bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Antibiotic Use Among the Public in the City of Kuantan, Pahang State, Malaysia.
Authors: Akkawi Muhammad Eid , Al-Shami Nashaat , Mohammed Al-Worafi Yaser , Abdulmajid Abdo Ahmed Abdullah , Mohammed Al-Shami Abdulkareem
Published: December 2024

Background: Public knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use play a vital role in the success of controlling antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to assess the public’s knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) towards antibiotic use in Kuantan, Malaysia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the general public above 18 years old. The data was collected in public places using a pre-validated questionnaire. Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for statistical analyses.
Results: Out of 410 participants who answered the questionnaire, 229 (55.9%) of them were female and 288 (70.3%) had a college/university degree. It was found that 258 participants (62.9%) have good knowledge and 306 of them (74.6%) have positive attitude towards antibiotic use. However, 160 respondents (39%) believe that antibiotics can kill viruses and 183 respondents (44.6%) stated that they would ask the doctor to give them antibiotics in case they have common cold symptoms. Having a good knowledge was significantly related to the age (P=0.005), employment status (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), and the field of work or study (P<0.001). Furthermore, 313 of the sample (76.3%) had an overall good practice. However, 162 participants (39.5%) do not complete their antibiotic course. Additionally, 57 participants (13.9%) share and 69 of them (16.8%) use the leftover antibiotics. Showing a good practice correlated to the field of work/study (P =0.04), level of knowledge (Spearman's rho = 0.373; P<0.001) and attitude (Spearman's rho = 0.55; P<0.001).
Conclusion: Although the majority of the public showed good KAP, there are still important gaps that need to be filled. Therefore, a public educational campaign is needed to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotic use.
comparative study: Impact of screen time on sleep quality among university students and school children
Authors: Mohd Kamaruzihan Nurul Qistina , Soe May Khin
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Screen time has been found to affect sleep quality negatively. Despite numerous studies proving that poor sleep quality and excessive screen time is prevalent among school children and university students, a comparative study on both age groups is yet to be explored extensively so far. This study focused more on school-aged children and university students, as they are often associated with sleep deprivation. The main objectives are to assess the association between screen time and sleep quality among schoolchildren and university students and to compare the effects of screen time on sleep quality between both age groups. Method: This study was conducted in Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, IIUM Kuantan, and six primary schools around Kuantan involving 100 undergraduate pharmacy students and 100 primary schoolchildren aged 10 to 12 years old. The participants were assessed using a self-administered online questionnaire consisting of demographic background, electronic device use, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The result was analysed using SPSS 23.0 software— descriptive analysis and Chi-Square test to determine the association between duration of screen time and sleep quality. Results: The mean duration of screen time among the participants is 5.5 hours (± 0.102). 56.5% participants have poor sleep quality. The PSQI score for UG students is significantly higher (mean score 6.7 ± 2.741) compared to children (mean score 5.54 ± 2.812) respectively (p value=0.001). The duration of screen time is weakly related to sleep quality. However, respondents with excessive screen time of more than 12 hours have a higher mean PSQI score. Conclusion: The findings revealed that majority respondents have poor sleep quality, independent of screen time. Further research with larger sample size is suggested for clearer comprehensive results.
In vitro antimicrobial evaluation between the selected anti-diabetic medicinal plant seeds in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gowri Rajkumar  , Mihiri Rangika Jayasinghe  , Vinotha Sanmugarajah
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The management of Diabetes mellitus is a major contest for clinicians in nowadays. Uncontrolled hyperglycaemia increases the risk of numerous complications in the body. Although a number of antidiabetic drugs are available for therapeutic intervention, herbal management for diabetes is encouraged due to its low side effects and effectiveness, throughout the world. This current in-vitro study is a comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activities of four selected anti-diabetic medicinal plant seeds namely Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Sinapis alba L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L. and Nigella sativa L. which are commonly found in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka. Materials and method: Crude ethanol extract of seeds was investigated for their antibacterial activity against three bacterial strains as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by using agar well diffusion method in three replicates. The statistical analysis was carried out using one-way Analysis of variance. Results: The seeds extract of S. cumini showed maximum zone of inhibitions (24.70, 16.147, 10.37 mm) and S. alba represented minimum zone of inhibitions (1.08, 1.08, 0 mm) against all three types of human pathogens (E. faecalis, S. aureus and E. coli) respectively. Results showed that significant amount of inhibition zone was obtained against all the selected bacterial species which were comparable with positive control streptomycin. Conclusion: The chances of discovering antimicrobial activities in seeds of S.cumini extract is the highest and it is proposed that the plants which presented significant antimicrobial activities should be tested in detail to reveal their potential as probable antibiotics against particular pathogens. Therefore, this current research process demonstrates the S.cumini seeds can be used for developing nutraceutical products and long-term storage herbal drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases as well as diabetes in future.
Infection Control in Digital Era: Future or Futile?
Authors: Ismaeil Rehab , Fata Nahas Abdul Rahman , Nik Mohamed Mohamad Haniki , Mohd Basri Mat Nor  , Kamarudin Norhidayah
Published: December 2024

New technologies are being developed and marketed to healthcare facilities all over the world as a way to stop healthcare- associated infections. The Internet of Things and artificial intelligence have been created with a variety of capabilities to improve people's health, offer necessary services, and monitor their health The potential adoption of these technology in automated surveillance and automated hand hygiene compliance monitoring systems has a lot to offer health care systems. However, the success or failure of the use of technology will depend on the awareness of the challenge and the establishment of a strategy, goals, and processes to support technology deployment, maintenance, and training. System differences between nations and a lack of standardization in the application of digitalization in health care hinder this technology from providing the full range of potential benefits. In this review, we explore the use of technology in the areas of automated infection surveillance in healthcare-associated infection and hand hygiene compliance, with an emphasis on the difficulties in developing such technologies
Synergistic Interaction Between Combination of Existing Therapy with Polyphenols in Several Human Diseases: A Review
Authors: Abdullah Amira Raudhah , Hapidin Hermizi
Published: December 2024

The complicated pathology of current diseases requires an intricate treatment. Today, current application of individual single-target drugs or therapeutic approaches is inadequate to target these diseases not to mentioned perceived shortcomings and presented with numerous adverse effects. The extensive and successful documented findings in natural product researches urges the need to make use of these knowledge in the development of new generation of medicine. Polyphenols are compounds naturally derived from plants and have been describe in many research to have tremendous medical benefit. Therefore, a synergistic combination of readily available drugs or other therapeutic approaches is a favourable approach to enhance efficacy, overcome toxicity and optimize safety. The objective of this review is to describe the synergistic effects between the combination of a variety of polyphenols with synthetic drugs or other therapeutic approaches which can help to improve therapeutic efficacy subsequently minimize the adverse effects of a substance targeted in various diseases focusing mainly on cancer, diabetic, microbial infections and tissue regeneration along with their underlying mechanism.
Team Experiential Learning Through Community Services Delivery at Private Drug Rehabilitation Centres by University Students: Focus Group Discussion
Authors: Mohd Faisal Nur Amni ‘Afifah , Ab Rahman Norny Syafinaz , Mohamed Nazar Nor Ilyani , Ridzwan Irna Elina , Zin Che Suraya , John Turner Christopher , Mohd Taufek Nor Hidayah
Published: December 2024

Introduction:  Substance abuse problem necessitates comprehensive community responsibility including university students to assist with the recovery of the marginalised population. This study aimed to investigate perception and experiences addressing team experiential learning as well as barriers to learning perceived by university students who provided community services at private drug rehabilitation centres.
Materials and methods: Six focus group discussions were conducted with graduated and undergraduate pharmacy students who provided community services in private drug rehabilitation centres. A guide was used to explore students’ experiences, challenges encountered, and perceived learnings. Data were extracted from interview transcripts, sorted, and coded using Atlas.ti® version 9 and subjected to thematic analysis.
Results: The themes identified according to the scope of learning experience were (1) contribution of knowledge, (2) positive interaction, (3) application of interprofessional learning, and (4) appreciation of team experiential practice. Themes emerged under the scope of gaps and barriers were (1) initial negative perception, (2) communication barriers, (3) technical problems and (4) difficulties in coping with behaviours. For perceived learnings, themes identified were (1) enhanced confidence and skills, (2) contact with reality, and (3) increased empathy.
Conclusion: Team experiential learning in community service for marginalised population provided students with opportunities to directly contribute to the community and improved their learning.
Layer-By-Layer Coating of Sesame Oil in Alginate-Chitosan Beads for Enteric Coating and Sustained Release
Authors: Abueta Somaia , Ab Hadi Hazrina , Doolaanea Abd Almonem , Aloqyli Abdullah Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Medical uses of alginate-chitosan beads have been growing widely in recent years due to their varied applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical technology. Moreover, a variety of research have used drug encapsulation in the alginate-chitosan matrix to facilitate the enteric coating and sustained release of therapeutic molecules. Sesame oil has various medical applications as it contains a significant amount of lignans, which enhance its antioxidant function and anti-inflammatory effects for external or internal medical uses. In addition, it has contributed to the treatment of several inflammatory bowel diseases. Layer-by-layer assembly provides an effective coating for drugs, improving the oil instability in the gastric media, preventing drug leakage, and elongating the release time for sesame oil. This study aims to encapsulate sesame oil in alginate-chitosan beads and to optimize the formulation for enteric coating.
Method: Consuming sesame oil directly will not enable gastrointestinal tract to obtain the desired quantity of active ingredients in the oil due to the early degradation of oil. Therefore, the beads were prepared by using the external gelation method with layer-by-layer technique to provide multicoated layers. To illustrate, the usage of layer-by-layer assembly for the encapsulated alginate-sesame oil beads was accomplished by alginate and chitosan polysaccharides. A stability test was held to ensure the formulation stability during the study. In addition, the beads were characterized for particle size, roundness, and in-vitro drug release in different simulated buffers.
Results: This study revealed that the layer-by-layer approach is a viable method to obtain a sesame oil alginate-chitosan bead formulation for enteric coating and sustained release. Formulation coated layer-by-layer provided a successful pass of the stomach system whereas 68% of cumulative drug release occurred in the intestine within 5 h. To illustrate, during 135 min uncoated beads showed a cumulative drug release of 65% while the same percentage was achieved in 255 min for coated beads.
Conclusion: Sesame oil alginate-chitosan beads could be introduced as a promising carrier for encapsulating essential oils with favourable features.
Physicians’ Perception on Prescribing Potentially Inappropriate Medications for Older Patients: A Qualitative Study from Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Roslan Umairah , Zaini Syahrir , Akkawi Muhammad Eid
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Many quantitative studies reported that potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) is quite prevalent among older adult patients. However, the issue is less explored qualitatively from the perspective of physicians. Objective: To qualitatively explore hospital physicians’ perception regarding PIMs, associated factors and the possible interventions to control this phenomenon. Method: A qualitative study using individual semi-structured and in-depth interview research method was constructed on 15 physicians serving in a Malaysian hospital. The purposive sampling technique was used at the beginning followed by the snowball sampling process. Results: It was found that the physicians have inadequate knowledge about PIM and the published PIM criteria . Several factors were perceived as barriers of appropriate prescribing. Firstly, physicians’ lack of knowledge and training in geriatric medicine as well as lack of time. Secondly, some of the physicians were skeptical about the applicability of PIM criteria in daily practice due to limited alternative medications. Lastly, complexity of the cases due to multimorbidity, polypharmacy and patient’s poor knowledge about their medications. The proposed interventions to optimize prescribing for older patients were education (for patients and physicians), optimization of healthcare workforce and activation of deprescribing. Conclusions: Prescribing for older patients is a complex process that is affected by numerous patient-related and doctor-related factors. Improvement strategies should target the patient, physicians and the work environment activating a joined-up working between the physician and other healthcare providers.
PVA-PEG Hydrogel Incorporated with Cellulose Nanofibril of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Antibacterial Agent Curcumin
Authors: Jafri Nur Huda Syazwani , Asri Arif , Jimat Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dzun Noraini , Syed Shaharuddin Sharifah Imihezri
Published: December 2024

Introduction:  The compelling characteristics of hydrogel films, resembling biological tissues, have sparked significant interest for their use in wound healing dressings.
Materials and methods: Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and antibacterial agent of curcumin was incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel prepared via few cycles of freeze-thaw methods. The CNFs were extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using alkaline-deep eutectic solvent (alkaline-DES) assisting with ultrasonication. The inclusion of CNFs and curcumin were optimized by varying their concentrations and moisture retention content (MRC) was determined as a response.
Results: The PVA-PEG/CNF-curcumin hydrogel achieved a 44.84% MRC via an optimal hydrogel composition comprising 6% (v/w) CNF and 5% (v/w) curcumin. Other physio-chemical properties of the developed hydrogel such as swelling behaviours, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), hydrogel porosity, chemical structural, and antimicrobial resistance were determined as well to observe the effect of incorporating of CNFs and curcumin. The optimized PVA-PEG/CNF-curcumin hydrogel formulation demonstrated a swelling capacity of 26.44%, enhanced porosity of 48%, and a WVTR of 76.73 g/m²h, showed its potential as a promising dressing material with improved characteristics. The PVA-PEG/CNFs-curcumin hydrogel was observed to have high moisture retention content and demonstrated good resistance to gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis) and lower resistance to gram-negative bacteria (E. coli).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the incorporation of CNFs and curcumin into PVA-PEG hydrogel demonstrated promising characteristics, highlighting its potential as an effective and versatile wound healing dressing with notable antimicrobial properties.
Precision medicine using monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy
Authors: Taher Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Nil
Fabrication, Applications and Future Prospects of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Zohera Fatema , Mohamed Farahidah , Abul Kalam Azad  , May Kyaw Oo
Published: December 2024

In past decades, nanomedicine has become a prominent area of focus within the discipline of nanotechnology, eliciting significant anticipation within the field of biomedical research. Scientists are creating unique nanoparticles for diagnosis, utilising techniques for imaging as well as therapy applications using medication delivery techniques. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), a recent addition to this area, serve as a sterling example of innovative nanostructures that offer distinctive and exceptional features. These features make them valuable for developing drug delivery systems with consistent and positive advancements in preclinical. MSNs efficiently encapsulate, control, and sometimes deliver biologic agents intracellularly for clinical use due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics, such as high porosity, large surface area, adjustable pore size and dimensions, good biocompatibility, and significant loading capacity. In this article, we discuss the latest advancements in fabrication, their presumed usefulness in delivering medications, and their application as diagnostic tools. It has been demonstrated that silica can store and release therapeutics, such as antibiotics, in a sustained and controlled manner. The desirable properties of MSNs have been further enhanced by modifying the surface of the siliceous frameworks through incorporating supramolecular assemblies and various metal species and their conjugates. These substantial advancements in innovative colloidal inorganic nanocontainers have driven researchers to explore their use in novel applications, such as stimuli (light/ultrasound/ magnetic)-responsive delivery-associated therapies with exceptional in vivo performance. This article provides a brief overview of the fabrication of siliceous frameworks and discusses significant advances in the engineering of MSNs.  The precise control of the shape, dimension, homogeneity, and dispersity of MSNs is crucial, as these characteristics are critical quality attributes necessary for regulatory approval. Currently, explicit FDA guidelines for developing nanomaterial-based formulations intended for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes are lacking. Therefore, establishing standardised protocols and techniques for the synthesis and characterisation of nanoparticles, particularly for their use as theranostics, is essential for future commercial potential.
Assessment of Methods to Measure Adherence of Antidepressants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abdul Ghafur Nur Aina , Zaini Syahrir , Mizher Hussam
Published: December 2024

Adherence towards antidepressant agents is a vital element in effectively managing depression. Non-adherence of antidepressants can lead to a recurrence of depressive symptoms and decreased treatment effectiveness. Adherence is assessed using various types of measures. This study aims to evaluate the different methods used to assess the adherence towards antidepressants on adults with depression. This systematic review adhered to the guidelines outlined in the PRISMA statement. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus are searching from 2013 to 2023 for articles that studied or reported on antidepressant adherence measures in adults with depression. Two authors conducted independent screenings of the articles against the eligibility criteria, examining titles, abstracts, and full-texts. The risk of bias for all included studies were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists. Information from all the selected articles was extracted using a predefined table. 15 studies met the eligibility criteria. When measuring adherence towards antidepressant at initiation and/or implementation phase, self-report methods such as Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity, while Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ by Svarstad et al.), Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ), and Brief Adherence Rating Scale (BARS) showed good validity, and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), Morisky Green Levine Adherence (MGLA), Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ by Horne et al.) and Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) showed good reliability. This study found a diverse range of methods to measure adherence towards antidepressant in adults. Self-report assessments, particularly in primary care and psychiatric settings, emerged as the most practical tools followed by clinician-rating scale, pharmacy refill data, adherence scale, pill count, and average serum level. No single measure with consistently shown strong reliability and validity across different adherence stages, highlighting the need for a combined approach.
Avocado Fruit and Leaf Bioactive Phytochemicals and Cosmeceutical Applications: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yeoh Ling Li , Lee Xin Nee , Lee Wen Ying , Goh Bey Hing , Maran Sathiya
Published: December 2024

The cosmeceutical industry has been blooming over the years, necessitating a demand for safe and effective options. Fruit bioactive compounds are reported as safe for human health and broadly effective alternatives with less adverse effects. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tropical fruit rich in phytonutrients and lipid-soluble bioactive compounds. These compounds have been reported to have various potential health benefits, including improving skin health. This scoping review investigated the bioactive compounds of avocados that were reported to confer beneficial activities on the skin. Published data between August 1982 till February 2022 were extracted from Ovid Medline, Scopus, Pubmed, SciFinder and Web of Science. A total of 307 published articles were identified using the search terms, of which 31 full articles were reviewed and appraised in this synthesis. This comprehensive scoping review examined the cosmeceutical activities of bioactive phytochemicals found in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) outlining their mechanisms of action. The review highlighted the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-aging properties of avocado extracts. Acetone extracts, especially from seeds, showed the highest antioxidant capacity and were also effective in antimicrobial activities. Methanol extracts demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, bioactive compounds from avocados were found to enhance wound healing and anti-aging effects, such as increasing collagen production and improving skin hydration and elasticity. This scoping review provides a comprehensive collection of evidence and critically appraises recent literature on bioactive compounds of Avocado and extraction solvents and potential cosmeceutical applications.
Infection Prevention and Control Knowledge among Health Sciences Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Malaysia
Authors: Fata Nahas Abdul Rahman , Samsuri Hanis Zulaikha , Akkawi Muhammad Eid , Hassan Elnaem Mohamed , El Sayed Tarek , Mohd Taufek Nor Hidayah , Mohammed Al-Shami Abdulkareem
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a crucial component of the healthcare system that demands adherence to standards to avoid and reduce the risk of infectious diseases spreading among patients, staff members, and visitors to healthcare institutions. The aim of this study was to assess IPC knowledge among undergraduate health sciences students and to identify the critical IPC components that need to be addressed. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 235 final-year health science students at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), involving five faculties: the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Health Science. A 45-item questionnaire was used to collect participants’ sociodemographics (5 items) and explore their knowledge about IPC across six aspects (40 items). A score of > 24 (62%) indicates satisfactory knowledge. Results: The majority of the participants were female (74.9%), and 34% were from the Faculty of Pharmacy. Medicine students had the highest level of IPC knowledge with a mean score of 29.3 (n = 52), which was significantly different from Allied Health Science students (M = 25.6, n =55, p < 0.001). Other faculties students had similar IPC knowledge with no significant differences (Pharmacy: M = 27.5, n = 80; Nursing: M = 27.4, n = 29; Dentistry: M = 27.2, n = 19). IPC components that need to be improved are knowledge about sharp disposals and sharp injuries, as well as respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette. Conclusion: IPC knowledge was adequate among health science students at IIUM, although certain IPC components still require improvement. Additional IPC educational materials and workshops should be added to all faculties' syllabi to address this issue.
Cigarette Smoking & Electronic Cigarette Use among Malaysian Adolescents: Urgent Call for Action
Authors: Nik Mohamed Prof Dr Mohamad Haniki
Published: December 2024

Adolescence is an important developmental period1,2 characterized by engagement in risky behaviours, including the use of tobacco products such as cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems such as e-cigarettes (e-cigs)3. The use of tobacco in the form of cigarettes and e-cigs is indeed of interest to the public health community and the nation at large. E-cigs are defined as devices that deliver aerosolized or vaporised nicotine form heating of liquids (e-juice) with constituents including nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol, and other flavouring agents. It has been reported that 90% of smokers start smoking before the age of 18 years4. The Tobacco & E-Cigarette Survey among Malaysian Adolescents (TECMA) 2016, a nationwide school-based survey, found 11.7% current cigarette smokers among students between 10 to 19 years old. 78.7% of ever cigarette smokers tried their first cigarette before the age of 14. In addition, 9.1% of the students were current e-cigarettes users, with 40.9% vaping once a day and 33.9% doing it 2 to 5 times per day. Alarmingly, data from the 2022 Adolescent Health Survey found a sharp increase in adolescent vaping prevalence among adolescents aged 13-17 years old, reaching a high of 14.9% in 2022.6E-cigs are heavily promoted directly to users include advertising and promotion at combustible cigarette point-of-sale (e.g., behind cashier’s counter). E-cigs are also promoted via physical and online shops, internet, social media, events, etc. According to TECMA, 10.6% of school-going adolescents aged 10-19 years were offered a free trial session of e-cigarette/vape while 7.9% were offered a free e-cigarette/ vape liquid (e-liquid)5. With proliferation of e-cig promotions via the social media, internet, and vape shops (some under the guise of selling electronic products, handphones, etc.,), using celebrities and others, the number of dual users and vapers among non-smokers, especially adolescents in Malaysia can be even higher now. In early adolescence, development of executive function and neurocognitive processes in the brain has not fully matured. Adolescence is a sensitive period for maturation of brain circuits that regulate cognition and emotion, with resulting vulnerability to the effects of nicotine and tobacco. The rapidly changing, immature adolescent brain has differing sensitivity to drugs such as nicotine and tobacco, and drug exposure during this time can lead to long-term changes in neural circuitry and behaviour6. The American Academy of Pediatrics produced a policy statement showing evidence regarding the effects of nicotine on the developing brain. Nicotine has neurotoxic effects on the developing brain, an effect on the brain as a “gateway” drug for cocaine and other illicit drugs. The gateway theory postulates that smoking, especially among adolescence, increases the risk of substance use due to effects of nicotine, shown to be a neuroteratogen that exerts long-term, maturational effects at critical stages of brain development7.
Por que tanta violência?
Authors: Rodrigues Pereira Rafael
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho propõe analisar a cobertura jornalística da LGBTfobia à luz das proposições de Jake Lynch e Annabel McGoldrick (2000) sobre Jornalismo para Paz e a perspectiva teórica de Johan Galtung (1969) sobre as tipologias de violência. Utilizando a metodologia de estudo de caso, a pesquisa examinou a cobertura do assassinato de Roberta da Silva, mulher trans assassinada em 2021, em Recife. O objetivo geral é verificar se o jornalismo adotou uma abordagem voltada à promoção da paz ou se perpetuou discursos de violência. A análise se concentrou em identificar narrativas, enquadramentos e escolhas linguísticas que refletem os princípios do Jornalismo para Paz, como a humanização das vítimas e a busca por soluções não violentas, contrastando com possíveis estigmatizações e polarizações. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que todas as reportagens apresentadas abordam explicitamente a violência direta sofrida por Roberta da Silva, com diferentes níveis de detalhamento sensacionalista. Essa ausência de análise estrutural e cultural nas reportagens desumaniza a vítima e reforça estigmas, o que pode ser compreendido à luz dos conceitos de violência cultural de Johan Galtung e violência simbólica de Pierre Bourdieu, que ressaltam como a mídia pode reproduzir preconceitos de maneira tácita.
Televisão por streaming, necromídia e capitalismo gore: explorando a série Dahmer – um canibal americano
Authors: Segabinazzi Tiago
Published: December 2024

O livro Televisão por streaming, necromídia e capitalismo gore: explorando a série Dahmer – um canibal americano problematiza a visibilidade de crimes extremos, a midiatização da violência e a cultura de celebração de figuras abjetas. Dividido em ensaios, o texto aborda temas variados que se apresentam ao espectador, como o culto em torno de Jeffrey Dahmer, a recepção do público, o capitalismo de plataforma. Esta resenha se atenta a dois aspectos que mais podem contribuir à pesquisa comunicacional: a percepção diversificada de uma autoria coletiva e a análise orientada ao objeto, que apreende um fenômeno a partir de suas condições de possibilidade e dos efeitos engendrados. Os autores e autoras argumentam por uma possibilidade de trabalho específica à nossa área a partir da percepção de que atos extremos teriam uma "comunicabilidade" intrínseca.
Diagnosis and treatment of right ventricular thrombosis in a female patient with pulmonary thromboembolism associated with severe pneumonia (Case report)
Authors:   Altay State Medical University, Malchenko T.D. , Tseimakh I.Ya. ,   Altay State Medical University, Bogachev D.E. ,   Altay State Medical University, Kornilova Т.А. ,   City Hospital No. 5, Barnaul, Russia, Tseimakh M.Е. ,   Altay State Medical University
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Right ventricular (RV) thrombosis is a rare life-threatening complication of right heart failure developing amid venous thromboembolic complications and severe lower respiratory tract infections.
Aim. Exchange of experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with RV thrombosis associated with severe pneumonia.
Materials and methods. We studied a history of the inpatient and the archive of medical records, including the results of lab tests, functional diagnostics and radiologic imaging.
Results. The article presents a case report of a 19-year-old female patient, in whom the clinical picture of acute right heart failure and RV thrombosis occurred amid severe pneumonia.
Conclusion. Timely diagnosis and treatment of acute right heart failure, pulmonary thromboembolism, and RV thrombosis can improve outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with severe pneumonia.
ประสิทธิผลและปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อกระบวนการดูแลผู้ป่วยแบบลีน ในห้องพักฟื้น โรงพยาบาลสงขลานครินทร์ :การศึกษาย้อนหลัง
Authors: Oearsakul Maliwan , Siripan Niranuch , Oofuvong Maliwan
Published: December 2024

บทคัดย่อ
วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อศึกษาประสิทธิผลและปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการเพิ่มเวลาในกระบวนการดูแลผู้ป่วยแบบลีน ในห้องพักฟื้น โรงพยาบาลสงขลานครินทร์
วิธีวิจัย: เป็นการศึกษาย้อนหลังในผู้ป่วยอายุ 15-60 ปี สุขภาพดี มารับบริการผ่าตัดแบบผู้ป่วยใน โดยการให้ยาระงับความรู้สึกแบบทั่วตัว ช่วงเดือน ม.ค. - ธ.ค. 2563 จำนวน 2004 ราย ใช้กระบวนการดูแลผู้ป่วยในห้องพักฟื้นที่พัฒนาด้วยแนวคิดการจัดการแบบลีน  (ภาพ 1) ซึ่งผู้วิจัยศึกษาพัฒนาจากงานวิจัยก่อนหน้า(1) ที่ใช้เป็นวัฒนธรรม รวบรวมข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบบันทึกที่ปรับปรุงจากงานวิจัยเดิม
ผลการศึกษา: พบประสิทธิผลด้านต้นทุน มีค่ามัธยฐานระยะเวลารวมดูแลผู้ป่วยในห้องพักฟื้น (Total lead time (TLT)) 45(15,210) นาที มีผู้ป่วยใช้ TLT 30 นาที ร้อยละ 19.6(393) ใช้ TLT ≤ 45 นาที ร้อยละ 57.8(1,158) และใช้ TLT > 45 นาที ร้อยละ 42.2(846) พบการใช้ออกซิเจนแรกรับในห้องพักฟื้นร้อยละ 30.2(605) ลดค่าการใช้ออกซิเจน 272,805 บาท/ปี ประสิทธิผลด้านความปลอดภัย พบอุบัติการณ์ภาวะแทรกซ้อนในระบบทางเดินหายใจในห้องพักฟื้นและใน 24 ชั่วโมงหลังจำหน่ายกลับหอผู้ป่วยร้อยละ 8.8(177)  และ2.9(58) ตามลำดับ ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อประสิทธิผลด้านต้นทุน (ใช้ TLT ในห้องพักฟื้น > 45 นาที) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P<0.05, 95% CI)  ประกอบด้วย ตำแหน่งผ่าตัด, การใช้ออกซิเจนแรกรับที่ห้องพักฟื้น,  ภาวะแทรกซ้อนในระบบทางเดินหายใจในห้องพักฟื้น, ภาวะคลื่นไส้-อาเจียน ภาวะหนาวสั่น ภาวะแทรกซ้อนอื่นๆในห้องพักฟื้น และภาวะปวด
สรุป: แนวคิดลีนเป็นแนวคิดที่นำเสนอสามารถนำมาใช้ปรับกระบวนการทำงานด้านสุขภาพ(1,16) ช่วย ลดความสูญเปล่า ลดต้นทุนการบริการ เพิ่มผลิตภาพงาน ภายใต้มาตรฐาน คุณภาพ ความปลอดภัยขององค์กร
Gruntowna edukacja a perspektywa uczestnictwa w życiu publicznym w ocenie Ojców Kapadockich
Authors: Strękowski Stanisław
Published: December 2024

A thorough education of the young was highly valued by parents, who saw it as a foundation for their sons’ success in public life in ancient Rome, both in the Republican and Imperial periods. Every young Roman, through physical training, moral and intellectual education, was prepared from childhood to hold office in both the army and the imperial administration. In the 4th century AD, when the Cappadocian Fathers lived and worked, both in the East and in the West of the Empire there was always a need for people well-prepared for public service, who formed the backbone of the civil and military administration. In home education, not only was the art of reading and writing taught, but – especially in the case of boys – their physical development and skills useful in a future military career were taken care of. Parents were primarily responsible for such education, although the skills of slaves, grandparents from both sides and older siblings were often used, who supported the parents in their educational activities. The next two stages of education were first in public schools at primary and secondary levels, and then able young men were sent to the main schools run by recognized teachers, where they completed their education useful for taking up duties in the public life of the Empire. For young Christians who did not have a well-ordered educational system, the only possibility of obtaining a thorough education was to use the system that had been functioning for centuries in ancient Rome. The Cappadocian Fathers, obedient to the will of their parents, acquired a thorough education by attending lectures by famous representatives of the so-called Second Sophistic with the intention of engaging in the public life of the Empire. However, in a short time, their lives changed and they used their knowledge and skills in the service of the Church, combating heterodox teaching and strengthening the faithful in their fidelity to orthodoxy. They recommended that young people acquire a thorough education, in which they should avoid mythological content that was the content of readings recommended by teachers in public schools. That which ennobled the spirit and supported a virtuous life should be accepted, but everything that was immoral and incompatible with the teachings of Christ should be rejected. The Cappadocian Fathers did not oppose young people studying secular sciences and engaging in public life, but concern for preserving the faith in Christ had to be in the first place.
Minister właściwy ds. zdrowia w systemie zapobiegania i zwalczania chorób zakaźnych i epidemii. Ocena obowiązującego stanu prawnego
Authors: Jacek Anna
Published: December 2024

Zapewnienie jednostkom bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego jest związane z koniecznością określenia przez ustawodawcę norm prawnych, których celem jest ochrona życia i zdrowia ludności przed zagrożeniami związanymi z możliwością zakażenia chorobami zakaźnymi i wybuchem epidemii. Celem głównym artykułu była rekonstrukcja przypisanych Ministrowi Zdrowia kompetencji związanych z zapobieganiem i zwalczaniem chorób zakaźnych i epidemii oraz weryfikacja kompetencji Ministra Zdrowia związanych z zapobieganiem i zwalczaniem chorób zakaźnych i epidemii w zakresie zagwarantowania jednostkom bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego. Przeprowadzona analiza potwierdziła tezę, że kompetencje Min. Zdr. związane z zapobieganiem i zwalczaniem chorób zakaźnych i epidemii częściowo zapewniają jednostkom bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne. W odniesieniu do powyższego należy podkreślić, że akty normatywne stanowione przez Min. Zdr. zapewniają jednostkom bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne. Uwypuklić należy jednak, że rozporządzenia wydawane przez Min. Zdr. w szczególności określające ograniczenia praw i wolności obywateli w celu zapobiegania zakażeniom wirusem SARS-CoV. zostały wydane z przekroczeniem delegacji ustawowej określonej w postanowieniach art. 46a i art. 46b pkt 1-6 i 8-13 ustawy o zapobieganiu oraz zwalczaniu zakażeń. Oceniając pozostałą działalność Min. Zdr. m.in. komunikaty, wytyczne oraz zalecenia należy stwierdzić, że jest przejawem działalności informacyjnej kierowanej przez Min.Zdr do podmiotów w celu przekazania informacji lub też zasad mających na celu zapobieganie i zwalczanie chorób zakaźnych i epidemii. Kompetencja Min. Zdr. określona w art. 42 ustawy o zapobieganiu oraz zwalczaniu zakażeń, co do zlecania w drodze umowy realizacji zadań z zakresu ochrony zdrowia przed zakażeniami i chorobami zakaźnymi nie jest wystarczająca w celu zapewnienia jednostkom bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego. Kierowanie do pracy przy zwalczaniu epidemii przez Min. Zdr. w zasadzie każdego, kto jest niezbędny do jej zwalczania jest środkiem wykorzystywanym przez Min. Zdr. do zapewnienia jednostkom bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego.
Wpływ nowelizacji art. 313 Kodeksu postępowania karnego na zwiększenie skuteczności pociągania do odpowiedzialności sprawców wykroczeń skarbowych
Authors: Kurzyński Michał
Published: December 2024

Celem publikacji jest próba przeanalizowania nowelizacji art. 313 § 1 k.p.k. i jej wpływu na postępowanie karne skarbowe w sprawach o wykroczenia skarbowe. Autor publikacji stara się wskazać, że zmiany w przepisach będą miały istotny wpływ na zwiększenie skuteczności finansowych organów postępowania przygotowawczego w zakresie ilości postępowań w sprawach o wykroczenia skarbowe w stosunku do których ze względu na upływający termin na wszczęcie postępowania i dotychczasowe regulacje dochodziło do braku możliwości postawienia zarzutu sprawcy a tym samym obowiązku umorzenia postępowania ze względu na stwierdzenie przedawnienia karalności.
Odpowiedzialność zawodowa ratowników medycznych – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Łozińska-Piekarska Agnieszka , Dąbrowski Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Autorzy analizują nowe regulacje dotyczące odpowiedzialności zawodowej ratowników medycznych wprowadzone ustawą z dnia 1 grudnia 2022 r. Początki konstytuowania się zawodu ratownika medycznego sięgają lat 90. XX w., przez wiele lat nie był on jednak odpowiednio uregulowany prawnie. Nowa ustawa, będąca odpowiedzią na zgłaszane od wielu lat postulaty środowiska, wprowadza kompleksowe rozwiązania, obejmujące np. utworzenie samorządu zawodowego ratowników medycznych oraz precyzyjne uregulowanie ich odpowiedzialności zawodowej. Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest analiza wpływu tych regulacji na odpowiedzialność zawodową ratowników. Autorzy wskazują, że nowe przepisy podnoszą standardy etyczne i prawne w zawodzie, ale dla pełnego wdrożenia wymagają dalszych działań legislacyjnych. Mimo że ustawa obowiązuje od ponad roku, nie udało się jeszcze w pełni zorganizować samorządu zawodowego. Wprowadzenie nowych regulacji było krokiem w dobrym kierunku, jednak pełne wdrożenie i efektywne funkcjonowanie tych regulacji wymaga dalszych modyfikacji i intensyfikacji prac legislacyjnych oraz aktywnego zaangażowania ratowników medycznych.
Prawo do sądu jako prawo podstawowe człowieka. Uwagi na tle prerogatyw prezydenckich
Authors: Jędrzejczak Maria
Published: December 2024

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę wyłączenia prawa do sądu w zakresie rozstrzygnięć wydawanych w ramach prerogatyw prezydenckich na przykładzie postanowień dotyczących nadania obywatelstwa polskiego oraz wyrażenia zgody na jego zrzeczenie się. Wskazano, że Prezydent RP – podejmując rozstrzygnięcia w sprawach indywidualnych w ramach prerogatyw – działa jako organ administracyjny. W odniesieniu do tych sytuacji nie powinna być a priori wykluczana jakakolwiek kontrola. Aktualny stan prawny w oczywisty sposób narusza regulacje prawa międzynarodowego, unijnego, jak i Konstytucję RP przez wyłączenie prawa do sądu. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie o to, jakie można przyjąć rozwiązanie, aby prerogatywy prezydenckie nie naruszały prawa jednostki do sądu. Analiza została przeprowadzona z zastosowaniem metody dogmatycznoprawnej oraz prawnoporównawczej. Podjęto również próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czy sądy administracyjne mogłyby zacząć kontrolować rozstrzygnięcia podjęte w jednostkowych sprawach w ramach prerogatyw prezydenckich. W ramach postulatów de lege ferenda wskazano, że prerogatywy Prezydenta RP – w zakresie, w którym bezpośrednio wpływają na sytuację prawną jednostki – powinny zostać poddane określonym w artykule ograniczeniom prawnym albo – sugerując się rozwiązaniem przyjętym we francuskim systemie prawnym – powinna zostać wyłączona możliwość ingerowania w formie prerogatyw w sytuację prawną jednostki.
Turist rehberlerinin iş (tur) alma biçimleri
Authors: Türkmen Serkan , Özcan Bahar
Published: December 2024

Turist rehberliği turizmin gelişmesiyle birlikte her geçen gün önemini arttıran bir meslek haline gelmiştir. Turist rehberleri yaşadıkları ülkeyi en iyi şekilde temsil etmekte ve turistlerin tatil deneyim kalitesini en üst seviyede yaşamalarını sağlamaktadırlar. Turistlerin ziyaret süreleri boyunca onlarla birebir hizmetlerde bulunan turist rehberleri, sağlamış oldukları performans ile turist memnuniyetini etkilemekte, bu durum da turist ağırlayan ülkelerin ve işletmelerin hem tanıtılmasında hem de yeniden tercih edilmesinde aktif rol oynamaktadır. Ancak turizm sektörü için büyük öneme ve niteliğe sahip olan turist rehberlerinin iş bulma konusunda zorluk çekmeleri erken dönemde sektörden uzaklaşmalarına ve mesleği terk etmelerine sebep olmaktadır. Bu durum sürdürülebilir rekabetin sağlanması için deneyimli ve kalifiye rehberlerin sektör içerisinde kalmasına engel olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Çanakkale Bölgesel Turist Rehberleri Odası’na (ÇARO) kayıtlı turist rehberlerinin iş (tur) alma biçimlerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu araştırmada veri toplamak için yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplam 9 rehber ile görüşülmüştür. Bu bağlamda turist rehberlerinin tur almasındaki zorluklar ve kolaylıklar tespit edilmiştir. Bu görüşmeler sonucunda özellikle çalışma kartını yeni almış rehberlerin tur bulma konusunda zorluk çektikleri ve meslekte yeni oldukları için sürekli taban altı tur ücreti tekliflerine maruz kaldığı anlaşılmıştır.
DETERMINATION OF LEARNING NEEDS OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT SURGERY AT DISCHARGE
Authors: Ceyhan Emel , Cengiz Açıl Hande
Published: December 2024

Objective: In order to prevent negativities such as continuous hospitalizations and related infections after total knee prosthesis (TKP) surgery discharge, the discharge training to be given must meet the needs of the patient. In this context, this study was planned to determine the learning needs of patients who underwent TKP surgery at discharge.
Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 60 patients aged 18 and over who had undergone total knee replacement surgery in the orthopedic service of a Training and Research Hospital and agreed to participate in the study. Patients were interviewed in the postoperative period using the Personal Data Form and the Patient Learning Needs Scale (PLNS).
Results: The average age of the patients who underwent surgery was 65.03±6.88 and the average BMI was 29.58±3.52.While the average length of hospital stay(days) was 5.30±1.69, 78.3% were women and 88.3% underwent spinal anesthesia. All patients and caregivers received discharge training on home care. The patient PLNS score is 168.90±32.34.It was observed that the highest importance level score among the patients' scale subgroups was treatment and complications.
Conclusion: The learning needs of the patients were found to be moderately important. It was determined that the importance levels of patient education needs were higher for those with spinal anesthesia, those with primary school education or higher, those who were single, and those whose income was less than their expenses. It was observed that the importance levels of the feelings about the situation and treatment complications sub-dimensions of the PLNS were higher in those who had not had surgery before than in those who had surgery. Since the group undergoing TKP surgery is generally in the older age group, nurses need to have a good command of the body systematics for the older age group while providing care and communicating with the patient.
Una visión jesuita y novohispana de la muerte. Reflexiones sobre el sermón y las honras fúnebres del padre Francisco Javier Lazcano (1762)
Authors:   CEINDO-Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Valero Orti Adrián , Munguía Ochoa Laura ,   Universidad Panamericana
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the concept of death in 18th-century New Spain through the study of the funeral honors and sermon of the Jesuit Francisco Javier Lazcano. From a theological and sociocultural perspective, it highlights the values and beliefs conveyed by the Society of Jesus, which influenced both education and the Novohispanic elites. This approach reveals how Jesuit funeral practices not only reflected the precepts of the Council of Trent but also operated as mechanisms of social and spiritual cohesion in a historical context marked by the tension between religious orthodoxy and the dawn of Enlightenment modernity. The article contributes to understanding the dynamics between religion, death, and society, emphasizing the role of the funeral sermon as a pedagogical and doctrinal tool.