja pegawai BRI Cabang Kabupaten Bojonegoro semuanya dalam kondisi baik. Lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semangat kerja pegawai. Kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semangat kerja pegawai. Lingkungan kerja, kepuasan dan semanagat kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja melalui semangat kerja pegawai. Kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja melalui semangat kerja pegawai.
KRITIK NALAR ISLAM M. ARKOUN
Authors: Farid Mohamad , Eliana Eliana
Published: October 2021

Naskah ini mengakaji tentang pemikiran M. Arkoun yang mana sederet karya yang bersangkutan dapat di lihat diantaranya adalah; (1) The Unthought in Contemporary Islamic; (2) Thought, 2002, London; (3) The Aga Khan Award as a Process of Thinking, 1998; (4) L'immigration: défis et richesses, LXXIIe session des Semaines sociales de France, Paris and Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, 1997; (5) Spirituality in Architecture, 1995; (6) Rethinking Islam: common questions, uncommon answers, Boulder, Col. 1994; (7) Les cultures del Magreb, 1994; (8) L'Islam et les musulmans dans le monde, 1993; (9) La passione del conoscere Preta, Lorena, 1993; (10) Architectural Alternatives in Deteriorating Societies, 1992; (11) The Meaning of Cultural Conservation in Muslim Societies, 1990; (12) A Policy for Architectural Conservation, 1990; (13) Muslim Character: The Essential and the Changeable, 1989; (14) Current Islam Faces its Tradition, 1989 (15) L'islam, morale et politique, 1986; (16) Pour une critique de la raison islamique, 1984; (17) Islam, Urbanism, and Human Existence Today, 1983; (18) Building and Meaning in the Islamic World, 1983 )19) L'Islam, religion et société, 1982; (20) Lectures du Coran, 1982; (21) La Pensée arabe, 1975; (22) Essais sur la pensée islamique, 1973; (23) Les Musulmans. Consultation islamo-chrétienne entre Muhammad Arkoun [et al.] et Youakim Moubarac. Postface par M. Kamel Hussein et par Daniel Pézeril, 1971; (24) Contribution à l'étude de l'humanisme arabe au 4e/10e siècle, 1969/1970
PANDANGAN ISLAM TENTANG PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN DIKLAT TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. MATAHARI DEPARTMENT STORE ROYAL PLAZA SURABAYA
Authors: Munir Misbachul , Astutiek Dwi , Jaunah Siti Nurul
Published: October 2021

Dunia bisnis memiliki banyak sekali jenis usaha yang ada, diantaranya adalah usaha dagang, usaha perdagangan juga memiliki beberapa jenis cabang berdasarkan jenis usahanya. Salah satunya adalah usaha dagang berupa retail. Dalam perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang retail, ada banyak factor penentu keberhasilan, salah satunya adalah kemampuan mengatur sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan memecahkan masalah tentang pengaruh motivasi dan diklat terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Matahari Department Store Royal Plaza Surabaya, dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode deskripsi kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. dari hasil penelitian secara simultan menunjukkan Fhitung> Ftabel dengan sig 0,000 nilai probabilitanya lebih kecil dari 0,05 dengan demikian Hi diterima dan Ho ditolak yang berarti adanya pengaruh antara motivasi kerja dan diklat terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Matahari Department Store Royal Plaza Surabaya adalah signifikan atau menyakinkan. Dan koefisien R2 sebesar 0,695 atau mendekati 1 menunjukkanpengaruh yang kuat antara motivasi kerja dan diklat terhadap variabel kinerja.
RELEVANSI HAK WALI MUJBIR DALAM PERNIKAHAN ANAK GADIS DITINJAU DARI PRESPEKTIF GENDER HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Ismail Moh. , Zuhdiana Faiqoh
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis pandangan pakar hukum Islam tentang hak Wali Mujbir, status pernikahan anak gadis dengan menggunakan wali mujbir dalam Hukum Islam, dan pandangan teori gender hukum Islam terhadap wali mujbir. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Imam Syafi’i berpandangan bahwasanya otoritas wali mujbir dalam perkawinan sangat menentukan, yang melahirkan perbedaan persetujuan gadis dan janda. Dan cara menjaga anak gadisnya yang dianggap belum mengerti sama sekali tentang perkawinan dari kesalahan dalam memilih pasangan (Dar’u al-Mafāsid). Pandangan ini berbeda dengan Imam Hanafi yang tidak membeda-bedakan status gadis dan janda. Imam Hanafi berpendapat bahwa kosep wali mujbir tidak berlaku kecuali hanya pada anak gadis yang belum baligh dan pada gadis dewasa yang tidak waras atau gila; 2) Islam tidak mengatur secara konkrit mengenai batasan pernikahan baik untuk anak laki-laki maupun anak perempuan. Akan tetapi para ulama telah sepakat bahwa, baligh ialah sebuah tanda untuk anak laki-laki dan perempuan telah bisa melangsungkan pernikahan dan hal tersebut termasuk ke dalam syarat pernikahan; 3) Laki-laki dan perempuan mempunyai hak dan kewajiban yang sama dalam menjalankan peran Khalifah dan hamba. Soal peran sosial dalam masyarakat tidak ditemukan ayat Al-Qur’an dan hadis yang melarang perempuan aktif didalamnya. Sebaliknya Al-Qur’an dan hadis banyak mengisyaratkan kebolehan perempuan aktif menekuni berbagai profesi. Dengan demikian keadilan gender adalah suatu kondisi adil bagi perempuan dan laki-laki untuk dapat mengaktualisasikan dan memdedikasikan diri bagi pembangun bangsa dan negara.
MENEROPONG FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Ismail Moh.
Published: October 2021

Discussing the philosophy of Islamic law gives its own nuances to our scientific discipline. The study of Islamic legal philosophy does not merely discuss how the ideal basis of a law emerges, but rather leads to how a legal event occurs, the basic principles of establishing a law, and the values ​​of its benefits. This study is intended to analyze the philosophy of Islamic law from a review of ontology, epistemology and axiology. The results of this literature study show that Hasbi's discussion of Islamic legal philosophy was simplified into Tashri 'Philosophy, which discusses Mabadiu al-Ahkam (the basic principles of Islamic law), Ushul al-Ahkam (Juridical basis or the ideal basis of Islamic law), Qawaid al -Ahkam (principles of Islamic law), and others. Furthermore, the discussion forms the Shari'ah philosophy in which it describes Asrar al-Ahkam (secrets of Islamic law), Khasais al-Ahkam (specificities of Islamic law), and Mahasin al-Ahkam (beauties of Islamic law). Meanwhile, Muchlis Usman divides three models of methods used in the development of legal philosophy, namely: Pragmatic, Idealistic, and Comparative. They produce various methods in formulating Islamic law. Muhammad Ma'ruf al-Dawalibi divides the method of ijtihad in Islamic law into three groups. Namely the Bayani, Qiyasi, and Istislahi methods. The benefits of studying Philosophy are three dimensions of advantages, namely: Providing a foundation as well as directing the process of implementing the law based on Islamic teachings, Criticizing and correcting the methods and processes of implementing Islamic law, and evaluating the methods and processes of implementing Islamic law.
KOMPETENSI DAN YURISDIKSI HUKUM ISLAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Nasucha Juli Amalia
Published: October 2021

Some of the themes discussed in this study include: knowing the miniature of Sharia, the field of Fiqh, Islamic governance, and Political Asylum. Some of the conclusions generated from the discussion regarding the Competence and Jurisdiction of Islamic Law include: First, it is necessary to know that there are two dimensions in Islamic law which are closely related to each other, namely the divine dimension and the Insaniyah dimension. Second, as a derivation of the two dimensions contained in Islamic law, then Islamic law is divided into two parts, namely Islamic law as a product of Law / Fiqh or fiqh as a science, while the second is law as a social institution. Third, fiqih as a social institution This then gives rise to jurisdiction in applying Islamic law so that the next discussion that becomes important is the concept of constitutionality in Islam with all its articulations concerning Islamic constitutional politics.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ПРОИЗВОДСТВА МЕДИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ
Authors: Чигамбаев Темырбай , Юсупова Салтанат , Уалиев Аблай
Published: October 2021

Биовыщелачивание — это извлечение металла из сульфидных руд или концентратов с использованием материалов, которые являются естественными для окружающей среды; а именно вода, воздух и микроорганизмы. Другими словами, биовыщелачиванием — это коммерциализация способности определенных бактерий и архей, встречающихся в природе, катализировать окисление сульфидных минералов. Выщелачивание сульфидных минералов отличает биовыщелачивание от обычного кислотного выщелачивания, при котором выщелачиваются только окисленные минералы.В этой статье представлено описание процесса добычи меди с помощью микроорганизмов, достижения в их автоматизации, функциональные характеристики и конфигурация систем автоматизации для медеплавильных заводов.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ КАЗАХСТАНСКИХ МЕДНЫХ РУД – ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИЗ ПРОШЛОГО ОПЫТА
Authors: Чигамбаев Темырбай , Юсупова Салтанат , Уалиев Аблай
Published: October 2021

В статье описаны основные типы существующих месторождений меди в мире и наиболее распространенные технологии обогащения. Обсуждались обогащения руд и причины их использования. Также в статье описываются некоторые способы обработки казахстанских медных руд. Основными элементами предлагаемой технологии являются: оставление в обоснованных случаях разделение руды на фракции с повышенным содержанием песчаника и карбонатных руд, флотация в контуре помола в составе эффективной подготовки руды к более грубой флотации, классическая система очистки, обработка промышленного продукта с системой измельчения в мельницах нового типа, классификация и флотация с выпуском хвостов
КОНСТРУКЦИЯ БЕСПИЛОТНОГО ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНОГО АППАРАТА ТИПА «ПТИЦА»
Authors: Чигамбаев Темырбай , Жексенбаев Еламан
Published: October 2021

В этом исследовании мы разработали планер беспилотного летательного аппарата (БПЛА), имитирующий анатомию и механизм управления птицы. Задача - получить БПЛА в форме птицы с максимальной взлетной массой 600 гр. Вид птиц, упомянутых в дизайне, - евразийский перепелятник, accipter nisus. У этого вида птиц размах крыльев от 59 до 80 см и длина от 29 до 41 см. Ястреб-перепелятник - один из видов птиц, которые летают в основном в планирующем и парящем маневрах. Во время планирования и парения крыло расправлено, как у самолета с неподвижным крылом. Механизм управления птицей применился и к БПЛА. Наружное крыло БПЛА может изменять угол атаки, чтобы имитировать способность к морфингу крыла птицы. Хвостовая часть БПЛА состоит только из горизонтального стабилизатора, который может поворачиваться по двум осям, оси X и параллельно оси Y. Расчет аэродинамики и устойчивости полета конструкции выполнен с использованием теоретических уравнений. Мы обнаружили, что разработанный дизайн и конфигурация стабильны. В результате этого исследования мы получили проект БПЛА с неподвижным крылом, напоминающий птицу, с хорошим качеством аэродинамики и анализа и расчетов устойчивости полета
STROKE; THE KILLER
Authors: Taj Muhammad Khan  , Mumtaz Ali Marwat  , Zazur Rehman.
Published: October 2021

Stroke is a clinical syndrome characterized byrapid onset of focal neurological signs that lasts formore than 24 hours or leads to death. Presumedvascular causes may be either infarction orhemorrhage. Stroke is the third most commoncause of death world wide and a major cause ofadult neurological disability.
PREVALENCE OF OBESITY IN THE ADOLESCENT POPULATION IN MINGORA CITY, DISTRICT SWAT
Authors: Rashid Ahmad  , Taj Muhammad Khan  , Mumtaz Ali Marwat  , Alam Zeb  , Izaz ur Rahman
Published: October 2021

Background: The dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its resultant comorbidities are associated with significant health and financial burdens, warranting strong andcomprehensive prevention efforts. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence ofobesity in theadolescent population ofMingora city, district Swat.Methodology: In the present study, both boys and girls between 10-20 years of age were included. Theprevalence of obesity was detected in 200 subjects by using body mass index.Anthropometric parameters ofobese subjects were compared with non-obesegroup.Results: The prevalence of obesity in the adolescent boys was 6.7 % and that in adolescent girls was 8.35.The prevalence was higher in female subjects, compared to male subjects. Obese subjects had significantlyhigher weight, body mass index, compared to non-obese group.Conclusion: Prevalenceof obesity is higher in female subjects which is related to body massindex..KEYWORDS Weight (Wt), Height (Ht), Body mass index (BMI).
EVALUATION OF MATHIEU'S REPAIR FOR PRIMARY DISTAL HYPOSPADIAS WITHOUT CHORDAE IN 45 CASES
Authors: Manzoor Ali  , Adnan Zafar
Published: October 2021

Objective:To evaluate the results of Mathieu's repair for distal hypospadias without chordae.Study Design: Prospective analyticalMaterial and Methods: 45 patients with an age range from 2 to 26 years, with mean age 7.5 years wereincluded. Patients were divided into six groups G1-G6 according to their age. Urethroplasty withMathieu's method was carried out in all patients, using Vicryl 3/0 and 4/0 as suture material. Stents wereplaced in all patients for 10-15 days.Results: The overall success rate was 82.22 % (n=37) and major complication rate was 17.77 % (n=8).The major complications were fistula formation, severe infection, skin necrosis and total disruption.Minor complications were observed in 35.5% (n = 16).Conclusion: The reason for poor results was high mean age in our study, which is much higher thaninternational data. Results can be improved by better selection of patients, improving sterilization,operative and postoperative care.Keywords: Distal Hypospadias, Mathieu's repair, Reverse flap urethroplasty.
BICORNUATE UTERUS WITH FULLTERM PREGNANCY
Authors: Sania Tanveer Khattak  , Zakia Abid
Published: October 2021

Congenital anomalies of uterine cavity due to mullerian abnormalities are quite rare. We report a case of fullturm pregnancy in a primigravida rhesus negative woman having two almost separate uterine cavities withone cervix. The woman had recurrent episode of intrauterine bleeds and was repeatedly admitted to hospital.She was diagnosed during operation and an alive male baby was delivered. Placenta was morbidly adherentand the horn was excised on leftside.

KeyWords: Bicornuate uterus, congenital anomalies of uterus
AGE INCIDENCE OF COLORECTAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Anwar Ali  , Amreek Lai  , Samieullah
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The aim of the study was to see any change in the age incidence of colorectal carcinoma at thetime of presentation .

Study Design; Retrospective analytical study.

Material and methods; The study was conducted in the Northern areas of Pakistan. Two groups of patientsat an interval of five years were compared. Group "A" included 45 patients diagnosed before Jan1997 v/sgroup "B" including 45 patients diagnosed after Jan 2002. These were already diagnosed cases of colorectalcarcinoma. Two groups of patients were made as "A" and group "B".All the histopathological specimen of the patients were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. The sectionstaken were four micron thick and stained with hematoxylin & eosin. The cases reviewed included bothexcised and sigmoidoscopic biopsies. The cases included colorectal carcinoma patients diagnosed incontinuation and no skip selection was made. The relevant data including in particular the ages of thepatients was noted from the biopsy request forms. No particular sex or histologic type of carcinomas wereselected for the purpose of study.

Results: An increase in incidence in younger ages was noted in group "B" (those patients who werediagnosed five years later than group "A" patients).

Conclusion : Age incidence for colorectal carcinoma shows a slight shift for the younger patients. Furtherstudies are suggested to assess for any additional carcinogens in the Northern areas of Pakistan.

Key words: Colorectal carcinoma. Increase in younger age incidence.
IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING BIOETIHICS IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: LIAQAT ALI
Published: October 2021

Medical ethics is merely one branch of general ethics,and it is precisely defined by professor Dunston as“ Obligations of moral nature which govern the practiceof medicine” 1 the morals are based either on religion,philosophy or socio culture traditions. The three basicmoral obligations in a doctor- patient relationship arebeneficence, patient autonomy and justice the practiceof medicine, in a board philosophical sense, is a searchfor the truth and all the ethical and moral principles areinbuilt and inseparable with in this search. Morepragmatically, Medicine is both and art and science.The aspect of science in medical is very easilyunderstood like making a measurable observation thatleads to hypothesis. The truth of hypothesis issubsequently validated by relevant observations andtests for significance. On the other hand the art in themedicine is an immeasurable quantum, whichaccording to Bertrand Russel is the art of rationalconjecture. It is very fascinating that the medicalprofessionals have been some of the best philosophersthough the history of mankind and they have explainedthe abstract theories of classical philosophy intopractical actions at bedside. The practice of medicinerequired education, knowledge and wisdom bom ofexperience. It has to be taught to the medical studentsand its ethical responsibility of a society to make surethat it’s actually done.
COMPARISON OF TOTAL LEUCOCYTE AND EOSINOPHIL COUNT IN MALE SMOKERS AND HEROIN ADDICTS IN PESHAWAR
Authors: Mohammad Tariq  , Riffat Sultana  , Riaz Gul  , Rashid Mehmood
Published: October 2021

Background: The harmful components of tobacco smoke nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide affectsdifferent haematological parameters. Heroin affects almost every system of the body including blood and itscomponents. The present study was conducted in Physiology department; Khyber Medical CollegePeshawar from Jan 2006 to Dec 2007. The objective of the present study was to compare the affects ofcigarette smoking and heroin abuse on haematological parameters especially total leukocyte count andeosinophil count.Subject and Methods: The study was conducted on hundred age and sex matched subjects. The subjectswere divided into three groups i.e. forty cigarette smokers and forty heroin addicts and with twenty normal(Control). Laboratory tests were performed at Pakistan Medical Research Council (P.M.R.C) KhyberMedical College, Peshawar. Data was statistically analysed by computer using SPSS 10 software.Results: Total leukocyte and eosinophil counts were raised in both cigarette smokers and heroin abusers ascompared to normal individuals. Total Leukocyte count (TLC) was found significantly higher (P<0.001) incigarette smokers as compared to heroin addicts whereas there was no statistically significant difference ineosinophil count of cigarette smokers and heroin addicts. Neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages werelower and monocyte percentage higher in both cigarette smokers and heroin addicts as compared to controlgroup.Conclusion: Haematological parameters vary with cigarette smoking and heroin abuse. Therefore history of smokingand heroin abuse should be considered while interpreting the investigation in such patients.Key words: Leukocyte count, Eosinophil, Heroin addiction, Smoking.
SIGNIFICANCE OF WIDAL TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER
Authors: Purdil Khan  , Aziz Ahmad  , Alamzeb  , Taj Muhammad Khan
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the role of Widal test with appropriate titters in diagnosisof Enteric fever in an endemic area of District Swat.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Saidu Teaching Hospital, Saidu Sharif betweenOctober 2010 and April 2012. Patients more than 15 years old and more than seven days of fever wereincluded in this study.Widal test was also done on 200 normal individuals, 197 non-typhoidal fevers and 175bacteriologically proven cases of typhoid.Results: Of 200 normal individuals, 2% had an H agglutinin titre of 1/160 and 5% had an O agglutinin titreof 1/160. H and/or 0 agglutinin titre of 1/320 or more was observed in 93-97% of typhoid cases and in only3% of patients with non-typhoidal fever. Of the sera from typhoid cases which gave a significant Widalreaction, the majority (79.9%) showed increases in both H and 0 agglutinins and 51 of 234 (21.8%) of thesesera were collected in the first week of illness.Conclusion : Based on these data it is evident that an H and/or 0 agglutinin titre of: 1/320 or more should beconsidered significant and indicative of typhoid fever.Key words; Widal test, Gram negative bacterium, agglutinin titres
FREQUENCY OF EMERGENCY OBSTETRICAL HYSTERECTOMY, ITS INDICATIONS AND MATERNAL OUTCOME IN SAIDU TEACHING HOSPITAL, SWAT.
Authors: Sania Tanweer Khattak  , Tabassum Naheed Kausar  , Imran ud Din Khattak  , Muhammad Khan  , Mukamal Shah
Published: October 2021

Background: Emergency obstetrical hysterectomy (EOH) is one of the most common major surgicalprocedures performed in gynecology and obstetrics. It is a life saving procedure in case of severehemorrhage.

Aims and objectives. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, indications and maternaloutcome of emergency obstetrical hysterectomy.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place and duration of study: Study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SaiduTeaching Hospital, Swat from January 2007 to December 2011.

Patients and Methods: During the study period a total of 29570 patients were delivered. Out of those 254patients underwent emergency hysterectomy. Records of all the patients were analyzed. The parametersanalyzed were age, parity, socioeconomic status, booking status, indication for operation, operative notes,maternal outcome complications and post-operative status.

Results: Total numbers of deliveries during the study period were 29570 and 254 emergency obstetricalhysterectomies were performed. Frequency being 0.86%, only 12% of pregnant women were booked.Commonest indications of EOH were ruptured uterus in 90 women (35.43%), uterine atony in 82 women(32.28%), placental abruption in 31 women (12.22%), couveliar uterus in 13 women (5.12%) and placentaprevia in 9 women (3.54%).Commonest maternal complications were urinary tract infection in 16(6.30%)patients followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in 11 (4.33%) patients and 28(11.02%)patients died. Regarding parity 140(55.12%) were multiparous, 103(40.55%) patients were grandmultiparous and 11(4.33%) patients were primiparous.

Conclusion: EOH, although a frequent life saving operation, was associated with significant maternalmortality, mostly due to the effects of massive hemorrhage. The most frequent indication for EOH wasruptured uterus followed by uterine atony and placenta previa.

Key words: EOH, Rupture uterus, maternal outcome, postpartum hemorrhage.
ANGIOGRAPHIC EXTENT AND SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN DIABETIC VERSUS NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Sher Bahadar Khan  , Sultan Zaib  , Hafiz ur Rehman  , Khurshed Ahmad  , Rafiullah  , IkramUllah  , Abdul Hadi  , Muhammad Hafizullah
Published: October 2021

Objective: To compare the angiographic extent and severity of coronary artery disease in diabetic and non- ,rdiabetic patients.

Methods: It was a hospital based, retrospective, descriptive study conducted in Cardiology Department,PGMI, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 2nd May, 2010 till 5th January, 2011.Computerized record of ~ jcoronary angiographies in the Catheterization laboratory was studied of all adult patients of age 38 years orabove. Coronary arteries were studied for severity of stenosis defined by using Quantitative CoronaryAngiography(QCA),for both groups. Using SPSS version 15, data was analyzed. A p value=0.05 wasconsidered significant. I

Results: A total number of 200 patients were enrolled in the study with age ranged between 38-84 years. 152were males (76%) and 48 females (24%)so male : female ratio was 3:1.In this study there was difference between diabetic and non diabetic cases according to site and severity ofcoronary artery involvement, revealing significant statistical difference (p value <0.05) between diabeticand non diabetic among LAD, left circumflex (LCX) and RCAinvolvement.

Conclusion: Diabetic patients have severe coronary artery disease as compared to non diabetics.

Key Words: Diabetes, Non-diabetes, Coronary Angiography, Extent of Disease, Severity of stenosis.
Pambihirang Bakla: Ang Homoseksuwalisasyon sa Tambalang Bakla sa Bakla ng “Ang Boyfriend Kong Bading” ni Allan K.
Authors: Espiritu Johann Vladimir
Published: October 2021

This study is part of a project that seeks to gather Filipino, Tagalog, and English OPM songs in the last 30 years that feature the bakla as a character, as a persona, or as a performance––all in an effort to trace the development of the gay, bakla, and homosexual identities in Philippine culture. Through the close-reading of lyrics and music(ality)/arrangement coupled with a combination of cultural and gender, gay, and queer studies, the project aims to determine the features of what constitutes these non-heterosexual male identities in the country through the textual and performative interventions of music. This particular segment of the study dedicated to Allan K.’s “Ang Boyfriend Kong Bading” is a close-reading of the mentioned song through several layers of mimicry and performativity that the text is able to embody by employing the techniques of adaptation and the emulation of gender-driven voicing. Through such complexities of song and the existence of an identity that the song’s utterance achieves in its milieu, the study aims to show how wit, irony, and the assumption of bakla stereotypes are able to give way for gender to cross the borders of sexuality.