bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan antara status gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY), status anemia dengan prestasi belajar anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Dairi Provinsi Sumatra Utara
Authors: Sihite Gema TD , Sudargo Toto , Adiyanti M G
Published: March 2019

Background: Disorders resulting from iodine deficiency and anemia will decrease learning achievement among elementary school children. Iodine deficiency has negative impacts on the growth of nervous cells that, in turn, influence their intelligence and learning ability. Also, the anemia condition will cause difficulties in logic and analogous thinking and decrease of concentration to study that have a negative impact in the form of declined learning achievement among the students.Objectives: To examine relationship between status of iodine deficiency disorder and learning achievement of elementary school children, examine relationship between status of anemia and learning achievement of elementary school children, and examine relationship between status of iodine deficiency disorder and status of anemia among the elementary children in Dairi District North Sumatra.Methods: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. The study population was all elementary school children in Dairi District and selected samples were 247 individuals. These samples were selected using multistage sampling design, where subjects were randomly selected. Data were processed with univariate analysis and statistical test was a bivariate using chi square test to find out relationship between status of iodine deficiency disorder and learning achievement among the elementary school children, relationship between status of anemia and learning achievement among elementary school children, and relationship between status of iodine deficiency disorder and status of anemia among the elementary school children. The entire data were processed with a computer.Results: The study indicated that there was relationship between status of iodine deficiency disorder and learning achievement among the elementary school children (p=0.000. There was also relationship between status of anemia and learning achievement among the elementary school children (p=0.001, OR=2.365), but there was no relationship between status of iodine deficiency disorder and status of anemia among the elementary school children (p=0.749).Conclusion: There were significant relationship between status of iodine deficiency disorder and status of anemia and learning achievement of elementary school children (p=0.001).
Kejadian mikropenis pada anak obes
Authors: Basuki Siswanto , Julia Madarina , Machfudz Soeroyo
Published: March 2019

Background : Obese children are more likely to have less testosterone, which may lead to disorder of penile development.Objectives : To assess the association between obesity in children and the occurrence of micropenis. Methods : TA cross sectional study was carried out in 36 obese and 28 non- obese pubertal male children (10-13 years old) and 49 obese and 36 non-obese prepubertal male children (4-7 years old). Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) equivalent to or above the 95th percentile of the CDC 2000 growth reference standard. Length of the penis was measured perpendicular to the surface of the os symphysis pubis to the tip of the glans penis. Skinfold thickness was measured on the area of mons pubis using a caliper. Volume of the testis was measured using an orchidometer. Results : The mean (SD) of penis length in 36 pubertal obese and 28 non-obese children were 5.56 (1.14) cm and 6.05 (1.37) cm, respectively; whereas the mean (SD) of penis length in 49 pre-pubertal obese and 39 non-obese children were 5.09 (0.76) cm and 5.36 (0.56) cm, respectively. There was significant difference in the mean (95% CI) length of penis in pubertal obese and non-obese children (p = 0.04). Fisher's exact test showed that the occurrence of micropenis was not associated with obesity, age, fat thickness on mons pubis, and volume of the testicles.Conclusion : There was no significant difference in the occurrence of micropenis, but there was significant difference in the mean length of penis in obese children and children with normal age-related body mass index.
Tekanan darah siswa sekolah dasar obes dan tidak obes di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Huriyati Emy , Julia Madarina
Published: March 2019

Background: In adulthood, obesity is related to the increasing of mortality risk as the effect of cardiovascular diseases. Adulthood obesity is often started from childhood. Besides obesity causes, risk of cardiovascular are influenced by blood pressure as well.Objective: The study was proposed to compare blood pressure of obese and non-obese students.Method: The study was conducted among 52 obese and 52 non-obese students aged 9–12 years old matched with age and sex. Subjects were obtained through obesity screening among obese students. The criteria of obesity were BMI to age in or over 95 percentage of CDC 2000 standard. Blood pressure was measured three times at three different days with quicksilver sphygmomanometer. Its method was adjusted to Task Force on Blood Pressure in Children instruction.Results: Mean of systolic blood pressure of obese students was 109.2 (6.0) mmHg, higher than non-obese, 89.4 (6.9) mmHg. The different mean (CI 95%) of systolic blood pressure of both group was 19.9 (17.3-22.4) mmHg, p < 0.001. Mean of diastolic blood pressure of obese students was 72.4 (4.9) mmHg, while non-obese was 58.1 (8.1) mmHg. The different mean (CI 95%) of diastolic blood pressure of both group was 14.3 (11.6-16.9) mmHg, p < 0.001. Obese students had relative risk of systolic blood pressure (CI 95%) 22.5 (5.8-88.0) times higher than non-obese students. Relative risk of diastolic blood pressure of obese students (CI 95%) was 3.7 (2.4-5.8) times higher than that of non-obese students.Conclusion: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of obese students were higher than that of non-obese students.
Determinan keberhasilan program suplementasi zat besi pada siswi sekolah
Authors: Briawan Dodik , Adriyani Ari , Pusporini Pusporini
Published: March 2019

Background: The iron supplementation program is implemented in many countries for improving the iron status. However, this program is not always successfully reducing the prevalence of anemia due to the various factors.Objective: To determine the success factors of iron supplementation program at the female school students. Method: The program of iron supplementation at the school was run by the Health Office of Bekasi City. The pre-post design study was applied among junior and senior high school female students. The variables collected were age, health status, menstrual pattern, hand washing habit, body mass index, capsule compliance, and food consumption. The hemoglobin (Hb) was measured by cyanmethemoglobin method. The logistic regression was applied to analyses the determinant factors.Results: The prevalence of anemia among female students was decreased by 3.4% after four month of supplementation. However, its result was different between the junior and senior high school students, in fact the prevalence of anemia at the junior students was increased. The number of students at the junior high school who decreased in hemoglobin and became anemia were more than the senior high school. The logistic regression analyses showed that the success determinant of iron supplementation program were students not anemic before supplementation (OR = 10.81; 90% CI: 7.04-16.50) and they used to hand washing (OR = 11.22; 90% CI: 1.90-64.60).Conclusion: After the iron supplementation program, the decrease prevalence of anemia was different between the junior and senior high school students. The determinants of success program were hand washing habits and the anemia status before supplementation.
Pola asuh, pola makan, asupan zat gizi dan hubungannya dengan status gizi anak balita masyarakat Suku Nuaulu di Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah Provinsi Maluku
Authors: Asrar Muhamad , Hadi Hamam , Boediman Dradjat
Published: March 2019

Background: Nomadic life of Nuaulu Tribe results in rearing pattern, eating pattern, and food consumption which affect their nutritional status.Objective: To identify the relationship between rearing pattern, eating pattern, nutrient intake, and nutritional status of under-fives of Nuaulu tribal community at Subdistrict of Amahai, District of Maluku Tengah, Province of Maluku.Method: This was an observational analytical study with cross sectional design. Subjects of the study were 68 under-fives of age 12 to 60 months from Nuaulu Tribal community at Sub district of Amahai. Data of rearing pattern were obtained from interviewing using questionnaire, data of eating pattern from food frequency questionnaire, data of nutrient intake from recall 24 hours, and data of nutritional status from anthropometric measurement. Data analysis used bivariable with chi-square, multivariate with double logistic regression.Results: Most samples had low category of rearing pattern (77.9%) and eating pattern (66.2%); whereas samples intake of energy and protein belonged to adequate category, that were 73.6% and 72.0%, respectively. Nutritional status based on index of weight/age of 20.6% samples belonged to undernourished category and 51.5% samples belonged to stunted category based on index of length/age. There were no significant relationship between rearing pattern and nutritional status based on index of weight/length and weight/age (p > 0.05), but there was relationship between them based on index of length/age (p < 0.05). Eating pattern and nutritional status based on index of weight/length and weight/age had no relationship (p > 0.05), but between eating pattern and nutritional status based on index of length/age had relationship (p < 0,05). There was significant relationship between energy intake and nutritional status based on index of weight/age and length/age (p < 0.05), but there was not based on weight/length index (p > 0.05). There was significant relationship between protein intake and nutritional status based on index of weight/age and length/age (p < 0.05); however the relationship was insignificant based on index of weight/length.Conclusion: There was significant relationship between rearing pattern and nutritional status based on index of length/age and so was between eating pattern and nutritional status based index of length/age. Energy, protein intake and nutritional status based on index of weight/age and length/age also had significant relationship.
Pola asuh ibu sebagai faktor risiko kejadian kurang energi protein (KEP) pada anak balita
Authors: Razak Adni Abdul , Gunawan I Made Alit , Budiningsari R Dwi
Published: March 2019

Background: Protein energy deficiency (PED) is one of nutrition disorders which happen to children under-five years. According to data of nutritional status examination result 2005 and 2006, the prevalence of PED at the Province of Sulawesi Tengah was 30.61% and 30.84%, whereas at District of Morowali was 11% and 11.6%. Lots of factors cause malnutrition among children under five, among others is imbalanced nutrient intake, infection, and rearing pattern of mothers comprising care and food supply.Objective: To identify rearing pattern of mothers as risk factor for the prevalence of PED in children under five. Method: This was an observational study with case control study design. Population and samples of the study were children under five suffering from PED as indicated from anthropometric standard weight for age according to standard of WHO National Child Health Standard (NCHS), i.e. < -2 elementary school to ≥ -3 elementary school. The controls were children under five who did not suffer from PED. Respondents consisted of mothers of children who had PED and did not have PED that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables observed were rearing pattern, infection as confounding variable and nutritional status. Nutritional status of children with PED and without PED was processed using index of weight for age against standard of WHO-NCHS. Chi-square and odds ratio were used to identify rearing pattern as risk factor for PED.Results: The result of the study showed that there were 23 mothers (57.5%) practicing poor rearing pattern in children with PED and there were 35 mothers (87.5%) practicing good rearing pattern in children without PED. The result of statistical test showed p < 0.05, i.e. p = 0.001, so there was significant difference in rearing pattern of mothers which consisted of knowledge, attitude and practice in the care and food supply of children under five.Conclusion: Poor rearing pattern of mothers brought greater risk for children with PED than good rearing pattern in the care and food supply of children under-five.
Pola makan berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik pada lanjut usia di Poliklinik Geriatri RSUP Sanglah Denpasar
Authors: Dewi IGA Sagung Kusuma , Pramantara I Dewa Putu , Pangastuti Retno
Published: March 2019

Background: Food intake is a factor determining health status and risk for degenerative diseases including metabolic syndrome. The fundamental function of someone’s nutritional status in the process of the emergence of generative disease and metabolic syndrome can be identified through the effect of food to the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia or glucose tolerance disorder.Objective: To identify the association between eating pattern and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the elderly at Geriatric Polyclinic of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.Method: The study was analytic observational with matched case control study design using ratio 1:1. There were 80 samples consisting of 40 as control group and 40 as cases matched by age and gender. Eating pattern was identified through food frequency questionnaire and calculated and compared to the need. Statistical analysis used chi square and risk factors were measured using odds ratio (OR). Multivariate analysis used double logistic regression to find out risk factors dominantly affected metabolic syndrome.Result: The result of bivariate statistical test showed significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05) for energy intake (OR: 9.1; CI95%: 1.9-43.8), protein (OR: 3.8; CI95%: 1.5-9.7), fat (OR: 3.8; CI95%: 1.1-13.2), carbohydrate (OR:11.4; CI95%: 2.3-54.2). The result of multivariate analysis showed that the variables having dominant risk and significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome were carbohydrate consumption (OR: 8.1; CI95%: 1.29–50.89), fat consumption (OR: 4.9; CI95%: 1.17-20.61) and protein consumption (OR: 3.9; CI95%: 1.27-12.30).Conclusion: There was difference in eating pattern, i.e. high consumption of carbohydrate, fat and protein which became risk factor for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the elderly at Geriatric Polyclinic of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.
Status stunted dan hubungannya dengan perkembangan anak balita di wilayah pesisir Pantai Utara Kecamatan Lemahwungkuk Kota Cirebon
Authors: Hizni Alina , Julia Madarina , Gamayanti Indria Laksmi
Published: March 2019

Background: The problem of protein energy inadequacy is a major problem among under-fives that affects the process of child growth and development. The prevalence of stunted status among under-fives in developing countries in 2008 was estimated as much as 33%. In Cirebon Municipality the prevalence was 10.27% and in north coastal area of Cirebon Municipality was 11.4%.Objective: To identify the association between stunted status and development of under-fives at north coastal area of sub district of Lemahwungkuk Cirebon Municipality.Method: This was an observational study with a cross sectional design carried out at north coastal area of sub district of Lemahwungkuk Cirebon Municipality from November 2008 to January 2009. Subject of the study consisted of 166 under-fives and the respondents were parents of those children. Samples were chosen purposively. Research instruments consisted of questionnaire, length board, microtoise, forms, and Denver II test. Data analysis used chi square and logistic regression with confidence interval (CI) 95%.Result: There was significant association between stunted status and development of fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor capacity. There was significant association between education of mothers and personal social, fine motor adaptive, language and gross motor development. There was significant association between occupation of mothers and personal social, fine motor adaptive, language and gross motor development. There was significant association between stunted status, education of mothers, and occupation of mothers and child development. The result of multivariate analysis showed that stunted status had greater risk for delayed language development of under-fives than other indicators of child development.Conclusion: There was no association between stunted status and child development; however stunted status had greater risk for delay in language development, and risk factors dominantly affecting child development were occupation and education of mothers.
Tingkat konsumsi garam beryodium dan kaitannya dengan gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium ibu hamil
Authors: Irawati Tri Endang , Hadi Hamam , Widodo Untung
Published: March 2019

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) is one of main nutrition problems which cannot be eliminated until now in Indonesia. Total goiter rate (TGR) of school children increased from 9.8% in 1998 to 11.1% in 2003. In Gunung Kidul District, TGR of school was 12.2% and of pregnant mothers was 18.4% in 1996. One of efforts to overcome IDD is salt iodization. Result of a national survey of household iodized salt consumption in 2002 showed that only 68.53% of households consumed sufficient level of iodized salt, while salt monitoring at Gunung Kidul District in 2003 showed that only 73.08% of households consumed sufficient level of iodized salt. The low rate of consumption level of iodized salt may be caused by availability of salt with low iodine level (not as high as mentioned in the label), higher price of iodized salt and lack of knowledge about types and benefits of iodized salt among mothers.Objective: To identify consumption level of iodized salt and IDD status of pregnant mothers at IDD endemic area at Gunung Kidul District.Method: The study was an observational type which used cross sectional design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Subject of the study were pregnant mothers at their second trimester pregnancy.Results: Availability of iodized salt according to: quality was 81.1% low and 18.9% sufficient; types of salt was 17.6% coorse, 77.8% bricket, and 4.6% fine salt; price was 69.0% high and 31.0% not high; taste was 36.8% bitter and 63.2% not bitter. Analysis result of Pearson Chi-Square with Odds Ratio showed that there was relationship between quality and types of salt with consumption level of iodized salt in the household (p<0.05) with OR=20.50 for quality, and OR=43 for types. There was relationship between salt consumption level of urine iodine excretion with p<0.05 and OR=2.604. Median of urine iodine excretion level was 86.1µg/l which belonged to category of light IDD endemic area and there had been no change of endemic area status since 1996.Conclusion: There was significant relationship between quality and types of salt with consumption level of iodized salt. There was relationship between iodized salt consumption level and IDD. Iodized salt program was not yet effective and supply of iodine capsules should go on until it reached use of good iodized salt.
Senam bugar lansia berpengaruh terhadap daya tahan jantung paru, status gizi, dan tekanan darah
Authors: Thristyaningsih Sri , Probosuseno Probosuseno , Astuti Herni
Published: March 2019

Background: Aging that happens naturally in human life does not only cause physical dysfunction but also have an impact to mental and social aspects. In the elderly there is a problem of degenerative disease. Hypertension has become a serious health problem and a major challenge of public health worldwide because of either high prevalence or major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological efforts have been made to prevent and cure the disease; however until today the growing number of hypertensive patients has not been successfully controlled. Consequently behavioral intervention has to be made to cure hypertensive patients. One of the recommended interventions is fitness exercise for the elderly.Objective: The study aimed to identify the effect of fitness exercise to increasing stamina of heart and lung, nutrition status and reduced blood pressure of hypertensive elderly at integrated service post of Sub district of Pahandut, Palangkaraya Municipality.Method: The study was an experiment (before and after) without control group using one group pretest posttest study design. Subject of the study was a group with pre experimental, evaluation, effect of variables and post experimental evaluation. Measurement was made in week two, three and four to blood pressure, heart and lung stamina, nutrition status of hypertensive elderly, discipline in exercise and food recall 24 hours. The interventions made were lecture and fitness exercise package D for the elderly.Results: There was significant association between elderly fitness exercise and systolic blood pressure, heart and lung stamina and nutrition status of hypertensive elderly (p<0.05). Result of Wilcoxon signed ranks test and paired sample test between gymnastic elderly on increase of endure capacity heart lung are significantly associated (p=0,001) and so on nutritional status (p=0,002) and decrease systolic tension (p=0,001) and diastolic tension (p=0,002).Conclusion: There was significant association between elderly fitness exercise and the increase of heart and lung stamina, nutrition status and the decrease of blood pressure in hypertensive elderly.
Menu pilihan diit nasi yang disajikan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepuasan pasien VIP di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Gobel Sri Yunanci , Budiningsari R Dwi
Published: March 2019

Background: The provision of foods in hospitals often becomes a public concern, particularly in relation to patient satisfaction. This may be due to not only the psychological effect of sick ill people but also because foods as output of food provision does not often give satisfaction to the patient.Objective: To find out the effect of rice diet selective menu to satisfaction of VIP inpatients at local hospital of the Province of Sulawesi Tenggara.Method: A cross sectional study was conducted. Population of the study were VIP inpatiens; samples were patients that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria in September-December 2008. Samples were purposively taken. Data analysis used bivariate with chi square and multivariate with logistic regression test.Result: Out of 49 patients that got selected menu and standard menu in aspect of food appearance as many as 45 (91.8%) were satisfied in selected menu and 31 (63.3%) were satisfied in standard menu; in aspect of food taste 44 (89.8%) were satisfied in selected menu and 23 (46.9%) were satisfied in standard menu; in aspect of food serving 47 (95.9%) were satisfied in selected menu and 40 (81.6%) were satisfied in standard menu.Conclusion: In aspect of appearance, color, shape and portion of foods significantly affected patient satisfaction whereas texture did not affect patient satisfaction. In aspect of taste, all variables affected patient satisfaction. In aspect of food serving all variables did not affect patient satisfaction.
Obesitas dan hubungannya dengan polimorfisme gena promoter 5-HT2A, tekanan darah, profil lipid, kadar glukosa, dan malondialdehid
Authors: Hastuti Pramudji , Anisah Nur , Siagian Johan Iswara , Binuko Kautsar Prastudia Eko , Adhla Aidil
Published: March 2019

Background: Obesity among adults has risen significantly in the world-cutting across all ages, racial and ethnic groups and gender. The 5-HT 2A receptor is crucially involved in regulation of body weight and the appetite. Disturbances in the distribution and or gene regulation of the postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptor are implicated in the pathophysiology of conditions such as obesity, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke dan some cancers.Objective: To test the association between obesity with polymorphism of promoter -1438G→A 5-HT2A receptors gene, blood pressure, lipid profiles, levels of blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA).Method: This cross-sectional study included thirty six unrelated obese young people (BMI ≥ 30) recruited from populations in Yogyakarta and 36 controls with age matched with BMI ≤ 25. Statistical differences between blood pressure, lipid profiles, glucose and MDA levels were assessed by t-test and genotypes by Chi square test.Results: There were no significant difference in blood pressure lipid profile, level of glucose and MDA in obese group compared with control (p>0,05). Allele A and G frequency in obese group 25% and 75% respectively, and controls 22.2% and 77.8% respectively, and no significant difference in all two groups, but G allele had higher risk to obese than A allele.Conclusion: These data indicated G allele was mild risk factor for obesity.
Kemampuan motorik kasar siswa sekolah dasar penderita obesitas
Authors: Wati Isti Dwi Puspita , Kushartanti Woro , Susilo Joko
Published: March 2019

Background: Childhood is the period of rapid growth and development. Various aspects can affect problems in growth and development such as genetics, natural environment, and social economic status of the family, nutrition status, social and cultural environment. Inappropriate food intake can cause malnutrition in children, both undernourishment and over nourishment (obesity). Obesity is not good for the process of child growth and development because it distorts the process of metabolism and bring risks for cardiovascular diseases.Objective: To identify gross motor ability of obese elementary school students at Yogyakarta Municipality and evaluate motor ability of elementary school students based on degree of obesity.Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Subject of the study were 158 obese elementary school students at Yogyakarta Municipality. Subjects were screened and tested using fat caliper and their height and weight were measured. If they belonged to obese their gross motor ability was tested comprising throwing with target, flexibility long jump standing, squatting, push up, balance and speed running. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation at CI95% (p<0.05).Result: Gross motor ability of children has negative correlation with obesity (r = -0,465), so children with heavy obesity rho have the bad gross motor ability. However there was no relationship between ability of flexibility, standing long jump, balance, and speed running the mobility (sig > 0,05).Conclusion: Child which progressively obesity will have a lower gross motor ability.
Pelaksanaan asuhan gizi terapi gizi medis (TGM) berpengaruh terhadap lama rawat inap
Authors: Chasbullah Ika Yuliati , Gunawan I Made Alit , Budiningsari R Dwi
Published: March 2019

Background: Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is one of nutrition care models which focuses on integrated patient management involving active participation of doctors, nutritionists, nurses and other professions within the hospital nutrition care team. One benefit of MNT is the reducing of patients’ length of stay (LOS) as an indicator of hospital service quality. Bekasi Municipal Hospital has not implemented integrated nutrition care within a team. The result of monitoring and evaluation during the frst quarter of 2006 showed the average of LOS for degenerative diseases patients was 5.97 days.Objective: To identify the influence of nutrition care implementation by using MNT approach to LOS at Bekasi Municipal Hospital.Method: The study was quaci-experimental which uses static-group comparison. Samples were patients hospitalized at internal medicine wards of (class) VIP, 1 , 2  and 3  class. Datas were obtained consisted of conventional nutrition standard care (CNC), MNT, and data of LOS. T-test and Mann Whitney statistical test were used to analyze the influence of types of nutrition care to LOS.Results: LOS of patients with MNT care was 5.80 days. This was shorter than CNC and statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was a difference between LOS of samples with MNT and CNC. LOS of samples with MNT was shorter than CNC and statistically significant (p<0.05).
Pengendalian Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) dan Nitrit Oxide(NO) pada penderita DMT2 dengan emping garut (Maranta arundinacea Linn) sebagai makanan selingan
Authors: Prastuti Betty , Sunarti Sunarti
Published: March 2019

Background: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus increases the production of superoxide that cause oxidative stress and decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). SOD enzyme reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide to lessen the reaction between superoxide and nitric oxide (NO). To reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, diabetics are encouraged to consume diet with low glycemic index. Arrowroot chips is a product commonly used by the community as a snack. Arrowroot has low glycemic index (glycemic index = 14) so it can be used as an alternative snack for diabetics.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the beneficial effects of arrowroot chips to help controlling the blood glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetes. Method: This is a quasi-experimental research with a one group pre test - post test. Subjects were 14 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who regularly visited endocrine polyclinic of RSUP.Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were: aged 35-60 years, had suffered from diabetes mellitus for at least one year and currently on insulin injection therapy. The subjects were given 20 grams/day arrowroot chips to be consumed as a snack for four weeks. The blood samples were drawn before and after treatment. Glucose level were analyzed by GOD-PAP method, SOD activity was determined by Ransod kits and NO concentration was analyzed by colorimetric Gies reagent system. Finally, data were analyzed by paired t-test and correlation regression test.Result: There was an increased glucose level from 124,43 ± 33,56 to 139,00 ± 67,96 mg/dl after treatment (p=0,551), SOD activity decreased from 77,09 + 19,33 to 43,99 + 17,45 unit/ml whole blood after treatment (p=0,000), decreased NO concentration from 1,28 + 1,32 to 1,15 + 0,577 µM after treatment (p=0,875), and a positive correlation between SOD activity and NO concentration (p=0,151; r=0,405; R2=0,164).Conclusion: Arrowroot chips consumption as a snack for 4 weeks was unable to help controlling the fasting plasma glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetics.
Potensi minuman bubuk kedelai (var. Galunggung) sebagai minuman fungsional: sifat fisikokimia, efek hipoglikemik dan hipokolesterolemik serta status antioksidan
Authors: Aviriani Setyaningrum , Handajani Sri , Affandi Dian Rachmawanti , Listyaningsih Endang
Published: March 2019

Background: Powdered soy beverage is one of the functional drink products that grow rapidly in Indonesia. The beverage comes with variety of health claims including lower blood glucose level and improve antioxidant status. Galunggung is one of Indonesian superior soybean varieties that have several advantages, such as leave rust resistant, productivity reached 1,5 tons/ha, can be cultivated in tidal lands, large seeds and sturdy pods.Objective: To determine the potential of powdered soybean (var. Galunggung) beverage as functional drink observed from physicochemical characteristics and effect of intake on glucose and cholesterol levels and antioxidant status of diabetic-hypercholesterolemic rats. Method: The physicochemical characteristics evaluation performed by measuring disperse-ability, nutritional quality (proximate analysis), dietary fi ber and in vitro antioxidant capacity (total phenol content and anti radical DPPH activity). Determination of powdered soybean (var. Galunggung) beverage effectiveness to decrease plasma glucose and cholesterol levels and improve antioxidant status were conducted using 18 Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 3 months with an average body weight of 150 g, divided into three groups: negative control (placebo), positive control (diabetichypercholesterolemia) and treatment (powdered soybean beverage diet) group.Result: Powdered soybean (var. Galunggung) beverage showed comparable physicochemical characteristics to commercial powdered soy beverage. This beverage also showed hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, and improve antioxidant status of diabetic-hypercholesterolemic rats. Plasma glucose level of diabetic-hypercholesterolemic rats decreased from 228.03 + 2.55 mg/dl to 123.33 ± 1.89 mg/dl, plasma cholesterol level reduced from 177.08 ± 4.64 mg/dl to 119.69 ± 2.95 mg/dl and plasma MDA levels declined from 12.01 + 0.41 mmol/l to 5.50 + 0.20 mmol/l after intervention with powdered soybean (var.Galunggung) beverage diet for 2 weeks.Conclusion: Powdered soybean (var. Galunggung) beverage has the potential to be developed as functional drink with several health claims, i.e. reduce glucose and cholesterol levels, and improve antioxidant status.
Pola makan dan konsumsi alkohol sebagai faktor risiko hipertensi pada lansia
Authors: Malonda Nancy Swanida Henriette , Dinarti Lucia Kris , Pangastuti Retno
Published: March 2019

Background: Hypertension is one of the major chronic diseases in the elderly and the prevalence is constantly increasing. The results of Health Research Survey (Riskesdas) in 2007 showed that the prevalence of hypertension in the city of Tomohon was 41.6%. The prevalence of fatty foods consumption in Tomohon was relatively high, amounted to 17.2%. The proportion of alcohol consumer in North Sulawesi province was higher (17.4%) than the National proportion (4.6%), and Tomohon has signifi cantly higher alcohol consumers (36%). The consumption pattern of fatty foods and alcoholic beverages were factors that might increase the risk of hypertension.Objectives: To identify the infl uence of eating pattern and alcohol consumption as risk factors of hypertension in the elderly at Tomohon Municipality.Methods: This is an analytic observational study with case control design. Subjects were elderly people aged 60 – 65 years at Tomohon Municipality consisted of 76 cases (hypertensive) and 76 control (non-hypertensive). Data was collected through structured interviews, food frequency questionaire (FFQ ) was used to assess dietary pattern, mental health questionnaire (Self Reporting Questionnaire) was used to determine the condition of stress, waist-hip ratio measurement for obesity status, and blood pressure measurements. Data were analysed by bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: The result of bivariate analysis showed that fat intake (OR=3.046; 95% CI:1.338 –6.933; p=0.008), alcohol consumption (OR=2.8; 95% CI:1.418 – 5.299; p=0.003), and obesity (OR=2.4; 95% CI:1.072 – 5.404; p=0.033) signifi cant increase the risk of hypertension. The intake of natrium, potassium and calcium, family history, smoking and stress showed no signifi cant association with hypertension. Statistical analysis revealed that the variables that become dominant risk factors for hypertension and affected the incidence of hypertension were fat (OR=3.303; 95% CI:1.346 – 8.10; p=0.009) and alcohol consumption (OR=2.792; 95% CI:1.347–5.789; p=0.006).Conclusion: High fat and alcohol consumption were risk factors that affect the incidence of hypertension amongst the elderly at Tomohon Municipality.
Status pemberian ASI terhadap status gizi bayi usia 6-12 bulan
Authors: Normayanti Normayanti , Susanti Nila
Published: March 2019

Background: Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia fluctuate and showed a declining trend over the last three years. Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding of Palangka Raya city is still very low at around 23.30%. There are several variables suspected as the cause of the malnutrition problem, the variables are status of breastfeeding, mother's education level, mother's employment, mother’s knowledge of nutrition and counseling status of breastfeeding.Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of breastfeeding status on the nutritional status of infants aged 6-12 months in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Kalampangan Palangka Raya city.Method: The study design used was a case-control with 1:2 ratio, the case are infants aged 6-12 months with low nutritional status, whereas the comparison are infants aged 6-12 months with normal nutritional status. The dependent variable is the nutritional status and the independent variables are breastfeeding status, mother's education level, mother's employment, mother’s knowledge of nutrition, and breastfeeding counseling status. Data analysis was performed by univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square) and multivariate (logistic regression). Results: From the 5 (five) variables were analyzed, 2 (two) variables independently became risk factor for malnutrition are status of breastfeeding (OR=6.667) and the counseling status of breastfeeding (OR=3.215). But together (simultaneously), only breastfeeding status has an influence on the nutritional status of infants, and non-exclusive breastfeeding was significant as a risk factor for malnutrition (OR=5.126). Probability infant to experience malnutrition due to breastfeeding status no exclusive is at 25.54%.   Conclusion: Breastfeeding status has an influence on the nutritional status of infants and non-exclusive breastfeeding was significant as a risk factor for malnutrition among infants aged 6-12 months.
Asupan makan, sindrom metabolik, dan status keseimbangan asam-basa pada lansia
Authors: Widyastuti Nurmasari , Sulchan Muhammad , Johan Andrew
Published: March 2019

Background: Metabolic syndrome prevalence increases with age and obesity. The metabolic syndrome is associated with alterations in renal function. Low urine pH has been described as a renal manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Urine pH is a simple and inexpensive method for determining acid-base status. Recent studies suggest that acid-base status is associated with dietary intake.Objective: To examine relationship between dietary intake, components of metabolic syndrome and urine pH among the elderly.Method: Subjects of this cross-sectional study consist of 49 elderly that were collected consecutively. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), dietary intake, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose and urine were obtained. Rank Spearman correlation test was used to examine the correlation of components of metabolic syndrome and dietary intake with urine pH. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the urine pH of the metabolic syndrome group and the normal group. Chi-Square/fisher test was used to calculate prevalence ratio (PR) of metabolic syndrome components to low urine pH. Multivariate analysis was done by multiple linear regression.Results: The mean urine pH of the metabolic syndrome group was 6,06 and significantly lower than the normal group (6,50). WC was the only component of metabolic syndrome that related to urine pH (r=-0,325; p=0,023). Abdominal obesity significantly increases the risk of low urine pH (RP=1,6; p=0,023; CI=1,005-2,442). Urine pH was negatively associated with protein intake and proportion of protein on diet. In multivariate analysis, WC is the most significant factor that predicted urinary pH.Conclusion: Urine acidification is a characteristic of abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Protein intake and proportion of protein on diet contribute to urine pH.
Penambahan kelapa (Cocos nucifera) dan kacang tolo (Vigna unguiculata) terhadap nilai indeks glikemik singkong (Manihot utilissima)
Authors: Astuti Rini , Hendriyani Heni , Isnawati Muflihah
Published: March 2019

Backgound: The glycemic index (GI) is a notion that defences the glycaemic potency of foods. Foods with low GI will be digested and turned into glucose gradually and slowly. As a result blood glucose peak will not be so high and its fluctuation relatively in short time. Although cassava is a good source of carbohydrate, it has a high GI and low protein. Its GI factor needs to be reduced by any efforts to make it a healthy alternative food in spite of rice.Objective: To analize the effect of adding coconut and black-eyed pea to the GI factor of cassava.Method: The study used experimental observation design. There were three groups of treatment with 9 persons in each goup. After fasting for 10 hours, blood glucose were tested and 50 g of true glucose were given. Blood glucose of the subjects were tested again after 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes giving true glucose. Next on the seventh day, they were given boiled cassava, cassava with coconut (sawut) and cassava with black-eyed pea (gintul). After which their blood glucose were also tested. Results: GI factor of steam cassava, shredded cassava and shredded cassava with black-eyed pea (gintul) was 100,40; 70,90; and 61,88; respectively. There was a significant difference of GI level between three products (p=0,031). Conclusion: Food processing by adding coconut and black-eyed pea has effect in reducing the GI level of cassava.
Status gizi sebagai faktor prognosis penderita karsinoma endometrium
Authors: Pradjatmo Heru , Pahlevi Deyna Primavita
Published: March 2019

Background: In Indonesia, endometrial cancer is the third gynaecologic cancer after cervical and ovarian cancers. Various factors affect the survival of the patients, however, which factors affect the survival of endometrial carcinoma patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital remain unclear. A research is therefore needed in order to determine the survival and the prognostic factors.Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors that affect the survival of endometrial carcinoma patients who had been admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital.Method: The study design was retrospective cohort. The subjects were patients with endometrial carcinoma who were treated in Dr. Sardjito Hospital from 1st of January 2006 until 31st of December 2011. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to analyze several factors that influenced the survival of the patients. The differences of survival were analyzed with log rank test while the prognostic factors influencing the survival were analyzed using Cox regression.Results: 68 endometrial carcinoma patients were recruited as the subjects for the study. The median survival of endometrial carcinoma patients 52 months for those on early stage and 17 months on advanced stage (p≤0.01). The prognostic factors affecting survival that has been found statistically and clinically significant was the stage of the disease (p=0.002; HR=6.175; 95% CI=1.1980 to 19.25). Meanwhile, the nutritional status of patients with low, normal, and high BMIs score showed increased survival rate as indicated by the HR values of 1; 0.768; and 0.311 respectively.Conclusion: The prognostic factor that was clinically and statistically significant influenced the survival was the stage of the disease, while the nutritional status of patients was found clinically significant as the prognostic survival of the patients.
Jumlah konsumsi dan metode memasak ikan terhadap kejadian dislipidemia
Authors: Nailufar Farida , Purba Martalena Br , Huriyati Emy
Published: March 2019

Background: Some studies state that fish consumption of at least 200-400 g/week can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish have cardioprotective effects. However, the cardiac effect of fish consumption are not primarily related to the amount of fish consumed but also its cooking method. The cooking method (eg, frying) may alter the fatty acid content of a fish meal by absorbing fatty acids from cooking oils and adding trans fatty acids. Non-fried fish consumption (eg, boiled/steamed) was associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease but fried fish was not.Objective: To identify the quantity of fish consumed and the cooking method with the incidence of dyslipidemia.Method: The study was observational with case control design in patients that checked themselves at Prodia laboratory of Samarinda. Respondents consisted of 152 patients, comprising 76 cases and 76 control. Cases were patients with dyslipidemia and control were those without dyslipidemia matched according to gender and age. Analysis used Chi-Square statistical test at confidence interval 95%.Results: There was significant difference in average of fish consumed between case and control group (164.86±63.61 g vs 218.55±62.21 g; p<0.05). There was also significant difference (p<0.05) between case and control group in variables of body mass index (24.53±2.4 kg/m2 vs 23.26±1.6 kg/m2); intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (34.58±5.82 g vs 28.27±5.4 g); simple carbohydrate (63.86±13.67 g vs 49.35±11.81 g); fruit and vegetable (42.61±20.17 g vs 53.48±23.47 g); and waist circumference (88.88±9.08 cm vs 86.21±7.8 cm). In the final multivariate analysis, quantity of fish consumed has no influences with dyslipidemia (p>0,05), but the influence is in the cooking method process (OR=10,84; p<0,05).Conclusion: There was no influence between quantity of fish consumption. Risk for the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 10,84 times greater in the subject who the cooking method does not suitable the recommendation.
Pertanyaan dan nasihat dokter untuk konsumsi sayur dan buah: penelitian potong lintang pada 10 puskesmas di Yogyakarta dan Sleman
Authors: Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Bintoro Bagas Suryo , Yusuf Indira Utami
Published: March 2019

Background: Mortality caused by noncommunicable disease (NCD) has increased in the last ten years in Indonesia in line with the elevation of NCD prevalence. The NCD mortality and prevalence can be prevented by practicing a healthy lifestyle. One of a healthy lifestyle is adequate vegetable and fruit consumption that unfortunately was still far from expectation in the Basic Health Survey 2007 and 2010. Puskesmas as primary health care should anticipate the problem by encouraging doctor to routinely ask and educate on a healthy lifestyle.Objective: This study aimed to assess physician ask and advice on vegetable and fruit consumption based on patient and physician report.Method: Two hundred and fifty-one patients from primary health care (Puskesmas) in Yogyakarta City and Sleman District participated in this cross-sectional survey. Subsequently, a survey of 57 physicians was conducted. Data were collected by structured questionnaires and exit interviews. We analyzed the data using Chi-Square test and logistic regression.Results: The results showed that patients have been asked and advice about vegetable and fruit consumption. However, the proportion of physician report was higher than the proportion of patient’s report. Patient who had gastrointestinal disorder, had body weight problem, suffered from diabetics and cardiovascular diseases were more being asked and educated about vegetable and fruit consumption than other symptoms or diseases. Patients who were female, not married and did not eat vegetable and fruit everyday reported more being asked and advised by doctor on fruit and vegetable consumption than patients who were male, married and did not regularly eat fruit and vegetable. There was no difference of patient’ s perception of the relation between their disease and fruit and vegetables consumption based on characteristics, symptoms, disease and the frequency of eating fruit and vegetable.Conclusion: Primary health care physician has asked and advised patient about vegetable and fruit consumption although did not routinely practice it. Delivering advice as part of patient education on high fiber diet should be included in the national insurance scheme, so that physician will routinely educate patient.