bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflicting demands and emotional labour: Balancing and swapping at the front line of the welfare state
Authors: Herup Nielsen Mathias
Published: January 2024

This article combines insights from the sociology of emotional labour with works on conflicting demands facing employees to analyse how frontline staff conduct emotional labour in contexts marked by multifaceted demands facing them. It demonstrates the usefulness of this combination through an analysis of group interviews with frontline staff within Danish job centres, who are currently explicitly instructed to display sincere belief in the job prospects of clients, while also representing a disciplining activation system marked by conditionality. The article contributes to existing literature through an elaboration of two concepts – ‘balancing’ and ‘swapping’ – describing forms of emotional labour conducted by frontline staff in a work setting characterized by conflicting demands. The former is about striking a balance between the wants of the client and the wants of the system while sustaining clients’ feelings of motivation. The latter is about enabling oneself to encounter clients in ways which are personalized and informal, within the contours of a system marked by bureaucratic logics and language.
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Equity Fund Flows to India: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: French Joseph J. , Martin Michael , McClatchey Christine
Published: January 2024

We compare the impacts of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU)-related shocks on equity fund flows (EFFs) to India using a Bayesian vector autoregression approach. We find that (a) Indian EPU and GEPU are strongly and negatively related to EFF; (b) EFF are more sensitive to GEPU relative to Indian EPU; (c) evidence of trend-chasing behaviour by fund managers in India; and (d) GEPU is an important factor for forecasting returns on the Bombay Stock Exchange. Taken together, our findings indicate that EPU is important to understanding equity allocation decisions and returns in India.

JEL Codes: F21, F39, G11
A coaxial multi-ring detection method for measuring the pitch and thickness accuracy of cylindrical gears
Authors: Zhang Dehai , Li Junheng , Li Yanqin , Wu Chao , Wang Tao , Zhang Zhicheng , Yin Xin , Hu Hongshuai
Published: January 2024

Performance of gear transmissions affects the performance of mechanical equipment. It is necessary to develop more reliable gear pitch and tooth thickness accuracy detection methods in order to evaluate gear transmission performance and detect gear pitch and tooth thickness accuracy more accurately. Based on the basic theory of gears, binocular vision technology, and statistical principles, a new method that measures gear pitch and tooth thickness using machine vision is proposed: coaxial multi-ring detection (MCD). There is no contact, no damage, and a high degree of efficiency with this method. Using this method, we are able to detect the pitch and thickness accuracy of each gear tooth multiple times within the tooth width range and in multiple directions perpendicular to the gear axis. We statistically analyze the measurement results to determine the gear’s most accurate detection results. The measurement method for gear machining accuracy is investigated using the coaxial multi-ring detection method. The statistical analysis of multiple measurement results is carried out, and the measurement results obtained are highly consistent with those of the gear detection center. In conclusion, the measurement results of this method are highly reliable, and they can be used as a reliable basis for evaluating gear transmission performance.
Mask wearing detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv7
Authors: Luo Fang , Zhang Yin , Xu Lunhui , Zhang Zhiliang , Li Ming , Zhang Weixiong
Published: January 2024

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant threat, emphasizing the critical importance of mask-wearing to reduce infection risks. However, existing methods for mask detection encounter challenges such as identifying small targets and achieving high accuracy. In this paper, we present an enhanced YOLOv7 model tailored for mask-wearing detection. we employing a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to augment the original dataset, introducing the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) mechanism into the YOLOv7 model to enhance its small target detection capabilities, and replacing the model’s activation function with Parametric Rectified Linear Unit (FReLU) to improve overall performance. Experimental validation on a dataset showcases an average precision of 97.8% and a real-time inference speed of 64 frames per second (fps), meeting the real-time mask-wearing detection requirements effectively.
Trust repertoires and the reception of institutional responses to the COVID-19 crisis in Europe: A latent class analysis
Authors: Verboord Marc
Published: January 2024

This article examines the role of institutional trust in current European societies. Based on a secondary data analysis of Eurobarometer data (response rate 39.6%), it maps institutional trust repertoires and analyzes their consequences for a crisis that disturbed public life immensely in 2020 and 2021—the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures to fight this. Methodologically, it applies a multilevel latent class analysis of 18 institutions. Taking inspiration from “cultural backlash” theory, the explanatory analyses incorporate socio-political values and geographical identifications. The results show that there are seven different trust repertoires in the European Union (EU) countries, ranging from 24 percent mostly trustful to 11 percent mostly distrustful. EU Countries can be clustered into four classes, each with specific repertoire distributions. Particularly satisfaction with one’s own life and world developments is associated with higher trust. Compliance with COVID-19 policies is most likely when citizens trust both national political institutions and media institutions; other institutions matter less. Country health expenditure has a limited effect on the reception of COVID-19 policies but does influence membership of trust repertoires.
Incorporation of compaction effects in the automated generation of 3D woven composites representative volume elements by geometrical modelling
Authors: Gulfo Hernández Luis F , Wintiba Badadjida , Li Anqi , Z Berke Péter , Massart Thierry J
Published: January 2024

Advanced 3D woven composites have become an enabling technology in many industrial applications due to their proven benefits, particularly the improvement of the out-of-plane mechanical behavior with respect to other reinforcement schemes. The latter property has been shown to be strongly affected by the effects of compaction during manufacturing. The present study proposes an automated framework, based on heuristic procedures, for the generation of representative volume elements (RVEs) of 3D woven composites, allowing to include global and local geometrical features induced by transverse compaction, such as overall thickness reduction, changes in yarn cross-sections and consistent global/local fiber fractions. The methodology is illustrated for three types of reinforcement, namely a plain weave, an angular through-thickness interlock and a 3D orthogonal RVE. The resulting geometries generated by the proposed method compare favourably with typical observations from the literature in a quantitative manner. Finally, the proposed framework is integrated with a previously developed meshing strategy to allow damage studies for a selected architecture (plain weave) under torsional loading, presenting a complete computational chain by building cohesive zone finite element models from compacted RVEs. The torque-angle response curves obtained after the damage simulations show a decrease in stiffness and an increase of damage levels with compaction, which is in line with the expectations.
Strategic (Non)Disclosure: Activation and Avoidance of Social Ties among Women Seeking Abortion
Authors: Broussard Kathleen
Published: January 2024

The increased politicization of sexual and reproductive health has created barriers to medically necessary care. In absence of formal health care, social ties become critical sources of information and resources, yet the disclosure of stigmatized health needs carries significant risk. How do people navigate the risks and benefits of disclosure when seeking care for stigmatized needs? Drawing on original survey data (N = 153) and in-depth interviews (N = 55) with women who attempted a self-managed abortion, I first describe the distinct roles of weak and strong ties in women’s health-seeking experiences. I then demonstrate how both partial disclosure and nondisclosure are critical tools for obtaining information, resources, and emotional support during periods of health-seeking. Findings advance understanding of disclosure as a continuum that can be strategically wielded by people with stigmatized needs to confront and evade stigma and surveillance from their networks, the state, and the formal health care system.
Spirituality and social engagement
Authors: MEINTEL Deirdre
Published: January 2024

In this article, I look at how spirituality can be a wellspring of social engagement and activism, based mainly on my research in Quebec, Canada. Less organizational spiritualities are often dismissed as individualistic, narcissistic, and unconcerned with collective well-being. Along with is a growing mass of evidence contributed by other scholars shows that this is often not the case. Using mainly examples from Quebec where my research is situated, I show that spiritual practice is often social; even embodied newer spiritualities typically involve the presence of others; their authenticity is often gauged not only in terms of intrapersonal, embodied experience but also over the longer term, by transformations in close relationships. Spirituality is often mobilized for progressive social ends but not always. I explore some of the ways that spirituality can nourish social engagement and raise the question of how social activism can bolster spirituality, becoming effectively a form of spiritual practice.
Weaving webs of well-being: The ethics of navigating religious differences in Christian foster families with foster children of various backgrounds
Authors: BARTELINK Brenda E , VAN BERGEN Diana , VANDERFAEILLIE Johan , VERMEER Paul , SAHARSO Sawitri
Published: January 2024

This article analyzes ethical issues arising in transreligious foster care placements in relation to foster children’s needs regarding religious socialization and identification. Applying Urban Walker’s expressive-collaborative framework to 30 qualitative interviews with foster parents, foster children, parents, and professionals, we elaborate and apply a three-level reflection on Christian foster parents’ ethics of care in everyday practice of foster care. A first-level reflection demonstrates that integrating the foster child in the foster family often leads to predominant Christian socialization of foster children. A second-level reflection demonstrates asymmetry between foster parents and birth parents in the religious socialization of foster children, leading to confusion for the foster child and (potential) conflict with birth parents. Finally, a normative reflection leads us to conclude that foster children in transreligious placements need loose and hybrid moral frames in which they can alter, shift, and navigate their multiple identifications and partialities as part of their development.
Uncertain faith: A multi-method approach
Authors: CIPRIANI Roberto
Published: January 2024

More than 25 years after the previous survey, the state of religion in Italy in 2017 was surveyed. This time a more challenging mixed methodology was used following both quantitative (with 3238 questionnaires administered according to criteria of statistical representativeness) and qualitative (with 164 in-depth interviews, in various Italian locations) criteria. For over half a century, there has been talk of secularization and the end of religion. What is being recorded all this time, actually, is a decline in religious practice. Meanwhile, there has been an expansion of a kind of religious area that goes beyond Church membership. There is also talk of uncertain faith meaning that a troubled and reflexive kind of belief continues to exist. At present, a new conceptual category is emerging more and more, that of Church as religion, meaning that the Church itself has become religion and begun to replace the content of faith.
Make the Effort Visible: The Effect of Process Transparency on Public Forgiveness in Tourism Crisis Communication
Authors: Yang Ting-Ting , Ruan Wen-Qi , Li Yong-Quan , Zhang Shu-Ning
Published: January 2024

Public forgiveness in tourism crisis communication is conducive to improving destination reputation, although this connection has been ignored. To fill this research gap, this study conducts three experiments to investigate the effect of process transparency on public forgiveness. The results of two experiments reveal that response messages with high (vs. low) process transparency are more likely to promote public forgiveness, and the effect of process transparency on public forgiveness is mediated by perceived effort. The results of Experiment 3 also show that narrative (vs. non-narrative) messages with high process transparency have a stronger impact on perceived effort and public forgiveness. However, for messages with low process transparency, the effect of process transparency does not vary by message type. This study expands the research framework of tourism crisis communication and provides a new research perspective on emotional recovery. It also provides managers with effective and low-cost tourism crisis communication strategies.
Eliciting Mortality Salience in Dark Tourism and its Influence
Authors: Bai Kai , Chen Rufeng
Published: January 2024

While dark tourism research has increasingly emphasized mortality salience’s role in exploring dark tourists’ experiences, little is known regarding the triggers and effects of mortality salience. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 tourists visiting the Xuankou Middle School (Wenchuan earthquake site), revealing that both the objective and constructive authenticity of tourism objects can trigger mortality salience. Mortality salience can prompt tourists to seek to increase their self-esteem, family connectedness, and sense of national identity to cope with their inevitable deaths. A second survey-based study found a positive relationship between mortality salience and the identified triggers and effects. Theoretical contributions include advancing terror management theory’s development in dark tourism research, enhancing the understanding of dark tourism’s meanings, and inspiring research on dark tourism’s death education. Practical implications include suggesting managers continuously collect and display authentic objects related to the site’s disaster and provide message areas for tourists to share their experiences.
Workplace Stress in Military Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: A Research Note
Authors: Gomes Claudia Millani , Fraga Alessandra Soares Ayres , Fraga Romulo de Oliveira , Nass Stephany , Boeck Carina Rodrigues , Schuch Natielen Jacques
Published: January 2024

This study evaluated the prevalence of burnout syndrome symptoms and related factors in Brazilian military women during COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms are a combination of physical tiredness, emotional exhaustion, and cognitive depletion, which are related to the job activity and result in mental disconnection with work and reduced professional achievement. It is a cross-sectional study on the frequency of burnout syndrome in military women in which individual questionnaires were delivered via e-mail and returned by the same form. The results revealed that 44.5% of the 164 military women were affected by burnout syndrome. The organizational environment, work overload, control over tasks, and some individual conditions can be highlighted among the factors for developing symptoms. The occurrence of stress symptoms among Brazilian military women was probably due to the constant exposure to stress in their job. The implications of women’s military service on their performance to work during the pandemic are discussed.
Preschool Mandarin-speaking children’s comprehension of associative anaphora
Authors: Xie Yuan , Zhou Peng
Published: January 2024

Associative anaphora refers to a discourse operation that links a definite determiner phrase (DP) to an antecedent that acts as an indirect referent of the definite DP. For example, in the sequence ‘I bought a laptop. The keyboard was black’, the definite DP ‘the keyboard’ is linked to ‘a laptop’, meaning ‘the keyboard of the laptop’. The development of children’s knowledge of associative anaphora has long been investigated in child language research, as it provides a unique window into the interaction between linguistic and nonlinguistic cognitive abilities. However, most prior research focused on Indo-European languages without looking at typologically distinct languages. To fill the gap, this study investigated children’s knowledge of associative anaphora in Mandarin Chinese, a typologically distinct language, thus allowing for a better cross-linguistic understanding of the phenomenon. Ninety-one 3- to 5-year-olds were investigated using a truth-value judgment task. The findings were that Mandarin-speaking children exhibited a similar developmental trajectory and were impacted by the same cognitive factors as observed in children speaking Indo-European languages. The implications of the findings were then discussed in relation to the role of processing factors and language-specific properties.
The Pharyngeal Packs for Dental and Otolaryngological Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of High-Quality Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xie Xiaojuan , Yao Yao , Shi Min , Ding Haifeng , Zhang Daijuan , Jiang Yingying , Guo Tao
Published: January 2024

Background: Pharyngeal packs are employed to mitigate postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and have become prevalent in dental and otolaryngological surgeries. However, their clinical efficacy continues to be a topic of debate. The objective of the present study was to conduct a quantitative assessment of the impact of pharyngeal packing in dental and otolaryngological surgeries through meta-analysis. Methods: We identified relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through systematic searches of online databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central. Potential eligible studies were evaluated using the Jadad scoring system (range 0-5 points), with only high-quality RCTs (3 points or more) being included. The incidence of PONV, morbidity, and the level of throat pain were aggregated and estimated. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot symmetry and the Egger test. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was utilized to rate the evidence. Results: Ten high-quality RCTs comprising 1026 participants were ultimately included. Subsequent quantitative pooled estimation unveiled that the utilization of pharyngeal packing did not lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of nausea ( P = .272), vomiting ( P = .775), overall PONV ( P = .118), or throat pain ( P = .149). By contrast, the application of pharyngeal packs was found to significantly increase the level of throat pain ( P = .003). No obvious publication bias was detected, and the majority of evidence was rated high or moderate. Conclusion: Based on the existing evidence, we conclude that pharyngeal packing lacks clinical benefit and is not advised for dental and otolaryngological surgeries.
Sinonasal Glomangiopericytoma with Skull Base Involvement: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Arnous Nouran Khalid , Alkholaiwi Feras , Alrasheed Abdulaziz S.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Glomangiopericytoma (GPC) is a rare type of neoplasm with hemangiopericytoma-like vasculature and perivascular hyalinization of capillary-sized veins. CD34 and S100 protein staining might be positive in a small percentage of GPC. Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) present clinically like GPC. However, challenges remain when differentiating GPC from SFT. Case Presentation: A 37-year-old male, smoker, presented with 3 years history of right-sided epistaxis and nasal congestion. He was also complaining of hyposmia but no headaches or visual complaints. On nasal endoscopy, he was found to have a right-sided nasal mass occupying the ethmoid cavity. Computed tomography showed a right sinonasal mass abutting the anterior skull base and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a hyperintense, enhancing mass within the right ethmoid cavity, superior septum, and anterior skull base. The patient underwent endoscopic resection with gross total resection and skull base reconstruction. Postoperative pathology initially was thought to be an SFT; however, subsequent STAT6 expression was negative, and therefore GPC diagnosis was confirmed. At the most recent follow-up (6 months), the patient remained free of local disease. Discussion: SFT, unlike GPC, stains strongly for CD34, in this case, due to strong CD34, the diagnosis of SFT was initially made. Nuclear STAT6 expression is highly specific and sensitive for SFT. This later returned as negative; therefore, GPC was confirmed. Conclusion: We present a case of sinonasal GPC with skull base involvement that was treated with endoscopic resection. At the most recent follow-up (6 months), the patient remained free of local disease.
Education History in the History of Teachers College Record: A Long and Distinguished Record
Authors: Rury John L.
Published: January 2024

This article considers how the history of education has been represented in Teachers College Record over the course of its own history. Almost from the begining it has featured articles dealing with historical questions and the future of the field, as well as serving as a forum for the work of many historians of education. This has included notable scholars from the Teachers College faculty, and a wide variety of other historians, continung to the present.
Take a Page Out of the Community College Playbook: How a Community College Education Prepared Students to Meet Pandemic Challenges
Authors: Wang Xueli , Contreras-García Nicole , Wickersham Kelly
Published: January 2024

As colleges and universities continue to navigate the longer-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, a wealth of knowledge and insights exists within many community colleges to inform how to best prepare students for the fast-changing demands of learning, work, and life. Using a strengths-based approach and interviews with students from three large community colleges in the Midwest, this study explores how a community college education prepared students for the pandemic and areas in which students could be better equipped. The students appreciated their community college education for its practicality of training and research capacity, technology and communication skills in virtual formats, cultivating resilience, diversity as a highlight, and an education for the community. Areas where the students wished they had learned more were handling stress and managing time, engaging with diverse perspectives and work styles, and keeping up with the evolving technology landscape.
Equity-Centered Research–Practice Partnerships: An Approach for Advancing Educator Diversity in Education Systems
Authors: Gist Conra D. , Parkerson Emma , Wu Ke
Published: January 2024

The importance of educator diversity is becoming increasingly evident as research demonstrates the positive impact of Teachers of Color and Indigenous Teachers (TOCIT) on student learning and achievement, particularly among underrepresented groups (Dee, 2004; Gershenson et al., 2018; Grissom & Redding, 2016; Shirrell et al., 2021). Despite this, progress toward diversifying the educator workforce remains slow, signaling the need to advance educator diversity through a radical reimagining of teacher development systems. The use of research–practice partnership (RPP), a research approach that facilitates collaboration between practitioners and researchers, may be a promising model for addressing this perennial challenge.
Infusing factual knowledge into pre-trained model for finding the contributions from the research articles
Authors: Gupta Komal , Ghosal Tirthankar , Ekbal Asif
Published: January 2024

The growing volume of scientific literature makes it difficult for researchers to identify the key contributions of a research paper. Automating this process would facilitate efficient understanding, faster literature surveys and comparisons. The automated process may help researchers to identify relevant and impactful information in less time and effort. In this article, we address the challenge of identifying the contributions in research articles. We propose a method that infuses factual knowledge from a scientific knowledge graph into a pre-trained model. We divide the knowledge graph into mutually exclusive subgroups and infuse the knowledge in the pre-trained model using adapters. We also construct a scientific knowledge graph consisting of 3,600 Natural Language Processing (NLP) papers to acquire factual knowledge. In addition, we annotate a new test set to evaluate the model’s ability to identify sentences that make significant contributions to the papers. Our model achieves the best performance in comparison to previous methods with a relative improvement of 40.06% and 25.28% in terms of F1 score for identifying contributing sentences in the NLPContributionGraph (NCG) test set and the newly annotated test set, respectively.
The Prevalence of Type II Workplace Violence in US Nurses 2000 to 2022: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: McLaughlin Laura , Khemthong Usa
Published: January 2024

Background:

Physical violence against nurses is a concern in the United States; however, its prevalence is not well quantified.

Objective:

We sought to describe the prevalence of workplace violence against nurses in the United States over a 22-year period.

Methods:

A meta-analysis was performed following a literature search of English texts through Scopus, CINAHL Plus, and Ovid MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria included the following: (1) primary reports of workplace violence incidents in the United States against nurses, (2) perpetrator was a patient, family member, or visitor, and (3) publications between January 1, 2000, and June 21, 2022. Reports where prevalence rates for nurses could not be calculated were excluded. Study quality was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist.

Results:

Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria; 27 030 nurses were included. The pooled prevalence of workplace violence was 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.42; Q = 3189.40; I2 = 98.87). Pooled rates of workplace violence increased from 30% in 2000 to 2004 to 43% in 2020 to 2022; however, the overlapping CIs indicate that the increase may not be statistically significant. The mean prevalence of reported workplace violence among nurses who work in the emergency department, in corrections, and psychiatric mental health settings (pooled prevalence = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.46-0.71) was higher than that of nurses who worked in all other settings (pooled prevalence = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.18-0.30).

Conclusions:

Workplace violence is a significant and potentially increasing problem for nurses in the United States. This critical problem requires an effective response from nurse policymakers.
Additional Evidence of Predictive Validity of SRSS-IE Scores With Elementary Students
Authors: Lane Kathleen Lynne , Oakes Wendy Peia , Buckman Mark Matthew , Lane Nathan Allen , Lane Katie Scarlett , Fleming Kandace , Romine Rebecca E. Swinburne , Sherod Rebecca L. , Chang Chi-Ning , Cantwell Emily Dawn
Published: January 2024

In this article, we examined predictive validity of the newly defined Student Risk Screening Scale–Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE 9, with nine items) when used by teachers for the first time, with a sample of 24,535 elementary students from 74 schools in four U.S. geographic regions. Results indicated fall externalizing and internalizing latent factors as well as subscale scores (SRSS-E5 and SRSS-I4, respectively) from the SRSS-IE 9 predicted year-end behavioral outcomes (office discipline referrals, suspensions, and nurse visits), academic outcomes (reading and math scores and course failures), as well as referrals to special education for elementary students. SRSS-IE 12 subscale scores for externalizing (SRSS-E7) and internalizing (SRSS-I5) using the original 12-item version subscales were similarly predictive of these outcomes. We discussed educational implications, limitations, and directions for future inquiry.
Rethinking Critical Sociology, Transcending the Transcendental
Authors: Frère Bruno , Jaster Daniel
Published: January 2024

This article calls for a rethinking of critical sociology. Representing classical critical sociology, the Bourdieusian paradigm illustrated domination, but its negative foundation removed actors’ power, privileging sociological knowledge as capable of identifying (social) transcendental categories of thought. Latour’s constructivism challenged this privilege, giving actors the political power of aggregating collectives around their common concerns at the cost of emphasizing domination and critique. We propose a critical approach that evades a transcendental perspective reliant on pure negation, producing a more positive critical sociology founded on processualist phenomenological and pragmatic perspectives, principally Merleau-Ponty and Dewey. Actors and researchers can collectively ruminate on their perspectives and concerns to challenge power structures and transform their worlds. At the center of this is the social-mien, a creative reimagination of habitus. A brief discussion of the protests and scholarship surrounding the Notre-Dame-des-Landes activists’ practice of democracy highlights the utility of the approach and serves as a model for future application.
Long-term bereavement outcomes in family members of those who died in acute care hospitals before and during the first wave of COVID-19: A cohort study
Authors: Lapenskie Julie , Anderson Koby , Lawlor Peter G. , Kabir Monisha , Noel Chelsea , Heidinger Brandon , Parsons Henrique A. , Cohen Leila , Gratton Valérie , Besserer Ella , Adeli Samantha , Murphy Rebekah , Warmels Grace , Bruni Adrianna , Bhimji Khadija , Dyason Claire , Enright Paula , Desjardins Isabelle , Wooller Krista , Arsenault-Mehta Kyle , Webber Colleen , Bedard Daniel , Iyengar Akshai , Bush Shirley H , Isenberg Sarina R , Tanuseputro Peter , Vanderspank-Wright Brandi , Downar James
Published: January 2024

Background:

Severe grief is highly distressing and prevalent up to 1 year post-death among people bereaved during the first wave of COVID-19, but no study has assessed changes in grief severity beyond this timeframe.

Aim:

Understand the trajectory of grief during the pandemic by reassessing grief symptoms in our original cohort 12–18 months post-death.

Design:

Prospective matched cohort study.

Settings/participants:

Family members of decedents who died in an acute care hospital between November 1, 2019 and August 31, 2020 in Ottawa, Canada. Family members of patients who died of COVID (COVID +ve) were matched 2:1 with those who died of non-COVID illness (COVID −ve) during pandemic wave 1 or immediately prior to its onset (pre-COVID). Grief was assessed using the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG).

Results:

Follow-up assessment was completed by 92% (111/121) of family members in the initial cohort. Mean ICG score on the 12–18-month assessment was 19.9 (SD = 11.8), and severe grief (ICG > 25) was present in 28.8% of participants. One-third (33.3%) had either a persistently high (>25) or worsening ICG score (⩾4-point increase between assessments). Using a modified Poisson regression analysis, persistently high or worsening ICG scores were associated with endotracheal intubation in the deceased, but not cause of death (COVID +ve, COVID −ve, pre-COVID) or physical presence of the family member in the final 48 h of life.

Conclusions:

Severe grief is a substantial source of psychological morbidity in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, persisting more than a year post-death. Our findings highlight an acute need for effective and scalable means of addressing severe grief.
Mesoscopic mapping of hemodynamic responses and neuronal activity during pharmacologically induced interictal spikes in awake and anesthetized mice
Authors: Li Jing , Yang Fan , Zhan Fengrui , Estin Joshua , Iyer Aditya , Zhao Mingrui , Niemeyer James E , Luo Peijuan , Li Dan , Lin Weihong , Liou Jyun-you , Ma Hongtao , Schwartz Theodore H
Published: January 2024

Imaging hemodynamic responses to interictal spikes holds promise for presurgical epilepsy evaluations. Understanding the hemodynamic response function is crucial for accurate interpretation. Prior interictal neurovascular coupling data primarily come from anesthetized animals, impacting reliability. We simultaneously monitored calcium fluctuations in excitatory neurons, hemodynamics, and local field potentials (LFP) during bicuculline-induced interictal events in both isoflurane-anesthetized and awake mice. Isoflurane significantly affected LFP amplitude but had little impact on the amplitude and area of the calcium signal. Anesthesia also dramatically blunted the amplitude and latency of the hemodynamic response, although not its area of spread. Cerebral blood volume change provided the best spatial estimation of excitatory neuronal activity in both states. Targeted silencing of the thalamus in awake mice failed to recapitulate the impact of anesthesia on hemodynamic responses suggesting that isoflurane’s interruption of the thalamocortical loop did not contribute either to the dissociation between the LFP and the calcium signal nor to the alterations in interictal neurovascular coupling. The blood volume increase associated with interictal spikes represents a promising mapping signal in both the awake and anesthetized states.
Mode to Secure Self-ligating Brackets During Recycling
Authors: Ram R. S. V. M. Raghu , Ranganayakulu I. , Sukumar B. , Sunil G.
Published: January 2024

Trapping of the abrasive particles between the doors of self-ligating brackets (SLBs) is a commonly encountered problem during the recycling of debonded brackets with the sandblasting method. Moreover, the pressure exerted during this process often displaces the bracket from the bracket holder. To address these issues, the present article describes a simple clinical tip to secure the SLBs during the recycling process.
Understanding Turkish Foreign Policy Studies: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Mehmetcik Hakan , Parlar Dal Emel , Hakses Hasan
Published: January 2024

Employing a rigorous bibliometric framework, this study undertakes a comprehensive exploration of scholarly inquiries into Turkish Foreign Policy (TFP) by utilizing an extensive dataset extracted from the reputable SCOPUS database. TFP publications in various languages were scrutinized over nearly a century, from 1939 to 2022, with bibliometric analysis methodically traversing titles, keywords, abstracts, word frequencies, references, authorships, citations, and geographic diffusion. To comprehensively unravel the scholarly landscape, we employed three bibliometric methodologies: descriptive statistics, network analysis, and textual analysis. The overarching goals included delineating the contours of the TFP scholarly community, charting the evolution of influential factors across temporal horizons, and gauging the extent of collaborative interactions among TFP researchers. Our findings reveal the absence of a cohesive TFP research community within the Turkish academic landscape, which unequivocally underscores the fragility of Turkish International Relations (IR) academia in terms of scientific collaboration, academic networking, and research productivity. Our findings distinctly underscore the fragmentary nature of the TFP research community in terms of thematic breadth and practical manifestations. The conspicuous dearth of cross-referencing among Turkish IR scholars, limited joint scientific ventures, and scholarly output collectively underpin inherent vulnerabilities and constraints within the TFP community.
The antinomies of Sam Morris: a life in the diaspora
Authors: Høgsbjerg Christian , Ishmael Hannah
Published: January 2024

This article attempts to recover the antinomies and contradictions of the life and work of Grenada-born Samson Uriah Morris (1908−1976), an educationalist, anti-colonialist and Black political activist, whose life was dedicated to both the movement for civil rights in Britain and the broader anti-colonial and Pan-Africanist struggle. His life ranged from the Caribbean to the United Kingdom to Kwame Nkrumah’s Ghana and then back to Britain where he eventually became the deputy general secretary of the Community Relations Commission and Assistant High Commissioner for Grenada. Despite his role in the anti-racist struggles of the inter-war period he was seen as a somewhat conservative figure by a new generation of Black radicals in Britain by the late 1960s. The authors chart Morris’s biography, setting it against changing political forces, and suggest that he made an important contribution to the struggle against racism and imperialism and the project of ‘intellectual decolonisation’.
Group Climate in Residential Youth Care: Development and Validation of the Group Climate Instrument—Revised
Authors: van der Helm G. H. P.(Peer) , Roest Jesse J. , Dekker Anna Leonora , van Miert Veronique Suzanne Lisette , Kuiper Chris H. Z. , Stams Geert Jan J. M.
Published: January 2024

Group climate in residential youth care is considered to be essential for treatment of youth and young adults. Various instruments exist to measure quality of living group climate, but some are lengthy, use complicated wording, which make them difficult to fill out by youth and individuals with a mild intellectual disability. The present study describes the development and rationale for the Group Climate Instrument—Revised (GCI-R). Construct validity and reliability of the GCI-R were examined by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in a two-step validation process using a construction sample ( n = 190 youth, representing 41 groups) and a validation sample ( n = 207 youth, representing 42 groups). Results indicated a good fit of a five-factor model (Support, Growth, Physical Environment, Peer interactions, and Repression). Reliability of the scales was good. These findings indicate that the GCI-R can be used as a parsimonious, valid, and reliable instrument to assess perceptions of group climate in youth. Recommendations for future research and practice are suggested.
Participant and caregiver experiences of an activities of daily living-focused cognitive stimulation program for individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia (CS-ADL)
Authors: Ryan Simone , Chockalingam Manigandan , Brady Orla
Published: January 2024

Background:

Individuals with dementia experience a progressive deterioration in their cognitive and functional abilities, and as a result, require support from informal family caregivers. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive stimulation, are increasingly being used to address this deterioration. This study explored the participant and caregiver experiences of CS-ADL (Cognitive Stimulation in Activities of Daily Living), an activities of daily living-focused group cognitive stimulation program for individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia.

Methods:

A descriptive qualitative design was implemented. CS-ADL participants and caregivers were recruited in dyads through a Psychiatry of Later Life service where CS-ADL was delivered. Semi-structured interviews were completed with each dyad either in-person or via the telephone. Data retrieved were analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis.

Results:

CS-ADL was experienced as an acceptable intervention that positively influenced the everyday life of both dyad members, with benefits reported in the memory, mood, daily routine, and social interaction of participants. Furthermore, the facilitation style of group facilitators positively influenced participants’ engagement in CS-ADL. Limited data was gathered regarding the experience of activities of daily living.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to explore experiences of CS-ADL, producing a preliminary addition to the evidence-base for CS-ADL. However, further research is required to confirm study findings and explore the experiences of activities of daily living in greater depth.
Real-Time Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Traffic State Estimation for Multi-Regional Traffic Networks
Authors: Theocharides Kyriacos , Menelaou Charalambos , Englezou Yiolanda , Timotheou Stelios
Published: January 2024

Traffic state estimation is a challenging task because of the collection of sparse and noisy measurements from fixed points in the traffic network. Induction loops, as they are non-intrusive, can observe any area of the traffic network on demand and provide accurate traffic density and speed measurements. Our main contribution is the development of an optimization framework where small parts of the traffic network are monitored by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and accurate estimates of traffic density and mean speeds for every region in the traffic network are returned in real-time. Assuming regional-based traffic dynamics, a cyclical UAV flight path is defined for each region. One UAV is assigned to each flight path and monitors a small area of the region below. The UAV-based traffic measurements are expressed as moving averages to smooth out fluctuations in traffic density and mean speed. A moving horizon optimization problem is formulated, which minimizes the estimation and process errors over a moving time window. The problem is non-convex and challenging to solve, because of the presence of nonlinear traffic dynamics. By considering free-flow conditions, the optimization problem is recast to a quadratic program that returns density estimations for each region of the traffic network in real-time. Simulation results compare our UAV framework to an alternative, where the whole traffic network is monitored by UAVs. Both frameworks obtain similar results, despite the alternative framework using more UAVs than our framework.
Energy-Efficient Speed Planning for Autonomous Driving in Dynamic Traffic Scenarios
Authors: Shang Yuze , Liu Fei , Qin Ping , Guo Zhizhong , Li Zhe
Published: January 2024

In the field of autonomous driving, velocity planning is of paramount importance for handling dynamic obstacle scenarios. To avoid unnecessary acceleration and deceleration, self-driving vehicles need to find an energy-optimized velocity trajectory. Moreover, in complex traffic environments, the vehicle trajectory must consider the spatio-temporal coupling problem to avoid unrealistic driving paths. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a hierarchical planner that first plans the path and then performs speed planning based on the already planned path. Specifically, we focus on the energy consumption factor and use dynamic programming for speed planning while combining safety and comfort considerations. The optimal energy-saving trajectory is obtained by combining the speed profile with the optimal path. To cope with complex scenarios on real roads, we propose an adaptive trajectory adjustment strategy based on model predictive control to track by adaptively selecting tracking modes. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop experimental validation demonstrates that our proposed method significantly reduces energy consumption compared with the traditional decoupling method while ensuring that the autonomous vehicle adapts well to complex traffic scenarios.
Knee-Related Quality of Life Compared Between 20 and 35 Years After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Treated Surgically With Primary Repair or Reconstruction, or Nonsurgically
Authors: Kvist Joanna , Pettersson Moa
Published: January 2024

Background:

Quality of life (QoL) is affected up to 5 years after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Knee impairment and osteoarthritis (OA) development increase over time, and this may affect QoL at a long-term follow-up.

Purpose:

To investigate changes in health- and knee-related QoL between 20 and 35 years after ACL injury and compare it between patients treated with or without ACL surgery, as well as to study how symptomatic OA (SOA) is associated with change in QoL.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Between 1980 and 1983, 139 patients with acute ACL rupture were allocated to surgical or nonsurgical treatment of the ACL. Both groups completed a structured rehabilitation program. Of those patients, 59 were followed for 20 and 35 years after ACL rupture. After 10 crossovers, 33 patients were treated with primary repair or ACL reconstruction, and 26 were treated without ACL surgery. Combined radiographic OA and knee symptoms at 35 years was defined as SOA. QoL was assessed at 20 and 35 years after injury with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score QoL (KOOS-QoL) subscale (range, 1-100), ACL-QoL questionnaire (total score and 5 subscales; range, 1-100), European QoL–5 Dimensions Questionnaire, and visual analog scale. Results were analyzed with paired and independent-sample t tests and chi-square tests.

Results:

Knee-related QoL was impaired at both 20 and 35 years after ACL injury, and differences were dependent on the measurement outcome. In the total cohort, KOOS-QoL did not change but both total ACL-QoL score (7.1 points; 95% CI, 2.2-11.9) and 4 of 5 subscales (5-10 points) decreased ( P < .05). No differences were found between treatment groups. QoL decreased overall in patients with SOA, with a 21-point difference within-group change in KOOS-QoL (SOA or non-SOA) between 20 and 35 years of follow-up ( P = .001; Cohen d = 1.0).

Conclusion:

An ACL injury impairs knee-related QoL for up to 35 years, with no difference between treatment approaches (initial repair or later reconstruction compared with nonsurgical treatment). The deterioration decreases with longer follow-up. Clinicians should be aware of differences in QoL depending on the measurement outcome.
Introduction to the Tributes to Herb Gintis (1940–2023)
Authors: Kim Marlene
Published: January 2024

JEL Classification: B31, B32, B24
Quand la suppression vaut mieux que la réévaluation : le point d’ébullition de la colère dans les rencontres de service
Authors: González-Gómez Helena V. , Hudson Sarah , Rychalski Aude
Published: January 2024

Résumé

Les recherches sur la manière dont les évaluations cognitives de multiples signaux de défaillance d’un service se combinent pour générer la colère du client et le rôle des stratégies de régulation émotionnelle (suppression et réévaluation) dans l’atténuation de cette émotion sont encore rares. En utilisant une méthode expérimentale de vignettes d’une situation de défaillance de service auprès de 971 participants, nous montrons que les évaluations cognitives du blocage des objectifs, de la responsabilité d’autrui et du faible contrôle agissent conjointement, de manière indifférenciée, pour augmenter la colère de façon non linéaire. Nous démontrons également que la suppression émotionnelle est bénéfique pour faire face à la colère dans des situations où plusieurs signaux provoquent la colère. Inversement, la réévaluation est plus efficace lorsque les signaux déclencheurs de colère sont moins nombreux. Ce résultat remet en question le point de vue dominant selon lequel la réévaluation est préférable à la suppression pour faire face aux émotions négatives.