bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ORIGIN OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS FROM NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia, Serdyukov Yury M.
Published: September 2023

The subject of the article is the idea that religious beliefs are originated from near-death experience. Firstly, it is supported by the existence of a necessary connection between mystical (religious) and near-death experience: 1) the majority of people who have survived clinical death, in their near-death experience have had an experience traditionally considered religious; 2) a clear correla-tion of brain activation in delta-, alpha- and gamma-bands has been established for both groups of near-death and religious experi-ences; 3) near-death and mystical experiences are associated with similar functional changes in the autonomic nervous system. Secondly, it’s corroborated by the correspondence between the complex of near-death experience and religious ideas about the "afterlife". The opposite modalities of subjective reality in the state of clinical death are oniric experiences similar to religious images of Hell and Paradise. Thirdly, it is supported by the origin of the majority of archaic religious ideas from near-death experience: 1) there are numerous direct evidences that religious ideas come from near-death experience; 2) the variability of the genesis of reli-gious ideas from analogs of near-death experience has been recorded; 3) the relationship between shamanic practices and near-death experience has been established.
Evaluation of sedimentation, compatibility and solvent behaviour in terms of operational properties of washing oils.
Authors: Bannikov A.L. , Doroshenko K.O.
Published: September 2023

Currently, coke plants are experiencing a shortage of absorbent oil for capturing benzene hydrocarbons. This forces the companies to limit the capacity of regeneration units, which leads to an increase in oil density. At the same time, the content of substances insoluble in toluene increases in the oil, which creates a complex multicomponent dispersed system. In the case of replenishment of the circulation cycle with light fresh foreign-made oils, which are artificial mixtures of fractions obtained during the distillation of coal tar, there is a risk of precipitation as a result of flocculation of dispersed particles. There is a need to assess the probability of precipitation of the absorbing oil using additional methods. In this paper, evidence of the colloidal structure of the absorbent oil is reviewed, showing its tendency to flocculate when aliphatic solvents and other reagents are added. The ability to form a heterogeneous blot of a mixture of oils and their solvents was evaluated according to the method available in the literature. This method was applied to mixtures of fresh foreignmade absorbent oil and polymers from the benzene department. The results showed the absence of heterogeneous blot formation using this method. An assessment of the spreading area of equivalent drops by volume showed that the deterioration of the properties of fresh oil occurs already at the introduction of 8% of polymers of the benzene department. A mixture of crude benzene components with working absorbent oil forms a heterogeneous spot when 60 % o-xylene is added. This makes it possible to calculate the flocculation coefficient and quantify the effectiveness of measures to improve the quality of recycled oil. The data obtained are consistent with the list of solvents available in the literature that cause and do not cause flocculation of dispersed particles in tar and its fractions. Keywords: washing oil, precipitation, dispersed substances, solvents, flocculation, coagulation. Corresponding author: Artem L. Bannikov, e-mail: artiksmartik@gmail.com
Agreement among Colposcopists on the Identification of Three Digital Images More Frequently Seen in Glandular Cervical Precursor Neoplasias
Authors: Fachetti-Machado Giselle , Figueiredo-Alves Rosane Ribeiro , Moreira Marise Amaral Rebouças , Zanine Rita Maira , Camargo Maria José de , Reis Eliana Pereira dos
Published: September 2023

Background: Global strategies to eliminate cervical cancer will probably be followed by a drop in prevalence of precursor cervical neoplasias, leading to the need of improving colposcopic diagnostic performance that may negatively be affected. The aim of this study was to assess agreement among five colposcopists regarding the presence of three isolated colposcopic images, and different degrees of colposcopic findings. Methods: In this retrospective study, two original colposcopists examined colposcopic images of patients treated between 2005 and 2018, classified them following the International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy terminology, and evaluated them for the presence of obstructed dilated grouped glands, aceto-white villi with invaginated borders fused or not, and atypical vessels in cylindrical epithelium area. Posteriorly, three independent colposcopists also classified those colposcopic findings. The degree of agreement between the findings of the three independent, and the two original colposcopists was assessed using the Kappa (κ) coefficient. Results: Among the 822 included patients, 67.4% had a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 or 3, 6.8% of adenocarcinoma in situ, and 11.8% of CIN 1. The agreement for each image ranged from κ 0.14 to 0.37 (p < 0.001). The highest agreements occurred for aceto-white villi with invaginated borders (κ 0.15–0.37), major (κ 0.29–0.46), and minor (κ 0.14–0.36) colposcopic findings (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: The agreement among the three independent, and the two original colposcopists was statistically significant, ranging from weak to regular for the identification of three isolated colposcopic images, and from weak to moderate for the identification of major and minor colposcopic findings.
Predictive Value of VEGF-C and D Combined with Ultrasound Pathological Features for Nonsentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in SLN-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Li Weifeng , Tang Xinyuan , Wang Zhibin , Xu Liang , Liu Qiuming
Published: September 2023

Background: To explore the predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and D combined with ultrasonic pathological features for nonsentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis in positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) early-stage breast cancer. Methods: To review the clinical data of 170 SLN-positive early breast cancer patients. We examined VEGF-C and D positive expression in cancerous and paraneoplastic tissues and counted ultrasound and pathological features. Results: The rate of VEGF-C and D positivity in cancer tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues (p < 0.05). The rates of VEGF-C and D positivity in the cancer tissues with vascular infiltration, number of SLN positives >2, proportion of SLN positives >0.5, burr sign on ultrasound, and NSLN metastasis were higher than those of patients without vascular infiltration, number of SLN positives ≤2, proportion of SLN positives ≤0.5, no burr sign, and no NSLN metastasis, respectively (p < 0.05). The results also showed that the presence of vascular infiltration and burr sign, a high number of SLN positivity, the percentage of SLN positivity >0.5, VEGF-C and D positivity were all NSLN metastasis independent risk factors for metastasis (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for VEGF-C and D combined with ultrasound and pathological features to predict NSLN metastasis was the highest. Conclusions: The ultrasound and pathological features of SLN-positive early breast cancer patients, such as vascular infiltration, VEGF-C and D positivity, were all independent risk factors for NSLN metastasis, and VEGF-C and D combined with ultrasound and pathological features had high predictive efficacy for NSLN metastasis. It provides reliable indicators to screen for NSLN metastasis in a high-risk group from SLN-positive patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Identification and Analysis of Protein Family Associated with RNA Interference Pathway in Juglandaceae
Authors: Fang Yuanpeng , Wei Jianming , Huang Xin , Li Yunzhou , Pan Xuejun
Published: September 2023

Background: One of the crucial processes for small RNA synthesis and plant disease resistance is RNA interference (RNAi). Dicer-like (DCL), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR), double-stranded RNA binding (DRB), and Argonaute are important proteins implicated in RNAi (AGO). Numerous significant woody plants belong to the Juglandaceae; walnut is one of the four groups of woody plants on earth and one of the four groups of dried fruits. Methods: In order to correlate walnuts and their homologues, this work integrated numerous web resources from structural analysis and transcriptome data collected from gene families in order to elucidate the evolution and functional differentiation of RNA-related proteins in the walnut (Juglans rega) genome. Results: 5 DCL genes, 13 RDR genes, 15 DRB genes, and 15 AGO genes are found in the walnut genome and encode conserved protein domains and motifs with similar subcellular distribution.There are three classes and seven subclasses of walnut AGO proteins. RDRS are primarily split into four categories, whereas DRBs can be divided into six. DCLs are separated into four groups. The walnut RDR1 copy number of 9 is the exception, with 7 of those copies being dispersed in clusters on chromosome 16. Proteins are susceptible to various levels of purification selection, but in walnut, purification selection drives gene creation. These findings also indicated some resemblance in other plants belonging to the walnut family. Under various tissues and stresses, many RNA-related genes in walnut produced abundant, selective expression. Conclusions: In this study, the genome of the Juglandaceae’s DCL, RDR, DRB, and AGO gene families were discovered and analysed for the first time. The evolution, structure, and expression characteristics of these families were also preliminary studied, offering a foundation for the development and breeding of the walnut RNAi pathway.
TP53 Mutations in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhong Leqi , Li Hongmu , Chang Wuguang , Ao Yong , Wen Zhesheng , Chen Youfang
Published: September 2023

The occurrence and development of esophageal cancer involve multiple genetic abnormalities that contribute to the malignant transformation of esophageal epithelial cells, followed by invasion and metastasis, leading to a poor outcome. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histological subtype of esophageal malignancy in East Asia, with approximately half of newly diagnosed ESCC cases occurring in China. The TP53 tumor suppressor gene mutation is one of the most common mutations in ESCC. TP53 mutations are observed even in the early phases of esophageal carcinogenesis. Normal functions of the p53 network are lost in cells of ESCC patients who harbor the mutant TP53 gene, inducing tumor development, radiation resistance, chemotherapy resistance, and immune suppression, promoting progression and metastasis, thereby resulting in an overall poor prognosis. Although clinical trials of several pharmacological compounds targeting mutational TP53 have been explored, novel approaches are still urgently required to improve the observed dismal survival. A better understanding of the role of the mutant TP53 gene in human ESCC might lead to the discovery of innovative targeted therapies to treat this malignancy.
NOTCH Pathway Genes in Ovarian Cancer: Clinical Significance and Associations with Immune Cell Infiltration
Authors: Chen Buze , Jiang Ke'er , Wang Haihong , Miao Lu , Lin Xiaoman , Chen Qing , Jing Li , Lu Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2023

Background: Activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway is associated with tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate NOTCH pathway gene functions and regulatory mechanisms in ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: We conducted a bioinformatics analysis of publicly available datasets in order to identify potential NOTCH-related mechanisms, associated genes, biological pathways, and their relation to immune function. Results: Significant differential expression of the NOTCH pathway genes DLL1, DLL3, DLL4, HES1, HEY1, JAG1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, and NOTCH4 was observed between OC samples and normal controls. Low expression of DLL4 and of NOTCH4 in OC patients was associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (p <0.001 and p = 0.036, respectively), while high expression of NOTCH3 was associated with race (p = 0.039) and age (p = 0.044). JAG2 and NOTCH1 expression were significantly associated with progression-free interval (PFI) (p = 0.011 and p = 0.039, respectively). DLL1 (Hazard Ratio (HR): 2.096; 95% CI: 1.522–2.886, p < 0.001) and NOTCH1 (HR: 0.711; 95% CI: 0.514–0.983, p = 0.039) expression were independently associated with PFI in multivariate analysis. DLL1, DLL3, JAG1, JAG2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 expression could significantly differentiate OC from non-cancer samples. Genes associated with the NOTCH pathway were mainly enriched in five signaling pathways: the NOTCH signaling pathway, breast cancer, endocrine resistance, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and oxidative phosphorylation. The expression of NOTCH pathway genes was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration. Conclusions: NOTCH pathway genes appear to play an important role in the progression of OC by regulating immune cells, endocrine resistance, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and oxidative phosphorylation. JAG2 and NOTCH1 are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of OC.
Impact of Immunosenescence on Viral Infections with an Emphasis on COVID-19
Authors: Murdaca Giuseppe , Paladin Francesca , Martino Gabriella , Gangemi Sebastiano
Published: September 2023

During aging, the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes known as immunosenescence, a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects both natural and acquired immunity and plays an important role in most chronic diseases in older people. Among the determinants of immunosenescence, we find a low-grade sterile chronic inflammation, known as “inflamm-aging”. This condition of chronic inflammation causes a progressive reduction in the ability to trigger antibody and cellular responses effective against infections and vaccinations. In this review, we wanted to explore the role of immunosenescence and inflamm-aging as determinants of the immunological aging process and predisposing viral infections phenomena, with a particular reference to cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), influenza virus (IFV) diseases and SARS-CoV2. IS aging is also reflected in a reduction in the antibody response to vaccinations, hence there is a need to expand trials to elderly patients, in order to identify the most appropriate methods for developing effective and safe vaccination and preventive strategies.
The Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Fecal Flora and Serum Markers of Renal Injury in Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhu Lin , Niu Jie , Tang Xiao-Cun , Shan Li-Hui , Xiao Lan , Wang Yu-Qing , Yin Ling-Yun , Yu Yang-Yang , Li Xin-Ran , Zhou Ping
Published: September 2023

Background: In this study, we analyzed intestinal flora in an experimental mouse model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and investigated whether oral supplementation with probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG could slow the decline in renal function and inflammatory status of mice with CKD. Methods: We surgically induced chronic kidney disease in C57BL/6J male mice aged 8–9 weeks. We used dual-stage 5/6 nephrectomy for this, while the mock group underwent a mock procedure. The experimental (CKD mice) and mock group were administered a daily dose of 10 × 109 colony forming unit (CFU) of probiotic L. rhamnosus GG or 2 g of maltodextrin as a placebo by oral gavage, respectively, for 5 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the fecal samples of the mice were collected and prepared for intestinal microbial diversity analysis. We examined the serum chemistry and renal histology of the mice. Results: Important serum and blood biomarkers were associated with the development of CKD, including increased serum concentrations of creatine, cystatin C, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and a protein—interleukin-6 (denoted as IL-6), whereas decreased serum albumin concentration was also observed in the mice with CKD. The intestinal flora of the mice with CKD significantly declined in terms of diversity, richness, and homogeneity. The consumption of L. rhamnosus GG probiotic via oral gavage significantly decreased the serum concentration level present in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. However, it increased albumin in the group with CKD. After probiotic treatment, serum IL-6 levels dropped considerably, and the kidney histopathology score in mice with CKD who were given L. rhamnosus GG improved. Moreover, supplementation with the probiotic significantly improved floral richness and lineage diversity in the mice with CKD.Conclusions: In this study, we found that probiotics significantly attenuated renal failure development, reduced serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, and increased the abundance and lineage diversity of intestinal flora in mice with chronic kidney disease.
Expediting Multiple Biological Properties of Limonene and α-Pinene: Main Bioactive Compounds of Pistacia lentiscus L., Essential Oils
Authors: El Omari Nasreddine , Mrabti Hanae Naceiri , Benali Taoufiq , Ullah Riaz , Alotaibi Amal , Abdullah Amar Daud Iskandar , Goh Khang Wen , Bouyahya Abdelhakim
Published: September 2023

Background: Screening new natural molecules with pharmacological and/or cosmetic properties remains a highly sought-after area of research. Moreover, essential oils and volatile compounds have recently garnered significant interest as natural substance candidates. In this study, the volatile components of Pistacia lentiscus L. essential oils (PLEOs) isolated from the fruit and its main compounds, alpha-pinene, and limonene, are investigated for antioxidant, antidiabetic, and dermatoprotective activities. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activity was investigated using 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. The antidiabetic and dermatoprotective effects were studied using enzyme inhibitory activities. Results: Antioxidant tests showed that PLEO has the best activity (ranging from 29.64 ± 3.04 to 73.80 ± 3.96 µg/mL) compared to its main selected molecules (ranging from 74 ± 3.72 to 107.23 ± 5.03 µg/mL). The α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays demonstrated that the elements tested have a promising antidiabetic potential with IC50values ranging from 78.03 ± 2.31 to 116.03 ± 7.42 µg/mL and 74.39 ± 3.08 to 112.35 ± 4.92 µg/mL for the α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays, respectively, compared to the standard drug. For the tyrosinase test, we found that the EOs (IC50 = 57.72 ± 2.86 µg/mL) followed by limonene (IC50 = 74.24 ± 2.06 µg/mL) and α-pinene (IC50 = 97.45 ± 5.22 µg/mL) all exhibited greater inhibitory effects than quercetin (IC50 = 246.90 ± 2.54 µg/mL). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the biological activities of PLEO, as well as its main compounds, make them promising candidates for the development of new strategies aimed at improving dermatoprotection and treating diseases associated with diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress.
Molecular Characterization of Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Different Ethnic Groups of Blood Donors in Mauritania
Authors: Taleb Mariem , Bakour Meryem , Brahim Aminetou Taleb , Ghaber Sidi Mohamed , Abdem Seyid Abdellahi Ebnou , Mohamed Aminetou , Lyoussi Badiaa
Published: September 2023

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most frequent enzymopathy worldwide; it is a genetic disorder that affects red blood cells and causes hemolysis. Here, we conducted a study on G6PD-deficient subjects in Mauritania to evaluate the molecular characteristics associated with a deficiency in this enzyme and the frequency of nucleotide polymorphisms in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Method and Materials: A total of 943 blood samples were collected from blood donors (803 males and 140 females; 364 white Moors; 439 black Moors; 112 Pulaar; 18 Wolof; 10 Soninke). All blood samples were analyzed using a rapid screening test. G6PD status was analyzed quantitatively by the Randox G6PD test. Samples deficient in G6PD were extracted from the whole blood samples and subjected to DNA genotyping. The most frequent G6PD variants were determined by two molecular techniques: restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multiplex PCR using the GENESPARK G6PD African kit. A total of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (G202A, A376G, A542T, G680T, C563T, and T968C) were identified. Results: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in this population sample was 8.1%. The most common mutation was A376G/202A and was characterized by the G6PD A-phenotype, which is more common in the G6PD-deficient black Moors population. The wilaya in Nouakchott was the most affected among the 13 wilayas studied. Conclusions: This study shows, for the first time, the presence of the G680T mutation.
Early Addition of Evolocumab to Statin Treatment in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Multivessel Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zhang Yahao , Zhang Anjian , Wu Yong , Zhang Yanghui , Hu Weiwei , Chen Penglei , Chen Kui , Ding Jiandong
Published: September 2023

Background: Evolocumab has been demonstrated to significantly reduce ischemic cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease. However, it is currently unclear whether this benefit extends to patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and multivessel disease (MVD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The objective of this study was to assess the safety, efficacy and feasibility of the early addition of evolocumab to statin treatment for ACS patients with MVD undergoing PCI. Methods: The authors conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study involving 1199 ACS patients with MVD undergoing PCI and with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Patients were divided into an evolocumab group or a standard-of-care group based on evolocumab use or not. The 18-month primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of ischemic stroke, death from cardiac causes, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), unplanned coronary revascularization or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. The principal secondary efficacy endpoint was a composite of ischemic stroke, death from cardiac causes or recurrent MI. Results: After propensity score matching, the addition of evolocumab to statin treatment lowered LDL-C levels by 42.62% compared with statin therapy alone at 18 months, from a mean baseline level of 3.37–0.75 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Relative to standard therapy, evolocumab added to statins was associated with significant reductions in the primary efficacy endpoint (8.3% vs. 13.3%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.91; p = 0.017) and the principal secondary efficacy endpoint (6.1% vs. 10.2%; adjusted HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.99; p = 0.048) after multivariable Cox regression adjustment. The treatment effect of evolocumab was consistent across all prespecified subgroups. There were no significant between-group differences in terms of adverse events. Conclusions: In ACS patients with MVD taken for PCI, early initiation of evolocumab along with statin treatment was associated with a significant reduction in LDL-C levels and a reduced risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ChiCTR2000035165. Date: 2 August 2020. URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/.
Spiked Helmet Sign: An Uncommon Electrocardiographic Marker
Authors: Wang Guangqiang , Zhong Shu , Chu Hongxia , Zhong Lin
Published: September 2023

The spiked helmet sign (SHS) is a rare electrocardiographic marker associated with an increased risk of lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at reviewing recent research progress on this electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern to summarize its electrophysiological mechanisms, epidemiological features, clinical characteristics, and clinical significance. SHS formation is attributed to sympathetic hyperactivity, which mediates increased dispersion of ventricular repolarization, leading to marked QT prolongation and macroscopic T-wave alternans. This pattern can be observed in critically ill patients with cardiac or noncardiac conditions. In particular, immediate identification of this ECG abnormality is crucial in recognizing and treating noncardiac conditions in older male patients.
The Association between Serum Creatinine/Cystatin C Ratio and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: Insights from NHANES
Authors: Shi Jianli , Wu Yufeng , Zhu Shiyu , Xie Yao , Xiang Meixiang
Published: September 2023

Background: The Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio (Cr/CysC ratio) is an emerging alternative index for muscle mass loss, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the association between the Cr/CysC ratio and CVD morbidity and mortality remains unknown. Methods: A total of 11,150 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between the Cr/CysC ratio and self-reported CVD morbidity. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the Cr/CysC ratio for CVD mortality. Results: At baseline, 1181 (7.90%) participants had self-reported CVDs. Lower Cr/CysC ratios were found in participants with CVDs (1.18 ± 0.30 vs. 1.05 ± 0.23, p < 0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression model, the Cr/CysC ratio was inversely linked to CVD morbidity (odds ratio: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52–0.81, p < 0.001, per standard deviation [SD] increase). 997 (8.94%) CVD deaths were documented during a median follow-up of 16.9 years. A higher Cr/CysC ratio was associated with a decreasing risk of CVD mortality (adjusted HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.46–0.65, p < 0.001, per SD increase). Conclusions: In NHANES participants, the Cr/CysC ratio had an inverse correlation with CVD morbidity and mortality.
MYELOPEROXIDASE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH SILICOSIS
Authors:   Tashkent Medical Academy, Agzamova G.S. , Abdieva Y.A. , Abdullayeva M.M.
Published: September 2023

The level of occupational morbidity among workers in the mining industry continues to be one of the highest on average in the country. The article presents the most common occupational diseases of the lungs, the risk of occurrence and features of the course in mining workers. A number of issues on this issue remain little studied, in this regard, a differentiated approach is needed to study working conditions in, based on real production situations, using a wide range of biomedical and immunological indicators of the health status of workers, a probabilistic assessment of the negative consequences of exposure to working environment factors on the health of workers in this sector. In the control group (20 people), the amount of myeloperoxidase in serum was 2.2±0.28%; in the first stage of silicosis, the amount of myeloperoxidase in serum was 2.62±0.14%; in the second stage of silicosis, the amount of myeloperoxidase in serum was 6.63±0.21%; in the third stage of silicosis, the amount of myeloperoxidase in serum was 13.71±1.07%.
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF SAFE LEVELS OF WILDFIRE SMOKE EXPOSURE
Authors:   FSBSI «East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research», Vokina V.A.
Published: September 2023

The impact of wildfire smoke is associated with a number of consequences for human health, however, the issues of the negative impact of wildfire smoke on the indicators of the central nervous and reproductive systems remain poorly understood. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on outbred male white rats exposed to inhalation exposure to natural fire smoke under experimental modeling conditions in 8 different modes, differing in duration and level of exposure to CO and PM2.5. After the end of the exposure, a study of the morphofunctional state of the central nervous and reproductive systems was carried out, the total exposure load of CO and PM2.5 and its relationship with the studied parameters in rats were calculated. Results. The data obtained indicate that combustion products released during natural fires can have a negative impact on behavioral parameters, EEG, brain tissue morphology, and also have a reprotoxic effect, contributing to the inhibition of the process of spermatogenesis, reducing the survival of offspring and disrupting their behavior. A linear relationship was found between the total exposure load and the severity of CNS and reproductive system disorders. Conclusion. Experimental modeling of intoxication with wildfire smoke under conditions of different duration and intensity of exposure made it possible to establish safe exposure levels for the central nervous system and reproductive system.
PREVALENCE OF LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF COVID‑19 AMONG MEDICAL WORKERS EMPLOYED IN COVID CLINICS AND LABORATORIES
Authors:   NPJSC «Medical University of Karaganda», Amanbekova A.U. , Grebeneva O.V. , Shadetova A.Zh.
Published: September 2023

Coronavirus infections are characterized by a high risk of spreading in medical institutions, and health workers may become infected with coronavirus while performing work duties. This article examines the prevalence of the occurrence and persistence of a number of symptoms in medical workers after acute COVID‑19, and examines the impact of the consequences on the quality of life of those who have been ill. The main, primary complaints during hospitalization were: fever, cough, general weakness, sore throat, headache, shortness of breath, sweating, low saturation, which was confirmed by a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS‑CoV‑2. The probability of pneumonia of varying severity in medical workers increased in the presence of a history of chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system (OR=2.13/0.5:12.7), respiratory system (OR=1.34/0.2:17.4) or pyelonephritis (OR=3.18/0.5:38.2). In 19.3±4.2% of the ill medical workers, there was a general decrease in the quality of life after the end of the disease, which was expressed in the persistence of chest and joint pain, shortness of breath, asthenia, weight loss, memory impairment, which are the basis for referral to rehabilitation in specialized clinics for post-COVID.
EMPLOYEES OF NUCLEAR SHIP REPAIR ENTERPRISES HEALTH PRESERVATION PREVENTIVE MEASURES SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT DIRECTIONS
Authors:   FSBSI «Research institute of industrial and maritime medicine of Federal medical biological agency», Baltrukova T.B. , Kozhukhova N.A. , Arefjeva D.V.
Published: September 2023

The specifics of the repair of nuclear facilities of marine equipment are determined by the technical condition and conditions of the previous operation of each repaired object. 52 In the course of work, unforeseen situations may occur that require non-standard decisions. The impact on personnel of increased levels of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors can lead to an increase in morbidity, an increase in the level of labor loss, a reduction in labor productivity and professional longevity of qualified specialists, which will significantly reduce the potential of the workforce of strategic industrial enterprises. The purpose of the study: to substantiate the directions of improving the system of preventive measures to preserve the health of employees of nuclear ship repair enterprises. Materials and methods: the analysis of working conditions, a retrospective analysis of occupational morbidity and morbidity with temporary disability, identified medical contraindications for the admission of personnel of a large nuclear ship repair enterprise to work under the influence of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors. Results: It is established that the personnel of the enterprise are exposed to the combined effects of production factors of physical (including ionizing radiation) and chemical nature. Professional activity in these conditions causes morbidity with temporary disability mainly among specialists of the main professions. It has been established that the structure of occupational morbidity is represented by the following nosologies: occupational sensorineural hearing loss, vibration disease, diseases of the peripheral nervous system and musculoskeletal system. The structure of the main medical contraindications that were the reasons for the removal of personnel from work under the influence of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors is determined. Conclusion: based on the analysis of the results of the study, directions for improving preventive measures are proposed.
ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN THE CORE PERSONNEL OF COPPER SMELTERS
Authors:   FBSI «Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers» of Rospotrebnadzor, Belomestnova O.V. , Drugova O.G. , Tazhigulov T.T.
Published: September 2023

A high social significance of cardiovascular diseases primarily attributed to the loss of labor potential justifies the relevance of work aimed at prediction, diagnosis and prevention of the risk of developing these diseases in the working population. The article presents the results of assessing adaptation reserves of the cardiovascular system in the core personnel of copper smelters located in the Sverdlovsk Region. Elevated blood pressure was detected already in young, 30 to 40‑year-old workers, including both experienced and new ones, which may be associated with activation of adaptive mechanisms at the beginning of the career and their further disruption induced by long-term exposure to occupational hazards posing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and their adverse outcomes. Only 25% of the examined workers had satisfactory adaptation, the rest had unsatisfactory one (25%), strained mechanisms (~40%), and disruption (~9%). The state of adaptation reserves of the workers was influenced by both work experience and age characteristics and overweight (p<0.01). The reduced adaptation reserves were also associated with impairments in the respiratory system and coordination (p<0.01). Observed trends show the necessity of developing appropriate measures of cardiovascular disease prevention not only for experienced workers, but also for the beginners in order to maintain adaptation mechanisms and reduce potential risks of cardiovascular diseases.
THEOREMS ON THE NUMBER OF ROOTS OF A CUBIC EQUATION AND THEIR LOCATION AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS' VISUAL THINKING
Authors: Abdiyeva Shoira , Turgunbaev Riskeldi
Published: September 2023

Formulation of the problem. The basis of teaching mathematics is logical thinking, (which is associated with) based on the work of the left hemisphere. In scientific and methodological research, the volume of work related to the issue of organizing learning by coordinating the work of both the left and right hemispheres is increasing, that is, the development of other types of thinking, especially visual, along with logical thinking. Proposals have been developed on the methodology for the development of visual thinking of students in mathematics lessons. However, when studying the basics of algebra and analysis, improving the methodology for developing visual thinking and developing teaching materials for extracurricular activities are also urgent tasks.

Materials and methods. The research materials are pedagogical, methodical literature, experience of foreign and domestic scientists. In the process of research, empirical methods (observation, verification, experiment), general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, concretization, systematization, generalization) were used. The method of reverse proof was used to prove the theorems.

Results. The study of graphs of a cubic function helps to build and prove hypotheses about the number of real roots of a cubic equation and their location, and makes it possible to clearly demonstrate the use of visual thinking.

Conclusions. Educational material on the location of the roots of a cubic equation helps to develop the visual thinking of students, to formulate visual tasks for students. These visual tasks serve as a means of organizing the mathematical activity of students. It helps readers understand how theorems are created and how to look for proofs. It also shows the relationship between the discriminant of a cubic equation and the product of the extreme values of the corresponding cubic function. We recommend studying the location of the roots of the cubic equation for high school students in maths club training.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТОДУ МОНТЕ-КАРЛО У НАВЧАННІ СТОХАСТИКИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ УЧИТЕЛІВ МАТЕМАТИКИ ДО ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ STEM-ОСВІТИ
Authors: Крамаренко Тетяна
Published: September 2023

Формулювання проблеми. Актуальною проблемою в освіті є запровадження STEM-навчання. Методика підготовки учителів математики (014 Середня освіта. Математика) в контексті реалізації STEM-освіти потребує удосконалення. Наскрізне використання методу Монте-Карло у навчанні стохастики є engineering-інструментом, успішне опанування яким сприятиме інтеграції знань та умінь здобувачів освіти з математики та інформатики, підготовці учителів до впровадження STEM-підходів у навчанні математики. Метою статті є висвітлення доробку автора з питання впровадження STEM-підходів у навчанні стохастики.
Матеріали і методи. В роботі використані теоретичні й емпіричні методи дослідження: аналіз для уточнення тезаурусу дослідження; аналіз наукових джерел для визначення важливих напрямків, на яких варто зосередити увагу для формування STEM-компетентностей здобувачів освіти; синтез, спостереження за освітнім процесом; систематизація й узагальнення результатів дослідження; використання статистичного критерію для визначення зсуву у значеннях ознаки (критерій Вілкоксона).
Результати. Наскрізне використання методу Монте-Карло у навчанні стохастики позитивно впливає на рівень навчальних досягнень здобувачів освіти та їх готовність до впровадження STEM-підходів у навчанні учнів.
Висновки. Застосування методу Монте-Карло як engineering-інструменту зміщує акценти навчання з теоретичної в експериментальну площину. У ході дослідження встановлено, що наскрізне використання методу Монте-Карло у навчанні стохастики позитивно впливає на рівень навчальних досягнень здобувачів освіти. Експериментально підтверджено підвищення рівня готовності майбутніх учителів до подальшого впровадження STEM-підходів у навчанні учнів.
КОМП’ЮТЕРНА МОДЕЛЬ КОЛА ПОСТІЙНОГО СТРУМУ У ВІРТУАЛЬНОМУ ФІЗИЧНОМУ ПРАКТИКУМІ
Authors: Савчук Варфоломій , Романець Олена
Published: September 2023

Формулювання проблеми. Вивчення та закріплення навчального матеріалу з фізики базується на експериментах. Останні, в умовах дистанційного навчання, досить важко реалізувати. Сучасні інформаційні технології дозволяють здійснити таку реалізацію. В статті в якості прикладу розглянуто використання комп’ютерної симуляції при вивченні кола постійного струму в умовах дистанційного навчання.
Матеріали і методи. Постановка проблеми та її вирішення спирається на матеріали навчальних програм з фізики для 10-11 класів загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів, програми з фізики бакалаврського рівня для закладів вищої освіти з фізико-технічних спеціальностей та спеціальності 014.08., матеріали науково-педагогічних та науково-методичних джерел, в яких розглядаються питання, дотичні до проведеного дослідження. Були використані також матеріали ресурсів з комп’ютерних симуляцій, зокрема з сайту інтерактивних симуляцій phet.
Результати. Аналіз використаних матеріалів визначив комплекс експериментальних робіт фізичного практикуму з електрики, варіативність завдань у яких надавала можливість використовувати їх в різних форматах навчання (як в старших класах середньої загальноосвітньої школи, так і на молодших курсах бакалаврського рівня). Із застосуванням комп’ютерної симуляції з сайту інтерактивних симуляцій phet в якості прикладу розглянуто навчальний експеримент «Дослідження постійного струму, корисної потужності та к. к. д. джерела струму».
Висновки. Використання інтерактивної симуляції при вивченні теми «Закон Ома для повного кола. Потужність постійного струму» дозволяє змоделювати зазначений фізичний експеримент і використати його результати для обґрунтування низки теоретичних положень за темою, що вивчається. Розроблене методичне забезпечення виконання експерименту дозволяє використовувати його на різних рівнях навчання фізики. Перспективним є створення комплексу лабораторних робіт за різними розділами курсу загальної фізики, що базуються на використанні комп’ютерних симуляцій, та розробка методичного забезпечення їх виконання.
Radiotherapy for bone metastases: indications, methods, and possibilities
Authors:   Department of Radiotherapy I, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland, Spałek Mateusz J. ,   Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Bone metastases (BM) are a significant challenge in the advanced stages of various cancers, leading to debilitating symptoms and decreased quality of life for patients. Radiotherapy (RT ) plays a crucial role in managing BM by alleviating symptoms and improving local tumour control. RT for bone metastases has undergone substantial scientific and technological advancements, with external beam RT (EBRT ) being the primary approach. Advanced modalities such as intensity modulated RT (IMRT ) and stereotactic body RT (SBRT ) have revolutionised treatment precision, resulting in improved outcomes and reduced toxicities. This narrative review aims to present the current state-of-the-art role of RT in the multidisciplinary management of patients with BM. Spinal metastases are often associated with neurological disorders, pain, and fractures. Palliative EBRT provides pain relief but – lacks sufficient local efficacy. SBRT , with its high local efficacy and tolerability, is recommended for selected cases, including previous radiation or adjuvant treatment after surgical treatment. Qualification for SBRT involves multidisciplinary collaboration and considerations of performance status, cancer progression, and available treatment options. Pathological fractures significantly impact patient performance and quality of life. Early identification of high-risk lesions using tools like the SINS scale for spinal stability and the Mirels scoring system for fracture risk assessment in long bones is crucial. Preventive surgical treatment, including prophylactic stabilisation, is recommended for impending fractures. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach involving radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and surgeons is crucial for developing optimal treatment plans for patients with BM. With the advancements in oncology, effective local therapy can improve patients’ chances of continuing systemic treatment and enhance their quality of life.
Russian as a foreign language in the field of professional communication: innovations, problems, prospects
Authors: Kulik Alla , Tekucheva Irina , Gromova Liliya , Boldova Tatyana , Masyuk Marina
Published: September 2023

Today, more and more foreign students are choosing Russia as a place of study and work. In this regard, there is a need to teach Russian as a foreign language (RCT) to achieve high results in professional communication. In this article we will consider various methods of teaching RCTs, adaptation programs for foreign students and citizens, as well as digital RCTs courses. The purpose of h article is to consider the importance of RCT in professional communication and to explore various aspects of RCT training, including methods, programs and perspectives.
A systematic review of performance measurement systems and their relevance to social enterprises
Authors: Cosa Marcello , Urban Boris
Published: September 2023

Social enterprises (SEs) aim to optimise social value and financial performance, posing unique challenges for performance measurement. While performance measurement systems (PMSs) have been extensively studied in for-profit firms, they have not been widely taken up in SEs, potentially reflecting perceived difficulties in balancing social and financial goals. To better understand the evolution of the adoption, use, and effectiveness of PMSs in SEs, we conducted a systematic review encompassing 24 papers identified through comprehensive searches in Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO. Through thematic analysis, we classified the scholarly research into three key themes: ‘adoption’, ‘usability’, and ‘effectiveness’. Overall, our study confirmed that PMS uptake in SEs has been limited. We identified multiple barriers, but among the most prominent reasons were a lack of sufficient financial or human resources to implement them and cultural barriers whereby social entrepreneurs seek to distance themselves from seemingly traditional business practices. Future research should focus on practical applications of these tools in addressing specific social entrepreneurship sectors’ challenges.
Adaptive introgression from local cultivars is a driver of agricultural adaptation in Argentinian weedy rice
Authors: Presotto Alejandro , Hernández Fernando , Vercellino Román Boris , Kruger Raúl Daniel , Fontana María Laura , Ureta María Soledad , Crepy María , Auge Gabriela , Caicedo Ana
Published: September 2023

Weedy rice, a pervasive and troublesome weed found across the globe, has often evolved through feralization of rice cultivars. In the South American Southern Cone region, rice breeding has a contemporary history and weedy rice has been reported as an important constraint since early 1970s; however the origin and genetic composition of Argentinian weedy rice has not been explored so far. To study this, we used genotyping-by-sequencing to generate genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and compared Argentinian weedy rice with whole-genome data from strains, rice cultivars and wild rice accessions from regions worldwide. In addition, we conducted a comprehensive seed and phenological characterization, and performed an herbicide resistance screening, taking into account mutations in the ALS gene observed in the Argentinian weedy rice collection. Our results revealed large variability in seed traits and flowering time in Argentinian weedy rice. Additionally, most strains were resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides with a high frequency of the ALS mutation (A122T), which is also present in Argentinian rice cultivars. Cultivated rice varieties in Argentina belonged to the three major groups: japonica, indica and aus. In contrast, Argentinian weedy rice strains were mostly aus and aus-indica hybrids, resembling cultivars and weedy rice strains from the Southern Cone region. Our findings suggest that Argentinian weedy rice descends from aus weeds, presumably from the United States, which contemporaneously hybridized with local indica cultivars. The observed genetic similarities within the Southern Cone region can be attributed to the continuous exchange of breeding germplasm and cultivars, which, in turn, facilitated the dissemination of weedy rice strains.