bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the origin of goods
Authors: Elfimova Ol'ga , Lyudmila Sergeevna , Oksana Evgen'evna
Published: January 2023

The textbook outlines the issues that reveal the importance of determining the origin of goods for customs regulation. The analysis of international treaties and agreements regulating the procedure for determining the origin of goods for customs purposes, as well as the specifics of the application of the rules of origin of goods in world practice, is carried out. The article examines the modern practice of determining the origin of goods in the Eurasian Economic Union, issues of control over the legality of the application of tariff preferences, the basis for the provision of which is the correct determination of the origin of goods. The questions for self-control and tasks for independent work are given.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of the specialty 38.05.02 "Customs", it may be useful for declarants, specialists in customs operations.
Databases: Design and development of information systems using MySQL DBMS and Go language
Authors: Martishin Sergey , Simonov Vladimir , Hrapchenko Marina
Published: January 2023

The tutorial is intended for studying and creating databases and information systems and applications using the MySQL database management system and the Go programming language. The book consistently introduces students to the installation and development of the MySQL Workbench workspace for working with MySQL DBMS; the basics of MySQL server administration; designing ER models in MySQL Workbench. The basics of the Go language are given. The creation of a project in the Go language is being considered. For the convenience of working with the textbook, program codes are placed in the cloud storage of the electronic library system of the publishing house "Znanium".
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and professional standards.
For students, bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates and specialists studying in the specialties and areas of training: "Computer Science and Computer Engineering", "Information systems and technologies", "Software Engineering", "Applied Mathematics and Computer Science", "Management in technical systems", "Business Informatics", "Pedagogical education", as well as for all persons engaged in the design of modern databases, information systems, the creation of mobile and Internet applications based on the MySQL database management system and the Go programming language.
Ways and means of ensuring continuity of education between a school and a military university (based on the material of mathematics and computer science)
Authors: Rodionov Mihail , Guseva Ekaterina , Shabanov Gennadiy , Budkin Evgeniy , Kapkaeva Lidiya
Published: January 2023

The monograph builds a model of profiling the education of schoolchildren based on the implementation of an integrated elective course of military engineering orientation. The main means of ensuring the effective functioning of this model is a system of educational military-applied tasks, the solution of which is carried out with the help of a certain mathematical apparatus using computer support.
It is shown that an important factor in the implementation of the continuity of relations between the school and the military university is the effective adaptation of junior cadets to the conditions of university education. Accordingly, the adaptive capabilities of the creative educational environment of the military university are revealed.
For students (cadets), postgraduates (adjuncts) and teachers of military and pedagogical universities, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in military training.
Anglo-Saxons: falsification of political history (experience of historical hermeneutics)
Authors: Karabuschenko Pavel , Vartumyan Arushan
Published: January 2023

The monograph is the result of a long-term study of the problem of falsification of Anglo-Saxon history, which was conducted by its political elites as part of their professional activities. Falsification plays the role of an informational "UFO" in the field of historical knowledge — many people talk about it, while little understanding the real nature of its essence. There are fakes in all national histories, and the largest number of them are found in those countries whose elites claim world domination, since it is simply impossible to exercise such domination without lies.
Falsification is a symbol of the decline of the political system that cannot tell the truth about itself. Using the example of the history of the Anglo—Saxons, we see this phenomenon as a kind of constant - they cannot tell the truth about themselves (due to the gravity of the crime committed), and it does not always work out beautifully (due to the limited imagination of a particular forger). In general, we have the right to talk about a whole school of historical falsifiers of the political history of Great Britain. Where there are crimes, there is also falsification as a desire to present what happened in a favorable light for the authorities (the ruling elite).
It is intended for everyone who is interested in the issues of combating authenticity with falsification in political history.
Application of nuclear and radiation technologies in medicine
Authors: Anohin Yuriy , Narkevich Boris , Shimanovskiy Nikolay
Published: January 2023

The textbook contains information on new technologies of radiation diagnostics and therapy of oncological diseases, new and promising therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, new directions in nuclear medicine in Russia and in developed foreign countries, as well as on the coordination of efforts of international organizations to maintain and improve the health of the population of different countries.
The active activity of the Rosatom State Corporation on the introduction and development of programs for the non-energy use of nuclear and radiation technologies to improve the health of the world's population, as well as training and training programs for high-tech medicine, combating widespread epidemic diseases, improving health systems in Russia and developing countries is shown.
The basic nuclear-physical and therapeutic-diagnostic requirements for radionuclides and radiopharmaceutical drugs used in nuclear medicine are described. Information on the clinical application of new therapeutic and diagnostic tools developed in Russia for the needs of nuclear medicine is presented. In a comparative aspect, a brief description of educational programs of academic training of specialists for high-tech medicine in Russia and developed countries is given.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation 03.04.02 "Physics" (profile "Medical physics", educational programs "Medical physics of nuclear medicine"
and "Medical physics of radiation diagnostics and therapy") and 30.05.02 "Medical biophysics".
It is intended for students of master's programs and postgraduates of various specialties — biomedical, physico-chemical, biological, environmental, pharmaceutical. It can be useful for university teachers, as well as for specialists in the application of nuclear and radiation technologies, developers of new methods, systems and technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in humans.
Migration potential of Russian regions and prospects of the Single Eurasian labor market
Authors: Galas Marina , Goroshnikova Tat'yana , Fedorova Irina , Lokosov Vyacheslav , Popov Viktor , Sillaste Galina
Published: January 2023

The monograph examines migration processes in the Russian Federation, the use of foreign experience for their regulation. The authors have developed the principles of inclusion of foreign citizens in the social and economic development of regions, methods of using the social order tool in the implementation of the tasks of the state migration policy, methodology for determining the migration potential of Russian regions. Important results of the work were: the author's methodology for assessing the social and economic inclusion of foreign workers in the migration-attractive regions of the Russian Federation; ranking the regions of the Russian Federation by classes of migration attractiveness using mathematical methods of operations research; recommendations on the use of an organized recruitment mechanism to attract foreign workers to work in Russia.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities and faculties, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in migration processes.
Economic crises and their impact on the Russian economy
Authors: Malkina Marina , Ovcharov Anton , Balakin Rodion , Vinogradova Anna , Grinevich Yuliya , Lavrov Sergey , Mazin Aleksandr , Maramygin Maksim
Published: January 2023

The monograph is devoted to a comprehensive study of modern economic crises. The theories of cycles and crises are considered, the methodology and applied methods of crisis research are revealed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the impact of crises on the development of the Russian economy.
For researchers and teachers, students and postgraduates of higher educational institutions, employees of public authorities, managers and specialists of enterprises, for everyone interested in the current state and prospects of development of the Russian economy.
Sensory analysis of food products at the enterprises of the food industry, trade and public catering
Authors: Zavorohina Nataliya , Golub Ol'ga , Poznyakovskiy Valeriy , Motovilov Konstantin , Kantere Vilen
Published: January 2023

The textbook presents the psychophysiological foundations of sensory perception, the peculiarities of the formation of tasting commissions, the methodology of expert sensory analysis, methods of tasting analysis, requirements for tasting scales.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for undergraduate students studying in the areas of training 38.03.07 "Commodity science", 19.03.04 "Product technology and catering organization", 38.03.06 "Trade business", 19.03.01 "Food biotechnology" and other profiles of the food industry. It is of practical interest to specialists engaged in the field of quality control and food safety.
KKS – KKS-R22 – KSS-22 – trzy kwestionariusze do badania samorealizacji
Authors: Rubacha Krzysztof
Published: January 2023

Prezentowany podręcznik zawiera dane o podstawach teoretycznych oraz właściwościach psychometrycznych trzech kwestionariuszy do pomiaru samorealizacji. Jest to także raport z prac empirycznych, będących podstawą tych kwestionariuszy, które były prowadzone od 1990 do 2022 roku. Pierwsza wersja narzędzia (Krótki Kwestionariusz Samorealizacji – KKS) była oparta na teorii syndromu samorealizacji Abrahama Maslowa i została opublikowana w 1991 roku. Od tego momentu nieprzerwanie prowadzono badania za pomocą KKS. Część ich wyników stała się podstawą do rewizji psychometrycznej narzędzia, która w 2022 roku doprowadziła do nieznacznej korekty kwestionariusza (KKS-22), nie zaburzając struktury jego wskaźników. Fakt ten zbiegł się z zakończeniem prac nad nowym kwestionariuszem do badania stylów samorealizacji (KSS-22), który pozwala zdiagnozować styl skoncentrowany na: akceptacji siebie, akceptacji innych, rozwiązywaniu konfliktów wewnętrznych, rozwiązywaniu konfliktów społecznych. Podręcznik opisuje także jego podstawy teoretyczne oraz właściwości psychometryczne i zawiera arkusze z kluczami do obliczania wyników.
El director creativo gamer como nuevo perfil publicitario: los videojuegos como principales soportes publicitarios.
Authors: Vázquez Isabel , Rodríguez Marina , Caerols Raquel
Published: January 2023

La publicidad se transforma en paralelo a las nuevas tecnologías, uniéndose a ellas como nuevos aliados y formatos en los que desarrollar la creatividad. Las agencias y sus estructuras son un reflejo de dichas transformaciones en la comunicación y en la sociedad. En este contexto empiezan a surgir dentro de estas agencias nuevas unidades de negocio, así como nuevos perfiles creativos. En esta investigación, mediante la metodología de estudio de caso, analizamos la nueva unidad de negocio denominada G\G de la agencia creativa internacional TBWA en la que los procesos creativos, así como sus directores están enfocados al desarrollo de campañas en las que el mundo de los videojuegos y todo el contexto que los rodea, son el foco en las acciones creativas que realizan, cambiando así los entandares de procesos creativos preexistentes hasta el momento, surgiendo perfiles de directores creativos que combinan el gaming con la dirección de arte y la escritura creativa.
General Motors Optimizes Vehicle Content for Customer Value and Profitability
Authors: Wu-Smith Peiling , Keenan Philip T. , Owen Jonathan H. , Norton Andrew , Kamm Kelly , Schumacher Kathryn M. , Fenyes Peter , Kiggins Don , Konkel Philip W. , Rosen William , Schmitter Kurt , Sheremet Sharon , Yochim Laura
Published: January 2023

General Motors (GM) vehicles have more than 100 customer-facing features, known as vehicle content. Decisions about how to package and price these features have a significant impact on our customers’ experiences and on GM’s business results. Vehicle features are assigned as standard, optional, or unavailable on different trim levels, resulting in an enormous combinatorial solution space. Vehicle content optimization (VCO) combines customer market research, discrete choice models, and custom multiobjective nonlinear optimization algorithms to optimize vehicle contenting and pricing decisions. VCO comprehends complex dynamics and tradeoffs and allows GM to optimally balance customer preferences and profitability. After six years of development and multiple proof-of-concept and pilot studies, VCO was officially integrated into GM’s Global Vehicle Development Process in 2014. As of 2021, VCO has been used on more than 85 vehicle programs globally. It has enabled customer-centric product development and more efficient engineering, sourcing, and manufacturing. GM Finance verified that VCO enabled $4.4 billion of incremental profit over the average product life cycle (i.e., six years on average) since 2018, making it a vastly impactful example of operations research and applied analytics.
Merck Animal Health Uses Operations Research Methods to Transform Biomanufacturing Productivity for Lifesaving Medicines
Authors: Martagan Tugce , Adan Ivo , Baaijens Marc , Dirckx Coen , Repping Oscar , van Ravenstein Bram , Yegneswaran PK
Published: January 2023

Merck Animal Health offers veterinarians, farmers, pet owners and governments one of the widest ranges of veterinary pharmaceuticals, vaccines and health management solutions. After four years of collaboration where vision met opportunity, a portfolio of optimization and decision support applications were implemented that substantially improved biomanufacturing effectiveness. Biomanufacturing uses living organisms (i.e., viruses and bacteria) to grow active ingredients in vaccines and therapeutics. This high-tech manufacturing process generates challenges not found in many other industries. Additionally, the high cost of equipment and labor-intensive nature of operations precluded the ability to just add capacity. Operations research was critical to meet these challenges. The implementation of the developed models had a significant impact by generating $200 million of additional revenue without the need for additional raw materials, energy resources, or new equipment. The work has been vital to the increased biomanufacturing efficiency for the company.
Analytics Saves Lives During the COVID-19 Crisis in Chile
Authors: Basso Leonardo J. , Goic Marcel , Olivares Marcelo , Sauré Denis , Thraves Charles , Carranza Aldo , Weintraub Gabriel Y. , Covarrubia Julio , Escobedo Cristian , Jara Natalia , Moreno Antonio , Arancibia Demian , Fuenzalida Manuel , Uribe Juan Pablo , Zúñiga Felipe , Zúñiga Marcela , O’Ryan Miguel , Santelices Emilio , Torres Juan Pablo , Badal Magdalena , Bozanic Mirko , Cancino-Espinoza Sebastián , Lara Eduardo , Neira Ignasi
Published: January 2023

During the COVID-19 crisis, the Chilean Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Sciences, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation partnered with the Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI) and the telecommunications company ENTEL, to develop innovative methodologies and tools that placed operations research (OR) and analytics at the forefront of the battle against the pandemic. These innovations have been used in key decision aspects that helped shape a comprehensive strategy against the virus, including tools that (1) provided data on the actual effects of lockdowns in different municipalities and over time; (2) helped allocate limited intensive care unit (ICU) capacity; (3) significantly increased the testing capacity and provided on-the-ground strategies for active screening of asymptomatic cases; and (4) implemented a nationwide serology surveillance program that significantly influenced Chile’s decisions regarding vaccine booster doses and that also provided information of global relevance. Significant challenges during the execution of the project included the coordination of large teams of engineers, data scientists, and healthcare professionals in the field; the effective communication of information to the population; and the handling and use of sensitive data. The initiatives generated significant press coverage and, by providing scientific evidence supporting the decision making behind the Chilean strategy to address the pandemic, they helped provide transparency and objectivity to decision makers and the general population. According to highly conservative estimates, the number of lives saved by all the initiatives combined is close to 3,000, equivalent to more than 5% of the total death toll in Chile associated with the pandemic until January 2022. The saved resources associated with testing, ICU beds, and working days amount to more than 300 million USD.

Funding: This work was supported by the ANID PIA/APOYO [Grant AFB180003 and AFB220003], used to hire research assistants for developing solutions, information systems, data management, and training of field staff. Fieldwork was funded by the Ministry of Health of the Government of Chile. M. Goic acknowledges the financial support of Fondecyt [Project 1221711] and the Institute for Research in Market Imperfections and Public Policy [Grant IS130002 ANID]. D. Sauré acknowledges the financial support of Fondecyt [Project 1211407]. Finally, G. Weintraub and A. Carranza thank the Stanford RISE COVID-19 Crisis Response Faculty Seed Grant Program for helpful financial support.
Theorizing Organizational Benevolence
Authors: Beveridge ‘Alim J. , Höllerer Markus A.
Published: January 2023

We extend research on stakeholder orientation by introducing and conceptualizing “organizational benevolence”—a notion that refers to a firm’s inclination to pursue the welfare of an external stakeholder group as an end in itself manifested in a behavioral tendency in which benefiting the “other” is the ultimate goal of action. Employing a microfoundational approach, we propose a theoretical framework and a process model that explain how firms develop such a posture and how it eventually can become an enduring feature of these organizations. We build our framework on the core notion of collective commitment to the well-being of an external constituency by elaborating on the processes through which such collective commitment is mobilized, translated into collective intention, and stabilized in a behavioral tendency. Our article develops several propositions highlighting the crucial roles that emotionality and rhetoric play in these processes, alongside an enabling sociocognitive infrastructure. Overall, our work goes substantially beyond current theorizing and provides a detailed account for why some firms not founded with a prosocial mission nonetheless act consistently to benefit an external constituency in the absence of instrumental reasons to do so.
A carnavalização das ruas: micareta de Feira de Santana nos espaços públicos
Authors: Silva Miranice Moreira da
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo pretende discutir quais os projetos de cidade e sociabilidades urbanas estava presentes na micareta de Feira de Santana entre o final da década final da década de 1940 e final da década de 1960. Imaginários e representações que estavam em diálogo com o tempo histórico e os projetos de uma sociedade. Trata-se de um exercício historiográfico que parte do entendimento de que os festejos são uma construção social. A micareta, enquanto prática festiva, é composta por pessoas que partem de vários lugares sociais, que disputam e negociam os lugares na memória social e o direito a cidade. Nessa perspectiva, entendo que, através da historicização das manifestações festivas, dos festejos de rua na micareta de Feira de Santana, é possível compreender as formas de estar no mundo bem como os sentidos e significados das práticas festivas. Para construir tal reflexão, parto das construções narrativas dos jornais, em diálogo com a legislação municipal e portarias que regulavam e orientavam a micareta nas ruas da cidade.
Quem são os brasileiros? A conceituação do “ser” brasileiro na formação do Império do Brasil (1808-1831)
Authors: Brasil de Sousa Batista Joel Marcos , De Sousa Nascimento Francisco de Assis , Da Costa Rios João Victor
Published: January 2023

O artigo visa investigar a construção histórica da ideia de comunidade imaginária, no período da Independência do Brasil (1808-1831), relacionando com a ideia de Nação e pertencimento que estava sendo construída na Europa, durante a Era das Revoluções. Procura responder quem foram os brasileiros, no período da emancipação política do Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi a da análise do discurso. O artigo tem como fonte histórica os escritos de D. Pedro I, José Bonifácio e a Constituição Imperial de 1824. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa, foi a nova história política, baseando-se no diálogo dos seguintes pesquisadores: Anderson (2008); Costa (2010); Dolhnikoff (2020); Hobsbawn (1990); Mattos (2003 e 2014); Pesavento (2003) e Rowlard (2003).
O tema da Independência do Brasil nos enredos das escolas de samba do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Almeida Fábio Rodrigues de
Published: January 2023

A partir do inventário sobre a origem dos enredos na estrutura das escolas de samba e de sua tendência aos temas históricos, este artigo apresenta uma breve discussão acerca da Independência do Brasil como tema nos enredos das escolas de samba do Rio de Janeiro. Busca-se, dessa forma, lançar luz sobre algumas das diferentes narrativas e representações que se fizeram presentes entre essas agremiações ao longo de sua trajetória, identificando particularidades, continuidades e rupturas no discurso carnavalesco a esse respeito. Na análise teórica, parte-se do entendimento que, dadas suas características, os enredos das escolas de samba podem ser concebidos em aproximação com o conceito de História Pública, correspondendo a representações do passado constituídas na esfera pública, não circunscritas aos limites acadêmicos. Nesse sentido, para além do debate acerca do próprio conceito de História Pública e das especificidades de sua aplicação no âmbito da produção carnavalesca das escolas de samba, ocupam espaço importante neste artigo as reflexões acerca da memória em sua relação com a escrita da história, sobretudo no que concerne às memórias socialmente compartilhadas.
Dietary resolutions
Authors: Shariff Hassan
Published: January 2023

Hassan Shariff analyses the impact of diet resolutions within the dental environment.
The benefits of fluoride
Authors: Macey Karla
Published: January 2023

Karla Macey lays out the benefits of fluoride – and why to avoid some of the toothpaste trends sweeping the market…
To vape or not to vape?
Authors: Black Margaret
Published: January 2023

Margaret Black investigates the mystery that still surrounds vaping.
What makes a great team?
Authors: Collier Andrew
Published: January 2023

Andrew Collier discusses what it takes to build an excellent dental team.
And the award goes to…
Authors: Mear Faye
Published: January 2023

Faye Mear considers how all the team can help a practice or team member win an award.
Future Focused
Authors: Hall Mark
Published: January 2023

This year's Transport Research Arena in Vienna, Austria, promises to bring together key industry decision makers.
The Future of Transportation World Conference
Authors: Harry Rachelle
Published: January 2023

From June 19-20, thought leaders will gather in Cologne, Germany, to predict and plan the future of our transportation systems. Rachelle Harry caught up with a key speaker who will be at the event, to discuss how we can head off the unintended consequences of disruptive change
Using Data to Improve Safety
Authors: Lower John
Published: January 2023

John Lower reports on a new drive by the US Department of Transportation to use data to make roads safer
Strategic Thinking
Authors: Allen James
Published: January 2023

Meridian is a government-backed entity set up to ensure a comprehensive approach to the testing of connected and autonomous vehicles in the UK. James Allen reports on the approach the organization is taking to ensure the technology is the best it can be
Designs on Power
Authors: Mobility Xing
Published: January 2023

THE PARTICULAR CHALLENGES OF ELECTRIFICATION IN OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES REQUIRE CLOSE ATTENTION TO THE ENGINEERING OF BATTERY SYSTEMS. TWO CRITICAL AREAS ARE BATTERY CYCLE LIFE AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT
Shaping the Future of Engine Design
Authors: Lefebvre Michael
Published: January 2023

CUSTOMER NEEDS AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES ARE DRIVING ENGINE DEVELOPMENT FORWARD
The Big One
Authors: Wordsworth Saul
Published: January 2023

EVENTS ARE BACK - AND FEW ARE BIGGER THAN AGRITECHNICA, THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY'S LARGEST GATHERING. IN THIS PREVIEW SPECIAL WE TALK TO THE EVENT PROJECT MANAGER AND GET THE LOW-DOWN ON WHAT'S NEW, WHAT'S HOT AND WHAT TO EXPECT
The Precision Decision
Authors: Rickatson Martin
Published: January 2023

FARM COMMODITY PRICES ARE ON THE RISE - BUT SO ARE FARM INPUT COSTS, ALONG WITH PRESSURES TO PRODUCE MORE FROM LESS. SUCH CHALLENGES ARE A KEY DRIVER BEHIND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY OEMS CHOOSING TO HELP BY INVESTING IN AND COLLABORATING ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Berberine inhibits RA-FLS cell proliferation and adhesion by regulating RAS/MAPK/FOXO/HIF-1 signal pathway in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Li Zhiqi , Chen Meilin , Wang Zhaoyi , Fan Qiqi , Lin Zili , Tao Xiaoyu , Wu Jiarui , Liu Zhenquan , Lin Ruichao , Zhao Chongjun
Published: January 2023

Aims

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic immune disease. Berberine, as its main active ingredient, was also contained in a variety of medicinal plants such as Berberaceae, Buttercup, and Rutaceae, which are widely used in digestive system diseases in traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. The aims of this article were to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of berberine on rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate the effect of berberine on the proliferation of RA fibroblast-like synoviocyte (RA-FLS) cells. The effect of berberine on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and other factors was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Transcriptome technology was used to screen related pathways and the potential targets after berberine treatment, which were verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) technology.

Results

Berberine inhibited proliferation and adhesion of RA-FLS cells, and significantly reduced the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, RANKL, and TNF-α. Transcriptional results suggested that berberine intervention mainly regulated forkhead box O (FOXO) signal pathway, prolactin signal pathway, neurotrophic factor signal pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signal pathway.

Conclusion

The effect of berberine on RA was related to the regulation of RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase/FOXO/HIF-1 signal pathway in RA-FLS cells. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(2):91–102.
Epidemics and Medical Responses in the Song Dynasty - Exclusion of Shamanistic Treatment and Propagation of Codified Medicine Treatment -
Authors: KIM Hanshin
Published: January 2023

The efforts of the state and the literati, such as the implementation of beneficent politics(仁政) and the rectification of folk customs, led to the alteration of the medical environment throughout the Song period. Epidemics with a severe impact that occurred frequently were what started the transition. Urbanization, increased transit accessibility, and population growth have all contributed to the emergence of epidemics. In addition, a disease that was indigenous to southern China, where regional development and population expansion were focused, started to spread widely. When an epidemic spread, the local population occasionally received medical care, but most of the time they relied on spiritual care from the neighborhood shaman or spirit medium. Spiritual treatment is utilized to treat malignant infectious diseases, even though professional doctors primarily focus on treating patients with traditional medicine.
By editing and releasing publications on medicine at the national level, the Song dynasty government and intellectuals encouraged the development and transmission of efficient treatment procedures to advance medical practices. Meanwhile, folk remedies or medical prescriptions discovered by renowned scholars like Su Shi(蘇軾) and Shen Kuo((沈括) were included in the medical book and made available to the general public. Although there was a difference of opinion between the Song government and intellectuals, they commonly rejected shamanistic treatment and pursued the spread of medicine treatment through the transmission of codified medical knowledge.
In the end, the spread of the epidemic and the subsequent transmission and development of Song dynasty medicine had a significant impact on the emergence of codified medicine treatment, but this was not solely to advance medical knowledge; it also served to further their political and ideological objectives. As a result, the following Jin(金) and Yuan( 元) dynasties’ physicians instantly criticized the Song dynasty’s medical advancements. It is indisputable, however, that the medical development of the Song dynasty had a considerable influence on later Chinese medical practice in that it established the ideological superiority of formal and orthodox therapy over traditional and heterodox spiritual care.
The Politics of Breeding: Rabies Prevention and the Shaping of Human–Dog Relations in Modern Japan
Authors: HUANG Yongyuan
Published: January 2023

Rabies prevention has become a vital part of public health administration owing to the high incidence of rabies in Japan in modern times. The rabies prevention system in Japan, which was gradually established based on the rabies knowledge and prevention policies from Europe and the United States, was centered on livestock dog control, wild dog culling, and vaccination. This epidemic prevention system was based on two premises. First, though rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease, the focus of epidemic prevention administration was to protect humans, not dogs. Second, this system attempted to eliminate the rabies hazard at its source by reducing the number of all dogs—livestock dogs included. Under this epidemic prevention mechanism, the survival space of dogs as an object of public health administration was significantly eroded. In contrast, during wartime, the Japanese Empire encouraged people to donate their dogs to the military so their fur could be used to make military coats, and in the name of existing rabies prevention programs, extended the target of culling from wild dogs only to all non-military dogs. This administrative model of epidemic prevention, which attempted to hide the violence and arbitrariness of dog killing by creating artificial distinctions among dogs, is a metaphor for the power training mechanism in modern society.
Treatment or Prevention? the matter of Priority in the Anti-tuberculosis Movement at the Turn of the 20th Century France
Authors: MIN You-Ki
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this paper is to analyze discussions on the matter of priority in treatment and prevention that took place in the medical community, the government and social hygiene associations to tuberculosis referred to as one of the national calamity in France at the turn of the 20th century. In other words, it is to show that treatment and prevention have complementary properties in France’s anti-tuberculosis movement, considering the discussions on which institutions should preferably be expanded - between the Sanatorium that values medical treatment and the anti-tuberculosis dispensary that values social prevention.
Tuberculosis, which is known to have existed from the ancient times, spread to the era of industrialization and urbanization, resulting in a large loss of lives in the second half of the 19th century following cholera in the first half of the century. Starting in Germany in the middle of this century, Sanatorium established a treatment for tuberculosis patients with air therapy, proper exercise or rest, and diet. In France, a public Sanatorium was built for the lower class, not like a luxury resort style Sanatorium for the wealthy class, from the 1890s. The spread was slow, however, due to financial problems. In the 1900s, anti-tuberculosis dispensary as a health center were increasingly built in working class quarters. The debate over whether to support the sanatorium or the dispensary was ignited at first, but since the mid-to-late 1900s, the two institutions’ roles, namely, medical treatment and social prevention, have been recognized as complementary. The Anti-tuberculosis dispensary Act of 1916 and the Sanatorium Act of 1919 systematically supported the complementary relationship between treatment and prevention in fighting against tuberculosis.
DDT Resistance Korean Body Lice and Development of Insecticide Resistance Knowledge during Korean War
Authors: JUNG Junho
Published: January 2023

DDT exemplifies success and failure of modern science and technology. Once it was heralded as technological wonder that will deliver human from misery of insect-borne infectious disease. However DDT took dramatic downturn after failure in global malaria eradication program initiated by World Health Organization, with advent of DDT-resistant strain of mosquitoes. Although insecticide resistance has been know since late 19th century, the definitions and mythologies for finding resistance has not been settled until 1950s. This paper argues that discovery of DDT-resistant strain of body lice in prisoners of war camp in Korea during the Korean War provided essential knowledge and opportunity for advancing insecticide resistance studies.
Since 1945 to the end of Korean War, US Army sprayed thousands of tonnes of DDT on Korean body and soil. DDT was only went into wide field application since 1943, was still a very new technology. The ways to deliver and utilize DDT was still under the investigation. And Korea, especially during the War, was ideal place to construct such knowledge and place it in the application. The main focus was to control public health threats, such as louse-borne typhus fever. Korean soldiers and prisoners of war exposed to regular dose of DDT, which soon gave rise to DDT-resistant strain of body lice. It was the first major outbreak of insecticide-resistance appeared in insect that has major public health importance. Until early 1950s, mechanisms of resistance, or even definition of insecticide resistance was unclear. Researchers in US Army and Department of Agriculture rushed to find the ways to quantify insecticide resistance. Network of laboratories, connecting Korea-Japan-US, had to devise new laboratory methods to rear, and test body lice. These body lice later migrate to laboratories in US, providing valuable asset for future insecticide resistance research in US. At the same time, laboratory methods of testing resistance in body louse became a standard across the globe, setting new research agenda through World Health Organization. This shows flow of knowledge, along with migration of body louse, during the Korean War. At the same time, this case show who new knowledge is constructed through the expense of involvement of minority populations, such as natives, soldiers, and prisoners of war.
Measurement uncertainty of phase measuring deflectometry
Authors: Pavliček Pavel , Paličková Eva
Published: January 2023

Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) is a proven optical measurement method for measuring the shapes of objects. This method is suitable for measuring the shape of an object with an optically smooth (mirror-like) surface. The measured object is used as a mirror through which the camera observes a defined geometric pattern. We derive the theoretical limit of measurement uncertainty using the Cramér–Rao inequality. It shows that the measurement uncertainty is expressed in the form of an uncertainty product. The factors of the product are the angular uncertainty and lateral resolution. The magnitude of the uncertainty product depends on the mean wavelength of the light used and the number of photons detected. The calculated measurement uncertainty is compared with the measurement uncertainty of other deflectometry methods.
Temperature dependence of the dielectric function of dehydrated biological samples in the THz band
Authors: Helminiak Jan , Alfaro-Gomez Mariana , Hernandez-Cardoso Goretti G. , Koch Martin , Castro-Camus Enrique
Published: January 2023

Terahertz technology has demonstrated enormous potential for the analysis of biological systems and the diagnosis of some medical conditions, given its high sensitivity to detect water content. In previously published papers, effective medium theories are used to extract the water content from the terahertz measurements. When the dielectric functions of water and dehydrated bio-material are well known, the volumetric fraction of water can be left as the only free parameter in those effective medium theory models. While water complex permittivity is very well known, the dielectric functions of dehydrated tissues are normally measured for each individual application. In previous studies, it has been traditionally assumed that, unlike water, the dielectric function of the dehydrated tissues is temperature independent, measuring it only at room temperature. Yet, this is an aspect that has not been discussed and that is relevant in order to get THz technology closer to clinical and in-the-field applications. In this work, we present the characterization of the complex permittivity of dehydrated tissues; each studied at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 36.5°C. We studied samples of different organism classifications to have a wider confirmation of the results. We find that, in each case, the dielectric function changes of dehydrated tissues caused by temperature are smaller than for water across the same temperature interval. Yet, the changes in the dielectric function of the dehydrated tissue are not negligible and should, in many cases, be taken into account for the processing of terahertz signals that interact with biological tissues. While this study gives a first introduction into the probable relevancy of temperature-dependent optical behavior of biological samples, this work only focuses on the experimental proof for this relationship and will, therefore, not give a deeper analysis of how the underlying models have to be modified.
Inverse design of optical pulse shapes for time-varying photonics
Authors: Baxter Joshua , Ramunno Lora
Published: January 2023

There has been an explosion of interest in time-varying photonics due to the recent discovery and design of materials and metamaterials with strong, time-varying, nonlinear optical responses. This opens the door to novel optical phenomena including reciprocity breaking, frequency translation, and amplification that can be enhanced by optimizing the light-matter interaction. Although there has been recent interest in applying topology-based inverse design to this problem, we have decided to take a more novel approach. In this article, we will introduce a method for the inverse design of optical pulse shapes to enhance their interaction with time-varying media. We test our objective-first approach by maximizing the transmittance of optical pulses of equal intensity through time-varying media. Indeed, without requiring a change in pulse energy, we demonstrate large, broadband enhancements in the pulse energy transmission through the thin-films, including gain. Our final test includes maximizing pulse transmission through indium tin oxide, a time-varying medium when strongly pumped in its ENZ band. Through this work, we hope to inspire exploration of this new degree of freedom.
Integrated photoelasticity measurements of a three-dimensional laminar flow: second-order stress terms in the stress-optic law
Authors: Nakamine Kento , Yokoyama Yuto , Worby William , Muto Masakazu , Tagawa Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2023

This study experimentally validates a stress-optic law for a three-dimensional flow using integrated photoelasticity. In this stress-optic law, the stress is related to the two photoelastic parameters — the phase retardation Δ and orientation 𝜙 — of elliptically-polarized light. Previous studies have examined the stress-optic law of three-dimensional flows, but the importance of the second-order stress terms in the three-dimensional stress-optic law, i.e., those relating to the stress component along the camera’s optical axis, have not yet been experimentally validated. In this work, we measure the retardation of a steady Newtonian fluid laminar flow (cellulose nanocrystal suspension of 0.5 wt%) in a square channel and compare it with the theoretical prediction. Remarkably, the theoretical result including the second-order stress terms shows good agreement with the experimental result for various flow rates, while the calculation without these terms results in a significant deviation from the measurements. Therefore, proper consideration of the second-order stress terms in the three-dimensional stress-optic law is crucial for integrated photoelasticity measurements of three-dimensional flow fields.
Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections at a referral hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Yamba Kaunda , Lukwesa-Musyani Chileshe , Samutela Mulemba Tillika , Kapesa Christine , Hang’ombe Mudenda Bernard , Mpabalwani Evans , Hachaambwa Lottie , Fwoloshi Sombo , Chanda Raphael , Mpundu Mirfin , Kashweka Glory , Nakazwe Ruth , Mudenda Steward , Muma John Bwalya
Published: January 2023

Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) have been used as empiric treatment for BSI and other invasive infections for years; however, their overuse could promote the emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Thus, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features and the effects of antimicrobial resistance on the outcomes of BSIs at a referral hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. This was a six-month prospective facility-based study undertaken at a referral hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. As part of the routine diagnosis and patient care, blood samples for bacteriological culture were collected from patients presenting with fever and processed for pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the VITEK 2 Compact instrument. ESBLs and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) associated genes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction method. Patient information was collected using a structured data collection sheet and entered in CSpro 7.6. Data were analysed in WHOnet and STATA version 14. A total of 88 GNB were isolated, of which 76% were Enterobacterales, 14% Acinetobacter baumannii and 8% Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Resistance to third and fourth-generation cephalosporins was 75% and 32%, respectively. Noteworthy was the high prevalence (68%) of inappropriate empirical treatment, carbapenem resistance (7%), multi-drug resistance (83%) and ESBL-producers (76%). In comparison to E. coli as a causative agent of BSI, the odds of death were significantly higher among patients infected with Acinetobacter baumannii (OR = 3.8). The odds of death were also higher in patients that received 3GCs as empiric treatment than in those that received 4GCs or other (none cephalosporin) treatment options. Structured surveillance, yearly antibiogram updates, improved infection control and a well functional antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program, are of utmost importance in improving appropriate antimicrobial treatment selection and favourable patient outcomes.
What Tweets and YouTube comments have in common? Sentiment and graph analysis on data related to US elections 2020
Authors: Shevtsov Alexander , Oikonomidou Maria , Antonakaki Despoina , Pratikakis Polyvios , Ioannidis Sotiris
Published: January 2023

Most studies analyzing political traffic on Social Networks focus on a single platform, while campaigns and reactions to political events produce interactions across different social media. Ignoring such cross-platform traffic may lead to analytical errors, missing important interactions across social media that e.g. explain the cause of trending or viral discussions. This work links Twitter and YouTube social networks using cross-postings of video URLs on Twitter to discover the main tendencies and preferences of the electorate, distinguish users and communities’ favouritism towards an ideology or candidate, study the sentiment towards candidates and political events, and measure political homophily. This study shows that Twitter communities correlate with YouTube comment communities: that is, Twitter users belonging to the same community in the Retweet graph tend to post YouTube video links with comments from YouTube users belonging to the same community in the YouTube Comment graph. Specifically, we identify Twitter and YouTube communities, we measure their similarity and differences and show the interactions and the correlation between the largest communities on YouTube and Twitter. To achieve that, we have gather a dataset of approximately 20M tweets and the comments of 29K YouTube videos; we present the volume, the sentiment, and the communities formed in YouTube and Twitter graphs, and publish a representative sample of the dataset, as allowed by the corresponding Twitter policy restrictions.