bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF TAMBAQUI JUVENILES SUBJECTED TO SHORT FEED-DEPRIVATION AND REFEEDING CYCLES
Authors: Roa Fabian Gustavo Barreto , Silva Sidney Santos , Hoshiba Márcio Aquio , Silva Luciana Kimie Savay da , Barros Adriana Fernandes de , Abreu Janessa Sampaio de
Published: September 2019

This study proposes to investigate whether short restricted-feeding cycles during the pre-fattening phase of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles affect their production performance and yield in a semi intensive system and if this practice can be introduced as an alternative to reduce production costs in the pre-fattening phase of this species. The fish (8.07 Â± 0.07 g) were subjected to short restricted-feeding periods under controlled laboratory conditions (experimental boxes) for 60 days (Phase I). Three feeding strategies were tested, namely: dairy feeding (Control); five days of feeding followed by two days of deprivation (5F/2D); and two days of feeding followed by four days of deprivation (2F/4D). Subsequently, the fish from each treatment (feeding regimes) evaluated in Phase 1 were transferred to an excavated pond with low water exchange and no supplemental aeration (semi-intensive system) where they were fed continuously for 65 days (Phase II). At the end of both phases, performance, metabolic and hematological parameters and the centesimal composition of the filets were analyzed and an economic assessment was undertaken based on the total operating cost (TOC) of production in the different feeding regimes. The restricted-feeding cycles 2F/4D and 5F/2D (Phase I) affected the performance of the fish, which showed lower daily weight gains and specific growth rates (SGR), resulting in lower viscerosomatic index (VSI) and morphometric measurements. However, apparent feed conversion did not differ across the treatments. The feed-deprived fish used triglycerides as an energy source, maintaining their blood glucose levels close to those of the continuously fed group (control). When they started to be feed daily for 65 days (Phase II), the metabolic (triglycerides) and hematological parameters (hematocrit and hemoglobin) equaled those of control group. Nevertheless, their final weight and morphometric measurements were lower than those of non-restricted feed, indicating a partial compensatory growth in tambaqui juveniles. Short restricted-feeding cycles applied in the pre fattening phase for 60 days negatively affected performance and led to metabolic and hematological alterations in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. Although these short restricted-feeding cycles resulted in less expenditure on labor and feeding, the fish under those conditions did not develop  equally to those fed daily, culminating in less biomass produced during the fattening period in a semi-intensive system for 65 days. Ultimately, this led to a higher total operating cost per gram  of produced fish, demonstrating the economic infeasibility of this practice for tambaqui juvenile production.
ANESTHETIC EFFICACY OF CLOVE OIL AND 2-PHENOXYETHANOL ON DOCTOR FISH, Garra rufa (HECKEL, 1843)
Authors: AydÃ„Â±n Baki , Akhan Süleyman , GümüÃ…Å¸ Erkan , Ã­â€“zbaÃ…Å¸ Mehmet
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to determine the anesthetic efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol on doctor fish (Garra rufa) at two different water temperatures. Experimental fish (1.2 Â± 0.2 g mean weight) were subjected to 25, 50, 75 and 100 Î¼L L-1 clove oil and 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 Î¼L L-1 2-phenoxyethanol concentrations at water temperature of 15 and 25 Â°C, and the induction and recovery times were investigated. Results showed that induction and recovery times in doctor fish were significantly affected by clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol concentrations as well as water temperature. The interaction of anesthetic concentration and water temperature on all induction stage time was significant in clove oil. Between the anesthetic concentration and temperature interaction was significant for recovery times in both anesthetic agents. The induction time decreased significantly with increasing concentration of both anesthetic agents at water temperature of 15 and 25 Â°C. The lowest effective concentrations that produced induction within 3 min and recovery within 5 min were 50-75 Î¼L L-1 of clove oil and 300 Î¼L L-1 of 2-phenoxyethanol in both 15 and 25 Â°C respectively. The results also indicated that clove oil was effective at 4-fold lower concentrationsthan 2-phenoxyethanol, but the recovery time was longer than 2-phenoxyethanol. These results suggest that clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol were effective anesthetics and could be used as anesthetic agents in doctor fish.
EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF PREGELATINIZED STARCH AND DEXTRIN IN THE FORMULATION OF TILAPIA MECHANICALLY SEPARATED MEAT PATTIES
Authors: Signor Flávia Renata Potrich , Simões Gislaine Silveira , Coldebella Priscila Ferri , Signor Arcangelo Augusto , Boscolo Wilson Rogério
Published: September 2019

Pre-gelatinized starch and dextrin help in the gelatinization of patties without adding heat to improve texture. Aiming to evaluate the effect of the addition of pre-gelatinized starch and dextrin in the preparation of mechanically separated meat patties obtained from Nile tilapia filetage residues. An experimental planning of the rotational central Composite Design (DCCR) 2 2 with 4 axial points with 9 formulations and 4 replications at the central point was applied, totaling 12 assays. A base formulation is developed to be applied in the design with different levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3%) According to the planning (DCCR), pre-gelatinized starch and dextrin. A regression model was developed for the variable Shear Force response (texture). Analyses of chemical composition, Aw, ph, texture and scanning microscopy and sensory analyses were performed. For the development of the patties the best result was for 1.5% of pre-gelatinized starch and 1.0% dextrin. Thus, the use of mechanically separated meat with the addition of pre-gelatinized starch and dextrin to produce restructured products is of great importance for the fish industry, as it improves the texture of the breaded presented a Greater acceptance by consumers.
Pengembangan Soal Penalaran Model TIMSS untuk Mengukur High Order Thinking (HOT)
Authors: Nurwahidah Indri
Published: September 2019

The research was conducted to determine the characteristics and forms of matter; similarly determine the validity, reliability, as well as the students' response to the measurement results HOT reasoning about TIMSS models to measure student HOT developed. The method used is the research development. Products in the form of multiple choice questions as well as the reasons of the students' answers. Student responses obtained from the questionnaire responses the students after using such a matter. Based on the criteria of due diligence in a very good product. Characteristic of reasoning about TIMSS models which contain components reasoning refers to the TIMSS. About the validity of the overall test results show that the question is valid and feasible to use to measure student HOT. Reliability test results indicate that the matter is reliable and can be used well. Student response after use problems in the excellent category, obtained a percentage of 82.66%. HOT measurement results in the category of students is still low, at SMPN 8 Semarang amounted to 51.54%, SMP Kartika III-2 Semarang amounted to 31.16%, and the MTs NU amounted to 47.68% Ungaran. Problem reasoning models that have been developed decent TIMSS used to measure student HOT.
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran “GREATER” pada Pembelajaran Kimia sebagai Upaya Penanaman Literasi Sains Peserta Didik
Authors: Fahmawati Diah
Published: September 2019

Development of "Greater" Learning Model on Chemistry Learning as an Effort to Embed Students' Science Literacy. This study aimed producing a learning models named GREATER (Gear Up, Read, Explore, Analyze, Tell, Elaborate, Reflection) to foster the scientific literacy. The research method was Research and Development used simplified Borg and Gall consisting of two stages, research and development. Phase I includes 1) a field study and 2) study of literature producing factual models. Phase II includes 1) planning the design of the product, 2) validation expert, 3) revision I, 4) small-scale trials, 5) revision II, 6) a limited scale trials and 7) effectiveness test. The products included manual book, lesson plans, worksheets, reading material and KWHLAQ chart and achievement test. The research population were one class in SMA PGRI 1 Maospati and two classes in SMAN 1 Sukomoro. The instrument were the scientific literacy test, observation sheets, questionnaires. The results showed 1)  expert validatition was obtained a valid scores meaning that the model was considered feasible to be applied in classroom setting. 2) empirically, showed the pretest and post score showed increase from 35.16% to 62.23% of students who answered correctly, while the percentage of students who answered “do not know” down from 19.43% to 12.63%. Model GREATER effective at improving the student’s scientific literacy and they become more familiar with the scientific phenomena, variable scientific investigation and interpreting data.
Profil Keterampilan Proses Sains Fisika Siswa SMA di Kota Lubuklinggau pada Pokok Bahasan Listrik Dinamis
Authors: Yolanda Yaspin , Amin Ahmad
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeksripsikan profil keterampilan proses sains (KPS) fisika siswa di SMA Kota Lubuklinggau pada materi listrik dinamis. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa SMA kelas XII semester ganjil di sma Negeri 1, MAN 1 Model dan SMA Negeri 5 di Lubuklinggau. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purpossive sampling. Metode Deskriptif kualitatitif. Data dianalisa secara  kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil data penelitian KPS fisika siswa kelas XII IPA pada pokok bahasan Listrik Dinamis disimpulkan (1) Keterampilan proses sains fisika siswa kelas XI IPA pada pokok bahasan suhu dan kalor di MA Al-Muhajirin Tugumulyo adalah terampil, dan (2) Solusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ketersediaan aspek KPS  adalah melatih dan dilatih dengan pendekatan KPS fisika siswa agar ketersediaan aspek KPS siswa dapat muncul/tersedia. Adapun aspek KPS yang perlu dilatih dan melatih adalah keterampilan klasifikasi, mengkomunikasikan, berhipotesis, menerapkan konsep, bereksperimen, menggunakan alat dan bahan, interprestasi dan mengajukan pertanyaan. Persentase peningkatan KPS yakni, keterampilan observasi 90,3%, keterampilan klasifikasi 85,3%, keterampilan interpretasi 87,2%, keterampilan prediksi 80,4 %, keterapilan merencanakan percobaan atau penyelidikan 92,6%, keterampilan menggunakan alat dan bahan 92,1%, keterampilan menerapkan konsep atau prinsip 82,3%, keterampilan berkomunikasi 89,4%, keterampilan mengajukan pertanyaan 95,1%, dan  keterampilan berhipotesis 81,2%. Sehingga secara keseluruhan terjadinya peningkatan yang signifikan 87,3% KPS siswanya.
Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Pengalaman untuk Meminimalkan Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Materi Cahaya
Authors: Budhi Henry Setya
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji penggunaan model pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman dalam pembelajaran materi cahaya dan mendeskripsikan efektivitasnya dalam meminimalkan terjadinya miskonsepsi. Metode  penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu dan deskriptif. Kajian difokuskan pada tingkat miskonsepsi siswa kelas VIII Semester 2. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan postest untuk mengetahui tingkat miskonsepsi siswa setelah pembelajaran dengan menggunakan tes diagnostik bermetode CRI (Certainty of Response Indeks). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan model pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman pada materi cahaya secara signifikan lebih dapat meminimalkan miskonsepsi siswa dibandingkan dengan penggunaan model pembelajaran konvensional. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari skor rata-rata posttest miskonsepsi untuk kelas eksperimen sebesar 9, sedangkan untuk kelas kontrol sebesar 32.
PCK Model Shulman Berdasarkan Pengalaman Mengajar Guru Fisika
Authors: Mulhayatiah Diah , Ramdiani Neng Ayu Esti , Setya Winda , Suhendi Herni Yuniarti , Kuntadi Dedi
Published: September 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kompetensi PCK dengan model Shulman guru fisika berdasarkan pengalaman mengajar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis wacana. Subyek penelitian adalah dua guru fisika di sekolah menengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru fisika yang memiliki pengalaman mengajar lebih lama lebih fleksibel, terfokus pada kedalaman materi dan lebih bervariasi dalam menggunakan model pembelajaran, sedangkan guru dengan pengalaman mengajar yang buruk fokus pada kedalaman materi. Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat diketahui karakteristik mengajar guru berdasarkan pengalaman mengajar. Studi ini berguna sebagai rekomendasi bagi para pemangku kepentingan untuk menentukan sejauh mana integrasi kompetensi pedagogis dan konten dari masing-masing guru.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Dengan Metode Mindmapping Menggunakan Coggle ™
Authors: Dewantara Dewi
Published: September 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ada atau tidaknya perbedaan antara hasil belajar sebelum dan setelah menerapkan pembelajaran dengan metode mindmapping menggunakan Coggle ™. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre-eksperimen dengan metode one group pre-test post-test design. Jumlah sampel penelitian adalah 15 orang mahasiswa.  Teknik  pengumpulan data adalah dengan menggunakan pre-test dan post-test. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t berpasangan. Hasil analisis uji-t diperoleh nilai t= -5,985 dengan sig (2-tailed) = 0,000 yang lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansi yakni 0,05. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan antara hasil belajat mahasiswa sebelum dan setelah menerapkan Pembelajaran dengan metode mindmapping menggunakan Coggle ™.
RESPON SISWA TERHADAP MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ALAT PIROLISIS SAMPAH PLASTIK BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN DI SMP KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS
Authors: Arini Wahyu , Lovisia Endang
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat respon siswa terhadap pengembangan media pembelajaran menggunakan alat pirolisis sampah plastik berbasis lingkungan di SMP Kabupaten Musi Rawas. prosedur yang digunakan mengacu pada desain pengembangan model ADDIE (Analisys, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Pemilihan model pengembangan ini didasarkan pada alasan bahwa tahapan-tahapan dasar desain pengembangan ADDIE sederhana, mudah dipelajari, simpel serta lebih mudah dipraktikkan dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran subjek penelitian pada saat identifikasi kelayakan media belajar adalah siswa kelas VII melalui teknik purposive sampling. Dalam penelitian ini data kuantitatif adalah data hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari lembar penelitian angket respon siswa dan guru serta tahap analisis data yang dilakukan untuk melihat dan mengamati permasalahan yang ada di SMP Negeri Kabupaten Musi Rawas dalam pembelajaran terkait sumber belajar berupa media belajar yang mereka gunakan dalam pembelajaran IPA bidang Fisika untuk materi suhu dan kalor. Berdasarkan hasil angket respon yang telah diisi oleh 27 siswa dengan uji coba kelompok terbatas dan luas didapat bahwa alat pirolisis tersebut sangat praktis dengan persentase uji coba kelompok luas sebesar 85,53% dan uji coba kelompok terbatas 88,53%. Serta untuk buku panduannya pada uji coba kelompok luas dengan persentase sebesar 86,79%, serta buku panduan uji kelompok terbatas sangat praktis dengan persentase sebesar 88,5%.
Determination of the relationship between some morphological traits of the tomato lines and resistance tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease
Authors: Zengin Sinan , Kabaş Aylin , İlbi Hülya
Published: September 2019

Background: Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most produced and exported vegetable in Turkey. There are many pathogens to limit tomato production by reducing yield and fruit quality. Among them, Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) causes important economic losses. The most efficient and environmental friendly method against TYLCV is the use of resistant varieties. In this trial, it was aimed to determine some morphological traits which were linked to Ty-1 and Ty-3a genes which confer to TYLCV. A commercial hybrid carrying Ty-1, Ty-3a genes as heterozygous was crossed to a susceptable inbred line from Bati Akdeniz Agricultural and Research Institute (BATEM). Marker assisted selection (MAS) was carried out in F 1 and F 2 generations and biological tests were done for TYLCV resistance in F 3 generation. MAS for Ty-3a and Ty-1 genes were compatible with biological tests.
Complete Genome Sequence of Sphingobacterium sp. Strain CZ-2T Isolated from Tobacco Leaves Infected with Wildfire Disease
Authors: Cai Xunhui , Wang Ruyi , Hu Shengnan , Li Ying , Chen Tao , He Jianyun , Tan Siqiao , Zhou Wei
Published: September 2019

Background Sphingobacterium is a class of Gram-negative, non-fermentative bacilii, and rarely involved in human infections. It is characterized by a large number of cellular membrane sphingophospolipids. Due to its wide ecological distribution and oil degradation ability, environmental microbiologists have paid much attention to it. Results A novel gram-negative bacterium, designated CZ-2 T , was isolated from a sample of tobacco leaves infected with wildfire disease in Guiyang County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, China, and its phylogenetic position was investigated by GC content determination, PCR amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Growth occurred on TGY medium at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The GC content of the DNA of strain CZ-2 T is 40.68 mol%. Genome relatedness, rDNA phylogeny and chemotaxonomic characteristics all indicate that strain CZ-2 T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium . We propose the name Sphingobacterium. tobaci sp. nov., with CZ-2 T as the type strain. Third-generation sequencing (TGS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to derive a finished genome sequence for strain CZ-2 T , consisting of a circular chromosome 3,925,977 bp in size. The genome of strain CZ-2 T features 3,462 protein-encoding and 50 tRNA-encoding genes. Unigenes were annotated by matching against Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG; 2,021 genes), Gene Ontology (GO; 1,952 genes) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases (1,380 genes). Comparison of the predicted proteome of CZ-2 T with those of other Sphingobacterium identified 677 species-specific proteins that may contribute to the adaptation of CZ-2 T to its native environment. Conclusions As the first report of a Sphingobacterium genome sequenced by NGS and TGS, our work will serve as a useful reference for subsequent sequencing and mapping efforts for additional strains and species within this genus.
The Oxidoreductase DsbA1 negatively influences 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthesis by interfering the function of Gcd in Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24
Authors: Wu Xiaogang , Zhang Bo , Zhao Hui , Zhang Li-Qun
Published: September 2019

The polyketide antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24, is positively regulated by the GacS-GacA two-component system. Here we reported on the characterization of DsbA1 (disulfide oxidoreductase) as novel regulator of biocontrol activity in P. fluorescens . Our data showed that mutation of dsbA1 caused the accumulation of 2,4-DAPG in a GacA-independent manner. Further analysis indicated that DsbA1 interacts with membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase Gcd, which positively regulates the production of 2,4-DAPG. Mutation of cysteine (C)-235, C275, and C578 of Gcd, significantly reduced the interaction with DsbA1, enhanced the activity of Gcd and increased 2,4-DAPG production. Taken together, our results suggest that DsbA1 regulates the 2,4-DAPG concentration via fine-tuning the function of Gcd in P. fluorescens 2P24.
Association of a polymorphism in SREBP1 with fatty acid composition and lipogenic gene expression in beef cattle breeds
Authors: Gamarra David , Aldai Noelia , Arakawa Aisaku , Pancorbo Marian M. de , Taniguchi Masaaki
Published: September 2019

Background Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) plays an important role in the lipogenesis and fatty acid (FA) composition in fat cells and is consequently considered to influence the nutritional quality of beef. SREBP1 regulates lipogenic gene transcription including stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCDs) that are responsible for unsaturation of FAs. Therefore, we performed phylogenetic analysis on SREBP1 gene sequences, including 84 bp-indel, among mammals to elucidate the evolutionary importance of this polymorphism and possible effect in the FA composition. Additionally, we analyzed the association between the indel, FA composition, and gene expression of SREBP1 and SCDs in backfat of several commercial type beef breeds in northern Spain (Pirenaica, Salers and Holstein-Friesian).Results In ruminants, the indel region was relatively highly conserved in comparison with the rest of intron 5 sequence or mRNA of SREBP1, suggesting the potential functionality throughout evolution. We applied the definition of the insertion and deletion of 84 bp in intron 5: S (Short) and L (Long) alleles, respectively. Then, we figured the indel is associated with saturated FA (SFA) and several polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) depending on commercial type, specifically Pirenaica bulls, whose SS/SL genotype has been associated with a higher content of 18:0, n-3 and 18:3n-3 (p < 0.05). In Salers, S allele showed the highest frequency (0.385) among all breeds, while SS genotype had high positive correlations between SREBP1 gene expression and UFA contents. Significant correlations between SCD1 and SFAs (16:0) in SL genotype of Pirenaica bulls, but also 9c-16:1 in Pirenaica breed (p < 0.05), suggests a differential relationship between SCD1 and 16:0/9c-16:1 FA contents depending on the indel genotype in this breed. Overall, SS and SS/SL genotypes had a positive correlation between SCD5 and 18:0 (p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between SCD5 and 9c-18:1 (p > 0.05).Conclusions These results suggest that the indel is associated with SFA and PUFA content depending on commercial type. Moreover, the correlations between lipogenic genes (SREBP1 and SCDs) with 16:0 and 9c-16:1, but also 18:0 and 9c-18:1, seems to be attributed to the indel genotype. These findings are useful for beef/dairy breeding to supply nutritionally favorable products.
The association of sleep problems in children with autism and parental quality of life
Authors: Liu Ruiting , Dong Huixi , Wang Ying , Lu Xiaozi , Li Yamin , Xun Guanglei , Xia Kun , Zhao Jingping , Ou Jianjun , Shen Yidong
Published: September 2019

Background Many children with autism suffer from sleep problems that impact not only children’s daytime behavior and cognitive development but also their parents’ life and health. The current study explored how and to what extent sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) impacted their parents’ quality of life (QOL).Methods This study adopted a case-control study design. A total of 440 ASD children aged 4 to 10 years and 344 age-matched typically developing (TD) children were included in the study. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to measure sleep problems in the enrolled children, and parental QOL was measured by the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire Version 2.0 (SF-36v2). Linear regression and pathway analysis were used to explore the impact of children’s sleep problems on parental QOL.Results The linear regression model showed that the CSHQ total scores were negatively associated with maternal mental health summary (MCS) scores (β=-2.831, p=0.005) in the TD group. In the ASD group, the CSHQ total scores were negatively associated with the parental physical health summary (PCS) scores (β=-3.030, p=0.003 for mothers, β=-3.651, p<0.001 for fathers) after adjusting for the child’s age, parental age, parental Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) score and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) score as covariates. The pathway analysis indicated that sleep problems in ASD children had both direct and indirect effects on maternal PCS.Conclusion The main results of the current study showed that sleep problems in children with or without ASD may affect parental QOL in different ways, and ASD children’s sleep problems affect parental physical health as a risk factor independent from the social impairments associated with ASD and the childcare burden of the parents.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers on Prevention and Control of Intestinal Parasitic Infestations in Sekota Town, Waghimra Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Abate Biruk Beletew , Zemariam Alemu Birara , Kassie Ayelign Mengesha
Published: September 2019

Background Intestinal parasites were a major public health problem in many developing countries. It accounts for 1.5 billion infections with one or more causative agents. The national prevalence of helminthiasis in Ethiopia was 29.8% with considerable variability across the different regions. Young children had a high infection rate and suffered with a substantial worm burden of A. lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and schistosomes . Parasitic infection has also serious consequences on human health, such as hepatomegaly, bleeding, esophageal varices, delay in physical development. It also decrease the immunity system, level of intelligence, and labor productivity. Therefore, this study was intended to assess mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infection among their preschool children in Sekota town, Waghimra zone, EthiopiaMethods A cross sectional study was carried out on 378 mothers who had under six years but over two years old children. Although, 384 mothers were selected using sample size calculation in the year 2019, the data was collected from 378 mother-child pairs. A face to face interview was performed using pretested and structured questionnaire in the urban villages, Sekota town. The level of maternal knowledge, attitude and practice were presented in percentage, frequency and table. Results The overall level of good knowledge or knoledgable, positive attitude and good practice of mothers towards intestinal parasites prevention and control in considering their preschool children in Sekota town was 45.2%, 55.3% and 51.1% respectively. Seventy seven 77(20.4%) respondents reported that they knew Ascaris Lumbricoids , 62 (16.4%) participants wash vegetables as a means of intestinal prevention, and 252 (66.7%) of participants stated that their children had at least one stool examination previously.Conclusions The overall level of optimum knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers on prevention and control of intestinal parasites is low. In particular, the level of optimal knowledge is very low in this study. According to the median parameter, 50% and above of mothers had both positive attitude and good practice. But mothers who were knowledgeable fall below 50%. Therefore, community awareness about intestinal parasitic infestations prevention and control should be created with special emphasis on mothers.
Predictive factors for developing acute cholangitis and cholecystitis in patients undergoing delayed cholecystectomy: a retrospective study
Authors: Miyata Takashi , Matsui Daisuke , Fujiwara Yuta , Saito Hiroto , Ohbatake Yoshinao , Nishijima Koji , Miyashita Tomoharu , Futagami Fumio , Nakamura Takashi , Takamura Hiroyuki
Published: September 2019

Background We evaluated the risk of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis while waiting for cholecystectomy for gallstones. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 168 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for gallstones after a waiting period and conservative therapy between April 2014 and March 2018 at our hospital. We compared the clinical data from 20 patients who developed acute cholangitis and cholecystitis while waiting for cholecystectomy (group A) with data from 148 patients who did not develop cholangitis and cholecystitis (group B). The risk factors for developing acute cholangitis and cholecystitis and all patients' surgical outcomes were investigated. Results Preoperatively, significant differences in age (68.6 years vs 60.7 years; p= 0.004) and the number of patients with a previous history of acute grade II or III cholecystitis (55.0% vs 10.8%; p< 0.001) and biliary drainage (20.0% vs 2.0%; p= 0.004) were observed between group A and group B, respectively. Preoperative white blood cell counts (13500/µL vs 8155/µL; p< 0.001) and serum C-reactive protein levels (12.6 mg/dL vs 5.1 mg/dL; p< 0.001) were significantly increased, and serum albumin levels (3.2 g/dL vs 4.0 g/dL; p< 0.001) were significantly decreased in group A vs group B, respectively. Gallbladder wall thickening (≥ 5 mm) (45.0% vs 18.9%; p= 0.018), incarcerated gallbladder neck stones (55.0% vs 22.3%; p= 0.005), and abscess around the gallbladder (20.0% vs 1.4%; p= 0.002) were seen significantly more frequently during imaging in group A vs group B, respectively. Furthermore, investigating patients' surgical outcomes revealed a higher conversion rate to open surgery (20.0% vs 2.0%; p= 0.004), longer operation time (137 min vs 102 min; p< 0.001), and a higher incidence of intraoperative complications (10.0% vs 0%; p= 0.014) in group A vs group B, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that a history of severe cholecystitis is a risk factor for developing acute cholangitis and cholecystitis in patients waiting for surgery, and a risk factor for increased surgical difficulty.
Impact of preoperative fecal short chain fatty acids on postoperative infectious complications in esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Motoori Masaaki , Tanaka Koji , Sugimura Keijiro , Miyata Hiroshi , Saito Takuro , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Fujitani Kazumasa , Kado Yukiko , Asahara Takashi , Yano Masahiko
Published: September 2019

Background: The intestinal epithelial barrier allows absorption of dietary nutrients and prevents passage of pathogens and toxins into the body. Severe insults have a negative impact on the intestinal environment, which may decrease intestinal barrier function and cause bacterial translocation. Bacterial translocation, which can cause infectious complications, is the passage of microbes from the gastrointestinal tract across the mucosal barrier to extraintestinal sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between concentrations of preoperative fecal organic acids and the occurrence of postoperative infectious complications in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: Fifty-five patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy were enrolled in this study. All patients were administered perioperative synbiotics. Perioperative clinical characteristics and concentrations of preoperative fecal organic acids were compared between patients with or without postoperative infectious complications. Results: Postoperative infectious complications occurred in 10 patients. In patients with complications, the concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid were significantly lower than in patients without complications (p=0.044 and 0.032, respectively). The concentration of butyric acid was nonsignificantly lower, while the concentration of lactic acid was nonsignificantly higher in patients with complications. The calculated gap between the concentrations of fecal acetic acid plus propionic acid plus butyric acid minus lactic acid was significantly lower in patients with complications. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low gap between acetic acid plus propionic acid plus butyric acid minus lactic acid was an independent risk factor for postoperative infectious complications (p=0.027). Conclusions : Preoperative fecal concentrations of organic acids had a clinically important impact on the occurrence of postoperative infectious complications in patients with esophageal cancer. To reduce postoperative infectious complications, it may be useful to modulate the intestinal environment and maintain concentrations of fecal organic acids before surgery.
Consultation-dependent motivation to self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a qualitative triangulation study
Authors: Teyken Rose Marie , Lomholt Johanne Jeppesen , Schou Anders Jørgen
Published: September 2019

Background. The impact of health care professionals on the motivation for self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes has been highlighted as important. It is, however, not well understood how pediatric diabetes health care practitioners can help adolescents become more motivated to self-management. The aim of the study was to investigate how practitioners can motivate their patients to self-management in consultation and how adolescents with type 1 diabetes experienced consultation-dependent motivation to self-management. Methods. Based on a qualitative research design, the study triangulated participant observations of 11 consultations at a pediatric health care clinic and 10 interviews of the adolescents (15-17 years of age) about their experiences of consultations. Using Giorgi’s phenomenological method, the analysis showed five categories important to consultation-dependent motivation to self-management: 1. Consultation setting, 2. Consultation conversation, 3. Roles in treatment, 4. Assuming consultation-dependent responsibility for self-management, and 5. Relationship in treatment. Results from the analysis were compared to fulfilment of the motivational needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness described in Self-Determination Theory. Results. Overall findings showed that the adolescent’s developmental process of becoming autonomous in relation to self-management was influenced by consultations, and that the need for relatedness was experienced as valued by the adolescents. Conclusions. The conclusion of the study was that relatedness and development of autonomy were experienced as important for consultation-dependent motivation to self-management in 15-17-year-olds and may be fundamental to adolescents’ experience of competence in relation to self-management.
Using the Health Believe Model to Explain the Patient’s Compliance to Anti-hypertensive Treatment in Three District Hospitals - Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross Section Study
Authors: Joho Angelina Alphonce , Leshabari Sebalda
Published: September 2019

Background Hypertension is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors; but compliance to anti-hypertensive medications remains to be a public health challenge worldwide. Health belief model have been used to explain adoption of preventive measures to health problems. This study used the health belief model as a framework to explain the compliance to anti-hypertensive drugs among elderly hypertensive patients. The study aimed at finding the influence of health belief model in treatment compliance among elderly hypertensive patients in three district hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods We conducted an analytical cross- sectional study in three District hospitals in Dar es Salaam Region. We included patients who were on antihypertensive medications. Simple random sampling was used to enrol study participants. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS. Frequency distribution and Multivariate analysis was done using Linear Multiple Regression to identify variables which are strongest predictor of treatment compliance among variables of Health Believe Model. Results: A total of 135 participants were enrolled, 56% were compliant to treatment. Multiple linear regression was used to operationalize the Health Belief Model with treatment compliance being dependant variable. The predictor variables were perceived benefit, perceived barriers and cues to action. Multivariate analysis indicated significant model fit for the data (F = 11.19 and P value < 0.001). The amount of variance in treatment compliance that is explained by the predictors is 30.3% (R² = 0.303) with perceived barrier being the strongest predictor of treatment compliance (β = -0.477; p < 0.001). A negative beta coefficient indicates a negative association between perceived barriers and treatment compliance. Other predictor variables were not statistically associated with treatment compliance. Conclusion: The study showed that almost half of study participants had hypertensive treatment compliance, with the use of health believe model the important strongest variable was perceived barrier to treatment. An innovative strategy on improving patients’ perception of barrier to treatment is recommended to increase treatment compliance. Key words: Hypertension, Treatment compliance, lifestyle
Prevalence and associated factors of motorcycle accident injuries in public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia.
Authors: Tadesse Fikru , Mekonnen Shewangizaw , T/Selassie Wondwosen , Kediro Gemechu , Gobena Negeso , Bedaso Asres , Ebrahim Jemal , Gebrehana Ephrem
Published: September 2019

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of motorcycle accident injuries in hospitals of Sothern Ethiopia, 2018/2019.Result Of the total 423 road traffic injury, motorcycles were involved in 213 (50.4%) of the road traffic accidents. The presence of poor road conditions like loose gravel, steep descent, and rough road was responsible for 44.6% of motorcycle accident injury. The odds of motorcycle accident injuries were 50% and 52% less likely to occur during sunny and foggy weather conditions respectively compared to rainy weather conditions.
Comparing the effects of dezocine with lidocaine on prevention of propofol injection pain in adults: a prospective randomized double-blind trial
Authors: Zhu Xuqin , Jia Songlin , Xu Yajun , Sun Zhirong
Published: September 2019

Background

Propofol injection pain (PIP) is common and may decrease patient comfort. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of dezocine with lidocaine on prevention of PIP.Methods

235 patients, who scheduled for elective surgery, aged 18–80 years and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II, were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 47 each). All patients were induced through the dor­sal hand vein or antecubital vein. The five groups were given the following medication intravenously: saline (Group I), lidocaine 20 mg (Group II), lidocaine 40 mg (Group III), dezocine 2 mg (Group IV) and dezocine 4 mg (Group V). Twenty seconds later all patients received a propofol infusion and were asked to grade pain or discomfort in the hand or forearm according to a four-point scale until anesthesia.Results

Three groups showed a significantly lower incidence of total PIP than Group I: Group III (OR [Odds ratio]: 0.39 (0.16, 0.93)); Group IV (OR: 0.21 (0.09, 0.51)) and Group V (OR: 0.12 (0.05, 0.30)). Group IV showed a significantly lower incidence of total PIP than Group II (OR: 0.32 (0.13, 0.77)). Group V showed a significantly lower incidence of total PIP than Group II (OR: 0.15 (0.06, 0.39)) or Group III (OR: 0.30 (0.13, 0.72)).Conclusion

Dezocine is a novel agent to alleviate PIP and appears to some extent to be more effective than lidocaine.
Exchange rate volatility and foreign portfolio investment in Nigeria
Authors: A. Ogundipe Adeyemi , Alabi Joys , J. Asaleye Abiola , M. Ogundipe Oluwatomisin
Published: September 2019

The study examines the link between exchange rate volatility and foreign portfolio in Nigeria using data that covers the period 1996Q1 to 2016Q4. The theoretical framework used is the return and creditworthiness model, which is based on the push and pull factors theory. In achieving the objective, the study adopted the vector autoregressive model in ascertaining the dynamics between exchange rate volatility and foreign portfolio investment in Nigeria. Also, the study examines the impact of exchange rate innovations (shocks) on foreign portfolio investment and equally assesses how induced variations in foreign portfolio investment are decomposed among the variables in the model. It was also found that exchange rate volatility and market capitalization significantly and largely explain the variations in foreign portfolio investment. The impulse response analysis shows that foreign portfolio investment was more responsive to standard deviation shocks in market capitalization and exchange rate, implying that these variables were more responsible for the dynamism in FPI. As the horizons expand, shocks to market capitalization and exchange rate increase foreign portfolio investment, whereas shocks to GDP and inflation made foreign portfolio investment dwindle. In the same manner, in decomposing the induced variation in foreign portfolio investment, forecast error shocks in market capitalization, exchange rate and GDP explain more of the variation in foreign portfolio investment.
Wastewater reuse in Turkey: from present status to future potential
Authors: Nas Bilgehan , Uyanik Sinan , Aygün Ahmet , Doğan Selim , Erul Gürsel , Nas K. Batuhan , Turgut Sefa , Cop Mustafa , Dolu Taylan
Published: September 2019

The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) initiated an important project, ‘Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Turkey’, in 2017. With this project, all wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated to determine wastewater reuse purposes for the first time. The results obtained from this project were that although there are 1,015 existing WWTPs, only 15 of them realized wastewater reuse. In 2017, the total volume of reused treated wastewater in Turkey amounted to 29.6 million m3/year, accounting for 0.78% of the treated urban wastewater. With the present water potential and sectoral water use rates, Turkey should make key administrative and technical regulations in the coming years for water reuse. This paper aims to give an overview of wastewater reuse activities from present status to future potential in Turkey and the opportunities and challenges in expanding water reuse. The status of WWTPs, treatment processes and their compliance with the WWTPs where reuse is carried out in Turkey are evaluated in this study. The realization of the planned goals and challenges are discussed after regulatory changes in Turkey for reclaimed wastewater and reuse targets for 2023.
Diagnóstico da arborização da Praça Centenário, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Dias de Oliveira Jefferson , Scipioni Marcelo Callegari , Nunho dos Reis Allan Rodrigo , Ximenes Eduarda
Published: September 2019

A praça, uma das tipologias de áreas verdes mais acessíveis à população urbana, pode desempenhar diversas funções. É preciso entender a importância do planejamento adequado na criação, na manutenção e no manejo dessas áreas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar quali-quantitativamente a arborização da Praça Pública Centenário, do município de Curitibanos (SC). Foram identificados e analisados todos os indivíduos arbóreo-arbustivos por meio de seus parâmetros biométricos e fitossanitários. Encontraram-se 51 espécies, sendo 45 nativas e seis exóticas. As árvores apresentam-se com um bom estado biomecânico; apenas alguns indivíduos necessitam de remoção, em virtude de grandes cavidades e baixo percentual de lenho sadio. As espécies com os maiores índices de valor de cobertura foram Sloanea lasiocoma K.Schum., Butia eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc., Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman e Eugenia uniflora L. A praça precisa de adequações, com vistas à segurança do local e à melhoria no manejo dos indivíduos arbóreos, principalmente de árvores antigas de grande porte. A diversidade de espécies encontradas faz da praça um remanescente de biodiversidade no centro urbano do município de Curitibanos, tornando-a a mais importante área verde da cidade, pela composição florística, localização, extensão e pelo porte das grandes árvores que compõem o local.
Small Molecules with Anti-Prion Activity
Authors: Mustazza Carlo , Sbriccoli Marco , Minosi Paola , Raggi Carla
Published: September 2019

Prion pathologies are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by the misfolding of the
physiological Prion Protein (PrPC) into a β-structure-rich isoform called PrPSc. To date, there is no
available cure for prion diseases and just a few clinical trials have been carried out. The initial approach
in the search of anti-prion agents had PrPSc as a target, but the existence of different prion
strains arising from alternative conformations of PrPSc, limited the efficacy of the ligands to a straindependent
ability. That has shifted research to PrPC ligands, which either act as chaperones, by stabilizing
the native conformation, or inhibit its interaction with PrPSc. The role of transition-metal
mediated oxidation processes in prion misfolding has also been investigated. Another promising
approach is the indirect action via other cellular targets, like membrane domains or the Protein-
Folding Activity of Ribosomes (PFAR). Also, new prion-specific high throughput screening techniques
have been developed. However, so far no substance has been found to be able to extend satisfactorily
survival time in animal models of prion diseases. This review describes the main features
of the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of the various chemical classes of anti-prion agents.
Analysis of Unusual Adverse Effects After Radium-223 Dichloride Administration
Authors: Frantellizzi Viviana , Pontico Mariano , Pani Arianna , Pani Roberto , De Vincentis Giuseppe
Published: September 2019

Background:

To our knowledge, no previous study or literature review has been performed
about the effects of the extravasation of therapeutic radiopharmaceutical agents and its potential consequences,
especially regarding alpha-particle emitting radiopharmaceuticals.

Methods:

Even if Radium-223 dichloride is known to be a relatively safe drug to manage, despite the
correctness of the procedures applied , unexpected delayed adverse effects can occur.

:

In our vast experience, we rarely observed lymphedema, even after some time, at the site of administration.

Results:

Management of lymphedema caused by radiopharmaceuticals administration has been addressed
through clinical examples. The sudden intervention allowed a fast remission of the signs and
symptoms complained by patients treated with Radium-223 dichloride.

Conclusions:

The management of adverse effects after radiopharmaceuticals administration as in case
of lymphedema onset, is extremely simple. These data confirm the safety of Radium-223 treatment.
The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Product Formulation
Authors: Singh Lalit , Tiwari Ritesh K. , Verma Shashi , Sharma Vijay
Published: September 2019

Background:

Conventional approach of formulating a new dosage form is a comprehensive
task and uses various sources like man, money, time and experimental efforts. The use of AI can help
to obtain optimized pharmaceutical formulation with desired (best) attributes. AI minimizes the use of
resources and increases the understanding of impact, of independent variable over desired dependent
responses/variables.

Objective:

Thus, the aim of present work is to explore the use of Artificial intelligence in designing
pharmaceutical products as well as the manufacturing process to get the pharmaceutical product of desired
attributes with ease. The review is presenting various aspects of Artificial intelligence like Quality
by Design (QbD) & Design of Experiment (DoE) to confirm the quality profile of drug product, reduce
interactions among the input variables for the optimization, modelization and various simulation tools
used in pharmaceutical manufacturing (scale up and production).

Conclusion:

Hence, the use of QbD approach in Artificial intelligence is not only useful in understanding
the products or process but also helps in building an excellent and economical pharmaceutical product.