bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnitude of Blood Pressure Change After Endovascular Therapy and Outcomes: Insight From the BP-TARGET Trial
Authors: Anadani Mohammad , Maïer Benjamin , Escalard Simon , Labreuche Julien , de Havenon Adam , Sabben Candice , Lapergue Bertrand , Gory Benjamin , Richard Sebastien , Sibon Igor , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Blanc Raphael , Piotin Michel , Mazighi Mikael , Redjem Hocine , Smajda Stanislas , Delvoye François , Hebert Solène , Obadia Michael , Obadia Alexandre , Raynouard Igor , Morvan Erwan , Boursin Perrine , Maacha Malek Ben , Consoli Arturo , Wang Adrien , Mione Gioia , Humbertjean Lisa , Bonnerot Matthieu , Lacour Jean-Christophe , Anxionnat René , Tonnelet Romain , Bracard Serge , Barreau Xavier , Marnat Gaultier , Berge Jérôme , Lucas Ludovic , Renou Pauline , Debruxelles Sabrina , Poli Mathilde , Sagnier Sharmila
Published: February 2022

Background and Purpose:

To assess the association between systolic blood pressure change (ΔSBP) at different time intervals after successful reperfusion with radiographic and clinical outcomes.

Methods:

This is a post hoc analysis of the BP-TARGET multicenter trial (Blood Pressure Target in Acute Stroke to Reduce Hemorrhage After Endovascular Therapy). ΔSBP was defined as end of procedure SBP minus mean SBP at different time intervals (15–60 minutes, 1–6 hours, and 6–24 hours postprocedure). The primary outcome was the poor functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale score 3–6).

Results:

We included a total of 267 patients (130 in the intensive treatment group). Compared with patients with favorable outcome, patients with poor outcome had lower ΔSBP (less SBP reduction) at all times intervals. After adjusting for potential confounders including baseline SBP, both ΔSBP
15
–60M
and ΔSBP
6
–24H
were associated with lower odds of poor outcome (adjusted odds ratio per 5 mm Hg SBP reduction, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.81–0.99], and adjusted odds ratio 0.82 [95% CI, 0.73–0.92], respectively). Concerning safety outcomes, patients with intraparenchymal hemorrhage had lower ΔSBP at all time intervals. ΔSBP
15
–60M
was associated with lower odds of any intraparenchymal hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio per 5 mm Hg SBP reduction 0.91 [95% CI, 0.83–0.99]). Conversely, ΔSBP was not associated with mortality or neurological deterioration at any time interval.

Conclusions:

After successful reperfusion, ΔSBP had a linear relationship with poor outcome and the risk of poor outcome was higher with less reduction from the baseline SBP.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03160677.
Intracranial Large Artery Stenosis and Past Infectious Exposures: Results From the NOMAS Cohort
Authors: Mehta Amol , Khasiyev Farid , Wright Clinton B. , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Gutierrez Jose
Published: February 2022

Background:

Intracranial large artery stenosis (ILAS) is an important contributor to ischemic stroke in the United States and worldwide. There is evidence to suggest that chronic exposure to certain infectious agents may also be associated with ILAS. We aimed to study this association further in an ethnically diverse, prospective, population-based sample of Northern Manhattan.

Methods:

We enrolled a random sample of stroke-free participants from an urban, racially, and ethnically diverse community in 1993. Participants have been followed prospectively and a subset underwent brain magnetic resonance angiograms from 2003 to 2008. Intracranial stenoses of the circle of Willis and vertebrobasilar arteries were scored as 0=no stenosis, 1≤50% (or luminal irregularities), 2=50% to 69%, 3≥70% stenosis, and 4=flow gap. We summed the individual score of each artery to produce a global ILAS score (possible range, 0–44). Past infectious exposure to
Chlamydia pneumoniae
,
Helicobacter pylori
, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 was determined using serum antibody titers.

Results:

Among 572 NOMAS (Northern Manhattan Study) participants (mean age 71.0±8.0 years, 60% women, 68% Hispanic) with available magnetic resonance angiogram and serological data, herpes simplex virus 2 (beta=0.051,
P
<0.001) and cytomegalovirus (beta=0.071,
P
<0.05) were associated with ILAS score after adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors. Stratifying by anterior and posterior circulations, herpes simplex virus 2 remained associated with the anterior circulation (beta=0.055
P
<0.01) but not with posterior circulation ILAS score.

Conclusions:

Chronic infectious exposures, specifically herpes simplex virus 2 and cytomegalovirus were associated with asymptomatic ILAS as seen on magnetic resonance angiogram imaging. This may represent an additional target of intervention in the ongoing effort to stem the substantial global burden of strokes related to ILAS.
Emergency Medical Service Time Intervals for Patients With Suspected Stroke in the United States
Authors: Cash Rebecca E. , Boggs Krislyn M. , Richards Christopher T. , Camargo Carlos A. , Zachrison Kori S.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Optimal care for patients with stroke relies on timely recognition and rapid transport to appropriate treatment, often by emergency medical services (EMS). Our primary objective was to describe EMS time intervals for patients with suspected stroke in the United States. We also sought to quantify the variation in EMS time intervals by geographic location and urbanicity.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of EMS 9-1-1 activations (ie, calls for service) included in the 2018 and 2019 National EMS Information System datasets. We included ground or air EMS activations for a 9-1-1 scene response where a patient aged ≥18 years with suspected stroke was treated and transported by EMS. Time intervals for dispatch, response, scene, transport, and total prehospital time (ie, from dispatch to hospital arrival) were calculated, stratified by ground and air transport type.

Results:

A total of 410 187 activations for suspected stroke were included, of which 98% were a ground transport. The median total prehospital time for ground transports was 35 minutes (interquartile range, 27–45, 90th percentile 58). Median total prehospital time for air transports was substantially longer at 56 minutes (interquartile range, 43–70, 90th percentile 86). Times varied by Census division and urbanicity with the shortest ground total prehospital times in the East North Central division and urban areas and longest times in the East South Central and rural and frontier areas.

Conclusions:

Timely EMS response and transport is critical for optimizing care of patients with suspected stroke. Using a large, national dataset of EMS activations, we found variations by geographic location and urbanicity in total prehospital time for ground and air EMS activations for patients with stroke.
Do Authentic People Care about the Environment? A View from Two Paradigms
Authors: Reznichenko Sofia I. , Nartova-Bochaver Sofya K. , Irkhin Boris D.
Published: February 2022

Background. Personal authenticity, the ability to be true to oneself, is traditionally studied from the perspective of its protective role for the individual and is only beginning to be studied in relation to the surrounding world. In this study, we suggest that authentic people may be more aware and concerned about their environment then less authentic people. The theoretical foundations for our work were: the person-centered approach; subject psychology; and modern research on pro-environmental behavior. Objective. We presented our understanding of personal authenticity within Russian subject psychology, developed the standardized instruments necessary for carrying out our main aim, and explored the links between authenticity and pro-environmental behavior in both person-centered and subject psychology. Design. Four hundred thirty (430) Russian students (Mage=19.19; SDage=1.22; 79.5% women) participated in the study. Authenticity was measured both by the revised Russian version of the Authenticity Scale, and a new tool, the Moscow Authenticity Scale, which was developed on the basis of subject psychology. To measure pro-environmental behavior, we created a new instrument called the Ecological Lifestyle Scale, which included Social Activities and Ecological Selfrestraint subscales. Results. Using the two new scales, the Moscow Authenticity Scale and the Ecological Lifestyle Scale, along with a modification of the Authenticity Scale, we found that authenticity, considered within the framework of subject psychology, provided a more nuanced picture of the relationship between personal authenticity and pro-environmental behavior than the person-centered model did. Women were more likely to exercise pro-environmental behavior than men; however, the connections between personal authenticity and pro-environmental behavior were stronger in the male group. Conclusion. Authenticity is associated with pro-environmental behavior but does not predict it accurately enough. Future research on moderating or mediating variables is suggested.
Review of Contributions to the Russian Child Well-Being Index: Focus on Subjective Well-Being Indicators
Authors: Archakova Tatyana O. , Garifulina Elvira
Published: February 2022

Background. In Russia, there is a demand for evaluation of children’s well-being, including subjective well-being, at the national and regional levels. To implement such an evaluation system, it is necessary to develop a Russian Child Well-Being Index (CWBI), which includes indicators of both objective and subjective wellbeing in several domains. One can rely on various national data sources that can be partially integrated into the CWBI, as well as the application of the UNICEF/ Innocenti methodology for children’s well-being evaluation and new developments by Russian research teams. Objective. To analyze the Russian experience in developing approaches to largescale and multidimensional evaluation of children’s well-being (with an emphasis on subjective well-being) and to provide recommendations for development of the national Children’s Well-Being Index (CWBI). Design. Scoping review of the methodology and results of the studies that can inform the Russian task force on CWBI development. Results. Like most international models of subjective well-being, a Russian CWBI will be based on various aspects of the socio-ecological approach. The structure of domains vary but is generally compatible with the UNICEF/Innocenti model. The tools used by Russian researchers have included standardized psychometric techniques (as an independent tool and as a control of various types of validity); questionnaires specially designed to operationalize certain domains of well-being; and qualitative methods applied to small samples of children, such as focus groups, and creative and play-based methods. Work on the development of the CWBI (including the subjective well-being indicators) has been most actively performed in relation to children in state care; therefore, many of the tools have been designed to address the particular characteristics of this target group. Conclusion. Recommendations for development of the national Children’s Well-Being Index (CWBI) are given, including both the index design and organizational/ethical considerations.
A Comparative Legal Analysis of Urban Climate Mitigation and Adaptation in the Building Sector in Brazil, Germany, and South Africa
Authors: Fuo Oliver , Zengerling Cathrin , Sotto Debora
Published: February 2022

This article aims to contribute to the growing body of urban climate-governance research from a comparative legal perspective. It analyses the climate-related mitigation and adaptation efforts in the building sector of three cities: Cape Town (South Africa), Hamburg (Germany), and São Paulo (Brazil). We examine national, state, and local laws and policies with a focus on building-related energy, water, and green infrastructure. The comparative analysis reveals similarities and differences in multilevel building-related laws and policies that partly enhance and partly limit cities’ climate-mitigation and adaptation efforts. The study also carves out synergies, conflicts, and key challenges in building-related climate mitigation and adaptation at the city level and suggests how identified shortcomings could be overcome.
Three Views of a Secret: Missed Opportunities in the echr’s Recent Case-Law on International Commercial Arbitration
Authors: Seatzu Francesco , Vargiu Paolo
Published: February 2022

The recent judgment of the European Court of Human Rights (“ECtHR”) in Beg v. Italy has addressed the question of the applicability of the right to a fair trial, as defined in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (“echr”), to arbitral proceedings. The judgment has clarified that the scope of Article 6 echr extends to international commercial arbitration. However, a number of questions remain unanswered, especially about the relationship between arbitral tribunals and domestic courts, the significance of fair trial in voluntary proceedings, whether a State is responsible to monitor the respect of due process in arbitral proceedings conducted within its territory and to what extent. Moreover, the ECtHR failed, notwithstanding its foray into the field of arbitration, to clarify the meaning of “impartiality” and “independence” as requirements to sit in arbitral tribunals within the context of Article 6 echr. This article provides an analysis of the judgment in Beg v. Italy and highlights, in light of the questionable approach taken by the ECtHR in the case, the uncertainty that affects the scope of application of Article 6 echr with regard to arbitral proceedings.
Timaviella dunensis sp. nov. from sand dunes of the Baltic Sea, Germany, and emendation of Timaviella edaphica (Elenkin) O.M. Vynogr. & Mikhailyuk (Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) based on an integrative approach
Authors: MIKHAILYUK TATIANA , VINOGRADOVA OKSANA , HOLZINGER ANDREAS , GLASER KARIN , AKIMOV YURI , KARSTEN ULF
Published: February 2022

Timaviella Sciuto & Moro is a recently established cryptic genus of cyanobacteria separated from the morphologically close Leptolyngbya due to clear differences in the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the 16S-23S ITS region secondary structure. Conducting research on biological soil crusts in coastal ecotopes of Ukraine and Germany, we repeatedly observed thin filamentous cyanobacteria morphologically corresponding to the common terrestrial species Leptolyngbya edaphica (Elenkin) Anagnostidis & Komárek. Molecular data  based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison of the original strains of the morphospecies indicated unambiguous assignment to  the genus Timaviella. Based on this finding, we proposed the new nomenclatural combination Timaviella edaphica (Elenkin) O.M. Vynogr. & Mikhailyuk in our previous publication. Deeper molecular study of the four original strains which were morphologically identified as T. edaphica based on the 16S rRNA gene concatenated with the 16S-23S ITS region and 16S-23S ITS secondary structure analysis showed that they are not identical. Three of them (isolated from biocrusts of Black Sea coast and forest path near Kyiv, Ukraine) had high similarity both in 16S rRNA (99.7–100%) and 16S-23S ITS (99.8–100%) hence actually representing T. edaphica. The strain Us-6-3 isolated from biocrusts on sand dunes of Usedom Island in the Baltic Sea, Germany, differs both from original strains of T. edaphica and all published Timaviella species in 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, as well as in sequence and structure of the 16S-23S ITS region. Here we describe Timaviella dunensis sp. nov. and give an expanded description of T. edaphica based on morphological and molecular features. A tabular review of Timaviella species with data on their phenotypic and genotypic features, ecology and distribution is included.
Porphyrosiphon annulatus sp. nov. (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria) isolated on moist soil in Suwon, Republic of Korea
Authors: KIM DO-HYUN , LEE NAM-JU , YOON SUNG-RO , KIM TAEHEE , KI JANG-SEU , LEE OK-MIN
Published: February 2022

Porphyrosiphon annulatus sp. nov. belonging to Microcoleaceae, Oscillatoriales was collected from the moist soil under the rock in the Gwanggyo Mountain of Suwon City, Gyeonggi Province, Korea and cultured. Using the raw and cultured samples of the collected strains, we observed their morphological features through LM and TEM. Furthermore, their 16S rRNA gene and 16S–23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were determined to be used phylogenetic analyses. We affirmed that thick sheath of the cells possessed transversely annular and longitudinal lamellations. The ultrastructure of thylakoids was a radial arrangement, which corresponds with a characteristic of the Microcoleaceae. In addition, P. annulatus displays the most similar morphology with type species P. notarisii; however, it differently holds the transversely annular lamellations with a shorter cell length and relatively dense trichome. Our 16S rRNA gene phylogeny showed that P. annulatus formed a clade with P. notarisii, and their DNA similarity was calculated to be 96.2%. The family Microcoleaceae was found to be paraphyletic with a distinct linage of the genus Porphyrosiphon. The ITS sequence of P. annulatus was unique in length and nucleotide composition, with different secondary structures of D1–D1ʹ and Box-B helices compared to those of close relatives. Overall, morphology and genetic traits of the Korean Porphyrosiphon suggest that P. annulatus should be considered to be a novel species.
Taxonomic changes and review of the genera Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiinae)
Authors: BARTSCH DANIEL , SÁFIÁN SZABOLCS
Published: February 2022

In this study, two genera of Afrotropical Sesiidae, Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev., are redefined and redescribed, the latter being resurrected from synonymy with the former as a valid genus. Both genera are confirmed to belong to the tribe Synanthedonini. The genera closest to Tipulamima are unknown. Macrotarsipodes is related to Macrotarsipus Hampson, [1893] from Southeast Asia and Lepidopoda Hampson, 1900 from Africa and Southeast Asia. The latter genus as well as Pedalonina are transferred to Synanthedonini. Uranothyris Meyrick, 1933 syn. nov. is regarded as a subjective junior synonym of Tipulamima. Checklists of the species assigned to Tipulamima and Macrotarsipodes are provided. One new species, Tipulamima hesperia sp. nov., from Guinea and Ghana and the previously unknown male of T. pterotarsa (Meyrick, 1933) comb. nov. (Uranothyris) are described and depicted. The following new combinations are introduced: Macrotarsipodes leptosceles (Bradley, 1968) comb. nov. (Synanthedon), M. pedunculata (Hampson, 1910) comb. nov. (Ichneumenoptera), M. sexualis (Hampson, 1910) comb. nov. (Macrotarsipus), M. tricinctus Le Cerf, 1916 comb. rev., Synanthedon malimba (Beutenmüller, 1899) comb. nov. (Sesia), Malgassesia ivondro (Viette, 1955) comb. nov. (Tipulamima), M. opalimargo (Le Cerf, 1913) comb. nov. (Sesia), Lepidopoda aericincta (Meyrick, 1928) comb. nov. (Aegeria), L. cyanospira (Meyrick, 1928) comb. nov. (Aegeria), L. dasysceles (Bradley, 1968) comb. nov. (Synanthedon), L. erythromma (Hampson, 1919) comb. nov. (Synanthedon), L. festiva (Beutenmüller, 1899) comb. nov. (Sesia), L. flavipalpis Hampson, 1910 comb. rev., L. nuba (Beutenmüller, 1899) comb. nov. (Sesia), L. rubripicta (Hampson, 1919) comb. nov. (Synanthedon), L. waterloti (Le Cerf, 1913) comb. nov. & stat. nov. (Macrotarsipodes), Episannina sylphina (Hampson, 1919) comb. nov. (Lepidopoda) (Synanthedonini), Chamanthedon auronitens (Le Cerf, 1913) comb. nov. (Sesia), Pyranthrene hypocalla (Le Cerf, 1937) comb. nov. (Tipulamima), P. nigriceps (Hampson, 1919) comb. nov. (Tipulamima) (Osminiini). Junior subjective synonyms are: Aegeria rubripalpis Meyrick, 1932 syn. nov. of L. rubripicta, Aegeria mercatrix Meyrick, 1931 syn. nov. of L. aericincta and Aegeria pyrostoma Meyrick, 1927 syn. rev. of L. erythromma. Lectotypes of Tipulamima haugi (Le Cerf, 1917), T. flammipes (Hampson, 1910) and Macrotarsipodes sexualis comb. nov. are designated. Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Lamiaceae) is reported as a host plant of Tipulamima for the first time. The larvae of three species of Macrotarsipodes and several species of Lepidopoda are known to be pests of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae).
Two new species of the genus Victoriopisa Karaman & Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) from mangrove communities of Vietnam with a review of previous records
Authors: MARIN IVAN N. , PALATOV DMITRY M.
Published: February 2022

Two new mud-dwelling amphipod species of the genus Victoriopisa Karaman & Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) are described from the mangrove habitats of the Cần Giớ Mangrove Biosphere Reserve and the estuary of the Be River, Vietnam. Both species are characterized by an anteroventral margin of the head being entire, the presence of eyes, the absence of deep excavation on propodus (palm) and well-marked excavation on dactylus of gnathopod 2, relatively long and slender distal segment of uropod 3. The combination of these features clearly separate the newly discovered species from Victoriopisa ovata (Dang & Le, 2005) described from Hải Phòng, North Vietnam, and other congeneric species. Victoriopisa nhatrangensis sp. nov. from the mouth of the Bé River (Nha Trang) can be clearly separated from Victoriopisa cangio sp. nov. from the Cần Giớ Mangrove Biosphere Reserve by the absence of a tuft of setae on the distodorsal margin of article 2 of antenna 1, not anteriorly expanded distoventral margin of propodus (palm) of gnathopod 2, different shape and armature epimeral plates and telson, proportion and armature of uropods 2–3. The article also discusses the previous records of the genus Victoriopisa from the coastal waters of Vietnam, and as the result Victoriopisa chilkensis (Chilton, 1921) and Eriopisa elongata (Bruzelius, 1859) are excluded from the fauna of Vietnam.
Tarsonemid mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on myrtaceous plants of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, with description of a new species of Tarsonemus Canestrini & Fanzago
Authors: DEMITE PETERSON R. , CAVALCANTE ANA C. C. , LOFEGO ANTONIO C. , RODRIGUES RICARDO R. , MORAES GILBERTO J. DE
Published: February 2022

A survey of tarsonemid mites associated with plants of the family Myrtaceae was conducted in seven areas of the Atlantic Forest biome. Fourteen known species were registered; other 21 morphospecies was identified up to genus level. Additionally, a new species, Tarsonemus conduru Lofego & Cavalcante sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected in the Atlantic Forest of Bahia state.
Recombination Rate and Internal Field Efficiency of Staggered InGaN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes with Left and Right Steps
Authors: Kim Bonghwan , Hong Woo-Pyo , Kim Jong-Jae , Park Seoung-Hwan
Published: February 2022

In this study, the recombination rate and internal field efficiency of staggered InGaN/GaN quantum well lightemitting diodes with left and right steps were investigated using the multiband effective mass theory. The left step quantum well structure shows a larger optical matrix element
than that of the right step quantum well structure. In addition, the heavy-hole effective mass around the uppermost valence band for the left step quantum well structure is slightly larger than that for the right step quantum well structure. Consequently, the staggered left step quantum well
structure shows a much larger radiative recombination rate and internal quantum efficiency than that of the right step structure.
Effect of Sn on Microstructures and Transformation Temperatures of (TiZrHf)50Ni25Co10Cu14 Multi-Component High Entropy Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Rehman Izaz Ur , Li Shuanglei , Nam Tae-Hyun
Published: February 2022

Multi-component (TiZrHf)50Ni24.5Co10Cu14.5Sn1, (TiZrHf)50Ni24Co10Cu14Sn2, and (TiZrHf)50Ni23.5Co10Cu13.5Sn3 high entropy
shape memory alloys (HESMAs) were prepared in this study, and the microstructures, transformation temperatures (TTs), and superelasticity were investigated through scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis in the tensile mode, respectively.
The microstructure of the solution-treated TiZrHfNiCoCuSn HESMA specimens consisted of the matrix, (TiZrHf)2(NiCoCuSn)-type and (TiZrHf)5(NiCoCuSn)3-type second phases. The TTs of the solution-treated specimens increased with the addition of a 1 at.% of Sn
content and then decreased with an additional increase in the Sn content. The (TiZrHf)50Ni24Co10Cu14Sn2 HESMAs exhibited clear superelasticity, and their total recovery strain was 2.2%.
Simple and Scalable Synthesis of Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Cathodes for Li/s Batteries
Authors: Kim Huihun , Sadan Milan K. , Kim Changhyeon , Jeon Minyeong , Kim Ki-Won , Cho Kwon-Koo , Ahn Jou-Hyeon , Ahn Hyo-Jun
Published: February 2022

Li/S battery has high potential for large scale batteries due to their high theoretical energy density. For high practical energy density of Li/S batteries, a method for synthesizing a new electrode structure should be developed. We demonstrate the development of low-cost Li/S batteries
via the simple synthesis of sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (S-PAN) using a glass casting and heating method. The optimum conditions for electrode synthesis were determined using various precursor ratios. Structural characterization of the S-PAN electrodes was performed through scanning electron
microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and elemental analysis. At the molecular scale, the S-PAN particles are connected to each other through π-conjugated structures. Furthermore, the electrodes possess high internal porosity, which improves the Li+ ion mobility through enhanced
electrolyte uptake. The S-PAN electrodes synthesized using an S:PAN ratio of 5:1 exhibited the best practical capacity after 30 cycles (327 mAh g−1-electrode, 1065 mAh g−1-S). Significantly, the impressive capacity and cyclability of the S-PAN cathode are
achieved without using a binder or conducting agents. Therefore, glass-cast S-PAN represents a simple, low-cost approach for synthesizing Li/S batteries with improved capacity.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Directed miRNA-34b-RNA-Binding Proteins T Cell to Restrict Intracellular Antigen-1-Stress Granules (TIA-1-SG) in Breast Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Yang Yiming , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Yang , Dai Hao , Shen Jianglun , Hu Fen , Cai Haifeng , Yan Jinyin
Published: February 2022

miRNA-34b-T cell restricted intracellular antigen-1-stress granules (miRNA-34b-TIA-1-SG) superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were studied in this project and their directional function will provide a new carrier for improving directional improvement of interventional therapeutic
drugs for breast cancer. We explored its therapeutic effect on breast cancer treatment through the following groups; Group I: blank control group (injected with 0.9% normal saline 0.5 mL to the tail vein), Group II: miRNA-34b-TIA-1-SG group (superparamagnetic iron oxide miRNA-34b-TIA-1-SG
nanoparticles given by tail vein injection), Group III: superparamagnetic iron oxide-oriented miRNA-34b-TIA-1-SG group (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles given by tail vein injection). In vitro experiment involved the following methods: MTT, flow cytometry and colony formation
experiment, all used to evaluate biological processes of tumor cells after tail vein injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide directed miRNA-34b-TIA-1-SG. In vivo experiments involved the following: tumor xenotransplantation experiment, used to observe the effect of tail vein injection
of superparamagnetic iron oxide-oriented miRNA-34b-TIA-1-SG on the treatment effect of breast cancer. Both In vivo experiments and In vitro experiments in MDA-MB-231 cells confirmed that superparamagnetic iron oxide-oriented miRNA-34b-TIA-1-SG nanoparticles effectively inhibited
breast cancer cells proliferation and colony formation, and also promoted cell apoptosis. Promotion of cell apoptosis is one of the main ways to treat breast cancer, as appearance of stress granules inhibits cell apoptosis, so regulating stress granules to promote the apoptosis of breast cancer
cells is an important treatment strategy. TIA-1 is an essential component of stress granules, and miRNA-34b was significantly down-regulated in breast cancer cells. Therefore, the hypothesis that miRNA-34b-TIA-1-SG signal axis regulates cell apoptosis and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation
is herein proposed. We constructed the miRNA-34b reporter gene system, and our study showed that the superparamagnetic iron oxide oriented miRNA-34b-TIA-1-SG nanoparticles may be used as a development direction for breast cancer treatment, which may provide a new and highly effective molecular-oriented
drug.
Application of Porous Tantalum in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Yang Guofu
Published: February 2022

Biomaterials were used in the repair and treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH), which has made a high clinical and social value for preserving the patient’s own hip joint function. Among them, the porous tantalum (pTa) rod support technology is a minimally invasive
surgical treatment for ANFH that has been applied in recent years. In this study, a pTa rod combined with vascularized iliac bone flap transplantation was used to treat ANFH. In vitro studies have shown, pTa rod implants are very close to natural bone tissue in structure and physiological
and mechanical properties, and have good tissue compatibility and safety. Clinical studies have found that the combination of pTa rod and vascularized iliac bone flap transplantation can improve the hip joint function of patients with ANFH in the middle and late stages, and effectively prevent
the exacerbation of necrosis, providing a new treatment for hip-preserving treatment of patients with ANFH method.
Dermlin and Silver Nanoparticles Combined Antibacterial Dressing for Skin Wound Repair
Authors: Hao Zhenming , Yang Hua , Meng Yanbin
Published: February 2022

As an important immune organ of the human body, skin can resist external damage. Wounds are damage to normal skin (tissue) caused by external injury factors such as external forces, surgical operations, chemical substances, etc., which seriously affect the daily life of patients. Conventional
debridement and bandaging treatment of skin wounds takes a long time, so frequent dressing changes are difficult to manage. In this study, we treated patients in our hospital with Dermlin combined with nano-silver medical antibacterial dressing (nano-silver-MAD) to explore the skin wound repair
effect. The results showed that the effectiveness rate of the observation (obs) group effectiveness 95.12% higher than control (con) group 82.93%. In comparison with the con group, the obs group presented a lower visual analog (VAS) pain score during wound treatment. In comparison to the con
group, the obs group presented a higher vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor levels at 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment. The total positive rate of bacteria in obs group was 9.76% lower than 26.83% in con group. It was proven that Dermlin combined with nano-silver-MAD
is effectively relieves pain, promotes recovery, and reduces inflammation.
Simultaneous Degradation of p-Nitrophenol and Recovery of Copper from Wastewater in Electrochemical Reactor Under High Salinity
Authors: Tan Xin , Zheng Zhijie , Peng Bo , Wu Xiaogang , Huang Xiangyang , Chen Xiaofei
Published: February 2022

Ti/RuO2–IrO2electrode was used in this study as an anode, while titanium plate (Ti) was used as a cathode for electrochemical oxidation process, to explore the influences of related parameters on degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) and removal of Cu2+from mixed simulated wastewater. Using a single chamber reactor, we tested the influence of various factors on the PNP degradation and Cu2+elimination. The factors that were tested are as follow; the type of electrolyte, density of the current, various values of pH and different concentrations of Cu2+. Furthermore, a dual-chamber diaphragm reactor compartmentalized by cationic membrane was utilized to explore the removal mechanism of PNP and Cu2+. Results showed that, treatment of PNP-Cu2+simulated wastewater, with NaCl as electrolyte, had a better effect compared with Na2SO4, which had characteristics such as shorter reaction time and higher degradation efficiency for PNP. Removal of Cu2+had no obvious advantage over Na2SO4. The degradation of PNP and removal of Cu2+were improved with increased current density when the rang was increased from 10 to 40 mA/cm2. Cu2+concentration when increased initially promoted the degradation of PNP. At the same time, Cu2+acted as electron acceptor at the cathode that slowed down the consumption of H+through reduced combination of H+with electrons. The degradation rate of PNP decreased with increased initial pH, but the Cu2+was opposite. In this experiment, the degradation of PNP was positively correlated with indirect oxidation of active chlorine, and the Cu2+was removed by cathodic electrodeposition.
Preparation of Nanomolecular Probe and Its Effect on the Degradation of Amyloid β-Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zong Yi , Xiao Wenbo , Wang Bo , Zhu Guoping , Chen Jin
Published: February 2022

Nanomaterials have been increasingly applied in the clinical treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The targeting characteristics of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) was adopted in this study, and
a targeted nanomaterial probe was employed to treat AD. The objective of this study was mainly to take nanomaterials as nanomolecular probe solution, so as to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ or depolymerize the amyloid plaques of Aβ, thereby exploring its effect on Aβ
degradation in AD and its mechanism of action. The synthetic polydopamine (PDA), COOG0-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-NH2 (amino), coated ferric oxide (Fe3O4) core–shell structured nanoparticles (PDA@Fe3O4) were applied to prepare of
nanomolecular probes in this study. AD mice from the observation group were injected with nanomolecular probes, and the changes of the indicators were observed at different times after injection. While treating mice from the observation group, blank AD mice were set as the control group, so
as to observe the experimental effects. The results showed that the cell viability of mice from the observation group increased to 81% after treatment with nanomolecular probes, and the toxicity of Aβ polymer to cells was obviously improved. Besides, the fluorescence intensity
of AD mice injected with nanomolecular probes for 36 hours reached the highest value of 7,300, which was gradually completely metabolized. In short, the nanomolecular probes could effectively degrade Aβ and improve the symptoms of AD to a certain extent.
Preparation of Goal-Oriented Nano-Liquid and Its Effect of Paravertebral Nerve Block in Hemodynamics of Patients with Thoracotomy
Authors: Liu Hui , Xiong Lihong , Xu Xiaoqing , Feng Tengchen , Wang Yimiao , Gao Yan , Wang Li , Teng Jinliang
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the application value of paravertebral nerve block (PVB) based on goaloriented nano-liquid in patients undergoing thoracotomy. In this study, ordinary starch granules were applied to prepare starch nano-spheres by reverse phase suspension cross-linking
polymerization. Then, there is an analysis on the influence of pH value, stirring speed, and reaction time on the particle size and swelling degree of starch nano-spheres. The infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and laser particle size were employed to analyze
the particle size, characterization, and structure of starch and nanostarch microspheres in turn. 102 patients with lung cancer undergoing elective thoracotomy were selected as the research objects and rolled into a PVB group (group A) and a goal-oriented nano-liquid combined PVB (group B).
The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output index (CI), and cardiac output (CO) changes of patients from the two groups were observed at each time point. The changes of VAS scores for pain in patients from the two groups were analyzed at quietness
and cough at the 3rd hour and 6th hour after surgery, as well as the incidence of postoperative complications. The results showed that when pH = 9, rotation speed was 1,000 rpm/min, and reaction time was 1 hour, the particle size of starch nano-particles was the smallest (260.74±8.78
nm), which were spherical, and the vibration absorption peak of glycosidic bond C–O–C was about 1,000 cm−1. Moreover, there were obvious diffraction peaks at 15°, 17°, and 24°. At T1, T2, and T4, the MAP value of patients from group A was dramatically
higher than the value of group B (P < 0.05), and the HR value of patients in group A was also greatly higher than that of group B at T3, T2, and T1 (P < 0.05). The VAS scores of patients from group A at quietness and cough at the 6th hour after surgery increased greatly
in contrast to the scores of group B (P < 0.05). In addition, the proportion of patients in group A with postoperative complications of hypertension, chills, restlessness, and delayed recovery was markedly higher than that of group B (P < 0.05). It indicated that the goal-oriented
nano-starch liquid combined with PVB had little influence on the hemodynamics of patients undergoing thoracotomy, and the postoperative VAS scores and complications were reduced.
Polyvinyl Alcohol Derived Silver Nanosheets as Nano Catalyst for Fast Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye
Authors: Pirzada Ashfaque Hussain , Ali Shah Syed Farman , Sirjuddin  , Sangah Ali Asghar , Mugheri Abdul Qayoom , Mahmoud Mohamed H. , Tashish Waddah Mouhamad , Akhtar M. Shaheer
Published: February 2022

This paper demonstrates a rapid, facile, and cost-effective protocol for the synthesis of highly stable and small silver nanosheets (AgNSHs) through the reducing and capping ability of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in aqueous medium. Characterization of PVA-AgNPs was performed via ultra-violet
visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). UV-Vis spectrometry exhibits that AgNSHs have a plasmon resonance band at 400 nm. SEM study showed that Ag was transformed into petal like NSHs
with average thickness of 12 nm while XRD displays the face centered cubic (FCC) structures for AgNSHs under the polymer matrix. The FTIR spectral study proves the interaction of AgNSHs with oxidized PVA in –O-Ag form. The NSHs were stable for a period of more than two months. Synthesized
PVA-AgNSHs were used as catalysts for degradation of methyl orange (MO) in standard solutions as well as industrial wastewater. The catalytic efficiency of Nano catalysts was more than 95% within very short time interval. The kinetics of catalytic activity of PVA-AgNSHs for MO dye degradation
is unique and faster than other reports for dye degradation and therefore very beneficial for practical application is specific areas.
Abiotic Degradation of Imidacloprid Pesticide with L-Threonine Capped Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Jamali Asif Ali , Solangi Amber R. , Memon Najma , Nizamani Shafi M. , Khaskheli Abid Ali , Hussain Masood , Mahmoud Mohamed H. , Fouad Hassan , Akhtar M. S.
Published: February 2022

Present study demonstrates the fabrication of L-threonine protected nickel nano particles (L-threonine–Ni NPs) and their application for the reduction of toxic imidacloprid pesticides in the presence of NaBH4. The synthesized nano particles were further characterized
by atomic force microscopy (AFM), FT-IR, and HR-TEM. A quick and efficient method was developed for the decrease of imidacloprid into presence of synthesized nickel nanoparticles. Reduction was carried out at ambient conditions and catalyst was found to be highly effective incomplete reduction
of imidacloprid within 90 s. Results also confirm the successful recovery and reusability of Ni NPs without deterioration in its performance after first application cycle. Kinetic study showed that the reduction of pesticide into presence of nickel nanoparticles initially follows pseudo-second
order and then pseudo-first order at higher concentrations.
Study on Microstructure Refinement Mechanism in Deeply Supercooled Solidification of Ni-25at.%Cu Alloys
Authors: Hailong Liang , Ruiqin Li , Hongfu Wang , En An Hong
Published: February 2022

Maximum undercooling degrees were obtained by glass purification and superheating. Rapid solidification in an undercooled alloy was systematically studied. As the undercooling increases, the solidification front appears randomly. The microstructure undergoes a transformation from coarse
dendrite grains to granular grains to oriented dendrite to equiaxed crystal. The results show two grain refinement under high and low undercooling. No high strength textures are found under high undercooling conditions, and many grain boundaries of high angle nature are observed, which confirms
recrystallization. In the TEM characterization of high undercooling, high density dislocation strain indicates that accumulated stress in the rapid solidification process induces microstructure plastic strain and promotes recrystallization. The results show that the grain boundary of refined
grain is coarser at low undercooling, but narrower at high undercooling. Twins and subgrains observed at large undercooling indicate that the grain refinement mechanisms are very different.
Bad government performance and citizens’ perceptions: A quasi-experimental study of local fiscal crisis
Authors: Shinohara Shugo
Published: February 2022

The link between actual government performance and citizens’ performance perceptions has been controversial. Given the prevalence of negativity bias, however, the link between bad performance and citizens’ perceptions could appear to be strong. To explore this theoretically unconfirmed link, this study uses a quasi-experiment that contrasts a Japanese town in fiscal crisis, involving tax increases and service cuts, with a control village not in fiscal crisis. Using a difference-in-differences analysis with a careful retrospective pretest, it finds negative effects of the fiscal crisis on citizens’ process perception, while it shows no effects on citizens’ service satisfaction and trust in the mayor, council, and administrators. The study further finds positive associations between citizens’ performance perceptions and civic engagement. It discusses these findings to identify the boundary conditions in which a bad performance–negative perception link is likely to appear.

Points for practitioners Psychology literature on negativity bias suggests that the causal links and mechanisms between bad performance and negative perceptions are stronger than those between good performance and positive perceptions. Not only citizens, but also politicians and administrators, hold negativity bias. Their blame-avoidance strategies could alleviate the growth of citizens’ negative perceptions with bad performance. Participatory governance might moderate the bad performance–negative perception link by placing citizens in a performance-improvement process and promoting their interaction with government officials.
Restoring social and ecological relationships in the agroecosystems of Canada's prairie region
Authors: Thiessen Martens Joanne
Published: February 2022

Ecosystem restoration is proposed as one aspect of the transformative changes required to meet global sustainability goals. In the prairie region of Canada, where the widespread and relatively recent conversion of natural ecosystems to farmland displaced Indigenous peoples and made way for a thriving agricultural sector, I propose that ecosystem restoration requires two intertwined transition processes: reorienting worldviews to embrace the social and biophysical contexts of local ecosystems, and taking practical steps to restore ecosystem functioning and integrity. Attention to ecosystem functioning—the relational processes that undergird the desired outcomes—can promote the design and implementation of agricultural landscapes that mimic key features of natural ecosystems while maintaining a mix of land uses. Human ingenuity and thoughtful integration of traditional and scientific knowledge are needed to develop locally adapted land use that supports synergetic relationships within and among farm fields and other landscape features. Integrating social goals into the design of agricultural landscapes can spawn creative solutions but will require a shift toward a more open and collaborative approach, especially regarding the use of privately owned lands.
Evaluating xanthochromia in the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage in Scotland in the Era of modern computed tomography
Authors: Rankin Stephen , McGuire Jacqueline , Chekroud Mohamed , Alakandy Likhith , Mukhopadhyay Babu
Published: February 2022

Aim

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for xanthochromia is routinely used to exclude subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of xanthochromia (by NEQAS-spectrophotometry) in routine clinical practice in three acute hospitals, in patients with suspected SAH. We explored whether including CSF red cell count (RCC) with xanthochromia improved diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

In this retrospective analysis, all xanthochromia results were assessed over three consecutive years. Clinical information and Registry data were analysed to find all patients diagnosed with SAH. We correlated xanthochromia data with clinical and radiological findings.

Results

There were 1761 xanthochromia performed. Of these, 26 (1.5%) were positive, 1624 (92%) negative and 72 (4.1%) were inconclusive. Of the 26 tests that were positive, 9 (35%) had confirmed SAH, 17 (65%) were falsely positive, with no false negative tests in our series. Xanthochromia identified 6% of all SAH diagnosed in the study. Incorporating RCC <1000 with xanthochromia, reducing false positive tests by 38% and inconclusive test by 85%.

Conclusion

The positive yield of xanthochromia is low but identified 6% of SAH. NEQAS-spectrophotometry is an excellent diagnostic method with 100% sensitivity, 99% specificity. Incorporating RCC markedly reduces false positive and inconclusive tests reducing need for further imaging.
The effect of food prescription programs on chronic disease management in primarily low-income populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Haslam Alyson , Gill Jennifer , Taniguchi Tori , Love Charlotte , Jernigan Valarie Bluebird
Published: February 2022

Background: Having low-income limits one's ability to purchase foods that are high in nutritional value (e.g. vegetables and fruits (V/F)). Higher V/F intake is associated with less diet-related chronic disease. Food pharmacy programs are potential solutions to providing V/F to low-income populations with or at-risk for chronic disease. Aim: This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of food pharmacy programs, including interventions targeting populations at-risk for chronic disease. Methods: We searched Pubmed and Google Scholar databases for studies reporting on food pharmacy interventions and outcomes (hemoglobin A1c, body mass index (BMI), V/F intake, and blood pressure). We calculated pooled mean differences using a random-effects model. Seventeen studies met our inclusion criteria; 13 studies used a pre/post study design, three used a randomized controlled trial, and one was a post-survey only. Results: We found that the pooled mean daily servings of V/F (0.77; 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.24) was higher and BMI (−0.40; 95% CI: −0.50 to −0.31) was lower with food pharmacy interventions We did not find any differences in the pooled mean differences for hemoglobin A1c or systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Findings posit that food pharmacy programs delivered to primarily low-income individuals with comorbidities may be a promising solution to improving V/F intake and possibly overall diet in these populations.