bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GENERASI MILLENNIAL DAN INOVASI JEJARING DEMOKRASI TEMAN AHOK
Authors: Prasetyanti Retnayu
Published: May 2023

Millennial generation nowadays prominently inspires innovation not only in the development of technology and knowledge but also in the social and political arena. In this fast-changing era, the world can’t resist the trend of digital application and its dissimilar impacts on various realms. Millennial generation, somehow, hit by adverse impacts of the development of technology based digital application; however in another side, this Y generation also gives significant influences on political dynamism in Jakarta. Millennial generation movement known as TEMAN AHOK: a community which supports Ahok to be Independent Candidate of Jakarta Governor 2017 defined as a new trend of political innovation pioneered by millennial generation. By developing a qualitative research as its methodological framework, this research tried to describe the role of millennial generation in managing political network and enhancing democracy. This study also elaborates the expanded effects of millennial generation participation on future political development and policy formulation process in Jakarta and Indonesia. The existence of TEMAN AHOK has been assumed as a critic for government to redefined democracy as a whole process from people, by people, and for people, not from political party, by political party, and for political party.
Reposisi CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) di Indonesia
Authors: Saraswati Atika
Published: May 2023

CSR discourse (Corporate Social Responsibility) emerged as an effort to built corporate responsibility to the social neighborhood. Accidentally temporal CSR practices rise the stereotype and skepticism of its worked by some ecologists. This paper attempts to reposition CSR in Indonesia as the scutum protecting entity of corporate exploitation. Through an ecopolitical study inspired by Piers Blake's work and concludes with the ethics of care developed by Carol Gilligan, this paper extend the interpretation of CSR as a ‘zoon politicon’ that demands the transformation of its role and practices in symbiotic mutualism with their neighborhood.
PERBEDAAN SIKAP POLITIK ELEKTORAL MUHAMMADIYAH ANTARA PUSAT DAN DAERAH
Authors: Sholikin Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Tulisan  ini  bertujuan  untuk  melihat  bagaimana  sikap  netralitas  Organisasi Sosial Keagamaan seperti Muhammadiyah menentukan sikap politiknya dalam proses politik elektoral.  Dalam tulisan  ini  penulis  mengambil  dua  point  utama  yang  dibahas,  pertama tentang  Bagaimana  bentuk  netralitas  politik  elektoral  Muhammadiyah.  Kedua adalah mengapa terjadi deviasi netralitas politik elektoral Muhammadiyah antara Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah dan Pimpinan Daerah Muhammadiyah dalam menentukan kebijakan politiknya. Teori utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori politik islam, yang membagi  pemikiran  Islam  tentang  politik  kedalam  beberapa  varian,  beserta  bagaimana mereka melakukan aksi politiknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam merumuskan sebuah kebijakan politik Muhammadiyah  mendasarkan  semua  keputusannya  pada  khittah  politik  Muhammadiyah yang menjadi acuan baku organisasi. Tetapi dengan konsep kepemimpinan yang kolektif dan kolegial terdiri dari 13 Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah maka masing-masing tokoh elite tersebut memiliki pemikiran politik yang berbeda-beda. Faksionalisasi dalam elite internal Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah berakibat pada terjadinya deviasi netralitas politik elektoral Muhammadiyah pada level lokal. Sehingga netralitas politik elektoral Muhammadiyah selama ini dimaknai sebagai sebuah sikap ambigu yang sering dimanfaatkan oleh elite Muhammadiyah sesuai dengan kepentingan masing-masing daerah.
DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN DALAM PEMIKIRAN DAN PRAKTIK POLITIK
Authors: Ilmar Anwar
Published: May 2023

Artikel ini hendak mengulas tentang demokrasi terpimpin sebagai salah satu varian demokrasi yang berkembang di Indonesia. Demokrasi terpimpin merupakan konsep pemikiran politik Sukarno sebagai antitesis dari demokrasi yang berkembang di Barat. Dalam pemikiran politik Sukarno, wacana demokrasi memang relevan dengan kultur masyarakat Indonesia yang bermusyawarah. Meski demikian, praktik demokrasi di negara-negara Barat dianggap Sukarno memiliki cacat struktural. Demokrasi ala Barat dianggap hanya menjamin kebebasan politik, namun tetap memberikan dukungan ideologis pada penindasan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, Sukarno merumuskan gagasan tentang sosio-demokrasi, yaitu demokrasi ekonomi dan demokrasi politik. Di kemudian hari, gagasan tersebut kembali diformulasikan sebagai model kekuasaan negara yang dinamakannya sebagai Demokrasi Terpimpin. Dalam ekonomi, konsep ini disebut ekonomi terpimpin. Pada praktiknya, kedua konsep tersebut ternyata justru menjauh dari gambaran ideal pemikiran politik Sukarno untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial, karena konfigurasi politik demokrasi terpimpin tak mampu lagi menyeimbangkan kekuatan-kekuatan politik yang saling bersaing.
PERBANDINGAN PARTISIPASI POLITIK DI NEGARA DEMOKRASI DAN NEGARA OTORITER
Authors: Fadiyah Dina , Beso Antonius Jeremias
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini ingin melihat bagaimana perbandingan partisipasi politik di Negara demokrasi dan Negara otoriter. Partisipasi politik merupakan suatu masalah yang dianggap penting akhir-akhir ini, karena berkaitan dengan perkembangan negara-negara berkembang. Partisipasi politik merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam negara Demokrasi maupun Negara Otoriter. Dengan menggunakan teori partisipasi politik, semoga tulisan ini bisa membahas terkait perabandingan partisipasi politik dalam Negara demokrasi dan Negara otoriter.
ANALISIS PERILAKU MEMILIH (VOTING BEHAVIOR) PEMILIH PEMULA WILAYAH JAKARTA BARAT MENJELANG PEMILIHAN UMUM 2019
Authors: Febriani Erna
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor sosiologis, psikologis dan pilihan rasional terhadap perilaku pemilih pemula di wilayah Jakarta Barat dalam menentukan pilihan politiknya pada pemilihan umum 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan survei dan mengambil sampel sebanyak 500 pemilih pemula yang berada di wilayah penelitian yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik cluster sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis linear berganda, dengan mencari pengaruh faktor sosiologis (X1), faktor sosiologis (X2) dan faktor pilihan rasional (X3) terhadap perilaku memilih (Y). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku memilih pemilih pemula adalah pilihan rasional, sedangkan faktor sosiologis dan psikologis tidak berpengaruh siginifikan terhadap perilaku memilih pemilih pemula.
KINERJA PEMERINTAHAN DESA DALAM UPAYA MENSEJAHTERAKAN MASYARAKAT DESA PANTAI MAKMUR KABUPATEN BEKASI
Authors: Dwiningsih Erma , Afrilia Megayanti , Zakiyah Ummi
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini ingin melihat bagaimana kinerja pemerintah desa dalam upaya mensejahterakan masyarakat desa Pantai Makmur kecamatan Tarumajaya kabupaten Bekasi.  Diberlakukannya sistem desentralisasi setelah runtuhnya orde baru, pemerintah daerah telah mengalami banyak peningkatan untuk dapat mengelola dan mengurusi urusan daerahnya masing-masing. Dalam hal ini, salah satunya adalah pemerintahan dibawah pemerintah kabupaten/kota, yaitu pemerintah desa. Saat ini Pemerintah Desa telah sangat maju, demokratis, dan mandiri dalam menciptakan kehidupan yang sejahtera bagi setiap masyarakatnya. Jika sebelum adanya desentralisasi, masyarakat daerah-daerah sangat susah untuk memenuhi segala kebutuhan, seperti barang atau administrasi bahkan sampai memakan keuangan yang tinggi, maka dengan berlakunya sistem desentralisasi masyarakat di daerah (desa) bisa memenuhi segala kebutuhan mereka secara efektif dan efisien. Oleh karena itu kasus ini menjadi menarik untuk diteliti agar terlihat bagaimana kinerjapemerintah desa dalam meningkatkan masyarakatnya setelah adanya desentralisasi.
PEMIKIRAN MAO ZEDONG TENTANG DEMOKRASI BARU
Authors: Jusman Kusumajaya Kusumajaya
Published: May 2023

Dunia di abad-21 meringis kesakitan. Dunia menuju 2 masa depan yang pasti: Entah kaum borjuis maha kuasa menghisap dunia hingga kering atau kaum proletariat menyelamatkan eksistensi dunia dengan menjatuhkan kekuasaan tiran kaum borjuis maha kuasa. Kaum borjuis menganggap 99% masyarakat sebagai “hewan ternak” yang hanya pantas untuk 8 jam kerja, 8 jam bermain, dan 8 jam tidurtanpa perlu berpikir kritis terhadap fakta kehidupan. Pemikiran Demokrasi borjuis liberal yang digagas oleh para intelektual borjuis seperti John Locke, Montesquieu dan Adam Smith yang mulanya bertujuan untuk melawan kekuasaan monarki absolut nyatanya telah bermutasi menjadi kediktatoran borjuis absolut berbentuk “Masyarakat Rahasia” yang menguasai dunia dari balik layar dan sudah jauh mengkhianati nilai-nilai yang mereka pegang di masa lalu. Penulis sebagai mahasiswa yang kritis dan berpikiran revolusioner merasa bertanggungjawab untuk memberitahukan kepada generasi muda negeri ini tentang apa yang terjadi dan apa yang harus dilakukan untuk melawan konspirasi gelap yang mengancam negeri kita dan dunia sekaligus memberikan alternatif bagi ideologi dan sistem yang ada yaitu Pemikiran yang sangat efektif dan pernah membuat kejutan di abad-20 yaitu Pemikiran Marxisme-Leninisme-Stalinisme-Maoisme dan sistem politik Demokrasi Baru. Tentunya kita harus berterima kasih kepada para Pemimpin Hebatdi masa lalu yang berhasil menciptakan ideologi tandingan untuk melawan rezim kediktatoran borjuis mahakuasa dan penulis juga seluruh masyarakat dapat menggunakan ideologi dan sistem ini menjadisenjata ampuh serupa“Bom Atom”. Penulis akan membuktikan kepada generasi muda bahwa ideologi Marxis-Leninis-Stalinis-Maois akan mampu menjadi ideologi perlawanan yang sejati dan bisa menyatu dengan  tradisi dan dat istiadat negeri ini yang kaya hingga kita akan mengembalikan kejayaan dan kedaulatan negeri kita yang sudah lama dirampas oleh mereka para oligarki rakus yang yang menginginkan rakyat Indonesia tetap lemah, miskin dan teralienasi (baca: terasing) dari kehidupan mereka di dalam maupun luar rumah. Kebangkitan negeri kita hanyalah awal dari percikan api di padang rumput dunia yang luas yang kelak akan menyebar dan menciptakan kebakaran besar yang akan membakar rezim kediktatoran borjuis maha kuasa. Bentuk api itu adalah solidaritas proletariat dan petani sedunia yang akan menggebrak zaman dan membentuk Dunia Baru dengan sistem yang juga baru yaitu Demokrasi Baru.
STRATEGI POLITIK PEMENANGAN SUTARMIDJI-RIA NORSAN PADA PEMILIHAN GUBERNUR KALIMANTAN BARAT 2018: DITINJAU DARI METODE STRATEGI PERENCANAAN POLITIK
Authors: Sereninty Ledy
Published: May 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi yang dilakukan pasangan calon Sutarmidji-Ria Norsan pada pemilihan Gubernur Kalimantan Barat: Ditinjau dari metode strategi perencanaan politik melalui tahapan-tahapan diantaranya, proses perencanaan strategi dalam SWOT (Strengths, Weknesses, Opportunities, and Threats),Visi, Tugas, Tujuan Akhir, Bidang-bidang Kunci dan Indikator Prestasi, Faktor-faktor analisa lingkungan sekitar, Penilaan Internal (Perkiraan), Analisa SWOT serta pemilihan strategi dan implemantasinya. Maka dari metode strategi perencanaan politik tersebut dapat terlihat implementasi strategi yang dilakukan oleh pasangan calon Sutarmidji-Ria Norsan pada pemilihan Gubernur Kalimantan Barat 2018 yang pertama dilakukan adalah dengan cara blusukan, blusukan adalah cara pasangan calon dalam mendekati masyarakat, kemudian dengan cara tersebut pasangan calon datang, menyapa, berbicara dan menghimpun apa yang harus dilakukan untuk wilayah Kalimantan Barat, dengan cara kampanye, mendekati daerah yang bukan basis masa nya menggunakan Money Politic,banyaknya anggota dalam struktur organisasi tim suskses, terjalinya kordinasi yang baik antar tim suskses, dalam kampanye memanfaatkan rekam jejak sebelumnya, mengusung program-program kerja ungulan, keterlinatan kegiatan keagamaan dalam berkampanye serta keterlibatan dalam forum organisasi adat.
ANALISIS FRAMING PEMBERITAAN BASUKI TJAHAJA PURNAMA (AHOK) TERKAIT ISU SARA DALAM PILKADA DKI JAKARTA TAHUN 2017 DALAM MEDIA ONLINE KOMPAS.COM
Authors: Marten Roy , Fadiyah Dina
Published: May 2023

The Purpose of this paper research is to find out how the framing conducted by Kompas.com Media Associated with alleged blasphemy by Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, and want to see more about the procedures or techniques used by Kompas.com in placing and positioning related news the issues of sara or blasphemy by Ahok. As for analyzing this, the writer used the framing model of Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki, in which there are 4 types of structure, namely, syntactic structure (the way journalists compile facts), script structures (how journalists tell facts), thematic structures (how journalist write facts) and rhetorical structure (the way journalist emphasize facts). As well as looking at the relationship between the media and politics in the Ahok case with media and political theory.In writing this paper the writer used qualitative methods. The results of this research Media Kompas.com appear neutral in reporting the news by presenting many sources, imformants and imformation in supporting the news reported. However, on the other hand, Kompas.com indirectly made certain protests in certain directions with a point of view that aligned with the suspect Basuki Tjahaja Purnama on the news displayed by Kompas.com
Isu 3 Periode Masa Jabatan Presiden Dalam Sudut Pandang Demokrasi
Authors: Riady Riady , Syugiarto Syugiarto
Published: May 2023

This study aims to see whether the president can serve his term of office for 3 periods (15 years) from a democratic point of view. This research itself uses literature study as the basis for data collection. The theory of democracy is used as a reference to see the term of office of the president for 3 periods from a democratic point of view, and also whether it will harm democracy itself or not. The results show that the president can hold office for 3 periods (15 years) if Article 7 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is amended again. In addition, if the majority of people want the president to serve more than 2 periods (10 years), then this will not injury democracy at all. This is because people want it. However, if we refer to the reasons why Article 7 of the 1945 Constitution was amended in 1999 (which is to reflect democracy and leadership regeneration) and there are rejections from some parties who do not want the presidential term of leadership more than 2 periods, it will show that the government is disobedient to regulations that have been mutually agreed upon and do not pay attention to the wishes of some people who reject it.
Motif Perilaku Korea Utara Mengingkari Deklarasi Panmunjom Ditinjau dari Regional Security Complex Theory
Authors: Mudji Dewi Astuti , Sebayang Tino Rila , Noor Fathira Iftihani
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to find out the reasons for North Korea's behavioral motives for rejecting the Panmunjom Declaration. The Korean peninsula returned to a tense situation after North Korea violated several value agreements that threatened South Korea and regional security stability by continuing to test its nuclear weapons and blow up its liaison office in retaliation for South Korea's failure to prevent anti-North deployments. Korean propaganda from defector groups at the border. By using descriptive analytical research method with a qualitative approach, this paper uses primary and secondary data obtained from books, journals, articles, and official government and non-government documents. In addition, this paper uses the Regional Security Complex Theory, the concept of the National Interest, the theory of rationality in policy making. The results of this paper indicate that the motive for North Korea's behavior is to maintain the security of its country from threats from the United States and other countries and so that its country is considered a nuclear country whose position is equal to other countries and demands the lifting of the sanctions embargo. Moreover, the current state of tension is being used by North Korea to increase its influence in the dialogue
Pandemi dan Legitimasi: Melihat Penanganan Covid-19 dari Perspektif Politik
Authors: Pratama Aprilianto Satria , Reynaldi Dwiki Yulian
Published: May 2023

Pandemi COVID-19 memproduksi krisis legitimasi bagi Pemerintah. Dampaknya, penanganan-penanganan pandemi COVID-19 juga harus dilakukan untuk mengembalikan legitimasi yang sedang krisis tersebut, alih-alih hanya untuk memperbaiki performa ekonomi dan kesehatan. Tulisan ini lantas menggolongkan upaya untuk mengembalikan legitimasi tersebut sebagai tindakan politis. Dipandu oleh pertanyaan penelitian, ‘bagaimana penanganan pandemi COVID-19 dibaca secara politis?’, tulisan yang diproduksi dengan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus ini lantas sampai pada beberapa temuan sebagai berikut. Pertama, bahwa penanganan pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia, ternyata, juga ditujukan untuk memulihkan legitimasi dan oleh karenanya dilakukan melalui upaya-upaya politis. Kedua, bahwa upaya politis tersebut lantas dirinci ke dalam 2 (dua) kategori, yaitu penanganan politis internal dan eksternal.The COVID-19 pandemic produces a crisis of legitimacy for the Government. As a result, the handling of COVID-19 is also carried out to restore the legitimacy of the crisis, rather than just to improve economic and health performance. This paper then classifies efforts to restore legitimacy as a political act. Guided by the research question, 'how is the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic read politically?', the article produced using this case study qualitative research method then arrived at the following findings. First, that the handling of the pandemic in Indonesia, it turns out, is also aimed at restoring legitimacy and therefore political efforts are being made. Second, that the political efforts are then broken down into 2 (two) categories, namely internal and external political handling.
Transformation of marketing logistics for the export of ukrainian crop production in the context of a full-scale war with the russian federation
Authors: Penkova Oksana , Kharenko Andrii
Published: May 2023

In the context of a full-scale invasion of the russian federation, Ukrainian exporters faced problems with the physical supply of products to traditional sales markets. The purpose of the study was to analyse trends in the transformation of marketing logistics of crop production exports caused by the influence of martial law factors in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the research was a systematic approach and comparative analysis, monographic, statistical groupings, abstract and logical methods. The study examines the views of researchers on the content and role of marketing logistics in exports and highlights the main problems of exporters of crop production caused by a fullscale war with the russian federation. Statistical data on the dynamics of the share of certain types of plant products in the total export of the country are analysed and trends in the transformation of its commodity and geographical structure are determined. The negative impact of production restrictions and marketing logistics restrictions on the export of processed crop products, which form a higher added value compared to grain crops, is established. The assessment of the transformation of the geographical structure of crop exports showed a significant increase in the share of European countries due to the availability of transport logistics to these sales markets and stimulating institutional state influences. The conclusion is made about the positive impact of the development of marketing and sales logistics in the conditions of war on the prospects for increasing sales volumes in European markets of crop production in the conditions of post-war recovery. Further implementation of measures for its development will allow domestic exporters to gain a foothold in these sales markets and restore their positions in the export of cereals and oilseeds in the traditional markets of African and Asian countries. The practical significance of the study is that its results can be used by state institutions responsible for the development of the agricultural sector, when substantiating measures to support the crop industry and stimulate the export of its products, commodity producers and traders – when developing export strategies, scientists – when further studying the problems of export marketing logistics development
FLIPPED CLASSROOM WITH HOTS INSTRUCTION IN LISTENING CLASS: BEST PRACTICE APPROACH AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR EMPLOYEE CLASS
Authors: Khanif Muhammad
Published: May 2023

As the fulfillment of learning of the 21st century, HOTs instruction is also needed because students are not enough with only having good score but they also should have good skill for being problem solver, creative thinker, critical thinker, socialist, and able to follow the changing era which is marked by the sophistication of IT-based technology. The research method used is case study research design. The population is the students from three classes of employee class students at the University of Nahdlatul Ulama AL-Ghazali Cilacap. The total samples are two classes with a total of 70 students in the second semester. The observation, questionnaires, and interviews were used to verify the data. The result of this study gives a view of best practice concerning how flipped classrooms with HOTs instruction implemented to listening to employee class students.
The extent of sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness in young adults
Authors: Rubin Alexandra , Mangal Rohan , Stead Thor S. , Walker Joshua , Ganti Latha
Published: May 2023

Background

Sleep deprivation is a condition in which an individual does not get enough sleep, leading to a variety of negative effects on their physical and mental health. In the United States, sleep deprivation is a common problem, with many people not getting the recommended 7-9 hours of sleep per night. Excessive daytime sleepiness is also a common condition in the United States. It is characterized by a persistent feeling of fatigue or drowsiness during the day, despite getting enough sleep at night. The current study aims to document the frequency of sleepiness symptoms amongst the general US population.

Methods

A web-based survey was conducted to assess the frequency of daily anxiety symptoms amongst adults residing in the United States. Questions from the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to quantify the burden of daytime sleepiness. JMP 16.0 for Mac OS was used to perform statistical analyses. Our Institutional Review Board gave the study an exempt determination (#2022-569).

Results

In total, 9% of people qualified as having lower normal daytime sleepiness, 34% qualified as having higher normal daytime sleepiness, 26% qualified as having mild excessive daytime sleepiness, 17% qualified as having moderate excessive daytime sleepiness, and 17% qualified as having severe excessive daytime sleepiness.

Limitations

The present findings are based on cross-sectional survey data.

Conclusion

Although sleep is one of the most crucial bodily activities, our study of young adults found that more than 60% had moderate to severe sleep deprivation/daytime sleepiness as reported on the Epworth Sleepiness scale.
Injury Types and Training Habits among Soccer (Football) Athletes
Authors: Patel Jai , Mangal Rohan , Stead Thor , Barbera Andrew , Ganti Latha
Published: May 2023

Background

For soccer athletes, injuries are frequent and pose a considerable health and financial burden for individuals and families. While studies have previously assessed the incidence of soccer injuries and preventive strategies male athletes use to reduce these occurrences, few have included women and players of varying skill levels.

Objective

To report the frequency of injuries in a cohort of male and female soccer athletes and describe the training habits that have helped prevent injury.

Methods

Two hundred (n=200) United States participants completed a questionnaire on soccer practicing frequency, habits, injuries, and treatments. A screening question ensured all respondents had played soccer for at least one year and determined eligibility for the study. Participant information related to age, sex, education, income, and race was also collected. JMP statistical software was used to analyze collected data and build multivariate regressions, mosaic plots, and histograms.

Results

The mean number of practice sessions per week was 3.60 +/- 1.64, and the median experience playing soccer was 2-4 years. Older participants were more likely to practice once (p = 0.0001) or twice (p= 0.0008) per week. Women were less likely to include warmups before playing soccer (p = 0.022). This was problematic as participants who did not include a proper warmup routine were more likely to have been absent from play for longer amounts of time following injury (p = 0.032). The four most common injury sites were knees (n = 35, 17.5%), ankles (n = 31, 15.5%), shoulders (n = 25, 12.5%), and head/neck (n = 24, 12%). 140 (47.62%) patients used pain medication as their main remedy, 128 (43.54%) went to physical therapy, and 26 (10.78%) underwent surgery.

Conclusion

In any sample of soccer athletes involving variations in sex, race, and competitive play, injuries are highly common. Few studies before this one have included female athletes, and our findings highlight an important discrepancy in training habits between sexes. Women are less likely to follow a warmup regimen and are thus injured for longer. Incorporating dynamic stretching and plyometrics are particularly helpful to stay healthy.
Introduction
Authors: Levine George
Published: May 2023

When G. H. Lewes published a review of Charles Darwin’s The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication in 1868, the two began a correspondence that lasted from 2 March to 18 November 1868 (with a final surviving note of 18 April 1877). Now is a good time to shine a light on that correspondence for what it shows about Lewes as a man of science and about his relationship to Darwin and Darwin’s theories. This issue includes reprints of the correspondence, which is introduced by George Levine.
Trial Advocacy and Nitojutsu
Authors: Dent Chris
Published: May 2023

Miyamoto Musashi was a master Japanese swordsman. His text, the Book of Five Rings, sets out his philosophy on combat and the way of the warrior. This article takes his teachings and applies them to art of trial advocacy. The Five Scrolls of Musashi’s text allow for an engagement with the fundamental importance of preparation, the effective deployment of law and fact, awareness and professional ethics. The connections are made through the use of current experts in advocacy, including Glissan and Hampel. The use of techniques involving katana is, of course, only a metaphor – one aimed at getting law students to think of trials in a more life-or-death way. Advocacy is not the showiness of TV, but the hard grind of training and preparation that was the life of a ronin.
Relationship of Gingival Biotype with Schneiderian Membrane Thickness Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
Authors: Javed Sittara , Maqbool Maha , Warraich Usman Manzoor , Ullah Khurram Ata , Khan Zubair Ahmed , Qureshi Farheen
Published: May 2023

Aim: To find out the relationship of gingival biotype with schneiderian membrane thickness using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients at tertiary care dental hospital presenting for routine periodontal care. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 150 patients were observed in department of Periodontology, Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore. Patients were clinically evaluated and gingival biotype wasrecorded. Afterthat cone beam computed tomography was performed to assess the patient’s schneiderian membrane thickness from mesial of maxillary 2nd premolar todistal of maxillary 2nd molar due to many anatomical variations of maxillarysinus. Results: In this study the mean age of the patients was 38.75±8.17 years, 70 (46.67%)patients were male. Thin biotype was found in 66(44%) patients and thickbiotype was found in 84 (56%) patients. In thin biotype the mean thickness of schneiderian membrane was 0.58±0.085mm while in thick biotype the mean of schneiderian membrane was1.25±0.07mm (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that there is significant relationship exist between the schneiderian membrane and thickness of biotype. positive correlation of gingival biotype with width of keratinizedgingivainmaxillaryanteriorteeth. Keywords: gingival biotype, schneiderian membrane, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), missing teeth
COVID-19- A Challenge for Urology Subspecialty in an overwhelmed public sector hospital: A Descriptive Review
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Rehman Shahzad-Ur- , Khan Zakir , Ikramullah Maryam , Ikramullah Syed , Bibi Romana
Published: May 2023

Background: COVID-19 has brought unprecedented changes in every aspect of life throughout the world including the healthcare delivery system. After a grinding halt in surgical practice due to this pandemic, the conventional protocols needed a thorough overhaul before kick-starting formal services. This study discusses ways and procedure changes adopted at the Urology department to navigate this crisis and extend adequate urological care to patients at the same time. Aim: To share our experience of patient management in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: It’s a descriptive review article based on patient management protocols and clinical audit in the era of COVID-19 pandemic at the Departmentof Urology, MTI, Lady Reading Hospital from 20th Marchto 20th June 2020. Clinical implication the benefit of this study is how to organize things and continue health care provision in a deadly pandemic. Furthermore, it will set a precedence that how to cope with such a pandemic in the future. Conclusion: All surgical patients should be screened for COVID-19, with preference given to PCR tests. All elective surgeries should be put on hold as a result of the limited availability of ventilators, manpower, and hospital beds. Only semi-elective, lifesaving and oncologic surgeries that cannot be delayed should be done with full PPEs provided to every personnel frequenting operating theaters during the procedure. Furthermore, more efforts are needed to lift the infrastructure of hospitals and make them capable to face problems of such proportions in the future. Keywords: COVID-19, Urology, Public sector hospital, Pandemic, Oncological surgeries
Efficacy of Intravenous Dexamethasone and Placebo in Postop Sore Throat Prevention after Oral Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: . Mahendar , Kumar Udesh , . Kainat , Kumar Ravi , . Rajesh , Kumar Ajeet
Published: May 2023

Aim: To compare the efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone with placebo in preventing POST after endotracheal intubation in general surgical patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study: Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Pain Management, Civil Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi from 12th January 2015 to 11th July 2015. Methodology: Sixty six patients underwent elective surgical procedures with tracheal intubation were included. Patients were randomly divided in Group A treated with dexamethasone and Group B treated with normal saline. Anesthesia was induced 5 minutes later. Tracheal intubation was performed after ensuring maximum neuromuscular blocking affect. At the end of the 24 hours after surgery POST was evaluated by VAS. Results: Thirty seven (56.1%) were males and 29(43.9%) were females. Efficacy was significantly high in group A as compare to group B (84.4% vs. 33.3%; p=0.0005]. Conclusion: Prophylactic intravenous administration of dexamethasone was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of POST after tracheal extubation. Keywords: Sore throat, Dexamethasone, Endotracheal intubation, General surgical
Chlorhexidine for the Prevention of Omphalitis in infants with a single dose
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad , Noor Bilal , Ahad Abdul , Muhammad Naveed , Bibi Romana , Rehman Sijad-Ur-
Published: May 2023

Background: Worldwide, 44% (2,761 million) of the 6 million children who died before the age of five in 2013 did so during the newborn period. Globally, the first week of life is when 75% of newborn fatalities occur. Low-middle income nations account for 99% of newborn death worldwide. A great proportion of these neonatal deaths can be prevented if effective health measures are undertaken during birth giving prime importance to hygiene. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a single application of chlorhexidine in the prevention of Omphalitis in neonates. Methodology: This randomised control experiment was carried out between October 2021 and April 2022, in the paediatrics unit of the Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar. In this study, a total sample size of 64 with 32 in each group was observed. Newborn infants were randomly assigned to two types of cord care regimes, Group-A and Group-B. In Group-A newborns, the umbilical cord was cleansed with a single application of 4% chlorhexidine solution, and newborns in Group-B were instructed to leave the cord dry. The outcome of the study was the presence or absence of Omphalitis for which follow-up was done by the researcher on days 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th of life in the hospital or through a home visit, whichever was acceptable to parents. The outcome measurement was recorded through proforma. Results: In this study mean age in Group A was 7± 2.77 days. Whereasthe mean age in Group B was 7±3.12 days. In group-A Fifty-six percent of neonates were male and 44% of neonates were female. Whereas in Group B 53% of neonates were male and 47% of neonates were female. 94% of patients responded favourably to additional chlorhexidine solution, whereas 6% did not..whereas Group B dry cord was successful in preventing Neonatal Omphalitis in 78% of cases and failed in 22% of individuals. Practical implication: With the use of chlorhexidine in newborn prevent neonates from sepsis and reduce mortality and morbidity. Conclusion:Our study concludes that a single application of chlorhexidine is more effective than a dry cord in the prevention of Omphalitis in neonates. Keywords: effectiveness, a single application of chlorhexidine, Omphalitis, neonates.
Comparison between Balloon Inflation and Uterovaginal packing after Vaginal Delivery in Term of Control of Primary PPH
Authors: Nisa Sadaf Un , Nisa Shams Un , Athar Mahnoor
Published: May 2023

Aim: To compare balloon inflation with uterovaginal packing after vaginal delivery in term of control of primary post-partum hemorrhage. Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Study duration: May 2022 to November 2022 Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Methods: Total 140 patients of PPH after vaginal delivery age between 18-40 years, all parity and both booked and un-booked were selected and control of PPH was compared. Results: Total140 females who experienced PPH after vaginal delivery were enlisted in this study. Their mean age was 28.41 ± 5.894 years. In the Balloon inflation group and Uterovaginal packing group, the mean ages were 28.14 ± 6.240 years and 28.69 ± 5.557 years, respectively. Balloon inflation was utilized in the Balloon inflation group, and it was observed to be efficacious in controlling PPH in 39 (55.71%) patients. However, in the Uterovaginal packing group, uterovaginal packing was utilized and was noted to have controlled Primary PPH in 59 (84.29%) patients after vaginal delivery. The control rate of primary PPH was observed to be significantly (P=0.000) higher in the uterovaginal packing group when compared to the balloon inflation group. Practical implication: that for the control of PPH after vaginal delivery, uterovaginal packing is more effective in control of PPH than balloon inflation. Conclusion: Our study concluded that for the control of PPH after vaginal delivery, uterovaginal packing is more effective in control of PPH than balloon inflation. Keywords: Vaginal delivery, PPH,uterovaginal packing, balloon inflation
Correlation of Post-Operative Outcomes in patients undergoing CABG Receiving Antegradecardioplegia alone Versus Combined Antegrade Plus Retrograde Cardioplegia: A Prospective Review
Authors: Jabeen Saima , Arif Ahsan , Bukhari Syeda Rabia , Umair Mubashir , Akbar Sahar , Yunus Aftab
Published: May 2023

Aim: To compare the mean ejection fraction and cardiac enzymes level in patients with Ischemic heart disease undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) having antegrade blood cardioplegia versus antegrade plus retrograde Cardioplegia. Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial Place and duration: This study was performed from 7th February, 2020 to 7th August, 2020 at the Cardiac Surgery Department, PIC, Jail Road, Lahore. Methodology: After receiving informed consent, all patients undergoing CABG were enrolled in this study. In order to compare the mean ejection fraction and cardiac enzyme levels between patients who had antegrade blood cardioplegia and those who had antegrade plus retrograde cardioplegia, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics were recorded into the predesigned proforma. Results: The total number of patients 72 was enrolled in this study who were divided into two groups. There were 36(50%) patients of who have given Cardioplegia through antegrade route while CABG and 36(50%) patients who have given Cardioplegia through antegrade plus retrograde route while CABG in this study. According to Table 1, the mean age of the patients in Group A was 51.86±9.35 years, whereas the mean ages of the participants in Group B 52.92±7.70 years. There were 26(72%) male and 10(28%) females in Group A and 30(83%) male and 6(17%) females in Group B. The mean BMI in Group A was 25.65±5.18 and 25.02±3.97 in Group B. There were 35(97%) hypertensive and 1(3%) non hypertensive patients in Group A and B respectively. Similarly, there were 33(92%) diabetic and 3(8%) non diabetic patients in Group A and 28 (78%) diabetic and 8(22%) non diabetic patients were in Group B. There were 26(72%) smokers and 10(28%) non- smokers in Group A and 24 (67%) smokers and 12(33%) non-smokers in this Group B. Practical Implication: The comparison of CKMB(IU/L) levels in Antegrade route group and antegrade plus retrograde group baseline and after 48 hours shows insignificant p-values of 0.17 and 0.12 respectively which shows that there is no significant difference in CKMB levels regarding these two routes chosen for giving Cardioplegia to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Conclusion: Although both required additional surgical manoeuvres, however, the antegrade and antegrade plus retrograde cardioplegia approaches were equally effective and safe. Prior research demonstrated that multiple infusions offer superior protection to either antegrade or retrograde cardioplegia alone. Keywords: Coronary artery Bypass grafting surgery, Antegrade route, Retrograde Route, Antegrade plus Retrograde route.
CT of Anatomic Variants of Sinonasal region and its correlation with symptoms of Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Akhter Muhammad Saleem , Akhtar Javaria , Ali Shahid , Khan Hassan Raza
Published: May 2023

Background: Sinonasal region is subjected to wide anatomical variation. The paranasal sinuses (PNS) create a connection with nasal cavity. They are placed in close proximity to nose. The four paranasalsinuses ;maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal, are named after their coinciding bone. Computed Tomography (CT Scan )is important modality to describe the location of these paranasal sinuses. Aim: To ascertain the frequency of various anatomic variants of sinonasal region in population of Sahiwaland itsassociation with symptoms of rhinosinusitis. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Sahiwal Teaching Hospital from 10th June 2022 – 10th December 2022, with collaboration of Radiology and otorhinolaryngeology Departments. 60 symptomatic subjects between 18-60 years of age, irrespective of gender with rhinosinusitiswere taken.They underwent CT Scan of paranasal sinuses. The findings of CT Scan related to nasal-septum, turbinates, uncinate process, ethmoid air-cells and other anatomical variants corresponded with symptoms of rhinosinusitis. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Frequency, percentages and p-value of different variants were calculated. The p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Our study showed 63.3% males and 36.7% females. The mean age of our subjects was 30.65 + 12.7 years. The most frequently seen anatomical variants in our population were nasal septum deviation (86.7%) followed by aggernasi cells (68.3%) and asymmetry of both sides of sphenoid sinuses (68.3%). The statically significant association was noted between concha bullosa of middle turbinate and nasal obstruction ( p-value 0.001) and between rhinorrhea and asymmetry of both sides of sphenoid sinus ( p-value 0.035) Practical Implications & Conclusion: We concluded from our study that that however there is no significant association between rhinosinusitis and most of the anatomic variants of sinonasal region except concha bullosa of middle turbinate and asymmetry of both sides of sphenoid sinus. But to avoid operative complexities, a surgeon must be well aware of these diverse variants. Keywords: Anatomical variations, CT-scan, Rhinosinusitis
Multisite Injection of Corticosteroids is more Efficient than a Single Glenohumeral Injection in Treating Acute Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Saud Abdul Munaf , Gul Naveed , Tipu Abdul Rauf , Mahmood Mazhar , Abid Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of a single glenohumeral injection versus multisite injection of corticosteroids in treating acute frozen shoulder. Study design: Randomized controlled trial Setting and duration: Department of Orthopedic Surgery Civil Hospital Bahawalpur from January 2022 to December 2022. Material and methods: Total 74 patients with acute frozen shoulder having onset of symptoms within the last 12 months were included. This study compared the functional ratings, Mobility, and pain alleviation of patients with primary Frozen Shoulder (FS) after different period of follow up in our OPD. In multisite group, triamcinolone acetonide, bupivacaine and saline were injected into four different sites. In the single glenohumeral injection group, only the glenohumeral joint was injected. Both groups received physiotherapy after injection, including soft tissue therapy, joint mobilization and a home exercise program. The outcome measures were assessed through Range of motion, function and pain scores at a follow up of every three months, six months and then after one year. Results: According to the study, the patients receiving injections at multisite outperformed those receiving single-injection on the visual analogue scale (VAS) at all follow-up intervals (P = 0.01). Moreover, compared to the single-injection group, the multisite-injection group had substantially superior active and passive ROM restoration (P 0.05) and higher functional scores (P 0.05). Practical Implication: It suggests multisite injections as a treatment for frozen shoulder, in contrast to prior studies. Positive characteristics of the study include the use of a blinded clinical examination and the presence of a sufficient number of participants Conclusion: In conclusion, multisite injection of corticosteroids has more potency than a single injection in reducing pain in patients with acute frozen shoulder. Clinicians may consider multisite injection as a preferred method of treatment for primary frozen shoulder, especially in patients with severe pain. Keywords: multisite injection, frozen shoulder, glenohumeral injection, pain, stiffness
Comparative effect of PNF VS early Dynamic stretching in pain, range of motion and functional status in shoulder joint
Authors: Khalid Fatima , Khalid Umar Abdul Rehman , Khan Laila Niaz , Salik Sumbal , Saeed Arslan , Abdullah Zainab , Maqbool Sania
Published: May 2023

Background: Burn of shoulder and axillary region are common affecting patient’s range of motion and his/her performance in his daily life. Because post burn if treatment is not given, contracture will ultimately form. Aim: To determine the comparative effectiveness of PNF (hold relax) VS early Dynamic stretching exercises for improving pain, range of motion and functional status in the shoulder joint and quality of functional recovery in burn patients. Methodology: A single blinded Randomized clinical trial was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Burn ward. Total 74 patients (Male and Female) were included in the study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were randomly allocated in two groups, 32 in each group by odd even method. Group 1 received PNF (hold-relax) protocol while group 2 received Dynamic stretching protocol, both the groups received the treatment along with conventional therapy on alternate days for 4 weeks. Pre and post treatment assessment VAS, Q-DASH score and ranges of motion were done. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23 version. Paired sample T-test and independent sample T test was used to assess within and between group analysis with having confidence interval CI 95% and p value 0.05. The purpose of paired T-test and independent t-test was to determine the difference within and between the groups in all clinical parameters (Q-DASH score, VAS score and ROM) during both pre and post treatment. Results: According to the findings, VAS, Q-DASH scoring and ranges of affected burn shoulder joint were significantly improved in both groups i.e., treated with PNF and Dynamic stretching protocol. However, on group comparison; statistically significant improvement in VAS, Q-DASH scoring and ranges of shoulder were observed in patients treated with PNF as compared to Dynamic stretching with p-value <0.05. Practical implication: The study provides the opportunity to physiotherapist to get aware of the role of PNF and dynamic stretching in preventing and treating post burn patients. It provides the statistical effectiveness of techniques in increasing the recovery rate of patients by using defined treatment protocol. Conclusion: This study proved that PNF and Early Dynamic Stretching both are effective in improving pain, range of motions and functional status among burn patients. However; PNF (hold relax) was more beneficial for improving functional status and treating pain and range of motion in shoulder joint of burn patients with p-value <0.05. Keywords: Axillary burns, Contractures, Early Dynamic Stretching exercises, Functional recovery, Range of motion(ROM).
Long-COVID and its Physical and Neurological Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Baig Abdul Mannan , Rizvi Sameera , Pardhan Shahla , Gerlach Joachim , Ali Tazeen Saeed
Published: May 2023

This review was carried out with the objective to study patterns of neurological, psychological and other physical consequences of COVID-19 in the long term. The guidelines of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) had been followed; 22 articles, published during January 2020 to September 2021, were selected. Original research, review articles, editorial and viewpoints were included. Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed were searched through 2020 till 2021.Data collection in selected studies was performed mainly through the online survey, telephone survey, use of medical records, and patient interviews. This systematic review contains the studies conducted in the American, Asian and European countries. The major outcomes identified were the neurological, psychological, and other long-term chronic manifestations of COVID‐19. This review demonstrates that long-COVID has started to bring a huge wave of patients, the count of them being millions now, who can enter a phase of disability due to neurological damages if not treated during the early course of illness. Though more disabling than lethal, long-COVID patients with a neurological deficit is expected to overburden the healthcare system globally which is already been struggling to handle acute COVID-19 patients in this once-in-a-lifetime pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, Neurological and Psychological symptoms, Physical Symptoms, Long-COVID.