bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unrequited Love in the Selected Novels of Orhan Pamuk
Authors: Murshed Ahmed Hassan Ali
Published: February 2025

Certainly, Love is one of the most unmistakable natural sentiments of the individual, so the psychologists have attempted to characterize the word 'love' in various manners, for instance,Freud, in his book, (Civilization and Contents)illuminates the sentiment of love according to mental perspective. As he would like to think, a limit between the 'object' and'ego' is degraded, so he stated that "Against to all proof of his feelings, a person, who is in love utters that 'you' and 'I' are one and begins carrying on as if it was a reality" (Freud, 13). 'Self' of the individual, who falls in love is totally degraded into 'oneself' of the other, so Love assumes an important role in bliss or despondency in human life, in which, the fruitful love makes life upbeat and on the contrary, its disappointment changes life into a hopeless wreck, so unfortunately, Unrequited Love is a one imbalance in which you may love someone with all your heart, but you don’t receive these feelings in return. In other words, it is love that isn’t reciprocated. For example, you may love someone deeply, but this person simply doesn’t love you back.
This paper will discuss the characters’ suffering as a result of the one-sided love and explain how they behaved during the events of the love stories, as well as delineate the tragic ending of their unrequited love, furthermore, it will give some examples from some of Pamuk’s novels.
Adolescent Psyche and Expressionism in ‘The Catcher in The Rye’ and ‘The Bell Jar’
Authors: Roy Ananya
Published: February 2025

J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye (1951) and Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar (1963), both serve as masterpiece accounts of teen angst and intricate detailed workings of the mind post world war when society was growing on one side with new foliage of technological innovation aimed at improving the lifestyle of human beings, on the other was on a slowyet painful process of moral, individual and spiritual decay as men and women had given way to the evils of the surplus and easy way of living. Not only were relationships coming under the radar of suspicion with humans doubting and betraying each other, a major issue of serious concern was on the rise as well that being the changing dynamics of adolescent brain and mind. Prone to modernization, the functioning of the mind of teenagers was undergoing a tremendous change where overt sensitivity was on rise. This paper focuses upon the main themes of (I) ideals cherished by both the protagonists, their view on them as individuals of the society, (II) on sexuality and (III) the serious issue of suicide which had been sought out as the best means of escape as their surroundings fail to bend according to their visions. This paper makes special efforts at analysing the same by bringing into it the status of relationship of the protagonist with his or her family member, peers, teachers and counsellors and how exactly it helps in expressing who they are and what they want.
Lawrence’s Ideology of Education
Authors: Imam Arshad
Published: February 2025

H. Lawrence was not only a novelist, poet, short story writer and essayist but also a philosopher, sociologist and educationist. His contribution in the field of education is not less than a milestone. In this article my approach is to analyze his ideology of education which was child centric. Through his novels, poems and essays Lawrence always propagated his vision of education.
Mahesh Dattani’s “Do the Needful”: An Unconventional Romantic Comedy
Authors: Singh Dr. Pramod Kumar
Published: February 2025

Mahesh Dattani is a contemporary Indian English Dramatist who gave voice to the 60 million English speakers of India through his drama. He is the first dramatist recognised for his contribution in this field. Through his plays, he raises the problems of eunuch, homosexuality, transgender, child- sexual abuse, gender-discrimination, thought towards HIV-infected people etc. To such issues, he called them ‘fringe issue’ to whom we face but never take it as a part of society. Through ‘Do the Needful’ Mahesh Dattani has presented the problems of male homosexuality. The play was broadcasted by BBC. The play ‘Do the Needful’ is actually an unconventional romantic comedy.
Implication of fermented plant protein ingredients: a critical review of nutrition, physiology andgrowth: related aspects
Authors: Ahmed Sherine R. , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Doan Hien Van , Rossi Waldemar , Davies Simon , Goda Ashraf M.A. , El-Haroun Ehab
Published: February 2025

Recently, aquaculture has some limitations, such as the limited availability of land, water, feed ingredients, and biosecurity concerns. Managing economic activity has become mandatory to confront global climate change. In the last few decades, fish meal recognized the bestsource of protein for aquafeeds; though, the shortage of fish meal supply and its high demand have encouraged its replacement with different plant ingredients, which have been increasingly used in aquafeeds in comparison to fish meal, making them the most viable choice as an alternative. However, plant protein ingredients are recognized for their high content of antinutritional factors (ANFs), which limits their use in feed. Recently, the application of fermentation to overcome these problems has gained significant attention because it provides the health and growth-promoting benefits, palatability, enhance nutrients assimilation, availability and breakdown ANFs in plant protein ingredients that consequently effect on growth, immune system response, disease outbreaks and control pathogen infections that target to achieve aquaculture sustainability. The present review were discuss the use of advanced processing and fermentation technology techniques to reduce or eliminate ANFs and increase nutritional value in plant protein sources and effects on fish.
In vitro gas production techniques: preservation methods and challenges in ruminant research – a review
Authors: Simeonidis Kalliroi , Attard Everaldo , Pinotti Luciano , Pastorelli Grazia
Published: February 2025

In vitro gas production techniques (IVGPTs) are crucial in animal nutrition research for evaluating the fermentative characteristics and nutritional value of feed ingredients and diets. Gas production (GP) is a key parameter in fermentation. Rumen fluid (RF) and faeces (FA) are the primary sources of microbial inoculum for fermenting microorganisms. The storage methods used for these inocula present both advantages and disadvantages. Traditionally, rumen cannulation was used to collect RF samples. However, researchers are exploring better alternative methods, such as stomach tube (ST) collection, which offers comparable statistical power and feasibility to cannulation. However, this approach is also challenging due to animal stress and saliva contamination, which emphasize the need for more representative sampling methods. Using rumen fluid from slaughtered animals offers an ethical approach, with the advantages of cost and availability. FA provides a viable alternative, especially for hindgut fermentation studies; however, in ruminants, differences in the microbial compositions of FA and RF need to be considered. These differences may in turn affect the GP rates and fermentation kinetics. Storage of microbial inocula can standardise in vitro studies, ensuring repeatability and reliability. The use of cryoprotectants such as glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) may help to preserve microbial activity during the freezing-thawing process, as they help promote bacterial recovery. This review provides an overview of the two main inocula used in IVGPTs and their preservation methods, highlighting both their advantages and limitations.
Effects of dietary levels of Bay laurel leaf extract conjugated with zinc nanoparticles on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood parameters in broilers
Authors: El-Abasy Mohammed M. , Ashour Elwy A. , Bassiony Samar S. , Youssef Islam M. , Loutfi Mohamed , Salem Salem S. , Mahgoub Samir A. , Abou-Kassem Diaa E. , Althubyani Sarah A. , Zouidi Ferjeni , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bay laurel leaf extract conjugated with zinc nanoparticles (Zn-Nano-BLLE) as a growth enhancer and antibiotic alternative in broiler diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood markers. In a completely randomized design, 264 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into four experimental groups to assess the impact of Zn-Nano-BLLE supplementation. Each group consisted of six replicates, each containing 11 unsexed chicks. The treatments were as follows: a control group (basal diet) without any additives, and three experimental groups receiving Zn-Nano-BLLE at 1, 2, and 3 cm³ Zn-Nano-BLLE/kg feed, respectively. Results indicated that Zn-Nano-BLLE supplementation at 1 or 3 cm³/kg feed led to significant improvements in live body weight and weight gain. The lowest feed intake and feed conversion ratio were observed in broilers supplemented with 1 cm³ Zn-Nano-BLLE/kg feed (30.94 and 1.14, respectively). However, the highest dressing, carcass, and heart percentages were found in the control group. Additionally, broilers fed 3 cm³ Zn-Nano-BLLE/kg feed showed the highest levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin, while also exhibiting the lowest levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (161.52 and 88.35, respectively). The immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were elevated in the supplemented groups, although no significant effects were noted on immunoglobulin M (IgM). Birds given 2 cm³ Zn-Nano-BLLE/kg feed demonstrated the highest superoxide dismutase activity (164 U/ml), while the control group had the lowest levels. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of Zn-Nano-BLLE, particularly at 1 and 3 cm³/kg, enhanced broiler immunity, productivity, and antioxidant status, indicates its effectiveness as a natural growth enhancer in broiler production.
Is integrated multi-trophic aquaculture-rice co-culture an unrealistic or feasible approach to providing essential crops, optimizing feed conversion ratio, nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency?
Authors: Goda Ashraf M. A-S. , Aboseif Ahmed M. , Mohammedy Eman Y. , Taha Mostafa K.S. , Abou Shabana Nevine M. , Doan Hien Van , El-Haroun Ehab , Ashour Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Rice is not a horticultural crop, thus the idea that indoor cultivation cannot compete with outside production in desert and non-urban areas with shortages of water and challenging cultivation circumstances. The study intends to offer critical crops to poor communities through small-scale aquaponics systems that can adapt to climate change, despite some doubts about its feasibility. This study investigate the potential of Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture Systems (IAAS) to enhance water, nitrogen, and phosphorus use efficiency (WUE, NUE, and PUE) while extending the nutrient cycle for rice and aquatic animal culture under climate adaptation conditions using greenhouses. This trial contained four treatments administered over 90 days. Two types of Tilapia (T)-rice (R) co-culture systems and Integrated Multi-Trophic-Aquaculture (IMTA)-rice (R) co-culture systems were evaluated using two rice hydroponic culture techniques: Floating Raft System (FRS, T-R-FRS, and IMTA-R-FRS) and Nutrient Film Technique (NFT, IMTA-R-NFT, and T-R-NFT). All treatments were carried out in two independent greenhouses equipped with indoor recycling closed systems and 10 kW solar panels. The FRS-R-IMTA system has superior rice properties compared to the NFT system. IMTA-R aquaponic and tilapia-R monoculture systems can reduce nutrients and water waste while increasing crop yields. These represent a potential solution to the challenges of climate change, which necessitates a more sustainable and resilient food production system. The IMTA system’s apparent FCR values (0.73) surpass those of the tilapia monoculture system (1.58). IMTA-developed technology enables farmers to profitably culture a diverse species of aquatic animals without the need for costly extra feed. The results showed that coupled IMTA-R and T-R using the FRS technique are more promising for optimizing NUE and PUE efficiency than the NFT technique, as well as for producing a wider range of aquatic animals (such as mullets, crayfish, freshwater clams, and silver carp) than the T-R-FRS.
Effect of selenium and nano-selenium applications on biological functions in aquaculture: a review
Authors: Ahmed Sherine R. , Doan Hien Van , Davies Simon , Hassaan Mohamed S. , Goda Ashraf M.A. , El-Haroun Ehab
Published: February 2025

Selenium plays a crucial role in vital physiological processes for fish, by involved in many processes of cellular metabolism and increase the growth performance and health status of fish. Nano-selenium (nano-Se) has been shown to promote fish growth more than other traditional inorganic Se forms. Additionally, increased the capacity to absorb various nutrients, and provided protection from pathogens. In general, the growth, hematological, biochemical and immune characteristics of fish improved with the incorporation of dietary selenium. When fish fed small amounts, Se can also function as an antioxidant. There is a need for more research on the use of dietary Se as a supplement in the diets of various aquatic species since there are a few variables that could affect the levels of dietary Se and make it more difficult to estimate its required levels. The actual bioavailability of Se nanoparticles to fish also needs to be determined. This review have tried to evaluate and draw conclusions about the advantages of Se in various forms and its potential application as a mineral supplement to various aquatic animal’s species in different biological functions.
Food Upcycling Strategies Applied by The Listed Companies Involved in The Food Value Chain
Authors: Buczacki Aleksander , Gladysz Bartlomiej , Wisniewski Michal
Published: February 2025

This paper is aimed at the discovery of the main directions of a scientific discourse on food upcycling and cross-checking it with the perspective of leading food chain companies. Scientific discourse was analysed by systematic literature review using defined query and network analysis. The perspective of leading food chain companies was approached through the content analysis of annual reports of listed companies. A replicable analysis approach was developed and demonstrated on two samples of companies listed on two European stock exchanges. Bibliometric studies show that research on the upcycling topic is characterized by a high level of atomization, which may indicate that the research in this field is at an early stage. Qualitative research on non-financial annual reports published by selected companies has shown that companies do not widely use upcycling in business practice. The authors attribute this situation to, among others, the lack of a uniform reporting standard covering upcycling. Another conclusion from the study is that those companies operating in the food value chain that are closer to the consumer are more likely to initiate activities with the potential for upcycling.
Determination of the Correlation Between Image Parameters and Chemical Properties of Red Sweet Bell Pepper During Fermentation
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Szwejda-Grzybowska Justyna , Wrzodak Anna , Mieszczakowska-Frąc Monika
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to analyse the image textures and chemical characteristics of red sweet bell pepper samples during the lacto-fermentation process to determine the correlation between these parameters. The raw material of red bell pepper was subjected to spontaneous lacto-fermentation. The imaging by a digital camera and analyses of ascorbic acid, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, pH, sugars, and carotenoids were performed for raw material and samples after 7, 14, 28, and 56 days of fermentation. The statistically significant decrease in TSS, pH, and the content of L-ascorbic acid, glucose, fructose, total sugars, β-carotene, and total carotenoids of lacto-fermented samples was observed. The strongest relationships with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.999 were observed for L-ascorbic acid content with image texture bS5SH5DifEntrp and acidity with image texture ZS5SV1InvDfMom of raw and lacto-fermented pepper samples. In the case of carotenoids, the strongest relationship (R=0.999) was observed between image texture XS5SV3DifEntrp and lycopene content. Furthermore, the strong relationships between image textures and the sugar content were obtained reaching R=-0.998 for glucose content and image texture LS4RNLngREmph and R=0.998 for total sugars and BS5SZ5DifEntrp. The results were also used to set the regression equations to estimate chemical properties based on parameters extracted from images.
Effect of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid as Food Additives on the Properties of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate for Prospective Reducing The Amount of Food Emulsifiers Used
Authors: Kwaśniewska Dobrawa , Kiewlicz Justyna
Published: February 2025

Over recent years, there has been an increase in the consumption of processed food, and its spread has made it the subject of numerous studies aimed at determining its impact on human health. The latest literature reports indicate the need to limit the use of food additives, including the most frequently used emulsifiers. The study attempted to determine the effect of caffeine and chlorogenic acid on the properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate in order to potentially reduce the amount of emulsifiers in food. In this work, research was carried out to determine the surface, antioxidant and thermal stability properties of SDS-caffeine/chlorogenic acid systems. Spectroscopic analyzes were also performed. The thermal stability of O/W emulsions with addition of caffeine or chlorogenic acid were the higher than the ones with no additives. These values were respectively, 75.56% and 71,11%. The effect of both additives on the CMC values of binary model systems was also observed, which were 4.53 mmol/dm3 for SDS-caffeine system and 4.59 mmol/dm3 for SDS-chlorogenic acid system. Moreover, for SDS-chlorogenic acid system at SDS concentration of 4·10−1 mmol/dm3 the higher increase in FRAP value (7.12 mmol Fe2+/g) compared to pure chlorogenic acid was observed. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the addition of caffeine or chlorogenic acid to food emulsion systems, due to positive effect on their stability, may enable an attempt to modify the recipes to reduce the concentration of the emulsifiers used.
The Influence of Active Compounds of Wood Chips Made from Various Wood Species on the Antioxidant, Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Apple Brandies
Authors: Liubko Maryna , Duda Aleksandra , Tarko Tomasz
Published: February 2025

The value of quality spirits is derived from their unique sensory profile, which is frequently achieved via the maturation of the distillate with wood. Traditionally these are barrels, but there is a growing interest in the use of wood chips, which offer new economic, environmental and sensory opportunities. The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of wood chips (cherry, chestnut, oak, juniper) on the physicochemical attributes and sensory profile of apple distillate. Antioxidant activity (AOX), total polyphenol content (spectrophotometric method), acidity and ester content (titration method) and colour (CIELab) were determined. A sensory analysis was also conducted. The results demonstrated that the distillate was most influenced by chestnut wood, both in terms of its physicochemical characteristics (AOX 53 mg/100 mL, esters 0.83 g/L) and sensory qualities (4.5 points). The distillates aged with cherry and oak wood chips exhibited poorer outcomes (AOX 14 and 12 mg/100 mL, respectively), whereas the least impact on the physicochemical parameters was observed in the case of juniper wood chips (AOX 7.5 mg/100 mL). The maturation of apple distillates in wood chips presence led to enhanced sensory evaluation outcomes, with the most notable improvement observed in the case of chestnut wood chips.
Evaluation of two free-living, and one entomopathogenic nematode species (Rhabditida) for controlling Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iraq
Authors: Alghanimi Saif Abdulhussein , Talebi Ali Asghar , Ghavamabad Reihaneh Gholami , Pedram Majid
Published: February 2025

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the most serious agricultural pests globally, causing significant economic losses in fruit production and posing major quarantine concerns for many countries. Bactrocera zonata, one of the most harmful species in the family Tephritidae, has recently established in Iraq. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and potential EPNs can be used as vital tools in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for both organic and conventional production systems. In our study, three species – two native and free-living, and the other, a native EPN – were isolated from various orchards in Iraq. Their pathogenicity was evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse experiments against the soil-dwelling third-instar larvae of B. zonata. In laboratory bioassays, mortality rates varied from 70–98% for Oscheius myriophilus, 12–58% for Acrobeloides saeedi, and 14–56% for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 12 days post-treatment. The mean lethal concentration (LC50) values, measured by infective juveniles (IJs)/larva, were 7.08 for O. myriophilus, 104.49 for A. saeedi, and 97.74 for H. bacteriophora in data set 1. They were 13.50, 86.04, and 86.67 IJs/larva, respectively, in data set 2. These values were determined for third-instar larvae in laboratory tests conducted 12 days post-treatment at 25°C and 60% relative humidity (RH). Under greenhouse conditions, applications of O. myriophilus, H. bacteriophora, and A. saeedi resulted in 50.00–91.75% mortality in fruit tests at a concentration of 250 IJs/larva, and 33.58–67.82% mortality in soil tests against B. zonata, at a concentration of 1,000 IJs/larva 19 days after treatment. Our results suggest that two presently studied free-living native nematodes are potential EPNs, and together with native isolate of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, could be integrated into pest management programs against B. zonata in Iraqi orchards.
Influence of the Track Model in the Simulation of the Vertical Vibration Behaviour of the Railway Vehicle Carbody
Authors: Izabela Apostol Ioana , Mădălina Dumitriu
Published: February 2025

The paper analyses the influence of the track model in the simulation of the vertical vibration behaviour of the railway vehicle carbody. The study is developed based on two models of the vehicle-roadway system, respectively a “rigid track” model and an “elastic track” model. The “rigid track” model is a 7-degree-of-freedom model, which includes a rigid-flexible coupled vehicle model and a rigid track model. The “elastic track” model is a 15-degree-of-freedom model that includes the same rigid-flexible coupled model of the vehicle and an equivalent lumped-parameter model for the track. The evaluation of the vibration behaviour of the vehicle carbody is carried out for both models of the vehicle - track system, using the results obtained through numerical simulations regarding the frequency response functions, the power spectral density and the root mean square of the acceleration at three points relevant to the vibration of the carbody - one point positioned at the middle of the carbody and two points located above the bogies. The conclusions synthesized based on these results highlight, in general, the influence of the track model on the vibration behaviour of the carbody and, in particular, the influence of the track model on the dominant vibration modes and the vibration level of the carbody.
Fexibility of Bridges Built Using the Cantilever Method
Authors: Machelski Czesław , Pisarek Bartosz
Published: February 2025

The cantilever concreting technology is one of modern methods of constructing the concrete long-span bridges. The fundamental features of this method are saving of materials and of construction costs (especially of scaffolding and of formwork) and first of all a possibility of carrying out the construction of the span in many spots at the same time. The negative feature of these bridges is a large long-term deflection of the bridge, as a result of rheological processes in the concrete and in the pre-tensioning steel. Deflection measurements at the mid-span indicate a visible lowering of the grade line of the bridge span, already after few years of service. The calculated flexibility can be useful in analyses of long-term (rheological) changes in concrete bridge structures. It is a complement to the term bridge stiffness used in the case of momentary (short-term) loads, including dynamic actions.
Studies on the Influence of the Type of Aggregates and the Type of Bitumen on the Performance of Airport Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Claudia Petcu , Carmen Răcănel
Published: February 2025

Among the component materials of a flexible or mixed road structure, the asphalt mixture is considered to be the most important material to be accurately characterized. Most of the literature references on aggregates in asphalt mixtures have paid attention to the grading curve, shape, strength and roughness, all of which are important for the performance of asphalt mixtures. The modification of bitumen with polymers gives certain qualities to the asphalt mixtures containing it, namely: high temperature elastic properties, thermal cracking resistance, fatigue resistance, and long-term durability. The aim of this paper is to present the influence of the aggregate type and bitumen type on the physico-mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixtures.The laboratory studies were carried out in the Road Laboratory on the asphalt mixture BAA 16 (AC16) used in the wearing course of airports. Tests were carried out, such as the Marshall set and flow index, water absorption, stiffness modulus, fatigue resistance, resistance to permanent deformation, fuel resistance.The quality of the materials used in an asphalt mixtures plays an important role in the subsequent in-service behavior of the asphalt mixture.
Derecho. El papel clave de América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Velayos González Octavio
Published: February 2025

El artículo reflexionará sobre la estrategia verde de transformación de la economía europea, que solo tendrá éxito si es Justa e inclusiva, para unos ciudadanos que puedan aprovechar los beneficios que le ofrece la transición ecológica. No hay que engañarse, es seguro que los efectos de bienestar y perdida se repartirán de manera desigual, planteando enormes retos al pilar europeo de derechos sociales, siendo imprescindible un “Plan Social” específico, basado en los Derechos Humanos y en el Estado de Derecho, como valor fundacional clave de la UE que garantice un “Mecanismo de Transición Justa”, que convierta a la UE en un paradigma internacional de estos valores y como la única ruta posible para su ansiada autonomía estratégica, donde América Latina y el caribe (ALC) debería jugar un papel geopolítico crucial.
El derecho de las personas con discapacidad a ser empleadas en Puebla. Breve análisis del sistema de cuotas
Authors: Calderón García Jessica , Talavera Herrera Anette Michelle , Zamudio Mendoza Yesenia Estefani , Martínez González María Fernanda
Published: February 2025

La presente investigación se enfoca en la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad en el estado de Puebla, México, desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos. La metodología utilizada parte del enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo socio-jurídico, buscando con ello realizar un análisis holístico. Se propone establecer una cuota mínima del 5% para la inclusión de personas con discapacidad en el sector público a nivel nacional. En Puebla, se sugiere aumentar dicha cuota al 9%, acorde con la proporción de personas con discapacidad en la entidad. La evidencia empírica muestra que de las 51 instituciones a las que se solicitó información, solo el 56.86% reportó tener al menos una persona con discapacidad en su plantilla. La investigación ofrecerá un aporte para el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas con un enfoque especial y diferenciado.
La mediación apoyada por inteligencia artificial. Un puente hacia la pacificación en educación, salud y seguridad
Authors: Geraldes Da Cunha Lopes Teresa Maria , Villalón Alejo Lucia
Published: February 2025

Este artículo examina el potencial de la mediación asistida por la inteligencia artificial (IA) para abordar y resolver conflictos en áreas críticas principalmente en la educación, la salud y la seguridad. El objetivo es explorar cómo la integración de herramientas de IA en procesos de mediación puede mejorar la eficacia, la accesibilidad y los resultados de los esfuerzos de pacificación. Enfatiza el hecho de que la mediación asistida por IA ofrece un enfoque prometedor para la resolución de conflictos en los campos esenciales mencionados. Asimismo, destaca que para maximizar su efectividad y garantizar la equidad, es esencial abordar los desafíos éticos y prácticos multidisciplinarios asociados con la tecnología, toda vez que a medida que avanza la colaboración entre mediadores, tecnólogos y profesionales del campo es clave para desarrollar soluciones que equilibren la innovación tecnológica, en particular la IA con las necesidades humanas y los derechos fundamentales.
Shear Strength Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Corbels
Authors: Sayhood Eyad K. , Mohammed Nisreen S. , Resheq Ali Sadiq
Published: February 2025

Many researchers had experimentally investigated the parameters influencing the reinforced concrete corbel behavior and shear capacity. The main parameters studied in these researches were the influence of concrete compressive strength (f_c^'), shear span to effective depth ratio (a_v/d), longitudinal reinforcement percentage (ρ_s), horizontal reinforcement ratio (ρ_h), and effective depth (d). All specimens were tested under monotonic vertical load up to failure. Shear strength of corbels is essentially based on empirical or semi-empirical ‎equations. ‎In this work, a total of (47) tests of reinforced concrete corbels from the available in the literature and covered the main parameters are adopted to predict a proposal formula for the nominal shear strength of the corbel. This proposal is compared with ACI-318M- 2019 provisions and with the expressions proposed by other researchers. For the present proposed equation, the coefficient of variation (COV%) factor, which equals to 29.75% for the ultimate load, is the least (COV%) factor compared with other proposed equations. It was also found that the shear span to the effective depth ratio (a_v/d), the amount of horizontal reinforcement (stirrups) (ρ_h), the amount of main reinforcement (ρ_s), the compressive strength of concrete (f_c^') have a significant effect on the nominal strength of reinforced concrete corbels.
Pharmacist-led medication therapy management: Impact on healthcare utilization and costs
Authors: Umeh Anthony Uche , Chima Uzochukwu Emmanuel , Agbo Chinonyelum Emmanuel , Chiekwe Onyeka Stephanie , Eze Amarachi Esther , Nwachuya Chukwuemeka Augustine , Mmuo Somadina Sixtus , Nnedu Chiamaka Emmanuella , Isah Abdulmuminu
Published: February 2025

The implementation of pharmacist-led medication therapy management (MTM) has emerged as a pivotal strategy in modern healthcare, demonstrating considerable potential to revolutionize patient care, healthcare utilization, and cost-effectiveness. Pharmacist-led MTM is a patient-centric approach, utilizing pharmacists’ expertise to optimize medication usage and enhance patient outcomes. Through meticulous medication reviews, personalized medication plans, and continuous patient engagement, MTM addresses medication-related issues, tailors care strategies, and ensures adherence, resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced healthcare utilization and costs. Studies across diverse healthcare domains consistently illustrate the tangible benefits of pharmacist-led MTM. Reported outcomes include marked reductions in hospital visits, hospital readmissions due to medication-related issues, and substantial enhancements in medication adherence rates. Notably, in chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, pharmacist-led interventions not only improve clinical outcomes but also exhibit a positive return on investment for employers, underlining its cost-saving potential. Pharmacist-led interventions in human immunodeficiency virus management, hypertension, and other chronic diseases have demonstrated significant clinical improvements, including reduced hospitalizations and improved patient adherence to medication use. By actively addressing medication-related challenges, providing patient education, and ensuring medication adherence, pharmacists play a pivotal role in optimizing healthcare utilization and cost-effectiveness. The integration of MTM into chronic disease management and transitional care pathways emphasizes its transformative capacity in healthcare delivery. Pharmacist-led MTM consistently demonstrates its ability to mitigate drug-related problems, minimize unnecessary medication use, and enhance overall patient care, offering a promising avenue toward improved healthcare outcomes and cost savings.
Evaluation of orthodontic archwire and microbial adhesion during orthodontic therapy
Authors: Saini Saumya , Kumar Tarun , Kumar Santosh , Tomer Geetika , Tripathi Diksha , Khanna Manisha
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The study was done to assess the changes in surface roughness and composition after usage of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) and Stainless steel (SS) archwire and to compare the microbial adhesion relevant to surface roughness.

Material and Methods

The samples of orthodontic archwire were divided into 3 major groups – Group A consisted of NiTi wire (0.014”), which was further divided into 2 groups – Control (A1) and Case–control group. Group B consisted of SS round wire (0.016”), which was divided into 2 groups – control (B1) and case–control (B2), and Group C consisted of SS rectangular (0.016 × 0.022”), which was divided into 2 groups – control (C1) and case–control group (C2). Samples were studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and microbial culture at intervals of 0 and 1 month. SEM was done at ×500 and ×1000 magnification.

Result

The surface roughness of NiTi and SS archwire increases with usage. NiTi archwire composition alters with usage and a significant decrease in Nickel content. SS archwire composition also changes with the usage and a significant decrease in iron (Fe) and chromium (Cr) content. The anterior and posterior segments of the NiTi and SS, on comparison, show similar changes in surface and composition.

Conclusion

The microbial culture of the NiTi and SS shows no significant growth of Streptococcus mutants, Lactobacilli, and Candida albicans. Staphylococcus aureus culture was found in 3 cases of NiTi archwire but did not correlate with the surface roughness or the composition of the archwire.
Assessing orthodontic treatment need in virtual consultations: A comparative analysis of photographic evaluations and clinical grading
Authors: Low Yuxuan , Song Yi Lin , Yow Mimi , Wong Hung Chew , Tan Elaine Li Yen
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The increased use of virtual orthodontic consultations through photographic assessments prompts a need for rigorous evaluation to determine the accuracy and reliability compared to actual orthodontic treatment requirements. This study aimed to establish the consistency of orthodontic treatment need assessments from photographs, comparing evaluations between dental professionals and laypeople and the index of orthodontic treatment need dental health component (IOTN DHC) grading of study models within the same patient cohort.

Material and Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using intraoral photographs and digital study models selected from 50 orthodontic patients from a national dental center’s records archive, representing specific occlusal traits. Twenty-four assessors were categorized into orthodontists, general dentists, non-orthodontic specialists, orthodontic residents, and laypeople. Intergroup evaluations of treatment needs based on photographs were compared with the IOTN DHC grade of digital study models, employing Kappa statistics and percentage agreement for analysis.

Results

Agreement between photographic assessments and IOTN DHC grades varied from fair to substantial. Orthodontists, orthodontic residents, and general dentists exhibited higher agreement (k = 0.339–0.655) for photographic assessments in comparison to non-orthodontic specialists and laypeople (k = 0.075–0.468) against the IOTN DHC grade. Across all groups, agreement was substantial for photographs depicting crowding (k = 0.493–0.602) and low for spacing (k = −0.039–0.237). Spacing was perceived to require higher treatment intervention than indicated by IOTN DHC across all groups. Orthodontists and general dentists perceived reverse overjet, posterior crossbite, and lateral open bite photographs to necessitate higher treatment intervention compared to laypeople.

Conclusion

Photographic assessments of orthodontic treatment needs showed varying agreement with IOTN DHC grades, with dental professionals demonstrating higher consistency. Agreement was highest for crowding but lower for spacing, reverse overjet, posterior crossbite, and lateral open bite. These findings emphasize the need for improved patient-clinician communication and technological advancements to enhance virtual orthodontic assessments.
Bonded maxillary expander in growing patients with or without unilateral cleft lip and palate: How does it influence transversal and vertical dentoskeletal changes?
Authors: Nucci Ludovica , Piccirillo Marica , d’Apuzzo Fabrizia , Simeon Vittorio , Grassia Vincenzo , Adel Samar M.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Growing patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) usually show maxillary retrusion with constricted upper arch. Thus, orthodontic treatment with maxillary expansion is often needed. This study aimed to evaluate transversal and vertical changes in patients with or without UCLP after maxillary expansion.

Material and Methods

This observational retrospective study included patients aged between 7 and 14 years, with UCLP (test group) or without cleft lip and palate (controls), constricted upper arch and normodivergent growth pattern treated with a bonded maxillary expander. Patients with craniofacial syndromes, previous orthodontic treatment, or incomplete records were excluded. The digital dental casts and lateral radiographs of the head before (T0) and after treatment (T1) were collected and digitized by scanning with the 3ShapeTRIOS®. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA software. The Chi-square test was used for sex data in the two groups, and evaluation of the differences between the two groups was performed with the independent samples. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The study sample included 51 patients (10.0 ± 2.5 years), 21 patients with UCLP, and 30 patients as the control group. Before treatment, all the transversal values measured on the maxillary arch at the occlusal and gingival level, as well as the length of the arch, presented statistically significant differences between the two groups with P < 0.05. The comparison at T1 did not show significant differences between the two groups for the transversal values, except for the value measured between the second premolars at the gingival level (P < 0.05). The cephalometric values measured in the analysis in the two groups did not show a statistically significant difference, except for the I-SN who showed significant differences both at T0 and T1 due to the presence of previous scars in UCLP patients.

Conclusion

The UCLP group showed an improvement in all transverse diameters after treatment with the bonded maxillary expander without affecting the mandibular divergence and incisor inclination.
Asymptomatic pulseless disease in upper limbs: An unusual presentation of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Pawar Akash , Yadav Vaibhav , Joshi Prakash
Published: February 2025

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disorder of autoimmune etiology in young males, presents with inflammatory low back pain (axial skeleton) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 positivity. Aorta and its branches involvement is associated with AS; however, it is uncommon. We present a case of HLA-B27 positive AS with involvement of major aortic branches, emphasizing the necessity of suspicion, clinical, and cardiovascular assessment in these individuals. To the best of our knowledge, there have been relatively few cases recorded from India and rest of the world.
Synergizing yoga science and society for well-being through innovative yoga practices on International Day of Yoga 2024
Authors: Javed Danish , Surywanshi Chanchal , Malhotra Varun , Raghuvanshi Babita
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Yoga, a holistic practice with its roots in ancient India, has gained global acclaim for its comprehensive benefits to physical, mental, and spiritual health. The International Day of Yoga, celebrated annually on June 21, highlights yoga’s universal appeal and its role in fostering harmony and well-being across diverse communities. This paper explores the innovative yoga practices initiated by AIIMS Bhopal on the 10th International Yoga Day 2024, focusing on the synergy between scientific insights and societal well-being.

Material and Methods

AIIMS Bhopal, under the leadership of the Executive Director, implemented specialized yoga protocols tailored to address the specific health needs of various groups, including healthcare professionals, ITBP personnel, differently abled children, the elderly, and the general public. These protocols were validated by yoga Indo-Tibetian Border police experts and executed through a series of events, workshops, and daily sessions throughout June 2024. The events were promoted via a comprehensive media campaign to maximize outreach and engagement.

Results

The initiatives demonstrated significant improvement in participants’ physical and mental health, including enhanced flexibility, strength, stress reduction, and overall well-being. Specialized sessions for differently-abled children, ITBP personnel, and the elderly highlighted yoga’s adaptability and its benefits across demographics.

Conclusion

AIIMS Bhopal’s innovative approach on International Day of Yoga 2024 showcased the transformative potential of yoga when integrated with modern healthcare practices. Future initiatives should continue to tailor yoga programs for specific populations, promote community outreach, and incorporate yoga into medical education to enhance health and wellness on a broader scale.
Thiazide diuretics use & risk of falls & syncope among hypertensives: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yogesh M. , Karangia Mohil , Nagda Jay , Kankhara Freya , Parmar Parth Anilbhai , Shah Nandan
Published: February 2025

Background & Objectives

Although thiazide diuretics are frequently used to treat hypertension, they may also raise the risk of syncope and falls. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between hypertension individuals’ use of thiazide diuretics and falls or syncope.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study, conducted between March 2019 and March 2024, included 236 individuals with hypertension taking thiazides and 236 controls not taking thiazides. Data from electronic medical records were extracted, including demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data. The main outcome was the occurrence of syncope episodes or falls. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between various factors and falls/syncope risk.

Results

The study included 236 study participants taking thiazides (118 men, 118 women) and 236 controls not taking thiazides (118 men, 118 women). Study participants taking thiazides had a higher prevalence of hyponatremia (57 study participants, 24.1% vs. 31 study participants, 13.1%), hypokalaemia (52 study participants, 22% vs. 32 study participants, 13.6%), hypercalcemia (37 study participants, 15.7% vs. 17 study participants, 7.2%), metabolic alkalosis (89 study participants, 37.7% vs. 52 study participants, 22%), acute kidney injury (59 study participants, 25% vs. 30 study participants, 12.7%), and chronic kidney disease (89 study participants, 37.7% vs. 59 study participants, 25%) compared to controls (all P<0.05). The prevalence of falls/syncope events was significantly higher in the thiazide group (76 study participants, 32.2%) compared to the non-thiazide group (46 study participants, 19.5%), with a P value of 0.002. Multivariate analysis showed increased falls/syncope risk with age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.38], congestive heart failure (AOR=2.12), longer thiazide duration (AOR=1.21), hyponatremia (AOR=1.68), hypokalaemia (AOR=1.72), metabolic alkalosis (AOR=1.68), acute kidney injury (AOR=1.85), and decreased eGFR (AOR=1.22 per 10 ml/min/1.73m2 decrease).

Interpretation & Conclusion

Thiazide diuretic use in hypertensive patients is related to syncope, potentially mediated by electrolyte disturbances and renal impairment. These results highlight the importance of careful monitoring and individualized treatment approaches when prescribing thiazide diuretics to hypertensive patients.
Opioid Accessibility for Palliative Care in Nepal: A Review of Achievement and Remaining Challenges
Authors: Shrestha Rajeev , Shrestha Sunil , Shrestha Shakti , Shrestha Amrita , Paudel Bishnu Dutta , Munday Daniel
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to explore current opioid availability and accessibility for palliative care (PC) practice in Nepal. A narrative review was conducted by performing literature searches in electronic databases, grey literature, policy documents, and pharmaceutical websites. This was supplemented by utilising the authors’ expertise and experience in this field. Six different opioids are available in Nepal, including oral immediate and modified-release morphine formulations. Morphine is produced and distributed by only one manufacturer, which imports all raw materials from Europe. Access to morphine in rural areas is poor, with rural-level healthcare centres rarely stocking morphine, particularly in PC formulations. Fentanyl transdermal (TD) patch and methadone syrup are available in Nepal but are imported. The Fentanyl TD patch is extremely expensive, and methadone syrup is only available for the management of addiction. While opioid availability has increased in Nepal, there is a need to improve opioid accessibility for PC services, particularly in rural areas. Several approaches are explored in this review.