bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subclinical venous thromboembolism after pulmonary resection for lung cancer: an observational study
Authors: Elsayed Hany Hasan , El-Nori Ahmed Anwar , Mostafa Ahmed , Elsayegh Mohamed Tarek , Barien Mohamed Magdy
Published: July 2024

Background

Subclinical venous thromboembolism is a hidden pathology which may present with catastrophic consequences if not diagnosed at an early stage. This study was undertaken to estimate the occurrence and associated risk factors of subclinical deep vein thrombosis after lung resection for lung cancer patients. A prospective observational cohort study was performed in a tertiary cardiothoracic surgery center. One hundred fifty patients who underwent different types of lung resection for lung cancer were enrolled. Caprini’s risk score was assessed in all patients. All patients received prophylactic stockings and anticoagulants. On the 5th postoperative day, a duplex venous ultrasound of bilateral lower limbs was performed on every asymptomatic patient.

Results

Out of 150 patients enrolled in the study, 147 patients completed the study. Four patients (2.72%) developed subclinical deep vein thrombosis. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 143) post-lung resection and no DVT and group 2 (n = 4) with post-lung resection subclinical DVT. No patient developed postoperative clinical DVT. The incidence was found to be highest in the group of individuals who had a longer stay in the ICU (odds ratio 37.9) (p = 0.04). Among the various pathologies, the incidence was higher in patients who received preoperative chemotherapy (odds ratio 21.9) (p = 0.001). One patient in the subclinical DVT group (25%) died, while no mortality was observed in the no DVT group.

Conclusions

The incidence of subclinical deep vein thrombosis is low in the postoperative period among patients undergoing lung resection for lung cancer if appropriate prophylactic measures are applied. However, patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy and those with longer periods of immobilization are at a higher risk of developing postoperative DVT despite anticoagulant prophylaxis. Due to the sample size and design limitations, the mentioned risk factors could be associated with DVT not a cause of DVT. It might be justified to screen these high-risk groups to detect subclinical DVT to allow for post-discharge prophylaxis.
Assessment of exercise tolerance using cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension treated with Sildenafil versus those receiving only standard-of-care
Authors: Darwish Darwish Ibrahim , Moustafa Yasser , Abdel-Hamid Hossam M. , Mohammed Rehab M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can lead to shorter survival and poor clinical outcomes. Patients suffering from PAH display a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) profile with several atypical factors, such as decreased work rate, limited ability to do aerobic activities, and ventilatory insufficiency.

Objectives

To assess and compare exercise tolerance by CPET in COPD patients with secondary PAH receiving cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor (sildenafil) versus those who are receiving standard-of-care only.

Patients and methods

This is a prospective, cross-sectional research in which a total of 30 COPD patients with mild to severe obstruction and secondary PAH were recruited; all patients were treated with standard-of-care treatment for COPD; moreover, half of the recruited patients were also on sildenafil 60 mg/day for at least 3 months at the time of recruitment (sildenafil users) as specific therapy for PAH while the other half were not (non-users). All patients underwent CPET to assess their exercise capacity.

Results

No significant statistical differences were observed between sildenafil users and non-users in all CPET parameters except in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during both exercise and recovery with sildenafil users showing a lower RER in both phases compared to non-users (p = 0.02, 0.01, respectively). Also, resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly lower in sildenafil users (p = 0.02). In addition, sildenafil users did not exhibit significant differences compared to non-users in terms of Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, or spirometric parameters.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that there were no significant differences in overall exercise capacity, nor in symptoms or spirometric parameters between COPD patients with secondary PAH receiving sildenafil and those who were not.
Velocity model-based adapted meshes using optimal transport
Authors: dos Santos Thiago Dias , Olender Alexandre , Dolci Daiane Iglesia , Carmo Bruno Souza
Published: July 2024

In geophysical numerical models using the finite-element method or its variant, the spectral-element method, to solve seismic wave equations, a mesh is used to discretize the domain. Generating or adapting a mesh to complex geologic properties is a challenging task. To tackle this challenge, we develop an r-adaptivity method to generate or adapt a 2D mesh to a seismic velocity field. Our scheme relies on the optimal transport theory to perform vertices relocation, which generates good-shaped meshes and prevents tangled elements. The mesh adaptation can delineate different regions of interest, such as sharp interfaces, salt bodies, and discontinuities. The algorithm has a few user-defined parameters that control the mesh density. With typical seismic velocity examples (e.g., Camembert, SEAM Phase, and Marmousi-2), mesh adaptation capability is illustrated in meshes with triangular and quadrilateral elements, commonly used in seismic codes. In addition to its potential use in mesh generation, the method developed can be embedded in seismic inversion workflows such as multiscale full-waveform inversion to adapt the mesh to the field being inverted without incurring the input-output cost of remeshing and load rebalancing in parallel computations. The method can be extended to 3D meshes.
An efficient cascadic multigrid method with regularization technique for 3D electromagnetic finite-element anisotropic modeling
Authors: Pan Kejia , Wang Jinxuan , Liu Zhengguang , Ou Ziyi , Guo Rongwen , Ren Zhengyong
Published: July 2024

Efficient forward modeling of electromagnetic (EM) fields is the basis of interpretation and inversion of the EM data, which plays an important role in practical geophysical exploration. A novel extrapolation cascadic multigrid (EXCMG) method is developed to solve large linear systems encountered in geophysical EM modeling. The original curl-curl equation with arbitrary anisotropic conductivity is regularized by including the gradient of a scaled divergence correction term, and a linear edge element method is used to discretize the equation. We develop a novel approach to address the issue of edge unknowns in 3D edge element discretizations on nonuniform rectilinear grids. Inspired by the original EXCMG method for nodal elements, we introduce a new prolongation operator that treats edge unknowns as defined on the midpoints of edges. This operator aims to provide an accurate approximation of the finite-element solution on the refined grid. Using a good initial guess significantly reduces the number of iterations required by the preconditioned biconjugate gradient stabilized solver, which is used as a smoother for the EXCMG algorithm. Numerical experiments are carried out to validate the accuracy and efficiency of our EXCMG method, including models from magnetotellurics and controlled-source EM modeling. The testing results indicate that EXCMG is more efficient than traditional Krylov-subspace iterative solvers, the algebraic multigrid solver, and those depending on the auxiliary-space Maxwell solver, especially for large-scale problems where the number of unknowns exceeds 10 million. The EXCMG method can also be applied to solve other large-scale forward modeling problems encountered in geophysics.
Coping strategies in young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: rapid review
Authors: Howard Ranjita , Manohar Harshini , Seshadri Shekhar , Sharma Aditya
Published: July 2024

Aims and method

To better understand factors supporting young people's (age <18 years) mental health during pandemic-type conditions, we aimed to identify whether coping strategies adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic could be dichotomised according to manifesting positive or negative psychological outcomes. Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and ASSIA databases were used to identify empirical studies that examined coping strategies used by young people experiencing psychological challenges during COVID-19.

Results

Twenty-five international studies were included, identifying that coping strategies adopted could be significantly dichotomised according to reducing or exacerbating psychological challenges. Positive coping strategies were proactive and solutions-oriented, whereas negative coping strategies were more avoidant and emotion-oriented.

Clinical implications

An internal locus of control may account for why adolescents exercised more proactive coping compared with their younger counterparts, although parents of younger children may offset the impact of stressors by drawing on a proposed coping framework emphasising proactivity and engagement. This would be an invaluable addition to future pandemic preparedness planning cycles.
Genetic Testing for Primary Aldosteronism in SPAIN: Results From the SPAIN-ALDO Registry and Review of the Literature
Authors: Araujo-Castro Marta , Ruiz-Sánchez Jorge Gabriel , Gonzalvo César , Lamas Cristina , Parra Ramírez Paola , Martín Marcos-Rojas Patricia , Paja Miguel , Robles Lázaro Cristina , Michalopoulou Theodora , Tous María , Gonzalez-Boillos M , Recio-Córdova José María , Casteras Anna , Fernández-Álvarez Paula , Barca Tierno Verónica , Mulatero Paolo
Published: July 2024

Context

It is estimated that about 5% of the primary aldosteronism (PA) cases are of hereditary origin (familial hyperaldosteronism, FH). To date, 4 forms of FH have been reported. However, in general little is known about the genetic causes that lead to the development of PA.

Objective

This work aimed to determine the rate of genetic testing for FH in the SPAIN-ALDO Registry and to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with FH. In addition, a literature review of reports of FH cases was performed.

Methods

A retrospective multicenter study of PA in patients followed in 35 Spanish tertiary hospitals (SPAIN-ALDO Registry).

Results

Twenty-five of the 855 patients (3%) with PA included in the registry underwent genetic testing for FH, with complete results available for only 24 patients. However, we found that there were 57 patients who met the criteria for performing a genetic study of PA. Only 8 out of these 57 patients were genetically tested (14.0%), while the reasons to perform a genetic study in the remaining 17 genetically studied cases were quite heterogeneous. A positive result for FH was found in only one case for FH type III (KCNJ5 pathogenic variant). A systematic review of the literature was performed and identified a total of 25 articles reporting 246 patients with FH type I, 12 articles reporting 72 patients with FH type II, 14 articles reporting 29 cases of FH type III, and 3 articles reporting 12 patients with FH type IV.

Conclusion

The genetic study of FH is often scarce in real-world clinical practice, as 86% of patients with criteria to undergo genetic study were not evaluated in our cohort. Nevertheless, FH is an uncommon cause of PA, representing only 0.2% of cases in the SPAIN-ALDO Registry, although its prevalence may be as high as 4% among suspected cases.
Molecular Developments in Parasellar Tumors and Potential Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Xekouki Paraskevi , Venetsanaki Vasiliki , Kyriakopoulos Georgios , Alexandraki Krystallenia , Angelousi Anna , Kaltsas Gregory
Published: July 2024

The parasellar region is the anatomical area around the sella turcica that represents a crucial crossroad for important adjacent structures. Several distinct tumors can primarily originate from this area, the most common being meningiomas, gliomas, embryonal cell tumors, germ cell tumors, and craniopharyngiomas. In addition, a number of systemic and inflammatory disorders can also affect the parasellar region, most commonly involving the pituitary. These lesions have different pathologic characteristics and malignant potential according to the new World Health Organization CNS5 2021 classification. Signs and symptoms may be nonspecific and are mostly related to a mass effect on the surrounding anatomical structures and/or impairment of endocrine function, whereas the vast majority lack a secretory component. The mutational signature analysis based on advances in molecular techniques has recently enabled the identification of specific gene mutations or signaling pathway aberrations. These developments may serve as a powerful means to delineate the pathophysiology of these lesions and serve as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool, particularly for high-risk populations. Treatment options include surgery alone or in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and disease-specific medical therapy, in order to prevent recurrence or further tumor growth along with replacement of coexistent pituitary hormonal deficiencies. In this comprehensive review, we present the current state-of-the-art developments in the histopathology and molecular biology of parasellar lesions, which often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, that may be utilized by a dedicated multidisciplinary team for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of these lesions.
Associations Between Perceived Discrimination, Screening Mammography, and Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: A Prospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra E. , Borowsky Peter A. , Lubarsky Maya , Carroll Carin , Choi Seraphina , Kesmodel Susan , Antoni Michael , Goel Neha
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite higher breast cancer screening rates, black women still are more likely to have late-stage disease diagnosed. This disparity is influenced in part by structural and interpersonal racism. This prospective study sought to determine how interpersonal factors, including perceived discrimination, influence screening and stage of disease at diagnosis.

Methods

A prospective cohort study analyzed adult women with stages I to IV breast cancer from the Miami Breast Cancer Disparities Study. Perceived discrimination and mistrust of providers were assessed using previously validated questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds of screening mammography utilization and late-stage breast cancer at diagnosis.

Results

The study enrolled 342 patients (54.4 % Hispanic, 15.8 % white, and 17.3 % black). Multivariate regression, after control for both individual- and neighborhood-level factors, showed that a higher level of perceived discrimination was associated with greater odds of late-stage disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.06; range, 1.01–1.12); p = 0.022) and lower odds of screening mammography (aOR, 0.96; range, 0.92–0.99; p = 0.046). A higher level of perceived discrimination also was negatively correlated with multiple measures of provider trust.

Discussion

This study identified that high perceived level of discrimination is associated with decreased odds of ever having a screening mammogram and increased odds of late-stage disease. Efforts are needed to reach women who experience perceived discrimination and to improve the patient–provider trust relationship because these may be modifiable risk factors for barriers to screening and late-stage disease presentation, which ultimately have an impact on breast cancer survival.
Occurrence of Dumping Syndrome After Esophageal Cancer Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Yuan , Wang Hejie , Qu Yaxin , Liu Zhiqiang , Lagergren Pernilla , Xie Shao-Hua
Published: July 2024

Background

Dumping syndrome occurs frequently after esophageal cancer surgery, but the reported prevalence varied across previous studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the prevalence of dumping syndrome after esophageal cancer surgery, particularly exploring the sources of heterogeneity in previous studies.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases, supplemented by hand-search of reference lists, through March 2023. Random-effects meta-analysis estimated the average prevalence of dumping syndrome after esophageal cancer surgery. Heterogeneity across studies was examined by the I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test.

Results

Among the 2949 articles retrieved from the databases, 16 articles (15 cohort studies and 1 randomized controlled trial) met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of dumping syndrome ranged 0–74% in these studies, showing high heterogeneity (I2 = 99%, P < 0.01), with the pooled prevalence of 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14–39%). The pooled prevalence in the three studies using specialized questionnaires was 67% (95% CI 60–73%), with reduced heterogeneity (I2 = 43%, P = 0.17). The prevalence also varied by year of publication, study population, and length and completeness of follow-up.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed that dumping syndrome is common after esophageal cancer surgery. The varying prevalence across previous studies was probably owing to differences in measurement of dumping syndrome. Using specific patient reported outcome questionnaires is recommended for future investigations on dumping syndrome after esophageal cancer surgery.
UM MODELO DE HEDGING PARA RISCO CAMBIAL EM PROJETOS DE TRANSPORTE
Authors: Brandão Luiz Eduardo , Igrejas Rafael , Pompermayer Fabiano , Bastian-Pinto Carlos
Published: July 2024

Os projetos de infraestrutura envolvem investimentos significativos e incertezas que afetam o equilíbrio econômico desses projetos a longo prazo. Desde a década de 1990, tem-se verificado um aumento da participação do sector privado nos projetos de infraestrutura pública. No entanto, pode haver tipos de projecos que os investidores privados considerem demasiadamente arriscados para empreender. Nesses casos, os governos podem oferecer mecanismos de partilha de riscos para tornar esses projetos mais atrativos. Embora a abordagem do Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) seja o método de avaliação padrão na literatura, não consegue captar flexibilidades como as proporcionadas por essas garantias que podem estar incorporadas nesses projetos (Martins et al., 2015). Dado que essas flexibilidades de gestão têm características semelhantes às das opções, o seu valor só pode ser captado através da utilização de métodos de avaliação de opções, como a abordagem das opções reais. Embora se parta do princípio de que a principal fonte de risco nos projetos de transportes é o nível de procura de tráfego, nos países em desenvolvimento, nos quais todo ou parte do financiamento de capital para esses projetos é assegurado em moeda estrangeira, o risco cambial pode ser motivo de preocupação. Neste artigo, propomos um modelo de Garantia em Moeda Estrangeira (FCG) semelhante ao MRG, que visa reduzir o grau de exposição cambial sofrido por um investidor que recorre a financiamento externo para cobrir as necessidades de capital do seu projeto, estando assim exposto ao risco cambial, e mostramos as vantagens desse mecanismo.
Impact of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy on survival outcomes in patients with unilateral breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yao Min , Peng Puchao , Chen Lijie , Xu Zhouming
Published: July 2024

Objective: To synthesize contemporary evidence of the impact of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) on survival outcomes in patients with unilateral breast cancer (UBC).
Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched for observational studies published up to November 15, 2023. Random-effects model was used to obtain pooled effect estimates that were reported as hazards ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), recurrence free survival (RFS) and risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC).
Results: Twenty-one studies were included. Most studies had a retrospective design. CPM was associated with significant improvement of OS (HR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.85), BCCS (HR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.90), and RFS (HR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.86) and significantly reduced risk of CBC (HR 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09) in patients with UBC. No evidence of publication bias was detected.
Conclusion: Our results provide strong evidence supporting the positive impact of CPM on survival outcomes in patients with UBC. Further research and long-term follow-up studies are warranted to validate these findings.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9708
How to cite this: Yao M, Peng P, Chen L, Xu Z. Impact of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy on survival outcomes in patients with unilateral breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9708
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Η ρητορική της προσβολής
Authors: Ηλιόπουλος Παναγιώτης
Published: July 2024

Η εργασία επικεντρώνεται στον προσωπικό προσβλητικό λόγο, δηλαδή στις λεκτικές προσβολές κατά συγκεκριμένων προσώπων, όπως εμφανίζονται στα βυζαντινά αγιολογικά και ιστοριογραφικά κείμενα της περιόδου μεταξύ 6ου – 12ου αιώνα.
Studying the selectivity of neuronal sub-populations within fMRI voxels
Authors: Σαπουντζής Παναγιώτης
Published: July 2024

Στόχος της διατριβής υπήρξε η χρήση λειτουργικής μαγνητικής τομογραφίας (fMRI, σε πεδία 3T και 7Τ ) για τη μελέτη της οπτικής επεξεργασίας. Παρά τη σημαντική συνεισφορά της fMRI τεχνικής στη κατανόηση της λειτουργίας του εγκεφάλου, ένα βασικό της μειονέκτημα της αποτελεί η χαμηλή χωρική της ανάλυση σε σχέση με την κλίμακα στην οποία λαμβάνουν χώρα οι νευρωνικές διεργασίες. Η τυπική χωρική ανάλυση της τεχνικής είναι της τάξης του κυβικού χιλιοστού (mm3). Σε αυτή τη μονάδα όγκου (voxel) περιέχονται χιλιάδες νευρώνες με ετερογενείς ιδιότητες, γεγονός που καθιστά αδύνατη την απευθείας μελέτη της επιλεκτικότητας των νευρωνικών πληθυσμών. Για την υπέρβαση αυτού του περιορισμού έχουν προταθεί δύο προσεγγίσεις. Η πρώτη βασίζεται στην ιδιότητα της προσαρμογής (adaptation) και συγκεκριμένα στην παρατήρηση ότι η fMRI απόκριση σε ένα δεδομένο voxel μειώνεται έπειτα από παρατεταμένη παρουσίαση κάποιου ερεθίσματος. Επιπλέον, η μείωση αυτή παρουσιάζει επιλεκτικότητα ως προς τα χαρακτηριστικά του ερεθίσματος. Η δεύτερη προσέγγισηαποκαλείται ανάλυση προτύπων πολλαπλών μεταβλητών (multi-variate pattern analysis MVPA) και στηρίζεται στο γεγονός πως σε δεδομένα voxel υπερισχύει η επιλεκτικότητα συγκεκριμένων τιμών χαρακτηριστικών των ερεθισμάτων (π.χ. επιλεκτικότητα σε κάποιο δεδομένο προσανατολισμό). Η επιλεκτικότητα αυτή ανακύπτει από το γεγονός πως νευρώνες με διαφορετική επιλεκτικότητα κατανέμονται ανομοιόμορφα στα επιμέρουςvoxel. Έτσι, χρησιμοποιώντας αλγορίθμούς ταξινόμησης προτύπων (pattern classification), ανιχνεύονται μοτίβα επιλεκτικής δραστηριότητας και διαπιστώνεται σε ποιο βαθμό μια εγκεφαλική περιοχή αναπαριστά συγκεκριμένα χαρακτηριστικά των ερεθισμάτων (π.χ. προσανατολισμό). Η διατριβή συνέκρινε τις δύο τεχνικές με στόχο τη μελέτη της αναπαράστασης χαρακτηριστικών των ερεθισμάτων στον ινιακό λοβό. Μεταξύ άλλων, διερεύνησε το κατά πόσο η προσαρμογή και η MVPA τεχνική είναι δυνατό να ανιχνεύσουν την επιλεκτικότητα προσανατολισμού (orientation selectivity). Χρησιμοποιώντας βέλτιστα πειραματικά πρωτόκολλα για καθεμία από τις προσεγγίσεις, διαπιστώσαμε ότι η MVPA τεχνική ήταν πιο ευαίσθητη στην ανίχνευση διαφορών στον προσανατολισμό των ερεθισμάτων. Ωστόσο, στις περιοχές του ινιακού λοβού, παρατηρήθηκε υψηλή συσχέτιση μεταξύ των εκτιμήσεων που παράγουν οι δύο μέθοδοι. Μέρος των αποτελεσμάτων της μελέτης δημοσιεύτηκαν στο παρακάτω άρθρο:P. Sapountzis, D. Schluppeck, R. Bowtell, J.W. Peirce. (2010) A comparison of fMRI adaptation and multi-variate pattern classification analysis in visual cortex. Neuroimage 49:1632–1640, doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.066
Percepção de securitários sobre compressão da jornada de trabalho
Authors: Thomazini Rodrigues Renan , Rennó Castro Vinícius , Mendes Luciano , Granja Coutinho Maria Lucia
Published: July 2024

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a percepção de securitários brasileiros em relação à compressão da semana de trabalho sob diferentes pontos de vista e correlacioná-la a variáveis sociodemográficas e de momento de carreira. Foi realizada uma pesquisa survey de abordagem mista com aplicação de questionários junto a 240 securitários. A partir de análises estatísticas, assim como análises temáticas, conclui-se que individualmente os participantes tiveram maior concordância sobre os efeitos positivos de uma jornada comprimida, sendo a intensidade do trabalho o principal obstáculo para sua adoção; e alguns gestores possuem uma visão cética sobre os efeitos na produtividade.
Capacidades de inovação
Authors: Lima Lucas Gabriel Bezerra , Silva Glessia
Published: July 2024

Esta pesquisa objetiva entender as capacidades dinâmicas necessárias para gerar inovações em pequenas empresas que atuam em contextos com deficiência de instituições de suporte à inovação. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo de caso múltiplo com cinco pequenas empresas inseridas em um mesmo contexto. Os resultados indicam que, apesar da falta de suporte institucional, as empresas desenvolvem capacidades dinâmicas específicas para inovar. O estudo destaca os papeis do gestor, dos recursos, dos fornecedores e dos clientes, como elementos-chave para superar desafios do ambiente. Conclui-se que a interpretação do ambiente na teoria das capacidades dinâmicas influencia os resultados de inovação.
STATE AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Kozin Ilya N. , Chuvashlova Marina V. , Kozin Andrey N.
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the study of the industry of the Russian Federation is connected with its important role as a key driver of development of the Russian economy, therefore it is necessary to analyze its current state, identify the main problems and give an overview of trends and prospects of this industry in the digital economy.
The purpose is to identify the main trends in the functioning and priority areas of development of the Russian industry based on the analysis of its current state.
Method and methodology of work. The article used methods of analysis and synthesis of statistical information for 2018 - 2022, methods of comparison and generalization, statistical grouping.
Results. The main trends in the development of industrial enterprises (automation of production, search for new markets, expansion of production capacity, increasing the level of competitiveness, development of digitalization and use of the latest information technologies), leading and lagging regions of Russia were identified.
Conclusion. Digital competitiveness, including digital strategy, innovation culture, digital skills and competencies, innovative technologies and digital interaction, is a priority for the development of the industrial sector.
The volunteer component in providing social services in conditions of martial law
Authors: Hrynkiv Andrii ,   Dragomanov Ukrainian State University, Petrunchak Denys ,   Dragomanov Ukrainian State University
Published: July 2024

The article examines the significance of volunteer initiatives in providing social services to the population of Ukraine under extraordinary conditions caused by full-scale military aggression. The relevance and invaluable importance of the volunteer movement as an indispensable resource for effective support and assistance to vulnerable population categories affected by the war are highlighted. Special attention is given to a comprehensive review of the functioning and interaction of volunteer organizations with state institutions and international humanitarian organizations, which facilitates prompt and effective response to the urgent needs of society. The study emphasizes the importance of inclusivity in volunteer initiatives, demonstrating how the participation of persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons, and other socially vulnerable groups in volunteer activities contributes to their social integration and psychological rehabilitation. Examples of effective cross-sectoral cooperation based on principles of mutual trust, responsibility, and common goal, allowing for quick and efficient response to the needs of the affected, are illuminated. Outlined are the prospects for further development of the social sphere based on the integration of efforts of all participants in social provisioning, the use of innovative approaches and practices gained as a result of the war experience. The necessity of developing and implementing new policies aimed at attracting more volunteers and resources to address a complex of social problems is underlined. The importance of the research lies in highlighting the role of volunteering as a strategic resource in supporting the resilience and adaptation of society to the challenges of wartime.
Specific features of volunteer activity of students of higher education institutions in wartime
Authors: Zhukov Viktor ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, Kotelevets Anastasiia ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University
Published: July 2024

Students are an active social group that is one of the first to respond to challenges occurring in society. A fullscale invasion was no exception, it was students who began to actively help internally displaced persons and deploy aid headquarters on the basis of higher education institutions. Many volunteer groups were created, each of which took a certain responsibility – some create camouflage nets, others prepare food, others help build logistics and physically accompany people in need of help. Higher education institutions, as organizations that not only impart professional knowledge but also engage in educational work, have created the conditions for these activities. Universities also initiate volunteer actions and events themselves and involve students. The purpose of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of volunteering activities of students of a higher education institution in wartime conditions. After conducting a survey of 326 students, we determined that the most popular direction turned out to be the direction of collecting and transferring funds for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and internally displaced persons – 61%. 37.7% of students noted that after the full-scale invasion, they chose the direction of volunteer activity – the fight in the information space (ban on fake news and other resources that spread disinformation), 29.1% noted that they helped in the humanitarian headquarters of a volunteer organization or community. 18.7% did not participate in volunteer activities, but only plan to do so. The survey confirmed that the full-scale invasion and the start of military actions in 2014 motivated most students to volunteer, some of them doing so thanks to the Universities that created the conditions for it.
Research on the formation of psychological health of adolescents in a general secondary education institution
Authors: Karaman Olena ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Yurkiv Yaroslava ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the formation of a healthy lifestyle (psychological health) of adolescents in a general secondary education institution. The concept of psychological health of adolescents is revealed; the main components of psychological health in primary school children are determined; components (value-semantic, reflective, cognitive, motivational-behavioral), criteria (value, personal, cognitive, behavioral) are defined, indicators and levels (low, medium, high) of psychological health of adolescents; the Program for stabilizing the psycho-emotional state of adolescents in general secondary education institutions is developed and implemented.
Deinstitutionalization of social care institutions for elderly people: the Polish experience
Authors: Nykolaieva Valentyna ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Malіarchuk Natalya ,   SHEI Priazovsky State Technical University
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the actual problem of deinstitutionalization of social service institutions for the elderly. The purpose of the article: to analyze and summarize the experience of the Republic of Poland in solving the specified problem, to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the forms of providing social services to this vulnerable population category implemented in the country. The article determines that the main forms of long-term care for the elderly in the Republic of Poland are family and institutional care. It is emphasized that due to a number of demographic and social reasons, the potential of family care is rapidly decreasing, and therefore the demand for institutional services, which are expensive and do not fully meet the needs of the elderly, is increasing. The measures of the Polish government, which it carries out within the framework of deinstitutionalization, are analyzed, and their priorities are determined: bringing social services closer to the place of residence of their recipient, providing services in the community, creating semi-stationary day care facilities. For those who need round-the-clock inpatient care, family-type boarding houses are created, which differ from traditional institutional institutions in their family atmosphere, informal relationships, lack of a rigid daily routine and isolation from society. The reasons and purpose of implementing government programs «ASOS 2012–2013», «ASOS 2014–2020» and «Aktywni+», «Senior+» are considered. It was determined that the result was the creation of the necessary infrastructure for the provision of day care, as well as for the active activities of the elderly, primarily in rural communes, as well as Councils of the elderly as a means of social inclusion and countering the manifestations of ageism in society.
Inclusive community development in Ukraine during the war and prospects for post-war recovery: social aspect
Authors: Stepanenko Viktoriia ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University
Published: July 2024

The article states that in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, there is an urgent need to study the situations in territorial communities related to the war. In particular, this concerns the recovery of the affected territories, the fullfledged life of the inhabitants of communities, vulnerable categories of the population; recovery of social institutions and their capacities; ensuring proper access of the population to education, health care, and social services; realization of the potential of territorial communities and discovery of their new opportunities for inclusive development. Attention was drawn to the fact that the idea of interaction of all its subjects is the basis of the inclusive development of the community. The need for community representatives to participate in the development of recovery strategies at the national and regional levels is emphasized. The purpose of inclusive development is determined, which consists in involving vulnerable categories of the population in work, integrating youth, women, people with disabilities, the elderly, internally displaced persons into the labour market, providing them with the opportunity to receive social and economic benefits from participation in projects. The priorities of the post-war recovery of communities in the social context are outlined: social cohesion, activity of community members, justified and adequate application of the tools of inclusive development, creation of equal opportunities for all citizens, impact on special social groups, ensuring access to decent jobs for vulnerable population groups, orientation towards solutions problems, ensuring safety and stability.
Hull City Council
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: July 2024

New leadership team drives children's services improvements in Yorkshire port city in effort to turn the tide on its Ofsted rating
Ecological Literacy of Pupils of Primary Education in Slovakia as a Precondition of Biodiversity Education
Authors: Balážová Mária , Ciceková Jana , Macko Jozef , Záhorská Eva
Published: July 2024

Children who are currently in primary schools are part of the generation that will be most affected by the current environmental trend of our planet in the future. They are the generation that will need to live in accordance with sustainable development and biodiversity protection. One of the key aspects of biodiversity education is to increase environmental literacy using appropriate and effective methods. Our aim was to assess the ecological literacy of a group of primary school students in Slovakia and to identify areas where additional support and clarification may be needed for effective biodiversity education. Our findings reveal widespread misconceptions regarding terms such as 'ecology,' 'community,' 'population,' and 'ecosystem.' The research emphasizes the importance of innovative pedagogical approaches to address and correct these misconceptions effectively. By incorporating exploration-oriented teaching methods, hands-on activities, and a constructivist approach, educators can engage students in experiential learning and facilitate a deeper understanding of ecological principles. Interdisciplinary and participatory research approaches focused on biodiversity education offer promising avenues to enhance ecological literacy. Moreover, increasing interest in environmental education can contribute to nurturing environmentally conscious individuals equipped to tackle ecological challenges effectively. This study underscores the urgency of prioritizing ecological education at primary schools and provides insights into strategies for fostering ecological literacy among young learners.
Carme Noguera Falguera. Infermera, filla i neta d’hospitalers d’Olot
Authors: Ramió Jofre Anna , Torres Penella Carme
Published: July 2024

El testimoni de Carme Noguera, de 109 anys, permetconèixer escenaris històrics d’abans, durant i després de laGuerra Civil Espanyola: els hospitalers i congregacions del’Hospital d’Olot; l’Escola d’Infermeres de la Generalitatrepublicana; la pràctica infermera de guerra a l’Hospital Clínic ide postguerra a Olot i Vic; la il·legitimitat dels títols republicans,la revalidació dels estudis de Practicant i el paper de la dona.
Democracy compromised. An interpretation of the Greek economic and political crisis in the period 2009–2015
Authors: Tsirigotis Dionysios
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The key objective of this study is to clarify the gap between democracy and representation in modern state as well as its results, as to how policy is formed and implemented. In this context, the core questions to be considered are the following: How is democracy defined in the modern era? What is the relationship between policy (democracy) and civil society-citizens? How can we explain/interpret the question of the political function of democracy by society? The mutation of the notion of democracy in the modern era, leads to the weakening of its content and the dislocation of its variable qualifiers condensing in the distinction between ‘direct’ and ‘representative’ democracy. As a result to the pre-representative relation between society and executive branch, a democratic deficit exists and thus a ‘legitimacy crisis’ arises in the executive branch, causing the inability to meet the basic requirements of each society.
Contesting Indigeneity in Colonial Cuba
Authors: Paniagua John Paul
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This article analyzes the differing trajectories of two Indigenous pueblos—Guanabacoa (outside Havana) and Jiguaní (on the outskirts of Bayamo)—to explore the persistence of Native communities in colonial Cuba and various contestations of indigeneity across the longue durée. Though protected Indigenous pueblos were grafted into a larger patchwork of unequal and overlapping republics that formed the building blocks of legal pluralism across the Spanish Americas, they were virtually nonexistent across the Greater Antilles because conquest and colonization had destroyed Native chiefdoms. Consequently, surviving Native communities in the Greater Antilles were suspended between their own claims to Indigenous ancestry and how those with power defined them as an incoherent population. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, Spanish officials repeatedly dismissed the authenticity of Native communities on the island, suggesting that they were frauds from the Atlantic world or the vestiges of Indigenous communities that had long ago lost their "Color." Charting these contestations and attending to the formation, composition, and litigiousness of these pueblos demonstrates that indigeneity in Cuba was neither extinguished nor static; it was actively (re)created by a diverse community of indios who used histories rooted in the island's past and legal strategies routed across the Spanish American colonies. This article is accompanied by an appendix on the OI Reader (https://oireader.wm.edu/open_wmq/contesting-indigeneity-in-colonial-cuba/).
Cross-lingual hate speech detection using domain-specific word embeddings
Authors: Monnar Ayme Arango , Perez Rojas Jorge , Labra Barbara Polete
Published: July 2024

THIS ARTICLE USES WORDS OR LANGUAGE THAT IS CONSIDERED PROFANE, VULGAR, OR OFFENSIVE BY SOME READERS. Hate speech detection in online social networks is a multidimensional problem, dependent on language and cultural factors. Most supervised learning resources for this task, such as labeled datasets and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, have been specifically tailored for English. However, a large portion of web users around the world speak different languages, creating an important need for efficient multilingual hate speech detection approaches. In particular, such approaches should be able to leverage the limited cross-lingual resources currently existing in their learning process. The cross-lingual transfer in this task has been difficult to achieve successfully. Therefore, we propose a simple yet effective method to approach this problem. To our knowledge, ours is the first attempt to create a multilingual embedding model specific to this problem. We validate the effectiveness of our approach by performing an extensive comparative evaluation against several well-known general-purpose language models that, unlike ours, have been trained on massive amounts of data. We focus on a zero-shot cross-lingual evaluation scenario in which we classify hate speech in one language without having access to any labeled data. Despite its simplicity, our embeddings outperform more complex models for most experimental settings we tested. In addition, we provide further evidence of the effectiveness of our approach through an ad hoc qualitative exploratory analysis, which captures how hate speech is displayed in different languages. This analysis allows us to find new cross-lingual relations between words in the hate-speech domain. Overall, our findings indicate common patterns in how hate speech is expressed across languages and that our proposed model can capture such relationships significantly.
Alain Resnais: Interviews, Lynn A. Higgins, ed., T. Jefferson Kline, trans. (2021)
Authors: Holland Ben
Published: July 2024

Review of: Alain Resnais: Interviews, Lynn A. Higgins, ed., T. Jefferson Kline, trans. (2021)

Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 234pp., ISBN: 9781496833938 (pbk), $25.00, ISBN: 9781496833945 (hbk), $99.00
Iranian Cinema and the Islamic Revolution, Shahla Mirbakhtyar (2006)
Authors: Mirab Sohrab
Published: July 2024

Review of: Iranian Cinema and the Islamic Revolution, Shahla Mirbakhtyar (2006)

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 210pp., ISBN: 9780786422852 (pbk), $30
The Matrix: Revolving
Authors: Garten Demi E. M.
Published: July 2024

Review of: The Matrix: Revolving

The Matrix (1999)

USA/Australia

Directors Lana Wachowski and Lilly Wachowski

Runtime 136 minutes
What is dark matter, its gravitational pull and why it compels us to move?
Authors: Gams Miša
Published: July 2024

Miša Gams attended a dance performance, entitled A Place With a View (Prostor z razgledom) by Vita Osojnik. In her review she suggests that the performance, with its open hermeneutic structure of symbols, is like a riddle a viewer can interpret according to their knowledge and intuition. Respectively, she analyzes contrasts between dark and white, but primarily focuses on four natural elements (fire, water, earth, air), which she interprets as an insight into understanding the fluidity and changeability of all living things.
Authentizität und Diversität im Stadttheater
Authors: Schneider Jens
Published: July 2024

Das deutsche System der öffentlich subventionierten Stadt- und Staatstheater gilt als eines der besten der Welt. Das liegt nicht nur an der stabilen Förderung, sondern auch daran, dass die Reproduktion hoher Qualität und die ständige Erneuerung durch die staatliche Schauspielausbildung und regelmäßige Führungswechsel im System fest verankert sind. Und gleichzeitig tun sich Stadt- und Staatstheater immer noch sehr schwer, auf die Anforderungen einer stets vielfältiger werdenden "Migrationsgesellschaft" entsprechend zu reagieren und sich auch selbst diverser aufzustellen. Auf Basis einer fast zweijährigen Feldforschung im Theaterbereich geht der Beitrag der Frage nach, woran das liegt, und beschreibt u.a. anhand der so genannten "authentischen" Rollenbesetzung, welchen Dilemmata sich Theater zwischen den Erwartungen des Publikums und eigenen stereotypen Bildern auf der einen Seite und der Öffnung für andere Perspektiven und Sehgewohnheiten gegenüber sieht - nicht zuletzt, um auch neue Bevölkerungsschichten als Publikum zu gewinnen und dem eigenen Anspruch der Abbildung gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen und Widersprüche auch weiterhin gerecht zu werden. Dazu gehört im Theatersystem auch die Schauspielausbildung: wieviel Vielfalt schafft es durch die hochselektive und kompetitive Aufnahmeprozedur der staatlichen Schauspielschulen, wie wichtig kann/soll/darf "akzentfreies Deutsch" noch sein als Aufnahmekriterium, wenn die urbane Wirklichkeit "da draußen" längst vielsprachig und voller Akzente ist?
Kleine Strukturmacht statt großer Ideologie. Akkreditierung und Diversity
Authors: Schneijderberg Christian , Steinhardt Isabel
Published: July 2024

Schneijderberg und Steinhardt zeichnen in diesem Beitrag nach, wie Akkreditierung als sanftes Konditionalprogramm in Bezug auf Diversity-Dimensionen gewirkt hat. Unter sanfter Konditionierung wird in Anlehnung an Luhmann die politische Steuerung durch Akkreditierungskriterien verstanden, die als Vehikel genutzt werden, um gesellschaftlich aktuell diskutierte Themen in den Hochschulen zu platzieren. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert in einem ersten Schritt, wie und welche Diversity-Dimensionen in Akkreditierungskriterien abgebildet wurden. Hierzu wurden die Hochschulrahmengesetze, die ländergemeinsamen Strukturvorgaben der Kultusministerkonferenz, die Akkreditierungskriterien sowie Tätigkeitsberichte und Protokolle des Akkreditierungsrates mittels einer Dokumentenanalyse ausgewertet. Um die Konditionierung nachzuzeichnen, wurde in einem zweiten Schritt eine Topic-Modeling-Analyse von 828 Selbstdokumentationen der Hochschulen, 743 Gutachtenberichte und 560 Beschlussbriefen durchgeführt.