bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FPGA Based Bone Fracture Detector
Authors: Abdullah Hiba-Allah Tariq , Younis Basma MK.
Published: March 2020

Medical imaging was existed as a new domain of research for the treatment of images that can be easily improved, cut and exposed. The proposed technique aims at detecting the objects’ boundaries of noisy images by means of the information on the images of X-ray. Since medical images are made up of noise, and since the edges of the bone make it difficult to detect, edge detection technology has been a key tool in discovering and improving these edges. The edges are changes in the intensity of the lighting of the image. Among several methods for edge detection, the Sobel method is used in this research paper as it is the most famous operator used in the algorithms of detection edges. The algorithms of image processing have been confined to the implementation of slow software due to the limited speed of the processor. As such, a dedicated processor for edge detection was designed and implemented. The results were compared with those arrived at by MATLAB. They were found out to be the same as those of implementation on FPGA which showed the way that Sobel edge detection can assist in determining the location of the fractures in X-ray images. A speedup of approximately 153.8586 can be obtained by Spartan3E FPGA XC3S500E kit system over the software implementation.
Real-Time Driver Awareness Detection System
Authors: Mohammed A Z , Mohammed E A , Aaref A M
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, drowsiness is the major reason for many road accidents. Due to this fact, different attempts have been made to successfully detect fatigue. In this paper, a computer vision method has been presented to determine the presence of fatigue in a driver’s face. A way for fatigue recognition through the exploitation of facial features has been proposed. A landmark algorithm has been used to finds the marks of the eye edge and then calculate Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), which is the main threshold parameter to judge whether the driver is sleeping or not. A new approach has been proposed to calculate EAR, which gives more accurate results than the common method. The results illustrate that the proposed method gives maximum detection fluctuation of (0.18), while the common method gives (0.33) detection fluctuation, the proposed system gives robustness against noise, so it can detect face and gives a decision for driver awareness with a noise level of (130) dB. An OpenCV library for image processing and Dlib library for feature extraction with the python IDLE has been utilized.
Failure Pressure Prediction in Oil Transfer Pipe Lines with Incomplete Penetration and Undercut Welding Defects
Authors: Salih N A , Jasim R J , Jasim H S
Published: March 2020

The main target of the current study is the assessment of API 5L X52 pipe line containing lack of penetration and undercut welding defects and to study the influence of the defect length and depth on the failure pressure of the pipeline. The failure pressure is calculated by using Finite element software ANSYS ver19. The results from finite element analysis are used to train an artificial neural network for easily predicting the failure pressure with a wide range of defect depths and lengths. Also the results obtained were also used in the regression analysis to find equations linking the maximum pressure to the defects dimensions. The results revealed a Good agreement between finite element modeling and the experimental tests, theoretical values and available design codes with maximum average error of (13.4%). The failure pressure varied significantly as a function of the defect length and depth.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Laser Surface Melting by Using Enthalpy Method
Authors: Alwan Abbas S. , Fayyadh Sameer K. , Ismaiel Majid H.
Published: March 2020

In this study, experimental and numerical applied of heat distribution due to pulsed Nd: YAG laser surface melting. Experimental side was consists of laser parameters are, pulse duration1.3ms, wavelength 1064nm, laser energies 1.5, 2. 6 and 4.3 J, laser beam diameter is 0.6 mm and spot diameter 0.78 mm was applied a low carbon steel type St37 with a dimension 10, 10, 3 mm, length, width and thickness respectively. Numerical analysis side consist of a mathematical model and calculating a thermal cycle by using equation in the enthalpy method applied to determine the cooling rate in fusion zone. The simulation by using the enthalpy method, applied on conduction heat transfer to estimate the cooling rate model in fusion zone and heat affected zones. Cooling rates models are helping to estimate the microstructure and micro hardness distribution in fusion and heat affected zones. The complication of the heat transfer in laser surface melting process, because at in rapid solidification, therefore the enthalpy model is more appropriate for this case. The result shows that increases of laser energy lead to decrease cooling rates and increase width and penetration of fusion zone, also decrease micro hardness in fusion zone and we found an increase in the pool size of fusion and heat affected zones.
Theoretical Study of the Film Boiling Heat Transfer of Different Nanofluids on the Vertical Heated Surface
Authors: Jehhef Kadhum Audaa , Aun Salah Haji Abid , Siba Mohamed Abed Al Abas
Published: March 2020

The use of boiling nanofluids for cooling high-temperature perorating surfaces allows intensifying considerably the process of cooling by increasing the heat transfer coefficient nanofluid compared to the pure base fluid. A significant influence on the intensity of heat transfer during the boiling of nanofluid will turn out properties of nanoparticles and their concentration in the base fluid, under heating of base fluid to saturation temperature. In this study, the mathematical model of the numerical solution and the results of the simulation calculation of characteristics of film boiling of Al2O3, CuO, ZnO, TiO2, ZrO2 and SiO2 water nanofluid for various nanoparticles concentration φ∞ of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) Water nanofluid on the vertical heated wall were presented. The theoretical results obtained allow us to estimate the influence of physical properties of nanofluids on heat and mass transfer during cooling low-temperature surfaces. It is shown that the greatest impact on the processes heat and mass transfer during film boiling nanofluids overheating of the wall depended upon the ratio of temperatures, Brownian diffusion, and concentration of nanoparticles in a base fluid. Also, the results showed that the use of nanofluids as coolants for heat exchange equipment in the mode of supercritical heat exchange increases the heat transfer and accelerate the process of cooling high-temperature surfaces. Increasing the concentration of nanoparticles in the nanofluids will contribute to a greater increase in heat transfer in the supercritical heat transfer due to the low thermal capacity of steam compared to that fluid conductivity. While increasing the nanoparticle concentration will lead to an increase in the effective viscosity of the nanofluids.
Effect of wood ash additive on the thermal stresses of random fiberglass/polyester composite pipes
Authors: Tariq Sarmad Ziyad , Abdullah Fadhel Abbas
Published: March 2020

Experimental and numerical investigations of the effect of wood ash additive on the thermal stresses of random fiberglass/polyester composite pipes were presented in this work. The experimental work includes manufacturing of pipe specimens (50% Vf wood ash/polyester composite pipe, 50% Vf random fiberglass (Mat)/polyester composite pipe and 25% Vf wood ash and 25% Vf random fiberglass (Mat)/polyester composite pipe) by resin casting method and building a test rig to study the behaviour of these pipe specimens under thermal loads. Pipe specimens had inner diameter of 90mm and 400mm in length. The wall thickness is 5mm. The current work includes also manufacturing tensile test specimens which were examined by tensile device and manufacturing thermo mechanical test specimens which were examined by thermo mechanical analyser (TMA) to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion of the specimens. In numerical work, ANSYS was used as mechanical simulation software with SHELL63 element type. The results showed that adding wood ash to the random fiberglass/polyester composite pipe leads to decrease in its longitudinal stress, hoop stress and von mises stress, however increases the element temperature withstand. The numerical solution gave a good agreement results with the experimental work with maximum difference between experimental and numerical strain ranging was between (9.3%) to (17.7%) and maximum difference between experimental and numerical stress was ranging between (14.1%) to (17.75%).
Effects of Annealing Process on the WO3 Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Yousif Ali A. , Khudadad Ameer I.
Published: March 2020

This work presents a study of the effect of annealing temperature on the optical and structural properties of WO3 that has been deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method at 300°C on the rules of glass and indicates the effect of annealing temperatures 350, 450 and 550°C for one hour on those properties. The results of X-Ray diffraction showed all the films prepared with the installation of multi-crystalline tetragonal and directional prevalent (010) for all models after annealing. The annealing led to an increase in the grain size. Full width at half maximum FWHM values of the (010) peaks of these films decreased from 1.492° to 1.064° with increasing annealing temperature, and the highest value of the specific surface area was 63 m2/gm. The natural structure of the WO3 nanoparticles films were studied by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), it revealed that the average grain size increased with increasing of annealing temperature from 46.57 to 485.1nm. The optical features of the films were studied by Photoluminescence PL, the results gave one emission peaks located at 437 nm, and there was a red shift when the annealing temperatures were increased.
Enhancement of Gasoline Fuel Quality with Commercial Additives to Improve Engine Performance
Authors: Hadi Ali Shukur , Ahmed Omer Khalil , Ali Obed Majeed
Published: March 2020

In this study, a comparison was made to evaluate fuel properties and engine performance when using local gasoline fuel MU0 with two types of commercial fuel optimizer. MU1 (1/200 addition ratio of commercial additive U1 with local gasoline MU0), and MU2 (1/100 addition ratio of commercial additive U2 with local gasoline MU0) was investigated in addition to commercial enhanced gasoline MU3. Local gasoline MU0 has been adopted as a threshold for comparison. Performance tests conducted in a single-cylinder four stroke sparkignition engine using fuel samples (MU0, MU1, MU2, MU3) at engine speed range from 1200 to 2800 rpm with increment of 400 rpm and open throttle valve100% (WOT). The results showed an increased octane number and viscosity of fuel MU1 by about (3.49%, 16.92%) respectively, and reduction in the heating value by about 19.4%, with addition U1. Increase heating value and viscosity of fuel MU2 by about (1.68%, 22.31%), with addition U2. As well as, increase brake power by about (4%, 16%) at 2800 rpm with MU2 and MU3 respectively compared to local gasoline MU0. In addition, brake specific fuel consumption reduced with fuel MU3 and increased with (MU1, MU2). The brake thermal efficiency was enhanced with fuel MU1 and MU3 and the better improvement obtained for MU1 by about 22.47% at 2400 rpm.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling Study for the Thermal Performance of the Pin Fins Under Different Parameters
Authors: Al-khafaji Osamah R , Alabbas Audai H
Published: March 2020

Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD modeling study was carried out to investigate the effect of the pin fins arrangements over the flat plate heat sink. The pin fins were adopted with in-line array form over the surface of the heat sink with different parameters. The CFD domain was designed by the use of ANSYS FLUENT 2019 R1 commercial software. The Reynolds Average Naiver Stoke RANS turbulent model was used in this study to show accurately capture the effect of alternating acceleration and deceleration and consequent variations in the pressure field. The heat sink is in a rectangular shape with a rib length of 100mm and100mm. This CFD investigation included a simulation of the proposed heat sink under the forced convection with Reynolds number range of 2166.67 ∼ 19500 and subjected heat flux of 1000W/m2. Pin fins diameters range were 3, 6 and 9mm while the fin lengths range were 5, 10 and 15mm under the same the heat flux and Reynolds number. The predicted results showed an augmentation in the Nusslte number values of the finned heat sink as compared to the flat one. Moreover, this enhancement was associated with the increase of the applied Reynolds number. It was found that the best thermal performance of the heat sink was conducted for the fin length of 15mm and fin diameter of 9mm.
Numerical Modeling of Thermal Radiation Heat Transfers in Agricultural Greenhouse
Authors: Audaa Jehhef Kadhum , Sattar Khdair Mohamed Abedle , Jabbar Thajeel Kareem
Published: March 2020

The effects caused by convection and radiation heat transfer on the distribution of temperature, airflow and heat transfer in a greenhouse containing a heated solid block are studied numerically. Differential governing equations of the system are analyzed by utilized the finite volume method and the coupling of pressure-velocity is handled by the algorithm of SIMPLER. The systems algebraic equations are resolved by the conjugated of the gradient method. The greenhouse is supposed of an aspect ratio of A = 1.5, and the numerical results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt number for the range of Rayleigh numbers between 103and 106. For the case of inlet airflow, the mixed convection of the airflow of in a greenhouse formed by two walls lateral and a roof with two symmetrical slopes were studied. The heating conditions of the walls for the greenhouse was taken as (Tcfor the floor and Tffor the roof, with Tc> Tf), with openings of the cold air inlet is left-walled and the outlet is so the symmetry of right walls. The Prandtl number is set at 0.702 (for the case of air). Several situations have been considered for Rayleigh number and solid block height at fixed Reynolds number at Re = 100. The results showed that the Rayleigh number has important effect on the performance of the flow and thermal structure. Also, the isotherms and current lines is effected by varying the solid block height. In addition the local and medium Nusselt number along the hot wall increased with increasing the Rayleigh number and solid block height.
Enhancing the Feedforward –Feedback Controller for Nonlinear Overhead Crane Using Fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Al-saedi Mazin I.
Published: March 2020

Due to the demand for transportation of masses and products in power stations, factories, and offshores, the overhead cranes are commonly used to do these tasks. It has necessary that, it should be safely, quickly and accurately as possible as without collision or highly swinging, or in other words saving time and reduce costs. If an operator runs manually the crane more time required, in addition many larger companies create automatized crane like a milling machine. Although, there are many researchers have suggested many controllers, this subject is still a challenge for the designer. The suddenly change of loads or the air streams or even the flexibility change of cable of cranes working in foundries may cause disturbance and variation in the control parameters. However, in this paper a new feedforward and feedback controller has designed to move the crane as fast as possible with small angle of oscillation firstly, then a Fuzzy logic controller has added to gather to the controller for enhancing the efficiency of the system. Finally, the MATLAB-Simulink models have been implemented for analysis and simulation of the suggested controller. The achieved results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, the proposed methods have robustness to cope with parameters variations.
Study of the mechanical and physical properties of bio-composite material based on wheat starch and wheat straw fibers
Authors: Abbass O A , Salih A I , Al Hurmuzy O M
Published: March 2020

Natural fiber reinforced bio-composites are taking a big role in various sections around the world such as industry, construction, and health section. In this study, a bio-composite material based on wheat starch matrix and natural wheat fibers is prepared. Five different specimens with following fiber contents 50,54.5,58.3,61.5, and 64.2% by weight are added to wheat starch matrix. Mechanical and physical tests are performed for different fiber weight contents. Charpy impact test results showed that impact energy is decreasing with increase in fiber content. Three-point deflection test data show that as higher fiber content as higher flexural stress is obtained. Shore D hardness test results show that the hardness values increase as fiber content increase. Water uptake test results showed that water absorption also decreases by increasing fiber content. An optical investigation is performed to calculate the average length and width of chopped fibers used as reinforcement. The average length and width of fibers were found to be 5.73mm and the average width is 0.38mm.
Analysing the efficient use of solar energy in an automatic vertical rotary car parking system
Authors: Khudhur Dhamyaa Saad , Sa’ad-Aldeen Afreen E. , MatterNasser Layla
Published: March 2020

The objectives of the experimental investigation, to survey existing parking system and select suitable lift mechanism when design components of lift. In the present research, the main concern is to study the efficient use of solar energy in vertical rotary car parking system and choose the optimal car parking with minimal available area. Present design depends on chain and sprocket mechanism for leading the parking prototype and motor for powering the system working with solar photovoltaic (PV). In this work, the prototype is tested and done analysing to promote the parking land at tricky places and convoluted trade places. The possibility of implementing the project inside Iraq is possible, relying on young Iraqi cadres. The model was programmed on a miniature rotary vertical position. The cost of implementing this project in Iraq is the most appropriate cost compared to neighbouring countries. This is in order to ensure the success of the project as a modern style of new technology to serve the citizens and add a civilized touch to the cities.
Prediction of outlet water temperature from cooling towers
Authors: Mashaf Adel K , Alaskraree Ekram H
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a very accurate method for water temperature prediction of outlet water from counter flow of cooling tower. This method was derived from the method of [hc A/Cpm] which is called NTU (Number of Transfer Units). The effect of the water and air mass flow rate, wet bulb temperature of the inlet air, outlet water temperature, tower range, and temperature approach have been studied. The results of comparison between the presented and the NTU methods show a very good match when the outlet water temperature is between 29 and 45°C and a difference reaches to 7.23% between 26 and 28°C. Another very good match has been noticed when the air mass flow rate is between 15.6 and 16.5 kg/s with difference reaches to 2.5 % when the air mass flow rate is between 10 and 15 kg/s. The last very good match has been noticed when the water mass flow rate is between 17.5 and 19 kg/s with the difference reaches to 1.2% when the water mass flow rate is (10 - 17 kg/s).
Thermal Modelling of Hydraulic System using an Expert Program
Authors: Ghadhban Safaa A. , Maid Isbeyeh W. , Atiyah Intesar k.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this work to estimate oil temperature of hydraulic circuit that leads to affect the efficiency of the system. An expert system is built depending on the available knowledge. This model is generated in a computer program named “Thermal Analysis of Hydraulic System (TAHS)”. The program is used to calculate partial power losses at different components of hydraulic system (pump, motor, valves, cylinder, pipe and fittings). The expert system is capable to estimate oil temperature and power loss with different types of (pumps, oils, circuits and actuator dimension). The chosen experimental conditions are oil flow rate, setting pressure, ambient temperature and duty time. The model is validated experimentally and with other works. The results show an acceptable agreement with average deviation about 2.6% & 6.4% respectively.
Welding of ferritic stainless steel plate using austenitic stainless steel electrode
Authors: Hussein Adhraa , Al-Joubori Ahmed
Published: March 2020

In this study, microstructure and phase transformation of ferritic stainless steel plate 405 using austenitic stainless steel 309-16L electrode was explained. Shielded Metal Arc Welding SMAW was used. Optical microscopy OM and scanning electron microscopy SEM were conducted to evaluate the morphology and structure of weld metal and heat-affected zone. X-ray diffraction also used to determine the crystal structure that developed during welding of bcc crystal structure and fcc crystal structure. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS was used to evaluate the chemistry of the element. Microhardness was conducted in this research to determine the effect of alloying element on the mechanical properties of the joint.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Low-Power Transfer for Medical Implant Devices
Authors: Hussain Mustafa Adil , Gharghan Sadik Kamel , Hamood Haider Qasim
Published: March 2020

Wireless power transfer (WPT) in medical implanted devices (MIDs) has received significant interest from both academic and the medical industry. These systems have suffered from battery-life that must be charged or replaced. Also, some implant devices are large, leading them to be uncomfortable. In addition, the device may interact with internal tissues, which may lead to reactions that affect the patient. This paper aims to produce a small MID operated by WPT to transmit vital signs (i.e., temperature) to an external station to ensure that the device does not affect the patient’s body. The proposed system used a flat spiral coil as a transmitter and a multi-layer copper wire coil as the receiver coil. The transmitter circuit was implanted inside a rabbit’s body. The temperature of the rabbit was sent using the nRF24L01 transceiver to the external monitoring station. The system reached an efficiency and power of 23.37% and 1.98 W respectively on 50 Ω load resistors. The proposed system was acceptable due to the small size of the coil, which provides a sufficient reception at a distance of 3 cm, exceeding the required power to operate the MID (i.e., 73 mW) and send data correctly.
Implementation of wireless sensor network for medical applications
Authors: Hassaballah Hayder J , Fayadh Rashid A
Published: March 2020

There is an important requirement for additional cost-effective solutions for the supervision/monitoring of a patient’s tests during and after surgery or old patient as whenever the patient is at home or in the hospital. Advanced sensors combined with wireless communication can provide reduced expenses, improved observance, and higher life quality for the patient. In this paper, the Prototype will be developed for initial control of the basic vital functions of the patient’s body, whether patients of old age or even patients who are in hospital. This prototype is designed in a way to be effective and suitable for mobility because it is lightweight and can be carried by humans’ arm. Wireless communication using technology for 433 MHz through the product of HC-12 has many advantages including the distance up to 1000 meters as a wireless transmission range and several channels of 433.4 - 473 MHz, up to 100 communication channels. This prototype is developed, designed and tested with the primary version of a biomedical detector network for the long run wireless hospital and home care. The sensor network comprised of four completely different sensors and was tested in exceedingly hospital surroundings.
Auto Analysis of Defibrillation Process Based on Wavelet Transform
Authors: Emad Mayss , Ajel Ahmed R.
Published: March 2020

Sudden cardiac arrest is a situation in which the heart stop pumping the blood. Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are the major causes that lead to cardiac arrest. To treat sudden cardiac, a defibrillator device is used to return the heart to its normal sinus rhythm. There are several types of defibrillator, such as the manual type, which has many disadvantages since it requires the physician‘s instruction to determine the patient state and the amount of joule required; therefore, it is preferable to use auto defibrillator. In this paper propose to design a flyback converter which is the basic part of the defibrillator with a controller in feedback which can make a comparison between normal and abnormal ECG signals and give appropriate decision to defibrillator, simultaneously, the source of ECG signals will be taken from Physio bank database, then processed in Matlab for removing different types of noise and get a peak of signal, heart rate, in order to determine the patient state and required level of the shock. This design has accuracy 95 % with an error detection rate 5%.
Design and Implementation of Smart E-Health System Based on Cloud Computing to Monitor the Vital Signs in Real-Time and Measurements Validation
Authors: Ali Abbas Abd , Hussein Ali Adnan , Al-Askery Ali J
Published: March 2020

Wearable devices used to monitor patients are classified as part of mobile health, one of the branches of e-health. They are widely used to monitor the vital signs of patients outside of the health institutions environment. The aim of this paper is to design a device that can be worn at low cost and of small size to provide comfort to the patient. The accuracy of this device should be high compared to the benchmark. Also, this study takes into account real-time remote monitoring based on the wireless sensor network and cloud computing where cloud computing is integrated with the Internet of Things to solve the problem of the flow of the huge amount of data. The Wearable Remote Vital Signs Monitoring System (WRVSMS) was manufactured by a printed circuit board, where the ESP01, MAX30100, NTC, OLED, and Li-ion battery were used. The WRVSMS was connected to the cloud server via the HTTP protocol where the data was stored and analysed. The WRVSMS works on basis the combining data of vital signs through which the stakeholders to whom the alert is sent will be assigned based on the patient‘s case where the alert will be sent, which is short message to the stakeholders that are important in rescuing the patient when the patient‘s vital signs are outside threshold. The results showed that the device is 99.37% accurate and statistical analysis was performed to test the error.
Optimal Fuzzy Logic Control for Temperature Control Based on Social Spider Optimization
Authors: Ghanim Tahani , Ajel Ahmed R. , Humaidi Amjad j.
Published: March 2020

Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is useful for many applications like industrial, home, military and medical applications, so one of main application is temperature control of A proposed controller combines the advantages of controller structure and fuzzy inference for air heater temperature control applications. The input variables of the PDFLC-SSO are error and change of error, while its output is the control signal. PDFLC-SSO has seven membership functions. These functions are triangular shaped. Centroid method (CM) is selected for the defuzzification process. The universe of discourse range is used from (-1 to 1) for each input and output. Temperature heater model was utilized to test the controller; the gain factors was tuned using trial and error method and SSO algorithm to reach the optimum response with minimum settling time, minimum peak overshoot and minimum Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE). Carried out simulations showed an average improvement in measurements using ITAE. ITAE is 7.46% for a constant set-value using PDFLC-SSO, while it is 9.55 for a constant set-value using PDFLC.
A Survey on Detection and Prediction Methods for Sleep Apnea
Authors: Chyad Mustafa Habeeb , Gharghan Sadik Kamel , Hamood Haider Qasim
Published: March 2020

Sleep disorders are common health issues that can affect the multiple aspects of life. Sleep apnea (SA) is the most common sleep disorder, and it is described as a reduction or cessation of airflow to the lungs during sleep. This disorder is usually diagnosed and tested using polysomnography (PSG) in a special laboratory. However, this method is costly, inconvenient, time consuming, often causes anxiety for the patient, and the equipment cannot be moved from the lab. There are several methods suggested to address these shortcomings, including testing and analysis at the patient‘s home and the sleep laboratory, by using sensors to detect physiological signals that can be automatically analysed based on specific algorithms. The purpose of this study was to explore the previous works related to SA in such a way that highlights the methods of detection or diagnoses that use different sensors. The researcher aimed to adopt algorithms and make a comparison between those works to explain the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of SA detection and prediction. This review was conducted to provide information for those researchers who want to implement algorithms for detection and predication of sleep apnea event (SAE). Limitations and challenges are also discussed.
Study of the Random Growth Areas of Some Residential Areas in Kut City Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Abrahim Baydaa Ismail , Suliman Salih , Kareem Jebur Kshash Ahmed
Published: March 2020

With the advent of the housing problem in Kut city, many residents have resorted to set up informal housing scheme to achieve the need for housing. This has a significant urban, environmental and social impact on those residents. This research focuses on the impact of unplanned growth of urban areas on the environmental behavior. The phenomenon of random or informal housing is one of the most negative urban phenomena facing larger cities because of the burden on the processes of economic and social development. In Kut city, there are a lot of scattered areas such as Al-Hakim1, Al-Hakim2, Al-Jawadeen neighborhood, etc. Most of these areas were agricultural, areas for military use and vacant lands then they were encroached upon by the indiscriminate residential encroachment which has a negative impact on them. GIS is used to study the temporal and spatial changes of this phenomenon from 2005 to 2017 and to estimate the percentage of change of each period and the disparity in the areas of random overtaking between other areas.
Evaluate Resistance of Warm Asphalt Mixtures to Rutting
Authors: Asmael Noor M , Fattah Mohammed Y. , Kadhim Abdalmhiman J.
Published: March 2020

WMA is a new technology, which is based on reduced temperature for mixing, and compaction of asphalt mixture, like any pavement material, testing the compatibility of this technology with domestically obtainable material is essential. The objective of the current research is to assist Iraqi establishments in addressing the issues related to resistance to rutting when adopting this technology. An intensive study on the performance of WMA mixtures with local materials was carried out. Job mix formulas with 12.5 mm and 25 mm aggregate size were chosen for HMA and WMA. One WMA technology was used which is an organic additive; two additives were used Asphaltan A® and Asphaltan B®. All the mixture types are testes and compared with each other. The rutting sensitivity of the mixtures is evaluated using Wheel Track test. From the results, for surface mixtures, rut depth is directly proportional to WMA additive content. For base mixtures, more Asphaltan A® leads to more rut depth, but more Asphaltan B® leads to less rut depth. Permanent deformation results of all mixtures, WMA and HMA mixtures are within the acceptable criteria.
The effect of high commercial buildings on microclimate for hot climate cities
Authors: Hyader Safa Sadeq , Hassan Susan Abed
Published: March 2020

Last decades cities were rapidly growing and continuously changes, the growth of population was increased and life conditions changes. Urban formation for cities changes accordingly, which includes land uses, the geometry of buildings, the heights and density for the built area changes. There is a research gap in studying the effect of high commercial buildings on microclimate for hot climate cities, which represented the research problem. To solve this problem research studied the effect of high commercial buildings on microclimate for Baghdad city, as an example for hot climate city comparing to original residential buildings land use, by using ENVIMET 4.4.2 software and analyze results. The result showed that high commercial buildings contributed in rising average air temperature as compared to residential buildings especially at night time. Also it decreased relative humidity during the day and night periods. While the wind speed increased its rates and the average mean radiant temperatures at night decreased.
Parameters Affecting Screw Pile Capacity Embedded in Soft Clay Overlaying Dense Sandy Soil
Authors: Abbas Hassan O. , Ali Omar K.
Published: March 2020

The screw piles application is constantly increasing due to their high efficiency and numerous advantages. Screw piles are supplying stability against compression, overturning moment, uplift tension, and horizontal loads. This investigation presents a set of model experiments performed on single screw pile embedded in soft clay soil over laying a sandy soil loaded in compression, at a constant strain rate. The sandy layer 20 cm thick was compacted in a test container of 30 cm diameter into four sublayers to attain a relative density of 70%. The 30 cm thick soft clay layer with Cu (undrained shear strength) 30 kPa was compacted in six sublayers on the sandy bottom layer. Three different pile length (30, 35 and 40 cm), single and double helix and pile without helix, (3D and 4D) helix diameter, (3 and 5) cm spacing between helix plate are used in this study. The experiment results showed that, the screw piles settlement for piles embedded in soft clay soil overlaying a sandy soil layer decreases (59-182)% with increasing depth of embedment in the sandy layer L/D from 35 to 40, number and diameter of helix those provide anchorage against settlement. The deeper screw piles with higher L/D ratios showed compressive capacity (24-55) times greater than the shallower piles (screw pile embedded in soft clay). In addition, screw piles demonstrated resistance to the applied compressive forces (9-16) times more than ordinary piles. The compressive force increases with rising number and diameters of helix plates.
Constructive truth and creativity in contemporary Iraqi architecture
Authors: Al-tameemi Osamah Abdulmunem , Abdul-Qader Shaymaa
Published: March 2020

Truth and purity are an important concept in modern architectural design, as it is considered one of the significant concepts in architectural discourse. In many literatures, the significance of creative meanings can be added by the structure to the general formation through honesty and truth that resulted from the use of construction in an expressive way to achieve visual tracking of the correct paths of force transmission in the components of the construction formation, and deepen the aesthetic meanings that can be added by the construction. Thus, linking the character of creative construction truth to the constructive integrity The research problem lies in the lack of knowledge in studying the aspects of constructive truth and its range of effect on the architectural creativity sides in general and for the local architecture in particular, therefore, the research aims at clarifying the relationship between the concept of structural truth in all its intellectual and formal dimensions which affect the achieving of the construction creativity and thus the creativity of the apparent architectural production. It also discusses the creativity in architectural productions through studying the creativity sides that can be reached through the constructive truth vocabulary and items in the contemporary Iraqi architecture applications. Also and identifying the possibilities of interdependence between structural truth and structural creativity. The other aim is to analyse constructional applications that integrated with the design of the building in order to establish the fundamentals of creative architectural decision-making. In its methodology, the research methodology depends on comparison analysis style through the creating of a theoretical framework that starts from the mentioned above knowledge rule and applying it to a group of local examples to get some indicators that explain the role of structural honesty in the local architectural results.
Measurements of the natural radioactivity from Baghdad city soils using NaI (TI)detector
Authors: Rasheed Essam , Maula Baydaa Hussain
Published: March 2020

In the present investigation, twenty examples of soils were taken from numerous locales from Baghdad governorate. These samples were gathered from numerous spots. These examples were put away for one month under ordinary research center conditions. This time is important to get a radiological equilibrating to the examples, before tallying the movement of normal radioactive material for the examples. There are six radionuclides were showed up in soils tests: (Bi-214, Ra-226, TI-208, Bi-212, Pb-212, K-40), these radionuclides included; two radionuclides (Bi-214, Ra-226) have a place with the U-238 arrangement, three radionuclides (TI-208, Bi-212, Pb-212) have a place with Th-232 series and one is the common radionuclide K-40, the most minimal normal explicit exercises of the radionuclides in all examples utilizing NaI(Tl) finder was Tl-208 and equivalent to (0.735Bq/kg) however the most astounding explicit exercises of the radionuclides in all examples was K-40 and equivalent to (21.276 Bq/kg). The outside portion of the nature radioactivity for all Baghdad soils was 0.325 mSv.y-1 is very low contrasted and as far as possible1 mSv.y-1 UNSCEAR.
Assessment of Atmospheric Correction Methods for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Merzah Zainab Fakhri , Jaber Hussein Sabah
Published: March 2020

Atmospheric correction is a main problem in visible or near-infrared remote sensing images since the existence of the atmosphere continuously influences the radiation from the ground to the sensor. Hence, atmospheric correction is necessary. Remotely sensed imagery has noise affected by atmospheric particles that can unclear the image and make quantitative analysis unreliable. The aim of this research is to evaluate atmospheric correction methods for remotely sensed imagery using ENVI software to get accurate results. In this research, three methods of atmospheric correction have been selected depend on the essential parameters whether from the image or field for hyperspectral imagery by using ENVI software. These methods include: IAR Reflectance, Flat field correction, and Empirical Line Correction. The results showed the corrected images from three methods give better interpretation of Z-profile than original image which helps to determine the absorption feature and increase the possibility to get a good result after processing. IAR Reflectance method gives easier spectral curve to be interpreted when comparison between radiance spectrum and reflectance spectra than other correction methods.
Properties of Papercrete Concrete Containing Crushed Concrete Waste As Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Alshahwany Rana Burhan , Wadie Revan N , Mohammed Zena A , Ahmed S Ana’s
Published: March 2020

Researches on the effect of waste recycling in the concrete industry are increasing due to its low cost as well as considering it as a significant method for protecting the environment by minimizing solid waste. This research evaluates the possibility of using concrete waste as partial replacement with coarse aggregate in Papercrete, and its effect on some concrete properties which include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and heating resistance. Wasted paper used in this study as an additional material with three various ratios (5%, 10% and 15% by weight of cement) was mixed with concrete which have 0, 10%, 20% and 30% of concrete waste as a partial replacement of the coarse aggregate to produce twelve concrete mixtures. As compared with the plain mixture, it was found that workability decreasing with the increasing of both wasted paper and wasted concrete content. The study illustrated that the optimum percentage of adding wasted paper and wasted concrete replacement are 5% and 10% respectively, due to increasing in both compressive and tensile strength by 11.99% and 13.54% respectively compared with the plain mix. The residual strength of concrete after heat exposure was affected significantly by the increasing of wasted paper content.
Show the Potential of Agisoft Photoscan Software to Create a 3D Model for Salhiyah Residential Complex in Baghdad Based on Aerial Photos
Authors: Jebur Ahmed Kareem , Tayeb Fatima Asaad , Jawad Zainab Sahib
Published: March 2020

This research includes the use of aerial photos that taken by metric camera for the constructing 3D digital models, because of these models have developed significantly and increase demands to meet the requirements of several applications. The credibility of these models is essentially depending on the methods of data processing, tools that adopted for solution and quality of data. Whereas in this research automatic method was utilized for data processing, the 3D coordinates identification and extraction of the 3D model. Several software’s can be utilized for data processing and the 3D coordinates identification such as Agisoft Photoscan software. To examine the accuracy and the reliability of the results of this software for precise 3D modeling applications, the results were evaluated based on statistical methods. To achieve this aim, The study was done in Baghdad / Salhiyah Residential Complex using data collected by an airborne metric camera with 911.82 m height of flying. To evaluating the final accuracy of a 3D digital model, an evaluation process were done based on the height of some different buildings distributed in the study area was implemented. Whereas the final accuracy of the 3D model based on the root mean square error (RMSE) was equal to (0.277m).
Prediction the Locations of Future Earthquakes in Eastern Part of Iraq Using GIS Techniques
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Jasim Ahmed , Hamdoon Rana Mozahim , Yosief Fatin Janan
Published: March 2020

An earthquake is a natural phenomenon and natural catastrophe. It can cause massive damage and losses of life. Future prediction of natural catastrophes such as earthquakes can minimize their risks and save people lives and properties. GIS can be very essential for predicting and estimating a future earthquake. Thus, this study is dedicated to predict the locations of future earthquakes in the eastern part of Iraq using GIS techniques. The study involves establishing a GIS database (DB) of the previous earthquake in the period (1985 - 2015), identifying the parameters that a map layers of all parameters (factors) which are responsible on occurring earthquakes, and using GIS techniques to identify and predict the locations of the future earthquakes.

This research is accomplished through a number of essential stages. These are data gathering, data processing and data analyzing. The gathered data among the period of the study (from 1985 to 2015) was classified into three stages ((1985-1995), (1996-2005), and (2006 to 2015) to distinguish a fine details of past earthquakes easily and precisely. The results show that GIS is a powerful tool that can provide an accurate prediction of upcoming natural phenomena such as earthquakes. This can evaluate earthquake hazards and raise the awareness of the government to save people’s lives, properties and infrastructures against the possible future earthquakes and the accuracy assessment processes reveals that about 80% of coming quakes happened where they expected (very close to the prediction seismic line).
Influences of Eggshell Powder to reduce the collapse of soil gypsum
Authors: Abdulrahman Shaimaa M. , Ihsan Elaf Abd Al-Azal
Published: March 2020

Failure of different buildings built in the regions of gypsums soils in Iraq, particularly in the last three decades lead to find strategic projects to solve this problem. for this purpose, selected regions of gypsums soils in Iraq to study and find conclusions of gypsum. The investigational work includes testing of collapse soil before and after mixing gypsum soil with deferent percentage of eggshells powder (4%,8%,12%, 16% and 24%) and the cruelty the collapse potential classification. the soil before mixing is considered as Severe trouble, while after mixing the soil become no problem at 16% of eggshells powder.
Production of Lightweight Geometries Geopolymer Concrete Blocks
Authors: Nasser I F , Khalil W I , Abbas WA
Published: March 2020

In this research two differences geometries of geopolymer lightweight concrete masonry units (GPLWCMUs) were produced. According to the Iraqi Standard No.1077/1987, the GPLWCMUs type I are classified as solid masonry units class A, that are used both in the interior and exterior walls which exposed to calamity effects. As concerned to GPLWCMUs type II, they are classified as hollow masonry units class B, which can be used in the constructions above ground level but not exposed to calamity effects. The density for the two types were 1575, 1350 kg/m3 respectively, whereas water absorption and compressive strength for the two types ranged from 6-7.5%, and 13 MPa and 5 MPa. As a result: the two GPLWCMUs can be classified as lightweight units because they complain the Iraqi Standard No. 1129 for the year 1990.
Estimating the Adequate Observation Times of a Single GNSS Receiver by Utilizing Online Processing Services
Authors: Satchet Murtadha S. , Wanas Sajad K. , Jaber Abbas S.
Published: March 2020

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have witnessed rapid developments in the field of online post-processing services and the abundance of continuously operating reference stations (CORS), which reflected on facilitating the tasks of surveyors, engineers and geoscientists. However, the sufficient time for observations to achieve a certain level of accuracy is still one of the main concerns for researchers and specialists. In this study, the geometry of a short-sides triangle has been employed to estimate the sufficient observing times of GNSS receivers throughout the online processing services. The short-sides triangle vertices were observed for 24 hours and partitioned into shorter periods of time, then GPS and GLONASS have been processed as well as GPS alone after filtering out the GLONASS observables. Datasets have been processed using online post-processing services, i.e. AUSPOS and CSRS-PPP. A number of propagation error models have been applied to investigate the station accuracy behaviour. the results have revealed that RMS errors of 1 cm can be achieved after two hours for horizontal component and three hours for the vertical component. Furthermore, including GLONASS satellites is playing a role to enhance accuracy especially in short observation times.