bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Single-System Ectopic Ureters: A Case Report
Authors: Gebreziher Yirgalem Teklebirhan , Zeru Enderta Abrha , Negash Hadush Tesfay , Gebre Berihu Tadishu
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
While 20% of ectopic ureters are bilateral, bilateral single-system ectopic ureters constitute a rare occurrence. It presents as continuous incontinence in females due to the ectopic ureteral openings being located outside the bladder.
Case presentation:
A 14-year-old female adolescent presented with lifelong urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections. Physical examination was unremarkable, with no signs of neurologic disorder. Abdominal ultrasound imaging showed bilateral moderate hydroureteronephrosis. The voiding cystourethrogram showed a bladder capacity of 150 ml and a grade 4 vesicoureteral reflux in the left ureter. CT urography revealed a low-capacity bladder with bilateral ectopic ureteral openings and bilateral moderate hydroureteronephrosis. Cystoscopic examination revealed a wide urethra, with both ureteric orifices located within the urethra and an indistinct trigone. Bilateral Politano-Leadbetter ureteric reimplantation was then performed, which resulted in satisfactory continence during follow-up.
Conclusion
In cases of bilateral single-system ectopic ureters, modern imaging modalities can clearly delineate the anatomy and guide appropriate surgical planning. Ureteral reimplantation can avoid the need for major reconstructive surgery, enabling patients to achieve normal bladder function and satisfactory continence.
Surgical Management and Outcomes of Corrosive Esophageal Injury at Late Presentations at a Tertiary Center in Sana’a City, Yemen
Authors: Al-Shehari Mohammed Mohammed , Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Al-Helali Ahmed Hamaood , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Corrosive esophageal injuries present a significant clinical challenge with various etiologies and outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological factors, causative agents, and management outcomes of patients presenting with corrosive esophageal injuries at Al-Thawra General Hospital in Sana’a City, Yemen.
Patients and methods:
A prospective review was conducted on twenty-two cases of corrosive esophageal injury. The study included analyses of patient demographics, causative agents, types of injuries, management strategies, and outcomes. The data were compared with literature to contextualize the findings.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 24 years, with a predominant incidence among those under 20 years. Accidental ingestion accounted for 91% of the cases, whereas 9% were due to suicide attempts. Acidic agents caused two-thirds of the injuries, with alkaline agents responsible for the remaining one-third. Diagnostic endoscopy revealed that 56% of patients had Grade 2B injuries. Stricture formation occurred in 35% of the cases and was associated primarily with acidic substances. Postoperative complications were observed in 47% of the patients, with restenosis, arrhythmia, and anastomotic stenosis being the most common. The mortality rate was 13%, which was significantly higher among patients with suicidal intent. The average hospital stay was 6.30 days, with longer durations noted in patients exposed to alkaline agents and those requiring colonic conduit surgeries.
Conclusion
Corrosive esophageal injuries, predominantly accidental ingestion, lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Acidic agents are more frequently involved and are associated with higher rates of complications such as strictures. Early endoscopic evaluation and tailored surgical management are crucial for reducing complications and improving outcomes. Further efforts are needed to prevent these injuries, particularly in children and those with suicidal tendencies.
Germination response and seedling growth performance of Adansonia digitata L. tree seeds under innocuous pre-treatment techniques
Authors: Mengistu Mitku Alemu
Published: December 2024

Adansonia digitata is a multipurpose and highly valued tree species, which produces wild edible fruits. Its seeds are characterized by hard seed coat that impedes water and oxygen penetration into the seed, and thus inhibits seed germination. This investigation was aimed to evaluate the effects of various seed pre-treatment methods on seed germination response and seedling development of the species. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and used a completely randomized design. Seven treatments (Trt1: Scarification, Trt2: Soaking in cold water for 24 hours, Trt3: Soaking in cold water for 24 hours and scarification, Trt4: Soaking in hot water for 1 hour, Trt5: Soaking in hot water for 1 hour and soaking in cold water for 24 hours, Trt6: scarification and soaking in hot water for 1 hour, Trt7: Soaking in cold water, scarification then soaking in hot water) and control (without any pre-treatment). Data on seed germination and seedling growth parameters were recorded. Germination percentage, germination velocity, and mean germination rate of seeds were calculated. The study showed that seed germination and seedling growth parameters significantly varied among the treatments. The highest seed germination (complete germination within a week) and highest seed germination velocity (3 days) were recorded in Trt7 (Soaking in cold water, scarification then soaking in hot water) followed by Trt6 (96.67% germination in three weeks), Trt5 (93.33%), and Trt4 (86.67%). The lowest germination percentage (70% in 11 weeks) and lowest germination value (40 days) were recorded in seeds without any treatment. It was observed that seedlings with rapid seed germination resulted in robust and vigorous seedlings that attained approximately 15 cm in height after 11 weeks. We recommend soaking in cold water, scarification then soaking in hot water to break seed dormancy, promote seed germination, and produce vigorous seedlings of A. digitata.
Forschung mit Grundschüler:innen
Authors: Koschei Franziska , Schmidt Lena , Eggert Susanne , Dertinger Andreas , Kramer Michaela , Kammerl Rudolf
Published: December 2024

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, wie multiperspektivisch, akteur:innenorientiert sowie partizipativ mit Kindern geforscht werden kann und worin der Mehrwert dieses Vorgehens besteht. Dies wird anhand eines Forschungsprojekts erläutert. Im Verbundprojekt «DiBiGa – Zukunftsperspektiven für die Digitale Bildung im Grundschulalter» beschäftigt sich ein Forschungsteam der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) und des JFF – Institut für Medienpädagogik mit der Frage, wie Digitale Bildung mit Blick auf Kinder im Grundschulalter künftig gestaltet sein soll. Ausgangspunkt sind die Erfahrungen der an Digitaler Bildung beteiligten Akteur:innen mit dem pandemiebedingten Distance-Schooling.Im Projekt wurden die Perspektiven der verschiedenen Akteur:innen aus den Bereichen Schule (Schulleiter:innen, Vertreter:innen, Expert:innen auf schuladministrativer Ebene) sowie Familie (Kinder, Eltern und Erziehungsberechtigte, Fachkräfte aus der Sozialpädagogischen Familienhilfe) erhoben und aufeinander bezogen (Multiperspektivität). Dabei wurde darauf geachtet, dass sich die Ausgestaltung der Erhebung an den jeweiligen Voraussetzungen der interviewten Personengruppen orientierte (Akteur:innenorientierung). Darüber hinaus wurden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Weiterentwicklung der Digitalen Bildung im Grundschulalter gemeinsam mit den zentralen Akteur:innen erarbeitet (Partizipativität). Der Fokus des Artikels liegt auf der Statusgruppe der Kinder und ihren Perspektiven auf das Thema. Abschliessend werden die Limitationen des gewählten Forschungsvorgehens diskutiert und eingeordnet.
Inheritance of wheat head productivity elements in F1 Triticum aestivum L. hybrids created on the basis of cultivars carring wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS
Authors: Dubovyk N. S. , О. В. Гуменюк  , В. В. Кириленко  , Misiura I. I. , Т. М. Хоменко
Published: December 2024

Purpose. Investigate the inheritance of the elements of productivity of the main ear-head by hybrids of the first generation of soft winter wheat, obtained from crossing varieties that carry wheat-rye translocations (WRT) 1BL.1RS and 1AL.1RS. Methods. Phenological, biometric, and statistical. Results. The differentiation of the elements of the crop structure between F1 hybrids was revealed. In 2016, based on the results of the analysis of the main ear length of F1 hybrids overdominance was detected in 26.7% of them, partial positive dominance – in 10.0%; by the number of grains: overdominance – in 13.3%, partial positive dominance – in 10.0%; by weight of grains from the main ear: overdominance – 16.7%, partial positive dominance – 3.3%. In 2017, overdominance along the length of the main ear was determined in 36.7% of the first generation hybrids, partial positive dominance – in 10%; by the number of grains: overdominance – 46.7%, partial positive dominance – 6.7%; by weight of grains from the main ear: over-domination – 40.0%, partial positive dominance – 10%. In terms of breeding ‘Kolumbiia’ / ‘Ekspromt’ (1AL.1RS / 1AL.1RS) crossing was the most valuable by the combination of the length of the main ear and the grain weight of it, hete­rosis was observed in 2016 and 2017; ‘Svitanok Myronivskyi’ / ‘Lehenda Myronivska’ (1BL.1RS / 1BL.1RS) showed good results in combination of the number and weight of grains from the main ear. The combination of two translocations in the wheat genotype can act as an auxiliary genetic background that increases the adaptive properties of the genotype to stressful environmental conditions and provides a high and constant level of grain productivity. Conclusions. A different degree of inheritance of grain product elements in wheat hybrids F1 was revealed. Hybrid combinations F1, which provided overdominance and partial positive dominance of the length, number and weight of grains of the main ear from crossing carrier cultivars carring WRT were identified. In terms of breeding ‘Kolumbiia’ / ‘Ekspromt’ (1AL.1RS / 1AL.1RS) crossing was the most valuable by the combination of the main ear length and the weight of grains, ‘Svitanok Myronivskyi’ / ‘Lehenda Myronivska’ (1BL.1RS / 1BL.1RS) – in combination of the number and weight of grains from the main ear.
Prevalencia y severidad de mancha foliar zonada (Microdochium sorghi) en sorgo en el noreste de México
Authors: Guzmán Ochoa Guillermo , Patishtan Pérez Juan , Garay Martínez Jonathan Raúl , Joaquín Cancino Santiago , Felipe Victoriano Moisés , Alcalá Rico Juan Samuel G. J.
Published: December 2024

En el sur de Tamaulipas, México, en parcelas de sorgo (≈170 ha), se observaron hojas con lesiones irregulares-semicirculares color café rojizo-oscuro paralelas a la nervadura de la hoja. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el agente causal y evaluar la incidencia y severidad en el sorgo. A los 22 días después de la siembra (DDS), se colectaron muestras foliares y se prepararon laminillas en laboratorio para la identificación del patógeno con claves taxonómicas. A los 27 DDS, se evaluó la incidencia y severidad por planta y por estrato en el sorgo comercial CROPLAN-8240. Para la incidencia, se estimó la presencia o ausencia de enfermedad. Para severidad, se estableció una escala visual, de cinco clases: 1, 5, 50, 80 y 100 % de lámina foliar dañada. El patógeno se identificó como Microdochium sorghi. La incidencia fue de 100 % y el daño mayor se presentó en las etapas de V3-V5. La enfermedad se observó con mayor frecuencia en el estrato inferior (96 %), seguido del medio (78 %) y superior (56 %). M. sorghi con humedad relativa alta (>85 %) puede convertirse en un patógeno que afecta severamente la producción de sorgo en condiciones cálidas subhúmedas, presentándose con mayor incidencia en etapa vegetativa del cultivo.
ПРАВОВЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ СОБЛЮДЕНИЯ ВРАЧЕБНОЙ ТАЙНЫ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ВОЕННО-ВРАЧЕБНОЙ (ВРАЧЕБНО-ЛЕТНОЙ) ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ
Authors:   Main Military Clinical Hospital of the National Guard troops Russian Federation,  Balashikha, Moscow region, Naumov P.Yu. P.Yu. , Kholikov I.V. ,   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Utiuganov А.А. ,   Perm Military Institute of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Perm
Published: December 2024

The reason for social concern over the observance of medical secrecy is that illegal disclosure of specific information may have serious adverse consequences for patients, infringe upon their rights or rights of their family members, harm dignity and business reputation. This is why investigations in this field are topical, especially considering that medical and legal literature on the subject is scanty.
The paper describes and justifies the legal regime of medical secrecy observance in the process of army (flight) medical examination.
Methodology of the investigation rested on the system, comparative-legal and dialectic approaches. The principle methods were analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy, deduction and induction, systematization and classification, abstracting and generalization of empirical, historical and legal data.
Scrutiny of the legal aspects underlying the army flight medical examination proves that at present the subject of investigation is well regulated. Also, medical secrecy is protected by the established law enforcement and judicial practices. However, revision of the legal norms that pertain to handling confidential information by the army flight medical boards should not be excluded.
DYNAMICS OF THE CREW-MCC COMMUNICATION IN ISOLATION STUDIES OF 120- AND 240-DAY DAYS IN DURATION (PROJECTS SIRIUS-19 AND SIRIUS-21)
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Supolkina N.S. , Shved D.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yusupova А.К. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Nosovsky А.М. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kanaeva Т.R. ,   Medical Institute of Moscow People’s Friendship University, Moscow, Gushchin V.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: December 2024

Observations of the communicative behavior in the 120- and 240-d isolation studies enrich the long experience of content analysis of communications within the closed circuit of crew-Mission control center (MCC) in space mission simulation studies. The data confirm the previously established relationship between workload and style of crew communication with MCC. In addition, the paper describes how mission duration, crew training and cohesion influence the structure of communication.
Caracterização morfológica e molecular de Cladosporium tenuissimum e efeito de óleos essenciais sobre seu crescimento in vitro
Authors:   , Gomes Izabelle Rodrigues Ferreira
Published: December 2024

objetivo deste estudo foi o de caracterizar, em nível morfológico e molecular, isolados de C. tenuissimum, causador da mancha marrom, a sua interação com aboboreira e meloeiro, por meio de análises de patogenicidade, e avaliar o efeito de óleos essenciais no crescimento in vitro do patógeno. Para isso, foram coletadas folhas de abóbora e melancia, e folhas e frutos de meloeiro com lesões necróticas moderadas a severas, em regiões produtoras do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Um total de doze isolados (quatro de abóbora, um de melancia e sete de melão) foram obtidos a partir de folhas e frutos sintomáticos. Os isolados foram submetidos a análises morfológicas em microscópio óptico e de varredura, extração de DNA de pelo método SDS, sequenciamento do DNA com os primers ITS 1 e 2 e, de parte do gene TEF1α, análise filogenética pelo método da Análise de Máxima Verossimilhança e análise da diversidade genética com 19 marcadores ISSR e dez RAPD. O potencial patogênico dos isolados em plantas de abóbora e melão foi avaliado em casa-de-vegetação pela metodologia de suspensões de esporos (106 conídios/ml−1). Para avaliar o controle do crescimento in vitro de dois isolados distantes geneticamente, foram testados três óleos essenciais: canela cássia (Cinnamomum cassia), capim limão (Cymbopogon citratus) e manjericão (Ocimum basilicum), em duas contrações (0,125% e 0,5%) cada. No estudo da diversidade genética ambos os marcadores ISSR e RAPD foram eficazes na identificação de similaridade genética dos isolados, e produziram polimorfismo percentual 98% e 100%, respectivamente. A análise do dendrograma em conjunto indicou a formação de oito grupos principais, onde o coeficiente de similaridade genética variou de 0,21 (CMX02 e CML10) a 0,48 (CML07 e CML08). Todos os isolados apresentaram potencial patogenico para as plantas de abóbora e melão, variando na severidade. Na avaliação in vitro, canela cássia e capim limão inibiram 100% do crescimento dos isolados CML06 e CML07, enquanto que óleo de manjericão a 0,125% inibiram 84% e 78%, respectivamente. O isolado CML07 também apresentou na análise de similaridade em conjunto a maior distância genética dos demais isolados, sugerindo, dessa forma, que esse isolado possui genes que atuam de forma diferenciada, e que a presença da variação genética observada pode estar associada à maior incidência da doença. Este é o primeiro relato do patógeno em áreas produtoras no Rio Grande do Norte e no Brasil para Cucurbitáceas
Identifying the Role of Individual Seal IAPP Amino Acids in Inhibiting the Aggregation of Human IAPP
Authors: Menefee Kate , Larios Kelsy , Rinauro Dillon J. , Tun Angela , Jauregui Betssy , Contreras Jessica I. , Nogaj Luiza A. , Moffet David A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The progression of type 2 diabetes in humans appears to be linked to the
loss of insulin-producing β-cells. One of the major contributors to β-cell loss is the formation of
toxic human IAPP amyloid (hIAPP, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, amylin) in the pancreas. Inhibiting
the formation of toxic hIAPP amyloid could slow, if not prevent altogether, the progression of
type 2 diabetes. Many non-human organisms also express amyloidogenic IAPP variants known to
kill pancreatic cells and give rise to diabetes-like symptoms. Surprisingly, some of these non-human
IAPP variants function as inhibitors of hIAPP aggregation, raising the possibility of developing
non-human IAPP peptides into anti-diabetic therapeutic peptides. One such inhibitory IAPP
variant is seal IAPP, which has been shown to inhibit hIAPP aggregation. Seal IAPP only differs
from hIAPP by three amino acids. In this study, each of the six seal/human IAPP permutations
was analyzed to identify the role of each of the three amino acid positions in inhibiting hIAPP aggregation.

Aims:

This study aimed to identify the minimal amino acid substitutions to yield a peptide inhibitor
of human IAPP aggregation.

Objective:

The goal of the study was to determine the minimal amino acid substitutions necessary
to convert human IAPP into an amyloid-inhibiting peptide.

Methods:

The formation of toxic hIAPP amyloid was monitored using Thioflavin T binding assays,
atomic force microscopy, and MTT cell rescue studies.

Results:

One seal IAPP variant retained amyloid-inhibition activity, and two variants appeared to
be more amyloidogenic and toxic than wild-type human IAPP.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that inhibition of hIAPP requires both the H18R and F23L substitutions
of hIAPP.
Implementing Effective Marketing Technology for a New Business Venture: Case Studies from the Middle East
Authors: Naim Arshi , Malik Praveen Kumar
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of
the importance of accurate target market identification for startups and to present
effective strategies for market segmentation and audience targeting. This study is based
on a descriptive evaluation of case studies in the Middle East region. The research
findings highlight that startups with a clearly defined and well-targeted audience were
significantly more likely to achieve high conversion rates and sustained growth.
Startups that employed detailed audience personas and tailored their marketing
communications accordingly saw marked improvements in brand engagement and
customer acquisition. In conclusion, the study underscores the necessity for startups to
invest i
The Role of Social Media in Business Process Innovation
Authors: Kayyali Mustafa
Published: December 2024

The chapter titled “The Role of Social Media in Business Process
Innovation” discusses the significant impact of social media networks on contemporary
commercial processes. Social media, as a rapidly evolving and collaborative platform,
has developed beyond its primary goal of connecting people to become a critical
instrument in fostering innovation in business operations. This chapter analyzes the
manner in which corporations employ social media to facilitate immediate
communication, boost customer interaction, and acquire significant knowledge through
data analytics. We evaluate various case studies that indicate how the integration of
social media has resulted in better efficiency, increased innovation, and a competitive
edge across a number of industries. Moreover, the chapter discusses the obstacles and
techniques connected with integrating social networking sites with organizational goals
and procedures. By appreciating these features, companies may efficiently harness the
power of social media to promote innovation and sustain their competitive edge in the
age of technology.
Vaccination and Human Papillomavirus Typereplacement
Authors: Lehtinen Matti
Published: December 2024

We anticipated that moderate human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in
the Finnish community-randomized trial will demonstrate changes in ecological niche
of the circulating HPVs such as the niche occupation by non-vaccine-covered HPV
types. In this study we exploited a re-randomized cervical screening trial that had been
launched in 2014 among 14,686 HPV-vaccinees starting from 22-year-old omen, born
in 1992 (refer to Chapter V). Approximately half of the HPV-vaccinees, 6,958 women
participated the trial and provided serial cervical samples for HPV typing at ages 22, 25
and 28 years. With the trial follow-up we could verify the more (gender-neutral
vaccination arm) or less (girls-only vaccination arm) efficient vacation of ecological
niche initially occupied by the vaccine-covered HPV types 16/18/31/45 up to eight
years post-vaccination. However, no consistent changes were observed neither in the
gender-neutral arm nor in the girls-only arm in epidemiological analyses for the nonvaccine-covered HPV39/51/52/56/58/59/66/68/73 determined by PCR of cervical
samples or by serology. In contrast, our analyses at the community level revealed rising
ecological diversity of the more or less non-vaccine-covered HPV types
33/35/51/52/56/58/59 in gender-neutral vaccination communities with a stronger herd
immunity compared with girls-only vaccination communities from four to eight years
post vaccination. This is probably the first recorded sign of niche occupation by the
non-vaccine-targeted HPV types post-population level vaccination.
Controlled-Release Injectables
Authors: Kapadia Alok , Mundada Atish S.
Published: December 2024

The importance of controlled-release injections in drug delivery, including
the recent technological developments in injectable emulsions, liposomes, and
nanosuspensions for parenteral drug delivery, is discussed in four major sections in the
current chapter. The 1st section delves into the application of these systems for poorly
soluble drugs, proteins/peptides, vaccines, and gene therapeutics, highlighting their
potential to overcome challenges associated with bioavailability, stability, and targeted
delivery. In the 2n
d section, injectable emulsions are discussed as a formulation to
overcome key formulation tasks such as solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs as
well as drugs susceptible to hydrolysis. The utility of injectable nanoemulsions exhibits
enhanced stability and tissue penetration, while multiple emulsions show promise
despite inherent complexity. Microemulsions offer a thermodynamically stable option
for parenteral drug delivery. Tactics for improving poorly water-soluble drug delivery,
sustained release, and targeted delivery using injectable emulsions are discussed. It also
offers an overview of the physical and chemical properties and approaches used for the
preparation of emulsion formulations. Emulsion stability assessments and
characterization parameters essential for formulation development are also highlighted.
An overview of the physicochemical characteristics of liposomes and the process by
which drug-containing liposomes are formed is given in the 3rd part. It reviews a
number of liposome preparation techniques, along with the number of drug loading and
encapsulating methods. Examples of marketed and experimental products are provided
while discussing the usage of injectable liposomes as a medication delivery vehicle. In
the 4th section, nanosuspensions as a promising tactic for the formulation using the
poorly water-soluble and poorly bioavailable drug candidates is discussed. The section
navigates the complexities of manufacturing, emphasizing the importance of particle
size distribution for stability. It explores diverse nanoparticle manufacturing techniques
for formulating injectable nanosuspensions. Focusing on injectable nanosuspensions, it
involves the application in controlled release, highlighting the significance of
excipients, particle size, syringeability, and sterility for successful formulation.
Se polluer ou s’élever : implications identitaires de l’élargissement linguistique du monde dans trois récits de voyage européens de la première modernité
Authors: Jaime Clémence
Published: December 2024

Meeting new languages in the 16th and 17th centuries, in regions of the world that the Europeans did not know well, disrupts their world and self-representations. The three European authors studied here learn the language of a new cultural sphere or are confronted to polyglots. They need, thus, to negotiate their identity posture between a suspicious proximity with what is foreign and a disadvantageous distance that puts them out of the social space. Because language is important for the subject’s identity representation, the widening of the linguistic world disturbs the identity representation of the three authors-narrators studied here.
O Jardim Sem Limites, de Lídia Jorge, e o fim da História: a temporalidade oceânica de um presente sem memória nem culpa
Authors: Lopes Alexandra Gonçalves
Published: December 2024

As in other works by the author that portray the great changes that have occurred since the middle of the 20th century, both in Portugal and in the increasingly global world, the disappearance and mutation of the known world, associated with questions of responsibility and memory (or the absence of them), are central hemes in O Jardim Sem Limites (1995) by Lídia Jorge. It is a generational novel about those who grew up post the April Revolution in Portugal and who distanced themselves from those who fought against the dictatorship of the Estado Novo. In the words of Bakhtin, the narrative strings together the web of voices that make up a given era, in this case, the end of the 20th century and the different ways of interpreting it both in ethical and ideological terms; the perplexity and disorientation engendered by the “end of history”, on the one hand, and, on the other, the euphoria of an increasingly Americanised present, experienced on a global scale, without memory or guilt, depict the polarization of a topsy turvy world, a world without ethics portrayed with great irony by the narrator. The reader, thus guided by this unreliable voice, must decipher the intricate network of other signs that the narrative weaves together, which are key to understanding the critical view of the world set out in the novel. That's what this article sets out to do. For this, it will look to the theoretical contributions of authors such as Bakhtin, Lukács, Wayne Booth, Lyotard, Bauman and Eduardo Lourenço, among others
Pós-memória e Holocausto na poesia de Esther Dischereit: uma análise da nova geração em Renascimento Judaico
Authors: Teixeira J. Carlos
Published: December 2024

Using the post-memory theoretical framework, this paper aims to analyze and discuss identity changes within the second generation Jewish community after the Holocaust through the poetry of the German-Jewish author Esther Dischereit. The intention is to understand how her poetry explores the trauma of the Holocaust and how this contributes to the creation of a new German-Jewish identity. The paper will focus on two specific poems, Jewish Renaissance I and Jewish Renaissance II.
O mundo sabe bem o que amamos: humanitas geológica
Authors: Capela Cláudia
Published: December 2024

This article reads Stella Maris by Cormac McCarthy as an example of Anthropocene literature (Gabriele Dürbeck), considering the concepts of hantologie and inheritance by Jacques Derrida, as well as the act of seeing as a responsibility towards the world and its mutation. To achieve this, the focus will be primarily on the protagonist’s dreamlike space, examining it in light of contemporary ecocritical theories concerning the conceptualization of the end of the world (Haraway, Viveiros and Danowski) and exploring the archival and projective potential of Anthropocene literature.
Da economia geral à economia poética: dispêndio e equipartição de energia. From general economy to poetic economy: expenditure and equipartition of energy
Authors: Lucas Fabio Roberto
Published: December 2024

Recovering unpublished stenographic records and organizing the scattered lecture notes preserved by the National Library of France, William Marx publishes in two volumes Paul Valéry’s Cours de Poétique in early 2023. We were finally able to learn how the poet’s classes developed his reflections on the economy of the poetic act and the links between the production and consumption of the poem, announced in the very few parts of the course known until then: the proposal of his candidacy for the position of professor (published under the title “De l’enseignement de la Poétique au Collège de France”) and “The Course in Poetics: First Lesson”, one of Valéry’s most read Variété essays. We will approach these recently published reflections by articulating them with some passages of the “Poiétique” elaborated by the writer in his Cahiers, and in dialogue and counterpoint with recent communications and texts by William Marx, Antoine Compagnon and Jonathan Culler, who have also sought to understand how these two volumes of the Cours de Poétique unfold the economy of poetic experience, in production and consumption.
Representações da Natureza nos poemas “A rã”, de Manoel de Barros,“Les foules” e “L’invitation au Voyage”, de Charles Baudelaire: uma proposta de análise comparativa
Authors: Sales Janaina Jenifer de
Published: December 2024

This article aims to provide a comparative analysis between the poems “A rã”, by the brazilian poet Manoel de Barros; “Les foules” and “L'invitation au voyage”, by Charles Baudelaire, starting from a shift in perspective in the conception of natural aspects within the poems, which occurs, on the poet's part, in a similar way to the modes of thought of certain indigenous Brazilian peoples. To this end, we discuss the notion of Amerindian perspectivism, a term coined by the anthropologist Viveiros de Castro, which we use as a guiding principle for another logic of the world in relation to a vision of Nature. We will then move on to comparative analyzes to understand how the theme of Nature is approached in the poems of Barros and Baudelaire. The article aims to demonstrate how it is in the proximity of natural elements that the modern poet recreates his locus amoenus.
The Role of Government in the Implementation of Smart Branding in Blora Regency
Authors: Sofie Tria , Rachmawati Rini
Published: December 2024

Blora Regency is one of the districts selected in the "Movement Towards 100 Smart Cities" program, where smart branding is one of the important elements that support the implementation of smart cities in the district. Smart branding utilizes local potential and uniqueness to promote regions' competitiveness. The application of smart branding is seen in three aspects: tourism branding, business branding, and city appearance branding. This research analyzes the condition of smart branding in Blora Regency and the government's role in supporting smart branding. It will also analyze short-, medium-, and long-term smart branding priority programs. The research used a qualitative method, where data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. This research shows that smart branding in Blora Regency is one of the efforts to increase promotion and create a competitive area. This condition encourages tourists to visit and investors to invest their capital. Strengthening smart branding is also carried out through city planning. Meanwhile, accessibility optimization continues. Some slogans strengthen smart branding, including "Dolan Blora." The government's role is quite good in providing training and assistance for tourism managers, promoting the area to investors, and increasing accessibility. Various programs are deployed to support smart branding in the short, medium, and long term. Several programs to support the implementation of smart branding have been implemented either by the government or by involving third parties.
Strategy for Optimizing Regional Original Income (PAD) Through Innovation and Collaboration in Central Lombok Regency
Authors: Fathurrahman Fathurrahman , Safitri Julia , Munizu Musran , Nasir Nasir
Published: December 2024

This study discusses the condition of Regional Original Revenue (PAD) which consists oftax components, levies, results of separated regional assets and other revenues that are considered legitimate. In addition, this study emphasises the preparation of a strategy for optimising Regional Original Revenue (PAD) which emphasises innovation and collaboration so that the results and targets for increasing PAD in Central Lombok Regency can be achieved. the importance of innovation as a transformer and collaboration in building networks in Central Lombok Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach using some LKPD data for the last 5 years from 2019-2023. In addition, the method used in preparing the strategy is more result-oriented and more positive with the SOAR approach by analysing strengths, opportunities, aspirations and results while the study locus is Central Lombok Regency. This study found that one of the important steps in strengthening regional finances is the optimisation of local revenue through sustainable policies. Local governments can sustainably increase tax revenues, support regional development, and improve community welfare by using appropriate strategies and comprehensive policies. Annual growth rate, the average percentage of growth each year is 10.25%, the annual growth rate experienced negative PAD growth (-21%). Some strategies that can be developed in order to optimise PAD through innovation and collaboration are to create innovations in the local taxation and levy sector, both in terms of collection and recording. In addition, strengthening networks and collaboration with various parties will make it easier for the Central Lombok Regency Government to map potential sectors that can be utilised to increase PAD.
Simplifying the Bureaucracy Through Transaction Cost Theory
Authors: Murwati Nanik , Prabowo Hadi , Rowa Hyronimus , Khairi Halilul , Sujatmiko Ananda Putri
Published: December 2024

The policy of simplifying the bureaucracy aims to simplify, but in its preparation, it produces many regulations that also cost a lot of money. The Ministry of Finance publishes an average cost incurred for the preparation of one ministerial regulation of up to Rp232 million, not including other costs that do not look like the formulation time. This study analyzes transaction costs in bureaucratic simplification and identifies government efforts to improve transaction cost efficiency. This study uses mixed methods and explanatory sequential analysis to analyze the efforts made by the Government. This study, conducted in 2021-2022, combines qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method of data collection uses in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. While the quantitative method uses a questionnaire. The study results show that the Government has made various efforts to improve the efficiency of transaction costs. Still, various policies that have been prepared to overcome bureaucratic inefficiencies through bureaucratic simplification tend to increase formalization and increase costs. These various government efforts cannot be solely assessed using an economic perspective. Based on a study conducted by the University of Chicago, government bureaucracy will never be truly mathematically efficient because of the way it works, unlike the private sector. The impact of bureaucratic simplification is a long-term benefit, considering that this has an effect on governance that has not been calculated. Inefficiency or large costs incurred by the Government today will be an investment in improving governance in the future.
Innovating Corporate Social Responsibility: The ‘Makin Mesra’ Initiative for Poverty Alleviation in West Aceh District
Authors: Ikhsan Ikhsan , Hajad Vellayati , Saputra Ilham Mirza , Maulida Irham , Setiawan Deni
Published: December 2024

Innovation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Makin Mesra reduces West Aceh District's poverty. CSR of Makin Mesra is a collaborative effort between the local government and private companies to address the region's poverty challenges. The research method used a qualitative approach with case studies to understand the impact and challenges of the program in depth. Data were collected through interviews with key parties, including government officials, company representatives, and community members. The research findings reveal that CSR Makin Mesra has resulted in significant improvements in the welfare of the target community, including a decrease in poverty and unemployment rates. The program has facilitated increased economic activity and essential support for marginalized groups. However, challenges such as limited human resources, delays in fund distribution, and differences in beneficiary data hinder the program's implementation, efficiency, and impact in reducing poverty. This study concludes that CSR Makin Mesra is an essential innovation in utilizing corporate social responsibility for poverty alleviation. This innovation shows positive results in improving community welfare and economic stability. Despite the challenges, the program highlights the potential of collaborative CSR efforts in addressing complex social issues effectively. The author's recommendations to improve the effectiveness of CSR Makin Mesra include strengthening the capacity of the human resources involved through training and skills development of the implementation team and simplifying the fund distribution process through reforming the fund submission and distribution procedures.
Tadulako Leadership Values: Efforts to Improve National Resilience Governance
Authors: Makruf Farid , Ali Muhammad Nur , Herman Achmad
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the importance of Tadulako leadership values in enhancing national governance resilience in Indonesia, particularly in Central Sulawesi. The concept of Tadulako goes beyond individual identity, embodying noble values that promote truth and community welfare. Historically, Tadulako played a significant role in maintaining territorial sovereignty during the colonial period, suggesting that these values are not merely myths but rooted in real struggles for freedom. This study uses an ethnographic approach to examine how these values can serve as an ethical foundation for modern leadership, fostering social cohesion and managing diversity in line with the principle of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. The results showed that courage, justice, and solidarity are integral to building a cohesive national identity and enhancing social resilience against internal and external threats. This study also emphasized the importance of revitalizing local wisdom and integrating these values into the educational framework to ensure cultural continuity and strengthen community ties. This study is a balanced dialogue between tradition and modernity, showing that principles derived from Tadulako can significantly contribute to a strong and sustainable national resilience strategy. In the context of strengthening national resilience governance, it is recommended that Tadulako leadership values be integrated with the concept of transformational leadership in the modern era. Innovative and flexible leadership that emphasizes adaptability and resilience in facing challenges is essential to maintaining national resilience while realizing the progress of the nation and state.
Development and Validation of a Literature Screening Tool: Few-Shot Learning Approach in Systematic Reviews
Authors: Wiwatthanasetthakarn Phongphat , Ponthongmak Wanchana , Looareesuwan Panu , Tansawet Amarit , Numthavaj Pawin , McKay Gareth J , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: December 2024

Background

Systematic reviews (SRs) are considered the highest level of evidence, but their rigorous literature screening process can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. This is particularly challenging given the rapid pace of medical advancements, which can quickly make SRs outdated. Few-shot learning (FSL), a machine learning approach that learns effectively from limited data, offers a potential solution to streamline this process. Sentence-bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (S-BERT) are particularly promising for identifying relevant studies with fewer examples.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a model framework using FSL to efficiently screen and select relevant studies for inclusion in SRs, aiming to reduce workload while maintaining high recall rates.

Methods

We developed and validated the FSL model framework using 9 previously published SR projects (2016-2018). The framework used S-BERT with titles and abstracts as input data. Key evaluation metrics, including workload reduction, cosine similarity score, and the number needed to screen at 100% recall, were estimated to determine the optimal number of eligible studies for model training. A prospective evaluation phase involving 4 ongoing SRs was then conducted. Study selection by FSL and a secondary reviewer were compared with the principal reviewer (considered the gold standard) to estimate the false negative rate.

Results

Model development suggested an optimal range of 4-12 eligible studies for FSL training. Using 4-6 eligible studies during model development resulted in similarity thresholds for 100% recall, ranging from 0.432 to 0.636, corresponding to a workload reduction of 51.11% (95% CI 46.36-55.86) to 97.67% (95% CI 96.76-98.58). The prospective evaluation of 4 SRs aimed for a 50% workload reduction, yielding numbers needed to screen 497 to 1035 out of 995 to 2070 studies. The false negative rate ranged from 1.87% to 12.20% for the FSL model and from 5% to 56.48% for the second reviewer compared with the principal reviewer.

Conclusions

Our FSL framework demonstrates the potential for reducing workload in SR screening by over 50%. However, the model did not achieve 100% recall at this threshold, highlighting the potential for omitting eligible studies. Future work should focus on developing a web application to implement the FSL framework, making it accessible to researchers.
Effect of Artificial Intelligence Helpfulness and Uncertainty on Cognitive Interactions with Pharmacists: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tsai Chuan-Ching , Kim Jin Yong , Chen Qiyuan , Rowell Brigid , Yang X Jessie , Kontar Raed , Whitaker Megan , Lester Corey
Published: December 2024

Background

Clinical decision support systems leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly integrated into health care practices, including pharmacy medication verification. Communicating uncertainty in an AI prediction is viewed as an important mechanism for boosting human collaboration and trust. Yet, little is known about the effects on human cognition as a result of interacting with such types of AI advice.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the cognitive interaction patterns of pharmacists during medication product verification when using an AI prototype. Moreover, we examine the impact of AI’s assistance, both helpful and unhelpful, and the communication of uncertainty of AI-generated results on pharmacists’ cognitive interaction with the prototype.

Methods

In a randomized controlled trial, 30 pharmacists from professional networks each performed 200 medication verification tasks while their eye movements were recorded using an online eye tracker. Participants completed 100 verifications without AI assistance and 100 with AI assistance (either with black box help without uncertainty information or uncertainty-aware help, which displays AI uncertainty). Fixation patterns (first and last areas fixated, number of fixations, fixation duration, and dwell times) were analyzed in relation to AI help type and helpfulness.

Results

Pharmacists shifted 19%-26% of their total fixations to AI-generated regions when these were available, suggesting the integration of AI advice in decision-making. AI assistance did not reduce the number of fixations on fill images, which remained the primary focus area. Unhelpful AI advice led to longer dwell times on reference and fill images, indicating increased cognitive processing. Displaying AI uncertainty led to longer cognitive processing times as measured by dwell times in original images.

Conclusions

Unhelpful AI increases cognitive processing time in the original images. Transparency in AI is needed in “black box” systems, but showing more information can add a cognitive burden. Therefore, the communication of uncertainty should be optimized and integrated into clinical workflows using user-centered design to avoid increasing cognitive load or impeding clinicians’ original workflow.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06795477; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06795477