bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Extent and Determinants of Dissonance between Actual and Preferred Residential Neighborhood Type
Authors: Schwanen Tim , Mokhtarian Patricia L
Published: August 2004

Although households' general preference for low-density residential environments is well documented in the literature, little research in geography and urban planning has explicitly investigated how many and which households experience a state of mismatch in terms of land-use patterns between their preferred residential neighborhood type and the type of neighborhood where they currently reside. Using data from 1358 commuters living in three communities in the San Francisco Bay Area, in this study we find that nearly a quarter of the residents live in a neighborhood type that does not match their land-use related preferences. The results of an investigation of the determinants of such dissonance are consistent with existing knowledge about residential preferences. It is shown that single suburban dwellers and large households and families in the city are more likely to be mismatched, or experience higher levels of mismatch in terms of neighborhood type. Further, the extent of mismatch is clearly related to automobile orientation, as well as to lifestyles and personality traits. The results suggest that policies aiming to attract a diverse market to neotraditional, high-density neighborhoods may not be as effective as decisionmakers and planners hope. If a broad range of households is artificially attracted to such new developments (for example, through providing financial advantages or other policy incentives), this might on average result in lower levels of residential satisfaction, higher residential mobility, lower sense of community, and enduring auto dependency. On the other hand, it is encouraging to see that there is also a substantial proportion of suburban dwellers preferring high-density environments. Relaxation of land-use laws in existing suburban communities might be successful in reducing residential neighborhood type dissonance for these types of suburban dwellers, but perhaps at the cost of increasing dissonance for the suburbanites preferring lower densities. It would be valuable to investigate whether there is a mix of densities and uses that would optimally satisfy both types of preferences.
Spatial Representation and Scale Impacts in Transit Service Assessment
Authors: Horner Mark W , Murray Alan T
Published: August 2004

There has been much research over the past decade on aspects of bus-transit-system service and performance. Common to studies is the necessity that the population served by systems be estimated. Usually this entails delineating areas for which demand is covered through the use of geographic information systems (GIS), as well as deciding on how best to represent potential ridership spatially. However, little attention has been paid to spatial issues inherent in these choices. Research has emphasized the modeling of transit problems using GIS rather than giving explicit attention to the spatial considerations underlying analyses. To this end, we investigate issues of spatial representation in transit studies. A GIS-based analysis of bus transit for a small urban municipality is utilized to highlight that estimates of service coverage are sensitive to the choice of areal units representing ridership (scale), whether individual stops or routes are used to determine access, and how network versus Euclidean distances affect estimates. As such, spatial representation and modeling sensitivity are evaluated in the context of transit-service provision. The study results suggest that representation issues are critical in evaluating transit access in the context of planning and policy development using GIS.
Colonist Household Decisionmaking and Land-Use Change in the Amazon Rainforest: An Agent-Based Simulation
Authors: Deadman Peter , Robinson Derek , Moran Emilio , Brondizio Eduardo
Published: August 2004

An agent-based model was developed as a tool designed to explore our understanding of spatial, social, and environmental issues related to land-use/cover change. The model focuses on a study site in a region of the Amazon frontier, characterized by the development of family farms on 100-ha lots arranged along the Transamazon highway and a series of side roads, west of Altamira, Brazil. The model simulates the land-use behaviour of farming households on the basis of a heuristic decisionmaking strategy that utilizes burn quality, subsistence requirements, household characteristics, and soil quality as key factors in the decisionmaking process. Farming households interact through a local labour pool. The effects of the land-use decisions made by households affect the land cover of their plots and ultimately that of the region. This paper describes this model, referred to as LUCITA, and presents preliminary results showing land-cover changes that compare well with observed land-use and land-cover changes in the region.
A preliminary annotated checklist of the marine algae and seagrasses of the Wallis Islands (French Overseas Territory of Wallis and Futuna), South Pacific
Authors: N'Yeurt Antoine D. R. , Payri Claude E.
Published: August 2004

A total of 194 species of marine algae (14 Cyanobacteria, 41 Chlorophyta, 11 Heterokontophyta and 128 Rhodophyta), as well as three species of seagrasses, represent the first published records for the isolated island of Wallis, South Pacific. The flora has its strongest affinities with Fiji and Rotuma, followed by Samoa and French Polynesia. The lack of diverse habitats and its geographical location are invoked to explain the relatively low species richness compared with localities such as Fiji and Samoa. The flora has a typically tropical component dominated by encrusting coralline red algae, the calcified green algal genera Halimeda, and assemblages of Cyanobacteria. Normally ubiquitous species such as Halimeda discoidea, and the brown algal genera Hydroclathrus, Colpomenia, Rosenvingea, Asteronema, and Chnoospora are notably absent from the island, perhaps due to seasonality and the lack of suitable habitats. The minute epiphytic red alga Acrochaetium kurogii is reported for the first time outside of its type locality in Japan, while two as yet unidentified species of red algae (Gracilaria sp. and Sebdenia sp.) could represent new taxa if further useful material is found.
Potential use of myxoma virus and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus to control feral rabbits in the Kerguelen Archipelago
Authors: Cooke B. D. , Chapuis J.-L. , Magnet V. , Lucas A. , Kovaliski J.
Published: August 2004

Rabbits have caused enormous damage to the vegetation on seven islands in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago, including the main island, Grande Terre. Rabbit sera collected during 2001–02 were tested for antibodies against myxoma virus and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus with a view to considering the wider use of these viruses to control rabbits. The results confirmed work done 15–20 years earlier that suggested that myxoma virus has not spread across all parts of Grande Terre and occurs at low prevalence among rabbits. By contrast, on Ile du Cimetière, where European rabbit fleas were introduced in 1987–88, the prevalence of myxoma antibodies is high and the rabbit population is relatively low, supporting the idea that the fleas are effective vectors of myxoma virus. Consequently, there should be benefits in releasing fleas on Grand Terre to enhance disease transmission. Reactivity of some rabbit sera in RHD-specific ELISAs suggested that a virus similar to RHDV may be present at low prevalence on Grande Terre but most rabbits are likely to be susceptible and this virus could be considered for use as a future biological control agent.
Foraging ecology of the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus megaphyllus (Rhinolophidae), in eastern Australia
Authors: Pavey Chris R. , Burwell Chris J.
Published: August 2004

The foraging ecology of the eastern horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus megaphyllus, was examined at five sites spread along 2100 km of its Australian distribution in coastal Queensland. Foraging strategy and prey-capture behaviour of light-tagged bats were similar across sites. Bats were observed foraging during continuous flight at all sites, whereas perch hunting was observed (rarely) at only one site. Bats captured insects by aerial hawking, with a single record of gleaning. In rainforest bats spent most time close to vegetation whereas openings were favoured in open forest/woodland. Only flying insects were captured and, although a wide range of taxa was taken, Lepidoptera (all sites) and Coleoptera (all sites except one) were the primary prey. Occurrence in faeces of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and other taxa combined, varied across sites and across seasons, but there was no three-way interaction between taxon, site and season. Comparison of insect taxa in faeces with those captured in a light-trap set at foraging grounds indicated that insects were selectively captured by R. megaphyllus. The foraging ecology of R. megaphyllus is similar to that of other horseshoe bats in its relative stability across a large geographic range. Although the species is currently not of conservation concern in Australia, aspects of its foraging ecology suggest that it may become regionally threatened in areas with high levels of vegetation clearance.
Biochemical evidence for the association of fragile X mental retardation protein with brain polyribosomal ribonucleoparticles
Authors: Khandjian Edouard W. , Huot Marc-Etienne , Tremblay Sandra , Davidovic Laetitia , Mazroui Rachid , Bardoni Barbara
Published: August 2004

Fragile X syndrome is caused by the absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). This RNA-binding protein is widely expressed in human and mouse tissues, and it is particularly abundant in the brain because of its high expression in neurons, where it localizes in the cell body and in granules throughout dendrites. Although FMRP is thought to regulate trafficking of repressed mRNA complexes and to influence local protein synthesis in synapses, it is not known whether it has additional functions in the control of translation in the cell body. Here, we have used recently developed approaches to investigate whether FMRP is associated with the translation apparatus. We demonstrate that, in the brain, FMRP is present in actively translating polyribosomes, and we show that this association is acutely sensitive to the type of detergent required to release polyribosomes from membranous structures. In addition, proteomic analyses of purified brain polyribosomes reveal the presence of several RNA-binding proteins that, similarly to FMRP, have been previously localized in neuronal granules. Our findings highlight the complex roles of FMRP both in actively translating polyribosomes and in repressed trafficking ribonucleoparticle granules.
Spherical functions on mixed symmetric spaces
Authors: Krötz Bernhard , Neeb Karl-Hermann , Ólafsson Gestur
Published: August 2004

In this article we compute the spherical functions which are associated to hyperbolically ordered symmetric spacesH∖GH\backslash G. These spaces are usually not semisimple; one prominent example is given by<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H minus upper G equals left-parenthesis double-struck upper R Superscript n Baseline right-normal-factor-semidirect-product normal upper G normal l left-parenthesis n comma double-struck upper R right-parenthesis right-parenthesis minus left-parenthesis upper H Subscript n Baseline right-normal-factor-semidirect-product normal upper S normal p left-parenthesis n comma double-struck upper R right-parenthesis right-parenthesis">H∖G=(Rn⋊Gl(n,R))∖(Hn⋊Sp(n,R))H\backslash G= ({\mathbb R}^n\rtimes {\mathrm {Gl}}(n,{\mathbb R}))\backslash (H_n\rtimes {\mathrm {Sp}} (n,{\mathbb R}))withHnH_nthe(2n+1)(2n+1)-dimensional Heisenberg group.
Projective rational smoothness of varieties of representations for quivers of type 𝐴
Authors: Schiffler Ralf
Published: August 2004

Let

U

+

{\mathbf U}^+

be the positive part of the quantized enveloping algebra

U

{\mathbf U}

of type

A
n

A_n

. The change of basis between canonical, and PBW-basis of

U

+

{\mathbf U}^+

has a geometric interpretation in terms of local intersection cohomology of some affine algebraic varieties, namely the Zariski closures of orbits of representations of a quiver of type

A
n

A_n

. In this paper we study the local rational smoothness of these orbit closures and, in particular, the rational smoothness of their projectivization.
Left cells in type 𝐵_{𝑛} with unequal parameters
Authors: Bonnafé Cédric , Iancu Lacrimioara
Published: August 2004

Kazhdan and Lusztig have shown that the partition of the symmetric groupSn{\mathfrak {S}}_ninto left cells is given by the Robinson–Schensted correspondence. The aim of this paper is to provide a similar description of the left cells in typeBnB_nfor a special class of choices of unequal parameters. This is based on a generalization of the Robinson–Schensted correspondence in typeBnB_n. We provide an explicit description of the left cell representations and show that they are irreducible and constructible.
Parametrizations of flag varieties
Authors: Marsh B. , Rietsch K.
Published: August 2004

For the flag variety

G

/

B

G/B

of a reductive algebraic group

G
G

we define and describe explicitly a certain (set-theoretical) cross-section

ϕ
:
G

/

B
→
G

\phi : G/B\to G

. The definition of

ϕ
\phi

depends only on a choice of reduced expression for the longest element

w
0

w_0

in the Weyl group

W
W

. It assigns to any

g
B

gB

a representative

g
∈
G

g\in G

together with a factorization into simple root subgroups and simple reflections. The cross-section

ϕ
\phi

is continuous along the components of Deodhar’s decomposition of

G

/

B

G/B

. We introduce a generalization of the Chamber Ansatz and give formulas for the factors of

g
=
ϕ
(
g
B
)

g=\phi (gB)

. These results are then applied to parametrize explicitly the components of the totally nonnegative part of the flag variety

(
G

/

B

)

≥
0

(G/B)_{\ge 0}

defined by Lusztig, giving a new proof of Lusztig’s conjectured cell decomposition of

(
G

/

B

)

≥
0

(G/B)_{\ge 0}

. We also give minimal sets of inequalities describing these cells.
Explicit matrices for irreducible representations of Weyl groups
Authors: Stembridge John
Published: August 2004

We present algorithms for constructing explicit matrices for every irreducible representation of a Weyl group, with particular emphasis on the exceptional groups. The algorithms we present will produce representing matrices in either of two forms: real orthogonal, with matrix entries that are square roots of rationals, or rational and seminormal. In both cases, the matrices are “hereditary” in the sense that they behave well with respect to restriction along a chosen chain of parabolic subgroups.
Character sheaves on disconnected groups, II
Authors: Lusztig G.
Published: August 2004

In this paper we establish the generalized Springer correspondence for possibly disconnected groups.
Character sheaves on disconnected groups, IV
Authors: Lusztig G.
Published: August 2004

We construct a basis for the space of invariant functions on the rational points of a possibly disconnected reductive group over a finite field, coming from intersection cohomology
On the equivariant K-theory of the nilpotent cone in the general linear group
Authors: Achar Pramod
Published: August 2004

Let

G
G

be a simple complex algebraic group. Lusztig and Vogan have conjectured the existence of a natural bijection between the set of dominant integral weights of

G
G

, and the set of pairs consisting of a nilpotent orbit and a finite-dimensional irreducible representation of the isotropy group of the orbit. This conjecture has been proved by Bezrukavnikov. In this paper, we develop combinatorial algorithms for computing the bijection and its inverse in the case of

G
=
G
L
(
n
,

C

)

G = GL(n,\mathbb {C})

.
Double affine Hecke algebras and Calogero-Moser spaces
Authors: Oblomkov Alexei
Published: August 2004

In this paper we prove that the spherical subalgebra

e

H

1
,
τ

e

eH_{1,\tau }e

of the double affine Hecke algebra

H

1
,
τ

H_{1,\tau }

is an integral Cohen-Macaulay algebra isomorphic to the center

Z
Z

of

H

1
,
τ

H_{1,\tau }

, and

H

1
,
τ

e

H_{1,\tau }e

is a Cohen-Macaulay

e

H

1
,
τ

e

eH_{1,\tau }e

-module with the property

H

1
,
τ

=

End

e

H

1
,
τ

e

⁡
(

H

1
,
τ

e
)

H_{1,\tau }=\operatorname {End}_{eH_{1,\tau }e}(H_{1,\tau }e)

when

τ
\tau

is not a root of unity. In the case of the root system

A

n
−
1

A_{n-1}

the variety

Spec
⁡
(
Z
)

\operatorname {Spec}(Z)

is smooth and coincides with the completion of the configuration space of the Ruijenaars-Schneider system. It implies that the module

e

H

1
,
τ

eH_{1,\tau }

is projective and all irreducible finite dimensional representations of

H

1
,
τ

H_{1,\tau }

are isomorphic to the regular representation of the finite Hecke algebra.
Activation of Chaperone-mediated Autophagy during Oxidative Stress
Authors: Kiffin Roberta , Christian Christopher , Knecht Erwin , Cuervo Ana Maria
Published: August 2004

Oxidatively damaged proteins accumulate with age in almost all cell types and tissues. The activity of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective pathway for the degradation of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes, decreases with age. We have analyzed the possible participation of CMA in the removal of oxidized proteins in rat liver and cultured mouse fibroblasts. Added to the fact that CMA substrates, when oxidized, are more efficiently internalized into lysosomes, we have found a constitutive activation of CMA during oxidative stress. Oxidation-induced activation of CMA correlates with higher levels of several components of the lysosomal translocation complex, but in particular of the lumenal chaperone, required for substrate uptake, and of the lysosomal membrane protein (lamp) type 2a, previously identified as a receptor for this pathway. In contrast with the well characterized mechanism of CMA activation during nutritional stress, which does not require de novo synthesis of the receptor, oxidation-induced activation of CMA is attained through transcriptional up-regulation of lamp2a. We conclude that CMA is activated during oxidative stress and that the higher activity of this pathway under these conditions, along with the higher susceptibility of the oxidized proteins to be taken up by lysosomes, both contribute to the efficient removal of oxidized proteins.
Introduction
Authors: Putnam Robert D. , Goss Kristin A.
Published: August 2004

This introductory chapter begins with a discussion on the theory of social capital. It then presents the four major distinctions of social capital. This is followed by a discussion on theories of change in civil society.
The United States: Bridging the Privileged and the Marginalized?
Authors: Wuthnow Robert
Published: August 2004

Social capital in the United States has been declining since the 1950s. While many important forms of social capital have declined, newer ways of connecting with friends and neighbours have emerged. The largest decline in social capital has occurred among marginalized groups whose living situations have worsened.
Expressing Evaluations
Authors: Davidson Donald
Published: August 2004

The author believes the attitude of the interpreter plays a crucial role in the theory of meaning. ‘Expressing Evaluation’ extends this strategy to evaluative judgements: just as the questions of belief and meaning are entwined, so are belief, meaning, and evaluation, where evaluating includes attitudes such as desires. This does not conflict with Davidson's claim that interpretation is a holistic act, in the sense that an interpreter weighs the attitudes of a subject against each other so as to render them intelligible or rational by the interpreter's standards. Justifies the thesis that desire is the most basic attitude in this interpretive process and that understanding presumes a shared body of evaluations as well as desires.
Problems in the Explanation of Action
Authors: Davidson Donald
Published: August 2004

Takes up a number of problems that arise by attempts to explain actions, and defends the author's causal theory of action. In particular, the author defends the claims that, first, if a person is killed by being shot, the shooting and the killing are one and the same event; secondly, a desire (or propositional pro‐attitude) is always involved in the causality and explanation of an action; and thirdly, though reason explanations of actions cannot be backed by strict laws, this does not imply that reasons, conceived of as conjunctions of beliefs and desires, are causally ineffectual.
A Unified Theory of Thought, Meaning, and Action
Authors: Davidson Donald
Published: August 2004

Spells out in more detail Davidson's Unified Theory of thought, meaning, and action the implications of which have been the focal point of the preceding chapters. The main task is to illuminate the conditions under which an understanding of the norms for our theories of intensional attribution is possible. What makes the task practicable at all, according to the author, is the structure the normative character of thought, desire, speech, and action imposes on correct attributions of attitudes to others, and hence on interpretations of their speech and explanations of their actions. Improving our understanding of the understanding of such norms requires improvement of the grasp of the standards of rationality implicit in all interpretation of thought and action.
Canonical Criticism and Old Testament Theology
Authors: Brett M. G.
Published: August 2004

This is the third of five chapters on the Old Testament and the reader, and discusses canonical criticism and Old Testament theology. Canonical criticism can be understood as a relatively recent proposal for reordering exegetical priorities, while Old Testament theology is usually seen as a summarizing discipline as old as modernity itself. The two areas of research could be treated separately but the juxtaposition is instructive: both are in some sense orientated towards the readers of biblical texts, both have been charged with under‐valuing historical research, both are involved in seemingly intractable arguments about the relationship between descriptive and normative claims in biblical studies, and both are implicated in debates about the role of biblical research within the larger religious traditions of Christianity and Judaism. The discussion in this chapter highlights only the most important issues addressed in these overlapping programmes of research setting out to provide only an orientation to the key issues in current research. The chapter is arranged in three sections: Canonical criticism; Old Testament theology and readers’ commitments; and Biblical studies and theology.
Canons of the Old Testament
Authors: Barton J.
Published: August 2004

This is the third of five chapters on the text of the Old Testament. It aims to trace the development of a canon (or several slightly different canons) of the Old Testament, and to examine some ways in which the canonization of the Bible made a difference to the perceived meaning and significance of its component parts. The first section, ‘The Old Testament canon today’ discusses the Hebrew canon, the Greek Bible, the Latin Bible, and the Ethiopic Bible. The second section, ‘The origins of diversity in the canons of the Old Testament’ presents the three major hypotheses that have been put forward to account for the complicated development of the Old Testament canon: the Alexandrian canon hypothesis—Sundberg's theory, which sets completion of the Greek canon as a work of the early Christian era; the Greek Bible as Christian canon; and more recent (traditional) attempts to go back behind the Alexandrian canon hypothesis to something more like the consensus that prevailed in the nineteenth century, which have been spearheaded by an alliance of Jewish and evangelical scholars (Leiman and Beckwith), who put the completion of the canon well before the end of the Second Temple period. The third section, ‘The origins and interpretation of ‘canonical’ Scripture’ looks at the growth and canonization of the Old Testament Scriptures.
Hebrew Narrative
Authors: Gunn D. M.
Published: August 2004

This is the fourth of five chapters on the text of the Old Testament, and focuses on the Hebrew prose narrative of the Old Testament. It starts by discussing the various definitions of the term narrative (as a mode of discourse; as a vehicle of narrative communication; as definable text) and the difficulties of determining which particular definable biblical texts are narrative texts, and notes that the attempt by the critic–reader to define so simple a thing as the narrative text is fraught with issues that have as much to do with the reader as with the text. The author notes that the title of the chapter and its placement within the ‘text’ part of the division of the book into parts on readers, text, and authors, might suggest a singular objective entity (the text) produced by authors, read by readers, and conceptually separable from both, but that the reality is more complicated. The Old Testament is described as a fuzzy‐edged concept, not a fixed object, and its text not as one but as beyond number; furthermore, the concept is ideologically loaded (i.e. reader‐oriented) and much of the essay is quite specifically not about the (Christian) Old Testament (which is why the hybrid term Hebrew Bible has been used). It is the author's understanding that there is no such thing as the text of the Old Testament apart from its readers and it is in this context that he gives an account (which he labels as partial) of biblical narrative and literary criticism over the past three decades; this is presented as an account not of what is in the biblical narratives, but of what some readers have claimed to find in these texts, and how they have gone about finding it.
The Religion of Israel
Authors: Day J.
Published: August 2004

This is the last of six chapters on the Old Testament and its authors, and its subject is the religion of Israel. The introduction to the chapter briefly reviews previous work on this subject. The sections of the rest of the chapter are devoted to the following topics; the pre‐monarchical period; Canaanite syncretism in the religion of Israel; divination and the cult of the dead; the Deuteronomic movement Josiah's reform and covenant theology; monotheism and the prohibition of images; cultic law; natural theology; universalism and exclusivism; and the apocalyptic movement.
Brief History of the Social Clause in Trade Policy
Authors: Bairoch Paul
Published: August 2004

A social clause is a clause that may be included in a customs tariff or other commercial instrument that specifies sanctions against the importation of goods from countries that do not enforce a minimum standard of working conditions. This chapter discusses the development of the social clause in trade policy. It covers reasons for the delayed concern for salary inequalities, appearance of a social element in modern tariff history, the position of working classes in the 19th century, the ILO and the social clause, and the interest given to social clauses from end of World War II till the present.
The Politics of Judging
Authors: Stone Sweet Alec
Published: August 2004

The theme of the need to reconceptualize traditional models of legitimation such as separation of powers doctrines is brought into focus. The question of the democratic legitimacy of review is most commonly addressed by grafting Kelsenian constitutional theory onto the classical distinctions between the judicial and the legislative functions. However, this model is found to be theoretically incoherent and empirically inaccurate. An alternative perspective is advanced, arguing that the legitimacy of constitutional review is a product of the participatory nature of constitutional adjudication, driven by strategic interaction that is necessarily pursued through normative argument.
Impersonal Exchange and the Origin of Markets: From the Community Responsibility System to Individual Legal Responsibility in Pre‐Modern Europe
Authors: Greif Avner
Published: August 2004

This chapter analyses the community responsibility system the prevailed in Europe before the rise of contract enforcement by the state. It discusses the reasons for the system’s decline and how the nature of the distinct political systems in England and Italy directed the details of the system that replaced the community responsibility system. It argues that although social structures can be used to foster contract enforcement required for promoting development, these can be taken as exogenous to economic processes only in the short- or medium-term. The economic processes brought about by economic development can erode underlying social structures. The economy may be stifled unless it develops contract enforcement institutions that can replace those based on social structure.
The Two Paths of Agrarian System Evolution in the Philippine Rice Bowl
Authors: Hayami Yujiro , Kikuchi Masao
Published: August 2004

This chapter analyses the emergence of two distinct agrarian systems in major rice-producing provinces in Luzon Island, Philippines. These are the large hacienda system characterized by the management hierarchy for supervising a large number of tenants in Inner Central Luzon, and the relatively small-scale landlordism wherein landlords and tenants were tied by a patron-client bond. These agrarian systems evolved despite basic similarities in economic conditions such as ecological conditions for rice production, market access, colonial history, and post-independent government policies such as land reform.
Water Community: An Empirical Analysis of Cooperation on Irrigation in South India
Authors: Bardhan Pranab
Published: August 2004

This chapter examines the factors affecting cooperation in irrigation communities, based on a survey conducted in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. Cooperative behaviour in an irrigation community is negatively related to inequality of landholding, urban or market connections, and positively related to duration of access to water, monitoring by guards, social homogeneity, small group size, proportional cost-sharing rule, and collective adversarial relation with other villages over water. The impact of the involvement of the Public Works Department, government and village elite in water allocation and maintenance is discussed.
Periodic Time Series Models
Authors: Franses Philip Hans , Paap Richard
Published: August 2004

This book considers periodic time series models for seasonal data, characterized by parameters that differ across the seasons, and focuses on their usefulness for out-of-sample forecasting. Providing an up-to-date survey of the recent developments in periodic time series, the book presents a large number of empirical results. The first part of the book deals with model selection, diagnostic checking, and forecasting of univariate periodic autoregressive models. It discusses tests for periodic integration, and provides an extensive discussion of the role of deterministic regressors in testing for periodic integration and in forecasting. The second part discusses multivariate periodic autoregressive models. It provides an overview of periodic cointegration models, including single-equation type tests and a full-system approach based on generalized method of moments. All methods are illustrated with extensive examples, and the book will be invaluable to advanced graduate students and researchers in econometrics and to practitioners looking for an understanding of how to approach seasonal data.
Themes and Perspectives
Authors: Davidson Ivor J.
Published: August 2004

Ambrose seeks to justify his use of key terms from middle Stoic philosophy by finding them in the Bible. He frequently insists that biblical morals and exemplars are superior to classical ones, and accuses pagans of stealing their best ideas from the Scriptures. He usually avoids mentioning Cicero or classical thinkers by name.
The Institutionalization of European Administrative Space
Authors: Shapiro Martin
Published: August 2004

The institutionalization of European administration space is examined through one of the least visible or understudied, but most important, outcomes of integration: the development of administrative law for the European Union (EU). As positive integration came to constitute a central priority for EU organizations, the European Commission’s administrative responsibilities and capacities multiplied, so that it is now expected not only to monitor and enforce compliance with an increasingly dense and technical body of supranational rules but also to determine how that law is to be applied to specific individuals and situations. Neither task could be performed without appropriating a great deal of discretionary authority, and it is argued that, in Western democracies, the problem of controlling rising administrative discretion has inevitably been felt, and has typically been dealt with through the development of judicial mechanisms. Using the American (US) experience as a comparative backdrop, it is shown that once judges require that administrators furnish formal justifications for their actions, the judicial review of the ‘reasonableness’ of administrative acts follows. The author traces how these and other forms of judicial control of the EU’s administrative acts developed through litigation and the rule-making of the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, despite the absence of explicit Treaty of Rome provision, so that the basic foundations of EU administrative law are now in place.
The Role of the State
Authors: Little Ian Malcolm David
Published: August 2004

Public policy requires the state to make distributional judgements, but there are moral constraints on its authority. Individuals’ rights as well as state rights have evolved through social interaction. General human rights are the corollary of wrongs, things that neither the state nor any person may do to them. The acquisition of property rights is discussed. It is concluded paradoxically that although the state has a general obligation to protect property, it also has a right to take it away from some to give to others.
Utilitarianism: Theory and Applications
Authors: Little Ian Malcolm David
Published: August 2004

Utilitarianism is a comprehensive doctrine claiming that the greatest amount of happiness is an end that should exclusively guide all actions of both government and individuals. The fact that people value the happiness of those close to them more than that of strangers makes utilitarianism personally unacceptable to many, but it may still be a proper principle for government, given some overriding respect for individual rights. There are, however, basic problems concerning the value of life, and the treatment of future people and foreigners. The conventional discounting of future incomes does not imply that the utility of future people is discounted. The state's primary responsibility is to its own citizens, but it should not treat aliens as mere instruments for the welfare of citizens.
The ModernYakuza: Structure and Organisation
Authors: Hill Peter B. E.
Published: August 2004

Gives a comprehensive overview of the structure and organization ofyakuzagroups as of the late 1980s.
HeiseiYakuza—Burst Bubble andBōtaihō
Authors: Hill Peter B. E.
Published: August 2004

Attempts to identify the effects of this law on theyakuza. Unfortunately the introduction of this law coincided with the bursting of Japan's economic bubble. Both these events have had a significant impact on theyakuza's fortunes and these are therefore both examined here.
Bimetallism in Theory
Authors: Flandreau Marc
Published: August 2004

Chapter 1 describes the international monetary landscape between 1848 and 1873. The prominent role of bullion is emphasized. It also reviews existing theories of the operation of a bimetallic system. The main point is that a bimetallic system rests on bimetallic arbitrage: agents will buy the depreciating metal and sell the appreciating one, herby stabilizing their relative value. This suggest that it is key to study the actual operation of bimetallic arbitrage.
Conclusion
Authors: Flandreau Marc
Published: August 2004

The conclusion derives a number of lessons for European monetary history, at the same time as it provides an estimate of the cost of bimetallism for the international monetary system. The cost incurred by France for maintaining exchange rate stability for three quarters of a century is shown to be very small.
Chapter 5 Citizenship, Education, and the Environment
Authors: Dobson Andrew
Published: August 2004

Citizenship classes in secondary/high schools are discussed as a way of fomenting ecological citizenship, through a case study of the introduction of citizenship as a formal element of the English high school curriculum in 2002. A cautiously optimistic assessment is made of the prospects.
Conclusion
Authors: Dobson Andrew
Published: August 2004

The contents of the book are described and assessed through a ‘review’ found at the author's university.
A Survey of the Literature on Dividends and Control
Authors: Silva Luis Correia Da , Goergen Marc , Renneboog Luc
Published: August 2004

Concentrates on dividend policy as a signalling device and, in particular, as an alternative corporate governance device. We argue that firms with a high concentration of control are less likely to use dividends as a signal of their future prospects. Similarly, firms with a large monitoring shareholder rely less on dividend policy to keep checks on the management. The impact of banks and taxation on dividend policy is also analysed.
Twenty-first-century Pension (In)Security
Authors: Clark Gordon L.
Published: August 2004

This chapter explores the commonalities between pension systems from a global perspective. It is argued that the future of pensions in Western economies is bound up with finance regulation and the process of global financial integration. Fulfilling the promise of globalisation for the future incomes of retirees is essential to any comprehensive nation-state policy that seeks to provide pension security in the 21st century.
The Global Covenant
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This book explores modern international society by drawing on the closely related disciplines diplomatic and military history, international legal studies, and international political theory. It analyses the most significant international issues to date, including peace and security, war and intervention, human rights, failed states, territories and boundaries, and democracy. It then considers the future of international society in the 21st century, and argues that the pluralist relationship of sovereign states is one that upholds freedom and respects human diversity.
International Human Relations
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This chapter presents the mode of reasoning used throughout the book: that international relations is entirely a sphere of human relations. It contrasts humanist conception with a positivist social science conception of international relations as self-existing structures and self-propelling systems. It then discusses the seven faces of international human activity.
Recovering the Classical Approach
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This chapter explores the classical approach to international relations. It reviews the three approaches to international relations scholarship: positivism, post-positivism, and humanism. It presents the fourteen classical texts for studying international human conduct. It examines a standard criticism of moral claims in political life, and discusses the craft of discipline of humanist inquiry.
The Classical Approach as a Craft Discipline
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This chapter argues that the classical approach to the study of international relations is a craft discipline. It discusses topics such as erroneous conceptions of norms in social science, the tension between academic detachment and political engagement, the dialogical modality of international ethics, the ethics of practitioners, and the difference between practice and theory. It presents the stages of research involved in carrying out a classical normative inquiry into world politics.
The Political Theory of International Societas
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This chapter explores the constitutional framework of international relations, which is primarily a societas of states. It considers the place of international organisations, non-governmental organisations, transnational networks, and human rights in such a society. It examines the distinction between an international system and an international society, the prudential and procedural association, and the role of political ideals in international law.
Armed Intervention for Humanity
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This chapter explores the issue of armed intervention in sovereign states where there are gross violations of human rights or other humanitarian problems, but no obvious threats to peace and security. Four cases of intervention are considered: Iraq, Somalia, Bosnia, and Kosovo. It argues that the grounds for legitimate and lawful armed intervention in sovereign states, jus ad bellum, was restricted by international society during the course of the 20th century. However, interventions at the end of the century raise questions on whether these grounds are being expanded, and if so, can this be justified in a pluralist world.
Failed States and International Trusteeship
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This chapter addresses the question of whether international society is or should be responsible for the domestic civil conditions of sovereign states. It considers the problem of failed states, and the role of international trusteeships or protectorates. It argues that having a cause, such as democracy and human rights, is not justification for violating state sovereignty. Western leaders have no right to place themselves above international society, so long as respect for state sovereignty remains the universal standard of international conduct.
International Boundaries as a Planetary Institution
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This chapter examines concept of international boundaries. It considers the character and modus operandi of international boundaries, how these are determined and changed, and the justification for the current practice of endorsing inherited and existing borders. It discusses the current international norm of uti possidetis juris, which in a nutshell, states that ethnonationality or any other sociological definition of collective self is not by itself a valid basis for claiming self-determination.
Democracy and International Community
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This chapter explores the issue of democracy as a basis of international community. It reviews the debate on the European Union as a political community, NATO, and a speech by the leader of a major Western power who advocates a ‘doctrine of international community’ which would make democracy and human rights a global standard of conduct. It argues that pluralism or international freedom is a greater international good than democracy. This, in turn, makes democracy possible by giving people a choice on whether or not to establish democracy in their own country.
Alternatives to International Societas?
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This chapter explores alternative images of current and future world politics, which address the morality of the sovereign state and the ethics of statecraft. These claim that world politics has embarked on a course of fundamental transformation that renders the post-1945 international societas out of date or even obsolete. They see the rise of either a global universitas based on a hierarchy of values, or a retreat into a fractured world characterised by relativism. It is argued there is no convincing evidence that people around the world are giving up on the societas of states in the ways suggested by these alternative images.
Justifying the Global Covenant
Authors: Jackson Robert
Published: August 2004

This chapter explores the societas of states from the broader perspective of human conduct. It defends the moral and legal foundations of the global covenant: normative pluralism, political anti-paternalism, international law, and political virtue. It examines the evolutionary character of the societas of states, and discusses its historical staying power and future as a normative framework of world politics.
International Peace and Security, International Criminal Justice, and the Yugoslav War
Authors: Kerr Rachel
Published: August 2004

This chapter analyses the decision to establish the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia from the legal, political, and diplomatic context in which it was taken. The tribunal was a product of interconnected pressures: concern among domestic public opinion, the failure of the international community to stop the fighting, and changes in international political systems in the early 1990s. It represented the convergence of UN Security Council powers and responsibility for international peace and security, with enforcement of international humanitarian law. Although it was a tool of politics, it is a judicial, not a political tool.
Renewing Meaning
Authors: Barker Stephen J
Published: August 2004

This book develops an alternative approach to sentence- and word-meaning, which I dub the speech-act theoretic approach, or STA. Instead of employing the syntactic and semantic forms of modern logic–principally, quantification theory–to construct semantic theories, STA employs speech-act structures. The structures it employs are those postulated by a novel theory of speech-acts. STA develops a compositional semantics in which surface grammar is integrated with semantic interpretation in a way not allowed by standard quantification-based theories. It provides a pragmatic theory of truth, a treatment of logically complex discourse as expressive cognitive states, and a background metaphysics in which the world is a totality of logically simple states of affairs. The book also puts forward an account of how intentional states provide the simple, representational foundation for a superstructure of speech-act structures–a system of thoughts–that far outruns the expressive power of the intentional foundation. In short, it provides an account of cognitive foundations of a language and a naturalistic reduction of semantics through an expressive theory of semantic norms.
Proto-Referring Acts and Proper Names
Authors: Barker Stephen J
Published: August 2004

I first outline the general theory of proto-referring acts, which is the basis for a unified semantics of noun phrases. I then concentrate on proper names, utilising referential trees, to provide a theory of proper names that is neither direct referentialist nor descriptivist, and which is perfectly neutral on denoting and non-denoting names
G. E. Moore, Hedonist?
Authors: Feldman Fred , Feldman Fred
Published: August 2004

Hedonism's ‘plasticity’ is a major theme of the book. By this, the author means its capacity to take many forms. Pursues this theme by showing that it is possible to construct a form of hedonism that will generate life evaluations very similar to those generated by the non‐hedonistic axiology defended by Moore in Principia Ethica. To this end, formulates and explains a clear statement of the Moorean axiology. Discusses the claim that this axiology is in fact the one Moore intended to defend. Presents two serious objections to this allegedly Moorean theory.