bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización molecular de carbapenemasas en bacilos gramnegativos circulantes en hospitales de Paraguay. Primer cuatrimestre 2021.
Authors: Melgarejo-Touchet Nancy , Brítez Cristina Mariel , Busignani Sofía , Falcón Miryan , López Evelyn , Laconich Marcela , Blasco Raquel , Arguello Rocío , Kawabata Anibal , Olmedo Martin , Rojas Carolina , González Marta , Salinas Juana , Abreu Karina , Pereira Jazmín , Mereles Eva , Martínez Mario
Published: September 2021

La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM), representa un grave problema por el uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos de amplio espectro. En nuestro país, durante el primer cuatrimestre del año, se observó un aumento inusual en el número de aislamiento de gérmenes multirresistentes, sobre todo de bacilos gramnegativos, los cuales fueron remitidos al laboratorio de referencia con el objetivo de caracterizar los genes de resistencia a los carbapenemes. Estudio observacional y prospectivo de corte transversal en 456 aislamientos de bacilos gramnegativos provenientes de 11 centros colaboradores de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia de la RAM, remitidos al Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública entre enero y abril de 2021, para la detección molecular (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple) de los genes de resistencia enzimática bla OXA-51, bla OXA-23, bla OXA-24, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-58, bla NDM, bla KPC, bla IMP, bla VIM. Trescientos sesenta correspondieron a bacilos gramnegativos no fermentadores: 346 Acinetobacter baumannii y 14 Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 96 fueron miembros de Enterobacterales, siendo prevalente Klebsiella pneumoniae (81). Todos los aislamientos de Acinetobacter baumanni resultaron ser productores de carbapenemasas: OXA-23 (94%), NDM (4%), NMD+OXA-58 (2%); en Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7 de los 14 aislamientos (50%) fueron portadores de metalobetalactamasa del genotipo NDM (100%). Los genotipos NDM (92%) y KPC (8%) fueron confirmados en Enterobacterales. La resistencia plasmídica a carbapenemes es endémica en nuestro país, siendo prevalentes los genotipos OXA-23 en Acinetobacter baumannii y NDM en Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Enterobacterales.
Epidemiologia de los casos de COVID - 19 diagnosticados en albergues sanitarios del gran Asunción, Paraguay (2020)
Authors: Ramos Pasionaria , Silva Elder , Canese Jorge , Velázquez Gladys
Published: September 2021

Paraguay habilitó albergues sanitarios para que guarden cuarentena las personas venidas del exterior, como medida para evitar la propagación de casos de COVI-19. El objetivo fue describir las características epidemiológicas de los casos de COVID-19 diagnosticados en los albergues sanitarios en el Gran Asunción desde el 7 de marzo al 30 de setiembre. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, temporalmente retrospectivo. El muestreo fue no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Las variables de los casos confirmados fueron, sexo, edad y distritos. Fueron utilizados datos de acceso abierto del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Para análisis estadístico de las variables fueron incluidas frecuencias, expresadas como porcentajes, para lo cual fue utilizado el programa Excel. Se diagnosticaron 390 casos en el Gran Asunción. El mayor número de casos se registró en agosto (118 casos). El 69,2% (270) de los casos en el Gran Asunción fue del sexo masculino, relación hombre/mujer de 2,3. El 34,9% (136) tenía edades entre 20 a 29 años, (promedio 33.8±16,14, IC95% 2,2- 65,5). El 80% (310) del total se presentó en menores de 50 años. Las ciudades con mayor cantidad de casos fueron Asunción (46,2%, 180) y los Distritos de Luque (8,7%, 34); Ñemby (6,4%, 25) y Capiatá (5,1%,20). Las características epidemiológicas presentadas son las esperadas, dado el perfil sociodemográfico de estas ciudades.
Subgrid snow depth coefficient of variation spanning alpine to sub-alpine mountainous terrain
Authors: Sexstone Graham A. , Fassnacht Steven R. , López-Moreno Juan I. , Hiemstra Christopher A.
Published: September 2021

Given the substantial variability of snow in complex mountainous terrain, a considerable challenge of coarse scale modeling applications is accurately representing the subgrid variability of snowpack properties. The snow depth coefficient of variation (CVds) is a useful metric for characterizing subgrid snow distributions but has not been well defined by a parameterization for mountainous environments. This study utilizes lidar-derived snow depth datasets spanning alpine to sub-alpine mountainous terrain in Colorado, USA to evaluate the variability of subgrid snow distributions within a grid size comparable to a 1000 m resolution common for hydrologic and land surface models. The subgrid CVds exhibited a wide range of variability across the 321 km2 study area (0.15 to 2.74) and was significantly greater in alpine areas compared to subalpine areas. Mean snow depth was the dominant driver of CVds variability in both alpine and subalpine areas, as CVds decreased nonlinearly with increasing snow depths. This negative correlation is attributed to the static size of roughness elements (topography and canopy) that strongly influence seasonal snow variability. Subgrid CVds was also strongly related to topography and forest variables; important drivers of CVds included the subgrid variability of terrain exposure to wind in alpine areas and the mean and variability of forest metrics in subalpine areas. Two statistical models were developed (alpine and subalpine) for predicting subgrid CVds that show reasonable performance statistics. The methodology presented here can be used for characterizing the variability of CVds in snow-dominated mountainous regions, and highlights the utility of using lidar-derived snow datasets for improving model representations of snow processes.
Exclusive transabdominal trans-amniotic approach for chorionic villus sampling in posterior placenta: a novel approach for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders
Authors: Patel B. I. , Patel Saumil , Patel Nisha
Published: September 2021

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate role and safety of transabdominal trans-amniotic approach for Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders.Methods: Retrospective analytical study carried out on data form couples coming for pre-natal diagnosis from January 2010 to February 2021. Patient related parameters like age, gestational age; procedure related parameters like amount of sample, number of attempts required; different genetic disorder diagnosed and complications by both the approaches of CVS were recorded and analyzed.Results: Total 2287 patients undergoing CVS with mean age of 27±3.3 years were included. Majority (1621;70.9%) had CVS procedure at gestational age of 12-14 weeks. On analyzing physician’s perception, 663 (29%) patients having complete posterior placenta could not be accessible with routine trans-abdominal CVS and opted for trans-amniotic approach. Amount of sample yield and number of attempts were not statistically significant (p>0.05) by both methods of CVS. Thalassemia major was found in 948 (41.45%) followed by thalassemia minor in 525 (22.96%) patients. No statistically significant difference was found for developing complications by both the methods (p>0.05). Most common complication was pain and discomfort which was relieved by simple analgesics. Out of total 17 (0.74%) abortions; 13 (0.80%) from routine transabdominal and 4 (0.60%) from trans-amniotic route CVS with no statistically significant difference among them (p>0.05). No case of post procedure infection was observed.Conclusions: In complete posterior placenta CVS procedures usually postponed by most physicians leading to delay in diagnosis of genetic disorders. The novel method transabdominal trans-amniotic approach for CVS is effective and safe in skilled hands and can help in early prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders.
A knowledge, attitude, and practice study to identify factors associated with refusal of post-partum sterilization
Authors: Tapasvi Isha , Rajora Parveen , Grover Seema
Published: September 2021

Background: Aim of the study was to identify awareness among parturient women about the advantages of postpartum sterilization and common factors associated with its refusal. This study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot. A cross-sectional study in women who delivered between August 2020 and March 2021 and gave consent. Methods: A total of 200 patients who refused postpartum sterilization were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection included a questionnaire to assess their knowledge for this procedure and the reasons for refusal, age, socio-economic status, education status, occupation of head of family, family income, awareness of advantages and disadvantages and also prevalence of various misconceptions.Results: The 38 cases (19%) of refusals were of 20-24 years age group with maximum incidence 38.5% in 25-29 years. The chief reason for refusal was the desired chance for male child in next pregnancy resulting in maximum refusals 143 out of 200 (72%). Socioeconomic factors, educational background and work profile of the patients and family members also had influence in the decision of refusal. There were certain misconceptions in relation to refusals with almost 90% gave no preference to vasectomy, possibility of weight gain in 51%, disturbance in carrying daily work routine in 84%.Conclusions: This study suggests need of better counselling by the healthcare workers to implement small family norm which in turn can aid to reduce maternal mortalities.
Prevalence of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia among immunophenotypically categorised acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia cases
Authors: Gupta Monika , Devi Pinki , Bishley Anjali , Kataria Sant Prakash , Sen Rajeev
Published: September 2021

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common hematopoietic malignancy in childhood, comprising of B-cell lineage (85%) and T-cell lineage (15%). Recent studies have identified a subtype of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) termed “early T-cell precursors (ETP)” recognised as a new provisional entity in 2016 update to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of acute leukaemia, early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is characterized by a unique immunophenotype and genetic profile and its origin has been found to be from migration of cells from thymus to bone marrow. Hence, our study aims at reporting the prevalence of ETP-ALL among immunophenotypically categorised acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia cases. Present work is a retrospective observation of acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemias and reporting ETP-ALL cases seen during the period of over two years (from August 2018 to August 2020) received for flowcytometry in the department of Pathology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana. Peripheral blood showed features of acute leukemia and immunophenotyping was performed. Fourteen cases were received for flowcytometry showing features of acute leukemia and immunophenotyping was performed revealing two ETP-ALL cases with positivity for cytCD3, CD7 (T-cell markers), HLA-DR, CD13 (myeloid marker-aberrant expression), sCD34, CD117 (stem cell markers), CD19 (B-cell marker) and dim expression of CD45. This study is a supportive data for immunophenotypic identification of ETP-ALL cases in centres where genetic study and other ancillary techniques are not available. It needs to be differentiated from non ETP-ALLs as this entity has been reported to show treatment failure with the treatment modalities for non ETP-ALLs.
A systematic review of autopsy findings in COVID 19: The road ahead
Authors: Faizal Felice , Kapoor Umesh , Nambiar Balachandra
Published: September 2021

Autopsy data on the COVID 19 is scarce and has left a gap in understanding the disease process. This study attempts to review the available data gleamed from the limited autopsies performed worldwide which would help in guiding future treatment protocols.

A literature search was undertaken using PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Google search engines for original and review articles. Studies that mentioned autopsy and COVID-19 were included. Findings from a total of 16 studies mentioning 139 autopsies in confirmed cases of COVID 19 were analysed. The most common features in fatal cases has been cough followed by progressive dyspnoea. Fatal cases show a predominance in the elderly age group, male gender and individuals with blood type A.

Autopsy findings in various organs have been described with the prominent feature being Diffuse alveolar damage and microthrombii formation in the lung. Massive pulmonary embolism and Deep vein thrombosis seem to be overlooked features in the fatal cases.

Complement mediated destruction is a potential pathogenetic mechanism suggested by C4d and C5b-9 deposition in the skin lesions and lung capillaries.

To conclude, Prophylactic dose of low molecular weight heparin, chest CT and serial D-dimer levels are recommended in all patients with suspected COVID 19 admitted to the hospital.

The demonstration of complement mediated injury to various tissues also suggest a role of anti-complement therapy to improve patient outcomes.

Detailed autopsy studies are required to evaluate the pathology of COVID 19 in various organs to understand the disease process better
Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical markers in Primary CNS lymphomas
Authors: Ramachandran Nair Indu , Phalak Pooja , Mangalath Rajamma Bindhu , Pradeep Aiswarya , Retnathankom Ayyadurai , M Jose Wesley
Published: September 2021

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of extra nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma that is typically conﬁned to the brain, spinal cord, lepto meninges and eyes. We studied the clinico pathological features of PCNSLs, immuno histochemical (IHC) markers expressed and the association of morphological features & IHC markers with clinical outcome.

30 cases of primary CNS lymphomas were studied. 25 cases were diffuse large B cell lymphomas, which were sub classified using Hans algorithm into GCB and non-GCB. The IHC markers done were CD20, CD3, BCL2, BCL6, MUM-1, CD10 and c-myc. Mean proliferation index Ki was 80%. Follow up and survival data was collected and the association of each IHC marker and subtype with prognosis was assessed.

PCNSL forms around 2% of all lymphomas as well as primary CNS tumours. Non GCB type is more common (72%). Mean overall survival was 9.7 months. Ki-67 index of 80% or more is the only independent variable of prognostic significance. None of the other IHC markers or sub typing had any influence on the outcome.
Observational study on serum markers and circulating tumor cells in ovarian cancer
Authors: Jaiswal Riddhi , Tripathi Piyush , Venkatesh Vimala , Gupta Pravesh
Published: September 2021

1) To detect Cyclophilin, APC and SFRP5 genes associated with Epithelial ovarian cancer by PCR. 2) To study and compare the prognostic and diagnostic efficacy of serological markers like Ca 125 and HE4 and their correlation with epithelial/ non epithelial ovarian neoplasms.

Comparative observational study, Prospective study

64 cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria and giving their consent for inclusion in the study were enrolled as subjects of the present study over a period of one year. After DNA extraction (Invitrogen mini kit, USA) conventional PCR to amplify the extracted DNA and further subjected them to agarose gel electrophoresis for the identification(expression) of 3 genes i.e Cyclophillin, APC and SFRP5, was done; However, none expressed.

ELISA was used to assess CA125 and HE4 pre and post surgical intervention.

The serum markers were raised more in malignant epithelial ovarian cancer cases and levels plummeted after surgical intervention, as compared to benign masses.

We could not establish correlation of the genes’ expression with the serum markers and histopathology.

Combining HE4 and CA125 both might be more helpful than either of them using alone, in diagnosing as well as prognosticating ovarian diseases.

A panel of multiple genes on a larger sample size may be needed for CTC detection.

Early detection of ovarian tumors leads to early diagnosis and hence early institution of intervention and hence decreased morbidity and mortality.
Fibrocartilagenous dysplasia in distal femur: A rare histopathological finding
Authors: Mishra Shilpa , Rajiv Patkar Rakesh , Neelakantan Amrita
Published: September 2021

Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (FCD) or massive cartilaginous differentiation in fibrous dysplasia are interchangeably used terms. It is a rare variant of fibrous dysplasia (FD) which is benign, lytic, and expansile bone lesion and causes progressive deformity in the bones and may lead to pathological fracture. Radiologically, FCD may confused with cartilaginous benign and malignant bone tumours. FCD usually shows calcification in imaging. Surgical curettage or corrective osteotomy and histopathological examination of these lesions is necessary to differentiate it from other cartilaginous tumours. Here we report case of fibrocartilaginous dysplasia of distal femur in a 4-year-old male child.
Women’s Preference for Cosmesis of Incisions Used for Open Versus Robotic Lower Urinary Tract Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Hina Dr Saddaf , Alhasso Ammar , Granitsiotis Paraskeve
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE: To compare the cosmetic appeal of incisions used for open (Pfannenstiel or Vertical midline) versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic lower urinary tract reconstructive surgery in women.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study

PLACE AND DURATION: Outpatient Urology Clinic of Western General Hospital, Edinburgh Scotland, UK from 1st February 2019 till 28th February 2020.  

METHODS:  All patients were provided illustrations of Pfannenstiel incision (incision at “bikini line”- (A), Vertical midline laparotomy incision (incision from midline symphysis to umbilicus –( B), Robotic-assisted laparoscopic incisions-variation I- (C) and Robotic-assisted laparoscopic incisions-variation II (-D). Patients were asked to rate each incision in order of their preference. Chi square distribution was used to compare mean previous surgeries and no previous surgeries between different preferred incisional groups and ages of the patients.

RESULTS: One hundred patients with mean age were 53.11±15.05 years with minimum 19 years and maximum 84 years and mean BMI was 28.18±7.05 kg/m2 with minimum 15.6 and maximum 55 kg/m2 calculated. Out of 100 patients (1st preference of incision), 78% preferred incision A, 3% preferred B incision and 16% & 3% patients preferred incision C and D respectively. Similarly (2nd preference of incision) 3% patients preferred incision A, 19% preferred B incision and 56% & 22% patients preferred incision C and D respectively. The mean comparison between first preferred incision with second preferred incision with respect of surgeries (previous surgeries and no previous surgeries) showed significant difference p≤0.05 (chi value=167.692, p=0.000). Relation of preferred incisions with respect to ages of the patients showed no significant difference (Pearson relation value -0.182 and p=0.069).

CONCLUSION: Overall, open incisions were preferred over robotic incisions. Patient perception of the "visibility" of abdominal incisions and previous experience in term of surgical scars may be the distinguishing issue to explain the difference in the preferences between open versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic incisions in women.
“Evaluation of Urosepsis and Bacteriuria in Patients Undergoing PCNL and URS”
Authors: Biswas Bivash Boran , Malakar Mousumi , Shahid Sazzad Bin , Hossain Sayem , Islam Khan Nazrul , Quadir SA Anwarul
Published: September 2021

Urosepsis usually develops from a community or nosocomial acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) or during the procedure of various urinary disease such ureterorenoscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Urosepsis is associated with bacteriuria, Urosepsis due to manipulation during or after percuteneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or ureterorenoscopy (URS) or push bang stenting can be catastrophic despite prophylactie antibiotic coverage. This cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of July 2011 to June 2013. Sampling technique was purposive and sample size was 70. Among them 23 patients for PCNL and 47 patients for URS were selected by selection criteria. Data were collected by interview of the patients, clinical examinations and laboratory investigations using the research instrument. Data were processed and analyzed using software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5. Incidence of bacteriuria and urosepsis were measured according to urine and blood culture report. Sensitivity pattern was also observed. According to this study, the incidence of bacteriuria and urosepsis were 17.1% and 5.7% respectively, Of the 70 patients, 12(17.1%) exhibited bacterial growth on urine culture, These 12 patients were then subjected to blood culture and 4(33.3%) of them were found positive. Most (83.4%) of the urine and blood infections (75%) were caused by E. coli. Some widely used antibiotics like moxicillin, Cephalexin and Ciprofloxacin were found 100% resistant in urine culture. Few sensitive antibiotics were Tobramycin (100 %), Amikacin and Ceftazidime (75%). Almost same sensitivity pattern was found in blood culture. In urosepsis, as in other types of sepsis. Urosepsis after PCNL and URS is an important and potentially catastrophic complication. Percuteneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), Ureterorenoscopy (URS) occurs frequently in this institution. Although the incidence of urosepsis and bacteriuria with resistant organism is low, but it is a burning issue in management in urology practice. The apparent increase in ciprofloxacin resistant organisms appears to be associated with the increased rate of ciprofloxacin resistant organisms are observed in the general population.
“Comparing Locking Compression Plate with Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate For the Treatment of Adult Diaphyseal Both Bone Forearm Fractures”
Authors: Hossain Md. Akter , Misty Mahmuda Khan , Chanda Palash Kumar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The human forearm serves an important role in upper extremity function, facilitating placement of the hand in space, thus helping to provide the upper extremity with its unique mobility Fractures involving the bones of forearm present unique problem not encountered with fractures of other long bones.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the outcomes of locking compression plate (LCP) with limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) for the treatment of adult diaphyseal both bone forearm fractures.

Material and Methods: This study conducted in the Department of orthopedics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2018 to December 2020 included 20 patients with 40 fractures in each group. Patients were selected randomly to receive either LCP (20 patients, 40 fractures) or LC-DCP (20 patients, 40 fractures). Operative time, callus formation, functional outcome and complications were recorded.

Results: Mean operative time did not differ significantly in the LCP and LC-DCP group (71.25 and 75.70 minutes respectively) .There was some difference in callus formation and mean time to bone union between the two groups which was significant. However, overall functional outcome did not differ significantly between both the groups. One case had delayed union in the (LC-DCP) group while one patient in each group developed superficial infection.

Conclusion: In this prospective study comparing LCP with LC-DCP, the outcomes were equal in terms of final functional outcomes and mean operating time but LCP showed slight advantage in terms of callus formation and mean time to bone union.
Current Tread in Ear Syringing In Enugu
Authors: Anekpo Chijioke c. , Onuorah Akpeh James
Published: September 2021

Background:

Ear syringing is a clinical procedure mostly seen in ear, nose and throat (ENT) clinics.  It involves irrigating the external auditory canal with normal saline at body temperature.  The air of this study is to highlight the current trend in ear syringing in a tertiary health institution in Enugu, South East Nigeria.

Method:

This was a prospective study of all patients that were managed for ear syringing in the ENT clinic of Enugu State University of Sciences and Technology, Teaching Hospital Park Lane, Enugu over a period of one year (January to December 2019)

Result:

A total of 211 patients consisting of 97males and 120 females with M:F ratio of 1:1:3 were seen.  The ages of the patients ranged from below 1-85years. The indications for ear syringing were cerumen auris 142 patients (67.3%), Otomycosis 57 patients (27.7%) and foreign bodies in the ear (FB ear) 12patients (5.7%).  Ear syringing was done in the right ear (19.4%), left ear (24.6%) and both ear (55.9%).  Most of the syringing were done by the ENT trained nurses in the clinic.  No complication occurred during the period of study.

Conclusion:

Current trend in ear syringing in Enugu involves the use of economic ear syringe Kits, training and retraining of nurses in the ENT clinic and application of ceruminolytic agents prior to syringing.
“Efficacy and Safety of Deferasirox in Pediatric Thalassemia Patients: Experience from a Tertiary Care Children Hospital of Bangladesh”
Authors: Hossain Belayet , Man Selimuzza , Chowdhury Banu Nilufer Akhter , Wahab Abdul
Published: September 2021

Background: Thalassemia is an inherited hemoglobin disorder; mostly require life-long blood transfusions, leading to chronic iron overload which causes growth failure, delayed sexual development in adolescents and vital organ dysfunctions. So, children with thalassemia need lifelong iron chelation therapy. Hence, this study conducted with the aim of to evaluate efficacy and safety of Deferasirox in pediatric thalassemia patients.

Materials and methods: This is an observational, prospective, single-centered hospital-based study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from June 2018 to December 2019. Total sixty children (age 2-18 years) with beta thalassemia major and hemoglobin E beta thalassemia with iron overload were enrolled to commence deferasirox. Efficacy and safety we observed by measuring serum ferritin three monthly and SGPT, SGOT & serum creatinine monthly.

Results: The serum ferritin level of 72% patients reduced significantly after 12 months in comparison to baseline level. There was no serious adverse effect except mild abdominal pain, nausea & vomiting and transaminitis.

Conclusion: Deferasirox is efficacious in reducing iron overload of the body when administer at optimum dose over at least one year and presenting a safe as well as convenient alternative for most of the transfusion dependent pediatric thalassemia patients.
HEAT-RESISTANT COBALT-BASED ALLOYS
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Mazalov P.B. , Suhov D.I. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Sulyanova E.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Mazalov I.S. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: September 2021

Cobalt-based alloys are widely used for manufacturing of various components of gas turbine engines and gas turbines such as vanes and combustion chambers both in wrought state and as cast parts. They have been designed for improving the heat resistance due to solid solution and carbide-strengthening mechanisms. In order to obtain satisfactory oxidation resistance and hot corrosion resistance cobalt-based alloys are doped with sufficient amount of chromium (above 15 % wt.). Recently additive manufacturing has started to use cobalt-based alloys. The paper considers the features of the structure of high-temperature cobalt-based alloys and their application in various branches of industry.
Análise, Projeto e Implementação de um Conversor com Transferência de Energia Sem Fio para Carregadores de Baterias de Veículos Elétricos
Authors: Carneiro Filipe T. , Barbi Ivo
Published: September 2021

Com a crescente demanda por veículos elétricos, o desenvolvimento tecnológico dos carregadores de baterias se tornou uma necessidade. A transferência de energia sem fio por acoplamento indutivo se mostra uma técnica promissora por tornar os carregadores de bateria mais convenientes e seguros aos usuários. Dos diversos conversores propostos para a transferência de energia indutiva, a topologia Série-série (SS) foi selecionada devido às suas características desejáveis para essa aplicação. Apesar de ser uma topologia muito reportada na bibliografia, a modelagem dinâmica desse conversor considerando todos os seus componentes ainda não foi apresentada. Neste trabalho o método da transformada de Laplace com variável modulada foi utilizado para realizar a modelagem dinâmica orientada ao controle do conversor considerando todos os seus estágios. Também são apresentadas a análise e a metodologia de projeto da topologia SS para a construção de um protótipo. O conversor projetado foi implementado e testado em laboratório com carga resistiva, onde alcançou-se uma eficiência máxima de 89,3% e foi observada uma boa robustez do controle projetado a partir do modelo obtido.
Aplicação de Módulo Semicondutores Híbridos em Acionamentos Elétricos
Authors: Pongelupe Fábio A. , Cupertino Allan F. , Pereira Heverton A.
Published: September 2021

Módulos semicondutores híbridos consistem em dispositivos que combinam interruptores de silício com interruptores de algum material semicondutor de larga banda proibida (do inglês, wide band gap (WBG)), proporcionando a obtenção de soluções com um melhor custo benefício. Esta abordagem permite estender os limites da tecnologia baseada em silício, proporcionando um custo mais competitivo do que os módulos baseados exclusivamente em materiais WBG. Este artigo propõe uma metodologia de seleção de interruptores para compor um par híbrido formado por um Si-IGBT e um SiC-MOSFET, os quais são utilizados para acionar um motor de indução de 440 V e 300 HP. Dentre as combinações analisadas, foram escolhidas duas soluções híbridas com potencial de redução de perdas, as quais são comparadas com as soluções Si e SiC de mesma corrente disponíveis no mercado. As comparações são feitas a partir de um perfil de operação diário real de acionamento elétrico de um exaustor. Os resultados demonstraram uma potencial redução de perdas energéticas diárias de 45% em relação aos módulos originais de silício, além de apresentar um custo inicial intermediário entre as soluções baseadas em Si-IGBT e SiC-MOSFET.
Simulation of a downhole jet-vortex pump’s working process
Authors:   Department of Oil and Gas Machines and Equipment, Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Panevnyk Denis
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the theoretical study of the operation process of the borehole ejection system as part of the tubing string, jet pump and packer installed below; the system implements the hydrojet method of oil well operation. The improved design of the jet pump contains inclined guiding elements placed in its receiving chamber for swirling the injected flow, which results in an increase in the efficiency of the borehole ejection system. Based on the law of conservation of liquid momentum in the mixing chamber of the jet pump and taking into account the inertial pressure component caused by the swirling of the injected flow, there is obtained the relative form of the equation of the ejection system pressure characteristic, the structure of which contains a component that determines the value of the additional dynamic head. According to the results obtained, the additional dynamic head caused by swirling of the injected flow is determined by the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the flow path of the jet pump, the angle of inclination of the elements for creating vortex flows, and the ratio of the power and reservoir fluids. In the case of asymmetric swirling of the injected flow, an increase in the value of the relative displacement of the jet pump decreases the value of the additional dynamic pressure. In order to study the effect of flow swirling on the energy characteristic of the ejection system, the pressure characteristic of the jet pump was transformed into the dependence of its efficiency on the injection coefficient. Jet pump models with the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the mixing chamber and the nozzle of 5.012 and 6.464, respectively, were used to check the adequacy of the theoretical pressure and energy characteristics obtained during the simulation of the performance process of the concentric ejection system. The average error in the theoretical determination of the pressure and efficiency of the vortex jet does not exceed 8.65% and 6.48%, respectively.
Prawne uwarunkowania rewitalizacji w Polsce
Authors: Wojnarowska Anna
Published: September 2021

Autorka poświęca ten artykuł problemowi braku ustawy o rewitalizacji lub jednoznacznego włączenia problematyki rewitalizacji w inne ustawy, przede wszystkim w ustawę o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym, która w istotnym stopniu przyczynia się do tego, iż proces rewitalizacji nie nabrał w naszym kraju właściwego tempa i rozmiarów. Jednocześnie autorka zwraca uwagę, że wiele samorządów terytorialnych miast polskich opracowuje programy rewitalizacyjne i pomimo trudności organizacyjnych i finansowych przystępuje do ich realizacji.
Humanizacja powojennych osiedli mieszkaniowych
Authors: Kozłowski Stanisław
Published: September 2021

Autor poświęcił swój artykuł polskim osiedlom wybudowanym po zakończeniu II wojny światowej, głównie w latach sześćdziesiątych. Zwrócił uwagę na ich niedostosowanie do współczesnych standardów oraz do ich nieatrakcyjnej lokalizacji. Przytoczył przykłady ich modernizacji oraz zmian, które można wprowadzić podczas rewitalizacji kolejnych tego typu osiedli.
Lecturers' accounts of their curriculum practices at a university of technology
Authors: Norodien-Fataar Najwa
Published: September 2021

This article focuses on lectures’ accounts of their curriculum practices at a University of Technology (UoT). Based on semi-structured interviews with lecturers, it examines their engagement with the curriculum and the practices they adopt to ensure student learning. I draw on Bourdieu’s (1990) concepts of field, reflexivity, illusio and doxa to highlight the lecturers’ ability to negotiate the university’s field and the reflexive stances they adopt to change and adapt their teaching practices. The article highlights the importance of cultivating reflexivity in academic staff development programmes and the need to strengthen lecturers’ reflexivity at UoTs. The article’s findings show the tension lecturers experience between teaching and research and the subordinate role of research in their curriculum practices. The article discusses the lecturers’ commitment to the curriculum’s values and shows that these factors were crucial in developing lecturer agency and reflexivity. The lecturers’ beliefs about their teaching and pedagogical strategies they utilised are discussed as a part of their curriculum practices. These were critical in establishing their agency and in producing innovative curriculum practices. My research shows the significance of utilising information communication technologies (ICTs) by the lecturers as a pedagogical strategy in the enactment of the curriculum.
Faculty familiarity with inclusive practices for students with learning disabilities at Najran University
Authors: Alqarni Turki Mahdi
Published: September 2021

Inclusive practices are essential determinants of academic success for students with learning disabilities (LD) in university education. The current study examined the familiarity of faculty members with inclusive practices for students with LD in a university in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A quantitative survey design was employed with 264 faculty members who had inadequate familiarity with inclusive practices for students with LD. Differences were noted in the inclusive practices provided to the students as Saudi faculty members were inadequately familiar with instructional, classroom and assignment practices. The study also showed that Saudi faculty members were unfamiliar with examination practices provided to students with LD. Demographic variables showed statistically insignificant differences in Saudi university education. Implications and suggestions for future research were also highlighted.
“Skoolleierskap en die skep van produktiewe leerruimtes in skole”
Authors: Jacobs Lynette
Published: September 2021

This Afrikaans book, which stems from the first author, Johann Burger’s, doctoral study, makes an excellent contribution to original research nationally and internationally. The book is divided into seven distinct chapters with Chapter 1 orienting the reader to the book and study itself while Chapter 7 rounds off the book and study with conclusions and recommendations.
Exploring the effects of YouTube on technology education students’ cognitive achievement in a mechanical system module
Authors: Kibirige Israel , Odora Ronald James
Published: September 2021

Understanding the effects of various multimedia technologies on students’ cognitive achievement is essential in this technological era. This study explored students’ cognitive achievement in a technology mechanical system module using YouTube videos compared to Microsoft PowerPoint (MPP). The study employed a quasi-experimental research design, using a pre-test-post-test. The sample consisted of 53 (29 males and 24 female) students. Twenty-eight (28) students were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG) and 24 to the control group (CG). Students’ cognitive achievement was measured by administering the Geometric Optics Conceptual Understanding Test to each group of students before and after teaching. A t-test shows that there were significant differences between the EG of the pre-test (M = 60.50, SD = 7.2) and the post-test (M = 65.70, SD = 9.60) t (53) = -2.17, p = 0.03 with a gain of 5.20 and the Cohen d was 0.60. The EG students performed better in mechanical technology practice and retention tests than those in the CG. In the EG, female students performed better (M = 69.00, SD = 9.20) than the male students (M = 61.40, SD = 8.60). These results have some theoretical, instructional and institutional implications on the use of YouTube as an effective tool to enhance students’ achievement in mechanical technology.
Engaging the Youth Environmental Alliance in Higher Education to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors:   Colorado State University, Whipple Sarah , Tiwari Shardul ,   Michigan Technological University, Osborne Tashiana C. ,   University of California-San Diego, Bowser Gillian ,   Colorado State University, Green Sarah A. ,   Colorado State University, Templer Pamela H. ,   Boston University, Ho Susie S. ,   Monash University
Published: September 2021

The authors present a new approach to show how interdisciplinary collaborations among a group of institutions can provide a unique opportunity for students to engage across the science-policy nexus using the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Through collaboration across seven higher education institutions in the United States and Australia, virtual student research teams worked together across disciplines.
Introduction: Undergraduate Research and Climate Change
Authors: Gates Lisa
Published: September 2021

Issue editor Lisa Gates provides an introduction to the fall 2021 SPUR issue
Researching Global Climate Change Challenges to Solve Local Issues with Undergraduate Research and Physical Models
Authors:   Norwich University, Kulkarni Tara S.
Published: September 2021

From 2012 through 2020, students in an introductory environmental engineering course have used a service-learning project to research climate resilience challenges and solutions. Issues of local significance exacerbated by climate change are connected to global concerns in three to four sessions of the three-hour laboratory portion of the course. The research is reported in briefs, reports, or conversational blogs.
Do papillomaviruses cause feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma?
Authors: Teh Alexander , Krockenberger Mark
Published: September 2021

PICO question

In cats infected with papillomavirus, is the risk of developing feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma greater than cats that are not infected with papillomavirus?

 

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Risk

The number and type of study designs reviewed

Eleven papers were critically reviewed, nine were case-control studies and two were experimental in vitro studies

Strength of evidence

Moderate

Outcomes reported

Infection of feline epithelial skin cells with Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV-2) is a risk factor for the development of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The pathogenesis of FcaPV-2 infection and neoplastic transformation into malignant cells shares similar pathways to the human papillomavirus (HPV) model of pathogenesis and carcinogenesis with some differences

Conclusion

In conclusion, there is moderate strength of evidence in the literature to support a role of FcaPV-2 in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in cats. Therefore, prevention of infection with FcaPV-2 should prevent some cancers

 

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Estudio de habitabilidad ambiental en espacios públicos exteriores de El Grullo, Jalisco, México
Authors: Villaseñor Corona Emilia , Martín del Campo Saray Francisco José , Bojórquez Morales Gonzalo , García Gómez Carmen
Published: September 2021

Los espacios públicos exteriores son elementos esenciales en la organización y funcionamiento de una ciudad. Una de sus características es la calidad de vida que se deriva de su uso y la habitabilidad ambiental es un indicador de ello. El clima cálido semiseco de la ciudad de El Grullo, Jalisco, México, puede repercutir en las condiciones de los espacios públicos que existen en su trama urbana. Se consideró importante realizar un estudio de habitabilidad ambiental en dos espacios públicos exteriores principales de la localidad, como son el Jardín Municipal y la Alameda municipal. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el grado de habitabilidad ambiental en los espacios mencionados mediante el análisis y estimación de variables meteorológicas y complementarias. Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva, no experimental y correlacional. Se recolectó información con la aplicación de 204 cédulas de información de usuario, del espacio y del contexto urbano en periodo de transición de cálido a frío. Para el análisis y procesamiento de datos, se utilizó la correlación de Pearson para indicar el nivel de asociación de las variables meteorológicas, complementarias y ordinales. Se comprobó que las variables meteorológicas son factores de influencia importante en el nivel de habitabilidad ambiental de los usuarios en los espacios públicos estudiados y sirve como medio de información a la sociedad y organismos municipales para contribuir a una mejor planificación y restauración de las áreas comunes.
Exploration of Learning Resources in Social Studies
Authors: Pebriana Putri Hana , Norliana Ekka , Subiyakto Bambang , Handy Muhammad Rezky Noor
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan eksplorasi sumber belajar dalam pembelajaran IPS. Perihal ini dimaksudkan agar memberikan uraian terkait peran guru dalam mengembangan sumber belajar IPS berdasarkan contoh yang kontekstual. Desain penelitian studi literatur digunakan pada penelitian ini. Strategi pencarian literatur jurnal ataupun buku melalui pencarian di internet maupun di perpustakaan. Penelitian studi literatur pada mensintesis data yang sudah dikumpulkan dituliskan dalam bentuk narasi. Hasil penelitian mendeskripsikan pembelajaran IPS di SMP/MTs disajikan sebagai mata pelajaran yang terpadu. Pemanfaatan sumber belajar IPS pada pembelajaran IPS di SMP/MTs berupa: a) Lingkungan, sumber belajar berupa lingkungan baik alam atau sosial; b) Sumber belajar berupa benda yang bisa dimanfaatkan dalam pembelajaran IPS yaitu globe, peta, miniatur candi, arca dan mesjid; c) Sumber belajar berupa orang atau narasumber yang dijadikan sebagai bagian dari sumber belajar pada pelajaran IPS seperti guru, presiden; d) Pemanfaatan sumber belajar berupa buku atau sumber cetak yang sudah dimanfaatkan yaitu buku guru dan siswa mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu SMP/MTs; e) Pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan sumber belajar peristiwa dan fakta aktual dalam pembelajaran IPS, misalnya guru mengaitkan peristiwa alam dengan pembelajaran IPS di kelas seperti peristiwa bencana alam; f) Selain menggunakan peristiwa dalam pembelajaran, guru juga menugasi peserta didik untuk menonton televisi dan membaca koran baik cetak maupun online dalam mencari informasi yang aktual di pembelajaran IPS.
The Modernization and Globalization Teaching Materials for Social Studies
Authors: Lasdya Devi , Masyithah Siti , Syaharuddin Syaharuddin , Jumriani Jumriani
Published: September 2021

Modernisasi dan globalisasi berkontribusi bagi kemajuan teknologi, informasi dan komunikasi dalam berbagai bidang. Meskipun demikian, dampak negatif juga tidak bisa dipungkiri bagi kehidupan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan diharapkan menjadi satu sarana kepada peserta didik selaku generasi mendatang untuk memiliki sikap yang siap dengan perkembangan zaman tersebut. Mata pelajaran IPS di sekolah merupakan mata pelajaran yang sesuai untuk mengembangkan sikap tersebut. Atas dasar hal itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan materi modernisasi dan globalisasi dalam pembelajaran IPS. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa studi literatur. Strategi penulusuran data menggunakan berbagai buku, ebook, dan jurnal melalui platform google scholar dengan penulusuran melalui kata kunci terpilih dan sumber yang digunakan sebanyak 22 sumber. Hasil penelitian memastikan bahwa modernisasi dan globalisasi dapat menimbulkan perubahan sosial bagi kehidupan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, melaui muatan materi tersebut pada pembelajaran IPS diharapkan mampu memberikan pemahaman kepada peserta didik tentang konsep modernisasi dan globalisasim dan menanmkan sikap dan keterampilan untuk hitup di tengah perkembangan zaman.