bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zygmunt Kramsztyk, MD and his idea of innovative hospitals
Authors: Polak Agnieszka , Pawlikowska-Łagód Katarzyna , Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: July 2023

Background Problem of education of Jewish doctors in Poland under Russian occupation of the 19th c. ObjectivePresentation of doctor Zygmunt Kramsztyk (1849- 1920) a Jewish ophthalmologist – who created an innovative system of hospitals based on the most modern trends in Europe and tried to introduce it in Warsaw between 1894-1902. Methods The article is based on information found in medical journals published in the 19th and 20th c, articles written by Z. Kramsztyk, the book of archives, inventory of the Jewish hospital of Warsaw and the history of Jews and their education in Poland. Results Zygmunt Kramsztyk tried to introduce advances in the European system of hospital building , their management and overall in the medical sciences of those days, especially in bacteriology, however, was unable to implement his ideas due to political restrictions of the Russian occupants. He tried to provide access to health care for all social classes. Apart from treating patients he propagated sanitary education of the public. In his own journal “Criticism in Medicine” [“Krytyka Lekarska”] he presented articles on legal and ethical aspects of medicine, methodology of writing scientific papers, the use of new medical equipment, doctor-patient relationship, philosophy of medicine and precision in medical terminology. Conclusion His ideas were not fully implemented because of the political situation, however were appreciated later when liberated Poland tried to introduce a new health care system in 1928.
Stanisław Altenberger (1906-1963) – autor dobrego Podręcznika okulistyki
Authors: Pawlikowska-Łagód Katarzyna , Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: July 2023

Celem pracy jest przybliżenie sylwetki i dorobku naukowego Stanisława Altenbergera (1906-1963). Był profesorem okulistyki, uczniem prof. Melanowskiego, kierownikiem Kliniki Okulistycznej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Antoni Sławikowski (1796-1870) – pierwszy kierownik Katedry Okulistyki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Pactwa Witold
Published: July 2023

Artykuł przedstawia biografię oraz dorobek naukowy polskiego okulisty Antoniego Sławikowskiego (1796- 1870). W 1819 uzyskał dyplom doktora medycyny na Uniwersytecie w Wiedniu. Był profesorem nadzwyczajnym w Instytucie Medyczno-Chirurgicznym we Lwowie oraz profesorem zwyczajnym na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim od 1851 roku. Należał do Towarzystwa Naukowego Krakowskiego i wyodrębnionego z niego w roku 1866 Towarzystwa Lekarskiego Krakowskiego. Był również członkiem korespondentem Towarzystw Lekarskich w Warszawie i Wiedniu oraz członkiem honorowym Towarzystwa Warszawskiego Przyjaciół Nauk i Towarzystwa Gospodarskiego we Lwowie. Był współzałożycielem Instytutu Głuchoniemych i Ociemniałych we Lwowie. W 1831 roku został odznaczony austriackim Złotym Krzyżem z Koroną za zasługi obywatelskie podczas epidemii.
Impact of human wound exudate on the bactericidal efficacy of commercial antiseptic products
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Herberger Katharina , Wille Andreas , Twarock Sören
Published: July 2023

Objective:

By default, the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptics used in wound management is tested in vitro under standardised conditions according to European standard DIN EN 13727, with albumin and sheep erythrocytes used as organic challenge. However, it is not clear whether these testing conditions adequately reflect the wound bed environment and its interaction with antiseptic products intended to be used in wounds in humans.

Method:

This study compared the efficacy of different commercial antiseptic products based on octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and povidone-iodine under challenge with human wound exudate collected from the hard-to-heal wounds of patients, compared to the standardised organic load, in an in vitro setting according to DIN EN 13727.

Results:

The bactericidal efficacy of the tested products was reduced to a different extent when challenged with human wound exudate, compared to the standardised conditions. Overall, OCT-based products showed the necessary germ count reductions at the shortest exposure times (e.g., 15 seconds for Octenisept (Schülke & Mayr GmbH, Germany)). PHMB-based products were the least efficient. In addition to the protein content, other components of wound exudate, such as the microbiota, seem to influence the efficacy of antiseptics.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that the standardised in vitro test conditions may only partially reflect actual wound bed conditions in humans.
Reducing lower extremity hospital-acquired pressure injuries: a multidisciplinary clinical team approach
Authors: Pinhasov Tamir , Isaacs Shelby , Donis-Garcia Miriam , Oropallo Alisha , Brennan Mary , Rao Amit , Landis Gregg , Agrell-Kann Marie , Li Timmy
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Optimal methods of reducing incidence of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) remain to be determined. We assessed changes in yearly incidence of lower extremity HAPIs before and after an intervention aimed at reducing these wounds.

Method:

In 2012, we implemented a three-pronged intervention to reduce the incidence of HAPIs. The intervention included: a multidisciplinary surgical team; enhanced nursing education; and improved quality data reporting. Yearly incidence of lower extremity HAPIs was tracked.

Results:

Pre-intervention, incidence of HAPIs was 0.746%, 0.751% and 0.742% in 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Post-intervention, incidence of HAPIs was 0.002%, 0.051%, 0.038%, 0.000% and 0.006% in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Mean incidence of HAPIs was reduced from 0.746% before the intervention to 0.022% after the intervention (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

An intervention by a multidisciplinary surgical team enhanced nursing education, and improved quality data reporting reduced the incidence of lower extremity HAPIs.
The impact of healthcare assistant education on pressure ulcer prevention: a systematic review
Authors: O'Brien Noreen , Moore Zena , Avsar Pinar , Patton Declan , Nugent Linda , O'Connor Tom
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To investigate the impact of education for healthcare assistants (HCAs) on their knowledge and skills in pressure ulcer (PU) prevention and on the incidence of PUs. A secondary aim was to evaluate education methodologies used in PU prevention programmes.

Method:

Using systematic review methodology, key databases were searched with no limitations on date of publication. The search was conducted in November 2021 using the following databases: CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cochrane Wounds Group Specialist Register and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Inclusion criteria focused on studies that employed the use of education as an intervention, delivered to HCAs in any setting. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Evidence-Based Librarianship (EBL) appraisal checklist. Data were analysed using narrative analysis and meta-analysis.

Results:

The systematic search yielded an initial 449 records, of which 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Outcome measures of HCA knowledge scores were reported in 11 (79%) studies. Outcome measures related to PU prevalence/incidence were reported in 11 (79%) studies. An increase in knowledge scores of HCAs post-educational intervention was reported in five (38%) studies. A significant reduction in PU prevalence/incidence rates post-educational intervention was reported in nine (64%) studies.

Conclusion:

This systematic review affirms the benefits of education of HCAs on their knowledge and skills of PU prevention, and on PU incidence. The results must be treated with caution due to quality appraisal issues of included studies.
Breakthrough in Motor Design
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

Better recycling, lower costs
Rapid Charging Network Project
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

£1.6bn programme will enable the mass adoption of electric vehicles
Hydrogen-Powered Train Tested
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: July 2023

Move is response to government call to eliminate diesel
Spectrometer Can Fit Inside a Drone or Plane
Authors: Nathan Stuart
Published: July 2023

Infrared device uses the optical properties of silicon
Roughneck Robots
Authors: Wade Andrew
Published: July 2023

The offshore industry faces a future where completely unmanned platforms are operated, inspected and maintained by teams of autonomous robots.
Hospital Pilot for AI Analysis of Foetal Scans
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

Instant review will mean sonographers capture the correct images
BA Leads in Flight Broadband Race
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

Airline will be first to offer high-speed internet to its passengers
Effect of Mechanical Solids Separators on Potential Reduction of Methane Emissions From Dairy Manure Storage
Authors: Edalati Abdolhossein , Chen Yike , Barzee Tyler John , El-Mashad Hamed M. , Zhang Ruihong
Published: July 2023

Highlights

Four mechanical manure separators were evaluated in on-farm studies.

Mass balances and biochemical methane potential tests were conducted to measure on-farm separation efficiencies.

Separator performance depended on environmental, material, and design factors.

Over 70% solids separation and methane emission reduction potentials were achieved.

Abstract. The separation efficiencies of four mechanical solid-liquid separation technologies and their effect on the reduction of methane production potential from dairy lagoons were studied using on-farm separator measurements and laboratory biomethane potential tests. The studied technologies included 1-stage sloped dual-screen, 2-stage sloped dual-screen, 1-stage horizontal scraped screen, and 1-stage sloped single-screen separators. The technologies were evaluated across various seasons on four dairies in California. On-farm sampling and measurements of the influent of flushed manure and the mass of the solids separated, as well as in-laboratory measurements of methane (CH4) production potential, were carried out. A mass balance approach was employed to determine the removal efficiencies of total and volatile solids (TS and VS) and nutrients, as well as methane emission reduction potential. The performance of the separators depended on manure characteristics, system design (e.g., screen size and orientation), separator operation and management (e.g., manure flow rate), and manure processing pit type and configuration. Among the four studied separator systems, the 2-stage sloped dual-screen separator showed the highest average TS and VS removal efficiencies, and methane emission potential reduction of 52.5%, 59.7%, and 55.8%, respectively. The 1-stage horizontal scraped screen separator had the lowest TS and VS removal efficiencies, and methane emission reduction potential of 6.3%, 9.3%, and 4.9%, respectively. The results have potential implications for nutrient and greenhouse gas management strategies and/or policies in agriculture. Keywords: Greenhouse gas, Lagoon, Manure management, Separation efficiency, Settling basin, Solid-liquid separation, Sustainable agriculture.
Unusual Association of KBG Syndrome with Scheuermann’s Disease
Authors: Murthy Sanjay N. , Srinivasan Jaganaathan , Honeyman Cheryl , Sakhrekar Rajendra , Bishnoi Amit , Srinivasan Sriram H.
Published: July 2023

In this paper we discuss a novel case in which a patient had a comorbid diagnosis of KBG syndrome and Scheuermann’s disease. The patient was a 14-year-old boy, referred to orthopaedics for assessment of his spinal deformity. Initial assessment revealed that he had a rib prominence on his right side, which was corrected upon bending forward. SLR examination indicated significantly tight hamstrings. Plantars were upturning, but other reflexes were normal. He had kyphosis measuring up to 59.4 degrees. MRI of the spine depicted features of classic Scheuermann’s disease, from D6-D10. The patient was given conservative treatment consisting of physical therapy and postural training. He remained asymptomatic during the course of a 5-year follow-up period. This case is unique due to the comorbidity of Scheuermann’s disease and KBG syndrome, which has never been reported in the literature. This case report suggests that routine spinal screening in cases of KBG syndrome would contribute to a better understanding of treatment and diagnosis. Keywords: KBG syndrome, Scheuermann’s disease
Efficiency of Spinal Anaesthesia Versus General Anaesthesia for Single Level Lumbar Micro-Discectomy Prospective Analysis of 50 Patients: An Observational Study
Authors: Tripathi Ashutosh.C. , Chikhale Chaitanya , Pundkar Ganesh N. , Baitule Rajendra.W. , Rathod Yogesh , Jaiswal Sanjeev
Published: July 2023

Background: In most of the institutes Lumbar Microdiscectomy surgery is done under General Anaesthesia. However, it is not uncommon to do these surgeries under Spinal Anaesthesia Aims and objectives: To compare the analgesic effectiveness in postoperative pain, cost-effectiveness and complications of spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia who underwent single Level Lumbar Microdiscectomy under General Anaesthesia vs who were administered Spinal anaesthesia for the same Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients undergoing lumbar micro-discectomy in the department of orthopaedics of a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India. The study duration was two years [January 2020 to December 2020]. The patients older than 18 years who were not responding to 6 weeks of conservative therapy, epidural steroid injection, physiotherapy, and having low back pain with radiculopathy with claudication with or without neurological deficit were included in the study. We included 25 cases each in the spinal anaesthesia (SA) and general anaesthesia (GA) group. Outcome variables like peri-operative complications (blood loss, urinary retention, PONV), surgery length, length of stay (LOS), time from entering OT to incision, time from bandaging to exit time, and time of stay in the recovery room were studied among both the groups. Chi-square or fishers exact test to test the difference between proportions and student t-test to test between the means were statistical tests used. Results: The VAS score reduction immediately post-operative among GA group was 79% and SA group was 75% and this difference was not significant. (p>0.05)The time from post anaesthesia care unit from operation theatre [GA Vs. SA; 60.44 minutes Vs. 20.45 minutes] , time of surgery (time to enter in OT to incision) [GA Vs. SA; 30.22 minutes Vs. 15.55 minutes], time from bandaging to exit from OT[GA Vs. SA; 16.34 minutes Vs. 6.12 minutes] and average hospital stay[GA Vs. SA; 3.05 days Vs. 1.61 days] were significantly higher among GA group when compared to SA group. (p<0.05) The average cost of procedure among GA group was 26500 INR and among SA group was 18500 INR. (p<0.05) Conclusions: In terms of VAS pain score reduction, SA was comparable with GA. Our study showed that SA was superior to GA in terms of time consumption, cost, and hospital stay while maintaining better perioperative hemodynamic stability without increasing adverse side effects. Keywords: Lumbar micro-discectomy, Spinal Anaesthesia, General Anaesthesia, Cost-effectiveness
Women ‘out of order’: inappropriate anger and gender bias in the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Oredsson Astrid Fly
Published: July 2023

I argue that the inappropriate anger criterion for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is likely to contribute to gender bias in the diagnostic process. In its current form, the inappropriate anger criterion is vaguely formulated, providing close to no guidance on to how to distinguish inappropriate from appropriate anger. Further, recent work in moral psychology highlights that the inappropriate anger criterion can be understood and applied in wide range of ways, none of which are required nor excluded by criterion. Moreover, research on public administration and management gives us reason to suspect that the criterion’s ambiguity coupled with the working conditions characteristic of healthcare settings is likely to increase the risk that clinicians will rely on stereotypes in their assessments of the appropriateness of anger. Specifically, various empirical studies point to the existence and widespread influence of gender stereotypes whereby anger is associated with men. Women who display anger are seen as underconforming to prescribed gender roles and, therefore, abnormal. Thus, we have good reason to think that women’s anger will more often be thought inappropriate than men’s, in general and in psychiatry.
Cassini composite infrared spectrometer: correcting an offset error and refining the pointing parameters for the midinfrared detectors
Authors: Pearl John C. , Nixon Conor A. , Jennings Donald E. , Aslam Shahid , Calcutt Simon , Kaelberer Monte S. , Gorius Nicolas , Achterberg Richard K. , Romani Paul N. , Bjoraker Gordon L. , Flasar Michael
Published: July 2023

Based on preflight laboratory testing, an unexpectedly large positional
offset between the two midinfrared (mid-IR) detector arrays in the
Cassini composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) instrument has been
noted in the literature. A much smaller offset was measured in-flight.
We investigate this discrepancy by estimating several spatial
relationships among the detectors and comparing these results with
three independent data sets. This enables us to infer the probable
cause of this offset and to derive a new reduced value. We comment on
the effect that this change could have on previously published results
involving CIRS data. We also present a graphical display of the arrays
projected on the sky as CIRS would see it.
High-performance phase measuring profilometry architecture based on Zynq SoC
Authors: Fan Fei , Kang Jiehu , Feng Luyuan , Zhang Zhen , Yuan Leiwen , Wu Bin
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a novel high-performance heterogeneous computation architecture, to the best of our knowledge, for stereo structure light using the phase measuring profilometry (PMP) algorithm based on a Zynq UltraScale+ system on chip (SoC). The proposed architecture aims to achieve real-time and high-accuracy 3D shape measurement. The experiment results indicate that the calculation time of a standard four-step PMP algorithm with a resolution of 1280×1024 is 14.11 ms. It is nearly 51 times faster than the well-optimized software implementation running on a Raspberry Pi and nearly three times faster than a high-end PC, with 15 times less power consumption. Consequently, the proposed architecture is deemed suitable for real-time 3D measurements in embedded applications.
Ultrafast laser fabrication of efficient polarization-insensitive demultiplexer circuit in YAG crystal
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Li Yuanbo , Yang Quanxin , Ren Yingying
Published: July 2023

Wavelength division multiplexing is a widely used monolithic device with modulating light sources at different wavelengths based on a designed configuration. In this paper, we report an in-chip demultiplexer with a simple design operating at 532/1064 nm in pure YAG crystal. The device is fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing inside the transparent substrate with just a width of 36 µm. The compact structure is designed based on the principle of self-imaging, and the propagation features have been simulated by utilizing the beam propagation method. The performance of this wavelength demultiplexer has been investigated through an end-face coupling system, which proves the device can separate 532 nm and 1064 nm light into two discrete waveguides polarization-insensitively with an extinction ratio as high as 13 dB. These superior performances manifest this exquisite device can emerge into kinds of photonic applications in the future. Also, this work further proves that femtosecond laser direct writing technology has irreplaceable advantages in processing micro-nano devices in transparent materials for in-chip integration.
Opto-microfluidic coupling between optical waveguides and tilted microchannels in lithium niobate
Authors: Zamboni Riccardo , Gauthier-Manuel Ludovic , Zaltron Annamaria , Lucchetti Liana , Chauvet Mathieu , Sada Cinzia
Published: July 2023

This work presents a reconfigurable opto-microfluidic coupling between optical waveguides and tilted microfluidic channels in monolithic lithium niobate crystal. The light path connecting two waveguide arrays located on opposite sides of a microfluidic channel depends on the refractive index between the liquid phase and the hosting crystal. As a result, the optical properties of the flowing fluid, which is pumped into the microfluidic channel on demand, can be exploited to control the light pathways inside the optofluidic device. Proof-of-concept applications are herein presented, including microfluidic optical waveguide switching, optical refractive index sensing, and wavelength demultiplexing.
Observing multiple processes of backward-phase-matching spontaneous parametric downconversion in a single-periodic crystal
Authors: Gao Ming-Yuan , Li Yin-Hai , Ge Zheng , Niu Su-Jian , Guo Guang-Can , Zhou Zhi-Yuan , Shi Bao-Sen
Published: July 2023

A nonlinear process based on backward quasi-phase matching (BQPM) can be used to realize mirrorless optical parametric oscillation, the generation of paired photons with a separable joint spectral amplitude and narrow wavelength bandwidth, and the preparation of counterpropagating polarization-entangled photons, which shows distinct advantages over some applications based on forward quasi-phase matching. In this work, three types of BQPM in a bulk periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal with a single period are theoretically analyzed. Experimentally, the harmonic wave generated by second-harmonic generation in type 0 and type I exhibits a narrow bandwidth of 15.5 GHz. Furthermore, photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion in all types of BQPM (type 0, type I, and type II) at 7th order are observed and characterized. Their coincidence-to-accidental ratios are all greater than 5 × 103 in the pump power range from 10 mW to 500 mW. This research lays the foundation for further applications of BQPM in nonlinear optics, quantum optics, and quantum information processing.
Natural exceptional points in the excitation spectrum of a light–matter system
Authors: Opala A. , Furman M. , Król M. , Mirek R. , Tyszka K. , Seredyński B. , Pacuski W. , Szczytko J. , Matuszewski M. , Piętka B.
Published: July 2023

In this work, we observe natural exceptional points in the excitation spectrum of an exciton–polariton system by optically tuning the light–matter interactions. The observed exceptional points do not require any spatial or polarization degrees of freedom and result solely from the transition from weak to strong light–matter coupling. It was demonstrated that they do not coincide with the threshold for photon lasing, confirming previous theoretical predictions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 185301 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.122.185301, Optica 7, 1015 (2020)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.397378]. Using a technique where a strong coherent laser pump induces up-converted excitations, we encircle the exceptional point in the parameter space of coupling strength and particle momentum. Our method of local optical control of light–matter coupling paves the way to the investigation of fundamental phenomena, including dissipative phase transitions and non-Hermitian topological states.
Integrative modeling of diverse protein-peptide systems using CABS-dock
Authors: Puławski Wojciech , Koliński Andrzej , Koliński Michał
Published: July 2023

The CABS model can be applied to a wide range of protein-protein and protein-peptide molecular modeling tasks, such as simulating folding pathways, predicting structures, docking, and analyzing the structural dynamics of molecular complexes. In this work, we use the CABS-dock tool in two diverse modeling tasks: 1) predicting the structures of amyloid protofilaments and 2) identifying cleavage sites in the peptide substrates of proteolytic enzymes. In the first case, simulations of the simultaneous docking of amyloidogenic peptides indicated that the CABS model can accurately predict the structures of amyloid protofilaments which have an in-register parallel architecture. Scoring based on a combination of symmetry criteria and estimated interaction energy values for bound monomers enables the identification of protofilament models that closely match their experimental structures for 5 out of 6 analyzed systems. For the second task, it has been shown that CABS-dock coarse-grained docking simulations can be used to identify the positions of cleavage sites in the peptide substrates of proteolytic enzymes. The cleavage site position was correctly identified for 12 out of 15 analyzed peptides. When combined with sequence-based methods, these docking simulations may lead to an efficient way of predicting cleavage sites in degraded proteins. The method also provides the atomic structures of enzyme-substrate complexes, which can give insights into enzyme-substrate interactions that are crucial for the design of new potent inhibitors.
Horizontal transfer of probable chicken-pathogenicity chromosomal islands between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus agnetis
Authors: Rhoads Douglas D. , Pummil Jeff , Ekesi Nnamdi S. , Alrubaye Adnan A. K.
Published: July 2023

Staphylococcus agnetisis an emerging pathogen in chickens but has been most commonly isolated from sub-clinical mastitis in bovines. Previous whole-genome analyses for known virulence genes failed to identify determinants for the switch from mild ductal infections in cattle to severe infections in poultry. We now report identification of a family of 15 kbp, 17–19 gene mobile genetic elements (MGEs) specific to chicken osteomyelitis and dermatitis isolates ofS.agnetis. These MGEs can be present in multiple copies per genome. The MGE has been vectored on a Staphylococcus phage that separately lysogenized twoS.agnetisosteomyelitis strains. TheS.agnetisgenome from a broiler breeder case of ulcerative dermatitis contains 2 orthologs of this MGE, not associated with a prophage. BLASTn and phylogenetic analyses show that there are closely related intact MGEs found in genomes ofS.aureus. The genome from a 1980s isolate from chickens in Ireland contains 3 copies of this MGE. More recent chicken isolates descended from that genome (Poland 2009, Oklahoma 2010, and Arkansas 2018) contain 2 to 4 related copies. Many of the genes of this MGE can be identified in disparate regions of the genomes of other chicken isolates ofS.aureus. BLAST searches of the NCBI databases detect no similar MGEs outside ofS.aureusandS.agnetis. These MGEs encode no proteins related to those produced byStaphylococcus aureusPathogenicity Islands, which have been associated with the transition ofS.aureusfrom human to chicken hosts. Other than mobilization functions, most of the genes in these new MGEs annotate as hypothetical proteins. The MGEs we describe appear to represent a new family of Chromosomal Islands (CIs) shared amongstS.agnetisandS.aureus. Further work is needed to understand the role of these CIs/MGEs in pathogenesis. Analysis of horizontal transfer of genetic elements between isolates and species of Staphylococci provides clues to evolution of host-pathogen interactions as well as revealing critical determinants for animal welfare and human diseases.
Influence of different primary surgical techniques on long-term intraocular pressure and medication in glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery
Authors: Strzalkowska Alicja , Strzalkowski Piotr , Stingl Julia V. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schuster Alexander K. , Hoffmann Esther M.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To assess long-time results of primary surgical treatment in children with glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery.

Methods

A retrospective study of 37 eyes from 35 children with glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery, who underwent surgery between 2011 and 2021 at the Childhood Glaucoma Center, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany. Only children, who received a primary glaucoma surgery in our clinic within the given time (n = 25) and had at least one-year follow-up (n = 21), were included in the further analysis. The mean follow-up time was 40.4±35.1 months. The primary outcome was the mean reduction in IOP (in mmHg) from baseline to follow-up visits after the surgery, measured with Perkins tonometry.

Results

8 patients (38%) were treated with probe trabeculotomy (probe TO), 6 (29%) with 360° catheter-assisted trabeculotomy (360° TO) and 7 (33%) with cyclodestructive procedures. IOP was significantly reduced after probe TO and 360° TO after 2 years, from 26.9 mmHg to 17.4 mmHg (p<0.01) and 25.2 mmHg to 14.1 mmHg (p<0.02), respectively. There was no significant IOP reduction after cyclodestructive procedures after 2 years. Both, probe TO and 360° TO led descriptively to eye drops reduction after 2 years, from 2.0 to 0.7 and 3.2 to 1.1. The reduction was not significant.

Conclusions

In glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery, both trabeculotomy techniques, lead to good reduction of IOP after 2 years. There is a need for a prospective study with comparison to the use of glaucoma drainage implants.
Ethanol and caffeine age-dependently alter brain and retinal neurochemical levels without affecting morphology of juvenile and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Clayman Carly L. , Hwang Christina , Connaughton Victoria P.
Published: July 2023

Adolescent alcohol exposure in humans is predictive of adult development of alcoholism. In rodents, caffeine pre-exposure enhances adult responsiveness to ethanol via a pathway targeted by both compounds. Embryonic exposure to either compound adversely affects development, and both compounds can alter zebrafish behaviors. Here, we evaluate whether co-exposure to caffeine and/or alcohol in adolescence exerts neurochemical changes in retina and brain. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were given daily 20 min treatments to ethanol (1.5% v/v), caffeine (25–100 mg/L), or caffeine + ethanol for 1 week during mid-late adolescence (53–92 days post fertilization (dpf)) or early adulthood (93–142 dpf). Immediately after exposure, anatomical measurements were taken, including weight, heart rate, pigment density, length, girth, gill width, inner and outer eye distance. Brain and retinal tissue were subsequently collected either (1) immediately, (2) after a short interval (2-4d) following exposure, or (3) after a longer interval that included an acute 1.5% ethanol challenge. Chronic ethanol and/or caffeine exposure did not alter anatomical parameters. However, retinal and brain levels of tyrosine hydroxylase were elevated in fish sacrificed after the long interval following exposure. Protein levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase were also increased, with the highest levels observed in 70–79 dpf fish exposed to caffeine. The influence of ethanol and caffeine exposure on neurochemistry demonstrates specificity of their effects during postembryonic development. Using the zebrafish model to assess neurochemistry relevant to reward and anxiety may inform understanding of the mechanisms that reinforce co-addiction to alcohol and stimulants.
Increased risk of pneumonia amongst residents living near goat farms in different livestock-dense regions in the Netherlands
Authors: Lotterman Aniek , Baliatsas Christos , de Rooij Myrna M. T. , Huss Anke , Jacobs José , Dückers Michel , Boender Gert Jan , McCarthy Catherine , Heederik Dick , Hagenaars Thomas J. , Yzermans C. Joris , Smit Lidwien A. M.
Published: July 2023

Background

Previous studies, performed between 2009–2019, in the Netherlands observed an until now still unexplained increased risk for pneumonia among residents living close to goat farms. Since data were collected in the provinces Noord-Brabant and Limburg (NB-L), an area with relatively high air pollution levels and proximity to large industrial areas in Europe, the question remains whether the results are generalizable to other regions. In this study, a different region, covering the provinces Utrecht, Gelderland, and Overijssel (UGO) with a similar density of goat farms, was included to assess whether the association between goat farm proximity and pneumonia is consistently observed across the Netherlands.

Methods

Data for this study were derived from the Electronic Health Records (EHR) of 21 rural general practices (GPs) in UGO, for 2014–2017. Multi-level analyses were used to compare annual pneumonia prevalence between UGO and data derived from rural reference practices (‘control area’). Random-effects meta-analysis (per GP practice) and kernel analyses were performed to study associations of pneumonia with the distance between goat farms and patients’ home addresses.

Results

GP diagnoses of pneumonia occurred 40% more often in UGO compared to the control area. Meta-analysis showed an association at a distance of less than 500m (~70% more pneumonia compared to >500m) and 1000m (~20% more pneumonia compared to >1000m). The kernel-analysis for three of the four individual years showed an increased risk up to a distance of one or two kilometers (2–36% more pneumonia; 10–50 avoidable cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year).

Conclusions

The positive association between living in the proximity of goat farms and pneumonia in UGO is similar to the previously found association in NB-L. Therefore, we concluded that the observed associations are relevant for regions with goat farms in the entire country.
Abundance of Dendroctonus frontalis and D. mexicanus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) along altitudinal transects in Mexico: Implications of climatic change for forest conservation
Authors: Sáenz-Romero Cuauhtémoc , Cambrón-Sandoval Víctor Hugo , Hammond William , Méndez-González Jorge , Luna-Soria Hugo , Macías-Sámano Jorge E. , Gómez-Romero Mariela , Trejo-Ramírez Oscar , Allen Craig D. , Gómez-Pineda Erika , del-Val Ek
Published: July 2023

Bark beetle infestations have historically been primary drivers of stand thinning in Mexican pine forests. However, bark beetle impacts have become increasingly extensive and intense, apparently associated with climate change. Our objective was to describe the possible association between abundance of bark beetle flying populations and the occurrence of given value intervals of temperature, precipitation and their balance, in order to have a better comprehension of the climatic space that might trigger larger insect abundances, an issue relevant in the context of the ongoing climatic change. Here, we monitored the abundance of two of the most important bark beetle species in Mexico, Dendroctonus frontalis and D. mexicanus. We sampled 147 sites using pheromone-baited funnel traps along 24 altitudinal transects in 11 Mexican states, from northwestern Chihuahua to southeastern Chiapas, from 2015 to 2017. Through mixed model analysis, we found that the optimum Mean Annual Temperatures were 17°C–20°C for D. frontalis in low-elevation pine-oak forest, while D. mexicanus had two optimal intervals: 11–13°C and 15–18°C. Higher atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit (≥ 1.0) was correlated with higher D. frontalis abundances, indicating that warming-amplified drought stress intensifies trees’ vulnerability to beetle attack. As temperatures and drought stress increase further with projected future climatic changes, it is likely that these Dendroctonus species will increase tree damage at higher elevations. Pine forests in Mexico are an important source of livelihood for communities inhabiting those areas, so providing tools to tackle obstacles to forest growth and health posed by changing climate is imperative.
Postmigrant perspectives: Radical diversity as artistic-political intervention
Authors: Schramm Moritz
Published: July 2023

In the last decade, the concept of radical diversity has gained traction, not least in the circles around the postmigrant theatre at the Maxim Gorki Theatre in Berlin. This essay explores this concept and interprets it as part of the overall tendency in postmigratory art and culture to move beyond clear-cut identity groups and to build alliances and coalitions beyond stable identity markers. Radical diversity thus not only denounces doctrines of cultural homogeneity and monoculturalism but also rejects the logic of integration and traditional ideas of multiculturalism. Against this background, radical diversity focuses on the multiplicity of subject positions in society, as well as on the complexity of structures of discrimination and marginalization. As a artistic-political intervention, this essay argues, radical diversity expresses some of the major characteristics of postmigrant societies and urges us to reconsider traditional research perspectives on migratory art and on the relation between culture and migration.
THE ACCEPTABILITY OF TELEMEDICINE IN POST-MASS CHARITY CIRCUMCISION IN INDONESIA: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Aulia Indri , Valeria Michelle , Zacharia Nathaniel J. , Amangku Bagus R. , Prasetyo M. Luthfi
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Charity circumcision is common in Indonesia. It is usually done by general practitioners or medical students under supervision. Procedures are often held on a mass scale and rarely followed with post-monitoring. We developed a telemedicine follow-up protocol to educate and address post-procedure complications. This pilot study evaluates the acceptability of telemedicine follow-up protocol for charity circumcision in Indonesia.
Method: Data were collected from operators and caregivers of children attending charity circumcision. The protocol consisted of text interviews (pain, urinary retention) and surgical sites' four-angle photographs (epithelialization, bleeding, infection, edema, and glans excoriation). The protocol was conducted two-way between caregivers and operators on days 1, 3, 7, and 30 after circumcision. The Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, has approved this study.
Result: Twenty-five boys with a mean age of 8.02±1.53 years old have similar pre-operative, operative, and postoperative protocols. Twenty-one caregivers completed four times follow-ups, one missed two times follow-ups, and three missed the last follow-up. Mild pain was the most reported complication, with 32% (8/25), 12% (3/25), 8% (2/24) incidence on days 1, 3, and 7, respectively. By the end of the follow-up, there were no persisting complications, and 80% (20/25) of boys showed complete epithelialization. All caregivers and most operators were satisfied with telemedicine for post-mass circumcision monitoring.
Conclusion: The telemedicine-based follow-up is acceptable and feasible to be applied in mass charity circumcision. This protocol is beneficial for monitoring the results and adverse events, therefore, should be routinely adopted in mass charity circumcision programs.
A POST OPERATIVE PALATOPLASTY FEEDING GUIDELINES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Salim Darryl Samuel , Victe Dona Christin , Sylvina Sylvina , Setyarto Muhammad Rizqy
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Post operative palatoplasty is one of the important things, because many complications that may occur post operatively such as bleeding, dehiscence, to velopharyngeal insufficiency. One of the factors that determine postoperative palatoplasty wound healing is feeding problem which is still controversial, both in terms of the type of food and the time of feeding. There are no guidelines for handling postoperative palatoplasty in Indonesia. For this reason, the author tries to make a feeding guides post palatoplasty by compiling existing literature, to be used as a reference in making guidelines.
Method: Data collected from journal search engine with limited keyword. All article were analysed by authors to find focused data post palatoplasty feeding. All data is presented in a table, then compared and analysed.
Result: There are nine articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were obtained which were presented in the table and compared.
Conclusion: Guidelines for post palatoplasty surgery must be made to provide the best results. Based on existing research and literature, the authors suggest including: a liquid diet after surgery, a soft diet as soon as possible, a solid diet after one month of surgery, and most importantly all diets must have good nutrition for Indonesia post palatoplasty feeding guidelines.
Increased Nutrition Intake from Day 1 to Day 7 and Its Correlation with LOS in The Burn Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta
Authors: Sinaga Wina , Nurul Ratna Mutu Manikam  , Aditya Wardhana  , Nandita Melati Putri  , Lily Indriani Octovia  , Akhmad Noviandi Syarif
Published: July 2023

Introduction : Burn patients as well as the critically ill experience strong oxidative stress, an intense inflammatory response, and a prolonged months-long hypermetabolic and catabolic response that affect nutritional requirements. This study aimed to investigate the nutrition intake in the acute phase from day 1 to day 7 and the correlation with length of stay (LOS) in burn patients in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital.Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2020 in the Burn Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Research subjects were burns patients who were willing to take part in this research and met the research criteria. The characteristics data included gender, age, burn area, cause of burns, body mass index, and intake analysis were obtained from medical records and were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and linear regression.Result : A total of 68 subjects were included in this study. There was an increase in energy intake from day 1 to day 7 of 10.81 + 12.73 Kcal/kgBW. There was a significant negative weak correlation between energy changes from day-1 to day-7 and length of stay (r = -0.25, p = 0.03).Conclusion: The higher energy increases within 7 days of treatment, the shorter the LOS of burn patients. Further research is still needed to assess the components that influence nutrition intake and how they impact the clinical outcome of burn patients.
Aesthetic Evaluation After Three-Dimensional Shaping of Free Flap for Nasal Reconstruction without Additional Paramedian Forehead Flap
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Jonathan Reinhart , Ramadan Mohamad Rachadian , Triatmoko Sara Ester , Erina Maryam Nur , Ralena Nadhira Anindita
Published: July 2023

Nasal reconstruction has continued to advance in accordance with Menick's vision as it was first conceived. His combination of radial forearm free flaps with the gold standard of paramedian forehead flaps is highly regarded for producing superior outcomes, and it has received widespread praise as a consequence. In this study, we present nine patients who had nose reconstruction using free flaps. All of the patients had successful outcomes. Using the FACE-Q questionnaire, we assessed the degree to which patients were satisfied with both the functional and aesthetic aspects of their appearance. The outcomes were positive for nine of the patients.
Central Facial Soft-Tissue Defect Following Surgical Resection: An Algorithm for Reconstruction
Authors: Ramadan Mohamad Rachadian , Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Tikyayala Amila
Published: July 2023

Background: Central facial soft tissue defect poses a unique challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. The three-dimensional properties of the aesthetic facial subunit and its related function are the goals for reconstruction. Considering the prominent social role of the face, the procedure to achieve a good quality of life for patients may cost more than a single surgery. This single-center study presents an algorithm of treatment for central facial soft tissue defect and it’s proposed classification according to the authors’ experiences.
Methods: A retrospective review of medical records and photos of patients who underwent central facial soft tissue defect reconstruction in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from 2009 to 2019. Patients who underwent free flap reconstruction were followed up, and the primary outcomes were assessed using the FACE-Q head and neck cancer (FACE-Q H&N) scale. A classification system for central facial soft tissue defect with seven subtypes (1–7) based on the facial subunit and its treatment was proposed.
Results: Twenty-five patients were included. The malignant tumor was the main etiology (88%), with basal cell carcinoma being the primary cancer pathology (64%). The average defect size was 120 cm2 (32-416 cm2) and most defects fell into subtype 6 of the classification (32%). Anterolateral thigh free flap (ALT) was the main flap of choice (64%), followed by radial forearm free flap (36%), with 92% of flaps succeeding rate from this series. All of the patients underwent at least one ancillary procedure following the reconstruction, while the average was 2 (1-6) procedures. FACE-Q H&N outcomes, especially on the appearance and appearance distress scale, showed a low to moderate score with a 72% response rate.
Conclusions: Central facial soft-tissue defect continues to challenge reconstructive surgeons. While the advances in free tissue transfer might improve the general outcomes, the numerous and costly secondary procedures do not usually end up in the best appearance. This study displayed the need for modern reconstruction modalities that provide high satisfaction in aesthetic and functional outcomes with fewer secondary procedures. Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCAT) might be the future choice.
2023: a háború a fő kérdés : Interjú dr. Jeszenszky Gézával, egyetemi tanárral, korábbi külügyminiszterrel
Authors: Csontos Tamás , Póta Krisztián , Trautmann László , Jeszenszky Géza
Published: July 2023

A Köz-gazdaság interjút kért dr. Jeszenszky Gézától, korábbi magyar külügyminisztertől a Köz-gazdasági folyamatok alakulásáról, arról, hogy mi várható 2023-ban. Az interjú szövegét 2023. április 30-án zártuk le.
Gondolatok a geopolitika és a tőkepiacok kapcsolatáról
Authors: Grébel Szabolcs , Pesuth Tamás
Published: July 2023

A geopolitika szerepe a pénzügyi elméletben és gyakorlatban is felértékelődik. Jelen tanulmány a geopolitika és a részvénypiac közötti főbb kapcsolódási pontokat igyekszik vizsgálni. Kutatásunk motivációja továbbá az elmúlt időszakban egyre fontosabbá váló geopolitikai kockázati faktor, valamint a részvénypiaci hozamok közötti kapcsolódás bemutatása. A tanulmányban a klasszikus geopolitikai elméletek bemutatása mellett a közelmúlt eseményeire fókuszálva lehetséges kapcsolódási pontokat mutatunk be a részvénypiaci hozamok és a geopolitikai kockázati index (GPR) között az Egyesült Államok és Kína, valamint a CEE régió vonatkozásában. Tanulmányunk alapján a nemzetközi diverzifikációnál szerepet kaphat a geopolitikai kockázat, amely a vizsgált időszakban a hozamokra jellemzően negatív hatással bírt.
Automation: Threat or Opportunity? - The Impact of Robotisation on the Hungarian Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Gurály Roland
Published: July 2023

Economists are divided over the potential impact of robotisation, especially when the effects on labour are considered. Several experts fear that the labour substitution effects will outpace the number of new jobs created, while others find that balancing forces will work this time as well. In this article, I focus on the impact of these processes on the Hungarian manufacturing industry, as Hungary is a good example of an FDI-dependent, production-focused country. The analysis is based on several interviews with experts and managers, mostly from the automotive industry. The result of the discussions shows that there is a growing robotisation trend in Hungary, along with the other Visegrad Four countries. While this trend decreases the number of workers needed for a certain production volume, it does not pose a serious immediate threat as it is balanced by the tendency of a lack of workforce with the necessary skills.