bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Varicella (Human Herpes Virus-3) Vaccine Potential Role Against Herpes (HSV-1/HSV-2) Viruses to Prevent HIV-1 Pandemic in Sub- Saharan Africa
Authors: Le Goaster Jacqueline , Bourée Patrice , El Sissy Franck N. , Epee Johanna Pokossy , Tangy Frédéric , Haenni Anne-Lise , Goldstein Allan
Published: September 2018

Background:

Synergy exists between DNA and RNA viruses. It was found that the Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV-1) are RNA viruses at the origin of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The DNA recurrent herpes diseases are associated to AIDS virus at the origin of Sub-Saharan cancer AIDS pandemic.

Objective:

It is speculated that a varicella virus (HHV-3) immune defect could originate HSV- 1/HSV-2 recurrent herpes diseases that can be cured by varicella vaccine (2012).

Methods:

At a Symposium held in Kampala, Uganda (1962), impressive Sub-Saharan cancer epidemics: Hodgkin lymphomas and Kaposi sarcomas have been reported since the onset of the 20th century and remained unexplained. Over one thousand publications related to these cancer epidemics were presented. For millenniums, Bantu populations have been living in tropical forests close to chimpanzees infected by Simian Immune Deficiency viruses (SIV). SIV became Human Immune Deficiency viruses (HIV-1). AIDS is a zoonosis.

Results:

The DNA and RNA viruses, herpes with HIV-1 viruses, are correlated to Sub- Saharan AIDS infections. They induce an extensive immune deficiency with other herpes viruses such as HHV-4 and HHV-8, which are linked to lymphomas and Kaposi sarcomas. It is postulated that a primary HHV-3 immune weakness could be linked to herpes partnership with AIDS pandemic.

Conclusion:

The Oka, anti-HHV-3, varicella vaccine is able to cure HSV1/HSV2 recurrent herpes diseases. It induces a specific increase of the varicella antibodies. Thus varicella vaccination could prevent herpes recurrences in Sub-Saharan Africa. One- child dose varicella vaccine could be proposed as the first step to overcome HHV-3 herpes deficiency in order to prevent AIDS pandemic.
Determination of Gamma Camera’s Calibration Factors for Quantitation of Diagnostic Radionuclides in Simultaneous Scattering and Attenuation Correction
Authors: Asgari Afrouz , Ashoor Mansour , Sarkhosh Leila , Khorshidi Abdollah , Shokrani Parvaneh
Published: September 2018

Objective:

The characterization of cancerous tissue and bone metastasis can be distinguished
by accurate assessment of accumulated uptake and activity from different radioisotopes. The various
parameters and phenomena such as calibration factor, Compton scattering, attenuation and penetration
intrinsicallyinfluence calibration equation, and the qualification of images as well.

Methods:

The camera calibration factor (CF) translates reconstructed count map into absolute activity
map, which is determined by both planar and tomographic scans using different phantom geometries. In
this study, the CF for radionuclides of Tc-99m and Sm-153 in soft tissue and bone was simulated by the
Monte Carlo method, and experimental results were obtained in equivalent tissue and bone phantoms. It
may be employed for the simultaneous correction of the scattering and attenuation rays interacted with
the camera, leading to corrected counts. Also, the target depth (d) may be estimated by a combination of
scattering and photoelectric functions, which we have published before.

Results:

The calibrated equations for soft tissue phantom for the radionuclides were obtained by RTc = -
10d+ 300 and RSm = -8d + 100, and the relative errors between the simulated and experimental results
were 4.5% and 3.1%, respectively. The equations for bone phantom were RTc = -30d + 300 and RSm = -
10d + 100, and the relative errors were 5.4% and 5.6%. The R and d are in terms of cpm/mCi and cm.
Besides, the collimators' impact was evaluated on the camera response, and the relevant equations were
obtained by the Monte Carlo method. The calibrated equations as a function of various radiation angles
on the center of camera's cells without using collimator indicated that both sources have the same quadratic
coefficient by -2E-08 and same vertical width from the origin by 8E-05.

Conclusion:

The presented procedure may help determine the absorbed dose in the target and likewise
optimize
treatment planning.
Sportszolgáltatások kínálatának elemzése szervezeti szempontok alapján
Authors: Bácsné Bába Éva , Fenyves Veronika , Dajnoki Krisztina , Szabados György Norbert
Published: September 2018

A fogyasztói társadalmak térnyerése a sport területén is előidézte az elüzletiesedést, a profitorientált működési keretek megjelenését. A hivatásos, látványcsapat sportokban versenyző csapatokat működtető sportvállalkozásokat számos nemzetközi és hazai kutató vizsgálta jogi, gazdasági, szervezeti szempontból. Jelen cikkünkben arra teszünk kísérletet, hogy a témában született magyar kutatási megközelítéseket áttekintő jelleggel összegezzük. Vizsgálatunk indíttatását az adja, hogy a közeljövőben kezdjük meg a magyar profitorientált sportszolgáltatók szervezeti szempontú vizsgálatát. Terveink szerint a sportvállalkozások működésének vagyoni, pénzügyi, jövedelmi, szervezési, vezetési, munkaerő gazdálkodási helyzetét elemezzük majd. A kutatás megalapozásához elengedhetetlen a hazai közgazdasági, szervezéstudományi szekunder kutatások review-jellegű összefoglalás, ami lehetővé teszi a megfelelő kutatási módszertan kialakítását, majd az eredményeink előzményekkel történő összevetését.
PRICE EARNINGS RATIO (PER) MODEL CONSISTENCY: EVIDENCE FROM JAKARTA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Asri, M.B.A., Ph.D. Prof. Marwan , Heveadi Antonius N.
Published: September 2018

Recently, stock valuation model using the earning multiplier approach (PER) is more popular among investors and analysts. This popularity has caused this model to seem to be the most perfect model among other valuation models. In response to the fact above, this research tries togive empirical evidence whether PER’s cross-sectional model can be used in determining the fairness of stock price traded in Jakarta Stock Exchange.Evaluation of the capability of PER’s cross-sectional model in determining the common stock price was conducted by developing three regression models from different time periods, namely the years of 1995, 1996, and 1997. The regression models used in this research was the one developed by Whitbeck-Kisor (1973). The model employed growth, dividend payout ratio (DPR), and standard deviation of growth (s-growth) as independent variable.This research was intended to test the consistency of the model in assessing stock prices. The result of this research showed that each model developed at different time periods, though with the same sample and method, gave different results. The differences were in the significance level and in the weight of influence of independent variables to the corresponding dependent variables. As a stock valuation model, a regression model should perform consistently from period to period, so normalPER of a stock could be predicted based on the model that was developed by historical data.
The Impact of Message Framing and Source Credibility on Breastfeeding Intention: A Social Marketing Approach
Authors: Hussein Ananda Sabil , Manna Valerie , Cohen David
Published: September 2018

Though highly recommended by health organizations worldwide, breastfeeding an infant from birth for a period of several months is not universal. There is thus a need to investigate appropriate and effective means to promote this breastfeeding behavior. This study, rooted in a social marketing perspective, tests the impact of message framing and source credibility on the behavioral intention to breastfeed. A 2 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted in Indonesia, an especially relevant setting given that the percentage of Indonesian women who breastfeed is low compared to other countries. Two hundred and seventy nine pregnant women participated in this study. The findings of this study indicate that the interaction between message framing and source credibility has a significant effect on a person’s attitude and intention to provide exclusive breastfeeding. In addition, this study finds that attitude is an essential determinant of intention.
AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE DIVIDEND INFORMATION CONTENTS IN THE BALANCE SHEET: A Signaling Approach*
Authors: Sartono R. Agus , Sri Asih Anna Maria
Published: September 2018

This study examines whether the changes in the financial statements and dividends can together provide a better information transmittal system to deliver missing private information on the firm using Indonesian firms as the sample. In doing so, this study consider three components in evaluating the dividend signaling theory: the expected content favorableness, the sign of dividend change, and the role of dividend signal. Thefinding shows that in Indonesia, the market reactions to the dividend announcements depend on the role of dividend signals, whether it is confirmatory, clarificatory, or unclear. The other finding shows that this market is more concern to the content expected favorableness rather than to the dividend sign.
PROMOTING INTRA-FIRM TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE THROUGH COMPETITION AND SHARING A Field Study
Authors: Jermias Johnny
Published: September 2018

This paper examines three main concerns about intra-firm transfer on knowledge in the management accounting and strategic management literature: the ability of real-world organizations to learn productively, the levels of aggregation in which the productive learning occurs, and the types of management interventions that are both desirable and productive. Based on a field study conducted in several business units of a multinational corporation, this paper reports how management makes conscious andsystematic efforts to transform ideas from the best practice within the company as well as from its competitors.The company uses Management By Olympic Systems to accelerate learning through competition and sharing. The system utilizes Olympic principles and integrates individual and team concepts to achieve the Olympic targets. A broad range of Olympic targets in terms of financial and non-financial linked to the company’s incentive systems is used to improve business operations, to motivate managers and employees, and to meet stakeholders’ expectations.
WHAT A FIRM TAKES TO COMPETE IN CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC ADVERSITY
Authors: Sseyonga Muyanja
Published: September 2018

This article attempts to identify the key factors that underpin thesuccess of firms in conditions of economic distress. Such factors encompass astute management with the skill and experience in a variety of competitive moves and maneuvers; adoption of low-cost -low price strategies; more use of scenario planning rather than mere replication of past company actions; sufficient liquidity to exploit opportunities availed by economic downturn;and exploiting the advantages of knowledge management. Better incorporation of information technology, proper use of currency risk management methods, smart globalization that incorporates both government and non-government elements, favors the formation of joint ventures with local businessmen, and investment of ample time in the understanding the customs, values, and traditions of local societies elevate company’s com-petitive advantages over rivals which enhances the company’s capacity to deal with economic distress. It is incontrovertible, however, that the success of firms must be backed by strong and appropriate macroeconomic management by governments with respect to fiscal, monetary and trade policies.
Identification and Risk Management In The Expenditure Process: Risks Leading to Deadline Slippage and Costs, and Building Projects
Authors: Challal Abdelhak , Tkiouat Mohamed
Published: September 2018

The objective of this research is the design of a mapping of risks which are mainly related to the processes of expenditure. The research also serves to identify the actions and the necessary measures to control risks and the delays of completing a construction project. The literature from the last two decades related to this field was examined. A quantitative analysis of risks in the expense process of building projects sample representing various regions of Morocco allows identifying the risks and ranking them by determining their occurrences and impacts. Eight major risks, 43 measures, 52 actions and 10 performance indicators are linked to these risks have been identified.
Knowledge Sharing, Absorptive Capacity and Innovation Capabilities: An Empirical Study on Small and Medium Enterprises in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Wuryaningrat Nikolas Fajar
Published: September 2018

The capability of a firm to instill innovation depends on its knowledge resources. This capability can be utilized by facilitating knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity in the context of small and medium enterprises. The purpose of this research is to examine how knowledge sharing can be transformed into innovation capabilities. Research suggests that knowledge sharing will first influence absorptive capacity before knowledge can be transformed to innovation capabilities. This research was conducted in North Sulawesi which has excellent economic growth by involving small and medium enterprises. The results show that knowledge donating and knowledge collecting positively influence SME’s innovation capabilities if absorptive capacity is also developed. In other words, the result of the research gives us empirical evidence that new knowledge created from knowledge sharing can be transformed into innovation capabilities if it is supported by higher absorptive capacity.
Does Environmental Uncertainty Affect Entrepreneurs’ Orientation and Performance? Empirical Evidence from Indonesian SMEs
Authors: Herani Rina , Andersen Otto
Published: September 2018

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have a critical role in economic growth in Indonesia and become the backbone for job creation, poverty alleviation, and safeguard during the crisis. However, they are highly exposed to uncertain environments. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of SMEs’ entrepreneurial orientation on business performance when uncertain environments exist. A total of 152 Indonesian SMEs were studied in order to assess this relationship. Moderated regression analysis is performed as the main statistical procedures to analyse the moderating role of environmental uncertainty on the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance. Surprisingly, the result of the present study did not confirm the previous predominant studies which found that entrepreneurialorientation dimensions are positively associated with business performance in growing in an uncertain environment. Indonesian entrepreneurs were reluctant to innovate, be proactive, and take risks when an uncertain environment exists. The present study was an endeavour to provide better insight in explaining the inconsistent and ambiguous findings from existing literature.
The Link of Abnormal Accrual Mispricing and Value- Glamour Stock Anomaly: Evidence from the Indonesian Capital Market
Authors: Ekawati Erni
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether abnormal accrual mispricing acknowledged in accounting literature is a manifestation of documented value-glamour anomaly in finance literature. This study proposes the traditional value-glamour proxies (sales growth, book-to-market, earningprice, cash flows-price, and size) and CFO/P ratio (ratio of operating cash flows and stock price) to explain the mispricing of abnormal accruals. Using a sample of 540 firm-year observations of companies listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSE) from the period of 1993 to 2003, the study finds that individually, only either the E/P or CFO/P ratio can pick up the mispricing attributed to abnormal accruals. These results can be interpreted as follows: (1) as captured by E/P ratio, abnormal accrual mispricing is due to the market’s inability to understand managers’ attempts to manage reported earnings; (2) as captured by the CFO/P, the market is unable to assess the persistence of cash flows. From a practical standpoint, this study has simplified the research agenda related to asset pricing. The result suggests that a researcher can control for the abnormal accrual mispricing and the value-glamour anomaly parsimoniously via just one variable, E/P ratio.Keywords: business performance; entrepreneurial orientation; environmental uncertainty
Social Entrepreneurial Intention among Business Undergraduates: An Emerging Economy Perspective
Authors: Noorseha Ayob
Published: September 2018

Social entrepreneurs are viewed as having the abilities to combat social and economic problems in which government, businesses, and non-profits may not be able to solve the problems alone. Consequently, with the collaboration among these sectors, more social enterprises can be established to create social values and development in a nation, specifically among the emerging economies. Therefore, it is timely to investigate what motivates undergraduates to develop social entrepreneurial intention. Drawing from the entrepreneurial models of Shapero and Sokol (1982) and Kruger and Brazeal (1994), this study aims to examine the social entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates from the perspective of an emerging economy. The proposed conceptual model differs from the existing entrepreneurial intention studies by adding the concepts of empathy and social entrepreneurship exposure as the antecedents to perceived desirability and perceived feasibility of social enterprising start-up, which in turn link to social entrepreneurial intention. Using the quota sampling technique, data were collected from 257 business and economics undergraduates from both public and private higher education institutions in Malaysia. The survey instrument was adapted from prior related studies, for instance, Davis (1983) for empathy; Shapero and Sokol (1982) for social entrepreneurship exposure; Krueger (1993) for perceived desirability and perceived feasibility; and Chen et al. (1998) for social entrepreneurial intention. Partial least squares path modelling was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships in the proposed conceptual framework. It is hoped that the findings of this study will shed light on the existing literature of social entrepreneurship, specifically the social entrepreneurial intention studies from the emerging economies perspective.
What Factors Constitute Structures of Clustering Creative Industries? Incorporating New Institutional Economics and New Economic Sociology into A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Ismalina Poppy
Published: September 2018

Creative industries tend to cluster in specific places and the reasons for this phenomenon can be a multiplicity of elements linked mainly to culture, creativity, innovation and local development. In the international literature, it is pretty well recognized that creativity is frequently characterized by the agglomeration of firms so that creative industries are not homogeneously distributed across the territory but they are concentrated in the space. Three theories are becoming the dominant theoretical perspectives in agglomeration economies theory and they are increasingly being applied in industrial clusters analysis to study the effect of clustering industries. The theories are Marshall’s theoretical principles of localization economies, Schmitz’s collective efficiency and Porter’s five-diamond approach. However, those have adequately theorized neither the institutionalization process through which change takes place nor the socio-economic context of the institutional formations of clustering creative industries. This text begins by reviewing three main theories to more fully articulate institutionalization processes of an economic institution. Specifically, this paper incorporates new institutional economics (NIE) and new economic sociology (NES) to explain the processes associated with creating institutional practices within clustering creative industries. Both streams of institutional theory constitute that economic organizations are socially constructed. Next, this text proposes the framework that depicts the socio-economic context better and more directly addresses the dynamics of enacting, embedding and changing organizational features and processes within clustering creative industries. Some pertinent definitions are offered to be used in a conceptual framework of research about how economic institutions like clustering creative industries constitute their structures.
Abusive Supervision Scale Development in Indonesia
Authors: Wulani Fenika , Purwanto Bernadinus M , Handoko Hani
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale of abusive supervision in Indonesia. The study was conducted with a different context and scale development method from Tepper’s (2000) abusive supervision scale. The abusive supervision scale from Tepper (2000) was developed in the U.S., which has a cultural orientation of low power distance. The current study was conducted in Indonesia, which has a high power distance. This study used interview procedures to obtain information about supervisor’s abusive behavior, and it was also assessed by experts. The results of this study indicated that abusive supervision was a 3-dimensional construct. There were anger-active abuse (6 items), humiliation-active abuse (4 items), and passive abuse (15 items). These scales have internal reliabilities of 0.947, 0.922, and 0.845, in sequence.
Social Entrepreneurial Intention among Business Undergraduates: An Emerging Economy Perspective
Authors: Ayob Noorseha , Yap Ching Seng , Sapuan Dewi Amat , Rashid Md Zabid Abdul
Published: September 2018

Social entrepreneurs are viewed as having the abilities to combat social and economic problems in which government, businesses, and non-profits may not be able to solve the problems alone. Consequently, with the collaboration among these sectors, more social enterprises can be established to create social values and development in a nation, specifically among the emerging economies. Therefore, it is timely to investigate what motivates undergraduates to develop social entrepreneurial intention. Drawing from the entrepreneurial models of Shapero and Sokol (1982) and Kruger and Brazeal (1994), this study aims to examine the social entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates from the perspective of an emerging economy. The proposed conceptual model differs from the existing entrepreneurial intention studies by adding the concepts of empathy and social entrepreneurship exposure as the antecedents to perceived desirability and perceived feasibility of social enterprising start-up, which in turn link to social entrepreneurial intention. Using the quota sampling technique, data were collected from 257 business and economics undergraduates from both public and private higher education institutions in Malaysia. The survey instrument was adapted from prior related studies, for instance, Davis (1983) for empathy; Shapero and Sokol (1982) for social entrepreneurship exposure; Krueger (1993) for perceived desirability and perceived feasibility; and Chen et al. (1998) for social entrepreneurial intention. Partial least squares path modelling was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships in the proposed conceptual framework. It is hoped that the findings of this study will shed light on the existing literature of social entrepreneurship, specifically the social entrepreneurial intention studies from the emerging economies perspective.
FDI and Economic Growth — Does the Quality of Banking Development Matter?
Authors: Haji Mohd Nor Hakimah , Low Soo-Wah , Md Nor Abu Hassan Shaari , Ghazali Noor A.
Published: September 2018

This study examines the role of banking development quality in the FDI-growth nexus from 1998 to 2009. Banking development quality is measured using two standardized intermediation  cost indicators and an index of banking development quality that is constructed based on the following indicators: overhead costs to total assets and net interest margin. The results for developed countries show that, on its own, FDI is negatively related to economic growth. However, when FDI is interacted with a banking development quality index, the quality of banking development is found to play a positive role in influencing the effects of FDI on economic growth. This suggests that the quality of banking development serves as an absorptive capacity that allows developed countries to benefit from the positive growth effects of FDI. On the contrary, for emerging countries, the findings indicate that banking development quality plays no role in influencing the impact of FDI on economic growth. This implies that the quality of banking development in emerging countries has yet to reach a level that allows it to importantly influence the growth effects of FDI.
Does Auditor Tenure Reduce Audit Quality?
Authors: Junaidi - , Miharjo Setiyono , Hartadi Bambang
Published: September 2018

Reduced auditor independence and the rise of corporate accounting manipulations have caused trust of the users in audited financial statements to begin to decline, so users of financial statements are questioning whether public accountants are independent parties. This research issue is related to the Decree of the Minister of Finance No. 17 in 2008 about public accountant services. Giving attestation services, in the form of financial statements about an entity, are conducted by the audit firm for no longer than 6 consecutive fiscal years and by a public accountant for 3 consecutive fiscal years at the longest. The purpose of this research is to examine empirically the influence of auditor tenure on audit quality. Auditor tenure is measured as the length of the auditor-client relationship. Audit quality is measured by the propensity of auditors to issue a going-concern opinion. This study uses a sample of firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2003-2008 period. Research analysis uses logit model to measure the effect of auditor tenure on the auditors’ propensity to publish a going-concern opinion. The hypothesis which states that the length of auditor tenure influences negatively the propensity of auditors to issue a going-concern opinion is statistically supported. This research is expected to provide empirical evidence about the importance of limiting of the auditor-client relationship.
Ethical Ideology and Ethical Judgments of Accounting Practitioners in Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Suhaiza , Mohd Ghazali Nazli A.
Published: September 2018

The paper intends to explore the ethical ideology and ethical judgments of accounting practitioners in Malaysia. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, the paper intends to examine the factors that contribute to the different ethical ideology among Malaysian accounting practitioners. Second, it aims to investigate the influence of demographic factors and ethical ideology on ethical judgments of accounting practitioners. The study used Forsyth’s (1980) Ethics Position Questionnaire instrument to examine the ethical ideology of the accountants and adopted ethics vignettes used by Emerson et al. (2007) to assess the ethical judgments of the respondents. From the statistical analysis, this study found that age and gender have a significant impact on ethical judgment but not on ethical ideology. In addition, idealism and relativism have a significant influence on ethical judgment, especially in a legally unethical situation.
Sustainability of TQM Implementation Model In The Indonesia’s Oil and Gas Industry: An Assessment of Structural Relations Model Fit
Authors: Ciptono Wakhid Slamet , Ibrahim Abdul Razak , Sulaiman Ainin , Syed A. Kadir Sharifah Latifah
Published: September 2018

This study purposively is to conduct an empirical analysis of the structural relations among  critical factors of quality management practices (QMPs), world-class company practice (WCC), operational excellence practice (OE), and company performance (company non-financial performance or CNFP and company financial performance or CFP) in the oil and gas companies operating in Indonesia. The current study additionally examines the relationships between QMPs and CFP through WCC, OE, and CNFP (as partial mediators) simultaneously. The study uses data from a survey of 140 strategic business units (SBUs) within 49 oil and gas contractor companies in Indonesia.  The findings suggest that all six QMPs have positive and significant indirect relationships on CFP through WCC and CNFP. Only four of six QMPs have positive and significant indirect relationships on CFP through OE and CNFP. Hence, WCC, OE, and CNFP play as partial mediators between  QMPs and CFP. CNFP has a significant influence on CFP. A major implication of this study is that oil and gas managers need to recognize the structural relations model fit by developing all of the research constructs simultaneously associated with a comprehensive TQM practice. Furthermore, the findings will assist oil and gas companies by improving CNFP, which is very critical to TQM, thereby contributing to a better achievement of CFP. The current study uses the Deming’s principles, Hayes and Wheelwright dimensions of world-class company practice, Chevron Texaco’s operational excellence practice, and the dimensions of company financial and non-financial performances.  The paper also provides an insight into the sustainability of TQM implementation model and their effect on company financial performance in oil and gas companies in Indonesia.
Analysis of the Effect of Olfactory, Approach Behavior, and Experiential Marketing toward Purchase Intention
Authors: Anggie Cherish , Haryanto Jony Oktavian
Published: September 2018

The drive of retail business competition is getting tighter and causing retailers to seek to entice consumers to be regular and faithful at their stores. Retailers need to understand consumer behavior in order to obtain what is desired by consumers. Therefore, consumer behavior needs to be studied considering various factors which can influence consumer decisions to buy a product. The emergence of BreadTalk in Indonesia in the bakery industry with a different concept bakery store has caused rapid development in this industry. One strategy used by BreadTalk to encourage consumers to visit, feel the different experience, and ultimately to increase consumer purchase intention is to use dimensional olfactory as one of the elements in the store ambience. With this phenomenon, this study aims to find the significant influence of the olfactory, approach behavior, experiential marketing toward purchase intention. Collecting data in this study was done by spreading questionnaires to students of the University of Pelita Harapan, who had visited and shopped at BreadTalk Supermal Karawaci. The questionnaires were distributed to 150 respondents. The variables that exist in the study are measured using the Likert scale. The sample collection technique used was a non-probability sampling technique of sampling with a purposive sampling method. The data are then processed by using reliability analysis, validity, and methods of structural equation modelling analysis. From the results of this study the significant influence from olfactory to 3 variables mentioned above can be seen.
Survey on the Use of Derivatives in Indonesia
Authors: Lantara I Wayan Nuka
Published: September 2018

This paper provides survey evidence on the use of derivatives among firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The finding shows that the participation rate in the use of derivatives is 28.8 percent, much lower than those found in developed countries. For the derivatives non-users, insignificant risk exposure is reported as the most important rationale for not using derivatives. Consumer goods industry constitutes the largest proportion of firms using derivatives. The majority of respondents utilize derivatives to hedge against financial risks rather than to speculate. Foreign currency risk and interest rate risk are the most important types of risks faced with by respondents. Using the Chi-square and the Fisher’s exact tests, the result corroborates the size effect hypothesis, where the use of derivatives is more popular among large firms than small firms. A SURVEY ON THE USE OF DERIVATIVES IN INDONESIAKeywords: derivatives; hedging; risk management
The Moderating Effect of Procedural Justice on the Effectiveness of the Balanced Scorecard in Improving Managerial Performance through Organizational Commitment
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: September 2018

This study extends prior studies on the effectiveness of theBalanced Scorecard (BSC) to improve managerial performancedone by Lau and Mosser (2008) and Lau and Sholihin (2005).Specifically, the study empirically tests the moderating effects ofprocedural justice on the relationship between the financial andnonfinancial dimensions of BSC and managerial performance. Italso tests the impact of organizational commitment on performance.Based on survey data from 76 respondents, the results indicate thatperceived procedural justice in the use financial and nonfinancialdimensions of the BSC is associated with managers’ organizationalcommitment. It further finds that organizational commitment ispositively related to performance. The study extends the literatureby providing empirical evidence about the moderating effect ofprocedural justice on the relationship between the financial andnonfinancial dimensions of BSC and organizational commitment.Keywords: balanced scorecard; organizational commitment; financial measures;managerial performance; moderating effect; nonfinancial measures;procedural justice
The Response of Performance to Merger Strategy in Indonesian Banking Industry: Analyses on Bank Mandiri, Bank Danamon, and Bank Permata
Authors: Lestari Murti , Arsyad Lincolin
Published: September 2018

This study analyzes the responses of performances of BankMandiri, Bank Danamon, and Bank Permata to merger strategy.This paper harnesses the quantitative approach with structuralbreak analysis method and impulse response function. Theplausible findings indicate that the merger of Bank Permataproduces a better performance response in comparison to theconsolidation of Bank Mandiri and the merger of Bank Danamon.The merger of Bank Permata does not result in performanceshocks, and the structural break does not prevail either. On theother hand, the consolidation of Bank Mandiri and the mergerof Bank Danamon result in structural breaks, particularly in thespread performance. In order to return to the stable position, themergers of Bank Mandiri and Bank Danamon require a longertime than does the merger of Bank Permata. This researchindicates that for large banks, the mergers and acquisitions(retaining one existing bank) will deliver a better performanceresponse than will the consolidations (no existing bank).Keywords: impulse response function; merger; structural break
An Analytical Assessment of Assurance Practices in Social Environmental and Sustainable Reporting in the United Kingdom and North America
Authors: Manurung Annisa Melissa , Basuki Hardo
Published: September 2018

The objective of this study is to continue and extend previous studies in evaluating the extent to which current assurance practices promote transparency and accountability to stakeholders. This is carried out by conducting an empirical analysis of the content of assurance statements accompanying a sample of non-financial reports short-listed for the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) U.K. Sustainability Reporting Award and the CERES-ACCA Sustainability Reporting Award from 2006 to 2008. The findings of this study show that several new trends in social, environmental and sustainability assurance can be observed. Firstly, accountants tend to limit their intended readership to management only and state a disclaimer for other potential readers. This diminishes the transparency and stakeholder accountability of the reporting. Secondly, there is even stronger evidence that management has the control over the scope of the assurance engagement and over what information gets publicly disclosed. The evidence is shown in the fact that in many assurance statements prepared by accountants, only selected parts of the reports are being assured, with no indication that it is not management who selects these parts. Finally, the recent practices of assurance engagements represented by the sample in this study have not improved the transparency and stakeholder accountability of social, environmental and sustainable reporting. Similar to the two previous studies, we assert that a generally accepted standard is needed to promote assurance statements that add meaningful values to the reliability of social, environmental and sustainability reporting.
The Importance and Usefulness of Corporate Annual Reports in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd. Ghazali Nazli Anum
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceived importance and usefulness of corporate annual reports in Malaysia and to determine if there is a difference between the perceptions of preparers and users of corporate annual reports. Data for this study were collected using a questionnaire survey conducted in late 2006 and early 2007. Preparers are represented by chief financial officers while users by investment analysts. The mean scores for preparers and users are compared using the independent samples t test and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test to determine if there are any statistically significant differences in their opinions. The findings reveal that preparers rank the annual report as the most important source of corporate information. Users, on the other hand, rank the annual report as the second most important after the visits to companies. However, the difference in the mean scores of preparers and those of users on the importance of annual reports is not significant at 5 percent level. The difference in the mean scores for the visits to companies is, on the other hand, statistically significant at 5 percent level. An implication for this finding is whether the annual report serves the information needs of analysts for decision-making purposes. An opportunity thus arises for future research to examine information needs of analysts and if there is a gap between information provided in annual reports and that required by analysts.   Keywords: corporate annual reports; disclosure; Malaysia; transparency
The Impact of Government Debt Issuance on Short-Term interest rates in Indonesia
Authors: Adiningsih Sri
Published: September 2018

This paper analyzes whether the expansionary fiscal policy funded by issuing debt instruments in financial markets will increase short-term interest rates. If  the expansionary fiscal policy increases interest rates, which decrease private spending especially investment, crowding out occurs. This is interesting because global economic crisis has encouraged many countries to run large budget deficits to stimulate the economy. Indonesia has also run budget deficit during this crisis and even in years before. The impact of such a policy can be significant because Indonesia’s debt market is still narrow and shallow. Therefore, its capability of absorbing the government debt instruments without influencing the private sector funding is limited. This study tests whether the crowding out occurs in Indonesia using a time series econometric model inspired by Cebula and Cuellar’s model. The Cointegration Regression and Error Correction Model (ECM) are used in this study. Monthly data from April 2000 to December 2008 are used for overnight real interbank call money interest rates, real net government bond issues in trading, real narrow money supply, real rate of one-month Certificate of Bank Indonesia, growth of Gross Domestic Product, and real net international capital flows. This empirical study shows that the crowding out problem occurred in Indonesia during the period. This indicates that financing budget deficit in Indonesia by issuing debt instruments in the financial markets has a negative impact on the private sector.
Model of Islamic Monetary Operation for Liquidity Management in Islamic Banking: Case of Indonesia 2000-2009
Authors: Ismal Rifki
Published: September 2018

The paper attempts to construct the model of islamic monetary operation for liquidity management in islamic banking. Particularly, the model investigates variables that determine the role of the central bank in managing liquidity. Firstly, it explores the related conventional models and chooses one to find general variables involved in monetary operations for managing liquidity. Secondly, it formulates the islamic model after considering the islamic monetary operation principles, characteristics of both islamic monetary instruments and Indonesian islamic banking industry. Specifically, it models Bank Indonesia’s islamic monetary instrument called Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS). Thirdly, the model points out that the volume of SBIS is influenced by reserves requirement, currency in circulation, and prior auctions of SBIS. It means that the application of islamic OMO is not significantly different from monetary instrument in conventional OMO. Therefore, the paper suggests the issuance of islamic investment monetary instruments to implement the ideal islamic monetary instrument and OMO.
SOME CHALLENGES TO THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE COMPETITION LAW IN INDONESIA
Authors: Maarif Syamsul
Published: September 2018

Indonesian competition law known as Law No. 5 of 1999 was adopted on the fifth of March 1999 and took effective a year later, the fifth of March 2000. Since the adoption of the Law we are witnessing business players have changed in the ways they run their businesses. We are also witnessing challenges that need to be dealt with if we want Law No5 effective to reach its objectives. This article discloses some of those challenges. The most difficult one to deal with is the resistance by the court to the existence of the Indonesian Antimonopoly Authority (KPPU).
Internet Access Practices and Employee Attitudes toward Internet Usage Policy Implementation in Selected Philippines Financial Institutions
Authors: R. Simbulan Maria Sagrario
Published: September 2018

This study explores the employees’ concept of appropriate use of Internet facilities as well as their perception of the rights and liabilities, both of the individual and of the organization, associated with the grant of Internet access privileges in the workplace. It further examines how employees perceive their organization’s monitoring of employees online activities and the use of an Internet Usage Policy, whether these are seen as monitoring and control mechanisms or as ways to ensure that Internet access facilities are shared equitably and used responsibly. While the issue of the impact of Internet access on employee productivity will not directly be tackled, the study will provide insights into the frequency and type of usage of Internet facilities in the workplace. Considering the sizeable investment that an organization makes to provide Internet facilities, determining how employees use these facilities to achieve the goals of the organization is, in the very least, interesting and for most organizations concerned with their survival in difficult times, critically important.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND PERSONALITY EFFECTS ON MANAGERS’ JOB STRESS: Is It Different for Malaysian Men and Women?
Authors: Nasurdin Aizzat Mohd. , Ramayah T. , Kumaresan S.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of organizational variables (conflict, blocked career, alienation, work overload, and unfavorable work environment) and personality variables (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) on job stress among managers working in the electronics sector in 4Malaysia and whether this relationship varies according to their gender. Analyses of 285 responses using hierarchical regression revealed that four of five organizational variables (blocked career, alienation, work overload, and conflict) had significant positive effects on job stress. In terms of the personality traits, neuroticism and conscientiousness were found to be significantly and positively related to stress. Extraversion and agreeableness, on the other hand, had significant negative effects on job stress. Gender was found to moderate the effects of all the independent variables on job stress at the 0.01 level. Implications for managerial practice and future research are discussed.
Development and Validation of TQM Constructs: The Philippine Experience
Authors: Talavera Ma. Gloria V
Published: September 2018

This study was conducted to determine the critical components of a Total Quality Management program (referred to as TQM constructs) and the specific strategies, policies and programs that should comprise each TQM construct (referred to as TQM elements); and to validate these TQM constructs in selected companies in the Philippines. Development of the TQM constructs involved the theoretical derivation of the TQM constructs from literature. Validation of the TQM constructs involved a two-stage survey determining the critical components perceived important by managers and assessing the extent by which these critical TQM program components are adopted. Assessment of the instrument’s reliability was done through the Internal Consistency Method with Cronbach coefficient alpha as the relevant coefficient while content and construct validity were done through panel review and Exploratory Factor Analyses, respectively.Results of the first survey indicate a slight deviation in what is perceived as critical components of a quality management system vis-a-vis the original 72 TQM elements. In general, the elements pertaining to a TQM construct as theoretically derived no longer formed part of such construct but merged with other elements in another TQM construct where it shared similarity in functions. This implies that under Philippine context, especially when using perception of importance as the basis for scale development, the integration of activities, strategies and functions associated with TQM program adoption is perceived by respondent managers as more critical. The study presented the multi-functional and multi-dimensional aspects of the TQM constructs. The resulting 35 critical TQM items were further validated in Survey 2. The TQM factors pertaining to the adoption of quantitative techniques in quality management as well as the incentive and reward system were rated lowest in terms of adoption.
Cointegration and Causality Analysis on Developed Asian Markets for Risk Management and Portfolio Selection
Authors: Herwany Aldrin , Febrian Erie
Published: September 2018

Both practitioners and academics demand a linkage model across financial markets, particularly among regional capital markets, for both risk management and portfolio selection purposes. Researchers frequently use cointegration and causality analysis in investigating the dependence or co-movement of three or more stock markets in different countries. However, they mostly conduct causality in mean tests but not causality in variance tests.This study assesses the cointegration and causal relations among seven developed Asian markets, i.e., Tokyo, Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan, Shanghai, Singapore, and Kuala Lumpur stock exchanges, using more frequent time series data. It employs the recently developed techniques for investigating unit roots, cointegration, time-varying volatility, and causality in variance. For estimating portfolio market risk, this study employs Value-at-Risk with delta normal approach. The results would recommend whether fund managers are able to diversify their portfolio in these developed stock markets either in long run or in short run.