bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GA3 and growing medium influence papaya seed germination and seedling growth
Authors: Hossain Farhad , Islam Nazrul , Ali Shahjahan , Kayes Amrul , Choudhury Shormin
Published: December 2023

The most crucial factor in producing papaya seedlings successfully is seed germination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of seed priming with growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya from October to December 2022. The experimental treatments included three seed priming treatments: T0 = control (no seed priming treatments), T1 = GA3 (100 ppm), and T2 = KNO3 (1%), and four growing media, viz., M1 = soil + vermicompost (1:1), M2 = soil + cowdung (1:1), M3 = soil + cocopeat + vermicompost (1:1:1), and M4 = soil + cocopeat + cowdung (1:1:1). The treatments showed a significant effect on different parameters such as germination percentage, days to germination, survival percentage, chlorophyll content, seed vigor index, shoot, and root length. GA3 treated seedlings performed better than non-GA3-treated seedlings. Among the growing media, M3 showed the best for seed germination and other growth attributes compared to other growing media. In terms of interaction effects, T1M3 showed the highest performance for germination percentage (84.33%), survival percentage (91.0%), and chlorophyll content (44.26%). T1M3 also showed the highest seed vigor index, shoot and root growth, and plant biomass. As a result, the combination of GA3 and growing media containing soil + cocopeat + vermicompost was shown to be the most favorable for papaya seed germination and seedling growth.
El compromiso ético de la investigación de la propia práctica en la formación de profesionales indígenas en la carrera de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana
Authors: Villagomez Rodriguez María Sol , Rivadeneira-Peñafiel Jessica Jazmin
Published: December 2023

El trabajo aborda desde el relato y sistematización de la experiencia recabada en los estudios existentes sobre la carrera de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) la reflexión sobre el compromiso ético de la investigación propia. Se inicia con un acercamiento al contexto del caso del proyecto educativo en análisis colocando especial atención en su origen y las vinculaciones de la propuesta formativa con las demandas y requerimientos de los pueblos indígenas para su propia educación.  A continuación, se identifican seis trabajos que en un lapso de 13 años, estudian la propuesta educativa y generan conocimiento en sus hallazgos que terminan constituyéndose en insumos para el mejoramiento del mismo proyecto estudiado. Desde la experiencia de la propia investigación, se reflexiona sobre el compromiso ético de la academia y la retroalimentación a la práctica.
DESIGN OF A VALIDATED HPTLC METHODOLOGY FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF LINOLEIC AND OLEANOLIC ACID IN ECLIPTA ALBA
Authors: CHAKRABORTY ARPAN , Chakraborty Manas , Mukhopadhyay Goutam , Bhattacharjee Arka , Mondal Baishakhi
Published: December 2023

Eclipta alba (Asteraceae Family) is a widely recognised medicinal plant found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is one of the plants that is most frequently utilised in traditional medical systems including Ayurveda, Sidha, homoeopathic, Unani, Chinese, and folk medicine. Many significant phytochemical components, including triterpenes, flavonoids, coumestans, steroids, saponins and polypeptides, are present in each portion of this medicinal plant. Several herbal and Ayurvedic formulations, like Indulekha Bringha oil and Liv.52 Gnx pill, contain Eclipta alba as a important therapeutic ingredient. The objective of the current work was to create a validated and consistent HPTLC technique for the simultaneous measurement of linoleic acid (LA) and oleanolic acid (OA) in E. alba. The procedure used Silica Gel 60 F254  as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate, toluene, and formic acid at a ratio of (4:7:0.2 v/v/v) as the mobile phase, which produced compact bands upon derivatization with anisaldehyde sulfuric acid. The correlation coefficient (r2) for the linear regression data for the standard linoleic and oleanolic acid calibration curves was 0.9966 and 0.9964, respectively, and it demonstrated a good linear relation over range of concentrations of 300-1500 ng/spot and 450-1600 ng/spot with respect to the area. Precision, accuracy, robustness, and selectivity of the approach were all assessed. LOD and LOQ for LA and OA, respectively, were measured to be 108.47 and 182.33 ng/spot and 258.30 and 327.54 ng/spot. We came to the conclusion that this approach, which uses HPTLC to quantify LA and OA, is effective, straightforward, accurate, and reproducible.
In vitro anthelmintic potential of leaf extracts of Amaranthus Tricolor Linn.
Authors: TRIPATHI MANJU , Adsul Vaishali B. , Khatiwora Eliza , Jadhav V. B.
Published: December 2023

The present study was designed to investigate the anthelmintic potential of Amaranthus tricolor Linn plant of Amaranthaceae family using acetone, ethyl acetate and ethanol as solvents. The extracts were screened for phytochemical constituents and evaluated for their vermicidal activity against adult Eisenia fetida earthworms. All the extracts were containing phytochemical, but comparatively, the acetone extract was showing strong presence of most of the phytochemicals and ethanol extract was containing lesser number of phytochemicals. Various concentrations (10–30 mg/ml) of each extract were studied in the bioassay, observing the time of paralysis and death of the earthworms. Albendazole was used as reference standard and normal saline as a control group. All extracts exhibited dose dependent anthelmintic activity in both the parameters (paralysis and death) and were showing more potency than the standard drug. The most promising activity was exhibited by the acetone extract (30 mg/ml) causing the paralysis within 5 minutes and death of worms within 13 minutes. The result suggests that the acetone extract of A. tricolor Linn plant may be useful as an anthelmintic. In the present study, the traditional use of this leafy vegetable as vermicides was proved scientifically and suggests that A. tricolor Linn plant leaves are valuable source of active compounds possessing anthelmintic activity. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation suggests the strong presence of glycosidic and phenolic substances in acetone extract may be responsible for its exceptional vermicidal activity. A further investigation is sought for the isolation and development of novel anthelmintic drug present in the plant. The data were verified as statistically significant by using one way ANOVA at 5 % level of significance (p < 0.05, n=3).
Aortopulmonary window: rare cardiopathy - case report
Authors:   Gessianni Souza, Souza Gessianni ,   Caio Delgado,   Helena Souza,   Rafaela Melo,   Yngra Almeida,   Luziene Santos,   Taiana Andrade, Delgado Caio , Souza Helena , Melo Rafaela , Almeida Yngra , Santos Luziene , Andrade Taiana
Published: December 2023

Aortopulmonary window is a congenital heart disease of low prevalence that results from anormalities in the septation of the commom arterial trunk. It is caracterized as a communication between the aorta and main pulmonary artery or its branches. This malformation resembles a large persistent ductus arteriosus. Clinical symptoms are related to pulmonary blood flow and the septal defect size. The aim of this paper is to report a case, inclunding his clinical presentation, the diagnostic work up, as well as the initial care at the emergency unit.
Conceptual analysis of the legal definitions of "sport citizenship" and "constitutional citizenship" (international legal aspects)
Authors: Paramuzova Ol'ga Gennad'evna , Yakovlev Dmitrii Andreevich
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the study of certain issues of international and domestic sports legal relations, and, above all, to the analysis of the concepts of "constitutional citizenship" and "sports citizenship". The issues of naturalization of athletes, compensation for the costs of their upbringing by the federation that naturalized them are very complicated. In the modern world, the role of sport in public relations continues to increase, which entails the need for high-quality legal regulation of this sphere of public relations. The study of the issues identified by the authors and the formulation of proposals with practical application is of particular relevance and, especially, in the context of the complication of these legal relations by the legally ambiguous geopolitical processes taking place in the interstate system. Through the methods of analysis, synthesis and a systematic approach, the process of studying normative legal acts and legal doctrines takes place. The use of the comparison method makes possible to assess the prospects of applying doctrinal judgments regarding the further codification of international law in the field of sports. The main conclusions of the study are the following: - currently there are significant gaps in the field of legal regulation of legal relations involving professional athletes; - in the field of national and international legal regulation of sports citizenship issues, there is a certain connection, as well as differences in the concepts of "constitutional citizenship" and "sports citizenship"; - it is necessary to implement a new codification of the norms of general international law, a more complete involvement of the mechanism of regional law-making; - a full and high-quality implementation of national rule-making activities in the field of sports legal relations, complicated by a foreign element, is required. The scientific novelty of the research consist in the fact that the authors of the article have made conceptual proposals that can be applied in real life during the implementation of the law enforcement process in the field of sports. Special emphasis was placed on the need to comply with the norms governing the issues of sports citizenship to modern realities, since mass migration in the world contributes to the growth of the number of people receiving new both constitutional and sports citizenship, which results in the events that we can observe in both the field of general state policy and in the field of professional sports.
Mediating Open & Distance e-Learning in the Advent of Global Crises
Authors:   University of South Africa, Letseka Moeketsi , Roberts Jennifer ,   University of South Africa, Morakinyo Akintolu ,   University of South Africa
Published: December 2023

This book is a collection of research essays written by presenters at the virtual ODeL conference which was held at the time of the pandemic lockdown. It provides a range of topical discussion centred around the academic field of distance learning, particularly as it accelerated into an online format, with short notice to prepare for this change in the mode of teaching. Research forms the cornerstone of an academic discipline and informs practice, and vice versa. The academic field of distance education has been acknowledged as a niche area for research on the African continent. This collection of essays takes the reader from an analysis of research levels and trends in South Africa and conceptualisation of Open distance and e-learning, to practioners’ reflections and the advancement of technology for teaching and learning. The diverse group of authors reflect the demographic of today’s researchers and spans a range of education focus areas, African countries and both experienced and emerging researchers. Each of these essays portrays a key aspect of open distance and e-learning education and offers challenges and opportunities for critical thinking and reflection. It is a snapshot of the research talent that is emerging from within Africa in the field of open distance and e-learning.
DETERMINATION OF WATER ACIVITY AND HUMIDITY IN SAMPLES OF NON-TOBACCO NICOTINE-CONTAINING ORAL NICOTINE PRODUCTS AFTER STORAGE FOR THREE MONTHS
Authors: Панков Н.А.
Published: December 2023

В статье приведены данные, полученные при исследовании нетабачной никотинсодержащей продукции орального потребления до и после хранения в различных условиях окружающей среды.

The article presents the data obtained in the study of non-tobacco nicotine-containing oral nicotine products before and after storage in different environmental conditions.
Dynamics of the postvaccinal humoral immune response in canids vaccinated against CDV
Authors: Ştefan Georgeta
Published: December 2023

Canine distemper disease, a viral disease that affects canids, domestic and wild, regardless of age, race and sex, is one of the frequent infectious diseases in this species, evolving seriously, with a fatal outcome. Vaccination schemes practiced in companion canids also include vaccination against this infection produced by the canine distemper virus (CDV). This study aims to monitor the titer of anti-CDV antibodies after vaccination, in order to evaluate the efficiency of post-vaccination immune response.
Biosecurity measures to prevent African swine fever in pig fattening farms
Authors: Balaban Adrian , Ştefan Georgeta
Published: December 2023

Biosecurity is ensured in a pig fattening farm by implementing a set of organizational and technical measures in order to prevent the introduction, persistence and spread of pathogens, as well as in order to protect animal and public health. This paper describes the main objectives of biosecurity in a pig fattening farm to prevent the risk of introducing and spreading of African swine fever.
Phytosulfokine Peptide Library: Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation on Protoplast Regeneration
Authors: van de Sande Jasper , Streefkerk Dieuwertje , Immink Richard , Fiers Martijn , Albada Bauke
Published: December 2023

Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a highly conserved plant peptide hormone (PPH) containing two sulfated tyrosine residues. PSK acts as a growth factor in Arabidopsis thaliana plant species and significantly improves the efficiency of cellular proliferation in plant cell culture, a process known as regenaration. However, many important plant species are recalcitrant under exposure to PSK and require e.g., artificially generated PPHs to boost regeneration. Here, we report the design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation of the regeneration capacity of a PSK-like peptide library. Our set of thirteen PSK analogues included N-terminal modifications, amino acid substitutions, incorporation of diastereomers, and backbone N-methylation. Insertion of the latter required solution-phase synthesis of the proper building block prior to solid-phase peptide synthesis. The biological activity of the PSK analogues was assessed in the regeneration capacity of Brassica oleracea cells (protoplasts). Most PSK analogues did not affect the regeneration capacity as compared to PSK. For example, when an alanine substitution was introduced and replaced either 2-Ile or 4-Thr, the bio-activity was fully abolished. However, 2-allo-Ile PSK and 4-Nme-Thr PSK showed increased activity in protoplast regeneration when compared with that of the native peptide. These findings indicated that introducing small chemical modifications in the PPH PSK provides opportunities for inducing protoplast regeneration in recalcitrant species.
High throughput identification of carbonyl compounds in natural organic matter by directional derivatization combined with ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Yu Shiyang , Tang Shanshan , Lv Jitao , Li Feifei , Huang Zichun , Zhao Lixia , Cao Dong , Wang Yawei
Published: December 2023

Carbonyl compounds are an important component of natural organic matter (NOM), widely distributed in atmosphere, water, soil and organisms. However, our understanding on the molecular composition of these carbonyl compounds is still limited due to the lack of efficient analytical method. Here, we developed a non-targeted screening method to high-throughput detect carbonyl molecules in complex NOM samples by combining chemical derivatization with electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS). The carbonyl molecules occupied high relative abundance (45%-70%) in six different types of dissolved organic matter (DOM) samples. Carbonyl molecules displayed lower unsaturation level, lower molecular weight, and higher oxidation degree compared to non-carbonyl molecules. More importantly, the measured abundances of carbonyl molecules showed a strong linear relationship with the results of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, suggesting the high reliability of the new method. Based on this method, we found that carbonyl molecules can be produced at DOM-ferrihydrite interface, thus playing a role in shaping the molecular diversity of DOM. This method has broad application prospects in screening carbonyl compounds from complex mixtures, and the same strategy can be used to directional identification of other functional molecules as well.
A Review on Prevalence, economic and Safety about over the counter drugs (OTC)
Authors: Harshitha Nanga , Naveena Bachu , Prapurna Chandra Y
Published: December 2023

This review article focuses on two main topics: the use and impact of over-the-counter (OTC) medications, and the management of osteoarthritis (OA). For OTC medications, the article highlights their increasing prevalence and economic significance from 2020 to 2023. The prevalence of OTC medication usage rose significantly from 37.7% in 2020 to 85.4% in 2023, with a similar upward trend in economic impact, reaching 79.6% in 2023. The safety of these medications is compared with other agents, particularly multivitamins, which are deemed safer and more effective. The article examines a variety of OTC medications including those for colds, allergies, digestive issues, pain, and more, concluding that in 2023, OTC medications are not only more commonly used but also carry significant economic weight. It critically reviews various treatment options, advocating for a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. This includes patient education, pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine, surgery, and physical therapy, among others. The article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, prevention, and a tailored treatment plan. It advocates for healthcare professionals to have a comprehensive understanding of OA management, stressing the importance of combining different therapies for optimal patient outcomes.
Mixed Contract in Russian Civil Law
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Baturina A.A.
Published: December 2023

The monograph examines the theory of mixed contracts, which includes their concept, features of legal regulation, classification and place in the system of civil contracts. Gaps in understanding the essence of the mixed contract and its elements have been filled. The functions of a mixed contract are revealed. The necessity of expanding the scope of application of the rules on mixed contracts to individual contracts named in the law is proved. The place of mixed contracts in the system of civil law is determined by carrying out its correlation with related legal structures.
On the DNA codes
Authors: Abdullah DERTLI  , Yasemin CENGELLENMIS
Published: December 2023

In this paper, by using three different methods, the DNA codes are obtained from some codes over a family of the rings $D_{i}=D_{1}\left[ w_{2},...,w_{i}\right]/\left\langle w_{i}^{2}-w_{i},w_{i}w_{j}-w_{j}w_{i}\right\rangle $, where $% i=2,...,r,j=1,2,...r$ and $D_{1}=F_{2}+uF_{2}+w_{1}(F_{2}+uF_{2}),u^{2}=0,w_{1}^{2}=w_{1},uw_{1}=w_{1}u, F_{2}=\{0,1\}$.
Antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria isolated from pangas (Pangasius
hypophthalmus) fish of the retail fish market of Gazipur, Bangladesh
Authors: Khan M. , Haque A. , Rahman M.M. , Paul S.I. , Shaha D.C. , Haque F. , Sarkar M.S.I. , Shah A.K.M.A.
Published: December 2023

Food safety associated with microbiological quality has become a critical issue
worldwide. The current study was undertaken to detect the health hazard microbes (Total
plate count, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and other pathogenic
bacteria) in pangas fish and their sensitivity against the antibiotic. Fresh pangas fish were
collected from different fish markets in Gazipur (Chowrasta, Shimultoli and Joydebpur
fish market) district of Bangladesh. Total plate count (TPC) of bacteria, E. coli, other
pathogenic bacteria and presence/absence test of Salmonella and V. cholerae were tested
and the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated bacteria was observed. The highest TPC
was 5.22 log10 CFU/g from Chowrasta fish market and the lowest was 4.795 log10 CFU/g
from Shimultoli fish market. Escherichia coli ranged from 2 log10 CFU/g (Chowrasta fish
market) to 2.698 log10 CFU/g (Shimultoli fish market). No Salmonella and V. cholerae
were found, E. coli was found in eight samples, Leclercia adecarboxylata (accession no.
MN625850, MN625851) was found in five samples, and Aeromonas caviae (accession
no.MN625853) were found in eight samples. Escherichia coli was found in pangas fish
collected from all markets, ranges were 2 log10 CFU/g (Chowrasta fish market) to 2.698
log10 CFU/g (Shimultoli fish market) and all of them were within the range of acceptable
limit. Seven antibiotics, namely ampicillin (25 µg/disc), gentamycin (10 µg/disc),
chloramphenicol (10 µg/disc), oxytetracycline (30 µg/ disc), nitrofurantoin (300 µg/ disc),
levofloxacin (5 µg/ disc), and ciprofloxacin (5 µg/disc) were used for antibiotic resistance
testing. Isolated bacteria mostly showed resistance toward ampicillin, and only two
isolates showed resistance to nitrofurantoin and oxytetracycline. The highest sensitivity
showed for ciprofloxacin. The results of the study indicated that pathogenic bacteria
present in retail pangas fish, and some are resistant to antibiotics and consumers in
Bangladesh are at risk for food safety. If proper handling is not followed, fish farmers and
people could face additional disease challenges due to the development of resistant
bacterial strains.
Implementation Service Quality on PKK Women in the Context of Preparing New Entrepreneurs at Social Responsibility Activity
Authors: Purwono Bambang Sugiyono Agus , Bernardus Denny , Basauli Damelina , Dewi Grace Citra , Dewi Liliana
Published: December 2023

Purpose:  The method used is "Project Based-Learning", meaning that training is carried out using theoretical methods and hands-on practice and using factor analysis.
 
Theoretical framework:  Women entrepreneurs are defined in general as women who have initiated a business, are actively involved in managing it, own at least 50 percent of the firm, and the business has been in operation one year or longer (Nixdorff, J. L., 2010); however, women entrepreneurs did not attract academic interest until the 1980s.
 
Design/Methodology/Approach:  The method used is "Project Based-Learning", meaning that training is carried out using theoretical methods and hands-on practice and using factor analysis.  Training on making souvenirs that are "selling" or in high demand on the market and is being carried out by PKK women in the context of preparing new entrepreneurs. The trainers for making souvenirs are trainers who have experience in making souvenirs from trinkets and “clay.” The number of participants increased from ten (10) people to 30 PKK women.
 
Findings:  The research results are the participants were very enthusiastic to take part in this activity. This activity of making souvenirs has never been done, so it is a new thing and it is hoped that it can be marketed at an adequate price for souvenirs for domestic and foreign tourists and for events. The six variables include: entrepreneur, reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness reduced to three factors and known as Physical assets, Competent, and Empathy.
 
Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest a future research agenda and highlight the contributions made to the major and executive staff of Malang City.
 
Originality/Value: The results indicate that the number of participants (trainers/PKK women) is increasing, and the neighboorhood coordinator supported this activity also trainers want to propose another topic about marketing management.
Job cuts at NIWA Lauder: World-class science canned
Authors: Editors
Published: December 2023

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Dr Barbara Louise Ryan (1930-2012)
Authors: Editors
Published: December 2023

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Care of Children Act 2004: Continuation of Cultural Assimilation
Authors: Cleland Alison
Published: December 2023

This article argues that the cultural assimilation of Māori family forms, originating in colonial private family laws, continues under the Care of Children Act 2004 (COCA). It finds that the opportunity to draft a law that was respectful of tikanga Māori and te Tiriti o Waitangi was lost when legislators ignored all the critiques of the operating principles and processes of the Pākehā legal system, provided by Māori during the 1980s and 1990s. The article argues that cultural assimilation continues through court decisions, since COCA principles require priority to be given to parents, with a corresponding marginalisation of whānau, hapū and iwi. The article concludes that incremental reform would be unlikely to achieve legislation that is fit for a bicultural Aotearoa New Zealand. It advocates for a transformational Māori-led family law reform process, guided by te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and by tikanga Māori.
Sovereign Encounters
Authors: Colón-Ríos Joel I
Published: December 2023

In this article, which is an edited version of my inaugural lecture at Te Herenga Waka – Victoria University of Wellington, I argue that the concept of sovereignty is crucial to understanding one of the main questions of constitutional theory: how can constitutions facilitate self-government and, at the same time, function as mechanisms for the limitation of political power? I do so by re-examining four different ways in which I have encountered the concept of sovereignty through my academic work.
Catholic Canon Law and Homosexuality: An Assessment of the Natural Law Justification for Homosexual Intolerance
Authors: Jagose Rusi
Published: December 2023

The Catholic Church is a global power capable of influencing the development of domestic law in multiple jurisdictions. This influence can be obvious, such as where politicians vote according to a religiously formed conscience. The influence of the Church can also be more subtle. At the heart of several social conventions is a collection of traditional societal norms that originated within the boundaries of the Catholic canon law. In many states these conventions have developed naturally due to advancements in modern philosophical and scientific thought. However, in states with strong Catholic or Christian traditions, societal development is prone to stagnation due to conflicts between the official canons, the more liberal canons and societal development. One example where this conflict is most obvious is the canon law surrounding homosexuality. The official position of the canon law is conservative. Homosexuality is treated as a disease-like condition requiring strict abstinence to achieve spiritual enlightenment. The foundation for this position derives from natural law theory. Natural law theorists repel suggestions for reform based upon the idea that the rules stemming from natural law theory are either divine in origin or are articulations of naturally existing goods. I make the appraisal that the natural law foundation to the conservative position collapses when the true historical origins and motivations for the traditional position are revealed. When the origins of the canon law are no longer regarded as "divine in nature", the law can be more receptive to societal development.
Application Strategies of Transparent Design in Architectural Design
Authors: Liu Yajuan
Published: December 2023

Transparent design is a reverse space processing method in architectural design that involves partially or completely removing the original division of space, thereby making the entire space more diverse. The application of transparent design methods mainly includes the processing of two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces, and it involves aspects like building entities, design spaces, design materials, and building structures. Transparent design is a popular form of modern architectural design. It transforms the space and reflects the beauty of the space, allowing light, sight, and air to freely blend throughout the space. At the same time, architectural design is also consistent with the idea of “form follows function” advocated by contemporary architecture, so it has been gradually growing in popularity in architectural design. This article presents a detailed analysis of transparent design, including the types of transparent design, structural model design in transparent design, and the application strategies of transparent design in architecture.
The Role of Fluency in Taking Pauses while Reading Aloud and During Spontaneous Speech
Authors: Saleem Shahneela
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the concept of pause patterns is analyzed within two aspects of speech, namely reading aloud and spontaneous speech. While reading aloud, much of the planning gets done by the speaker in preparing the text. As a result, the speaker becomes more fluent and does not need to take pauses (except at grammatical junctures). However, during spontaneous speech, pauses are much longer than reading and often more frequent because of hesitation aloud which results in disfluencies, false starts, repetition, and so on. This study explores the pause patterns in reading and spontaneous speech. The participants of this study consisted of 8 undergraduate students at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology. Data was collected through recording the students reading aloud and giving spontaneous speeches. The collected data was then analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that there is not much difference in the pattern of pauses while reading aloud and during spontaneous speech for those who are fluent in English.
Marginal Characters in the Post-Colonial Era: Mental Disorientation and Resistance of the Female Characters in Little Fires Everywhere
Authors: Yang Xin
Published: December 2023

Celeste Ng’s work Little Fires Everywhere has garnered many good reviews. In this novel, three oppressed women (Elena, Mia, and Bebe Chow) and two images of rebels (Mia and Izzy) were created. Based on Chandra Talpade Mohanty’s postcolonial feminism and the conception of “marginal characters,” this article discusses some social issues presented in Little Fires Everywhere such as social inequality, racial conflicts, and the difference between ideals and reality. This review focuses on the mental disorientation and resistance experienced by marginalized characters. It examines their behaviors and explores strategies for these characters to establish their identity, gain acceptance from others, and attain true equality.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Community Internship of Students Who Received Free Medical Training
Authors: Huang Zhuan , Li Yaodong , Sun Ju , Ma Lina , Wang Min , Wang Li , Xu Rui
Published: December 2023

Objective: To understand the profession, the purpose of community internship, the mastery of general medicine theory, and the factors affecting community internship among students receiving free medical training (hereinafter referred to as the free medical students). Methods: Taking medical students of a particular school in 2012, 2013, and 2014 as the survey subjects, electronic questionnaires were issued using the “Star Questionnaire” platform. Results: A total of 225 electronic questionnaires were collected. Univariate and linear regression analyses were conducted on the basic understanding of the profession and community internship. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was also conducted to analyze the factors affecting community internships of free medical students. In terms of mastery of general medicine theory, 35.56% of the students mastered medical history collection and case writing skills. The understanding and mastery of clinical diagnosis and treatment methods, basic principles of general medicine, service models, and family-based management are relatively low, with percentages of 14.67%, 13.78%, and 12.89%, respectively. Conclusion: In the training of general medical students, it is important to provide strong guidance for their career planning. This will help them gain a better understanding and appreciation of the field of general medicine. Additionally, increasing their awareness of the role of general practitioners in the community is crucial. The focus of their training should be on developing clinical diagnosis and treatment skills, as well as fostering a patient-centered approach to healthcare.
Challenges and Innovations in Implementing Sustainable Supply Chain Smart Manufacturing in the Metal Recycling Industry
Authors: Wang Fengyan , Hou Ziyu , Huang Hanzhu , Juanatas Ronaldo , Niguidula Jasmin
Published: December 2023

Recently, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly launched the common chain action for integrating and developing the industrial chain of central enterprises (referred to as the common chain action). The government has actively taken measures to promote the modernization of industrial and supply chains, with digital intelligence empowerment becoming a key driving force. In this context, metal recycling companies face new challenges and opportunities in supply chain construction. This paper aims to deeply explore how digital intelligence empowerment affects the supply chain of recycled metal companies, as well as the difficulties faced and innovative solutions.
Fostering Optimal Supply-Demand Dynamics in Preventive Medicine Employment: A Case Study of Collaborative Initiatives between Colleges and Organizations, Illustrated by Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine
Authors: Lu Yunlv
Published: December 2023

The increasing health demands of the population and the global rise in epidemic outbreaks present novel challenges for both preventive medicine research and public health practices. Recognizing the significance of cultivating talent in preventive medicine, the government places considerable emphasis on this endeavor. With nearly 10,000 preventive medicine graduates entering the workforce annually from various universities and colleges nationwide, the alignment of their employment with societal needs becomes a crucial focal point in nurturing these talents. Over the past three years, the author has conducted pertinent research on preventive medicine graduates from Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine. This research aims to propose a strategy for developing a high-impact, well-aligned supply-demand employment mechanism for preventive medicine graduates. The proposed approach centers on fostering collaboration between educational institutions and organizations to ensure an optimal match between the skills of graduates and the requirements of the broader society.
International Mirror and Chinese Path: Research on the Promotion Path of Zhangjiakou Sports Culture Tourism Brand in the Post-Winter Olympics Era
Authors: Wu Jun-xia , Ruan Fei , Wu Zhi-min
Published: December 2023

As a significant component of the Winter Olympics legacy, the exploration of the global sports culture tourism industry, with a focus on ice and snow culture tourism, and the sustainable development trajectory of the brand in the post-Winter Olympics era, has become pivotal in creating a “business card” tourism destination or distinctive regional tourism brand for Zhangjiakou. This is crucial for the ongoing development of Zhangjiakou’s ice and snow tourism and sports culture tourism brand in the post-Winter Olympics era. To gain insights, three cities with a geographical location similar to Zhangjiakou were chosen as Winter Olympics hosts, and the author analyzed the experiences of their internationalization development. Building upon this comparative analysis, the author presents recommendations for the development of sports culture tourism brands in Zhangjiakou in the post-Winter Olympics era, taking into account the specific circumstances of the region. The research highlights the following key points: leveraging Winter Olympics characteristic resources to enhance brand quality and recognition, harnessing regional advantageous resources to augment overall brand competitiveness, utilizing regional characteristics to enrich brand cultural connotation and appeal, and leveraging digital intelligence technology to bolster brand technological sophistication and communication.
Hopes and Realities: Local Perspectives on Participation in Community-Based Tourism
Authors: Mmeko Goitsemang , Molosi-France Keneilwe , Dipholo Kenneth
Published: December 2023

Tourism development has been promoted as an alternative major source of income for countries and local communities. This perspective has further underscored local communities as critical stakeholders in tourism development. As such, community-based tourism gained momentum as a viable community participation approach for sustainable tourism development. However, even though community participation is said to be critical in sustainable tourism development, relatively little is known about how locals perceive community-based tourism as an alternative for sustainable livelihood, let alone the kind of local participation expected. The purpose of this article is to determine how the Mmadinare community in Botswana perceives community-based tourism and their own participation. The radical empowerment theory provides a theoretical framework. A qualitative multiple-case study approach using semi-structured interviews and focus groups was applied to gather data. The findings suggest that, in reality, community participation in tourism initiatives remains a challenge attributed to the lack of funding, a lack of capacity building, the limited involvement in decision-making platforms, the low awareness level of tourism development, and an unsuitable policy framework.
Новый несимметричный иминофосфонамидный лиганд и комплекс иттрия с ним: синтез и кристаллическая структура
Authors: Синица Д.К. , Сухих Т.С. , Пушкаревский Н.А. , Конченко С.Н.
Published: December 2023

По реакции Pbt-NHPPh2 и MesN3 (Pbt = 2-(бензотиазол-2-ил)фенил; Mes = мезитил) был синтезирован несимметричный аминоиминофосфоран Ph2P(NHPbt)(=NMes) (HL), который в дальнейшем был использован для синтеза комплекса [Y(L)Cl2(Thf)] (1) (Thf = тетрагидрофуран, ТГФ). Соединения выделены в виде кристаллических фаз HL, HLꞏ0.5PhMe, 1 и 1ꞏPhMe и охарактеризованы методами РСА, ЯМР- и ИК-спектроскопии. В HL присутствует водородная связь между атомом водорода NH группы, связанной с Pbt, и атомом азота гетероцикла. В комплексе 1 все три атома азота лиганда координированы к катиону иттрия, с образованием плоской структуры хелатных циклов. Как в HL, так и в комплексе 1 наблюдается π-стэкинг между ароматическими фрагментами молекул.
Reproductive performance of snakehead fish (Channa striata) induced by oodev hormone
Authors: Delia Rievika Nur , Nuraini Nuraini , Aryani Netti , Heltonika Benny
Published: December 2023

Snakehead fish is a fish that has a high level of consumption and has many benefits in the health sector, but cultivation activities have not been carried out intensively because of the availability of snakehead fish which still utilizes catches from nature. In cultivation activities, the use of hormones is commonly used, one of which is used to support reproductive performance. One of them is the Oodev hormone, so this study aimed to determine the effect of Oodev with different doses on the final gonad maturation of snakehead fish. The research method used was a completely randomized design experiment with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were P0 (Oodev 0 mL/kg), P1 (Oodev 0.5 mL/kg), P2 (Oodev 1 mL/kg), P3 (Oodev 1.5 mL/kg). Oodev injections were carried out on TKG II fish at an interval of every 7 days. During maintenance, the fish were fed golden snails and small fish 2 times a day. The result of the research showed that Oodev is significant in the gonad maturation of common snakehead. The treatment P3 injection dose of 1.5 mL/kg with maturation gonad time for 16 days, ovi somatic index 4.26%, egg diameter increases of 0.113 mm, fertilization rate 91.43%, hatching rate 90.96. It was concluded that the Oodev injection had a significant effect on the gonad maturity of snakehead fish (P<0.05) in the P3 treatment (Oodev 1.5 mL/kg).Keywords: Channa striata; Dose; Gonad maturation; Hormone; Oodev
Identification of marine debris at Avicennia mangrove root in Pangandaran Beach, West Java
Authors: Chotimah Liana Chusnul , MS Yuniarti , Andriani Yuli , Faizal Ibnu , Prasetiawan Nanda Radhitia
Published: December 2023

This research was carried out in Pangandaran Regency, specifically in the Batukaras, Nusawiru, and Bojongsalawe areas, in March–April 2022. This research to determine the characteristics of Avicennia type mangroves, habitat characteristics, and the ability of Avicennia type mangrove roots to trap debris. The method used is the Line Transect (LT) method. The results obtained from research on the characteristics of this type of Avicennia mangrove include that the circumference of mangrove roots ranges from 2–24 cm, the height of mangrove roots ranges from 3-83 cm, and the number of mangrove roots ranges from 925–2988 roots. The wider the area, the more debris you will find. Based on the results of the calculation of the characteristics of the Avicennia-type mangrove habitat in Pangandaran, it is in a good range. The calculations include salinity in the range of 15–22 ppt, a temperature of 32–34 °C, a pH value of 7,6–8, and DO (dissolved oxygen) of 4–4,5 mg/L. The trapping of waste in the Avicennia root area is categorized as strong. So the denser the mangrove roots are, the density of debris will increase. This is proven by the large amount of debris found in Batukaras.Keywords: Avicennia mangrove; Characteristics, Category, Density, Marine debris; Type.
أثر تطبيق تقنية التكاليف على أساس الانشطة الموجّهة بالوقت TD – ABC في تخفيض تكاليف المنتج (( دراسة تطبيقية في شركة فيض القسيم للصناعات المعدنية / النجف الاشرف ))
Authors: Jabir Hasan , Atta Haider
Published: December 2023

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة تقنية (TD-ABC) وتحليلها ،والتعرّف على دور هذه التقنية في تخصيص التكاليف الصناعية غير المباشرة للوحدة الاقتصادية بشكل عادل ،ما يُسهِم في تخفيض تكاليف المنتجات. إنّ مشكلة هذه البحث تتَمّحور حول الإجابة على السؤال الآتي : هل يُسهم تطبيق تقنية التكاليف على أساس النشاط الموجّه بالوقت في معالجة اوجه القصور في أنظمة التكُلّفة التقليدية ،وتحسين قيمة المنتجات ، وكذلك يسهم تطبيق (TD-ABC) في التخصيص المناسب للتكاليف والوظائف المكّونة للمُنتَج ،ومعرفة مساهمة هذه التقنية في خفض التكاليف عند تطبيقهما .لقد اختار الباحث شركة فيض القسيم للصناعات المعدنية والكائنة في النجف الاشرف، وهي شركة تابعة للعتبة العلوية المقدّسة وللدولة ،إذْ إنّ الحصّة الأكبر للعتبة بواقع ( 75 % ) من رأسمالها محلّا للبحث ،لما لهذه الشركة من أهمّية كبيرة في رفد السوق المحلّية بالمنتجات المعدنية ( كالسخانات والمبردات الهوائية والدكتات والكيربي ) .وتَمّ تطبيق متغيّرات البحث المستقلّة على منتج المبردة الهوائية 2.5 قدم، وما تعانيه هذه الشركة من ارتفاع في التكاليف، بسبب :استعمالها لتقنيات تكاليف تقليدية، ورغبة المسؤولين في تطوير نظام تكاليف الشركة والنهوض بواقعها الإنتاجي ،لكي تتَمّكّن من المنافسة مع باقي المنتجات الأخرى . توصّل البحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات .والتي من اهمّها هي أنّ تقنية TD ABC تستطيع قياس الطاقة المستغلة وتحليلها والاستفادة منها ،وتحقيق العدالة في تخصيص التكاليف على أنشطة الوحدة الاقتصادية واستبعاد الطاقة غير المستغلة . إنّ أكثر ما يعتَمّد علية في تطبيق تقنية TD ABC هو الوقت، ويمثّل الوقت عاملاً أساسياً من عوامل النجاح في الوحدة لاقتصادية .
The impact of dividends on stock prices for the period (2016-2021) (Ashur International Investment Bank) A case study
Authors: Ali Rusul , Mohammed Iftikhar
Published: December 2023

The research aims to analyze the relationship between dividends and stock prices based on some financial indicators specific to the study sample, namely (earnings per share, dividend payout ratio, market value of the stock to return with growth) and their impact on Ashur International Investment Bank share prices. The research found that there is a direct relationship between undistributed profits and the share of dividends per share, and an inverse relationship between the share of dividends per share and the number of shares traded. The research recommended the need to develop trading, clearing and settlement systems using electronic trading systems to raise the efficiency and speed of dealing in securities and increase transparency. And security for dealers, and the introduction of the remote trading service in order to enable brokerage institutions to complete transactions from their offices without the need for the presence of their representatives in the market.
آلية الانّتقال من موازنة البنود إلى موازنة البرامج والأداء "انموذج مقترح لجامعة سومر"
Authors: Salman Sarmad , Abdulhasan Mohammed , Kamil Anas
Published: December 2023

يُعدّ استعمال التمويل والنفقات التي تعتمد على أساس تحقيق الأهداف والبرامج والأنّشطة المطلوب تحقيقها، التي تستند على الأداء مهمّ جدا, إذْ ارتفع بشكل كبير في المرحلة الأخيرة ولاسيّما في وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي والتي تعتمد بشكل كبير على مؤشّرات الأداء من أجل تنفيذ موازنة البرامج والأداء , ومن خلال البحث ذكرت مجموعة كبيرة من مؤشّرات الأداء التي يمكن من خلالها تنفيذ موازنة البرامج والأداء , ويهدف البحث إلى التعرّف على آلية تطبيق موازنة البرامج والأداء في وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي / جامعة سومر وما الصعوبات والمحدّدات التي تواجه تطبيق هذه الموازنة , وما تأثير هذه الموازنة على جودة التعليم العالي .وركّز البحث على تطوير أسلوب إعداد الموازنة في العراق وفي جامعة سومر لاسيّما للتخلص من المشاكل والانّتقادات التي تواجهها موازنة البنود وذلك عن طريق التحوّل من موازنة البنود إلى موازنة البرامج والأداء. وقد توصّل الباحثون إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات كان من أهمّها اثبات فرضيات البحث بإمكانية تطبيق موازنة البرامج والأداء في وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي , والاهتمام بتغيير الهيكل التنظيمي في وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي بشكل يتلاءم مع المتطلّبات والظروف البيئية وهذا ما تحتاجه موازنة البرامج والأداء . التوصيات التي توصّل لها الباحثون من أهمّها: أنّ من الضروري إعادة النظر في التشريعات والإجراءات التي تنظم عمل الموازنة العامّة وبصورة وشكل يسمح بتطبيق موازنة البرامج والأداء والزام الوحدات الحكومية غير الهادفة للربح إلى التحوّل إلى هذا الأسلوب من الموازنات من خلال تشريع قوانين وأنظمة تحث على ذلك من خلال تقديم طلب من قبل وزارة التعليم لاعتماد موازنة البرامج والأداء والحصول على تخويل لإعداد قوانين وتشريعات لتطبيقها.
Is ethics evaporating in the cyber era?
Authors: M. Ronchi Alfredo
Published: December 2023

In continuation to the Part 1 published in this volume, this part discusses the oversupply of information and approaches the concerning rights we are alienating to enjoy digital technology. Instead of using the Internet as space for free exchange of ideas, it is being used as a tool for supervision, management, and control. There is an increasing merger of artificial intelligence and machine learning in any sector for analysing, optimizing, and even framing humans. Our digital “buddies” take note of our everyday life, our itinerary, our health parameters, our messages and our content. Big data centres, computer farms are the new “caveau” (Bank Vault) full of “our” data.