bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydroxychloroquine-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry is attenuated by TMPRSS2
Authors: Ou Tianling , Mou Huihui , Zhang Lizhou , Ojha Amrita , Choe Hyeryun , Farzan Michael
Published: January 2021

Hydroxychloroquine, used to treat malaria and some autoimmune disorders, potently inhibits viral infection of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) and SARS-CoV-2 in cell-culture studies. However, human clinical trials of hydroxychloroquine failed to establish its usefulness as treatment for COVID-19. This compound is known to interfere with endosomal acidification necessary to the proteolytic activity of cathepsins. Following receptor binding and endocytosis, cathepsin L can cleave the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins, thereby activating membrane fusion for cell entry. The plasma membrane-associated protease TMPRSS2 can similarly cleave these S proteins and activate viral entry at the cell surface. Here we show that the SARS-CoV-2 entry process is more dependent than that of SARS-CoV-1 on TMPRSS2 expression. This difference can be reversed when the furin-cleavage site of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein is ablated or when it is introduced into the SARS-CoV-1 S protein. We also show that hydroxychloroquine efficiently blocks viral entry mediated by cathepsin L, but not by TMPRSS2, and that a combination of hydroxychloroquine and a clinically-tested TMPRSS2 inhibitor prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection more potently than either drug alone. These studies identify functional differences between SARS-CoV-1 and -2 entry processes, and provide a mechanistic explanation for the limited in vivo utility of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19.
Teaching as the emergent event of an ecological process: Complexity and choices in one-to-one programmes
Authors: de Miranda Lyana Thédiga , Pischetola Magda
Published: January 2021

The article argues that the ecological approach can offer a viewpoint that comprises more educational complexity. If we accept that the observer and object of observation are in a constant relationship, that technology, context and culture are constituting forces of knowledge production, and that theory/practice is another binary divide to overcome, we are forced to address the intertwined emergence of teaching and learning as part of a co-evolutionary process. As part of ecological pedagogy, communication choices focus on feedback, interconnectedness and in-between-ness among living and non-living organisms. By drawing from the encounter between the complex perspective of Gregory Bateson and the thinking of media ecologist Marshall McLuhan, this article focuses on communication choices in teaching. It presents a comparative study on one-to-one programmes in schools in Italy and Brazil and shows the importance of existing connections and communicative exchanges between the elements of a dynamic system.
Recensão a Floresta de varios romances, sacados de las historias antiguas de los hechos famosos de los doze pares de Francia
Authors: Boto Sandra
Published: January 2021

Floresta de varios romances, sacados de las historias antiguas de los hechos famosos de los doze pares de Francia, agora nueuamente corregidos por Damian Lopez de Tortajada, prólogo de Pere Ferré e introducción de Teresa Araújo, México, Frente de Afirmación Hispanista, 2019, 490 pp. ISBN: 978-84-09-12288-2.
Reseña de Cantaré según veredes. Intertextualidad y construcción poética en el siglo XV
Authors: Higashi Alejandro
Published: January 2021

Isabella Tomassetti, Cantaré según veredes. Intertextualidad y construcción poética en el siglo XV, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, Madrid - Frankfurt am Main, 2017, 352 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1692-218-5.
Telejornalismo e juventude em tempos de pandemia: comunicação de interesse público
Authors: GOMES TAIANNE DE LIMA , Kneipp Valquiria Aparecida Passos
Published: January 2021

Com a pandemia, em 2020, de acordo com pesquisas, o jovem passou a assistir telejornal, formato televisivo que estava em baixa nessa camada da população. O artigo se faz necessário para registrar este novo cenário midiático, identificar novas práticas sociais e contribuir para a reflexão do telejornalismo. Trata-se de estudo de caso exploratório. Buscou-se responder como a pandemia levou a juventude de volta ao telejornal? A base conceitual e teórica calcou-se nos estudos sobre a história da mídia televisiva e do telejornalismo. Considerou-se que a juventude voltou ao noticiário de TV visando obter informação verdadeira, em meio às fakes news.
„Vergilius Evangéliuma”
Authors: Majoros Máté
Published: January 2021

Jelen kötetben Faltonia Proba, a késő antikvitás kiemelkedő költőnőjének egyetlen fennmaradt költeménye, egy vergiliusi cento fordítása olvasható, amelyben a költőnő, Vergilius életművét felhasználva, az Ó- és Újszövetség epikus formában való parafrázisát tűzte ki célul.
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EXPERIENCE OF THE REGIONS OF RUSSIA IN CREATING MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF THE ALTAI REGION
Authors: Mischenko V.V. , Lyakisheva V.G. , Yudina V.V.
Published: January 2021

The topic of improving the system of state and municipal administration is always relevant. In 2020, the importance of reforming local self-government was emphasized during the discussion of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Among the numerous changes regularly introduced to the basic federal law governing the organization of local self-government in Russia are the radical amendments of May 2014 and 2019 in terms of its territorial foundations. A number of regions have quite successfully switched to a single-tier system of local self-government, having completely eliminated the settlement level, or to a mixed one, when municipal districts with their rural settlements remain within the boundaries of the region, and as a result of the transformations of a number of districts and settlements, new municipal districts are created, or this occurs when urban districts are given the status of municipal ones.

The authors made an attempt to systematize the experience of the regions that have already created municipal districts, and to project it onto the territory of the Altai Territory. In the course of the study, a number of legal, organizational, socio-economic aspects of the reform were analyzed, recommendations were developed to adapt both the authorities and the population to the upcoming transformations.
THE HIERARCHY OF MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF REGIONS
Authors: Babkina L.N. , Skotarenko О.V.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the construction of a hierarchy of twelve groups of goals implemented in regional systems of state investment management and, focused on the implementation of the strategic goal — to increase the level of investment attractiveness of regions.

The results of the analysis showed that: in nine groups of goals out of the twelve studied, methodological approaches were applied and the required rules for building a hierarchy of goals were observed; fragments of the target orientation model of the public investment management system in the region can be considered only two groups of goals, which contain three levels of hierarchy-goals-programs, goals-plans and current specific activities; in all groups of goals, there are no criteria for achieving goals-programs and goals-plans, and the results of current specific activities; there are three groups of regions, in the first of which management systems are focused on achieving three goals-programs, in the second group they implement two goals-programs, and in the third group they implement one goal-program.

A more detailed analysis of successfully implemented goals-plans in some environments, such as industrial and educational, in some regions will allow you to extend this experience to other territories.
Fenntarthatósági szempontok beépítése a beszállító értékelésébe a DEA/CI összetett indikátorok módszere alkalmazásával (Integrating sustainability criteria in supplier evaluation with application of the method of of DEA/CI complex indicators)
Authors: Vörösmarty Gyöngyi , Dobos Imre
Published: January 2021

A környezeti hatások rendszerint túlmutatnak egy vállalat határain, éppen ezért az ellátási lánc kontextusban a környezeti szempontok érvényesítése során fontos szerep jut a beszerzési döntéseknek is. Számos olyan példát lehetne említeni, amikor egy adott szempont szerint egy alternatíva környezetileg előnyös, de az ellátási lánc egészét nézve már környezetterhelő. A környezeti hatások ellátási lánc szinten való mérése azonban komoly kihívásokat jelent. Ezzel jelentős kutatásokat és fejlesztéseket inspirált a téma. Az egyik olyan terület, amelyben komoly kutatási eredmények születtek, az a környezeti szempontok beszállítói értékelésbe való beépítése. A kutatások ezen irányához csatlakozva a szerzők tanulmányunkban azt keresik, hogyan lehet meghatározni az egyik legáltalánosabban használt szállítóértékelési módszerben, a súlyozott pontrendszerben egy adott szemponthoz azt a súlyt, amely mellett az adott szempont már döntésbefolyásoló tényezővé válik. Ehhez a DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) összetett indikátorok (Composite Indicators, CI) módszerét alkalmazzák. A szempontok közös súlyának fontossága megállapításához a lineáris programozás elméletét használják. _____ Management decisions often have an environmental effect not just within the company, but outside as well, this is why supply chain context is highlighted in literature. Measuring environmental issues of supply decisions raise a lot of problems from methodological and practical point of view. This inspires a rapidly growing literature as a lot of studies were published focusing on how to incorporate environmental issues into supplier evaluation. This paper contributes to this stream of research as it develops a method to help weight selection. In the authors’ paper the method of Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) is used to study the extension of traditional supplier selection methods with environmental factors. The selection of the weight system can control the result of the selection process.
BOCA MALDITA:
Authors: Moraes Lauro Almeida de , Fazion Fabiano
Published: January 2021

A Boca Maldita é uma instituição simbólica do centro de Curitiba, significativa na identidade curitibana. Para a análise, recorreu-se a observações, fotografias, desenhos e registros sonoros. A interpretação adotou a perspectiva de “invenção de tradições”, referendada por fontes primárias e obras sobre o desenvolvimento de Curitiba. Privilegiou-se uma leitura qualitativa, por meio da ideia de apropriação e territorialidade, da sociologia maffesoliana, da antropologia da performance e de técnicas de observação participante. Uma tradição foi criada e passou a fazer parte dos discursos como fato, gerando alterações físicas, sensoriais e comportamentais. A territorialidade é fluida, promovendo extensões do espaço público para o privado e vice-versa. A institucionalização vai além da configuração física ou da lógica articulada. Práticas ritualizadas consolidam-se no espaço vivido. A ‘tribo’ se reúne e cria um “pedaço”, rotineiramente reterritorializado. A comunidade reconhece a tribo e suas práticas; a tradição se consolida e se torna memória e história.
TRABALHO DOMICILIAR
Authors: Enoque Alessandro Gomes , Fernando Borges Alex , Santana Ana Carolina Silva
Published: January 2021

O trabalho domiciliar vem apresentando, ao longo do tempo, uma série de mutações que tem desafiado, permanentemente, os pesquisadores nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento científico.  A diversidade ocupacional, semântica e metodológica relacionada a atividade fez com que o conceito fosse abordado a partir de diversos olhares, desde sua compreensão marxiana clássica até abordagens mais contemporâneas (GUILBERT e ISAMBERT-JAMATI, 1956; ABREU e SORJ, 1986; BENERÍA e ROLDÁN, 1987; BORIS e DANIELS, 1989; LALLEMENT, 1990; FESLTEAD e JEWSON, 2000). Refletir sobre a natureza desta atividade cada vez mais presente em nosso espaço social e, por que não dizer, em nossos lares, é, portanto, uma necessidade premente no âmbito da academia brasileira.  Este ensaio teórico tem, como objetivo principal, lançar um outro olhar acerca do conceito.  Um olhar que, a nosso ver, busca estabelecer um diálogo entre as abordagens clássicas e contemporâneas do trabalho domiciliar possibilitando, assim, uma ampla agenda de pesquisas.
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TARUMÃ-AÇÚ BASIN, AMAZONAS, BRAZIL
Authors: Queiroz Matheus Silveira de , Carvalho José Alberto Lima de
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work was to analyze the geomorphology of the Tarumã-Açú basin according to morphometric, slope, topographical parameters to understand the current dynamics of the basin geomorphological. Morphometric analysis indicated a low tendency to erosion in the Basin. The flat slope is located near the mouth of the Tarumã-Açú river and the largest slopes indicate terraces and dividers and most of the basin is characterized by small and medium hills (3-20 %). The basin has a strong structural control represented by a Strike-Slip Fault that controls the Tarumã-Açú River and the tributaries of left bank have lineaments and parallelism that may indicate tectonic control (dip-slip faults?) in an en enchelon system. It is also noted that the basin underwent tectonic tilting to the west, possibly indicating tectonic influence during the Cenozoic.
ITAPERUNA-RJ:
Authors: André Gonçalves Mylena , Santos Leandro Bruno
Published: January 2021

Itaperuna, localizado no Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, tem desempenhado um papel importante na dinâmica econômica regional desde o auge da cultura cafeeira, entre finais do século XIX e início do XX. Atualmente, essa relevância se mantém, na medida em que responde por participação relevante da população e das atividades econômicas. Neste texto, nosso objetivo é analisar a centralidade interurbana de Itaperuna na sua região geográfica imediata, por meio da análise dos serviços de educação e saúde. Para a realização deste trabalho foram adotados, como procedimentos metodológicos, levantamento de bibliografia e de dados primários e secundários, sistematização e análise das informações. Nossos resultados mostram que Itaperuna tem apresentado forte crescimento populacional e concentrado as atividades econômicas (indústria manufatureira, comércio e serviços) no âmbito regional. No caso das atividades de serviços, se sobressaem a educação e a saúde, responsáveis pela dinâmica econômica regional e pela forte atração populacional exercida por Itaperuna.
Simone de Beauvoir, de Zaza ao feminismo
Authors: Annabelle Bonnet
Published: January 2021

“Se estou com lágrimas nos olhos esta noite, é porque você morreu ou é porque eu estou viva?[1]”. Assim começa o livro inédito de Simone de Beauvoir, Les inséparables (As inseparáveis), redigido em 1954 mas publicado pela primeira vez em outubro de 2020, na França, pela sua filha adotiva, Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir. Nesse romance biográfico, a filósofa volta entre nós no tempo ao narrar sua longa e profunda amizade com Elisabeth Lecoin, “Zaza”, um dos encontros que mais marcaram sua juventude.
O processo civilizatório da infância pelo corpo: um pouco do que a História nos conta
Authors: Azevedo Nair Correia Salgado de , Lima José Milton de
Published: January 2021

A questão do cerceamento dos corpos infantis nas escolas, por meio da disciplinarização, leva-nos a refletir sobre quando e por que tais práticas pedagógicas baseadas nessa visão se tornaram ações dentro da “normalidade” e perduraram ao longo de décadas de escola pública no Brasil. Esse artigo parte do pressuposto de que muitas ações repressoras do lúdico, infelizmente, bastante comuns em muitos contextos escolares e que resultam numa disciplinarização corporal, são consequências de imposições históricas às crianças. É possível inferir que muitos eventos históricos contribuíram para que tais visões ainda prevaleçam no contexto escolar, o que consequentemente resulta em uma educação engessada e que tende a não valorizar as culturas lúdicas infantis presentes dentro das escolas. Importa pensarmos que, independente de imposições disciplinares corporais, nossas crianças continuam a produzir cultura – o que nos parece ser digno de novas discussões, é como podemos mudar concepções e práticas historicamentes adquiridas a respeito dessa temática.
Impactos do Crédito sobre Crescimento Econômico dos Municípios do Espírito Santo: Análises para o Período de 2005 a 2015
Authors: Zambon Monte Edson , Bergamin Aguiar Bruna , Caliman Souza Renzo
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho objetivou analisar os efeitos do crédito sobre crescimento econômico dos municípios do Espírito Santo, no período de 2005 a 2015, utilizando a metodologia de danos em painel. As análises foram feitas considerando o Produto Interno Bruto total (PIB total) e o PIB dos setores: agropecuário, industrial e comercial e de serviços. Os resultados revelaram que a oferta de crédito contribuiu para o crescimento econômico dos municípios do Espírito Santo. Portanto, políticas públicas que facilitem a tomada de crédito podem levar a bons resultados econômicos para os municípios capixabas.
Cadeia Produtiva e Mercado Cafeeiro no Brasil: Desafios e Potencialidades
Authors: Ramos Takano André Luiz , Cervo Cabrera Lilian , Caldarelli Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2021

O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de café, mas tem dificuldades em agregar valor à sua produção. Com isso, o país vem perdendo market-share. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as exportações do complexo cafeeiro brasileiro e apontar possíveis soluções para a cafeicultura brasileira. Foram utilizados o modelo CMS e o índice IVCR para entender a conjuntura do café brasileiro no mercado mundial e apontar algumas oportunidades para o Brasil. Duas sugestões de políticas são discutidas: i) as importações de café verde (drawback); ii) a certificação, que ajudaria a obter maior rentabilidade e ganhos aos cafeicultores.
El silencio de los intelectuales: filosofía, política y parrhesía en Foucault
Authors: Alzola Molina Aitor
Published: January 2021

A principios de los años 80 se desató en Francia una polémica conocida como «el silencio de los intelectuales». En este texto abordaremos la singular postura de Michel Foucault al respecto. Para ello realizaremos una doble operación. Por un lado, planteamos la hipótesis siguiente: se pueden encontrar los fundamentos que sostienen su posición en los análisis que realizó sobre la parrhesía a partir de los años 80. En segundo lugar, realizaremos un recorrido por autores como Lyotard y Blanchot, quienes intervinieron en dicha polémica con conocidos escritos, para mostrar las particularidades de la apuesta de Foucault. De esta manera, pretendemos, no solamente mostrar su original aportación al problema, sino señalar los desplazamientos respecto a la crítica del intelectual que había elaborado durante los años 70.
Constitución y génesis de la subjetividad. Aporética de la noción de sujeto en M. Foucault y soluciones desde G. Deleuze
Authors: Sáez Rueda Luis
Published: January 2021

El trabajo intenta mostrar la estructura aporética de la concepción que el último Foucault posee respecto al sujeto. El autor defiende dos tesis fundamentales. Según la primera, existe una aporía insostenible entre la constitución del sujeto desde el saber y el poder, por un lado, y la auto-experiencia creativa de la subjetividad, por otro, a pesar de los argumentos foucaultianos que se esfuerzan por hacerlas compatibles. Tal auto-experiencia creativa es analizada, sobre todo, como supuesta en la ontología de nosotros mismos, porque es en ella donde se manifiesta la aporía indicada de un modo más amplio. Desde este ámbito, el autor estudia también dicha aporía en la formulación foucaultiana de las prácticas de sí, que concretan la auto-experiencia supuesta en la ontología de la actualidad. Según la segunda tesis, la aporía insostenible e inherente al pensamiento de Foucault en esos dos ámbitos exige, para su solución, la diferenciación entre constitución del sujeto (desde el campo sociopolítico) y génesis de la subjetividad (desde la naturaleza considerada como physis). Para aclarar esta diferencia, el ensayo recurre a concreciones diversas del pensamiento de G. Deleuze.
Ruch: kinowość w malarstwie i literaturze
Authors: Bal Mieke , Lipiński Filip
Published: January 2021

Translation of Mieke Bal's chapter into Polish
Obraz Artura Grottgera „Modlitwa konfederatów barskich przed bitwą” (pod Lanckoroną?): historia, literatura, ogląd
Authors: Bryl Mariusz
Published: January 2021

The subject of the paper is a painting by Artur Grottger, which has not yet been the subject of  close art historical analysis, hindered by the complicated history of the painting as a material object: from its creation (1861–63) and being exhibited in Vienesse Kunstverein in 1864 (titled Das Gebet vor der Schlacht. Episode aus der vergangenen Zeit in Polen), via its appearances and disappearances in the arena of history, till its present status of an object in a private collection, whichlimits its accessibility. The reconstruction of the process of constituting its present title (The Bar Confederates Pray Before the Battle of Lanckorona), reveals the problematic status of the reference to the specific battle fought during the Bar Confederation (1768–1772). The confrontation of the pictorial presentation with a real course of the battle of Lanckorona (23 May 1771) proves that it was not Grottger’s imperative to reconstruct in a probabilistic manner neither the place nor the course of the specific historical event. The analysis of the common for the artist and its public cultural competence, whose basis during  that epoch was literature, does not yield an unequivocal identification of specific historical figures or literary motifs as references for the painting. This probabilism of heteronomous, historical and literary references, increases the autonomy of Grottger’s painting as a visual medium. Following the tenet of art historical hermeneutics that it is not contextual references but the pictorial potential activated by the artist that defines the actual status of the represented event, the subject of the next part of the text is the vision-oriented logic of the painting. The main reference is Michael Brötje’s theory, according to which the surface of the painting (not the material, covered with paint, picture plane – die Flache – but immaterial, invisible instance – die Ebene) constitutes the ultimate instance for both represented reality, which it transcends and whose boundaries it establishes, and for the spectator, who confronts this reality in the process of viewing with the pictorial surface and its boundaries. In the process of viewing, which consists in the interaction between structural properties of the painting and the postulated by the viewer relating to the surface, the spectator experiences, as his or her own, the truth about the confederates’ origin, their connection with nature, their religiosity, rootedness in the motherland, death as their destiny, and their devotion to the ultimate absolute instance. The very experience, residing in the medium, ultimately determines the status of the heteronomous in relation to the painting, historical and literary references.
André Bazin's Film Theory: Art, Science, Religion
Authors: Dalle Vacche Angela
Published: January 2021

Always keen on the spectators’ freedom of interpretation, André Bazin’s film theory not only asks the famous question “What is cinema?,” but it also explores what is a human. By underlining the importance of personalist ethics, Angela Dalle Vacche is the first film specialist to identify Bazin’s “anti-anthropocentric” ambition of the cinema in favor of a more compassionate society. Influenced by the personalist philosophy of his mentor, Emmanuel Mounier, Bazin argued that the cinema is a mind-machine that interrogates its audiences on how humankind can engage in an egalitarian fashion towards other humans. According to Bazin, cinema’s ethical interrogation places human spirituality or empathy on top of creativity and logic. Notwithstanding Bazin’s emphasis on ethics, his film theory is rich with metaphors from art and science. The French film critic’s metaphorical writing lyrically frames encounters between literary texts and filmmaking styles, while it illuminates the analogy between the élan vital of biology and cinema’s lifelike ontology. A brilliant analyst of many kinds of films from Europe, Asia, and Latin America, ranging from fiction to documentary, from animation to the avant-garde, Bazin felt that the abstractions of editing were as important as the camera’s fluidity of motion. Furthermore, he disliked films based on a thesis or on an a priori stance that would rule out the risks and surprises of life in motion. Neither a mystic nor an animist, Bazin was a dissident Catholic and a cultural activist without  membership of a specific political party. Eager to dialogue with all kinds of communities, Bazin always disliked institutionalized religions based on dogmas.
Focal Sleep Spindle Deficits Reveal Focal Thalamocortical Dysfunction and Predict Cognitive Deficits in Sleep Activated Developmental Epilepsy
Authors: Kramer Mark A. , Stoyell Sally M. , Chinappen Dhinakaran , Ostrowski Lauren M. , Spencer Elizabeth R. , Morgan Amy K. , Emerton Britt Carlson , Jing Jin , Westover M. Brandon , Eden Uri T. , Stickgold Robert , Manoach Dara S. , Chu Catherine J.
Published: January 2021

Childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS) is the most common focal epilepsy syndrome, yet the cause of this disease remains unknown. Now recognized as a mild epileptic encephalopathy, children exhibit sleep-activated focal epileptiform discharges and cognitive difficulties during the active phase of the disease. The association between the abnormal electrophysiology and sleep suggests disruption to thalamocortical circuits. Thalamocortical circuit dysfunction resulting in pathologic epileptiform activity could hinder the production of sleep spindles, a brain rhythm essential for memory processes. Despite this pathophysiologic connection, the relationship between spindles and cognitive symptoms in epileptic encephalopathies has not been previously evaluated. A significant challenge limiting such work has been the poor performance of available automated spindle detection methods in the setting of sharp activities, such as epileptic spikes. Here, we validate a robust new method to accurately measure sleep spindles in patients with epilepsy. We then apply this detector to a prospective cohort of male and female children with CECTS with combined high-density EEGs during sleep and cognitive testing at varying time points of disease. We show that: (1) children have a transient, focal deficit in spindles during the symptomatic phase of disease; (2) spindle rate anticorrelates with spike rate; and (3) spindle rate, but not spike rate, predicts performance on cognitive tasks. These findings demonstrate focal thalamocortical circuit dysfunction and provide a pathophysiological explanation for the shared seizures and cognitive symptoms in CECTS. Further, this work identifies sleep spindles as a potential treatment target of cognitive dysfunction in this common epileptic encephalopathy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChildhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is the most common idiopathic focal epilepsy syndrome, characterized by self-limited focal seizures and cognitive symptoms. Here, we provide the first evidence that focal thalamocortical circuit dysfunction underlies the shared seizures and cognitive dysfunction observed. In doing so, we identify sleep spindles as a mechanistic biomarker, and potential treatment target, of cognitive dysfunction in this common developmental epilepsy and provide a novel method to reliably quantify spindles in brain recordings from patients with epilepsy.
Cross-Hemispheric Complementary Prefrontal Mechanisms during Task Switching under Perceptual Uncertainty
Authors: Tsumura Kaho , Aoki Ryuta , Takeda Masaki , Nakahara Kiyoshi , Jimura Koji
Published: January 2021

Flexible adaptation to changing environments is a representative executive control function implicated in the frontoparietal network that requires appropriate extraction of goal-relevant information through perception of the external environment. It remains unclear, however, how the flexibility is achieved under situations where goal-relevant information is uncertain. To address this issue, the current study examined neural mechanisms for task switching in which task-relevant information involved perceptual uncertainty. Twenty-eight human participants of both sexes alternated behavioral tasks in which they judged motion direction or color of visually presented colored dot stimuli that moved randomly. Task switching was associated with frontoparietal regions in the left hemisphere, and perception of ambiguous stimuli involved contralateral homologous frontoparietal regions. On the other hand, in stimulus-modality-dependent occipitotemporal regions, task coding information was increased during task switching. Effective connectivity analysis revealed that the frontal regions signaled toward the modality-dependent occipitotemporal regions when a relevant stimulus was more ambiguous, whereas the occipitotemporal regions signaled toward the frontal regions when the stimulus was more distinctive. These results suggest that complementary prefrontal mechanisms in the left and right hemispheres help to achieve a behavioral goal when the external environment involves perceptual uncertainty.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn our daily life, environmental information to achieve a goal is not always certain, but we make judgments in such situations, and change our behavior accordingly. This study examined how the flexibility of behavior is achieved in a situation where goal-relevant information involves perceptual uncertainty. fMRI revealed that the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the left hemisphere is associated with behavioral flexibility, and the perception of ambiguous stimuli involves the PFC in the right hemisphere. These bilateral PFC signaled to stimulus-modality-dependent occipitotemporal regions, depending on perceptual uncertainty and the task to be performed. These top-down signals supplement task coding in the occipitotemporal regions, and highlight interhemispheric prefrontal mechanisms involved in executive control and perceptual decision-making.
Circadian Melatonin Secretion In Obese Adolescents With Or Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Berdina Olga N. , Madaeva Irina M. , Bolshakova Svetlana E. , Tsykunova Maria V. , Sholokhov Leonid F. , Rashidova Maria A. , Bugun Olga V. , Rychkova Lyubov V.
Published: January 2021

Objective — To compare melatonin levels in saliva during a 24-hr day in order to identify the specificities of circadian melatonin secretion in obese adolescents with or without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Material and Methods — We examined 18 obese adolescents with OSA, 12 obese adolescents without OSA, and 15 healthy adolescents with a normal body weight, from whom saliva was sampled four time during the 24-hr day. Polysomnography was used to diagnose OSA. Saliva samples (n=180) were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results — Obese adolescents with OSA had higher evening melatonin levels than obese adolescents without OSA. For example, this indicator in OSA patients was 5.3 times higher than in participants without OSA, who had the lowest evening melatonin level among all groups. In both obese groups, nighttime melatonin levels were significantly lower than in the control group. A positive correlation was detected between the levels of morning and afternoon melatonin and body mass index only in obese adolescents without OSA (r=0.58; p=0.03 and r=0.68; p=0.01, respectively). It was found that evening melatonin correlated with minimum blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) in the entire sample of adolescents with OSA (r=-0.69; p=0.008), and it also correlated with time with SaO2 <90% in the group with clinical manifestations of OSA (r=0.76; p=0.003). Nighttime melatonin levels negatively correlated with the minimum SaO2 value solely in the group with clinical manifestations of OSA (r=-0.58; p=0.035). Conclusion — The circadian melatonin secretion in obese adolescents differed, depending on the presence or absence of OSA, and correlated with the level of oxygen desaturation in OSA patients, to a greater extent – in the presence of clinical manifestations.
Health Information Prescription System For Non Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review And Thematic Analysis
Authors: Nabiolahi Abdolahad , Sedghi Shahram , Aghili Rokhsareh , Nemati-Anaraki Leila
Published: January 2021

Objective ― Prescribing health information is very important to empower informed patients. The goal of present study is to recognize challenges for developing health information prescription on non-communicable diseases. Material and Methods ― Six data bases related to health information prescription were investigated. They included Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid and EMBASE. The investigated studies were published from 2000 to 2019. The language of the articles was English and the access to full text was one of the inclusion criteria. The research was evaluated by Prisma checklist and critical apprising. Different dimensions of health Information prescription system were recognized by thematic analysis. Results ― 54 studies were recognized based on the inclusion criteria. The results showed that there were three main concepts related to primary dimensions of the system in designing health information prescription system: determination of system functional goals, recognition of implementation barriers and recognition of developmental sub-structures. There were 16 subcategories including primary goals for accessibility, the concerns related to patients information confidentiality, individual differences and interests and personalizing the process of information prescription, the lack of integrity in health Information system for providing pattern of health Information system related to diabetic patients. Conclusion ― The goals, implementing barriers and functional substructures of health information prescription system should be recognized in order to improve self-care behaviors of diabetic patients in clinic. It is recommended that the future investigations focus on research gaps in personalizing health information prescription and integration of health information prescription process in health care system.
Optimizing Diet Of Children With Mental Disorders
Authors: Lugovaya Elena A. , Averyanova Inessa V.
Published: January 2021

When monitoring principles of nutrition for children with mental health problems who study in specialized institutions of the Russian Federation or live in boarding schools, it has been revealed that there is no special adapted diet for them. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), unbalanced diets along with lifestyle habits are the main risk factors for chronic diseases, which can develop together with disorders in intellectual and cognitive abilities. Our objective was to study reference data for identifying and summarizing the nutritional characteristics typical for children requiring special medical care. The review has presented data of foreign and national authors, as well as data obtained with the “Arktika” Research Scientific Center of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, on the elemental status observed in children with autism spectrum disorders, and the nutritional characteristics of the diet kept by residents of Magadan Region under conditions of the Far North. Based on the data, we have made some recommendations for optimizing diet for children with mental disorders.
Effect Of Local Modulation In Enzymatic Homeostasis On Bone Turnover Marker Dynamics In Blood At Substituting Femur Defects With Vaterite Scaffolds
Authors: Ivanov Aleksey N. , Chibrikova Yuliya A. , Saveleva Mariia S. , Ostrovskij Vladimir V. , Norkin Igor A.
Published: January 2021

The goal of this research was the investigation of concentration changes in the blood bone turnover markers during local modulation of enzymatic homeostasis by means of targeted delivery of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with polycaprolactone (PCL) and vaterite (VT) scaffolds implanted into the femur defects in white rats. Material and Methods ― The tests of PCL/VT/ALP scaffold implantations into the bone defects were performed on 30 white rats, and the serum of intact animals was used as the control. ELISA and multiplex assay were used to find inflammatory and bone turnover markers including monocyte chemoattractant-1, sclerostin, fibroblast growth factor-23, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, β-сross laps and the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b in the blood of experimental animals. The activity of serum ALP was tested with the conventional kinetic method. The morphology of the reparative processes was verified by microscopy of specimens taken from the implantation areas and stained with hematoxylin or eosin. Results ― The PCL/VT/ALP scaffold implantations into the bone defects of white rats caused active osteogenesis along with the steady rise in osteocalcin concentration in blood. ALP activity in the blood did not depend on the exogenous enzyme in the scaffold and rose by the 28th day after the implantations. The targeted ALP delivery into the defect area caused the rise in CTGF concentration as well as the decrease in blood sclerostin within a short time after the implantations. Conclusion ― The modulation of the local enzyme homeostasis by means of the targeted ALP delivery with PCL/VT scaffolds stimulated reparative osteogenesis within a short time after the implantations with no changes to the bloodstream or local inflammatory changes suggesting their biocompatibility and the safety in use.
Pancreatic Cancer: Statistics And Treatment In The Russian Federation
Authors: Zharikov Yury O. , Zemlyakova Svetlana S. , Kiseleva Yana V. , Zharikova Tatiana S. , Antonyan Sevak G. , Tupikin Kirill A. , Nikolenko Vladimir N.
Published: January 2021

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal types of oncological disease in the world and is an extremely aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. The objective of this review was to analyze the domestic data of the incidence of PC in the Russian Federation and to analyze the protocols that are used for the management of this group of patients in Russian clinical centers. For the analysis of the literature sources, the data in the elibrary.ru database published in the period from 2015 to 2019 were used. The methodology that was used in each study was examined in order to ensure its reliability, and these data were selected as potential sources of evidence for the preparation of national recommendations. The study results influence the level of evidence assigned to the publication. Updates to the national recommendations are conducted at least once every three years, and these updates depend on new information about the diagnosis and management of patients with PC.
Risk Factor Analysis And Method Development For Predicting The Recurrence Of Gastroduodenal Ulcer Bleeding
Authors: Potakhin Sergey N. , Shapkin Yuri G.
Published: January 2021

Objective — To clarify clinical, laboratory and endoscopic signs of a high recurrence risk of gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding (GDUB) and to develop a multifactorial method for its prediction. Material and Methods — The research was completed over 2019-2020. The study took place in two stages. At the first stage, 409 patients with GDUB, who were treated at the emergency surgical department of Saratov City Clinical Hospital No. 6 from 1991 to 2000, were included in the study. During that time, endoscopic hemostasis therapy was used in a few cases, while modern antisecretory therapy has not yet been developed and carried out. Two groups of patients were compared: with recurrent bleeding (104 patients) and without recurrent bleeding (305 patients). At the second stage, a retrospective analysis of the outcomes of treating 126 patients with GDUB, cared for at the clinic from 2001 to 2009, was carried out. During this period of time, assistance for this pathology was the most complete and matched all current standards. The analysis included 63 patients with recurrent bleeding and 63 patients without recurrent bleeding. We conducted a comparative analysis of the developed method for predicting bleeding recurrence versus the classifications by J.A. Forrest (1974) and G.P. Giderim (1992) in our original modification. Results — At the first stage of the study, the most significant signs for predicting recurrent bleeding were identified as unstable hemodynamics, severity of blood loss, nature of vomiting, presence of concomitant pathology, state of the ulcer surface sensu J.A. Forrest; and localization, size and depth of the ulcer. We determined their informative value in assessing the risk of recurrent bleeding and developed a novel method of its prediction. Taken alone, each of nine predictive signs has a correlation, comparable in the magnitude with patient allocation into each group (based on the absolute value of gamma, ranging 0.49–0.66); the prediction accuracy is 60–74%, with a positive predictive value of 35-49%. The measure of the gamma relationship for splitting patients among groups by the original method based on nine features in conjunction with each other was -0.79 (p<0.001). Conclusion — Prediction of recurrent bleeding by one or two signs is inferior in informational content (although insignificantly) to the multifactorial method. The developed method for predicting the recurrence of ulcer bleeding from nine signs has an optimal ratio of sensitivity and specificity, which ensures a prediction accuracy of over 70% and a positive predictive value of 68.9%.
The Implementation of Healthy Food Diet for High-Risk Pregnant Woman (Amaris) Class on The Level of Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Woman
Authors: Rina Diyah Alva , Meliati Linda
Published: January 2021

High-risk pregnant women is a period where pregnant women can experience a variety of risks that are influenced by various factors. If a pregnant woman has more knowledge about the high risk of pregnancy then it is likely that mothers will think of overcoming the problem of risk of pregnancy. High-risk pregnant class mothers with a Healthy Food Diet High Risk Pregnant Women (AMARIS). is one of the means to increase mothers' knowledge and attitudes about pregnancy care. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of high-risk classes of pregnant women on the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers about pregnancy care. This study used a pre-experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest, with a total sample of 30 people. The results of the study showed an increase in the average score of knowledge and attitudes after being given a class of resting pregnant women. The average knowledge score before resti pregnant women class was 71.77, while thereafter increased to 88.22. The average score before resting pregnant women for attitude was 72.66, while after that it increased to 77.83. There is an influence of AMARIS class on the level of knowledge and attitudes of high risk pregnant women with p value = 0,000. There is an influence of the Amaris class on the level of knowledge and attitudes of high-risk pregnant women.
Insomnia and Quality of Life in The Elderly: WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD Indonesian Version
Authors: Bangun Binar Cinta Kristialzy , Gondodiputro Sharon , Andayani Santi
Published: January 2021

In Indonesia, the elderly are someone who has reached the age of 60 years old and over. Along with the aging, there will be changes in sleep pattern and awakening process so that insomnia will appear. Insomnia can cause decrease in quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between insomnia and quality of life in elderly which measured by WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD Indonesian version. The quantitative analytical cross-sectional study had been carried out to 60 elderly from 6 public health centers (puskesmas) in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. This study was conducted from August to November 2019. Insomnia was measured by Insomnia Severity Index and quality of life was measured by WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD Indonesian version. The Spearman correlation test was used for data analysis. This study discovered that the proportion of insomnia in the elderly  was 36,7%(95%ci:24.5%-48.9%).the correlation coefficient between insomnia and quality of life was -0,386 (WHOQOL-BREF) and -0,302 (WHOQOL-OLD). It can be concluded that the proportion of insomnia in the elderly is high and  there is a correlation between insomnia and quality of life even though the correlation is weak.
Energy Intake was The Dominant Factor Associated with Wasting among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Pagedangan, Tangerang District
Authors: Werdani Aprilya Roza , Utari Diah Mulyawati
Published: January 2021

Wasting yang diukur dengan indeks BB/PB atau BB/TB merupakan salah satu bentuk malnutrisi yang ditandai dengan penurunan status gizi yang cepat dalam waktu singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan wasting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan pengukuran antropometri dan wawancara kuesioner. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proporsi wasting adalah 17,0%. Dari 153 anak usia 6-23 bulan, 7,8% memiliki berat lahir rendah, 44,4% memiliki riwayat penyakit infeksi, dan 32,0% mengalami deficit energi. Proporsi anak yang tidak mencapai minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet adalah 43,1%, 15,7%, and 52,9%. Analisis multivariat regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa riwayat penyakit infeksi (OR 2,930; 95% CI 1,173-7,323) dan asupan energi tidak adekuat (OR 5,785; 95% CI 1,269-26,382) memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan wasting. Asupan energi tidak adekuat merupakan faktor dominan wasting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang.
Performance of Papua Petanque Athletes Facing Covid-19
Authors: Kurdi Kurdi , Qomarrullah Rif'iy , Putra I Putu Eka Wijaya
Published: January 2021

This research is a new paradigm mix method by combining grounded theory and case study construction, which involved 11 elite Papuan petanque athletes, data taken from March to May 2020. Data instruments using physical test data, observations, questionnaires, documents, and interviews . Data analysis combines two elements, namely: qualitative, and quantitative. Then the results and discussion in this study are: (1) The health quality of athletes experiencing problems, this is marked by an increase in the proportion of body weight; (2) The physical quality of the athlete experienced a decrease in physical quality before the occurrence of a pandemic above 81.80% and dropped to below 72.70%; (3) Psychologically, when viewed from the aspect of motivation (institutions and extrinsic), it is categorized as high during the pandemic. This research empirically provides a description of the impact received as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak in sports achievements.