bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fitting state‐space integral projection models to size‐structured time series data to estimate unknown parameters
Authors: White J. Wilson , Nickols Kerry J. , Malone Daniel , Carr Mark H. , Starr Richard M. , Cordoleani Flora , Baskett Marissa L. , Hastings Alan , Botsford Louis W.
Published: July 2016

Integral projection models (IPMs) have a number of advantages over matrix‐model approaches for analyzing size‐structured population dynamics, because the latter require parameter estimates for each age or stage transition. However,IPMs still require appropriate data. Typically they are parameterized using individual‐scale relationships between body size and demographic rates, but these are not always available. We present an alternative approach for estimating demographic parameters from time series of size‐structured survey data using a Bayesian state‐spaceIPM(SSIPM). By fitting anIPMin a state‐space framework, we estimate unknown parameters and explicitly account for process and measurement error in a dataset to estimate the underlying process model dynamics. We tested our method by fittingSSIPMs to simulated data; the model fit the simulated size distributions well and estimated unknown demographic parameters accurately. We then illustrated our method using nine years of annual surveys of the density and size distribution of two fish species (blue rockfish,Sebastes mystinus, and gopher rockfish,S. carnatus) at seven kelp forest sites in California. TheSSIPMproduced reasonable fits to the data, and estimated fishing rates for both species that were higher than our Bayesian prior estimates based on coast‐wide stock assessment estimates of harvest. That improvement reinforces the value of being able to estimate demographic parameters from local‐scale monitoring data. We highlight a number of key decision points inSSIPMdevelopment (e.g., open vs. closed demography, number of particles in the state‐space filter) so that users can apply the method to their own datasets.
Water motion modulates predator nonconsumptive limitation of prey recruitment
Authors: Ellrich Julius A. , Scrosati Ricardo A.
Published: July 2016

Predator chemical cues can elicit behavioral changes in prey to minimize predation risk. Recent field studies have shown that such predator nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) can ultimately affect prey demography. The environment is known to modulate predator consumptive effects on prey demography, but the environmental modulation of predator NCEs on prey demography remains unstudied. We investigated this knowledge gap using an intertidal predator–prey system. Dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) chemical cues can limit barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides) recruitment by limiting larval settlement. As waves disperse chemicals in coastal environments, we experimentally tested the hypothesis that wave exposure limits dogwhelk NCEs on barnacle recruitment. Shortly before the barnacle recruitment season of 2013 (May–June), we established cages in rocky intertidal habitats in Atlantic Canada under two levels of wave exposure. The cages were used to manipulate the presence and absence of dogwhelks. At the center of each cage, we installed a tile where barnacle pelagic larvae could settle and develop into recruits. Mesh prevented caged dogwhelks from accessing the tiles, but allowed their waterborne cues to reach the tiles. Data collected at the end of the recruitment season indicated that dogwhelk cues limited barnacle recruitment in wave‐sheltered habitats but had no effect on recruitment in wave‐exposed habitats. These findings suggest that predicting predator NCEs on prey demography may require environmental information related to the ability of prey to locate predators.
An environmental evaluation: A comparison between geopolymer and OPC concrete paving blocks manufacturing process in italy
Authors: Petrillo Antonella , Cioffi Raffaele , De Felice Fabio , Colangelo Francesco , Borrelli Claudia
Published: July 2016

Brick has been always one of the most used materials in the construction sector, but the traditional manufacturing process is responsible of relevant environmental and human health impacts. This context has encouraged the development and use of new building materials, such as geopolymers, which represent a great opportunity to improve sustainability and produce better performance and environmental friendly materials in the construction sector. In this study is developed an environmental evaluation of the geopolymeric and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) based concrete blocks manufacturing process using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The analysis is performed using CML 2 baseline 2000 and Eco indicator 99 methodologies. This study highlights that future research and development in the field of geopolymer concrete technology represents a potential solution for environmental protection. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1699–1708, 2016
A novel carrier element‐free co‐precipitation method for separation/preconcentration of lead and cadmium ions from environmental matrices
Authors: Bulut Volkan Numan , Demirci Hamit , Ozdes Duygu , Gundogdu Ali , Bekircan Olcay , Soylak Mustafa , Duran Celal
Published: July 2016

A new separation and pre‐concentration method was presented in this study for two trace heavy metal ions, lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) from aqueous solutions, based on a carrier element free co‐precipitation (CEFC) method using a triazole derivate, 3‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)−5‐phenyl‐4‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzylamino)−4H‐1,2,4‐triazole as an organic co‐precipitating agent. The method was optimized with some analytical parameters which affect the quantitative recoveries of study metals. According to the results, optimum pH of solution, quantity of co‐precipitating agent, centrifugation and incubation time, and sample volume were determined as 6.0, 1.5 mg, 10 min, and 10 min, and 100 mL, respectively. In addition, no significant matrix interferences were observed over the recovery of the metal ions. For analytical figure of merit, RSD values of the method were found as 5.7 and 4.8 for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively. LOD values were also calculated as 2.0 µg L−1 for Pb2+ and 0.2 µg L−1 for Cd2+. The accuracy of method was checked with spiked/recovery tests and analysis of a standard reference material. The developed method was finally applied to the real liquid/solid samples under the optimum conditions. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1709–1715, 2016
Copper(I)‐Dioxygen Adducts and Copper Enzyme Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Jeffrey J. , Diaz Daniel E. , Quist David A. , Karlin Kenneth D.
Published: July 2016

Primary copper(I)‐dioxygen (O2) adducts, cupric‐superoxide complexes, have been proposed intermediates in copper‐containing dioxygen‐activating monooxygenase and oxidase enzymes. Here, mechanisms of C−H activation by reactive copper‐(di)oxygen intermediates are discussed, with an emphasis on cupric‐superoxide species. Over the past 25 years, many synthetically derived cupric‐superoxide model complexes have been reported. Due to the thermal instability of these intermediates, early studies focused on increasing their stability and obtaining physical characterization. More recently, in an effort to gain insight into the possible substrate oxidation step in some copper monooxygenases, several cupric‐superoxide complexes have been used as surrogates to probe substrate scope and reaction mechanisms. These cupric superoxides are capable of oxidizing substrates containing weak O−H and C−H bonds. Mechanistic studies for some enzymes and model systems have supported an initial hydrogen‐atom abstraction via the cupric‐superoxide complex as the first step of substrate oxidation.
Glioblastoma Multiforme and Adult Neurogenesis in the Ventricular‐Subventricular Zone: A Review
Authors: Capdevila Claudia , Rodríguez Vázquez Lucía , Martí Joaquín
Published: July 2016

Brain cancers account for <1,5% of all new cancer cases reported in the United States each year. Due to their invasive and heterogeneous nature, in addition to their resistance to multimodal treatments, these tumors are usually fatal. Gliomas, and in particular high‐grade astrocytomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are the most common and lethal primary tumors of the central nervous system. The median survival of most patients is less than 1 year after application of multimodal therapies. The question is why are these cancers so injurious? And above all, how is it possible for a so carefully orchestrated area like the brain to develop such tumors? This brings us to the study of glioma stem cells, their specialized niches (perivascular and hypoxic), and the neurogenic phenomena that takes place within the adult ventricular‐subventricular zone: a structure that lies at the intersection between brain development and gliomagenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1596–1601, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of co‐infection with hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adult patients in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Baudi Ian , Iijima Sayuki , Chin'ombe Nyasha , Mtapuri‐Zinyowera Sekesai , Murakami Shuko , Isogawa Masanori , Hachiya Atsuko , Iwatani Yasumasa , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of co‐infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the genetic characteristics of both viruses among pre‐HIV‐treatment patients in Harare, Zimbabwe. This cross‐sectional survey involved 176 remnant plasma samples collected from consenting HIV patients (median age 35 [18–74]) between June and September 2014. HBV seromarkers were determined by high‐sensitivity chemiluminescence assays. Molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted on the basal core promoter/precore (BCP/PC) and S regions of HBV, as well as part of the HIV pol region. Of the 176 participants (65.7% female), 19 (10.8%) were positive for HBsAg (median 0.033 IU/ml (IQR 0.01–415). The HBsAg incidence was higher in men than women (P = 0.009). HBsAg‐positive subjects had lower median CD4 counts (P = 0.016). HBV DNA was detectable in 12 HBsAg‐positive samples (median 3.36 log cp/ml (2.86–4.51), seven being amplified and sequenced. All isolates were subgenotype A1 without HBV drug resistance mutations but each had at least one BCP/PC mutation. PreS deletion mutants and small S antigen variants M133I/T and D144G were identified. Of the 164 HIV isolates successfully genotyped, 163 (99.4%) were HIV‐1 subtype C and only one was HIV‐1 subtype F1. Sixteen (9.8%) had at least one drug resistance mutation, predominantly non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐related mutations, observed mostly among female participants. This study shows that co‐infection with HBV is present among HIV patients enrolling into HIV care in Zimbabwe, suggesting that HBV screening and monitoring programmes be strengthened in this context. J. Med. Virol. 89:257–266, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late Quaternary glacial advances in the eastern Qilianshan, north‐eastern Tibet, as inferred from luminescence dating of fluvioglacial sediments
Authors: Hu Gang , Yi Chao‐Lu , Zhang Jia‐Fu , Liu Jin‐Hua , Jiang Tao , Li Sheng‐Hua
Published: July 2016

The Qilianshan [shan means ‘mountain(s)’ in Chinese] are important for understanding the Quaternary glaciations which occurred along the north‐eastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Two sets of moraines identified in the Gangshika Valley on the southern slopes of the Qilianshan, and in the Jindonggou Valley on the northern slopes of the Lenglongling Ridge in the eastern Qilianshan, were dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The De values of the sediments were determined using single aliquot regeneration (SAR) and ‘global standardized growth curve’ (gSGC) procedures. The gSGC method was first applied to glacial sediment and proved to be adaptable. Based on De distribution analysis, and a comparison between the ages of coarse‐grained (90–125 μm) quartz, we concluded that the minimum age model (MAM) OSL age obtained may be closer to the burial age of the sediments. The first set of moraines in the Gangshika Valley was formed at 18.1 ± 1.8 ka. The second set of moraines in both the Gangshika and the Jindonggou valleys was mainly formed at ∼12.5–10.7 ka, consistent with the Younger Drays chronozone, most probably covering the moraines produced at 14.3 ± 1.4 ka. These results indicate that the glaciers along the Lenglongling Ridge were sensitive to abrupt decreases in temperature.
Evaluation of Nanostructure, optical absorption, and thermal behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly (N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) based nanocomposite films containing coated SiO2 nanoparticles with citric acid and l(+)‐ascorbic acid
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Naghdi Mina
Published: July 2016

Nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)–poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) blend filled with different weight percentages of nano‐silica were prepared using solution intercalation method. At first, to better dispersion and good compatibility of nano‐silica embedded in the polymer matrix, surface tailoring of it was carried out by two bio‐safe molecules, citric acid and l(+)‐ascorbic acid. Then, the effect of the modified nano‐silica (MS) on the PVA–PVP blend was studied. So, different characterization techniques were running including, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2012–2018, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Predicting prolonged dose titration in patients starting warfarin
Authors: Finkelman Brian S. , French Benjamin , Bershaw Luanne , Brensinger Colleen M. , Streiff Michael B. , Epstein Andrew E. , Kimmel Stephen E.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Patients initiating warfarin therapy generally experience a dose‐titration period of weeks to months, during which time they are at higher risk of both thromboembolic and bleeding events. Accurate prediction of prolonged dose titration could help clinicians determine which patients might be better treated by alternative anticoagulants that, while more costly, do not require dose titration.

Methods

A prediction model was derived in a prospective cohort of patients starting warfarin (n = 390), using Cox regression, and validated in an external cohort (n = 663) from a later time period. Prolonged dose titration was defined as a dose‐titration period >12 weeks. Predictor variables were selected using a modified best subsets algorithm, using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation to reduce overfitting.

Results

The final model had five variables: warfarin indication, insurance status, number of doctor's visits in the previous year, smoking status, and heart failure. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) in the derivation cohort was 0.66 (95%CI 0.60, 0.74) using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, but only 0.59 (95%CI 0.54, 0.64) in the external validation cohort, and varied across clinics. Including genetic factors in the model did not improve the area under the ROC curve (0.59; 95%CI 0.54, 0.65). Relative utility curves indicated that the model was unlikely to provide a clinically meaningful benefit compared with no prediction.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that prolonged dose titration cannot be accurately predicted in warfarin patients using traditional clinical, social, and genetic predictors, and that accurate prediction will need to accommodate heterogeneities across clinical sites and over time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐framing the climate change debate in the livestock sector: mitigation and adaptation options
Authors: Rivera‐Ferre M.G. , López‐i‐Gelats F. , Howden M. , Smith P. , Morton J.F. , Herrero M.
Published: July 2016

Livestock play a key role in the climate change debate. As with crop‐based agriculture, the sector is both a net greenhouse gas emitter and vulnerable to climate change. At the same time, it is an essential food source for millions of people worldwide, with other functions apart from food security such as savings and insurance. By comparison with crop‐based agriculture, the interactions of livestock and climate change have been much less studied. The debate around livestock is confusing due to the coexistence of multiple livestock farming systems with differing functions for humans, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profiles and different characteristics and boundary issues in their measurement, which are often pooled together. Consequently, the diversity of livestock farming systems and their functions to human systems are poorly represented and the role of the livestock sector in the climate change debate has not been adequately addressed. In this article, building upon the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC 5AR) findings, we review recent literature on livestock and climate change so as better to include this diversity in the adaptation and mitigation debate around livestock systems. For comparative purposes we use the same categories of managerial, technical, behavioral and policy‐related action to organize both mitigation and adaptation options. We conclude that different livestock systems provide different functions to different human systems and require different strategies, so they cannot readily be pooled together. We also observe that, for the different livestock systems, several win‐win strategies exist that effectively tackle both mitigation and adaptation options as well as food security. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:869–892. doi: 10.1002/wcc.421

This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Benefits of Mitigation

Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development
Autonomous Filling of Grain-Boundary Cavities during Creep Loading in Fe-Mo Alloys
Authors: Zhang S. , Fang H. , Gramsma M. E. , Kwakernaak C. , Sloof W. G. , Tichelaar F. D. , Kuzmina M. , Herbig M. , Raabe D. , Brück E. , van der Zwaag S. , van Dijk N. H.
Published: July 2016

We have investigated the autonomous repair of creep damage by site-selective precipitation in a binary Fe-Mo alloy (6.2 wt pct Mo) during constant-stress creep tests at temperatures of 813 K, 823 K, and 838 K (540 °C, 550 °C, and 565 °C). Scanning electron microscopy studies on the morphology of the creep-failed samples reveal irregularly formed deposits that show a close spatial correlation with the creep cavities, indicating the filling of creep cavities at grain boundaries by precipitation of the Fe2Mo Laves phase. Complementary transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography have been used to characterize the precipitation mechanism and the segregation at grain boundaries in detail.
The three ‘S’s of editing: story, structure, and style
Authors: Watling Chris
Published: July 2016

None
From “Access to Justice” to “Barrier to Justice”? An Empirical Examination of Chinese Court-Annexed Mediation
Authors: LI Yedan
Published: July 2016

The literature on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) has argued for the general advantages of courts’ providing mediation services. However, courts’ involvement in mediation cannot always be justified by those advantages, unless (1) the mediation process is a consensual procedure based on party autonomy and (2) where the initiation is mandatory, the courts’ allocation of cases is justified both by the public interest and a case selection system. In this context, this article empirically tests whether the established arguments from ADR theory can be applied to justify all Chinese court-annexed mediation practices. This study provides a negative answer, owing to the fact that some Chinese court-annexed mediation practices found in the fieldwork aim mainly at clearing dockets and achieving case management for the courts’ organizational interests. Offsetting the advantages, those Chinese court-annexed mediation practices prevent disputants from gaining access to the official adjudication procedure.
Crimes Against Humanity, Dehumanization and Rehumanization: Reading the Case of Duch with Hannah Arendt
Authors: Corrias Luigi
Published: July 2016

The concept of humanity takes up a prominent place in the discourse on international (criminal) law. It remains, however, unclear what exactly is meant by an invocation of humanity. In this article, I aim to contribute to an elucidation of this concept. For this purpose, I will first analyse how the concept of crimes against humanity and the related notions of dehumanization and rehumanization are employed in the case of Duch, the chairman of the infamous Cambodian S-21 prison which functioned under the Khmer Rouge. Second, I will put these findings in a philosophical context. Building on the work of Hannah Arendt, I will devise a conceptual framework to analyse crimes against humanity, dehumanization and rehumanization in order to tease out what is at issue in the concept of humanity in international (criminal) law.
On the Duty to Reconstruct After War: Who is responsible forjus post bellum?
Authors: Peperkamp Lonneke
Published: July 2016

Many argue that the problems encountered in and after today’s armed conflicts demonstrate the need for norms to govern the aftermath of war. Therefore,jus post bellumis welcomed as a ‘new’ branch of just war theory, complementing the theory’s two traditional branches—jus ad bellumandjus in bello.Jus post bellumis meant to function as moral compass, offering the needed guidance in the aftermath of war. While many agree on the importance of a third branch, an important question is often overlooked: After war, how should we distribute post war duties? This question deserves more attention, because uncertainty about specific duty bearers might lead to a situation in which no one will properly acquit these duties, and the critique could be raised thatjus post bellumis in fact merely empty rhetoric. Two specific questions need answering. First: Which conditions can serve as the foundation for post war duties? Second: How to weigh these conditions when they clash or when they point to different actors? This article directly addresses the foundation for responsibility after war, using David Miller’s and H.L.A. Hart’s theories on responsibility, with an eye to developing a system for assigning post war duties in concrete situations. Only with such a system in place is there a realistic prospect thatjus post bellumfunctions as a useful tool in the creation of a just and stable peace.
Upper and lower bounds for the correlation function via inducing with general return times
Authors: BRUIN HENK , TERHESIU DALIA
Published: July 2016

For non-uniformly expanding maps inducing with a general return time to Gibbs Markov maps, we provide sufficient conditions for obtaining higher-order asymptotics for the correlation function in the infinite measure setting. Along the way, we show that these conditions are sufficient to recover previous results on sharp mixing rates in the finite measure setting for non-Markov maps, but for a larger class of observables. The results are illustrated by (finite and infinite measure-preserving) non-Markov interval maps with an indifferent fixed point.
The parameter space of cubic laminations with a fixed critical leaf
Authors: BLOKH ALEXANDER , OVERSTEEGEN LEX , PTACEK ROSS , TIMORIN VLADLEN
Published: July 2016

Thurston parameterized quadratic invariant laminations with a non-invariant lamination, the quotient of which yields a combinatorial model for the Mandelbrot set. As a step toward generalizing this construction to cubic polynomials, we consider slices of the family of cubic invariant laminations defined by a fixed critical leaf with non-periodic endpoints. We parameterize each slice by a lamination just as in the quadratic case, relying on the techniques of smart criticality previously developed by the authors.
Measure preserving actions of affine semigroups and patterns
Authors: BERGELSON VITALY , MOREIRA JOEL
Published: July 2016

Ergodic and combinatorial results obtained in Bergelson and Moreira [Ergodic theorem involving additive and multiplicative groups of a field and$\{x+y,xy\}$patterns.Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.to appear, published online 6 October 2015, doi:10.1017/etds.2015.68], involved measure preserving actions of the affine group of a countable field$K$. In this paper, we develop a new approach, based on ultrafilter limits, which allows one to refine and extend the results obtained in Bergelson and Moreira,op. cit., to a more general situation involving measure preserving actions of thenon-amenableaffine semigroups of a large class of integral domains. (The results and methods in Bergelson and Moreira,op. cit., heavily depend on the amenability of the affine group of a field.) Among other things, we obtain, as a corollary of an ultrafilter ergodic theorem, the following result. Let$K$be a number field and let${\mathcal{O}}_{K}$be the ring of integers of$K$. For any finite partition$K=C_{1}\cup \cdots \cup C_{r}$, there exists$i\in \{1,\ldots ,r\}$such that, for many$x\in K$and many$y\in {\mathcal{O}}_{K}$,$\{x+y,xy\}\subset C_{i}$.
Teachers’ Experiences of Inclusion of Children with Developmental Disabilities across the Early Years of School
Authors: Carrington Suzanne , Berthelsen Donna , Nickerson Julie , Nicholson Jan M. , Walker Sue , Meldrum Katrina
Published: July 2016

This study reports data from teachers in regular classrooms about their experiences of inclusion for 143 young children with disabilities. Children were recruited from early intervention programs and their experiences were tracked across 3 years, from a Preparatory year to Year 2 of school. Children's teachers rated the appropriateness of the child's placement in their classroom as high to very high. However, most teachers rated the resources and supports available to support inclusion as only adequate. Teachers perceived a range of benefits for the child, peers, and themselves from inclusion but also identified significant challenges, including time pressures and increased responsibilities, as well as various behavioural and developmental concerns that had an impact on all children's learning. Challenges identified deserve continued attention for successful inclusive practice.
The Sunday's child of Dutch earth sciences – a tribute to Bert Boekschoten on the occasion of his 80th birthday (introduction)
Authors: Mulder E.W.A. , Jagt J.W.M. , Schulp A.S.
Published: July 2016

Although not exhaustive, the contributions to the present liber amicorum illustrate the wide range of geological, palaeontological and archaeological subjects that Bert Boekschoten has been interested in during his long, productive career. Not only has he carried out research by himself – often in far-flung and occasionally inhospitable places – he also has that special ability to fuel enthusiasm and zeal in others. ‘Have another look’, ‘What about …’, or ‘But maybe it is just the opposite …’ – typical phrases uttered to one of his former PhD students in distress. Always an eye opener, and always at the right time! The present tome covers the fields of (actuo)palaeontology and prehistoric archaeology, papers having been written by some of Bert's former PhD students at Groningen and Amsterdam and by a number of close friends, both at home and abroad. Here we present summaries of the various chapters, add pertinent items of literature and note Bert's involvement in these projects.
A histological study of a femur ofPlagiosuchus, a Middle Triassic temnospondyl amphibian from southern Germany, using thin sections and micro-CT scanning
Authors: Konietzko-Meier D. , Schmitt A.
Published: July 2016

The histology of a femur ofPlagiosuchus, a Middle Triassic temnospondyl amphibian, is described on the basis of two supplementary methods: classic thin sectioning and micro-CT scanning. In addition, the effectiveness of high-resolution micro-CT scanning for histological analysis is assessed. A classic, mid-shaft thin section of the femur was prepared, but prior to slicing two micro-CT scans were made. One of these has an image stack of a total of 1,024 images in the horizontal plane and a slice thickness of 87.8 μm, so that the entire bone could be captured, while the second was at mid-shaft region only, yet with a higher resolution of 28.3 μm and an image stack of 787 images in the horizontal plane. The classic thin section shows a very small medullary region which is surrounded by a layer of endosteal bone. The thick cortex is highly porous with numerous large, mainly longitudinal, vascular canals arranged in layers. In the deepest cortex woven bone occurs and primary osteons had locally started to form (incipient fibro-lamellar bone), which gradually passes into parallel-fibred bone and more lamellar bone close to the outer surface. Remains of a Kastschenko line were identified, enabling a reconstruction of the entire growth record. Five Lines of Arrested Growth (LAG) could be counted. The micro-CT scan enabled observations of the ontogenetic growth stages and calculation of growth rate on the basis of a single specimen. The micro-CT scan permitted a reconstruction of the ontogenetic development and the exact deposition rate per annum. Moreover, at higher resolution the micro-CT scan revealed data on micro-anatomical characters, such as porosity and skeletochronology (growth mark count). In conclusion, micro-CT scans do provide an alternative in cases where thin sectioning of the original bone is not possible.
On the piscivorous behaviour of the Early Cretaceous amiiform neopterygian fishCalamopleurus cylindricusfrom the Santana Formation, northeast Brazil
Authors: Mulder E.W.A.
Published: July 2016

A specimen of the Early Cretaceous amiiform fishCalamopleurus cylindricuswith stomach content is described from the Santana Formation, Brazil. The prey concerns a smaller conspecific individual. Until now, prey items documented forCalamopleurusalmost exclusively involved the aspidorhynchidVinctifer. On the basis of the present record it is suggested that the prey preference ofCalamopleuruswas less pronounced than previously assumed.
Dental macro- and microwear in Carinodens belgicus, a small mosasaur from the type Maastrichtian
Authors: Holwerda F.M. , Beatty B.L. , Schulp A.S.
Published: July 2016

Teeth of the small durophagous mosasaur Carinodens belgicus are known from Maastrichtian Atlantic-Tethyan deposits worldwide. The peculiar dentition of Carinodens inspired debate and speculation on its dietary niche ever since its first description. In this contribution, we describe the macro- and microwear pattern in five well-preserved isolated teeth, allowing further and independent evaluation of aspects of feeding behaviour and diet. Macroscopically, wear is concentrated on the apex and mesiodistal sides. Microwear was mapped using Scanning Electron Microscopy at several magnifications and can be characterised as scratches and pits. Coarse scratches were found to be the most common and pits were found to be the least common feature. Scratch orientation is primarily along the mesiodistal plane or in the labiolingual plane with an angle of ~130°. These microwear features can be explained either by oral processing or passive abrasion by sediments or food. As scratch width only indicates the minimum width of the abrading particle, the material causing the wear here could have ranged from silica-based silts to larger abrasives. However, in this case, abrasion by sediments might not explain this wear because of the biocalcarenitic nature of the type Maastrichtian sediments; siliciclastics are virtually absent. Therefore it is more likely that hard food particles, such as benthic organisms with hard exoskeletons, caused the wear on the enamel of Carinodens, or Carinodens ventured out to more sandy areas to forage as well. The mesiodistal and labiolingual direction of the microwear scratches might suggest that Carinodens showed more complexity in the use of its teeth than simple grasping, and that a gripping and pulling motion during feeding similar to that employed by modern varanids may have been the cause.
New insights into the geological structure of the Netherlands; results of a detailed mapping project
Authors: Kombrink H. , Doornenbal J.C. , Duin E.J.T. , den Dulk M. , ten Veen J.H. , Witmans N.
Published: July 2016

A five years geological mapping project, in which the Netherlands Continental Shelf has been re-examined using all publicly available data, resulted in an important update of the existing dataset. The stratigraphy of over 400 wells has been re-interpreted. New depth and thickness grids, based mainly on the interpretation of 3D seismic data have been produced for the most important stratigraphic intervals from Permian Upper Rotliegend to Neogene. New reservoir grids describe the top, base and thickness of 30 (potential) reservoir units in the area. In addition, the uncertainty related to interpretation and further processing of the data has been assessed. This resulted in maps displaying the standard deviation for the depth of the main stratigraphic intervals. Based on these results and the data already available for the onshore area, an updated structural element map was made for the Netherlands.
Reservoir characterisation of aquifers for direct heat production: Methodology and screening of the potential reservoirs for the Netherlands
Authors: Pluymaekers M.P.D. , Kramers L. , van Wees J.-D. , Kronimus A. , Nelskamp S. , Boxem T. , Bonté D.
Published: July 2016

Geothermal low enthalpy heat in non-magmatic areas can be produced by pumping hot water from aquifers at large depth (>1 km). Key parameters for aquifer performance are temperature, depth, thickness and permeability. Geothermal exploration in the Netherlands can benefit considerably from the wealth of oil and gas data; in many cases hydrocarbon reservoirs form the lateral equivalent of geothermal aquifers. In the past decades subsurface oil and gas data have been used to develop 3D models of the subsurface structure. These models have been used as a starting point for the mapping of geothermal reservoir geometries and its properties. A workflow was developed to map aquifer properties on a regional scale. Transmissivity maps and underlying uncertainty have been obtained for 20 geothermal aquifers. Of particular importance is to take into account corrections for maximum burial depth and the assessment of uncertainties. The mapping of transmissivity and temperature shows favorable aquifer conditions in the northern part of the Netherlands (Rotliegend aquifers), while in the western and southern parts of the Netherlands aquifers of the Triassic and Upper Cretaceous / Jurassic have high prospectivity. Despite the high transmissivity of the Cenozoic aquifers, the limited depth and temperature reduce the prospective geothermal area significantly.

The results show a considerable remaining uncertainty of transmissivity values, due to lack of data and heterogeneous spatial data distribution. In part these uncertainties may be significantly reduced by adding well test results and facies parameters for the map interpolation in future work. For underexplored areas this bears a significant risk, but it can also result in much higher flowrates than originally expected, representing an upside in project performance.
Towards a process-based model to predict dune erosion along the Dutch Wadden coast
Authors: Ruessink B.G. , Boers M. , van Geer P.F.C. , de Bakker A.T.M. , Pieterse A. , Grasso F. , de Winter R.C.
Published: July 2016

An equilibrium dune-erosion model is used every six years to assess the capability of the most seaward dune row on the Dutch Wadden islands to withstand a storm with a 1 in 10,000 probability for a given year. The present-day model is the culmination of numerous laboratory experiments with an initial cross-shore profile based on the central Netherlands coast. Large parts of the dune coast of the Wadden islands have substantially different dune and cross-shore profile characteristics than found along this central coast, related to the presence of tidal channels, ebb-tidal deltas, beach-plains and strong coastal curvature. This complicated coastal setting implies that the predictions of the dune-erosion model are sometimes doubtful; accordingly, a shift towards a process-based dune-erosion model has been proposed. A number of research findings based on recent laboratory and field studies highlight only few of the many challenges that need to be faced in order to develop and test such a model. Observations of turbulence beneath breaking waves indicate the need to include breaking-wave effects in sand transport equations, while current knowledge of infragravity waves, one of the main sand transporting mechanisms during severe storm conditions, is strongly challenged by laboratory and field observations on gently sloping beaches that are so typical of the Wadden islands. We argue that in-situ and remote-sensing field observations, laboratory experiments and numerical models need to be the pillars of Earth Scientific research in the Wadden Sea area to construct a meaningful process-based dune-erosion tool.
Stratigraphy of the upper Vijlen Member (Gulpen Formation; Maastrichtian) in northeast Belgium, the southeast Netherlands and the Aachen area (Germany), with special reference to belemnitellid cephalopods
Authors: Keutgen N. , Jagt J.W.M. , Felder P.J. , Jagt-Yazykova E.A.
Published: July 2016

Recent studies have demonstrated the complex depositional history of the Vijlen Member (Gulpen Formation) in the Maastricht-Aachen-Liège area, on which synsedimentary tectonics had a profound impact, in conjunction with regressive and transgressive episodes, the oldest portion of this member being preserved only locally, within channel-like structures. Our reinterpretation of the Vijlen Member, here presented, is at variance with current belemnite stratigraphy. To account for incongruities, reworking of belemnites is here proposed as a typical feature during Vijlen Member deposition. A renewed study of belemnites on the basis of these new data suggests that intervals 4–6 of the Vijlen Member are of late Maastrichtian age. With respect to the mean values of populations ofBelemnitella juniorNowak andBelemnitella IwowensisNaidin, Vijlen Member intervals 4–5 are coeval with theSpyridoceramus tegulatus/Belemnitella juniorZone (sensu germanico), whereas at least the upper portion of interval 6 is correlatable with the basalTenuipteria argentea/Belemnitella juniorZone (sensu germanico). Although reworking of belemnites appears to have been a common feature, this cannot be properly substantiated without additional geochemical analyses of individual guards. For this reason, we refrain from proposing a biostratigraphic zonation of the Vijlen Member based on belemnites. Alternatively, scaphitid ammonites might be used to subdivide this member, because species such asAcanthoscaphites(Acanthoscaphites)tridens(Kner),A.(Euroscaphites)varians blaszkiewicziJagt, Kennedy & Machalski,Hoploscaphites constrictus(J. Sowerby),H. tenuistriatus(Kner) andHoploscaphitessp. have been recorded. The last-named taxon represents an interspecies hybrid between the North AmericanJeletzkytes dorfiLandman & Waage and an unidentified subspecies of the endemic European lineage ofH. constrictus, allowing correlation of the lower portion of Vijlen Member interval 6 with theHoploscaphites birkelundaeZone of the United States Western Interior.
The youngest Maastrichtian ‘true’ inoceramids from the Vijlen Member (Gulpen Formation) in northeast Belgium and the Aachen area (Germany)
Authors: Walaszczyk I. , Jagt J.W.M. , Keutgen N.
Published: July 2016

The youngest representatives of ‘true’ (= non-tegulated) inoceramid bivalves (Inoceramidae) are described from intervals 3-6 of the Vijlen Member (Gulpen Formation), of late early and early late Maastrichtian age, as exposed at quarries and temporary sections in northeast Belgium (CPL SA-Haccourt and CBR-Lixhe quarries) and the Aachen area (Germany), i.e. the extended type area of the Maastrichtian Stage. In total, twelve taxa are recognised from levels which are correlative with the Calcaire àBaculitesof Manche (France), as well as with the Tercis les Bains section in southwest France, the Wisła (Vistula) River sections (central Poland) and the Western Interior of the United States. Associated cephalopods allow a detailed correlation between biozones based on those groups and on inoceramid bivalves.
Geo(Im)pulse An unexpected fossil crinoid from the ‘Kor en Bot’ trawling trips on the Oosterschelde (Zeeland, the Netherlands)
Authors: Jagt J.W.M. , Reumer J.W.F.
Published: July 2016

During the 2007 ‘Kor en Bot’ collecting trip across the Oosterschelde (province of Zeeland, southwest Netherlands), on board trawler cutter ZZ10, a stem fragment of a fossil isocrinid was recognised amongst the contents of the nets pulled on deck. This specimen is here interpreted to be of Early Jurassic age and assignable to the genus Isocrinus. However, because only internodals are preserved in this pluricolumnal, specific identification cannot be but approximate (Isocrinus (Chladocrinus) cf. tuberculatus). In the absence of any outcrop of Jurassic deposits in Zeeland and adjacent Dutch and Belgian territory, the most likely explanation is that this crinoid represents erratic material transported by precursors of the present-day River Maas (Meuse). Between the Langres Plateau and Sedan (northeast France), this river cuts through several occurrences of Lower Jurassic strata from which the present isocrinid might have originated. A less likely explanation is that it stems from boulders used for coastal reinforcement or from a Roman limestone votive altarpiece put up at the temple complex for the goddess Nehalennia, formerly present at Colijnsplaat, near Domburg (Noord-Beveland, Zeeland). Transportation from either northwest France or the southern or eastern United Kingdom, where there are coastal exposures of Jurassic strata, via the North Sea, is another option which, however, is also considered less feasible in view of the good state of preservation of the crinoid.
From river valley to estuary: the evolution of the Rhine mouth in the early to middle Holocene (western Netherlands, Rhine-Meuse delta)
Authors: Hijma M.P. , Cohen K.M. , Hoffmann G. , Van der Spek A.J.F. , Stouthamer E.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the evolution of the early to middle Holocene Rhine-Meuse river mouths in the western Netherlands and to understand the observed spatial and temporal changes in facies. This is achieved by constructing three delta wide cross-sections using a newly accumulated database with thousands of core descriptions and cone penetration test results, together with a large set of pollen/diatom analyses and OSL/14C-dates. Most of the studied deposits accumulated in the fluvial-to-marine transition zone, a highly complex area due to the interaction of terrestrial and marine processes. Understanding how the facies change within this zone, is necessary to make correct palaeogeographic interpretations.

We find a well preserved early to middle Holocene coastal prism resting on lowstand valley floors. Aggradation started after 9 ka cal BP as a result of rapid sea-level rise. Around 8 ka most parts of the study area were permanently flooded and under tidal influence. After 8 ka a bay-head delta was formed near Delft, meaning that little sand could reach the North Sea. Several subsequent avulsions resulted in a shift from the constantly retreating Rhine river mouth to the north. When after 6.5 ka the most northerly river course was formed (Oude Rijn), the central part of the palaeovalley was quickly transgressed and transformed into a large tidal basin. Shortly before 6 ka retrogradation of the coastline halted and tidal inlets began to close, marking the end of the early-middle Holocene transgression.

This paper describes the transition from a fluvial valley to an estuary in unprecedented detail and enables more precise palaeo-reconstructions, evaluation of relative importance of fluvial and coastal processes in rapid transgressed river mouths, and more accurate sediment-budget calculations. The described and well illustrated (changes in) facies are coupled to lithogenetic units. This will aid detailed palaeogeographic interpretations from sedimentary successions, not only in the Netherlands, but also in other estuarine and deltaic regions.
Connecting the Chalk Group of the Campine Basin to the dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of the Campanian to Danian in borehole Meer (northern Belgium)
Authors: Slimani H. , Louwye S. , Dusar M. , Lagrou D.
Published: July 2016

A palynological study of the Chalk Group (Campanian-Danian) in the Meer borehole (northern Belgium), which penetrated the thickest succession known in the Campine Basin, has revealed diverse, well-preserved organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. The succession contains numerous chronostratigraphically significant dinocyst events, which are based mainly on the highest consistent occurrences of index species. At least 35 bio-events have enabled a subdivision into nine intervals, at stage or substage level, within the Campanian to Danian interval, as based on comparison with coeval assemblages elsewhere in northwest Europe, inclusive of stratotypes of stages and stage boundaries. Bio-events allow correlation of the section studied with the CampanianExochosphaeridium? masureae, Areoligera coronataandSamlandia mayizones, the MaastrichtianPervosphaeridium tubuloaculeatum, Deflandrea galeataandHystrichostrogylon coninckiizones, and the DanianDamassadinium californicumZone. In addition, a correlation with other zonal schemes for the southern North Sea Basin and with conventional northwest European belemnite zones is presented. Comparisons with Boreal and Tethyan realms confirm that most bio-events may also be useful for interregional and global correlation. The Campanian-Danian dinocyst biostratigraphy of the Meer borehole is put alongside geophysical well logs and an ecozonation, in order to check the validity of lithostratigraphical correlations across the Campine Basin. This first, detailed correlation attempt shows that sensitivities to facies change associated with differences in accommodation space and sediment supply appear to be at the base of slight, yet consistent, shifts between the local lithological succession and the standard lithostratigraphical scheme of the Maastricht type area.
On the taphonomy of the late Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) marine turtle Allopleuron hofmanni
Authors: Janssen R. , van Baal R.R. , Schulp A.S.
Published: July 2016

An exhaustive screening of public collections containing remains of the latest Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) marine turtle Allopleuron hofmanni (Gray, 1831) from the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium) shows the available material to represent almost exclusively adult individuals. The various skeletal elements are not preserved in proportionally equal abundance, with portions of carapace, pectoral girdle, cranium and mandible overrepresented. These observations can be explained by population characteristics and taphonomic factors. During the late Maastrichtian, while hatchlings and juveniles in all likelihood lived and fed elsewhere, extensive seagrass meadows might have supported a population of only adult marine turtles.