bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Heritage and Climate Change in the Coastal and Maritime Environments of Wales and Ireland: A Guide to the CHERISH Toolkit
Authors: Barker Louise , Corns Anthony
Published: October 2024

In March 2023 the EU-funded CHERISH project published its free user-guide and methodology for investigating heritage and climate change in the coastal and maritime environment (Barker and Corns 2023). This paper provides an overview of the publication, specifically the CHERISH toolkit – the 15 approaches employed by the multi-disciplinary project to investigate at-risk heritage sites in Wales and Ireland. Using the eroding coastal hillfort of Dinas Dinlle in Wales as a case study, the toolkit which combines air, land and sea-based investigation techniques is highlighted. This article will assist users going forward in identifying relevant approaches to the study of their own at-risk sites. It is relevant to a wide-ranging audience anywhere in the world, taking into consideration a variety of requirements such as the environment, budget, and outputs.
Impact of operator characteristics on landing gear ground manoeuvre occurrences
Authors: Hoole J. , Booker J.D. , Cooper J.E.
Published: October 2024

The variability in ground manoeuvre occurrences for aircraft landing gear is intrinsically linked to the airport geometries served by aircraft in-service and consequently, the cyclic loads that landing gear carry are driven by the route network and characteristics of aircraft operators. Currently, assumptions must be made when deriving fatigue load spectra for aircraft landing gear, which may fail to capture the operator characteristics, potentially leading to design conservatism. This paper presents the enhanced characterisation of ground turning manoeuvres within the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) trajectories for six narrow-body aircraft across a full-service carrier (FSC) and a low-cost carrier (LCC) fleet. The methodology presented within this paper employs ADS-B latitude and longitude information to overcome limitations of previous approaches, increasing the rate of correct manoeuvre identification within ADS-B trajectories to 77% of flights from the 50% rate achieved previously. When characterising the ground manoeuvres across 3,000 flights, significant differences in manoeuvre occurrences were observed between individual aircraft within the LCC fleet and between the FSC and LCC fleets. The occurrence of tight and pivot turns were shown to vary across the six aircraft with six and eight fatigue-critical turns being performed by the FSC and LCC fleet for every 10 flights performed. In addition, it was observed that the direction of fatigue critical turns is biased in specific directions, suggesting that individual main landing gear assemblies will accumulate fatigue damage at an increased rate, leading to greater justification for operator-specific spectra and structural health monitoring of aircraft landing gear.
Contract labour in mining and occupational health and safety: A critical review
Authors: Jackson Heather , Quinlan Michael
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, there has been a global growth of the use of contract labour in the mining industry, primarily driven by cost/flexibility considerations. At the same time, contracting has been associated with poorer occupational health and safety (OHS) outcomes across a range of industries. Drawing on published research, theses, and government reports, this paper critically reviews the available evidence on the OHS effects of contract labour in mining and the likely implications of further growth in this trend. This evidence confirms that the use of contract labour is associated with worse OHS outcomes, and that the Ten Pathways and Pressure, Disorganisation, and Regulatory failure (PDR) models are both valuable in explaining this. The latter point is confirmed by a more detailed examination of four serious mine incidents in NSW and Queensland. The paper identifies some gaps and areas for further research as well as the actions that mining companies, regulators, and unions could take to improve contractor safety. Notwithstanding the latter, the paper argues that the most effective way of improving contractor safety in mines is reducing the use of contractors overall and concentrating their activities in areas such as major shutdowns/repairs, where contractors have specialised expertise to undertake non-routine tasks. Despite oft-repeated phrases such as zero-harm and management systems, the corporate shift to using contractors is primarily driven by cost-cutting and highlights how OHS is compromised by such priorities.
A qualitative study exploring mental health professionals’ perspectives, opinions, and attitudes on the state of service users’ rights
Authors: Eiroa-Orosa Francisco José , Pradillo-Caimari Cristina
Published: October 2024

Background:

The rights of mental health service users are a subject of profound debate. In this article, we aim to examine mental health professionals’ perspectives, opinions, and attitudes on the state of service users’ rights.

Methods:

We conducted a thematic analysis of eleven focus groups involving mental health professionals.

Results:

Through this process, we identified two main meta-themes that shed light on the challenges faced by mental health service users: ‘Transforming the therapeutic relationship’ and ‘Societal determinants of service users’ rights’. Within the former meta-theme, we identified the following themes: ‘Diversifying mental health knowledge’, ‘Risk-protection tensions’, and ‘Being (ir)responsible’. Within the latter meta-theme we identified ‘Determinants inside the clinics’ and ‘Determinants outside the clinics.’

Conclusions:

Reflecting on these themes could potentially encourage new strategies to support professionals in overcoming the subjective barriers that prevent their adherence to rights-based mental health care models.
Characteristics associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in mid aged and older Chinese men and women: a cross-sectional analysis of the first wave of WHO SAGE China
Authors: Derbyshire Justine , McNaughton Sarah A. , Lamb Karen E. , Milte Catherine
Published: October 2024

Adequate fruit and vegetable consumption is essential for healthy ageing and prevention and management of chronic disease. This study aimed to examine characteristics associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in Chinese men and women aged 50 years and over. Data from the first wave of the Chinese cohort (2008–2010) of the WHO’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) survey was used. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed by self-reported typical consumption in serves/day. Characteristics examined were age, education, financial security, home ownership, marital status, social cohesion and rural location. Associations with fruit and vegetable consumption were assessed using multiple linear regression adjusted for confounders and stratified by sex. Overall, women consumed more serves of fruit per day than men (mean (standard deviation): 2·6 (2·2) and 2·2 (2·1) serves/day, respectively) whereas men consumed more serves of vegetables than women (7·2 (4·0) and 6·7 (3·7)). Lower fruit consumption was associated with lower education, lower social participation, income insecurity, renting, being un-partnered and rural residency in men and women, as well as older age in women. Lower vegetable consumption was associated with older age, lower education and urban residency in men and women and lower social participation in men and being unpartnered in women. This study has identified characteristics associated with fruit and vegetable intake in a sample of mid aged and older Chinese men and women. Further research on the interrelationships between these characteristics and fruit and vegetable intake as well as longitudinal relationships is warranted.
Influence of body size and environmental conditions on parasite assemblages of the black-spotted croaker (Protonibea diacanthus) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) in northern Australia
Authors: Porter Megan , Barton Diane P. , Williams Joel , Randall Jo , Ovaskainen Otso , Crook David A. , Shamsi Shokoofeh
Published: October 2024

The functioning and richness of marine systems (and biological interactions such as parasitism) are continuously influenced by a changing environment. Using hierarchical modelling of species communities (HMSC), the presence and abundance of multiple parasite species of the black-spotted croaker, Protonibea diacanthus (Sciaenidae), was modelled against environmental measures reflecting seasonal change. Protonibea diacanthus were collected in three seasons across 2019–2021 from four locations within the waters of the Northern Territory, Australia. The length of P. diacanthus proved to have a strong positive effect on the abundance of parasite taxa and overall parasitic assemblage of the sciaenid host. This finding introduces potential implications for parasitism in the future as fish body size responds to fishing pressure and climate changes. Of the various environmental factors measured during the tropical seasons of northern Australia, water temperature and salinity changes were shown as potential causal factors for the variance in parasite presence and abundance, with changes most influential on external parasitic organisms. As environmental factors like ocean temperature and salinity directly affect parasite–host relationships, this study suggests that parasite assemblages and the ecological functions that they perform are likely to change considerably over the coming decades in response to climate change and its proceeding effects.
Finding a “Niche” for Civil Disobedience? Decriminalizing Disobedience in the Post–Civil Rights Era
Authors: Livingston Alexander
Published: October 2024

Between fifteen and twenty-five million Americans took to the streets in the summer of 2020 to march, mourn, occupy highways, clash with police, and be together in grief and rage. Municipal and state police forces responded with a national campaign of excessive force. Demonstrators were clubbed, tear gassed, sprayed with chemical agents, kettled and trampled, illegally detained, and mutilated by “less-than-lethal” munitions. Internal police reviews and municipal leaders blamed the violence on insufficient training but the scale and intensity of repression suggest a more profound democratic crisis surrounding the criminalization of dissent.
“Uncommitted”: The Limitations of Election Forecasting on Minorities and the Case of American Muslim Voters
Authors: Sediqe Nura Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Drawing on the case of American Muslim voter engagement in the 2024 election season, this article argues that election-forecasting models – particularly state-based models – should integrate minority populations into their analysis as crucial variables. This is of particular significance in swing states. By including minority-voter engagement and related variables relevant to them such as pressing policy concerns (e.g., anti-war sentiment and racial attitudes), forecasters can better understand and predict electoral outcomes and address the gaps identified in traditional forecasting approaches. The recommendations presented in this article help election forecasters prepare for unexpected changes, such as the American Muslim shift of support away from President Biden in the 2024 primary election season.
Survey-based approach to generate regional multipliers for the Indonesian tropical tuna fisheries
Authors: Hoshino Eriko , Pascoe Sean , van Putten Ingrid , Resosudarmo Budy P. , Satria Fayakun , Sadiyah Lilis
Published: October 2024

This study applies surveys of business and household expenditure to draw inferences about the size of regional multipliers to assess the cascading economic impacts of the data-limited Indonesian tropical tuna fishery. The average business-level production multiplier was estimated at around 1.3 across survey respondents, while household-level consumption effects were considerably higher, with the total economic effect roughly three times larger than the production value. A statistical analysis using generalized additive models suggests that there is considerable difference in production multipliers across regions, driven by the individual characteristics of operators, such as revenue/profit, size of the boat, type of gear, and the class of the port where the business is located. This research has the potential to provide a practical management tool to measure flow-on economic impacts of a fishery when information necessary for more formal economic analysis is unavailable, such as for data-limited fisheries or small regional studies.
From the Mandate of Heaven to the modern state: the nation according to Wei Xiaobao
Authors: Hazard David
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes the Jin Yong novel The Deer and the Cauldron through the lens of Etienne Balibar's theory of super-nationalism and supranationalism. The novel employs a pan-Asian racial ideology to expand national identity from Han Chinese to other ethnic groups (supranationalism) by introducing a racial Other, white Europeans, to unify warring groups. Simultaneously, Han culture is consistently uplifted as superior (super-nationalism). A critical sequence features the Kangxi Emperor asserting his legitimacy as the ruler of China to the protagonist Wei Xiaobao by claiming the Mandate of Heaven has passed from the Ming to the Qing dynasty. However, Han Chinese gallants and intellectuals constantly challenge his legitimacy because, as a Manchu, he is considered foreign. To resolve this issue, Wei Xiaobao begins constructing a racial national framework that includes Manchus. This paper further argues that Wei Xiaobao's moral relativism, unusual for a protagonist in martial arts fiction, enables the flexibility to redefine Chinese identity on racial grounds instead of moral or cultural. The Deer and the Cauldron illustrates the transition from the Mandate of Heaven to modern nation-state ideology in China, in the form of an irreverent martial arts fiction novel, crafted by the genre's greatest master.
Toward Fine Horizontal Resolution Global Simulations of Aerosol Sectional Microphysics: Advances Enabled by GCHP‐TOMAS
Authors: Croft Betty , Martin Randall V. , Chang Rachel Y.‐W. , Bindle Liam , Eastham Sebastian D. , Estrada Lucas A. , Ford Bonne , Li Chi , Long Michael S. , Lundgren Elizabeth W. , Sinha Saptarshi , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Tang Yidan , van Donkelaar Aaron , Yantosca Robert M. , Zhang Dandan , Zhu Haihui , Pierce Jeffrey R.
Published: October 2024

Global modeling of aerosol‐particle number and size is important for understanding aerosol effects on Earth's climate and air quality. Fine‐resolution global models are desirable for representing nonlinear aerosol‐microphysical processes, their nonlinear interactions with dynamics and chemistry, and spatial heterogeneity. However, aerosol‐microphysical simulations are computationally demanding, which can limit the achievable global horizontal resolution. Here, we present the first coupling of the TwO‐Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics scheme with the High‐Performance configuration of the GEOS‐Chem model of atmospheric composition (GCHP), a coupling termed GCHP‐TOMAS. GCHP's architecture allows massively parallel GCHP‐TOMAS simulations including on the cloud, using hundreds of computing cores, faster runtimes, more memory, and finer global horizontal resolution (e.g., 25 km × 25 km, 7.8 × 105 model columns) versus the previous single‐node capability of GEOS‐Chem‐TOMAS (tens of cores, 200 km × 250 km, 1.3 × 104 model columns). GCHP‐TOMAS runtimes have near‐ideal scalability with computing‐core number. Simulated global‐mean number concentrations increase (dominated by free‐tropospheric over‐ocean sub‐10‐nm‐diameter particles) toward finer GCHP‐TOMAS horizontal resolution. Increasing the horizontal resolution from 200 km × 200–50 km × 50 km increases the global monthly mean free‐tropospheric total particle number by 18.5%, and over‐ocean sub‐10‐nm‐diameter particles by 39.8% at 4‐km altitude. With a cascade of contributing factors, free‐tropospheric particle‐precursor concentrations increase (32.6% at 4‐km altitude) with resolution, promoting new‐particle formation and growth that outweigh coagulation changes. These nonlinear effects have the potential to revise current understanding of processes controlling global aerosol number and aerosol impacts on Earth's climate and air quality.
Temporal Evolution of Gaseous Mercury Across the Sea Ice‐Seawater Interface: A Mesocosm Study
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Munson Kathleen , Wang Feiyue
Published: October 2024

In the marine cryosphere, seasonal sea ice dynamics affect the behavior of gaseous mercury, yet the mechanism remains poorly understood. By carrying out an outdoor sea ice mesocosm study, we examine primarily the abiotic factors influencing mercury dynamics and show distinct behaviors of gaseous mercury across the sea ice‐seawater interface over the full growth‐melt cycle. The distribution of gaseous mercury in sea ice is influenced by entrapment of gaseous mercury from different sources into sea ice of different textures, transport schemes within sea ice, and in situ cryo‐processes that affect mercury speciation. In the growing sea ice sections where solar radiation penetrated, production of gaseous mercury was observed, supporting the occurrence of in‐ice cryo‐photoreduction of divalent mercury. In under‐ice seawater, concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury decreased gradually during ice growth and increased rapidly to pre‐freezing levels as ice started to melt, suggesting that the atmosphere‐sea ice‐seawater exchange pathway of gaseous mercury could be re‐established through melting first‐year sea ice. Our results from this unique mesocosm study provide new insights on the dynamics of gaseous mercury in and around sea ice that are primarily driven by abiotic processes, assisting model parameterizations for mercury cycling in polar regions.
Childhood maltreatment, adulthood obesity and incident type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using UK Biobank
Authors: Nadaraia Tamta , Whittaker Ed , Kenyon Indira , Boonpor Jirapitcha , Zhou Ziyi , Nakada Shinya , Rochmawati Ike Dhiah , Celis-Morales Carlos , Ward Joey , Rod Naja Hulvej , Pell Jill P. , Minnis Helen , Hehlmann Thomas , Ho Frederick K. , Mackay Daniel
Published: October 2024

Background

This study aims to explore the association of childhood maltreatment with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood, and whether obesity is a mediator of the latter.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study using UK Biobank data, participants recalled childhood maltreatment. Linear regression, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the associations with body mass index (BMI), obesity, and T2D, adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Decomposition analysis was used to examine the extent to which T2D excess risk was attributed to BMI.

Results

Of the 153,601 participants who completed the childhood maltreatment questions, one-third reported some form of maltreatment. Prevalence of adult obesity and incidence of T2D were higher with the number of reported childhood maltreatment types. People who reported ≥3 types of childhood maltreatment were at higher risk of obesity (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.47–1.63) and incident T2D (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.52–1.80). Excess T2D risk among those reporting maltreatment could be reduced by 39% if their BMI was comparable to participants who had not been maltreated, assuming causality.

Conclusions

People who recalled maltreatment in childhood are at higher risk of T2D in adulthood, partly due to obesity.
Methylomic signature of current cannabis use in two first-episode psychosis cohorts
Authors: Dempster Emma L. , Wong Chloe C. Y. , Burrage Joe , Hannon Eilis , Quattrone Diego , Trotta Giulia , Rodriguez Victoria , Alameda Luis , Spinazzola Edoardo , Tripoli Giada , Austin-Zimmerman Isabelle , Li Zhikun , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Freeman Tom P. , Johnson Emma C. , Jongsma Hannah E. , Stilo Simona , La Cascia Caterina , Ferraro Laura , La Barbera Daniele , Lasalvia Antonio , Tosato Sarah , Tarricone Ilaria , D’Andrea Giuseppe , Galatolo Michela , Tortelli Andrea , Pompili Maurizio , Selten Jean-Paul , de Haan Lieuwe , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Del Ben Cristina M. , Santos Jose Luis , Arrojo Manuel , Bobes Julio , Sanjuán Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Arango Celso , Jones Peter B. , Breen Gerome , Mondelli Valeria , Dazzan Paola , Iyegbe Conrad , Vassos Evangelos , Morgan Craig , Mukherjee Diptendu , van Os Jim , Rutten Bart , O’Donovan Michael C. , Sham Pak , Mill Jonathan , Murray Robin , Di Forti Marta
Published: October 2024

The rising prevalence and legalisation of cannabis worldwide have underscored the need for a comprehensive understanding of its biological impact, particularly on mental health. Epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation, have gained increasing recognition as vital factors in the interplay between risk factors and mental health. This study aimed to explore the effects of current cannabis use and high-potency cannabis on DNA methylation in two independent cohorts of individuals experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP) compared to control subjects. The combined sample consisted of 682 participants (188 current cannabis users and 494 never users). DNA methylation profiles were generated on blood-derived DNA samples using the Illumina DNA methylation array platform. A meta-analysis across cohorts identified one CpG site (cg11669285) in the CAVIN1 gene that showed differential methylation with current cannabis use, surpassing the array-wide significance threshold, and independent of the tobacco-related epigenetic signature. Furthermore, a CpG site localised in the MCU gene (cg11669285) achieved array-wide significance in an analysis of the effect of high-potency (THC = > 10%) current cannabis use. Pathway and regional analyses identified cannabis-related epigenetic variation proximal to genes linked to immune and mitochondrial function, both of which are known to be influenced by cannabinoids. Interestingly, a model including an interaction term between cannabis use and FEP status identified two sites that were significantly associated with current cannabis use with a nominally significant interaction suggesting that FEP status might moderate how cannabis use affects DNA methylation. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the epigenetic impact of current cannabis use and highlight potential molecular pathways affected by cannabis exposure.
Convergent functional effects of antidepressants in major depressive disorder: a neuroimaging meta-analysis
Authors: Saberi Amin , Ebneabbasi Amir , Rahimi Sama , Sarebannejad Sara , Sen Zumrut Duygu , Graf Heiko , Walter Martin , Sorg Christian , Camilleri Julia A. , Laird Angela R. , Fox Peter T. , Valk Sofie L. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Tahmasian Masoud
Published: October 2024

Background

Neuroimaging studies have provided valuable insights into the macroscale impacts of antidepressants on brain functions in patients with major depressive disorder. However, the findings of individual studies are inconsistent. Here, we aimed to provide a quantitative synthesis of the literature to identify convergence of the reported findings at both regional and network levels and to examine their associations with neurotransmitter systems.

Methods

Through a comprehensive search in PubMed and Scopus databases, we reviewed 5258 abstracts and identified 36 eligible functional neuroimaging studies on antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder. Activation likelihood estimation was used to investigate regional convergence of the reported foci of antidepressant effects, followed by functional decoding and connectivity mapping of the convergent clusters. Additionally, utilizing group-averaged data from the Human Connectome Project, we assessed convergent resting-state functional connectivity patterns of the reported foci. Next, we compared the convergent circuit with the circuits targeted by transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy. Last, we studied the association of regional and network-level convergence maps with selected neurotransmitter receptors/transporters maps.

Results

No regional convergence was found across foci of treatment-associated alterations in functional imaging. Subgroup analysis in the Treated > Untreated contrast revealed a convergent cluster in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which was associated with working memory and attention behavioral domains. Moreover, we found network-level convergence of the treatment-associated alterations in a circuit more prominent in the frontoparietal areas. This circuit was co-aligned with circuits targeted by “anti-subgenual” and “Beam F3” transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy. We observed no significant correlations between our meta-analytic findings with the maps of neurotransmitter receptors/transporters.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the importance of the frontoparietal network and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the therapeutic effects of antidepressants, which may relate to their role in improving executive functions and emotional processing.
Improved ex vivo fluorescence imaging of human head and neck cancer using the peptide tracer TPP-IRDye800 targeting membrane-bound Hsp70 on tumor cells
Authors: Holzmann Katharina L. K. , Wolf Johanna L. , Stangl Stefan , Lennartz Philipp , Kasajima Atsuko , Mogler Carolin , Haller Bernhard , Ebert Eva-Vanessa , Jira Daniel , Lauterbach Maren L. A. , von Meyer Franziska , Stark Leonhard , Mauch Leonie , Schmidl Benedikt , Wollenberg Barbara , Multhoff Gabriele , Wirth Markus
Published: October 2024

Background

The primary goal of surgery in HNSCC is the complete resection of tumor cells with maximum preservation of normal tissue. The membrane Hsp70-targeting fluorescence labelled peptide TPP-IRDye800 represents a promising tool for real-time intraoperative tumor visualization, enabling the detection of true tumor margins, critical isles of high-grade dysplasia and LN metastases.

Methods

Membrane Hsp70 (mHsp70) expression on HNSCC cell lines and primary HNSCC was determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy using FITC-conjugated mAb cmHsp70.1 and TPP. TPP-IRDye800 was sprayed on freshly resected tumor material of immunohistochemically confirmed HNSCC and LN metastases for tumor imaging. TBRs were compared using TPP-IRDye800 and Cetuximab-IRDye680, recognizing EGFR.

Results

mHsp70 expressing HNSCC cells specifically bind and internalize TPP in vitro. The TBR (2.56 ± 0.39) and AUC [0.98 CI, 0.95–1.00 vs. 0.91 CI, 0.85–0.97] of TPP-IRDye800 on primary HNSCC was significantly higher than Cetuximab-IRDye680 (1.61 ± 0.39) (p = 0.0068) and TPP-IRDye800 provided a superior tumor delineation. Fluorescence imaging showed higher AUC values than a visual inspection by surgeons [0.97 CI, 0.94–1.00 vs. 0.92 CI, 0.88–0.97] (p = 0.048). LN metastases could be visualized using TPP-IRDye800. Real-time tissue delineation was confirmed using the clinically applied KARL-STORZ imaging system.

Conclusion

TPP-IRDye800 is a promising fluorescence imaging probe for HNSCC.
Terra Preta production from Ghanaian and Zambian soils using domestic wastes
Authors: Neina Dora , Glaser Bruno
Published: October 2024

Quests for productive soils to close yield gaps call for innovative strategies. This study tested an off-site formation of the Amazonian Terra Preta (TP) in a potential modern analogon under coastal savannah climatic conditions of Ghana. Four Ghanaian and two Zambian soils; two types of biochar (i.e., rice husk biochar and charcoal residues); domestic wastes (i.e., kitchen leftovers, animal manures, human urine, and kitchen ash) were mixed with the soils wetted to 100% water holding capacity, and incubated under aerobic conditions for nine months. Indicators of the TP include total carbon (C), pH, base saturation, basic cations, and plant-available P, which were measured using standard methods of soil analysis. The TP formation enhanced soil pH by 0.02 to 2.9, ranging from pH 7.2 to 8.2, with charcoal residues having the highest effect on pH. The modern TP was characterized by relatively high total C, pH, K, Ca, Mg, Na, base saturation, and plant-available P. These properties reflect unique interactions between the chars, wastes, and soils, suggesting the potential for on-site TP formation. It calls for further studies, commitment, and perseverance in their formation in the future.
In vivo fertilization improved the cryotolerance and developmental ability of vitrified-warmed rat fertilized oocytes
Authors: Ishizuka Yuta , Nakao Satohiro , Kamisako Tsutomu , Yamaga Katsuma , Nakagata Naomi , Ishizaki Hiroyoshi , Takeo Toru
Published: October 2024

The cryopreservation of rat embryos is useful for efficiently archiving rat resources in bioresource repositories. The cryopreserved fertilized oocytes can be quickly reanimated to rats with homozygous mutations using embryo transfer. In addition, cryopreserved rat fertilized oocytes are easier to transport than live animals. Before cryopreservation, fertilized oocytes are obtained by mating or in vitro fertilization. However, it is not clear which fertilized oocytes are most suited to cryopreservation. In this study, we performed a systematic comparison of the fertilizing ability, cryotolerance, and developmental ability of cryopreserved fertilized oocytes at the pronuclear stage produced either by mating (in vivo) or in vitro fertilization (in vitro) in SD and F344 rats. In vivo-fertilized oocytes had higher cryotolerance and developmental ability than in vitro-fertilized oocytes in SD and F344 rats. Furthermore, the fertilization ability, cryotolerance, and developmental ability of vitrified-warmed fertilized oocytes differed between SD and F344 rats. In conclusion, our study suggests that in vivo-fertilized rat oocytes were more suitable for cryopreservation. Our protocol provides an optimized system for the management of rat colonies using fertilized oocytes cryopreservation and contributes to the 3Rs principle by reducing the number of animals used for research.
Physics informed data-driven near-wall modelling for lattice Boltzmann simulation of high Reynolds number turbulent flows
Authors: Xue Xiao , Wang Shuo , Yao Hua-Dong , Davidson Lars , Coveney Peter V.
Published: October 2024

Data-driven approaches offer novel opportunities for improving the performance of turbulent flow simulations, which are critical to wide-ranging applications from wind farms and aerodynamic designs to weather and climate forecasting. However, current methods for these simulations often require large amounts of data and computational resources. While data-driven methods have been extensively applied to the continuum Navier-Stokes equations, limited work has been done to integrate these methods with the highly scalable lattice Boltzmann method. Here, we present a physics-informed neural network framework for improving lattice Boltzmann-based simulations of near-wall turbulent flow. Using a small amount of data and integrating physical constraints, our model accurately predicts flow behaviour at a wide range of friction Reynolds numbers up to 1.0 × 106. In contradistinction with other models that use direct numerical simulation datasets, this approach reduces data requirements by three orders of magnitude and allows for sparse grid configurations. Our work broadens the scope of lattice Boltzmann applications, enabling efficient large-scale simulations of turbulent flow in diverse contexts.
Developmental mosaicism underlying EGFR-mutant lung cancer presenting with multiple primary tumors
Authors: Burr Risa , Leshchiner Ignaty , Costantino Christina L. , Blohmer Martin , Sundaresan Tilak , Cha Justin , Seeger Karsen , Guay Sara , Danysh Brian P. , Gore Ira , Jacobs Raquel A. , Slowik Kara , Utro Filippo , Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Levovitz Chaya , Barth Jaimie L. , Dubash Taronish , Chirn Brian , Parida Laxmi , Sequist Lecia V. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Maheswaran Shyamala , Naxerova Kamila , Getz Gad , Haber Daniel A.
Published: October 2024

Although the development of multiple primary tumors in smokers with lung cancer can be attributed to carcinogen-induced field cancerization, the occurrence of multiple tumors at presentation in individuals with EGFR-mutant lung cancer who lack known environmental exposures remains unexplained. In the present study, we identified ten patients with early stage, resectable, non-small cell lung cancer who presented with multiple, anatomically distinct, EGFR-mutant tumors. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships among multiple tumors from each patient using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and hypermutable poly(guanine) (poly(G)) repeat genotyping as orthogonal methods for lineage tracing. In four patients, developmental mosaicism, assessed by WES and poly(G) lineage tracing, indicates a common non-germline cell of origin. In two other patients, we identified germline EGFR variants, which confer moderately enhanced signaling when modeled in vitro. Thus, in addition to germline variants, developmental mosaicism defines a distinct mechanism of genetic predisposition to multiple EGFR-mutant primary tumors, with implications for their etiology and clinical management.
Transient CAR T cells with specificity to oncofetal glycosaminoglycans in solid tumors
Authors: Khazamipour Nastaran , Oo Htoo Zarni , Al-Nakouzi Nader , Marzban Mona , Khazamipour Nasrin , Roberts Morgan E , Farivar Negin , Moskalev Igor , Lo Joey , Ghaidi Fariba , Nelepcu Irina , Moeen Alireza , Truong Sarah , Dagil Robert , Choudhary Swati , Gustavsson Tobias , Zhai Beibei , Heitzender Sabine , Salanti Ali , Sorensen Poul H , Daugaard Mads
Published: October 2024

Glycosaminoglycans are often deprioritized as targets for synthetic immunotherapy due to the complexity of glyco-epitopes and limited options for obtaining specific subtype binding. Solid tumors express proteoglycans that are modified with oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (CS), a modification normally restricted to the placenta. Here, we report the design and functionality of transient chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with selectivity to oncofetal CS. Following expression in T cells, the CAR could be “armed” with recombinant VAR2CSA lectins (rVAR2) to target tumor cells expressing oncofetal CS. While unarmed CAR T cells remained inactive in the presence of target cells, VAR2-armed CAR T cells displayed robust activation and the ability to eliminate diverse tumor cell types in vitro. Cytotoxicity of the CAR T cells was proportional to the concentration of rVAR2 available to the CAR, offering a potential molecular handle to finetune CAR T cell activity. In vivo, armed CAR T cells rapidly targeted bladder tumors and increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Thus, our work indicates that cancer-restricted glycosaminoglycans may be exploited as potential targets for CAR T cell therapy.
Enhanced wound healing with biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticle-incorporated carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinylpyrrolidone nanocomposite hydrogels
Authors: Mondal Md. Ibrahim H. , Islam Md. Monirul , Ahmed Firoz
Published: October 2024

Contemporary wound dressings lack antibacterial properties, exhibit a low water vapour transmission rate, and demonstrate inadequate mechanical strength.
Enhanced Fe(ii)-artemisinin-mediated chemodynamic therapy with efficient Fe(iii)/Fe(ii) conversion circulation for cancer treatment
Authors: Xu Xiao , Wang Yun , Yan Dan , Ren Chunling , Cai Yuqian , Liao Shanting , Kong Lingyi , Han Chao
Published: October 2024

Existing strategies to investigate the antitumor effects of artemisinin and its derivatives (ART) are inadequate.
The shift current photovoltaic effect response in wurtzite and zinc blende semiconductors via first-principles calculations
Authors: Qiu Yu , Sun Yong , Shen Hui-Xue , Fu Hui-Xia , Duan Man-Yi , Cheng Cai
Published: October 2024

The wurtzite and zincblende structure lacking inversion symmetry (AgI, GaAs, CdSe, CdTe, SiGe, ZnSe, and ZnTe) as candidates for BPVE. A smaller band gap, reduced carrier effective mass, and increased covalency for a large shift current response.
Exploring the potential energy surface of B4H42−: an exception of the Wade–Mingos rules
Authors: Báez-Grez Rodrigo , Vásquez-Espinal Alejandro , Pino-Rios Ricardo
Published: October 2024

An analysis of the potential energy surface of B4H42− which, according to Wade–Mingos rules should have a tetrahedral structure, is presented.
Predicting the effect of framework and hydrocarbon structure on the zeolite-catalyzed beta-scission
Authors: Ureel Yannick , Alexopoulos Konstantinos , Van Geem Kevin M. , Sabbe Maarten K.
Published: October 2024

A predictive model was developed, predicting the activation energy of the beta-scission in four different zeolite frameworks.
Utilisation of in situ formed cyano-bridged coordination polymers as precursors of supported Ir–Ni alloy nanoparticles with precisely controlled compositions and sizes
Authors: Yamada Yusuke , Nishida Miho , Nakabayashi Tatsuya , Nakazono Takashi , Lin Hanghao , Chen Pengru , Tamura Masazumi
Published: October 2024

In situ formed coordination polymers containing Ir and Ni were used as precursors for Ir–Ni alloy particles supported on metal oxides to control the sizes and compositions of supported Ir–Ni alloy particles.
Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs using sugarcane bagasse waste: phytochemical assessment of extract and biological study of nanoparticles
Authors: Suleiman Marwa H. , El-sheikh Said M. , Mohamed Eslam T. , El Raey Mohamed A. , El Sherbiny Samya , Morsy Fatma A. , El-Hout Soliman I. , Sheta Sheta M.
Published: October 2024

The accumulation of agricultural and industrial residues inevitably contributes to environmental pollution.
Harnessing enhanced lithium-ion storage in self-assembled organic nanowires for batteries and metal-ion supercapacitors
Authors: Obraztsov Ievgen , Langer Rostislav , Ruthes Jean G. A. , Presser Volker , Otyepka Michal , Zbořil Radek , Bakandritsos Aristides
Published: October 2024

Mesoscale engineering of small organic molecules towards a 3D nanowire network offers a potent toolkit for improved energy storage performance.
A multiscale graph neural network for predicting the properties of high-density cycloalkane-based diesel and jet range biofuels
Authors: Yao Yanqiu , Wang Yizhuo , Li Zhanchao , Wang Jing , Wang Hong
Published: October 2024

An efficient and accurate multiscale graph neural network (MGNN) model for predicting the properties of cycloalkane-based biofuels.
A sustainable lecithin-based ligand for the bio-functionalization of iron and hybrid metal organic frameworks (MOFs) nanoparticles with the sugar mannose
Authors: Cova Camilla M. , Ramos Víctor , Escudero Alberto , Holgado Juan P. , Khiar Noureddine , Zuliani Alessio
Published: October 2024

A sustainable lecithin-based ligand was developed using a photochemical thio–ene “click” reaction with cysteine and reductive amination with d-Mannose. The ligand functionalized various nanoparticles, showing potential for biomedical applications.
Assessment of the metal grain size of 12Cr1MoV steel by LIBS coupled with acoustic wave information
Authors: Tang Feiqiang , Dong Meirong , Cai Junbin , Li Zhichun , Chen Kaiqing , Li Weijie , Yao Shunchun , Lu Jidong
Published: October 2024

A modelling scheme that integrates spectral and acoustic data was put forth as a means of enhancing the precision of grain size detection in 12Cr1MoV steel.
Synergistic effects of astragalus on 3D-printed calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds to regulate inflammation/osteogenesis for bone regeneration
Authors: Lee Jian-Jr , Lin Yen-Hong , Kuo Ting-You , Lee Alvin Kai-Xing , Chen Cheng-Yu , Shie Ming-You
Published: October 2024

In this study, Ast-contained CS scaffolds have great potential for bone regeneration and an innovative approach combines advanced biomaterials and technology with existing treatment methods to maximize bone regeneration benefits.
High-throughput screening of single atom co-catalysts in ZnIn2S4 for photocatalysis
Authors: Rahman Md Habibur , Sun Yujie , Mannodi-Kanakkithodi Arun
Published: October 2024

ZnIn2S4, a promising photocatalyst, shows improved properties in the presence of suitable single atom co-catalysts.
Breaking boundaries in diabetic nephropathy treatment: design and synthesis of novel steroidal SGLT2 inhibitors
Authors: Nongthombam Geetmani Singh , Ahmed Semim Akhtar , Saikia Kangkon , Gogoi Sanjib , Borah Jagat Chandra
Published: October 2024

Virtual screening and synthetic modification of natural product-derived steroidal precursors as potential SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Assembly-promoted repeatable enhancement of photoluminescence from cesium lead tribromide nanocubes under light illumination
Authors: Hashimoto Shota , Watanabe Hiroto , Iso Yoshiki , Oaki Yuya , Isobe Tetsuhiko , Imai Hiroaki
Published: October 2024

A repeatable enhancement of the photoluminescence from CsPbBr3 nanocubes under photoirradiation is promoted by their ordered assembly.
Accelerating enzyme discovery and engineering with high-throughput screening
Authors: Bozkurt Eray U. , Ørsted Emil C. , Volke Daniel C. , Nikel Pablo I.
Published: October 2024

Recent progress in the DBTL cycle, including machine learning, facilitated enzyme mining for biocatalysis. Automation and standardization of library construction, coupled to high-throughput screening, further accelerates the enzyme discovery process.
β-meso-Fused pyrene–porphyrin scaffolds with panchromatic absorption features
Authors: Oleszak Christoph , Ritterhoff Christian L. , Meyer Bernd , Jux Norbert
Published: October 2024

A straightforward synthetic strategy toward three β-meso-fused porphyrin–pyrene conjugates is presented. The five-ring fused molecules possess intriguing absorption properties and electronics, which are probed spectroscopically and by theory.
Preparation and characterization of starch-based binders for binder jetting
Authors: Jiang Hongtao , Yang Xinhao , Wang Hao
Published: October 2024

In recent years, binder jetting technology has made significant advances across industries, expanding the range of material options to meet diverse needs.
Design and performance optimization of a lattice-based radial flow field in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Zheng Minggang , Liang Han , Bu Wenxie , Luo Xing , Hu Xiaoxu , Zhang Zhihu
Published: October 2024

The design of the flow field structure in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) plays a pivotal role in determining their electrochemical performance.
Constructing covalent organic frameworks with dense thiophene S sites for effective iodine capture
Authors: Ran Yiling , Wang Yi , Yang Man , Li Jian , Zhang Yan , Li Zhanguo
Published: October 2024

Developing versatile sorption materials for radionuclides (e.g. iodine) capture has been a critical goal in nuclear energy and environmental science.
Molten salt electrolysis: promising technology to capture and transform CO2 into valuable carbon materials
Authors: Deng Yaping , Qiao Zhiqiang , Li Nana , Zhang Jing , Hu Yue , Ji Deqiang , Ji Debin , Li Zhida , Wu Hongjun
Published: October 2024

The escalating concentration of atmospheric CO2, now exceeding 423.68 ppm and representing a 50% increase since pre-industrial times, underscores an urgent imperative to curb emissions.
Regulating NO2 adsorption at ambient temperature by manipulating copper species as binding sites in copper-modified SSZ-13 zeolites
Authors: Sun Mingzhe , Wang Tianqi , Ku Calvin , Hanif Aamir , Tian Tian , Johannessen Bernt , Gu Qinfen , Li Ziyi , Sit Patrick , Shang Jin
Published: October 2024

A Cu-modified SSZ-13 zeolite for enhanced NO2 adsorption at ambient temperature.
Crystallization kinetic engineering for growth of thin metal halide perovskite platelets
Authors: Ding Dong , Zhou Bo , Li Xiaoteng , Duan Jiaqi , Wu Kaiyan , Hou Bin , Fan Honglei , Liu Hongliang , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2024

Thin Cs2AgBiBr6 platelets possessing optimized optical and photo-response properties are obtained via a crystallization kinetic regulation strategy.
One-pot spatial engineering of multi-enzymes in metal–organic frameworks for enhanced cascade activity
Authors: Fan Wenqing , Liang Kang , Liang Jieying
Published: October 2024

A one-pot strategy was developed for the first time to achieve the precise spatial arrangement of multiple enzymes in MOFs, improving multi-enzyme cascade efficiency.
A DNA nanowire based-DNAzyme walker for amplified imaging of microRNA in tumor cells
Authors: Yang Haoqi , Wu Ziyong , Sun Shujuan , Zhang Shusheng , Shi Pengfei
Published: October 2024

We propose a DNAzyme walker constructed from aptamer-modified DNA nanowires, which can efficiently penetrate target cells without the assistance of non-DNA substances. This strategy enables sensitive and effective imaging of miRNA in tumor cells.
Self-powered, low-dark-current, high-detectivity CsPbBr3 nanowire photodetectors with excellent weak-light detection ability
Authors: Xiao Boao , Wen Shuiguo , Zhang Jianqiang , Gao Zheng , Tang Yapeng , Wu Dingjun , Zhao Jiang , Zhou Hai
Published: October 2024

1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (OMIMHSO4) is introduced into CsPbBr3 nanowires for defect passivation, resulting in the corresponding nanowire photodetector with a minimum response light intensity as low as 1.14 × 10−10 W cm−2.
New insight into π–π interactions: realization of full color emission from blue to red under hydrostatic pressure without exogenous intramolecular charge transfer
Authors: Li Aisen , Wang Jiaqiang , Bi Changjiang , Chen Zirun , Xu Shuping , Wang Kai , Wang Jinfeng , Li Zhen
Published: October 2024

A new strategy to disclose the relationship between π–π stacking without exogenous ICT and photophysical properties was propounded through the construction of smart piezochromic materials with a discrete π–π dimer and high-pressure technique.
Slowly positively drifting bursts generated by large-scale magnetic reconnection
Authors: Zemanová Alena , Karlický Marian , Dudík Jaroslav , Kašparová Jana , Rybák Ján
Published: October 2024

Context. The slowly positively drifting bursts (SPDBs) are rarely observed in radio emission of solar flares.

Aims. To understand how the SPDBs are generated, we studied the radio observations at 600–5000 MHz together with the imaging observations made in ultraviolet (UV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) during the SPDB-rich C8.7 flare of 2014 May 10 (SOL2014-05-10T0702).

Methods. Because the SPDBs propagate towards locations of higher plasma density, we studied their associations with individual flare kernels, located either within the flare core itself, or distributed at longer distances, but connected to the flaring region by large-scale hot loops. For each kernel we constructed light curves using 1600 Å and 304 Å observations and compared these light curves with the temporal evolution of radio flux at 1190 MHz, representing all observed groups of SPDBs. We also analysed the UV/EUV observations to understand the evolution of magnetic connectivity during the flare.

Results. The flare starts with a growing hot sigmoid observed in 131 Å. As the sigmoid evolves, it extends to and interacts with a half dome present within the active region. The evolving sigmoid reconnects at the respective hyperbolic flux tube, producing large-scale magnetic connections and an EUV swirl. Three groups of SPDBs are observed during this large-scale magnetic reconnection, along with a group of narrow-band type III bursts. The light curves of a kernel corresponding to the footpoint of spine line analogue show good agreement with the radio flux at 1190 MHz, indicating that the SPDBs are produced by the large-scale magnetic reconnection at the half dome. In addition, one of the kernels appeared in the neighbouring active region and also showed a similar evolution to the radio flux, implying that beams of accelerated particles can synchronize radio and UV/EUV light curves across relatively large distances.