bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HARVEST LOSS TEST AND OPTIMISATION OF KEY COMPONENTS OF OILSEED RAPE CUTTING TABLES
Authors: YAO Jia , ZHANG Guohai , WANG Xin , LIAN Jitan , LIU Minghao , QIAN Xipeng , WANG Yihu , LIU Peng
Published: January 2024

Aiming at the problem of high loss of oilseed rape combine harvesting cutting platform, this paper combines the biological characteristics of oilseed rape, analyses the way and reason of oilseed rape loss, selects the harvester's forward speed, transverse cutter cutting height and longitudinal cutter cutting speed three factors to influence the loss rate of the cutting platform to carry out the study on the significance of the order of significance of the following: cutting speed > forward speed > cutting height. Through the response surface analysis method, the interaction between the factors was obtained. Through the regression model of the factors affecting the loss rate, the parameter optimisation was carried out with the objective of the lowest loss rate, and the optimal parameter combinations being obtained as follows: the forward speed was 5 km/h, the cutting speed was 1.5 m/s, and the cutting height was 50 cm. Finally, the results of the model were obtained to be reliable through the experimental validation.
HOT AIR DRYING, IMPACT OF INFRARED DRYING, AND COMBINED HOT AIR-INFRARED DRYING ON ALFALFA DRYING QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE
Authors: SUN Xihang , GUO Ziwen , WANG Guanghui , CAI Chen , WANG Zhiqin
Published: January 2024

This study analyzes the drying of alfalfa using hot air, infrared and combined drying techniques. Different temperatures, radiation heights, radiation power and wind speed are used as control factors, and drying time, color, crude protein and specific energy consumption are used as evaluation indicators. After assigning weights to each indicator, the comprehensive evaluation index is calculated. The comprehensive evaluation index of alfalfa drying after combined drying is between 1.00 and 1.30, which is overall higher than hot air drying and infrared drying. Combined drying technology can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of the alfalfa drying process.
La crítica de Alfred Schutz a la intersubjetividad husserliana: exposición y respuesta
Authors: Perlin Vital Ayala Sebastián
Published: January 2024

En este artículo pretendo responder a la crítica elaborada por Alfred Schutz, en The Problem of Transcendental Intersubjectivity in Husserl, a la teoría husserliana de la intersubjetividad. La crítica consiste en tres objeciones puntuales: i) que Husserl no explica con claridad y suficiencia cómo es posible la constitución del Otro a partir del cuerpo propio y cómo es posible la constitución de un mundo circundante común; ii) que las relaciones sociales no pueden constituirse a partir de la comunicación y consecuentemente iii) que el concepto de persona de orden suprior está injustificado. Mi respuesta parte una descripción fenomenológica del Otro elaborada a partir de distintos textos, ya que Husserl no publicó una descripción fenomenológica completa y acabada. A su vez, haré énfasis en tres conceptos fundamentales, a saber: 1) la parificación (Paarung), 2) la comunicación y 3) la personalidad de orden superior. El propósito de esta respuesta es refutar las acusaciones de solipsismo hechas a la fenomenología husserliana, e invitar a una reinterpretación de la obra de Schutz partiendo de esta respuesta.
Geografías de la vida con sentido
Authors: Cázares Blanco Rocío , Serrano Francisco J.
Published: January 2024

Porque no está nada claro lo que captura o debería capturar ‘con sentido’ cuando se aplica a una vida, cualquier explicación de la vida con sentido será constructiva y no meramente clarificadora. ¿En qué lugar de nuestra geografía conceptual queda mejor ubicado ‘con sentido’? ¿Qué trabajo conceptual queremos que haga el concepto? Las que denomino concepciones del sentido independiente-del-agente e independiente-del-agente-plus, ubican ‘con sentido’ dentro de la geografía conceptual de los estándares evaluativos independientes-del-agente y asignan a ‘con sentido’ el trabajo de elogiar vidas. Argumento que las implicaciones no del todo deseables de estos enfoques más dominantes del sentido, hacen que sea plausible ubicar a ‘con sentido’ en una geografía conceptual diferente —aquella de los agentes como fijadores-de-fines y de las evaluaciones de valor dependiente-del-agente—, a la vez que hacen plausible asignarle al concepto el trabajo de seleccionar vidas cuyos gastos-de-tiempo son inteligibles para el agente. Respondo al desafío al que se enfrenta cualquier concepción subjetivista del sentido, a saber, que es demasiado permisiva.
Reflexiones en torno a un paradigma ético: una lectura agambeniana del rostro
Authors: Martínez García Hugo
Published: January 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en ofrecer una interpretación del momento ético que Levinas llama cara-cara en tanto caso paradigmático de profanación. Se realiza una lectura de tres conceptos agambenianos: paradigma, singularidad cualsea y profanación. En función de las posibilidades analíticas de esta triada se realiza una interpretación de la ética levinasiana como un tipo de actividad paradigmática capaz de profanar —desactivar— los dispositivos biopolíticos de gobierno, principalmente, en cuanto a la escisión social que generan. A la luz del paradigma ético aquí propuesto, se abre la posibilidad de restablecer un uso de la socialidad que se encuentra capturado por dispositivos biopolíticos. Así, el objetivo estriba en argumentar una vía analítica que abra posibilidades de comprensión en cuanto a la reivindicación de una dimensión social hoy menguada; se trata de restituir la relación cara-cara al uso común, desactivando los dispositivos que hacen de ella un mero momento subordinado al orden dado.
Uniformity enhancement of a microwave surface-wave plasma by a field agitation
Authors: Kim Dohan , Kang Keekon , Shon Chae-Hwa , Kim Jong-Soo , Han Seong-Tae
Published: January 2024

Microwave surface-wave plasma (SWP) provides relatively higher ion density and radical species density than RF plasma, making it a promising plasma source for semiconductor fabrication. However, its plasma uniformity is compromised due to the non-uniform field distribution as the microwave wavelength is typically shorter than chamber dimensions. This could be a bottleneck as the practical application of SWP in semiconductor fabrication demands a large-area plasma with a high uniformity. In this work, we propose field agitation by applying the phase difference of 0° and 180° between the two input microwaves in the chamber to enhance the plasma uniformity. The chamber, optimized for the

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mode at 2.458 GHz, successfully produces a large-area SWP with a diameter of 450 mm under 800 W absorption power and 200 mTorr argon pressure. The measurement results show that the system is capable of yielding enhanced uniformity of large-area SWP while maintaining high ion density.
Low quiescent current LDO with FVF-based PSRR enhanced circuit for EEG recording wearable devices
Authors: Mii Kenji , Kanemoto Daisuke , Hirose Tetsuya
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a low quiescent current low-dropout regulator (LDO) with an auxiliary amplifier, flipped voltage follower (FVF)-based power supply rejection ratio enhanced circuit (FBPEC) for electroencephalogram (EEG) recording devices. The FBPEC comprises a FVF filter, current mirror, and common-source amplifier. The FBPEC exploits the characteristics of FVF filter to reduce the current consumption and increase the gain at specific frequencies. The small-signal equivalent circuit reveals the dominant pole of the FBPEC, which is affected by the output impedance and load capacitance of the common-source amplifier. The proposed LDO is designed using a 0.18 μm CMOS process and has improved power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) up to 18 dB at frequencies above 10 kHz compared to the general LDO. The proposed LDO has a low no-load quiescent current 648 nA and a good figure-of-merit score compared to those of previous works, proving that the proposed circuit is an effective solution for use in wearable EEG recording devices.
Representasi Pola Asuh Demokratis pada Film “Keluarga Cemara 2”
Authors: Fernanda Dede Yogi , Dwivayani Kadek Dristiana
Published: January 2024

The social phenomenon of conflict in the family between younger siblings and older siblings is rampant, especially in Indonesian society, therefore if there is no prevention done through proper parenting, the phenomenon of conflict in the family will continue. The rise of family conflict cases in Indonesia has led many directors to raise this phenomenon in a film. One of the Indonesian films that represent parenting and family conflict is Keluarga Cemara 2. This research aims to find out how the representation of democratic parenting is shown in Keluarga Cemara 2. The research method used in this research is interpretative qualitative with the Roland Barthes semiotic analysis method which sees meaning through the denotation, connotation and myth stages. The results of this study are shown based on seven scenes selected by the researcher. The denotation meaning in this film represents democratic parenting with controlled freedom, direction from parents and rules and attention through the use of verbal and non-verbal language. The connotation meaning in this film is the importance of choosing the right parenting, which shows the importance of establishing good communication, openness and mutual understanding that makes conflicts in the family can be resolved properly. The mythical meaning contained in the film Keluarga Cemara 2 is that every conflict in the family will definitely have a way out when parents choose the right parenting style such as democratic parenting.
Penerapan Metode Naive Bayes pada Sistem Klasifikasi Kualitas Biji Kopi Robusta
Authors: Fata Muhammad Irsyad Indra , Avianto Donny
Published: January 2024

In Indonesia, coffee has become a necessity for some people because the effects can increase stamina and mood so that it can make a person's activities more productive, therefore quality coffee beans are needed so that coffee drinks can produce maximum effects and can be enjoyed by the public This is the basis for researchers to conduct research on the classification of superior quality coffee beans with accurate accuracy. Researchers use the naïve Bayes classifier method because this algorithm is considered more effective in cases of object classification compared to classification carried out manually. Researchers used 220 primary data with parameter configurations, namely, test size 0.2, random state 15, and Gausian model. The accuracy results obtained after testing were 0.91 for training data and 0.86 for testing data. It was concluded that the Naive Bayes method proved to be quite effective for classifying the coffee beans studied
Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Tiket Wisata di Kecamatan Donorojo Menggunakan Metode Payment Gateway
Authors: Wiyono Hadi , Fachrie Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Currently, the process of ordering tourist tickets is still done manually, especially in the Donorojo area, namely by visiting a travel agent or contacting the relevant party by telephone to order tickets. This process tends to take a long time, especially if users must queue to place an order. In addition, information regarding ticket prices and available schedules is not always easily accessible to users. The impact of this problem is confusion and errors in ordering tickets, as well as the buildup of queues at counters which causes congestion. To overcome this problem, we developed a tourist ticket booking application in Donorojo sub-district by implementing payment gateway methods including Flutter as a mobile application development framework and Firebase as a database management system that allows users to order tickets online, find out available tourist destination information and prices. and the schedule of tickets offered. The solution step taken is to collect and analyze data regarding popular tourist destinations, as well as implementing an online payment feature in the application. The interim results we have obtained are applications that are able to provide information about available tourist destinations, as well as provide convenience in the payment process and increase transaction security by using this payment gateway. Users can choose the desired destination, select the date and number of tickets needed, and make payment via the application. After payment is complete, the application will issue an electronic ticket which can be shown upon arrival at the tourist destination.
Klasifikasi Batik Pekalongan Berdasarkan Citra dengan Metode GLCM dan JST Backpropagation
Authors: Fathul Am  , Sela Enny Itje
Published: January 2024

Batik is an Indonesian cultural heritage that is internationally recognized by UNESCO. However, knowledge about the types of batik, especially traditional Pekalongan batik, is increasingly forgotten due to globalization. This research aims to create a Pekalongan traditional batik image classification system through Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) feature extraction and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classification method. This system aims to make it easier for people to identify Pekalongan batik motifs without requiring special skills. The results showed that the GLCM and JST methods can be used to classify Pekalongan batik can predict correctly. The use of JST Backpropagation architecture with 3 hidden layers resulted in train data accuracy of 46.6% and test data accuracy of 55.5%. This system is expected to help preserve the cultural heritage of batik and increase public understanding of Pekalongan batik motifs.
ENGLISH VERBLESS CLAUSES As a Case of Ellipsis
Authors: Nibras Hashim Hani
Published: January 2024

1.Traditional Viewpoint:Traditional grammarians, owing to their preoccupation with the establishment of the ‘parts of speech’ and definition, have offered very little to the study of ‘ellipsis’ as a linguistic phenomenon. They have dealt with language structure on the basis of meaning. Thus, they have considered sentences as elliptical whenever there is an element which is understood but not expressed.Eckersley and Eckersley (1967:318) define ‘ellipsis’ as the part that “is missed out but is ‘understood’ by the speaker and listener”, and point out that ‘ellipsis’ is a common feature in English. Mittins (1976:52) mentions that ellipsis is the omission of items that can safely be “taken for granted”.
Using Linear programming to find solution volterra Integral Equation.
Authors: Ali Hussein shua”a
Published: January 2024

Conclusion :This method is based on approximating the solution using a new technique based on the programming methodlinearity by using the Simplex method to find the solution to thisnumerically equations.
ﺍﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻡ
Authors: ﺩ. ﺩﺭﻳﺩ ﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﺣﻣﺩ
Published: January 2024

اﻟﺤﻤد ﷲ واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻴدﻨﺎ ﻤﺤﻤد وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟـﻪ واﺼـﺤﺎﺒﻪ أﺠﻤﻌـﻴن ٬ وﺒﻌـد

٬ ﻓـﺎن اﻟﻘـرآن اﻟﻛـرﻴم ﻻ ﻴﻤﻛـن ﻓﻬﻤـﻪ ﺤـق اﻟﻔﻬـم اﻻ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎد ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻠﺴـﺎن اﻟﻌرﺒـﻲ ٬ وﻗـد

ﺸـرف اﷲ ﺘﻌـﺎﻟﻰ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ اﻟﻛرﻴﻤـﺔ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻬـﺎ ﻟﺴـﺎن اﻻﻴـﺎت اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨـﺔ ٬ ودﻟﻴـﻝ اﻋﺠـﺎزﻩ اﻟـذي ﻻ

 

ﻴﻨﻘطﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤر اﻟدﻫور واﻟﺴﻨﻴن .

وﻤﻌﻠوم ان اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻤـﺎد اﻟـدﻴن واﺤـد اﻟرﻛـﺎﺌز اﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﻘﺎﻓـﺔ اﻻﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ ٬ ﻓـﻼ

ﻴﻤﻛن ﻟﻛﻝ ﻤﻔﺴر او ﻤﺠﺘﻬد او ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺒﻝ ﻟﻛﻝ ﻋـﺎﻟم أن ﻴﺨطـوا ﺨطـوة واﺤـدة ﻤـن دون اﻟرﺠـوع

اﻟـﻰ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ ٬ وﺼـﺎر ﻤﻌﻠـوم ﻟـدى ﻛﺎﻓـﺔ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﺸـرﻴﻌﺔ أن ﻤـن اوﻟـﻰ اﻻوﻟوﻴـﺎت ان ﻴﻛـون

اﻟﺒﺎﺤث ﻤﺘﻤﻛﻨﺎ ﻤن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ وﻓﻘﻬﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤو ﺸﺎﻤﻝ ٬ وﻗد ﺘﺤـدﺜت اﻟﻤﺼـﺎدر ﻋـن ﻫـذﻩ

اﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ وﻻ ﺴـﻴﻤﺎ ﻛﺘـب اﻟﺘﻔﺴـﻴر وﻤﻘـدﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ٬ وﻛﺘـب اﻻﺼـوﻝ ٬ وﻛﺘـب ﻋﻠـوم اﻟﻘـ ارن ٬ وﻛﺘـب

اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ٬ وﻗد اردﻨﺎ ﻤن ﺨﻼﻝ ﻫذا اﻟﺒﺤث اﻟﻤوﺠز ان ﻨﺴﻬم ﺒـدورﻨﺎ ﻓـﻲ اظﻬـﺎر ﻫـذا اﻟﺠﺎﻨـب

اﻟﺤﻴوي ﺒﺜوب ﻋﻠﻤﻲ رﺸﻴق ﺒﻌﻴدا ﻋـن اﻻﻴﺠـﺎز اﻟﻤﺨـﻝ ٬ واﻻﺴـﺘط ارد اﻟﻤﻤـﻝ ٬ واﷲ ﻨﺴـﺄﻝ ان

 

ﻴوﻓﻘﻨﺎ ﻟﺨدﻤﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺒﻪ اﻟﻌزﻴز اﻨﻪ ﺴﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺠﻴب .

ﻻ ﺒــد ﻟﻛــﻝ ﻤــن ﻴرﻴــد أن ﻴﻔﻬــم اﻟﻘــ ارن اﻟﻛــرﻴم ﻓﻬﻤــﺎ ﺴــدﻴدا أن ﺘﺘــوﻓر ﻓﻴــﻪ ﺒﻌــض

 

اﻟﺸروط اﻻﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ٬ وﻴﻘـف ﻋﻠﻰ أرس ﻫذﻩ اﻟﺸروط اﻟﻌﻠم ﺒﺎﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻨزﻝ ﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﻘ ارن .

وﻗـد اﻛـد اﻟﻘـ ارن اﻟﻛـرﻴم ﻋﻠـﻰ ان اﺴـﻠوﺒﻪ ﻋرﺒـﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﻛﺜﻴـر ﻤـن اﻻﻴـﺎت ٬ ﻓﻘـﺎﻝ اﻨـﻪ

ﻟﺴﺎن ﻋرﺒﻲ ٬ واﻨﻪ ﺤﻛم ﻋرﺒﻲ ٬ واﻨﻪ ﻗ ارن ﻋرﺒـﻲ ٬ وﻗـد ﺒﻠـﻎ ذﻟـك اﺤـد ﻋﺸـر ﻤوﻀـﻌﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ

وﺠﻪ اﻟﺘﺤدﻴد (١) .
اﺴﺎﻟﻴب اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌ ارق ﺒﻌد ٢٠٠٣/٤/٩ د ارﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻠم اﻟﻔﻨون اﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺌدة وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺒطﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻻﺼدار ﺒﻌد اﻻﺤﺘﻼﻝ اﻻﻤرﻴﻛﻲ ﻟﻠﻌ ارق ﻓﻲ ٢٠٠٣
Authors: د. رعد جاسم
Published: January 2024

ﺘﻘف اﻟﺼـﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻴـﺔ اﻟﻴـوم ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻔﺘـرق طـرق ذﻟـك اﻨﻬـﺎ ﺘواﺠـﻪ اﻻﺤـﺘﻼﻝ اﻟﺜﺎﻟـث

ﻟﻠﻌ ارق ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎرﻴﺨﻬﺎ اﻟذي ﻤن اﻟﻤﻔﺘرض ان ﻴﻛون ﻗد ﺒدأ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم .١٨٦٩

 

واﻟﻤﻔﺎرﻗـﺔ اﻟﻠطﻴﻔـﺔ ﻫﻨـﺎ اﻨﻬـﺎ ظﻬـرت ﻋﻠـﻰ وﻓـق ﻫـذا اﻟﺘـﺎرﻴﺦ ﻤـﻊ اﻻﺤـﺘﻼﻝ اﻟﻌﺜﻤـﺎﻨﻲ

ﻟﻠﺒﻠد ﻓﻬﻲ اذا ﻗد ﺒدأت ﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺴﻠطﺔ ﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ ﺘﻤﺜﻝ وﺠﻬـﺎت ﻨظـر اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠـﻴن وﺘﻨﺸـر ﺒﻼﻏـﺎﺘﻬم

 

وﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬم.

وﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟــرﻏم ﻤــن ان اﻟﺼــﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻴــﺔ ﺘﻤــر اﻟﻴــوم (ﺒﻤﺨــﺎض) ﻋﺴــﻴر اذ ﺘواﺠــﻪ

وﻀﻌﺎ ﻓرﻴدا ﻤن ﻨوﻋـﻪ ﻴﺘﻤﺜـﻝ ﺒﺴـﻘوط ﻨظـﺎم ﻛـﺎن ﻴـؤﻤن ﺒﺎﻟﻤرﻛزﻴـﺔ واﻟﺸـﻤوﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﺤـزب اﻟواﺤـد

واﻟﺨطــوط اﻟﺤﻤــ ارء واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤــﺎت اﻟﻤطﺎطــﺔ اﻟﻤ ازﺠﻴــﺔ ﻤــن ﺠﺎﻨــب وﻤــن ﺠﺎﻨــب آﺨــر ﺘواﺠــﻪ

اﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﺤﺘﻼﻻ ﻋﺴـﻛرﻴﺎ ﻤﺜﺒـت ﻋﻠـﻰ وﻓـق ﻗـ ار ارت ﻤﺠﻠـس اﻻﻤـن وﻤـن ﺠﺎﻨـب ﺜﺎﻟـث ﺘواﺠـﻪ

ﻤﺤـﺎوﻻت ﺠدﻴـﺔ ﻻﻋـﺎدة ﺒﻨـﺎء ﻤﻔﺎﺼـﻝ اﻟدوﻟـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ اﻨﻬـﺎرت ﺒﺎﻟﻛﺎﻤـﻝ ﻓـﻲ ٬٢٠٠٣/٤/٩ ﻛﻤـﺎ

اﻨﻬــﺎ ﺘﺤــﺎوﻝ ان ﺘﺠــد ﻟﻬــﺎ ﺘﺸــﻛﻴﻼت ﻤﻬﻨﻴــﺔ وﻤواﺜﻴــق ﺸــرف وﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤــﺎت ﻻﻋــﺎدة ﺒﻨــﺎء اﻟﺒﻴــت

 

اﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻓق ﻨظرة ﺠدﻴدة ﻟدور اﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌ ارق وﻫﻲ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻴﺴت ﺒﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴرة.

وﻻن اﻟﺼـﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﻬﻨـﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻨﺘﻬـﻲ ﻤـﻊ ﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ اﻷﻨظﻤـﺔ وان ﻛﺎﻨـت ﺘوظـف ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ

اﻟﺴﻠطﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ اﺤﻴﺎﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻓق رؤﻴﺔ اﻟﻨظـﺎم اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻲ ﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ اﻟﺼـﺤﺎﻓﺔ وادوارﻫـﺎ وطﺒﻴﻌـﺔ

ﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠـﻪ ﻤـﻊ اﻟﺤرﻴـﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ وﺒﻀـﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺤرﻴـﺔ اﻟﺼـﺤﺎﻓﺔ ٬ ﻓﻘـد اﻨﺘﻬـﻰ ﺼـﺒﻴﺤﺔ ٢٠٠٣/٤/٩
اﻻوﻀﺎع اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌ ارق ﻓﻲ ﺴﻨوات اﻟﺤرب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ١٩٤٥-١٩٣٩
Authors: د. نضر علي امين الشريف
Published: January 2024

اﻨﺼﺒت ﻤﻌظم اﻟد ارﺴﺎت اﻟﺘﺎرﻴﺨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤؤﺴﺴـﺎﺘﻨﺎ اﻷﻛﺎدﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ د ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﺠواﻨـب

اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﺔ و اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎدﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺤـﻴن ﻟـم ﺘﻨـﻝ اﻟﺠواﻨـب اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﻨﺼـﻴﺒﺎ ﻴـذﻛر ﻤـن اﻻﻫﺘﻤـﺎم .

وﻻ ﺸك إن اﻟﺘﻌرف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷوﻀـﺎع اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﺴـﻴوﻓر ﻟﻨـﻝ ﻗـد ار ﻤـن إﻤﻛﺎﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻌـرف ﻋﻠـﻰ

ﻤدى ﺘﺄﺜﻴر اﻷوﻀﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ و اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ و ﺤرﻛﺘـﻪ ٬ وﻤوﻗـف اﻷﻓـ ارد ﻤـن

ﻤﺠﻤـﻝ اﻟﺘطـو ارت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ واﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎدﻴﺔ ٬ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒـﺎر أن اﻷوﻀـﺎع اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻲ إﻻ

 

اﻨﻌﻛﺎس ﻟﻸﺤداث اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ و اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﺸﻌوب .

ﺘـﺄﺘﻰ أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﻫـذا اﻟﺒﺤـث ﻓـﻲ اﻨـﻪ ﻴﺤـﺎوﻝ أن ﻴﻘـدم ﺼـورة اﻗـرب إﻟـﻰ اﻟواﻗـﻊ ﻋـن ﺘـﺄﺜﻴر

اﻟﺤــرب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴــﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴــﺔ و اﻟﺘطــو ارت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴــﻴﺔ و اﻻﻗﺘﺼــﺎدﻴﺔ اﻟﺘــﻲ ارﻓﻘﺘﻬــﺎ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﺤﻴــﺎة

اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻌــ ارق. ﻤــﻊ اﻷﺨــذ ﺒﻨظــر اﻻﻋﺘﺒــﺎر إن اﻟﻌــ ارق ﻟــم ﻴﻛــن طرﻓــﺎ ﻤﺒﺎﺸــ ار أو

أﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﻠـك اﻟﺤـرب ﻤـﻊ أن ﺘﺄﺜﻴرﻫـﺎ أﺼـﺎب ﺒﺸـﻛﻝ أو ﺒـﺄﺨر ﻤ ارﻓـق اﻟﺤﻴـﺎة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻘطـر

 

آﻨذاك .
ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺎﻟﻑ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺭﺍﺗﻳﺟﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺭﺍﺋﻳﻠﻲ
Authors: د. اﺤﻤد ﻋﺒد اﻟﻤﺠﻴد
Published: January 2024

ﻟﻠوﻻﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤدة ﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ داﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨطﻘﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ. وﻻد ارﻛﻬﺎ ان ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﻨطﻘﺔ

ﻫﻲ ﻤﺼدر اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ وﺸرﻴﺎن اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻓﺎﻨﻬﺎ وﻀﻌت اﺴﺘ ارﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺘﻘوم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺒداﻴن

 

اﺴﺎﺴﻴﻴن ﻫﻤﺎ:

- ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ أﻤن اﺴ ارﺌﻴﻝ.

- وﻀﻤﺎن ﺘدﻓق اﻟﺜروة اﻟﻨﻔطﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻤﺼﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟوﻻﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤدة

واﻨطﻼﻗﺎ ﻤن ذﻟك ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟوﻻﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤدة ان ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﻋدة ﻤﺘﻘدﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨطﻘﺔ

ﺘﻛﻔﻝ ﺘواﻓق ﻫذﻴن اﻟﻤﺒدأﻴن وﺘوازﻴﻬﻤﺎ اﺤﻴﺎﻨﺎ. وﻗد اﻫﺘم ﻤﺨططو اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ اﻻﻤرﻴﻛﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻗﺎﻤﺔ

ﻋﻼﻗﺎت اﺴﺘ ارﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ اﺴ ارﺌﻴﻝ ﺘﻨﻤو ﺒﺎﻀط ارد وﺘﺘﺴﻊ ﻋﻤودﻴﺎ واﻓﻘﻴﺎ طﺒﻘﺎ ﻻﺘﺴﺎع ﺘﺄﺜﻴر

اﻟ أري اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤؤﻴد ﻻﺴ ارﺌﻴﻝ داﺨﻝ اﻟﻤﺠﻤوﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻨظﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟوﻻﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤدة ٬ وﻗد ارﺘﻘت

ﺘدرﻴﺠﻴﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺒﻠﻐت ﻤﺴﺘوى ﺘﺤﺎﻟف اﺴﺘ ارﺘﻴﺠﻲ.

وﻤن اﻟﻤؤﻛد ان ﺘﺄﺜﻴر اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ اﻟداﺨﻠﻴﺔ اﻻﻤرﻴﻛﻴﺔ اﻟﻘت ﺒظﻼﻟﻬﺎ ٬ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﻘدم

ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼ ارع اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ اﻻﺴ ارﺌﻴﻠﻲ وذﻟك اﻨطﻼﻗﺎ ﻤن ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻤؤداﻫﺎ ان اﻻﻤرﻴﻛﻴﻴن ﻴﺘﻌﺎطﻔون

ﻤﻊ اﺴ ارﺌﻴﻝ اﻛﺜر ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﺎطﻔون ﻤﻊ اﻟﻌرب ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ. وﻴﻌﺘﺒر اﻟﻴﻬود اﻻﻤرﻴﻛﻴون

ﻤواﻟﻴن ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻻﺴ ارﺌﻴﻝ ٬ ﻏﻴر ان اﻻﻤرﻴﻛﻴﻴن ﻏﻴر اﻟﻴﻬود ﻴﻤﻴﻠون اﻴﻀﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻨدة اﺴ ارﺌﻴﻝ وان

ﻛﺎن ﺒﻘدر اﻗﻝ ﻤن اﻟﺤﻤﺎس (١) . وﺘﻠﻌب ادوات اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ واﻟدﻋﺎﻴﺔ دو ار ﻨﺸﻴطﺎ وﻓﻌﺎﻻ ﻓﻲ

ﺤﻤﻝ اﻻدا ارت اﻻﻤرﻴﻛﻴﺔ واﻟﻛوﻨﻐرس ﻋﻠﻰ اﺘﺨﺎذ ﻗ ار ارت ﻤواﻟﻴﺔ ﻻﺴ ارﺌﻴﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨطﺎق واﺴﻊ.

وﺘﻌﻛس اﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻨواﻋﻬﺎ ﻫذا اﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ اذ ﻴﺘم ﻨﺸر اﻻﻨﺒﺎء واﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼت اﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﺴ ارﺌﻴﻝ

ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴن ﻟم ﺘﺤظ اﻻﻨﺒﺎء اﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌرب إﻻ ﺒﺎﻟﻨزر اﻟﻴﺴﻴر ﻤن اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻟدى اﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴن

ﻓﻲ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ. وﻗد ﺠرت اﻟﻌﺎدة ان ﺘﺄﺨذ اﻟﺘﻐطﻴﺔ اﻟدﻋﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺸﻛﻝ ﻗواﻟب ﻨﻤطﻴﺔ ﺘظﻬر
ﺍﻟﺧﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺍﺣﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺗﺎءﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺩﻭء ﺑﻬﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﻣﺎ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺣﺫﻑ ﺍﺣﺩﺍﻫﻣﺎ
Authors: د. ﻨﻬﺎد ﺤﺴوﺒﻲ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ
Published: January 2024

اﺨﺘﻠـف اﻟﻨﺤـﺎة ﻓـﻲ ﺠـواز ادﻏـﺎم اﺤـدى اﻟﺘـﺎءﻴن اﻟﻤﺒــدوء ﺒﻬﻤـﺎ اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ اﻟﻤﻀـﺎرع او

 

ﻋدم ﺠـوازﻩ . وﻤﺼـدر اﻟﺨـﻼف ﻫـو ﺼـﺤﺔ ﻫـذا اﻻدﻏـﺎم ﻋﻨـد ﺒﻌـض اﻟﻘـ ارء ٬ وﻗـد أﺜﺒـت اﺒـن

 

ﻤﺎﻟك ﺠوازﻩ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﻘوﻟﻪ:

 

و َﺤﻴِ َﻲ آَﻓﻠُ ْك و آّدﻏم دون ﺤذر

وﻗد ﻤﺜﻝ ﻟﻪ اﺒن ﻋﻘﻴﻝ ﺒـ (آﺘّﺠﻠﻰ).

 

 

ﻛذﻟك ﻨﺤو ﺘﺘﺠﻠّﻰ واﺴﺘﺘر

 

أﻤﺎ أري ﺴﻴﺒوﻴﻪ ﻓﻘد ﺠـﺎء ﻓـﻲ ﻗوﻟـﻪ (( ﻓـﺈن اﻟﺘﻘـت اﻟﺘـﺎءان ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺘﻛﻠّﻤـون وﺘﺘّرﺴـون ٬

 

ﻓﺄﻨـت ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻴـﺎر ٬ إن ﺸـﺌت اﺜﺒﺘﻬﻤـﺎ ٬ ٕوان ﺸـﺌت ﺤـذﻓت إﺤـداﻫﻤﺎ : وﺘﺼـدﻴق ذﻟـك ﻗوﻟـﻪ ﻋـز

 

وﺠــﻝ : (( ﺘَﺘََﻨــﱠزُﻝ َﻋﻠَــْﻴ ِﻬْم اْﻟ َﻤ َﻼﺌِ َﻛــﺔُ (( ٬ (١) و(( ﺘَﺘَ َﺠــﺎﻓَﻰ ُﺠُﻨــوُﺒﻬُْم َﻋــ ْن اْﻟ َﻤ َﻀــﺎ ِﺠ ِﻊ )) (٢) ٕوان

ﺸﺌت ﺤذﻓت اﻟﺘﺎء اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ . وﺘﺼدﻴق ذﻟك ﻗوﻟـﻪ ﺘﺒـﺎرك وﺘﻌـﺎﻟﻰ: (ﺘََﻨـﱠزُﻝ اْﻟ َﻤ َﻼﺌِ َﻛـﺔُ َواﻟـﱡروُح ِﻓﻴﻬَـﺎ

(( ٬ (٣) وﻗوﻟـﻪ ((َوﻟَﻘَْد ُﻛْﻨﺘُْم ﺘََﻤﱠﻨـْون اْﻟ َﻤْو َت )) (٤) … وﻻ ﻴﺴﻛﻨون ﻫذﻩ اﻟﺘﺎء ﻓـﻲ (( ﺘﺘﻛﻠّﻤـون ))

 

وﻨﺤوﻫﺎ … (( (٥) .

 

اﻤـﺎ اﻟﺨـــﻼف اﻻﺨـر ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺜـﻝ : (( ﺘﺘذ ّﻛـرون )) (( ﺘذ ّﻛــرون )) و (( ﺘﺘﻴﻤ ّﻤـون ))

(( ﺘﻴ ّﻤﻤون )) (( ﺘﺘﻠّون )) (( ﺘﻠّون )) ..اﻟﺦ.

 

ﻓﻤــﻨﻬم ﻤــن ﻗــﺎﻝ ﺒﺤــذف اﻷوﻟــﻰ وﻫــم اﻟﻛوﻓﻴــون ٬ وﻤــﻨﻬم ﻤــن ﻗــﺎﻝ ﺒﺤــذف اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴــﺔ وﻫــم

 

اﻟﺒﺼرﻴون ٬ واﻨﺘظم ﻫذا اﻟﺨﻼف ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻤن ﻤﺴﺎﺌﻝ اﻟﺨﻼف ﺒﻴن اﻟﻔـرﻴﻘﻴن وﻫـﻲ اﻟﻤﺴـﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜـﺔ

 

واﻟﺘﺴﻌون ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب (( اﻻﻨﺼﺎف ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺌﻝ اﻟﺨﻼف )) .
ﺍﻟﻛﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺭﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺟﺏ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻭﺋﻬﺎ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ.ﻛﺎﻅﻡ ﻛﺭﻳﻡ ﺭﺿﺎ  , ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﺻﺑﺣﻲ ﻧﺎﺟﻲ    ﺍﻟﺟﺑﻭﺭﻱ
Published: January 2024

ﻟم ﻴﺒ َق إﻻ اﻗﻝ ﻤن ﺴﻨﺔ واﺤدة ٬ و ﻨدﺨﻝ ﻗـرن اﻟﺘطـور اﻟﻬﺎﺌـﻝ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻛـم و اﻟﻨـوع

ﻤن اﻟﺜورة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻛﻨوﻟوﺠﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ٬ ﻓﻘد ﺤـدﺜت ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌﻘـود اﻷﺨﻴـرة ﻤـن ﻫـذا اﻟﻘـرن

ﺘﻐﻴـ ارت ﻛﺒﻴـرة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻛﺜﻴـر ﻤـن ﻤﺠـﺎﻻت اﻟﺤﻴـﺎة و ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ اﻟﻤﺠـﺎﻻت اﻟﺘرﺒوﻴـﺔ ٬ وﻤﻌﻠـم اﻟﻴـوم

ﻴﺨﺘﻠــف ﻓــﻲ ﻤﻬﻤﺎﺘــﻪ ﻋــن ﻤﻌﻠــم اﻷﻤــس ٬ ﻓﺎﻷطﻔــﺎﻝ اﻟــذﻴن ﻴﻠﺘﺤﻘــون ﺒﺎﻟﻤدرﺴــﺔ ٬ ﺨﺒــ ارﺘﻬم

اﻟﺤﺴـﻴﺔ ﻗــد ازدادت و ﺘﻌﻘــدت ﺒﺴـﺒب ﺘطـور وﺴﺎﺌــﻝ اﻻﺘﺼــﺎﻝ ( communication

media ) و ﺘﻌﻘـدﻫﺎ ﺒﺴـﺒب اﺴـﺘﺨدام وﺴـﺎﺌﻝ و أﺠﻬـزة ﺘﻛﻨوﻟوﺠﻴـﺔ ﻤﺘطـورة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺒﻴـت

واﻟﺸﺎرع و اﻟﻤدرﺴﺔ و ﻫذا ﻤـﺎ اﻨﻌﻛـس ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﻴـر ﻓـﻲ أﻫـداف اﻟﺘرﺒﻴـﺔ و رﺴـﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠـم ٬ و

طـرق إﻋـدادﻩ ٬ ﻓـﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠم أﺼـﺒﺢ ﻴﻌـد و ﻴـدرب ﻋﻠـﻰ وﻓـق أﺴـﺎﻟﻴب و أﻨﻤـﺎط ﺘرﺒوﻴـﺔ و ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺔ

ﻤﺘطورة ٬ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ أﺴﻠوب ﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻝ اﻟـﻨظم و اﻟﻛﻔﺎﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘدرﻴﺒﻴـﺔ و اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻨـﺎت اﻟﺘرﺒوﻴـﺔ .... اﻟـﺦ .

 

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ﻓﺎﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫـﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ظﻬـرت ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺴـﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﻤـن ﻫـذا اﻟﻘـرن رﻛـزت ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻛﻔـﺎءات

اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ﻹﻋـداد اﻟﻤﻌﻠـم Based Teacher ( CBTE ) – ( Competency

Education ) ﻟزﻴﺎدة ﻛﻔﺎﺌﺘـﻪ ﻴﻤﻛـن ﻗـﺎد ار ﻋﻠـﻰ أداء دورﻩ اﻟﻤﻬﻨـﻲ ﺒﻛﻔـﺎءة ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ٬ ﻻرﺘﺒـﺎط

 

أﻫداف إﻋداد اﻟﻤﻌﻠم ﺒﻤﺴﺘوﻴﺎت اﻷداء اﻟﻤطﻠوﺒﺔ ( PBTE ) .

Based Teacher Education ) – ( Performance ﻫـو ﻤـﺎ ﻴﻔﺴـر إﻋـداد اﻟﻤﻌﻠـم

ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺒق اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴر ﻻ أن ﻴﺘﺒﻌﻪ ٬ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋن ﺘزوﻴد اﻟﻤﻌﻠم ﺒﻤﺠﻤوﻋـﺔ ﻤـن اﻟﻛﻔﺎﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ و

اﻟﺘرﺒوﻴـــﺔ اﻟﻼزﻤـــﺔ ﻟﻤوﺠﻬـــﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴـــ ارت اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠـــﺔ ﻓـــﻲ اﻟﻤﺴـــﺘﻘﺒﻝ ﻓـــﻲ ﻀـــوء اﻟﻤﺴـــﺘﺠدات

اﻟﺘﻛﻨوﻟوﺠﻴــﺔ و اﻟﺘطــور اﻟﻌﻠﻤــﻲ ﻟﻴﺼــﺒﺢ دورﻩ واﻀــﺤﺎ ﻓــﻲ أﺜــ ارء و ﺘطــوﻴر ﻤﺎدﺘــﻪ و طــرق
A Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in the Atmosphere Using Spectroscopic Analysis
Authors: Won Sunjeong , Lee Ingyu , Park Jinsoo , Park Jeongmin , Kim Hyunook
Published: January 2024

In this study, microplastics in atmospheric fine dust were isolated based on size and subsequently identified using μ-Raman. First, fine dust was collected using a high-volume air sampler with a stainless-steel (STS) filter; the STS filter, made of stainless steel of 1 μm pore size, was used in place of a traditional quartz filter. Particles collected by the filter were separated by gravity, followed by oxidation of the organic matter. The pretreated samples were refiltered using a silicon filter, followed by the identification of microplastics using μ-Raman. The collected air samples had 2.5 ± 2.0 (0.6-7.6) MPs/m3. The most detected material was polyethylene (64%), followed by nylon (20%), polyethylene terephthalate (5%), polystyrene (5%), and polypropylene (2%). The average size of the detected microplastics was 13.1 ± 9.0 (1.7-107.4) μm. The cumulative percentages show that particles 30 μm and smaller account for 96% of the total, 20 μm and smaller for 82%, and 10 μm and smaller for 46%. It was observed that microplastic abundance (MPs/m³) by date was not significantly correlated with precipitation or PM10.
Renal Ectopia in the Pelvic Area: A Rare Case
Authors: Benabdallah Y. Staouni
Published: January 2024

Renal ectopia is a positional defect during development, consistently accompanied by malrotation, always involving abnormal vascularization with one or more ectopic arteries and a ureter of appropriate length for the location of the kidney. It is distinct from renal ptosis. Several types of ectopias are distinguished: on one hand, simple ectopias occurring in the vertical direction (intrathoracic kidney, low-lying kidney) or in the transverse direction (crossed ectopia), and on the other hand, ectopias with symphyses. Pathological pelvic ectopic kidney is rare. It is often revealed by pain, infectious complications, urinary lithiasis, or sometimes fortuitous discovery. We report the case of a 60-year-old patient with a history of hip prostheses, incidentally discovering, through a diagnostic assessment for nephritic colic due to contralateral ureteral lithiasis, a left ectopic kidney in the pelvic area on a CT scan. Based on this case and literature data, we will discuss the etiopathogenic, clinical, radiological, and therapeutic aspects of this malformation.
An Unusual Case of Scrotal Aggressive Angiomyxoma (AAM) Masquerading as Non-Reducible Inguinal Hernia – A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bawa Harleen , Lakhani Darshan , Rathore Kapil
Published: January 2024

This case report details a rare instance of scrotal Aggressive Angiomyxoma (AAM) in a 62-year-old male, presenting with a gradually enlarging mass masquerading as a non-reducible inguinal hernia. AAM, predominantly found in adult females, is an exceptionally uncommon occurrence in men. The diagnostic challenge lay in the rarity of male cases and the tumor’s mimicry of common conditions like inguinal hernia. Upon physical examination, a non-reducible, non-tender swelling extending from the right inguinal region to the scrotal sac was noted. Radiological investigations initially suggested a scrotal mass or non-reducible inguinal hernia. Intraoperative exploration revealed a large encapsulated cystic mass, measuring 12 x 8 cm, originating from the inguinal ligament. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of aggressive angiomyxoma, characterized by spindle-shaped tumor cells, thick-walled blood vessels, and myxoid texture. The discussion underscores the diagnostic complexities of AAM, emphasizing the necessity of histopathological examination for conclusive diagnosis. A review of male AAM cases in the literature highlights similarities with female cases, supporting the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR). Surgical removal with clear margins is the primary treatment, although recurrence rates vary. The potential role of hormonal therapy, especially in ER and PR positive cases, is noted but requires further exploration. In conclusion, this rare case sheds light on the clinical and pathological characteristics of scrotal AAM in men. The diagnostic journey underscores the importance of considering AAM in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses. Long-term follow-up is crucial due to the tumor’s propensity for local recurrence, making this case a valuable addition to the limited literature on male AAM.
Contribution of Scanopelvimetry in the Prognosis of Childbirth at the Radiology and Imaging Department of the Mother-Child University Hospital the “Luxembourg’’
Authors: Kouma Alassane , Dembele Mamadou , Coulibaly Sylvain , N’diaye Mamadou , Diarra Hawa , Ly Seydou , Cisse Issa , Sanogo Souleymane , Cisse Sinaly , Berete Cheick Zoumana , Thera Tionkani Augustin , K Adama Diaman
Published: January 2024

Aim: To study the contribution of scanopelvimetry to the prognosis of childbirth in the radiology and medical imaging department of the Mother-Child University Hospital “Le Luxembourg” Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective collection involving 30 patients, who had performed CT scan for a suspected pelvic anomaly in the radiology and medical imaging department of the Mother-Child University Hospital ''Le Luxembourg''.' between April 2021 and September 2022. The variables measured were sociodemographic data, the gynecological and obstetrical history of the pregnant woman, the reasons for requesting scanopelvimetry and the result of scanopelvimetry. Results: The prevalence of scanopelvimetry was 3.32% compared to all scans performed. The most represented age group was 21 to 30 years old (66.7%), second gestation was in the majority (46.7%), the majority of pregnant women did not have a living child (46.6 %), cesarean section was the most represented obstetric history (46.7%), clinical suspicion of a narrowed pelvis was the most represented clinical information with 33.4%, promonto-retropubic diameter (PRP ) measured at 11 mm was the most represented (46.7%), the median transverse diameter at 11 mm was the most represented (43.3%), the majority of pregnant women had a Magnin index between 21 and 22 cm (56.7%), cesarean section was the most represented method of delivery, i.e. 53.3% of cases. Conclusion: Le scanner hélicoïdal multi barrettes permet une nouvelle approche de la pelvimétrie répondant aux exigences des obstétriciens en privilégiant l’étude morphologique du bassin. La scanopelvimétrie permet au gynécologue obstétricien à partir des mensurations du bassin obstétrical d’évaluer le pronostic de l’accouchement, donc de planifier avec la patiente la voie d’accouchement.
PELATIHAN KEUANGAN DAN PEMASARAN E-COMMERCE PADA UKM RAFFLESIA KOTA BATAM
Authors: Harahap Baru , Richmayati Maya , Rahmat Muhammad
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pelatihan keuangan dan pemasaran berbasis e-commerce pada UKM Rafflesia di Kota Batam. Identifikasi permasalahan menunjukkan bahwa UKM Rafflesia menghadapi tantangan dalam pemasaran hasil produksi dan pencatatan keuangan yang tidak teratur. Analisis akar masalah mengungkapkan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang e-commerce dan ketidakmampuan manajemen keuangan sebagai akar permasalahan utama. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembinaan UKM Rafflesia yang akan diberikan yaitu metode survei, metode ceramah, metode diskusi dan metode latihan. Hasil dari pengabdian UKM merasakan masih perlu penyesuaian terhadap penyusunan laporan keuangan yang berstandar akuntansi keuangan entitas tanpa akuntabilitas publik, sudah ada pemisahan laporan keuangan yang telah biasa disusun oleh UKM melalui keuntungan usaha dan kas pribadi serta telah tersedianya laman media sosial UKM yang dijalankan peserta dan pahamnya mengenai yang harus dilakukan dengan laman tersebut untuk memaksimalkan penjualan.

Kata kunci: Pembinaan, Pelaporan, Keuangan, Pemasaran, E-commerce.

ABSTRACT

This research aims to conduct e-commerce-based financial and marketing training for Rafflesia SMEs in Batam City. Identification of problems shows that Rafflesia SMEs face challenges in marketing their products and irregular financial records. Root cause analysis revealed a lack of knowledge about e-commerce and financial management incompetence as the main root causes. The methods used in developing Rafflesia UKM that will be provided are the survey method, lecture method, discussion method and training method. As a result of the service, SMEs feel that there is still a need for adjustments to the preparation of financial reports that are based on entity financial accounting standards without public accountability, there is already a separation of financial reports that are usually prepared by SMEs from business profits and personal cash and the availability of UKM social media pages run by participants and their understanding. about what to do with the page to maximize sales.

Keywords: Coaching, Report, Finance, Marketing, E-commerce.
PELATIHAN PENGHITUNGAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI DAN PELAPORAN SPT TAHUNAN PADA SISWA PKBM SAHABAT CENDEKIA
Authors: Br Purba Neni Marlina , Zetli Sri , Poniman  , E Janrosl Viola Syukrina , Prima Argo Putra , Sitorus David Humala , Yuliadi
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK

Kegiatan pelatihan ini bertujuan memberikan pelatihan penghitungan pajak penghasilan wajib pajak orang pribadi dan mengajarkan cara melaporkan SPT Tahunan pada siswa PKBM Sahabat Cendekia. Saat ini masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak paham cara perhitungan pemotongan pajak penghasilan tersebut. Selain perhitungan pajak yang harus dibayarkan setiap bulan, permasalahan lain yang juga tidak kalah penting yang dihadapi masyarakat tersebut adalah dalam melaporkan pajak yang telah dibayarkan. Adapun solusi untuk penyelesaian permasalahan tersebut maka diberikan pelatihan kepada siswa PKBM Sahabat Cendekia dengan metode penyampaian materi dan praktek penghitungan pajak penghasilan wajib pajak orang pribadi dan mengajarkan cara melaporkan SPT Tahunan. Hasil PKM menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan yang maksimal. Hal ini terbukti dengan PKM dilaksankan secara kondusif dan tepat waktu. Seluruh peserta kegiatan mengikuti pelatihan dengan sangat antusias dibuktikan dengan berbagai pertanyaan yang diberikan mengenai pajak. Pelatihan dilakukan sesuai dengan rencana yang diusulkan yaitu sebanyak 5 kali pertemuan yang dilakukan secara tatap muka langsung. Para peserta dapat memahami pentingnya membayar pajak untuk keberlangsungan suatu negara. Setelah mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan, Para peserta dapat mengitung pajak PPh 21. Peserta pelatihan juga sudah dapat melaporkan pajak mereka denga menggunakan aplikasi e-Filing.

Kata Kunci: Pelatihan pajak, Perhitungan Pajak, Pelaporan Pajak

ABSTRACT

This training activity aims to provide training on calculating income tax for individual taxpayers and teaching how to report Annual Tax Returns to PKBM Friends of Scholar students. Currently, there are still many people who do not understand how to calculate income tax deductions. Apart from calculating the taxes that must be paid every month, another problem that is no less important faced by the community is reporting the taxes that have been paid. As for the solution to resolve this problem, training is provided to PKBM Friends of Scholar students with methods of delivering material and practice in calculating income tax for individual taxpayers and teaching them how to report Annual Tax Returns. PKM results show the maximum level of success. This is proven by the PKM being implemented in a conducive and timely manner. All activity participants took part in the training with great enthusiasm as evidenced by the various questions asked about taxes. The training was carried out according to the proposed plan, namely 5 face-to-face meetings. Participants can understand the importance of paying taxes for the sustainability of a country. After participating in training activities, participants can calculate PPh 21 taxes. Training participants can also report their taxes using the e-Filing application.

Keywords: Tax training, Tax Calculation, Tax Reporting
PENGUATAN DAN PENGGERAK EKONOMI DESA MELALUI BUMDES GELORA 45 DESA GEMA KAMPAR KIRI HULU RIAU
Authors: Israwati Israwati , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Fadhly Nizamil , Irawan T. , Anwar Doddy
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK

Desa Gema memiliki badan usaha milik desa atau BumDes yang bernama Bumdes Gelora 45. Bumdes Gelora 45 resmi dibentuk pada tahun 2019 oleh kepala Desa Gema Kampar Kiri Hulu. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini secara umum bertujuan untuk pemberdayakan manajerial BUMDES gelora 45 melalui pelatihan Penguatan Dan Penggerak Ekonomi Desa, secara khusus yaitu meningkatkan  pengetahuan dan keterampilan dan memberikan motivasi manajerial BUMDes gelora 45 dalam mengelola Bumdes dengan baik sehingga menjadikan Bumdes sebagai badan usaha yang berdampak sebagai penggerak ekonomi desa. Dalam kegiatan PKM ini diperlukan beberapa metode dalam  mengatasi permasalahan mitra. Antara lain pelatihan dalam pengelolaan manajemen sumber daya manusia baik untuk manajerial maupun anggota BumDes Gelora 45 Desa Gema dan pembinaan untuk seluruh manajerial dan anggota dalam struktural Bumdes Gelora 45 Desa Gema. Pelatihan diikuti oleh 15 orang peserta. Sedangkan kegiatan PKM team LPPM STIE Dharma Putra dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2023, yang diikuti oleh 15 orang Dosen dan melibatkan 5 orang mahasiswa. Adapun pelaksanaan kegiatan ini diadakan di Bumi Perkemahan Bukit Tobek Sungai Subayang Desa Gema Kampar Kiri Hulu Kabupaten Kampar. Kegiatan PKM  memberikan  pelatihan dan pemahaman kepada seluruh peserta, sehingga peserta merasakan manfaat dari kegiatan PKM ini.

Kata Kunci:  Penguatan dan Penggerak Ekonomi Desa

ABSTRACT

Gema Village has a village-owned business entity or BumDes called Bumdes Gelora 45. Bumdes Gelora 45 was officially formed in 2019 by the head of Gema Kampar Kiri Hulu Village. This community service activity generally aims to empower the management of BUMDES Gelora 45 through training on Strengthening and Mobilizing the Village Economy, specifically increasing knowledge and skills and providing managerial motivation for BUMDES Gelora 45 in managing Bumdes well so as to make Bumdes a business entity that has an impact as a driving the village economy. In this PKM activity, several methods are needed to overcome partner problems. These include training in human resource management for both managers and members of BumDes Gelora 45 Gema Village and coaching for all managers and structural members of BumDes Gelora 45 Gema Village. The training was attended by 15 participants. Meanwhile, the PKM activity of the LPPM STIE Dharma Putra team was held in September 2023, which was attended by 15 lecturers and involved 5 students. The implementation of this activity was held at the Bukit Tobek Sungai Sushadow Camping Ground, Gema Kampar Kiri Hulu Village, Kampar Regency. PKM activities provide training and understanding to all participants, so that participants feel the benefits of this PKM activity.

Keywords: Strengthening and Driving the Village Economy
DAGUSIBU Antibiotik pada Ibu Rumah Tangga
Authors: Jayanthi Ni Kadek Arinda , Suryaningsih Ni Putu Aryati , Sutema Ida Ayu Manik Partha , Widowati I Gusti Ayu Rai , Setiawan Putu Yudhistira Budhi , Suwantara I Putu Tangkas
Published: January 2024

Swamedikasi antibiotik mengakibatkan meluasnya resistensi antimikroba. Ibu rumah tangga merupakan pengambil keputusan perawatan kesehatan di rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran DAGUSIBU antibiotik pada ibu rumah tangga di Banjar Pinda - Gianyar. Studi observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner yang divalidasi. Sejumlah 79 responden turut berpartisipasi, direkrut secara purposive. Hasil menunjukan tingkat pengetahuan ibu rumah tangga pada kategori cukup (51 [64,6%]). Sumber perolehan informasi tentang antibiotik adalah dari dokter (75 [94,9%]) dan jenis antibiotik paling sering digunakan adalah Amoxycillin (76 [96,2%]). Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang antibiotik, apoteker disarankan melakukan penyuluhan berkala tentang penggunaan antibiotik melalui edukasi DAGUSIBU.
 
Antibiotic self-medication has resulted in widespread antimicrobial resistance. Housewives are the healthcare decision-makers in the household. This study aims to describe the antibiotic DAGUSIBU in housewives at Banjar Pinda, Gianyar City. The analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from March to April 2023. Data was collected through interviews with validated questionnaires. A total of 79 respondents participated, recruited purposively. The results show the level of knowledge of housewives in the sufficient category (51 [64,9%]). The source of obtaining information about antibiotics is from doctors (75 [94,9%]); the most frequently used type of antibiotic was Amoxicillin (76 [96,2%]). To increase knowledge about antibiotics, counseling about the use of antibiotics can be carried out through DAGUSIBU education.
Status Perokok dan Nilai Saturasi Oksigen Pasca Anestesi Umum
Authors: Sumarno Altharikh Syah Alam , Suryani Roro Lintang , Suandika Made
Published: January 2024

World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2017 menyatakan bahwa di asia memiliki prevalensi perokok yang tinggi. Perilaku merokok dapat menimbulkan berbagai risiko kesehatan yang dampaknya memengaruhi organ paru-paru, kadar saturasi oksigen dan merupakan kebiasaan yang tidak bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status perokok dengan nilai saturasi oksigen (SPO2) pasca anestesi umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskritif analitik dangan pendekatan cross secstional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan Cross Sectional yaitu dimana peneliti mendapatkan responden yang tersedia sesuai dengan kriteria penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan uji koefiensi kontingensi C. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan ada hubungan atara status perokok dengan nilai saturasi SPO2 dengan nilai chi-square dengan nilai probabilitas 0,000 ˂ 0,05. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa adanya hubungan antara status perokok dengan nilai saturasi SPO2 pasca anestesi umum di RSUD. Saran pada penelitian ini betapa bahayanya rokok itu sendiri dikarenakan dalam kandungan rokok itu memiliki 4000 zat kimia yang sangat bahaya yang dapat menyebabkan peurunan saturasi.
 
The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 stated that asia have a high prevalence of smokers. Smoking behavior can pose various health risks that affect the lungs, oxygen saturation levels and is a habit that is not beneficial to human health. This study aims to determine the relationship between smoking status and post-general anesthesia oxygen saturation values (SPO2). This study uses descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling using Cross Sectional, namely where researchers get available respondents according to the research criteria. Data analysis used the contingency coefficient test C. The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between smoking status and SPO2 saturation value with a chi-square value with a probability value of 0.000 ˂ 0.05. This shows that there is a relationship between smoking status and post-general anesthesia SPO2 saturation values in hospitals. Suggestions in this study how dangerous cigarettes themselves are because cigarettes contain 4,000 very dangerous chemicals that can cause a decrease in saturation..
Formulasi dan uji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan salep daging daun lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada penyembuhan luka bernanah
Authors: Dena Mutia , Dalimunthe Gabena Indrayani , Lubis Minda Sari , Rahayu Yayuk Putri
Published: January 2024

Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit infeksi pada kulit, salah satunya adalah penyakit luka bernanah. Lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) termasuk kedalam famili asphodelaceae yang merupakan salah satu tanaman yang diketahui memiliki senyawa antibakteri. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental. Variabel bebas yaitu konsentrasi daging  daun lidah buaya  20%,30% dan 40%. Dan konsentrasi salep daging daun lidah buaya 20%, 30%; dan 40%. Variabel terikat yaitu aktivitas antibakteri sediaan salep daging daun lidah buaya terhadap bakteri staphylococcus aureus pada penyembuhan luka bernanah, dan evaluasi mutu sediaan  salep daging daun lidah buaya. Hasil nilai Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) antibakteri daging daun lidah buaya  terhadap staphylococcus aureus sebesar 8,1 mm (konsentrasai 20%); 8,5 mm (konsentrasi 30%); dan 10,5 mm (konsentrasi 40%). Nilai ZOI antibakteri salep daging daun lidah buaya terhadap staphylococcus aureus sebesar 10,6 mm (F1 20%); 11,5 mm (F2 30%); dan 12,5 mm (F3 40%). Hasil uji pada luka bernanah pada hewan uji tikus mendapatkan skor  penyembuhan sedang pada F1, F2, F3 dan K+ (gentamicin sulfate 0,1%)  kuat,  sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa sediaan salep daging daun lidah buaya dapat menghambat pertumbuhan antibakteri pada penyembuhan luka bernanah meskipun dengan kategori sedang dibandingkan dengan Gentamicin salep 0,1% dengan kategori kuat (sensitif).
Indication and identification of entomopathogenic nematodes Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae (a review)
Authors: Kovtun A.
Published: January 2024

Goal. Of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of the use of methods aimed at detecting and identifying beneficial microorganisms for plant protection — entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae).

Results. A review of methods commonly used in faunistic studies of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) is given here, discussing their advantages and limitation. A single standard for many of the methods discussed in this review does not currently exist, so different approaches are described whose effectiveness has been confirmed experimentally and is considered satisfactory. First of all, the methods of soil sampling and insect hosts sampling and techniques for isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes from different types of samples are described. The most important systematic features of entomopathogenic nematodes, approaches to their identification and the main methods required for routine species identification, primarily the production of micro specimens and their examination by light microscopy, are discussed below. Methods of electron microscopy, cross-breeding and molecular genetic studies of entomopathogenic nematodes are also described.

Conclusions. The obtained data are of significant theoretical and practical importance, as they allow for an informed choice of the most optimal method of detecting and identifying entomopathogenic nematodes — potential bioagents against insect pests.
A FISIOPATOLOGIA DA CEFALEIA CRÔNICA: ESTUDO SOBRE O LÍQUIDO CEFALORRAQUIDIANO
Authors: Junior Sandoval Fernando Cardoso De Freitas , Freitas Sara Regina Moura de , Gama Keit Maciel da , Matos Naara Alefe Batista , Almeida Robson Santos de , Rabello Ewellin Fabiane Queiroz , Cunha Ítalo Íris Boiba Rodrigues da
Published: January 2024

A enxaqueca crônica ou cefaleia crônica é caracterizada pelo aparecimento de dores de cabeça com aspecto unilateral ou bilateral, sendo geralmente do ripo pulsátil podendo apresentar uma intensidade leve, moderada no início da apresentação dos sintomas, porém apresenta a piora do quadro posteriormente. A dor propriamente dita é um sintoma subjetivo, sendo resultado de uma combinação de fatores biológicos, psicológicos e interpessoais, trazendo consigo uma sobrecarga de preocupações, em especial quando o acometimento se dá na região cefálico sendo denominado a cefaleia ou dor de cabeça. Objetivos: Este trabalho se propõe a explorar a fisiopatologia da cefaleia crônica com um enfoque específico no líquido cefalorraquidiano. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada através do acesso online nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) no mês de junho de 2023. Como critérios de inclusão, foram considerados artigos originais, que abordassem o tema pesquisado e permitissem acesso integral ao conteúdo do estudo, publicados no período de 2015 a 2023, em português e em inglês. Resultados e Discussões: Na cefaleia pode se observar suas manifestações clínicas, sendo elas náusea, vômitos, vertigem, tontura, dor pulsátil na região frontal ou parental seguidas pela dor ocular, mediante aos fatores as cefaleias são classificadas em primaria e em secundaria. A dificuldade do diagnóstico médico se dá devido as manifestações clínicas serem semelhantes uma das outras, como a enxaqueca com aura típica, prolongada, hemiplégica, basilar, enxaqueca com aura sem cefaleia e com aura de início agudo.

Conclusão:  Em síntese, a fisiopatologia da cefaleia crônica com enfoque no estudo do líquido cefalorraquidiano, representa um passo significativo em direção ao entendimento aprofundado dessa complexa condição clínica, que atinge grande parte da população em escala mundial. A investigação minuciosa das alterações bioquímicas, marcadores moleculares e perfis proteicos neste fluido vital proporcionou uma visão abrangente dos mecanismos subjacentes à persistência da cefaleia crônica.