bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation Effects on Inclined Magnetohydrodynamics Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Flow of Hybrid Nanofluids over a Moving and Static Wedge
Authors: Siti Shuhada Ishak  , Nurul Nurfatihah Mazlan  , Mohd Rijal Ilias  , Roselah Osman  , Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim  , Nurul Farahain Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, hybrid nanofluids play an important role in heat transfer systems. They are a good alternative to increase the efficiency of heat transfer and save the energy. Thermal radiation and mixed convection flow of hybrid nanofluids past a permeable moving and stationary wedge were studied in this research. This research uses water as a base fluid to investigate the effects of silver (Ag) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. Similarity transformation techniques are used to convert the partial differential equations of hybrid nanofluids to ordinary differential equations, which is then solved numerically by applying the implicit finite difference Keller box method. The results of the research are illustrated graphically to show the behavior of velocity and temperature profiles, as well as skin friction and Nusselt number. Increasing the parameters of the aligned magnetic field, magnetic field interaction, mixed convection, and wedge angle parameter results in higher velocity profiles but lower temperature profiles. As the radiation parameter and the nanoparticle volume fraction increase, the temperature rises and the velocity decreases. With the exception of the radiation parameter, the skin friction and Nusselt number increase as the alignment angle of the magnetic field, the interaction of the magnetic field, the mixed convection, the wedge angle parameter, and the volume fraction of nanoparticle Ag and MgO rise. As a result of these findings, the velocity profiles and Nusselt numbers of moving wedges are higher, but the temperature profiles and skin friction are lower than those of stationary and moving against flow wedges. In addition, a comparison with previously published research is presented, with excellent agreement discovered. The results of this research will contribute to the field of knowledge in mathematics by bringing additional information for mathematician interested in future research on hybrid nanofluids.
Artistic and theatrical aspects of coronation ceremonies and tales of utopia
Authors:   Research Institute of Theory and History of Fine Arts of the Russian Academy of Arts, Slyunkova Inessa N.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to artistic and theatrical aspects of Royal coronations within the framework of their representations throughout the history of Russia. An attempt is made to trace the interaction of the following factors: immutability of ceremonial language; artistic and stylistic evolution of art and spatial organization; changes in semantic interpretations of ceremonial imagery. Special attention is paid to the realization of the idea of a national coronation during the last period of the Russian monarchy. This is the first article attracting attention to the opposition of the solemn / popular in the structure of the artistic representation of coronations.
Mystery-Pictures by Tatiana Obraztsova
Authors:   Research Institute of Theory and History of Fine Arts, Russian Academy of Arts, Orlov Sergey I.
Published: December 2022

The author introduces art lovers to the creative work of Tatiana Obraztsova, professor, Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Arts and Honorary Art Worker of the city of Moscow. Her landscapes created in various techniques show a deep connection with European symbolism and art traditions of the Far East. The original area of creative search lies in decorative panels-collages made with textured fabrics, multi-colored threads, sparkling glass pendants, necklaces, etc.
POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN DEVELOPING AND UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES. DO FOREIGN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM MATTER?
Authors: Han Qifei , Jin Lifu , Khan Muhammad Aamir Shafique , Vitenu-Sackey Prince Asare , Obrenovic Bojan
Published: December 2022

Our study focuses on the role of foreign capital which includes foreign direct investment, foreign aid, and economic freedom in poverty alleviation in developing and underdeveloped countries by using panel data from 1995 to 2018 for 71 countries. In the pursuit of achieving our objective, we employed several econometric techniques such as dynamic ordinary least square, fully modified ordinary least square, dynamic fixed effect, and pooled mean group regression methods. Furthermore, we performed the Granger causality test, impulse response function, and variance decomposition analysis. In our long-run estimations, we found that foreign direct investment could significantly alleviate poverty but increases poverty in the short run. Instead, foreign aid plays no significant role in poverty alleviation. Moreover, economic growth and economic freedom are essential as our findings consistently exhibited that they play a crucial role in poverty alleviation. We also found bidirectional causality between poverty alleviation and population growth, while a unidirectional causal linkage was found from poverty alleviation to foreign aid. We conclude that policymakers should look at a new paradigm of developmental assistance, and governments should also create an aiding environment for foreign investment to support their growth plan.
The Obscured Fraction of Quasars at Cosmic Noon
Authors: Vijarnwannaluk Bovornpratch , Akiyama Masayuki , Schramm Malte , Ueda Yoshihiro , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Toba Yoshiki , Sawicki Marcin , Gwyn Stephen , Pflugradt Janek
Published: December 2022

Statistical studies of X-ray selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) indicate that the fraction of obscured AGN increases with increasing redshift, and the results suggest that a significant part of the accretion growth occurs behind obscuring material in the early universe. We investigate the obscured fraction of highly accreting X-ray AGN at around the peak epoch of supermassive black hole growth utilizing the wide and deep X-ray and optical/IR imaging data sets. A unique sample of luminous X-ray selected AGNs above z > 2 was constructed by matching the XMM-SERVS X-ray point-source catalog with a point-spread function convolved photometric catalog covering the u*–4.5 μm bands. Photometric redshift, hydrogen column density, and 2–10 keV AGN luminosity of the X-ray selected AGN candidates were estimated. Using the sample of 306 2–10 keV detected AGN at above redshift 2, we estimate the fraction of AGN with

log

N

H

(

cm

−
2

)
>
22

, assuming parametric X-ray luminosity and absorption functions. The results suggest that

76

−
3

+
4

%

of luminous quasars (

log

L

X

(
erg

s

−
1

)
>
44.5

) above redshift 2 are obscured. The fraction indicates an increased contribution of obscured accretion at high redshift than that in the local universe. We discuss the implications of the increasing obscured fraction with increasing redshift based on the AGN obscuration scenarios, which describe obscuration properties in the local universe. Both the obscured and unobscured z > 2 AGN show a broad range of SEDs and morphology, which may reflect the broad variety of host galaxy properties and physical processes associated with the obscuration.
Investigating Anomalous Photochemistry in the Inner Wind of IRC+10216 through Interferometric Observations of HC3N
Authors: Siebert Mark A. , Van de Sande Marie , Millar Thomas J. , Remijan Anthony J.
Published: December 2022

In recent years, many questions have arisen regarding the chemistry of photochemical products in the carbon-rich winds of evolved stars. To address them, it is imperative to constrain the distributions of such species through high-angular-resolution interferometric observations covering multiple rotational transitions. We used archival Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations to map rotational lines involving high energy levels of cyanoacetylene (HC3N) toward the inner envelope (radius < 8″/1000 au) of the carbon star IRC+10216. The observed lines include the J = 28 − 27, J = 30 − 29, and J = 38 − 37 transitions of HC3N in its ground vibrational state. In contrast to previous observations of linear carbon chains toward this asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star that show extended, hollow emission at 15″–20″ radii (e.g., C4H, C6H, and HC5N), the maps of the HC3N lines here show compact morphologies comprising various arcs and density enhancements, with significant emission from gas clumps at an angular distance of ∼3″ (350 au) from the central AGB star. We compared visibility sampled non-LTE radiative transfer models with the observed brightness distributions, and derive a fractional abundance with respect to H2 of 10−8 for HC3N at the radii probed by these lines. These results are consistent with enhanced photochemistry occurring in warm (∼200 K) regions of the circumstellar envelope. After application of a specialized chemical model for IRC+10216, we find evidence that the enhanced HC3N abundances in the inner wind are most likely due to a solar-type binary companion initiating photochemistry in this region.
Is the Hot, Dense Sub-Neptune TOI-824 b an Exposed Neptune Mantle? Spitzer Detection of the Hot Dayside and Reanalysis of the Interior Composition
Authors: Roy Pierre-Alexis , Benneke Björn , Piaulet Caroline , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Kreidberg Laura , Dragomir Diana , Deming Drake , Werner Michael W. , Parmentier Vivien , Christiansen Jessie L. , Dressing Courtney D. , Kane Stephen R. , Morales Farisa Y.
Published: December 2022

The Kepler and TESS missions revealed a remarkable abundance of sub-Neptune exoplanets. Despite this abundance, our understanding of the nature and compositional diversity of sub-Neptunes remains limited, to a large part because atmospheric studies via transmission spectroscopy almost exclusively have aimed for low-density sub-Neptunes, and even those were often affected by high-altitude clouds. The recent TESS discovery of the hot, dense TOI-824 b (2.93 R
⊕ and 18.47 M
⊕) opens a new window into sub-Neptune science by enabling the study of a dense sub-Neptune via secondary eclipses. Here, we present the detection of TOI-824 b’s hot dayside via Spitzer secondary-eclipse observations in the 3.6 and 4.5 μm channels, combined with a reanalysis of its interior composition. The measured eclipse depths (142

−
52

+
57

and

245

−
77

+
75

ppm) and brightness temperatures (1463

−
196

+
183

and

1484

−
202

+
180

K) indicate a poor heat redistribution (f < 0.49) and a low Bond albedo (A

B
< 0.26). We conclude that TOI-824 b could be an “exposed Neptune mantle”: a planet with a Neptune-like water-rich interior that never accreted a hydrogen envelope or that subsequently lost it. The hot dayside temperature is then naturally explained by a high-metallicity envelope reemitting the bulk of the incoming radiation from the dayside. TOI-824 b’s density is also consistent with a massive rocky core that accreted up to 1% of hydrogen, but the observed eclipse depths favor our high-metallicity general circulation model (GCM) simulation to a solar-metallicity GCM simulation with a likelihood ratio of 7:1. The new insights into TOI-824 b’s nature suggest that the sub-Neptune population may be more diverse than previously thought, with some of the dense hot sub-Neptunes potentially not hosting a hydrogen-rich envelope as generally assumed for sub-Neptunes.
(When) Can Wave Heating Balance Optically Thin Radiative Losses in the Corona?
Authors: De Moortel I. , Howson T. A.
Published: December 2022

Why the atmosphere of the Sun is orders of magnitudes hotter than its surface is a long standing question in solar physics. Over the years, many studies have looked at the potential role of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in sustaining these high temperatures. In this study, we use 3D MHD simulations to investigate (driven) transverse waves in a coronal loop. As the boundary-driven transverse waves propagate along the flux tube, the radial density profile leads to resonant absorption (or mode coupling) and phase mixing in the boundaries of the flux tube and the large velocity shears are subject to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI). The combination of these effects leads to enhanced energy dissipation and wave heating. Considering both resonant and nonresonant boundary driving as well as different densities for the flux tube, we show that only wave heating associated with a resonant driver in a lower-density loop (with a loop core density ∼5 × 10−13 kg m−3) is able to balance radiative losses in the loop shell. Changing the model parameters to consider a denser loop or a driver with a nonresonant frequency, or both, leads to cooling of the coronal loop as the energy losses are greater than the energy injection and dissipation rates.
The Hercules pseudoscorpions from Madagascar: A systematic study of Feaellidae (Pseudoscorpiones: Feaelloidea) highlights regional endemism and diversity in one of the “hottest” biodiversity hotspots
Authors: Lorenz Michelle , Loria Stephanie F. , Harvey Mark S. , Harms Danilo
Published: December 2022

Madagascar is amongst the “hottest” biodiversity hotspots with extreme levels of diversity and endemism. Throughout the last decades, there has been substantial progress in documenting the Malagasy invertebrate fauna but no study has ever focused on pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) in the arachnid fauna. Here we review the Malagasy fauna of Hercules pseudoscorpions (family Feaellidae), which are common in soil habitats of arid biomes across Madagascar. Using morphology and molecular data, we recover three reciprocally monophyletic clades that correspond to three new genera in well-defined biogeographical regions and identify twelve new species: Antsiarananaellagen. nov. for Antsirananaella lorenzorumsp. nov., Antsiarananaella leniaesp. nov., Antsiarananaella faulstichisp. nov. and Antsiarananaella marlaesp. nov.; Mahajanganellagen. nov. for Mahajanganella fridakahloaesp. nov., Mahajanganella heraclissp. nov. and Mahajanganella schwarzeneggerisp. nov.; Toliaranellagen. nov. for Toliaranella fisherisp. nov., Toliaranella griswoldisp. nov., Toliaranella mahnertisp. nov., Toliaranella meridionalissp. nov. and Toliaranella pumilasp. nov. Local endemism in this fauna is high and most species have small distributions, ranging from 20 km to 350 km linearly. Genetic distances between populations are also high, suggesting restricted dispersal or selection against dispersal in this fauna. Species’ ranges seem to be delimited by geological barriers including volcanic fields (Ambre-Bobaomby in the north of Madagascar), mountain ranges (foothills of the Central Highland Plateau), and rivers (Manankolana, Mandrare, Manombo and Onilahy Rivers and their anabranches), but mainly by different biome habitats. Overall, Madagascar emerges as a global “hotspot” of feaellid radiation and these animals may be used in future studies to test biogeographical hypotheses across xeric biomes on this island.
Le deuil comme attention à autrui
Authors: Veyrié Nadia
Published: December 2022

Le deuil de mes êtres chers a provoqué et a intégré une sublimation par la recherche, l’écriture et la transmission de valeurs dont l’attention envers la souffrance d’autrui. Quand je choisis de travailler sur la question du deuil, j’avais une forme de rage qui s’accumulait du fait de la douleur récente de ce décès.
La recherche collaborative : au-delà de l’entre-soi, un entredeux de savoir émancipateur
Authors: Bert Catherine
Published: December 2022

Pour faire face à l’incertitude et à la complexité du monde, nous avons besoin de coconstruire des savoirs robustes, ainsi que de croiser les expertises au sujet des différents registres de nos existences. La recherche collaborative se présente comme une voie spécifique pour répondre à ces besoins. Elle s’appuie sur une exigence démocratique de construire un savoir « avec » et non pas « sur ». L’intention de cet article est de proposer une réflexion sur les enjeux épistémologiques de la recherche collaborative. Ces enjeux seront développés non pas en répondant à trois questions, mais en les déployant : qui produit le savoir ? quel est le statut du savoir ? à quoi sert le savoir ? Au regard de ces questions, les enjeux épistémologiques apparaissent inextricablement liés à des enjeux éthiques et politiques.
Créer une baladodiffusion : ouvrir des voies et partager des voix
Authors: Khoury Emmanuelle , Pariseau-Legault Pierre , Daoust-Boisvert Amélie , Bujold Audrey , Benisty Lisa
Published: December 2022

La baladodiffusion facilite le processus d’engagement, de prise de distance et de création de sens des personnes impliquées, ainsi que la coconstruction des savoirs. Ces porte-voix modernes sont un moyen ayant le potentiel de démocratiser les connaissances, de les rendre plus accessibles et de favoriser une meilleure proximité avec un public cible. Cet article documente un projet à la croisée du travail social, des sciences infirmières et du journalisme, et qui a pour objectif mutuel l’inclusion de voix marginalisées ou de voix peu entendues au sein de l’espace public. Le processus de création d’une baladodiffusion, ainsi que l’artefact qui en est issu, représente le développement et l’utilisation de celle-ci comme un outil de partage des récits de vie et d’apprentissage qui met la voix des personnes concernées au centre d’un croisement des connaissances. Ce texte propose des pistes réflexives autour des rapports de pouvoir et de l’autoréflexion des chercheurs au regard du potentiel et des défis d’un tel projet collaboratif.
La Serbie, équilibriste entre Russie et Occident
Authors: Bieber Florian , Cadenza Academic translations
Published: December 2022

La Serbie a refusé de soutenir les sanctions de l’UE contre la Russie, suscitant par l’ambivalence de sa politique étrangère une attention redoublée de la communauté internationale. Cette position s’inscrit dans la continuité de la politique étrangère du pays. L’ambiguïté est une stratégie délibérée pour le président Vučić, qui entend ne pas être « coincé entre l’Est et l’Ouest » : elle lui permet de consolider son pouvoir à Belgrade et de maximiser sa marge de manœuvre sur le plan international.
L’euro, 30 ans après Maastricht et 10 ans après le drame grec
Authors: Daniel Jean-Marc
Published: December 2022

L’euro est conçu à la fin des années 1980 pour constituer l’un des trois pôles de l’ordre monétaire international. L’impossibilité d’équilibrer les comptes publics des États membres va le conduire à la grave crise de 2012. La politique de quantitative easing de la Banque centrale européenne sauvera la monnaie unique, y compris pendant la pandémie de Covid-19. Aujourd’hui, l’accumulation des déficits publics pose à nouveau la question de sa viabilité de long terme.
A reaction to the French “non”? Or a case of institutional bricolage?
Authors: Anderlini Michel Vincent
Published: December 2022

Comment la Commission européenne a-t-elle conçu sa nouvelle méthodologie d'élargissement malgré une certaine lassitude face à ce processus ? Plusieurs études ont montré que l'opposition française au lancement des négociations d'adhésion avec la Macédoine du Nord et l'Albanie en 2019 expliquait le contenu de la nouvelle méthodologie. Traditionnellement, la politique d'élargissement a été vue à travers le prisme de l´institutionnalisme rationnel : de ce point de vue, la nouvelle méthodologie serait le résultat d’un tel choc externe. Cet article soutient au contraire, en utilisant le cadre de l'institutionnalisme discursif et le concept de bricolage institutionnel, que la nouvelle méthodologie est le produit de quatre discours différents sur l'élargissement superposés les uns sur les autres.
Assessing changes in size at maturity for the European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in Atlantic Iberian waters
Authors: Lojo Davinia , Cousido-Rocha Marta , Cerviño Santiago , Dominguez-Petit Rosario , Sainza María , Pennino Maria Grazia
Published: December 2022

European hake (Merluccius merluccius) is a commercially important resource in Iberian Atlantic waters. Despite the recovery plan implemented in 2006 and the multiannual management plan for western waters, fishing mortality is still higher than that corresponding to the maximum sustainable yield for the southern European hake stock. The biological processes underlying the dynamics of this stock and its life history traits are essential for assessing population productivity and resilience, making them basic information for management. We analysed the temporal variability of size at maturity (L50) of this species and the main factors influencing it in Atlantic Iberian waters from 1982 to 2019. The annual variability of L50 for each sex was modelled with generalized additive models, considering explanatory environmental variables (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation and sea surface temperature) and biological variables (biomass, spawning biomass at length and relative condition factor). The results showed that the L50 of males decreased by a total of 12.9 cm and L50 of females decreased by a total of 10.9 cm from 1982 to 2019. For females the significant explanatory variables were year, spawning biomass at length, biomass and the North Atlantic Oscillation, while for males only year was an explanatory variable. These results are important for understanding the status of the European hake population, signalling that L50 is a good indicator for predicting future population dynamics.
“Let’s Go Home!:” Representing Space and Time through Travel and Photographs in “Zainichi” Cinema
Authors: Chan Jonathan
Published: December 2022

This essay aims to address depictions of an originary 'return' for 'Zainichi' subjects in Isao Yukisada's Go (2001), Yang Yong-hi's Dear Pyongyang, and Eric Khoo's Ramen Teh (2018) through their representations of travel and photographs. As motifs across all three films, these function as ciphers of space and time, integral to the Abstract: conceptualization of feeling rooted as opposed to the sensation of the "unhomely'. Scenes of travel present both its possibilities and impossibilities, how movement may not be enough to enable a departure from Japan, but also how a departure from Japan may not resolve knotty questions of identification. Photographs, similarly, may aid in presenting an idealization or reminder of the past depending on who is being presented and where.
Classical Doppler shift explains the Michelson‐Morley null result
Authors: Rapport Nathan
Published: December 2022

Here we review Michelson‐Morley's original analysis of their interferometer experiment and discuss its use of optical distance. We derive a formula for transverse Doppler shift from geometric considerations, apply this to the Michelson‐Morley interferometer, and present
a phase analysis for the experiment. Furthermore, we present an equation for Doppler shift at a general angle and use this to derive the null phase shift result for round-trip interferometer paths at any arbitrary angle. We do not dispute the validity of the null result, nor the prediction
of an arrival-time difference for the transverse and longitudinal arms of the interferometer; rather, we challenge the implicit assumption that an arrival time difference will necessarily result in an observable fringe shift.
Absurd: Einstein’s special relativity (SR) causes an inconstant speed of light, claiming to explain the consequences of a constant speed c
Authors: Ziefle Reiner Georg
Published: December 2022

Einstein was led astray by a physically incorrect calculation by Michelson and Morley in the context of the Michelson‐Morley experiment. For the light beam in the horizontal light path, their calculation yields the claim that [(1 − v/c) × c] + [(1 + v/c) × c] = 2[(1 − v2/c2) × c].
This is incorrect and mathematically increases the horizontal light path 2d 0 by the factor [(1 + v2/c2)], which Einstein’s theory of special relativity corrects by introducing the time dilation factor γ and the
length contraction factor 1/γ. When we calculate correctly, the mathematical increase in the length of horizontal light path no longer happens and Einstein’s mathematical corrections of the horizontal light path imply an inconstancy of the speed of light. This means that Einstein’s
special relativity is just a mathematical correction of a physical calculation error, not a true physical theory, and it was thus pure chance that Einstein found the physically real kinematic time dilation factor γ. The null result of the Michelson‐Morley experiment, along with
the kinematic and gravitational time dilation, must instead be explained by a constant value for the speed c of light with respect to the gravitational potentials of predominant gravitational fields, resulting from the principles of minimum energy and energy conservation. On this basis,
it becomes possible to predict so-called general relativistic phenomena, e.g., the precession of Mercury’s perihelion or the phenomena observed in the binary pulsar PSR B1913 + 16, just by applying Kepler’s second law and simple quantum physical considerations. [R.
G. Ziefle, Phys. Essays 33, 99 (2020)].
Discontinuum physics leads to a table of realities for making predictions
Authors: Taylor Emory , Iyer Rajan
Published: December 2022

By following up on three papers that (1) were previously published, and (2) following Einstein's 1954 speculations, it is possible physics is based on a discontinuum theory, and the continuum concept along with space and time must be discarded, a table of realities is developed and
used for making predictions. These predictions include (1) discontinuum gravity is required to detail a gravitational collapse, which means (2) general relativity is falsified, and (3) there are discontinuum gravity blackholes, not general relativity blackholes, and (4) there are no general
relativity singularities.
Characterization of Zinc Oxide Semiconductor Thin Film Treated with Cold Plasma
Authors: Alzamili Khalid , Lafta Hamzah A.
Published: December 2022

In this study, the photovoltaic properties of zinc oxides are investigated. Different stoichiometries of zinc oxide can be made using vacuum deposition. Thermally evaporated zinc produces thin films of ZnO composed of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases that define the material's characteristics and performance. On-thermal plasma has removed a very thin layer from the surface of the thin film, known as non-thermal plasma, and made a surface cleanup. Measurements of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) show that the value of the granular volume rate increases when the duration of exposure to non-heat plasma increases. Measurements of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) show that there is an increase in thin film surface roughness values (Roughness, Sq), as well as the square root of the average roughness of the thin film surface (RMS), and this increase in roughness appears as the duration of exposure to non-thermal plasma increases.
Epidemiological trends of rabies and control strategy in China: A narrative review
Authors: Zhao Lixuan , Xia Yao , Kiesel André , Li Yifan , Liao Conghui , Lu Jianyun , Lu Jiahai
Published: December 2022

Rabies is widely prevalent worldwide, and China is among the countries most affected. To achieve the goal of zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030, dog management and immunization must be improved and comprehensive prevention and control measures must be adopted. We analyze the epidemiological profile of rabies in China in the past 30 years to clarify the origins of China's high prevalence, and propose a comprehensive rabies prevention and control concept based on “One Health” by drawing on successful international control efforts.
Fulminant Amebic Colitis
Authors: Khan Adil Aziz , Kumar R Naveen , Arora Sheetal , Ranga Sunil
Published: December 2022

Intestinal amebiasis remains asymptomatic in 90% of cases. Only 4%–10% of individuals monitored for 1 year develop colitis. Amebic colitis evolves to fulminant colitis or rupture in 0.5% of cases. In such scenario, mortality exceeds 50%. We report the case of a 55-year-old male who presented with signs of perforation and was taken up for surgery immediately. On histopathological examination, Entamoeba was diagnosed as the underlying cause of fulminant colitis.
Process of Economic Sanctions Success or Failure
Authors: Aghanouri Reza , Sahraii Hedayat
Published: December 2022

Background:

Economic sanction is a United Nations' pressure tool on a target government and civilians for changing strategic decisions about violating international norms of behavior, but many authors argue that in several cases, sanctions do not work. A nonpolitical and noneconomic study about economic sanction outcomes is scarce. In this study, we reviewed the related official documents, translated the sanction process by neuroscience language, and tried to recognize the type of stress process related to different outcomes in the target countries.

Methods:

We do this job in three phases: phase one is related to the literal review, phase two focuses on definition analysis according to neuroscience approaches, and phase three comes on neuroscientific target analysis. Defining stress process related to different outcomes by neuroscience is mentioned in the discussion based on using of other papers' data.

Results:

Stress act of sanctions As: Act
of
aggression, Threat, Keeping
enemy, Restriction, Pursuing, Blocking, Compression
to
force, and Loss
of
some
things are means that how could sanctions affect civilians and run the process of social pressure in the target entities.

Conclusion:

We concluded that sanctions are always threatening political tools and their effectiveness completely depends on the politicians view to threat proximity and the type of response to stresses of sanctions.
Streptomyces sp. Vitnk9 Derived Compound against Fish Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Nabila Mohammed Ishaque , Krishnan Kannabiran
Published: December 2022

Background:

The extensive research in the field of aquaculture is essential to combat the fish bacterial diseases causing massive economic loss to the aquaculture industry and these pathogens remains to be a threat to human well-being due to consumption of fish and fish products as a major food source.

Methods:

This study focuses on extraction and identification of the antibacterial compound produced by Streptomyces sp. VITNK9 against selected fish bacterial pathogens.

Results:

Bioactivity-guided extraction of ethyl acetate extract and purification results in isolation of the lead compound 1-(2-hydroperoxycyclopentyl)-4-hydroxytridecan-7-one (HCHD) from Streptomyces sp. VITNK9 having a chemical formula of C18H34O4 and a molecular weight of 314.46 g/mol. HCHD (100 μg/ml) demonstrated antibacterial activity with the inhibition zone of 19.33 ± 0.47 mm and the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) of 3.125 μg/ml toward Edwardsiella tarda and 16.66 ± 0.47 mm and the MIC value of 12.5 μg/ml against Aeromonas
hydrophila. In silico molecular docking studies showed the interaction of HCHD with the drug target enzyme acetate kinase of E. tarda and A.
hydrophila. It showed the least binding free energy of-6.5Kcal/mol and-6.1 Kcal/mol with acetate kinase of E. tarda and A.
hydrophila, respectively.

Conclusion:

The outcome of this study suggests that the inhibition of bacterial acetate kinase by the lead compound HCHD and thereby affects the bacterial metabolism. Streptomyces species are more promising source for isolating antibacterial secondary metabolites for controlling fish bacterial pathogens.
Yoga for children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Shanker Sindhu , Pradhan Balaram
Published: December 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) indicates a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder exhibiting distinct core characteristics of lifelong deficits in social communication and interaction along with restricted, repetitive behaviors. This developmental disorder impacts the achievement of developing milestones during childhood. Apart from the core features of autism, children with ASD display a range of behavioral disorders and physiological dysfunctions, creating a unique heterogeneity in their symptomatology. Conventional therapies are adopted to address such issues with specific treatments suited to the individual needs of children with ASD. As a therapeutic modality, yoga is also recognized as an alternative therapy that can help manage various symptoms of autism. A mind-body intervention yoga applies movement, breathing, and relaxation to nurture holistic well-being in children. This review describes the various studies on yoga as an effective intervention for children with ASD in managing the several aspects of autism. They were searched through Google Scholar and PubMed, and a total of 16 empirical studies were identified on yoga intervention on various behavioral and physiological aspects of autism in children. The current literature on the efficacy of yoga on children with ASD is limited. There is a need for further research for evidence-based studies to highlight yoga as a holistic modality in the management of ASD.
A review on the physiological and therapeutic effects of Śankhaprakṣhālana kriyā (yogic bowel cleansing)
Authors: Negi Jaydeep , Bhardwaj Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Sachin
Published: December 2022

Śankhaprakṣhālana (SP) kriyā is an integral component of ṣaṭkarmas (the six cleansing practices of Haṭha Yoga). It involves drinking lukewarm salt water in combination with dynamic yoga āsanas which leads to the cleansing of the entire alimentary canal. The objectives of this study are to systematically elucidate the practice of SP kriyā and to collate and review studies that highlight its immediate and long-term physiological and therapeutic effects. Keywords such as “shankha prakshalana, laghu shankha prakshalana, varisara dhauti, and yogic colon cleansing” were used for search in multiple research databases. A total of 12 studies with SP kriyā as the main intervention were included in this review. Eight studies have reported the immediate effects of SP. The practice of SP immediately benefits in primary hypertension and chronic low back pain. Clinical studies support its effective use as a colonoscopy preparation. There is no risk of electrolyte imbalance, blood pressure, and pulse rate changes in healthy individuals after SP. The technique of drinking saline along with dynamic āsanas plays a significant role in faster bowel cleansing. Other four studies have reported the long-term (1–2 months) effects of SP with variations in the frequency and duration of practice. SP is found beneficial in managing digestive issues such as constipation, migraine-associated abdominal discomfort, and irritable bowel syndrome. It is also an effective weight management practice for obese. Hence, the practice offers diverse health benefits. Further clinical trials are required to support the findings in clinical populations and to determine the effective frequency and total duration of the practice in the long term.
A global research trend in AUM meditation
Authors: Bhatt Medha , Vashisht Akshay , Verma Rupam , Gupta Anuradha , Rohit  , Arya Vedpriya
Published: December 2022

The scientific community has long been interested in mantras and meditation. However, very little study has been done on specific mantras such as AUM. The major goal of this bibliometric study is to aid AUM meditation research by finding all connected publications and subject coverage, as well as uncovering historical trends, active research domains, prominent journals, authors, organizations, and nations, as well as linkages between them. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria were used to search the Dimensions.ai database for AUM-related articles. VOS-viewer was utilized to reveal emergent trends and transitory patterns in the literature, as well as to demonstrate international collaboration, organizational coupling, and co-cited author networks. After a thorough screening and extensive article reading, fifty studies were chosen for the study. According to the findings, India produced the majority of data. More than half (62%) of the publications were in the field of “Medical and Health”, and about one-sixth (16%) were in “Psychology and Cognitive Sciences”. Based on Publications “The International Journal of Yoga” has the most publications (26.66%) and citations (40.87%). The strongest linkages are found in “Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan (952)”, “India (101)”, and “National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (192)”. This bibliometric analysis synthesized and illustrated 48 years of AUM meditation research, indicating key highlights, and rising trends. The findings of the study contribute to the creation of a platform for future research in the field of AUM meditation.
Entire downward solitons to the scalar curvature flow in Minkowski space
Authors: Bayard Pierre
Published: December 2022

We investigate existence and uniqueness in Minkowski space of entire downward translating
solitons with prescribed values at infinity, for a scalar curvature flow equation. The radial case
translates into an ordinary differential equation and the general case into a fully non-linear elliptic
PDE on

\mathbb{R}^n

.
On the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel–Renz invariants of the weak commutativity construction $\mathfrak{X}(G)$
Authors: Kochloukova Dessislava H.
Published: December 2022

For a finitely generated group

G

, we calculate the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel–Renz invariant

\Sigma^1(\mathfrak{X}(G))

for the weak commutativity construction

\mathfrak{X}(G)

. Identifying

S(\mathfrak{X}(G))

with

S(\mathfrak{X}(G) /\allowbreak W(G))

, we show

\Sigma^2(\mathfrak{X}(G),\mathbb{Z}) \subseteq \Sigma^2(\mathfrak{X}(G)/ W(G),\mathbb{Z})

and

\Sigma^2(\mathfrak{X}(G)) \subseteq \Sigma^2(\mathfrak{X}(G)/ W(G))

, that are equalities when

W(G)

is finitely generated, and we explicitly calculate

\Sigma^2(\mathfrak{X}(G)/ W(G),\mathbb{Z})

and

\Sigma^2(\mathfrak{X}(G)/ W(G))

in terms of the

\Sigma

-invariants of

G

. We calculate completely the

\Sigma

-invariants in dimensions 1 and 2 of the group

\nu(G)

and show that if

G

is finitely generated group with finitely presented commutator subgroup then the non-abelian tensor square

G \otimes G

is finitely presented.
Epiploic appendagitis : a case report
Authors: Randriamarolahy Anja Holinoro , Razafindrahova Patricia Alice , Hajamihamina Marina Parfaite , Rakotoniaina Andriamiaimbola Irène , Ahmad Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Epiploic appendagitis is a condition characterized by the ischemia and inflammation of the epiploic appendices of the colon that, can cause severe abdominal pain. It’s relatively rare. In the present article, we describe the clinical case of a 45- year-old man who was admitted with localized pain in the left iliac fossa. Physical examination revealed rebound tenderness. CT scan showed fat infiltration at the colosigmoid junction in the form of an ovoid fat imag surrounded by peripheral hyperdensity, suggestive of epiploic appendagitis. The evolution was favorable under medical treatment combining nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics.
Histomorphological and biochemical alterations on the liver of Wistar rats following co-administration of NSAIDs (Piroxicam, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen)
Authors: Umoh Idorenyin Udo , Umanah Samuel Joseph , Obot Glory Ibanga , Asukwo Mabel Offiong , Effiokette Godstreasure Mbakaraobong , Inam Akwa Iniubong
Published: December 2022

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an important therapeutic class of drugs widely used to suppress acute or chronic pains and  inflammatory diseases such as in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OS) etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the random combination and  individual effect of COX-2 inhibitors (NSAIDs) on the liver. This study was conducted using a total of 40 adults Wistar rats. The rats were divided into eight  groups of 5 rats each. Group one was the control group, group 2 was given piroxicam (0.29mg/kg) daily, group 3 was given ibuprofen (5.71mg/kg) daily,  and group 4 received diclofenac (1.42mg/kg) daily. Group 5 received piroxicam (0.29mg/kg bodyweight) plus ibuprofen (0.58mg/kg), group 6 received  piroxicam (0.29mg/kg) plus diclofenac (1.42mg/kg) and group 7 received ibuprofen (0.58mg/kg) plus diclofenac (1.42mg/kg) respectively daily. Group 8  was given Piroxicam (0.29mg/kg bodyweight) plus Ibuprofen (5.71mg/kg) plus diclofenac (1.42mg/kg) daily. Intervention was over a period of 3days.  Animals were sacrificed after 24 hours and the liver tissues were excised, some were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological studies while  others were placed in normal saline for biochemical analysis. The results revealed that there was no significant statistical difference in total bilirubin, ALT  and AST when compared to the control. This suggests that NSAIDs may have no significant effects on the liver for this regimen. Histological changes  observed were congested portal vein, haemorrhagic bile ducts, distortion of portal triad and sinusoids, and degeneration of hepatocytes. In conclusion,  NSAIDs may have harmful effect on the cytoarchitecture of the liver which can lead to liver damage especially when given in high doses and in  combination, but however it had no effect on liver function.
An unusual median nerve formation; A case report and literature review
Authors: Mohammed Abdelsalam Ahmed Abdelmotalab , Ali QM
Published: December 2022

The Median nerve anatomical variation is commonly encountered. During the dissection of about 65 years of formalin-fixed male cadaver at the  Department of Human Anatomy at National University Faculty of Medicine for undergraduate students in 2016-2017, the left upper limb showed that the  median nerve was formed by the union of the three roots. However, the third root arose from the musculocutaneous nerve inside the coracobrachialis  muscle, perforating the lower part of the muscle and joining the median nerve at the middle of the arm region. Knowledge of these variations is useful  clinically, especially when evaluating symptoms of upper limb trauma, and it is also useful when performing surgical approaches.
Effect of pretreatment on Typha biomass for biogas production
Authors: Mukhtar A.A. , Sadiq H.M. , Alhassan A.S. , Abdullahi H.I.
Published: December 2022

Plant biomass as an alternative energy source serves as a viable option for improving sustainable development and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the tight bonding within its constituents may hinder anaerobic digestion, thus, requires pretreatment to break down the complex polysaccharide structure into simpler disaccharide and monosaccharide sugars to facilitate digestion and enhance the production of biogas. The research determined the effect physical and chemical pre-treatment methods of Typha biomass for biogas production. Characteristics determined include; carbonnitrogen (C-N) ratio for Typha biomass, temperature, pH, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) of slurry formed by mixing the biomass with cow-dung in ratio 1:1. The volume of biogas produced was determined by water displacement method using an anaerobic digester while the mass balance approach was used to estimate the biogas yield from the TS/VS lost. Results indicated 31.6 C-N ratio; pH of 6.7; Temperature of 32.4OC and TS of 11.3%, which falls within suitable ranges reported for biogas production. The volume of biogas produced was 180 cm3, 235cm3 and 118cm3 for control, physical and chemical pre-treated samples respectively. Similarly, the biogas yield was 21mg/l, 15mg/l and 48mg/l for control, physical and chemical pre-treatment respectively. Hence the findings revealed physical pre-treatment as the best pretreatment method for biogas generation from Typha biomass in relation to chemical pretreatment and untreated Typha biomass.
Molecular detection of respiratory syncytial virus in children attending selected hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Umar N.B. , Dadah A.J. , Aliyu A.M.
Published: December 2022

A serological survey was carried out among children in two hospitals within Kaduna, Kaduna state to determine the level of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) IgM antibodies. Blood samples and nasal swabs of children aged 0-60 months were collected in two hospitals in Kaduna metropolis (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital and Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital), Kaduna state. Respiratory Syncytial Virus IgM antibody level was measured using commercial ELISA kit obtained from DEMEDITEC DIAGNOSTIC GMBH Germany. The overall prevalence of RSV out of 192 samples of both blood and nasal swab samples collected 56.1 % positive for all the samples from both hospitals. Barau Dikko positive samples recorded 26.0 % and Yusuf Dantsoho 30.0 % as shown in figure 1. More so, the distribution of RSV with regards to socio-demographic characteristics, males had a higher predominance 31.0 % than females 26.0 % but the result was not statistically significant (p value= 0.285). Infants under one month had the highest prevalence rate of 75 % while 31-61 months had the least prevalence rate of 11.0 %. The difference was statistically significant (p value= 0.001). Respiratory syncytial virus RSV-G gene was detected among IgM seropositive children using a molecular analysis. Conclusively, Polymerase chain reaction on agarose gel electrophoresis verified the molecular characteristics of the RSV-G gene, which showed a typical band size of 326bp.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and physiological stress among the female brick molders of West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Banibrata
Published: December 2022

Objective: Women play a significant role in the Indian economy and are regarded as the backbone of the brickfield industry where they face a variety of stressors that predispose them to increased risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders and physiological stress compared to a control group. Methods: The Nordic Modified Questionnaire (NMQ) was completed by 85 women brick molders to assess feelings of discomfort (pain) in different parts of the body. Furthermore, the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) posture analysis tool explored the risk of upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders (ULMSDs). Handgrip strength was also measured using a handgrip dynamometer, and cardiovascular stresses were assessed by measuring heart rate, blood pressure and lung function parameters. Results: The results of the study revealed that upper limb MSDs are a significant problem among women brick molders, primarily involving the hand (97.6%), shoulder (94.1%), wrist (72.9%) and fingers (56.5%). Subjective discomfort ratings among the brick molders indicated pain (96.5%), followed by tingling (90.6%), numbness (88.2%) and stiffness (61.2%) in their hands. The detailed analysis of the RULA score revealed that the upper arms, lower arms and wrists were high-risk areas for MSDs. Soon after completion of work, the participants experienced reductions in the hand-grip strength compared to the control group. Heart rate brick molders as higher in comparison to control group, just after the completion of work. However, there was no significant change in maximum Heart rate (HRmax) and Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) between the two groups, but significant associations were observed in net cardiac cost (NCC) and relative cardiac cost (RCC). Blood pressure measures were higher in the brick molders after work as well Conclusion: Women brick molders engaged continuously in highly repetitive hand-intensive jobs and suffered from discomfort in the upper extremities. The RULA posture analysis results indicated that the working posture of women brick molders were at high risk for MSDs, which requires changes immediately. Female brick molders also presented with reduced lung function values compared to the controls Findings of this study highlight the need for various ergonomic interventions that can be applied to improve the safety of the molders and workplace conditions of the brickfield during molding activities.