bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the economic impact of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in Ireland: a qualitative study
Authors: Cullinan John , Ní Chomhraí Orla , Kindlon Tom , Black Leeanne , Casey Bláthín
Published: December 2020

Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling and complex chronic disease of unknown origin, whose symptoms, severity, and progression are extremely variable. Despite being relatively common, the condition is poorly understood and routine diagnostic tests and biomarkers are unavailable. There is no evidence on the economic impact of ME/CFS in Ireland.

Methods: Adopting a patient and public involvement approach, we undertook three semi-structured focus groups, which together included 15 ME/CFS patients and 6 informal carers, to consider costs related to ME/CFS in Ireland, including how and why they arise. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and we employed thematic analysis following the approach set out in Braun and Clarke (2006).  

Results: Themes from the data were: (1) Healthcare barriers and costs; (2) Socioeconomic costs; (3) Costs of disability; and, (4) Carer-related costs. Patient participants described a range of barriers to effective healthcare that led to extra costs, including delays getting a diagnosis, poor awareness/understanding of the condition by healthcare professionals, and a lack of effective treatments. These were linked to poor prognosis of the illness by participants who, as a result, faced a range of indirect costs, including poorer labour market and education outcomes, and lower economic well-being. Direct extra costs of disability were also described, often due to difficulties accessing appropriate services and supports. Informal carer participants described a range of impacts, including time costs, burnout, and impacts on work and study.

Conclusions: The data suggests that ME/CFS patients face a wide range of costs, while there are also wider societal costs in the form of costs to the health service, lost productivity, and impacts on informal carers. These results will inform ongoing research that aims to quantify the economic burden of ME/CFS in Ireland and raise awareness of the illness amongst healthcare providers and policymakers.
Structure of the Economic Competence of Bachelors of Entrepreneurship, Trade, and Exchange Activity of the Educational Program «Commodity and Commercial Activity»
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Morozova Mariia
Published: December 2020

The article characterizes the basic requirements for the professional training of bachelors of entrepreneurship, trade, and exchange activity based on the Standard of Higher Education (Specialty: 076 «Entrepreneurship, Trade, and Exchange Activity»), the educational program «Commodity and Commercial Activity». The paper presents modern scientific approaches to determining the essence and structure of the economic competence of specialists in various fields. Taking into account the competency approach and the relevant standard, the essence of the economic competence of future professionals in the field of entrepreneurship, trade, and exchange activity is determined. It has been discovered that the economic competence is characterized by a set of educational elements, including the system of economic knowledge, skills, values, attitudes towards economic knowledge. The structural components of the economic competence of future specialists in this field have been revealed: value-motivational, cognitive, personal, activity-communicative.
Case Testing as a Tool of Control in the Process of Future Teachers’ General Pedagogical Training
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Sevastianova Olena , Shama Iryna ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: December 2020

The expediency of using practice oriented technologies in training teachers, the potential of case technologies as a type of interactive educational technologies for solving problems of forming professional knowledge and skills of students of teaching specialties, and sources of cases (primary, secondary) have been characterized in the article. The essence and the main types of pedagogical cases appropriate to be used in the process of professional training of future teachers have been elucidated. The authors have presented the peculiarities of implementing testing as one of the types of students’ academic performance. Modern approaches to the use of case technologies in the process of assessment of the professional competence of specialists in different fields have been characterized. The practicability of using case testing as a tool to monitor the knowledge of future teachers in the process of general training has been substantiated. The primary sources for the preparation of teachers’ training case tests (a teaching situation, a piece of a scientific or fiction text, statistical materials, etc.) have been determined. The examples of case tests used in the process of studying pedagogical disciplines for 2nd and 3rd year students in the context of the modules «Pedagogy», «History of Pedagogy» and «Fundamentals of Pedagogical Excellence» have been given. The advantages and disadvantages of using case testing have been analysed in comparison with traditional testing used to determine the level and quality of general training of future teachers.
Best practice for chronic oedema in community settings: what can we learn?
Authors: Cooper-Stanton Garry
Published: December 2020

There are various opportunities and challenges in the delivery of care to those diagnosed with chronic oedema/lymphoedema. Service provision is not consistent within the UK, and non-specialist nurses and other health professionals may be called on to fill the gaps in this area. The latest best practice guidance on chronic oedema is directed at community services that care for people within their own homes in primary care. This guide was developed in order to increase awareness, knowledge and access to an evidence base. Those involved in its creation cross specialist fields (lymphoedema and tissue viability), resulting in the document covering a number of areas, including an explanation of chronic oedema, its assessment and management and the association between chronic oedema and wet legs. The document complements existing frameworks on the condition and its management and also increases the available tools within chronic oedema management in the community. The present article provides an overview of the guidance document and discusses its salient features.
Poisons affecting the skin
Authors: Bates Nicola
Published: December 2020

All homes contain substances capable of causing serious injury if they come into contact with the skin. These substances include detergents, acids and alkalis found in many cleaning products, and petroleum distillates, such as white spirit and petrol. Asphalt used in road surfacing can also cause local effects, particularly if it is still hot when contact occurs. The risk of these chemicals having an effect on the skin is increased if decontamination is delayed. The method of decontamination will depend on the substance involved, but in many cases simple bathing is sufficient. Removal of oily or greasy substances may require the use of a commercial degreaser and sticky material may need to be softened with oil or fat to allow removal. Decontamination after contact with corrosive substances may require prolonged and repeated water irrigation to ensure thorough removal. Another potential source of dermal injury in pets is exposure to psoralen-containing plants such as hogweed, Heracleum spp. in combination with ultraviolet light, which can result in erythema, blistering and dermatitis. In this case, management is supportive with an avoidance of sunlight.
Small animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: December 2020

Summary: Notable papers from other journals this month focus on heart disease in dogs, prognostic markers for certain tumour types in dogs, and cases of Corynebacterium ulcerans in companion animals.
Tackling conflict between humans and leopards in Nepal
Authors: Walter Olivia
Published: December 2020

A new project at Wildlife Vets International aims to better understand the condition and health of leopards in Nepal, with a view to reducing conflict between humans and animals.
#MeToo: avoiding the risk of sexual harassment claims
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: December 2020

Issues relating to sexual harassment in the workplace have not disappeared. Adam Bernstein examines the rise of the#MeToo movement, its impact and what businesses must do to keep their employees safe.
Activities for resident wellbeing
Authors: Hong Chia Swee
Published: December 2020

Keeping residents active is critical to overall health, especially in times where their freedom of movement might be restricted. Chia Swee Hong provides the sixth instalment of his series on resident engagement.
An overview of major research areas in Wire cut EDM on different materials
Authors: CHAITANYA REDDY M. , VENKATA RAO K. VENKATA RAO
Published: December 2020

WEDM (Wire electrical discharge machining) is a precision machining method for cutting electrically conductive materials. It is an unconventional machining process that produces precision parts that match the dimensional tolerances of our designs within the range of ±0.0001mm. As the residual stress results in premature failure of parts, the WEDM is preferred for hard to machine materials such as Inconel, Nickel, and other Super alloys. In the present paper, earlier and recent work was reviewed, segregated and evaluated on the effect of wire material, diameter, dielectric fluid, wire wear, pulse on and off times and machining characteristics such as kerf size, machining efficiency, material surface characteristics, etc. This paper also focused on hybrid and ultrasonic-assisted WEDM used for machining of different materials. This paper discussed the major research studies in WEDM.
Design and analysis of a linear servo-actuated variable-span morphing wing
Authors: HOSSAIN Aynul , WANG Wei , YUE Hailong
Published: December 2020

Morphing aircraft are multi-role aircraft that change their external shape substantially to adapt to a changing mission environment during flight. Current interest in morphing vehicles has been increased by advances in smart technologies such as materials, sensors and actuators. These advances have led to a series of breakthroughs in a wide variety of disciplines that, when fully realized for aircraft applications, have the potential to produce large improvements in aircraft safety, affordability, and environmental compatibility. Morphing wing designs include rotating, sliding and inflating based on shape change mechanisms. The current trend in technology development shows that there is lots to improve with regards to aircraft size, flying range and flight performance envelope. There should be a balance between shape change and the penalties in cost, complexity and weight. Final performance of the morphing aircraft depends heavily on how such balances in design, manufacture and morphing mechanism can be achieved. This paper was an attempt to design and perform a further analysis of an efficient variable span wing for aircraft and fixed wing UAVs.
Comparison of processing speed of typical wavefront reconstruction
methods for lateral shearing interferometry
Authors: Li Peng , Tang Feng , Wang Xiangzhao
Published: December 2020

Lateral shearing interferometry is widely applied in wavefront sensing,
optical components testing, and defect inspection. The procedure of
reconstructing the wavefront is the most specific difference between
lateral shearing interferometry and other classical methods such as
the Fizeau and Twyman interferometers. The speed and accuracy are two
main features to evaluate the performance of one wavefront
reconstruction method. In this work, optimized procedures for three
typical wavefront reconstruction methods—the iterative FFT wavefront
reconstruction method (FFT method), the partial differential
least-squares method (LSQ method), and the difference Zernike
polynomial fitting method (DZF method)—are designed. The calculation
speeds of the three wavefront reconstruction methods are evaluated
with different GPUs and CPUs. According to the test results, the DZF
method is the fastest method both in the GPUs and CPUs. The shortest
processing times of the DZF, FFT, and LSQ methods are 100, 449, and
494 ms, respectively, with the wavefront size of

1024

×
1024

p
i
x
e
l
s

. The calculation speeds of the FFT
method and the LSQ method are similar in the CPUs, and the FFT method
is faster in the GPUs. The relationship between the consumed time and
the wavefront size is an exponential function in the CPUs and a power
function in the GPUs. Generally speaking, GPUs’ processing speeds are
faster than CPUs’. But CPUs can be faster than GPUs when the test
wavefront sizes are smaller than

64

×
64

p
i
x
e
l
s

. Besides, the differences between the
consumed times of different CPUs are relatively smaller than those of
the GPUs.
Inversion of spectral information obtained during hypersonic impact
Authors: Cai Pengcheng , Li Shuang , Shi Jing , Miao Xinhui , Tan Yong , Cai Hongxing
Published: December 2020

A large number of space activities are generating a high amount of undesirable space debris, which causes inevitable damage to spacecraft and satellites. Moreover, the damage assessment of ultrahigh-speed debris is a challenging task that requires both theoretical and ground-level experimental simulations. One should note that the location and damage degree can be preliminarily determined by measuring the impact flash spectrum, which provides basic data for damage assessment. Herein, the radiation spectrum of an ultrahigh-speed collision between plastic projectile and aluminum target is measured by using spectroscopic technology. The surface temperature of the colliding material, electron temperature, and electron density in the plasma are simultaneously retrieved by using a single-frame spectrum. The single-frame spectrum is separated into a continuous spectrum and a line spectrum by using continuous thermal radiation spectrum inversion material interface temperature and line spectrum inversion electron temperature and electron density in the plasma.
Attenuation of waveguide modes in narrow metal capillaries
Authors: Tuev P. V. , Lotov K. V.
Published: December 2020

The channeling of laser pulses in waveguides filled with a rare plasma is one of the promising techniques of laser wakefield acceleration. A solid-state capillary can precisely guide tightly focused pulses. Regardless of the material of the capillary, its walls behave like a plasma under the influence of a high-intensity laser pulse. Therefore, the waveguide modes in the capillaries have a universal structure, which depends only on the shape of the cross-section. Due to the large ratio of the capillary radius to the laser wavelength, the modes in circular capillaries differ from classical TE and TM modes. We consider the structure of capillary modes in a circular capillary, calculate the attenuation rates, discuss the mode expansion of the incident pulse using minimal simplifications, and analyze the accuracy of commonly used approximations. The attenuation length for such modes is two orders of magnitude longer than that obtained from the classical formula, and the incident pulse of the proper radius can transfer up to 98% of its initial energy to the fundamental mode. However, finding eigenmodes in capillaries of arbitrary cross-sections is a complex mathematical problem that remains to be solved.
Characteristics of fork-shaped fringes formed by off-axis interference of two vortex beams
Authors: Ma Jingbo , Li Peng , Zhou Ziheng , Gu Yuzong
Published: December 2020

Fork-shaped fringes are formed for off-axis interference between two oblique-incident vortex beams. New formulas considering various parameters [such as the angles between two vortex beams and their topological charges (TCs)] are established to describe all kinds of fork-shaped fringes. An improved Mach–Zehnder interferometer is employed to investigate these interference fringes. Experimental measurements are consistent with numerical simulations by using our formulas. Our results broaden the understanding of the off-axis interference between two vortex beams, and can be applied to detect the TCs’ sign and value of an unknown vortex beam, especially large-value TCs.
Spatiotemporal model for FRET networks with multiple donors and acceptors: multicomponent exponential decay derived from the master equation
Authors: Nakagawa Masaki , Miyata Yuki , Tate Naoya , Nishimura Takahiro , Shimomura Suguru , Shirasaka Sho , Tanida Jun , Suzuki Hideyuki
Published: December 2020

In networks of spatially distributed fluorescent molecules, Förster
resonance energy transfer (FRET) can simultaneously occur over
multiple locations and times. Such “FRET networks” have great
potential for information-processing and computing applications. To
design these applications, the spatiotemporal behavior of FRET
networks should be understood. However, studies on their
spatiotemporal behavior are scarce. Here, we develop a spatiotemporal
model for FRET networks and uncover its temporal characteristic
behavior. We theoretically show that our model can generate a
distinctive temporal behavior, i.e., the network-induced
multicomponent exponential decay of the fluorescence intensity, even
for FRET networks of fluorophores with an identical single exponential
decay. This theoretical result is supported experimentally using
quantum dots.
Spectral engineering of ultrathin germanium solar cells for combined photovoltaic and photosynthesis
Authors: Osterthun N. , Neugebohrn N. , Gehrke K. , Vehse M. , Agert C.
Published: December 2020

In densely populated areas, ground mounted photovoltaic power plants compete with agriculture for cultivable land. Agrivoltaic systems allow the combination of these two forms of land use by deliberately designed light sharing. In this contribution, we present a spectrally selective solar cell, for use in agrivoltaic systems, greenhouses, and photo-bioreactors. Our concept benefits from a solar cell with a transmission spectrum which can be easily tuned for the specific absorption requirements of algae and plants. This is achieved by a Fabry-Perot-type multilayer resonator as a back reflector, which determines the transmission and absorption spectrum of the solar cell. We demonstrate the extent of how this transmission spectrum can be engineered by varying the layer thicknesses of the reflector and we show how the reflecting metal layers in the back reflector influence the transmission and photocurrent generation of the spectrally selective solar cell. Finally, we analyze the optical loss mechanisms of the solar cell layer stack to address further optimization potential. Our work offers a spectrally selective solar cell which can be easily adjusted for the requirements of combining photovoltaic and photosynthesis.
Generation of visible-wavelength-tunable ultrashort laser pulses through femtosecond laser filamentation in air: strong external focusing effect
Authors: Zhou Yan , Dong Nana , Pang Shanbiao , Li Hanxiao , Deng Lunhua , Wu Jian , Xu Huailiang
Published: December 2020

Wavelength-tunable ultrashort laser pulses in the visible spectral range are generated in a femtosecond laser filament in air through four-wave mixing of an intense 808-nm near-infrared (NIR) laser pulse and a weak tunable infrared (IR: 1.3–2.2 µm) laser pulse. We found that the external focusing geometries strongly influence the four-wave mixing efficiency in air filament. The measurements of the resultant four-wave mixing laser intensity reveal that changing both the tilting angle and the focal length of the focal lens can optimize the four-wave mixing signal. We interpret the process based on the strong influence of the external focusing on the plasma density and the volume of the filament during the filament formation.
Characterization of constitutive ER-phagy of excess membrane proteins
Authors: Lipatova Zhanna , Gyurkovska Valeriya , Zhao Sarah F. , Segev Nava
Published: December 2020

Thirty percent of all cellular proteins are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which spans throughout the cytoplasm. Two well-established stress-induced pathways ensure quality control (QC) at the ER: ER-phagy and ER-associated degradation (ERAD), which shuttle cargo for degradation to the lysosome and proteasome, respectively. In contrast, not much is known about constitutive ER-phagy. We have previously reported that excess of integral-membrane proteins is delivered from the ER to the lysosome via autophagy during normal growth of yeast cells. Whereas endogenously expressed ER resident proteins serve as cargos at a basal level, this level can be induced by overexpression of membrane proteins that are not ER residents. Here, we characterize this pathway as constitutive ER-phagy. Constitutive and stress-induced ER-phagy share the basic macro-autophagy machinery including the conserved Atgs and Ypt1 GTPase. However, induction of stress-induced autophagy is not needed for constitutive ER-phagy to occur. Moreover, the selective receptors needed for starvation-induced ER-phagy, Atg39 and Atg40, are not required for constitutive ER-phagy and neither these receptors nor their cargos are delivered through it to the vacuole. As for ERAD, while constitutive ER-phagy recognizes cargo different from that recognized by ERAD, these two ER-QC pathways can partially substitute for each other. Because accumulation of membrane proteins is associated with disease, and constitutive ER-phagy players are conserved from yeast to mammalian cells, this process could be critical for human health.
Applications of EEG indices for the quantification of human cognitive performance: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ismail Lina Elsherif , Karwowski Waldemar
Published: December 2020

Background

Neuroergonomics combines neuroscience with ergonomics to study human performance using recorded brain signals. Such neural signatures of performance can be measured using a variety of neuroimaging techniques, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and electroencephalography (EEG). EEG has an excellent temporal resolution, and EEG indices are highly sensitive to human brain activity fluctuations.

Objective

The focus of this systematic review was to explore the applications of EEG indices for quantifying human performance in a variety of cognitive tasks at the macro and micro scales. To identify trends and the state of the field, we examined global patterns among selected articles, such as journal contributions, highly cited papers, affiliations, and high-frequency keywords. Moreover, we discussed the most frequently used EEG indices and synthesized current knowledge regarding the EEG signatures of associated human performance measurements.

Methods

In this systematic review, we analyzed articles published in English (from peer-reviewed journals, proceedings, and conference papers), Ph.D. dissertations, textbooks, and reference books. All articles reviewed herein included exclusively EEG-based experimental studies in healthy participants. We searched Web-of-Science and Scopus databases using specific sets of keywords.

Results

Out of 143 papers, a considerable number of cognitive studies focused on quantifying human performance with respect to mental fatigue, mental workload, mental effort, visual fatigue, emotion, and stress. An increasing trend for publication in this area was observed, with the highest number of publications in 2017. Most studies applied linear methods (e.g., EEG power spectral density and the amplitude of event-related potentials) to evaluate human cognitive performance. A few papers utilized nonlinear methods, such as fractal dimension, largest Lyapunov exponent, and signal entropy. More than 50% of the studies focused on evaluating an individual’s mental states while operating a vehicle. Several different methods of artifact removal have also been noted. Based on the reviewed articles, research gaps, trends, and potential directions for future research were explored.

Conclusion

This systematic review synthesized current knowledge regarding the application of EEG indices for quantifying human performance in a wide variety of cognitive tasks. This knowledge is useful for understanding the global patterns of applications of EEG indices for the analysis and design of cognitive tasks.
How children and adults keep track of real information when thinking counterfactually
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Jesica , Ruiz-Ballesteros José Antonio , Moreno-Ríos Sergio
Published: December 2020

Thinking about counterfactual conditionals such as “if she had not painted the sheet of paper, it would have been blank” requires us to consider what is conjectured (She did not paint and the sheet was blank) and what actually happened (She painted and the sheet was not blank). In two experiments with adults (Study 1) and schoolchildren from 7 to 13 years (Study 2), we tested three potential sources of difficulty with counterfactuals: inferring, distinguishing what is real vs conjectured (epistemic status) and comprehending linguistic conditional expressions (“if” vs “even if”). The results showed that neither adults nor schoolchildren had difficulty in the comprehension of counterfactual expressions such as “even if” with respect to “if then”. The ability to infer with both of these develops during school years, with adults showing great ability. However, the third source factor is critical: we found that the key to young children’s difficulty with counterfactual thinking was their inability to differentiate real and conjectured information, while adults showed little difficulty with this.
Determinants of short birth interval among ever married reproductive age women: A community based unmatched case control study at Dessie city administration, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Shimels Hailemeskel Habtamu , Assebe Tesfaye , Alemayehu Tadesse , Belay Demeke Mesfin , Teshome Fentaw , Baye Alemwork , Bayih Wubet Alebachew
Published: December 2020

Background

Short birth interval is a universal public health problem resulting in adverse fetal, neonatal, child and maternal outcomes. In Ethiopia, more than 50% of the overall inter birth spacing is short. However, prior scientific evidence on its determinants is limited and even then findings are inconsistent.

Methods

A community -based unmatched case-control study was employed on 218 cases and 436 controls. Cases were ever married reproductive age women whose last delivery has been in the past five years with birth interval of less than 3 years between the latest two successive live births whereas those women with birth interval of 3–5 years were taken as controls. A multistage sampling technique was employed on 30% of the kebeles in Dessie city administration. A pre-tested interviewer based questionnaire was used to collect data by 16 trained diploma nurses and 8 health extension workers supervised by 4 BSc nurses. The collected data were cleaned, coded and double entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and exported to SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression model was considered and those variables with P<0.25 in the bivariable analysis were entered in to final model after which statistical significance was declared at P< 0.05 using adjusted odds ratio at 95% CI.

Result

In this study, contraceptive use (AOR = 11.2, 95% CI: 5.95–21.15), optimal breast feeding for at least 2 years (AOR = 0.098, 95% CI:0.047–0.208), age at first birth <25 years (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.282–0.761), having male preceding child (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.166–0.793) and knowing the duration of optimum birth interval correctly (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.245–0.811) were significant determinants of short birth interval.

Conclusion

Contraceptive use, duration of breast feeding, age at first birth, preceding child sex and correct understanding of the duration of birth interval were significant determinants of short birth interval. Fortunately, all these significant factors are likely modifiable. Thus, the existing efforts of optimizing birth interval should be enhanced through proper designation and implementation of different strategies on safe breastfeeding practice, modern contraceptive use and maternal awareness about the health merits of optimum birth interval.
A dynamic analysis of the relationship between investor sentiment and stock market realized volatility: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Yanhui , Zhao Hanhui , Li Ziyu , Lu Jinrong
Published: December 2020

Investor sentiment is a research focus in behavior finance. This paper chooses five proxy variables according to China’s reality and uses a two-step principal component analysis to construct an investor sentiment index. The five proxy variables are the number of new stock accounts, turnover ratio, margin balance, net active purchasing amount, and investor attention. In the final part of this study, using the price data from the Shanghai and Shenzhen Security Exchange, this paper investigates the dynamic relationship between investor sentiment and stock market realized volatility based on the thermal optimal path. The empirical results show that when the market fluctuates severely, investor sentiment leads stock market realized volatility over one or two steps. The prediction power is also checked. The results indicate that investor sentiment indeed forecasts the realized volatility. This research supports regulators and financial institutions in taking advanced measures.
A method for evaluating breast cancer screening strategies using screen-preventable loss of life
Authors: Carter Kimbroe J. , Castro Frank , Morcos Roy N.
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study is to describe how screen-preventable loss of life (screen-PLL) can be used to analyze the distribution of life savings with mammographic screening. The determination of screen-PLL with mammography is possible using a natural history model of breast cancer that simulates clinical and pathologic events of this disease. This investigation uses a Monte Carlo Markov model with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; American Cancer Society; and National Vital Statistics System. Populations of one million women per screening strategy are simulated over a lifetime with mammographic screening based on current guidelines of the American Cancer Society (ACS), United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), triennial screening from age 50–70, and no screening. Screen-PLL curves are generated and show guideline performance over a lifetime. The screen-PLL curve with no screening is determined by tumor discovery through clinical awareness and has the highest values of screen-PLL. The ACS and USPSTF strategies demonstrate screen-PLL curves favoring the elderly. The curve for triennial screening is more uniform than the ACS or USPSTF curves but could be improved by adding screen(s) at either end of the 50–70 age range. This study introduces the use of screen-PLL as a tool to improve the understanding of screening guidelines and allowing a more balanced allocation of life savings across an aging population. The method presented shows how screen-PLL can be used to analyze and potentially improve breast cancer screening guidelines.
Survival features, prognostic factors, and determinants of diagnosis and treatment among Iranian patients with pancreatic cancer, a prospective study
Authors: Sheikh Mahdi , Masoudi Sahar , Bakhshandeh Razieh , Moayyedkazemi Alireza , Zamani Farhad , Nikfam Sepideh , Mansouri Masoumeh , Shishavan Neda Ghamarzad , Nikeghbalian Saman , Brennan Paul , Malekzadeh Reza , Pourshams Akram
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Investigating the survival features, and determinants of treatment and stage at presentation in Iran

Methods

461 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PC) were prospectively enrolled from Shariati hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 2011–2018. All patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography scanning, and physical examination. Validated questionnaire was completed for the participants and all were actively followed on monthly basis.

Results

Median survival time was 6.5 months, and 1-, and 5-year survival rates were 26.2%, and 1.5%. Patients who were older (p<0.001), illiterate (p = 0.004), unmarried (p = 0.003), rural inhabitant (p = 0.013), opium user (p = 0.039), and had lower body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.002) had lower overall survival. Tumors located in the head of pancreas were more commonly diagnosed at lower stages (p<0.001). Only 10.4% of patients underwent surgery who were more commonly educated (p<0.001), married (p = 0.005), had a tumor located in the head of pancreas (p = 0.016), and were diagnosed at lower stages (p<0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders and risk factors, rural inhabitance (HR: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.01–1.74)), having more symptoms (HR for each increasing symptom: 1.06 (1.02–1.11)), using opium (HR: 1.51 (1.04–2.20)), having a tumor located in the body of pancreas (HR: 1.33 (1.02–1.75)), and having an advanced tumor stage (HR: 2.07 (1.34–3.19)) remained significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. After the adjusting for potential confounders, we did not find significant relationships between smoking, alcohol intake, and BMI with the risk of death among patients with pancreatic cancer.

Conclusions

Iranian patients with PC have very poor long-term survival. Besides tumor’s stage and location, socioeconomic disparities could affect the probabilities of receiving treatment and/or survival in these patients. Opium use is an independent risk factor for mortality among PC patients in Iran.
La representación de la mujer en la prensa española durante la campaña electoral al Parlamento Europeo de mayo de 2019
Authors: Vicente Tena Lidia
Published: December 2020

El siguiente artículo parte de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la representación de la mujer en la información publicada durante la campaña electoral europea en los tres diarios más leídos en España (El País, El Mundo y La Vanguardia). Se trata de un estudio que conecta con la investigación clásica en el campo del periodismo, centrada en el análisis de la información como mecanismo de construcción social. La primera parte del artículo presenta el marco teórico sobre la influencia de los medios de comunicación en la sociedad y el análisis crítico del discurso, que propone investigar la desigualdad social entre géneros expresada, señalada, constituida y legitimada por los medios. A continuación, se realiza un estudio general de la evolución y particularidades de las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo, para, finalmente, presentar los resultados y conclusiones de la investigación.
Barreras para el ocio, estrategias de negociación y formas de resistencias en las danzas de tango y samba gafieira. Un estudio exploratorio en tres ciudades latinoamericanas
Authors: Álvarez Seara José Manuel , Monteagudo María Jesús , Chaves Elisângela
Published: December 2020

Este artículo analiza las barreras, negociaciones y formas de resistencia habidas durante la práctica y/o aprendizaje de danzas de salón (tango y samba de gafieira), en tres ciudades latinoamericanas (Buenos Aires, Montevideo y São Paulo). En dichas danzas se reproducen estereotipos de género, reflejo de una hegemonía heteronormativa socialmente muy arraigada. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar formas de resistencia y estrategias de negociación con las que las personas, en general, y los colectivos LGBTIQ afrontan las barreras derivadas de los estereotipos de género a la hora de bailar. El trabajo se apoya en un diseño metodológico cualitativo, basado en el estudio de casos múltiples. Los resultados confirman que las barreras asociadas a estereotipos de género dificultan el acceso, participación y disfrute de estos bailes, como prácticas de ocio. Las personas afectadas reaccionan ante las barreras y buscan estrategias de negociación, con el fin de sortearlas, eliminarlas o mitigar sus efectos. La resistencia es una de ellas.
Bad Mothers and Strange Offspring: Images of Scrubfowl and Sea Turtles in Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Forth Gregory
Published: December 2020

One way birds communicate knowledge to humans and facilitate communication among humans is through metaphors. A recent book discusses animal metaphors, nearly a third of which employ birds as vehicles, used by the Nage people of Flores Island (eastern Indonesia). As applied to human beings and human behaviors, bird metaphors reveal considerable overlap with other animal metaphors; thus, a full understanding of these requires additional attention to the metaphoric or more generally symbolic value of other sorts of non-human animals. Emphasizing how knowledge of birds is shaped in some degree by an extra-cultural empirical experience of the creatures, the present discussion explores similar representations of a bird, the scrubfowl, and a marine reptile, the sea turtle, among people in several parts of Flores.
Saving the Greater Adjutant Stork by Changing Perceptions and Linking to Assamese Traditions in India
Authors: Barman Purnima Devi , Sharma D. K. , Cockrem John F. , Malakar Mamani , Kakati Bibekananda , Melvin Tracy
Published: December 2020

The Greater Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos dubius), locally known as Hargila (the bone swallower) is an endangered bird with an estimated global population of less than 1200. Habitat loss, poisoning, and poaching have caused large declines in populations of this stork in South Asia, with the Brahmaputra valley in Assam in northeastern India now the last stronghold for the species. The stork nests colonially in privately owned trees within thickly populated villages. Tree owners would cut down trees to prevent rotten food and excreta of this carnivorous bird from falling into their backyards. A change in attitudes of the nest-tree owners towards keeping their trees and towards Greater Adjutants has been the key to stork conservation. A conservation project involving community development, education and outreach, interlinking storks with local traditions and cultures, and capacity building of local communities was initiated in 2007. A rural women's conservation group named the Hargila Army was instituted and strong feelings of pride and ownership for the storks by the villagers have been generated. Cash incentives for nest protection were deliberately avoided, with schemes that indirectly contribute to the livelihoods of nest-tree owners and other villagers introduced instead. The success of the conservation program is shown by the increase in the number of nesting colonies in the village area of Dadara, Pachariya, and Singimari in Kamrup District in Assam from 28 nests in 2007–08 to 208 nests in the 2019–20 breeding season, making this the largest breeding colony of Greater Adjutant Storks in the world.
Az abduktív menedzsmenttől a tudáskormányzásig = From abductive management to knowledge governance
Authors: Z. Karvalics László
Published: December 2020

Hogyan juthat az ember helyes döntésekig egy adott területre (mikroverzumra) vonatkozó mély, belsővé tett tudás birtokában anélkül, hogy következtetne? Az abduktivitás fogalmának körüljárása után öt hüvelykujjszabályt fogalmaz meg a szerző az abdukció működéséről, majd összekapcsolja azt a vezetői munkával, tudáskormányzási kontextusban. Ebből kiindulva a globális munkatérelmélet (Global Workspace Theory) alkalmazásával a vezetők vagy az organizmusként felfogott szervezetek abduktív kapacitásának fejlesztési lehetőségeit vizsgálja. Befejezésül egy hatlépéses, a szervezeti szintű abduktivitásra rákérdező speciális tudásaudit-módszertan rövid kifejtésére vállalkozik, két esettanulmány vázlatos bemutatásával. _____ How to make right decisions without any inferences, thanks to interiorized, deep knowledge on the given field (micro verse)? After defining the concept of abductivity, the author presents five thumbnail-like rules about the nature of abductivity, combining it with leadership aspects and knowledge governance approach. He introduces a method supporting the development of abductive capability of a leader or an organization as a whole, using the Global Works pace Theory. Finally, the author tries to briefly formulate six steps of an organization-level knowledge governance audit framework, illustrating its relevance with two short case studies.
TECNOLOGIAS E PROCESSOS COGNITIVOS
Authors: Ramos Daniela K. , Melo Hiago Murilo de
Published: December 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos da interação com as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) na percepção de acadêmicos de cursos de licenciatura sobre seu desempenho cognitivo, com ênfase nos processos de atenção, resolução de problemas e habilidade de comunicação. Para tanto, realizou-se um pesquisa quantitativa ex-post facto, por meio da aplicação de um questionário em uma amostra de 619 graduandos de licenciatura. Nas análises identificaram-se correlações positivas de fraca intensidade entre a autopercepção de atenção, a capacidade de resolução de problemas e a qualidade de comunicação com as experiências anteriores de uso das mídias no ensino e no cotidiano.
USOS DO CONCEITO DE PEDAGOGIAS CULTURAIS PARA ALÉM DOS OCEANOS
Authors: Bortolazzo Sandro
Published: December 2020

O conceito de Pedagogias Culturais assinala o quanto são produtivos os modos como as pedagogias se imbricam às práticas culturais para conduzir os sujeitos do presente. Esta pesquisa investiga os usos das Pedagogias Culturais no Brasil e na Austrália empregando como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica, com foco nos estudos conduzidos por Andrade e Costa (2015) e Watkins et al (2015). O argumento da proposta expõe em que medida as análises brasileiras e australianas sobre as Pedagogias Culturais se aproximam ou se distanciam. A incidência de aspectos pedagógicos em diversas práticas culturais tais como visitas a museus, passeios noturnos ou aulas de yoga, despontam as Pedagogias Culturais enquanto uma ferramenta teórica móvel, global e inscrita em estratégias, sempre renovadas e atualizadas, orientadas a conduzir os sujeitos na contemporaneidade.
CONSTITUIÇÃO DO SUJEITO LEITOR PELA VIA DA CONTAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIAS
Authors: Oliveira Rosemary Lapa , Santos Luciene Souza
Published: December 2020

Este artigo resulta de ações desenvolvidas em componente de curso de pós-graduação de 45h, buscamos ouvir dezenove estudantes sobre a sua formação leitora e como ouvinte de histórias, dialogando com sua experiência docente, buscando entender: qual a constituição leitora de mediadores de leitura? Para alcançar resposta a essa pergunta, a escuta sensível foi usada como dispositivo metodológico de produção das informações, registradas em diário de campo, além da escrita individual de memorial. O objetivo geral foi descrição de mediações que se estabelecem em sala de aula no processo de enleituramento através da oralidade da contação de histórias. Os resultados apontaram para reflexões pedagógicas de abordagem da oralidade como prática em aulas com crianças, jovens, adultos e idosos. A pesquisa teve ancoragem principalmente em: Soares (2004); Orlandi (2003) e Oliveira (2018).
PERFIL DAS PROFESSORAS DE EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL ITINERANTES DOS MUNICIPIOS DO PIEMONTE DA DIAMANTINA – BAHIA
Authors: Silva Osni Oliveira Noberto da , Miranda Theresinha Guimarães , Bordas Miguel Angel Garcia
Published: December 2020

Este artigo teve como objetivo conhecer o perfil dos professores de Educação Especial que atuam com o AEE, de forma itinerante nos municípios do Piemonte da Diamantina/BA. Foi utilizado um questionário aplicado a seis professoras. Os dados mostram que todas são mulheres casadas, autodeclaradas pardas, com idades entre 32 e 47 anos. Possuem entre 5 a 25 anos de trabalho na educação básica e de 1 a 10 anos no AEE. Metade é concursada e a outra metade é prestadora de serviço terceirizado. Todas são graduadas em nível superior e a maioria possuem cursos de Especialização. Chegam a gastar de uma a 5 horas diárias com atividades que acabam levando pra casa. De forma geral a relação com os outros sujeitos do ambiente escolar e educacional foi considerada positiva.
DESAFIOS PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS TRANSGRESSORAS RUMO AO BRASIL PROFUNDO E DESCOLONIAL
Authors: Veiga Júnior Álvaro , Accorssi Aline , Silveira Anelise Fernandes
Published: December 2020

Neste ensaio procuramos cogitar caminhos para a descolonização do pensamento no âmbito da educação e da pesquisa. Embasadas na perspectiva epistemológica descolonial, refletimos sobre diferentes aspectos que ilustram a crise do paradigma dominante no campo da ciência e da sociedade. Aliás, o próprio conceito de Brasil Profundo nos convida a (re)pensar as relações decorridas do imperialismo e da modernidade visando à construção de um mundo mais digno e seguro, que reconheça e respeite todas as existências. Avançamos, assim, problematizando percepções ou narrativas históricas sobre a construção da identidade e da cultura brasileira. E, por fim, sinalizamos a urgência de se produzir práticas transgressoras, por meio da educação popular e da ecologia de saberes, mas também através de pesquisas com métodos inovadores, reconhecendo e, sobretudo, valorizando razões oprimidas e subalternizadas.
POLÍTICA MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DE BALNEÁRIO CAMBORIÚ
Authors: Rockett Ananda Nocchi
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como foco a trajetória de construção da Política Municipal de Educação Ambiental (PMEA), de Balneário Camboriú-SC. O objetivo geral foi compreender o processo de construção da PMEA. Especificamente: interpretar os documentos e as narrativas das educadoras ambientais quanto à criação da PMEA; e compreender as concepções das educadoras sobre o Programa de Educação Ambiental Terra Limpa (PTL), considerando as linhas de atuação da PMEA. Os diálogos tiveram o apoio de Sauvé (2013), Sato (2001), Pereira (2016) e Loureiro (2004). A hermenêutica orientou a interpretação dos dados. Pode-se depreender que o PTL é uma política pública colocada em prática, e por meio dele a sociedade e o governo podem elencar os problemas e traçar estratégias para solucioná-los.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE UMA ESCOLA QUILOMBOLA NA COMUNIDADE DE CASCA/RS
Authors: Paixão Cassiane de Freitas , Da silva Rosana Severo
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo busca, mediante a apresentação de uma escola localizada no Quilombo de Casca, no Rio Grande do Sul, apresentar tanto a história da escola quilombola, quanto as experiências e práticas escolares nesse contexto, trazendo questionamentos sobre como a escola é percebida na comunidade. A construção do texto apresenta certos questionamentos que envolvem a comunidade quilombola de Casca e que indicam as percepções da própria comunidade com relação à escola, tanto no que se refere aos projetos trabalhados ao longo do ano na escola, como a formação e professoras e professores para pensar as diretrizes curriculares quilombolas. Também são apresentados autores para fundamentar a educação quilombola e conhecer as diretrizes curriculares quilombolas.
GEOGRAFIA E POVOS INDÍGENAS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DOS DOCUMENTOS NORMATIVOS DA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR INDÍGENA
Authors: Sousa Elson Mateus Monteiro , Oliveira Neto Adolfo da Costa
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender como a geografia tem sido incluída nos documentos normativos da educação escolar indígena. Prioriza-se, na análise aqui desenvolvida, o recorte histórico pós-1988, quando emerge o modelo intercultural-bilíngue, que tem se consolidado nas recentes décadas dentro da agenda dos movimentos indígenas no Brasil. Metodologicamente, parte-se de uma abordagem de estudo quantitativa e qualitativa com pesquisa documental e revisão bibliométrica, culminando na análise dos principais documentos desta modalidade de educação. De acordo com a análise efetuada, a geografia, no atual modelo intercultural, tem sido caracterizada por um forte apelo aos conceitos de território e territorialidade, bem como na utilização da cartografia como um eixo transversal da geografia nesta modalidade de educação, conforme previsto no Referencial Curricular Nacional para as Escolas Indígenas (RCNEI).