bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Various arrangements of mobile genetic elements among CC147 subpopulations of Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring blaNDM-1: a comparative genomic analysis of carbapenem resistant strains
Authors: Pajand Omid , Rahimi Hamzeh , Badmasti Farzad , Gholami Faeze , Alipour Tahereh , Darabi Narges , Aarestrup Frank M. , Leekitcharoenphon Pimlapas
Published: August 2023

Background

Certain clonal complexes (CCs) of Klebsiella pneumoniae such as CC147 (ST147 and ST392) are major drivers of blaNDM dissemination across the world. ST147 has repeatedly reported from our geographical region, but its population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories need to be further studied.

Methods

Comparative genomic analysis of 51 carbapenem-nonsusceptible strains as well as three hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) recovered during 16-months of surveillance was performed using various bioinformatics tools. We investigated the genetic proximity of our ST147 strains with publicly available corresponding genomes deposited globally and from neighbor countries in our geographic region.

Results

While IncL/M plasmid harboring blaOXA-48 was distributed among divergent clones, blaNDM-1 was circulated by twenty of the 25 CC147 dominant clone and were mostly recovered from the ICU. The NDM-1 core structure was bracketed by a single isoform of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) [ΔISKpn26-NDM-TnAs3-ΔIS3000-Tn5403] and was located on Col440I plasmid in 68.7% of ST392. However, various arrangements of MGEs including MITESen1/MITESen1 composite transposon or combination of MITESen1/ISSen4/IS903B/IS5/ISEhe3 on IncFIb (pB171) were identified in ST147. It seems that ST392 circulated blaNDM-1 in 2018 before being gradually replaced by ST147 from the middle to the end of sample collection in 2019. ST147 strains possessed the highest number of resistance markers and showed high genetic similarity with four public genomes that harbored blaNDM-1 on the same replicon type. Mainly, there was a convergence between clusters and isolated neighboring countries in the minimum-spanning tree. A conserved arrangement of resistance markers/MGEs was linked to methyltransferase armA which was embedded in class 1 integron in 8 isolates of ST147/ST48 high-risk clones.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of blaNDM-1 transmission among K. pneumoniae in Iran that occurs both clonally and horizontally via various combinations of MGEs. This is the first analysis of Iranian ST147/NDM + clone in the global context.
Preliminary exploration of the effects of environmental factors on the microsatellite status of BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer
Authors: Tian Binle , Chen Guiming , Shi Xiaoqin , Jiang Liren , Jiang Tao , Li Qi , Yuan Lin , Qin Jian
Published: August 2023

Background

To investigate the expression of EBV products and frequency of gallstone disease (GD) among different microsatellite status in colorectal cancer (CRC) with BRAFV600E mutation.

Methods

We collected 30 CRC patients with BRAFV600E mutation and 10 BRAF ( −) CRC patients as well as 54 healthy subjects. Tumor tissue samples were collected to detect the mutation of BRAF, KRAS, and TP53. Microsatellite status was determined by immunohistochemistry and PCR. EBER in situ hybridization was performed to detect EBV. In addition, we also collected clinical information about the patients.

Results

We found that although EBV products were detected in CRC, there were no significant differences in the EBV distribution between the different BRAF groups. Our study demonstrated that BRAFV600E mutation and BRAFV600E with MSI were significantly more frequent in the right CRC. Furthermore, the KRAS mutation rate in the BRAF-wild-type group was proved to be significantly higher than that in the BRAF mutation group. In addition, we revealed that BRAF mutation and MSI were independent risk factors of TNM stage. The frequency of GD was higher in CRC patients than in general population, and although there was no significant difference between CRC with or without BRAFV600E mutation, the highest frequency of GD was found in MSS CRC with BRAFV600E mutation.

Conclusions

EBV plays a role in CRC, but is not a determinant of different microsatellite status in CRC with BRAFV600E mutation. The frequency of GD in MSS CRC with BRAFV600E mutation is significantly higher than that in the general population.
VSIG2 promotes malignant progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by enhancing LAMTOR2-mediated mTOR activation
Authors: Xu Jichuan , Quan Gang , Huang Wei , Jiang Jianxin
Published: August 2023

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most intractable malignancies to overcome clinically due to its insidious onset as well as rapid progression. It is urgent to seek new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in order to furthest ameliorate the prognosis of patients with PDAC. V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 (VSIG2) belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), which function as coinhibitory molecule to mediate immune evasion of tumors. Nevertheless, the role of VSIG2 in PDAC and related mechanism still keep unclear.

Methods

Different expression of VSIG2 in PDAC tissues and cells were detected by bioinformatic analysis, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR as well as western blotting. CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell assay, and scratch experiment were utilized to assess proliferation, invasion and migration properties of PDAC cells. The relationship of VSIG2 with late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 2 (LAMTOR2) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) was identified using mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed for further pathway verification using western blotting. Additionally, subcutaneous xenograft tumor model and clinical samples analysis were implemented to further elucidate the oncogenic effect of VSIG2 on PDAC in vivo and clinically.

Results

VSIG2 was highly expressed in PDAC tissues and cells. Overexpression of VSIG2 facilitated the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of PDAC cells, while VSIG2-inhibition exerted opposite effects. Mechanistically, VSIG2 could simultaneously bind to LAMTOR2 and mTOR, thereby enhancing interaction between two molecules, which resulted in elevated phosphorylation-modificatory activation of mTOR and downstream key molecules. Clinically, up-regulation of VSIG2 was positively associated with advanced stage, overall survival and disease-free survival of PDAC patients.

Conclusions

Our study disclosed that VSIG2 was overexpressed in PDAC, which promoted the proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Mechanically, VSIG2 acted as a scaffold to recruit LAMTOR2 and mTOR simultaneously, stabilize the interaction between them, thus enhancing LAMTOR2-mediated mTOR phosphorylated activation. Collectively, VSIG2 could be exploited as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis monitor of PDAC in the future, meanwhile, targeting VSIG2 in PDAC management is expected to be a novel strategy. Video Abstract.
Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty in clinical practice: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Maffulli Nicola , Schäfer Luise , Schneider Jens , Nobili Andrea Maria , Kämmer Daniel , Michalak Milosch , Bell Andreas
Published: August 2023

Between 2 and 20% of patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) report restricted motion and anterior knee pain. Non-optimal alignment of the implant components is a common cause of such complaints. Robotic-assisted TKA has been advocated to improve the accuracy of component positioning to match patients’ anatomy and biomechanics. However, the advantages of robotic surgery over conventional freehand TKA are still unclear. The present study is a protocol for a single-blind clinical trial in which patients will be randomly allocated to undergo either robotic-assisted TKA or conventional freehand TKA. A restricted kinematic alignment with medial para-stellar approach shall be made in all patients. The present study follows the SPIRIT guidelines. The primary outcome of interest is to compare robotic TKA versus traditional freehand TKA in terms of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), length of hospitalisation, blood values, blood transfusion units, and range of motion. The second outcome of interest is to evaluate the accuracy of component positioning of robotic-assisted TKA compared to the conventional freehand TKA.

Level of evidence Level I, randomised controlled trial.

Registration German Registry of Clinical Trials (ID: DRKS00030614).
Patient-reported outcomes in Gaucher’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Feng Junchao , Gao Zhongchun , Shi Zhao , Wang Yue , Li Shunping
Published: August 2023

Background

Gaucher’s disease (GD), a rare condition, represents the most common lysosomal storage disorder. The cardinal manifestations of GD are fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bone pain, and bone infarction, thereby culminating in a marked deterioration of patients’ quality of life (QoL). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) offer valuable insights into the impact of GD on patients’ QoL and symptoms. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyze PROs and outcome measures in GD patients.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science Core Collections, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Wan Fang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using a mixed methods assessment tool.

Results

A total of 33 studies were identified, encompassing 24 distinct patient-reported outcome instruments, with the most frequently employed instrument being the SF-36. The study designs included eighteen cross-sectional studies, seven pre- and post-intervention investigations, three randomized controlled trials, two cohort studies, two qualitative inquiries, and one validation study. These studies explored diverse domains such as the QoL and cardinal symptoms (e.g., fatigue, pain, bleeding, cognition, social relationships, and psychological functioning) in patients with GD. Furthermore, significant attention was directed towards the appraisal of the therapeutic benefits of various interventions in patients with GD. A novel GD-specific instrument has also been developed, which has two applied versions: a 24-item variant for routine clinical monitoring and a 17-item form for use in clinical trials.

Conclusion

PROs have garnered increased attention and concern in the realm of GD. Despite this progress, it is noteworthy that the instruments used to measure PROs in GD are still predominantly generic instruments. While researchers have endeavored to develop and validate a disease-specific instrument, currently the use of this instrument is limited. Owing to several challenges, including the small number of patients, heterogeneity of the disease, and cross-regional discrepancies in study findings, GD poses substantial difficulties in the measurement of QoL and development of instruments. Consequently, patients with GD require more dependable measurement instruments that accurately reflect their QoL, efficacy of treatment, and facilitate healthcare decision-making.
Translation dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on ALS
Authors: Wang Shaopeng , Sun Shuying
Published: August 2023

RNA translation is tightly controlled in eukaryotic cells to regulate gene expression and maintain proteome homeostasis. RNA binding proteins, translation factors, and cell signaling pathways all modulate the translation process. Defective translation is involved in multiple neurological diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and poses a major public health challenge worldwide. Over the past few years, tremendous advances have been made in the understanding of the genetics and pathogenesis of ALS. Dysfunction of RNA metabolisms, including RNA translation, has been closely associated with ALS. Here, we first introduce the general mechanisms of translational regulation under physiological and stress conditions and review well-known examples of translation defects in neurodegenerative diseases. We then focus on ALS-linked genes and discuss the recent progress on how translation is affected by various mutant genes and the repeat expansion-mediated non-canonical translation in ALS.
Clinicopathological profile and management of thyroid carcinoma: a Sub-Saharan country experience
Authors: Elhassan Moawia Mohammed Ali , Gismalla Mohamed Dafalla Awadalla , Mohamed Sahar Abdelrahman Hamid , Faggad Areeg
Published: August 2023

Background

In Sudan, there is limited knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and pathological patterns of thyroid cancer. To address this shortcoming, we studied the clinical, pathological and treatment patterns of thyroid cancer at the National Cancer Institute ‒ University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Sudan.

Methods

We performed a retrospective health facility–based study of patients with thyroid cancer who were treated at NCI–UG from January 2009 to December 2017.

Results

A total of 139 patients with thyroid cancer were identified during the study period. Tumors were more common among women (69%). Goiter was the main presenting symptom (85%). The most common type of thyroid cancer was follicular carcinoma (41%), followed by papillary carcinoma (24%), then anaplastic carcinoma (20%). The mean age of the women was 56.3 years (SD ± 14.7), compared to 52.5 years (SD ± 16.6) for the men. The frequencies of stage I, II, III, and IV were 17%, 22%, 16%, and 45%, respectively. Different types of thyroidectomies were performed in 79% of the cases, lobectomy in 4%, and no surgery in 17%. Only 28% of the cases received radioactive iodine. Palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy were prescribed to 17% and 37% of the cases, respectively.

Conclusion

Thyroid cancer is more prevalent among women and most patients present at later stages. The dominance of follicular type suggests that the majority of this population is iodine-deficient.
Technology-assisted cognitive-behavior therapy delivered by peers versus standard cognitive behavior therapy delivered by community health workers for perinatal depression: study protocol of a cluster randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Rahman Atif , Malik Abid , Atif Najia , Nazir Huma , Zaidi Ahmed , Nisar Anum , Waqas Ahmed , Sharif Maria , Chen Tao , Wang Duolao , Sikander Siham
Published: August 2023

Background

The lack of trained mental health professionals is a key barrier to scale-up of evidence-based psychological interventions in low and middle-income countries. We have developed an app that allows a peer with no prior experience of health-care delivery to deliver the cognitive therapy-based intervention for perinatal depression, the Thinking Healthy Programme (THP). This trial aims to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this Technology-assisted peer-delivered THP versus standard face-to-face Thinking Healthy Programme delivered by trained health workers.

Methods

We will employ a non-inferiority stratified cluster randomized controlled trial design comparing the two formats of intervention delivery. A total of 980 women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy with a diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode, evaluated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V Disorders (SCID), will be recruited into the trial. The unit of randomization will be 70 village clusters randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention and control arms.

The primary outcome is defined as remission from major depressive episode at 3 months postnatal measured with the SCID. Data will also be collected on symptoms of anxiety, disability, quality of life, service use and costs, and infant-related outcomes such as exclusive breastfeeding and immunization rates. Data will be collected on the primary outcome and selected secondary outcomes (depression and anxiety scores, exclusive breastfeeding) at 6 months postnatal to evaluate if the improvements are sustained in the longer-term. We are especially interested in sustained improvement (recovery) from major depressive episode.

Discussion

This trial will evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a technology-assisted peer-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy-based intervention in rural Pakistan. If shown to be effective, the novel delivery format could play a role in reducing the treatment gap for perinatal depression and other common mental disorders in LMIC.

Trial registration

The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05353491) on 29 April 2022.
Extracellular matrix turnover biomarkers reflect pharmacodynamic effects and treatment response of adalimumab in patients with axial spondyloarthritis—results from two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Port Helena , Holm Nielsen Signe , Frederiksen Peder , Madsen Sofie Falkenløve , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Sørensen Inge Juul , Jensen Bente , Loft Anne Gitte , Madsen Ole Rintek , Østergaard Mikkel , Pedersen Susanne Juhl
Published: August 2023

Objective

To investigate if extracellular matrix (ECM) blood-based biomarkers reflect the pharmacodynamic effect and response to TNF-α inhibitor therapy (adalimumab, ADA), in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods

We investigated ECM biomarkers in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of axSpA patients (DANISH and ASIM,n = 52 andn = 49, respectively) receiving ADA 40 mg or placebo every other week for 12 and 6 weeks, respectively, and thereafter ADA to week 48. Serum concentrations of degraded type I (C1M), II (C2M, T2CM), III (C3M), IV (C4M), VI (C6M), type X (C10C) collagen; metabolite of C-reactive protein (CRPM), prolargin (PROM), citrullinated vimentin (VICM), calprotectin (CPa9-HNE); and formation of type II (PRO‑C2), III (PRO‑C3), and VI (PRO‑C6) turnover of type IV collagen (PRO-C4) were measured at baseline and weeks 6 or 12, 24, and 48. The pharmacodynamic effect and treatment response to ADA was evaluated by linear mixed models, and correlations between biomarkers and clinical scores were assessed by Spearman’s correlation.

Results

C1M, C3M, C4M, C6M, CRP, PRO-C4, and CPa9-HNE levels declined after 6 or 12 weeks in patients receiving ADA compared to placebo (allp < 0.05). Patients with AS Disease Activity Score C-reactive protein (ASDAS CRP) major improvement and/or clinically important improvement had significantly higher C1M, C3M, C4M, C6M, and PRO-C4 levels than patients with no/low improvement at baseline (allp < 0.05). Baseline levels of biomarkers showed weak to moderate correlations with ASDAS and structural damage scores.

Conclusion

ECM metabolites showed a pharmacodynamic effect and were associated with ASDAS response during TNF-α inhibitor treatment in patients with axSpA.
Phylogenetic placement of Ceratophyllum submersum based on a complete plastome sequence derived from nanopore long read sequencing data
Authors: Meckoni Samuel Nestor , Nass Benneth , Pucker Boas
Published: August 2023

Objective

Eutrophication poses a mounting concern in today’s world. Ceratophyllum submersum L. is one of many plants capable of living in eutrophic conditions, therefore it could play a critical role in addressing the problem of eutrophication. This study aimed to take a first genomic look at C. submersum.

Results

Sequencing of gDNA from C. submersum yielded enough reads to assemble a plastome. Subsequent annotation and phylogenetic analysis validated existing information regarding angiosperm relationships and the positioning of Ceratophylalles in a wider phylogenetic context.
The importance of terminology, lived experience inclusion and scientific discussion regarding end-of-life care in anorexia nervosa: a response to Gaudiani et al.
Authors: Phillipou Andrea
Published: August 2023

Whether or not to define ‘terminal anorexia nervosa’ has been a hotly debated topic in the eating disorders field recently. Being able to have open scientific debate on important topics such as this is essential for the progress of our field—but needs to be undertaken respectfully, allowing all perspectives to be heard. My personal perspective on this topic comes from being a researcher who sees individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) across all stages of illness and recovery, as well as having had a loved one die from AN. Although I disagree with the terminology of ‘terminal AN’ and believe that establishing criteria has the potential to cause harm, I strongly believe in showing compassion to individuals with AN across all illness stages, including those who may wish to seek end-of-life care. This is a complex issue that our field requires guidance on, and we need to work in genuine collaboration with individuals with lived experience of AN to figure out how to appropriately approach end-of-life care when it is warranted.
Attachment style and post-bariatric surgery health behaviours: the mediating role of self-esteem and health self-efficacy
Authors: Pyykkö Johanna Eveliina , Hinnen Chris , Aydin Ömrüm , Nieuwdorp Max , De Brauw L. Maurits , Bruin Sjoerd C. , van Olst Nienke , Gerdes Victor E. A. , Sanderman Robbert , Hagedoorn Mariët
Published: August 2023

Background

Attachment avoidance and anxiety have been linked to overweight and poor health behaviours, yet the mechanisms that underpin the relationship between attachment and health behaviours are not fully understood. Self-esteem and self-efficacy have been found to differ between attachment styles, rendering these variables potential mediators of the relationship. This longitudinal study investigated the serial mediation between preoperative attachment and 2-year post-operative health behaviours through self-esteem and health self-efficacy.

Methods

Participants were 263 bariatric surgery patients (75.7% females, aged 47.7 ± 10.4 years, BMI 38.9 ± 3.6 kg/m2) assessed before the operation and again one and two years after the surgery. Patients completed the Experiences for Close Relationships Brief Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem scale, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, Bariatric Surgery Self-Management Questionnaire, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and the Exercise Behaviour Scale.

Results

Higher preoperative attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with lower self-esteem one year after bariatric surgery and poorer health self-efficacy two years after the surgery. Self-esteem and health self-efficacy mediated the relationships between preoperative anxious and avoidant attachment and 2- year post-operative diet adherence and physical activity.

Conclusions

Helping patients to feel more worthy and reinforcing their beliefs about their own competences could lead to higher engagement with healthy lifestyle and adherence to treatment protocols, ultimately helping patients to achieve their goals for bariatric surgery.

Clinical trial registration

BARIA: Netherlands Trial Register: NL5837 (NTR5992) https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/5837. Diabaria: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03330756.
L-DOPA induces iron accumulation in roots of Ipomoea aquatica and Arabidopsis thaliana in a pH-dependent manner
Authors: Hsieh En-Jung , Liao Siao-Wei , Chang Ching-Yuan , Tseng Chu-Han , Wang Shan-Li , Grillet Louis
Published: August 2023

Background

Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia worldwide, particularly in countries with predominant plant-based diets. Plants constitute the main source of dietary iron. Increasing their iron concentration could reduce the occurrence of anemia. The water spinach Ipomoea aquatica is consumed as a vegetable throughout Asia and tolerates high iron concentrations making it an attractive candidate for iron biofortification. L-DOPA is an allelopathic molecule secreted by some legumes. L-DOPA can trigger the expression of Fe deficiency-inducible genes, and could potentially be used as a biostimulant to increase Fe concentration.

Results

L-DOPA significantly affected root growth of water spinach, and triggered a massive accumulation of Fe in roots. Both effects were exacerbated when L-DOPA was dissolved in KOH, which is surprising given that L-DOPA is less stable at high pH. To check whether a higher pH could indeed increase the bioactivity of L-DOPA, we used Arabidopsis thaliana, which grows at lower pH than water spinach, and subjected the plants to L-DOPA treatments at pH 5.5 and pH 6.0, which are both within the optimal range for Arabidopsis nutrition. At pH 6.0, the root growth of Arabidopsis was more strongly inhibited than at pH 5.5. We found that at higher pH, L-DOPA oxidizes to form a melanin precipitate.

Conclusions

We concluded that the oxidation of L-DOPA that we observed upon solubilization in KOH, or in nutrient solutions at slightly higher pH produces melanin-related molecules that are more potent than L-DOPA itself to trigger the primary root growth inhibition, Fe uptake and root Fe accumulation in water spinach and Arabidopsis.
Tidal asymmetry and transition in the Singapore Strait revealed by GNSS interferometric reflectometry
Authors: Peng Dongju , Soon Kit Ying , Khoo Victor H. S. , Mulder Evert , Wong Poh Weng , Hill Emma M.
Published: August 2023

The Singapore Strait is located at the transition between the dominantly semidiurnal Indian Ocean and the mixed-to-diurnal South China Sea, resulting in complex tidal dynamics. In this work, we use sea-level estimates from two coastal Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations and one tide gauge to study tides and tidal asymmetry in the Strait. We first generate sea-level measurements from GNSS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data using the GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry technique, which can estimate sea-surface heights from a coastal GNSS station. Second, we perform tidal harmonic analysis and quantify tidal asymmetry based on the skewness method. Finally, we examine seasonal sea-level changes in the Strait from GNSS SNR data, tide-gauge records and satellite altimetry. Our results reveal an increase in M2 and S2 amplitudes toward the west of the Strait and a decrease in the K1 and O1 amplitudes. Our results also show that tides at the two sites in the east are ebb dominant with asymmetry originating from the O1–K1–M2 triad by astronomical forcing, whereas tidal asymmetry at the site in the west is flood dominant and mainly caused by non-linear interaction of the major tidal constituents. Analysis of seasonal sea-level changes shows that annual amplitudes in the east are around 13.6 cm, and 6.7 cm in the west. A possible explanation for the discrepancy in the amplitudes is the effect of seasonal monsoon winds flowing from the South China Sea.
Lattice modulation strategies for 2D material assisted epitaxial growth
Authors: Chen Qi , Yang Kailai , Liang Meng , Kang Junjie , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: August 2023

As an emerging single crystals growth technique, the 2D-material-assisted epitaxy shows excellent advantages in flexible and transferable structure fabrication, dissimilar materials integration, and matter assembly, which offers opportunities for novel optoelectronics and electronics development and opens a pathway for the next-generation integrated system fabrication. Studying and understanding the lattice modulation mechanism in 2D-material-assisted epitaxy could greatly benefit its practical application and further development. In this review, we overview the tremendous experimental and theoretical findings in varied 2D-material-assisted epitaxy. The lattice guidance mechanism and corresponding epitaxial relationship construction strategy in remote epitaxy, van der Waals epitaxy, and quasi van der Waals epitaxy are discussed, respectively. Besides, the possible application scenarios and future development directions of 2D-material-assisted epitaxy are also given. We believe the discussions and perspectives exhibited here could help to provide insight into the essence of the 2D-material-assisted epitaxy and motivate novel structure design and offer solutions to heterogeneous integration via the 2D-material-assisted epitaxy method.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluating the effect of prebiotics on the gut microbiome profile and β cell function in youth with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ismail Heba M. , Spall Maria , Evans-Molina Carmella , DiMeglio Linda A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Data show that disturbances in the gut microbiota play a role in glucose homeostasis, type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and progression. The prebiotic high amylose maize starch (HAMS) alters the gut microbiome profile and metabolites favorably with an increase in bacteria producing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that have significant anti-inflammatory effects. HAMS also improves glycemia, insulin sensitivity, and secretion in healthy non-diabetic adults. Additionally, a recent study testing an acetylated and butyrylated form of HAMS (HAMS-AB) that further increases SCFA production prevented T1D in a rodent model without adverse safety effects. The overall objective of this human study will be to assess how daily HAMS-AB consumption impacts the gut microbiome profile, SCFA production, β cell heath, function, and glycemia as well as immune responses in newly diagnosed T1D youth.

Methods and analysis

We hypothesize that HAMS-AB intake will improve the gut microbiome profile, increase SCFA production, improve β cell health, function and glycemia as well as modulate the immune system. We describe here a pilot, randomized crossover trial of HAMS-AB in 12 newly diagnosed T1D youth, ages 11–17 years old, with residual β cell function. In Aim 1, we will determine the effect of HAMS-AB on the gut microbiome profile and SCFA production; in Aim 2, we will determine the effect of HAMS-AB on β cell health, function and glycemia; and in Aim 3, we will determine the peripheral blood effect of HAMS-AB on frequency, phenotype and function of specific T cell markers. Results will be used to determine the effect-size estimate of using HAMS-AB. We anticipate beneficial effects from a simple, inexpensive, and safe dietary approach.

Ethics and dissemination

The Institutional Review Board at Indiana University approved the study protocol. The findings of this trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed pediatric journal. Abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international conferences.

Trial registration

NCT04114357; Pre-results.
Using the RE-AIM framework to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of a WHO HEARTS-based intervention to integrate the management of hypertension into HIV care in Uganda: a process evaluation
Authors: Muddu Martin , Semitala Fred Collins , Kimera Isaac Derick , Musimbaggo Douglas Joseph , Mbuliro Mary , Ssennyonjo Rebecca , Kigozi Simon Peter , Katwesigye Rodgers , Ayebare Florence , Namugenyi Christabellah , Mugabe Frank , Mutungi Gerald , Longenecker Chris T. , Katahoire Anne R. , Schwartz Jeremy I. , Ssinabulya Isaac
Published: August 2023

Background

World Health Organization (WHO) HEARTS packages are increasingly used to control hypertension. However, their feasibility in persons living with HIV (PLHIV) is unknown. We studied the effectiveness and implementation of a WHO HEARTS intervention to integrate the management of hypertension into HIV care.

Methods

This was a mixed methods study at Uganda’s largest HIV clinic. Components of the adapted WHO HEARTS intervention were lifestyle counseling, free hypertension medications, hypertension treatment protocol, task shifting, and monitoring tools. We determined the effectiveness of the intervention among PLHIV by comparing hypertension and HIV outcomes at baseline and 21 months. The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate the implementation outcomes of the intervention at 21 months. We conducted four focus group discussions with PLHIV (n = 42), in-depth interviews with PLHIV (n = 9), healthcare providers (n = 15), and Ministry of Health (MoH) policymakers (n = 2).

Results

Reach: Among the 15,953 adult PLHIV in the clinic, of whom 3892 (24%) had been diagnosed with hypertension, 1133(29%) initiated integrated hypertension-HIV treatment compared to 39 (1%) at baseline. Among the enrolled patients, the mean age was 51.5 ± 9.7 years and 679 (62.6%) were female. Effectiveness: Among the treated patients, hypertension control improved from 9 to 72% (p < 0.001), mean systolic blood pressure (BP) from 153.2 ± 21.4 to 129.2 ± 15.2 mmHg (p < 0.001), and mean diastolic BP from 98.5 ± 13.5 to 85.1 ± 9.7 mmHg (p < 0.001). Overall, 1087 (95.9%) of patients were retained by month 21. HIV viral suppression remained high, 99.3 to 99.5% (p = 0.694). Patients who received integrated hypertension-HIV care felt healthy and saved more money. Adoption: All 48 (100%) healthcare providers in the clinic were trained and adopted the intervention. Training healthcare providers on WHO HEARTS, task shifting, and synchronizing clinic appointments for hypertension and HIV promoted adoption. Implementation: WHO HEARTS intervention was feasible and implemented with fidelity. Maintenance: Leveraging HIV program resources and adopting WHO HEARTS protocols into national guidelines will promote sustainability.

Conclusions

The WHO HEARTS intervention promoted the integration of hypertension management into HIV care in the real-world setting. It was acceptable, feasible, and effective in controlling hypertension and maintaining optimal viral suppression among PLHIV. Integrating this intervention into national guidelines will promote sustainability.
Heritage impact assessment of Adi Ganga Kalighat, Kolkata, India, towards SDG 11.4 and 8.9 for urban heritage
Authors: Chakraborty Shilpi , Ji Shiva
Published: August 2023

This study addresses the complex issue of preserving the historic fabric and cultural assets while promoting sustainable development in urban areas, focusing on the Adi Ganga River in Kolkata, India. The problem arises due to the encroachment and poor maintenance of historical sites. The research questions aim to assess the protection of Adi Ganga River's historic fabric and enhance heritage preservation in line with UN SDGs 11.4 and 8.9, emphasizing cultural conservation and sustainable tourism supporting regional heritage and livelihoods. The study utilizes Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) to evaluate the protection of Adi Ganga River’s historic fabric and enhance heritage preservation in line with sustainable development goals. It provides an impact assessment matrix for mitigating the adverse impact of development projects on cultural heritage sites and reveals 25 critical development indicators. HIA is an effective tool for preserving cultural heritage assets and achieving sustainable development goals. Incorporating HIA into the Environmental Impact Assessment structure can create an organized and transparent process for assessing the ecological implications of development projects on cultural heritage sites. The findings emphasize the significance of sustainable HIA for preserving tangible/intangible heritage, promoting tourism and employment, and balancing sustainability and culture in sustainable development. This research holds significance as it emphasizes the importance of cultural heritage in fostering sustainable development and aligning with UN SDGs. Policymakers should consider incorporating sustainable HIA in decision-making to balance sustainability and culture.
Extracting crucial microstructures to characterize the elastic wave velocity and resistivity of Berea sandstone using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Sawayama Kazuki , Tsuji Takeshi , Shige Koki
Published: August 2023

To reveal the internal structure of the earth, rock physical models are insightful for interpreting geophysical observation data and are often used for estimating subsurface structures. However, as the estimated value of each model significantly depends on the assumed microstructure, the obtained subsurface structure may be biased. Despite the innovations of high-resolution imaging technologies and their application to digital rock physics (DRP) and machine learning (ML), the characteristic microstructure controlling rock physical properties remains unclear. We apply ML and extraction of regression activation mapping (RAM) and learned filters to visualize the characteristic microstructure underlying the elastic and electrical properties of rock (P-wave velocity [Formula: see text], S-wave velocity [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio, and electrical resistivity). This regression task is implemented using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that are trained on these properties and calculated with the DRP approach using Berea sandstone images as samples. Although the calculated geophysical properties show perturbations even among digital rocks that have the same porosity, the results predicted using the best-performing CNN model exhibit a relative error of 2%–7% with respect to elastic properties. The visualized RAM revealed that the machine focuses on larger grains for predicting P-wave and S-wave velocities, whereas their ratio ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]) takes into account the pore space. In contrast, electrical properties consider grain edges and surrounding pores, which may be related to the tortuosity of the pore space. Moreover, filter visualizations demonstrated that the geometric characteristics of Berea sandstone could be representative of circular or elliptical shapes for determining elastic properties, whereas tube-like shapes were extracted for electrical resistivity. These findings shed new light on the crucial internal structures used for defining each rock property.
Distress Thermometer Score Is Useful For Predicting Suicidal Ideation in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Thapa Sudip , Sharma Susmita , Shrestha Sudip , Ghimire Bijesh Raj , Dahal Sanuja , Maharjan Rubina , Thapa Sadiksha , Koirala Rishav
Published: August 2023

A Distress Thermometer with a cutoff score of ≥4 is a very short tool that can be useful for predicting suicidal ideation in patients with cancer. Patients with high DT scores and psychosocial problems need to be routinely screened to prevent the suicidal risk.
Discussions About Goals of Care and Advance Care Planning Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer Approaching the End of Life
Authors: Mack Jennifer W. , Cernik Colin , Uno Hajime , Xu Lanfang , Laurent Cecile A. , Fisher Lauren , Cannizzaro Nancy , Munneke Julie , Cooper Robert M. , Lakin Joshua R. , Schwartz Corey M. , Casperson Mallory , Altschuler Andrea , Wiener Lori , Kushi Lawrence , Chao Chun R.
Published: August 2023

AYAs with cancer who have early goals-of-care discussions receive less-intensive care at life’s end.
Reevaluating First-line Therapies in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chung Stephanie T , Davis Faith , Patel Tejal , Mabundo Lilian , Estrada Doris E
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes is growing worldwide and current first-line treatment with metformin and intensive behavior and lifestyle changes are suboptimal in over 50% of youth within 2 years of diagnosis. This perspective article is a call to action for reevaluation of existing strategies and critical appraisal of metformin as first-line therapy in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Increased attention should be given to novel therapeutics approved in youth, including glucagon-like 1 receptor agonists, sodium glucose cotransporter-2, and sociocultural interventions that will promote diabetes self-management.
Effect of Pregnancy and Menopause on Micropapillary Thyroid Carcinomas During Active Surveillance
Authors: Ghirri Arianna , Campopiano Maria Cristina , Prete Alessandro , Matrone Antonio , Gambale Carla , Piaggi Paolo , Rago Teresa , Scutari Maria , Elisei Rossella , Molinaro Eleonora
Published: August 2023

Background

The effect of estrogen and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin on micropapillary thyroid carcinoma (mPTC) is not defined. Pregnancy and menopause could represent critical moments during active surveillance (AS) for women with mPTC.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of either pregnancy or menopause on growth of mPTCs on AS.

Patients and Methods

Women with mPTC on AS who became pregnant or underwent menopause during AS were evaluated in this retrospective observational study. The primary outcome was disease progression according to the AS protocol. The secondary outcome was the shrinkage of mPTCs. We compared the menopause group of patients with 2 unmatched control groups: (1) the pre-menopause group of patients on AS who had not experienced menopause yet and (2) the post-menopause group of patients who started AS while already in menopause.

Results

Five patients who became pregnant and 9 who underwent menopause during AS were enrolled. No patient from either group had a disease progression, and all pregnant patients showed stable disease after pregnancy. Four patients of the menopause group (44%) experienced mPTC shrinkage. The percentage of patients with mPTC shrinkage was significantly higher in the menopause group than in the 2 control groups.

Conclusions

mPTC AS appears to be safe and feasible in patients who become pregnant or undergo menopause during surveillance. Our data suggest a possible association between menopause and mPTC shrinkage during AS.
Designing Strategy for High Refractive Index Polymers: From the Molecular Level to Bulk Structure Control
Authors: Watanabe Seigo , Oyaizu Kenichi
Published: August 2023

High refractive index polymers (HRIPs) are essential materials for many optical applications, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), charge-coupled devices (CCDs), complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS), eyeglasses, and optical waveguides. Various molecular designs, synthetic routes, and material preparation methods have been reported to increase the refractive index (RI) of polymers; however, increasing the RI using only organic (and classical) components is difficult. Other properties, such as low or high Abbe numbers (RI dispersion), low birefringence, and high transparency, are also required for HRIPs depending on the intended wavelength usage, which ranges from visible to infrared (IR) light and X-ray applications. This review summarizes the recent developments in HRIPs, including their synthesis, properties, and applications, and provides future prospects for achieving HRIPs with the desired performances.
Implementation Fidelity of a Cybercycling Curriculum among Children with Behavioral Health Disorders
Authors: Bowling April B. , Slavet James D. , Garcia Jeanette M. , Wood Brian J. , Miller Daniel P. , Hermesch Robert M. , Kow Richard Z. , Newlan Sami A. , Davison Kirsten K.
Published: August 2023

Despite the physical, cognitive, and psychological health benefits associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), children with behavioral health disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and oppositional defiant disorder tend to display very low levels of MVPA. Given that community physical activity programs generally do not cater to children with behavioral health disorders, special education and therapeutic school settings are particularly important environments in which to test MVPA programs in this underserved population. Manville Moves is a 7-wk cybercycling intervention designed specifically for children with behavioral health disorders, including social, emotional, and behavioral disabilities. The program was integrated into school physical education (PE) programming in a therapeutic day school and evaluated over one school year. Guided by Carroll et al.'s framework of implementation fidelity, this mixed methods study documents the implementation fidelity of, including student engagement in, Manville Moves. Manville Moves was implemented with high fidelity and engaged all enrolled children (N = 103). Nearly 90% of sessions were implemented as planned. Students met almost all riding intensity and duration targets; participants averaged 100.5 min of riding and 76% of maximum HR over the course of the intervention. Staff reported low levels of burden, and student refusals were extremely rare. In addition, most students demonstrated high levels of engagement, with the awards, prizes, and video gaming mode all identified as critical motivators. In conclusion, beyond demonstrating that a cybercycling PE curriculum is feasible and can engage students with behavioral health challenges, this study identified several lessons learned that could benefit future implementations of the program.
The Impact of Fitness on Surgical Outcomes: The Case for Prehabilitation
Authors: Myers Jonathan N. , Fonda Holly
Published: August 2023

In recent years, a growing body of research has demonstrated that an individual’s fitness level is a strong and independent marker of risk for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. In addition, modest improvements in fitness through exercise intervention have been associated with considerable health outcome benefits. These studies have generally assessed fitness as a baseline marker in traditional epidemiological cohorts. However, there has been a recent recognition that fitness powerfully predicts outcomes associated with a wide range of surgical interventions. The concept of "prehabilitation" is based on the principle that patients with higher functional capability will better tolerate a surgical intervention, and studies have shown that patients with higher fitness have reduced postoperative complications and demonstrate better functional, psychosocial, and surgery-related outcomes. This review focuses on the impact of fitness on surgical outcomes and provides a rationale in support of routine application of prehabilitation in the management of patients undergoing surgery.
From a Vital Sign to Vitality: Selling Exercise So Patients Want to Buy It
Authors: Segar Michelle L. , Guérin Eva , Phillips Edward , Fortier Michelle
Published: August 2023

Exercise is Medicine® (EIM) and physical activity as a vital sign are based on health-focused research and reflect ideal frames and messages for clinicians. However, they are nonoptimal for patients because they do not address what drives patients’ decision-making and motivation. With the growing national emphasis on patient-centered and value-based care, it is the perfect time for EIM to evolve and advance a second-level consumer-oriented exercise prescription and communication strategy. Through research on decision-making, motivation, consumer behavior, and meaningful goal pursuit, this article features six evidence-based issues to help clinicians make physical activity more relevant and compelling for patients to sustain in ways that concurrently support patient-centered care. Physical activity prescriptions and counseling can evolve to reflect affective and behavioral science and sell exercise so patients want to buy it.