bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RF shimming in the cervical spinal cord at 7 T
Authors: Papp Daniel , Gilbert Kyle M. , Cereza Gaspard , D'Astous Alexandre , Lopez‐Rios Nibardo , Boudreau Mathieu , Couch Marcus J. , Yazdanbakhsh Pedram , Barry Robert L. , Alonso‐Ortiz Eva , Cohen‐Adad Julien
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Advancing the development of 7 T MRI for spinal cord imaging is crucial for the enhanced diagnosis and monitoring of various neurodegenerative diseases and traumas. However, a significant challenge at this field strength is the transmit field inhomogeneity. Such inhomogeneity is particularly problematic for imaging the small, deep anatomical structures of the cervical spinal cord, as it can cause uneven signal intensity and elevate the local specific absorption ratio, compromising image quality. This multisite study explores several RF shimming techniques in the cervical spinal cord.

Methods

Data were collected from 5 participants between two 7 T sites with a custom 8Tx/20Rx parallel transmission coil. We explored two radiofrequency (RF) shimming approaches from an MRI vendor and four from an open‐source toolbox, showcasing their ability to enhance transmit field and signal homogeneity along the cervical spinal cord.

Results

The circularly polarized (CP), coefficient of variation (CoV), and specific absorption rate (SAR) efficiency shim modes showed the highest B1+ efficiency, and the vendor‐based “patient” and “volume” modes showed the lowest B1+ efficiency. The coefficient of variation method produced the highest CSF/spinal cord contrast on T2*‐weighted scans (ratio of 1.27 ± 0.03), and the lowest variation of that contrast along the superior–inferior axis.

Conclusion

The study's findings highlight the potential of RF shimming to advance 7 T MRI's clinical utility for central nervous system imaging by enabling more homogenous and efficient spinal cord imaging. Additionally, the research incorporates a reproducible Jupyter Notebook, enhancing the study's transparency and facilitating peer verification.
An Intelligent Reinforcement Learning–Based Method for Threat Detection in Mobile Edge Networks
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Yousaf , He Jingsha , Zhu Nafei , Farhan Muhammad , Dev Soumyabrata , Gadekallu Thippa Reddy , Almadhor Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Traditional techniques for detecting threats in mobile edge networks are limited in their ability to adapt to evolving threats. We propose an intelligent reinforcement learning (RL)–based method for real‐time threat detection in mobile edge networks. Our approach enables an agent to continuously learn and adapt its threat detection capabilities based on feedback from the environment. Through experiments, we demonstrate that our technique outperforms traditional methods in detecting threats in dynamic edge network environments. The intelligent and adaptive nature of our RL‐based approach makes it well suited for securing mission‐critical edge applications with stringent latency and reliability requirements. We provide an analysis of threat models in multiaccess edge computing and highlight the role of on‐device learning in enabling distributed threat intelligence across heterogeneous edge nodes. Our technique has the potential, significantly enhancing threat visibility and resiliency in next‐generation mobile edge networks. Future work includes optimizing sample efficiency of our approach and integrating explainable threat detection models for trustworthy human–AI collaboration.
Temperature‐Induced Transformation of the Atomic Configuration of the BO2* Defect in Boron‐Doped Czochralski Si
Authors: Khirunenko Lyudmyla , Sosnin Mykhailo , Duvanskii Andrii , Abrosimov Nikolay
Published: August 2024

In this study, the new data concerning the electronic and vibrational properties of the BsO2i* defect in Czochralski‐grown boron‐doped silicon are reported. In silicon subjected to treatment at elevated temperatures, a new boron‐related defect is detected. An additional intracenter electronic transition for boron associated with the revealed defect is observed. The defect is identified as BsO2i due to the linear dependence of its formation efficiency on the boron content and the quadratic dependence on the oxygen concentration. The revealed complex is formed synchronously with the annealing of the previously identified BsO2i* defect. The detected complex is formed as a result of temperature transformation of the atomic configuration of the BsO2i* defect. The transformation occurs with activation energy of 2.59 eV. The local vibrational modes associated with both configurations of the BsO2i* complex are identified. The results of the study suggest that the BsO2i* defect in both configurations exists in a  wide temperature interval, impacts the optical and electronic properties of the material, and must be taken into consideration when developing Si:B‐based devices.
Cover Image
Authors: Mehboodi Dariush , Shahedi Abbas , Namavar Mohammad Reza , Yadegari Maryam , Vakili Mahmood
Published: August 2024

The cover image is based on the article Effect of berberine on the hippocampal structure, biochemical factors, memory, and blood‐brain barrier in rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia by Dariush Mehboodi et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8234.

image
Intermolecular Assembly of Dual Hydrogen Bonding Regio‐Isomers Generates High‐Performance AIE Probes
Authors: Xu Ziwei , Zhang Bingling , Chen Shusen , Zou Xudong , Lin Yanhong , Gong Chenxing , Yin Xiong , James Tony D. , Zhou Xiaole , Wang Leyu
Published: August 2024

Regio‐isomers are utilized to design innovative AIE luminogens (AIEgens) by regulating molecular aggregation behavior. However, relevant examples are limited, and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Herein, a regio‐isomer strategy is used to develop AIEgens by precisely regulating the intermolecular interactions in the solid state. Among the regio‐isomers it is investigated, ortho‐ isomer (DCM‐O3‐O7) exhibits enhanced AIE‐activity than the para‐ isomer (DCM‐P6), and the size of the ortho‐ substituents is crucial for the AIE performance. The underlying mechanism of the strategy is revealed using DFT calculations and single‐crystal analysis. Dual hydrogen bonds (C─H∙∙∙π and C─H∙∙∙N) are generated between the molecules, which contributes to form dimers, tetramers, and 1D supramolecular structures in the crystal. By restricting intramolecular motion and attenuating π–π interactions, solid‐state fluorescence is significantly enhanced. This strategy's effectiveness is validated using other donor–acceptor fluorophores, with DCM‐O6 and its analogues serving as efficient probes for bioimaging applications. Notably, DCM‐OM, which bears a morpholinyl instead of piperidinyl group, displayed strong lysosome‐targeting ability and photostability; DCM‐OP, incorporated by the hydrophilic quaternary ammonium group, exhibited wash‐free imaging and cell membrane‐targeting capabilities; and DCM‐O6 nanoparticles enabled high‐fidelity in vivo tumor imaging. Therefore, this strategy affords a general method for designing bright AIEgens.
Design of Localized High Concentration Electrolytes for Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ober Seamus , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: August 2024

Localized high‐concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have emerged as a promising class of electrolytes to improve the cycle life and energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). While their application in batteries with lithium‐metal anodes is extensively investigated, their behavior in systems with graphite anodes has received less research attention. Herein, the behaviors of four electrolytes in Graphite | LiNiO2 cells are compared. By systematically varying the electrolyte compositions, the impacts of the solvation structure, solvent composition, and salt composition of LHCEs are identified on the rate capability, stability, and propensity for lithium plating in LIB full‐cells. It is found that while the solvation structure and solvent composition each play an important role in determining rate capability, the substitution of LiPF6 salt with LiFSI maximizes the rate capability and suppresses irreversible lithium plating. It is now demonstrated via constant‐potential cycling, that an appropriately formulated LHCE can, therefore, maintain high reversible capacity and safety under arbitrarily fast charging conditions.
Enhanced recovery after surgery and intestinal obstruction: A scoping review
Authors: Buhl Marie Sin Ae , Jaensch Claudia , Madsen Anders Husted
Published: August 2024

Background

Acute intestinal obstruction is a blockage of the intestine which causes a range of clinical symptoms such as acute and severe abdominal pain, nausea, and obstipation. Intestinal obstruction is a medical emergency and can be life‐threatening when left untreated. In cases where treatment involves emergency abdominal surgery, a multimodal perioperative care pathway (enhanced recovery after surgery ERAS) has shown to accelerate patient recovery after surgery, reduce hospital length of stay, and improve overall outcomes.

The objective of this scoping review was to identify and synthesize the existing evidence regarding the implementation of ERAS components with a focus on postoperative components in patients undergoing surgery for acute intestinal obstruction.

Methods

This scoping review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis extension for scoping reviews framework. PubMed‐Medline and Embase database were searched.

Results

The search identified 1860 studies of which 16 were included in the final analysis. All the studies were quantitative. Eleven studies used 10 or more ERAS interventions (range 10–28). The most common interventions were multimodal systemic analgesia, and the least common were the management of blood glucose and screening tools.

Conclusion

This scoping review found that 56% (n = 9/16) of the identified studies used 10 or more ERAS interventions out of a possible 35. This review highlighted the need for studies on the ERAS emergency laparotomy guidelines.
Novel CDKL5 targets identified in human iPSC-derived neurons
Authors: Massey Sean , Ang Ching-Seng , Davidson Nadia M. , Quigley Anita , Rollo Ben , Harris Alexander R. , Kapsa Robert M. I. , Christodoulou John , Van Bergen Nicole J.
Published: August 2024

CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD) is a debilitating epileptic encephalopathy disorder affecting young children with no effective treatments. CDD is caused by pathogenic variants in Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 5 (CDKL5), a protein kinase that regulates key phosphorylation events in neurons. For therapeutic intervention, it is essential to understand molecular pathways and phosphorylation targets of CDKL5. Using an unbiased phosphoproteomic approach we identified novel targets of CDKL5, including GTF2I, PPP1R35, GATAD2A and ZNF219 in human iPSC-derived neuronal cells. The phosphoserine residue in the target proteins lies in the CDKL5 consensus motif. We validated direct phosphorylation of GTF2I and PPP1R35 by CDKL5 using complementary approaches. GTF2I controls axon guidance, cell cycle and neurodevelopment by regulating expression of neuronal genes. PPP1R35 is critical for centriole elongation and cilia morphology, processes that are impaired in CDD. PPP1R35 interacts with CEP131, a known CDKL5 phospho-target. GATAD2A and ZNF219 belong to the Nucleosome Remodelling Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which regulates neuronal activity-dependent genes and synaptic connectivity. In-depth knowledge of molecular pathways regulated by CDKL5 will allow a better understanding of druggable disease pathways to fast-track therapeutic development.
Sammeln oder Simulieren? Eine vergleichende Evaluation zwischen Einsatzbegleitung und Einsatzsimulationen unter Teilnehmenden an NaSim25-Kursen
Authors: Schröder H. , Beierle S. , Felzen M. , Beckers S. K. , Müller A. , Walter U. , Follmann A.
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund

Der Erwerb der Zusatzbezeichnung Notfallmedizin mit einem Einsatzpraktikum von 50 begleiteten Einsätzen ist bei den meisten Landesärztekammern Mindestvoraussetzung für die Notarztqualifizierung. Auch strukturierte Simulationen in NaSim25-Kursformaten werden als Ersatz für 25 dieser Einsätze anerkannt.

Methoden

Die Arbeit vergleicht die in Praktika begleiteten mit in Kursen simulierten Notarzteinsätzen sowie die (Selbst‑)Einschätzung und den Wissenszuwachs der Teilnehmenden vor und nach Kursteilnahme. Mittels Prä-post-Befragung an insgesamt 5 Kursstandorten wurden Vergleichskriterien der gesammelten und simulierten Einsätze, die Selbsteinschätzung (Likert-Skala 1–6) sowie exemplarisch das Fachwissen (Punktescore) der Teilnehmenden erfasst. Primäre Zielparameter waren Schweregrad des Notfalls (NACA-Score), investierter Zeitaufwand (Minuten) sowie beobachtete oder durchgeführte notfallmedizinische Fertigkeit (Art & Anzahl).

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt konnten 141 zugeordnete Prä- und Postfragebögen in die Studie einbezogen werden. Vor der Kursteilnahme wurden im Mittel bereits 23 Einsätze mit einem Zeitaufwand von 3,2 h (SD ± 2,4) pro Einsatz an einem Notarztstandort begleitet. 15,6 % der gesammelten Einsätze wurden mit einem NACA-Score ≥4 bewertet, und (invasive) Maßnahmen wurden häufiger beobachtet als selbst durchgeführt. In der (Selbst‑)Einschätzung zeigte sich eine signifikante Zunahme: Teilnehmende fühlten sich besser auf die Notarzttätigkeit vorbereitet und schätzen Simulation als Ersatz für das Einsatzpraktikum höher ein.

Schlussfolgerung

Simulierte Notarzteinsätze sind zeiteffizienter als im Einsatzpraktikum begleitete Einsätze. Die Selbsteinschätzung der zukünftigen Notärzt*innen konnte positiv bestärkt und das Wissen gesteigert werden. Simulation sollte das Einsatzpraktikum nicht vollständig ersetzen.
Conjunct applicability of MCDM-based machine learning algorithms in mapping the sediment formation potential
Authors: Nasiri Khiavi Ali , Tavoosi Mohammad , Kamari Yekdangi Faezeh , Sadikhani Mahmoodreza , Kuriqi Alban
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the applicability of multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, including SAW, VIKOR, TOPSIS, and Condorcet algorithm based on game theory and machine learning algorithms (MLAs) including K-nearest neighbor, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest (RF), simple linear regression and support vector machine in spatial mapping of sediment formation potential in Talar watershed, Iran. In the first approach, MCDM was used, including SAW, VIKOR, TOPSIS, and Condorcet’s algorithm based on game theory. To this end, a decision matrix for MCDM was first created based on the factors affecting sediment formation potential. In the next step, various MLAs were used to construct a distribution map of sediment formation potential. Finally, a distribution map of sediment formation potential was constructed in very low to very high classes. The summary of the results of prioritizing sub-basins based on sediment formation potential using multi-criteria decision-making methods showed that sub-basin SW12 had the highest sediment formation potential based on VIKOR, TOPSIS, and Condorcet methods. The results of sediment formation potential modeling using different machine learning algorithms showed that based on the values of error statistics, the algorithm RF with the values MAE = 0.032, MSE = 0.024, RMSE = 0.155, and AUC = 0.930 was selected as the most optimal algorithm. On the other side, the correlation matrix and Taylor diagram (Figs. 10 and 11) also showed that RF algorithm modeling with the slope factor had the highest correlation with a value of 0.84. Also, the LS factor with a correlation coefficient of 0.65 after slope had the highest correlation with the RF model in sediment formation modeling. The sediment formation potential map based on the RF algorithm shows that the amount of sediment increases from the downstream to the upstream side of the Talar watershed.
A study of “left against medical advice” emergency department patients: an optimized explainable artificial intelligence framework
Authors: Ahmed Abdulaziz , Aram Khalid Y. , Tutun Salih , Delen Dursun
Published: August 2024

The issue of left against medical advice (LAMA) patients is common in today’s emergency departments (EDs). This issue represents a medico-legal risk and may result in potential readmission, mortality, or revenue loss. Thus, understanding the factors that cause patients to “leave against medical advice” is vital to mitigate and potentially eliminate these adverse outcomes. This paper proposes a framework for studying the factors that affect LAMA in EDs. The framework integrates machine learning, metaheuristic optimization, and model interpretation techniques. Metaheuristic optimization is used for hyperparameter optimization-one of the main challenges of machine learning model development. Adaptive tabu simulated annealing (ATSA) metaheuristic algorithm is utilized for optimizing the parameters of extreme gradient boosting (XGB). The optimized XGB models are used to predict the LAMA outcomes for patients under treatment in ED. The designed algorithms are trained and tested using four data groups which are created using feature selection. The model with the best predictive performance is then interpreted using the SHaply Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. The results show that best model has an area under the curve (AUC) and sensitivity of 76% and 82%, respectively. The best model was explained using SHAP method.
Increasing survivors of anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy with breast cancer in trastuzumab era: thirty-one-year trends in a Japanese Community
Authors: Watanabe Mitsuhiro , Fujiki Shinya , Okura Yuji , Toshikawa Chie , Ikarashi Mayuko , Kanbayashi Chizuko , Kaneko Koji , Kikuchi Akira , Sakata Eiko , Tsuchida Keiichi , Ozaki Kazuyuki , Moro Kazuki , Kubota Naoki , Kashimura Takeshi , Moriyama Masato , Sato Nobuaki , Tanabe Naohito , Koyama Yu , Wakai Toshifumi , Saijo Yasuo , Inomata Takayuki
Published: August 2024

Background

Trastuzumab has improved breast cancer (BC) prognosis and reduced anthracycline use. However, the characteristic changes of anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy (ARCM) in patients with BC remain unclear. We aimed to update our understanding of ARCM in the trastuzumab era.

METHODS

This retrospective observational cohort study included 2959 patients with BC treated with anthracyclines at three regional cancer centers in Niigata City between 1990 and 2020. Seventy-five patients (2.5%) developed ARCM and were categorized into two groups: pre- 2007 (early phase) and post-2007 (late phase), corresponding to before and during the trastuzumab era in Japan.

Results

ARCM incidence peaked at 6% in the 1990s, then decreased and stabilized at 2% until the 2010s. Survivors of anthracycline-treated BC increased more rapidly in the late phase, with four times as many patients with ARCM compared to the end of the early phase (26 and six, respectively). Although the rate of change in accumulation from the early phase to the late phase was slight in the anthracycline-treated BC group, it was more pronounced in the ARCM group (P < 0.001). Mean anthracycline use in the late phase was significantly lower than in the early phase (307 vs. 525 mg/m2, P < 0.001). Five-year survival rates in the late phase tended to be higher than early phase (45% and 28%, respectively. P = 0.058). Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) positivity with trastuzumab therapy in the late phase was an independent predictor for mortality within 10 years (hazard ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.10–0.56; P = 0.001).

Conclusions

HER2-positive patients with ARCM receiving trastuzumab therapy had a better prognosis than HER2-positive and HER2-negative patients with ARCM not receiving trastuzumab therapy, and this trend has been increasing in the trastuzumab era. These findings highlight the importance of HER2-targeted treatments in improving prognosis for BC patients with ARCM.
Projected near-future changes in precipitation extremes over Anambra-Imo River Basin inferred from CMIP6 HighResMIP
Authors: Ibe Colman Chikwem , Dike Victor Nnamdi , Ishaya Samaila Kunden , Magaji J. I. , Ibe Amarachukwu A. , Anoruo Chukwuma Moses
Published: August 2024

The southeastern region of Nigeria is susceptible to flood disasters primarily triggered by extreme precipitation with localized impacts. This study uses the output of High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to investigate seasonal dependent changes in precipitation extremes in the near future (2031–2050) in the Anambra-Imo River Basin, in the southeastern region of Nigeria. Evaluating the models against observation for the 1995–2014 period, it is found that models reproduced the spatial pattern of the observed annual precipitation extremes over the river basin. Results show that in the near future, annual precipitation extremes will be characterized by a robust increase in annual total precipitation amount (PRCPTOT), maximum 5-day precipitation (RX5day), and heavy precipitation (R10mm). The models project a significant increase in PRCPTOT, RX5day, R10mm, and wet-day intensity (SDII) for the June–July–August (JJA) and September–October–November (SON) seasons. The results demonstrate a robust and higher magnitude increase in precipitation extremes during the SON season. Specifically, PRCPTOT, RX5day, R10mm and SDII are projected to increase by up to 46 mm, 24 mm, 1.2 days and 2.4 mm/day, respectively. Whereas during the March–April-May (MAM) season, the HighResMIP suggests that PRCPTOT, R10mm, and SDII will marginally increase over the eastern part of the Anambra-Imo River Basin. Besides, the December–January–February (DJF) season will be characterized by a marginal increase in the precipitation extremes, especially over the southern fringes of the river basin. We note that in the near future, precipitation extremes in the river basin will be characterized by more intense and less frequent precipitation extremes during the JJA and SON, potentially exacerbating flash flooding in the river basin. Hence, the results of this study may be vital for near-term socio-economic planning and policy decisions that will minimize the impact of flood disasters in the Anambra-Imo River Basin.
Impact of the traffic on a population of European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) inhabiting heavily urbanized area at the city of Burgas
Authors: Natchev Nikolay , Telenchev Ivan , Nedyalkov Nikolay , Kolev Nikolay , Tsvetkov Radoslav , Marinova Pavlina , Koynova Teodora
Published: August 2024

We report on the impact of vehicle traffic on a local population of European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) inhabiting the city of Burgas (Bulgaria). We performed a six-year monitoring program to collect data on the presence of turtles on road E 87 in the south region of the city. The road section splits a Natura 2000 site and crosses through an artificial water basin with fresh to brackish water. We visited the road section in irregular intervals from 3 to over 20 days in the period March to October from 2016 to 2021. For the period of the monitoring, we were able to detect a total of over 300 specimens from all ontogenetic stages (33 juveniles, 74 subadults and 224 adults). During our field surveys in 2016, we detected a total of 47 live and 23 dead adults. In the next years, we found more dead adult turtles than live ones. Similar results were recorded for subadults. In the juveniles, the dead specimens were almost equal to those which were detected alive. Our results indicate an impact of the traffic on the local population of E. orbicularis. We discuss the design and position of constructions, which can mitigate the conflict and reduce the potential for Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC).
Measuring Decentering – Development and Validation of the French Version of the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ-F)
Authors: Gamaiunova Liudmila , Shankland Rebecca , Moore Michael , Mayor Eric , Dessart Grégory , Kotsou Ilios , Fresco David
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This article presents the results of a psychometric evaluation and initial validation of the French version of the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ-F), a self-report measure of decentering. Decentering is the ability to maintain a detached stance toward one’s thoughts and emotions and is related to adaptive psychological functioning. Study 1 explored the EQ-F’s factor structure and construct validity in a nonclinical population. Study 2 evaluated the construct validity of the EQ-F in an intervention design. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor model of the original measure. The construct validity of the EQ-F was supported by positive correlations with mindfulness and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and negative associations with cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, stress, anxiety, depression symptoms, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Furthermore, construct validity was demonstrated by pre–post changes in decentering in a mindfulness-based intervention. EQ-F can be used as a valid measure of decentering in French.
Exploring New Zealand’s Remote Fjords
Authors: Evans Kate
Published: August 2024

Doing research in Fiordland—a vast territory of mountains, forests, and fiords in southwest New Zealand—takes ingenuity, collaboration, and a really good raincoat.
Photolytic Degradation of Water‐Soluble Organic Carbon in Snowmelts: Changes in Molecular Characteristics, Brown Carbon Chromophores, and Radiative Effects
Authors: Zhou Yue , West Christopher P. , Calderon‐Arrieta Diego , Misovich Maria V. , Hettiyadura Anusha P. S. , Wen Hui , Shi Tenglong , Cui Jiecan , Pu Wei , Wang Xin , Laskin Alexander
Published: August 2024

Water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC) deposited in ambient snowpack play key roles in regional carbon cycle and surface energy budget, but the impacts of photo‐induced processes on its optical and chemical properties are poorly understood yet. In this study, melted samples of the seasonal snow collected from northern Xinjiang, northwestern China, were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation to investigate the photolytic transformations of WSOC. Molecular characteristics and chemical composition of WSOC and its brown carbon (BrC) constituents were investigated using high‐performance liquid chromatography interfaced with a photodiode array detector and a high‐resolution mass spectrometer. Upon illumination, formation of nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing species with high molecular weight was observed in snow samples influenced by soil‐ and plant‐derived organics. In contrast, the representative sample collected from remote region showed the lowest molecular diversity and photolytic reactivity among all samples, in which no identified BrC chromophores decomposed upon illumination. Approximately 65% of chromophores in urban samples endured UV irradiation. However, most of BrC composed of phenolic/lignin‐derived compounds and flavonoids disappeared in the illuminated samples containing WSOC from soil‐ and plant‐related sources. Effects of the photochemical degradation of WSOC on the potential modulation of snow albedo were estimated. Apparent half‐lives of WSOC estimated as albedo reduction in 300–400 nm indicated 0.1–0.4 atmospheric equivalent days, which are shorter than typical photolysis half‐lives of ambient biomass smoke aerosol. This study provides new insights into the roles of WSOC in snow photochemistry and snow surface energy balance.
Pharmacological stimulation of infralimbic cortex after fear conditioning facilitates subsequent fear extinction
Authors: Bayer Hugo , Hassell James E. , Oleksiak Cecily R. , Garcia Gabriela M. , Vaughan Hollis L. , Juliano Vitor A. L. , Maren Stephen
Published: August 2024

The infralimbic (IL) division of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a crucial site for the extinction of conditioned fear memories in rodents. Recent work suggests that neuronal plasticity in the IL that occurs during (or soon after) fear conditioning enables subsequent IL-dependent extinction learning. We therefore hypothesized that pharmacological activation of the IL after fear conditioning would promote the extinction of conditioned fear. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the effects of post-conditioning infusions of the GABAA receptor antagonist, picrotoxin, into the IL on the extinction of auditory conditioned freezing in male and female rats. In four experiments, we found that picrotoxin injections performed immediately, 24 h, or 13 days after fear conditioning reduced conditioned freezing to the auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) during both extinction training and extinction retrieval; this effect was observed up to two weeks after picrotoxin infusions. Interestingly, inhibiting protein synthesis inhibition in the IL immediately after fear conditioning prevented the inhibition of freezing by picrotoxin injected 24 h later. Our data suggest that the IL encodes an inhibitory memory during the consolidation of fear conditioning that is necessary for future fear suppression.
Deterministic grayscale nanotopography to engineer mobilities in strained MoS2 FETs
Authors: Liu Xia , Erbas Berke , Conde-Rubio Ana , Rivano Norma , Wang Zhenyu , Jiang Jin , Bienz Siiri , Kumar Naresh , Sohier Thibault , Penedo Marcos , Banerjee Mitali , Fantner Georg , Zenobi Renato , Marzari Nicola , Kis Andras , Boero Giovanni , Brugger Juergen
Published: August 2024

Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on two-dimensional materials (2DMs) with atomically thin channels have emerged as a promising platform for beyond-silicon electronics. However, low carrier mobility in 2DM transistors driven by phonon scattering remains a critical challenge. To address this issue, we propose the controlled introduction of localized tensile strain as an effective means to inhibit electron-phonon scattering in 2DM. Strain is achieved by conformally adhering the 2DM via van der Waals forces to a dielectric layer previously nanoengineered with a gray-tone topography. Our results show that monolayer MoS2 FETs under tensile strain achieve an 8-fold increase in on-state current, reaching mobilities of 185 cm²/Vs at room temperature, in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The present work on nanotopographic grayscale surface engineering and the use of high-quality dielectric materials has the potential to find application in the nanofabrication of photonic and nanoelectronic devices.
Decrease due to pollution in the rhizosphere microbial diversity can be amended by supplementation from adapted plants of another species
Authors: Fetsiukh Anastasiia , Pall Taavi , Timmusk Salme
Published: August 2024

Manipulating the rhizosphere microbiome to enhance plant stress tolerance is an environmentally friendly technology and a renewable resource to restore degraded environments. Here we suggest a sustainable bioremediation strategy on the example of Stebnyk mine tailings storage. We consider Salicornia europaea rhizosphere community, and the ability of the phytoremediation plant Salix viminalis to recruit its beneficial microbiome to mediate the pollution stress at the Stebnyk mine tailings storage. The tailings contain large amounts of brine salts and heavy metals that contaminate the ground water and surrounding areas, changing soil biogeochemistry and causing increased erosion. The species richness of the endophytic bacterial community of S. viminalis roots was assessed based on observed OTUs, Shannon-InvSimpson, and evenness index. Our results obtained using the plant-based enrichment strategy show that biodiversity was decreased across the contamination zones and that S. europaea supplementation significantly increased the species richness. Our results also indicate that the number of dominating bacteria was not changed across zones in both S. europaea-treated and untreated bacterial populations, and that the decrease in richness was mainly caused by the low abundant bacterial OTUs. The importance of selecting the bioremediation strains that are likely to harbor a reservoir of genetic traits that aid in bioremediation function from the target environment is discussed
Brain mechanisms underlying the modulation of heart rate variability when accepting and reappraising emotions
Authors: Guendelman Simón , Kaltwasser Laura , Bayer Mareike , Gallese Vittorio , Dziobek Isabel
Published: August 2024

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been linked to resilience and emotion regulation (ER). How HRV and brain processing interact during ER, however, has remained elusive. Sixty-two subjects completed the acquisition of resting HRV and task HRV while performing an ER functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) paradigm, which included the differential strategies of ER reappraisal and acceptance in the context of viewing aversive pictures. We found high correlations of resting and task HRV across all emotion regulation strategies. Furthermore, individuals with high levels of resting, but not task, HRV showed numerically lower distress during ER with acceptance. Whole-brain fMRI parametrical modulation analyses revealed that higher task HRV covaried with dorso-medial prefrontal activation for reappraisal, and dorso-medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate and temporo-parietal junction activation for acceptance. Subjects with high resting HRV, compared to subjects with low resting HRV, showed higher activation in the pre-supplementary motor area during ER using a region of interest approach. This study demonstrates that while resting and task HRV exhibit a positive correlation, resting HRV seems to be a better predictor of ER capacity. Resting and task HRV were associated with ER brain activation in mid-line frontal cortex (i.e. DMPFC).
On the temperature dependence of the density of states of liquids at low energies
Authors: Jin Sha , Fan Xue , Stamper Caleb , Mole Richard A. , Yu Yuanxi , Hong Liang , Yu Dehong , Baggioli Matteo
Published: August 2024

We report neutron-scattering measurements of the density of states (DOS) of water and liquid Fomblin in a wide range of temperatures. In the liquid phase, we confirm the presence of a universal low-energy linear scaling of the experimental DOS as a function of the frequency, $$g(\omega )= a(T) \omega $$

g
(
ω
)
=
a
(
T
)
ω

, which persists at all temperatures. The low-frequency scaling of the DOS exhibits a sharp jump at the melting point of water, below which the standard Debye’s law, $$g(\omega ) \propto \omega ^2$$

g

(
ω
)

∝

ω
2

, is recovered. On the contrary, in Fomblin, we observe a continuous transition between the two exponents reflecting its glassy dynamics, which is confirmed by structure measurements. More importantly, in both systems, we find that the slope a(T) grows with temperature following an exponential Arrhenius-like form, $$a(T) \propto \exp (-\langle E \rangle /T)$$

a
(
T
)
∝
exp
(
-
⟨
E
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. We confirm this experimental trend using molecular dynamics simulations and show that the prediction of instantaneous normal mode (INM) theory for a(T) is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data.
Cognitive functioning and sustained internet use amid the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal evidence from older adults in Switzerland
Authors: Wieczorek Maud , Reinecke Robert , Borrat-Besson Carmen , Meier Clément , Haas Maximilian , Ihle Andreas , Kliegel Matthias , Maurer Jürgen
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-pandemic objective and subjective cognitive functioning and sustained Internet use during the pandemic among older adults in Switzerland. Data from 1299 respondents of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 2019/2020 and a supplementary technology use questionnaire during the pandemic in 2021 were used. Cognitive functioning was assessed in 2019/2020 through objective measures (delayed and immediate memory, verbal fluency) and self-rated memory. Sustained Internet use was defined as having used the Internet at least once in the past seven days in 2019/2020 and reporting daily or weekly use in 2021. We found that 73.1% of respondents consistently used Internet between 2019/2020 and 2021. Using multivariable probit regression models controlling for sociodemographic and health variables, we found that higher global cognition z-scores, especially in immediate and delayed memory, were associated with a higher likelihood of sustained Internet use. Additionally, respondents with good, very good, or excellent self-rated memory were more likely to sustain their Internet use. These findings highlight the potential critical role of cognitive health in shaping older adults’ digital engagement, suggesting that cognitive assessments and training should be further considered in digital literacy initiatives for this population.
Dryfilm-ATR-FTIR analysis of urinary profiles as a point-of-care tool to evaluate aerobic exercise
Authors: Béjar-Grimalt Jaume , Sánchez-Illana Ángel , Guardia Miguel de la , Garrigues Salvador , Catalá-Vilaplana Ignacio , Bermejo-Ruiz Jose Luis , Priego-Quesada Jose Ignacio , Pérez-Guaita David
Published: August 2024

The use of ATR-FTIR allows the monitoring of physical stress by measuring the urinary metabolic and protean profiles before after intense exercise.
Differential effects of milk, yogurt, and cheese on energy homeostasis and brown adipose tissue phenotype in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Yuzbashian Emad , Fernando Dineli N. , Ussar Siegfried , Chan Catherine B.
Published: August 2024

The effects of fat-free milk, fat-free yogurt, and reduced-fat cheese on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.
Dynamic and solid-state behaviour of bromoisotrianglimine
Authors: Scholes Abbie M. , Kershaw Cook Laurence J. , Szczypiński Filip T. , Luzyanin Konstantin V. , Egleston Benjamin D. , Greenaway Rebecca L. , Slater Anna G.
Published: August 2024

The dynamic behaviour of simple imine macrocycles under crystallisation conditions is exploited to form new structural motifs, including a previously unreported [4 + 4] macrocycle.
Transport and clogging dynamics of flexible rods in pore constrictions
Authors: Bräsel Berinike , Geiger Matthias , Linkhorst John , Wessling Matthias
Published: August 2024

A spatio-temporal analysis reveals conditions that contribute to the trajectory and clogging mechanisms of flexible rod-shaped particles in confined flow.
Jumping for joy: this scholarship is a dream come true!
Authors: Ollett Lucy
Published: August 2024

Launched in 1984 to commemorate the life and work of Sir Hans Krebs, FRS, the Krebs Memorial Scholarship acknowledges exceptional academic achievement and outstanding potential. Offered to individuals whose very promising research career has been interrupted for extraordinary non-academic reasons, this scholarship was first awarded to Dr Mahvash Tavassoli. This year, we are celebrating the 40th anniversary and are delighted to have supported 18 outstanding researchers to achieve their research goals so far. In this article, hear more from our latest Krebs Scholar, Sama Alsharif, who discusses her current research plans and aspirations for the future.
Utilizing prior knowledge about the measurement process for uncertainty evaluation through plain Monte Carlo sampling
Authors: Marschall Manuel , Demeyer Séverine , Petit Sébastien , Wübbeler Gerd , Fischer Nicolas , Elster Clemens
Published: August 2024

Type A uncertainty evaluation can significantly benefit from incorporating prior knowledge about the precision of an employed measurement device, which allows for reliable uncertainty assessments with limited observations. The Bayesian framework, employing Bayes theorem and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), is recommended to incorporate such prior knowledge in a statistically rigorous way. While MCMC is recommended, metrologists are usually well-familiar with plain Monte Carlo sampling and previous work demonstrated the integration of similar prior knowledge into an uncertainty evaluation framework following the plain Monte Carlo sampling of JCGM 101–the Supplement 1 to the GUM. In this work, we explore the potential and limitations of such an approach, presenting classes of data distributions for informative Type A uncertainty evaluations. Our work justifies an informative extension of the JCGM 101 Type A uncertainty evaluation from a statistical perspective, providing theoretical insight and practical guidance. Explicit distributions are proposed for input quantities in Type A scenarios, aligning with Bayesian uncertainty evaluations. In addition, inherent limitations of the JCGM 101 Monte Carlo approach are discussed concerning general Bayesian inference. Metrological examples support the theoretical findings, significantly expanding the applicability of the JCGM 101 Monte Carlo technique from a Bayesian perspective.
Remote water meter calibration based on weighted least squares algorithm
Authors: Zhou Juan , Zhou Shengwei , Zhang Shun , Cen Zhibo
Published: August 2024

In response to issues such as poor-fitting accuracy in the remote water meter measurement curve, unsatisfactory fitting effects, and challenges in depicting real data characteristics, a weighted least squares algorithm is proposed based on the remote water meter measurement error curves. Firstly, we have combined the remote water meter measurement error formula with the traditional least squares algorithm to generate an integrated algorithm. Subsequently, the weighting theory is introduced into the integrated mathematical model. The polynomial fitting curve parameters are then calculated by assigning different weights to the data under various flow rates. Simulation experiments are also conducted, demonstrating that the proposed algorithm exhibits higher curve fitting accuracy compared to the conventional least square method. It can accurately analyze the metering performance of remote water under different working conditions and precisely measure its metering error.
Conduite à tenir face à une diarrhée chronique de l’intestin grêle
chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Bèche Alexane , Hugonnard Marine
Published: August 2024

Le signe le plus souvent rencontré lors d’atteinte de l’intestin grêle est une diarrhée (augmentation de la fréquence d’émission des selles et/ou de leur volume et/ou ou de leur liquidité).
Les causes de diarrhée chronique du grêle sont très diverses, d’origine digestive ou extra-digestive. De ce fait, la démarche diagnostique nécessite d’être organisée et réfléchie. Dans un premier temps, la caractérisation sémiologique de la diarrhée est indispensable afin d’orienter vers une atteinte spécifique de l’intestin grêle plutôt que du côlon.
De nombreux examens complémentaires sont disponibles pour investiguer une diarrhée du grêle : coproscopie, biochimie sanguine, examens d’imagerie (échographie abdominale en particulier), endoscopie et histopathologie (biopsies endoscopiques ou chirurgicales).
La biochimie sanguine met également en évidence les conséquences métaboliques de la diarrhée et oriente le pronostic.
Les essais de traitement font partie intégrante de la prise en charge d’une diarrhée chronique lorsque l’état général de l’animal le permet, et que les résultats des premiers examens complémentaires sont permissifs.
C’est par une démarche diagnostique raisonnée associant examens complémentaires et essais de traitement qu’il est possible d’établir un diagnostic précis et de choisir le traitement le mieux adapté pour chaque cas.
Isolated posterior stabilization in type B and C thoracolumbar fractures associated with ankylosing spine disorders: A single center experience with clinical and radiological outcomes
Authors: Sulpis Benoit , Neri Thomas , Klasan Antonio , Castel Xavier , Vassal François , Tetard Marie Charlotte
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Fractures in ankylosing spine disorders (ASD) are associated with high complication and mortality rates. During the posterior stabilization of these fractures, reduction is often partial, resulting in the persistence of a significant anterior diastasis. Our objective was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of isolated posterior stabilization in elderly ASD patients, without direct reduction of the anterior diastasis, in terms of clinical and radiological outcomes, complications, and mortality. Methods: This retrospective study included 46 patients, mean age 79.3 years, with ASD, who underwent isolated posterior stabilization, open or percutaneous, for thoracolumbar fractures. The average follow-up was 21.7 months, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Autonomy (Parker score) and radiological results (lordotic angulation) were analyzed pre-and post-operatively. Results: Autonomy was maintained at the last follow-up, with no significant difference in Parker’s score. The consolidation rate was 94.6%. No implant failure was recorded. Despite the absence of an anterior procedure, lordotic angulation was significantly reduced by 2.6° at 6 months (p = 0.02). The rate of surgical complications following open surgeries was 10.9% (n = 5), of which 6.5% were infections. No surgical complications were reported in percutaneous surgeries. The rate of medical complications was 67.4% (n = 31), with a rate of 88.2% in the open surgery group, compared to 55.2% in the percutaneous surgery group. An open approach was associated with a five-fold higher risk of complications (p = 0.049). Nine patients died during follow-up (19.6%). Conclusions: Isolated posterior stabilization in the treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures in elderly ASD patients is a safe technique promoting autonomy preservation, and high radiological bony healing with acceptable complication and mortality rates. The persistent anterior gap is partially reduced when the spine is loaded and does not seem to require an anterior procedure, thus decreasing complications. Percutaneous surgery should be the technique of choice to reduce surgical complications.
Classifying, downgrading, reclassifying. The French “women’s” tennis ranking categories facing the test of change?
Authors: Fontaine Marine , Hidri Neys Oumaya
Published: August 2024

In the vein of work carried out in the sociology of sport over the last thirty years or so on high-level sport, this article focuses on women’s tennis. Based on a quantitative survey of 5293 French female competitive players, this article invites us to distance ourselves from the the French Tennis Federation (FFT) classification categories as potential categories for sociological analysis. Our results show the limits of taking institutional rankings into account in order to understand the conditions of existence, practice and performance of female tennis players. Based on a multiple correspondence analysis followed by a hierarchical ascending classification, three typical profiles were identified: the ‘Sunday’ players practising in the ‘leisure-pleasure’ mode, the ‘eclectic’ players, with heterogeneous socio-demographic characteristics, sharing the common point of moving towards a ‘serious leisure activity’, and finally the ‘vulnerable’ players devoting themselves exclusively to their ‘profession’ even though they continue not to be recognised as workers in their own right.