bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kicking The Barking Dog Effect: Effects of Anger and Trigger Identity on Triggered Displaced Aggression
Authors: Liu Shen , Hong Xinwei , Zhu Zhuan , Song Minghua , Liu Feng , Guo Zhibin , Gan Yetong , Zhang Lin
Published: March 2021

Based on “kicking the barking dog” effect, this study investigated the mechanism of triggered displaced aggression from the perspectives of individuals and groups. The results revealed that (1) when the provocation and triggering situation appeared simultaneously, individuals showed a stronger hostile attribution and aggression toward the trigger; (2) The hostile attribution played a complete mediating role in the influence of anger on the triggered displaced aggression, and the triggering situation played a moderating role. In case of triggering situations, individuals showed stronger hostile attribution with an increase in anger. When there was no triggering situation, the change in anger had no significant effect; (3) Trigger identity played a moderating role in the path of “anger → hostile attribution → triggered displaced aggression” in the triggering situation. Compared with the in-group of the trigger, individuals made stronger judgments of hostile attribution to the out-group of the trigger, when in a state of anger, and subsequently activated the triggered displaced aggression. However, for the out-group of trigger, there was no significant effect. This study expands the scope of application of kicking the barking dog effect and provides suggestions for controlling the escalation of intergroup conflicts.
Inhibition of c-Fos expression attenuates IgE-mediated mast cell activation and allergic inflammation by counteracting an inhibitory AP1/Egr1/IL-4 axis
Authors: Wang Hui-Na , Ji Kunmei , Zhang Li-Na , Xie Chu-Chu , Li Wei-Yong , Zhao Zhen-Fu , Chen Jia-Jie
Published: March 2021

Background: Activator protein-1 (AP1), a c-Fos–JUN transcription factor complex, mediates many cytobiological processes. c-Fos has been implicated in immunoglobulin (Ig)E activation of mast cells (MCs) via high-affinity IgE Fc receptor (FcεRI) binding. This study examined c-Fos involvement in MC activation and tested the effects of the c-Fos/AP1 inhibitor T-5224 on MCs activation and allergic responses. Methods: In vitro studies were conducted with two MC model systems: rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBLs) and mouse bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs). MC degranulation and effector functions were examined with β-hexosaminidase release and cytokine secretion assays. c-Fos/AP1 was inhibited with T-5224. c-Fos activity was suppressed with short hairpin RNA targeting c-Fos (shFos). In vivo immune responses were evaluated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) models, as well as in an oxazolone (OXA)-induced model of atopic dermatitis, a common allergic disease. Results: c-Fos expression was elevated transcriptionally and translationally in IgE-stimulated MCs. c-Fos binding of the Egr1 (early growth response 1) promoter upregulated Egr1 transcription, leading to production of interleukin (IL)4. T-5224 reduced FcεRI-mediated MC degranulation (evidenced by β-hexosaminidase activity and histamine levels) and diminished EGR1 and IL4 expression. T-5224 attenuated IgE-mediated allergic responses in PCA and ASA models, and it suppressed MC-mediated atopic dermatitis in mice.Conclusion: IgE binding can activate MCs via a c-Fos/Egr1/IL-4 axis. T-5224 suppresses MC activation in vitro and in vivo and thus represents a promising potential strategy for targeting MC activation to treat allergic diseases.
Unlocking fiscal space of expanding the health workforce in district health systems in Uganda in the context of PEPFAR transition  
Authors: Zakumumpa Henry , Rujumba Joseph , Woldekidan Amde , Shumbusho Respicius Damian , Ssengooba Freddie
Published: March 2021

Although expanding fiscal space for health worker recruitments could reduce workforce shortages in Sub-Saharan Africa, effective strategies for achieving this are still unclear. We aimed to understand the process of transitioning health workers (HWs) from PEPFAR to Government of Uganda (GoU) payrolls and to explore the facilitators and barriers encountered in increasing domestic financial responsibility for absorbing this transitioned workforce. We conducted a multiple case-study of 10 (out of 87) districts in Uganda which received PEPFAR support between 2013 and 2015 to expand their health workforce. We purposively selected eight districts with the highest absorption rates (‘High absorbers’) and two with the lowest absorption rates (‘Low absorbers’). A total of 66 interviews were conducted with high-level officials in three Ministries of Finance, Health and Public Service (n = 14), representatives of PEPFAR implementing organizations (n = 16), District Health Teams (n = 15) and facility managers (n = 22). Twelve focus groups were conducted with 87 HWs absorbed on GoU payrolls. We utilized the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to guide thematic analysis. At sub-national level, facilitators of transition in ‘high absorber’ districts were identified as the presence of transition ‘champions’, prioritizing HWs in district wage bill commitments, host facilities providing ‘bridge financing’ to transition workforce during salary delays and receiving donor technical support in district wage bill analysis- attributes which were absent in ‘low absorber’ districts. At national-level, multi-sectoral engagements (incorporating the influential Ministry of Finance), developing a joint transition road map, aligning with GoU salary scales and recruitment processes emerged as facilitators of the transition process. Overall, PEPFAR support acted as a catalyst for increasing GoU and facility-level budget allocations towards expanding the health workforce in focus districts in Uganda. Our case-studies offer implementation research lessons on effective donor transition and insights into pragmatic strategies for expanding fiscal space for health in a low-income setting.
Clinical, Microbiological And Immunological Effects Of Systemic Probiotics In Periodontal Treatment: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Retamal-Valdes Belen , Teughels Wim , Oliveira Laryssa Macedo , Silva Rebeca Nascimento da , Fritoli Aretuza , Gomes Patricia , Soares Geisla Mary Silva , Temporão Natalie , Furquim Camila Pinheiro , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Doyle Helio , Faveri Marcelo , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Feres Magda
Published: March 2021

Background: The association of scaling and root planing (SRP) with systemic metronidazole (MTZ) plus amoxicillin (AMX) has shown to be an effective treatment protocol, particularly for Periodontitis Stages III and IV, generalized. More recently, probiotics have also been suggested as a promising adjunctive treatment for periodontal diseases due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) is to evaluate the clinical, microbiological and immunological effects of probiotics as adjuncts to SRP alone or with MTZ+AMX in the treatment of periodontitis. Methods: Subjects with periodontitis are being randomly assigned to receive (i) SRP alone, or with (ii) two probiotic lozenges/day for 90 days (Prob), (iii) MTZ (400 mg) and AMX (500 mg) thrice a day (TID) for 14 days (MTZ+AMX), or (iv) Prob and MTZ+AMX. Subjects are being monitored for up to 12 months post-treatment. Nine subgingival plaque samples per patient are being collected at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months post-therapy, and analyzed by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization for 40 bacterial species. Peripheral blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of four randomly selected periodontal sites will be analyzed by means of a multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassay for 17 cyto/chemokines. Statistical analyses: The significance of differences in each group (over the course of the study) will be sought using repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman tests; and among groups (at each time point) using either ANOVA /ANCOVA or Kruskal Wallis tests, depending on normality of the data. The Chi-square test will be used to compare differences in the frequency of subjects achieving the clinical endpoint for treatment (≤4 sites with PD≥5 mm) at 1 year and of self-perceived adverse effects. A stepwise forward logistic regression analysis will be performed in order to investigate the impact of different predictor variables on the percentage of patients achieving the clinical endpoint for treatment. The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) with different treatment protocols will be also calculated. Statistical significance will be set at 5%. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03733379/November 7, 2018.
Die Reise des Entomologen Hermann Loew nach Kleinasien in den Jahren 1841–1842
Authors: Ziegler Joachim , Pohl Jenny , Evenhuis Neal L.
Published: March 2021

Die Reise des Lehrers und Naturforschers Hermann Loew (1807–1879) in das Osmanische Reich in den Jahren 1841 und 1842 wird rekonstruiert. Sie führte ihn in die heutige westliche Türkei und auf die östlichen griechischen Inseln. Loew ist vor allem als Dipterologe bekannt geworden. Seine wissenschaftlich sehr wertvolle und typenreiche Zweiflügler-Sammlung wird hauptsächlich im Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin aufbewahrt. Sie enthält auch das von ihm auf dieser Expedition nach Kleinasien gesammelte Material. Da diese Reise nie zusammenfassend publiziert wurde und das Sammlungsmaterial nur unzureichend dokumentiert ist, bestand die Notwendigkeit durch entsprechende Recherchen zur Klärung des Typenmaterials beizutragen. Im Abschnitt Material und Methoden werden die verwendeten Informationsquellen genannt und die Arbeit mit dem Archivmaterial wird beschrieben. Anhand der verfügbaren Unterlagen wurde der Reiseverlauf in vier Abschnitten rekonstruiert: 3.1 Vorbereitung und Anreise bis Constantinopel. – 3.2 Von Constantinopel quer durch das Land bis Adalia und Rhodus (Spätsommer und Herbst 1841). – 3.3 Von Rhodus via Smyrna durch die Gebirge und Küstenländer und zurück nach Rhodus (Winter und Frühjahr 1842). – 3.4 Abschluss der Expedition im Sommer 1842 und Heimreise. Die Reiseroute wird auf zwei Karten getrennt für die Jahre 1841 und 1842 dargestellt. Die erwähnten topographischen Namen und Ortsbezeichnungen (einschließlich aller Typenfundorte), werden lokalisiert und tabellarisch zusammengestellt. Den historischen Namen werden ihre modernen Entsprechungen zugeordnet und die heutige administrative und politische Zugehörigkeit dieser Orte sowie ihre geographischen Koordinaten werden genannt. Die verwendeten historischen Quellen sind in einem separaten Verzeichnis aufgeführt. Aus dem von Loew während dieser Reise gesammelten zoologischen Material wurden 254 Arten beschrieben. Sie werden mit den dazugehörigen Literaturstellen genannt. Es folgt eine Übersicht zur vorgefundenen historischen Etikettierung des von der Reise mitgebrachten Materials in der Dipterensammlung Loew.
Efficacy of Bronchial Wash Cytology and its Correlation with Histopathology in Diagnosis of Lung Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Tomar Shilpa , Thakur Brijesh , Dubey Krishna , Gulati Priyanka
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Cytological evaluation is an important, usually initial diagnostic modality in patients with suspected malignant lung masses. Bronchoscopic washing, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushing and fine needle aspirations may complement tissue biopsies in the diagnosis of lung cancer. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of bronchial wash cytology and to correlate it with histopathology in diagnosis of suspected cases of lung cancer at a tertiary care hospital.

Material and methods: Bronchial washings and bronchial biopsy were collected from total 60 clinically suspected cases of carcinoma lung. Bronchial washing smears were stained with MGG and H&E stain and were categorized as unequivocally positive / unequivocally negative for malignancy and atypical (equivocal for diagnosis). Biopsy sections were examined for histopathological diagnosis.

Results: Cytomorphologically, 30 cases were reported as positive for malignancy, 28 cases were negative for malignancy and 02 cases were atypical. On histopathology, lung carcinoma was diagnosed in 48 patients out of them 35 cases were of squamous cell carcinoma, 7 cases were of small cell carcinoma and 6 were of large cell carcinoma.

Conclusion: Maximum diagnostic yield can be obtained by combining biopsy with cytological procedures of washing rather alone.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SHIP NAVIGATION IN ROUGH SEAS BASED ON ECMWF DATA
Authors:   Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India, Vinayak Patil Prasad , Prabu Chelladurai Sree Krishna , Vishwanath Nagarajan , Prakash Sha Om
Published: March 2021

Recently, several changes have been observed in the Earth’s environment. This is also applicable to the ocean environment. The concept of weather routing has been applied for ship navigation for a long time. Many service providers offer weather routing service with the availability of high-quality satellite data. Unfortunately, not much information is available in the public domain as to how much the recent change in the weather pattern has affected ship navigation. The purpose of this paper is to fill this information gap. We investigate the influence of recent changes in the ocean environment on ship navigation. Weather data from ECMWF, namely ERA-Interim, is used for this purpose. The ECMWF data for the last 27 years is analysed. We compute the statistical characteristics of this data for the first 10 years, last 10 years, and 27 years. The statistical characteristics of the data are determined based on “summer” and “winter” zones as defined by international maritime regulations. Six different worldwide commercial ship routes are selected covering all the ocean regions. Navigation on great ellipse with waypoint is considered. MMG type ship manoeuvring model for 3 different ship types (DTMB 5415, PCC, VLCC) is used. The added resistance due to wave, wind and the effort of keeping the ship on the desired course using autopilot in the rough ocean environment is included in the MMG model. The fuel consumption and the duration of each one of the voyage are computed. Based on the analysis and simulation results it is shown that: (i) The mean wave height, wave period, and wind speed has increased in some ocean zones and decreased in other ocean zones. If any change has occurred, it is uniform for both seasons (summer and winter). (ii) In which ocean regions there is a perceptible change in fuel consumption, average ship speed and voyage time due to the changes in the weather pattern. (iii) The changing weather pattern in different ocean zones affects each ship type differently.
Spin-polarized two-dimensional electron/hole gases on LiCoO$_2$ layers.
Authors: Radha Santosh Kumar , Lambrecht Walter R. L.
Published: March 2021

First-principles calculations show the formation of a 2D spin
polarized electron (hole) gas on the Li
(CoO_22)
terminated surfaces of finite slabs down to a monolayer, in remarkable
contrast with the bulk band structure, which is stabilized by Li
donating its electron to the CoO_22
layer forming a Co-d-t_{2g}^6d−t2g6
insulator. By mapping the first-principles computational results to a
minimal tight-binding models corresponding to a non-chiral 3D
generalization of the quadripartite Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH4) model
and symmetry analysis, we show that these surface states have
topological origin.
Efecto de la edad de rebrote sobre el desarrollo morfológico y la composición química del pasto kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) en el trópico alto colombiano
Authors: Avellaneda Avellaneda Yesid , Mancipe Muñoz Edgar Augusto , Vargas Martínez Juan de Jesús
Published: March 2021

El conocimiento de la dinámica composicional y de crecimiento del pasto kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) permite establecer estrategias de manejo para maximizar la producción animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la edad de rebrote sobre la variables morfológicas, composicionales y productivas del pasto kikuyo en las cuencas lecheras Alto Chicamocha (AC), Sabana de Bogotá (SB) y Ubaté-Chiquinquirá (UC) durante las épocas de lluvia y sequía. Se seleccionaron dos fincas por cuenca y se evaluó el crecimiento del forraje a través de un muestreo longitudinal del kikuyo desde el día 7 al 70 de rebrote. En cada muestreo se determinó la altura de la planta, la longitud y el ancho de las hojas y el ancho del estolón. Además, se midió el rendimiento y la composición química del forraje. Los datos se analizaron como un diseño completo al azar con medidas re-petidas (10 etapas de rebrote). La altura de la planta fue superior (p<0,05) en época de lluvias a partir del día 14, 42 y 49 en AC, SB y UC, respectivamente. El número de hojas aumentó con la edad de rebrote (p<0,05), independiente de la época en SB y UC. El rendimiento de forraje seco fue mayor (p<0,05) en la época de lluvias, desde el día 42 en AC y UC y desde el 49 en SB. La proteína cruda disminuyó (p<0,05) con la edad de la planta y presentó los mayores valores en la época de lluvias en las cuencas AC y SB. El rendimiento y la composición química del kikuyo fue afectada por la edad de rebrote y la época de corte, lo cual hace necesario ajustar los esquemas de alimenta-ción de acuerdo con las características del forraje y el requerimiento nutricional de los animales en cada región.
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT)
Authors: Annisa Devi , Budhi Rianawati Sri , Rahayu Masruroh , Raisa Neila , Nandar Kurniawan Shahdevi
Published: March 2021

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a neuropathy disease that affects the median nerve with an incidence of around 90%. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome appears in 3.8% of the general population, with the highest prevalence occurring in women. There are several risk factors associated with CTS, namely medical and non-medical factors. The mechanism of carpal tunnel syndrome until now is still very complex and is not known with certainty, but compression and traction factors in the median nerve are thought to be the most common cause of CTS. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can manifest clinically with subjective signs such as paresthesia, proprioceptive changes, and paresis, as well as objective signs, such as changes in motor sensitivity and function, positive Tinel and Phallen tests, and thenar muscle atrophy. The diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is based on the classic symptoms of pain, numbness, tingling, and/or burning sensation in the distribution of the median nerve in the hand, as well as the abnormal function of the median nerve based on nerve conduction studies. Conservative therapy is an option. Especially in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome patients with mild to moderate symptoms. Conservative therapy can be given in the form of corticosteroid and physical therapy. Patients with severe CTS or whose symptoms have not improved after four to six months of conservative therapy should be considered for surgical treatment.
MENIERE’S DISEASE
Authors: Era Millennie Helena , Munir Badrul , Afif Zamroni , Damayanti Ria , Nandar Kurniawan Shahdevi
Published: March 2021

Meniere’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear resulting in symptoms of episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss and aural pressure. Although the exact etiology is uncertain, it is associated with raised pressure in the endolymph of the inner ear (endolymphatic hydrops). The diagnosis of Meniere's disease is based on the clinical setting of the patient. This disease usually presents with unilateral ear symptoms but can be also bilateral. Meniere's disease attacks are usually random and episodic (approximately 6-11 per year), with periods of remission that can last from months to years. Investigations are audiometry, electronystagmogram, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and imaging.The management consist pharmacological and non pharmacological. Meniere's disease is initially progressive but fluctuates unexpectedly. It is difficult to distinguish natural resolutions from treatment effects.
Translating RNA Splicing Analysis into Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors:   Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, Douglas Andrew G. L. ,   Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK., Baralle Diana ,   Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK,   Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
Published: March 2021

A large proportion of rare disease patients remain undiagnosed and the vast majority of such conditions remain untreatable whether diagnosed or not. RNA splicing analysis is able to increase the diagnostic rate in rare disease by identifying cryptic splicing mutations and can help in interpreting the pathogenicity of genomic variants. Whilst targeted RT-PCR analysis remains a highly sensitive tool for assessing the splicing effects of known variants, RNA-seq can provide a more comprehensive transcriptome-wide analysis of splicing. Appropriate care should be taken in RNA-seq experimental design since sample quality, processing, choice of library preparation and sequencing parameters all introduce variability. Many bioinformatic tools exist to aid both in the prediction of splicing effects from DNA sequence and in the handling of RNA-seq data for splicing analysis. Once identified, splicing abnormalities may be amenable to correction using antisense oligonucleotide compounds by masking cryptic splice sites or blocking key splice regulatory elements, or by use of alternative corrective technologies such as trans-splicing. A growing number of such drugs have started to enter clinical use, most notably nusinersen for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. By bringing together the fields of RNA diagnostics and antisense therapeutics, it is becoming feasible to envisage the development of a truly personalised medicine pipeline. This has already been shown to be possible in the case of milasen, an n=1 bespoke antisense drug, and the growth and convergence of these technologies means that similar therapeutic opportunities should arise in the near future.
Clinical Trial Data Sharing for COVID-19–Related Research
Authors: Dron Louis , Dillman Alison , Zoratti Michael J , Haggstrom Jonas , Mills Edward J , Park Jay J H
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to provide a perspective on data sharing practices in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The scientific community has made several important inroads in the fight against COVID-19, and there are over 2500 clinical trials registered globally. Within the context of the rapidly changing pandemic, we are seeing a large number of trials conducted without results being made available. It is likely that a plethora of trials have stopped early, not for statistical reasons but due to lack of feasibility. Trials stopped early for feasibility are, by definition, statistically underpowered and thereby prone to inconclusive findings. Statistical power is not necessarily linear with the total sample size, and even small reductions in patient numbers or events can have a substantial impact on the research outcomes. Given the profusion of clinical trials investigating identical or similar treatments across different geographical and clinical contexts, one must also consider that the likelihood of a substantial number of false-positive and false-negative trials, emerging with the increasing overall number of trials, adds to public perceptions of uncertainty. This issue is complicated further by the evolving nature of the pandemic, wherein baseline assumptions on control group risk factors used to develop sample size calculations are far more challenging than those in the case of well-documented diseases. The standard answer to these challenges during nonpandemic settings is to assess each trial for statistical power and risk-of-bias and then pool the reported aggregated results using meta-analytic approaches. This solution simply will not suffice for COVID-19. Even with random-effects meta-analysis models, it will be difficult to adjust for the heterogeneity of different trials with aggregated reported data alone, especially given the absence of common data standards and outcome measures. To date, several groups have proposed structures and partnerships for data sharing. As COVID-19 has forced reconsideration of policies, processes, and interests, this is the time to advance scientific cooperation and shift the clinical research enterprise toward a data-sharing culture to maximize our response in the service of public health.
Machine Learning for Mental Health in Social Media: Bibliometric Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Jina , Lee Daeun , Park Eunil
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Social media platforms provide an easily accessible and time-saving communication approach for individuals with mental disorders compared to face-to-face meetings with medical providers. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based mental health exploration using large-scale social media data has attracted significant attention.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to provide a bibliometric analysis and discussion on research trends of ML for mental health in social media.

METHODS

Publications addressing social media and ML in the field of mental health were retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. We analyzed the publication distribution to measure productivity on sources, countries, institutions, authors, and research subjects, and visualized the trends in this field using a keyword co-occurrence network. The research methodologies of previous studies with high citations are also thoroughly described.

RESULTS

We obtained a total of 565 relevant papers published from 2015 to 2020. In the last 5 years, the number of publications has demonstrated continuous growth with Lecture Notes in Computer Science and Journal of Medical Internet Research as the two most productive sources based on Scopus and Web of Science records. In addition, notable methodological approaches with data resources presented in high-ranking publications were investigated.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study highlight continuous growth in this research area. Moreover, we retrieved three main discussion points from a comprehensive overview of highly cited publications that provide new in-depth directions for both researchers and practitioners.
Exploring the Association Between the “Big Five” Personality Traits and Fatal Opioid Overdose: County-Level Empirical Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Tacheva Zhasmina , Ivanov Anton
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Opioid-related deaths constitute a problem of pandemic proportions in the United States, with no clear solution in sight. Although addressing addiction—the heart of this problem—ought to remain a priority for health practitioners, examining the community-level psychological factors with a known impact on health behaviors may provide valuable insights for attenuating this health crisis by curbing risky behaviors before they evolve into addiction.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is twofold: to demonstrate the relationship between community-level psychological traits and fatal opioid overdose both theoretically and empirically, and to provide a blueprint for using social media data to glean these psychological factors in a real-time, reliable, and scalable manner.

METHODS

We collected annual panel data from Twitter for 2891 counties in the United States between 2014-2016 and used a novel data mining technique to obtain average county-level “Big Five” psychological trait scores. We then performed interval regression, using a control function to alleviate omitted variable bias, to empirically test the relationship between county-level psychological traits and the prevalence of fatal opioid overdoses in each county.

RESULTS

After controlling for a wide range of community-level biopsychosocial factors related to health outcomes, we found that three of the operationalizations of the five psychological traits examined at the community level in the study were significantly associated with fatal opioid overdoses: extraversion (β=.308, P<.001), neuroticism (β=.248, P<.001), and conscientiousness (β=.229, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Analyzing the psychological characteristics of a community can be a valuable tool in the local, state, and national fight against the opioid pandemic. Health providers and community health organizations can benefit from this research by evaluating the psychological profile of the communities they serve and assessing the projected risk of fatal opioid overdose based on the relationships our study predict when making decisions for the allocation of overdose-reversal medication and other vital resources.
Assessing Professionals’ Adoption Readiness for eMental Health: Development and Validation of the eMental Health Adoption Readiness Scale (Preprint)
Authors: Feijt Milou A , de Kort Yvonne A W , Westerink Joyce H D M , Bierbooms Joyce J P A , Bongers Inge M B , IJsselsteijn Wijnand A
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The last few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of digital tools and applications for mental health care. Despite growing evidence for their effectiveness, acceptance and use of these tools in clinical practice remain low. Hence, a validated and easy-to-use instrument for assessing professionals’ readiness to adopt eMental health (EMH) is necessary to gain further insights into the process of EMH adoption and facilitate future research on this topic.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop and validate an instrument for assessing mental health care professionals’ readiness to adopt EMH.

METHODS

Item generation was guided by literature and inputs from mental health care professionals and experts in survey development. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on an initial set of 29 items completed by a sample of mental health care professionals (N=432); thereafter, the scale was reduced to 15 items in an iterative process. The factor structure thus obtained was subsequently tested using a confirmatory factor analysis with a second sample of mental health care professionals (N=363). The internal consistency, convergent validity, and predictive validity of the eMental Health Adoption Readiness (eMHAR) Scale were assessed.

RESULTS

Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 3-factor solution with 15 items. The factors were analyzed and labeled as perceived benefits and applicability of EMH, EMH proactive innovation, and EMH self-efficacy. These factors were confirmed through a confirmatory factor analysis. The total scale and subscales showed a good internal consistency (Cronbach α=.73-.88) along with acceptable convergent and predictive relationships with related constructs.

CONCLUSIONS

The constructed eMHAR Scale showed a conceptually interpretable 3-factor structure having satisfactory characteristics and relationships with relevant concepts. Its ease of use allows for quick acquisition of data that can contribute to understanding and facilitating the process of adoption of EMH by clinical professionals.
De la crise de la diaconie à la diaconie de la crise : quelques pistes pour l'avenir
Authors: De Salis Pierre
Published: March 2021

Pierre de Salis stellt sich in seinem Beitrag «De la crise de la diaconie à la diaconie de la crise» der Aufgabe einer generellen Positionsbestimmung der Diakonie in den Kirchen. Aus einer persönlichen Doppelperspektive – zum Einen als Verantwortlicher für die Diacre-Ausbildung in der Romandie sowie zum Anderen als theologischer Wissenschaftler und Doktorand – geht er aus von der bekannten Rede, die Kirche sei in der Krise und müsse sich neu erfinden («l'Église doit se réinventer») und versucht, diese zuweilen platt angewendete Formel in seinem Beitrag hinsichtlich der kirchlichen Diakonie zu differenzieren und benennt vier zentrale Probleme bzw. Herausforderungen, vor der die Diakonie stehe: 1. Die Herausforderung einer konfessionellen Prägung («le problème confessionel»); 2. die Herausforderung der professionellen Ausbildung («le problème professionel»); 3. die Herausforderung der ökonomischen Lage (le problème économique») sowie 4. die Herausforderung der beruflichen Nachfolgelösungen («le problème de relève professionelle»). Antworten auf diese Herausforderungen für die Diakonie sucht er in gut protestantischer Art und Weise im Schriftbezug («le principe du sola scriptura») und formuliert, welche Anregungen sich aus den biblischen Wurzeln bzw. aus der  Wortverwendung des griechischen Begriffs «diakonia» für die diakonische Praxis ergeben können.
Das dritte Mandat der Sozialen Arbeit («Menschenrechtsprofession»): Humanistische und theologische Begründungen, Übereinstimmungen und Spannungsfelder in der Praxis
Authors: Kleiner Paul
Published: March 2021

Paul Kleiner wehrt sich in seinem Beitrag «Das dritte Mandat der Sozialen Arbeit (‹Menschenrechtsprofession›): Humanistische und theologische Begründungen, Übereinstimmungen und Spannungsfelder in der Praxis» gegen die häufige Tendenz zur «Verobjektivierung» der Menschenrechte als «ständiger und letzter Bezugspunkt für Werte und Orientierung, Ethik und Handeln in der Sozialen Arbeit», deren Beachtung sozialen Handeln erst professionell mache. Vielmehr gelte es zu bedenken, dass eine Universalität der Menschenrechte «nicht einfach vorausgesetzt werden» könne, diese seien stets «eingebettet in eine gesamte Weltanschauung: in ein Verständnis des Menschen, der Gesellschaft, der Welt, Gottes» und entsprechend interpretationsbedürftig.Er legt sodann dar, wie ein christlich-theologischer Zugang zur Begründung von Menschenrechten einen «Beitrag zu den theoretischen Fundamenten der Disziplin und Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit» leisten könne: Paul Kleiner arbeitet «im Vergleich zwischen christlichen und humanistischen Auslegungen der Menschenrechte […] vier Übereinstimmungen und drei Spannungsfelder» heraus und folgert, dass ein «spezifisch christlicher Beitrag» zur Begründung von Menschenrechten damit «zur inhaltlichen Klärung der normativen Grundierung» der Disziplin der Sozialen Arbeit beitragen könne.
Sterben in der Schweiz und kirchliche Palliative Care
Authors: Mösli Pascal
Published: March 2021

Pascal Mösli kommentiert in seinem Beitrag «Sterben in der Schweiz und kirchliche Palliative Care» aus Sicht der kirchlichen Palliative Care die Ergebnisse des Nationalen Forschungsprogrammes (NFP) 67 zu Sterben und Tod in der Schweiz. Er zieht ein ambivalentes Fazit: Zwar zeigen die Forschungen einerseits «spannende Einsichten, welche auchvon den Kirchen wahrgenommen werden sollten», andererseits fällt auf, dass in den Forschungsergebnissen «das kirchliche Engagement für sterbende Menschen und ihre Angehörigen nicht vorkommt».Mösli weist auf, wie vielfältig und breit abgestützt das kirchliche Engagement im Bereich der Palliative Care ist. Sowohl im stationären Kontext (Spitäler, Institutionen der Langzeitpflege, Fachorganisationen) sowie – in etwas geringerem Ausmass – in ambulanten Versorgungsstrukturen bestehen mannigfache personelle Ressourcen der kirchlichen Begleitung am Lebensende. Verbesserungpotenzial ortet Mösli bei verschiedenen Kooperations- und Vernetzungsanstrengungen (mit ökumenischen Partner, in inteprofessioneller Hinsicht, mit Kirchgemeinden u.a.m.).Angesichts dieses vielfältigen Engagements ist es für Mösli sehr erstaunlich, dass kein Forschungsprojekt das Wirken der Kirchen oder Religionsgemeinschaften direkt zum Thema macht bzw. dass dort, wo religiöse bzw. spirituelle Aspekte thematisiert werden, die «Darstellung oft mit einer Distanzierung zu kirchlicher, christlicher bzw. überhaupt religiös institutionalisierter Gemeinschaftlichkeit einher[geht].»Mösli folgert, dass es «offensichtlich noch nicht gelungen ist, kirchliche Konzepte und kirchliches Handeln so im professionellen und öffentlichen Diskurs einzubringen, dass sie als Teil einer gemiensamen Sorge […] um die spirituellen und existenziellen Bedürfnisse Sterbender und ihrer Angehörigen wahrgenommen werden». Er empfiehlt auch an dieser Stelle grössere kirchliche Anstrengungen im Bereich der fachlichen Vernetzung, der Weiterentwicklung kirchlicher Angebote sowie der eigenen Forschung zu Palliative Care.
Keiner stirbt für sich allein - Sorgende Gemeinde im Quartier
Authors: Coenen-Marx Cornelia
Published: March 2021

Cornelia Coenen-Marx stellt in ihrem Beitrag «Keiner stirbt für sich allein – Sorgende Gemeinschaften im Quartier» fest, dass das Sterben in unserer Gesellschaft immer noch als Tabu behandelt wird, dies trotz der 35-jährigen Geschichte der Hospizbewegung und trotz der sich seit 20 Jahren im Aufbau befindlichen Palliativversorgung. Nach wie vor seien Hochbetagte, Demente und Pflegebedürftige «von zunehmender Exklusion betroffen» und bräuchten «Unterstützung, um auch weiterhin Teil der Gemeinschaft zu bleiben». Coenen-Marx beobachtet: «Mit der Entdeckung der dritten Lebensphase, des jungen, aktiven Alterns, rückte die Hochaltrigkeit als vierte Lebensphase weiter nach hinten – und wird oft genug verdrängt».

Wenn dies verhindert werden soll, d.h. wenn Menschen auch im Alter möglichst lange im gewohnte Umfeld sollen bleiben können, so brauche es «mehr Beratung, besser vernetzte Angebote und andere Wohnformen» sowie «starke Nachbarschaften, in denen man einander unterhalb der Schwelle professioneller und bezahlter Dienstleistungen wechselseitig hilft». So gestaltete «Orte des guten Lebens» benötigten demnach einen Wohlfahrtsmix, in dem alle beteiligten Akteure – Staat, Dienstleister und Nachbarschaftsinitiativen – in «geteilter Verantwortung» produktiv zusammenwirken.

Kirchen und Kirchgemeinden seien aufgerufen, ihre Ressourcen einzusetzen, um Entlastung für die Sterbenden und ihre Angehörigen zu schaffen, um gegebenenfalls Versöhnungsprozesse und Wiederbegegnungen zu initiieren sowie um einfühlsame Begleitung und Beratung in schwierigen Entscheidungssituationen zu bieten. «Jeder, der das letzte Kapitel des eigenen Lebens bewusst gestalten will, sollte die notwendige Unterstützung bekommen, um die eigene Geschichte zu erzählen, Beziehungen abzuschliessen, das eigene Vermächtnis weiter zu geben, und denen, die bleiben, Segen zu hinterlassen». Coenen-Marx erachtet der Kirchgemeinden als sehr geeignet, um sich mit ihren Potenzialen für sorgende Gemeinschaften einzusetzen.
Du bist mir nicht egal
Authors: Gebhard Dörte
Published: March 2021

Dörte Gebhard geht in ihrem Beitrag «Du bist mir nicht egal. Kirchgemeinden als Caring communities» von einer bedeutenden «Irritationsqualität» des Begriffs der «Sorge» aus: Der Begriff steht einer zunehmenden Ökonomisierung aller Lebensbereiche – auch des Helfens – entgegen, die dazu führt, dass auch in der Diakonie zuweilen «an die Stelle theologischer Steuerung […] immer stärker eine managementförmige Steuerung» tritt. Als Gegenhorizont zu einer durchrationalisierten und leistungsorientierten Welt diene der Begriff der Sorge dazu, das Sorgehandeln nicht nur als Sozialtechnik zu verstehen, sondern in grundsätzlicher Weise als zentrale Dimensionen unserer Existenz.

Sorgegemeinschaften stiften daher ein tragfähiges Netz von Beziehungen, die auf persönlicher Bekanntschaft basieren und in einem überschaubaren Rahmen stattfinden. Denn diese beiden Aspekte schafften nach Gebhard eine Vertrauensbasis sowie eine für Sorgegemeinschaften wichtige Grundsicherheit, die angesichts der bestehenden «Anonymität und Mobilität der Gesellschaft eher zu statt ab[nimmt]».

Festzuhalten ist jedoch, dass sich die durch persönliche Bekanntschaft und den überschaubaren Rahmen konstituierte Zusammengehörigkeit nicht durch möglichst hohe Homogenität in der Zusammensetzung auszeichnen soll; vielmehr gehe es darum, in den Gemeinschaften Pluralität und Diversität aktiv zu nutzen und zu geniessen, was allerdings Mut brauche. Dementsprechend definiert Gebhard das Wirken der Caring communities als «gegenseitige Hilfe in einer überschaubaren Gemeinschaft, die Mut schafft, kurz Mutschaftshilfe».

In solcher «Mutschaftshilfe» geht es darum, Toleranz – im Sinne eines aktiven Ertragens von Widersprüchen – zu üben, Gelegenheiten zu schaffen für die Kommunikation des je eigenen Glaubens, und vor allem unsere Lebenszeit mit den Lebenszeiten anderer Menschen zu teilen. Denn: «Zeit wird immer mehr wert sein als Geld, besonders in Zeiten, in denen angeblich Zeit Geld ist».
La representación de lo incaico en Tradiciones peruanas
Authors: Bolanos Acevedo Arcadio Antonio
Published: March 2021

El siglo XIX es una época clave para la consolidación de Perú como una nueva nación independiente. Es en este contexto en el que los textos del escritor Ricardo Palma cumplen una función fundamental al imaginar el pasado de los incas como algo glorioso y distante, a la vez que se menosprecia al indígena actual. Este artículo analiza el conflicto que produce esta dicotomía entre incas e indígenas, a la vez que analiza las consecuencias de una comunidad imaginada que se discrimina a sí misma.
PERCEPÇÃO DE IMPACTOS SOBRE A PESCA ARTESANAL: CAMINHOS PARA O MANEJO DOS RECURSOS PESQUEIROS DO AMAPÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Pantoja Wanderson Michel De Farias , Corrêa Jacklinne Matta , Ferreira Simone Dias , Guedes Glenda de Freita , Mendonça Renan Pereira , Pantoja Jair de Farias
Published: March 2021

Este estudo analisou o conhecimento de pescadores artesanais sobre aspectos ecológicos e de percepção ambiental da atividade pesqueira artesanal de comunidades componentes de duas Bacias Hidrográficas do estado do Amapá. Foi adotada uma amostragem do tipo "bola de neve" que resultaram em entrevistas com 87 pescadores no período de junho de 2015 a junho de 2017. Os pescadores apresentaram considerável tempo de atividade na pesca (20,8 ± 13,4 anos) e mostraram ter vasto conhecimento ecológico e percepção ambiental considerável quanto aos recursos pesqueiros da região. A percepção sobre a abundância e a diminuição de espécies de diferentes etnoespécies de peixes nas duas áreas de estudo apresentou diferenças. Foi registrada a redução de estoques pesqueiros e o aumento de outras espécies nas comunidades componentes da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Curiaú (Hoplias sp.; Hoplosternum litrorale) e na bacia do Igarapé Fortaleza (Plagioscion sp.; Hoplias sp.). Os problemas ambientais apontados como mais preocupantes para a atividade pesqueira foram: o tráfego de barcos; poluição do rio; óleo despejado na água; lago secando; diminuição de peixes e presença de búfalos. Este estudo apontou informações pioneiras para o estado do Amapá, a exemplo de que houve redução de estoques pesqueiros e aumento da ocorrência de espécies. Esses resultados podem orientar estudos futuros para coleta de peixes, mitigação de impactos e estratégias de educação ambiental. Esse conhecimento ecológico local precisa ser conservado e pode contribuir para aplicação de estratégias de manejo e co-manejo dos recursos pesqueiros da região para melhorar a gestão da atividade de pesca artesanal.
Model Pemberdayaan Suku Anak Dalam Bidang Kesehatan Di Kecamatan Batin XXIV Kabupaten Batanghari
Authors: Ridwan M. , Lesmana S. Oka
Published: March 2021

Permasalahan kesehatan suku anak dalam sangat kompleks terutama  perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (kondisi jamban, gizi, kebersihan diri, cuci tangan pakai sabun serta  kondisi lingkungan pemukiman serta beberapa penyakit (kekurangan gizi, muntaber, malaria dan penyakit kulit). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan suatu model pemberdayaan yang tepat pada suku anak dalam (SAD). Penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Pengambilan  sampel dilakukan dengan pendekatan purposive sampling sebanyak 27 orang (10 orang masyarakat SAD, 1 Orang petugas puskesmas, 1 orang petugas dinas kesehatan dan 4 orang tumenggung/ketua adat). Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan  FGD. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan content analysis. Kondisi geografis. kebiasaan berpindah pemukiman pasca kedukaan dan kebiasaan menyebar serta akses jalan yang kurang baik merupakan hambatan petugas dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan. Temuan dalam penelitian ini bahwa adat larangan seorang perempuan SAD bertemu dengan seorang lelaki diluar rumah menjadi permasalahan bagi petugas kesehatan. “SAD Care” merupakan bentuk pelayanan berbasis mobil terpadu yang menggabungkan upaya promotif dan preventif (posyandu dan posbindu), kuratif dan pengobatan tradisional oleh masyarakat SAD berbasis gender.  Penggabungkan empat upaya pelayanan kesehatan berbasis mobil terpadu merupakan model pemberdayaan masyarakat SAD. Pemerintah Daerah agar mengalokasikan anggaran dengan menyediakan mobil bus sebagai pelayanan Kesehatan  Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) yang dapat memudahkan masyarakat jika harus dirujuk menggunakan kartu BPJS.
Hubungan Strategi Pemasaran Dengan Preferensi Pasien Poliklinik Anak di Rumah Sakit X Medan
Authors: Nisrina Nisrina , Aulia Destanul , Andayani Lita
Published: March 2021

Pelayanan yang ditawarkan di rumah sakit merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pilihan pasien. Pelayanan poliklinik anak dengan dokter spesialis anak yang terpercaya merupakan daya tarik rumah sakit bagi pasien. Selain itu, pada survey didapati bahwa pasien cenderung memilih rumah sakit karena saran keluarga, kebiasaan di lingkungannya serta kualitas pelayanan kesehatan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan strategi pemasaran dengan preferensi pasien Poliklinik Anak di Rumah Sakit X Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dengan melakukan survey analitik (explanatory study) menggunakan pendekatan potong lintang (cross sectional). Penelitian dilakukan di Poliklinik Anak Rumah Sakit X dari bulan Maret 2019 sampai dengan bulan Mei 2019 dengan sampel sebesar 65 orang. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis Chi Square. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel produk (p value=0,001), dan promosi (p value=0,001) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan variabel preferensi pasien di Poliklinik Anak Rumah Sakit X, Pihak rumah sakit disarankan untuk memberikan perhatian pada beberapa unsur kualitas produk pelayanan dan memaksimalkan promosi untuk memperkenalkan layanan kesehatan poliklinik anak.Kata kunci: Preferensi pasien, Strategi pemasaran, Poliklinik anak