bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los posibles efectos de la liberalización comercial en los hogares rurales centroamericanos a partir de un modelo desagregado para la economía rural: Caso de Nicaragua
Authors: Delmelle Guy , Alemán Miguel , Baumeister Eduardo , Amaya Ana Lissette , Yúñez Naude Antonio , Jesurun-Clements Nancy , Taylor J. Edward , Canales Ramón
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo se enmarca en el contexto de la ratificación de Nicaragua del tratado de libre comercio DR-CAFTA en 2005. El objetivo del estudio es desarrollar un modelo que permita analizar los posibles impactos de la apertura comercial en los hogares rurales nicaragüenses, con una perspectiva microeconómica que incorpore las diversidades entre los hogares y las complejidades en sus interrelaciones. Bajo el presente estudio se realizó un análisis detallado y específico de los hogares rurales de El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Nicaragua, modelando los vínculos de la economía rural con el resto de la economía. Para cada país se construyó un modelo microeconómico de equilibrio general aplicado (MEGA) para capturar los efectos directos e indirectos de cambios de política comercial en los hogares rurales. Para cada uno de los cuatro países estudiados se han preparado un informe separado, con los detalles individuales sobre el desarrollo del estudio y los resultados del análisis realizado en cada uno. Este informe presenta los resultados detallados del análisis correspondiente a Nicaragua.
Tópicos macrofiscales y perspectivas de sostenibilidad fiscal en Bolivia
Authors: Navajas Fernando , Catena Marcelo , Bour Juan Luis , Artana Daniel
Published: March 2024

La evolución de las finanzas públicas bolivianas ha sufrido un vuelco destacable en su desempeño entre 2004 y 2006, como resultado de un salto formidable en los ingresos provenientes de las exportaciones de gas natural. Este informe presenta los resultados de un estudio de tópicos macro-fiscales y de la sostenibilidad fiscal en Bolivia. Los tópicos cuyo análisis acompaña al ejercicio central de sostenibilidad fiscal son los referidos a la evolución esperada de los recursos hidrocarburíferos (a la luz de la reorganización mayor que ha experimentado el sector en Bolivia), la mecánica de asignación de recursos (y la eventual constitución de un fondo de estabilización) en la determinación de la dinámica del gasto público esperable y otros aspectos del gasto público relacionados con el gasto social y en pensiones.
Lecciones aprendidas por el Banco en Chile: 1994-2004
Authors: Valenzuela Juan Pablo
Published: March 2024

La presente nota técnica discute la evaluación de las actividades desarrolladas por el BID en los últimos 10 años con el fin de identificar sus principales logros, lecciones y recomendaciones. Durante la década analizada se prepararon dos Estrategias de País (EP). Sus áreas prioritarias fueron: 1) competitividad e integración a la nueva economía; 2) reducción de las desigualdades e incremento en la calidad de vida; 3) modernización del Estado y fortalecimiento de alianzas con la Sociedad Civil. Las lecciones aprendidas versan sobre la evolución financiera del país con el Banco; el valor agregado del Banco al país; la Estrategia País como instrumento de programación, y algunos factores que inciden en el éxito de los programas, entre otros temas.
Desafíos institucionales del sistema de pensiones chileno
Authors: Grafe Fernando , Mejía Francisco
Published: March 2024

La organización en el sector público del área de pensiones en Chile data de 25 años. La estrategia para la solución a los problemas de carácter estructural no es independiente de la organización que se adopte para la implantación de la reforma del sector. En esta nota técnica: 1) se presentan, con el propósito de enmarcar la discusión de los dilemas institucionales, los temas estructurales de la reforma; 2) se presenta la estructura institucional resultante de 25 años de aplicación de la reforma para; 3) se exponen las principales limitaciones de la reforma en función de la evolución propia del sistema en su dimensión estructural como de los retos que esta evolución representa hacia el futuro; 4) se presentan algunas recomendaciones de diseño institucional en el marco de las principales opciones de política estructural que están en discusión.
Evaluación de los proyectos FOMIN: Métodos alternativos de resolución de disputas comerciales (MARC)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

El objetivo de la presente evaluación (MIF/GN-78-2) es analizar los resultados obtenidos por la cartera de proyectos de Métodos Alternativos de Resolución Disputas Comerciales (MARC) del Fondo Multilateral de Inversiones (FOMIN). Los proyectos de MARC, tal como fueron concebidos por el FOMIN, promueven el uso del arbitraje y la mediación como mecanismos alternativos para resolver disputas (principalmente aquellas de naturaleza comercial). La cartera de MARC nació para mitigar la falta de servicios de justicia y así mejorar las condiciones para el desarrollo del sector privado. La estrategia consistió en crear centros de arbitraje y mediación a fin de proveer al empresariado de una oferta alternativa para la resolución de sus conflictos de naturaleza comercial. Sobre la base del análisis de los 18 proyectos, de los cuáles ocho fueron visitados en forma directa, se detectaron algunos problemas, pero también resultados muy positivos que se describen en el informe.
Evaluación preliminar de la economía extralegal en 12 países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe: Reporte de la investigación en Bolivia
Authors:   Instituto Libertad y Democracia
Published: March 2024

El presente estudio forma parte de una serie de evaluaciones preliminares de la extralegalidad que se ha llevado a cabo en doce países de América Latina y el Caribe: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haití, Honduras, México, Panamá, Perú y República Dominicana. Ha sido cofinanciado por el Fondo Multilateral de Inversiones del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y recursos propios del Instituto Libertad y Democracia. Su objetivo fundamental es crear conciencia acerca de la naturaleza, magnitud e importancia de la extralegalidad.
La cohesión social en América Latina y el Caribe: Análisis, acción y coordinación
Authors: Mateo-Berganza Díaz María Mercedes , Ferroni Marco , Payne J. Mark
Published: March 2024

Este documento tiene como objetivo hacer avanzar la discusión generada alrededor del tema de cohesión social así como informar sobre las acciones emprendidas por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) desde que tuviese lugar la Cumbre de Guadalajara en mayo de 2004, que reunió a 58 Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de países de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) y de la Unión Europea (UE). El documento pretende igualmente orientar las reflexiones en el marco del esfuerzo conjunto que la Comisión Europea (CE) y el BID han emprendido con el propósito de intercambiar experiencias y aunar acciones en la cooperación al desarrollo y el aumento de la cohesión social en ALC.
Evaluación de proyectos de desarrollo institucional: Un análisis comparativo
Authors: Espinoza Guillermo
Published: March 2024

El presente documento muestra los resultados de una revisión selectiva de las operaciones del BID destinadas a la creación, desarrollo y/o fortalecimiento de capacidades institucionales en países de la región. Se consideraron ejemplos de Argentina, Colombia, El Salvador y Perú, y se revisaron tanto el cumplimiento de los objetivos planteados originalmente como las experiencias que resultaron de aplicar procesos efectivos de gestión ambiental. Se evaluó la contribución de los proyectos de fortalecimiento institucional, indicando qué logros se obtuvieron con estos programas, dando una visión integrada sobre las experiencias adquiridas en las operaciones y generando una fuente de aprendizaje que sustente futuras acciones de fortalecimiento institucional. El análisis fue elaborado sobre la base de la amplia documentación existente y de la consulta a actores vinculados a las operaciones, con una metodología común validada por expertos internacionales y especialistas del Banco. Se sistematizó el conocimiento sobre la creación de capacidades de gestión ambiental y se revisó la asimilación de los mecanismos y temas prioritarios impulsados por los programas bajo el contexto político, económico y social que enmarcaban la realidad de los países. El documento fue preparado sobre la base de los estudios de caso efectuados por consultores locales con financiamiento del Programa Alianza entre los Países Bajos y el BID(ATN/NP-7578-RS).
Marco analítico para el manejo integrado de recursos hídricos: Lineamientos para la evaluación de marcos institucionales
Authors: Jaspers Frank G.W. , Van Hofwegen Paul J.M.
Published: March 2024

Este documento ofrece un marco analítico y lineamientos generales para ser usados en la evaluación del marco institucional de los diferentes países miembros del Banco y en la identificación de intervenciones orientadas hacia un manejo integrado de recursos hídricos. Asimismo presenta una integración de dos conceptos que para muchos países son nuevos o que apenas están evolucionando: Manejo Integrado de Recursos Hídricos (MIRH) y desarrollo de capacidades. En el capítulo 1 se presenta un marco analítico en el que subyacen estos dos conceptos y un esbozo general de los principios generales de la estrategia del BID. En el capítulo 2 se explican los requerimientos institucionales del MIRH en los tres niveles funcionales (constitucional, organizacional y operacional). En el capítulo 3 se presentan el concepto de desarrollo de capacidades y las posibles intervenciones en los tres niveles. En el capítulo 4 se describe el proceso que condujo a la evaluación del presente marco institucional y de las intervenciones relativas al desarrollo de capacidades. En el capítulo 5 se presentan las enseñanzas derivadas de los cuatro estudios de caso.
La investigación sobre manejo de recursos naturales renovables para fines productivos en América Latina
Authors: Kaimowitz David
Published: March 2024

Este documento (ENV-104) analiza las políticas que orientan la investigación sobre el manejo de recursos naturales (MRN) ligados a la agricultura en América Latina, el marco institucional en que esa investigación se realiza y las metodologías que utiliza. Primero, describe los desafíos tecnológicos, institucionales y metodológicos. Después discute el balance apropiado entre invertir en investigación en MRN o en otros temas de investigación, y entre financiar investigación en MRN o apoyar la transferencia de tecnología. La tercera sección presenta una tipología de tecnologías de MRN y examina la situación actual de la investigación en MRN en la región. La siguiente sección (4) ofrece lecciones para la investigación en MRN. La sección 5 discute las alternativas organizativas para estructurar el trabajo, la fijación de prioridades, la participación de los agricultores y la coordinación interinstitucional. La sección 6 incluye tres estudios de casos en El Salvador, Colombia y Argentina. Finalmente, la sección 7 ofrece conclusiones y recomendaciones. Los conceptos y recomendaciones incluidos en este informe son parte de un documento de análisis de los elementos prioritarios para una estrategia sobre el desarrollo agropecuario del BID basado en la conservación y manejo de los recursos naturales renovables de la región.
Manejo integrado de los recursos hídricos en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: García Luis E.
Published: March 2024

En este informe técnico figura la estrategia del Banco para su participación en el manejo integrado de los recursos hídricos en América Latina y el Caribe. La estrategia fue formulada mediante un procedimiento gradual de iteración y en consulta con funcionarios nacionales responsables de los recursos hídricos, con personal del Banco, organizaciones no gubernamentales y con organizaciones internacionales de crédito y asistencia técnica. La primera parte es una descripción de manejo integrado de los recursos hídricos en América Latina y el Caribe. La segunda parte es la estrategia del Banco, se incluye sus objetivos y metas, los principios rectores, y los instrumentos estratégicos para el manejo integrado de los recursos hídricos.
Enfoques creativos para aprender matematicas y ciencias naturales: Resultados preliminares de proyectos apoyados por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo en el marco de las Metas Educativas 2021
Authors: Santiago Ana , Cabrol Marcelo , Pérez Alfaro Marcelo , Manzano Gádor , Alfonso Mariana , Näslund-Hadley Emma
Published: March 2024

Con motivo de la adopción de las metas educativas 2021 durante el Congreso Iberoamericano de Educación 2010, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) desea resaltar la importancia de la calidad de la educación en matemáticas y ciencias naturales. Esta publicación presenta una serie de proyectos lanzados recientemente que proponen enfoques innovadores para los procesos de enseñanza en matemáticas y ciencias naturales. Algunos ya dan muestras de haber contribuido a mejorar las prácticas pedagógicas, los conocimientos de los docentes y el aprendizaje de los alumnos.
Educación en Chile: El desafío está en la calidad
Authors: Bassi Marina , Urzúa Sergio
Published: March 2024

Esta nota resume los mayores avances y desafíos del sistema educativo chileno. El mensaje principal es claro: Chile debe extender sus éxitos de cobertura al aseguramiento de una educación de calidad. La nota incluye un análisis de los logros y desafíos de cada nivel del sistema educativo por separado. El documento incluye, también, un análisis sobre las dos modalidades de educación media, científico-humanista y técnico-profesional. Por su relevancia, la nota concluye con una sección exclusivamente dedicada al tema docente. Los datos muestran que el sostenido aumento de los salarios reales de los docentes observado durante los últimos 20 años no ha resultado en mejores estudiantes a las carreras de pedagogía. Por último, se incluye un análisis sobre el sistema de evaluación docente y la evidencia sobre su efectividad.
El Nuevo Acuerdo de Capital de Basilea: Efectos en los sistemas financieros de America Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Rivas Carlos Gabriel , Giorgio Luis Alberto
Published: March 2024

El presente documento presenta algunos de los aspectos más destacados referentes a los efectos del Nuevo acuerdo de capital de Basilea (NACB) sobre los sistemas financieros de América Latina y el Caribe. Se discuten las implicancias de los cambios propuestos sobre los niveles de capital, la eficiencia y la competitividad de la banca. También se describen los nuevos conceptos y metodologías del NACB en lo concerniente a los requisitos mínimos de capital. Por último, se presentan estimaciones de los incrementos de requisitos de capital para la cartera comercial de los sistemas financieros de Perú, Argentina y Ecuador.
Orientaciones para la evaluación de proyectos de integración productiva
Authors: Guaipatín Carlos
Published: March 2024

En términos operativos, los proyectos de integración productiva (PIP) son aquellos cuyo objetivo es mejorar la competitividad de un conjunto definido de empresas de pequeña escala, sectorial y geográficamente concentradas, a través de acciones colectivas. Este documento además de apoyar el diseño de los PIP, es una guía para la preparación de términos de referencia (TDR) de monitoreo, evaluaciones formales operativas y ex post. Su propósito es favorecer el uso de una metodología común en el análisis y evaluación de los proyectos de integración, para obtener resultados comparables sobre un conjunto homogéneo de variables predeterminadas. La importancia de definir una guía metodológica para los TDR radica en que son éstos los que definen la evaluación, y son, además, los principales controles contractuales sobre sus productos y su calidad.
Informe MERCOSUL No. 13 (2007-2008)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Apesar do contexto internacional afetado pela crise financeira e creditícia originada no mercado imobiliário dos Estados Unidos, o processo de integração do Mercado Comum do Sul continuou avançando, incluindo a agenda interna onde foi alcançado alguns acordos. No período coberto por este informe, Junho de 2007 - Junho de 2008, cresceu o volume de comércio em um contexto expansivo das economias do bloco. No setor externo a dinâmica negociadora conseguiu resultados menos tangíveis. O recrudescimento da crise financeira internacional no ultimo trimestre de 2008 cria um contexto adverso para as economias do bloco em relação ao ano próximo. Tal contexto contempla uma desaceleração do crescimento mundial e contração dos principais mercados de consumo como Estados Unidos, União Européia e Japão. A seguir, as principais conclusões deste Informe MERCOSUL 2007 - 2008.
Globalização, doenças transmissíveis e desigualdade mundial
Authors: Medici André
Published: March 2024

As doenças transmissíveis ocupavam sete entre as dez principais causas de morte entre os países em desenvolvimento em 2001, enquanto que representavam somente duas das principais causas de morte nos países desenvolvidos. Os dados mostram que existe uma forte relação entre a incidência de doenças transmissíveis e o nível de renda nacional. Países pobres são menos propensos a combater com sucesso estas enfermidades por deficiências na organização de seus sistemas de saúde pública, pela falta de medidas de intervenção ambiental contra vetores, pela deficiente educação e informação da população quanto aos hábitos e medidas de proteção a serem tomadas e pela falta de recursos financeiros e humanos para adquirir insumos estratégicos e organizar os sistemas de vigilância epidemiológica que são necessários para combater estas enfermidades.
Participação da população na sustentabilidade dos investimentos em requalificação urbana: o caso de Campo Grande
Authors: Bezerra Maria do Carmo
Published: March 2024

O tema "Requalificação de Áreas Urbanas" se apresenta como um tema emergente na carteira Procidades em execução até 2011, contando com apenas 3.5% dos investimentos. Apesar de sua importância para as cidades brasileiras, que possuem muitas áreas urbanas consolidadas em estágio de degradação, este não tem sido uma das prioridades de investimentos, provavelmente, em função de demandas mais urgentes de caráter social. O tipo de urbanização do país, que tende a ocupação de novas áreas numa contínua expansão, com estabelecimento de novas centralidades em seu espaço urbano contribui para o abandono das áreas urbanas antigas. Este é um processo perverso, do ponto de vista dos investimentos públicos já consolidados, que se tornam áreas subutilizadas e em estágio de deterioração, em um ciclo vicioso que expulsa moradores e o comércio mais dinâmico para as novas áreas.
Preservação ambiental e planejamento da expansão urbana: o caso do Município de Toledo
Authors: Bezerra Maria do Carmo
Published: March 2024

O tema objeto de estudo, Preservação Ambiental e Implantação de Parques Urbanos se apresenta como demanda reduzida da carteira Procidades em execução até 2011, contando com 0,5% dos investimentos. A dificuldade de abordagem que integre preservação ambiental e cidades em processo de expansão se constitui num desafio a ser enfrentado. Os espaços das cidades brasileiras se expandiram sem a adequada malha de áreas verdes de lazer e, também, tiveram as áreas de fragilidade ambiental, especialmente ao longo dos cursos d'água, ocupadas por assentamentos precários. O maior desafio para preservar áreas ambientais inseridas na malha urbana é evitar a sua ocupação por usos que as degradem, sem incorrer no equívoco de pensar que a preservação em si se constitui em uso urbano. A idéia de preservação associada ao nada fazer em áreas localizadas nas estruturas urbanas com forte pressão de urbanização e sem o devido controle urbanístico, tem levado à degradação ambiental.
Country Program Evaluation: Belize (1993-2003)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-296) presents an evaluation of the Bank's country program for Belize for the years 1993-2003. The evaluation includes: 1) An overview of the structure of the Belizean economy, including developments that took place during the nineties and the development challenges faced by the country; 2) A description and evaluation of the programming intent for the country based on two evaluative criteria: relevance and coherence; 3) A review of the loan delivery of the Bank's program; 4) An analysis of the program output's delivery efficiency and the qualitative dimension of the lending portfolio; 5) An examination of the program as a whole in terms of the broad developmental themes of the Bank's strategic engagement with Belize.
Evaluation of the Opportunities for the Majority Initiative
Authors: Piza Caio , Cravo Tulio , Lodato Simon , Pires Jose Claudio Linhares
Published: March 2024

The Opportunities for the Majority Initiative (OMJ) was originally set up for three years as a time-bound pilot initiative. The OMJ team has worked diligently to test the Base of the Pyramid model and develop the OMJ portfolio, and from that standpoint the initiative has been successful. Regarding OMJ's operational objectives, its achievements on targeting, innovation, learning, and replication have been mixed. OMJ has not found a unique market niche that cannot be served by another IDB Group private sector window with significant operational advantages over OMJ. In light of the findings, the IDB should strengthen OMJ's operations; improve the evaluability, monitoring and evaluation of projects; and adapt risk management, pricing, and legal procedures to facilitate interactions with lower-income clients. The IDB should consider options for consolidating OMJ activities and those of other IDB Group private sector windows.
An Evaluation of the Bank's Non-Sovereign Operations with Sub-National Entities: 2007-2010
Authors: Ruprah Inder J. , Sembler Jose Ignacio , Pecha Camilo , Sadeghi Patricia
Published: March 2024

This evaluation examines the IDB's non-sovereign operations with sub-national entities during the 2007-2010 period. The delivery of loans to sub-national borrowers in this period was modest, not even near breaching the one-third ceiling. Attention to the sub-national sector is important in Latin America, because effective public service delivery is critical for poverty reduction, low gross capital formation is hindering development in the region, and decentralization has increasingly placed investment decisions for infrastructure services at the sub-national level. This presents an opportunity for the IDB, as, compared to peer multilaterals, it has a limited share in this sector. Therefore, OVE advises to: (i) further understand the potential market for sub-national lending, analyzing and mapping eligible and currently excluded sub-national entities in client countries, using alternative policy scenarios for both sovereign guaranteed and non-sovereign guaranteed operations; (ii) review the guidelines and practices of peer multilaterals to determine the desirability and feasibility of emulating them; and (iii) propose changes to existing policy and guidelines such that the IDB can better serve currently excluded sub-national enterprises through non-sovereign guaranteed lending.
Evaluación de un pilar de la estrategia de conocimiento y aprendizaje del Banco: Actividades de capacitación para el personal de operaciones del BID
Authors: Sedlacek Guilherme Luis , Vélez-Grajales Viviana
Published: March 2024

Esta evaluación examina un Pilar de la Estrategia de Conocimiento y Aprendizaje (KNL) del BID: Actividades de Capacitación para el Personal de Operaciones. La evaluación comprueba que KNL ha avanzado considerablemente desde 2008 en el desarrollo y consolidación de un sistema para organizar, coordinar y gestionar el programa de capacitación del BID. El nuevo sistema ha mejorado la eficiencia del programa de capacitación al abordar la previa fragmentación de iniciativas de capacitación y fuentes de financiamiento, y ofrece mecanismos transparentes y verificables para la asignación del presupuesto de capacitación dentro y entre las diferentes unidades del BID. Para continuar mejorando la efectividad de la capacitación impartida al personal de operaciones, se recomienda: (i) continuar mejorando el sistema KNL en línea; (ii) reforzar el requisito que gerentes y personal, tanto en la sede como en las representaciones, examinen y acuerden anualmente las necesidades y los planes individuales de capacitación; (iii) trazar una distinción clara en cuanto a objetivos y fuentes de financiamiento entre actividades de capacitación técnica y actividades centradas principalmente en la formación de equipos; (iv) estudiar formas para ampliar las opciones de capacitación para satisfacer necesidades profesionales especializadas; (v) reforzar el contenido de la orientación para empleados nuevos; y (vi) continuar estudiando nuevas formas para evaluar y asegurar la calidad de los eventos de capacitación.
Thematic Note: The Challenge of Integrated Watershed Management: Analysis of the Bank's Actions in Watershed Management Programs 1989-2010
Authors: Gonzalez Diez Verónica M. , Alvarez Lourdes
Published: March 2024

The objective of this thematic note is to analyze IDB's actions in integrated watershed management during the period 1989-2010. The approach of the IDB's loan portfolio in this sector shifted from having an emphasis on resource management and conservation (in the 1990s) toward financial support for actions to promote sustainable development and the improvement of the population's quality of life, as well as institutional reforms through the use of programmatic policy-based loans. In general, project evaluability was found to be low. The main limitation is the lack of effective outcome indicators to measure impact. A case study is presented on the Guaíba Watershed Environmental Management Program I (1993, US$132 million), which was the only program with an integrated water resource management approach. On the organizational front, the IDB is working to create a specialized watershed management group to update the 1996 guidelines and identify new methodologies to meet the new challenges of project formulation in this sector.
MIF Evaluation: Support of Private Participation in Infrastructure
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (MIF/GN-78-9) comprises the evaluation of MIF's projects supporting private participation in infrastructure performed by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight. The evaluation was initiated in 2002, covering four thematic groups of projects: Alternative Dispute Resolution (GN-78-2), Microfinance (GN-78-3), and Capital Markets & Financial Reform (GN-78-4). During 2003, as established in the program approved by the Donors Committee (GN-78-1), the project groups to be evaluated include the rest of the MIF thematic areas of intervention: (i) Private Provision of Infrastructure Services; (ii) Human Resources Development (including skills standards and labor market reforms); (iii) Business Development Services (including quality standards and promotion of trade and investment); (iv) Venture Capital Development; (v) Environment and Eco-Efficiency; and (vi) Promotion of Competition and Consumer Protection.
Evaluation Capacity Building: Elements of an Approach to the Region
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-252) describes the role of evaluation as an integral part of improving public sector management by providing regular feedback on the results of public action. It lays out some of the present challenges for the Bank in this area, as well as some considerations for the future directions in evaluation capacity building, based on a conceptual framework for introducing evaluation and accountability into public administration. The report recommends that the Bank undertake a more integrated approach to evaluation capacity building (ECB) by: 1) Working more actively with borrowers to undertake evaluation work related to the Bank's own projects; 2) Including ECB explicitly as one of the key elements in its modernization of the state strategy, and 3) Incorporating the concept of evaluation as a tool for improving public sector performance in the Bank's lending and non-lending instruments that aim at strengthening public sector institutions.
The Project Supervision System: An Evaluation of Use of Its Instruments
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Supervision at the IDB serves two main purposes. It provides the Board of Executive Directors and Senior Management with the means of managing the risks that affect Bank-financed operations and determines the extent to which such operations contribute to the accomplishment of the institution's development goals. The present evaluation (RE-293) focuses on two groups of the factors to help explain why the objectives of project supervision are often not accomplished: namely, the use of supervision instruments, and assess the extent to which they comply with the requirements established in Bank manuals and standards, and to determine how these instruments relate to the management risks associated with the execution of operations and to the internal control systems.
IDB-9 Survey: Overview of the Results
Authors: Azuara Herrera Oliver
Published: March 2024

This document describes the results of the Ninth General Capital Increase Survey (IDB-9 Survey). This was an electronic survey sent by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) to all operational staff of the Bank between September 20 and October 4, 2012. The goal of the survey was to measure the extent of implementation of the reforms mandated in the IDB-9 Agreement. All survey responses were anonymous, and the results were aggregated at the unit level. The IDB-9 survey included up to 31 closed questions organized in the following eight modules: sector strategies (4 to 6 questions); Bank programming (4 questions), lending instruments and knowledge products (2 questions); private sector development and coordination (4 questions); Development Effectiveness Matrix (4 questions); Progress Monitoring Report (4 questions); the Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism (3 questions); the new Access to Information Policy (4 questions), and an open-ended question. Each staff member reported their unit and department affiliation and was asked the corresponding set of questions.
Approach Paper: Citizen Security in Latin America and the Caribbean: IDB's Comparative Advantage
Authors: Buitrago Paola , Corrales Maria Elena , Tetreault Alayna , Soares Yuri , Morales Carlos , Fevre Chloe
Published: March 2024

This approach paper identifies the rationale, the main evaluative questions, and the methods to be used for an evaluation by the Inter-American Development Bank's Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) on Citizen Security in Latin America and the Caribbean. The evaluation is the second in a two-stage evaluation of citizen security. The first evaluation examined five citizen security operations. That evaluation focused on the implementation challenges the Bank faces. This second phase of the evaluation will look more broadly at all of the Bank's work in citizen security, including both lending and non-lending activities. It will also attempt to identify the Bank's strengths (and weaknesses) in addressing one of the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) Region's most pressing challenges: the persistence of crime and violence.
Police and the Microgeography of Crime: Scientific Evaluations on the Effectiveness of Hot Spots and Places
Authors: Telep Cody W. , Weisburd David
Published: March 2024

This Technical Note suggests that the focus of policing should be on very small geographic units of analysis, such as street segments or small groups of street blocks. Crime at place is not simply a proxy for larger area or community effects; indeed, basic research evidence suggests that crime primarily occurs at very small geographic units of place. This research is reinforced by strong experimental evidence of the effectiveness of place-based policing in reducing crime and disorder so as not to displace crime to nearby areas. In addition, the perception of legitimacy should be a key component of place-based policing programs.
The Implementation Challenge: Lessons From Five Citizen Security Projects
Authors: Atuesta Laura , Aulet María , Soares Yuri , Ruiz Mayra , Ramirez Santiago , Rangel Diana , Fevre Chloe
Published: March 2024

Successful implementation is necessary for projects and programs to be effective. In this comparative project evaluation, OVE analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation strategy of five IDB-supported citizen security projects in Central America and the Caribbean. The evaluation uses evidence and best practices from implementation research, multisectoral work, and donor supervision as evaluative benchmarks. The findings reveal that projects showing the most successful implementation also included most of the elements identified in the specialized literature: participatory preparation leading to communities' buy-in, sensitive situational diagnostics, skills-based trained practitioners and protocols, presence of community officers to maintain motivation and ensure close follow-up of beneficiaries, and a relatively simpler project design involving a limited number of ministries and a more direct route for service delivery. However, the evaluation shows that in many of the projects, coordination arrangements and specific incentives and accountability mechanisms among participating entities were either ineffective or missing; thus projects that involved several line ministries and municipalities appeared too complex to be implemented as designed, in particular given the institutional constraints, resources, and timeframes available. Finally, IDB supervision facilitated implementation in some cases, but hindered it in others, suggesting that incentives, resources, and training were generally not adequate for Bank staff to supervise projects beyond the procurement and fiduciary aspects.
Approach paper: Country Program Evaluation: El Salvador (2009-2014)
Authors: Suarez David , Szwedzki Roni , Bouillon César P. , Crespo Anna Risi Vianna , Scholl Lynn , Puerta Juan Manuel , Quintanilla Oscar
Published: March 2024

As part of its 2014 annual work plan, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) is preparing the evaluation of the Country Program with El Salvador for the 2009-2014 period, during which the country strategy for 2010-2014 was approved and implemented. This CPE seeks to analyze the Bank's relationship with the country from an independent and comprehensive perspective, with particular reference to the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of the program, including both financial and nonfinancial products offered by the Bank during the period under review. As established under the protocol, this exercise provides an input into the preparation process for the new Country Strategy with El Salvador for 2015-2019.
Approach paper: Country Program Evaluation: Panama (2010-2014)
Authors: Soldano Miguel , Fryer Michelle , Linares Ana María , Ramírez Rodríguez Santiago , Fajgenbaum Jose , Bouillon César P. , Pires Jose Claudio Linhares , Zeballos Yariela , Guerrero Alejandro , Soriano Alejandro
Published: March 2024

As part of its annual work plan, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) will evaluate the Bank's country program with Panama for the period 2010-2014. This paper defines the approach and methodology for the planned Country Program Evaluation (CPE). This is the third independent evaluation of the Bank's Country Program with Panama. Past evaluations covered the periods 1991-2003 (RE-305), and 2005-2009 (RE-359). For the purpose of this evaluation, OVE will review all Sovereign Guaranteed (SG) and Non-Sovereign Guaranteed (NSG) loan and TC operations (excluding IIC and MIF) that were either active or approved between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014.
Approach Paper: Special Programs Evaluation
Authors: Soldano Miguel , Gonzalez Diez Verónica M. , Martin Lucia , Torres Mauricio , Linares Ana María , Alvarez Lourdes , Gwin Catherine , Tetreault Alayna , Rose Jonathan , Alonso Pablo , Crespo Anna Risi Vianna , Sembler Jose Ignacio , Conroy Hector , Palomino Alejandro , Molina Adriana , Huppi Monika , Celse L'Hoste Margareth , Quintanilla Oscar , Stone Leslie F. , Mendieta Umaña Maria Paula , Morales Carlos , Guerrero Alejandro , Roseth Benjamin
Published: March 2024

The evaluation seeks to shed light on whether the current practice and arrangements for allocating $100 million from Ordinary Capital (OC) net income to 19 Special Programs (SPs) is an effective way to support technical cooperation to help address priority social and economic development needs in the Bank's borrowing member countries. The evaluation will cover the functioning of OC funded SPs from 2005 through mid-2014, with attention to the implementation of the reforms proposed since 2008 and their effects on SP performance.
Evaluation of Special Programs Financed by Ordinary Capital
Authors: Medieta María Paula , Marto Ricardo , Soldano Miguel , Gonzalez Diez Verónica M. , Martin Lucia , Buitrago Paola , Suarez David , Torres Mauricio , Fryer Michelle , Linares Ana María , Ramírez Rodríguez Santiago , Gwin Catherine , Tetreault Alayna , Rose Jonathan , Alonso Pablo , González Ángela , Schijman Agustina , Valdés Conroy Héctor , Crespo Anna Risi Vianna , Freeman Peter , Sembler Jose Ignacio , Maciel Odette , Murcia Juan Felipe , Palomino Alejandro , Khadr Ali , Molina Adriana , Puerta Juan Manuel , Henríquez Francisca , Huppi Monika , Celse L'Hoste Margareth , Quintanilla Oscar , Stone Leslie F. , Nogueira Daniel , Vásquez Jordán Darinka , Morales Carlos , Guerrero Alejandro , Azuara Herrera Oliver , Roseth Benjamin , Soriano Alejandro
Published: March 2024

The Board of Directors of the Inter-American Development Bank has requested that the Office of Evaluation and Oversight undertake an evaluation of Special Programs (SP) as part of its 2014 work program. The evaluation seeks to shed light on whether the current practice and arrangements for allocating US$100 million from Ordinary Capital (OC) net income to 19 SPs are an effective way to finance Technical Cooperations (TCs) to address priority social and economic development needs in the Bank's borrowing member countries. The evaluation covers the functioning of OC funded SPs from 2005 through mid-2014 and covers the SP TC portfolio from 2005 to 2013.
Independent Evaluation of the Climate Investment Funds: Summary
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This is the Executive Summary of the recently completed evaluation of the Climate Investment Funds. The evaluation was prepared by a consulting firm selected and supervised by a joint working group of the independent evaluation offices of five Multilateral Development Bank (MDBs) -ADB, AfDB, EBRD, IDB, and the World Bank. This evaluation was requested and paid for by the CIF Trust Fund Committees in accordance with the governance frameworks of the two Climate Investment Funds which provide that "an independent evaluation of the operations of the CTF [and SCF] will be carried out jointly after three years of operations by the independent evaluation departments of the MDBs". It is the first such joint exercise among five MDB evaluation offices. The evaluation was presented to the CIF Trust Fund Committees at their June 2014 meeting. The full text and annexes of the evaluation are available at http://www.cifevaluation.org.
Approach Paper: Country Program Evaluation: Brazil (2011-2014)
Authors: Marto Ricardo , Martin Lucia , Alonso Pablo , Crespo Anna Risi Vianna , Puerta Juan Manuel , Sadeghi Patricia , Verner Dorte , Pires Jose Claudio Linhares , Celse L'Hoste Margareth
Published: March 2024

The Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) is preparing, as part of its 2015 annual work plan, an evaluation of the country program with Brazil, covering the period 2011-2014. This Approach Paper introduces the scope and methodology for the planned Country Program Evaluation (CPE) and provides a brief overview of the country's context over the evaluation period.
Managing the Impacts of IDB Projects on Cultural Heritage
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The aim of this note is to explain how potential impacts on cultural heritage should be addressed in the context of IDB projects. The note sets out basic steps for the management of cultural heritage sites and objects that may be encountered during implementation of Bank- financed projects. It considers why the protection of cultural heritage is important, what kind of expertise is required to identify and evaluate cultural heritage, and what level of effort is required to ensure that concerns for cultural heritage are effectively integrated into the social, environmental, institutional, and financial analysis of a project. Above all, this note is intended to ensure that concerns about cultural heritage are addressed systematically as an integral part of the Bank's social and environmental impact assessment procedures.
Study on the Performance and Sustainability of Water and Sanitation Initiatives in Rural Areas: Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation in Small Communities (PR0118)
Authors: Puerta Juan Manuel
Published: March 2024

This evaluation looked at the performance and sustainability of 100 water systems that were installed in Paraguay between 2004 and 2010 as part of a project supported by the IDB. As part of the study, a technical review was conducted of the systems eight to ten years after entry into service, and interviews were held with users, sanitation boards, and the executing agency (SENASA). After establishing the level of performance, the evaluation studied factors that are correlated with a higher level of performance and sustainability, relative to both the original design parameters and thechanging needs of the beneficiary communities. The evaluation found that the performance level of the systems is very high. Virtually all the systems built under the program are in service. Moreover, the users and the sanitation boards are satisfied with the quality of service in terms of water quality and reliability. Eight to ten years after installation, only 4% of the systems are not in service, compared with the rate of 20% to 25% that would be expected based on available data from around the world.
Approach Paper: Review of the IDB Support to Housing Programs in the Caribbean
Authors: Fryer Michelle , Bouillon César P. , Maciel Odette , Quintanilla Oscar , Stone Leslie F.
Published: March 2024

During 2016, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight will conduct a comparative analysis of IDB's support to housing programs in four Caribbean countries: Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Barbados. The purpose of this evaluation is to contribute operational insights into the design of future housing operations in the Caribbean region by analyzing the commonalities and differences, successes and approaches among projects in a single region with a unique set of characteristics.
Approach Paper: Country Program Evaluation: Dominican Republic 2013-2016
Authors: Bouillon César P. , Ramirez-Goldin Ana , Schijman Agustina , Figueroa Claudia , Rodrigo Maria Fernanda , Stone Leslie F. , Seiwald Raphael , Vargas Patricia
Published: March 2024

This paper defines the scope and methodology for the evaluation of the IDB Group's country program with the Government of the Dominican Republic for the period 2013-2016. Taking an independent and holistic view, the CPE will analyze the IDB Group's relationship with the country, in particular the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of the program. The 2013-2016 CPE will be the fourth independent evaluation conducted by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) of the Bank's country program with the Dominican Republic and the first to cover the work of the entire IDB Group in the country.
Innovation for Better Management: The Contribution of Public Innovation Labs
Authors: Acevedo Sebastián , Dassen Nicolás
Published: March 2024

The technological, economic, and social changes of recent years have required governments to adapt to new challenges and growing demands from civil society. In many countries, and at different levels of government, this has led to the creation of innovation labs that aim to promote policy innovation in diverse ways. This paper analyzes the roles of innovation labs in Latin America, examines their challenges, and compares them to best practices and characteristics that current literature associates with higher levels of innovation in the public sector and in other organizations. Based on a survey of lab directors and the undertaking of two case studies, this paper describes the scope of innovation labs in Latin America and discusses the challenges they face to (i) work on central issues, (ii) achieve the adoption and scale up of their innovations, and (iii) ensure their sustainability. There are four key factors that determine the success of innovation labs in overcoming these challenges: two of these are of a political and institutional nature, namely leadership support and policy networks, while the other two relate to lab methodologies, namely the technical adaptation of their innovations and the building of a shared meaning. Additionally, two major differences have been identified between the innovation labs discussed herein and those of other regions, as described by the existing literature: a greater focus on issues of open government and less rigorous testing of their innovations, such as randomized experimentation and impact evaluation. Lastly, this study provides the relevant conclusions and recommendations on how to establish innovation labs as effective channels to manage innovation in government, along with its in-herent risks, and modernize public administration.
Approach Paper: Evaluation of IDB-9 Commitments
Authors: Gray Cheryl , Huppi Monika
Published: March 2024

The IDB-9 Agreement included a requirement that the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) conduct a mid-term review to determine to what extent IDB was implementing the IDB-9 mandates fully and effectively. OVE undertook the reviewduring 2012 and delivered it to the Board in December 2012. The institutional strategy laid out in the IDB-9 agreement extended until 2015, at which time the accomplishments under the strategy and the IDB-9 Results Framework were to be evaluated and a follow-on strategy was to be adopted. The Results Framework specified 2015 as the target date for achieving many IDB-9 mandates, in line with the strategy period. In 2016, the Board of Directors requested that OVE include an IDB-9 evaluation in its 2017-18 work program, to be delivered before the Annual Meetings in Mendoza, Argentina in March 2018. OVE's Mid-Term Evaluation was intended as an early progress report, and as such it focused primarily in detail on the first three years of implementation of the IDB-9 mandates. This evaluation intends to take a broader approach to focus not only on implementation but also on IDB's achievements to date under IDB-9 and their implications going forward.