bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and Nutrient Removal by Pickling Cucumbers1
Authors: McCollum R. E. , Miller C. H.
Published: August 2022

At a fertilizer rate of 80-42-80 lb of N-P-K per acre, dry matter production by pickling cucumbers through the normal fruiting period totaled 2,800 lb/A, and marketable yields (about 33% of the total dry matter) were in the order of 100,000 fruit/A (10 tons fresh weight). Total N, P, and Κ uptake was 90, 12, and 145 lb/A, respectively, and nutrient removal in the harvested fruit was estimated at 40 lb N, 6 lb P, and 55 lb Κ per acre. The maximum rate of growth and nutrient accumulation occurred about 50 days after seeding.
The Effect of Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethyl Hydrazide On the Anatomy of Tagetes erecta L.1
Authors: McConnell Dennis B. , Struckmeyer B. Esther
Published: August 2022

Succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl hydrazide (Alar)2 was applied as 3 weekly foliar sprays at concentrations of 0, 1000, and 2000 ppm to ‘Sovereign’, an Fj cultivar of Tagetes erecta L., grown in a complete nutrient supply under long and short day photoperiods. Plants were sampled for anatomical study one week later. Treated plants grown under long days had thicker leaves and a larger root diameter. In short days, the capitula of treated plants were one-half the size of the untreated ones. The amount of phloem fibers in treated plants was less and cortical and pith cells were shorter in both photoperiods. Alar affected cell wall formation and the phloem fibers in the stems were thinner walled and less sclerified.
The Selection of the Potassium Index in Papaya Tissue Analysis1
Authors: Awada M. , Long C.
Published: August 2022

Fruiting papaya trees (Carica papaya L. cv. Solo), grown on “aa” lava soil at Puna, Hawaii, were supplied K fertilizer at rates of 0, .208, and .519 lb. K/tree/6 weeks. Leaves at 2 stages of maturity were sampled for K analysis. The method of curvilinear regression was used to relate leaf K to yield of papaya.

The multiple correlation coefficients obtained from the curvilinear regressions of yield on K were high with all tissues. Because the recently matured petiole had been selected previously as the N and P index tissue, and because good relationship was obtained in the present study, this tissue was also selected as the K index tissue. The critical concentration in this tissue was 3.61% K on the dry weight basis. At the adequate level of K. fruit weight and fruit soluble solids content were greater than at the deficiency level. At the excess level, fruit weight was unchanged while the soluble solids content increased compared with fruit at the adequate level.
Influence of Sublethal Concentrations of 2, 4-D on Tomatoes and Tomato Juice1
Authors: Carlin Agnes Frances , Huang Tang T. , Weigle Jack L.
Published: August 2022

Tomato plants, cvs. Campbell 1327 in 1967 and Heinz 1350 in 1968, were grown in 6 plastic greenhouses (2,4-D added, filtered or ambient atmospheres) and outside plots.

The effect of 2,4-D added application on the yield and appearance of tomatoes was observed. Measurements were made of total solids content, color, amount of pigment and pH of juice from the tomatoes. Flavor of juice was evaluated by a trained laboratory taste panel.

Although plants in greenhouses with 2,4-D added tended to produce fewer, but larger, fruit than the other treatments, no significant differences were found among the treatments on yield of fruit per plant. But pH, color, beta-carotene, total pigment and flavor of juice were not affected. The lycopene content was similar for the tomato juices from fruit grown in the various greenhouses. But the juice from tomatoes grown in outside plots had a lycopene content significantly lower than that from tomatoes grown in greenhouses. The trace level of 2,4-D used had a significant effect (P<0.005) on total solids content of the juice.
Metabolism of Pyrazon in Susceptible Species and Inbred Lines of Tolerant Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Stephenson G. R. , Baker L. R. , Ries S. K.
Published: August 2022

Pyrazon (5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone) was readily metabolized to the N-glucosyl derivative of pyrazon (N-2-chloro-4-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone glucosamine) in red beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Detroit Dark Red), but there was no metabolism of pyrazon in the 8 susceptible species examined. In leaf discs from 9 inbred lines of red beet, the percent conversion of pyrazon to the N-glucoside ranged from 44% to 76% after 10 hr. In 2 lines of red beet treated with 2 concentrations of pyrazon in nutrient culture, there was a direct relationship between the rate of pyrazon metabolism and plant tolerance.
Inheritance in Pisum sativum L. of a Symptomless Response to Infection by Pea Streak Virus1
Authors: Baggett J. R. , Lin J. D. , Hampton R. O.
Published: August 2022

Pea cultivars may be severely or mildly affected (susceptible), or completely symptomless (resistant) when infected with an Oregon isolate of PSV. Infected plants of susceptible and resistant cultivars contained substantial virus concentrations which were not consistently related to symptom severity. The severity of symptoms in inoculated plants and the numbers of plants showing symptoms differed in various tests, apparently in response to changes in environment and the virulence of the virus. When apparent maximum symptom expression occurred, it was shown that the highest degree of resistance was due to a single recessive gene. Deviations from the expected ratio of 3 susceptible: 1 resistant (symptomless) were always the result of excess symptomless plants, probably because of combinations of effects of the environment, modifying genes from one or both parents, and in the later phases of the study, a reduced virus virulence. Observations and limited tests suggested that symptom development was promoted by conditions which were unfavorable for optimum plant growth.
Evaluation of the Potassium Nutrient Status of Seedling Lettuce by Plant Analysis1
Authors: Berry Wade L. , Carey Richard
Published: August 2022

Lettuce seedlings were grown in a modified Hoagland’s solution at concentrations of 0.03 to 8.0 mM/liter of K. In the low K solutions the lettuce seedlings developed K deficiency symptoms which were atypical in that chlorosis followed by random necrotic lesions were the predominant symptoms while the typical symptom of marginal scorch did not develop. Tissue levels of K in 13 day-old deficient seedlings (thinning stage of development) dropped to a low of 0.3% K. The critical level for the evaluation of the K nutrient status in the conductive, lamina, and root tissue were respectively: 2, 1.8 and 1.3% K on a dry wt basis. Seedling lettuce was reduced in yield (weight) when the concentration of K remaining in the culture solution at harvest time was less than 0.01 mMK and they were unable to reduce the concentration of K below 0.001 mMK.
Analysis of Low Temperature Stimulation of Floral Initiation in Poinsettia cv. Paul Mikkelsen1
Authors: Hackett Wesley P. , Kofranek Anton M.
Published: August 2022

The floral initiation response of ‘Paul Mikkelsen’ poinsettia to low temperature under long days was saturated after exposure to constant temperatures of 60°F for 10 days. Low temperature was perceived by the shoots but not the roots. As has been reported by others, high temperatures (80°F) during and after short days inhibited floral initiation. Gibberellin A3 was an effective inhibitor of low temperature stimulated floral initiation under long days and Cycocel promoted flowering under long days at 70°F but not at 80°. Neither light source nor intensity greatly influenced low temperature stimulated floral initiation. These findings are discussed in relation to a possible mechanism by which low temperatures stimulate floral initiation in this short day plant and in relation to cultural practices.
Minimum Cost Locations for the Frozen Green Pea Industry in the U. S.1
Authors: Greig W. Smith , Heifner Richard G.
Published: August 2022

A mathematical analysis of optimum locations for frozen green pea processing was conducted. Inputs to the model included: raw product costs, procurement costs, economies of scale in freezing and freezer storage, labor costs, fuel and electrical costs, state, local and federal taxes, length of the pea processing season, length of the total processing season, weighted regional consumption by state, and transportation costs to market centers (states). Analytical procedures used Stollsteimer’s method for number and sizes of plants combined with a transhipment model to compare regions.

The results suggest that the numbers of processing plants within an area are significantly less important than cost differentials between areas. The models developed were sensitive to changes in many costs – raw product costs, wage rates, length of season, allocation of overhead, freight costs, and in some states, state and local taxes.

The optimum solution called for a few large plants in each of the Eastern, Midwestern and Western regions. The Washington-Oregon-Idaho complex would predominate with approximately 59 percent of total production, followed by Maryland-Delaware with 14 percent and Wisconsin with 10 percent.
Inheritance of Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Hartmann Richard W.
Published: August 2022

Although previous workers reported that root-knot nematode resistance was controlled by 2 pairs of genes, there were more than 1/16 resistant plants in an F2 population from ‘Alabama No. 1’ (resistant) crossed with ‘Hawaiian Wonder’ (susceptible). The evaluation of F3 families showed that the excess of resistant individuals was not due to escapes. The 2-gene hypothesis was insufficient to account for the segregation patterns in the F3 families, but they could be explained on a 3-gene basis. The simplest genetic explanation is that there are at least 3 pairs of genes which are equal in their action, but a certain minimum number of genes for susceptibility are necessary before all resistance is lost.
Sterility of Some Interspecific Allium Hybrids1
Authors: McCollum Gilbert D.
Published: August 2022

Seed set on the interspecific hybrids Allium cepa X A. galanthum and A. cepa X A. pskemense was very low, generally less than 0.5% of the theoretical maximum 6 germinative seeds per flower, compared with the set on the species which ranged from about 20% to 50% after open pollination. Allium cepa cannot therefore be said to be freely interfertile with either A. galanthum or A. pskemense. Although most of the progeny of open-pollinated F1’s as sterile as the F1’s themselves, a few plants showed were slightly improved fertility.
Chlorophyll Content of Persistent-Green and Normal Snap Bean Pods (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Mayland H. F. , Dean Leslie L.
Published: August 2022

Chlorophyll concns decreased rapidly as pods matured from the 1-day-old fruit stage. Total chlorophyll a + b per pod was influenced by pod length as well as pigment concn. Apparent chlorophyll synthesis occurred in field-grown green snap bean fruits up to 11-mm diam pods (sieve size 5 or 6), but a net decrease occurred with further maturation. Dry-mature persistent-green pods contained 300 ppm chlorophyll on a dry matter basis, whereas normal-green pods had none. Lack of consistent agreement between visual and chemical methods to rank cultivars for pod color suggested differences in chlorophyll distribution in external versus internal tissue.
Relative Survival of Seven Gladiolus Cultivars After Field Exposure to Fusarium oxysporum f. gladioli1
Authors: Pryor R. L.
Published: August 2022

Seven cultivars of gladiolus were evaluated for survival in mixed and separate plots exposed to Fusarium oxysporum over a period of 6 years. In mixed plantings the most resistant cultivars became the dominant survivors within 5 years. Cultivars planted separately (A) showed highly significant differences for wt of corms and cormels, number of cormels, and the number of flower spikes produced each year. Survival and production of these cultivars under field conditions were correlated with resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Mixed plots (B) showed a highly significant shift in flower spike production toward resistant cultivars.
Hormone-Directed Transport of Certain Organic Compounds in Malus sylvestris Seedlings1
Authors: Hatch A. H. , Powell L. E.
Published: August 2022

Indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellins A4 + A7 (GA4&7) and benzyladenine (BA) were applied to apple seedlings to determine their influence on movement or translocation of 14C-sorbitol, 14C-glycine, 14C-naphthaleneacetic acid (14C-NAA), 3H-gibberellin A1 (3H-GA), and 14C-kinetin. The materials mobilized 14C-sorbitol in an acropetal direction, but only after root competition had been eliminated by steam girdling. A mixture of the 3 growth substances brought about mobilization of 14C-glycine acropetally that was greatly enhanced after root competition had been eliminated. 14C-NAA was not mobilized acropetally or basipetally by GA4&7, and/or BA. BA mobilized 3H-GA1 acropetally and mobilization was enhanced by the addition of IAA. A mixture of IAA and BA also mobilized 3H-GA1 basipetally. An acropetal movement of 14C-kinetin was induced only with a mixture of GA4&7 and IAA.
Maturation, Fruit Size, and Yield of Tomatoes Treated Before Harvest with (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid1
Authors: Splittstoesser Walter E. , Vandemark Joseph S.
Published: August 2022

In a 2-year field study, direct-seeded and transplanted tomato cvs. (Heinz 1350, Heinz 1439, Manalucie, Roma) were treated with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) when 10% of the fruit was pink. Ethephon promoted ripening when it was applied to the leaves only, to the fruit only or to the entire plant. Ethephon induced yellowing of the leaves, accelerated ripening 10 days, and concentrated the bulk of the total yield into this harvest. Ethephon induced smaller immature fruit to mature and ripen and thus reduced the average individual fruit weight of harvestable fruit from the large fruited ‘Manalucie’ but not other cultivars.
Performance and Moisture Use of Apricot Trees Under Runoff Farming1
Authors: Spiegel-Roy P. , Evenari M. , Mazig D.
Published: August 2022

Soil moisture use, shoot growth, fruit size, and yield of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) trees (cv. Hatif de Colomer) were measured under flood water-spreading conditions in the desert. Root distribution was estimated from interpretation of soil moisture data. A highly significant correlation was found between pooled values of past and current seasons' water depletion values and current season's yield. Relative maximum water depletion (on a daily use basis) occurred during fruit maturation. Maximum trunk growth occurred in spring. In some seasons a second, small peak occurred in the autumn.

Shoot growth usually terminated by the beginning of June, and maximum trunk rate growth was usually (except in 1967) attained shortly thereafter.

Trees survived the extremely dry 1968 season (no flood, and only 80 mm of rain), with partial recovery in shoot growth and yield and full recovery in trunk growth during the subsequent year.

Moisture depletion under the trees, per 1000 m2, during the active period of the trees (March to end of September) was only 26 mm in 1968, about 100 mm in 1966, 106 mm in 1967 and 146 mm in 1969. Yields per tree (26 trees per 1000 m2) ranged from 1.4 kg (in 1970) to 27.4 kg (in 1967).

The central cylinder around the tree (2 meters in diam) accounted for the highest relative use of water in comparison with other annuli extending around the tree.
Peach Fruit Deformation Induced with 2-(m-Chlorophenoxy)-Propionamide1
Authors: Inoue H. , Bukovac M. J.
Published: August 2022

Fruit deformation, characterized by excessive enlargement, together with early coloring and premature softening of the ventral side, was observed in peach when 2-(m-chlorophenoxy)-propionamide (CPA) was applied for fruit thinning. The early maturing cvs., Garnet Beauty, and Sunhaven, were affected to a greater extent than ‘Redhaven’, ‘Richhaven’ and ‘Redskin’. The incidence of fruit deformation in ‘Redhaven’ was related to size of fruit at time of CPA treatment, a high incidence being observed when fruit were greater than 20 mm in length at time of treatment. Malformation was attributed to increased cell size in the mesocarp tissue at the suture region.
Characterization of Anthocyanin Pigments in Three Cultivars of Garden Canna1
Authors: Ashtakala S. S. , Maloney R. J.
Published: August 2022

The 3 cultivars of garden Canna, ‘The President’ (red), ‘Dorothy’ (pink) and ‘Copper Giant’ (orange) contain cyanidin 3-rutinoside as the major anthocyanin pigment, which was confirmed by chromatographic and spectral methods, partial hydrolysis and controlled oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate. The differences in color seemed to be related to the concn of this pigment in the 3 cultivars.
Relationships Between Fruit Acidity and Soluble Solids Levels of Highbush Blueberry Clones and Fruit Keeping Quality1
Authors: Galletta G. J. , Ballinger W. E. , Monroe R. J. , Kushman L. J.
Published: August 2022

Fruit of 104 clones and 75 seedlings of highbush blueberries were assayed for acidity, soluble solids, and keeping quality. From this group, 9 clones were selected to represent 4 extreme soluble solids and acid classes. These 9 clones were harvested over 2 years at 2 North Carolina locations. The previously reported relationships between high fruit acidity (Ac) or low soluble solids-to-acid ratio (SS/Ac) and high keeping quality (low DK) were extended from a few cultivars to a population of representative blueberry genotypes. Approximately 80% of the decay variability can be accounted for by various soluble solids and acid measures indicating that a soluble solids and acid measure would be useful to the breeder for segregating clones into those of poor, intermediate and good keeping quality. Suggested clonal discriminatory Ac, SS/Ac and pH x SS levels were proposed, and the possibility of field screening of blueberry clones for keeping quality potential was examined.
The Marketing System for Fresh Winter Vegetables—Prices and Performance1
Authors: Bohall Robert W.
Published: August 2022

Pricing performance in the marketing systems for lettuce, carrots and tomatoes was found to be generally consistent with models based on the competitive model in space, time, and form. Weekly prices at various f.o.b. shipping points and 12 selected wholesale terminal markets moved together throughout the winter seasons of 1966-68. Gross margins (the difference between shipping point and wholesale terminal market prices) were related to distance, the perishability of the vegetable, and the wholesale terminal market price.

At shipping point, weekly prices of vegetables were functions of the quantity available. In addition, temp and rainfall variables as proxies for disease and size were significantly related to prices as was the quantity of vegetables marketed during the previous 2 weeks. The analysis indicated adjustments in institutions and market information systems may be needed. Results with tomatoes were less satisfactory than with lettuce and carrots because of the complexity of the tomato market in the form dimensions.
The Effect of Kinetin on Anthocyanin Formation in Green Harvested Olive Fruits1
Authors: Shulman Y. , Lavee S.
Published: August 2022

Kinetin was found to induce anthocyanin formation in green ‘Manzanillo’ olives and to promote softening slightly. A concn effect in promoting the pigment was found up to 50 ppm. The duration of kinetin treatment affected the amount of anthocyanin formed. The kinetin effect on anthocyanin formation appeared to be independent of that on softening.
High Humidity Storage of Carrots, Parsnips, Rutabagas, and Cabbage1
Authors: van den Berg L. , Lentz C. P.
Published: August 2022

Long-term storage tests with carrots, parsnips, rutabagas, and cabbage showed that at 98 to 100% relative humidity (RH), decay in these commodities was either less than or about the same as at 90 to 95% RH, while moisture loss was considerably less and the produce remained crisper, firmer, and of better color at the higher humidity. The optimum storage temperature for minimizing decay was 0 to 1°C. Cabbage stored in 1% O2 with 5% CO2 had less decay and remained greener than cabbage stored in air or in other modified atmospheres with up to 10% O2 and 11% CO2. Limited tests with up to 1-1/2-ton samples of rutabagas and carrots confirmed the small-scale (1 bushel) tests and, for rutabagas, yielded information on temperature variations and air movement within bins.
Studies of Tomatoes Selected for Rate of Emergence in Normal and Stress Seeding Environments1
Authors: Stern J. A. , Peirce L. C.
Published: August 2022

Tomato plants selected for rapid (early) emergence in several germination environments revealed small but statistically significant gains in maturity and fruit size. Even more significant was the interaction of selection time with germination environment and with entry. It was concluded that while some genetic gain might result from seedling selection, the seeding treatments utilized in this trial would not enhance this gain. The interaction with entry indicated a lack of consistent directed response.
Analysis of Stress Distribution in the Sapling Tree Trunk1
Authors: Leiser Andrew T. , Kemper John D.
Published: August 2022

The stress distribution in a sapling tree trunk (thin tapered beam under high degree of deflection) was determined mathematically by a computer and subsequently verified by actual trunk samples. This analysis showed that stress was minimal and was most uniformly distributed when the dimensionless variable, taper parameter (kL), was approximately −0.60 (where no taper = 0.00 and maximum taper = −1.00). Further experiments demonstrated that the young sapling tree grown without stakes or pruning developed such that a tree loaded at a single point corresponding to taper parameter −0.60 bent in a similar manner to that tree bent by wind loading. The implications relative to cultural practices in the nursery are discussed.
Transport of Arginine and α-Aminoisobutyric Acid from Cotyledon to Axis in Germinating Phaseolus lunatus1
Authors: Abdul-Baki Aref A. , Kumar Srivastava Ashwani
Published: August 2022

The transport of arginine and α-aminoisobutyric acid from the cotyledon to the axis of Phaseolus lunatus L. was followed during a 4-day germination. Transport of both amino acids to the axis was slow during the first 2 days and increased rapidly during the third and fourth days of germination. Both amino acids accumulated in the axis of viable seeds. Alpha-aminoisobutyric acid was not metabolized by the cotyledon or axis, whereas arginine was rapidly fixed by both tissues into protein. Percent incorporation of arginine into protein was lower in the cotyledon than in the axis. Rapid synthesis of proteins in the cotyledon appears to limit transport and availability of amino acids to the axis. No transport or accumulation of α-aminoisobutyric acid was observed in seeds that lost germinability through accelerated aging.
Identification of Maximum Sensitivity of Developing Apple Fruits to Naphthaleneacetic Acid1
Authors: Leuty S. J.
Published: August 2022

Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) thinning sprays applied at appropriate intervals and dosage levels to 3 apple cultivars, verified the existence of a critical stage during which developing fruitlets were maximally sensitive. Average fruit diameter accurately identified NAA-sensitivity, but the index varied among cultivars. Polynomial regression analyses revealed a direct relationship between diameters of individual fruit samples and thinning response for each experimental unit. NAA-induced fruit abscission was usually maximal 2 to 3 days prior to the onset of cytokinesis in the endosperm. Cell wall formation did not invariably signify an end to the induction of significant abscission.
Chromosome Numbers and Karyotypes of Some Manihot Species1
Authors: Umanah E. E. , Hartmann R. W.
Published: August 2022

The chromosome numbers of both Manihot esculenta Crantz and M. glaziovii Muell.–Arg. were found to be 2n = 36. The karyotypes of the two species are similar. Two pairs of satellited chromosomes are reported for the first time for both species. Meiosis was normal in pollen mother cells; the 18 bivalents at MI disjoined regularly at AI. We suggest that these Manihot species are allopolypoids with a basic chromosome number of x = 9.
Aggregate Effects of Nutrients and Gibberellic Acid on ‘Valencia’ Orange Crop Value1
Authors: Embleton T. W. , Jones W. W. , Coggins C. W.
Published: August 2022

In a 5-year factorial fertilizer experiment, an increase in leaf N from 2.54 to 2.71% by soil applications of urea, reduced creasing and fruit size and increased green color on the fruit at harvest. Leaf K was increased from 0.47 to 0.67% by soil application of K2SO4 and to 0.65% by foliar application of KNO3; except for degree of fruit color and leaf N content, effects of soil- and foliar-applied K differed little and both increased yield, fruit size, and green color on the fruit and reduced creasing. Increasing leaf P from 0.132 to 0.139% had little influence on factors influencing the value of the fresh-fruit crop. Gibberellic acid (GA) sprays increased green color on the fruit and reduced creasing. The effects of N, K, and GA on reducing creasing and increasing green color on the fruit were strongly additive. There was an inverse relation between creasing and green color of fruit. Each problem can be reduced but at the expense of the other, and both problems cannot be reduced simultaneously. Packinghouse statements showed that monetary returns/tree were increased about 75% by K treatments without GA; 17% with GA alone; 61% with GA + soil-applied K; and 42% with GA + foliar-applied K.
Reduction of Postharvest Losses of Strawberry Fruits from Gray Mold1
Authors: Sommer Noel F. , Fortlage Robert J. , Mitchell F. Gordon , Maxie E. C.
Published: August 2022

Development of gray mold rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr., in strawberry fruits during expedited cross-country truck transport and marketing periods of ca. 7 days at 5°C resulted mostly from preharvest infections. Postharvest infections occurred occasionally when healthy fruits were appressed against the lesion of a diseased fruit. Under the same conditions, postharvest conidial inoculations failed to produce visible lesions unless massive inoculum was used. Improved quality control at harvest, prompt cooling, and reduction of transit temperatures appeared to offer opportunities for disease reduction.
Lace wing Larvae Control Aphids on Greenhouse Snapdragons1
Authors: Harbaugh Brent K. , Mattson Richard H.
Published: August 2022

Eight lacewing (Chrysopa earned) larvae per greenhouse snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), released 4 at a time twice during 8 weeks effectively controlled aphids (Myzus persicae). Two initial sprays of malathion and nicotine sulfate 1 week apart followed by release of 4 lacewing larvae per plant also were effective. Flowers produced under chemical or biological control systems were equal in quality. Lacewing larvae in a 21°C greenhouse required a week longer to effectively control aphids than those in a 24°C greenhouse.
Differential Oviposition of Cabbage Loopers on Lettuce1
Authors: Kishaba A. N. , Whitaker Thomas W. , Vail P. V. , Toba H. H.
Published: August 2022

When moths of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), were exposed to 208 entries of lettuce, significant reduction in oviposition occurred on 8 cultivars, 4 breeding lines, and 17 Plant Introductions. Preference for any 1 cultivar varied depending on the host choice offered. Looper moths preferred younger lettuce plants when plantings of 1 host entry were made as little as 1 week apart. One introduction, each, of Lactuca serriola L. and L. saligna L. were less attractive to looper moths than any entry of L. sativa, and may be valuable sources of resistance to that insect pest.
Effects of Time of Pruning on Growth and Longevity of Peach Trees1
Authors: Daniell Jeff W.
Published: August 2022

Pruning dates as treatments were imposed for a 4 or 5-year period on peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] growing on old and new peach land. The trees were pruned during the middle of each month with an unpruned check in 1 test only. Trees growing on old peach land and pruned in fall or early winter generally had greater mortality than non-pruned or trees pruned in spring. Time of pruning, however, had little or no effect on longevity when trees were grown on new peach land. Also time of pruning had no consistent effect on tree growth.
Influence of Postharvest Temperature on Brown Stain of Lettuce1,2
Authors: Brecht Patrick E. , Kader Adel A. , Morris Leonard L.
Published: August 2022

The incidence of brown stain on crisphead type lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Calmar) was highly dependent on postharvest temperature. Following exposure to 2% O2 + 5% CO2 for 5 days at constant temperatures from 0° to 20°C, brown stain decreased as simulated transit temperature increased and was negligible at 10°C and above. Simulated market temperatures following exposure to 2% O2 + 5% CO2 at 0°C markedly influenced brown stain expression with near maximum expression present after a 3-day period in air at 10°C. Low O2 (2%) was more effective in reducing respiration (CO2 production) of lettuce at temperatures above 5°C than at 5°C, or lower.
The Effect of CPTA on Development of Pink Color in Muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.)1
Authors: Knavel Dean E. , Kemp Thomas R.
Published: August 2022

Muskmelon fruits were either dipped in or injected with 2-(4-chlorophenylthio-) triethylamine hydrochloride (CPTA) at half- and full-slip maturities prior to storage at various temperatures. Concentrations of 500, 1000, and 5000 ppm caused fruits to have more pink color and a higher ratio of red to yellow color than did those untreated. The greatest response to CPTA was in half-slip fruits. We believe that the pink color is associated with lycopene accumulation.
Imbibition Rate and Seed Composition as Factors Affecting Transverse Cotyledon Cracking in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seed1
Authors: Dickson M. H. , Duczmal K. , Shannon S.
Published: August 2022

Transverse cracking of cotyledons, (TVC), varied from 0 to 95% among bean cultivars and was enhanced by planting dry seed in wet soils. A more reliable indication of TVC potential was obtained if the seed was placed in small beakers and covered with water. Covering the hilum with grease slowed imbibition and reduced TVC in tolerant lines. Soaking for 45 minutes in ethanol prior to imbibition in water accelerated imbibition and increased TVC. Seed coat removal prior to imbibition further enhanced imbibition and increased TVC. None of these 3 treatments changed the relative amount of TVC, but seed coat nicking or removal prior to imbibition gave the most reliable test.

Potassium and Mg in cotyledons were negatively correlated with cultivar susceptibility. Calcium was sometimes significantly correlated with TVC in seed grown in a given location, but the correlations could be lacking or of opposite sign in seed grown elsewhere.
Influence of Plant Density on Growth, Nutrient Composition, Yield, and Quality of Mechanically Harvested Tomatoes1
Authors: Zahara Mike , Timm Herman
Published: August 2022

In a 4-year study of tomato cultivar (VF-145), using densities from 316,160 to 3,877,900 plants/ha, growth was most rapid below 963,300 plants. The highest yield of marketable fruits, 104.9 millier/ha, was attained with 617,500 plants/ha. Soluble solids in the fruits declined, and plant sugar content increased, at densities above 963,300 plants/ha, concurrent with a reduction in leaf area per plant. Differences in plant density had no significant effect on nutrient content of the plants. Potassium deficiency symptoms were evident at all densities shortly after fruit-set. Total K absorbed by plants increased from 439 kg/ha with 316,160 plants to 1997 kg/ha with 3,877,900 plants.
Studies on Lettuce Seed Quality: I. Effect of Seed Size and Weight on Vigor1,2
Authors: Smith O. E. , Welch N. C. , Little T. M.
Published: August 2022

Seed weight in lettuce was more important than seed width or thickness in predicting vigor. An air column separator was an effective way to separate seeds varying in weight. A biological assay called the slant test was developed to test vigor. The average root length after 3 days was used as a measure of vigor.
Effect of K Level on Frost Hardiness of Stems of Forsythia × intermedia Zab. ‘Lynwood’1
Authors: Beattie D. J. , Flint H. L.
Published: August 2022

Optimum K level for dry matter production in Forsythia × intermedia ‘Lynwood’ fell between 25 and 225 ppm K in the irrigation water. Optimum K level for frost hardiness, measured by controlled freezing and determination of subsequent viability, was within or below the optimum range for growth. As K supply increased, plant K increased and plant N decreased correspondingly.
Studies on Lettuce Seed Quality: II. Relationship of Seed Vigor to Emergence, Seedling Weight, and Yield1,2
Authors: Smith O. E. , Welch N. C. , McCoy O. D.
Published: August 2022

Several lots of lettuce seed were separated into fractions varying in seed width and weight per seed. Seed vigor, as measured by the slant test, was found to vary in relation to seed weight. In field trials low vigor seeds emerged slower with less total emergence and produced smaller seedlings at thinning time than high vigor seeds. Head size at harvest and percent marketable heads were greater from high vigor seeds. It is suggested that seed vigor can be used to evaluate potential field performance of lettuce.
Rice Hulls as a Growing Medium Component for Cut Tulips1
Authors: Einert A. E. , Baker E. C.
Published: August 2022

Parboiled rice hulls were used in growing media for tulips ‘Hibernia’ and ‘Paul Richter’ grown by the rooting room method for cut flowers. Three-component media of 1 rice hulls: 1 sand. 1 peat (v/v/v), 1 soil: 1 rice hulls: 1 peat and 2 component mixes of 1 rice hulls: 1 peat and 1 soil: 1 rice hulls were compared to standard media of 1 soil: 1 sand:l peat and 1 sand:l peat. Media containing rice hulls produced tulip plants equal to those produced in standard media and the 1 soil: 1 rice hulls medium significantly increased root growth. Rice hulls comprising 1/3 to 1/2 of the growing medium had no appreciable effect on pH, soluble salts, or nutrient element levels of the mix. Leaf tissue analyses also indicated that rice hulls did not contribute nutrients for tulip growth. Media containing rice hulls were lighter in weight and enabled easier handling of the flats. Rice hull media did not pack in the flats; and therefore, facilitated easier harvesting of the tulip plant with the bulb attached.
Growth Retardant - Induced Inhibition of Neutral Terpene Biosynthesis Using Plant and Animal Cell-Free Systems1
Authors: Staby George L.
Published: August 2022

Nine plant growth retardants were tested for their ability to inhibit neutral terpene biosynthesis by enzymes in cell-free extracts from rat liver, iris (Iris hollandica Hoog. cv. ‘Wedgwood’) sprouts, and castor bean (Ricinus communis L. cv. ‘Baker Hybrid 66’) seeds.

Succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH), α-cyclopropyl-α (4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine-methanol (A-Rest), n,n-dimethylmorpholinium chloride (BAS 0660-W), and 2-chloroethyl trimethyl-ammonium chloride (Cycocel) showed little or no inhibitory effects regardless of concentration or the test system used. Using rat liver enzymes, 2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-l-piperidine-carboxy-late methyl chloride (AMO-1618) at 0.01 mM, inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis after the farnesyl-pyrophosphate step but had no inhibitory effect in the bean and iris cell-free systems. CHE-9064 (structure not released), Phosfon-D (2,4-dichlorobenzyl tributylphosphonium chloride) and 3-trifluoromethyl sulfonamido-p-acetotoluidide (Sustar) also inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver enzymes at concentrations as low as 0.01 mM while 5-chloro-2-thenyl-tri-n-butyl chloride (CHE-8728) lost its effectiveness at concentrations below 0.1 mM. In the iris system, CHE-8728, Phosfon-D and Sustar inhibited cholesterol and farnesol production at 0.1 mM but were ineffective at lower concentrations. With the castor bean system, Sustar was the only retardant to inhibit terpene biosynthesis. Results indicate that CHE-8728, CHE-9064, Phosfon-D, and Sustar inhibit the terpene biosynthetic pathway prior to the formation of the farnesyl-pyrophosphate (rat liver and iris system) or geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (castor bean system).
Morphology and Breeding Behavior of Colchicine-Induced Polyploid Impatiens spp. L.1
Authors: Arisumi Toru
Published: August 2022

Experiments using 2 methods of treating Impatiens with colchicine showed that 10-36% of seedlings treated soon after germination and 33-50% of colchicine treated cuttings developed stable polyploids. Most of the stable polyploids were complete tetraploids. Periclinal cytochimeras and octoploids were also isolated. Tetraploids of the inbred cultivars Blaze, Dwarf Bright Rose, General Guisan, Pinkie, and F1 hybrid White Imp, 2 interspecific hybrids between New Guinea and Java spp., 2 New Guinea hybrids, and 2 clones of a Java sp. were isolated and compared with diploids for differences in morphology and fertility. Tetraploids were larger than diploids. With certain exceptions, tetraploids had greater percentages of abortive pollen and less fertility than the diploids. Sterile diploid hybrids of ‘New Guinea’ X ‘Java’ were made fertile by tetraploidy. New Guinea 13 (2n = 64) did not cross with ‘New Guinea’ hybrid diploids (2n = 32), but it crossed readily with the ‘New Guinea’ hybrid tetraploids (4n = 64). The octoploids were sterile and ornamentally inferior to diploids or tetraploids.
AWAKE PRONING OR REPOSITIONING IN COVID-19 PATIENT
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Amity College of Nursing, Amity University, Haryana, India., Rupam Supreet
Published: August 2022

Awake proning or repositioning has been endorsed in several national and international guidelines for the management of patient suffering from COVID-19 with moderate to severe respiratory distress where patient appear to respond well to the treatment in position changing. Repositioning of the patient is done to improve the ventilation and also for the secretion clearance. For this nurses must be aware about the technique used for awake repositioning and also provide education among community people that how to reposition the patient by using multimedias.
LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL ESTIMATION BY FRIEDEWALDS FORMULA AND BY DIRECT MEASUREMENT - A COMPARISON
Authors: Bharathan Nimi , S. Nair Sunitha , Raveendran Rini
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in serum is the basis of diagnosis, classification and management of hypercholesterolemia as per the current recommendations of the Adult Treatment Panel III of National Cholesterol Education Program. Friedewalds formula is used in most laboratories to measure LDL-C levels indirectly. But, Friedewalds formula is not reliable always. Now-a-days, various homogenous assay kits for direct estimation of LDL-C based on precipitation and solubilisation using specific detergents have been evolved. This makes estimation of LDL-C levels easier but costlier. So we conducted a study to compare the results obtained by estimating LDL-C level by direct assay kit and also indirectly by using Friedewalds formula in order to assess the cost effectiveness of both the methods. Aim: To compare LDL-C levels obtained by direct homogenous assay (D-LDL-C) to that obtained by Friedewalds formula (F-LDL-C) in fasting serum samples. Materials And Methods: Serum separated from 404 blood samples was analysed for Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High- density lipoprotein (HDL) and LDL using specific assay kits. Simultaneously, LDL-C was also estimated in the same samples indirectly by using Friedewalds formula. Results: Statistical analysis by Pearson correlation showed high correlation between D-LDL-C and indirect F-LDL-C. But in all ranges of TG, F-LDL-C showed underestimation of LDL-C when compared to D-LDL-C. Conclusion:Use of Friedewald formula for estimation of LDL-C is not suitable in all cases. In samples showing hypertriglyceridemia, direct homogenous assay was found to be better for CHD risk assessment and management.
STUDY OF PLASMA FIBRINOGEN LEVELS IN ACUTE STROKE
Authors:   Department of Gen. Medicine N.S.C.B. Medical College & Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.)., Jain Lalit , Kumar Tilgam Hemant ,   Department of Gen. Medicine N.S.C.B. Medical College & Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.).
Published: August 2022

Background: Stroke is a disease of paramount public health significance. The role of plasma fibrinogen in determining incidence and severity of stroke has been postulated time and again. Present study was undertaken to determine the correlation between mean plasma fibrinogen level and infarct volume on CT scan in patients with acute stroke. Methods: Source of data: Plasma fibrinogen of 50 consecutive patients presenting with acute stroke admitted in Netaji Shubhas Chandra Bose Medical College & Hospital, Jabalpur from March 2019 to August 2020 and compared with 50 controls not suffering from stroke with matched age, sex and risk factors (controls) such as heart disease, hypertension, Diabetes and obesity, smoking and use of alcohol. Method of collection of data. The study will be carried out on 50 consecutive patients admitted to N S C B Medical College & Hospital, Jabalpur with acute stroke within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. Detailed history will be taken to find out the risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption. Hypertension will be diagnosed by JNC VII criteria. Diabetes will be diagnosed by American Diabetes Association criteria. Smoking will be recorded in terms of number of cigarette pack years smoked. Thorough general and systemic examination will be carried out. In addition to routine investigations as per standard protocol in the evaluation of stroke patient, fasting plasma fibrinogen level is estimated and compared to age sex and risk factors matched controls. Result: In this study Fibrinogen levels among patients of stroke were estimated. Data on demography (age, sex, habit of smoking, tobacco and alcohol) and clinical parameters (BMI, heart disease, Hypertension and Diabetes) was also collected. All 50 patients of stroke cases was compared with 50 control subjects, matched for age, sex, obesity, clinical parameters like heart disease, hypertension and diabetes and also for habits of smoking, tobacco use and alcohol.
INHALED FOREIGN BODY OR ENDOBRONCHIAL TUBERCULOUS GRANULOMA? : ABOUT A CASE
Authors:   Pediatric Intensive Care Unit - Mohammed VI University Hospital - Marrakech., Driouich Aicha , Mourouth Hanane ,   Pediatric Intensive Care Unit - Mohammed VI University Hospital - Marrakech., Sihami Abdelaziz ,   Pediatric Intensive Care Unit - Mohammed VI University Hospital - Marrakech., Mouaffak Youssef ,   Pediatric Intensive Care Unit - Mohammed VI University Hospital - Marrakech., Younous Said ,   Pediatric Intensive Care Unit - Mohammed VI University Hospital - Marrakech.
Published: August 2022

Tuberculosis is a public health problem. Endobronchial localization of tuberculosis is rare. Its endoscopic aspects are diverse and often misleading and can pose a problem of differential diagnosis such as a tumor or a foreign body in children. Chest CT helps in diagnosis and bronchoscopy remains the most reliable examination with biopsy. early treatment helps to avoid complications including bronchostenosis. We report the case of a tubercular bronchial granuloma in an infant hospitalized in pediatric intensive care for suspected inhalation of a foreign body.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF COVID-19S IMPACT ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN MALES
Authors:   M.D. Scholar, Department of KriyaSharir, AyurvedicandUnaniTibbiaCollege & Hospital, Karol Bagh, New Delhi, India-110005., Garg Sahil , Rajan Sujata ,   H.O.D. & Associate Professor, Department of KriyaSharir,AyurvedicandUnaniTibbia College & Hospital, Karol Bagh, New Delhi, India-110005.
Published: August 2022

China reported the WHO about the cases of pneumonia with an unknown cause in December 2019. The common symptoms that rocked the human tribe with their dangerous effects were dry cough, fever, diarrhea, myalgia, vomiting, and dyspnea.Many medical professionals and researchers gathered to learn more about the pathophysiology of this illness.Doctors have learned via a series of studies that COVID-19 also affects the male reproductive system.They identified ACE2 receptors as the most likely culprit for this.In Ayurveda, the clear description for COVID is not mentioned but Acharya has given a better concept for anonymousdisorders viz. decision of treatment of any anonymous disease should be taken on the basis of prakriti, adhishthan, samutthan. Ojokshaya, Rajyakshma, Sannipatajajwara, and Marak are the disorders probably correlated with COVID- 19.The prevalence of male infertility is getting increase day by day. Factors causing male infertility are stress, hormonal imbalance, STD,infection, etc. This article is in the series to evaluate any relation between COVID and male infertility.
ABDOMINAL-PELVIC MASS REVEALING A KRUKENBERG TUMOUR: A CASE REPPORT
Authors:   Residentat the Mohammed VI center for the treatment of cancers, pole of gynecologicaloncology IBN ROCHD UniversityHospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan 2 University Casablanca., Oubid A. , Gourja Y. ,   Residentat the Mohammed VI center for the treatment of cancers, pole of gynecologicaloncology IBN ROCHD UniversityHospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan 2 University Casablanca., Cherkaoui A. ,   Residentat the Mohammed VI center for the treatment of cancers, pole of gynecologicaloncology IBN ROCHD UniversityHospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan 2 University Casablanca., Benhassou M. ,   AssociateProfessor in Mohammed VI Center for the Treatment of Cancer, Pole of GynecologicalOncology IBN ROCHD UniversityHospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan 2 University Casablanca., Ennachit M. ,   AssociateProfessor in Mohammed VI Center for the Treatment of Cancer, Pole of GynecologicalOncology IBN ROCHD UniversityHospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan 2 University Casablanca., Elkarroumi M. ,   AssociateProfessor, Head of Service of the Mohammed VI Center for the Treatment of Cancer, Pole of GynecologicalOncology IBN ROCHD UniversityHospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan 2 University Casablanca.
Published: August 2022

Krukenbergtumors are ovarian metastases from non-gynecological, mainly gastrointestinal cancers, such as gastric and colorectal cancers. They are very rare with a stillpoorlyelucidatedetio-pathogenesis(1). Previousretrospectivestudies have suggestedthatKrukenbergtumors are associatedwithapoor prognosis compared to metastaticdiseaseatother sites resultingfrom the sameprimarydisease(2).We report here the observation of a patient whoconsulted for an abdominopelvic mass withoutothersymptomsrevealing a Krukenbergtumortreatedat the Mohamed 6 center for onco-gynecology.