bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Dispersed Information in Pricing Default: Evidence from the Great Recession
Authors: Brancati Emanuele , Macchiavelli Marco
Published: September 2015

The recent Global Games literature makes important predictions on how financial crises unfold. We test the empirical relevance of these theories by analyzing how dispersed information affects banks&#x27; default risk. We find evidence that precise information acts as a coordination device which reduces creditors&#x27; willingness to roll over debt to a bank, thus increasing both its default risk and its vulnerability to changes in expectations. We establish two new results. First, given an unfavorable median forecast, less dispersed beliefs greatly increase default risk; this is consistent with incomplete information models that rely on coordination risk while in contrast with a wide range of models that neglect this component. Second, less dispersion of beliefs amplifies the reaction of default risk to changes in market expectations; importantly, precise information raises banks&#x27; vulnerability by more than standard measures of banks&#x27; fragility. Taken together, our results suggest that enhanced transparency, by providing agents with more precise information, increases banks&#x27; vulnerability to changes in sentiment and raises the default risk of weaker banks. Finally, we address concerns of endogeneity of market expectations by introducing a novel set of instruments.
Intervenciones no voluntarias en materia de salud en el Derecho Español
Authors: Sáenz Ángela Ruiz , Gómez Gustavo Merino
Published: September 2015

El paciente se configura como el eje básico de las relaciones clínicoasistenciales requiriendo toda actuación en el ámbito de su salud del consentimento libre y voluntario del mismo. En este sentido, tiene derecho a negarse al tratamiento, excepto en los casos determinados en la ley. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio de algunas situaciones en las que el legislador ha previsto la posibilidad de adoptar medidas dirigidas a preservar la salud del paciente sin contar con el consentimiento del mismo: las medidas relativas al internamiento no voluntario por razón de trastorno psiquiátrico y las intervenciones obligatorias por riesgo de transmisión de enfermedades contagiosas, en concreto, la hospitalización forzosa y la vacunación.
Direito à saúde e participação “comunitária”: limites do modelo participativo do Sistema Único de Saúde na pós-modernidade jurídico-política
Authors: Canut Letícia
Published: September 2015

O trabalho examina a estrutura de participação “comunitária” do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) com o objetivo de assinalar que essa configuraçãonão corresponde às características da pós-modernidade jurídico-política inaugurada pela Constituição de 1988, segundo a qual o direito à saúde apresenta uma dimensão coletiva própria a ser exercida de acordo com a República Participativa.
Nuevas regulaciones sobre comercio exterior
Authors: Hernández Vázquez Luis Ricardo , Galindo Muro Ana Bricia , Gaytán Esquivel Juan de Dios
Published: September 2015

Con el pasar de los años las relaciones entre los paí­ses se ha convertido en prioridad ya que con ello ha sido posible el desarrollo del paí­s en losrubros de economí­a, turismo, inversión, comercio y fomento industrial eliminando constantemente las barreras que impiden que esto sea posible. Sin embargo, gracias a esto también ha sido necesario la implementación de reglas y parámetros de seguridad para la protección de la producción y población mexicana siendo definidos por las autoridades competentes de acuerdo al sector del que se trate.
Atención al cliente y validación funcional
Authors: Sainz Zamora Dr. Rafael Octavio
Published: September 2015

La globalización de los mercados ha provocado una alta competitividad entre las organizaciones. Como nunca los productos y los servicios presentan cada vez más similitudes, y el cliente se vuelve mucho más conocedor y critico. Se redefine la relación marca-consumidor, ya que la lealtad de este último habrá de basarse solo en su beneficio, expresado principalmente en la calidad y el valor. La delgada lí­nea de confianza se pone en riesgo cuando el producto llega al consumidor.La literatura referente a la atención al cliente, da poca importancia y propuestas mí­nimas para enfrentar la problemática cuando el producto oservicio no cumplen con lo prometido o esperado. En este trabajo se cuestiona a esta situación y se proponen algunas técnicas para su validación funcional.
Determinación de los objetivos parciales de un proyecto, aplicando la ruta más larga
Authors: Sainz Zamora Dr. Rafael Octavio , Cornejo Martí­nez Inga. Ana Rosa , Morán Castrejón L.A. Mayra , Torres Castañeda C.P. Rosa Araceli
Published: September 2015

En el presente documento se aborda la problemática de lo que significa el establecer los objetivos parciales de un proyecto, cuando se minimiza su importancia o se carece de fundamento. En ocasiones se recurre al diagrama de Gantt como solución, pero como se verá más adelante, ésta no es la mejor opción. Un mal planteamiento de estos objetivos, puede alterar la asignación de tareas y por ello, el no arribar a los resultados esperados, en un descontrol manifiesto en recursos materiales y humanos.La propuesta consiste en recurrir a la técnica de Project Evaluation and Review Technique, que permite determinar en tiempos estimados las actividades a desarrollar. De ahí­, al agruparlas se conforman lo que son los objetivos parciales. Esta es una propuesta que evita la imposición de objetivos, ya que al aglutinar actividades de manera racional, estos objetivos se establecen como una consecuencia y no como una condición.
Modelo de la estrategia del océano azul como propuesta de innovación para el área comercial de una MIPYME guanajuatense proveedora de la industria de la construcción
Authors: Arredondo Hidalgo. Dra. Marí­a Guadalupe
Published: September 2015

La presente investigación se lleva a cabo en una microempresa como hay muchas en México, en donde la sobrevivencia económica dentro de un ambiente de crisis es un común denominador. El esquema general de este trabajo consiste en analizar el contexto de la empresa, para proponer a partir del Modelo de la Estrategia del Océano Azul de Kim W.C. y Mauborgne R. (2005), un modelo de innovación comercial. Como metodologí­a aplicada, la investigación está basada en información primaria de la empresa, tomando como base el contexto de la organización de la MiPyME; así­ como documental a través de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas. De acuerdo a la profundidad, es una investigación descriptiva, a partir de la información de la empresa, se interpretarán los datos y se aplicará la propuesta a la organización. La investigación se determina desde el paradigma cualitativo y comoestudio de caso. Finalmente, la propuesta especí­fica de intervención para el área comercial, encaminada a realizar un cambio planeado con el propósito de mejorar áreas de oportunidad detectadas.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA LOGÍSTICA REVERSA DE PNEUMÁTICOS PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL
Authors: Santos Luciana De Almeida Araújo , Botinha Reiner Alves , Leal Edvalda Araújo
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a contribuição da logística reversa nas etapas de gerenciamento adequado dos pneus pós-consumo: a reutilização, a reforma, a reciclagem e a incineração com aproveitamento de energia, com vistas ao desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade e à responsabilidade ambiental. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados neste trabalho foram delineados pela pesquisa bibliográfica, e a tipologia de pesquisa utilizada caracteriza-se como exploratória e descritiva. A coleta de dados envolveu a técnica de documentação indireta, particularmente dados de fontes secundárias. Foram analisadas as informações disponibilizadas na web, como site de órgãos reguladores ambientais e de associações ligadas ao segmento de pneumáticos. A pesquisa expôs a importância da logística reversa em cada uma das etapas de gerenciamento do pneumático, e, principalmente, as vantagens representadas para a sustentabilidade ambiental, como trazer: possibilidade da reciclagem dos pneus inservíveis; benefícios ao ambiente com economia de recursos naturais; economia de recursos energéticos gastos na fabricação de borracha, aço e fibras têxteis e economia de outros tipos de combustíveis.

Palavras-chave: Logística reversa. Pneumáticos. Sustentabilidade.
OBJETIVOS DE DESEMPENHO: UMA DISCUSSÃO TEÓRICO-EMPÍRICA ACERCA DA RELEVÂNCIA E DIVERSIDADE
Authors: Roman Darlan , Erdmann Rolf Hermann
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma discussão teórico-empírica sobre o tema “Objetivos de desempenho acerca da relevância e diversidade.” Para tanto, faz-se uma discussão comparativa dos resultados do estudo com o modelo Cone de Areia, proposto por Ferdows e De Meyer (1990), e o conceito de Trade-offs, apresentado por Skinner (1969). Com base na discussão teórica sobre objetivos de desempenho, foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis questões norteadoras. As entrevistas foram feitas com gestores de duas organizações industriais, atuantes nos ramo alimentício e de cosméticos, localizadas no estado de Santa Catarina. Os resultados reforçam a importância dos objetivos de desempenho nas condições de competição da atualidade. Observa-se que há pontos divergentes entre os resultados deste estudo e as abordagens de Ferdows e De Meyer (1990) e de Skinner (1969). Conclui-se que as organizações percebem os objetivos de desempenho como relevantes; confiabilidade, flexibilidade, inovação e qualidade são vistos como os mais importantes.

Palavras-chave: Objetivos de desempenho. Organizações industriais. Cone de Areia. Trade- offs.
O COMÉRCIO ELETRÔNICO NA REGIÃO DO PAMPA: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO NO SETOR DE MODA E CONFECÇÃO DE SANTANA DO LIVRAMENTO, RS
Authors: Do Canto Luana Costa , Corso Kathiane Benedetti
Published: September 2015

Com a frequente utilização da internet e das diversas redes existentes, os negócios estão se tornando cada vez mais digitalizados. Frente a essas mudanças e necessidades, este artigo tem como foco responder ao seguinte problema: “Em qual estágio se encontra o comércio eletrônico nas empresas do setor de moda e confecção na cidade de Santana do Livramento, RS?” O trabalho traz como objetivos específicos: mapear as empresas de Santana do Livramento do segmento do varejo de moda e confecções que atuam no comércio eletrônico; verificar as vantagens obtidas com o uso do comércio eletrônico; verificar as desvantagens do comércio eletrônico; identificar os motivos pelos quais algumas empresas não adotam o comércio eletrônico; e, identificar o atual uso da internet nas empresas do segmento. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de duas etapas de coleta de dados, sendo utilizados tanto dados quantitativos quanto qualitativos, gerando, assim, uma importante interação dos resultados. O método utilizado foi a amostragem probabilística. A primeira parte da coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionários aplicados com empresas da cidade de Santana do Livramento, RS; logo após a tabulação dos dados foi feita a aplicação de uma entrevista semiestruturada para aprofundar os resultados. Estes mostram que as empresas de moda e confecção da cidade estão em um estágio muito inicial de comércio eletrônico, estando apenas uma empresa da amostra inserida no comércio virtual. As demais empresas, apesar de não utilizarem comércio eletrônico, quando utilizam a internet atualizam redes sociais e buscam informações.

Palavras-chave: Moda e confecção. Comércio eletrônico. Negócios virtuais.
PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA NA ÁREA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PRODUTOS: UMA ANÁLISE METODOLÓGICA DOS ARTIGOS PUBLICADOS NOS PRINCIPAIS JOURNALS ENTRE 1987 E 2011
Authors: Santini Fernando De Oliveira , Sampaio Claudio , Lubeck Rafael Mendes , Perin Marcelo
Published: September 2015

O propósito deste trabalho foi revisar as metodologias nos artigos
publicados nos principais journals da área de Desenvolvimento de
Produtos nos últimos 22 anos. No que diz respeito aos métodos foi
realizada uma desk research que consiste em uma técnica de análise de
dados secundários na qual foram analisadas a natureza dos estudos
realizados, a apresentação e relevância do problema de pesquisa, a
apresentação e discussão do desenho de pesquisa, os tipos de dados
utilizados, assim como a forma e a apresentação dos resultados. Estes apontam a predominância de estudos do tipo survey de
natureza causal e a descrição de hipóteses ou pressupostos. Quanto
às questões relacionadas ao desenho de pesquisa, os resultados
demonstram uma definição da operacionalização das variáveis, da
mesma forma que da descrição dos procedimentos metodológicos
adotados. Observou-se, também, o predomínio da utilização de um
método. Por fim, a forma de apresentação dos resultados demonstrou
consistência em relação à exposição da validade nomológica.
Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento de produtos. Análise metodológica.
Estudos bibliométricos.
Editorial
Authors: Filippim Eliane Salete
Published: September 2015

Editorial
EFEITOS DA LEI DE RESPONSABILIDADE FISCAL SOBRE A PRESTAÇÃO DE CONTAS DAS PREFEITURAS DE SANTA CATARINA.
Authors: Sehnem Alyne
Published: September 2015

A Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal objetivou a normatização das finanças públicas voltadas para a responsabilidade na gestão fiscal. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a reação das contas das prefeituras do Estado de Santa Catarina com a aprovação da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, no ano 2000. Para tanto utilizou-se os dados disponibilizados pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado catarinense no período compreendido entre os anos de 1992 a 2006. Com os resultados da pesquisa pôde-se constatar que a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, teve efeitos significativos sobre as contas apresentadas pelos municípios catarinenses. O ano da aprovação da Lei pode ser considerado um ano anormal na apresentação dessas contas, uma vez que houve expressivo número de contas rejeitadas.
Discriminação no mercado de trabalho formal: uma análise exploratória por gênero, a partir dos dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais – RAIS 2007.
Authors: Galete Rinaldo Rinaldo
Published: September 2015

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Tem sido crescente o interesse de grupos que mal remunerados no mercado de trabalho. A diferença de rendimentos entre homens e mulheres poderia ser explicada pelas diferenças entre suas características médias, como experiência, idade, educação e setor de trabalho. Essas características geralmente explicam parte dessa diferença, sendo o restante atribuído a um componente residual associado à discriminação. Aqui, objetiva-se investigar evidências de discriminação por gênero e por ocupação no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro. As mulheres tendem a estar excessivamente representadas em nas ocupações de remuneração baixa. Os resultados do índice de dissimilaridade indicaram um grau relativo de segregação ocupacional por sexo. As mulheres estão sub-representadas nas ocupações de remuneração elevada. Parte da diferença entre os salários relativos pode ser resultado de diferentes distribuições ocupacionais. Até nas mesmas ocupações, independente de serem de remuneração baixa ou elevada, em parte significativas delas as mulheres ganham substancialmente menos do que os homens.

Palavras-chave: Discriminação; Mercado Formal de Trabalho; Rendimentos do Trabalho.
Examining the linkage between shrub encroachment and recent greening in water‐limited southern Africa
Authors: Saha M. V. , Scanlon T. M. , D'Odorico P.
Published: September 2015

There have been reports of widespread increases in satellite‐derived vegetation indices in drylands across the globe. At the same time, there are numerous field‐based observations of increases in the density of small woody plant species, a process known as shrub encroachment. We compare ground‐based observations of shrub encroachment with information from 14 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation data, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and MODIS land cover data for southern Africa, focusing on areas that receive less than 1000 mm of precipitation per year. Cumulative precipitation and maximum NDVI were computed for each year and linear regression analysis was used to correct for interannual variability in precipitation. Accounting for precipitation effects, we found an underlying, overall greening in southern Africa, with NDVI increasing +3.34% on average over the 2000–2013 study period. Over 15% of the region is undergoing statistically significant change, strongly biased towards greening. The strongest greening was in a coherent band stretching from northern Namibia to Lesotho. Ground‐based reports of shrub encroachment tend to overlap with strong greening; we suggest that these processes are linked. Reports that intersect our period of record showed overwhelmingly positive trends, indicating that our method is suitable for detecting shrub encroachment. Shrublands and savannas accounted for 78% of the study region. Savannas did not change appreciably (−0.21% total change) from 2000–2013 while shrublands were greening faster than any other land cover type over the same period (+8.93%). Fast rates of greening in this biome may be indicative of shrub expansion. Large‐scale shrub encroachment will have important consequences for dryland degradation and global carbon dynamics.
Spelt as a Genetic Resource for Yield Component Improvement in Bread Wheat
Authors: Xie Quan , Mayes Sean , Sparkes Debbie L.
Published: September 2015

Novel germplasm resources are required to broaden the genetic diversity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for further yield improvement. In this study, the usefulness of spelt (T. spelta L.) as a genetic resource to improve yield components of bread wheat was determined. A recombinant inbred line mapping population of bread wheat Forno and spelt Oberkulmer was used to quantify the yield components. Subsequently, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield components, together with grain threshability traits, were identified. Oberkulmer had larger grains (in 2012 season), more fertile tillers, higher biomass, longer and laxer spikes than Forno. Quantitative trait locus analysis revealed six alleles for low threshability and two for tenacious glumes from the spelt, and the Q gene had major effects. Furthermore, 40 favorable alleles for yield components were detected from Oberkulmer, and 83% of them were independent of those for low threshability and tenacious glumes. Therefore, spelt is a useful genetic resource for yield component improvement of bread wheat, while maintaining the free‐threshing habit. In addition, most of QTL for grain number components were coincident with those for grain weight. Allelic analysis of the coincident QTL showed that increased grain number was associated with decreased grain weight, which explained their negative phenotypic relationships.
Competition, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Productivity of Millet–Soybean Intercropping in Semiarid Conditions
Authors: Jahanzad Emad , Sadeghpour Amir , Hoseini Mohammad B. , Barker Allen V. , Hashemi Masoud , Keshavarz Afshar Reza
Published: September 2015

Increased frequency of drought and shortage of irrigation water has challenged forage production in arid and semiarid regions. Farmers have shifted from corn (Zea mays L.), as their primary source of forage, to more drought‐tolerant species such as millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.); however, protein content of millet may be too low to meet the needs of high‐producing animals. A 2‐yr field experiment was conducted to determine if mixtures of millet with soybean (Glycine max L.) could produce acceptable forage and protein yield and at the same time maintain farmers' profit level. Main plots consisted of nitrogen (N) rates of 0, 37, and 74 kg N ha−1, and subplots were assigned to intercropping ratios (50:50, 60:40, and 40:60 millet–soybean) along with sole crops. Nitrogen application increased total dry matter yield, and millet sole crop had the highest yield (13.6 t ha−1) followed by 60:40 millet–soybean (13.1 t ha−1). The land equivalent ratio (LER) was highest (1.17) in 60:40 millet–soybean intercrops, indicating 17% more efficient use of land than sole crops. On the basis of the results from LER, relative crowding coefficient, and monetary advantage index, 60:40 millet–soybean was superior to the other intercropping ratios and sole crops. Also, the highest protein yield (2.49 t ha−1) was obtained from 60:40 millet–soybean intercrops. Considering both yield and nitrogen use efficiency, 60:40 millet–soybean intercropping ratio, fertilized at 74 kg N ha−1, was advantageous and could be recommended as an alternative to millet sole crop to produce forage of high quality with no significant yield loss.
Increased Recovery of Green Doubled Haploid Plants from Barley Anther Culture
Authors: Sriskandarajah Sridevy , Sameri Mohammad , Lerceteau‐Köhler Estelle , Westerbergh Anna
Published: September 2015

Albinism is a major limitation in the production of doubled haploid plants in cereals. As this trait is partly genetically controlled, the culture method has to be adapted to the plant genotype to reduce albinism. We have improved green plant recovery in the Northern barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) spring cultivar Mitja from 6 to 42% by altering the culture method and composition of the culture media. In a new three‐step protocol, the addition of casein hydrolysate to an intermediate regeneration medium gave the highest number of green plants. The shoot and root growth medium used for germinated embryos was superior to the standard media reported in the literature for root formation and shoot growth. Our modified method has merit for testing with other recalcitrant genotypes in anther and isolated microspore cultures.
Dispositional Optimism as a Mediator of the Effect of Rumination on Anxiety
Authors: Yu Xiaobo , Chen Junbo , Liu Jing , Yu Xiaodong , Zhao Kongqing
Published: September 2015

Many researchers have focused on the impact of rumination and optimism on anxiety, but few have examined the trilateral relationships among these factors. In this study, we explored the mediating effect of dispositional optimism in the relationship between rumination and anxiety. Participants
were 448 Chinese undergraduate students who completed a survey assessing rumination, optimism, and anxiety. The results suggested that rumination was positively correlated with anxiety and that dispositional optimism was negatively correlated with anxiety. Structural equation modeling further
showed that dispositional optimism partially mediated the impact of rumination on anxiety. The bootstrapping test also revealed significant paths from rumination to anxiety through dispositional optimism. We concluded that both rumination and dispositional optimism can affect anxiety.
Self-esteem, Gender, and the Relationship Between Extraversion and Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Li Yuan , Lan Jijun , Ju Chengting
Published: September 2015

We examined the moderating effects of self-esteem and gender on the relationship between extraversion and subjective well-being in Chinese university students. Participants were 542 students (217 men, 325 women; age range = 17–24 years), who completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem
Scale, the extraversion subscale of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, and the General Well-Being Schedule to evaluate self-esteem, extraversion, and subjective well-being, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that self-esteem moderated the association between extraversion and
subjective well-being. Among students high in self-esteem, those with high extraversion had higher subjective well-being than did those with low extraversion. Across all participants (high- and low-extraversion groups), subjective well-being was low when self-esteem was low. Gender moderated
the link between extraversion and subjective well-being, tending to be a more significant determinant of subjective well-being in men than in women.
Effects of Review Characteristics and Consumer Regulatory Focus on Perceived Review Usefulness
Authors: Kim Mikyoung , Lee Mira
Published: September 2015

Employing regulatory focus theory, we explored how consumer regulatory focus interacts with 2 characteristics of a consumer review—review valence and claim type—to influence consumers' perceived usefulness of the review. To this end, we conducted an experiment with 126 college
students as participants. The results showed that promotion-focused consumers perceived a positive review to be more useful than did prevention-focused consumers, whereas prevention-focused consumers perceived a negative review as more useful than did promotion-focused consumers. We also found
that promotion-focused consumers perceived an evaluative review as more useful than did prevention-focused consumers. Unexpectedly, however, both promotion- and prevention-focused consumers perceived a factual review to be highly useful.
The Relationship Between Economic Value of Time and Feelings of Time Pressure
Authors: Chen Changkai , Xu Hua , Zheng Juanjuan
Published: September 2015

The issue of time pressure concerns both scholars and the general public. We conducted 2 experiments in which university students (67 participants in Experiment 1, 69 in Experiment 2) were randomly assigned to different economic values of time. Contrary to previous findings, we found
that subjective expectations played an important mediating role in the relationship between the economic value of time and feelings of time pressure. If the economic value of time was lower than the participants expected, this negatively affected their perceived time pressure. In contrast,
if the economic value was higher than the participants expected, this enhanced their perceived time pressure. We found that the opportunity cost of time perspective was the most applicable of 3 theoretical explanations in explaining the relationship between the economic value of time and time
pressure.
The dynamic effect of exchange-rate volatility on Turkish exports: Parsimonious error-correction model approach
Authors: Demirhan Erdal , Demirhan Banu
Published: September 2015

This paper aims to investigate the effect of exchange-rate stability on real
export volume in Turkey, using monthly data for the period February 2001 to
January 2010. The Johansen multivariate cointegration method and the
parsimonious error-correction model are applied to determine long-run and
short-run relationships between real export volume and its determinants. In
this study, the conditional variance of the GARCH (1, 1) model is taken as a
proxy for exchange-rate stability, and generalized impulse-response functions
and variance-decomposition analyses are applied to analyze the dynamic
effects of variables on real export volume. The empirical findings suggest
that exchangerate stability has a significant positive effect on real export
volume, both in the short and the long run.
Environmental efficiency evaluation of china based on a kind of congestion and undesirable output coefficient
Authors: Song Malin , Wang Shuhong
Published: September 2015

The production ?congestion? phenomenon is widespread in reality although few
models nowadays consider its influences. In this study, production congestion
is introduced into an environmental efficiency evaluation model and a new
data envelopment analysis model that considers both production congestion and
undesirable output is established so as to measure environmental efficiency
evaluation effectively. On this basis, we divide technological change into
productive technological change and energy-savings emission reduction
technological change to establish their influences on the congestion
phenomenon. The results show that productive technological change cannot
relieve the degree of congestion while green technology change that
stimulates environmental efficiency improvement can greatly alleviate
situations of congestion.
Interdependencies of markets in southeastern Europe and buyback of shares on shallow capital markets: The application of cointegration and causality tests
Authors: Djukic Djordje , Djukic Malisa
Published: September 2015

Due to the global financial crisis the stock exchange indices of Southeastern
European (SEE) countries are stagnating or are slowly recovering. The issuers
of securities, namely banks that achieve good business results, may be in a
dilemma whether to buy back their shares so as to slow down the share price
decrease and manage capital. In this paper, the cointegration tests, Granger
causality test and equilibrium error correction model were applied to
examine: 1) interdependencies of stock exchange indexes in SEE countries
(Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Republic of Srpska, Macedonia - FYROM
and Bulgaria); 2) interdependencies of most actively traded shares in Serbia
and the representative index. The main conclusion is that it is not possible
to successfully use the share buyback to stop or reduce the share price fall
on a shallow capital market of SEE countries. This is opposite to what
successful banks can do on deep capital markets. In interpreting quantitative
results it is necessary to be cautious because of a small number of banks
from SEE which were able to use share repurchase.
Asymmetric dependence between efficiency and market power in the Taiwanese life insurance industry
Authors: Chuang Chung-Chu , Tang Yu-Chieh
Published: September 2015

Both market power and efficiency contribute to the viability of the insurer,
making them essential for the management of life insurance companies. This
study measured efficiency using the stochastic frontier approach based on the
translog cost function. We then investigated the relationship between
efficiency and market power using generalized extreme value analysis. The
results show a strong nonlinear, asymmetric dependence between efficiency and
market power of leading Taiwanese insurers. In other words, companies with
greater market power do not necessarily exhibit greater efficiency. This
study provides a reference to aid life insurance companies in the formulation
of operational strategies.
Postmaterialism, religiosity and ethnocentrism: Interactive effects on political preferences
Authors: Todosijevic Bojan , Mijic Emilija , Hristic Ljubomir
Published: September 2015

Relationships between value orientations and political attitudes are usually
analyzed as linear and additive associations. Since values are commonly
conceived as lacking independence of each other, particularly in politics
where they usually appear in the shape of ?ideological packages?, the paper
examines how values interact when generating their political effects. We
investigate the interactive effects between postmaterialism, religiosity and
ethnocentrism when they are required to explain ideological and party
preferences. The outlined problems are examined using the Dutch Parliamentary
Election Studies (DPES) data. Results show that political expression of some
values (e.g., ethnocentrism) is dependent on the level of the other values
(e.g., postmaterialism).
Does action disrupt Multiple Object Tracking (MOT)?
Authors: Thornton Ian , Horowitz Todd
Published: September 2015

While the relationship between action and focused attention has been
well-studied, less is known about the ability to divide attention while
acting. In the current paper we explore this issue using the multiple object
tracking (MOT) paradigm (Pylyshyn & Storm, 1988). We asked whether planning
and executing a display-relevant action during tracking would substantially
affect the ability track and later identify targets. In all trials the
primary task was to track 4 targets among a set of 8 identical objects.
Several times during each trial, one object, selected at random, briefly
changed colour. In the baseline MOT trials, these changes were ignored.
During active trials, each changed object had to be quickly touched. On a
given trial, changed objects were either from the tracking set or were
selected at random from all 8 objects. Although there was a small dual-task
cost, the need to act did not substantially impair tracking under either
touch condition.
Evaluation of Quality Protein Maize and Drought Tolerant Maize in Far Western Hills of Nepal
Authors: Prasai Hari Kumar , Sharma Subarna , Kushwaha Ujjawal Kumar Singh , Shrestha Jiban
Published: September 2015

The coordinated varietal trial of quality protein maize was carried out in research station of regional agricultural research station, Doti during 2011/12 and 2012/13. A total of fourteen entries including standard and local checks were included in the experiment of both years. Out of tested entries of the year 2011/12, S99TLYQ-A produced the highest grain yield (2814 kg/ha) followed by SO3TLYQ-AB-01 (2765 kg/ha) and SO3TLYQ-AB-02 (2293 kg/ha). MSTATC software was used in data analysis. Flowering days, plant height and grain yield due to genotypes was found significant at 1-5% level. Amongst the tested entries include in the experiment of the year 2012/13, S99TLYQ-AB recorded the highest grain yield (6006 kg/ha) followed by SO3TLYQ-AB-01 (5409 kg/ha) and S99TLYQ-A (5330 kg/ha). There was significant difference in flowering days, plant height, ear height and grain yield due to genotypes at 1-5 % level. Combined analysis over year was also carried out. Genotypes SO3TLYQ-AB-01 (4087 kg/ha), S99TLYQ-A (4072 kg/ha) and S99TLYQ-AB (3750 kg/ha) identified as promising genotypes for lower hills and river basin agro-environment of far western hills. Similarly, experiment on selection of drought tolerance maize genotypes was also carried out at this research station during 2011/12 and 2012/13. Total 105 genotypes of maize were planted for selection of drought tolerance maize genotypes during 2011/12 and it was replicated twice. Quantitative and qualitative traits were recorded for screening against drought. Out of the genotypes included in the experiment, Manakamana-4 was found super variety in terms of grain yield (4561 kg/ha), leaf senescence (1) and leaf roll (1). Statistically, plant height, ear height, flowering days and leaf senescence due to genotypes were found significantly different. Total eight genotypes were selected for second year's drought tolerance genotypes selection experiment and were planted in three replications. Out of the eight genotypes included in the experiment, Upahar (6897 kg/ha), TLBRSO7F16 (6216 kg/ha) and BLSBSO7F12 (6215 kg/ha) were found superior in terms of grain yield.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 387-391
Evaluation of Wheat Genotypes in Far Western Hills of Nepal
Authors: Prasai Hari Kumar , Shrestha Jiban
Published: September 2015

Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and Advanced Varietal Trial (AVT) of wheat were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station,Doti during the year 2012 and 2013. Microplot Yield Trial (MPYT) were conducted during the year 2013. Total 20 genotypes were includedin CVT experiment of both years. Although the difference in grain yield due to genotypes was not found significant during the year 2012, NL1144 recorded the highest grain yield (4309 kg/ha) followed by NL 1140 (4295 kg/ha) and NL 1147 (4165 kg/ha) respectively. But in the year2013, NL 1097 produced the highest grain yield (4641 kg/ha) followed by NL 1135 (4383 kg/ha) and NL 1164 (4283 kg/ha) respectively.Statistically, the difference in grain yield due to genotypes was not found significant in the year 2013. Combined analysis over years was alsocarried out. Out of 20, only 10 genotypes were included in the CVT experiment, which were found similar in both years. Genotypes NL 1097(4079 kg/ha), NL 1140 (3814 kg/ha) and NL 1093 (3773 kg/ha) were found high yielding genotypes for river basin agro-environment of farwestern hills. Statistically, effect of year in tested characters was found significant whereas treatment effect was observed non-significant.Similarly, 20 genotypes of wheat were included in AVT of wheat during the year 2012 and 2013. Out of the genotypes included in AVT duringthe year 2012, KISKADEE No.1recorded the highest grain yield (3824 kg/ha) followed by CHEWINK No. 1 (3643 kg/ha) and WK 2120 (3583kg/ha). Statistically all the tested characters except grain yield were found significantly different due to genotypes. But in the same experimentof the year 2013, WK 2412 genotype recorded the highest grain yield (4407 kg/ha) followed by WK 2411 (4329 kg/ha) and Munal-1 (4054kg/ha). Statistically the difference in grain yield and other tested characters were found significantly different. Due to dissimilarity in the testedgenotypes we could not carry-out the combined analysis over years. Total 30 genotypes were included in the MPYT experiment of the year2013. Genotype WK 2272 recorded the highest grain yield (6080 kg/ha) followed by the genotypes WK 2274 (5152 kg/ha) and WK 2278(4480 kg/ha) respectively. Statistically, the difference in grain yield and other tested characters were found significantly different due togenotypes.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 417-422
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Detection and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Indexing of Escherichia Coli from Urine Samples of Patients from a Referral Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Chakrawarti A. , Dongol P. , Khanal H. , Subba P. , Benerjee J.J.
Published: September 2015

Background: Escherichia coli is the most common causative agent of urinary tract infection. Antibiotic resistance among uropathogens has become a prominent public health problem. Multidrug resistance bacteria have limited the therapeutic possibilities by producing Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL). Objective: Since routine monitoring of ESBL producers are not conducted in clinical laboratories their true prevalence is still unknown. So the objective of this research was to assess multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices and determine ESBL production among Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples. Methods: Standard microbiological techniques and antibiotic sensitivity test were performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method to identify E. coli. ESBL screening was done by using Ceftriaxone, Aztreonam, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime and Cefpodoxime whereas confirmation by combined disc assay. SPSS 16 software was used to analyze data. Results: 86.95% E. coli isolates were MDR strains. 27 isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.2 and 5 isolates had MAR index of 0.7. E. coli isolates showed higher degree of resistance towards Amoxicillin (100%) while 100% were sensitive towards Gentamicin followed by Nitrofurantoin (62.31%). The reliable screening agent for ESBL detection with sensitivity 100% and positive predictive value of 80% was Cefotaxime. Combined disc assay detected 12/69 (17.31%) of E. coli isolates as confirmed ESBL producers. Conclusion: The ubiquity of ESBL-producing E. coli was observed emphasizing the necessity of regular surveillance of ESBL producing clinical isolates in clinical samples to minimize multi-drug resistance strains and avert the ineffectiveness of antimicrobial agent for good health practices.\Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 423-426
Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Public Restaurants and Street Vended Ready-To-Eat “Koshari” Meals
Authors: Mohamedin Attiya , Michel Magdy , Tolba Marwa
Published: September 2015

Ninety ?Koshari? meals samples were collected from some restaurants and street vendors located in six public quarters in central Cairo, to determine the microbiological quality of them directly after cooking and preparing and after 4 & 8 hrs of storage at room temperature. These samples examined for aerobic bacteria, Esherichia coli and coagulase positive Staphylococci to conduct a preliminary microbial risk assessment for them in” koshari “meals. According to the CDPH (2009) only 53 samples (59%) were of satisfactory microbiological quality for Aerobic plate count (APC) and 81 samples (90%) were positive for E. coli cells and 58% of them (47 samples) are acceptable quality. About coagulase positive S. aureus, 28 samples (31.1 %) were positive and only 60.7% of them (17 samples) of satisfactory microbiological quality.Moreover, the percentage of unacceptable microbiological quality samples tested (potentially hazardous) reached to 36 samples (40%), 29 samples (32.2%), and 17 samples (18.9%) for APC, E. coli and S. aureus respectively, after 8 hrs of storage at room temperature. This study reveals that “Koshari” meals sold on the public areas are unwholesome and could be a potential source of food-borne bacteria pathogens if not properly handled. Option might be to suggest that the product should be consumed within short time of purchase in these places. Improvements in processing and handling are required and the need of food-borne bacteria disease surveillance indicated. In addition, it was evident that the Egyptian Food Code needed new legal revisions.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 452-458
Biodegradation of Synthetic Dye by Endophytic Fungal Isolate in Calotropis procera Root
Authors: Verma Shiv Kumar , Kumar Anand , Lal Moti , Debnath Mira
Published: September 2015

In this study, based on colony morphology characteristics, a total of 19 fungal endophytes were isolated from root of Calotropis Procera a traditional Indian medicinal plant. All fungal isolates were screened for their dye degradation ability. The dyes used as test dyes were Rose Bengal (RB), azo dye Methyl Red (MR), Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and Methylene Blue (MB) and the concentration of each dye in the experiment was kept 100mg/L. Among the 19 fungal endophytic isolates (CPR1-CPR19), only one isolate CPR4 showed strong dye decolourization capability against all the four test dye. Dye decolourization ability by the isolate CPR4 was determined to be 97.4%, 87%, 65% and 45% for Rose Bengal (RB), Methyl Red (MR), Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and Methylene Blue (MB) respectively. Complete colour decolourization was observed with rose Bengal followed by Methyl Red. Glucose minimal medium was used for liquid and solid culture of fungal isolates. Fungal biomass production in the presence of four test dye was studied and compare with control culture of fungal endophytes. Effect of temperature, pH, stationary and agitation conditions on dye degradation was also studied.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 373-380
p53 Expression in Gliomas
Authors: Shanmugavadivu Aruna C. , Deepika T. , Hemamalini R. , Madhusudhanan G. , Indhu K. , Babu N.C. Ramesh
Published: September 2015

The p53 expression on Gliomas are used for subtyping of tumours. The samples were extracted from the paraffin embedded tissue blocks. The Grade IV and Grade II were tested by IHC (ImmunoHistoChemistry) staining procedures. The primary antibody used was p53. It was found that there is a high expression of p53 in Grade IV (82%) was Score 3 and low expression p53 in Grade II (18%) in which the score was 1. This is in contrast to previous studies of subtyping of Gliomas where, classical types have low expression of p53 and proneural type have high expression of p53. This subtyping was based on score 0 - 3. Score 0 has no positive nuclei, Score 1 has 10% positive nuclei, Score 2 has 10 -30% positive nuclei while score 3 has >30% of positive nucleus.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 479-482
Evaluation of Maize Genotypes for Resistance against Gray Leaf Spot In Hills of Nepal
Authors: Rijal Tirtha Raj , Shrestha Jiban , Acharya Bashistha , Dhami Narayan Bahadur , Karki Ajay , Aryal Ambika , Hamal Pratik
Published: September 2015

Maize crop is affected by several diseases, but Gray leaf spot (GLS), is the major disease that threat maize production in every year in mid-hills and high-hills of Nepal. To identify the source of resistant on gray leaf spot disease maize genotypes were screened/evaluated under hot spots during 2013 and 2014 summer seasons across the hill environment of Nepal. In the screening nursery both exotic(CIMMYT China) and NMRP developed genotypes were included and screened at Pakhribas, Dhungkharka, Supping and Salyan during 2013 & 2014 summer seasons under replicated conditions. The genotypes identified resistant and high yielding at Dhungkharka in 2013 were YML58/(CML226/CATETO//CML226/CATETO)F2-B-1-2-B,YML32/(P147-F2-108-S7/P45-C8-76-S5)-F2-B-30-1-3, YML32/Cel FSRYS9956-B-3-2-4-B and YML58/(G34/36/G33TSR)-F2-B-4-1-B. In case of Salyan none of the genotypes showed resistant reaction against GLS but eight genotypes namely; YML23/P502-C2-58-1-1-2-5-B, YML23/P502-C2-185-3-4-1-3-B-1-B, YML23/P502-C3-F2-10-8-1-1-B, YML23/GLSI01P502-B-25-2-B, YML23/MBR-C5W-F108-2-3-1-B, YS12Q-189, YS12Q-33 and YS12Q-189 reacted MR reaction. At Pakhribas two genotypes reacted resistant (R) reaction namely; YML23/GLS101HGA-B-4-1-B and YS12Q-189 and other ten genotypes responded MR reaction. None of the tested entries at Suping responded resistant reaction but four genotypes ZM-401, 07SADVI, ZM-627 and BGBYPOP responded MR reaction against GLS. During 2014 summer season a total of 20 genotypes both exotic (CIMMYT India) and NMRP developed were screened against GLS across the hill regions of Pakhribas, Dhungkharka and Salyan. From the result of Pakhribas the genotype P501SRCO/P502SRCO was recorded for resistant (1.3) reaction and three genotypes 05SADVI, Entry # 36 and Entry # 27 were responded for MR reaction. In case of Dhungkharka nine genotypes namely; ZM-401, ZM-627, 05SADVI, 07SADVI, TLBRSO7F16, ENTRY#33, ENTRY#24, ENTRY#32 and ENTRY#21 were recorded for MR reaction. The tested genotypes at Salyan revealed that six genotypes namely; 05SADVI, 07SADVI, ACROSS-9942/ACROSS-9944, BGBYPOP, ENTRY # 24 and ENTRY# 32 were reacted resistant reaction and the genotype 07SADVI produced significantly highest grain yield (8638 kg/ha).Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 504-512
Bioprospecting of Traditional Sweet Manufacturing Effluent for Exopolysachharide Producing Bacteria and Their Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Chandran Hema , Sharma Kanika
Published: September 2015

This work was aimed to isolate, purify, characterize and to study the biological applications of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by Agrobacterium fabrum strain C 58 isolated from effluent of a traditional sweet manufacturing unit. The isolated bacterium Agrobacterium fabrum strain C 58 was found to produce 16.21 g/L crude EPS in terms dry weight at 28 0C when brown sugar was supplemented as the source of carbon. The polysachharide was further purified by anion exchange chromatography on a column of DEAE Cellulose -52 yielding one fraction which eluted at 0.2M NaCl. The monosachharide composition of EPS by TLC indicated it to be a hetero polysachharide composed of glucose, galactose, mannose and rhamnose. The FT-IR analysis proves the presence of biologically important functional groups and alpha glycosidic linkage between individual glycosyl residues. The biopolymer at a concentration of 1 % exhibited significant lipid emulsifying capacity against various vegetable oils. The effectiveness of polysaccharide in inhibiting free radicals evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging appeared to be significant. This is the first report about isolation of potent EPS producers from a traditional sweet manufacturing unit effluent which confirms that these samples can be used as a potential habitat for bioprospecting extracellular polymer producing bacteria. The diversity offered by microorganisms in these diverse habitats thus renders a hope for screening new habitats for isolating and developing new polysaccharides with properties superior to those of the existing polymers.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 520-527