bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Applied Drama in Clinical Ethics Education
Authors:   Professor. MD, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan, Hattori Kenji ,   E-mail: medphilosophie@gmail.com
Published: September 2021

"We examine the significance and necessity of introducing applied drama into clinical ethics education to build ethics competency. Case-based clinical ethics, distant from abstract theory-based discursive ethics, pays close attention to emotions of persons involved in a given case, and of participants in deliberation. Some authors have sensibly emphasized this point. For example, CURA, a reflective method puts forward the crucial step to become aware of own emotions and physical reactions to each difficult situation. These suggest that we should not stay just in rational reasoning to resolve moral problems in clinical settings. Such a stream seems to lead us to the next stage of clinical ethics education. Applied drama is an umbrella term for the various ways to use theatrical elements, outside of theaters, in educational settings. The basic conception is playing. It includes two meanings: gaming and acting. Generally, we stop playing when we grow up. Applied drama encourages us to play again. Playing promotes communications in verbal and physical. In acting like an acting person, we are to put ourselves in another person’s standpoint. Through acting a role, we may live her life and feel vividly his emotion but by imagination. Thus, applied drama has great potentiality to change the mode of discussion – or deliberation-based clinical ethics. As applied drama comprises various ways such as improvisation, forum theatre, and so on. We will explore their features and application in actual teaching settings. "
Promoting Responsible Research Practices by Training Researchers’ Virtues
Authors:   ", Inguaggiato Giulia ,   MPhil, UMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands E-mail: g.inguaggiato@amsterdamumc.nl ", Evans Nathalie ,   UMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Stolper Margreet ,   Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Molewijk Bert ,   Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Widdershoven Guy ,   Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Published: September 2021

"Promoting research integrity is crucial to achieve high quality and relevant results, and preserve public trust in science. In recent years, many codes of conducts, guidelines and regulations on national and international level, such as the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, have been issued to tackle this issue. However, these documents are often perceived as an externally imposed set of rules that researchers need to comply with in order to tick the box of integrity and get their research done. These research integrity efforts are important, but are they enough? We argue that in order to foster ‘good’ science, educating ‘good’ researchers is crucial. To respond to these issues, the VIRT2UE project has created an open source online training for researchers and educators that supports the internalization of the practices and principles of good science by building upon a virtue-based approach. Core elements of this approach are reflections on the intrinsic motivation of researchers and the cultivation of those moral characters which support the practices and principles of good science. The VIRT2UE training consists of a toolbox with training materials which can be used both online and offline, easy to use and adaptable to context. Starting from the assumption that virtues are learned through experience and by example, we will show what role trainers and educators can play in promoting a virtue-based approach to research integrity and what this implies for their own education and professionalization as trainers. "
Physician Approaches to Addressing Conflict Arising in End-of-Life Decision-Making in the Adult Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review
Authors:   ", Johal Harleen ,   PhD Student, University of Bristol, United Kingdom,   E-mail: harleen.johal@bristol.ac.uk "
Published: September 2021

"Background: Conflict is unfortunately well-documented in the adult intensive care unit (AICU). In the context of end-of-life (EOL) decision-making (i.e. the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining treatment), conflict commonly occurs when a consensus cannot be reached between the healthcare team and the patient’s family on the “best interests” of the critically ill, incapacitated patient, as per England’s Mental Capacity Act 2005. Whilst existing literature has identified potential routes for conflict resolution, it is less clear how these approaches are perceived and utilised by stakeholders in the EOL decision-making process. Aim: We aim to explore this by systematically reviewing and synthesising the published evidence, which addresses the following research question: what does existing qualitative research reveal about physician approaches to addressing conflict arising in EOL decisions in the AICU? Methods: Peer-reviewed qualitative studies (retrieved from MEDLINE, Project Muse, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL and LILACS) examining conflict and dispute resolution in the context of EOL decisions in the AICU setting will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen for eligibility and extract data from either all or 10% of the included studies, with a third reviewer independently screening studies of uncertain eligibility. The ‘thematic synthesis’ approach will be utilised to analyse the resulting data (Thomas & Harden, 2008). The systematic review is currently underway, laying the foundations for a larger empirical study, undertaken for a PhD, funded by the Wellcome Trust BABEL (Balancing Best Interests in Healthcare, Ethics, and Law) Collaborative Award. The results will be presented at the conference. "
Preclinical Lectures in Medical Formation: Professionalism, Ethics and Responsibility
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Login Cristian Cezar ,   E-mail: cezarlogin@gmail.com, Clichici Simona ,   Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: September 2021

"Future doctors are the result of the present-day medical education and they bear the professional and attitudinal imprint of their mentors and instructors. The academic interaction between students and professors represents a key element in the scientific and professional training of future health care providers. Preclinical disciplines represent the foundation of the medical training system, on which the student will develop and integrate clinical skills. Therefore, preclinical topics have to offer accurate and updated information, working paradigms, and approaches to the development of professional values and ethical attitudes. Taking as starting point the teaching experience of the authors, we focused on the analysis of the interaction between three key concepts – professionalism, ethics and responsibility – concerning both the instructor and the student. These interrelated concepts will be approached from the viewpoint of all participants, instructors and students, in the contemporary context of the enormous volume of ever-changing scientific information and of the easy access to it. In order to select accurate data needed today and equally oriented towards future, information should always be filtered. The instructor is responsible not only to provide students with scientific data but also to stimulate and to develop flexibility, openness and critical thinking, while respecting ethical values. Through the offered scientific content, approaches, professional values and ethical attitudes, instructors transmit to the students a model of integrity in profession, ethics and responsibility, which will have consequences on the way they will choose to practice health care and medical research professions. "
Moral or Ethical Experts? The Role of Bioethicists in a Democratic Society
Authors:   ", Łuków Paweł ,   Professor, University of Warsaw, Poland,   E-mail: p.w.lukow@uw.edu.pl "
Published: September 2021

"It is often believed that if bioethicists are to play the role of experts, the nature of their expertise must be explained and the authority of their advice justified. This presentation will be a moderate challenge to this view. It will be contended that the nature of bioethical expertise and the source of bioethicists’ authority depends on the kind of advice that is expected from them. If one expects a moral advice, i.e. a self-standing instruction about what to do in a given situation, it is indeed hardly possible to identify a moral expert in a rational way, and so to take their advice as authoritative. If, however, the counsel sought is to be an ethical advice, that is, a recommendation guided by a particular normative context, bioethicists can be sufficiently good experts and their instructions can enjoy a significant authority. Since bioethics is a field of research and social practice which developed in a democratic society, the bioethicist’s advice presupposes the normative framework of the values and ideals of democracy such as mutual recognition and respect, liberty and equality. Accordingly, although a bioethicist is not to be expected to be a moral expert (this role belongs, for example, to spiritual or religious leaders), she can be an ethical expert, who – on the ground of her knowledge of the values and ideals of a democratic society, ethical theory and, among other things, social theory and law – can offer a reliable advice which addresses a particular problem. The expert status of a bioethicist and the authority of her advice derives crucially from the values and ideals of a democratic society and her ethical knowledge, rather than from a moral insight into a realm of context-independent values. "
Systematic Evaluation of Two Years of Ethics Reflection Groups. Changes Over Time Regarding Employees’ Attitudes, User Involvement, Team Cooperation and the Handling of Disagreement
Authors:   ", Molewijk Bert ,   Prof., Centre for Medical Ethics, University of Oslo, Norway E-mail: bert.molewijk@medisin.uio.no ", Pedersen Reidar ,   Centre for Medical Ethics, University of Oslo, Norway, Kok Almar ,   Amsterdam UMC, VUmc, The Netherlands, Førde Reidun ,   Centre for Medical Ethics, University of Oslo, Norway, Aasland Olaf ,   Centre for Medical Ethics, University of Oslo, Norway
Published: September 2021

"Background: Ethics reflection groups (ERG) or moral case deliberations (MCD) are increasingly used in health care as a form of clinical ethics support (CES). ERGs are often evaluated with a focus on evaluating ERG itself yet not on the impact of or change due to ERGs. Within a larger study implementation and impact of ERG was studied with use of various qualitative and qualitative research methodologies. In this presentation we present findings of the quantitative research. Research question: Are there changes over time after two years of ERG regarding employees’ normative attitudes with respect to the use of coercion, user involvement during the use of coercion, team cooperation and the handling of disagreement? Research methods: Repeated cross-sectional survey at seven wards within three different Norwegian mental health care institutions (T0-T1-T2). Results: In total, 817 surveys were included in the analyses. Of these, only 7.6 % (N= 62) have responded at all three points in time, while 76.8 % (N= 628) responded only once. Over time, adjusted for ward and profession, respondents agreed less that coercion is a form of care or security. Furthermore, respondents thought they involved patients and their family significantly more often in situations of coercion and they reported that the constructive of disagreement within the team significantly improved. More frequent ERG participation seemed associated with a more critical attitude towards the use of coercion and higher scores for user involvement, team cooperation and the constructive handling of disagreement, yet differences between ERG participation were generally small in absolute terms. Conclusion: Structural participation in ERG seems to contribute to changes in attitudes, user involvement and team cooperation. Studying changes over time and trying to find a relationship between CES interventions and outcome is difficult yet important and need to be further developed in future CES evaluation research. "
Quality Assessment of Clinical Ethics Consultation. Reflection on the Applicability of the Ethics Consultation Quality Assessment Tool
Authors:   ", Nadolny Stephan ,   M.Sc., Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany,  E-mail: stephan.nadolny@medizin.uni-halle.de", Nowak Andre ,   Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, Heirich Nicolas ,   Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, Schildmann Jan ,   Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
Published: September 2021

"Background. Clinical ethics consultation has been implemented in many health care institutions. Different methods exist for their evaluation. In this paper we present findings from an evaluation of 21 documentation conducted 2019-2020 by means of the Ethics Consultation Quality Assessment Tool (ECQAT). The applicability of the instrument was analyzed based on a) duration of use, b) ease of use, c) comprehensibility of the items. Results. On average, the analysis with the ECQAT takes 11 minutes per protocol. The greatest difficulties in applying the ECQAT arise a) in assessing the counselling-related information and b) in assessing the ethical analysis as well as the recommendations. Here, different demands on the level of detail of the information may lead to different assessments. Furthermore, the transitions of the ethical analysis and the recommendations, which are relevant for the assessment, could not be delimited exactly in parts of the protocols. Discussion. The assessment of documentation represents a limited part of the quality of ethics consultation. In particular, the quality dimensions of the EQAT do not map communicative elements of process quality, which are essential components (if not the core) of ethics consultations. Moreover, the assessment is strongly depending on the format of the protocols, which, depending on the institution, range from a brief overview of the results to a detailed account. Even in light of aforementioned limitations the ECQAT provides an incentive to improve the process quality of (documented) ethics consultation. "
Ethical Considerations In ICU Preparations For Viral Epidemics
Authors:   Associate Professor, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Petrișor Cristina ,   E-mail: petrisor.cristina@umfcluj.ro, Tranca Sebastian ,   Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: September 2021

"Intensive Care Units (ICUs) admit patients with the most severe forms of the diseases, viral ARDS included. Since the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak, ICU preparations and triage have been recommended. The novel COVID-19 clinical picture resembles influenza in terms of organ dysfunction which may start with hypoxemic breathing insufficiency and ultimately, a possibility of evolution towards multiple organ failure. Its current clinical picture is not new for intensivists. However, there are several important differences as far as we know now: there is overall human susceptibility to become infected and nobody can be specifically protected by vaccination. This fact led to large numbers of infected people all over the world, overwhelming medical systems. Almost 10% of COVID-19 infections would be qualified for ICU admittance and ventilatory support. The main ethical issues in ICUs, in time of viral epidemics are: lack of free ICU beds, free ventilator machines, pressures on providing aggressive treatments for people with low chances of survival, dealing with terminally ill patients, high degrees of burnout in the medical team, reporting errors and inadequate behavior of other medical staff, lack of adequate protective equipment, as well as lack of administrative support. All these facts lead to moral distress and high burnout incidences. Administrative preparations, prioritization and triage are important aspects to consider. In conclusion, we all see that the modern world is not prepared enough to face such challenges and from these situations we, all (health care professionals, providers, population and authorities) should learn important personal and professional lessons. "
"Ethical Issues in the Romanian Pharmaceutical System in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic"
Authors:   Associate Professor, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Rus Lucia Maria ,   E-mail: lucia.rus@umfcluj.ro, Hegheș Simona Codruța ,   “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Cacovean Adela ,   County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Târgu-Mureș, Romania, Hui Ligia Ancuța ,   Municipal Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Uifălean Alina ,   “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Iuga Cristina Adela ,   “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: September 2021

"COVID-19 infection is a disease caused by the new type Coronaviruses family strain, SARS-CoV-2. It was first identified in China’s Wuhan City in December 2019. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared the public health emergency with COVID-19 a pandemic. As in the other affected countries, Romania’s health care professionals are on the front line. Among them, community pharmacy and clinical pharmacy teams are facing special ethical situations related to issues as: the provision of protective equipment, sudden medicines price rises, a general increased need in pharmaceutical services of the population concerned about COVID-19, a possible shortage of drugs due to the cessation of their import, ensuring on-going provision of pharmaceutical services in the case of significant volumes of staff absences. Also, as our country goes through the four scenarios of fighting the new coronavirus based on number of declared positive patients, complex ethical issues could appear for the pharmacist. Thus, significant ethical problems can arise due to the conflict between the duty of care that the pharmacist has assumed by saying and taking the Hippocrates oath and the high exposure of infection that she/he and implicitly those close to her/him have in this situation. Critical situation that may occur in the last two scenarios could raise serious ethical problems related to the violation of fundamental rights for health care professionals and implicitly for pharmacists. The objective of this work is to assess the ethical issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Romanian pharmaceutical system. "
Effect of thermodilution injectate volume and temperature on the accuracy and precision of cardiac output measurements for healthy anesthetized horses
Authors: Jenny Jesse C. A. , Hopster Klaus , Hurcombe Samuel D.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

To compare the accuracy and precision of cardiac output (CO) measurements derived from 4 thermodilution protocols that used different injectate temperatures and volumes in healthy adult horses.

ANIMALS

8 healthy adult horses.

PROCEDURES

Horses were anesthetized and instrumented with Swan-Ganz catheters. The CO was derived from each of 4 thermodilution protocols (IV injection of physiologic saline [0.9% NaCl] solution chilled to < 5 °C at volumes of 1 mL/15 kg of body weight [protocol A; control], 1 mL/25 kg [protocol B], and 1 mL/35 kg [protocol C] or maintained at 17 °C at a volume of 1 mL/15 kg [protocol D]) 3 times during each of 5 measurement cycles, with a 30-minute interval between cycles. During each measurement cycle, protocol A was performed first, and protocols B, C, and D were performed in a randomized order. Mean CO and within-subject variance in CO were compared among the 4 protocols.

RESULTS

Mean CO did not differ significantly among the 4 protocols. The within-subject variance for CO measurements derived from protocols C and D, but not protocol B, was significantly greater than that for protocol A (control).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that, in healthy adult horses, decreasing the thermodilution injectate volume to 1 mL/25 kg from the recommended volume of 1 mL/15 kg did not adversely affect the accuracy or precision of CO measurements. However, use of smaller injectate volumes or use of injectate at approximately room temperature is not recommended owing to a clinically unacceptable increase in CO measurement variability.
Galong dan Pathet Manyura dalam Pedalangan Ngayogyakarta: sebuah Perbandingan “Rasa”
Authors: Wahyudi Aris -
Published: September 2021

Galong is a unique and interesting phenomenon in the world of paddling. His capacity as a pathet is still a debate today. Some groups say that Galong is its own pathet, while others say Galong is part of the Manyura pathet. The debate arose because his presence in the puppet show was in Manyura's pathet, but he had a distinctive and relatively prominent five tone. As a result, Galong has a different musical feel to Manyura's pathet. On the other hand, tone five is the dominant tone in sanga pathet and becomes a abstinence in Pathet Manyura.            Based on the pathet philosophy, I assume that the pathet in pedalangan and karawitan is only divided from three, namely Nem, Sanga, and Manyura. Therefore Galong capacity needs to be reviewed in relation to puppet shows. To that, the question is: 1) how does Playon Galong "rasa"? 2) What is the function of galong in ngayogyakarta pakeliran tradition?Analysis using martapangrawit's "padhang-ulihan" perspective and functionalism came to the conclusion that Galong belonged to the Manyura pathet. Five tones as thin tones are presented as "pancer" or padhang to give reinforcement to ulihan tones. Thus, the taste is more sereng than the taste produced by Playon Manyura which has padhang-ulihan tone is just as strong. Or in other words, that Galong's function is as a transition to the climax or manyura sampak in a puppet show.
Procedural Justice Concerns and Technologically Mediated Interactions with Legal Authorities
Authors: Saulnier Alana , Sivasubramaniam Diane
Published: September 2021

The use of surveillance technologies by legal authorities has intensified in recent years. As new data collection technologies expand into law enforcement spaces previously dominated by interpersonal interactions, questions emerge about whether the public will evaluate interpersonal and technologically mediated interactions with legal authorities in the same ways. In an analysis guided by procedural justice theory, we examine whether and how legal authorities’ use of decision-making technology affects public evaluations of an authority-subordinate interaction and its outcome in the context of airport border crossings. Using an experimental vignette design (N = 278), we varied whether an encounter between a traveller and border security “agent” that produced a secondary search was described as interpersonal (conducted by a human agent) or technologically mediated (conducted by a machine agent). We also varied the traveller’s group membership relative to the nation-state, describing the traveller as either born in the country in question and a member of the nation’s most common racial group (in-group) or not born in the country and a racial minority (out-group). Both encounter type and group membership independently affected perceptions of the interaction (procedural justice judgements) and its outcome (distributive justice judgments). Technologically mediated encounters improved perceptions of procedural and distributive justice. Further, procedural justice judgments mediated the relationship between encounter type and distributive justice, demonstrating how perceptions of interactions influence perceptions of the outcomes of those interactions. Out-group members were evaluated as having worse experiences across all measures. The findings underscore the importance of extending tests of procedural justice theory beyond interpersonal interactions to technologically mediated interactions.
СУЧАСНІ НІМЕЦЬКІ СЛОГАНИ Й СЕНТЕНЦІЇ ТА ЇХ СИНТАКСИЧНА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ
Authors: МАМЕДОВА Алла
Published: September 2021

У статті йдеться про синтаксичну організацію німецьких слоганів та сентенцій. Загальна тенденція гуманітарної парадигми знання до соціокультурного вивчення мовленнєвої діяльності, а також підвищений інтерес до мовного картинування світу, специфіки національних характерів і ціннісних орієнтирів етносу визначають актуальність зазначеної проблеми. Мовні моделі текстів слоганів та сентенцій репрезентують певні можливості композиційно-синтаксичної подачі інформації. Аналіз фактичного матеріалу дає підстави стверджувати, що його організовано або як міні-текст, або як окремі речення. Тексти, які складаються тільки з одного речення, демонстру- ють найменшу частотність. Якісний аналіз фактичного матеріалу засвідчує широке вживання складних синтаксичних одиниць – складносурядних (пара- таксис) і складнопідрядних (гіпотаксис) речень, а також надфразових єдно- стей. Простота слоганів та сентенцій зумовлена лаконічністю викладу, що, своєю чергою, передбачає особливі синтаксичні засоби вираження, до яких і належать прості речення. Вони в німецьких слоганах здебільшого являють собою поширені та непоширені конструкції. Поширеність декларується за допомогою імперативу, прямої мови, інфінітивних зворотів. Гіпотаксис пред- ставлено доволі широким спектром складнопідрядних речень: атрибутивними, темпоральними, додатковими, причини, умовними. Атрибутивним реченням у текстах слоганів і сентенцій притаманні простота, ясність, лаконічність, образність і барвистість опису ситуацій. Вони виконують функцію поширеної референції. Завдяки цим реченням нечисельним компонентним складом переда- ють великий обсяг інформації. Додаткові речення слугують для концентрації інформації та розширення предикативного змісту. Під час представлення дея- ких тем використовують цілий комплекс речень і утворюють при цьому над- фразову єдність, пояснювану складністю, багатогранністю описуваних явищ.
ПРОБЛЕМА ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ЕМІГРАНТІВ У РЕПОРТАЖАХ ЕВИ ВІННИЦЬКОЇ «ANGOLE»
Authors: ПУЗДРАК Лідія
Published: September 2021

У статті крізь призму літературознавства проаналізовано репортажі Еви Вінницької «Angole», опубліковані 2014 р. Основну увагу при- ділено проблемі інтеграції польських емігрантів у Великій Британії. Також у статті частково заторкнуто проблему пошуку емігрантської ідентичності, з якою змушене зіткнутися покоління емігрантів, котре виїхало з Польщі після вступу держави до Європейського Союзу. Авторка у репортажах робить спробу представити емігранта як чужого, нетутешнього, який прагне увірватися у незнайомий, чужий йому світ. У статті видається доцільним проаналізувати проблеми, з якими стикається емігрант, задля швидкої адап- тації та інтеграції в країні поселення. У дослідженні розглянуто теоретичні аспекти поняття «інтеграція», тематичні межі міграційної літератури, на основі літературознавчого аналізу описано процеси інтеграції молодих поль- ських емігрантів у Великобританії, що, безумовно, впливає на формування почуття національної ідентичності. На основі інтерв’ю Ева Вінницька описує різні історії польських емігрантів, які проживають у Великобританії. Після виїзду за кордон усі герої змушені змінювати свою професію, спосіб мислення, спосіб життя, стиль поведінки, а отже, трансформувати власну ідентич- ність. Оповідачі в аналізованих репортажах – пригноблені емігранти, котрі за основну ціль життя вибирають завоювання нової країни задля того, щоб стати «колонізатором» Західної Європи. Доведено також, що почуття іден- тичності у емігрантів тісно пов’язане з процесами інтеграції та адаптації, котрі мають за підґрунтя щоденний вибір шляхів розпізнавання важливих для емігранта цінностей. Шукати, приховувати, трансформувати, пристосову- ватися, тобто створювати концепцію нового життя – це складники побу- дови нової, іншої ідентичності емігранта. Нова соціальна роль (яка може бути вимушеною, необхідною чи добровільно здійсненою) поступово веде емігранта до переорієнтації способу життя, до омріяного відчуття – бути своїм серед чужих.
Perfectionism and endorsement constraint
Authors: Sladeshek Michal
Published: September 2021

The article deals with Hurka's critique of Kymlicka and Arneson's critique of Dworkin on endorsement constraint thesis, according to which a person cannot have a valuable life if values are imposed on her - primarily by state action - overriding her preferences and convictions on the good life. This thesis has often been identified with neutral liberalism andcounterposed to perfectionism. The text argues against Hurka's and Arneson's argument that mild coercion and paternalistic reduction of trivial, bad or worthless options can indeed bring about a more valuable life. Their argument does not acknowledge adequately the difference between coercion from a person's immediate social environment and state coercion, which are not equally legitimate. My critique, however, does not exclude the legitimacy of perfectionistic measures, as a person could accept as justified state intervention concerning the support of particular values or goods, while at the same time not endorsing those values and goods. Not all endorsed goods or activities should be treated equally, as more relevant and valuable ones can be legitimately supported by particular policy. Sladeshek Michal. Perfectionism and Endorsement Constraint // Philosophy and Society. 2021. №32 (1): 89–104.
Recipe for an Ideal Language: Proezia as a stylistic concept in Sasha Sokolov's "Triptych"
Authors: Varenova Diana
Published: September 2021

The article considers the book of Sasha Sokolov "Triptych", which reflects his views on the language system. The author explores the term "proezia", formulated by the writer, and analyzes the origins of "proetic" stylistics using the example of the work of Gongora, Simeon Polotsky, N.V. Gogol, I.S. Turgenev, V.V. Nabokov. The results reflect an attempt to establish an analytical order in the lyrical nature of the Sokolov's prose.
All-Russian identity: regional aspect of formation
Authors: Gritsenko Galina
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the problems of the formation of the all-Russian identity of the inhabitants of the North Caucasus. On the basis of an expert survey, the most significant structures and actors of its formation were identified: federal authorities, the media, educational and cultural institutions, public organizations. In the course of the analysis of the research results, it was found that in modern conditions, patriotism becomes the basis for strengthening the all-Russian identity.
Why Nigeria Must Strengthen its Local Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Capacity
Authors: Okereke Melody , Adekunbi Adebowale , Ghazali Yusuf
Published: September 2021

With over 115 registered pharmaceutical manufacturers, Nigeria still depends on other countries for the supply of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients. Significant attention has not been paid to the local production of raw materials, pharmaceutical dosage formulations, or processing equipment, which has resulted in a decline in the country's pharmaceutical manufacturing capacity. Owing to the overall importance of the pharmaceutical industry, it is, therefore, essential to pay close attention to developmental issues affecting this sector. In this commentary, we explore why Nigeria must boost its local pharmaceutical manufacturing capacity.
Self-Medication in Africa during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zainab Ismail  , Anmol Mohan  , Christophe Ngendahayo  , Abdullahi Tunde Aborode  , Abid Arooj , Ana Carla dos Santos Costa  , Shoaib Ahmad  , Essar Mohammad Yasir
Published: September 2021

Self-medication is known as “the usage of drugs, herbs or home remedies on one’s own initiative, or on the advice of another person, without consulting a doctor’. In Africa, self-medication has reached a critical stage, with people using and taking any drug regardless of how poisonous the material may be as long as unprofessional suggestions advocate it as a solution to their health problem. In this article, we looked at the consequences, effects, and recommendations for reducing the use of self-medication as a habit among Africans.
KAJIAN YURIDIS TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 24 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG BADAN PENYELENGGARAN JAMINAN SOSIAL
Authors: Sutrisni Sutrisni
Published: September 2021

Pelaksanaan program Jamkesmas tahun 2012 dilaksanakan dengan beberapa penyempurnaan pada aspek kepesertaan, pelayanan, pendanaan dan pengorganisasian. Pada aspek kepesertaan, data yang akan digunakan bersumber dari basis data terpadu Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan yang selanjutnya disebut TNP2K yang berlaku setelah peserta menerima kartu Jamkesmas yang baru. Sementara peserta non kartu meliputi gelandangan, pengemis, anak dan orang terlantar, masyarakat miskin penghuni panti-panti sosial, masyarakat miskin penghuni Lembaga Pemasyarakatan/ Rumah Tahanan. Untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat khususnya di Kabupaten Sumenep dan sekitarnya, menjalankan pengelolaan rumah sakit, klinik, poliklinik dan balai kesehatan beserta segala sarana dan prasarana pendukung kegiatan serta lingkup usaha yang terkait, menyelenggarakan pelayanan, penyelenggaraan, penyuluhan, konsultasi dan pemeliharaan  kesehatan masyarakat, menyelenggarakan usaha jasa pelayanan kesehatan yang meliputi pelayanan kesehatan pendidikan dan pelatihan kesehatan, pelayanan jasa konsultan manajemen kesehatan, perdagangan farmasi dan peralatan kesehatan, pelayanan asuransi kesehatan, pelayanan gizi masyarakat, pelayanan kebugaran kesehatan, pelayanan jasa jaminan pemeliharaan kesehatan masyarakat.
REKONSTRUKSI HUKUM PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA BERBASIS HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Zeinudin Moh. , Ariyanto Oos
Published: September 2021

Tidak seperti perkawinan campuran beda kewarganegaraan, perkawinan beda agama ternyata masih belum diatur secara jelas dan tegas dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. Kondisi pengaturan yang demikian, berpotensi melanjutkan perdebatan panjang tak pernah usai sepanjang dinamika politik hukum perkawinan di Indonesia. Bahkan hingga saat ini, berbagai hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkawinan beda agama masih terjadi dalam berbagai bentuk praktiknya di Indonesia dengan memanfaatkan celah-celah hukum dan banyaknya interpretasi tentang boleh tidaknya perkawinan beda agama. Atikel ini ditulis dalam rangka mengkaji persoalan perkawinan beda agama yang berbasis nilai-nilai Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) yang menjamin kepastian hukum, yaitu terpenuhinya hak moral dan hak legal yang menjunjung tinggi martabat kemanusiaan berdasarkan Pancasila dan Konstitusi Negara Indonesia.
CONFLICT INTEREST YANG DISEBABKAN MORAL HAZARD DALAM PERUMUSAN KEBIJAKAN MORATORIUM PAILIT DAN PKPU
Authors: Hastri Evi Dwi , Rusfandi Rusfandi
Published: September 2021

Konsep moral hazard dikonotasikan sebagai perilaku ketidakjujuran seseorang yang dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya kerugian. Kerugian yang dimaksud adalah tidak mampu melakukan kewajiban pembayaran utang terhadap beberapa kreditor yang telah cukup waktu untuk dibayarkan. Perilaku moral hazard ini dapat dijadikan sebagai modus untuk menyelesaiakan permasalahan utang terutama ditengah pandemi Covid-19. Masalah moral hazard merupakan bentuk penyimpangan. Sehingga dari kondisi yuridis inilah dapat diketemukan suatu permasalahan lain yakni ketika model atau cara moral hazard dalam konflik kepentingan (Conflict Interest) dijadikan sebagai modus untuk memanfaatkan adanya perumusan kebijakan moratorium pailit dan PKPU berdasarkan Undang – Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan Dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. Metode penelitian hukum yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang – undangan (Statute Approach). Metode pengumpulan dan pengolahan bahan hukum menggunakan Library Research. Analisis bahan hukum yang dipergunakan yaitu deskriptif analitis. Perumusan kebijakan moraturium pailit dan PKPU bukan merupakan hal yang urgen untuk diberlakukan dalam bentuk Perppu. Apabila kebijakan ini diberlakukan maka secara yuridis otoritas legal untuk permohonan pengajuan pailit dan permohonan PKPU berada di tangan Pemerintah. Berdasarkan konsep Law As Tool Of Social Control, maka sudah sejatinya produk hukum yang dilahirkan tidak hanya ditujukan untuk keuntungan pihak yang berkepentingan. Melaikan dapat dijadikan anomali berperilaku yang tidak menyebabkan kerugian pihak lain.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN DAN PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PRAKTIK BULLYING DI LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH
Authors: Anita Anita , Triasavira Meidy
Published: September 2021

Banyaknya kasus kekerasan terhadap anak yang terjadi akhir-akhir ini semakin miris dan memprihatinkan. Bullying atau perundungan merupakan suatu fenomena yang sudah tidak asing di Indonesia begitu juga di luar negeri. Pihak yang terlibat biasanya merupakan anak usia sekolah, dan pada saat ini praktik bullying atau perundungan masih marak terjadi di lingkungan sekolah dasar hingga tingkat atas, bahkan praktik bullying juga masih terjadi di kalangan universitas meskipun dalam jumlah yang relatif kecil. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap korban dan pelaku tindak pidana praktik bullying di lingkungan sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Anak.
Protocolo de Atuação Rápida da Dor Torácica Aguda: Experiência Obtida num Hospital do Alentejo
Authors: Lima Joana C. F. , Aguiar João Pedro , Paixão-Ferreira Margarida , Calixto Rita , Cesário Vera , Alves da Costa Filipa , Vaz José
Published: September 2021

Introdução: Com vista à redução da mortalidade associada ao enfarte agudo do miocárdio (EAM), foi implementada a nível nacional, em 2007, a Via Verde Coronária (VVC). Existem poucos estudos sobre o desempenho destes protocolos a nível intra-hospitalar e, por isso, pretende-se caracterizar os principais diagnósticos dos doentes incluídos na VVC e avaliar a proporção de casos de EAM.

Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospetivo no serviço de urgência de um hospital do Alentejo (06/2017-05/2018). Foram incluídos doentes com ≥ 18 anos e que apresentassem sintomas sugestivos de EAM. Os principais diagnósticos foram retirados dos processos clínicos e calculou-se a proporção de casos admitidos com EAM. Realizou- se análise estatística uni e bi-variada (IBM SPSS v.27.0).

Resultados: Foram incluídos 338 doentes: 56,5% (n = 191) eram homens e a idade média foi 63,9 ± 15,1 {19;96} anos. A maioria dos diagnósticos estabelecidos classificaram- -se como enquadrados no sistema circulatório (61,2%, n = 207). A proporção do EAM foi de 27,2% (n = 92/338). Foram observados significativamente mais fatores de risco cardiovascular nos doentes com EAM, comparativamente aos doentes sem EAM (2,83 ± 1,54 vs 2,06 ± 1,49 fatores de risco/doente, respetivamente; p < 0,001) e em doentes com EAM sem elevação do segmento ST e EAM com elevação do segmento ST (3,25±1,36 vs 1,81 ± 1,50 fatores de risco/doente, respetivamente; p < 0,001). Os doentes com diagnóstico de EAM registaram um tempo de dor significativamente inferior aos doentes sem EAM (6,24 ± 9,08 vs 10,53 ± 18,23 horas de dor, respetivamente; p = 0,032).

Conclusão: A maioria dos diagnósticos nos doentes da VVC foi do sistema circulatório e cerca de um quarto apresentaram EAM.
Analyzing To Live through the Mediums of Literature and Film: Two Vastly Contrasting Presentations of Twentieth Century China’s Radical History
Authors: Doll Abbie
Published: September 2021

This essay examines the acceptance and public interpretation of modern China’s rather turbulent past in light of Yu Hua’s novel To Live and Zhang Yimou’s film adaptation. It explores how fictionalized traumatic experiences have the ability to ultimately and effectively communicate social truth. Other aspects examined are the utilization of death as an effective political critique, the overall significance of and interpretive variances caused by the urban-rural divide in Chinese society, and also the particular molding of citizens’ lives that occurs due to either Mao’s overbearing presence or the conspicuous lack thereof. Types of sources referred to and used throughout the analysis include other significant interpretations of the text and film, recent studies that reveal new perspectives on relatively unexplored territory in China’s past such as the Great Leap Forward and its famine, and other articles that strictly examine Yu Hua’s writing style and his treatment of trauma throughout his literature.
Underestimating Women in the Early Modern Atlantic World
Authors: Bauman Lindsey
Published: September 2021

This essay examines the limiting gender roles of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as depicted through the detailed account of Catalina de Erauso, a Spanish woman who ran away from a convent. Disguising herself as a man, Catalina eventually journeyed to Chile, joined the militia, and took part in fighting against the native peoples of the region. Noted as being an exemplary warrior in the midst of battle, she was not detected as a woman until she exposed herself. By taking historical context into account, this essay argues that patriarchal society’s view of women is what enabled Catalina to impersonate a man so successfully. As women were stereotyped as characteristically similar and, therefore, interchangeable, they were underestimated and overlooked in these roles.
ФІНАНСОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Tkachenko Nataliia , Miedviedkova Nataliia
Published: September 2021

The features of financial support of the labor potential were explored; the relationship between the concepts of “labor resources”, “human capital” and “labor potential” was analyzed. The attention is focused on the competitiveness of labor potential, which is presented in the coordinate system “subjects of labor relations and competitiveness”. The revenue-generation systemfor the economically active population was schematically shown and the current state of the labor potential of Ukraine, taking into account the indicators of the economically active population, was analyzed. It was substantiated that there is a significant part of the salary arrears at economically active enterprises of Ukraine that does not allow a positive characterization of the state of ensuring the financial obligations of employers to employees. On this basis, recommendations for managing salary arrears as the main component of financial support for the development of labor potential were formulated.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА ОСНОВІ СТРАТЕГІЇ CYBER SITUATION AWARENESS
Authors: Nekhai Valentyn , Nekhai Valentyn
Published: September 2021

The article considers the development of a model of information and analytical support for the operational management of agricultural enterprises. The main factors that impede the automation of the operational management of agricultural enterprises are identified: many specific management objects – types of crop and livestock products, an infinite number of possible situations that are characterized by unpredictability and non-determinism. It is noted that the essence of the concept of information support for the management of agricultural enterprises should be formed in accordance with the applied methods and methods of aggregating information, methods for constructing indicators and their analytical interpretation of the location in the management system, taking into account the priority and the totality of factors affecting the success of the implementation of the management decision. The new operational management paradigm can be represented as situational awareness of the internal state and the environment and an adequate response to the level of identified threat. Obviously, the use of the Cyber Situation Awareness concept is possible in the operational management of agricultural enterprises and ensuring the quality of information on the basis of which management decisions are made.
Campanha de doação de sangue realizada por discentes de biomedicina: um relato de experiência
Authors: Silva João Batista Chaves , Ribeiro Kevellen Bezerra , Lisboa Larissy Christine Menezes , Leitão Kássia Helena Silva , Silva Victória Kamilly Lima da , Colares Tulio Vulcão , Omura Lucas Yukio Emin , Frade Paula Cristina Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência vivenciada por discentes do curso de biomedicina no planejamento e na execução de uma campanha de doação de sangue. Relato de experiência: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo a respeito da vivência dos alunos sobre o desenvolvimento da campanha de doação de sangue “Vem ser doador” realizada entre janeiro e março de 2021. O objetivo foi aumentar o número de doadores, por meio da realização de uma campanha educativa para conscientizar a população a respeito da doação de sangue. Para isso, os alunos produziram materiais educativos e divulgaram nas redes sociais.  Esses materiais continham uma breve explicação sobre a importância da doação de sangue e a segurança do processo. A doação de sangue coletiva ocorreu no dia 20 de fevereiro de 2021 em um hemocentro, localizado no Estado do Pará, norte do Brasil. Considerações finais: A campanha contribuiu de forma significativa no aumento quantitativo de doações de sangue e na formação profissional dos discentes ao possibilitar a articulação do conhecimento e a integração ensino-comunidade.
The Impasse of International Law on Climate-Induced Migration: Recent Developments and the United Nation’s January 2020 Decision on Climate Refugees
Authors: Güneş Burak , Çelenk Bengü
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to lay out the challenges and potentially fatal conflicts inherent in the emerging attempts to respect state sovereignty while crafting progressive and truly responsive sets of approaches to a sui generis global problem like the climate crisis. It examines general approaches and practices on climate refugees within the scope of a critical legal framework, taking as an example the ‘Ioane Teitiota’ case that attracted public attention as an international issue starting in 2013. In addition, we will examine from a legal viewpoint and with an eye to future consequences, the January 2020 United Nations’ historical decision on climate refugees. We adopt Martti Koskennimi’s terms, ascending and descending justifications, to show the oscillation that the legal mind experiences in between order and will. In this paper, we will claim that the legal mind fights a battle that eventually ends up with a deadlock due to the very structure of modern law.