bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction and control of symmetry breaking in embryoid bodies by environment and signal integration
Authors: Sagy Naor , Slovin Shaked , Allalouf Maya , Pour Maayan , Savyon Gaya , Boxman Jonathan , Nachman Iftach
Published: October 2019

During early embryogenesis, mechanical constraints and localized biochemical signals co-occur around anteroposterior axis determination and symmetry breaking. Their relative roles, however, are hard to tease apart in vivo. Using Brachyury (Bra), a primitive streak and mesendoderm marker in EBs, we study how contact, biochemical and neighboring cell cues affect the positioning of a primitive streak-like locus, determining the AP axis. We show that a Bra-competent layer must be formed in the EB before Bra expression initiates, and that Bra onset locus position is biased by contact points of the EB with its surrounding, likely through chemical cues modulation rather than by mechanical signaling. We can push or pull Bra onset away from contact points by introducing a separate localized Wnt signal source, maneuver Bra onset to a few loci, or to an isotropic peripheral pattern. Finally, we show Foxa2+ cells are predictive of the future location of Bra onset, demonstrating an earlier symmetry-breaking event. Our analysis of factors affecting symmetry breaking and spatial fate choice during this developmental process may prove valuable for in vitro differentiation and organoid formation.
“Whatever It Takes” Is All You Need: Monetary Policy and Debt Fragility
Authors: Camous Antoine , Cooper Russell
Published: October 2019

The valuation of government debt is subject to strategic uncertainty. Pessimistic lenders, fearing default, bid down the price of debt, leaving a government with a higher debt burden. This increases the likelihood of default, thus confirming the pessimism of lenders. Can monetary interventions mitigate debt fragility? With one-period commitment to a state-contingent policy, the monetary authority can indeed overcome strategic uncertainty. Under discretion, debt fragility remains unless reputation effects are sufficiently strong. Simpler forms of interventions, such as an inflation target, cannot eliminate debt fragility. (JEL E31, E43, E52, E62, G01, H63)
RiD: Uma Nova Abordagem para o Cálculo do Risco de Insolvência
Authors: Sanfins Marco Aurélio dos Santos , Monte-Mor Danilo Soares
Published: October 2019

Diante das recentes crises internacionais e do aumento do número de pedidos de recuperação judicial, vários autores têm buscado indicadores que detectem de forma mais eficiente probabilidades de insolvência. As principais métricas utilizadas, entretanto, estão baseadas em modelos que não levam em consideração a qualidade dos recebíveis e os níveis de severidade entre descasamentos de diferentes períodos. Neste trabalho é formalizada matematicamente uma abordagem para o cálculo do risco de insolvência, de forma que sejam considerados a qualidade dos ativos associados e o grau de severidade entre descasamentos. Através de simulações de Monte Carlo e de exemplos hipotéticos, verificou-se que a nova medida foi capaz de capturar os efeitos dos descasamentos. Além disso, nossos resultados sugerem que a ausência de uma distribuição harmoniosa entre ativos e passivos pode incitar um aumento do risco de insolvência, ainda que o total de ativos a valor presente seja superior ao total de passivos.
Avaliações numéricas das inferências no modelo Beta-Skew-t-EGARCH
Authors: Muller Fernanda Maria , Bayer Fábio Mariano
Published: October 2019

O modelo Beta-Skew-t-EGARCH foi recentemente proposto para modelar a volatilidade de retornos financeiros. A estimação dos parâmetros do modelo é feita via máxima verossimilhança. Esses estimadores possuem boas propriedades assintóticas, mas em amostras de tamanho finito seus desempenhos podem ser pobres. Com a finalidade de avaliar as propriedades em amostras de tamanho finito dos estimadores pontuais e do teste da razão de verossimilhanças proposto para testar a presença de dois componentes de volatilidade, realizou-se um estudo de simulações de Monte Carlo. Os resultados numéricos indicam que o estimadores de máxima verossimilhança de alguns parâmetros do modelo são consideravelmente viesados em amostras inferiores a 3000. A avaliação numérica do teste de dois componentes proposto, em termos de tamanho e poder do teste, evidenciou sua utilidade prática. Ao final do trabalho foi realizada uma aplicação a dados reais do teste de dois componentes proposto e do modelo Beta-Skew-t-EGARCH.
Avaliação da Curva de Juros Empregando Extensões do Modelo de Diebold & Li com Três Fatores
Authors: Neto Alberto Ronchi , Candido Osvaldo
Published: October 2019

Esse trabalho avalia métodos que utilizam o Filtro de Kalman para estimar extensões do modelo original de Diebold and Li (2006) em sua representação espaço-estado, empregando a equação de Nelson and Siegel (1987) como equação de medida e diferentes especificações para a equação de transição que governa a dinâmica dos fatores nível, inclinação e curvatura. Os modelos avaliados consideram as seguintes estruturas nas equações de transição: (1) especificação AR(1), impondo matriz de covariância diagonal para os resíduos; (2) especificação VAR(1), impondo matriz de covariância calculada com decomposição de Cholesky; (3) extensão da especificação VAR(1), incluindo variáveis associadas à Paridade Coberta da Taxa de Juros (PCTJ); (4) extensão da especificação VAR(1), introduzindo componentes de volatilidade estocástica. Destacam-se como principais resultados: (1) ao avaliar a dinâmica das variáveis latentes, a curvatura foi o fator mais sensível à incorporação da volatilidade condicional; (2) em termos gerais, embora o modelo que impõem uma estrutura de vetores autorregressivos simples para a equação de transição tenha sido o que apresentou melhor desempenho fora da amostra para a maioria de maturidades e horizontes de projeção, a extensão dessa especificação incluindo as variáveis associadas à PCTJ conseguiu se sobressair em alguns dos exercícios realizados.
The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns in Brazil
Authors: Varga Gyorgy , Brito Ricardo Dias de Oliveira
Published: October 2019

In a sample of the Brazilian stock market from 1999 to 2015, this paper shows that the book-to-market and momentum of individual firms capture some of the cross-sectional variation in average stock returns, while the market β and size do not play a role. The positive relation of cross-section of returns with book-to-market is more evident earlier, while the positive relation with momentum is stronger later in the sample. However, because none of these characteristics show explanatory power for all the subsamples studied, we are not fully convinced that they capture fundamental risk factors.
Nonparametric Estimation of Risk-Neutral Distribution via the Empirical Esscher Transform
Authors: Pereira Manoel , Veiga Alvaro
Published: October 2019

This paper introduces an empirical version of the Esscher transform for nonparametric option pricing. Traditional parametric methods require the formulation of an explicit risk-neutral model and are operational only for a few probability distributions for the returns of the underlying asset. In our proposal, we make only mild assumptions on the price kernel and there is no need for the formulation of the risk-neutral model. First, we simulate sample paths for the returns under the physical measure P. Then, based on the empirical Esscher transform, the sample is reweighted, giving rise to a risk-neutralized sample from which derivative prices can be obtained by a weighted sum of the options’ payoffs in each path. We analyze our proposal in experiments with artificial and real data.
Pedidos de Recuperação Judicial no Brasil: Uma Explicação com Variáveis Econômicas
Authors: Brunassi Silva Vinicius Augusto , Oliveira Sampaio Joelson , Gallucci Netto Humberto
Published: October 2019

Este artigo analisa a relação entre pedidos de recuperação judicial e variáveis macroeconômicas no Brasil. Utilizando uma amostra de 131 planos de recuperação judicial, dados sobre a quantidade de pedidos de recuperação judicial e variáveis macroeconômicas entre 2005 e 2015, os resultados sugerem que: i) custo de capital elevado e dificuldade para conseguir empréstimos estão entre as principais justificativas apontadas pelas empresas para a solicitação do pedido de recuperação judicial. O resultado é consistente para empresas de diferente porte e setor de atuação; ii) existe relação positiva entre o custo de captação das empresas e o número de pedidos de recuperação judicial; iii) existe relação negativa entre o crédito total disponível na economia e o número de pedidos de recuperação judicial e; iv) aferimos relação positiva entre câmbio e o número de pedidos de recuperação judicial.
Identifying Two Distinct Previously Undiagnosed Cancers Within a Single Osseous Lesion
Authors: Maguire Kathleen J. , Lajara Sigfred , Villanueva-Siles Esperanza , Chan Ferdinand J. , Geller David S.
Published: October 2019

A 71-year-old man presented with a distal femur lesion. Workup was positive for elevated prostate-specific antigen, serum protein electrophoresis, and urine protein electrophoresis. He underwent distal femoral resection, and histological evaluation was consistent with concomitant metastatic prostate cancer and multiple myeloma.
Engine Exhaust Heat Device for Terminating Cover Crops in No-Till Vegetable Systems
Authors: Kornecki Ted S. , Prior Stephen A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Sustainable no-till practices utilize cover crops to protect the soil surface and to improve soil properties. Proper cover crop management is the key for successful planting of the main crop directly into cover crop residue without interfering with planting operations. In the Southern United States, the recommended time to plant cash crops into desiccated residue cover is typically three weeks after cover crop termination when the termination rate exceeds 90%; this minimizes nutrient competition between cover and cash crops. The standard method to manage cover crops is mechanical termination utilizing rollers/crimpers. This technique flattens and crimp plants to expedite termination. Another method that has been used in agriculture is to injure (desiccate) plants utilizing an external heat source. An example of utilizing an external heat source has been used in vegetable production for weed control. However, there is a need to evaluate another heat source such as exhaust heat generated by internal combustion engines (which otherwise is completely wasted) for cover crop termination effectiveness. To achieve cover crop termination with exhaust heat, a prototype was invented on board a walk-behind tractor powered by a single cylinder gasoline engine from which exhaust heat was funneled from the exhaust manifold to a perforated steel rectangular tube maintaining 204°C against a flattened cover crop to damage plant tissue. The heat pusher was equipped with electric heater strips to provide supplemental heating. Three electric heater strips (front, middle, back relative to the direction of travel) were supplied with electrical energy by a generator powered by the tractor’s PTO and generated temperatures of 379°C to 421°C with a temperature transfer efficiency of 83% to 91%. The performance of the unit with and without supplemental heating was compared with standard mechanical roller/crimper. Results demonstrated that using the exhaust heat concept can be a viable option to terminate cover crops. The exhaust heat transferring channel could be better insulated to exceed the lower 23% temperature transfer efficiency achieved by the device. Cover crop termination data during three weeks of evaluation indicated that the heat-based system was as effective as a mechanical roller/crimper. Keywords: Cereal rye, Cover crop termination, Crimson clover, Exhaust heat, Flattening cover crops, Heat transfer, Heater, Plant termination.
Impeller Blower Performance in Conveying Broiler Litter
Authors: Way Thomas R. , Tewolde Haile , Watts Dexter B.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Broadcast application is the typical application method for poultry litter, which is a mixture of poultry manure and a bedding material. Applying poultry litter in subsurface bands reduces concentrations of nutrients from the litter in surface runoff water, reduce loss of ammonia to volatilization, and has been shown to increase cotton lint yield, relative to conventional broadcast application. An impeller blower was developed for conveying poultry litter a short distance horizontally and downward to the soil. When relatively dry pine shavings-based broiler litter with a moisture content of 27% w.b. was used, and the impeller speed was 930 r min-1 [14.9 m s-1 (48.9 ft s-1) circumferential speed], the blower performed well conveying litter at a rate of 1.2 kg s-1 (2.6 lb s-1) [0.88 kg dry matter s-1 (1.9 lb dry matter s-1)]. The blower performance was unsatisfactory, however, when relatively moist litter with a moisture content of 45% w.b. was used because the litter adhered to the interior of the blower outlet and clogged the outlet. The blower was mounted beneath a litter hopper, and safety of people in the vicinity of the blower is a concern if the litter contains rocks or other hard objects, and there is no shield to prevent these objects from being flung upward, out of the hopper, from the blower inlet. When the blower was run at 889 ± 14 r min-1 without any litter, so it was conveying only air, as the area of the circular blower inlet increased by a factor of 25 from 0.00051 to 0.0127 m2 (0.79 to 19.6 in.2), the mean outlet air velocity increased by a factor of 4.0 from 3.0 to 12.0 m s-1 (9.8 to 39.4 ft s-1). The blower conveyed dry litter successfully for a single-band implement [1.2 kg s-1 (2.6 lb s-1) mass flow rate at 930 r min-1 impeller speed], for subsurface band application of poultry litter. Mesh chain conveyors, however, perform better for litter moisture contents up to 40% w.b. The mass flow rate of litter, up to 40% w.b. moisture content, can be controlled quite well with mesh chain conveyors (litter mass flow rate coefficients of variation typically 5% or less), but is more difficult to control with this impeller blower. Keywords: Animal waste, Band application, Impeller blower, Manures, Manure application equipment, Pneumatic conveying, Poultry manure, Subsurface banding.
A variação denominativa no discurso especializado do universo da cana-de-açúcar: a pertinência de dados orais na pesquisa terminológica
Authors: Serra Luís Henrique
Published: October 2019

Este artigo relata uma pesquisa sobre a variação denominativa no discurso especializado do agrônomo que trabalha com a cana-de-açúcar. O estudo mostra a relevância do canal comunicativo (oralidade ou escrita) na variação encontrada no discurso do agrônomo em diferentes contextos especializados. Parte-se das discussões apresentadas pela Terminologia Descritivista e entende-se a variação como algo natural dentro dos estudos terminológicos. O corpus utilizado é constituído de dados orais e escritos produzidos por especialistas em cana-de-açúcar em diferentes circunstâncias de comunicação especializada. Os dados mostram que a oralidade e a escrita são relevantes para a variação encontrada.
Similarities Between Stem Cell Niches in Glioblastoma and Bone Marrow: Rays of Hope for Novel Treatment Strategies
Authors: Hira Vashendriya V.V. , Breznik Barbara , Vittori Miloš , Loncq de Jong Annique , Mlakar Jernej , Oostra Roelof-Jan , Khurshed Mohammed , Molenaar Remco J. , Lah Tamara , Van Noorden Cornelis J.F.
Published: October 2019

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Slowly dividing and therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside in protective peri-arteriolar niches and are held responsible for glioblastoma recurrence. Recently, we showed similarities between GSC niches and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in bone marrow. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells hijack HSC niches and are transformed into therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Current clinical trials are focussed on removal of LSCs out of HSC niches to differentiate and to become sensitized to chemotherapy. In the present study, we elaborated further on these similarities by immunohistochemical analyses of 17 biomarkers in paraffin sections of human glioblastoma and human bone marrow. We found all 17 biomarkers to be expressed both in hypoxic peri-arteriolar HSC niches in bone marrow and hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches in glioblastoma. Our findings implicate that GSC niches are being formed in glioblastoma as a copy of HSC niches in bone marrow. These similarities between HSC niches and GSC niches provide a theoretic basis for the development of novel strategies to force GSCs out of their niches, in a similar manner as in AML, to induce GSC differentiation and proliferation to render them more sensitive to anti-glioblastoma therapies.
Derechos humanos y memoria entre los familiares de represores en la Argentina
Authors: Salvi Valentina
Published: October 2019

Luego de la reactivación de los juicios por crímenes de lesa humanidad en 2006 en Argentina surgieron diversas organizaciones de familiares, amigos y compañeros de armas dedicadas a apoyar y defender a militares y policías procesados y condenados por violaciones a los derechos humanos. A partir del análisis de las estrategias y argumentos utilizados para impugnar la legitimidad de los juicios por crímenes de lesa humanidad y mejorar la situación procesal y penal de sus seres queridos, el presente artículo se propone dar cuenta del uso y resignificación que estas agrupaciones de familiares hacen del paradigma de los derechos humanos y de la narrativa humanitaria. Además, el interés de este artículo es identificar el vínculo que este nuevo repertorio de reclamos y demandas mantiene con aspectos significativos de las luchas por la memoria en Argentina: el lugar de los lazos familiares, la centralidad de la figura de la víctima y el lenguaje del sufrimiento. Por último, con el análisis del activismo y de las memorias de estas agrupaciones se busca aportar al estudio sobre la figura del perpetrador y de la víctima en las sociedades pos-dictatoriales.
Residential Facilities for Psychosocial Rehabilitation: Planning Permit Regulations and Social Inclusion
Authors: Chrysikou Evangelia , Savvopoulou Eleftheria , Everett Glyn
Published: October 2019

Mental illness affects one in four people at some point in their lives, and the incidence is increasing. Yet institutions are still responsible for preventing mentally ill people from having integrated lives in the community. Existing planning legislation might contribute to this. A potential mechanism is the requirement for non-residential use of land for mental health accommodation and the consequent characterisation of accommodation as ‘special buildings’. However, change in mental health accommodation planning and licensing legislation could be more enabling for people’s social integration. This paper explores the planning legislation of Greece, a country with an extensive network of community-based mental health facilities, the consequences of planning legislation for the actual integration of its mentally ill people and how alterations to the change of use legislation for accommodation for mental health affected the national integration outcome.

The research was top-down, led by the European Commission and the Ministry of Health. The sample comprised 112 out of 116 community-based facilities. The research highlighted those elements in the existing planning legislation that favoured segregated institutions. The uses of land framework promoted the development of mental health accommodation in buildings designed for other purposes (industrial, logistics or offices) or in segregated areas. The research identified planning legislation as a key disabler of social inclusion. Then, alternatives were tested, including the redefinition of uses – a change that initially generated functional complications. The condition of altering uses alone proved inadequate, so new design guidelines were introduced to act as quality control mechanisms – a set of fit-for-purpose guidelines incorporated into national legislation.
Histochemical characteristics of aldosteromas and adrenal tissue of patients with primary hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Bronstein M E , Chikhladze N M
Published: October 2019

The authors analyze the data of histochemical examinations of 30 patients with tumorous and nontu- morous forms of low-renin hyperaldosteronism, as well as the findings of clinical and hormonal examinations of these patients. The activities of enzymes involved in steroidogenesis (3-pOSD, NAD and NADP tetrazoleum reductases, G-6-PD) were measured, as were levels and distribution patterns of lipids involved in steroidogenesis (free and bound cholesterol, etc.). A high functional activity of aldosteromas of any structure was proved, and a trend to increase of steroidogenic activity of malignant aldosteromas demonstrated. Atrophic changes in the cortex adjacent to aldosteroma were found to involve no reduction of adrenal tissue functional activity. In contrast to this, hyperplastic changes in the cortex adjacent to adenoma were characterized by a lower level of functional activity as against adrenal tissue activity in nontumorous hyperaldosteronism. The authors come to a conclusion that adrenocortical elements hyperplasia associated with some aldosteromas does not participate in aldosterone hyperproduction whereas hyperaldosteronism in nontumorous variants is caused by cortical cell hyperplasia and hormone hyperproduction.
The effect of chronic stress on collagen metabolism in rat bone tissue with alloxan diabetes
Authors: Savinova N. V. , Butolin E. G.
Published: October 2019

The study was undertaken to examine the time course of changes in the parameters of collagen metabolism in the bone of rats with alloxan diabetes under chronic stress. The levels of free hydroxyproline, total collagen and its fractions were comparatively studied in the bone of rats with alloxan diabetes alone and in combination with immobilization stress. The concentrations of C-peptide and insulin were measured in the serum of experimental animals. In the studied tissues of rats with alloxan diabetes exposed to stress, the content of a neutrally salt-soluble fraction of collagen was less and that of the citrate-soluble fraction was higher than that in rats with isolated diabetes. The concentration of a neutrally salt-soluble fraction of collagen in the studied tissues correlated with the blood level of insulin in both experimental groups of animals throughout the experiment. The content of total collagen in the bone of rats with alloxan diabetes and an additional stress load was less than that in rats with isolated diabetes.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the hypothalamopituitary area in the diagnosis of neurogenic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Vorontsov A. V. , Vaks V. V. , Marova Ye. I. , Averkiyeva Ye. V. , Vladimirova V. P.
Published: October 2019

Fifty two patients (23 males and 29 females) with neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) were examined to define the role and specific features of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of hypothalamopituitary abnormalities in this disease retrospectively after establishing the diagnosis. The group understudy included patients who had symptoms of only DI (they had no signs of chiasm or hypopituitarism). The fol­lowing abnormalities were detected: no hyperintensive signal of the neurohypophysis body on T1-weighed images in 42.3%) of patients, bulky chiasmocellar masses in 13.6%), the empty ephippium in 15.3%), its structural abnormalities in 1.9%). Ab­normal MRI scans were absent in 26.9% of patients with neu­rogenic DI. Since DI may be the first and only symptom of hy­pothalamopituitary tumor lesion, a sensitive topical technicjue, such as MRI, should be applied. It was found that brain MRI revealed no hyperintensive signal from the neurohypophysis body on T1-weighed images in 61%) of the patients with idi­opathic DI, which may be a pathognomonic sign of idiopathic DI.
Novedad, innovación y éxito comercial de desarrollos tecnológicos. Caso HD-DVD versus Blu-Ray
Authors: Romero Betancur Jesus David
Published: October 2019

El desarrollo científico redunda casi obligatoriamente en desarrollos tecnológicos que, a su vez, se ven sometidos a las dinámicas de mercado a fin de lograr su reconocimiento e impacto; de esta forma, desde la generación de conocimiento hasta la consolidación de tecnologías, intervienen diferentes factores que influyen en la consolidación de unas u otras. En este contexto, el presente artículo presenta una innovación tecnológica exitosa en términos de mercado, proponiendo un análisis de su aparición y desarrollo a partir de las nociones de redes tecno-económicas.
Sistema de Laboratorios Remotos para la práctica de Ingeniería de Control
Authors: Mar-Cornelio Omar , Santana-Ching Iván , González-Gulín Jorge
Published: October 2019

En Cuba la formación de especialistas en automática se realiza mediante la carrera de Ingeniería en Automática, la cual tiene dentro de sus disciplinas fundamentales la de Sistemas de Control. Para el desarrollo de prácticas de laboratorios, los estudiantes trabajan en dispositivos físicos o remotos, presencial o a distancia, mediante Sistemas de Laboratorios Remoto (SLR). Sin embargo, las soluciones actuales no poseen soporte o son propietarias imposibilitando su implementación para el desarrollo de prácticas de Ingeniería de Control en el sistema educacional cubano. La presente investigación describe una solución al problema planteado a partir del desarrollo de un SLR que permite el desarrollo de prácticas de laboratorios de Ingeniería de Control. El sistema propuesto pone en funcionamiento la identificación de sistemas, sintonía de controladores y la ejecución de prácticas en dispositivos reales. Permite, además, un conjunto de reportes sobre los fenómenos analizados en cada práctica. Se aplicó una encuesta para medir el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios respecto a la propuesta desarrollada mediante la técnica Iadov, obteniéndose un alto nivel de satisfacción.
Teaching physics through contextualized concept cartoons
Authors: Reyes-Roncancio Jaime Duvan , Romero-Osma Gloria Patricia , Bustos-Velazco Edier Hernan
Published: October 2019

This document present the results of a research in the use of Cartoon in teaching of physics. The methodology of mixed approach, involved at first the design and use of Concept Contextualized Cartoons, as well their validation and implementation among groups of high school students. Secondly, a motivational scale regarding the use of cartoons and the teaching of physics was adapted and applied. The results describe the characteristics of the questions formulated by the students when interacting with the cartoon, specifically in relations the scientific knowledge associated to three phenomena of study: Atmospheric Electric discharges – Thunderbolt, Electric Current and Polarization. Furthermore, the cartoons didactic potential was identified in relation to the categories of the motivational scale, which highlights significant motivational levels associated with the relationship with life and the importance of the physics class.
OPTIMALIZATION OF LEGAL PROTECTION FOR FEMALE HOUSEMAIDS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Hardiyanti Marzellina , Purwanti Ani
Published: October 2019

Housemaids are one of the most vulnerable groups to violence and unfair wage. The problem is that, in Indonesia, female comprised 90% of the housemaids, thus making them even more vulnerable. Several cases of physical, psychological, and sexual violence that happened against housemaids are due to discriminative environment. This problem is what urges for the access of justice for female housemaids in Indonesia, thus the focus of this article. The research of this article used the normative legal approach based on literature studies and descriptive analysis towards the problem. The urgency of legal protection for female housemaids in Indonesia is caused by the prevalence of domestic violence and unfair compensation. Therefore, a comprehensive and exhaustive legal framework is needed to provide a sufficient access of justice mechanism for female housemaids, such as a legislative act specified for them. Rehabilitation is also a vital mechanism, especially to housemaids who suffered from violence by providing them temporary shelters, counseling, and protection from retalitation.
Antibacterial Activity of Loloh (Traditional Balinese Medicine) Decoction Water and Squeeze Water of betel Leaf against Bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes causes of sore throat
Authors: Sumarya I Made , Suarda I Wayan , Sudaryati Ni Luh Gede
Published: October 2019

Sore throat is a respiratory infection caused by a bacterial infection of Streptococcus pyogenes. Betel leaf is used for loloh (traditional medicine) which has antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of active compounds and the antibacterial activity of the boiled water and juice of betel leaf against Streptococcus pyogenes. Explorative research using GC-MS method was used to identify and determine the abundance (content) of active compounds from loloh while the experimental research with the Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design was carried out by treating the samples in four groups those are the negative control group with distilled water, the positive control group with 30 μg vancomycin, the treatment group with boiled water of betel leaf and betel leaf juice water to prove the antibacterial activity of loloh. The antibacterial activity data of the study results were analyzed statistically nonparametric through the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that the betel leaf boiled water contained 0.472% hydroxicavicol active compound and had an average antibacterial activity of 6.50±0.224 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Whilst the juice of betel leaves did not contain active compounds and had no antibacterial activity.
Preventive anticrisis strategy for development of industrial enterprise
Authors: Tarasova Hanna , Zaharov Sergey , Vereskun Mykhaylo , Kolosok Valeriia
Published: October 2019

It is established that under anticipatory management of industrial enterprises it is expedient to prevent the development of anticrisis strategies for counteracting the most probable crises for an industrial enterprise. At the same time, the main question is to determine when it is necessary to intensify these preventive anticrisis development strategies. To solve this problem, a scientific and methodical approach has been developed to intensify anticrisis strategies for the development of an industrial enterprise on the basis of weak signals, based on the use of a model for estimating the proximity of an industrial enterprise to a crisis state, and which provides for the preventive adaptation of an industrial enterprise to abrupt changes in the environment or changes in the development trajectory enterprises. It makes possible to assess the stability of the trajectory of development of the industrial enterprise at a specific time, and, accordingly, to carry out anticipatory management of the development of the industrial enterprise.
Software quality evaluation: a bibliometric analysis and future perspectives
Authors: Entringer Tulio Cremonini , Ferreira Ailton da Silva
Published: October 2019

The theme of “Software Quality Evaluation”, and its importance, concerns the standardization of the development processes, in order to guarantee a higher quality of the systems. In this scenario, this theme has gained importance in academic research, due to the emphasis that the theme has increasingly presented to organizations, since they understand that the main objective is to guarantee a final product that satisfies the expectations of the client. In order to verify the scientific scenario in recent years, this work aims to carry out a review of the literature on “Software Quality Evaluation”, based on a bibliometric analysis and review. For this, the method of bibliographic revision with four different phases proposed by Marasco (2008) was used. From the data extracted from the Scopus database, the results of the systematic review and bibliometric analysis were analyzed from the information on publications, citations and approaches of the papers that deal with this subject. As results, the present article showed the academic and practical importance of the studies on “Software Quality Evaluation”. In addition, it is possible to identify gaps in the scientific literature that can be filled by future work in the area, based on the studies developed by specialists.
Volume Bounds for the Quantitative Singular Strata of Non Collapsed RCD Metric Measure Spaces
Authors: Antonelli Gioacchino , Brué Elia , Semola Daniele
Published: October 2019

The aim of this note is to generalize to the class of non collapsed RCD(K, N) metric measure spaces the volume bound for the effective singular strata obtained by Cheeger and Naber for non collapsed Ricci limits in [13]. The proof, which is based on a quantitative differentiation argument, closely follows the original one. As a simple outcome we provide a volume estimate for the enlargement of Gigli-DePhilippis’ boundary ([20, Remark 3.8]) of ncRCD(K, N) spaces.
Kant’s Response to Hume’s Critique of Pure Reason
Authors: de Boer Karin
Published: October 2019

In this article I argue that Kant considered Hume’s account of causality in the Enquiry to be primarily relevant because it undermines proofs for the existence of God and, moreover, that this interpretation is plausible and text-based. What the Prolegomena calls ‘Hume’s problem’ is, I claim, the more general question as to whether metaphysics can achieve synthetic a priori knowledge of objects at all. Whereas Hume denied this possibility, I show how the solution Kant develops in the Critique of Pure Reason is in agreement with Hume’s critique of dogmatic metaphysics, but salvages the synthetic a priori principles he takes to be constitutive of empirical cognition.
On kernel-based estimation of conditional Kendall’s tau: finite-distance bounds and asymptotic behavior
Authors: Derumigny Alexis , Fermanian Jean-David
Published: October 2019

We study nonparametric estimators of conditional Kendall’s tau, a measure of concordance between two random variables given some covariates. We prove non-asymptotic pointwise and uniform bounds, that hold with high probabilities. We provide “direct proofs” of the consistency and the asymptotic law of conditional Kendall’s tau. A simulation study evaluates the numerical performance of such nonparametric estimators. An application to the dependence between energy consumption and temperature conditionally to calendar days is finally provided.
The Neuroscience of Creativity
Authors: Fink Andreas , Benedek Mathias
Published: October 2019

While earlier neuroscience studies on creativity have been criticized due to their heterogeneity of findings, recent studies in this field have converged to some common practices and methodological approaches, which have greatly contributed to enhance both the reliability and reproducibility of findings in this field. Relevant neuroscience findings suggest that creative cognition requires a conglomerate of neurocognitive processes involving executive functions, memory processes, internally-focused attention, or spontaneous modes of thought. Studies investigating creativity in more naturalistic, real-life settings reveal some overlap with conventional creative ideation, but also indicate that creativity and its underlying neural mechanisms are specific to the particular domain. Another trend in the neuroscience of creativity is concerned with approaches to enhance creativity, involving a broad diversity of interventions ranging from cognitively-oriented techniques to interventions using physical activity.
Time fractional modified KdV-type equations: Lie symmetries, exact solutions and conservation laws
Authors: He Fangqin , Li Lianzhong
Published: October 2019

In the paper, we research a time fractional modified KdV-type equations.We give the symmetry reductions and exact solutions of the equations, and we investigate the convergence of the solutions. In addition, the conservation laws of the equations are constructed.
Der deutsch-israelische Raketenstreit von 1978
Authors: Leber Hubert
Published: October 2019

Vorspann

Die Nachricht, dass Frankreich moderne Panzerabwehrraketen an Syrien liefere, sorgte 1978 für Unruhe in Israel. Produziert wurden die Flugkörper im Rahmen einer deutsch-französischen Rüstungskooperation. Daher forderte Israel von der Bundesregierung, das Waffengeschäft zu unterbinden. Es kam zu einem monatelangen Konflikt zwischen Bonn und Jerusalem, den Hubert Leber erstmals anhand von Archivquellen aus beiden Ländern untersucht. Die Analyse bietet Einsichten zur normativen Entwicklung der deutschen Rüstungsexport- und Israel-Politik. Nach außen gab sich die Regierung Schmidt/Genscher machtlos. Tatsächlich aber verzichtete sie darauf, eine Veto-Option auszuschöpfen, die sie sich intern gegen Exporte aus Partnerländer der Rüstungskooperation vorbehalten hatte. Zu den Folgen gehörte, dass israelische Soldaten im Libanonkrieg 1982 durch deutsche Militärtechnik verletzt oder getötet wurden.
Johannes der Täufer als bibeldidaktische Herausforderung und Chance
Authors: Heller Thomas
Published: October 2019

Auch wenn mittlerweile zahlreiche exegetische Publikationen über Johannes den Täufer vorliegen, so ist er doch in religionsdidaktischen Überlegungen nach wie vor nur bedingt im Blick. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert vor diesem Hintergrund auf der Basis exegetischer Orientierungen die Herausforderungen und Chancen, die mit einer religionsunterrichtlichen Thematisierung des Johannes verknüpft sind. Der Text vertritt die These, dass Leben, Botschaft und Wirkungsgeschichte des Johannes ein großes bibeldidaktisches Potential beinhalten, das verstärkt aufgegriffen werden sollte.
Decision-making for Canine Exposure: Literature Review and Suggestion of a Clinical Algorithm
Authors: Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Amid Reza , Ekhlasmand Kerman Mehdi , Hosseinpour Sepanta
Published: October 2019

The maxillary canines rank second after the third molars in terms of the frequency of impaction. The permanent canine teeth play a fundamental role in a functional occlusion and a balanced smile. This study aimed to review the literature and introduce clinical guidelines for surgical canine exposure techniques. The choice of treatment is influenced by several factors such as canine location, severity of impaction, patient’s age, and other considerations. There are three treatment options, namely observation, exposure and extraction. Based on the location of the impacted canine, the amount of keratinized gingiva and distance from the gingival margin, a flow diagram is introduced for decision-making to choose an appropriate surgical technique.
Experimental Evaluation of Strut-and-Tie Model of Anchorage Zone in Posttensioned Concrete Structures
Authors: Zhang Jia-Xuan , Hou Dong-Wei , Zhao Jian-Li , Shen Shui-Long , Horpibulsuk Suksun
Published: October 2019

This article presents a series of experimental investigations assuming the strut-and-tie model (STM) for anchorage zones in posttensioned concrete structures. The test design for concrete samples is based on finite element analysis for a prestressing process. For end anchorage specimens, the relative location of the reinforcement centroid with respect to the bursting force center was investigated. The test results indicate that the specimen with the coincident reinforcement centroid shows the best performance in resisting the tension load. The presence of spiral reinforcement in the region below the bearing plate results in a redistribution of internal stresses in the anchorage zone. Therefore, Mörsch’s model should be refined by moving the STM configuration down by a distance of a quarter of the anchor size. For the interior anchorage zone, the test results confirm that the modified International Federation for Prestressing model offers a safe but economical STM scheme for the interior anchorage zone.
Sport officiating recruitment, development, and retention: A call to action
Authors: Livingston Lori A. , Forbes Susan L. , Wattie Nick , Pearson Nicky , Camacho Tony , Varian Paul
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this article is to report on the outcome of a two-day consensus-building exercise amongst sport scientists and sport practitioners interested in the recruitment, development, and retention of sport officials.  Twenty participants including volunteers and paid employees affiliated with nine Ontario-based sport organizations, university researchers, and provincial government policy makers participated.  A consensus statement regarding this aspect of sport officiating and, more specifically, “What do we know?”, “What don’t we know?”, and “Where does the research need to go from here?” is presented.  A willingness to consider and embrace these ideas may be critical in moving sport officiating from being an understudied and undervalued segment of the sport system to receiving the attention and respect it deserves going forward.
Comparing the experiences and legacies of volunteers at the FIS Nordic Ski World Championships in Oslo 2011 and Val di Fiemme 2013
Authors: Schnitzer Martin , Kristiansen Elsa , Hanstad Dag Vidar
Published: October 2019

Volunteers play an important role in delivering events, especially events over a longer period of time. As example the FIS Nordic Ski World Championships (Nordic WSC) take place every two years in a member country of the International Ski Federation (FIS). These events usually last 12 days and combine competitions in cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic. Furthermore volunteers do also represent one of the biggest groups of stakeholders taking part at the event. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the experiences and legacies as perceived by volunteers at two events of the same type (Nordic WSC), but staged in two different places and two different cultural settings.Therefore, 29 volunteers were interviewed, whereat half at got interviewed at the FIS Nordic WSC Oslo ant the other half at the FIS Nordic WSC Val di Fiemme.The interviews underline that people volunteer for many different reasons, whereat Norwegian volunteers displayed a more individualistic orientation. Italian volunteers have a greater commitment to their local community. In addition Italian volunteers feel that FIS acknowledge them for the good organisation of the events. Other differences can be found in the field of community acknowledgement. Norwegian volunteers added that the Norwegian economy does not appreciate this type of experience and in Italy also Students had to volunteer, which was also appreciated by community.The results show that the retention rate may be higher in Val di Fiemme due to the WSC being a project-based undertaking. Hence, local community loyalty or simple hobbies could show an increase in retention. For future events further research should be undertaken in this field of research.
Influence of exclusive resistance training on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese children and adolescents: A systematic review update
Authors: Dietz Pavel , Ornik Michael , Watson Estelle , Van Poppel Mireille
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The aim of the present systematic review was to update a previous review, aiming at investigating the effects of exclusive resistance training on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors for obese or overweight children and adolescents and to report the efficiency of whole-body strength training in weight management and obesity prevention during adolescence. Method: Intervention studies that performed isolated resistance training with overweight or obese children and adolescents under 18 years of age were systematically reviewed. Body composition and cardiovascular risk factors constituted as the outcome measurements. Results: Five studies passed the inclusion criteria. All participants in treatment groups undertook supervised whole-body resistance training. The mean compliance was 87%. Four studies reported significant changes in body composition, with a decrease in mass, percentage body fat, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as well as a significant increase in fat free mass. Three studies analysed the effects on cardiovascular risk factors and two reported significant changes with a decrease in systolic blood pressure and IL-6 as well as a significant increase in adiponectin. Conclusion: A strength training intervention appears safe and tends to show positive effects for obese adolescents. Several significant changes were observed. A lack of studies and a small sample size of participants conducting an isolated strength training intervention made a safe interpretation difficult. Due to this, more studies are needed to analyse the role of exclusive resistance training in weight management for obese adolescents and its influence on cardiovascular risk factors.
A discussion of the Muscle Tuning and the Preferred Movement Path concepts – comment on Nigg et al.
Authors: Federolf Peter , Doix Aude-Clèmence M. , Jochum Daniel
Published: October 2019

Nigg and colleagues propose two new paradigms, the Muscle Tuning and the Preferred Movement Path concepts. The purpose of this commentary is to discuss plausibility and challenges of these two concepts. Both concepts are highly plausible from a mechanical point of view and they also go in line with every-day observations. The main challenges for the muscle tuning paradigm are that (a) this mechanism is only one of several mechanisms in how the body adapts to impacts, and (b) it is very difficult to develop testable predictions from this paradigm since the mechanical (vibrational) properties of the leg are highly subject-specific and complex. The main open questions regarding the preferred movement path paradigm relate to (a) its integration with the concepts for movement variability, and (b) to the circumstances under which the preferred movement path might change.
Effects of synchronous, auditory stimuli on running performance and heart rate
Authors: Pfleiderer Lisa Maria , Steidl-Müller Lisa , Schiltges Joe , Raschner Christian
Published: October 2019

Research has demonstrated that the human being tends to couple body movements and external, acoustic stimuli (metronome or music). This effect is called auditory-motor synchronization. Motivational music possesses qualities which distract from feelings like fatigue and exertion. Combining these two effects may enhance the sports performance even more. Investigations showed that runners can increase their original cadence up to 2%. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of accelerated, synchronized stimuli on the running performance. Therefore, 28 students (15 ♀, 13 ♂) of the Institute of Sports Science in Innsbruck were asked to do two cooper tests each. After run 1 (no auditory signal), the sample was divided into two groups. In run 2, which took place on a different day, one group listened to music while running; the other group was stimulated by the sound of a metronome. Distance (m) and average heartrate were measured. 75% of the athletes achieved a greater distance under the influence of an acoustic stimulus. In fact, the running distance changed significantly using an acoustic stimulus: +61 m (SD ± 100) or 2.1% (SD ± 3.6). In group 1 (music), the performance improved up to + 3.8% (SD ± 3.3). This difference was significant compared to group 2 (metronome). The average heart rate decreased by 1.5 beats (SD ± 5) from run 1 to run 2. Influenced by music, the average heart rate measured 179 beats (SD ± 8) in contrast to 182 beats (SD ± 10) in run 1 (no acoustic stimulus). If the tempo of the acoustic stimulus is adapted to the accelerated cadence of an athlete (maximum 2%), improved distances due to the synchronization effect can be achieved. In combination with the motivating qualities of music, improved effects in sport performances could be produced.