bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Frac-Pack Design and Completion Procedures for High-Permeability Gas Wells in Subsea Service
Authors: Pandey V. J. , Burton R. C. , Nozaki M..
Published: May 2015

Frac-pack techniques were used in a recent subsea well-completion campaign. The sandstone layers that were targeted for completion are present generally in shallow gas reservoirs, with depths ranging from 2,000- to 4,500-ft (609.60- to 1371.60-m) true vertical depth subsea, and exhibit a varying degree of consolidation. Core data show that deeper pay intervals predominantly comprise fine-grained, poorly consolidated sandstones with good porosity development and permeabilities in the range of 100 to more than 1,000 md. These sand layers are often separated by shales and claystones. In contrast, the targeted sandstone layers in shallower intervals consist mostly of more-consolidated rock, with lower permeabilities in the range of 5 to 50 md. Up to eight sand intervals are targeted in each well.

The subsea environment posed a challenge for well-completion design because of the multilayered completion strategy that was required to drain several of the pay units effectively in each well. Multizone frac-pack completions consisting of isolation packers and sand-control screens with separate pumping and production sleeves were used to provide sand control. An inner string of additional isolation seals, gauges, and intelligent control valves was run to provide zone-specific monitoring and production control.

The initial well-completion work resulted in high skin values during production. A review of the post-stimulation data helped to identify the shortcomings in the designs and completion procedures. As a result, changes were made in the completion procedures, and frac-pack designs were tailored to suit the purposes. When these changes were implemented in subsequent wells, an improvement in well performance was seen, mostly in the form of reduced skin.

This paper details this evolution, including favorable modification of completion procedures and the changes in pump schedule, treatment planning, and delivery methods during the frac-pack campaign. The benefit of adopting such an approach through the use of the methods and techniques implemented in this campaign can be applied to similar fields under development.
Heavy-Oil Recovery by Combined Hot Water and Alkali/Cosolvent/Polymer Flooding
Authors: Tagavifar M.. , Fortenberry R.. , de Rouffignac E.. , Sepehrnoori K.. , Pope G. A.
Published: May 2015

A hybrid process is developed and optimized for heavy-oil recovery that combines moderate reservoir heating and chemical enhanced oil recovery in the form of alkali/cosolvent/polymer flood. The process is simulated by use of a model derived from existing laboratory and pilot data of a 5,000-cp heavy-oil field. It is found that hot waterflooding is efficient in heating the reservoir only when high early injectivity is achievable. This may not be the case if incipient fluid injectivity is low and/or long, continuous, horizontal shale baffles are present. To remedy the former, an electrical-preheating period is devised, whereas switching to a horizontal flood could overcome the latter. Once the reservoir temperature is raised sufficiently, a moderately unstable alkali/cosolvent/polymer flood is capable of mobilizing and displacing oil. A best combined strategy for efficient reservoir heating, high oil recovery, and cost effectiveness is found to involve reducing the oil viscosity to values of approximately 300–500 cp and combining a degree of mobility control and low interfacial tension as recovery mechanisms.
Novel Analytical Core-Sample Analysis Indicates Higher Gas Content in Shale-Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed A. , Javadpour Farzam , Michael G. Eric
Published: May 2015

Accurate estimation of gas content in shale-gas reservoirs is challenging. Gas-evolution data from retrieved core samples are used to estimate gas content in shale-gas reservoirs. Current data analysis was developed for coalbed methane (CBM) which only accounts for sorbed gas. The CBM method underestimates gas content for the shale core samples because it neglects free gas in nanopores. In this study, we present a rigorous mathematical model to model temporal gas-volume release from the surrounding and top/bottom surfaces of a nanoporous core. Our model accounts for both gas expansion and desorption. With the model, we first match gas-evolution data to determine average core pressure. Then, we calculate the amount of the free and sorbed gas in the core at reservoir condition. With our novel model, we estimated gas content at reservoir condition in many tested core samples to be much higher than values reported on the basis of traditional analysis.
Predictors of preoperative MRI for breast cancer: differences by data source
Authors: Loggers Elizabeth T , Gao Hongyuan , Gold Laura S , Kessler Larry , Etzioni Ruth , Buist Diana SM ,   ADVICE Investigators
Published: May 2015

Aim:
Investigate how the results of predictive models of preoperative MRI for breast cancer change based on available data.
Materials & methods:
A total of 1919 insured women aged ≥18 with stage 0–III breast cancer diagnosed 2002–2009. Four models were compared using nested multivariable logistic, backwards stepwise regression; model fit was assessed via area under the curve (AUC), R
2
.
Results:
MRI recipients (n = 245) were more recently diagnosed, younger, less comorbid, with higher stage disease. Significant variables included: Model 1/Claims (AUC = 0.76, R
2
= 0.10): year, age, location, income; Model 2/Cancer Registry (AUC = 0.78, R
2
= 0.12): stage, breast density, imaging indication; Model 3/Medical Record (AUC = 0.80, R
2
= 0.13): radiologic recommendations; Model 4/Risk Factor Survey (AUC = 0.81, R
2
= 0.14): procedure count.
Conclusion:
Clinical variables accounted for little of the observed variability compared with claims data.
Value of a small control group for estimating intervention effectiveness: results from simulations of immunization effectiveness studies
Authors: Hutchins Sonja S , Brown Cedric , Mayberry Robert , Sollecito William
Published: May 2015

Aim:
To improve evidence for public health practice, the conduct of effectiveness studies by practitioners is needed and may be stimulated if knowledge that smaller than usual samples may provide the same reliability of intervention effect size as larger samples.
Materials & methods:
We examined reliability of intervention effect using computerized simulations of 2000 hypothetical immunization effectiveness studies from an actual study population and by small (30 and 60) and larger (100 and 200) control groups compared with an intervention group of 200 participants.
Results & conclusion:
Across simulated studies, the mean intervention effect (14%) and effect sizes were equivalent regardless of control group size and equal to the actual study effect. These results are relevant for similarly designed and executed studies and indicate that studies with smaller control groups can generate valid and accurate evidence for effective public health practice in communities.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base materials modified with ditetrahydrofurfuryl itaconate: Significant applicative properties
Authors: Spasojevic Pavle , Panic Vesna , Seslija Sanja , Nikolic Vladimir , Popovic Ivanka , Velickovic Sava
Published: May 2015

The aim of this work was to examine the possibility of modification of
commercial denture base materials with itaconic acid esters, in order to
obtain material with less toxicity and higher biocompatibility. Despite their
relatively higher price compared to methacrylates, itaconic acid and
itaconates are materials of choice for environmentally friendly applications,
because they are not produced from petrochemical sources, but from plants.
Commercial system based on poly(methyl methacrylate) was modified using
ditetrahydrofurfuryl itaconate (DTHFI), wherein the ratio of DTHFI was varied
from 2.5 to 10% by weight. Copolymerization was confirmed using FTIR
spectroscopy, while SEM analysis showed the absence of micro defects and
pores in the structure. The effect of the itaconate content on the absorption
of fluids, the residual monomer content, thermal, dynamic-mechanical and
mechanical properties (hardness, toughness, stress and elongation at break)
was investigated. It was found that the addition of DTHFI significantly
reduced the amount of residual methyl methacrylate, what made these materials
less toxic. It was shown that the increase in DTHFI content gave materials
with decreased glass transition temperature, as well as with decreased
storage modulus, ultimate tensile strength and impact fracture resistance,
however mechanical properties were in the rang prescribed by ADA standards,
and can be used in practice. The deterioration of mechanical properties was
therefore worth losing in order to gain lesser toxicity of the leached
monomer.
Effect of transition metal cations on commensurate freezing of n-hexane confined in micropores of ZSM-5
Authors: Hercigonja Radmila , Rac Vladislav , Rakic Vesna , Auroux Aline
Published: May 2015

Besides its importance concerning fundamental studies on gas adsorption in
narrow pores, investigation of commensurate freezing of fluid within the
zeolite is of practical importance in application of zeolite in the process
of adsorption, separation and catalysis. In this work the adsorption of
n-hexane on HZSM-5 and its transition metal ion-exchanged modified forms was
studied at 303 K by means of microcalorimetry. The thermal molar entropies of
adsorption were calculated and thus, the freezing like behaviour of n-hexane
inside the structure of zeolite as a confinement media was noticed. This
effect is governed by the attractive interactions between n-hexane molecules
and the pore walls, and is also influenced by the length of the pores and the
nature of charge-balancing cations. Among the investigated zeolites, solid
like phase of n-hexane in the pores of zeolites with Fe2+ ions is the most
like a solid n-hexane bulk, while the presence of Cu2+ ions contribute to the
lowest ordering obtained solid like phase of n-hexane.
Alkylating ability of carbohydrate oxetanes: Practical synthesis of bolaform skeleton derivative
Authors: Hadzic Pavle , Popsavin Mirjana , Borozan Suncica
Published: May 2015

Alkylating ability of oxetane ring in carbohydrate structure was investigated
and flexible method for bolaform amphiplile skeleton construction with
xylose as polar heads is proposed. The method is based on oxetane ring
opening in easily accessible 3,5-anhydro-1,2-O-cyclohexylidenexylofuranose
(1). One step nitrogen alkylation in terminal diamines with 1 gave basic
cationic bolaform skeleton with xylose as potential polar heads and
deliberately chosen length of non polar spacer. Under similar experimental
conditions, but with appropriate molar ratio of alkylating agent, alkylation
reaction provide for selective monoalkylation of diamines. Successful
alkylation in xanthine series (theophylline) was also achieved with 1,
giving a new 5-deoxy-5-(7?-theophyllineamino)-?-D-xylofuranose derivative.
The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale: Psychometric Properties and Form Equivalence
Authors: Ross Thomas P. , Ross Lisa Thomson , Short Stephen D. , Cataldo Shayla
Published: May 2015

This study examined the psychometric equivalence of Forms A and B of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale in a sample of college students ( N = 370; M = 19.5 yr.; 318 Caucasians; 281 women). Given the dearth of studies that address the issue of form equivalence directly, this study sought to ascertain whether these forms could be used interchangeably by researchers. Subscales on the two forms had fairly high correlations (range of r = .77–.81), and similar alpha and omega reliability coefficients. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis revealed both forms fit a three-factor model well. However, paired-sample t tests yielded significant mean differences for all three subscales. Furthermore, the two forms yielded inconsistent associations with relevant measures. Although the observed pattern of associations with social desirability and safe swimming behaviors were similar for Forms A and B, the pattern of differences was not identical for smoking groups and bicycle helmet use groups between forms. Overall, these results suggested that Forms A and B do not meet the strict criteria for parallel forms, but instead should be considered alternative forms.
Exploring the prospects for deliberative practices as a conflict‐reducing and legitimacy‐enhancing tool: the case of Swedish carnivore management
Authors: Lundmark Carina , Matti Simon
Published: May 2015

A new structure for decision‐making in relation to management of large carnivores is presently being implemented in Sweden through a system of regional Wildlife Management Delegations (WMD). The governing idea is that strengthened regional influence will increase the legitimacy of both the management system and its outcomes. We use this institutional change as a backdrop for analyzing the possibilities to apply deliberative practices to reduce conflict and enhance legitimacy in the management of natural resources. We argue that structures alone do not determine the prospects of deliberative arrangements; the political context (i.e. the characteristics and relationships among participating actors) is equally important. An analytical framework is proposed that merges structural prospects for deliberation in co‐management with stakeholder features, capturing the interests and beliefs of the actors involved. We illustrate the application of this framework by analysing original data from three Wildlife Management Delegations. Our findings show that there are significant differences in the beliefs among the actors within the system. Based on similarities in their beliefs, they can potentially form a relatively strong anti‐carnivore/pro‐WMD‐coalition, opposing the pro‐carnivore/anti‐WMD‐beliefs of the nature conservation interest. Furthermore, the structure is designed to meet vital deliberative criteria, yet we point at substantial differences between statutory and effective representation that, as it coincides with diverging beliefs, can affect decision‐making. One qualitative criterion for successful deliberation stands out in our study — reasoned debate. The prospects for deliberation in WMDs to reduce conflict levels among opposing interests seem to depend on the capacity for ensuring exchange of reasonable and informed arguments.
Direct experience and attitude change towards bears and wolves
Authors: Eriksson Max , Sandström Camilla , Ericsson Göran
Published: May 2015

Understanding how changes in the sizes of large carnivore populations affect the attitudes of the public is vital in order to mitigate social conflicts over large carnivore management issues. Using data from two Swedish postal surveys in 2004 and 2009, we examined the probable social effects of a continued increase in the Swedish populations of bear and wolf by comparing levels of direct experience of bears and wolves with public attitudes towards these animals. We report an increase in direct experience of bears and wolves, lower levels of acceptance of the existence of these animals, and a lower degree of support for the policy goals of both species in 2009 compared to 2004. We also find that these changes are more prominent in areas with local carnivore populations than in other areas of Sweden. Our results imply that attitudes towards bears and wolves are likely to become more negative as populations continue to grow. The uneven distributions of the carnivore populations are likely to generate more frequent social conflicts in the future as they could cause an increase in the attitudinal divide between those members of the Swedish public who have had direct experiences of carnivores and those who have not.
Public attitude towards the implementation of management actions aimed at reducing human fear of brown bears and wolves
Authors: Frank Jens , Johansson Maria , Flykt Anders
Published: May 2015

Previous research on human fear of large carnivores has mainly been based on self‐reports in which individual survey items and the objects of fear are measured, so whether a person fears attacks on humans or livestock and pets has not been identified. The objectives of this study were to differentiate between the objects of fear as well as capturing attitudes towards implementation of management actions and the potential for conflict index (PCI). These concern the implementation of a limited number of management actions currently used or discussed in Sweden that are aimed at reducing human fear of brown bears/wolves. 391 persons living in areas with either brown bear (n = 198) or wolf (n = 193) in Sweden responded to a questionnaire. The degree of self‐reported fear varied between residents in brown bear areas and residents in wolf areas. The fear of attacks on livestock and pets was stronger than fear of attacks on humans in both brown bear and wolf areas. In brown bear areas, fear was strongest for livestock, while in wolf areas fear was strongest for pets. The fear of attacks on livestock and pets was significantly stronger in wolf areas, while the fear of attacks on humans was strongest in brown bear areas. In both brown bear and wolf areas, there was little acceptance of implementation of management actions that would allow people to carry pepper spray or a gun outdoors. Management actions aimed at setting a population cap for bear/wolf populations, information on how to act when encountering a bear/wolf, and providing information on local presence of bear/wolf had relatively high acceptability. This was especially true for respondents expressing high fear of attacks on humans.
The stabilising effect of oxides in foamed aluminium alloy scrap
Authors: Kumar G. S. Vinod , García-Moreno Francisco , Banhart John , Kennedy Andrew
Published: May 2015

The expansion and stability of foams made from remelted aluminium alloy scrap has been studied. Foams made from scrap alloy contain oxide bi-films introduced from the swarf (machining chips and turnings) of LM26 alloy and these oxides act as stabilizing agents. The wettability of the oxides and hence the stabilisation is studied by varying the addition of Mg (0 to 2 wt.%) in the alloy. The viscosity of the melts with and without Mg addition is measured and correlated with foam expansion and stability. A detailed microstructural analysis of the base alloy and foam cell wall was conducted to obtain an understanding of the stabilisation behaviour of oxides.
Abundance of benthic fauna in winter and summer seasons at three water bodies of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Mustafa Tonima , Alam Shayer Mahmood Ibney , Jamal Md Shah , Johora Fatama Tuz , Likhon Md Ahsanu Kabir , Hoq Tahmina , Naser M Niamul
Published: May 2015

The study was conducted on abundance of benthic fauna during winter and summer in three water bodies of Dhaka (Ramna park lake, Baldah garden pond and Naya bazar pond) from December 2011 to May 2012. More species were found in summer than winter season. A total of 15 genera of benthos were found in Ramna park lake, 7 in Baldah garden pond and 9 in Naya bazar pond. The species diversity was more in Ramna park lake than in others as the water of Ramna park lake seems to be less polluted.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(1): 79-86, 2013
Evaluation of cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of different fractions of methanolic extract of Baccaurea ramiflora (Lour.) fruits
Authors: Amin Roksana , Nabi Md. Nahidun
Published: May 2015

Chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions of the crude methanolic extract of the fruits of Baccaurea ramiflora (Lour.) have been investigated for the evaluation of cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity and free radical scavenging activity method was used to evaluate antioxidant activity. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the chloroform soluble fraction showed greater cytotoxic activity (LC50 value 74.2 µg/ml) than petroleum ether soluble fraction (LC50 value 129 µg/ml) compared to the standard drug vincristine sulfate (LC50 value 0.54 µg/ml). In free radical scavenging activity method (DPPH assay method), the chloroform soluble fraction showed greater antioxidant activity (IC50 value 49.78 µg/ml) than petroleum ether soluble fraction (IC50 value 75.31 µg/ml) compared to the standard antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 value 24.51µg/ml). This study reveals that Baccaurea ramiflora fruit possesses cytotoxic and antioxidant activity hence can be a potential source for the isolation of active principle(s) for different therapies.International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, May 2015, 4(6): 386-389
Oxidative Stress and the Homeodynamics of Iron Metabolism
Authors: Bresgen Nikolaus , Eckl Peter
Published: May 2015

Iron and oxygen share a delicate partnership since both are indispensable for survival, but if the partnership becomes inadequate, this may rapidly terminate life. Virtually all cell components are directly or indirectly affected by cellular iron metabolism, which represents a complex, redox-based machinery that is controlled by, and essential to, metabolic requirements. Under conditions of increased oxidative stress—i.e., enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—however, this machinery may turn into a potential threat, the continued requirement for iron promoting adverse reactions such as the iron/H2O2-based formation of hydroxyl radicals, which exacerbate the initial pro-oxidant condition. This review will discuss the multifaceted homeodynamics of cellular iron management under normal conditions as well as in the context of oxidative stress.
Towards a More Sustainable Building Stock: Optimizing a Flemish Dwelling Using a Life Cycle Approach
Authors: Buyle Matthias , Audenaert Amaryllis , Braet Johan , Debacker Wim
Published: May 2015

Over the past decades, the construction sector has focused strongly on reducing operational energy consumption. Other types of environmental impact that occur during the life span of construction works, however, have to be taken into account as well. This case study focuses on developing scenarios to improve the environmental profile of new buildings in the Flemish/Belgian context. The study takes into account current energy regulation and investigates the influence of energy scenarios and building type on the environmental profile. A life cycle energy assessment (LCEA) and a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) were carried out for all scenarios, supplemented by a screening life cycle costing (LCC). The results indicate the importance of the compactness of a building, with the best results identified for the terraced scenario. The results are due to the reduced use of materials and, to a smaller extent, a reduction in energy consumption (smaller exposed surface). The results of the energy scenarios show a discrepancy between the LCEA and LCIA. According to the LCEA, passive scenarios are always preferable, but the LCIA results suggest two ways to reach a similar environmental profile. Firstly, by providing a level of insulation based on current regulations complemented with advanced technical services, and, alternatively, by increasing the level of insulation along with standard services. The results of the LCC show a similar trend to those of the LCIA. The results therefore suggest that there are multiple ways to improve the environmental profile of new buildings. Nevertheless, the choice of impact assessment method can have a strong influence on the results.
The Role of Ozone in the Reaction Mechanism of a Bare Zeolite-Plasma Hybrid System
Authors: Teramoto Yoshiyuki , Kim Hyun-Ha , Negishi Nobuaki , Ogata Atsushi
Published: May 2015

We investigated the reaction mechanism of a metal-unloaded zeolite-plasma hybrid system for decomposition of toluene at room temperature. Short-lived radicals and fast electrons did not contribute substantially to the reaction mechanism of toluene decomposition in the zeolite-plasma hybrid system. The main factor enhancing the reaction mechanism was gas-phase O3 directly reacting with toluene adsorbed onto the zeolite (the Eley-Rideal mechanism). CO2 selectivity was not improved by using H-Y zeolite due to its low ability to retain the active oxygen species formed by O3. The gas-phase O3 reacted with adsorbed toluene to form a ring cleavage intermediate that was slowly converted into formic acid. The decomposition rate of formic acid was much lower than that of toluene on the H-Y surface.
Predicting Community Evolution in Social Networks
Authors: Saganowski Stanisław , Gliwa Bogdan , Bródka Piotr , Zygmunt Anna , Kazienko Przemysław , Koźlak Jarosław
Published: May 2015

Nowadays, sustained development of different social media can be observed worldwide. One of the relevant research domains intensively explored recently is analysis of social communities existing in social media as well as prediction of their future evolution taking into account collected historical evolution chains. These evolution chains proposed in the paper contain group states in the previous time frames and its historical transitions that were identified using one out of two methods: Stable Group Changes Identification (SGCI) and Group Evolution Discovery (GED). Based on the observed evolution chains of various length, structural network features are extracted, validated and selected as well as used to learn classification models. The experimental studies were performed on three real datasets with different profile: DBLP, Facebook and Polish blogosphere. The process of group prediction was analysed with respect to different classifiers as well as various descriptive feature sets extracted from evolution chains of different length. The results revealed that, in general, the longer evolution chains the better predictive abilities of the classification models. However, chains of length 3 to 7 enabled the GED-based method to almost reach its maximum possible prediction quality. For SGCI, this value was at the level of 3–5 last periods.
Probabilistic Agent-Based Model of Electric Vehicle Charging Demand to Analyse the Impact on Distribution Networks
Authors: Olivella-Rosell Pol , Villafafila-Robles Roberto , Sumper Andreas , Bergas-Jané Joan
Published: May 2015

Electric Vehicles (EVs) have seen significant growth in sales recently and it is not clear how power systems will support the charging of a great number of vehicles. This paper proposes a methodology which allows the aggregated EV charging demand to be determined. The methodology applied to obtain the model is based on an agent-based approach to calculate the EV charging demand in a certain area. This model simulates each EV driver to consider its EV model characteristics, mobility needs, and charging processes required to reach its destination. This methodology also permits to consider social and economic variables. Furthermore, the model is stochastic, in order to consider the random pattern of some variables. The model is applied to Barcelona’s (Spain) mobility pattern and uses the 37-node IEEE test feeder adapted to common distribution grid characteristics from Barcelona. The corresponding grid impact is analyzed in terms of voltage drop and four charging strategies are compared. The case study indicates that the variability in scenarios without control is relevant, but not in scenarios with control. Moreover, the voltages do not reach the minimum voltage allowed, but the MV/LV substations could exceed their capacities. Finally, it is determined that all EVs can charge during the valley without any negative effect on the distribution grid. In conclusion, it is determined that the methodology presented allows the EV charging demand to be calculated, considering different variables, to obtain better accuracy in the results.
The Concept of EV’s Intelligent Integrated Station and Its Energy Flow
Authors: Xie Da , Chu Haoxiang , Lu Yupu , Gu Chenghong , Li Furong , Zhang Yu
Published: May 2015

The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) connected to existing distribution networks as time-variant loads cause significant distortions in line current and voltage. A novel EV’s intelligent integrated station (IIS) making full use of retired batteries is introduced in this paper to offer a potential solution for accommodating the charging demand of EVs. It proposes the concept of generalized energy in IIS, based on the energy/power flow between IIS and EVs, and between IIS and the power grid, to systematically evaluate the energy capacity of IIS. In order to derive a unique and satisfactory operation mode, information from both the grid (in terms of load level) and IIS (in terms of its energy capacity and EVs battery charging/exchanging requests) is merged. Then, based on the generalized energy of different systems, a novel charging/discharging control strategy is presented and whereby the operating status of the grid and energy capacity of IIS are monitored to make reasonable operation plans for IIS. Simulation results suggest that the proposed IIS offers peak load shifting when EV battery charging/exchanging requests are satisfied compared to existing charging stations.
Frequent Epigenetic Suppression of Tumor Suppressor Gene Glutathione Peroxidase 3 by Promoter Hypermethylation and Its Clinical Implication in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Qianling , Jin Jie , Ying Jianming , Sun Mengkui , Cui Yun , Zhang Lian , Xu Ben , Fan Yu , Zhang Qian
Published: May 2015

The goal of this study is to identify novel tumor suppressor genes silenced by promoter methylation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and discover new epigenetic biomarkers for early cancer detection. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major cause of DNA damage that correlates with cancer initiation and progression. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), the only known extracellular glycosylated enzyme of GPXs, is a major scavenger of ROS. GPX3 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, the role of GPX3 in ccRCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate its epigenetic alteration in ccRCC and possible clinicopathological association. In our study, GPX3 methylation and down-regulation were detected in 5 out of 6 ccRCC cell lines and the GPX3 mRNA and protein expression level in ccRCC tumors was significantly lower than in adjacent non-malignant renal tissues (p < 0.0001). Treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored GPX3 expression in ccRCC cells. Aberrant methylation was further detected in 77.1% (162/210) of RCC primary tumors, but only 14.6% (7/48) in adjacent non-malignant renal tissues. GPX3 methylation status was significantly associated with higher tumor nuclear grade (p = 0.014). Thus, our results showing frequent GPX3 inactivation by promoter hypermethylation in ccRCC may reveal the failure in the cellular antioxidant system in ccRCC and may be associated with renal tumorigenesis. GPX3 tumor specific methylation may serve as a biomarker for early detection and prognosis prediction of ccRCC.
“Low Cost” Pore Expanded SBA-15 Functionalized with Amine Groups Applied to CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Vilarrasa-García Enrique , Cecilia Juan , Moya Elisa , Cavalcante Celio , Azevedo Diana , Rodríguez-Castellón Enrique
Published: May 2015

The CO2 adsorption capacity of different functionalized mesoporous silicas of the SBA-15 type was investigated and the influence of textural properties and the effect of the silicon source on the CO2 uptake studied. Several adsorbents based on SBA-15 were synthesized using sodium silicate as silicon source, replacing the commonly used tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Thus, we synthesized three couples of supports, two at room temperature (RT, RT-F), two hydrothermal (HT, HT-F) and two hydrothermal with addition of swelling agent (1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene) (TiPB, TiPB-F). Within each couple, one of the materials was synthesized with ammonium fluoride (NH4F). The supports were functionalized via grafting 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and via impregnation with polyethylenimine ethylenediamine branched (PEI). The adsorption behavior of the pure materials was described well by the Langmuir model, whereas for the amine-silicas, a Dualsite Langmuir model was applied, which allowed us to qualify and quantify two different adsorption sites. Among the materials synthesized, only the SBA-15 synthesized at room temperatures (RT) improved its properties as an adsorbent with the addition of fluoride when the silicas were functionalized with APTES. The most promising result was the TiPB-F/50PEI silica which at 75 °C and 1 bar CO2 captured 2.21 mmol/g.
Re-Punching Tissue Microarrays Is Possible: Why Can This Be Useful and How to Do It
Authors: Lacombe Aurélien , Carafa Vincenza , Schneider Sandra , Sticker-Jantscheff Melanie , Tornillo Luigi , Eppenberger-Castori Serenella
Published: May 2015

Tissue microarray (TMA) methodology allows the concomitant analysis of hundreds of tissue specimens arrayed in the same manner on a recipient block. Subsequently, all samples can be processed under identical conditions, such as antigen retrieval procedure, reagent concentrations, incubation times with antibodies/probes, and escaping the inter-assays variability. Therefore, the use of TMA has revolutionized histopathology translational research projects and has become a tool very often used for putative biomarker investigations. TMAs are particularly relevant for large scale analysis of a defined disease entity. In the course of these exploratory studies, rare subpopulations can be discovered or identified. This can refer to subsets of patients with more particular phenotypic or genotypic disease with low incidence or to patients receiving a particular treatment. Such rare cohorts should be collected for more specific investigations at a later time, when, possibly, more samples of a rare identity will be available as well as more knowledge derived from concomitant, e.g., genetic, investigations will have been acquired. In this article we analyze for the first time the limits and opportunities to construct new TMA blocks using tissues from older available arrays and supplementary donor blocks. In summary, we describe the reasons and technical details for the construction of rare disease entities arrays.
Effects of Two Different Rhodiola rosea Extracts on Primary Human Visceral Adipocytes
Authors: Pomari Elena , Stefanon Bruno , Colitti Monica
Published: May 2015

Rhodiola rosea (Rro) has been reported to have various pharmacological properties, including anti-fatigue, anti-stress and anti-inflammatory activity. It is also known to improve glucose and lipid metabolism, but the effects of Rhodiola rosea on adipocyte differentiation and metabolism are not still elucidated. In this study the anti-adipogenic and lipolytic activity of two extracts of Rhodiola rosea, containing 3% salidroside (RS) or 1% salidroside and 3% rosavines (RR) on primary human visceral adipocytes was investigated. Pre-adipocytes were analyzed after 10 and 20 days of treatment during differentiation and after 7 days of treatment when they reached mature shape. The RS extract significantly induced higher apoptosis and lipolysis in comparison to control cells and to RR extract. In contrast, RR extract significantly reduced triglyceride incorporation during maturation. Differentiation of pre-adipocytes in the presence of RS and RR extracts showed a significant decrease in expression of genes involved in adipocyte function such as SLC2A4 and the adipogenic factor FGF2 and significant increase in expression of genes involved in inhibition of adipogenesis, such as GATA3, WNT3A, WNT10B. Furthermore RR extract, in contrast to RS, significantly down-regulates PPARG, the master regulator of adipogenesis and FABP4. These data support the lipolytic and anti-adipogenetic activity of two different commercial extracts of Rhodiola rosea in primary human visceral pre-adipocytes during differentiation.
Assessing the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Brazilian Plants—Eremanthus erythropappus (Asteraceae), Plectrantuns barbatus, and P. amboinicus (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Santos Nara , Mariane Bruna , Lago João , Sartorelli Patricia , Rosa Welton , Soares Marisi , Da Silva Adalberto , Lorenzi Harri , Vallim Marcelo , Pascon Renata
Published: May 2015

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from three Brazilian plant species—leaves and branches of Eremanthus erythropappus (Asteraceae), leaves of Plectranthus barbatus, and leaves of P. amboinicus (Lamiaceae)—were determined. Analysis by GC/MS and determination of Kovats indexes both indicated δ-elemene (leaves—42.61% and branches—23.41%) as well as (−)-α-bisabolol (leaves—24.80% and stem bark—66.16%) as major constituents of E. erythropappus essential oils. The main components of leaves of P. barbatus were identified as (Z)-caryophyllene (17.98%), germacrene D (17.35%), and viridiflorol (14.13%); whereas those of leaves of P. amboinicus were characterized as p-cymene (12.01%), γ-terpinene (14.74%), carvacrol (37.70%), and (Z)-caryophyllene (14.07%). The antimicrobial activity against yeasts and bacteria was assessed in broth microdilution assays to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) necessary to inhibit microbial growth. In addition, the crude oil of branches of E. erythropappus was subjected to chromatographic separation procedures to afford purified (−)-α-bisabolol. This compound displayed biological activity against pathogenic yeasts, thus suggesting that the antimicrobial effect observed with crude oils of E. erythropappus leaves and branches may be related to the occurrence of (−)-α-bisabolol as their main component. Our results showed that crude oils of Brazilian plants, specifically E. erythropappus, P. barbatus, and P. amboinicus and its components, could be used as a tool for the developing novel and more efficacious antimicrobial agents.
High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Korean Women: The First Trimester and the Winter Season as Risk Factors for Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Choi Rihwa , Kim Seonwoo , Yoo Heejin , Cho Yoon , Kim Sun , Chung Jae , Oh Soo-young , Lee Soo-Youn
Published: May 2015

We investigated the vitamin D status of Korean women during pregnancy and assessed the effects of vitamin D deficiency on two pregnancy outcomes; preterm births and the births of small for gestational age. We measured the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in 220 pregnant Korean women who were recruited prospectively and compared these levels with those of 500 healthy non-pregnant women. We analyzed vitamin D status according to patient demographics, season, and obstetrical characteristics; moreover, we also assessed pregnancy outcomes. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency(<20 ng/mL) in pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant women was 77.3% and 79.2%; respectively; and the prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was 28.6% and 7.2%; respectively (p < 0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in the winter (100%) than in the summer (45.5%) in pregnant Korean women. A higher risk of vitamin D deficiency was observed in the first trimester than in the third trimester (adjusted OR 4.3; p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D deficiency and any of the pregnancy outcomes examined. Further research focusing on the long-term consequences of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy in Korean women is warranted.
One Egg per Day Improves Inflammation when Compared to an Oatmeal-Based Breakfast without Increasing Other Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ballesteros Martha , Valenzuela Fabrizio , Robles Alma , Artalejo Elizabeth , Aguilar David , Andersen Catherine , Valdez Herlindo , Fernandez Maria
Published: May 2015

There is concern that egg intake may increase blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, we have previously shown that eggs reduce inflammation in patients at risk for T2DM, including obese subjects and those with metabolic syndrome. Thus, we hypothesized that egg intake would not alter plasma glucose in T2DM patients when compared to oatmeal intake. Our primary endpoints for this clinical intervention were plasma glucose and the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin 6 (IL-6). As secondary endpoints, we evaluated additional parameters of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemias, oxidative stress and inflammation. Twenty-nine subjects, 35–65 years with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values <9% were recruited and randomly allocated to consume isocaloric breakfasts containing either one egg/day or 40 g of oatmeal with 472 mL of lactose-free milk/day for five weeks. Following a three-week washout period, subjects were assigned to the alternate breakfast. At the end of each period, we measured all primary and secondary endpoints. Subjects completed four-day dietary recalls and one exercise questionnaire for each breakfast period. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, our primary endpoint, plasma lipids, lipoprotein size or subfraction concentrations, insulin, HbA1c, apolipoprotein B, oxidized LDL or C-reactive protein. However, after adjusting for gender, age and body mass index, aspartate amino-transferase (AST) (p < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p < 0.01), one of our primary endpoints were significantly reduced during the egg period. These results suggest that compared to an oatmeal-based breakfast, eggs do not have any detrimental effects on lipoprotein or glucose metabolism in T2DM. In contrast, eggs reduce AST and TNF-α in this population characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation.
Autonomous Aerial Refueling Ground Test Demonstration—A Sensor-in-the-Loop, Non-Tracking Method
Authors: Chen Chao-I , Koseluk Robert , Buchanan Chase , Duerner Andrew , Jeppesen Brian , Laux Hunter
Published: May 2015

An essential capability for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to extend its airborne duration without increasing the size of the aircraft is called the autonomous aerial refueling (AAR). This paper proposes a sensor-in-the-loop, non-tracking method for probe-and-drogue style autonomous aerial refueling tasks by combining sensitivity adjustments of a 3D Flash LIDAR camera with computer vision based image-processing techniques. The method overcomes the inherit ambiguity issues when reconstructing 3D information from traditional 2D images by taking advantage of ready to use 3D point cloud data from the camera, followed by well-established computer vision techniques. These techniques include curve fitting algorithms and outlier removal with the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm to reliably estimate the drogue center in 3D space, as well as to establish the relative position between the probe and the drogue. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method on a real system, a ground navigation robot was designed and fabricated. Results presented in the paper show that using images acquired from a 3D Flash LIDAR camera as real time visual feedback, the ground robot is able to track a moving simulated drogue and continuously narrow the gap between the robot and the target autonomously.
A Tapered Aluminium Microelectrode Array for Improvement of Dielectrophoresis-Based Particle Manipulation
Authors: Buyong Muhamad , Larki Farhad , Faiz Mohd , Hamzah Azrul , Yunas Jumrail , Majlis Burhanuddin
Published: May 2015

In this work, the dielectrophoretic force (FDEP) response of Aluminium Microelectrode Arrays with tapered profile is investigated through experimental measurements and numerical simulations. A standard CMOS processing technique with a step for the formation of a tapered profile resist is implemented in the fabrication of Tapered Aluminium Microelectrode Arrays (TAMA). The FDEP is investigated through analysis of the Clausius-Mossotti factor (CMF) and cross-over frequency (fxo). The performance of TAMA with various side wall angles is compared to that of microelectrodes with a straight cut sidewall profile over a wide range of frequencies through FEM numerical simulations. Additionally, electric field measurement (EFM) is performed through scanning probe microscopy (SPM) in order to obtain the region of force focus in both platforms. Results showed that the tapered profile microelectrodes with angles between 60° and 70° produce the highest electric field gradient on the particles. Also, the region of the strongest electric field in TAMA is located at the bottom and top edge of microelectrode while the strongest electric field in microelectrodes with straight cut profile is found at the top corner of the microelectrode. The latter property of microelectrodes improves the probability of capturing/repelling the particles at the microelectrode’s side wall.
Current Sensor Fault Diagnosis Based on a Sliding Mode Observer for PMSM Driven Systems
Authors: Huang Gang , Luo Yi-Ping , Zhang Chang-Fan , Huang Yi-Shan , Zhao Kai-Hui
Published: May 2015

This paper proposes a current sensor fault detection method based on a sliding mode observer for the torque closed-loop control system of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. First, a sliding mode observer based on the extended flux linkage is built to simplify the motor model, which effectively eliminates the phenomenon of salient poles and the dependence on the direct axis inductance parameter, and can also be used for real-time calculation of feedback torque. Then a sliding mode current observer is constructed in αβ coordinates to generate the fault residuals of the phase current sensors. The method can accurately identify abrupt gain faults and slow-variation offset faults in real time in faulty sensors, and the generated residuals of the designed fault detection system are not affected by the unknown input, the structure of the observer, and the theoretical derivation and the stability proof process are concise and simple. The RT-LAB real-time simulation is used to build a simulation model of the hardware in the loop. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fusing Range Measurements from Ultrasonic Beacons and a Laser Range Finder for Localization of a Mobile Robot
Authors: Ko Nak , Kuc Tae-Yong
Published: May 2015

This paper proposes a method for mobile robot localization in a partially unknown indoor environment. The method fuses two types of range measurements: the range from the robot to the beacons measured by ultrasonic sensors and the range from the robot to the walls surrounding the robot measured by a laser range finder (LRF). For the fusion, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is utilized. Because finding the Jacobian matrix is not feasible for range measurement using an LRF, UKF has an advantage in this situation over the extended KF. The locations of the beacons and range data from the beacons are available, whereas the correspondence of the range data to the beacon is not given. Therefore, the proposed method also deals with the problem of data association to determine which beacon corresponds to the given range data. The proposed approach is evaluated using different sets of design parameter values and is compared with the method that uses only an LRF or ultrasonic beacons. Comparative analysis shows that even though ultrasonic beacons are sparsely populated, have a large error and have a slow update rate, they improve the localization performance when fused with the LRF measurement. In addition, proper adjustment of the UKF design parameters is crucial for full utilization of the UKF approach for sensor fusion. This study contributes to the derivation of a UKF-based design methodology to fuse two exteroceptive measurements that are complementary to each other in localization.
Coupled SU(3)-Structures and Supersymmetry
Authors: Fino Anna , Raffero Alberto
Published: May 2015

We review coupled SU(3)-structures, also known in the literature as restricted half-flat structures, in relation to supersymmetry. In particular, we study special classes of examples admitting such structures and the behavior of flows of SU(3)-structures with respect to the coupled condition.