bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing Spatiotemporal Load Profiles of Transit Vehicles with Multiple Data Sources
Authors: Luo Ding , Bonnetain Loïc , Cats Oded , van Lint Hans
Published: July 2018

Obtaining load profiles of transit vehicles has remained as a difficult task for transit operators because of technical and financial constraints. Although a significant advance in transit demand and supply data collection has been achieved over the past decade, information related to load profiles at the vehicular level is either impossible or very difficult to retrieve from them. It is not even uncommon to see that these data are underutilized by transit operators owing to considerable deficiencies and shortcomings in the data themselves, and/or the processing algorithms needed to process them. This study is therefore dedicated to addressing this challenge that has largely been overlooked by both researchers and practitioners. First, the issues which hinder the construction of load profiles based on three prevailing transit data sources are identified, including automatic fare collection (AFC), automatic vehicle location (AVL), and general transit feed specification (GTFS) data. Second, a methodology is developed for sequentially addressing all the issues and generating desirable vehicle load profiles. The methodology consists of four steps, including (1) data pre-processing, (2) matching trips in GTFS and AVL, (3) matching passenger rides to vehicle trajectories, and (4) improving vehicle trajectories. The resulting spatiotemporal load profiles of transit vehicles enable detailed investigation into vehicle movements and demand patterns over time and space, including service utilization and the propagation of delays and crowding. Data collected from the urban transit network in The Hague, The Netherlands are used to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The visualization of spatiotemporal load profiles through space-time seat occupancy graphs provides operators with a compact and powerful reference for the improvement of their services.
Rheological Behavior and Its Chemical Interpretation of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Containing Warm-Mix Additives
Authors: Wang Haopeng , Liu Xueyan , Apostolidis Panos , Scarpas Tom
Published: July 2018

The microstructure and chemical composition of asphalt binders have a significant effect on their rheological properties and, therefore, their performance as road paving binders. This study aims to investigate the effects of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) additives, organic type and chemical type, on the rheological properties and chemical internal structure of base asphalt and crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA). A set of dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests was conducted to obtain the rheological parameters (e.g., complex viscosity, complex modulus, phase angle) of asphalt binders. The flow activation energy was calculated from Arrhenius equation based on viscosity data to rank the thermal susceptibility. Black diagrams and master curves of complex modulus and phase angle were utilized to analyze the rheological properties. The molecular weight distributions of asphalt binders were inverted from the phase angle master curve to evaluate the molecular weight characteristics. It was found that the the addition of crumb rubber into base asphalt improves the rheological properties of enhanced modulus and elasticity. Organic and chemical types of WMA additives have different chemo-physical effects on both base asphalt and CRMA. Phase angle inversion method provides a powerful tool to monitor the molecular structure change and, therefore, the chemo-physical interactions of asphalt binders induced by modifications. Finally, there is a good correlation between flow activation energy and molecular weight.
Fracture toughness of unidirectional flax fiber composites with rigid gliadin matrix
Authors: Vo Hong Nhan , Beckers Kristel , Goderis Bart , Van Puyvelde Peter , Verpoest Ignaas , Willem Van Vuure Aart
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of flax/gliadin composites. Some key parameters are used such as processing conditions, matrix plasticization, and fiber treatment. These parameters affect the crack-growth resistance since they are, respectively, related to the cross-linking density by varying the cooling conditions, to the reduction of the brittleness by adding a low amount of plasticizer, and to the quality of the fiber–matrix interface. Results show that interface quality is more dominant than the effect of a low amount of plasticizer for the initiation fracture toughness value. While crack initiation is closely related to weak links such as the fiber–matrix interface, crack propagation appears to be mainly in the matrix.
Review of the Content and Quality of Mobile Applications About Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Choi Seul Ki , Yelton Brooks , Ezeanya Victor K. , Kannaley Kristie , Friedman Daniela B.
Published: July 2018

This study reviewed the content of mobile applications (apps) providing Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) information and assessed quality of the apps. Characteristics, content, and technical aspects of 36 apps in the U.S. Google Play Store and App Store were coded, and quality of the apps was evaluated using the Mobile Application Rating Scale. Caregiving (62.1%) and disease management (55.6%) content was frequently provided. Few apps had an app community (8.3%) or a reminder function (8.3%). Overall, quality of the apps was acceptable; apps by health care–related developers had higher quality scores than those by non-health care–related developers. This analysis showed that ADRD-related apps provide a range of content and have potential to benefit caregivers, individuals with ADRD, health care providers, and the general public. Collaboration of ADRD experts and technology experts is needed to provide evidence-based information using effective technical functions that make apps to meet users’ needs.
Ethical Leadership, Work Meaningfulness, and Work Engagement in the Public Sector
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed Mohammed Sayed , Abed El-Motalib Eman Aly
Published: July 2018

This study responds to recent calls for research on how and why ethical leadership is related to employee outcomes. Drawing on self-concept–based theory and substitutes-for-leadership theory, the study examines both the mediating and moderating role of work meaningfulness on the relationship between ethical leadership and work engagement. Using a sample of Egyptian public hospital nurses, the results of structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that work meaningfulness partially mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and engagement. Furthermore, the results showed the positive relationship between ethical leadership and work engagement was stronger for employees who experienced lower rather than higher levels of meaningfulness. Thus, public sector organizations need to put emphasis on nurturing ethical leadership and stimulating employees’ sense of work meaningfulness. However, they need to be aware that, sometimes, they may not be able to get “double the benefits” when they invest in developing both.
The Influence of Intimate Partner Violence on Pregnancy Symptoms
Authors: Gürkan Özlem Can , Ekşi Zübeyde , Deniz Derya , Çırçır Hasan
Published: July 2018

The current literature contains few studies conducted on the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on pregnancy symptoms. Does being subjected to IPV during pregnancy increase the incidence of pregnancy-related symptoms? The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of IPV on pregnancy-related symptoms. The study was conducted as comparative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research with a total of 370 participants. Data were collected using the Domestic Violence Against Women Screening Form, the Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory (PSI), and a descriptive questionnaire. The types of IPV the women in the study had experienced during pregnancy were, in order of frequency, verbal abuse (31.1 %; n = 115), economic abuse (25.9 %; n = 96), physical violence (8.4 %; n = 31), and sexual abuse (5.9%; n = 22). The PSI scores for the pregnant women subjected to physical violence related to gastrointestinal system symptoms ( p < .05), cardiovascular system symptoms ( p < .05), mental health symptoms ( p = 0), neurological system symptoms ( p < .05), urinary system symptoms ( p < .01), and tiredness or fatigue ( p = 0); their total PSI scores ( p = 0) were significantly higher statistically than those of women who did not experience physical violence during pregnancy. The scores of the pregnant women subjected to sexual abuse related to mental health symptoms ( p < .05), and their total PSI scores ( p < .05) were significantly higher than those of women who did not experience sexual abuse. The scores of the pregnant women subjected to economic abuse related to tiredness or fatigue ( p < .01) and their mental health symptom scores ( p < .05) were significantly higher than those of women who did not experience economic abuse. Our results showed that women subjected to IPV during pregnancy experienced a higher incidence of pregnancy symptoms.
Gamification Use and Design in Popular Health and Fitness Mobile Applications
Authors: Cotton Victor , Patel Mitesh S.
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the presence of gamification in popular mobile applications and whether principles from behavioral economics were incorporated in the design.

Design:

The top 50 ranked free health and fitness applications were downloaded. Gamification elements were predetermined through literature review, and applications were evaluated for their presence.

Setting:

App Store by Apple Inc.

Measures:

Presence of gamification, type of game element, and use of behavioral economic principles.

Analysis:

We classified the types and frequencies of targeted behaviors and features of gamification. Use of behavioral economic principles focused on designing rewards or points using loss aversion (allocated upfront and could be lost), variable reinforcement (not allocated constantly), and probability inflation (using drawings or lottery designs).

Results:

Gamification was used by 64% of mobile applications. Most applications that included gamification (97%) targeted behaviors related to physical activity and weight loss. Applications focused on other areas such as reproductive health, meditation, and sleep used gamification less often (11%). Game elements used most commonly included goal setting (78%), social influences (78%), and challenges (63%), while less common elements included points (6%) and levels (3%). No applications incorporated behavioral economics principles specified in the study.

Conclusions:

Gamification was commonly used by popular health and fitness mobile applications, but none used the specified behavioral economic principles to design rewards or points. Mobile applications could potentially improve their use if their design better leveraged principles from behavioral economics.
Screening for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Balance Between Task Shifting, Simplicity, Brevity, and Training
Authors: Stone Lydia , Heward Jessica , Paddick Stella-Maria , Dotchin Catherine L. , Walker Richard W. , Collingwood Cecilia , Thornton Jessica , Yarwood Vanessa , McCartney Judith , Irwin Charlotte , Mkenda Sarah , Kissima John , Swai Bernadette , Gray William K.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Task shifting has been suggested as one way to help manage the increasing burden of dementia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, brief, easy-to-use and valid screening tools are needed to support this approach. Our team has developed an 11-item questionnaire to assess instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in SSA, the Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA)-IADL questionnaire. We aimed to externally validate the questionnaire and develop a shorter, more efficient version.

Methods:

A community-based sample of 329 older adults in 4 rural villages was screened for dementia using the validated IDEA cognitive screen and the 11-item IDEA-IADL questionnaire. A stratified sample was assessed for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) dementia by a United Kingdom-based doctor, who was blinded to the results of screening. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis was used to assess validity, and factor analysis and regression modeling were used to develop a shorter version of the questionnaire.

Results:

A 3-item IDEA-IADL questionnaire was developed and externally validated in the study sample. The questionnaire was deemed to be valid and enhanced screening performance in 2 villages (AUROC: 0.857 and 0.895) but detracted from the accuracy of the IDEA cognitive screen in the other 2 villages (AUROC: 0.591 and 0.639). These differences appeared to be due to differences in interpretation of responses to questions by the assessors.

Conclusions:

A brief IDEA-IADLs scale was developed and worked well in some villages. However, our study highlights a training need if brief screening tools to assess IADLs are to be effectively used by nonspecialists in low-resource settings.
Drug–Drug Interaction Between Isavuconazole and Tacrolimus: Is Empiric Dose Adjustment Necessary?
Authors: Kufel Wesley D. , Armistead Paul M. , Daniels Lindsay M. , Ptachcinski Jonathan R. , Alexander Maurice D. , Shaw J. Ryan
Published: July 2018

A paucity of data currently exists regarding drug–drug interaction (DDI) with tacrolimus and isavuconazole coadministration. Current literature provides conflicting recommendations on whether an empiric tacrolimus dose reduction is necessary when coadministered with isavuconazole. A 47-year-old African American female with acute lymphoblastic leukemia underwent an allogenic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) and was subsequently placed on routine posttransplant therapy including tacrolimus for immunosuppression and posaconazole for antifungal prophylaxis. Tacrolimus was empirically dose reduced due to the expected DDI with posaconazole based on current recommendations. Due to a persistently prolonged QTc interval and need for mold coverage, antifungal prophylaxis was ultimately changed to isavuconazole at standard recommended dosing. Tacrolimus was empirically dose reduced by 40% based on limited available literature at the time; however, tacrolimus trough concentrations subsequently declined, requiring an increase in tacrolimus dose to maintain therapeutic trough concentrations. Adequate isavuconazole absorption was documented through pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data by measuring an isavuconazole trough concentration and directly observing isavuconazole’s shortening effect on the QTc interval, respectively. Our experience in an alloSCT patient suggests that an empiric tacrolimus dose reduction is not required when isavuconazole is initiated, but close tacrolimus therapeutic drug monitoring should rather be performed to guide tacrolimus dosing.
Analysis of a new strategy for emergency ventilation and escape scenario in long railway tunnels in the fire mode
Authors: Hakimzadeh Behtash , Talaee Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2018

The creation of a safe path for evacuating passengers from a tunnel during fire accidents is an important function of a mechanical ventilation system in tunnels. In this work, the operation of emergency ventilation in the fire mode in a long railway tunnel with push–pull ventilation shafts is analyzed using a fire dynamics simulator. As the passenger trains are lengthy – and so is a tunnel – when trains pass through a tunnel, the position of fire on the train becomes an important parameter for rescuing the passengers through a safe path. The novelty of this study is in the design of emergency ventilation scenarios that consider the position of fire on the train in addition to the tunnel ventilation shafts. For this case study, a lengthy (8 km) urban railway tunnel in Tehran with four rail tracks and eight ventilation shafts is considered for designing emergency ventilation scenarios and control of fire products. The fire source is a passenger train wagon with a 25-MW heat release rate. It is shown that, during the rescue operation of the passengers, the location of fire on the train may lead to reverse the ventilation scenario compared with the traditional ones that use only the tunnel shafts. Also, it is observed that there is a region with 50 m radius around each ventilation shaft, i.e. the absolute exhaust zone, where the ventilation system must be set at the exhaust mode due to the presence of fire, to minimize the spreading of fire products downstream. All the logical scenarios of the tunnel ventilation system are designed and demonstrated to create a critical ventilation velocity in the tunnel, which would help in developing a more precise control panel of the tunnel in the fire mode.
Investigation of cutting quality and surface roughness in abrasive water jet machining of bone
Authors: Shakouri Ehsan , Abbasi Mohammad
Published: July 2018

The abrasive water jet machining is known as a cold cutting process and can be effective for developing cut in the bone in orthopedic surgery to prevent thermal necrosis. This research examined surface roughness and cutting quality of bovine femur bone using abrasive water jet machining. Furthermore, the effect of three parameters was studied including water pressure, traverse speed, and the type of abrasive particles. The feed rate of the abrasive particles was considered 100 g/min, and the levels obtained from pure water jet cutting, bone powder abrasive water jet machining, and sugar abrasive water jet machining were compared with each other. Application of bone powder as an abrasive particle caused improved cutting quality, when compared with pure water jet, and in the best case, it resulted Ra and Rz values of 7.36 and 54.76 μm, respectively at the pressure of 3500 bar and traverse speed of 50 mm/min. The minimum surface roughness was obtained using sugar abrasive particles at the pressure of 3500 bar and traverse speed of 50 mm/min. The values of Ra and Rz parameters measured at the most desirable state were 3.87 and 19.72 μm, respectively. The results suggested that use of sugar as an abrasive material, in comparison with pure water jet and bone powder water jet, resulted in improved cutting quality. Furthermore, elevation of water pressure and reduction of traverse speed had a significant effect on improving surface roughness.
Effectiveness of provider-initiated testing and counseling in increasing HIV testing and counselling utilization and HIV detection rates in Ebonyi State, South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Nsirim Reward , Ugochukwu Golibe , Onuoha Maxwell , Okoroezi Ikechukwu , Ani Chiwetalu , Peters Ezinne
Published: July 2018

HIV testing and counselling is crucial in identifying new HIV cases and linking them to treatment. Provider-initiated testing and counselling can help to increase uptake of HIV testing and counselling and HIV case detection. We implemented provider-initiated testing and counselling in 32 health facilities in Ebonyi State, South-East Nigeria in order to achieve both objectives. Provider-initiated testing and counselling was implemented across the 32 facilities from January to June 2016. Provider-initiated testing and counselling data were compared with the preceding six months (July–December 2015) when only voluntary counselling and testing was done. A total of 11,787 out of 22,153 who visited the outpatient clinics within the intervention period (53%) were tested. In the preceding six months, only 3172 clients were tested via voluntary counselling and testing out of 50,898 clients who visited the outpatient clinics (6.2%). This was a 3.72-fold increase over the numbers tested via voluntary counselling and testing, within a similar time frame. Also, 158 new cases were diagnosed during the period from provider-initiated testing and counselling compared to 24 from voluntary counselling and testing in the preceding six months – an increase of 4.65-fold in case detection. Apart from the 11,787 tested through provider-initiated testing and counselling, another 6999 clients were tested through community-based outreaches during the intervention period. Comparison of case detection between both strategies shows that provider-initiated testing and counselling accounted for 158 cases (97%) while outreaches accounted for only five cases (3%). Provider-initiated testing and counselling led to an increase in uptake of HIV testing and counselling services as well as in HIV case detection across the 32 facilities where our programme was implemented.
Trends in HIV prevalence among people injecting drugs, men having sex with men, and female sex workers in Ukraine
Authors: Dumchev Kostyantyn , Sazonova Yana , Salyuk Tetiana , Varetska Olga
Published: July 2018

Once recognized as the most severe in Europe, the HIV epidemic in Ukraine is concentrated among people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and female sex workers. Integrated biobehavioral surveys, as a part of the second generation surveillance, are used to monitor HIV infection trends in key populations since 2002. The present paper is focused on the analysis of HIV prevalence trends in four nationally representative rounds of integrated biobehavioral surveys from 2008/9, 2011, 2013, and 2015 in people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and female sex workers. Between 2008/9 and 2015, the HIV prevalence has decreased significantly in people who inject drugs (24.2 to 22.0%) and female sex workers (13.6 to 6.3%), while the change in men who have sex with men was not significant (8.5 to 7.8%). There was a significant increase in people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men between 2013 and 2015. In subgroups younger than 25 years, prevalence increased more than twofold in men who have sex with men (1.9 to 4.3%), with no changes in people who inject drugs and female sex workers. The observed decline in prevalence, especially in young subgroups, may result from the effect of extensive prevention efforts on drug injection-related transmission. Recent increase in young men who have sex with men may be a sign of a new wave of the epidemic in this group.
2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge
Authors: Sherrard Jackie , Wilson Janet , Donders Gilbert , Mendling Werner , Jensen Jørgen S
Published: July 2018

Four common pathological conditions are associated with vaginal discharge: bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, candidosis, and the sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis. Chlamydial or gonococcal cervical infection may result in vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge may be caused by a range of other physiological and pathological conditions including atrophic vaginitis, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis, cervicitis, and mucoid ectopy. Psychosexual problems may present with recurrent episodes of vaginal discharge and vulval burning. These need to be considered if tests for specific infections are negative. Many of the symptoms and signs are non-specific and a number of women may have other conditions such as vulval dermatoses or allergic and irritant reactions.
Varicella zoster virus cerebral aneurysmal vasculopathy presenting in a newly-diagnosed HIV-positive patient
Authors: Tomkins Andrew , Babu Chitra , Herwadkar Amit , Siripurapu Rekha , McKee David
Published: July 2018

We report the case of a newly-diagnosed HIV-positive patient with varicella zoster virus aneurysmal vasculopathy confirmed on intrathecal antibody testing, despite a negative Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This highlights the importance of prompt treatment with antiviral and steroid therapy in the presence of clinical or radiological suspicion whilst awaiting further confirmatory testing.
Analysis of China’s regional wind power generation efficiency and its influencing factors
Authors: Pan Xiongfeng , Zhang Jing , Li Changyu , Pan Xianyou , Song Jinbo
Published: July 2018

Based on the data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2014, we use a meta-frontier data envelopment analysis model and a symbolic regression method to study wind power generation efficiency and its influencing factors. From our analytical results, the main findings are as follows: (1) The wind power generation efficiency of the eastern region is the highest, followed by the western region, and the wind power generation efficiency of the central region is the lowest. (2) The technology gap ratio of eastern region is at a high level and is stable. In contrast, the technology gap ratios of the central and western regions are at a low level and have a larger fluctuation range. (3) The room for improving internal management is huge in the three regions of China mainland, but the advancement of technical level only in the Central and Western is significant. (4) Geographical location has the most impact on wind power generation efficiency, followed by technical progress and carbon regulation, while wind energy reserve has the least impact on wind power generation efficiency.
Elasticity of factor substitution and driving factors of energy intensity in China’s industry
Authors: Wang Feng , Jiang Yijie , Zhang Wulin , Yang Fang
Published: July 2018

Based on the translog cost function and factor substitution theory, the input and output data from China’s industrial sector and the three sub-sectors during the period 1984–2011 are firstly used to calculate substitution elasticity among capital, labor, energy, and intermediate input. And then from the perspective of factor substitution, the driving factors of energy intensity in China’s industry are explored. The main findings introduced in this paper are listed as follows: firstly, the production of China’s industrial sector is sensitive to changes of energy and labor prices; secondly, except the complementary relationships between energy and labor in the manufacturing industry, and between energy and intermediate input in electricity, gas, and water industry, substitution relationships exist among all other factors; thirdly, the budget constraint of energy consumption is the most effective impetus to the reduction of energy intensity in industrial sector, and factor substitution especially the substitution of capital and labor for energy has an important role in the reduction of energy intensity; fourthly, the rapid expansion of economic scale causes output effect to become the biggest factor of impeding the reduction of energy intensity; fifthly, technical progress has different effects on energy intensities in different industrial sub-sectors, but generally speaking, technical progress does not promote the reduction of energy intensity.
High-dimensional prediction of binary outcomes in the presence of between-study heterogeneity
Authors: Mbah Chamberlain , De Neve Jan , Thas Olivier
Published: July 2018

Many prediction methods have been proposed in the literature, but most of them ignore heterogeneity between populations. Either only data from a single study or population is available for model building and evaluation, or when data from multiple studies make up the training dataset, studies are pooled before model building. As a result, prediction models might perform less than expected when applied to new subjects from new study populations. We propose a linear method for building prediction models with high-dimensional data from multiple studies. Our method explicitly addresses between-population variability and tends to select predictors that are predictive in most of the study populations. We employ empirical Bayes estimators and hence avoid selection bias during the variable selection process. Simulation results demonstrate that the new method works better than other linear prediction methods that ignore the between-study variability. Our method is developed for classification into two groups.
A Comparative Study on the Constitutional Right to Health in the Western Pacific Region Countries
Authors: Choi Sungkyoung , Park Sanghyun , Kim So Yoon
Published: July 2018

We examined the constitutional provisions on the right to health in the Western Pacific region countries and compared universal health coverage (UHC) achievement. In 9 of the 11 countries, the constitution had provisions related to health rights, of which 7 countries also included details related to the health care system. Additionally, 5 countries also had provisions for the vulnerable. The countries with weak state obligation and no clear provisions on health rights (China and Laos) all recorded low UHC achievement scores. Australia and Malaysia, which do not have constitutional provisions regarding health, have achieved high UHC achievement scores. Constitution is the supreme law of a country and the basis for developing and implementing health and medical laws and policies. In addition, laws or constitutions that regulate the rights to health can help gain access to health care. Follow-up research related to the constitutional right to health will be needed.
Paradoxical Attraction? Why an Increasing Number of International Students Choose Norway
Authors: Wiers-Jenssen Jannecke
Published: July 2018

Between 2000 and 2015, Norway has experienced a large increase in the number of international students compared with many other countries. At first glance, this may seem paradoxical considering that Norway is a country with few well-known universities, a high cost of living, and a geographical location on the northern fringe of Europe. This article sheds light on why more students find their way to Norway. Global trends of increased student mobility as well as EU policies influence the flow of students to Norway. Nevertheless, national higher education policies and in this development. Courses in English and more active partnerships with higher education institutions abroad have been established to attract international students. Furthermore, tuition fees are not charged in state-owned universities and colleges, and this has become a comparative advantage in an era when institutions in other countries are introducing or increasing tuition fees for national as well as international students. Asking the international students themselves about their motivation for studying in Norway, we find that the rationale is pragmatic rather than related to perceived quality. Their choices still appear rational; they get free higher education in a safe country, and increase their career opportunities.
Task Variation and Mental Models Divergence Influencing the Transfer of Team Learning
Authors: Toader Andra F. , Kessler Thomas
Published: July 2018

We investigate how teams develop and transfer general problem-solving skills across two ill-structured problems. We draw on cognitive flexibility theory in the instructional literature and propose that teams will achieve a higher performance on a novel task or transfer when they receive an external task intervention (i.e., task variation) and when the internal mechanisms (i.e., divergent mental models) are developed to make sense of the external intervention. To test these predictions, we designed a longitudinal experiment with 17 student teams that encountered task variation during their work on an initial task. Consistent with our predictions, we found that teams that experienced variations and whose mental models diverged during their work on an initial task achieved higher performance on a novel task than teams that experienced variation and whose mental models converged. Implications for the transfer of learning in teams on ill-structured problems are discussed.
Contextual Undertow of Workplace Deviance by and Within Units: A Systematic Review
Authors: Götz Martin , Bollmann Grégoire , O’Boyle Ernest H.
Published: July 2018

Within the constellation of employee misconduct, workplace deviance possesses the somewhat distinctive feature of violating organizational norms. Yet, the burgeoning research examining the social context surrounding workplace deviance typically fails to properly account for it. Interdisciplinary research has demonstrated that within organizations (a) multiple reference groups provide descriptive and injunctive norms about (in)appropriate behavior; (b) even when embedded within the organizational hierarchy, norms are not necessarily consistent across these groups; and (c) the immediate reference group often exerts a crucial influence. Against this background, we discuss prevalent conceptualizations of workplace deviance and systematically review the literature from 1995 to 2017. We present our findings according to external and organizational, leadership, and intraunit antecedents of workplace deviance by and within units, distinguishing, in particular, unit composition, processes and emergent states, climates, and norms. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and methodological avenues for future research.
Men’s and Women’s Approaches to Disclosure About BRCA-Related Cancer Risks and Family Planning Decision-Making
Authors: Dean Marleah , Rauscher Emily A.
Published: July 2018

Little is known about how men and women who test positive for a BRCA gene mutation or have a strong family history of carrying a BRCA mutation manage disclosures about their BRCA-related cancer risks and family planning decision-making. By conducting interviews with 25 men and 20 women, this study investigated men’s and women’s approaches to disclosing their BRCA-related cancer risks and family planning decision-making. Guided by the Disclosure Decision-Making Model (DD-MM), this study demonstrates that men and women assess both information and the recipients of disclosures when making disclosure decisions. Theoretical implications for the DD-MM are discussed along with practical implications for hereditary cancer risk and family planning.
Prevalence of Feeding Problems in Young Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Chart Review Study
Authors: Seiverling Laura , Towle Patricia , Hendy Helen M. , Pantelides Joanna
Published: July 2018

Feeding problems are known to be an important clinical issue for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the majority of studies on this topic have been carried out on children preschool age and older. It is important to understand whether these difficulties begin prior to age 3 years, as well as what parameters are important to study for both assessment and intervention. The present study used an early intervention chart abstraction method to examine prevalence of feeding problems in children below 3 years of age with ASD compared with those evaluated for non-ASD language delays (LD). Prevalence of feeding problems detected by speech therapists and psychologists was higher for the ASD group than for the comparison group, with the ASD group showing more food selectivity by texture (23.1% vs. 7.1%), more food selectivity by type (24.4% vs. 11.8%), more new food refusal (10.3% vs. 0%), and more food overstuffing (14.1% vs. 3.5%). We also examined the relationship between the total number of four feeding problems and child characteristics/demographics (ASD or LD diagnosis, gender, age of first evaluation, neighborhood income). Significantly more feeding problems were seen for children with ASD. As well, feeding problems were more prevalent for males. Associations between feeding problems and the other variables, as well as interactions, were not significant.
Immediate Staff Debriefing Following Seclusion or Restraint Use in Inpatient Mental Health Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mangaoil Remar A. , Cleverley Kristin , Peter Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize the academic and gray literature on the use of immediate staff debriefing following seclusion or restraint events in inpatient mental health settings. Multiple electronic databases were searched to identify literature on the topic of immediate staff debriefing. The analysis identified several core components of immediate staff debriefing: terminology, type, critical reflection, iterative process, training, documentation, and monitoring. While these components were regarded as vital to the implementation of debriefing, they remain inconsistently described in the literature. Immediate staff debriefing is an important intervention not only to prevent future episodes of seclusion and restraint use, but as a forum for staff to support each other emotionally and psychologically after a potentially distressing event. The core components identified in this review should be incorporated into the organization’s policies, practice guidelines, and training modules to ensure consistent conceptualization and implementation of the debriefing process.
A Case Study of a Noncredentialed, Second-Career Music Educator
Authors: Martin Lisa D.
Published: July 2018

Throughout the United States, educators lacking formal credentials have increasing opportunities to assume classroom teaching positions. The purpose of this instrumental case study was to explore the career decision making and early-career teaching experiences of Holly, a noncredentialed music educator working in a public charter school. Data were collected over 6 months in the form of semistructured interviews, teaching and performance observations, and artifact analysis. Holly’s pathway to classroom teaching as a second career was characterized by nonlinear decision making, exploring numerous options before choosing to teach school music. Her early classroom teaching experiences were similar to those of traditional early-career music teachers with regard to classroom management concerns; however, her experience in private lesson instruction and directing community music theater equipped her with more practical pedagogical skill sets than typical early-career music educators. The discussion includes considerations of the value of formal credentialing and implications for music teacher education program recruitment.
Anatomy of the Tarsal Canal and Sinus in Relation to the Subtalar Joint Capsule
Authors: Yamaguchi Reiko , Nimura Akimoto , Amaha Kentaro , Yamaguchi Kumiko , Segawa Yuko , Okawa Atsushi , Akita Keiichi
Published: July 2018

Background:

Anatomical knowledge of the tarsal canal and sinus is still unclear owing to the complexity of the ligamentous structures within them, particularly the relationship with the capsules of the subtalar joints. The aim of this study was to examine the anatomical relationship between the fibrous tissues of the tarsal canal and sinus and the articular capsules of the subtalar joint.

Methods:

We conducted a descriptive anatomical study of 21 embalmed cadaveric ankles. For a macroscopic overview of the subtalar joint, we removed the talus in 18 ankles and separated the fibrous tissues from the surrounding connective tissues to analyze the layered relationship between the inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) and the subtalar joint capsule. Additionally, we histologically analyzed the tarsal canal and the medial and lateral sides of the tarsal sinus using Masson’s trichrome staining in 3 ankles.

Results:

The medial and intermediate roots of the IER and interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (ITCL) were located in the same layer and were connected to each other, between the capsules of the posterior talocalcaneal and talocalcaneonavicular joints. The intermediate root of the IER and the cervical ligament (CL) had adjacent attachments on the tarsal sinus, and synovial tissues originating from the joint capsules filled the remaining area in the tarsal canal and sinus.

Conclusion:

We determined that the tarsal canal and sinus tarsi contained 3 layered structures: the anterior capsule of the posterior talocalcaneal joint, including the anterior capsule ligament; the layer of ITCL and IER; and the posterior capsule of the talocalcaneonavicular joint, including the CL.

Clinical Relevance:

The results of this study may help with the understanding of the pathomechanism of subtalar instability and sinus tarsi syndrome, resulting in better treatment.
Analyses of natural frequency and electromechanical behavior of flexoelectric cylindrical nanoshells under modified couple stress theory
Authors: Zeng S , Wang BL , Wang KF
Published: July 2018

Different from piezoelectric effect, the flexoelectric effect is size dependent and becomes more significant at nanoscale. A nonlinear dynamic model of nanoscale flexoelectric shells is developed based on modified couples stress theory. The governing equations for nonlinear vibration of a flexoelectric cylindrical nanoshell are obtained. The natural frequency and generated voltage of the flexoelectric cylindrical nanoshell is achieved. Effects of geometric dimension, character material length, and vibration amplitude on the natural frequency and the generated voltage are discussed in detail. Results demonstrate that modified couple stress theory and large deformation theory are coupled together and interact with each other in the analyses of natural frequency and electromechanical behavior. Simultaneously taking nonlinearity and couple stress theory into account is necessary.
Narrative of Amor Fati: Meditations on Life and Death
Authors: Carlson David Lee , Wells Timothy
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this article is to consider a philosophical concept in terms of narrative inquiry. In this instance, the authors explore the Nietzschean concept of Amor Fati and explore what it means to construct narratives based on this concept. The authors provide a detailed literature review of Narrative Inquiry and align their work with the post qualitative narratives, specifically new materialism based on the work of Rosi Braidotti. The article concludes with suggestions about the nature of the tensions between life and death as well as how to fashion a life in spite of the ever-pervasive specter of death.
My Mother’s Skull Is Burning: A Story of Stories
Authors: Sørly Rita , Karlsson Bengt , Grant Alec
Published: July 2018

Performing autoethnography is a dynamic and dialogic exercise, transgressing and exceeding traditional expectations of academic papers. In this freely spoken piece—of narratives, thoughts, poems, and reflections—you will meet three international mental health scholar-researchers seeking and deepening connection through friendship. The article began as a single story and developed, as stories often do, to become many stories. It is conversational, shifting discursively across many topics, including diagnosis, medication, mental health demedicalization and recovery, cultural colonization, language, narrative and human abuse, identity, human connection, being outside the academic mainstream, ethnicity, time, and transitions. It is a story of telling stories.
Teaching Qualitative Data Analysis Through Gaming
Authors: Mallette Leo A. , Saldaña Johnny
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this article is to describe the use of a party game, adapted by the two authors, to teach qualitative data analysis in consulting and classroom settings. The value of this exercise lies in its narrative construction outcomes. Qualitative methodologists frequently advise students to find the story of their study, but that task is often elusive given the overwhelming magnitude of data collected, and research novices often have difficulty grasping basic principles of qualitative analysis. Games are metaphors for life, and the activity described here and other games reviewed in this article are metaphors for the disparate and sometimes idiosyncratic data we collect in the field, and how we must pattern, unify, and make interpretive sense of them by constructing plausible organizational arrays and interrelationships. Flavor bites and dialogue from the participants attest that these are positive and beneficial learning exercises.
“Who Are You Kidding?”: Visual Political Irony in Contemporary Russia
Authors: Sanina Anna
Published: July 2018

The study analyzes the visual dimensions of computer-mediated political irony in Russia. Based on material published between 2011 and 2014 concerning significant events in Russian history, such as the re-election of Vladimir Putin, the rise of the Russian protest movement, the Crimean crises, and so on, the article discusses ironical pictures published on weblogs and social networks, together with 56 interviews of creators and distributors of the content. The results of the study show that in contemporary Russia, novel forms of political dialogue have become widespread in new media, initiated by people who use irony and visual images to express their feelings about political events, everyday routines, and politicians’ activities. Reflection, context, and visual representation offer original vocabularies for organizing public dialogue on the Internet. The findings show a fundamental subject of visual political irony as a routine, rather than eventfulness. The creation and consumption of the content includes elements of slacktivism and to a lesser extent activism.
Multiscale Tumor Modeling With Drug Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile Using Stochastic Hybrid System
Authors: Oduola Wasiu Opeyemi , Li Xiangfang
Published: July 2018

Effective cancer treatment strategy requires an understanding of cancer behavior and development across multiple temporal and spatial scales. This has resulted into a growing interest in developing multiscale mathematical models that can simulate cancer growth, development, and response to drug treatments. This study thus investigates multiscale tumor modeling that integrates drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) information using stochastic hybrid system modeling framework. Specifically, (1) pathways modeled by differential equations are adopted for gene regulations at the molecular level; (2) cellular automata (CA) model is proposed for the cellular and multicellular scales. Markov chains are used to model the cell behaviors by taking into account the gene expression levels, cell cycle, and the microenvironment. The proposed model enables the prediction of tumor growth under given molecular properties, microenvironment conditions, and drug PK/PD profile. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the results agree with observed tumor behaviors.
Kdm4c is Recruited to Mitotic Chromosomes and Is Relevant for Chromosomal Stability, Cell Migration and Invasion of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Garcia Jeison , Lizcano Fernando
Published: July 2018

Members of the jumonji-containing lysine demethylase protein family have been associated with cancer development, although their specific roles in the evolution of tumor cells remain unknown. This work examines the effects of lysine demethylase 4C (KDM4C) knockdown on the behavior of a triple-negative breast cancer cell line. KDM4C expression was knocked-down by siRNA and analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. HCC38 cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay, while breast cancer cells’ migration and invasion were tested in Transwell format by chemotaxis. Immunofluorescence assays showed that KDM4C, which is a key protein for modulating histone demethylation and chromosome stability through the distribution of genetic information, is located at the chromosomes during mitosis. Proliferation assays demonstrated that KDM4C is important for cell survival, while Transwell migration and invasion assays indicated that this protein is relevant for cancer progression. These data indicate that KDM4C is relevant for breast cancer progression and highlight its importance as a potential therapeutic target.