bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Protoplast Production Protocol for Fungal Transformations Mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 in Botrytis cinerea Non-Sporulating Isolates
Authors: Coca-Ruiz Víctor , Cabrera-Gómez Nuria , Collado Isidro G. , Aleu Josefina
Published: June 2024

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that causes considerable economic losses in commercial crops. Fungi of the genus Botrytis exhibit great morphological and genetic variability, ranging from non-sporogenic and non-infective isolates to highly virulent sporogenic ones. There is growing interest in the different isolates in terms of their methodological applications aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the biology of these fungal species for more efficient control of the infections they cause. This article describes an improvement in the protoplast production protocol from non-sporogenic isolates, resulting in viable protoplasts with regenerating capacity. The method improvements consist of a two-day incubation period with mycelium plugs and orbital shaking. Special mention is made of our preference for the VinoTaste Pro enzyme in the KC buffer as a replacement for Glucanex, as it enhances the efficacy of protoplast isolation in B459 and B371 isolates. The methodology described here has proven to be very useful for biotechnological applications such as genetic transformations mediated by the CRISPR/Cas9 tool.
Geographic and Climatic Variation in Resin Components and Quality of Pinus oocarpa in Southern Mexico Provenances
Authors: Velasco-García Mario Valerio , Hernández-Hernández Adán
Published: June 2024

In Mexico, there is a deficit in the production of pine resin, because it relies on natural forests only. Therefore, it is necessary to select provenances and phenotypes of potential species such as P. oocarpa. The objective was to determine the difference between provenances and the variation in resin components and quality, as well as the effect of geographic and climatic factors. Resin from five provenances was collected from southern Mexico. The percentage of rosin, turpentine and water was obtained, as well as the acidity and saponification index. P. oocarpa resin had 80.94% rosin, 7.7% turpentine and 11.49% water. The saponification and acidity index was 125.47 and 117.49 mg KOH.g−1, respectively. All variables showed differences (p ≤ 0.0001) between provenances. The provenance contributed between 6.44 and 11.71% to the total variance, the error contributed between 88.29 and 93.56%. Geographic and climatic variables only had an effect on the percentage of turpentine; the correlation was negative with altitude and longitude, but positive with temperature and precipitation. The results allow defining seed collection sites for resin plantations and orienting the selection for a P. oocarpa improvement program.
Developing the Additive Systems of Stand Basal Area Model for Broad-Leaved Mixed Forests
Authors: Zeng Xijuan , Wang Dongzhi , Zhang Dongyan , Lu Wei , Li Yongning , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2024

Stand basal area (SBA) is an important variable in the prediction of forest growth and harvest yield. However, achieving the additivity of SBA models for multiple tree species in the complex structure of broad-leaved mixed forests is an urgent scientific issue in the study of accurately predicting the SBA of mixed forests. This study used data from 58 sample plots (30 m × 30 m) for Populus davidiana × Betula platyphylla broad-leaved mixed forests to construct the SBA basic model based on nonlinear least squares regression (NLS). Adjustment in proportion (AP) and nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (NSUR) were used to construct a multi-species additive basal area prediction model. The results identified the Richards model (M6) and Korf model (M1) as optimal for predicting the SBA of P. davidiana and B. platyphylla, respectively. The SBA models incorporate site quality, stand density index, and age at 1.3 m above ground level, which improves the prediction accuracy of basal area. Compared to AP, NSUR is an effective method for addressing the additivity of basal area in multi-species mixed forests. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for optimizing stand structure and accurately predicting SBA in multi-species mixed forests.
Optimization Design of Deep-Coalbed Methane Deliquification in the Linxing Block, China
Authors: Zhang Bing , Jiang Wenbo , Zhang Haifeng , An Yongsheng
Published: June 2024

The production of deep-coalbed methane (CBM) wells undergoes four stages sequentially: drainage depressurization, unstable gas production, stable gas production, and gas production decline. Upon entering the stable production stage, the recovery rate of deep CBM wells is constrained by bottom hole flowing pressure (BHFP). Reducing BHFP can further optimize CBM productivity, significantly increasing the production and recovery rate of CBM wells. This paper optimizes the deliquification process for deep CBM in the Linxing Block. By analyzing the production of deep CBM wells, an improved sucker rod pump deliquification process is proposed, and a method considering the flow in the tubing, annulus, and reservoir is established. Using the production data of Well GK-25D in the Linxing CBM field as an example, an optimized design of the improved rod pump deliquification process was undertaken, with design parameters including the depth of the sucker rod pump, the stroke length, and stroke rate. The results show that the improved process significantly lowers the pressure at the coalbed, enhancing CBM well production by 12.24%. The improved sucker rod pump process enriches deliquification technology for deep CBM, offering a new approach for its development and helping to maximize CBM well productivity.
Mean-Reverting Statistical Arbitrage Strategies in Crude Oil Markets
Authors: Fanelli Viviana
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we introduce the concept of statistical arbitrage through the definition of a mean-reverting trading strategy that captures persistent anomalies in long-run relationships among assets. We model the statistical arbitrage proceeding in three steps: (1) to identify mispricings in the chosen market, (2) to test mean-reverting statistical arbitrage, and (3) to develop statistical arbitrage trading strategies. We empirically investigate the existence of statistical arbitrage opportunities in crude oil markets. In particular, we focus on long-term pricing relationships between the West Texas Intermediate crude oil futures and a so-called statistical portfolio, composed by other two crude oils, Brent and Dubai. Firstly, the cointegration regression is used to track the persistent pricing equilibrium between the West Texas Intermediate crude oil price and the statistical portfolio value, and to identify mispricings between the two. Secondly, we verify that mispricing dynamics revert back to equilibrium with a predictable behaviour, and we exploit this stylized fact by applying the trading rules commonly used in equity markets to the crude oil market. The trading performance is then measured by three specific profit indicators on out-of-sample data.
Conducting Research with Unaccompanied Refugee Minors within an Institutional Context: Challenges and Insights
Authors: Santinho Cristina , Krysanova Olga
Published: June 2024

The main goal of this paper is to explore the difficulties the refugee minors face in the process of seeking inclusion in Portugal. The project conducting this research takes place in a shelter for refugee minors in Portugal, and its inhabitants are the main focus of the analysis. The research is guided by Applied Anthropology which means that, in methodological terms, we use active listening, participant observation, and artistic workshops in drawing and photography in order to get to know them better and establish a closer relationship with the minors. Our interlocutors are refugee minors, boys and girls, aged between 15 and 18, who have been institutionalized by an NGOD responsible for hosting them in Portugal while they await their residence permit. These minors are characterized by a diversity of nationalities, socio-cultural and ethnolinguistic references and different life projects. The artistic focus (drawing and photography) is explored as a non-invasive methodology, a tool that best helps to express emotions, perceptions and desires in a creative and uncompromising way. We chose to focus our analysis not on the traumatic past, as is usually the case when it comes to refugees, but on the future. In other words: we invite these minors to think about their future, what they want for themselves in Portugal and the European Union. As we discuss our difficulties of conducting fieldwork in the institutionalized context, we conclude the article with the idea that working with refugee minors in that environment should not be an end in and of itself, but rather an opportunity to do more profound research. This investigation should continue, preferably outside the institutional gates, on a more personalized basis. As a practical goal, we also propose the idea of organizing an exhibition with the results of the workshops to facilitate the two-way process of inclusion.
Methodological Challenges: From the First to the Second Wave of the World Love Index
Authors: Cataldi Silvia , Floridi Federica , Palmieri Marco
Published: June 2024

This article is methodological in nature, addressing and discussing the challenges the research team encountered in constructing a new international well-being index called the World Love Index. This index represents the first quantitative operationalization of the concept of Social Love, which seeks to capture actions or social relationships characterized by excess and care for the benefit of individuals outside the primary circle, loved for their irreducibility. Starting with a discussion of the project’s objective rooted in the Beyond GDP debate, the article first analyzes the theoretical definition of Social Love and its semantic dimensions for operationalization. It then focuses on the methodological construction of the index through secondary data analysis, particularly examining the transition from the first wave to the second wave. Through the first wave of the WLI, this concept was systematically investigated on a transnational level. However, the first wave faced criticism for its weaknesses due to decisions made during the index’s construction. This paper, from a purely methodological perspective, demonstrates how the second wave of the WLI aims to address these challenges and turn them into strengths.
Surveying the Onset and Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes at High-z with AXIS
Authors: Cappelluti Nico , Foord Adi , Marchesi Stefano , Pacucci Fabio , Ricarte Angelo , Habouzit Melanie , Vito Fabio , Powell Meredith , Koss Michael , Mushotzky Richard
Published: June 2024

The nature and origin of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) remain an open matter of debate within the scientific community. While various theoretical scenarios have been proposed, each with specific observational signatures, the lack of sufficiently sensitive X-ray observations hinders the progress of observational tests. In this white paper, we present how AXIS will contribute to solving this issue. With an angular resolution of 1.5″ on-axis and minimal off-axis degradation, we designed a deep survey capable of reaching flux limits in the [0.5–2] keV range of approximately 2 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 over an area of 0.13 deg2 in approximately 7 million seconds (7 Ms). Furthermore, we planned an intermediate depth survey covering approximately 2 deg2 and reaching flux limits of about 2 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 in order to detect a significant number of SMBHs with X-ray luminosities (LX) of approximately 1042 erg s−1 up to z∼10. These observations will enable AXIS to detect SMBHs with masses smaller than 105 M⊙, assuming Eddington-limited accretion and a typical bolometric correction for Type II AGN. AXIS will provide valuable information on the seeding and population synthesis models of SMBHs, allowing for more accurate constraints on their initial mass function (IMF) and accretion history from z∼0–10. To accomplish this, AXIS will leverage the unique synergy of survey telescopes such as the JWST, Roman, Euclid, Vera Rubin Telescope, and the new generation of 30 m class telescopes. These instruments will provide optical identification and redshift measurements, while AXIS will discover the smoking gun of nuclear activity, particularly in the case of highly obscured AGN or peculiar UV spectra as predicted and recently observed by the JWST in the early Universe.
Development of Dry and Liquid Duplex Reagent Mix-Based Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays as Novel Tools for the Rapid and Easy Quantification of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Proviral Loads
Authors: Watanuki Sonoko , Shoji Kazuyuki , Izawa Masaki , Okami Mitsuaki , Ye Yingbao , Bao Aronggaowa , Liu Yulin , Saitou Etsuko , Sugiyama Kimikazu , Endo Michiru , Matsumoto Yasunobu , Aida Yoko
Published: June 2024

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is prevalent worldwide, causing serious problems in the cattle industry. The BLV proviral load (PVL) is a useful index for estimating disease progression and transmission risk. We previously developed a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to measure the PVL using the coordination of common motif (CoCoMo) degenerate primers. Here, we constructed a novel duplex BLV-CoCoMo qPCR assay that can amplify two genes simultaneously using a FAM-labeled MGB probe for the BLV LTR gene and a VIC-labeled MGB probe for the BoLA-DRA gene. This liquid duplex assay maintained its original sensitivity and reproducibility in field samples. Furthermore, we developed a dry duplex assay composed of PCR reagents necessary for the optimized liquid duplex assay. We observed a strong positive correlation between the PVLs measured using the dry and liquid duplex assays. Validation analyses showed that the sensitivity of the dry duplex assay was slightly lower than that of the other methods for the detection of a BLV molecular clone, but it showed similar sensitivity to the singleplex assay and slightly higher sensitivity than the liquid duplex assay for the PVL quantification of 82 field samples. Thus, our liquid and dry duplex assays are useful for measuring the BLV PVL in field samples, similar to the original singleplex assay.
Identification, Genetic Characterization, and Pathogenicity of Three Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 Isolates from Domestic Cats in China
Authors: Deng Mingliang , Liang Haiyang , Xu Yue , Shi Qiwen , Bao Fang , Mei Caiying , Dai Zhihong , Huang Xianhui
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) is a significant pathogen in cats, causing respiratory and ocular diseases with consequential economic and welfare implications. (2) Methods: This study aimed to isolate and characterize FHV-1 from clinical samples and assess its pathogenicity. We collected 35 nasal and ocular swabs from cats showing symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and FHV positivity detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Viral isolation was carried out using feline kidney (F81) cell lines. Confirmation of FHV-1 presence was achieved through PCR detection, sequencing, electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The isolated strains were further characterized by evaluating their titers, growth kinetics, and genetic characteristics. Additionally, we assessed the pathogenicity of the isolated strains in a feline model, monitoring clinical signs, viral shedding, and histopathological changes. (3) Results: Three strains of FHV-1 were isolated, purified, and identified. The isolated FHV-1 strains exhibited high homology among themselves and with domestic isolates and FHV-1 viruses from around the world. However, they showed varying degrees of virulence, with one strain (FHV-A1) causing severe clinical signs and histopathological lesions. (4) Conclusion: This study advances our understanding of the genetic and pathogenic characteristics of FHV-1 in China. These findings underscore FHV-A1 isolate as a potentially ideal candidate for establishing a challenge model and as a potential vaccine strain for vaccine development.
Impact of Temperature Variations on Torque Capacity in Shrink-Fit Junctions of Water-Jacketed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs)
Authors: Puma-Benavides David Sebastian , Mixquititla-Casbis Luis , Llanes-Cedeño Edilberto Antonio , Jima-Matailo Juan Carlos
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the impact of temperature variations on the torque capacity of shrink-fit junctions in water-jacketed permanent magnet synchronous motors. Focusing on both baseline and improved designs; torque capacities were evaluated across a temperature range from −40 °C to 120 °C under different material conditions: Least material condition, nominal, and maximum material condition. The baseline design exhibited torque capacities from 7648 Nm to 9032 Nm at −40 °C, decreasing significantly to 549 Nm to 1533 Nm at 120 °C. The improved design showed enhanced performance, with torque capacities ranging from 8055 Nm to 9247 Nm at −40 °C and from 842 Nm to 1618 Nm at 120 °C. The maximum improvement was observed at 120 °C for least material conditions, with a 55.4% increase, and the minimum improvement at −40 °C for maximum material conditions, with a 2.4% increase. Our findings demonstrate a significant increase in torque capacity by up to 20% under varied thermal conditions. These results underscore the effectiveness of design modifications in enhancing thermal stability and torque capacity, making the improved design a more reliable choice for high-performance applications subject to significant thermal fluctuations. This research highlights the critical role of material selection, thermal management, and precise design adjustments in optimizing the performance and reliability of permanent magnet synchronous motors.
Análise da (Re)construção de Mapas Conceituais como estratégia na resolução de problemas de Química
Authors: Lima Renan , Lira dos Anjos José Ayron
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho é um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado que discorre sobre algumas dificuldades no ensino e aprendizagem, em especial nos conteúdos de Química, atentando-se para algumas estratégias que poderiam promover melhorias no contexto citado. Com base nisso, buscamos analisar como a elaboração de mapas conceituais, como estratégia para a resolução de uma situação-problema, poderia favorecer uma aprendizagem significativa de conteúdos de Química. Metodologicamente, os mapas conceituais com vista à resolução da situação-problema foram analisados com base em uma abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os mapas conceituais se constituem como uma ferramenta que fornece possibilidades de organização e construção de estratégias que podem ser aplicadas na resolução de problemas, favorecendo a aprendizagem de conteúdos de química de maneira significativa.
Decolonialidade e problemas ambientais contemporâneos
Authors: Macêdo do Carmo Gustavo , Bassoli Fernanda , Dornelas de Araújo Thamiris
Published: June 2024

A decolonialidade se constitui como ferramenta central de superação da hegemonia eurocêntrica nas escolas, através de novas epistemologias e práticas que buscam legitimar os conhecimentos e modos de vida dos povos originários e das comunidades tradicionais, bem como evidenciar a sua importância na proteção dos ecossistemas. Neste trabalho, socializamos os processos de criação, implementação e análise de uma sequência didática, desenvolvida em turmas do 3º ano do Ensino Médio, que aborda de forma crítica os problemas ambientais contemporâneos e o vínculo entre a espécie humana e os ecossistemas. A ação pedagógica teve como pilar central as relações construídas entre o território da Reserva Biológica Municipal de Poço D’anta de Juiz de Fora (MG) e as/os moradoras/es do seu entorno. Os resultados obtidos no processo despertaram reflexões sobre como a Educação Ambiental é difundida no ensino básico, em seu estado mais conservador, baseada no esvaziamento político das questões ambientais.
The Effect of Progestin Injection Contraception on Changes in Amount of Fat and Muscle in Female Patients at Slamet Riyadi Hospital, Surakarta
Authors: SUKAMTI SRI , Prastyoningsih Aris , Bumi Pangesti Christiani
Published: June 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of Progestin Injection Contraception on changes in the amount of fat  and muscle in female patients at Slamet Riyadi Hospital, Surakarta. The research method used a quantitative research design with a Quasi-Experimental approach and a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study was women who used progestin injection contraception as a method of contraception in the last three months, totaling 20 acceptors. Meanwhile, the sample of this study was 14 people. This research was conducted at Slamet Riyadi Hospital, Surakarta, over three months. Data analysis consisted of two stages: univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results showed that there was an effect of Progestin Injection Contraception administration on changes in fat and muscle levels before and after, with P values of 0.006 and 0.027, respectively. Therefore, these findings underscore the importance of monitoring body composition for Progestin Injection Contraception users and the need for further studies to understand the long-term impact of this type of contraception.
muscle
Liberté et Cognition. Une autre voie est possible. Introduction
Authors: Monier Cyril , Khamassi Mehdi
Published: June 2024

Freedom & Cognition. Another Way is Possible. The question of the relationship between freedom and determinism has been one of the most debated topics in philosophy since antiquity. In recent decades, investigations in the sciences of cognition and neurosciences have greatly revived the debate on free will by studying, for example, decision-making, volition, the feeling of agency or even metacognition. These studies have generated important exchanges between philosophers and scientists and this 75th issue of Intellectica is a continuation of these exchanges. Contributions to the issue come from both philosophers and neuroscientists. They offer a wide variety of positions on freedom and responsibility, the societal issues that this generates, and give rise to a number of avenues for discussion with cognitive sciences. One of the important questions raised in this issue is whether the knowledge brought to us today by cognitive science research can help us increase our freedom. This issue is also an opportunity to take stock of the current state of philosophical debates on free will. Finally, this issue is also an opportunity to shed light on the Spinozist notion of free necessity, and to compare it in more detail with the literature on free will and with knowledge resulting from work in the field of cognitive sciences.
L’impuissance de la volonté et le déterminisme causal. Discussion du libre arbitre et de l’irresponsabilité morale
Authors: Bedminster Jenner Herman
Published: June 2024

Nous confrontons deux grandes conceptions du libre arbitre. Nous commençons par dessiner les contours précis de deux modèles théoriques en faveur du libre arbitre (modèle interne et externe) en nous efforçant d’en montrer les limites précises. Ensuite, nous nous efforçons de convaincre, par des raisons précises, qu’il est préférable d’adopter la thèse déterministe, laquelle ne suppose pas de renoncer à la notion de responsabilité à condition que l’on accepte d’en réviser le sens reçu hérité de son lien supposément indéfectible avec la notion de libre arbitre.
Libre arbitre et déterminisme dans les débats entre philosophie analytique et neurosciences
Authors: Guillon Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2024

Une approche fréquente de la question du libre arbitre dans la philosophie contemporaine est constituée des deux idées suivantes : (i) le libre arbitre tel que nous l’expérimentons est une illusion, et (ii) si nous devons faire place à une forme de liberté humaine dans un cadre naturaliste, ce ne peut être qu’une liberté compatible avec la nécessité. D’un point de vue historique, Spinoza est le premier philosophe qui ait défendu cette double approche du problème. Dans les débats contemporains, elle est représentée par un certain nombre de philosophes analytiques «compatibilistes » , qui considèrent que les données des sciences – en particulier des neurosciences – en faveur d’une forme de déterminisme nous obligent à abandonner la conception «incompatibiliste » (ou «libertarienne » ) du libre arbitre. L’article présent a pour but de resituer les récentes données déterministes des neurosciences dans le contexte du débat analytique entre compatibilistes et incompatibilistes. Ceci permettra de montrer comment et pourquoi certains auteurs (y compris l’auteur de cet article) estiment que ces donnés scientifiques n’ont pas totalement et définitivement réfuté la possibilité d’une conception libertarienne et la fiabilité de notre expérience commune.
La Libre volonté selon Bergson : éclaircissements conceptuels et confrontation aux expériences de Type Libet
Authors: Dolbeault Joël
Published: June 2024

Bergson caractérise la libre volonté comme émanant du moi entier, c’est-àdire comme prenant appui sur l’ensemble de notre mémoire. En cela, la libre volonté s’oppose à l’impulsion, à la décision irréfléchie, au cours de laquelle une partie seulement de notre mémoire agit à l’insu du reste. Par ailleurs, Bergson définit le déterminisme comme l’idée que tous les processus naturels obéissent à des lois. Le déterminisme n’affirme donc pas seulement que tout a une cause : il affirme aussi et surtout que toute cause agit selon des lois impersonnelles qui fixent (déterminent) à l’avance l’effet. Il en découle une incompatibilité entre déterminisme et libre volonté : si tout ce qui arrive est pré-fixé par des lois impersonnelles, depuis le passé lointain, alors on ne peut pas dire que nos volontés sont produites par notre moi présent. Bergson développe un argument en faveur de l’existence de libres volontés. Par ailleurs, son concept de libre volonté permet de jeter une lumière nouvelle sur les expériences de type Libet. Au premier abord, ces expériences neuroscientifiques semblent ruiner l’idée qu’une volonté puisse être libre. Cependant, l’analyse du concept de liberté sur lequel ces expériences reposent montre que, paradoxalement, elles ne portent pas du tout sur la libre volonté.
Architectes et décorateurs français dans la Rome de la fin du XVIIe siècle
Authors: Verdier Thierry
Published: June 2024

Les architectes Français à Rome à la fin du XVIIe siècle furent assez nombreux, mais ne formèrent jamais un groupe homogène. Pensionnaires du roi à l'Académie de France à Rome, décorateurs à l'occasion d'apparati , collaborateurs de grandes agences, voyageurs, dessinateurs, ingénieurs au service du pape, créateurs à la recherche de commandes, ils présentèrent les mille facettes d'un métier aux contours assez flous. Par leurs travaux et leurs projets se distingue malgré tout une modification du goût qui n'est pas sans évoquer les débats artistiques de la France classique.
Pierre de L'Estache (1688 ca.-1774) : un sculpteur français à Rome entre institutions nationale et grands chantiers pontificaux
Authors: Desmas Anne-Lise
Published: June 2024

Pierre de L’Estache (1688 ca.-1774) : uno scultore francese a Roma, fra istituzioni nazionali e grandi cantieri pontifici. Lo scultore Pierre de L'Estache giunto a Roma nel 1715 come pensionnaire dell' Accademia di Francia, si sposò e rimase tutta la vita nella città papale. Pur rimanendo attaccato alle istituzioni nazionali come l'Accademia di Francia e la Congregazione di San Luigi dei Francesi, riuscì a integrarsi nell'ambiente artistico romano, partecipando alla decorazione scolpita dei cantieri avviati dai papi Clemente XII e Benedetto XIV (il portico della Basilica lateranense, la cappella Corsini, la facciata di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme). Questo studio monografico tenta di comprendere in che misura questo artista francese abbia potuto svolgere ima così lunga carriera nella Roma pontificia e cerca di definire e di spiegare la peculiarità del suo stile, poco paragonabile a quello dei contemporanei francesi o italiani.
Il viaggio in Italia di Henri Focillon
Authors: Ducei Annamaria
Published: June 2024

Tra il 1906 e il 1908 Henri Focillon (1881-1943) soggiorna in Italia, dove si dedica alla tesi di dottorato su Giovan Battista Piranesi. La corrispondenza con i genitori, recentemente pubblicata, permette oggi di ricostruire quella che fu un'esperienza centrale nella sua formazione di storico dell'arte, e che si inserisce a pieno titolo nella tradizione dei récits de voyage. Molteplici sono gli spun¬ ti di riflessione che il giovane studioso ci offre nelle sue lettere, la cui prosa evoca più di un mo¬ dello letterario e filosofico : tra gli altri, Taine, Bergson, Proust, ma soprattutto Goethe, autore che Focillon apprezzava particolarmente, e la cui Italienische Reise sembra aver profondamente segnato il pensiero dello storico dell'arte. È così che prendono forma durante il viaggio italiano alcuni dei nodi centrali del pensiero di colui che nel 1934 pubblicherà la Vie des Formes : la metafora geologica come immagine complessa del tempo storico, l'idea di un universo autonomo delle forme artistiche, il senso assegnato alla declinazione francese del paesaggio classico. Questi nodi intellettuali assumono, nelle lettere di Focillon, una particolare, vibrante evidenza iconica, nell'immagine ora delle rovine di Piranesi, ora delle vedute veneziane di Isabey, Ziem e Bonington, infine dei souvenirs di Camille Corot.
Enrico Baj et le surréalisme : de l'exposition Éros à la querelle de l'Anti-procès
Authors: Sanna Angela
Published: June 2024

Enrico Baj e il surrealismo, dalla mostra ÈROS alla polemica dell 'Anti-procès.

L'articolo mette in evidenza alcuni aspetti tanto importanti quanto inesplorati dei rapporti tra Enrico Baj (1924-2003) e il surrealismo nel secondo dopoguerra. Vengono analizzate, per la prima volta, le motivazioni culturali ed estetiche che hanno favorito ravvicinamento dell'artista ad André Breton e alla sua cerchia, portandolo ad interpretare in modo originale e autonomo alarne tematiche fondamentali del surrealismo, e a partecipare alle Esposizioni Internazionali del Surrealismo, in modo particolare a quella del 1959, dedicata all'ÉROS. In questo contesto vengono anche esaminati gli scambi fra Baj e il poeta e critico d'arte francese Edouard Jaguer, sostenitore di Breton e fondatore, nel 1954, del movimento "parasurrealista" Phases. Grazie allo studio della corrispondenza inedita Baj /Jaguer si è potuto ricostruire la polemica sorta fra i due uomini intorno all'Anti-procès, il ciclo di manifestazioni sorte contro il surrealismo nei primi anni sessanta, e mettere così in luce le posizioni dell'artista rispetto alle differenti ideologie promulgate dal surrealismo, dal movimento Phases e dallo stesso Anti-procès.
Le Songe de Marcantonio Raimondi. Proposition d'interprétation
Authors: Cassius-Duranton Marie-Laure
Published: June 2024

The Dream by Marcantonio Raimondi.

After examining the specificity of the depicted theme -a dream -as well as the methodological issues it raises, the author links Marcantonio Raimondi's print, executed c. 1508, with the interest in enigma that was so prevalent in contemporary Venetian humanist culture (Hypnerotomachia Poliphili). Through the examination of associated motifs drawn from Venetian allegories of Voluptas, Boschian imagery of Virgil's damnation and Inferno, as well as the support of the Hippocratic and Aristotelian theories on dreams that were the object of renewed interest in Venice and Padua at that period, the author offers an interpretation of this image as a dream of melancholy.
Des Vite de Bellori à l'Abrégé de la vie des Peintres de Roger de Piles : un changement de perspective
Authors: Michel Christian
Published: June 2024

À travers l'étude des assez nombreuses proximités intellectuelles que l'on retrouve dans les écrits de Roger de Piles et de Giovanni Pietro Bellori, il s'agit dans cet article de mettre en évidence le point de rupture qui écarte la pensée française sur l'art de la tradition italienne. Cette principale divergence tient au refus de l'idéalisme platonicien. La prééminence de l'expérience sensible conduit Roger de Piles à subordonner la beauté de l'idée aux qualités d'exécution, tout en témoignant à l'égard de Caravage de réserves plus vives que celles de Bellori.
Le devenir artistique et professionnel des pensionnaires de l'Académie de France à Rome après 1968
Authors: Verger Annie
Published: June 2024

The artistic and professional development of the pensionnaires of the French Academy in Rome after 1968.

The primary mission of the French Academy in Rome today is "to promote artistic and literary creation in all fields and exchanges with Italy". Following the abolition of the Grand Prix de Rome in 1968, was the institution able to endow the title of "new pensionnaire" with enough weight on the labor and contemporary art markets, and thus succeed in fashioning a new legitimacy ? Annie Verger and Louis Pinto, researchers at the European Sociology Centre, set out to examine this issue. They conducted their investigation by means of questionnaires and interviews with former pensionnaires. Chosen on the basis of their application, the fellows were already set on a professional and artistic path. During their stay in Rome, they acquired a different kind of cultural capital, made up of relationships, contacts and exchanges. On this level, the institution accomplished its mission. However, although the pensionnaires felt that they had been given an advantage at a pivotal moment in their lives, the label had uneven effects : for some, it furthered their career while for others, most notably visual artists, it remained ineffective on the international art market, subject to a different set of criteria.
La Tempesta di Giorgione e un poemetto encomiastico dedicato ai Vendramin
Authors: Falciani Carlo
Published: June 2024

La Tempesta di Giorgione fu vista in casa di Gabriele Vendramin da Marcantonio Michiel, e venne descritta come "El paesetto in tela con la tempesta, con la cingana e soldato". Il dipinto viene ora accostato al mito di Silvio, figlio postumo di Enea, nato in una selva da Lavinia fuggiasca, ricordato nell'Eneide come un giovane appoggiato ad ima lancia senza punta, che nell'antica Roma era un premio dato ai migliori in battaglia. Lo stesso mito è ricordato in un poemetto encomiastico manoscritto dedicato ai Vendramin nel 1482, perché contiene in emblema le ragioni fondanti la grandezza politica della famiglia : ammessa nel novero delle famiglie nobili nel 1381 come premio di battaglia aver aiutato Venezia nella riconquista di Chioggia contro i da Carrara, signori di Padova. Nella Tempesta gli stemmi della Serenissima e dei da Carrara, dipinti sulle case dello sfondo, sarebbero testimonianza di quel conflitto, mentre il fulmine, in accordo con la tradizione geroglifica di Valeriano, e con la poesia encomiastica veneziana di primo Cinquecento, rappresenterebbe il diffondersi nello spazio e nel tempo della fama di tali gesta eroiche. I confronti con alcune indicazioni sulla rappresentazione del paesaggio contenute nei trattati sull'arte della memoria diffusi a Venezia, e con la tradizione della 'narrazione continua', offrono ulteriori precisazioni riguardo le regole sottese alla traduzione in immagini di quei concetti.
Francesco Salviati's inventory and his lost Life of Christ on silver cloth
Authors: Sickel Lothar
Published: June 2024

Francesco Salviatis Nachlassinventar und seine verlorene Darstellung des Leben Christi auf Silbertuch.

Gegenstand der Studie ist das bislang unbekannte Nachlassinventar Francesco Salviatis, das am 12. November 1563 im Auftrag des Arztes Vincenzo Perini erstellt wurde. Das Dokument bestätigt den Bericht Vasaris, wonach Salviatis letzte Lebensjahre von Krankheit gekennzeichnet waren. Perini hatte Salviati behandelt und war von ihm deshalb zum Testamentsvollstrecker bestimmt worden. Am 19. Januar 1564 liefß Perini eine Kopie des Inventars erstellen, der zu entnehmen ist, dass verschiedene Kunstwerke und Wertpapiere aus Salviatis Nachlass an Annibale Lippi, den Sohn des Architekten Nanni di Baccio Bigio, ausgehändigt wurden. Nach Vasari war Annibale ein Schiiler (creato) Salviatis Die Gemälde sind jedoch nicht sicher zu identifizieren. Francescos Haupterbin war seine Schwester Gabriela, die als Nonne in Florenz lebte. Ihrem Prokurator Niccolò del Nero wurde am 19. Januar 1564 die restliche Habe des Malers ausgehändigt. Dazu gehörte ein gemälde auf Silbertuch, das nach Aussage des Inventare das Leben Christi, also vermutlich Szenen aus der Passion zeigte. Anders als Vasari es darstellt, war das Bild für den damaligen König von Böhmen, den späteren Kaiser Maximilian IL, bestimmt. Es scheint nicht erhalten zu sein, aber es kann vermutet werden, dass der Kardinal Alessandro Farnese oder der mit ihm vertraute Kardinal Otto Truchsess von Waldburg das Gemälde bei Salviati in Auftrag gegeben hatte. Das Nachlassinventar vermittelt zahlreiche Einsichten in de Lebensumstände Salviatis während seiner letzten Schaffensperiode.
The Prix de Rome de Gravure in light of artistic and political debate in 18th century France
Authors: Anderson-Riedel Susanne
Published: June 2024

Le Prix de Rome de gravure dans le contexte des débats artistiques et politiques en France au XVIIIe siècle.

Depuis l'admission de graveurs à l'Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture à la fin du XVIIe siècle, nombreuses furent les demandes adressées à la direction pour, d'une part, permettre à certains graveurs de séjourner en tant que pensionnaires à l'Académie de France à Rome et, de l'autre, intégrer les arts graphiques à l'enseignement qui y était dispensé. Artistes, mécènes et dirigeants apportèrent leur soutien à la formation artistique des graveurs à Rome pour une multitude de raisons, allant du bénéfice personnel et financier que les graveurs pourraient en tirer à l'importance de leur contribution aux intérêts politiques de la France à l'étranger. Par ailleurs, les débats, qui eurent lieu dans les années 1780, autour de la réforme de l'enseignement académique à Paris et la polémique sur le statut des spécialistes des arts graphiques au sein de l'Académie royale soulignèrent le besoin d'intégrer les graveurs à l'enseignement poussé que suivaient les artistes à Rome. Toutefois, ce fut, en fin de compte, le risque de voir des artistes talentueux se diriger vers des entreprises commerciales et le succès que rencontrèrent les graveurs dans leurs efforts pour se faire une place parmi les Beaux-Arts à l'Institut de France en 1803 qui poussèrent le Consulat à autoriser la création d'un Prix de Rome pour la gravure. Cette victoire, qui permit aux graveurs de participer au Prix de Rome, entraîna la transformation irrévocable de la formation des artistes spécialisés dans les arts graphiques et prouva au monde de l'art que la gravure faisait désormais partie intégrante des Beaux-Arts.
Brûler l’aura. Un incendie de tableaux à Paris en 1964
Authors: Galimberti Jacopo
Published: June 2024

Burning the Aura. The Destruction by Fire of Paintings in Paris in 1964 ;

On 7 December 1964, a Milanese dealer, Ivanhoe Trivulzio, travelled to Paris in order to publicly burn thirteen works by artists such as Roberto Matta, Wilfredo Lam, Jean-Jacques Lebel, Pierre Alechinsky, Eduardo Arroyo, Valerio Adami and Mimmo Rotella, who had all given their permission. The event, titled “ Festoman”, is all but forgotten today. This article recounts its circumstances and places Trivulzio’s stance within the history of multiple works and the debates on painting spurred by Robert Rauschenberg’s success at the Venice Biennale. Located at the metaphorical crossroads between Milan, Paris and New York, Festoman reveals an array of clashes and coalitions between key figures in the art world of the 1960s, including Arturo Schwarz, Eduardo Arroyo, Giulio Carlo Argan and even Marcel Duchamp.
Les Annonciations de Fra Angelico, Pollaiuolo, Piero della Francesca et Robert Campin : questions d’ornementalité et de couleur
Authors: Gerbron Cyril
Published: June 2024

The Annunciations by Fra Angelico, Pollaiuolo, Piero della Francesca and Robert Campin : Issues of Ornamentality and Colour.

This study focuses on Tuscan Annunciations, with the addition of one from Umbria, created between the 1420s and the 1470s by, among others, Fra Angelico, the Pollaiuolo brothers, Piero della Francesca, Filippo and Filippino Lippi. It seeks to demonstrate that these painters used a high degree of ornamentality in order to embody the presence of the divine on earth. Indeed, ornamentality was intrinsically linked to the idea of beauty, itself an attribute of God and a heavenly trait. This essay examines in particular the abstract and multicolored mineral surfaces of the walls of Mary's house, which becomes the house of God at the Incarnation. This is followed by the temporary presence on earth of Gabriel, as the celestial being appears before Mary. The archangel's wings are the focus of careful analysis as they sometimes convey theological discourses expressed through chromatic.
L’ombra di Tiziano: l’Annunciazione che visse più volte
Authors: Frascarolo Valentina , Pellegrini Emanuele
Published: June 2024

Der Schatten Tizians : die Verkündigung, die mehrmals lebte

In diesem Artikel wird die künstlerische Rezeption einer Verkündigung, die Tizian um 1536 für Santa Maria degli Angeli in Murano geschaffen hat, untersucht ; dieses Werk, das von den Schwestern, die es in Auftrag gegeben hatten, abgelehnt worden war, wurde nach Spanien versandt. Das Werk gilt heute als verschollen, es gibt jedoch einige graphische Zeugnisse davon, unter anderem einen Kupferstich von Jacopo Caraglio und ein briefliches Dokument von Piero Aretino. Anhand der Untersuchung einer Reihe von Verkündigungen, die zwischen dem 16. und dem 17. Jahrhundert in verschiedenen Regionen Italiens geschaffen worden sind und die aus dem Prototyp Tizians hervorgegangen zu sein scheinen, befragen die Autoren die Gründe dieser beachtlichen Rezeption sowie die verschiedenen Rezeptionsformen eines „figürlichen Textes“, der verschiedene Deutungsmöglichkeiten darbietet, die ebenso gut zu einer Erneuerung wie zu einem Bezug zur Tradition einladen.
Paysages, documents ou vedute? Les vues gravées d’Étienne Dupérac et leurs fonctions à Rome au XVIe siècle
Authors: Lurin Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Landscapes, Documents or Vedute ? Étienne Dupérac’s Engraved Views and their Function in Rome in the 16th Century.

On the basis of Renaissance descriptions of Rome, this essay outlines a critical and methodological reflection on the notion of “ views” at that period, the character of these images and their use in the fields of topography, urban landscape and the study of individual monuments. Through the analysis of drawings and prints, “views” are revealed as an ideal form of description (descriptio) that provides a variety of authors a perfect articulation between the aims of the text and those of the image. The ways in which these views are composed, read and labelled are considered using Étienne Dupérac’s Vestigi dell’antichità di Roma (1575). The essay presents several case studies of uses of views and ends with an analysis of the “public” function of prints in 16th-century art and culture.
Des bienfaits des séjours romains : la Pietà de Charles Le Brun pour le chancelier Séguier
Authors: Somon Mathieu
Published: June 2024

Die Wohltaten von Aufenthalten in Rom : die Pietà von Charles Le Brun für den Kanzler Séguier.

Zum Zeichen seines Dankes malte Le Brun am Ende seines Aufenthalts in Rom eine große Pietà für Pierre Séguier, seinen wichtigsten Schutzherrn und Mäzen. Dieses Gemälde ist eine Verbindung römischer Kunst mit französischer Geistigkeit, die der des Cousins von Séguier, des Kardinals von Bérulle, entspricht, der ein „Apostel des fleischgewordenen Wortes“ und „Unserer lieben Frau des Mitleidens“ war. Das Gemälde zeichnet sich durch farbliche Kontraste aus zwischen dem zurückgehaltenen Schmerz der Muttergottes und der Krassheit der pathetischen Erfahrung der Inkarnation und Passion in einer finsteren Landschaft, in die zunehmend die Dämmerung eindringt. Dieses Gemälde lud wahrscheinlich zu einer Meditation über die Erlösung ein, die, ohne sie jedoch abzuschwächen, die Todeserfahrung verklärt zugunsten einer Heilserwartung, welche ein außergewöhnlich langes Gefallen vonseiten der Séguier bewirken sollte.
La suite gravée des Vases de Jacques Ier Androuet du Cerceau (c.1511-1585), de l'anthologie d'estampes italiennes au cahier de modèles à vocation pédagogique
Authors: Evrard Clarisse
Published: June 2024

Die Serie an Stichen der Vases von Jacques Ier Androuet du Cerceau (ca. 1511-1585), zwischen einer Anthologie italienischer Drucke und einem Lehrbuch für Handwerker

Für jeden Kunsthistoriker, der sich mit dekorativen Stichen des 16. Jahrhunderts auseinandersetzt, stellt Jacques Ier Androuet du Cerceau aufgrund seiner Verallgemeinerung von Tendenzen wie auch als Verleger von Originalentwürfen eine Schlüsselfigur dar. Seine bevorzugte Stellung in Italien lädt zur Untersuchung der Bedeutung seiner Modelle in den jenseits der Alpen entstandenen Stichserien ein, um besser zu verstehen wie weit tragend sie sind. Die Analyse der Vases zeugt von der Ausrichtung der interpretatio in Androuets Werken ; es handelt sich hier um eine Sammlung, die irgendwo zwischen Anthologie italienischer Stiche für Liebhaber und Sammlung an Vorlagen für Handwerker anzusiedeln ist. Das Studium der Quellen, des Stils und ihrer Anwendung in einer Handschrift der National Art Library unterstützt diese doppelte Lesart, die letztendlich zur Einstufung des Künstlers als Erfinder des ornamentalen Stiches im französischen Stil führt.
Raphaël dépaysé par le siècle des Romantiques
Authors: Lassus Saint-Geniès Gabrielle de
Published: June 2024

Si l’artiste a l’occasion, lors de ses voyages, d’être dépaysé, l’oeuvre d’art peut-elle être considérée comme telle ? Poser la question du dépaysement d’un matériau artistique, c’est lui reconnaître la possibilité d’une existence propre qui le conduit à être souvent déraciné de son lieu de création, séparé de son contexte original. C’est interroger l’autonomie de l’objet, la multiplicité de ses sens, ses glissements d’identité et sa vulnérabilité face aux ruptures spacio-temporelles. Certains dépaysements d’oeuvres sont consentis par l’artiste, d’autres sont le fruit des hasards, des ventes, des acquisitions et des translations de l’Histoire. L’exemple de Raphaël Sanzio (1483-1520) apparaît particulièrement digne d’intérêt en raison de la ferveur élitiste et populaire qui a accompagné l’achat, la copie, la diffusion et la réinterprétation de ses peintures, devenues des images migrantes, plus spécialement dans l’Europe du XIX e siècle.
L’Italie des peintres soviétiques : un déracinement temporel
Authors: Milbach Juliette
Published: June 2024

L’Italia dei pittori sovietici : uno sradicamento temporale

In questo articolo ci si interroga sul dialogo iniziato dai pittori sovietici con l’arte italiana, incrociando diverse fonti : da un lato i volumi di storia dell’arte sulla pittura italiana, dall’altro la critica contemporanea sovietica a proposito di quest’ultima, e alcuni scritti di artisti. Sono due i periodi particolarmente intensi in questi incontri : gli anni trenta del Novecento, per l’elaborazione di un discorso teorico sull’inscriversi del realismo socialista sovietico in un più vasto ambito, e gli anni cinquanta dello stesso secolo, con le Biennali di Venezia del 1956 e del 1958 e il confronto diretto che questo incontro ha generato. Questo studio intende mostrare la ricchezza di riferimenti che caratterizzano il discorso della Unione Sovietica sull’arte.