bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Populist attacks on institutions as a reaction to the hyper-globalization
Authors:   ,   European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Ozturk Ibrahim
Published: February 2022

This article explores the discrediting and decommissioning of the institutional foundations of the economy by populist leaders and its impact on economic performance in major emerging market economies (EMEs). One situation that justified these attacks that also attracts public support in recent years is argued to be the devastating effects of the global economic and financial crisis on developing countries (DCs) in general.
Anatomy of a Populist Speech
Authors:   ,   European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Millas Hercules
Published: February 2022

In January 2021, two party leaders in the Greek parliament debated the government’s handling of the Covid-19 epidemic. This made possible a detailed analysis of the populist argumentations of one of the speakers. His basic method was the repeated use of arguments that were “true” but irrelevant to the matter at hand. Other “methods” were accusations made out of context, mixing up issues, deriving generalities based on singular cases, ignoring certain aspects, and making unfounded insinuations. Analysis of these discursive aspects contributes to our understanding of populist discourses.
From Populism to Racism: The Chinese American Trickster Tradition from Sun Wu Kong to Wittman Ah Sing
Authors:   ,   European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Sener Omer , Demir Mustafa
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the Chinese American trickster tradition focusing specifically on archetypes and several key themes, such as racism, populism, and essentialism. We argue that the figure of the Monkey King is central to Chinese American literature, particularly in Chinese American women’s writing, and the concepts of populism and racism are made relevant through the cultural appropriation of this folk figure in the writings of Chinese American authors. Furthermore, the article discusses tricksterism in relation to politics and cultural production, particularly the Monkey King. In this regard, the article makes an original contribution to the literature on tricksterism and cultural populism by analyzing the Chinese American trickster tradition from these fresh perspectives.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS FATORES QUE INTERFEREM NA PERCEPÇÃO DE ADEQUAÇÃO DO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO: UM ESTUDO NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DOS VALES DO JEQUITINHONHA E MUCURI
Authors: Vieira Naldeir dos Santos , Higuchi Agnaldo Keiti , Teles Maiara Pereira , Fernandes Kenny Moreno Santos , Campos Daniela Cristina da Silveira
Published: February 2022

Esse artigo tem como objetivo investigar os principais fatores que influenciam a percepção de adequação com esperado no estágio realizado por alunos dos cursos de Administração e de Administração Pública da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, sendo o primeiro ofertado na modalidade presencial e o segundo, na modalidade a distância. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários com perguntas fechadas e com escala de Likert de cinco pontos e analisados por meio de modelos de regressão múltipla. Os resultados indicaram que, no curso de Administração, os principais fatores que influenciam a satisfação com o estágio foram ‘oportunidade de inserção em projetos’, ‘percepção de remuneração justa’ e ‘possibilidade de aplicação do conhecimento teórico’. Já no curso de Administração Pública (EaD), os fatores mais relevantes foram: ‘fornecimento de informações’, ‘percepção de remuneração justa’, ‘disponibilidade de equipamentos e materiais’, ‘oportunidade de desenvolvimento de projetos’, ‘qualidade da supervisão’, ‘possibilidade de inserção em projetos da organização’ e ‘oportunidade de efetivação’.
A UNIÃO DOS BANCOS: ESTRATÉGIA COMO PRÁTICA
Authors: Andrade Guilherme Paulo , Santos Ruan Carlos dos , Tutida Alessandra Yula
Published: February 2022

Este caso de ensino relata as dificuldades enfrentadas pelo Itaú Unibanco para gerenciar as consequências do processo de fusão. A empresa sofreu com a crescente insatisfação da base de clientes, em função, entre outras coisas, da integração de sistemas, do fechamento de agências e da modificação de processos internos. O Itaú Unibanco tornou-se o banco mais reclamado do país. Que ações poderiam ser tomadas para reverter esse quadro? Este caso pode ser usado na área de administração, especialmente na disciplina de administração estratégica, pois envolve análise, escolha estratégica e execução. Além disso, discute estratégia como prática utilizando um caso real.
GERENCIAMENTO DE RECEITA (RM) E BUSINESS ANALYTICS (BA) COMO UM RECURSO ESTRATÉGICO ORGANIZACIONAL
Authors: Cavalcanti Claudia
Published: February 2022

Objetivo deste artigo é compreender como Business Analytics é identificado como um recurso estratégico no contexto do Gerenciamento de Receita em uma companhia aérea.  Nesse âmbito, para responder à questão central desta pesquisa optou-se pela condução de uma pesquisa qualitativa. O processo de coleta de dados foi realizado por meio de observação direta (não participante), de entrevistas e de análise documental. Para a análise de dados, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo pelo método de análise em espiral de Creswell (2013). Foi possível avançar na abordagem da Visão Baseada em Recursos ao fazer uma articulação teórica entre o campo de Business Analytics (BA) e Gerenciamento de Receita (RM).  Dentro das categorias de análise encontradas, cada recurso de capital humano, organizacional e físico foi descrito na rotina da área de Gerenciamento de Receita. Ao descrever essa rotina, foi possível identificar, dentro do modelo VRIO (BARNEY, 1995), como cada atributo foi evidenciado ao buscar garantir a eficiência e eficácia dos recursos que são utilizados pela organização.
ATRIBUTOS QUALITATIVOS QUE INFLUENCIAM CONSUMIDORES NA ESCOLHA E AVALIAÇÃO DOS SUPERMERCADOS NA REGIÃO DO MÉDIO ALTO URUGUAI GAÚCHO
Authors: Studzinski Eliziane , Moyano Carlos Alberto Mello , Angnes Derli Luís
Published: February 2022

Os supermercados estão presentes em todas cidades e representam o elo da cadeia produtiva entre os produtores e os consumidores finais. Os clientes escolhem e avaliam os supermercados a partir de atributos qualitativos inerentes ao serviço. A compreensão desses atributos de escolha do consumidor são variáveis a serem identificadas por pesquisadores a partir de fontes primárias, sendo este portanto o objetivo principal do estudo, o de identificar os atributos que influenciam o consumidor na escolha e avaliação dos supermercados. O método empregado caracteriza-se por uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa empregando a técnica do incidente crítico na coleta dos dados com clientes de supermercados na região do Médio Alto Uruguai Gaúcho. Os principais resultados da pesquisa permitiram identificar um conjunto de 43 atributos qualitativos categorizados em nove dimensões teóricas salientes na percepção dos clientes em relação aos serviços dos supermercados. O trabalho também proporciona implicações acadêmicas e científicas, ao ampliar o estudo dos atributos qualitativos declarados pelos consumidores, os quais influenciam na sua escolha e avaliação por supermercados.
Plágio: para além das questões jurídicas, questões discursivas
Authors: Oliveira Juliane Ferraz
Published: February 2022

Este ensaio trata do plágio a partir de uma perspectiva discursiva da linguagem e não sobre aspectos legais e jurídicos que envolvem a questão.
PDMS Ágil: Metodologia Baseada em Scrum para Uma Organização Pública
Authors: Garcia Jéssica S. , Marins Joyce Aline , Cunha Vanice , Wollinger Aline , Araújo Giulla
Published: February 2022

Evidências na literatura mostram benefícios associados ao desenvolvimento com o uso de metodologias ágeis. O Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Mato Grosso tem adotado uma metodologia baseada no SCRUM e é perceptível que o uso da nova metodologia promoveu o aumento da qualidade dos sistemas, diminuiu o tempo de implementação e aumentou a comunicação e a transparência. Este artigo relata o construção e implantação desta metodologia que foi construída por meio de uma pesquisa-ação e avaliada sob a perspectiva da gestão. Os desafios relatados e as lições aprendidas são de grande relevância para organizações que visam mudar o paradigma de desenvolvimento tradicional para ágil em seus contextos.
Modelagem 3D do Robô Otto para o atendimento de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Rebouças Gabriel R. B. de Sousa , Kempner Thais Reggina , Nunes Eunice P. dos Santos , Borges Luciana C. L. de Faria
Published: February 2022

Tendo em vista a necessidade do desenvolvimento de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), ainda na sua infância, este artigo retrata as etapas de construção e os resultados do desenvolvimento da modelagem 3D para viabilizar a confecção de um brinquedo inclusivo, o Robô Otto. Para implementar o design e impressão em 3D optou-se pela utilização de um personagem lúdico e empático para crianças com TEA, inspirado no personagem da animação “Os Minions”. Vislumbra-se com a construção do Robô Otto proporcionando aos terapeutas novas soluções para trabalhar o hiperfoco, promover a atenção compartilhada, desenvolver a aprendizagem de uma forma dinâmica, e a comunicação de crianças com o transtorno autista.
Programa para o cálculo de velocidade em curvas inclinadas com atrito
Authors: Vila Vinícius Dornelles , Pazeto Tatiana Annoni
Published: February 2022

No automobilismo de alta performance, a relação entre o carro e a pista é objeto de estudos. No que tange à realização de curvas, esse artigo visa calcular quão rápido ou devagar essas podem ser feitas sem deslizamento do veículo. Nesse sentido, a velocidade em que o piloto a realiza deve ser precisa para um máximo aproveitamento do tempo e do carro. Para tal cálculo, pesquisas bibliográficas foram feitas, bem como análise de softwares correlatos. Por fim, os resultados encontrados visam auxiliar na didática da matéria de mecânica, ao condensar as variantes do fenômeno de deslizamento em velocidade Máxima e Mínima, através do programa desenvolvido.
Análise da participação das mulheres no projeto da IX Semana Acadêmica da Engenharia Mecânica (SAEMEC)
Authors: Bazán Francisco Daniel França , Pazeto Tatiana Annoni
Published: February 2022

A igualdade de gênero é um tema relevante e em algumas áreas, como Ciência, Tecnologia, Engenharia e Matemática (STEM), nem sempre ocorre. Portanto é importante analisar a presença feminina em um evento dessa área. Nesse contexto, este artigo visa analisar a participação feminina no projeto de extensão da IX SAEMEC comparando com a quantidade de mulheres matriculadas no curso de Engenharia Mecânica da UFR. Para isso, analisou-se o relatório dos alunos matriculados no referido curso e o da IX SAEMEC, bem como o referencial teórico nacional sobre o tema. Concluiu-se que a quantidade de homens ainda é maior na área de exatas, o que também ocorre no curso de Engenharia Mecânica da UFR e na participação de mulheres no evento da IX SAEMEC.
Telescópio Refletor Dobsoniano Digital e Automatizado
Authors: Morais José L. R. de , Sperotto Lucas K.
Published: February 2022

Este artigo descreve o projeto de produção, montagem e aplicação em escolas, de um telescópio refletor dobsoniano digital utilizando de peças de fácil aquisição e também peças impressas em impressora 3D.
The Case of the Red Extremities
Authors: Abarikwu Kelechi , Komara James , Urumov Andrej
Published: February 2022

Case Presentation: A 37-year-old man with severe obstructive sleep apnea presented to the emergency department with burning pain, redness and swelling in his hands and feet, worsening for several weeks. Pertinent laboratory studies revealed polycythemia.
Discussion: Erythromelalgia is a clinical diagnosis characterized by painful burning, erythema, warmth, and edema usually involving the distal extremities. Therapeutic goals are focused on symptom reduction, while also managing the underlying condition in cases of secondary erythromelalgia. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies have proven to be of limited success.
Scrotal Pain Caused by a Segmental Testicular Infarct
Authors: Muradian Michael , Fox Stephen , Barish Patrice , Todd Brett
Published: February 2022

Case Presentation: A 44-year-old Black male presented to the emergency department with left scrotal pain. His initial workup did not identify an etiology of his symptoms; however, he returned the following day with worsening pain and a radiology-performed ultrasound then revealed a segmental testicular infarct. 
Discussion: Segmental testicular infarcts are a rare, often idiopathic, source of scrotal pain. Diagnosis is made by ultrasound, and repeat imaging may be required if not apparent on initial evaluation. Management is typically conservative although some require surgical intervention.
Case of an Infant with Intermittent Eye Swelling
Authors: Baker Alexandra , Lipsett Susan
Published: February 2022

Case Presentation: An eight-week-old infant presented to the emergency department with two weeks of fluctuating swelling and erythema of her right upper eyelid. On examination, she had swelling of the right upper eyelid with ptosis and proptosis as well as a nevus simplex on the upper eyelid. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a proliferating orbital hemangioma.
Discussion: Periorbital erythema and swelling are often infectious or allergic, but in infants with a fluctuating course, underlying vascular malformation must be considered. Without early provider recognition, periocular hemangiomas have the potential to cause vision-related complications.
A Case Report of Massive Intraperitoneal Hemorrhage from Rare Cornual Pregnancy
Authors: Carius Brandon , Houston Edward , Griffith Stephen
Published: February 2022

Introduction: A cornual pregnancy describes a rare ectopic location positioned within the myometrium next to the fallopian tube, which can be difficult to find on traditional ultrasound imaging. Given its location and the stretch within the uterine wall, cornual pregnancies can progress for weeks prior to diagnosis. Ruptures can, therefore, be catastrophic with disproportionally high maternal mortality rates compared to other ectopic pregnancies.
Case Report: A 34-year-old female recently treated with methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy presented to the emergency department (ED) for acute onset of lower abdominal cramping without vaginal bleeding. She arrived clinically stable and quickly decompensated with witnessed syncope in the ED, prompting point-of-care ultrasound showing free fluid in the abdomen. The patient was taken for emergent surgery by obstetrics while receiving transfusion of blood products for suspected ruptured ectopic pregnancy. A fetus estimated to be 10 weeks of age was discovered in the left cornual region. Approximately two liters of intraperitoneal blood were drained without complication.
Conclusion: Cornual pregnancy is a difficult to diagnose but potentially disastrous type of ectopic pregnancy due to massive hemorrhage. Emergency clinicians should be aware of this condition given its rare occurrence but potentially catastrophic outcomes.
Abilifright: A Case Report of Massive Aripiprazole Overdose in a Toddler
Authors: Warstadt Nicholus , Mohan Sanjay , Furlano Emma , Shenker Jennifer , Gibbs Eric , Smith Silas
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic with unique receptor-binding properties that has a favorable safety profile in therapeutic doses compared to other antipsychotics. Massive aripiprazole overdose in children, however, presents with profound lethargy and may have neurologic, hemodynamic, and cardiac effects, often requiring admission to a high level of care.
Case Report: We describe a case of a 21-month-old male with a reported 52-milligram aripiprazole ingestion. Initial vital signs were remarkable for tachycardia and hypertension, which rapidly resolved. The patient did not develop hypotension throughout hospitalization. He experienced 60 hours of lethargy. Irritability associated with upper extremity spasms and tremors occurred from 36-72 hours post ingestion, which resolved without intervention. The initial electrocardiogram demonstrated ST-segment depressions in the anteroseptal leads; further cardiac workup was normal. Concurrent medical workup was unrevealing. Aripiprazole and dehydro-aripiprazole serum concentrations sent 46 hours after reported exposure were 266.5 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) and 138.6 ng/mL, respectively. He returned to neurologic baseline and was discharged 72 hours after ingestion.
Conclusion: Antipsychotics, including aripiprazole, should be considered as a potential toxicological cause of persistent central nervous system depression; ingestion of a single dose has the potential to cause significant toxicity.
Unintentional Epinephrine Auto-Injector Maxillofacial Injury in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: David Jason , Eldred Jerad , Raper David
Published: February 2022

Case Presentation: A four-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with an epinephrine auto-injector that had unintentionally discharged into her mandible. There was difficulty removing the auto-injector at bedside. Images we acquired noted needle curvature not present in an off-the-shelf model. She was sedated, and the auto-injector was removed by retracing the angle of discharge, with care taken not to inject epinephrine into the patient.
Discussion: Epinephrine auto-injector accidental discharges are an unusual injury pattern, but the incidence of such events is increasing in the United States. The emergency clinician should be cognizant of complicating factors with discharges, such as bent needles. Here we discuss a case of discharge into the maxillofacial region (lower jaw), with approaches to treatment.
Fatal Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Due to Constipation: A Case Report
Authors: Kongkatong Matthew , Patel Malav , Thom Christopher , Moak James
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a rare condition in which increased intra-abdominal pressure causes multiorgan dysfunction through decreased perfusion. Causes of this condition are variable, and early recognition is critical for favorable patient outcomes. Measurement of bladder pressure is recommended for diagnosis.
Case Report: A 64-year-old female on clozapine with a two-year history of chronic constipation presented to the emergency department in extremis with a protuberant abdomen. After resuscitative measures, computed tomography showed a dilated, stool-filled colon with a decompressed inferior vena cava and decreased perfusion. She died despite surgical decompression.
Conclusion: Severe constipation is a rare cause of ACS, and there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines. Options for bedside decompression are limited. To reduce morbidity and mortality in this population, early recognition of ACS is imperative. Initial interventions should support hemodynamics and respiration. Definitive management is surgical decompression.
A Case Report of Prolonged Anaphylaxis after COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Armstrong Lisa , Maguire Nicole
Published: February 2022

Introduction: As the medical community and world have combatted the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a significant advance was the development of a vaccine against the virus that has already claimed over 4.5 million lives worldwide. Vaccines manufactured by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna were the first two COVID-19 vaccines given emergency use authorization by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Preliminary data demonstrated not only the vaccines’ efficacy rates of greater than 95% after a second dose, but also marked safety. Initial data showed only 21 cases of anaphylaxis of greater than 1.8 million doses administered. The majority of those patients had a history of anaphylaxis and presented within the first 15 minutes after administration of the vaccine.
Case Report: We describe a patient who had an anaphylactic reaction to her second dose of the Pfizer BioNTech severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) vaccine with no prior history of allergic reactions or anaphylaxis. This reaction required multiple doses of epinephrine and a four-day hospitalization. We review both the available reports of anaphylaxis to the SAR CoV-2 vaccine and information on other prolonged cases of anaphylaxis.
Conclusion: Our case report is unique in that the patient, despite no prior history of anaphylaxis, had a prolonged course requiring a four-day hospitalization. To our knowledge this is one of the first case reports of prolonged anaphylaxis after the second dose of Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in a patient with no history of prior anaphylaxis.
Renal Vein Thrombosis on Point-of-care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department: A Case Report
Authors: Haimowitz Michelle , Gonzalez Laura
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This case report of renal vein thrombosis found on emergency bedside ultrasound illustrates the expanding role of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in rapidly identifying rare renal pathologies.
Case Report: A 16-year-old female with a complex medical history presenting with right-sided abdominal pain and tenderness was found to have significant renal POCUS findings consistent with renal vein thrombosis.
Conclusion: In the medically complex patient with nonspecific chief complaints, it can be challenging to rapidly narrow a broad differential diagnosis. Point-of-care ultrasound has proven to be an extremely useful tool for this purpose. As emergency physicians become more proficient in the use of ultrasonography, it is likely that POCUS will be used with increasing frequency to identify additional pathology outside its traditional applications.
Managing Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Precipitated by Anesthesia-assisted Rapid Opioid Detoxification: A Case Report
Authors: Sobin Michael , Ngo Liem , Lawrence Danielle , Kirwen Abigail
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Anesthesia-assisted rapid opioid detoxification (AAROD) is a controversial method of treating opioid dependence that involves sedating patients during a period of provoked withdrawal. Reported adverse outcomes of the procedure demonstrate the importance of recognizing the potential complications of AAROD.
Case Presentation: We present a case of a 41-year-old male presenting with a subarachnoid hemorrhage following an AAROD procedure.
Conclusion: This case report and discussion reviews the pathophysiology of opioid withdrawal syndrome, potential complications following AAROD, and important management considerations.
The Schema of Institution
Authors: Lezra Jacques ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2022

Regress threatens throughout Lyotard’s Differend, especially where the argument appears to make normative ethical or political claims. How a term, a case or an example “links onto” a phrase serves as a way of examining how instituting can be non-regressively grounded, and with what consequences for abstract political subjectivity. The essay offers an alternative to liberal philosophical (Arendt, Nussbaum) and jurisprudential (Marbury v. Madison) schemata of political institution.
La revista “Discurso”. Índices (1987-1998)
Authors: Acosta Romero Ángel
Published: February 2022

-
La teoría de los sistemas y la historia de la literatura
Authors: Maldonado Alemán Manuel
Published: February 2022

-
Women’s Memories in a Depressed Steel Valley: an Attempt to Deconstruct the Imaginings of Steel-working Lorraine
Authors: Vinel Virginie
Published: February 2022

This paper is based on a research conducted between 2004 and 2006 and dealing with the memories of women in a steel valley struck by depression since the seventies, in the North-Eastern part of France. The imagery of steel-producing Lorraine coalesced in a rather standardized way around the figure of the steelworker working at the blast furnace. This research and the exhibition which followed from it, highlighted the activities of women, in the working place as well as in the domestic realm and in community or political movements. It thus contributes to a more complex imagining and less androcentric perspective on the ironworks past of the Lorraine region.
Identitarian Politics in the "Quilombo" Frechal: Live Histories in a Brazilian Community of Slave Descendants
Authors: Malighetti Roberto
Published: February 2022

Based on an extended fieldwork, the paper discusses the construction of identity in a Brazilian quilombo - a term originally used by the Portuguese authorities to juridically define the flights of the Brazilian slaves. Appealing to a Constitutional Article granting the property of the land to the descendant of the fugitive slaves, the people of Frechal (Maranhão) obtained - after complex events overshadowed by tension and violence - the expropriation of the land bought by an entrepreneur of São Paulo with the precise intent to forcibly expel the local population. Founding their right on an idea of cultural authenticity and mobilizing a symbolism capable of legitimating their claims and of giving them a legal weight, they transformed themselves from object of slavery, discrimination and racism to ethno-political subjects. Proceeding from the analysis of this paradigmatic case, the article shows how the term quilombo can be "re-semanticized" in order to be applicable to the contemporary situations of the Afro-Brazilian population. The actuality of the word, transferred from its original juridical meaning of colonial matrix, is founded on the idea that the quilombos are not isolated survivals of the past to honor in the memory of the heroes that fought against slavery. Rather they represent true projects of a new political order, nuclei of the contemporary resistance founded on the collective property of the land. As such the quilombos are considered as real counterpoints to the neoliberal expansion in the rural areas.
Community of Learners: Ontological and non-ontological projects
Authors: Matusov Eugene , Dyuke Katherine von , Han Sohyun
Published: February 2022

Our analysis reveals two major types of "Community of Learners" (COL) projects: instrumental and ontological. In instrumental COL, the notion of community is separated from instruction in order to reach some preset endpoints: curricular or otherwise. We notice three main instrumental COL models: relational, instructional, and engagement. Ontological COL redefines learning as an ill-defined, distributed, social, multi-faceted, poly-goal, agency-based, and situated process that integrates all educational aspects. We will consider two ontological COL projects into: narrowly dialogic and polyphonic.
Heeding Wittgenstein on “Understanding” and “Meaning”: A Pragmatist and Concrete Human Psychological Approach in/for Education
Authors: Roth Wolff-Michael
Published: February 2022

Over 60 years ago, the influential language philosopher L. Wittgenstein suggested that there is no need to use "understanding" and "meaning" to understand how language works and, in fact, that the two theoretical terms are part of a primitive idea. Today, both remain two of the most frequently used terms in education. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate a discussion about abandoning these terms from the theoretical discourse of education in the way these are commonly used. Case materials from the research literature chosen from a large database on knowing and learning in science are used to exemplify the approach that does not require either concept. Implications are drawn for education research and practice.
The Production of Power in Organisational Practice – Working with Conflicts as Heuristics
Authors: Busch-Jensen Peter
Published: February 2022

This article argues for the value of working with conflicts in social practice as resources for collaboration, learning and development. The interest in conflicts in social practice is rooted in a preoccupation with social power relations and how to understand and analyse power relations from a subject-science perspective. Following this interest, a methodological framework, best described as a kind of ‘mobile ethnography’, is discussed and exemplified through an empirical example. A preliminary conceptual framework for understanding power as a capacity for action is presented. The overarching ambition of the article is to consider what democratic collaboration and coexistence entails and how it might be supported conceptually and analytically by the notion of conflicts as heuristics for social inquiry and by the notion of power as a capacity for action and social participation.
Who gets involved with what? A discourse analysis of gender and caregiving in everyday family life with depression
Authors: Oute Jeppe , Huniche Lotte
Published: February 2022

The recent process of deinstitutionalization of the psychiatric treatment system, in both Denmark and other European countries, has relied heavily on the involvement in treatment and recovery of cohabitant relatives of diagnosed people. However, political objectives regarding depression and involvement rely on a limited body of knowledge about people’s ways of managing illness-related problems in everyday life. Drawing on a discursive notion of gender laid out by Raewyn Connell, the aim of the article is to elucidate how the involvement of relatives is guided by an extra- individual rationale about gender and caregiving, and how this gendered discourse might frame different challenges and burdens, depending on the gender of the diagnosed person and the cohabitant relative. Drawn from a larger, multisited field study on involvement processes in Danish psychiatry, the article is based on field notes and 21 interviews with seven heterosexual couples. The analysis shows that gender works as a decisive premise for the division of caregiving labour among the couples, and clarifies how the couples’ gendered institution is disrupted after the onset of depression. The article argues that gender-blind involvement strategies could produce divergent treatment outcomes and varying social effects in relation to couples’ everyday family lives.
Patient Participation in Healthcare Practice in Greenland: Local Challenges and Global Reflections
Authors: Aagaard Tine , Borg Tove
Published: February 2022

Various kinds of user and patient involvement are spreading in healthcare in most Western countries. The purpose of this study is to critically assess the actual conditions for patients’ involvement in healthcare practice in Greenland and to point to possibilities for development. Patients’ perspectives on their own conduct of everyday life with illness and their possibilities for participation when hospitalized are examined in relation to the conditions in a hospital setting dominated by biomedical practice. On a theoretical level, it is argued that the concept of ‘participation’ is preferable to the concept ‘involvement’ in healthcare. The study shows that there are several interconnected areas for development: the structural frames of hospital practice, including professionals’ possibilities for handling patient participation, and the agency of the patients conducting their everyday lives when hospitalized. Consequences of the biomedical hegemony are discussed in relation to WHO ́s broader approach to disease, illness and health and the still existing postcolonial traces of power and hierarchy. Finally it is argued that patient participation during hospitalization will promote the patients ́ conduct of everyday life, the cultural knowledge of the professionals, and the democratization of the healthcare sector. Such changes might be connected to a more encompassing democratic societal development – in Greenland as well as globally.
Ideal in mathematics
Authors: Roth Wolff-Michael
Published: February 2022

The theory of knowledge objectification, initially presented and developed by Luis Radford, has gained some traction in the field of mathematics education. As with any developing theory, its presentation contains statements that may contradict its stated intents; and these problems are exacerbated in its uptake into the work of other scholars. The purpose of this study is to articulate a Spinozist-Marxian approach, in which the objectification exists not in things—semiotic means that mediate interactions—but as real relation between people. As a consequence, the (problematic) concept of mediation is unnecessary and can be abandoned. A concrete classroom example from Radford’s own studies is used to exemplify and develop pertinent issues. In particular, the societal nature of the ideal—a synecdoche of relations between objects that reflect relations between people—should be added and the notion of (sign) mediation no longer is required.
Star Power
Authors: Bécoulet Alain
Published: February 2022

A concise and accessible explanation of the science and technology behind the domestication of nuclear fusion energy.

Nuclear fusion research tells us that the Sun uses one gram of hydrogen to make as much energy as can be obtained by burning eight tons of petroleum. If nuclear fusion—the process that makes the stars shine—could be domesticated for commercial energy production, the world would gain an inexhaustible source of energy that neither depletes natural resources nor produces greenhouse gases. In Star Power, Alan Bécoulet offers a concise and accessible primer on fusion energy, explaining the science and technology of nuclear fusion and describing the massive international scientific effort to achieve commercially viable fusion energy.

Bécoulet draws on his work as Head of Engineering at ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) to explain how scientists are trying to “put the sun in a box.” He surveys the history of nuclear power, beginning with post–World War II efforts to use atoms for peaceful purposes, and describes how energy is derived from fusion, explaining that the essential principle of fusion is based on the capacity of nucleons (protons and neutrons) to assemble and form structures (atomic nuclei) in spite of electrical repulsion between protons, which all have a positive charge. He traces the evolution of fusion research and development, mapping the generation of electric current though fusion.

The ITER project marks a giant step in the development of fusion energy, with the potential to demonstrate the feasibility of a nuclear fusion reactor. Star Power offers an introduction to what may be the future of energy production.
Multiple 9-1-1 complexes promote homolog synapsis, DSB repair, and ATR signaling during mammalian meiosis
Authors: Pereira Catalina , Arroyo-Martinez Gerardo A , Guo Matthew Z , Downey Michael S , Kelly Emma R , Grive Kathryn J , Mahadevaiah Shantha K , Sims Jennie R , Faca Vitor M , Tsai Charlton , Schiltz Carl J , Wit Niek , Jacobs Heinz , Clark Nathan L , Freire Raimundo , Turner James , Lyndaker Amy M , Brieno-Enriquez Miguel A , Cohen Paula E , Smolka Marcus B , Weiss Robert S
Published: February 2022

DNA damage response mechanisms have meiotic roles that ensure successful gamete formation. While completion of meiotic double-strand break (DSB) repair requires the canonical RAD9A-RAD1-HUS1 (9A-1-1) complex, mammalian meiocytes also express RAD9A and HUS1 paralogs, RAD9B and HUS1B, predicted to form alternative 9-1-1 complexes. The RAD1 subunit is shared by all predicted 9-1-1 complexes and localizes to meiotic chromosomes even in the absence of HUS1 and RAD9A. Here, we report that testis-specific disruption of RAD1 in mice resulted in impaired DSB repair, germ cell depletion, and infertility. Unlike Hus1 or Rad9a disruption, Rad1 loss in meiocytes also caused severe defects in homolog synapsis, impaired phosphorylation of ATR targets such as H2AX, CHK1, and HORMAD2, and compromised meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. Together, these results establish critical roles for both canonical and alternative 9-1-1 complexes in meiotic ATR activation and successful prophase I completion.
Human embryoid bodies as a novel system for genomic studies of functionally diverse cell types
Authors: Rhodes Katherine , Barr Kenneth A , Popp Joshua M , Strober Benjamin J , Battle Alexis , Gilad Yoav
Published: February 2022

Practically all studies of gene expression in humans to date have been performed in a relatively small number of adult tissues. Gene regulation is highly dynamic and context-dependent. In order to better understand the connection between gene regulation and complex phenotypes, including disease, we need to be able to study gene expression in more cell types, tissues, and states that are relevant to human phenotypes. In particular, we need to characterize gene expression in early development cell types, as mutations that affect developmental processes may be of particular relevance to complex traits. To address this challenge, we propose to use embryoid bodies (EBs), which are organoids that contain a multitude of cell types in dynamic states. EBs provide a system in which one can study dynamic regulatory processes at an unprecedentedly high resolution. To explore the utility of EBs, we systematically explored cellular and gene expression heterogeneity in EBs from multiple individuals. We characterized the various cell types that arise from EBs, the extent to which they recapitulate gene expression in vivo, and the relative contribution of technical and biological factors to variability in gene expression, cell composition, and differentiation efficiency. Our results highlight the utility of EBs as a new model system for mapping dynamic inter-individual regulatory differences in a large variety of cell types.
Coupling of pupil- and neuronal population dynamics reveals diverse influences of arousal on cortical processing
Authors: Pfeffer Thomas , Keitel Christian , Kluger Daniel S , Keitel Anne , Russmann Alena , Thut Gregor , Donner Tobias H , Gross Joachim
Published: February 2022

Fluctuations in arousal, controlled by subcortical neuromodulatory systems, continuously shape cortical state, with profound consequences for information processing. Yet, how arousal signals influence cortical population activity in detail has so far only been characterized for a few selected brain regions. Traditional accounts conceptualize arousal as a homogeneous modulator of neural population activity across the cerebral cortex. Recent insights, however, point to a higher specificity of arousal effects on different components of neural activity and across cortical regions. Here, we provide a comprehensive account of the relationships between fluctuations in arousal and neuronal population activity across the human brain. Exploiting the established link between pupil size and central arousal systems, we performed concurrent magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and pupillographic recordings in a large number of participants, pooled across three laboratories. We found a cascade of effects relative to the peak timing of spontaneous pupil dilations: Decreases in low-frequency (2–8 Hz) activity in temporal and lateral frontal cortex, followed by increased high-frequency (>64 Hz) activity in mid-frontal regions, followed by monotonic and inverted U relationships with intermediate frequency-range activity (8–32 Hz) in occipito-parietal regions. Pupil-linked arousal also coincided with widespread changes in the structure of the aperiodic component of cortical population activity, indicative of changes in the excitation-inhibition balance in underlying microcircuits. Our results provide a novel basis for studying the arousal modulation of cognitive computations in cortical circuits.
Covalent inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 disconnects the transduction of ER stress signals to inflammation and lipid accumulation in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Luo Dan , Fan Ni , Zhang Xiuying , Ngo Fung Yin , Zhao Jia , Zhao Wei , Huang Ming , Li Ding , Wang Yu , Rong Jianhui
Published: February 2022

Targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunctions may halt the pathogenesis of obesity and thereby reduce the prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disesases, and cancers. The present study was designed to elucidate the mechnaisms by which plant-derived celastrol ameliorated inflammation and lipid accumulation in obesity. The mouse model of diet-induced obesity was induced by feeding high-fat diet for 3 months and subsequently intervented with celastrol for 21 days. Hepatic and adipose tissues were analyzed for lipid accumulation, macrophage activation, and biomarker expression. As result, celastrol effectively reduced body weight, suppressed ER stress, inflammation, and lipogenesis while promoted hepatic lipolysis. RNA-sequencing revealed that celastrol-loaded nanomicelles restored the expression of 49 genes that regulate ER stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. On the other hand, celastrol-PEG4-alkyne was synthesized for identifying celastrol-bound proteins in RAW264.7 macrophages. ER chaperone GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein) was identified by proteomics approach for celastrol binding to the residue Cys41. Upon binding and conjugation, celastrol diminished the chaperone activity of GRP78 by 130-fold and reduced ER stress in palmitate-challenged cells, while celastrol analog lacking quinone methide failed to exhibit antiobesity effects. Thus, covalent GRP78 inhibition may induce the reprograming of ER signaling, inflammation, and metabolism against diet-induced obesity.
Students’ Interprofessional Collaboration in Clinical Practice: Ways of Organizing the Patient Encounter
Authors: Törnqvist Tove , Tingström Pia , Lindh Falk Annika , Abrandt Dahlgren Madeleine
Published: February 2022

As health care increases its focus on collaborative practice, universities must provide students with opportunities to learn how to collaborate with different professions and translate this knowledge into practice, known as interprofessional education. Simultaneously, researchers struggle to understand the full complexity of interprofessional education and must therefore conduct multiple-site studies, employ observational work, and apply theory throughout the research process.This paper draws on focused ethnographic fieldwork at two different sites focusing on how students organize collaboration during interprofessional clinical placements. Findings indicate that the way students organize their collaboration is intertwined with how patients were introduced during handovers and involved mobilizing knowledge as “betwixt and between” familiar student practices and unfamiliar clinical practices. Findings also show how authentic situations, artifacts and spatial features supported students to mobilize collaboration.
Cathepsin S are involved in human carotid atherosclerotic disease progression, mainly by mediating phagosomes: bioinformatics and in vivo and vitro experiments
Authors: Wang Hailong , Jiang Haiying , Cheng Xian Wu
Published: February 2022

Background

Atherosclerosis emerges as a result of multiple dynamic cell processes including endothelial damage, inflammatory and immune cell infiltration, foam cell formation, plaque rupture, and thrombosis. Animal experiments have indicated that cathepsins (CTSs) mediate the antigen transmission and inflammatory response involved in the atherosclerosis process, but the specific signal pathways and target cells of the CTSs involved in atherosclerosis are unknown.

Methods

We used the GEO query package to download the dataset GSE28829 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and filtered the data to check the standardization of the samples through the box chart. We then used the ‘limma’ package to analyze between-group differences and selected the corresponding differentially expressed genes of CTSs from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network constructed with the STRING database, and then visualized the CTS-target genes. The best matching pathway and target cells were verified by a male mouse ligation experiment, single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) analysis, and vitro experiment.

Results

There were 275 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) selected from the GSE28829 dataset, and the DEGs were identified mainly in the PPI network; 58 core genes (APOE, CD74, CP, AIF1, etc.) target three selected CTS family members (CTSS, CTSB, and CTSC). After the enriched analysis, 15 CTS-target genes were markedly enriched in the phagosome signaling pathway. The mouse experiment results revealed that the percentages and numbers of monocytes and neutrophils and the number of CD68+ cells in CTSS deficiency (CatS−/−) group were lower than those in the wildtype (CatS+/+) group. CTSS mediating phagosome via macrophage were further verified by ssGSEA analysis and vitro experiment.

Conclusions

CTSS are the main target molecules in the CTS family that are involved in atherosclerosis. The molecule participate in the progression of atherosclerosis by mediating the phagosome via macrophage.
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Clevira as an Add on Drug in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Positive PatientsA Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Narayanababu R , Kannan S Ramesh , Lenin R , Sakthibalan M , Sudha KM , Gowtham K , Paul Arther , David Esekia
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a devastating pandemic. Despite the worldwide efforts to find a therapeutic strategy and prophylaxis, we have not attained a complete success. Hence, there exists an urgent need for development of alternative solutions from Ayurveda system of medicine for COVID-19. Aim: To evaluate clevira, a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation, for its efficacy and safety in treatment of mild to moderate COVID19 patients as an add on drug. Materials and Methods: This randomised control trial was carried out from May 2020 to July 2020, in 100 patients (50 in test group and 50 in control group) confirmed with COVID19 infection (mild to moderate cases) by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) at a tertiary care Government Medical College and Hospital in Chennai, India. The test group received tablet clevira orally twice daily after food, in the morning and night for 14 days, as an add on, in addition to standard care of treatment as received by the control group. The primary outcome was assessment of clinical recovery, proportion of patients with swabs negative for COVID19 in RT-PCR and reduction of Viral cycle threshold ratio. The results of the both group were analysed and compared using Chi-square test and student’s t-test. Results: Significant improvement (p-value=0.0338) was seen in patients on day 5, who got treated with clevira as add on drug. An 86% (43) of patients turned out to be COVID-19 RTPCR test negative on day 5 while in the control group 66% (33) of patients turned out to be negative. There was a statistically significant difference (p-value=0.0196) between the test and control groups on comparing the mean difference in CT value results between day 1 and day 5. Clevira when given in addition to the standard of care, showed a significant improvement in signs and symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Clevira, with its polyherbal ingredients show a significant antiviral action against coronavirus when given in addition to the standard of care medications suggested by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), over a period of 14 days in treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 patients.