bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Mit der Gründung habe ich meine Vision verwirklicht“ – Alltagsorientierte Tagespflege
Authors: Mischner Julia
Published: May 2023

Eva Hartmann ist Ergotherapeutin und leitet eine Seniorentagespflege in Hessen, die sie selbst mit aufgebaut hat. Das Konzept der Tagespflege ist dadurch sehr ergotherapeutisch geprägt – ein Umstand, von dem sowohl die Gäste als auch die Mitarbeitenden der Einrichtung profitieren.
Intestinal MRI in Inflammatory Bowel Disease – Literature and Survey-Based Recommendations regarding Reporting by the German Radiological Society (DRG) and the German Competence Network for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Wessling Johannes , Kucharzik Torsten , Bettenworth Dominik , Luegering Andreas , Maaser Christian , Grenacher Lars , Juchems Markus S. , Ringe Kristina I. , Lauenstein Thomas , Schreyer Andreas G.
Published: May 2023

Background MR-enterography/enteroclysis (MRE) is increasingly used for primary diagnosis, detection of complications, and monitoring of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Standardization of reporting is relevant to ensure quality of the methodology and to improve communication between different faculties. The current manuscript describes the features that are required for optimized reporting of MRE in IBD.

Methods An expert consensus panel of radiologists and gastroenterologists conducted a systematic search of the literature. In a Delphi process, members of the German Radiological Society (DRG) and members of the Competence Network for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases voted on relevant criteria for the reporting of findings in MRE. Based on the voting results, statements were developed by the expert consensus panel.

Results Clinically relevant aspects of MRE findings have been defined to optimize reporting and to standardize terminology. Minimal requirements for standardized reporting are suggested. The statements focus on the description of disease activity as well as on complications of IBD. Attributes of intestinal inflammation are described and illustrated by exemplary images.

Conclusion The current manuscript provides standardized parameters and gives practical recommendations on how to report and how to characterize MRE findings in patients with IBD.

Key points: 

Citation Format
Comparison of suction techniques for EUS-guided tissue acquisition: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Afzalpurkar Shivaraj , Angadi Sumaswi , Marikanty Adarsh , Sundaram Sridhar
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims Despite the widespread use of
endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition, the choice of optimal suction technique
remains a subject of debate. Multiple studies have shown conflicting results with respect to
the four suction techniques: Dry suction (DS), no suction (NS), stylet slow-pull (SSP) and wet
suction (WS). Thus, the present network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare the
diagnostic yields of above suction techniques during EUS-guided tissue acquisition.

Methods A comprehensive literature search from 2010 to March 2022
was done for randomized trials comparing the aspirated sample and diagnostic outcome with
various suction techniques. Both pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed to analyze
the outcomes: sample adequacy, moderate to high cellularity, gross bloodiness and diagnostic
accuracy.

Results A total of 16 studies (n=2048 patients) were included in
the final NMA. WS was associated with a lower odd of gross bloodiness compared to DS (odds
ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.97). There was no significant difference between
the various suction methods with respect to sample adequacy, moderate to high cellularity and
diagnostic accuracy. On meta-regression, to adjust for the effect of needle type, WS was
comparable to DS in terms of bloodiness when adjusted for fine-needle aspiration needle.
Surface under the cumulative ranking analysis ranked WS as the best modality for all the
outcomes.

Conclusions The present NMA did not show superiority of any
specific suction technique for EUS-guided tissue sampling with regard to sample quality or
diagnostic accuracy, with low confidence in estimates.
Ultrasound Assisted Endoscopic Gastric Bypass (USA-EGB): a potential endoscopic alternative to surgical bypass, a pre-clinical proof of concept study
Authors: Kadkhodayan Kambiz , Viana Artur , Singh Sanmeet , Cosgrove Natalie , Jain Deepanshu , Yang Dennis , Arain Mustafa A , Irani Shayan , Hasan Muhammad Khalid
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims Endoscopic weight loss procedures have
gained traction as minimally invasive options for the primary treatment of obesity. Thus far,
we have developed endoscopic procedures that reliably address gastric restriction but result
in significantly less weight loss than surgical gastrointestinal bypass. The goal of this
nonsurvival study was to assess the technical feasibility of an endoscopic procedure, that
incorporates both gastric restriction and potentially reversible gastrointestinal
bypass.

Methods Ultrasound-assisted endoscopic gastric bypass (USA-EGB)
was performed in three consecutive live swine, followed by euthanasia and necropsy. Procedure
steps were: 1) balloon-assisted enteroscopy that determines the length of the bypassed limb;
2) endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy that creates a gastrointestinal anastomosis
using a lumen apposing metal stent; 3) endoscopic pyloric exclusion that disrupts transpyloric
continuity resulting in complete gastrointestinal bypass; and 4) gastric restriction that
reduces gastric volume.

Results Complete gastrointestinal bypass and gastric restriction
was achieved in all three swine. The mean total procedure time was 131 minutes (range
113–143), mean length of the bypassed limb was 92.5 cm and 180 cm, using short and long
overtubes, respectively. There were no significant complications.

Conclusions We successfully described USA-EGB in three
consecutive live swine. Further studies are needed to access the procedures safety, efficacy,
and clinical use.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Heterocyclic Compounds in Continuous Flow Using an Immobilized Chiral Phosphoric Acid as the Catalyst
Authors: Nagorny Pavel , Zhelavskyi Oleksii , Jhang Yin-Jia
Published: May 2023

This manuscript describes transfer hydrogenation of bicyclic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds using the immobilized chiral phosphoric acid catalyst (R)-PS-AdTRIP in batch and continuous flow. A significant improvement in enantioselectivities is achieved in continuous flow with a fluidized bed reactor packed with (R)-PS-AdTRIP when the flow rate is increased from 0.2 mL/min to 2.0–2.5 mL/min. The optimized continuous flow conditions consistently provide 4–6% ee higher selectivity than transfer hydrogenation in batch with 2 mol% of (R)-PS-AdTRIP, and are used to generate multiple chiral products with the same fluidized bed reactor.
Using Existing Clinical Information Models for Dutch Quality Registries to Reuse Data and Follow COUMT Paradigm
Authors: Schepens Maike H. J. , Trompert Annemarie C. , van Hooff Miranda L. , van der Velde Erik , Kallewaard Marjon , Verberk-Jonkers Iris J. A. M. , Cense Huib A. , Somford Diederik M. , Repping Sjoerd , Tromp Selma C. , Wouters Michel W. J. M.
Published: May 2023

Background Reuse of health care data for various purposes, such as the care process, for quality measurement, research, and finance, will become increasingly important in the future; therefore, “Collect Once Use Many Times” (COUMT). Clinical information models (CIMs) can be used for content standardization. Data collection for national quality registries (NQRs) often requires manual data entry or batch processing. Preferably, NQRs collect required data by extracting data recorded during the health care process and stored in the electronic health record.

Objectives The first objective of this study was to analyze the level of coverage of data elements in NQRs with developed Dutch CIMs (DCIMs). The second objective was to analyze the most predominant DCIMs, both in terms of the coverage of data elements as well as in their prevalence across existing NQRs.

Methods For the first objective, a mapping method was used which consisted of six steps, ranging from a description of the clinical pathway to a detailed mapping of data elements. For the second objective, the total number of data elements that matched with a specific DCIM was counted and divided by the total number of evaluated data elements.

Results An average of 83.0% (standard deviation: 11.8%) of data elements in studied NQRs could be mapped to existing DCIMs . In total, 5 out of 100 DCIMs were needed to map 48.6% of the data elements.

Conclusion This study substantiates the potential of using existing DCIMs for data collection in Dutch NQRs and gives direction to further implementation of DCIMs. The developed method is applicable to other domains. For NQRs, implementation should start with the five DCIMs that are most prevalently used in the NQRs. Furthermore, a national agreement on the leading principle of COUMT for the use and implementation for DCIMs and (inter)national code lists is needed.
Screening and Management of Lynch Syndrome: The Chinese Experience
Authors: Yu Jiehai , Ding Pei-Rong , Jiang Wu
Published: May 2023

Lynch syndrome (LS), caused by germline mutations in the mismatch repair genes, is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer. While LS is also associated with various cancers, early detection of the proband is meaningful for tumor prevention, treatment, and familial management. It has been a dramatic shift on the screening approaches for LS. As the rapid development of the molecular biological methods, a comprehensive understanding of the LS screening strategies will help to improve the clinical care for this systematic disease. The current screening strategies have been well validated but mainly by evidence derived from western population, lacking consideration of the ethnic heterogeneity, which hampers the universality and clinical application in China. Hence, this review will focus on the Chinese experience in LS screening, aiming to help better understand the ethnic diversity and further optimize the screening strategies.
Profiling low-proficiency science students in the Philippines using machine learning
Authors: Bernardo Allan B. I. , Cordel Macario O. , Calleja Marissa Ortiz , Teves Jude Michael M. , Yap Sashmir A. , Chua Unisse C.
Published: May 2023

Filipino students’ performance in global assessments of science literacy has always been low, and this was confirmed again in the PISA 2018, where Filipino learners’ average science literacy scores ranked second to last among 78 countries. In this study, machine learning approaches were used to analyze PISA data from the student questionnaire to test models that best identify the poorest-performing Filipino students. The goal was to explore factors that could help identify the students who are vulnerable to very low achievement in science and that could indicate possible targets for reform in science education in the Philippines. The random forest classifier model was found to be the most accurate and more precise, and Shapley Additive Explanations indicated 15 variables that were most important in identifying the low-proficiency science students. The variables related to metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, social experiences in school, aspirations and pride about achievements, and family/home factors, include parents’ characteristics and access to ICT with internet connections. The results of the factors highlight the importance of considering personal and contextual factors beyond the typical instructional and curricular factors that are the foci of science education reform in the Philippines, and some implications for programs and policies for science education reform are suggested.
The evolution law of the pantograph–catenary arc with the multi-stress coupled force analysis under the sub-atmospheric pressure strong-airflow condition
Authors: Gao Guoqiang , Qian Pengyu , Xu Zhilei , Dong Keliang , Wang Qingsong , Peng Wei , Liu Yuxin , Ma Yaguang , Xiao Song , Huang Guizao , Wu Guangning
Published: May 2023

As the unique power entrance, the pantograph–catenary plays a vital role in providing traction power for high-speed railways. Along with the operational velocity of trains constantly increasing, the poor contact between the contact wire and the pantograph strip happens frequently due to the “rigid point” existing on the contact wire, forming the “off-line” phenomenon. The off-line phenomenon is normally accompanied by the pantograph–catenary arc occurring, which seriously threatens the safety of the power supply for the high-speed train. Nowadays, as some railways have been built in remote places at high altitude, the motion characteristics of the pantograph–catenary arc under the sub-atmospheric pressure with strong airflow are extremely different from the case under normal pressure. Herein, a pantograph–catenary arc experimental platform is built for observing the evolutionary process of the arc under the sub-atmospheric pressure strong-airflow condition. The impact brought from different air pressures and airflows on the arc is analyzed, as the experimental results show that the pantograph–catenary arc has different motion characteristics when the arcing process is at different stages. To further explore the reason resulting in the varying motion characteristics of the arc, a multi-stress coupled force analysis model is established, with the consideration of the influence of air pressure, wind load, thermal buoyancy, air resistance, arc self-magnetism, etc. From the perspective of force acting on the arc, the arc formation mechanism at the development evolutionary stages is investigated under sub-atmospheric pressure strong-airflow conditions, which lays a theoretical foundation for effectively restraining the pantograph–catenary arc.
Pathwise unstable invariant manifolds reduction for stochastic evolution equations driven by nonlinear noise
Authors: Ju Xuewei
Published: May 2023

This paper is concerned with the pathwise dynamics of the stochastic evolution equation: du + Audt = F(u)dt + G(u)dW(t) on a separable Hilbert space H with the Lipschitz continuous drift term F(u) as well as the Lipschitz continuous diffusion term G(u). We first introduce the notion of generalized random dynamical systems (GRDSs) and show that the equation can generate a GRDS. We then construct a pathwise unstable manifold for the GRDS provided that the Lipschitz constants of the drift term and the diffusion term satisfy a spectral gap condition. At last, we present a pathwise unstable manifold reduction for the GRDS.
A comparison of past and present computational methods for shape analysis of double-shell x-ray radiographs
Authors: Goodarzi Saba , Levesque Joseph M. , Merritt Elizabeth C. , Sauppe Joshua P. , Montgomery David S. , Loomis Eric N. , Dunkley Noah K. , Keiter Paul A.
Published: May 2023

Implosion symmetry is a key requirement in achieving a robust burning plasma in inertial confinement fusion experiments. In double-shell capsule implosions, we are interested in the shape of the inner shell as it pushes on the fuel. Shape analysis is a popular technique for studying said symmetry during implosion. Combinations of filtering and contour-finding algorithms are studied for their promise in reliably recovering Legendre shape coefficients from synthetic radiographs of double-shell capsules with applied levels of noise. A radial lineout max(slope) method when used on an image pre-filtered with non-local means and a variant of the marching squares algorithm are able to recover p0, p2, and p4 maxslope Legendre shape coefficients with mean pixel discrepancy errors of 2.81 and 3.06, respectively, for the noisy synthetic radiographs we consider. This improves upon prior radial lineout methods paired with Gaussian filtering, which we show to be unreliable and whose performance is dependent on input parameters that are difficult to estimate.
Room temperature giant magnetocaloric effect in Pd doped FeRh and the effect of martensitic transition
Authors: Joshi Rajeev , Karmakar Suman , Kumar Kranti , Gupta Mukul , Rawat R.
Published: May 2023

FeRh 0.8 Pd 0.2 is known to exhibit near room-temperature first-order antiferromagnetic (AF)–ferromagnetic (FM) transition, typical of chemically ordered FeRh system. In addition, it is also reported to show martensitic transition at a lower temperature. In this work, the effect of sample history on transition temperature (Tt) and the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) have been studied. The experimentally determined MCE parameters across FM to AF transition induced either by isothermal magnetic field sweep or by temperature sweep showed a large isothermal change in entropy around room temperature, i.e., 14 J/kg K for 50 kOe magnetic field change, whereas MCE corresponding to AF–FM transition depends on cooling history. Our study shows that in the presence of martensite phase, the peak value of MCE is shifted to higher temperatures but with significantly reduced magnitude.
Development of a flat conical chamber-based non-dispersive infrared CO2 gas sensor with temperature compensation
Authors: Zhang Jiahong , Lu Chunling , Gu Fang , Liu Qingquan , Wang Mengjuan , Li Dalin , Han Zhu
Published: May 2023

In order to accurately monitor CO2 concentration based on the non-dispersive infrared technique, a novel flat conical chamber CO2 gas sensor is proposed and investigated by simulation analysis and experimental verification. First, the optical design software and computational fluid dynamics method are utilized to theoretically investigate the relationship between the energy distribution, absorption efficiency of infrared radiation, and chamber size. The simulation results show that the chamber length has an optimal value of 8 cm when the cone angle is 5° and the diameter of the detection surface is 1 cm, which makes infrared absorption efficiency optimal. Then, the flat conical chamber CO2 gas sensor system is developed, calibrated, and tested. The experimental results indicate that the sensor can accurately detect CO2 gas concentrations in the range of 0–2000 ppm at 25 °C. It is found that the absolute error of calibration is within 10 ppm, and the maximum repeatability and stability errors are 5.5 and 3.5%, respectively. Finally, the genetic neural network algorithm is presented to compensate for the output concentration of the sensor to solve the problem of temperature drift. Experimental results demonstrate that the relative error of the compensated CO2 concentration is varied from −0.85 to 2.32%, which is significantly reduced. The study has reference significance for the structural optimization of the infrared CO2 gas sensor and the improvement of the measurement accuracy.
The defect-state-assisted enhancement of high harmonic generation in bulk ZnO
Authors: Xu Shuai , Yu Junhong , Ye Chuanbing , Zhang Hang , Wang Zhan , Hu Jianbo
Published: May 2023

Optical modulation of high harmonic generation (HHG) at ultrashort timescales is of fundamental interest and central importance for emerging photonic applications. Traditionally, this modulation is realized by injecting incoherent electrons into the conduction band, which can only result in the suppression of HHG intensity. In this work, we have proposed and demonstrated an all-optical route to amplify a specific order of high harmonic generation in (11-20)-cut wurtzite zinc oxide (ZnO) based on the pump-probe configuration. Specifically, intensity enhancement is demonstrated by tuning the wavelength of the generation middle-infrared pulse when the wavelength of HHG matches the energy of a specific defect state. The maximum enhancement factor is observed to be 1.8, while the modulation speed varies with different defect states, which are 0.1 ps for the 5th HHG and 1.5 ps for the 4th HHG. This work might enlighten a new path for ultrafast modulation of HHG in solids for the future development of all-optical devices.
Ordinal pattern-based complexity analysis of high-dimensional chaotic time series
Authors: Kottlarz Inga , Parlitz Ulrich
Published: May 2023

The ordinal pattern-based complexity–entropy plane is a popular tool in nonlinear dynamics for distinguishing stochastic signals (noise) from deterministic chaos. Its performance, however, has mainly been demonstrated for time series from low-dimensional discrete or continuous dynamical systems. In order to evaluate the usefulness and power of the complexity–entropy (CE) plane approach for data representing high-dimensional chaotic dynamics, we applied this method to time series generated by the Lorenz-96 system, the generalized Hénon map, the Mackey–Glass equation, the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, and to phase-randomized surrogates of these data. We find that both the high-dimensional deterministic time series and the stochastic surrogate data may be located in the same region of the complexity–entropy plane, and their representations show very similar behavior with varying lag and pattern lengths. Therefore, the classification of these data by means of their position in the CE plane can be challenging or even misleading, while surrogate data tests based on (entropy, complexity) yield significant results in most cases.
Impact of band edge energy on interface traps and electrostatics of ultra-thin-body silicon-on-insulator devices
Authors: Mishra Nalin Vilochan , Medury Aditya Sankar
Published: May 2023

Besides being impacted by quantum confinement effects, the channel electrostatics of ultra-thin-body silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOS devices, with channel thicknesses less than 10 nm, are also likely to be impacted by interface trap states. In this work, we comprehensively investigated the effect of band edge energy (surface passivation energy) on the band structure of the silicon channel. We propose to utilize this band edge energy (ΔEedge) to study the effect of interface traps on device electrostatics, which is generally used to passivate the channel/oxide interface. First, by using sp3d5s∗ semi-empirical tight-binding methodology with a fully passivated interface (ΔEedge>5 eV) and by including suitable bandgap correction for different device temperatures, the band structure is obtained, which is solved self-consistently with Poisson’s equation to accurately determine the channel electrostatics, without the effect of trap states. Interface trap states are now seen in the band structure through suitably varying the edge energy (−5eV<ΔEedge<5 eV) based on which the interface trap density (Dit) and the interface trap charge density (Qit) are determined. Through incorporating Qit in the boundary condition for solving Poisson’s equation self-consistently with the band structure, channel electrostatics is recomputed to analyze the effect of traps for a wide range of device conditions. Finally, the degradation in the integrated charge density due to interface traps is accurately modeled for different SOI channel thickness and device temperatures.
SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery in children: Distinct T cell responses in MIS-C compared to COVID-19
Authors: Rybkina Ksenia , Bell Joseph N. , Bradley Marissa C. , Wohlbold Teddy , Scafuro Marika , Meng Wenzhao , Korenberg Rebecca C. , Davis-Porada Julia , Anderson Brett R. , Weller Rachel J. , Milner Joshua D. , Moscona Anne , Porotto Matteo , Luning Prak Eline T. , Pethe Kalpana , Connors Thomas J. , Farber Donna L.
Published: May 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection for most children results in mild or minimal symptoms, though in rare cases severe disease can develop, including a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) with myocarditis. Here, we present longitudinal profiling of immune responses during acute disease and following recovery in children who developed MIS-C, relative to children who experienced more typical symptoms of COVID-19. T cells in acute MIS-C exhibited transient signatures of activation, inflammation, and tissue residency which correlated with cardiac disease severity, while T cells in acute COVID-19 upregulated markers of follicular helper T cells for promoting antibody production. The resultant memory immune response in recovery showed increased frequencies of virus-specific memory T cells with pro-inflammatory functions in children with prior MIS-C compared to COVID-19 while both cohorts generated comparable antibody responses. Together our results reveal distinct effector and memory T cell responses in pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection delineated by clinical syndrome, and a potential role for tissue-derived T cells in the immune pathology of systemic disease.
Inkjet printing of pixel arrays: droplet formation and pattern uniformity of a non-aqueous ink with tunable viscosity
Authors: Lee Eun Young , Bail Robert , Chin Byung Doo
Published: May 2023

Inkjet printing is a rapid and material-efficient process that is suitable for the fabrication of large-area microarrays from a range of optoelectronic materials. In order to ensure stable droplet formation and a uniform print image with very smooth surfaces, however, the ink properties such as viscosity and surface tension have to be precisely adjusted. In this study, a non-aqueous ink formulation is proposed whose viscosity can be conveniently adjusted by controlling the mixing ratio of propylene carbonate (PC) as the low-viscosity solvent and propylene glycol (PG) as the high-viscosity solvent. Using a combination of advanced imaging techniques, we show that raising the PG content from 20% to 80% increased the viscosity of the ink from 3.36 cP to 26.70 cP, resulting in stable droplet formation and a more evenly printed image. At a spacing of 5 dots/pixel, the roughness value decreased dramatically, from root mean square (RMS): 11.28 (20% PG) to RMS: 0.09 (80% PG). Alternatively, more homogeneous patterns (albeit with a rough surface) were also produced with the low-viscosity ink (20% PG) when a conditioned substrate with low surface energy and selective liquid repellency was used. With this we present a simple but effective strategy to improve droplet formation while obtaining highly uniform pixel arrays. The knowledge gained will be particularly useful for inkjet printing of pixel-patterned color conversion layers in devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and micro-LED displays.
Computational approach for plasma process optimization combined with deep learning model
Authors: Ko Jungmin , Bae Jinkyu , Park Minho , Jo Younghyun , Lee Hyunjae , Kim Kyunghyun , Yoo Suyoung , Nam Sang Ki , Sung Dougyong , Kim Byungjo
Published: May 2023

As semiconductor device structures become more complex and sophisticated, the formation of finer and deeper patterns is required. To achieve a higher yield for mass production as the number of process steps increases and process variables become more diverse, process optimization requires extensive engineering effort to meet the target process requirements, such as uniformity. In this study, we propose an efficient process design framework that can efficiently search for optimal process conditions by combining deep learning (DL) with plasma simulations. To establish the DL model, a dataset was created using a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid plasma equipment model code for an argon inductively coupled plasma system under a given process window. The DL model was implemented and trained using the dataset to learn the functional relationship between the process conditions and their consequential plasma states, which was characterized by 2D field data. The performance of the DL model was confirmed by comparison of the output with the ground truth, validating its high consistency. Moreover, the DL results provide a reasonable interpretation of the fundamental features of plasmas and show a good correlation with the experimental observations in terms of the measured etch rate characteristics. Using the designed DL, an extensive exploration of process variables was conducted to find the optimal processing condition using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm for the given objective functions of high etch rate and its uniform distribution. The obtained optimal candidates were evaluated and compared to other process conditions experimentally, demonstrating a fairly enhanced etch rate and uniformity at the same time. The proposed computational framework substantially reduced trial-and-error repetitions in tailoring process conditions from a practical perspective. Moreover, it will serve as an effective tool to narrow the processing window, particularly in the early stages of development for advanced equipment and processes.
Ginzburg–Landau surface energy of multiband superconductors: derivation and application to selected systems
Authors: Bekaert Jonas , Bringmans Levie , Milošević Milorad V
Published: May 2023

We determine the energy of an interface between a multiband superconducting and a normal half-space, in presence of an applied magnetic field, based on a multiband Ginzburg–Landau (GL) approach. We obtain that the multiband surface energy is fully determined by the critical temperature, electronic densities of states, and superconducting gap functions associated with the different band condensates. This furthermore yields an expression for the thermodynamic critical magnetic field, in presence of an arbitrary number of contributing bands. Subsequently, we investigate the sign of the surface energy as a function of material parameters, through numerical solution of the GL equations. Here, we consider two distinct cases: (i) standard multiband superconductors with attractive interactions, and (ii) a three-band superconductor with a chiral ground state with phase frustration, arising from repulsive interband interactions. Furthermore, we apply this approach to several prime examples of multiband superconductors, such as metallic hydrogen and MgB2, based on microscopic parameters obtained from first-principles calculations.
Multi-susceptible single-phased hexaferrite with significant magnetic switching properties by selectively doping
Authors: Ateia Ebtesam E , Rabie Obaida , Mohamed Amira T
Published: May 2023

An effective combustion technique is used to synthesize Sr0.8La0.2Fe12-xCuxO19 (x = 0,1) M-type strontium hexagonal ferrite nanoparticles (SHFNPs). The impact of La and La-Cu substitution on the structural, microstructural, and magnetic characteristics of SHFNPs is scrutinized. The samples are characterized using several experimental techniques, such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The obtained results reveal that the single lattice structure of the substituted strontium hexaferrite can be acquired by transforming Fe3+ to Fe2+ on the 2a site. Raman spectroscopy (RS) verifies the formation of all crystallographic sites of hexaferrite. The broadening of 4f2 and 12k peaks indicates the presence of disorder at the crystal sites resulting from the change in the chemical environment after doping with Cu2+ ions. FESEM images reveal flat hexagonal facets of the particle that signify the magneto-plumbite structure. The magnetic results provide high values of both intrinsic coercivity and (BH)max. The obtained data constitute good magnetic characteristics for perpetual magnet applications. Furthermore, the reduced coercivity of the Sr0.8La0.2Fe11CuO19 (SLCHF) sample with high magnetizations can be used to create microwave absorbing and data storage materials.
The dynamics of domain wall strings
Authors: Blanco-Pillado Jose J. , Jiménez-Aguilar Daniel , Queiruga Jose M. , Urrestilla Jon
Published: May 2023

We study the dynamics of domain wall solitons in (2+1)d field theories. These objects
are extended along one of the spatial directions, so they also behave as strings; hence the name
of domain wall strings. We show analytically and numerically that the amount of radiation from the
propagation of wiggles on these objects is negligible except for regions of high
curvature. Therefore, at low curvatures, the domain wall strings behave exactly as the Nambu-Goto
action predicts. We show this explicitly with the use of several different numerical experiments
of the evolution of these objects in a lattice. We then explore their dynamics in the presence of
internal mode excitations. We do this again by performing field theory simulations and identify an
effective action that captures the relevant interactions between the different degrees of freedom
living on the string. We uncover a new parametric resonance instability that transfers energy from
the internal mode to the position of the domain wall. We show that this instability accelerates
the radiation of the internal mode energy. We also explore the possibility of exciting the
internal mode of the soliton with the collision of wiggles on the domain wall. Our numerical
experiments indicate that this does not happen unless the wiggles have already a wavelength of the
order of the string thickness. Finally, we comment on the possible relevance of our findings to
cosmological networks of defects. We argue that our results cast some doubts on the significance
of the internal modes in cosmological applications beyond a brief transient period right after
their formation. This, however, should be further investigated using cosmological simulations of
our model.
Photons from dark photon solitons via parametric resonance
Authors: Amin Mustafa A. , Long Andrew J. , Schiappacasse Enrico D.
Published: May 2023

Wave-like dark matter made of spin-1 particles (dark photons) is expected to form ground
state clumps called “vector solitons”, which can have different polarizations. In this work, we
consider the interaction of dark photons with photons, expressed as dimension-6 operators, and
study the electromagnetic radiation that arises from an isolated vector soliton due to parametric
resonant amplification of the ambient electromagnetic field. We characterize the directional
dependence and polarization of the outgoing radiation, which depends on the operator as well as
the polarization state of the underlying vector soliton. We discuss the implications of this
radiation for the stability of solitons and as a possible channel for detecting mergers of vector
solitons through astrophysical observations.
Oscillating cosmic evolution and
constraints on big bang nucleosynthesis
in the extended Starobinsky model
Authors: Park Jubin , Yun Chae-min , Cheoun Myung-Ki , Jang Dukjae
Published: May 2023

We investigate the cosmic evolutions in the extended Starobinsky model (eSM) obtained by
adding one RabRab
term to the Starobinsky model. We discuss the possibility of various
cosmic evolutions with a special focus on the radiation-dominated era (RDE). Using simple
assumptions, a second-order non-linear differential equation describing the various cosmic
evolutions in the eSM is introduced. By solving this non-linear equation numerically, we show
that the various cosmic evolutions, such as the standard cosmic evolution (a ∝ t
1/2)
and a unique oscillating cosmic evolution, are feasible due to the effects of higher-order terms
introduced beyond Einstein's gravity. Furthermore, we consider big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN),
which is the most important observational result in the RDE, to constrain the free parameters of
the eSM. The primordial abundances of the light elements, such as 4He, D, 3He,
7Li, and 6Li by the cosmic evolutions are compared with the most recent observational
data. It turns out that most non-standard cosmic evolutions can not easily satisfy these BBN
constraints, but a free parameter of the viable models with the oscillating cosmic evolution is
shown to have an upper limit by the constraints. In particular, we find that the free parameter is
most sensitive to deuterium and 4He abundances, which are being precisely measured among other
elements. Therefore, more accurate measurements in the near future may enable us to distinguish
the eSM from the standard model as well as other models.
Efficient Fe:CdTe laser with an output energy of 350 mJ at room temperature
Authors: Antonov V A , Firsov K N , Gavrishchuk E M , Ikonnikov V B , Kononov I G , Kurashkin S V , Podlesnykh S V , Savin D V , Zhavoronkov N V
Published: May 2023

The record value of the output energy of Fe:CdTe laser, as well as the slope and total efficiency in terms of absorbed energy of 350 mJ, 57% and 42%, respectively, were obtained at the room temperature of the active element. An Fe:CdTe single crystal was pumped by a nonchain electric discharge deuterium fluoride laser operated in the spectral range of 3.6–4.06 μm. The pump pulse full duration at half maximum was 220 ns. The output energy of the Fe:CdTe laser was limited by the development of transverse parasitic oscillations for pump spot diameters on the crystal surface of more than 11 mm. A laser with a non-selective cavity generated in the ranges of 5.5–6.0 μm and 5.3–5.5 μm at the output mirror reflectances of 53% and 21%, respectively.
A practical protocol to emulate a reactor scenario on present machines, with application to the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak via predictive modeling
Authors: Fable E. , David P. , Kudlacek O. , Hopf C. , Sieglin B. , Stober J. , Treutterer W. , Weiland M. , Wu C. , Zohm H.
Published: May 2023

In this work, a novel practical strategy to emulate a reactor scenario on present tokamak experiments is presented. A recipe how to scale several relevant parameters from a hypothetical reactor scenario down to present devices is discussed. Equivalence between the energy flux channels is detailed, and the practical actuation scheme is presented. The application of the proposed protocol on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak is shown foremost using the virtual flight simulator Fenix, with practical experiments planned for future campaigns.
Revealing magnetic correlations in ferromagnetic alloys with polarized SANS
Authors: Adawi Hind , Bhattarai Shiva , Lussier Jean-Guy , Krycka Kathryn , Schroeder Almut
Published: May 2023

We search for magnetic correlations at the nanoscale in a ferromagnetic alloy with low critical temperature Tc
and reduced magnetic moments. We present a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of the binary alloy Ni0.89 V0.11 close to the quantum critical point where the ferromagnetic order is destroyed towards a paramagnetic phase by sufficient V concentration. We demonstrate the challenge and the advantage of a fully polarized SANS analysis to discriminate the small magnetic components from the dominant nuclear contributions. We focus on the azimuthal angle dependence of selected cross sections, like pure spin-flip and non spin-flip asymmetry, to finally reveal magnetic contributions at different length scales.
Neutron polarization analysis of the anisotropic spin wave excitations in multiferroic BiFeO3
Authors: Matsuda Masaaki , Dissanayake Sachith , Ito Toshimitsu
Published: May 2023

A multiferroic material BiFeO3 shows a cycloidal spin structure below 640 K. Anisotropy of the magnetic excitations below 6 meV was previously studied using neutron polarization analysis (Zhang et al. 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 144426). The magnetic excitations in and out of the cycloidal plane were separated and compared to those calculated based on the linear spin-wave theory. The overall feature of the observed excitations was found to be consistent with those calculated. Further polarized neutron study with extended energy range has been performed. The anisotropy of the magnetic excitations is present at least up to 15 meV. The out-of-plane mode is constantly more intense by ∼50% than the in-plane mode in the energy range between 3 and 15 meV. The anisotropic excitations in the wide energy range are unexpected since multiple in-plane and out-of-plane modes are mixed at higher energies and the excitations are expected to become more isotropic.
Micro in situ
3He Polarizer for Dimensional Extreme Magnetic Neutron Diffractometer at the High Flux Isotope Reactor
Authors: Jiang Chenyang , McDonald Landen , Cao Huibo , Balafas Matthew , Crow Lowell , Kroll Emily
Published: May 2023

A new micro in situ polarized 3He neutron spin filter has been custom built for use as a neutron polarizer on the Dimensional Extreme Magnetic Neutron Diffractometer (DEMAND) at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). The 3He is polarized via spin-exchange optical pumping with a high-power fiber-coupled laser. The 3He neutron spin filter polarizer is designed to be compact in size with the length along the neutron beam only 30 cm because of the limited space available on the beamline. The polarizer is used for the shorter wavelength neutrons (1.005 Å and 1.546 Å) at DEMAND. A 3 bar 3He cell was filled to provide enough opacity so that good neutron polarization can be attained. At DEMAND the polarizer is mounted on an Automated Polarizer Changeover system (APCS) enabling quick switching between polarized and unpolarized neutron diffraction.
A Polarization Tensor for Neutron Optics
Authors: Tosado Jacob
Published: May 2023

A rank 2 dimension 3 tensor formulation for polarized neutron transport in a magnetic field is derived. Using this formulation, the rotating magnetic field problem is revisited to produce a single 3 × 3 vector-transformation matrix that describes the polarization transport. That result is then used to fashion a new strategy for a numerical approximation of polarization transport in an arbitrary magnetic field using time-dependent perturbation theory.
Uncertainty analysis of future summer monsoon duration and area over East Asia using a multi-GCM/multi-RCM ensemble
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Min Seung-Ki , Ahn Joong-Bae , Cha Dong-Hyun , Shin Seok-Woo , Chang Eun-Chul , Suh Myoung-Seok , Byun Young-Hwa , Kim Jin-Uk
Published: May 2023

This study examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of the summer monsoon rainy season over East Asia using six regional climate models (RCMs) participating in the Coordinated Regional Domain Experiment (CORDEX) East Asia Phase II project. The framework combining multiple global climate models (GCMs) with multiple RCMs produces a larger spread in summer monsoon characteristics than driving GCMs only, enabling a better quantification of uncertainty factors. On average, the RCM simulations reproduce the observed summer monsoon duration and area better than the corresponding boundary GCMs, implying the added values of downscaling. Both the area and duration of the East Asian summer monsoon are projected to increase by the late 21st century, more strongly in high emission scenarios than in low emission scenarios, particularly in China. Different responses between scenarios, which indicate warming mitigation benefits, only become significant in the late 21st century due to large intersimulation uncertainties. Analysis of variance results show that uncertainty in future monsoon area and duration is larger between boundary GCMs than between RCMs over East Asia and its coastal subregions. A strong intersimulation relationship between RCMs and GCMs supports that boundary GCMs substantially diversify downscaled RCM projections through different climate sensitivities. Furthermore, the distinct subregional responses in future monsoon area and duration emphasize the importance of fine-resolution projections with appropriate uncertainty measures for better preparing region-specific adaptation plans.
Analysis of outlet temperature of parabolic trough collector solar water heater using machine learning techniques
Authors: Mohana N , Karunamurthy K , Suresh Isravel R
Published: May 2023

The green sources of energy are ocean, hydro, solar, tidal, wave, wind, biomass, etc. Among all these wind, solar and hydro are mainly used. Particularly, solar energy has various applications such as atmospheric energy balance studies, solar energy collecting systems, analysis of the thermal load on buildings, etc. Parabolic trough collector (PTC) based solar water heater (SWH) gains a significant role in water heating systems. Parabolic trough collector is a concentrating type collector which collects the solar radiation in copper tube placed in the focal point of the parabolic trough. It also generates a high temperature which is suitable for steam generation. The main goal of this paper is to predict the outlet temperature of parabolic trough collector solar water heater with time and temperature for different days using various machine learning techniques.
Corrosion behavior of Mg-1Sn anode for primary Magnesium batteries
Authors: Leo Francis A , Karudesh E , Surya R , Shivani S , Sreekanth D , Radha R
Published: May 2023

Mg alloys are promising materials for a variety of applications such as automobile, aerospace biomedical and energy storage, etc. Mg-1Sn alloys can be used as the anode for battery application. The corrosion characteristics of Mg-1Sn (wt. %) alloy are analyzed by electrochemical tests like Galvanostatic Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Tafel slope. Mg-x Sn (1 wt. %) alloys as an anode is newly fabricated using stir and squeeze cast technique for the research. This study analyzed and compared the corrosion behavior of Mg-1Sn (wt. %) alloys in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution with different immersion periods. An immersion test of Mg-Sn alloy was performed to access the corrosion rate by immersing the samples in NaCl Solution for the short duration of 60 minutes [ST] and 24 hours. Mg-1Sn (wt. %) alloy immersed for 24 hours in NaCl solution showed the better electrochemical performance compared to the sample immersed for 60 minutes (Rp[24 h] > Rp[ST], Icorr[24 h] < Icorr[ST], CR[24h] < CR[ST]). The improvement in the corrosion properties of Mg1Sn alloy under 24h of immersion is attributed to the formation of a protective oxide layer, thereby suppressing the transfer of chloride ions from the electrolyte solution.
Finite element method and P-delta analysis of G+10 multistorey frame building structure by using etabs software.
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Alam Parvej
Published: May 2023

Numerous techniques have been developed for the computation of approximate solutions to valuate complex boundary value problems and the Finite Element method is one of the advanced tools. In this investigation, an examination of a 3-d casing structure considering two different types of analysis i.e., F.E.M and P-delta investigation to recognize both utilizing examination methods. Taking one model and using the earthquake effect in x-direction only by using IS code 1893:2016 with seismic zone 3 then analysis it and show the result in the form of FEM. Then for another model taking the same IS code 1893:2016 and also use the effect of P-delta by IS 16700-2017 then analysis it and generate a result. Compare the both the cases result MS-excel in the form of bending moment, support reaction, storey shear and displacement and give the difference in the form of percentage. The combination load case 1 is taken as per IS 1893:2016 and for the combination load case two as per IS 16700:2017 and the result and conclusion are based on these codes which shows in the form of percentage. All the analysis process case one and case two are done in Etabs software v19.