bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Vertical Profile of Radio Refractivity and its Gradients in a Tropical Atmosphere
Authors:   Federal University of Technology, Igwe K. C. , Tukur M. ,   Nigerian Meteorological Agency
Published: January 2024

This paper evaluates radio refractivity and its gradients over Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria, using five years upper air meteorological data obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). From the results obtained, radio refractivity was observed to decrease with increasing altitude. Also, higher refractivity values were observed in wet season, while lower values were recorded in dry season. An average refractivity value of 326 N-Units was obtained at 1 km altitude, while average refractivity gradient values of -34 N-Units/km and -40 N-Units/km were recorded for the dry and wet season months respectively. A total average value of -38 N-Units/km for refractivity gradient was obtained for the five-year study period, thus making the atmospheric condition over Abuja to be sub-refractive. The effective earth radius factor (k-factor) computed for the location was also observed to be higher in the wet season months than the dry season months. An average k-factor value of 1.32 was obtained for the study period.
Microcontroller Based Smart Energy Meter with Data Logger System
Authors:   Federal Polytechnic, Hassan Kabiru , Agboola Mutiu K. ,   Federal Polytechnic, Oladiran Taofeek A. ,   Federal Polytechnic, Olorunmaye Isaac I. ,   Federal Polytechnic
Published: January 2024

Recent advancements in power system ensure that energy being generated is efficiently delivered to meet the growing demand for electricity in many countries. However, determining the proper energy usage by the consumers has become a major challenge to utility companies. Metering is an important aspect of electricity distribution, it helps to accurately measure and bill customers for their electricity consumption. In this project, a prototype for an electricity monitoring system using ATMEGA328P as the microcontroller was proposed and developed. The display parameter values are voltage, current, power factor, active and apparent power. A ZMPT101B voltage sensor is used to measure the AC voltage, while an SCT-013 100A current sensor is used to measure the AC current flowing through meter. In addition, a rotary encoder is used to converts the rotational motion into an electrical signal which is used to measure and control various parameters in a system. Real time clock module is based on an internal clock that generates pulses at a fixed frequency. variety of tests to verify that the system can handle the expected volume of data, can communicate reliably and that can secure data were performed such as logging the energy data to memory card, testing input sensors, The voltage and current errors for the energy meter are ±0.1% and ±0.3%, respectively while the power value error of ±0.04%, which is acceptable for most metering devices, The use of smart metering system lead to a more sustainable and efficient energy system for achieving a more sustainable future.
Comparative Study of Static Stress on Bearing 6207: Analysis Based on Manufacturer Brands and Its Impact on System Performance
Authors:   Mercu Buana University, Dwilestari Charisma , Feriyanto Dafit ,   Mercu Buana University
Published: January 2024

This research provides a thorough examination of ball bearings from various brands, with a specific focus on 6207 type bearings, using ANSYS simulation software. The bearings under study are sourced from five different brands: KOYO, NSK, Nachi, NTN, and SKF. The study includes a series of tests, with a primary emphasis on assessing static stress when subjected to a 1000 MPa pressure load. Key parameters evaluated in these tests encompass total deformation, equivalent stress, bearing life, and safety factor. The findings from the analyses reveal significant differences among the tested bearings. Notably, KOYO brand bearings demonstrate superior performance compared to their counterparts, characterized by reduced levels of deformation and stress. However, it's important to acknowledge that each brand of bearings possesses distinctive characteristics, comprising both strengths and weaknesses, contingent upon the specific application context. In conclusion, this study underscores the critical importance of thorough testing and analysis in the process of selecting bearings tailored to precise operational requirements. The research highlights the exceptional performance of KOYO bearings under the examined conditions, while also emphasizing the necessity for a nuanced decision- making process that takes into account diverse user preferences and varied application demands.
Functionalization of Carbon-Based Nanostructures for Environmental Remediation
Authors:   School of Advanced Sciences Vellore, Sridharan Nishanthi Vasanthi , Mnadal Badal Kumar ,   School of Advanced Sciences Vellore
Published: January 2024

The rise of environmental exploitation due to human intervention and industrialization is an alarming issue at current times. Carbon-based nanostructures have been in the application of environmental remediation due to their high sorption nature, low toxicity and other beneficial properties. Functionalization of the carbon nanostructures using relevant functional groups improves the performance of the material, which results in the target-specific application. This review focuses on the role of functionalized carbon-based nanostructures in environmental remediation. Methods of functionalization, properties, characterization and applications of those functionalized carbon nanostructures are also discussed.
Aniline-Driven Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Methylamine-Water Separation: Process Simulation and Performance Evaluation
Authors:   Modibbo Adama University, Abubakar Abdulhalim Musa , A Wali Suleiman ,   Modibbo Adama University, Waziri Abubakar Yusuf ,   Modibbo Adama University, Marvin Mahlon Kida ,   University of Maiduguri Bama Road, Ngulde Aliyu Buba ,   University of Maiduguri Bama Road, Abubakar Muhammad Abbagoni ,   University of Maiduguri Bama Road, Abdul Aminullah Zakariyyah ,   Federal University Wukari (FUW) Wukari, Sarkinbaka Zakiyyu Muhammad ,   Federal University Wukari (FUW) Wukari, Yunus Mujahid Umar ,   University of Maiduguri Bama Road, Yusuf Abdulghaffaar Assayyidi ,   National Institute of Construction Technology and Management (NICTM) Uromi, Saad Mohamed ,   Sirte University, Coto Baudilio ,   Rey Juan Carlos University
Published: January 2024

Methylamines are toxic with ammonia-like odor while aniline has a fishy odor. Both aniline and methylamines affect aquatic life and water quality if present in large concentrations in water. Nevertheless, the later, with solubility of 1120 g/L is more soluble in water than the former with solubility of 3.6 g/L at 25. Based on their difference in solubilities, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) technique can be used to separate or remove the presence of any one of the two pollutants in water. The UNIQUAC property method in Aspen Plus V8.8 was proven to be the best method for the LLE of a water-aniline-methylamine ternary mixture after a single stage partition coefficient analysis with a mixing tank. Adopting the best model for a two-stage separation using ‘Extract’ and ‘RadFrac’ Aspen Plus model units, yielded three separate product streams that are 95.5% methylamine, 86.5% aniline and 100% water. The phase boundary, diagonal tie lines and a constant boiling point of 372.505 K showcased by the ternary phase diagram demonstrated the presence of an azeotrope and the ability of the RadFrac model to separate the mixture easily. Future demonstration on how to separate numerous ternary mixtures is recommended, as the need to treat effluents of many industries containing compounds of varying solubilities may warrant the setting up of a LLE unit.
Production of Particleboard from Agricultural Waste - A Sustainable Approach to Waste Management
Authors:   Covenant University Canaan Land, Ojewumi Modupe Elizabeth , Ojewumi Emmanuel Omotayo ,   Federal University of Technology Akure Akure, Ibrahim Oresegun Olakunle ,   Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Oyinlola Obanla Rukayat ,   University of Arkansas 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Oladapo Faith Oluwapelumi ,   Covenant University Canaan Land, Jolayemi Kayode Joshua ,   Covenant University Canaan Land
Published: January 2024

Large amounts of agricultural waste are left unutilized in Nigeria, resulting in detrimental environmental consequences. Particleboard made from such trash would help to reduce deforestation and have a good impact on the environment. The characteristics of particleboard made from corn cob (CC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) with cassava starch and urea formaldehyde as separate binders were compared in this study. CC and SB mix proportions of 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50 percent (by volume) were used to make three layers of medium density particleboard. Manual mixing and blending of 25% and 10% by volume of the different binders and water respectively was done. The mixtures were compressed for 1 hour at 100 °C and 342 kg/m2. The ASTM D. 1037-12 (2020) and EN 312 (2010) standards were used to evaluate the particleboard. However, particleboard produced from 90 % CC and 10 % SB with cassava starch binder had the greatest modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 444.65 N/mm2 and modulus of rapture (MOR) of 10.59 N/mm2. The MOR and MOE data from this investigation allowed researchers to draw the conclusion that while the mechanical qualities of the panels improved as the fraction of CC particles increased, the panels' physical characteristics remained subpar.
Unravelling the Interplay of Public Debt, Inflation and Unemployment on Poverty in Malaysia: A Comprehensive Examination
Authors:   Politeknik Seberang Perai, Sulong Amri , Raja Yusof Raja Nor Azuwah ,   SMK Permai Indah
Published: January 2024

This study addresses a critical gap in the existing body of research by exploring the relationship between macroeconomic variables and poverty in Malaysia from 1992 to 2022. Employing the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method, the research investigates the impact of three key independent variables - unemployment, public debt, and inflation - on the dependent variable, the poverty rate. The findings reveal significant insights: unemployment positively affects the poverty rate, underlining the vulnerability of unemployed individuals to poverty. In contrast, public debt emerges as a negative determinant of poverty, emphasizing the importance of prudent fiscal management for poverty reduction. Intriguingly, inflation does not exhibit a statistically significant association with the poverty rate. These results offer a valuable contribution to the limited macroeconomic studies on poverty in Malaysia, shedding light on the intricate dynamics between economic variables and poverty, and provide valuable guidance for policymakers and researchers alike in the pursuit of targeted poverty alleviation strategies tailored to the Malaysian context.
Big Five Personality Traits Among Lecturers and Job Satisfaction: A Case Study of Private Universities in Bogor City
Authors:   Universitas Pakuan, Rully Tutus , Anoesyirwan Anoesyirwan ,   Universitas Pakuan, Muharram Hari ,   Universitas Pakuan
Published: January 2024

Personality is a unique psychological aspect possessed by each individual and describes how the individual communicates with his environment. In the context of this research, we will focus on the five main dimensions of personality that are often considered, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. Understanding how these big five personality dimensions can influence lecturer job satisfaction can provide valuable insights for the management and development of human resources in higher education. This research uses a descriptive verification type, where analytical testing is obtained through a representation of the characteristics of several research variables. Thus, the main aim of this research is to explore more deeply the relationship between personality and job satisfaction of lecturers in higher education with SEM-Lisrel 8.8.
PROBLEMATIKA STRES AKADEMIK MAHASISWA TAHUN PERTAMA: BAGAIMANA KETERHUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KONSEP DIRI?
Authors: Juniasi Anetha Ferderika , Huwae Arthur
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBeing a student is the most dreamed-of thing, especially for first-year students who have just entered the world of lectures. However, when living life in the world of lectures it is not uncommon to find difficulties in the process. These obstacles make students tend to experience stress. The stress experienced by these students is certainly influenced by a variety of different stressors. Therefore, this study aims to determine the correlation between self-concept and academic stress of first-year students at UKSW. In the study, a correlational quantitative method was used. A total of 302 first-year students at UKSW became participants using the incidental sampling technique. Data collection used Self Concept Scale (α = 0.894) and Academic Stress Scale (α = 0.900). The results prove that the hypothesis is rejected, meaning that self-concept is not significantly negatively related to the academic stress of first-year students at UKSW.Keywords: Self-Concept, Academic Stress, First-year Students.  ABSTRAKMenjadi mahasiswa adalah hal yang paling diimpikan khususnya bagi mahasiswa tahun pertama yang baru memasuki dunia perkuliahan. Namun, ketika menjalani kehidupan di dunia perkuliahan tidak jarang ditemukan kesulitan dalam prosesnya. Hambatan tersebut membuat mahasiswa cenderung rentang mengalami stres. Stres yang dialami mahasiswa tersebut tentunya dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam stressor yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara konsep diri dengan stres akademik mahasiswa tahun pertama di UKSW. Pada penelitian, menggunakan metode kuantitatif korelasional. Sebanyak 302 orang mahasiswa tahun pertama di UKSW yang menjadi pastisipan dengan menggunakan teknik insidental sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan Self Concept Scale (α = 0,894) dan Academic Stress  Scale (α = 0,900). Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa hipotesis ditolak, artinya konsep diri tidak berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan stres akademik mahasiswa tahun pertama di UKSW.Kata Kunci : Konsep Diri, Stres Akademik, Mahasiswa tahun pertama.
Assessment of Traditional Asphalt Mixture Performance Using Natural Asphalt from Sulfur Springs
Authors: Mohammed Fatima A. , Latief Roaa H. , Hamad Albayati Amjad
Published: January 2024

This research utilized natural asphalt (NA) deposits from sulfur springs in western Iraq. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of an asphalt mixture incorporating NA and verify its suitability for local pavement applications. To achieve this, a combination of two types of NA, namely soft SNA and hard HNA, was blended to create a binder known as Type HSNA. The resulting HSNA exhibited a penetration grade that adhered to Iraqi specifications. Various percentages of NA (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) were added to petroleum asphalt. The findings revealed enhanced physical properties of HSNA, which also satisfied the requirements outlined in the Iraqi specifications for asphalt cement.
Consequently, HSNA can serve as an asphalt binder to produce asphalt mixtures for flexible paving construction. Notably, HSNA mixtures exhibited greater Marshall stability and stiffness index when compared to traditional mixtures. The results from indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) tests indicated that the 80NA mixture displayed the highest ITS values and a TSR of 81.36%, surpassing the TSR of the mixture incorporating petroleum asphalt by 0.57%.
Sustainable Performance Model and Strategy: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Arifin Firmansyah , Wiryono Sudarso Kaderi , Damayanti Sylviana Maya , Yudoko Gatot
Published: January 2024

This study is driven by the conditions of the energy sector, particularly the "oil field service industry" which serves as the main pillar of this sector. The significant oil price drop and the need for cost-cutting among oil and gas producers shows the vulnerabilities in this sector, necessitating improvement. Generally, industries that support key commodities must exhibit strong operational performance that intricately intertwines with the corporate strategy, mitigating potential obstacles, challenges, and business risks in order to achieve sustainable performance. Thus, this research aims to investigate how to develop a sustainable performance model for the industry in helping the industries the current and future business challenges. A systematic literature review was undertaken, encompassing prior studies on sustainable business, performance, and risk management strategies. This study investigates the dynamic interaction between three primary constructs: (1) context-business sustainability, (2) content-performance management, and (3) process-strategy formulation. Finally, gaps in the existing literature were identified and several future research directions were proposed.
ScholarOne - VICTIM THEN, PEDOPHILE NOW: AN ANALYSIS
Authors: Fathima Nihaya , Muraleedharan Amrita
Published: January 2024

Pedophilia is defined as recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviours involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children—generally age 13 years or younger—over a period of at least six months. It must be noted, however, that not all individuals with said feelings act on them. So pedophiles can be distinguished using three categories: abstinent pedophiles (who vow never to have sexual relationships with children), passive pedophiles (who choose not to act on their desires out of fear of the repercussions — not out of their own choice) and active pedophiles (who actively seek to indulge in their fantasies). We have limited ourselves to active pedophiles however the other two categories, especially abstinent pedophiles, have not been completely disregarded. This paper is a consolidation of prior research findings on the commonalities between pedophiles placing an importance on victims-turned-perpetrators and the factors that abet this transition
The speed of detection vs. segmentation from continuous sequences: Evidence for an anticipation mechanism for detection through a computational model
Authors: Luo Meili , Cao Ran , Wang Felix Hao
Published: January 2024

To understand the latent structure of a language, one of the first steps in language learning is word segmentation. The rapid speed is an important feature of statistical segmentation, and exact quantifications would help us understand the underlying mechanism. In this study, we probe the speed of learning by using a novel experimental paradigm and compare them to results obtained through the traditional word segmentation paradigm. Using a novel target detection paradigm, we replicated and extended a study on when participants start to show learning effects. We successfully replicated a facilitation effect showing rapid learning, which showed that learners obtained statistical information following a single exposure. However, we also found a similar facilitation effect when the syllable sequence contained words that were uniform or mixed in length. Importantly, this contrasts with results from traditional word segmentation paradigms, where learning is significantly better in uniform-length sequences than in mixed-length sequences. Thus, even though the target detection paradigm showed robust effects, it may have required mechanisms different from those in word segmentation. To understand these mechanisms, we proposed both theoretical analyses and a computational model to simulate results from the target detection paradigm. We found that an anticipation mechanism could explain the data from target detection, and crucially, the anticipation mechanism can produce facilitation effects without performing segmentation. We discuss both the theoretical and empirical reasons why the target detection and word segmentation paradigm might engage different processes, and how these findings contribute to our understanding of statistical word segmentation.
Unravelling VEXAS syndrome: An overview of the enigmatic autoimmune condition
Authors: Roy Bedanta , Yi Yang Yun
Published: January 2024

No abstract available.
Evaluation of the relationship between the interpupillary distance and mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth in Nepalese population
Authors: Tuladhar Sapna Laxmi , Manandhar Pratik , Thapa Neeta , Pradhan Dilesh , Parajuli Umesh
Published: January 2024

Introduction: For pleasing aesthetic appearance, the maxillary anterior teeth must be in proportion to facial morphology. Among the different facial measurements used to determine mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth, the interpupillary distance remains constant irrespective of age changes. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the inter-pupillary width and mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth.
Methods: This was a hospital-based cross sectional study conducted at outpatient department of College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal. The study comprised of 199 participants of age group 18 to 35 years. The inter-pupillary distance and mesiodistal width from maxillary right canine to left canine (R3L3) were measured with a digital vernier caliper (Aero-space company, India) with accuracy of 0.01mm. Independent t-test was used to compare inter-pupillary distance and R3L3 between males and females while Pearson correlation was used to see the inter-relationship between these two parameters. Regression analysis was used to predict the mesiodistal width of right central incisor and R3L3.
Results: The overall IPD was 66.09 + 4.00 mm and R3L3 was 54.27 ± 4.47 mm. There were no significant differences in IPD and R3L3 in males and females. The IPD and R3L3 showed moderate positive correlation, r=0.47, p-value <0.001.Prediction equation was calculated to predict the R3L3 and mesiodistal width of right central incisors.
Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between inter-pupillary distance and mesiodistal width of maxillary six anterior teeth. Prediction equation will be useful to determine the mesiodistal width of the maxillary six anterior teeth based on interpupillary distance.
Prescription pattern of antibiotics in urinary tract infection based on antimicrobial susceptibility test at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shrestha Laxmi , Adhikari Shristi , Palikhey Anjan , Pokhrel Buddhi Raj , Shrivastava Amit , Joshi Bishal , Yadav Chandrajeet Kumar
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is a common bacterial infection associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and financial burden. This study aimed to identify the causative bacteria, assess their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and evaluate empirical and definitive antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection.
Methods: A hospital-based crosssectional study was conducted at the outpatient medicine department at a teaching hospital in Nepal from February 15 to July 14, 2022. Two hundred participants with positive urine cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were included. The microorganism causing urinary tract infection and prescription pattern of antibiotics pre-and post-AST report were analyzed.
Results: The majority of isolated pathogens were gram-negative bacteria (73%), with Escherichia coli being the most common (53.5%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus among gram-positive bacteria (14.5%). Female patients had a higher incidence of urinary tract infection (59.5%) than males (40.5%). The age group above 60 years had the highest occurrence (34%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that Escherechia coli exhibited higher sensitivity to nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and meropenem, while resistance was observed against ampicillin, cefixime, and norfloxacin. Empirical antibiotics were commonly prescribed, with levofloxacin and ceftriaxone being the most frequent choices. After antibiotic susceptibility testing, nitrofurantoin and levofloxacin were frequently prescribed.
Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the etiology of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns, aiding in selecting appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on local resistance patterns.
Impact of nanoparticles on human health and disease
Authors: Roy Bedanta , Murugesan Karthikeyan , Mathanmohun Maghimaa , Sathian Brijesh
Published: January 2024

Nanoparticles (NPs) are small particles with a surface area ranging from 1 to 100 nm in diameter that are rampantly used in different fields, e.g., medicine, engineering, and others. Because of their unique properties, such as their tiny size, magnetic properties, quantum size effects, and macroscopic quantum tunnelling effects, they are crucial for a wide range of potential applications. NPs play a significant role in the treatment of vascular disorders, the production of vaccines, and the development of drug carriers for diverse therapies due to their bioavailability, targeting ability, and efficacy. However, significant risks to the environment and health are also associated with it. NPs cause necrotic plasma membrane rupture or apoptosis, which leads to cell death. NPs interfere with cell signalling, endosomal membranes, and organelles like the nucleus or mitochondria, affecting their function. NPs cause autophagic cell death, which causes a stress response and sterile inflammation. The primary routes for the entry of NPs into the human body are inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. NPs accumulate in the respiratory system based on their size, shape, and surface properties. NPs can cause lung inflammation and fibrosis, disrupt the endocrine system by attaching to hormone receptors, and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with DNA damage, oligospermia, and male infertility. Carcinogenic properties of NPs cause mutations, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Collaborative research between ecologists and epidemiologists may enlighten ways to reduce the harmful effects of NPs.
Tear and serum levels of the neuromarker BDNF in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Bakhritdinova Fazilat Aripovna , Kangilbaeva Guzal Erkinovna , Urmanova Firuza Mahkamovna , Mirrakhimova Saida Shuhratovna , Nabieva Iroda Fayzullaevna
Published: January 2024

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the growth factors capable of exerting simultaneous effects on the vascular and metabolic components of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Purpose: To examine tear and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients with and without DR.Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy patients with DM2 and 84 practically healthy individuals without any eye disease (totally, 254 individuals and 504 eyes) were included in the study. Of the total individuals included in the study, 49.2% were males and 50.8% were females. The mean age plus or minus standard deviation was 67 ± 4.2 years for men and 64 ± 5.6 years for women.Results: It was found that tear BDNF levels lower than 97.5 pg/ml and serum BDNF levels lower than 23.8 ng/ml indicate the transition to DR, whereas tear BDNF levels lower than 62.0 pg/ml and serum BDNF levels lower than 12.0 ng/ml indicate the development of proliferative DR.Conclusion: Mean serum BDNF levels as low as below 23.8 ± 1.33 ng/ml and mean tear BDNF levels as low as below 97.5 ± 5.57 pg/ml are an early sign of DR.
Strabismus correction with refractive surgery: a case report
Authors: Garduño Vieyra Leopoldo , Rúa Martínez Raúl , Macedo Cué Raúl , Flores Escobar Bruno
Published: January 2024

Background. Refractive surgery is an alternative treatment for the correction of strabismus associated with ametropia in adults.Purpose. To report a case of a young adult patient with exodeviation and uncorrected myopia in childhood who came to a consultation to improve her visual and aesthetic quality. Material and Methods. Рreoperatively, the uncorrected visual acuity of 20/400 was presented in both eyes with compound myopic astigmatism that, with correction, improved to 20/30. In addition, in both eyes the patients presented exotropia of 40º that increased to 60º.Results. Photorefractive keratectomy surgery was performed in both eyes, achieving an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20, and orthotropia was maintained until the consultation six months after the operation.Conclusion. Refractive surgery can be performed successfully in patients with accommodative or non-accommodative strabismus. Each patient must be studied to define whether or not they are suitable for this type of surgery.
Peranan Orang Tua Terhadap Pola Asuh Anak Introvert Pemalu
Authors: Elan Elan , Gandana Gilar , Oktavia Bela Nur
Published: January 2024

Kepribadian merupakan pembentukan dari sifat dan watak seseorang. Menurut Jung kepribadian di bagi menjadi dua yaitu ekstrovet dan introvert. Kepribadian introvert cendrung menarik diri dari kontak sosial, minat serta perhatiannya lebih terfokus pada dirinya sendiri  Anak yang memiliki kepribadian introvert salah satunya memiliki sikap pemalu, dimana hal ini biasanya di anggap hal yang wajar dan lumrah di kalangan masyarakat, namun jika hal tesebut di biarkan maka akan berpengaruh di masa mendatang. Orang tua merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang dapat menentukan bagaimana kepribadian anaknya. Setiap orang tua memiliki versinya sendiri untuk dapat membimgbing dan memberi pengarahan melalui pola pengasuhannya pada anak, baik itu menggunakan pola asuh demoktratis, pola asuh otoriter maupun pola asuh permisif. Maka dari itu peneliti ingin menggali lebih dalam dari berbagai literatur jurnal-jurnal serta buku-buku yang relavan dan tepercaya menggunakan penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif  melalui metode studi literatur tekait peranan orang tua terhadap pola asuh anak introvert pemalu sehingga di harapkan dalam penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat baik itu bagi peneliti maupun bagi pembaca.
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: PEMBELAJARAN PECAHAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK INDONESIA
Authors: Sukasno Sukasno , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Zulkardi Zulkardi
Published: January 2024

This study aims to conduct a literature review related to fractional learning with the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI) approach. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The articles that were used as a source of review in this study were 9 articles related to the application and development of the PMRI approach to the material of fractions in the period 2017-2021. Articles come from reputable journals and are indexed by sinta and proceedings are indexed by scopus. From the results of the review, it was found that there were problems related to learning outcomes, understanding concepts, and the learning process on the material of fractions. The application and development of learning with the PMRI approach has a positive impact on the development of students' conceptual understanding of the fractional number material. Through the PMRI approach, students can develop fun learning situations, because learning activities are oriented to everyday concrete situations. The use of concrete media gives a good contribution in developing students' conceptual understanding of the fraction material. The developed learning trajectory can lay an important foundation in helping the development of the concept of fractions.
Research on EMP Shielding Concrete Product Development and Improvement
Authors: Kim Min-Sung , Lee Sang-Seok , Byun Seung-Ho
Published: January 2024

In this study, the research was conducted for the purpose of developing Electro Magnetic Pulse (EMP) shield concrete using electric furnace oxidizing slag and carbon material and improving the quality of EMP shield concrete mixed with fly ash(FA) and blast furnace slag(BS). As a result of the study, it was confirmed that compressive strength and Shielding Effectiveness (SE) increased when electric furnace oxidized slag(EOS) was used as aggregate, and that SE increased when Carbon Fiber(CF) was used rather than Milled Carbon Fiber (MCF) in the form of carbon materials. In the case of CF, when the mixing ratio increased, the SE increased, but the fluidity significantly decreased, so the Electric Furnace Oxidized Slag CF 0.2 was suitable as an EMP shielding concrete. Fluidity and SE were increased when FA and BS were incorporated, and EMP BS20 was confirmed to be effective in improving quality.
Microstructural Changes of Synthetic Calcium Silicate Hydrate According to Ca/Si Ratios via Small Angle X-ray Scattering
Authors: Im Su-min , Bae Sung-chul
Published: January 2024

The evolution of hierarchical porous structure according to Ca/Si ratios of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), which determines the physicochemical properties of cement pastes, is still ambiguous. In this study, the changes in the hierarchical porous structure of synthetic C-S-H pastes with Ca/Si ratios of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 were analyzed via small angle X-ray scattering measurements using synchrotron X-ray. The microstructural changes of C-S-H within the length scale of 3-1000 Å were elucidated using the fractal model and the Guinier approximation that were presented as suitable for the cement hydrates in previous studies.
Part 1: Tribal Peoples, History and Ethnology
Authors: Simpson Bob , Barkhoda Dalir , Okely Judith
Published: January 2024

Three authors reflect on their conversations and interactions with Sue with particular reference to her fieldwork in south-west Iran in the mid-1970s and how that influenced her subsequent research on community development, organisations and social change.
Proteinuria among Pregnant Women Admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Ghimire Asmita , Koirala Poonam , Rijal Hima , Chamlagain Anita , Pant Padam Raj
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Proteinuria is usually related with preeclampsia during pregnancy, although it can also be caused by other conditions such as renal disease or isolated proteinuria. Proteinuria during pregnancy can result in adverse fetomaternal outcomes. The study aimed to find the prevalence of proteinuria among pregnant women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data of 14 April 2022 to 13 April 2023 was collected from 9 June 2023 to 9 September 2023 from medical records. The study included pregnant women aged 18-45 years, who were past 28 weeks of gestation and had a 24-hour urine protein measurement. Pregnant women who had insufficient medical records were excluded from the study. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 3,914 pregnant women, proteinuria was seen in 61 (1.56%) (1.17-1.95, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean proteinuria in the study group was 1.5±2.75 gm/24 hr. In pregnant women with proteinuria, maternal complications were seen in 51 (83.60%) and foetal complications in 34 (55.73%) cases. A total of 47 (77.05%) underwent emergency lower-section caesarean section.
Conclusions: The prevalence of proteinuria among pregnant women was found to be similar as compared to studies done in similar settings.
Acute Conjunctivitis among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Shrestha Ram , Rijal Roshija Khanal , Kausar Neyaz , Shrestha Oshan , Rajkarnikar Sagar , Chaudhary Raina , Shrestha Kabindra Lal , Khadka Sitaram
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Conjunctivitis is a highly prevalent ocular disease that flares up every year. The humidity and high temperature favour the causative agents responsible for the epidemic. Acute infective conjunctivitis may be either viral or bacterial, a distinct type of condition with unique clinical features and treatment approaches. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of acute conjunctivitis among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology. Data of 30 August 2023 to 30 September 2023 was collected between 21 November 2023 to 24 November 2023. All patients presenting in the Ophthalmology Department having complete hospital record were included in the study. Patients having missing data on the medical records of the hospital were excluded. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 5,507 patients, acute conjunctivitis was seen in 1240 (22.52%) (21.42-23.62, 95% Confidence Interval). The majority were male 732 (59.03%) and adults 760 (61.29%) with a mean age of 32.56±18.74 years.
Conclusions: The prevalence of conjunctivitis among patients visiting the outpatient Department of Opthalmology was found to be higher than other studies done in similar settings.
Diabetes Mellitus among Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Admitted to the Department of Medicine in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Rayamajhi Parash , Khadka Janak , Bhattarai Pravesh , Bohaju Anjana , Adhikari Apsara , Mandal Deependra
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern and a continuously growing chronic disease worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is one of the modifiable, independent, and major risk factors of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to find the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Medicine in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Medicine from 19 July 2023 to 19 November 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Detailed clinical history, random blood sugar and glycated haemoglobin were used to define diabetes mellitus. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 80 patients, diabetes mellitus was seen in 25 (31.25%) (21.09-41.41, 95% Confidence Interval). Among them, 19 (76%) had previously diagnosed and 6 (24%) had newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. The poor glycemic control was seen in 11 (44%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with acute ischemic stroke was found to be higher than in studies done in similar settings.
Ultrasound Guided Biopsy among Patients with Lung Lesions Undergoing Procedures in Interventional Radiology of a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Kayastha Prakash , Adhikari Binaya , Paudel Sharma , Suwal Sundar , Shingh Shashi Shekhar , Chapagain Pradip , Regmi Pradeep Raj
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Minimally invasive image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy can obtain tissue samples for diagnosis of subpleural lung cancer, which is crucial for the correct management of lung lesions. Common complications of lung biopsy include pneumothorax, parenchymal haemorrhage and haemoptysis. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of ultrasound-guided biopsy among patients with lung lesions undergoing procedures in interventional radiology of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Radiology and Imaging from 1 August 2018 to 30 September 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. USG-guided biopsy of peripheral lung lesions was performed with an 18 gauge semiautomatic biopsy instrument and a 17 gauge coaxial needle. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 188 biopsy of lung lesions, ultrasound-guided biopsies were performed in 28 (14.89%) (9.80-19.98, 95% Confidence Interval).
Conclusions: The prevalence of ultrasound guided biopsy among lung lesions is lower than other studies done in similar settings.
Postoperative Sore Throat among Patients Following General Anesthesia with Endotracheal Intubation in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Gauchan Sabin , Thapa Chitra , Yadav Rajiv , Bhandari Sabin
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Postoperative sore throat is the second most common minor adverse event after general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. It is an uncomfortable and stressful sequel of tracheal intubation. The incidence of postoperative sore throat varies across different studies and type of anesthesia technique used. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of postoperative sore throat following general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation from 1 December 2022 to 31 October 2023 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. The anaesthesia technique was standardized in all the patients. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 200 patients, postoperative sore throat was seen in 86 (43%) (36.14-49.86, 95% Confidence Interval) patients. The maximum reported time of sore throat was at a fourth postoperative hour 80 (93.02%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of postoperative sore throat among patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation was similar to the studies conducted in similar settings.
Jejunovesical Fistula Diagnosis After Normal Vaginal Delivery: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Deepak Kumar , Bahadur Adhikari Mahesh , Maharjan Bipin , Mishra Prashant , Prasad Shrestha Pramesh
Published: January 2024

Enterovesical fistula represents an abnormal communication between the intestine and bladder. The causes are diverticulitis (56.3%), malignant tumours, which are located mainly in the intestine (20.1%), and Crohn’s disease (9.1%). Other causes include iatrogenic injury (3.2%); trauma; foreign bodies in the intestinal tract; radiotherapy; chronic appendicitis; tuberculosis; and syphilis. Normal vaginal delivery as a cause for enterovesical fistula has not been reported in many publications yet. Wereport a case of a 30-year-old female, who developed an jejunovesical fistula after normal vaginal delivery. It was diagnosed after diagnostic cystoscopy and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. There was jejuno-vesical fistula. Resection of the segment of the jejunum with side-to-side anastomosis with bladder repair was done. A follow-up cystogram was done which showed no contrast extravasation into the peritoneum. The patient was followed up for 9 months after surgery.
Cutaneous Reactions Following Anticancer Drug Therapy in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Pathak Thapa Deeptara , Shrestha Sudip , Shrestha Saloni
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Cutaneous reactions are dermatological abnormalities that can occur after anticancer drug therapy in cancer patients. Cutaneous reactions can range from mild dermatological disorders to life-threatening medical conditions and may worsen a patient's quality of life. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of cutaneous reactions following anticancer drug therapy in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among cancer patients following anticancer therapy in the outpatient department of dermatology of a tertiary care centre between 1 October 2021 to 30 December 2022. Convenience sampling was done. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 3,288 patients, the prevalence of cutaneous reactions following anticancer drug therapy was seen in 73 (2.22%) cancer patients. The mean age was found to be 49.42±1.45 years. Anagen effluvium was the frequently observed cutaneous reaction (30.10%) followed by palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (19.94%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of cutaneous reactions following anticancer drug therapy among cancer patients was found to be lower as compared to the studies conducted in similar settings. An interdisciplinary approach is required to identify cutaneous reactions to anticancer therapy and to navigate change in the treatment plan.
Well-Being support by Sandwich generation in the Films Cinta Pertama, Kedua, dan Ketiga
Authors: Sudarji Shanty , Marta Rustono Farady , Panggabean Hana , Jatmika Devi
Published: January 2024

Large families are very common in Indonesian culture. Individuals living in extended families with multigenerational childcare responsibilities are known as the Sandwich Generation. The challenges involved in multi-generational parenting impact the lifestyle of the Sandwich Generation as a whole, including personal time, career development, and financial stability. The Sandwich Generation is at risk for various mental health problems, including stress, depression, and anxiety, due to increased pressure and demands. The objective of this research is to see the picture of well-being support in the sandwich generation as reflected in the films Cinta Pertama, Kedua, dan Ketiga. The research method used to review the films Cinta Pertama, Kedua, dan Ketiga is Content Analysis by Philip Mayring with an interpretive paradigm. Abstraction, explication, and arrangement were carried out to analyze this film. There are three things that can be concluded from the content analysis of the films Cinta Pertama, Kedua, dan Ketiga. First, the dynamics of the life of the sandwich generation are described as full of problems. Second, the main character Dewa is described as having well-being support from his family. Third, the well-being support obtained cannot be separated from the standard culture that exists in Indonesia, namely Guyub, where people live in harmony and support each other as a family member.