bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I'm just joking! Perceptions of sexist humour and sexist beliefs in a Latin American context
Authors: Argüello‐Gutiérrez Catalina , Cubero Ana , Fumero Fabiola , Montealegre Diana , Sandoval Pía , Smith‐Castro Vanessa
Published: October 2022

Previous research has stated a relationship between sexist ideologies and humour appreciation. However, most research has been done in North America and Europe. In the present study, we aimed to approach in an exploratory way to the social perceptions of sexist humour in Costa Rica. Data was gathered through an online survey, participants (N = 323; 220 females) completed measures to characterise expressions of sexist humour. The main measures included perceived funniness, frequency and means of exposure, and perceived offensiveness, as well as completing the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). Overall, previous exposure to this kind of humour was remarkably high. No significant differences were observed between women's and men's perceptions of the frequency, means and places of exposure, but emotional and behavioural reactions to sexist humour were gender‐based. Women reported higher displeasure, more confrontation and felt angrier and more offended than men when exposed to this type of humour. Data support existing evidence of the relationship with sexist ideology. Specifically, hostile sexism was found to be a significant predictor of perceived funniness and offensiveness of the sexist jokes. An interaction effect between hostile sexism and the sex of participants was found, showing that as hostile sexism increased, perceived offensiveness decreased, but more rapidly for men. Results are discussed considering the practical implications and limitations, as well as the need for more research in the Latin American context.
Dissociation reactions of hydrogen molecules at active sites on gold clusters: A DFT study
Authors: Chen Jia‐Li , Zhang Xia‐Guang , Wu De‐Yin
Published: October 2022

Small gold nanoparticles (GNPs) show special catalytic activity for hydrogen (H2) dissociation reaction, which is essential and important in understanding the hydrogen oxidation reaction in hydrogen energy source. To insight on catalytic properties of GNPs, we simulated H2 dissociation paths on neutral gold clusters (GCs) Aun (n = 1–6) and positively charged GCs (n = 3–5), which are possible active sites on GNPs. The calculated results show that H2 dissociation on GCs follows a homolytic cleavage reaction process. Light irradiation and water environment are considered for H2 dissociation on (n = 3–5, δ = 0 and +1) clusters. The calculated results show that when the incident light has a low energy close to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) region of GNPs, the light can effectively reduce the H2 dissociation barrier, and an oxidation dissociation process is found for the water‐assisted H2 dissociation reaction.
Proviral role of human respiratory epithelial cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Berry François , Morin‐Dewaele Margot , Majidipur Amene , Jamet Thibaud , Bartier Sophie , Ignjatovic Eva , Toniutti Donatella , Gaspar Lopes Jeanne , Soyeux‐Porte Pascale , Maillé Pascale , Saldana Carolina , Brillet Rozenn , Ahnou Nazim , Softic Laurent , Couturaud Benoit , Huet Éric , Ahmed‐Belkacem Abdelhakim , Fourati Slim , Louis Bruno , Coste André , Béquignon Émilie , de la Taille Alexandre , Destouches Damien , Vacherot Francis , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel , Firlej Virginie , Bruscella Patrice
Published: October 2022

Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) are 50–200 nm in diameter vesicles delimited by a lipid bilayer, formed within the endosomal network or derived from the plasma membrane. They are secreted in various biological fluids, including airway nasal mucus. The goal of this work was to understand the role of sEVs present in the mucus (mu‐sEVs) produced by human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We show that uninfected HNECs produce mu‐sEVs containing SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 and activated protease TMPRSS2. mu‐sEVs cleave prefusion viral Spike proteins at the S1/S2 boundary, resulting in higher proportions of prefusion S proteins exposing their receptor binding domain in an ‘open’ conformation, thereby facilitating receptor binding at the cell surface. We show that the role of nasal mu‐sEVs is to complete prefusion Spike priming performed by intracellular furin during viral egress from infected cells. This effect is mediated by vesicular TMPRSS2 activity, rendering SARS‐CoV‐2 virions prone to entry into target cells using the ‘early’, TMPRSS2‐dependent pathway instead of the ‘late’, cathepsin‐dependent route. These results indicate that prefusion Spike priming by mu‐sEVs in the nasal cavity plays a role in viral tropism. They also show that nasal mucus does not protect from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, but instead facilitates it.
EUS‐guided tissue acquisition using a novel torque technique is comparable with that of the fanning technique for solid pancreatic lesions: A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Yang Min Jae , Park Se Woo , Lee Kyong Joo , Koh Dong Hee , Lee Jin , Lee Yun Nah , Park Chan Hyuk , Shin Eun , Kim Seokhwi
Published: October 2022

Background

The torque and fanning techniques allow for multiple areas within pancreatic lesions to be targeted using different maneuvers and can, hence, enhance diagnostic outcomes. We compared the diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB) for pancreatic masses using the torque and fanning techniques.

Methods

This multicenter randomized trial enrolled a total of 160 consecutive patients who underwent EUS‐FNB for solid pancreatic tumors using either the torque or fanning technique. Three passes were permitted for each lesion, and the technique sequence was randomly assigned as either torque first or fanning first with the standard technique as a reference.

Results

The median quality score of the histological samples was significantly higher in the torque and fanning group than in the standard group (p < .001). Furthermore, the torque technique provided improved sensitivity of 93.38% and accuracy of 94.30%. The standard technique provided diagnostic sensitivity of 68.84% and accuracy of 72.96%, while the fanning technique showed sensitivity of 91.85% and accuracy of 93.04%.

Conclusions

The new torque technique enables the acquisition of better‐quality samples and can potentially increase the diagnostic outcomes in the EUS‐FNB of pancreatic solid masses, with the same recommendations as those for the fanning technique.
Multicomponent synthesis of spiro 1,3,4‐thiadiazolines with anticancer activity by using deep eutectic solvent under microwave irradiation
Authors: Castro Aleff , Andrade Isadora Maria Gouveia , Coelho Maísa Cavalcanti , da Costa Daniel Pereira , Moreira Dayse das Neves , Maia Rachel Azevedo , Lima Gesiane da Silva , dos Santos Gabriel Franco , Vaz Boniek Gontijo , Militão Gardênia Carmen Gadelha , da Silva Paulo Bruno Norberto , Vasconcellos Mário Luiz Araujo de Almeida , Lima‐Junior Claudio Gabriel
Published: October 2022

This work describes a simple and efficient alternative method for obtaining 1,3,4‐thiadialzolinic spirocompounds, combining the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) with microwave irradiation in a one‐pot process. A series of DES based on different acids was explored as a solvent in a three‐component reaction including isatin derivatives (monomeric and dimeric), thiosemicarbazide, and acetic anhydride. Choline chloride and oxalic acid (1:1) showed better results concerning the other solvents evaluated, reaching yields of up to 79% when applied to the other compounds of the proposed series. For most of the monomeric compounds, the yields were very close to or higher than those reported in the literature for two‐step synthesis. These results demonstrate the possibility of using one‐pot synthesis as a faster, cleaner, and more efficient alternative method for obtaining thiadiazolines with expressive cytotoxic activity.
Clinical presentation, viral kinetics, and management of human monkeypox cases from New Delhi, India 2022
Authors: Relhan Vineet , Sahay Rima R. , Shete Anita M. , Yadav Pragya D. , Sahoo Bijaylaxmi , Patil Deepak Y. , Kumar Suresh , Premachandran Syamaladevi Kannan Sabarinath , Dar Lalit , Mohandas Sreelekshmy , Abraham Priya
Published: October 2022

We describe the clinical and demographic characteristics, virological follow‐up, and management of five confirmed monkeypox cases from New Delhi, India without any international travel history. The viral load kinetics and viral clearance were estimated in oropharyngeal swabs (OPS), nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), EDTA blood, serum, urine, and various lesion specimens on every fourth day of follow‐up ranging from 5 to 24 post onset day (POD) of illness. All five cases presented with mild to moderate‐grade intermittent fever, myalgia, and lesions on the genitals, groins, lower limb, trunk, and upper limb. Four cases had non‐tender firm lymphadenopathy. No secondary complications or sexually transmitted infections were recorded in these cases except for the presence of viral hepatitis B infection marker hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in one case. All the cases were mild and had a good recovery. A higher viral load was detected in lesion fluid (POD 9), followed by lesion roof (POD 9), urine (POD 5), lesion base (POD 5), and OPS/NPS (POD 5). The monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA was detected in clinical samples from 5th to 24th POD. These monkeypox cases without international travel history suggest the underdiagnosed monkeypox infection in the community. This emphasizes the need for active surveillance of MPXV in the high‐risk population such as men having sex with men and female sex workers.
Enhanced Zika virus‐like particle development using Baculovirus spp. constructs
Authors: Malogolovkin Alexander , Davies Andrew , Abouelhadid Sherif , Kerviel Adeline , Roy Polly , Falconar Andrew K.
Published: October 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of several examples of an unprecedented pandemic spread and against which there is currently no suitable vaccine or treatment. Here, we constructed and characterized recombinant baculovirus‐derived ZIKV‐like particles (Zika VLPs) to study ZIKV‐antibody interactions. These VLPs, uniquely consisted of the full‐length ZIKV capsid (C), pre‐membrane (prM), and envelope (E) proteins with either: a) the viral nonstructural NS2B and NS3 protease unit under one or two different promoters or b) an alternative host‐cell furin protease encoding cleavage sequence inserted between the C and prM genes, together with lobster tropomyosin leader and honeybee signal sequences with one promoter for increased extracellular secretion. All these Zika VLPs displayed typical virion morphology in transmission electron microscopic analysis when expressed in both insect (Sf9) and mammalian (HEK293T) cells and no uncleaved prM glycoprotein was detected, as are present on immature virions. The importance of glycosylation of the E glycoprotein was shown by the effects on both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody reactions after these N‐linked carbohydrate residues were disrupted by oxidation or enzymatic cleavage. Importantly, the construct which contained the host‐cell furin protease cleavage sequence together with a lobster tropomyosin leader and honeybee signal sequences under one promoter produced higher Zika VLP titers and protein concentrations and which can now be tested as a superior construct in multifunctional diagnostic (ELISA and neutralization/antibody‐dependent enhancement) assays and immunogenic assessments possibly leading to vaccine trials.
Comparative proteomic analysis reveals novel insights into the continuous cropping induced response inScrophularia ningpoensis
Authors: Sun Jiachen , Li Xuejiao , Qu Zhuo , Wang Huairui , Cheng Yao , Dong Shengjie , Zhao Hui
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Scrophularia ningpoensisis a well‐known medicinal crop. Continuous cropping seriously affects the yield and quality, but little is known about the influence of continuous cropping on metabolic pathways. In this study, the difference in protein abundance between continuous cropping and non‐continuous cropping ofS. ningpoensisroots was studied by proteomics, and the molecular mechanism that protectsS. ningpoensisagainst continuous cropping was explored.

RESULTS

The results suggested that continuous cropping inS, ningpoensisaltered the expression of proteins related to starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, citric acid cycle, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, and steroid biosynthesis. Among these processes, the most affected were phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism, which may be important for continuous cropping resistance.

CONCLUSION

The effect of continuous cropping onS. ningpoensiswas demonstrated at the proteome level in this work, and identified candidate proteins that may cause continuous cropping reactions. The paper provides the theoretical foundation and scientific reference for enhancing the continuous cropping resistance ofS. ningpoensis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparative separation of immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum by continuous divergent‐flow electrophoresis
Authors: Stastna Miroslava , Šlais Karel
Published: October 2022

Immunoglobulins in bovine colostrum were separated and fractionated from other proteins using the method and instrumentation developed in our laboratory. The proposed separation was based on bidirectional isotachophoresis/moving boundary electrophoresis with electrofocusing of the analytes in a pH gradient from 3.9 to 10.1. The preparative instrumentation included the trapezoidal non‐woven fabric that served as separation space with divergent continuous flow. The defatted and casein precipitate‐free colostrum supernatant was loaded directly into the instrument without any additional colostrum pre‐preparation. Immunoglobulin G was fractionated from other immune proteins such as bovine serum albumin, β‐lactoglobulin, and α‐lactalbumin, and was continuously collected in separated fractions over 3 h. The fractions were further processed, and isolated immunoglobulin G in the liquid fractions was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by re‐focusing in gel isoelectric focusing. Separated immunoglobulin G was detected in seven fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a gradually decreased concentration in the fractions. Re‐focusing of the proteins in the fractions by gel isoelectric focusing revealed multiple separated zones of immunoglobulin G with the isoelectric point values covering the range from 5.4 to 7.2. Each fraction contained distinct zones with gradually increased isoelectric point values and decreased concentrations from fraction to fraction.
Olfactory training assists in olfactory recovery after sinonasal surgery
Authors: Park Joon Yong , Choi Bo Yoon , Kim Hansol , Jung Taesik , Kim Jin Kook
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Olfactory dysfunction is a common complaint in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of olfactory training (OT) in patients with CRS after sinonasal surgery.

Methods

We enrolled 111 patients with CRS who underwent sinonasal surgery. Prior to surgery and 3 months after starting OT, the participants were assessed by both an olfactory function test and endoscopy. The Korean version of the Sniffin' Stick II (KVSS‐II) was used to perform the olfactory function test. Over the course of 3 months, five odorants were used in OT (rose, lemon, cinnamon, orange, and peach).

Results

Over a 12‐week duration, 37% of the participants in the OT group showed clinically relevant increase in olfactory function. The OT group had significantly higher olfactory outcomes for the total KVSS‐II and identification scores than the non‐OT group between the initial and follow‐up assessments. The initial score influenced the degree of olfactory improvement after OT.

Conclusions

Patients with OT exhibited significantly higher total KVSS‐II scores compared with non‐OT patients following sinonasal surgery; in particular, the odor identification score was different between the two groups. The results of this study demonstrated that a 12‐week period of repeated short‐term exposure to various odors could be useful in enhancing olfactory activity in patients who underwent sinonasal surgery for the improvement of sensory‐neural olfactory impairment.

Level of evidence

2c.
Flow and slip process of Santotrac 50‐based lubricant under high shear by molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wei Chao , Yin Zhenxin , Ma Wenjie
Published: October 2022

We investigate flow and slip behaviour of Santotrac 50 molecules under high shear in Couette cell by means of Molecular Dynamic simulation to understand reduced friction force. Molecular chain stretches and oriented to shear direction, and move. Slip starts on metal surface at 2 × 108 s−1, and increases with shear rate. Slip length keeps scale at nanometre. Molecular conformation and occurrence of slip both indicate a reduced shear stress. Furthermore, when changing wettability, slip length increases in power law and thus decreases shear stress greatly. Occurrence of low‐density region near surface can explain slip. And thus, we extended apparent slip model, which divided lubricant into liquid layers with different viscosities, to elucidate the relationship between molecule distribution inner layer and slip on surface influenced by shear velocity and wettability. Above all, our research sheds light on flow and slip behaviour of complex fluid and can be applied in improving lubrication property.
Kinetics study of cold rolling lubricant degradation through advanced instrumental techniques
Authors: Chakraborty Subho , Giri Suvendu Sekhar , Pandit Ashwin , Bhagat Amarnath , Jha Ajay Kumar
Published: October 2022

Research was focused on understanding the degradation kinetics of cold rolling oil used in the rolling mill at Tata Steel. Aged rolling oil leads to various surface defects. Ageing phenomenon is influenced through thermo‐mechanical behaviour, oxidation, hydrolysis and presence of iron fines. Ageing of cold rolling oil in presence of iron fines was systematically performed at various temperature followed by thermo‐mechanical wear tests. With variation in intensity of ageing, change in physico‐chemical parameters and fatty acid distribution (FAD) within triglycerides could be observed. The impact of the controlled ageing on performance parameters like lubrication, evaporation kinetics and oxidative stability were also studied. Thermo‐oxidative ageing depletes antioxidant concentration within the rolling oil resulting in rapid oxidation of unsaturated fats. This leads to rapid build‐up of high molecular weight ingredients resulting in formation of fatty acid soaps or scum. The resultant scum negatively impacts the boundary lubrication and evaporation kinetics of rolling oil.
Non–limit‐circle and limit‐point criteria for symplectic and linear Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Zemánek Petr
Published: October 2022

Several necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the existence of a non–square‐integrable solution of symplectic dynamic systems with general linear dependence on the spectral parameter on time scales are established and a sufficient condition for the limit‐point case is derived. Almost all presented results are new even in the continuous and discrete cases, that is, for the linear Hamiltonian differential systems and for the discrete symplectic systems, respectively.
How has the Internet fostered the greening of enterprises in China? The moderating role of governmental transparency
Authors: Zhu Rongcheng , Li Qian
Published: October 2022

The greening of enterprises concerning society is a matter of sustainable development of the economy. At the same time, the Internet brings technology diffusion and information transfer, which affects the greening of enterprises. Therefore, we empirically examine the impact of the Internet on greening from the perspective of green innovation and environmental violations based on the data of listed firms in China between 2010 and 2019. This paper found that the Internet effectively promotes green innovation and inhibits environmental violation, and governmental transparency positively moderates the relationship between the Internet and greening. We also conducted a series of robustness tests like a quasi‐natural experiment based on Broadband China and tested the impact of digital transformation on greening for further study. Our findings enrich the literature by showing how a macro‐level technological infrastructure such as the Internet can impact the micro‐level behaviors of a firm.
Is nerve coaptation associated with improved sensation after microvascular breast reconstruction? A systematic review
Authors: Chou Jesse , Hyland Colby J. , Kaufman Goldberg Tal , Broyles Justin M.
Published: October 2022

Background

Sensation after autologous breast reconstruction is an increasingly important outcome. Several studies demonstrated improved sensation with flap neurotization but utilized heterogenous measures and follow‐up intervals. This review evaluates sensory outcomes after neurotization using uniform, objective outcome measurements.

Methods

PubMed/Medline and Embase databases were queried for articles published between January 1990 and January 2022. Inclusion criteria included studies with free flap tissue transfer breast reconstruction patients and use of Semmes‐Weinstein Monofilaments (SWM) to quantify return of sensation after either neurotization or no neurotization. Reviews, case reports, and studies utilizing implants or pedicled flaps were excluded.

Results

Overall, 513 articles were screened. Eleven articles met inclusion criteria for a total of 474 patients. There were 254 non‐neurotized patients included as controls (Group A) and 220 neurotized patients (Group B). Mean follow‐up time was similar in both groups (22.06 months vs. 22.78 months, p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in age (Group A = 49.97 years vs. Group B = 42.47 years) or BMI (Group A = 25.48 vs. Group B = 25.97) between groups. More patients in group B received radiation therapy (Group B = 32.72% vs. Group A = 20.86%, p > 0.05). Patients that received neurotization had lower mean pressure thresholds (Group A = 38.85 gm/mm2 vs. Group B = 6.69 gm/mm2, p = 0.053) than comorbidity‐matched controls.

Conclusion

Neurotization has been shown to be a safe and feasible option for enhancing return of sensation after breast reconstruction. Future studies with standardized, long‐term follow‐up will further elucidate the pattern of breast sensation return and the impact of neurotization.
Density Dependence in Three Snake River Sockeye Salmon Nursery Lakes in Central Idaho
Authors: Griswold Robert G. , Kohler Andre E. , Tardy Kurt A. , Griswold Kitty E. , Taki Doug
Published: October 2022

Snake River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, listed as an endangered species in 1991, currently inhabit three nursery lakes (Redfish, Pettit, and Alturas lakes) in the Sawtooth Valley, Idaho. Conspecific kokanee (lacustrine Sockeye Salmon) are also present in the lakes. Snake River Sockeye Salmon recovery efforts, initially focused on genetic conservation, are now attempting to rebuild naturally spawning populations using hatchery supplementation. However, in Sockeye Salmon nursery lakes, density dependence is frequently observed when elevated O. nerka abundance leads to declines in zooplankton biomass, body size, and shifts in community composition. In turn, these changes lead to reductions in juvenile O. nerka growth rates, survival, and adult returns. We examined a long-term data set of O. nerka population metrics and associated zooplankton community metrics. We found evidence of density dependence within and among nursery lakes. We detected differences in zooplankton biomass, lengths of preferred zooplankton prey (Daphnia spp. and cyclopoid copepods), parr growth rates, and age-1 smolt size among the three lakes. We found negative relationships between O. nerka density and zooplankton biomass and size. We identified positive relationships between zooplankton biomass and two response variables: smolt size at migration and growth rates of hatchery parr. The relationships were generally similar among lakes. Variable outcomes were a result of differences in O. nerka density (or zooplankton biomass), controlled primarily by the relative proportion of spawning and rearing habitat in each lake. Understanding unique lake habitats, ecological interactions, and the role of density dependence is germane to management of Snake River Sockeye Salmon populations.
The maternal employment status after the completion of their child's cancer treatment: A cross‐sectional exploratory study
Authors: Okada Hiromi , Maru Mitsue , Maeda Rumi , Iwasaki Fuminori , Nagasawa Masayuki , Takahashi Miyako
Published: October 2022

Aim

To clarify the details of mothers' employment status after the completion of their child's cancer treatment.

Design

A cross‐sectional exploratory study.

Methods

Data are collected from 62 mothers of childhood cancer survivors using self‐report questionnaires. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the statistical significance of factors between the mothers who worked and those who did not work after their child's cancer treatment had been completed.

Results

Thirty‐two mothers worked after the completion of their child's cancer treatment. There were significant differences in age, education level, employment status at the diagnosis and time elapsed since the diagnosis between the working mothers and non‐working mothers. Twenty‐two non‐working mothers reported that they had some motivation to work, but the most common reason for not working was “To nurse or care for the child with cancer”. Some mothers also stated that they did not work due to anxiety about cancer recurrence.
Fabrication of three‐dimensional porous superhydrophobic composites for immiscible and emulsified oil/water mixture separation
Authors: Zhao Chunxia , Huang Haoran , Deng Shiqin , Li Jiaxin , Li Yuntao , Li Hui , Wu Yuanpeng , Wang Ge , Qin Mingwang
Published: October 2022

Due to ever‐increasing environmental problems caused by oily wastewater, it is necessary to develop methods for separating oil/water mixtures. However, oil‐in‐water and water‐in‐oil emulsions are highly stable due to the action of surfactants, making them enormously difficult to separate. In this study, we report a 3D superhydrophobic/superoleophilic porous material with a microporous structure and strong negative charge via high internal phase emulsion polymerization to overcome these difficulties. The introduction of 10 wt% α‐zirconium phosphate significantly improved the hydrophobicity of the material (water contact angle = 153°) and also endowed the material with a strong negative charge. The material could separate immiscible oil/water mixtures under turbulent condition and high‐ or low‐temperature environments. Driven by gravity, the as‐prepared monolith separated various oil/water mixtures with the separation efficiency exceeding 99.16%. Benefiting from the diametrically‐opposing wettability and interconnected micropore structure, the foam could separate a Span 80‐stabilized water‐in‐oil emulsion. Furthermore, a cationic surfactant‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsion was also separated due to strong electrostatic interactions, which destabilized the oil/water interfacial film. Based on these properties, the as‐prepared porous material shows huge potential for complex oily wastewater treatment.
Reinforcing styrene‐butadiene rubber by silica/carbon black by‐product composite through an in‐situ polymerization process
Authors: Xu Lihua , Huang Zheng , Zhang Xing , Cheng Dejun , Chen Xiaochao , Du Huaiming , Huang Bin , Fan Hua‐Jun Shawn
Published: October 2022

Acetylene (C2H2) production generates a large amount of carbon black by‐product (CBP). It increases production costs and environmental concerns. However, the poor surface structure of this carbon black by‐product limits its application. This paper prepared SiO2/CBP composite materials through in‐situ polymerization to be used for styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) reinforcement. The results of FTIR, water contact Angle, and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the CBP was successfully coated by silica and demonstrated a regular shape, higher oil absorption value, larger specific surface area, and enhanced hydrophilicity. Furthermore, compared with CBP‐filled SBR, the SiO2/CBP composite‐filled SBR revealed an 18% improvement in Shore A hardness, 103% enhancement in the tensile strength, 23% increase of the elongation at break, and the tensile modulus of 300‐percentile and 500‐percentile increased by 9% and 8%, respectively. The development of this composite material could expand the scope of CBP resource utilization and leads to the design of a new development of greener and more sustainable application of CBP.
Effect of static mixer on optical properties of plastic injection molded parts
Authors: Shotwell Demitri , Gim Jinsu , Yang Huaguang , Glas Stefanie , Chen Edward , Turng Lih‐Sheng
Published: October 2022

The effect of an in‐mold static mixer on the optical properties of polystyrene (PS) parts was explored within the injection molding process. Several mixers were assessed via simulation and molding trials to identify the mixing ability and effect on optical properties including retardation and birefringence. It was found that the static mixers within the runner could successfully mix the polymer and disrupt property distributions including temperature but that there was only a slight improvement in retardation with some of the mixer cases. The experiments and simulations showed relatively good correlation in results although there were slight differences in the trends that could be due to the experimental measurement resolution or unaccounted‐for variables between the experiments and simulations. The retardation was experimentally measured using a custom‐made polariscope using photography and image processing. These experiments indicated that the use of a static mixer within the runner system of a mold could be used for homogenizing the polymer melt after the plasticizing unit. However, its effect on improving the optical performance of injection molded parts could be offset by the melt flow downstream of the static mixer and the potential increase of residual stresses due to flow restriction, suggesting the importance of mixer location and geometry.
Effects of GLP‐1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kelly Michael , Lewis Jelena , Rao Hindu , Carter Jessica , Portillo Ivan , Beuttler Richard
Published: October 2022

Aim

To evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RA) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Materials and Methods

We searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials reporting event rates for a composite cardiovascular outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with T2DM and CKD receiving GLP1‐RA or placebo. Studies were restricted to those reporting specific event rates for patients with CKD separately from the overall population. We conducted a meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model. This meta‐analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022320157).

Results

A total of four studies comprising 7130 patients was included in our analysis. Four different GLP1‐RA were assessed in a population with CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Treatment with GLP1‐RA was not associated with a significant reduction in the composite cardiovascular end point of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke (odds ratio (OR) 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59–1.07; p = 0.13) among patients with T2DM and CKD. Individual components of the composite cardiovascular end point were assessed in two trials and did not show evidence of an effect of GLP1‐RA in reducing cardiovascular end points.

Conclusions

Pooled analysis of clinical trials reporting separate cardiovascular events rates in patients with T2DM and CKD did not find GLP1‐RA to be associated with a reduction in composite cardiovascular event rates. Select GLP1‐RA may offer cardiovascular event reduction in patients with T2DM and CKD, but this does not appear to be a class effect. Use of GLP1‐RA with demonstrated cardiovascular benefits should be preferred in patients with CKD and T2DM to further reduce cardiovascular risk.
Impact of concomitant fluconazole on direct oral anticoagulant bleeding risk
Authors: Cid Allison , Smetana Megan E. , Hebert Courtney , Coe Kelci , Smith Jessica M.
Published: October 2022

Study Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on bleeding risk when fluconazole is administered concomitantly with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

Design

This was a retrospective cohort study including hospitalized adult patients prescribed a DOAC with or without fluconazole.

Setting

The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, a tertiary care academic medical center with more than 1800 beds.

Patients

Hospitalized patients ages 18–89 years who received apixaban or rivaroxaban with or without fluconazole from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2021, were included. The minimum duration of DOAC or DOAC with fluconazole therapy was 48 h. Patients were excluded if they received fluconazole <400 mg daily or a DOAC at doses outside those recommended for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism treatment or prophylaxis. Patients were matched based on DOAC received.

Intervention

Patients who received a DOAC with fluconazole were compared with those receiving a DOAC alone. The primary outcome was a composite of major, clinically relevant nonmajor, and minor bleeding events at 30 days.

Measurements and Main Results

There were 216 patients included, 108 in the DOAC with fluconazole group and 108 in the DOAC alone group. More patients in the DOAC with fluconazole group experienced bleeding at 30 days compared with the DOAC alone group [35/108 (32%) vs. 21/108 (19%), respectively; p = 0.03]; however, after adjusting for proven confounding variables (hemoglobin and concomitant carvedilol) this was found not to be statistically significant [adjusted odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 0.85–3.40].

Conclusions

Patients receiving a DOAC with fluconazole were not at significantly increased risk for bleeding at 30 days compared with those receiving a DOAC alone after controlling for confounding variables. As an increasing number of patients are prescribed DOACs, the results of this study may inform clinical decision‐making on the safety of concomitant DOAC and fluconazole use.
Genetic variation in hydrogen cyanide potential of perennial sorghum evaluated by colorimetry
Authors: Nakasagga Shakirah , Murray Seth C. , Rooney William L. , Barr Catherine , Nabukalu Pheona , Cox Stan , Hoffmann Leo
Published: October 2022

Both annual and perennial sorghum biomass serve as important forage for ruminant animals around the world. Unfortunately, sorghum can produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which, if occurring in high enough concentrations, can be toxic or lethal to animals that consume it. The objectives of this study were to develop a fast and inexpensive colorimetric assay to measure the hydrogen cyanide potential (HCN‐P) as well as to compare this with existing visual assays while assessing the range of variation for HCN‐P among perennial and annual sorghum biomass. The HCN‐P of 100 sorghum lines derived from an interspecific hybridization program was determined over 2 years (establishment and regrowth) using both visual and colorimetric assays. Visual assessment underestimated the HCN‐P and was less accurate than colorimetry. Repeatability for HCN‐P across all sampling dates was functionally zero in the visual assessment and low for the colorimetric assay. This was mostly explained by the significant pedigree × year interaction effects and growth stage. Growth stage substantially influenced HCN‐P, which should be considered when feeding animals on fresh forage.
Identifying the role of excited‐state proton transfer and photoinduced electron transfer in detecting hypochlorous acid for a benzothiazole‐based colorimetric fluorescent probe
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Xiumin , Li Xiaolong
Published: October 2022

In this work, the fluorescence mechanism of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) chemosensor 2‐(20‐hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole‐4‐(1‐isocyanovinyl)pyridine (JBD) has been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods. For JBD probe, the potential energy barrier for the forward excited‐state (S1) intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is 0.71 kcal/mol, while for reversed ESIPT is 8.47 kcal/mol. Due to the keto isomers are stable, the two isomers can be existed in the S1 state. Dual fluorescence of JBD has been observed in the experiment, which is a typical feature for the ESIPT. By analyzing the change of the degree of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), JBD could undergo a significant geometric rearrangement upon photoexcitation, leading to the large stokes shift. Adding HOCl, the double emission is turned off and the fluorescence disappears. In order to provide the possibility of ICT processes, the charge distribution has been analyzed by hole‐electrons.
Body composition and functional correlates of CF youth experiencing pulmonary exacerbation and recovery
Authors: Boat Thomas , Hente Elizabeth , Hardie William , Szczesniak Rhonda , Gecili Emrah , Zhou Grace , Taylor Jacqueline , Amin Raouf
Published: October 2022

Background

Youth with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) often experience weight loss, then rapid weight gain. Little is known about body composition and its relationship to functional outcomes during this critical period.

Methods

Twenty CF youth experiencing PEx were assessed on the day following admission and 7–17 days later at discharge for body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), lean mass index (LMI), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), and functional measures: percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (ppFEV1), maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIPs and MEPs), and handgrip strength (HGS). Changes from admission to discharge and correlations among body composition indices and functional measures at both times are reported.

Results

Upon admission, participant BMI percentile and ppFEV1 varied from 2 to 97 and 29 to 113, respectively. Thirteen had an LMI below the 25th percentile and nine had a percent body fat above the 75th percentile. BMI and FMI increased significantly (p = 0.03, 0.003) during hospitalization. LMI and SMMI did not change. FEV1 and MIPS increased (p = 0.0003, 0.007), independent of weight gain, during treatment. HGS did not improve.

Conclusions

Many youth with CF, independent of BMI, frequently carried a small muscle mass and disproportionate fat at the time of PEx. During hospital treatment, weight gain largely represented fat deposition; muscle mass and strength did not improve. A need for trials of interventions designed to augment muscle mass and function, and limit fat mass accretion, at the time of PEx is suggested by these observations.
Numerical Study of CiS Solar Cell with CuInSe2‐Undoped Layer
Authors: Allam Zehor , Boudaoud Chahrazad , Soufi Aicha , Bouchachia Badia
Published: October 2022

Herein, a CuInSe2 thin film solar cell with an intrinsic thin layer (HIT) is modeled and simulated using SCAPS. The HIT is deposited between a thin CdS window layer of reduced thickness of 20 nm to minimize cadmium toxicity and an absorbing layer of variable thickness. The aim is to study the influence of the thickness of absorber and HIT layer, level doping and defect densities of CuInSe2 layer, and high work function (between 5 and 5.6 eV) effect on performance parameters of the solar cell. In general, a significant increase in efficiency is observed. The HIT and the absorber thicknesses are optimized to be 0.3 and 0.5 μm, respectively. A conversion efficiency of 24.2%, a V
oc of 0.78 V, J
sc of 45.4 mA cm−2, and an FF of 68.3% are obtained for the proposed AZO/ZnO/CdS/CuInSe2/Mo/glass. These simulation results encourage using intrinsic thin layers in CIS solar cell structure.
Quantum Anomalous Hall Phase and Time‐Reversal‐Symmetry‐Broken Quantum Spin Hall Phase on the Square–Hexagon Lattice
Authors: Wang Guo Xiang
Published: October 2022

The topological properties of the square–hexagon lattice are studied when the time‐reversal (TR) symmetry is broken. Based on the Chern number and spin Chern number, the topological trivial and nontrivial phases can be determined. When the spin‐dependent and ‐independent staggered potentials are taken into consideration, rich phase diagrams are obtained. A number of topological nontrivial phases, including the TR‐symmetry‐broken quantum spin Hall phase and quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) phase, can be achieved by tuning the spin‐dependent staggered potential. When the spin‐independent staggered potential is varied, it is possible to observe the topological phase transition from the metal phase to the QAH phase. The evolutions of the bulk bandgap and spin spectrum gap are also presented together. To support the identification of the topological phases, helical and chiral edge states are given numerically. Moreover, the corresponding density distribution and spin polarization are analyzed and discussed.
Quantification of insulin‐like growth factor‐I by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Moncrieffe Danielle A. , Cowan David A.
Published: October 2022

We describe three methods of sample preparation for the liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric measurement of insulin‐like growth factor‐I concentration in blood. One method involves trypsin digestion, the second involves intact protein quantification and the third method is a combination of the first two. Step‐by‐step directions are provided for sample collection and handling including transport, storage conditions as well as detailed instructions for preparation for analysis, which can be modified for larger or smaller sample volumes as needed. A fully 15N‐labelled internal standard is used and the merits of a single‐point calibrator are discussed. Example instrumental conditions are presented for both intact and digest methods.
Bullous Pemphigoid in a Patient with a Neuropsychological Disorder and a Possible Novel Drug Trigger: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dyson Sarah M. , Patel Priya U. , Igali Laszlo , Millington George W. M.
Published: October 2022

A 59-year-old woman with schizoaffective disorder presented with an itchy, blistering generalised rash. One month prior, she had started empagliflozin, a sodium glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, used in type-2-diabetes. She was already established on paliperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, for 1 year. Serology at presentation was positive for anti-pemphigoid antibodies. Histology demonstrated subepidermal blistering, perivascular inflammation and eosinophils. Direct immunofluorescence was characteristic of bullous pemphigoid (BP), with linear IgG and C3 at the basement membrane. Both empagliflozin and paliperidone were discontinued. However, the blisters persisted. Treatment included: topical Dermovate and Eumovate ointment for the body and face respectively, alongside oral doxycycline 200 mg and prednisolone 40 mg for a week (reducing by 5 mg/week over 8 weeks). Nevertheless, new blisters continued developing, hence dapsone 50 mg was introduced, with significant improvement. Increasingly, several neurological and psychiatric disorders have been linked with BP, complicating aetiology and management. The underlying mechanism for these associations is not fully understood. Bullous pemphigoid autoantigens BP180 and BP230 are expressed in the central nervous system and it is thought that neurodegeneration may expose antigens to the immune system, generating a cross-reactive immune response. However, there also appears to be bidirectional causality between BP and neuropsychological conditions. Furthermore, as there was an association of empagliflozin initiation and BP onset, this further complicates the aetiology and presents a potential novel drug cause of BP. This case emphasises the neuropsychological issues associated with managing complex BP cases, a possible novel cause of drug-induced BP and highlights the likelihood of these issues becoming increasingly prevalent for the future.
Impact of Various Modification Methods on Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Starch: A Review
Authors: Sinhmar Archana , Pathera Ashok Kumar , Sharma Somesh , Nehra Manju , Thory Rahul , Nain Vikash
Published: October 2022

Starch is extensively used in food applications for process convenience and to improve the quality of food products at industrial levels. The contemporary research on starch has created lots of scientific information that provides a base for interventions in food formulations using starch as an active ingredient. The native starch has some limitations, i.e., low swelling and solubility, low thermal resistance, low shear rates, etc. Modification of starch results in altered properties of starch. To modify starch, various modification methods such as physical, chemical, enzymatic, and genetic methods are used which enhances the starch applications at the commercial level. In the physical modification of starch, the chemical structure of starch is not affected while in the case of chemical modification there is an introduction of a functional group in starch granules. The modified starches are used in various industries such as food, pharmaceutical, paper, and textile industries. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a detailed overview of the physicochemical, morphological, and rheological properties of native and modified starch.
Understanding the impact of waste disposal sites on soil quality for agricultural production: A case study of the Kiteezi landfill, Uganda
Authors: Aryampa Shamim , Maheshwari Basant , Sabiiti Elly N. , Namuddu Sophia , Bukenya Brian , Bateganya Najib L
Published: October 2022

Leachate from waste disposal sites (WDS) can significantly affect the soil physical, chemical and biological qualities, reducing soil health and agricultural productivity. However, there is a paucity of data on soil quality for understanding soil health impact due to WDS in Uganda. This study's aim was to understand, using the Kiteezi landfill site, how WDS impact soil properties. Soil samples were collected over 4 months in and around the landfill from three locations, and the soil quality data of the nearby area were used as baseline data for assessing the impact on soil due to WDS in the area. There were significant increases in the concentration of all studied parameters at the landfill except total N. The concentrations of ammonium (14.84 ± 1.76 mg/kg), nitrate (127.96 ± 18.36 mg/kg), and pH (7.8) were above the optimum levels. The levels of available P (181.4 ± 28.9 mg/kg) and exchangeable bases; K (2.23 ± 0.24 mg/kg), Na (1.17 ± 0.14 mg/kg), Mg (3.35 ± 0.3 mg/kg) and Ca (14 ± 1.1 mg/kg) cmol (+)/kg were optimal for plant growth. The calculated CEC of 20.75 cmol (+)/kg) showed that soils have a good potential to supply plant nutrients. Heavy metal levels were still below the permissible limit. Hence, the study shows that although WDS may contribute to the increase of soil fertility, they can potentially reduce the overall productivity of soil by increasing nutrient levels beyond optimum levels.