bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, in-vitro and in-silico antibacterial and computational studies of selected thiosemicarbazone-benzaldehyde derivatives as potential antibiotics
Authors: Olanrewaju Adesoji A. , Oke David G. , Adekunle David O. , Adeleke Olufeyikemi A. , Akinola Omowumi T. , Emmanuel Abiodun V. , Oyeneyin Oluwatoba E.
Published: July 2023

Three new Schiff bases, (Z)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide (PDM), (Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide (5NS) and (Z)-2-(4-cyanobenzylidene)-N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamide (4CN) of thiosemicarbazone-benzaldehyde derivatives were synthesized by condensation reaction. These compounds were formed from the reaction of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde and 4-formylbenzonitrile respectively. The molecules synthesized were screened against bacterial isolates; Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus), and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pnuemoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria using agar well diffusion technique, supported by molecular docking and theoretical analysis through computational approach adopting a coupled DFT-B3LYP and 6-31G(d) basis set. The in-vitro antibacterial studies proofed that the compounds have a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the bacterial isolates while 5NS (21.0 mm) and PDMA (9.5 mm) have higher antibacterial activities than the standard drug, streptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus (16.5 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.0 mm) respectively. Theoretical studies and molecular docking established the fact that these Schiff bases could be explored further as bioactive compounds against bacterial infections and also as corrosion inhibitors of metals in the oil and gas industry.

Graphical abstract
Development of an airfoil-based passive volumetric air sampling and flow control system for fixed-wing UAS
Authors: Mashni Hasan , Knaus Hermann , Platis Andreas , Bange Jens
Published: July 2023

This study aims to develop a concept of a passive volumetric flow control system for gas sampling applications onboard fixed-wing UAS based on the pressure field around airfoils. The passive flow control system utilizes the aerodynamics of a UAS to create a vacuum pump effect that ensures constant gas sampling, which can be used to facilitate airborne aerosol and gas measurements. The pump effect is achieved by short-circuiting the pressure field’s minima and maxima points around an airfoil through pipes and 3D printed structures that could function both as a pump system and a gas measurement chamber. The design of this structurally integrated functionality brings many advantages for scientific applications, especially onboard small research UAS, which would dispense entirely with complex active pump systems, thus reducing weight and ensuring gas sampling at a constant volumetric flow rate independent of altitude and atmospheric variance. In favor of developing further applications, this paper outlines the development steps of the passive pump concept starting from the theory and numerical modeling of the effect to the implementation on board a fixed-wing UAS. Finally, possible improvements based on numerical models and flight measurements are discussed.
Stakeholders’ Perception on Youths’ e-Participation in Finland: Case Virtual Council
Authors: Juusola Henna , Varsaluoma Jari
Published: July 2023

Widening youth participation is recognised as essential in national decision-making processes. One inclusive approach to achieving this is by providing e-participation possibilities targeted towards youth. In this qualitative study, we explore a digital prototype of a virtual council of youth in Finland and ask what factors either promote or hamper the ability of educational institutions, non-governmental youth organisations and public authorities to implement e-participation tools in their daily activities. Our data comprise six expert interviews reflecting the institutional approach to considering youth e-participation from the perspective of online deliberation. Thus, this research provides an empirical understanding of the role of youth e-participation by stating that a virtual youth council can provide inclusive participation opportunity for youth in a different geographical location in an era when different digital participation channels are likely to increase. Our study also shows that a virtual council of youth requires institutional collaboration with different stakeholder groups. However, the quality of implementation of the virtual council would be enhanced by taking into account youth interest, ensuring inclusiveness and clarifying the normative and political goals of youth (e-) participation.
Antiviral Lectins of the Plant Family Amaryllidaceae
Authors: Nair Jerald J. , van Staden Johannes
Published: July 2023

Plants have long served as a first line of defence against viral-borne diseases. Their chemical constituents have also afforded a sound basis for antiviral drug discovery. The plant family Amaryllidaceae is distinguished for its isoquinoline alkaloids, some of which have proved to be interesting antiviral drug leads. Its lectin (or agglutinin) principles have likewise attracted considerable attention as potential antiviral drugs. This review focuses on the antiviral activities that have been described for the lectins of the Amaryllidaceae. Of the thirty lectins known in the family, fourteen have been screened against nearly seventy pathogens belonging to thirteen viral families. Whilst good activities were reported in most cases, the lectins from Galanthus nivalis, Narcissus pseudonarcissus and Hippeastrum hybrid were identified with the best overall activities. They displayed potent inhibitory effects against the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1(IIIB) proliferation in CEM lymphoblastic cells (EC50s 0.005, 0.009 and 0.004 μM, respectively). Although significant effort was dedicated to the Retroviridae, noteworthy effects were also observed against members of other viral families (such as hepatitis C virus of the Flaviviridae). Furthermore, the lectins were shown to be highly selective antiviral agents, devoid of significant toxicities towards the nearly forty cells employed as hosts. Almost all of the details of their modes of operation have emerged from studies carried out on HIV. They were shown to inhibit viral attachment, fusion and adsorption to a variety of host cells. Modulation of viral entry was shown to occur via interference with the virus envelope glycoprotein. These observations fit into the key biological characteristic of lectins, that of sugar-binding proteins.

Graphical Abstract
Perception of simulation-based first-aid training by medical students: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Plch Lukáš , Barvík Daniel , Prokopová Tereza , Pilátová Aneta , Vafková Tereza , Zounek Jiří
Published: July 2023

Although first aid should be common knowledge for healthcare professionals, medical students still have gaps in this area. Simulation-based first-aid courses can overcome these shortcomings. To better understand the impact of these courses, they need to be researched both in terms of learning outcomes and overall participant perception. We conducted fifteen semi-structured interviews with students who completed the First-Aid Simulation Course or the Practical First-Aid Course. The questions focused on the perception of communication, emotional aspects, teamwork, debriefing and the overall administration of the courses. To find the answers to the research questions, we used the qualitative descriptive study design following the principles of inductive thematic analysis. Our findings confirm that many factors impact the performance of students in crisis situations during a simulation-based first-aid course. Four main themes were identified through which the participants perceived the simulation-based first-aid courses. These were team dynamics, fidelity perception, emotional strain and debriefing.
Economic evaluation of energy storage integrated with wind power
Authors: Zhang Xinjing , Feng Lu , Li Xiaoyu , Xu Yujie , Wang Liang , Chen Haisheng
Published: July 2023

Energy storage can further reduce carbon emission when integrated into the renewable generation. The integrated system can produce additional revenue compared with wind-only generation. The challenge is how much the optimal capacity of energy storage system should be installed for a renewable generation. Electricity price arbitrage was considered as an effective way to generate benefits when connecting to wind generation and grid. This wind-storage coupled system can make benefits through a time-of-use (TOU) tariff. A proportion of electricity is stored from the wind power system at off-peak time (low price), and released to the customer at peak time (high price). Thus, extra benefits are added to the wind-storage system compared with wind-only system. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm based optimization model was constructed for this integrated system including constraints of state-of-charge (SOC), maximum storage and release powers etc. The proposed optimization model was to obtain the optimal capacity of energy storage system and its operation control strategy of the storage-release processes, to maximize the revenue of the coupled system considering the arbitrage. Furthermore, the energy storage can provide reserve ancillary services for the grid, which generates benefits. The benefits of energy storage system through reserve ancillary services were also calculated. A case study was analyzed with respect to yearly wind generation and electricity price profiles. The benefit compared with no energy storage scenario was calculated. The impact of the energy storage efficiency, cost and lifetime was considered. The sensitivity and optimization capacity under various conditions were calculated. An optimization capacity of energy storage system to a certain wind farm was presented, which was a significant value for the development of energy storage system to integrate into a wind farm.
Shall androids dream of genocides? How generative AI can change the future of memorialization of mass atrocities
Authors: Makhortykh Mykola , Zucker Eve M. , Simon David J. , Bultmann Daniel , Ulloa Roberto
Published: July 2023

The memorialization of mass atrocities such as war crimes and genocides facilitates the remembrance of past suffering, honors those who resisted the perpetrators, and helps prevent the distortion of historical facts. Digital technologies have transformed memorialization practices by enabling less top-down and more creative approaches to remember mass atrocities. At the same time, they may also facilitate the spread of denialism and distortion, attempt to justify past crimes and attack the dignity of victims. The emergence of generative forms of artificial intelligence (AI), which produce textual and visual content, has the potential to revolutionize the field of memorialization even further. AI can identify patterns in training data to create new narratives for representing and interpreting mass atrocities—and do so in a fraction of the time it takes for humans. The use of generative AI in this context raises numerous questions: For example, can the paucity of training data on mass atrocities distort how AI interprets some atrocity-related inquiries? How important is the ability to differentiate between human- and AI-made content concerning mass atrocities? Can AI-made content be used to promote false information concerning atrocities? This article addresses these and other questions by examining the opportunities and risks associated with using generative AIs for memorializing mass atrocities. It also discusses recommendations for AIs integration in memorialization practices to steer the use of these technologies toward a more ethical and sustainable direction.
Propaganda in Autocracies
Authors: Baggott Carter Erin , Carter Brett L.
Published: July 2023

A dictator's power is secure, the authors begin in this muscular, impressive study, only as long as citizens believe in it. When citizens suddenly believe otherwise, a dictator's power is anything but, as the Soviet Union's collapse revealed. This conviction – that power rests ultimately on citizens' beliefs – compels the world's autocrats to invest in sophisticated propaganda. This study draws on the first global data set of autocratic propaganda, encompassing nearly eight million newspaper articles from fifty-nine countries in six languages. The authors document dramatic variation in propaganda across autocracies: in coverage of the regime and its opponents, in narratives about domestic and international life, in the threats of violence issued to citizens, and in the domestic events that shape it. The book explains why Russian President Vladimir uses Donald Trump as a propaganda tool and why Chinese state propaganda is more effusive than any point since the Cultural Revolution.
The complexities of postcolonial international health: Karl Evang in India 1953
Authors: Engh Sunniva
Published: July 2023

In February and March 1953, a WHO Visiting Team of Medical Scientists worked in India, collaborating with local medical students and professionals. This article studies the complexities of early postcolonial international health work and the relations between the young WHO and the newly independent countries, from the position of the team’s vice chairman, Norwegian doctor Karl Evang. While the WHO aimed to create dialogue and interaction, also learning from the host country, the article finds that an equal exchange of views between visitors and hosts was not achieved. The topic pertains to discussions on power and influence in international organisations and governance, development and health work, within a South Asian setting. Studying intellectual exchanges between Evang and his Indian interlocutors sheds light on India’s role as both receptive and generative site of ideas and political practice, contributing to broader debates on the appropriation, refashioning and application of political ideas in independent India. Also, at a time of new directions in international health, and considering Evang’s social medicine conviction, an additional question concerns the role of social medicine. The article underlines the existence of multiple, parallel tracks in international health work, and argues the need to portray international health as a complex mosaic, rather than a step-by-step development. The case has relevance as historians endeavour to make international and global history more diverse, as through Evang we capture parts of a broader international involvement of people and nation states in the WHO and its work in the early post-war period.
Fast and slow language processing: A window into dual-process models of cognition
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda , Huettig Falk
Published: July 2023

Our understanding of dual-process models of cognition may benefit from a consideration of language processing, as language comprehension involves fast and slow processes analogous to those used for reasoning. More specifically, De Neys's criticisms of the exclusivity assumption and the fast-to-slow switch mechanism are consistent with findings from the literature on the construction and revision of linguistic interpretations.
Hoist by its own petard: The ironic and fatal flaws of dual-process theory
Authors: Melnikoff David E. , Bargh John A.
Published: July 2023

By stipulating the existence of a system 1 and a system 2, dual-process theories raise questions about how these systems function. De Neys identifies several such questions for which no plausible answers have ever been offered. What makes the nature of systems 1 and 2 so difficult to ascertain? The answer is simple: The systems do not exist.
Environmental management, environmental innovation, and productivity growth: a global firm-level investigation
Authors: Wu Ruohan
Published: July 2023

This paper empirically investigates the economic effects of environmental activities. To be specific, it investigates the interactive influence of firms' environmental management and environmental innovation on their productivity. We consider both internal and external environmental management practices of global firms observed from 41 countries between 2017 and 2019. We also consider both inputs and outputs of firms' innovation activities that aim to reduce environmental impacts. Multiple indices are constructed to comprehensively evaluate firms' environmental activities, and productivity is estimated with a semi-parametric method. We find that environmental management and environmental innovation are directly correlated to each other and both substantially promote productivity; however, they tend to substitute each other's positive effects on productivity. Other variables such as globalization, government, labor inputs, and informal competition strongly affect firm productivity too.
Fibrosis severity scoring on Sirius red histology with multiple-instance deep learning
Authors: Naik Sneha N. , Forlano Roberta , Manousou Pinelopi , Goldin Robert , Angelini Elsa D.
Published: July 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the leading cause of chronic liver disease, affecting approximately 30% of people worldwide. Histopathology reading of fibrosis patterns is crucial to diagnosing NAFLD. In particular, separating mild from severe stages corresponds to a critical transition as it correlates with clinical outcomes. Deep Learning for digitized histopathology whole-slide images (WSIs) can reduce high inter- and intra-rater variability. We demonstrate a novel solution to score fibrosis severity on a retrospective cohort of 152 Sirius-Red WSIs, with fibrosis stage annotated at slide level by an expert pathologist. We exploit multiple instance learning and multiple-inferences to address the sparsity of pathological signs. We achieved an accuracy of

$ 78.98\pm 5.86\% $

, an F1 score of

$ 77.99\pm 5.64\%, $

and an AUC of

$ 0.87\pm 0.06 $

. These results set new state-of-the-art benchmarks for this application.
Response of cardiac pulse parameters in humans at various inclinations via 360° rotating platform for simulated microgravity perspective
Authors: Jagtap Sagar , Kumar Ajay , Mahale Bhoopesh , Dixit Jyotsana , Kalange Ashok E. , Kanawade Rajesh , Gangal Shashikala , Vidyasagar Pandit
Published: July 2023

On the Earth, the human body is designed and adapted to function under uniform gravitational acceleration. However, exposure to microgravity or weightlessness as experienced by astronauts in space causes significant alterations in the functioning of the human cardiovascular system. Due to limitations in using real microgravity platforms, researchers opted for various ground-based microgravity analogs including head-down tilt (HDT) at fixed inclination. However, in the present study, an investigation of response of various cardiac parameters and their circulatory adaptation in 18 healthy male subjects was undertaken by using an indigenously developed 360° rotating platform. Cardiac pulse was recorded from 0° to 360° in steps of 30° inclination using piezoelectric pulse sensor (MLT1010) and associated cardiac parameters were analyzed. The results showed significant changes in the pulse shape while an interesting oscillating pattern was observed in associated cardiac parameters when rotated from 0° to 360°. The response of cardiac parameters became normal after returning to supine posture indicating the ability of the cardiovascular system to reversibly adapt to the postural changes. The observed changes in cardiac parameters at an inclination of 270°, in particular, were found to be comparable with spaceflight studies. Based on the obtained results and the proposed extended version of fluid redistribution mechanism, we herewith hypothesize that the rotation of a subject to head down tilt inclination (270°) along with other inclinations could represent a better microgravity analog for understanding the cumulative cardiac response of astronauts in space, particularly for short duration space missions.
The international space station packed bed reactor experiment: capillary effects in gas-liquid two-phase flows
Authors: Taghavi Mahsa , Motil Brian J. , Nahra Henry , Balakotaiah Vemuri
Published: July 2023

Experimental data on flow patterns and pressure drop in two-phase gas-liquid flows through a packed bed obtained aboard the International Space Station (ISS) are analyzed in the limit of low flow rates. Four distinct flow regimes (dispersed bubble, pulse, elongated or large bubble, and gas continuous) are observed and the transition boundaries are identified by a change in the slope of the pressure gradient versus flow rate. It is found that the pressure drop is a function of flow history with the relative magnitude of the hysteresis decreasing with increasing gas or liquid flow rates. Pressure drop (or friction factor) correlations are presented for each of the flow regimes. The capillary or interfacial contribution to the pressure gradient is found to be dominant in the gas channeling regime but comparable to the viscous contribution in the large bubble regime. Preliminary data indicating the slow accumulation of the gas in the bed in the large bubble regime over a longer time period and the intermittent nature of this regime are also presented.
Impact of WeChat guidance on bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a quasi-experiment study
Authors: Guan Yifang , Song Yanjun , Li Xiaona , Zhang Aijun , Li Ruyuan
Published: July 2023

Colonoscopy is a standard procedure for screening, monitoring, and treating colorectal lesions. To explore the impact of WeChat guidance on bowel preparation before colonoscopy. This quasi-experiment study included patients who underwent colonoscopy at Qingdao Endoscopy Center between March 2016 and September 2016. The primary outcome was bowel preparation quality (Ottawa score), the secondary outcomes were intubation time, withdrawal time, adenoma detection rate (ADR), and adverse reactions. Finally, 588 patients were included and divided into the WeChat guide (n = 295) and the non-WeChat guide (n = 293) groups, they were comparable in baseline characteristics. The Ottawa score (1.59 ± 1.07 vs. 6.62 ± 3.07, P < 0.001), intubation time (6.47 ± 1.81 vs. 11.61 ± 3.34, P < 0.001), withdrawal time (13.15 ± 3.93 vs. 14.99 ± 6.77, P < 0.001), and occurrence rate of adverse reactions (2.0% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.029) were significantly lower in the WeChat guide group than those in the non-WeChat guide group. ADR was significantly higher in the WeChat guide than that in the non-WeChat guide group (1.47 ± 2.30 vs. 0.84 ± 1.66, P < 0.001). WeChat guidance might improve the quality of bowel preparation and adenoma detection rate, shorten the time of colonoscopy, and reduce adverse reactions in bowel preparation.
Synthesis and characterization of keratinase laden green synthesized silver nanoparticles for valorization of feather keratin
Authors: Sharma Isha , Gupta Pranshi , Kango Naveen
Published: July 2023

This study focuses on the efficient and cost-effective synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts, which have versatile and non-toxic applications. The research objectives include synthesizing AgNPs from readily available plant extracts, optimizing their production and multi scale characterization, along with exploring their use for enzyme immobilization and mitigation of poultry feather waste. Among the plant extracts tested, the flower extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HF) showed the most potential for AgNP synthesis. The synthesis of HF-mediated AgNPs was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) for efficient and environment friendly production. Additionally, the keratinase enzyme obtained from Bacillus sp. NCIM 5802 was covalently linked to AgNPs, forming a keratinase nanocomplex (KNC) whose biochemical properties were evaluated. The KNC demonstrated optimal activity at pH 10.0 and 60 °C and it displayed remarkable stability in the presence of various inhibitors, metal ions, surfactants, and detergents. Spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV–visible, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were employed to investigate the formation of biogenic HF-AgNPs and KNC, confirming the presence of capping and stabilizing agents. The morphological characteristics of the synthesized AgNPs and KNC were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analysis. The study highlighted the antimicrobial, dye scavenging, and antioxidant properties of biogenic AgNPs and KNC, demonstrating their potential for various applications. Overall, this research showcases the effectiveness of plant extract-driven green synthesis of AgNPs and the successful development of keratinase-laden nanocomplexes, opening possibilities for their use in immobilizing industrial and commercial enzymes.
Cloxyquin activates hTRESK by allosteric modulation of the selectivity filter
Authors: Schreiber Julian Alexander , Derksen Anastasia , Goerges Gunnar , Schütte Sven , Sörgel Jasmin , Kiper Aytug K. , Strutz-Seebohm Nathalie , Ruck Tobias , Meuth Sven G. , Decher Niels , Seebohm Guiscard
Published: July 2023

The TWIK-related spinal cord K+ channel (TRESK, K2P18.1) is a K2P channel contributing to the maintenance of membrane potentials in various cells. Recently, physiological TRESK function was identified as a key player in T-cell differentiation rendering the channel a new pharmacological target for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The channel activator cloxyquin represents a promising lead compound for the development of a new class of immunomodulators. Identification of cloxyquin binding site and characterization of the molecular activation mechanism can foster the future drug development. Here, we identify the cloxyquin binding site at the M2/M4 interface by mutational scan and analyze the molecular mechanism of action by protein modeling as well as in silico and in vitro electrophysiology using different permeating ion species (K+ / Rb+). In combination with kinetic analyses of channel inactivation, our results suggest that cloxyquin allosterically stabilizes the inner selectivity filter facilitating the conduction process subsequently activating hTRESK.
Lampshade web spider Ectatosticta davidi chromosome-level genome assembly provides evidence for its phylogenetic position
Authors: Fan Zheng , Wang Lu-Yu , Xiao Lin , Tan Bing , Luo Bin , Ren Tian-Yu , Liu Ning , Zhang Zhi-Sheng , Bai Ming
Published: July 2023

The spider ofEctatosticta davidi, belonging to the lamp-shade web spider family, Hypochilidae, which is closely related to Hypochilidae and Filistatidae and recovered as sister of the rest Araneomorphs spiders. Here we show the final assembled genome ofE. davidiwith 2.16 Gb in 15 chromosomes. Then we confirm the evolutionary position of Hypochilidae. Moreover, we find that the GMC gene family exhibit high conservation throughout the evolution of true spiders. We also find that the MaSp genes ofE. davidimay represent an early stage of MaSp and MiSp genes in other true spiders, while CrSp shares a common origin with AgSp and PySp but differ from MaSp. Altogether, this study contributes to addressing the limited availability of genomic sequences from Hypochilidae spiders, and provides a valuable resource for investigating the genomic evolution of spiders.
Opportunities and challenges for sweat-based monitoring of metabolic syndrome via wearable technologies
Authors: Lyzwinski Lynnette , Elgendi Mohamed , Shokurov Alexander V. , Cuthbert Tyler J. , Ahmadizadeh Chakaveh , Menon Carlo
Published: July 2023

Metabolic syndrome is a prevalent condition in adults over the age of 65 and is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Thus, methods to track the condition, prevent complications and assess symptoms and risk factors are needed. Here we discuss sweat-based wearable technologies as a potential monitoring tool for patients with metabolic syndrome. We describe several key symptoms that can be evaluated that could employ sweat patches to assess inflammatory markers, glucose, sodium, and cortisol. We then discuss the challenges with material property, sensor integration, and sensor placement and provide feasible solutions to optimize them. Together with a list of recommendations, we propose a pathway toward successfully developing and implementing reliable sweat-based technologies to monitor metabolic syndrome.
A mitochondria-targeted chemiluminescent probe for detection of hydrogen sulfide in cancer cells, human serum and in vivo
Authors: Gunduz Hande , Almammadov Toghrul , Dirak Musa , Acari Alperen , Bozkurt Berkan , Kolemen Safacan
Published: July 2023

Mitochondria-targeted chemiluminescent probe MCH enables visualization of hydrogen sulfide activity in cancer cells, human serum, and animal models.
Construction of π-conjugated crystalline carbon dots with carbon nitride nanofragments for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: He Fang , Yuan Hubo , Hu Yan , Huang Jiawei , Wang Zhenxing , Peng Shaoqin , Li Yuexiang
Published: July 2023

Crystalline carbon dots (CCDs) embedded in carbon nitride (CN) nanofragments (CCDs-CN) have been developed through a facile molten salt reconstruction approach, which promotes charge carrier separation for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Dual Zn source strategy for synthesizing ZIFs: zero discharge, less raw material, high output, and better adsorptive performance
Authors: Li Yingjie , Li Penghui , Zhang Chaojian , He Kai , Chen Yanyan , Liao Xiaoyuan
Published: July 2023

In this study, dual Zn source (DZS) strategy, using Zn(NO3)2 and Zn(OH)2, is used to prepare ZIF-8 with high quality and high output.
GitHub as an open electronic laboratory notebook for real-time sharing of knowledge and collaboration
Authors: Scroggie Kymberley R. , Burrell-Sander Klementine J. , Rutledge Peter J. , Motion Alice
Published: July 2023

Sharing scientific experiments and data with the community using GitHub as an electronic laboratory notebook.
A scientific machine learning framework to understand flash graphene synthesis
Authors: Sattari Kianoosh , Eddy Lucas , Beckham Jacob L. , Wyss Kevin M. , Byfield Richard , Qian Long , Tour James M. , Lin Jian
Published: July 2023

The SML model was trained on both direct experimental and indirect physics-informed features to predict graphene quality synthesized from Flash Joule heating. With an R2 of 0.81, the model performs better compared to 0.73 without indirect features.
Mono-directional pressure induced downsizing of zeolite crystals increases their catalytic performances
Authors: Fahda Mohammad , Lakiss Louwanda , Goldyn Kamila , Clatworthy Edwin , Desmurs Marie , Gilson Jean-Pierre , Mintova Svetlana , Valtchev Valentin
Published: July 2023

This study introduces a novel mechanical approach to downsizing zeolite crystals. ZSM-5 crystals treated by this approach were reduced in size with the material’s native properties preserved and exhibited enhanced catalytic activity in the MTO conversion.
DFT study of Ni-catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric anti-hydrometalative cyclization of alkynone: mechanism and origins of selectivity
Authors: Li Jinxia , Tang Dingyi , Zhang Yu , Chen Weichi , Su Xiaoxi , Yu Peiyuan , Qu Shuanglin
Published: July 2023

DFT studies are employed to investigate the mechanism and origins of selectivities in the Ni-catalyzed asymmetric anti-hydrometalative cyclization of alkynones.
Asymmetric synthesis of bicyclic pyran scaffolds bearing two oxa-quaternary stereocenters via zinc-catalyzed [5 + 1] annulations
Authors: Zhang Cui , Jiang Tao , Hua Yuan-Zhao , Mei Guang-Jian , Wang Min-Can , Jia Shi-Kun
Published: July 2023

Zinc-catalyzed [5 + 1] annulation of α-hydroxyl aryl ketones with cyclohexadienone-tethered enones has been developed, giving access to enantioenriched bicyclic pyran scaffolds bearing two oxa-quaternary stereocenters.
A stepwise kinetic approach to quantify rate coefficients for reactant-, auto- and non-catalyzed urethanization of phenyl isocyanate and 1-butanol
Authors: Trossaert Lynn , Edeleva Mariya , Van Steenberge Paul H. M. , Kattner Hendrik , D'hooge Dagmar R.
Published: July 2023

Limited kinetic information is available on the exact reaction mechanism for polyurethane synthesis. Here elementary rate coefficients are determined for a monofunctional analogue, including molecule-assisted reactions.
Decomposition analysis on factors affecting electricity substitution in Guangdong province, China
Authors: Chen Haobo , Liu Shangyu , Kuang Yaoqiu , Wang Tonghe , Shu Jie , Ma Zetao
Published: July 2023

Electricity substitution is an effective measure for reducing pollutant emissions and promoting the consumption of renewable energy. The current research lacks a quantitative analysis method for the factors affecting regional electricity substitution. This article proposes a decomposition model of the factors affecting electricity substitution based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method to expand the depth and breadth of electricity substitution. Results show that: (1) Macro‐level electricity substitution in Guangdong province develops steadily, with 1694.93 × 108 kWh of total electricity substitution quantity during the period 2006–2020. The electricity substitution quantity in production sector accounts for 83.92% of the total, which is much larger than that in household sector. (2) Sustained improvement of labour productivity gives the largest contribution (3592.32 × 108 kWh) to the increase of electricity substitution in production sector during the period 2006–2020. Living standard effect has the largest contribution (452.21 × 108 kWh) to the increase of electricity substitution in household sector during the period 2006–2020. Electrification level effect and population effect have significant impact on electricity substitution development, while industrial structure has little impact on electricity substitution. (3) Energy intensity effect and energy consumption growth effect negatively influence electricity substitution in Guangdong province. The decline of energy intensity in the production sector has driven the decrease of electricity substitution quantity, contributing −2540.36 × 108 kWh to electricity substitution during the period 2006–2020. Policy implications like continuously promoting breakthroughs in electricity substitution technologies, improvement of electrification rate in the sectors with potential for substitution, and improvement the price mechanism for fossil fuels and electricity can promote the deepening development of electricity substitution and the realisation of the carbon neutrality goal.
A novel X‐band CMOS asymmetric T/R switch with high‐pass TX arm and low‐pass RX arm
Authors: Fu Jia‐Shiang
Published: July 2023

In this work, a novel asymmetric T/R switch is proposed. The operating principle and design equations of the proposed T/R switch topology are presented. Based on the proposed circuit topology, an X‐band asymmetric T/R switch is designed in 0.18‐µm CMOS. From 9 to 11 GHz, the measured isolation is higher than 32 dB and the measured insertion loss is less than 1.87 dB for the TX mode. At 10 GHz, the measured TX‐mode is higher than 36 dBm.
LGANet: Local and global attention are both you need for action recognition
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhao Bin , Zhang Wenjia , Liu Guohua
Published: July 2023

Due to redundancy in the spatiotemporal neighborhood and the global dependency between video frames, video recognition remains a challenge. Some prior works have been mainly driven by 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or 2D CNNs with a well‐designed module for temporal information. However, convolution‐based networks lack the capability to capture the global dependency due to the limited receptive field. Alternatively, transformer for video recognition is proposed to build long‐range dependency between frame patches. Nevertheless, most transformer‐based networks have significant computational costs because attention is calculated among all the tokens. Based on these observations, we propose an efficient network which we dub LGANet. Unlike conventional CNNs and transformers for video recognition, the LGANet can tackle both spatiotemporal redundancy and dependency by learning local and global token affinity in shallow and deep layers, respectively . Specifically, local attention is implemented in the shallow layers to reduce parameters and eliminate redundancy. In the deep layers, spatial‐wise and channel‐wise self‐attention are embedded to realize the global dependency of high‐level features. Moreover, several key designs are made in the multi‐head self‐attention (MSA) and feed‐forward network (FFN). Extensive experiments are conducted on the popular video benchmarks, such as Kinetics‐400, Something‐Something V1&V2. Without any bells and whistles, the LGANet achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance. The code will be released soon.
An efficient optimization algorithm for electric vehicle routing problem
Authors: Vani Batchu Veena , Kishan Dharavath , Ahmad Md Waseem , Reddy Ch Rama Prakasha
Published: July 2023

There has been a steady increase in the prevalence of electric vehicles (EVs) (electric cars) in the transportation industry. The limited range of EVs and the lack of charging facilities make it harder to gain widespread adoption of the EV service. Several optimisation algorithms for EV routes have not yet resolved the problems of trip time and travel cost. The study provides a Bat optimisation technique to reduce trip time and costs while taking into account customer service requests and EV charging schedules. Taking into account battery capacity, charging duration, and delivery/pickup needs, the suggested method may determine the optimal path to supercharger stations. To demonstrate its effectiveness, it is compared to other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms across a variety of benchmark cases.
Sustainable automotive supply chain in the presence of disruption and government intervention
Authors: Zaefarian Tahereh , Ghandehari Mahsa , Modarres Mohammad , Khalilzadeh Mohammad
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to develop and simulate a green automotive supply chain model (ASC) consisting of one supplier, one manufacturer, and two types of products (green and non-green) under disruption risks (DRs). The greening effort (i.e., electric vehicle production) is considered for both the supplier and the manufacturer. In our modeling, we include the local government intervention (GI) and their incentivization of manufacturers to produce greener products. Moreover, the effectiveness of centralized versus decentralized supply chain integration strategies in coping with disruption consequences was explored. A mathematical pricing model based on game theory is designed to maximize the total profit for both integrated and decentralized systems. The model examines the effects of the greening effort on the supply chain (SC) members with eight disruption scenarios, including Extra Production and Surplus Inventory. Simulating numerical examples reveals that the Extra Production type of disruption increase the profitability in different scenarios. Conversely, the Surplus Inventory disruption reduces profitability. Moreover, a channel coordination through cost sharing contract in the presence of disruption sharing was developed. GI and the cost-sharing contract increase the SC profit. The managerial implications of our findings are also discussed in this paper.
The Endocrine Treatment Landscape for Patients with HR+ HER2− Early-stage Breast Cancer in Germany Before the Introduction of CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapy – A Real-World
Analysis
Authors: Nabieva Naiba , Altmann Falk , Apel Klaus , Baerens Dirk-Toralf , Beha Michaela , Belau Antje , Busch Steffi , Guth Dagmar , Heinrich Georg , Kreiss-Sender Janine , Markmann Susanne , Olbermann Andreas , Oskay-Özcelik Gülten , Schuback Beatrix , Steinfeld-Birg Dieter , Quiering Claudia , Kiss Ferenc , Kreuzeder Julia , Nuti Paolo , Schilling Jörg
Published: July 2023

While premenopausal patients with HR+ HER2− early breast cancer are treated with tamoxifen +/− ovarian suppression with a GnRH analog or an aromatase inhibitor (AI) + GnRH, the majority
of postmenopausal women receive an AI due to its higher efficacy compared to tamoxifen. As the introduction of CDK4/6 inhibitors into the treatment of early-stage breast cancer with a
higher risk of recurrence will probably result in a shift in the endocrine treatment landscape, the question is what treatment did potential candidates for CDK4/6 inhibitors in Germany
receive before CDK4/6 inhibitors were available.

As part of a retrospective multicenter analysis, anonymized data were collected of patients with HR+ HER2− early-stage breast cancer who received endocrine therapy in the period between
10/2021 and 03/2022. Potential candidates for CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment were classified into different risk cohorts using the inclusion criteria of the NATALEE and monarchE trials.

The data of 238 patients from 29 different centers were analyzed. While 20.6% of patients met the monarchE criteria, the subgroup which met the NATALEE inclusion criteria consisted of
46.2% of patients. 53.8% of patients did not meet the inclusion criteria for either the NATALEE or the monarchE trial. More than half of the patients did not receive chemotherapy. 28.6% of
patients in the whole cohort were premenopausal. 67.6% of premenopausal women received neo-/adjuvant chemotherapy. 61.8% of premenopausal patients received tamoxifen as adjuvant endocrine
therapy, 19.1% received an AI + GnRH and 10.3% were treated with tamoxifen + GnRH.

Despite the high percentage of premenopausal patients who received aggressive treatment in the form of chemotherapy, only one third of premenopausal patients received GnRH in addition to
their standard endocrine therapy. Studies carried out at a later point in time and registry studies will be necessary to see how the endocrine therapy landscape in Germany has changed
following the introduction of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Recent Uses of Photogenerated Oxygen-Centered Radicals in Intermolecular C–O Bond Formation
Authors: Dagousset Guillaume , Banoun Camille , Magnier Emmanuel
Published: July 2023

We report herein recent advances made by our group and others in the field of oxygen-centered radicals generated under photocatalysis. Thanks to the design of new O-radical precursors, these radicals can now be efficiently trapped by unsaturated systems in an intermolecular manner, via the formation of a new C–O bond.

1 Introduction

2 Reactions Involving Carbonyloxy Radicals

3 Reactions Involving Fluoroalkoxy Radicals

4 Reactions Involving Alkoxy Radicals

5 Conclusion
Implanting Impella 5.5 under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Wahlers Thorsten C.W. , Deppe Antje Christin
Published: July 2023

Background Surgically implanted Impella 5.5. delivers full cardiac support and left ventricular unloading for patients with heart failure. So far, the Impella device is implanted under general anesthesia (GA).

Material and Methods A total of n = 3 critically ill patients presented with acute heart failure in need of cardiac support. All patients suffered cardiogenic shock of varying etiology. Due to hemodynamically unstable conditions, GA was avoided. All implantations were performed solely under local anesthesia (LAS) without any regional anesthesia.

Results All implantations were performed successfully under LAS with 60 mL of mepivacaine of 2% solution and ropivacaine of 1% solution (50:50 ratio). All devices were placed from the right axillary artery. One patient needed hematoma evacuation several days after surgery. No other Impella-related complication was observed.

Conclusion A surgical implantation of the Impella 5.5 device under LAS is feasible and safe. Despite the small number of cases, no disadvantage can be described at the present moment. Our series should encourage physicians to perform the procedure under LAS.
Refining Clinician Workflow as a Means to Improving Catheter Quality Measures
Authors: Clarke Martina A. , Wardian Jana L. , Fleharty Brandon S. , Reha Craig G. , Birge Justin R.
Published: July 2023

Objective This study aimed to improve the quality measure performance for indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) duration, central venous catheter (CVC) duration, and telemetry duration by redesigning clinical decision support (CDS) tools within the documentation process and order workflow.

Methods The effectiveness of the redesign was evaluated using system standard quality reporting methodology to observe device duration, central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate, and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rate preintervention (FY2017) and postintervention (FY2018). Electronic health record (EHR) reporting tools were used to evaluate CDS alert data both preintervention and postintervention.

Results Total device duration and line days per patient days were reduced for CVC (12.8% [0.305–0.266]) and IUC (4.68% [0.171–0.163]). Mean telemetry duration was reduced by 16.94% (3.72–3.09 days), and CDS alert volume decreased 18.6% from a preintervention mean of 1.18 alerts per patient per day (81,190 total alerts) to a postintervention mean of 0.96 alerts per patient per day (61,899 total alerts). Both CLABSI (2.8% [1.07–1.04]) and CAUTI (8.1% [1.61–1.48]) rates were reduced, resulting in approximately $926,000 in savings.

Conclusion In this novel model, the redesigned CDS tools improved clinician response to CDS alerts, prompting providers to take action on relevant orders that automatically updated the clinical documentation to reflect their actions. The study demonstrated that effective redesign of CDS tools within the documentation process and order workflow can reduce device duration, improve patient outcomes, and decrease CDS alert volume.
Risk spillover in China’s real estate industry chain: a DCC-EGARCH-ΔCoVaR model
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Zhou Liguo , Wang Lin , Zheng Yuelong
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Real estate’s role in the financial crisis has forced central banks and academics to focus on the real estate risk’s spillover effects. However, findings on this matter are erratic and could differ from country to country. Prior research mostly ignored risk contagion at the level of the real industry and instead concentrated on real estate and financial institutions. Therefore, to analyze the risk spillover of China’s real estate industry from a novel perspective of the industrial chain, a mixed model (DCC-EGARCH-CoVaR model) is proposed in this work. It fixes the flaw in existing models’ inability to account for asymmetries and the weakness of traditional methods in explaining the time-varying and nonlinear risk infection process. The findings demonstrate that China’s real estate industry has a noticeable risk spillover effect on upstream and downstream industries. The downstream industry is the one most affected by risk spillover from the real estate sector, followed by the upstream industry, and the banking sector is the least affected. The risk spillover effects of macro uncertainties like the COVID-19 outbreak, the financial crisis, and the stock market fall on real estate vary significantly. These findings are helpful for regulators to prevent systematic financial risks and for institutional investors to make timely strategic asset allocations and adjustments.