bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct numerical simulation of scalar transport in turbulent flows over progressive surface waves
Authors: Yang Di , Shen Lian
Published: April 2017

The transport of passive scalars in turbulent flows over progressive water waves is studied using direct numerical simulation. A combined pseudo-spectral and finite-difference scheme on a wave-surface-fitted grid is used to simulate the flow and scalar fields above the wave surface. Three representative wave ages (i.e. wave-to-wind speed ratios) are considered, corresponding to slow, intermediate and fast wind-waves, respectively. For each wave condition, four Schmidt numbers are considered for the scalar transport. The presence of progressive surface waves is found to induce significant wave-phase-correlated variation to the scalar field, with the phase dependence varying with the wave age. The time- and plane-averaged profiles of the scalar over waves of various ages exhibit similar vertical structures as those found in turbulence over a flat wall, but with the von Kármán constant and effective wave surface roughness for the mean scalar profile exhibiting considerable variation with the wave age. The profiles of the root-mean-square scalar fluctuations and the horizontal scalar flux exhibit good scaling in the viscous sublayer that agrees with the scaling laws previously reported for flat-wall turbulence, but with noticeable wave-induced variation in the viscous wall region. The profiles of the vertical scalar flux in the viscous sublayer exhibit apparent discrepancies from the reported scaling law for flat-wall turbulence, due to a negative vertical flux region above the windward face of the wave crest. Direct observation and quadrant-based conditional averages indicate that the wave-dependent distributions of the scalar fluctuations and fluxes are highly correlated with the coherent vortical structures in the turbulence, which exhibit clear wave-dependent characteristics in terms of both shape and preferential location.
Solvo-osmotic flow in electrolytic mixtures
Authors: Samin Sela , van Roij René
Published: April 2017

We show that an electric field parallel to an electrically neutral surface can generate flow of electrolytic mixtures in small channels. We term this solvo-osmotic flow, since the flow is induced by the asymmetric preferential solvation of ions at the liquid–solid interface. The generated flow is comparable in magnitude to the ubiquitous electro-osmotic flow at charged surfaces, but for a fixed surface charge density, it differs qualitatively in its dependence on ionic strength. Solvo-osmotic flow can also be sensitively controlled with temperature. We derive a modified Helmholtz–Smoluchowski equation that accounts for these effects.
“Austro-Hungarians”
Authors: von Hofmannsthal E.
Published: April 2017

International lawyers have been surprised lately to find the expression “Austro-Hungarians” and “Austrian-Hungarians” appearing in several announcements of the Department of Justice since January 26, 1942. They recall that up to 1867 only Austrian citizenship existed. After that date, when Austria and Hungary formed two separate states linked merely by a common sovereign and in certain matters of foreign representation and war, citizens of the Empire had either Austrian or Hungarian citizenship, never an Austro-Hungarian.1 International lawyers may also have remembered the amusing error in the annex to Article 203 of the Treaty of St. Germain, where an “Austro-Huhgarian Law of December 30, 1907, Imperial Law Collection Number 278” is quoted. Such a law never existed and never could have existed.
The Dar-Es-Salaam Seminar on International Law, 1967
Authors: Briggs Herbert W.
Published: April 2017

The United Nations Program of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law envisages, inter alia, the holding of regional training and refresher courses to he held every two years in rotation, in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In alternate years, regional seminars on a different level in which leading scholars and senior government officials from the region can discuss international or regional legal problems and legal matters before United Nations organs are similarly envisaged, in rotation, in Latin America, Africa and Asia, commencing in 1968.
The Development of an Inter-American Policy for the Recognition of de Facto Governments
Authors: Cochran Charles L.
Published: April 2017

It is ironic that Fidel Castro, who is currently ostracized from the inter-American system of states, has provided the impetus needed to overcome the obstacles that have for so long prevented agreement on the procedure for Hemispheric action regarding the recognition of de facto governments. Earlier attempts to formulate a common basis for the recognition of de facto governments have been very limited both in their scope and their success.
Publication and Declassification of Records
Authors: Myers Denys P.
Published: April 2017

The President of the United States has directed the prompter clearance and publication of Foreign Relations and a continuing review of Government files with a view to automatic declassification of papers, with specific exceptions, 12 years after issuance.
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
Authors: Finch Eleanor H.
Published: April 2017

The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy of Tufts University, which is a graduate school of international affairs administered with the cooperation of Harvard University, has announced its program of study for 1962–1963.
Annual Meeting of the Society
Authors: Finch Eleanor H.
Published: April 2017

The 56th Annual Meeting of the Society will be held at the Statler Hilton Hotel in Washington, D. C, from April 26 to 28, 1962. The tentative program has been announced.
Settlement of Dual Nationality in European Communist Countries
Authors: Sipkov Ivan
Published: April 2017

The establishment of a Communist regime in several European countries as a result of the Soviet military occupation and political influence shortly before and after the end of World War II (Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Rumania and Yugoslavia) caused these countries, as a rule, to follow the Soviet pattern or imitate each other in the field of legislation.
Remarks by Robert MacCrate
Authors: MacCrate Robert
Published: April 2017

The remedies for the recovery of confiscated goods outside of the confiscating state have been neither as fully utilized nor as fully developed as precedent, principle, and usefulness would seem to warrant. The possibility of recovering confiscated goods abroad after they have left the confiscating state is not, of course, a universally available response to the expropriation of an alien’s property. But it is available in many situations where the international movement of goods is involved and frequently affords the only means by which the victim of a confiscation can get a determination of rights under principles of international law and prevailing notions of public order.
Remarks by James Mitchell
Authors: Mitchell James
Published: April 2017

I have been asked to comment on the US-Soviet trade agreement and the negotiations leading up to it. Negotiations began in December 1971, when Secretary of Commerce Stans made the first ministerial level contacts with the Soviet Union on trade and commercial matters. Soviet Foreign Trade Minister Patolichev returned the visit in May 1972, meeting with Stans’ successor, Peter Peterson. They got down to specifics on what each side wanted on trade matters. Then came the Summit Meeting and the adoption of “Basic Principles” of US-Soviet relations. In principle number seven, the two countries pledged that they would actively promote the growth of economic and commercial ties. The also agreed to establish a Joint Commercial Commission.
Remarks by Richard A. Falk
Authors: Falk Richard A.
Published: April 2017

Let me start by relating two points I think most Americans are in agreement about at this time: the first is a widely shared sense of relief that includes both critics and supporters of our earlier policy that the direct American combat role in Vietnam at least is apparently over, and that American forces, both prisoners of war and ground troops, have been repatriated and withdrawn. It must be understood that this point of initial agreement is not so substantial if considered more closely.
The New World Politics and the Law
Authors: Rogers William D.
Published: April 2017

It is a custom of this Society to allow its President each year a few moments for his say. On occasion, this has thrown up gems for thought, such as Harold Lasswell’s essay of a year ago. Today may be a different matter. But tradition must be served.

There is really nothing one could add to the patent for this organization which Professor Lasswell laid down last year. So I propose a few reflections about the broader topic of the new world politics, and what it may mean for our chosen calling, of which this Society is, of course, the central professional institution.
Remarks by Myres S. McDougal
Authors: McDougal Myres S.
Published: April 2017

If you are wondering how an old politician from Mississippi gets himself caught in this situation, sandwiched between an introduction by Tom Farer and a major speech by Hardy Dillard, I am even more puzzled than you are.

I deeply appreciate the warmth of the introduction and have been trying to think of appropriate replies to all the kind things Tom has said. As to Tom’s reference to my modesty, I recall that when Winston Churchill was told that Clement Attlee was a modest man, his retort was: “What does he have to be modest about?”
The Limits of Foreign Authority: Publicity and the Political Logic of Ambivalence in Postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Gilbert Andrew
Published: April 2017

This article explores the ambivalent forms of authority and legitimacy articulated by the Office of the High Representative of the international community in postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina. The High Representative exercised quasi-sovereign powers that placed his position at the center of two contradictions: a democratization paradox of “imposing democracy,” that is, promoting democracy through undemocratic means, and a state-building paradox of building an independent state by violating the principle of popular sovereignty. I analyze the Office's use of mass-mediated publicity to show how the High Representative sought to legitimize his actions in ways that both sustained the norms of democracy and statehood he advocated and suspended the contradictions behind how he promoted them. In doing so, he claimed that Bosnia was caught in a temporary state of exception to the normal nation-state order of things. This claim obliged him to show that he was working to end the state of exception. By focusing on one failed attempt by the OHR to orchestrate an enactment of “local ownership” that was aimed at demonstrating that Bosnia no longer required foreign supervision, this article identifies important limits to internationally instigated political transformation. It offers a view of international intervention that is more volatile, open-ended, and unpredictable than either the ordered representations of the technocratic vision or the confident assertions that critique international intervention as a form of (neo)imperial domination. It also demonstrates the analytic importance of publicity for the comparative study of international nation-building and democratization in the post-Cold War era.
Field Theory and Interdisciplinarity: History and Sociology in Germany and France during the Twentieth Century
Authors: Steinmetz George
Published: April 2017

This article develops a theory of interdisciplinarity and examines relations between historians and sociologists in Germany and France over the course of the twentieth century, focusing in on several key moments of interdisciplinary activity. Interdisciplinary engagements are motivated by scholarly problems, field-specific interests and battles, and pressures and inducements coming from states, businesses, and scientific institutions. Analysis of the most productive moments of cross-disciplinary interaction suggests that they occur when disciplines are equal in power and when scholars are motivated by scholarly problems and disciplinary conflicts to move beyond their disciplines. More generative forms of interdisciplinarity are dialogic and processual, characterized by a fusion of perspectives; less productive forms are externally induced, involve asymmetrical partners, and are organized around division of disciplinary labor rather than an interpenetration of perspectives. The most productive interdisciplinary conjunctures result from serendipitous resonances and contingent synchronicities between subfields of semi-autonomous disciplines. It is thus impossible to produce the most fruitful forms of interdisciplinarity deliberately. The article examines three cases of symmetrical, processual interdisciplinarity involving sociology and history. Two of these cases were located in the French academic field, first between the wars, and then again after 1980. The other case of dialogic collaboration between historians and sociologists begins in Nazi Germany and continues after 1945 into the 1960s, leading to the formation of West GermanHistorische Sozialwissenschaft. Examples of unbalanced interdisciplinarity include German “History-Sociology” during the Weimar Republic, in which sociologists’ opening to history was not reciprocated by professional historians andHistorische Sozialwissenschaftafter 1970.
EFFECT OF EARLY SEXUAL DEBUT ON HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Bengesai A. V. , Khan H. T. A. , Dube R.
Published: April 2017

Early sexual debut is of major concern because it is a correlate for health and economic shocks experienced in adulthood. In South Africa, this concern has provided impetus for research directed at the HIV and AIDS epidemic, teenage pregnancy and the effect of adolescent sexual behaviour on persistence in school. Of interest to the present study is high school completion, which is a well-established empirical barometer of adult socioeconomic opportunities. Using data from the five waves of the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS), this paper examines the association between sexual behaviours initiated in pre- and early adolescence and high school completion rates. The CAPS study is a longitudinal survey that was designed to investigate young people’s (aged 14–22 years) educational attainment and sexual behaviours in Cape Town, South Africa. The sample was constituted from 3213 individuals who had initiated sex during their teenage years and the analysis was undertaken when the youngest cohort was aged 21, an age at which they should have completed high school if they were on time. Logistic regression models were fitted separately for males and females. Overall, the results reveal that early sexual debut is correlated with long-term negative educational outcomes. Individuals who experience early sexual debut are less likely to complete high school than their counterparts who make their sexual debut later on in life. This effect is worse for Africans, who also disproportionately have an earlier sexual debut than other race groups. Apart from race however, the findings also reinforce the effect of other demographic factors on high school completion, namely, place of residence and family socioeconomic status as measured by parental education and household income. Hence, early sexual debut adds another layer of inequality and worsens the plight of Africans, females, those living in rural areas and those who come from low-income families.
Coolie Therapeutics: Labor, Race, and Medical Science in Tropical Australia
Authors: Anderson Warwick
Published: April 2017

This essay considers the biomedical framing of labor in tropical Australia from the late-nineteenth century until the early twenty-first century. This entails critical inquiry into racialized estimates of labor capacity or fitness, as well as skeptical examination of medical assumptions of risk and danger. Racial theories and medical conjectures have constituted flexible analytic toolkits that might adjust, adapt, and justify a variety of exploitative labor practices in Australia’s tropical north. Debates about coolie or indentured labor were never simply economic calculations: They also concerned notions of races and their proper places, and expressed particular moral sensibilities and medical fears. Thus labor history becomes entangled with histories of racial formation and of science and medicine
Uniting Academic Workers: Graduate Workers Organize with the United Auto Workers
Authors: Dayton Lindsey , Batzell Rudi
Published: April 2017

On Friday December 9, 2016, Columbia teaching and research assistants elected the Graduate Workers of Columbia-United Auto Workers (GWC-UAW) Local 2110 as their union with 1602 yes and 623 no votes. On December 22, a preliminary count for the Harvard Graduate Students Union-UAW was not conclusive, with 314 challenge ballots exceeding the margin between 1,272 yes and 1,456 no votes. Both elections were possible because the National Labor Relations Board, ruling on a suit brought by Columbia students, overturned a 2004 decision that prohibited the formation of graduate unions in private colleges and universities.
Healthcare innovation and patent law’s ‘pharmaceutical privilege’: is there a pharmaceutical privilege? And if so, should we remove it?
Authors: Dutfield Graham
Published: April 2017

This article reviews current trends in patent claims regarding personalised, stratified and precision medicine. These trends are not particularly well understood by policymakers, even less by the public, and are quite recent. Consequently, their implications for the public interest have hardly been thought out. Some see personalised and other secondary drug patent claims as promoting better targeted treatment. Others are inclined to see them as \manifestations of ‘evergreening’ whereby companies are, in some cases quite cynically, trying to extend market monopolies in old products or creating new monopolies based on supposedly improved versions of such earlier drugs. The article claims that the relaxation of ‘novelty’ is a privilege unavailable to inventions in other fields and that on balance the patent systemdoesprivilege this industry and that no adequate case has yet been made thus far to prove the public benefits overall.
Making the Most of Capital in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Lindert Peter H.
Published: April 2017

Abstracts

Thomas Piketty’s monumental Capital in the Twenty-First Century has transported us to a higher understanding of the historical evolution of inequality. This essay attempts to inventory the different avenues of research, more or less promising, that scholars might usefully pursue when building on his work. The most important path to follow is the history of inequalities in income that Piketty and his team have flagged up so well, supported by the book’s history of the great shocks of the twentieth century and the political responses that they elicited. Less promising is the book’s emphasis on wealth, capital, and the rate of return. The best predictions of future inequality can be achieved by merging Piketty and his team’s history of those who hold the top 10 percent of income with works dedicated to the history of inequality within the lower 90 percent. It is also necessary to integrate other scholarship that has demonstrated that the sort of democratic system Piketty calls for would have positive effects on growth.
The Role of Historical Research in the Continuing Professional Education of Teachers in France
Authors: Kaaouachi Hayat El
Published: April 2017

Academic research has a tremendous impact on the scientific and methodological quality of history teaching in secondary schools. Yet the bridges between higher and secondary education are not always sufficient to meet this challenge. To what extent can teachers’ continuing professional education make history teaching more consistent with the findings of historiographical research and debates?
History in the Classroom An Undisciplined Subject
Authors: De Cock Laurence
Published: April 2017

This paper argues that a discipline taught in schools is more than a mere copy of scientific knowledge. It investigates the relationship between scholarly and pedagogic knowledge from the end of the nineteenth century, when the teaching of history was tasked with participating in the construction of a shared national culture. In fact, it is only by mobilizing tools from the social sciences that the complexity of history teaching can be understood. The repeated accusations directed at the teaching of history in schools therefore reflect a trite and hackneyed understanding of its nature and mission.
Making the History of Early Modern Science: Reflections on a Discipline in the Age of Globalization
Authors: Romano Antonella
Published: April 2017

What kind of history is the history of science? To what extent does the academic research labeled as such delineate a homogeneous field? What are the current challenges that it faces? The recent translation of Simon Schaffer’s works into French, along with the publication of his 2014 Marc Bloch Lecture in the Annales, provides the framework for this article’s historiographical reflection on the profound changes that have taken place within the discipline over the last thirty years, particularly within a French context. The analysis is twofold. First, it aims to trace how new approaches to the sociology and anthropology of science have reconfigured the boundaries of the discipline. Second, it considers the effect of the abandonment of one of its major historiographical paradigms by most of the scholars currently working on early modern science: the scientific revolution as the rise of scientific modernity, underpinned by a Eurocentric vision of the production of knowledge. Although most research on the early modern period now strives to distance itself from this narrative, it must also face new challenges and questions—in particular the role of science in the processes of globalization and the multiplicity of sites and social configurations that participate in this change of scale. These challenges point towards new methods and styles in the history of science and, more broadly, the social sciences.
Ceremonies of Measurement: Rethinking the World History of Science
Authors: Schaffer Simon
Published: April 2017

The practices of measurement have long been taken as authoritative technologies that travel unusually well and easily across cultural boundaries, and as a sign and cause of the apparent dominance of Western modes of science. Attention to the rituals of measurement and to the emergence of the forms of knowledge that accompanied measurement, notably the sciences of metrology, helps challenge these assumptions. Stories of the silent trade, often located in western Africa, and of the ritual origins of measurement, developed within anthropology and conjectural history, can be used to explore how measurement practices traveled and changed. In particular, the work of Marc Bloch as the preeminent historian of ceremony and power can help illuminate the relation between the historical geography of metrology and the scope of the sciences. His brilliant analysis of the royal ritual of “cramp rings” and its fate provides an important example and precedent for comparably ceremonial and culturally significant episodes in the long history of the science of measurement.
Exercise contagion in a global social network
Authors: Aral Sinan , Nicolaides Christos
Published: April 2017

We leveraged exogenous variation in weather patterns across geographies to identify social contagion in exercise behaviours across a global social network. We estimated these contagion effects by combining daily global weather data, which creates exogenous variation in running among friends, with data on the network ties and daily exercise patterns of ∼1.1M individuals who ran over 350M km in a global social network over 5 years. Here we show that exercise is socially contagious and that its contagiousness varies with the relative activity of and gender relationships between friends. Less active runners influence more active runners, but not the reverse. Both men and women influence men, while only women influence other women. While the Embeddedness and Structural Diversity theories of social contagion explain the influence effects we observe, the Complex Contagion theory does not. These results suggest interventions that account for social contagion will spread behaviour change more effectively.
Necrotrophic growth of periodontopathogens is a novel virulence factor in oral biofilms
Authors: Rodriguez Herrero Esteban , Boon Nico , Pauwels Martine , Bernaerts Kristel , Slomka Vera , Quirynen Marc , Teughels Wim
Published: April 2017

The oral use of antimicrobial agents embedded in toothpastes and mouth rinses results in an oral microbial massacre with high amounts of dead bacteria in close proximity to few surviving bacteria. It was hypothesized that this provides the surviving pathogenic bacteria a large amount of dead microbial biomass as a nutritional source for growth (necrotrophy). This study demonstrated the necrotrophic growth of periodontal pathogens in the presence of different dead oral species. In addition, the presence of dead bacteria resulted in an outgrowth of several periodontal pathogens in complex multi-species biofilms. Additionally, upon contact with dead oral bacteria, virulence genes of P. intermedia and P. gingivalis were up-regulated (necrovirulence). This resulted in a more pronounced epithelial cytotoxicity (necrotoxicity). These findings indicate that presence of dead bacteria induce necrotrophy, necrovirulence and necrotoxicity in several oral pathogens.
Quality and freshness of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells decrease over time after trypsinization and storage in phosphate-buffered saline
Authors: Shin Tae Hwan , Lee Seungah , Choi Ki Ryung , Lee Da Yeon , Kim Yongman , Paik Man Jeong , Seo Chan , Kang Seok , Jin Moon Suk , Yoo Tae Hyeon , Kang Seong Ho , Lee Gwang
Published: April 2017

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) have been studied for their therapeutic potential. However, evaluating the quality of hBM-MSCs before transplantation remains a challenge. We addressed this issue in the present study by investigating deformation, the expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, changes in amino acid profiles, and membrane fluidity in hBM-MSCs. Deformability and cell size were decreased after storage for 6 and 12 h, respectively, in phosphate-buffered saline. Intracellular ROS levels also increased over time, which was associated with altered expression of genes related to ROS generation and amino acid metabolism. Membrane fluidity measurements revealed higher Laurdan generalized polarization values at 6 and 12 h; however, this effect was reversed by N-acetyl-l-cysteine-treatment. These findings indicate that the quality and freshness of hBM-MSCs is lost over time after dissociation from the culture dish for transplantation, highlighting the importance of using freshly trypsinized cells in clinical applications.
Light- and circadian-controlled genes respond to a broad light spectrum in Puffer Fish-derived Fugu eye cells
Authors: Okano Keiko , Ozawa Shoichi , Sato Hayao , Kodachi Sawa , Ito Masaharu , Miyadai Toshiaki , Takemura Akihiro , Okano Toshiyuki
Published: April 2017

Some cell lines retain intrinsic phototransduction pathways to control the expression of light-regulated genes such as the circadian clock gene. Here we investigated the photosensitivity of a Fugu eye, a cell line established from the eye ofTakifugu rubripes, to examine whether such a photosensitive nature is present. Microarray analysis identified 15 genes that showed blue light-dependent change at the transcript level. We investigated temporal profiles of the light-induced genes, as well asCryandPer,under light-dark, constant light (LL), and constant dark (DD) conditions by quantitative RT-PCR. Transcript levels ofPer1aandPer3genes showed circadian rhythmic changes under both LL and DD conditions, while those ofCrygenes were controlled by light. All genes examined, including DNA-damage response genes and photolyase genes, were upregulated not only by blue light but also green and red light, implying the contribution of multiple photopigments. The present study is the first to identify a photosensitive clock cell line originating from a marine fish. These findings may help to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying photic synchronization of the physiological states of fishes to not only daily light-dark cycles but also to various marine environmental cycles such as the lunar or semi-lunar cycle.
Loop diuretics affect skeletal myoblast differentiation and exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Mandai Shintaro , Furukawa Susumu , Kodaka Manami , Hata Yutaka , Mori Takayasu , Nomura Naohiro , Ando Fumiaki , Mori Yutaro , Takahashi Daiei , Yoshizaki Yuki , Kasagi Yuri , Arai Yohei , Sasaki Emi , Yoshida Sayaka , Furuichi Yasuro , Fujii Nobuharu L. , Sohara Eisei , Rai Tatemitsu , Uchida Shinichi
Published: April 2017

Muscle wasting or sarcopenia contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer, renal failure, or heart failure, and in elderly individuals. Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) is highly expressed in mammalian skeletal muscle, where it contributes to the generation of membrane ion currents and potential. However, the physiologic function of NKCC1 in myogenesis is unclear. We investigated this issue using the NKCC1 inhibitors bumetanide and furosemide, which are commonly used loop diuretics. NKCC1 protein levels increased during C2C12 murine skeletal myoblast differentiation, similarly to those of the myogenic markers myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC). NKCC1 inhibitors markedly suppressed myoblast fusion into myotubes and the expression of myogenin and MHC. Furthermore, phosphorylated and total NKCC1 levels were elevated in mouse skeletal muscles after 6 weeks’ voluntary wheel running. Immunofluorescence analyses of myofiber cross-sections revealed more large myofibers after exercise, but this was impaired by daily intraperitoneal bumetanide injections (0.2 or 10 mg/kg/day). NKCC1 plays an essential role in myogenesis and exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and sarcopenia in patients with renal or heart failure may be attributable to treatment with loop diuretics.
Immune Tissue Print and Immune Capture-PCR for Diagnosis and Detection of Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus
Authors: Ding Fang , Paul Cristina , Brlansky Ron , Hartung John S.
Published: April 2017

‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CaLas), associated with citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), is a non culturable member of the α-proteobacteria. In this study serologically based methods for the detection of CaLas were developed. An anti-outer membrane protein A (OmpA) polyclonal antibody previously produced (in our laboratory) was highly effective for the detection of CaLas from citrus tissues in a simple tissue printing format. The antibody was also used to capture bacteria from periwinkle extracts. About 80% of all field samples analyzed tested positive with both immune tissue printing and qPCR; whereas 95% were positive with at least one of these two methods. When asymptomatic citrus tissues were tested, the tissue printing method gave a higher rate of detection (83%) than the qPCR method (64%). This is consistent with a lower concentration of CaLas DNA, but a higher proportion of viable cells, in the asymptomatic tissues. The immune tissue printing method also highlights the detail of the spatial distribution of ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ in diseased citrus tissues. Both the immune capture PCR and immune tissue printing methods offer the advantages of low cost, high throughput, ease of scaling for multiple samples and simplicity over current PCR-based methods for the detection of ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’.
Transcriptome sequencing study implicates immune-related genes differentially expressed in schizophrenia: new data and a meta-analysis
Authors: Sanders A R , Drigalenko E I , Duan J , Moy W , Freda J , Göring H H H , Gejman P V ,   on behalf of MGS
Published: April 2017

We undertook an RNA sequencing (RNAseq)-based transcriptomic profiling study on lymphoblastoid cell lines of a European ancestry sample of 529 schizophrenia cases and 660 controls, and found 1058 genes to be differentially expressed by affection status. These differentially expressed genes were enriched for involvement in immunity, especially the 697 genes with higher expression in cases. Comparing the current RNAseq transcriptomic profiling to our previous findings in an array-based study of 268 schizophrenia cases and 446 controls showed a highly significant positive correlation over all genes. Fifteen (18%) of the 84 genes with significant (false discovery rate<0.05) expression differences between cases and controls in the previous study and analyzed here again were differentially expressed by affection status here at a genome-wide significance level (Bonferroni P<0.05 adjusted for 8141 analyzed genes in total, or P<~6.1 × 10−6), all with the same direction of effect, thus providing corroborative evidence despite each sample of fully independent subjects being studied by different technological approaches. Meta-analysis of the RNAseq and array data sets (797 cases and 1106 controls) showed 169 additional genes (besides those found in the primary RNAseq-based analysis) to be differentially expressed, and provided further evidence of immune gene enrichment. In addition to strengthening our previous array-based gene expression differences in schizophrenia cases versus controls and providing transcriptomic support for some genes implicated by other approaches for schizophrenia, our study detected new genes differentially expressed in schizophrenia. We highlight RNAseq-based differential expression of various genes involved in neurodevelopment and/or neuronal function, and discuss caveats of the approach.
A sensitive fluorescent probe for the polar solvation dynamics at protein–surfactant interfaces
Authors: Singh Priya , Choudhury Susobhan , Singha Subhankar , Jun Yongwoong , Chakraborty Sandipan , Sengupta Jhimli , Das Ranjan , Ahn Kyo-Han , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: April 2017

Relaxation dynamics at the surface of biologically important macromolecules is important taking into account their functionality in molecular recognition.
Turn-on fluorescent sensor for the detection of cyanide based on a novel dicyanovinyl phenylacetylene
Authors: Thanayupong Eknarin , Suttisintong Khomson , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Niamnont Nakorn
Published: April 2017

A novel phenylacetylene derivative (3) was successfully synthesized via Sonogashira coupling and a Knoevenagel reaction for cyanide ion detection.
Hierarchical carbon microstructures prepared from oil-palm-shell tracheids for Li–S batteries
Authors: Zhao Fenghui , Li De , Cao Bokai , Liu Min , Chen Ke , Chen Yong
Published: April 2017

Oil-palm-shell tracheids are chemically isolated, carbonized and activated to form hierarchical porous hollow carbon microstructures for Li–S batteries.
An azidocoumarin-based fluorescent probe for imaging lysosomal hydrogen sulfide in living cells
Authors: Xie Qiao-Ling , Liu Wei , Liu Xian-Jun , Ouyang Fan , Kuang Yong-Qing , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: April 2017

A commercially available fluorescent hydrogen sulfide (H2S) probe 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin (AzMC) was developed into its lysosome-targeted counterpart Lyso-Cviaa four-step synthetic approach.
Infrared laser writing of MOFs
Authors: Hirai K. , Sada K.
Published: April 2017

By a computer-controlled infrared laser machine, any types of metal–organic frameworks can be patterned on substrates.
Direct use of allylic alcohols and allylic amines in palladium-catalyzed allylic amination
Authors: Jing Jiangyan , Huo Xiaohong , Shen Jiefeng , Fu Jingke , Meng Qinghua , Zhang Wanbin
Published: April 2017

Allylic alcohols and allylic amines were directly utilized in a Pd-catalyzed hydrogen-bond-activated allylic amination under mild reaction conditions in the absence of any additives. The catalytic system is compatible with a variety of functional groups and can be used to prepare a wide range of linear allylic amines in good to excellent yields.
Controlled ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxy-anhydride by frustrated amine/borane Lewis pairs
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Nie Yanzhao , Zhi Xinmei , Du Haifeng , Yang Jing
Published: April 2017

An FLP intermediate formed through the bulky borane Lewis acid and the amine groups of the propagation chain end controlled the ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxy-anhydride monomers.
A very simple method for the preparation of Au/TiO2plasmonic photocatalysts working under irradiation of visible light in the range of 600–700 nm
Authors: Tanaka Atsuhiro , Hashimoto Keiji , Kominami Hiroshi
Published: April 2017

Partially spherical Au/TiO2worked as plasmonic photocatalyst under irradiation of red light.
Access to divergent benzo-heterocycles via a catalyst-dependent strategy in the controllable cyclization of o-alkynyl-N-methoxyl-benzamides
Authors: Ding Dong , Mou Tao , Xue Jiahui , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: April 2017

A chemo- and regio-selectively controllable approach for construction of diverse benzo-heterocycles is established. The ligand controls the regioselectivity and the metal dominates the chemoselectivity.
Investigation of easy-plane magnetic anisotropy in P-ligand square-pyramidal CoII single ion magnets
Authors: Mondal Amit Kumar , Jover Jesús , Ruiz Eliseo , Konar Sanjit
Published: April 2017

Field induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior has been studied for the first time for two P-donor ligand-based square-pyramidal CoII complexes with an easy-plane magnetic anisotropy.
An FTIR emission study of the products of NO A2Σ+ (v = 0, 1) + O2 collisions
Authors: Few Julian , Fletcher James D. , Hancock Gus , Redmond Jennifer L. , Ritchie Grant A. D.
Published: April 2017

Products of the quenching of NO A2Σ+ (v = 0, 1) by O2 are observed by time-resolved FTIR emission. Vibrationally excited ground electronic states of NO and NO2 are seen, and reactive channels are identified.
Investigating anomalous thermal expansion of copper halides by inelastic neutron scattering and ab initio phonon calculations
Authors: Gopakumar Abhijith M. , Gupta M. K. , Mittal R. , Rols S. , Chaplot S. L.
Published: April 2017

The volume dependence of the frequency of the soft transverse acoustic phonon explains the anomalous thermal expansion in CuX.
High-performance gas sensors based on a thiocyanate ion-doped organometal halide perovskite
Authors: Zhuang Yue , Yuan Wenjing , Qian Liu , Chen Shan , Shi Gaoquan
Published: April 2017

A gas sensor based on a thiocyanate ion-doped organometal halide perovskite can sensitively and selectively detect acetone vapour and nitrogen dioxide with good repeatability and improved stability.
Assessing the predictability of anharmonic vibrational modes at the example of hydroxyl groups – ad hoc construction of localised modes and the influence of structural solute–solvent motifs
Authors: Schuler Manuel J. , Hofer Thomas S. , Huck Christian W.
Published: April 2017

The performance of the grid-based Numerov approach for the prediction of vibrational modes has been systematically assessed for analytically solvable model systems and hydroxyl-groups of different molecules.
A small bandgap semiconductor, p-type MnV2O6, active for photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen production
Authors: Zoellner Brandon , Gordon Elijah , Maggard Paul A.
Published: April 2017

Visible-light active MnV2O6 with suitable band positions for both water oxidation and reduction.
Zinc hydridotriphenylborates supported by a neutral macrocyclic polyamine
Authors: Mukherjee Debabrata , Wiegand Ann-Kristin , Spaniol Thomas P. , Okuda Jun
Published: April 2017

A neutral macrocyclic polyamine 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Me4TACD) stabilizes cationic zinc hydridotriphenylborates that react with CO2(1 atm) under insertion into the B–H bonds.
Design and in vitro biological evaluation of substituted chalcones synthesized from nitrogen mustards as potent microtubule targeted anticancer agents
Authors: Sabina X. Janet , Karthikeyan J. , Velmurugan Gunasekaran , Tamizh M. Muthu , Shetty A. Nityananda
Published: April 2017

Six chalcones were synthesized and their structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. They exhibited enhanced anticancer activity and tubulin inhibition.
Near-infrared fluorescent dyes with large Stokes shifts: light generation in BODIPYs undergoing excited state intramolecular proton transfer
Authors: Fei Qiang , Gu Xianfeng , Liu Yajing , Shi Ben , Liu Hengyan , Xu Ge , Li Chunbao , Shi Ping , Zhao Chunchang
Published: April 2017

New ESIPT-based BODIPYs are developed to render the NIR emissions with a large Stokes shift.
Asymmetric conjugate additions of 2-substituted benzofuran-3(2H)-ones to α,β-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by chiral copper complexes
Authors: Wang Haojiang , Wang Yifeng , Zhang Cheng , Jiang Yidong , Chu Mingming , Li Zhaobo , Du Xiaohua , Xu Danqian
Published: April 2017

A highly enantioselective conjugate addition of 2-substituted benzofuran-3(2H)-ones to α,β-unsaturated ketones promoted by chiral copper complexes has been developed.
Construction of protein assemblies by host–guest interactions with cucurbiturils
Authors: Hou Chunxi , Huang Zupeng , Fang Yu , Liu Junqiu
Published: April 2017

Protein assembly is important in nature and bionics. Herein, we have reviewed the recent progress in protein assemblies induced by cucurbituril-based supramolecular interactions and their applications.
Robust monopulse beam synthesis with sparse elements in linear and planar arrays with element failure detection
Authors: Park Jaehyun , Lee Jihye , Chun Joohwan , Kwak Semin
Published: April 2017

In this study, the authors present monopulse beam synthesis methods with sparse elements robust to the antenna module failure. The monopulse beam radar generates two beams (sum/difference beams) simultaneously and it requires a large number of antenna elements in antenna arrays. However, it is desirable to reduce the number of active antenna elements. Furthermore, in many practical applications, some of antenna elements may experience the module failure. Accordingly, to design beams robust to the module failure and reduce the number of active antenna elements simultaneously, the authors propose a modified reweighted L1 minimisation methods in which the Bayesian‐inference‐based failure probability is exploited. The authors also discuss how the proposed sparse beam synthesis method can be carried out successfully in conjunction with the array failure diagnosis based on the Bayesian compressive sensing.
Large-Scale Cobalt-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Functionalized Bench-Stable Arylzinc Pivalates with (Hetero)Aryl and Alkenyl Halides­
Authors: Hofmayer Maximilian , Hammann Jeffrey , Lutter Ferdinand , Knochel Paul
Published: April 2017

A robust and scalable CoCl2-catalyzed cross-coupling between functionalized arylzinc pivalates and various electron-poor (hetero)aryl and alkenyl halides is reported.
Vitamin B6–Responsive Epilepsy due to a Novel KCNQ2 Mutation
Authors: Lemke Johannes , Korinthenberg Rudolf , Jacobs Julia , Klotz Kerstin
Published: April 2017

Mutations in KCNQ2, encoding for subunits of potassium channels, are known to cause neonatal epileptic encephalopathy (NEE). Therapeutic options for these children are often limited. Recently, there are indications that some patients with KCNQ2 NEE show seizure response to vitamin B6 (VB6) therapy. We present a young infant with severe KCNQ2 encephalopathy resulting from a novel de novo mutation (c.1023G>C; p.(Gln341His)). In our patient, VB6 responsiveness could be demonstrated clearly by remarkable seizure-response to VB6 therapy and seizure exacerbation to discontinuation of VB6 therapy. The pathophysiology of VB6 response in potassium channel mutations is not understood. Some hypothetical mechanisms are currently in discussion. To identify the group of patients who benefits from VB6 therapy, further investigations are necessary.
Interlobar Artery Resistive Index predicts Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Syndrome in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Decompensation
Authors: Solís-Muñoz Pablo , Willars Christopher , Wendon Julia , Auzinger George , Heneghan Michael , De la Flor-Robledo Maria , Solís-Herruzo José
Published: April 2017

Introduction Patients with acutely decompensated (AD) cirrhosis are at risk for developing acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) syndrome. This syndrome is associated with a high short-term mortality rate. The aim of our study was to identify reliable early predictors of developing ACLF in cirrhotic patients with AD.

Patients and Methods We assessed 84 cirrhotic patients admitted for AD without ACLF on admission. We performed routine blood testing and detailed ultrasound Doppler studies of systemic arteries and mayor abdominal veins and arteries. We also calculated liver-specific and intensive care unit predictive scores. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was calculated for all variables that were significantly different between patients who developed ACLF and those who did not. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, as well as diagnostic accuracy predicting the short-term development of ACLF were determined.

Results of the 84 patients, 23 developed ACLF whereas 61 did not. In the univariate analysis, serum levels of creatinine and urea, prothrombin time ratio, MELD score, portal vein and femoral artery flow velocity as well as the renal and interlobar artery resistive indices (RI) were associated with the short-term development of ACLF. However, only interlobar artery RI had independent predictive value in the multivariate analysis. The AUROC value for RI of the interlobar arteries was 0.9971.

Conclusion On the first day of admission, ultrasound measurement of the RI of the interlobar arteries recognizes with high predictive accuracy those cirrhotic patients admitted with AD who will develop ACLF during hospital admission.
Performance of FACTS and energy storage devices in a multi area wind-hydro-thermal system employed with SFS optimized I-PDF controller
Authors: Saha Debdeep , Saikia L. C.
Published: April 2017

This paper presents automatic generation control of an unequal three area interconnected wind-hydro-thermal system incorporating flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) and energy storage devices. Non-linearities such as boiler dynamics and generation rate constraints are considered to get an insight into realistic power systems. A novel secondary controller named as the integral minus proportional derivative controller with first order filter effect (I-PDF) is proposed for the system. A new heuristic optimization technique called stochastic Fractal Search (SFS) is used for the optimization of the controller gains and other parameters. The comparison of system dynamics using some controllers such as integral (I), proportional–integral (PI), and proportional-integral-derivative (PID), and I-PDF reveals the superiority of the latter. The performance comparison of some FACTS devices such as static synchronous series capacitors, thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS), and unified power flow capacitors in the presence of I, PI, PID, and I-PDF controllers is done for damping out frequency oscillations. The results explore promising performance using TCPSs and I-PDF controllers. Also, investigation on integration of some energy storage devices such as capacitive energy storage and Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs) results in further damping and better system performance in terms of peak deviation and settling time. The response profile seems more convincing with RFBs. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the SFS optimized I-PDF controller obtained at nominal conditions in the presence of TCPS and RFB are good enough to widely change the system conditions and parameters.