bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cementocyte cell death occurs in rat cellular cementum during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Matsuzawa Humihiro , Toriya Naoko , Nakao Yuya , Konno-Nagasaka Moe , Arakawa Toshiya , Okayama Miki , Mizoguchi Itaru
Published: December 2016

Objective:

To clarify the mechanism of root resorption during orthodontic treatment, we examined cementocyte cell death and root resorption in the cellular cementum on the pressure side during experimental tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:

Using 8-week-old male Wistar rats, the right first molar was pushed mesiobuccally with a force of 40 g by a Ni-Ti alloy wire while the contralateral first molar was used as a control. Localization and number of cleaved caspase-3-positive and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) - positive cells were evaluated using dual-label immunohistochemistry with anticleaved caspase-3 and anti-ssDNA antibodies. In addition, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the cellular cementum were evaluated using TRAP histochemical staining.

Results:

Caspase-3- and ssDNA-positive cells appeared at 12 hours, but were restricted to the compressed periodontal ligament (PDL) and not the cellular cementum. Cleaved caspase-3-positive cementocytes were observed in the cellular cementum adjacent to the compressed PDL on day 1. From days 2 to 4, the number of caspase-3- and ssDNA-positive cementocytes increased. TRAP-positive cells appeared on the cellular cementum at the periphery of the hyalinized tissue on day 7, and resorption progressed into the broad surface of the cementum by day 14.

Conclusion:

Cementocytes adjacent to the hyalinized tissue underwent apoptotic cell death during orthodontic tooth movement, which might have been associated with subsequent root resorption.
Inhibiting Microglia Expansion Prevents Diet-Induced Hypothalamic and Peripheral Inflammation
Authors: André Caroline , Guzman-Quevedo Omar , Rey Charlotte , Rémus-Borel Julie , Clark Samantha , Castellanos-Jankiewicz Ashley , Ladeveze Elodie , Leste-Lasserre Thierry , Nadjar Agnes , Abrous Djoher Nora , Laye Sophie , Cota Daniela
Published: December 2016

Cell proliferation and neuroinflammation in the adult hypothalamus may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. We tested whether the intertwining of these two processes plays a role in the metabolic changes caused by 3 weeks of a high–saturated fat diet (HFD) consumption. Compared with chow-fed mice, HFD-fed mice had a rapid increase in body weight and fat mass and specifically showed an increased number of microglia in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. Microglia expansion required the adequate presence of fats and carbohydrates in the diet because feeding mice a very high-fat, very low-carbohydrate diet did not affect cell proliferation. Blocking HFD-induced cell proliferation by central delivery of the antimitotic drug arabinofuranosyl cytidine (AraC) blunted food intake, body weight gain, and adiposity. AraC treatment completely prevented the increase in number of activated microglia in the ARC, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α in microglia, and the recruitment of the nuclear factor-κB pathway while restoring hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. Central blockade of cell proliferation also normalized circulating levels of the cytokines leptin and interleukin 1β and decreased peritoneal proinflammatory CD86 immunoreactive macrophage number. These findings suggest that inhibition of diet-dependent microglia expansion hinders body weight gain while preventing central and peripheral inflammatory responses due to caloric overload.
An intervention study assessing a peer outreach model to promote safer-sex for tourism workers
Authors: Milhausen Robin R. , Crosby Richard A. , Yarber William L. , Graham Cynthia A. , Sanders Stephanie A. , Ingram Hailey , Barr Vanessa Moffitt , Macdonald Ian R.
Published: December 2016

Tourism destinations provide unique social contexts which foster sexual risk-taking. Banff, Alberta, Canada is one such destination with high rates of STI and risk-taking, particularly among tourism workers (TWs).Twenty-five TWs (14 women and 11 men) completed a single session intervention designed to promote the consistent and correct use of condoms. The intervention, comprised of motivational and skills-based training and the provision of a range of high-quality condoms and lubricants, was delivered in a one-to-one format in community settings. Pre- and post-intervention (three weeks following) paper and pencil questionnaires were administered. Sexual experience barriers to condom use significantly decreased (P<.001) after the intervention and confidence in condom use negotiation (P=.005) significantly increased. Confidence in using condoms without loss of pleasure (P=.001) also significantly increased. The number of condom use errors significantly decreased (P<.001). All except two of the behavioral outcomes were also significant: TWs were more likely to discuss condom use before having sex (P=.025), more likely to report condom use the last time sex occurred (P=.005), and more likely to add lubrication to condoms for penile-vaginal sex (P=.027). Significant changes in frequency of unprotected penile-anal sex and frequency of unprotected penile-vaginal sex were not observed; however a large effect size was observed relative to decreases in unprotected penile-vaginal sex. Together the behavioural outcomes and psychosocial outcomes suggest the potential utility for this single session program to be applied in other tourist destinations.
Agonum ericeti (Panzer) dans le Massif Central (Coleoptera Carabidae Platyninae)
Authors: Pupier René
Published: December 2016

Agonum ericeti (Panzer) vient d'être découvert en deux localités de la bordure orientale du Massif Central. L'étude des deux exemplaires trouvés conduit à apporter quelques rectifications aux informations données sur cette espèce par les auteurs français classiques.
Les Anthicidae de la faune de France : compléments aux Notoxinae (Coleoptera)
Authors: Bonadona Paul
Published: December 2016

Suite à la découverte récente de deux espèces nouvelles de Notoxus pour la faune de France, N. simulans en 1989 et N. lonai tout récemment, un complément à la révision des espèces françaises des Notoxinae est proposé : clé d'identification illustrée des Notoxus, synonymies, répartitions et description plus détaillée des deux espèces récemment découvertes.
ALMA REVEALS WEAK [N ii] EMISSION IN “TYPICAL” GALAXIES AND INTENSE STARBURSTS AT z = 5–6
Authors: Pavesi Riccardo , Riechers Dominik A. , Capak Peter L. , Carilli Christopher L. , Sharon Chelsea E. , Stacey Gordon J. , Karim Alexander , Scoville Nicholas Z. , Smolčić Vernesa
Published: December 2016

We report interferometric measurements of [N ii] 205 μm fine-structure line emission from a representative sample of three galaxies at z = 5–6 using the Atacama Large (sub)Millimeter Array (ALMA). These galaxies were previously detected in [C ii] and far-infrared continuum emission and span almost two orders of magnitude in star formation rate (SFR). Our results show at least two different regimes of ionized interstellar medium properties for galaxies in the first billion years of cosmic time, separated by their

ratio. We find extremely low [N ii] emission compared to [C ii] (

) from a “typical”

star-forming galaxy, likely directly or indirectly (by its effect on the radiation field) related to low dust abundance and low metallicity. The infrared-luminous modestly star-forming Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) in our sample is characterized by an ionized-gas fraction (

typical of local star-forming galaxies and shows evidence for spatial variations in its ionized-gas fraction across an extended gas reservoir. The extreme SFR, warm and compact dusty starburst AzTEC-3 shows an ionized fraction higher than expected given its SFR surface density (

) suggesting that [N ii] dominantly traces a diffuse ionized medium rather than star-forming H ii regions in this type of galaxy. This highest redshift sample of [N ii] detections provides some of the first constraints on ionized and neutral gas modeling attempts and on the structure of the interstellar medium at z = 5–6 in “normal” galaxies and starbursts.
N-BODY DYNAMICS OF INTERMEDIATE MASS-RATIO INSPIRALS IN STAR CLUSTERS
Authors: Haster Carl-Johan , Antonini Fabio , Kalogera Vicky , Mandel Ilya
Published: December 2016

The intermediate mass-ratio inspiral of a stellar compact remnant into an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) can produce a gravitational wave (GW) signal that is potentially detectable by current ground-based GW detectors (e.g., Advanced LIGO) as well as by planned space-based interferometers (e.g., eLISA). Here, we present results from a direct integration of the post-Newtonian N-body equations of motion describing stellar clusters containing an IMBH and a population of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) and solar-mass stars. We take particular care to simulate the dynamics closest to the IMBH, including post-Newtonian effects up to an order of 2.5. Our simulations show that the IMBH readily forms a binary with a BH companion. This binary is gradually hardened by transient three-body or four-body encounters, leading to frequent substitutions of the BH companion, while the binary’s eccentricity experiences large-amplitude oscillations due to the Lidov–Kozai resonance. We also demonstrate suppression of these resonances by the relativistic precession of the binary orbit. We find an intermediate mass-ratio inspiral in 1 of the 12 cluster models we evolved for ∼100 Myr. This cluster hosts a

IMBH embedded in a population of 32

BH and 32,000

stars. At the end of the simulation, after ∼100 Myr of evolution, the IMBH merges with a BH companion. The IMBH–BH binary inspiral starts in the eLISA frequency window (

) when the binary reaches an eccentricity

. After

yr the binary moves into the LIGO frequency band with a negligible eccentricity. We comment on the implications for GW searches, with a possible detection within the next decade.
SHOCK-DRIVEN ACCRETION IN CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS: OBSERVABLES AND SATELLITE FORMATION
Authors: Zhu Zhaohuan , Ju Wenhua , Stone James M.
Published: December 2016

Circumplanetary disks (CPDs) control the growth of planets, supply material for satellites to form, and provide observational signatures of young forming planets. We have carried out two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with radiative cooling to study CPDs and suggested a new mechanism to drive the disk accretion. Two spiral shocks are present in CPDs, excited by the central star. We find that spiral shocks can at least contribute to, if not dominate, the angular momentum transport and energy dissipation in CPDs. Meanwhile, dissipation and heating by spiral shocks have a positive feedback on shock-driven accretion itself. As the disk is heated up by spiral shocks, the shocks become more open, leading to more efficient angular momentum transport. This shock-driven accretion is, on the other hand, unsteady due to production and destruction of vortices in disks. After being averaged over time, a quasi-steady accretion is reached from the planet’s Hill radius all the way to the planet surface, and the disk α coefficient characterizing angular momentum transport is ∼0.001–0.02. The disk surface density ranges from 10 to 1000 g cm−2 in our simulations, which is at least three orders of magnitude smaller than the “minimum-mass subnebula” model used to study satellite formation; instead it is more consistent with the “gas-starved” satellite formation model. Finally, we calculate the millimeter flux emitted by CPDs at ALMA and EVLA wavelength bands and predict the flux for several recently discovered CPD candidates, which suggests that ALMA is capable of discovering these accreting CPDs.
TWO DISTINCT-ABSORPTION X-RAY COMPONENTS FROM TYPE IIn SUPERNOVAE: EVIDENCE FOR ASPHERICITY IN THE CIRCUMSTELLAR MEDIUM
Authors: Katsuda Satoru , Maeda Keiichi , Bamba Aya , Terada Yukikatsu , Fukazawa Yasushi , Kawabata Koji , Ohno Masanori , Sugawara Yasuharu , Tsuboi Yohko , Immler Stefan
Published: December 2016

We present multi-epoch X-ray spectral observations of three Type IIn supernovae (SNe), SN 2005kd, SN 2006jd, and SN 2010jl, acquired with Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku, and Swift. Previous extensive X-ray studies of SN 2010jl have revealed that X-ray spectra are dominated by thermal emission, which likely arises from a hot plasma heated by a forward shock propagating into a massive circumstellar medium (CSM). Interestingly, an additional soft X-ray component was required to reproduce the spectra at a period of ∼1–2 years after the SN explosion. Although this component is likely associated with the SN, its origin remained an open question. We find a similar, additional soft X-ray component from the other two SNe IIn as well. Given this finding, we present a new interpretation for the origin of this component; it is thermal emission from a forward shock essentially identical to the hard X-ray component, but directly reaches us from a void of the dense CSM. Namely, the hard and soft components are responsible for the heavily and moderately absorbed components, respectively. The co-existence of the two components with distinct absorptions as well as the delayed emergence of the moderately absorbed X-ray component could be evidence for asphericity of the CSM. We show that the X-ray spectral evolution can be qualitatively explained by considering a torus-like geometry for the dense CSM. Based on our X-ray spectral analyses, we estimate the radius of the torus-like CSM to be on the order of ∼5 × 1016 cm.
BEING WISE II: REDUCING THE INFLUENCE OF STAR FORMATION HISTORY ON THE MASS-TO-LIGHT RATIO OF QUIESCENT GALAXIES
Authors: Norris Mark A. , Van de Ven Glenn , Schinnerer Eva , Crain Robert A. , Meidt Sharon , Groves Brent , Bower Richard G. , Furlong Michelle , Schaller Matthieu , Schaye Joop , Theuns Tom
Published: December 2016

Stellar population synthesis models can now reproduce the photometry of old stellar systems (age

2 Gyr) in the near-infrared (NIR) bands at 3.4 and 4.6 μm (WISE W1 and W2 or IRAC 1 and 2). In this paper, we derive stellar mass-to-light ratios for these and optical bands, and confirm that the NIR M/L shows dramatically reduced sensitivity to both age and metallicity compared to optical bands, and further, that this behavior leads to significantly more robust stellar masses for quiescent galaxies with [Fe/H]

−0.5 regardless of star-formation history (SFH). We then use realistic early-type galaxy SFHs and metallicity distributions from the EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation to investigate two methods to determine the appropriate M/L for a galaxy. (1) We show that the uncertainties introduced by an unknown SFH can be largely removed using a spectroscopically inferred luminosity-weighted age and metallicity for the population to select the appropriate single stellar population (SSP) equivalent M/L. Using this method, the maximum systematic error due to SFH on the M/L of an early-type galaxy is

at 3.4 μm and typical uncertainties due to errors in the age and metallicity create a scatter of

. The equivalent values for optical bands are more than two to three times greater, even before considering uncertainties associated with internal dust extinction. (2) We demonstrate that if the EAGLE SFHs and metallicities accurately reproduce the true properties of early-type galaxies, the use of an iterative approach to select a mass dependent M/L can provide even more accurate stellar masses for early-type galaxies, with typical uncertainties of

.
ON THE ORIGIN OF THE SCATTER BROADENING OF FAST RADIO BURST PULSES AND ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Xu Siyao , Zhang Bing
Published: December 2016

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) have been identified as extragalactic sources that can probe turbulence in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and their host galaxies. To account for the observed millisecond pulses caused by scatter broadening, we examine a variety of possible electron density fluctuation models in both the IGM and the host galaxy medium. We find that a short-wave-dominated power-law spectrum of density, which may arise in highly supersonic turbulence with pronounced local dense structures of shock-compressed gas in the host interstellar medium (ISM), can produce the required density enhancements at sufficiently small scales to interpret the scattering timescale of FRBs. This implies that an FRB residing in a galaxy with efficient star formation in action tends to have a broadened pulse. The scaling of the scattering time with the dispersion measure (DM) in the host galaxy varies in different turbulence and scattering regimes. The host galaxy can be the major origin of scatter broadening, but contributes to a small fraction of the total DM. We also find that the sheet-like structure of the density in the host ISM associated with folded magnetic fields in a viscosity-dominated regime of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence cannot give rise to strong scattering. Furthermore, valuable insights into the IGM turbulence concerning the detailed spatial structure of density and magnetic field can be gained from the observed scattering timescale of FRBs. Our results favor the suppression of micro-plasma instabilities and the validity of the collisional-MHD description of turbulence properties in the collisionless IGM.
1.3 mm POLARIZED EMISSION IN THE CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK OF A MASSIVE PROTOSTAR
Authors: Fernández-López M. , Stephens I. W. , Girart J. M. , Looney L. , Curiel S. , Segura-Cox D. , Eswaraiah C. , Lai S.-P.
Published: December 2016

We present the first resolved observations of the 1.3 mm polarized emission from the disk-like structure surrounding the high-mass protostar Cepheus A HW2. These CARMA data partially resolve the dust polarization, suggesting a uniform morphology of polarization vectors with an average position angle of

57
°
±
6
°

and an average polarization fraction of

2.0
%
±
0.4
%

. The distribution of the polarization vectors can be attributed to (1) the direct emission of magnetically aligned grains of dust by a uniform magnetic field, or (2) the pattern produced by the scattering of an inclined disk. We show that both models can explain the observations, and perhaps a combination of the two mechanisms produces the polarized emission. A third model including a toroidal magnetic field does not match the observations. Assuming scattering is the polarization mechanism, these observations suggest that during the first few 104 years of high-mass star formation, grain sizes can grow from

1

μ
m

to several 10s μm.
ON THE GRAVITATIONAL STABILITY OF THE MACLAURIN DISK
Authors: Roshan Mahmood , Abbassi Shahram , Khosroshahi Habib G.
Published: December 2016

We study the global gravitational stability of a gaseous self-gravitating Maclaurin disk in the absence of a halo. Further, we replace Newtonian gravity with the specific modified gravity theory known as MOG in the relevant literature. MOG is an alternative theory for addressing the dark matter problem without invoking exotic dark matter particles, and it possesses two free parameters α and μ
0 in the weak field limit. We derive the equilibrium gravitational potential of the Maclaurin disk in MOG and develop a semianalytic method for studying the response of the disk to linear nonaxisymmetric perturbations. The eigenvalue spectrum of the normal modes of the disk is obtained, and its physical meaning has been explored. We show that Maclaurin disks are less stable in MOG than in Newtonian gravity. In fact, both parameters (α, μ
0) have destabilizing effects on the disk. Interestingly, μ
0 excites only the bar mode m = 2, while α affects all of the modes. More specifically, when α > 1, the bar mode is strongly unstable and unlike in Newtonian gravity cannot be avoided, at least in the weak field limit, with increasing the pressure support of the disk.
THE SCALING OF STELLAR MASS AND CENTRAL STELLAR VELOCITY DISPERSION FOR QUIESCENT GALAXIES AT z < 0.7
Authors: Zahid H. Jabran , Geller Margaret J. , Fabricant Daniel G. , Hwang Ho Seong
Published: December 2016

We examine the relation between stellar mass and central stellar velocity dispersion—the M
*
σ relation—for massive quiescent galaxies at z < 0.7. We measure the local relation from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the intermediate redshift relation from the Smithsonian Hectospec Lensing Survey. Both samples are highly complete (>85%) and we consistently measure the stellar mass and velocity dispersion for the two samples. The M
*
σ relation and its scatter are independent of redshift with

for M
* ≳ 1010.3 M
⊙. The measured slope of the M
*
σ relation is the same as the scaling between the total halo mass and the dark matter halo velocity dispersion obtained by N-body simulations. This consistency suggests that massive quiescent galaxies are virialized systems, where the central dark matter concentration is either a constant or negligible fraction of the stellar mass. The relation between the total galaxy mass (stellar + dark matter) and the central stellar velocity dispersion is consistent with the observed relation between the total mass of a galaxy cluster and the velocity dispersion of the cluster members. This result suggests that the central stellar velocity dispersion is directly proportional to the velocity dispersion of the dark matter halo. Thus, the central stellar velocity dispersion is a fundamental, directly observable property of galaxies, which may robustly connect galaxies to dark matter halos in N-body simulations. To interpret the results further in the context of ΛCDM, it would be useful to analyze the relationship between the velocity dispersion of stellar particles and the velocity dispersion characterizing their dark matter halos in high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations.
REVISITING THE COMPLETENESS AND LUMINOSITY FUNCTION IN HIGH-REDSHIFT LOW-LUMINOSITY QUASAR SURVEYS
Authors: Niida Mana , Nagao Tohru , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Matsuoka Kenta , Kobayashi Masakazu A. R. , Toba Yoshiki , Taniguchi Yoshiaki
Published: December 2016

Recent studies have derived quasar luminosity functions (QLFs) at various redshifts. However, the faint side of the QLF at high redshifts is still too uncertain. An accurate estimate of the survey completeness is essential to derive an accurate QLF for use in studying the luminosity-dependent density evolution (LDDE) of the quasar population. Here we investigate how the luminosity dependence of quasar spectra (the Baldwin effect) and the attenuation model for the intergalactic medium (IGM) affect the completeness estimates. For this purpose, we specifically revisit the completeness of quasar surveys at

, using the COSMOS images observed with Subaru/Suprime-Cam. As a result, we find that the completeness estimates are sensitive to the luminosity dependence of the quasar spectrum and to different the IGM attenuation models. At

, the number density of quasars when we adopt the latest IGM model and take the luminosity dependence of spectra into account is

Mpc−3 mag−1 for

and

Mpc−3 mag−1 for

, which are ∼24% lower than that estimated by the conventional method. On the other hand, at

, the

confidence upper limit of the number density at

in our new estimates is ∼43% higher than that estimated previously. The results suggest that the luminosity dependence of the quasar spectrum and the IGM model are important for deriving the accurate number density of high-z quasars. Even taking these effects into account, the inferred LDDE of quasars is consistent with the AGN downsizing evolutionary picture.
TRANSIENT EVENTS IN ARCHIVAL VERY LARGE ARRAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE GALACTIC CENTER
Authors: Chiti Anirudh , Chatterjee Shami , Wharton Robert , Cordes James , Lazio T. Joseph W. , Kaplan David L. , Bower Geoffrey C. , Croft Steve
Published: December 2016

The Galactic center has some of the highest stellar densities in the Galaxy and a range of interstellar scattering properties, which may aid in the detection of new radio-selected transient events. Here, we describe a search for radio transients in the Galactic center, using over 200 hr of archival data from the Very Large Array at 5 and 8.4 GHz. Every observation of Sgr A* from 1985 to 2005 has been searched using an automated processing and detection pipeline sensitive to transients with timescales between 30 s and 5 minutes with a typical detection threshold of ∼100 mJy. Eight possible candidates pass tests to filter false-positives from radio-frequency interference, calibration errors, and imaging artifacts. Two events are identified as promising candidates based on the smoothness of their light curves. Despite the high quality of their light curves, these detections remain suspect due to evidence of incomplete subtraction of the complex structure in the Galactic center, and apparent contingency of one detection on reduction routines. Events of this intensity (∼100 mJy) and duration (∼100 s) are not obviously associated with known astrophysical sources, and no counterparts are found in data at other wavelengths. We consider potential sources, including Galactic center pulsars, dwarf stars, sources like GCRT J1745−3009, and bursts from X-ray binaries. None can fully explain the observed transients, suggesting either a new astrophysical source or a subtle imaging artifact. More sensitive multiwavelength studies are necessary to characterize these events, which, if real, occur with a rate of

in the Galactic center.
UNVEILING THE ROLE OF GALACTIC ROTATION ON STAR FORMATION
Authors: Utreras José , Becerra Fernando , Escala Andrés
Published: December 2016

We study the star formation process at galactic scales and the role of rotation through numerical simulations of spiral and starburst galaxies using the adaptive mesh refinement code Enzo. We focus on the study of three integrated star formation laws found in the literature: the Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) and Silk–Elmegreen (SE) laws, and the dimensionally homogeneous equation proposed by Escala

. We show that using the last we take into account the effects of the integration along the line of sight and find a unique regime of star formation for both types of galaxies, suppressing the observed bi-modality of the KS law. We find that the efficiencies displayed by our simulations are anti-correlated with the angular velocity of the disk Ω for the three laws studied in this work. Finally, we show that the dimensionless efficiency of star formation is well represented by an exponentially decreasing function of

, where

is the initial free-fall time. This leads to a unique galactic star formation relation which reduces the scatter of the bi-modal KS, SE, and Escala relations by 43%, 43%, and 35%, respectively.
THE CANDIDATE CLUSTER AND PROTOCLUSTER CATALOG (CCPC). II. SPECTROSCOPICALLY IDENTIFIED STRUCTURES SPANNING 2 < z < 6.6
Authors: Franck J. R. , McGaugh S. S.
Published: December 2016

The Candidate Cluster and Protocluster Catalog (CCPC) is a list of objects at redshifts z > 2 composed of galaxies with spectroscopically confirmed redshifts that are coincident on the sky and in redshift. These protoclusters are identified by searching for groups in volumes corresponding to the expected size of the most massive protoclusters at these redshifts. In CCPC1 we identified 43 candidate protoclusters among 14,000 galaxies between 2.74 < z < 3.71. Here we expand our search to more than 40,000 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts z > 2.00, resulting in an additional 173 candidate structures. The most significant of these are 36 protoclusters with overdensities δ
gal > 7. We also identify three large proto-supercluster candidates containing multiple protoclusters at z = 2.3, 3.5 and z = 6.56. Eight candidates with N ≥ 10 galaxies are found at redshifts z > 4.0. The last system in the catalog is the most distant spectroscopic protocluster candidate known to date at z = 6.56.
VECTOR MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS ALONG A COOLED STEREO-IMAGED CORONAL LOOP
Authors: Schad T. A. , Penn M. J. , Lin H. , Judge P. G.
Published: December 2016

The variation of the vector magnetic field along structures in the solar corona remains unmeasured. Using a unique combination of spectropolarimetry and stereoscopy, we infer and compare the vector magnetic field structure and three-dimensional morphology of an individuated coronal loop structure undergoing a thermal instability. We analyze spectropolarimetric data of the He i
λ10830 triplet (

) obtained at the Dunn Solar Telescope with the Facility Infrared Spectropolarimeter on 2011 September 19. Cool coronal loops are identified by their prominent drainage signatures in the He i data (redshifts up to 185 km s−1). Extinction of EUV background radiation along these loops is observed by both the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board spacecraft A of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, and is used to stereoscopically triangulate the loop geometry up to heights of 70 Mm (0.1R
Sun) above the solar surface. The He i polarized spectra along this loop exhibit signatures indicative of atomic-level polarization, as well as magnetic signatures through the Hanle and Zeeman effects. Spectropolarimetric inversions indicate that the magnetic field is generally oriented along the coronal loop axis, and provide the height dependence of the magnetic field intensity. The technique we demonstrate is a powerful one that may help better understand the thermodynamics of coronal fine-structure magnetism.
A SYSTEMATIC SEARCH FOR PERIODICALLY VARYING QUASARS IN PAN-STARRS1: AN EXTENDED BASELINE TEST IN MEDIUM DEEP SURVEY FIELD MD09
Authors: Liu T. , Gezari S. , Burgett W. , Chambers K. , Draper P. , Hodapp K. , Huber M. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Magnier E. , Metcalfe N. , Tonry J. , Wainscoat R. , Waters C.
Published: December 2016

We present a systematic search for periodically varying quasars and supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) candidates in the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) Medium Deep Survey’s MD09 field. From a color-selected sample of 670 quasars extracted from a multi-band deep-stack catalog of point sources, we locally select variable quasars and look for coherent periods with the Lomb–Scargle periodogram. Three candidates from our sample demonstrate strong variability for more than ∼3 cycles, and their PS1 light curves are well fitted to sinusoidal functions. We test the persistence of the candidates’ apparent periodic variations detected during the 4.2 years of the PS1 survey with archival photometric data from the SDSS Stripe 82 survey or new monitoring with the Large Monolithic Imager at the Discovery Channel Telescope. None of the three periodic candidates (including PSO J334.2028+1.4075) remain persistent over the extended baseline of 7–14 years, corresponding to a detection rate of <1 in 670 quasars in a search area of ≈5 deg2. Even though SMBHBs should be a common product of the hierarchal growth of galaxies, and periodic variability in SMBHBs has been theoretically predicted, a systematic search for such signatures in a large optical survey is strongly limited by its temporal baseline and the “red noise” associated with normal quasar variability. We show that follow-up long-term monitoring (≳5 cycles) is crucial to our search for these systems.
Bone Area Provides a Responsive Outcome Measure for Bone Changes in Short-term Knee Osteoarthritis Studies
Authors: Bowes Michael A. , Maciewicz Rose A. , Waterton John C. , Hunter David J. , Conaghan Philip G.
Published: December 2016

Objective.

To analyze the 3-D bone area from an osteoarthritis (OA) cohort demonstrating no change in cartilage thickness.

Methods.

Twenty-seven women with painful medial knee OA had magnetic resonance images at 0, 3, and 6 months. Images were analyzed using active appearance models.

Results.

At 3 and 6 months, the mean change in medial femoral bone area was 0.34% (95% CI 0.04–0.64) and 0.61% (95% CI 0.32–0.90), respectively. Forty-one percent of the subjects had progression greater than the smallest detectable difference at 6 months.

Conclusion.

In this small cohort at high risk of OA progression, bone area changed at 3 and 6 months when cartilage morphometric measures did not.
Longterm Work Productivity Costs Due to Absenteeism and Permanent Work Disability in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Register Study of 7831 Patients
Authors: Martikainen Janne A. , Kautiainen Hannu , Rantalaiho Vappu , Puolakka Kari T.
Published: December 2016

Objective.

To estimate the development and potential disproportional distribution of longterm productivity costs (PC) and their determinants leading to work absenteeism and permanent work disability in working-aged patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

A cohort of subjects with early RA was created by identifying the new cases of RA from the national drug reimbursement register that had been granted a special reimbursement for their antirheumatic medications for RA from 2000–2007. The dataset was enriched by cross-linking with other national registries detailing work absenteeism days and permanent disability pensions. In the base case, the human capital approach was applied to estimate PC based on subjects’ annual number of absenteeism days and incomes. Hurdle regression analysis was applied to study the determinants of PC.

Results.

Among the 7831 subjects with early RA, the mean (bootstrapped 95% CI) annual PC per person-observation year was €4800 (4547–5070). The annual PC declined after the first year of RA diagnosis, but increased significantly in subsequent years. In addition, the PC was heavily disproportionally concentrated in a small fraction of patients with RA, because only around 20% of patients accounted for the majority of total annual PC. The initiation of active drug treatment during the first 3 months after RA diagnosis significantly reduced the cumulative PC when compared with no drug treatment.

Conclusion.

The longterm PC increased significantly in parallel with years elapsing after RA diagnosis. Further, the majority of these PC are incurred by a small proportion of patients.
Health visitors and child health: did health visitors have an impact?
Authors: Reid Alice
Published: December 2016

Résumé Le service de visites médicales à domicile a été établi, en Angleterre et aux Pays de Galles, au début du xx e siècle, afin d'améliorer la santé et la survie des bébés et des enfants, mais il est difficile d'en apprécier les effets. Sont examinées ici les priorités des interventions pratiques de ce service débutant dans la campagne du Derbyshire, afin d'apprécier l'étendue et l'efficacité du ciblage. Bien que la forte mortalité et le statut social des familles orientent légèrement les interventions, il apparaît que l'état médical spécifique des enfants nés (par exemple en cas d'ophtalmie) conduit à une attention plus soutenue des visiteuses. Les situations sont très contrastées. Elles dépendent des circonstances locales (effectif de la population et zone couverte par les visiteuses médicales) et aboutissent à des écarts dans le choix des visites qui dépassent les seules indications de risque familial élevé ou de statut social. La nature presque universelle du service médical dans le Derbyshire semble adaptée du fait de l'accent mis sur la diffusion du savoir sur l'enfant et sur l'hygiène parmi les mères (plutôt que sur la seule prévention de cas de décès). Il a probablement reçu un meilleur accueil de la part des mères qu'un service qui aurait été plus étroitement ciblé.
L'état présent de la démograhie historique antique : tentative de bilan
Authors: Corvisier Jean-Noël
Published: December 2016

Résumé La démographie historique antique a connu depuis les années 1980 un développement remarquable qui lui a permis d'obtenir une visibilité et une reconnaissance scientifiques désormais incontestées. Cet article entend opérer un bilan raisonné des avancées de cette discipline depuis vingt ans pour ce qui concerne les mondes grec et romain. Après avoir montré l'apport des nouvelles sources disponibles (comme les surveys), il fait le point sur un certain nombre de problèmes pendants qui animent les débats intellectuels touchant à la population et aux systèmes familiaux de l'Antiquité, notamment le niveau des populations athénienne, spartiate et romaine, la réalité d'une dépopulation dans l'Antiquité, la surexposition des filles dans le monde grec, le poids de la population servile et ses modalités de renouvellement.
Les conscrits de 1914 : la contribution de la jeunesse française à la formation d'une armée de masse
Authors: Boulanger Philippe
Published: December 2016

Résumé Cet article met en évidence l'importance quantitative du recrutement militaire au sein de la population adolescente masculine durant la Grande Guerre. Durant quatre ans, l'application de la conscription, qui repose sur la loi d'août 1913, permet le recrutement de presque deux millions d'hommes, soit généralement près de 90 % d'une classe d'âge. Elle doit permettre de constituer une armée de masse et d'alimenter les « gros bataillons » de l'infanterie. En 1914, 65 % des jeunes recrues sont affectées dans l'infanterie et, après la guerre, plus de la moitié d'entre elles le sont encore. Cette doctrine repose sur le principe que la victoire s'acquiert par le nombre, au terme d'une guerre courte. L'universalité et l'égalité des obligations militaires se sont imposées au début du siècle comme les conditions de sa réalisation. Tous les jeunes gens de 20 ans sont soumis au même régime quelle que soit leur origine sociale ou géographique.
La paléodémographie : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Buchet Luc , Séguy Isabelle
Published: December 2016

Résumé La recherche des grandes caractéristiques démographiques des populations anciennes, fondée sur l'étude de squelettes issus de sites archéologiques, s'est heurtée à de nombreux obstacles. Les paléodémographes ont tenté, rarement d'une même voix, de les contourner par des adaptations méthodologiques ou des innovations. La publication d'ouvrages, la tenue de tables rondes et de colloques témoignent à l'heure actuelle du regain de vitalité de cette discipline. Il était donc intéressant de faire le point, tant sur les sources et les outils, que sur les grandes directions suivies naguère par la paléodémographie et les pistes qu'elle emprunte aujourd'hui, en France comme l'étranger. L'évolution de la discipline a été marquée par une longue polémique transatlantique concernant le problème posé par l'estimation de l'âge au décès des adultes. La validité des résultats présentés par les paléodémographes dépend de l'exactitude des données utilisées. Or, quel que soit l'indicateur utilisé, l'âge au décès estimé est toujours assorti d'une encombrante marge d'erreur. Pour contourner cette difficulté, des paléodémographes français ont proposé, il y a 20 ans, de travailler sur l'âge « collectif » et non plus sur l'âge individuel. Leur méthode probabiliste, adoptée par la plupart des paléodémographes européens, n'a pas la faveur de leurs collègues américains. Le présent bilan propose une analyse critique des diverses méthodes, examine les adaptations éventuellement proposées et dénonce des utilisations parfois abusives. La démonstration de l'impossibilité de donner un âge exact à partir d'un quelconque caractère osseux étant faite, les auteurs apportent ici quelques compléments à des méthodes existantes et poursuivent leurs recherches dans une approche probabiliste. En reconnaissant les imperfections du document anthropologique sur lequel elle se fonde et en définissant clairement ses limites, la paléodémographie peut apporter des informations originales là où les méthodes traditionnelles de la démographie ne permettent pas d'aller. Les nouvelles approches méthodologiques développées devraient permettre de tirer profit de l'important corpus de données mis à disposition par les anthropologues.
De l'utilité des statistiques démographiques de l'Indochine française (1862-1954)
Authors: Barbieri Magali
Published: December 2016

Résumé La démographie historique des pays d’Asie du Sud-Est anciennement colonisés par la France (Cambodge, Laos et Viêt-Nam) demeure méconnue. Les quelques travaux publiés jusqu’ici sur le sujet concluent à une croissance rapide de la population, attribuée aux effets sanitaires bénéfiques de la politique coloniale. Les statistiques disponibles indiquent, au contraire, le faible dynamisme démographique de ces pays avant la seconde guerre mondiale mais, à cause de leur qualité médiocre, leur utilité a été régulièrement contestée. L’étude ici présente a pour objet d’évaluer la fiabilité des données retrouvées – essentiellement dans les archives de l’administration de l’époque – par une analyse qualitative des procédures de collecte et de leur évolution ainsi que du contexte historique de leur production. Elle démontre l’absence d’amélioration dans la qualité des rares statistiques disponibles au cours de cette période (1862-1954) et, ainsi, l’exagération du dynamisme démographique généralement admis.
Les médecins de l'armée et les soins aux colons en Algérie (1848-1851)
Authors: Fredj Claire
Published: December 2016

Résumé Dans les premières décennies de la conquête en Algérie en 1830 se pose la question de la possibilité d’y installer une population européenne. La force avec laquelle les maladies déciment le corps expéditionnaire et les colons rend en effet cette implantation problématique, surtout au milieu du xix e siècle, quand la République, en 1848, organise la venue de 12 000 colons, qui viennent compléter une population rurale française d’environ 20 000 personnes. Le contrôle sanitaire de ces nouveaux villages est essentiellement effectué par des médecins militaires. Ils sont les témoins de leurs difficiles débuts et notamment de la forte mortalité de populations urbaines peu habituées à leurs nouvelles conditions d’existence. Ces difficultés posent la question de l’acclimatement, diversement appréciée par les médecins. Les rapports des médecins de l’armée esquissent le paysage sanitaire en train de naître en Algérie. Y domine, particulièrement dans les campagnes, le médecin militaire, aux côtés duquel travaillent aussi des médecins civils, des sœurs de charité et des sages-femmes. Outre la mise en place d’un cadre matériel et humain, les rapports des officiers de santé précisent la manière dont les médecins organisent leur service médical, la fréquence des visites et la manière dont elles se déroulent, éclairant un pan de l’histoire de la médicalisation au xix e siècle
Les enfants abandonnés à l'hôpital de Parme (Italie) dans la commune de Pellegrino Parmense
Authors: Mazzoni Stanislao , Manfredini Matteo
Published: December 2016

Résumé Grâce à une source étatique antérieure à l’Unité italienne, qui s’est révélée d’une précision remarquable et que nous avons complétée par une plongée dans les archives paroissiales locales, nous avons pu observer, au sein d’une zone de collines de l’actuelle province de Parme au milieu du xix e siècle, la présence massive d’individus – le plus souvent des enfants et des jeunes gens – définis par la source elle-même comme « Figli dell’Ospedale » (Pupilles de l’Hôpital). « L’Ospedale degli Esposti di Parma » (hôpital des Enfants trouvés) était une institution destinée, comme tant d’autres à l’époque, à la sauvegarde et à la prise en charge de l’enfance abandonnée, puis au placement des enfants assistés auprès de familles de la région. Dans ces foyers d’accueil, les nourrices s’occupaient d’élever les petits enfants, en échange d’un dédommagement versé par l’institution. Au milieu du xix e siècle, la commune de Pellegrino Parmense représentait, par les caractéristiques mêmes de son territoire mais aussi en raison de son type d’économie qui en faisait un espace spécifique, le lieu idéal au sein de l’ensemble du duché de Parme, où faire grandir les enfants abandonnés. Les sources utilisées, pour l’essentiel un recensement de l’année 1849 portant sur l’ensemble de la zone étudiée, nous ont permis d’évaluer la dimension atteinte par ce phénomène. En outre, pour un espace plus limité correspondant à l’une des paroisses de la commune, la paroisse d’Iggio, et grâce aux actes de mariage de celle-ci, nous avons pu suivre le destin des nombreux enfants trouvés envoyés en ce lieu par l’hôpital de Parme, et en particulier analyser les comportements démographiques des enfants abandonnés, là où ils vivaient une fois sortis de l’hôpital.
Socioeconomic Structure and Differential Fertility by Wealth in a Mid-Nineteenth Century Tuscan Community
Authors: Manfredini Matteo , Breschi Marco
Published: December 2016

Résumé Cet article porte sur la relation existant entre richesse et fécondité dans un village toscan à la démographie pré-transitionnelle, Casalguidi au milieu du xix e siècle. Cet enjeu est très important en démographie historique car les grands traits des populations caractérisées par une fécondité naturelle et l’absence de contrôle volontaire des naissances ne sont pas encore tous dévoilés. Grâce à des données à l’échelle micro, nous reconstruisons non seulement les parcours de vie individuels et familiaux des habitants de Casalguidi, mais encore nous disposons de leur niveau de richesse année après année. Nos résultats suggèrent que dans cette population rurale toscane, il existait des différences de fécondité en fonction de la richesse dès avant que la transition démographique ne commence. Les mères vivant dans des ménages aisés étaient marquées par une fécondité supérieure à celle des couches les plus pauvres. Ce trait entretenait aussi un lien avec la mortalité infantile inférieure des familles riches.
L'oubli des origines. Amnésie et information généalogiques en histoire et en ethnologie
Authors: Barry Laurent , Gasperoni Michael
Published: December 2016

Résumé Le recours à l’ordinateur pour traiter et analyser des données généalogiques est de plus en plus fréquent. S’il ouvre des voies nouvelles, il n’est pas sans poser quelques problèmes, dont certains se situent d’ailleurs en amont. En effet, les informations collectées dans les sources historiques, par exemple, privilégient souvent les hommes et de fait les lignées agnatiques sont davantage connues. En ethnologie aussi, les corpus généalogiques constitués à partir d’enquêtes de terrain comportent leur lot d’asymétries en ce qui concerne la « mémoire » généalogique. Que faire de ces « vides », de cette « amnésie » généalogique? Comment la mesurer? A-t-elle un « impact » sur la structure matrimoniale d’un réseau de parenté? Est-il possible de la contourner? L’article revient sur ces difficultés méthodologiques, et montre, avec l’aide du logiciel Puck, différentes façons de repérer et de qualifier la déperdition de l’information généalogique. Mais ces méthodes posent à leur tour un certain nombre de problèmes. L’article propose donc une méthode de « réductions généalogiques » qui, posant des contraintes allant crescendo, permet d’évacuer les « zones d’ombre » des corpus, ne prenant en compte, dans les recensements matrimoniaux, que les individus pour lesquels une connaissance généalogique minimale est disponible.
Des liaisons avantageuses : l'Alliance nationale pour l'accroissement de la population française et les fonctionnaires (1890-1914)
Authors: De Luca Barrusse Virginie
Published: December 2016

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à l’action menée par l’Alliance nationale pour l’accroissement de la population française en faveur des fonctionnaires et à ses motivations au cours des années 1890-1914. L’Alliance entend particulièrement encourager et soutenir leur fécondité parce que leurs caractéristiques sanitaires et sociales répondent aux exigences de la qualité et de la quantité de la population qu’elle entend promouvoir. Pour défendre sa politique, l’Alliance dispose de moyens et de relais puissants qui font entrer le débat sur la prise en compte des charges de familles à la Chambre des députés dans de multiples dispositifs. Mais pour que les mesures qu’elle soutient puissent être étudiées puis acceptées, elles doivent être chiffrées. L’Alliance développe donc des outils pour l’action qu’elle mène. Elle est notamment à l’origine d’un recensement des fonctionnaires en 1907 qui lui permet de vérifier un certain nombre de postulats sur cette population.