bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La réforme des services publics au Royaume-Uni. Privatisation, réglementation et libéralisation
Authors: Holmes Peter , McGowan Francis
Published: December 2021

La reforma de los servicios publicos en el Reino Unido. Privatización, regulación y liberalización

Este articulo trata de las interacciones entre privatización, liberalización, regulación y competencia en los servicios publicos. Segun la retorica de los defensores de la privatización, la competencia tendria que sustituir poco a poco al papel regulador del Estado. La realidad muestra que no es tan sencillo. En el Reino-Unido, las privatizaciones han implicado la creación de un sistema de regulación provisorio de los monopolios privados... que podria durar. Ademas, las cuestiones de la responsabilidad de los reguladores, de los beneficios y de los salarios de la empresas privatizadas han causado muchas controversas politicas, lo cual no corresponde a lo que se esperaba.
"Reinventing government". Une réforme de l'État à la mode américaine
Authors: Bernier Lynne , McLemore Lelan
Published: December 2021

Reinventing government est le nom donné à un mouvement de réforme qui émerge dans les années 1980 et qui touche désormais l'ensemble du secteur public aux États-Unis. Face à la crise financière et au mécontentement populaire suscité par le fonctionnement bureaucratique des administrations, il met l'accent sur l'efficacité, la satisfaction des usagers, la décentralisation de l'autorité, la privatisation et l'esprit d'entreprise. Il s'agit ici de présenter les origines, les objectifs, les difficultés d'application et les limites de ce qui apparaît comme la plus importante réforme depuis le début du siècle, lorsque le "mouvement progressiste" a posé les bases d'une administration moderne.
Évaluation des services publics. D'une logique gestionnaire à une logique démocratique
Authors: Floc'hlay Béatrice
Published: December 2021

Evaluación de los servicios publicos. De una lógica gestionaria a una lógica democrática

Frente a la incertidumbre de los efectos de la acción publica y al descontento de los usuarios, los politicos consultan más a los usuarios, y los hacen participar al proceso decisorio. Este articulo trata de demostrar que en este marco, la participación de los usuarios al proceso decisorio necesita métodos de evaluación ex-ante que constituyen verdaderos instrumentes de negociación y de resolución de los conflictos. Parece que una evaluación de tipo participativo, frente a la ineficacia de los modos tradicionales de representación de los ciudadanos (organizaciones politicas y sindicatos), puede constituir un espacio de expresión y de contra-poder imprescindible en el debate democrático.
L'acteur, le groupe et l'institution. Dynamique individuelle et collective de l'urgence
Authors: Dupont Olivier , Lachaud Gérald
Published: December 2021

Cet article propose un point de vue fédérateur sur les processus dynamiques intervenant dans les situations d'urgence. A cette fin, il opère une confrontation des discours institutionnels (l'encadrement de l'urgence) et des discours des acteurs (l'expérience de l'urgence). Il montre que l'urgence est une dynamique entre des phénomènes d'objectivation et d'intériorisation. Les sources des données sont plurielles : le discours suscité d'acteurs, une relecture bibliographique des analyses de situations d'urgence et une exploitation de documents institutionnels, ainsi qu'une étude relative à un domaine d'activité particulier, la gestion du trafic routier.
Les crises et leur gestion. Typologies et temporalités du processus de résolution
Authors: Plottu Éric
Published: December 2021

Partant de l'effondrement du sens et de la perte de l'univers de référence qui caractérisent la situation de crise, nous montrons que la distinction entre les problématiques de choix identitaire, stratégique et de rentabilité permet de caractériser les diverses situations de crise auxquelles toute organisation peut être confrontée. L'étude de la temporalité de la décision attachée à ces problématiques, confrontée aux caractéristiques de la décision dans l'urgence, permet de préciser les enjeux de la gestion des crises organisationnelles. Nous soulignons ensuite la manière dont les modèles comportementaux et les caractéristiques de la décision stratégique favorise l'apparition et le développement des crises les plus graves en interdisant, en particulier, l'émergence d'un apprentissage.
Le développement local face à l'Europe. L'invention du Pays cathare
Authors: Dedieu Olivier , Genieys William
Published: December 2021

Local development in the face of Europe. The invention of the «Pays cathare »

This sociological study of the project of «Pays cathare » development shows how a local policy network innovates in mobilizing a territory. The Pays cathare imagined territory is first defined by the local actors who oppose their conception of development to that of the state agents. The particularity of this policy is reinforced by the logic of action particular to the European policies of aid to development in rural areas (Leader program). However, we then observe the reappearance of the French state administrative services. Also, this process of reinvention of the territory is not without effects on the political actions of the local representatives, particularly in what concerns the links between policy and policies.
La gestion de la qualité dans l'industrie automobile : les vertus de l 'opacité
Authors: Rot Gwenaële
Published: December 2021

En consacrant la transformation du statut du client dans l'entreprise, le management par la qualité totale devient un vecteur puissant de mise en ordre organisationnelle. L'analyse des politiques de qualité totale chez un constructeur automobile fait ressortir l'ambivalence des exigences adressées aux individus dans ce nouveau contexte : renforcement des injonctions et des prescriptions, d'un coté, sollicitation de l'initiative et de la responsabilité, de l'autre, selon un schéma de conformation aux exigences de traçabilité et de dévoilement des actions. La pratique montre que la résolution de ces contradictions passe par la reconstitution d'un minimum d'opacité organisationnelle. En défiant les exigences de transparence, les opérateurs s'efforcent de desserrer le coût des nouveaux dispositifs de contrôle de nature à entraver les prises d'initiatives, en même temps qu'ils réintroduisent une plus grande flexibilité dans le fonctionnement productif. En cela, les processus d' opacification de
La recherche d'assurance, facteur de polarisation urbaine
Authors: Thomas Olivier
Published: December 2021

La bûqueda de seguros como elemento de la polarizacion urbana.

Frente al incremento de la incerdidumbre que émana de la globalization de las economias, este artfculo présenta la busqueda de seguro como una de las caracterfsticas fundamentales de la evolution contemporânea de las relaciones empresas/territorios. Apoyândonos sobre la distincion entre estrategia de anclaje y nomadismo pormenizaremos las distintas formas que este seguro pueda tomar asi como los los términos de la asimilacion entre el acto de localizaciôn y Seguros. Esto nos llevarâ aconsiderar una superaciôn de la oposiciôn entre los distintos ideales tipos de seguros que confortan el fenômeno de la polarizacion urbana. Esta aparecerâ como la traduction espacial perenne de la busqueda de seguros del conjunto de los protagonistas de un territorio.
Les stratégies territoriales des entreprises de presse écrite en province
Authors: Le Bohec Jacques
Published: December 2021

Les journaux locaux n'étant pas des marchandises comme les autres, le sens commun voudrait que les organismes qui les produisent ne soient pas non plus de véritables entreprises. Cependant, quand on examine leurs stratégies territoriales, on s'aperçoit que les arguments du lien communautaire et la fonction miroir servent à justifier les arbitrages financiers, industriels et commerciaux opérés par les patrons de presse.
Improvement of quality and improvement of technology of production of economic alloyed steels for power engineering
Authors: Yuri Projdak , Sergey Podgorniy , Genadii Tregubenko , Georgii Polyakov , Lyubov Podyash
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Investigate the effect of complex microalloying with nitrogen, titanium and aluminum on the structure and properties of cast steels at elevated temperatures.
Methodology. Methods of optical microscopy were used for metallographic analysis of the microstructure of steels. The mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures were determined for static tension, crease and impact bending.
Results. The technology of carbonitride strengthening of silicon-manganese production steels has passed pilot testing. The results of mechanical tests indicate a favorable complex effect of nitrogen, titanium and aluminum on the properties of 20GSL steel in the entire range of operating temperatures.
Scientific novelty. For the first time, the effect of nano-dispersed carbonitride phases (TiN, AlN) on the mechanical properties of low-alloy silicon-manganese steel of the GSL type at elevated temperatures (250-4500C) has been investigated.
Practical value. The use of carbonitride technology for strengthening silicon-manganese heat-resistant electric steel provides an increase in operational reliability, an increase in the service life and reduce the metal consumption of equipment for power engineering.
Keywords: technology, electric steel, heat resistance, carbonitride reinforcement, microalloying, steel 20GSL.
Features of introduction of biogas technologies in the conditions of industrial enterprises of the metallurgical industry
Authors: Viktor Kovalenko , Alisa Kuznetsova , Vitalii Kuznetsov
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes and classifies the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies for cleaning hydrogen sulfide and increasing calorific value by enriching biogas mixtures from various sources. Among them are identified those that are most acceptable from an economic point of view for implementation in heavy industry. A list of available methods and relatively inexpensive reagents for the treatment of biogas in the conditions of metallurgical enterprises, among which technical and ammonia water, waste from steel pickling processes in the form of iron sulfate, and others, is established. The main fuel characteristics of biogas of various origin and composition and natural gas are compared in determining the directions of using alternative fuel in industrial heating plants.
It was determined that thermal and heating furnaces have the greatest potential for adaptation to biogas combustion, since such units are able to work in a wide range of quality, fuel consumption and calorific value. Since the scientific base regarding the possible conversion of these plants to biogas is unstructured, and in many aspects is absent, the creation of appropriate methods, mathematical apparatus and algorithmic tools in this direction is an urgent task.
Keywords: energy efficiency, biogas technologies, biogas, gas, purification, enrichment, industrial furnaces, economic feasibility
About technical and economic indicators of wind and photoelectric stations use in the systems of network consumer railway supply
systems
Authors: Yu Kachan , V Kuznetsov
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To analyze the technical and economic indicators of the use of wind and photovoltaic stations in the power supply systems of non-traction consumers of railway power grids.
The research methodology is based on modern methods of computational mathematics, statistics and information analysis using modern computer technology.
Findings. The authors analyze the current prerequisites for the use of electricity generated from renewable sources (wind and photovoltaic stations) to supply non-traction consumers of railway power grids. The authors note that for reliable power supply to non-traction consumers in the presence of accidental wind flow or intensity of solar radiation, the capacity of wind and photovoltaic plants will need to be significantly overestimated, which leads to a significant increase in capital costs for construction. The paper presents examples of implementation of options for the construction of the above wind and photovoltaic stations for the variable nature of wind speed and intensity of solar radiation for specific regions of Ukraine (Vasylivka, Zaporizhia region). The authors present variants of the basic schemes of wind, solar and combined electric power supply systems for non-traction consumers. Information on technical and economic indicators of the most common domestic photo modules and wind turbines on the Ukrainian market is provided.
The originality of the work is reflected in the examples of the introduction of options for the construction of wind and photovoltaic stations for the variable nature of wind speed and intensity of solar radiation for specific regions of Ukraine.
Practical implications. The above calculation of the cost of the required number of power sources at wind, solar and combined power plants helps to choose the least expensive option for the introduction of renewable energy sources for non-traction consumers of railway networks.
Keywords: renewable energy sources, photovoltaic installation, railway power supply networks, non-traction consumers of railway power grids, electricity production, solar radiation intensity, wind flow rate, capital expenditures.
A Metodologia das Producoes Narrativas na Formacao de Educadores do Campo: Educacao Emancipatoria na Construcao de Um Novo Paradigma Etico-Politico-Estetico
Authors: Santos Marcelo Loures dos , Silva Diego Gonzaga Duarte da
Published: December 2021

A Educação do Campo noBrasil emerge nos anos 1990 a partir das reivindicações de movimentos sociais por uma educação de qualidade no Campo. Os cursos de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo (LEdoCs) foi uma de suas conquistas, tendo como proposta pedagógica articular as experiências educativas dos movimentos camponeses e os conhecimentos acadêmicos. Essa pesquisa utilizou entrevistas narrativas para auxiliar nessa articulação. Foram realizadas três entrevistas narrativas com uma estudante de uma LEdoC buscando aprofundar, esclarecer e contextualizar suas experiências educativas. O conhecimento emancipação foi o referencial analítico adotado caracterizado em suas dimensões ético-político-estético. A análise das narrativas evidenciou que a percepção do universo vivido foi ampliada e apropriada pela entrevistada; a narrativa favorece a emergência de manifestações do senso comum ético-político-estético, fortalecendo as comunidades discursivas; os movimentos camponeses organizados retiram os sujeitos do campo de condições de abandono; a educação de qualidade pode fortalecer movimentos emancipatórios.
Bioremediation of areas devastated by industrial waste
Authors: Osmanovic Zehrudin , Haracic Nedzad , Sarajlic İbrahim , Dubravac Amila , Halilčević Eldin
Published: December 2021

The object of research in this paper are industrial landfills, i.e. finding the best way to change their purpose and turning them into useful areas. As a method, bioremediation was chosen, i.e. planting of certain biological species in order to change the composition of the soil. Paulownia elongata was selected from the biological species. For the purpose of the research, the location was selected and the plant species planted in the appropriate industrial substrate (ash created by burning fossil fuels) and its change in chemical composition and morphology during the two years of vegetation was monitored.
Study of the biosorption efficiency of seaweed species collected from the Black Sea for heavy metals removal in industrial wastewaters
Authors: Căpriță Florina Cristiana , Ene Antoaneta
Published: December 2021

In this article, it will be presented the results obtained from research conducted in order to reduce the concentrations of metals in industrial wastewater resulted from heavy metal polluting industries, especially the metallurgical industry. Most of the world's water sources are profoundly negatively affected by human activities, and the population faces critical water supply and drinking water quality problems. Millions of people develop various diseases from drinking water from unsafe or poor quality sources, creating a global public health problem. Due to massive industrialisation, current water treatment methods are outdated, which is why water treatment and purification laws, regulations, and controls need to be updated to minimise and stop contamination of the food chain. It is the responsibility of the researchers to make the public aware of the dangers to which they are exposed due to their own negligence and to offer possible solutions to these problems. New, reliable, viable, cheap, and sustainable technologies must be developed to improve drinking water quality. One such technology that can be developed and implemented is using the biological method of biosorption. Stranded seaweed on the Romanian Black Sea coast is currently treated as waste, but it could be exploited as biomass in the biosorption process. The research aimed to investigate the possibility of valorification of macrophyte seaweed species in this direction. Five different species of stranded macrophyte seaweed were collected and used to remove selected metallic ions (Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu) from a source of wastewater resulted from the metallurgical industry processes. The wastewater samples were analyzed before and after the application of the biosorption technique using the spectrophotometric method.
Color space influence on ANN skin lesion classification using statistics texture feature
Authors: Damian Felicia Anisoara , Moldovanu Simona , Moraru Luminita
Published: December 2021

This study aims to investigate the ability of an artificial neural network to differentiate between malign and benign skin lesions based on two statistics terms and for RGB (R red, G green, B blue) and YIQ (Y luminance, and I and Q chromatic differences) color spaces. The targeted statistics texture features are skewness (S) and kurtosis (K) which are extracted from the histograms of each color channel corresponding to the color spaces and for the two classes of lesions: nevi and melanomas. The extracted data is used to train the Feed-Forward Back Propagation Networks (FFBPNs). The number of neurons in the hidden layer varies: it can be 8, 16, 24, or 32. The results indicate skewness features computed for the red channel in the RGB color space as the best choice to reach the goal of our study. The reported result shows the advantages of monochrome channels representation for skin lesions diagnosis.
Feed-Forward Back Propagation Network for the prediction of diabetic retinopathy disorder
Authors: Moraru Luminita , Moldovanu Simona , (Lăzărescu) Dincă Andreea-Monica
Published: December 2021

Some retina disorders mainly involve some blocked blood clots so that, the retinal vessels change their structure, being unable to completely nourish the retina. For an accurate investigation of retina disorders, the extraction of the retinal vessel anatomical structures or lesions is the main task. This paper reports a combination of various features extracted from retinal images, that are further used to train a Feed-Forward Back Propagation Network (FFBPN) as a decision system. The main goal is determining the combination of the appropriate features for more accurate classification of healthy and diseased patients. To achieve this goal, 120 binary images covering both categories of patients that belong to the STARE (Structured Analysis of the Retina) database were analyzed. The input data are the number of ridges, bifurcation, and bridges for retinal vessel pattern recognition. The FFBPNs with 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 neurons in the hidden layer are trained. The FFBNP architecture with 12 neurons in the hidden layer, using the tansig transfer function in the hidden layer and linear transfer function in the output layer provides the most appropriate model for retinopathy disease classification. The correlation between the number of ridges and bridges computed for healthy patients (as actual values) and the number of ridges and bridges for diabetic patients (as predicted values) provides the best result, a regression coefficient (R) of 0. 8575 and a mean-square error (MSE) of 0.00163.
Effect of Inflation and Economic Growth on The Rate of Unemployment
Authors: Azaluddin Azaluddin , Hanifa Lia
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of inflation and economic growth on the unemployment rate in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative research. Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression with a random effect model, which was processed using the EViews 10 application. The population in this study was all provinces in Indonesia in 2016-2018. The sample in this study was 34 provinces in Indonesia. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The results of this study indicate that inflation and economic growth have a negative and insignificant effect on the unemployment rate in Indonesia. Based on the F test and t test, inflation and economic growth variables have no significant effect on the unemployment rate in Indonesia, either partially or simultaneously.
Poder del músculo esquelético en la salud y enfermedad
Authors: Mahecha Matsudo Sandra Marcela
Published: December 2021

Las evidencias científicas son contundentes en mostrar que la inactividad física y el comportamiento sedentario tienen efectos perjudiciales en el músculo esquelético, las arterias, el miocardio y las mitocondrias, lo que aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, metabólicas, cáncer y, por tanto, la mortalidad prematura. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los mecanismos fisiológicos de las miocinas liberadas por la contracción del músculo esquelético con el ejercicio físico y la aplicación clínica en la salud y enfermedad de niños y adultos. El ejercicio físico regular libera miocinas, que tienen la capacidad de generar efectos fisiológicos autocrinos, paracrinos y endocrinos, que conllevan respuestas asociadas con mejorar el metabolismo del tejido adiposo, hepático, pancreático, vascular, inmunológico, renal, intestinal y óseo, e impactan también la salud cerebral y cognitiva. El efecto de las miocinas en el cerebro explica la mejora en el desempeño cognitivo y en el comportamiento de niños y adolescentes, así como la prevención del deterioro cognitivo asociado con el envejecimiento. Los profesionales de la salud deben usar la prescripción del ejercicio físico en el ámbito clínico para el tratamiento y control de la obesidad, diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer, enfermedades reumáticas, neuropsiquiátricas, y promover la salud física y mental en la población. Palabras clave: miocinas, ejercicio, salud, músculo esquelético.
Factores de riesgo modificables de enfermedad cerebrovascular en pacientes que han sufrido un ictus
Authors: Meza-Miranda Eliana R. , Romero-Espínola Nélida R. , Báez Ortíz Emma A.
Published: December 2021

Introducción: el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) es una enfermedad neurológica cuyo impacto a nivel de salud pública es de relevancia debido a su alta incidencia, mortalidad y grado de invalidez. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo modificables en pacientes con ACV del Hospital Central de la Policía “Rigoberto Caballero”. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en pacientes adultos con antecedente de ACV hospitalizados. Se evaluaron las variables de estado nutricional y factores de riesgo modificables (hipertensión arterial [HTA], dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 [DM2], tabaquismo y cardiopatías). Se muestran el promedio y las desviaciones estándar, según corresponda. Las variables cualitativas fueron expresadas en frecuencia (n) y porcentaje (%). Resultados: se evaluó un total de 70 pacientes al ingreso, el 54 % fue de sexo femenino y el promedio de edad fue de 69,1 ± 12,24 años. El tipo de ACV predominante fue el isquémico (84,3 %) y la mayoría tenía un peso adecuado (34,3 %), seguido de sobrepeso (31,4 %). La mayoría presentó niveles deseables de colesterol total (64,3 %), niveles bajos de colesterol HDL (lipoproteína de alta densidad; 91,4 %), límite elevado de colesterol LDL (lipoproteína de baja densidad; 47,1 %) y niveles normales de triglicéridos (< 150 mg/dL, 38,5 %). Con respecto a los demás factores de riesgo, la mayoría tenía HTA (81,4 %). Conclusión: en pacientes con antecedente de ACV, el factor de riesgo modificable predominante fue el de HTA, seguido de los niveles bajos de colesterol HDL. En este sentido, se resalta el papel del nutricionista para el cuidado de estos pacientes en el tratamiento de estos factores para su control o reducción, con el fin de evitar otro evento cerebrovascular. Palabras clave: accidente cerebrovascular, obesidad, dislipidemia, alcoholismo, tabaquismo.
Nastrój i emocje Polaków podczas pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Twardowska-Staszek Estera , Seredyńska Anna , Rostek Irmina , Biel SJ Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem badań była diagnoza nastroju i emocji dorosłych Polaków w czasie pandemii COVID‑19 oraz analiza związku między wymiarami nastroju i emocjami a zmiennymi socjodemograficznymi. PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Aby odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jaki nastrój i jakie emocje do‑ minują u Polaków w czasie pandemii COVID‑19, zastosowano dwa wystandaryzowane narzędzia badawcze: Przymiotnikową Skalę Nastroju (UMACL) Matthewsa, Chamberlaina i Jonesa w polskiej adaptacji Goryńskiej i Skalę Uczuć Pozytywnych i Negatywnych (SUPIN) Watsona i Clark w pol‑ skiej adaptacji Brzozowskiego. W badaniu wzięło udział 595 uczestników, wśród których 80,50% to kobiety, 19,50% to mężczyźni. Badani byli w wieku od 18 do 75 lat. PROCES WYWODU: Przeprowadzono analizę statystyczną z wykorzystaniem metod statystyki opisowej oraz testów nieparametrycznych: Manna‑Whitneya i Kruskala‑Wallisa. Po wykryciu istot‑ nych statystycznie różnic wykonano analizę post‑hoc testem Dunna w celu zidentyfikowania róż‑ niących się istotnie statystycznie grup. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Przewlekła pandemijna codzienność w znaczący sposób wpły‑ nęła na kondycję psychiczną Polaków, powodując obniżenie nastroju i dominację uczuć negatyw‑ nych. Obecne ustalenia sugerują, że pandemia COVID‑19 ma negatywne konsekwencje dla zdrowia psychicznego, zwłaszcza wśród kobiet (płeć żeńska związana z nasileniem pobudzenia napięcio‑ wego i negatywnymi uczuciami) oraz osób z niższym wykształceniem, w tym uczniów i studentów. WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Niniejsze badanie wnosi istotny wkład w identyfika‑ cję potencjalnych grup ryzyka dla zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego podczas pandemii COVID‑19. Te grupy mogą wymagać szczególnej uwagi i wsparcia poprzez wdrażanie programów profilaktycznych lub opieki psychologicznej w celu zapobiegania długoterminowym negatywnym konsekwencjom dla zdrowia psychicznego.
Zjawisko niewidoczności w czasach zdalnego nauczania jako bezprecedensowy sprawdzian współodpowiedzialności w edukacji
Authors: Tomas Iwona
Published: December 2021

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem rozważań jest zaprezentowanie i możliwie wieloaspektowe omówienie zjawiska uczniowskiej „niewidoczności” w czasach, gdy nauka systemowa po raz pierwszy została realizowana w formie distance teaching. PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Głównym problemem publikacji jest ujęcie i w konsekwencji zaprezentowanie wieloaspektowości zjawiska uczniowskiej „niewidoczności” w czasach zdalnego nauczania. Czynnikiem inicjującym prezentowane rozważania było doświadczenie autorki zanurzonej w konkretnym wycinku rzeczywistości edukacyjnej. Zastosowana została strategia poszukiwawcza (bazująca na analizie) wobec omawianego zagadnienia, pytań o jego istotę, specyfikę i strukturę oraz wobec odczytywania sensu i znaczenia obserwowanych zjawisk. PROCES WYWODU: We wprowadzeniu opisany został sposób komunikowania się podczas działań e‑learningowych, dzięki czemu możliwe stało się ukazanie zagadnienia komunikacyjnej nieprzejrzystości i wiążącej się z nią uczniowskiej niewidoczności. W kolejnych częściach niewidoczność ukazana została jako potrzeba, niebezpieczeństwo oraz bezprecedensowy test współczesnej edukacji, która nierzadko wypiera istnienie świadomie współodpowiedzialnego podejścia do uczenia się i nauczania. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Finalna analiza omawianego zjawiska dość nieoczekiwanie przekierowuje odbiorcę ze zjawiska niewidoczności na problem braku uczniowskiej i nauczycielskiej współodpowiedzialności. Ten specyficzny deficyt odczuwania i poczuwania się do współodpowiedzialności przedstawiony zostaje jako główna przyczyna „niskiej noty” za zdalne nauczanie. WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Niniejsza publikacja wskazuje na konieczność pielęgnowania poczucia dydaktyczno‑wychowawczej współodpowiedzialności, której występowanie w czasach zdalnego nauczania mogłoby stać się równoważne z rozwiązaniem problemu niepożądanego zjawiska niewidoczności w czasach zdalnego nauczania.
SOME INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE CORRECTION OF VALVULAR HEART DISEASES. REVIEW
Authors:   JSC «A.N. Syzganov National Scientific Center for Surgery», Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sagatov Inkar , Kudaibergen Askhat , Momynov Bakhytzhan
Published: December 2021

Valve defects or congenital/acquired heart defects are damage to the valve and/or subvalvular structures, which leads to impaired hemodynamics and the development of heart failure. Asymptomatic valvular heart disease is present in 2.5% of the population; with age, this figure rises to 13%. In the absence of permanent treatment, lesions of the heart valves significantly reduce the quality and duration of life. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) regularly review the effectiveness of new surgical treatments and reflect their findings in international guidelines. Today, minimally invasive surgery is the most effective and safe way to treat patients with valvular heart disease. The article presents two new methods for the treatment of valvular heart disease. Transapical mitral valve repair on a beating heart with neochord implantation (TOP-MINI) is a new MVP option that has been approved for patients with severe mitral regurgitation due to prolapse of the leaflet (s) or chord (grades 2-4). The new procedure with the NeoChord DS1000 device results in a significant reduction in mitral regurgitation and in reverse remodeling of the left ventricle and left atrium after 6 months of follow-up. Also reviewed is Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement (MAVR), which has been shown to be beneficial in improving patient satisfaction by minimizing pain and earlier recovery. Sutureless valves are preferred over traditional aortic valve replacement (AVR) due to the reduced operation time and the need for blood transfusion. The Perceval valve (Sorin, Sallugia, Italy) is a self-expanding bovine pericardial prosthesis placed in a nitinol stent designed to facilitate aortic valve implantation. A systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that the early clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of the Perceval valve are satisfactory and comparable to those of conventional AVRs. This literature review was carried out in accordance with the PRISM statement. The databases searched in this review included Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases for systematic reviews
EVALUATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE FORM OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS DURING LASER PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
Authors:   Scientific Surgery Center named after Acad. М. А. Topchubashov, Baku, Azerbaijan Republic, Aghayev Rauf , Sadikhov Fatta , Aliyev Fikrat
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study. To study the nature and dynamics of changes in humoral and local immunity during laser photodynamic therapy in patients with diffuse forms of autoimmune thyroiditis. Materials and methods. Laboratory tests of blood plasma were performed on 160 patients with long-lasting autoimmune thyroiditis in different age groups to determine humoral and local immunity. Here, information on the level of immunoglobulins A, G, M (IgA, IgG, IgM), the amount of interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was determined in blood samples by the immunoenzyme method. The dynamics of laboratory parameters in all three groups of patients were studied on days 7 and 15 of treatment. These values were determined using reactives from “VectorBest” LLC (Russia). Results. In elderly patients with long-term autoimmune thyroiditis, a downward trend in TNF indices has been observed, which is an indication of the severity of the pathological process. The higher the amount of α2-MG in autoimmune thyroiditis and diffuse toxic urination, and the slower the normalization during treatment, the higher the probability of recurrence of the process. Conclusion. The combined use of modern laser technology in the treatment of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis expands the possibilities of conservative therapy and complements the arsenal of effective methods of treatment of this disease. The simplicity of the methods, ease of application, reliability, the absence of thermal effects on the thyroid gland creates ample opportunities for the application of this method in clinical practice.
Use of heavy dielectric materials in solidly mounted A1 mode resonators based on lithium niobate
Authors: Wu Zhaohui , Shi Bin , Li Yawei , Temesgen Bailie Workie , Wong Yu-po , Bao Jingfu , Hashimoto Ken-ya
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the applicability of dielectric materials with high acoustic impedance Z
a for use in A1 Lamb mode solidly mounted resonator (SMR) with large electromechanical coupling coefficient k

2
. The study first shows that the use of metal as a reflector creates parasitic capacitance C
p, which reduces k

2
significantly. Then, A1 Lamb mode SMRs are designed using HfN, HfO2, WN, WO3 etc., and achievable performances are compared. When either HfN, HfO2, WN, or WO3 is employed, relative large k

2
up to 25% is achievable. For further k

2
enhancement, a hybrid reflector configuration is also examined, wherein HfN is applied only to the top high Z
a layer and W is applied to the others. The result indicates that C
p caused by the W layers is still significant, and k

2
becomes worse in total.
Analytical models for inter-layer tunneling in two-dimensional materials
Authors: Mori Nobuya , Hashimoto Futo , Mishima Takaya , Tanaka Hajime
Published: December 2021

The analytical formula of the transmission function of the inter-layer intra-band tunneling is derived for coupled narrow two-dimensional materials. Analytical models of the intra-band tunneling conductance G, the transmission function of the inter-layer band-to-band tunneling, and the maximum band-to-band tunneling current I
max, are also obtained. G and I
max are shown to exhibit different characteristics depending on the channel length.
Pulse-by-pulse optical observation of laser-irradiated thin glass substrate using oil-immersion microscopy
Authors: Yanagisawa Yuta , Matsuo Shigeki
Published: December 2021

To study the formation mechanism of laser-induced periodic surface structures, we carried out a pulse-by-pulse optical observation of laser-induced surface morphological changes on thin glass substrates. We adopted oil-immersion microscopy, which has a higher spatial resolution than dry microscopy, and the laser was irradiated from the air side. A thin transparent substrate of coverslip was used as the sample. When a scratched coverslip was irradiated with focused subnanosecond laser pulses of 1.064 μm wavelength, periodic structures occasionally appeared in the flat region near the focus, with a period of about 0.55 μm.
Selective arrangement of vesicles on artificial lipid membrane by biotin-avidin interaction
Authors: Hashino Kai , Mombayashi Daiya , Nakatani Yuto , Oshima Azusa , Yamaguchi Masumi , Heya Akira , Sumitomo Koji
Published: December 2021

Lipid bilayers suspended over microwells on Si substrates are promising platforms for nanobiodevices that mimic cell membranes. Using the biotin-avidin interaction, we have succeeded in selectively arranging vesicles on the freestanding region of a lipid bilayer. When ternary lipid mixtures of saturated lipid, unsaturated lipid, and cholesterol are used, they separate into liquid-order (L
o) and liquid-crystalline (L

α
) domains. A freestanding lipid bilayer prefers the L

α
-phase over the L
o-phase because of the difference in their flexibility. In addition, the type of biotinylated lipid determines whether it is localized in the L

α
-phase domain or the L
o-phase domain. As a result, the biotinylated unsaturated lipids localized in the L

α
-phase domain aggregate in the freestanding lipid bilayer, and vesicles labeled with biotin selectively bind to the freestanding lipid bilayer by the biotin-avidin interaction. This technique helps to introduce biomolecules into the freestanding lipid bilayer of nanobiodevices via vesicles.
Influence of microphone characteristics on demodulated sound measurement in near field of parametric loudspeaker
Authors: Nomura Hideyuki , Sato Hiroki
Published: December 2021

This study evaluates the accuracy of demodulated sound measurements using a condenser microphone in the near field of a parametric loudspeaker system. Microphones with different sensitivities placed at incidence angles of 0° and 90° were used to measure demodulation frequency components without special acoustic filters. The measured components were compared with theoretical predictions. The results show that the measured sound pressure using microphones placed at 0° was up to several tens of decibels larger than the theoretical predictions and significantly inaccurate in the near field. This was due to the nonlinear response of the microphone, which had high sensitivity at primary sound frequencies, inducing spurious signals. This result suggests that using a microphone with low sensitivity at primary sound frequencies placed at an appropriate angle that reduces sensitivity improves parametric sound measurement accuracy.
High-performance p-channel transistors on flexible substrate using direct roll transfer stamping
Authors: Zumeit Ayoub , Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Christou Adamos , Dahiya Ravinder
Published: December 2021

Flexible electronics with high-performance devices are crucial for transformative advances in several emerging and traditional applications. To address this need, herein we present p-type silicon (Si) nanoribbons (NR)-based high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs) developed using an innovative direct roll transfer stamping (DRTS) process. First, ultrathin Si NRs (∼70 nm) are obtained from silicon on insulator wafers using the conventional top-down method, and then the DRTS method is employed to directly place the NRs onto flexible substrates at RT. The NRFETs are then developed following the RT fabrication process which includes deposition of high-quality SiN
x
dielectric. The fabricated p-channel transistors demonstrate high linear mobility ∼100 ± 10 cm2 V−1 s−1, current on/off ratio >104, and low gate leakage (<1 nA). Further, the transistors showed robust device performance under mechanical bending and at a wide temperature range (15 °C–90 °C), showing excellent potential for futuristic high-performance flexible electronic devices/circuits.
Simulation study for GaN-based hybrid trench MOS barrier Schottky diode with an embedded p-type NiO termination: increased forward current density and enhanced breakdown voltage
Authors: Huang Fuping , Chu Chunshuang , Jia Xingyu , Tian Kangkai , Zhang Yonghui , Zheng Quan , Li Qing , Zhang Zi-Hui
Published: December 2021

In this work, a hybrid trench MOS barrier Schottky diode (TMBS) structure is proposed to improve both the forward current density and the breakdown voltage by using TCAD simulation tools. The hybrid structure means that the conventional TMBS rectifier is combined with a p-NiO/n-GaN diode. According to our study, when the device is in the forward-biased condition, the embedded p-type NiO layer forms a PN junction. This can modulate the lateral energy bands by removing the conduction band barriers for electrons. Thus, the improved current spreading effect and the better conductivity modulation can be obtained, leading to the increased current density. Meanwhile, the embedded p-type NiO layer can also help to reduce the electric field at the Schottky contact interface and the edge of anode contact/p-NiO layer interface. Thus, the breakdown voltage can be improved remarkably. Moreover, a detailed optimization strategy for the hybrid TMBS is also analyzed by varying the p-NiO layer thickness (T
NiO) and the lengths of the anode electrode that is covered on the p-NiO layer (L
A).
Le domande si porgono o si pongono? Ci avete posto o porto un quesito?
Authors: di Valvasone Luisa
Published: December 2021

Alcuni lettori ci interrogano su quale sia la forma corretta: porre o porgere un quesito? pongo o porgo una domanda?
Theoretical and practical fundamentals of musical folklore processing in the works of diaspora artists
Authors: Duda Larysa
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical principles of processing samples of folk music. Musical folklore is transformed in composition and performance, including for bandura, by arrangement and its varieties (harmonization, transposition, arrangement, improvisation, etc.). Musical folklore is an integral part of the bandura’s repertoire, presented in the form of vocal-instrumental and instrumental arrangements, as well as instrumental works for solo and ensemble performance. Authentic, classical and modern methods of music processing, as well as creative (author ‘s) and complex approaches are distinguished. The authentic method is inherent mainly in the art of kobzars-bandurists, who were the authors of dumas, historical and other songs and created them simultaneously with the bandura accompaniment. The classical method has been dominant since the second half of the XXth century up until now. The modern approach occurs mainly from the end of the XXth century. The transformation of folklore samples often consists in changing the genre of the original source, the environment of performance, the functional purpose of the work, the appearance of instrumental bandura accompaniment, the change of group singing into solo performance or vice versa. Genres of Ukrainian musical folklore are widely represented in the art of bandura players in Ukraine and abroad. As a result of the analysis of creativity for a bandura of the second hakf of the XX – beg. XXI centuries, in particular artists of the Ukrainian diaspora, it was found that musical folklore to a greater or lesser extent became the subject of works by L. Haidamaka, O. Herasymenko-Oliinyk, Н. Kytasty, R. Levytsky, V. Mishalow, Y. Oliinyk, P. Potapenko , M. Teliga, Z. Shtokalko and others. It is determined that vocal-instrumental arrangements of folk songs, instrumental arrangements of dance music, as well as instrumental works based on Ukrainian musical folklore, occupy an important place in the work of bandura performers and composers in Ukraine and abroad.
Ultrathin and Simple Frequency Selective Rasorber Based on Ferrite Absorber with Embedded Epsilon-Near-Zero Tunneling Channels
Authors: Zhong Shuomin , Feng Jiaqi , Zheng Zi-Wei , Ma Yungui
Published: December 2021

An ultrathin and simple frequency-selective rasorber (FSR) with a passband located within a wide absorption band is proposed. The ultrawide absorption band is obtained by employing commercial magnetic materials in the absorption channel and the passband is realized using epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) tunneling waveguides. The attractively ultrathin and simple feature is achieved by utilizing tunneling effect at the cutoff frequency of metallic waveguides with arbitrary length, permitting the overall thickness shrink into to the same as that of the absorber.
Opportunistic Use of Crowdsourced Workers for Online Relabeling of Potential Adversarial Examples
Authors: Al-Maliki Shawqi , El Bouanani Faissal , Ahmad Kashif , Abdallah Mohamed , Hoang Dinh , Niyato Dusit , Al-Fuqaha Ala
Published: December 2021

Deep Neural Networks (DDNs) have achieved tremendous success in handling various Machine Learning (ML) tasks, such as speech recognition, Natural Language Processing, and image classification. However, they have shown vulnerability to well-designed inputs called adversarial examples. Researchers in industry and academia have proposed many adversarial example defense techniques. However, none can provide complete robustness. The cutting-edge defense techniques offer partial reliability. Thus, complementing them with another layer of protection is a must, especially for mission-critical applications. This paper proposes a novel Online Selection and Relabeling Algorithm (OSRA) that opportunistically utilizes a limited number of crowdsourced workers (budget-constraint crowdsourcing) to maximize the ML system’s robustness. OSRA strives to use crowdsourced workers effectively by selecting the most suspicious inputs (the potential adversarial examples) and moving them to the crowdsourced workers to be validated and corrected (relabeled). As a result, the impact of adversarial examples gets reduced, and accordingly, the ML system becomes more robust. We also proposed a heuristic threshold selection method that contributes to enhancing the prediction system’s reliability. We empirically validated our proposed algorithm and found that it can efficiently and optimally utilize the allocated budget for crowdsourcing. It is also effectively integrated with a state-ofthe- art black-box (transfer-based) defense technique, resulting in a more robust system. Simulation results show that OSRA can outperform a random selection algorithm by 60% and achieve comparable performance to an optimal offline selection benchmark. They also show that OSRA’s performance has a positive correlation with system robustness.
Transient-based automatic incident detection method for intelligent transport systems
Authors: Nagy Attila M. , Wiandt Bernát , Simon Vilmos
Published: December 2021

One of the major problems of traffic in big cities today is the occurrence of congestion phenomena on the road network, which has several serious effects not only on the lives of drivers, but also on city inhabitants. In order to deal with these phenomena, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding of the processes that lead to the occurrence of congestion and its spilling over into contiguous areas of the city.
Demonstrating BB84 Quantum Key Distribution in the Physical Layer of an Optical Fiber Based System
Authors: Czermann Márton , Trócsányi Péter , Kis Zsolt , Kovács Benedek , Bacsárdi László
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, widely spread encryption methods (e.g., RSA) and protocols enabling digital signatures (e.g., DSA, ECDSA) are an integral part of our life. Although recently developed quantum computers have low processing capacity, huge dimensions and lack of interoperability, we must underline their practical significance – applying Peter Shor’s quantum algorithm (which makes it possible to factorize integers in polynomial time) public key cryptography is set to become breakable. As an answer, symmetric key cryptography proves to be secure against quantum based attacks and with it quantum key distribution (QKD) is going through vast development and growing to be a hot topic in data security. This is due to such methods securely generating symmetric keys by protocols relying on laws of quantum physics.
Test generation algorithm for the All-Transition-State criteria of Finite State Machines
Authors: Németh Gábor Árpád , Lugosi Máté István
Published: December 2021

In the current article a novel test generation algorithm is presented for deterministic finite state machine specifications based on the recently introduced All-Transition-State criteria. The size of the resulting test suite and the time required for test suite generation are investigated through analytical and practical analyses and are also compared to the Transition Tour, Harmonized State Identifiers and random walk test generation methods. The fault detection capabilities of the different approaches are also investigated with simulations applying randomly injected transfer faults.