bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fasal 233 Konvensyen Undang-Undang Laut Antarabangsa 1982: Satu Analisis terhadap Perairan Selat Melaka
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Wan Dahalan Wan Siti Adibah
Published: August 2021

Selat Melaka merupakan selat yang terletak di antara tiga buah negara, iaitu Malaysia, Singapura dan Indonesia. Selat tersebut berfungsi sebagai laluan terpenting bagi beratus-ratus kapal untuk melakukan pelbagai aktiviti bersifat antarabangsa terutamanya bagi tujuan perdagangan. Hal ini secara tidak langsung menyumbang kepada kesesakan trafik yang amat tinggi, meningkatkan risiko berlakunya perlanggaran dan pertembungan antara kapal yang mengundang tumpahan minyak yang akan menjejaskan biosistem laut. Sungguhpun Bahagian III dan Bahagian XII Konvensyen Undang-Undang Laut 1982 (UNCLOS) diguna pakai untuk mengawal selia isu ini, Fasal 233 secara khususnya menjadi tajuk perbincangan bagi mengenal pasti sejauh mana langkah penguatkuasaan dapat diambil terhadap kapal-kapal yang berbuat kerosakan. Oleh itu, artikel ini mengenal pasti konsep dan definisi Fasal 233 dan keterpakaiannya dalam membendung pencemaran laut di Selat Melaka. Artikel ini turut menganalisis pelaksanaan Fasal 233 yang telah dilakukan oleh Negara-negara Selat serta pemakaian peruntukan UNCLOS 1982 yang lain dalam menguatkuasakan undang-undang di Selat Melaka. Artikel ini turut mengemukakan beberapa cadangan bagi sebarang penambahbaikan terhadap isu pencemaran laut dan kewajipan Negara-negara Selat untuk menangani masalah yang berlaku.
Perkembangan Undang-Undang Persaingan dalam Konteks Harta Intelek di Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, A. Shukor Haliza
Published: August 2021

Undang-undang persaingan telah diperkenalkan di Malaysia sejak tahun 1990-an, namun pada masa itu tidak ada undang-undang khusus mengenai persaingan. Peruntukan berkaitan dengan persaingan terkandung dalam undang-undang yang pelbagai seperti Akta Komunikasi dan Multimedia 1998 dan Akta Suruhanjaya Tenaga 2001. Kerajaan akhirnya mengambil inisiatif untuk memperkenalkan undang-undang khusus mengenai persaingan, yang dikenali sebagai Akta Persaingan 2010 untuk menunjukkan integriti dan komitmen Malaysia terhadap semangat integrasi pasaran di rantau ASEAN. Sejak itu, Malaysia telah mengalami perkembangan undang-undang persaingan, terutamanya berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan undang-undang tersebut dalam pelbagai sektor komersil termasuk harta intelek. Selepas sembilan tahun Akta Persaingan 2010 diwujudkan, Suruhanjaya Persaingan Malaysia (MyCC) telah mengeluarkan garis panduan khusus mengenai harta intelek sebagai maklum balas terhadap keperluan komersil semasa dan memenuhi aspirasi yang dinyatakan dalam Garis Panduan Bab 1 Larangan (Perjanjian Anti-Persaingan). Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan membincangkan perkembangan undang-undang persaingan di Malaysia berkaitan dengan harta intelek. Artikel ini memaparkan kajian kepustakaan yang menggunakan sumber primer dan sekunder untuk perolehan data. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa walaupun MyCC telah mengeluarkan garis panduan khusus berkaitan dengan harta intelek (Garis Panduan Hak Harta Intelek dan Undang-Undang Persaingan) untuk menyelesaikan isu berkaitan dengan harta intelek, namun beberapa penambahbaikan perlu dibuat agar pelaksanaannya dapat dijalankan secara berkesan.
Doktrin Caveat Emptor: Penilaian terhadap Akta Kontrak 1950 dan perundangan Islam
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Abdul Manap Norhoneydayatie , Mat Zain Mat Noor
Published: August 2021

Amalan caveat emptor yang menyerahkan sepenuhnya tanggungjawab kepada pembeli agar berhati-hati ketika melakukan transaksi merupakan satu doktrin yang telah diperkenalkan oleh common law sejak abad ke-13 lagi. Menerusi amalan ini, pihak penjual tidak bertanggungjawab untuk mendedahkan segala maklumat yang diketahuinya kepada pembeli. Di Malaysia, doktrin ini tidak jelas dalam mana-mana peruntukan undang-undang. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemakaian doktrin caveat emptor ini dalam Akta Kontrak 1950. Selain itu, kajian ini juga melihat pandangan perundangan Islam berkaitan dengan amalan doktrin ini. Reka bentuk kajian bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen. Data dianalisis secara analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat beberapa peruntukan dalam Akta Kontrak 1950 yang mengamalkan doktrin caveat emptor, walaupun tidak diperuntukkan secara jelas dalam akta tersebut. Berdasarkan perundangan Islam pula, doktrin ini tidak sesuai dilaksanakan kerana bertentangan dengan prinsip yang terdapat dalam perundangan Islam. Oleh yang demikian, kajian mencadangkan agar pindaan dibuat terhadap peruntukan berkaitan dengan amalan caveat emptor yang terdapat dalam Akta Kontrak 1950.
Tourism and Exports: The Case of Singapore
Authors: Tsounis Nicholas , Agiomirgianakis George M. , Serenis Dimitrios , Adamopoulos Antonios
Published: July 2021

In this article, we examine the relationship between inbound tourism and exports in Singapore. We address whether there is a long-run relationship between exports and tourism and the direction of causality between these two variables. Our findings suggest a long-run relation between
Singapore's exports and inbound tourism and that the causation is bidirectional. This implies that inbound tourism in Singapore results in a higher demand for its domestic products. This increased demand for Singaporean products, in turn, acting as a positive advertising campaign in favor
of Singapore, promotes inbound tourism to this country. The policy implication of these findings is twofold. First, inbound tourism in Singapore not only contributes directly to GDP, employment, and the current account via tourism revenues but also by stimulating exports it improves further
the current account of Singapore. Secondly, the stimulation of exports induced by inbound tourism creates favorable sustainability conditions for the entire tourism sector. however, one should be cautious that this effect is taking more than 9 months to materialize and that inbound tourism
may initially have a negative impact effect on Singapore's exports as the overtime effect of tourism on exports exhibits a J-curve behavior.
Optimal Covid-19 Based PD/PID Cascaded Tracking Control for Robot Arm driven by BLDC Motor
Authors: Shamseldin Mohamed A.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents an efficient covid-19 optimization algorithm to find the optimal values of the PD/PID cascaded controller. The purpose of the control algorithm is to force the link shaft to follow the desired reference position with good accuracy all time. This objective should be achieved for different position/time tracks regardless of load disturbance and parameter variations. This work, simulating how the covid-19 spreads and infects to optimize the parameters of the PD/ PID control. The initial values of PD/PID controller parameters consider the zero patient, which infects new patients (other values of PD/PID controller parameters). The optimization model simulates as accurately as possible the covid-19 activity. The covid-19 has two major advantages compared to other similar strategies. First, the covid-19 parameters are already adjusted according to disease statistics to prevent designers from initializing them with arbitrary values. Second, the approach has the ability to finish after several iterations where the infected population initially grows at an exponential rate. However, after some iterations. The proposed covid-19 was investigated with well-known optimization techniques such as the genetic algorithm (GA) and Harmony Search (HS) optimization. A multi-objective function is used to allow the designer to select the desired rise time, the desired settling time, the desired overshoot, and the desired steady-state error. Several tests have been performed to investigate the obtained proper values of PD/PID controller parameters. In the first test, a step position reference had been applied. In the second test, the continuous change in position reference had been subjected to the robot arm. The results provide that the covid-19 based PD/PID controller has the best performance among other techniques. In addition, the covid-19 based PID controller can track accurately the position command compared to other techniques.
Allantoin and natrosulfatourea, two new bat-guano minerals from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Celestian Aaron J. , Nash Barbara P. , Marty Joe
Published: August 2021

The new minerals allantoin (IMA2020–004a), C4H6N4O3, and natrosulfatourea (IMA2019–134), Na2(SO4)[CO(NH2)2], were found in the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, where they occur together in bat guano in association with aphthitalite and urea. Allantoin properties: colorless, transparent, untwinned blades to 0.3 mm; white streak; vitreous luster; brittle; Mohs hardness 1½; conchoidal fracture; good {100} cleavage; 1.72(2) g/cm3 density; biaxial (+) with α = 1.558(2), β = 1.593(2), γ = 1.715(3); 2V = 60(1)°; slight r > v dispersion; optical orientation: Y = b, Z ^ a = 30° in obtuse β. Natrosulfatourea properties: colorless, transparent, untwinned prisms to 0.3 mm; white streak; vitreous luster; brittle; Mohs hardness 1½; irregular fracture; perfect {100} cleavage; 1.97(2) g/cm3 density; biaxial (+) with α = 1.456(2), β = 1.464(5), γ = 1.524(2); 2V = 42(1)°; no dispersion; optical orientation: X = a, Y = c, Z = b. Quantitative chemical analyses could not be obtained for allantoin. Electron microprobe analyses provided the empirical formula Na2.02(S0.98O4)[CO(NH2)2] for natrosulfatourea. Allantoin is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.0304(9), b = 5.1596(5), c = 14.8011(18) Å, β = 93.017(7)°, V = 612.41(11) Å3, and Z = 4. Natrosufatourea is orthorhombic, Pbcn, a = 5.5918(4), b = 18.1814(14), c = 6.7179(5) Å, V = 682.98(9) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure of allantoin (R1 = 0.0432 for 1073 I > 2σI) is the same as that reported for the equivalent organic compound. In the structure of natrosulfatourea (R1 = 0.0413 for 785 I > 2σI) NaO6 polyhedra and SO4 tetrahedra form polyhedral layers. The O atom of the CO(NH2)2 (urea) group ligates to two Na atoms and projects into the space between polyhedral layers, linking adjacent layers through hydrogen bonds.
Preventive technologies in geriatrics: focus on falls
Authors: Sharashkina N. V. , Runikhina N. K.
Published: August 2021

Falls predict functional status declines in old age and institutionalization. Among the causes of the falls are sensory deficits, cognitive impairment, chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, endocrine diseases, musculoskeletal system pathology, the use of sedatives, antihypertensive drugs, neuroleptics and diuretics, as well as external causes, including inappropriate aids. The optimal diagnostic method in this case is a comprehensive geriatric assessment, which allows for focused history taking, detailing the circumstances of the fall, identification of risk factors and assessment of consequences, the gait and balance testing, determination of the lower limbs and joints functions are hold in the course of CGA along with orthostatic test that detects sensory deficits. Additional measures of mandatory recommendations should be a discussion of rational nutrition, with an emphasis on adequate intake of protein with food and fluids as prevention.
Theoretische und empirische Analysen zum geometrischen Denken
Authors: Sjuts Johann
Published: August 2021

Mathematik ist in Ungarn traditionell von hoher kultureller und wissenschaftlicher Bedeutung. Intention der Buchreihe „Mathematiklehren und -lernen in Ungarn“ ist es, die beispielgebende Rolle des Landes und den inspirativen Austausch über Grenzen hinweg zum Ausdruck zu bringen. Der vorliegende Band enthält – ganz in diesem Sinne – Artikel aus mehreren Ländern. Alle Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit dem geometrischen Denken in der Schulmathematik. Geometrisches Denken ist mit verschiedenen kognitiven Aktivitäten und mentalen Repräsentationen verbunden. Dazu gehören das räumliche Denken und Visualisieren, das Verwenden von Darstellungen (die von handgefertigten Skizzen über Abbildungen mittels dynamischer Geometriesoftware bis zu Anfertigungen von Körpern im 3-D-Druckverfahren reichen), das Bilden von geometrischen Begriffen, das Lösen geometrischer Probleme und das geometrische Argumentieren, Begründen und Beweisen. Die Beiträge im Buch sind auf das geometrische Denken in der ganzen Breite bezogen und verknüpfen Unterrichts- und Forschungsperspektive. Sie widmen sich dabei einerseits der Gestaltung von Lehr-Lern-Arrangements zur Entwicklung des geometrischen Denkens und andererseits der Erprobung von Forschungskonzepten zur Untersuchung des geometrischen Denkens. Die Artikel bieten in ihrer Vielfalt ideenreiche Anregungen sowohl für den Mathematikunterricht als auch für die Lehramtsausbildung in Mathematik. Und sie geben der Mathematikdidaktik wichtige Impulse für Forschung und Lehre.
Reflexion von Skizzen als metakognitive Aktivität beim geometrischen Argumentieren und Beweisen – eine Untersuchung mit Studierenden des Grundschullehramtes
Authors: Abels Nele , Knipping Christine
Published: August 2021

Geometrisches Denken ist eng mit Veranschaulichungen und Zeichnungen verbunden. Kaum ein Beweis in der Geometrie lässt sich ohne Zeichnungen verstehen und nachvollziehen. Dennoch ist das Verhältnis von geometrischen Beweisen und geometrischen Darstellungen ambivalent, da Zeichnungen auch in die Irre führen und täuschen können. Wie herausfordernd der Umgang mit Zeichnungen in geometrischen Beweisen für Lehramtsstudierende sein kann und welche Bedeutung dabei metakognitive Aktivitäten haben, wird in diesem Beitrag anhand von empirischen Fallbeispielen dargestellt. Aus diesen Einsichten lassen sich nicht nur Konsequenzen für die Lehramtsausbildung, sondern auch für den Schulunterricht ableiten.
How can the concept of perimeter and area be developed in 7th grade?
Authors: Kónya Eszter
Published: August 2021

Learning and teaching measurement have a central role in school geometry. In this study, we are focusing on two physical quantities: perimeter (length) and area. We compare the results of two surveys. The first was written at the beginning of the 7th school year, in September, while completed the second one in December of the same year, two weeks after the geometric measurement topic. On the one hand, we were curious about the students' previous knowledge before receiving the new learning material related to the topic under study. On the other hand, we wanted to know how to change students' understanding after focusing on the concepts studied for a few weeks. The characteristics of the concept formation process were also of interest to us.
Argumentieren und Begründen rund um die Mittelsenkrechte
Authors: Möller Anne , Rott Benjamin
Published: August 2021

Im Rahmen einer Gesamtanalyse einer Studie konnten vier Lernende identifiziert werden, die in Bezug auf ihre inhaltlichen Vorkenntnisse (Test1) und in einem Leistungstest direkt danach (Test2) besonders gute und vergleichbare Ergebnisse erzielten. Bei einem späteren Test (Test3) wurde bei einem der vier Lernenden ein enormer Leistungsabfall beobachtet, während die anderen drei wieder eine vergleichbare Leistung zeigten. In diesem Artikel werden die zusätzlichen Einzelinterviews, die nach Test2 für alle vier Lernenden durchgeführt worden waren, analysiert, um Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede als mögliche Erklärung ausfindig zu machen. Alle vier Lernenden erwähnten die erforderliche mathematische Argumentation für beide Aufgaben. Es wurden Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Herleitung der Argumentationen, der Dauer der Interviews und der (sprachlichen) Verwendung des Ortslinienkonzepts der Mittelsenkrechte festgestellt.
The teachings of Alexei Chernyakov about the soul and mind:
reflections and comments
Authors: Gushchin Oleg
Published: July 2021

Chernyakov in his famous monograph reveals the concept of the soul through the opposite — the concept of the mind. But the point is not only in the explication of the concept through the opposite meaning. Following the logic of Chernyakov, the soul and mind at a certain stage fall into a kind of dynamic unity as the highest participation in the divine gaze. Being, according to Aristotle, a common feeling, the soul is through continuous “flipping” of private feelings, and so that in the formula: “I feel and understand what I feel,” the second term is exfoliated, i.e. the terminological limitation has been removed. As a result, the pure movement “feel the feeling of feeling” is released as a continuity of sensual evidence. The soul lives in the gaps of the mind and sees its infinity in them. Chernyakov draws attention to the fact that any distinction is simultaneously and latently the moment of binding distinctions. But the moments of discrimination / binding in soul and mind are given in different ways. Awakening (discriminating), the soul simultaneously connects the different so as to survey the all-encompassing expanse of itself and all that exists in the unity of self-movement. The soul, like the mind, is a form without matter, but in a different way from the mind. The soul also moves towards the object, but does not deviate from it to meet with itself, as the mind does, but passes through the object at the moment when it is already (still) decomposed or is in a de-objectified form. An object, being the energy of the mind, is "weathered" in relation to the soul, leaving a kind of living sensory imprint, the soul revives when it connects sensory imprints of objects, meeting itself in them. Chernyakov, referring to Aristotle, believes that the general feeling really contains in some way all the objects of the senses (but without matter). We explain to ourselves that these objects are in a de-objectified form. Unimpeded by overcoming (opening) the gap of the mind, the soul “sees” (binds) a multitude of sensory forms, in each of which a free gaze as such is released. This is not a gaze fixed on something unchanging. And it is also not a perception, which, as part of a speculative form, adds a new “perceive something” to “I perceive something”. Now the act: “I perceive something” is opened and partially discarded, leaving only an independent, continuous dynamic attachment in the remainder: “perceives” + “perceives” + “perceives”, etc.
"Russia — Europe" in the mirror of Russian philosophical thought (first half of the 19th century)
Authors: Sizemskaya Irina
Published: July 2021

The article presents the interpretation of the problem "Russia — Europe" in Russian philosophical thought in the first half of the 19th century. The analysis includes questions about the role of Russia in European history and the socio-cultural factors of its national development. The author shows that during this period, the main vector of discussion of the topic was associated, on the one hand, with the idea of preserving the "national face" by the Russian people in expanding political and cultural contacts with Europe, and on the other hand, with justifying its readiness / ability to live in the world of national and cultural diversity. The Enlightenment became the initial basis of all philosophical reflections in this vein, and the interrelation of the national and universal principles of the historical process was considered as a mechanism of the civilized life of mankind and positive contacts of peoples with each other. In this research context, the national identity of Russia correlated with the achieved level of civilization: with the nature of relations between the state and civil society, power and people, legal rights and personal freedom of citizens. Within the framework of this approach, the methodological principles of the analysis of the problem "Russia — Europe" were formed, ideas were proposed, the philosophical and worldview meanings of which, as shown in the article, correlate with the key issues of today's models and projects of Russian national development.
Biodiversity, DNA barcoding data and ecological traits of caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) in the catchment area of the Mediterranean karst River Cetina (Croatia)
Authors: Vučković Ivan , Kučinić Mladen , Ćukušić Anđela , Vuković Marijana , Ćuk Renata , Stanić-Koštroman Svjetlana , Cerjanec Darko , Plantak Mladen
Published: August 2021

The environmental and faunistic research conducted included defining the composition and distribution of caddisflies collected using ultraviolet (UV) light trap at 11 stations along the Cetina River, from the spring to the mouth, and also along its tributaries the Ruda River and the Grab River with two sampling stations each, and the Rumin River with one station. The research was conducted in the period from August 2004 until August 2005 on the Cetina and the Ruda rivers, and from April 2007 to September 2007 on the Grab and the Rumin rivers. A total of 71 caddisfly species and 10,048 individuals were recorded in the study area. Results of the composition and structure of caddisflies were processed with statistical methods using the NMDS analysis. There were differences in the composition of caddisflies in the upper, middle and lower reaches. The paper also presents some ecological features of caddisflies, such as seasonal dynamics and diversity of caddisflies communities. Results of this work contribute to faunistic and ecological knowledge of Croatian caddisflies.
ANALISIS FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KESEHATAN MENTAL EMOSIONAL MASYARAKAT DI DUKUH GUMUK SARI DAN GERJEN, PUCANGAN, KARTASURA
Authors: Yulianti Tunjung Sri , Ariasti Dinar
Published: July 2021

Background. Mental health or mental emotional health is a condition of someone who continues to grow and maintain harmony in self-control, and free from serious stress. Advances in technology bring changes in peopleâ€™s lifestyle and change in way of thinking that have consequences in mental health because not everyone can adjust, the result will be to couse tension and a tendency to increase mental health disorders. In Indonesia the number of cases of mental disorderes continues to grow which has an impact on increasing the countryâ€™s burden and decreasing human productivity.

The Aim of the Study. To determine the factors that influence the mental emotional health of the community.

Subject and Method. The subjects were residents of Dukuh Gumuk Sari and Gerjen, Pucangan, Kartasura. This is analytic research with correlation design, statistical test with logistic regression.

Results. There is an influence of somatic factors (p value= 0.000 and OR=50,708), socio-cultural factors (p value= 0.004 and OR= 7,054) and psychological factors (p value= 0.058 and OR=3,800) on mental emotional health of the community.

Conclusion. Somatic, socio-cultural and psychologic factors together have an influence on the emotional mental health of the community. Somatic factors have the greatest influence on the emotional mental health of respondents.

Keywords: emotional mental health, psychological, social culture, somatic

Korespondensi: Tunjung S. Yulianti. STIKES PANTI KOSALA SURAKARTA, Jalan Raya Solo - Baki KM. 4 Gedangan, Grogol, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah.

Email: tejeyulianti@gmail.com.
Botad Jillana sandarbh ma vetan, rojgari ane stalantar sandarbhe khet majur no ek abhyas
Authors: Vansiya Yogesh , Jambukiya Ashok
Published: July 2021

ખેતી સાથેકામ કરȱું સવતે ન પરબળ ̒મ છે, Ȑનેખેતમȩૂર તરક° ઓળખવામાં આવેછે. Ȣૃિષëે́ે
ખેતમȩૂરȵું મહƗવ ઘȰું રહɀ° ું છે. સામાƛય રતે ખેતમȩૂરની માથાદઠ આવક નીચી હોય છે Ȑમાથં ી
પોતાȵું ĥવન િનવા½હ ચલાવɂું ȺƦુક°લ બને છે. તથે ી તેમનેકામȵું યોƊય વળતર મળે, સમાજમાં
પોતાȵું ƥયƈતƗવ ખીલવી શક°, әȧું ĥવનધોરણ ̆ાƜત કર શક° તેવા ̆યƗનો થવા જĮર છે.
ખેતમȩૂરનેબાર°માસ એક સરȣું વેતન ̆ાƜત થȱું નથી. મોટ°ભાગેિશયાળામાં ખતે મȩૂરનેȶરુȱુકામ
અનેȶરુȱુવેતન ̆ાƜત થȱું હોય છે. જયાર° ઉનાળા અને ચોમાસા ઓછા કામની સામે વેતન પણ ઓĠં
મળȱુહોય છે, Ȑના લીધેખેતમȩૂર ȢુȬુંબȵું ĥવનધોરણમાં મોટા બદલાવ આવેછે. તથે ી આ બધા
પાસાને ƚયાનમાં લઈનેખતે મȩૂર રોજગાર, વેતન અને ƨથળાતં ર સદં ભ±̆ƨȱતુ સશં ોધન પેપરમાં
અƟયાસ કરવા ̆યƗન કયҴ છે. ̆ƨȱતુ અƟયાસમાં સભં ાવના આધારત સાદ યદȨ્ િનદશ½ પćિતના
ઉપયોગ Ďારા Ȣુલ ૧૧૯ ખતે મȩૂરનો અƟયાસ કરવામાં આƥયો છે. અƟયાસના હȱ° ઓુ અનેપરકƣપના
ચકાસવા મƚયક, χ
૨
-પરëણ, t-પરëણ Ȑવી ӕકડાશાĘીય પƚધિતઓનો ઉપયોગ કયҴ છે
THE GROWTH FACTORS OF TELECOM INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Authors: Barot Bhavik
Published: July 2021

Globalization, privatization and liberalization accelerated all round reforms in many sectors,
especially in developing economies, in the world. Developing countries- like India have
realized the importance of communication in the later part of 20th century. According to DoT
(2020), today Indian Telecommunication Sector is one of the fastest growing telecom sectors
and it has become the second largest network in the world, next to China. The Government of
India really has encouraged the telecom sector to penetrate in the new markets across the
country by adopting appropriate policies.
Therefore this sector is found to be in a growing path and with its potential will continue to
do so in the future also. Keeping these in view, the present study analyzes the history &
evolution of Indian Telecom Sector, its growth & developments in present scenario along
with the future opportunities of the sector in India.
A sketch of Ngen phonology
Authors: Korol Tatiana
Published: July 2021

The paper provides a preliminary description of the phonology of Ngen, a South Mande language spoken in Ivory Coast. Ngen has a system of oral and nasal vowels. The consonant inventory is characterised by a complementary distribution between [b] and [m], [l] and [n], [y] and [ɲ]. There are 3 level tones. Tone melodies on disyllabic feet exhibit all possible combinations except LH. The majority of nonderived words have CV, CVCV, and CVŋ structures.
Indicadores federativos: indicadores fiscais dos estados da federação no período 2019-2020
Authors:   Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta os Indicadores fiscais dos estados da federação no período 2019-2020.
Searching for Small Circumbinary Planets. I. The STANLEY Automated Algorithm and No New Planets in Existing Systems
Authors: Martin David V. , Fabrycky Daniel C.
Published: August 2021

No circumbinary planets have been discovered smaller than 3 R
⊕, yet planets of this small size comprise over 75% of the discoveries around single stars. The observations do not prove the nonexistence of small circumbinary planets; rather, they are much harder to find than around single stars because their transit timing variations are much larger than the transit durations. We present Stanley, an automated algorithm to find small circumbinary planets. It employs custom methods to detrend eclipsing binary light curves and stack shallow transits of variable duration and interval using N-body integrations. Applied to the Kepler circumbinaries, we recover all known planets, including the three planets of Kepler-47, and constrain the absence of additional planets of similar or smaller size. We also show that we could have detected <3 R
⊕ planets in half of the known systems. Our work will ultimately be applied to a broad sample of eclipsing binaries to (hopefully) produce new discoveries and derive a circumbinary size distribution that can be compared to that for single stars.
Properties of the Obscuring Torus in NGC 1052 from Multiepoch Broadband X-Ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Baloković M. , Cabral S. E. , Brenneman L. , Urry C. M.
Published: August 2021

Obscuration of the innermost parts of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is observed in the majority of the population both in the nearby universe and at high redshift. However, the nature of the structures causing obscuration, especially in low-luminosity AGN, is poorly understood at present. We present a novel approach to multiepoch broadband X-ray spectroscopy, anchored in the long-term average spectrum in the hard X-ray band, applied to the nearby, X-ray-bright AGN in the galaxy NGC 1052. From spectral features due to X-ray reprocessing in the circumnuclear material, based on a simple, uniform-density torus X-ray reprocessing model, we find a covering factor of 80%–100% and a globally averaged column density in the range (1−2) × 1023 cm−2. This closely matches the independently measured variable line-of-sight column density range, leading to a straightforward and self-consistent picture of the obscuring torus in NGC 1052, similar to several other AGN in recent literature. Comparing this X-ray-constrained torus model with measurements of spatially resolved subparsec absorption from radio observations, we find that it may be possible to account for both X-ray and radio data with a torus model featuring a steep density gradient along the axis of the relativistic jets. This provides a valuable direction for the development of improved physical models for the circumnuclear environment in NGC 1052 and potentially in a wider class of AGN.
Characterizing Solar Surface Convection Using Doppler Measurements
Authors: Kashyap Samarth G. , Hanasoge Shravan M.
Published: August 2021

The Helioseismic Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory records line-of-sight Dopplergram images of convective flows on the surface. These images are used to obtain the multiscale convective spectrum. We design a pipeline to process the raw images to remove large-scale features like differential rotation, meridional circulation, limb shift, and imaging artifacts. The Hierarchical Equal Area Pixelization scheme is used to perform spherical harmonic transforms on the cleaned image. Because we only have access to line-of-sight velocities on half the solar surface, we define a “mixing matrix” to relate the observed and true spectra. This enables the inference of poloidal and toroidal flow spectra in a single step through the inversion of the mixing matrix. Performing inversions on a number of flow profiles, we find that the poloidal flow recovery is most reliable among all the components. We also find that the poloidal spectrum is in qualitative agreement with inferences from Local Correlation Tracking of granules. The fraction of power in vertical motions increases as a function of wavenumber and is at the 8% level for ℓ = 1500. In contrast to seismic results and LCT, the flows show nearly no temporal-frequency dependence. Poloidal flow power peaks in the range of ℓ − ∣m∣ ≈ 150–250, which may potentially hint at a latitudinal preference for convective flows.
Unveiling the Population of Wandering Black Holes via Electromagnetic Signatures
Authors: Ricarte Angelo , Tremmel Michael , Natarajan Priyamvada , Quinn Thomas
Published: August 2021

While most galaxies appear to host a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), they are expected to also contain a substantial population of off-center “wandering” SMBHs naturally produced by the hierarchical merger-driven process of galaxy assembly. This population has been recently characterized in an analysis of the Romulus cosmological simulations, which correct for the dynamical forces on SMBHs without artificially pinning them to halo centers. Here we predict an array of electromagnetic signatures for these wanderers. The predicted wandering population of SMBHs from Romulus broadly reproduces the observed spatial offsets of a recent sample of hyperluminous X-ray sources. We predict that the sources with the most extreme offsets are likely to arise from SMBHs within satellite galaxies. These simulations also predict a significant population of secondary active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with luminosities at least 10% that of the central AGN. The majority of galaxies at z = 4 that host a central AGN with bolometric luminosity L
bol > 1042 erg s−1 are predicted to host a companion off-center AGN of comparable brightness. We demonstrate that stacked X-ray observations of similar mass galaxies may reveal a halo of collective emission attributable to these wanderers. Finally, because wanderers dominate the population of SMBHs with masses of ≲107
M
⊙ in Romulus, they may dominate tidal disruption event (TDE) rates at these masses if they retain a stellar component (e.g., a nuclear star cluster). This could warrant an order of magnitude correction to current theoretically estimated TDE rates at low SMBH masses.
One new species of Fannia (Diptera, Fanniidae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: Shuyu Wei , Mingfu Wang , Dong Zhang
Published: August 2021

The Fannidae includes over 400 described species mainly known from the Holarctic Region. Species in Oriental Region is under estimate.

A new species of the genus Fannia (Diptera, Fanniidae) is described from Yunnan, Oriental part of China, namely Fannia menglaensis sp. nov. The detailed description and morphological photographs of F. menglaensis are provided. All specimens are preserved in the Museum of Beijing Forestry University.
Pseudanthias hangapiko, a new anthiadine serranid (Teleostei, Serranidae, Anthiadinae) from Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
Authors: Shepherd Bart , Pinheiro Hudson T. , Phelps Tyler A. Y. , Pérez-Matus Alejandro , Rocha Luiz A.
Published: August 2021

Pseudanthias hangapikosp. nov. (Teleostei, Serranidae, Anthiadinae) is herein described from three specimens collected from a depth of 83 m in a mesophotic coral ecosystem off Hanga Piko, Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Chile. Pseudanthias hangapikosp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners in live coloration and by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays X, 17; anal-fin rays III, 8; pectoral-fin rays 16 (left side of one specimen 17); vertebrae 10+16; scales relatively large, two scales above lateral-line to base of fifth dorsal spine, and 16–17 circumpeduncular scales; gill rakers 11+23; and a slender body, with greatest body depth 3.6 (3.4–3.8) in SL. The most similar DNA barcodes (mitochondrial COI gene) are from Pseudanthias ventralis Randall, 1979 and Pseudanthias hawaiiensis Randall, 1979, with 16.8% and 17.0% uncorrected divergence, respectively. This fish is one of four new species that were documented from a pair of technical dives at a single location in Rapa Nui, emphasizing the high number of undescribed species likely still unknown in mesophotic coral ecosystems, especially in geographically remote locations. Pseudanthias hangapikosp. nov. adds to the Rapa Nui ichthyofauna, which hosts the second-highest level of endemism in both shallow and deep-water fishes.
DNA Barcoding of Portuguese Lacewings (Neuroptera) and Snakeflies (Raphidioptera) (Insecta, Neuropterida)
Authors: Oliveira Daniel , Chaves Cátia , Pinto Joana , Paupério Joana , Fonseca Nuno , Beja Pedro , Ferreira Sónia
Published: August 2021

The orders Neuroptera and Raphidioptera include the species of insects known as lacewings and snakeflies, respectively. In Portugal, these groups account for over 100 species, some of which are very difficult to identify by morphological analysis. This work is the first to sample and DNA sequence lacewings and snakeflies of Portugal. A reference collection was built with captured specimens that were identified morphologically. DNA barcode sequences of 658 bp were obtained from 243 specimens of 54 species. The results showed that most species can be successfully identified through DNA barcoding, with the exception of seven species of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera). Additionally, the first published distribution data are presented for Portugal for the neuropterans Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845) and Myrmecaelurus (Myrmecaelurus) trigrammus (Pallas, 1771).
Back to the future? Remembering extended schools in a post-pandemic world
Authors: Martin Doug , Moss Peter
Published: August 2021

The Covid-19 crisis calls for a transformation of education and schools, with the crisis having shown the many roles and purposes they do and can serve. But, the article argues, in the process of transformation there is another valuable experience to draw on: the 'Every Child Matters'
policy agenda of the Labour government, including the concept of the extended school. Drawing on research into this ambitious programme, the article considers the potential of this image of the school, a rich image that has been wilfully neglected by governments since 2010.
Organising around ideas: Why we need to take the battle of ideas in education more seriously
Authors: Tomlinson Chloe , Stevenson Howard
Published: August 2021

In this article we develop the notion of 'organising around ideas'. We highlight the ways in which education debate in England has narrowed as traditional spaces for discussion and debate have been closed down. The state now has extraordinary power to shape discourses and frame narratives
about the purposes of schooling. Here we argue that we must find new ways to engage in the battle of ideas, not simply as an exercise in rational argument, but as an essential element of organising and movement building. The article provides three short case studies of 'organising around ideas'
in action to illustrate what this work can look like. The cases are not templates, but illustrate the flexible, grassroots-based activity that is central to building a movement from the bottom up.
Diagnosis and Management of Antibiotic Allergies
Authors: Kim Joo-Hee
Published: August 2021

Drug allergies encompass a spectrum of immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions with various mechanisms and clinical presentations. β-lactam drugs are common causes of drug allergies. A detailed clinical history as well as skin and drug provocation tests, are essential to diagnose drug allergies. The key to successful treatment is avoidance or discontinuation of the offending drug, and replacing it with a safe alternative. Cross-reactivities among β-lactam antibiotics should be considered when choosing alternative medications. Proper management of β-lactam allergies is important at the individual and population levels, to reduce the likelihood of drug allergies and prevent antibiotic-related adverse outcomes.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treating Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease of the Gut
Authors: Yeon Sang Hoon , Lee Myung-Won , Jo Deog-Yeon , Heo Bu-Yeon , Kwon Jaeyul , Song Ik-Chan
Published: August 2021

Restoring the microbiota via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can be an effective treatment for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of the gut. Here, we report two adult patients who underwent FMT to treat steroid-refractory acute GVHD of the gut. The first patient was a 43-year-old man who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with cells from a matched sibling donor. The second patient was a 70-year-old woman who underwent haplo-identical HSCT with cells from her son. Gut GVHD developed at 7 and 4 weeks after HSCT, respectively. After undergoing FMT, the clinical symptoms improved; the first patient had a complete response and the second patient had a partial response. Microbial analyses using RNA gene sequencing showed that a diverse fecal microbiome was recovered by 4 weeks after FMT. FMT should be considered an effective therapeutic option for managing steroid-refractory acute GVHD of the gut.
Les concepts
Authors: Lavigne Adeline
Published: August 2021

L’empowerment est un concept émergeant couramment usité dans les discours. Cependant, quel(s) contour(s) donnons-nous à ce concept ? Quelle(s) réalité(s) évoquons-nous ? Sommes-nous, tacitement, collégialement, en accord sur son acception, sur sa définition ? Et, de ce fait, lui conférons-nous la même réalité ? Qu’entendons-nous donc par empowerment, et, par conséquence, qu’est-ce que cela engage et implique ?
Approximate controllability of fractional neutral evolution systems of hyperbolic type
Authors: Xi Xuan-Xuan , Hou Mimi , Zhou Xian-Feng , Wen Yanhua
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we deal with fractional neutral evolution systems of hyperbolic type in Banach spaces. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the mild solution and prove the approximate controllability of the systems under different conditions. These results are mainly based on fixed point theorems as well as constructing a Cauchy sequence and a control function. In the end, we give an example to illustrate the validity of the main results.
Exact boundary null controllability for a coupled system of plate equations with variable coefficients
Authors: Yang Fengyan
Published: August 2021

This paper studies a coupled system of plate equations with variable coefficients, subject to the clamped boundary conditions. By the Riemannian geometry approach, the duality method, the multiplier technique and a compact perturbation method, we establish exact boundary null controllability of the system under verifiable assumptions.
The rabbinic model of sovereignty in biblical and imperial contexts
Authors: Naiweld Ron
Published: July 2021

As the constitutive text of rabbinic Judaism, the Mishnah provides a unique theological and political framework shaped through contact with both Jewish and Roman influences. The following is an attempt to reconstruct this framework by examining the rabbinic legal institution of the beit din in relation to the priestly model of sovereignty, on the one hand, and to the imperial context, on the other. Special attention is given to the Edict of Caracalla, issued shortly before the redaction of the Mishnah, and to the theological justification it gives to the universalization of Roman citizenship.
Early Christian perspectives on Roman law and Mosaic law
Authors: Fowler Kimberley
Published: July 2021

This paper will consider four Christian sources from between the second and fourth centuries CE, all of which in their own way represent Roman law as to some degree dependant on, inspired by, or compatible with that of Moses. The nuanced viewpoints put forward by each writer, however, evidence more particular agendas and responses to the challenge of following both God’s laws and those of Rome. Whether authors were writing in the pre- or post-Christianised Empire was a factor in some cases, as was the perceived relationship of certain authors between Christianity and Judaism. I will argue firstly that Roman law was primarily for certain early Christian authors a polemical tool by which to argue for the distinction between Christianity and Judaism. Secondly, I will show that by directly or indirectly connecting the Mosaic and Roman laws, Christian authors were able to further both pro- and anti-Roman agendas.
Jewish judicial patrons and advocates in the Western Roman Empire (5th century)
Authors: Nemo-Pekelman Capucine
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the very concrete circumstances in which Jewish litigants were exposed to Roman law, raising questions about those individuals, mainly Jewish judicial patrons and advocates, who bridged Jewish communities and the world of the courts. Focusing on the Western part of the empire at the onset of the 5th century, it addresses the social origins, intellectual education, and professional careers of these intermediaries. Jewish judicial patrons and advocates were considered threats by Christian opponents. Eventually, the latter convinced the central government to banish them from the judicial and legal world of the West.
A rabbinic postliminium
Authors: Malka Orit , Paz Yakir
Published: July 2021

The commonly held scholarly opinion is that according to tannaitic law, captivity does not impact the legal bonds of the captive, and thus does not void a captive’s property rights. In this paper, based on the exposition of conflicting strata in t. Ketubbot 3:8, we uncover a view that captives’ property rights are undermined upon capture and the captives regain their previous rights only when they physically return. This is similar to Roman law, where a captured person ceases to be a citizen, and as a result, all his or her legal bonds – among them property rights – are undermined. However, if the captive returns, his or her civil status is resurrected and rights reinstated through the institution of postliminium. We thus argue that the Tosefta displays a deep internalization of Roman concepts regarding the legal consequences of captivity and formulates a rabbinic version of postliminium.
Story Shaping Ideology
Authors: Keller Tina Marie
Published: August 2021

Using interviews, artifacts, email correspondences, and lesson plans collected from six white, female, preservice teachers during their student teaching, this chapter focuses on the stories that shaped their ideologies of the emergent bilingual children in their classrooms. The findings indicate the preservice teachers, while having diverse lived experiences, held some common majoritarian stories concerning English learners. In addition to those majoritarian stories already established in the field, there were three additional stories uncovered in this study that significantly influenced the ideologies of emergent bilingual students. The chapter concludes by encouraging teacher educators to unpack story and use it as a vehicle for addressing teacher ideology of emergent bilingual students.
The Ethics of Teacher Responses to Translingual Student Writing
Authors: Connolly Lauren M.
Published: August 2021

This chapter will discuss the history of instructor comments in first-year writing and consider the differences in commenting for translingual students, native English-speaking students, as well as students from various language backgrounds and experiences. The goal is to consider ways beyond simply pointing out errors in students' writing and consider the rhetorical appropriateness of the students' texts and how instructors can provide comments to students to maintain the integrity of students' language backgrounds.
Increasing Access to and Success in Higher Education and the Role of Ethical Leadership
Authors: Lohani Sharada Neupane
Published: August 2021

This chapter discusses the importance of access and success in U.S. higher education, particularly positing how marginalized students still, in some ways, fail to both access higher education and succeed in it and stresses the need for the fair inclusion of marginalized student population into higher education, giving them fair chances to succeed. The chapter holds culturally irrelevant pedagogy, educational policy handicaps, income inequities, dwindling education funds, and biased assessment criteria which favor native speakers of English over others responsible for this state and that these should be addressed immediately. The chapter, leaning on scholars like R.W. Rebore, also emphasizes the role of ethical leadership as indispensable to ensure the execution of different policies and actions that align with notions of equity and justice. This will, the chapter argues, help ensure that the disadvantaged student population gets to enjoy the rewards of higher education as much as their white colleagues do.
Integrating Social and Health Services for People, Communities, Homes, and Places
Authors: Illario Maddalena , De Luca Vincenzo , Roller-Wirnsberger Regina
Published: August 2021

The challenge of an ageing population requires a paradigmatic shift in the way we provide social and healthcare services, demanding the need to prioritize the functionality and independence of older adults. The risk and subsequent fear of falling is one of the most high-risk states for older adults, as it generates a destabilizing effect on their health that is often hard to recover. It is essential to thoroughly address their risk factors and mitigators. This discussion needs to be made in light of a person-centered perspective that goes beyond fragilities to capitalize on the strengths of the older adults. The chapter provides examples of how to connect assessment, interventions, and monitoring to a coherent framework approach that mitigates the risks and the impact of falls on an ageing society. The authors explore how technological innovation, urban planning, and regional policies that are culturally relevant can be incorporated in creating a circular economy while meeting the needs of an aging population and preventing falls and cognitive decline.