bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis Risk Factors, Associated Morbidity and Mortality in Trauma Patients
Authors: Walusimbi Mbaga , Dossa Avafia Y , Faryar Kiran , Markert Ronald J , McCarthy Mary C
Published: January 2022

Background

The literature on upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) is not as abundant as that on lower extremities. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for UEDVT, associated mortality and morbidity in trauma patients and the impact of pharmacological prophylaxis therein.

Methods

A 3‐year retrospective review of patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center was conducted. Patients aged 18 years or older who had experienced a traumatic event and had undergone an upper extremity ultrasound (UEUS) were included in the study. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors that contributed to UEDVT.

Results

A total of 6,607 patients were admitted due to traumatic injuries during the study period, of whom 5.6% (373) had at least one UEUS during their hospitalization. Fifty‐six (15%) were diagnosed with an UEDVT, as well as three non‐fatal pulmonary emboli (PE) and four (7.1%) deaths, p = 0.03. Pharmacological prophylaxis with low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin showed a protective effect against UEDVT; among the patients positive for UEDVT, 14 of 186 patients (7.5%) received LMWH, while 42 of 195 (21.5%) did not receive LMWH (p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed that the presence of upper extremity fractures, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) were independent risk factors for UEDVT.

Conclusions

UEDVT are associated with a higher mortality. The presence of upper extremity fractures, PICC lines, and TBI were independent risk factors for UEDVTs. Further, pharmacological prophylaxis reduces the risk of UEDVT.
Effect of oat supplementation interventions on cardiovascular disease risk markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Llanaj Erand , Dejanovic Gordana M. , Valido Ezra , Bano Arjola , Gamba Magda , Kastrati Lum , Minder Beatrice , Stojic Stevan , Voortman Trudy , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Stoyanov Jivko , Metzger Brandon , Glisic Marija , Kern Hua , Muka Taulant
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Oat supplementation interventions (OSIs) may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, dietary background can modulate such effect. This systematic review assesses the effects of OSIs on CVD risk markers among adults, accounting for different dietary backgrounds or control arms.

Methods

We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed the effect of oat, oat beta-glucan-rich extracts or avenanthramides on CVD risk markers.

Results

Seventy-four RCTs, including 4937 predominantly hypercholesterolemic, obese subjects, with mild metabolic disturbances, were included in the systematic review. Of these, 59 RCTs contributed to the meta-analyses. Subjects receiving an OSI, compared to control arms without oats, had improved levels of total cholesterol (TC) [weighted mean difference and (95% CI) − 0.42 mmol/L, (− 0.61; − 0.22)], LDL cholesterol [− 0.29 mmol/L, (− 0.37; − 0.20)], glucose [− 0.25 nmol/L, (− 0.36; − 0.14)], body mass index [− 0.13 kg/m2, (− 0.26; − 0.01)], weight [− 0.94 kg, (− 1.84: − 0.05)], and waist circumference [− 1.06 cm, (− 1.85; − 0.27)]. RCTs on inflammation and/or oxidative stress markers were scarce and with inconsistent findings. RCTs comparing an OSI to heterogeneous interventions (e.g., wheat, eggs, rice, etc.), showed lowered levels of glycated haemoglobin, diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. The majority of included RCTs (81.1%) had some concerns for risk of bias.

Conclusion

Dietary OSIs resulted in lowered levels of blood lipids and improvements in anthropometric parameters among participants with predominantly mild metabolic disturbances, regardless of dietary background or control. Further high-quality trials are warranted to establish the role of OSIs on blood pressure, glucose homeostasis and inflammation markers.
Geological and soil engineering properties of shallow landslides occurring in the Kutupalong Rohingya Camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Kamal A. S. M. Maksud , Hossain Farhad , Rahman Md. Zillur , Ahmed Bayes , Sammonds Peter
Published: January 2022

The Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN), historically known as ‘Rohingya’ who fled the 2017 ethnic atrocities and genocide in the Northern Rakhine State of Myanmar, took shelter in Cox’s Bazar District of Bangladesh. The camp network, known as Kutupalong Rohingya Camp (KRC), is situated in the tectonically active tertiary hilly terrain. The KRC has been experiencing hydrometeorological hazards, where landslides are frequent. This study investigated the slopes’ geological condition, engineering properties and human interventions, which influence the landslides. The exposed slopes were relatively high (> 10 m) and steep ranging from 40° to 60° that have numerous polygonal tension cracks and fissures. From the geological and geotechnical aspects, there are three successive units of slope materials: (1) residual soils of sandy silt with clay, (2) highly weathered silty sandstones and (3) shale/clay with silt and fine sand intercalations at the bottom of the slopes. Field observations revealed that most slope failures occurred in the residual soil and weathered silty sandstone units. The residual soils have a bulk density of 1.49–1.97 g/cm3, a liquid limit of 25–48%, a plasticity index of 5–16% and an undrained shear strength of 23–46 kPa. The silty sandstones have a bulk density of 1.44–1.94 g/cm3, an internal friction angle of 34°–40° and a cohesion of 0.5–13 kPa. The mineralogical composition determined by the X-ray diffraction shows low clay mineral content, which does not affect landslides. However, the slope geometry, low shear strength with strain softening properties and torrential rainfall accompanied by anthropogenic factors cause numerous landslides every year. This study will help take proper mitigation and preparedness measures for slope protection in the KRC area and surroundings.
Fatigue fracture characterization by cyclic material forces in viscoelastic solids at small strain
Authors: Khodor Jad , Özenç Kaan , Qinami Aurel , Lin Guoyu , Kaliske Michael
Published: January 2022

The study at hand introduces a new approach to characterize fatigue crack growth in small strain linear viscoelastic solids by configurational mechanics. In this study, Prony series with n-Maxwell elements are used to describe the viscoelastic behavior. As a starting point in this work, the local balance of energy momentum is derived using the free energy density. Moreover, at cyclic loading, the cyclic free energy substitutes the free energy. Using the cyclic free energy, the balance of cyclic energy momentum is obtained. The newly derived balance law at cyclic loading is appropriate for each cycle. In the finite element framework, nodal material forces and cyclic nodal material forces are obtained using the weak and discretized forms of the balance of energy momentum and cyclic energy momentum, respectively. The crack driving force and the cyclic crack driving force are determined by the nodal material forces and the cyclic nodal material forces, respectively. Finally, numerical examples are shown to illustrate path-independence of the domain integrals using material forces and cyclic material forces. The existence of the balance of energy momentum and cyclic energy momentum are also illustrated by numerical examples.
What is morally at stake when using algorithms to make medical diagnoses? Expanding the discussion beyond risks and harms
Authors: de Boer Bas , Kudina Olya
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we examine the qualitative moral impact of machine learning-based clinical decision support systems in the process of medical diagnosis. To date, discussions about machine learning in this context have focused on problems that can be measured and assessed quantitatively, such as by estimating the extent of potential harm or calculating incurred risks. We maintain that such discussions neglect the qualitative moral impact of these technologies. Drawing on the philosophical approaches of technomoral change and technological mediation theory, which explore the interplay between technologies and morality, we present an analysis of concerns related to the adoption of machine learning-aided medical diagnosis. We analyze anticipated moral issues that machine learning systems pose for different stakeholders, such as bias and opacity in the way that models are trained to produce diagnoses, changes to how health care providers, patients, and developers understand their roles and professions, and challenges to existing forms of medical legislation. Albeit preliminary in nature, the insights offered by the technomoral change and the technological mediation approaches expand and enrich the current discussion about machine learning in diagnostic practices, bringing distinct and currently underexplored areas of concern to the forefront. These insights can contribute to a more encompassing and better informed decision-making process when adapting machine learning techniques to medical diagnosis, while acknowledging the interests of multiple stakeholders and the active role that technologies play in generating, perpetuating, and modifying ethical concerns in health care.
Infrared Absorption and Its Sources of CdZnTe at Cryogenic Temperature
Authors: Maeshima Hiroshi , Matsumoto Kosei , Hirahara Yasuhiro , Nakagawa Takao , Koga Ryoichi , Hanamura Yusuke , Wada Takehiko , Nagase Koichi , Oyabu Shinki , Suzuki Toyoaki , Kokusho Takuma , Kaneda Hidehiro , Ishikawa Daichi
Published: January 2022

To reveal the causes of infrared absorption in the wavelength region between electronic and lattice absorptions, we measured the temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient ofp-type low-resistivity ($$\sim 10^2~ \Omega \mathrm{cm}$$∼102Ωcm) CdZnTe crystals. We measured the absorption coefficients of CdZnTe crystals in four wavelength bands ($$\lambda =6.45$$λ=6.45, 10.6, 11.6, 15.1$$~\mu $$μm) over the temperature range of$$T=8.6$$T=8.6-300 K with an originally developed system. The CdZnTe absorption coefficient was measured to be$$\alpha =0.3$$α=0.3-0.5$$\mathrm{cm}^{-1}$$cm-1at$$T=300$$T=300K and$$\alpha =0.4$$α=0.4-0.9$$\mathrm{cm}^{-1}$$cm-1at$$T=8.6$$T=8.6K in the investigated wavelength range. With an absorption model based on transitions of free holes and holes trapped at an acceptor level, we conclude that the absorption due to free holes at$$T=150$$T=150-300 K and that due to trapped-holes at$$T<50$$T<50K are dominant absorption causes in CdZnTe. We also discuss a method to predict the CdZnTe absorption coefficient at cryogenic temperature based on the room-temperature resistivity.
Application of the Latching Control System on the Power Performance of a Wave Energy Converter Characterized by Gearbox, Flywheel, and Electrical Generator
Authors: Avalos Gustavo O. Guarniz , Shadman Milad , Estefen Segen F.
Published: January 2022

The latching control represents an attractive alternative to increase the power absorption of wave energy converters (WECs) by tuning the phase of oscillator velocity to the wave excitation phase. However, increasing the amplitude of motion of the floating body is not the only challenge to obtain a good performance of the WEC. It also depends on the efficiency of the power take-off system (PTO). This study aims to address the actual power performance and operation of a heaving point absorber with a direct mechanical drive PTO system controlled by latching. The PTO characteristics, such as the gear ratio, the flywheel inertia, and the electric generator, are analyzed in the WEC performance. Three cylindrical point absorbers are also considered in the present study. A wave-to-wire model is developed to simulate the coupled hydro-electro-mechanical system in regular waves. The wave energy converter (WEC) performance is analyzed using the potential linear theory but considering the viscous damping effect according to the Morison equation to avoid the overestimated responses of the linear theory near resonance when the latching control system is applied. The latching control system increases the mean power. However, the increase is not significant if the parameters that characterize the WEC provide a considerable mean power. The performance of the proposed mechanical power take-off depends on the gear ratio and flywheel. However, the gear ratio shows a more significant influence than the flywheel inertia. The operating range of the generator and the diameter/draft ratio of the buoy also influence the PTO performance.
Pore-Scale Investigation of Coupled Two-Phase and Reactive Transport in the Cathode Electrode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Ye Shengjie , Hou Yuze , Li Xing , Jiao Kui , Du Qing
Published: January 2022

A three-dimensional multicomponent multiphase lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is established to model the coupled two-phase and reactive transport phenomena in the cathode electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The gas diffusion layer (GDL) and microporous layer (MPL) are stochastically reconstructed with the inside dynamic distribution of oxygen and liquid water resolved, and the catalyst layer is simplified as a superthin layer to address the electrochemical reaction, which provides a clear description of the flooding effect on mass transport and performance. Different kinds of electrodes are reconstructed to determine the optimum porosity and structure design of the GDL and MPL by comparing the transport resistance and performance under the flooding condition. The simulation results show that gradient porosity GDL helps to increase the reactive area and average concentration under flooding. The presence of the MPL ensures the oxygen transport space and reaction area because liquid water cannot transport through micropores. Moreover, the MPL helps in the uniform distribution of oxygen for an efficient in-plane transport capacity. Crack and perforation structures can accelerate the water transport in the assembly. The systematic perforation design yields the best performance under flooding by separating the transport of liquid water and oxygen.
Relationship of the balloon analog risk task to neurocognitive impairment differs by HIV serostatus and history of major depressive disorder
Authors: Saloner Rowan , Morgan Erin E. , Hussain Mariam A. , Moore David J. , Heaton Robert K. , Cherner Mariana , Grant Igor , Iudicello Jennifer E. ,   the TMARC Group
Published: January 2022

HIV and major depressive disorder (MDD) commonly co-occur and are both linked to greater risk-taking behavior, possibly due to neurocognitive impairment (NCI). The present study examined the concordance of the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), a gold standard measure of risk-taking propensity, with NCI and real-world sexual risk behaviors in PWH with comorbid MDD. Participants included 259 adults, stratified by HIV serostatus (HIV + /HIV −) and lifetime MDD (MDD + /MDD −), who completed neuropsychological testing, the BART, and sexual risk behavior questionnaires. Logistic regression, stratified by HIV serostatus, examined joint effects of MDD and BART (linear and quadratic) on NCI. Follow-up linear regressions examined sexual risk behavior and neurocognitive domain T-scores as correlates of the BART. NCI prevalence was lowest in HIV − /MDD − , but BART scores did not differ by HIV/MDD status. In the HIV + group, BART performance predicted NCI such that high and low BART scores related to greater odds of NCI, but only in dual-risk HIV + /MDD + individuals. HIV + /MDD + individuals with both low and high BART scores exhibited poorer learning and recall, whereas processing speed and executive function were only poor in low BART risk-taking HIV + /MDD + . Higher BART scores linearly related to higher sexual risk behaviors only in MDD + individuals, independent of HIV serostatus. Low and high risk-taking on the BART may reflect discrete neurocognitive profiles in HIV + /MDD + individuals, with differential implications for real-world sexual risk behavior. HIV and comorbid MDD may disturb corticostriatal circuits responsible for integrating affective and neurocognitive components of decision-making, thereby contributing to risk-averse and risk-taking phenotypes.
Zinc Anode for Mild Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives
Authors: Yang Jinzhang , Yin Bosi , Sun Ying , Pan Hongge , Sun Wenping , Jia Baohua , Zhang Siwen , Ma Tianyi
Published: January 2022

The rapid advance of mild aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is driving the development of the energy storage system market. But the thorny issues of Zn anodes, mainly including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion, severely reduce the performance of ZIBs. To commercialize ZIBs, researchers must overcome formidable challenges. Research about mild aqueous ZIBs is still developing. Various technical and scientific obstacles to designing Zn anodes with high stripping efficiency and long cycling life have not been resolved. Moreover, the performance of Zn anodes is a complex scientific issue determined by various parameters, most of which are often ignored, failing to achieve the maximum performance of the cell. This review proposes a comprehensive overview of existing Zn anode issues and the corresponding strategies, frontiers, and development trends to deeply comprehend the essence and inner connection of degradation mechanism and performance. First, the formation mechanism of dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and their influence on the anode are analyzed. Furthermore, various strategies for constructing stable Zn anodes are summarized and discussed in detail from multiple perspectives. These strategies are mainly divided into interface modification, structural anode, alloying anode, intercalation anode, liquid electrolyte, non-liquid electrolyte, separator design, and other strategies. Finally, research directions and prospects are put forward for Zn anodes. This contribution highlights the latest developments and provides new insights into the advanced Zn anode for future research.
Topological amenability and Köthe co-echelon algebras
Authors: Pirkovskii Alexei Yu. , Piszczek Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

We introduce a notion of a topologically flat locally convex module, which extends the notion of a flat Banach module and which is well adapted to the nonmetrizable setting (and especially to the setting of DF-modules). Using this notion, we introduce topologically amenable locally convex algebras and we show that a complete barrelled DF-algebra is topologically amenable if and only if it is Johnson amenable, extending thereby Helemskii–Sheinberg’s criterion for Banach algebras. As an application, we completely characterize topologically amenable Köthe co-echelon algebras.
Self-organizing Maps and Bayesian Regularized Neural Network for Analyzing Gasoline and Diesel Price Drifts
Authors: Sujatha R. , Chatterjee Jyotir Moy , Priyadarshini Ishaani , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Mousa Abd Allah A. , Alghamdi Safar M.
Published: January 2022

Any nation’s growth depends on the trend of the price of fuel. The fuel price drifts have both direct and indirect impacts on a nation’s economy. Nation’s growth will be hampered due to the higher level of inflation prevailing in the oil industry. This paper proposed a method of analyzing Gasoline and Diesel Price Drifts based on Self-organizing Maps and Bayesian regularized neural networks. The US gasoline and diesel price timeline dataset is used to validate the proposed approach. In the dataset, all grades, regular, medium, and premium with conventional, reformulated, all formulation of gasoline combinations, and diesel pricing per gallon weekly from 1995 to January 2021, are considered. For the data visualization purpose, we have used self-organizing maps and analyzed them with a neural network algorithm. The nonlinear autoregressive neural network is adopted because of the time series dataset. Three training algorithms are adopted to train the neural networks: Levenberg-Marquard, scaled conjugate gradient, and Bayesian regularization. The results are hopeful and reveal the robustness of the proposed model. In the proposed approach, we have found Levenberg-Marquard error falls from − 0.1074 to 0.1424, scaled conjugate gradient error falls from − 0.1476 to 0.1618, and similarly, Bayesian regularization error falls in − 0.09854 to 0.09871, which showed that out of the three approaches considered, the Bayesian regularization gives better results.
Scaling the Children Immunization App (CIMA) to Support Child Refugees and Parents in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Social Capital Approach to Scale a Smartphone Application in Zaatari Camp, Jordan
Authors: Khader Yousef S. , Maalouf Wadih , Khdair Mohammad Abu , Al-Nsour Mohannad , Aga Eresso , Khalifa Adam , Kassasbeh Mohamad , El-Halabi Soha , Alfven Tobias , El-Khatib Ziad
Published: January 2022

Background

Children vaccination is a key intervention for their survival, especially among refugees. Yet, children vaccination registration is done manually in refugees camps and there is no possibility to send reminders to parents to come back on time. We aimed to boost the parental registration of children’s vaccination records on a Children Immunization app (CIMA) while also availing the parents with useful parenting skills under COVID-19-related stress.

Methods

We incorporated United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Parenting Skills under COVID-19 information material, through CIMA in Arabic and English languages. We recruited 1100 children in February–March 2021, through a community health promotion dissemination approach. A team of two nurses from the local population and two volunteers (one trained nurse and one trained social worker), from the camp, was formed. They promoted the CIMA app at two clinics and through households visits in Zaatari refugee camp. Qualitative data on impressions and observations of the interactions with the Zaatari camp community were also collected.

Results

A total of 1100 children, up to 15 months of age, eligible for vaccination were enrolled in CIMA, whereby the staff explained the content of the app in terms of vaccination schedule, health promotion materials for vaccination and parenting skills to their caregivers. During the household visits, the volunteers identified a total of 70 children that have incomplete history of vaccination records (n = 42/70 girls, 60%). Also, opportunities and challenges for scaling the app were documented.

Conclusion

The scaling of CIMA as an innovative means of dissemination of risk and health information in challenging context such as refugee camps was feasible. In the context of vaccination needs for children, in refugee settings, such a need is more eminent, particularly in the context of COVID-19.
Trends in Partial Disability-Free Life Expectancy between the Ages of 45 and 70 in Canada, 2000–2014
Authors: Lefebvre Judith , Carrière Yves
Published: January 2022

To better evaluate the benefits of a possible increase in the normal retirement age, this article proposes to examine recent trends in the health status of Canadians between 45 and 70 years of age. Using the Sullivan method, trends from 2000 to 2014 in partial disability-free life expectancy (PDFLE) between the ages of 45 and 70 years are computed. Disability is estimated using attributes of the Health Utility Index correlated with the capacity to work, and is looked at by level of severity. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of disability. Results reveal a slight increase in partial life expectancy between the ages of 45 and 70, and a larger number of those years spent in poor health since the beginning of the 2000s. Hence, this study brings no evidence in support of the postponement of the normal retirement age if this policy were solely based on gains in life expectancy.
The Legal Treatment of Religious Dissent in Western Europe: A Comparative View
Authors: Bottoni Rossella , Cianitto Cristiana
Published: January 2022

This article examines the legal treatment of religious dissent from a comparative perspective, by focusing on the legal evolution from intolerance to toleration, and from toleration to emancipation in France, Italy, Norway and the United Kingdom. Historically, in Europe, only people professing the official religion were regarded as full members of the political community. Those who professed another religion were expelled, persecuted, discriminated or – in the best cases – merely tolerated. Over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, in different degrees and forms according to the country concerned, European states started separating citizenship from religious belonging – a fundamental step in the process of secularisation of law in Europe. This development led to the emancipation of religious dissenters through the recognition of both the principle of equality of all citizens before the law, regardless of one's religion or belief, and the individual right to freedom of religion and belief.
The Early Motor Repertoire in Preterm Infancy and Cognition in Young Adulthood: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Salavati Sahar , den Heijer Anne E. , Coenen Maraike A. , Bruggink Janneke L.M. , Einspieler Christa , Bos Arend F. , Spikman Jacoba M.
Published: January 2022

Objective:

Preterm birth poses a risk to cognition during childhood. The resulting cognitive problems may persist into young adulthood. The early motor repertoire in infancy is predictive of neurocognitive development in childhood. Our present aim was to investigate whether it also predicts neurocognitive status in young adulthood.

Method:

We conducted an explorative observational follow-up study in 37 young adults born at a gestational age of less than 35 weeks and/or with a birth weight below 1200 g. Between 1992 and 1997, these individuals were videotaped up until 3 months’ corrected age to assess the quality of their early motor repertoire according to Prechtl. The assessment includes general movements, fidgety movements (FMs), and a motor optimality score (MOS). In young adulthood, the following cognitive domains were assessed: memory, speed of information processing, language, attention, and executive function.

Results:

Participants in whom FMs were absent in infancy obtained lower scores on memory, speed of information processing, and attention than those with normal FMs. Participants with aberrant FMs, that is, absent or abnormal, obtained poorer scores on memory, speed of information processing speed, attention, and executive function compared to peers who had normal FMs. A higher MOS was associated with better executive function.

Conclusions:

The quality of the early motor repertoire is associated with performance in various cognitive domains in young adulthood. This knowledge may be applied to enable the timely recognition of preterm-born individuals at risk of cognitive dysfunctions.
How can psychotherapists improve their practice with service users from minoritised ethnicities? An application of the Declarative-Procedural-Reflective (DPR) model of clinical skill development
Authors: Churchard Alasdair
Published: January 2022

Many white psychotherapists may lack the skills required to work effectively with service users from minoritised ethnicities. This article proposes that the nature of this skills deficit can be understood through applying the Declarative-Procedural-Reflective (DPR) model of therapist skill development. The DPR model has been used in a range of psychotherapeutic contexts, and it provides a systematic account of how therapists from all modalities develop and can improve their skills. Adapting this model to white therapists’ skills in working with service users from minoritised ethnicities allows the identification of specific areas of skills deficit, and therefore clear recommendations as to how to address those deficits. The application of the DPR model to this context suggests that there are clear areas of skills deficit in terms of knowledge base, the practical skills of carrying out therapy, and the ability of therapists to reflect on their work with service users from minoritised ethnicities. I conclude by making a number of suggestions as to how those deficits could be addressed, both by individual therapists and at a systemic level.

Key learning aims

(1)

To explore why some white psychotherapists find it more difficult to work effectively with service users from minoritised ethnicities.

(2)

To conceptualise difficulties in working with service users from minoritised ethnicities as an issue of clinical skill, knowledge and attitude development, where therapists’ skills can be improved if specific deficits are appropriately addressed.

(3)

To use the structure of the DPR model to better understand how deficits in therapists’ skills, knowledge and reflective ability may have an impact on their work with service users from minoritised ethnicities. This allows the identification of specific areas of deficit, and therefore clear recommendations as to how to address those deficits.

(4)

This is primarily addressed at CBT therapists, but the points raised in this article apply to all schools of therapy.
Variable structures in M87* from space, time and frequency resolved interferometry
Authors: Arras Philipp , Frank Philipp , Haim Philipp , Knollmüller Jakob , Leike Reimar , Reinecke Martin , Enßlin Torsten
Published: January 2022

The immediate vicinity of an active supermassive black hole—with its event horizon, photon ring, accretion disk and relativistic jets—is an appropriate place to study physics under extreme conditions, particularly general relativity and magnetohydrodynamics. Observing the dynamics of such compact astrophysical objects provides insights into their inner workings, and the recent observations of M87* by the Event Horizon Telescope1–6 using very-long-baseline interferometry techniques allows us to investigate the dynamical processes of M87* on timescales of days. Compared with most radio interferometers, very-long-baseline interferometry networks typically have fewer antennas and low signal-to-noise ratios. Furthermore, the source is variable, prohibiting integration over time to improve signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we present an imaging algorithm7,8 that copes with the data scarcity and temporal evolution, while providing an uncertainty quantification. Our algorithm views the imaging task as a Bayesian inference problem of a time-varying brightness, exploits the correlation structure in time and reconstructs (2 + 1 + 1)-dimensional time-variable and spectrally resolved images. We apply this method to the Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87*9 and validate our approach on synthetic data. The time- and frequency-resolved reconstruction of M87* confirms variable structures on the emission ring and indicates extended and time-variable emission structures outside the ring itself.
An inner-filter-effect based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the detection of uranyl ions in real samples
Authors: Nan Hua-Rui , Liu Yun-Hai , Gong Wen-Juan , Peng Hong-Bo , Wang You-Qun , Zhang Zhi-Bin , Cao Xiao-Hong
Published: January 2022

We herein construct a ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on the inner filter effect for the sensitive detection of uranyl ions in real samples.
Impact of food processing on postprandial glycaemic and appetite responses in healthy adults: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Hafiz Maryam S. , Campbell Matthew D. , Orsi Nicolas M. , Mappa Georgia , Orfila Caroline , Boesch Christine
Published: January 2022

Consumption of chickpea attenuates postprandial glycaemic response and enhances satiety independent of food processing.
Solid-state 17O NMR study of α-d-glucose: exploring new frontiers in isotopic labeling, sensitivity enhancement, and NMR crystallography
Authors: Shen Jiahui , Terskikh Victor , Struppe Jochem , Hassan Alia , Monette Martine , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Brinkmann Andreas , Wu Gang
Published: January 2022

We report the first “total synthesis” of 17O-labeled d-glucose and its solid-state 17O NMR characterization with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution.
Covalently integrated silica nanoparticles in poly(ethylene glycol)-based acrylate resins: thermomechanical, swelling, and morphological behavior
Authors: Hocken Alexis , Beyer Frederick L. , Lee Jae Sang , Grim Bradley J. , Mithaiwala Husain , Green Matthew D.
Published: January 2022

Nanocomposites integrate functional nanofillers into viscoelastic matrices for electronics, lightweight structural materials, and tissue engineering.
Announcing a New Registered Report Article Type at the
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Authors: Storkel Holly L. , Gallun Frederick J.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

This editorial introduces the new registered reports article type for the
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
. The goal of registered reports is to create a structural solution to address issues of publication bias toward results that are unexpected and sensational, questionable research practices that are used to produce novel results, and a peer-review process that occurs at the end of the research process when changes in fundamental design are difficult or impossible to implement.

Conclusion:

Registered reports can be a positive addition to scientific publications by addressing issues of publication bias, questionable research practices, and the late influence of peer review. This article type does so by requiring reviewers and authors to agree in advance that the experimental design is solid, the questions are interesting, and the results will be publishable regardless of the outcome. This procedure ensures that replication studies and null results make it into the published literature and that authors are not incentivized to alter their analyses based on the results that they obtain. Registered reports represent an ongoing commitment to research integrity and finding structural solutions to structural problems inherent in a research and publishing landscape in which publications are such a high-stakes aspect of individual and institutional success.
Stochastic gravitational-wave background as a tool for investigating multi-channel astrophysical and primordial black-hole mergers
Authors: Bavera Simone S. , Franciolini Gabriele , Cusin Giulia , Riotto Antonio , Zevin Michael , Fragos Tassos
Published: January 2022

The formation of merging binary black holes can occur through multiple astrophysical channels such as, e.g., isolated binary evolution and dynamical formation or, alternatively, have a primordial origin. Increasingly large gravitational-wave catalogs of binary black-hole mergers have allowed for the first model selection studies between different theoretical predictions to constrain some of their model uncertainties and branching ratios. In this work, we show how one could add an additional and independent constraint to model selection by using the stochastic gravitational-wave background. In contrast to model selection analyses that have discriminating power only up to the gravitational-wave detector horizons (currently at redshifts z ≲ 1 for LIGO–Virgo), the stochastic gravitational-wave background accounts for the redshift integration of all gravitational-wave signals in the Universe. As a working example, we consider the branching ratio results from a model selection study that includes potential contribution from astrophysical and primordial channels. We renormalize the relative contribution of each channel to the detected event rate to compute the total stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density. The predicted amplitude lies below the current observational upper limits of GWTC-3 by LIGO–Virgo, indicating that the results of the model selection analysis are not ruled out by current background limits. Furthermore, given the set of population models and inferred branching ratios, we find that, even though the predicted background will not be detectable by current generation gravitational-wave detectors, it will be accessible by third-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope and space-based detectors such as LISA.
The interstellar dust emission spectrum
Authors: Désert François-Xavier
Published: January 2022

Context. Most of the modelling of the interstellar dust infrared emission spectrum is done by assuming some variations around a single-temperature grey-body approximation. For example, the foreground modelling of Planck mission maps involves a single dust temperature, T, along a given line-of-sight with a single emissivity index, β. The two parameters are then fitted and therefore variable from one line-of-sight to the other.

Aims. Our aim is to go beyond that modelling in an economical way.

Methods. We model the dust spectrum with a temperature distribution around the mean value and show that only the second temperature moment matters. We advocate the use of the temperature logarithm as the proper variable.

Results. If the interstellar medium is not too heterogeneous, there is a universal analytical spectrum, which is derived here, that goes beyond the grey-body assumption. We show how the cosmic microwave background radiatively interacts with the dust spectrum (a non-negligible corrective term at millimetre wavelengths). Finally, we construct a universal ladder of discrete temperatures, which gives a minimal and fast description of dust emission spectra as measured by photometric mapping instruments that lends itself to an almost linear fitting. This data modelling can include contributions from the cosmic infrared background fluctuations.
Exact solution and the multidimensional Godunov scheme for the acoustic equations
Authors: Barsukow Wasilij , Klingenberg Christian
Published: January 2022

The acoustic equations derived as a linearization of the Euler equations are a valuable system for studies of multi-dimensional solutions. Additionally they possess a low Mach number limit analogous to that of the Euler equations. Aiming at understanding the behaviour of the multi-dimensional Godunov scheme in this limit, first the exact solution of the corresponding Cauchy problem in three spatial dimensions is derived. The appearance of logarithmic singularities in the exact solution of the 4-quadrant Riemann Problem in two dimensions is discussed. The solution formulae are then used to obtain the multidimensional Godunov finite volume scheme in two dimensions. It is shown to be superior to the dimensionally split upwind/Roe scheme concerning its domain of stability and ability to resolve multi-dimensional Riemann problems. It is shown experimentally and theoretically that despite taking into account multi-dimensional information it is, however, not able to resolve the low Mach number limit.
Als Team die Versorgung mit ECLS/ECMO meistern
Authors: Krüger Lars , Fründ Andreas , Burckhardt Marion , Ensminger Stephan , Beckmann Andreas , Assmann Alexander , Kluge Stefan , Zausig York , Miera Oliver , Haake Nils , Lubnow Matthias , Werdan Karl , Boeken Udo
Published: January 2022

Vor allem im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie wird die ECLS/ECMO-Therapie noch häufiger in der Intensivmedizin eingesetzt und oft auch in den allgemeinen Medien genannt. Seit Februar 2021 ist die S3-Leitlinie „Einsatz der extrakorporalen Zirkulation (ECLS/ECMO) bei Herz- und Kreislaufversagen“ bei der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) online abrufbar. Die Autorenschaft fasst die Inhalte in der Leitlinie zusammen und legt dabei einen Schwerpunkt auf die Intensivpflege und Physiotherapie.
Digitale Transformation: Das Gesundheitswesen der Zukunft wird anders
Authors: Gocke Peter
Published: January 2022

Wenn diese Ausgabe der kma erscheint, werden wir immer noch mit den Auswirkungen der Pandemie kämpfen – bald zwei Jahre nach dem ersten Nachweis einer Sars-CoV-2-Infektion in Deutschland. In dieser angespannten Situation auch noch die digitale Transformation voranzutreiben, ist nicht einfach. Zwar steht jetzt mit dem Krankenhaus-Zukunftsgesetz (KHZG) Geld zumindest für Krankenhäuser zur Verfügung, und verschiedenste Gesetze forcieren den Ausbau der Telematikinfrastruktur zu einem hoffentlich bald funktionsfähigen, national vernetzten Gesundheitssystem – aber die in den letzten beiden Jahren erzielten Fortschritte bleiben überschaubar: Immer noch gibt es technische Schwierigkeiten bei der Anbindung über die vorgeschriebenen Konnektoren, und Dienste und Services wie die elektronische Patientenakte kommen nur in homöopathischen Dosen bei den Patienten an. Andere hilfreiche Services wie die elektronische Arbeitsunfähigkeitsbescheinigung oder das E-Rezept starten ebenso zögerlich mit aus guten Gründen erforderlichen verlängerten Übergangsfristen, in denen die Papierprozesse weitergeführt werden können.
Arzneimittel-Kompass 2021: Medikamentenausgaben auf neuem Höchststand
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: January 2022

Im diesjährigen Arzneimittel-Kompass diskutieren mehr als 40 namhafte Autorinnen und Autoren im Rahmen des Schwerpunktthemas „Hochpreisige Arzneimittel“, wie eine faire Preisregulierung gelingen kann, ohne dabei die Patientensicherheit aus dem Auge zu verlieren.
Patientensicherheit: Fehler aufarbeiten statt anprangern
Authors: Orth Anne
Published: January 2022

Fehler passieren, können aber insbesondere im Gesundheitswesen gravierende Folgen haben. Damit sich kritische Vorkommnisse nicht wiederholen, ist es wichtig, sie nicht zu verschweigen, sondern daraus zu lernen. Doch wie weit sind Krankenhäuser in Deutschland tatsächlich auf dem Weg zu einer offenen Fehlerkultur? Was hat sich bewährt und wo gibt es Verbesserungsbedarf? Wir haben in Kliniken nachgefragt.
Umgang mit Fehlern: „Die Sicherheitskultur ist längst nicht dort, wo sie sein sollte“
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: January 2022

Woran hapert es noch in deutschen Krankenhäusern, wenn es um die Vermeidung beziehungsweise die Aufarbeitung von Fehlern im Klinikalltag geht? Dr. Ruth Hecker, Vorsitzende des Aktionsbündnisses Patientensicherheit, ordnet im Gespräch mit kma das Thema ein und zeigt, wo und warum unbedingt Handlungsbedarf besteht.
Karriere: Chefärztliche Laufbahn ist nicht mehr attraktiv
Authors: Räwer Henrik , Liberatore Florian
Published: January 2022

Auch auf der ärztlichen Leitungsebene in Kliniken und Gesundheitseinrichtungen nehmen die Schwierigkeiten bei der Besetzung von Stellen zu. Nur noch 14 Prozent der Oberärztinnen und Oberärzte deutscher Universitätsklinika streben laut einer aktuellen Umfrage der Personalberatung Rochus Mummert eine chefärztliche Karriere an, nur acht Prozent einen universitären Lehrstuhl.
Krankenhaushaftpflichtversicherung: Gut gewappnet für den Notfall
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: January 2022

Krankenhaushaftpflichtversicherungen sind eine teure Angelegenheit – sowohl für die Kliniken als auch für die Versicherer. Wie sich die Schäden entwickelt haben und Versicherungen darauf reagieren.
Cyberversicherung: Das Jahr der Erpressung
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: January 2022

Cyberversicherungen zur Absicherung von IT-Risiken boomen. Die zuletzt stark angestiegenen Angriffe mit sogenannten Verschlüsselungstrojanern bringen aber nicht nur Kliniken in Bedrängnis, sondern zwingen Versicherer zu Beitragserhöhungen und Änderung ihrer Konditionen. Erste Versicherungen verkaufen bereits keine Policen mehr, die eine Erstattung von Lösegeldzahlung vorsehen.
ÖVKT 2021: Die Professionalisierung der Technik
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: January 2022

In den letzten zwei Jahren erlebte die Krankenhaustechnik ein enormes Tempo: Die Covid-19-Pandemie erforderte in vielerlei Hinsicht immer wieder schnelles und kreatives Handeln. Gleichzeitig musste der Routinebetrieb sicher weiterlaufen und technologischer Fortschritt – sei es die Digitalisierung oder der Umgang mit dem Klimawandel – vorangetrieben werden.
Measuring magnetic flux suppression in high-power laser–plasma interactions
Authors: Campbell P. T. , Walsh C. A. , Russell B. K. , Chittenden J. P. , Crilly A. , Fiksel G. , Gao L. , Igumenshchev I. V. , Nilson P. M. , Thomas A. G. R. , Krushelnick K. , Willingale L.
Published: January 2022

Biermann battery magnetic field generation driven by high power laser–solid interactions is explored in experiments performed with the OMEGA EP laser system. Proton deflectometry captures changes to the strength, spatial profile, and temporal dynamics of the self-generated magnetic fields as the target material or laser intensity is varied. Measurements of the magnetic flux during the interaction are used to help validate extended magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. Results suggest that kinetic effects cause suppression of the Biermann battery mechanism in laser–plasma interactions relevant to both direct and indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion. Experiments also find that more magnetic flux is generated as the target atomic number is increased, which is counter to a standard MHD understanding.
Research and analysis of an energy harvester of piezoelectric cantilever beam based on nonlinear magnetic action
Authors: Gu Xiangfeng , He Lipeng , Yu Gang , Liu Lei , Zhou Jianwen , Cheng Guangming
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester is developed based on rotational motion applications. It consists of the pedestal, the piezoelectric beam, the connection mass, the tip magnetic mass, the revolving host, the support frame, and the bolts. This device drives the intermittent magnetic vibration between the magnet and the tip magnetic mass to generate electric energy, avoids mechanical collision and wear, and extends the service life of the device. The working principle and vibration model of the proposed energy harvester are studied theoretically. The displacement state of the piezoelectric beam under a magnetic force is simulated and analyzed. In addition, a series of experiments verify the simulation results. With two driving magnets, 5 g tip magnetic mass, and 10 mm radial excitation distances, a piezoelectric energy harvester can capture energy efficiently. The results demonstrate that the piezoelectric energy harvester produces four resonance frequencies of 4, 11, 15, and 19 Hz. When the rotation frequency is 4 Hz, the maximum open-circuit voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvester is 96.87 V. The piezoelectric energy harvester gets the maximum average power of 8.97 mW when the external resistance is 300 kΩ. At this time, the voltage across the resistance is 51.87 V.
A perspective on integrated atomo-photonic waveguide circuits
Authors: Ovchinnikov Yuri B.
Published: January 2022

Integrated photonic circuits based on suspended photonic rib waveguides, which can be used for coherent trapping, guiding, and splitting of ultra-cold neutral atoms in two-color evanescent light fields near their surfaces, are described. Configurations of quantum inertial sensors based on such integrated atomo-photonic waveguides, which are simultaneously guiding photons and atoms along the same paths, are presented. The difference between free-space and guided atom interferometers in the presence of external forces is explained. The theoretical and technological challenges, to be overcome on the way to the realization of such a platform for quantum technologies, are discussed.