bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-species alignment along the chronological axis reveals evolutionary effect on structural development of the human brain
Authors: Li Yue , Sun Qinyao , Zhu Shunli , Chu Congying , Wang Jiaojian
Published: December 2024

Disentangling the evolution mysteries of the human brain has always been an imperative endeavor in neuroscience. Although many previous comparative studies revealed genetic, brain structural and connectivity distinctness between human and other nonhuman primates, the brain evolutional mechanism is still largely unclear. Here, we proposed to embed the brain anatomy of human and macaque in the developmental chronological axis to construct cross-species predictive model to quantitatively characterize brain evolution using two large public human and macaque datasets. We observed that applying the trained models within-species could well predict the chronological age. Interestingly, we found the model trained in macaque showed a higher accuracy in predicting the chronological age of human than the model trained in human in predicting the chronological age of macaque. The cross-application of the trained model introduced an individual brain cross-species age gap index to quantify the cross-species discrepancy along the temporal axis of brain development and was found to be associated with the behavioral performance in visual acuity test and picture vocabulary test in human. Taken together, our study situated the cross-species brain development along the chronological axis, which highlighted the disproportionately anatomical development in human brain to extend our understanding of the potential evolutionary effects.
Endogenous oligomer formation underlies DVL2 condensates and promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Ntourmas Senem , Sachs Martin , Paclíková Petra , Brückner Martina , Bryja Vítězslav , Behrens Jürgen , Bernkopf Dominic B
Published: December 2024

Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway crucially depends on the polymerization of dishevelled 2 (DVL2) into biomolecular condensates. However, given the low affinity of known DVL2 self-interaction sites and its low cellular concentration, it is unclear how polymers can form. Here, we detect oligomeric DVL2 complexes at endogenous protein levels in human cell lines, using a biochemical ultracentrifugation assay. We identify a low-complexity region (LCR4) in the C-terminus whose deletion and fusion decreased and increased the complexes, respectively. Notably, LCR4-induced complexes correlated with the formation of microscopically visible multimeric condensates. Adjacent to LCR4, we mapped a conserved domain (CD2) promoting condensates only. Molecularly, LCR4 and CD2 mediated DVL2 self-interaction via aggregating residues and phenylalanine stickers, respectively. Point mutations inactivating these interaction sites impaired Wnt pathway activation by DVL2. Our study discovers DVL2 complexes with functional importance for Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, we provide evidence that DVL2 condensates form in two steps by pre-oligomerization via high-affinity interaction sites, such as LCR4, and subsequent condensation via low-affinity interaction sites, such as CD2.
Polarised moonlight guides nocturnal bull ants home
Authors: Freas Cody A , Narenda Ajay , Murray Trevor , Cheng Ken
Published: December 2024

For the first time in any animal, we show that nocturnal bull ants use the exceedingly dim polarisation pattern produced by the moon for overnight navigation. The sun or moon can provide directional information via their position; however, they can often be obstructed by clouds, canopy, or the horizon. Despite being hidden, these bodies can still provide compass information through the polarised light pattern they produce/reflect. Sunlight produces polarised light patterns across the overhead sky as it enters the atmosphere, and solar polarised light is a well-known compass cue for navigating animals. Moonlight produces an analogous pattern, albeit a million times dimmer than sunlight. Here, we show evidence that polarised moonlight forms part of the celestial compass of navigating nocturnal ants. Nocturnal bull ants leave their nest at twilight and rely heavily on the overhead solar polarisation pattern to navigate. Yet many foragers return home overnight when the sun cannot guide them. We demonstrate that these bull ants use polarised moonlight to navigate home during the night, by rotating the overhead polarisation pattern above homing ants, who alter their headings in response. Furthermore, these ants can detect this cue throughout the lunar month, even under crescent moons, when polarised light levels are at their lowest. Finally, we show the long-term incorporation of this moonlight pattern into the ants’ path integration system throughout the night for homing, as polarised sunlight is incorporated throughout the day.
Accuracy of augmented reality navigated surgery for placement of zygomatic implants: a human cadaver study
Authors: Tabernée Heijtmeijer Sander , Glas Haye , Janssen Nard , Vosselman Nathalie , de Visscher Sebastiaan , Spijkervet Fred , Raghoebar Gerry , de Bree Remco , Rosenberg Antoine , Witjes Max , Kraeima Joep
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Placement of zygomatic implants in the most optimal prosthetic position is considered challenging due to limited bone mass of the zygoma, limited visibility, length of the drilling path and proximity to critical anatomical structures. Augmented reality (AR) navigation can eliminate some of the disadvantages of surgical guides and conventional surgical navigation, while potentially improving accuracy. In this human cadaver study, we evaluated a developed AR navigation approach for placement of zygomatic implants after total maxillectomy.

Methods

The developed AR navigation interface connects a commercial navigation system with the Microsoft HoloLens. AR navigated surgery was performed to place 20 zygomatic implants using five human cadaver skulls after total maxillectomy. To determine accuracy, postoperative scans were virtually matched with preoperative three-dimensional virtual surgical planning, and distances in mm from entry-exit points and angular deviations were calculated as outcome measures. Results were compared with a previously conducted study in which zygomatic implants were positioned with 3D printed surgical guides.

Results

The mean entry point deviation was 2.43 ± 1.33 mm and a 3D angle deviation of 5.80 ± 4.12° (range 1.39–19.16°). The mean exit point deviation was 3.28 mm (±2.17). The abutment height deviation was on average 2.20 ± 1.35 mm. The accuracy of the abutment in the occlusal plane was 4.13 ± 2.53 mm. Surgical guides perform significantly better for the entry-point (P = 0.012) and 3D angle (P = 0.05); however, there is no significant difference in accuracy for the exit-point (P = 0.143) when using 3D printed drill guides or AR navigated surgery.

Conclusion

Despite the higher precision of surgical guides, AR navigation demonstrated acceptable accuracy, with potential for improvement and specialized applications. The study highlights the feasibility of AR navigation for zygomatic implant placement, offering an alternative to conventional methods.
Evaluation of the effect of a communication skills course on medical students’ attitude towards patient-centered care: a prospective study
Authors: Mohamed Khalid Gaffer , Almarabheh Amer , Almughamsi Asim Mukhideer , Atwa Hany , Shehata Mohamed Hany
Published: December 2024

Background

This study aims to examine whether a communication skills course (Early Clinical Exposure–ECE) might support shaping medical students’ attitudes towards patient-centered care at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. Attitudes were measured before and after the course using the Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), which assesses students’ orientation towards patient-centeredness.

Methods

This prospective observational study collected data at two points: the start of year two and the start of year four from the same cohort. The PPOS, divided into the sharing subscale (physician shares information, power, and control with the patient) and the caring subscale (physician considers the patient’s emotions, preferences, and expectations), was used to evaluate students’ attitudes. Mean scores were calculated, and independent sample t-tests were employed to assess statistical significance.

Results

Of the students targeted, 153 participated at year two (response rate = 93.5%) and 143 at year four (response rate = 89.5%). Significant progress was observed in the sharing subscale, with scores increasing from 3.23 ± 0.53 to 3.40 ± 0.60 (p = 0.015). However, the caring subscale exhibited a significant decline, with scores dropping from 4.06 ± 0.53 to 3.76 ± 0.68 (p < 0.001). As a result, there was no significant overall change in the total PPOS score (p = 0.282). Female students showed more progress in the sharing subscale than males.

Conclusions

The communication skills course might have had a positive impact on students’ attitudes towards sharing information in decision-making with patients, but notably, the medical students’ caring attitudes declined. This indicates a need for further emphasis on patient-centered communication, especially on the caring aspects, in the medical curriculum.
Genetic diversity of the Khorat snail-eating turtle (Malayemys khoratensis) in Thailand
Authors: Chaianunporn Thotsapol , Mokarat Monthakarn , Ruangsakunporn Apichaya , Walalite Tanapipat , Kutanan Wibhu , Lomthaisong Khemika , Chaianunporn Kanokporn , Keithmaleesatti Sarun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Malayemys khoratensis is a freshwater turtle species endemic to northeastern Thailand and Lao PDR. While M. khoratensis is relatively common and widespread in Thailand, its population size and demographic trends remain largely unknown, as direct population estimates are lacking. This species faces significant threats from consumption, exploitation, and trade. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic trends of M. khoratensis in northeastern Thailand, using two mitochondrial DNA genes, Cyt b and ND4.

Method

We grouped the turtles based on three major river basins in northeastern Thailand: Mun, Chi, and Northeast Mekong to assess population structure and test the isolation-by-basin hypothesis. The Cyt b and ND4 genes of 49 M. khoratensis individuals across 15 provinces in Thailand were sequenced, and 15 sequences from a previous study of Ihlow et al. (2016) were included into the analyses. We constructed a haplotype network from the concatenated sequences and analyzed the population structure with the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Additionally, we used a Bayesian Skyline plot (BSP) analysis to estimate the effective female population size and explore the demographic history of this species.

Results

Our analysis identified 13 unique haplotypes defined by 26 polymorphic sites from 64 samples. The total haplotype diversity for M. khoratensis was 0.819, while nucleotide diversity was 0.0031. The haplotype network and AMOVA revealed no distinct population structure among the river basins, suggesting gene flow across these regions. The BSP estimated a stable effective female population size of approximately 130,000 individuals since around 100,000 years ago (late Pleistocene).

Conclusion

Our findings indicated no significant population structure by river basin, which may be due to natural movement between basins or potential human-mediated translocations linked to the turtle trade. The demographic trend of M. khoratensis appears to have been stable over time. However, given the ongoing exploitation of this species, we recommend regular monitoring of population trends to support its long-term survival.
A single-center retrospective study of ectopic lymphoid tissues in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: clinical pathological characteristics and prognostic value
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Siyu , Zheng Haiying , Rao Siyi , Lin Yuanyuan , Wan Jianxin , Chen Yi
Published: December 2024

Background

In recent years, ectopic lymphoid tissue (ELT) has been increasingly confirmed as a new biomarker for kidney injury or inflammation. However, there is insufficient research on the relationship between ELT grading and the progression of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).

Methods

A total of 147 patients with biopsy-proven IMN in our institution from March 2020 to June 2022 were classified into five grades based on the different distribution of lymphocyte subsets in renal tissue (G0: no B cells or T cells, G1: scattered B and T cells, G2: clustered B and T cells, G3: an aggregation region of B and T cells without a central network, G4: highly organized and formed zones of B and T cells with a central network of follicular dendritic cells and scattered macrophages), and were further divided into low-grade group (G0+G1), intermediate-grade group (G2) and high-grade group (G3+G4). The clinicopathological data, induction treatment response and prognosis among the three groups were analyzed and compared retrospectively.

Results

As the grading of ectopic lymphoid tissues increased, patients were older, with a higher prevalence of hypertension, a higher 24-h urinary protein level, lower baseline hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels, and more severe renal pathological damage. Logistic regression analysis showed that after 6 months of induction treatment, patients in the high-grade group were more likely to be in non-remission than those in the low-grade group (odds ratios [ORs] of the three adjusted models were 4.310, 4.239, and 5.088, respectively, P-values were 0.005, 0.006, and 0.001, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that patients in the intermediate- and high-grade groups had significantly lower renal cumulative survival rate than those in the low-grade group (P = 0.025). Univariate Cox analysis showed that the risk of adverse renal outcome was 3.662 times higher in the intermediate- and high-grade groups than in the low-grade group (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.078–12.435]; P = 0.037). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that failure of remission at the first 6 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.769; 95% CI [1.854–17.950]; P = 0.002) remained an independent risk factor for poor renal outcome in patients with IMN.

Conclusions

Grading of renal ectopic lymphoid tissues correlates with disease activity and severity in IMN patients and can be used as an indicator to assess the risk of IMN progression.
Imaginarios para la valorización de un paisaje cultural ribereño: ruta
perceptual productiva en el borde fluvial de Quenuir
Authors:   , Jerez Contreras María Ignacia
Published: December 2024

El río Maullín puede ser considerado como uno de los territorios con mayor
carga cultural, histórica y ecosistémica dentro de la región de Los Lagos. Su
desembocadura en forma de estuario, caracterizado por el dinamismo y por los
diferentes componentes de sus aguas, ha permitido a lo largo de su historia el
desarrollo de diferentes asentamientos en su borde ribereño, siendo este espacio
fluvial un medio de transporte, frontera y fuente para diferentes actividades y
procesos culturales y ecológicos a partir de los servicios ecosistémicos que
entrega este territorio. La localidad rural de Quenuir se sitúa dentro de este
contexto, asentándose en la ribera norte de la desembocadura y conformándose
como un pueblo de ríos, humedales y el mar del océano pacífico. Por su condición
de ruralidad y de subsistencia, Quenuir se constituye como un paisaje cultural
cuya riqueza de valores ecosistémicos, escénicos y productivos recae en el hecho
de ser un territorio modelado por el dinamismo mareal. El carácter de su
paisaje, que se ha mantenido a pesar de su historia cambiante, se ve hoy en día
expuesto a una posible pérdida de identidad y tradición local ante la
insuficiente regulación y valorización factible de sus atributos paisajísticos,
como lo son las prácticas productivas de pesca y recolección artesanal, así como
también su patrimonio de humedales que es parte del Santuario de la naturaleza
del río Maullín. Ante esto, surge la oportunidad de poder reconocer y proteger
aquellos fenómenos naturales y prácticas productivas que hacen de este paisaje
cultural algo único y valioso dentro de la desembocadura. Esta investigación
teórica y proyectual pretende revelar a través de la experiencia de paisaje
estos procesos, utilizando la ruta como herramienta para conformar imaginarios
paisajísticos que logren valorizar y resguardar esta cultura fluvial y
productiva. La ruta perceptual y productiva como proyecto de arquitectura del
paisaje permite establecer los parámetros atingentes a las lógicas del
territorio para recorrer, conservar e interactuar con este paisaje que merece
ser reconocido, preservando tradiciones y símbolos que refuerzan su identidad
local.
Las metáforas de los medios de prensa digital sobre la protesta social en
Chile: un estudio crítico del discurso desde una óptica conceptual y valorativa
Authors:   , Vásquez Bustos Víctor Patricio
Published: December 2024

Desde principios del siglo XXI, diferentes periodos de protesta han tomado
lugar en Chile. Más recientemente, destaca el denominado “estallido” de
2019-2020, que es considerado como el mayor alzamiento popular desde el retorno
a la democracia en el país (Somma, 2021). Durante este contexto de protesta
nacional, los manifestantes impugnaron el rol social de los medios
tradicionales, acusándolos de sesgados, de desprestigiar el movimiento social y
de alinearse con los intereses de las élites (Luna et al., 2021;
Humeres-Riquelme et al., 2024). De manera similar, un cuerpo de estudios muestra
que los medios hegemónicos se han orientado a socavar la legitimidad de las
protestas chilenas (Cabello et al., 2018; Cárdenas y Pérez, 2017; Saavedra,
2023).De este modo, la presente tesis doctoral indaga en la representación de la
prensa online sobre las protestas chilenas durante el lapso 2019-2021. Nos
centramos en la metáfora, dado que se establece como un recurso que permite
revelar comprensiones, evaluaciones e ideologías en el discurso
(Simon-Vandenbergen, 2003; Charteris-Black, 2004). Así, se establecen como
objetivos de investigación: (a) examinar de qué manera son representadas
metafóricamente las protestas sociales en Chile por los medios de prensa digital
del país durante el periodo comprendido entre el 18 de octubre de 2019 y el 31
de octubre 2021 desde una óptica conceptual y valorativa; y, (b) determinar los
posicionamientos ideológicos que sustentan las representaciones metafóricas
sobre las protestas sociales.La presente investigación corresponde a un estudio
crítico del discurso (Fairclough y Wodak, 2000; Hart y Cap, 2014) con base tanto
en la Teoría de la Metáfora Conceptual (Lakoff y Johnson, 2015 [1980]) como en
el modelo de valoración (Martin y White, 2005). En cuanto a la metodología, se
analiza un corpus de 175 textos mediáticos a través de un método inspirado en
Charteris-Black (2004) e Imani (2022). También, se conduce un examen
cualitativo-manual de 14 textos del corpus según la propuesta de Fuoli (2018).
Como resultado, se establecen cinco conceptualizaciones metafóricas
preponderantes, que representan a las protestas chilenas como una explosión, un
espacio, un enfrentamiento, una luz o marca y una fuerza. Estas comprensiones
comunican notoriamente posicionamientos ideológicos negativos sobre las
manifestaciones sociales, enfatizando su desestabilización social y su eventual
correlación con situaciones violentas, delictivas o trágicas. Se concluye que
las representaciones anteriores responden a una práctica periodística que
deslegitima la movilización social denominado paradigma de la protesta (Chan y
Lee, 2019 [1984]; Lee, 2014).
Depression, hopelessness, and coping strategies in partially penectomized patients for Penile Cancer
Authors: Sousa Alex da Silva , Oliveira Jena Hanay Araújo de , Reis Maria de Jesus Dutra dos
Published: December 2024

Penile cancer is a rare neoplasm in developed countries; however, it is more common in the male population of developing countries and has serious psychosocial repercussions. In Brazil, penile cancer represents 3% of all types of cancer in males. The objective of this article is to investigate the occurrence of emotional states of depression and hopelessness and identify the main coping strategies in men undergoing penectomy. The study design is descriptive and correlational. For data collection, field research was carried out and the results obtained were analyzed within a quantitative approach. The instruments used were: sociodemographic questionnaires, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI). The final sample consisted of twenty-one men, all partially penectomized for penile cancer. The study found that most emotional states of depression and hopelessness experienced by individuals were at minimal levels (BDI 48% and BHS 43%). The coping strategies that presented the highest means were positive reappraisal (M = 2.18 and SD = 0.30), distancing (M = 2.17 and SD = 0.37) and social support (M = 2.09 and SD = 0.46). No significant statistical correlations were found between the types of coping strategies and symptoms of depression and hopelessness (grouped by intensity), access to psychological assistance and the time elapsed since surgery. The findings confirm the complexity of the subjects' coping process, intensely focused on emotional regulation, and suggest the manifestation of important protective factors of mental health in the context of penectomy.
Monitoramento de danos e pragas em plantas de eucalipto: avaliação e controle para a produtividade sustentável
Authors: Farias Franzone de Jesus , Amorim Jamile Santos , Santos Dalmo de Freitas , Oliveira Gabriela Castelo Branco , Silva Rafaela Ferreira da , Soares Natália Helena Malta , Tenório Tulio Menezes , Farias Ana Rosa de Oliveira , Sousa Júnior Bartolomeu Silva de
Published: December 2024

O cultivo de eucaliptos é uma atividade importante no Brasil, mas enfrenta desafios relacionados ao manejo de pragas florestais. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar o monitoramento das pragas em plantios de eucalipto no Campus de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (CECA/UFAL). Foram identificados danos causados por desfolha, rendilhamento, cupins e formigueiros. A presença de formigueiros é preocupante, pois as formigas cortadeiras podem desfolhar as árvores e atrair outras pragas. O besouro-amarelo-do-eucalipto foi identificado como uma praga que causa perfurações nas folhas e rendilhamento. Cupins e diversas espécies de plantas daninhas também foram observados nos plantios. Esses problemas podem prejudicar a produtividade e a qualidade dos plantios, exigindo a implementação de medidas de controle adequadas. O monitoramento contínuo dessas pragas é essencial para identificar a presença e a intensidade dos danos, permitindo a adoção de estratégias de controle eficazes.
Basic sanitation evaluation model using Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Nascimento Aline Santos do , Alencar David Barbosa de , Nascimento Manoel Henrique Reis , Santos Lucélia Cunha da Rocha , Moraes Nadime Mustafa
Published: December 2024

The debate on water supply and waste management is an economic and environmental issue that has been discussed since the earliest cities. Initially, sewage was dumped into rivers without treatment, but with scientific advances, new solutions have emerged. In Brazil, Law No. 11,445/2007 regulates basic sanitation, which includes water supply, sewage, solid waste management, and urban drainage. Investments in this area are essential for public health and sustainable development, but there are still many people without access to these services, which aggravates health problems and environmental degradation, according to UNICEF (2020). Technologies such as artificial intelligence and fuzzy inference systems have been applied to optimize the management of these services. This study developed a fuzzy inference model to assess the quality of basic sanitation services. The model analyzed indicators such as water supply, sewage, and waste management, using the fuzzy methodology to address uncertainties and generate more accurate diagnoses. The process included fuzzification of inputs, application of inference rules, and defuzzification to transform the results into interpretable data. The results demonstrated that fuzzy logic is effective in identifying critical points in sanitation, offering solutions to reduce costs and increase efficiency. The model is adaptable to different regional contexts, facilitating its application in other locations. With this tool, it was possible to direct corrective actions, contributing to the improvement of services and the universalization of sanitation. This supports the fulfillment of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, which aims to ensure universal and sustainable access to water and sanitation.
Estudio de la diversidad taxonómica y temporal de arañas de cultivos de alcaucil Cynara scolymus L.
Authors:   CONICET, Gabellone Cecilia , Armendano Andrea , González Alda
Published: December 2024

Las arañas representan uno de los grupos faunísticos más diversos. Son depredadores generalistas numerosos y funcionalmente importantes en los agroecosistemas como enemigos naturales de insectos plaga. El Cinturón Hortícola Platense es una de las principales regiones productoras de cultivos hortícolas, particularmente de alcaucil Cynara scolymus L. (Asteraceae). Durante dos años se recolectaron estacionalmente arañas mediante aspirador y trampas de caída en parcelas de cultivos de alcaucil de distintas edades. El trabajo tiene la finalidad documentar la composición de familias, gremios, la diversidad alfa, beta, además de las variaciones estacionales de las comunidades de arañas en cultivos de alcaucil. Se registraron un total de 4826 arañas, que representan 65 especies/morfoespecies de 19 familias, siendo Linyphiidae y Lycosidae las familias más abundantes y Laminacauda montevidensis (Keyserling) (Araneae: Linyphiidae) la especie numéricamente más importante. El porcentaje de familias presentes en el cultivo de alcaucil fue del 27,94% del total de familias presentes en Argentina. El cultivo de menor edad presentó una mayor abundancia y riqueza de arañas. Los valores de los índices de diversidad fueron altos y el gremio más representado fue el de tejedoras de tela sábana debido a la gran proporción de ejemplares de la familia Linyphiidae. Este estudio consiste en el primer registro para Argentina en cultivos de alcaucil, y contribuye al conocimiento de la araneofauna adaptada a ambientes agrícolas con alto grado de perturbación antrópica.
Role of Unenhanced Computed Tomography of the Chest in the Prediction of Anaemia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thakur Rajani , Sai Tarani Chetana Naga , Kendyala ankeerteerth , Mahidhar Varigonda
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Anaemia is a common clinical condition. The detection of incidental findings on unenhanced Computed Tomography (CT) that predict the presence of anaemia may play a pivotal role in early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Aim: To assess the role of unenhanced CT thorax in predicting anaemia by determining the sensitivity and specificity of the Interventricular Septum Sign (IVS) and Aortic Rim Sign (ARS) in the prediction of anaemia.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 300 patients who underwent High-resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) of the thorax using a 128-slice CT scanner in the Department of Radiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, from July 2022 to September 2022. An estimation of haemoglobin levels was performed from a peripheral blood sample within 24 hours of the scan and the diagnosis of anaemia was made based on World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines of haemoglobin values according to age and gender. On imaging, the following parameters were analysed: the variables considered for each patient included age and gender, the presence or absence of ARS, the presence or absence of an IVS and the Hounsfield Units (HU) values of seven selected Regions of Interest (ROI) on each examination. Three ROIs were placed in the Left Ventricular (LV) cavity, three on the IVS and a single ROI was placed in the aorta at the same level. Mean, percentage, frequency and standard deviation were calculated. The Chi-square test was applied for statistical analysis and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Out of the total sample size of 300, 188 were males and 112 were females with the mean age of 47.16±19.77 years. The mean haemoglobin percentage in the study was 11.62±2.25 gm%. Approximately 195 (65%) out of 300 patients were found to be anaemic based on blood reports. Among them, the majority were diagnosed with moderate anaemia 109 (36.3%), followed by mild anaemia 76 (25.3%) and severe anaemia 10 (3.3%), respectively. The sensitivity of the dense IVS was 100% for severe anaemia, 75.6% for moderate anaemia and 55.3% for mild anaemia. In comparison, the aortic rim sign showed a sensitivity of 100% for severe anaemia, 86.5% for moderate anaemia and 67.69% for mild anaemia, with a specificity of 88.57%.

Conclusion: The presence of an IVS on an unenhanced CT predicts the likelihood of underlying anaemia and suggests the need for further evaluation and timely management.
Challenges and Opportunities in Pineapple and Cabbage Cultivation in Nagaland: A Garrett Ranking Analysis
Authors: Jamir Imsubenla T , Ezung T.Zarenthung
Published: December 2024

India’s horticulture sector, a significant contributor to the nation’s economy has experienced substantial growth, particularly in states like Nagaland. This study examines the growth and challenges faced by the horticulture sector in Nagaland, with a particularly emphasis on fruit and vegetable cultivation. Despite horticulture sector being a significant component of the state’s economy, the sector has experiences periods of negative growth particularly between 2011-12 and 2017-18. Taking a sample survey of 120 farmers, the study aims to analyse the farm sizes, productivity and the challenges faced by the farmers associated with the decline. Both Pineapple and Cabbage farmers face common challenges such as pest and disease management and ineffective pricing systems. However, pineapple farmers also struggle with inadequate credit facilities, while cabbage farmers face additional issues with irrigation infrastructure. The findings suggest that targeted interventions, such as upgrading infrastructure, improving farm practices, and expanding market access, are crucial for revitalising the sector. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to formulate strategies that can address these challenges, support sustainable growth, and ultimately strengthen the horticulture sector in Nagaland.
Market Chain Analysis of Small Ruminant Value in Tahtay Adyabo District, Tigray Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Desta Zemeda , Zemedu Lemma , Tegegne Bosena
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to examine market performance of small ruminant value chainin Tahtay Adyabo District. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select representative small ruminant producer kebeles and sample households.  Accordingly, 138 sample households, 6 large traders, 12 small traders, 8 collectors 5 butchers, 7 hotels/restaurants and 11 consumers were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire and from key informant interview. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected from randomly selected sample households through semi-structured questionnaire and checklists were used for key informants’ interviews. Secondary data were also collected from office of agriculture and rural development of the district.  The performance of small ruminant market was analyzed using marketing margins. Small ruminant farmers’s share of the consumer’s price was highest along producers – consumers, producers – farmers (for breeding purpose) and producers – small traders – consumers in both goat and sheep market channels. Similarly, Producer’s share of the consumer’s price was lowest along producers – hotels/restaurants – consumers and producers – collectors – large traders –hotels/restaurants – consumers in both goat and sheep market channel. As the market channel becomes longer and involves more transactions between different actors, the producers’ share of the final price decreases.  Therefore, effort should be made to establish producers’ cooperative, help farmers on giving training in appropriate technologies, marketing systems, working capital and information.
Evaluation of Different Bio and Chemical Insecticides Against Aphids, Aphis craccivora Koch Infesting Dolichos Bean
Authors: Howal Ankita A. , B.D. Shinde , P.B. Sanap , D.B. Ingole , S.M Wankhede , P.M. Darekar , S.P. Patil , A. A. Patil , P.V. Salunkhe , A.S Sarangkar
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was carried out to evaluation of different insecticides against Aphis craccivora Koch infesting dolichos bean at Vegetable Improvement Scheme. After the first and second spray it was revealed that the treatment (Diafenthiuron) was the most effective recording number of aphids 80.65%. Treatments (Imidacloprid, Azadirachtin and Dimethoate also showed significant control, with per cent reductions of 74.86, 73.98, and 70.47%respectively. Bio insecticides Lecanicillium lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae low significant reduction 45.98% and 29.66 %.
Comparative Study of Power Tiller Operated Machines for Small Holders Farming in Conservation Agriculture
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Karmakar Subrata
Published: December 2024

Timeliness is very crucial in all farm operations in general and in seeding and planting in particular. Slightly delay in sowing operation may lead to tremendous loss in production, productivity and sometimes quality of the grains followed by plant health. Power tiller operated machineries play very vital role for small scale farming system as the average holding size is close to one hectare and more than 86% of India’s farming community are small and marginal farmers. Practice of conservation agriculture with natural resource management has made the use of power tiller or hand tractors very essential for small holders farming. The power tiller with matching implements is cost effective source of farm power and it also enables farmers to diversify cropping pattern and increase in yield of crops. Present efforts were carried out to study the performance of various types of power tiller operated machines for different farm operations in conservation agriculture starting from seedbed preparation to crop harvesting for various crops like wheat, paddy, maize, gram, soybean, pigeon pea, sunflower, groundnut etc. Comparative field performance parameters such as field capacity, field efficiency, operating cost etc. and machine parameters have been presented in this paper.
In Situ Generation of Organic Peroxide to Create a Nanotubular Uranyl Peroxide Phosphate
Authors: Kravchuk Dmytro V. , Forbes Tori Z.
Published: October 2019

Current synthetic pathways for uranyl peroxide materials introduce high initial concentrations of aqueous H2O2 that decline over time. Alternatively, in situ generation of organic peroxide would maintain constant concentrations of peroxide over prolonged periods of time and open new pathways to novel uranyl peroxide compounds. Herein, we demonstrate this concept through the synthesis of a nanotube‐like uranyl peroxide phosphate (NUPP), Na12[(UO2)(μ‐O2)(HPO4)]6(H2O)40, making use of the inhibited autoxidation of benzaldehyde in benzyl alcohol solutions in the presence of phosphonate ligands. The unique feature of NUPP is the bent dihedral angle U‐(μ‐O2)‐U (123.9°±0.4° to 124.6°±0.5°), which allows hexameric uranyl peroxide macrocycles to adopt the nanotubular topology and prevents the formation of nanocapsules. Raman spectroscopy of the solution phase confirms our mechanistic understanding of the reaction pathway and confirms that consistent levels of peroxide are generated in situ over an extended period of time.
Modeling Alcohol Dehydrogenase Catalysis in Deep Eutectic Solvent/Water Mixtures
Authors: Huang Lei , Bittner Jan Philipp , Domínguez de María Pablo , Jakobtorweihen Sven , Kara Selin
Published: October 2019

The use of oxidoreductases (EC1) in non‐conventional reaction media has been increasingly explored. In particular, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a novel class of solvents. Herein, an in‐depth study of bioreduction with an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the DES glyceline is presented. The activity and stability of ADH in mixtures of glyceline/water with varying water contents were measured. Furthermore, the thermodynamic water activity and viscosity of mixtures of glyceline/water have been determined. For a better understanding of the observations, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to quantify the molecular flexibility, hydration layer, and intraprotein hydrogen bonds of ADH. The behavior of the enzyme in DESs follows the classic dependence of water activity (aW) in non‐conventional media. At low aW values (<0.2), ADH does not show any activity; at higher aW values, the activity was still lower than that in pure water due to the high viscosities of the DES. These findings could be further explained by increased enzyme flexibility with increasing water content.
Review on Recent Progress in the Development of Tungsten Oxide Based Electrodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Shinde Pragati A. , Jun Seong Chan
Published: October 2019

Current progress in the advancement of energy‐storage devices is the most important factor that will allow the scientific community to develop resources to meet the global energy demands of the 21st century. Nanostructured materials can be used as effective electrodes for energy‐storage devices because they offer various promising features, including high surface‐to‐volume ratios, exceptional charge‐transport features, and good physicochemical properties. Until now, the successful research frontrunners have focused on the preparation of positive electrode materials for energy‐storage applications; nevertheless, the electrochemical performance of negative electrodes is less frequently reported. This review mainly focuses on the current progress in the development of tungsten oxide‐based electrodes for energy‐storage applications, primarily supercapacitors (SCs) and batteries. Tungsten is found in various stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric oxides. Among the different tungsten oxide materials, tungsten trioxide (WO3) has been intensively investigated as an electrode material for different applications because of its excellent charge‐transport features, unique physicochemical properties, and good resistance to corrosion. Various WO3 composites, such as WO3/carbon, WO3/polymers, WO3/metal oxides, and tungsten‐based binary metal oxides, have been used for application in SCs and batteries. However, pristine WO3 suffers from a relatively low specific surface area and low energy density. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly summarize recent progress in utilizing WO3‐based materials from various perspectives to enhance their performance. Herein, the potential‐ and pH‐dependent behavior of tungsten in aqueous media is discussed. Recent progress in the advancement of nanostructured WO3 and tungsten oxide‐based composites, along with related charge‐storage mechanisms and their electrochemical performances in SCs and batteries, is systematically summarized. Finally, remarks are made on future research challenges and the prospect of using tungsten oxide‐based materials to further upgrade energy‐storage devices.
Integrating population genetics to define conservation units from the core to the edge of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum western range
Authors: Tournayre Orianne , Pons Jean‐Baptiste , Leuchtmann Maxime , Leblois Raphael , Piry Sylvain , Filippi‐Codaccioni Ondine , Loiseau Anne , Duhayer Jeanne , Garin Inazio , Mathews Fiona , Puechmaille Sébastien , Charbonnel Nathalie , Pontier Dominique
Published: October 2019

The greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) is among the most widespread bat species in Europe but it has experienced severe declines, especially in Northern Europe. This species is listed Near Threatened in the European IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals, and it is considered to be highly sensitive to human activities and particularly to habitat fragmentation. Therefore, understanding the population boundaries and demographic history of populations of this species is of primary importance to assess relevant conservation strategies. In this study, we used 17 microsatellite markers to assess the genetic diversity, the genetic structure, and the demographic history of R. ferrumequinum colonies in the western part of its distribution. We identified one large population showing high levels of genetic diversity and large population size. Lower estimates were found in England and northern France. Analyses of clustering and isolation by distance suggested that the Channel and the Mediterranean seas could impede R. ferrumequinum gene flow. These results provide important information to improve the delineation of R. ferrumequinum management units. We suggest that a large management unit corresponding to the population ranging from Spanish Basque Country to northern France must be considered. Particular attention should be given to mating territories as they seem to play a key role in maintaining high levels of genetic mixing between colonies. Smaller management units corresponding to English and northern France colonies must also be implemented. These insular or peripheral colonies could be at higher risk of extinction in the near future.
Thromboprophylaxis with antithrombin gamma and unfractionated heparin for a pregnant woman complicated by hereditary antithrombin deficiency
Authors: Hisano Michi , Mitsui Mari , Sago Haruhiko , Yamaguchi Koushi
Published: October 2019

Antithrombin replacement using recombinant human antithrombin (antithrombin gamma) is a well‐tolerated treatment and effective as thromboprophylaxis for a pregnant woman with hereditary antithrombin deficiency.
Responses of soil moisture to regional climate change over the Three Rivers Source Region on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Deng Mingshan , Meng Xianhong , Li Zhaoguo , Lyv Yaqiong , Lei Huajin , Zhao Lin , Zhao Shengnan , Ge Jun , Jing Hui
Published: October 2019

In this study, soil moisture data from two reanalysis datasets (ERA‐Interim, ERA5), a satellite soil moisture product from the European Space Agency (ESA) and three assimilation datasets from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), that is, GLADS‐NOAH025, GLADS‐NOAH10, and GLDAS‐CLM were compared with the observed soil moisture data in Maqu and Maduo stations over the Three Rivers Source Region (TRSR) on the Tibetan Plateau in China. Comparative statistical parameters between the soil moisture observations and the products, including the root mean square error, correlation coefficient (R), and standard deviation ratio were calculated to evaluate the products in different seasons. It was found that most products overestimated the soil moisture values, among which GLADS‐NOAH025 had relatively good consistency with the observations in the surface soil layer (0–10 cm), whereas GLDAS‐CLM agreed well with the observations in the 10–40 cm layer. Both ERA5 and ERA‐interim soil moisture overestimated soil moisture at all levels. The responses of soil moisture to regional climate change over the TRSR were also investigated by using the GLDAS‐NOAH025 soil moisture product, the ESA soil moisture product, and the observations during the nonfreezing period. The results show that the trends of soil moisture are consistent with the precipitation changes in the main central part of the TRSR. A significant positive correlation was found between soil moisture and precipitation in most regions of the TRSR, which indicates that soil moisture increases with the increase of precipitation, except in the northwest TRSR, where the variation of soil moisture was possibly influenced by both the precipitation changes and the increase of evapotranspiration.
Improvement of the refrigerated preservation technology by hyperbaric storage for raw fresh meat
Authors: Santos Mauro D , Castro Rodolfo , Delgadillo Ivonne , Saraiva Jorge A
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

This work aimed to compare raw fresh meat (minced bovine and pork in pieces) preserved by hyperbaric storage (HS) at room‐like temperature (75 MPa/25 °C) and HS at cold temperatures (60 MPa/10 °C) for up to 60 days, being both compared to refrigeration (RF, 4 °C).

RESULTS

HS conditions showed microbial load reductions over 60 days of storage, leading to a possible shelf‐life extension when compared to samples at RF. Moreover, between both HS conditions similar results were found at the 60th day, reaching in some cases values < 1.00 log CFU g−1. Overall, pH presented an increase with storage for both HS conditions (e.g. over 30 days, from 5.51 ± 0.02 to 5.70 ± 0.01 and 5.85 ± 0.03, for 60 MPa/10 °C and 75 MPa/25 °C, respectively, on pork meat in pieces, PP) contrary to RF where pH values decreased (from 5.51 ± 0.02 to 5.33 ± 0.03). Regarding moisture content and drip loss, lower and higher values were found, respectively at 75 MPa/25 °C, mainly in bovine minced meat. Overall, colour ΔE* did not present considerable differences for both samples under all storage conditions. Lipid oxidation presented an increase tendency over time, with both HS conditions showing the higher values (1.795 ± 0.217 and 2.169 ± 0.117 for 60 MPa/10 °C and 75 MPa/25 °C, respectively, compared to 0.895 ± 0.084 μg MDA g−1 in PP samples at the 30th day).

CONCLUSION

Although several advantages were found further studies should be carried out in order to optimize the HS conditions for raw fresh meat and assess the impact of this preservation methodology on other meat quality parameters as for instance sensorial aspects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of ligands from natural products as inhibitors of glutathione S‐transferases using enzyme immobilized mesoporous magnetic beads with high‐performance liquid chromatography plus quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and molecular docking
Authors: Yi Renxing , Fu Renjie , Li Dapeng , Qi Jin , Liu Haichun
Published: October 2019

Multidrug resistance is recognized as one of the main reasons leading to the failure of chemotherapy. Studies have shown that glutathione S‐transferase inhibitors could be regarded as multidrug resistance reversal agents. Herein, a method of applying enzyme immobilization, molecular docking, and high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was employed to screen glutathione S‐transferase inhibitors from natural products. Magnetic mesoporous silica microspheres were synthesized and modified with a poly(dopamine) layer, which has a large quantity of amino, enabling further non‐covalent binding with glutathione S‐transferase. Moreover, the immobilization conditions, namely, potential of hydrogen, catalase concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time, were optimized. In total, six potential compounds were isolated and identified from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt leaves and green tea and molecular docking was applied to identify the binding site. Rosmarinic acid, (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate and (−)‐epicatechin‐3‐gallate showed higher binding affinity than the compounds, and their half maximal inhibitory concentration values were further determined. The results suggested that this proposed method was effective and convenient for identifying glutathione S‐transferase inhibitors from natural products.