bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decrypting Causes of Sand Control Failure and Improving Productivity of Multi Zone Single Trip Gravel Pack
Authors: Wijaya R. , Muryanto B. , Rushatmanto M. , Massuka B. G.
Published: December 2015

Multi Zone Single Trip Gravel Pack (MZ-STGP) system has been the solution for developing sand prone reservoirs in the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. Despite providing cost effective solutions, few sand control failures has been recorded. It is deemed necessary to understand the cause of sand control failure and prevent it in the future. Sand control failure may be related to unique design of MZ-STGP or general gravel pack (GP) design.

Initial investigation reveals that poor gravel packing quality may be one of sources of sand control failure. Combined with other tools, gamma ray and saturation logging help to assess gravel pack quality. At the same time, they may also be used to detect invasion from fine particles causing drop of productivity.

After extensive investigation from logging datas, three main causes of MZ-STGP were identified as bridging and incomplete gravel pack pumping, sand retention problem and low proppant coverage. This paper describes the actions to improve robustness of sand control, as well as the implementation of fines migration additives in order to improve the productivity.

To date, a database of GP zones has been created. More than 25 new wells and more than 100 zones were assessed prior put on production to assure no anomaly on gravel pack quality and assuring correct clean up procedure is applied. This contributes to no major sand control failure despite extensive gravel pack operation in Mahakam block.
Reaching India's Deepest Target Depth in World Deepest Water Depth Environment - A Success Story
Authors: Indunker J. , ChandraSekhar S. , Dotiwala F. , Singh J. , Shedde P.
Published: December 2015

Drilling ultradeepwater wells is a high-risk venture in which E&P companies usually spare no expense in applying cutting-edge technology to make faster decisions. The paper presents a case study on application of logging-while-drilling (LWD) technology in overcoming the anticipated challenges and gaining control over geology of the unexplored section while drilling a long ultradeepwater well of 7700 m. LWD technology such as real-time resistivity, sonic, and spectroscopy measurements were brought in play to reduce uncertainty in real time to drive the well to the target.

LWD resistivity and sonic data were used to update the predrill pore pressure. Real-time inputs helped in optimizing program and casing design, which is very crucial while drilling a 3174-m bathymetry with such a challenging target of 7700 m vertically. Spectroscopy lithology processing helped in gaining confidence in lithology interpretation and understanding regional geology in a better way while drilling.

Resistivity and sonic while-drilling measurements have been used for several years to refine pore-pressure models and casing depth optimization. The resistivity and sonic data acquired by LWD measurements in this well helped in refining predrill pore pressure estimates, drilling through the entire stratigraphic section successfully with optimum mud weight. Along with pore pressure modelling in real time, compressional data from LWD sonic play a critical role in refining the surface seismic time-depth relationship. Real-time spectroscopy measurements were used to gain confidence in evaluating lithology in the unexplored section. Conventional interpretation of the basic LWD measurements (gamma ray, resistivity, and density neutron) can be misleading in unexplored section. Real-time spectroscopy, however, could build a greater confidence in evaluating lithology at the elemental level. In this study, the real-time spectroscopy measurement resulted in better understanding of regional geology and calibrating the seismic section while drilling. A complete formation valuation including volumetric computation and clay typing was done using a full suite of LWD measurements. This helped in saving rig cost by optimizing post drilling activity in this expensive environment.

The area was an unexplored part of the basin in ultradeepwater off the eastern coast of India, with several associated uncertainties. Using real-time data to drill to the target with added knowledge enabled better understanding of the deeper horizons. Real-time spectroscopy and poro-permeability estimation proved to be of great help.
IOR/EOR Monitoring Onshore with Frequent Time-Lapse Seismic
Authors: Przybysz-Jarnut J. K. , Hornman J. C. , Potters J. H. H. M. , Lopez J. L.
Published: December 2015

Time-lapse seismic monitoring provides important information about the reservoir state between the wells and allows for areal conformance monitoring. This is especially important in IOR and EOR projects where the efficacy of injectants such as water, steam, gas, and solvents needs to be maximized to improve profitability and reduce environmental footprint. However, due to its high cost and typically insufficient data quality, time-lapse seismic is often omitted in the surveillance plan for onshore fields. In this paper we show how high fidelity frequent time-lapse seismic can be used to influence production performance and increase ultimate recovery in such projects. Weekly monitoring proved very useful for the application presented in this paper, but the optimal frequency will depend on factors such as recovery mechanism, development strategy, and intervention opportunities. We propose a lower-cost variant of frequent seismic monitoring to provide the required flexibility.
Adopting Cloud Technology to Enhance The Digital Oilfield
Authors: Pickering J G , Sengupta S , Pfitzinger M
Published: December 2015

The digital oilfield is a fundamental consumer of information technology. It requires the sourcing of reliable data, managing and storing that data effectively and serving it to operational decision makers. Cloud computing has forever changed the game in information technology. It could bring significant enhancements to the digital oilfield providing that the industry feels comfortable that data resilience, privacy and security are maintained. This paper looks at how to provide this assurance.

The big concerns with cloud computing are data loss and an uncertainty where the data is actually residing. Coupled with a growing number of security threats, these are holding back adoption in digital oilfield implementations. Some companies have introduced a "private cloud", which has enabled them to retain data within their own network boundary. However, this has prevented them from reducing their infrastructure costs and they have had to size their computing power and storage requirements to meet the highest level of demand, which may only be needed occasionally. Conversely, a public cloud enables a "pay as needed" service.

The cloud benefit is not just concerned with the cost of information technology. Smart applications can be deployed quickly to aid decision making, access to information is improved enormously and systems of record are much easier to manage. These processes support the very foundations of digital oilfield: operational efficiency in drilling and production, enhanced collaboration and remote decision support. So we are not just making an information technology decision when considering cloud technology. In this paper we demonstrate that the cloud can not only be as private and secure as a ring-fenced infrastructure but in many cases it offers much higher levels of protection, resiliency and agility. As with many aspects of the digital oilfield, the challenges to success reside in people transition and the development of appropriate work processes. We have a natural tendency to over-estimate the privacy and security of our own infrastructures but unless they are actively rather than passively managed, it is most unlikely that the governance processes will be superior to those employed by Microsoft in their Azure Cloud, for example.

The digital oilfield is a journey towards advanced ways of working. The oil and gas business is evolving continuously as we develop ever more challenging fields. In the future we can expect to have more limited resources available and possibly, as we are seeing currently, lower returns. The cloud is an important evolution that we cannot afford to overlook.
Flow Simulation Layer Upscale Optimization In A Large Middle East Carbonate Reservoir: Arab D Dukhan
Authors: Vera Levin Barrios , Stanley Rowan , Al-Asmakh Mona
Published: December 2015

A common challenge for the numerical characterization of large Middle East carbonate reservoirs is the potential loss of dynamic fidelity during upscaling. Practical limits for conventional black-oil or compositional simulation using commercial softwares and corner-point geometries restrict reservoir model sizes to a practical limit of few million active cells. For reservoirs with large lateral and/or vertical extent, cell dimensions often exceed tens of feet vertically, resulting in considerable petrophysical averaging compared to wireline log responses.

Conversely, static geological descriptions capture log-derived petrophysical contrasts at a vertical resolution of less than two feet. Collocating surveillance responses with log characteristics highlights significant geological elements contributing to conductive and resistive flow responses and is an important initial screening. Optimization of the upscaled layering configuration is the focus of this study, which outlines a practical workflow used to preserve the geological and petrophysical configuration and the dynamic response via targeted sensitivity testing.

The analysis was conducted on the 200ft Jurassic Arab D interval of the Dukhan Field in Qatar. The reservoir comprises depositional cycles originating on a shallow carbonate ramp, featuring high frequency sequences (20ft-50ft) of well connected grainstones. Lagoonal wackestone intervals (1ft-5ft thickness) are common and form localized flow barriers.

A series of geologically-driven upscale layering scenarios were designed to aggregate stacked conductive grainstone beds, while simultaneously capturing thin baffling carbonate mudstones. Optimization of the fine- to coarse-layer correspondences was achieved using full-field 3D streamline simulation. Upscaled scenarios were screened and benchmarked against the fine scale performance characteristics using layer sweep efficiency as the main optimization criteria. This practical workflow jointly optimizes the geological and engineering upscale layer requirements and facilitates transition to the history match process.
Qatargas Plateau Maintenance Project - A Case Study; Enlargement of Feed-Gas and Handling Capacity
Authors: Montiel Dunlop J. E. , Abuagela A. , Kumar P.
Published: December 2015

The Plateau Maintenance Project (PMP) was implemented in Qatargas to ensure production targets is maintained until end of license consession; and to obtain better balance between reservoirs respective depletions. This project consisted of a) drilling and completion of two infill wells at lower reservoir, b) re-completion of two wells in upper reservoirs and, c) upgrading onshore treatment facilities to handle higher H2S levels in the feed gas.

PMP facilities overview for Qatargas 1 consisted of two aspects to meet the sour gas production targets; a new green field area which comprises a new Acid Gas Recovery unit (AGR) and Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) to handle the extra H2S capacity, whereas actual brownfield area included all tie-ins and additional equipment requirements for start-up. Challenges were foreseen in the startup of the project while supporting LNG process, due to the fact that gas surplus should be maintained at all times while ramping up H2S in the feed to the required level, versus existing facilities and well constrains, expected performance and capacities from new and worked over wells, and possible upsets that might happen upstream or downstream during start-up stage. A work around to properly implement a gas management system to asses various scenarios was required.

To asses this, new and worked over wells were exercised in a prudent period of time to fully evaluate its potential and H2S content. During this period, one of the new wells was kept shut-in due to integrity issues, whilst other new wells were delivering less H2S levels as measured during the clean-up phase through the rig; mainly due to cross flow caused by long shut-in periods after end of well completion. At this point, uncertainties increased about not reaching the desired H2S in the feed. A workaround scheme was implemented by performing additional well testing and sampling in the new wells, to fine tune well models and build a comprehensive gas management system to asses the required scenarios. These scenarios were translated into guidelines shared among involved stakeholders through proper training sessions. Active support was provided during PMP start-up, coordinating with offshore operations, well production monitoring and well integrity concerns; as well as proper gas management implementation during experienced facilities upsets.

This paper presents the overall experience about the complexity of factors, challenges of planning and executing gas supply, while supporting the start-up of new PMP facilities, through implementation of proper gas management guidelines from offshore for various scenarios in a sour gas field. Detailed operational process and facilities description understanding is not covered in this paper.
Assimilation of Major Accident Hazard (MAH) Analysis into Process Safety Management (PSM) Process
Authors: Azeez Sadiq , Cranefield Jack
Published: December 2015

The risk of operating and managing major hazard facilities is not a new one. Major accidents such as the Deepwater Horizon (Macondo), Piper Alpha, British Petroleum (BP) Texas City refinery, Longford refinery have led to a review of current practices and regulations. Subsequent to the recent events, there have been discussions regarding the merits of a Major Accident Hazard analysis (Safety Case approach) and there have been comparisons with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA's) Process Safety Management approach. RasGas is evaluating incorporating a Safety Case approach within the RasGas Elements of Excellence (the RasGas Safety Management System Framework).

Precedence is being taken from the various international regulations such as the European Seveso directive, Risk assessment regulations - Norway, Control of Major Accident Hazard (COMAH) regulations – United Kingdom (UK), and the Major Hazard Facility Regulations - Australia wherein a safety case approach has been adopted. RasGas has evaluated the benefits of integrating the existing Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) Management Systems with the Safety Case approach.

This paper demonstrates the integration of various safety case elements/processes (with existing elements of the Company's HSE Management System. The topics discussed in this paper will be relevant to all organizations with mature HSE management systems and are in the process of migrating towards a Major Accident Hazard analyses/ Safety case framework.
A Premier Qatargas Process to Optimize and Integrate Gas Production from North Field Reservoir
Authors: Fulks R. M. , Kumar P.
Published: December 2015

Due to the massive scale and complexity of integrated production and processing of natural gas from offshore, Qatargas needed a flawless system and processes to enable an integrated approach in planning and execution of gas production activities from various stakeholders. Qatargas has embraced the challenge to transform from a relatively unstructured working system to a well-researched process with clearly defined structure, roles & responsibilities, with enhancing tools that enable premier-level execution.

Qatargas has developed a premier process to optimize and manage gas production planning from the world's largest single gas reservoir, namely the North Field, to the inlet of the largest LNG trains in the world. Gas is produced and managed from reservoir/wells, through offshore separation facilities, across subsea pipelines, all the way to onshore LNG trains. Coordination of these processes requires a systematic workflow with defined roles and responsibilities for all contributors to the production & operations chain. This workflow encompasses facilities and wells preventative and corrective maintenance plans, wells data acquisition, as well as planning for expansion and modification projects.

The Production Performance Division of Qatargas has leveraged specialist experience to develop the Upstream Gas Production (UGP) workflow as part of the Qatargas Management System (QGMS). The UGP workflow was created utilizing the decision based system known as RAPID which defines at all levels of a decision, responsibility for who Reviews, Approves, Performs, Inputs, and Decides. These roles are documented in a standard approach and sequence. For UGP, the Rapid system was used to define roles and responsibilities surrounding input data on the multitude of activities that impact gas volume and composition feeding the LNG plants, allowing development of a streamlined activity plan which maximizes gas production. Additionally, the Rapid system was used to clarify the process of preparing Gas Volume Forecasts at the well, platform, pipeline, and total LNG inlet level. Through the RAPID system, all inputs and outputs are reviewed and are subject to approval or rejection by authorized persons. The UGP workflow captures activities and gas volumes for time scales ranging from weekly to 7 years with all Qatargas stakeholders involved in planning, execution, and process performance optimization, thereby minimizing gaps between teams and ensuring a well-defined work path with clear roles and responsibilities for every stakeholder.
Sport, Celebrity and Religion: Christianity, Morality and the Tebow Phenomenon
Authors: Parker Andrew , Watson Nick J.
Published: December 2015

Sporting celebrities are rarely discussed within the broader realms of theological debate. Yet that is not to say that their identities cannot offer insight into wider patterns of cultural influence. Indeed, it is our contention within this paper that the reverse is true; that analyses of the autobiographical details of contemporary sporting figures represent key sites through which cultural influence can be examined. To this end, we take one sporting icon of recent times, American Football (NFL) star Tim Tebow and assess his popular cultural image in terms of its contribution to debates surrounding identity, Christianity and morality. Our central thesis is that whilst Tebow's popular cultural image affords all the hallmarks of modern-day ‘platform ministry’, his articulation of particular norms and values raises questions about the kinds of moral responsibilities high-profile Christian athletes have in relation to their expressions of faith.
The Mystical and Sublime in Extreme Sports: Experiences of Psychological Well-Being or Christian Revelation?
Authors: Watson Nick J. , Parker Andrew
Published: December 2015

The aim of this article is to examine the legitimacy of claims that athletes in extreme sports may encounter the mystical and sublime, when examined though a Christian theological lens. Drawing on the works of theologians and religious studies scholars – in particular, that of Richard Zaehner (1961) – and social scientists who have written on the topic of the mystical and sublime in sporting experience, the two major themes explored are first, the differences and similarities between positive psychological states commonly reported in extreme sport, for example the ‘flow’ experience, and theistic mystical experiences articulated in the bible and in Christian theology, and, secondly, the possibility of experiencing the sublime through the nature–person interaction in wilderness settings. As to whether extreme sport experience provides access to the mystical realms of the Holy that Rudolph Otto, St Paul, Jonathan Edwards and St John of the Cross refer to, our answer is an emphatic no. That said, we wish clearly to articulate our endorsement of sports such as mountaineering, surfing and snowboarding. Within a balanced theology of leisure, they can be seen as forms of deep play, an avenue to well-being and growth, even spiritual expression in an aesthetic, creative sense that provides opportunities for meaningful, therapeutic and exhilarating wilderness experience. It is hoped that for those readers wishing to delve further into this challenging and complicated field of study, our argument will provide a ‘position statement’ that will provoke further scholarship and empirical research.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Anti-Oxidant Capacity of Curcumin Glucuronides, the Major Curcumin Metabolites
Authors: Choudhury Ambar , Raja Suganya , Mahapatra Sanjata , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Majeed Muhammed
Published: December 2015

Curcumin metabolites namely curcumin monoglucuronide and curcumin diglucuronide were synthesized using an alternative synthetic approach. The anti-oxidant potential of these curcumin glucuronides was compared with that of curcumin using DPPH scavenging method and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay. The results show that curcumin monoglucuronide exhibits 10 fold less anti-oxidant activity (DPPH method) and the anti-oxidant capacity of curcumin diglucuronide is highly attenuated compared to the anti-oxidant activity of curcumin.
Functional Piezocrystal Characterisation under Varying Conditions
Authors: Liao Xiaochun , Qiu Zhen , Jiang Tingyi , Sadiq Muhammad , Huang Zhihong , Demore Christine , Cochran Sandy
Published: December 2015

Piezocrystals, especially the relaxor-based ferroelectric crystals, have been subject to intense investigation and development within the past three decades, motivated by the performance advantages offered by their ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficients and higher electromechanical coupling coefficients than piezoceramics. Structural anisotropy of piezocrystals also provides opportunities for devices to operate in novel vibration modes, such as the d36 face shear mode, with domain engineering and special crystal cuts. These piezocrystal characteristics contribute to their potential usage in a wide range of low- and high-power ultrasound applications. In such applications, conventional piezoelectric materials are presently subject to varying mechanical stress/pressure, temperature and electric field conditions. However, as observed previously, piezocrystal properties are significantly affected by a single such condition or a combination of conditions. Laboratory characterisation of the piezocrystal properties under these conditions is therefore essential to fully understand these materials and to allow electroacoustic transducer design in realistic scenarios. This will help to establish the extent to which these high performance piezocrystals can replace conventional piezoceramics in demanding applications. However, such characterisation requires specific experimental arrangements, examples of which are reported here, along with relevant results. The measurements include high frequency-resolution impedance spectroscopy with the piezocrystal material under mechanical stress 0–60 MPa, temperature 20–200 °C, high electric AC drive and DC bias. A laser Doppler vibrometer and infrared thermal camera are also integrated into the measurement system for vibration mode shape scanning and thermal conditioning with high AC drive. Three generations of piezocrystal have been tested: (I) binary, PMN-PT; (II) ternary, PIN-PMN-PT; and (III) doped ternary, Mn:PIN-PMN-PT. Utilising resonant mode analysis, variations in elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric constants and coupling coefficients have been analysed, and tests with thermal conditioning have been carried out to assess the stability of the piezocrystals under high power conditions.
Formation of Micro- and Nanostructures on the Nanotitanium Surface by Chemical Etching and Deposition of Titania Films by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
Authors: Nazarov Denis , Zemtsova Elena , Valiev Ruslan , Smirnov Vladimir
Published: December 2015

In this study, an integrated approach was used for the preparation of a nanotitanium-based bioactive material. The integrated approach included three methods: severe plastic deformation (SPD), chemical etching and atomic layer deposition (ALD). For the first time, it was experimentally shown that the nature of the etching medium (acidic or basic Piranha solutions) and the etching time have a significant qualitative impact on the nanotitanium surface structure both at the nano- and microscale. The etched samples were coated with crystalline biocompatible TiO2 films with a thickness of 20 nm by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Comparative study of the adhesive and spreading properties of human osteoblasts MG-63 has demonstrated that presence of nano- and microscale structures and crystalline titanium oxide on the surface of nanotitanium improve bioactive properties of the material.
Enrichment and Purification of Polyphenol Extract from Sphallerocarpus gracilis Stems and Leaves and in Vitro Evaluation of DNA Damage-Protective Activity and Inhibitory Effects of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase
Authors: Ma Tingting , Sun Xiangyu , Tian Chengrui , Luo Jiyang , Zheng Cuiping , Zhan Jicheng
Published: December 2015

An efficient preparative separation method for Sphallerocarpus gracilis stems and leaves polyphenols (SGslP) was established in this study. An X-5 macroporous adsorption resin was selected for the purification of the SGslP, and the polyphenol content of the purified SGslP (PSGslP) was increased 5.11-fold from 8.29% to 42.38% after one treatment run. The chemical composition of the PSGslP was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS, and the predominant compounds were found to be luteolin-7-glucoside, acacetin-7-acetyglycoside and its isomers. In addition, the PSGslP was evaluated in vitro to determine the DNA damage-protective activity and inhibitory effects of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The results indicated that the PSGslP exhibited significant protective activities against both ROO• and •OH radical-induced DNA damage. Moreover, the PSGslP exerted a dose-dependent inhibition effect on α-glucosidase but no inhibitory effect on α-amylase. These findings indicate that the Sphallerocarpus gracilis stems and leaves are good natural sources of antioxidants and are potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase activity and are potential anti-diabetic inhibitor.
An Effective Synthesis Method for Tilorone Dihydrochloride with Obvious IFN-α Inducing Activity
Authors: Zhang Junren , Yao Qizheng , Liu Zuliang
Published: December 2015

Tilorone dihydrochloride (1) has great potential for inducing interferon against pathogenic infection. In this paper, we describe a convenient preparation method for 2,7-dihydroxyfluoren-9-one (2), which is a usual pharmaceutical intermediate for preparing tilorone dihydrochloride (1). In the novel method, methyl esterification of 4,4′-dihydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (4) was carried out under milder conditions with higher yield and played an important role in the preparation of compound 2. The structures of the relative intermediates and target compound were characterized by melting point, IR, MS, and 1H-NMR. Furthermore, the synthesized tilorone dihydrochloride exhibited an obvious effect on induction of interferon-α (IFN-α) in mice within 12 h, and the peak level was observed until 24 h. This fruitful work has resulted in tilorone dihydrochloride becoming available in large-scale and wide application in clinics, which has a good pharmaceutical development prospects.
Influence of Branching Density in Ethylene-Octene Copolymers on Electron Beam Crosslinkability
Authors: Svoboda Petr
Published: December 2015

Two ethylene-octene copolymers (EOC) with the same melt flow index (MFI = 3 g/10 min) but different octene contents, being 20 and 35 wt % (EOC-20 and EOC-35), were compared with regard to sensitivity to electron beam crosslinking. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed a large influence of the octene content on the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature (Tg) but a smaller influence of irradiation on the properties below melting point (Tm). Rheology at 150 °C pointed out large differences in samples crosslinked in the 0–60 kGy range and at lower frequencies (0.1–1 Hz). The loss factor tanδ confirmed that before irradiation the two copolymers were very similar, while after irradiation to 120 kGy, the EOC-35 had considerably lower tanδ than EOC-20, which corresponds to a better elasticity (or a higher level of crosslinking). A high-temperature creep test showed a considerably lower creep for EOC with a higher octene content. An analysis of the insoluble gel content exhibited higher values for EOC-35 confirming a higher level of crosslinking. Analysis according to the Charlesby-Pinner equation revealed increased crosslinking-to-scission ratio, G(X)/G(S), for EOC-35. While the G(X) value changed only slightly, a significant decrease in the G(S) value was discovered.
Evidence for Oncolytic Virotherapy: Where Have We Got to and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Turnbull Samantha , West Emma , Scott Karen , Appleton Elizabeth , Melcher Alan , Ralph Christy
Published: December 2015

The last few years have seen an increased interest in immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant disease. In particular, there has been significant enthusiasm for oncolytic virotherapy, with a large amount of pre-clinical data showing promise in animal models in a wide range of tumour types. How do we move forward into the clinical setting and translate something which has such potential into meaningful clinical outcomes? Here, we review how the field of oncolytic virotherapy has developed thus far and what the future may hold.
Positron emission mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Farahati J. , Müller A. G. , Gillman E. , Hentschel M. , Müller F. H. H.
Published: December 2015

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity) of positron emission mammography (PEM) in a single site non-interventional study using the maximum PEM uptake value (PUVmax). Patients, methods: In a singlesite, non-interventional study, 108 patients (107 women, 1 man) with a total of 151 suspected lesions were scanned with a PEM Flex Solo II (Naviscan) at 90 min p.i. with 3.5 MBq 18F-FDG per kg of body weight. In this ROI(region of interest)-based analysis, maximum PEM uptake value (PUV) was determined in lesions, tumours (PUVmaxtumour), benign lesions (PUVmaxnormal breast) and also in healthy tissues on the contralateral side (PUVmaxcontralateral breast). These values were compared and contrasted. In addition, the ratios of PUVmaxtumour / PUVmaxcontralateral breast and PUVmaxnormal breast / PUVmaxcontralateral breast were compared. The image data were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians and compared with histology in cases of suspected carcinoma. Results: Based on a criteria of PUV>1.9, 31 out of 151 lesions in the patient cohort were found to be malignant (21%). A mean PUVmaxtumour of 3.78 ± 2.47 was identified in malignant tumours, while a mean PUVmaxnormal breast of 1.17 ± 0.37 was reported in the glandular tissue of the healthy breast, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean ratio between tumour and healthy glandular tissue in breast cancer patients (3.15 ± 1.58) was found to be significantly higher than the ratio for benign lesions (1.17 ± 0.41, p < 0.001). Conclusion: PEM is capable of differentiating breast tumours from benign lesions with 100% sensitivity along with a high specificity of 96%, when a threshold of PUVmax >1.9 is applied.
A questão nacional do romance Lucíola de José de Alencar
Authors: Maria Rubel Fanini Angela
Published: December 2015

Segundo Antônio Cândido, crítico literário, o Romantismo representa o primeiro movimento decisivo para a Literatura Brasileira porque aí o fenômeno literário se organiza enquanto sistema a partir da tríade autor, obra, público - que unidos o constituem, dando-lhe continuidade, sentido. Além disso, o Romantismo também se apresenta empenhado em criar uma literatura nacional registrando a história e os valores locais a partir de uma ótica idealizante. A crítica romântica passa a valorizar as obras cujo objetivo é constituir uma identidade nacional.

Assim, a "brasilidade” passa a ser critério de excelência para as obras literárias românticas. Refletindo sobre esses fatos, propusemo-nos a analisar como a realidade nacional e os valores importados são abordados e formalizados no romance Lucíola, do escritor romântico José de Alencar. Percebemos em Lucíola a formalizaçãode um cofllito entre o local e o estrangeiro. José de Alencar, ora nitidamente engajado a uma política de valorização e construção de identidade nacional, enaltece o que é local; ora, seduzido pela ordem burguesa, denigre o que é nacional, exaltando os valores importados. Esse conflito reflete bem a cultura oitocentista presente na sociedade carioca (cenário do romance) em que se entrelaçavam e se digladiavam valores opostos: o local cuja realidade era do patriarcalismo, aristocratismo, ruralismo, conservadorismo, escravismo e o importado cuja dimensão era dada pelos valores bur-gueses - liberalismo, industrialismo, espírito revolucionário. Assim, em Lucíola, a dimensão literária, num movimento de aceitação e negação da cor local e do estrangeiro, reflete o universo extraliterário em que forças antagônicas se embatem - a ordem burguesa contra a patriarcal.
NA MORADA DO "INDIFERENTE" DESTINO (Análise do conto "A cartomante" de Machado de Assis)
Authors: Fernandes Weiss Francine
Published: December 2015

"Na morada do "indiferente" Destino" aborda o conto "A cartomante" de Machado de Assis à luz das teorias da recepção. Através de um estudo do processo de composição do narrador no conto, analisa-se o projeto de leitor implícito ao texto machadiano. Discute-se, também, a especialidade da ironia utilizada na construção de ambas as figuras (narrador e leitor implícito): através da mobilidade na focalização o conto vai, sucessivamente, desautorizando a adesão emocional ao texto e solicitando do leitor uma postura crítica em relação à obra literária. A soma de tais processos confere a "A Cartomante" sua indiscutível modernidade. 
Federal Technical High School in the state of Paraná: a syllabus design regarding the teaching of english
Authors: Marques de Souza Marisa
Published: December 2015

This paper has the objective of making some suggestions and comments on the syllabus design regarding the teaching of English for Federal Technical High School Students in the State of Paraná; Reading skills ; Teacher’s role; selecting material ; types of activities and keeping in touch with the teacher from the schools involved in such a kind of teaching.
O PASSADO E A NECESSIDADE DE RUPTURA NO DISCURSO DA IMPRENSA SOBRE A PRIVATIZAÇÃO DAS TELECOMUNICAÇÕES
Authors: Filho Fernando Felício Pachi
Published: December 2015

Este artigo analisa a função da representação do passado no discurso de jornais sobre a privatização das telecomunicações no Brasil. Por meio dos referenciais teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, observamos a inserção do acontecimento da privatização num eixo temporal em que a representação do passado contribui para que a privatização seja considerada uma ruptura, um evento fundador. Isso ocorre porque há reforço do discurso sobre a incapacidade de o Estado de gerir estas empresas, fator que teria levado ao caos nas telecomunicações e prejudicado a vida dos consumidores-cidadãos brasileiros. Alimenta-se assim o imaginário de um passado maléfico para a sociedade, devendo, portanto ser rejeitado em sua continuidade. Por esta razão, promove-se no discurso uma ruptura com este passado, estabelecendo na privatização o símbolo do novo. Naturaliza-se assim um sentido negativo para o passado.
Traço de número e mecanismos de concordância na teoria linguística gerativa
Authors: Ferrari Neto José
Published: December 2015

Este artigo apresenta de forma mais detalhada os diversos tratamentos teóricos que a noção de número gramatical recebeu na Linguística Gerativa, desde o Modelo Padrão de 1965 até as formulações mais atuais do Minimalismo, passando pelas propostas elaboradas no âmbito do Modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros (1981). Discute também os formalismos dedicados à descrição do mecanismo de concordância gramatical de número. O objetivo é mostrar uma visão de conjunto dos vários momentos por que passou o gerativismo, bem como explicitar como os modelos gerativistas evoluíram no tratamento de algumas questões centrais da teoria lingüística.
Aproximações entre semiótica Greimasiana e teoria dos Blocos Semânticos
Authors: Crestani Luciana Maria
Published: December 2015

A Teoria Semiótica Greimasiana (Algirdas Julien Greimas) e a Teoria do Blocos Semânticos (Carel e Ducrot) são ambas teorias semântico-discursivas de base estruturalista. A partir de comparações entre as duas teorias, podem-se perceber algumas semelhanças (ou pelo menos aproximações) entre elas no que tange às formas como propõem a estruturação semântica das unidades mínimas de composição do sentido. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é, a partir da análise da semântica de base de um texto-proposta, tecer aproximações entre a estrutura do nível fundamental da Semiótica e a estrutura dos blocos semânticos da TBS.
Dicionários escolares bilíngues de Língua Espanhola: reflexões sobre obras direcionadas ao aprendiz brasileiro
Authors: Nadin Odair Luiz
Published: December 2015

O ensino de língua espanhola no Brasil é um tema que vem sendo discutido e analisado há alguns anos. Muito se tem refletido sobre as interferências da língua portuguesa no processo de aprendizagem de espanhol; sobre a produção de materiais didáticos; sobre a formação de professores etc. Entretanto, um aspecto importante para a aprendizagem de qualquer língua estrangeira, nesse caso o espanhol, não recebeu ainda a mesma atenção. Trata-se de reflexões teórico-metodológicas sobre a elaboração de dicionários mono e bilíngues de espanhol para estudantes brasileiros. Tem-se, neste artigo, o objetivo de descrever e analisar cinco dicionários bilíngues de espanhol direcionados ao aprendiz brasileiro a partir da dicotomia dicionário ativo/dicionário passivo defendido pela Lexicografia Bilíngue. Primeiramente discorreremos sobre a dicotomia supramencionada para, então, verificar em que medida os dicionários analisados atendem a esses princípios.
Breve espaço entre cor e sombra: o romance da maturidade literária de Cristóvão Tezza
Authors: Monteiro Sueli J.
Published: December 2015

Este estudo pretende demonstrar como, no romance Breve espaço entre cor e sombra , de Cristovão Tezza, é trabalhada a questão das dificuldades que permeiam as mais variadas formas de relacionamento, no espaço estreito das relações humanas, ressaltando mais uma vez o sentimento de inadequação do sujeito sem lugar numa sociedade que o consome paulatinamente. No aspecto formal, essas inquietações ditam o ritmo da técnica da narrativa dupla, ou da inserção de uma história em outra. Neste caso, por meio da alternância de capítulos, há o entrelaçamento de narrativas paralelas e diferentes vozes revelam-se, então, em diálogo ao logo do livro, para compor o romance que marca a maturidade literária de Cristovão Tezza.
Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna, poeta do tempo
Authors: De Carvalho José Murilo
Published: December 2015

Foram esses os primeiros versos que li e ouvi de Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna. Era algum dia do segundo semestre de 1963, eu, aluno do segundo ano do curso de Sociologia e Política da UFMG,em Belo Horizonte, ele formado há um ano pela Faculdade de Letras da mesma universidade. Fora à Reitoria para ver uma exposição de fotos e poemas. Um jovem de 26 anos, dois mais do eu, soube depois, empertigado, vestido com apuro, lia e comentava poemas seus expostos em painéis. O jovem era Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna, os poemas referiam-se ao militante negro Medgar Wiley Evers, que fora assassinado com um tiro nas costas em junho daquele ano em Jackson, Mississipi. Impressionaram-me desde então o estilo do poeta (ou, no jargão dos críticos literários, sua dicção), a economia das palavras, a riqueza das imagens. Não menos impactante foi a paixão que mal se continha na forma às vezes quase telegráfica dos versos.
Função social em “vintém de cobre: meias confissões de aninha”, de Cora Coralina
Authors: E Juarez Poletto Évelin da Silva Krol
Published: December 2015

Este trabalho estuda a poesia de “Vintém de cobre: meias confissões de Aninha”, de Cora Coralina, para verificar como se concretiza a função social da poesia, segundo Eliot, na construção de imagens do Brasil. Para isso se analisa a linguagem e a temática bem como a função da memória na referida obra, que representa a vida comum de seres marginalizados. A autora se utiliza tanto da linguagem da oralidade do meio representado, quanto de recursos mais sofisticados, relativos à sua condição de poeta. Através da reconstrução da memória, mesmo que não seja representação fiel dos fatos, a obra recria o modo de ver o mundo desse grupo social, do qual o eu lírico faz parte. Através da representação ficcional desse modo de vida, da sua linguagem e do modo desse grupo social ver o mundo, Cora Coralina reconta parcela da História do Brasil.
Acordo ortográfico e a questão do hífen nos compostos
Authors: Martins Vicente
Published: December 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo de estudo analisar o processo de lematização dos compostos antes e depois do Acordo Ortográfico (2008). Como aporte teórico e metodológico, recorremos às postulações lexicográficas de José-Alvaro Porto Dapena (2002) e à teoria da composição e de sinapsia em Benveniste (2006). Os resultados nos permitiram observar que, por força do princípio composicionalidade, composto como pé de moleque, formado a partir do lexema pé, passou a ser considerado, pelo Dicionário Houaiss (2009), como unidade fraseológica do tipo locução e não mais como uma simples palavra composta por justaposição.
O letramento e o sociocognitivismo: elementos para uma teoria da resistência
Authors: Butturi Atilio
Published: December 2015

Este texto pretende, a partir de uma abordagem discursiva, fazer uma discussão das teorias de Letramento a partir das concepções da psicologia sociocognitiva, na tentativa de entender uma possibilidade de resistência comum a ambos os discursos. Para tanto, parte-se inicialmente de uma leitura de alguns textos de Vygotski e, finalmente, relaciona-se a complexização de categorias utilizadas pelo russo com a empresa de algumas das vertentes do Letramento, sobretudo aqueles ditos ideológicos, que se voltam para problemáticas como identidade e ética e, assim, descrever a construção de um discurso de resistência microfísica nas teorias de ensino e aprendizagem de língua materna em sua modalidade escrita.
O signo linguístico e o aspecto social no ISD
Authors: Dametto Fabiana Veloso de Melo , Corrêa Marcia Cristina
Published: December 2015

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a abordagem do signo linguístico e do aspecto social, conforme postulado por Ferdinand de Saussure, dentro do modelo de análise de textos proposto pelo Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD), que tem Jean-Paul Bronckart como seu principal teórico. Com esse intuito, será analisada a forma como as principais bases teóricas que sustentam o ISD compreendem a linguagem, o signo linguístico e, consequentemente, o aspecto social dentro de uma perspectiva sócio-histórica. A partir dessa análise, concluímos que o aspecto social dentro da teoria saussureana não é o mesmo dentro das teorias de base do ISD que, apesar de partirem do mesmo conceito de signo linguístico, conforme postulado por Saussure, o entendem de forma mais ampla, pois assumem uma concepção mais heterogênea com relação à dimensão social.
Abordagem cultural na aula de língua estrangeira
Authors: Maristela Pugsley Werner Elisa Novaski e
Published: December 2015

Este artigo levanta alguns questionamentos em relação à importância da abordagem cultural no ensino de línguas estrangeiras modernas. Uma retrospectiva histórica é feita a partir dos anos 1950 sobre a visão e definição de cultura dentro do panorama de ensino de línguas. O texto também considera alguns pontos importantes relativos à abordagem cultural, através da apresentação de questionamentos atuais sobre o assunto, citando exemplos da língua espanhola, na sua maioria. No artigo faz-se, ainda, uma análise do papel da cultura no ensino de língua estrangeira em dois documentos que, na atualidade, servem como principais norteadores para os professores: os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e o Quadro Comum Europeu de Referência para as Línguas: Aprendizagem, Ensino e Avaliação.
Professores de inglês da rede pública paranaense e o ensino da pronúncia
Authors: Denise Kluge Andressa B. Albini e
Published: December 2015

Este artigo objetiva discutir algumas questões relacionadas à importância da pronúncia para professores brasileiros de inglês, tais como: O que os professores pensam sobre este assunto? Os professores de inglês da rede pública deveriam ter conhecimento de Fonética e Fonologia para ensinar inglês? A falta deste conhecimento pode influenciar o aprendizado dos alunos? Os professores tiveram aulas de pronúncia ao longo de sua formação? Os professores têm dificuldade de pronúncia em inglês? Quais? Estes professores consideram sua própria pronúncia importante para seus alunos? Para discutir essas e outras perguntas, um questionário foi desenvolvido e aplicado para um grupo de professores de inglês formados em Letras que trabalham em escolas da rede pública da região metropolitana de Curitiba. Para fins comparativos, o mesmo questionário também foi aplicado a um grupo de professores de inglês de cursos ou escolas particulares e professores universitários. Os resultados apontam as dificuldades, os desafios e a preocupação destes professores de inglês em relação a sua própria pronúncia e ao ensino desta na sala de aula.
NOTAS SOBRE A PRESENÇA DE FERNANDO PESSOA NO BRASIL
Authors: Sparemberger Alfeu
Published: December 2015

Este artigo de revisão traz à consideração, inicialmente, as principais perspectivas de abordagem da obra de Fernando Pessoa, de acordo com a leitura de Eduardo Lourenço. Na sequência apresenta e analisa a trajetória da obra pessoana no Brasil, estabelecendo as linhas básicas da recepção do poeta português. O período considerado estende-se do início do século 20 até o final da década de 40. Para tanto, o texto incorpora as primeiras apreciações críticas da obra de Fernando Pessoa produzidas por críticos portugueses e transcritas em periódicos brasileiros e as primeiras incursões de brasileiros na multifacetada produção do poeta luso. O nome de Fernando Pessoa nunca foi completamente desconhecido no Brasil, mesmo sendo autor de uma obra dispersa em revistas de efêmera duração.
ASPECTOS DA(S) TEORIA(S) DO CONTO EM “OS IRMÃOS DAGOBÉ”, DE GUIMARÃES ROSA
Authors: Bellin Greicy Pinto
Published: December 2015

A partir da leitura de “Os irmãos Dagobé”, de Guimarães Rosa, foi possível identificar uma série de elementos capazes de embasar uma reflexão a respeito do conto enquanto gênero de ficção, considerando os principais autores que discorreram a respeito deste assunto. Com base nestas ideias, a finalidade deste artigo é analisar o conto de Rosa considerando algumas perspectivas teóricas a respeito da ficção curta, iniciando a reflexão a partir das ideias de Edgar Allan Poe, o primeiro autor a sistematizar a reflexão a respeito do conto enquanto forma de ficção, passando por Machado de Assis, Mário de Andrade, Julio Cortázar e o próprio Guimarães Rosa. Assim, será possível perceber que o escritor mineiro constrói “Os irmãos Dagobé” a partir de elementos tanto do conto literário, tais como a unidade de efeito proposta por Poe, quanto das chamadas “formas simples”, tais como as estórias do anedotário popular, aspectos que lhe conferem uma grande originalidade enquanto contista dentro da literatura brasileira.