bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of Thin Film for Laser Polarization Beam Splitter
Authors: Fu Xiu Hua , Pan Yong Gang , Liu Dong Mei , Zhang Jing , Wang Xiao Juan
Published: May 2015

Based on the design theory of film stack,H4 and SiO2 were selected as the high and low refractive index materials respectively. Through optimization by Macleod and TFCalc software, plus considering the internal electric field intensity distribution of film and laser induced damage threshold as well,the beam-splitting film with Tp=65±5% and Ts=30±5% in the 600-700 band in condition of 45 °± 3 ° incident angle has been achieved. Adopting electron beam ion assisted deposition system to development, the deposition parameters of materials has been optimized via orthogonal matrix experiment. The fabrication of thin film for laser polarization beam splitter has been succeeded. Its optical properties, mechanical properties and resistance to environmental test of the film have been approved to meet all using requirements.
Study of SiC’s Mechanical Property Variance Caused by Film Thickness
Authors: Jiao Zong Lei , Zhu Jian
Published: May 2015

The mechanical properties of SiC thin films deposited by chemical vapor deposition process on silicon substrate are studied using nanoindentation techniques. The SiC thin films are of three different thicknesses: 1.6μm、4.5μm、9μm. In this study, nanoindentation method is preferred due to its reliability and accuracy on determining mechanical properties from indentation load-displacement data. The mechanical properties of elastic modulus and hardness are characterized. 1.6μm SiC thin film has the following values: E=345.73Gpa, H=33.71Gpa; 4.5μm SiC thin film has the following values: E=170.18Gpa, H=10.33Gpa; 9μm SiC thin film: E=167.96Gpa, H=9.48Gpa
Experimental Study on the Relationship between Dislocation Density and Internal Stress in Micro Electroforming Layer
Authors: Song Chang , Du Li Qun , Yang Tong , Luo Lei , Tao You Sheng , Zhang Xi
Published: May 2015

In the micro electroforming process, the existence of electroforming layer defects caused by macro internal stress seriously limits the application and development of the micro electroforming technology. Currently, some studies have shown that ultrasonic can reduce the internal stress. But the formation process of the internal stress and the mechanism of ultrasonic stress relief in micro electroforming layer are still unclear now. In this paper, the relationship between dislocation density and internal stress under ultrasonic was studied. The results show that the ultrasonic can make the dislocation density increase and the compressive stress decrease. When the ultrasonic power is 200W, the dislocation density and the compressive stress culminate 3.8×10-15m-2 and-144.4MPa, respectively. The ultrasonic can excite the movement of dislocation proliferation, pile-up and opening, which leads to a micro plastic deformation in the crystal, and thereby releases the internal stress.
Influence of Hybrid Fibers on Flexural Properties of Ultra High Toughness Cementitous Composites with Nano-SiO2
Authors: Gao Xiang , Li Qing Hua , Xu Shi Lang
Published: May 2015

Ultra High Toughness Cementitous Composites (UHTCC) is a unique class of the ultra-ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites. To meet the increasingly high requirements for materials in the construction, nanoSiO2, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and steel (ST) fibers were added into UHTCC to improve the mechanical property and control the crack width. Multiple effects of nanosilica and hybrid fibers on the flexural properties of UHTCC under three-point bending are evaluated. The results show that nanoSiO2 can increase flexural strength of UHTCC while equivalent deformability is guaranteed. When the addition of nanoSiO2 is 5%, the highest flexural strength is 15.77MPa. Moreover, hybrid steel-PVA fibers effectively mitigate negative influence from nanoSiO2 which induce the wider cracks of UHTCC as the stronger matrix. Comparing with mono fiber composites, hybrid fibers composites exhibit remarkably higher flexural strength and slightly lower deformation. The best performance are 24.85MPa and 2.34% at maximum volume of hybrid fibers.
Discrimination of Low-Grade Oil from Edible Oil by a Microfluidic Device
Authors: Liu Mei , Feng Shuai Jie , Shi Xin Qun , Peng Yan , Wu Zhi Zheng
Published: May 2015

Illegal cooked oil is a serious food safety issue in China, while an effective authentication method is still lacking. In this paper, a microfluidic device was applied for the discrimination of low-grade oil from edible oil, by creating water droplets of different sizes in different oils.
Study of Bandwidth Expansion Based on Electrochemical Vibration Sensor
Authors: Zhang Zheng Yu , Wang Jun Bo , Chen De Yong , Li Yin An
Published: May 2015

A vibration sensor based on electrochemical principle can be widely used in the field of seismology. For its instinctive bandwidth is limited, compensation by circuit is essential to expand the bandwidth. This article presents a method of frequency compensation by circuit based on the original amplitude-frequency characteristic of the electrochemical vibration sensor. The bandwidth is broadened obviously from 2s-10Hz to 25s-20Hz. The noise performance of the final output compared to the CME6011 is also presented.
Passive Acoustic Localization Based on MEMS Microphone Arrays
Authors: Dai Xi Ming , Lou Wen Zhong , Guo Ming Ru , Wang Fu Fu , Jin Xin
Published: May 2015

In this paper we used the MEMS microphone to detect the sound position. A four–microphone array was constructed to localize sound source with Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) measurements based on hyperbola model. The time delay was calculated using Generalized Cross Correlation (GCC) algorithm. A practical test system was built to confirm the feasibility of the hyperbola model and GCC algorithm using MEMS microphone. Data were collected in field experiments and calculated on PC by matlab. The results show that the method instructed in this paper is feasible in localizing the sound position with MEMS microphone.
Simulation and Experimental Verification of Silicon Microgyroscope's Closed-Loop Driving Circuits Based on Cadence
Authors: Tang Wei Feng , Xia Guo Ming , Qiu An Ping , Su Yan
Published: May 2015

The output-current of silicon microgyroscope is at the level of 10-7A, so the requirements for circuits’ SNR are very high. This paper conducts the simulation of closed-loop driving circuits in Cadence on the basis of a RLC series resonant circuit. It turns out that experimental results fit the simulation which has a great significance for improving the property of circuits. First of all, the operating principle of silicon microgyroscope is introduced. Secondly, a RLC series resonant circuit is established by measuring Q value and driving frequency. Then the overall simulation is conducted in Cadence combined with chips’ models offered by the manufacturers. Finally, the accuracy of simulation is verified by experiments. Experimental results show that, the relative error of driving sense signal’s value is 0.5%, for stability time the value is 0.6% and for driving frequency the value is 38ppm. Experimental results agree well with the simulation, which confirms simulation’s accuracy. This has a great significance for improving the property of circuits.
Advancements in Micro-Structure with Multiple Stress Concentration Region for Bionic Vector Hydrophone
Authors: Zhang Guo Jun , Zhao Peng , Zhang Wen Dong
Published: May 2015

The method of Multiple Stress Concentration Regions (MSCRs) on the surface of MEMS Silicon micro-structure is introduced in order to enhance the sensibility of the hair vector hydrophone without reducing the working bandwidth. The MSCRs with the thickness and width smaller than the rest of the cantilever can produce localized stress concentration when constant force is applied on the structure. ANSYS software has been used as a tool to analyze the effect of different shapes and dimensions on the performance of the micro-structure. The optimum MSCR has been obtained. Results show that compared with the ordinary structure, the sensitivity of the micro-structure with MSCR can be increased by 1.5 times, and the upper limit of bandwidth can be improved from 337Hz to 500Hz. This paper provides a new method to resolve contradiction between the sensitivity and working bandwidth.
Study of Thin Film Pressure Sensor by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Hu Dong Ping , Wang Xiao Long
Published: May 2015

The use of sensors made of thin films has several advantages over wire or foil sensors. Thin film pressure sensors can be used in high temperature, vibration and other special environment with small volume, high sensitivity and stability. Thin film pressure sensors can be made by magnetron sputtering. In this paper the thin film pressure sensors are prepared by elastic Element polishing, growth of dielectric film, NiCr alloy and Ni films with magnetron sputtering, the process and results are analyzed.
Passive Wireless Multi-Parameter Sensor System for Hermetic Environment Monitoring
Authors: Tang Dan , Wang Li Feng , Huang Qing An
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a passive wireless multi-parameter sensor system, which is suitable for monitoring the environment in hermetic space like industrial painting room, coal mine, and so on. The system consists of two subsystems: the primary system and the secondary system. The primary system transmits power and receives modulated data through a coupled transformer composed of primary and secondary inductors printed in their subsystems, respectively. The secondary system comprises micro capacitive temperature, pressure and relative humidity sensors and uses a relaxation oscillator to convert capacitance to frequency. Using time division multiplexing unit, it can simultaneously measure multiple sensors. The converted frequency signal is used to vary the amplitude of the waveforms on the coupling inductors. The modulating signal is recovered from the carrier using the envelope detection unit. The measurement results indicate that the pressure, temperature, and relative humidity sensitivities of the passive wireless multi-parameter sensor system are 5.6 fF/hPa, 250fF/°C and 71.4 fF/%RH, respectively. Three sensors linearly response to the change of the environment and the system has good consistency.
Chip-Level Active Temperature Control for Improving Temperature Robust of a Micro-Gyroscope
Authors: Chen Zhi Hua , Liu Le Le , Xiao Ding Bang , Cui Hong Juan , Wang Xing Hua
Published: May 2015

Silicon micro-fabricated gyroscope are very sensitive to ambient temperature, this paper conducted a novel active temperature controlling system. Combined with the PTC thermistor to detect internal temperature and the inserted TEC to control the temperature, encapsulation condition inside the gyroscope was kept in a stable situation. Experimental results showed that it greatly improved the performance of the micro-gyroscope.
An Integrated Pressure and Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Piezoresistance Effect
Authors: Wu Tong , Zhao Xiao Feng , Yang Xiang Hong , Wen Dian Zhong , Li Gang
Published: May 2015

An integrated pressure and magnetic field sensor based on piezoresistance effect is proposedin this paper. The integrated sensor is composed of a C-type silicon cup, ferromagnetic materialand Wheatstone bridge constructed by four metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors(MOSFETs) channel resistances as piezoresistances. Based on the piezoresistance effect of channelresistances, the measurement to the external pressure P and magnetic field B can be achieved by thesensor. Through using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and microelectromechnicalsystem (MEMS) technology, the sensor chip was designed and fabricated on <100>orientation silicon substrates, locating the ferromagnetic material on its squared silicon membranecenter. The experimental results show that when supply voltage of the sensor is 2.0 V, the pressuresensitivity of sensor is 0.39 mV/kPa (B=0 T), and the magnetic field sensitivity of sensor is 1.48 mV/T(P=0 kPa).
Active Disturbance Rejection Control Design for Fast AFM
Authors: Chen Dai Xie , Yin Bo Hua , Liu Jun Biao , Li Wen Ping , Wu Li Qiang , Li Han
Published: May 2015

Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) as an alternative to classical PID control to solving control problems, has gained significant traction these years. With its simple tuning method, robustness against process parameter variations and ability of disturbance rejection, we tried it in our homemade fast atomic force microscope (AFM). Experiments are carried out in contact mode on standard optical grating sample with 50Hz line rate. The results show that ADRC can reject external disturbances well, and can reduce system vibrations obviously.
Research on Rapid Detection and Accounting of Small Particles in Marine Hydraulic Oil
Authors: Zeng Lin , Zhang Hong Peng , Liu En Chen , Chen Hai Quan , Cui Fang Yu
Published: May 2015

Hydraulic system is widely used in the ship, when the diameter of tiny particles in hydraulic oil exceeds 20μm it indicates that the abnormal wear occurred and the malfunction may cause. This paper uses the light blockage method, the microfluidic detection chip for hydraulic oil detection has been designed and fabricated, a simple and effective optical detection system is developed with the signal amplification and data collection to achieve the detection of tiny particles, and finally through the JAVA programming to count the number of particles in which the diameter is more than 20μm. The results of rapid detections on iron particles with diameter between 25μm and 38μm show the good performance of the detection system and prove that the method is feasible.
Dissemination of Micro-Gram Weights from 500 μg to 50μg Based on Automatic Mass Measuring System
Authors: Ren Xiao Ping , Wang Jian , Dong Lei , Wilson Ombati
Published: May 2015

Microgram weights have a wide range of applications in the mechanical testing of bio-material sensors and nanotechnology market which typically involves the manufacture of objects with dimensions of less than 100 nanometers. Now it is available with a calibration certificate in National Institute of Metrology (China) that customers can be assured of full traceability to the national primary standard of mass, NO.60, which make allow customers with specialized nanotechnology applications to use the weight values range from 0.05 mg to 0.5 mg with standard uncertainty of just 0.3 μg to 0.08μg.In the paper, an effective method was developed to calibrate weights, along with new methods of calculating uncertainties that would satisfy OIML R111 requirements. This new calibration method involved comparing the weights with the 1 mg standard mass standards using a combination of subdivision and substitution weighing scheme.
Design and Fabrication of High Vacuum Gauge Based on Micro Hotplate
Authors: Zhang Feng Tian , Zheng Ying Bin , Tang Bin , Su Wei , Tang Zhen’an
Published: May 2015

Vacuum gauge based on micro hotplate (MHP) is a kind of promising MEMS vacuum gauge due to its advantages including high sensitivity, wide measurement range, fast response speed and comparably easy fabrication, etc. In this paper, through analyzing various of heat dissipation approaches including solid heat conduction, gas heat conduction, heat radiation, and convection, the sensor output expression of MHP-based vacuum gauge is obtained when keeping electric current of heating resistor constant. With the structure size and material properties, the relationship curve between vacuum gauge output and gas pressure can be obtained. By wet etching silicon under the compound dielectric films with embedded metal film resistor, MHP suspended over silicon substrate is fabricated. Then the sensor chip is assembled and put into vacuum system, and test is conducted when keeping the heating resistor at constant heating current of 5mA. The measurement results show that the sensor measurement range is 5×10-3Pa~103Pa, which is basically consistent with the theoretical analyzing results.
Analysis of Impact of Bottom Electrode Position on Dynamic Pull-In Parameters of Microcantilevers
Authors: Chang Shuang Kai , Zhang Gao Fei , You Zheng
Published: May 2015

The stable range of MEMS electrostatically actuated beam during the pull-in process is crucial to the device performance. Different devices have specific requirements for stable pull-in region based on their applications. In this paper, Rayleigh-Ritz energy method is used to establish dynamic pull-in model of electrostatic cantilever actuated by a step voltage. Modified trial function is derived according to different position of bottom electrode. The model takes into account the effects of fringe capacitance and variable cross-sectional beam. Published numerical methods and experimental data are used to verify the model . The impact of bottom electrode position on pull-in parameters is analyzed in present model. With fitting empirical equations, pull-in parameters can be easily satisfied through the distribution of bottom electrode, which provide an effective reference for the design of MEMS electrostatically actuated beam under given pull-in parameters .
Optimization of Microfluidic Chip Bonding Technology Based on Polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Mao Jing , Chen Wei , Zhao Long , Yang Lu Xia , Zhang Bin Zhen
Published: May 2015

This paper introduce a new polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) microfluidic chip bonding technology. By studying the influence of prepolymer with different curing agents, curing temperatures and curing time to the PDMS-PDMS chip bonding strength,we get the optimal bonding parameters. The experiment results show that when the cover plate of PDMS with ratio 15:1 bond with the substrate whose ratio is 10:1,the largest strength can be reached. The research which was applied to the packing of microfluidic analysis chip has achieved good results.
W-Band Quadrupler Based on Multi-Chip Module and Schottky Barrier Diodes
Authors: He Yue , Deng Xian Jin , Wang Cheng , Lu Bin
Published: May 2015

This paper reports a W-band solid-state quadrupler based on multi-chip module and nonlinear schottky barrier diodes. The quadruple consists of Q-band doubler and amplifier, branched-guide coupler and two parallel W-band doublers that are power-combined in-phase using T-juntion at output waveguide, and each W-band doubler channel includes two schottky barrier diodes featuring two anodes on a 127um-thick quartz substrate. The power-combined strategy decreases the size of W-band quadrupler to 56mm×33mm×20mm and increases the maximum stable output power by twice with regard to the traditional W-band doubler. The measured output power of the quadrupler is greater than 20mW over the 80 to 90 GHz and 40mW within 80.6 to 86.6 GHz with above 12% 3dB bandwidth when driven with 2mW input power at 300K. The spectrum of output signal is tested and analyzed to obtain the purity and noise performance of signal.
Fabrication Process and Electro-Thermal Modeling for the Cathode of the CMOS-Compatible Hot-Filament Vacuum Gauge
Authors: Wang Jia Qi , Yu Jun
Published: May 2015

The hot-filament vacuum gauge is a traditional gauge for the vacuum measurement below 10-1Pa. It consists of the cathode, grid and anode. The cathode is used to emit the electron to collide with a gaseous molecular to form a pair of ion and electron. The number of these ions is proportional to the gaseous molecule density and the gas pressure. Unlike the traditional gauge with the large dimension, this paper develops a CMOS-compatible hot-filament vacuum gauge. With it, the vacuum gauge and its control circuit can be fabricated monolithically on a chip which will decrease the noise and be easy to use. Besides that, the optimal heating current for the cathode is also considered in this paper. The electro-thermal modeling using COMSOL software is introduced to calculate the heating current for cathode. The results show that for 200μm×5μm×0.2μm tungsten resistor, 200mA current is needed to heat the tungsten resistor to 1800°C to emit the electron.
Design and Experimental Study of a Composite Materials Micro-Deformation Measurement Device
Authors: Yuan Ye , Bao He , Xu Hong , Li Zhi Lai
Published: May 2015

In the space environments, the size and weight of composite materials will produce small changes. In order to measure the small changes accurately, a micro-deformation measurement device has been designed. The carbon fiber tube was made from cyanate ester resin or epoxy resin was tested in vacuum and hygrothermal environments. The deformation in the vacuum test is -1.7 to 3.8 microns, in the hygrothermal test, the deformation is -1.3 to -6.4 microns. The same as theoretical analysis, the environmental stability of cyanate ester resin better than epoxy resin.
Experimental Investigations on New Characterization Method for Giant Piezoresistance Effect and Silicon Nanowire Piezoresistive Detection
Authors: Zhang Jia Hong , Yang Min , Liu Qing Quan , Gu Fang , Li Min , Ge Yi Xian
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a novel and effective characterization method for giant piezoresistive properties of silicon nanowires by using the reference structures. This contrast detection approach investigates the influences of quantum size effect and surface defects effect on piezoresistive coefficients of silicon nanowires by direct comparison of the resistivity change ratio of silicon wires with nanoscale-to-microscale width under the same applied stress conditions. The characterization experiments based on four-point bending tensile test demonstrate that piezoresistive coefficient of small nanowidth silicon nanowire can be significantly increased to about five times higher levels than that of bulk silicon under the same impurity concentration, which indicates that the silicon nanowire can have giant piezoresistive effect. On the other hand, to solve the problem on nanowires pick-up, we proposed a nanowire piezoresistive detection approach, whose validity is confirmed by the dynamic LDV resonance test. Meanwhile, to investigate the influence of undercut arising from the wet chemical release process of the suspended silicon nanowire, a three-dimensional finite element simulation is also carried out for the fundamental resonant frequency using ANSYS software. The numerical and experimental results show that our piezoresistive detection is accurate and effective and the undercut should be carefully considered in the design of the high frequency resonator and mixer. The findings of this paper provide some useful references for the piezoresistive effect measurement and the piezoresistive pick-up in nanoelectromechanical system.
A Robust Adaptive Angle Algorithm for Imaging Bionic Polarization Navigation Sensor
Authors: Li Bin , Guan Le , Li Shi Yun , Chu Jin Kui , Cui Yan
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a precise angular algorithm for the imaging bionic polarization navigation sensor. The algorithm is targeted for a imaging sensor with bilayer nanowire polarizer which is multi-orientated of 0°, 60°, 120° and 90°, 150°, 210°. The algorithm is considered to extract intensity values of pixels in homogeneous regions, eliminate noise contained in image and compensate errors occured in the fabricaiton process of nanowire polarization filters. And the occlusion problem has to be compensated by neighboring pixels. The algorithm considered in this paper is able to solve overdetermined system of linear equations, and give a set of least square solutions of the Stokes parameters and the angle of polarization as output. The performance of the algorithm along with the experimental results of the angle measurement are also presented. Based on the comparison results, the algorithm achieves a best performance for the angle of polarization.
On the Temperature-Related Mechanical Properties of UV-LIGA Nickel Material
Authors: Yuan Shuang Shi , He Guang , Zhang Ming , Li Guo Zhong
Published: May 2015

MEMS nickel material is commonly used for structural material in micro devices. In order to study the effect of environmental temperature on its mechanical properties,this paper has built up a experimental system which can measure the temperature-related static mechanical parameters of the UV-LIGA nickel material. By using the system for uniaxial tensile experiments of the micro specimen under different temperature, the stress-strain curves of the micro specimen under different temperature were obtained; the mechanical parameters of the micro specimen such as elastic modulus, yield stress and failure stress under different temperature were also calculated out;Finally, the relationship between temperature and mechanical parameters including elastic modulus, yield stress and failure stress was analyzed.
Modeling of Hysteresis in Piezoelectric Actuator Using Linear Play Operator Adaptive Filter
Authors: Xiong Rui , Liu Xiang Dong , Shan Feng Min
Published: May 2015

Piezoelectric actuator (PEA) is widely applied in micro/nanopositioning system. However, its inherent hysteresis limits its application. Modeling of hysteresis plays an important role in solving this problem. Linear play operators (LPO) adaptive hysteresis model is introduced in this paper. LPO operators are used to replace delay operators of adaptive transversal filter to compose a new serial structure of adaptive transversal filter model, and LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm is used to adjust the weight values. As hysteresis loop of piezoelectric actuator is asymmetric and LPO operator is symmetric, a modified LPO (MLPO) adaptive filter is proposed for asymmetric hysteresis effect. At last, the two LPO filters are applied to model hysteresis characteristic of Piezoelectric actuator, and the modeling effect is verified via a micro-positioning system experiment platform based on Piezoelectric actuator. Experimental results show that the modified LPO filters can achieve better accurate hysteresis modeling.
Management competencies required in the transition from a technician to a supervisor
Authors: Mahlangu Sibongile R. , Govender Cookie
Published: May 2015

Orientation: Technicians are frequently promoted to supervisory positions based on their technical abilities, with scant attention focused on developing management competencies. This oversight often poses significant challenges. The effective transition from technician to supervisor is important in any organisation.Research objective: The primary objective is to identify and verify the competencies that are required for a technician and a supervisory position; the secondary objective is to identify the gap that must be filled with relevant training interventions to enable technicians to make an effective transition to a supervisory position.Motivation for this study: The identification of the management competencies required for a technician who makes a career change to a supervisor position.Research method: The sequential mixed method approach was used to enable the twophase data collection process: phase one was the quantitative phase and phase two was the qualitative phase. Main findings: The overall findings confirm that there are indeed management competencies that technicians require training and development on before being promoted to a supervisory position.Implication: Organisations need to identify the key competencies for a technician and a supervisor and implement development or training interventions that are essential to successfully transition an employee from the level of a technician to the level of a supervisor.Contribution: Organisations need to implement essential development or training interventions focused on developing management competencies and put in place support interventions such as coaching, job shadowing, mentoring and networking.
Amore d’invierno, de Isabel Herguera
Authors: García Rams María Susana
Published: May 2015

Isabel Herguera es una artista audiovisual, vasca de nacimiento y cosmopolita por evolución vivencial. Su lugar de nacimiento le confiere una huella de identidad, de pueblo enraizado, y de femenino que sabe de su posición y colocación en el mundo. Mirada que ha enriqueciendo en cada uno de sus viajes, cargados de experiencias personales y profesionales, que ha sabido aglutinar y destilar animando y obtener siempre, un producto diferente, con aroma propio, combinando su faceta de creadora con la dirección de festivales y la docencia. Su último corto, Amore d’ inverno, es una historia también de vínculos, en la que dos personas de mundos diferentes se encuentran, en un espacio que se transforma con la emoción y el recuerdo nostálgico de lo que fue. Corto en el que Isabel como la protagonista del filme, Marta, es fiel a su destino: el arte, la vida y su libertad de amar.
Un día en el asombroso mundo de Gumball
Authors: Figueroa López Eva , Arroyo Molina Juan Pedro
Published: May 2015

El Asombroso Mundo de Gumball (The Amazing World of Gumball, Ben Bocquelet, Mic Graves), es una serie que, desde su comienzo en 2011, se ha ganado un hueco especial en la parrilla de Cartoon Network, siendo, junto con Hora de aventuras (Adventure Time, Pendleton Ward, 2010-actualidad) e Historias corrientes (Regular Show, J.G. Quintel, 2020-actualidad), una de sus apuestas más fuertes. Y es en esta serie, ganadora de numerosos premios y con seguidores en aumento cada día, donde Juan Pedro Arroyo y Eva Figueroa han conseguido entrar a trabajar, como parte del equipo que, desde Studio SOI (Alemania), asiste a la sede de la serie en Londres. Ahora narran todo un día dentro de su rutina: desde el primer visionado de la animática que llega al estudio, hasta la proyección en exclusiva, entre amigos y cervezas, de los episodios ya terminados de su nueva temporada.
Perdido en los mundos de Jirí Barta
Authors: Ferri Gandia Manuel
Published: May 2015

La sala Josep Renau de la UPV acogió en 2014 la exposición El mundo perdido de Jiří Barta dentro del monográfico dedicado al animador checo. Esta exposición, comisariada por Beatriz Herráiz y Miguel Vidal, fue posible gracias a la colaboración entre el Centro Checo, la Filmoteca de CulturArts y el Máster de Animación UPV, y en ella pudimos admirar el material que el maestro había utilizado en varias de sus producciones. La muestra incluyó muñecos, “story boards” y bocetos, todo ello montado con suma elegancia para deleite del visitante familiarizado o no con la carrera del homenajeado. El siguiente artículo trata sobre los trabajos de Jiří Barta, sobre mis primeros contactos con la animación del autor y cómo me reencontré con su obra con motivo de la pasada exposición.
Jonathan Hodgson. Animación de lo real
Authors: Herráiz Zornoza Beatriz
Published: May 2015

Jonathan Hodgson (Oxford, Gran Bretaña, 1960) es un animador inglés que ha desarrollado su trabajo principalmente en la animación documental, o “animación de la vida real”, como prefiere llamarlo. Además, ha realizado numerosos trabajos para publicidad y ha ganado numerosos galardones, entre ellos un premio BAFTA al mejor corto de animación en 1999. En la siguiente entrevista con Jonathan Hodgson podremos descubrir su perspectiva de la animación hoy en día, sus procesos creativos y técnicas empleadas, así como sus procesos de enseñanza en la Universidad de Middlesex (Londres), donde actualmente es profesor senior y director de la titulación de animación.
¿Por qué no nos sentamos simplemente frente a la pantalla?
Authors: De León Yong Tania
Published: May 2015

En este artículo, la doctora Tania De León Yong analiza las características de la animación limitada frente a la animación completa, y las de la animación experimental frente a la animación ortodoxa: esto es, qué cualidades tiene la imagen animada y cuántos fotogramas por segundo se utilizan. De la misma forma se comparan los distintos propósitos que pueden tener los filmes. Sin pretender ser un marco de referencia inflexible, la clasificación de la animación es importante porque nos permite reflexionar, identificar, agrupar y analizar animaciones ajenas y personales; estas actividades son un terreno fértil para la producción creativa dentro de la disciplina.
Sympathetic Sentiments
Authors: Jervis John
Published: May 2015

Sympathetic Sentiments develops an innovative interdisciplinary framework to explore the implications of living in a ‘culture of feeling’ that seems ill at ease with itself, one in which ‘sentiments’ are frequently denounced for being ‘sentimental’ and self-indulgent.

This is traced back to the inheritance of the eighteenth century, enabling us to identify a distinctive ‘spectacle of sympathy’ in which sympathy seems inherently to entail public forms of expression whereby being ‘on show’ is both a condition of the authenticity of such affects and of their capacity to be masked and simulated – hence stimulating controversy, but also the exploration of the vicarious dimensions of modern experience so central to modern literature, art and culture. The implications of all this are further explored in the context of current debates over the display of trauma as the language of sympathetic engagement, and the alleged prevalence of ‘compassion fatigue’ in the era of media sensationalism.

Overall, the book uncovers the patterns that both reproduce our capacity for ‘sympathetic sentiments’ while revealing the inherent underlying tensions.
Data assimilation in atmospheric chemistry models: current status and future prospects for coupled chemistry meteorology models
Authors: Bocquet M. , Elbern H. , Eskes H. , Hirtl M. , Žabkar R. , Carmichael G. R. , Flemming J. , Inness A. , Pagowski M. , Pérez Camaño J. L. , Saide P. E. , San Jose R. , Sofiev M. , Vira J. , Baklanov A. , Carnevale C. , Grell G. , Seigneur C.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Data assimilation is used in atmospheric chemistry models to improve air quality forecasts, construct re-analyses of three-dimensional chemical (including aerosol) concentrations and perform inverse modeling of input variables or model parameters (e.g., emissions). Coupled chemistry meteorology models (CCMM) are atmospheric chemistry models that simulate meteorological processes and chemical transformations jointly. They offer the possibility to assimilate both meteorological and chemical data; however, because CCMM are fairly recent, data assimilation in CCMM has been limited to date. We review here the current status of data assimilation in atmospheric chemistry models with a particular focus on future prospects for data assimilation in CCMM. We first review the methods available for data assimilation in atmospheric models, including variational methods, ensemble Kalman filters, and hybrid methods. Next, we review past applications that have included chemical data assimilation in chemical transport models (CTM) and in CCMM. Observational data sets available for chemical data assimilation are described, including surface data, surface-based remote sensing, airborne data, and satellite data. Several case studies of chemical data assimilation in CCMM are presented to highlight the benefits obtained by assimilating chemical data in CCMM. A case study of data assimilation to constrain emissions is also presented. There are few examples to date of joint meteorological and chemical data assimilation in CCMM and potential difficulties associated with data assimilation in CCMM are discussed. As the number of variables being assimilated increases, it is essential to characterize correctly the errors; in particular, the specification of error cross-correlations may be problematic. In some cases, offline diagnostics are necessary to ensure that data assimilation can truly improve model performance. However, the main challenge is likely to be the paucity of chemical data available for assimilation in CCMM.
Robust, spatially scanning, open-path TDLAS hygrometer using retro-reflective foils for fast tomographic 2-D water vapor concentration field measurements
Authors: Seidel A. , Wagner S. , Dreizler A. , Ebert V.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. We have developed a fast, spatially scanning direct tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (dTDLAS) that combines four polygon-mirror based scanning units with low-cost retro-reflective foils. With this instrument, tomographic measurements of absolute 2-D water vapor concentration profiles are possible without any calibration using a reference gas. A spatial area of 0.8 m × 0.8 m was covered, which allows for application in soil physics, where greenhouse gas emission from certain soil structures shall be monitored. The whole concentration field was measured with up to 2.5 Hz. In this paper, we present the setup and spectroscopic performance of the instrument regarding the influence of the polygon rotation speed and mode on the absorption signal. Homogeneous H2O distributions were measured and compared to a single channel, bi-static reference TDLAS spectrometer for validation of the instrument. Good accuracy and precision with errors of less than 6% of the absolute concentration and length and bandwidth normalized detection limits of up to 1.1 ppmv · m (Hz)−0.5 were achieved. The spectrometer is a robust and easy to set up instrument for tomographic reconstructions of 2-D-concentration fields that can be considered as a good basis for future field measurements in environmental research.
Effects of nitrate and phosphate supply on chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic: a mesocosm study
Authors: Loginova A. N. , Borchard C. , Meyer J. , Hauss H. , Kiko R. , Engel A.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) is an open ocean region with little input of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM), suggesting that pelagic production has to be the main source of DOM. Inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) concentrations affect pelagic production, leading to DOM modifications. The quantitative and qualitative changes in DOM are often estimated by its optical properties. Colored DOM (CDOM) is often used to estimate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations by applied techniques, e.g. through remote sensing, whereas DOM properties, such as molecular weight, can be estimated from the slopes of the CDOM absorption spectra (S). Fluorescence properties of CDOM (FDOM) allow discriminating between different structural CDOM properties. The investigation of distribution and cycling of CDOM and FDOM was recognized to be important for understanding of physical and biogeochemical processes, influencing DOM. However, little information is available about effects of nutrient variability on CDOM and FDOM dynamics. Here we present results from two mesocosm experiments conducted with a natural plankton community of the ETNA, where effects of DIP ("Varied P") and DIN ("Varied N") supply on optical properties of DOM were studied. CDOM accumulated proportionally to phytoplankton biomass during the experiments. S decreased over time indicating accumulation of high molecular weight DOM. In Varied N, an additional CDOM portion, as a result of bacterial DOM reworking, was determined. It increased the CDOM fraction in DOC proportionally to the supplied DIN. The humic-like FDOM component (Comp.1) was derived by bacteria proportionally to DIN supply. The bound-to-protein amino acid-like FDOM component (Comp.2) was released irrespectively to phytoplankton biomass, but depending on DIP and DIN concentrations, as a part of an overflow mechanism. Under high DIN supply, Comp.2 was removed by bacterial reworking processes, leading to an accumulation of humic-like Comp.1. No influence of nutrient availability on amino acid-like FDOM component in peptide form (Comp.3) was observed. Comp.3 potentially acted as an intermediate product during formation or degradation Comp.2. Our findings suggest that changes in nutrient concentrations may lead to substantial responses in the quantity and "quality" of optically active DOM and, therefore, might bias results of the applied techniques for an estimation of DOC concentrations in open ocean regions.
Colored dissolved organic matter in shallow estuaries: the effect of source on quantification
Authors: Oestreich W. K. , Ganju N. K. , Pohlman J. W. , Suttles S. E.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Light availability is of primary importance to the ecological function of shallow estuaries. For example, benthic primary production by submerged aquatic vegetation is contingent upon light penetration to the seabed. A major component that attenuates light in estuaries is colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). CDOM is often measured via a proxy, fluorescing dissolved organic matter (fDOM), due to the ease of in situ fDOM measurements. Fluorescence must be converted to CDOM absorbance for use in light attenuation calculations and models. However, this fDOM-CDOM relationship varies among and within estuaries. We quantified the variability in this relationship within three estuaries: West Falmouth Harbor (MA), Barnegat Bay (NJ), and Chincoteague Bay (MD, VA). Land use surrounding these estuaries ranges from urban to developed, with varying sources of nutrients and organic matter. Measurements of fDOM and CDOM absorbance were taken along a terrestrial-to-marine gradient in all three estuaries. The ratio of the absorption coefficient at 340 nm (m−1) to fDOM (QSU) was higher in West Falmouth Harbor (1.22) than in Barnegat Bay (0.22) and Chincoteague Bay (0.17). The fDOM-CDOM absorption ratio was variable between sites within West Falmouth Harbor and Barnegat Bay, but consistent between sites within Chincoteague Bay. Stable carbon isotope analysis for constraining the source of dissolved organic matter in West Falmouth Harbor and Barnegat Bay yielded δ13C values ranging from −19.7 to −26.1‰ and −20.8 to −26.7‰, respectively. Stable carbon isotope mixing models of DOC in the estuaries indicate contributions from marine plankton, terrestrial plants, and Spartina cordgrass. Comparison of DOC source to fDOM-CDOM absorption ratio at each site demonstrates the influence of source on optical properties. Samples with a greater contribution from marsh (Spartina) organic material had higher fDOM-CDOM absorption ratios than samples with greater contribution from terrestrial organic material. Applying a uniform fDOM-CDOM absorption ratio and spectral slope within a given estuary yields errors in modeled light attenuation ranging from 11–33% depending on estuary. The application of a uniform absorption ratio across all estuaries doubles this error. These results demonstrate that continuous monitoring of light attenuation in estuaries requires some quantification of CDOM absorption and source to refine light models.
FUZZY C-MEANS ALGORITHM FOR SEGMENTATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA OBTAINED USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE
Authors: Akinin M. V. , Akinina N. V. , Klochkov A. Y. , Nikiforov M. B. , Sokolova A. V.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The report reviewed the algorithm fuzzy c-means, performs image segmentation, give an estimate of the quality of his work on the criterion of Xie-Beni, contain the results of experimental studies of the algorithm in the context of solving the problem of drawing up detailed two-dimensional maps with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. According to the results of the experiment concluded that the possibility of applying the algorithm in problems of decoding images obtained as a result of aerial photography. The considered algorithm can significantly break the original image into a plurality of segments (clusters) in a relatively short period of time, which is achieved by modification of the original k-means algorithm to work in a fuzzy task.
DIFFUSION BACKGROUND MODEL FOR MOVING OBJECTS DETECTION
Authors: Vishnyakov B. V. , Sidyakin S. V. , Vizilter Y. V.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a new approach for moving objects detection in video surveillance systems. It is based on construction of the regression diffusion maps for the image sequence. This approach is completely different from the state of the art approaches. We show that the motion analysis method, based on diffusion maps, allows objects that move with different speed or even stop for a short while to be uniformly detected. We show that proposed model is comparable to the most popular modern background models. We also show several ways of speeding up diffusion maps algorithm itself.
CLASSIFICATION OF FEATURES OF IMAGE SEQUENCES
Authors: Pugin E. V. , Zhiznyakov A. L.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Processing of image sequences is a very actual trend now. This is confirmed with a vast amount of researches in that area. The possibility of an image sequence processing and pattern recognition became available because of increased computer capabilities and better photo and video cameras. The feature extraction is one of the main steps during image processing and pattern recognition. This paper presents a novel classification of features of image sequences. The proposed classification has three groups: 1) features of a single image, 2) features of an image sequence, 3) semantic features of an observed scene. The first group includes features extracted from a single image. The second group consists of features of any kinds of image sequences. The third group contains semantic features. Reverse feature clarification method is the iterative method when on each iteration we use higher level features to extract lower level features more precisely. The proposed classification of features of image sequences solves a problem of decomposition of the source feature space into several groups. Reverse feature clarification method allows to increase the quality of image processing during iterative process.
RECOGNITION OF HUMAN POSE FROM IMAGES BASED ON GRAPH SPECTRA
Authors: Zakharov A. A. , Barinov A. E. , Zhiznyakov A. L.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Recognition of human pose is an actual problem in computer vision. To increase the reliability of the recognition it is proposed to use structured information in the form of graphs. The spectrum of graphs is applied for the comparison of the structures. Image skeletonization is used to construct graphs. Line segments are the nodes of the graph. The end point of line segments are the edges of the graph. The angles between adjacent segments are used to set the weights of the adjacency matrix. The Laplacian matrix is used to generate the spectrum graph. The algorithm consists of the following steps. The graph on the basis of the vectorized image is constructed. The angles between the adjacent segments are calculated. The Laplacian matrix on the basis of the linear graph is calculated. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix are calculated. The spectral matrix is calculated using its eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix. The principal component method is used for the data representation in the space of smaller dimensions. The results of the algorithm are given.
Morphologic Differences Observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy According to the Reason for Pseudophakic IOL Explantation
Authors: Fernández-Buenaga Roberto , Alio Jorge L. , Ramírez José M. , Salazar Juan José , Prause Jan Ulrik , Ramírez Ana I. , De Hoz Rosa , Rojas Blanca , Triviño Alberto
Published: May 2015

Purpose

To compare variations in surface morphology, as studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of explanted intraocular lenses (IOLs) concerning the cause leading to the explantation surgery.

Methods

In this prospective multicenter study, explanted IOLs were analyzed by SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The IOLs were explanted in the centers of the research group from 2006 to 2012. The primary procedure was phacoemulsification in all cases.

Results

The study evaluated 40 IOLs. The main causes for explantation were IOL dislocation, refractive error, and IOL opacification. Those explanted due to dislocation demonstrated calcifications in 8 lenses (50%), salt precipitates in 6 cases (37.5%), and erythrocytes and fibrosis/fibroblasts in 2 cases (12.5%). In the refractive error cases, the SEM showed proteins in 5 cases (45.5%) and salt precipitates in 4 lenses (36.4%). In IOL opacification, the findings were calcifications in 2 of the 3 lenses (66.6%) and proteins in 2 lenses (66.6%).

Conclusions

A marked variation in surface changes was observed by SEM. Findings did not correlate with cause for explantation. Scanning electron microscopy is a useful tool that provides exclusive information regarding the IOL biotolerance and its interactions with surrounding tissues.