bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive Cases of Bioethics and Public Health: By the Examples of Counteraction to Xenophobia, Discrimination and Inequality
Authors: Hubenko Hanna V. , Boichenko Nataliia M. , Piven Svitlana M. , Kuchma Natallia G. , Bondarkova Anna M.
Published: February 2022

Aim: This article examines how bioethicists can make a significant contribution to mediation, public discourse, research, educating, learning, policy-making and academic impact in response to troubling and persistent models of xenophobia, racism and ‘pretentious’ prejudice. In order to make a meaningful contribution to these issues, bioethicists need training, awareness that they can play an important educational role in cooperation with other specialists and social spheres.
Materials and Methods: An understanding of these issues from the perspective of bioethics is important in terms of the methodological approach that is used in its explanations. For example, in education, public health, etc. In the course of the research the bibliographic, bibliosemantic method, the method of system analysis.
Conclusions: The main mechanism for combating xenophobia is the development of personal and social tolerance. Tolerance does not require an obligatory love to «our own»’ and to «others», but offers recognition of the real pluralism of cultures and ways of life, Professional training of/for bioethicists as partners/trainers who work together with the community to create solutions. Thus, as bioethicists, we create new educational and cultural programmes based on the knowledge gained through the integration of previous projects in various layers of society. They stimulate ethical and creative thinking, create conditions for team learning and encourage people in teams to find innovative ways of operating in contexts of high uncertainty and complexity of the 21st century. We therefore assume that bioethicists, as agents of change, are able to operate on various educational levels (starting from the primary level), contributing to increasing awareness and tolerance of one country’s population by communicating key bioethical messages. The purpose of bioethicists as educational tutors will be not only to understand the social and psychological sources of xenophobia and discrimination manifestations, but also to corroborate existing negative attitudes and stereotypes prevalent in the modern society.
EFFECTS OF STRONTIUM RANELATE ON ALVEOLAR BONE IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Matvieienko Lubov M. , Matvieienko Rostyslav Y. , Fastovets Olena O.
Published: February 2022

The aim: To investigate effects of strontium ranelate on alveolar bone loss in rats with experimental diabetes.
Materials and methods: Histological examination of bone tissue was carried out for 24 white male rats, divided into three identical groups of 8 animals (the first group included animals with experimental type-2 diabetes, based on the use of Streptozotocin; in the second group, it was additionally reproduced periodontitis by the introduction of Penicillamine; and in the third group, in addition, it was used strontium ranelate) and 6 intact rats.
Results: In the second group, osteoporosis phenomena were most significant, while in the third group the average specific area of the inter-root trabecular bone differed a little from the control. In the control group, the number of osteoclasts was 2.24 ± 1.41 cells per mm2, in the first group – 4.34 ± 1.37 cells per mm2, in the second group – 2.96 ± 1.26 cells per mm2 and in the third group – 2.24 ± 1.41 cells per mm2 (p>0.05). The samples of the third group have the most expressive manifestations of osteogenesis and the most intense expression of osteopontin, both in trabecular and compact bone tissue.
Conclusions: The use of strontium drugs reliably slows down the processes of bone resorption due to both inhibition of the function of osteoclasts, and by activating osteoblasts, thus stimulating osteogenesis.
STATE OF MICROCIRCULATION AND FREE-RADICAL PROCESSES OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN SMOKING DEPENDENT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HYPERACID GASTRITIS
Authors: Romanova Iuliia G. , Zolotukhina Olena L. , Romanov Georgy O. , Shnaider Stanislav A. , Tkachenko Iryna M.
Published: February 2022

The aim: The aim of the work was to determine the state of microcirculation and free radical processes of periodontal tissues in smoking dependent patients with chronic generalized periodontitis associated with chronic hyperacid gastritis.
Materials and methods: We examined 90 patients (men and women) aged 25 to 44 years, who were divided into 3 groups: the first group - 48 smoking patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic hyperacid gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori; the second group - 22 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic hyperacid gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori, without the bad habit; the third group - control, consisted of 20 healthy individuals. The smoking patients were randomly divided into two subgroups: patients of the first subgroup (G1.1) received the basic therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis and the proposed treatment and prevention complex; the patients in the second subgroup (G1.2) received basic therapy for chronic generalized periodontitis and ultraphonophoresis with placebo.
Results: The use of treatment and prevention complex in smoking dependent patients and patients without the bad habit with chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic hyperacid gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori demonstrated a positive dynamics of the functional characteristics of microcirculation and the balance in the lipid peroxidation – antioxidant system.
Conclusions: So, the use of the proposed treatment and prevention complex had a positive effect on the state of microcirculation and free radical processes of periodontal tissues both at the near and long-term follow up, even under conditions of chronic hyperacid gastritis and the risk factor – smoking.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANEMIA IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN IRAQI FEMALES SAMPLE
Authors: Hamodi Luma Essa , Naji Alaadin Sahham , Ismael Sajidah Hussein
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study: to determine the different causes of anemia among anemic women of reproductive age and to define associations between severity of anemia with different patient characteristics.
Materials and methods: This is a community based cross-sectional study that was conducted between October and December 2020 among a sample of anemic women at reproductive age between (14-49 years), who attended the private clinic in Baghdad city. The sample consisted of 120 participants (100 non-pregnant women and 20 pregnant women). Socio-demographic characteristic data were collected including occupation, socioeconomic status, marital status, family history of anemia, history of Pica, and number of pregnancies. Questions related to the causes of anemia: Dietary habits, menstrual cycle duration and profusion, current pregnancy, Gastrointestinal blood loss (any form), any chronic illness (like connective tissue disease , inflammatory bowel diseases, hypothyroidism ,chronic infection) and auto-immune hemolytic disease. Baseline hematological parameter were included, hemoglobin level, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), Serum ferritin and ESR.
Results: A total of 120 women, the mean hemoglobin level was 9.43 g/dL. Iron deficiency anemia was the commonest type of anemia in 67.20% followed by inherited hemolytic anemia in 20%; auto-immune hemolytic anemia found in 5.6%, while megaloblastic anemia and anemia of chronic diseases forming 5.6% and 4% respectively. There is a significant association between severity of iron deficiency anemia and different age groups in addition to the amount of weekly consumption of red meat.
Conclusions: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia found in this sample followed by inherited cause of anemia. Many individual and socioeconomic factors were associated with the development of anemia in women of reproductive age. Giving special attention and important diagnosis of anemia for those groups of women especially during reproductive age who had a higher prevalence of anemia.
SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS: CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Myroshnychenko Mykhailo S. , Moiseienko Tetiana M. , Torianyk Inna I. , Ivannik Victoria Yu. , Popova Natalia G. , Mozhaiev Ivan V. , Chastii Tetiana V. , Minukhin Valerii V. , Leontiev Pavlo A. , Osolodchenko Tetiana P. , Parkhomenko Kyrylo Yu.
Published: February 2022

The aim is to identify age, gender, clinical and morphological features of seborrheic keratosis.
Material and methods: The study used biopsy material from 196 patients with a clinical diagnosis of “Seborrheic keratosis”. In all cases, when studying directions for pathohistological examination, the authors analyzed gender and age characteristics, as well as localization of seborrheic keratosis. The resulting material was fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin (ph 7.4) for 24-48 hours. The procedure was carried out according to the generally accepted technique and the material was embedded in paraffin. Sections of 4–5×10–6m thick were made from paraffin blocks for staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The microspecimens were examined using an Olympus BX-41 microscope (Japan).
Results: The study revealed a modern feature of seborrheic keratosis –”rejuvenation” of this tumor, as evidenced by its predominant development in patients aged 31 to 50 years. Seborrheic keratosis is more common in men, and is localized mainly on the skin of the face, scalp, neck and back. When diagnosing seborrheic keratosis, the author notes a significant discrepancy between clinical and morphological diagnoses, which actualizes the problem of improving the available clinical research methods and emphasizes the importance of morphological research. Hyperkeratotic and acanthotic histological variants of seborrheic keratosis are the most common. The case of seborrheic keratosis with malignancy and transformation into squamous cell carcinoma, identified by the author, should develop oncological alertness in doctors and patients.
Conclusions: The study revealed age, gender, clinical and morphological features of seborrheic keratosis, which will contribute to a better understanding of this pathology by the doctors of various specialties, and improve the treatment and diagnostic process.
THE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CERVICAL PERFORATED PESSARY FOR THE PREVENTION OF PRETERM LABOR IN WOMEN WITH PRIOR PRETERM BIRTHS
Authors: Konkov Dmytro G. , Zhurauleu Aliaksei Y. , Honcharenko Oksana M. , Lobastova Tetiana V. , Shevchuk Taras V.
Published: February 2022

The aim: The assessment of clinical effectiveness the cervical perforated pessary (CPP) used for prevention of preterm labor.
Materials and methods: Caucasian women with prior SPL who were randomized to receive a CPP (clinical group) or without pessary (control group) was conducted at the Vinnytsya maternal hospital №1, from 2014 through 2018. Eligible women were those referred to the institution for a diagnosis of cervical incompetence between 16 weeks and 18 weeks +6 days. Outcomes will be PTL before 28, 32, 35, and 37 weeks of gestation; a composite of poor perinatal outcomes.
Results: The incidence of SPL at less than 37 weeks of gestation was occurred in 14,1% vs 29,3% (RR 0,48, 95% CI, 0,23-0,99), lower rate of SPL at less than 35 weeks of gestation (RR 0,30, 95% CI, 0,10-0,88), longer gestational age (Dif. -1,4, 95% CI, -2,30 to -0,50), higher birth weight (Dif. -197,9, 95% CI, -307,6 to -88,15), lower incidence of adverse composite perinatal outcome (RR 0,28, 95% CI, 0,1-0,81) from the pessary and control group respectively. The participants pessary clinical group had a higher rate than the control group of increased vaginal discharge (RR 1,31, 95% CI, 1,01-1,69), but no differences in pelvic discomfort (RR 0,54, 95% CI, 0,14-2,18), chorioamnionitis (RR 0,30, 95% CI, 0,06-1,44).
Conclusions: The women with prior SPL use of a CPP, resulted in a lower rate of SPL. The component in the successful results of preventive strategy SPL is consideration of vaginal microbiota and role of special trained staff for installation and care cervical pessary.
FREQUENCY AND NATURE OF DISORDERS IN PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS IN PATIENTS WITH MIDDLE FACIAL INJURY
Authors: Nazarevych Maksym , Ohonovskyi Roman , Pohranychna Khrystyna , Mokryk Oleh , Melnychuk Yuriy , Stasyshyn Andriy
Published: February 2022

The aim: Scientific work aims at determining the frequency and nature of disorders in psycho-emotional and autonomic systems in patients with combined trauma of the middle face.
Materials and methods: Examination included 112 patients with combined trauma of the middle face.Their psycho-emotional state was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). All patients were tested using questionnaires developed by Wayne A.M.. The Kerdo index was used to assess autonomic tone, while autonomic reactivity was determined using a Czermak-Gering carotid sinus test. Biochemical markers of stress - adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and anti-stress system - β-endorphins,and Garkavi L.Kh. adaptation index.
Results: Patients with severe traumatic brain injury - 26.78%, and severe fractures of the facial bones - 48.21%. The consequence of traumatic events is the appearance of post-traumatic stress disorders in their mental function. Post-traumatic stress is also manifested at the hematological level in the characteristic stress reactions: the growth in the blood of stress markers - ACTH and cortisol and anti-stress factors, including β-endorphins
Conclusions: Middle facial injuries cause disorders of the psycho-emotional sphere, which are manifested in anxiety and depressive disorders. The post-traumatic period is accompanied by stress disorders, which are confirmed by hematological studies with a significant increase in stress markers (ACTH and cortisol) and an insignificant increase in anti-stress factors in the blood. Insufficient stress-limiting function of the hypothalamic-pituitary system slows down the healing process and requires appropriate correction.
LOW SERUM BILIRUBIN LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH THE ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME
Authors: Filipyuk Anzhelika L. , Bek Nataliya S. , Sklyarova Valentyna O. , Filipyuk Ihor T. , Huk-Leshnevska Zoryana O. , Zhakun Iryna B.
Published: February 2022

The aim: To investigate the relationship between serum bilirubin level and the presence of the APS in women with a history of spontaneous miscarriages.
Materials and methods: Fifty six women aged 22-38 (median 27) years with a history of spontaneous miscarriages were divided into two groups: 33 women with the APS and 23 without. Patients were tested for the presence of lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, anti-β2-glycoprotein 1, antiphospholipid antibodies and genetic thrombophilic defects.
Results: Groups were comparable by age, blood pressure, BMI, co-morbidity (anemia, heart abnormality, thyroid disease, overweight). Median serum total bilirubin levels were 7,2 μmol/L (interquartile range [5,8-9,7]) in women with the APS and 10,5 μmol/L (interquartile range [7,5-15,1]) in control group, p=0.005. The chance of detecting a total bilirubin level of less than 8 μmol/L is 4.1 times higher in the APS patients than in the control group (OR 4,1; 95% CI 1,274-13,213). Logistic regression analysis found a statistically significant association between total bilirubin and the presence of the APS (odds ratio, 0.856; 95% CI, 0.734-0.997, p =0.046). Patients with the APS had elevated serum C-reactive protein (medians 2,3 vs 1,1 mg/L, p=0.01) and fibrinogen (medians 2,8 vs 2,5 g/L, p=0.006) levels compared with controls. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between all types of bilirubin and inflammatory markers.
Conclusions: All types of serum bilirubin (total, direct and indirect) are significantly reduced in women with APS, associated with higher inflammatory markers and lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which may be the result of oxidative stress.
INFLUENCE OF INTERVAL NORMOBARIC HYPOXYTHERAPY ON THE PROCESSES OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING IN THE MYOCARDIUM OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Masik Nadiia , Nechiporuk Sergiy , Fomina Anastasiya-Aleksandra
Published: February 2022

The aim: Determination of cardioprotective effect of interval normobaric hypoxia in medical rehabilitation of patients with COPD.
Materials and methods: 123 patients with COPD who received basic drug therapy were examined and were divided into 2 groups. Patients of the main group (93 persons) additionally received 2 courses of 20 sessions of interval normobaric hypoxia. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination at the beginning and after 1 year of follow-up.
Results: Prior to treatment, all patients had changes in the myocardium of both ventricles, due mainly to hypoxic and inflammatory effects and to a lesser extent to increased pulmonary artery pressure. Interval normobaric hypoxytherapy caused adaptive-adaptive reactions of the cardiovascular system, which manifested a positive effect on the state of both left and right ventricles: increase in stroke volume and expulsion fraction, decrease in E-DV and E-SV of the left and right ventricular E-DS, elimination of myocardium. However, the result is more effective in patients with GOLD 1 and GOLD 2 compared to GOLD 3.
Conclusions: The use of interval normobaric hypoxytherapy in the rehabilitation of COPD, initiated by ischemic preconditioning, is pathogenetically justified because it triggers endogenous mechanisms of cardioprotection and metabolic adaptation.
IMPROVEMENT OF ERADICATION THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH DUODENAL ULCER ASSOCIATED WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI
Authors: Sorokman Tamila V. , Sokolnyk Snizhana V. , Moldovan Pavlo M. , Chernei Nadiia Ya. , Ostapchuk Valentuna G.
Published: February 2022

The aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the drug VitD children with H.pylori-associated duodenal ulcer.
Materials and methods: Two treatment groups of children with DU were formed: I - 60 children with H. pylori-associated DU, who received the optimal scheme of anti- Helicobacter therapy (AHBT) for Chernivtsi region; II - 62 children with H. pylori-associated DU who received a modified treatment regimen: AGBT + VitD at a dose of 2000 IU / day for 1 month. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated taking into account the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) of the adverse event and Number Needed to Treat (NNT).
Results: All children with DU and a positive H. pylori infection test showed changes in serum VitD levels: 81.9% deficiency and 18.1% insufficiency. Successful eradication was achieved in 77.1% of children, in particular in the first group 73.3%, in the second - 82.2%. Predictors of successful eradication are the duration of infection, H. pylori CagA (+), VitD level. When using the VitD treatment regimen in children with DU associated with CagA (+) strain H.pylori, RRR was observed 2.29 times (χ2 = 6.34, pφ<0.05) with NNT 1.59.
Conclusions: Due to the reduced level of serum VitD in children with H. pylori-associated DU, it is advisable to include in the treatment regimen the adjuvant component of AHBT in the form of VitD. Predictors of effective eradication of H. pylori are CagA (+) strain of H. pylori, duration of infection and VitD level.
MECHANISMS OF THE FORMATION OF MOTOR-SECRETORY DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH GERD WITH CONCOMITANT AIT
Authors: Oparin Oleksiy , Khomenko Liudmyla , Dvoyashkina Yuliia , Sergienko Olena , Kochueva Maryna , Morozova Olga , Pavlov Sergey
Published: February 2022

The aim: The aim of this work was to study the effect of thyroid hormones on motor-secretory dysfunction in patients with GERD with concomitant AIT.
Materials and methods: The study involved three groups of patients: with isolated GERD, GERD with AIT at the stage of hypothyroidism and GERD with AIT at the stage of hyperthyroidism. The control group consisted of 15 practically healthy individuals. GERD and AIT were diagnosed on the basis of ICD-10. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including ultrasound examination of the motor-evacuation function of the esophagus and stomach. Quality of life of patients was assessed by using the GIQLI questionnaire.
Results: The most expressed complaints and low quality of life are observed among patients with combined pathology. The results of pH-metry indicate more severe course of GERD among patients with concomitant AIT. The most pronounced decrease in the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter and increased regurgitation were observed in the second group.
Conclusions: 1. It was found that more reliable motor-secretory disorders were observed among patients with GERD with concomitant AIT. 2. A close correlation was established between the severity of the clinical picture, the level of increased thyroid hormones and the degree of impairment of motor-secretory disorders among patients with GERD with concomitant AIT; 3. The results obtained indicate that changes in the metabolism of thyroid hormones are one of the factors involved in the mechanisms of GERD formation.
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF DESTRUCTIVE FORMS OF APICAL PERIODONTITIS WITH OSTEOTROPIC DRUGS IN A SHORT TERM
Authors: Lysokon Yulia , Bandrivsky Yurii L. , Luchynskyi Mykhailo A.
Published: February 2022

The aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of osteotropic drugs in the treatment of destructive forms of apical periodontitis.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Lviv, Ukraine. As a result of the research, 185 patients with destructive forms of apical periodontitis (DFAP) were examined and treated. To characterize the effectiveness of treatment using criteria based on the provisions of the European Society of Endodontology. Thermometric studies of the oral mucosa were performed according to the method of L.Ye. Smolyanko and A.V. Lysovogo.
Results: After 3 months, 145 treated patients (78.38%) out of the total number of subjects belonged to the 3rd category (“failure”). At the same time, this category included the largest share of patients of groups I and II of the study - 95.67% and 95.56%, respectively. In 70.21% of patients of group III, with transferred outside the apex PRP, and in 53.19% of persons of group IV, with the use of the composition «PRP + mp3 OsteoBiol» there were no clinical signs of DFAP. It was noted that 22 (46.81%) and 14 (29.79%) patients groups III and IV had no clinical signs of DFAP and radiologically determined a decrease in the focus of bone destruction of the periapical area, which allowed them to be classified as 2 - category of success - «incomplete recovery».
Conclusions: The results of the research convincingly testify to the effectiveness of our proposed therapy for the treatment of dystrophic forms of apical periodontitis.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CERTAIN INDICES OF MINERAL METABOLISM IN CHILDREN WITH KIDNEY CALCULI
Authors: Lembryk Iryna S. , Tymoshchuk Oksana V. , Ivanyshyn Lesia Ya. , Kuzenko Oksana V. , Shlimkevych Inna V. , Holodnykh Olena A.
Published: February 2022

The aim: To study the violations of bone density indices in patients with kidney calculi.
Materials and methods: 175 children with different types of kidney calculi were examined and treated in Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children’s Consultative Polyclinics and Hospital, from 2016 to 2019 inclusively. Comprehensive metabolic panel involved by means of generally accepted biochemical methods. Sonography of the urinary tract was carried out. Voiding cystourethrography and excretory urography were performed. Bone mineral density was evaluated by means of ultrasonic densitometry. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out according to standard methods of variation statistics.
Results: In patients with kidney calculi, oxaluria and oxalate-calcium nephropathy (60.0% and 30.0%, p <0.05) occurred most frequently. Signs of syndrome of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia - postural malformation (50.0%), thoracic kyphosis (25.0%), and stigmas of dysembryogenesis (25.0%) were noticed. In the majority of children with oxalate-calcium nephropathy, levels of the bone alkaline and acid phosphatase isoenzymes in a blood serum were significantly high, indicating severity of the resorption and disorders in development of the bone tissue. In these children, decreased fraction of ionized calcium, hypomagniemia and hypophosphatemia were observed.
Conclusions: Children with oxalate-calcium nephropathy are in group of risk for osteopenic syndrome.
SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC HYSTERECTOMY FOR BENIGN GYNECOLOGICAL DISEASE IN UKRAINE
Authors: Salmanov Aidyn G. , Vitiuk Alla D. , Kovalyshyn Orusia A. , Terekhov Volodymyr A. , Patey Petro M. , Kutytska Tetiana V. , Voloshynovych Natalia S.
Published: February 2022

The aim: To obtain the first estimates of the current incidence, and risk factors for Surgical Site Infection (SSI) after laparoscopic hysterectomy, and antimicrobial resistance of responsible pathogens in Ukraine.
Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter prospective cohort study was patient-based on surveillance data for SSIs were according to CDC/NHSN methodology. This study included women’s undergoing a laparoscopic hysterectomy in 8 hospitals from different regions of Ukraine from January 2018 to December 2020.
Results: A total of 1184 women underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy and 14.9% SSI were identified within 30 days of the operation. Majority of SSI were deep/organ-space. The deep/organ-space SSI incidence rate was 9.2% in total laparoscopic hysterectomy, 15.2% in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, and 17% in laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy. The predominant SSI types were Pelvic abscess or cellulitis (19.1%), Salpingitis (16%), Oophoritis (15.3%), Adnexa utery (14.5%), Vaginal cuff infections (13.7%), Endometritis (11.1%), and Chorioamnionitis (9.9%). 93.8% of SSIs were detected post discharge. The most commonly identified pathogen were Escherichia coli (21.6%), Enterobacter spp. (13.1%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (8,1%), Streptococcus spp. (7%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%). The overall proportion of extended spectrum beta-lactamase production (ESBL) among Enterobacteriaceae was 17.1% and of methicillin-resistance in S. aureus (MRSA)15.8%. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was observed in 13.7% E.coli and 8.5% Klebsiella spp. isolates. Carbapenem resistance was in 9.7% of P.aeruginosa strains.
Conclusions: Our study identified high incidence rates of SSI within 30 days surveillance of the laparoscopic hysterectomy in Ukraine, and many cases were caused by pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics.
CHANGES IN THE STATE OF VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF ALBINO RATS AT THE BACKGROUND OF CHRONIC ROUNDUP POISONING
Authors: Oliynyk Oleksandr , Slifirczyk Anna , Oliynyk Janina
Published: February 2022

The aim: The aim of this research was the study of low dose roundup, a well-known herbicide, chronic poisoning on the state of the vegetative nervous system in albino rats.
Materials and methods: The state of vegetative nervous system was assessed by the method of variation pulsometry The two-week chronic roundup poisoning at a dose of 40 mcg/kg having been simulated on 30 albino rats.
Results: The chronic roundup poisoning was accompanied by impaired state of vegetative nervous system that revealed itself in the growing indices of variation pulsometry: tension index – 1.6 times (P<0.001), index of regulatory system activity – 1.52 times (P<0.001), vegetative balance index – 2.36 times (P<0.001), rhythm vegetative index – 1.39 times (P<0.001). Moderate regulatory system stress, requiring extra functional reserves to provide adaptation to environment, was observed. Such condition occurs in the process of adaptation to adverse environmental factors with impairing adaptive self-regulation mechanisms.
Conclusions: Internal two-week use of the roundup on albino rats in a dose of 40 mcg/kg is accompanied by functional disorders of vegetative nervous system, which reveal themselves in the growing values of variation pulsometry. The results obtained were indicative of prevailing vegetative system sympathetic division as compared with parasympathetic one, as well as of disordered regulation of vegetative nervous system tone.
SERUM LEVELS OF IL-2 AND IL-17A ARE RELATED TO CLINICAL TYPE AND SEVERITY OF ALOPECIA AREATA
Authors: Aljabali Mohammad Azhar , Kuts Larisa
Published: February 2022

The aim: To check the link between interleukins serum levels (IL-2, IL-10, IL-17A) and alopecia areata (AA) development, severity, and clinical course.
Materials and methods: Totally 104 patients with AA and 30 matched control individuals were enrolled in the study. The serum levels of IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17A were evaluated in all participants. Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) was used to assess the AA severity. The SPSS 22.0 and Python environment were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The comparative analysis has demonstrated that the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-17A in AA patients are higher than in controls (P = 0.008 and P = 0.013, respectively). The blood level of IL-2 in patients with AA depends on disease severity (P = 0.006) and clinical subtype (P = 0.016). The serum concentration of IL-17A was also associated with AA severity (P = 0.010) and subtype (P = 0.004). The positive correlation between SALT score and serum level of IL-17A (r = 0.33, P = 0.001) and IL-2 (r = 0.28, P = 0.004) was revealed. The strong positive correlation between IL-17A and IL-2 was also detected (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). There was no link between AA occurrence, manifestation and IL-10 amount. However, the weak negative correlation between SALT and IL-10 serum level was revealed (r = -0.20, P = 0.042).
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-17A are intercorrelated and associated with AA development, severity, and clinical type. The link between IL-10 serum level and AA was not detected.
SIMULATION OF APPROPRIATE RHEOVASOGRAPHIC INDICATORS OF THE FEMUR IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS OF ECTOMORPHIC SOMATOTYPE DEPENDING ON ANTHROPOMETRIC FEATURES
Authors: Khavtur Vira O. , Fedoniuk Larysa Ya. , Sarafyniuk Larysa A. , Khapitska Olga P. , Kovalchuk Olena V.
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study was to build regression models of rheovasographic parameters of the femur in volleyball players of ectomorphic somatotype depending on the features of anthropometric indicators.
Materials and methods: 113 volleyball players of a high level of sportsmanship of adolescence (from 16 to 20 years old) underwent somatotypological study according to the calculated modification of the Heath-Carter method. 26 volleyball players of ectomorphic somatotype were selected. They performed tetrapolar rheocardiography on a computer diagnostic complex according to the method of Ronkin and Ivanov to establish the indicators of peripheral hemodynamics and anthropometry according to the method of V.V. Bunak. The mathematical models were built in the package “STATISTICA 5.5” for Windows using direct stepwise regression analysis.
Results: Due to the use of multifactor regression analysis, we performed mathematical modeling of rheovasographic parameters of the femur in volleyball players of ectomorphic somatotype, which allows to determine the appropriate values of these indicators taking into account anthropometric and somatotypological features of each athlete. Linear regression equations for 16 indicators of peripheral hemodynamics were constructed from possible rheovasographic parameters of the femur. 4 models were built for time indicators (in which the indicators of the external structure of the body by 59.31 - 78.01% determine the value of the parameters of this group); for amplitude - 5 (coefficient of determination of features from 54.00 to 76.13%); for integral indicators of the rheovasogram of the femur - 7 (coefficient of determination 60.10 - 77.41%).
Conclusions: In volleyball players of ectomorphic somatotype up to 16 constructed regression models to determine the appropriate rheovasographic parameters of the femur included 94 dimensions of the external body structure, among them were often the thickness of fat folds, craniometric parameters, girth and anterior-posterior body dimensions, somatotype components.
FEATURES OF COPING STRATEGIES IN THE POPULATION DURING QUARANTINE IN CONDITIONS OF EPIDEMIC DANGER
Authors: Tabachnikov Stanislav I. , Bilobryvka Rostyslav I. , Venger Olena Р. , Rakhman Lyudmyla V. , Rokutov Serhii V. , Tkachenko Olha V. , Chuhunov Vadym V.
Published: February 2022

The aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the most common coping strategies in the population in quarantine settings.
Materials and methods: The study used the following set of methods: a general questionnaire aimed at studying socio-demographic data, living conditions during quarantine, lifestyle during quarantine, the presence of chronic diseases and psychodiagnostic methods: assessment of distress R.Kessler, assessment of the presence of manifestations of anxiety-depressive response GAD-7, depression self-assessment scale PHQ-9, stress-overcoming behavior strategies (E. Heim), as well as mathematical methods for processing the obtained data.
Results: Social and psychological characteristics of the examined were investigated, where coping strategies during the quarantine period play a role in the adaptation process and the state of the psychoemotional sphere. Non-adaptive cognitive coping was characterized by the presence of direct strong correlations with high levels of distress and high rates of anxiety and depression.
Conclusions: Quarantine restrictions are risk factors for mental health deterioration. In these settings, the interaction of stress factors with anti-stress protection components is important, among which coping strategies play a leading role.
REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH LONG-TERM AFTEREFFECTS OF MILD COMBAT TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Authors: Korshnyak V.О. , Pulyk О.R. , Stoyanov О.M.
Published: February 2022

The aim: To analyze the effect of Korean red ginseng on status of the vegetative nervous system and well-being of patients with asthenic syndrome assotiated with mild combat traumatic brain injury.
Materials and methods: We have examined 42 patients. Duration of their injury was from 4 to 6 years. We have investigated the indices of the vegetative tonus, vegetative reactivity and vegetative provisioning, its neurally mediated component – adrenaline and noradrenaline and melatonin hormone in daily urine. Some neuropsychological data were investigated with the help of HAM method (Health, Activity and Mood scale).
Results: After the treatment with Korean red ginseng all indices of the vegetative nervous system improved significantly. Accordingly, the rates of adrenaline and noradrenaline and the hormone melatonin, which were reduced before treatment in most of the examined, increased. The HAM values also improved after the treatment.
Conclusions: The use of Korean red ginseng restores efficiency, sleep, activity, and improves the mood of patients with aftereffects of mild traumatic brain injury and does not cause any adverse reaction.
Contaminación por microplásticos en playas del Pacífico de Guatemala: abundancia y características
Authors: Mazariegos-Ortíz Carlos , García-Arroyave Luis , Marroquín-Mora Carolina , Mendizábal Ana L.
Published: February 2022

La contaminación por microplásticos (MPs) de tamaño menor a 5 mm ha tomado relevancia en los últimos años debido a su impacto en los ecosistemas. En Guatemala, se carece de información relacionada con MPs, por lo que este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la abundancia y características de MPs en cuatro playas del Pacífico de Guatemala, Ocós, Tulate, Sipacate y Las Lisas. Se colectaron muestras de arena en mayo y octubre de 2019. Los MPs se aislaron y se clasificaron por forma, y el tipo de polímero se identificó a través de un equipo de espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (ATR-FTIR). La abundancia expresada en MPs/m2 en mayo fue de 25.6, 5.6, 0.8 y 0 MPs/m2 para Tulate, Las Lisas, Ocós y Sipacate; mientras que en octubre fue de 59.6, 23.2, 17.6 y 17.6 MPs/m2 en Tulate, Ocós, Las Lisas y Sipacate. Fragmentos, foam, pellets y láminas fueron las formas predominantes de MPs que se encontraron en las playas. El análisis por ATR-FTIR muestra que los principales polímeros identificados en las playas son polietileno, poliestireno y polipropileno. Los resultados de este estudio indican que las playas del Pacífico de Guatemala están contaminadas por MPs de diferentes tipos de polímeros. Además, estos resultados ofrecen información importante a los responsables de la toma de decisiones sobre la eliminación y el manejo de la basura plástica marina.
Eficiencia de solubilización de fósforo de aislados nativos guatemaltecos de Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Ruiz-Chutan Jose A. , Berdúo-Sandoval Julio E. , Sacbajá Anibal , Kalousová Marie , Lojka Bohdan , Fernandez Eloy , Žiarovská Jana , Sanchez-Perez Amilcar
Published: February 2022

El fósforo (P) es un elemento esencial en la producción agrícola, pero debido a su compleja dinámica en el suelo, solo una pequeña cantidad es aprovechable para las plantas, ya que la mayoría del P se encuentra en formas insolubles, especialmente, en suelos Andisoles de origen volcánico. Los microorganismos con capacidad solubilizadora de fósforo (MSF) son una alternativa para transformar el P a formas solubles y aprovechables por las plantas; además de brindar múltiples beneficios ambientales. Este trabajo identificó y evaluó in vitro, aislados nativos de Pseudomonas fluorescens Mingula, obtenidos de regiones guatemaltecas con suelos Andisoles que limitan la producción agrícola por la alta fijación de P. Se realizaron cultivos in vitro de la bacteria en medio National Botanical Research Institute's phosphate growth (NBRIP), con fosfato tricálcico Ca3(PO4)2 como fuente de P insoluble y se midió el índice de solubilización de fósforo (ISF). Un total de 35 aislados de P. fluorescens fueron identificados y confirmados por PCR específico. El análisis de relaciones genéticas con el marcador AFLP, mostró dos grupos: el grupo A incluyó a los aislados con ISF mayores a 1.75, mientras el grupo B incluyó a aquellos con ISF menor a 1.75. La comparación de ISF entre los aislados y departamentos, demostró diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < .001), con el aislado Pf_33 como más eficiente. Debido al potencial de solubilización de los aislados nativos del grupo genético A (ISF > 1.75), estos se recomiendan para futuras investigaciones que determinen su respuesta a condiciones de campo y estrategias para el desarrollo de biofertilizantes.
Identificación del fenotipo de inestabilidad microsatelital en carcinoma colorrectal mediante el análisis de la expresión de proteínas reparadoras del ADN: Revisión narrativa
Authors: Rodas-Pernillo Orlando , Oregón Edith
Published: February 2022

El carcinoma colorrectal (CCR) es de las primeras causas de mortalidad del mundo, presentando Guatemala una incidencia anual de 7.4/millón de habitantes. El síndrome de Lynch se caracteriza clínicamente por un inicio temprano del CCR con lesiones causadas por alteraciones en genes que codifican proteínas reparadoras. Los microsatélites son regiones del ADN con una unidad repetitiva de uno o más nucleótidos y son susceptibles a errores durante la replicación de ADN de los enterocitos. Existe un sistema de reparación que corrige estos errores. Cuando las proteínas reparadoras de este sistema están mutadas o ausentes, dichos errores del ADN persisten. Estas proteínas reparadoras se expresan en el núcleo de las células colónicas normales y son detectables utilizando estudios de inmunohistoquímica (IHQ). Los genes MLH1 y MSH2 pueden encontrarse mutados en el 90% de los casos de cáncer colorrectal y el resto corresponde a MSH6 y PMS2. Esta vía oncogénica se caracteriza por alteración del sistema de reparación de errores durante la replicación del ADN, controlado por los genes MMR (mismatch repair), principalmente MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 y PMS2. Se realizó una revisión extensa de la literatura en PubMed, Springer y JAMA, usando las palabras clave: fenotipo de CCR, Síndrome de Lynch e inestabilidad microsatelital, detectándose 55 artículos. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir la importancia de la identificación del fenotipo del CCR por medios de IHQ y de pruebas moleculares para el eficaz tratamiento con inmunoterapia anti-PD1/PD-L1.
Donald Trump’s Aggressive and Offensive Language Before and After His Inauguration Speeches: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Al Dilaimy Hazim , Al-Rawe Marwah , Suleiman Samar
Published: February 2022

This paper explores selected aggressive and offensive spoken or written discourse material used by the American ex-president Donald Trump at different periods of time during his rule as the United States of America president. The data analysis model will be mainly conducted within the terminology and framework of Van Dijk’s model of critical discourse analysis (henceforth CDA). The research has adopted ten ideological categories to reveal the extent of power, racism and racial discrimination. The current study has mainly investigated how language is structured to show various meanings that indicate the relation of power used in social contexts. The study also tries to show the role of CDA in analyzing elements of power and hegemony and how language users operate them to achieve the goal of successful communication among participants. The abuse is resulted from the use of power as exercised by language users. The way language is perceived and manipulated can identify ideologies imposed by speakers, resulting in controlling addressees through power dominance.  The primary objective of this research is to demonstrate the extent to which social power, abuse, and other unpleasant expressions are used in Trump’s political speeches. The research indicates that the majority of Trump’s spoken or written speech methods contain aspects of language that violate social norms and convey a sense of authority and superiority over other addressees.
Exploring the Motivation Orientations for Learning Arabic as L2 Based on Self Determination Theory
Authors: JAMA OMAR
Published: February 2022

The number of enrollment in Arabic language classes in the last two decades experienced a remarkable spike worldwide. Hence, exploring students’ motivation in learning Arabic language as L2 has gained considerable scholarly attention in various contexts. This study aims to explore the motivation orientations of Arabic language learners at King Khalid University based on Self-determination Theory ( SDT). A total of 52 students of Arabic, in the first and second year, were randomly selected. A 19-item questionnaire based on SDT was administrated to the participants via online. A principle component analysis was primarily employed (PCA) to categorize the questionnaire items into distinctive and latent factors. The results yielded four distinctive motivation orientations ,with an eigenvalue greater than one for each. In addition, categorial analysis was employed to analysis an open-ended item. The categorial analysis highlighted that religious reasons for learning of learning Arabic is the most frequently reported reason for learning Arabic as l2 among this population. Moreover, the results showed that religious identity and religious  motives have a latent role in determining the students’ overall motivation orientations in learning Arabic. Also, the results showed that demotivating factors could possibly exist among learners of Arabic in the Saudi context.
A personalized Reflection on Online Education in Morocco: Pedagogical Gains and Pittfalls
Authors: Bachiri Housseine
Published: February 2022

This paper aspires to provide a reflection, inspired from personal experience, on online education at the university level in Morocco. The data has been gathered by means of recently published literature on online education to enable the researcher to be at a better position to critically evaluate concepts, methodologies and teaching approaches in tandem with online education. The use of information technology to publicly promote the renewal and revival of education in general and teaching in particular is a blatant epistemological marker of our education model’s progress in terms of digitalization and computerization of educational resources via different robust national programs, such as MARWAN (2002), GENIE (2005), NAFIDA (2008), INJAZ (2009) and LAWHATI (2015). In fact, this has given rise to emerging technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data (BD) and the Internet of Things (IOT). In this regard, it must be noted that the current Moroccan education system exhibits diversified online education trends both in form and content, and thus this new paradigm of learning abundantly introduces various types of intelligent education systems and platforms that emerge on a perpetual basis. Owing to this conscious online shift, both the class content and the learning context of students can be tracked and monitored at any time, which is directly conducive to fathoming out the individualization and differentiation of students in a timely manner.
The application of Audio Articulation Method to rehabilitate/u/উ// Sound in tertiary level students of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammad
Published: February 2022

The target of this paper incorporates rehabilitation of /u/ sound in Bangladeshi adult speakers of English in classroom practice. The phoneme /u/ is a short vowel and /u:/, a long vowel in English phonemic inventory. But long and short vowel distinction is not a phonemic feature in Bangla. That is why, many Bengali speakers of English pronounce /u/উ/ in both the cases as there is /উ /u/ sound in Bengali language.  This creates problem for the listeners specifically the native speakers to understand the speech of the Bengali adult speakers of English and the comprehensibility level of their pronunciation is very low. The researcher, from his practical experience, finds that Phonological establishment of /উ /u/ sound in the tertiary level students of Bangladesh is one of the main reasons of this problem. This paper is a pedagogically designed lesson plan to rehabilitate the fossilized /u/উ / sound in Bengali speakers by applying Audio Articulation Method in the class hour. By operating various kinds of drills such as, interaction drill, substitution drills, minimal pairs, tongue twister etc in the class hour, the teachers can conduct the class to rehabilitate the fossilized sounds in the learners and both the trainers and trainees in Bangladesh can get the chance to defossilize  the fossilized sound by these  drillings.
Eliminating Language Barriers in Public Health Communication via Machine-Aided Translation (MAT) and Sociolinguistic Analysis
Authors: VILLANUEVA JOEY
Published: February 2022

COVID 19 has continued to evolve and become very dangerous to public health. The Philippine government was consistent in making efforts to remind the people about virus control using various forms of media and communication platforms. English was used in delivering messages which were generally foreign to some Filipino people. This research paper has attempted to translate pervasive words via Machine-aided Translation (MAT) and linguistically analyzed in terms of the relationship between language structure and use. Conceptualization of meanings in the fields of diglossia, phonology, morphology, and orthography involving two languages (English and Filipino) were used in different conditions. The phenomenological research design was utilized to generate essential data through online interviews and review of multimedia and non-formal narratives. Purposive sampling procedure was employed in the selection of respondents and words were identified based on the frequency of use in a day-to-day communication. Results suggest that the use of English in delivering messages has prevented individuals to perceive the meaning of pervasive words and being unable to interact and collaborate with others. Translation techniques and sociolinguistic analysis have eliminated language barriers and provided clear transmission lines in public health communication.