bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les arboriculteurs-maraîchers de la plaine du Rhône (Valais, Suisse) : une identité riveraine bousculée par la troisième révision du fleuve
Authors: Cantala Estelle
Published: February 2010

Résumé : Dans la plaine du Rhône valaisanne, c'est dans le cadre de la maîtrise du cours du fleuve que s'est façonné un espace dynamique et productif. Cette domestication de la nature est à la base de la construction identitaire des arboriculteurs-maraîchers de la zone, laquelle s'inscrit dans une vision locale de maîtrise et d'anthropisation de l'espace par l'homme. Ces agriculteurs sont par conséquent attachés à leur rôle de producteurs et aux compétences techniques développées depuis le début de l'essor des cultures spéciales, il y a un siècle. Leur rapport à la nature oscille entre respect et désir de préserver un outil de travail durement construit par les anciens et un besoin de maîtriser l'avancée d'une nature sauvage mal perçue. Aujourd'hui, les multiples activités qui se sont récemment développées sur ce territoire restreint se le disputent. Pourtant l'une des mesures principales du projet de troisième révision du fleuve sera d'en élargir le cours. Ces travaux sont donc l'occasion d'une réflexion d'ensemble sur l'avenir de l'utilisation du territoire. Les nouvelles fonctions attribuées à l'agriculture ne correspondent pas tout à fait à la vision que la plupart des agriculteurs ont de leur métier. Mais l'enjeu est de taille de trouver des compromis et travailler sur des synergies entre l'agriculture et les autres activités, tant chacune dépend de l'autre pour assurer à long terme son existence et par là le dynamisme et la santé de son territoire.
Gouvernance des stations de montagne en France : les spécificités du partenariat public-privé
Authors: Gerbaux Françoise , Marcelpoil Emmanuelle
Published: February 2010

Résumé : En revendiquant d'être les autorités organisatrices du développement touristique dans la loi pour la montagne de 1985, les parlementaires et les élus des communes supports de stations ont endossé de lourdes responsabilités dont ils n'avaient certainement pas perçu toutes les dimensions politiques, économiques et sociales. En effet, la question de la coordination des acteurs, posée dès la promulgation de la loi pour la montagne, est toujours une question brûlante. À partir de la notion de gouvernance, cet article propose de dresser les principaux problèmes du partenariat public-privé en station. L'accent est mis sur les modes de relations entre acteurs. L'objectif est de montrer combien ils sont complexes lorsque l'on observe les relations formelles et informelles : problèmes de légitimité politique pour les autorités locales, déficit d'expertise, marge de manœuvre étroite pour les offices de tourisme, relations asymétriques entre acteurs publics et privés, émergence de revendications pour participer aux débats locaux de la part de la société civile locale. Ces problèmes posent la question de l'existence d'un lieu de négociation sur la gestion des stations, un lieu de gouvernance pour que se constitue un acteur collectif qui participe au débat sur le pilotage de la destination.
Local power and land-use strategies in mountain resorts : sustainability of local tourism development and the challenges of governance
Authors: Duboeuf Thomas
Published: February 2010

Abstract : Tourist activity in areas of mountain tourism is threatened by the general increase in land and property values (probably exacerbated by the tourism phenomenon itself) : land and property speculation is such that it goes against sustainable tourism development. Furthermore, such speculation is more profitable in the short term than the business activities of the tourism sector in general. The links between local power and the actors in land and property speculation are complex since the latter are generally well represented on municipal councils. In such a context, is governance (public/private partnership in its widest sense) a tool that can enable tourist destinations to make a living from tourism in a sustainable manner (accommodation, services, etc.) instead of and property rents ?
The role of the Alps in an integrating Europe : Frameworks for prospective debat
Authors: Schleicher-Tappeser Ruggero
Published: February 2010

Abstract : At the beginning of the 21st century, the Alps are in an unprecedented situation where die capability of intercultural cooperation may have a strong influence on the future. European integration, improved accessibility of the valleys, the impact of new communication technologies, the rapidly increasint importance of global markets and a decreasing symbolic importance of the Alps all together lead to a « shrinking » of this exceptional mountain range situated in the middle of important European cities, urge to consider a larger context and open up a variety of new perspectives. Will it be possible to re-invent a specifically Alpine developement model despite all infernal differences, actively relating to the rich multicultural environment and taking care of the delicate natural and cultural heritage ? Or will the Alps fall apart in separate backyards of the large cities ? The article analyses the role of the Alpine Convention and explores the cooperation interests of different actors. It proposes to conceive the Alps as a laboratory for European coopération and calls for a systematic joining of forces between regional, national and European decision-making levels in the spirit of subsidiarity.
Les enjeux de développement des Alpes : enquête sur les convergences et divergences dans leur signification
Authors: Briquel Vincent
Published: February 2010

Résumé : L'article présente une analyse des enjeux de développement des Alpes et de leur signification, menée dans le cadre du projet DIAMONT du programme Interreg IIIb. Elle s'appuie sur une investigation menée auprès d'un panel d'experts des divers pays alpins, qui a permis de mettre en évidence les problématiques essentielles dans les Alpes, les unes ayant une dimension avant tout territoriale, comme la marginalisation des zones rurales périphériques, les autres étant beaucoup plus transversales par rapport aux territoires alpins.
Development issues for the Alps : survey of convergences and divergences in their meaning
Authors: Briquel Vincent
Published: February 2010

Abstract : The article identifies development issues for the Alps and examines their meaning. Conducted within the framework of the DIAMONT project of the Interreg IIIb Alpine Space program, the study is based on an investigation involving a panel of experts from different Alpine countries. The investigation identifies those problems that play an essential role in Alpine development issues, some of which have a basically local dimension, such as the marginalisation of peripheral rural zones, while others are of a more general nature, concerning all areas of the Alps.
Visions of the Alps and their role in transnational cooperation
Authors: Vanier Martin
Published: February 2010

Abstract : As part of a prospective study commissioned by the managing authority of the transnational cooperation programme, Alpine Space Interreg Illb, six « visions » of the Alps are proposed, each in the form of a map and a short description of future issues facing the area. The aim of these proposals is to provide a platform for debate between the different actors involved in this cooperation programme and to generate input for choosing the strategic directions that future alpine transnational cooperation will take (2007-2013). The proposals lead to a brief reflection on the role of the prospective study, and the interplay of actors in the Alps.
The uncertain landscape. Reflections on landscape temporalities in the Swiss context
Authors: Walter François
Published: February 2010

Abstract : How does one comprehend the landscape in terms of its multiple temporalities : the temporality of its variable ecological factors, the temporality of its social history, and the temporality of its representations ? The lability and plasticity of the real landscape contrast with a certain rigidity in the perceptive codes used by the landscape « reader ». Would the cultural unconscious deprived of picturesque images be able to find references in a changing environment that has no longer anything to do with certain out-dated fantasies of the memory ? When the loss of a reference framework clouds the understanding and returns the observer to a state of generalised opacity, the landscape becomes uncertain. Is there not a danger of it disappearing altogether if the beholder no longer knows how to contemplate it ?
Diachronie des représentations de l'activité agricole dans les procédures d'aménagement communales (Alpes françaises du Nord)
Authors: Vianey Gisèle
Published: February 2010

Résumé : Les outils de la géographie sociale servent à décrypter les accords - ou divergences de vues — pour conduire une analyse diachro- nique des documents d'aménagement dans quatre communes périurbaines et montrer que ces documents glissent de représentations de l'activité agricole vers celles d'espaces agricoles où à la fonction agricole sont associées des fonctions paysagères et environnementales. Dans ces constructions, les orientations retenues à l'échelle intercommunale viennent en appui pour légitimer les choix de l'échelle communale, choix qui vont de l'expression d'une rurbanisation ou périurbanisation reléguant l'agriculture sur les pentes, au maintien d'une agriculture sur des espaces à fort potentiel pour elle.
Diachrony of representations of agricultural activity in the planning and development procedures of communes
Authors: Vianey Gisèle
Published: February 2010

Abstract : Social geography tools are used to examine agreements - or disagreements - and to conduct a diachronic analysis of land-use planning documents in four peri-urban communes. It is shown that these documents tend to move away from representations of agricultural activity towards representations of agricultural space where landscape and environmental functions are combined with the agricultural function. In these constructions, the policies adopted at the intercommunal scale are used to support and legitimise choices made by each commune, choices that go from die expression of a process of rurbanisation or peri-urbanisation, where agriculture is relegated to the slopes, to the maintenance of agriculture in those areas where its potential is high.
Les censures romaines de Balzac
Authors: Artiaga Loïc
Published: February 2010

Between 1841 and 1864, Honoré de Balzac is condemned four times by the Index for 18 books.

The access 10 the Index files in Vatican allows to miderstand the reasons conditioning this cagerness of

the Holy See in reading La Comédie Humaine. Rome details the autor's philosophical System, bis

manners of diverting the religions lexicon, playing with morals, or forging ambiguous and pions characters. But this censures exercise is also a sort of new aesthetic cxperiment: the structural distance

between the institution and litterature is extended by a cultural gap. In spte of the will of Balzac to be posed as a Catholicism's defender, two antithetic universes are strugling: the world of the Letters

and the Roman curia's one.
Fertilité de la pierre dans Hérodias de Flaubert
Authors: Matthey Cécile
Published: February 2010

Dans Hérodias, le christianisme naît d'une terre qui l'avait couvée en son sein et qui se voit

sacrifiée pour lui. Le conte désigne en effet la citadelle de Machaerous comme le lieu de l'apparition même du sacré, comme la terre sainie par excellence. La révélation de la religion naissante n'est accompagnée d'aucun commentaire, comme si Flaubert cherchait à isoler le phénomène pour mieux le mettre en lumière. C'est dire que l'auteur centre le débat sur le surgissement du divin, sur l'espace qui l'accouche, plutôt que sur les présupposés moraux ou théologiques qui accompagnent généralement le récit religieux. Le sol, simple support géographique dans les textes chrétiens, semble gagner dans Hérodias une puissante conception.
Quand le diable s'en mêle... Damnation ou rédemption du virtuose?
Authors: Fauquet Joël-Marie
Published: February 2010

Doit-on, au nom de l'objectivité scientifique, rejeter l'apport de la légende dans la construction de l'image du virtuose? Pour répondre à la question, on envisage le cas de Nicolo Paganini dont le talent prodigieux subjugua les foules au point de les persuader que le diable était maître

du jeu. L'étude de quelques exemples pris dans la littérature et dans 1" iconographie de l'époque montre que l'idée d'une identification du virtuose au diable naît au XVlll1' siècle d'une expérience vécue par un autre violoniste, Giuseppe Tartini. Ainsi la collaboration du musicien et du démon devient, sous le symbole du «double», la condition d'un art dont la transcendance implique la

transgression. Le mythe de Faust la renforce avant que le concept de «l'inquiétante étrangeté» formé par Sigmund Freud l'explicite. Au-delà de l'anecdote, la légende du virtuose ayant pactisé avec le diable désigne donc un phénomène culturel aux connotations multiples. Loin de nous

éloigner de la réalité musicale il nous en rapproche, tout en montrant combien la fonction socioartislique du virtuose romantique comme médiateur est irremplaçable.
Ut musica poesis ? Littérature et virtuosité
Authors: Bordas Éric
Published: February 2010

This article focuses on a parlicular reference of literary metalanguage in order to speak about literature, and more specifically, poetry: virtuosity. Hugo's poetry has quite often been

labeled virtuoso, but many lexts of great novels by Balzac, Hugo, or Zola can also be analyzcd in this irans-aesthetic perspective. The metaphor is authorized by the primacy ofthe work oft he

rythm in the language -a perception of a temporal pulsation -that is one of the rare true points shared by these two opposing languages. But that temporal pulsation precisely leads to a

question about its own finality: why invoke a référence to virtuosity to comment on a poem or a

page of a novel? The answer is possibly in the tautology ofthe non-meaning of pure virtuosity, which returns literature to its vague ontological status and to the only affirmation of its discourse

as presence.
Qui va à la chasse? Sur le saint l'Hospitalier de Flaubert
Authors: Desportes Matthieu
Published: February 2010

La Légende dc saint Julien l'Hospitalier, premier (dans Tordre de la rédaction) des Trois Contes, peut être lue comme le récit de la vie d'un homme qui, pour avoir trop

aimé chasser, en vint à tuer ses parents et dut consacrer les derniers temps de son existence à chercher une rédemption, qu'il obtint si bien qu'il en fur sanctifié. Patiem ¬

ment préparée et longuement représentée par son auteur (deux chasses scandent la pro ¬ gression du héros vers un destin meurtrier), la vénerie trouverait donc tout légitimement

sa place dans le récit hagiographique. Sauf à prendre en compte certaines déclarations de Flaubert-, lequel dit s'être inspiré d'un vitrail dont on ne retrouve que peu de motifs

dans le conte. La chasse, ainsi, ne figure pas sur la verrière. On peut dès lors reconsidé ¬

rer le texte et la destinée de Julien comme étant déjà écrits, et voir comment Flaubert

s'amuse à figurer un parricide de tout temps à l'! uvre, les chasses de Julien ne servant

plus, alors, qu'à conlronter à ses actes, passés et à venir, un chasseur hanté.
Atalante : la flèche, l'épée et la quenouille
Authors: David-de-Palacio Marie-France
Published: February 2010

Episode mythologique, la chasse au sanglier de Calydon a su retenir l'attention des

écrivains de la fin du Xl. V siècle et du début du XIX'. A l'aide de deux poèmes tragiques anglais et allemand. Atalanta iu Calydon de Swinburne (1865) et Atalama d'Emil Ludwig

(191 1), cet article tente de montrer l'inflexion mise sur la féminisation de cène scène de chasse, via le conflit opposant la vierge chasseresse Atalante et la mère de Méléagre,

Althée. Repoussée par le groupe viril des chasseurs, jalousée par une mère protectrice, Atalante se voit reprocher de manier l'arc de préférence au fuseau. Et la chasse se solde par le duel d'AIthée et d'Atalante, tandis que gisent, vaincus, l'animal monstrueux er

l'homme énamouré.
Jules Michelet, l'idéologie du vivant
Authors: Rétat Claude
Published: February 2010

Eu rejetant une notion abstraite et fixe de la «race», Jules Michelet fait de la «race» un

élément constituant de l'histoire vivante, organique, qu'il veut écrire. 11 la leste: à des

«taces» en l'ait, il veut substituer des «races» liées à la «terre». 11 lui donne d'autre part un

rôle dialectique fon: la «race» est du côté de la «fatalité», l'histoire étant définie comme

une lutte où l'homme s'arrache au donné «fatal» pour aller vers la liberté, vers une créa ¬

tion qui culmine à la création de l'homme pat lui-même. La «race» est donc rejetée, au sens où elle est connotée d'une valeur négative, mais elle est fortement promue: elle prend consistance en devenant un acteur, répulsif mais essentiel, de l'histoire. L'article analyse ce

paradoxe du discours de Michelet: pour dépasser la «race», ou du moins quand il semble s'agir de la dépasser, Michelet a besoin de la notion de race, c'est alors qu'il l'active et qu'il lui donne de plus en plus corps. 11 lui donne rôle dans une refondation religieuse des

origines, dans une sorte de livre des genèses qui porte pronostic de vie ou de mort en termes de «race»: la Bible dc l'humanité veut refonder [' «humanité», en la soustrayant à la

fatalité, sans doute, mais en liquidant un «autre» au nom de la «race» et de ses fatalités.
Tours de ville frondeurs : les boulevards, la mort et la contestation (1815-1848)
Authors: Fureix Emmanuel
Published: February 2010

The Grands Boulevards a political space? Although this can hardly be doubted in our age of political demonstrations, this cannot so clearly be said for the Romantic period. The paper thus advances a history of political uses of these places where people otherwise strolled and relaxed, from the Restoration to the Republic (1815-1848). Processions of dissenters gathered during the funerals of opposition leaders. A political language came into being as these ritualized •Paris crossings” progressed, to the point of making the Grands Boulevards a metaphor for public opinion. In the same way, despite great efforts on the part of the July Monarchy, the government was never able to reclaim this site as its sovereign space. The largely mythical identification of the Grands Boulevards with the •people of Paris” thus became solidly rooted in our collective imagination.
Barbey d'Aurevilly, Le Chevalier Des Touches : questions de genre
Authors: Soutet Josette
Published: February 2010

Le Chevalier Des Touches est un roman où la notion de genre •genre sexuel, genre littéraire •est des plus problématiques. La dégradation du modèle épique (observé à partir de la réflexion d’Aristote, d’Hegel et de Luckàcs) en héroï-comique et du merveilleux en féerie, notamment, se placerait dans le sillage de la mode de «l’antiquité travestie» au XIX e siècle. Cette hypothèse, eu égard aux polémiques suscitées par la parodie d’Homère (Offenbach, Daumier), remet sensiblement en cause le projet apologétique de la chouannerie et, par là même, le soutien de Barbey à la cause légitimiste. Les maîtres dont Barbey se réclame (Fielding, inventeur du trop subtil «poème prosaï-comi-épique», Corneille, père de la «comédie héroïque») ou qu’il désavoue (Walter Scott, créateur du roman historique), ajoutent à l’ambiguïté. Hybride, ce roman témoigne d’une crise d’identité politique.
L'Économie saisie par la statistique
Authors: Klotz Gérard
Published: February 2010

Nowadays citizens are expected to get acquainted with the so many social and economic data diffused by the different media. This information that actually serves to fuel the democratic debate is the natural outcome of an ongoing historic process that was initiated during the 18 th century. This process yet accelerated during the 19 th century. In this paper and thanks to the writings of authors highly representative of their time, we are showing that statistical publications are closely related to the more or less centralised political regimes of the time and to the great economic and social questions that were debated in that century. Statistics appears as •history’s mirror image”, but as far as economics is concerned one must remark that the result is much les convincing. Indeed mathematics and statistics followed a comparatively independent course and they were to be integrated only from mid 20 th century in what is now called econometric models.
L'« ère marshallienne »: équilibre, bien-être et question sociale dans l’Angleterre victorienne
Authors: Martinoia Rozenn
Published: February 2010

lisation and the institutionnalisation of the discipline. In relation to contemporary economics: the history of ideas held his analysis in words of static partial equilibrium, but present research is tending towards other problematics recalled by Marshall, and his analysis in words of surplus, strongly criticized in economic literature, goes on being used practically in public economy.
Nietzsche et Victor Hugo
Authors: Le Rider Jacques
Published: February 2010

Since the middle of the eighties Nietzsche is taking a keen interest in French contemporary literature. Victor Hugo appears to him the typical European "romantic decadent”, according to the signs he analyses in the case of Richard Wagner. That "French Wagner”, whom Nietzsche seems to know only by second-hand and in a rather oversimplifying way •he adopts the critical opinions expressed by Baudelaire and Bourget •was one of those •theatrical demagogues and mass leaders” emerging during periods of cultural decay. Nietzsche also emphasizes the interpenetration of arts in Victor Hugo’s practice: literature, painting, music. But he does not appreciate such a trend to a total work of art. As a follower of Goethe, Nietzsche has gone back to Weimarian classicism as well as to a strict idea of sound distinction of genres.
Il nous faut dire la fin, et parler d'Âge romantique
Authors: Polet Jean-Claude
Published: February 2010

nes ou condamnée à se prétendre, en dépit de toute norme, l'ultime revendication de la liberté de parole (dire tout, n'importe quoi, se taire, n'importe comment). Le phénix de l'expression renaît cependant des cendres de l' Âge romantique pour introniser peu à peu un nouveau régime du sens et de la rhétorique, fondé sur une analyse attentive des discours et sur un usage modeste du langage. Cette rénovation présente de remarquables analogies avec celle qu'a connue le XV e siècle, où Lorenzo Valla, plus que tout autre sans doute, a compris que tout art de dire, de savoir et d'enseigner est fondé sur l'adéquation de la langue au réel tel qu'il peut être directement connu.
A NEW BOMBYCID
Authors: Ottolengui R.
Published: February 2010

Cisthene striata, nov. sp.—Antennae and palpi black. Head, pro-thorax and patagia creamy, the prothorax of a deeper shade. Thorax above dull gray. Abdomen rose coloured above and laterally, gray ventrally, Legs brorwnish-gray.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF ORTHEZIA
Authors: Tinsley J. D.
Published: February 2010

Orthezia cheilanthi, n. sp.—Adult ♀ Length, 3.5 mm. Width, 3-3.5 mm. Length + ovisac, 6-8 mm. Width of Ovisac 3-4 mm. Body above covered with whtie secretion, which forms lateral and sub. dorsal longitudinal keels. A well-defined subdorsal furrow between the keels and the lateral margin formed by 3 or more rows of paltes; these are smaller than the projecting marginal plates, which are flattened; caudal plate and the 3 or 4 plates on each side of it very little longer than the lateral plates. The structure of the secretion is compact; in most of the other species of Orthezia it is fluffy.
CATOCALA ILLECTA, Walk.
Authors: Moffat Alston
Published: February 2010

In March last, Mr. E. N. Laing, of Essex, Ont. one of our young collectors, whilst on a visit to London availed himself of the opportunity to obtain the names of his captures. Whilst I was looking over his collection, a Catocala, with something quite unusual in its appearance to me, arrested my attention; and on comparing it with those in the Society's possession I found it was not there represented. Upon turning up Mr. Strecker's “ Lep. Rhop. Et. Het” I found it therein vividly portrayed on Plate XI., fig. 9 and named by him Catocala magdalena. Not finding that name in Smith's list of 1891, I had to turn up the Synonymy, and found that it was known as C. Illecta of Walker.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES, OR THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA
Authors: Ashmead William H.
Published: February 2010

For many years past, those most interesting of Hymenopterous insects—the Horntails and Sawflies — have received the closest study by some of the ablest Hymenopterists of the world. Cresson and Norton, in America; Newman, Westwood, Kirby, and Cameron, in England; Klug, Hartig, and Konow, in Germany; Lepeletier and Andrè, in France; and Thompson, in Sweden, have all contributed much to our knowledge of these insects, and made decided improvements in their classification.
NOTES ON PHILANTHUS
Authors: Dunning N.
Published: February 2010

I have been so fortunate as to have, while making the following notes, the collection of Philanthus belonging to the Academy of Natural Sciences before me.

Philanthus Sanborni, Cress. (Philanthus Trumani, Dun. Ent. News, VIII.,70, ♂, not ♀.)

This species does not always have the W-shaped mark on face described by Cresson.
DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE GEOMETRINA OF NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Hulst Geo. D.
Published: February 2010

Leptomeris nigrodiscalis, n. sp.

Expands 24 mm. Palpi and front black; vertex ochre-white; antennæ whitish below, blackish or smoky above; thorax and abdomen white, slightly ochre stained. Fore wings white, with four somewhat indistinct, broad, even, wavy, ochre lines, the first well out from base, the second just outside of discal spot, the third in outer space, the fourth marginal; hind wings with corresponding broad lines; discal points prominent, rather large, jet black; four fine marginal black points below apex on fore wings; beneath more diffuse, more fuscous, less ochreous, the lines less determinate; discal spots not so marked, black points as above on margins of fore wings, and some appearing below apex along margin on hind wings.
THE IMPORTATION OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE, ASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS, FROM JAPAN
Authors: Webster F. M.
Published: February 2010

In Entomological News, Vol. IX., pp. 95–96, Mr. T.D.A. Cockerell states that Mr. Alexander Craw, quarantine officer at San Francisco, California, had “two or three times” found Aspidiotus perniciosus on trees from Japan, and notably, on a plum tree that arrived January 25th, 1898.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF KERMES FROM KANSAS
Authors: Bogue E. E.
Published: February 2010

Kermes pubescens, Bogue, n. sp.

♀ scale spheroidal, 3½ mm. in diameter, 3 high; pointed and grooved beneath; covered all over with short straggling whitish pubescence. Colour rather light brown, with more or less obscure and suffused dark brown bands marking the obsolete segments. Surface shining, with minute concolorous speck, but no dark spots or pits.
THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF XIPHIDIUM IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Authors: Scudder Samuel H.
Published: February 2010

The following table made as simple as possible, and based almost exclusively upon the female sex, will serve to distinguish the species of Xiphidium hitherto described or recorded from the United States and Canada. It included only the species of Xiphidium proper; i. e., those of slender form with straight or nearly straight ovipositor, excluding the stouter species with distinctly arcuate ovipositor, commonly referred to Orchelimum, though both are classed together by Redtenbacher.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE GEOMETRINA OF NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Hulst Geo. D.
Published: February 2010

Diastictis benigna, n. sp.

Expands 23 mm. Palpi rather long, heavy, drooping, blue-gray; front, thorax and abdomen blue-gray, the latter whitish lined posteriorly on segments. Fore wings bluish-gray, lightest on middle field, mixed with some black scales; basal line faint or obsolete, marked by a black spot on costa; middle line beginning with black spot at costa, then through black lengthened discal spot, then obsolete; outer line with black spot at costa, otherwise obsolete; outer field darker towards margin, with a large brown submarginal shading between 3 and 5. Hind wings even, smooth, blue-gray. Beneath dark bluidh fuscous on all wings, becoming blackish along outer margins; costa of fore wings speckled with black and gray.
A GENERIC REVISION OF THE LACHNEIDÆ (LASIOCAMPIDÆ)
Authors: Dyar Harrison G.
Published: February 2010

The genera of the same regions are included in the present paper as in a former one on Hypogymnidæ (Can. Ent., XXIX., 12). The palæarctic Lachneids of the old world have been admirably treated by Aurivillius (Iris, Dresden, vii., 121–185), and I am indebted to his work for valuable information, as well as to the works of Kirby and Hampson. In going over the literature I did not always confirm Kirby's types of the genera; but rather than disturb the matter again, I have accepted them as modified by Aurivillius; but with the restoration of Hübner's Tentamen names, I drop Gastropacha, as it is a synonym of Lasiocampa, being proposed in the same sense to include all the species of the family. Following Wallengren, I separate catax and rimicola from Eriogaster as defined by Aurivillius for convenience in the table, though I do not doubt that the venation is as variable as Aurivillius states (Iris, vii., 147). I cannot separate the new genus Paralebeda, Auriv., from Odonestis by anything that is stated.
NOTE ON THE DIURNALS
Authors: Grote A. Radcliffe
Published: February 2010

Mancipium brassicœ.—Dr. Chapman writes me that certain specimens of this common species examined by him showed the very short veinlet III. 3+4. This veinlef constantly diminishes in size, progressing towards the tip of the wing to finally vanish, through many forms fo the Pieridœ. I had indeed expected it to be occasionally prersistent in brassicœ, although my preparations did not show it. It has disappeared in Pontia daplidice, in Nathalis iole, and strange to say in that curious and now isolated Pierid, Gonophlebia paradoxa. This variability, in one and the same species, is interesting because it follows the general evolutionary direction of the changes in the venation. Always the radial branches in the Pierids and other groups tend to diminish in number. Always the disintegration of the Media advances, until it finally disappears, as a system, from the surface of the wing (Rothschildia, Samia, Potamis, etc.). A parallel case to that of brassicœ is offered by Copismerinthus ocellata. In some specimens of this Hawk Moth, vein IV, is still thrown off from the cross vein of the hind wings, instead fo the Radius, which it has usually ascended to beyond the cell. We must regard these as instances of generalization in the individual, of a reversion to what was formerly the rule and is now becoming, by slow degrees, the exception.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES, OR THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA
Authors: Ashmead William H.
Published: February 2010

No species seems to be known in this family outside of the European and North American faunas, and very few species are described. The group was first treated as a subfamily by Newman as early as 1834.

The imagoes appear very early in the year, or in February, March and April, deposit their eggs and then disappear, the consequence being that very few are taken and only a few of the commoner forms are known. With more careful collecting early in the season, however, the probabilities are that many more species will be discovered in our fauna.

The imagoes of three distinct species of these insect, representing as many genera, have been bred recently from the larvæ by Dr. H. G. Dyar, and we are not only indebted to him for the first authentic life-history of a species in this group, but also for the first scientific description of the larva. His recent discovery of a large undescribed species in the rare genus Pleuroneura was most unexpected.
ON THE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE “WOOD ENGRAVER” AMBROSIA BEETLE–XYLEBORUS XYLOGRAPHUS (Say), XYLEBORUS SAXESENI (Ratz.) – WITH BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF DIFFERENT STAGES.
Authors: Hopkins A. D.
Published: February 2010

The Ambrosia beetles of the Scolytid genus Xyleborus present many features of interest to the student of systematic and economic entomology, and in Xyleborus xylographus we find a cosmopolitan species of unusual interest.
NOTES ON CHLOROTETTIX, WITH SOME NEW SPECIES
Authors: Baker C. F.
Published: February 2010

Chlorotettix unicolor, Fitch.—An examination of the Fitch type in the National Museum shows this to be the form described by Mr. Van Duzee as galbanata. As this will leave Mr. Van Duzee's unicolor without a name, it may be known as Vanduzei. Vanduzei differs from all the other described species in a character not before noted—the ocelli are distant from the eyes,—while in all others they are about as near as their own width or nearer. Differing thus widely from other species referred here, Vanduzei must still remain the type of the genus, which should perhaps be used for it alone. The male of unicolor, Fh.. closely resembles in genital characters that of spatulatus which I have from Kansas and Texas.
DIASPIS AMYGDALI IN MASSACHUSETTS
Authors: Cooley R. A.
Published: February 2010

In January of this year Mr. A. H. Kirkland sent me specimens of a scale insect he had taken from Prunus mume at the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass., which on examination proved to be Diaspis amygdali, Tryon. A little later Mr. Kirkland sent me more specimens which he had taken from Prunus subhirtella at the Arboretum. Specimens of the scale were sent to Dr. L. O. Howard, who confirmed my identification, stating also that he had asked Mr. Coquillett to examine the specimens and had received the report that he could find no difference between them and Diaspis amygdali. The infested trees came from Japan, the Prunus mume in the spring of 1894 and the Prunus subhirtella in the spring of 1897.
NEW COCCIDAE
Authors: Ehrhorn Edw. M.
Published: February 2010

Eriococcus adenostomae, n. sp.

♀ enclosed in an oval (at one end more or less pointed) sac about 3 mm. long and 1½ mm. broad, wooly, snow-white, of uniform texture.

♀ oval, about half again as long as broad, dark purple, turning bright crimson when placed in K. H. O. Body about 1½ mm. long. Antennae light brown, 7-jointed, formula: approximately (347) (12) 56, joint 3 equal 5+6. Most of the joints with hairs; joint 7 with several comparatively long hairs.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES, OR THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA
Authors: Ashmead William H.
Published: February 2010

After the removal of the Strongylogasterinœ, which, to a certain extent, from a connecting link between this family and the Tenthredinidæ, but which, on account of their elongate shape and their cephalic and abdominal characteristics, I have placed with the latter family rather than retain here, there need be no difficulty in separating the Selandriidœ from all the other families by the characters made use of in my table.
NOTE ON THE LARVA OF MELANOMMA AURICINCTARIUM, GROTE.
Authors: Dyar Harrison G.
Published: February 2010

This genus will have to be transferred to the Noctuidæ.

Larva cylindrical feet normal on joints 7–10, 13, about equally developed. Tubercles minute, setæ long, fine, iv. opposite the lower edge of the spiracle, a little nearer to v. than to iii., and rather far behind the spiracle; setæ single, several on the smooth leg plates. Segments obscurely 5-annulate. All green; spiracles small, brown; no marks; cervical shield and anal plate uncornified, invisible. (Head broken off.) Feeds on “hockelberry” (Vaccinium?).
NOTES ON SOME ONTARIO ACRIDIIDÆ
Authors: Walker E. M.
Published: February 2010

10. Arphia sulphurea, Fabricius.

Gryllus sulphureus, Fab. Species Insectorum, I., 369 (1781).

Acrydium sulphureum, Palisot de Beauvois. Ins. d'Afr., et d'Am., 145 (1817).

Œdipoda sulphurea, Burm. Handbuch, II., 643 (1838).

Locusta sulphurea, Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg., 177 (1862).

Tomonotus sulphureus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool., XIII., 321 (1862).

Arphia sulphurea, Sauss. Prodromus Œd. Ins., etc., 71 (1884).

This species is one of the earliest to appear in the spring, making itself conspicuous on the wing by its bright yellow wings and rattling stridulation. It is quite common about Toronto in open, sandy, uncultivated lands, especially where these are scattered with low bushes and scrubby trees. I have never seen it about Lake Simcoe, though there are spots there which would apparently make a suitable home for it.
DIASPIS AMYGDALI, Tryon.
Authors: Lounsbury C. P.
Published: February 2010

The article on Diaspis amygdali Tryon, by Professor Webster, in the April issue of this magazine, has left me with the impression that the introduction of this insect to several widely separated sections of the United States has not aroused the apprehension among American entomologists that the advent of a pest of its importance justifies. The quotation from Mr. Tryon's letter to the effect that the insect is neither widely distribued nor destructive in Queensland is too reassuring. It constrains me to emphasize the fact that the species is a highly injurious one in Cape Colony. A brief account of its occurrence here may not be uninteresting.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES, OR THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA
Authors: Ashmead William H.
Published: February 2010

This family is very sharply separated from the Selandriidœ, Dineuridœ and the Tenthredinidœ by having only one marginal cell in the front wings, while from the Hylotomidœ, Lophyridœ, Perreyiidœ and the Pterygophoridœ which also have only one marginal cell, it is readily distinguished by pteropterological and antennal characters, and especially by the basal nervure in front wings uniting with the subcostal vein far from the origin of the cubitus.
THE FREEZING OF INSECTS
Authors: Lyman Henry H.
Published: February 2010

In the 22nd Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, being that for 1891, there appeared a paper from my pen under the title “Can Insects Survive Freezing?”

I have recently come across further records of observations upon this subject, and deem them of sufficient interest to be republished in the Canadian Entomologist.

In looking over and interesting book of travels entitled “A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean, undertaken by order of the Hudson's Bay Company for the discovery of copper mines, a north-west passage, etc., in the years 1769, 1770, 1771 and 1772, by Samuel Hearne,” published in 1796, I came across the following interesting notes on page 397
PANURGINUS CLYPEATUS
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

In Canad. Entom., 1897, p. 290, I referred the Calliopsis clypeatus, Cresson, to Panurginus. I had considered it probable that Panurgus clypeatus, Eversmann, 1852, was really a Panurginus, but not sufficiently sure to venture upon changing the name of our insect.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF LECANIUM FROM CANADA
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

Lecanium (Eulecanium) caryarum, n. sp.—♀. Scale (after producing young) somewhat variable in form, from long. 6, lat. 3½, alt. 2⅔ mm., to long. 5½, lat. 4⅓ alt. 3¼ mm., the more swollen individuals probably affected by parasites; outline in transverse section nearly hemispherical, in longitudinal section more or less low-pyramidal, with the posterior slope considerably the shortest, the apex of the pyramid marked by a more or less prominent boss, sometimes inclined to be double. Colour of scale dark chestnut; sides pitted and plicate to a variable degree.
THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA
Authors: Wickham H. F.
Published: February 2010

Resembles the preceding genus in form, but the angulation or tuberculation of the prothoracic flanks is better marked. The Canadian species are few. Mr. Leng has thus defined them, following, in the main, a previous arrangement of Dr. Horn:

A. Front flat, mouth in same plane. Elytra without angular mark posteriorly, sides of thorax arcutate, the spine small and acute. Elytra without erect scales. .24–.48 in……… variegatus, Hald.
NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN BEES
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

Chelynia rubifloris, n. sp.—♀. Eight mm. long, black, with sparse grayish and white pubescence. Head almost as large as thorax, quadrate, produced behind the eyes, checks very broad; cheeks, vertex and face very strongly and closely punctured; region of antennae with some dull white hair; ocelli in a triangle; antennae rather short, black, last joint compressed, funicle longer than first flagellar joint, first flagellar joint conspicuously longer than second or third; clypeus broad and low, punctured all over, its anterior margin bearing a small tooth at each side, and in the middle a long, narrow projection, like the thoracic spine of some species of Oxybelus. Mandibles black, stout, obscurely bidentaie at the obliquely truncate ends. Labrum greatly produced, hollowed beneath, sides parallel, end truncate. Tongue very long, linear; maxillae greatly elongated; penultimate jount of labila palpi boradened at apex, shorter than the last; basal joint not quite half, but more than one-third, length of second; maxillary palpi small, three-jointed, the joints subequal. Thorax rather small, strongly and closely punctured; base of metathorax coarsely wrinkled, bounded by an obtuse rim. Tegulae black, punctured. Wings smoky, nervures and stigma black, stigma well-fromed but small; marginal cell long, with an obtuse apex away from costa; two submarginal cells, second receiving first recurrent nervure at a distance from base nearly equal to length of first recurrent nervure at a distance form base nearly equal to length of first transverso-cubital nervure, and second recurrent very near the apex. Legs baack, with thin whitish pubscence. Abdomen punctured, with obsure silvery pile towards the end; hind margins of segments with white hair-bands, very broadly interrupted on the first three segments, on the first reduced to lateral patches. Venter with a fairly abundant white scopa.
THE LABELING OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
Authors: Stevenson Charles
Published: February 2010

During a visit to Great Britain a few years ago I looked over a numbered of the Entomological collections in the public Museums there. The specimens in them were labeled so as to show the order, sub-order, and family that they belonged to and their individual scientific names. with few exceptions there were no records of their geographical distribution, and when information of habitation was given it was of a wide nature, as North America, Asia, or Europe. Data of seasonal appearance or date of capture were entirely absent. Since then I have foudn that many collections on this side of the Atlantic are in the same condition, and private collections in particular. That such information should be wanting, especially in a public collection, is to be regretted; for however beautifully mounted, classified and correctly named the specimens may be, they are of little paractical value. The biological student gets no more information than he would form any entomological publication containing plates, unless it be the identification of some rare insect. The reasont that public collections are lacking in such data is because they have been built up from donations or by purchase – and until recent years the study of insects rarely consisted of more than collecting, mounting, naming, and placing in classified order. This can be remedied by the present-day collector, professional or amateur.
NEW SPECIES OF CHIONASPIS AND NOTES ON PREVIOUSLY KNOWN SPECIES
Authors: Cooley R. A.
Published: February 2010

In the Canadian Entomologist, Vol XXVII. page 33 (1895), Professor T. D. A. Cockerell stated that Dr. James Fletcher and just sent him a species of Chionaspis from Charlottetown, Prince Elward Island — very abundant on the bark of Betula papyrifera – and that in comparing it with Prof. Costomck's description of C. Lintneri he believed it to be that species. Following the description of the Prince Edward Island specimens, Prof. Cockerell drew attention to a few probable points of difference between it and Prof. Comstock's description, but as he could find no positive differences he did not separate the form on Betula, inferring that the discrepancy was due either to variation in his specimens or the incompleteness of Prof. Comstock's description. I have since received specimens of the form on Betula papyrifera from Prof. Comstock and Dr. J. A. Lintner, and latter gentleman has also lent me Prof. Comstock's co-types of C. Lintneri. On comparing the two I was at aonce convinced that they were distinct, and upon giving Prof. Cockerell my reasons for thinking that the two insects could not be identical, he advised me to separate the form on Betula.
TRYPETA SOLIDAGINIS
Authors: Snyder A. O.
Published: February 2010

A year ago last autumn, while rambling about the fields, we took especial notice of the galls upon the golden-rod. We saw that there were two kinds, the elongated and the round. We knew that from the former came a tiny moth, well-known to us, and from the latter a fly with which we were not familiar, or, if familiar, not known to come from this gall. The elongated galls were all empty, but the round ones we found upon examination contained each a small white grub. We gathered a quantity of the galls and placed them in a jelly glass on the writing table where they would be constantly before us for observation.
THE STENOPELMATINAE OF THE PACIFIC COAST
Authors: Scudder Samuel H.
Published: February 2010

A greater variety of generic types will be found among the Stenopelmatinae of the Pacific Coast of the United States than in any other district of equivalent area in our country. I have therefore throught it well to make a list of them in connection with the description of a few new forms from that region. We owe our knowledge of the Orthoptera of that district mainly to the collections of Messrs. Henry Edwards, Behrens, Crotch, and latterly Morse.
CHRYSOPHANUS THOK OF GRAY – WHY IS IT NOT C. HYLLUS, CRAMER?
Authors: Butler A. G.
Published: February 2010

In my Catalogue of Fabrician Diurnal Lepidoptera, p. 173, I (in 1869) unhesitatingly identified examples of a Chrysophanus in the British Museum collection with Cramer's Papilio hyllus, and at the present time I do not see the slightest valid reason for altering that decision.

In his “Butterflies of the Eastern United States,” Dr. Scudder, at the end of his synonomy of Chrysophanus thoe, says, “Not Papilio hyllus, Cram.”; but, in his account of the species, I find no reason adduced for this assumption, though I can readily believe that the incorrect locality, “Smyrna,” given by Cramer, and the somewhat careless drawing of the spots across the disk of primaries, may have influenced him.
SOME NEW SPECIES OF DELTOCEPHALUS
Authors: Ball E. D.
Published: February 2010

Resembling imputans, Osb. & Ball, but with a much longer vertex; vertex longer than in producta, Walk. Olive green, a spot on the middle and another at the tip of each elytron and all below balck. Length, ♀, 4 mm.; ♂, 3.5 mm.; width, 1.75 mm.

Vertex flat, strongly acutely angled, the tip rounding, almost twice as long as the pronotum, fully twice longer than width between eyes, margin sharp, angle with the face acute; front depressed, almost as much above the ocelli as below, lateral margins straight, continuous with those of the clypeus; lorae small, two-thirds the width of the clypeus; pronotum over twice wider than long — half the length within the anterior curve; elytra flaring, venation of the reflex-veined type, the second cross nervure wanting.
TWO BRITISH AMERICAN NOCTUIDS
Authors: Smith John B.
Published: February 2010

Among the material sent me for determination by Mr. A. W. Hanham were several species that appear to be undescribed. Some of these have been already published, and others are in the hands of publishers. The following two species are presented at this time because they are referred to in Mr. Hanham's list now published in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.