bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filamentary structures of ionized gas in Cygnus X
Authors: Emig K. L. , White G. J. , Salas P. , Karim R. L. , van Weeren R. J. , Teuben P. J. , Zavagno A. , Chiu P. , Haverkorn M. , Oonk J. B. R. , Orrú E. , Polderman I. M. , Reich W. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Tielens A. G. G. M.
Published: June 2022

Context.Ionized gas probes the influence of massive stars on their environment. The Cygnus X region (d~ 1.5 kpc) is one of the most massive star-forming complexes in our Galaxy, within which the Cyg OB2 association (age of 3–5 Myr and stellar mass 2 × 104M⊙) has a dominant influence.

Aims.We observe the Cygnus X region at 148 MHz using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and take short-spacing information into account during image deconvolution into account. Together with data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey, we investigate the morphology, distribution, and physical conditions of low-density ionized gas in a 4° × 4° (~100 pc × 100 pc) region at a resolution of 2′ (0.9 pc).

Methods.The Galactic radio emission in the region analyzed is almost entirely thermal (free-free) at 148 MHz, with emission measures (EM) of 103< EM [pc cm−6] < 106. As filamentary structure is a prominent feature of the emission, we use DisPerSE and Fil ChaP to identify filamentary ridges and characterize their radial (EM) profiles.

Results.The distribution of radial profiles has a characteristic width of 4.3 pc and a power-law distribution (β= −1.8 ± 0.1) in peak EM down to our completeness limit of 4200 pc cm−6. The electron densities of the filamentary structure range between 10 ≲ne[cm−3] ≲ 400 with a median value of 35 cm−3, remarkably similar to [N II] surveys of ionized gas.

Conclusions.Cyg OB2 may ionize at most two-thirds of the total ionized gas and the ionized gas in filaments. More than half of the filamentary structures are likely photoevaporating surfaces flowing into a surrounding diffuse (~5 cm−3) medium. However, this is likely not the case for all ionized gas ridges. A characteristic width in the distribution of ionized gas indicates that the stellar winds of Cyg OB2 create a fraction of the ionized filaments through swept-up ionized gas or dissipated turbulence.
An optimization method for material sound absorption performance based on surrogate model
Authors: Song Hao , Su Lin , Yan Xiaowei , Liu Jinshi
Published: June 2022

In some complex engineering design problems, the use of numerical simulation methods to solve the target value often consumes several hours or even longer, which limits the real-time response to the model. The surrogate model can solve the above-mentioned shortcomings because of its use of statistical ideas to link the design variables with the target value. Kriging model has been widely used in other fields due to its simple algorithm compilation and good stability of calculation results, but there is little research in the field of silencing structure optimization. In order to study the optimization efficiency and optimization effect of the surrogate model in the optimization design of the anechoic structure, combined with the surrogate model and the multi-point plus point criterion, a set of general optimization algorithm framework suitable for the surrogate model and the gradient-enhanced Kriging model (GEK) was developed. Based on this framework, the evolution of the sound absorption coefficient of the anechoic structure under three different working conditions (100–10 000 Hz, 100–1500 Hz, 100–10 000 Hz frequency under static pressure) was compared. The gradient enhancement Kriging model and the gradient optimization algorithm were compared and studied. The results show that under the assumption that the gradient of the objective function and the objective function have the same amount of calculation, the optimization times obtained by the Kriging model with gradient enhancement are better than those obtained by the Kriging model and the gradient optimization algorithm in most cases, and the optimization results of GEK and Kriging models are better than those of gradient optimization.
Towards a simplified and generalized monaural and binaural auditory model for psychoacoustics and speech intelligibility
Authors: Biberger Thomas , Ewert Stephan D.
Published: June 2022

Auditory perception involves cues in the monaural auditory pathways, as well as binaural cues based on interaural differences. So far, auditory models have often focused on either monaural or binaural experiments in isolation. Although binaural models typically build upon stages of (existing) monaural models, only a few attempts have been made to extend a monaural model by a binaural stage using a unified decision stage for monaural and binaural cues. A typical prototype of binaural processing has been the classical equalization-cancelation mechanism, which either involves signal-adaptive delays and provides a single channel output, or can be implemented with tapped delays providing a high-dimensional multichannel output. This contribution extends the (monaural) generalized envelope power spectrum model by a non-adaptive binaural stage with only a few, fixed output channels. The binaural stage resembles features of physiologically motivated hemispheric binaural processing, as simplified signal-processing stages, yielding a 5-channel monaural and binaural matrix feature “decoder” (BMFD). The back end of the existing monaural model is applied to the BMFD output and calculates short-time envelope power and power features. The resulting model accounts for several published psychoacoustic and speech-intelligibility experiments and achieves a prediction performance comparable to existing state-of-the-art models with more complex binaural processing.
Simulation on the effect of cylinder liner and piston ring surface roughness on friction performance
Authors: Liu Na , Wang Chengnuo , Xia Qun , Gao Yuanyuan , Liu Peng
Published: June 2022

Considering the surface roughness of piston ring and cylinder liner and deformation of cylinder liner, the friction dynamics calculation model of cylinder liner-piston ring friction pair was established. The effects of top ring, other piston rings and cylinder liner surface roughness on friction performance were analyzed by grouping comparison and Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The calculation results show that when the surface roughness of the piston ring increases, the friction of the asperity increases slightly, the friction of the fluid decreases, and the total friction loss decreases. When the surface roughness of the cylinder liner increases, the friction of the asperity decreases slightly, the friction of the fluid increases, and the total friction loss increases.
Evaluation of fatigue performance of resistance convex welds based on ultrasonic C-scan image analysis
Authors: Wang Suhuan , Xu Huiyan , Zhao Yanqiang , Wang Kuaiying , Gu Xiaopeng , Dong Juan
Published: June 2022

Ultrasonic C-scan detection is adopted in this study to compare the connection status of resistance convex weld (RCW) before, during and after fatigue test. Based on the variation of ultrasonic echoes in different connection zones, the connection state can be observed on ultrasonic C-scan images. With the occurrence of fatigue destructive behavior, ultrasonic C-scan image changes, and so does the pixel distribution. The histogram of pixel grayscale distribution can quantitatively evaluate the fatigue limit of stainless steel RCW joint, which provides an effective method to judge the fatigue life in practical engineering application.
Der plötzliche Säuglingstod – Aufgaben des Notarztes
Authors: Sperhake Jan
Published: June 2022

Im Notarztdienst treten ganz unvermeidlich Situationen auf, die sehr belastend für die professionellen Helfer sind. Ganz zweifellos gehört dazu der plötzliche Tod eines Säuglings. Der
Notarzt ist als einer der ersten Helfer – in der Regel noch vor der Polizei – am Ort des Geschehens. Die Wahrnehmungen, die der Notarzt vor Ort macht, können einen ganz wesentlichen Einfluss
auf die (rechts-)medizinische und polizeiliche Aufklärung des Todesfalles haben.
Study on Outcome Analysis of Transforaminal Interbody Fusion with Transpedicular Screws and Rods in Lumbar Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis
Authors: Mahantshetti Prakash , Soraganvi Prasad , Raju Rayadurg Palegar Raghavendra
Published: June 2022

Introduction The management of spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis is primarily conservative or surgical. There are various surgical procedures available for spondylolisthesis.

Objective To evaluate the functional outcome and efficacy in patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with transpedicular screws and rods in symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis.

Methods From 2017 to 2018, a prospective observational study was performed in a tertiary care hospital. The preoperative evaluation was performed both clinically and radiologically. Based on indications, transforaminal interbody fusion was performed. A total sample of 20 patients was included. The primary outcome variables were the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), slip percentage, and disc height at follow-up. For the statistical analysis, coGuide (BDSS CORP, Bangalore, Karnataka, India) was used.

Results In 20 participants studied, the mean age was 48.25 ± 5.35 years old. Degenerative spondylolisthesis was seen in 60% of the participants. The majority (70%) of the patients had grade 2 slips. The mean difference of the VAS, the ODI, slip percentage, and disc height between the preoperative and postoperative periods was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The majority (70%) of the patients had no complications after the procedure.

Conclusions Transforaminal interbody fusion with pedicle screws and rods is a safe, simple procedure and has less morbidity. This procedure also provides better functional outcomes and reduction in symptoms by maintaining the disc height and providing sagittal balance.
The Level of Knowledge of Dental Profession Students of Universitas Airlangga on Leukoplakia as an Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder: An Observational Analytic Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dewi Rosalyn Surya , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Winias Saka , Radithia Desiana , Zain Rosnah binti , Ahmada Rafdan Affan , Nola Anggrarista Kelvin Alfan , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro
Published: June 2022

Introduction Some oral cancers are preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), clinically and histologically characterized by epithelial dysplasia. Leukoplakia is one of the OPMDs which clinically categorized into homogenous and nonhomogenous. Nonhomogeneous leukoplakia has a higher potential for malignant change. Therefore, dentists are required to recognize leukoplakia early during an oral (visual) examination, and this competency must be one of the requirements before graduation.

Objective This study aimed to understand the level of knowledge of the dental undergraduate students about leukoplakia as an OPMD.

Methods This research was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional design. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey conducted using Google Forms. The total score was divided into high (9–12), medium (5–8), and low (0–4). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 using comparative analysis Mann–Whitney techniques test.

Results A total of 180 dental profession students completed the questionnaire. Of these, 74 (41.40%) respondents were 22 years old, and 146 (81.10%) respondents were female. A high level of knowledge was achieved by 130 (72.20%) respondents, with each revealing 68 respondents from the 2019 batch and 62 from the 2018 batch, 49 (27.20%) respondents with a medium level of knowledge with 26 from the 2018 batch and 23 from the 2019 batch, and 1 respondent (0.60%) from the 2019 batch with a low level of knowledge. The results showed a p-value of 0.211.

Conclusion There is no significant difference between the levels of knowledge of dental profession students in Universitas Airlangga batches 2018 and 2019 with regard to leukoplakia as an OPMD.
Design and development of an automated experimental setup for ion transport measurements
Authors: Yadav Sharad Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Ramaprabhu Sundara , Nandigana Vishal V. R. , Nayak Pramoda K.
Published: June 2022

The ion transport measurements using various ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) face several challenges, including controllability, reproducibility, reliability, and accuracy. This is due to the manual filling of the solutions in two different reservoirs in a typical diffusion cell experiment with a random flow rate, which results in the diffusion through the IEM even before turning on the data acquisition system as reported so far. Here, we report the design and development of an automated experimental setup for ion transport measurements using IEMs. The experimental setup has been calibrated and validated by performing ion transport measurements using a standard nanoporous polycarbonate membrane. We hope that the present work will provide a standard tool for realizing reliable ion transport measurements using ion-exchange membranes and can be extended to study other membranes of various pore densities, shapes, and sizes.
JOREK3D: An extension of the JOREK nonlinear MHD code to stellarators
Authors: Nikulsin N. , Ramasamy R. , Hoelzl M. , Hindenlang F. , Strumberger E. , Lackner K. , Günter S. ,   JOREK Team
Published: June 2022

Although the basic concept of a stellarator was known since the early days of fusion research, advances in computational technology have enabled the modeling of increasingly complicated devices, leading up to the construction of Wendelstein 7-X, which has recently shown promising results. This recent success has revived interest in the nonlinear 3D MHD modeling of stellarators in order to better understand their performance and operational limits. This study reports on the extension of the JOREK code to 3D geometries and on the first stellarator simulations carried out with it. The first simple simulations shown here address the classic Wendelstein 7-A stellarator using a reduced MHD model previously derived by us. The results demonstrate that stable full MHD equilibria are preserved in the reduced model: the flux surfaces do not move throughout the simulation and closely match the flux surfaces of the full MHD equilibrium. Furthermore, both tearing and ballooning modes were simulated, and the linear growth rates measured in JOREK are in reasonable agreement with the growth rates from the CASTOR3D linear MHD code.
Pressure-induced phase transitions in weak interlayer coupling CdPS3
Authors: Niu Mengmeng , Cheng Haowei , Li Xianglin , Yu Jia , Yang Xiaowei , Gao Yuqin , Liu Ruigang , Cao Yang , He Kaiyue , Xie Xiaoji , Shen Qian , Lu Min , Wang Lin , Yin Tingting , Yan Jiaxu
Published: June 2022

Metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPX3: M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Mn; X = S or Se) represent a family of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with an exceptional response to high pressure and a remarkable structural flexibility originating from the weak interlayer coupling. Despite their interest for applications, the knowledge about pressure-driven phase transitions of cadmium compounds is still limited. In this paper, we fill this gap and provide an accurate description of the structural evolution of CdPS3 by combining high-pressure experiments and first-principle calculations. We have performed high-throughput screening of the low-energy stacking configurations and found a phase evolution starting with C2/m space group at 12 GPa using the generalized evolutionary metadynamics method. Then, high-pressure experiments have been used to reveal a structural transition from phase-I (C2/m) to phase-II (R3¯) to phase-III (R3¯), which is marked by the appearance and vanishing of the Raman band at approximately 30–250 cm−1 in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. Our study paves the way to the understanding of pressure-induced phase transitions in weak interlayer coupling 2D CdPS3 materials.
Hemodynamic flow characteristics at stenosed artery: Numerical analysis of three-dimensional patient-specific aortic–cerebral vasculature exposed to progressive carotid stenosis
Authors: Kang Taehak , Mukherjee Debanjan , Ryu Jaiyoung
Published: June 2022

Progression of carotid stenosis (CS) significantly reduces blood flow in the affected arteries and alters both proximal and distal hemodynamics. While conventional studies consider only the stenosis region for analysis, an extended larger arterial domain of aortic–cerebral vasculature is used to avoid artificial modeling of the inlet condition to the carotid region and facilitate automatic flow redistribution during CS progression. The fluid domain was constructed and simulated using an open-source package SimVascular, and three patient models with five stenosis cases each were created using medical images. Newtonian, incompressible, and rigid-wall conditions were assumed because of the high computational burden, and boundary conditions of the lumped Windkessel and pulsatile flow rate were implemented for the outlets and inlet, respectively. We present a novel index called circulation core fraction (CCF) to quantify and visualize the stenosis-driven hemodynamics; the CCF is developed from the benchmark backward-facing step problem and compares the representative recirculation to the total volume. Thus, CCF in the post-stenotic region increases during CS progression regardless of patient-specific features whereas that in the pre-stenotic region exhibits patient-specific nature despite the incremental tendency. Streamlines with custom sources show a helical vortex with recirculation and artery-wise flow streams that vary during CS progression. We also report transitional patterns in both the pulsatility index (PI) contours and Q-criterion, where the PI values shift from high–low–high to high–low–low across the stenosis, and the latter is nearly absent at 0% and 95% but mostly present at 50% and 75% CS.
Mosquito saliva enhances virus infection through sialokinin-dependent vascular leakage
Authors: Lefteri Daniella A. , Bryden Steven R. , Pingen Marieke , Terry Sandra , McCafferty Ailish , Beswick Emily F. , Georgiev Georgi , Van der Laan Marleen , Mastrullo Valeria , Campagnolo Paola , Waterhouse Robert M. , Varjak Margus , Merits Andres , Fragkoudis Rennos , Griffin Stephen , Shams Kave , Pondeville Emilie , McKimmie Clive S.
Published: June 2022

Viruses transmitted by
Aedes
mosquitoes are an increasingly important global cause of disease. Defining common determinants of host susceptibility to this large group of heterogenous pathogens is key for informing the rational design of panviral medicines. Infection of the vertebrate host with these viruses is enhanced by mosquito saliva, a complex mixture of salivary-gland-derived factors and microbiota. We show that the enhancement of infection by saliva was dependent on vascular function and was independent of most antisaliva immune responses, including salivary microbiota. Instead, the
Aedes
gene product sialokinin mediated the enhancement of virus infection through a rapid reduction in endothelial barrier integrity. Sialokinin is unique within the insect world as having a vertebrate-like tachykinin sequence and is absent from
Anopheles mosquitoes
, which are incompetent for most arthropod-borne viruses, whose saliva was not proviral and did not induce similar vascular permeability. Therapeutic strategies targeting sialokinin have the potential to limit disease severity following infection with
Aedes
-mosquito-borne viruses.
Nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics of multicomponent interfaces
Authors: Rauscher Phillip M. , Öttinger Hans Christian , de Pablo Juan J.
Published: June 2022

Nonequilibrium interfacial thermodynamics has important implications for crucial biological, physical, and industrial-scale transport processes. Here, we discuss a theory of local equilibrium for multiphase multicomponent interfaces that builds upon the “sharp” interface concept first introduced by Gibbs, allowing for a description of nonequilibrium interfacial processes such as those arising in evaporation, condensation, adsorption, etc. By requiring that the thermodynamics be insensitive to the precise location of the dividing surface, one can identify conditions for local equilibrium and develop methods for measuring the values of intensive variables at the interface. We then use extensive, high-precision nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to verify the theory and establish the validity of the local equilibrium hypothesis. In particular, we demonstrate that equilibrium equations of state are also valid out of equilibrium, and can be used to determine interfacial temperature and chemical potential(s) that are consistent with nonequilibrium generalizations of the Clapeyron and Gibbs adsorption equations. We also show, for example, that, far from equilibrium, temperature or chemical potential differences need not be uniform across an interface and may instead exhibit pronounced discontinuities. However, even in these circumstances, we demonstrate that the local equilibrium hypothesis and its implications remain valid. These results provide a thermodynamic foundation and computational tools for studying or revisiting a wide variety of interfacial transport phenomena.
Intratumoral injection of schwannoma with attenuated
Salmonella typhimurium
induces antitumor immunity and controls tumor growth
Authors: Ahmed Sherif G. , Oliva Giulia , Shao Manlin , Wang Xinhui , Mekalanos John J. , Brenner Gary J.
Published: June 2022

Schwannomas are slow-growing benign neoplasms that develop throughout the body causing pain, sensory/motor dysfunction, and death. Because bacterial immunotherapy has been used in the treatment of some malignant neoplasms, we evaluated attenuated
Salmonella typhimurium
strains as immunotherapies for benign murine schwannomas. Several bacterial strains were tested, including VNP20009, a highly attenuated strain that was previously shown to be safe in human subjects with advanced malignant neoplasms, and a VNP20009 mutant that was altered in motility and other properties that included adherence and invasion of cultured mammalian cells. VNP20009 controlled tumor growth in two murine schwannoma models and induced changes in cytokine and immune effector cell profiles that were consistent with induction of enhanced innate and adaptive host immune responses compared with controls. Intratumoral (i.t.) injection of
S. typhimurium
led to tumor cell apoptosis, decreased tumor angiogenesis, and lower growth of the injected schwannoma tumors. Invasive VNP20009 was significantly more efficacious than was a noninvasive derivative in controlling the growth of injected tumors. Bacterial treatment apparently induced systemic antitumor immunity in that the growth of rechallenge schwannomas implanted following primary bacterial treatment was also reduced. Checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade induced by systemic administration of anti–PD-1 antibodies controlled tumor growth to the same degree as i.t. injection of
S. typhimurium
, and together, these two therapies had an additive effect on suppressing schwannoma growth. These experiments represent validation of a bacterial therapy for a benign neoplasm and support development of
S. typhimurium
VNP20009, potentially in combination with PD-1 inhibition, as a schwannoma immunotherapy.
SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 impairs cilia by enhancing CUL2ZYG11B activity
Authors: Wang Liying , Liu Chao , Yang Bo , Zhang Haotian , Jiao Jian , Zhang Ruidan , Liu Shujun , Xiao Sai , Chen Yinghong , Liu Bo , Ma Yanjie , Duan Xuefeng , Guo Yueshuai , Guo Mengmeng , Wu Bingbing , Wang Xiangdong , Huang Xingxu , Yang Haitao , Gui Yaoting , Fang Min , Zhang Luo , Duo Shuguang , Guo Xuejiang , Li Wei
Published: June 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal pathogen of the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Loss of smell and taste are symptoms of COVID-19, and may be related to cilia dysfunction. Here, we found that the SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 increases the overall E3 ligase activity of the CUL2ZYG11B complex by interacting with ZYG11B. Enhanced CUL2ZYG11B activity by ORF10 causes increased ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of an intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B protein, IFT46, thereby impairing both cilia biogenesis and maintenance. Further, we show that exposure of the respiratory tract of hACE2 mice to SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 alone results in cilia-dysfunction-related phenotypes, and the ORF10 expression in primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) also caused a rapid loss of the ciliary layer. Our study demonstrates how SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 hijacks CUL2ZYG11B to eliminate IFT46 and leads to cilia dysfunction, thereby offering a powerful etiopathological explanation for how SARS-CoV-2 causes multiple cilia-dysfunction-related symptoms specific to COVID-19.
Vitamin B12 coordinates ileal epithelial cell and microbiota functions to resist Salmonella infection in mice
Authors: Ge Yong , Zadeh Mojgan , Mohamadzadeh Mansour
Published: June 2022

Deprivation of vitamin B12 (VB12) is linked to various diseases, but the underlying mechanisms in disease progression are poorly understood. Using multiomic approaches, we elucidated the responses of ileal epithelial cells (iECs) and gut microbiome to VB12 dietary restriction. Here, VB12 deficiency impaired the transcriptional and metabolic programming of iECs and reduced epithelial mitochondrial respiration and carnitine shuttling during intestinal Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) infection. Fecal microbial and untargeted metabolomic profiling identified marked changes related to VB12 deficiency, including reductions of metabolites potentially activating mitochondrial β-oxidation in iECs and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Depletion of SCFA-producing microbes by streptomycin treatment decreased the VB12-dependent STm protection. Moreover, compromised mitochondrial function of iECs correlated with declined cell capability to utilize oxygen, leading to uncontrolled oxygen-dependent STm expansion in VB12-deficient mice. Our findings uncovered previously unrecognized mechanisms through which VB12 coordinates ileal epithelial mitochondrial homeostasis and gut microbiota to regulate epithelial oxygenation, resulting in the control of aerobic STm infection.
From α1s splicing to γ1 function: A new twist in subunit modulation of the skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channel
Authors: Melzer Werner
Published: June 2022

Melzer discusses a recent JGP study showing that alternative splicing of the skeletal muscle L-type calcium channel impacts on a modulatory effect of its γ subunit.
Comparison of lasing characteristics of GaN microdisks with different structures
Authors: Zi Hui , Fu Wai Yuen , Cheung Yuk Fai , Damilano Benjamin , Frayssinet Eric , Alloing Blandine , Duboz Jean-Yves , Boucaud Philippe , Semond Fabrice , Choi Hoi Wai
Published: June 2022

The lasing characteristics of optically-pumped GaN microdisks of different configurations, including microdisks with undercuts, microdisks with cladding layers and thin-film microdisks are investigated in this paper. The microdisks, fabricated from a range of epitaxial structures containing blue-light emitting InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells grown on Si, sapphire or GaN substrates, undergo different processes to form 8 µm diameter whispering-gallery mode microdisks with different degrees of optical confinement. The microdisks have lasing thresholds ranging from 2.1–8.3 mJ cm−2 and quality factors of 1400–4200. The lasing characteristics are correlated to the material qualities, optical confinement as well as the overlap of the mode with the multi-quantum wells in the microdisk structures. The undercut microdisks benefit from high optical confinement factors but poor overlap factor, while the thin film structures have high overlap factors but low confinement due to absorption by the metallic bonding layers. The findings provide useful insight on ways to optimize GaN microdisk for improving lasing performances.
Enhanced electronic and optical properties of multi-layer arsenic via strain engineering
Authors: Bai Lingling , Gao Yifan , Hu Peiju , Zhang Runqing , Wen Minru , Zhang Xin , Wu Fugen , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Dong Huafeng , Zhang Gang
Published: June 2022

Solar cell is a kind of devices for renewable and environmentally friendly energy conversion. One of the important things for solar cells is conversion efficiency. While much attention has been drawn to improving efficiency, the role of strain engineering in two-dimensional materials is not yet well-understood. Here, we propose a Pmc21-As monolayer that can be used as a solar cell absorbing material. The bandgap of single-layer Pmc21-As can be tuned from 1.83 to 0 eV by applying tensile strain, while keeping the direct bandgap characteristic. Moreover, it has high light absorption efficiency in the visible and near-infrared regions, which demonstrates a great advantage for improving the conversion efficiency of solar cells. Based on the tunable electronic and optical properties, a novel design strategy for solar cells with a wide absorption range and high absorption efficiency is suggested. Our results not only have direct implication in strain effect on two-dimensional materials, but also give a possible concept for improving the solar cell performance.
Remarks on sparseness and regularity of Navier–Stokes solutions
Authors: Albritton Dallas , Bradshaw Zachary
Published: June 2022

The goal of this paper is twofold. First, we give a simple proof that sufficiently sparse Navier–Stokes solutions do not develop singularities. This provides an alternative to the approach of (Grujić 2013 Nonlinearity
26 289–96), which is based on analyticity and the ‘harmonic measure maximum principle’. Second, we analyse the claims in (Bradshaw et al 2019 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
231 1983–2005; Grujić and Xu 2019 arXiv:1911.00974) that a priori estimates on the sparseness of the vorticity and higher velocity derivatives reduce the ‘scaling gap’ in the regularity problem.
Non relativistic and ultra relativistic limits in 2D stochastic nonlinear damped Klein–Gordon equation
Authors: Fukuizumi Reika , Hoshino Masato , Inui Takahisa
Published: June 2022

We study the non relativistic and ultra relativistic limits in the two-dimensional nonlinear damped Klein–Gordon equation driven by a space-time white noise on the torus. In order to take the limits, it is crucial to clarify the parameter dependence in the estimates of solution. In this paper we present two methods to confirm this parameter dependence. One is the classical, simple energy method. Another is the method via Strichartz estimates.
Stratified Boussinesq equations with a velocity damping term
Authors: Kim Junha , Lee Jihoon
Published: June 2022

We consider an initial value problem of the multi-dimensional Boussinesq equations with velocity damping for strongly stratified fluids. We prove the global-in-time existence of the classical solution to the stratified damped Boussinesq equations with initial data near the stationary stratified solution

(

v

s

,

ρ

s

,

p

s

)

=

(

0
,
…
,
0
,

x

d

,

x

d

2

/
2

)

. We also show the asymptotic stability of the solutions near the stratified solution and obtain the temporal decay for the fluid velocity and the temperature by providing estimates for the Green function associated with the linear operator in any dimension.
Bi-Hamiltonian structure of Sutherland models coupled to two

u(n)*

-valued spins from Poisson reduction
Authors: Fehér L
Published: June 2022

We introduce a bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy on the cotangent bundle of the real Lie group

GL

(

n
,
C

)

, and study its Poisson reduction with respect to the action of the product group U(n) × U(n) arising from left- and right-multiplications. One of the pertinent Poisson structures is the canonical one, while the other is suitably transferred from the real Heisenberg double of

GL

(

n
,
C

)

. When taking the quotient of

T

*

GL

(

n
,
C

)

we focus on the dense open subset of

GL

(

n
,
C

)

whose elements have pairwise distinct singular values. We develop a convenient description of the Poisson algebras of the U(n) × U(n) invariant functions, and show that one of the Hamiltonians of the reduced bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy yields a hyperbolic Sutherland model coupled to two

u

(

n

)

*

-valued spins. Thus we obtain a new bi-Hamiltonian interpretation of this model, which represents a special case of Sutherland models coupled to two spins obtained earlier from reductions of cotangent bundles of reductive Lie groups equipped with their canonical Poisson structure. Upon setting one of the spins to zero, we recover the bi-Hamiltonian structure of the standard hyperbolic spin Sutherland model that was derived recently by a different method.
Hausdorff dimension of thin higher-dimensional solenoidal attractors
Authors: Bortolotti Ricardo , da Silva Eberson Ferreira
Published: June 2022

In this work we study the Hausdorff dimension of hyperbolic attractors that are given by skew-products. We prove that if the contraction is sufficiently strong, the weak-contraction is conformal and the attractor satisfies a geometric condition of transversality between its components, then the Hausdorff dimension and the box-counting dimension of the attractor satisfy Bowen’s formula. We also prove that for any attractor whose contraction is sufficiently strong, there exist dynamics C

r
-close such that the Hausdorff dimension and the box-counting dimension of the attractor have the same value given by Bowen’s formula.
Role of vaccination, the release of competitor snails, chlorination of water, and treatment controls on the transmission of bovine schistosomiasis disease: a mathematical study
Authors: Vellappandi M , Kumar Pushpendra , Govindaraj V
Published: June 2022

In this study, we derive an optimal control problem for schistosomiasis disease by using Caputo fractional derivative. In the formulation of the proposed control problem, we use the concept of Pontryagin’s minimum principle and the Hamiltonian. To minimize the infected bovine population, we use vaccination, the release of competitor snails, chlorination of water, and treatment controls. The forward-backward sweep method is used to derive the numerical solution of the proposed problem. The parameter values based on real data are used to plot a number of figures. The objective of this paper is to explore the possibilities of controlling the spread of schistosomiasis disease. The presence of the Caputo fractional operator includes the memory in the model which is the main motivation behind the proposed fractional-order generalization.
Symmetry solutions at γ
0 = π/6 for nuclei transition between γ
0 = 0 and γ
0 = π/3 via a variational procedure
Authors: Ajulo K R , Oyewumi K J
Published: June 2022

A Bohr Hamiltonian model suitable for triaxial shapes is found via inverse square potentials in the

β

part and the solutions of the

γ

part are obtained via a harmonic oscillator, centered around

π
/
6
.

The symmetry solutions from a triaxial vibrator to a rigid triaxial rotator are achieved through variational procedure. The solutions of some selected

Z

(
5
)

symmetry candidates are fitted and compared with the available experimental data.
Consistent Burgers equation expansion method and its applications to high- dimensional Burgers-type equations
Authors: Wang Gangwei , Li Li , Kara A H
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a novel method, named the consistent Burgers equation expansion (CBEE) method, is proposed to solve nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) by the celebrated Burgers equation. NLEEs are said to be CBEE solvable if they are satisfied by the CBEE method. In order to verify the effectiveness of the CBEE method, we take (2+1)-dimensional Burgers equation as an example. From the (1+1)-dimensional Burgers equation, many new explicit solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Burgers equation are derived. The obtained results illustrate that this method can be effectively extended to other NLEEs.
Localization of long-term synaptic plasticity defects in cerebellar circuits using optokinetic reflex learning profile
Authors: Solouki Saeed , Mehrabi Farzad , Mirzaii-Dizgah Iraj
Published: June 2022

Objective. Functional maps of the central nervous system attribute the coordination and control of many body movements directly or indirectly to the cerebellum. Despite this general picture, there is little information on the function of cerebellar neural components at the circuit level. The presence of multiple synaptic junctions and the synergistic action of different types of plasticity make it virtually difficult to determine the distinct contribution of cerebellar neural processes to behavioral manifestations. In this study, investigating the effect of long-term synaptic changes on cerebellar motor learning, we intend to provide quantitative criteria for localizing defects in the major forms of synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum. Approach. To this end, we develop a firing rate model of the cerebellar circuits to simulate learning of optokinetic reflex (OKR), one of the most well-known cerebellar-dependent motor tasks. In the following, by comparing the simulated OKR learning profile for normal and pathosynaptic conditions, we extract the learning features affected by long-term plasticity disorders. Next, conducting simulation with different massed (continuous with no rest) and spaced (interleaved with rest periods) learning paradigms, we estimate the detrimental impact of plasticity defects at corticonuclear synapses on short- and long-term motor memory. Main results. Our computational approach predicts a correlation between location and grade of the defect with some learning factors such as the rate of formation and retention of motor memory, baseline performance, and even cerebellar motor reserve capacity. Further, spacing analysis reveal the dependence of learning paradigm efficiency on the spatiotemporal characteristic of defect in the network. Indeed, defects in cortical memory formation and nuclear memory consolidation mainly harm massed and spaced learning, respectively. This result is used to design a differential assay for identifying the faulty phases of cerebellar learning. Significance. The proposed computational framework can help develop neural-screening systems and prepare meso-scale functional maps of the cerebellar circuits.
A chaotic lattice field theory in one dimension*
Authors: Liang H , Cvitanović P
Published: June 2022

Motivated by Gutzwiller’s semiclassical quantization, in which unstable periodic orbits of low-dimensional deterministic dynamics serve as a WKB ‘skeleton’ for chaotic quantum mechanics, we construct the corresponding deterministic skeleton for infinite-dimensional lattice-discretized scalar field theories. In the field-theoretical formulation, there is no evolution in time, and there is no ‘Lyapunov horizon’; there is only an enumeration of lattice states that contribute to the theory’s partition sum, each a global spatiotemporal solution of system’s deterministic Euler–Lagrange equations. The reformulation aligns ‘chaos theory’ with the standard solid state, field theory, and statistical mechanics. In a spatiotemporal, crystallographer formulation, the time-periodic orbits of dynamical systems theory are replaced by periodic d-dimensional Bravais cell tilings of spacetime, each weighted by the inverse of its instability, its Hill determinant. Hyperbolic shadowing of large cells by smaller ones ensures that the predictions of the theory are dominated by the smallest Bravais cells. The form of the partition function of a given field theory is determined by the group of its spatiotemporal symmetries, that is, by the space group of its lattice discretization, best studied on its reciprocal lattice. Already one-dimensional lattice discretization is of sufficient interest to be the focus of this paper. In particular, from a spatiotemporal field theory perspective, ‘time’-reversal is a purely crystallographic notion, a reflection point group, leading to a novel, symmetry quotienting perspective of time-reversible theories and associated topological zeta functions.
Optimization of ductile iron casting production based on numerical simulation
Authors: Socha L , Gryc K , Sviželová J , Chmiel M , Brathová M , Filipek S
Published: June 2022

The research involved numerical simulations in MAGMASOFT® focused on optimising the casting process and solidification of a cast piece type intended for the shipping industry. The paper presents the results of the numerical simulations together with a proposal of changes in the production technology aimed at increasing the casting quality. No serious deficiencies of the proposed technology were found based on the simulation results. However, as regards optimisation of the filling process, it was recommended to adjust the gates shape to prevent metal splashing. It is recommended to optimise filling of the castings in order to achieve a structure free of internal defects, and also to slightly modify the shape in order to eliminate the risk of porosity and cracking.
Experimental observation of the transport induced by ion Bernstein waves near the separatrix of magnetic nulls
Authors: HE Renchuan , YANG Xiaoyi , XIAO Chijie , WANG Xiaogang , XU Tianchao , GUO Zhibin , GE Yue , YU Xiuming , ZHANG Zuyu , KE Rui , YUAN Ruixin
Published: June 2022

The waves in a magnetic null could play important roles during 3D magnetic reconnection. Some preliminary clues in this paper show that the ion Bernstein wave (IBW) may be closely related to transport process in magnetic null region. The magnetic null configuration experiment reported here is set up in a linear helicon plasma device, Peking University plasma test device (PPT). The wave modes with frequencies between the first and third harmonics of local ion cyclotron frequency (

ω

ci

) are observed in the separatrix of magnetic null, which are identified as the IBW based on the dispersion relation. Further analysis shows that IBW could drive substantial particle flux across the magnetic separatrix. The theoretical radial particle flux driven by IBW and the measured parallel flow in PPT device are almost on the same order, which shows that IBW may play an important role during 3D reconnection process.
Convolution of beta prime distribution
Authors: Ferreira Rui , Simon Thomas
Published: June 2022

We establish some identities in law for the convolution of a beta prime distribution with itself, involving the square root of beta distributions. The proof of these identities relies on transformations on generalized hypergeometric series obtained via Appell series of the first kind and Thomae’s relationships for

3

F
2

(
1
)

{}_3F_2(1)

. Using a self-decomposability argument, the identities are applied to derive complete monotonicity properties for quotients of confluent hypergeometric functions having a doubling character. By means of probability, we also obtain a simple proof of Turán’s inequality for the parabolic cylinder function and the confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind. The case of Mill’s ratio is discussed in detail.
Elementary planes in the Apollonian orbifold
Authors: Zhang Yongquan
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we study the topological behavior of elementary planes in the Apollonian orbifoldMAM_A, whose limit set is the classical Apollonian gasket. The existence of these elementary planes leads to the following failure of equidistribution: there exists a sequence of closed geodesic planes inMAM_Alimiting only on a finite union of closed geodesic planes. This contrasts with other acylindrical hyperbolic 3-manifolds analyzed by Benoist and Oh [Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 42 (2002), pp. 514–553], McMullen, Mohammadi, and Oh [Invent. Math. 209 (2017), pp. 425–461] and McMullen, Mohammadi, and Oh [Duke Math. J. 171 (2022), pp. 1029–1060].

On the other hand, we show that certain rigidity still holds: the area of an elementary plane inMAM_Ais uniformly bounded above, and the union of all elementary planes is closed. This is achieved by obtaining a complete list of elementary planes inMAM_A, indexed by their intersection with the convex core boundary. The key idea is to recover information on a closed geodesic plane inMAM_Afrom its boundary data; requiring the plane to be elementary in turn puts restrictions on these data.
Transcriptome sequencing and signal transduction for the enhanced tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots induced by Trichoderma atroviride D16 polysaccharide fraction
Authors: Wu Si-Jia , Xie Xing-Guang , Feng Kun-Miao , Zhai Xin , Ming Qian-Liang , Qin Lu-Ping , Rahman Khalid , Zhang Zhen-Zhen , Han Ting
Published: June 2022

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. is commonly used to treat vascular diseases because of its activity ingredients, phenolic acids, and tanshinones. Polysaccharide fraction (PSF) extracted from Trichoderma atroviride D16 could promote tanshinone accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted to describe the global gene expression of PSF-treatment hairy roots, and data analyses showed enzymes of tanshinone biosynthetic pathways were up-regulated, and genes associated to signal molecules and transcription factors were responsive. Endogenous H2O2, abscisic acid, and nitric oxide contents were measured after PSF treatment, while tanshinone accumulations were measured with treatment of exogenous H2O2 or H2O2 inhibitor on PSF-treatment S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The results showed H2O2 was important in tanshinone biosynthesis caused by PSF and nitric oxide might be the downstream molecules of H2O2. Taken together, the study indicates that D16 PSF enhances the accumulation of tanshinones through enzymes of tanshinone biosynthetic pathways, signal molecules, and transcription factors.
Looking at the BiG picture: incorporating bipartite graphs in drug response prediction
Authors: Hostallero David Earl , Li Yihui , Emad Amin
Published: June 2022

Motivation

The increasing number of publicly available databases containing drugs’ chemical structures, their response in cell lines, and molecular profiles of the cell lines has garnered attention to the problem of drug response prediction. However, many existing methods do not fully leverage the information that is shared among cell lines and drugs with similar structure. As such, drug similarities in terms of cell line responses and chemical structures could prove to be useful in forming drug representations to improve drug response prediction accuracy.

Results

We present two deep learning approaches, BiG-DRP and BiG-DRP+, for drug response prediction. Our models take advantage of the drugs’ chemical structure and the underlying relationships of drugs and cell lines through a bipartite graph and a heterogeneous graph convolutional network that incorporate sensitive and resistant cell line information in forming drug representations. Evaluation of our methods and other state-of-the-art models in different scenarios shows that incorporating this bipartite graph significantly improves the prediction performance. In addition, genes that contribute significantly to the performance of our models also point to important biological processes and signaling pathways. Analysis of predicted drug response of patients’ tumors using our model revealed important associations between mutations and drug sensitivity, illustrating the utility of our model in pharmacogenomics studies.

Availability and implementation

An implementation of the algorithms in Python is provided in https://github.com/ddhostallero/BiG-DRP.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.