bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Block Walsh–Hadamard Transform-based Binary Layers in Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Pan Hongyi , Badawi Diaa , Cetin Ahmet Enis
Published: January 2022

Convolution has been the core operation of modern deep neural networks. It is well known that convolutions can be implemented in the Fourier Transform domain. In this article, we propose to use binary block Walsh–Hadamard transform (WHT) instead of the Fourier transform. We use WHT-based binary layers to replace some of the regular convolution layers in deep neural networks. We utilize both one-dimensional (1D) and 2D binary WHTs in this article. In both 1D and 2D layers, we compute the binary WHT of the input feature map and denoise the WHT domain coefficients using a nonlinearity that is obtained by combining soft-thresholding with the tanh function. After denoising, we compute the inverse WHT. We use 1D-WHT to replace the 1 × 1 convolutional layers, and 2D-WHT layers can replace the 3 × 3 convolution layers and Squeeze-and-Excite layers. 2D-WHT layers with trainable weights can be also inserted before the Global Average Pooling layers to assist the dense layers. In this way, we can reduce the number of trainable parameters significantly with a slight decrease in trainable parameters. In this article, we implement the WHT layers into MobileNet-V2, MobileNet-V3-Large, and ResNet to reduce the number of parameters significantly with negligible accuracy loss. Moreover, according to our speed test, the 2D-FWHT layer runs about 24 times as fast as the regular 3 × 3 convolution with 19.51% less RAM usage in an NVIDIA Jetson Nano experiment.
New Techniques in Structural Tailoring of Starch Functionality
Authors: Fu Yezhi , Jiang Evelyn , Yao Yuan
Published: January 2022

Inherent characteristics of native starches such as water insolubility, retrogradation and syneresis, and instability in harsh processing conditions (e.g., high temperature and shearing, low pH) limit their industrial applications. As starch properties mainly depend on starch composition and structure, structural tailoring of starch has been important for overcoming functional limitations and expanding starch applications in different fields. In this review, we first introduce the basics of starch structure, properties, and functionalities and then describe the interactions of starch with lipids, polysaccharides, and phenolics. After reviewing genetic, chemical, and enzymatic modifications of starch, we describe current progress in the areas of porous starch and starch-based nanoparticles. New techniques, such as using the CRISPR–Cas9 technique to tailor starch structures and using an emulsion-assisted approach in forming functional starch nanoparticles, are only feasible when they are established based on fundamental knowledge of starch.
Vibration-Cavity Polariton Chemistry and Dynamics
Authors: Dunkelberger Adam D. , Simpkins Blake S. , Vurgaftman Igor , Owrutsky Jeffrey C.
Published: January 2022

Molecular polaritons result from light-matter coupling between optical resonances and molecular electronic or vibrational transitions. When the coupling is strong enough, new hybridized states with mixed photon-material character are observed spectroscopically, with resonances shifted above and below the uncoupled frequency. These new modes have unique optical properties and can be exploited to promote or inhibit physical and chemical processes. One remarkable result is that vibrational strong coupling to cavities can alter reaction rates and product branching ratios with no optical excitation whatsoever. In this work we review the ability of vibration-cavity polaritons to modify chemical and physical processes including chemical reactivity, as well as steady-state and transient spectroscopy. We discuss the larger context of these works and highlight their most important contributions and implications. Our goal is to provide insight for systematically manipulating molecular polaritons in photonic and chemical applications.
Intramolecular Vibrations in Excitation Energy Transfer: Insights from Real-Time Path Integral Calculations
Authors: Kundu Sohang , Makri Nancy
Published: January 2022

Excitation energy transfer (EET) is fundamental to many processes in chemical and biological systems and carries significant implications for the design of materials suitable for efficient solar energy harvest and transport. This review discusses the role of intramolecular vibrations on the dynamics of EET in nonbonded molecular aggregates of bacteriochlorophyll, a perylene bisimide, and a model system, based on insights obtained from fully quantum mechanical real-time path integral results for a Frenkel exciton Hamiltonian that includes all vibrational modes of each molecular unit at finite temperature. Generic trends, as well as features specific to the vibrational characteristics of the molecules, are identified. Weak exciton-vibration (EV) interaction leads to compact, near-Gaussian densities on each electronic state, whose peak follows primarily a classical trajectory on a torus, while noncompact densities and nonlinear peak evolution are observed with strong EV coupling. Interaction with many intramolecular modes and increasing aggregate size smear, shift, and damp these dynamical features.
Complete Electrochemical Characterization and Limiting Current of Polyacetal Electrolytes
Authors: Choo Youngwoo , Snyder Rachel L. , Shah Neel J. , Abel Brooks A. , Coates Geoffrey W. , Balsara Nitash P.
Published: January 2022

We investigate a polyacetal-based electrolyte, poly(1,3,6-trioxocane) (P(2EO-MO)) mixed with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, and report full electrochemical characterization of the transport parameters and a thermodynamic property in comparison to the previously reported poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolyte data [D. Gribble et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 166, A3228 (2019)]. While the steady-state current fraction (ρ
+) of P(2EO-MO) electrolyte is greater than that of PEO electrolyte in the entire salt concentration window we explored, the rigorously defined transference number using Newman’s concentrated solution theory (

t

+

0

) appears to be similar to that of PEO electrolyte. On the basis of full electrochemical characterization, we calculate the salt concentration profile as a function of position in the cell and predict limiting current density (i

L

L) as a function of salt concentration. Experimental data were compared to the predicted values. The non-monotonic behaviors were observed both in prediction and experimental results with offset peak positions. We find that the limiting current density of P(2EO-MO) electrolyte is systematically lower than that of PEO electrolyte in most of the salt concentrations with the exception of r
av = 0.05. It is noteworthy that even though one measure of electrolyte efficacy (κρ
+) is superior in P(2EO-MO) electrolyte, the limiting current density, which is another metric of electrolyte efficacy at high currents, is not greater in P(2EO-MO).
µCT to quantify muco-obstructive lung disease and effects of neutrophil elastase knockout in mice
Authors: Zhu Lin , Duerr Julia , Zhou-Suckow Zhe , Wagner Willi , Weinheimer Oliver , Salomon Johanna , Leitz Dominik , Konietzke Philip , Yu Hong , Ackermann Maximilian , Stiller Wolfram , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Mall Marcus A. , Wielpütz Mark O.
Published: January 2022

Muco-obstructive lung diseases are characterized by airway obstruction and hyperinflation, which can be quantified by imaging. Our aim was to evaluate µCT for longitudinal quantification of muco-obstructive lung disease in β-epithelial Na+ channel overexpressing ( Scnn1b-TG) mice and of the effects of neutrophil elastase (NE) knockout on its progression. Lungs from wild-type (WT), NE−/−, Scnn1b-TG, and Scnn1b-TG/NE−/− mice were scanned with 9-µm resolution at 0, 5, 14, and 60 days of age, and airway and parenchymal disease was quantified. Mucus adhesion lesions (MAL) were persistently increased in Scnn1b-TG compared with WT mice from 0 days (20.25 ± 6.50 vs. 9.60 ± 2.07, P < 0.05), and this effect was attenuated in Scnn1b-TG/NE−/− mice (5.33 ± 3.67, P < 0.001). Airway wall area percentage (WA%) was increased in Scnn1b-TG mice compared with WT from 14 days onward (59.2 ± 6.3% vs. 49.8 ± 9.0%, P < 0.001) but was similar in Scnn1b-TG/NE−/− compared with WT at 60 days (46.4 ± 9.2% vs. 45.4 ± 11.5%, P = 0.97). Air proportion (Air%) and mean linear intercept ( Lm) were persistently increased in Scnn1b-TG compared with WT from 5 days on (53.9 ± 4.5% vs. 30.0 ± 5.5% and 78.82 ± 8.44 µm vs. 65.66 ± 4.15 µm, respectively, P < 0.001), whereas in Scnn1b-TG/NE−/−, Air% and Lm were similar to WT from birth (27.7 ± 5.5% vs. 27.2 ± 5.9%, P = 0.92 and 61.48 ± 9.20 µm vs. 61.70 ± 6.73 µm, P = 0.93, respectively). Our results suggest that µCT is sensitive to detect the onset and progression of muco-obstructive lung disease and effects of genetic deletion of NE on morphology of airways and lung parenchyma in Scnn1b-TG mice, and that it may serve as a sensitive endpoint for preclinical studies of novel therapeutic interventions for muco-obstructive lung diseases.
ARTE index revisited: linking biomarkers of cardiometabolic health with free-living physical activity in postmenopausal women
Authors: Carter Stephen J. , Baranauskas Marissa N. , Singh Harshvardhan , Martins Catia , Hunter Gary R.
Published: January 2022

Activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) correlates with physical activity volume; however, between-person differences in body size and walking economy (net V̇o2) can influence AEE. The ratio of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) estimates physical activity level (PAL) relative to body mass, yet does not account for variance in walking economy. The activity-related time equivalent (ARTEwalk) circumvents such constraints by adjusting for individual-specific walking economy. Herein, we compared AEE, PAL, and ARTEwalk index in a cohort ( n = 81) of postmenopausal women while examining possible associations with biomarkers of cardiometabolic health. Secondary analyses were performed on postmenopausal women dichotomized above/below age group 50th percentile for body fat percent. TEE was reduced by 10% for the thermogenesis of digestion wherein AEE was calculated by subtracting REE from adjusted TEE. PAL was calculated as the ratio of TEE/REE. AEE was divided by the mean net energy expenditure of nongraded walking to calculate the ARTEwalk index. Between-group differences were not detected for AEE or PAL. However, the ARTEwalk index revealed that participants with less adiposity were more physically active (258 ± 149 vs. 198 ± 115 min·day−1; P = 0.046; g = 0.46). AEE and PAL did not correlate with cardiorespiratory fitness or biomarkers of cardiometabolic health. Cardiorespiratory fitness ( r = 0.32), arterial elasticity ( r = 0.24), total cholesterol/HDL-c ratio ( r = −0.22), and body fat% ( r = −0.24) were correlated with ARTEwalk. The ARTEwalk index may offer utility in detecting possible differences in physical activity volume among postmenopausal women and appears better associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers compared with AEE or PAL.
Imbalance and dizziness caused by unilateral vestibular schwannomas correlate with vestibulo-ocular reflex precision and bias
Authors: King Susan , Dahlem Kilian , Karmali Faisal , Stankovic Konstantina M. , Welling D. Bradley , Lewis Richard F.
Published: January 2022

The severity of symptoms associated with unilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS) is poorly correlated with standard yaw-axis vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) metrics that are based on response amplitude. In this study, we show that the balance and perceptual dysfunction experienced by patients with VS scales with VOR metrics that capture information about the central signal-to-noise ratio (balance) and central static tone (dizziness), but are not correlated with the VOR gain, which reflects central signal amplitude.
Data Analysis of Fiscal Expenditure and GDP Based on Financial Budget Performance Evaluation Indicators
Authors: Zhang Jianhui
Published: January 2022

The proportion of fiscal revenue in GDP and the multiplier of fiscal expenditure are important economic benefit indicators in the framework of a common index system for budget performance evaluation. The correlation between fiscal expenditure and GDP constitutes an important indicator to measure fiscal scale, and the scale and structure of fiscal expenditure play a guiding role in the distribution of social renewable production. At the same time, there is a certain mutual promotion between the two. This paper selects the data of China’s GDP and fiscal expenditure from 1998 to 2019, analyzes the trend, respectively, and then carries out correlation and regression analysis. On this basis, it scientifically calculates the scale of China’s GDP in the next five years and puts forward suggestions to optimize fiscal expenditure.
Safety Influencing Factors and Management Countermeasures of Patients Transferred from ICU in Transition Period Based on Intelligent Processor Three-Dimensional Quality Model
Authors: Huang Ping , Zhu Li , Wu Qi , Hu Weishu
Published: January 2022

With the development of science and technology of the times, the level of medical care is constantly improving. For patients transferred from ICU, the intelligent processor 3D quality model technology has gradually played an important role in clinical treatment and has become a new type of attention. In order to understand the implementation status of transitional care and the feelings of transitional care for patients transferred from ICU and understand the views of transitional care-related department doctors on transitional patient care and the role that the intelligent processor three-dimensional quality model can play, this article passed a review of the city ICU transferred patients from a hospital that conducted related investigations, reviewed related literature, conducted interviews with professionals, etc., collected relevant information, constructed case templates, and created a clinical research model using comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study found that, after treatment, patients transferred from the ICU based on the intelligent processor’s three-dimensional quality model have higher physical activity than patients treated by other methods, the ratio is more than 20%, and the postoperative recovery efficiency of patients is higher than 15% and more. This shows that the three-dimensional quality model based on the intelligent processor can improve the important role in the transition period of patients transferred from ICU.
An Intelligent Proposed Model for Task Offloading in Fog-Cloud Collaboration Using Logistics Regression
Authors: Bukhari Muhammad Mazhar , Ghazal Taher M. , Abbas Sagheer , Khan M. A. , Farooq Umer , Wahbah Hasan , Ahmad Munir , Adnan Khan Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Smart applications and intelligent systems are being developed that are self-reliant, adaptive, and knowledge-based in nature. Emergency and disaster management, aerospace, healthcare, IoT, and mobile applications, among them, revolutionize the world of computing. Applications with a large number of growing devices have transformed the current design of centralized cloud impractical. Despite the use of 5G technology, delay-sensitive applications and cloud cannot go parallel due to exceeding threshold values of certain parameters like latency, bandwidth, response time, etc. Middleware proves to be a better solution to cope up with these issues while satisfying the high requirements task offloading standards. Fog computing is recommended middleware in this research article in view of the fact that it provides the services to the edge of the network; delay-sensitive applications can be entertained effectively. On the contrary, fog nodes contain a limited set of resources that may not process all tasks, especially of computation-intensive applications. Additionally, fog is not the replacement of the cloud, rather supplement to the cloud, both behave like counterparts and offer their services correspondingly to compliance the task needs but fog computing has relatively closer proximity to the devices comparatively cloud. The problem arises when a decision needs to take what is to be offloaded: data, computation, or application, and more specifically where to offload: either fog or cloud and how much to offload. Fog-cloud collaboration is stochastic in terms of task-related attributes like task size, duration, arrival rate, and required resources. Dynamic task offloading becomes crucial in order to utilize the resources at fog and cloud to improve QoS. Since this formation of task offloading policy is a bit complex in nature, this problem is addressed in the research article and proposes an intelligent task offloading model. Simulation results demonstrate the authenticity of the proposed logistic regression model acquiring 86% accuracy compared to other algorithms and confidence in the predictive task offloading policy by making sure process consistency and reliability.
Generalized Terzaghi’s Effective Stress Equation for Unsaturated Soil: An Independent Phase Balance Approach That Considers a Pore Water Content Gradient
Authors: Zeng Lifeng , Shao Longtan
Published: January 2022

The effective stress equation for unsaturated soil is the most important equation in unsaturated soil mechanics. It has been derived by many scholars using different methods. However, none of them considered the gradient of the pore water content, which results in unreasonable force balance equations for different constituent phases in unsaturated soil. To introduce the gradient, we propose an extended three-phase physical model that includes capillary water, air, and generalized soil skeletons. Based on this model, three balance equations for these three constituent phases are separately formulated by considering the gradient of the pore water content. Comparing the result of the superposition of these three balance equations with the total balance equation, we derive a generalized Terzaghi’s effective stress equation. This equation states that the effective stress is equal to the total stress minus the neutral stress. In comparison with the classical Bishop’s equation, the generalized Terzaghi’s equation ensures a smooth and continuous transition from unsaturated to saturated conditions not only in mathematical expression but also in physical meaning. Furthermore, the different pressure effects of capillary water and adsorbed water, their volumetric (or areal) effects, and the transformation between them can be considered by adopting the effective saturation of the capillary water as the effective stress parameter. Therefore, the generalized Terzaghi’s equation can provide a better choice for estimating the effective stress in unsaturated soils.
Preparedness to Combat Determinants of Underweight‐Based Child Malnutrition in Flood‐Affected Areas of Pakistan
Authors: Haq Ijaz ul , He Xiang , Mujahid Abdul Majid , Ibrahim Hira , Mehmood Zafar , Shah Jahan , Ahmed Bilal , Khan Amjad , Zakki Shahbaz Ahmad , Haq Ihtisham Ul , Shahzad Muhammad , Muhammad Javed , Xu Jielian , Ahmed Saeed , Sohail Muhammad , Miao Jing
Published: January 2022

Aims. Floods badly impact the food and nutrition security in developing countries. The role of the government and the impact of floods on the underweight status of children in the affected areas is not clear. We aimed to find the determinants of underweight in flood‐affected areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods. We used a multistage sampling technique and selected 656 households during in the flood‐affected areas of Pakistan. Data were collected in the three most affected districts. A validated questionnaire was used to find socioeconomic and demographic information, hygiene, and sanitation information. We used logistic regression to find the determinants of underweight, controlling for confounders. Results. The prevalence of global malnutrition based on underweight was 25.2%. The prevalence of underweight was higher in young age mothers (40.6%), younger age children (71.4%), large family size (28.4%), joint family (27%), and no toilet facility (28.9%). District Nowshera was at high risk of underweight based undernutrition, followed by district Charsadda compared to children belonging to Dera Ismail Khan. The significant risk factor that causes underweight was child lower age (p < 0.01), young age of mothers (p < 0.01), children access to unimproved water sources (p < 0.01), and location (districts) due to environmental and constant flood consequences (p < 0.01). Conclusion. In conclusion, risk factors of underweight should be appropriately targeted in the flood‐hit areas of Pakistan. Governments should preallocate budgetary resources and enhance the emergency preparedness levels to facilitate the communities with flooding incidents and their aftermath in the shape of child underweight‐based malnutrition.
Optimal Enteral Nutrition Support Preserved Muscle Mass in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Sirianansopa Kantisa , Rassameehirun Chavisa , Chomtho Sirinuch , Suteerojntrakool Orapa , Kongkiattikul Lalida
Published: January 2022

Background. Inflammation and immobility are the most relevant mechanisms that alter protein synthesis and increase protein breakdown. Protein catabolism is associated with morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. Objective. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the routinely used enteral nutrition support guideline in preventing muscle breakdown in critically ill children. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Critically ill children (aged 1 month to 15 years) admitted to the PICU were enrolled. All patients were assessed for nutritional status and nutritional requirement. Enteral nutrition support following the guideline was initiated within the first 24 hours if no contraindication. The calorie target was defined either by direct measurement from indirect calorimetry or estimated from Schofield equation with protein target at least 1.5 g/kg/day. Anthropometric assessments and body composition measurements by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were examined at baseline and on the seventh day of the PICU admission. Results. Sixty-three patients were enrolled in the study. The most common age group was 1–5 years old (38.1%). The length of PICU stay was 9.1 (SD = 12.7) days. Respiratory problems were the major cause of PICU admission (50.8%). Mechanical ventilation was required in 55.6% of the patients with the average duration of 6.3 (SD = 12.4) days. Undernutrition was found in 36.5% of the patients. Enteral feeding was the major route of nutrition support (95.2%). After the first week of admission, muscle mass was significantly preserved (p<0.01). All patients received the nutrition support at their target energy and protein goal within the first week. The enteral feeding-related complication was reported in 1.6% of the patients. Conclusion. Protein catabolism during critically ill period can be minimized by optimal nutrition support. Nutrition practice using the enteral nutrition support guideline was effective in helping critically ill children reach their target caloric and protein intake.
Intelligent Guidance and Control Methods for Missile Swarm
Authors: Huang Hanqiao , Zhao Xin , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: January 2022

High-speed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are more and more widely used in both military and civil fields at present, especially the missile swarm attack, and will play an irreplaceable key role in the future war as a special combat mode. This study summarizes the guidance and control methods of missile swarm attack operation. First, the traditional design ideas of the guidance and control system are introduced; then, the typical swarm attack guidance and control methods are analyzed by taking their respective characteristics into considering, and the limitations of the traditional design methods are given. On this basis, the study focuses on the advantages of intelligent integrated guidance and control design over traditional design ideas, summarizes the commonly used integrated guidance and control design methods and their applications, and explores the cooperative attack strategy of missile swarm suitable for the integrated guidance and control system. Finally, the challenges of missile swarm guidance and control are described, and the problems worthy of further research in the future are prospected. Summarizing the guidance and control methods of missile will contribute to the innovative research in this field, so as to promote the rapid development of unmanned swarm attack technology.
A Study on Regional GDP Forecasting Analysis Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network with Genetic Algorithm (RBFNN-GA) for Shandong Economy
Authors: Zhang Qing , Abdullah Abdul Rashid , Chong Choo Wei , Ali Mass Hareeza
Published: January 2022

Gross domestic product (GDP) is an important indicator for determining a country’s or region’s economic status and development level, and it is closely linked to inflation, unemployment, and economic growth rates. These basic indicators can comprehensively and effectively reflect a country’s or region’s future economic development. The center of radial basis function neural network and smoothing factor to take a uniform distribution of the random radial basis function artificial neural network will be the focus of this study. This stochastic learning method is a useful addition to the existing methods for determining the center and smoothing factors of radial basis function neural networks, and it can also help the network more efficiently train. GDP forecasting is aided by the genetic algorithm radial basis neural network, which allows the government to make timely and effective macrocontrol plans based on the forecast trend of GDP in the region. This study uses the genetic algorithm radial basis, neural network model, to make judgments on the relationships contained in this sequence and compare and analyze the prediction effect and generalization ability of the model to verify the applicability of the genetic algorithm radial basis, neural network model, based on the modeling of historical data, which may contain linear and nonlinear relationships by itself, so this study uses the genetic algorithm radial basis, neural network model, to make, compare, and analyze judgments on the relationships contained in this sequence.
Research on Intelligent Dispatching System Management Platform for Construction Projects Based on Digital Twin and BIM Technology
Authors: Sun Heng , Liu Zhe
Published: January 2022

Building Information Modeling (BIM) adoption along with the recent emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) applications provides many unique knowledge and decision‐making abilities all through the built environment’s life cycle. The ability to connect online sensors utilized in surroundings in real time has led to the definition of the Digital Twin (DT) of the Building Design. The goal of Digital Twins is to synchronize the physical world with a virtual platform for seamless management and control of the construction process, infrastructure solutions, environmental monitoring, and other life span processes within building design. Most of the researchers focused on either BIM or DT in the construction of building application. In this research work, a novel hybrid model of Digital Twin‐Building Information Modeling (DT‐BIM) is proposed. This model does the process of identifying the shortage of resources, analyzing requirement, performing decision, dispatching the resources, and updating all the process in the database with the support of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Hence, this hybrid model provides improved results when compared to the implementation of the individual technology to the same application. The study results revealed that these hybrid technologies help in assisting the dispatch systems in the construction projects to a greater extent.
Research on the Artistic Conception of Multimedia-Assisted Ancient Poetry Based on AI Technology
Authors: Jiao Yanna
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the visual display effect of the artistic conception of ancient poems, this paper combines AI technology to construct a multimedia-assisted artistic conception creation system of ancient poetry and combines probabilistic latent semantic analysis to analyze the semantic artistic conception of ancient poetry. Moreover, with the support of multimedia simulation technology, this paper improves the multimedia teaching mode to improve the effect of multimedia-assisted ancient poetry teaching. In addition, this paper constructs a multimedia-assisted artistic conception creation system of ancient poetry based on AI technology and designs experiments to conduct system performance research. The experimental research results show that the multimedia-assisted artistic conception creation system of ancient poetry proposed in this paper has a good teaching effect and has an important role in promoting the study of the artistic conception of ancient poetry.
Comparison of Diagnostic Efficacy among Transvaginal Sonography, Transabdominal Sonography, and 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Early Cesarean Scar Pregnancy
Authors: Wang Ke , Jing Fangbin
Published: January 2022

Objective. To compare the diagnostic efficacy among transvaginal sonography (TVS), transabdominal sonography (TAS), and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods. The clinical data of 65 patients initially diagnosed with CSP in our hospital from November 2019 to November 2020 were selected for the retrospective analysis, and all patients received TVS, TAS, and 3.0 T MRI. Taking the pathological findings as the “gold standard”, the diagnostic efficacy of different diagnostic modalities in early CSP was compared. Results. In terms of the AUC value, the result was 3.0 T MRI > TVS > TAS, and among the three diagnosis methods, 3.0 T MRI had the highest diagnostic specificity, and TVS and 3.0 T MRI had the highest sensitivity; other than intragestational hemorrhage, the detection rates of other signs of disease by TVS and TAS were significantly higher than 3.0 T MRI (

P

 < 0.05). Conclusion. 3.0 T MRI has better diagnostic efficacy in early CSP than TVS and TAS, while TVS and TAS work better in diagnosing uterine bleeding, plumule, yolk sac, and fetal heartbeat than 3.0 T MRI. The results are more beneficial to the guidance on selecting treatment modalities.
Identification of Key Prognostic-Related miRNA-mRNA Pairs in the Progression of Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Dong Ying , Zhang Ting , Li Xining , Yu Feng , Yu Hongwei , Shao Shengwen
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the leading causes of death from gynecological cancer due to the high recurrence rate. However, the molecular mechanisms of EC progression are not well understood. This study aimed to identify critical genes and miRNAs associated with the progression and prognosis of EC and find the potential mRNA-miRNA regulatory relationship. Design: The mRNA and miRNA data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Next, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Subsequently, prognosis-related genes and miRNAs were identified, followed by co-expression analysis of these mRNAs and miRNAs. Materials, Setting, and Methods: Samples in the mRNA microarray were divided into normal (n = 35), early stage (n = 385), and advanced stage (n = 153). Next, DEGs in normal versus early stage and early stage versus advanced stage were, respectively, identified, followed by Venn analysis to screen overlapping DEGs in 2 comparison groups. Based on the expression level of these DEGs, univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier method were performed to obtain prognosis-related genes. Moreover, genes-related miRNAs were predicted, and miRNA-mRNA co-expressed pairs were identified. Then, survival analysis of co-expressed miRNA was performed. Finally, co-expressed genes of key genes were identified, and then functional enrichment analysis was conducted. Results: After integrating analysis, 326 overlapping (309 upregulated and 17 downregulated) DEGs were obtained. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that 44 mRNAs and 8 miRNAs were associated with the prognosis of EC. Combined with the co-expressed analysis, only one prognosis-related hsa-miR-326/ELFN2 axis was obtained. In addition, functional enrichment analysis showed that co-expressed genes of ELFN2 were mainly involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Limitations: These findings were obtained via bioinformatics analysis, and thus further experimental studies are urgently demanded to validate our results. Conclusions: One key miRNA-mRNA regulatory pair (hsa-miR-326-ELFN2) was screened. This study provided a bioinformatics basis for the molecular mechanism of EC progression and might contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Best Practice Recommendations for Dysphagia Management in Stroke Patients: A Consensus from a Portuguese Expert Panel
Authors: Oliveira Isabel de Jesus , Couto Germano Rodrigues , Santos Rosa Vilares , Campolargo Ana Maria , Lima Cláudia , Ferreira Pedro Lopes
Published: January 2022

Dysphagia is frequent after stroke, and it increases the risk of respiratory infection, dehydration and malnutrition, resulting in worse outcomes. Different clinical guidelines present recommendations for the assessment and management of dysphagia in stroke patients in a scattered way. These best practice recommendations address seven clinical questions on the assessment and management of dysphagia in stroke patients, gathering the best-updated evidence. A systematic literature review using the PICO strategy was performed. The recommendations draft was then appraised by a multidisciplinary panel of experts (nutritionists, physiatrists, speech-language pathologists and rehabilitation nurses) in a total of 3 Delphi rounds. A minimum of 80% consensus was established, and the final version offers a total of 21 recommendations for use in clinical practice for stroke patients. These clinical recommendations are an overview of the most recent evidence combined with experts’ consensus and translated into clinically relevant statements. In implementing recommendations at the local level, health professionals should identify facilitators and barriers to evidence-based practice within their contexts and determine the best strategies to address local needs. Where the change is needed, initial and continuing training on all recommendations is essential and relevant.
Signos do consumo e a insatisfação do sujeito
Authors: Jungk Isabel
Published: January 2022

Rica interface conceitual, a aplicação conjunta da semiótica e da psicanálise fornece elementos potentes para analisar a comunicação publicitária e seus efeitos na contemporaneidade. Essa combinação possibilita um olhar atento sobre produções da sociedade capitalista e sua influência na subjetividade, até mesmo como fonte de contradições, insatisfação e sintomas culturais. Neste artigo são apresentados os conceitos de signo, seus modos de associação, de inconsciente e sua flexibilidade significante, mostrando como a compreensão dos processos de significação sob essa perspectiva descortina uma visão abrangente entre o discurso publicitário, com suas estratégias permeadas de sugestões ao consumo, e a condição de sujeito do desejo, dividido entre consciente e inconsciente, entre um modo ter e ser de desejar.
Glória e caos no futuro da cidade de São Paulo: Imprensa, política e intelectualidade em meados do século XX
Authors: Zorek Bruno
Published: January 2022

A partir da análise da imprensa, de projetos urbanísticos e de textos de intelectuais, este artigo discute algumas transformações nas representações do futuro da cidade de São Paulo nas décadas de 1950 e 1960. Na primeira metade do século XX, o crescimento urbano foi hegemonicamente representado nos jornais, no mundo intelectual e entre os urbanistas como um elemento positivo para o progresso e modernização de São Paulo. Contudo, depois que a metrópole se tornou a cidade mais importante do Brasil, as expectativas sobre seu destino se alteraram. Uma série de problemas ganhou espaço nessas representações, figurando lado a lado com as esperanças de uma cidade melhor. O futuro de São Paulo se tornava assim esgarçado entre perspectivas redentoras e apocalípticas, cada qual ancorada em pontos específicos do espaço social e cultivadas por setores distintos das elites locais.
Local hunting practices and perceptions regarding the distribution and ecological role of the Large Flying Fox (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae: Pteropus vampyrus) in western Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Mohd-Azlan Jayasilan , Yong Joon Yee , Mohd Hazzrol Nabila Norshuhadah , Pengiran Philovenny , Atong Arianti , Abdul Aziz Sheema
Published: January 2022

Pteropodids such as flying foxes are declining rapidly across their range due to human activities, despite their benefit to humans through ecosystem services. The Large Flying Fox Pteropus vampyrus had a wide distribution across Borneo, but is now severely reduced in numbers, and rarely sighted. In order to develop effective conservation and management prescriptions for this species, updated information on its distribution, movement patterns, and the impact of anthropogenic pressure on its survival is crucial. As such, a questionnaire survey was conducted in western Sarawak to determine the occurrence of this species, and the conservation awareness for the species amongst local communities. The survey was conducted at nine sites during November 2018 – March 2019, involving a total of 123 respondents, including hunters (20%) and consumers (35%) of P. vampyrus. Respondents reported that P. vampyrus appears sporadically around the western tip of Borneo, and around the interior parts of western Sarawak, with more than half (51%) of the reported sightings in the interior occurring at fruit orchards during the fruiting and flowering seasons. Despite hunting and consuming this species, over 60% of the respondents felt that P. vampyrus could become an eco-tourism product in their area. Although many respondents viewed flying foxes as pests (47%) or food (52%), there was remarkably high awareness of the ecological roles and conservation needs of this species (76%), suggesting potentially strong support for flying fox conservation at the local level. Challenges associated with the enforcement of wildlife law in the remote parts of Sarawak need to be addressed, alongside strategic education and awareness efforts, which are all vital to achieve successful conservation and protection of this ecologically important species.
Carbon Emission Performance and Regime Type: The Role of Inequality
Authors: Bakaki Zorzeta , Böhmelt Tobias , Ward Hugh
Published: January 2022

Existing results about the impact of regime type on states’ environmental performance are inconclusive. This could stem from failure to allow for economic inequality—a largely overlooked factor. More equal democratic societies, we contend, are likely to make greater progress in dealing with environmental problems. However, inequality undermines those processes and characteristics of democratic polities that are supposed to further environmental protection. In contrast, inequality is unlikely to be of much importance in authoritarian states. Using data on carbon emission performance for the post-1970 period, we find strong and robust evidence that inequality moderates the influence of democracy. Our research adds to the debate about regime type and environmental politics.
Corvi e adulatori
Authors: Savino Christina
Published: January 2022

Crows and flatterers are compared in an ancient Greek saying because of their harmfulness and damage to human beings. The saying «it is better to fall amongst crows than flatterers» is attributed to the Cynic seem philosopher Antisthenes of Athens on the basis of several literary sources. All these seem to go back to Cynic doxography and ethics, relying on the Stoic thinker Hecaton of Rhodes. Previous witnesses are not extant, but a reference to the saying could possibly be found in Aristophanes’ Wasps. Indeed, Wasps 42–46 not only features the wordplay κόραξ/κόλαξ as a speech defect of Alcibiades, which seems to be rather a comic device, but also hints at a link between the crow and the flatterer. Performed in 422, before Antisthenes’ teaching as a Cynic, Aristophanes’ Wasps could represent the first literary attestation of the saying on crows and flatterers, which probably went back to the Greek sapiential heritage.
Kowtowing to a Non-natural Realm
Authors: Bedke Matthew S.
Published: January 2022

Non-naturalists face a dilemma. They either leave their normative views hostage to a non-natural realm, which is immoral, or they do not, which is irrational. David Enoch has argued that the problem rests on cases of junk knowledge — conditionals that cannot be used to expand knowledge via modus ponens. Camil Golub has suggested that the dilemma rests on questionable assumptions about how we might come to know about the non-natural. Here I reply to these worries, sharpen the dilemma, and situate it in the literature on doxastic wrongs.
Transmission and Reception of Isaac ibn Sahula’s Kabbalistic Commentary on Two Psalms
Authors: Campanini Saverio
Published: January 2022

In his largely fabulous Historia eclesiastica, politica, natural y moral published in Valencia in 1610, the Dominican Luis de Urreta offers a brief survey of the riches of the Ethiopian imperial library with great admiration. The universal character of the Emperor’s library ensured that it also contained a good selection of Jewish authors and Hebrew books. Among them one can find two names that are in fact one: Isaac ben Sahula. This article documents how Christian knowledge of this author and of some of his works came about, through which ways it became very much widespread, also examining in passing the false attributions of works or rather ideas that became commonplace, especially between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries. Finally, it will show that a very large part of his fame derived from a single Hebrew manuscript.
Legume additions to the flora of China
Authors: JIANG KAI-WEN , TIAN BIN , PAN BO
Published: January 2022

Six legume taxa are added to the flora of China. Among them, two native taxa, Pueraria bella and Teyleria barbata, and one naturalized species, Desmodium uncinatum, are reported as newly recorded species, while Flemingia vestita is rediscovered and Flemingia yunnanensis is reinstated based on morphological evidence. Mucuna pruriens var. hirsuta is also newly recorded to China, and M. incurvata is considered as a new synonym of it. Comprehensive descriptions, photographs, conservation status assessments, and some taxonomic notes on these taxa, as well as updated keys to the taxa of Desmodium, Flemingia, Pueraria, and Mucuna subg. Stizolobium distributed in China are also given.
Revisiting the lectotypifications of Senecio plantaginifolius, S. setchuenensis and S. souliei (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)
Authors: LI CHENG-SHENG , CHI XIAO-RUI , FEI WEN-QUN , REN CHEN
Published: January 2022

The problems about the original material and typifications of Senecio plantaginifolius (= Ligularia virgaurea), S. setchuenensis (≡ Synotis setchuenensis), and S. souliei (≡ Parasenecio souliei) have been revisited. The correct lectotype of S. souliei is the P00705033 sheet of Soulié s.n. designated by Koyama (Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 30: 75. 1979), and that of S. plantaginifolius should be Soulié s.n. (P02676722) designated by Hu (Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 21: 137. 1968). For S. setchuenensis, it is better to only accept the P00705011 and P00705012 sheets of Soulié 198 as its original material, and the lectotype is P00705011 designated by Yu et al. (Pl. Diversity Resources 36: 593. 2014).
Citronella suaveolens, a new generic record for Vietnam, with a key to Vietnamese Cardiopteridaceae
Authors: NURALIEV MAXIM S. , SCHORI MELANIE , TAGANE SHUICHIRO , KUZNETSOV ANDREY N. , KUZNETSOVA SVETLANA P. , UTTERIDGE TIMOTHY M.A.
Published: January 2022

Citronella suaveolens is reported from Quang Nam Province in southern Vietnam, representing the first record of this species and the genus Citronella in the country and in mainland Southeast Asia in general. Detailed photographic illustrations of studied specimens are provided. A key to the Vietnamese genera and species of Cardiopteridaceae is presented. Diversity of Citronella in the Malesian region is discussed. Floristic affinities of Malesia and Eastern Indochina are highlighted by a list of illustrative examples.
Lectotypification, taxonomy and distribution of Braunia plicata (Bryopsida, Hedwigiaceae) in South America and Mexico
Authors: DE LUNA EFRAÍN
Published: January 2022

Diagnosis and illustrations are given for Braunia plicata (Mitt.) A. Jaeger., and lectotypes for two names are designated. One of Bridges specimens (Bridges s. n.) located at BM hb-Hooker is the lectotype for B. plicata.  A duplicate of Pringle 15171 at P hb-Cardot is the lectotype for B. plicata var canescens Card.  This name is retained as synonym of B. plicata. The worldwide distribution of the species is documented in Bolivia, Peru, and Mexico.
Choice of Mastectomy May Increase the Extent of Axillary Surgery in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Zaveri Shruti , Romanoff Anya , Hirt Leeza , Thompson Lauren , Pisapati Kereeti V. , Weltz Christina , Schmidt Hank , Port Elisa
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Based on the ACOSOG Z0011 trial, women who undergo breast conservation therapy (BCT) and have limited disease in the axilla on sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy do not require axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). In this study we investigate the incidence of ALND in patients undergoing elective mastectomy with limited disease in the axilla to identify how many women may have been spared additional axillary surgery if they chose BCT.

Methods

All women with invasive breast cancer treated at a single tertiary care breast center from 2010-2018 who were candidates for BCT but elected mastectomy and underwent SLN biopsy were identified through retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of ALND in women found to have a limited burden of disease in the axilla (1-2 positive SLNs).

Results

The study population comprised 151 patients with invasive breast cancer eligible for BCT who chose mastectomy. On final pathology, 34 patients had 1-2 positive SLNs, and 16 of these patients underwent completion ALND. These 16 patients out of 151 overall lumpectomy candidates electing mastectomy (10.6%) could have been spared ALND if they did not elect mastectomy.

Discussion

BCT candidates electing mastectomy have a 10.6% chance of undergoing more extensive axillary surgery than would have been recommended with BCT alone. The increased risk of undergoing additional axillary surgery should be incorporated into the preoperative discussion for patients choosing between BCT and mastectomy.
Considering the Hidden and Null Curricula in Music Education: Becoming Vigilantly Aware
Authors: Knapp Erika J.
Published: January 2022

Curriculum is a representation of the ideas that drive music teachers’ decisions in their planning and instruction. Yet some components of curriculum are never written down but are prevalent in a music teacher’s instruction; these components are often called the null or hidden curricula. This article considers what these curricula are, how they play out in the classroom, and what the implications are for students if they go unchecked. Specific teaching examples highlight vignettes of the impact of these curricula for both educators and students. Finally, music educators are invited to consider ways to become aware of these curricula and take steps toward creating more equitable and inclusive spaces.