bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Of Chronologies and Cruxes
Authors: Shuger Debora
Published: April 2022

The fourth chapter, like the second, concerns the scholarly paratexts, focusing on the timelines that around 1560 start multiplying in English bibles, the vernacular efflux of the chronological fever that gripped the respublica litterarum from mid-sixteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. These timelines treat major cruxes in early modern biblical scholarship: among them, the discrepancy between the Synoptic and Johannine dating of Christ’s Passion and the uncertain duration of the Persian Empire, which was known to have ended 328 years before Christ’s birth, but whose beginning, according to some sources, occurred less than fifty years earlier; according to others, more than three hundred. Elizabethan Protestant bibles based their timelines of Persian, Babylonian, and Seleucid rulers on the leading mid-sixteenth-century authorities, authorities that in turn drew on post-biblical Jewish sources, contemporary astronomical data, Annius of Viterbo’s stockpile of fabrications, and the ninth chapter of the Book of Daniel. The chapter thus explores a model of time and history that was the normal science of its age, although too early to merit more than a dismissive aside from most historians, whose gaze looks ahead to the brilliant flowering of chronological scholarship in the century’s final decades. It merits only a dismissive aside from the Douai-Rheims as well, whose own elaborate chronological tables are structured by the traditional Augustinian Six Ages and seek to teach the laity habits of confessionalized devout reading, not, a headnote explains, to perplex them with “intricate difficulties about the times and reigns of sundry heathen kings.”
Map Production in the Provinces and the Rise of Cartographic Entrepreneurship
Authors: Gibson Catherine
Published: April 2022

This chapter shifts the focus from St. Petersburg to the cartographic activities of imperial Russia’s provincial administration. The well-documented activities of the Vitebsk Provincial Statistical Committee provided us with rare insights into map production processes outside of the imperial capital. The day-to-day work of local statisticians to collect ethnographic data through fieldwork, censuses, and local correspondence reveals how administrative practices shaped approaches to ethnographic mapmaking. Local bureaucrats did not simply carry out orders they receive from their superiors, but also exercised considerable agency over methods of counting, categorising, and mapping imperial subjects. At the same time, the limited infrastructure in the provinces for printing ethnographic maps meant that the local administration had to partner with commercial firms in the imperial capital. Against the backdrop of the rise of modern capitalism and a burgeoning civil society, the competitive marketplace of printing and publishing firms competed for business. Collaboration with private firms could pose immense logistical challenges and clashes emerged between mapmakers’ intellectual ambitious and the commercial interests and technical capabilities of private firms. Examining ethnographic mapmaking from the perspective of the provincial authorities demonstrates the importance of looking beyond the metropole to understand the dynamics of cartographic work across the empire. It also affirms the important role of provincial bureaucrats and the printing industry as key players in the development of ethnography cartography in the Russian Empire.
Sevastopol
Authors: von Winning Alexa
Published: April 2022

The chapter examines the genesis of family networks in nineteenth-century Russia and their role in shaping the Russian public. It traces the formation of a single noble family network during the siege of Sevastopol, probing into both the emotions and the intimate letters that supported it. In nineteenth-century Russia, sentimental family norms prominent among the nobility privileged intimacy, just as the clientelistic imperial bureaucracy depended on personal interactions. Extensive separation due to travel ran counter to these imperatives of intimacy, causing an anxiety of estrangement in scattered families. The chapter considers the emotional response of one particular family, the Mansurovs, to their geographical dispersion, arguing that the family assuaged its anxiety, and built its network, through extensive correspondence. Letters not only kept the family close; they also carried a host of public functions. The chapter argues that, by aiding an early experiment with ‘glasnost’ or limited publicity during the Crimean War, the culture of family contributed to the rapid development of Russian journalism during the Crimean period and through the Great Reforms of the 1860s.
From Exchange to Co-inherence
Authors: Fiddes Paul S.
Published: April 2022

This chapter traces the movement from ‘exchange’ to ‘co-inherence’ in Williams’ last three novels, including the early novel Shadows of Ecstasy since it was only published in 1932. That novel’s ambiguous central figure exemplifies Williams’ theory of transmutation of passion into energy, while he contradicts Williams’ convictions about exchange in love. Descent into Hell confirms that Williams’ emphasis has moved from equilibrium and equipoise to exchange and substitution. The term ‘stillness’ is highlighted as the most comprehensive term Williams can find for the reality that embraces and transcends exchange and substitution, and this is compared to the life of the triune God. ‘Stillness’, however, is treated more negatively in the final novel, All Hallows’ Eve, and co-inherence is the assumed framework of plot, character, and theme. It is apparent that Williams has found the comprehensive concept and image for which he has been searching in his previous six novels.
The Great Dance in C. S. Lewis’Perelandra
Authors: Fiddes Paul S.
Published: April 2022

This chapter reflects on why Lewis’ use of the image of dance in Perelandra has potential within it for expansion into a fuller trinitarian concept of co-inherence than Williams achieved. Lewis’ portrayal of the ‘Great Dance’ marks a high point of the impact of Williams’ idea of co-inherence, and also develops it. Lewis envisages the triune God as the centre of the dance and as engaged in its movement, which was partially anticipated by Williams. Lewis is nevertheless offering something different, first because the context of his ‘moving centre’ is a kind of ‘space theology’. Second, his particular appeal to God as the ‘centre’ develops the notion of co-inherence as an interpenetration beyond Williams’ own thought. Third, the picture of the dance offers a theodicy that is more convincing than Lewis’ conceptual approach in The Problem of Pain, moving beyond Williams’ use of dance as a symbol of cosmic necessity.
Ethical Data Preprocessing
Authors: Martens David
Published: April 2022

This chapter considers how to measure and ensure fairness of your dataset, in terms of privacy and discrimination against sensitive groups. It demonstrates that simply removing identifiers is not enough to avoid being able to re-identify someone. Privacy can be defined and enhanced by making the dataset k-anonymous, l-diverse or t-close, so as to combat homogeneity and linkage attacks against datasets that can reveal personal and/or sensitive information. This is illustrated with re-identification tales from datasets of movie viewing, search query, and location data. On the additional subject of making predictions, fairness is a major concern. The way in which the target variable is defined can already include bias in the dataset, as discussed in the context of pregnancy prediction and face recognition. Finally, it describes metrics and methods to define and remove such bias from the dataset, so as to avoid discrimination in the resulting predictive model.
Ethical Deployment
Authors: Martens David
Published: April 2022

The chapter starts with who gets access to a deployed data science system. For a variety of reasons, system access can be limited to certain persons or regions. Next, it discusses the ethics of treating people differently based on the provided predictions, relating to data-driven price differentiation and behaviour modification. The specific issue of censoring search in China is disussed, followed by a discussion on who should get access to face recognition software. It further describes the ethical issues related to DeepFake technology, both in terms of legitimate applications, such as in entertainment, and for clearly unethical uses, such as phishing scams. It then discusses governance of data science models and the merits of an oversight committee and a data science ethics policy. Finally, some unintended consequences of data science deployments are discussed: models that behave differently than intended, leading to racist and fighting bots, and the loss of jobs on a massive scale.
Automation Risk, Social Policy Preferences, and Political Participation
Authors: Kurer Thomas , Häusermann Silja
Published: April 2022

How does automation affect the politics of the welfare state? People at risk of their human labor being automated may react by claiming social protection (passive social policy), upskilling/commodification (active social policy), or both. In this brief contribution, we make use of novel survey data on perceived automation risk and social policy preferences from eight West European countries to estimate the size and preferences of the group of voters who feel threatened by automation. We find that, across countries, only a minority of voters feels imminently threatened by automation. Social policy preferences of at-risk voters are highly consistent: they support and prioritize passive unemployment protection measures, while being less supportive of activation, education, and labor market reintegration policies. In other words: progressive automation increases the support base for consumption-oriented welfare policies, thereby narrowing the support base for human capital-oriented policies that experts tend to recommend in response to automation.
Global Origins and Dispersals
Authors: Smallman-Raynor Matthew , Cliff Andrew , Ord Keith , Haggett Peter
Published: April 2022

‘Global Origins and Dispersals’ addresses two key questions. First, how do epidemic diseases emerge and can their geographical origins be traced to any particular part of the world? Second, why do more infectious diseases appear to be emerging in recent decades and how far does this crudescence relate to the unprecedented changes in the global environment? The examination covers factors that, inter alia, have tended to increase the geographical scale of disease cycles, including the growth and relocation of the human population, globalization and the collapse of geographical space, and environmental changes associated with land use and climate change and variability. The origin and the spread of newly emerging infectious diseases are illustrated with reference to recent international epidemics of ‘bird flu’ associated with the avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and Ebola virus disease in West Africa (2013–16).
Love and Stress
Authors: Grewal Gwenda-lin
Published: April 2022

Socrates is moved by the daimonion to not act, which causes a chain of reactions in the others who gather around. Euthydemus and Dionysodorus, too, elicit a reaction in their interlocutors by way of an absence of momentum. Their followers, who are first called “students,” then “lovers,” seem to take pleasure in watching their victims go down. Euthydemus and Dionysodorus thus divide into two souls an experience that transpires in one: the coherence of the self is felt in thinking’s motion, and this feeling oddly intensifies the more one’s thoughts are consumed by doubt. Euthydemus and Dionysodorus attempt to isolate the pleasure of the activity of thinking from the perplexity that engages it. But if they, in turn, like their admirers, delight in their own passivity toward other people’s conflicts, this would mean that they are not the equal-opportunity refuters they present themselves as, but rather, interested assassins.
Good Luck
Authors: Grewal Gwenda-lin
Published: April 2022

Socrates offers an amateur’s demonstration of how he wants Euthydemus and Dionysodorus to converse with Cleinias. His conversation with Cleinias begins with faring well, but the ambiguity of eu prattein as “to fare well” or “to do good” leads to the unexpected appearance of “good luck,” which then unexpectedly appears to be the same as wisdom. The identity of good luck and wisdom would seem to render the wise agent in complete control of contingency. Yet, the surprising way in which the obviousness of this equivalence is revealed to Socrates has bearing on its meaning. During their exchange, Cleinias transforms from one who blushes at his ignorance to one who wonders with Socrates at their joint conclusions. The more the two of them agree, the less agency they appear to have. The logos seems to have taken them over, and so, as they fare better and with more luck, they cease to seem lucky, for they simply toss and turn along with the argument. One would fare better in logos, then, where there are perplexities and bumps rather than smooth sailing. One must give oneself over to it while at the same time being suspicious of its turns.
Doing Less More
Authors: Grewal Gwenda-lin
Published: April 2022

Socrates transforms the notion that it is better to leave something be into the formula that it is better to “do less more.” The tension between the adverbial and the nominal—between having goods (wisdom) and being dexterous/good at having them (prudence)—is reduplicated in the ambiguity of oomph and aim. On the one hand, more and less indicate doing something intensely or mildly—that is, the quality or the oomph of the activity. On the other hand, they point to the object of the activity—that is, its external measure, quantity, or goal. Socrates is most interested in subjects who fail to be subjects: a subject whose aim is off will miss the target less, aiming at fewer things or aiming less intensely. But doing less more can mean not only minimizing the less but also infusing the less with more significance. If the obliteration of the oomph of the interlocutors is tantamount to their becoming wise, the argument inflates this obliteration. Socratic knowledge of ignorance surely falls into the category of doing less more, and Socrates here easily corrupts Cleinias to the necessity of philosophizing.
The Aesthetic Commonplace
Authors: Yousef Nancy
Published: April 2022

The Aesthetic Commonplace is a study of the everyday as a region of overlooked value in the work of William Wordsworth, George Eliot, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. The Romantic poet, the realist novelist, and the modern philosopher are each separately associated with a commitment to the common, the ordinary, and the everyday as a vital resource for reflection on language, on feeling, on ethical insight, and social attunement. The Aesthetic Commonplace is the first study to draw substantive lines of connection between Wittgenstein and the cultural and literary history of nineteenth-century England. Tracing conceptual and formal affinities between the poet, the novelist, and the philosopher, the book brings to light significant links between the intellectual history of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth, making the case for a continuous cultural commitment to the aesthetic as a distinctive mode of investigating thought, feeling, and the everyday language upon which we depend for their articulation. Addressed to both literary studies and to philosophy, The Aesthetic Commonplace makes a compelling case for the interdependence of form, concept, and emotion in the history and interpretive practices of both disciplines.
The Fight for Keys
Authors: Plummer Marjorie Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Chapter 2 shows how secular convent reform policies evolved between 1525 and the mid-1540s in reaction to the violence against convents and nuns during the 1525 Peasants’ War. It explores the emerging convent reform policies after 1525 until the Schmalkaldic War (1546–47), when secular authorities sought to confiscate and close convents in non-violent ways. Changes from convent destruction to convent reform also occurred when reformers and secular rulers made concessions on monasticism in response to imperial pressure and legal changes on property law. In particular, the principle of freedom from compulsion (force) in matters of conscience, espoused by both Martin Luther and Emperor Charles V, and the legal protection of convent property in imperial law altered how secular officials approached convent reform. Most secular authorities grudgingly allowed local convents to remain open, although most refused to permit convent congregations to admit new novices.
The New Evangelical NunMonastic Investiture and Petitions for Convent Positions
Authors: Plummer Marjorie Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Chapter 6 considers the transformation of convents from traditional monastic institutions into complex, pluriconfessional, religious communities when evangelical secular authorities reintroduced novices into their territories. The controversies surrounding supplications to enter the convent and the establishment of revised rituals for the investiture of nuns show how diverse groups reinterpreted religious houses to serve their individual or collective financial, religious, or territorial needs. Certainly, evangelical theologians and territorial and civic officials did not intend these new “evangelical” convents to function like traditional convents; they reconfigured these institutions by asserting territorial authority over the devotional life and governance and by appropriating property management. Resident nuns with strong confessional affiliations used such institutional and confessional resolutions to strengthen co-religious presence within convents. These competing goals of devotional uniformity within the convent motivated traditional and evangelical women to recruit and educate the next generation of nuns in the convent schools. Finally, supplications demonstrate multiple motivations for evangelical and traditional women to enter convents in evangelical territories. The negotiations between these divergent interests of the applicants, families, convent congregations, abbesses, and territorial officials created a much more diverse novitiate than anyone expected. As a result, the women, including former nuns and newly professed women, faced shifting social norms and religious practices that allowed religious pluralism, unexpected coexistence, and established claustration in practice if not by mandate.
Conclusion
Authors: Plummer Marjorie Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Just two weeks after the conclusion of the 1582 imperial diet in Augsburg, the unexpected happened. At twilight on 4 October 1582, Anna Jakobäa Fugger (1547–87) fled the convent after twenty years as a choir nun, most recently serving as subprioress.1 Dressed in lay clothing, she let herself out of the convent grounds through the garden gate either left open or opened by the sister of a neighboring goldsmith using an illegally copied key....
Introduction
Authors: Dudney Arthur
Published: April 2022

Reclaiming “philology” as a description of textual analysis helps us think historically because the term is relatively unfamiliar to present-day readers. This chapter explains how cosmopolitan texts, which are sometimes the classics of a literary tradition and sometimes not, build a transregional consciousness, such as in the vast territory across early modern Asia where Persian was a language of power. A challenge in interpreting the early modern world is the prejudice, used here in the philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer’s sense of the preconditions for historical understanding, that we as twenty-first-century people bring to the interpretation of texts written under different circumstances from our own. Ārzū’s career is a way into understanding the efflorescence of Persian philological scholarship in Delhi in the first half of the eighteenth century, the contemporary imagination of India as a cultural space linked to the wider Persian-using cosmopolis, and the emergence of the Persianized vernacular (Urdu) as a literary language.
Post-authoritarian lawmaking
Authors: Egreteau Renaud
Published: April 2022

This chapter focuses on the Union parliament’s lawmaking record. It maps out the legislative process as it has unfolded in the course of the 2010s and highlights how both successive legislatures have developed contrasting lawmaking patterns. Building on Michael Mezey’s three-stage approach to policymaking, it demonstrates that the legislature under the USDP has exerted a stronger influence on the second phase of policymaking (deliberation process) while efforts were made by the NLD legislature to consolidate the first and (tentatively) third phases of lawmaking (policy formulation and policy oversight). The chapter ends with a critical analysis of the legislative outputs of both legislatures to assess the relative impact parliament has had over the startling decade of post-SPDC political, economic, and social transformations, and more generally the country’s democratization efforts. The evidence gathered suggests that resurgent parliaments can effectively serve as policy-influencing arenas, despite the domineering influence of the executive branch or the amateurism observed among legislative ranks.
Introduction
Authors: Bengson John , Cuneo Terence , Shafer-Landau Russ
Published: April 2022

This brief Introduction identifies the main themes of the book. The first is the structure of philosophical inquiry, conceived as a species of theoretical inquiry. The second is what constitutes success or excellence at such inquiry, and thereby qualifies among its proper goals. A third theme is the importance of philosophical data, the procedures by which they are to be collected, and the conditions under which claims rightly count as such data. A fourth theme is the viability of various philosophical methods, the presentation of tests by which their soundness can be assessed, and the introduction and defense of a novel method—the Tri-Level Method, whose soundness is defended herein. A final theme is philosophical progress—whether and how it is possible, whether it has been realized, and how the record of philosophical progress fares relative to that of other disciplines.
Out of Time
Authors: Baron Samuel , Miller Kristie , Tallant Jonathan
Published: April 2022

Out of Time is an exploration of the possibility of timelessness. Time, it is argued, might not exist. This claim is defended by attacking three reasons to think otherwise; to suppose that time must exist. First, that our concepts of time are immune to error in a special sense: no matter what we discover about the world, we will all just continue to agree that time exists. Second, that the loss of time is incompatible with what we know from science and, third, that time’s absence would do extreme violence to our self-conception as agents. In response, a range of empirical studies are used to show that everyday concepts of time are not immune to error. It is likewise argued that recent developments in physics may in fact recommend the loss of time. And, finally, a viable notion of timeless agency is rebuilt using only causation. The book is ambitious in its scope, unyielding in its naturalistic methodology, and wide-ranging in the areas of philosophy it touches on. It explores a number of themes in the study of concepts, in the metaphysics of emergence, and in spacetime metaphysics. By doing so, it deepens our understanding of the relationship between three constants of everyday life: time, causation, and agency.
Strategic Leadership
Authors: Müller Henriette , Tömmel Ingeborg
Published: April 2022

Ursula von der Leyen is the first woman in the office of president of the European Commission. Her nomination was marked by a series of hurdles, not least because she was not a Spitzenkandidat of any party group in the European Parliament (EP). Yet as soon as she was nominated by the European Council, she presented an extremely ambitious and focused agenda and won election in the EP, though by only a slim majority. With a theoretical perspective distinguishing between the institutional setting, the situational context, and the personal qualities of a leader, the chapter offers an assessment of von der Leyen’s leadership during roughly her first year in office. Regarding positional leadership, it questions to what extent her earlier career path and the nomination and election process to the Commission presidency have shaped her incumbency. As for behavioral leadership, the chapter analyses von der Leyen’s agenda-setting, her work in implementing this agenda, and her achievements thus far. In particular, the chapter highlights how von der Leyen, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, strategically tackled the crisis while pushing her agenda and strengthening the position of the European Commission.
This is the BBC
Authors: Potter Simon J.
Published: April 2022

This book examines one hundred years of the history of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), from 1922 to 2022. It looks at that history in terms of people and programmes, and also explores the BBC as an institution. It examines the role of politicians and civil servants in shaping and guiding the work of the BBC, and the impact of successive technological innovations, from radio, to television, to the new digital age. It shows how the BBC has changed over the last century, adapting to dramatic shifts in its political, social, and cultural environment. The BBC was initially constituted as a monopoly, controlling all broadcasting in Britain, including an Empire Service for white listeners in Britain’s colonies. It went on to provide services for audiences at home and overseas throughout the Second World War and into the Cold War, seeking to ‘inform, educate, and entertain’, roughly in that order of priority. From the 1950s, it faced domestic commercial competition, as politicians overturned the idea of a public service monopoly. It has since faced multiple challenges from those who question whether the public sector has a legitimate role to play in the mass media, and from governments seeking to control and influence what gets broadcast. Today it can be regarded as a vast machine for commissioning programmes, patronizing the arts, doing journalism, promoting the Union, and projecting British cultural influence to a global audience.
Introduction
Authors: O'Grady Tom
Published: April 2022

Chapter 1 details the effects of recent welfare reforms, including Universal Credit, on benefits claimants. It details associated rises in poverty, homelessness, indebtedness, foodbanks, and mental distress, as well as the regressive nature of the changes. It then lays out the book’s main arguments to explain what has taken place in the UK, and why, comparing the UK to its European neighbours.
Political Discourse
Authors: O'Grady Tom
Published: April 2022

Chapter 4 looks in detail at how political discourse towards the welfare state was transformed, using a database of every speech made about welfare and welfare reform in the House of Commons from 1987 to 2018. With a combination of quantitative computational techniques and close, focused interpretation of key speeches, it documents remarkable transformations in discourse. It suggests that discourse on welfare can usefully be thought of as falling into two sets of opposing frames that are labelled `work, reform, and fraud’ and ‘poverty, need, and rights’, whose prevalence has varied systematically over the past thirty years. It documents a sharp change towards negative depictions of welfare users in the 1990s and 2000s during the ‘new Labour’ years, and a sharp change back again in the 2010s.
Public Opinion
Authors: O'Grady Tom
Published: April 2022

Chapter 6 covers public opinion. It explains why many theories of opinion change cannot account for the British case, and then discuss new work on how the public perceives the deservingness of welfare recipients, arguing that changing deservingness perceptions, influenced by elite discourse, moved public opinion. It then tests the theory that declines in support for welfare are explained by altered discourse, with a series of tests using correlations between discourse and opinion change, cohort analysis, panel data, and a survey experiment carried out with British subjects.
Political Discourse and Public Opinion in Other Countries
Authors: O'Grady Tom
Published: April 2022

Chapter 9 rounds out the comparative claim of this book, that changing discourse can explain why the UK’s public opinion on welfare has deviated from its continental European neighbours. It compares British political discourse to other countries that have carried out welfare-to-work reforms, but to a lesser degree than the UK: Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Specifically it uses party manifestos from the early 1990s to the early 2010s to contrast the British Labour Party with other similar centre-left parties in each country. Based on manifesto statements, Labour’s tone shifted more than other social democratic parties, even though some changes are certainly evident amongst them too. These differences correlate with cross-national differences in public opinion.
Totally Truffaut
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

This book tries to answer in clear language two complex riddles: How is experience imprinted into films? What draws audiences to theaters? François Truffaut, like Fellini, Bergman, or Scorsese, worked with autobiographical material, and Totally Truffaut follows the coded inscription of major life events in his films, from his illegitimate birth to his passionate but doomed relationship with Catherine Deneuve. The book focuses first on the process that embeds experience into fictions, and more specifically into visual forms and patterns. I also try to define the mode of perception film language triggers in the spectator. When entering a movie theater, we expect perceptual pleasure. Truffaut’s creative work is devoted to distilling this drug to audiences, an ambition central to the evolution of his style. These two issues are closely connected, and Totally Truffaut follows, film after film, their crisscrossing paths. It also highlights the essential role several great actresses—Jeanne Moreau, Françoise Dorléac, Jacqueline Bisset, Isabelle Adjani, Fanny Ardant, and Catherine Deneuve—played in the creation of the films.
Jules and Jim (1962)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

This adaptation of an autobiographical novel by a 76-year-old writer makes extensive use of the literary text in a voice over. Time is the main protagonist of the film. Split into two complementary figures, the masculine is under the spell of an unforgettable feminine persona played by Jeanne Moreau. Her character confirms the collusion between idealizations and death. Fluid camera work gives the narrative the power to spatialize of time. Shot by shot analysis: The race on a bridge where Catherine wins by cheating.
The Bride Wore Black (1967)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

Adapted from a novel by William Irish, this film presents a story line reminiscent of Les Mistons. Five men each confront the lethal bride played by Jeanne Moreau. As in Shoot the Piano Player, there is a dichotomy between the sound track and the visuals. The most memorable of the five episodes concerns a painter/womanizer played by Charles Denner. Announcing The Man who Loved Women, this character presents a new masculine persona in Truffaut’s work. Unlike previous male characters, he is neither guilt-ridden nor split in two and proves very assertive of his life choices. Shot-by-shot analysis: The bride, posing as a model for the painter, almost kills him.
Stolen Kisses (1968)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

This highly successful episode of the Doinel saga was shot during the 1968 political riots. This may account for the formidable energy and freedom of the narrative. Following a Bildungsroman pattern, it shows a young man learning about social codes and passion. In this comedy, Delphine Seyrig plays the role of one of Truffaut’s most magical woman. The analysis details how inner drives are inscribed iconographically in the visuals of the film. Shot-by-shot analysis: When having coffee with his love object, Doinel calls her “Monsieur”. In Truffaut’s films, disorders of passion go hand in hand with disorders of language.
Mississippi Mermaid (1969)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

This film marks Truffaut’s encounter with Catherine Deneuve and the beginning of a relationship that will be imprinted in most of the subsequent films. The different components of this idealized feminine figure are reviewed in this chapter as well as the coded inscription of sexuality in the narrative. Shot-by-shot analysis: The long dialogue by the fire where the hero played by Jean-Paul Belmondo declares his passionate love to the star.
Alban Berg, “Schlafend trägt man mich,” from Four Songs, Op. 2, No. 2 (1910)
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: April 2022

A progression of six chords leads to a repeat of the first chord. All six chords are of the same type. The chords are bound together by a particular voice-leading scheme. The progression can be traced on an appropriate musical space.
Luigi Dallapiccola, “Die Sonne kommt!” from Goethe Lieder, No. 2 (1953)
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: April 2022

This is a twelve-tone piece, based on a pair of inversionally related series and their retrogrades. There is a high level of pitch-class invariance between the series forms. The same harmonies found within the series forms are also found between the series.
Ursula Mamlok, Panta Rhei for piano, violin, and cello, third movement (1981)
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: April 2022

This twelve-tone piece deploys hexatonic hexachords, arranged as RI-chains of either major/minor triads or trichord (014). Its progressions of harmonies can be traced on an appropriate hexatonic space. Within that space, the harmonies move with a series of contextual inversions, where two notes hold and the third note flips around them.
Kaija Saariaho, Papillons for solo cello, No. 3 (2000)
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: April 2022

This short piece can be thought of as the animation of a harmony built on D that consists mostly of the notes of a hexatonic scale. The notes tend to occur in a particular order, following a seven-note series. Recurring segments of the series act is motives in the piece, including descending semitones, those traditional musical emblems of grief. The harmonies of the piece are generally triads, although their roots and modes are often ambiguous.
The White Perspective in a Divided City
Authors: Yancy Nina M.
Published: April 2022

This chapter uses interpretive methods to present the book's findings from interviews conducted with 48 residents of the Baton Rouge area. The chapter delineates a shared racial perspective among White Baton Rouge residents, even as they were divided over the racialized issue of St. George. This perspective emerges in the form of four common discursive practices that structure the White respondents' reflections, whether concerning Black people as an outgroup or White people as an ingroup. While the chapter highlights the possibilities of motivating racially tolerant White people to action, it also shows how these individuals subscribe to racial ignorance and participate in upholding the Black-White color line in Baton Rouge. The chapter concludes by reporting findings from interviews with Black residents of the area, which offer both a contrast to White residents' views and additional ethnographic insight into the workings of Whiteness.
Book of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin on Revealing the Origin and Reaching the Foundation (*Da Qin jingjiao xuanyuan zhiben jing大‎秦‎景‎教‎宣‎元‎至‎本‎經‎)
Authors: Nicolini-Zani Matteo
Published: April 2022

Annotated translation of the Tang Chinese Christian Texts:
TEXT A. “Stele of the Diffusion of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin in China” (Da Qin jingjiao liuxing Zhongguo bei大秦景教流行中國碑‎)
TEXT B. (1) “Hymn in Praise of the Salvation Achieved through the Three Majesties of the Luminous Teaching” (Jingjiao sanwei mengdu zan景教三威蒙度讚‎); (2) “Book of the Honored” (Zunjing尊經‎)
TEXT C. “Discourse on the One God” (Yishen lun一神論‎):
I. “Discourse on the One Godhead” (Yitian lun diyi一天論第一‎)
II. “Metaphorical Teaching” (Yu di’er喻第二‎)
III. “Discourse of the Honored One of the Universe on Almsgiving” (Shizun bushi lun disan世尊布施論第三‎)
TEXT D. “Book of the Lord Messiah” (Xuting mishisuo jing序聽迷詩所經‎)
TEXT E. “Book on Profound and Mysterious Blessedness” (Zhixuan anle jing志玄安樂經‎)
TEXT F. “Book of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin on Unveiling the Origin and Attaining the Foundation” (Da Qin jingjiao xuanyuan zhiben jing大秦景教宣元至本經‎)
Francis Asbury and the Methodists
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

Led by their indefatigable itinerant bishop, Francis Asbury, the Methodists spread like wildfire in the early republic. Unlike Baptists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and Unitarians, Methodists largely eschewed politics to focus on personal conversion and small group religious nurture. Methodists were the era’s most effective revivalists and also the group that best contained the fires of revival through the structures of the Methodist Discipline. Hymns played a crucial role in spreading the Methodist message and strengthening local Methodist fellowship. The Methodist avoidance of political partisanship looks commendable from a contemporary angle. Their great early success, however, included successful evangelization of southern whites; their defense of the slave system eventually led them to compromise their earlier stand against the institution.
Slavery and the Bible before the Missouri Compromise
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

This chapter outlines biblical debates over slavery that came into existence during the eighteenth century, intensified during the Revolutionary era, and became increasingly ardent from the early 1800s forward. It examines the texts that were used time and again to defend enslavement (citations from the Old Testament allowing Israel to keep slaves and from the New that instructed slaves to be obedient) and to attack it (liberationist themes in Old Testament legislation, the Golden Rule of the Gospels, the “brotherhood” passages of the Pauline epistles). It describes the strong antislavery works based on the Bible that were published early in the new century by two Methodists (Daniel Coker and Freeborn Garrettson) and two Presbyterians (Alexander McLeod, George Bourne). But it also shows that despite these impressive works, the success of the main Protestant denominations in gaining southern white adherents and northern whites cautious about abolition pushed them in the direction of tolerating slavery or ignoring its existence.
The Law and a Christian Nation
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

The effort to ground American legal principles on the Bible, which was often taken for granted as an ideal goal in early national history, also soon floundered. The research of legal scholar Steven Green has shown that declarations about Scripture as the foundation of the common law gradually faded as more state courts began to apply constitutional principles of religious freedom. Belief in the natural affinity between Scripture and American legal tradition survived into the twentieth century, but with more and more exceptions and increasing imprecision as the decades rolled by. The efforts by custodial Protestants to create a voluntary Bible civilization also met resistance from sectarian Protestants (and a few secular Americans) who used legal principles of religious freedom to thwart those aspirations.
The Civil War
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

During the relatively short duration of the American Civil War, the nation’s citizens read, pondered, preached, distributed, internalized, exploited, and abused the Bible with unprecedented fervor—yet with almost no unity at all. In the field and for many soldiers’ families at home, the Bible was mostly a spiritual book offering comfort during violently desperate times. Public spokesmen (and a few spokeswomen) used Scripture as a bludgeon against their opponents. Catholics uniformly blamed the Protestant “right of private judgment” for encouraging each of the warring sides to claim that it was following Scripture. The chapter shows that Abraham Lincoln’s extensive connections with Jews played a role in bringing Jewish approaches to Scripture more into the national mainstream. It also details the way “scientific racism” gained ground when defenders of the South and slavery turned increasingly to ethnography to demean Africans and defend their enslavement.
The Centennial Divide: 1876 and After
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

The relative absence of the Bible at the nation’s Philadelphia Centennial celebration in 1876 showed the damage done by the earlier divisions over slavery and during the war itself. The Blaine Amendment, an anti-Catholic proposal to change the Constitution to disallow any government funds for religious schools but to preserve Scripture as a nonsectarian aid to learning, failed. It signaled continuing tension between the Protestant majority and rising numbers of Catholics, Jews, and nonbelievers who mounted strong pushback against Protestant domination of public life. The Bible was a nonfactor in the contested election of 1876 that marked the end of Reconstruction and the rapid deployment of Jim Crow segregation. In 1876 a New England woman, Julia Smith, published her own translation of the entire Bible, a notable first recognized by the increasingly vocal movement for women’s rights. The chapter ends by showing that American women continued to engage the Scriptures, but from many different angles.
Collective Trauma and the Making of International Politics
Authors: Lerner Adam B.
Published: April 2022

This chapter introduces the central theoretical gap addressed in this book. Mass violence, in its varied forms, has long been a primary concern in international relations—indeed, most of the discipline’s origin stories of the international system emphasize order emerging from brutal wars or colonial violence. Yet despite this centrality, too often scholars neglect its indirect longer-term impacts, particularly as they manifest as collective trauma. This chapter argues that collective trauma plays a foundational role in the international system, shaping international imaginaries and institutions. It previews how subsequent chapters theorize the emergence and varied impacts of collective trauma, before turning to a methodological reflection on how the book’s theoretical interventions and case studies operate together. It concludes with an outline of the chapters that follow.
Colonialism as Collective Trauma
Authors: Lerner Adam B.
Published: April 2022

This case study analyzes collective trauma’s impact on economic nationalist discourses in India during the independence period, before the Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961) institutionalized an autarkic development model. Contrary to many historians’ interpretations of this model as inspired by Soviet socialism, this chapter unpacks economic nationalism’s roots in collective trauma. It pays particular attention to how narrations of mass violence created a logic equating the liberal economic policies of empire with devastating famines and oppression. The chapter begins with economic nationalism’s nineteenth-century roots and then outlines its four most influential variants during the independence period: Gandhian, Marxist, big business, and Nehruvian. Although these groups differed on many key issues, they converged on the idea that autarky was necessary to protect India from further mass violence—a consensus that prevailed in Indian foreign economic policymaking for decades.
The Theory behind Gerrymandering
Authors: Goedert Nicholas
Published: April 2022

This chapter explains why and how gerrymandering works. First, the chapter discusses several normative representational claims that voters might make on their representation (e.g., substantive, descriptive, dyadic, and discursive representation). These competing claims suggest that any catch-all solution or formula may be an inappropriate counter to partisan gerrymandering. Using simple “toy” models, it also gives examples of four types of gerrymandering “regimes”: (1) a nonpartisan map in which all districts are competitive; (2) a bipartisan map with an equal number of safe seats allocated to each party; (3) an aggressive partisan map in which one party tries to maximize seats under normal election conditions; and (4) a defensive partisan map in which one party draws a map to guarantee a majority of seats even in an adverse electoral environment. It describes how each regime addresses the competing normative claims and how each responds to electoral tides.
No-Man’s Land
Authors: Halamish Lynne Dale , Cassell Eric J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter explores last wishes in all their complexity, including how they can be problematic, but how not knowing those wishes can be even more detrimental. It acknowledges how we may be tempted to not ask the patient about last wishes, fearful that we cannot grant them. Additionally, it explores the decision of whether or not to die at home.
It Takes a Village
Authors: Halamish Lynne Dale , Cassell Eric J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter discusses cross-cultural interactions between patients, caregivers, and professionals and acknowledges how our visual perceptions tend to color our opinions. It helps readers understand the judgments they may have without realizing them, and how that judgment affects the care that they provide, in ways that may be unfairly adverse, or unfairly advantageous, to one or more groups.
The Big Event
Authors: Halamish Lynne Dale , Cassell Eric J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter explores how culture comes into play at the end of life, and how patients and family members prefer the familiar surroundings of their own culture, especially during stressful circumstances. Formal mourning rituals are also explored, as well as how to include children of all ages in these rituals in an appropriate way.
Renovation
Authors: Halamish Lynne Dale , Cassell Eric J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter explores the complexities of grieving for a deceased abuser. The case example shows how to help a survivor leave behind feelings of survivor’s guilt and directs counselors to listening carefully to a patient’s stories. It also demonstrates how a counselor can use practical tools to advise their patient on how to reclaim their home and themselves.
The Cornerman
Authors: Halamish Lynne Dale , Cassell Eric J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter discusses how it is the goal of counseling to empower, not encourage dependence. It shares how a professional can take note of their patient’s achievements and acknowledge them, in order to strengthen and encourage them.
The Threat
Authors: Halamish Lynne Dale , Cassell Eric J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter considers how any mention of suicide should always be regarded with the utmost seriousness, and how to evaluate the threat for viability. The first question to ask is how, in order to understand if there is a suicide plan, and if it’s a plan that can be carried out. When the plan is viable, the next question to ask is when.