bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MECHANISM FOR CREATION OF EVENT-DRIVEN APPLICATIONS BASED ON WOLFRAM MATHEMATICA AND APACHE KAFKA
Authors: Zolotariov Denis
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the research and development of the mechanism of interaction between Wolfram Mathematica programs and Apache Kafka queue to provide the ability to build event-driven applications based on it. The subject of the research is the practical principles of building a mechanism for interaction between Wolfram Mathematica and Apache Kafka. The purpose of the article is to develop and substantiate practical recommendations regarding the formation of a mechanism for publishing messages to the Apache Kafka queue and reading messages from it for programs of the mathematical processor Wolfram Mathematica, which will make it possible to build event-driven applications. Tasks: to determine the mechanism of such interaction, prove the choice of tools for its implementation, create and test the obtained results. The research used the following tools: Apache Kafka, Kafkacat, the method of developing the Wolfram Mathematica package. The results of the research: the mechanism of interaction between Wolfram Mathematica and Apache Kafka was determined and the corresponding toolkit was created on its basis in the form of two Mathematica packages, which are built on using Apache Kafka as a queue client and third-party Kafkacat software, respectively. It is shown that the first option is less reliable and consumes much more computer resources during operation. It has been demonstrated that the Mathematica processor is currently not suitable in its pure form for real-time data analysis. Recommendations are given regarding the use of built-in compilation functions to increase the speed of such processing. Conclusions. Practical recommendations have been developed and substantiated regarding the formation of the mechanism of interaction between the Wolfram Mathematica mathematical processor and the Apache Kafka queue manager for the possibility of working in two directions with the queue: publishing messages and reading them. A toolkit for such interaction in the form of Mathematica packages has been created, their capabilities have been demonstrated, as well as comparison with each other. The economic benefit of using the described tools is shown. Future ways of its improvement are given.
VIBRATORY ACTIVITY INVESTIGATION OF GRINDING MACHINE ELECTRIC SPINDLES
Authors: Gasparov Erik , Gasparova Lana , Markosyan Gevorg
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this work is to support dynamic properties of spindle units in grinding machines. For this there are problems under solution for the definition of the origin of the constituents in the spindle unit vibratory activity by means of the linear increase of electric spindle rotation frequency, obtaining and analyzing a vibratory acceleration signal for the possibility to determine a preload. The vibratory acceleration signal was investigated through a spectrum analysis method. A scientific novelty of investigation consists in the substantiation of possibility to determine a preload by means of the spectrum analysis of a vibration acceleration signal at the linear increase of spindle rotation frequency that is at starting. It gives, in its turn, a possibility for the automated estimate of the spindle unit state before cutting beginning. In the experimental way there are obtained temporal realizations of the vibratory acceleration signal at different efforts of the preload. A high-speed grinding motor-spindle is as a basic element of the bench, which was investigated through the methods of testing diagnostics in the operation. In the bench design there were made some alterations. The bench was supplemented with the systems essential to support motor-spindle full operation, in particular: with systems of lubrication, cooling and drive control. There was revealed a large number of harmonics multiple to 50 Hz, which tells of the connection with the frequency of power supply circuit. Their coincidence with the own frequencies of the spindle unit results in the considerable increase of their amplitudes. To increase dynamic quality one should avoid the cases of the coincidence of switching frequencies and circuit harmonics with own frequencies of the electric spindle. It is also necessary to bring a form of power voltage to a pure harmonic oscillation to decrease the impact of a drive electromagnetic field upon dynamic characteristics of the spindle unit.
Anatomical Study of Some Species of the Brassicaceae Family
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed Hassan , Moter Ahmed Abies
Published: June 2021

Study complete in postgraduate laboratories at the College of Science, Department of Biology, University of Kufa.

The anatomical study revealed a variation in the formation of complex cells and epidermal cells, where they differed in their shapes and were irregular with wavy ridges and on the axial surfaces in R. sativusvar red L. and R. sativuslongipinntus L. Their walls were weak jagged in only R. raphenstrum. Also, the stomata were located on both sides of the leaf blade, and the upper epidermis contained fewer stomata compared to the lower epidermis.
Calotropis procera (Arka): A Tribal Herb of Utmost Significance
Authors: Kumari Isha , Chaudhary Gitika
Published: June 2021

Nature has gifted humans a vast variety of medicinal plants, which are the rich source of bioactive compounds. Calotropis procera is an important medicinal plant that belongs to the family asclepiadaceae. It is commonly known as madar and milkweed plant in english and arka in hindi. It is mostly found in the tropics of asia and africa. Calotropis procera is a highly valued plant in the folk medication system. Each part of the plant is richly endowed with diverse nature of phytochemical constituents like alkaloids, proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, saponins, terpenes, and flavonoids, etc. These phytochemicals are significantly associated with various therapeutic and pharmacological properties such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antifertility, anti-diarrheal, and spasmolytic. In this review article, the therapeutic and pharmacological value of this important plant has been summarized along with its utilization in the folklore and ayurvedic medicinal system.
Factors associated with cognitive performance in residents of long-term care facilities in Northeast Mexico.
Authors: Coindreau-Frías Fernando , Fernandez-Garza Luis E. , Botello-González Loubette , Rodríguez-Fuentes David E. , Barrera-Barrera Silvia A. , Barrera-Saldaña Hugo A.
Published: June 2021

Objective: To investigate factors associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in institutionalized Mexican older adults.
Material and methods: Cross-sectional study of residents of three long-term care facilities in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico. A medical history, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Barthel index, geriatric depression scale, and a nutritional screening were performed. CI was defined as MMSE ≤24.
Results: Of 280 octogenarian residents (72.1% females) 61.1 % had a MMSE ≤24. Older age (OR=1.047), functional dependence (OR=10.309), malnutrition (OR=2.202), urinary incontinence (OR=2.588), and history of fracture (OR=1.764) were directly associated to CI. While higher education level (OR=0.583) and the use of antihypertensives (OR=0.521), antihistamines (OR=0.322), antiprostatic hypertrophy (OR=0.219), and lipid-lowering drugs (OR=0.575) were inversely associated.
Conclusions: The evaluation of cognitive performance and its associated factors is essential for institutionalized patients in order to implement a management program aimed at reducing the progression of CI and its possible complications.
Nanofluid with nonlinear Rosseland thermal radiation and mixed convection
Authors: IFTIKHAR Nazish , BİLAL Muhammad , ZAFAR Azhar Ali , HUSNİNE Syed Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Two dimensional flow of mixed convection nanofluid on horizontal plate with the effect of nonlinear Rosseland thermal radiation has been investigated. Mathematical model of the problem is based on partial differential equations and optimal homotopy analysis method is applied to sort out solutions. Moreover, comprehensive study of influence of emerging parameters is carried out via graphical interpretation and tables.
Makassar War in the Perspective of the Indonesian Total War
Authors: Arief Ruslan , Midhio I Wayan , Risman Helda , Anwar Syaiful , Prakoso Lukman Yudho
Published: June 2021

The purpose of writing this article is to take a lesson from history and then make a comparison in order to find the strengths and weaknesses of a nation in implementing a defense system, and it is stipulated in a state document in the form of law if we look at events that occurred in the past, the location of the port Somba Opu is located in a very strategic area, which is located between Malacca and Maluku which makes the VOC (Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie) or the East Indies Trade Association intending to implement monopolistic practices; therefore Makassar port must be controlled and must be under VOC control. In addition, the VOC did its best to provide spices to the European market by monopolizing the spice trade in the archipelago. While also wanting the divine government to be under VOC control, this was a threat to the interests of trade and shipping on the island of Maluku for the Makassar Sultanate since the arrival of the VOC. Because of that, there was trade competition between the Kingdom of Gowa and the VOC, and it was inevitable that there would be friction which resulted in the emergence of social conflict between the Sultanate of Makassar and the VOC, which at its peak broke out in a war between the two sides known as the Makassar War in the XVII century. The conflict continued after the Bongaya agreement on November 18, 1668, which led to major changes in the Bugis-Makassar Kingdom. The VOC obtained a trade monopoly in Makassar, and all non-Dutch Europeans were forced to leave Makassar. The conflict in Makassar resulted in an unstable security situation. The universal defense system, as stated in the Republic of Indonesia Law (RI Law) Number 3 of 2002 concerning national defense, has stipulated that the Indonesian defense system is SISHANKAMRATA, where the contribution of the people in it is an important part).
The Nature of Information, Semantics, and Effectiveness for Artificial Intelligence and Cognition
Authors: Brown Kerry
Published: June 2021

This manuscript puts forward claims to help address foundational gaps in understanding Cognition and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), including the nature of Emergence, Semantics, and Information. This includes criteria for assessing true understanding in AI models. How symbolic reasoning conceptualizes phenomena is described. Without a subsymbolic perceptual level to generate concepts, there is no symbol grounding. Grounding requires dynamics outside of its own symbolization. Grounding forms the set of symbols used at the conceptual level. It is claimed that this role explains Semantics. This approach naturally leads to established research on Conceptual Spaces and has implications for Semantic Vector Spaces learned via Neural Embedding methods. It also has implications for Information Theories. A claim is made that Semantic Processes form Shannon-like microstates and macrostates, while Effective Processes constrain Semantic Processes. Unlike existing Semantic Information Theories, Semantic Processes are pre-informational. The claims provide perspective on the Mind. It is natural to conflate percepts with the modified version necessarily created when conceptualizing through explication. The ‘Hard Problem of Consciousness’ is related to this Percept/Concept distinction. Concepts are always subject to Eliminative Materialism. The nonconceptual properties of Percepts cannot be eliminated. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Emergence are distinguished. It is common to assume extrinsic emergent properties are intrinsic to the systems evoking them. This presents a challenge for proving intrinsic emergence in AI. However, criteria are proposed for claiming a theoretical system intrinsically processes information and grounds symbols. By leveraging the functional properties of Grounding, the criteria can be considered for actual systems.
PERAN POLITIK DALAM BIDANG PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Azizah Nur
Published: June 2021

Politik dan pendidikan merupakan dua komponen penting dalam bidangnya sendiri, akan tetapi politik dan pendidikan adalah elemen yang berpengaruh terhadap sistem sosial politik baik itu di negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Keduanya pun saling memiliki keterkaitan satu sama lain dalam proses pembentukan karakteristik di dalam sebuah masyarakat yang berbangsa dan bernegara. Keduanya pun saling berpengaruh terhadap lembaga-lembaga serta pendidikan yang menunjang dalam membentuk sikap politik dalam masyarakat itu sendiri. Terjadinya hubungan erat antara politik dan pendidikan di negara tersebut yang mana hubungan ini merupakan hubungan realistis empiris yang terjadi pada awal perkembangan peradaban manusia dan hal ini menjadi perhatian para ilmuan untuk mengkajinya.
Hydrology Research Articles are Becoming More Topically Diverse
Authors: Rahman Mashrekur , Frame Jonathan , Lin Jimmy , Nearing Grey
Published: June 2021

We used Natural Language Processing (NLP) to assess topic diversity in all research articles (∼75,000) from eighteen water science and hydrology journals published between 1991 and 2019. We found that individual water science and hydrology research articles are becoming increasingly interdisciplinary in the sense that, on average, the number of equally-common topics represented in individual articles is increasing. This is true even though the body of water science and hydrology literature as a whole is not becoming more topically diverse. These findings suggest that the National Research Council’s (1991) recommendation to increase multidisciplinarity of hydrological research has been followed. Topics with the largest increases in popularity were Climate Change Impacts, Water Policy & Planning, and Pollutant Removal. Topics with the largest decreases in popularity were Stochastic Models and Numerical Models. At a journal level, Water Resources Research, Journal of Hydrology, and Hydrological Processes are the three most topically diverse journals in the discipline. We also identified topics that are becoming increasingly isolated, and which could potentially benefit from integrating more with the wider hydrology discipline.
Performance Analysis of Hydrocarbon Wells Based on the Skin Zone
Authors: AL-Obaidi S H , Khalaf Falah H , Alwan Hiba H
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to study the area near the bottom of the hydrocarbon well, which is usually affected by drilling and development operations, and to find a modern method that improves the transfer of fluid from the reservoir to the well.The area near the wellbore of an oil and gas formation is a very active and unstable zone. Field studies have shown that during the process of drilling the first well into the pay zone, a new area of disturbed permeability and porosity forms around the wellbore. This disturbed area is called the skin zone and is characterized by different properties. The skin zone can also form during the completion processes of hydrocarbon wells.In terms of well test processing for any hydrocarbon well, the term "skin effect" should be understood as the effect of changes in the lower wellbore zone (i.e., changes in rock properties, changes in formation fluid, formation structure, geologic section, etc.) on bottom wellbore pressure. This indicates a change in the permeability of the bottom zone of the borehole during drilling and development.In this paper, a new computational method is proposed in which the investigation of hydrocarbon well condition can be performed in two ways. The first way represents replacing the true radius of the wellbore (rw) with an effective radius (rwe). Under this condition, the skin factor term reflects only the effect of changes in the bottom wellbore zone. The second way is that the skin factor indicates not only the amount of change in the bottom wellbore zone, but also the effect of hydrodynamic imperfection of the hydrocarbon well performance during production, while maintaining the value of the well radius. After evaluating these parameters, it is possible to conclude the effectiveness of the implemented measures in the bottom wellbore zone of the formation. At the same time, the value of the skin factor after the performed works regarding the impact on the bottom zone can determine the positive or negative impact on the operation of the hydrocarbon well.
Distributed optical fiber pressure sensors
Authors: Schenato Luca , Galtarossa Andrea , Pasuto Alessandro , Palmieri Luca
Published: June 2021

The measurement of pressure by using distributed optical fiber sensors has represented a challenge for many years. While single-point optical fiber pressure sensors have reached a solid level of technology maturity, showing to be very good candidates in replacing conventional electrical sensors due to their numerous advantages, distributed sensors are still a matter of an intense research activity aimed at determining the most proper and robust pressure-sensitivity enhancement mechanism. This paper reviews early and recent works on distributed pressure sensors, classifying the sensors according to the sensing mechanism. For each type of mechanism, the issues and potentials are analyzed and discussed.The measurement of pressure by using distributed optical fiber sensors has represented a challenge for many years. While single-point optical fiber pressure sensors have reached a solid level of technology maturity, showing to be very good candidates in replacing conventional electrical sensors due to their numerous advantages, distributed sensors are still a matter of an intense research activity aimed at determining the most proper and robust pressure-sensitivity enhancement mechanism. This paper reviews early and recent works on distributed pressure sensors, classifying the sensors according to the sensing mechanism. For each type of mechanism, the issues and potentials are analyzed and discussed.
A miniature high-vacuum valve
Authors: Lott Tyler S. , Sciaini German , Petruk Ariel A.
Published: June 2021

We present a robust design for a small on/off high-vacuum valve which can be easily manufactured and scaled for use in a variety of compact high-vacuum instruments. These instruments require a valve which can become part of their main embodiment when tubing connections would otherwise be inconvenient, such as in the application of a dewar for a cryo-electron microscopy holder. The valve establishes a vacuum seal by utilizing rubber o-rings and provides a minimal pressure rating of 10⁻⁷ Torr.
A Laboratory Procedure to Facilitate Color Conscious Racial Socialization Methods Among White Parents in the U.S.
Authors: Perry Sylvia , Abaied Jamie L , Skinner-Dorkenoo Allison , Waters Sara
Published: June 2021

For years, White U.S. parents have strived to raise colorblind children, yet mounting evidence indicates that color conscious racial socialization is needed to cultivate an anti-racist orientation. The current work evaluates a new semi-structured laboratory procedure to facilitate color conscious racial socialization in 87 White parent-child (8-12-year-olds) dyads. Contrasting with prior research, qualitative findings revealed that most parents used racial labels and color conscious racial socialization methods. However, a subset of parents pushed back against the color conscious guidance, encouraging racial ignorance or external attributions for racist behaviors. This work highlights promising evidence of a means for facilitating color conscious socialization in White families, and additional intervention targets for future efforts to foster anti- racism in White families.
Fear From Afar, Not So Risky After All: Distancing Moderates the Relationship Between Fear and Risk Taking
Authors: Mayiwar Lewend , Björklund Fredrik
Published: June 2021

A growing line of research has shown that individuals can regulate emotional biases in risky judgment and decision-making processes through cognitive reappraisal. In the present study, we focus on a specific tactic of reappraisal known as distancing. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion and the emotion regulation literature, we examine how distancing moderates the relationship between fear and risk taking and anger and risk taking. In three pre-registered studies (Ntotal = 1,483), participants completed various risky judgment and decision-making tasks. Replicating previous results, Study 1 revealed a negative relationship between fear and risk taking and a positive relationship between anger and risk taking at low levels of distancing. Study 2 replicated the interaction between fear and distancing but found no interaction between anger and distancing. Interestingly, at high levels of distancing, we observed a reversal of the relationship between fear and risk taking in both Study 1 and 2. Study 3 manipulated emotion and distancing by asking participants to reflect on current fear-related and anger-related stressors from an immersed or distanced perspective. Study 3 found no main effect of emotion nor any evidence of a moderating role of distancing. However, exploratory analysis revealed a main effect of distancing on optimistic risk estimation, which was mediated by a reduction in self-reported fear. Overall, the findings suggest that distancing can help regulate the influence of incidental fear on risk taking and risk estimation. We discuss implications and suggestions for future research.
Eyes can tell. Attention to the eyes and the mouth during audiovisual vowel processing in monolingual and bilingual infants
Authors: Pejovic Jovana , Yee Eiling , Molnar Monika
Published: June 2021

After 6 months of age monolingual infants look more to the mouth of a speaker when there is a mismatch (as opposed to match) between heard and (visually) articulated native consonants. Here, we examined whether monolingual and bilingual infants increase their attention to speakers’ mouth when processing vowels. We compared 4.5- and 8-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants’ attention to the eyes and the mouth while presented with native vowels in audiovisual match and mismatch conditions. We observed that 4.5-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants detect the AV mismatch by increasing their attention to the eyes, not to the mouth – as has been previously observed for consonants. However, by 8 months of age monolingual and bilingual infants’ attention to the eyes and the mouth is not affected by audiovisual disruption. Our findings suggest that audiovisual vowel and consonant processing differ during the first year of life, and that the specific type of linguistic experience does not modulate selective attention to the mouth or the eyes during vowel processing.
The InterModel Vigorish (IMV) as a flexible and portable approach for quantifying predictive accuracy with binary outcomes
Authors: Domingue Benjamin , Rahal Charles , Faul Jessica , Freese Jeremy , Kanopka Klint , Rigos Alexandros , Stenhaug Ben , Tripathi Ajay
Published: June 2021

Understanding the ``fit'' of models designed to predict binary outcomes has been a long-standing problem. We propose a flexible, portable, and intuitive metric for quantifying the change in accuracy between two predictive systems in the case of a binary outcome: the InterModel Vigorish (IMV). The IMV is based on an analogy to weighted coins, well-characterized physical systems with tractable probabilities. The IMV is always a statement about the change in fit relative to some baseline model---which can be as simple as the prevalence---whereas other metrics are stand-alone measures that need to be further manipulated to yield indices related to differences in fit across models. Moreover, the IMV is consistently interpretable independent of baseline prevalence. We contrast this metric with alternatives in numerous simulations. The IMV is more sensitive to estimation error than many alternatives and also shows distinctive sensitivity to prevalence. We then showcase its flexibility across examples spanning the social, biomedical, and physical sciences. We also demonstrate how it can be used to provide straightforward interpretation of logistic regression coefficients. The IMV allows for precise answers to questions about changes in model fit in a variety of settings in a manner that will be useful for furthering research with binary outcomes.
Conservative surgical management of ectopic pregnancy and its role in preservation of future fertility
Authors: Dutta Indranil , Dutta Dilip Kumar , Dutta Rumpa Banerjee
Published: June 2021

Background: Maternal Mortality is one of the most important issues in our country. Ectopic Gestation is one of the few reasons which contribute to it. The first successful surgical management of a tubal ruptured ectopic pregnancy occurred in 1883. In those times mortality was approximately 60%. Since then lot of development in management of ectopic pregnancy has taken place which has resulted in reduction of related mortality. But still it remains as one of the important topics as now due to more infections (i.e PID) and resulting ectopic gestations and further operative salphingectomies, there is a reduced chance of patient to conceive naturally afterwards. Hence role of conservative surgeries comes to the front.
Aims and Objectives: Role of Conservative Surgical Management of Ectopic pregnancy and its relation to future fertility.
Materials and Methods: This Study was undertaken at GICE Clinic, Cure Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal India from January, 2008 to January 2019. During this period 64 patients were diagnosed and operated for Ectopic pregnancy.
Results: Forty (62.5%) cases were in between 20-30 years of age. Forty-four (68.7%) cases had no issue. Forty-eight (75.0%) cases were from low socio-economic group. Sixty patients (93.7%) had the history of amenorrhea. It was also observed that history of induced abortion was in 20 (31.2%) cases, PID in 12 (18.7%) cases, appendectomy – 6 (9.4%) cases and history of previous IUCD insertion - 4 (6.3%) were found to be common amongst ectopic gestation cases. Twenty-four (37.5%) cases underwent linear salpingostomy, 8 (12.5%) cases had segmental resection with end to end anastomosis whereas 16 (25.0%) cases had salpingectomy and 16 (25.0%) cases had salpingo-opherectomy with tubectomy [opposite tube] were advocated. In 4(6.3%) cases of linear salpingostomy and 4 (6.3%) cases of segmental resection, the cases had to be re-operated again for unstable haemodynamic condition within 24 hours and were subsequently advocated to salpingectomy.
Conclusion: Linear Salpingostomy was found to be a better option for women who desire to become future mother, than that of segmental resection and salpingectomy on affected tube (although pregnancy was reported as opposite tube)
Conservative management of periapical cysts – A case series
Authors: Shanmugam Devakumari , Thanasekar Vijhayapriya , Biradar Nandini , Natarajan Bhavanirekha , Dominic Neil
Published: June 2021

Non vital teeth with periapical cysts do not respond to routine root canal therapy alone. Conventional RCT (root canal therapy) should be combined with conservative management of cysts or surgical management. Contemporary options for non-surgical management are repeated intra canal dressing with Ca (OH)2, aspiration and decompression techniques. Repeated intra canal dressing with Ca(OH)2 and Iodoform (Metapex) was advocated in 15 of our patients for a period of eight years from 2011-2019. The healing of the lesions was excellent with respect to bone formation, reestablishment of periodontal ligament and reduction in tooth mobility on follow up of six months to one and a half years. This case series gives insight of successful non-surgical management of periapical cysts. We reiterate the effectiveness of non-surgical management of periapical cysts as it was well observed in our case series. The promising prognosis of non-surgical management of periapical cysts can render the surgical options antediluvian.
Outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in rural hospitals – A systematic review
Authors: Farook Abdul Razack , Kannan Iyanar , Paul Sony
Published: June 2021

There are many studies on the laparoscopic cholecystectomy in rural hospitals. It is important to understand whether the advantages of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy are there in the rural hospital set up. The present systematic review of literature aims to find the various outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in rural hospitals. The study was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. The MEDLINE and EMBASE database were used the retrieve the articles. A detailed descriptive analysis was on the various outcomes of open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The present systematic review has identified that the laparoscopic cholecystectomy in rural hospitals is most preferred as that of urban setting. It not only provides less hospital stay, but also provides economical option for rural patients. However, there are some limitations in many rural settings like lack of instrumental facility and trained surgeon. The outcomes of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy in some rural hospitals are comparatively same as that of urban settings.
Cost of illness of epilepsy per patient per year in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi: A Prospective Observational study
Authors: Bhat Eijaz Ahmed , Dar Maqsood Ahmad , Sidiqui Peer Abdul Lateef , Jabeen Farukh
Published: June 2021

Background: Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures that imposes heavy burden on individuals, families, and also on healthcare systems. As the better understanding of economic aspects of epilepsy will lead to better development of epilepsy care this study was conducted to estimate the cost of illness in epilepsy per patient per year in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of study was to study the direct, indirect and total cost of illness in epilepsy per patient per year in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: Patients with epilepsy attending the Department of Neurology at Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre in New Delhi were included in this study. All epilepsy patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The cost of illness was estimated as total, direct and indirect costs of illness per year for each patient. The information was collected on a properly formed format which consists of the demographic details of the patient, general biodata of patient, information about the direct medical costs and direct non-medical costs and information about indirect costs. The results are presented in Mean ± SD frequencies and percentages. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the costs of illness among different strata. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the costs of illness between strata. The p-value<0.05 was considered significant. All the analysis was carried out on SPSS 16.0 version (Chicago, Inc., USA).
Results: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. The median age of patients was 28.50 years and the mean age was 33.36 years. The total indirect and direct cost of illness was Rs. 5265.30±6363.42 and Rs. 25249.38±14480.09 respectively. The total cost of illness was Rs. 26808.42±16108.05. The highest mean cost was for Carbamazepine (Rs. 14500.00), followed by Levetiracetam (Rs.13300.00) and rest by the other commonly used drugs.
Conclusion: We concluded that economic burden of epilepsy on the family and patients can be decreased by decreasing the hospitalization rates of patients, avoiding poly therapy as much as possible and rationalizing the investigations.
Study of depression, anxiety and stress among first year Medical students in Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rana Susheela , Taywade Onjal , Sharma Vanita , Hiwarkar Monali
Published: June 2021

Background: During COVID 19 pandemic many countries implied nationwide lockdown which affected academic and educational activities of medical students. We evaluated the level of depression, anxiety and stress among first MBBS students of Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh.
Aims and Objective: To estimate the level of depression, anxiety and stress among first MBBS students during COVID-19 pandemic and study its relationship with gender.
Materials and Methods: A standard questionnaire DASS 21 (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale) was administered to 110 first MBBS of Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh. The responses were collected via Google form and scores evaluated.
Results: The overall score for depression was 10.44±5.1, 10.94±5 for anxiety and 12.29±5.3 for stress. About 58 % participants had depression, 74% had anxiety & 32 % had stress in various grades of severity. Depression, anxiety & stress was more among females as compared to males (p<0.05). There was strong correlation among the scores of Depression, Anxiety & Stress among the participants (r >0.8).
Conclusion: During this COVID-19 pandemic higher scores of depression, anxiety & stress were recorded among the first year MBBS students; females having more scores than male students. This study highlights the importance of and need for routine screening of depression, anxiety and stress among medical students.
Assessment of invasion of Ageratina adenophora in the plantation forest of Nepal
Authors: Malla R. , Aryal R. R. , Ranabhat S.
Published: June 2021

Large-scale plantations of pine species were done in the bare hills of the Middle Mountain region of Nepal during the early 1980s. There is a growing concern on the sustainability of the planted pine forests in the country due to the presence of invasive alien plant species (IAPS). Invasive alien plant species are considered as one of the drivers of forest degradation and deforestation. Ageratina adenophora is one of the problematic IAPS found in the planted pine forests throughout the country. In this study, we employed different treatments to control the invasion of A. adenophora in the planted pine (Pinus patula) forest. The research design included four different treatments, viz., (i) control, (ii) stem felling, (iii) floor clearance, and (iv) stem felling cum floor clearance in one block (Block I), which was replicated in another block (Block II). The data were collected using circular sample plots with 2m radius. The ANOVA and TukeyHSD Tests were applied during the analysis process so as to determine the effects of treatments on invasion of   A. adenophora. The "floor clearance treatment" was found to be significantly effective to reduce the presence of A. adenophora in the planted pine forest. On the contrary, the "opening of forest cover treatment" was found to be conducive to this invasive species to invade the area. The "stem felling cum floor clearance treatment" could be an effective strategy to control invasion of A. adenophora in planted forest, but as it demands a high cost, it is likely to be appropriate for small forest areas where promotion of regeneration is of high priority.
Microvascular Decompression using muscle graft for interposition: A retrospective study
Authors: Karki Prasanna , Joshi Sumit , Paudel Prakash , Shah Damber Bikram , Sharma Gopal Raman
Published: June 2021

Objective: This studies aims to evaluate the outcome of Microvascular Decompression (MVD) using a muscle graft for interposition in Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN), Hemifacial Spasm (HFS) and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia (GPN).  All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon (G.R.S).

            Methods: In total, 26 patients with TN, HFS and GPN underwent MVD from September 2007 to April 2019. All the patients were either medically refractory or poor symptom tolerance.  The mean follow-up period was 72 months.  

Results: Each MVD was performed using an autologous muscle graft with interposition of vessels. One patient (3.84%) had reoccurrence after MVD with muscle graft and two patients (7.69%) had partial relief.

            Conclusion: Various types of prosthesis are used for transposition and interposition of vessels in MVD surgeries. Although in our case series we didn't use any prosthesis for the comparative outcome, the use of muscle graft showed minimal reoccurrence rate with benefit of being cost effective. Therefore, we need randomized controlled trials to prove the superiority of muscle graft from other prosthesis material.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage
Authors: Jha Rajiv
Published: June 2021

Introduction:There are ways to operate for herniated cervical disc starting from simple discectomy to artificial disc replacement.

Materials and Methods:This is a prospective study of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) age device conducted from January 2016 till September 2019. Age, sex ratio, the level of disc prolapses, symptoms, complications of surgery and the outcome was assessed.Neurological assessment was done pre-and postoperative as defined by Odom’s criteria and Ranawat et al grading system. Check x ray was done at 3 and 6 months.

Results: The total number of cases was 82, predominantly males (62%). Disc prolapse due to degenerative disease was the most common case (68%). C5-6 was the most often disc prolapse level (40%), followed by C6-7 level (38%) with multiple level disc prolapse in 12%. Applying Ranawat grading system of neurological deficit; at presentation, majority were in Grade II (54%), followed by Grade IIIA (19%). Postoperatively there was a reduction in weakness from 54% to 16% in Grade II and from 19% to 8% for Grade IIIA. Majority had excellent and good outcome based on Odom’s criteria. The continuity of the graft and the adjacent spinal curvature was also assessed and there was more than 96% fusion rate.

Conclusion:Use of local autograft with a PEEK cage hasbenefit of working within the same operative window as the ACDF, thus reducing the infection, bleeding, and pain risks that may be encountered with a second incision. It is very safe to use in single level or multilevel cervical disc prolapse and also saves additional time of harvesting graft from donor site.
Calendar of Events (from July 2021 - September 2021)
Authors: Thapa Amit
Published: June 2021

Calendar of Events (from July 2021 - September 2021)
Permasalahan Pertanahan pada Daerah Berkepadatan Penduduk Rendah
Authors: Nur Amrin Reza , Muttaqy Zaen Haidar , Prayoga Dwi Nugraha Muhammad , Putra Prihariyanda , Izza Zaini Rifqian , Rainata Sangkay Yehuda
Published: June 2021

The results of the Population Census 2020 show that there is an uneven distribution of the population in Indonesia. This raises a different typology of land problems between high population and low population density areas. A small population with a large area can cause problems with the amount of land that is not properly managed. This paper aims to examine land problems from one of the conditions in the area, that is an area with a low population density. The research data comes from online and offline sources regarding population and land. Literature study with qualitative descriptive analysis is used in analyzing land problems. Land problems that can occur in areas with low population density, namely: the existence of maximum excess land area and ownership of the number of lands that exceed the provisions, potential problems in implementing transmigration, and low community interest in the land registration program. Alternative solutions that can be offered include increasing public trust in state administrators, namely by improving the quality of pre-land registration socialization, the performance of land registration services, and empowerment for the community after land registration.Keywords: low population density, land problems, maximum excess land
Intisari: Hasil dari Sensus Penduduk 2020 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat persebaran penduduk yang tidak merata di wilayah Indonesia. Hal tersebut menimbulkan tipologi permasalahan pertanahan yang berbeda antara wilayah berkepadatan penduduk tinggi dengan berkepadatan penduduk . Penduduk yang sedikit dengan luas wilayah yang besar dapat menimbulkan permasalahan banyaknya tanah yang tidak terurus dengan baik. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji permasalahan pertanahan pada wilayah dengan kepadatan penduduk rendah. Data penelitian berasal dari sumber online dan offline mengenai kependudukan dan pertanahan. Studi literatur dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dalam menganalisis permasalahan pertanahan. Permasalahan pertanahan yang bisa terjadi pada daerah kepadatan penduduk yang rendah, yaitu: adanya tanah kelebihan luas maksimum dan kepemilikan jumlah bidang tanah yang melebihi ketentuan, masalah pelaksanaan transmigrasi, dan minat masyarakat yang rendah pada program pendaftaran tanah. Alternatif solusi yang dapat ditawarkan antara lain adalah meningkatkan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap penyelenggara negara yakni dengan cara meningkatkan kualitas sosialisasi pra pendaftaran tanah, kinerja pelayanan pendaftaran tanah, pemberdayaan bagi masyarakat pasca pendaftaran tanah.Kata Kunci: kepadatan penduduk rendah, permasalahan pertanahan, tanah kelebihan maksimum
Characteristic Scales, Scaling, and Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Chen Yanguang
Published: June 2021

Les phénomènes géographiques s’inscrivent dans deux catégories : les phénomènes dépendants d’échelle et les phénomènes invariants d’échelle. Les premiers ont des échelles caractéristiques, ce qui n’est pas le cas des seconds. Les méthodes quantitatives et mathématiques classiques ne peuvent être appliquées efficacement aux phénomènes géographiques dépendants d’échelle. L’auteur compare les systèmes géographiques dépendants d’échelle et invariants d’échelle au moyen de simples modèles mathématiques applicables à la géographie. Les perspectives sont essentiellement les suivantes. Premièrement, les phénomènes dépendants d’échelle peuvent être étudiés au moyen de méthodes mathématiques traditionnelles, alors que l’analyse des phénomènes invariants d’échelle devrait reposer sur une théorie fondée sur la mise en échelle comme celle de la géométrie fractale. Deuxièmement, les phénomènes dépendants d’échelle relèvent du géoespace basé sur la distance, tandis que les phénomènes invariants d’échelle relèvent du géoespace basé sur la dimension. Troisièmement, quatre méthodes permettant de distinguer les phénomènes invariants d’échelle des phénomènes dépendants d’échelle sont présentées : transformation d’échelle, distribution de probabilités, fonctions d’autocorrélation et d’autocorrélation partielle, et indice ht ( head/tail — tête/queue). En pratique, un système géographique complexe comporte des aspects dépendants d’échelle et des aspects invariants d’échelle. Il convient d’adapter les méthodologies aux différents types de systèmes géographiques ou aux différents aspects d’un même système géographique.
Dramaturging Encounter in Disability Documentary: Hybrid Dramaturgies in RARE and Wildfire
Authors: Aikman Lisa
Published: June 2021

Qu’est-ce que le théâtre documentaire peut apprendre des études du handicap ? Dans cet article, Lisa Aikman explique comment l’usage que fait le théâtre documentaire des signifiants du réel et des rencontres avec des personnes marginalisées risque de créer un autre récit de la différence innée, ce que les études contemporaines sur le handicap cherchent justement à remettre en question. Aikman fait valoir que le théâtre postdramatique du réel et les dramaturgies hybrides qui brouillent les frontières entre le réel et le fictif sont mieux équipés pour repousser les limites du réel et interroger les notions de différence perçue. Par une analyse comparative de RARE et Wildfire, deux pièces documentaires créées par Judith Thompson et une troupe d’interprètes ayant une trisomie 21, Aikman montre comment la dramaturgie postdramatique qui caractérise Wildfire permet de mettre en scène une négociation plus complexe de l’identité et de la proximité qui reflète le discours actuel sur le handicap en tant qu’identité de groupe fluide.
POLÍTICAS TERRITORIAIS DE SEGURANÇA NO BRASIL E NA FRANÇA: uma comparação entre as Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP) e o Policiamento de Segurança do Cotidiano (PSQ)
Authors: Porcino Wellington Clay
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar, de maneira breve, uma comparação entre a gestão do território no Brasil e na França, a partir dos reflexos nas Políticas Territoriais de Segurança implantadas em ambos os países, a partir do caso empírico das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP) e do Policiamento de Segurança do Cotidiano (PSQ), na França. Para tanto, analisar-se-á os fatores que levaram a formação de áreas carentes denominadas favelas no Brasil, sua relação com a violência urbana, bem como as características comuns entre os problemas das áreas carentes no Brasil e na França e que permitem estabelecer paralelos entre as duas políticas acima citadas, seus problemas e qualidades.
GREVE NO TRABALHO DO POLICIAL MILITAR: legitimidade versus legalidade à luz dos direitos da personalidade
Authors: Andrade Rodrigo dos Santos
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar, de forma concisa, o embate entre a legitimidade e a legalidade da greve no trabalho do policial militar à luz dos direitos da personalidade, considerando princípios constitucionais e pesquisando aspectos positivos e negativos, fatores sociais e psicológicos sobre o tema, com seus possíveis desdobramentos e consequências. Outro fator que será verificado é o doutrinário e jurisprudencial, que irão nortear as reflexões ora empreendidas. Para tanto, será desenvolvida pesquisa teórica, apresentando dados qualitativos a respeito do tema. Ainda, serão utilizados recursos como livros, sites e artigos publicados para a efetivação da pesquisa e o método será o dedutivo.
DA ÉTICA POLICIAL: um pressuposto no uso da força em Portugal
Authors: Torres Bruno Miguel Fena
Published: June 2021

Os Direitos Humanos e a dignidade da pessoa humana são a premissa principal numa atuação policial. A legítima violência empregue pela Polícia, de modo a prover segurança aos demais cidadãos são um símbolo de soberania e a razão da existência de um Estado democrático.

Concomitantemente, a atuação das instituições securitárias poderá levantar uma dúvida Ética, já que a Ética acaba por ser o garante e a legitimação da ação das forças de segurança, poderemos questionar qual o limite em que se poderá sacrificar a Ética na atividade policial, restringindo certos direitos, liberdades e garantias dos cidadãos. Poderá uma intervenção policial violenta proteger a ética do Homem? A própria violência policial não se deve constituir como uma forma de violência destrutiva; deve sim, seguir determinados parâmetros éticos.

Em tal contexto, intenta-se investigar qual a legitimidade do uso da força em ação policial, indissociável da perspectiva normativo-legal e dos demais princípios norteadores da atividade policial, em especial dos referentes ao recurso do uso da força policial.
A BUSCA REVERSA POR DADOS DE LOCALIZAÇÃO NA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DO SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA: análise crítica do RMS 61.302/RJ
Authors: Smanio Gianluca Martins
Published: June 2021

O desenvolvimento das tecnologias da informação permitiu à autoridade policial utilizar-se de dados pessoais para investigar indícios de autoria e materialidade delitiva no decorrer do inquérito policial. Contudo, a busca por tais dados, como é o de caso da informação quanto a localização, envolve restrição a direitos fundamentais do investigado, como a privacidade e o sigilo da comunicação dos dados, que são tutelados pela Constituição da República. Ainda, a regulamentação no direito brasileiro é esparsa e omissa, em especial no tocante à busca reversa por dados de localização, que visa obter o Internet Protocol de alguém que esteve no local do crime, na hora do crime, obrigando o Superior Tribunal de Justiça a debruçar-se e buscar regulamentar o meio de obtenção de prova de acordo com o que a lei dispõe. Cabe apontar que essa aplicação analógica pode trazer questionamentos, que merecem ser analisadas criticamente.