bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper-catalyzed intermolecular oxyamination of olefins using carboxylic acids and O-benzoylhydroxylamines
Authors: Hemric Brett N , Wang Qiu
Published: January 2016

This paper reports a novel approach for the direct and facile synthesis of 1,2-oxyamino moieties via an intermolecular copper-catalyzed oxyamination of olefins. This strategy utilizes O-benzoylhydroxylamines as an electrophilic amine source and carboxylic acids as a nucleophilic oxygen source to achieve a modular difunctionalization of olefins. The reaction proceeded in a regioselective manner with moderate to good yields, exhibiting a broad scope of carboxylic acid, amine, and olefin substrates.
Incorporation of Depth in Two Dimensional Video Captures
Authors: Barthakur Manami , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: January 2016

Stereoscopic vision in cameras is an interesting field of study. This type of vision is important in incorporation of depth in video images which is needed for the ability to measure distances of the object from the camera properly i.e. conversion of two dimensional video image into three dimensional video. In this chapter, some of the basic theoretical aspects of the methods for estimating depth in 2D video and the current state of research have been discussed. These methods are frequently used in the algorithms for estimating depth in the 2D to 3D video techniques. Some of the recent algorithms for incorporation depth in 2D video are also discussed and from the literature review a simple and generic system for incorporation depth in 2D video is presented.
Examining the Roles of Virtual Team and Information Technology in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: January 2016

This chapter aims to examine the roles of virtual team and information technology (IT) in global business, thus describing the theoretical and practical overviews of virtual team and IT; the importance of virtual team in global business; and the importance of IT in global business. The applications of virtual team and IT are necessary for modern organizations that seek to serve suppliers and customers, increase business performance, strengthen competitiveness, and achieve continuous success in global business. Therefore, it is essential for modern organizations to examine their virtual team and IT applications, develop a strategic plan to regularly check their practical advancements, and immediately respond to virtual team and IT needs of customers in modern organizations. The chapter argues that applying virtual team and IT has the potential to increase organizational performance and reach strategic goals in global business.
Electronic Collaboration in Organizations
Authors: Diaz William Dario Avila
Published: January 2016

Electronic collaboration was born with the new technologies, which establish a more harmonious balance of organizations in an increasingly global, open and competitive digital economy, called, nowadays, “the economy of the crowds”. This economy has caused changes in the organizations of the century, as new administrative principles. In this context, organizations use new business models to achieve its objectives to a meager cost. Similarly, they have managed the integration of different levels and optimizing performance of the entire organization together through electronic media and online collaboration. This work shows the areas of the different levels and forms of organizational electronic collaboration.
Virtual Strangers No More
Authors: Esbin Howard Bennett
Published: January 2016

In this chapter we examine how virtual team trust and effectiveness may be improved through the transformative power of serious games and creative process. To start we explore the pervasive lack of emotional intelligence within the workplace at an individual level and which we call ‘the EQ Gap'. This is followed by an examination of challenges faced by both traditional and virtual teams. We then consider how the same EQ Gap also manifests in both traditional and virtual teams as well. Indeed, it's worse for the latter. This leads to a review of the kinds of EQ training needed for both team types. A discussion then follows as to how serious games, play, and creativity can help virtual teams in particular to become more emotionally intelligent, trusting, and ultimately more collaborative. A brief case study of a serious game called Prelude is shared to illustrate these findings in a practical context.
Using Design Patterns to Incorporate Usability in Notifications from MOOCs
Authors: Mendoza-González Ricardo
Published: January 2016

Feedback provided by interactive systems is crucial to ensure a good user experience. In this vein, notifications represent the most common kind of feedback from interactive systems, such as MOOCs. In this scenario, notifications from system to users require a special look from designers since three basic types of interaction/communication converge in MOOCs: User-User; User-Platform (content); User-group. Every kind of interaction may require a specific mode of notifications, nevertheless it is possible to extract the basic types of notifications from MOOCs and then specify them into a pattern-based structure which could be easily incorporated into the systems life cycle. This strategy may contribute both to facilitate designers to create well designed notifications for MOOCs and to enhance user experience through its final application.
Automatic Item Generation for Elementary Logic Quizzes via Markov Logic Networks
Authors: Lauc Davor , Hlača Nina Grgić , Skansi Sandro
Published: January 2016

The aim of this chapter is to present an exam preparation system designed to generate exams for propositional logic. The main challenge was to determine a filter to single out relevant problems. An expert assessment was used to generate initial learning data for Markov Logic Network and then the result was analyzed in terms of evaluation conducted on students. The results point out that there is no significant difference (p-value of 0.2708) between problems prepared by a human examiner and problems generated.
The Role of Destination Attributes in Assessing/Constructing the Image of Tourist Destination
Authors: Ban Olimpia Iuliana
Published: January 2016

This chapter aims to present and discuss the concept of ‘destination image', as shown in the literature to date and also to identify the way in which the image has been formed. The process of image formation is a dynamic one, in which the influence factors have a different importance and they continuously change and complete each other. It intend to analyze the formation and communication of the image, in the new context created by the Internet and social networks. Given the importance of destination attributes in the cognitive process of development/ evaluation of the destination image, it suggests a method for prioritizing these attributes, through fuzzy modeling in order to find the mix of attributes that best matches the expectations of the visitors. This could be a tool used by DMOs in image building, strengthening those attributes of the destination that best meet the wishes of the visitors.
The Application of Monetary Awards in Tourist Organizations
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano E.
Published: January 2016

Over years, management and marketing has been influential and useful to organize the working condition in modern corporations in tourism fields. The classical literature suggests that motivated workers enhance their commitment respecting to the goal of corporation. In this process, the assistance of managers is vital to achieve the success. In doing so, the program of incentive (monetary awards) gives to workers a reason to internalize management decisions. This not only is not truth but also we have found in this case-study opposite evidence. The capital somehow, disorganizes the human relations and harmony in service organizations. Of course, outcomes of this review should not be extrapolated to other unit of analysis; this is valid only for this organization.
Need of Hadoop and Map Reduce for Processing and Managing Big Data
Authors: Narayanapppa Manjunath Thimmasandra , Channabasamma A. , Hegadi Ravindra S.
Published: January 2016

The amount of data around us in three sixty degrees getting increased second on second and the world is exploding as a result the size of the database used in today's enterprises, which is growing at an exponential rate day by day. At the same time, the need to process and analyze the bulky data for business decision making has also increased. Several business and scientific applications generate terabytes of data which have to be processed in efficient manner on daily bases. Data gets collected and stored at unprecedented rates. Moreover the challenge here is not only to store and manage the huge amount of data, but even to analyze and extract meaningful values from it. This has contributed to the problem of big data faced by the industry due to the inability of usual software tools and database systems to manage and process the big data sets within reasonable time limits. The main focus of the chapter is on unstructured data analysis.
Big Data Virtualization and Visualization on Cloud
Authors: Ahmad Farid
Published: January 2016

Data virtualization is the procedure of combining data from different sources of information to develop a solo, logical and virtual view of facts so that it can be accessed by front-end resolutions such as applications, dashboards and portals without having to know the data's exact storingsite. Several organizations ride multiple types of database management systems, such as Oracle and SQL servers, which do not work fine with one another. Therefore, enterprises face new challenges in data integration and storage of huge amounts of data. With data virtualization, commercial handlers are able to get real time and consistent information speedily, which supports them to take foremost corporate decisions. The process of data virtualization involves abstracting, transforming, federating and delivering data from unequal sources. The key objective of data virtualization technology is to deliver a single point of access to the data by aggregating it from a wide range of data sources.
Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma–Associated Semaphorin 4D Induces Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Younis Rania H. , Han Kyu Lee , Webb Tonya J.
Published: January 2016

One of the mechanisms by which malignancies can induce immune suppression is through the production of cytokines that affect the maturation and differentiation of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is a proangiogenic cytokine produced by several malignancies, which has been described in the regulation of the immune system. In the present study, we examined the role of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)–secreted Sema4D on myeloid cell differentiation. CD33+ cells cultured in HNSCC cell line–derived conditioned medium differentiated into myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) (CD33+CD11b+HLA-DR−/low). The addition of anti-Sema4D Ab to HNSCC conditioned medium significantly reduced the expansion of the MDSC population. Similarly, knockdown of Sema4D in an HNSCC cell line resulted in a loss of MDSC function as shown by a decrease in the production of the immune-suppressive cytokines arginase-1, TGF-β, and IL-10 by MDSC, concomitant with recovery of T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production following stimulation of CD3/CD28. Importantly, CD33+ myeloid and T cells cultured in conditioned medium of HNSCC cells in which Sema4D was knocked down promoted antitumor inflammatory profile, through recovery of the effector T cells (CD4+T-bet+ and CD8+T-bet+), as well as a decrease in regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+). We also showed that Sema4D was comparable to GM-CSF in its induction of MDSC. Collectively, this study describes a novel immunosuppressive role for Sema4D in HNSCC through induction of MDSC, and it highlights Sema4D as a therapeutic target for future studies to enhance the antitumorigenic inflammatory response in HNSCC and other epithelial malignancies.
Guías móviles en Realidad Virtual para la interpretación del patrimonio. Un caso práctico: Ruta del Megalitismo de Gorafe
Authors: Arambarri Basáñez Jon , Baeza Santamaría Unai , López Marcos Antonio
Published: January 2016

Although early prehistoric findings belong to Middle Paleolithic (30,000 to 50,000 years ago), it was 6,000 years ago when Gorafe Valley was occupied by tribes characterized by collective burials in tombs made of big blocks, that is, in dolmens (Megalithic culture of Middle Neolithic). Nowadays, Gorafe holds the biggest proportion of dolmens in Europe: 198 spread in the 10 necropolis that surround the village. The city council of Gorafe expresses the need to know and interpret
these dolmens through a mobile device which does not require Internet connection. This way, visitors will be able to enjoy and interpret their Megalithic tour when they visit Sierra Nevada.
Reconstrucción Infográfica del Castellum de Tamuda (Tetuán, Marruecos)
Authors: Bermejo Meléndez Javier , Campos Carrasco Juan Manuel , Delgado Aguilar Salvador , Fernández Sutilo Lucía , Toscano Pérez Clara , Verdugo Santos Javier
Published: January 2016

The last researches developed in the lot of Tamuda's Roman castellum (Tetuan, Morocco), specially centred on the doors of the military installation, have emphasized different phases or constructive episodes in the life of the same one. This way in this work they present diverse restitutions infographics corresponding to the phases documented in the enclosure, centred of a specific way in the doors of access, offering an image of the evolution of the above mentioned military installation throughout almost four centuries, from the moments of the foundation in epoch of Claudio up to the beginnings of Vst. c. A.D.
Reseña. Malú Urriola, "Las estrellas de Chile para ti". Santiago: Editorial Cuarto Propio, 2015
Authors: Sutherland Juan Pablo
Published: January 2016

Reseña de Malú Urriola
El escritor uruguayo y la imaginación. Una tragedia bárbara de Copi en argentino
Authors: Luppi Juan Pablo
Published: January 2016

Escrita en castellano en Francia durante la última dictadura argentina (1976-1983), La sombra de Wenceslao (1978) acciona un dispositivo teatral que propicia la interrogación sobre el funcionamiento de la producción atópica (Barthes) de Copi (Buenos Aires, 1939 - París, 1987) en la tradición literaria argentina, según el estado de la crítica en el fin de siglo. La acción del gaucho uruguayo Wenceslao despliega un sistema de relaciones que desarma los agenciamientos nacionales con lo animal y lo territorial (Foucault, Rancière); territorializado hacia 1910 como arquetipo nacional (Lugones, Rojas), ese sujeto desclasificado de la pre-modernidad argentina vuelve desterritorializado por Copi con una imaginación desplazada del canon, no asimilable a las revisiones principales de aquella territorialización (Martínez Estrada, Borges, Lamborghini). La circulación de voces y cuerpos externos a la norma nacional en La sombra de Wenceslao puede leerse como realización de una utópica poesía gauchesca, absuelta de la patria y del género, contemporánea del derrumbe del Estado bajo la violencia política y económica del último cuarto del siglo.
"Que enloquezcan mis personajes, no yo": Instancias de autoficción en la obra de Andrés Caicedo
Authors: Figueroa Carle José Gabriel
Published: January 2016

En la escritura del colombiano Andrés Caicedo (1951 - 1977), es evidente la intención del autor en (des)articularse y desdoblarse como figura protagónica en sus (no) ficciones. Proponemos una doble lectura autoficcional de dos libros póstumos, Mi cuerpo es una celda (2008) y Calicalabozo (2008), que analice la ficcionalización de su vida en su “autobiografía” y las implicaciones autorreferenciales de su colección de cuentos. Caicedo reconstruye su laberíntica Cali natal como una extensión letrada de sí mismo, plasmando una (o varias) identidad(es) esquizofrénica(s). Su escritura misma queda poblada de espejos hostiles proyectados a través de un lente cinematográfico que documenta y ficcionaliza su entorno personal en una ciudad latinoamericana gótica y enajenante. Se considerará una multiplicidad de definiciones y modalidades de la autoficción como herramienta autoral y como género literario para demostrar cómo Caicedo elabora una leyenda de sí mismo paralela y nutrida de su escritura, un doble discurso tan insidioso e inseparable que supera hasta “la muerte del autor”.
“CityVill": promoviendo un juego colaborativo prosocial no bélico en redes sociales
Authors: Del Moral Pérez Mª Esther , Guzmán Duque Alba Patricia
Published: January 2016

Frente a los criticados videojuegos bélicos, CityVille -alojado en redes sociales- promueve un entretenimiento de carácter constructivo entre jugadores online, propiciando dinámicas de interacción social y participación activa. La encuesta realizada a videojugadores (N=105) refleja que les mueve su afán de divertirse construyendo sus propias ciudades virtuales. Los hombres priman su expansión para alcanzar el máximo nivel, comunicándose con otros para obtener beneficios y ganar, mientras las mujeres valoran más el intercambio de estrategias y la colaboración mutua. Sin duda, este videojuego fomenta la resolución de problemas desde una óptica dialógica alejada de guerras y confrontaciones.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PREVALÊNCIA DA DISPENSAÇÃO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS NA FARMÁCIA PÚBLICA DO MUNICÍPIO DE CRUZ ALTA –RS
Authors: Deuschle Viviane Cecilia Kessler Nunes , Norbert deuschle Regis Augusto , Figueiró Marques Uélisson Cleiton
Published: January 2016

Antibióticos são substâncias que possuem a capacidade de eliminar ou impedir o crescimento bacteriano, e comumente utilizados na terapêutica de infecções. Um dos riscos do seu uso maciço, incrementado pela automedicação, é a resistência bacteriana, a qual pode ser intrínseca ou adquirida. Tendo em vista que o uso indiscriminado de antibióticos é um dos fatores que contribui para o surgimento de resistência, foi realizado um estudo com as prescrições médicas de antimicrobianos dispensados na farmácia pública de Cruz Alta – RS. Verificou-se que mais de 20% das receitas dispensadas continham um antimicrobiano, e que houve um consumo pouco maior entre as mulheres. Amoxicilina (9,47%) foi o mais dispensado dentro dos antibióticos pesquisados, seguida da Cefalexina (6,72%), Sulfametoxazol + Trimetoprima (4,39%), Azitromicina (3,01%) e Ciprofloxacino(2,11%). Os percentuais de dispensação estão abaixo da média verificada em trabalhos similares na literatura, sugerindo não haver prescrição exagerada. Evidencia-se que as farmácias públicas possuem um papel importante no aspecto da prevenção da automedicação e resistência bacteriana, pois nelas só ocorre dispensação mediante a apresentação de receita, sendo igualmente importante ressaltar o papel do profissional farmacêutico como orientador da população quanto ao uso correto dos medicamentos prescritos e esclarecer dos riscos inerentes ao não seguimento dessas orientações.
ESTUDO DA PRESCRIÇÃO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVO FLUOXETINA NO TRATAMENTO PARA A DEPRESSÃO NA CIDADE DE PELOTAS
Authors: Prietsch Rafael Da fonseca
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a prescrição de fluoxetina no tratamento para a depressão na cidade de Pelotas. O presente trabalho foi realizado pela análise documental de receituários de controle especial para a substância fluoxetina, pertencente à lista das outras substâncias sujeitas a controle especial da portaria 344/98, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária Anvisa, pertencentes da lista C1, a qual fica retida nas farmácias ou drogarias para futuro controle da Vigilância Sanitária. Os seguintes dados foram coletados: sexo do paciente, medicamento prescrito e especialidade médica do prescritor. Os resultados encontrados foram contabilizados e submetidos a uma análise quantitativa. Foram analisadas 300 prescrições. Através da análise dos resultados encontrados e da literatura pode-se verificar que as mulheres, mais uma vez, receberam mais prescrições de medicamentos antidepressivos quando comparadas aos homens.
Decisions in Search of a Doctrine: Marriage Equality in the Lower Federal Courts
Authors: Mezey Susan Gluck
Published: January 2016

When gay rights advocates asserted demands for equality in the courts, they found that the likelihood of a favorable outcome was tied to the standard of judicial review—known as the level of scrutiny—the courts applied to the law. “Scrutiny”is a shorthand term that describes the extent to which courts defer to majoritarian decision makers, primarily legislative bodies. The courts’ determination of the appropriate level of scrutiny—crucial to the outcome of the case—depends on the class of people challenging the law, with the courts assigning a higher level of scrutiny to laws affecting groups with insufficient clout to prevent legislation that infringes on their rights. Despite the importance of scrutiny in equal rights jurisprudence, the Supreme Court’s ruling in United States v. Windsor, invalidating the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), did not establish the proper level of scrutiny for laws restricting same-sex marriage. Although the lower courts overwhelmingly struck state bans on same-sex marriage in the cases following Windsor, they did so without guidance from the Supreme Court on the matter of scrutiny. This study presents key district court rulings in the post-Windsor litigation, showing that the Supreme Court’s failure to articulate its position on scrutiny provided opportunities for the lower courts to provide their own interpretation of the doctrine. Using the traditional standards for determining the level of scrutiny to apply, most concluded that it was appropriate to apply heightened scrutiny to claims based on sexual orientation. Thus, in addition to its implications for the future of marriage equality, the study also raises broader questions about the continued viability of this decades-old doctrine and the resolution of this doctrinal uncertainty.
The D.C. School Hearings of 1956 and the National Vision of Massive Resistance
Authors: Ward Jason Morgan
Published: January 2016

In September 1956, southern congressmen launched a hostile investigation of the District of Columbia’s recently desegregated public school system. Organized by segregationists on the House District of Columbia Committee, the school hearings and subsequent report represented a provocative attempt to stymie racial reform in the nation’s capital and beyond. By discrediting school desegregation in Washington, Deep South diehards hoped to legitimize their cause and expose white resistance north of the Mason-Dixon Line. By taking the fight to a metropolitan setting, segregationists pushed against the limits of Deep South racial politics and discovered white allies in the nation’s capital. As civil rights advocates and school officials struggled to debunk the propaganda attack, segregationists invoked Washington as a “showcase” for the folly of integration. Years before the nation’s attention drifted from southern civil rights struggles to northern racial turmoil, segregationists had anticipated and encouraged this shift by stressing common cause with the embattled whites of the metropolitan North. While their vision of a national segregationist movement never materialized, the controversy over segregation in the nation’s capital complicated notions of race and region in the civil rights era.
Oil-Water Adsorptive Properties of Chemically Treated Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Djati Utomo Handojo , Ru Yi Phoon , Zhonghuan Shen , Li Hui Ng , Zheng Bang Lim
Published: January 2016

Among the contaminants plaguing our waters today, oil remains one of the most pervasive and challenging contaminant to remove. Oil pollution occurs not only through factory discharge, but also by accident spills from the fuel of the vehicle or the transportation of oil. Sugarcane bagasse (SB) is an abundant agricultural by-product containing almost half of cellulose and one quarter of lignin. After chemical treatments SB can be modified their hydrophobicity leading to improve its oil adsorptive properties. In a column experiment containing 1 g of SB, oil was able to be adsorbed from oil and water mixture by, from the highest to the lowest uptake, AASB, ASSB, NSB, SSB and BSB with the average oil adsorption capacity of 13.0 mL/g, 11.25 mL/g, 10.50 mL/g, 9.0 mL/g and 8.75 mL/g respectively. The results were concurrently meeting the result of material characterisation using FTIR, where acetic acid treated SB (AASB) consists of high lignin leading to high hydrophobicity. On the other hand, BSB showed the lowest oil adsorption capacity and more hydrophilic due to the lowest amount of lignin present in SB. The result showed a potential use of natural material of SBs with high lignin content to tackle oil spill in water environment.
Remediation of Fluoride Laden Water by Complexation with Triethylamine Modified Maize Tassels
Authors: Kamathi Mwangi Charles , W. Mwangi Isaac , N. Wanjau Ruth , Swaleh Sauda , Ram Manohar , Ngila J.C.
Published: January 2016

Several methods for the removal of fluorides in water have been proposed, most of which rely on the use of biomaterials and bone char. In such processes, the adsorbent become loaded with the pre-concentrated pollutant leading to a disposal problem. This study reports on the modification of the maize tassels with triethylamine followed by its subsequent application on the removal of fluoride ions from water. The theory underlying the removal method is based on the interaction of the permanently charged quaternized material with the highly electronegative fluoride ion. This is a regeneratable, affordable, eco-friendly, solution to the problem of secondary pollution and sustainable water remediation method of this toxic water pollutant. The resulting biomaterial derived from agricultural waste was used in the removal experiments on both model solutions and real water samples. The effect of pH, contact time, initial fluoride concentration and biomaterial resin dosage were investigated. It was observed that the amount complexed fluoride ions per unit mass of biomaterial increased with increase in concentration up to a point of saturation. The optimum removal pH was found to be 4.0. The biomaterial was very effective in fluoride removal as 86% of the fluoride was removed within the first 20 min. However, the uptake of fluoride ions in real water samples was found to be slightly lower compared to the model solutions. The experimental data was analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It fitted best in the Langmuir isotherm implying a chemisorption process. The adsorption capacity was found to be 0.19 mg/g and it was also observed that the sorbent when packed in a SPE column could be regenerated by stripping the attached fluoride ions with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution. These findings show that the modified material is suitable for application in the removal of fluorides in water at a point of use. This is intended to offer a solution to the drinking water for the children born by the population living in areas that are naturally fluoridated. Such parents are mean with their smile due to the problem of their permanently brown stained teeth.
Capital social como ferramenta para desenvolvimento turístico: uma discussão conceitual
Authors: Calasans Laura Almeida , Alves Wlademyr Menezes
Published: January 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão conceitual acerca da abordagem do capital social como contribuição para o desenvolvimento da atividade turística local, de forma a compreender seu significado, sua base de construção sob a visão de vários autores, assim como a importância do capital social para o desenvolvimento do turismo uma determinada localidade. O capital social é concebido através das relações sociais, com valores baseados em confiança, cooperação, compromisso e uma participação política mais efetiva que podem ser importantes ferramentas no planejamento de ações turísticas do desenvolvimento local. Observa-se no artigo que a crise econômica, através do processo de globalização e da lógica do capitalismo do paradigma atual fez com que a população se mobilizasse para ações coletivas em parceria com poder público e privado, não mais sendo mera espectadora e sim participante do seu próprio desenvolvimento. Neste sentido, a pesquisa se embasou em fontes bibliográficas especializadas sobre a temática, no intento de trazer à reflexão o tema Capital Social e, por conseguinte, direcionar sua ação prática relacionada às áreas do Turismo e do Desenvolvimento Local. É do global que nasce o agir local, estabelecendo laços afetivos, de confiança, entre os atores envolvidos, elementos esses fundamentais para que o turismo alcance ações sustentáveis em seus destinos que permitem construir valores agregados a uma sociedade de princípios e objetivos comuns e mais sustentáveis.
Flexible Temperature Sensor with High Reproducibility and Wireless Closed‐Loop System for Decoupled Multimodal Health Monitoring and Personalized Thermoregulation
Authors: Zhang Xujing , Chen Jiaxiang , Zheng Zhihao , Tang Songsong , Cheng Bin , Zhang Zhiwei , Ma Rui , Chen Zetong , Zhuo Jingting , Cao Lingyun , Chen Zhihong , He Jiangfeng , Wang Xiaofeng , Yang Guowei , Yi Fang
Published: September 2024

Temperature and pulse waves are two fundamental indicators of body health. Specifically, thermoresistive flexible temperature sensors are one of the most applied sensors. However, they suffer from poor reproducibility of resistivity; and decoupling temperature from pressure/strain is still challenging. Besides, autonomous thermoregulation by wearable sensory systems is in high demand, but conventional commercial apparatuses are cumbersome and not suitable for long‐term portable use. Here, a material‐design strategy is developed to overcome the problem of poor reproducibility of resistivity by tuning the thermal expansion coefficient to nearly zero, precluding the detriment caused by shape expansion/shrinkage with temperature variation and achieving high reproducibility. The strategy also obtains more reliable sensitivity and higher stability, and the designed thermoresistive fiber has strain‐insensitive sensing performance and fast response/recovery time. A smart textile woven by the thermoresistive fiber can decouple temperature and pulse without crosstalk; and a flexible wireless closed‐loop system comprising the smart textile, a heating textile, a flexible diminutive control patch, and a smartphone is designed and constructed to monitor health status in real‐time and autonomously regulate body temperature. This work offers a new route to circumvent temperature‐sensitive effects for flexible sensors and new insights for personalized thermoregulation.
High‐Performance AgSbTe2 Thermoelectrics: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Li Lan , Hu Boxuan , Liu Qingyi , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: September 2024

Environmental‐friendless and high‐performance thermoelectrics play a significant role in exploring sustainable clean energy. Among them, AgSbTe2 thermoelectrics, benefiting from the disorder in the cation sublattice and interface scattering from secondary phases of Ag2Te and Sb2Te3, exhibit low thermal conductivity and a maximum figure‐of‐merit ZT of 2.6 at 573 K via optimizing electrical properties and addressing phase transition issues. Therefore, AgSbTe2 shows considerable potential as a promising medium‐temperature thermoelectric material. Additionally, with the increasing demands for device integration and portability in the information age, the research on flexible and wearable AgSbTe2 thermoelectrics aligns with contemporary development needs, leading to a growing number of research findings. This work provides a detailed and timely review of AgSbTe2‐based thermoelectrics from materials to devices. Principles and performance optimization strategies are highlighted for the thermoelectric performance enhancement in AgSbTe2. The current challenges and future research directions of AgSbTe2‐based thermoelectrics are pointed out. This review will guide the development of high‐performance AgSbTe2‐based thermoelectrics for practical applications.
Tailoring the Compositions and Nanostructures of Trimetallic Prussian Blue Analog‐Derived Carbides for Water Oxidation
Authors: Mao Lujiao , Liu Jie , Lin Rong , Xue Jinhang , Yang Yuandong , Xu Shaojie , Li Qipeng , Qian Jinjie
Published: September 2024

The electrochemical splitting of water for hydrogen production faces a major challenge due to its anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), necessitating research on the rational design and facile synthesis of OER catalysts to enhance catalytic activity and stability. This study proposes a ligand‐induced MOF‐on‐MOF approach to fabricate various trimetallic MnFeCo‐based Prussian blue analog (PBA) nanostructures. The addition of [Fe(CN)6]3− transforms them from cuboids with protruding corners (MnFeCoPBA‐I) to core–shell configurations (MnFeCoPBA‐II), and finally to hollow structures (MnFeCoPBA‐III). After pyrolysis at 800 °C, they are converted into corresponding PBA‐derived carbon nanomaterials, featuring uniformly dispersed Mn2Co2C nanoparticles. A comparative analysis demonstrates that the Fe addition enhances catalytic activity, while Mn‐doped materials exhibit excellent stability. Specifically, the optimized MnFeCoNC‐I‐800 demonstrates outstanding OER performance in 1.0 m KOH solution, with an overpotential of 318 mV at 10 mA cm−2, maintaining stability for up to 150 h. Theoretical calculations elucidate synergistic interactions between Fe dopants and the Mn2Co2C matrix, reducing barriers for oxygen intermediates and improving intrinsic OER activity. These findings offer valuable insights into the structure‐morphology relationships of MOF precursors, advancing the development of highly active and stable MOF‐derived OER catalysts for practical applications.
Direct Growth of Wafer‐Scale Self‐Separated GaN on Reusable 2D Material Substrates
Authors: Huang Chang‐Hsun , Wu Chia‐Yi , Chou Yi‐Chia
Published: September 2024

Free‐standing gallium nitride has been prepared using various methods; however, the removal of the original substrate is still challenging with low success rates. In this work, 2‐inch free‐standing GaN films are obtained by direct growth on a fluoro phlogopite mica by hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy. Depending on the van der Waals (vdW) interaction between GaN and mica, the effect of the significant lattice mismatch is effectively reduced; thus, enabling the production of a high‐quality wafer‐scale GaN film on mica. The vdW‐induced cracks at GaN–mica interface are found to be initiated near the interface so that GaN can easily separate from mica during rapid cooling. Owing to the hydrophilic nature of mica, the residual GaN on the mica can be lifted off by following deionized water treatment, and the mica substrate can be repeatedly used to grow free‐standing GaN films. The self‐separated GaN films grown on both pristine and used mica substrates are single crystallinity and strain‐free. Additionally, a fully functional ultraviolet light‐emitting diode is demonstrated to show that the self‐separated GaN films are of device quality. The proposed approach achieves epitaxial growth of wafer‐scale single‐crystalline GaN on 2D materials and provides a new substrate option in the technology of III‐V materials.
In Situ Self‐Polymerization of Thioctic Acid Enabled Interphase Engineering Towards High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Wang Liujian , Yue Ke , Qiao Qiangqiang , Zhao Zihao , Xu Yanyan , Pan Leyi , Liu Yujing , Li Hanying , Zhu Baoku
Published: September 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries possess high theoretical energy density, whereas the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the uncontrollable lithium (Li) dendrites seriously reduce the reversible capacity and cycling lifespan. Constructing an interphase to address the issues in both the cathode and anode simultaneously is significant but still challenging. In this study, a strategy of functionalizing commercial polypropylene (PP) separators is proposed by in situ poly(thioctic acid) (PTA) polymerization. Compared with the conventional separator modifications, the ring‐opening polymerization methodology initiated by heat is more facile and environment‐friendly without changing the nanostructures among the porous separators. On the cathode side, the PTA‐coated separator (PTA‐PP) blocks the shuttle of polysulfides through the electrostatic interaction. On the anode side, the PTA‐coated generates a lithium fluoride (LiF)‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI), identified by cryo‐transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM), to accelerate the Li+ diffusion and inhibit the growth of Li dendrites. Due to the interphases constructed by the PTA‐PP separator, the Li–S cells exhibit excellent long‐term cycling in which the capacity retention rate is more than 76% after 700 cycles at 0.5 C. The in situ elaborate modification strategy may provide insights into the high‐performance separator design to promote the potentially large‐scale applications of Li–S batteries.
Entropy‐Driven Carbon Dioxide Capture: The Role of High Salinity and Hydrophobic Monoethanolamine
Authors: Petrović Aleksa , Lima Rodrigo , Westh Peter , Lee Ji‐Woong
Published: September 2024

Addressing atmospheric CO2 levels during the transition to carbon neutrality requires efficient CO2 capture methods. Aqueous amine scrubbing dominates large‐scale flue gas capture but is hampered by the energy‐intensive regeneration step, sorbent loss, and consequent environmental concerns with volatile amines. Herein, hydrophobic non‐volatile alkylated monoethanolamine (MEA) is introduced as a water‐lean CO2 absorbent in brine. The effects of alkylation of MEA, salinity, and aggregation of absorbents on the improved CO2 capture process are systematically investigated. The CO2 absorption facilitates spontaneous self‐aggregation of hydrophobic absorbents, which increases the entropy of water in high‐ion strength solutions. This effect is controlled by the salinity of aqueous solutions, affording comparative gravimetric CO2 uptake performance to benchmark MEA. It is experimentally verified that the hydrophobicity of alkylated MEAs in saline water is responsible for facile absorption, and also for mild regeneration conditions. Therefore, the entropy‐driven approach minimizes absorbent evaporation, corrosion, and decomposition, thus paving the way to realize energy‐efficient carbon capture.
A prospective longitudinal study assessing the impact of rhinovirus and bacterial infections in acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Narendran Nirushan , Volpe Sophia , Ramadan Ibrahim , Herbert Jacob Ryan , LaFleur Bonnie , Samargandy Shireen , Le Christopher H. , Chang Eugene H.
Published: September 2024

Background

Acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (AECRS) are thought to arise from common viral infections progressing to secondary bacterial infections. However, the pathophysiology of AECRS remains poorly understood due to a lack of prospective longitudinal studies.

Methods

We conducted a one‐year prospective longitudinal study involving chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) adults. At baseline, we assessed subjective symptom scores using a validated upper respiratory infection questionnaire (WURSS), sinonasal outcome testing scores (SNOT‐22), and endoscopic scores (modified Lund‐Kennedy score). Every 2 weeks, we contacted subjects to collect WURSS and SNOT‐22 scores. If WURSS scores were ≥1 and SNOT‐22 scores were ≥ 8.9 compared with baseline, subjects underwent an AECRS assessment. We identified rhinovirus (RV) incidence through viral nasal brushings at each visit and bacterial infection through bacterial swabs if mucus scores were ≥1.

Results

Thiry‐five of 80 CRS subjects reported at least one AECRS episode during the year, predominantly occurring in the fall and winter seasons. RV infections were detected in 8 of 35 cases, bacterial infections in 17 of 35, and co‐occurring infections in 7 of 35. All subjects with AECRS visits exhibited significantly higher endoscopic scores compared with baseline. Subjects with co‐occurring RV and bacterial infections demonstrated higher disease severity compared with those with either RV or bacterial infection, or no infection.

Conclusions

In a one‐year prospective longitudinal study involving CRS adults, we identified significant risk factors for AECRS including seasonality and the presence of RV and bacterial infections. These data suggest a standard definition of AECRS and the need to target RV and bacterial infections if we are to help reduce disease severity.
Comparison of Perfusion Imaging Definitions of the No‐Reflow Phenomenon after Thrombectomy—What Is the Best Perfusion Imaging Definition?
Authors: Mutimer Chloe A. , Mujanovic Adnan , Kaesmacher Johannes , Churilov Leonid , Kleinig Timothy J. , Parsons Mark W. , Mitchell Peter J. , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Ng Felix
Published: September 2024

The no‐reflow phenomenon is a potential contributor to poor outcome despite successful thrombectomy. There are multiple proposed imaging‐based definitions of no‐reflow leading to wide variations in reported prevalence. We investigated the agreement between existing imaging definitions and compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients identified as having no‐reflow.

Methods

We performed an external validation of 4 existing published definitions of no‐reflow in thrombectomy patients with extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale 2c to 3 (eTICI2c‐3) angiographic reperfusion who underwent 24‐hour perfusion imaging from 2 international randomized controlled trials (EXTEND‐IA TNK part‐1 and 2) and a multicenter prospective observational study. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic and Bayesian‐information‐criterion (BIC) analyses were performed with the outcome variable being dependent‐or‐dead at 90‐days (modified Rankin Score [mRS] ≥3).

Results

Of 131 patients analyzed, the prevalence of no‐reflow significantly varied between definitions (0.8–22.1%; p < 0.001). There was poor agreement between definitions (kappa 5/6 comparisons <0.212). Among patients with no‐reflow according to at least 1 definition, there were significant differences between definitions in the intralesional interside differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) (p = 0.006), cerebral blood volume (CBV) (p < 0.001), and mean‐transit‐time (MTT) (p = 0.005). No‐reflow defined by 3 definitions was associated with mRS ≥3 at 90 days. The definition of >15% CBV or CBF asymmetry was the only definition that improved model fit on BIC analysis (ΔBIC = −8.105) and demonstrated an association between no‐reflow and clinical outcome among patients with eTICI3 reperfusion.

Conclusions

Existing imaging definitions of no‐reflow varied significantly in prevalence and post‐treatment perfusion imaging profile, potentially explaining the variable prevalence of no‐reflow reported in literature. The definition of >15% CBV or CBF asymmetry best discriminated for functional outcome at 90 days, including patients with eTICI3 reperfusion. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1104–1114
A Trio of Revelations: Weakly Solvating Modulation in Aqueous Electrolytes for Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Wu Zhenrui , Liu Jian
Published: September 2024

The emerging concept of weakly solvating electrolytes in multivalent ion aqueous batteries has garnered attention due to their enhanced kinetic performance at a low cost. This article aims to dissect the concept of “weakly solvating electrolyte” into three revelations, i. e., ion solvation, hydrogen bonding strength, and ionic interactions. It is revealed that a weakly interacting solvent must satisfy the requirements of having a solvation strength weaker than water molecules, as well as disrupting rather than strengthening hydrogen bonding within them. Moreover, electrolyte chemistry requires balancing multiple factors, and one weakly interacting solvent can exhibit varying effects with different anions of zinc salts. This study offers quantitative descriptors to the concept of weak solvation, particularly for aqueous electrolytes, and provides insights for future electrolyte advancements for multivalent ion batteries.
Caught between two worlds: Social identity change among second‐generation Afghan immigrants in Iran
Authors: Keshavarzi Saeed , Jetten Jolanda , Ruhani Ali , Fuladi Khadije , Cakal Huseyin
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the identity processes among second‐generation Afghans living in Iran and evaluates the relevance of the social identity model of social change (SIMIC) to understand their unique experiences. We conducted 23 in‐depth interviews and analysed the data using grounded theory method. The findings show that Afghan youths' efforts towards integration often fail due to unfavourable responses from the host society, compounded by the perceived discriminatory environment. In addition, in line with SIMIC, the results show that participants lacks socio‐psychological resources linked to previous group membership and this leads to poorer mental health. Finally, we explore the engagement in de‐labelling, the formation of purposeful social bonds, and the development of a cosmopolitan identity among our participants as the main identity‐oriented mechanisms to navigate the challenges of being rejected by both one's and the host community.
Nitration of Benzene to Nitrobenzene Using NO2 as Nitro Source Under Mild and Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Wenzhi , Yu Pinhua , Zhang Yakang , Shen Yuanxi , Fu Chun , Li Haitao , Geng Jiao , Han Weihua , Hu Xingbang
Published: September 2024

In this work, a green and efficient method has been developed to catalyze the nitration of benzene to nitrobenzene in NO2‐O2 system by using acidic ion exchange resin as catalyst under mild (0 °C and atmospheric pressure) and solvent‐free conditions. Based on experimental screening, commercial acid ion exchange resin Amberlite FPC3500 was identified as the optimal catalyst. Under the optimized reaction conditions, 99.9 % conversion of benzene was obtained with 99.1 % selectivity of nitrobenzene. Furthermore, the catalyst is easily reusable. The results demonstrate a greener route for the production of nitrobenzene.
Formation to Transportation: En‐Route Fission‐Facilitated Formation of Spheres in a Phosphorus‐Based Porous Organic Polymer for Transportation of Iodine
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Maji Biplab
Published: September 2024

Despite its potential as a clean power source to meet rising electricity demands, nuclear energy generates radioactive waste, including isotopes of iodine, that pose significant environmental and health risks. There is a growing demand to capture radioactive iodine and repurpose it effectively. However, achieving this dual functionality with a single material remains a significant challenge. This study explores phosphorus‐based porous organic polymers (P‐POPs) as probes for these dual functionalities. By employing 4‐formyl(triphenyl)phosphine (BB1) and phenyl‐1,4‐diacetonitrile (BB2) under the Knoevenagel polycondensation method, P‐POPs (PKPOPs) have been synthesized that exhibit a smooth spherical morphology, which efficiently capture and release iodine under ambient conditions, facilitating efficient transportation of molecular iodine. This novel approach aims to potentially transform nuclear waste into valuable organic feedstock via an iodination reaction. The innovative application of PKPOP has also been demonstrated for iodination reactions using ball mills and under continuous flow conditions, showcasing its potential for safer waste management and utilization.