bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Zintl Phases Eu3Mg5Si5 and Eu3Mg5Ge5
Authors: Schellenberg Inga , Eul Matthias , Schwickert Christian , Kubata Christof M. , Cuervo Reyes Eduardo , Nesper Reinhard , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: June 2012

The Zintl phases Eu3Mg5Si5 and Eu3Mg5Ge5 were synthesized by high‐frequency melting of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes. Both of their structures have been refined from X‐ray single crystal diffractometer data: Sr12Mg17.8Li2.2Si20 type, Pnma, a = 1424.3(1), b = 450.5(2), c = 1821.4(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0544, 1995 F2 values, 80 variables for Eu3Mg5Si5 and a = 1445.8(2), b = 452.9(1), c = 1845.0(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0375, 2053 F2 values, 80 variables for Eu3Mg5Ge5. The electron precise Zintl phases [Eu2+]3[Mg2+]5[Si4–]2[Si38–] and [Eu2+]3[Mg2+]5[Ge4–]2[Ge38–] contain isolated tetrelide ions and bent Si3 (d(Si–Si): 239–241 pm) and Ge3 units (d(Ge–Ge): 251–256 pm) units respectively which have single bond character and are isoelectronic to Cl2O, Cl2S, and [P35–]. The formal chemical bonding is confirmed by ab‐initio calculations. The ecliptic stacking of the anions along b causes a strong dispersion of the dedicated bands. Eu3Mg5Si5 is predicted to be a semi‐metal; i.e., a semi‐conductor with zero energy gap between bands derived from anti‐bonding silicon states. Eu3Mg5Ge5, however, appears to be a metal, due to the participation of germanium‐d orbitals to states at the Fermi level. The divalent europium has been manifested through magnetic susceptibility measurements. At high temperatures, Eu3Mg5Si5 and Eu3Mg5Ge5 are Curie–Weiss paramagnets with experimental magnetic moments of 7.96(1) and 7.94(1) μB/Eu atoms, respectively. Magnetic ordering, hinting at frustrated interactions, is observed at 19.1 (Eu3Mg5Si5) and 14.2 (Eu3Mg5Ge5) K. Temperature dependent 151Eu Mössbauer spectra are indicative of purely divalent europium and complex magnetic hyperfine field splitting at low temperatures.
Synthesis, Crystal, and Electronic Structure of the New Ternary Zintl Phase Eu2–xMg2–yGe3 (x = 0.1; y = 0.5)
Authors: Slabon Adam , Cuervo‐Reyes Eduardo , Kubata Christof , Wörle Michael , Mensing Christian , Nesper Reinhard
Published: June 2012

The new ternary phase Eu2–xMg2–yGe3 (x = 0.1, y = 0.5) was obtained by solid‐state synthesis and the structure determined by means of Single Crystal X‐ray Diffraction. The compound crystallizes with the orthorhombic space group Cmcm (no. 63) having structural features of the low‐temperature modification of LaSi. The crystal structure contains two different types of germanium anions: isolated Ge4– and $\rm^{2}_{\infty}$[Ge2–x–y] chains. The cation substructure is partially disordered and is best represented assuming a split position. The chemical bonding is well represented by the Zintl‐Klemm concept. Resistivity measurements reveal that the compound is metallic. DFT band structure calculations were carried out on the ideal stoichiometric compound Eu2Mg2Ge3, showing that this model (x = 0; y = 0) would be also metallic as a consequence of the ecliptic stacking of anions. Susceptibility and specific heat measurements evidence the presence of weak, and probably frustrated, antiferromagnetic interactions between disordered europium atoms.
Reconstructing Higgs boson properties from the LHC and Tevatron data
Authors: Giardino Pier Paolo , Kannike Kristjan , Raidal Martti , Strumia Alessandro
Published: June 2012

Abstract

We perform a phenomenological fit to all ATLAS, CMS, CDF and D0 Higgs boson data available after Moriond 2012. We allow all Higgs boson branching fractions, its couplings to standard model particles, as well as to an hypothetical invisible sector to vary freely, and determine their current favourite values. The standard model Higgs boson with a mass 125 GeV correctly predicts the average observed rate and provides an acceptable global fit to data. However, better fits are obtained by non-standard scenarios that reproduce anomalies in the present data (more γγ and less WW signals than expected) such as modified rates of loop processes or partial fermiophobia. We find that present data disfavours Higgs boson invisible decays. We consider implications for the standard model, for supersymmetric and fermiophobic Higgs bosons, for dark matter models, for warped extra-dimensions.
Upper Gondwana Succession of the Rewa Basin, India: Understanding the Interrelationship of Lithologic and Stratigraphic Variables
Authors: Mukherjee Debarati , Ray Sanghamitra , Chandra Saurav , Pal Shrabani , Bandyopadhyay Saswati
Published: June 2012

The current work attempts to address a century old problem regarding the stratigraphic disposition of the Upper Gondwana succession of the Rewa basin based on geological mapping and litholog preparation along well exposed transects. The proposed Upper Gondwana stratigraphy of the Rewa basin comprises a continuous and thick package of Triassic sediments unconformably overlain by the Jurassic Parsora Formation. The Triassic succession consists of a basal Pali Formation, an intermediate and newly designated Karki Formation and the overlying mud-dominant Tiki Formation. These formations are well defined based on physical attributes such as lithology, textures and sedimentary structures, and are easily distinguishable in the field. Based on stratigraphic correlation and fossil content, a Lower-Middle Triassic age has been assigned for the Pali and Karki formations, while the Tiki Formation is Upper Triassic (Carnian) in age. Preliminary observations based on lithological characteristics, sand body geometry and sand: mud ratios suggest that within a fluvial setting there were considerable changes in environments of deposition through time, especially during Triassic to Jurassic transition.
Geochemical Constraints on the Petrogenesis and Tectonic Environment of Gabbroic Intrusives in the Siang Window of Eastern Himalaya, Northeast India
Authors: Singh A. Krishnakanta
Published: June 2012

Carbonate and calcareous-quartzite of Miri-Buxa Group in the Siang Window of Eastern Himalaya intruded by mafic rocks of gabbroic affinity. These intrusive rocks are low-Ti tholeiites (Ti/Y = 379-478; Nb/La = 0.99-1.88) and characterized by enriched LILE-LREE, depleted in HFSE with minor REE fractionation [(La/Yb)N = 2.72-3.35)]. Geochemical behaviour of the incompatible trace elements with the rare earth elements abundances indicates their cogenetic nature and their emplacement in a continental rift tectonic environment. The liquidus olivine temperature of these mafic rocks ranges from 1262°C to 1380°C showing a gentle decrease of [Mg] with a steep increase of [Fe]. These charters thus imply that the rocks are either related to the extent of common source or fractionational crystallization of plagioclase and clinopyroxene from a single batch parental magma. Petrogenetic modeling of [Mg]-[Fe] and REE indicates that these mafic intrusives probably derived from a mantle source similar to komatiitic composition at moderate to high degree (8%-20%) of partial melting.
Guembelitria (Foraminifera) in the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleocene Succession of the Langpar Formation, India and its Paleoenvironmental Implication
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sanjay Kumar
Published: June 2012

Guembelitria is an essential biotic component in the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene (K/Pg) marine successions to provide crucial information about the K/Pg boundary; however, it is not well studied in Indian subcontinent. Biostratigraphically well constrained K/Pg successions of Therriaghat and Mahadeo in the East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya, India provided a scope to present a comprehensive account of the genus in the perspective of differences of opinion about its species. A total of six species including Guembelitria langparensis n. sp., are recognized and their stratigraphic distribution is recorded. A review of the taxonomic validity of the known species, an evaluation of the diverse concepts of Guembelitria cretacea Cushman, and semiquantitative analysis of the recovered species permitted their clustering into two morphogroups that had different ecology. Morphogroup I comprising Guembelitria cretacea, Guembelitria trifolia and Guembelitria langparensis n. sp., is characterized by flared and short spire tests that form a bioseries and thrived as surface floaters. Morphogroup II comprising Guembelitria irregularis, Guembelitria danica and Guembelitria sp a, possesses high spire, narrow tests that have morphological abnormalities and had preference for living in subsurface stressed environment. The occurrence of the species and accompanying other features like ratio of planktonic to benthic foraminifera (p/b), lithologic assemblage and incidence of phosphorite, are used to infer depositional environments and sea level changes during successive biozones of the sequence. The recognized Guembelitria events during the K/Pg transition are discussed with reference to world occurrences.
Artificial Neural Network or Empirical Criteria? A Comparative Approach in Evaluating Maximum Charge per Delay in Surface Mining - Sungun Copper Mine
Authors: Alipour A. , Mokhtarian M. , Sharif J. Abdollahei
Published: June 2012

Ground vibration due to blasting causes damages in the existence of the surface structures nearby the mine. The study of vibration control plays an important role in minimizing environmental effects of blasting in mines. Ground vibration regulations primarily rely on the peak particle velocity (PPV, mm/s). Prediction of maximum charge weight per delay (Q, kg) by distance from blasting face up to vibration monitoring point as well as allowable PPV was proposed in order to perform under control blasting and therefore avoiding damages on structures nearby the mine. Various empirical predictor equations have proposed to determine the PPV and maximum charge per delay. Maximum charge per delay is calculated by using PPV predictors indirectly or Q predictor directly. This paper presents the results of ground vibration measurement induced by bench blasting in Sungun copper mine in Iran. The scope of this study is to evaluate the capability of two different methods in order to predict maximum charge per delay. A comparison between two ways of investigations including empirical equations and artificial neural network (ANN) are presented. It has been shown that the applicability of ANN method is more promising than any under study empirical equations.
Evaluation of desktop operating systems under thrashing conditions
Authors: Maziero Carlos , dos Santos Douglas , Santin Altair
Published: June 2012

Virtual memory mechanisms allow offering more RAM memory space to processes than the amount of memory physically available in the system, using disk space as a memory extension. When there is not enough RAM memory to satisfy the active processes’ working sets, the system throughput may be significantly reduced, due to the excessive paging activity. Such situation is known as memory thrashing. This paper presents an evaluation of some commodity desktop operating systems under thrashing conditions. We also identify and discuss the performance data about memory management available in each system and the mechanisms available to collect it. A portable benchmark tool was developed to bring each system to a thrashing situation and then pull it back to normality. The results observed from the systems under study are compared and discussed.
No-till and cover crops shift soil microbial abundance and diversity in Laos tropical grasslands
Authors: Lienhard Pascal , Tivet Florent , Chabanne André , Dequiedt Samuel , Lelièvre Mélanie , Sayphoummie Sengphanh , Leudphanane Bounma , Prévost-Bouré Nicolas Chemidlin , Séguy Lucien , Maron Pierre-Alain , Ranjard Lionel
Published: June 2012

Agricultural practices affect the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, which in turn may influence soil microorganisms with consequences on soil biological functioning. However, there is little knowledge on the interactions between agricultural management, soil physicochemical properties, and soil microbial communities, notably in tropical ecosystems with few studies conducted in strongly weathered and acid soils. Here, we investigated the early effect of tillage and crop residues management on top soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties in an acid savannah grassland of northeastern Laos. We initiated a 3-year rotation of rice/corn/soybean under three no-till systems (NTs) distinguished by the cover crops associated prior to and with the main crops, and one conventional tillage-based system (CT). The effect of agricultural management was evaluated 2 years after land reclamation in reference to the surrounding natural pasture (PAS). Our results demonstrate that NTs improve soil physicochemical characteristics (aggregate stability, organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity) as well as microbial abundance (total biomass, bacterial and fungal densities). A significant discrimination of the genetic structure of soil bacterial community was also observed between NTs, CT, and PAS. Interestingly, bacterial abundance and diversity were differently influenced by soil environment changes: microbial density was affected by the quantity and diversity of crop residues, soil organic carbon, and exchangeable base contents, whereas soil bacterial genetic structure was mainly determined by exchangeable aluminum content, pH, cation exchange capacity, and C/N ratio. Altogether, our study represents one of the most complete environmental evaluations of agricultural practices in tropical agrosystems and leads to recommend no-till systems with high residue restitutions to improve the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of tropical acid soils and thus contribute to the sustainability of agriculture in these ecosystems.
Rolling manifolds on space forms
Authors: Chitour Yacine , Kokkonen Petri
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we consider the rolling problem (

R

) without spinning nor slipping of a smooth connected oriented complete Riemannian manifold

(M,g)

onto a space form

(\hat M,\hat g)

of the same dimension

n⩾2

. This amounts to study an

n

-dimensional distribution

\mathcal{D}_{\mathrm{R}}

, that we call the rolling distribution, and which is defined in terms of the Levi-Civita connections

\mathrm{∇}^{g}

and

\mathrm{∇}^{\hat g}

. We then address the issue of the complete controllability of the control system associated to

\mathcal{D}_{\mathrm{R}}

. The key remark is that the state space

Q

carries the structure of a principal bundle compatible with

\mathcal{D}_{\mathrm{R}}

. It implies that the orbits obtained by rolling along loops of

(M,g)

become Lie subgroups of the structure group of

\pi _{Q,M}

. Moreover, these orbits can be realized as holonomy groups of either certain vector bundle connections

\mathrm{∇}^{\mathsf{Rol}}

, called the rolling connections, when the curvature of the space form is non-zero, or of an affine connection (in the sense of Kobayashi and Nomizu, 1996 [14]) in the zero curvature case. As a consequence, we prove that the rolling (

R

) onto an Euclidean space is completely controllable if and only if the holonomy group of

(M,g)

is equal to

\mathrm{SO}(n)

. Moreover, when

(\hat M,\hat g)

has positive (constant) curvature we prove that, if the action of the holonomy group of

\mathrm{∇}^{\mathsf{Rol}}

is not transitive, then

(M,g)

admits

(\hat M,\hat g)

as its universal covering. In addition, we show that, for

n

even and

n⩾16

, the rolling problem (

R

) of

(M,g)

against the space form

(\hat M,\hat g)

of positive curvature

c > 0

, is completely controllable if and only if

(M,g)

is not of constant curvature

c

.
Estimating intrinsic structural preferences of de novo emerging random‐sequence proteins: Is aggregation the main bottleneck?
Authors: Ángyán Annamária F. , Perczel András , Gáspári Zoltán
Published: June 2012

Present‐day proteins are believed to have evolved features to reduce the risk of aggregation. However, proteins can emerge de novo by translation of non‐coding DNA segments. In this study we assess the aggregation, disorder and transmembrane propensity of protein sequences generated by translating random nucleotide sequences of varying GC‐content. Potential de novo random‐sequence proteins translated from regions with GC content between 40% and 60% do not show stronger aggregation propensity than existing ones and exhibit similar tendency to be disordered. We suggest that de novo emerging proteins do not mean an unavoidable aggregation threat to evolving organisms.
Myosin filament assembly requires a cluster of four positive residues located in the rod domain
Authors: Thompson Robert C. , Buvoli Massimo , Buvoli Ada , Leinwand Leslie A.
Published: June 2012

WT LMM
and
Alanine mutant LMM
bind by light scattering (View Interaction)
Endothelin Converting Enzyme‐1 phosphorylation and trafficking
Authors: Kuruppu Sanjaya , Smith A. Ian
Published: June 2012

Endothelin Converting Enzyme‐1 (ECE‐1) plays a significant role in the regulation of vascular tone and hence blood pressure. It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, female malignancies and Alzheimer's disease. Four different isoforms of ECE‐1 exist and have varying degrees of distribution throughout the cell. Production of ET‐1 by ECE‐1 occurs at the cell surface and the expression and localisation of ECE‐1 is the rate limiting step in the production of ET‐1. This review looks at the current knowledge on ECE‐1 phosphorylation and other stimuli which act induce trafficking of ECE‐1 to the cell surface.
Factors influencing acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccine among young female college students in Thailand
Authors: Juntasopeepun Phanida , Suwan Natthawan , Phianmongkhol Yupin , Srisomboon Jatupol
Published: June 2012

Objective

To determine knowledge and beliefs related to human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer, and vaccination among young Thai women, and thereby identify independent predictors associated with acceptance of HPV vaccination.

Methods

A convenience sample of 747 young women aged 18–24 years was recruited from universities and colleges located in the upper northern region of Thailand. An online questionnaire was performed to assess demographics; HPV and cervical cancer‐related health characteristics; and knowledge and beliefs toward HPV and cervical cancer. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of HPV vaccine acceptance.

Results

Knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer was moderate. The mean total knowledge score was 7.5 ± 3.8. Acceptance of the HPV vaccine was significantly associated with having received a recommendation for vaccination (odds ratio [OR] 2.12; 95% CI, 1.22–3.68); perceived susceptibility to disease (OR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.22–1.52); perceived benefits of vaccination (OR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19–1.49); and perceived seriousness of disease (OR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81–1.00).

Conclusion

Understanding variables associated with acceptance of HPV vaccination may guide immunization initiatives and so increase the uptake rate among young Thai women.
Contraception knowledge and practice among fistula patients at referral centers in Kenya
Authors: Khisa Weston , Wakasiaka Sabina , Kagema Francis , Omoni Grace
Published: June 2012

Objective

To establish knowledge and practice of contraception among patients presenting with a fistula attending fistula care services at 4 centers in Kenya.

Methods

In a descriptive cohort study carried out between January and December 2011, patients presenting with a history of urine and/or stool leakage were screened and those with confirmed diagnosis of fistula were assessed and prepared for surgery. Informed consent was obtained from study participants before surgical intervention. After surgery, a standard questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographics, duration of leakage, and reproductive health practices.

Results

A total of 206 patients were interviewed. Most of the patients were young (mean age 22 years). Literacy was low: only 1.7% reported tertiary‐level education, and 56.7% reported primary‐level education. With regard to family planning, 76.2% of patients expressed a willingness to use contraception after fistula repair.

Conclusion

Among patients presenting with a fistula in Kenya, the unmet need for family planning was high. There is an urgent need for healthcare providers to integrate family planning services in fistula care programs.
The effect of management team characteristics on risk‐taking and style extremity of mutual fund portfolios
Authors: Karagiannidis Iordanis
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates the effect of management team‐level characteristics on portfolio risk and style extremity using a unique dataset of 1678 mutual fund managers. Results show that teams with more members, longer tenure, and more members with graduate business training hold less risky portfolios. The opposite is true for teams whose members engage in side‐by‐side management; that is, they manage multiple funds simultaneously. Member diversity is related to less extreme style decisions. These findings have important implications for fund management companies as they make decisions about the composition of management teams as well as for individual investors’ investment allocation decisions.
Pathophysiology of BRONJ: Drug‐related osteoclastic disease of the jaw
Authors: Ikebe Tetsuro
Published: June 2012

Since the first article about bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) was published in 2003, clinical and basic research for BRONJ has continued worldwide to understand this novel disease. Several organizations have proposed the definition, diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and treatment strategy for BRONJ. Recently, some new drugs used for cancer patients such as bevacizumab and sunitinib have also been reported to be involved in osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Because ONJ appears to be initially derived from osteoclast inhibition, a new category of diseases named as “drug‐related osteoclastic disease of the jaw” may be assumed. Considering the accumulated knowledge related to BRONJ, including osteoclast biology, bisphosphonate pharmacology, animal experiments, and clinicopathological findings, a perspective of BRONJ from the pathophysiological viewpoint is proposed in this review.
ANCIENT AND MODERN IMPERIALISM
Authors: HARRISON THOMAS
Published: June 2012

‘For him the streets of the great city of learning which we wished to build lay all clearly laid out before his mind’. These words describe the first Rathbone Professor, the imposing John Macdonald Mackay – who arrived in Liverpool, after a spell in St Andrews, at the precocious age of twenty-eight. Mackay was always portrayed in the image of the modern-day prophet. This was not only a matter of his posture, seen in a famous Liverpool picture in which he is represented pointing the so-called New Testament group of his fellow university progressives to the Promised Land (Figure 1), but also of his rambling style of speech (his lectures lasted nearly two hours) and in the characteristic pause, as the archaeologist John Garstang observed, after you addressed a question to him: ‘an interval during which his eyes roamed among things unseen’. Lytton Strachey, briefly a pupil, put it more brutally: ‘Professor Mackay is very weird and somewhat casual’. But with all this, as my opening quotation suggests, Mackay was one of the chief architects of the faculty and university; discoursing passionately, for example, on the need for Liverpool to maintain its distance from the ‘repellent American type’ (of which he evidently knew very little). By comparison with the great Mackay, and still more with my immediate predecessors, I feel I must begin by lowering expectations.
SAVE OUR COWS? AUGUSTAN DISCOURSE AND ANIMAL SACRIFICE IN OVID’S FASTI
Authors: GREEN STEVEN J.
Published: June 2012

The interaction between Roman religion and Ovid’s ostensibly religious poem, Fasti, has only begun to be appreciated in the past twenty years or so. Before this time, scholars were typically either uncritical of Ovid’s poem – taking it at face value as a quarry from which to mine reliable gems of information on Roman religion – or far too critical, chastizing the poet for what they saw as errors from a man ignorant of his own national religion. From the mid 1980s, however, there has emerged a better understanding of the complex nature of Roman religion. Scholars now stress the fundamental role of exegesis (multiple interpretation) in a religion which has no underlying orthodoxy. As such, it is argued that Roman religion was not something concrete, tangible, and external, to which literature related faithfully or otherwise, but that literature had a central role in articulating the dynamics of the religious experience of the Romans.

One can now duly expect and appreciate, therefore, a variety of contrasting views on Roman religious activity presented in Fasti, without resorting to arguments about Ovidian ignorance or the apparently incomplete state of the poem itself.
CEYX AND ALCYONE: OVID, METAMORPHOSES 11, 410–748
Authors: RUDD NIALL
Published: June 2012

Prelude (290–409): Ceyx, king of Trachis, just west of the Malian Gulf, was the son of Lucifer, the morning star, and he bore witness to his birth by the radiance of his face (271–2). He was a man of peace, unlike his brother, Daedalion, a fierce soldier, who, in a frenzy of grief at the murder of his daughter by Diana was pitied by Apollo and turned into a hawk (339–45). This was followed by another weird episode – the appearance of a monstrous wolf, which, after causing widespread destruction, was turned into a stone by Thetis (365–406). A (410–73): Worried by these strange events, Ceyx decides he must consult the oracle of Apollo. He cannot, however, go to Delphi, which is not far south, because it is being blockaded by Phorbas and the Phlegyans. So he prepares to go to Claros on the coast of Asia Minor. As the ship moves out to sea, Ceyx stands on the poop waving to his wife (A 465).

Alcyone waves back, even though she is prostrate on the ground – collapsaque corpore toto est (460).

Ovid gives a beautiful description of how first Ceyx himself ceases to be visible, then the hull moves out of sight and only the sails on the yard-arm can still be seen; finally, they, too, disappear over the horizon (A 466–71).
I Comedy: Definitions, Theories, History
Authors: Lowe N.J.
Published: June 2012

Comedy’, from Greek komoidia, is a word with a complex cultural history. Its modern, as opposed to its ancient, use covers all formally marked varieties of performed humour, whether scripted or improvised, group or solo, in any medium: theatre, film, television, radio, stand-up, and various hybrids and mutations of these. It is also, by extension, applied more loosely to novels and other non-performance texts that share recognizable features of plot, theme, or tone with the classical tradition of comic drama; and used more loosely still as a casual synonym for humour’. As a countable noun, however, the word is restricted to works with a narrative line; thus sketch shows, stand-up, and variety acts can be comedy’ but not comedies’.
III New Comedy and Menander
Authors: Lowe N.J.
Published: June 2012

After Aristophanes' Wealth (388), our next complete surviving comedy is Menander's Dyskolos from 316: a gap longer than the period spanned by our entire corpus of surviving tragedy. The lost lifetime of ‘Middle Comedy’ is far from a desert; though papyrus texts are scarce, quotations in later Greek texts are very numerous, with Athenaeus' ten-book dialogue Deipnosophistae or ‘Dinner-Party Scholars’ (c. 200 AD) a particularly rich source of snippets concerned with all aspects of food, drink, and the symposium – themes which, even allowing for Athenaeus' specialized interests, seem to have been unusually prominent in the comedy of the era. The relatively abundant fragments and titles fall tantalizingly short of allowing us to trace the evolution of the genre in detail, but it is clear that, by the time Menander began producing in 320 BC, the form and character of comedy had changed, and the long development of Athenian comedy had more or less stabilized. We do not see much further change over the course of Menander's career or in the surviving remains of plays from the following generation, and the plays of New Comedy, even the extant Menander, largely resist attempts at specific dating.
VI Terence
Authors: Lowe N.J.
Published: June 2012

Publius Terentius Afer is a remarkably well-documented figure about whom we nevertheless know next to nothing with any certainty. We have a reasonably secure documentary core in the didascaliae, the production notices attached to the plays in the manuscript tradition, whose information on original performances has survived the occasional sceptical attempts at unpicking; these give not only date, festival, producer, and aediles or other commissioning magistrates, but Greek source, and even the name and owner of the slave who composed the music and which type of reed-pipes it was played on. There is also Donatus' commentary, though frustratingly shredded and reconstituted in the form in which we have it, which also preserves invaluable, if sometimes puzzling, information about the Greek source plays and their adaptation. But Terence himself remains an enigma. Suetonius' biography of Terence, one of only four survivors from his Lives of the Poets, is a rich and still underinvestigated document, but it tells us less about Terence's life than it does about the biographical tradition that grew up around him a century after his death.
KIPLING, STALKY, REGULUS & CO.: A READING OF HORACE ODES 3.5
Authors: LEARY T. J.
Published: June 2012

Although born in India, like others of his class and generation Rudyard Kipling was sent back to England for his schooling. From 1878 he attended the United Services College (USC) at Westward Ho! in North Devon, a school that had been recently established under the headmastership of a family friend, Cormell Price, to accommodate the children of Indian Army officers unable to afford the fees of institutions such as Wellington College, originally established to prepare boys for the military academies at Sandhurst and Woolwich. The school was later to provide the inspiration for Kipling's Stalky & Co., a collection of stories first assembled for publication in book form in 1899 and re-issued, with five further tales, in 1929. The reception of this work and the characters within it was not universally favourable, the school upon which it was based was in many ways atypical of the standard English public school (if ever such a thing existed), and, although unquestionably a ‘school story', it is not in line with the tradition fathered by Tom Brown.
TACITUS ON THE DEATH OF OCTAVIA
Authors: MURGATROYD PAUL
Published: June 2012

Scholars so far have commented only briefly on Tacitus' depiction, at Annals 14.60–4, of the execution (in ad 62) of Nero's young wife Octavia, passing lightly over the pathos and criticism of Nero there as straightforward and self-evident. In fact, there is a subtle and skilful build-up of sympathy for Octavia and an extensive and powerful attack on the emperor and his court (and the servile senate), all the stronger for the pity aroused for her. This combination of emotional impact and damning indictment merits and repays deeper analysis.
A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory
Authors: Arendt Florian
Published: June 2012

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.
“Sad Movies Don’t Always Make Me Cry”
Authors: Ahn Dohyun , Annie Jin Seung-A , Ritterfeld Ute
Published: June 2012

This study examined the role of sadness in the process of enjoying tragedy. Sadness, perceived reality, involvement, and enjoyment were measured after participants watched a sad film. The results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that a tragic film induces sadness and that sadness is a positive predictor of perceived reality of the story and sense of involvement. Involvement, in turn, is a positive predictor of enjoyment of the sad film. Sadness predicted subject-oriented enjoyment (measured by a self-referent item: “I enjoyed the movie”) more significantly than object-oriented enjoyment (measured by an object-referent item: “The movie entertained me”). Perceived reality fully mediated object-oriented enjoyment, but only partially mediated subject-oriented enjoyment.
What Determines Video Game Use?
Authors: Hartmann Tilo , Jung Younbo , Vorderer Peter
Published: June 2012

The present study explores the role of intentions, habits, and addictive tendencies in people’s video game use. Although both habits and addictive tendencies may determine higher amounts of video game use, the present study examines whether the impact of habits and addictive tendencies on video game use may also be lower the less users intend to play (indicating a moderating role of intention). To test these assumptions, survey data were collected in two waves (N = 351), measuring causal factors in the first wave and outcomes (subsequent video game use) in the second. Results of mediation analyses reveal a positive impact of both habits and addictive tendencies on video game use that is partly affected by users’ intentions. Furthermore, moderation analyses suggest that the impact of habits, but not of addictive tendencies, on video game use decreases, the less users intend to play. Taken together, these findings suggest that users’ video game habits, addictive tendencies, and intentions jointly determine video game use.
Sexually Degrading Music Videos and Lyrics
Authors: Sprankle Eric L. , End Christian M. , Bretz Miranda N.
Published: June 2012

Utilizing a 2 (lyrics: present or absent) × 2 (images: present or absent) design, this study examined the unique effects of sexually degrading music videos and music lyrics on males’ aggressive behavior toward women, as well as males’ endorsement of rape myths and sexual stereotypes. Under the guise of a media memory study, 187 male undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Despite the many psychological theories predicting an effect, the presentation of sexually degrading content in a visual or auditory medium (or combination thereof) did not significantly alter the participants’ aggression and self-reported endorsement of rape myths and sexual stereotypes. The null findings challenge the many corporate and governmental restrictions placed on sexual content in the media over concern for harmful effects.
Applications of broadband radio signals for diagnostics of electron density profile dynamics and plasma motion in the HF‐pumped ionosphere
Authors: Shindin Alexey , Sergeev Evgeny , Grach Savely
Published: June 2012

A technique for studying inhomogeneous structure and motions in the ionosphere by measurements of the amplitude and phase characteristics of wideband radio pulses is developed and demonstrated in investigations of the HF‐pumped ionospheric volume above the Sura facility. For the study of the vertical structure (electron density profile and vertical velocities) with high altitude and temporal resolution, a Tikhonov regularization algorithm for the solution of the inverse problem using phase sounding data is implemented. Horizontal velocity data are obtained by means of a correlation analysis of the reflected signals received by the diversity technique. The application of the technique described allows measurement of the HF pump‐induced modifications of the electron density profile, particularly the plasma expulsion from the plasma resonance and upper hybrid resonance regions, with high accuracy.
Regional biases in absolute sea‐level estimates from tide gauge data due to residual unmodeled vertical land movement
Authors: King Matt A. , Keshin Maxim , Whitehouse Pippa L. , Thomas Ian D. , Milne Glenn , Riva Riccardo E. M.
Published: June 2012

The only vertical land movement signal routinely corrected for when estimating absolute sea‐level change from tide gauge data is that due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). We compare modeled GIA uplift (ICE‐5G + VM2) with vertical land movement at ∼300 GPS stations located near to a global set of tide gauges, and find regionally coherent differences of commonly ±0.5–2 mm/yr. Reference frame differences and signal due to present‐day mass trends cannot reconcile these differences. We examine sensitivity to the GIA Earth model by fitting to a subset of the GPS velocities and find substantial regional sensitivity, but no single Earth model is able to reduce the disagreement in all regions. We suggest errors in ice history and neglected lateral Earth structure dominate model‐data differences, and urge caution in the use of modeled GIA uplift alone when interpreting regional‐ and global‐ scale absolute (geocentric) sea level from tide gauge data.
A mast cell degranulation screening assay for the identification of novel mast cell activating agents
Authors: Staats Herman F. , Kirwan Shaun M. , Choi Hae Woong , Shelburne Christopher P. , Abraham Soman N. , Leung Gulice Y. C. , Chen David Y.-K.
Published: June 2012

A cell-based screen to identify novel mast cell activating compounds.
Optimisation of aqueous solubility in a series of G protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonists
Authors: Scott James S. , Birch Alan M. , Brocklehurst Katy J. , Brown Hayley S. , Goldberg Kristin , Groombridge Sam D. , Hudson Julian A. , Leach Andrew G. , MacFaul Philip A. , McKerrecher Darren , Poultney Ruth , Schofield Paul , Svensson Per H.
Published: June 2012

Solubility improvements in a series of GPR119 agonists are achieved through reduction of lipophilicity together with hydrogen bond acceptor modulation.
Regenerative Therapies in Neonatology: Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Gortner L. , Felderhoff-Müser U. , Monz D. , Bieback K. , Klüter H. , Jellema R. , Kramer B. , Keller M. , Reiss I. , Horn P. , Giebel B.
Published: June 2012

Regenerative therapy based on stem cells is applied as standard therapy in pediatric oncology. Furthermore, they are frequently used to treat immunodeficiency disorders of infants. For severe neonatal diseases, e. g. hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term neonates or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, animal models have been established. According to some first preclinical results stem cell administration appears as a promising tool to improve the clinical outcome in high-risk infants. Provided the benefit of regenerative therapies can further be evaluated in appropriate preclinical neonate models, carefully controlled clinical trials to assess the significance of regenerative therapies, such as autologous stem cell administration, are indicated.
Helicity sensitive terahertz radiation detection by field effect transistors
Authors: Drexler C. , Dyakonova N. , Olbrich P. , Karch J. , Schafberger M. , Karpierz K. , Mityagin Yu. , Lifshits M. B. , Teppe F. , Klimenko O. , Meziani Y. M. , Knap W. , Ganichev S. D.
Published: June 2012

Terahertz light helicity sensitive photoresponse in GaAs/AlGaAs high electron mobility transistors. The helicity dependent detection mechanism is interpreted as an interference of plasma oscillations in the channel of the field-effect-transistors (generalized Dyakonov-Shur model). The observed helicity dependent photoresponse is by several orders of magnitude higher than any earlier reported one. Also, linear polarization sensitive photoresponse was registered by the same transistors. The results provide the basis for a new sensitive, all-electric, room-temperature, and fast (better than 1 ns) characterisation of all polarization parameters (Stokes parameters) of terahertz radiation. It paves the way towards terahertz ellipsometry and polarization sensitive imaging based on plasma effects in field-effect-transistors.
Notes on the p-spin glass studied via Hamilton-Jacobi and smooth-cavity techniques
Authors: Agliari Elena , Barra Adriano , Burioni Raffaella , Di Biasio Aldo
Published: June 2012

In these notes, we continue our investigation of classical toy models of disordered statistical mechanics, through techniques recently developed and tested mainly on the paradigmatic Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass. Here, we consider the p-spin-glass model with Ising spins and interactions drawn from a normal distribution \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathcal {N}[0,1]$\end{document}N[0,1]. After a general presentation of its properties (e.g., self-averaging of the free energy, existence of a suitable thermodynamic limit), we study its equilibrium behavior within the Hamilton-Jacobi framework and the smooth cavity approach. Through the former we find both the RS and the 1-RSB expressions for the free-energy, coupled with their self-consistent relations for the overlaps. Through the latter, we recover these results as irreducible expression, and we study the generalization of the overlap polynomial identities suitable for this model; a discussion on their deep connection with the structure of the internal energy and the entropy closes the investigation.
Development of 3D microwave imaging reflectometry in LHD (invited)
Authors: Nagayama Y. , Kuwahara D. , Yoshinaga T. , Hamada Y. , Kogi Y. , Mase A. , Tsuchiya H. , Tsuji-Iio S. , Yamaguchi S.
Published: June 2012

Three-dimensional (3D) microwave imaging reflectometry has been developed in the large helical device to visualize fluctuating reflection surface which is caused by the density fluctuations. The plasma is illuminated by the probe wave with four frequencies, which correspond to four radial positions. The imaging optics makes the image of cut-off surface onto the 2D (7 × 7 channels) horn antenna mixer arrays. Multi-channel receivers have been also developed using micro-strip-line technology to handle many channels at reasonable cost. This system is first applied to observe the edge harmonic oscillation (EHO), which is an MHD mode with many harmonics that appears in the edge plasma. A narrow structure along field lines is observed during EHO.
Materials analysis and particle probe: A compact diagnostic system for in situ analysis of plasma-facing components (invited)
Authors: Taylor C. N. , Heim B. , Gonderman S. , Allain J. P. , Yang Z. , Kaita R. , Roquemore A. L. , Skinner C. H. , Ellis R. A.
Published: June 2012

The objective of the materials analysis particle probe (MAPP) in NSTX is to enable prompt and direct analysis of plasma-facing components exposed to plasma discharges. MAPP allows multiple samples to be introduced to the level of the plasma-facing surface without breaking vacuum and analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ion-scattering and direct recoil spectroscopy, and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) immediately following the plasma discharge. MAPP is designed to operate as a diagnostic within the ∼12 min NSTX minimum between-shot time window to reveal fundamental plasma-surface interactions. Initial calibration demonstrates MAPP's XPS and TDS capabilities.
Matrix representation of the time operator
Authors: Bender Carl M. , Gianfreda Mariagiovanna
Published: June 2012

In quantum mechanics the time operator Θ satisfies the commutation relation [Θ, H] = i, and thus it may be thought of as being formally canonically conjugate to the Hamiltonian H. The time operator associated with a given Hamiltonian H is not unique because one can replace Θ by Θ + Θhom, where Θhom satisfies the homogeneous condition [Θhom, H] = 0. To study this nonuniqueness the matrix elements of Θ for the harmonic-oscillator Hamiltonian are calculated in the eigenstate basis. This calculation requires the summation of divergent series, and the summation is accomplished by using zeta-summation techniques. It is shown that by including appropriate homogeneous contributions, the matrix elements of Θ simplify dramatically. However, it is still not clear whether there is an optimally simple representation of the time operator.
Quartic force field predictions of the fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants of the cations HOCO+ and DOCO+
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C. , Huang Xinchuan , Francisco Joseph S. , Crawford T. Daniel , Lee Timothy J.
Published: June 2012

Only one fundamental vibrational frequency of protonated carbon dioxide (HOCO+) has been experimentally observed in the gas phase: the ν1 O−H stretch. Utilizing quartic force fields defined from CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVXZ (X = T,Q,5) complete basis set limit extrapolated energies modified to include corrections for core correlation and scalar relativistic effects coupled to vibrational perturbation theory and vibrational configuration interaction computations, we are predicting the full set of gas phase fundamental vibrational frequencies of HOCO+. Our prediction of ν1 is within less than 1 cm−1 of the experimental value. Our computations also include predictions of the gas phase fundamental vibrational frequencies of the deuterated form of the cation, DOCO+. Additionally, other spectroscopic constants for both systems are reported as part of this study, and a search for a cis-HOCO+ minimum found no such stationary point on the potential surface indicating that only the trans isomer is stable.