bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A compreensão das necessidades de saúde segundo usuários de um serviço de saúde: subsídios para a enfermagem
Authors: Franco Fernanda Aparecida , Hino Paula , Nichiata Lúcia Yasuko Izumi , Bertolozzi Maria Rita
Published: February 2012

Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, com objetivo de conhecer o conceito de necessidades de saúde, segundo a percepção de usuários de um serviço de saúde do Município de São Paulo. Foram realizadas 15 entrevistas por meio de roteiro semiestruturado, em dezembro de 2008. A leitura exaustiva do material permitiu a apreensão de elementos que compõem a classificação baseada na Taxonomia de Necessidades. As necessidades de saúde foram relacionadas à presença de emprego, moradia e condições de saneamento básico, bem como acesso às consultas médicas, medicação e realização de exames. Também foi reconhecida a necessidade relacionada ao vínculo entre usuário e equipe de saúde, manifesta como desejo de atendimento gentil e com maior disponibilidade de tempo. Ressalta-se a necessidade de instrumentos que auxiliem o profissional da área da Saúde Coletiva a identificar as necessidades de saúde dos usuários, que não se limitam às de âmbito biológico.
Arco de Charles Maguerez: refletindo estratégias de metodologia ativa na formação de profissionais de saúde
Authors: Prado Marta Lenise do , Velho Manuela Beatriz , Espíndola Daniela Simoni , Sobrinho Sandra Hilda , Backes Vânia Marli Schubert
Published: February 2012

A educação superior na área da saúde vem passando por profundas mudanças para acompanhar as correntes de pensamento que norteiam a formação do profissional e do docente. Novas tendências pedagógicas apontam a necessidade da formação de um profissional crítico-reflexivo, capaz de transformar sua realidade social. Este artigo trata-se de um relato de experiência que teve por objetivo apresentar as vivências no desenvolvimento de um seminário durante uma disciplina do mestrado, no curso de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, ao abordar o tema Metodologia Ativa como a Problematização e a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas, por meio da utilização do Arco de Charles Maguerez, seguindo as etapas de observação da realidade, pontos-chave, teorização, hipótese de solução e aplicação na realidade. Essa experiência vivida, a partir da proposta pedagógica, foi significativa e possibilitou aos alunos/docentes repensar e reconstruir suas próprias práticas pedagógicas.
Vibrafone: uma fonte de coloridos sonoros
Authors: Chaib Fernando
Published: February 2012

O artigo aborda questões práticas relativas à performance musical no vibrafone. Conceitos técnicos para a execução do repertório destinado a esse instrumento, geralmente transmitidos via tradição oral, são aqui ilustrados e formalizados afim de estabelecer um critério mínimo na bibliografia especializada em performance musical. Para isso são utilizados exemplos musicais extraídos de obras consagradas no cenário musical contemporâneo. Este trabalho poderá servir como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento pedagógico e artístico de percussionistas e compositores.
Abordagem ecológica para avaliação dos determinantes de comportamentos preventivos: proposta de inventário aplicado aos músicos
Authors: Fragelli Thaís Branquinho Oliveira , Günther Isolda de Araújo
Published: February 2012

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo construir um inventário para avaliar os determinantes do comportamento saudável presente nos ambientes social e físico, relacionado à prevenção de lesões ocupacionais em músicos. O processo de construção do inventário baseou-se nas diretrizes para construção de instrumentos psicológicos preconizadas por PASQUALI (1999) e na conceituação formulada pela perspectiva ecológica. A partir desse referencial propõe-se um modelo para analisar o comportamento preventivo fundamentado em três componentes: a) as crenças de profissionais da música sobre o comportamento preventivo; b) uma avaliação das condições de trabalho disponibilizadas nos espaços para a prática musical; c) e a influência social no meio musical.
Avaliação fisioterapêutica nos músicos de uma orquestra filarmônica
Authors: Subtil Marina Medici Loureiro , Bonomo Lívia Maria Marques
Published: February 2012

Pesquisa exploratória com 40 músicos sobre do risco de surgimento de distúrbios ósteo-musculares relacionados ao trabalho, o mobiliário utilizado pelos musicistas e as posturas adotadas durante os ensaios da Orquestra Filarmônica do Espírito Santo (OFES). A avaliação postural visual utilizou o REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) e as cadeiras e estantes de partitura foram avaliadas seguindo critérios ergonômicos. Os resultados indicam o desajuste postural dos músicos durante os ensaios, assim como a irregularidade do mobiliário utilizado, apontando para a necessidade de ações fisioterápicas imediatas tanto para reabilitação quanto para prevenção de lesões.
A motivação para o desenvolvimento do trabalho de músicos de orquestra
Authors: Kothe Fausto , Teixeira Clarissa Stefani , Pereira Érico Felden , Merino Eugenio Andrés Díaz
Published: February 2012

A motivação pode interferir na profissão musical, principalmente, pela necessidade constante da prática instrumental. No entanto, a literatura especializada não apresenta com clareza os principais fatores motivacionais para esta atividade profissional. Assim, buscou-se identificar os fatores relacionados à motivação para o desenvolvimento do trabalho de 22 instrumentistas de uma orquestra semi-profissional da região Sul do Brasil. A motivação foi avaliada por meio do questionário de FERREIRA et al. (2006) que apresenta 28 questões que buscam avaliar a motivação para o desenvolvimento das atividades profissionais relacionadas com a organização do trabalho, com realização e poder, com o desempenho e motivação associada ao envolvimento. Para a análise dos dados foi realizada a estatística descritiva por meio de média e desvio padrão e análise fatorial. Os resultados demonstraram que os fatores com a maior pontuação estão associados à motivação para a realização profissional e ao poder dentro da orquestra e com a motivação para o desenvolvimento das atividades profissionais relacionadas com a organização do trabalho. Essas informações se refletem nos resultados da análise fatorial que também indicou ambos os domínios como maior poder de explicação para se ter motivação para o desenvolvimento da prática junto ao instrumento. De forma geral, pode-se dizer que os instrumentistas encontram-se motivados para a realização do trabalho.
Reciclar e colar: os papéis do compositor e do intérprete na criação colaborativa
Authors: Serale Daniel
Published: February 2012

Este artigo analisa a interconexão entre compositor e intérprete no processo de criação colaborativa. Neste processo, exemplificado através da obra Recycling Collaging Sampling de Edson Zampronha, a interação de ambos papeis resulta em um trabalho cuja pertencência e autoria são igualmente compartilhados.
Força muscular respiratória: comparação entre nuligestas e primigestas
Authors: Bezerra Milena Andrade Barbosa , Nunes Patrícia Cysneiros , Lemos Andréa
Published: February 2012

A gestação influencia o sistema respiratório originando mudanças anatômicas e fisiológicas que podem repercutir nos índices da força muscular respiratória. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a pressão respiratória máxima entre nuligestas e primigestas no terceiro trimestre gestacional e associá-la ao predito por Neder et al.,1999. Foi realizado estudo do tipo corte transversal com 80 mulheres (40 nuligestas e 40 primigestas no terceiro trimestre gestacional) entre 20 e 29 anos, eutróficas e sem histórico de doença cardiorrespiratória. A média dos valores obtidos para pressão inspiratória máxima (Pimáx) foi: -93,95 cmH2O nas nuligestas e -87,78 cmH2O nas primigestas, mostrando haver diferença estatística (p=0,0182). Para pressão expiratória máxima (Pemáx) foram alcançados 98,28 cmH2O e 96,73 cmH2O, respectivamente, não sendo estatisticamente significante (p=0,710). Não obstante,as modificações anatômicas e fisiológicas ocorridas durante a gestação verificou-se que apenas a Pimáx estava diminuída quando comparada ao grupo das nuligestas, enquanto que a Pemáx não apresentou alteração significativa. No mais, não foi observada concordância entre valores encontrados e preditos por Neder et al., 1999.
Riscos de lesão musculoesquelética em diferentes setores de uma empresa calçadista
Authors: Lourinho Mayra Guasti , Negreiros Glenda Rocha , Almeida Larissa Brentini de , Vieira Edgar Ramos , Quemelo Paulo Roberto Veiga
Published: February 2012

Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT) podem ser decorrentes de esforços repetitivos e condições ergonômicas inadequadas. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar atividades ocupacionais de trabalhadores em diferentes setores de uma empresa calçadista. Cinquenta trabalhadores foram avaliados utilizando a Avaliação Rápida dos Membros Superiores (RULA), o Índice de Sobrecarga (IS) e o questionário Censo de Ergonomia. De acordo com o RULA, 96% dos funcionários (n=48) foram classificados como nível 3 ou 4 e apenas 4% dos funcionários (n=2) foram classificados como nível 2. Em relação ao IS, indicou alto risco de DORT (IS=13,5) nos setores de corte, preparação, pesponto e acabamento; enquanto que no setor de montagem o valor foi ainda mais alto: 40,5 (p=0,001). Em relação ao questionário, foi observado que os funcionários do setor de corte (n=9), preparação (n=9), pesponto (n=8), montagem (n=5) e acabamento (n=9) sentem algum tipo de dor musculoesquelética. Conclui-se que todos os setores analisados apresentam riscos posturais, sendo que o setor de montagem apresentou maior risco para DORT devido à alta repetitividade das tarefas e que a prevalência de dor dentre os funcionários é de 80%.
Influência da Escola de Postura na qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional, intensidade de dor e flexibilidade de trabalhadores administrativos
Authors: Nogueira Helen Cristina , Navega Marcelo Tavella
Published: February 2012

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os efeitos de um programa "Escola de Postura" em relação à qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional, intensidade de dor e flexibilidade em trabalhadores com dor lombar inespecífica. Participaram 33 trabalhadores do setor administrativo. O programa foi realizado em sete encontros com quatro grupos (com sete ou oito participantes), uma vez por semana, com duração de uma hora cada. Antes e após a intervenção, os voluntários responderam ao questionário de qualidade de vida Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) e ao questionário de incapacidade funcional Roland-Morris, realizaram o teste sentar e alcançar com o banco de Wells e assinalaram a intensidade de dor na escala visual analógica. O teste estatístico de Shapiro-Wilk foi usado para analisar a normalidade de distribuição dos dados. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste Wilcoxon e pelo teste t de Student, com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Foi observada melhora da qualidade de vida em sete domínios do SF-36 (p<0,005), da incapacidade funcional (p<0,005), da intensidade de dor (p<0,005) e da flexibilidade (p<0,005). O índice de adesão foi de 58,93%. O programa "Escola de Postura" proposto melhorou significativamente a qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional, flexibilidade e intensidade de dor de adultos trabalhadores de setores administrativos.
A existência de alterações neurofisiológicas pode auxiliar na compreensão do papel da hipotonia no desenvolvimento motor dos indivíduos com síndrome de Down?
Authors: Corrêa João Carlos Ferrari , Oliveira Adriano Rodrigues de , Oliveira Cláudia Santos , Corrêa Fernanda Ishida
Published: February 2012

A proposta deste estudo foi analisar e verificar a existência de alterações neurofisiológicas nos indivíduos com síndrome de Down, como a hiporreflexia, estática e dinâmica, que, se presente, pode ocasionar prejuízo no controle sensório-motor dos músculos, e consequentemente a hipotonia, contribuindo para alterações no desenvolvimento motor. O sinal eletromiográfico (EMG), início e término do sinal eletromiográfico, foi coletado de 24 voluntários com diagnóstico de síndrome de Down e 25 voluntários como grupo controle, durante 2 situações distintas: período de latência dinâmico e teste de reflexo monossináptico (estático) patelar e aquileu. Em relação aos aspectos neurofisiológicos, observou-se que, para todas as variáveis analisadas, houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) entre os grupos. A existência de alterações neurofisiológicas (retardo do período de latência) comprovadas neste estudo, oriundas de um prejuízo no controle sensório-motor, as quais podem ser responsáveis pela hipotonia muscular, mostrou-se como um dos vários possíveis fatores determinantes pelas alterações no desenvolvimento motor dessas crianças, tornando-se importante devido às alterações neuromusculares que podem interferir nas atividades funcionais.
Effects of nutrients enrichment on algal communities: an experimental in mesocosms approach
Authors: Felisberto Sirlene Aparecida , Leandrini Josimeire Aparecida , Rodrigues Liliana
Published: February 2012

AIM: The effect of different concentrations of nutrients on algal communities living at the bottom of mesocosms was examined; METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the tributary of Rosana reservoir (Corvo river) from November 22nd to December 16th of 2003. Mesocosms were set up in triplicate, with four treatments: nitrogen (N); phosphorus (P); nitrogen plus phosphorus (NP); plus a control treatment (C), consisting in addition of water from the reservoir; RESULTS: Results of the Principal Components Analysis applied on the abiotic variables have shown that two axes explained 93.6% of the total variability (69.6 and 23.9%, respectively). It was possible to identify a group of P (positive) and N (negative) treatments of axis 1. The addition of nutrients in the experiment resulted in changes in algal composition. Mean values of density ranged from 8.383 to 34.510 ind.mL-1. Higher densities occurred in the phosphorus and nitrogen plus phosphorus treatments. The most representative classes were Zygnemaphyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanobacteria, both in density and species richness; CONCLUSIONS: Phosphorus seems to be beneficial to green algae in general, since a marked increase in Zygnemaphyceae and Chlorophyceae was found in the treatments containing phosphorus and nitrogen plus phosphorus. In the nitrogen treatment, however, green algae decreased dramatically, while Cyanobacteria remained constant, indicating their capacity to live in changed environments and confirms the limiting role played by phosphorus on the algal groups.
Density and body size of the larval stages of the invasive golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) in two neotropical rivers
Authors: Eilers Vivianne , Oliveira Márcia Divina de , Roche Kennedy Francis
Published: February 2012

AIM: The present study involved an analysis of the monthly variations in the population densities and body sizes of the different stages of planktonic larvae of the invasive golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei), in the rivers Paraguay and Miranda; METHODS: The study was carried out between February 2004 and January 2005. Monthly collection of the plankton samples was accompanied by physical, chemical and biological analyses of the water; RESULTS: The Miranda River presented higher values of calcium, pH, alkalinity, conductivity and total phosphorous. Larval density varied from 0-24 individuals.L-1 in the Paraguay River, with a peak in March of 2004, while in the Miranda River, densities varied between 0-9 individuals.L-1 with a peak in February of 2004. No larvae were encountered during the coldest months, May and June. No significant correlations were found between environmental variables and larval density in either river. Only the valved larval stages were recorded. The "D" and veliger forms were most abundant; umbonate larvae were rare in the Miranda River samples. Mean body sizes of "D", veliger and umbonate larval stages were, respectively, 111, 135 and 152 µm, in the Paraguay River, and 112, 134 and 154 µm in the Miranda River. Principal Components Analysis indicated positive relationships between "D" larval stage size and the ratio between inorganic and organic suspended solids, while negative relationships were found between larval size and calcium and chlorophyll-; CONCLUSIONS: The larvae were recorded in the plankton during most of the year, with the exception of the two colder months. Neither densities nor larval stage body sizes were significantly different between the two rivers. Possible positive effects of food and calcium concentrations on body size were not recorded. This species may be adapted to grow in environments with elevated sediment concentrations.
The “cultural filter,” human transport of mussel shell, and the applied potential of zooarchaeological data
Authors: Peacock Evan , Randklev Charles R. , Wolverton Steve , Palmer Ronald A. , Zaleski Sarah
Published: February 2012

Large assemblages of animal bones and/or shells from archaeological sites can provide data valuable for modern conservation efforts, e.g., by providing accurate historical baselines for species reintroductions or habitat restoration. Such data are underused by natural scientists, partly due to assumptions that archaeological materials are too biased by prehistoric human actions (the so‐called “cultural filter”) to accurately reflect past biotic communities. In order to address many paleobiological, archaeological, or applied research questions, data on past species, communities, and populations must first be demonstrated to be representative at the appropriate level. We discuss different ways in which one kind of cultural bias, human transport of specimens, can be tested at different scales, using freshwater mussel shells from prehistoric sites in the Tombigbee River basin of Mississippi and Alabama to show how representativeness of samples can be assessed.
Population density of black-faced lion tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara)
Authors: Nascimento Alexandre T. Amaral , Prado Fabiana , Valladares-Padua Claudio B. , Júnior Paulo Marco
Published: February 2012

Here we present the results of a population survey of the black-faced lion tamarin, Leontopithecus caissara, on Superagüi Island, and we extrapolate this estimation to the entire population. We used the linear transect method for surveys of the area from November 2000 to January 2002. When lion tamarins were seen in transects, we noted the perpendicular distance from the path and the number of individuals sighted in a cluster. Using the software Distance 4.0 we estimated a density of 1.79 individuals/km² and a population of 205 individuals (95% CI: 79 – 537 ind/km²) on the Superagüi Island. The extrapolation of these results to populations on the mainland gave us an estimate of 187 individuals (95% CI: 72 – 489 ind/km²). Our estimate for the total population is 392 individuals (95% CI: 218 – 1,026 ind/km²). The lower population density of L. caissara compared to other species of the genus, in combination with its very small geographic range, indicate that it is critically endangered. We also discuss some aspects of the limitations of the linear transect method when densities are extremely low. The Distance 4.0 software suggested a minimum of 30 sightings for a density estimate; but from the sighting frequency in our study this would require 2,489 hours and 883 surveys, not logistically viable.
Combined Use of Vitamin D Status and FGF23 for Risk Stratification of Renal Outcome
Authors: Nakano Chikako , Hamano Takayuki , Fujii Naohiko , Matsui Isao , Tomida Kodo , Mikami Satoshi , Inoue Kazunori , Obi Yoshitsugu , Okada Noriyuki , Tsubakihara Yoshiharu , Isaka Yoshitaka , Rakugi Hiromi
Published: February 2012

Background and objectives

Hyperphosphatemia, vitamin D deficiency, hyperparathyroidism, and high serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels, when studied separately, were found to predict the progression of CKD. However, studies with simultaneous measurement of mineral bone disorder (MBD)–related factors were scarce. This study aimed to identify factors predicting renal outcome independent of other factors.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This was a prospective cohort study of 738 Japanese predialysis outpatients in the nephrology departments of two hospitals. The outcome was defined as a doubling of serum creatinine or initiation of dialysis.

Results

Mean estimated GFR (eGFR) was 35 ml/min per 1.73 m2. At enrollment, the increase in intact FGF23 with decreasing eGFR was the earliest among changes in MBD-related factors, followed by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D decrease, parathyroid hormone increase, and phosphate increase. During a median duration of 4.4 years, 213 patients reached the endpoint. In a multivariable Cox model, high FGF23 and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) levels were the only MBD-related factors associated with a higher risk of renal endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] per unit change of log FGF23 and 10 ng/ml of 25D: 1.83 [1.28–2.61] and 0.61 [0.41–0.90], respectively). There was no significant interaction between 25D and FGF23 (P=0.11). Active vitamin D therapy, serum phosphate, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone levels were not related to the renal endpoint. Treating death as a competing risk or multiple imputation for missing values yielded similar results.

Conclusions

Combined use of two markers is useful for the risk stratification of renal outcome.
Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in the Rat With an Allele-Specific Anti–T-Cell Receptor Antibody
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Cort Laura , Eberwine Ryan , Herrmann Thomas , Leif Jean H. , Greiner Dale L. , Yahalom Barak , Blankenhorn Elizabeth P. , Mordes John P.
Published: February 2012

In earlier studies of the Iddm14 diabetes susceptibility locus in the rat, we identified an allele of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β-chain, Tcrb-V13S1A1, as a candidate gene. To establish its importance, we treated susceptible rats with a depleting anti-rat Vβ13 monoclonal antibody and then exposed them to either polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid or a diabetogenic virus to induce diabetes. The overall frequency of diabetes in the controls was 74% (n = 50), compared with 17% (n = 30) in the anti-Vβ13–treated animals, with minimal islet pathology in nondiabetic treated animals. T cells isolated from islets on day 5 after starting induction showed a greater proportion of Vβ13+ T cells than did peripheral lymph node T cells. Vβ13 transcripts recovered from day 5 islets revealed focused Jβ usage and less CDR3 diversity than did transcripts from peripheral Vβ13+ T cells. CDR3 usage was not skewed in control Vβ16 CDR3 transcripts. Anti-rat Vβ13 antibody also prevented spontaneous diabetes in BBDP rats. The Iddm14 gene is likely to be Tcrb-V13, indicating that TCR β-chain usage is a determinant of susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes in rats. It may be possible to prevent autoimmune diabetes by targeting a limited element of the T-cell repertoire.
Rab3D regulates amylase levels, not agonist-induced amylase release, in AR42J cells
Authors: Limi Saima , Ojakian George , Raffaniello Robert
Published: February 2012

Rab3D is a low molecular weight GTP-binding protein that associates with secretory granules in exocrine cells. AR42J cells are derived from rat pancreatic exocrine tumor cells and develop an acinar cell-like phenotype when treated with dexamethasone (Dex). In the present study, we examined the role of Rab3D in Dex-treated AR42J cells. Rab3D expression and localization were analyzed by subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting. The role of Rab3D was examined by overexpressing myc-labeled wild-type-Rab3D and a constitutively active form of Rab3D (Rab3D-Q81L) in AR42J cells. We found that Rab3D is predominantly membrane-associated in AR42J cells and co-localizes with zymogen granules (ZG). Following CCK-8-induced exocytosis, amylase-positive ZGs appeared to move towards the periphery of the cell and co-localization between Rab3D and amylase was less complete when compared to basal conditions. Overexpression of WT, but not mutant Rab3D, resulted in an increase in cellular amylase levels. Overexpression of mutant and WT Rab3D did not affect granule morphology, CCK-8-induced secretion, long-term (48 hr) basal amylase release or granule density. We conclude that Rab3D is not involved in agonist-induced exocytosis in AR42J cells. Instead, Rab3D may regulate amylase content in these cells.
Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine
Authors: Kuzmina T.
Published: February 2012

Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine

Analysis of regional peculiarities of species composition and structure of strongylid communities in domestic horses from various parts of Ukraine is presented. More than 86,000 strongylid specimens were collected using the diagnostic deworming technique from 180 horses in 10 regions (Kyivska, Kyrovogradska, Poltavska, Kharkivska, Sumska, Donetska, Ternopilska, Zakarpatska, Khersonska and AR Crimea) and identified to the species level. Thirty-three strongylid species from 12 genera were found - 26 species in the subfamily Cyathostominae and seven - in the subfamily Strongylinae. General structure of the strongylid community appeared to be multimodal. The highest biodiversity of strongylids was found in horses from Southern regions of Ukraine (29 species from 12 genera) and the lowest in Eastern regions (15 species from six genera). However, no statistically significant differences in species composition of strongylid communities in horses from various regions of Ukraine were found (p > 0.05). Comparison of strongylid biodiversity in domestic horses from Ukraine with that from others countries revealed the highest similarity of the strongylid communities from Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Poland; the lowest was in horses from South Africa and north-western Europe (France and the UK). Our results showed that the peculiarities of horse-keeping conditions influenced the biodiversity of the strongylid communities in domestic horses much more than climatic conditions in various regions.
The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species
Authors: Gnelitsa V.
Published: February 2012

The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species

The data on biology of three species of the genus Sintula Simon, 1884 with their distribution in Ukraine are presented. Sintula solitarius Gnelitsa, sp. n. from the Crimean Peninsula is described. The genitalia of all four species are depicted.
New Finds of Tokophrya Wenzeli (Ciliophora, Suctorea), a Commensal of Water Mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia), and the Redescription of the Species
Authors: Dovgal I. , Zawal A. , Pešić V.
Published: February 2012

New Finds ofTokophrya Wenzeli(Ciliophora, Suctorea), a Commensal of Water Mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia), and the Redescription of the Species

The article deals with investigations of suctorian speciesTokophrya wenzeliMatthes et Stiebler, 1970 which was observed in waterbodies of Ukraine, Poland and Macedonia. New observations permit to precise the morphology of tentacles and show the variability of such sufficient characters of the species as morphology of basal plate, stalk and actinophores. The redescription of the species is also presented.
First Record of the Genus Myopias (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India, with Description of New Species
Authors: Bharti H. , Wachkoo A.
Published: February 2012

First Record of the Genus Myopias (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India, with Description of New Species

Myopias shivalikensis Bharti et Wachkoo, sp. n. is described based on a single worker, collected in lower Shivalik range (700 m a. s. l.) of Northwest Himalaya by soil core method. The genus Myopias is recorded for the first time in India. M. shivalikensis is a cryptobiotic species with reduced body size and rudimentary eyes. It is similar to M. nops Willey et Brown, 1983, distinctly differing from all described species of this genus.
Preterm discharge effects: Relationship between the maternal experience and newborn's psychobiological regulation
Authors: Sparano Ausilia , Nieznanska Agnieszka , De Berardinis Daniela , Panetta Valentina , Ferri Rosa , Agostino Rocco
Published: February 2012

Preterm discharge effects: Relationship between the maternal experience and newborn's psychobiological regulation

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the past experiences of mothers and their potentially traumatic events during pregnancy may have influenced the processes of psychobiological self-regulation and cognitive development in a child born preterm. Eighty children who had a gestational age of < 32 weeks were examined at the 9th month of the corrected age. The mothers and children were divided in two groups: multipara mothers and their children and the primipara mothers and their children. These children were examined on the basis of sleep disorders, nutritional problems and mental development. Perinatal data from clinical observations and data from standardized developmental tests (BSID, II ed.) were used to describe the differences. The children of primipara mothers who had unexpected preterm delivery presented major incidences of sleep disorders while the children of primipara mothers, who programmed preterm delivery, presented a major incidences of nutrition problems. The predictability of preterm delivery has a major influence on the capacity of newborns for self-regulation in the case of primipara mothers.
Inventory and stage structure of two upper subalpine primary spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] forests in the Jarząbcza and Pyszniańska valleys (Tatra National Park)
Authors: Karczmarski Jan , Bryniarska Celina
Published: February 2012

Budowa i struktura górnoreglowych borów świerkowych [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] o charakterze pierwotnym w dolinach Jarząbczej i Pyszniańskiej (Tatrzański Park Narodowy)
Effect of soil moisture and soil type on the growth of mycorrhizal seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Buraczyk Włodzimierz , Szeligowski Henryk , Drozdowski Stanisław , Aleksandrowicz-Trzcińska Marta
Published: February 2012

Wpływ wilgotności i gatunku gleby na wzrost mikoryzowanych sadzonek sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestrisL.)
The specificity of forestry in different regions of the Ukraine
Authors: Boiko Sergii
Published: February 2012

Specyfika leśnictwa regionów Ukrainy
Ion-Induced Surface Modification of Magnetically Operated Contacts
Authors: Arushanov Karen , Zeltser Igor , Karabanov Sergey , Maizels Rafail , Moos Evgeny , Tolstoguzov Alexander
Published: February 2012

A study has been made of permalloy (iron-nickel) contacts of reed switches before and after ion-induced surface modification using atomic force and optical microscopy, Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been found that the formation of surface nitride layers enhances corrosion and erosion resistance of contacts. We proposed to produce such layers directly into sealed reed switches by means of pulsing glow-discharge nitrogen plasma.
Prognostics and Health Monitoring of High Power LED
Authors: Sutharssan Thamo , Stoyanov Stoyan , Bailey Chris , Rosunally Yasmine
Published: February 2012

Prognostics is seen as a key component of health usage monitoring systems, where prognostics algorithms can both detect anomalies in the behavior/performance of a micro-device/system, and predict its remaining useful life when subjected to monitored operational and environmental conditions. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are optoelectronic micro-devices that are now replacing traditional incandescent and fluorescent lighting, as they have many advantages including higher reliability, greater energy efficiency, long life time and faster switching speed. For some LED applications there is a requirement to monitor the health of LED lighting systems and predict when failure is likely to occur. This is very important in the case of safety critical and emergency applications. This paper provides both experimental and theoretical results that demonstrate the use of prognostics and health monitoring techniques for high power LEDs subjected to harsh operating conditions.
Acylated mono-, bis- and tris- Cinchona-Based Amines Containing Ferrocene or Organic Residues: Synthesis, Structure and in Vitro Antitumor Activity on Selected Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Károlyi Benedek Imre , Bősze Szilvia , Orbán Erika , Sohár Pál , Drahos László , Gál Emese , Csámpai Antal
Published: February 2012

A series of novel functionalized mono-, bis- and tris-(S)-{[(2S,4R,8R)-8-ethyl-quinuclidin-2-yl](6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)}methanamines including ferrocene-containing derivatives was obtained by the reaction of the precursor amine with a variety of acylation agents. Their in vitro antitumor activity was investigated against human leukemia (HL-60), human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), human hepatoma (HepG2) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-assay and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined. Our data indicate that the precursor amine has no antitumor activity in vitro, but the bis-methanamines with ureido-, thioureido and amide-type linkers display attractive in vitro cytotoxicity and cytostatic effects on HL-60, HepG2, MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells. Besides 1H- and 13C-NMR methods the structures of the new model compounds were also studied by DFT calculations.
Microsatellite markers for the native Texas perennial grass, Panicum hallii (Poaceae)
Authors: Lowry David B. , Purmal Colin T. , Meyer Eli , Juenger Thomas E.
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: We developed microsatellites for Panicum hallii for studies of gene flow, population structure, breeding experiments, and genetic mapping.

• Methods and Results: Next‐generation (454) genomic sequence data were used to design markers. Eighteen robust markers were discovered, 15 of which were polymorphic across six accessions of P. hallii var. hallii. Fourteen of the markers cross‐amplified in a P. capillare accession. For the 15 polymorphic markers, the total number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 26 (mean: 11.0) across six populations (11–19 individuals per population). Observed heterozygosity (mean: 0.031) was 13.7 times lower than the expected heterozygosity (mean: 0.426).

• Conclusions: The deficit of heterozygous individuals is consistent with P. hallii having a high rate of self‐fertilization. These markers will be useful for studies in P. hallii and related species.
Analysis of fluid flow around a beating artificial cilium
Authors: Vilfan Mojca , Kokot Gašper , Vilfan Andrej , Osterman Natan , Kavčič Blaž , Poberaj Igor , Babič Dušan
Published: February 2012

Biological cilia are found on surfaces of some microorganisms and on surfaces of many eukaryotic cells where they interact with the surrounding fluid. The periodic beating of the cilia is asymmetric, resulting in directed swimming of unicellular organisms or in generation of a fluid flow above a ciliated surface in multicellular ones. Following the biological example, externally driven artificial cilia have recently been successfully implemented as micropumps and mixers. However, biomimetic systems are useful not only in microfluidic applications, but can also serve as model systems for the study of fundamental hydrodynamic phenomena in biological samples. To gain insight into the basic principles governing propulsion and fluid pumping on a micron level, we investigated hydrodynamics around one beating artificial cilium. The cilium was composed of superparamagnetic particles and driven along a tilted cone by a varying external magnetic field. Nonmagnetic tracer particles were used for monitoring the fluid flow generated by the cilium. The average flow velocity in the pumping direction was obtained as a function of different parameters, such as the rotation frequency, the asymmetry of the beat pattern, and the cilium length. We also calculated the velocity field around the beating cilium by using the analytical far-field expansion. The measured average flow velocity and the theoretical prediction show an excellent agreement.
Environnement urbain et obésité : peut-on transposer en Europe les approches nord-américaines ?
Authors: Dupuy Gabriel , Minster Clotilde , Watel Renaud
Published: February 2012

La plupart des études nord-américaines disponibles sur les liens entre environnement urbain et obésité font état de corrélations entre l’obésité et l’étalement urbain, la motorisation et les contextes urbains non propices à la marche. La possibilité du transfert de ces résultats au cas européen reste cependant à établir. Pour cela, trois terrains de recherche, situés au Luxembourg, en Allemagne et en France ont été analysés. L’étude de ces cas, dont les échelles et les contextes urbains diffèrent, remet en question la transposabilité au cas européen des approches nord-américaines. Les caractéristiques que nous avons étudiées : étalement urbain, motorisation, et « marchabilité » ne semblent pas jouer un rôle décisif dans les cas européens étudiés. Les différences de morphologie urbaine et de fonctionnement de la ville entre l’Europe Occidentale d’une part, et l’ensemble États-Unis/Canada d’autre part, entrent sans doute pour une bonne part dans ce résultat.
Cybernéologisme : Quelques outils informatiques pour l'identification et le traitement des néologismes sur le web
Authors: Issac Fabrice
Published: February 2012

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter un ensemble de techniques liées à la problématique de la détection et du traitement des candidats néologismes. Deux types de néologismes seront étudiés : les néologismes de forme, morphologiques, et les néologismes de syntaxe ou de sens. Pour chacun de ces types, nous présenterons des techniques d’extraction et de classification. Le traitement des néologismes de forme passe par différentes analyses, notamment morphologiques, par l’utilisation d’heuristiques et par l’expertise d’un être humain via une interface adéquate. L’identification d’un néologisme de syntaxe ou de sens est beaucoup plus délicate et se situe à un niveau d’analyse plus élevé. Le problème rencontré ici se focalise non pas sur la classification, mais sur l’élaboration de modèles, tant numériques que formels, suffisamment robustes.
Néologie et description linguistique pour le TAL
Authors: Cartier Emmanuel
Published: February 2012

Dans cet article, nous présentons un travail développé au Laboratoire LDI (CNRS UMR 7187) depuis cinq ans et qui vise à intégrer le travail sur la néologie dans les langues au travers d’une plateforme dont le cœur est un dictionnaire de langue. Cette plateforme vise à décrire les mots et séquences signifiantes des langues, tout en permettant en amont, de rester en contact permanent avec les discours, au travers de procédures de repérage des mots et sens nouveaux ; en aval, de suivre statistiquement la vie des mots et des sens au travers de procédures informatiques. La néologie, dans ce cadre, est un élément pivot du système car un dictionnaire se doit de rendre compte de la vie des sens et des mots, en incluant les mots nouveaux dès qu’ils entrent dans l’usage tout en gérant les mots qui tombent en désuétude. Cet article se compose de trois parties : la première partie présentera l’architecture générale du prototype informatique ; la seconde, le modèle de stockage des néologismes ; la dernière, les procédures de suivi de la vie des néologismes initialement repérés. La partie consacrée au repérage des mots nouveaux est prise en charge dans un autre article de ce numéro.
L'adaptation morphologique des emprunts néologiques : en quoi est-elle précieuse ?
Authors: Anastassiadis-Syméonidis Anna , Nikolaou Georgia
Published: February 2012

Notre recherche nous a permis de constater que l’adaptation morphologique des emprunts néologiques permet l’étude approfondie du système morphologique de la L1 et plus spécialement de sa dynamique, exprimée par ses structures prototypiques, fréquentes et disponibles. En effet, sur un corpus de 1 200 unités lexicales qui sont des emprunts néologiques du grec moderne (GM) au français et à l’anglo-américain, en examinant l’assignation du genre aux 331 substantifs, nous avons trouvé que l’application de quatre règles, régies par l’analogie sémantique, morpho-phonologique et interlinguistique, est en conformité avec les structures prototypiques, fréquentes et disponibles du GM. De même, en ce qui concerne leur adaptation au système flexionnel du GM, les emprunts néologiques montrent une prédilection à se conformer aux classes flexionnelles prototypiques, fréquentes et disponibles du GM.
Approches générationnelles du politique
Authors: Cartier Marie , Spire Alexis
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’enjeu de ce dossier est de revisiter ce lieu commun de la science politique qu’est la notion de génération, pour l’enrichir des avancées récentes des autres sciences sociales. Il s’appuie sur une définition sociologique de la notion de génération inspirée de Karl Mannheim. Pour qu’une génération au sens démographique de cohortes d’âge proches, forme une génération au sens sociologique, il faut non seulement une participation aux mêmes événements et aux mêmes expériences dans les années de formation, mais surtout que celle-ci intervienne dans un « même cadre de vie historico-culturel ». En partant des institutions politiques concrètes et de leurs cohortes plutôt que des événements repérés comme tels par les médias ou les discours dominants, ce dossier explore la socialisation générationnelle de populations parfois peu visibles. Il invite à étudier derrière les prétendus « conflits de génération » le travail proprement politique (de représentation, d’unification, de mobilisation) qui façonne les appartenances et les différends générationnels.
L'engagement des enseignants du secondaire à l'épreuve des générations
Authors: Llobet Aurélie
Published: February 2012

Résumé Sur la base d’une enquête ethnographique, cet article analyse l’évolution de l’engagement des professeurs de l’enseignement secondaire public à l’aune des transformations du métier et de l’institution scolaire. En confrontant les conditions de socialisation professionnelle et les parcours biographiques, il met en lumière trois générations. Plus qu’une opposition entre « vieux » et « jeunes » professeurs accentuant le schème de la dépolitisation, cette analyse montre que les manières de s’investir dans le métier évoluent au cours des carrières professionnelles et remodèlent le sens de l’engagement dans le métier. Malgré une distanciation par rapport aux organisations syndicales, les professeurs font converger pratiques professionnelles et politiques, et reproduisent ainsi le potentiel protestataire des enseignants du secondaire.
Le discours aigre-doux de la controverse scientifique : évolution de la rhétorique des confrontations académiques
Authors: Salager-Meyer Françoise
Published: February 2012

Afin de déterminer l'évolution qualitative et quantitative des références critiques (rCr) et non critiques (rNCr) dans le discours médical du XIXe et du XXe siècle écrit en anglais, nous avons analysé un corpus de 90 articles médicaux publiés entre 1810 et 1995. Les résultats quantitatifs globaux indiquent que les rNCr sont significativement plus fréquentes que les rCr (p=.0001) mais que, lorsque le corpus est analysé de façon diachronique, celui-ci peut être divisé en deux blocs très distincts : A (1810-1929) et B (1930-1995). La proportion rNCr/rCr reste constante pendant les 120 premières années étudiées, mais change radicalement à partir des années 1930. Nos données qualitatives montrent que les rCr du XIXe siècle sont formulées d'une façon beaucoup plus directe, personnelle et « responsable » que celles du XXe siècle. L'évolution constatée du ton des rCr reflète l'évolution d'une médecine individuelle et anecdotique vers une médecine professionnelle et compétitive, où les scientifiques sentent le besoin impérieux de « sauver leur propre face » ainsi que celle de leurs opposants.
Comparison of Speech Intelligibility Measures for An Electronic Amplifying Earmuff and An Identical Passive Attenuation Device
Authors: Byrne David C. , Palmer Catherine V.
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify any differences between speech intelligibility measures obtained with MineEars electronic earmuffs (ProEars, Westcliffe, CO, USA) and the Bilsom model 847 (Sperian Hearing Protection, San Diego, CA, USA), which is a conventional passive-attenuation earmuff. These two devices are closely related, since the MineEars device consisted of a Bilsom 847 earmuff with the addition of electronic amplification circuits. Intelligibility scores were obtained by conducting listening tests with 15 normalhearing human subject volunteers wearing the earmuffs. The primary research objective was to determine whether speech understanding differs between the passive earmuffs and the electronic earmuffs (with the volume control set at three different positions) in a background of 90 dB(A) continuous noise. As expected, results showed that speech intelligibility increased with higher speech-to-noise ratios; however, the electronic earmuff with the volume control set at full-on performed worse than when it was set to off or the lowest on setting. This finding suggests that the maximum volume control setting for these electronic earmuffs may not provide any benefits in terms of increased speech intelligibility in the background noise condition that was tested. Other volume control settings would need to be evaluated for their ability to produce higher speech intelligibility scores. Additionally, since an extensive electro-acoustic evaluation of the electronic earmuff was not performed as a part of this study, the exact cause of the reduced intelligibility scores at full volume remains unknown.
Is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus involved in community acquired skin and soft tissue infections?
Authors: Phakade RS , Nataraj G , Kuyare SK , Khopkar US , Mehta PR
Published: February 2012

Background:

To improve the empiric antimicrobial therapy of community-acquired (CA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), it is necessary to generate data on the current spectrum and susceptibility profile of associated bacteria. CA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA MRSA) is increasingly being reported in SSTIs in India and globally.

Aims:

The present study was undertaken to determine the bacterial profile of CA-SSTIs, to know the contribution of MRSA in these infections, to determine inducible clindamycin resistance in S. aureus and to compare the resistance patterns of isolates from hospital-acquired (HA) SSTIs. Materials and Methods: Eight hundred and twenty patients with CA SSTIs were prospectively studied. Pus samples were cultured and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern determined. Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected by D-test. Laboratory records were analyzed retrospectively to generate data on HA SSTIs.

Results:

619 isolates were recovered in CA-SSTIs, of which S. aureus (73%) and Streptococci (12%) were the most common. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28%) and Acinetobacter spp (18%) were the predominant HA-SSTI pathogens. Susceptibility of CA S. aureus to antibiotics tested was, penicillin (6%), co-trimoxazole (20%), ciprofloxacin (37%), cefazolin (100%), erythromycin (84%), clindamycin (97%), gentamicin (94%) and fusidic acid (95%). No MRSA was found in CA SSTIs whereas 45% of HA S. aureus strains were methicillin-resistant. HA strains demonstrated significantly higher resistance as compared to their CA counterparts (P<0.001). D test was positive in 22% of CA S. aureus tested.

Conclusions:

In CA SSTIs, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus is the predominant pathogen. Penicillinase-resistant penicillins, clindamycin and erythromycin in that order can be used as suitable antimicrobials for empiric therapy. D test should be carried out routinely. No CA MRSA was detected in the present series.