bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIMENSIONING OF FIXED FREQUENCY PATCH ANTENNAS BASED ON NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Jocelyn Tanguy TASONA DOKO , Jacques MATANGA , Yannick MALONG , DIKOUNDOU Jean-François ESSIBEN
Published: June 2022

During the last decades the race for innovation in communication systems has not ceased to evolve, which has led to important studies in the field of antennas, which today have very different forms depending on the applications such as: mobile telecommunications, television, radio, satellites, communicating systems, radar, remote sensing, radio astronomy [1]. Among the most used antenna families are the microstrip antennas (also called printed antennas or patch antennas) [2]. These antennas are characterized by: low manufacturing cost, mass production possible, linear and circular polarization, feed and matching networks manufactured simultaneously with the antenna.

The limitations of conventional neural modeling have been overcome by the introduction of neural networks based on electromagnetic knowledge. A neural network using effective parameters in conjunction with the GALERKIN function has been developed for modeling the resonant frequency of a rectangular antenna printed on a substrate [3]. Thus, we set up a rectangular PATCH antenna model on HFSS for a resonant frequency close to 6GHZ and extract the parameters S11, Z11, and VSWR, and also check the training errors on MATLAB by generating the error types on a 4-input model (Thickness, Length, Width and substrate type) and one (1) output (Resonant Frequency) that will allow to extract the final dimensions of the antennas thanks to this neural model.
Recalibrating Stance of Survival for Philippine Schools Overseas (PSOs) Amidst Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Acosta Imee , Acosta Alexander
Published: June 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought disruption in the educational system across the globe. The sudden occurrence of the unprecedented event has resulted to educational crisis that placed the education sector to a position of creating immediate solution to address the changing landscape of learning delivery and continuity. This qualitative inquiry explored the challenges in teaching and learning continuity of Philippine Schools Overseas (PSOs) as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. In-depth Interviews (IDIs) were conducted from respondents, composed of teachers and school administrators of PSOs from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Greece, Libya, and East Timor. Using the qualitative data analysis framework, essential themes related to surviving the stance of pandemic were identified, namely: learning continuity amid pandemic, technology supported learning, and the need to provide support to teachers. The need to address learning continuity and develop plans for future directions beyond pandemic was also explored. To ensure teaching and learning continuity amid pandemic and beyond, PSOs need to implement post-pandemic educational model through the development of standards for online learning that articulates maximization of the use of technology that is reflective, sensitive, and responsive in times of crisis and to the needs of the future.
Does innovation matter for firm’s financial inclusion? Evidence from Enterprise Surveys in Cameroon
Authors: Saidou MOUSSA Elhadji , TIMBI Sézard , WOULKAM Bouba
Published: June 2022

This study aims at evaluating the impacts of innovation on financial inclusion in Cameroon. This specifically involves evaluating the effects of innovation on access, availability, use and the composite index of financial inclusion of companies in Cameroon. To achieve these goals, we used data from the World Bank (Enterprise Survey) from a survey of 361 manufacturing and service companies in 2016. Using the probit model, several results were obtained. (i) The more the company’s new products or services are new to its main market, and the more it invests in Research & Development activities, the more access it has to financial services; (ii) the more the company invests in Research & Development, the more it has overdraft or overdraft facilities; (iii) the more a company invests in Research & Development, the more it is financially included. Thus, we can recommend to Cameroonian companies to invest more in Research & Development in order to benefit from financial services from financial institutions.
Improving the Trigonometric Functions Learning Concept with Dynamic Mathematics Software
Authors: Li Li , Pereira Jerito , Hermita Neni
Published: June 2022

Since the 21st century, the new model of Internet+Education has gradually penetrated into the field of mathematics education and has become a hot topic in the current research on mathematics education, and education informatization has become the main development trend. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to help students and teachers how to use Hawgent dynamic mathematics software to help students learn trigonometric functions and help teachers practice trigonometric functions. The research method used is the research and development (R&D) method and this research was done at Chongqing Zhongxian Senior Middle School for the period month of July to August 2021. The model has adaptive guiding principles that can help researchers develop ICT based learning media in the five stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This research is based on the Hawgent dynamic mathematics software to design a trigonometric function integrable ware design model, dynamically presenting the concept of trigonometric function and its image and properties, and then use integrable ware to assist the teaching of trigonometric functions, and verify it through experimental teaching. The results show that the learning of trigonometric functions assisted by Hawgent dynamic integrable ware design can help improve students' understanding and interest in trigonometric functions. In the future, other researchers can study the influence of information technology on the teaching of mathematical formulas, theorems, and mathematical problem solving, and explore SEM models of influencing factors.
The Biological properties of the compost produced from Sawani Composting Plant
Authors: Belkher Salah
Published: June 2022

The biological properties (pathogen content) of four compost, composite samples produced from Al Sawani Composting Facility were studied during December 2004, January, February and March 2005, and the results indicated that these samples contained pathogenic bacterial species such as Enterobacter, Escherichia.Spp, Salmonella. Spp, Vibrio. Spp, Proteus. Spp, Klebsiella. Spp, Shigella. Spp, Citrobacter. Spp, Serratia. Spp, Staphylococcus. Spp, Pseudomonas. Spp, Streptococcus faecalis, bacteria forming - spores.

Fungal species that are pathogenic to humans and plants, include Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium Sp, Cladosporium Sp, Geotrichum Sp, Ulicladium Sp.

The results were compared with the international specifications or standards for the quality of compost produced from municipal solid waste, it became clear and all samples were found to be biologically contaminated with bacterial and fungal pathogens in the humans, animals, and plants.  This can be attributed to the failure of the operational process to produce mature compost which should end through the final treatment stage, as it is essential to destroy all pathogens.

Regarding the detection of nematodes, ascaris and some parasites, the tests did not show any positive results confirming their presence in the samples studied.
Professional Development of School Leaders In Supporting Effective Teaching And Learning In The Shiselweni Region, Eswatini
Authors: Jethro M. Mashaya , Njabuliso H. Nsibande , David Makondo
Published: June 2022

The study investigated how professional development of school leaders may support effective teaching and learning in the Shiselweni region of Eswatini. This was achieved through the following research objectives; to identify skills that school leaders have gained through professional development in their efforts to support teaching and learning activities; to determine how teachers perceived school leaders support as a result of their professional development for quality teaching and learning; to examine the challenges faced by school leaders as they transfer the skills gained through professional development and; to ascertain strategies for effective professional development which in turn supports teaching and learning. Using the mixed method approach, data was collected through interviews and questionnaires. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data and SPSS version 20 package was used to calculate frequencies and percentages which were used to analayse quantitative data. The findings of the study revealed the following; (1) School leaders acquire relevant managerial skills through professional development like instructional leadership, financial, personnel and organizational management. (2) There is a general agreement that school leaders empower teachers through in house and teacher training workshops. (3) School leaders are challenged in many ways such as financial constraints, limited resources and teachers’ resistance to change. (4) If properly trained and using a more structured approach, schools would benefit from instructional leadership, peer supervision of school leaders, performance appraisals and wellness programmes. The study recommended that (1) MoET should develop a policy on professional development of school leaders and teachers for more accountability on what has been gained. (2) There is need for a content-focused curriculum linked to effective teaching and learning. (3)Schools must develop their own capacity to learn through couching, mentoring, adopt to change and SLOs approach. (4) Shared leadership and collaboration at different levels of the school system should be encouraged as strategies for enhancing effective teaching and learning. Finally, it is recommended that INSET should conduct a needs assessment to ensure that the training is not ad-hoc and that the personnel should further their studies in institutions of higher learning.
The Role of Digital and Virtual Teams in Project Management: Zambia Centre for Communications
Authors: Mwamba Magdaline , Ahmad Malik Dr Mushtaq
Published: June 2022

The study was designed to explore the role of digital and virtual teams in project management. The study addressed three specific objectives and these were: To identify the benefits of digital and virtual teams in project management; to compare and contrast the elements and components of virtual project management and the traditional project management and to establish challenges of the digital and virtual teams in project management. Within a standard quantitative research methodology, the study used an embedded mixed methods design, which entailed the collection and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. Questionnaires and interviews were utilized to obtain quantitative and qualitative data from 80 individuals who were chosen for their purpose and convenience.
 
The study established the following as benefits for teams working in remote: Less efforts required, flexible scheduling, lack of commute, cost saving, reduced anxiety/stress, freedom of travel/relocate, reduced office politics and able to live where ever one wanted. With regard to the second objective, the study established that in both modes of project management, there was diversity in national background and culture.  There was  also communication, setting of goals to be achieved and evaluation of the project outcomes in both modes. Virtual teams, on the other hand, were very different from regular teams. Members of traditional teams worked close to one another, but members of virtual teams worked in various locations. A virtual team also functioned beyond place, time, and organizational boundaries, with linkages strengthened by webs of communication technology, unlike a typical team. On the third objective, the study etablished that virtual project management challenges were categorised into seven classes thus: communication; isolation and confusion; developing trust; performance, diversity and virtual work-cycle management; free ride; cultural differences; and time zones.
Based on the findings, the study recommends that to avoid the aspect of employee isolation, project managers must frequently use audio-video calls during virtual meetings. Second, virtual managers and their employers should build on the perceived benefits found in this study both before and throughout the development and management of virtual project teams.
The Effect of Health Education about Puberty on Knowledge of Physical Changes in the Early Youth in MTS Al-Ikhwan, Tidore Island
Authors: Triany L Pelu  , Halil Na’mira
Published: June 2022

Physical changes are one of the physiological characteristics of early adolescents in entering puberty. Physical changes are often a problem for adolescents if the meaning of these changes leads to negative perceptions. These negative perceptions require the transfer of knowledge in order to provide an understanding of the physical changes that occur. One form of distribution of knowledge is through health education. The results of the 2012 Indonesian Youth Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI-R) in Aulia & Antika (2018) stated that as many as 13.3% of young women did not know anything about their physical changes during puberty. In fact, 47.9% of adolescent girls do not know the time of puberty. This lack of knowledge of adolescents results in a lack of knowledge of adolescents when experiencing a transition period. The transition period that occurs in adolescents is a vulnerable period for puberty adolescents, because adolescents experience rapid changes and involve physical changes including changes in body size, changes in body proportions and level of self-understanding, especially in terms of physical and sexual (Pasaribu, Ramayanti & Puri). , 2015). This study uses a quasi-experimental design based on a one group pre-post test design. The research sample is the entire population (total sampling), which is 45 students at MTs Al-Ikhwan Tidore Islands. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that there was an effect of health education on puberty on knowledge of physical changes in early adolescents at MTs Al-Ikhwan Tidore Islands with p-value = 0.000. It was concluded that there was an effect of health education on puberty on knowledge of physical changes in early adolescence. This research still has many weaknesses, however, it is hoped that the results obtained can be used as material for other researchers to conduct further research on puberty with different designs and methods of health education.
Semantic and Pragmatic Features of Hadrami Jokes
Authors: Badurais Rasha
Published: June 2022

Humour with its different forms is a universal phenomenon. The joke is among these forms. Although they are not famous for their sense of humour, Hadrami people have their own special cultural heritage of jokes. This study attempts to investigate the semantic and pragmatic features of the punchline of  a selected number of Hadrami jokes depending on two parameters of the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH) which are Script Opposition (SO) and Language (LA). The linguistic constructs of LA are adopted from Leech's (1981) associative meanings and Grice's (1975) conversational implicature theory. The sample has been collected from the Internet and Hadrami people. After excluding the irrelevant ones, 37 jokes has been studied within the theoretical framework of this study following the discourse analysis approach of linguistic qualitative researches. The findings show that the most frequent SO in Hadrami jokes are: expected/ unexpected, and stingy/ not stingy. Also, the semantic features exceed the pragmatic ones. Within the semantic features, the connotations exceed – in their turn- the social and the collocative meanings. The focus of the pragmatic features is violating the maxims mainly under the SO parameter stingy/ not stingy.  These findings prove that the punchlines of Hadrami jokes are the focal point of the joke and they represent loaded language with a great diversity of semantic and pragmatic indications.
Analysis of Public Sector Coordination Implementation in Patuha 2 Geothermal Power Plant According To Public Private Partnerships (PPP) Framework
Authors: Purwanto Dedi Agus , Didi Turmudzi Dr. H.M , Heru Purwanto Dr. Bambang
Published: June 2022

The development of national electricity infrastructure has become one of the national strategic programs, one of which is the construction of the Patuha 2 geothermal power plant conducted by PT. Geodipa Energi (GDE). The Patuha 2 project is implemented using the Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. The implementation of public sector coordination in the Patuha 2 project is an important element to supporting project success. Initial research data shows that there are problems in the implementation of public sector coordination in the Patuha 2 project. This study attempts to analyze how the implementation of public sector coordination in the Patuha 2 project within the PPP framework. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method with the interview method as a means of data collection. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of public sector coordination is still not running effectively and optimally.
Information Ownership and Privacy Control in Information Society
Authors: Lucky Stephen Godwin , Mgbodichima Jummai Nwabugwu
Published: June 2022

Information ownership and privacy control of information are two inter-related aspects of privacy protection that have emerged as essential areas of study for academics, information scientists, businesses, lawyers, and policymakers with the advance of information technology in the information society. Information ownership and privacy control is an essential area of focus in today’s digital world and modern information society where information can so easily be captured, stored, and shared. Multidisciplinary privacy research has been conducted for decades. Yet, information ownership and privacy control remains a complicated subject that still provides fertile ground for further investigation, especially in the modern information society. This paper, therefore, discusses the concept and characteristics of information ownership, information privacy control, and information ownership & privacy control in the information society.
Numerical study of vegetable oil as dielectric in the generation of surface plasmon polaritons in metal: The case of double interfaces
Authors: Gunawan Vincensius
Published: June 2022

Modified electromagnetic waves which is resulted from coupling of surface plasmon and initial electromagnetic waves are called surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). These type of polaritons are generated at the interface between metal and dielectric.  Many studies are performed since SPP have potential application in many fields.  The process of generating SPP was usually using dielectrics in the form of solid.  However, the usage of liquid dielectric in generating SPP is very rare.  In this study, we predict numerically the usage of liquid dielectrics by solving the dispersion relation of the SPP.  The dispersion relation was derived using Maxwell equations and the continuity of the fields at the interfaces.  The metal was immersed in the liquid dielectrics. We used parameters of castor oil as liquid dielectric in the numerical calculation.  We found that the dispersion relation had two branches.  One branch represented in phase condition while the other branch illustrated out of phase condition.  This result agree with the previous research using solid dielectric.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Down Regulation and Cell Migration Inhibition in Human Pterygium Fibroblasts by Mitomycin-C, Curcumin and Fibrin Glue
Authors: Ramadhan Ferdian , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Zuhria Ismi , Indriaswati Luki , Komaratih Evelyn
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Pterygium is an ocular surface disease that often occurs in tropical countries with a high recurrence rate. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) play a key role in the inflammatory process of pterygium. This study aims to investigate the ability of curcumin and fibrin glue (FG) in suppressing the expression of MMP-3, and whether can be expected as adjuvant therapy to reduce pterygium recurrence.METHODS: Human pterygium fibroblasts (HPF) obtained from primary cultured of pterygium were treated with no treatment, curcumin, mitomycin-C (MMC), and FG. MMP-3 expression was analyzed using immunocytochemistry and the intensity measurement was done using ImageJ software. Cell migration was measured by scratching and stratification of fibroblast culture after cell confluence, and assessed for 48 hours.RESULTS: The expression of MMP-3 were lower in the HPF treated with 100 mol/mL curcumin, 200 mol/mL, and FG (2205.84±86.1 pg/mL, 1002.51±25.22 pg/mL, 1131.55±17.71 pg/mL, respectively) in comparison with untreated HPF (4703.49±108.9 pg/mL). The expression of MMP-3 were significantly different between groups (p<0.001). Cell migration of HPF after scratching with curcumin intervention at 200 mol/mL decrease from 178.67±2.85 (24 hours) to 88.83±1.48 (48 hours). Meanwhile the migration in FG group also decrease from 180.4±2.56 (24 hours) to 72.45±1.25 (48 hours).CONCLUSION: Curcumin and FG able to reduce the expression of MMP-3 and inhibit the migration of HPF cells.KEYWORDS: curcumin, mitomycin C, fibrin glue, human pterygium fibroblast, MMP-3
Transthyretin, Immature Platelet Fraction, and Mean Platelet Volume in Normotensive and Preeclampsia Pregnancy
Authors: Kemuning Asri Ragil , Wulanjani Herniah Asti , Limijadi I Edward Kurnia Setiawan , Samsuria Indranila Kustarini , Rachmawati Banundari
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Transthyretin protein experiences misfolding and aggregation in preeclampsia due to placental ischemia and inflammation. Placental endothelial damage occurring in preeclampsia stimulates the production of larger young platelets in the bone marrow and can be reflected by an increase in the immature platelet fraction (IPF) and mean platelet volume (MPV). Since the change in these markers in preeclampsia remains controversial, this study was conducted to analyze the differences in levels of transthyretin, IPF, and MPV as easily accessible markers in normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancies.METHODS: Total subjects included in this study were 32 normotensive and 26 preeclampsia pregnant woman. The measurement of serum transthyretin level was using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Meanwhile, IPF and MPV levels were measured by using a hematology analyzer with flowcytometry method. Data was statistically analyzed using unpaired T-test and Mann-Whitney, with significancy of p<0.05.RESULTS: Median value of transthyretin in normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancy were 11 (6-30) mg/dL and 9 (5-18) mg/dL. The mean value of IPF in normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancy were 4.56±2.19% and 6.33±2.99%. Mean value of MPV in normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancy were 10.41±0.76 fL and 11.32±1.2 fL. There were significant differences in levels of transthyretin, IPF, and MPV between normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancies (p=0.008, p=0.017, and p=0.002, respectively).CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in transthyretin levels, IPF, and MPV values in normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancies. Therefore, serum transthyretin, IPF, and MPV can be developed as affordable parameters for the diagnosis of preeclampsia.KEYWORDS: preeclampsia, transthyretin, IPF, MPV
Bifidobacterium lactis Inhibits iNOS Expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Negara Bertoka Fajar Surya Perwira , Choi Jae Suk
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Bifidobacterium is a genus of lactic acid bacteria that lives in the large intestine of humans and animals. The health benefits of this genus are well established; however, the anti-inflammatory activity of this genus, specifically Bifidobacterium lactis, has not been well defined. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of B. lactis hydrolysates using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.METHODS: RAW 264.7 cells were cultured using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium in 5 % CO2 incubator at 37 ℃. One µg/mL of LPS was used to stimulate RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were measured to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of B. lactis hydrolysates. The cytotoxicity of the inhibitor was also measured in present study through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay.RESULTS: The results showed that B. lactis hydrolysates at 25–200 μg/mL inhibited NO production. In concentration-dependent manner, B. lactis hydrolysate showed inhibition of iNOS expression. However, no inhibition on COX-2 expression was observed. The MTS assay of the B. lactis hydrolysates showed no side effects on the cell viability at all concentrations.CONCLUSION: The current study revealed that B. lactis hydrolysates possess specific anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting iNOS expression without cytotoxicity and therefore could potentially be developed as a new iNOS inhibitor.KEYWORDS: Bifidobacterium lactis, macrophages, hydrolysates, iNOS, COX-2
Update on Obesity: Induced Inflammation to Cause Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Wijaya Andi
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Obesity incidence has risen dramatically during the last 50 years, reaching epidemic proportions. Obesity's growing prevalence, as well as its numerous metabolic and cardiovascular problems, poses a danger to human health and lifespan across the world.CONTENT: Numerous studies have shown that obesity causes inflammation, and suggest that inflammation may have a causal role in the development of insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion, and energy homeostasis disturbance. Obesity-induced inflammation is different from other inflammatory models because it includes tonic activation of the innate immune system, which has a long-term influence on metabolic balance. Inflammation can cause tissue damage by causing maladaptive responses such as fibrosis and necrosis. Obesity-induced inflammation is unique since it affects a variety of organs, including the adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. These characteristics of obesity-induced inflammation make it difficult to decipher the underlying processes and how they affect metabolic systems.SUMMARY: The disruption of energy homeostasis caused by a positive energy balance is most likely the first trigger of metabolic inflammation, and the initial adaptive response aim to relieve the anabolic pressure caused by obesity. However, over time, this adaptive reaction becomes maladaptive, and the persistence of inflammation shows that the initial response has failed. The inflammation affects so many organ systems during obesity, and to develop novel treatment methods, a greater knowledge of the process was needed.KEYWORDS: obesity, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, heart failure
O skuteczności kuracji świerzbobójczych w Geoponice Kassianusa Bassusa Scholastyka
Authors: Bartnik Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

W świecie starożytnym choroby wywoływane przez pasożyty stanowiły poważny problem, przyczyniając się do znaczących strat ekonomicznych. Szczególnie uciążliwy dla hodowców był świerzb powodujący uszkodzenie runa u owiec oraz ogólne osłabienie kondycji zainfekowanych zwierząt. Ze względu na wywoływane przez inwazję tego pasożyta problemy antyczni podejmowali próby jego zwalczania. Wiele metod proponowanych przez hodowców i weterynarzy było całkiem skutecznych. Niezwykle ciekawym źródłem do badań nad skutecznością kuracji świerzbobójczych jest Geoponika Kassianusa Bassusa Scholastyka. Autor pisał z perspektywy wschodniej części Imperium Rzymskiego, bazując na wielu niezachowanych tekstach. Opisane przez niego metody leczenia świerzbu są mniej liczne od tych znanych ze starszych prac, co częściowo wynika z charakteru jego pracy. Bez wątpienia część leków różni się nieco składem od tych proponowanych przez starszych autorów, co może być związane z lokalną specyfiką i trudnością z dostaniem niektórych składników lub przetestowaną w praktyce wiedzą o ich skuteczności mimo zastosowania mniej skomplikowanego składu.
Kasztelana sandomierskiego Mikołaja Spytka Ligęzy (ok. 1563–1637) sprawy rodzinne i majątkowe. Przyczynek do genealogii i dziejów gorzyckiej linii rodziny Ligęzów herbu Półkozic
Authors: Anusik Zbigniew
Published: June 2022

Prezentowany tu artykuł poświęcony jest znanemu z aktywności na wielu polach, szanowanemu przez współczesnych i dobrze ocenianemu przez potomnych, kasztelanowi sandomierskiemu Mikołajowi Spytkowi Ligęzie herbu Półkozic (ok. 1563–1637) oraz jego bliższej i dalszej rodzinie. Autor wprowadził szereg istotnych poprawek i uzupełnień do genealogii gorzyckiej linii rodziny Ligęzów. Przedstawił najważniejsze wydarzenia z biografii rodziców bohatera niniejszego studium. Na podstawie odnalezionych źródeł dokonał analizy powodów, dla których rozpadło się ich małżeństwo i opisał materialne warunki ich rozstania. Przedstawił także losy jedynego brata i dwóch sióstr Mikołaja Spytka oraz ich potomstwa. W kręgu zainteresowań autora znalazła się również dalsza rodzina późniejszego kasztelana sandomierskiego, czyli jego stryjowie, stryjenki oraz siostry jego matki i ich mężowie. Mikołaj Spytek Ligęza stykał się też w swoim długim życiu ze swoim stryjecznym i ciotecznym rodzeństwem. W prezentowanym tu tekście znalazł się zatem i pełen spis takich właśnie krewnych bohatera. Uwzględniono również potomstwo licznych braci i sióstr stryjecznych i ciotecznych kasztelana sandomierskiego. Autor dokonał również kilku ważnych uściśleń w biografii Mikołaja Spytka Ligęzy. Zaproponował przesunięcie daty jego urodzin na początek 1563 r. Przedstawił dzieje jego dwóch małżeństw (funkcjonująca w literaturze przedmiotu informacja o pierwszym małżeństwie Ligęzy z Zofią Rzeszowską herbu Doliwa jest nieprawdziwa). W artykule ustalono ponadto stan posiadania rodziców późniejszego kasztelana sandomierskiego oraz opisano jego własne dokonania na tym polu. Okazało się, że u schyłku życia był on właścicielem nieco mniejszego majątku ziemskiego, niż zwykło się dotąd uważać. Omówiono także dzieje związków małżeńskich dwóch córek Mikołaja Spytka z drugiego małżeństwa – Zofii Pudencjanny, żony Władysława Dominika ks. Ostrogskiego-Zasławskiego oraz Konstancji, wydanej w 1637 r., kilka miesięcy przed śmiercią bohatera tego tekstu, za Jerzego Sebastiana Lubomirskiego. W ostatniej części artykułu przedstawiono pokrótce dalsze losy stworzonego przez Mikołaja Spytka Ligęzę latyfundium, które podzielone między jego córki, w 1653 r. uległo ponownemu scaleniu, trafiając ostatecznie w ręce rodziny Lubomirskich.
Udział i rola kobiet w powstaniu styczniowym
Authors: Barańska Anna
Published: June 2022

Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza prezentuje czynniki decydujące o roli kobiet w powstaniu styczniowym (kilkudziesięcioletnia tradycja, elementy strategii non-violence, struktura „państwa podziemnego”, partyzancki charakter wojny), organizacje kobiece oraz formy zaangażowania, jakimi były manifestacje, agitacja i propaganda, praca konspiracyjna, walka zbrojna, wywiad, łączność i aprowizacja oddziałów, służba zdrowia, opieka nad więźniami i rodzinami powstańców. Część druga przedstawia przekrój społeczny i działalność uczestniczek powstania w ujęciu statystycznym, na podstawie wykazu zesłańców z Królestwa Polskiego autorstwa Zofii Strzyżewskiej oraz kartoteki powstańców i zesłańców styczniowych gromadzonej w Instytucie Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Warszawie. Autorka analizuje dane kobiet represjonowanych za udział lub wspieranie powstania, 95 z Królestwa Polskiego i 2242 z ziem litewskich i białoruskich dawnej Rzeczypospolitej: wiek, pochodzenie społeczne i terytorialne, przyczyny oskarżenia, rodzaje działalności (na podstawie aktu oskarżenia), rodzaje kar, miejsca pobytu na zesłaniu. Do tekstu dołączono 11 zbiorczych tabel.
Rasowa elita narodu. O projekcie wspólnoty rodów SS Heinricha Himmlera
Authors: Bartnicka Alicja
Published: June 2022

Znana dziś pod skrótem SS organizacja sztafet ochronnych Adolfa Hitlera (Schutzstaffel) zawdzięcza swój prężny rozwój Heinrichowi Himmlerowi, który w latach istnienia Trzeciej Rzeszy uczynił z niej elitarną formację, stanowiącą tak narzędzie władzy wykonawczej, jak i zaplecze polityczno-wojskowe narodowosocjalistycznego reżimu. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że SS była dla Himmlera projektem o niezwykle istotnym znaczeniu, ponieważ to na jej gruncie, już od momentu objęcia funkcji Reichsführera, realizował koncepcję rasowej wspólnoty rodów.
Głosząc teorię o tym, że „ludzie mogą być hodowani z równym powodzeniem jak hoduje się zwierzęta”, Himmler marzył o wybudowaniu czystego rasowo społeczeństwa, mającego najbardziej cenione genetycznie przez narodowosocjalistyczną władzę cechy. By zrealizować ten projekt, jako Reichsführer wprowadził sekwencję różnego rodzaju wytycznych, dzięki którym w szeregi SS mieli być przyjmowani wyłącznie kandydaci spełniający ustanowione przez niego rasowe kryteria. Z czasem te restrykcyjne wymogi zaczęto stosować również wobec kandydatek na przyszłe żony SS-manów, co na przestrzeni kolejnych lat miało zagwarantować zarówno wybudowanie elitarnej pod względem rasowym wspólnoty rodów, jak i ciągłość genetyczną najbardziej pożądanych cech. Himmler rościł sobie prawo nie tylko do wydawania pozwoleń na zawarcie małżeństwa przez podległych mu SS-manów, lecz także zaczął ingerować w ich życie rodzinne, oczekując od par wchodzących w skład wspólnoty rodów konkretnej dzietności czy też dostosowania się do określonych ról społecznych.
Artykuł koncentruje się na opisaniu założeń teoretycznych i praktycznych działań Heinricha Himmlera mających na celu wybudowanie rasowej elity niemieckiego narodu na gruncie podległej mu SS. W tekście podjęto także próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czy rzeczywiście przestrzegano ustanowionych przez Himmlera wytycznych i na ile te praktyczne założenia okazały się skuteczne (w jakim stopniu wpłynęły na liczbę zawieranych przez SS-manów małżeństw oraz na liczbę rodzących się w tych związkach dzieci)?
An Economic Analysis of Technology Change in Tissue Culture and Non-tissue Culture Pointed Gourd in Anand and Kheda Districts of Middle Gujarat
Authors: Rajwadi Alvira , Pundir R.S.
Published: June 2022

Background: This paper has attempted an economic analysis of tissue-culture pointed gourd and non-tissue culture pointed gourd. As we know that vegetables are rich and comparatively cheaper source of vitamins. Consumption of these items provides taste, palatability and fiber for digestion. Their consumption in plenty provides fair amount of protein and also play a key role in neutralizing the acids produced during digestion of fatty foods. While pointed gourd contains 2 per cent protein, 0.3 per cent fat, 2.2 per cent carbohydrate, 153 IU vitamin A and 29 mg vitamin C per 100g edible portion (www.agrifarming.in). Methods: This study was conducted in the year 2017-18. The study has been conducted in the Anand and Kheda districts of Middle Gujarat using personal interview method. And 4 talukas were selected. Total 80 respondents were selected, out of them 40 were cultivating non-tissue culture and 40 were cultivating tissue culture variety of pointed gourd. Cost and return analysis had been done by using cost concepts. The Garrett ranking technique was used to study the adoption behaviour of farmers. Result: The study revealed that tissue-culture pointed gourd is more beneficial as compared to non-tissue culture pointed gourd. The cost of cultivation (Cost C2) of pointed gourd per hectare for tissue culture and non-tissue culture was ₹ 306655 and ₹ 237216, respectively. The average yield of tissue culture and non-tissue culture pointed gourd was 483 q and 248.49 q, while gross income was ₹ 597595 and ₹ 324741 respectively. Per hectare net returns in tissue culture pointed gourd for Cost C2 was ₹ 290940 whereas for non-tissue culture pointed gourd the per hectare net return over Cost C2 was ₹ 87525. The overall per hectare farm business income, family labour income and farm investment income for tissue culture farmer were found to be significantly higher compared to their counterpart non-tissue culture farmers. The overall input-output ratio on Cost C2 was 1.95 for tissue culture and 1.37 for non-tissue culture. ‘Higher yield’ was the main reason for adoption of tissue culture technology followed by ‘high quality fruit’ and ‘higher income per hectare’. On the whole, the analysis has revealed that the tissue culture technology in pointed gourd cultivation can go a long way in enhancing the farmers income which is the need of the hour.
Evaluation of Endophytes for Enhancing the Growth and Seed Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Sajjan Ashok S. , Kanabur Harishkumar Laxman , Santhosh G.P.
Published: June 2022

Background: Endophytes are microorganisms that reside in the tissues of living plants are relatively unstudied as a potential source of novel natural products for exploitation in medicine, agriculture and industry. In present study, the endophytes were extracted from aerial parts of chickpea (stem and leaves) brought from three different villages of Vijayapur district. Methods: The isolation of bacteria was done and their morphological and biochemical properties were studied. The screening was done to select efficient endophytes based on compatibility test between Rhizobium GV-2 and the isolated endophytic bacteria and indole acetic acid test. Accordingly, three efficient endophytes BL-4, MS-1 and MS-4 were selected and identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, B. cereus strain LPDB2 and B. cereus strain LPDB5 based on 16S rRNA molecular identification. These three efficient endophytes along with the Rhizobium GV-2 were treated with the chickpea seeds in different combinations and sown in pot culture and field condition to check the effect of endophytes on crop performance in chickpea. The observations on plant height and dry matter at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per net plot, seed yield per hectare were recorded. Result: The significant difference was observed among the treatments and the results revealed that treatment with B. thuringiensis+B. cereus strain LPDB2+B. cereus strain LPDB5+Rhizobium GV-2 noticed significantly higher performance in growth and yield parameters.
Assessment of drinking water from storage tanks in Federal University Dutse Nigeria
Authors: Adeleye Adeniyi Olarewaju , Godwin Abigail O. , Amoo Afeez Oladeji , Ijanu Emmanuel Madu , Amoo Florence Kemi , Yerima Mohammed Bello
Published: June 2022

The study assessed the quality of water obtainable in six (6) storage tanks present in the male and female hostels on the Federal University Dutse campus. Physicochemical analyses; temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrate, and phosphate were conducted using standard methods. Presumptive, confirmed, and completed tests were employed to determine total and fecal coliforms from the water samples using the most probable number (MPN) technique. Generated results from the parameters were compared with the allowable standards of the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). Results obtained on the physicochemical status of the water indicate that all measured parameters conformed to NSDWQ and WHO permissible standards. The results obtained in this study also show the presence of bacteria in the water present in the storage tanks which may constitute a health risk amongst students drinking it. It is therefore recommended that the water pumped and stored in these storage tanks should be adequately treated.
 
Keywords: Coliforms; Fecal; storage tanks; quality; water.
ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL BUILDING DESIGN WITH A COVID-19 PROTECTION PROTOCOL
Authors: Nurwidyaningrum Dyah , Sari Tri Wulan , Sujito Sujito
Published: June 2022

Islamic Boarding School building functions as a place of education for prospective ulama who are expected to be the disseminators of Islamic religious knowledge to the wider community. Coronavirus transmission was very fast in 2019-2022, so Islamic boarding schools must appeal to the government’s way of learning, one of which is to comply with the Covid-19 protection protocol. This study aims to get Islamic boarding school design with Covid-19 protection protocol. The method we did was survey and observation to initial research data, then made floor plans for the first and the second floors with AutoCAD according to a related party and expert ideas. Finally, with SketchUp Pro, a standard building design for the COVID-19 health protocol was obtained, such as the design of the top, 3D, side, and inside view. The design consisted of a bedroom in 8x8 meters with a height of 4 meters for 18 students with adequate ventilation and lighting. In every room and terrace, there is Covid-19 health protocol message. The area for hand washing with soap is located in the right and left wings of the bedroom. The stairs and doors for entry and exit are different. The rooms are arranged with one-way circulation of human movement. The corridor to come through the main stairs or the area near the bathroom goes down through the stairs near the ablution place. With this arrangement of beds, students' movement in the bedroom leads to another corridor from the direction of arrival. The students sitting on the bed can see the green view. They can move without colliding with each other, so it feels more relieved. They are targeted for activities in good health and lower disease transmission. As a result, students get more breathing space and behave more responsibly for personal health. For teachers and management, it is easier to carry out transmission tracing.
PLANNING OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM AREA OF GUS DUR TOMB INTEGRATED WITH REGIONALISM STRATEGY
Authors: Putra Jayanata , Septanti Dewi , Rachmawati Murni
Published: June 2022

Uncontrolled tourism development makes an area develops unevenly and causes changes of function that can harm the surrounding community. Thus, integration in an area is needed to form urban area plans. The development of tourist areas cannot be separated from the change of function that leads to the changes in areas that develop unevenly. For example, a change of lifestyle makes people initially gathered in open spaces move to areas with certain interests. So, the integration between spaces is an important concern in the scope of region development. These corridors can become open spaces that improve the quality of tourist areas. This research aims at identifying the potential development of the religious tourism area of Gus Dur Cemetery in Jombang City with a regionalism approach. It includes activities, facilities, and several symbols that increase the value of the place. The research method employed logical argumentation on which the research relies on argument as a reference in aspects and results of research. The data collection techniques are interviews, observations, cognitive mapping, and literature studies. This study shows some activities that need to be developed; providing an open space to support the community activities, providing facilities that make the value of a tourist area can increase economically, developing new symbols, developing religious tourism areas, and arranging landscapes.
AN APPROACH FOR PRESERVING OTTOMAN CULTURAL HERITAGE UNDER THREAT IN YEMEN: A CASE STUDY " THE OLD CITY OF SANA'A"
Authors: Alamri Yahya Abdullah , EKİMCİ Betül , İNCEOĞLU Mehmet
Published: June 2022

Cultural heritage is one of the human development aspects throughout the historical ages. Yemen is one of the wealthiest regions with cultural heritages in the Middle East, due to its important geographical location linking India, China, Africa, and the Mediterranean countries. Sana'a developed through successive Islamic eras, one of the most important of them was during Ottoman period. During their presence in Yemen, Ottomans were interested in constructing different types of buildings and bringing about a great civilizational and architectural renaissance in various regions of Yemen, especially in the city of Sana'a. However, cultural heritage in Sana'a was badly damaged during the Yemeni conflict, including Ottoman heritage. This study proposes an approach for preserving the building's cultural heritage under threat. This approach was based on the European Standard (EN 16096:2012 (E)), Conservation of cultural property - Condition survey and report of building’s cultural heritage. The methodology used will help preserve the cultural heritage in Sana'a by assessing the damage caused by the war in Sana'a, and appropriate proposals were made. This study considered a group of Ottoman structures in the old city of Sana'a as a case study. It shows the war-affected historical sites in all Yemeni cities. During the period of Ottoman rule in Yemen, various facilities were built in most regions of Yemen, most of which were concentrated in the old city of Sana'a. Ottoman establishments were counted in the old city of Sana'a, where there were twenty-eight of them, twenty-one installations still in existence, and seven destroyed and no longer existing.
AESTHETIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE RESTORED HERITAGE
Authors: Mohamed Abdurrahman
Published: June 2022

Kurkut mosque is one of the important historical buildings in Antalya Old Town, Kaleiçi. It represents a special landmark for its cultural and architectural identity. In 1896, a great fire destroyed the mosque, including the wooden 'külah' (spire) of its minaret. However, the lower parts of the minaret remained intact. Afterward, the mosque was called the 'Kesik Minare' Camii' (Cut Minaret Mosque). The Cut Minaret special form remained the identity of the old town for many decades. In 2017, a restoration project started to be prepared for the mosque and its minaret. Visual Impact Assessment is crucial in this regard in addition to Public Preference Analysis. This is to understand the restoration projects on public acceptance. This research used Aesthetic Impact Assessment (AIA) to assess public appreciation of the aesthetic quality of the newly restored minaret of the Cut Minaret Mosque. To achieve this goal, a set of aesthetic principles was developed. The aim was to provide insights into the cultural values of architectural conservation, restoration, and their role in shaping the identity of a continuously changing society. It has been found that the aesthetics of the minaret after restoration got around average public appreciation. It directs the attention of culture, religious authorities, and community organizations to give greater consideration to public involvement and participation in such projects.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOSQUE CHARACTERISTICS, ACTIVITIES, AND PERCEPTIONS OF SPIRITUAL VALUES
Authors: Haerdy Ratu Sonya Mentari , Kusuma Hanson Endra
Published: June 2022

A mosque is one of the art products formed by the spiritual values of Islamic religion. At this time, mosques are not always related to religious activities. Therefore, Everyone can visit mosques. The mosque is used as a place of worship and social-cultural interaction. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the characteristics of the mosque, the activities, and the user's perception of spiritual values. In this study, respondent data was collected by distributing online questionnaires with the results of 198 respondents. The data is then analyzed by quantitative methods through factor analysis to determine latent variables. Furthermore, a multivariate correlation analysis between latent variables was conducted to find the relationship between variables. The findings revealed the highest and most significant correlation between the characteristics of the mosque and ritual worship activities on the perception of solemnity during worship. Meanwhile, the mosque features also highly correlate with recreational activities, giving rise to the perception of openness to the mosque building.