bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of oxidation at an elevated temperature on the evolution of phases, microstructure, and properties of the oxide films formed on the surface of TiZr
Authors: Chang Shih-Hang , Li Zong-Yu
Published: March 2023

This study examined the evolution of the microstructure, microhardness, corrosion resistance, and selective leaching properties of oxide films formed on the surface of a Ti–50Zr (%) alloy during heat treatment at 600 °C for various time intervals. According to our experimental results, the growth and evolution of oxide films can be divided into three stages. In stage I (heat treatment for less than 2 min), ZrO2 was first formed on the surface of the TiZr alloy, which slightly improved its corrosion resistance. In stage II (heat treatment for 2–10 min), the initially generated ZrO2 is gradually transformed into ZrTiO4 from the top to the bottom of the surface layer. The formation of ZrTiO4 significantly improves the microhardness and corrosion resistance of the alloy. In stage III (heat treatment for more than 10 min), microcracks appeared and propagated on the surface of the ZrTiO4 film, deteriorating the surface properties of the alloy. The ZrTiO4 began to peel off after heat treatment for more than 60 min. The untreated and heat-treated TiZr alloys exhibited excellent selective leaching properties in Ringer’s solution, whereas a trace amount of suspended ZrTiO4 oxide particles formed in the solution after soaking the 60 min heat-treated TiZr alloy for 120 days. Surface modification of the TiZr alloy by generating an intact ZrTiO4 oxide film effectively improved its microhardness and corrosion resistance; however, oxidation should be performed appropriately to obtain materials with optimal properties for biomedical applications.
Possible contribution of phosphate to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in dolphins
Authors: Jahan Nourin , Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Kaneko Kiyoko , Rahman Asadur , Nishiyama Takeshi , Koizumi Makoto , Yamanaka Shuichiro , Kitada Kento , Sugiura Yuki , Matsui Kenji , Yokoo Takashi , Hamano Takayuki , Kuro-o Makoto , Itou Takuya , Suzuki Miwa , Ueda Keiichi , Nishiyama Akira
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate whether phosphate contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dolphins. Renal necropsy tissue of an aged captive dolphin was analyzed and in vitro experiments using cultured immortalized dolphin proximal tubular (DolKT-1) cells were performed. An older dolphin in captivity died of myocarditis, but its renal function was within the normal range until shortly before death. In renal necropsy tissue, obvious glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes were not observed except for renal infarction resulting from myocarditis. However, a computed tomography scan showed medullary calcification in reniculi. Micro area X-ray diffractometry and infrared absorption spectrometry showed that the calcified areas were primarily composed of hydroxyapatite. In vitro experiments showed that treatment with both phosphate and calciprotein particles (CPPs) resulted in cell viability loss and lactate dehydrogenase release in DolKT-1 cells. However, treatment with magnesium markedly attenuated this cellular injury induced by phosphate, but not by CPPs. Magnesium dose-dependently decreased CPP formation. These data support the hypothesis that continuous exposure to high phosphate contributes to the progression of CKD in captive-aged dolphins. Our data also suggest that phosphate-induced renal injury is mediated by CPP formation in dolphins, and it is attenuated by magnesium administration.
Risk assessment of human exposure to airborne pesticides in rural greenhouses
Authors: Hu Yuzhao , Wu Shuai , Lyu Wei , Ning Jun , She Dongmei
Published: March 2023

In comparison to an open field, greenhouses utilize much more pesticides. The non-occupational exposure risk caused by pesticide drift is unknown. In this study, within 8 months (from March 2018 to October 2018), air samples were collected from indoor and outdoor houses and public areas near greenhouses in vegetable growing areas (eggplant, leek, garlic, etc.), and qualitative and quantitative analyses of pesticides were carried out. Using a 95% confidence interval, six pesticides (acetamiprid, difenoconazole, thiazophos, isoprocarb, malathion, and pyridaben) were detected. The results of the safety assessment showed that the non-cancer exposure risk of single pesticides for all residents in the agricultural areas was within the acceptable range, and the excess lifetime cancer risk of all residents inhaling difenoconazole exceeded 1E−6, and the agricultural region urgently needs increased cancer regulatory scrutiny. But combined toxicity of six pesticides not evaluated due to lack of suitable data. Comparison with open field scenes, the results show that pesticide levels to airborne are lower in greenhouse regions.
An adversarial training framework for mitigating algorithmic biases in clinical machine learning
Authors: Yang Jenny , Soltan Andrew A. S. , Eyre David W. , Yang Yang , Clifton David A.
Published: March 2023

Machine learning is becoming increasingly prominent in healthcare. Although its benefits are clear, growing attention is being given to how these tools may exacerbate existing biases and disparities. In this study, we introduce an adversarial training framework that is capable of mitigating biases that may have been acquired through data collection. We demonstrate this proposed framework on the real-world task of rapidly predicting COVID-19, and focus on mitigating site-specific (hospital) and demographic (ethnicity) biases. Using the statistical definition of equalized odds, we show that adversarial training improves outcome fairness, while still achieving clinically-effective screening performances (negative predictive values >0.98). We compare our method to previous benchmarks, and perform prospective and external validation across four independent hospital cohorts. Our method can be generalized to any outcomes, models, and definitions of fairness.
Analysis of PEG-lipid anchor length on lipid nanoparticle pharmacokinetics and activity in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Waggoner Lauren E. , Miyasaki Katelyn F. , Kwon Ester J.
Published: March 2023

Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and activity of lipid nanoparticles formulated with polyethylene glycol-lipids of different anchor lengths after systemic administration to a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.
Modulating nanostructure morphology and mesomorphic properties using unsaturation in cardanol–azo benzenes
Authors: Raju Anjali , Kuthanapillil Jyothish , Mathews Manoj , Shankar Rao Doddamane S. , Vallooran Jijo J. , John George
Published: March 2023

Herein, we report the synthesis and self-assembly of a new class of amphiphilic azo dyes derived from a plant-based phenol, cardanol.
Alkylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as a dopant in the hole-transporting layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kim Youngwoong , Kim Geunjin , Park Eun Young , Moon Chan Su , Lee Seung Joo , Yoo Jason J. , Nam Seongsik , Im Jino , Shin Seong Sik , Jeon Nam Joong , Seo Jangwon
Published: March 2023

We develop a new series of ionic liquids with dual functionality as a dopant for hole transport materials and a passivator for perovskite surfaces, which enables the production of large-area solar modules with efficiencies approaching 20%.
Single-atom copper catalyst for the S-arylation reaction to produce diaryl disulfides
Authors: Zhao Yiming , Zhou Yan , Lv Shanshan , Li Han , Wu Qikang , Liu Shaohuan , Li Wanying , Chen Taiyu , Chen Zheng
Published: March 2023

Through the anchoring of copper by terminal hydroxyl groups on the CeOx surface, the single-atom Cu catalysts (Cu1/CeOx) have been synthesized and shown excellent catalytic performance in S-arylation reaction to produce diaryl disulfides.
Machine learning enables precise holographic characterization of colloidal materials in real time
Authors: Altman Lauren E. , Grier David G.
Published: March 2023

Holographic particle characterization uses in-line holographic video microscopy to track and characterize individual colloidal particles dispersed in their native fluid media.
Symmetry breaking: an efficient structure design of nonfullerene acceptors to reduce the energy loss in organic solar cells
Authors: Liu Tianyi , Zheng Hui , Yu Xinyu , Shi Shengwei , Zhou Yinhua , Li Zhong'an
Published: March 2023

This perspective summarizes the recently encouraging progress of asymmetric fused ring electron acceptors and tries to show a picture of the relationship between the asymmetric molecular structure, energy loss and device performance.
Kinetic analysis of highly effective triplex formation between a small molecule–peptide nucleic acid conjugate probe and the influenza A virus RNA promoter region at neutral pH
Authors: Okeke Chioma Uche , Miura Hiromasa , Sato Yusuke , Nishizawa Seiichi
Published: March 2023

The binding of PNA–small molecule conjugate probes to IAV RNA was examined by means of a stopped-flow technique. It is highly likely that conjugation is the key factor to realize the effective triplex formation of PNA with natural nucleobases at neutral pH.
Catalytic aminomethylative etherification of N-allenamides with N,O-acetals enabled by Lewis/Brønsted acid catalysis
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ji Danqing , Sun Jiangtao
Published: March 2023

An acid-catalyzed aminomethylative etherification of N-allenamides with N,O-acetals has been achieved under mild reaction conditions.
Amphiphilic tetra-PCL-b-PEG star block copolymers using benzoxazinone-based linking groups
Authors: Bunk Carolin , Komber Hartmut , Lang Michael , Fribiczer Nora , Geisler Martin , Formanek Petr , Jakisch Lothar , Seiffert Sebastian , Voit Brigitte , Böhme Frank
Published: March 2023

Two well-defined amphiphilic tetra-arm star block copolymers with a poly(ε-caprolactone) core and poly(ethylene glycol) arms were prepared by a hetero-complementary linkage reaction and studied with respect to their solution behavior in water.
Catechol-free ternary random copolymers for strong and repeatable underwater adhesion
Authors: Qiu Wenlian , Huang Yi , Zhu He , Zhang Qi , Zhu Shiping
Published: March 2023

Ternary random copolymers consisting of chemical features of nonphenolic aromatic groups, cations, and polar side chains enabled excellent underwater adhesion.
Utilization of methanol for condensation interrupted chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of CC, CO, and CN bonds under low catalyst loading
Authors: Sau Anirban , Mahapatra Divya , Dey Sadhan , Panja Dibyajyoti , Saha Saghnik , Kundu Sabuj
Published: March 2023

Selective transfer hydrogenation (TH) of unsaturated molecules using methanol is challenging as the in situ generated formaldehyde is prone to react with the active methylene (C-methylation) or amine (N-methylation) core of the desired product.
Gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose edible films: modification of physical properties by different hydrocolloids and application in beef preservation in combination with shallot waste powder
Authors: Tran Thi Tuong Vi , Nguyen Nhu-Ngoc , Nguyen Quoc-Duy , Nguyen Tran-Phong , Lien Tuyet-Ngan
Published: March 2023

In this work, a gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) base formulation was first modified by using different hydrocolloids like oxidized starch (1404), hydroxypropyl starch (1440), locust bean gum, xanthan gum, and guar gum.
Determination of active sites on the synthesis of novel Lewis acidic deep eutectic solvent catalysts and kinetic studies in microalgal biodiesel production
Authors: Potchamyou Ngatcha Ange Douglas , Zhao Anqi , Zhang Shen , Xiong Wenlong , Sarker Moinuddin , Xu Jingliang , Alam Md. Asraful
Published: March 2023

Experimental and theoretical considerations for kinetic modeling of the transesterification reaction of microalgae lipids into biodiesel were investigated using Lewis acid deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a catalyst.
Retraction: Investigation on corrosion protection and mechanical performance of minerals substituted hydroxyapatite coating on HELCDEB-treated titanium using pulsed electrodeposition method
Authors: Gopi D. , Karthika A. , Rajeswari D. , Kavitha L. , Pramod R. , Dwivedi Jishnu
Published: March 2023

Retraction of ‘Investigation on corrosion protection and mechanical performance of minerals substituted hydroxyapatite coating on HELCDEB-treated titanium using pulsed electrodeposition method’ by D. Gopi et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 34751–34759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA04484C.
Retraction: Ball flower like manganese, strontium substituted hydroxyapatite/cerium oxide dual coatings on the AZ91 Mg alloy with improved bioactive and corrosion resistance properties for implant applications
Authors: Gopi D. , Murugan N. , Ramya S. , Shinyjoy E. , Kavitha L.
Published: March 2023

Retraction of ‘Ball flower like manganese, strontium substituted hydroxyapatite/cerium oxide dual coatings on the AZ91 Mg alloy with improved bioactive and corrosion resistance properties for implant applications' by D. Gopi et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 27402–27411, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA03432A.
High energy storage efficiency and excellent recoverable energy storage density realized in 0.65Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.35BaTiO3–SrZr0.5Ti0.5O3 ceramics
Authors: Wang Minquan , Lin Ying , Chen Mi , Zhang Miao , Yuan Qibin , Yang Haibo
Published: March 2023

A considerable recoverable energy density (Wrec = 4.32 J cm−3) associated with enhanced energy efficiency (η = 93.48%) was concurrently obtained in the 0.70BBNT–0.30STZ ceramic at 302 kV cm−1.
From Recognizing Known Words to Learning New Ones: Comparing Online Speech Processing in Typically Developing and Late-Talking 2-Year-Olds
Authors: LaTourrette Alexander , Waxman Sandra , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Norton Elizabeth S. , Weisleder Adriana
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

This study examines online speech processing in typically developing and late-talking 2-year-old children, comparing both groups' word recognition, word prediction, and word learning.

Method:

English-acquiring U.S. children, from the “When to Worry” study of language and social–emotional development, were identified as typical talkers (
n
= 67,
M
age
= 27.0 months,
SD
= 1.4; Study 1) or late talkers (
n
= 30,
M
age
= 27.0 months,
SD
= 2.0; Study 2). Children completed an eye-tracking task assessing their ability to recognize both nouns and verbs, to use verbs to predict an upcoming noun's referent, and to use verbs to infer the meaning of novel nouns.

Results:

Both typical and late talkers recognized nouns and verbs and used familiar verbs to predict the referents of upcoming nouns, whether the noun was familiar (“You can eat the apple”) or novel (“You can eat the dax”). Late talkers were slower in using familiar nouns to orient to the target and were both slower and less accurate in using familiar verbs to identify the upcoming noun's referent. Notably, however, both groups learned and retained novel word meanings with similar success.

Conclusions:

Late talkers demonstrated slower lexical processing, especially for verbs. Yet, their success in using familiar verbs to learn novel nouns suggests that, as a group, their slower processing did not impair word learning in this task. This sets the foundation for future work investigating whether these measures predict later language outcomes and can differentiate late talkers with transient delays from those with language disorders.
New methods and functionalities for railway maintenance through a draisine prototype based on RADAR sensors
Authors: Gomez‐Jauregui Valentin , Agustín Javier , Badolato Alejandro , del‐Castillo‐Igareda Jesús , Bobi Juan de Dios Sanz , Carrera‐Monterde Ana , Manchado Cristina , Otero César
Published: March 2023

Inspection of the railway tracks requires relying on a precise positioning system that accurately determines the location of potential failures and deficiencies. Therefore, measuring the speed and precise location of rail vehicles is essential. Many methods and approaches have been proposed, but most of them lack several conditions that do not allow them to be optimal for this task. In this paper, the authors present a novel method for measuring the speed of a train by means of the time correlation approach, by using 2‐mm wave radar sensors. Additionally, it is also an accurate positioning system because the authors prove that the track has a unique profile, sufficiently characteristic and stable over time, that serves as a distinctive signature, which can be used to locate the vehicle at any point on that track. As a result, this new methodology, combined with a laser profilometer device, can be used as an effective inspection system for cracks or deficiencies in the rails, sleepers, fastenings, bolts etc., locating them precisely on the railway track.
Aspect ratios of far-infrared and H I filaments in the diffuse interstellar medium at high Galactic latitudes
Authors: Kalberla P. M. W. , Haud U.
Published: March 2023

Context. Dusty magnetized structures observable in the far-infrared (FIR) at high Galactic latitudes are ubiquitous and found to be closely related to H I filaments with coherent velocity structures.

Aims. Considering dimensionless morphological characteristics based on Minkowski functionals, we determine the distribution of filamentarities ℱ and aspect ratios 𝒜 for these structures.

Methods. Our data are based on Planck FIR and HI4PI H I observations. Filaments have previously been extracted by applying the Hessian operator. We trace individual filamentary structures along the plane of the sky and determine 𝒜 and ℱ.

Results. Filaments in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) are seldom isolated structures, but are rather part of a network of filaments with a well-defined, continuous distribution in 𝒜 and ℱ. This distribution is self-replicating, and the merger or disruption of individual filamentary structures leads only to a repositioning of the filament in 𝒜 and ℱ without changing the course of the distribution.

Conclusions. FIR and H I filaments identified at high Galactic latitudes are a close match to model expectations for narrow filaments with approximately constant widths. This distribution is continuous without clear upper limits on the observed aspect ratios. Filaments are associated with enhanced column densities of CO-dark H2. Radial velocities along the filaments are coherent and mostly linear with typical dispersions of ∆υLSR = 5.24 km s−1. The magnetic field strength in the diffuse turbulent ISM scales with hydrogen volume density as B ∝ nH0.58. At high Galactic latitudes, we determine an average turbulent magnetic field strength of 〈δB〉 = 5.3 µG and an average mean strength of the magnetic field in the plane of the sky of 〈BPOS〉 = 4.4 µG.
Covariances from model variation: Application to quantities for astrophysics
Authors: Rochman Dimitri , Koning Arjan , Goriely Stéphane
Published: March 2023

In this work, covariance matrices coming from model variations, in contrast to the usual parameter variations, are presented. The considered phenomenological and microscopic models are included in the code TALYS, and concern level densities, gamma strength functions, optical potentials and masses. A total of 288 model sets for each isotope is used to estimate both uncertainties and correlations from systematical origin. The calculated quantities are of interest for astrophysical applications, such as capture cross sections, and reaction rates. The isotopes (3 ≤ Z ≤ 100) are from the proton to neutron drip lines, covering about 8800 cases, and are included in the TENDL-2021 library.
Applicability evaluation of Akaike’s Bayesian information criterion to covariance modeling in the cross-section adjustment method
Authors: Maruyama Shuhei , Endo Tomohiro , Yamamoto Akio
Published: March 2023

The applicability of Akaike’s Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC) to the covariance modeling in the cross-section adjustment method has been investigated. In the conventional cross-section adjustment method, the covariance matrices are assumed to be true. However, this assumption is not always appropriate. To improve the reliability of the cross-section adjustment method, the estimation of the covariance model using the metric ABIC has been introduced, and the performance of ABIC has been investigated through simple numerical experiments. This paper derives the formula to efficiently evaluate ABIC which is represented by a lower rank matrix to enable numerical experiments with large samples in a realistic computation time. From the results of the numerical experiments, it has been confirmed that ABIC tends to select a covariance model with fewer hyperparameters and a smaller variance for the estimation error. However, it has also been found that this desirable property of ABIC will be lost when the structure of the covariance model is far from the true one.
Updates to the AMUR code for R-matrix analyses on heavy nuclei
Authors: Kunieda Satoshi , Endo Shunsuke , Kimura Atsushi
Published: March 2023

The AMUR code, that had been initially designed for R-matrix analysis on light nuclei, was updated to perform resonance analyses on heavy nuclei by including approximated theories with experimental corrections such as resolution function. As a feasibility study, we tested these updates by performing a covariance analysis on J-PARC/ANNRI measured data for n+93Nb reactions. In this work we present preliminary results obtained from the fitting procedure including both R-matrix resonance parameters and parameters related to the experimental corrections. We also discuss about physical constraint from the theory for forthcoming in-depth analysis to the measurements.
Rauchen – Wissenswertes über Tabak und alternative Produkte
Authors: Urlbauer Matthias
Published: March 2023

Tabakrauchen ist weltweit die häufigste vermeidbare Ursache für Krankheit und vorzeitigen Tod. Rauchen ist keine Life-Style-Entscheidung oder nur eine (schlechte) Angewohnheit. Es ist eine
chronische Krankheit, die viele Erkrankungen mitverursacht und aggraviert. Durch das psychoaktive Nikotin ist Rauchen zusätzlich eine Suchterkrankung. Bei der Strategie zur Harm Reduction
sollen Raucher die Tabakzigarette durch alternative nikotinhaltige Produkte („Alternative Nicotine Delivery Products“), wie die E-Zigarette oder Tabakerhitzer (Heat-not-burn-Produkte),
ersetzen. Tabakkonzerne bewerben im Rahmen ihrer Marketingstrategie diese Produkte mit einer Schadstoffreduktion um 95%. Jedoch stehen unabhängige Forschungen und Langzeitergebnisse
diesbezüglich aus. Raucher, die zu derartigen Produkten wechseln, sind durch die fortbestehende Nikotinabhängigkeit weiterhin langfristig den Belastungen durch (kardio)toxische und
karzinogene Substanzen ausgesetzt. Die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen dieser inhalativen Noxen werden dargestellt, wobei die Heat-not-burn-Produkte eine Mittelstellung zwischen der
schädlichsten Tabakzigarette und den (möglicherweise) weniger gesundheitsschädlichen E-Zigaretten einnehmen. Das Fortbestehen einer (wenn auch reduzierten) kontinuierlichen Exposition in
Verbindung mit einer Nikotinabhängigkeit ist keine Alternative zu einer professionellen evidenzbasierten multimodalen Tabakentwöhnung, die endlich flächendeckend (auch in Deutschland)
angeboten werden muss. Ziel sollte der komplette Verzicht auf inhalative Noxen sein, ohne jegliche Toleranz für die Marketingstrategien der Tabakkonzerne.
Stärkung der Prävention: von der Früherkennung bis zur qualifizierten Nachsorge
Authors: Wienbergen Harm , Hambrecht Rainer
Published: March 2023

Aktuelle Versorgungsstudien zeigen eine alarmierende Zunahme lebensstilassoziierter kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren (wie Adipositas und körperliche Inaktivität) in der Bevölkerung; eine
Verstärkung dieser Entwicklung ist durch die Coronapandemie zu befürchten. Aufklärungsmaßnahmen (insbesondere in Bevölkerungsschichten mit niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status) sowie
konsequentes politische Handeln (z. B. beim Nichtraucherschutz oder bei der Steuerung von Ernährungsverhalten) sind deshalb von großer Wichtigkeit.

Für die Risikostratifikation und Früherkennung von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen bei einzelnen Personen empfehlen die aktuellen europäischen Leitlinien SCORE2 unter Beachtung von
Risikomodifikatoren (Bildgebung mit Karotis-Ultraschall oder Kardio-CT, psychosoziale und ethnische Faktoren, Begleiterkrankungen). Zukünftig werden voraussichtlich deutlich komplexere
Methoden der Risikostratifikation zur Verfügung stehen (insbesondere Genetik und künstliche Intelligenz), die aber derzeit noch nicht für den Routineeinsatz empfohlen werden.

In der Nachsorge von Patienten mit manifesten Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen besteht ein großer Verbesserungsbedarf zur nachhaltigen Einstellung der Risikofaktoren. Aktuelle Studien haben die
Effektivität von intensiven Langzeit-Präventions-Programmen nachgewiesen, die durch Präventions-Assistent*innen mit ärztlicher Supervision durchgeführt werden. Deshalb wurde im letzten Jahr
ein deutschlandweit standardisiertes Curriculum zur Ausbildung von kardiovaskulären Präventions-Assistent*innen eingeführt, die nun in der Praxis die präventivmedizinische Nachsorge der
Patienten*innen verbessern können.
Körperliche Aktivität/Sport – Auswirkung unterschiedlicher Trainingsformen und -intensitäten auf das Herz
Authors: Schmied Christian
Published: March 2023

„Das Sport-Paradox“ beschreibt die Ambivalenz zwischen einerseits klar evidenzbasierten gesundheitlichen Vorteilen des regelmäßigen Sporttreibens und andererseits der ebenso unumstrittenen
gesundheitlichen Nachteile, die der Sport mit sich bringen kann.

Mindestens 30 Minuten moderate körperliche Belastung (bei Kindern 60 Minuten), an mindesten 5 Tagen pro Woche sind notwendig, um die gesundheitlichen Vorteile zu erreichen. Das
Herz-Kreislaufsystem unterliegt dabei, bei regelmäßigem intensiven, vor allem dynamischem Ausdauertraining physiologischen Adapationen, welche von verschiedenen weiteren Faktoren abhängen.
Während die exzentrische Hypertrophie des linken Ventrikels, in der Regel, reversibel ist, zeigt sich die „right ventricular fatigue“, bei entsprechender genetischer Belastung teilweise
progredient. Dilatation und Fibrosierung der Vorhöfe führen zu einem erhöhten Risiko für ein Vorhofflimmern und auch eine häufig klinisch asymptomatische Dilatation der Aorta oder eine durch
chronischen Stress bedingte Koronarsklerose können potenziell schwerwiegende Folgen mit sich bringen. Umso entscheidender sind individuelle und spezifische Trainingsempfehlungen.
Weiterentwickelte zielgruppenorientierte Influenzaimpfstoffe – Neue Evidenz zeigt höhere Effektivität bei älteren Erwachsenen
Authors: Frühwein Markus , Schelling Jörg , Wahle Klaus , Beier Dietmar , Kwetkat Anja , Schwarz Tino F.
Published: March 2023

Die saisonale Influenza verursacht eine signifikante Krankheitslast in der deutschen
Bevölkerung und geht mit hohen volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten einher. Personen ab 60 Jahren sind
aufgrund von Immunseneszenz und chronischen Erkrankungen besonders gefährdet und machen einen
Großteil der influenzaassoziierten Hospitalisierungen und Todesfälle aus. Adjuvantierter,
Hochdosis-, rekombinanter und zellbasierter Influenzaimpfstoff wurden entwickelt, um die
Effektivität im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Impfstoffen zu verbessern. Neueste
Beobachtungsstudien zeigen eine bessere Effektivität des adjuvantierten Impfstoffs gegenüber
herkömmlichen Impfstoffen und eine ähnliche Effektivität wie der Hochdosis-Impfstoff bei
älteren Erwachsenen. Einige Länder berücksichtigten die neue Evidenz bereits in ihren
Impfempfehlungen für die aktuelle oder frühere Saisons. Auch in Deutschland sollte die
Verfügbarkeit der Impfstoffe für ältere Erwachsene sichergestellt sein, um einen hohen
Impfschutz zu garantieren.
Development of Silicon Nanowire Array–Metal Hybrid Catalysts for Batch and Flow Organic Reactions
Authors: Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Baek Heeyoel
Published: March 2023

The development of highly efficient and reusable supported metal catalysts is important for academic and industrial synthetic organic chemistry; however, their widespread application remains a challenge because supported Pd, Rh, and Pt catalysts are expensive. To overcome these problems, we have developed novel, highly stable, reusable, and selective heterogeneous catalysts consisting of silicon nanowire arrays (SiNAs) and metal nanoparticle composites. Metal nanoparticles on SiNA have been applied as heterogeneous catalysts in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction, C–H arylation, hydrosilylation, hydrogenation, reductive alkylation of amines, and hydrogenative decarboxylation of fatty acids. The catalysts used in this study showed high catalytic activity in batch and microflow conditions. Their structural investigation using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) suggests that strong metallic bonding (alloy/agglomeration) between the metal and silicon (metal silicide bond formation) is key to the high catalyst stability.

1 Introduction

2 Development of Silicon Nanowire Array (SiNA) Hybrid Catalysts and Silicon Nanostructure (SiNS) Hybrid Catalysts

3 Application of SiNA-Pd to Organic Synthesis

4 SINA-Supported Mono- and Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Hydrogenation Reactions

5 Application of SiNA-Pd to Microflow Reductive Alkylation Reactions

6 Application of SiNA-Rh to Hydrogenative Decarboxylation Reactions using Microwave Irradiation

7 Conclusions
The Predictors of Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Endoscopic Endonasal Pituitary Surgery: The Role of Tumor Volume
Authors: Cetinalp Nuri Eralp , Tarkan Ozgür , Akkuş Gamze , Ozsoy Kerem Mazhar , Yildirim Dogu Cihan , Seydaoglu Gulsah , Oktay Kadir , Erman Tahsin
Published: March 2023

Objectives Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (Po-CSF) leak is still a challenging complication of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. However, data describing the predictive factors of Po-CSF leak in pure pituitary adenomas is lacking. Aim of this study is to determine the risk factors of Po-CSF leak in a pituitary adenoma group operated via pure transsellar endoscopic approach.

Design This is a retrospective cohort study.

Setting A single-center academic hospital.

Participants Patients operated for a pituitary adenoma between 2015 and 2021 and followed up until June 2022 were included.

Main Outcome Measures Demographics, comorbidities, imaging, and outcome were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of Po-CSF leak.

Results Of the total 170 patients with a mean age of 47.5 ± 13.8 (min: 15; max: 80), 11 (6.5%) had Po-CSF leak. Univariate analysis revealed age, diabetes mellitus (DM), and tumor volume as predictors of Po-CSF leak. According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis, 7.5 cm3 of tumor volume was found to be a good cutoff value with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 75%. Hence, multivariable logistic regression model adjusted by age showed that a tumor volume of > 7.5 cm3 (odds ratio [OR]: 22.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8–135.9, p = 0.001) and DM (OR: 8.9; 95% CI: 1.7–46.5; p = 0.010) are strong independent risk factors of Po-CSF leak in pure endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery.

Conclusion Besides younger age and DM, a cutoff value for tumor volume > 7.5 cm3 is the most remarkable risk factor for Po-CSF leak in pure endoscopic pituitary surgery. These patients should carefully be assessed preoperatively and potential preemptive surgical strategies should be taken into consideration to avoid complications.
Comparison of Three Tonsillectomy Techniques: Cold Dissection, Monopolar Electrocautery, and Coblation
Authors: Kandemir Süheyla , Pamuk Ahmet Erim , Özel Gökçe , Şencan Ziya
Published: March 2023

Introduction Tonsillectomy is among the most common otolaryngological surgeries.

Objective To evaluate and compare three tonsillectomy techniques: cold steel dissection (CSD), monopolar electrocautery (MEC), and coblation.

Methods The present study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent tonsillectomy between January 2014 and January 2016. Postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, analgesic use, surgical duration, time to return to normal activity, and postoperative bleeding status were noted.

Results The CSD group had less analgesic use and shorter return to normal activity than the MEC group (p = 0.037 and p < 0.001, respectively). The coblation group had lower VAS pain scores than the MEC group only at 1 hour to 4 hours postsurgery (p < 0.016). The postoperative bleeding rate was similar in all groups (p = 0.096).

Conclusion Cold steel dissection tonsillectomy is associated with less postoperative pain and shorter recovery than MEC. Coblation is better than MEC in terms of postoperative pain at 1 hour to 4 hours only, whereas CSD is associated with less postoperative pain than coblation at 2 days to 7 days.
Triple Trouble: Disseminated Penicilliosis in a Cancer patient with COVID-19
Authors: Kamtalwar Sujeet , Mirgh Sumeet , More Ashwini , Gokarn Anant , Dhumal Sachin , Sharma Palak , Lall Sujata , Patkar Nikhil , Shetty Nitin , Chatterjee Gaurav , Rajpal Sweta , Bhat Vivek , Khattry Navin , Gupta Sudeep
Published: March 2023

Penicilliosis is a fungal infection caused by the fungus Penicillium marneffei or Talaromyces marneffei. Penicillosis is commonly seen in immunocompromised patients such as in HIV(AIDS). Herein, we present a case of penicilliosis in an oral cavity cancer patient who was admitted for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection at our hospital. A 50-year-old male patient operated on for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity who completed his adjuvant chemoradiation 2 months ago, presented to our hospital with dry cough for more than 3 weeks. His nasopharyngeal swab was positive for the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). During his hospital stay for SARS-CoV-2 infection, he was diagnosed with disseminated penicilliosis. The patient was treated with intravenous antifungals caspofungin and voriconazole. However, he succumbed to disseminated fungal sepsis. This case highlights the need to consider penicilliosis as a possible opportunistic pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients such as cancer.
Determination of CN deep donor level in p-GaN with heavy Mg doping via a carrier statistics approach
Authors: Huang Huayang , Yang Xuelin , Shen Zhaohua , Chen Zhenghao , Tang Ning , Xu Fujun , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo
Published: March 2023

An equilibrium carrier statistics approach with a partial ionization model is proposed to determine the energy level of CN deep donors in p-type GaN with heavy Mg doping. Unlike usual compensating centers that are assumed to be fully ionized under equilibrium, partial ionization of the CN donor was taken into consideration. The energy level of the CN donor is determined to be EV + (0.20 ± 0.01) eV at elevated temperatures (∼350 K) using such a partial ionization model. The donor level for an isolated C center at a low temperature limit is further calculated considering the doping and temperature effects, which is EV + (0.32 ± 0.01) eV. Furthermore, the ionization ratio of CN is found to be dependent on the C concentration and can then be estimated to be in the range of 0.3–0.8. Such a partial ionization characteristic of CN may capture/emit free carriers during device operation and should be taken into account when analyzing device reliability.
Scattering characteristics of electrically large arbitrarily shaped targets illuminated by an off-axis vortex electromagnetic beam
Authors: Sun Minghao , Liu Songhua , Guo Lixin , Huang Kai , Cheng Mingjian
Published: March 2023

For the application of vortex electromagnetic (EM) beams in practical detection scenes, the scattering characteristics of electrically large arbitrarily shaped targets illuminated by an off-axis Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex beam are investigated and compared to the on-axis incidence case. The vector potential method is used to extract the electric and magnetic field components of the LG beam in different polarization states. The physical optics algorithm is adopted to calculate the scattering fields of four typical targets with the shape of a sphere, NASA almond, blunt cone, and blade model. The results revealed that as the beam center offset and the topological charge of the incident vortex beam increase, the scattering field distorts, and the obvious orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectrum mixing occurs. In addition, OAM spectrum aliasing occurs for asymmetric targets, even at on-axis incidence. These results elucidate the mechanism of vortex EM scattering and provide a reference for applying vortex beams for target detection and recognition.
Dopant profiling of ion-implanted GaAs by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Sahoo Anup Kumar , Au Wei-Chen , Hong Yu-Cheng , Pan Ci-Ling , Zhai Dongwei , Hérault Emilie , Garet Frédéric , Coutaz Jean-Louis
Published: March 2023

We investigate terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) as a non-destructive and non-contact technique for depth profiling of dopants in semiconductors. THz temporal waveforms transmitted through silicon-ion-implanted semi-insulating gallium arsenide substrates, as-implanted or post-annealed by rapid thermal annealing, were analyzed by assuming a multi-layered Gaussian refractive index profile in the ∼sub-micrometer-thick implantation region. The implantation energy and dosages in this work were 200 KeV, 1014, 5 × 1014, and 1015 ions/cm2, respectively. The average values of real (n) and imaginary (κ) parts of refractive indices of an as-implanted sample in the depth range of 0–800 nm are 5.8 and 0.7, respectively, at 0.5 THz and are 6.2 and 0.2, respectively, at 1 THz. On the other hand, the refractive index profile of the post-annealed samples displays a prominent Gaussian-like form, and peak refractive indices (n ∼ 25 and κ ∼ 32.7 at 0.5 THz and n, κ ∼17 at 1 THz) were found to be at the depth of 210 nm. Reconstructed dopant profiles in as-implanted, implanted, and post-annealed substrates were found to be in good agreement with measurements by secondary ion mass spectroscopy as well as simulation by the Monte Carlo method. We were also able to determine accurately the projected range (Rp), straggle (Rs), and concentration of dopants by the analysis of THz-TDS data. The spatial resolution, along the depth direction, of the THz-TDS technique for depth profiling of dopants was estimated to be as small as 8-nm. This work suggests the feasibility of using THz-TDS for nondestructive and non-contact diagnostics for profiling dopants in semiconductors.
Resonance, Rayleigh flows, and thermal choking: Compressible coolant states in porous electromagnetic heat exchangers
Authors: Mohekar Ajit A. , Tilley Burt S. , Yakovlev Vadim V.
Published: March 2023

Electromagnetic (EM) heat exchangers (HX) are systems that convert EM energy into heat or mechanical work. One potential design consists of a porous lossy ceramic material heated by EM waves with a compressible gas coolant. EM heating of ceramics is nonlinear, since the loss factor is temperature dependent. Designing such EM HXs requires an understanding of coupling between temperature, the electric field, and gas dynamics at the pore scale. To mimic this microscale phenomenon, a single channel with a high-speed gas coolant in perfect thermal contact with a thin solid ceramic layer is considered, with an applied plane-wave electric field propagating normal to the channel walls. From a thin-domain asymptotic analysis, the conservation laws reduce to a Rayleigh flow in the gas coupled with averaged thermal energy conservation equations at leading order. The model predicts that the kinetic energy of the gas increases up to 12.5 times the inlet value when thermal runaway occurs in the ceramic region for the cases considered, and thermal choking is possible when the coolant reaches the sonic state. Local maxima of efficiency occur on a discrete set of ceramic thicknesses that correspond to Fabry–Bragg resonances of the electric field.
Enhanced dielectric energy storage properties in linear/nonlinear composites with hybrid-core satellite C/SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Yin Peng , Xie Peitao , Tang Qingyang , He Qifa , Wei Shuang , Fan Runhua , Shi Zhicheng
Published: March 2023

Polymer dielectrics for electrostatic capacitors possess well-recognized advantages, including ultrahigh power density, excellent processability, and unique self-healing capability. Nevertheless, the negative coupling relationship between dielectric permittivity and breakdown strength in dielectrics always constrains the enhancement of energy density, which cannot satisfy the ever-increasing requirements for integrated and miniaturized technologies. Here, a kind of C/SiO2@TiO2 triphase nanoparticle (CST NP) with a hybrid-core satellite structure is prepared and introduced into nonlinear poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropylene) [P(VDF-HFP)] matrix to improve permittivity and polarization. Benefited from the intensified interfacial polarization induced by CST NPs, a high permittivity of ∼18.8, which is approximately 219% that of pure P(VDF-HFP) (∼8.6), is obtained at 10 kHz. Meanwhile, a linear PEI film with high breakdown strength is stacked with the CST/P(VDF-HFP) composites, forming linear/nonlinear CST/P(VDF-HFP)-PEI bilayer composites. Eventually, a high breakdown strength of ∼503.9 kV/mm, a high energy density of ∼4.26 J/cm3, and a high efficiency of ∼91% are simultaneously achieved in the bilayer composite with merely 0.75 wt. % nanoparticles. The linear/nonlinear bilayer structure incorporated with hybrid-core satellite nanofillers offers an effective strategy to design high-performance dielectric energy storage materials.
Perspective on computational design of two-dimensional materials with robust multiferroic coupling
Authors: Tang Cheng , Du Aijun
Published: March 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials with robust magnetoelectric coupling and controllable topological solitons (such as skyrmions) are promising candidates for advanced information storage and processing. Due to the limitations of experimental techniques, first-principles investigations stand out in answering fundamental questions of 2D multiferroic couplings, thus providing guidance for experimental validation. Herein, we will give a review of recent theoretical progress in the exploration of 2D multiferroic coupling via structural design and molecular engineering approach. Particularly, we will focus on (i) how to design the multiferroic structure in the 2D form; (ii) how to achieve robust magnetoelectric coupling; and (iii) how to electrically control the magnetic skyrmion via multiferroic effects. Finally, we give some perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities for predicting 2D multiferroic materials.
Unpacking disinformation as social media discourse
Authors: Farkas Johan , Xia Yiping
Published: March 2023

In this chapter, we examine the role of Discourse Studies in social media disinformation research. While currently underrepresented, Discourse Studies can provide key insights into why disinformation gains traction through credibility building, tapping into existing political narratives and stereotypes. Discourse Studies, we argue, can also bring much-needed attention to the constitutive role of antagonism in disinformation and to the connection between political practices, power relations and platform designs; aspects that are often overlooked. Drawing on three empirical cases – revolving around the Russian Internet Research Agency, fake Muslim Facebook pages and far-right conspiracy theories disguised as tabloid news – the chapter aims to provide a clearer view of the application of Discourse Studies (in its various forms) to disinformation.
Sexism in digital discourses of women
Authors: Şahoğlu Cemile Tokgöz
Published: March 2023

The chapter points to implicit sexist codes in digital discourses inadvertently produced by women while supporting cyberactivist movements. Drawing on research on feminism and guidelines in Social Media Critical Discourse Studies, the chapter concentrates on the discursive practices of both Turkish and global cyberactivist movements. It tries to show the roots of micro-power produced by users in the context of cultural differences by comparing two campaigns. #MeToo and #SenDeAnlat hashtags have been chosen and analysed by CDS, considering the impact of a digital interface. The analysis includes using sexist language, e.g., degrading words for the female body; reproduction of traditional unequal social roles, e.g., men as protectors and punishers; victim-perpetrator reversal, e.g., victim-blaming through their physical appearance, dress code, and drinking; and developing strategies for adaptation to a sexist order in public spaces.
Random laser emission from dye-doped polymer films enhanced by SiC nanowires
Authors: Shen Yanli , Shi Bingrong , Zhao Jian , Lv Hao , Wang Maorong , Zhang Shuaiyi , Wang Xia , Li Zhenjiang
Published: March 2023

As the third-generation semiconductor electronic material, silicon carbide (SiC) has good chemical stability and mechanical properties, leading to wide use in optoelectronic components, fiber sensing and detectors. However, there are few important reports on its application in the research of random laser. Hereby, we built a polymer random laser system with SiC nanowires as a scattering medium doped with dye by the spin coating method. The effect of different SiC concentrations on random laser properties and the enhancement mechanism are studied. The lasing intensity increases and threshold decrease in large concentration SiC nanowires at the same lasing system, and the minimum threshold is 20 μJ/pulse. By increasing the SiC concentration, the mean free path of photon scattering decreases, which promotes the photon gain effect and improves the laser performance. However, when the concentration of SiC nanowires is too large, the mean free path of photon scattering decreases further, and the self-absorption of fluorescence radiation emerges. Thus, fluorescence quenching is produced, leading to a negative effect on laser performance. Furthermore, the lasing wavelength can be adjusted by tuning the SiC nanowires concentrations, reaching 14 nm. The random laser enhanced by SiC nanowires is stable and pumped repeatable, which could pave the way to promote the application of SiC and achieve low-cost and high-performance random laser.
An L-shaped and bending-torsion coupled beam for self-adaptive vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Huang Yi , Hu Guobiao , Zhao Chaoyang , Tang Baoping , Mu Xiaojing , Yang Yaowen
Published: March 2023

Vibration energy harvesting is promising for powering wireless sensor networks for mechanical equipment monitoring. Considering the broadband feature of ambient vibrations, a novel L-shaped self-adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester (LSA-PEH) with a slider is proposed. A linearized mathematical model of the LSA-PEH is established to obtain the relationship between its resonant frequency and the slider position. The maximum resonant frequency that can be achieved by the LSA-PEH is predicted based on the linearized model. The corresponding condition is to fix the slider at around 0.08 m, which is a nodal point. Moreover, the theoretical model explains why the slider moves back and forth when the excitation frequency is 40 Hz. Experimental results show that the slider of the proposed LSA-PEH can passively relocate its position to adjust its resonant frequency and maintain resonance. By the same criteria, the bandwidth of the proposed LSA-PEH is increased by 350% compared to a conventional L-shaped beam harvester.