bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a self-sampling HPV test for non-responders to cervical cancer screening in Japan: secondary analysis of the ACCESS trial
Authors: Fujita Misuzu , Nagashima Kengo , Shimazu Minobu , Suzuki Misae , Tauchi Ichiro , Sakuma Miwa , Yamamoto Setsuko , Hanaoka Hideki , Shozu Makio , Tsuruoka Nobuhide , Kasai Tokuzo , Hata Akira
Published: August 2022

A self-sampling human papillomavirus (HPV) test could improve the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer in Japan. However, its effectiveness and feasibility have not been demonstrated sufficiently. Hence, we launched a randomized controlled trial, which is ongoing, and report the results of a secondary analysis. To ensure autonomous participation with a minimum selection bias, opt-out consent was obtained from women who met the inclusion criteria, and written consent was obtained from those who underwent a self-sampling test. The number of women who met the inclusion criteria was 20,555; 4283 and 1138 opted out before and after the assignment, respectively. Of the 7340 women in the self-sampling arm, 1372 (18.7%) ordered and 1196 (16.3%) underwent the test. Younger women in their 30 s and 40 s tended to undertake the test more frequently than older women in their 50 s (P for trend < 0.001). Invalid HPV test results were rare (1.3%), and neither adverse events nor serious complaints were reported. Despite adopting the opt-out procedure, more women than expected declined to participate, suggesting the need for a waiver of consent or assignment before consent to reduce selection bias. A self-sampling HPV test can be implemented in Japan and would be more accessible to young women, the predominant group affected by cervical cancer.
A double helix-shaped optical fiber sensor for non-endoscopic diagnosis of gastrin-17
Authors: Wen Hsin-Yi , Weng Yu-Qiao , Chen Rou-Yu , Hsu Hsiang-Cheng , Yeh Yao-Tsung , Chiang Chia-Chin
Published: August 2022

Non-endoscopic tools for the diagnostic evaluation of patients should be promoted in the field of biomedical assay and the need for highly sensitive, efficient, low-cost, and user-friendly sensors must be considered.
Dual-responsive and NIR-driven free radical nanoamplifier with glutathione depletion for enhanced tumor-specific photothermal/thermodynamic/chemodynamic synergistic Therapy
Authors: Chen Fanghui , Zhang Xichen , Wang Zining , Xu Chensen , Hu Jinzhong , Liu Ling , Zhou Jiancheng , Sun Baiwang
Published: August 2022

A hyaluronidase and pH dual-responsive nanoplatform (MACTH) was developed with NIR-triggered free radical generation and glutathione depletion for tumor-specific photothermal/thermodynamic/chemodynamic synergistic therapy.
Long life exceeding 10 000 cycles for aluminum-ion batteries based on an FeTe2@GO composite as the cathode
Authors: Yang Li , Liu Jie , Liu Yongshuai , Li Yuhao , Zuo Fengkai , Xu Yifei , Wu Yangyang , Li Qiang , Li Hongsen
Published: August 2022

FeTe2@GO as a cathode for aluminum-ion batteries displays long-term cycling stability (10 000 cycles) at 1 A g−1, and a mechanism involving multiple cationic and anionic redox reaction was elucidated.
Beware of beam damage under reaction conditions: X-ray induced photochemical reduction of supported VOx catalysts during in situ XAS experiments
Authors: Zabilska Anna , Clark Adam H. , Ferri Davide , Nachtegaal Maarten , Kröcher Oliver , Safonova Olga V.
Published: August 2022

X-ray photoreduction of V5+ in supported vanadia catalysts was detected by XAS during in situ experiments at a synchrotron beamline. Practical strategies helping to recognize and mitigate such problems are suggested.
A two-dimensional Sb/InS van der Waals heterostructure for electronic and optical related applications
Authors: Zhang J. , Xu C. Y. , Guo Z. X. , Han L. P.
Published: August 2022

Stable configurations with excellent optical adsorption are crucial for photovoltaics or photocatalysis.
PROTAC degraders as chemical probes for studying target biology and target validation
Authors: Němec Václav , Schwalm Martin P. , Müller Susanne , Knapp Stefan
Published: August 2022

This review provides guidelines for the optimization of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and outlines criteria for their use as chemical probes.
Integrated biosensors for monitoring microphysiological systems
Authors: Mou Lei , Mandal Kalpana , Mecwan Marvin Magan , Hernandez Ana Lopez , Maity Surjendu , Sharma Saurabh , Herculano Rondinelli Donizetti , Kawakita Satoru , Jucaud Vadim , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: August 2022

This review discusses the state-of-the-art integrated biosensors by providing specific examples, detailing their main advantages in monitoring MPSs, and describing the remaining challenges and potential future developments.
Ultra-stable self-standing Au nanowires/TiO2nanoporous membrane system for high-performance photoelectrochemical water splitting cells
Authors: Wierzbicka Ewa , Schultz Thorsten , Syrek Karolina , Sulka Grzegorz Dariusz , Koch Norbert , Pinna Nicola
Published: August 2022

Here we introduce for the first time a synthesis method of a core–shell photoanode composed of nanostructured self-standing titania nanotubes filled with Au nanowires. Photoanode shows high photon to current efficiency of 35% and incredible stability.
A comprehensive picture of roughness evolution in organic crystalline growth: the role of molecular aspect ratio
Authors: Dull Jordan T. , Chen Xiangyu , Johnson Holly M. , Otani Maria Clara , Schreiber Frank , Clancy Paulette , Rand Barry P.
Published: August 2022

The molecular aspect ratio of organic small molecules is shown to impact the roughness evolution during crystal growth through complementary experimental and computational studies.
Dialkylamino and trialkylammonium groups in close proximity: intra- and intermolecular ways of formation, structural consequences, and properties. A case of metal-free directed ortho alkylation
Authors: Kolupaeva Ekaterina V. , Ozeryanskii Valery A.
Published: August 2022

All principal approaches to get to quaternised 1,8-bis(dialkylamino)naphthalenes along with their unusual properties are reported for the first time.
Characterization of chemical components and the potential anti-influenza mechanism of Fructus Arctii by a strategy integrating pharmacological evaluations, chemical profiling, serum pharmacochemistry, and network pharmacology
Authors: Li Min , Huang Zhong-Yu , Yuan Yu-Lin-Lan , Cui Shuang-Shuang , Li Hai-Jun , Zhang Feng-Xiang
Published: August 2022

The presence of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the functional basis for its therapy achievement, and the absorbed components under disease conditions mainly contribute to the therapeutic effects.
Regiospecific route to N9-alkylated thioxanthines
Authors: Savateev Konstantin V. , Fedotov Victor V. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Ulomsky Evgeniy N. , Rusinov Vladimir L.
Published: August 2022

A regiospecific route to N9-alkylated thioxanthines as novel acyclic nucleosides was developed.
Cu(i)-catalyzed cross-coupling of primary amines with 2,2′-dibromo-1,1′-biphenyl for the synthesis of polysubstituted carbazole
Authors: Niu Yan-Ning , Qiao Yan , Wang Ke-Yu , Sha Bai-Xue , Li Gao-Qiang
Published: August 2022

This protocol provides an efficient strategy for the synthesis of carbazole using cheaper copper catalysts with diamine ligand. A series of carbazole derivatives can be obtained in moderate yields.
Electric field tunability of the electronic properties and contact types in the MoS2/SiH heterostructure
Authors: Nguyen Son-Tung , Nguyen Chuong V. , Nguyen-Ba Kien , Le-Quoc Huy , Hieu Nguyen V. , Nguyen Cuong Q.
Published: August 2022

The generation of layered heterostructures with type-II band alignment is considered to be an effective tool for the design and fabrication of a highly efficient photocatalyst.
Mechanistic study of the bismuth mediated fluorination of arylboronic esters and further rational design
Authors: Cai Jiali , Zhi Minna , Hu Junyuan , Pu Tingting , Guo Kai , Zhao Lili
Published: August 2022

DFT calculations disclosed the catalytic mechanism of the bismuth redox catalyzed fluorination of arylboronic esters. In addition, more efficient catalysts with the framework of tethered bis-anionic ligands were rationally designed.
BF3·Et2O-Mediated annulation of α-keto acids with aliphatic ketones for the synthesis of γ-hydroxy-butenolides and γ-alkylidene-butenolides
Authors: Cheng Zhenfeng , Gu Qingyun , Xie Yushan , Zhang Yanan , Zeng Xiaobao
Published: August 2022

An efficient approach to divergently access γ-hydroxy-butenolides and γ-alkylidene-butenolides via annulation reaction of α-keto acids with simple aliphatic ketones is reported herein.
Electrochemical oxidative rearrangement of tetrahydro-β-carbolines in a zero-gap flow cell
Authors: Zheng Yiting , Cheung Yuen Tsz , Liang Lixin , Qiu Huiying , Zhang Lei , Tsang Anson , Chen Qing , Tong Rongbiao
Published: August 2022

A zero-gap flow cell was designed for the first electro-oxidative rearrangement of tetrahydro-β-carbolines to spirooxindoles with high yield, faradaic efficiency and productivity when LiBr was discovered as a bi-functional mediator and catalyst.
MoS2 nanosheet induced destructive alterations in the Escherichia coli bacterial membrane
Authors: Kumari Monika , Kashyap Hemant K.
Published: August 2022

The antibacterial activity of MoS2 nanosheets against Escherichia coli bacterial membrane via phospholipid extraction as well as by complete insertion and consequent localized phase transition.
Preparation of a novel regenerated silk fibroin-based hydrogel for extrusion bioprinting
Authors: Chen Ni , Zhang Xinbo , Lyu Jinyang , Zhao Guanglei , Gu Kai , Xia Jun , Chen Zhongchun , Shao Zhengzhong
Published: August 2022

A bio-printable hydrogel of regenerated silk fibroin with high-molecular-weight was prepared from its aqueous solution with the help of urea involvement, and the gelation process and properties of the hydrogel was investigated.
SPICES: Disclosure Practices to Help Caregivers Digest a Diagnosis of Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Tighe Jeanne M. , Namazi Mahchid
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Recent studies of the experiences of caregivers of children with language disorders have suggested that speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are not clearly and effectively providing caregivers with a comprehensible diagnostic term for their child's difficulties. Since the work of the CATALISE consortium, there has been a mounting consensus around the use of the term
developmental language disorder
(DLD) to identify primary, persistent language problems beginning in childhood. Thanks to the increasing unification of SLPs around the term
DLD
, the time is ripe to directly address clinical practices in delivering a diagnosis to caregivers in ways they can understand, retain, and use to build connection and drive advocacy efforts.

Conclusions:

In this tutorial, the authors review the SPIKES model, used by physicians to structure diagnostic disclosure conversations. Drawing upon research examining caregiver experiences of receiving a range of developmental diagnoses, we have adapted the SPIKES model to meet the needs of SLPs and their clients. The authors present the SPICES model for planning and executing sensitive and effective disclosure of a DLD diagnosis.
Performance analysis of cooperative cognitive radio networks based on hybrid NOMA/OMA and best relay selection
Authors: Li Suoping , Liang Wenwu , Xu Qianyu , Yang Nana , Jia Kejun
Published: August 2022

In non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, it may not be advisable to send the superimposed signal of all users to individual users with retransmission requirements during the retransmission phase. This paper investigates a novel cognitive radio network based on hybrid NOMA/orthogonal multiple access (CR‐H‐NOMA/OMA) in underlay spectrum sharing, whereby a hybrid NOMA/OMA cooperative mechanism is proposed for the secondary network by considering that the access modes of secondary users (SUs) and relays can be switched between NOMA and OMA. In order to compensate the loss of throughput caused by successive interference cancellation (SIC) during the cooperative phase, one or two relays with the best channel quality between themselves and the destination users are selected according to the states of the initial signal decoded by SUs, using truncated automatic repeat request (T‐ARQ) to retransmit only the desired signal of SU instead of the entire superimposed signal. Exact closed‐form expressions for outage probabilities of SUs and system throughput of the secondary network are derived under the interference constraint of the primary network to evaluate the performance of the proposed cooperative scheme. Numerical and simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed hybrid NOMA/OMA cooperative scheme when compared with conventional pure NOMA and pure OMA based on time division multiple access (TDMA) in terms of secondary throughput. Also, the outage and throughput performance depend critically on the choices of key paraments such as power allocation factor and target rate.
Model‐free distributed optimal control for continuous‐time linear systems
Authors: Feng Xinjun , Zhao Zhiyun
Published: August 2022

This paper studies the distributed optimal consensus problem for a group of continuous‐time linear systems in the scenario that the dynamics of linear systems are completely unknown. Both an optimal state feedback control law and an optimal output feedback control law are constructed by solving the Algebraic Riccati Equation (ARE) that contains no global information, which guarantees the consensus of linear systems and the global optimality. Adaptive Dynamic Programming (ADP) method is presented to solve the ARE, thus the control algorithms are not relying on the dynamics of linear systems any more. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of proposed approach.
Cyberattacks on connected automated vehicles: A traffic impact analysis
Authors: Sun Zhanbo , Liu Runzhe , Hu Haitao , Liu Dengyue , Yan Zhiqi
Published: August 2022

Cybersecurity has become one of the major challenges for Connected Automated Vehicles. Previous work in this field mostly focused on the detection of and defence against Connected Automated Vehicle‐related cyberattacks. Using performance measures collected from traffic micro‐simulations, the study analysed the traffic impacts of cyberattacks on Connected Automated Vehicles. Two types of adversary models, namely, time‐delay attacks and disturbance attacks, were applied to the simulated traffic on freeway segments and un‐signalised intersections, respectively. The effects of various cyberattacks were evaluated based on safety indicators, including Time‐To‐Collision, Deceleration Rate to Avoid Collision, and efficiency indicators, including speed and flow‐density diagrams. The results revealed that both attacks increase the risk and severity of collisions on freeway segments and un‐signalised intersections. Location‐based time‐delay attacks will result in significant deceleration, congestion and reduction in road throughput. Disturbance attacks not only cause congestion but also result in frequent acceleration/deceleration and uneven distribution of traffic density. The impacts of attacks are more severe on heavy traffic. At un‐signalised intersections, location‐based disturbance attacks lead to a significantly increased risk of right‐angled collisions. The results could help better understand the effects of Connected Automated Vehicle‐related cyberattacks and shed light on proactive defence against such attacks.
Diffuse non-thermal emission in the disks of the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Persic M. , Rephaeli Y.
Published: August 2022

Context. The Magellanic Clouds, two dwarf galaxy companions to the Milky Way, are among the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) brightest γ-ray sources.

Aims. We present comprehensive modeling of the non-thermal electromagnetic and neutrino emission in both Clouds.

Methods. We self-consistently model the radio and γ-ray spectral energy distribution from their disks based on recently published Murchison Widefield Array and Fermi/LAT data. All relevant radiative processes involving relativistic and thermal electrons (synchrotron, Compton scattering, and bremsstrahlung) and relativistic protons (neutral pion decay following interaction with thermal protons) are considered, using exact emission formulae.

Results. Joint spectral analyses indicate that radio emission in the Clouds has both primary and secondary electron synchrotron and thermal bremsstrahlung origin, whereas γ rays originate mostly from π0 decay with some contributions from relativistic bremsstrahlung and Comptonized starlight. The proton spectra in both galaxies are modeled as power laws in energy with similar spectral indices, ~2.4, and energy densities, ~1 eV cm−3. The predicted 0.1–10 GeV neutrino flux is too low for detection by current and upcoming experiments.

Conclusions. We confirm earlier suggestions of a largely hadronic origin of the γ-ray emission in both Magellanic Clouds.
Persistent nuclear burning in Nova Sgr 2016 N.4 (=V5856 Sgr = ASASSN-16ma) six years past its outburst
Authors: Munari U. , Masetti N. , Walter F. M. , Williams R. E. , Hambsch F.-J. , Frigo A. , Valisa P.
Published: August 2022

We report on the fast Nova Sgr 2016 N.4 being surprisingly trapped in a long-lasting and bright plateau (ΔI≥10 mag above quiescence) six years past the nova eruption. Very few other novae experience a similar occurrence. We carried out an intensive observing campaign collecting dailyBVRIphotometry and monthly high-resolution optical spectroscopy, and observed the nova in ultraviolet and X-rays withSwiftat five distinct epochs. The bolometric luminosity radiated during the plateau is ∼4200L⊙(scaled to the distance of the Galactic Bulge), corresponding to stable nuclear burning on a 0.6M⊙white dwarf. A stable wind is blown off at full width at zero intensity (FWZI) ∼ 1600 km s−1, with episodic reinforcement of a faster FWZI ∼ 3400 km s−1mass loss, probably oriented along the polar directions. The collision of these winds could power the emission detected in X-rays. The burning shell has an outer radius of ∼25R⊙at which the effective temperature is ∼7600 K, values similar to those of a F0 II/Ib bright giant. The Δm < 1 mag variability displayed during the plateau is best described as chaotic, with the irregular appearance of quasi-periodic oscillations with a periodicity of 15–17 days. A limited amount of dust (≈3 × 10−11M⊙) continuously condenses atTdust ∼ 1200 K in the outflowing wind, radiatingLdust ∼ 52L⊙.
An inventory model with uncertain demand under preservation strategy for deteriorating items
Authors: Mahapatra Amalendu Singha , Dasgupta Arup , Shaw Ashok Kumar , Sarkar Biswajit
Published: August 2022

The capacity of a firm to accomplish its goals is financially compromised by degeneration of goods. A suitable preservation strategy to reduce degradation is a vital part of the managerial decisions. This study employs preservation technologies under uncertain demand to frame a continuous review inventory model with full back-ordering and the influence of promotional efforts. Survey of existing research finds few models with synchronised optimization over this entire scenario with all factors.The best values of the preservation cost and the two fractions of the cycle period when inventory is kept against the backorder part are determined to lower the total average cost. A mathematical model is built to incorporate these elements and numerical scenarios are presented to compare three possible approaches. In both crisp and fuzzy contexts, the sensitivity of the solution and decision variables concerning various inventory characteristics is investigated. Backorder duration is inversely proportional to the presence of preservation. The coefficient of preservation has a tipping point below which accepting the impact of undamped deterioration becomes more cost-effective. The total cost at the optimal point is more elastic to a reduction in base deterioration rate and relatively inelastic to its increase. Finally, this study proves that the preservation strategy converges over deterioration for the crisp case rather than the fuzzy case. It is expected the fuzzy case can provide better results, however, the crisp case provides lower total cost than the fuzzy case though it is slightly less efficient in per unit cost.
Osteoporose: Bewegung und frühe Diagnose entscheiden
Authors: Krapf Peter
Published: August 2022

Osteoporose wird oft erst erkannt, wenn Knochenbrüche auftreten. Das verdeutlicht die Bedeutung der Knochengesundheit, auch präventiv. Beispielsweise eine kräftige Muskulatur stärkt die Knochen. Eine frühe Diagnose ist zudem wichtig. Diese erfolgt meist über eine Knochendichtemessung.
Prüfungsthema: Gendermedizin
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: August 2022

In diesem HPA-Prüfungstrainer beschäftigen sich alle Fragen mit Gendermedizin.
Was wissen Sie über … Gendermedizin?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: August 2022

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Wissensquiz-Fragen mit Gendermedizin.
Venus und Mars vereint
Authors: Houben Martina
Published: August 2022

Obwohl es Heilpflanzen gibt, die sich in ihrem Wesen eher weiblichen oder männlichen Prinzipien zuordnen lassen, findet man bei den meisten ein Mischverhältnis beider Kräfte. Die Qualitäten lassen sich über die Signaturenlehre, die Sieben-Planeten-Lehre und die Tria Principia erschließen. Es gibt auch Pflanzen, die je nach Dosierung und Zubereitungsart eher männlich oder weiblich assoziierte Heilungsqualitäten aktivieren.
Trans*affirmative Arbeit mit Menschen
Authors: Teren Kirsten
Published: August 2022

Trans*geschlechtliche Personen identifizieren sich in ihrem Erleben beziehungsweise ihrer Geschlechtsidentität entweder nicht, zum Teil nicht oder nicht immer mit dem bei der Geburt zugewiesenen Geschlecht. Trans*geschlechtliche Personen sind mit Herausforderungen und Erwartungen hinsichtlich ihrer geschlechtlichen Identität konfrontiert, die mit einem hohen Ausmaß an Diskriminierungen einhergehen. In der Beziehungsgestaltung mit trans*geschlechtlichen Personen ist hilfreich, ihre Erfahrungen und die daraus resultierenden Reaktionen ernst zu nehmen und zu würdigen im Sinne eines kontextsensiblen Verständnisses. Hierfür gibt der Beitrag praxisnahe Anregungen.
Warum gibt es keine Frauen-Dosierungen?
Authors: Lang Eva
Published: August 2022

Frauen und Männer entwickeln Krankheiten wie Krebs, Herzinfarkt oder Diabetes mellitus in unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit und Ausprägung und reagieren ebenso unterschiedlich auf Arzneimittel. Bis heute dient der Mann mittlerer Statur und mittleren Alters als Patienten-Prototyp in der Arzneimittelforschung, weshalb Frauen trotz stark abweichender Pharmakokinetik (zum Beispiel bei Antidepressiva, Opiaten, Herzglykosiden, Betablockern und Antibiotika) fast immer dieselben Medikamente und Dosierungen erhalten wie Männer – mit zum Teil schweren Nebenwirkungen als Folge. Eine Umstellung auf eine geschlechtsspezifische Krankheits- und Arzneimittelforschung und ihre Umsetzung in Form ebenso spezifischer Diagnose-, Dosierungs- und Behandlungskonzepte ist dringend erforderlich.
In-Vitro Growth Kinetics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cytotoxicity Tests Using Low-Diluted Viscum Album
Authors: Valle Ana Catarina Viana , Brunel Hilana dos Santos Sena , Dallago Bruno Stéfano Lima , Rodrigues Lucas Santana , Malard Patrícia Furtado , da Costa Rosiane Andrade , Rossetto Rafael , de Andrade Rosângela Vieira
Published: August 2022

Introduction The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in cytotoxicity tests is an in-vitro alternative model for predicting initial doses. Homeopathic medicines may stimulate the immune system to combat a pathology effectively and have been used for over two centuries. Viscum album (VA) extracts are widely used in the treatment of cancer, due to their immunomodulatory, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic properties.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro growth kinetics of canine MSC in relation to cytotoxicity, cell differentiation and expression of pluripotentiality markers, using a VA preparation at the D1D2 (1×10−1, 1×10−2 potency (VAD1D2).

Methods MSC were obtained from adipose tissue sampled from a healthy dog that was undergoing an elective veterinary procedure and with its owner's permission. The experiments were performed in three groups: MSC treated with VAD1D2 or diluent or untreated (control). The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. The differentiation was induced in three lineages, and apoptotic cell labeling was performed by an Annexin-V test.

Results At the concentration of 10 μL/mL of VA, the number of cells after in-vitro culture was maintained when compared with the control (untreated) group. A significant and gradual decrease in cell viability was recorded as VA concentrations increased. The apoptosis analysis showed that VA at 20 μL/mL presented absolute percentages of initial apoptosis twice as high as at 10 μL/mL, which was similar to the control (untreated group).

Conclusion The results suggest that the use of efficient methods to assess the in-vitro cytotoxicity of VA-based homeopathic medicines using MSC lineages may predict the potential action at different concentrations. These findings demonstrated that VAD1D2 interferes with canine MSC growth kinetics.
The Cost Utility of Virtual Surgical Planning and Computer-Assisted Design/Computer-Assisted Manufacturing in Mandible Reconstruction Using the Free Fibula Osteocutaneous Flap
Authors: Kurlander David E. , Garvey Patrick B. , Largo Rene D. , Yu Peirong , Chang Edward I. , Hanasono Matthew M. , Mericli Alexander F.
Published: August 2022

Background The use of virtual surgical planning and computer-assisted design and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has become widespread for mandible reconstruction with the free fibula flap. However, the cost utility of this technology remains unknown.

Methods The authors used a decision tree model to evaluate the cost utility, from the perspective of a hospital or insurer, of mandible reconstruction using CAD/CAM relative to the conventional (non-CAD/CAM) technique for the free fibula flap. Health state probabilities were obtained from a published meta-analysis. Costs were estimated using 2018 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data. Overall expected cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were assessed using a Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analyses. Cost effectiveness was defined as an incremental cost utility ratio (ICUR) less than the empirically accepted willingness-to-pay value of $50,000 per QALY.

Results Although CAD/CAM reconstruction had a higher expected cost compared with the conventional technique ($36,487 vs. $26,086), the expected QALYs were higher (17.25 vs. 16.93), resulting in an ICUR = $32,503/QALY; therefore, the use of CAD/CAM in free fibula flap mandible reconstruction was cost-effective relative to conventional technique. Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis confirmed CAD/CAM's superior cost utility, demonstrating that it was the preferred and more cost-effective option in the majority of simulations. Sensitivity analyses also illustrated that CAD/CAM remains cost effective at an amount less than $42,903 or flap loss rate less than 4.5%.

Conclusion This cost utility analysis suggests that mandible reconstruction with the free fibula osteocutaneous flap using CAD/CAM is more cost effective than the conventional technique.
Outcomes of Autologous Free Flap Reconstruction Following Infected Device Explantation
Authors: Mitchell David , Asaad Malke , Slovacek Cedar , Selber Jesse C. , Clemens Mark W. , Chu Carrie K. , Mericli Alexander F. , Largo Rene D. , Butler Charles E.
Published: August 2022

Background Following implant-based breast reconstruction (IBR) infection and explantation, autologous reconstruction is a common option for patients who desire further reconstruction. However, few data exist about the outcomes of secondary autologous reconstruction (i.e., free flap breast reconstruction) in this population. We hypothesized that autologous reconstruction following infected device explantation is safe and has comparable surgical outcomes to delayed-immediate reconstruction.

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent IBR explantation due to infection from 2006 through 2019, followed by secondary autologous reconstruction. The control cohort comprised patients who underwent planned primary delayed-immediate reconstruction (tissue expander followed by autologous flap) in 2018.

Results We identified 38 secondary autologous reconstructions after failed primary IBR and 52 primary delayed-immediate reconstructions. Between secondary autologous and delayed-immediate reconstructions, there were no significant differences in overall complications (29 and 37%, respectively, p = 0.45), any breast-related complications (18 and 21%, respectively, p = 0.75), or any major breast-related complications (13 and10%, respectively, p = 0.74). Two flap losses were identified in the secondary autologous reconstruction group while no flap losses were reported in the delayed-immediate reconstruction group (p = 0.18).

Conclusion Autologous reconstruction is a reasonable and safe option for patients who require explantation of an infected prosthetic device. Failure of primary IBR did not confer significantly higher risk of complications after secondary autologous flap reconstruction compared with primary delayed-immediate reconstruction. This information can help plastic surgeons with shared decision-making and counseling for patients who desire reconstruction after infected device removal.
A flexible tactile sensor based on piezoresistive thin film for 3D force detection
Authors: Liu Yan , Han Haijun , Mo Yuming , Wang Xiaolong , Li Huafeng , Zhang Jin
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a flexible tactile sensor with a compact structure based on a piezoresistive thin film and an elastomer for detecting three-dimensional (3D) force. The film contains four independent sensing cells, which were made using a type of piezoresistive ink and a specific pectinate conductive circuit pattern based on the flexible substrate to decrease the coupling effect. The elastomer with a spherical surface is bonded to the surface of the film and transfers the force to the sensing array. A model of 3D force detection based on the proposed sensor was established, and a prototype was designed and developed. Static and dynamic experiments were carried out, and the results show that the range of the prototype is 0–50 N in the z-axis and 0–6 N in the x-axis and y-axis, which with good static and dynamic performance, especially a low coupling effect, validates the mechanism of the proposed sensor and indicates that it has good potential application in robotic grasping.
Dependent random variables in quantum dynamics
Authors: Rademacher Simone
Published: August 2022

We consider the many-body time evolution of weakly interacting bosons in the mean field regime for initial coherent states. We show that bounded k-particle operators, corresponding to dependent random variables, satisfy both a law of large numbers and a central limit theorem.
Algebras of variable coefficient quantized differential operators
Authors: Jakobsen Hans Plesner
Published: August 2022

In the framework of (vector valued) quantized holomorphic functions defined on non-commutative spaces, “quantized Hermitian symmetric spaces,” an obvious problem is to describe (quantum) holomorphically induced representations in terms of some manageable structures. An intimately related problem is to decide what the algebras of quantized differential operators with variable coefficients should be. It is an immediate point that even zeroth order operators, given as multiplications by polynomials, have to be specified as, e.g., left or right multiplication operators since the polynomial algebras are replaced by quadratic, non-commutative algebras. In the settings we are interested in, there are bilinear pairings that allow us to define differential operators as duals of multiplication operators. Indeed, there are different choices of pairings which lead to quite different results. We consider three different pairings while specializing to Uq(su(n,n)). The pairings are between quantized generalized Verma modules and quantized holomorphically induced modules. It is a natural demand that the corresponding representations can be expressed by (matrix valued) differential operators. We show that a quantum Weyl algebra Weylq(n,n) introduced by Hayashi [Commun. Math. Phys. 127(1), 129–144 (1990)] plays a fundamental role. In fact, for one pairing, the algebra of differential operators, though inherently depending on a choice of basis, is precisely matrices over Weylq(n,n). We determine explicitly the form of the (quantum) holomorphically induced representations and determine, for the different pairings, if they can be expressed by differential operators.
Plasmonically enhanced two-photon absorption induced photoacoustic microscopy with laser-synthesized TiN nanoparticles
Authors: Das Avishek , Pereira Arthur C. M. V. , Popov Anton A. , Pastukhov Andrei , Klimentov Sergei M. , Kabashin Andrei V. , Gomes Anderson S. L.
Published: August 2022

Combining photonic excitation and acoustic detection, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) presents one of the most promising noninvasive biomedical diagnostic modalities, but this technique still lacks efficient nano-sized contrast agents absorbing light in the region of relative tissue transparency (630–900 nm). Here, we explore the use of titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated by methods of pulsed laser ablation in liquids as a contrast agent in PAI. When prepared in acetone, the NPs are spherical, have an average size of 25 nm, and exhibit a broad plasmonic absorption peak around 700 nm. We show that solutions of these NPs render possible a strong nonlinear photoacoustic response and the generation of photoacoustic images with 67 μm resolution within the biological transparency window. The observed effect is explained by a plasmonically enhanced two-photon absorption process in TiN NPs. Combined with earlier demonstrated capability of generating photothermal therapeutic effect, relative chemical purity, and excellent biocompatibility, laser-synthesized TiN NPs promise attractive applications in biomedical theranostics involving imaging modalities based on photoacoustics microscopy or tomography.
Overcoming contrast reversals in focused probe ptychography of thick materials: An optimal pipeline for efficiently determining local atomic structure in materials science
Authors: Gao C. , Hofer C. , Jannis D. , Béché A. , Verbeeck J. , Pennycook T. J.
Published: August 2022

Ptychography provides highly efficient imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), but questions have remained over its applicability to strongly scattering samples such as those most commonly seen in materials science. Although contrast reversals can appear in ptychographic phase images as the projected potentials of the sample increase, we show here how these can be easily overcome by a small amount of defocus. The amount of defocus is small enough that it not only can exist naturally when focusing using the annular dark field (ADF) signal but can also be adjusted post acquisition. The ptychographic images of strongly scattering materials are clearer at finite doses than other STEM techniques and can better reveal light atomic columns within heavy lattices. In addition, data for ptychography can now be collected simultaneously with the fastest of ADF scans. This combination of sensitivity and interpretability presents an ideal workflow for materials science.
Analysis of inter-transaction time fluctuations in the cryptocurrency market
Authors: Kwapień Jarosław , Wątorek Marcin , Bezbradica Marija , Crane Martin , Tan Mai Tai , Drożdż Stanisław
Published: August 2022

We analyze tick-by-tick data representing major cryptocurrencies traded on some different cryptocurrency trading platforms. We focus on such quantities like the inter-transaction times, the number of transactions in time unit, the traded volume, and volatility. We show that the inter-transaction times show long-range power-law autocorrelations. These lead to multifractality expressed by the right-side asymmetry of the singularity spectra f(α) indicating that the periods of increased market activity are characterized by richer multifractality compared to the periods of quiet market. We also show that neither the stretched exponential distribution nor the power-law-tail distribution is able to model universally the cumulative distribution functions of the quantities considered in this work. For each quantity, some data sets can be modeled by the former and some data sets by the latter, while both fail in other cases. An interesting, yet difficult to account for, observation is that parallel data sets from different trading platforms can show disparate statistical properties.
High-density polarization-induced 2D electron gases in N-polar pseudomorphic undoped GaN/Al0.85Ga0.15N heterostructures on single-crystal AlN substrates
Authors: Zhang Zexuan , Encomendero Jimy , Kim Eungkyun , Singhal Jashan , Cho YongJin , Nomoto Kazuki , Toita Masato , Xing Huili Grace , Jena Debdeep
Published: August 2022

The polarization difference and band offset between Al(Ga)N and GaN induce two-dimensional (2D) free carriers in Al(Ga)N/GaN heterojunctions without any chemical doping. A high-density 2D electron gas (2DEG), analogous to the recently discovered 2D hole gas in a metal-polar structure, is predicted in a N-polar pseudomorphic GaN/Al(Ga)N heterostructure on unstrained AlN. We report the observation of such 2DEGs in N-polar undoped pseudomorphic GaN/AlGaN heterostructures on single-crystal AlN substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. With a high electron density of ∼4.3 ×1013/cm2 that maintains down to cryogenic temperatures and a room temperature electron mobility of ∼450 cm2/V s, a sheet resistance as low as ∼320 Ω/◻ is achieved in a structure with an 8 nm GaN layer. These results indicate significant potential of AlN platform for future high-power RF electronics based on N-polar III-nitride high electron mobility transistors.
A case-study of wildland fire management knowledge exchange: the barriers and facilitators in the development and integration of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System in Ontario, Canada
Authors: McFayden Colin B. , George Colleen , Johnston Lynn M. , Wotton Mike , Johnston Daniel , Sloane Meghan , Johnston Joshua M.
Published: August 2022

Background Among the most successful examples of Knowledge Exchange (KE) between researchers and practitioners in Canadian wildland fire management is the development and integration of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) into operational use. Aims Our aim was to identify key factors for this success. Methods Through a case study, we investigated historical KE of two CFFDRS components in Ontario, Canada. We held semi-structured interviews with principal Canadian Forest Service researchers and Ontario fire management practitioners active in development and implementation of CFFDRS from the late 1960s to 2010s. Key results The importance of both formal and informal facilitators to support KE was emphasised. Conclusion Participants were most likely to associate successful implementation with informal facilitators such as personal relationships, shared field-based experiences, and opportunities for dialogue between researchers and practitioners. Critical to success were the credibility and soft skills of the knowledge brokers, early engagement, and consideration of training needs for end users in the design of products. Implications This identification of factors that facilitated or hindered the development and implementation of CFFDRS can enhance the impact of research that will help wildland fire management deal with its present and future challenges.
The Interuniversity Test of Academic English (ITACE)
Authors: van Splunder Frank , Verguts Catherine , De Moor Tom , De Paepe Sarah
Published: August 2022

In Flemish higher education, lecturers teaching in a language other than their mother tongue need official proof
of their C1 level in that language. As a result, Flemish universities developed the ITACE (Interuniversity Test of Academic
English), a domain-specific and purpose-built language test linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
(CEFR) and validated by an independent audit commission. Yet, the introduction of a mandatory language test was heavily contested
in Flemish academia and in the media. In addition, the ITACE was perceived as a political tool of the government to enforce its
language policy. Almost ten years after its introduction, the ITACE now appears to be widely accepted. The introduction of the
test revealed that initial scepticism can be overcome through development, proper contextualization, and use of a high-quality,
target-specific instrument. The article discusses the context in which the test was created, the construction of the test
(addressing issues of reliability and validity), and the implications of the test, including its pedagogical and societal
relevance.
Cobalt-Dimer Nitrides: A Potential Novel Family of High-Temperature Superconductors
Authors: Gu Yuhao , Jiang Kun , Wu Xianxin , Hu Jiangping
Published: August 2022

We predict that the square lattice layer formed by [Co2N2]2– diamond-like units can host high-temperature superconductivity. The layer appears in the stable ternary cobalt nitride, BaCo2N2. The electronic physics of the material stems from Co2N2 layers where the dimerized Co pairs form a square lattice. The low energy physics near Fermi energy can be described by an effective two-orbital model. Without considering interlayer couplings, the two orbitals are effectively decoupled. This electronic structure satisfies the “gene” character proposed for unconventional high-temperature superconductors. We predict that the leading superconducting pairing instability is driven from an extended s-wave (s
±) to a d-wave by hole doping, e.g., in Ba1−x
K
x
Co2N2. This study provides a new platform to establish the superconducting mechanism of unconventional high-temperature superconductivity.
Photoinduced electric effects in various plasmonic materials
Authors: Keene David , Fortuno Paula , Natalia Noginova , Maxim Durach
Published: August 2022

Photoinduced voltages associated with surface plasmon polariton excitations are studied both theoretically and experimentally in various plasmonic systems as the function of material, wavelength, and type of structure. Experimental photovoltage normalized to the absorbed power shows a general decrease upon an increase in the wavelength, enhancement in the nanostructured samples, and a strong variation in the magnitude as a function of the material, which are not in line with the theoretical predictions of the simple plasmonic pressure approach. The results can be used for clarification of the mechanisms and further development of an adequate theoretical approach to the plasmon drag effect.
Effects of growth temperature, oxygen pressure, laser fluence and postannealing on transport properties of superconducting LaAlO3/KTaO3(111) interfaces
Authors: Sun Yanqiu , Liu Yuan , Pan Wenze , Xie Yanwu
Published: August 2022

The recent discovery of superconductivity at EuO (or LaAlO3)/KTaO3 interfaces has attracted considerable research interest. However, an extensive study on growth of these interfaces is still lacking. In this work, we have fabricated LaAlO3/KTaO3(111) interfaces by growing LaAlO3 thin films on KTaO3(111) single-crystalline substrates by pulsed laser deposition. We investigated the effects of growth temperature, oxygen pressure, laser fluence, and postannealing on transport properties. We found that all these key growth parameters show important effects on transport properties, and discussed their possible mechanisms. Our present study provides useful knowledge to further optimize these interfaces.
Emissivity-free radiation thermometry for high-temperature metals using the dual-wavelength reflectance-ratio method
Authors: Kobatake Hidekazu , Kurokawa Yuma , Iwabuchi Masaya , Adachi Masayoshi , Ohtsuka Makoto , Fukuyama Hiroyuki , Sasajima Naohiko , Yamaguchi Yu , Yamada Yoshiro
Published: August 2022

This article describes a preliminary study verifying the applicability of the dual-wavelength reflectance-ratio (DWR) method to emissivity-free radiation thermometry for electromagnetically levitated high-temperature liquid metals. To establish the measurement technique, the DWR method was applied to inductively heated solid spherical Cu and Ni samples. Regardless of the differences in the sample emissivity values, the temperature determined using the DWR method agreed within 20 K with the temperature determined using a thermocouple. It was found that the temperatures of metallic samples having different emissivity values can be determined with a standard uncertainty of 8 K in terms of the absolute temperature when applying the DWR method, even if the sample has curvature and is exposed to high temperatures of up to 1250 K.
Leak localization of water supply network based on temporal convolutional network
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yang Xiaoping , Li Juan
Published: August 2022

In recent years, the urban water supply network system has faced severe challenges. The aging, corrosion, and manmade damage to pipelines waste a lot of water resources and cause harm to human beings. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for locating leak locations in a water supply network using temporal convolutional networks. First, a continuous sequence of pressure signals is input into the proposed network model. Then, we map it to two parallel outputs by the network model. In the first output, leak detection is performed as a multi-label classification task. In the second output, the location of the leak is determined using a regression algorithm. This paper tests the proposed network framework on benchmark networks. The results show that the network framework can obtain accurate leak locations and outperform the commonly used network frameworks.
Modulating the mass sensitivity of graphene resonators via kirigami
Authors: Zhu Pengcheng , Zhang Hao , Zhang Xingbin , Cao Wei , Wang Quan
Published: August 2022

The unique mechanical properties of graphene make it an excellent candidate for resonators. We have used molecule dynamic to simulate the resonance process of graphene. The kirigami approach was introduced to improve the mass sensitivity of graphene sheets. Three geometric parameters governing the resonant frequency and mass sensitivity of Kirigami graphene NEMS were defined. The simulation results show that the closer the kirigami defect is to the center of the drum graphene, the higher the mass sensitivity of the graphene. The kirigami graphene shows up to about 2.2 times higher mass sensitivity compared to pristine graphene. Simultaneously, the kirigami graphene has a higher out-of-plane amplitude and easy access to nonlinear vibrations, leading to higher mass sensitivity. Besides, the kirigami structure can restrict the diffusion of gold atoms on graphene under high initial velocity or large tension condition. It is evident that a reasonable defect design can improve the sensitivity and stability of graphene for adsorption mass.