bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong motion PGA prediction for southwestern China from small earthquake records
Authors: Tao Zhengru , Tao Xiaxin , Cui Anping
Published: May 2016

Abstract. For regions without enough strong ground motion records, a seismology-based method is adopted to predict motion PGA (peak ground acceleration) values on rock sites with parameters from small earthquake data, recorded by regional broadband digital monitoring networks. Sichuan and Yunnan regions in southwestern China are selected for this case study. Five regional parameters of source spectrum and attenuation are acquired from a joint inversion by the micro-genetic algorithm. PGAs are predicted for earthquakes with moment magnitude (Mw) 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 respectively and a series of distances. The result is compared with limited regional strong motion data in the corresponding interval Mw ± 0.5. Most of the results ideally pass through the data clusters, except the case of Mw7.0 in the Sichuan region, which shows an obvious slow attenuation due to a lack of observed data from larger earthquakes (Mw ≥  7.0). For further application, the parameters are adopted in strong motion synthesis at two near-fault stations during the great Wenchuan Earthquake M8.0 in 2008.
Role of Nature in Creation of Iranian Myths
Authors: Dadvar Abolghasem , Rouzbahani Roya
Published: May 2016

Nature has always been an important element of myths and religions and had a different standing within ideologies. Because various factors have been involved in creation of myths, this research aims to clarify the role of nature in creation of Iranian myths. Generally, the structure of Iranian myth is a kind of belief in duality of nature, in human and in the conflict forces existing in the world which best are expressed in the continued conflict between good and evil forces. Iran is a country with varied natural geography and can be called the land of great conflicts, so this paper aims to investigate the role of nature in the creation of Iranian myths and determine the effective natural and mythological forces. Data gathered by the documentary method and the research was performed by a descriptive, adaptive and analysis method. According to the results, this research concludes that natural elements play a significant role in the Iranian myth.

llected through library-field. The subjects in this study consist of Payame Noor University staff of Hormozgan province.

 

In this study, 54 staff of Bandar Abbas Payame Noor University were selected through random sampling. After gathering the required data through knowledge management questionnaire, knowledge management processes were measured based on the five dimensions such as the capture of knowledge, acquisition of knowledge, transmission of knowledge, creation of knowledge and application of knowledge. In order to provide for the reliability of the questionaire cronbachs alpha was used. In order to check the significance of the difference between responses descriptive and inferential statistics such as regression, one way anova and t test were run using SPSS version 20. The result show that the staff means score of knowledge management was 76/66±20/48. The result shows that there was a significant relationship between social capital and knowledge management. Also there was a significant relationship between social capital and the five components of knowledge management such as capture of knowledge, acquisition of knowledge, transmission of knowledge, creation of knowledge and application of knowledge. Also there was a significant relationship between human capital and the component of knowledge management.
The Effectiveness of Play Therapy on Reduction of the Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children
Authors: Zakershoshtari Maryam , Dasht Bozorgi Zahra
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy on reduction of the symptoms of attention defect hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children of Ahvaz, Iran. To this end, 20 children with ADHA were selected using the available sampling method using the quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest and were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups were evaluated using the Conners' scale as the pretest and posttest and the treatment group received play therapy for eight sessions. For data analysis, factorial ANCOVA was used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test in the two groups. Follow-up study also showed the lasting effect of the independent variable.
The Effects of Translation Shifts on The Readability in Translation of Children’s Literature
Authors: Ghoreishi Seyyed Mohammad Hossein , Aminzadeh Sirwan
Published: May 2016

This study examines the effects of translation shifts on the level of readability in translating children’s literature. It conducts this study on three Persian translations of “Alice’s Adventures in the Wonderland” to rank Catford’s shifts based on their effects on the readability of translation. To do that, in this study, the typology of Catford’s shifts will be extended, and the way to measure text readability will be modulated to include the effects of these shifts on the translation readability.

Thus, Ranking 14 types of shifts, the study reveals that complex shifts (represented as clauses and groups in the texts) are more effective than simple shifts (which are symbolized as single word -nouns and adjective, determiners- in the text) on the readability of translations. This means the complex shifts are more recognizable for children. Of course, verbs, although are mostly the representatives of simple shifts, are very effective on readability of text. Since, they, along with clause and group segments, are will recognizable for them. Therefore children cannot determine the place of single words in the text, but are expert in realizing word clusters in form of clauses and groups.
1066 and All That: E. A. Freeman and the Importance of Being Memorable
Authors: Bremner G. A. , Conlin Jonathan
Published: May 2016

This introductory essay outlines the early life and career of Edward Augustus Freeman, setting the context for the subject-specific essays that follow. It discusses the influences that shaped Freeman’s worldview and argues for a closer reading of his contributions to key debates of the late Victorian period. Because of his attitude towards race, in particular his insistence on ‘Teutonic’ superiority, Freeman has often been written off or misunderstood. It is true that in light of social developments today many of his views are unpalatable, but he was not unusual for his time, and was seen by both his allies and adversaries as a prime interlocutor on issues ranging from architecture, politics, and historical method, to foxhunting and vivisection. Unsavoury many of his views may have been, but ill-considered they were not. Ultimately we are asked to reconsider Freeman’s importance and reputation in the whole as an intelligent, fiercely independent, and above all fearless contributor to the world of Victorian cultural politics.
‘Edward Semper Augustus’: E. A. Freeman on Rome, the Papacy, and the Unity of History1
Authors: Siochrú Colm Ó
Published: May 2016

This essay explores E. A. Freeman’s conception of the ‘unity of history’. Often presented in ‘Whiggish’ and secular terms, as the development of Roman imperialism into Teutonic liberty and nationality, this idea had deep religious roots and significances. Modernity, for Freeman, evolved in creative ‘continuity’ with Rome; but he considered that legacy contested by rival forms of Catholic Christianity – the papal-Roman, and the Orthodox-Anglican. From the emergence of this tension in Freeman’s youthful notions of the Church, history, and liberty, the essay charts a deepening aversion to ‘ultramontanism’, conceived as an integral programme of papal oppression – ecclesiastical, political, and scientific. The fall of papal Rome to the liberal-national campaign for Italian unification (1870) should have meant the vindication of Freeman’s liberal Catholic vision. The ambivalence marking his response, however, suggested his deepening anxieties concerning the future of modernity’s Christian order.
An Erastian Descent: History and Establishment in the Thought of Arthur Penrhyn Stanley and E. A. Freeman
Authors: Ledger-Lomas Michael
Published: May 2016

E. A. Freeman’s distaste for Erastianism, his contempt for Whigs, and his equivocal interventions in debates on disestablishment and disendowment are well-attested. Yet the career of Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (1815–81) reveals that Whig liberalism remained a historiographical force in Freeman’s time. Although Stanley was dismissed by Freeman as a slapdash historian, as dean of Westminster Abbey (1864–81) Stanley developed a vision of historical scholarship that could support an Erastian defence of established churches. Stanley curated the Abbey to show how the established church had been interwoven with the national past. There and elsewhere in Britain, he sought to pacify Nonconformist advocates of disestablishment by remembering their heroes as national not sectarian figures. This essay surveys Stanley’s energetic involvement in controversies over disestablishment and contrasts it with Freeman’s scholarly detachment, concluding that despite the differences between them, neither historian made much impact on Nonconformist minds.
Past History and Present Politics: E. A. Freeman and the Eastern Question
Authors: Kelley William
Published: May 2016

While E. A. Freeman’s History of the Norman Conquest has tended to monopolise the attention of historians of historiography, this essay argues that the Eastern Question occupies a central place in his historical thought. Freeman was an ardent and influential contributor to debates on the Eastern Question, which he construed as an historical problem. In works such as his four-volume History of Sicily, his Chief Periods of European History, his third series of Historical Essays and his monographs History and Conquest of the Saracens and The Ottoman Power in Europe, Freeman elaborated a conception of universal history to which the Eastern Question was central. Freeman’s prominent role in the Bulgarian Agitation of 1876 must be seen in the context of this deeply historical engagement with the Eastern Question.
E. A. Freeman and His History of the Norman Conquest
Authors: Green Judith A.
Published: May 2016

E. A. Freeman’s History of the Norman Conquest was the work which he hoped would cement his academic standing and, at the time it was begun, finally secure a chair at Oxford. The work was initially conceived as a single volume which grew to five and an index volume. It exhibits both Freeman’s strengths and weaknesses: on the one hand his knowledge of the printed sources and topography of the sites discussed and, on the other, his stress on the Teutonic descent of the English, his over-readiness to see the present in the past, his narrow focus on political and constitutional history, and his overblown language. This essay explores the work in the context in which it was written, and its place in the historiography of the Norman Conquest.
Fanatical Hatred or Brotherly Love? Rethinking E. A. Freeman’s Feud with J. A. Froude
Authors: Hesketh Ian
Published: May 2016

When J. A. Froude published his articles on Thomas Becket in the Nineteenth Century (1877), he found himself attacked again by his nemesis E. A. Freeman, who published a 100-page review, concluding that Froude’s history of Becket was in fact a fiction. It has been argued that such criticisms were motivated by the professionalising historian’s need to exclude the literary and artistic Froude from a discipline seeking to promote its newly adopted scientific methodology. But the nature of Freeman’s review of Froude’s ‘Becket’ suggests that there was something deeply personal at the core of Freeman’s vitriol, originating not in a methodological dispute but rather in ecclesiastical debates that embroiled Oxford life while both Froude and Freeman were students and later fellows there almost 30 years before, when a very different history of Becket was first published.
Counter-Terrorism in the Post-9/11 Era
Authors: Singh Rashmi
Published: May 2016

This chapter assesses the US-led counter-terrorism response to the September 2001 attacks on the American homeland in order to gauge the successes and failures of the Global War on Terror. It concludes that successes against transnational terrorist threats, as represented by al-Qaida and its affiliates, have been few and far between. Instead, the past decade has been marked by a failure to meet set goals for a number of reasons, including but not limited to: the shifting character of war, the unintended fallouts of the counter-terrorism policies adopted, and an inadvertent strengthening of al-Qaida’s material and ideological capabilities through the US macro-securitisation of the Global War on Terror–all of which point to the absence of a long-term strategic vision. However, our counter-terrorism failures hold crucial lessons for the future and the chapter concludes by outlining how they can enable us to translate our past failures into future successes.
What Should be the Limits of Western Counter-Terrorism Policy?
Authors: Omand David
Published: May 2016

How governments understand and thus come to conceptualise and explain current and future threats and the calibration of their response across all the levers open to government at home and abroad is seen as key to sound strategy. The prevailing approach to domestic security planning after 9/11 as part of the British counter-terrorism strategy, CONTEST, is seen as heavily influenced by the growing application of risk management as a planning tool in government generally and is contrasted with the US approach. The influence of unrelated external events, including the revelations of Edward Snowden, is examined as a factor disturbing the domestic calculus of the ‘thermodynamics’ of counter-terrorism: how the government can best exercise its primary duty to protect the public in the face of a severe terrorist threat and yet maintain civic harmony and uphold democratic values and the rule of law at home and internationally. This chapter argues that the overall challenge for the future is to maintain public confidence that it is possible for government having absorbed such lessons to discharge its responsibilities for public safety and security whilst behaving ethically in accordance with modern views of human rights, including personal privacy, in a world where deference to authority and automatic acceptance of the confidentiality of government business no longer holds sway.
No Golden Age
Authors: Gearty Conor
Published: May 2016

From the moment of their emergence, democracies everywhere have been alive to the importance of their survival. This institutionalised anxiety has meant that radical critiques of power differentials and wealth-inequality (which survive in all democracies) have been vulnerable to being cast as challenges not to injustice but to the integrity of democracy itself. This is the deep root of counter-terrorism law today, now not applied to a plausible threat from the radical left but rather to extreme criminal acts which, however heinous, do not directly challenge the state. As inequality in democracies grows and opportunities for orthodox political change are reduced by the increasing power of money, so old style anti-radical laws are increasingly combined with contemporary terrorism laws to stifle extra-parliamentary dissent. This takes place through the deployment of political and legal devices the effect of which is to allow the continued appearance of democracy while reducing its egalitarian impact in practice.
Secrets and Lies
Authors: Guelke Adrian
Published: May 2016

The response of Western governments to the threat posed by mass-casualty terrorism has resulted in a widening gulf between their theory and practice of counter-terrorism and their proclaimed commitment to the maintenance of fundamental human rights. A shocking picture has emerged of wrongdoing perpetrated under the broad terms of counter-terrorist measures adopted since 9/11. This chapter seeks to explain this outcome, especially in the light of the episodic and limited nature of attacks by jihadis on Western societies since 2001. It also examines how President Barack Obama has grappled with the argument that some of the measures designed to protect the public from terrorism pose a threat to constitutional government and to the rule of law. It notes that his readiness to accept that such dangers do indeed exist has been exceptional among Western political leaders and that reliance on secrecy, misinformation, and denial has been the norm.
How and Why Do Terrorist Campaigns End?
Authors: Cronin Audrey Kurth
Published: May 2016

In order to assess terrorist groups within a broad historical and strategic framework, it is vital to assess how and why terrorist campaigns end. Moreover, if effective counter-terrorism is to be developed, then serious reflection is required regarding what happens during the final phase of terrorist campaigns, and why. This chapter therefore: first, analyses four classic strategies of terrorism and considers why Western democracies have particular difficulty responding to them; second, it reviews six historical patterns of endings for terrorist organisations that have emerged from scholarly research on hundreds of groups; third, it assesses (in light of these six patterns) which counter-terrorism policies have hastened al-Qaida’s demise and which have not, while also reflecting upon the rise of ISIS and its potential future significance.
EXPORTAÇÕES, BALANÇA COMERCIAL E TAXA DE CÂMBIO NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DO PERÍODO 2000-2012
Authors: Machoski Eduarda , Caldarelli Carlos Eduardo , Gabardo da Câmara Márcia Regina
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento da balança comercial brasileira no período de 2000 a 2012. Procura-se compreender os fatores principais que contribuíram de forma positiva para a evolução do saldo: o crescimento dos preços, a demanda externa das commodities e o crescimento da economia mundial.  A análise dos resultados destaca o desempenho das exportações do país em um contexto de taxa de câmbio flexível, frente a movimentos de apreciação e depreciação da moeda doméstica durante o período de estudo. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que as empresas exportadoras brasileiras parecem ser beneficiadas por períodos de apreciação cambial. Além disso, demonstrou-se que a pauta exportadora do país está cada vez mais concentrada em produtos básicos, o que pode ser prejudicial ao seu dinamismo no futuro.
ATUAÇÃO DO BANCO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÕMICO E SOCIAL NO PADRÃO DE FINANCIAMENTO DO II PLANO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO: 1974/1979
Authors: Reco de Oliveira Economista João Paulo , Da Silva Redivo Mestre André , Antonio Ferraz Cario Doutor Sílvio
Published: May 2016

Em 1974, Ernesto Geisel assumiu a Presidência da República do Brasil com o propósito de manter as taxas de crescimento econômico elevadas dos anos anteriores, a despeito de um contexto econômico internacional conturbado. Para tanto, elaborou nova estratégia de desenvolvimento de longo prazo expressa no II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (II PND). O plano tinha como objetivo central superar pontos de estrangulamento da economia brasileira, realizando investimentos nos setores de bens intermediários e de capital e na área de infraestrutura. Para a realização deste bloco de investimentos, o padrão de financiamento contou, dentre outras fontes, com o Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES). Os resultados apontaram que, no propósito de financiar os projetos de investimentos, esta instituição não só criou como elevou o valor das fontes de recursos. Assim como, os dados analisados apontaram para atuação efetiva e primordial da instituição financeira para a realização e a conclusão de parte dos objetivos do II PND.
Detection and manipulation of live antigen-expressing cells using conditionally stable nanobodies
Authors: Tang Jonathan CY , Drokhlyansky Eugene , Etemad Behzad , Rudolph Stephanie , Guo Binggege , Wang Sui , Ellis Emily G , Li Jonathan Z , Cepko Constance L
Published: May 2016

The ability to detect and/or manipulate specific cell populations based upon the presence of intracellular protein epitopes would enable many types of studies and applications. Protein binders such as nanobodies (Nbs) can target untagged proteins (antigens) in the intracellular environment. However, genetically expressed protein binders are stable regardless of antigen expression, complicating their use for applications that require cell-specificity. Here, we created a conditional system in which the stability of an Nb depends upon an antigen of interest. We identified Nb framework mutations that can be used to rapidly create destabilized Nbs. Fusion of destabilized Nbs to various proteins enabled applications in living cells, such as optogenetic control of neural activity in specific cell types in the mouse brain, and detection of HIV-infected human cells by flow cytometry. These approaches are generalizable to other protein binders, and enable the rapid generation of single-polypeptide sensors and effectors active in cells expressing specific intracellular epitopes.
Mechanism of VHF H2 plasma production at high pressures
Authors: Chen Kuan-Chen , Chiu Kuo-Feng , Chen Chia-Fu , Lien Cheng-Yang , Tsai Yu-Jer , Lien Ting-Kuei , Ogiwara Kohei , Uchino Kiichiro , Kawai Yoshinobu
Published: May 2016

A VHF H2 plasma was produced by a narrow-gap discharge at high pressures, and the plasma parameters were examined with the Langmuir probe. A bi-Maxwellian electron distribution was observed near the discharge electrode at a discharge gap of 10 mm, while a Maxwellian distribution was seen near the center. When the discharge gap was 15 mm, electrons had a Maxwellian distribution independent of the position. It was found that there must be a threshold in the discharge gap for stochastic heating to occur. The plasma potential near the discharge electrode was higher than that near the center of the interelectrode gap, suggesting the existence of negative ions. The simulation using the plasma hybrid code was carried out. The spatial profiles of the density and temperature of electrons were similar to the experimental results. The plasma potential had a hill-like profile that was quite different from the measured one. The negative ion density was negligible.
Fabrication of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide films by decomposition of hexamethyldisilane with microwave discharge flow of Ar
Authors: Ito Haruhiko , Kumakura Motoki , Suzuki Tsuneo , Niibe Masahito , Kanda Kazuhiro , Saitoh Hidetoshi
Published: May 2016

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide films have been fabricated by the decomposition of hexamethyldisilane with a microwave discharge flow of Ar. Mechanically hard films were obtained by applying radio-frequency (RF) bias voltages to the substrate. The atomic compositions of the films were analyzed by a combination of Rutherford backscattering and elastic recoil detection, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The chemical structure was analyzed by carbon-K near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, high-resolution XPS, and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. The structural changes upon the application of RF bias were investigated, and the concentration of O atoms near the film surface was found to play a key role in the mechanical hardness of the present films.
Metal–organic chemical vapor deposition growth of β-FeSi2/Si composite powder via vapor–liquid–solid method and its photocatalytic properties
Authors: Akiyama Kensuke , Motoizumi Yuu , Funakubo Hiroshi , Irie Hiroshi , Matsumoto Yoshihisa
Published: May 2016

Semiconducting iron disilicide (β-FeSi2) island grains of a few hundred nanometers in diameter were formed on the surface of Si powder by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. On Au-coated Si powder, the Au–Si liquidus phase was obtained by melting the Si surface via the Au–Si eutectic reaction, which contributed to the formation of island grains. The dramatic decrease in the defect density in β-FeSi2, which was due to this growth mechanism, was confirmed by the photoluminescence properties. The β-FeSi2/Si composite powder could evolve hydrogen from formaldehyde aqueous solution under irradiation of visible light with wavelengths of 420–650 nm.
Hospitalization Trends for Airway Infections and In-Hospital Complications in Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Laager Rahel , Gregoriano Claudia , Hauser Stephanie , Koehler Henrik , Schuetz Philipp , Mueller Beat , Kutz Alexander
Published: September 2024

Importance

Cleft lip or palate is a prevalent birth defect, occurring in approximately 1 to 2 per 1000 newborns and often necessitating numerous hospitalizations. Specific rates of hospitalization and complication are underexplored.

Objective

To assess the rates of airway infection–associated hospitalization, overall hospital admissions, in-hospital complications, and mortality among children with a cleft lip or palate.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationwide, population-based cohort study used in-hospital claims data from the Federal Statistical Office in Switzerland between 2012 and 2021. Participants included newborns with complete birth records born in a Swiss hospital. Data were analyzed from March to November 2023.

Exposure

Prevalent diagnosis of a cleft lip or palate at birth.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes of interest were monthly hospitalization rates for airway infections and any cause during the first 2 years of life in newborns with cleft lip or palate. In-hospital outcomes and mortality outcomes were also assessed, stratified by age and modality of surgical intervention.

Results

Of 857 806 newborns included, 1197 (0.1%) had a cleft lip and/or palate, including 170 (14.2%) with a cleft lip only, 493 (41.2%) with a cleft palate only, and 534 (44.6%) with cleft lip and palate. Newborns with cleft lip or palate were more likely to be male (55.8% vs 51.4%), with lower birth weight (mean [SD] weight, 3135.6 [650.8] g vs 3284.7 [560.7] g) and height (mean [SD] height, 48.6 [3.8] cm vs 49.3 [3.2] cm). During the 2-year follow-up, children with a cleft lip or palate showed higher incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for hospitalizations due to airway infections (IRR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.98-2.73]) and for any reason (IRR, 3.72 [95% CI, 3.49-3.97]) compared with controls. Additionally, children with cleft lip or palate had a substantial increase in odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 17.97 [95% CI, 11.84-27.29]) and various complications, including the need for intubation (OR, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.95-2.87]), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR, 2.89 [95% CI, 1.81-4.63]), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR, 3.25 [95% CI, 2.21-4.78]), and respiratory support (OR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.64-2.29]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this nationwide cohort study, the presence of cleft lip or palate was associated with increased hospitalization rates for respiratory infections and other causes, as well as poorer in-hospital outcomes and greater resource use.
Active Visual Art Therapy and Health Outcomes
Authors: Joschko Ronja , Klatte Caroline , Grabowska Weronika A. , Roll Stephanie , Berghöfer Anne , Willich Stefan N.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Art therapy has a long-standing tradition in patient treatment. As scientific interest in its use has recently grown, a comprehensive assessment of active visual art therapy is crucial to understanding its potential benefits.

Objective

To assess the association of active visual art therapy with health outcomes across patient groups and comparators.

Data Sources

The systematic literature search included the Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, American Psychological Association PsycArticles, American Psychological Association PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, the German Clinical Trials Register, and ClinicalTrials.gov. No filters regarding language were applied. The search covered all dates before March 2021. Data analysis was conducted from April 24 to September 8, 2023.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials with any type of patient population comparing the intervention with any control not using active visual art therapy were included. Two researchers independently screened the abstracts and full texts.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data extraction followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data were synthesized using narrative summaries, forest plots, and random effects meta-analyses.

Main Outcome and Measures

In line with the protocol, all outcome measures of the included studies were extracted.

Results

The search identified 3104 records, of which 356 outcomes of 69 studies were included, with a total of approximately 4200 participants, aged 4 to 96 years, in the review. The meta-analyses included 50 studies and 217 outcomes of 2766 participants. Treatment indications included mental, neurological, and other somatic disorders, and prevention. Most outcome measures focused on depression, anxiety, self-esteem, social adjustment, and quality of life. Art therapy was associated with an improvement in 18% of the 217 outcomes compared with the controls (1%), while 81% showed no improvement. The standardized mean difference in the change from baseline of the meta-analyses of 0.38 (95% CI, 0.26-0.51) and posttest analysis of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.12-0.26) also indicated an improvement of outcomes associated with art therapy. Overall study quality was low.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, visual art therapy was associated with therapeutic benefits for some outcomes, although most studies were of low quality. Further good-quality studies are needed to provide additional insights for its best possible integration into routine care.
Cervical Cancer Incidence in the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands
Authors: Gopalani Sameer V. , Qin Jin , Baksa Janos , Thompson Trevor D. , Saraiya Mona , Senkomago Virginia , Pordell Paran , Jeong Youngju , Palafox Neal A. , Reichhardt Martina , Buenconsejo-Lum Lee E.
Published: September 2024

Importance

The World Health Organization has called for eliminating cervical cancer as a public health problem. Accurate and up-to-date estimates of population-based cervical cancer incidence are essential for monitoring progress toward elimination and informing local cancer control strategies, but these estimates are lacking for the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI).

Objective

To calculate age-standardized incidence rates for cervical cancer in the 6 USAPI and compare these rates with rates in the US (50 states and the District of Columbia).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used population-based data from the Pacific Regional Central Cancer Registry for women aged 20 years or older who were diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2020. The registry comprises data on all cervical cancers from the USAPI, which include 3 US territories (American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam) and 3 freely associated states (Federated States of Micronesia [FSM], Republic of the Marshall Islands [RMI], and Republic of Palau). Data were analyzed from July 10, 2023, to November 28, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was age-standardized cervical cancer incidence rates, stratified by age, stage, and histologic code for the USAPI using population estimates from 3 different sources (US Census Bureau International Database, United Nations Population Division, and Pacific Data Hub). Rate ratios were calculated to compare incidence rates between the USAPI and the US.

Results

From 2007 to 2020, 409 cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed in the USAPI (median age at diagnosis, 46.0 years [25th-75th percentile, 39.0-55.0 years]), with an age-standardized incidence rate ranging from 21.7 (95% CI, 19.6-23.9) to 22.1 (95% CI, 20.0-24.4) per 100 000 women, depending on the population estimate. Incidence rates were highest in RMI, ranging from 58.1 (95% CI, 48.0-69.7) to 83.4 (95% CI, 68.3-101.0) per 100 000 women, followed by FSM, ranging from 28.7 (95% CI, 23.4-34.9) to 29.8 (95% CI, 24.3-36.3) per 100 000 women. Compared with the US, incidence rates were highest in RMI (rate ratio, 5.7 [95% CI, 4.7-6.8] to 8.2 [95% CI, 6.7-9.9]) and FSM (rate ratio; 2.8; 95% CI, 2.3-3.4). Of all cases in the USAPI, 213 (68.2%) were diagnosed at a late stage.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, cervical cancer remained a major public health issue in some USAPI, with RMI reporting the highest incidence rates. The findings suggest that improvements in human papillomavirus vaccination and cancer screening coverage through efforts tailored to the unique geographic, sociocultural, economic, and health care landscape of the USAPI may reduce the burden of cervical cancer.
Retinopathy Associated With Hair Dye
Authors: Chirpaz Nicolas , Bricout Marion , Elbany Sandra , Loria Olivier , Rocher Antonin , Burillon Carole , Dot Corinne
Published: September 2024

This case report describes a woman who presented with bilateral blurry vision a few days after dyeing her hair with hair dye containing aromatic amines.
Chronic Facial Pain in an Adolescent
Authors: Lewis Jamie W. , Palmer Trace T. , Carron Jeffrey D.
Published: September 2024

A 13-year-old female individual presented with chronic facial pain and abnormal computed tomography findings and a history of developmental delay, atrial septal defect, cerebral palsy, and pulmonary artery sling. What is your diagnosis?
Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Mental Health
Authors: Khan Najm S. , Gajula Meher , Goehring Lexi , Takashima Masayoshi , Dhanda Aatin , Syed Tariq A. , McCoul Edward D. , Vrabec Jeffrey T. , Ramanathan Murugappan , Hu Renjie , Ahmed Omar G.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been associated with anxiety and depression, but the association of socioeconomic factors and temporality has yet to be fully explored.

Objective

To determine the bidirectional risk of anxiety and depression for patients with CRS.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study of the National Institutes of Health All of Us database from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, included 2 cohorts of adult patients with and without CRS. The data were analyzed from July 1, 2023, through April 1, 2024. Patients were classified as having CRS if they had at least 2 diagnoses during the study period. Those with a diagnosis of CRS before the study period were excluded. Patients were propensity score matched (1:5) with patients without CRS for age, sex, race, and annual household income.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the development of anxiety and depression. Patients with CRS were counted as having the primary outcome if it occurred after the criteria for CRS diagnosis were fulfilled. Multivariate logistic regression and survival analysis were performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) of anxiety and depression. A secondary survival analysis determined the risk of developing CRS between patients with anxiety and depression and controls.

Results

Among 33 732 patients (23 382 [69.3%] female individuals; 510 [1.5%] Asian, 6002 [17.9%] Black or African American, 576 [1.7%] multiracial, and 26 036 [77.2%] White individuals), there were 28 110 controls and 5622 patients with CRS. Along with higher odds of having anxiety (OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 3.95-4.87) and depression (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.86-2.24), patients with CRS were at an increased risk of developing anxiety (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.47-3.15) and depression (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27-1.55) compared with controls. Additionally, patients with anxiety (HR, 2.37; 95% CI, 2.18-2.57) and depression (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.46-1.72) were at an increased risk of developing chronic rhinosinusitis compared with controls.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this population-based cohort study of adults with and without CRS, a bidirectional association between common psychiatric disorders and CRS was observed. Physicians and health care clinicians who treat patients with anxiety, depression, and CRS should be vigilant regarding these risks and screen patients appropriately.
Nanostructured Eutectoid Steel Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Al‐Joubori Ahmed A. , Suryanarayana Challapalli
Published: September 2024

Blended elemental powders of Fe and C corresponding to the eutectoid composition of Fe–0.8 wt% C are subjected to mechanical alloying in a high‐energy SPEX‐8000 shaker mill. The milled powders and the as‐sintered samples are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy methods for their crystal structure and microstructural features. A supersaturated solid solution phase of ferrite with a body‐centered cubic structure and containing 0.53 wt% C has formed after 15 h of milling. This is followed by formation of the cementite (Fe3C) phase with an orthorhombic structure, and its fraction increases with continued milling for 30 h. Spark plasma sintering of the milled nanocrystalline powders leads to the fabrication of dense bulk nanocrystalline steel samples. The microstructure of the as‐sintered sample has a very fine‐grained structure. On annealing at a high temperature of 900 °C, the expected lamellar structure of pearlite is clearly seen on the polished and etched surface. A lenticular structure of martensite has formed in the water‐quenched sample. The hardness of the samples in different heat‐treated conditions is measured and compared with the reference values.
High Voltage, Long Cycling Organic Cathodes Rendered by In Situ Electrochemical Oxidation Polymerization
Authors: Zhou Jiarong , Zheng Biao , Huang Xingying , Zhou Wang , Sun Caihong , Sun Xiujuan , Zhang Tao , Huang Zhifeng , Tan Songting , Liu Jilei , Gao Ping
Published: September 2024

Organic electrode materials have attracted considerable attention for electrochemical energy storage due to their abundance of elements, tunable molecular structure, and sustainability. However, the application of organic batteries is plagued by their high solubility and low discharge potential, resulting in poor cycle life and low energy density. Here, ([5,15‐bis(4‐diphenylaminophenyl) porphyrin] Cu(II) (CuDTNP) and [5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐diphenylaminophenyl)porphyrin] Cu(II) (CuFTNP)) as cathodes for organic‐lithium batteries are presented. A highly stable cathode (CuFTNP) with high potential (3.82 V) is achieved by introducing triphenylamine groups in the meso‐position of the porphyrin complex due to the self‐polymerization behavior and anion storage during the electrochemical reaction. Benefiting from triphenylamine groups, higher diffusion coefficients (3.93 × 10−9 cm2 s−1) is achieved, ascribed to the enhanced conjugated structure. As a result, a power density of 34.2 kW kg−1, and excellent cycling stability up to 40 000 cycles are achieved. This cathode can also be extended in organic‐sodium batteries with good cycling stability (600 cycles) and high potential (3.60 V). The charge storage mechanism and polymerization behavior are evidenced by in situ FTIR and in situ Raman characterization. This study will provide inspiration for the development of next‐generation organic cathodes with high potential, high power density, and long‐cycle life through molecular design.
Suppressing the vdW Gap‐Induced Tunneling Barrier by Constructing Interfacial Covalent Bonds in 2D Metal–Semiconductor Contacts
Authors: Shan Wenchao , Shi Anqi , Xin Zhengyang , Zhang Xiuyun , Wang Bing , Li Yongtao , Niu Xianghong
Published: September 2024

2D metal and semiconductor materials provide a promising solution to realize Ohmic contacts by suppressing the strong Fermi level pinning (FLP) effect due to without dangling bonds. However, the 2D metal‐semiconductor Van der Waals (vdW) interfaces induce an inevitable tunnel barrier, significantly restraining the injection of charge carriers into the conduction channel. Herein, by replacing the vdW bond with the covalent bond in interfaces, the Ohmic and tunneling‐barrier‐inhibition contacts are realized simultaneously based on the 2D XSi2N4 (X = Cr, Hf, Mo, Ti, V, Zr) semiconductor and the 2D Mxene metal family. Taking 60 2D Mxene‐XSi2N4 contacts as examples, although the vdW‐type contacts exhibit Ohmic contacts, the tunneling probability (PTB) can be as low as 0.4%, while the PTB can increase to 88.09% by removing the Mxene terminations at the adjacent interface to form the covalent bond. The weak FLP and Ohmic contacts are retained at covalent bond interfaces since the outlying Si─N sublayer protects the band‐edge electronic states of XSi2N4 semiconductors. This work provides a straightforward strategy for advancing high‐performance and energy‐efficient 2D electronic nanodevices.
Reconfigurable Exotic Liquid Crystal Elastomer “Smart” Surfaces via Hot Embossing
Authors: Yue Lansong , Lugger Sean J. D. , Debije Michael G. , Schenning Albert P. H. J.
Published: September 2024

Smart surfaces, distinguished by their dynamic responses to environmental changes, may enhance the functionality, interactivity, and efficiency of materials and devices. Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are ideal candidates for creating smart surfaces, allowing reversible topographical changes in response to environmental stimuli. However, traditional thermoset LCE preparation methods require complex manufacturing processes, including photopolymerization, and the resulting surfaces (often pillars) are nonreprogrammable and nonrecyclable. In this work, hot embossing is used in combination with a thermoplastic LCE for creating self‐healing and reprogrammable exotic surfaces capable of reversibly responding to environmental stimuli, significantly simplifying fabrication. It is demonstrated that hot embossing can be effectively applied to fabricate surfaces with arrays of pillars, cones, tubes, or mushroom shapes. The exotic surface structures exhibit reversible and programmable shape changes in response to heat and can be erased and rewritten to alternate complex topographies. As an additional feature, the LCE can be recycled and reused to create photo‐responsive surface topographies that can be spatiotemporally addressed by light. Light‐responsive LCE surfaces are prepared by incorporating a photothermal dye without loss of reconfigurability. Demonstrators are fabricated such as locally controlled object movement on a surface by light.
Transverse‐Asymmetric Electrode Structure Design to Eliminate Charge Transfer Loss for Enhancing Output Performance of Sliding Mode TENG
Authors: Li Gui , An Shanshan , Wang Ping , Xiong Shengyang , Wang Jian , Xu Shuyan , Wu Huiyuan , Li Kaixian , Li Wen , Tong Lin , Hu Chenguo
Published: September 2024

Sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerators (S‐TENG) have been validated as a simple and efficient mechanical energy harvesting technology in low frequency for constructing self‐powered systems. However, the charge invalid transfer in the S‐TENG leads to its output energy loss, which has not been addressed by researchers in this field. Herein, a novel transverse‐asymmetric electrode structure sliding TENG (TAE‐TENG) is proposed, where the specific asymmetric bottom electrode configuration distinguishes it from the previously reported S‐TENGs. This design can be equivalent to a hybrid model, consisting of two units, a sliding mode TENG with blank area and a freestanding mode TENG with a shielding electrode, which effectively eliminates the charge transfer loss and enhances the output performance. The insight mechanism of charge transfer in each operation process is analyzed. The TAE‐TENG achieves 1.42 µC output charge, 1.97‐fold as that of the conventional S‐TENG (0.72 µC) with equivalent dimensions, and also exhibits more sustained and higher current waveforms. The output charge, root‐mean‐square (RMS) current, and average power of the rotation‐TAE‐TENG at 60 rpm are 3.05 µC, 97.50 µA and 44.02 mW, respectively. This work provides a physical mechanism of charge transfer in sliding TENG and an effective method to improve its output energy.
Se‐Rich Functionalized FeSx Hollow Nanospheres for Accelerated and Long‐Lasting Sodium Storage
Authors: Haruna Baffa , Wang Lina , Hu Xiang , Luo Guangfu , Muhammad Mujtaba Aminu , Liu Yangjie , Yu Jiaqi , Abdel‐Aziz Ahmed , Bao Hongli , Wen Zhenhai
Published: September 2024

Transition metal sulfides are emerging as promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost, their practical application yet face critical issues of sluggish kinetics and poor cycling stability. In this study, a reliable approach is introduced to overcome these challenges by fabrication of Se0.75‐Fe1‐xS0.25@SC hollow nanospheres thanks to the enriched robust Fe─S─C, C─S, and C─Se bonding, which greatly benefit for enhancing both reaction kinetics and structural stability. Kinetic study combining with in situ characterization reveals that the incorporation of rich‐Se into FeSx induces the formation of cationic Fe and Se vacancies, leading to abundant sites and optimized path for sodium storage. Density functional theory calculations also demonstrate how Se‐rich engineering weakens carbonaceous polar C─S─Fe bonds and accelerates reaction dynamics. The as‐prepared Se0.75‐Fe1‐xS0.25@SC can deliver a high reversible capacity of 515 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 over 1250 cycles and achieve superior rate capability with maintaining capacity of 418 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. This work pioneers the concept of vacancy‐rich functionalized nanostructures, offering a new pathway for designing advanced electrode materials for energy storage devices.
Refining O3‐Type Ni/Mn‐Based Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathodes via “Atomic Knife” Achieving High Capacity and Stability
Authors: Yuan Tao , Li Pengzhi , Sun Yuanyuan , Che Haiying , Zheng Qinfeng , Zhang Yixiao , Huang Shuai , Qiu Jian , Pang Yuepeng , Yang Junhe , Ma Zi‐Feng , Zheng Shiyou
Published: September 2024

The O3‐type NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 (NM) layered cathode in sodium ion batteries (SIBs) undergoes structural distortion and capacity degradation during cycling, which seriously hinders its practical application. Herein, lanthanum (La) is employed as a dopant in O3‐NaNi0.5Mn0.5‐xLaxO2 (NML) cathodes, which triggered an “atomic knife” effect, reducing particle size, and stabilizing crystal structure. The larger La ions generated structural strain during grain growth at high temperatures, hindering the movement of grain boundaries and refining the size of NML particles. Comprehensive characterizations illuminated La doping‐induced atomic site occupancy and phase transformations within NML. A competitive phase formation between layered NML and perovskite LaMnO3 (LMO) is observed. Spontaneously formed perovskite LMO provides surface protection. Moreover, strong La─O bonds expand the Na interlayer spacing, enhancing Na+‐ion diffusion. Consequently, NML cathodes exhibit superior long‐term cycling stability and ultrahigh rate capacities compared to pristine NM cathode and most currently reported layered cathodes for SIBs.