bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fruit Abscission and Leaf Drop in Citrus Cultivars Treated with Metsulfuron-methyl
Authors: Kender Walter J. , Hartmond Ulrich , Burns Jacqueline K.
Published: December 2018

Fruit of 11 citrus cultivars were evaluated for their response to the experimental abscission material metsulfuron-methyl at 2 mg·L-1 (ppm) active ingredient as an aid to mechanical or hand harvest. Cultivars evaluated included `Ambersweet', `Glen Navel', `Hamlin', and `Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], `Robinson' tangerine (Clementine × Orlando, C. reticulata Blanco), `Sunburst' tangerine [`Robinson' × `Osceola', C. reticulata × (C. paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata)], `Murcott' and `Temple' tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis), `Orlando' tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi), `Ray Ruby', and `Marsh' grapefruit (C. paradisi). Six of the 11 cultivars were effectively loosened by sprays of metsulfuron-methyl (`Hamlin', `Valencia', `Orlando', `Murcott', `Temple', and `Ray Ruby'). Addition of an adjuvant (Kinetic, 0.125%) was necessary for abscission activity in fruit and leaves. Trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl in combination with an adjuvant had higher percent cumulative fruit drop, higher internal ethylene, and lower fruit detachment forces (FDF) than trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl alone. `Sunburst' tangerine responded poorly to the abscission material in the presence or absence of Kinetic. Leaf loss was greatest in trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl and adjuvant, intermediate in trees sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl alone, and least in control trees. Twig dieback was observed in trees of `Valencia' orange and `Marsh' grapefruit sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl. The peel of some cultivars had irregular coloration and developed pitted areas after harvest. Although metsulfuron-methyl is an effective abscission agent for mature citrus fruit, further work is needed to more accurately define conditions for its safe and dependable use.
Effect of Fertilizer Concentration on Growth of Double Impatiens
Authors: Whipker Brian E. , Dasoju Shravan , Dosmann Michael S. , Iles Jeffery K.
Published: December 2018

Double impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook.) `Blackberry Ice' (variegated-leaf) and `Purple Magic' (green-leaf) were grown on flood benches and irrigated with 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg·L-1 (ppm) N to study the effect of fertility on growth and development. Electrical conductivity (EC) levels at week 9 were similar for both cultivars at each fertilizer rate, except for the 100 mg·L-1 N where EC levels of `Blackberry Ice' were more than double those of `Purple Magic'. This indicated that the nutrient demands were less for `Blackberry Ice' and fertilization rates lower than 100 mg·L-1 N would be required. After nine weeks, plants grown with 100 mg·L-1 N had a 22% larger plant diameter than plants grown with either 50 or 200 mg·L-1 N. Fertilization rates of 50 mg·L-1 N resulted in plants which were covered with a higher percentage of blooms per unit of leaf area, but the plants were smaller. Plant tissue dry weight (leaf, bud, stem, and total) increased to the highest level at 100 mg·L-1 N, then decreased with further increases in fertilization rate. For maximum shoot growth with flood irrigation, growers should apply 100 mg·L-1 N when growing `Purple Magic' double impatiens and a fertilization rate between 50 and 100 mg·L-1 N for `Blackberry Ice'.
A Decision Support System for the Irrigation and Nutrition Management of Tomatoes Cultivated in Low-technology, Plastic-covered Greenhouses
Authors: Passam H.C. , Sideridis A.B. , Yialouris C.P.
Published: December 2018

Vegetable production in low-technology (low-tech) plastic-covered greenhouses depends on low investment and cheap production methods that prohibit the adoption of expensive technologies. Nevertheless, advanced technology can be developed for this low-tech situation provided that a personal computer (PC) is available and the software is of low cost and specially designed to function without the need for additional expensive hardware. This will encourage the adoption of computer technology in an industry where computer illiteracy is still high. In the present paper, a decision support system for irrigation and fertilizer management of tomatoes [Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill.] is described. The system is comprised of two modules: 1) an irrigation-fertilization consultation module for the management of water and fertilizer supply and 2) a diagnostic expert system module for the identification and rectification of nutritional disorders. Irrigation requirements are defined on the basis of daily evaporimeter readings. Fertilizer schedules are derived from the literature, but modified on the basis of experience gained during previous cultivations. The urgent need for such a management system is indicated by the relatively low quality of vegetable produce currently grown in low-tech greenhouses and the waste of precious water and fertilizer due to over-application by growers, with concomitant damage to the environment. During tests, irrigation was reduced by as much as 30% in comparison with empirical methods. To enable more widespread assessment and to increase its range of application, the software of this system is offered free of charge for evaluation by interested users.
Evaluating Soil Compaction with a Portable Electronic Cone Penetrometer
Authors: Crozier Carl R. , Heiniger Ronnie W. , Bishop Michael
Published: December 2018

During Summer 1997, soil compaction in agricultural fields was evaluated using a portable electronic cone penetrometer. Rather than requiring the operator to read from an analog scale, this penetrometer stores data in a digital form, which are downloaded to a personal computer for analysis. Soil strength, measured in 1-inch (2.5-cm) increments, can be stored for up to 100 25-inch (64-cm) deep soil profiles. This instrument can be operated by a single person and facilitates collecting large data sets required to characterize highly variable soil environments. Because the penetrometer was designed to measure and formulate predictions about the trafficability of wet soils, it is often incapable of measuring the higher soil resistance occurring in drier agricultural fields. If used soon after rainfall or irrigation, it is useful in detecting hardpans associated with tillage or traffic patterns.
Florida Citrus Management Practices
Authors: Ferguson J.J. , Israel G.D.
Published: December 2018

Although a major freeze has not affected the Florida citrus industry since 1989, growers continue to rank cold protection as an important information need. A moderate freeze during 1996 further emphasized the need to document current cold protection and related management practices. A statewide survey conducted in 1996 indicated that the National Weather Service and commercial radio or television were the primary sources of weather information in 1996, but when asked where they would obtain agricultural weather forecasts after 1996, growers indicated they would rely more on commercial radio or television, private meteorologists and the extension service. Grower awareness of the effectiveness of cold protection methods decreased with temperature and with grower production experience. Microsprinklers were the most commonly used method for both cold protection and irrigation. Fifty percent of growers surveyed used computers for grove management, primarily for financial record keeping, with younger growers more likely to use computers than older growers. The percentage of growers with small groves is decreasing while the percentage of growers with large groves is increasing.
Establishing Cucumber Production in Lesser Developed Countries: An Absolute Cost Advantage of Mexico versus Hispaniola Producers
Authors: Frenz Byron L. , Staub Jack E.
Published: December 2018

During winter months, a substantial volume of various horticultural products are imported to the United States from the Caribbean and Central and South America. United States cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) processors who market fresh-pack and refrigerated products require raw product daily to meet consumer demands. Mexico serves as a single-source supplier to all United States processors during this period, and thus Mexican production represents certain price risks. United States processors would consider other growing regions to reduce these risks if financially attractive alternatives could be identified. Therefore, a project was initiated to acquire information on production and export costs in Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), and to compare those to Mexican and United States production and transport costs. Experimentation lead to the identification of the critical influences of market prices, costs and conditions for the financial feasibility of establishing a processing cucumber industry on Hispaniola. Comparative evaluation indicated that significant variation in total cost was caused by fluctuations in transport, tariffs, and labor cost components. The causes of variation in transportation costs were distance, method (sea, air, truck), competitive demand (volume), and shipping frequency, consistency, and capacity.
Training Initiation Date Affects Height of Nursery Olive Trees
Authors: del Río Carmen , Proubi Abdeslam
Published: December 2018

An experiment was carried out to determine when to initiate training potted rooted cuttings of olive (Olea europaea L.), so that tall and well developed nursery trees could be produced in an 8-month growing season. Initiating training to single shoot when average height of tallest shoots was 38 cm (15.0 inches) produced 1-m (3.28-ft) tall nursery trees in 7.5 months, with training restricted to the last 2.5 months. Taller plants [1.17 m (3.84 ft)] and some lateral shoots growing above 1 m were produced following another 0.5 month of growth. Five training months were needed to produce 1.43-m (4.69-ft) trees if training was initiated when main shoots were only 16 cm (6.3 inches). Initiating training at the beginning of the growing season did not produce significantly taller trees. Untrained plants only reached a height of 69 cm (27.2 inches) at the end of the test period.
Edina Goes Green Part I: A Model for Low-input Lawn Care Community Education
Authors: Carpenter Perrin J. , Meyer Mary Hockenberry
Published: December 2018

A yearlong community education project was conducted in Edina, Minn., to teach residents about low-input lawn care techniques. Informational articles, a World Wide Web (Web) page, public seminar, and demonstration sites were the four major strategies employed by the project. Each of these teaching methods had a specific objective for influencing the lawn care knowledge and practices of Edina residents. Feedback from surveys at the completion of the project showed that printed articles had the highest familiarity. Based on these results, recommendations are given for other communities to implement low-input lawn care education programs.
Edina Goes Green Part III: A Survey of Consumer Lawn Care Knowledge and Practices
Authors: Carpenter Perrin J. , Meyer Mary Hockenberry
Published: December 2018

Homeowners in Edina, Minn., were surveyed in conjunction with a low-input lawn care community educa- tion project. Surveys were sent at the start and finish of the yearlong project, and asked questions pertaining to the respondent's lawn care knowledge, practices, and environ- mental attitude toward lawn inputs. The responses from before the program, compared with those afterward, show overall that homeowners lawn care did not change signifi- cantly by the end of the educational campaign. Responses are useful, however, in targeting future educational efforts. For example, while >80% of respondents were aware of the benefits of leaving mowed clippings on the lawn, <6% knew how much fertilizer is needed yearly for a medium mainte- nance lawn. Participants indicated a 10% weed tolerance was acceptable, but 25% was not; and disagreed with the state- ment "pesticides are not harmful to the environment.”
Enhancing Science Education Experiences through Garden Explorations: An Inquiry-based Learning Opportunity at the South Carolina Botanical Garden
Authors: Wagner Lisa K. , Fones Shelley W.
Published: December 2018

Garden Explorations, a continuing program at the South Carolina Botanical Garden (SCBG), Clemson University, promotes science participation among children, families, undergraduates, and teachers. Integrated by themes of Plants and their Partners, Plants and their Environment, and Web of Life, Garden Explorations programs include Summer Science Camps, Family Science Saturdays, and Family and Community Outreach Programs. In these programs, college students (largely education, horticulture, biology, and recreation majors) have the opportunity to learn about and experience natural science and math in the garden, along with elementary school teachers, parents, and upper-elementary age children. These inquiry-based learning opportunities enhance and expand the education and professional preparation of Clemson University students who participate in the program. By involving students in intensive hands-on, inquiry-oriented life science and math activities during Garden Explorations programs, we seek to increase science literacy in our region.
Laboratory Exercise on the Segregation of Flower Color and Related Genes Using Velvet Flower (Salpiglossis sinuata Ruiz et Pavon)
Authors: Lee Chiwon W.
Published: December 2018

Velvet flower (Salpiglossis sinuata, Solanaceae) can be used as an excellent demonstration plant for horticultural crop breeding classes. Salpiglossis produces large trumpetlike flowers exhibiting an assortment of corolla colors and pigmentation patterns. The pistil is large (3 to 4 cm or 1.2 to 1.6 inches long) with a sticky stigmatal tip and flowers can be easily emasculated prior to anthesis. The large pollen grains are shed in tetrads which can be separated and placed on the stigmatal surface. It takes eight to nine weeks from seeding to blooming, with a prolific flowering cycle that comes in flushes. Numerous seeds (about 750 per capsule) are obtained in three weeks after self- or cross-pollination. The influences of three genes that control flower color and pigmentation pattern can be conveniently demonstrated with their dominant and recessive alleles. The R gene controls flower color with red (RR or Rr) being dominant over yellow (rr). The D gene controls the density of pigmentation with solid (DD or Dd) color being dominant over dilute (dd) color. Corolla color striping is controlled by the St gene with striped (stst) being recessive to nonstriped (StSt or Stst) pattern. By using diploid lines of genotypes RRDD (red, solid), RRdd (red, dilute), or rrdd (yellow, dilute) and their crosses, students can easily observe a dominant phenotypic expression in the F1 hybrid and the digenic 9:3:3:1 segregation ratio in the F2 progeny. Another gene (C) that controls flower opening can also be used to show its influence on cleistogamous (closed, selfpollinated, CC or Cc) versus normal chasmogamous (open-pollinated, cc) corolla development. In addition, the induction and use of polyploid (4x) plants in plant breeding can also be demonstrated using this species.
Regulation of Nitrogen Uptake at the Whole-plant Level: A Study in Almond Trees
Authors: Youssefi Farbod , Brown Patrick H. , Weinbaum Steve A.
Published: December 2018

It has been proposed that a pool of amino N, whose size is determined by aboveground N demand, cycles in the plant and regulates soil N uptake by exerting an inhibitory effect at the root level. Several experiments were carried out to study this hypothesis in almond trees [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]. Based on the evidence found, there is an association, at the whole tree level, between sap N content and soil N uptake. The data are consistent with the possibility that increased phloem sap amino acids result in decreased uptake of soil N.
Using Nutrient Uptake Patterns to Develop Efficient Nitrogen Management Strategies for Vegetables
Authors: Sanchez Charles A. , Doerge Thomas A.
Published: December 2018

Nitrogen (N) in a soil that is not immediately taken up by a crop is subject to leaching, denitrification and other mechanisms of loss. Nitrogen uptake studies identify the total amount of N accumulated by the crop and the period of peak demand. This information can be used to devise management strategies aimed at supplying N preceding anticipated uptake. Split sidedress application, fertigation, and use of controlled release fertilizers (CRN) are all viable options for N management, depending on the crop production scenario and available infrastructure. Soil and plant tissue testing can be useful feedback tools for adjusting N applications for soil contributions of N and unexpected N losses. Efficient irrigation is of paramount importance in achieving efficient N fertilization regardless of management practice.
Timing Citrus and Avocado Foliar Nutrient Applications to Increase Fruit Set and Size
Authors: Lovatt Carol J.
Published: December 2018

The goal of this research was to identify the role essential nutrients play in the physiology of tree crops, and then to apply the nutrient as a foliar fertilizer to stimulate a specific metabolic process at phenological stages when nutrient demand is high. This approach has proven successful. A single winter prebloom foliar application of nitrogen as low-biuret urea [0.16 kg N/tree (0.35 lb N/tree)] to 30-year-old `Washington' navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) trees during flower initiation significantly increased yield and fruit number per tree for each of 3 consecutive years (P ≤ 0.05). The number of commercially valuable largesize fruit also increased significantly with yield increases (r2 = 0.88). Sodium tetraborate applied foliarly to `Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees at the cauliflower stage of inflorescence development (elongation of inflorescence secondary axes, pollen and ovule development) increased the number of pollen tubes reaching the ovule, ovule viability and cumulative yield (P ≤ 0.05). Additional examples are presented.
Plant Height Control by Photoselective Filters: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Rajapakse Nihal C. , Young Roy E. , McMahon Margaret J. , Oi Ryu
Published: December 2018

The interest in using nonchemical alternatives for growth control of horticultural crops has recently increased due to public concerns for food safety and environmental pollution. Several research teams around the world are investigating alternative growth control measures, such as genetic manipulation, temperature, water and nutrient management, mechanical conditioning, and light quality manipulation. This review discusses the recent developments in light quality manipulation as a nonchemical alternative for greenhouse plant height control.
Variations in African Violet `Crimson Frost' Micropropagated by Homogenized Leaf Tissue Culture
Authors: Paek Kee-Yoeup , Hahn Eun-Joo
Published: December 2018

Adventitious buds regenerated from homogenized leaf tissue of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. `Crimson Frost' were micropropagated to determine types and frequencies of the variants obtained. Plants grown for one year in a greenhouse showed 67% variation and 33% normality. A higher rate of variation was observed in leaf color rather than in leaf shape. The variations in leaf color and leaf shape were 67% and 19%, respectively. In regard to flower type, greater numbers of semidouble and double types were obtained as compared to single types. Both flower types showed a much higher rate of normal (mixed) color (81%) as compared to pink, red or white (19%). An sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile of protein extracted from leaves of the stock plants and the variants indicated no difference between them and did not reflect the variation in phenotype.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators Applied as Sprays or Media Drenches on Forcing of Dutch-grown Bleeding Heart as a Flowering Potted Plant
Authors: Kim Seung-Hyun , De Hertogh A.A. , Nelson P.V.
Published: December 2018

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of applied ancymidol, chlormequat, daminozide, paclobutrazol, and uniconazole on early spring (March) and late (May) spring forcing of Dutch-grown Bleeding Heart [Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem.] as a flowering pot plant. Most of the plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments delayed flowering, however, the average time to flower after planting was from 17 to 21 days for untreated plants and delays were only 3 to 6 days with PGR treatments. Thus, the effect is not important commercially. Acceptable plant quality and height control not only at flowering but also 14 days later was obtained with two sprays of 3000 mg·L-1 (ppm) daminozide or two sprays of 50 mg·L-1 paclobutrazol. Uniconazole reduced total plant height, however, because the inflorescence did not elongate, plant quality was greatly reduced. Most ancymidol sprays were phytotoxic producing a chlorosis of the leaf margins. Media drenches of ancymidol or chlormequat did not control total plant height. Sprays and media drenches of ancymidol, daminozide, paclobutrazol, and uniconazole produced plants with a very deep green leaf color, but chlormequat did not. The total number of shoots per tuberous root, the number of shoots with flowers, and stem strength were not significantly affected by PGR treatments. If the tuberous roots have been properly cold treated, they initiate growth rapidly after planting. Thus, the first PGR spray must be applied immediately after shoot growth is initiated, which was 6 to 8 days after planting, followed by a second spray 5 days later. Two applications are necessary because of uneven shoot emergence and growth from the tuberous roots.
Stand Survival, Establishment, and Yield of a Diploid and a Triploid Watermelon Transplants of Different Ages and Sizes
Authors: Duval John R. , NeSmith D. Scott
Published: December 2018

Age and cell size can have various effects on subsequent transplant production. The interaction of the two have not been studied in triploid watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai]. Seedless watermelon production is costly due to high seed prices, therefore it is necessary to optimize transplant performance in the field, and it is often thought that triploid watermelons are less hardy than their diploid counterparts. A 3 × 3 factorial design was established for 2 years to determine the effects of cell sizes 1.5, 3.4, and 7.9 inch3 (25, 56, and 130 cm3) and transplant age (4, 6, and 8 weeks) on the triploid watermelon `Genesis'. The diploid cultivar `Ferrari' was also planted for comparison. Seedling survival was affected by transplant age in 1997, and by cell size in 1998. Early main vine growth showed significant interaction between transplant age and cell size, with older transplants grown in the largest cells producing the longest vines. Early yield of 6-week-old transplants of `Genesis' was higher than 4- or 8-week-old transplants in 1997. Eight-week-old transplants of `Ferrari' outperformed younger transplants in 1997 and 1998. Results show that `Genesis' triploid watermelon transplants could be handled similarly to the diploid `Ferrari' without consequence.
Freeze and Frost Protection with Aqueous Foam— Foam Development
Authors: Choi Christopher Y. , Zimmt Werner , Giacomelli Gene
Published: December 2018

Aqueous foam was developed to serve as a barrier to conductive, convective, and radiative heat transfer. Through the use of a bulking agent, the physical properties of gelatin-based foam were more stable, adhesive, biodegradable, and long lasting. The phytotoxicity, possible environmental hazard and removal of the foam were also considered. Resistance to freezing-thawing, heating-evaporation, and wind were evaluated. Studies to determine the foam's long-term stability under field weather conditions were completed. The handling and performance characteristics of the foam necessary for development of this application were determined. Factors that affect the physical properties and the utilization of the foam were quantified. These included the proportions of the foam components, the mixing temperature of the prefoam solution, the application temperature, and the rate of foam generation. The newly developed foam might be ideal for freeze and frost protection in agriculture.
Freeze and Frost Protection with Aqueous Foam— Field Experiments
Authors: Choi Christopher Y. , Giacomelli Gene
Published: December 2018

Newly formulated aqueous foam was tested in the field. The foam demonstrated the longevity necessary for practical field use. Soil temperatures beneath an insulation layer of aqueous foam were measured to determine the effectiveness of foam as soil mulch. Leaf temperature within a canopy was monitored to observe the modification of plant leaf temperature, and to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of foam applied directly to the leaf canopy. Leaves were not damaged after being covered with the foam for two weeks. The foam-protected soil was effectively insulated, and the aqueous foam proved to be an effective radiation shield against the cold night sky. Temperature differences as high as 5 °C (9 °F) were measured between the foam-covered and uncovered copper metal plates, which were used to simulate plant leaves. The foam covered plates were ≈80% as effective as the aluminum foil covered plates in reducing radiation heat transfer.
Costs and Returns of Growing Selected Medicinal Herbs in New Mexico Indicate Positive Return to Land and Risk Likely
Authors: Falk Constance L. , van Voorthuizen Hildegard , Wall Marisa M. , Kleitz Kathryn M. , Guldan Steven J. , Martin Charles A.
Published: December 2018

Cost and return estimates are presented for selected medicinal herbs grown in a plant-spacing study at two sites in New Mexico. The selected herbs were echinacea [Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench], valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.), and yerba mansa (Anemopsis californica Nutt.). Significant returns to land and risk were observed in the crops grown at the closest plant spacing, 12 inches (30 cm). Return to land and risk after two growing seasons from echinacea was estimated for a 10-acre (4-ha) farm to be $16,093/acre ($39,750/ha) in Las Cruces and $14,612/acre ($36,092/ha) in Alcalde.
JEAN PAUL SARTRE’IN ÖZGÜRLÜK ANLAYIŞININ ÖNEMİ
Authors: AKKOÇ Nejla
Published: December 2018

20. yüzyılın önde gelen filozof yazarlarından
biri olan Jean Paul Sartre’ın özgürlük anlayışını çağdaşlarından ayıran en
önemli nokta da özgürlük kavramını sorumluluk, bunaltı ve seçme kavramlarıyla
ilişkisini kurgulayarak ele almış olmasıdır. Sartre’ın özgürlüğe dair
söylemleri günümüzde de hala etkisini sürdürmektedir; çünkü Sartre’da özgürlük
tür olarak insan yaşamında bir olanak olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tabi
özgürlüğün bir olanak dâhilinde olması, özgür olduğunun farkında olan bazı
kişilerin bu olanakları faaliyete geçirmesiyle mümkündür. Eğer bu var olan
olanaklar kişi yaşamında faaliyete geçirilirse, özgürlük tam da bu noktada kişi
özgürlüğü haline gelir. İnsanın kişi olarak tek olması, birey olması, özel
olması kendindeki olanakları, var olanları aşabilecek noktaları bulabilmesiyle
ilgilidir. Aslında Sartre burada özgürlük kavramını sorumluluk kavramıyla
birlikte ele alarak bizlere “ben” olmanın, “kişi” olmanın olanağını göstermeye
çalışmaktadır; çünkü eylemlerimizin sorumluluğunu üstlenebilmek günümüzde de
geçerli ve gerekli olan bir şeydir. Sartre’ın bizlere söylediği şeyler halen
yenidir; çünkü her eylem aslında hem bizleri hem de tür olarak insanı
belirlemektedir.
Exploration of Ecological Footprint in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabian Developed Waterfronts: The Case of King Abdullah Seafront Park (KASP) – Dammam
Authors: Al-Sulbi Ali O.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Sustainable development identifies the requirements for the environmental enhancements while preserving a balance among environmental factors. Sustainable integrated systems reinforced or promoted the persistence of the structural and operational components into the natural component.

Objective:

The study aims to apply a modified ecological footprint model to assess how much the ecosystem functions were affected by the development of urban waterfronts in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A modified ecological footprint model has been applied to assess the outcomes obtained from the ecosystem functions of urban waterfronts.

Results:

The study revealed alteration or embedment of natural processes in all developed urban waterfronts; leading to loss of biodiversity, diminishment of site productivity, and increase of hidden costs regarding maintenance and replacement. It has positive performance in biodiversity enrichment, continuous productivity, maintenance and enhancement of natural physical and biological processes.

Conclusion:

The sustainable designs for urban waterfronts should aiming for the enhancement of natural processes for the productivity of coastal areas.
Metal Nanoparticles from Algae: A Green Approach for the Synthesis, Characterization and their Biological Activity
Authors: Arya Anju , Chundawat Tejpal Singh
Published: December 2018

In recent time, green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is the latest developing technology and
received prodigious interest because it is easy, environmentally pristine, non-fouling, antitoxic, and lowcost
approach. Green route of biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles via microbes such as bacteria,
fungi, virus, yeast and algae has the potential to deliver sustainable and enviro safe protocol. Green
synthesized metal nanoparticles are the most optimistic and novel agent for various catalytic and biological
activities as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer etc. without any toxic effects. Here, we reviewed
algae-mediated green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and their biological activity. Algae
are photoautotrophic, eukaryotic, aquatic, unicellular or multicellular organisms. Algae commonly used
for biosynthesis because they grow rapidly, their biomass growth on average ten times faster than higher
plants and easy to handle experiments with algal species. Different algal strains such as red, green and
brown algae are using for the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Algae contain bioactive molecules
and secondary metabolites that act as reducing, capping and stabilizing agent for manufacturing in nanoparticles.
Biogenically synthesized metal and metal oxide nanoparticles characterized by different techniques
such as UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), HR-TEM (high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), DLS
(dynamic light scattering) zeta potential and exhibited biological activity. In future, research algal production
of metal nanoparticles can be explored by the use of different microalgae and their applications in
different areas such as biological activity, catalytic activity in the synthesis of organic compounds, medical
diagnose and synthesis of nanocomposite, lipid nanoparticles and antibiofilm.
Effect of Size and Shape on Refractive Index, Dielectric Constant and Band Gap of Semiconducting Nanowire
Authors: Patel Ghanshyam , Singh Madan , Pandya Tushar
Published: December 2018

Background:

On decreasing size down to nanoscale, the optical and electronics properties
of semiconductors become tunable instead of being constant.

Methods:

Based on classical and quantum approach, a simple integrated theoretical model is
presented without any adjustable parameter to study the size and shape effect on the refractive
index, dielectric constant and bang gap of the semiconducting nanowire. The model predicts that
with the decrease in the size of the semiconducting nanowire, dielectric constant and refractive
index reduces, whereas as band gap enhances.

Results:

The theory reveals that the behavior exhibited by cylindrical and noncylindrical
nanowires differs due to their different shape factors.

Conclusion:

Agreement of our predicted results with the available experimental and simulated
results and with the other theoretical models validates the present work.
Polianthes venustuliflora (Asparagaceae, Agavoideae), una especie nueva endémica de Michoacán, México
Authors: Solano Camacho Eloy , García Mendoza Abisaí Josué , Ríos-Gómez Ramiro
Published: December 2018

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Polianthes es un género endémico de México conformado por 19 especies, incluida la que aquí se describe. Durante la revisión sistemática del género se efectuó una exploración botánica por toda su área de distribución geográfica conocida, descubriéndose varias especies nuevas, algunas ya fueron descritas y publicadas. Aquí se describe e ilustra P. venustuliflora, endémica del estado de Michoacán, la cual se diferencia de P. montana y P. platyphylla.Métodos: Se revisaron especímenes de Polianthes recolectados en el norte de Michoacán, provenientes de diferentes herbarios nacionales y dos extranjeros, con características morfológicas diferentes a las especies ya descritas. Asimismo, se realizó una exploración botánica por la zona indicada, para preparar ejemplares de herbario, en los cuales se evaluaron caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos que permitieron separar a Polianthes venustuliflora de especies morfológicamente similares. La categoría de riesgo se evaluó con base en el método propuesto por la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza.Resultados clave: Se describe e ilustra Polianthes venustuliflora, una especie nueva del estado de Michoacán, México, la cual se relaciona morfológicamente con P. montana y P. platyphylla, y difiere de éstas por presentar 3 a 7 hojas en la roseta, a veces 9, hojas de 12 a 35, rara vez 40 cm de largo, con margen papiloso a regularmente denticulado; largo de la inflorescencia de 24 a 68 cm y número de nudos florales de 3 a 7. Se le asigna la categoría de riesgo en Peligro Crítico (CR).Conclusiones: Polianthes venustuliflora es endémica del norte de Michoacán. De acuerdo con el criterio B de la IUCN se considera una especie en Peligro Crítico (CR).
Quantum Interference of Force
Authors: Corrêa Raul , Cenni Marina F. B. , Saldanha Pablo L.
Published: December 2018

We show that a quantum particle subjected to a positive force in one path of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a null force in the other path may receive a negative average momentum transfer when it leaves the interferometer by a particular exit. In this scenario, an ensemble of particles may receive an average momentum in the opposite direction of the applied force due to quantum interference, a behavior with no classical analogue. We discuss some experimental schemes that could verify the effect with current technology, with electrons or neutrons in Mach-Zehnder interferometers in free space and with atoms from a Bose-Einstein condensate.
Prácticas artísticas y calidad de vida en jóvenes universitarios integrantes de grupos artísticos
Authors: Díaz Heredia Luz Patricia , Urrego Méndez Mónica Del Pilar , Herrera Becerra Ana María , Rodríguez Cruz Gloria Alicia
Published: December 2018

Introducción. La cultura y sus expresiones artísticas constituyen un componente fundamental en la vida y la formación integral de los seres humanos. La relación entre cultura y educación es bidireccional, pues hace parte de un mismo proceso encaminado a potenciar capacidades personales, generar bienestar y desarrollo humano. Con el fin de reconocer el aporte de la cultura al ámbito universitario, se propuso desarrollar una investigación que tuvo como objetivo identificar la influencia de las prácticas artísticas en la calidad de vida de un grupo de jóvenes universitarios pertenecientes a grupos en los que se aprenden y desarrollan diversas prácticas artísticas. Material y Método. Estudio cualitativo con análisis de contenido. Resultados. Se reconoció la influencia de las prácticas artísticas en cinco categorías que teóricamente son soportadas por las dimensiones previamente identificadas en la revisión de la literatura del constructo calidad de vida: Bienestar físico “Tomo conciencia de mi cuerpo y sus potencialidades”, Bienestar emocional “Me encanta lo que hago”, Bienestar Social “Mi grupo es mi segunda familia”, Bienestar Material “El arte me abre nuevas posibilidades de ocupación” y Desarrollo personal “El arte transformó mi vida”. Conclusión. Como conclusión se señala que existe una influencia positiva en la calidad de vida de los individuos que desarrollan prácticas artísticas, al contribuir de manera importante en el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de las diferentes dimensiones del ser, promoviendo el desarrollo integral, la prevención, promoción de la salud y la sana convivencia.
Cuidado de enfermería con enfoque de integralidad en salud, aplicado a una escolar hospitalizada
Authors: Dahrbacun Solis Nephtali Dan , Peña Silva Beatriz , Melo Severino Andrea
Published: December 2018

Tras la experiencia de cuidar durante la práctica clínica de pregrado, el estudio de caso es la estrategia investigativa que permite comprender en profundidad los aspectos físicos, emocionales, comunicativos, espirituales y sociales insertos en la dinámica del proceso de enfermería. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el caso de una escolar hospitalizada, con el fin de identificar los ámbitos del ejercicio profesional del enfermero/a que debieran ser abordados para otorgarle cuidados integrales. Además, se espera promover la importancia de la utilización del proceso de enfermería y su resguardo legal. El estudio de caso se desarrolló a través de las cinco etapas que considera el Proceso de enfermería, destacando la relevancia de una valoración exhaustiva y comprometida, utilizando como sustento la Teoría de las 14 necesidades de Henderson, para obtener la información necesaria y planificar un cuidado con enfoque de integralidad en salud y adaptado a la etapa del desarrollo infantil de la escolar. Luego del análisis del estudio de caso se determinó la priorización de un problema psicosocial, lo que estimula a la reflexión de la importancia que se otorga a este ámbito y nuestra intervención frente a un niño hospitalizado
Diagnóstico de estrés por sobrecarga basado en el modelo conceptual de Imogene King
Authors: Pérez Ortiz Natalia , Vílchez Barboza Vivian
Published: December 2018

El presente estudio de caso se realizó en un adulto trabajador de una institución pública costarricense. Se utilizó el Modelo Conceptual de Interacción de Sistemas de Imogene King y su teoría de Consecución de Objetivos. La metodología establecida para el estudio de caso fue a través de la aplicación del Proceso de Enfermería y la utilización del lenguaje taxonómico como indicador empírico para la planiicación del cuidado; NANDA en la expresión de diagnósticos, NOC para la Clasiicación de los Resultados de Enfermería (NOC) y NIC para la Clasiicación de Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC). Se desarrolló un plan de cuidados priorizando las necesidades, con intervenciones que dieron respuesta a dichas necesidades. Como resultado se obtuvo la evidencia de la gestión del cuidado de enfermería en un ambiente laboral, a una persona con diagnóstico de estrés por sobrecarga.
El repositorio digital como posibilidad de preservación de la cultura artística / The digital repository as a possibility of preserving artistic culture
Authors: Granados Valdéz Juan
Published: December 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los principales pasos seguidos en la creación del Repositorio Digital de la Cultura Artística(ReDCA), el cual ha sido diseñado con el propósito de salvaguardar y divulgar la cultura artística de estudiantes, profesores y egresados de la licenciatura en Artes Visuales de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Para este fin, se han implementado tanto metodologías de las ciencias humanas como herramientas informáticas y de edición digital. En concreto, para la gestión de arquitecturas de redes y comunicación se eligieron los siguientes recursos: un servidor Linux Ubuntu 16.04,el lenguaje de programación Php 5.6,la licencia Apache 2.0,el sistema de gestión de bases de datos Mysql y la plataforma Omeka en su versión 2.5.2, la cual ofrece un manejo sencillo y amable tanto para administradores como parausuarios. Hasta el momento se considera que la meta principal de este trabajo ha sido alcanzada, pues el repositorio ya se encuentra en línea y sus colecciones están creciendo, lo cual ofrecerá beneficios sociales, ya quecon esta iniciativa se podrán proteger, divulgar e incluso estudiar las obras digitalizadas.
Biopolymer of Chitosan from Fish Scales as Natural Coagulant for Iron–Contaminated Groundwater Treatment
Authors: Irawan Chairul , Nata Iryanti Fatyasari , Putra Meilana Dharma , Marisa Rosmasari , Asnia Mira , Arifin Yulian Firmana
Published: December 2018

Chitosan, the de-acetylated chitin derivative, was evaluated for its ability to be used as a natural coagulant for Martapura groundwater treatment. This study is used chitosan derived from original fish scales of Kalimantan called Papuyu (Anabas testudineus) for the treatment of iron ion-containing Martapura groundwater through coagulation-flocculation method. The reduction efficiency of iron ion removed by coagulation-flocculation processes using chitosan from Papuyu fish scales is the primary evaluating parameter. The obtained chitosan have been characterized and analyzed by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Fluroscence (XRF) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using of the chitosan from Papuyu fish scales as coagulant at neutral pH and room temperature led to decreasing the groundwater iron concentration become 3.43 mg/L (around 71% removal). The result was then compare to the coagulation-flocculation treatment using the commercial chitosan from shrimps shell (93% deacetylated). Moreover, its found the coagulation-flocculation treatment using the chitosan from fish scales as coagulant more favor than the commercial one.
Karakterisasi dan Analisa Kinerja Membran Selulosa Asetat untuk penyisihan logam berat Kromium dan Kadmium dalam air dengan Proses Ultrafiltrasi
Authors: Safiah Safiah , Mulyati Sri
Published: December 2018

Membran seluosa asetat telah dibuat dengan metode inversi fasa dengan penambahan aditif Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)  ke dalam larutan casting. Pengaruh penambahan aditif PEG dengan variasi berat molekul (2kDa, 6 kDa dan 20 kDa) dipelajari terhadap karakteristik dan kinerja membran. Penambahan aditif PEG meningkatkan fluks air murni, hidrofilisitas, dan kekasaran membran. Kecenderungan yang sama juga diperoleh terhadap peningkatan berat molekul PEG yang ditambahkan ke dalam larutan casting.  Nilai fluks air murni dari meningkat dari 45 L/m2.jam (membran CA murni) ke 59,8 L/m2.jam (CA PEG20kDa). Hidrofilisitas membran meningkat dengan menurunnnya nilai water contact angle dari 63,75o untuk membran CA murni ke 55,58o untuk membran CAPEG 20kDa. Kekasaran membran meningkat dari 6.27± 0,34 nm ke 9.8 0.40 nm. Penambahan aditif PEG ke dalam larutan casting menyebabkan rejeksi terhadap logam kromium dan kadmium menurun. Hal ini disebabkan aditif PEG merupakan agen pembentuk pori yang menyebabkan zat terlarut (logam kromium atau kadmium)lebih mudah melewati membran.
Pengaruh pH dan Dosis NaOCl terhadap Penurunan Kadar COD dan Klor Bebas pada Limbah Cair Produksi Monomer Vinyl Klorida
Authors: Ratnawati Ratnawati , Yoshi Linda Aliffia , Wibawa Surya Aji
Published: December 2018

Limbah cair dari produksi monomer vinyl klorida merupakan limbah yang mempunyai kandungan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang tinggi yaitu sekitar 1000 ppm dan Biohemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) sekitar 500 ppm, sedangkan nilai maksimal standar baku mutu air buangan ke badan air adalah 250 ppm untuk COD dan 100 ppm untuk BOD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pH dan dosis NaOCl terhadap penurunan COD dan kadar klor bebas serta untuk mendapatkan nilai pH dan dosis NaOCl yang optimal. Limbah cair produksi monomer vinyl klorida yang digunakan adalah limbah dari Pabrik X yang berada di Cilegon. Kadar COD yang tinggi disebabkan oleh kandungan senyawa Na(COOH) dalam limbah cair tersebut. Penurunkan nilai COD telah dilakukan dengan penambahan NaOCl yang merupakan salah satu produk dari Pabrik X tersebut sebesar 10 gam/jam pada pH 2, namun hasilnya belum memenuhi persyaratan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan variasi pH pada 2, 5 dan 8 serta dosis NaOCl yang ditambahkan sebesar 10, 20, 30, 40 dan 50 gram/jam dengan laju alir limbah cair yang diolah di unit pengolahan limbah cair tersebut sebesar 20 m3/jam. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah kadar COD dan kadar klor bebas sebelum dan sesudah proses. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pH 5 dengan dosis NaOCl 40 dan 50 gram/jam, proses ini memberikan hasil terbaik karena dapat menurunkan kadar COD dari 1034 sampai 190 dan 130 ppm (efisiensi penurunan 82,5 dan 87 %) dengan kadar klor bebas 0,8 dan 1 ppm yang telah memenuhi nilai baku mutu sesuai peraturan pemerintah.
Marulda Bitkisel Özellikler, Bazı Kalite Özellikleri ve Besin Elementleri Arasındaki İlişkilerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KİBAR Beyhan
Published: December 2018

Bu
çalışma, farklı oranlarda vermikompost uygulanarak yetiştirilen marulda
bitkisel özellikler, bazı kalite özellikleri ve besin elementleri arasındaki
ilişkileri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, 2017 yılı sonbahar
yetiştirme döneminde Karabük ili’nde ısıtmasız plastik serada yürütülmüş ve Maritima
çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada
19 adet bitkisel ve kalite ile ilgili özellik ile 21 adet element
incelenmiştir. İncelenen özellikler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen
özelliklere ait minimum ve maksimum
değerler, ortalamalar, standart hatalar, standart sapmalar ve varyasyon
katsayıları belirlenmiştir. Farklı gübre uygulamalarının kullanıldığı marulda; bitki boyu 16.00-30.00 cm, bitki yaş ağırlığı 133.80-320.90 g, pazarlanabilir yaprak sayısı 18-36,
klorofil miktarı 13.10-29.30 spad, azot içeriği %4.29-6.98, fosfor içeriği
2211-3711 mg kg-1 ve potasyum içeriği 17129-25354 mg kg-1arasında değişiklik göstermiştir.
Çalışmada vermikompost uygulamalarının marulda bitki gelişimi, kalite ve bitki besin elementi içeriği
üzerine olumlu etkilerinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Korelasyon
analizinin sonucunda, yaprak boyu ile yaprak eni arasında (r = 0.827**) ve kuru
madde oranı ile suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı arasında (r = 0.802*) önemli ve oldukça yüksek pozitif
ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, en önemli verim parametresi olan bitki yaş ağırlığı ile bitki kuru ağırlığı, yaprak boyu, bitki boyu ve yaprak eni arasında önemli ve pozitif korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Elementler arasındaki ilişkiler
incelendiğinde, en yüksek
pozitif önemli korelasyon demir ile
krom (r = 0.822**) arasında tespit edilmiştir. Buna
ilave olarak, demir ile mangan, kalsiyum ve alüminyum arasında; sodyum ile magnezyum ve potasyum arasında; nikel ile alüminyum arasında ve
mangan ile kalsiyum arasında önemli ve oldukça yüksek pozitif korelasyonlar
belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, marul ıslah programlarında yapılacak
seleksiyonlarda analiz sonuçlarının dikkate alınması gerektiği söylenebilir.
“WE NEED CHARACTER!”: Remembering Alexander Crummell’s Appeal to Postbellum African Americans
Authors: Gimeno Pahissa Laura
Published: December 2018

The following article offers a study and reassessment of the controversial figure of Alexander Crummell, an African American leader whose influence has been neglected by most scholars. His postbellum ideas on the advancement of black people influenced some of his contemporaries like Booker T. Washington and even later leaders such as W. E. B. DuBois. The article also offers an interpretation of two of Crummell’s most famous speeches on the future of his race, which suggest possible solutions to the tensions and problems experienced by his people after the end of the Civil War.