bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade Competitiveness, Constituency Interests, and Legislators’ Attitudes Towards Trade Agreements
Authors: Dür Andreas , Huber Robert A. , Stiller Yannick
Published: May 2023

We argue that legislators’ trade attitudes reflect constituents’ economic interests. Concretely, we expect that legislators from districts that are highly competitive in international trade should be more supportive of trade agreements than legislators from non-competitive districts. The strength of this relationship should be lower in multi-member districts and for right-wing legislators. Data based on surveys with 3,576 legislators from 16 Latin American countries and 48 legislative periods between 2005 and 2019 allow us to test these expectations. The surveys captured legislators’ attitudes towards trade agreements between their countries and the United States and the European Union, respectively, and the Pacific Alliance. We measure districts’ trade competitiveness with an innovative combination of household survey and trade data. The evidence supports all three expectations. The findings contribute to research on trade policymaking, public opinion towards trade, and legislator behavior.
The Role of Recollection, Familiarity, and the Hippocampus in Episodic and Working Memory
Authors: Yonelinas Andrew , Hawkins Chris , Abovian Ani , Aly Mariam
Published: May 2023

The hippocampus plays an essential role in long-term episodic memory by supporting the recollection of contextual details, whereas surrounding regions such as the perirhinal cortex support familiarity- based recognition discriminations. Working memory - the ability to maintain information over very brief periods of time - is traditionally thought to rely heavily on frontoparietal attention networks, but recent work has shown that it can also rely on the hippocampus. However, the conditions in which the hippocampus becomes involved in working memory are unclear and whether it contributes to recollection or familiarity-based responses in working memory is only beginning to be explored. In the current paper, we first review and contrast the existing amnesia literature examining recollection and familiarity in episodic and working memory. The results indicate that, in contrast to episodic memory, in working memory the hippocampus is particularly critical for familiarity-based rather than recollection-based discrimination. Moreover, they indicate that the role of the hippocampus in working memory can be obscured due to ‘criterion-induced process-masking’ because it primarily supports intermediate-confidence recognition decisions. We then report results from a new working memory study examining the ability of amnesics to detect global and local changes in complex objects, which indicates that the hippocampus plays an especially critical role when working memory relies on the detection of global rather than discrete changes. We conclude by considering the results in light of neurocomputational models and proposing a general framework for understanding the relationship between episodic and working memory.
The Social Media Use Scale: Development and Validation
Authors: Tuck Alison , Thompson Renee J.
Published: May 2023

Social media (SM) use has been primarily operationalized as frequency of use or as passive versus active use. We hypothesize that these constructs have shown mixed associations with psychological constructs because the factor structure underlying social media use (SMU) has not been fully identified. We conducted three studies with college students. In Study 1 (N=176), we collected data about participants’ SMU, informing item generation. In Study 2 (N=311), we tested two factor structures: (1) passive, active social, and active non-social and (2) a hypothesized four-factor structure. Neither confirmatory model produced acceptable fits, but an exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor model: Belief-based, consumption-based, image-based, and comparison-based SMU. This four-factor structure was supported in Study 3 (N=397), which was preregistered, via a confirmatory factor analysis. The subscale items showed good internal consistencies, and evidence is presented for convergent validity. These factors represent a novel classification of people’s SMU that can be measured with the Social Media Use Scale.
Knowing the learning strategy is not enough to use it: Example in reading strategies for Japanese undergraduates
Authors: Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2023

Learning strategies are an important component of self-regulated learning. Learners are expected to use multiple strategies appropriately. This study focused on metacognitive knowledge in the use of learning strategies and attempted to clarify the hierarchical nature of multiple knowledge. Furthermore, the study provided suggestions that could lead to further efficient acquisition of learning strategies. Responses were obtained from 184 Japanese university students regarding the degree of strategy use, knowledge regarding strategy, and perceived benefit and cost of 28 reading strategies. Results of the hierarchical Bayesian modeling showed that strategy use was influenced by knowledge regarding strategy and perceived benefit and cost. Furthermore, the effects of perceived benefit and cost were lower in the absence of knowledge regarding strategy. Dependence of the effects of perceived benefit and cost of strategy use on the presence or absence of knowledge regarding strategy suggests a hierarchy of metacognitive knowledge regarding usage of learning strategies.
Does Interviewers’ Age Affect Their Assessment of Respondents’ Understanding of Survey Questions? Evidence From the European Social Survey
Authors: Zyczynska-Ciolek Danuta , Kolczynska Marta
Published: May 2023

Prior research has found that older respondents are more often assessed by interviewers as having problems with understanding survey questions, which has been attributed to older respondents’ lower cognitive performance resulting in lower quality responses. These analyses have ignored the characteristics and active role of the interviewer. Drawing from sociopsychological research on age-related stereotypes and inter-generational communication, we hypothesize that ages of the respondent and the interviewer together shape the interviewer’s perception of the respondent’s performance. Our analyses of the European Social Survey Round 8 show that the negative effect of respondents’ age on the assessment of understanding survey questions is greater if interviewers are younger than if they are older, net of respondents’ cognitive functioning and undesirable response styles.
Retrospective Study of Autologous Arteriovenous Fistula Creation as Vascular Access for Hemodialysis
Authors: Sah Bijay , Shekhar Jaiswa Lokesh , Kumar Gupta Rakesh
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAn autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation is a common vascular procedure forhemodialysis (HD) patients. This surgical procedure aim is to design a vascular conduct thatwithstands hemodialysis for a durable period. However, the functional outcome of this procedurevaries and depends on patients’ various predictors. .MethodsA retrospective observational study was carried out to evaluate the functional outcome of AVFcreation at the cardiothoracic vascular surgery unit of the surgery department of B.P KoiralaInstitute of Health Sciences from February 2019 to February 2020. The medical file of the patientswas studied, relevant data entered and analyzed in SPSS statistical software.ResultsThere were a total of 112 autologous AVF created during the study period. The mean age ofthe patients was 48.66±15.64 years. There were 75(67%) males and 37(33%) females. The mostcommon limb of fistula creation was left non-dominant upper limb 95(84.8%) and right upper limb17(15.2%). The most common type of AVF was radiocephalic fistula 66(58.9%) and brachiocephalicfistula 46(41.1%). There were 92(82.1%) mature fistula at eight weeks follow-up. These include54(48.2%) radiocephalic fistulas and 38(33.9%) brachiocephalic fistulas. There were 20(17.8%)delayed matured fistulas at 12 weeks (12 radiocephalic and 8 brachiocephalic AVF).ConclusionsThe creation of an autologous AVF for hemodialysis in the upper limb has fewer complications andthe maturation of the AVF depends on the vessel’s diameter. Radio-cephalic and BrachiocephalicAVF usually matures between six to eight weeks duration
S.T.O.N.E. Score in Prediction of Stone Clearance in PCNL
Authors: Raj K.c Sudeep , Timilsina Bhusan Raj , Kumar Kushwaha Dipesh , Giri Saroj
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Background
S.T.O.N.E. score has been considered as standard scoring system for prediction of complication and to state the clearance of the stone. The objective of this research is to find out STONE score in predicting percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) success in stone free rate.
Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted in the department of urology in College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital. Seventy five case of patient who underwent PCNL were included in the study and S.T.O.N.E. score was gathered like stone size, tract length (skin-to-stone distance), degree of obstruction (presence of hydronephrosis), number of involved calyces and stone essence (stone density). Collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS.
Results
Among the total of 75 patients 40% (with 95% CI as 28.91% to 51.08%) had  residual stone while remaining had no residual stone. 90.7% patients had 0-399 mm stone size,  97.3% had less than 100 mm tract length and likewise 29.3% had moderate to severe dilatation. Majority (68%) had 2-3 calyces involment and 72% had more than 950 HU stone density.
 Conclusion
S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry is highly predictive of stone free status in patients undergoing PCNL and provides a quick, easy-to-apply method for grading the complexity of PCNL
Soft breaking of the µ ↔ τ symmetry by S4 ⊗ Z2
Authors: García-Aguilar J. D. , Pozas Ramírez A. E. , Suárez Castañeda M. M. , Gómez-Izquierdo J. C.
Published: May 2023

The µ ↔ τ symmetry has been ruled out by its predictions on the reactor and atmospheric angles, nevertheless, a breaking of this symmetry might provide correct values. For that reason, we build a non-renormalizable lepton model where the mixings arise from the spontaneous breaking of the S4 ⊗ Z2 discrete group, subsequently the µ ↔ τ symmetry is broken in the effective neutrino mass matrix, that comes from the type II see-saw mechanism. As main result, the reactor and atmospheric angles are corrected and their values are in good agreement with the experimental data for the inverted hierarchy. Furthermore, we point out a link between the atmospheric angle and reactor one. In the quark sector, under certain assumptions, the generalized Fritzsch textures shape to the quark mass matrices so that the CKM matrix values are guaranteed.
Optical and structural properties of graphene oxide-incorporated polyvinylpyrrolidone/copper ternary nanocomposites (PVP/Cu/GO) films
Authors: Agobi Augustine , Ikeuba Alexander , Ekpunobi Azubike , IKhioya Imosobome Lucky , Udofia Kuffre Imoh , Ntibi Joseph Effiom-Edem , Ozoemena Chiaghanam Ndubuisi , Abua M. A.
Published: May 2023

Novel ternary nanocomposite films based on polyvinylpyrrolidone copper nanoparticles graphene oxide (PVP/Cu/GO) were prepared using electrochemical deposition technique on Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. This facile and effective approach has been proven to be very useful for the fabrication of inexpensive, high-performance electrochemical devices.  To achieve uniform deposition of the nanocomposite films, the three components of the nanocomposites were mixed under controlled conditions. The impact of different GO loading on the PVP/Cu/GO composites was measured using UV–visible spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, and four-point probe techniques to evaluate their optical, structural, morphological, compositional, and electrical properties, respectively. UV-visible analysis shows that the optical band gap (Eg) of the nanocomposite decreased from 3.51 to 2.02 eV with increasing GO loading. All of the nanocomposites showed UV absorbance of ≈450 nm. According to the XRD results, the GO materials were very well dispersed in the PVP/Cu/GO composites, while also revealing the crystalline nature of the nanocomposites. The SEM results revealed spherical-shaped grains of the deposited films, while the EDX results revealed the major elements deposited. Four-point probe analysis of the nanocomposites revealed slight increase in conductivity with low GO content, thus confirming the semiconducting properties of the nanocomposites with the GO content. The obtained results herein shows that the PVP/Cu/GO nanocomposites are successfully synthesized with attractive physiochemical properties suitable for the fabrication of organic electronic devices and photovoltaic devices.
Effect of transverse magnetic field on dose distributions of yttrium 90 skin patch source
Authors: Epik Hakan
Published: May 2023

The total dose absorbed on the tumor cell from the skin patch sources used in clinical superficial brachytherapy should be limited within the target tumor volume in order to minimize the potential side effects. Average range of the beta particles within tissue may exceed the thickness of a superficial skin tumor beyond the target tumor volume, causing side effects by damaging the deeper located healthy tissue and the bone underneath the tumor. It is desired to minimize the possible side effects by selecting a short-range radionuclide. Administering the treatment under an external magnetic field is another option for reducing side effects. To achieve this, in this study, the percentage deep dose (PDD) and transverse dose profile (TDP) distributions of the skin patch source labeled with Yttrium 90 (90Y) using the GEANT4-based GAMOS Monte Carlo code were examined before and after applying magnetic field, and it was evaluated  whether it was possible to limit the dose within a certain volume or not.

Simulation results showed that, along with the application of a transverse magnetic field, the dose values increased by 7.2% and 3.1% respectively at 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm depths whereas it decreased by 9.4%, 25.0%, 41.8% and 57.6%, at 2.0 mm, 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm and 5.0 mm depths respectively on the central axis from the surface of the tissue phantom with respect to the 0 T values of the field.  In case of a superficial skin tumor with a thickness of 3.0 mm from the skin surface, the amount of dose accumulated in the tumor volume for 0 T value of the transverse magnetic field was 89% of the total dose, while it increased to 98% at the intensity of 1.5 T, and the dose received by the healthy tissue under the tumor decreased by 10.1%.
Complex Fourier demodulation approach for the dual rotation polarizer-analyzer polarimeter
Authors: Cervantes-L. J. , Parra Escamilla G. A. , Flores Núñez J. L. , Serrano Garcia D. I.
Published: May 2023

In this research, we propose a demodulation algorithm for the dual rotation polarizer-analyzer polarimeter. The proposal retrieves the partial Mueller matrix from the complex coefficients, theoretically calculated from the Fourier transform of the output intensity. As calibration parameters, the initial orientations of the polarizer-analyzer are used. Experimental results for air and a rotating dichroic film polarizer show our proposal's feasibility.
Impact of AlN interlayer on the electronic and I-V characteristics of In0.17Al0.83N/GaN HEMTs devices
Authors: Douara Abdelmalek , Rabehi Abdelaziz , Baitiche Oussama
Published: May 2023

Here, we study a simulation model of In0.17Al0.83N/GaN passivated high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on SiC substrate. The research focused systematically on the effet of AlN interlayer on the electronic and electric characteristics using the Nextnano simulation software. The 2D–electron gas density of  In0.17Al0.83N/AlN/GaN HEMTs is investigated through the dependence on various AlN layer thickness, we report calculations of  I-V characteristics, with 1.5 nm AlN thickness, we find the highest maximum output current of 1.81 A/mm at Vgs  1 V, and more than 450 mS/mm as a transconductance peak. The Results are in agreement with experimental data.
Theoretical study of [111]-germanium nanowires as anode materials in rechargeable batteries: a density functional theory approach
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Ricardo , Morales-Vergara Pedro , Salazar Fernando , Miranda Alvaro , Trejo Alejandro , Hernández-Hernández Ivonne J. , Pérez Luis Antonio , Cruz-Irisson Miguel
Published: May 2023

In this work, we present a Density Functional Theory (DFT) study of hydrogen-passivated germanium nanowires grown along the [111] crystallographic direction. The study is performed within the local density approximation (LDA) and the supercell technique. Four different diameters of nanowires were considered and the surface hydrogen atoms were replaced by Li ones using a sequential process. The results indicate that the nanowires have a semiconductor behaviour and the energy band gap diminishes when the number of Li atoms per unit cell increases. The formation energy results reveal that the Li atoms increase the stability of the Ge nanowires, and there is a charge transfer from the Li atoms to the surface Ge atoms. The open circuit voltage values are almost independent of the concentration of Li atoms. On the other hand, the lithium storage capacity results reveal that the Ge nanowires could be good candidates to be incorporated as anodic materials in the new generation of rechargeable batteries.
Chief Statisticians as Second-to-Last Authors in Biomedical Papers
Authors: Gregosiewicz Adam , Kosmulski Marek
Published: May 2023

In biomedical papers resulting from the cooperation of a biomedical team and a statistical team, the leader of the statistical team is traditionally placed second-to-last in the authors’ list. In many papers, the leader of the statistical team designs, initiates, and supervises the project, so they play a key role in the production of a scientific publication. This key role is not reflected in systems of evaluation of scientific publications in which the second-to-last author receives equal or less credit than the other co-authors.
Fundamentals of Circuit Edit
Authors: Akerson David
Published: May 2023

This article provides an introduction to focused ion beam (FIB) circuit editing, covering the basic process along with best practices and procedures.
SISTEMAS DE RESOLUÇÃO ONLINE DE LITÍGIO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE FOMENTO AO ACESSO À JUSTIÇA
Authors: Lima Neto Antonio Oliveira , Amorim Fernando Sérgio Tenório de
Published: May 2023

O acesso à justiça é um princípio do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, devendo ser fomentado pelos Poderes da República. Com o avanço das novas tecnologias, esse princípio ganha novas faces, podendo ser exercido de maneira online e com auxílio de tecnologias disruptivas, não se limitando ao acesso ao Poder judiciário, principalmente em relação aos meios de resolução de disputa. Entretanto, para que os impactos das novas tecnologias agraciem os chamados online dispute resolution esses sistemas devem estar de acordo com a Constituição brasileira e não podem excluir nenhuma parcela da sociedade. Assim, no presente artigo, trataremos sobre alguns aspectos nascidos do impacto das novas tecnologias aos meios online de resolução de conflito. De maneira a analisar as barreiras e soluções que esse modelo de resolução de litígio pode influenciar e fomentar no acesso à justiça
HISTÓRIA DO DIREITO E SAÚDE E POPULAÇÃO NEGRA
Authors: Canto Vanessa Santos do
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho discute a partir da História do Direito e da Educação Antirracista estabelecida pela Lei n. 10.639/2003, a reescrita da história do direito à saúde, desde a perspectiva da população negra. Isto significa que investiga a constituição do campo da saúde da população negra desde a perspectiva pós-estruturalista de Michel Foucault (2005) e Gilles Deleuze (1992) em diálogo com autores como Fernanda Lopes (2004) e Jurema Werneck (s/d). O resumo resulta de tese de doutorado defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação do Departamento de Direito da PUC-Rio. A pesquisa realizou revisão bibliográfica e análise documental a partir das atas da Subcomissão dos Negros, Populações Indígenas Pessoas Deficientes e Minorias. Dessa forma, em um primeiro momento abordará os aspectos epistemológicos e, em um segundo momento adentrará na história do campo da saúde da população negra. O objetivo geral consiste na produção de pesquisa acerca da saúde da população negra no Direito, sobretudo, no campo da Teoria do Direito e da História Constitucional no Brasil.
A OBRIGATORIEDADE DO PASSAPORTE DE VACINA CONTRA A COVID-19
Authors: Piloto James Ricardo Ferreira , Coura Alexandre de Castro
Published: May 2023

O mundo convive com uma nova pandemia que trouxe o adoecimento e morte de milhões de pessoas. Até o momento, a melhor opção para conter a disseminação do coronavírus é a vacinação em massa da população, visando à imunidade coletiva. Entretanto, algumas pessoas se recusam a tomar a vacina, comprometendo não apenas sua segurança, mas também a de toda a coletividade. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo aborda o seguinte problema: o Estado pode exigir dos indivíduos a apresentação do passaporte de vacina contra a Covid-19 para acesso a ambientes coletivos? A hipótese consiste em afirmar que o Estado deve priorizar ações no sentido de preservar a saúde da coletividade e impor medidas para atingir tal objetivo. Dessa forma, o direito individual em face da preservação da saúde da coletividade pode sofrer algumas limitações. Os objetivos consistem em: (i) descrever o Direito como instrumento de pacificação social em face dos conflitos surgidos em torno da vacinação para conter a pandemia da Covid-19; (ii) identificar os dispositivos de proteção à saúde presentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro; e (iii) analisar a obrigatoriedade do passaporte de vacina contra a Covid-19 para acessar ambientes coletivos sob o prisma da integridade do Direito de Dworkin. O estudo se dará a partir do marco teórico de Ronald Dworkin. O método de pesquisa é o hipotético-dedutivo. O método de procedimento dar-se-á por meio de revisão de bibliográfica em textos, que abordam o tema, e conclui-se, sob a óptica da integridade do Direito, que poderá ser exigido o passaporte sanitário com o intuito de oferecer proteção coletiva e que o Estado, na sua função de promover a pacificação social, necessita regulamentar o passaporte sanitário como medida de contenção da disseminação da Covid-19.
The Implementation of Tumblr.Com in Teaching Writing
Authors: Sari Eka Puspita
Published: May 2023

COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 digitizes human activities. The educational field is one of the aspects that affected. The classroom activities that usually do with the teacher and students together in one room moves to the virtual class in which the teacher and the students are apart. The teachers are charged to be more creative to make an interactive class. There are various applications, educational purpose and non-educational purpose, that can be used in teaching and learning activities. Thus, this study aimed to know the students' perception of the use of learning online applications and the perception of Tumblr.com as social media to teach writing, specifically in teaching hortatory exposition text. This study uses a qualitative research design and an online survey that engaged 15 students of the English Education Department in the 4th Semester at Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa. The result of this study displayed students' improvement in writing and a positive attitude towards the use of Tumblr in the teaching and learning process. It leads to the conclusion that Tumblr can be used as an alternative solution to having interesting activities in online the teaching and learning process.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION ON LEARNING ENGLISH THROUGH STUDENT TEAMS-ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS METHOD
Authors: Kurniawan Despita
Published: May 2023

The objectives of the research were to identify and to what extent STAD method can improve students’ learning English motivation, and to describe strength and  weakness  of implementing STAD in this research. This research is a classroom action research. In collecting the data, the researcher used questionnaire, observation, interview and tests. The researcher conducted the tests and questionnaires before research (pre-test) and after implementing the method (post-test 1 and 2). The mean score of each test and questionnaire were compared to know the students improvements in motivation and reading skill. The research finding showed that the motivation of students improved in every cycle. The improvement of students’ motivation can be seen from the improvement of mean score of questionnaire (60. 72) before action, in cycle 1 62.03, and cycle 2 63.03. Besides, the reading skill of the students also improved. The improvement can be seen from the improvement of mean score of pre-test (59.75), post test of cycle 1 69.25, and post test of cycle 2 74.38. The researcher also found strength and weakness of this method.
The Analysis of the Characterization of the Pevensies in the Novel of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe
Authors: Yanti Made Vera
Published: May 2023

The writing of Clive Staples Lewis, especially his novel titled Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe had interesting characters. The characterization of the Pevensies strongly influenced the storyline of the novel. Therefore, the aim of this study was describing the characterization of the Pevensies in the novel The Chronicles of Narnia: the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. This research was a qualitative research with non-instrument. The research found that the characteristics of the Pevensies were different from another. This study was expected to give meaningful information for the reader about the characterization of the Pevensies in the Lewis’s writing.
AN ANALYSIS OF STRUGGLE OF LIFE IN “BETWEEN THE WORLD AND ME” NOVEL BY TA-NEHISI COATES
Authors: Larasati Anggun Inggrit , Triyogo Agus , Yulfi Yulfi
Published: May 2023

The aim of this research was to find out the struggle of life in Between The World And Me Novel by Ta-Nehisi Coates. The data was gotten from Between The World And Me Novel published in 2015. The problem of this study was what the struggle of life found in Between The World and Me novel? The primary data source was the novel and the secondary data sources were the books and the journals. A qualitative descriptive method was used in this study to classify and analyze sentences of struggle from the novel. The data in this research was collected by some steps 1) the researcher read the sentences in Between The World And Me Novel. 2) the researcher find out the words which contain struggle of life to get the data, The result of the study show that there are seven struggle in the novel 1) struggle to fight the bad things caused by racism 2) struggle to make blacks equal to whites 3) struggle to change the notion that black people 4) struggle for legal justice in America 5) struggle to seize his right to return 6) struggle to make black people safer in America 7) struggle to get black people not to be afraid to do anything.
ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCES TEXT RELATIONSHIP (ETR) METHOD IN THE JOURNAL ARTICLE
Authors: Erawati Lesi , Triyogo Agus , Yulfi Yulfi
Published: May 2023

Reading was an activity of seeing, observing a series of written symbols and understanding the information contained in a paragraph. Reading be important skill that must be mastery by students.  The aimed of the research were  to describe the students’ problem in learning Reading Comprehension and to describe Experiment-Text-Relationship (ETR) method  play a role in improving students' reading comprehension. This research designed in qualitative method that focused in library research. The subject in this research  was seven articles that published in the journals. In collecting the data, the writer reding research article in ETR and in analyzing the data, the writer identifying and classifiying. The results showed : students had less spirit in following the lesson and they confuse about understanding part of the reading skills. After used Experiment-Text-Relationship (ETR) method,  students’ score were increase ftom the post test data. It can be concluding that Experiment-Text-Relationship (ETR) method as solution in teaching reading comprehension.
Çikolata Teknolojisinde Temel Problem: Yağ Kusması
Authors: BURSA Kübra , METİN YİLDİRİM Rusen , TOKER Doç. Dr. Ömer Said , YAĞIZ Kürşat
Published: May 2023

Çikolata ürün çeşidine ve kullanım amacına bağlı olarak kakao kitlesi, kakao yağı, şeker, süt bazlı bileşenler (PST, süt tozu, süt yağı), çeşni maddeleri ve emülgatörlerin (PGPR, lesitin) ilavesi ile tekniğine uygun olarak hazırlanıp, kalıplanarak elde edilen bir gıda ürünüdür. Çikolata üretimi, ön karıştırma ve karıştırma, inceltme, konçlama, temperleme, kalıplama ve soğutma olmak üzere beş ana proses aşamasından meydana gelmektedir. Ürün formülasyonu kadar üretim aşamasındaki her bir proses basamağı da ürünün başta duyusal ve tekstürel özellikleri olmak üzere tüketici kabul düzeyini etkileyen kalite parametreleri üzerinde etkilidir. Çikolatanın üretimi sırasında ya da üretiminde veya depolama süreçleri sırasında yapılabilecek yanlış uygulamalar, çikolatanın hem duyusal hem de tekstürel özellikleri üzerinde olumsuz etkiler oluşturabilir. Buna bağlı olarak kalite problemleri oluşabilir. Çikolata üretim teknolojisinde en sık karşımıza çıkan kalite problemlerinin başında yağ kusması (Fat Bloom) gelmektedir. Yağ kusması, çikolatanın yapısında bulunan kakao yağı kristallerinin sıcaklık değişimine bağlı olarak ürün içerisinde eriyip, yağın çikolata yüzeyine doğru göç etmesi, yetersiz temperleme, uygun olmayan formülasyon, soğutma tüneli sıcaklığındaki uygunsuzluk ve depolama sürecindeki sıcaklık dalgalanmaları sonucu, çikolata yüzeyinde meydana gelen yağ kümeleşmesidir. Ürünün besinsel içeriğinde herhangi bir değişime sebep olmayan bu görüntü, ürünün duyusal ve diğer kalite özelliklerini etkileyerek tüketicinin satın alma kararını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu durum da çikolata endüstrisinde ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Raf ömrü süresince çikolatanın kalite özellikleri açısından stabilitesini muhafaza edebilmesi çikolata endüstrisi açısından çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada çikolata üretimi sırasında ve üretim sonrasında yağ kusmasına neden olan etmenler ve bunlarla ilgili önleyici yöntemler tartışılmıştır.
Son 10 Yılda Tasarlanan Serpentine Pavilyonlarının Biomimikri ve Parametrik Tasarım Açısından Biçimsel Analizi
Authors: ŞEKERCİ Ceyhun , BEŞKAYA Beytullah , TAŞTAN Zehra
Published: May 2023

Dijital tasarım alanında yaşanan gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan yazılımlar ve teknolojik araçlar, tasarım alanında yeni yaklaşımların ortaya çıkmasına olanak sağlamış ve var olan yaklaşımlarında uygulanabilirliği, denetlenebilirliği ve kontrol edilebilirliğini arttırmıştır. Bu yaklaşımlardan olan parametrik tasarım yaklaşımı ve biomimikri tasarım yaklaşımı son yıllarda birçok tasarım alanında teknolojinin araçlar sayesinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da son 10 yılda yapılan Serpentine pavilyonlarının bu iki yaklaşım üzerinden değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada Serpentine pavilyonlarından bahsedilmiş olup, her bir pavilyon biomimikri ve parametrik tasarım yaklaşımları tarafından analiz edilmiştir. Serpentine Pavilyonlarında da bu iki yaklaşımın kullanıldığına dair bulgulara rastlandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum sonraki yıllarda tasarlanacak Serpentine pavilyonlarında da devam edeceğinin öngürülmesi ile beraber, küçük ölçekli yapılarda bu iki yaklaşımın daha kontrol edilebilir, uygulanabilir ve dentelenebilir olduğu sonucuna da varılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışma da Serpentine pavilyonları özelinde tasarım alanında bu iki yaklaşım ayrı ayrı kullanılabileceği gibi birlikte de tasarıma etki edeceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
ANALISIS PROFIL LABORATORIUM KIMIA SEKOLAH DAN AKTIVITAS PRAKTIKUM KIMIA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI KABUPATEN LEBAK
Authors: Kisdiono Toyib Febri , Erwinsyah Erwinsyah , Virgana Virgana
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mendeskripsikan profil laboratorium kimia sekolah di SMAN Kabupaten Lebak (2) Mendeskripsikan profil aktivitas praktikum kimia di SMAN Kabupaten Lebak dan (3) Menganalisis hubungan profil laboratorium kimia dengan aktivitas praktikum kimia di SMAN Kabupaten Lebak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah SMAN di Kabupaten Lebak sebanyak 42 sekolah dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 6 sekolah dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah stratified random sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar ceklis observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan statistika deskriptif dan statistika inferensial. Uji hipotesis menggunakan uji korelasi rank spearmen dengan menggunakan SPSS for windows 24. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) Profil laboratorium kimia sekolah di SMAN Kabupaten Lebak tergolong kategori kurang memenuhi standar dengan persentase 39,8%, (2) Profil aktivitas praktikum kimia di SMAN Kabupaten Lebak tergolong kategori cukup memenuhi standar dengan persentase 48% (3) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  terdapat hubungan yang signifikan profil laboratorium kimia dengan aktivitas praktikum yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai sig. 0,008 < 0,05 dan koefisien korelasi bernilai positif sebesar  0,928 dengan kriteria sangat tinggi.
A Parallax Reality
Authors: Hansen Ira
Published: May 2023

Engaging with the US author Paul Auster's fiction, the article explores how the stories his characters tell, in order to survive traumatic experiences, move them across their urban landscapes. Focusing on Auster's Moon Palace (1989) and In the Country of Last Things (1987), the article shows how the mobility of the main characters’ stories opens a parallax view, which reveals the past as an integral part of the experience of the present moment and the negotiation of trauma.
From Commissionerate to Governor Province, the Role of Muslim League and Congress in the Political Reform Movement of NWFP in British India
Authors: Munazza  , Ahmad Zeeshan , Ullah Maghfoor
Published: May 2023

This article explains the role of the Muslim League and Congress in the struggle of the frontier people for the introduction of reforms in NWFP. The time span of the study i-e the era discussed in the article is mainly from 1901, when the Commissioner Province of NWFP was established, to 1931 when it was granted the status of Governor Province. The article discusses the general outlook of the province, the attitude of colonial masters, the political awakening of the people, the struggle of the Muslim League and Congress in demanding introduction of reforms for the province and finally the proceedings of the Round Table Conferences. The conclusion of the article is that the British agreed to the introduction of reforms because the Indian Political leaders and masses were unanimous in their demand for reforms in NWFP.
Role of International Organizations for Protection of Muslims Rights in India
Authors: Shahid Muneeba , Rehman Saif Ur , Ashfaq Kashif
Published: May 2023

The role of international Human rights organizations is discussed in this research. United Nations should play its role independently without the pressure of a developed state. Being a Secular and democratic state it is essential for the state to protect all individual but in the tenure of the current ruling party Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) massive violations of human rights has been occurred. Basic rights to all individuals' should be granted to all individuals. Minority rights should be respected by the administration and strict actions should be taken on the violation of human rights.
The Great Game of 19th Century: The Significance of Tribal Belt as Buffer to the Buffer State of Afghanistan
Authors: Afridi Abida Azeem
Published: May 2023

The Great Game of 19th century between the Imperial British and Czarist Russia encapsulated the geo-political tactics and strategies of expansion which paved the way for their intense rivalry and competition in Central Asia. Great Game was power politics to gain influence, authority and ascendancy in the region. It was a game having rules and boundaries for the worthy players (Ahmad, 2017). The geo-strategic location of Afghanistan and Tribal Belt made them pawns on the geo-political chessboard of the Great Game. Afghanistan’s location was vital for carving out a buffer state, moreover it was considered more pragmatic to declare the adjacent Tribal Belt a buffer to the buffer. The Great Game revolved around moving one’s pawns on the chessboard with acumen. Afghanistan being the buffer state and the Tribal Belt as buffer to the buffer were used to avoid escalation and to move the pawns on the chessboard whenever expedient.
Employability of a Research Method and Methodology in a Socio-Legal Study
Authors: Fatima Samza
Published: May 2023

Research methods and methodology are inherent in research whether it is in the form of a research paper, a dissertation or a book. This paper enables readers to choose how to select a particular research method, methodology, and research approach or research philosophy for a respective study. For this purpose, a presumptive study or hypothesis has been chosen as an example to employ research methods and methodology. For instance, the aim of a study is to investigate the corporate governance framework of Pakistan, to develop a board effectiveness model and to explore the role of institutional investors in order to make the execution of the code of corporate governance true sense. This paper presents the epistemological grounds of this study and the rationale for a qualitative exploratory study using an interpretative and descriptive approach to the enforcement mechanisms of corporate governance, the role and effectiveness of the board of directors and the part of institutional investors in the corporate sector of Pakistan. Furthermore, it provides details of the data collection and data analysis methods used for the said study, establishes the trustworthiness of the study and justifies the ethical considerations involved in the study. This paper would be a meaningful contribution to this existing knowledge, as the reader of this paper will be able to understand how to opt for a suitable methodology for a study.
Insights into Significant Contribution by Local Government toward Community Development in the Bahawalpur Division
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Ullah Ikram , Akhtar Muhammad
Published: May 2023

This research investigates the role of local government institutions in promoting community development in Bahawalpur division from 2001 to 2018. The provision of municipal amenities is crucial for community growth, and local governments are expected to play a significant role in enhancing social, political, and cultural development. However, financial constraints, lack of education, community participation, and infrastructural development hinder their effective functioning. The study used statistical sampling techniques and analyzed the data using regression, and correlation analysis. The results show a positive trend in the contribution of local government towards community development, with a significant positive relation between the local government budget, community participation, education level, and infrastructure development. The study suggests that local governments should prioritize allocating sufficient budgets for community development programs and encourage community engagement in decision-making processes. Overall, the study highlights the significance of local government institutions in promoting community development in Bahawalpur division.
Sredstva za zaštitu bilja 2023.
Authors: Lipovski Andrea
Published: May 2023

Sredstva za zaštitu bilja 2023. sadrži pregled sredstava za zaštitu bilja dozvoljenih za uporabu u Republici Hrvatskoj u 2023. godini. Sva sredstva koja se stavljaju u promet u Republici Hrvatskoj moraju biti registrirana pri nadležnoj upravi Ministarstva poljoprivrede. Informacije o sredstvima za zaštitu bilja mogu se pronaći i na web stranicama Ministarstva poljoprivrede (FIS Web Portal). Sredstva su podijeljena prema namjeni u najznačajnije skupine: herbicidi, fungicidi i zoocidi. Svaka skupina sadrži pregled sredstava prema aktivnim tvarima. O svakom sredstvu navedeni su slijedeći podaci: trgovački naziv, formulacija, količina djelatne tvari, proizvođač i distributer, te koncentracija ili doza za suzbijanje uz popis štetočina i kultura za koje sredstvo ima dozvolu za primjenu. Također, navedene su i karence za kulture u kojima je primjena dozvoljena. Broj primjena naveden je za svaku kulturu pojedinačno, npr. krumpir (3), što označava tri primjene na krumpiru u jednoj vegetacijskoj sezoni. Zbog brojnih izmjena te dopuna rješenja i registracija, sredstva za zaštitu bilja se smiju koristiti isključivo prema uputama za uporabu koje se nalaze na ambalaži proizvoda. Svaka primjena sredstava za zaštitu bilja na bilo koji drugi način od navedenog u uputi za korištenje i na etiketi obavlja se isključivo na vlastitu odgovornost.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Gaire Sandesh , Shrestha Mandira , Bhattarai Chaitanya Darshan , Dhungana Susajjan , Gyawali Surakshya , Bajgain Arun
Published: May 2023

Thrombotic microangiopathy is a pathological condition comprised of microvascular thrombosis involving any body organ leading to thrombocytopenia, coombs-negative hemolytic anemia, and end-organ damage. The clinical presentation of the case shows typical hemolytic uremic syndrome, however, lab reports show atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (low C3). Pain abdomen and loose stool with some signs of dehydration were initial presentations. Early initiation of renal replacement therapy and management of dehydration was done. Simple diarrhea can also manifest as acute kidney injury with the hemolytic uremic syndrome. Hence we should keep hemolytic uremic syndrome as the differential diagnosis of diarrhea. Irrespective of lab parameters, early management in line with the typical hemolytic uremic syndrome should be done for better outcomes.
Depression among People Living With HIV/AIDS Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shah Sunil Kumar , Sinha Richa , Bhurtel Srijana , Kandel Gobinda
Published: May 2023

Introduction: HIV affects mental health in multiple ways, including its direct pathophysiological effects, associated stigma, impacts on social, and economic dimensions, medications used for long durations and multiple secondary physical health issues that affect the clients and comorbid substance use. In the post-COVID era, in our socio-cultural and geographical context, depression among these populations needs assessment to evaluate their mental health care needs. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of depression among people living with HIV/AIDS undergoing antiretroviral therapy at a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care centre from December 2021 to November 2022 after taking ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 078/79-006) from the same institute. Convenience sampling method was used. Clients 18 years and above under antiretroviral therapy were included and those acutely medically ill were excluded. The PHQ-9 was used as a self-administered, valid, screening tool for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 183 participants, the prevalence of depression was 19 (10.4%) (5.98-14.82, 95% Confidence Interval).
Conclusions: Depression was found higher among people living with HIV/AIDS as compared to the other studies done in similar settings. Assessment and timely management of depression could be an important step in improving lives and the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS intervention efforts, ultimately improving access to mental health care and universal health coverage.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Diabetic Patients Admitted in the Department of Medicine of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Karki Lochan , Khadka Milan , Oli Milan Purna , Joti Santosh , Tamrakar Rama , Adhikari Siddhant , Khatri Suman , K C Poonam
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the most severe acute complications of diabetes mellitus characterised by hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis can decrease severity, hospital stay, and possible mortality. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetic patients admitted to the department of medicine of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre. Data from 1 March 2022 to 1 December 2022 were collected between 1 January 2023 and 1 February 2023 from the hospital records. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the same institute (Reference number: 466/2079/80). All the diabetic patients admitted to the Department of Medicine during our study duration were enrolled for the study. Diabetic patients who left against medical advice and those with incomplete data were excluded from the study. Data were collected from the medical record section. Convenience sampling method was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 200 diabetic patients, the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 7 (3.5%) (3.47-3.53, 95% Confidence Interval) among which 1 (14.29%) patients had type I diabetes mellitus and 6 (85.71%) had type II diabetes mellitus patients and the mean HbA1C level was 9.77%.
Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetes mellitus patients admitted to the department of medicine of a tertiary care centre was found to be higher than in other studies done in similar settings.
Peripartum Hysterectomy among Patients Admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lama Sushma , Todi Sushila , Shrestha Reena , Acharya Swikrity
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Emergency peripartum hysterectomy is a life-saving procedure performed as an emergency procedure to control torrential bleeding and it is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality. There are only a few studies regarding this topic so this study guides us to monitor the trend and start appropriate policies to reduce unnecessary caesarean deliveries. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy among patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the tertiary care centre. Data from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022 were collected between 25 January 2023 and 28 February 2023 from the hospital records. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of the same institute (Reference number: 2301241700). Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 54,045 deliveries, peripartum hysterectomy was seen in 40 (0.074%) (0.05-0.10, 95% Confidence Interval). The major indication of emergency peripartum hysterectomy was abnormal placentation (placenta accreta spectrum) which was 25 (62.50%) followed by uterine atony in 13 (32.50%) of patients and uterine rupture in 2 (5%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy was lower than in other studies done in similar settings. The indication for Emergency peripartum hysterectomy has changed in recent years from uterine atonicity to the morbidly adherent placenta which is due to a rise in the caesarean section rate.