bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the awareness of breast cancer among female pharmacy students in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sako Jumana , Almsaoudi Ghdi , AL-Malki Rasha , Alilyyani Raghidah , Almatrafi Rawan , Almatrafi Raghad , Alwafi Nouf , Alamer Shuruq , Almehmadi Rehab , Alotaibi Reem , Alsanosi Safaa , Falemban Alaa , Bukhary Deena , Al-Hindi Yosra
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the causes of the leading mortality in Saudi Arabia. Previous studies have shown a recent dramatic increase in BC cases in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the demand is high for measuring the level of awareness among young Saudi females about BC and its causes. This study is designed to assess the awareness level of female pharmacy students in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah region, Saudi Arabia about the general information regarding BC, as pharmacists are the health practitioners most accessible to the public. The data in this study were collected using a modified online questionnaire delivered to 217 participants in the Ccollege of Ppharmacy. Our results showed a sufficient awareness level among future female pharmacists, which may help in spreading their knowledge to society. Keywords: breast cancer, awareness, public health, pharmacist, Saudi Arabia
High sensitivity C-reactive protein and dyslipidemia as a marker for the risk for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Pandeya Arun , Shreevastva Naveen Kumar , Chandra Lal , Rohil Vishwajeet , Karki Prahlad , Lamsal Madhab
Published: October 2022

Background: High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a sensitive marker of inflammation and tissue damage is an acute phase reactant. It is raised in hypertension and predicts cardiovascular outcome. Moreover elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as hs-CRP and altered lipid profile are commonly seen in hypertension which may develop cardiovascular events, hence, hs-CRP, lipid profile and nitric oxide (NO) have been incorporated in the study. The aims of this study were to find out a relationship of serum hs-CRP and dyslipidemia in hypertensives and to find out an association of serum hs-CRP with the risk for Cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A case-control study was done among the patients visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal in which forty seven newly diagnosed hypertensives as cases and fifty age and sex matched healthy normotensives as controls, were enrolled in the study with the prior informed consent. hs-CRP, nitric oxide (NO) and lipid profile were estimated in both the cases and controls. Results: Hypertensives have significantly raised levels of hs-CRP, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and NO compared to that in controls (P< 0.05). hs-CRP has a significant positive correlation with systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and with triglyceride (TG) (P< 0.05). However, the correlation of hs-CRP with NO is negative but statistically significant (0.000). Conclusion: The level of hs-CRP, which is thought to be a marker of inflammation, is significantly raised in hypertensives. Moreover, the majority of hypertensives are dyslipidemic suggesting hypertensives to be at an increased risk for the development of CVD. Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, hs-CRP, hypertension, inflammation.
Role of Ipratropium bromide in management of Thunderstorm asthma
Authors: Ahmad Numan , Buttar Kaleem Murtaza
Published: October 2022

Epidemic thunderstorm asthma has been reported to have occurred around twenty times over the past three decades in locations around the world. Thunderstorm asthma events are characterized by a significant increase in asthma presentations, which on occasion can overwhelm local medical services and result in fatalities. Thunderstorm asthma (TA) typically presents during an aeroallergen season in individuals, sensitized to perennial rye grass pollen (RGP) in Australia, in combination with meteorological factors such as thunderstorms and lightning activity. Short acting beta agonist (SABA) only treatment is sub-optimal therapy for prevention of asthma exacerbations. The combined treatment includes inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and SABA but is found to be contentious. So the present review focuses on suitable alternative, short acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA), Ipratropium bromide and its efficacy on the management of allergic asthma. Salbutamol induces bronchodilation rapidly but it elicits profound cardiovascular event as the side effects. Meanwhile, ipratropium also has equivalent effect of salbutamol with low side effect profile. Ipratropium also minifies the asthmatic response to grass pollen, allergen induced bronchoconstriction. Further, it also reduces allergen induced early and late asthmatic response and also inhibits the response towards histamine inhalation. In this regard, ipratropium may be considered as a suitable agent in the management of thunderstorm asthma and future trials are highly warranted. Keywords: Thunderstorm asthma, grass pollen, rye grass, short acting beta agonist, Ipratropium bromide
Outcome of Antenatal Renal Pelvic Dilatation – Review of Cases from a Tertiary Care Center, in the Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mahmoud Khalil , Mohammed Abdullah , Qusayri Basim , Hanif Bayan , Ayed Mohamed , Elabed Ahmad M. , Elhaddad Ahmed Kandeel
Published: October 2022

Background: Renal pelvic dilatation (RPD) is the most common abnormality discovered on antenatal ultrasound. Unfortunately, little is known about antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) and its associated etiology and outcomes. This study aimed to determine the incidence of antenatal RPD to evaluate antenatal resolution/progression and post-natal outcome. Also, this study aims to determine the outcome of patients diagnosed with ANH. Methodology: The current study followed a retrospective design. Data were collected from the medical records of infants born between 2019 and 2021, with dilated fetal renal pelvis in Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia. According to the radiological report on the follow-up, the patients were categorized based on their pelvic anteroposterior diameter (APD) detected on the second-trimester ultrasound into: APDs of 5-9.9 mm, 10-14.9 mm, and above 15 mm were classified as mild dilatation, moderate hydronephrosis, and severe hydronephrosis, respectively. Results: Among patients with RPD, 43.5% had mild dilatation while 33.3% had moderate hydronephrosis and 23.2% had severe hydronephrosis. There was no significant difference in incidence of RPD between mothers of different ages (P=0.302). Moreover, 69.6% of the patients were male with male: female ratio of 2.3:1. Among patients with RPD, 47 infants had good outcomes (68.1%), while 22 patients had poor outcomes. There was a significant difference in outcomes of patients with RPD according to their severity, where mild dilatation had the highest percentage of good outcomes as 86.7% of children with mild dilatation had good outcomes compared with 47.8% of infants with moderate hydronephrosis and 62.5% of those with severe hydronephrosis (P=0.009). Conclusion: Male infants have higher risk for developing RPD, although gender is not a predictor for severity or outcomes. Among patients with RPD, most patients have good outcomes. Key Words: Renal pelvic dilatation, antenatal hydronephrosis, infancy, ultrasonography, outcome, retrospective research design.
Detection of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection in Colorectal Cancer and Viral Genome Integration Status
Authors: Karbalaie Niya Mohammad Hadi , Safarnezhad Tameshkel Fahimeh , Motamed Nima , Miri Seyyed Mohammad , Mortazavi Helyasadat , Ajdarkosh Hossein , Zamani Farhad , Keyvani Hossein
Published: October 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third common cause of malignancy in Iran, and its incidence rate has been raised due to an increase in individual and environmental risk factors. Objectives: The present study aimed to define the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in CRC, then by drawing a phylogenetic tree, we aimed to analysis the sequences of isolated HPVs, and finally determine the viral genome physical status for HPV-16. Methods: A nested-PCR (nPCR), direct sequencing, and INNO-LiPA HPV genotyping assay were carried out for HPV detection, and a quantitative real-time PCR assay (qRT-PCR) was conducted for the physical status of the viral genome. Results: Among 157 subsets, there were 66 cases and 91 controls. Moreover, 5.7% (9/157) were HPV positive by nPCR, among whom 9.1% (6/66) were cases and 3.3% (3/91) were control groups (P = 0.750). The qRT-PCR analysis showed three forms of integrated, episomal, and mixed forms in our three HPV-16 strains. A higher rate of HPV infection was detected in the CRC cases; however, it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Although there were limited positive results, higher ages (> 65) were related to HPV involvement and CRC outcome. Furthermore, 9.1% of the CRC cases were infected with HPVs. The HPV-16 genome integration is observed in high-grade cancer cases with severe malignancy in CRC patients.
Reseña de: Negrete Peña, Rocio, Somolinos Molina, Cristina (eds): «Las mujeres que cosían y los hombres que fumaban». Voces de mujeres trabajadora en la España de los siglos XX y XXI
Authors: Muñoz Martínez Celeste
Published: October 2022

Reseña de: Negrete Peña, Rocio, Somolinos Molina, Cristina (eds): «Las mujeres que cosían y los hombres que fumaban». Voces de mujeres trabajadora en la España de los siglos XX y XXI. Málaga, Umaediatorial, 2021, 332 pp., ISBN: 978-84-1335-099-8.
Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis of the extremities: Report of one case
Authors: Kerroum Sara , Meziane Mariame , Ismaili Nadia , Benzekri Laila , Znati Kaoutar , Senouci Karima
Published: October 2022

Sir, Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis (NUD) is a recently described entity part of the spectrum of neutrophilic dermatoses (ND). It is often associated with inflammatory diseases or neoplasms, such as hemopathies. Herein, we report the case of a 67-year-old patient with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis, treated and declared cured, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, operated prostatic adenoma, smoking at a rate of 50 pack-years, weaned four months ago, alcoholism, and cannabis use, weaned sixteen years ago. The patient presented with non-itchy, slightly infiltrated, maculopapular, erythematous-to-purplish plaques, which were present only in the extremities of the upper and lower limbs (Figs. 1a – 1c). The rash had persisted for almost ten years in relapses or remissions and progressed against a background of fever, polyarthralgia, and asthenia.
Non-Markovian measure independent of initial states of open systems
Authors: He Zhi , Jiang Deng-Kui , Li Yan ,   College of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China,   College of Physics and Telecommunication, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China
Published: October 2022

In recent years, quantifying non-Markovian effect in open quantum system has become an important subject in the quantum decoherence control field. In this paper, a non-Markovian measure independent of the initial state of open system is proposed, thereby extending non-Markovian measure based on quantum Fisher information from the case where the initial state of the system is a pure state to the case where the initial state of the system is an arbitrary mixed state. As its application, the non-Markovian process is quantified by quantum Fisher information about a two-level system undergoing the three well-known dissipative channels, i.e. amplitude dissipative channel, phase damping channel, and random unitary channel. The results show that the conditions of non-Markovian processes in the three dissipative channels are independent of the selection of the initial state of the system by means of the quantum Fisher information of a phase parameter. Further, for amplitude dissipation channel and phase damping channel, the conditions for the non-Markovian processes to occur are equivalent to those given by trace distance, divisibility, quantum mutual information, quantum Fisher-information matrix, et al. As expected, for the case of amplitude dissipation channel, the corresponding results can reduce to the one in other paper (Lu X M, Wang X G, Sun C P 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 042103) by selecting the initial state of the system as an optimal pure state. However, for random unitary channel, the conditions of non-Markovian process are not equivalent to those for other measures. In addition, we also obtain an interesting relationship between quantum Fisher information and quantum coherence of the open system in the three dissipative channels, namely the square of quantum \begin{document}$l_1$\end{document} coherence for the evolved state of system is exactly equal to the quantum Fisher information of the phase parameter. In a word, the obtained results not only improve the application scope of using the quantum Fisher information to detect non-Markovian effects in open systems, but also further highlight its important role in quantum information processing.
Broadband and tunable optical frequency comb based on 1550 nm verticalcavity surface-emitting laser under pulsed current modulation and optical injection
Authors: Zhang Jun-Hui , Fan Li , Wu Zheng-Mao , Gou Chen-Hao , Luo Yang , Xia Guang-Qiong ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,   Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Structure Optoelectronics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,   School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Published: October 2022

Optical frequency combs (OFCs) each consist of a set of equally spaced discrete frequency components, and they have been widely applied to many fields such as metrology, optical arbitrary waveform generation, spectroscopy, optical communication, and THz generation. In this work, we propose a scheme for generating broadband and tunable OFCs based on a 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) under pulsed current modulation and optical injection. Firstly, a pulsed electrical signal is utilized to drive a 1550 nm-VCSEL into the gain-switching state with a broad noisy spectrum. Next, a continuous optical wave is further introduced for generating broadband and tunable OFC. Under injection light with power of 18.82 µW and wavelength of 1551.8570 nm, and pulsed electrical signal with a frequency of 0.5 GHz and pulse width of 200 ps, an OFC with a bandwidth of 82.5 GHz and CNR of 35 dB is experimentally acquired, and the single sideband phase noise at the 0.5 GHz reaches –123.3 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz. Moreover, the influences of injection light wavelength, frequency and width of pulse electrical signal on the performance of generated OFC are investigated. The experimental results show that OFCs with different comb spacings can be obtained by varying the frequency of pulsed electrical signal. For the frequency of pulsed current signal varying in a range of 0.25 GHz–3 GHz, the bandwidth of generated OFCs can exceed 60 GHz through selecting optimized injection optical wavelength and width of pulse electrical signal.
Mexiletine in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yamada Shinichiro , Hashizume Atsushi , Hijikata Yasuhiro , Inagaki Tomonori , Ito Daisuke , Kishimoto Yoshiyuki , Kinoshita Fumie , Hirakawa Akihiro , Shimizu Shinobu , Nakamura Tomohiko , Katsuno Masahisa
Published: October 2022

Objective

Patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) often experience muscular weakness under cold exposure.

Methods

In our previously conducted observational study, we assessed nerve conduction and grip strength to examine the effect of cold exposure on motor function, based on which we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mexiletine hydrochloride in SBMA (MEXPRESS).

Results

In the observational study, 51 consecutive patients with SBMA and 18 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Of the patients with SBMA, 88.0% experienced cold paresis. Patients with SBMA exhibited greater prolongation of ulnar nerve distal latency under cold (SBMA, 5.6 ± 1.1 msec; HC, 4.3 ± 0.6 msec; p <0.001); the change in the distal latencies between room temperature and cold exposure conditions correlated with the change in grip power. In the MEXPRESS trial, 20 participants took mexiletine or lactose, three times a day for 4 weeks with a crossover design. There was no difference in distal latencies at room temperature and under cold exposure between mexiletine and placebo groups as the primary endpoint. However, tongue pressure and 10‐sec grip and release test under cold exposure were improved in the mexiletine group. There were no serious adverse events throughout the study period.

Interpretation

Cold paresis is common and associated with prolongation of distal latency in SBMA. The results of the phase II clinical trial revealed that mexiletine showed short‐term safety, but it did not restore cold exposure‐induced prolongation of distal latency.
Polymeric Single‐Ion Conductors with Enhanced Side‐Chain Motion for High‐Performance Solid Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Ze , Wang Tairan , Hou Yue , Wang Yanbo , Huang Zhaodong , Cui Huilin , Fan Jun , Pei Zengxia , Zhi Chunyi
Published: October 2022

Zn‐based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have enormous potential in realizing high‐performance zinc‐ion batteries. Polymeric single‐ion conductor (PSIC)‐based SPEs can largely eradicate anion migration and side reactions of electrodes with decreased polarization, but the ionic conductivity is still unsatisfactory due to the tight localized ion interactions and sluggish chain motion. Herein, by employing the heterocyclic tetrazole as the anionic center of the side chain, a novel PSIC is fabricated with optimized charge delocalization and enhanced side‐chain motion. The as‐prepared PSIC delivers an ionic conductivity up to 5.4 × 10−4 S cm−1 with an ultrahigh Zn2+ transference number of 0.94. Based on the PSIC, dendrite‐free and hydrogen‐free Zn plating/stripping cycling (2000 h) is achieved. A further assembled Zn‖V2O5 battery exhibits superior performances to other solid ZIBs, including a high discharge capacity, excellent rate capability, and long cycling life. In addition, a remarkable shelf‐life (90 d), low self‐discharge rate, and good temperature adaptability of the solid battery can be achieved benefiting from the high stability of the SPE during operation. The PSIC‐based SPEs with advanced ion‐transport structure endow solid ZIBs with significant performance improvement, high safety, and durability.
Ferroelectric Hafnium Oxide Films for In‐Memory Computing Applications
Authors: Li Zhenhai , Wang Tianyu , Yu Jiajie , Meng Jialin , Liu Yongkai , Zhu Hao , Sun Qingqing , Zhang David Wei , Chen Lin
Published: October 2022

Traditional von Neumann architecture is facing severe challenges due to separated physical structure of memory and processing units, which inspires the development of in‐memory computing electronics. Intriguingly, as a kind of complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconducor compatible ferroelectric material, HfO2 is widely studied based on first‐principles calculation in the semiconductor field, showing great potential in constructing emerging electronics. Different structures including ferroelectric diode, ferroelectric field effect transistor, and ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on HfO2 are proposed for in‐memory computing application. Here, this work reviews the progress of HfO2 from materials to devices, including crystal structure, fatigue mechanism, first‐principles calculation, and neuromorphic computing application of HfO2‐based device. This work can provide a reference for the HfO2 ferroelectric device development for next‐generation in‐memory computing applications.
Low Temperature Thermal and Solar Heating Carbon‐Free Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Using Nickel Single Atom Catalysts
Authors: Li Yaguang , Guan Qingqing , Huang Guangyao , Yuan Dachao , Xie Fei , Li Kailuan , Zhang Zhibo , San Xingyuan , Ye Jinhua
Published: October 2022

Catalytic splitting NH3 to H2 is one of the foundations for building a carbon‐free H2 energy system but requires NH3 splitting catalysts that are highly active and durable at low temperatures. Although various non‐noble catalysts have been designed, NH3 splitting still operates at relatively high temperatures (600–850 °C). Herein, theoretical calculations predict that the Ni single atoms can change the bonding mode of NiN from covalent bond to ionic bond to boost the NH3 splitting activity. Further, Ni single atoms supported on CeO2 nanosheets (SA Ni/CeO2) are synthesized by the sol–gel method, which exhibits a robust 3.544 mmol g−1 min−1 of H2 yield speed of NH3 splitting at 300 °C, superior to all non‐noble catalysts and most of the noble catalysts. Combing with the homemade solar heating device, the one sun‐driven NH3 splitting over SA Ni/CeO2 shows a stable H2 yield of 1.58 mmol g−1 min−1, 100 times the record value of advanced weak solar‐powered NH3 splitting, demonstrating the potential for practical application in carbon‐free H2 systems.
A Dual‐Phase Electrolyte for High‐Energy Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ren Yuxun , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: October 2022

Dissolution of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) is essential for fast cathode kinetics, but detrimental for anode stability, especially under lean electrolyte conditions. In this work, the phase separation phenomenon between solvents with different polarities (tetramethyl sulfone [TMS] and dibutyl ether [DBE]) is utilized to enable the design of a dual‐phase electrolyte. High‐polarity, high‐density TMS–lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide–ammonium trifluoroacetate as the cathode electrolyte strongly solvates LiPSs, which propel the sulfur redox reaction. Moreover, the composite of DBE and a polymeric ion conductor serves as the anode electrolyte. The addition of DBE in the anode side effectively prevents the crossover of corrosive species (LiPSs and ammonia trifluoroacetate), enabling a significant improvement in Li‐metal anode stability. The electrode‐specific dual‐phase electrolyte design provides electrochemical performance superior to conventional electrolytes. Without additional electrode engineering, pouch cells assemble with the dual‐phase electrolyte cycle under a lean electrolyte (4 µL mg−1) and low‐Li‐excess condition (N/P = 3) for 120 cycles.
Effect of irrigation regimes and planting patterns on maize production in humid climates
Authors: Pinnamaneni Srinivasa R. , Anapalli Saseendran S. , Reddy Krishna
Published: October 2022

Twin‐row planting in maize (Zea mays L.) has potential for reducing plant‐crowding stress for optimizing grain yield and resource use. A study was conducted in 2020 and 2021 on a Dundee silt loam in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) region of the United States to evaluate maize grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) in single‐row (SR) and twin‐row (TR) planting patterns with same seed rate under four irrigation regimes: rainfed (RF), all‐furrow irrigation (FI), alternate‐furrow irrigation (AFI), and every third‐furrow irrigation (TFI). The TR enhanced grain yield by 9.2% in 2020 and 10.9% in 2021 over the SR system. The average final plant density at the reproductive phase was highest under AFI (73,900 ha−1) and lowest under RF (70,480 ha−1). Across all irrigation regimes, the leaf area index was significantly higher in the TR system. Average grain yields under SR were 10.01, 10.44, 9.48 and 9.10 Mg ha−1, respectively, in FI, AFI, TFI and RF; average grain yields under TR were 11.58, 11.32, 10.13 and 9.91 Mg ha−1. The AFI and FI recorded similar grain yields. The IWUE was highest in TR planting (0.028 kg m−3), followed by SR planting (0.024 kg m−3) under AFI. The IWUE of TFI in TR planting was 0.020 kg m−3 and in SR was 0.011 kg m−3. Economic analysis revealed that the TR‐FI and TR‐AFI had average profits of 446 and 432 US$ ha−1, respectively. The study suggests that maize producers in the LMD can save a significant amount of irrigation water without compromising grain yields by adapting the AFI‐TR system.
Primary tracheobronchial necrosis after esophagectomy: A nationwide multicenter retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Sakai Makoto , Saeki Hiroshi , Sohda Makoto , Korematsu Mizuki , Miyata Hiroshi , Murakami Daizo , Baba Yoshifumi , Ishii Ryo , Okamoto Hiroshi , Shibata Tomotaka , Shirabe Ken , Toh Yasushi , Shiotani Akihiro ,   The Japan Broncho‐Esophagological Society
Published: October 2022

Background

The clinical features of postoperative primary tracheobronchial necrosis (P‐TBN; the necrosis without anastomotic leakage or other cervical and mediastinal abscess) remains unclear. This nationwide multicenter retrospective study first investigated the clinical features of P‐TBN after esophagectomy for upper aerodigestive tract cancer with a large cohort.

Methods

As a study of the Japan Broncho‐Esophagological Society, a nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted in 67 institutions. The clinical data of 6370 patients who underwent esophagectomy for laryngeal, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer between 2010 and 2019 were collected. Grades of P‐TBN were defined as follows: Grade 1, mucosal necrosis; Grade 2, transmural bronchial wall necrosis without fistula or perforation; Grade 3, transmural bronchial wall necrosis with fistula or perforation.

Results

P‐TBN was observed in 48 (0.75%) of 6370 patients. The incidences of P‐TBN for pharyngo‐laryngo‐cervical esophagectomy (PLCE; n = 1650), total pharyngo‐laryngo‐esophagectomy (TPLE; n = 205), and subtotal esophagectomy (SE; n = 4515) were 2.0%, 5.4%, and 0.1%, respectively. The upper mediastinal LN dissection (P = 0.016) and the higher level of the tracheal resection (P = 0.039) were significantly associated with a higher grade of necrosis in PLCE and TPLE. Overall survival rates were significantly lower in patients with Grade 2 (P = 0.009) and Grade 3 (P = 0.004) than in those with Grade 1.

Conclusion

The incidence of TBN restricted to P‐TBN was lower than previously reported. Maintaining the tracheal blood flow is essential to prevent worsening P‐TBN, especially in PLCE and TPLE. Our new P‐TBN severity grade may predict the outcome of patients with P‐TBN.
Vibration‐Regulated Multi‐State Long‐Lived Emission from Star‐Shaped Molecules
Authors: Li Yiran , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Siddique Farhan , Wei Peng , Wu Hongwei , Yi Tao
Published: October 2022

How to utilize molecular vibration to tune triplet‐involved emissions in multiple states is highly challenging. Here, star‐shaped triphenylamine derivatives have been employed as model systems to understand how molecular vibration affects thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emissions in multiple states. Nonplanar, star‐shaped conformations allow molecules to generate appropriate vibrations in the solution state, facilitating vibronic coupling between their T1and T2states to generate effective TADF. More importantly, a relatively dispersed state can allow the molecules to efficiently vibrate in the solid state, and a crystalline environment further promotes a more efficient TADF. Lastly, by suppressing molecular vibration to inhibit the TADF, ultra‐long RTP was observed upon doping these molecules into polymers. These molecules can be used in information encryption and storage as well as bioimaging.
Phase change composites derived from chromium‐containing leather solid waste for efficient solar‐thermal energy storage
Authors: Wang Jiuao , Chai Xiaowei , Guo Jun , Wang Haibo , Du Zongliang , Cheng Xu , Du Xiaosheng
Published: October 2022

Large amounts of chromium‐containing leather solid waste (CLSW) generated in conventional leather making industry. The high value‐added transformation of CLSW has attracted lots of attention from scientists and technologists. Herein, gelatin was extracted from CLSW through alkaline hydrolysis dechroming and decalcification process. Then, form‐stable phase change material composites (GMPCMs) based on gelatin, n‐docosane, and melanin were designed and fabricated through impregnating n‐docosane into gelatin/melanin hybrid aerogels (GMAs). The three‐dimensional (3D) honeycombed aerogels GMAs with ultralow density and extremely high surface area can perfectly support n‐docosane and prevent liquid leakage. As expected, the solar‐thermal conversion efficiency of GMPCMs (up to 84.8%) was significantly increased with the introduction of melanin in PCM composites. DSC analysis indicated that GMPCMs possessed relatively large thermal energy storage density and the melting enthalpy of GMPCMs ranged from 207.1 to 228.0 J/g. Furthermore, GMPCMs showed admirable shape stability, excellent encapsulation capacity, and satisfactory thermal reversibility.
Zn‐Sb Bimetallic Electrocatalyst Enhances the Conversion of CO2 to Formate
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Li Wenjuan , Zhang Zhengrong , Cao Zhiyuan , Huo Shengjuan
Published: October 2022

It was discovered the bimetallic Zn−Sb nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes can electrocatalyze CO2 into formate efficiently, comprising the best performance to date for Sb‐based catalysts under moderate overpotential. This project was accomplished by a versatile two‐step alcoholysis precipitation strategy with tunable Zn : Sb ratios, and the performance of optimized Zn2.33Sb0.67O4 was locked in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. During the subsequent electrolysis, the mixed phases of metallic Zn and Sb served as active centers. The Zn−Sb heterostructure and the electron relocation were confirmed. By means of interactions and possible additional binding sites for reaction intermediate *OCHO, the material displayed different catalytic properties from either Zn or Sb, and was selective for formate up to 92%, which was ca. 6.1 times or 4.6 times than that of each single component. The encouraging results highlight the power of the interaction between binary metallic components to synergistically electrocatalyze CO2 conversion.
Exact likelihood ratio and Wald tests for the balanced joint progressive censoring scheme
Authors: Mondal Shuvashree , Kundu Debasis
Published: October 2022

Recently, the balanced joint progressive censoring (BJPC) for two samples has been introduced by the authors. This work comprises of developing testing of hypothesis for the BJPC scheme. An exact likelihood ratio test is developed to test the ratio of mean life times of two different products through joint life testing experiment. Along with this development, the Wald test has also been discussed, and an approximate power function has been used for power computation. Along with the study of testing of hypothesis, the optimal censoring scheme based on the power of the proposed tests has been determined. Meta heuristic variable neighborhood algorithm is exploited in this optimization task.
Bioanalytical methods for pharmacokinetic studies of antileishmanial drugs
Authors: Roseboom Ignace C. , Rosing Hilde , Beijnen Jos H. , Dorlo Thomas P. C.
Published: October 2022

Bioanalytical method development and validation for the quantification of antileishmanial drugs are pivotal to support clinical trials and provide the data necessary to conduct pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of published validated bioanalytical assays for the quantification of antileishmanial drugs amphotericin B, miltefosine, paromomycin, pentamidine, and pentavalent antimonials in human matrices. The applicability of the assays for leishmaniasis clinical trials as well as their relevance to PK studies with emphasis on the choice of matrix, calibration range, sample volume, sample preparation, choice of internal standards, separation, and detection was discussed for each antileishmanial drug. Given that no published bioanalytical methods included multiple antileishmanial drugs in a single assay although antileishmanial shortened combination regimens currently were under investigation, it was recommended to combine various drugs in a single bioanalytical method. Furthermore, bioanalytical method development regarding target site matrix as well as applying microsampling strategies was recommended to optimize future clinical PK studies in leishmaniasis.
Patient‐reported disruptions to cancer care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lang Jacob J. , Narendrula Aparna , Iyer Sharanya , Zanotti Kristine , Sindhwani Puneet , Mossialos Elias , Ekwenna Obi
Published: October 2022

Background

The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent and associations with patient‐reported disruptions to cancer treatment and cancer‐related care during the COVID‐19 pandemic utilizing nationally representative data.

Methods

This analysis uses data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual, cross‐sectional survey of US adults. Adults (age >18) who reported requiring current cancer treatment or other cancer‐related medical care in the second half of 2020 were included. Estimated proportions of patients with self‐reported changes, delays, or cancelations to cancer treatment or other cancer care due to the COVID‐19 pandemic were calculated using sampling weights and associations with sociodemographic and other health‐related variables were analyzed.

Results

In total, 574 (sample‐weighted estimate of 2,867,326) adults reported requiring cancer treatment and/or other cancer care since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. An estimated 32.1% reported any change, delay, or cancelation. On sample‐weighted univariable analysis, patients who were younger, female, had one or fewer comorbidities, and uninsured were significantly more likely to report disruptions. On sample‐weighted, multivariable analysis, patients who were younger and female remained significant predictors. Nearly 90% of patients included in the study reported virtual appointment use. Patients reporting disruptions were also significantly more likely to report feelings of anxiety.

Conclusions

An estimated 1/3 of patients experienced disruptions to cancer care due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Patients experiencing disruptions in care were more likely to be female or younger which may reflect risk stratification strategies in the early stages of the pandemic, and also had higher rates of anxiety. The longitudinal impact of these disruptions on outcomes merits further study.
Initial active surveillance for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: 10 years' experience at a regional cancer Centre
Authors: Stares Mark , Chauhan Vishwani , Moudgil‐Joshi Jigi , Kong Qiu G. , Malik Jahangeer , Sundaramurthy Aravindhan , Elliott Tony , Mains Edward , Leung Steve , Laird Alexander , Symeonides Stefan N.
Published: October 2022

A subset of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) follow an indolent disease course and may benefit from initial active surveillance (AS). However, selecting patients suitable for this approach is challenging. To investigate this we sought to define outcomes of patients with mRCC suitable for initial AS. All patients with mRCC clinically selected for initial AS at the Edinburgh Cancer Centre between January 2010 and December 2020 were identified. Key inflammatory biomarkers (haemoglobin, white cell count, neutrophil count, platelets, C‐reactive protein [CRP], albumin, corrected calcium) and the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk score were measured. The relationship between these and time to systemic anticancer therapy (tSACT) and overall survival (OS) was analysed. Data were available for 160 patients. Estimated median overall survival was 88.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 34.0–127.0) months. Median tSACT was 31.8 (IQR 12.0–76.3) months. On multivariate analysis, only CRP was predictive of tSACT (HR 2.47 [95% CI:1.59–3.85] p < 0.001) and OS (HR 3.89 [95% CI:2.15–6.83] p < 0.001). Patients with CRP > 10 mg/L were more likely to commence SACT within 1 year than those with CRP≤10 mg/L (41% vs. 18%, Relative Risk 2.16 (95% CI:1.18–3.96) (p = 0.012)). IMDC risk score was not predictive of tSACT or OS. Active surveillance is an appropriate initial management option for selected patients with mRCC. CRP, a biomarker of systemic inflammation, may provide additional objective information to assist clinical decision‐making in patients with mRCC being considered for initial AS. Although this is a retrospective observational study, the cohort is well defined and includes all patients managed with initial AS in an inclusive real‐world setting.
Phelliribsin B: A New Styrylpyrone Derivative from the Medicinal Fungus Phellinus ribis
Authors: Ren Wenjing , Bao Mengyu , Zhang Jin , Cao Yanhua , Duan Baoguo , Xu Lingchuan , Liu Yuhong
Published: October 2022

A novel styrylpyrone derivative, named phelliribsin B (1), as well as four biogenetically related known compounds, phellifuropyranone A (2), inoscavin C (3), inoscavin A (4), and inoscavin D (5) were separated and purified from the medicinal fungus Phellinus ribis. The structure of phelliribsin B was determined by spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration was assigned by experimental and calculated ECD data. Additionally, the plausible biosynthetic pathway of 1 was also proposed. Compound 1 showed moderately cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and SKOV‐3 tumor cell lines with IC50 values of 32.71 and 57.89 μM, respectively. Based on the results of cytotoxicity against HepG2 tumor cells, the structure‐activity relationship of compounds 1–4 with similar skeletons was discussed. The styrylpyrone derivatives with similar skeletons have moderately cytotoxic activity and have the potential to play an important role in the anti‐tumor treatment.
Severe osteoporosis as atypical presentation of hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Taujan Georgiana Cristina , Iconaru Laura , Rosu Mihaela , Kosmopoulou Olga Ana , Papadopoulou Ioana Blerta , Baleanu Felicia
Published: October 2022

Besides important metabolic repercussions, iron overload is reported to be associated with deleterious effects on articulations and bones. We present the case of a male patient diagnosed with severe osteoporosis and vertebral fracture, in whom the evaluation for secondary osteoporosis revealed hereditary hemochromatosis.
Atypical Guillain–Barre syndrome with T6 sensory level
Authors: Al‐Ameen Osamah , Faisal Mohanad , Mustafa Salma , Alhatou Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Guillain–Barré syndrome is an acute immune‐mediated demyelinating disease. Typical features include progressive ascending lower extremity weakness and areflexia. Several variants have been described that can make the diagnosis challenging. Here, we report a case of GBS presenting with progressive lower limb weakness and T6 sensory level.
Coming down the “chimney”: Percutaneous coronary intervention on a post‐transcatheter aortic valve replacement with valve‐in‐valve patient
Authors: Taleb Adam
Published: October 2022

Accessing the coronary arteries post‐transcatheter aortic valve replacement is a growing challenge. This is a case of a patient requiring percutaneous coronary intervention on a left circumflex artery after a TAVR valve‐in‐valve and a left main “chimney” stent, describing all the challenges met during the procedure.
Intermediate syndrome following organophosphate poisoning: A case report in a low resource and poor socio‐economic setting
Authors: Lageju Nimesh , Neupane Durga , Jaiswal Lokesh Shekher , Chapagain Suresh , Uprety Pratik , Regmi Swapnil , Bhandari Silan
Published: October 2022

Intermediate syndrome with respiratory failure is a serious complication that can be fatal as in our case of a 24‐year‐old‐man who developed intermediate syndrome requiring intubation and respiratory support. Furthermore, the patient's socio‐economic situation significantly impacts the illness's progress and prognosis.
Molecular Mechanism of Substrate Oxidation in Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases: Insight from Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Hagemann Marlisa M. , Hedegård Erik D.
Published: October 2022

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper enzymes that today comprise a large enzyme superfamily, grouped into the distinct members AA9–AA17 (with AA12 exempted). The LPMOs have the potential to facilitate the upcycling of biomass waste products by boosting the breakdown of cellulose and other recalcitrant polysaccharides. The cellulose biopolymer is the main component of biomass waste and thus comprises a large, unexploited resource. The LPMOs work through a catalytic, oxidative reaction whose mechanism is still controversial. For instance, the nature of the intermediate performing the oxidative reaction is an open question, and the same holds for the employed co‐substrate. Here we review theoretical investigations addressing these questions. The applied theoretical methods are usually based on quantum mechanics (QM), often combined with molecular mechanics (QM/MM). We discuss advantages and disadvantages of the employed theoretical methods and comment on the interplay between theoretical and experimental results.
Use of cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as green membrane for acetic acid removal by facilitated bulk liquid membrane: A transport and kinetic study
Authors: Baylan Nilay , Türk Feride Naime , Çehreli Süheyla
Published: October 2022

In current investigation, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CMPE) was tested as a novel membrane solvent for acetic acid removal from an aqueous medium in the facilitated bulk liquid membrane (BLM). Tributyl phosphate (TBP) has been utilized as a carrier in CMPE to facilitate acetic acid transport. The influences of various operating factors like carrier concentration in the membrane solvent, receiving phase type, and receiving phase concentration on removal, were analyzed. The uptake was evaluated by means of feed (extraction) and receiving yields. Following this, a mass transfer modelling was established and the mass transfer coefficients were determined. The maximum yields were recorded as 95.4% for extraction and 78.01% for receiving yields at 2 mol · L−1 carrier concentration in membrane solvent, and 4 mol · L−1 NaOH of receiving phase concentration.
Biopolymer‐Based Aerogels for Electromagnetic Wave Shielding and Absorbing
Authors: Han Mingrui , Zhang Runa , Wu Qilei , Wu Na , Liu Jiurong
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The rapid development of communication technology and electronic industry has brought unprecedented serious electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution. Although EMI shields and EMW absorbers based on metal or magnetic materials were used to solve these problems, they have long been criticized for their high price, high density and easy corrosion. In order to achieve low density and efficient dissipation of electromagnetic energy, aerogels stand out among manifold materials. However, constructing aerogels with good EMI shielding or EMW absorption performance and acceptable mechanical properties is not an easy task. Burgeoning biopolymers, such as cellulose, lignin, chitin/chitosan and alginate, breathe new life into aerogels for high‐efficiency EMW shielding and absorbing. Here, we reviewed the contributions of biopolymers in the fields of aerogels for EMW shielding and absorbing. At the same time, some challenges and outlook were also pointed out, aiming to promote the advance of aerogel‐based EMI shields and EMW absorbers as well as the rational utilization of biopolymers.
Chronic postsurgical pain in children and young adults with cancer and choice of regional anesthesia for amputation and limb‐sparing surgery
Authors: Anghelescu Doralina L. , Johns Emma , Bhatia Shalini , Frett Michael J. , Lu Zhaohua
Published: October 2022

Background

Patients undergoing limb amputation (LA) or limb‐sparing (LS) for lower extremity oncologic diagnoses are at similar risk for chronic postsurgical pain of neuropathic nature (CPSP/NP). Regional anesthesia (RA) techniques are pre‐emptive measures to prevent the occurrence of the CPS/NP. However, recommendations for epidural (EP) versus peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) lack in pediatric literature.

Aims

This study investigates the incidence and duration of CPSP/NP and describes NP‐directed regimens.

Methods and Results

Data on demographics, use of EP or PNB, duration of CPSP/NP, and NP‐directed medication were retrospectively collected for LA and LS between 2009 and 2019. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to compare the odds of CPSP/NP between EP and PNB. Cox PH model with adjustment for clustering due to multiple surgeries on patients was used to quantify rate of pain relief between surgery groups (LA vs. LS) and RA groups (EP vs. PNB). The incidence of CPSP/NP was 36 (23.8%) after 165 surgeries (150 patients). The odds of CPSP/NP after PNB were 2.5 times those of CPSP/NP after EP (p = .11). The rate of pain relief at any instant after the EP was 1.2 times that after PNB (p = .3). The rate of pain relief for LS with EP was 1.9 times that of pain relief for LA with EP, a statistically significant difference (p = .03). Gabapentin was used (94.5%), with addition of amitriptyline (24.2%) and both amitriptyline and methadone (12.7%).

Conclusion

The LS with the EP group had a significantly higher rate of relief of CPSP/NP than LA with EP. Odds of CPSP/NP after PNB were 2.5 times those of CPSP after EP.
Analyzing theQoSprediction for web service recommendation using time series forecasting with deep learning techniques
Authors: Gnanasekaran Amirthayogam , Chinnasamy Anbu Ananth , Parasuraman Elango
Published: October 2022

Quality of service (QoS) is widely adopted to characterize the performance of services invoked by users. For this purpose, the QoS prediction of services constitutes a decisive tool to allow end‐users to optimally choose high‐quality cloud services aligned with their needs. The fact is that users only consume a few of the broad range of existing services. Thereby, performing a highly accurate service recommendation becomes a challenging task. To tackle the aforementioned challenges, a hybrid deep learning technique is proposed to predict future QoS parameters. Initially, the data is collected from the WSDream data repository, however, the collaborating filtering (CF) technique is used to pre‐process the collected data. Accordingly, the filtering technique resolves missing or undermined values and cleans the node. Additionally, this pre‐processing technique reduces the error and promotes prediction efficiency. Subsequently, data clustering is performed by introducing a modified k‐medoids algorithm, which groups the user services into different clusters. Accordingly, a future QoS is predicted based on the proposed hybrid deep learning method like convolutional neural network‐long short‐term memory. The proposed method is implemented using Python software and it evaluates response time, throughput, root mean square error, and mean absolute error (MAE). The proposed method is compared with the existing collaborative filtering‐k medoids, support vector regression, self‐exciting threshold auto‐regressive, genetic guided clustering algorithm algorithms, and novel deep learning‐based hybrid approach. The result of the proposed method presents higher accuracy and low consumption time. Therefore, the performance of the proposed method is 6% higher than the other existing methods. Accordingly, the MAE, mean absolute percentage error, mean absolute scaled error, and root mean squared error of the proposed method produces 7%, 7.5%, 2%, and 1.5% higher performance than the other existing methods. Subsequently, the precision and recall of the proposed method are approximately 3.5% and 3% high than the other state of art methods. The experimental results highlight that the viability of the proposed approach contrasted with the regular methodologies in real‐time. Consequently, by introducing this proposed method the QoS prediction performance is improved and it provides higher‐quality solutions.