bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Work-Life for Information Work on Mars
Authors: Linder Rhema , Hunter Chase , McLemore Jacob , Dutta Senjuti , Akbar Fatema , Grover Ted , Breideband Thomas , Borghouts Judith W. , Lu Yuwen , Mark Gloria , Henley Austin Z. , Williams Alex C.
Published: January 2022

We present a design fiction, which is set in the near future as significant Mars habitation begins. Our goal in creating this fiction is to address current work-life issues on Earth and Mars in the future. With shelter-in-place measures, established norms of productivity and relaxation have been shaken. The fiction creates an opportunity to explore boundaries between work and life, which are changing with shelter-in-place and will continue to change. Our work includes two primary artifacts: (1) a propaganda recruitment poster and (2) a fictional narrative account. The former paints the work-life on Mars as heroic, fulfilling, and fun. The latter provides a contrast that depicts the lived experience of early Mars inhabitants. Our statement draws from our design fiction in order to reflect on the structure of work, stress identification and management, family and work-family communication, and the role of automation.
Physecology: A Conceptual Framework to Describe Data Physicalizations in their Real-World Context
Authors: Sauvé Kim , Sturdee Miriam , Houben Steven
Published: January 2022

The standard definition for “physicalizations” is
“a physical artifact whose geometry or material properties encode data”
 [
47
]. While this working definition provides the fundamental groundwork for conceptualizing physicalization, in practice many physicalization systems go beyond the scope of this definition as they consist of distributed physical and digital elements that involve complex interaction mechanisms. In this article, we examine how “physicalization” is part of a broader ecology—the “physecology”—with properties that go beyond the scope of the working definition. Through analyzing 60 representative physicalization papers, we derived six design dimensions of a physecology: (i) represented data type, (ii) way of information communication, (iii) interaction mechanisms, (iv) spatial input–output coupling, (v) physical setup, and (vi) audiences involved. Our contribution is the extension of the definition of physicalization to the broader concept of “physecology,” to provide conceptual clarity on the design of physicalizations for future work.
A Survey on Spatio-temporal Data Analytics Systems
Authors: Alam Md Mahbub , Torgo Luis , Bifet Albert
Published: January 2022

Due to the surge of spatio-temporal data volume, the popularity of location-based services and applications, and the importance of extracted knowledge from spatio-temporal data to solve a wide range of real-world problems, a plethora of research and development work has been done in the area of spatial and spatio-temporal data analytics in the past decade. The main goal of existing works was to develop algorithms and technologies to capture, store, manage, analyze, and visualize spatial or spatio-temporal data. The researchers have contributed either by adding spatio-temporal support with existing systems, by developing a new system from scratch, or by implementing algorithms for processing spatio-temporal data. The existing ecosystem of spatial and spatio-temporal data analytics systems can be categorized into three groups, (1) spatial databases (SQL and NoSQL), (2) big spatial data processing infrastructures, and (3) programming languages and GIS software. Since existing surveys mostly investigated infrastructures for processing big spatial data, this survey has explored the whole ecosystem of spatial and spatio-temporal analytics. This survey also portrays the importance and future of spatial and spatio-temporal data analytics.
Deriving the Wug-Shaped Curve: A Criterion for Assessing Formal Theories of Linguistic Variation
Authors: Hayes Bruce
Published: January 2022

In this review, I assess a variety of constraint-based formal frameworks that can treat variable phenomena, such as well-formedness intuitions, outputs in free variation, and lexical frequency-matching. The idea behind this assessment is that data in gradient linguistics fall into natural mathematical patterns, which I call quantitative signatures. The key signatures treated here are the sigmoid curve, going from zero to one probability, and the wug-shaped curve, which combines two or more sigmoids. I argue that these signatures appear repeatedly in linguistics, and I adduce examples from phonology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, phonetics, and language change. I suggest that the ability to generate these signatures is a trait that can help us choose between rival frameworks.
Music and Language
Authors: Temperley David
Published: January 2022

This review presents a highly selective survey of connections between music and language. I begin by considering some fundamental differences between music and language and some nonspecific similarities that may arise out of more general characteristics of human cognition and communication. I then discuss an important, specific interaction between music and language: the connection between linguistic stress and musical meter. Next, I consider several possible connections that have been widely studied but remain controversial: cross-cultural correlations between linguistic and musical rhythm, effects of musical training on linguistic abilities, and connections in cognitive processing between music and linguistic syntax. Finally, I discuss some parallels regarding the use of repetition in music and language, which until now has been a little-explored topic.
Strategies for Improving Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance by Optimizing Electrode Conditions
Authors: Hu Chuan , Wang Ho Hyun , Park Jong Hyeong , Kim Hae Min , Chen Nanjun , Lee Young Moo
Published: January 2022

We systematically study anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) based on poly(aryl-co-aryl piperidinium) (c-PAP) copolymers and provide a scalable scenario for high-performance AEMFCs, covering the optimization of the relative humidity (RH), catalyst species, catalyst interfaces, and hydrophobic treatment. Specifically, high-water-permeable c-PAP ionomers in the presence of moderate relative humidity (RH) (75%/100%) can be used to address anode flooding and cathode dry-out issues. The composition of the catalyst layer and the anode hydrophobic treatment significantly impact the power density of AEMFCs. c-PAP-based AEMFCs with optimum catalyst composition achieve a peak power density (PPD) of 2.70 W cm−2 at 80 °C in H2-O2 after hydrophobic treatment. Pt1Co1/C cathode-based AEMFCs reach a PPD of 1.80 W cm−2 along with an outstanding specific power of 13.87 W mg−1. Moreover, these AEMFCs can be operated under a 0.2 A cm−2 current density at 60 °C for over 300 h with a voltage decay rate of ∼300 μv h−1.
How do Depth of Discharge, C-rate and Calendar Age Affect Capacity Retention, Impedance Growth, the Electrodes, and the Electrolyte in Li-Ion Cells?
Authors: Gauthier Roby , Luscombe Aidan , Bond Toby , Bauer Michael , Johnson Michel , Harlow Jessie , Louli Alex , Dahn Jeff R
Published: January 2022

Lithium-ion cells testing under different state of charge ranges, C-rates and cycling temperature have different degrees of lithium inventory loss, impedance growth and active mass loss. Here, a large matrix of polycrystalline NMC622/natural graphite Li-ion pouch cells were tested with seven different state of charge ranges (0-25, 0-50, 0-75, 0-100, 75-100, 50-100 and 25-100%), three different C-rates and at two temperatures. First, capacity fade was compared to a model developed by Deshpande and Bernardi. Second, after 2.5 years of cycling, detailed analysis by dV/dQ analysis, lithium-ion differential thermal analysis, volume expansion by Archimedes’ principle, electrode stack growth, ultrasonic transmissivity and x-ray computed tomography were undertaken. These measurements enabled us to develop a complete picture of cell aging for these cells. This then led to an empirical predictive model for cell capacity loss versus SOC range and calendar age. Although these particular cells exhibited substantial positive electrode active mass loss, this did not play a role in capacity retention because the cells were anode limited during full discharge under all the tests carried out here. However, the positive electrode mass loss was strongly coupled to positive electrode swelling and electrolyte “unwetting” that would eventually cause dramatic failure.
Exploring the Limits of the Rapid-Charging Performance of Graphite as the Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Wei , Welty Connor , Peterson Margaret R. , Read Jeffrey A. , Stadie Nicholas P.
Published: January 2022

Graphite is, in principle, applicable as a high-power anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) given its high intralayer lithium diffusivity at room temperature. However, such cells are known to exhibit poor capacity retention and/or undergo irreversible side reactions including lithium plating when charged at current rates above ∼2 C (∼740 mA g−1). To explore the inherent materials properties that limit graphite anodes in rapid-charge applications, a series of full-cells consisting of graphite as the anode and a standard Li[Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1]O2 (NMC811) cathode was investigated. Instead of a conventional cathode-limited cell design, an anode-limited approach was used in this work to ensure that the overall cell capacity is only determined by the graphite electrode of interest. The optimized N:P capacity ratio was determined as N/P = 0.67, enabling stable cycling across a wide range of charging rates (4–20 C) without inhibition by the NMC811 cathode. The results show that unmodified, highly crystalline graphite can be an excellent anode for rapid-charge applications at up to 8 C, even with a standard electrolyte and NMC811 cathode and in cells with 1.0 mAh cm−2 loadings. As a rule, capacity and specific energy are inversely proportional to crystallite size at high rates; performance can likely be improved by electrolyte/cathode tuning.
Extended Function Analysis of Urban Planning and Design Based on Automatic Extraction Algorithm of Closed Area Boundary
Authors: Mi Xifeng
Published: January 2022

With the continuous development of social economy, the expansion of cities often leads to the disorderly utilization of land resources and even waste. In view of these limitations and requirements, this paper introduces the automatic extraction algorithm of closed area boundary, combs the requirements of urban boundary extraction involved in urban planning and design, and uses the technology of geospatial analysis to carry out spatial analysis practice from three angles, so as to realize the expansion of functional analysis of urban planning and design and improve the efficiency and rationality of urban planning. The simulation results show that the automatic extraction algorithm of closed area boundary is effective and can support the functional analysis of urban planning and design expansion.
Remote English Teaching Resource Sharing Based on Internet O2O Model
Authors: Hou ZuoXun
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the problems of low success rate, delay, and high communication cost in distance English teaching resource sharing, this paper puts forward a method of distance English teaching resource sharing based on Internet O2O mode. Based on the model of distance English teaching resource sharing, this paper designs four processes: query, reply, resource substitution, and resource sharing optimization. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve high success rate of resource sharing, low latency, communication cost, and high transmission efficiency. Therefore, it is an effective method.
Bike-Sharing Fleet Allocation Optimization Based on Demand Gap and Cycle Rebalancing Strategies
Authors: Cao Jianhua , Xu Weixiang , Wang Wenzheng
Published: January 2022

In Bike-Sharing System (BSS), the initial number of bikes at station will affect the time interval and the amount of rebalancing, which is usually empirically determined and does not reflect the characteristics of consumer demand in finer time granularity, thus possibly leading to biased conclusions. In this paper, a fleet allocation method considering demand gap is first proposed to calculate the initial number of bikes at each station. Then, taking the number of demand gap periods as the decision variable, an optimization model is built to minimize the total rebalancing amount. Furthermore, the research periods are divided into multiple subcycles, the single-cycle and multicycle rebalancing strategies are presented, and the additional subcycle rebalancing method is introduced to amend the number of bikes between subcycles to decrease the rebalancing amount of the next subcycle. Finally, our methods are verified in effectively decreasing the rebalancing amount in a long-term rebalancing problem.
Multiscale Deep Network with Centerness-Aware Loss for Salient Object Detection
Authors: Duan Liangliang
Published: January 2022

Deep encoder-decoder networks have been adopted for saliency detection and achieved state-of-the-art performance. However, most existing saliency models usually fail to detect very small salient objects. In this paper, we propose a multitask architecture, M2Net, and a novel centerness-aware loss for salient object detection. The proposed M2Net aims to solve saliency prediction and centerness prediction simultaneously. Specifically, the network architecture is composed of a bottom-up encoder module, top-down decoder module, and centerness prediction module. In addition, different from binary cross entropy, the proposed centerness-aware loss can guide the proposed M2Net to uniformly highlight the entire salient regions with well-defined object boundaries. Experimental results on five benchmark saliency datasets demonstrate that M2Net outperforms state-of-the-art methods on different evaluation metrics.
Containing Misinformation Spread: A Collaborative Resource Allocation Strategy for Knowledge Popularization and Expert Education
Authors: Li Linhong , Huang Kaifan , Yang Xiaofan
Published: January 2022

With the prevalence of online social networks, the potential threat of misinformation has greatly enhanced. Therefore, it is significant to study how to effectively control the spread of misinformation. Publishing the truth to the public is the most effective approach to controlling the spread of misinformation. Knowledge popularization and expert education are two complementary ways to achieve that. It has been proven that if these two ways can be combined to speed up the release of the truth, the impact caused by the spread of misinformation will be dramatically reduced. However, how to reasonably allocate resources to these two ways so as to achieve a better result at a lower cost is still an open challenge. This paper provides a theoretical guidance for designing an effective collaborative resource allocation strategy. First, a novel individual-level misinformation spread model is proposed. It well characterizes the collaborative effect of the two truth-publishing ways on the containment of misinformation spread. On this basis, the expected cost of an arbitrary collaborative strategy is evaluated. Second, an optimal control problem is formulated to find effective strategies, with the expected cost as the performance index function and with the misinformation spread model as the constraint. Third, in order to solve the optimal control problem, an optimality system that specifies the necessary conditions of an optimal solution is derived. By solving the optimality system, a candidate optimal solution can be obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained candidate optimal solution is verified by a series of numerical experiments.
Application of Image Mosaic Technology in Tai Chi Animation Creation
Authors: Pang Yajun
Published: January 2022

Panorama can reflect the image seen at any angle of view at a certain point of view. How to improve the quality of panorama stitching and use it as a data foundation in the “smart tourism” system has become a research hotspot in recent years. Image stitching means to use the overlapping area between the images to be stitched for registration and fusion to generate a new image with a wider viewing angle. This article takes the production of “Tai Chi” animation as an example to apply image stitching technology to the production of realistic 3D model textures to simplify the production of animation textures. A handheld camera is used to collect images in a certain overlapping area. After cylindrical projection, the Harris algorithm based on scale space is adopted to detect image feature points, the two-way normalized cross-correlation algorithm matches the feature points, and the algorithm to extract the threshold T iteratively removes mismatches. The transformation parameter model is quickly estimated through the improved RANSAC algorithm, and the spliced image is projected and transformed. The Szeliski grayscale fusion method directly calculates the grayscale average of the matching points to fuse the image, and finally, the best stitching method is used to eliminate the ghosting at the image mosaic. Data experiments based on Matlab show that the proposed image splicing technology has the advantages of high efficiency and clear spliced images and a more satisfactory panoramic image visual effect can be achieved.
Controlled Hemorrhage Sensitizes Angiotensin II-Elicited Hypertension through Activation of the Brain Renin-Angiotensin System Independently of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Wu Guo-Biao , Du Hui-Bo , Zhai Jia-Yi , Sun Si , Cui Jun-Ling , Zhang Yang , Zhao Zhen-Ao , Wu Jian-Liang , Johnson Alan Kim , Xue Baojian , Zhao Zi-Gang , Zhang Geng-Shen
Published: January 2022

Hemorrhagic shock is associated with activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Previous studies demonstrated that central RAS activation produced by various challenges sensitizes angiotensin (Ang) II-elicited hypertension and that ERS contributes to the development of neurogenic hypertension. The present study investigated whether controlled hemorrhage could sensitize Ang II-elicited hypertension and whether the brain RAS and ERS mediate this sensitization. Results showed that hemorrhaged (HEM) rats had a significantly enhanced hypertensive response to a slow-pressor infusion of Ang II when compared to sham HEM rats. Treatment with either angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 1 inhibitor, captopril, or ACE2 activator, diminazene, abolished the HEM-induced sensitization of hypertension. Treatment with the ERS agonist, tunicamycin, in sham HEM rats also sensitized Ang II-elicited hypertension. However, blockade of ERS with 4-phenylbutyric acid in HEM rats did not alter HEM-elicited sensitization of hypertension. Either HEM or ERS activation produced a greater reduction in BP after ganglionic blockade, upregulated mRNA and protein expression of ACE1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and elevated plasma levels of Ang II but reduced mRNA expression of the Ang-(1-7) receptor, Mas-R, and did not alter plasma levels of Ang-(1-7). Treatment with captopril or diminazene, but not phenylbutyric acid, reversed these changes. No treatments had effects on PVN protein expression of the ERS marker glucose-regulated protein 78. The results indicate that controlled hemorrhage sensitizes Ang II-elicited hypertension by augmenting RAS prohypertensive actions and reducing RAS antihypertensive effects in the brain, which is independent of ERS mechanism.
Cracking Driving Force at the Tip of SCC under Heterogeneous Material Mechanics Model of Safe-End Dissimilar Metal-Welded Joints in PWR
Authors: Sun Yuman , Xue He , Zhao Kuan , Zhang Yubiao , Zhao Youjun , Yan Weiming , Bashir Rehmat
Published: January 2022

The complicated driving force at the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tip of the safe-end dissimilar metal-welded joints (DMWJs) in the pressurized water reactor (PWR) is mainly caused by the heterogeneous material mechanical properties. In this research, to accurately evaluate the crack driving force at the SCC in DMWJs, the stress-strain condition, stress triaxiality, and J-integral of the crack tip at different positions are analyzed based on the heterogeneous material properties model. The results indicate that the larger driving force will be provided for the I-type crack when the crack is in the SA508 zone and the interface between the 316L region and base metal. In addition, the heterogeneous material properties inhibit the J-integral of the crack in the 316L region, which has a promoting effect when the crack is in the SA508 zone and weld metal. It provides a new idea for analyzing driving force at the crack tip and safety evaluation of DMWJs in PWRs.
Review of the Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Effects, Pharmacokinetics, and Quality Control of Boswellia carterii
Authors: Huang Kai , Chen Yanrong , Liang Kaiyong , Xu Xiaoyan , Jiang Jing , Liu Menghua , Zhou Fenghua
Published: January 2022

Objective. This review aimed to systematically summarize studies that investigated the bioactivities of compounds and extracts from Boswellia. Methods. A literature review on the pharmacological properties and phytochemicals of B. carterii was performed. The information was retrieved from secondary databases such as PubMed, Chemical Abstracts Services (SciFinder), Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Results. The various Boswellia extracts and compounds demonstrated pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumour, and antioxidant activities. B. carterii exhibited a positive effect on the treatment and prevention of many ageing diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion. Here, we highlight the pharmacological properties and phytochemicals of B. carterii and propose further evidence-based research on plant-derived remedies and compounds.
A Low-Cost and Ultralight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne Multicamera Imaging System Based on Smartphones
Authors: Yang Huachao , Bian Hefang , Li Bin , Bi Weihua , Zhao Xingtao
Published: January 2022

Newly developed oblique photogrammetry (OP) techniques based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multicamera imaging systems are widely used in many fields. Smartphones cost less than the cameras commonly used in the existing UAV OP system, providing high-resolution images from a built-in imaging sensor. In this paper, we design and implement a novel low-cost and ultralight UAV OP system based on smartphones. Firstly, five digital cameras and their accessories detached from the smartphones are then fitted into a very small device to synchronously shoot images at five different perspective angles. An independent automatic capture control system is also developed to realize this function. The proposed smartphone-based multicamera imaging system is then mounted on a modified version of an existing lightweight UAV platform to form a UAV OP system. Three typical application examples are then considered to evaluate the performance of this system through practical experiments. Our results indicate that both horizontal and vertical location accuracy of the generated 3D models in all three test applications achieve centimeter-level accuracy with respect to different ground sampling distances (GSDs) of 1.2 cm, 2.3 cm, and 3.1 cm. The accuracy of the two types of vector maps derived from the corresponding 3D models also meet the requirements set by the surveying and mapping standards. The textural quality reflected by the 3D models and digital ortho maps (DOMs) are also distinguishable and clearly represent the actual color of different ground objects. Our experimental results confirm the quality and accuracy of our system. Although flight efficiency and the accuracy of our designed UAV OP system are lower than that of the commercial versions, it provides several unique features including very low-cost, ultralightweight, and significantly easier operation and maintenance.
Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Long Noncoding RNAs in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiaoting , Su Yue , Fu Xian , Xiao Jing , Qin Guicheng , Yu Mengli , Li Xiaofeng , Chen Guihong
Published: January 2022

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is the most common type of lung cancer accounting for 40% to 51%. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a significant role in the invasion, migration, and proliferation of lung cancer tissue cells. However, systematic identification of lncRNA signatures and evaluation of the prognostic value for LUSC are still an urgent problem. In this work, LUSC RNA-seq data were collected from TCGA database, and the limma R package was used to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). In total, 216 DElncRNAs were identified between the LUSC and normal samples. lncRNAs associated with prognosis were calculated using univariate Cox regression analysis. The overall survival (OS) prognostic model containing 10 lncRNAs and the disease-free survival (DFS) prognostic model consisting of 11 lncRNAs were constructed using a machine learning-based algorithm, systematic LASSO-Cox regression analysis. We found that the survival rate of samples in the high-risk group was lower than that in the low-risk group. Results of ROC curves showed that both the OS and DFS risk score had better prognostic effects than the clinical characteristics, including age, stage, gender, and TNM. Two lncRNAs (LINC00519 and FAM83A-AS1) that were commonly identified as prognostic factors in both models could be further investigated for their clinical significance and therapeutic value. In conclusion, we constructed lncRNA prognostic models with considerable prognostic effect for both OS and DFS of LUSC.
Correlation Analysis between Stock Price and Accounting Profit Based on a Vector Autoregressive Model
Authors: Guo Yanlin
Published: January 2022

The study of accounting profitability was initiated by the famous American scholars Ball and Brown in the 1960s. In recent years, with the continuous development of market economy, the continuous improvement of the accounting legal system and accounting standards for enterprises has promoted the research on accounting profit in capital market in China. Due to the restriction of some objective conditions, there are not many valuable research results on the relationship between accounting earnings and stock price changes, and the research methods suitable for the study of accounting earnings still need to be explored and summarized. The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) has required listed companies to publish quarterly financial and accounting reports since 2002, and the condition of using the regression analysis method to study the accounting profit of listed companies is available. In this context, this paper designs a vector autoregressive model to study the correlation between stock price and accounting profit. First, combining the literature and the research results of accounting profit at home and abroad, this paper expounds the statistical analysis of accounting profit. Then, this paper analyzes the accounting profitability of listed companies in China from static and dynamic perspectives. Finally, according to the accounting profit status and profitability statistical analysis of accounting information, accounting profit and growth relationship, and accounting profit information and the relationship between stock prices, this paper is concluded. Also, this paper shows how to improve the profitability of listed companies and how can investors effectively use the accounting earnings information of listed companies for stock investment and put forward corresponding policy suggestions.
A Novel Approach to Determine the Enriched Gas Recycling during the Enriched Gas Flooding Process
Authors: Li Yan , Yu Chunsheng , Yuan Kaitao
Published: January 2022

A novel approach was proposed for calculating the enriched gas recovery factor based on the theory of two-phase isothermal flash calculations. First, define a new parameter, pseudo formation volume factor of enriched gas, to represent the ratio of the surface volume of produced mixture gas to underground volume of enriched gas. Two logarithmic functions were obtained by matching the flash calculation data, to characterize the relationships between pseudo formation volume factor and the produced gas-oil ratio. These two functions belong to the proportion of liquefied petroleum gas in enriched gas; the proportion is greater than 50% and less than 50%, respectively. Given measured gas-oil ratio and produced gas volume, underground volume of produced enriched gas can be calculated. Injection volume of enriched gas is known; therefore, recovery factor of enriched gas is the ratio of produced to injected volume of enriched gas. This approach is simply to calculate enriched gas recovery factor, because of only needs three parameters, which can be measured directly. New approach was compared to numerical simulation results; mean error is 12%. In addition, new approach can effectively avoid the influence of lean gas on the calculation of enriched gas recycling. Three stages of enriched gas recovery factors in field Z were calculated, and the mean error is 5.62% compared to the field analysis, which proves that the new approach’s correctness and practicability.
Use of Antibiotics and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders in Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Sweden
Authors: Hu Kejia , Smedby Karin E. , Sjölander Arvid , Montgomery Scott , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur , Engstrand Lars , Fang Fang , Fall Katja
Published: January 2022

Background:

Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis is associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety in the general population. A diagnosis of cancer is associated with an immediately and dramatically elevated risk of psychiatric disorders, but the potential influence of prediagnostic antibiotic-induced dysbiosis is unknown.

Methods:

Based on a national cohort of cancer patients in Sweden, we included 309,419 patients who were diagnosed with a first primary malignancy between July 2006 and December 2013. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of first-onset psychosis, depression, anxiety, or stress-related disorders during the first year after cancer diagnosis for antibiotic use during the year before cancer diagnosis.

Results:

Compared with no antibiotic use, use of antibiotics was associated with a higher rate of the aforementioned psychiatric disorders (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.16–1.30) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, comorbidity, potential indications for antibiotics, and cancer stage and type. The magnitude of the association was higher for broad-spectrum antibiotics (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.18–1.37), higher doses (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.22–1.44), more frequent use (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21–1.46), and recent use (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17–1.35).

Conclusions:

Use of antibiotics, especially of broad-spectrum type, of high dose and frequency, with recent use, was associated with an aggravated risk of psychiatric disorders, compared with no antibiotic use.

Impact:

A better understanding of the microbiota–gut–brain axis may open up a wide avenue for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders in cancer patients.
Targeting Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Suppresses Radiation-induced Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Radiation
Authors: Owens Jake L. , Beketova Elena , Liu Sheng , Shen Qi , Pawar Jogendra Singh , Asberry Andrew M. , Yang Jie , Deng Xuehong , Elzey Bennett D. , Ratliff Timothy L. , Cheng Liang , Choo Richard , Citrin Deborah E. , Polascik Thomas J. , Wang Bangchen , Huang Jiaoti , Li Chenglong , Wan Jun , Hu Chang-Deng
Published: January 2022

Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death among American men. Radiotherapy is a potentially curative treatment for localized prostate cancer, and failure to control localized disease contributes to the majority of prostate cancer deaths. Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostate cancer, a process by which prostate adenocarcinoma cells transdifferentiate into neuroendocrine-like (NE-like) cells, is an emerging mechanism of resistance to cancer therapies and contributes to disease progression. NED also occurs in response to treatment to promote the development of treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a highly aggressive and terminal stage disease. We previously demonstrated that by mimicking clinical radiotherapy protocol, fractionated ionizing radiation (FIR) induces prostate cancer cells to undergo NED in vitro and in vivo. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis and confirmed that FIR-induced NE-like cells share some features of clinical NEPC, suggesting that FIR-induced NED represents a clinically relevant model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a master epigenetic regulator of the DNA damage response and a putative oncogene in prostate cancer, along with its cofactors pICln and MEP50, mediate FIR-induced NED. Knockdown of PRMT5, pICln, or MEP50 during FIR-induced NED and sensitized prostate cancer cells to radiation. Significantly, PRMT5 knockdown in prostate cancer xenograft tumors in mice during FIR prevented NED, enhanced tumor killing, significantly reduced and delayed tumor recurrence, and prolonged overall survival. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PRMT5 promotes FIR-induced NED and suggests that targeting PRMT5 may be a novel and effective radiosensitization approach for prostate cancer radiotherapy.
[89Zr]ZrDFO-CR011 PET Correlates with Response to Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma B–targeted Therapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Supum , Cavaliere Alessandra , Gallezot Jean-Dominique , Keler Tibor , Michelhaugh Sharon K. , Belitzky Erika , Liu Michael , Mulnix Tim , Maher Stephen E. , Bothwell Alfred L.M. , Li Fangyong , Phadke Manali , Mittal Sandeep , Marquez-Nostra Bernadette
Published: January 2022

There is a need for prognostic markers to select patients most likely to benefit from antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) therapy. We quantified the relationship between pretreatment PET imaging of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma B (gpNMB) with 89Zr-labeled anti-gpNMB antibody ([89Zr]ZrDFO-CR011) and response to ADC therapy (CDX-011) in triple-negative breast cancer. First, we compared different PET imaging metrics and found that standardized uptake values (SUV) and tumor-to-heart SUV ratios were sufficient to delineate differences in radiotracer uptake in the tumor of four different cell- and patient-derived tumor models and achieved high standardized effect sizes. These tumor models with varying levels of gpNMB expression were imaged with [89Zr]ZrDFO-CR011 followed by treatment with a single bolus injection of CDX-011. The percent change in tumor volume relative to baseline (% CTV) was then correlated with SUVmean of [89Zr]ZrDFO-CR011 uptake in the tumor. All gpNMB-positive tumor models responded to CDX-011 over 6 weeks of treatment, except one patient-derived tumor regrew after 4 weeks of treatment. As expected, the gpNMB-negative tumor increased in volume by 130 ± 59% at endpoint. The magnitude of pretreatment SUV had the strongest inverse correlation with the % CTV at 2–4 weeks after treatment with CDX-011 (Spearman ρ = −0.8). However, pretreatment PET imaging with [89Zr]ZrDFO-CR011 did not inform on which tumor types will regrow over time. Other methods will be needed to predict resistance to treatment.
Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agent Hyporesponsiveness in Patients Living with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wu Henry H.L. , Chinnadurai Rajkumar
Published: January 2022

Background: Erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) hyporesponsiveness is commonly observed in patients with anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because of its complexity, a global consensus on how we should define ESA hyporesponsiveness remains unavailable. The reported prevalence and demographic information on ESA hyporesponsiveness within the CKD population are variable with no consensus definition. Summary: ESA hyporesponsiveness is defined as having no increase in hemoglobin concentration from baseline after the first month of treatment on appropriate weight-based dosing. The important factors associated with ESA hyporesponsiveness include absolute or functional iron deficiency, inflammation, and uremia. Hepcidin has been demonstrated to play an important role in this process. Mineral bone disease secondary to CKD and non-iron malnutrition among other factors are also associated with ESA hyporesponsiveness. There is continued debate toward determining a gold-standard treatment pathway to manage ESA hyporesponsiveness. The development of hypoxia-inducing factor-stabilizers brings new insights and opportunities in the management of ESA hyporesponsiveness. Key Message: Management of ESA hyporesponsiveness involves a comprehensive multidisciplinary team approach to address its risk factors. The progression of basic and clinical research on identifying risk factors and management of ESA hyporesponsiveness brings greater hope on finding solutions to eventually tackling one of the most difficult problems in the topic of anemia in CKD.
Staging for Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Survey about Adherence to Guidelines in German Breast Centers
Authors: Jannes Marcus , König Alexander , Kolben Martin , Fridrich Claudius , Kirn Verena
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The risk for metastasis at primary diagnosis of breast cancer is about 4%. The German guidelines give clear indications on when, who, and how to stage breast cancer patients. Ideally, this should be done via computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan of the thorax and abdomen and an additional bone scan. But daily practice shows that the way health-care providers handle staging recommendations can vary. To objectify adherence to guidelines we started a nation-wide survey. Methods: Between July and September 2020, we sent out a survey via email to all certified and noncertified breast centers and in addition to all Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Germany. We asked for timing of staging, conditions that cause staging, and the applied method. In case we did not get any reply, we sent out a reminder. Results: A total of 220 certified breast centers, 28 noncertified breast centers, and 48 Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology who care for breast cancer patients took part in our survey. A general pretherapeutic staging was performed in 16.4%, 39.3%, and 66.7% of all institutions and a general postoperative staging was performed in 4.1%, 0%, and 6.3% of each institutional type, respectively. In terms of the applied method, 75% of all certified breast centers used a CAT scan and bone scan, while 23.3% primarily used chest X-ray, ultrasound of the abdomen (27.7%), or MRI. As a potential reason for using X-ray and ultrasound, the presence of a “low-risk” breast cancer was mentioned. Summary: Although certified breast centers show the highest adherence to current guidelines, some still perform a general staging or do not use the recommended staging method. The low probability of primary metastatic breast cancer and the use of a reasonable exposure to radiation warrant a critical discussion.
Uma análise da interface cinema/videogame
Authors: Rosa Lopes Nilson Luiz , Borges Luis Fernando Rabello
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho pretende analisar a forma como se dá a interação entre cinema e videogame. Apesar de sugerir uma coexistência convergente, estudos indicam que estas duas formas de arte nem sempre interagem com harmonia. Por isso buscamos na literatura existente dados e informações para analisarmos, à luz de estudos já feitos, elementos que nos indiquem em que direção está indo a evolução das duas formas de entretenimento e em que medida cada um está interferindo/influenciando o desenvolvimento do outro
A Reeleição de Lula na Imprensa Espanhola: um Estudo sobre Hegemonia, Identidade e Representação a partir da Análise dos Jornais Espanhóis El País e El Mundo
Authors: Fabres Ricardo Rojas
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho analisa a cobertura política dos dois maiores jornais espanhóis, El Mundo e El País, durante a reeleição do presidente brasileiro Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. A pesquisa observou as matérias divulgadas pelos dois jornais entre os dias 01 e 31 de Outubro de 2006, a partir dos exemplares catalogados na Hemeroteca Municipal de Sevilha. Neste sentido, busca-se entender como a imprensa espanhola reproduz a imagem de Lula, da política e da sociedade brasileira, problematizando a questão da identidade, a partir dos conceitos de Hall (2000). Além disso, pretende-se, também, inserir os sistemas de representação em um espectro ideológico construído segundo os conceitos de “hegemonia” e “superestrutura” em Gramsci (1984). Por fim, o trabalho discute a possível mitificação da realidade brasileira e do presidente brasileiro Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, tomando como referência o conceito de Mito para Barthes (2000)
Cinema e História: Japão, um Construto Milenar
Authors: Baptista Thomas Antonio
Published: January 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a construção discursiva histórica de uma nação do chamado Oriente Distante – o Japão – para além de sua caracterização pela antiga antropologia e pela visão eurocêntrica ocidental. Para isso, será analisado o filme “Cartas de Iwo Jima” (2006), de Clint Eastwood, a fim de apresentar um possível debate, a partir dos referenciais da História e da Filosofia, em torno da construção deste Outro – o Japão – e de suas relações com o discurso fundante representado pelos Estados Unidos
Photoexperiências - Encontros com a Imaginação: Análise de Photo Wallahs de David e Judith MacDougall
Authors: Secco Victor
Published: January 2022

Este ensaio se debruça sobre o filme de David e Judith MacDougall, Photo Wallahs, para falar de imagens e de imaginação através do encontro fílmico, encarado como forma de produção de um conhecimento sensível, no contexto específico da Fotografia na Índia
Turismo e unidades de conservação: análise teórico-conceitual e empírica do uso indireto em parques nacionais brasileiros
Authors: Campos Raul Ivan Raiol de , Pinto Paulo Moreira , Cruz Silvia Helena Ribeiro , Mendes Fabrício Lemos de Siqueira
Published: January 2022

O Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação define uso indireto como aquele que não envolve consumo, coleta, dano ou destruição dos recursos naturais. Neste contexto, a pesquisa problematiza, a partir da aplicabilidade teórica e empírica, se há realmente o uso indireto dos recursos naturais pela atividade turística e pelos moradores locais nos Parques Nacionais dos Lençóis Maranhenses, Jericoacoara e Chapada das Mesas. Nesse conjunto, a centralidade firma-se em analisar o conceito de uso indireto e sua aplicabilidade nos loci citados. Para tanto, utiliza teóricos considerados clássicos e que debatem sobre os recursos de uso comum, cotejando-os com autores contemporâneos. A metodologia consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, pesquisa de campo, observação direta e abordagem qualitativa. Assim, tomando-se por base os pressupostos teóricos e o empirismo, os resultados demonstram que o que se pratica nessas Unidades de Conservação é o uso direto dos recursos de uso comum tanto pela atividade turística quanto pelos moradores locais.
Stereoscopic Views Improve Spatial Presence but Not Spatial Learning in VR Games
Authors: Uz-Bilgin Cigdem , Thompson Meredith , Klopfer Eric
Published: January 2022

A key affordance of virtual reality is the capability of immersive VR to prompt spatial presence resulting from the stereoscopic lenses in the head-mounted display (HMD). We investigated the effect of a stereoscopic view of a game, Cellverse, on users’ perceived spatial presence, knowledge of cells, and learning in three levels of spatial knowledge: route, landmark, and survey knowledge. Fifty-one participants played the game using the same game controllers but with different views; 28 had a stereoscopic view (HMD), and 23 had a non-stereoscopic view (computer monitor). Participants explored a diseased cell for clues to diagnose the disease type and recommend a therapy.  We gathered surveys, drawings, and spatial tasks conducted in the game environment to gauge learning. Participants’ spatial knowledge of the cell environment and knowledge of cell concepts improved after gameplay in both conditions. Spatial presence scores in the stereoscopic condition were higher than the non-stereoscopic condition with a large effect size; however, there was no significant difference in levels of spatial knowledge between the two groups. Most drawings showed a change in cell knowledge; yet some participants only changed in spatial knowledge of the cell, and some changed in both cell knowledge and spatial knowledge. Evidence suggests that a stereoscopic view has a significant effect on users’ experience of spatial presence, but that increased presence does not directly translate into spatial learning.
Place Names in Colophons and Notes of Yemeni Manuscripts
Authors: Rauch Christoph
Published: January 2022

This article points to some geographical and historical conditions of scholarship and manuscript culture in Zaydi Yemen. The place of copying is only sporadically given in the colophons of Arabic manuscripts. This is confirmed by a systematic investigation into the catalogues of the Berlin collection presented here. In particular, this article discusses the presence of place names in the colophons and notes of Yemeni manuscripts, based on an examination of 750 volumes held in the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna, the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich, and the Staatsbibliothek in Berlin. It reveals that manuscripts from the Zaydi tradition were copied in numerous locations, but also shows the relevance of other places with respect to the transmission of knowledge. The wide range of fifty villages and smaller towns that appear in the colophons is significant for Yemen and can be explained by the long tradition of Zaydi scholars settling in the tribal territory in villages (qarya) or settlements called hijra (pl. hijar). The result remains surprising in so far as older catalogues of Yemeni manuscripts seem to be erratic and inconsistent in providing information on places of copying.
Work and Demand Making: Productionist and Consumptionist Politics in Latin America
Authors: Palmer-Rubin Brian , Collier Ruth Berins
Published: January 2022

How does the world of work in Latin America affect the way workers act to defend their interests? To what extent have “productionist” demands, those concerning jobs, work conditions, and wages, which are highly salient across the region, been “displaced” by consumptionist or political demands? While the literature has distinguished formal and informal work grosso modo, we explore individual traits of work, which cross-cut the formal-informal distinction. Analyzing survey data from four Latin American capital cities, we find, not surprisingly, that both work-based atomization and insecurity depress demand making in the work arena. But these traits of work also affect demand making on the state, albeit in somewhat different ways. Insecurity is associated with a shift from productionist to consumptionist and political demands, while atomization is associated with a more generalized demobilization across issues. These findings have implications for the representation of worker interests in light of current labor market restructuring and raise the question if labor can reclaim an important voice in that restructuring process.