bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immune responses following the first dose of the Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac)
Authors: Jeewandara Chandima , Fernando Harsha , Pushpakumara Pradeep , Tanussiya Shyrar , Kamaladasa Achala , Gunasekara Banuri , Aberathna Inoka , Kuruppu Heshan , Ranasinghe Thushali , Dayarathne Shashika , Dissanayaka Osanda , Gamalath Nayanathara , Ekanayaka Dinithi , Jayamali MPDJ , Wijesinghe Ayesha , Dissanayake Madushika , Somathilaka Gayasha , Harvie Michael , Danasekara Saubhagya , Jayathilaka Deshni , Wijayathilaka Dinesh , Weerasooriya Nihal , Kekulandara Chinthaka , Schimanski Lisa , Rijal Pramila , Tan Tiong Kit , Dong Tao , Townsend Alain , Ogg Graham , Malavige Gathsaurie
Published: August 2021

As the first dose of Gam-COVID-Vac, is currently used as a single dose vaccine in some countries, we investigated the immunogenicity of this at 4 weeks (327 naïve individuals). 88.7% seroconverted, with significantly lower seroconversion rates in those over 60 years (p = 0.004) and significantly lower than previously seen with AZD1222 (p = 0.018). 82.6% developed ACE2 receptor blocking antibodies, although levels were significantly lower than following natural infection (p = 0.0009) and a single dose of AZD1222 (p < 0.0001). Similar titres of antibodies were observed to the receptor binding domain of WT, B.1.1.7 and B.1.617.2 compared to AZD1222, while the levels for B.1.351 were significantly higher (p = 0.006) for Gam-COVID-Vac. 30% developed ex vivo IFNγ ELISpot responses (significantly lower than AZD1222), and high frequency of CD107a expressing T cells along with memory B cell responses. Although single dose of Gam-COVID-Vac was highly immunogenic, administration of a second dose is likely to be beneficial.
Enhanced oil removal from a real polymer production plant by cellulose nanocrystals - Serine incorporated polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Asadi Azar , Gholami Foad , Zinatizadeh Ali Akbar
Published: August 2021

As discharging oily wastewater from industries to the environment is a potential threat for the aquatic ecosystem, in this research oil removal from a real case of Kermanshah polymer production plant wastewater was investigated. The focus of this study was on improving the oil rejection performance of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane due to adding cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and modified CNC with Serine amino acid (CNC-Ser) in PES mix matrix. From the results, the membranes embedded with CNC-Ser showed better performance in terms of water flux, flux recovery ratio and oil rejection (higher than 97%) compared to the modified membranes with CNC. The lowest water contact angle (41.370), the smoother surface and higher negative surface potential (-24 mv) was achieved for the optimum loading of CNC-Ser. Besides, long-term performance of the membranes with optimum loading of CNC and CNC-Ser were compared in both dead-end and cross-flow set-ups.
Transfer Learning Based Multiclass Classification For Covid-19 Detection Using Chest X-Rays
Authors: Monga Japman Singh , Champawat Yuvraj Singh , Kharb Seema
Published: August 2021

In the year 2020 world came to a halt due to spread of Covid-19 or SARS-CoV2 which was first identified in Wuhan, China. Since then, it has caused plethora of problems around the globe such as loss of millions of lives, economic instability etc. Less effectiveness of detection through Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and also prolonged time needed for detection through the same calls for a substitute for Covid-19 detection. Hence, in this study, we aim to develop a transfer learning based multi-class classifier using Chest X-Ray images which will classify the X-Ray images in 3 classes (Covid-19, Pneumonia, Normal). Further, the proposed model has been trained with deep learning classifiers namely: DenseNet201, Xception, ResNet50V2, VGG16, VGG-19, InceptionResNetV2 .These are evaluated on the basis of accuracy, precision and recall as performance parameters. It has been observed that DenseNet201 is the best deep learning model with 82.2% accuracy.
Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Options through strengthening carbon Management in Central Africa: Biomass allometric models of Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss (meliaceae) in Cameroon
Authors: Awé Djongmo Victor , Vroh Bi Tra Aimé , Noiha Noumi Valery , Ganamé Moussa , Wanguili Djawé Yannick , Maïtching Mboudga Christelle , Nyeck Boris , Zapfack Louis
Published: August 2021

This study focused on the development of allometric models of Khaya senegalensis in order to establish a basis for calculating carbon stocks. The research was carried out in the Adamawa, North and Far North region of Cameroon. The weighing of the samples of each part (stem, branch, leaf) of the sample of trees composed of 60 feet of Khaya senegalensis and their drying in the oven made it possible to know the dry biomass of each subject Adjusted coefficients of determination (Adj.R2), residual standard error (RSE) and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) were used to choose the best models. Thus, the tested models presented varied performances. The various analyzes have confirmed that the diameter at breast height (DBH) is the variable that offers the best correlation with above-ground (AGB) and below-ground (BGB) biomass. The best selected models are: ln (AGB) = 1.004–0.054 * ln (D) and ln (BGB) = -3.009 + 0.016 * ln (D) (Adamawa); ln (AGB) = 0.004 + 0.054 * ln (D) and ln (BGB) = -1.301 + 0.116 * ln (D) (North); ln (AGB) = 0.004 + 1.084 * ln (D) and ln (BGB) = -0.002 + 0.016 * ln (D)( Far North). The best models selected for the global equations for the three regions are: ln (AGB) = 0.504 + 3.048*ln (D) and ln (BGB) =-0.109 + 0.306*ln (D). Models were proposed to estimate the carbon of Khaya senegalensis in Cameroon.
Are magicians specialists at identifying deceptive motion? The role of expertise in being fooled by sleight of hand.
Authors: Garcia-Pelegrin Elias , Wilkins Clive , Clayton Nicola
Published: August 2021

In this study we performed two common sleight of hand effects and their real transfer counterparts to non-magicians and to magicians with a diverse range of experience practicing magic. Although, as a group, magicians identified the sleights of hand as deceptive actions significantly more than non-magicians; this ability was only evidenced in magicians with more than 5 years in the craft. However, unlike the rest of participants, experienced magicians had difficulty in correctly pinpointing the location of the coin in one of the real transfers presented. We hypothesise that this might be due to the inherent ambiguity of this transfer, in which, contrary to the other real transfer performed, no clear perceptive clue is given in reference to the location of the coin. We suggest that extensive time practicing magic might have primed experienced magicians to anticipate foul play when observing ambiguous movements, even when the actions observed are genuine.
Tocilizumab fails survival benefit in severe Covid-19 – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kumar Arjun , Ranka Rajat , Panda Prasan Kumar
Published: August 2021

Background

Anti IL-6 monoclonal antibody Tocilizumab has produced mixed results in clinical trials for effectiveness against COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare outcomes at 28 days of a cohort of patients with severe Covid-19 treated with Tocilizumab and standard care, with those receiving standard care only.
Methods

In this record based retrospective cohort study, patients hospitalized with Covid-19 were classified into non-severe and severe disease as per institutional protocol. One cohort received Tocilizumab with standard care and the second cohort received only standard care. Few patients also received high dose steroids as ‘pulse’ steroids on initial clinical deterioration. Data was collected for the treatment given including oxygen interface, steroids, antimicrobials, duration of hospital stay in survivors, requirement of mechanical ventilation and day of intubation from symptom onset.
Results

There was statistically significant mortality in Tocilizumab cohort as compared to standard care alone (HR 2.43, 95%CI 1.54–3.89). The need for mechanical ventilation was more in Tocilizumab cohort (85% vs 18%, P-value < 0.001). Tocilizumab cohort had delay in day of intubation by a mean of 2.29 days from the day of symptom onset (p < 0.05). Pulse steroid administration showed increased all-cause mortality (HR 1.94, 95%CI 1.18–3.20) and risk of mechanical ventilation.
Conclusions

Tocilizumab cohort showed higher mortality and need for mechanical ventilation in our study which contrasts the result of few previous trials. Our study warrants the need for future clinical trials on this subject to ensure better treatment strategies in upcoming Covid-19 waves.
Estimation of aerator air demand by an embedded multi-gene genetic programming
Authors: Li Shicheng , Yang James , Liu Wei
Published: August 2021

A spillway discharging a high-speed flow is susceptible to cavitation damages. As a countermeasure, an aerator is often used to artificially entrain air into the flow. Its air demand is of relevance to cavitation reduction and requires accurate estimations. The main contribution of this study is to establish an embedded multi-gene genetic programming (EMGGP) model for improved prediction of air demand. It is an MGGP-based framework coupled with the gene expression programming acting as a pre-processing technique for input determination and the Pareto front serving as a post-processing measure for solution optimization. Experimental data from a spillway aerator are used to develop and validate the proposed technique. Its performance is statistically evaluated by the coefficient of determination (CD), Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC), root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). Satisfactory predictions are yielded with CD = 0.95, NSC = 0.94, RMSE = 0.17 m3/s and MAE = 0.12 m3/s. Compared with the best empirical formula, the EMGGP approach enhances the fitness (CD and NSC) by 23% and reduces the errors (RMSE and MAE) by 48%. It also exhibits higher prediction accuracy and a simpler expressional form than the genetic programming solution. This study provides a procedure for the establishment of parameter relationships for similar hydraulic issues.
Prediction of mean wave overtopping at simple sloped breakwaters using kernel-based methods
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Shabnam , Etemad-Shahidi Amir , Koosheh Ali
Published: August 2021

The accurate prediction of the mean wave overtopping rate at breakwaters is vital for a safe design. Hence, providing a robust tool as a preliminary estimator can be useful for practitioners. Recently, soft computing tools such as artificial neural networks (ANN) have been developed as alternatives to traditional overtopping formulae. The goal of this paper is to assess the capabilities of two kernel-based methods, namely Gaussian process regression (GPR) and support vector regression for the prediction of mean wave overtopping rate at sloped breakwaters. An extensive dataset taken from the EurOtop database, including rubble mound structures with permeable core, straight slopes, without berm, and crown wall, was employed to develop the models. Different combinations of the important dimensionless parameters representing structural features and wave conditions were tested based on the sensitivity analysis for developing the models. The obtained results were compared with those of the ANN model and the existing empirical formulae. The modified Taylor diagram was used to compare the models graphically. The results showed the superiority of kernel-based models, especially the GPR model over the ANN model and empirical formulae. In addition, the optimal input combination was introduced based on accuracy and the number of input parameters criteria. Finally, the physical consistencies of developed models were investigated, the results of which demonstrated the reliability of kernel-based models in terms of delivering physics of overtopping phenomenon.
How is water security conceptualized and practiced for rural livelihoods in the global South? A systematic scoping review
Authors: Shah Sameer H.
Published: August 2021

In the global South, rural and resource-based livelihoods increasingly face water-related risks. The conceptualization and application of the water security concept in relation to rural livelihoods has not been reviewed in this context. To fill this gap, a systematic scoping review of refereed journal articles (2000–2019) was conducted to examine how water security is defined, driven, and addressed for rural livelihoods in the global South. Publications (n = 99) featured diverse methodologies and geographical contexts, and recognized simultaneous drivers of water insecurity and solution strategies for water security. Several shortcomings were evident. First, only 30.3% of publications defined the concept, mostly using frames of ‘adequate’, ‘sufficient’, and ‘acceptable’ water-related risks. Few definitions recognized the role of water security interventions in increasing capabilities and prosperity. Second, technical and managerial responses to proximate drivers of water-related risk – namely climate-related dynamics, water re-allocation, extraction, and mismanagement – outnumbered efforts to identify and transform the underlying social, economic, and political inequities that create and sustain water insecurity. Last, studies focused heavily on agriculture, while labour, transhumance pastoralism, and aquaculture were underrepresented. A research agenda that increases the synergies between the wider water security and rural livelihoods scholarship is advanced to address these shortcomings.
An Overview of 7α- and 7β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: Structure, Specificity and Practical Application
Authors: Lou Deshuai , Liu Xi , Tan Jun
Published: August 2021

7α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase are key enzymes involved in bile acid metabolism. They catalyze the epimerization of a hydroxyl group through 7-keto bile acid intermediates. Basic research of the two enzymes has focused on exploring new enzymes and the structure-function relationship. The application research focused on the in vitro biosynthesis of bile acid drugs and the exploration and improvement of their catalytic ability based on molecular engineering. This article summarized the primary and advanced structural characteristics, specificities, biochemical properties, and applications of the two enzymes. The emphasis is also given to obtaining novel 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that are thermally stable and active in the presence of organic solvents, high substrate concentration, and extreme pH values. To achieve these goals, enzyme redesigning based on protein engineering and genomics may be the most useful approaches.
FYN and CD247: Key Genes for Septic Shock Based on Bioinformatics and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Yingchun , Tian Ye , Jiang Yue , Miao Qian , Hu Lin , Zhou Tingyan
Published: August 2021

Background:

Septic shock is sepsis accompanied by hemodynamic instability and high clinical mortality.

Material and Methods:

GSE95233, GSE57065, GSE131761 gene-expression profiles of healthy control subjects and septic shock patients were downloaded from the Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differences of expression profiles and their intersection were analysed using GEO2R. Function and pathway enrichment analysis was performed on common differentially expressed genes (DEG), and key genes for septic shock were screened using a protein-protein interaction network created with STRING. Also, data from the GEO database were used for survival analysis for key genes, and a meta-analysis was used to explore expression trends of core genes. Finally, high-throughput sequencing using the blood of a murine sepsis model was performed to analyse the expression of CD247 and FYN in mice.

Results:

A total of 539 DEGs were obtained (p < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis showed that key genes were enriched in functions, such as immune response and T cell activity, and DEGs were enriched in signal pathways, such as T cell receptors. FYN and CD247 are in the centre of the protein-protein interaction network, and survival analysis found that they are positively correlated with survival from sepsis. Further, meta-analysis results showed that FYN could be useful for the prognosis of patients, and CD247 might distinguish between sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome patients. Finally, RNA sequencing using a mouse septic shock model showed low expression of CD247 and FYN in this model.

Conclusion:

FYN and CD247 are expected to become new biomarkers of septic shock.
Development of 2D, 3D-QSAR and Pharmacophore Modeling of
Chalcones for the Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase B
Authors: Mathew Bijo , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Herrera-Acevedo Chonny , Dev Sanal , Rangarajan T.M. , Kuruniyan Mohamed Saheer , Naseef Punnoth Poonkuzhi , Scotti Luciana
Published: August 2021

Background:

Selective and reversible types of MAO-B inhibitors have emerged as
promising candidates for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Several functionalized
chalcone derivatives were shown to have potential reversible MAO-B inhibitory activity, which
have recently been reported from our laboratory.

Methods:

With the experimental results of about 70 chalcone derivatives, we further developed a
pharmacophore modelling, and 2D and 3D- QSAR analyses of these reported chalcones for MAOB
inhibition.

Results:

The 2D-QSAR model presented four variables (MATS7v, GATS 1i and 3i, and C-006)
from 143 Dragon 7 molecular descriptors, with a r2 value of 0.76 and a Q2
cv for cross-validation
equal to 0.72. An external validation also was performed using 11 chalcones, obtaining a Q2
ext
value of 0.74. The second 3D-QSAR model using MLR (multiple linear regression) was built
starting from 128 Volsurf+ molecular descriptors, being identified as 4 variables (Molecular
descriptors): D3, CW1 and LgS11, and L2LGS. Adetermination coefficient (r2) value of 0.76 and a
Q2
cv for cross-validation equal to 0.72 were obtained for this model. An external validation also
was performed using 11 chalcones and a Q2
ext value of 0.74 was found.

Conclusion:

This report exhibited a good correlation and satisfactory agreement between
experiment and theory.
Exploring the Effect of Polyphyllin I on Hepatitis B Virus-related Liver Cancer through Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experiments
Authors: Zeng Puhua , Yu Shuxian , Gao Wenhui , Chen Chenglong , Liu Zhuo , Zhang Zhen , Liu Jiyong
Published: August 2021

Aim and Objective:

To investigate the effect of Polyphyllin I (PPI) on HBV-related liver cancer through network pharmacology and in vitro experiments, and to explore its mechanism of action.

Materials and Methods:

Use bioinformatics software to predict the active ingredient target of PPI and the disease target of liver cancer, and perform active ingredient-disease target analysis. The results of network pharmacology through molecular docking and in vitro experiments can be further verified. The HepG2 receptor cells (HepG2. 2. 15) were transfected with HBV plasmid for observation, with the human liver cancer HepG2 being used as the control.

Results:

Bioinformatics analysis found that PPI had a total of 161 protein targets, and the predicted target and liver cancer targets were combined to obtain 13 intersection targets. The results of molecular docking demonstrated that PPI had a good affinity with STAT3, PTP1B, IL2, and BCL2L1. The results of the in vitro experiments indicated that the PPI inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01). Compared with the vehicle group, the PPI group of 1.5, 3, and 6 μmol/L can promote the apoptosis of liver cancer to different degrees (P<0.01).

Conclusion:

The present study revealed the mechanism of PPI against liver cancer through network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. Its mechanism of action is related to the inhibition of PPI on the proliferation of HBV-related liver cancer through promoting the apoptosis of liver cancer cells. Additionally, in vitro experiments have also verified that PPI can promote the apoptosis of HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells.
The Association Between Hepatitis B Virus Mutations and the Risk
of Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Akrami Hassan , Monjezi Mohammad Rafiee , Ilbeigi Shahrzad , Amiri Farshid , Fattahi Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2021

:

Hepatitis B virus [HBV], the best-described hepadnavirus, is distributed all
around the world and may lead to chronic and acute liver disease, cirrhosis, and
hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the advancement in treatment against HBV, an errorprone
reverse transcriptase, which is required for HBV replication as well as host
immune pressure, leads to constant evolution and emergence of genotypes, subgenotypes
and mutant viruses; so, HBV will remain as a major healthcare problem
around the world. This review article mainly focuses on the HBV mutations which
correlated to occult HBV infection, immune escape, vaccine failure and eventually liver
cirrhosis and HCC. The current study indicated that preS/S region mutations are related
to vaccine failure, immune escape, occult HBV infection and the occurrence of HCC.
Whereas P region Mutations may lead to drug resistance to NA antivirals. PreC/C region
mutations are associated with HBeAg negativity, immune escape, and persistent
hepatitis. Moreover, X region Mutations play an important role in HCC development.
In vivo Anticancer Potential of Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Li Huanting , Gong Yufeng , Zhong Qinyan
Published: August 2021

Notwithstanding the noteworthy advances in its treatment, cancer remains one of the
most serious threatens to humans across the world. Hydroxamic acid derivatives, the potential inhibitors
of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs), could inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce cell differentiation,
apoptosis and autophagy, and suppress angiogenesis, invasion as well as metastasis
through diverse signaling pathways. Thus, hydroxamic acid derivatives exhibit promising activity
against cancers and are useful scaffolds in modern anticancer drug discovery. The purpose of the
present review article is to summarize the recent developments (Jan, 2011-Jan, 2021) in hydroxamic
acid derivatives with insights into their in vivo anticancer potential and mechanisms of action.
Euglena Species: Bioactive Compounds and their Varied Applications
Authors: Gupta Swati Prabha , Khushboo  , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Minhas Ujla , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Bechan
Published: August 2021

Euglena, a microalga, has gained a great attention as it contains several bioactive compounds
including food supplements, drugs and biofuels. The genus Euglena includes >300 species
of unicellular, fresh water flagellates. The objective of this review article concerns the presentation
of updated information on pharmacological and therapeutic properties and industrial implications
of molecules isolated from Euglena species. A bibliographic search of scientific literature published
till March, 2020 was made from scientific databases using different search engines. Euglena
produces several antioxidant molecules, such as β-carotene, L-ascorbic acid, polymers of unsaturated
fatty acids and phytotoxins useful in manufacturing many pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and
nutraceutical compounds. It is a rich source of antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory compounds.
Though, several studies have indicated its therapeutic applications, extensive research is
needed to explore its efficacy against many pathophysiological conditions including toxicity assessment
of compound(s). Nevertheless, the biotechnological influence on industrial production of
Euglena has been less exploited.
Degradation Mode of PBAT Mulching Film and Control Methods During
its Degradation Induction Period
Authors: Liu Jialei , Ouyang Canbin , He Wenqing , Qiao Runmeng , Wang Xin , Qin Guangjiong , Cao Aocheng
Published: August 2021

:

Plastic films play an important role in China's agricultural production. However, the
large-scale use of plastic film has also caused very serious agricultural film pollution. Biodegradable
polymers have received much attention because of the environmental pollution caused by the
traditional plastic mulching film. The most typical copolymer is poly (butylene adipate co butylene
terephthalate) (PBAT). Poly (Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) (PBAT) is a kind of aliphaticaromatic
polyester with excellent biodegradability and mechanical processing properties. Therefore,
it has been rapidly developed and widely used in the industry. However, the degradation period of
the agricultural film depends on certain requirements. Currently, the degradable materials available
in the market do not meet the needs of all crops due to their degradation period. In this paper, the
basic properties, degradation process and methods to delay the degradation of PBAT are reviewed
for improving the degradation period of the plastic film that is prepared by using this kind of material.
The degradation process includes photodegradation, biodegradation, and hydrolysis. The methods
of delaying the degradation process include adding a chain extender, light stabilizer, antihydrolysis
agent and antibacterial agent, providing a theoretical basis for the research and development
of biodegradable film with a controllable degradation cycle. The future research and development
of biodegradable polymers will mainly focus on controllable degradation rate, stable degradation
cycle, new materials, and reducing research and development costs.
A Pilot Study of Nutritive Profile and Consumer’s Acceptability of Frozen Saba Crispy
Authors: Din Norrina , Bonari Bustamam , Abd Gani Nurul Imtiaz , Li Cunlin
Published: August 2021

Banana is a topical fruit consumed worldwide. Since bananas lifecycle is short, prolonging its' shelf life is necessary to cater for the increasing demand of globalization. This study aims to evaluate frozen bananas' quality proportional to nutritional profile and the products' acceptability as traditional ready-to-eat food. A pilot study with 30 respondents looking at the attributions between Saba Crispy and raw Saba using a 5-point Likert scale yielded 50% agreeing to texture, taste, and flavor of Saba Crispy and 66.67% for colors. Hence, the product's color and texture influence the customer's acceptance and should be marketed with new varieties.
Keywords: Saba Banana, Malays, Frozen and Nutritive
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2893
Comparison of Anxiety Levels in Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and their Families
Authors: Chakeri Azin , Rostami Qadi Maryam , Haghani Shima
Published: August 2021

Very little research has been done on the anxiety of the families of patients with covid-19. Considering the vital role of the family in the continuation of supportive-psychological therapies and the direct impact on the patient's anxiety level, in this study, we examined the anxiety level of the family of patients with Covid-19 and compared their with their patient's anxiety level. In this comparative study, the samples were 60 people who were given a definitive diagnosis of covid-19 in selected hospitals (Masih Daneshvari Hospital and Besat Hospital). From the family members, the person who, according to the patient, is most affected and has an emotional relationship with him (spouse-father-mother-child) was selected. The standard Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire has been used to measure apparent (state) and hidden (trait) anxiety. The questionnaire was completed by both groups (patient-family) and compared with each other. The mean of evident anxiety in patients and caregivers was 70.82 and 74.2, respectively, which this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.023). It is also observed that the mean of hidden anxiety in patients and caregivers was 68.83 and 74.71, respectively, which the mean of hidden anxiety in patients was significantly less than caregivers (P = 0.006). After identifying anxiety, nurses can better and more effectively deal with these unwanted conditions in the patient and her family by providing appropriate and correct education.
Efektivitas online group CBT pada stres dan coping strategy remaja perempuan yang terdampak covid-19
Authors: Kartika Ayu , Tjakrawiralaksana Mita Aswanti
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the Indonesian government to implement a distance learning system. Changes and uncertainties might deteriorate mental health, especially in female adolescents who were initially prone to experiencing stress based on their developmental stage and gender. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of stress management training with Online Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approaches in reducing stress and developing adaptive coping strategies. A total of 8 participants (ages 14-15) were recruited online with the purposive sampling technique. Changes in stress levels and coping strategies were tested using Friedman’s ANOVA test. There was a significant reduction in stress that continued until 1-month follow-up and increased adaptive coping strategies after the intervention (post-test). Participants also reported positive changes in cognition and emotion, including increased belief about their ability to handle stress in the future. However, there was no statistically significant reduction in a maladaptive coping strategy. Additional factors, such as individual differences and interactions with the environment influenced the intervention's effectiveness.
Performance of the Beta-Binomial Model for Clustered Binary Responses: Comparison with Generalized Estimating Equations
Authors: Im Seongah
Published: August 2021

This study examined performance of the beta-binomial model in comparison with GEE using clustered binary responses resulting in non-normal outcomes. Monte Carlo simulations were performed under varying intracluster correlations and sample sizes. The results showed that the beta-binomial model performed better for small sample, while GEE performed well under large sample.
NECESSIDADES PSICOLÓGICAS BÁSICAS E PAIXÃO EM ATLETAS BRASILEIROS UNIVERSITÁRIOS DE VÔLEI DE PRAIA
Authors: Oliveira Igor Fabricio dos Santos , Moreira Caio Rosas , Caruzzo Nayara Malheiros , Freire Gabriel Lucas Morais , Junior José Roberto Andrade do Nascimento , Fiorese Lenamar
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as necessidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) e a paixão em atletas brasileiros universitários de vôlei de praia. Participaram 57 atletas de ambos os sexos (21,48±1,79 anos), participantes da fase final dos Jogos Universitários Brasileiros 2018. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala da Paixão e a Escala de Satisfação das Necessidades Básicas para o Esporte (BNSSS). Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnorv, U de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que os atletas da região central do país se perceberam mais satisfeitos em relação à necessidade básica de autonomia (p=0,033) quando comparados aos atletas da região sul e sudeste. Atletas de instituições privadas apresentaram maiores índices de satisfação com a necessidade de competência (p=0,035) e relacionamento (p=0,028) do que atletas de universidades públicas. Em relação a remuneração pelo esporte, atletas que recebem algum auxílio financeiro se sentem mais competentes (p=0,012) com a sua prática esportiva. Atletas de nível internacional apresentaram maior satisfação em relação à autonomia e competência, além de maior paixão harmoniosa do que os atletas de nível nacional (p<0,05). Conclui-se que os atletas de nível internacional, que recebem algum tipo de remuneração, que estudam em universidades particulares e da região central do país demonstraram maior satisfação com as necessidades psicológicas básicas e mais apaixonados harmoniosamente com a prática da modalidade.
DESEMPENHO FUNCIONAL NAS ATIVIDADES BÁSICAS DE VIDA DIÁRIA EM CRIANÇAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL
Authors: Santos Marcela Aparecida , Lopes Marcia Caires Bestilleiro , Nakanami Célia Regina
Published: August 2021

A visão é um dos mais importantes sentidos no desenvolvimento normal da criança. Quando há o comprometimento dessa via sensorial, a criança pode apresentar dificuldades no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, na relação familiar e ainda nas habilidades da vida diária. Avaliar o desempenho das habilidades funcionais e de assistência dos pais/cuidadores nas atividades básicas de vida diária em crianças com deficiência visual em comparação ao desempenho de crianças sem deficiência visual. Este estudo prospectivo, observacional e transversal foi realizado no Ambulatório de Estimulação Visual Precoce - Setor de Baixa Visão e Reabilitação Visual do Instituto da Visão do Departamento de Oftalmologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. O instrumento utilizado foi o PEDI - Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade, aplicado através de entrevista individual com o responsável pela criança nas áreas de Habilidades Funcionais e Nível de Assistência do Cuidador. O PEDI é subdividido em itens: autocuidado, mobilidade e função social. Segundo os dados obtidos, as crianças deficientes visuais apresentaram um déficit de desempenho na área de autocuidado e são mais dependentes do cuidador na mobilidade e função social. As crianças sem deficiência visual apresentaram um menor desempenho na área de autocuidado e mesmo nível de dependência do cuidador nas três áreas. Crianças com deficiência visual necessitam de mais ajuda para desempenhar suas atividades diárias em todas as áreas funcionais se comparadas com as crianças sem deficiência visual.
Número Completo Nº11
Authors: Venegas Romero Pablo
Published: August 2021

La Investigación artística en particular mantiene el norte, navegando con ojo humanista y reflexivo a través de la inmensidad de nuestra existencia, desbordando los límites que la academia y lo cotidiano nos fijan, e indagando cual explorador que, mientras circunda lo que aparece, encuentra lo inesperado. Mientras muchos siguen buscando la separación entre técnica y teoría, la investigación artística se encarga de desfragmentar la realidad, con el fin de que los diálogos acerquen (o no desvinculen por defecto) la reflexión y la práctica.
Determinants of innovation by agri-food firms in rural Spain: an MCA PLS-SEM analysis
Authors: Martínez-Filgueira Xosé-Manuel , Peón David , López-Iglesias Edelmiro
Published: August 2021

The development of a sustainable rural world must have an innovative agri-food industry as one of its bases. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the main drivers of innovation by small and medium agri-food companies in Spain. A combined multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is performed to identify the key factors among 63 indicators in the domains of the technology-organisation-environmental approach. The results suggest an open field of research. Positively related to innovation are firm capacities and financial resources. Moreover, agri-food firms innovate in products, processes or marketing in order to increase sales, enter new markets, or increase the quality of their products. On the contrary, most of these firms did not innovate to reduce costs or time of response, meet regulatory compliance or maintain employment. Authorities should be aware that smaller and younger agri-food firms face more restrictions to innovate, and firms feel public policies could help to meet market demand as a driving force of innovation. On the contrary, essential objectives of regional development such as environmental compliance and maintaining employment seem to depend solely on public action.
Who Wins in International Investment Arbitration Disputes? Evidence from Latin American and Caribbean Countries’ Cases under ICSID
Authors: Diaz Gonzalo Ruiz
Published: August 2021

During the nineties, an important group of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries adhered to the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) as part of a programme of measures that sought to attract foreign investment to the region. With the aim of exploring the determinants of arbitration outcomes, I use a dataset of 161 concluded disputes until 2019 corresponding to investments in LAC countries, finding evidence on the influence of parties’ characteristics, the subject discussed in cases, and characteristics of the tribunal on the arbitration outcomes. I find that 50% of tribunal decisions have been favourable to either claimant investors or host countries. However, this result may be subject to sample bias if information of settlements and discontinued cases is not taken into consideration. I also find evidence in favour of selection and party capability theories that helps to explain the determinants of international investment arbitration dispute outcomes. In particular, the results reveal that disputes related to direct expropriations have a relatively higher probability of being considered founded by tribunals than other legal controversies. Likewise, the indicators of the relative strength of parties, such as experience in the international arbitration system, have an important influence on tribunal awards. Furthermore, country’s time of experience within ICSID is found to have an important influence on the selection of disputes.
Characterization of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Germany in season 2019-2020 – co-circulation of an antigenic drift variant
Authors: Wedde Marianne , Oh Djin-Ye , Buda Silke , Thürmer Andrea , Kaiser Sandra , Biere Barbara , Duwe Susanne , Reiche Janine , Wolff Thorsten , Dürrwald Ralf
Published: August 2021

Background Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus entered the human population in
2009 and evolved within this population for more than ten years. Despite
genetic evolution no remarkable changes in the antigenic reactive
pattern of these viruses were observed so far. Methods Primary
respiratory samples of the German influenza virological sentinel were
investigated by qPCR. Influenza virus-positive samples were
characterized genetically and antigenetically. Results In December 2019,
a antigenic drift variant characterized by an N156K substitution in the
hemagglutinin of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus emerged in Germany, which
exhibited a reactivity to ferret antiserum that was an average 6 log2
lower than the vaccine virus A/Brisbane/02/2018 and the other
A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in the influenza season 2019-2020.
These viruses accounted for 20% of all A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses
characterized in the German influenza sentinel. Patients infected with
these viruses had a shorter median time period of medical consultation
after onset of symptoms and were more frequently treated with
neuraminidase inhibitors in comparison to patients infected with other
A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Conclusions This parallel circulation of two
antigenic variants of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses which differ remarkably in
their antigenic reactive pattern contributes to a greater variability in
circulating influenza viruses and challenges vaccination.
Understanding Gestational Diabetes, Future Diabetes Risk, and Diabetes Prevention: A Qualitative Study of Patient, Provider, and Staff Perspectives
Authors: Lucas Hannah R. , Williams Roxann C. , Hollar Laura N. , Johnson-Javois Bethany , Miller Heidi B. , Stoermer Amanda , Colditz Graham A. , James Aimee S. , Herrick Cynthia J.
Published: August 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases type 2 diabetes risk; however, postpartum diabetes screening rates are low. Using semi-structured interviews and focus groups, this study investigates the understanding of GDM and its relationship to future diabetes risk and diabetes prevention among patients with public or no insurance (n = 36), health care providers (n = 21), and clinic staff (n = 9) from Federally Qualified Health Centers. Five main themes emerged: 1) general understanding of GDM diagnosis with focus on neonatal complications; 2) variable recall of diet, exercise, and weight recommendations; 3) overwhelming medication and self-monitoring routines; 4) short-term focus of type 2 diabetes risk and screening; and 5) limited understanding of all options for diabetes prevention. The results may inform diabetes screening and prevention interventions in primary care settings.
Unchanged Prevalence of Preeclampsia After Implementation of Prophylactic Aspirin for All Pregnant Women With Preexisting Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Do Nicoline C. , Vestgaard Marianne , Ásbjörnsdóttir Björg , Nørgaard Sidse K. , Andersen Lise Lotte T. , Jensen Dorte M. , Ringholm Lene , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the prevalence of preeclampsia after implementation of prophylactic aspirin for all pregnant women with preexisting diabetes compared with the prevalence in a previous risk-based prophylaxis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A prospective observational cohort study of 410 consecutive pregnant women with preexisting diabetes categorized according to aspirin prophylaxis strategy, with the prevalence of preeclampsia as primary outcome. In total, 207 women were included after implementation of prophylactic aspirin for all pregnant women with preexisting diabetes in February 2018 (all-cohort). The 203 women included before this date, where aspirin prophylaxis was risk based and only prescribed to selected women (selected-cohort), were studied for comparison.

RESULTS

Aspirin was prescribed at ∼10 gestational weeks for 88% (all-cohort) compared with 25% (selected-cohort). HbA1c, parity, chronic hypertension, home blood pressure, microalbuminuria/diabetic nephropathy, and smoking were similar in the two cohorts in early pregnancy. In the all-cohort, fewer women had type 2 diabetes (32% vs. 42%, respectively; P = 0.04) and BMI tended to be lower (P = 0.05). The prevalence of preeclampsia was similar (12% vs. 11%, P = 0.69) in the two cohorts, and this was also the case with stratification for diabetes type. Prevalence of preterm delivery <37 weeks (23% vs. 27%, P = 0.30), preterm preeclampsia (7% vs. 7%, P = 0.96), and infants large (40% vs. 32%, P = 0.07) and small (7% vs. 6%, P = 0.88) for gestational age was similar in the two cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of prophylactic aspirin for all pregnant women with diabetes did not reduce the prevalence of preeclampsia compared with the previous risk-based prophylaxis in this cohort study.
Relation between vitamin D deficiency and osteoarthritis
Authors: Gharaibeh Ahmad
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the Work: The main objective of our work is to determine the relationship between osteoarthritis and deficiency of vitamin D in our region in central Europe and to make a database for further researches, to be effective in investigating, controlling, and preventing OA and vitamin D deficiency in our population. Methodology: We perform a retrospective study in adult patients≥25years with osteoarthritis big joints from their health records, which were seen at the osteology clinic of University Hospital Louise Pasteur during the year 2018. The authors analyse the blood tests of Vitamin D level, calcium level, phosphorus level, B ALP, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels in the serum of these patients. Results: There were 47 patients with osteoarthritis. All of these patients had Vitamin D deficiency. The mean age of our group is 71 years. 12.8% (7) are male and 87.2% (41)are female. The mean of vitamin D is 24mmol/l (normal range 75-200 nmol/l), Calcium level with in normal range, Phosphorus level mean was within normal range and B ALP level within normal. Conclusion: Osteoarthritis increased by deficiency of vitamin D level in blood serum and increasing with age. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism, maintenance of the normal skeletal and muscular systems. Most of the patients show OA in hip and knee and in advanced age 71 years. Vitamin D supplementation may be a safe method to treat and prevent OA.
Rib-Based Anchors are Associated with Proximal Translational Deformity in Early Onset Spinal Deformity Patients undergoing Growth-Friendly Surgical Treatment
Authors: F Murphy Robert
Published: August 2021

Objective/Background: No studies to date have evaluated the the effect of rib-based anchors on the translational relationship between the rib and spine. We hypothesized that there would be an increase in the translational distance between the rib anchor and anterior vertebral body in early onset spinal deformity patients managed with long-term rib-based anchors. Methods: All patients with EOSD from a single tertiary level institution treated with a growth-friendly technique surgery utilizing proximal rib-based anchors from 2006-2015 with a minimum of 2-year follow-up were included. Thoracic kyphosis and the translational distance from the rib anchor to the corresponding anterior vertebral body were measured. Results: Twenty-seven patients (13 female, 14 male) qualified for inclusion. Mean age at implantation of the index proximal rib-based construct was 5±1.9 years (range, 1-9). EOSD etiology was congenital: 3, neuromuscular: 17, syndromic: 3, and idiopathic: 4. Mean kyphosis improved from 31±33° preoperatively to 25±20° immediately post-operatively. No significant changes in kyphosis were noted over 1 and 2 year follow-up (p=0.3). Twenty-one (78%) patients demonstrated an increase in translational distance from the rib anchors to the adjacent anterior vertebral body. Immediately post-operatively, mean distance was 25±1 mm and increased at 1-year (26±1 mm) and significantly at 2-year (29±1 mm) follow-up (p=0.005). Conclusion: The use of long term rib-based anchors may lead to an increase in the distance between the rib utilized for proximal fixation and the associated vertebral body, generating what appears to be increased anterior translation of the spine. This translation, in conjunction with increased or increasing overall thoracic kyphosis, may be the source of unexpected obstacles at the time of future surgical procedures for revision or final fusion.
A Rare Case of a Transphyseal Distal Humerus Fracture in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: A Willacy Rolanda
Published: August 2021

Birth injuries are uncommon and occur in less than 1% of the population. Transphyseal fractures of the distal humerus typically occur in children younger than three years old and may result from birth trauma in cases where excessive traction or obstetrical maneuvers are required. Early and accurate diagnosis is necessary for successful management. Differential diagnosis includes non-accidental trauma, brachial plexus injury, elbow dislocation, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. This case report describes a rare case of a transphyseal distal humerus fracture in a pediatric patient.