bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage identification of bridge structure based on frequency domain decomposition and strain mode
Authors: Wu Jiaquan , Li Hongyan , Ye Fei , Ma Kun
Published: December 2019

Because it is difficult to determine the degree and location of damage to bridge structures under environmental excitation, a new method combining frequency domain decomposition and strain mode identification for bridge structure damage assessment is proposed and the related identification principle is derived. General variations in the strain mode parameters of different reinforced concrete beam damage states are accordingly studied under ambient excitation. The results show that the proposed strain mode identification method based on frequency domain decomposition has good anti-noise performance and can identify the strain mode parameters of a structure relying solely on the strain response information of the structure, even under strong background noise. The mutation of the strain mode was effectively used to determine the damage condition of reinforced concrete beams, and the adaptability, feasibility, and reliability of the proposed method for modal parameter and damage identification of reinforced concrete beams under environmental excitation were verified.
Influence of ultrasonic vibration on discrete media filled tubes during forward extrusion
Authors: Chen Xia , Wen Tong , Tang Haoxing
Published: December 2019

The coupled deformation of composite structures of discrete media filled thin-walled tubes under the action of forces is a complicate mechanical process, especially when it is superimposed with external vibration. A Jenike shear cell connected with an ultrasonic exciting system was used to test the friction angles of the aggregations of ferric powder and steel ball under quasi-static and high frequency vibration conditions; then forward extrusion of Al6061 tubes filled with these discrete materials under different conditions were examined by experiment and numerical simulation. The results showed that the friction angles of both the discrete materials decreased under vibration, and those of the powders were reduced more, indicating that the “surface effect” of vibration on the particles with smaller granularity is more obvious. Under the combining action of “volume” and “surface” effects of vibration, the extrusion loads of the structures significantly decrease with the superposition of vibration, meanwhile the loads of the tubes filled with powders reduced more. With the imposed vibration, the density of fillers after forming are higher and the tube wall thickness distribution is more uniform.
Randomness complexity as a family feature of rolling bearings’ degradation
Authors: Li Yaolong , Li Hongru , Wang Bing , Yu He
Published: December 2019

Randomness complexity is a kind of features which is widely used to describe bearings’ degradation. However, different randomness complexities present different properties. It is necessary to figure out different randomness complexities’ properties. In this paper, we are going to make comparisons of seven commonly used randomness complexities namely approximate entropy, sample entropy, fuzzy entropy, Shannon entropy, permutation entropy, Lempel-Ziv complexity and C0 complexity by simulation signals with three different aspects and two run-to-failure bearing’s data. By comparisons, we have found that there are a kind of similarity between them and we have proposed a trend similarity index to expound this similarity. Based on the comparisons, we can infer that randomness complexities are a family feature of rolling bearings’ degradation. Among the seven discussed complexities, sample entropy has the best performance, and it can be a good representative of the complexity features. In this paper, the difference between complexity features and other features when monitoring bearings’ degradation have been discussed. The research will provide a reference for rolling bearings’ multi-features dimensionality reduction by attribute selection method.
Dynamical processes in a multi-motor gear drive of heavy slabbing mill
Authors: Krot Pavlo V.
Published: December 2019

A real case study is represented of abrupt failures in a new multi-motor gear drive of vertical rolls in the heavy slabbing mill. Modal analysis is conducted, and the lowest torsional vibration modes are verified by the data from an industrial plant. Conditions of parametric resonances due to variable stiffness of teeth are determined within the range of working speed. The branched gear drive is investigated by the non-linear dynamical model with backlashes. It is shown that instantaneous dynamic loads in driveline are strongly dependent on the difference in gap sizes and phase shift between two intermediate gears in the output gear wheel coupling. Deviation in electrical parameters by 0.5 % is considered as the additional cause of not equal load sharing of parallel motors. Results of this research allowed preventing further failures of the gearbox and optimizing slabbing mill control. The proposed approach can be used in other multi-motor machines.
Whip velocity of backward whirl with slip in multiple-degree-of-freedom rotor-stator system
Authors: Nikiforov A.
Published: December 2019

A mathematic model of flexible rotor for the backward rolling with slipping on compliant stator and an exception concept for the contact forces are suggested. Dynamic characteristics for the rotor whirling are determined by the matrix methods. The whirl velocity can be calculated accurately, not only in case of a clear rolling when it is determined by the rotary velocity and a ratio of rotor radius at the contact place to radial clearance, but also in case of the backward slipping. It is shown for the second or whip case, the whip velocity is defined by some eigenfrequency of the supported rotor by the stator as well as by coefficients of the structural and contact friction. And in fact, the friction sets the whip frequency, and the i-th eigenmode of contactless system sets the whip amplitude (rotor deflections outside the contact place).
Nonlinear free vibration analysis of levy plates using weak-form variational principle in polynomial displacement functions
Authors: Onodagu P. D. , Okonkwo V. O. , Aginam C. H.
Published: December 2019

This paper evaluates nonlinear free vibrations of Levy plates using Weak-Form variational principle in algebraic polynomial displacement functions. The energy functional of the plate problem was formulated using Weak-Form variational technique on the integral function of the Von Karman thin plate differential equations. The displacement functions were developed based on static deflection configurations of orthogonal beam network. The process of repeated direct integration on compatibility equation was used to determine the algebraic expressions for stress function. The amplitude of deflection which directly influences the geometric nonlinearity of the plate was determined using integration process on energy functional based on static equilibrium equations. The modal combination method was used to develop the stiffness and mass matrices respectively from the expressions of energy functional based on dynamic equilibrium equations. The numerical values of amplitudes of deflection at various aspect ratios were computed. Also, the first four nonlinear natural frequencies at various aspect ratios were numerically computed. The validation of the present study’s results using the results from previous work found in literature shows satisfactory convergence, with an absolute mean error of 0.186 %. Conclusively, the application of Weak-Form variational principle in polynomial displacement functions provides satisfactory approximation to nonlinear dynamic analysis of Levy plates.
Physicians’ Occupational Stress: Factors and Teaching Adaptability at Medical Schools
Authors: Pogodayeva M. V. , Chepurko Yu. V. , Molokova O. A.
Published: December 2019

In medicine, extreme conditions and occupational stress are caused by a high level of responsibility, constant tension, heavy workload, complex relationships with patients and colleagues, etc. Therefore, it is important to preserve the physical and mental health of medical workers in order to increase their adaptability and resistance to extreme factors and everyday stress. To improve the quality of health care, it is important not only to establish stress factors, but also to increase adaptability and stress resistance. The research objective was to outline possibilities for increasing adaptability in medical students based on the analysis of factors of professional stress in medical practitioners. Stress factors include time restrictions, gap between salary and labor effort, physical exhaustion, emotionally unbalanced patients, night shifts, high work rates, high level of responsibility for the life and health of other people, inability to think about anything else but work, and high demands that patients place on medical workers. The study revealed dependence between adaptability and stress tolerance in medical doctors. Age and work experience did not correlate with the level of organizational stress and adaptability. The profile of medical activity and position was found to affect these indicators to a greater extent than age. Specific stressors appeared at any age and career stage, but some practitioners were more vulnerable. 90 % of medical students already demonstrated a high level of organizational stress. Thus, although most of the stressors are unavoidable, it is still possible to outline some ways to increase the stress resistance and adaptability in medical students by developing their professional competencies.
Aggressive Behavior and Unstable Mental States in Car Drivers
Authors: Chetverikova A. I. , Yermolaev V. V. , Voroncova J. , Butovskaya E. V.
Published: December 2019

The present paper focuses on the connection between aggressive behavior and unstable mental states in car drivers. The hypothesis was that aggressive behavior of drivers is caused by an unstable mental state. The experiment featured 27 car drivers involved in road traffic accidents and 33 drivers without an accident history over the past two years. Their age was 18–57 years, driving experience – 2–38 years, average annual mileage – 20,000–50,000 kilometers. The following blank and instrumental methods were used as diagnostic tools: Hand-test, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Dula Dangerous Driving Index, Driving Anger Expression Inventory, and a hardware-software complex for testing drivers UPDK-MK Avtomobilny-M. According to the results, the drivers with a bad driving history demonstrated serious unstable mental states, as well as statistically significant connection between aggressive behavior and negative unstable mental states.
Social Attitudes to Public Prosecution: Theory and Practice
Authors: Shabarov D. V. , Gubin V. A. , Mayorov V. A.
Published: December 2019

The research featured the approaches to the study of social attitudes to public prosecution. The results were used as the theoretical basis for the development and testing of the complex of diagnostic measures "Representation of Public Prosecution". The complex consisted of projective techniques aimed at identifying social attitudes to public prosecution. The proposed complex is an integral part of the Comprehensive Program for the Training of Newly Hired Prosecutors of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. The program was developed on the basis of the St. Petersburg Prosecutor's Office by V. A. Gubin and D. V. Shabarov in 2019. It identifies interests and predisposition to various types of prosecutorial activities. The program makes it possible to create an individual vocational and educational route in the framework of training newly hired prosecutors. It also determines the professional orientation and social settings of the new employees, their system of ideas about the environment of prosecutorial activities, their self-esteem and ability to perform this activity, the degree of professional value orientations, and interest in professional activity. The methods may be useful for district prosecutors that mentor young specialists in various institutions and form an individual training plan. In addition, the presented methods can be of some help to those employees of bodies and institutions of the prosecutor's office who decided to change the type of supervisory activity. The article describes an analysis of one of the methods of the Complex, namely the Projective methodology "20 definitions of the concept of "prosecutor's office". It was developed and successfully tested in practice by V. A. Gubin and D. V. Shabarov in 2019. The methodology identifies the cognitive component of social representations of prosecutorial activity.
Language Attitude among the Displaced People in the Kurdistan Region
Authors: Ameen R. M.
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on the language attitudes of the displaced people who fled to the Kurdistan region of Iraq due to having the daily threats on their life by the terrorist groups since 2003. These people are mostly from Arabic nation and came from the different parts of the country, the language of analysis and the chosen social group contributing to the novelty of the research. The research aims at exploring the level of attitudes and the factors which affected the motivation of these people either towards their ethnic languages or Kurdish (the language of the majority in the region). It is shown that the majority of the displaced people in the region still have a positive attitude towards their ethnic language, are proud of it while having quite normal attitudes towards Kurdish, and believe that it is necessary for communication with other constituents, for getting jobs and conducting business and in order to spread social and cultural values of the Kurdish society. Here can be seen that the migrated people, who had about a hundred year history of ethnic problems with the Kurds of Iraq, nowadays have a normal attitudes towards Kurdish language.
Linguaconflictological Research of Internet Appeal
Authors: Kishina E. V. , Safiulina E. Yu.
Published: December 2019

The present research features the genre of internet appeal as a dialogic conflict process. The paper focuses on the internet appeal as an element of conflict communication and a form of open dialogue between the state and society. The linguaconflictological approach was determined by communication strategies and intentional attitudes of the sender and recipient of the internet appeal. The authors proved that the internet appeal is a special sub-genre of the complaint and explained how conflict manifests itself in this genre. The analysis of strategies and tactics revealed conceptual ideas of internet users who applied for help to officials institutions. The empirical basis of research was obtained from the internet page of the Governor of Kemerovo region. The analysis showed the effect of various factors on speech strategies and tactics and revealed communicative intentions. The internet appeal is characterized by a set of specific strategies and tactics of conflict communication, determined by the gap between the intentional attitudes of the sender and the recipient.
Military Concepts in the Russian Linguistic World Image (as in the case of " Warrior" Concept)
Authors: Pimenova M. V. , Bodrikov A. B.
Published: December 2019

The article features the cognitive signs of the warrior concept. The main representation of the concept is stylistically marked. The word warrior is often used in elevated style. In Russian culture, the army has always been a special estate that protects the people and the Russian lands. The concept warrior proved to have some structural peculiarities. It includes seven motivating signs in the structure of the concept: (battle) cry, army, conquest, hunting, desire / aspiration, target, dedication. Only four of them transformed with time and moved into the category of conceptual signs: army → warrior / defender / one who is fighting; desire / aspiration + goal + dedication → purposeful (person). The second group of the structure is formed by twenty conceptual signs: military, liberator, fighter, (military) employee, soldier, (experienced) in military affairs, warrior / defender / the one who fights, hero, protector, brave man, winner, squire, courageous / valiant (man), role model / example for imitation, responsible (man), purposeful (person), giving a debt to the country, ready for self-sacrifice / accomplishing a feat, participant in the war, patriot / devotee / loyal (Motherland / Fatherland / people). These cognitive characteristics show a wide range of functional manifestations of modern representations of military occupation. The special group includes figurative stereotypical and gender signs, since a warrior has always been a male hero in Russian linguistic culture. The stereotypes of Russian linguistic culture are connected with the military past of our people, with its heroic epos, tales, and legends. Symbolic signs make up a separate group. The structure of the studied concept includes sixteen symbolic signs, which are also connected with the history of the Russian people with its numerous wars and victories: gods and saints, (fraternal) graves of warriors, war veterans, eternal flame, (military) rituals, (military) units, banner, George the Victorious, coat of arms, hero cities, icons, awards (orders and medals, weapons), monuments (obelisks and columns), songs and marches, field, status Hero-city, temple.
Linguacreative Foundations of the German Comic Book "Dig, Dag, Digedag"
Authors: Engel E. A. , Deneko M. V.
Published: December 2019

The paper features linguistic and creative foundations in the German comic book "Dig, Dag, Digedag". Modern linguacultural, cognitive studies, and discursive practices are aimed at studying comics, which are a series of drawings with brief accompanying texts. However, comic books consist of two components – verbal and nonverbal, which means that graphic novels and strips have linguacreative foundations. The author performed philological and semiotic analyzes to identify the linguistic and creative foundations of the German comic book. The algorithm of the philological analysis included literary description of the time and place, the most original and interesting scenes in several editions, lexical expressive means and stylistic devices. The semiotic analysis featured the graphics related to the non-verbal component. The linguistic and creative foundations of the comic are manifested in original plots that allow its readers to escape from everyday and political problems through fun, exciting, and informative trips to Ancient Rome, Sicily, ancient Arab countries, the Moon and Mars, as well as to an uninhabited island. The carefully selected scientific and mundane knowledge is transmitted through verbal means and comic book graphics, making young readers expand their horizon. The use of such tools as hyperbole, metaphor, pun, as well as diverse vocabulary within the text of the comic, also suggests linguistic creativity of the German comic book "Dig, Dag, Digedag".
Was A. I. Guchkov’s Constitution a Right-Liberal Draft of the Basic Law of Russian Empire or a Party Program?
Authors: Aronov D. V. , Zhilyaeva S. K.
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the political and legal nature of "The Draft Constitution of the Russian Empire" stored in A. I. Guchkov’s personal archive. A. I. Guchkov was the founder and leader of "The Union of October 17", a political party formed in the early twentieth century Russia. Russian historical and legal science considers these materials as a draft Constitution drawn by the representatives of the right wing of Russian liberalism. We conducted a comparative analysis of Guchkov’s Constitution and the versions of "The Union of October 17" political party programs. The Constitution proved almost identical with the texts of two versions of the party program. The draft could fill the intermediate place in a series of different versions of the party program. The party programs were successively adopted by the first and second party Congresses and the Moscow Central Committee. Therefore, it is necessary to refer the document not to the constitutional projects, but to the legal and political materials of "The Union of October 17". Thus, the right wing of the liberal forces had no independent constitutional project.
The Phenomenon of N. D. Khvoshchinskaya-Zaionchkovskaya as Viewed by the Narodnik Historian V. I. Semevsky
Authors: Gavrilov S. V.
Published: December 2019

The present research featured a retrospective analysis of the historical identification of the image of a famous Russian writer Nadezhda D. Khvoshchinskaya, undertaken by a narodnik historian Vasiliy I. Semevsky. The study was based on archival and published sources, i.e. materials of personal origin (letters, memoirs), periodicals, as well as Semevsky’s biographical sketch and scientific works. The research involved the method of critical analysis of historical sources; the method of specificity, which determined the selection of sources; a semantic analysis of sources by comparing the analyzed data with information from other sources. Semevsky’s subjective descriptions made it possible to interpret his own views on such topical issues of social development as the place and role of women in society and the problems of education of the younger generation. The historian did not analyze artistic merits of Khvoshchinskaya’s works, but presented an exhaustive bibliographic list. The author characterizes V. I. Semevsky’s assessments in relation to various stages of N. D. Khvoshchinskaya’s activity as a writer and literary critic. An ambiguous from the point of view of morality introduction into scientific circulation of a number of sources of personal origin by the author of the biography is shown. The paper ends with the conclusion that Semevsky, as the first biographer of N. D. Khvoshchinskaya-Zaionchkovskaya, could set himself three tasks: (1) prevention of the writer’s oblivion; (2) a kind of ideological privatization, presentation of her views as close to the populist movement (the so-called Narodniks); and, (3) characterization of Khvoshchinskaya as a sample of a working woman and a bearer of ideal ethical principles that were close to those of Semevsky himself.
Chinese Colonization of Mongolian Lands in the Early XX Century
Authors: Drobotushenko E. V. , Lantsova Yu. N.
Published: December 2019

The paper features some aspects of Chinese colonization policy in the Mongolian North in the early XX century. There have been publications on the issue; however, they fail to provide a full coverage of the period, and no serious comprehensive study has ever been performed. In this regard, documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation can contribute to the comprehensive study of the topic. The documents are mostly represented by trip reports to Manchuria in the first quarter of the XX century. The article describes a document about a little known event of the period in question: the trip made by the Chinese Minister of Colonies Prince Su to the territory of South-Eastern Mongolia (North-Eastern China). The author also analyzed the related conclusions made by the Actual State Councilor D. D. Pokotilov, the Extraordinary Envoy and Plenipotentiary Minister in Beijing. The paper also contains a revision of Chinese colonial policy in the Mongolian lands, made by Prince Su in his report to the Chinese authorities. The beginning of the XX century became the climax of the Chinese colonization on the territory in question. This period is also associated with the expansion of Russian influence on the territory of the Sino-Eastern railway right of way. Nevertheless, a complete picture of Chinese colonization requires further studies of archival sources.
Methodological Abilities of Systemic and Synergistic Approaches to the Study of Project Thinking
Authors: Mazurkevich A. V.
Published: December 2019

The present research features project thinking in relation to the realities of the modern dynamic and non-predetermined world. The author specifies the need for a fundamentally new understanding of the essence of the processes that make up the substantial foundation of project thinking as the competence of a modern manager in the logic of project management. The paper describes various aspects of the application of project thinking in various, primarily humanitarian, areas of scientific knowledge. It introduces an attempt to specify the definition of project thinking with due account of the modern requirements for a company manager. The author describes the problems of studying project thinking in modern psychological science and points to the methodological inconsistency of the linear, eclectic conception of project thinking that does not take into account the system-synergetic features of this phenomenon. For instance, the inability of the old linear-eclectic model of project thinking to explain that a subject of project activity cannot create and effectively implement a project in an application area even if the subject of project activity has a high efficiency of separated components of project thinking. The paper gives an outline of the methodological abilities of the system approach and synergetic approach in relation to the study of project thinking, as well as delimited synergic and synergistic comprehension of complicated processes, including psychological processes in relation to project thinking. Finally, the author identifies the problems associated with the consideration of project thinking through the prism of the system and synergistic approaches and proposes some instrumental ways to overcome these difficulties.
Risk assessment for areas prone to flooding and subsidence: a case study from Bergen, Western Norway
Authors: Venvik Guri , Bang-Kittilsen Ane , Boogaard Floris C.
Published: December 2019

Bergen city centre is prone to both subsidence and flooding. With a predicted increase in precipitation due to climate change, a higher proportion of rainfall becomes surface runoff, which results in increased peak flood discharges. In addition, it has been predicted that sea-level rise and increasing storm surges will result in coastal flooding. In this study, the dual hazards of flooding and subsidence are analysed to exemplify possible risk assessment maps for areas most prone to the combination of both. Risk assessment maps are a support tool to identify areas where mitigation of subsidence and adaptation for surface water management will be most efficient and measures can be implemented. The results show that dual hazard assessment, like that described in this paper, can be a useful tool for decision-makers when prioritizing areas to implement measures such as Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems.
Monitoring hospital wastewaters for their probable genotoxicity
Authors: Beltifa Asma , Alibi Sana , Mansour Hedi Ben
Published: December 2019

Hospitals' effluents contain a considerable amount of chemicals. Considering the significant volume of wastewater discharged by hospitals, the presence of these chemicals represents a real threat to the environment and human health. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro genotoxicities of three wastewater effluents collected from Tunisian hospitals. The liver of Swiss albino male mice, previously treated with different doses of the hospital wastewaters, was used as a model to detect DNA fragmentation. Our results showed all the hospital effluents caused significant qualitative and quantitative hazards in hepatic DNA. The wastewater collected from Sfax hospital exhibited the highest genotoxic effect, which may be explained by the presence in this effluent of some toxic micropolluants. There was a significant increase in genotoxicity, proportionally to the concentration of effluent. However, the vitotox assay did not show any significant genotoxicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA104 in the presence or absence of microsomal fraction S9. The ratio gentox/cytox was lower than the threshold 1.5. This study assessed the toxicological risk issued from Tunisian hospital wastewaters, which is potentially very harmful, and it has been pointed out that wastewater treatment requires special attention.
High quantities of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli are present in the Machángara urban river in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Ortega-Paredes David , Barba Pedro , Mena-López Santiago , Espinel Nathaly , Crespo Verónica , Zurita Jeannete
Published: December 2019

Urban river pollution by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria constitutes an important public health concern. Epidemiologically important strains of MDR Escherichia coli transmissible at the human–animal–environment interfaces are especially worrying. Quantifying and characterizing MDR E. coli at a molecular level is thus imperative for understanding its epidemiology in natural environments and its role in the spread of resistance in precise geographical areas. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli was characterized along the watercourse of the major urban river in Quito. Our results showed high quantities of cefotaxime-resistant E. coli (2.7 × 103–5.4 × 105 CFU/100 mL). The antimicrobial resistance index (ARI) revealed the exposure of the river to antibiotic contamination, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index indicated a high risk of contamination. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was the most prevalent in our samples. Isolates also had class 1 integrons carrying aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and folate pathway inhibitors. The isolates belonged to phylogroups A, B1 and D. Clonal complex 10 was found to be the most prevalent (ST10, ST44 and ST 167), followed by ST162, ST394 and ST46. Our study provides a warning about the high potential of the major urban river in Quito for spreading the epidemiologically important MDR E. coli.
Oil and gas resources in the Rostov region
Authors: Kakorin Aleksandr Vasil'evich , Chukarina Mariia Vladimirovna , Letunovskii Sviatoslav Sergeevich , Revenko Pavel Alekseevich
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the state of development of the oil and gas industry in the Rostov region and the factors affecting this state. The advantages and disadvantages of oil and gas production in the Rostov region are shown. The current number of oil and gas fields in this region is highlighted.
FEATURES OF HOTELS FOR FAMILY HOLIDAYS
Authors: Maksimova Valentina Ivanovna , Zakharova Anastasiia Vasil'evna
Published: December 2019

The article describes the features of hotels for family vacations, identifies factors affecting the choice of a hotel for a family vacation, identifies the possibilities of hotels to attract this segment of consumers
Prácticas y sentidos sobre el valor político de las fronteras
Authors: Pagotto María Alejandra , Foio María del Socorro , Burin David , Ricca Claudia
Published: December 2019

En este artículo la noción de frontera es considerada un articulador metodológico y una categoría conceptual. Utilizándola como analizador de zonas de disputa espacial y simbólica, permite indagar tensiones existentes en algunas poblaciones rurales de Argentina y Paraguay que interactúan con espacios, actores y organismos extraterritoriales. Por tal motivo, la categoría de frontera resulta relevante en tanto es considerada una zona históricamente signada por transformaciones e intercambios (tránsito, espacio entre, interpelaciones mutuas) y donde se producen situaciones de violencia, despojo, sometimiento, desigualdad. Ambos procesos instauran demarcaciones y barreras. La tensión principal analizada es en torno al espacio y los sentidos que las poblaciones le atribuyen. Es decir, el derecho a decidir sobre el modo de vida que desean ejercer. Ello ratifica la fertilidad del concepto y constata que ciertas tensiones vigentes se originan en conflictos de larga duración y difícil tramitación por cuanto los sucesos locales están determinados globalmente.
Jóvenes guatemaltecas del sector doméstico en el Soconusco, Chiapas: Sus experiencias e imaginarios
Authors: Kuromiya Aki
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo, se rescatan las subjetividades de las trabajadoras jóvenes guatemaltecas que se desempeñan en el sector doméstico del Soconusco, Chiapas, México. El enfoque está en sus motivaciones para salir de su país con el propósito de trabajar en el sector doméstico. Mediante datos etnográficos y análisis de las narrativas recopiladas, se describen sus imaginarios y la manera en que inciden en sus prácticas migratorias y laborales. Se analizan tres imaginarios: el de la vida urbana, de familia y sobre su futuro que posibilitan explicar las características particulares de esta dinámica fronteriza, la cual definimos como movilidad micro-social y temporal. El objetivo es poner en evidencia que las dinámicas migratoria y laboral de las jóvenes no es un fenómeno meramente económico, sino que es el proceso social en el que ellas buscan su forma particular de ser y hacerse jóvenes.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis Among Myositis Patients in the Southwest of Iran
Authors: Saki Jasem , Mowla Karim , Arjmand Reza , Kazemi Forough , Fallahizadeh Somayeh
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

Parasitic myositis is caused by some parasites, such as Toxoplasma
gondii) T. gondii (and Toxocara canis (T. canis). So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the
prevalence T. gondii and T. canis in patients with myositis and healthy individuals.

Methods:

A total of 108 samples were randomly selected as the control (54 healthy individuals)
and test (54 myositis patients) groups. IgG and IgM antibodies (Ab) against T. gondii and IgG Ab
against T. canis were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The detection
of chronic and acute toxoplasmosis was performed by the ELISA IgG avidity. The presence
of T. gondii in the blood was evaluated using the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR).

Results:

Of 108, 33 (30.6%) cases were positive for IgG against T. gondii that 19 (35.2%) and 14
(25.9%) were observed in myositis patients and healthy individuals, respectively (P=0.296). Of 19
positive cases, 12 (63.2%) and 7 (36.8%) cases were detected as chronic and acute toxoplasmosis,
respectively, while, all positive cases in the control group had chronic toxoplasmosis (P=0.013).
One (1.9%) sample was positive for anti- T. gondii IgM and two (3.7%) samples were positive for
IgG against T. canis by the ELISA that these positive cases were observed only in myositis patients
(P=1.000 P=0.495, respectively). B1 T. gondii gene was amplified in 12 (63.2%) and 1
(7.1%) in myositis patients and healthy subjects (P=0.001).

Conclusions:

Our findings showed that there was a relatively high prevalence of acute toxoplasmosis
in myositis patients in comparison with the control subjects in the Southwest of Iran.
Detection of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Clinical and Intensive Care Unit Environmental Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zarei Omid , Mahmoudi Hassan , Bardbari Ali Mohammadi , Karami Pezhman , Alikhani Mohammad Yousef
Published: December 2019

Background:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative non-glucose fermenting
aerobic bacteria and an opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals. The present study was carried
out to investigate the distribution of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties of P.
aeruginosa isolated from patients and intensive care unit (ICU) environment.

Material and Methods:

A total of 116 P. aeruginosa isolated from patients and ICU environment
were collected from Besat hospital in Hamadan, the West of Iran. P. aeruginosa isolates were analyzed
based on the presence of the virulence factors encoding genes included exoA, exoS, exoU,
and algD using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed
using a disk diffusion method.

Results:

The results showed the prevalence of exoA 33 (56.9%), exoS 21 (36.20%), exoU 37
(63.8%), and algD 35 (60.34%) genes in ICU environment P. aeruginosa strains and exo A 23
(39.25%), exoS 25 (43.1%), exoU 40(68.98%), and algD 25 (43.1%) genes in clinical isolates of
P. aeruginosa. High resistance levels of the clinical and ICU environment isolate to ampicillinsulbactam
(100%), were also observed.

Conclusions:

Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients
in Iran. Clinicians should exercise caution in prescribing antibiotics, especially in cases of
human infections.
Pulmonary Nocardiosis in Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients from Tehran, Iran
Authors: Rahdar Hossein Ali , Bahador Abass , Shahraki-Zahedani Shahram , Karami-Zarandi Morteza , Soori Tahereh , Jafari Sirous , Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: December 2019

Objective:

Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infection in individuals who had organ transplants
and in patients with immunosuppressive diseases such as pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), diabetes
mellitus, and HIV. Nocardiosis rate has not been assessed in Iranian PV patients, and this was
the first study to estimate nocardiosis rate in these patients.

Methods:

In this study, 103 patients with PV were examined. BAL samples were obtained and direct
smear was prepared and visualized by microscopy after PAS staining. Samples were cultured
on antibiotic-containing blood and chocolate agar media. DNA extraction and PCR were performed
on positive cultures, and final identification was done by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Drug susceptibility testing was done by microbroth dilution method.

Results:

Four positive cultures (3.88%) were found in the samples (n = 103). According to sequence
analysis, 2 isolates were identified as Nocardia cyriacigeorgica and 2 as Nocardia otitidiscaviarum
and Nocardia cerradoensis. Nocardia cerradoensis was isolated from an invasive
brain infection. Isolated bacteria were susceptible to majority of the tested antibiotics, except for 2
strains of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica and Nocardia cerradoensis. This was the first isolation of Nocardia
cerradoensis of human infection in Asia. Patients with PV are susceptible to nocardiosis,
similar to other immunocompromised patients.

Conclusion:

Pemphigus Vulgaris is a severe autoimmune disease which is treated by a high dosage
of corticosteroids. Opportunistic infections are one of the greatest challenges of these patients.
One of the neglected agents of opportunistic infection in this disorder is Nocardiosis which can
cause a high mortality rate in PV patients.
Anthraquinone Derivatives and its Antibacterial Properties from Paederia foetida Stems
Authors: Ramadhan Aryandi , Wardani Agustin Krisna , Dlamini Bongani Sicelo , Chang Chi-I
Published: December 2019

Background:

Paederia foetida (Rubiaceae) locally known as Chinese fever vine is a
prominent plant species in the east and south Asia. The extract of Paederia foetida Linn. has been
used for the treatment of gastric infections or other digestive disorders in Chinese traditional
medicine.

Objective:

The main aim of the study was to isolate bioactive constituents of P. foetida stem through
a bio-guided assay, then evaluate their antibacterial activity and compare them with standard agents.

Materials and Methods:

The stems of P. foetida were extracted by methanol and successively partitioned
with ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate layer further fractionated using column
chromatography and normal phase HPLC. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were
elucidated through comparison of the 1H and 13C NMR and MS spectral data with the literature. The
antibacterial activity of P. foetida stem was evaluated using agar well diffusion assay and resazurin
based micro-dilution technique.

Results:

Ten compounds were isolated from the Chinese fever vine stem including four
anthraquinones, morindaparvin A (1), 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methoxyanthraquinone (2), digiferrol (3),
and alizarin (4); two steroids, β-sitosterol (5), and stigmastan-3-one (6); two coumarins, scopoletin
(7) and fraxidin (8) and two aromatics, ferulic acid (9) and vanillic acid (10). The four anthraquinones
1-4 were isolated for the first time from Chinese fever vine stem. Compound 2 and 3 significantly
inhibited Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values 18.75 and 9.37 μg/mL respectively, and
streptomycin (1.8 μg/mL) was used as a positive control.

Conclusion:

Compound 2 and 3 can be considered as a prospective candidate for the treatment of
staphylococcal bacterial infections in both human and animals.
ciclos de crise de imagem política
Authors: Gramacho Wladimir Ganzelevitch
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho propõe definições conceituais e operacionais para os ciclos de crise de imagem política (CCI-pols), eventos de superexposição da imagem de uma autoridade associada a fatos reprováveis, que ameaçam sua reputação individual e, indiretamente, a de sua superiora hierárquica. Os CCI-pols baseiam-se nas contribuições de Downs (1972) sobre os ciclos de atenção pública e de Thompson (2000) sobre os “escândalos políticos”. Durante o período Dilma Rousseff (2011-2014), foram detectados 40 ciclos de crise de imagem política de ministros de Estado. Análises de regressão linear sugerem que eles foram mais intensos e extensos quando o ministro de um partido aliado de esquerda, envolvido em conflito de interesse, no início do mandato de Dilma Rousseff; mais intensos quando era um político e mais extensos quando o ministro era exposto pela primeira vez a um CCI-pol.
Luta em 140 caracteres
Authors: Anacleto Helen Cristine Almeida
Published: December 2019

O desinteresse dos meios de comunicação chamados tradicionais pela cobertura dos Jogos Paralímpicos Rio 2016 evidenciou o Twitter como uma importante arena de visibilidade e reconhecimento para os atletas paralímpicos. Neste artigo, analisamos e categorizamos o conteúdo de 1.238 (n=1.238) postagens feitas pela conta do Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro (@cpboficial) e, concomitantemente, 9.132 (n=9.132) tweets postados pelos usuários da rede social com a hashtag #JogosParalímpicos, todos publicados durante o evento no Brasil. Após esta fase, encontramos três tipos de reconhecimento expressos aos atletas: o Institucional, o Esportivo e o Afetivo/Ideológico. Os resultados são analisados à luz do debate da teoria do reconhecimento feito entre Nancy Fraser e Axel Honneth.
Imprensa e a propaganda negativa eleitoral
Authors: Oliveira Lucy
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho buscou caracterizar e analisar a relação entre as agendas/enquadramentos da imprensa tradicional brasileira e da propaganda negativa eleitoral na campanha presidencial de 2014. No momento em que o tema da propaganda negativa se constitui enquanto objeto da Ciência Política nacional, percebemos uma lacuna sobre como se dá a convergência de temas entre os campos político e midiático no ambiente informacional. Assim, partindo do pressuposto de que a agenda negativa teria maior valor-notícia e atende ao ideal normativo de watch dog, nossa hipótese foi de que haveria convergência entre a agenda da imprensa e dos ataques da oposição, fenômeno que denominamos de ripple effect. O corpus da pesquisa foi composto pela análise do HGPE, spots e pelos dois principais jornais impressos nacionais. Por fim, os dados confirmaram parcialmente nossa hipótese e reforçaram achados da literatura sobre jornalismo político brasileiro.
Apresentação
Authors: Cervi Emerson Urizzi , Mendonça Ricardo Fabrino , Chagas Viktor
Published: December 2019

Apresentação da nova edição da Revista Compolítica.
Patients’ Willingness to Share Information in Online Patient Communities: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Zhu Panpan , Shen Jiang , Xu Man
Published: December 2019

Background

Online patient communities provide new channels for users to access and share medical information. In-depth study of users’ willingness to share information in online patient communities is of great significance for improving the level of information sharing among the patient community and the long-term development of communities.

Objective

The aim of this study was to build a model of factors affecting patients’ willingness to share medical information from the perspective of both positive and negative utilities. Specifically, we aimed to determine the influence of online information support and privacy concerns, as well as the moderating effect of disease severity and information sensitivity of different patients on their willingness to share.

Methods

Data from 490 users with experience in online patient communities were collected through a questionnaire survey, and structural equations were applied to empirically verify the model hypotheses.

Results

Privacy concerns negatively affected the patients’ willingness to share information (P<.001), whereas online information support positively affected patients’ willingness to share information (P<.001), and information sensitivity negatively moderated the impact of online information support on sharing willingness (P=.01). Disease severity positively moderated the impact of privacy concerns on sharing willingness (P=.05). However, the hypotheses that information sensitivity is a negative moderator and disease severity is a positive moderator of the impact of privacy concerns on sharing willingness could not be supported.

Conclusions

To improve the level of user information sharing, the online patient community should design a safe user registration process, ensure the confidentiality of information, reduce the privacy concerns of users, and accurately identify the information needs of patients to provide personalized support services.
Conceptual Difficulties Experienced by First-Year Undergraduate Chemistry Students in Assigning Oxidation Number: A Case Study of High School Chemistry Textbooks
Authors: Basuki Rahmat
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research was to investigate first-year undergraduate chemistry students’ understanding in assigning oxidation number following a case-study course instruction. A list of multiple choice question and interview section was formulated to identify the initial knowledge as representative of their conceptual understanding in assigning oxidation number obtained from their chemistry textbooks. This study revealed that most of 34 students who participated were confused about the nature of oxidation number. In the section of the interview which focused on applying “The Rules”, many students experienced more problems in assigning oxidation number of sulfur in S2O32– ion. Several misconceptions relating to the inappropriate assumption in assigning oxidation number were identified. The data illustrated how students attempt to make sense of the concept obtained from High School with the knowledge they had already constructed in solve of a given question. The research implied that the teachers, lecturers, curriculum developers, and High School Chemistry textbooks authors need to be cognizant of the importance of related concept (electronegativity and dot-Lewis structure) with oxidation number. The high school and chemistry textbook authors were recommended to introduce this interconnection (including formal charge) to minimize the misconception and conceptual difficulties experienced by first-year undergraduate chemistry students in assigning oxidation number.