bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rationality as a Principle of Education for Peace and Freedom
Authors: Michalski Jarosław , Wolińska Monika , Bałandynowicz Andrzej
Published: September 2024

This article explores the role of rationality as a foundational principle in education aimed at fostering peace and freedom. Drawing on the philosophical insights of Immanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, the article discusses how rationality, understood as logical reasoning, ethical reflection, and principled decision-making, can shape individuals who contribute meaningfully to a harmonious and free society. The discussion highlights the differing approaches of Kant, who emphasizes individual autonomy and moral law, and Hegel, who focuses on communal integration and ethical life. The article also considers contemporary educational practices that embody these philosophical principles, suggesting practical applications for developing critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and social responsibility.
Inclusive Education in Times of Migration: Problems and Challenges
Authors: Wójcik Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

Inclusive education aims to include students with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream education, providing an alternative to integration education and special education in Poland. It includes the education of students with both positive and negative deviations with different characteristics, e.g. disabilities, adaptation difficulties, e.g. migrants. Parents play an important role in the educational process of this group and, therefore, the interaction of the school with the family of the students with SEN is indispensable.
The present paper addresses the problems and challenges of inclusive education in the age of migration, related to the interaction of the primary school with the family of the student with SEN, especially with the parents of students with the decisions about the need for special education. The research looked at the determinants of the interaction process such as the behavior of parents of students with SEN towards teachers. The results of the study showed the occurrence of negative behaviors that determine the course of the interaction process.
NPK fertilization in the productive capacity and fiber quality of Tangüis Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)
Authors: Hurtado Leo Lorenzo , Uri Moreno Giovanna
Published: September 2024

Peruvian cotton is recognized worldwide for its excellent quality, with the Tangüis and Pima varieties of long and extra-long fiber stand out as the ones with the best fiber quality and occupy the largest planting area. For this genetic potential to be expressed, adequate agronomic management is important, with fertilization being essential to achieving this objective; under this premise, a trial was installed in the Irrigation Research Unit of the Department of Soils of the Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina (UNALM) in the 2021-2022 campaign. Two commercial varieties of Tangüis cotton were evaluated; MASSARO and UNA N°1 and a new variety MOLINERO EXTRA LARGO, obtained from the cross of Tangüis and Pima, testing three levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization, 80:40:80, 120:60:120 and 160:80:160 kg NPK/ha, and an unfertilized control. The statistical design was complete randomized blocks in factorial arrangement, with twelve treatments and 4 replications. Each treatment was installed in an experimental unit of 3.4m2. This research was conducted in sandy loam soil, moderately saline, with low potential and basic fertility. The results show that NPK fertilization significantly affects the yield in the branch, fiber, number, and weight of the boll. The yield trend is linear, with a 46 % increase at 160:80:160 kg NPK/ha compared to the control. The response between varieties indicated that MOLINERO EXTRA LARGO had the highest yield of raw cotton (3589 kg.ha-1) and fiber (1200 kg.ha-1), different from UNA N°1 by 12 % and from MASSARO by 23 %. Regarding fiber quality, there was no significant response to fertilization. However, at the variety level, MOLINERO EXTRA LARGO produces the finest fiber, with a micronaire value of 4.2, the greatest uniformity (89.5 %), and the longest fiber length 39.8 mm, 6 % greater than UNA N° 1 and 19 % greater than MASSARO. Finally, UNA N°1 showed mean values in fiber quality between MOLINERO EXTRA LARGO and MASSARO, the latter is characterized by its higher resistance (33.6 g/tex) and lower fineness (5.3 micronaire).
Molecular Subtypes Based on Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress-related Gene Signature and Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration Characterization of Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cong Peijia , Xu Ruixue , Tan Ziru , Wu Xiaolin , Lian Haifeng , Li Dan
Published: September 2024

Background:

As the most common subtype of colorectal cancer, colorectal
adenocarcinoma (COAD) still needs better prognostic stratification methods and new intervention
targets. The mitochondrial stress response, linked to mitochondrial homeostasis
and cancer metabolism, warrants further investigation.

Methods:

We identified mitochondrial oxidative stress-related genes (MOS) associated
with COAD prognosis through the TCGA and GEO databases. Molecular subtype characteristics
were identified based on MOS gene signatures, and an MOS scoring system
was established to comprehensively evaluate its clinical value. Additionally, the effect
of one of the screened genes, NDRG1, was investigated through a series of in vitro experiments,
including Western blot, qRT-PCR, CCK8 assay, clone formation, and Transwell
assay, to explore its impact on COAD proliferation and migration ability.

Results:

Our analysis revealed that MOS gene signatures effectively distinguished
molecular subtypes of COAD, and the MOS scoring system was found to be independent
in predicting prognosis. Evaluation of microenvironment infiltration characteristics,
mutation characteristics, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity analysis further
suggested the potential clinical utility of this study. in vitro experimental results showed
that NDRG1 significantly affected the proliferation and migration of COAD cells, partially
verifying the reliability of our bioinformatics analysis.

Conclusion:

This study provides a novel perspective on the role of mitochondrial oxidative
stress in COAD, proposing innovative prognostic evaluation methods and potential
therapeutic targets, thus offering new directions for the clinical treatment of COAD.
Alendronate for Effective Treatment of Male Osteoporosis: An Insight
Authors: Al Lawati Hanan , Al Busaidi Sara , Al Rawahi Thuraiya , Al Lawati Abdullah , Kifah Ahmed , Das Srijit
Published: September 2024

Osteoporosis is a major global health problem. The increase in the incidence of osteoporosis in the
elderly poses a challenge to treat and also results in an economic burden for the nation. Osteoporosis has been
given more importance in females, and there is an urgent need to address this disease in males. Various drugs,
such as nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, RANK ligand inhibitors, parathormones, and alendronate, have
been used for effective treatment of osteoporosis. Alendronate (alendronic acid), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate
that inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts, was synthesized during the 1970s. In the present review,
we discuss the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, adverse effects, contraindications, and toxicity monitoring
of alendronate. The drug may be effectively used for the treatment of male osteoporosis in order to increase
bone mineral density and prevent fractures.
Identification and Verification of a Prognostic Risk Signature in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Rishou , Duan Junlin , Ye Yonglong , Xu Huan , Ding Yali , Liu Jun
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignant condition.
This study aimed to investigate the role of mTORC1 signaling and develop a prognostic
model for OSCC.

Materials and Methods:

The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was
utilized to calculate the Z-Score of Hallmarks in OSCC, followed by univariate Cox regression
analysis to identify processes associated with prognosis. Weighted gene co-expression network
analysis (WGCNA) was performed using transcriptomic data from the cancer genome atlas
(TCGA) cohort to identify genes correlated with mTORC1 signaling. A six-gene prognostic model
was constructed using multifactorial Cox regression analysis and validated using an external dataset.

Results:

The study uncovered a strong linkage between mTORC1, glycolysis, hypoxia, and the
prognosis of OSCC. mTORC1 signaling emerged as the most significant risk factor, negatively
impacting patient survival. Additionally, a six-gene prognostic risk score model was developed
which provided a quantitative measure of patients' survival probabilities. Interestingly, within the
context of these findings, TP53 gene mutations were predominantly observed in the high-risk
group, potentially underlining the genetic complexity of this patient subgroup. Additionally, differential
immune cell infiltration and an integrated nomogram were also reported.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the importance of mTORC1 signaling in OSCC prognosis and
presents a robust prognostic model for predicting patient outcomes.
Exploring 5-Benzylthiazolidine-2, 4-Dione Derivatives as Promising PPAR-gamma Agonists through Computational Methods
Authors: Gyampoh Solomon , Nabi Minnatullah , Arora Pinky , Kumar Shubham
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors
involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, making them potential targets
for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. 5-Benzylthiazolidine-2, 4-dione derivatives, organic
compounds with a thiazolidine-2, 4-dione core and a benzyl moiety at the 5-position, have garnered
attention for their diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer,
anti-diabetic, anti-tubercular, and anti-viral properties.

Methods:

This research aimed to identify 5-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as synthetic
PPAR-gamma agonists using computational methods, such as molecular docking and in silico
ADMET analysis. Virtual screening generated potential molecules, and molecular docking studies
using AutoDock Vina 1.5.6 were performed at the active site of the PPAR-gamma receptor
(PDBID: 4PRG).

Results:

Nine hits were identified based on their binding affinities and were further evaluated
using SwissADME for their ADME properties. These nine compounds demonstrated superior
ADME profiles and bioavailability compared to the standard drug Rosiglitazone.

Conclusion:

This study provides a comprehensive computational approach for discovering novel
PPAR-gamma receptor agonists, potentially advancing experimental diabetes research.
Lapatinib: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Colon Cancer Targeting Ferroptosis
Authors: Sun Yue , Wang Dan , Yuan Chen , Lang Xiujuan , Fu Songbo
Published: September 2024

Background:

Colon cancer poses a significant threat to the lives of several patients, impacting their
quality of life, thus necessitating its urgent treatment. Lapatinib, a new generation of targeted anti-tumor drugs for
clinical application, has yet to be studied for its molecular mechanisms in treating colon cancer.

Objectives:

This study aimed to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms through which lapatinib exerts its
therapeutic effects in colon cancer treatment.

Methods:

We accessed pertinent data on patients with colon cancer from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)
database and performed bioinformatics analysis to derive valuable insights. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay
was employed to assess whether lapatinib has a potential inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of HT-
29 cells. Additionally, we employed western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods to
investigate whether lapatinib regulates the expression of the ferroptosis-associated protein GPX4 in HT-29 cells.
Furthermore, we utilized specific assay kits to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and
malondialdehyde in HT-29 cells treated with lapatinib, aiming to elucidate the precise pattern of cell damage
induced by this compound.

Results:

GPX4 exhibited high expression levels in tissues from patients with colon cancer and was significantly
associated with patient prognosis and diagnosis. Lapatinib inhibited the growth and proliferation of the colon
cancer cell line HT-29. Additionally, lapatinib suppressed the expression of GPX4 in HT-29 cells, while the ferroptosis
inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) partially restored its expression. Lapatinib induced an increase in intracellular
ROS levels and malondialdehyde content in HT-29 cells, with Fer-1 partially restoring these levels.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrated that lapatinib could effectively suppress the mRNA and protein expression
of GPX4 in colon cancer cells, which elevates intracellular levels of ROS and malondialdehyde, ultimately
inducing ferroptosis in these cells. This mechanism underscores the potential of lapatinib as a therapeutic strategy
for targeting tumors.
Sleep-Related Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Arias-Carrion Oscar , Ortega-Robles Emmanuel , Ortuno-Sahagun Daniel , Ramirez-Bermudez Jesus , Hamid Aya , Shalash Ali
Published: September 2024

Background:

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is frequently associated with a spectrum of
sleep-related disorders, including insomnia, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), REM sleep
Behaviour Disorder (RBD), Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), and Sleep-related Breathing Disorders
(SBDs). These disorders significantly impact PD patients' Quality of Life (QoL) and present
unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Methods:

This review has explored the intricate relationship between PD and sleep-related disorders,
emphasizing their distinctive features and underlying neurobiological mechanisms. It aimed
to consolidate current knowledge to optimize clinical management and improve patient care. The
profound impact of these disorders on QoL has been evaluated, along with precise diagnostic
methodologies. Additionally, various therapeutic strategies, including pharmacological treatments,
nonpharmacological interventions, and device-aided therapies, have been examined.

Results:

Sleep-related disorders are prevalent among PD patients. Specifically, RBD exhibits a
prevalence of 40-50%, often preceding the onset of motor symptoms, indicating its potential as an
early marker of PD. Despite their significant impact on QoL, these non-motor symptoms are frequently
under-recognized and inadequately managed in clinical practice. Pharmacological treatments,
along with nonpharmacological interventions, like cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia
and lifestyle modifications, have shown varied efficacy. Device-aided therapies have also
demonstrated the potential to improve sleep-related disorders and overall non-motor symptom
burden.

Conclusion:

Effective management of sleep-related disorders in PD calls for personalized, comprehensive,
and multimodal therapeutic approaches. This requires the collaborative efforts of neurologists,
sleep specialists, psychiatrists, and other healthcare professionals. Future research
should focus on the intricate relationship between PD and sleep disorders, aiming to develop innovative
treatments and significantly improve patient outcomes.
Efektivitas Implementasi Strategi Non-Celebrity Endorsement Terhadap Market Share Dan Product Sales Pada Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah
Authors: Pratama Maman Sigit , Waluyowati Nur Prima
Published: September 2024

The increasing and developing technological advancement has created awareness among entrepreneurs to use its products. Micro, small, and medium-sized entrepreneurs in Malang City use such ease in information accesses and technological progress through social media for communication in their marketing activities. Further, Endorsement is one of the concepts in marketing strategy that is implemented through the utilization of social media. The objective of this research is to identify the effectiveness of non-celebrity Endorsement on the market share and product salesof micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Malang City. The data of this qualitative descriptive research was harvested from interviews, observations, and document studies. The research objects are micro, small, and medium-sized entrepreneurs in Malang City that use non-celebrity Endorsement as their marketing strategy. The analyses were performed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while the data validation was conducted through source triangulation and data triangulation. This study finds that non-celebrity Endorsement is effective in increasing the market share and product salesof micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Malang City.
 
Abstrak
Kemanjuan teknologi yang semakin pesat dan terus mengalami perkembangan memberikan kesadaran bagi para pelaku usaha untuk ikut memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi. Kemudahan akses informasi dari kemajuan teknologi dimanfaatkan oleh pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Malang dengan menggunakan media sosial sebagai alat komunikasi dalam kegiatan pemasaran. Endorsement merupakan konsep strategi pemasaran yang diimplementasikan melalui pemanfaatan media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetahui efektivitas dari implementasi Non-Celebirty Endorsement terhadap market share dan product salesdari Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dimana menggunakan data primer melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Objek penelitian ini adalah pelaku usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Malang yang menggunakan Non-Celebirty Endorsement sebagai strategi pemasaran. Tenik analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan serta keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa implemntasi Endorsement non-Celebriity efektif sebagai strategi pemasaran terhadap market share dan product salesdari Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Malang.
Engine of Innovation in Hospital Pharmacy: Applications and Reflections of ChatGPT
Authors: Li Xingang , Guo Heng , Li Dandan , Zheng Yingming
Published: September 2024

Hospital pharmacy plays an important role in ensuring medical care quality and safety, especially in the area of drug information retrieval, therapy guidance, and drug-drug interaction management. ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence language model that can generate natural-language texts. Here, we explored the applications and reflections of ChatGPT in hospital pharmacy, where it may enhance the quality and efficiency of pharmaceutical care. We also explored ChatGPT’s prospects in hospital pharmacy and discussed its working principle, diverse applications, and practical cases in daily operations and scientific research. Meanwhile, the challenges and limitations of ChatGPT, such as data privacy, ethical issues, bias and discrimination, and human oversight, are discussed. ChatGPT is a promising tool for hospital pharmacy, but it requires careful evaluation and validation before it can be integrated into clinical practice. Some suggestions for future research and development of ChatGPT in hospital pharmacy are provided.
Wastewater Surveillance Pilot at US Military Installations: Cost Model Analysis
Authors: Sanjak Jaleal S , McAuley Erin M , Raybern Justin , Pinkham Richard , Tarnowski Jacob , Miko Nicole , Rasmussen Bridgette , Manalo Christian J , Goodson Michael , Stamps Blake , Necciai Bryan , Sozhamannan Shanmuga , Maier Ezekiel J
Published: September 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for pathogen surveillance systems to augment both early warning and outbreak monitoring/control efforts. Community wastewater samples provide a rapid and accurate source of environmental surveillance data to complement direct patient sampling. Due to its global presence and critical missions, the US military is a leader in global pandemic preparedness efforts. Clinical testing for COVID-19 on US Air Force (USAF) bases (AFBs) was effective but costly with respect to direct monetary costs and indirect costs due to lost time. To remain operating at peak capacity, such bases sought a more passive surveillance option and piloted wastewater surveillance (WWS) at 17 AFBs to demonstrate feasibility, safety, utility, and cost-effectiveness from May 2021 to January 2022.

Objective

We model the costs of a wastewater program for pathogens of public health concern within the specific context of US military installations using assumptions based on the results of the USAF and Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense pilot program. The objective was to determine the cost of deploying WWS to all AFBs relative to clinical swab testing surveillance regimes.

Methods

A WWS cost projection model was built based on subject matter expert input and actual costs incurred during the WWS pilot program at USAF AFBs. Several SARS-CoV-2 circulation scenarios were considered, and the costs of both WWS and clinical swab testing were projected. Analysis was conducted to determine the break-even point and how a reduction in swab testing could unlock funds to enable WWS to occur in parallel.

Results

Our model confirmed that WWS is complementary and highly cost-effective when compared to existing alternative forms of biosurveillance. We found that the cost of WWS was between US $10.5-$18.5 million less expensive annually in direct costs as compared to clinical swab testing surveillance. When the indirect cost of lost work was incorporated, including lost work associated with required clinical swab testing, we estimated that over two-thirds of clinical swab testing could be maintained with no additional costs upon implementation of WWS.

Conclusions

Our results support the adoption of WWS across US military installations as part of a more comprehensive and early warning system that will enable adaptive monitoring during disease outbreaks in a more cost-effective manner than swab testing alone.
Establishing Medical Intelligence—Leveraging Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources to Improve Clinical Management: Retrospective Cohort and Clinical Implementation Study
Authors: Brehmer Alexander , Sauer Christopher Martin , Salazar Rodríguez Jayson , Herrmann Kelsey , Kim Moon , Keyl Julius , Bahnsen Fin Hendrik , Frank Benedikt , Köhrmann Martin , Rassaf Tienush , Mahabadi Amir-Abbas , Hadaschik Boris , Darr Christopher , Herrmann Ken , Tan Susanne , Buer Jan , Brenner Thorsten , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Nensa Felix , Gertz Michael , Egger Jan , Kleesiek Jens
Published: September 2024

Background

FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) has been proposed to enable health data interoperability. So far, its applicability has been demonstrated for selected research projects with limited data.

Objective

This study aimed to design and implement a conceptual medical intelligence framework to leverage real-world care data for clinical decision-making.

Methods

A Python package for the use of multimodal FHIR data (FHIRPACK [FHIR Python Analysis Conversion Kit]) was developed and pioneered in 5 real-world clinical use cases, that is, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, sepsis, and prostate cancer. Patients were identified based on the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) codes, and outcomes were derived from laboratory tests, prescriptions, procedures, and diagnostic reports. Results were provided as browser-based dashboards.

Results

For 2022, a total of 1,302,988 patient encounters were analyzed. (1) Myocardial infarction: in 72.7% (261/359) of cases, medication regimens fulfilled guideline recommendations. (2) Stroke: out of 1277 patients, 165 received thrombolysis and 108 thrombectomy. (3) Diabetes: in 443,866 serum glucose and 16,180 glycated hemoglobin A1c measurements from 35,494 unique patients, the prevalence of dysglycemic findings was 39% (13,887/35,494). Among those with dysglycemia, diagnosis was coded in 44.2% (6138/13,887) of the patients. (4) Sepsis: In 1803 patients, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the primarily isolated pathogen (773/2672, 28.9%) and piperacillin and tazobactam was the primarily prescribed antibiotic (593/1593, 37.2%). (5) PC: out of 54, three patients who received radical prostatectomy were identified as cases with prostate-specific antigen persistence or biochemical recurrence.

Conclusions

Leveraging FHIR data through large-scale analytics can enhance health care quality and improve patient outcomes across 5 clinical specialties. We identified (1) patients with sepsis requiring less broad antibiotic therapy, (2) patients with myocardial infarction who could benefit from statin and antiplatelet therapy, (3) patients who had a stroke with longer than recommended times to intervention, (4) patients with hyperglycemia who could benefit from specialist referral, and (5) patients with PC with early increases in cancer markers.
Explainable machine learning framework for dynamic monitoring of disease prognostic risk (Preprint)
Authors: Ishikawa Tetsuo , Shinoda Masahiro , Oya Megumi , Ashizaki Koichi , Ota Shinichiro , Kamachi Kenichi , Sakurada Kazuhiro , Kawakami Eiryo , Shinkai Masaharu
Published: September 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Patients’ conditions continue to change after the diagnosis, with each patient showing a different time course. Here, we propose a dynamic prognostic risk assessment framework based on longitudinal data during hospitalization, using coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as an example. We extracted electronic medical records of 382 COVID-19 cases treated at Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital between 27 January and 30 September 2020. Gradient boosting decision trees were used to predict the maximum clinical deterioration, including deaths, from the data at initial diagnosis. Random survival forests were then used to calculate a 7-day cumulative hazard function to dynamically assess the risk of mortality of patients on each day during hospitalization. SurvSHAP(t) was applied to provide a time-dependent explanation of the contribution of each variable to the prediction. The prediction at initial diagnosis agreed well with the actual severity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves = 0.717–0.970), but some cases showed discrepancies between actual and predicted prognosis. The dynamic mortality risk assessment during hospitalization could discriminate between deceased and surviving patients 1–2 weeks before the outcome. Early in hospitalization, C-reactive protein (CRP) was an important risk factor for mortality, while in the middle period peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) increased its importance and platelets and β-D-glucan were the main risk factors immediately before death. Dynamic risk assessment considering heterogeneous risk factors and time-to-event is useful for the early detection of patients who deteriorate rapidly after hospitalization. This framework provides healthcare professionals with the explainable real-time guidance for clinical decision-making during hospitalization.
Chatbot for the Return of Positive Genetic Screening Results for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: a Prompt Engineering Study (Preprint)
Authors: Coen Emma , Del Fiol Guilherme , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Borsato Emerson , Shannon Jackie , Stevens Smith Hadley , Masino Aaron , Allen Caitlin G.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The growing demand for genomic testing and limited access to experts necessitate innovative service models. While chatbots have shown promise in supporting genomic services like pre-test counseling, their use in returning positive genetic results, especially using the more recent large language models (LLMs) remains unexplored.

OBJECTIVE

This study reports the prompt engineering process and intrinsic evaluation of the LLM component of a chatbot designed to support returning positive population-wide genomic screening results.

METHODS

We used a three-step prompt engineering process, including Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and few-shot techniques to develop an open-response chatbot. This was then evaluated using two hypothetical scenarios, with experts rating its performance using a 5-point Likert scale across eight criteria: tone, clarity, program accuracy, domain accuracy, robustness, efficiency, boundaries, and usability.

RESULTS

The chatbot achieved an overall score of 3.88 out of 5 across all criteria and scenarios. The highest ratings were in Tone (4.25), Usability (4.25), and Boundary management (4.0), followed by Efficiency (3.88), Clarity and Robustness (3.81), and Domain Accuracy (3.63). The lowest-rated criterion was Program Accuracy, which scored 3.25.

CONCLUSIONS

The LLM handled open-ended queries and maintained boundaries, while the lower Program Accuracy rating indicates areas for improvement. Future work will focus on refining prompts, expanding evaluations, and exploring optimal hybrid chatbot designs that integrate LLM components with rule-based chatbot components to enhance genomic service delivery.
Applications of Natural Language Processing and Large Language Models for Social Determinants of Health: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Rajwal Swati , Zhang Ziyuan , Chen Yankai , Rogers Hannah , Sarker Abeed , Xiao Yunyu
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the intersection of natural language processing (NLP) and public health has opened innovative pathways for investigating social determinants of health (SDOH) in textual datasets. Despite the promise of NLP in the SDOH domain, the literature is dispersed across various disciplines, and there is a need to consolidate existing knowledge, identify knowledge gaps in the literature, and inform future research directions in this emerging field.

OBJECTIVE

This research protocol describes a systematic review to identify and highlight NLP techniques, including large language models, used for SDOH-related studies.

METHODS

A search strategy will be executed across PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, PsycINFO, HealthSource: Academic Nursing, and ACL Anthology to find studies published in English between 2014 and 2024. Three reviewers (SR, ZZ, and YC) will independently screen the studies to avoid voting bias, and two (AS and YX) additional reviewers will resolve any conflicts during the screening process. We will further screen studies that cited the included studies (forward search). Following the title abstract and full-text screening, the characteristics and main findings of the included studies and resources will be tabulated, visualized, and summarized.

RESULTS

The search strategy was formulated and run across the 7 databases in August 2024. We expect the results to be submitted for peer review publication in early 2025. As of December 2024, the title and abstract screening was underway.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive study of existing research on the application of NLP for various SDOH tasks across multiple textual datasets. By rigorously evaluating the methodologies, tools, and outcomes of eligible studies, the review will identify gaps in current knowledge and suggest directions for future research in the form of specific research questions. The findings will be instrumental in developing more effective NLP models for SDOH, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes and a better understanding of social determinants in diverse populations.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/66094
Exploring perception differences in AI medical chatbot trust: Comparison of Robot perception and human perception by PLS-MGA (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Yu Xintao , Liu Jingyu
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

AI-driven medical chatbots allow patients to seek consultations without the constraints of time and space. Despite the rapid advancements and, in some cases, superior performance of AI medical chatbots compared to human physicians in specific domains, user hesitation persists. Furthermore, AI medical chatbots are still relatively new to patients in China. Understanding how patients' perceptions (AI versus human physicians) influence the trust-building process is crucial for the broader adoption of this technology.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore how different perception (Robot and Human-like) of users build trust in AI medical chatbot. Moreover, this study examines the moderating role of privacy concern on trust in technology and trust in AI.

METHODS

PLS-MGA was adopted with data collected from 1547 participants, both online and offline, to examine the empirical results.

RESULTS

Perceived ease of use (β = .433, p < .001), privacy concern (β = .079, p = .006), and brand reputation (β = .264, p < .001) were positively associated with trust in technology and trust in brand. Trust in brand (β = .151, p < .001) positively influenced trust in technology, and trust in technology significantly predicted trust in AI across all dimensions: cognition (β = .20, p < .001), information (β = .19, p < .001), and behavior (β = .17, p < .001). Privacy concern moderated the relationship between trust in technology and trust in AI (β = .11, p = .001), information (β = .08, p < .001), and behavior (β = .09, p < .001). No significant differences were found for AI experience, health status, and perceived risk. However, the paths for perceived ease of use, trust in brand, and trust in technology (benevolence) were significantly stronger in the human group.

CONCLUSIONS

This study contributes both theoretically and practically by advancing the current understanding of the trust-building process in AI healthcare. It also examines the moderating effect of privacy concerns in the trust-building process within the AI healthcare context.
Vận dụng phương pháp học kết hợp để nâng cao hiệu quả học Kanji cho sinh viên chuyên ngành ngôn ngữ Nhật tại đại học FPT Cần Thơ
Authors: Nguyen Thi Phi , Nguyễn Ngọc Sơn Hải Vân , Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân , Vương Khánh Quỳnh
Published: September 2024

Hiện nay, nhiều phương pháp học Kanji đã được đề xuất và ứng dụng như học qua Flashcard, âm Hán - Việt, học các ký tự Kanji từ cơ bản đến phức tạp. Tuy nhiên, hiện trạng cho thấy người học tiếng Nhật đang gặp nhiều khó khăn, đặc biệt là về việc học Kanji. Nghiên cứu thực hiện trên 31 sinh viên ngành ngôn ngữ Nhật nhằm tìm ra phương pháp học hiệu quả và thú vị hơn. Một lớp học thực nghiệm được thực hiện bằng cách kết hợp các phương pháp học qua bộ thủ, sử dụng câu liên tưởng bằng nghĩa và âm Hán - Việt và viết đi viết lại nhiều lần. Kết quả cho thấy hơn 93% số lượng sinh viên cho rằng phương pháp học kết hợp này có hiệu quả, giúp cải thiện tình hình học Kanji và nhớ Kanji lâu hơn. Đặc biệt là năng lực viết Kanji của người học được cải thiện rõ rệt với 100% sinh viên đạt điểm 8 trở lên. Trong khi con số này chỉ đạt 39% đối với phương pháp học thông thường. Qua đó cho thấy, đây có thể là một phương pháp bổ trợ giúp sinh viên có thể học thêm để cải thiện việc học Kanji của mình.
Visual Grammar in Multimodal Discourse: A Comparison of British and Chinese Documentaries on Chinese Cuisine
Authors: Wang Lihua , Cao Jingxiang
Published: September 2024

This study, based on the Visual Grammar (VG), compares two Chinese cuisine documentaries: A Bite of China Ⅰ from CCTV and Exploring China: A Culinary Adventure from BBC. It analyses the visual modes employed in the construction of meaning in each documentary. And we analyze and compare the China’s national image presented in the two documentaries. The videos are annotated by ELAN 5.9. We found that (1) A Bite of China (CCTV) is inclined to adopt the conceptual process to construct the representational meaning while Exploring China (BBC) adopts the narrative process to construct the representational meaning. (2)In the construction of interactive meaning, both adopt offer images to realize contact with subtle differences in distribution. The distribution of close-up shots is similar. But A Bite of China (CCTV) has higher proportion of long shot and Exploring China (BBC) has higher proportion of medium shot. In the attitude dimension, both are similar in the horizontal perspective and vertical perspective with subtle differences in distribution. (3)In the construction of compositional meaning, the distribution of center-margin and left-right is similar. Both rarely adopts framing to construct the meaning in visual modes. (4) It is concluded that A Bite of China (CCTV) portrays China as colorful and profound, highlighting the hard-working, intelligent, and life-loving nature of Chinese people, while Exploring China focuses on social change. Despite some shared visual mode characteristics, the documentaries differ in their representational approaches and the representations of China’s national image.
Enhanced IRIS Authentication Model - A Gradual Feature Selection Reduction Approach Augmented with Soft Vote Ensemble
Authors: F.T Dr Ibharalu
Published: September 2024

The issues identified in primary studies showed the need for a reliable user authentication system and thereby constitute low performance metrics. This include the restriction of feature extraction to single image filter thereby returning relative feature vector size of biological traits returns sub-optimal models for a data mining-based authentication system. The aim of this study is to enhance the performance of existing models deploy SqueezeNet embedding for image feature extraction as well as the implementation of synthetic oversampling and employment of vote ensemble model to address the widespread problem of under-fitting and over-fitting observed in literatures. The study further implemented feature engineering technique of feature selection (through information gain and Relief-F) to enhance model performance by eliminating feature redundancy. The user authentication was actualized through Vote ensemble modelling of SMO, MLP, and the DT base learners. Results from the study showed a precision of 75.37%, an accuracy of 83.7%, F-Measure value of 0.781917211 and ROC AUC value of 0.833333333 indicating that the model has a good capability to differentiate between the positive and negative classes.
Designing Tomorrow\'s Observability: A Software Architect\'s Guide to Building Effective Monitoring Solutions
Authors: Garimilla Madhu
Published: September 2024

Abstract: This comprehensive article explores the evolving landscape of observability in software development, focusing on strategies for designing effective monitoring solutions. It delves into the three pillars of observability - logs, metrics, and traces - and their implementation in modern distributed systems. The paper discusses key performance indicators, tool selection, data collection methods, and best practices for implementing observability. Drawing on industry surveys, case studies, and research reports, it highlights the importance of aligning observability with business goals, automating processes, and continuously improving strategies. The article provides practical insights for software architects and engineers on building robust, scalable observability frameworks that can significantly enhance system reliability and performance.
Effect of Doses Compost and PGPR on the Growth and Yield of Pakcoy Plants (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Sari Dwi Ratna , Fuskhah Eny , Darmawati Adriani
Published: September 2024

Pakcoy is a viable horticultural plant. High consumer demand, but the national pakcoy production is still low. This study aimed to examine the effect of various compost doses and PGPR doses on the growth and yield of pakcoy plants. This study used a 5x4 factorial RAL with 3 replications. The first factor is compost dosage (K) consisting of K0 = 0 kgN/ha compost, K1 = 138 kgN/ha compost, K2 = 69 kgN/ha compost, and K3 = 138 kgN/ha compost, K4 = 207 kgN/ha compost. The second factor is the PGPR dose (P) consisting of P0 = 0 ml/l water, P1 = 5 ml/l water, P2 = 10 ml/l water, and P3 = 15 ml/l water. The results showed that offering compost as much as 207 kgN/ha increased the growth and yield of pakcoy plants compared to giving 138 kgN/ha of inorganic fertilizer. The increase in the PGPR dose that was applied 2 times at planting and 14 days after planting (DAT) of 200 ml did not significantly increase the growth and yield of pakcoy plants.
Pemanfaatan Teknik Smoke dan Sous Vide dalam Pengolahan Bebek Betutu
Authors: Wong Nicholas , Efendi Moch Nur
Published: September 2024

Dalam penelitian ini peneliti akan berinovasi membuat kuliner khas Bali yaitu betutu dengan teknik smoke dan sous vide. Betutu sendiri berasal dari kata, be artinya daging. Sedangkan kata tutu dari kata tunu, yang artinya dibakar atau dipanggang. Teknik pembuatan betutu adalah langsung ditunu atau dibakar di atas atau dipendam dalam api sekam dan ada pula dibeberapa tempat di Bali terlebih dahulu dimasak dengan air yang dilengkapi dengan bumbu jangkep, kemudian ditunu atau dibakar di atas bara api. Daging yang dipakai bahan yaitu daging ayam, baik ayam kampung maupun ayam petelur dan boiler serta bebek. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui storytelling dari bebek betutu, karakteristik serta minat beli dari bebek betutu dengan penggunaan teknik smoke dan teknik sous vide. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari pemanfaatan teknik smoke dan sous vide dalam pengolahan bebek betutu menghasilkan bebek betutu yang memiliki nilai lebih pada aspek tekstur, dimana bebek betutu lebih empuk dan juicy dibandingkan dengan bebek betutu tradisional. Efisiensi dan efektivitas meningkat jika menggunakan teknik smoke dan sous vide baik dari segi biaya produksi, waktu, dan hasil yang didapatkan. Potensi minat beli yang tinggi dikarenakan harga yang ditawarkan lebih murah dibandingan produk bebek betutu komersial lain. Nilai lebih tekstur bebek betutu yang dihasilkan juga meningkatkan minat beli terhadap produk penelitian.
 
In this research, researchers will innovate to create a typical Balinese culinary dish, namely betutu, using ¬smoke and sous vide. Betutu itself comes from the word, be, meaning meat. Meanwhile, the word tutu comes from the word tunu, which means burnt or roasted. The technique for making betutu is to directly cook it or burn it on or put it in a husk fire and in several places in Bali, it is first cooked in water with jangkep spices, then it is cooked or grilled over hot coals. The meat used is chicken meat, both free-range chickens and laying hens and boilers and ducks. The aim of this research is to find out the storytelling of the betutu duck, the characteristics and buying interest of the betutu duck using the smoke technique and sous vide technique. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used were interviews, observation and documentation. The results of using smoke and sous vide techniques in processing betutu duck produce betutu duck which has more value in the texture aspect, where betutu duck is more tender and juicy compared to traditional betutu duck. Efficiency and effectiveness increase when using smoke and sous vide techniques both in terms of production costs, time and results obtained. The potential for high buying interest is because the price offered is cheaper than other commercial betutu duck products. The added value of the betutu duck texture produced also increases purchasing interest in research products.
Intention of non-action: on performative structure of subjectivity
Authors: Dudenkova Irina
Published: September 2024

Article is devoted to ethical aspect of a performativity which usually remains beyond the scope of esthetic, political, linguistic aspects. In modern performance studies are usually combined the private and exact entered by Ostin definition of a performativity as the word making action, and widespread Marxist idea of the critical, changing the world theory potential. In article the main rate becomes on the heterodox reading of a performativity following criticism of violence of metaphysics of Levinas. If the theory is output from ethics, then the performativityt is thought as radical passivity of the theory. In that case, crucial importance for conceptual model of the subject is gained by not epistemological, but ethical measurement, namely ethics of a categorical imperative. The categorical imperative is arranged as a performatory contradiction between desire and a will, it fixes a situation of a gap, an akrasia, otherwise, of the decision. Two modern interpretations of value of a concept of the subject of the decision are given in article. One of them - positive, belongs Badiou, it is the subject of fidelity to an event. It will be coordinated with the subject of practical mind of Kant as it is supported by the pure and formal movement of will. However this model, according to Meillassoux, can be considered transitional as the exclusivity of the decision undermines a correlation circle. The criticism of the Philosophical Decision as distributions of transcendental and empirical functions, offered by Laruelle appears really fresh course. Non-philosophy thinks of itself as the only performatory theory because it registers this initial decision and refuses to go on a speculative circular way of philosophizing. The main problem connected with non - philosophy, consists that its performativity remains rather declarative, conditions of a solution of the problem of an akrasia, a gap between desirable and possible are not clear.
“Inference to the best explanation” as a methodology of social ontology
Authors: Shevchenko Valerii
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the problem of the naturalistic methodology of social ontology. Following Katherine Hawley's (2018) analysis, the author considers three approaches: conceptual analysis, the ameliorative (or normative) approach, and inference to the best explanation (from best social science to social ontology). Hawley concludes that only the first two can provide a viable naturalistic social metaphysics, and the latter cannot. The author, drawing on the notion of naturalistic limitations of social ontology, shows that only a conclusion to the best explanation can lead to a consistent realistic social ontology; this methodology avoids the problem of being rooted in concepts that do not have an empirical basis, which contradicts realism, and also does not imply normative prescription, which also contradicts the realistic description of the world. The problem critics attribute to inference to the best explanation - the lack of a predictively strong theoretical core of social theory from which to infer social ontology - can be resolved by satisfying three criteria (Turner, 2007): physical realizability, computability, and cognitive realism. The author proposes to implement them through the introduction of naturalistic restrictions into game theory. Formal models of coordination described by a correlated equilibrium - coupled with evolutionary explanations of the cognitive mechanisms responsible for the causal processes that make formally described coordination possible - may provide the desired theoretical core from which ontology can be derived.