bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting shear wave velocity from conventional well logs with deep and hybrid machine learning algorithms
Authors: Rajabi Meysam , Hazbeh Omid , Davoodi Shadfar , Wood David A. , Tehrani Pezhman Soltani , Ghorbani Hamzeh , Mehrad Mohammad , Mohamadian Nima , Rukavishnikov Valeriy S. , Radwan Ahmed E.
Published: July 2022

Shear wave velocity (VS) data from sedimentary rock sequences is a prerequisite for implementing most mathematical models of petroleum engineering geomechanics. Extracting such data by analyzing finite reservoir rock cores is very costly and limited. The high cost of sonic dipole advanced wellbore logging service and its implementation in a few wells of a field has placed many limitations on geomechanical modeling. On the other hand, shear wave velocity VS tends to be nonlinearly related to many of its influencing variables, making empirical correlations unreliable for its prediction. Hybrid machine learning (HML) algorithms are well suited to improving predictions of such variables. Recent advances in deep learning (DL) algorithms suggest that they too should be useful for predicting VS for large gas and oil field datasets but this has yet to be verified. In this study, 6622 data records from two wells in the giant Iranian Marun oil field (MN#163 and MN#225) are used to train HML and DL algorithms. 2072 independent data records from another well (MN#179) are used to verify the VS prediction performance based on eight well-log-derived influencing variables. Input variables are standard full-set recorded parameters in conventional oil and gas well logging data available in most older wells. DL predicts VS for the supervised validation subset with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.055 km/s and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9729. It achieves similar prediction accuracy when applied to an unseen dataset. By comparing the VS prediction performance results, it is apparent that the DL convolutional neural network model slightly outperforms the HML algorithms tested. Both DL and HLM models substantially outperform five commonly used empirical relationships for calculating VS from Vp relationships when applied to the Marun Field dataset. Concerns regarding the model's integrity and reproducibility were also addressed by evaluating it on data from another well in the field. The findings of this study can lead to the development of knowledge of production patterns and sustainability of oil reservoirs and the prevention of enormous damage related to geomechanics through a better understanding of wellbore instability and casing collapse problems.

Graphical abstract
Frailty, appendicular lean mass, osteoporosis and osteosarcopenia in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Davenport Andrew
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The pattern of chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is changing with increasing numbers of elderly patients now treated by dialysis. The risk of falls and bone fractures increases with frailty and sarcopenia. As such we wished to review the association between osteoporosis and frailty and loss of appendicular lean mass (ALM).

Methods

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were defined according to T scores. ALM was indexed to height (ALMI). Frailty was classified using the clinical frailty scale (CFS).

Results

DXA scans from 573 patients, 57.8% male, 36.8% diabetic, mean age 61.0 ± 15.8 years, with a median 6.0 (2–20) months of treatment with PD were reviewed. Forty-two (7.3%) were classified as clinically frail, 115 (20%) osteoporotic, and 198 (34.6%) ALMI meeting sarcopenic criteria, with 43% of osteoporotic patients being osteosarcopenic. In a multivariable model, femoral neck BMD was associated with weight, standardised β (St β) 0.29, p = 0.004, ALM St β 0.11, p = 0.03 and Black vs other ethnicities St β 0.19, p = 0.02, and negatively with age St β −0.24, p < 0.001, and frailty St β −2.1, p = 0.04. Z scores (adjusted for gender and age) were associated with ALMI (r = 0.18, p < 0.001).

Discussion

Osteoporosis is increasing with the numbers of elderly dialysis patients. As frailty and sarcopenia increase with age, then the risk of falls and bone fractures increases with osteosarcopenia. Whether interventions with exercise and nutrition can improve bone heath remains to be determined.

Graphical abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their role in plant-parasitic nematodes control: a fresh look at an old issue
Authors: Aioub Ahmed A. A. , Elesawy Ahmed E. , Ammar Esraa E.
Published: July 2022

The increasing demand for agricultural products can be met by maximizing production potential and reducing crop losses caused by common plant-parasitic nematodes. Chemical-based nematode management is a successful technique for mitigating damage and yield losses caused by nematode pests; however, inappropriate and irresponsible application of synthetic pesticides has negative impacts on fauna, bioflora, and natural enemies such as predators and parasites. The use of biocontrol agents is the most appreciated method for nematode control among farmers because it’s safe and reduces environmental pollution. There is increasing focus on the biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a biopesticide. Moreover, PGPR strains can promote plant growth by producing various secondary metabolites of these PGPRs. This review focuses on the direct (Nitrogen fixation, phytohormone formation, phosphate solubilization, Potassium solubilization, siderophores and ammonia production) and indirect mechanisms (Hyperparasitism, antibiosis, lytic enzyme production, induced systemic resistance) of action of PGPR in plant-parasitic nematodes management, and the future prospects of PGPR-based plant-parasitic nematodes biocontrol agents.
Numerical study on the hot compression test for bulk metal forming application
Authors: Gomez-Marquez Diego , Ledesma-Orozco Elias , Hino Ryutaro , Aguilera-Gomez Eduardo , Korpała Grzegorz , Prahl Ulrich
Published: July 2022

In this study, a comparison between the well-established Lagrangian approach and the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach is presented. This comparison aims to verify the ALE's approach suitability for modeling thermomechanical processes. After that, a study on the material's stress state evolution inside the specimen is provided. The stress state is evaluated through the triaxiality factor and Lode parameter. Ideally, under pure compression, these parameters' values are − 1/3 and − 1, respectively. However, it is not possible to achieve ideal conditions in actual experiments. The Lagrangian model was done in QForm, and the ALE model was done in LS-Dyna. The results from both models are in good agreement between them and agree with the force vs. stroke measured during the experiments. Two paths were defined to study the stress state inside the sample, in the radial direction (equator line) and axial direction (axial line). It was concluded that some areas in both paths might be considered as approximately under pure compression stress state. In addition, the ALE approach accuracy for thermomechanical modeling was verified.
No Policy is an Island: Mitigating COVID-19 in View of Interaction Effects
Authors: Elm Jan-Philip , Sarel Roee
Published: July 2022

Why are COVID-19 mitigation strategies successful in reducing infections in some cases but not in others? Existing studies of individual policies tend to neglect the many interaction effects that arise when multiple policies are enacted simultaneously. Particularly, if a socially undesirable behavior has a close (and equally problematic) substitute, then a prohibition of that behavior will simply cause people to switch to the substitute, resulting in no effect on infections. However, joint policies that prohibit both the targeted behavior and the substitute will create a positive interaction effect, which closes the loophole. Respectively, behaviors that are complements (rather than substitutes) can be discouraged by prohibiting one behavior because this discourages complementary behaviors as well.

We provide a new argument for why COVID-19 policies can fail and why the evaluation of such policies may be incorrect: policies are effective only when they reduce infections as a general equilibrium, accounting not only for the targeted behavior but also for interaction effects.

We illustrate our arguments by applying insights from traditional and behavioral law and economics to several examples. Thereby, we highlight regulators’ challenge when facing interaction effects and factors such as social norms and time preferences.
Measuring capacity to use evidence-based interventions in community-based organizations: A comprehensive, scoping review
Authors: Ramanadhan Shoba , Mahtani Sitara L. , Kirk Shinelle , Lee Michelle , Weese Maggie , Mita Carol , Brandt Heather M.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Community-based organizations (CBOs) are well-positioned to incorporate research evidence, local expertise, and contextual factors to address health inequities. However, insufficient capacity limits use of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) in these settings. Capacity-building implementation strategies are popular, but a lack of standard models and validated measures hinders progress in the field. To advance the literature, we conducted a comprehensive scoping review.

Methods:

With a reference librarian, we executed a comprehensive search strategy of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, and EBSCO Global Health. We included articles that addressed implementation science, capacity-building, and CBOs. Of 5527 articles, 99 met our inclusion criteria, and we extracted data using a double-coding process

Results:

Of the 99 articles, 47% defined capacity explicitly, 31% defined it indirectly, and 21% did not define it. Common concepts in definitions were skills, knowledge/expertise, and resources. Of the 57 articles with quantitative analysis, 48 (82%) measured capacity, and 11 (23%) offered psychometric data for the capacity measures. Of the 99 studies, 40% focused exclusively on populations experiencing inequities and 22% included those populations to some extent. The bulk of the studies came from high-income countries.

Conclusions:

Implementation scientists should 1) be explicit about models and definitions of capacity and strategies for building capacity, 2) specify expected multi-level implementation outcomes, 3) develop and use validated measures for quantitative work, and 4) integrate equity considerations into the conceptualization and measurement of capacity-building efforts. With these refinements, we can ensure that the necessary supports reach CBO practitioners and critical partners for addressing health inequities.
Contesting security: Multiple modalities, NGOs, and the security-migration nexus in Scotland
Authors: Paterson Ian
Published: July 2022

The security-migration nexus is ubiquitous throughout Europe and beyond. An avalanche of scholarship has explored the construction of migration as a security threat in general and, in the UK, the creation of the ‘hostile environment’ in particular – the problematic nature of each being well documented. Yet, far less attention has been paid to activities that contest this process. Deploying Balzacq's four modalities of contestation – desecuritisation, resistance, emancipation, and resilience – this article addresses the imbalance, exploring how asylum and refugee sector NGOs engage in and contest security-migration politics. Using Scotland (2018–19) as an illustrative case and analysing discursive and predominantly non-discursive activities, findings demonstrate that NGOs are successfully contesting the security-migration nexus in Scotland across four principal categories, supporting the ‘surviving’ and ‘thriving’ of asylum seeker and refugee communities, problematising previous conceptualisations of ‘UK’ asylum and refugee politics, with implications extending globally. The article helps refine the theorisation of contestation, demonstrating first, the need to move beyond studies of ‘desecuritisation’, with consequences for understandings of ‘success’ in securitisation, and second, the potential blindness of single-modality studies to vital, meaningful contestation, resulting in the production of less comprehensive visions of the security world.
Generalized limit theorems forU-max statistics
Authors: Nikitin Yakov , Simarova Ekaterina
Published: July 2022

$U{\hbox{-}}\textrm{max}$statistics were introduced by Lao and Mayer in 2008. Such statistics are natural in stochastic geometry. Examples are the maximal perimeters and areas of polygons and polyhedra formed by random points on a circle, ellipse, etc. The main method to study limit theorems for$U{\hbox{-}}\textrm{max}$statistics is via a Poisson approximation. In this paper we consider a general class of kernels defined on a circle, and we prove a universal limit theorem with the Weibull distribution as a limit. Its parameters depend on the degree of the kernel, the structure of its points of maximum, and the Hessians of the kernel at these points. Almost all limit theorems known so far may be obtained as simple special cases of our general theorem. We also consider several new examples. Moreover, we consider not only the uniform distribution of points but also almost arbitrary distribution on a circle satisfying mild additional conditions.
How can quantum technologies be used for testing fundamental physics?
Authors: Ulbricht Hendrik
Published: July 2022

Quantum technologies (QTs) have matured over the past decade. A range of different technologies utilise atomic, photonic or large-mass optomechanical systems in quantum states. Quantum metrology experiments such as those using atomic clocks have been pushed to evermore precision, and superconducting devices have been used to implement quantum information processing, to name only some. What is common to all those QT implementations is that they in some regards outperform their classical counterparts or hold promise to do so. The development of QT systems is mostly driven by the desire to use them for applications such as new forms of computation, communication and sensing.
Canadian Federalism, Multilevel Politics and the Occupation of Ottawa
Authors: Sabin Jerald
Published: July 2022

For three weeks in early 2022, the streets of downtown Ottawa were occupied by protestors associated with the so-called Freedom Convoy. The inability of Ottawa's municipal police to end the protest was not only a spectacular failure of local policing but also a failure of national security policy. This article brings together literatures on Canadian federalism, multilevel politics and federal capitals to argue that the occupation of Ottawa demonstrates a misalignment between the political and jurisdictional responsibility for Ottawa's public and national security. Potential reforms range from the expansion of federal authority over the Parliamentary Precinct to the restructuring of the National Capital Region as a federal district or territory.
Diseconomies of Scale in Quantitative and Fundamental Investment Styles
Authors: Evans Richard B. , Rohleder Martin , Tentesch Hendrik , Wilkens Marco
Published: July 2022

We examine diseconomies of scale for two different investment approaches: quantitative and fundamental. Using separate account (SA) data where the investment approach is self-identified, we find that fundamental SAs exhibit greater diseconomies of scale than quantitative SAs. Looking at liquidity costs, we find that quantitative SAs hold more diversified portfolios of higher liquidity stocks than fundamental SAs, thereby reducing their expected liquidity costs. We also find that consistent with lower information processing/hierarchy costs, the speed of information diffusion is higher for quant SAs. Accounting for these differences helps to explain the differences in diseconomies of scale.
What are the predictors of TOMM failure in clinical TBI populations? A retrospective analysis
Authors: Gates Thomas M. , Metcalf Kasey , Sabaz Mark , Young Kate , Anandakumar Thushara , Simpson Grahame K.
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

To determine base rates of invalid performance on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) undertaking rehabilitation who were referred for clinical assessment, and the factors contributing to TOMM failure.

Methods:

Retrospective file review of consecutive TBI referrals for neuropsychological assessment over seven years. TOMM failure was conventionally defined as performance <45/50 on Trial 2 or Retention Trial. Demographic, injury, financial compensation, occupational, and medical variables were collected.

Results:

Four hundred and ninety one TBI cases (Median age = 40 years [IQR = 26–52], 79% male, 82% severe TBI) were identified. Overall, 48 cases (9.78%) failed the TOMM. Logistic regression analyses revealed that use of an interpreter during the assessment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.25, 95%CI = 3.96–17.18), outpatient setting (aOR = 4.80, 95%CI = 1.87–12.31) and post-injury psychological distress (aOR = 2.77, 95%CI = 1.35–5.70) were significant multivariate predictors of TOMM failure. The TOMM failure rate for interpreter cases was 49% (21/43) in the outpatient setting vs. 7% (2/30) in the inpatient setting. By comparison, 9% (21/230) of non-interpreter outpatient cases failed the TOMM vs. 2% (4/188) of inpatient cases.

Conclusions:

TOMM failure very rarely occurs in clinical assessment of TBI patients in the inpatient rehabilitation setting. It is more common in the outpatient setting, particularly in non-English-speaking people requiring an interpreter. The findings reinforce the importance of routinely administering stand-alone performance validity tests in assessments of clinical TBI populations, particularly in outpatient settings, to ensure that neuropsychological test results can be interpreted with a high degree of confidence.
Do Red-Flagged Clients Exit Social Assistance Earlier than Others? The Case of the Finnish Social Assistance System
Authors: Mesiäislehto Merita , Moisio Pasi , Ilmakunnas Ilari
Published: July 2022

We examine an early ‘red flag system’ in the Finnish social assistance system and its efficiency in reducing the length of social assistance spells. We utilise the age-threshold in the policy that requires notifying social services on beneficiaries under twenty-five years of age after four months of social assistance receipt. Using monthly administrative data covering all twenty-three to twenty-six-year-old social assistance beneficiaries in Finland in 2018-2019, we compare the social assistance receipt of those below and above the age-threshold. Our findings show that those who are ‘red flagged’ do not exit social assistance earlier than others. On the contrary, four months after the notification is sent to social services, they are more likely to still have social assistance as their primary source of income compared to the twenty-five to twenty-six-year-old individuals. Our results shed light on the little discussed question on how to combine social work with digitalised and automatised welfare.
Modified ground and slotted MIMO antennas for 5G sub-6 GHz frequency bands
Authors: Agrawal Neetu , Gupta Manish , Chouhan Sanjay
Published: July 2022

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, which use multiple antennas to deliver faster data rates, are one of the promising methods in 5G services. 5G is a popular issue among the world's main telecom firms currently. The sub-6 GHz band for 5G applications in various countries lies between 3 and 5 GHz. The sub-6 GHz 5G bands are 3.4–3.8 GHz in Europe, 3.1–3.55 GHz in the USA, and 3.3–3.6 GHz and 4.8–4.99 GHz in China. This paper presents a two-element slotted octagon-shaped antenna operating in the sub-6 GHz band (3.1–4.5 GHz) for 5G applications. A T-formed isolation structure is placed at a ground plane to minimize mutual coupling between MIMO antennas. The proposed MIMO antenna has physical dimensions of 55 × 38 mm2 and an envelope correlation coefficient or correlation of 0.0004 over the entire operating band. The antenna operates at 3.6 GHz, with a return loss of 40.8 dB at the resonance. An antenna prototype has been investigated and proven to be of excellent quality in terms of performance like isolation >20 dB, efficiency >80%, and mean effective gain <−3 dB over the full operating band.
Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence: a cross-cultural study in Japan and Lithuania
Authors: Kazlauskas E. , Jovarauskaite L. , Abe K. , Brewin C. R. , Cloitre M. , Daniunaite I. , Haramaki Y. , Hihara S. , Kairyte A. , Kamite Y. , Sugimura K. , Thoresen S. , Zelviene P. , Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene I.
Published: July 2022

Aims

Cross-cultural studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) based on ICD-11 diagnostic criteria are scarce, especially in adolescence. The study aimed to evaluate the trauma exposure, prevalence and factors associated with PTSD and CPTSD in general populations of adolescents in Lithuania and Japan.

Methods

The study sample comprised 1746 adolescents from Lithuania (n = 832) and Japan (n = 914), 49.8% female. The mean age of study participants was 15.52 (s.d. = 1.64), ranging from 12 to 18 years. ICD-11 posttraumatic disorders were assessed using the International Trauma Questionnaire – Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA).

Results

More than half of the adolescents in a total sample (61.5%) reported exposure to at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, 80.0% in Lithuania and 44.6% in Japan, with a higher prevalence of interpersonal trauma in Lithuania and more natural disaster exposure in Japan. The prevalence of PTSD was 5.2% (95% CI 3.8–6.9%) and 2.3% (95% CI 1.4–3.5%), CPTSD 12.3% (95% CI 10.1–14.7%) and 4.1% (95% CI 2.9–5.5%) in Lithuanian and Japanese samples, respectively. Cumulative trauma exposure, female gender, loneliness and financial difficulties in family predicted both PTSD and CPTSD in the total sample. Loneliness discriminated CPTSD v. PTSD in both Lithuanian and Japanese samples.

Conclusions

This cross-cultural study is among the first which reported different patterns of trauma exposure in Asian Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents in Europe. Despite differences in trauma exposure and PTSD/CPTSD prevalence, we found similar predictors in both studies, particularly the importance of cumulative trauma exposure for PTSD/CPTSD, and social interpersonal factors for the risk of CPTSD. The study supports the universality of traumatic stress reactions to adverse life experiences in adolescence across cultures and regions and highlights different levels of traumatisation of adolescents in various countries.
Aging Anxiety in Older Adults
Authors: Bergman Yoav S. , Bodner Ehud
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Recently, aging anxiety was linked with existential fears. This study examines whether self-esteem and meaning in life, protective factors against mortality awareness, buffer the association between aging anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults. 318 community-dwelling participants (aged 65–90 years, M = 73.42, SD = 5.40) completed scales assessing aging anxiety, self-esteem, meaning in life, and depressive symptoms. High aging anxiety and low self-esteem/meaning in life were associated with increased depressive symptoms. Moreover, the link between aging anxiety and depressive symptoms was nullified among participants reporting high levels of self-esteem and meaning in life. We discuss the results from the perspective of terror management theory and suggest that, while aging anxiety may elicit existential concerns, these fears may be mitigated by self-esteem and meaning in life.
Embitterment, Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder, and Wisdom Therapy
Authors: Linden Michael
Published: July 2022

Practical expert guidance on embitterment disorders

Learn about the evidence-base of PTED and wisdom therapy
Teach clients skills to overcome embitterment
Tips on social, legal, and medical apsects
Includes printable handouts
A companion book for clients is available

More about the book

Feelings of embitterment and posttraumatic embitterment disorder are common in our society and result from reactions to injustices, humiliation, and breaches of trust. They can lead to significant suffering in those affected and to those around them although the clients may be otherwise psychopathologically inconspicuous. The aggressiveness of this client group, as well as their rejection of help, among other factors, is challenging for practitioners and makes treatment complex. Help is hand with this practical evidence-based guide that provides models for the development and continuation of such embitterment states as well as outlines how to diagnose embitterment disorder. The reader is guided through the state-of-the-art treatment approaches for embitterment disorder: cognitive behavior therapy with wisdom strategies.

Teach your clients how to process their internalized feelings of hurt and humiliation so that they can create the conditions to reconcile themselves with the events that triggered these difficult and long-lasting states. The book is full of practice-oriented tips to help clients actively gain closure with the past and enable a new orientation towards the future. One method to reach this goal is the reevaluation of the critical events and their consequences. Wisdom therapy provides various tools for this, and these techniques are brought to life with numerous case vignettes. The author also provides tips on the social, medical, and legal aspects associated with this disorder, for example, questions of work incapacity and criminal responsibility.

Helpful information for clients is provided in the accompanying book, How to Overcome Embitterment With Wisdom.
Absolute Tectonic Stress Inversion in the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto Earthquake Source Region Using Topography and Rupture Models
Authors: Yun Naidan , Yue Han , Zhou Shiyong , Xu Wuchuan
Published: July 2022

Absolute tectonic stress estimation is of fundamental importance to investigating regional earthquake hazards, while traditional algorithms only invert relative stress and its orientations. We use topography data and rupture models to invert the absolute tectonic stress in the source region of the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake. We adopt a basic assumption that the slip direction of each sub‐fault is in the shear direction of the total stress tensor, which is a combination of tectonic and topographic stresses. We use the Bayesian theorem to describe the probability density function of stress parameters and perform a grid search for the optimal values and uncertainties of stress parameters. Our synthetic test shows that the true parameters can be reliably estimated over a broad range of tectonic stress magnitudes. In the application to the Kumamoto earthquake, we find that the optimal tectonic stress is uniaxial tensional with a magnitude of 35 MPa and orientation of N6.5°W, which is at an angle of ∼47.5° to the fault strike. The average total shear stress on the fault plane is 16 MPa on the fault plane. With the inverted stress parameters, we evaluate the pore pressure based on the absolute stress field, the result of which is within a range of 0.3–0.45 of the lithostatic stress.
High‐Resolution Lagrangian Inverse Modeling of CO2 Emissions Over the Paris Region During the First 2020 Lockdown Period
Authors: Nalini K. , Lauvaux T. , Abdallah C. , Lian J. , Ciais P. , Utard H. , Laurent O. , Ramonet M.
Published: July 2022

Stringent mobility restrictions across the world during the COVID 19 pandemic have impacted local economies and, consequently, city carbon budgets, offering a unique opportunity to evaluate the capability of scientific approaches to quantify emissions changes. Our study aims to quantify and map CO2 emissions from fossil fuel and biogenic CO2 fluxes over the Paris metropolitan area during the first lockdown period (March‐May 2020) in France, in comparison with the same period in 2019. Our inversion system relies on transport model simulations initiated with the Weather Research and Forecasting chemistry transport model combined with a high‐resolution fossil fuel CO2 emissions inventory, and biogenic CO2 fluxes from a vegetation model. The inversion with atmospheric observations from a network of six towers resulted in a positive re‐adjustment of fossil fuel CO2 emissions in 2019 and 2020 compared to prior. In 2020, the inversion resulted in a large emission reduction (43%) compared to 2019, while the reductions were estimated to be 37% based on the prior inventory itself. By assimilating CO mixing ratios in addition to CO2, the traffic emission estimates were reduced by 68% in 2020, compared to nontraffic (29%). Various sensitivity tests show that prior emission uncertainty and different background conditions significantly impacted the emissions estimates. We conclude that our current inversion system with atmospheric CO2 monitoring makes it possible to identify the emission decrease in 2020 partly over the urban region. However, additional information on prior emission errors and a dense network will be needed to map emissions precisely.
Pollution Emissions and Economic Growth Revisited: A Novel Model of Spatial Hyperbolic Decomposition in Sewage Reduction Risk Management
Authors: Liu Shun Jia , Li Jianping , Xu Xin Long
Published: July 2022

The turning point in the classic environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) fails to identify the pollution risk transfer effect. Based on the interactions of environmental regulations among local governments, this paper decomposes the relationship between sewage emissions and the economic growth depicted by the pollution risk transfer effect and proposes a spatial hyperbolic model to illustrate this relationship in local and other regions. The results show that the relationship between industrial sewage emissions and economic growth presents an inverted U‐shaped curve in the local region and a U‐shaped curve in other regions. The turning point of the inverted U‐shaped curve in the hyperbola lags behind that in the EKC, indicating that the turning point in the EKC is influenced by the pollution risk transfer effect. The turning point of the inverted U‐shaped curve lags behind that of the U‐shaped curve in the hyperbola, indicating that pollution transfer behavior has become the main choice under environmental regulation. Based on this conclusion, this paper suggests that the central government should optimize the assessment standards of local government achievements and should encourage enterprises to engage in technological innovation using market incentive environmental regulation.
Serpentinites of Different Tectonic Origin in an Exhumed Subduction Complex (New Caledonia, SW Pacific)
Authors: Raia Natalie H. , Whitney Donna L. , Teyssier Christian , Lesimple Stéphane
Published: July 2022

Owing to the importance of serpentinites for planetary geochemical and geodynamic processes, there has been much work discerning the origins of their parent rocks, including distinguishing between serpentinites derived from a subducting plate versus overlying mantle in exhumed subduction complexes. The island of New Caledonia (SW Pacific Ocean) provides a rare window into Cenozoic Pacific subduction processes. The island is unique in exposing both an exceptionally preserved high‐pressure, low‐temperature subduction complex and one of the largest supra‐subduction zone ophiolites in the world. Previous studies disagree on the origin of serpentinites in the subduction complex. In this study, we analyze 23 serpentinites from this complex for whole‐rock major and trace element geochemistry and stable isotope (δD, δ18O) compositions. Our data reveal two distinct groups of serpentinites: Group I samples in the northern portion of the complex are pervasively serpentinized, and exhibit enriched heavy rare earth element (REE) compositions and δ18O values between +6.7‰ and +10.2‰. In contrast, Group II serpentinites in the south preserve relict orthopyroxene and olivine, and show depleted trace element compositions and comparatively lower δ18O values between +5.1‰ and +8.0‰. We interpret Group I serpentinites to derive from downgoing plate mantle, whereas Group II serpentinites derive from overlying mantle wedge, exhibiting remarkable similarity to the REE geochemistry of the structurally overlying New Caledonia ophiolite. Our results establish the subduction complex in New Caledonia as an unusual natural record of the entrainment and exhumation of mantle from both the overlying mantle wedge and the downgoing plate in an oceanic subduction zone.
Statistical Analysis of Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over Japan Based on Deep Learning Instance Segmentation
Authors: Liu Peng , Yokoyama Tatsuhiro , Fu Weizheng , Yamamoto Mamoru
Published: July 2022

Medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are observed as parallelly arrayed wavelike perturbations of Total Electron Content (TEC) in ionospheric F region leading to satellite navigation error and communication signal scintillation. The observation method for MSTIDs, detrended TEC (dTEC) map, summarizes the perturbation component of TEC having the merits of full‐time and two‐dimensional. However, previous automatic processing methods for dTEC map cannot discriminate MSTIDs from other irregular ionospheric perturbations intelligently. With the development of artificial intelligence in recent years, deep learning approach is expecting to clarify the controversy of MSTID external dependence (season and solar/geomagnetic activity) under debating for decades. Therefore, this research proposes a real‐time processing algorithm for dTEC maps based on Mask Region‐Convolutional Neural Network (R‐CNN) model of deep learning instance segmentation to detect wavelike perturbations intelligently with an accuracy of about 80% and a processing speed of about 8 fps. Then isolated perturbations are eliminated and only MSTID waveforms are chosen to obtain statistical characteristics of MSTIDs. With this algorithm, we analyzed up to 1,209,600 dTEC maps from 1997 to 2019 over Japan automatically and established a database of hourly averaged MSTID characteristics. This research introduces the partial correlation coefficient for the first time to clarify the solar/geomagnetic activity dependence of MSTID characteristics which is independent with each other.
Graph Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Water Demand Forecasting
Authors: Zanfei Ariele , Brentan Bruno M. , Menapace Andrea , Righetti Maurizio , Herrera Manuel
Published: July 2022

Short‐term forecasting of water demand is a crucial process for managing efficiently water supply systems. This paper proposes to develop a novel graph convolutional recurrent neural network (GCRNN) to predict time series of water demand related to some water supply systems or district metering areas that belong to the same geographical area. The aim is to build a graph‐based model able to capture the dependence among the different water demand time series both in spatial and in temporal terms. This model is built on a set of different graphs, and its performance is compared to two methods, including a state‐of‐the‐art deep long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network and a traditional seasonal autoregressive moving average model. Additionally, the forecasting model is tested in a condition when a sensor has a malfunction. The results show the ability of the GCRNN to produce accurate and reliable forecasting, especially when based on graph built while accounting for both time‐series correlation and spatial criteria. The GCRNN consistently outperforms the LSTM during the fault test, showing its ability to generate a robust prediction for days after a sensor malfunction, given the GCRNN's ability to benefit from the other time series of the graph.
Impact of low versus negative estrogen/progesterone receptor status on clinico-pathologic characteristics and survival outcomes in HER2-negative breast cancer
Authors: Yoder Rachel , Kimler Bruce F. , Staley Joshua M. , Schwensen Kelsey , Wang Yen Y. , Finke Karissa , O’Dea Anne , Nye Lauren , Elia Manana , Crane Gregory , McKittrick Richard , Pluenneke Robert , Madhusudhana Sheshadri , Beck Larry , Shrestha Anuj , Corum Larry , Marsico Mark , Stecklein Shane R. , Godwin Andrew K. , Khan Qamar J. , Sharma Priyanka
Published: July 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is classically defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) immunohistochemistry expression <1% and absence of HER2 amplification/overexpression. HER2-negative breast cancer with low ER/PR expression (1–10%) has a gene expression profile similar to TNBC; however, real-world treatment patterns, chemotherapy response, endocrine therapy benefit, and survival outcomes for the Low-ER group are not well known. 516 patients with stage I-III HER2-negative breast cancer and ER/PR expression ≤10% who were enrolled in a multisite prospective registry between 2011 and 2019 were categorized on the basis of ER/PR expression. TNBC (ER and PR < 1%) and Low-ER (ER and/or PR 1–10%) groups comprised 87.4% (n = 451) and 12.6% (n = 65) of patients, respectively. Demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics, including prevalence of germline BRCA1/2 mutation, racial and ethnic distribution, and chemotherapy use were not different between TNBC and Low-ER groups. No difference was observed in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) between TNBC and Low-ER groups (3-year RFS 82.5% versus 82.4%, respectively, p = 0.728; 3-year OS 88.0% versus 83.4%, respectively, p = 0.632). Among 358 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, rates of pathologic complete response were similar for TNBC and Low-ER groups (49.2% vs 51.3%, respectively, p = 0.808). The HER2-negative Low-ER group is often excluded from TNBC clinical trials assessing novel treatments (immunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates), thus limiting efficacy data for newer effective therapies in this group. Given that HER2-negative Low-ER disease displays clinical characteristics and outcomes similar to TNBC, inclusion of this group in TNBC clinical trials is encouraged.
Unnecessary risks created by uncontrolled rocket reentries
Authors: Byers Michael , Wright Ewan , Boley Aaron , Byers Cameron
Published: July 2022

Most space launches result in uncontrolled rocket body reentries, creating casualty risks for people on the ground, at sea and in aeroplanes. These risks have long been treated as negligible, but the number of rocket bodies abandoned in orbit is growing, while rocket bodies from past launches continue to reenter the atmosphere due to gas drag. Using publicly available reports of rocket launches and data on abandoned rocket bodies in orbit, we calculate approximate casualty expectations due to rocket body reentries as a function of latitude. The distribution of rocket body launches and reentries leads to the casualty expectation (that is, risk to human life) being disproportionately borne by populations in the Global South, with major launching states exporting risk to the rest of the world. We argue that recent improvements in technology and mission design make most of these uncontrolled reentries unnecessary, but that launching states and companies are reluctant to take on the increased costs involved. Those national governments whose populations are being put at risk should demand that major spacefaring states act, together, to mandate controlled rocket reentries, create meaningful consequences for non-compliance and thus eliminate the risks for everyone.
A modified fluctuation-test framework characterizes the population dynamics and mutation rate of colorectal cancer persister cells
Authors: Russo Mariangela , Pompei Simone , Sogari Alberto , Corigliano Mattia , Crisafulli Giovanni , Puliafito Alberto , Lamba Simona , Erriquez Jessica , Bertotti Andrea , Gherardi Marco , Di Nicolantonio Federica , Bardelli Alberto , Cosentino Lagomarsino Marco
Published: July 2022

Compelling evidence shows that cancer persister cells represent a major limit to the long-term efficacy of targeted therapies. However, the phenotype and population dynamics of cancer persister cells remain unclear. We developed a quantitative framework to study persisters by combining experimental characterization and mathematical modeling. We found that, in colorectal cancer, a fraction of persisters slowly replicates. Clinically approved targeted therapies induce a switch to drug-tolerant persisters and a temporary 7- to 50-fold increase of their mutation rate, thus increasing the number of persister-derived resistant cells. These findings reveal that treatment may influence persistence and mutability in cancer cells and pinpoint inhibition of error-prone DNA polymerases as a strategy to restrict tumor recurrence.
Reduced neural feedback signaling despite robust neuron and gamma auditory responses during human sleep
Authors: Hayat Hanna , Marmelshtein Amit , Krom Aaron J. , Sela Yaniv , Tankus Ariel , Strauss Ido , Fahoum Firas , Fried Itzhak , Nir Yuval
Published: July 2022

During sleep, sensory stimuli rarely trigger a behavioral response or conscious perception. However, it remains unclear whether sleep inhibits specific aspects of sensory processing, such as feedforward or feedback signaling. Here, we presented auditory stimuli (for example, click-trains, words, music) during wakefulness and sleep in patients with epilepsy, while recording neuronal spiking, microwire local field potentials, intracranial electroencephalogram and polysomnography. Auditory stimuli induced robust and selective spiking and high-gamma (80–200 Hz) power responses across the lateral temporal lobe during both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Sleep only moderately attenuated response magnitudes, mainly affecting late responses beyond early auditory cortex and entrainment to rapid click-trains in NREM sleep. By contrast, auditory-induced alpha–beta (10–30 Hz) desynchronization (that is, decreased power), prevalent in wakefulness, was strongly reduced in sleep. Thus, extensive auditory responses persist during sleep whereas alpha–beta power decrease, likely reflecting neural feedback processes, is deficient. More broadly, our findings suggest that feedback signaling is key to conscious sensory processing.
Proteomic characterisation of triple negative breast cancer cells following CDK4/6 inhibition
Authors: Beykou Melina , Arias-Garcia Mar , Roumeliotis Theodoros I. , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Moser Nicolas , Georgiou Pantelis , Bakal Chris
Published: July 2022

When used in combination with hormone treatment, Palbociclib prolongs progression-free survival of patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Mechanistically, Palbociclib inhibits CDK4/6 activity but the basis for differing sensitivity of cancer to Palbociclib is poorly understood. A common observation in a subset of Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs) is that prolonged CDK4/6 inhibition can engage a senescence-like state where cells exit the cell cycle, whilst, remaining metabolically active. To better understand the senescence-like cell state which arises after Palbociclib treatment we used mass spectrometry to quantify the proteome, phosphoproteome, and secretome of Palbociclib-treated MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. We observed altered levels of cell cycle regulators, immune response, and key senescence markers upon Palbociclib treatment. These datasets provide a starting point for the derivation of biomarkers which could inform the future use CDK4/6 inhibitors in TNBC subtypes and guide the development of potential combination therapies.
Network structure from a characterization of interactions in complex systems
Authors: Rings Thorsten , Bröhl Timo , Lehnertz Klaus
Published: July 2022

Many natural and man-made complex dynamical systems can be represented by networks with vertices representing system units and edges the coupling between vertices. If edges of such a structural network are inaccessible, a widely used approach is to identify them with interactions between vertices, thereby setting up a functional network. However, it is an unsolved issue if and to what extent important properties of a functional network on the global and the local scale match those of the corresponding structural network. We address this issue by deriving functional networks from characterizing interactions in paradigmatic oscillator networks with widely-used time-series-analysis techniques for various factors that alter the collective network dynamics. Surprisingly, we find that particularly key constituents of functional networks—as identified with betweenness and eigenvector centrality—coincide with ground truth to a high degree, while global topological and spectral properties—clustering coefficient, average shortest path length, assortativity, and synchronizability—clearly deviate. We obtain similar concurrences for an empirical network. Our findings are of relevance for various scientific fields and call for conceptual and methodological refinements to further our understanding of the relationship between structure and function of complex dynamical systems.
Imputation-free reconstructions of three-dimensional chromosome architectures in human diploid single-cells using allele-specified contacts
Authors: Hirata Yoshito , Oda Arisa H. , Motono Chie , Shiro Masanori , Ohta Kunihiro
Published: July 2022

Single-cell Hi-C analysis of diploid human cells is difficult because of the lack of dense chromosome contact information and the presence of homologous chromosomes with very similar nucleotide sequences. Thus here, we propose a new algorithm to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) chromosomal architectures from the Hi-C dataset of single diploid human cells using allele-specific single-nucleotide variations (SNVs). We modified our recurrence plot-based algorithm, which is suitable for the estimation of the 3D chromosome structure from sparse Hi-C datasets, by newly incorporating a function of discriminating SNVs specific to each homologous chromosome. Here, we eventually regard a contact map as a recurrence plot. Importantly, the proposed method does not require any imputation for ambiguous segment information, but could efficiently reconstruct 3D chromosomal structures in single human diploid cells at a 1-Mb resolution. Datasets of segments without allele-specific SNVs, which were considered to be of little value, can also be used to validate the estimated chromosome structure. Introducing an additional mathematical measure called a refinement further improved the resolution to 40-kb or 100-kb. The reconstruction data supported the notion that human chromosomes form chromosomal territories and take fractal structures where the dimension for the underlying chromosome structure is a non-integer value.