bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Most commonly used imaging methods for the detection of COVID-19. Literature review
Authors: Calle Álvarez Jessica Samantha , Calle Arévalo Heydi Monserrath , Lema Remache Shirley Pamela , Montesinos-Rivera Mayra Vanessa
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to comprehensively review the literature on the imaging techniques most commonly used to diagnose COVID-19. In the present work, a literature review was conducted, performing a reflexive critical analysis of the theoretical content of different updated scientific articles, obtained from PubMed, Cochrane databases. Different inclusion criteria were determined as year of publication between 2017 and 2023, scientific articles in English and Spanish, whose content had to be related to the pre-established topic. The findings show that chest computed tomography, thoracic radiography and lung ultrasound are the most commonly used imaging methods for the detection of coronavirus disease. It is concluded that three imaging techniques frequently used for the detection of COVID-19 were analyzed. Among them are thoracic radiography, whose devices are easy to handle and disinfect; its price is accessible and stands out for its careful emission of X-rays in the part of the body to be examined; computed tomography, which allows an early diagnosis by evaluating pulmonary involvement and an assessment of the response to treatment, is sophisticated and provides detailed images to improve the results; and finally, pulmonary ultrasound, which stands out for its versatility.
The SDSS-V Local Volume Mapper: Data Analysis Pipeline
Authors: Sánchez Sebastián F. , Mejía-Narváez Alfredo , Egorov Oleg V. , Kreckel Kathryn , Drory Niv , Blanc Guillermo A. , Méndez-Delgado J. Eduardo , Barrera-Ballesteros Jorge K. , Ibarra-Medel Hector , Bizyaev Dmitry , García Pablo , Wofford Aida , Lugo-Aranda Alejandra Z.
Published: January 2025

We introduce the data analysis pipeline (DAP) for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey V Local Volume Mapper (LVM) project, referred to as the LVM-DAP. We outline our methods for recovering both stellar and emission-line components from optical integral field spectroscopy, highlighting the developments and changes implemented to address specific challenges of the data set. The observations from the LVM project are unique because they cover a wide range of physical resolutions, from approximately 0.05 pc to 100 pc, depending on the distance to the target. This, along with the varying number of stars sampled in each aperture (ranging from zero, just one to a few, to thousands), presents challenges in using previous spectral synthesis methods and interpreting the spectral fits. We provide a detailed explanation of how we model the stellar content and separate it from the ionized gas emission lines. To assess the accuracy of our results, we compare them with both idealized and more realistic simulations, highlighting the limitations of our methods. We find that the DAP robustly corrects for stellar continuum features and recovers emission-line parameters (e.g., flux, equivalent width, systemic velocity, and velocity dispersion) with precision and accuracy that fulfill the requirements of the primary goal of the analysis. In addition, the recovered stellar parameters are reliable for single stars, while the recovery of integrated populations is less precise. We conclude with a description of the data products we provide, instructions for downloading and using our software, and a showcase illustrating the quality of the data and the analysis on a deep exposure taken on the Huygens region at the center of the Orion Nebula.
Optimizing orthodontic anchorage: comparative evaluation of larger diameter, shorter length mini-implants for enhanced mechanical stability
Authors: Junnarkar Swapnil , Sabane Anand , Patil Amol , Tepan Meenal , Rout Tanisha , Sharma Sonakshi , Gholap Arati
Published: January 2025

Aim: We aim to assess and contrast the mechanical stability of two mini-implant designs, featuring larger diameters and shorter lengths, for orthodontic anchorage against a conventional group of implants.

Materials and methods: Three groups of mini-implant underwent testing: the implants in Group 1 were 2.5 mm in diameter and 4 mm in length; the implants in Group 2 were 3 mm in diameter and 3 mm in length; and the conventional group implants were 1.3 mm in diameter and 7 mm in length. Both types were Abso Anchor mini-implants (Dentos Inc.). The implants’ mechanical stability was assessed using the maximum insertion torque (MIT), the maximum removal torque (MRT), and the angulated lateral displacement tests for compression and tension force vectors. Fourteen mini-implants of each design were used to measure MIT and MRT. Seven mini-implants of each design were tested for lateral displacement.

Results: Torque tests - Group 2 mini-implants showed superior primary stability with higher MIT and MRT values compared to Group 1 and the conventional group implants. Lateral displacement tests - Group 2 mini-implants required significantly greater compressive force than those in Group 1 and the conventional group. Tension force for lateral displacements was similar between the three groups.

Conclusion: Group 2 mini-implants, with larger diameters and shorter lengths, demonstrated superior primary stability over Group 1 implants. Despite the differences in compressive force, all three groups performed similarly under tension in lateral displacement tests.
Evaluation of indocyanine green antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in radical species elimination: an in vitro study
Authors: Tanev Mihail Z. , Tomov Georgi T. , Georgiev Kostadin G. , Georgieva Ekaterina D. , Petkova-Parlapanska Kamelia V. , Nikolova Galina D. , Karamalakova Yanka D.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) utilizes light-sensitive materials to inactivate pathogens. Indocyanine green (ICG) is an FDA-approved photosensitizer known for its effective photo-thermal and photo-chemical properties.

Aim: This study evaluates the efficacy of ICG-based aPDT in eliminating reactive species compared to methylene blue (MtB) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.

Materials and methods: Solid samples of ICG and MtB were prepared at 0.33% concentrations. Solutions were irradiated with lasers at 810 nm and 630 nm, respectively. EPR spectroscopy measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Spin-trapping agents assessed alkyl radicals, superoxide, and singlet oxygen.

Results: ICG demonstrated higher scavenging activity for ROS/RNS compared to MtB. Under PDT, ICG significantly enhanced the reduction of photooxidative stress markers in vitro.

Conclusions: ICG combined with aPDT is more effective than MtB in reducing ROS/RNS, indicating its potential for enhanced antimicrobial applications.
Le cloître et l’université : copies et achats de livres à l’abbaye de Saint-Bertin ( xiv e – xv e siècles)
Authors: Michel Nicolas
Published: January 2025

La présente contribution se propose de montrer en quoi les études universitaires des moines participèrent du dynamisme intellectuel observé à Saint-Bertin durant les trois derniers siècles de la période médiévale, en étudiant plus particulièrement leur influence sur les pratiques livresques monastiques. Les nombreux moines envoyés à Paris, Louvain et même Cologne pour y étudier la théologie ou le droit canon profitèrent de leur séjour universitaire pour acquérir ou copier des livres, ceux-ci venant ensuite gonfler les rayonnages de la bibliothèque monastique, (re)construite au début du xv e siècle.
Theories and Concepts of Well-being and Happiness in the Workplace
Authors: Sakshi  , Dhand Shivani
Published: January 2025

The rising rates of stress, burnout, and disengagement at work reveal the shortcomings of the traditional reframing employee well-being approach. Companies are losing productivity, employees are losing interest, therefore, new measures are due. This particular chapter looks at the basic structures such as Job Satisfaction Theory, Positive Psychology, and Self-Determination Theory to determine what promotes well-being in the workplace. With the combination of these theories and models, organizations may make and implement such strategies that encourage ask for autonomy, presence of purpose and healthy connections which cut down instances of burnout and raise levels of happiness. These practices also raise employee's satisfaction and enhance the productivity of the organization as a whole which proves the importance of well-being in the sustainability of the organization's success.
A Review on Healthy Work Culture Leading to Their Happiness and Well Being During Pandemics in Relation With the Mediating Role of Work Commitment
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Tarkar Preeti
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of how work culture affects employees' performance during pandemics, which in turn affects their well-being and happiness. Based on this research, specific organizations will receive recommendations for creating an efficient pandemic HRM approach. Secondary data for the study came from the literature review, which was carried out utilizing books, articles, and journals. The results specified that the random changes done by the organizations in the factors of work culture has impacted the happiness and well-being of employees' negatively. The study expands on all of the pandemic scenarios that were previously stated as a whole, as opposed to focusing on just one. Additionally, companies tend to overlook the work culture element during pandemics because they are more concerned with recovering from their losses, which negatively impacts the happiness and well-being of their employees.
Bridging the Digital Divide
Authors: Farooq Fatima , Bashir Irfan
Published: January 2025

The chapter discusses methods to improve the accessibility and inclusivity of 5G and 6G technologies to reduce the digital gap. It underscores the importance of developing affordable infrastructure, cost-effective devices, and comprehensive digital literacy programs while considering ethical implications. Collaboration among governments, network providers, and technology developers is crucial to implementing inclusive policies ensuring widespread access to transformative technologies. Examining the transition from 4G to 5G and the vision for 6G addresses the socioeconomic factors influencing ICT adoption and emphasizes the role of SDN in network efficiency. By proposing solutions to overcome existing barriers and supporting strategic initiatives, this chapter aims to promote diversity in technology design and enhance accessibility. Ultimately, fostering an equitable digital landscape will allow societies to harness the full potential of information and communication technology, reshaping consumer behavior and elevating global standards in both industrialized and emerging nations.
Assessing the Economic Impact of 5G/6G Integration on Tea Tourism Sector in Barak Valley, Assam
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jayeeta , Kumar K. N. Lokesh
Published: January 2025

The paper focuses on the 5G and 6G integration on the technological advancements in the digital era. It tries to analyze the economic impacts of 5G/6G integration on the tea-estates of Barak Valley in the state of Assam leading to tourism development in the region. It tries to promote sustainable practices along with the operational efficiency of the local communities with the applications of artificial intelligence through virtual and augmented reality. It would attract tourists and enable virtual tours before being physically accessible to the tea-estates. This would develop infrastructural facilities along with good connectivity. For the current study, secondary sources of data are collected. It tries to have a good impact on the local communities of tea estates leading to economic development in the region.
Cooperative Relaying for Hyper Reliable Low Latency Communications in 6G Radio Networks and Its Potential Research Directions
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Debnath Sunandita , Hossain Ashraf
Published: January 2025

This chapter addresses the cooperative relay communications in 6G radio networks for high reliability and low latency communications. In this regard, we consider two-hop buffered relay network. To achieve these goals, advanced protocols need to be developed that are state-of-art in the cooperative relaying networks. To mitigate the delay caused by data packets arrival and scheduling at the relay, the advanced random-access protocol and non-random-access protocol are investigated for buffer state information (BSI). Following this, an average queueing delay (AQD) is formulated in closed-form which is minimized by satisfying certain queueing stability of buffer and maintain the constant power level by exploiting the Markov reward process (MRP) at the relay for RA protocol. Furthermore, the closed-form expression of the AQD is also, derived for NRA protocol. Our proposed numerical results perform better as compared to existing schemes available in the literature. In addition, this chapter provides the research directions in the high-speed mobility scenarios for 6G radio system.
Innovation in Medical Application Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) by Cutting-Edge Technologies
Authors: Nour Samar M. , Abdelwahab Mohanad A. , Mahmoud Mohamed S. , Nabil Kyrolos E.
Published: January 2025

Medical applications have become integral components of contemporary healthcare, leveraging advancements in technology to enhance patient care. Therefore, this chapter proposes that the application based on artificial intelligence (AI) using current technologies acts as an intermediary between the patient and the doctor. The proposed application is working in four phases. In the first phase, it collects comprehensive data about the patient, including test results, x-rays, and the patient's self-reported health status. This data is compiled into a file for each patient and stored in a database. In the second phase, the application then provides an initial diagnosis based on an artificial intelligence (AI) model and advises whether a doctor's consultation is necessary. In the third phase, the consultation is recommended, and the patient's file and initial diagnosis are included in the booking process. Finally, this comprehensive data is also emailed to both the patient and the doctor for their reference. This proposed medical application aims to redefine the doctor-patient relationship, streamlining communication for easier, more consistent, and highly accurate interactions.
Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Mohamed Saher M. , Farah Kirollos Saleh , Lotfy Abdelrahman Mahmoud , Rizk Kareem Ayman , Saeed Abdelrahman Yasser , Mohamed Shahenda Hatem , Khoriba Ghada , Arafa Tamer
Published: January 2025

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are becoming an essential tool in the organization, linkage, and analysis of complex data across various domains. By structuring information as entities and their interrelationships, KGs enhance data integration and provide advanced capabilities such as reasoning, question-answering, and real-time decision-making. This paper explores methodologies for building and maintaining static and dynamic knowledge graphs, focusing on their applications in fields like virtual assistants, recommendation systems, autonomous systems, and AI-driven decision-making. The study emphasizes the growing significance of automation tools such as Named Entity Recognition (NER) and relationship extraction and addresses challenges in balancing automation with accuracy in KG construction. Furthermore, the transformation of static knowledge graphs into dynamic, continuously updating systems is discussed, showcasing their potential to revolutionize real-world applications by integrating ever-evolving datasets. In this context, dynamic KGs excel in domains that require real-time updates, making them invaluable for climate monitoring, autonomous vehicles, and production fault detection systems. This study provides insights into the methodologies and tools that can ensure high-quality KG creation, the challenges of real-time data integration, and how KGs contribute to advancing AI capabilities in data-rich environments.
Improved Strength Pareto Global Adaptive Multi-Objective Optimization Search and Selection Algorithm (ISPGAEA)
Authors: Ahmed Abdelrahman A. Mohamed , Gadallah Mohamed Hassan
Published: January 2025

Meta heuristic hybrid search optimization methods combine advantages of several methods in hybrid one. randomly generated solutions are archived, assessing diversity and convergence. However, after several cycles, random generated numbers tend to cluster rather than fill the search space. Uniform random number generators for initializing meta heuristic algorithms have drawbacks like uneven distribution, high disparities, and ineffective search space coverage. Control parameters in Genetic Algorithms, such as crossover and mutation, can impact the trade-off solutions of search space. The research introduces a hybrid interactive optimization approach, utilizing local enumerative search, dominance-based selection, and interactive indicator-based cross-over and mutation criteria to produce diverse, convergent trade-off solutions, set of benchmark problems are tested by the new method compared to a the famous SPEA2, the results show a better result for the new method ISPGAEA over SPEA2.
AI in Neuroimaging and Brain Analysis
Authors: Gadgil Aashish A. , Selvakumar P. , Sabeena Gnanaselvi G. , Malathi G.
Published: January 2025

The integration of AI in neuroimaging offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance our understanding of the brain, improve diagnostic accuracy, and personalize treatment strategies for neurological disorders. This capability is particularly significant given the increasing volume and complexity of neuroimaging data generated by modalities such as MRI, CT, PET, and EEG. As AI algorithms evolve, they are not only enhancing image quality and acquisition processes but also aiding in the development of biomarkers for various neurological conditions. This capability can lead to earlier diagnosis and intervention, which is crucial in managing progressive conditions. Moreover, AI-driven approaches can streamline workflow processes in clinical settings, reducing the burden on radiologists and enabling more efficient patient management. Despite these opportunities, the incorporation of AI in neuroimaging also presents significant challenges. Data privacy and security are paramount concerns, especially when dealing with sensitive patient information.
Use of Virtual Reality (VR) and AI in Therapeutic Settings
Authors: Singha Ranjit , Singha Surjit
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the transformative impact of virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) in therapeutic settings. It examines how VR's immersive environments and AI's data-driven insights enhance therapeutic practices, including exposure therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, and anxiety management. By aligning with psychological and neurological theories, these technologies offer innovative solutions for improving patient outcomes. The chapter also addresses challenges such as high costs, data privacy, and the need for rigorous research. Future directions emphasize the importance of ongoing development, ethical considerations, and empirical validation. Ultimately, VR and AI hold the potential to revolutionize therapeutic practices, offering more effective, personalized, and immersive treatment options.
Enhancing ADHD Support Through a Human-AI Collaboration Framework
Authors: Tarabah Nour El Hoda
Published: January 2025

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, significantly affecting well-being and workplace productivity. Current management strategies often lack scalability, personalization, and continuous support. Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) present new opportunities to address these gaps through enhanced diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and mentorship. Based on existing research, this study proposes a Human-AI Collaboration Model for ADHD Support encompassing Diagnosis, Therapeutic Support, and Post-Therapy Monitoring and Mentoring. Combining AI's precision with human empathy, the model provides a scalable, holistic approach to ADHD care in ADHD life and organizational context. The study recommends the future development of a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) for the proposed model to validate its effectiveness for future innovation.
The Promotion and Rationalization of President Joe Biden's Authority and Power Through the Art of Persuasion
Authors: Wang Min
Published: January 2025

Abstract The presidential inaugural address is an important stage where speakers need to fully utilize the art of persuasion in order to effectively communicate their views, vision and policies to the audience. “The art of persuasion” plays an important role in presidential inaugural speeches. A presidential inaugural address is not only an oath and vision statement to the nation, but also an important communication opportunity where the speaker needs to influence and inspire the audience through persuasion. This study takes president Biden's inaugural address in 2021 as the research object, and uses qualitative analysis to explore and determine what types of “the art of persuasion” are used in president Biden's inaugural speech, and how these “the art of persuasion” work in the promotion and rationalization of the president Joe Biden's authority and power. The researchers hope that this study can provide some reference value for President Biden's use of the art of persuasion to promote and rationalize his own authority and power in his speeches.
Research on the Subdivision and Prediction of English Academic Performance of Online Education Students
Authors: Lou Chunyi , Lu Liang , Mao Jianfang , Ding Yan
Published: January 2025

With the continuous progress of science and technology and the acceleration of global informatization, online education, as a new educational model, is gradually becoming an important way for people to learn. How to effectively transform massive learning data into educational benefits is a major challenge facing the development of online education at present. This paper focuses on the students who learn English online, and uses big data and machine learning technology to build a prediction system for each student's English course performance. The system predicts academic performance according to students' individual learning situation, helps teachers to give targeted guidance and improve the overall teaching quality. The results of questionnaire survey show that most students think that the prediction system can accurately predict English academic performance, which is of great help to improve the learning effect. The system has a friendly interface and is easy to operate.
Mode Division Multiplexing Free Space Optical Communication System Performance with Aperture Averaging in Atmospheric Turbulence and Various Weather Conditions
Authors: Magidi Simbarashe , Pondani Taurayi
Published: January 2025

Due to the serious challenge for mobile operators as a result of spectrum congestion in radio frequency spectrum, free space optical (FSO) communication has been considered a timeous alternative especially for future generation high capacity wireless networks. Although FSO offers advantages such as huge data carrying capacity among others, it suffers from the drawback of atmospheric turbulence and adverse weather conditions. As a mitigation to this problem, mode division multiplexing (MDM) has been another research direction. This paper proposes the design and numerical simulation of a hybrid modified duobinary return to zero (MDRZ) MDM free space optical communication system, which to the best of the authors’ knowledge has not been a subject of investigation. The performance metrics used are the bit error rate, quality factor and received optical power. Two modes, HG00 and HG01 were investigated and compared. It has been observed that the BER, Q factor and received power degrades as we increase the beam divergence, FSO transmission distance and data rate. Moreover, the performance gap between clear and moderate weather conditions is more for HG00 than for HG01 for the same considered data rates. The aperture averaging has been shown to be a strong mitigation strategy especially in foggy conditions.
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kim Doo Hwa , Kim Sang Soo
Published: January 2025

The estimated global prevalence of diabetes is similar for women and men (8.4% vs. 8.9%). Even among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), there are known gender differences in the impact of the disease. The relative risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications between people with and without T2D is higher in women than in men. In contrast, lifestyle interventions and bariatric surgery appear to have similar effects regardless of gender. Importantly, not only is the excess risk of coronary artery disease associated disproportionately highly with diabetes, but the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease differs between women and men. Women more often present with atypical symptoms of angina, which can hinder accurate diagnosis and early treatment, potentially leading to disease progression and subsequent myocardial infarction. Whether these gender differences also exist in CV disease remains uncertain. Evidence that men and women experience diabetes-related conditions differently suggests that further research is needed to clarify the biological, behavioral, or social mechanisms involved. Meanwhile, the menopausal transition in women is a time of accelerated cardiovascular disease risk. Endocrine and metabolic changes are closely linked during the menopausal transition. This review highlights key differences in diabetes-related CV complications by gender.
Assessing the Prevalence and Characteristics of Dental Anxiety among Patients Reporting to Dental Operatory
Authors: Raut Pooja , Godbole Surekha , Nimonkar Sharayu Vinod , Belkhode Vikram Murlidhar , Bansod Akansha Vilas , Pisulkar Sweta Kale
Published: January 2025

Background:

Approximately 36% of the population is stated to be affected by dental anxiety or dental fear, with a further 12% suffering from extreme dental fear. In a dental context, worry, anxiety, or tension are referred to as dental anxiety. According to reports, it is a prevalent issue that affects many societies.

Aim:

This cross-sectional study assessed the incidence and characteristics of dental anxiety in patients reporting to the dental operatory.

Methodology:

A questionnaire-based survey was carried out with 100 participants (50 males and 50 females), reporting to the Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital for dental treatment. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), a systematic and validated tool, was used to measure the participants’ dental anxiety levels.

Results:

Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Of the participating patients, 48% were female, 42% were male, and 90% of the population belonged to the high fear group. Merely 10% of the group had little fear (P < 0.001). A significant difference (P < 0.05) in the mean overall anxiety score among the age groups was seen, which decreased with age. The patient with dental anxiety was 35.84 ± 13.5 years old on average.

Conclusion:

The most popular dental procedures are significantly correlated with dental fear. The results of this study will assist a practicing dentist in identifying patients who suffer from dental anxiety so that they can receive primary treatment at a specialty clinic, along with comprehensive psychological evaluation, support, and therapy.
Modernizing Physiotherapy Intervention in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients
Authors: Bhakaney Pallavi R. , Tiwari Abhishek
Published: January 2025

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory axial skeleton condition that primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and spine. The predicted prevalence rate of AS in India is 0.4–14 per 100,000 persons. This scoping review delves into the potential of emerging technologies to revolutionize AS treatment. As physiotherapy is evolving in terms of technology and modality, rather than being conventional, through this review researchers and readers can address the available evidence-based practices to date and can endeavor on interventional techniques including advanced modalities, robotics, and artificial intelligence. We establish this literature review by specifically personifying the keywords for the research, including terms like “Ankylosing Spondylitis,” “AS,” “RCT,” and “Recent advances in physiotherapy.” Confining esteemed academic databases such as PubMed, CINHAL, Scopus Clinical Key, or Google Scholar to strike peer-reviewed evidence. Eleven peer-reviewed articles were found relating to the review purpose. All the articles were published between 2019 and 2024 and published across the global journals. Considering demographics, 11 articles identified participants as having an AS diagnosis, which included two articles on supervised group exercise, Aqua Stretch, Aqua Pilates, Clinical Pilates, Baduanjin Qigong exercises, water-filtered infrared A radiation, and global postural release techniques. The studies encompass diverse interventions, including Baduanjin Qigong exercises, pilates, aerobic exercises, home exercises, osteopathic approaches, hydrotherapy, Aqua Stretch, Aqua Pilates, Tele-yoga, and pain-specific methods.
Maternal Risk Factors in Congenital Anomalies Admitted to a Tertiary Healthcare Institute: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Joglekar Praveen N , Mendhe Harshal Gajanan , Juneja Hemant Tekchand
Published: January 2025

Background:

Major congenital malformations occur in approximately 2% of human births. The objective of this study was to examine the sociodemographic profile of mothers whose children have congenital anomalies, to analyze the spectrum of these anomalies, and to explore the relationship between epidemiological risk factors and the identified congenital anomalies, focusing on the anatomical organs and systems involved.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted at a tertiary care institute in Mumbai. Using convenience sampling, 450 children with congenital anomalies were enrolled in the study. Diagnosed cases of congenital anomalies that met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to various wards of the tertiary care institute for treatment were selected. The necessary data were collected and compiled using Microsoft Excel 2007. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 17 software, with averages and percentages applied as statistical tools.

Results:

Of the children studied, 71.3% (321/450) were male and 28.7% (129/450) were female. In both sexes, congenital anomalies were more prevalent in the age group of 0–6 months. The majority of children with congenital anomalies were born full term (86.9%).

Conclusion:

Among the various anomalies, the cardiovascular system was the most commonly affected, accounting for 42% of cases. Ventricular septal defect was the most common congenital anomaly observed followed by tetralogy of Fallot. The heart was the most frequently involved organ, followed by the rectum and anal canal.
Assessment of Statin-induced Adverse Effects in Hospitalized Patients: A Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Muthal Amol , Mahadik Ankita , Sukre Prasad , Raut Asavari , Kalra Ravi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Statins are essential in reducing cardiovascular risks, yet they are associated with various adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Understanding the prevalence and severity of these ADRs is crucial in improving patient safety and compliance. This study focuses on evaluating statin-induced ADRs in hospitalized patients to provide clinical insights into their management.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 307 patients receiving statins for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. A regular telephonic follow-up of patients was conducted on phone calls every night, and the patients were encouraged to self-report ADRs.

Results:

Our analysis showed that atorvastatin was the most commonly prescribed statin, with a 40.25% overall incidence of statin-induced ADRs. Myalgia was the most frequent ADR, especially in males. Rosuvastatin 20 mg and 80 mg had significantly higher ADR incidences compared to atorvastatin at the same dosage (P = 0.011 and P = 0.037, respectively). Causality assessment deemed 88.88% of ADRs as probable. Univariate analysis indicated atorvastatin had a higher ADR risk (odds ratio [OR]: 2.054, P = 0.031, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.067–3.954) compared to rosuvastatin, and atorvastatin 40 mg had more ADRs than other doses (OR: 2.098, P = 0.015, 95% CI: 1.154–3.814). Most atorvastatin-induced ADRs were mild (86.23%).

Conclusion:

The investigation revealed a substantial incidence of statin-induced ADRs. Myalgia being the most frequently observed ADRs. However, it is more prevalent in males as compared with females. Atorvastatin was associated with a higher incidence of ADRs. Despite this, the majority of atorvastatin-induced ADRs are mild.
Comparing the Assessment of Upper Extremity Functional Performance in Violinists and Nonviolinists
Authors: Mahunta Bhagyashree , Rawane Divyangana
Published: January 2025

Background:

The violinist shows various playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) to the upper extremity due to the static load of the violin and repetitive string movement. Comparing the upper extremity functional performance of violinists with the general nonviolinist population will help to track the PRMDs and help to prevent them with proper training.

Methodology:

After including the violinist as per the selection criteria to assess their upper extremity function, the Timed Functional Arm and Shoulder Test (TFAST) was taken. After the data collection, appropriate statistical analysis was done.

Results:

The TFAST of the left and right sides in violinists and nonviolinists were compared by applying an unpaired t-test which shows (at 95% confidence interval) P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0082, respectively, which is considered to be extremely statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The upper extremity functional performance of violinists was better with higher TFAST scores on both the left and right sides compared to nonviolinists. These findings suggest that the increased muscle activity and static postures enhance the functional performance of violin players.
Profile of Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers in Children with Peritonitis and their Role in Predicting the Severity and Outcome
Authors: Vibhash Chandra , Choudhury Subhasis Roy , Maheshwari Anu , Sarin Yogesh Kumar , Sharma Sunita , Singh Ritu
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to determine whether the levels of serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], calprotectin, and N terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]) predict the severity and outcome in children with peritonitis. The primary objective was to evaluate the profile of these serum inflammatory biomarkers in children with peritonitis. The secondary objectives were to correlate the level of these biomarkers with pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (pSOFA) severity score at admission and predict the outcome (mortality).

Methods:

In this prospective observational study, the level of above serum inflammatory biomarkers in children with peritonitis was measured at the time of admission. The disease severity was assessed using pSOFA score and the association of these biomarkers with the outcomes was studied.

Results:

A total of 80 children with peritonitis (M: F:: 9:7, mean age: 6.22 ± 3.7 years) were included. The median values of serum CRP, IL-6, calprotectin, and NT-proBNP were 196.88 mg/L (interquartile range [IQR]: 124.37, 285.6), 6.74 pg/ml (IQR: 1.87, 12.54), 46750 μg/L (IQR: 17937.5, 84075), and 365.2 ng/L (IQR: 170, 1034), respectively. Serum CRP and NT-proBNP correlated with pSOFA score. The pSOFA score >4 and serum NT-proBNP were significant in predicting mortality in children with peritonitis (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

In children with peritonitis, serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers, i.e. CRP, calprotectin, and NT-proBNP were found to be raised, whereas IL-6 was not raised. The pSOFA score >4 predicted mortality. The serum levels of NT-proBNP were significantly raised in nonsurvivors in children with peritonitis, therefore, can be used as a predictor of severity and mortality in children with peritonitis.
Prognostic Correlation of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor with Radiological Tumor Size in Pediatric Nephroblastoma and Neuroblastoma: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kanneganti Pujana , Kumar Basant , Mathew Priya , Agarwal Vikas , Yadav Rajanikant , Mandelia Ankur , Upadhyay Vijai Datta
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth, progression, and metastasis of solid tumors. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); both are potent angiogenic factors implicated with the growth and metastasis of solid tumors mostly in adult studies. Rapidly growing and large-size tumors have a positive correlation with these factors which are measured in serum and urine samples of patients. There is little literature available for pediatric patients that compare the computed tomography findings (size) of pediatric solid tumors with serum VEGF and serum/urinary bFGF.

This prospective study aims to determine the correlation of serum VEGF and serum/urinary bFGF with the size of common pediatric solid tumors (nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma [NB]) to determine its diagnostic and prognostic significance.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective case–control study was done for 3 years (December 2020 to November 2023) at our institute. All children aged 1 day to 18 years admitted with the diagnosis of NB and nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor [WT]) were included after parental consent. The control group includes children of varying ages without any malignancy. Blood and urinary samples were collected at admission before or a week after the biopsy and the level of bFGF and VEGF was analyzed with the ELISA method. Triple-phase computed tomographies along with recommended evaluation were performed according to the tumor as per international standard protocols. Appropriate statistical analyses were done.

Results:

A total of 30 patients were included in the cohort, of which 13 patients were with the diagnosis of WT. Only 7 patients had metastatic disease. All the patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy according to their presentation and tumor stage. Both the growth factors, i.e., VEGF (median value - 314.38 pg/mL) and bFGF (median value - 18.96 pg/mL), are elevated in all the tumor patients in comparison with the controls (median VEGF - 100.51 pg/mL and bFGF - 15.6 pg/mL). When compared with the tumor size, no significant associations are found (with VEGF P - 0.40 and with bFGF P - 0.44).

Conclusion:

Although no satistically significant correlations were found between serum/urinary levels of bFGF and VEGF with tumor size, this study showed the raised median serum value of bFGF and VEGF in patients with NB and WT in comparison to controls and provided the rationale to explore this issue on a larger group of patients.
Video-urodynamic Profile in Postoperative Cases of Lumbosacral Myelomeningocele with Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: Goswami Dipanjan , Saxena Gaurav , Neogi Sujoy , Ratan Simmi K , Kumar Prafull , Kumar Chiranjiv , Ahmad Md. Fahim
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Neurogenic bladder is a very common sequel in cases of spina bifida with variable prevalence ranging between 46% and 80%. Conventionally, these patients are analyzed using urodynamic studies (UDSs), with some chances to be misinterpreted, as a large percentage of these subjects are associated with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), for which video-UDS (VUDS) is considered to be investigation of choice.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 24 postoperative patients (at least 3 months postoperative) of lumbosacral myelomeningocele with urinary complaints over a 1-year period. The VUDS parameters and presence of VUR were noted along with sonographic evaluation of the urinary tract as well as renal function tests. VUDS was done using the HERMES model, and micturating cystourethrography films were taken using the C-arm fluoroscopy machine. Postvoid residual urine (PVRU) was calculated using a portable ultrasonography (USG) scanner. Based on the VUDS parameters, we tried to categorize the type of neurogenic bladder and also establish a correlation between the VUDS profile and upper tract changes if any.

Results:

There were 20 males and 4 females, age range of 9 months to 11 years. On USG kidney ureter bladder, there were mild bilateral hydronephrosis (n = 1), moderate to gross bilateral hydroureteronephrosis (n = 2), and thickened bladder (n = 7). On VUDS, high detrusor pressures were noted in 58% of cases (n = 14) and high sphincter pressures in 20% (n = 5) of patients. Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) was present in 50% of cases (n = 12). PVRU was significant in 87.5% of cases (n = 21), of which 14.2% (n = 3) had VUR and 52% (n = 11) had DSD. VUR was diagnosed in 16% (n = 4) of patients (3 unilateral and 1 bilateral). Among those patients with VUR, 25% (n = 1) had bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, 25% (n = 1) had thickened irregular bladder, and 50% (n = 2) had DSD. Overall patients with DSD had worst VUDS parameters. Overactive detrusor and normal sphincter, n = 8 (33%), was the most common type of neurogenic bladder in our study. On statistical analysis, there were positive correlations found between the VUDS parameters such as leak point volume, bladder capacity, bladder compliance, and DSD with sonological deterioration of the upper and lower urinary tracts (significant PVRU, hydronephrosis, and bladder wall thickening) as well as serum urea and creatinine levels.

Conclusion:

VUDS is decisive for the therapeutic strategy as it allows the definition of the dysfunctional pattern of the lower urinary tract and detection of risk factors to enable the prevention of major upper urinary tract changes by appropriate treatment. VUDS should be a part of standard evaluation protocol in all patients of neurogenic bladder.
A Neonate with Unilateral Nonsyndromic Wilms’ Tumor Treated with Nephron-sparing Surgery: The Youngest Ever Reported in the World
Authors: Sarin Yogesh Kumar , Losu Pute U , Nangia Anita
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The authors report a neonate with an antenatally diagnosed left renal lesion that was preoperatively diagnosed to be a unilateral nonsyndromic Wilms’ tumor (WT). He is the youngest patient with WT treated with nephron-sparing surgery, ever reported in the world.
Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the First Rib Presenting as Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Case Report of a Young Male
Authors: Garnaik Deepak Kumar , Jagdish B. , Yhoshu Enono , Singh Vivek , Lahiri Raja , Balija Satya Sree
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Ewing sarcoma is a malignant tumor of young adults comprising about 10%–15% of all bone sarcomas. Commonly, the long bones are affected but it can also originate from the rib, pelvis and spine. We present a large Ewing sarcoma in a 16-year-male, arising from the first right rib and manifesting with superior vena cava syndrome.
Unraveling Cystic Adenomyosis: Diagnostic Odyssey and Surgical Resolution in a Multiparous Woman
Authors: Kaur Bhupinder Deep , Kaur Parneet , Kaur Manmeet , Kaur Mandeep
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Cystic adenomyosis, a rare variant of adenomyosis, poses diagnostic challenges due to its resemblance to other uterine pathologies. We present the case of a 37-year-old multiparous woman with a history of cesarean sections, who presented with heavy menstrual bleeding and progressive pelvic pain. Despite initial medical management, symptoms persisted, prompting further investigation. Ultrasonography initially suggested fibroid degeneration or a neoplastic change, later confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging which showed degenerative changes in fibroid. However, worsening symptoms and failed medical management led to surgical intervention. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, revealing cystic spaces filled with altered blood within the myometrium. Histopathological analysis postsurgery confirmed the diagnosis of cystic adenomyosis. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic considerations in managing cystic adenomyosis in multiparous women.
Cervical Superficial Myofibroblastoma Presenting as a Polyp: A Rare Benign Entity
Authors: Singh Smita , Neha  , Agarwal Kiran , Saxena Rushali
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Superficial myofibroblastoma of the lower female genital tract is a rare and recently identified benign mesenchymal tumor with only 57 cases reported till now. Majority of the cases are described in the vagina and few cases in the cervix and vulva. It may present as a polypoid or cystic mass, and few cases are detected incidentally. It has a unique morphology and immunohistochemical features. The entity may mimic other benign and malignant conditions of the female genital tract and hence pose a diagnostic challenge. Here, we describe a patient with cervical superficial myofibroblastoma who presented with bleeding per vaginum and polyp in the cervix. Morphology and immunohistochemical findings helped in the final diagnosis. Awareness of this rare benign entity can help us to differentiate superficial myofibroblastoma from many aggressive entities and thus prevent radical surgeries.
Translation and Validation of the Tamil Version of the Menopause Rating Scale
Authors: Ekanayake Chanil , Ranasinghe Sakshara , Pathmeswaran Arunasalam , Muhunthan Kopalasuntharam
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) is a widely used tool to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and severity of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. The objective of the present study was to validate a Tamil translation of the MRS, as a Tamil translation is not available.

Methods:

The Tamil translation of MRS was developed following standard methodology, and a validation study to assess psychometric properties was done at the community level in Mannar, Sri Lanka. Reliability was assessed through internal consistency and test–rest reliability. Validity was assessed using content, discriminatory, and construct validity.

Results:

Internal consistency using Cronbach’s α coefficient ranged from 0.74 to 0.78 and test–retest reliability assessed by weighted kappa (k) ranged from 0.51 to 0.71. Content validity was evaluated by the acceptability of items for a sample of women and gynecologists conversant in Tamil during the translation process. Discriminant validity between symptomatic and asymptomatic women was significant for all three domains: somato-vegetative, sexual, and psychological (P < 0.05). Factor analysis with exploratory principal component analysis revealed three factors that explained 55.9% of the cumulative variance, demonstrating satisfactory construct validity. A MRS total score ≥6 had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 84.7% to identify symptomatic menopausal women.

Conclusion:

Tamil translation of MRS retained the psychometric properties of the original questionnaire and will be an invaluable tool to assess menopausal symptoms and HRQOL among postmenopausal tamil-speaking women.