bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of predation risk through referential communication in incubating birds
Authors: Suzuki Toshitaka N.
Published: May 2015

Parents of many bird species produce alarm calls when they approach and deter a nest predator in order to defend their offspring. Alarm calls have been shown to warn nestlings about predatory threats, but parents also face a similar risk of predation when incubating eggs in their nests. Here, I show that incubating female Japanese great tits, Parus minor, assess predation risk by conspecific alarm calls given outside the nest cavity. Tits produce acoustically discrete alarm calls for different nest predators: “jar” calls for snakes and “chicka” calls for other predators such as crows and martens. Playback experiments revealed that incubating females responded to “jar” calls by leaving their nest, whereas they responded to “chicka” calls by looking out of the nest entrance. Since snakes invade the nest cavity, escaping from the nest helps females avoid snake predation. In contrast, “chicka” calls are used for a variety of predator types and therefore, looking out of the nest entrance helps females gather information about the type and location of approaching predators. These results show that incubating females derive information about predator type from different types of alarm calls, providing a novel example of functionally referential communication.
Structures of the metallic and superconducting high pressure phases of solid CS2
Authors: Zarifi Niloofar , Liu Hanyu , Tse John S.
Published: May 2015

First principles structural prediction and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations have been performed to examine the structures responsible for the recently reported metallic and superconducting phases of highly compressed CS2. The low pressure experimental molecular crystal structure was found to be metastable and transformed into a disordered structure above 10 GPa. At 60 GPa, the predicted low energy structures show molecular CS2 is separated into C and S dominant regions. A crystalline structure with the P21/m symmetry was found to be most stable from 60 to 120 GPa. The structure is formed from alternate layers of hexagonal C rings and S 2D-square-nets linked by C-S bonds. A non-crystalline structure with similar features structure is also predicted by MD calculations. Electron-phonon coupling calculations show this crystalline phase is superconductive. Contrary to the suggestions made from the experiments, no magnetism was found in all predicted low enthalpy high pressure structures. Moreover, the theoretical results do not support the proposal on the existence of hypervalent 6-coordinated carbon at 120 GPa.
Determination of Cr(vi) in cosmetic products using ion chromatography with dynamic reaction cell-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS)
Authors: Petrucci Francesco , Senofonte Oreste
Published: May 2015

The chromium(vi) salts are possible contaminants of the chromium(iii) pigments used as colorants in face powder and eye shadow preparations.
Graphene-based membranes
Authors: Liu Gongping , Jin Wanqin , Xu Nanping
Published: May 2015

Latest advances in theoretical prediction, fabrication strategies, structure–property relationships, and transport properties of membranes derived from graphene and its derivatives.
Tuning the deposition of molecular graphene nanoribbons by surface functionalization
Authors: Konnerth R. , Cervetti C. , Narita A. , Feng X. , Müllen K. , Hoyer A. , Burghard M. , Kern K. , Dressel M. , Bogani L.
Published: May 2015

We show that individual, isolated graphene nanoribbons, created with a molecular synthetic approach, can be assembled on functionalised wafer surfaces treated with silanes. The use of surface groups with different hydrophobicities allows tuning the density of the ribbons and assessing the products of the polymerisation process.
Molecular basis of Streptococcus mutans sortase A inhibition by the flavonoid natural product trans-chalcone
Authors: Wallock-Richards Daynea J. , Marles-Wright Jon , Clarke David J. , Maitra Amarnath , Dodds Michael , Hanley Bryan , Campopiano Dominic J.
Published: May 2015

Sortase A (SrtA) from Gram positive pathogens is an attractive target for inhibitors due to its role in the attachment of surface proteins to the cell wall.
Europium(iii)–β-diketonate complex-containing nanohybrid luminescent pH detector
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Li Peng , Xu Qianqian , Li Huanrong
Published: May 2015

We herein report an organic–inorganic hybrid pH detector system Eu3+(TTA)n@Lap that is valid under acid conditions.
A luminescence switch-on probe for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity detection by using an iridium(iii)-based i-motif probe
Authors: Lu Lihua , Wang Modi , Liu Li-Juan , Wong Chun-Yuen , Leung Chung-Hang , Ma Dik-Lung
Published: May 2015

An iridium(iii) complex exhibiting higher responce towards i-motif DNA over dsDNA and ssDNA was employed for the construction of a TdT activity detection platform. The limit of detection for TdT was 0.25 U ML−1.
Lipase-modified pH-responsive microgel-based optical device for triglyceride sensing
Authors: Zhang Qiang Matthew , Berg Darren , Mugo Samuel M. , Serpe Michael J.
Published: May 2015

Lipase-modified poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-based microgels were synthesized, and used to fabricate optical devices (etalons). Triglyceride reacted with lipase to generate fatty acid, which yielded an etalon response.
Sensitive and homogeneous microRNA detection using branched cascade enzymatic amplification
Authors: Chi Bao-Zhu , Liang Ru-Ping , Zhang Li , Qiu Jian-Ding
Published: May 2015

A novel and straightforward method for sensitive microRNA detection is developed based on branched cascade enzymatic amplification.
Structured Pd–Au/Cu-fiber catalyst for gas-phase hydrogenolysis of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol
Authors: Zhang Li , Han Lupeng , Zhao Guofeng , Chai Ruijuan , Zhang Qiaofei , Liu Ye , Lu Yong
Published: May 2015

A structured Pd–Au/Cu-fiber with a ternary Pd–Au–Cu+ complex is active, selective and stable for the gas-phase hydrogenolysis of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol.
Photoinduced reductive perfluoroalkylation of phosphine oxides: synthesis of P-perfluoroalkylated phosphines using TMDPO and perfluoroalkyl iodides
Authors: Sato Yuki , Kawaguchi Shin-ichi , Ogawa Akiya
Published: May 2015

P-Perfluoroalkylphosphines are synthesized by photoreaction between TMDPO and perfluoroalkyl iodides, with the reduction of phosphine oxides.
A fluorescent probe for hypochlorite based on the modulation of the unique rotation of the N–N single bond in acetohydrazide
Authors: Long Lingliang , Wu Yanjun , Wang Lin , Gong Aihua , Hu Feilong , Zhang Chi
Published: May 2015

A fluorescent probe for hypochlorite was developed based on a novel signaling mechanism of modulating the N–N bond rotation in acetohydrazide.
Structural effects on the photophysical properties of mono-β-diketonate and bis-β-diketonate EuIII complexes
Authors: Zhu Tianyu , Chen Peng , Li Hongfeng , Sun Wenbin , Gao Ting , Yan Pengfei
Published: May 2015

Two mononuclear and binuclear europium complexes with similar chemical structures show structure-dependent photophysical properties.
Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectrum of protonated bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether obtained with a tunable CO2 laser
Authors: Ehsan M. U. , Bozai Y. , Pearson, III W. L. , Horenstein N. A. , Eyler J. R.
Published: May 2015

A moderate-resolution infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectrum of protonated bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether (diglyme) was obtained using a grating-tuned CO2 laser.
Nanosized microporous crystals: emerging applications
Authors: Mintova Svetlana , Jaber Maguy , Valtchev Valentin
Published: May 2015

This review highlights recent developments in the synthesis and unconventional applications of nanosized microporous crystals including framework (zeolites) and layered (clays) type materials.
Review of catalytic systems and thermodynamics for the Guerbet condensation reaction and challenges for biomass valorization
Authors: Gabriëls Dries , Hernández Willinton Yesid , Sels Bert , Van Der Voort Pascal , Verberckmoes An
Published: May 2015

This review deals with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes for the Guerbet condensation, as well as discusses biomass sources, thermodynamics and technological considerations.
Titanium(iv) catalysts with ancillary imino-spiroketonato ligands: synthesis, structure and olefin polymerization
Authors: Ma Yuguo , Lobkovsky Emil B. , Coates Geoffrey W.
Published: May 2015

New titanium(iv) complexes having two bidentate β-iminoethyl-spiro[4,5]decan-6-onato ligands with various N-aryl substituents have been synthesized.
Anion coordination selective [Mn3] and [Mn4] assemblies: synthesis, structural diversity, magnetic properties and catechol oxidase activity
Authors: Pait Moumita , Shatruk Michael , Ray Debashis
Published: May 2015

The present manuscript reports the detail synthesis, characterization, magnetic property and catechol oxidation study of a family of mixed valent (MnIIMnIII) and trivalent (MnIII) manganese complexes from a Schiff base ligand.
Self-assembled BiVO4/Bi2WO6 microspheres: synthesis, photoinduced charge transfer properties and photocatalytic activities
Authors: Fan Haimei , Wang Dejun , Liu Zhipeng , Xie Tengfeng , Lin Yanhong
Published: May 2015

A series of BiVO4/Bi2WO6 microspheres was synthesized by a simple, one-pot, template-free, solvothermal method.
Experimental and theoretical studies of highly emissive dinuclear Cu(i) halide complexes with delayed fluorescence
Authors: Kang Liju , Chen Jin , Teng Teng , Chen Xu-Lin , Yu Rongmin , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: May 2015

Experimental and theoretical studies of the photophysical properties of three novel emissive dinuclear Cu(i) halide complexes with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are reported.
Introducing a pyrazole/imidazole based hybrid cyclophane: a hydrogen bond sensor and binucleating ligand precursor
Authors: Altmann Philipp J. , Jandl Christian , Pöthig Alexander
Published: May 2015

A novel cyclophane consisting of methylene-bridged imidazolium- and pyrazole-moieties (calix[4]imidazolium[2]pyrazole) and two of its applications are presented.
Occupational exposure to airborne contaminants during offshore oil drilling
Authors: Kirkhus Niels E. , Thomassen Yngvar , Ulvestad Bente , Woldbæk Torill , Ellingsen Dag G.
Published: May 2015

The aim was to study exposure to airborne contaminants in oil drillers during ordinary work.
The supportive effect of supplementation with α-keto acids on physical training in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Y. , Spreng T. , Lehr M. , Yang B. , Karau A. , Gebhardt H. , Steinacker J. M.
Published: May 2015

The supplementation with α-keto acids provides supportive effects in type 2 diabetes patients undergoing physical training by improving training effects and prolonging benefit in glucose control.
Bioactive comparison of main components from unripe fruits of Rubus chingii Hu and identification of the effective component
Authors: Zhang Tian-Tian , Yang Li , Jiang Jian-Guo
Published: May 2015

Dried and unripe fruit of Rubus chingii Hu, known as “Fu-pen-zi” in Chinese, has been used as a food and tonic in China for a long time.
Sequential myosin phosphorylation activates tarantula thick filament via a disorder–order transition
Authors: Espinoza-Fonseca L. Michel , Alamo Lorenzo , Pinto Antonio , Thomas David D. , Padrón Raúl
Published: May 2015

Tarantula thick filament activation is triggered by disorder-to-order transition in myosin regulatory light chain N-terminal extension controlled by sequential phosphorylation.
Synthesis and in vitro assessment of chemically modified siRNAs targeting BCL2 that contain 2′-ribose and triazole-linked backbone modifications
Authors: Hagen Gordon , Peel Brandon J. , Samis John , Desaulniers Jean-Paul
Published: May 2015

Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are naturally occurring biomolecules used for post-transcriptional gene regulation, and therefore hold promise as a future therapeutic by silencing gene expression of overexpressed deleterious genes.
A highly selective SBA-15 supported fluorescent “turn-on” sensor for the fluoride anion
Authors: Appiah-Ntiamoah Richard , Chung Wook-Jin , Kim Hern
Published: May 2015

TSBA (or ASBA) remained stable upon prolonged exposure to UV light (losing ∼0.12% of its fluorescence intensity), and was highly selective towards F− over other common anions (Cl−, Br−, I−, HPO42−, ACO−, and NO3−).
In situ formation and photo patterning of emissive quantum dots in small organic molecules
Authors: Bansal Ashu K. , Sajjad Muhammad T. , Antolini Francesco , Stroea Lenuta , Gečys Paulius , Raciukaitis Gediminas , André Pascal , Hirzer Andreas , Schmidt Volker , Ortolani Luca , Toffanin Stefano , Allard Sybille , Scherf Ullrich , Samuel Ifor D. W.
Published: May 2015

Laser patterning of luminescent metal selenide nanoparticles in organic semiconductor films is demonstrated by thermal decomposition of a precursor.
A tactile sensor translating texture and sliding motion information into electrical pulses
Authors: Liao Zhipeng , Liu Weihua , Wu You , Zhang Chen , Zhang Yan , Wang Xiaoli , Li Xin
Published: May 2015

Translating texture and sliding motion information into electric pulses.
Functionalized ZnO@TiO2nanorod array film loaded with ZnIn0.25Cu0.02S1.395solid-solution: synthesis, characterization and enhanced visible light driven water splitting
Authors: Wang Ruosong , Xu Xiaoxue , Zhang Yi , Chang Zhimin , Sun Zaicheng , Dong Wen-Fei
Published: May 2015

We have designed a novel semiconductor nanorod film, sensitized with a polymetallic sulfide, for solar energy conversion. Our results verify that it could be conveniently used in micro-nano photoelectronic devices.
Aptamer loaded MoS2nanoplates as nanoprobes for detection of intracellular ATP and controllable photodynamic therapy
Authors: Jia Li , Ding Lin , Tian Jiangwei , Bao Lei , Hu Yaoping , Ju Huangxian , Yu Jun-Sheng
Published: May 2015

A smart MoS2nanoplate-based and ATP-activatable nanoprobe was designed for fluorescence imaging of intracellular ATP and controllable photodynamic therapy.
Preparation of fluorescent mesoporous hollow silica–fullerene nanoparticles via selective etching for combined chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Yang Yannan , Yu Meihua , Song Hao , Wang Yue , Yu Chengzhong
Published: May 2015

Fluorescent mesoporous hollow silica–fullerene nanoparticles with particle sizes of ∼50 nm have been successfully prepared, showing excellent performance in combined chemo-photodynamic therapy.
Effect of finite ion sizes in electric double layer mediated interaction force between two soft charged plates
Authors: Andrews Joseph , Das Siddhartha
Published: May 2015

A new theory quantifies the effect of finite ion size in osmotic pressure (Πosm) between two soft charged plates.
Synthesis, microstructure and properties of Ti–Al porous intermetallic compounds prepared by a thermal explosion reaction
Authors: Shi Quanlin , Qin Botao , Feng Peizhong , Ran Huashen , Song Binbin , Wang Jianzhong , Ge Yuan
Published: May 2015

Ti–Al porous intermetallic compounds were prepared by a simple and energy-saving process of thermal explosion (TE) reactions.
Dissolving behavior and electrical properties of ZnO wire in HCl solution
Authors: Qi Junjie , Zhang Kui , Ji Zhaoxia , Xu Minxuan , Wang Zengze , Zhang Yue
Published: May 2015

In this paper, the preferential etching plane and electrical properties of ZnO wires are investigated after reaction with HCl solution.
Combination of ultrasound and Fenton treatment for improving the hydrolysis and acidification of waste activated sludge
Authors: Bao Hongxu , Jiang Lei , Chen Chunxiao , Yang Chunxue , He Zhangwei , Feng Yaodong , Cai Weiwei , Liu Wenzong , Wang Aijie
Published: May 2015

US/Fenton had a synergetic effect on improving the hydrolysis and subsequent acidification of WAS.
Firmly bonded graphene–silicon nanocomposites as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Yifan , Du Ning , Zhang Hui , Yang Deren
Published: May 2015

We demonstrate the synthesis of the firmly bonded reduced graphene oxide (RGO)@Si nanocomposites via the magnesiothermic reduction for high performance LIBs anode materials.
An efficient and confluent approach for the synthesis of novel 3,4-dihydro-2H-naphtho[2,3-e][1,3]oxazine-5,10-dione derivatives by a three component reaction in ionic liquid
Authors: Khanna Garima , Aggarwal Komal , Khurana Jitender M.
Published: May 2015

Novel 3,4-dihydro-2H-naphtho[2,3-e][1,3]oxazine-5,10-diones have been synthesized via one pot condensation of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, aromatic amine and formaldehyde in [bmim]BF4.
l-Proline nitrate: a recyclable and green catalyst for the synthesis of highly functionalized piperidines
Authors: Agrawal Nikita R. , Bahekar Sandeep P. , Sarode Prashant B. , Zade Sanjio S. , Chandak Hemant S.
Published: May 2015

Multi-component synthesis of highly functionalized piperidines has been demonstrated using ‘fully green’ l-proline nitrate as recyclable room temperature ionic liquid. Recycling of the catalyst was possible up to five runs without loss of catalyst activity.
Effect of synthesis routes on the properties and bactericidal activity of cryogels incorporated with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Loo Siew-Leng , Krantz William B. , Fane Anthony G. , Hu Xiao , Lim Teik-Thye
Published: May 2015

AgNPs-incorporated cryogels prepared via three synthesis routes were explored as antibacterial sorbents for water disinfection.
Unveiling the nature of supramolecular crown ether–C60 interactions
Authors: Moreira Luis , Calbo Joaquín , Krick Calderon Rafael M. , Santos José , Illescas Beatriz M. , Aragó Juan , Nierengarten Jean-François , Guldi Dirk M. , Ortí Enrique , Martín Nazario
Published: May 2015

Preparation of exTTF-(crown ether)2 receptors, which host C60, to understand the nature of the fullerene–crown ether interaction. A combination of experimental and in silico studies suggest that it results from the interplay of donor–acceptor, ð–ð , n–ð and CH•••ð interactions.
Cytocompatible in situ cross-linking of degradable LbL films based on thiol–exchange reaction
Authors: Yang Sung Ho , Choi Jinsu , Palanikumar L. , Choi Eun Seong , Lee Juno , Kim Juan , Choi Insung S. , Ryu Ja-Hyoung
Published: May 2015

A highly cytocompatible LbL process was developed, based on the thiol–exchange reaction, for forming in situ cross-linked and degradable films under physiologically mild conditions.
A wire-shaped flexible asymmetric supercapacitor based on carbon fiber coated with a metal oxide and a polymer
Authors: Liu Weijie , Liu Nishuang , Shi Yuling , Chen Ying , Yang Congxing , Tao Jiayou , Wang Siliang , Wang Yumei , Su Jun , Li Luying , Gao Yihua
Published: May 2015

A flexible wire-shaped fiber asymmetric supercapacitor shows perfect bending properties, high performance and good cycling stability.
Multi-shape-memory effects in a wavelength-selective multicomposite
Authors: Yu Li , Wang Qian , Sun Jian , Li Chenyue , Zou Cheng , He Zemin , Wang Zhendong , Zhou Le , Zhang Lanying , Yang Huai
Published: May 2015

Tuneable shape-memory effects can be achieved in a wavelength-selective multicomposite.
Ionic conductivity of a single porous MnO2mesorod at controlled oxidation states
Authors: Plett Timothy , Gamble Trevor , Gillette Eleanor , Lee Sang Bok , Siwy Zuzanna S.
Published: May 2015

The ionic conductivity of porous MnO2at the nanoscale is not well understood, despite possible importance in battery charging/discharging processes.
Naturally inspired polyelectrolyte multilayer composite films synthesised through layer-by-layer assembly and chemically infiltrated with CaCO3
Authors: Patel Iffat F. , Kiryukhin Maxim V. , Yakovlev Nikolai L. , Gupta Himadri S. , Sukhorukov Gleb B.
Published: May 2015

Inorganic chemical infiltration in polyelectrolyte multilayer films results in a considerable change in morphology and mechanical properties mimicking natural composite materials.
Effects of RGD nanospacing on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Cao Bin , Wang Xuan , Ye Kai , Li Shiyu , Ding Jiandong
Published: May 2015

RGD nanopatterns were generated on nonfouling PEG hydrogels to explore the effects of RGD nanospacing on adhesion and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Biomineralization on enzymatically cross-linked gelatin hydrogels in the absence of dexamethasone
Authors: Bhatnagar Divya , Bherwani Aneel K. , Simon Marcia , Rafailovich Miriam H.
Published: May 2015

Biomineralization on enzymatically crosslinked gelatin hydrogels without dexamethasone.
Acetylcholinesterase-induced fluorescence turn-off of an oligothiophene-grafted quartz surface sensitive to myristoylcholine
Authors: Grisci G. , Mróz W. , Giovanella U. , Pagano K. , Porzio W. , Ragona L. , Samperi F. , Tomaselli S. , Galeotti F. , Destri S.
Published: May 2015

Immobilized oligothiophene chains that are able to assemble/disassemble upon interaction with a cationic surfactant to detect acetylcholinesterase activity by altering their photoluminescence.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy and imaging of push–pull conjugated polymer–fullerene blends
Authors: Martin Eric J. J. , Bérubé Nicolas , Provencher Françoise , Côté Michel , Silva Carlos , Doorn Stephen K. , Grey John K.
Published: May 2015

Resonance Raman spectroscopy reveals conformation and morphology dependent electronic localization in push–pull donor–acceptor co-polymers.
Non‐destructive observation of ferroelectric domain inverted structures in MgO:LiNbO3 by scanning electron microscope
Authors: Tanaka K. , Suhara T.
Published: May 2015

The non‐destructive observation of ferroelectric domain inverted (DI) structures in magnesium oxide (MgO)‐doped lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals by a scanning electron microscope is reported. The secondary electron emission coefficient dependent on the acceleration voltage is measured to find the second cross‐over voltage. The surface potential contrast formed by the pyroelectric charge was observed. The high‐contrast images of DI structures of 15 μm period for quasi‐phase matching is obtained in the telecom wavelength band.
Cache scheme of shared‐buffer mappings for energy‐efficiency of mobile devices
Authors: Jeong Jinkyu , Lee Joonwon , Seo Euiseong
Published: May 2015

The repetitive mapping and unmapping operations of shared buffers, which are used for data sharing among applications and devices, incur significant processing overhead. Thus, a significant amount of energy is consumed during video playback, especially when physical address space becomes heavily fragmented after a large number of application instances. A caching scheme that preserves mapping information of the shared buffer for later use of the same buffer mapping is proposed. The evaluation shows that the proposed scheme reduces processor utilisation by ∼64% and energy consumption by ∼17% during video playback compared with that of commercial smartphone systems.
Survey on optical camera communications: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Saha Nirzhar , Ifthekhar Md Shareef , Le Nam Tuan , Jang Yeong Min
Published: May 2015

Wireless technologies based on radio frequencies (RFs) have always dominated other types of wireless technologies up until now. However, the recent proliferation of media‐rich smart devices has pushed the RF spectrum usage to its limit. Therefore RF band expansion towards the optical spectrum is imminent in commercial scale. Indeed, the research on wireless communications using the optical spectrum has gained tremendous ground during the past couple of decades and standardised, respectively, by infrared data association for infrared communication and IEEE 802.15.7 for visible light communication. However, only few shortcomings of the IEEE 802.15.7 standard have led to the development of a revised version, called IEEE 802.15.7r1. This article provides an insight on the activity of the proposed revision of IEEE 802.15.7r1. The proposed revision version targets communication systems that mainly use either image sensors or cameras, known as the optical camera communications (OCC). Leveraging the existing infrastructure, OCC systems will be able to provide ubiquitous coverage in both indoors and outdoors. The authors present their survey focusing on the key technology consideration in IEEE 802.15.7r1, current research status, impairments, enhancements and futuristic application scenarios of the OCC systems.
Chaotic eye‐based fault forecasting method for wind power systems
Authors: Yau Her‐Terng , Wang Meng Hui
Published: May 2015

This study proposes a method for detecting possible faults in wind turbine systems in advance such that the operating state of the fan can be changed or appropriate maintenance steps taken. In the proposed method, a chaotic synchronisation detection method is used to transform the vibration signal into a chaos error distribution diagram. The centroid (chaotic eye) of this diagram is then taken as the characteristic for fault diagnosis purposes. Finally, a grey prediction model is used to predict the trajectory of the feature changes, and an extension theory pattern recognition technique is applied to diagnose the fault. Notably, the use of the chaotic eye as the fault diagnosis characteristic reduces the number of extracted features required, and therefore greatly reduces both the computation time and the hardware implementation cost. From the experimental results, it is shown that the fault diagnosis rate of the proposed method exceeds 98%. Moreover, it is shown that for oil leaks in the gear accelerator system, the proposed method achieves a detection accuracy of 90%, whereas the multilayer neural network method achieves a maximum accuracy of just 80%.
Rapid Reviews: Sisyphos‘ Erlösung? – Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Mattivi J. , Buchberger B.
Published: May 2015

Ziel und Methodik: Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine Bestandsaufnahme zum Thema Rapid Reviews.

Ergebnisse: Die Erstellung von systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und Health Technology Assessment (HTA) ist zeitaufwändig und kostenintensiv. So dauert es üblicherweise zwischen einem halben und einem Jahr um einen systematischen Review zu verfassen und mindestens ein Jahr, um einen HTA-Bericht fertigzustellen. Diese Zeit ist jedoch aufgrund der Dringlichkeit mancher Fragestellungen oftmals nicht vorhanden. Rapid Reviews sind eine Form von systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten, die mit geringerem Zeitaufwand erstellt werden können und durch methodische Restriktionen gekennzeichnet sind. Diese können unterschiedliche Teile des Reviewprozesses betreffen. Oftmals werden Einschränkungen bei der Recherche und Beschaffung der Literatur gemacht, es können aber auch die Sichtung von Titel und Abstract, Volltextsichtung, Datenextraktion oder Qualitätsbewertung limitiert werden.

Schlussfolgerungen: Durch die Erstellung von Rapid Reviews können Zeit und Kosten gespart werden. In Situationen, die schnelle Entscheidungen erfordern, stellen Rapid Reviews die einzige Möglichkeit für eine fundierte Entscheidungsfindung dar. Die Anfälligkeit für systematische Fehler kann jedoch durch methodische Restriktionen erhöht sein.
Nachhaltige Implementierung evidenzbasierter Programme in der Gesundheitsförderung: Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen und ein Konzept zum interaktiven Wissenstransfer
Authors: Rütten A. , Wolff A. , Streber A.
Published: May 2015

Ziele: Der Beitrag diskutiert 2 aktuelle Probleme im Bereich der Public Health-Forschung: 1) Übertragung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse in die Praxis und 2) Nachhaltige Implementierung von Modellprojekten. Der Beitrag zielt auf die Integration von wissenschaftlicher und praktischer Evidenzproduktion im Implementierungskontext und auf die Überwindung deduktiver Modelle des Wissenstransfers.

Methodik: Vor dem Hintergrund bestehender theoretischer Ansätze, Pilotstudien sowie eigener konzeptioneller Überlegungen werden anhand einer modellhaften Darstellung des Zusammenspiels von Wissenschaft, Politik und Präventionspraxis Überlegungen zur nachhaltigen Implementierung von Gesundheitsförderungsprogrammen aufgezeigt. Das Konzept beschreibt 4 zentrale Prozesse des Zusammenspiels: Interaktiver Wissenstransfer, Kapazitätsentwicklung, Adaptierung des Programms und Veränderungen im Implementationskontext.

Ergebnisse: Die Sicherung der Nachhaltigkeit von Gesundheitsförderungsprogrammen erfordert eine Integration von wissenschaftlicher und praktischer Evidenzproduktion im Implementierungskontext. Für den Prozess der Integration werden interaktive Ansätze der Wissensproduktion und Umsetzung in Handeln (interactive knowledge to action) diskutiert. Hier sind insbesondere Ansätze der Befähigung und Kapazitätsentwicklung über Beteiligung und systematische Zusammenarbeit relevanter Stakeholder erfolgsversprechend. Durch diese Zusammenarbeit werden Prozesse der dynamischen Interaktion zwischen dem jeweiligen Gesundheitsförderungsprogramm, den Zielgruppen, beteiligten Organisationen sowie dem sozialen, kulturellen und politischen Kontext ausgelöst. Die wechselseitige Adaptation von Programm und Schlüsselkomponenten des Implementierungskontextes fördert dabei gleichzeitig die Wirksamkeit des Programms und die Nachhaltigkeitsentwicklung.

Schlussfolgerung: Die nachhaltige Implementierung evidenzbasierter Gesundheitsförderungsprogramme erfordert Alternativen zu den vorherrschenden deduktiven Modellen des Wissenstransfers. Interaktive Ansätze erweisen sich als erfolgsversprechende Alternativen. Sie verändern aber gleichzeitig die Zuständigkeiten von Wissenschaft, Politik und Public-Health-Praxis. Traditionelle Abgrenzungen zwischen Disziplinen und Sektoren werden z. B. durch die Konstituierung transdisziplinärer Teams sowie gemeinsamer Agenden und Vorgehensweisen überwunden. Diese Ansätze erfordern u. a. auch Anpassungen der Rahmenbedingungen von Forschungsprojekten, wie z. B. längere Förderzeiträume.
Analyse von Kosten und Erlösen der 10 häufigsten angiografischen Interventionen bei einem Krankenhaus der Maximalversorgung
Authors: Rennert J. , Mrosek S. , Stroszczynski C. , Schöffski O. , Schreyer A.
Published: May 2015

Ziel: Kostenanalyse und Evaluation der Vergütung durch GKV und PKV der 10 häufigsten angiografischen Verfahren an einem Universitätsklinikum.

Material und Methoden: Retrospektive Auswertung aller angiografischen Eingriffe des Jahres 2010 und Evaluation der 10 am häufigsten durchgeführten (Port-, Dialysekatheter, PTA von Ober- (OS) und Unterschenkel (US), TACE, Stents (Becken, viszeral, supraaortal), SIRT, zerebrale Coilembolisation). Berechnung der DRG-Anteile und Analyse, ob die Interventionen die DRGs modifizierten und Mehreinnahmen erzeugten. Kalkulation der Vergütung gemäß GOÄ für stationäre und ambulante Patienten. Berechnung von Material-, Personal- und Sachkosten für die Interventionen.

Ergebnisse: Folgende Werte (in €) wurden errechnet [Gesamt-, Material-, Personalkosten, DRG-Anteil, GOÄ (stat., amb.)]: Portkatheter: 375, 266, 59, 328, 260, 612; Dialysekatheter 456, 349, 59, 272, 343, 807; PTA OS: 595, 445, 99, 1 240, 425, 1 077; PTA US: 732, 552, 129, 1 082, 425, 1 184; Stent Becken: 1 523, 1 338, 135, 1 323, 815, n/a; Stent viszeral: 2 124, 1 875, 199, 1 326, 912, n/a; Stent supraaortal: 1 901, 1 713, 138, 6 705, 1 138, n/a; TACE: 1 359, 1 120, 188, 2 588, 598, n/a; SIRT: 1 251, 1 054, 147, 2 289, 1 107, n/a; Coiling zerebral: 6 684, 6 367, 266, 6 531, n/a, n/a. Es konnte keine Abhängigkeit der DRGs von den durchgeführten Interventionen nachgewiesen werden.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Auswertungen ergaben bei Analyse der DRG-Anteile ein Mischbild aus Verlusten (Port- und Dialysekatheter, Stent Becken und viszeral) und rechnerischen Mehreinnahmen (PTA OS/US, Stent supraaortal, TACE, SIRT). Das Coiling erscheint wirtschaftlich neutral. Eine reine Abrechnung nach GOÄ führt lediglich im ambulanten Sektor zu Gewinnen. Einschränkend muss jeder radiologische Eingriff natürlich ebenfalls als Teil der gesamten DRG gesehen werden.
Self-Reported Scoliosis is Not a Valid Method for Estimating Concordance Rates of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in a Danish Twin Population
Authors: Simony Ane , Kyvik Kirsten Ohm , Andersen Mikkel O.
Published: May 2015

Introduction

The etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is still unclear and the true mode of inheritance has yet to be established. From the Danish twin cohort concordance rates in monozygotic twins have previously been reported to be 0.13 and in dizygotic twins 0. Studies on concordance in twin pairs provide a basis for analyzing the influence of genetic versus environmental factors. In this study, we wanted to validate if self-reported scoliosis is a valid method to establish incidence and concordance rates in a twin population.

Patients and Methods

All 46,418 twins registered in the Danish Twin Registry born from 1931 to 1982 were sent a questionnaire, which included questions about scoliosis. The questionnaire was returned by 34,944 (75.3%) representing 23,204 pairs. A total of 548 individuals representing 274 complete twin pairs, where at least 1 has self-reported scoliosis were invited to a clinical and a radiologic examination. Zygosity was established by genetic testing.

Results

A total of 182 individuals (33.2% of the cohort) participated. Overall, 128 of these individuals had self-reported scoliosis. The total number of participants consisted of 91 twin pairs, where one or both twins had scoliosis and 36 individuals whose twin did not want to participate. Overall, 35 individuals (27.3%) of the 128 participants with self-reported scoliosis presented a clinical and radiological confirmed curve. Of these were 5 twin pairs (four monozygotic pairs and one dizygotic pair) with scoliosis in both twins and 16 twin pairs with scoliosis in only 1 twin and 9 individuals where only one twin participated. Calculating concordance in twins with curves greater than 10 degrees, we found that the pairwise concordance rate was 0.4 (range, 0.12–0.74) for monozygotic and 0.05 (range, 0.01–0.25) for dizygotic twin pairs, probandwise concordance was 0.45 for monozygotic and 0.1 for dizygotic pairs.

Conclusion

Self-reported scoliosis in a Danish twin population is not a valid method to establish the true concordance rates. Although it is not statistically significant the differences in monozygotic and dizygotic pairs indicate that hereditary parameters have an impact.
Epidemiology of Traumatic Cervical Spine Fractures in the Norwegian Population
Authors: Fredø Hege Linnerud , Bakken Inger J. , Lied Bjarne , Rønning Pål , Helseth Eirik
Published: May 2015

Introduction

The incidence of traumatic cervical spine fractures (CS-fx) in the general population is largely unknown. Former published data describe the incidence in different subpopulations, such as trauma center patients, head injury patients, osteoporotic patients, and military populations. Norway is a small country in Northern Europe with 5 million inhabitants. All acute traumatic cervical spine injuries are treated in government- owned public health care. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidences of CS-fx and of open surgical fixation of CS-fx in the Norwegian population.

Material and Methods

The Norwegian Patient Register (NPR) is an administrative database that contains activity data from all Norwegian government-owned hospitals and outpatient clinics. Reporting to NPR is mandatory and linked to the funding of health services. The diagnoses and procedures are coded according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) and the NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedures (NCSP), respectively. We retrieved information on all CS-fx between 2009 and 2012 from the NPR. Updated information on the date of death is included through routine linkage to the General Register Office.

Results

Between 2009 and 2012, a total of 2,963 patients had one or more CS-fx. The median age was 54 years, and 69% of the patients were male. The incidence of CS-fx was 15.0/100,000/year. A total of 19% of the patients were treated with open surgery, resulting in an estimated incidence of 2.9/100,000/ year for surgery for CS-fx in the Norwegian population. The 1- and 3-month mortality rates were 4 and 6%, respectively.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first registry-based study of the epidemiology of CS-fx in a general population. Our estimate of the incidence of CS-fx in the total Norwegian population was 15/100,000/year. The incidence of open surgery for CS-fx in the Norwegian population was estimated to be 2.9/100,000/year.
Anterior or Posterior Release for Severe Rigid Scoliosis: Which is Safer and More Effective?
Authors: Liu Zhen , Xie Dingding , Zhu Zezhang , Yu Yang , Wang Bin , Sun Xu , Qian Bang-Ping , Zhu Feng , Qiu Yong
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Various correction methods have been developed to treat severe rigid scoliosis. The anterior release was performed for many years to improve the flexibility of rigid scoliosis, however, the safety and efficacy of combined anterior/posterior approach were questioned by many authors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two-stage posterior surgery for severe rigid scoliosis and to determine whether posterior release is safer and more effective than anterior release.

Patients and Methods

A total of 27 patients undergoing the staged posterior procedure were included in P–P group and 32 patients undergoing staged anterior/posterior procedure were included in A–P group. Halo-femoral traction was used after the release procedure for both the groups. The flexibility and correction rate were evaluated to quantify the contribution of spinal release and traction to curve flexibility. Radiographic outcomes were compared between the two groups before surgery, after release and traction, immediately postoperatively, and at the last follow-up.

Results

Gender, release and fusion segments, duration and weight of traction, main curve magnitude, and curve type were similar between the two groups. Significant lower flexibility of main curve ( p = 0.001) and higher global kyphosis ( p < 0.001) was found in P–P group. For patients in the P–P group, the flexibility of major curve averaged 14.1% before surgery, which increased to 32.5% after posterior release and Halo-femoral traction ( p < 0.001) and showed 44.9% correction postoperatively. Compared with patients in A–P group, patients in the P–P group seemed more benefited from release and Halo-femoral traction (18.4 vs.12.9%, p = 0.021) although they had significantly more rigid scoliosis before surgery (14.1 vs. 21.0%, p < 0.001). Besides, the final correction rate of the main curve was similar between the two groups (50.1 vs. 44.9%, p = 0.094). Five patients in the A–P group were found to have respiratory system related complications, whereas only one patient in P–P group experienced superficial pin site infection combined with deep venous thrombosis of the left limb.

Conclusion

Staged posterior surgery provides a safe and effective option for the treatment of severe rigid scoliosis. And posterior release seems superior for anterior release regarding the surgical outcomes.
Modification in Surgical Technique for Posterior Vertebral Column Resection
Authors: Aydinli Ufuk , Mutlu Muren , Yaray Osman , Kara Kursat
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Surgical treatment of severe and rigid spinal deformities is usually difficult and challenging to perform. The goal of surgical treatment is to obtain a satisfactory balance both in sagittal and coronal planes. In rigid deformities, the osteotomies are usually insufficient; vertebral column resection is the only option of treatment. To reduce the operation time and complications, a single stage, posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) is defined by Suk et al. It enables rotational and translational correction of spinal column and provides an opportunity for manipulation of anterior and posterior column simultaneously. In the original PVCR, posterior elements of resection side were removed first and then the anterior part removed and correction was performed. The authors decided to make a modification in PVCR as performing the posterior total laminectomy, facetectomy, and pediclectomy after vertebral body resection. This method has two major advantages; minimization of the blood loss from epidural veins after laminectomy and protection of the neural elements from direct injury during vertebral body resection.

Patients and Methods

A total of 11 patients between the age of 3 and 63 years, diagnosed with severe spinal deformity with limited flexibility, who underwent modified PVCR were reviewed. The average follow-up was 2 years (range, 5 months–3 years). There were six female and five male patients with a mean age of 18 years. Severe congenital scoliosis was found in seven patients, congenital kyphosis in two patients, neurofibromatosis in one patient, and posttraumatic kyphosis in one patient. The surgery consisted of temporary fixation of vertebral column, resection of vertebral body first then resection of posterior elements, followed by deformity correction and fusion.

Results

The mean estimated blood loss was 1,072 mL (range, 350–2,000 mL). Overall, 39.45% (range, 33–50%) of total blood loss occurred after vertebral body resection, 60.91% (range, 50–67%) occurred after posterior elements removal. The ratio of estimated blood loss to estimated body blood volume was 26% (range, 19–52%). The deformity correction was 60% in the coronal plane. No neurological complications were encountered.

Conclusion

The PVCR is a complicated, technically demanding procedure with possible risks for major complications. All correction attempts must be performed under direct inspection, palpation of tension in the spinal cord by a highly experienced surgeon. Spinal cord neuromonitoring is a must to prevent neurological injuries. The authors modified the original technique defined by Suk and performed by various surgeons. The authors believe that making vertebral body resection before laminectomy would decrease the blood loss and protect the spinal cord. The validity of this new modified technique should be demonstrated in a prospective, randomized, controlled study with a larger patient population allowing comparison of age-matched subgroups.
Powdered Vancomycin versus Povidone Iodine in Spinal Fusion Deep Infection Prophylaxis: A Comparative Study in Trauma Patients
Authors: Cancado Sergio , Reis Marco Tulio , Malheiros Jose Augusto , Alves Belo Joao Tiago , Goncalves Diogo , Zanini Rocha Guilherme
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Incidence of deep surgical site infection (SSI) in spinal fusion varies from 0.3 to 20% according to the international literature. Instrumentation is a well-established risk factor for this complication. Higher morbidity and mortality rates and increased cost of treatment up to fourfold are associated with this complication. Prophylaxis with intravenous antibiotic is consensual, but few studies have evaluated the efficacy of topical agents in the surgical site with prophylactic intent. Irrigation with 3.5% povidone iodine and application of lyophilized vancomycin powder in surgical site have shown benefit, but there are no studies comparing these two methods. A comparative study using topic povidone iodine and vancomycin powder was conducted to reduce this knowledge gap.

Patients and Methods

The medical records of 439 patients who underwent spinal fusion with instrumentation for traumatic spinal lesion treatment were analyzed. Procedures were consecutively performed at Joao XXIII Hospital (level 1 trauma center). Patients were combined in the following two groups, according to the prophylactic agent used: Povidone iodine (PVPI) historical series ( n = 181), performed from January 2009 to April 2012 and vancomycin (VANCO) cohort study ( n = 239) conducted from May 2012 to December 2013. The surgical site in PVPI group was irrigated with 5% topic iodine solution during 3 minutes, before deep lumbar fascia closure. One gram of vancomycin powder was applied directly to the hardware in VANCO group. Both the groups received 2 g of intravenous cefazolin 30 minutes before surgery and had surgical site exhaustively washed with saline 0.9%, before closure in PVPI group and prior to apply vancomycin powder in VANCO group.

Results

No difference according to mean age, sex, and lesion level distribution (cervical × thoracolumbar) was observed between the two groups. Number of levels instrumented, coexisting infection, and surgical access were not compared because of a lack of information in medical records, especially those from PVPI series. SSI rate was lower in VANCO group (1.67%) compared with PVPI group (6.62%), this difference was statistically significant (chi-square test with Yates correction = 5.618; p = 0.018; IC 0.069–0.824).

Conclusion

The application of 1 g vancomycin powder in surgical site was superior to irrigation with 5% povidone iodine in the prophylaxis of deep surgical site infection. These results are valid for patients with spinal trauma who underwent instrumented fusion. Variability in surgical team, difference in the interval admission surgery (patients recently are being operated earlier), and number of levels instrumented are possible bias to this study. The low cost and easy applicability of topic prophylactic measures justify new studies with better statistical power (multicenter and randomized).
Combination of Fusion and Motion Preservation in the Surgical Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease
Authors: Bank Andras , Szollosi Balazs , Varga Peter
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Our clinical study design was prospective, concurrently enrolled, and single-center trial of the combination of fusion (intervertebral cage with or without ventrofixation) and cervical disc prosthesis implantation in the treatment of patients with multiple level degenerative disc disease. The cervical disc arthroplasty become more and more popular in the surgical treatment of the degenerative cervical disc disease. The goals of the cervical disc arthroplasty are to maintain or restore intervertebral height, spinal balance and mobility, and to avoid adjacent segment degeneration. However, in most of the patients with multisegmental degenerative disc disease, the certain segments show different stage of degeneration and instability. The study was designed to investigate the clinical effects of the combination of cervical fusion and arthroplasty and to observe the stability, range of motion, and the cervical spine sagittal balance in the follow-up period.

Patients and Methods

Since December 2007 to September 2012, 36 patients with symptomatic cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy underwent surgery with this combined method. In 14 cases, the surgery involved two level, in 16 cases was three level, and 6 cases was four level. At the follow-up period, the patients' pain, neurologic function, and the radiographic parameters (range of motion at the level of prosthesis and the adjacent segments, the intervertebral disc height of the adjacent segments, lordosis of the whole cervical spine, and heterotopic ossification) were evaluated.

Results

Early clinical experiences are promising. The segment of the prosthesis ultimately showed preservation of motion when compared with preoperative levels. The pre-op average ROM was 8.2 degrees (flexion/extension), the post-op average ROM 7.6 degrees. The whole cervical spine lordosis was pre-op 1.7 degrees the post-op 16.2 degrees. We have no implant-related failure.

Conclusion

The most important potential advantages of this method is that we can treat the multisegmental degeneration in each segment with the proper method including motion preservation and fusion, and restore the sagittal balance of the cervical spine. Although early results are promising, long-term follow-up studies required to prove its efficacy in the surgical treatment of the multisegmental degenerative cases.