bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Air Pollution and Daily Hospital Admissions Due to Respiratory Disease: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Jalili Mahrokh , Mazidi Faezeh , Ehrampoosh Mohammad Hassan , Badeenezhad Ahmad , Ebrahimi Vahid , Abbasi Fariba
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Air pollutants and respiratory diseases have a significant relationship and cause major health problems. Low attention has been paid to the daily hospital admissions due to the presence of pollutants in desert cities such as Yazd city, Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the short-term relationship between air pollution and daily hospital admissions due to respiratory disease in Yazd hospitals.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated pollutants including PM10, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3 recorded daily in Yazd air pollution monitoring station. Moreover, the daily hospital admissions (sample size =180) of the pulmonary patients were collected from government hospitals from March to September 2017. 
Conclusion: The daily admission of patients to hospital due to pulmonary disease was highly related to NO2 and O3. However, the correlation of admission with CO, PM10, and SO2 was not significant, because NO2 and O3 are oxidation factors and stimulate the respiratory system.
Investigation of students’ level of leadership and creativity studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports
Authors: Tasdugen Burcu , Tekin Murat , Kaya Merve Nur , Gunel Haci Mehmet
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate students’ level of leadership and creativity studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports. The research group was made up of 115 females and 85 males, 200 in total, studying at the Physical Education and Sports School of Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University. To achieve the purpose of the research, ‘A Scale of Achievement Leadership’ and ‘Adaptation-Innovation Inventory (KAI)’ were applied to the students who were participated in the research. In the analysis and assessment of the data, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, t-test and one-way ANOVA test were used, and the significance was taken as p < 0.05. In the evaluation of the data and the determination of the calculated values, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences package program was used. At the end of the study, it is revealed that it is important to develop creative thinking skills through successive remediation and creative reaction so that students’ level of leadership gets higher.
Keywords: Leadership, creativity, student
The relation between classroom management skills and empathic tendencies of high school teachers high school teachers’ classroom management skills and empathic tendencies
Authors: Sorakin-Balli Yasemin , Basari Sengul , Guldal-Kan Sebnem
Published: March 2020

This research was conducted to investigate the relation between the empathic tendencies and classroom management skills of high school teachers. The study aims   to examine whether there is a relation between the classroom management skills and empathic tendencies of high school teachers. The participants of this study include teachers who worked at high schools in Northern Cyprus during the academic year 2015-2016. 30 teachers participated in this research. The research data was collected with â€œEmpathic Tendency Scaleâ€ and â€œClassroom Management Skills Scaleâ€. The scale consisted of three parts. The first part of the scale consisted of personal information the second part included 20 attitude statements to measure the empathic tendency, and in the third part, 40 evaluation statements were used to measure classroom management skills. The data obtained from the scales were coded and analyzed in computer environment by using statistical package program. In the analysis of the data obtained, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and correlation analysis were used. As a result of the analysis, there was no significant difference between high school teachersâ€™ classroom management skills and empathic tendencies. Therefore, no study supporting this result was found. Therefore, more studies needs to be done. Due to the small number of the participants, the connection between variables such as gender, age, and marital status and the variables dealt with in this study could not be evaluated.       

Keywords: Empathy, Classroom Management, Education, Education Management, Management Skills
Hubungan Peran Keluarga dan Kepatuhan Pasien TB MDR di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
Authors: Ainiyah Safira Nur , Soedarsono Soedarsono , Umiastuti Pirlina
Published: March 2020

Background: Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) is an infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin. Based on medical record of MDR TB Clinic RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, there is an increase of drop out rate which indicates that MDR TB patient’s adherence is low althouh there are some policies to improve their adherence. Therefore family role is needed for increasing MDR TB patients’ adherence and decreaseing drop out rate.Objective: to know the relationship between family role and MDR TB patient’s adherence on treatment in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Method: This analytical study in cross sectional approach is held on October 2017-June 2018 in MDR TB Clinic of RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya and patients’ house. There are 24 patients and their family which are enrolled and interviewed in this study. Inferential statistic which was Fisher Exact Test used to find out and analyze the relationship between family role and MDR TB patient’s adherence on treatment in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Result: There is no difference frequencies of high and low family role. The MDR TB patients have high adherence. There is significant (p = 0,018) and moderate (c = 0,452) relationship of family role and MDR TB patients’ adherence on treatment in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.Conclusion: To improve MDR TB patients’ adherence, family must have a significant role and give support. Health provider also should give education about importance of family role in MDR TB patients’ treatment.
The Role of N-Acetyl Sistein in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Yudhawati Resti , Prasanta Nitya
Published: March 2020

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is a chronic infection that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection and it is still the major health problem worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can induce oxidative stress. Some studies has proved that active TB patients have an association with excessive oxidative stress which causes glutathione (GSH) level decrease and free radicals increase. Glutathione (GSH) facilitates the control of M.TB intracellular bacterial growth in macrophages and has direct antimicrobial activity.  N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is thiol, a precursor of L-cysteine and glutathione synthesis (GSH) that has been used for decades as a mucolytic agent in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Some studies report beneficial role of NAC as immunomodulator, besides NAC also has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect in TB management.
Root Membrane Technique-An Insight
Authors: Jayakumar Sunandhakumari Vishnu , Vidhyadharan Arun Kumar , Murali Nikhil , Alim Aneesh , Anand  P J Swathy , Sadanandan Shankar Kiran
Published: March 2020

There are different treatment options in modern dentistry for the replacement of lost dentition. Of these the most upcoming and acceptable treatment option is Dental implants. The common problem usually with immediate implant placement in the anterior region is the post-operative soft tissue contour as a part of the bone modelling during healing. Hurzeler et al in 2010 introduced a new technique called the “socket shield technique”. This technique has been used as an alternative treatment modality for immediate implant placement in the aesthetic zone.This review articles provides a detailed information regarding the clinical concept of Root membrane technique.
Development and Assessment of Duplex and Triplex Laminated Edible Films Using Whey Protein Isolate, Gelatin and Sodium Alginate
Authors: Wang Lizhe , Tyuftin Andrey A. , Auty Mark A.E. , Kerry Joseph P.
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to assess the ability of producing laminated edible films manufactured using the following proteins; gelatin (G), whey protein isolate (WPI), and polysaccharide; sodium alginate (SA), and to evaluate their physical properties. Additionally, films’ preparation employing these ingredients was optimized through the addition of corn oil (O), Overall, 8-types of laminated films (G-SA, G-WPI, SA-WPI, SA-G-WPI, GO-SAO, GO-WPIO, SAO-WPIO, SAO-GO-WPIO were developed in this study. The properties of the prepared films were characterized through the measurement of; tensile strength (TS), elongation at break point (EB), puncture resistance (PR), tear strength (TT), water vapour permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP). The microstructure of cross-sections of laminated films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of films were dramatically enhanced through the addition of film layers. GO-SAO laminate showed the best barrier properties to water vapour (22.6 ± 4.04 g mm/kPa d m2) and oxygen (18.2 ± 8.70 cm3 mm/kPa d m2). SAO-GO-WPIO laminate film was the strongest of all laminated films tested, having the highest TS of 55.77 MPa, PR of 41.36 N and TT of 27.32 N. SA-G-WPI film possessed the highest elasticity with an EB value of 17.4%.
Performance Analysis of Glioma Brain Tumor Segmentation using Ridgelet Transform and CANFES Methodology
Authors: Srinivasan Saravanan , Ponnuchamy Thirumurugan
Published: March 2020

Objective:The Glioma brain tumor detection and segmentation methods are proposed in this paper using machine learning approaches. Methods:The boundary edge pixels are detected using Kirsch’s edge detectors and then contrast adaptive histogram equalization method is applied on the edge detected pixels. Then, Ridgelet transform is applied on this enhanced brain image in order to obtain the Ridgelet multi resolution coefficients. Further, features are derived from the Ridgelet transformed coefficients and the features are optimized using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method and these optimized features are classified into Glioma or non-Glioma brain images using Co-Active Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Expert System (CANFES) classifier.Results:The proposed method with PCA and CANFES classification approach obtains 97.6% of se, 98.56% of sp, 98.73% of Acc, 98.85% of Pr, 98.11% of FPR and 98.185 of FNR, then the proposed Glioma brain tumor detection method using CANFES classification approach only.
Predicting Surface Roughness of Dry Cut Grey Cast Iron Based on Cutting Parameters and Vibration Signals from Different Sensor Positions in CNC Turning
Authors: Herwan Jonny ,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan, Kano Seisuke , Ryabov Oleg , Sawada Hiroyuki , Kasashima Nagayoshi , Misaka Takashi
Published: March 2020

During the turning process, cast iron is directly shattered to become particles. This mechanism means the surface roughness cannot be predicted using the kinematic equation. This paper provides surface roughness predictions using two methods, the multiple regression model (MRM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Cutting parameters and vibration signals are considered input variables in both methods. This work also overcomes the common sensor position limitation (tool shank) and provides a safe and efficient solution. The prediction values from MRM and ANN show accurate results compared to the measured surface roughness, with the average error of less than 8%. Furthermore, the proposed sensor position, at the turret bed, also exhibits similar prediction accuracy to a sensor at the tool shank, hence promising feasible industrial application.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Face Milling for Fabricating Hierarchical Microstructures
Authors: Shimada Keita , Chen Ziqi , Mizutani Masayoshi , Kuriyagawa Tsunemoto ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan,   Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Published: March 2020

Surface microstructures can provide various functionalities, and wettability is a typical surface property that can be controlled by the surface textures. This study attempted to fabricate hierarchical microstructures through ultrasonic-assisted face milling (UAFM) to change the surface functionality by specifically focusing on the wettability. The fabrication involved the use of an ultrasonic generating spindle and a self-designed diamond tool. The locus of the tip of the diamond tool was computed based on the equation of motion, and the micro- and macrostructures are illustrated in this paper. The structures were confirmed through observations using a white-light interferometer. The wettability on six zones of the processed area was measured, and the results indicated that the central zone of the UAFM surface became hydrophobic, whereas the edge zone became hydrophilic.
DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN KAWASAN EKOWISATA MANGROVE TAMAN HUTAN RAYA NGURAH RAI, BALI
Authors: Danaparamita Edwina Dhyani
Published: March 2020

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar dukungan sosial masyarakat terhadap keberadaan kawasan mangrove Tahura Ngurah Rai dilihat berdasarkan perbedaan gender dan tingkat pendidikan, serta  mengetahui variabel dukungan sosial yang paling berpengaruh dari pengunjung dan petugas pengelola kawasan terhadap Tahura Ngurah Rai. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan metode survei. Hasil yang didapat adalah bahwa responden yang paling paham mengenai berbagai jenis dukungan sosial yang bertujuan untuk pelestarian kawasan mangrove adalah responden dengan pendidikan terakhir sarjana, dan perbedaan gender tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kepekaan responden berkaitan dengan dukungan sosial. Variabel dukungan sosial yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pelestarian kawasan mangrove Tahura Ngurah Rai adalah jenis dukungan emosional.
ANALISIS PARAMETER FISIKA-KIMIA UNTUK KEPENTINGAN REHABILITASI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI PESISIR PULAU BUNGKUTOKO KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Yasin Asramid
Published: March 2020

Abstract

In some places rehabilitation of mangrove areas that have been damaged but in reality not all mangrove rehabilitation activities were successful, this was allegedly caused by a mismatch in the type of mangrove and incompatibility of rehabilitation techniques used with environmental conditions or parameters of the local coastal environment. This study is aimed to know the condition of coastal environmental parameters in Bungkutoko island, district of Abeli in rehabilitation proposed of mangrove ecosystem and to find a proper rehabilitation strategy for it can be applied in that area. This study was carried on June to July 2009 in the coastal of Bungkutoko island, Abeli district, Kendari Town. Data in this study is analyzed as descriptively for giving common view of that area. Results of some parameters measured in the area are showed as topographies are 0,1 %, 3 %, 3,2 % for Station I, Station II and Station III, respectively. Substrate particles is more small, and it adhesive force in Station I and II is same medium, and Station III is free. Shoreline of Station I as covered and Station II and Station III are semi covered. The High of waves are 7-17 cm and 8-22 cm for Station II and Station III, as respectively. Fluctuation of tidal is middle, and the tidal type of the shoreline is mix to be diurnal. Water current in all station are Station I = 0,01-0,05 m/s, Station II = 0,01-0,08 m/s, Station III = 0,02-0,1 m/s. Suspension sediments of all stations are 1,97 mg/l,         3,96 mg/l, and 3,10 mg/l for Station I, Station II, Station III, respectively. Salinity in range of 25-35 ppt, and both Station II dan Station III is same ranged on 30-35 ppt. In results of measured some physic-chemical parameters of coastal in Bungkutoko island is suitable for rehabilitation practice of mangrove ecosystem by concern of planting time on the condition of mangrove tree is in having fruits and calm water condition of sea. And also for planting technic is propaguls directly planted to the ground and using seeds on the polybags.
EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN RUMAH SAKIT DALAM RANGKA GREEN HOSPITAL DI WILAYAH BALI
Authors: Parlindungan Sigalingging Brando Harison
Published: March 2020

The increasing number of hospitals has an effect on the environmental damage of apabil not well managed. Environmental damage is a shared responsibility of both the government, the private sector and the public. In Indonesia today there is not even a hospital that already includes a green hospital, but the government prepares by 2020 every hospital is expected to participate in managing well by always considering the health, economic, ecological and social aspects so that the principle of fulfillment of the concept of sustainable development in the field health will be met, and hospitals can play an active role in minimizing the impacts of climate change. This research uses descriptive analysis techniques. From the results of this study states that of the 10 categories of world green hopsital hospitals in Bali still have much to prepare.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PERILAKU ZERO WASTE DI DESA PANGLIPURAN KECAMATAN BANGLI
Authors: Susanto Yaenal Febri
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang pengaruh kepemimpinan lingkungan terhadap perilaku zero waste di Desa Panglipuran Kecamatan Bangli, Provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji persyaratan analisis, analisis regresi linier Sederhana dengan sampel sebanyak 50 orang. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan lingkungan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku zero waste. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari semakin meningkatnya komitmen kesadaran dan kepedulian seluruh shareholders desa akan pentingnya perilaku pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. 

Kata kunci : Kepemimpinan Lingkungan, Perilaku Zero Waste, Desa Panglipuran
EVALUASI PROGRAM PENYEDIAAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU WILAYAH DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Riyawati Ika Dewi  , Ahmansya  , Sigit Diana Vivanti
Published: March 2020

The reality, must be faced by DKI Jakarta as the National Capital of Indonesia is population. The estimation  data from the Jakarta Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2025, will be 11,034,000 people. This population is quite dense resulting in increased utilization of Natural Resources, and   declining the Jakarta Environmental Quality Index (IKLH). The 2016 IKLH is 38.69 and 2017 is 35.78 and this is the lowest IKLH among 33 Indonesian Provinces. The Provision Green Open Space Program is one of the methods used by the DKI Jakarta Government to maintain the environmental quality of DKI Jakarta.  For 2017 and 2018 did not reach the target for this program so it needs to be evaluated for the program that has been carried out in order to obtain in-depth findings. This research uses the evaluation method as Context, Input, Process Product (CIPP). Result: For the Context and Input components are in accordance with the expectations set while the Process and Product components do not meet the expectations set. Conclusion: Success of the program can be achieved if using innovative and creative ways and program evaluation must be done thoroughly by involving various supporting parties to find out the obstacles of program implementation
Bringing Healthcare Services to Remote Communities: A Case Study from Latin American
Authors: Zambrano John , Andrade Eduardo , Pérez Marcelo , Vallejo Gabriela , Abrahams Nick
Published: March 2020

This paper describes how an oilfield services companies worked with remote communities in the Latin American region to improve access to healthcare through the use of mobile healthcare units. In remote regions, limited access to local healthcare services makes seeking healthcare in larger towns the only viable option.

This is not always feasible due to the long distances needed to travel between the communities and the towns. This paper describes how the company supported a mobile healthcare unit in rural communities in Latin America to improve availability and accessibly to healthcare services such as pediatrics, general medicine, basic dentistry, optometry, and laboratory examinations.

Partnering with the operator and the country's Ministry of Health, the mobile healthcare units promote health initiatives and provide medical services. This has increased the availability of both preventive and curative healthcare in remote areas. Data from each unit is used by representatives of the Ministry of Health to coordinate follow-up visits with patients with chronic diseases such as anemia and trypanosomiasis in children and hypertension in adults.

The data is also used to develop health profiles for specific communities to adapt the healthcare services to better meet their particular needs. Health promotion and disease prevention contributes to improved community well-being as well as improved health performance for the company's local personnel as they also have access to the healthcare units.

The paper demonstrates how a multi-stakeholder initiative can increase access for remote communities to healthcare services and raise awareness of health issues to benefit the indigenous population as well the company's local workforce.
Community Engagement for Operational Excellence in E&P in Bolivia
Authors: Calvimontes Eva , Ayala Sanchez Sergio Eduardo , Ravishankar Krish Ravi
Published: March 2020

As part of its strategic plans, Vintage Petroleum Boliviana Ltd. (VPB), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum Corporation (Occidental), has developed and implemented a Social Responsibility (SR) Program that supports company business objectives and positively impacts and adds value to all stakeholders—employees, contractors, national oil company, communities, and the environment. VPB's SR Program achieves a balance between its oil and gas Exploration and Production (E&P) interests, and communities’ expectations and needs. The SR Program carried out through an extensive engagement process has served as the model for our operational excellence and resulted in alliances between VPB and the communities located in the areas of influence and at large.

The objective and scope of this paper is to share the methodology, approach, and processes that VPB has successfully implemented to improve the quality of life of society as a whole and be a shared value partner with the communities. This paper addresses both tangible and intangible benefits that the communities have received and the quality of life enhancement of the communities’ inhabitants, as well as Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) used to measure performance for operational excellence, communities’ development, and project/program evaluation.
Universal Access to Occupational Health - A Focus on Community Health
Authors: Frangos Stephen , Anwar Nadeem , Aghakasiri Nildoufar
Published: March 2020

The WHO Plan of Action for Workers Health (2015-2025) is focused on the gaps between and within countries in the exposure of workers and local communities to occupational hazards and in their access to occupational health services. Improving the health of workers, industry and communities can be achieved through well-coordinated public-private partnerships, with government leadership and with substantial participation of workers and employers. The Occupational Health activities of multinational corporations that focus on the advancement of Community Health are inherently beneficial by bringing reliable energy for development and safety, raising standards for overall health and health care services and creating employment opportunities.

Health Corporate Responsibility (CR) provides the essential framework for the linkage between Occupational Health and Community Health. Health CR includes Workforce Health, Health Social Investment and Health Citizenship. Workforce Health activities help to ensure a healthy, safe and productive workforce and work environment, while establishing standards of health practice and case. Health Social Investment is made up of voluntary contributions to communities to create benefits and build relationships. Health Citizenship is leadership participation that strategically demonstrates the company's corporate responsibility for health. Underpinning each of these three areas are the internal and external partnerships, the evaluation of data and metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of programs and interventions, and the interface of the needs of the business and the needs of the community.

In this paper, two public-private partnerships will be presented to demonstrate the concept of Health Social Investment. These will provide key insights into the linkages between Occupational Health and Community Health and will highlight how Chevron has partnered with public entities and governments to raise the standards for overall health and health care services to deliver community health programs in Angola (Sickle Cell Initiative) and in Colombia (Healthcare Access, Healthcare Training and Maternal-Child Health Programs). A description of each program and the positive impacts and results on the communities for each program will be presented.
Process Safety - Learning from Upstream Event Data
Authors: Walker Kirsty , Fargie David , Kannan Sivaneswaran , Skar Olav , Carvalho Mariana
Published: March 2020

The International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) is a global forum in which member companies identify and share best practices to achieve improvements in many areas including upstream process safety. The IOGP Safety Committee has undertaken a multi-year strategic project to focus on fatality prevention, known as Project Safira, which addresses transportation safety, personal safety and process safety. This paper presents data analysis work conducted on process safety and the associated learnings.

In 2010, the IOGP started a pilot project to collect upstream process safety event (PSE) data in alignment with the upstream and downstream reporting criteria. Since 2014, an annual quality control and validation review of process safety event data, reported by IOGP member companies, has been undertaken by a group of process safety engineers and data reporting experts. This group has, over a period of years, developed a list of point of releases and refined a set of key words based on the threat lines in a generic PSE bow tie.

With five years of PSE data reported by IOGP Member companies, this paper presents the findings from the data analysis process as well as insights and learnings. Submitted Tier 1 narrative descriptions have been analyzed annually, as well as collectively, to determine trends in points of release, category key words, causal factors and chronological patterns in fatal incidents. The results have shown differences in causes related to events with fatal or environmental outcomes. This provides the basis for a standardized industry approach in prevention strategies to eliminate process safety fatal incidents. Having the largest database of upstream process safety performance and fatality data enables analysis of upstream PSE trends and learning that is not possible in individual companies.

IOGP is in a unique industry position to encourage international upstream industry collaboration and sharing of industry best practices to prevent process safety incidents, and their potential impact on life, the environment and assets loss.
Process Safety, Process Risk, Environmental and Social Responsibility Considerations in the Abandonment and Remediation of the Porvenir Gas Plant and Production Field, Bolivia
Authors: Ayala Sanchez Sergio Eduardo , Ravishankar Krish Ravi
Published: March 2020

Occidental Petroleum Corporation (Occidental) discovered the Porvenir field in 1978 and constructed the Porvenir Gas Plant in the early 1980s to separate condensate and re-inject gas into the field. The field and the gas plant located in Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia, were developed in partnership with Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB), the Bolivia National Oil Company. A 40-year concession agreement expired in May 2017. Porvenir field production stopped in 2006, due to high water cut and sand migration problems.

In 1996, Vintage Petroleum Boliviana Ltd (VPB), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Occidental, constructed a 10-inch pipeline to Porvenir Gas Plant, which processed and stabilized gas and condensate from the adjacent Nupuco and Chaco Sur fields until May 2017.

Upon cessation of the field production and in compliance with the Bolivian Hydrocarbon Law 3058 and operation agreement, VPB undertook the Porvenir Gas Plant Decommissioning and Rehabilitation activities with the approval of the Ministry of Hydrocarbons and Ministry of Environment and Water in August 2017.

The objective of this paper is to share the key process safety, process risk, environmental, and social responsibility considerations associated with the field and gas plant abandonment and rehabilitation. The paper also highlights project management and technical and non-technical risk management strategies that VPB adopted to achieve successful closure. The project's engagement with all the stakeholders— government entities, national oil company, communities, employees, contractors, and others—exemplifies Occidental's and VPB's fundamental approach and core values as Partner of Choice. VPB became the first oil and gas company in Bolivia to undertake such an endeavor in the recent times.
An Organization Global Culture of Health and Wellness Enhances a Resilience/Sustainability Agenda
Authors: Quigley Robert L.
Published: March 2020

Every organization, regardless of industry sector, strives to preserve the health and safety of their workforce. One such strategy, designed to this end, is to create a (global) culture of health (COH), inclusive of mental health.

Over the last several decades, in the absence of a COH, company productivity, particularly in the energy mining and infrastructure space, can be severely taxed by an increase in non-communicable diseases (NCD's) which frequently present with mental illness as a co-morbidity. Such a burden is not only economic but can negatively impact any company's sustainability goals.

As data is the latest currency here we define metrics which can be used to quantify a culture of health which is not mutually exclusive from a sustainability agenda. In fact on of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDG's) first presented by the United Nations in 2015, good health and well-being (SDG-#3), can now be quantified through multiple reporting frameworks like the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).

WHO, which has already endorsed the SDG campaign, has already declared mental illness as "the epidemic of our time." Such a declaration makes this ubiquitous condition a foreseeable risk. Global organizations therefore must include and promote mental illness mitigation policies and procedures to meet their duty of care obligations to their mobile workers.

A global culture of health, inclusive of mental health, should be integrated with the corporation's sustainability agenda. Through reporting in the public domain, employees are able to recognize a corporate commitment to their health safety and environment.
Active Europe: Implementation of a Health Campaign Using Innovative Technology to Engage Personnel
Authors: Scott Hannah , Chai Alan
Published: March 2020

This paper describes a health-related campaign to engage personnel across Europe, together with families and friends, to increase their activity and therefore their fitness and health. The campaign, entitled Active Europe, was designed to encourage and motivate people at all levels of fitness and incorporate a wide range of sports and exercise. The campaign was enhanced and supported by the use of innovative IT tools and apps to allow participants to record their activity.

An initial overall campaign target of 22,000 kilometers was set for participants. Using the most recent suite of IT tools, a customized app was developed to enable participants to enter the details of their activities via either a mobile device or computer. A personalized dashboard showed individual contributions, together with a visible leader board to generate healthy competition between participants, locations and countries. An enterprise social networking group was created to allow people to post pictures, videos, stories, achievements and information on their activities. A series of nudges was used throughout the campaign to maintain interest and participation.

Events were held at locations throughout Europe including family walks, cycling events, running and table tennis competitions. Personalized emails in local languages were sent from the Regional HSE Manager promoting the campaign with links to the supporting IT tools. An app was developed to capture data in kilometers in the categories of walk, run, cycle, swim, steps, and other. After the initial launch in April 2018, communication messages were reinforced with stories and updates on the internal social media platform, including distance traveled, participation and video montages of events.

In the first week, a distance of 10,900 kilometers was recorded, with 253 app entries, 163 members on the internal social networking group with 78 messages posted that were read 7,728 times. In less than 14 days the initial target was exceeded and other regions joined in with entries posted by employees from Asia, North America, South America and the Middle East.

By week four, 75,000 kilometers were logged. Participation and interest grew throughout the summer, with the initiative becoming self-sustaining via the internal social network group and performance tracking tools. By year-end, over 300,000 kilometers were achieved. Active Europe is an ongoing 2019 initiative with continued IT tool enhancements.

The innovative use of internal social networking and IT performance tracking tools have added clear value to the company in terms of more active, more engaged and healthier employees, all with no capital expenditure.
Transforming Transport – is Electrification the Only Way Forward?
Authors: Lopez A. , Grainger P. , Herbertson J. , Perez L.
Published: March 2020

Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and meeting the aim of the Paris Agreement requires worldwide action from all sectors of society. As a major emitter of energy-related CO2, the transport sector will require a transformation over the course of this century.

Before, during and after the adoption of the Paris Agreement, IPIECA issued a series of publications, held dedicated workshops and hosted a number of topic-specific side events at UNFCCC COPs (Conference of Parties) to convene experts from industry, academia, think tanks and other stakeholders to produce a perspective on the potential pathways toward a low-emission future and the role of the oil and gas sector as an enabler. Building on this approach, IPIECA worked with experts within the sector and drawing upon data and literature from the IEA and other bodies to produce in-depth low-emission pathways for transport.

IPIECA identified a wide range of technologies that will be necessary for transport sub-sectors (light-duty and heavy-duty road vehicles, aviation and maritime) to evolve to a low-emissions future. Continuing improvements in the efficiency of the internal combustion engines coupled with hybridization and optimized vehicle/vessel designs will provide significant GHG emission reductions. Electric vehicles are key for the light-duty sector, although the full life cycle of battery manufacture, utilization and disposal as well the sustainability of electricity generation source is particularly important if valid comparisons are to be made with internal combustion engines. More advanced biofuels, synthetic fuels, ‘e-fuels’ and hydrogen could also be used as a power source to improve emissions. And, there is a role for carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the production of hydrogen. Transport modes such as heavy-duty vehicles, aviation and commercial shipping need a significantly high energy density. Here electrification will present more of a challenge and there is the opportunity for use of sustainably sourced biomass as an alternative.

This paper will lay out the IPIECA view on how the oil and gas industry can be part of the solution in meeting both the challenges of the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It examines in detail potential pathways for the transformation of the transport sector and provides a perspective on the technologies and other key enablers of a low-emissions transport future.
Road to the Blue Certificate for a Production Activity in the Peruvian Amazon. Committed to Responsible Water Management.
Authors: Ahumada Morales Carlos , Gutierrez Mesías Fernando , Zorrilla Salazar Ruth Celina
Published: March 2020

Repsol Exploración Perú (Repsol E&P), in accordance with its environmental strategic lines for E&P, has been developing a plan to become certified as a responsible water user in its operations in Block 57. The certification is a recognition granted by the State (National Water Authority - ANA) through a seal or mark called "Blue Certificate".

To obtain the certificate it is necessary to comply with 3 steps: Assessment of the Water FootprintReduction of Water Footprint.Development of a shared value project.

By obtaining the Blue Certificate contributes to the sustainability of the business, relationships with key stakeholders such as the State and the communities in the area of influence are maintained and improved. It also manages to optimize the processes that demand water resources in the operations; at the same time, the company is positioned within the sustainable business on water issues in the country.
Partnering for Local Content in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: d'Engelbronner-Kolff Marina , Rodriguez-Marcano Shiron , Khuu Kathy , Bowrin Leslie
Published: March 2020

Creating sustainable, shared value with local communities and countries, is an important component in the way the Shell Group conducts its business. Shell continually develops initiatives to achieve its ambitions to be both a partner of choice for authorities as well as a good neighbor for local communities. This paper presents Shell's local content approach, demonstrating how Shell Trinidad and Tobago Limited (STTL) creates value not only for its global business, but also to the socio-economic development of the country. It does so through early engagement and planning which increases opportunities for employees, local companies, local communities and the society. Our approach is based on a long-term perspective and delivery in close partnership with industry, government, and other local stakeholders, such as educational institutions and civil society organisations.

STTL has been an important corporate citizen in Trinidad and Tobago, creating value for the country for over 100 years not only by providing energy and energy related products but also through employment, procurement and capacity development. Targeting both demand and supply, STTL defines and implements local content interventions that extend beyond the oil and gas supply chain alone. Strategic skills development and education focused on innovation, employability and transferrable skills support local capacity and vendor development.

A key success factor is believed to be a true ‘co-creation’ approach of what ‘good local content looks like’ for Trinidad & Tobago utilizing strong stakeholder engagement and working with other International Oil Companies (IOCs), Energy Consortiums, educational institutions, civil society organisations and the Government to co-deliver on local content.
Mitigating the Emerging Measles Risk in Oil and Gas Workplaces
Authors: Diara M. , Ngunjiri S. , Adesakin D. , Penniall K.
Published: March 2020

Measles is a highly contagious disease with a 90% infectivity rate in susceptible individuals and a substantial risk for outbreaks. Immunization has dramatically reduced measles incidence, but during the first quarter of 2019, the World Health Organization reported a 300% global case increase compared to 2018. To effectively protect global companies with highly mobile workforces and congregate settings, it is pertinent to establish a comprehensive fit-for-purpose measles workplace prevention, preparedness and response plan.

Immunization is the most effective preventive measure against measles and the control of related outbreak risks. Its integration into a company's safety and health systems and procedures is essential for a successful implementation that targets the most at-risk individuals and operations. Beyond the prevention that applies personal, environmental and policy aspects to travelers and/or workers operating in congregate settings, early-case identification and disease management (including vaccination) are essential to effectively control measles in most at-risk work sites. The results section describes the program components adopted for such measures and their results.

Our program approach has resulted in mitigating measles outbreaks in congregate settings with no reported operational disruption in our workplaces.

The approach includes these elements: Global disease surveillance through various scientific sources for community outbreaks and occupational health and safety networks for workers.Awareness and education tailored to targeted audiences, with scaled intensity based on risk levels and case notifications with their locations.Prevention with vaccination for travelers, expatriates and rotators through internal or external travel health services; recommended vaccines for the general population of workers and dependents through their benefit plans; and guidance to not come to work when sick with a fever, combined with other general safe health practices.

Preparedness and response with infectious disease outbreak management indicating what to do before, during and after any type of outbreak, with pre-positioning of defined supplies.

Please explain how this paper will present novel (new) or additive information to the existing body of literature that can be of benefit to a participating engineer (25 – 75 words):

Considering the reemergence of measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases with their associated risks, it is essential to develop fit-for-risk measures to mitigate their impact on the health and safety of oil and gas workers and the operational continuity of the companies where they work. The integration of these measures into health and safety processes across organizations and levels – with effective senior executive engagement – facilitates the readiness and adoption of evidence-based practices with positive outcomes.
Development of a Wellness Dashboard
Authors: Amato Ryan , Davis-Street Janis , Grimsley Michael , Morehouse Robin
Published: March 2020

Objectives/Scope

Capturing and reporting employee health data in a manner that accurately portrays overall workforce health, provides business opportunities for improvement and motivates both individuals and business units to take action in a global corporation. This paper details an approach for developing customizable business unit wellness dashboards that provide timely and relevant information that facilitates decision making, action and/or behavior change related to employee health.

Methods, Procedures, Process

This new approach involves aggregating multiple data sources into a common repository and creating multiple views of this data for health analytics. Dashboard templates have been created that require minimal expertise to generate comprehensive wellness reports. Additionally, any data category can be visualized based on the local business unit's preference and priorities to maximize wellness engagement. Communication campaigns share importance and relevance of the wellness dashboard to an additional audience by customizing views at the local level to ensure highest engagement. Initial dashboards will include user satisfaction and engagement numbers.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

Combining established software tools and applications can aid in data visualization and analysis creating e-opportunities to display and discuss meaningful and useful health data across the organization in many ways. Different audiences not only create different data, but the dialogue surrounding their specific data set creates an environment for culture change. Influential factors include level of wellness program maturity, staff load capacity, competing priorities and fundamental leadership support at the local level will affect usage levels and satisfaction. Customizing meaningful data for specific audiences can increase understanding of data specifically related to programs, initiatives, awareness/prevalence and educate target audiences to why data is important and the opportunities to positively influence health-related issues. This understanding will provide an impetus to 'act' on the data to drive individual health behaviors or allow leaders to support their employees and company offered programs.

Novel (new) or additive information

This dashboard provides the ability to take standardized data at a high level and view it through a local business unit lens. This allows enhanced connections to local priorities and can drive program development in needed areas, employee participation and improved employee health.
Human Factors and Performance: Reducing Errors and Improving Safety
Authors: Khan Salman , Boyd Leah , Velez Ferdinand
Published: March 2020

Companies employ a variety of tactics to reduce workplace incidents. However, behavioral-based programs have proven highly effective because safety becomes a collective responsibility shared by all employees. This paper will focus on one such program, called Human Performance (HuP). Key facets of the program include safety training, raising awareness of employees’ susceptibility to human error, and informing them how to design management systems as well as to promote behaviors to prevent safety incidents.

People bring to their job their own personal mix of skills, knowledge, experience, attitudes, motivation, habits, and personality. These individual characteristics influence behavior in complex and significant ways. Through training, employees can recognize where errors occur and use the proper tools to change their habits to reduce injuries or quality errors. Practices such as Stop Work authority - regardless of an individual's title, Safety Walk & Talks, daily toolboxes, and rapid risk assessment are tools that can prevent these errors from occurring.

The novelty of this approach is to empower workers to contribute equally to their own safety and operational excellence, rather than relying on written policies and discipline. The efforts focus on safety within and outside the company.
Source Rock Hydrocarbons Development, An Opportunity for Green House Gases Capture in Colombia
Authors: Sachica Avila Jorge Andres , Rivera de la Ossa Juan Eduardo , Rodríguez Jaime Piedrahita
Published: March 2020

To mitigate climate change, the execution of large-scale projects is necessary. The 20-year projected scenarios show that all actions that are technically viable are required, including some that have to be executed with significant financial assistance from the Government.

Global warming generated by the increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHG) is one of the most serious environmental, social and economic threats currently facing the planet, therefore it is essential that each individual, organization or country, is involved in a broader conversation about the importance of planning and taking a strategic approach to combat it. This research, accompanied by analytical work, allowed documenting one of the possibilities of capturing GHG, which could be synergized with an important project such as the development of Colombia's source rock hydrocarbon resources. An economically viable option that can continue its planing stage and be included in the technical options that can be adopted in the future, not only because of the reduction in emissions that it generates, at the same time, the promise of interesting value it can generate a great impact.