bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis Regulation in Dental Pulp Cells and PD-1/PD-L1 Expression Dynamics Under Ozone Exposure – A Pilot Approach
Authors: Ptasiewicz Maja , Orłowski Mirosław , Magryś Agnieszka , Kocki Janusz , Gosik Krzysztof , Stachurski Piotr , Chałas Renata
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of ozone on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes in dental pulp cells. Additionally, the programmed cell death protein 1, programmed death-ligand 1, and CD200 antigens were determined in lymphocytes to assess their surface expression. Dental pulp cells were cultured from extracted healthy third molars and characterized as dental pulp stromal cells. Gene expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was analyzed at 0 s, 6 s, and 12 s of ozone exposure using real-time PCR. Lymphocytes from dental pulp were subjected to ozone exposure for 12 s and PD-1, PD-L1, and CD200/CD200R expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Upon exposure to ozone for 6 s, the Bcl-2 expression decreased significantly to −0.09, and at 12 s, it increased significantly to 0.3. Bax gene expression level increased significantly to 0.188 after 6 s exposure, and at 12 s, to 0.16. Lymphocytes exposed to ozone for 12 s showed minimal changes in PD-1, PD-L1, and CD200/CD200R expression levels, indicating that oxidative stress does not impact the signaling pathways regulating these molecules. The significant upregulation of Bcl-2 at 12 s highlights the cells’ effort to protect themselves from prolonged oxidative stress, possibly tipping the balance toward cell survival and tissue repair. However, the absence of changes in PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on lymphocytes under oxidative stress suggests that these molecules are not sensitive to oxidative stress in this context.
Investigating Nanoindentation and Wear Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Ti48Al48Cr2Nb2 Alloy
Authors: R. Mphahlele Mahlatse , A. Olubambi Peter , Olevsky Eugene
Published: September 2024

This work studied spark plasma sintered Ti48Al48Cr2Nb2 alloy for their nanoindentation and wear properties. Results showed an improvement in nanoindentation properties of the compacts with an increase in holding time from 5min to 7.5min for the heating rate of 50°C/min and 100°C/min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the intensity of diffraction peaks of two major crystalline phases of Ti3Al2.25Nb0.75 and γ-TiAl. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of sintered compacts possessed varied microstructures due to different sintering parameters. The nearly lamellar structure showed a good balance of yield stress and fracture toughness. Wear tracks SEM analysis revealed the worn surface morphologies and the sample sintered for 7.5 min at the eating rate of 50°C/min sustained the least damage evident by the shallow grooves and narrow wear track. Profilometer measurements revealed the wear track depth and width, confirming the degree of wear for the samples sintered at varied conditions.
Nano Friction Behavior of Electroless Nickel Phosphorus Coatings
Authors: Ahmed Mizan , Sahoo Prasanta , Kalyan Das Suman
Published: September 2024

Nano-tribology is a field that has gained significant relevance in the last few years. Electroless nickel (EN) coatings have shown huge potential for tribology-based applications. The present research investigates the nanotribological behavior of different EN coatings, namely Ni-P, Ni-P-W, and Ni-P-Cu. The study involves testing coated pin specimens against a suitable counterface. A nano tribometer is used to test the specimens and measure the coefficient of friction (COF). The experiments are conducted by varying the sliding velocity while maintaining a constant load and vice versa. The surface topography of the coatings is examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). The findings reveal similarities in the nano frictional behavior of the coatings to their behavior in macro scale.
Electro-Mechanical Behavior of Copper-Based Electrical Motor Brushes
Authors: Ipek Hüseyin , Çuvalci Hamdullah , Özdemir Tekin
Published: September 2024

This study was mainly performed in order to examine the properties of electric motor brushes (EMB). EMBs are electrically conductive and work under wear conditions due to direct contact with the moving part (rotor) of electric motors. In accordance with the scope of the study, EMB characteristics were investigated in two different groups and reproduced with a new technique at the end of this phase. New EMBs were produced via varying proportions of copper matrix, graphene, and silicon carbide reinforcements. The composite-alloy powder elements were carefully squeezed by a cold and single-axis hydraulic press under a pressure of 500 MPa (±5 MPa) following 8 hours of mechanical alloying (MA). The molded composite product (sample) was sintered at 900° C for 1 hour in a reducing gas atmosphere. 100 kPa spring pressure was tested on each sample thrice with 8, 16, 24, and 32 m/s rotational speeds and densities of 4, 8, 12, and 16 A/cm2. Following this process, the electrical conductivity, porosity, hardness, wear loss, surface roughness, and temperature changes were investigated for each sample. It was determined that the electrical conductivity decreased with increasing reinforcement ratio and, in terms of electrical conductivity, affected the brushes’ properties negatively.
Tribology of Ti2/Cr2 and (TiCr)2AlCx MAX Phase Ceramics
Authors: Chandrashekhar Kamalapur Akshay , Suresha Bheemappa , Rangaraj Lingappa
Published: September 2024

The MAX phase ceramics namely Ti2AlCx, Cr2AlCx, and (TiCr)2AlCx were examined under dry sliding conditions against stainless steel ball at room temperature and 5 N applied normal load using a Ball-on-disk tribometer. At 5 N, 100 m sliding distance and 20 cm/s sliding velocity, Cr2AlCx, and (TiCr)2AlCx ceramic samples exhibited low specific wear rate (3.2 × 10-7 cm3/Nm and 4.2 × 10-7 cm3/Nm), while the coefficients of friction were 0.31 and 0.10, respectively. At 5 N, 100 m and increasing velocity from 5 cm/s to 20 cm/s, Ti2AlCx sample the coefficients of friction decreases from 0.25 to 0.14. The specific wear rate of Ti2AlCx sample was 6.7 × 10-7 cm3/N m at 5 N, 100 m and 5 m/s, and decreases with increasing velocity (3.3 × 10-7 cm3/N m at 20 m/s). The correlations between observed tribological properties and tribo-film characteristics were discussed.
Evaluation of Surface Quality and Productivity in Conventional Milling of Copper Beryllium Using Minimum Quantity Lubrication
Authors: N. Mwangi Ken , Wambua Job , M. Mwema Fredrick , M. Wakiru James , Jen Tien-Chien
Published: September 2024

Copper Beryllium (C17200) has ideal physical and mechanical properties of high fatigue strength, thermal conductivity, and hardness, making the alloy ideal for various high-reliability applications in aerospace, producing inserts and tooling for hazardous environments. However, surface quality and productivity challenges are prominent when processing the alloy due to its properties. This study evaluates the surface quality and productivity in end-milling of Copper Beryllium by analyzing the effects of feed rate, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) flow rate, and cutting depth on surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR). The experiment was designed using the Box-Behnken design, and the samples were machined on a CNC milling machine. The results showed that the MQL flow rate was significant to surface roughness, while the cutting depth was significant to MRR. The optimum parameters were determined as a feed rate of – 60 mm/min, an MQL flow rate of – 80 ml/hr., and a cutting depth of – 0.511 mm, which yielded a surface roughness of 0.12 µm and MRR of 10.19 g/min. The study's novelty is that it considers MQL flow using vegetable oil-based cutting fluid (CF) as an input parameter in machining, offering insight into eco-friendly and cost-effective machining practices. Finally, the significance of the study lies in investigating the machinability of Cu-Be alloy material, addressing challenges related to surface quality and productivity during milling operation.
Investigation on Microstructures, Hardness, Friction, and Wear of Cold Sprayed Ti6Al4V Coatings With Coating Thickness of 100-3000 µm
Authors: Win Khun Nay , Wei Yee Tana Adrian , Sun Wen , Liu Erjia
Published: September 2024

The effect of coating thickness (CT) on the microstructures, hardness, and wear of cold sprayed Ti-6Al-4V (CS-Ti64) coatings was systematically investigated since the prolonged high pressure CS deposition could change their microstructures and porosity levels. In addition, the CT was relatively important for their durability, performance, and service life. Therefore, the CS-Ti64 coatings with different CT of 100-3000 µm were prepared on commercially available Ti64 (CA-Ti64) substrates via high pressure CS processes. The CS-Ti64 coatings had low porosity levels wherewith severely deformed Ti64 particles with a crescent-shape could be seen in their cross-sectional microstructures. The hardness of the CS-Ti64 coatings increased with increased CT probably due to their lowered bulk porosity levels associated with longer high pressure CS deposition. As a result, the increased CT from 100 to 3000 µm resulted in a 9.8% decrease in the wear of the CS-Ti64 coatings. The wear of the CS-Ti64 coating with 3000 µm was 16.8% lower than that of the CA-Ti64 as all the CS-Ti64 coatings had lower wear than the CA-Ti64. It could be concluded that the prolonged high pressure CS deposition for the thick CS-Ti64 coatings had an influence on their porosity, hardness, and wear.
Wheel Squeal Mitigation Under Water Lubrication
Authors: Navrátil Václav , Galas Radovan , Klapka Milan , Kvarda Daniel , Omasta Milan
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the potential of applying water to the wheel-rail contact to reduce squealing noise. For this purpose, a twin-disc device with a single tram wheel and real wheel suspension stiffnesses was developed. Three types of tests were performed. During the tests, adhesion coefficient, sound pressure level and wheel axial vibration were measured. The tests under dry conditions were carried out to describe the frequency spectrum of wheel vibration and to establish reference values for further measurements. The tests under wet conditions were carried out to investigate the ability of water to reduce adhesion and noise. Finally, tests with varying amounts of water in contact were carried out because of the low adhesion risk. The experimental results showed that the twin-disc device was able to reproduce both the adhesion and noise properties of the contact. Tests with different amounts of water showed that the application of water can be a promising way to reduce squealing noise from wheel-rail contact.
Comparison of High-Temperature Wear Resistance of Gas-Flame and Ion-Plasma Sealing Coatings with 0.1% Yttrium
Authors: Kubich Vadim , Pavlenko Dmytro , Fasol Yelyzaveta , Syvachuk Olena
Published: September 2024

Wear-resistant sealing coatings of KNA-82 system with 0.1% yttrium addition for hot parts of gas-turbine engines, applied by gas-flame and ion-plasma methods, are considered. The introduction of yttrium increases the operating temperature from 900°C to 1100°C. The methodology of modeling of processes of contact interaction of engine parts under operating conditions has been developed. Tribotechnical tests modeling the contact of the coating surface with the rotor ridge tops and blade feathers have been carried out, after which linear wear has been measured and the results have been statistically processed. The gas-flame coatings show slower wear reduction at temperatures up to 800°C, while both coatings show similar properties at 1100°C. The improved properties are attributed to the formation of phase-like Ni3Y compound in the grain boundaries.
Experimental Study on Tribological, Rheological and Bio-degradability Characteristics of Canola Oil with TiO2 Nanoparticles as Bio-nanolubricants
Authors: Ravikiran Ravikiran , Ramamurthy Prakash Kupparavalli , Surendran Lathika Aravind , Ramanna Madhusudhana , Bandadka Sachin , Anand Ajay
Published: September 2024

In response to growing environmental concerns about the adverse effects of conventional lubricants, there has been a surge in the demand for eco-friendly alternatives. Biodegradable lubricants, crafted from renewable sources, represent a sustainable solution to address these environmental apprehensions. This research describes the tribological, rheological properties and biodegradability of rapeseed oil with 0.25 to 1.25 weight percent TiO2 nanoparticles as additives. The lubricant samples were prepared using a magnetic stirrer and an ultrasonic device. Friction and wear properties such as coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter were determined using a four-ball tester. In comparison with SAE20W40, samples 1 (0.25 weight percentage of TiO2) and sample 2 (0.5 weight percentage of TiO2) shown remarkably improved tribological performance, with 73.32% and 66.76% decreases in coefficient of friction (COF), respectively. Shear stress, shear rate and dynamic viscosity are analyzed using a rheometer. The acquired results are juxtaposed with both pure canola oil and various mineral oils for comparison. The nano-lubricant synthesized in this study emerges as a viable alternative to SAE10, DXT3 (steering fluid), and SAE20W50 grade oils, demonstrating lower friction and a reduced wear scar diameter. Biodegradability tests were performed on all generated samples using the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) apparatus, and all samples exhibited a BOD to Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ratio better than 0.5, indicating biocompatibility. The findings of the research investigation indicate that the combination of canola oil with TiO2 blends holds significant promise as an alternative to conventional synthetic lubricant oils.
Boriding of Low-Carbon Steel by Plasma Method: Microstructure and Coating Properties
Authors: Van Vinh Nguyen , Trung Thuy Nguyen , Andrey Evgenievich Balanovskiy
Published: September 2024

In materials science, steel boration is a promising type of thermochemical diffusion process, the purpose of which is the introduction of hard and wear-resistant boride particles into the surface layers of the metal. The main disadvantage of boration is the fragility of borated layers, especially boride. Currently, there are promising methods for the formation of a composite structure, which are based on the treatment of surface layers of steels with concentrated energy flows (laser, electron beam and plasma). The work includes studies of microstructure, hardness measurements, analysis of phase composition, and determination of chemical composition in local locations, wear tests under various conditions, and adhesion testing of the coatings obtained after plasma boration. As the degree of alloying of the molten layer decreases in the direction from the surface to the base metal, zones of overeutectic, eutectic and pre-eutectic types with a different combination of structural components are formed. The material obtained after borating a mixture of 40% B + 10% Fe is characterized by the highest level of microhardness, which is 1000...1300 HV. The highest results in friction tests are provided by boration of a powder mixture of 40% B + 10% Fe.
Standardization in Tribology
Authors: Deleanu Lorena , Georgescu Constantin , Catalin Cristea George , Florian Ionescu Traian , Dionis Guglea , Ghiocel Ojoc George , Dima Dumitru , Paduraru Iulia
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an analysis of standards applied in tribology, especially concerning materials, test methods and failures of machine components, related to exploitation under load and motion. By the help of their own research and based on open literature, the authors justify the use of standards in tribology, but also the researchers’ initiative to develop new and more particular test methods and materials with application in tribology, starting from the already standardized ones. The market asks for products that could be rapidly and efficiently assessed by standards, but laboratory work ask for standards in order to compare old and new, original solutions. Thus, using standards does not block the researchers’ work, but helps to point out the new solution and even to develop new materials and test methods that accelerates the introduction of these new solution in actual applications. There are given examples of applying standards in tribology laboratories and how they are used or extend in order to point out a beneficial aspect of the tribological behavior.
Polymeric Composites: Failures in Dry Sliding on Steel
Authors: Deleanu Lorena , Cantaragiu Ceoromila Alina , Georgescu Constantin , Botan Mihail , Ghiocel Ojoc George , Gabriela Chiracu Ioana
Published: September 2024

The investigation of a tribosystem failure is important in establishing its causes with the highest probability. This paper proposes a discussion on particular aspects of failure in polymeric composites sliding against steel in dry regime. At micro level, failure mechanisms of polymeric composites in dry sliding on steel could explain damages or malfunctioning at macro scale and initiate solutions. Investigating the tribolayers of both components in contact by scanning electron microscopy or optical microscopy helps identifying dominant wear mechanisms and failures produces under given operating conditions of the system. These conditions could be partially or totally reproduced at laboratory scale, with simpler testers that will facilitate this investigation at micro scale. The authors concluded that these studies of the failure mechanisms, based on images before and after test end are beneficial in understanding the tribological behavior of polymeric composite sliding against steel and in improving the operating parameters of a system, including precision, durability, maintenance and could be the initiation of formulating a new composite, a new shape or/and a new set of functioning parameters of the system.
Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of TiN and CrN Films Coated on SS304 Stainless Steel Using Cathodic Arc Deposition
Authors: Van Huy Vu , B. Rodionov Nikolai , A. Karpov Valery , Thanh Binh Ngo , Thanh Van Doan , Van Thanh Nguyen
Published: September 2024

Monolayer (TiN/Ti) and multilayer films (TiN/Ti; CrN/Ti, TiN/CrN/Ti) with an average thickness of 2300 nm were deposited on SS304 steel using the cathodic arc deposition method. Analysis revealed the presence of numerous macroparticles (peaks) and pinholes (valleys) uniformly distributed across the surface. The monolayer film exhibited superior surface quality compared to the multilayer films but demonstrated poor adhesion to the substrate. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy detected a noticeable shift in the preferred orientation of the deposited film, transitioning from (111) to (200) when employing a multilayer structure. Applying ceramic coatings onto stainless steel induced significant alterations in the potentiodynamic polarization curves of monolayer and multilayer films, resulting in a shift towards more noble potentials and lower corrosion currents than the substrate. Furthermore, the potential passive range expanded when employing multilayer structures based on TiN and CrN.
Comparative Investigation of Lubricant Properties of Pongamia and Castor Oil Bio Lubricant Blended with (SAE20W40) Mineral Oil
Authors: Sahu Ajoy , Saha Niharendu
Published: September 2024

The present work deals with the comparative evaluation of physicochemical, rheological FTIR and tribological properties between pongamia and castor oil blended with SAE20W40 by varying their proportions ranging from 10-30% (by volume) as bio-lubricant. Among all the blends, the flash point and pour point of castor blend S4 were found to be 281°C and -19°C which can be comparable to SAE20W40. The viscosity at 40°C and 100°C and viscosity index of castor blends were approximately 100 mm2/s, 14 mm2/s and 145 respectively. FTIR analysis also confirms the presence of vital carbonyl ester functional group in castor blends with oxidation onset temperature of 243°C. The tribological studies that were carried out using pin on disc tribometer as per ASTM G99-95a standards also showed that blend S4 had coefficient of friction 0.056 at higher load which was comparable to SAE20W40. Although all the blends had low oxidation stability temperature, yet castor blend S4 showed equivalent properties with commercial lubricant SAE20W40. This confirmed its suitability as a bio-lubricant base stock, supported by its physiochemical, rheological, FTIR, tribological properties.
Optimization and Analysis of Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of AlCrTiSiN Coated SKD61 Steel Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Supachoke Yupin , Siwawut Sutham , Srisattayakul Parinya , Kumkoon Piyapong , Ngaohiranpat Kessinee
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research is to investigate the wear behavior of SKD61 steel coated with AlCrTiSiN using the Filtered cathodic arc plasma deposition coating method while adhering to VDI 3198 standards for coating adhesion assessment. Dry sliding wear tests, conducted according to ASTM G133-05. The experiment is designed using response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the response parameter as the wear rate, with independent parameters of interest including load, sliding velocity, and sliding distance ranging from 5 to 11N, 0.1 to 0.2 m/s, and 250 to 550 m, respectively. Additionally, wear characteristics are analyzed using SEM-EDS analysis. The wear test results demonstrate that load had the most significant impact on the wear rate, followed by distance and speed, respectively. The target of achieving minimal wear rate was attained with a load of 5 N, a sliding velocity of 0.11 m/s, and a sliding distance of 550 m. Model significance testing revealed that the determination coefficient (R2) and adjusted determination coefficient values, indicating the accuracy of the model, were equal to 93.96% and 88.53%, respectively.
Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium abscessus septic arthritis following an intra-articular steroid injection; a case report
Authors: Mulindwa Frank , Chaudhary Sana , Estrella Jewel , Kandanati Vivek
Published: September 2024

Background:

Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus), a rapidly growing Mycobacterium (RGM) is an emergent cause of soft tissue and musculoskeletal infections. Treatment is often complicated by commonly occurring intrinsic and acquired resistance to not only the classical anti-tuberculous agents but also to most currently available antibiotics.

Case presentation:

We present a case of left thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint septic arthritis in a 66-year-old American Caucasian woman following an intra-articular steroid injection for osteoarthritis treatment. She did not improve on conventional empirical cellulitis treatment prompting culture and sensitivity assays. Mycobacterium abscessus Deoxyribonucleic acid was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with additional cultures growing the same organism within a week. Samples were sent to the New York State Department of Health for a full culture and sensitivity profile which demonstrated extensive resistance to antibacterial agents including conventional anti-tuberculous agents.

Conclusion:

This case not only highlights the importance of having a high degree of suspicion for M. abscessus in joint and soft tissue infections not improving to commonly used empirical therapies even in low prevalent areas. It also underlines the importance of performing cultures and sensitivity given antibiotic combinations for most RGM infections should be sensitivity guided.
The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and its association with sleep problems among high school students in Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional
Authors: Alhothali Taif , Gheliwi Hasnaa , Abdullah Alaaddin , Alharbi Alaa , Khusayfan Ahmed , Fatani Zayna , Aburiziza Abullah
Published: September 2024

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most chronic pediatric diseases worldwide that negatively affects sleep quality.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of AR among high school students in Saudi Arabia and to evaluate the association of sleep problems in this population.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in four regions of Saudi Arabia among high school students from grades 10 to 12 (15-18 years) of both genders. Data about the participants' demographics were collected and the sleep quality was assessed by the global Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Results: The mean age of students was 17.6 ± 1.4 years, 199 (51.2%) were females, 358 (92%) were single, 187 fathers (48.1%) worked in the governmental sector, 198 (50.9%) reported a family monthly income exceeding 10,000 SR, 33 (8.5%) were smokers, and 207 (53.2%) had a family history of chest and nose allergies or AR. The grade point average was excellent for 305 (78.4%) students. The most reported nasal symptoms were sneezing 277 (71.2%), and 241 (68.9%) reported nasal symptoms more frequent during the winter. House dust aggravates nasal problems among (61%), 109 (28%) had AR, and 151 (38.8%) were poor sleepers. Family history was significantly associated with having AR. A significant association was found between AR and poor sleep and students with AR were 22 times more likely to qualify as poor sleepers than those without (OR = 22.2; 95% CI: 12.1-40.7).
Conclusion: Treating AR is crucial to improving the health of students with AR. There is a need to develop strategies to enhance children's sleep quality.
Awareness of women at reproductive age towards premenstrual syndrome and its association with psychosocial and lifestyle variables in al Qassim region
Authors: Aljumayi Sultanah , Almutairi Rasha , Alamr Deem , Shoaib Fatema , Bahakeem Reem , Aljarallah Fai , Alharbi Seham , Alhabardi Nadiyah
Published: September 2024

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) significantly impacts women's health and daily functioning. This study investigated the awareness and prevalence of PMS among women aged 15 to 40 in the Al Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to identify gaps in awareness and establish correlations between lifestyle choices and PMS severity.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, targeting 400 women selected through random sampling. Data were collected via an online self-assessment questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, PMS diagnostic criteria, and awareness levels. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, employing chi-square tests to explore relationships between variables.
Results: The results showed no significant association between physical activity (χ2(1) = 0.48, p = 0.489), relaxation exercises (p = 0.615), and smoking (p = 1) with PMS symptoms. However, a significant association existed between depression and PMS symptoms (χ²(1) = 8.51, p = 0.004), underscoring the need for mental health interventions. Additionally, vitamin intake was significantly associated with menstrual cycle regularity, suggesting potential benefits of nutritional supplementation. These findings contributed to a deeper understanding of PMS in the context of Al Qassim's cultural and environmental factors, offering valuable insights for public health initiatives and healthcare providers in developing targeted treatment strategies for affected women.
Conclusion: The study examined menstrual cycle regularity and PMS symptoms, exploring their relationships with lifestyle factors. The research investigated how smoking, depression, physical activity, relaxation, and vitamin intake impacted these reproductive health outcomes. Regular exercise and relaxation showed no significant effects, but there was a substantial correlation between depression and the severity of PMS symptoms.
Assessment of sciatica pain awareness among adults in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alshanqiti Ahmed , Taha Medhat , Bannan Omar , Bannan Humood , Aljidaani Mohammed , Shankiti Mustafa , Alkhiriy Hussein , Alomry Talal , Al-Maidy Khalid , Alnashri Ali , Almaashi Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Background: Sciatica is a common debilitating condition caused by compression of the sciatic nerve root (L4- S3), often due to narrowing of the vertebral canal or trauma such as vertebral disk protrusion or prolapse. Its peak incidence was in the fourth decade of life and had an annual incidence rate of 1%-5%. In Saudi Arabia, with the increasing prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, evaluating public awareness of sciatica is essential. This study aims to assess the level of awareness about sciatica pain among adults in the Makkah region.
Methods: A web-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years and above in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. The minimum calculated sample size was 385 participants, which was increased to 600 to enhance study robustness. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via social media. The questionnaire included 15 questions across three sections: sociodemographic characteristics, personal and family history of sciatica, and awareness of sciatica using a three-point Likert scale.
Results: The study included 601 participants, with males constituting 54%, individuals aged 20-40 years representing 60%, 50% were employed and 63% had pursued a university education or beyond. Approximately 7.5% had a history of sciatica, 64% lacked a family history, and 41% lacked information on sciatica. The mean knowledge score was 9.79 ± 2.16, with 56.7% demonstrating good knowledge. Significant factors influencing sciatica knowledge included age (p = 0.013), and education (p = 0.047). Higher knowledge levels were associated with personal (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.23, 7.07) and family history of sciatica (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.64), and prior information about sciatica (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 2.08, 4.42). Males had significantly lower knowledge of sciatica than females (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.66).
Conclusion: The study reveals a moderate level of awareness about sciatica among adults in the Makkah region, with significant gaps influenced by gender, education, and personal or family history of the condition. Enhanced public health initiatives and educational programs are essential to address these gaps and improve patient outcomes.
ONE-STAGE CORRECTION OF CHRONIC ULNAR NERVE INJURIES
Authors:   Department of Surgical Diseases № 2 named after Academician N.U. Usmanov, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, MALIKOV M.KH. , KHASANOV M.A. ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 2 named after Academician N.U. Usmanov, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, MAKHMADKULOVA N.A. ,   Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: September 2024

Objective: : To enhance the outcomes of surgical treatment for chronic ulnar nerve injuries by performing one-stage correction. Methods: From 2015 to 2023, 11 patients with chronic ulnar neurovascular bundle (NVB) injuries underwent one-stage reconstruction to restore hand function. The operations were performed on 8 men and 3 women aged 16 to 23. The duration of treatment for patients from the time of injury varied from 1.2 years to 5 years Results: In cases where there was a diastasis between the neural ends of no more than 3 cm in the upper third of the forearm due to nerve damage, restoration of the nerve with epineural suture was performed in 2 patients, while in two other cases with more significant gaps of 3.5 and 5 cm, epineural repair was carried out after anterior transposition of the nerve trunk. In one case of nerve damage in the middle third of the forearm, epineural sutures were applied to a 2.5 cm gap. Among 6 patients with damage to the ulnar NVB in the lower third of the forearm, 4 received epineural restoration of the ulnar nerve, and autologous neuroplasty was performed in gaps exceeding 3 cm in 2 patients. In cases of damage to the ulnar artery, 3 patients received autologous vein grafting, while in 3 other cases, there were no indications for vascular reconstruction. No infectious or inflammatory complications were observed in the immediate postoperative period, and there were no cases of thrombosis of autologous vein grafts of the ulnar artery. After evaluating all patients for 6 months to 2 years, it was found that 9 cases showed favorable and satisfactory long-term functional outcomes, while 2 cases exhibited unsatisfactory results. Conclusion: Restoring hand function after damage to the ulnar nerve is greatly influenced by the location, extent, and type of the damage, as well as the choice of an appropriate reconstruction method. Breaking the procedure into multiple stages can prolong patient recovery and negatively impact treatment outcomes. Conversely, performing the operation in a single stage within a relatively short timeframe can restore hand function and significantly reduce overall treatment and rehabilitation time Keywords: Ulnar nerve, neurovascular bundle, injury, tendon-muscular transfer, epineural suture
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION AND BLOOD GAS COMPOSITION IN CHILDREN WITH HEREDITARY HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Diseases № 2, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, ISMOILOV K.I. , KHUSENOVA M.S. ,   Department of Pediatric Diseases № 2, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: September 2024

Objective: Investigation of the connection between the changes of the blood gas composition and external respiration (ER) disorders in children with hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA) Methods: Forty-eight children with HHA hospitalized in the Pediatric Hematology Department of the National Medical Center of the Republic of Tajikistan “Shifobakhsh” (NMCRT) were examined. The patients were divided into three groups based on the severity of anemia: group 1 – 18 (37.5%) children with mild HHA, group 2 – 20 (41.7%) children with moderate HHA and group 3 – 10 (20.8%) children with severe HHA. The control group included 20 healthy children of comparable age and gender distribution. All patients with HHA underwent blood gas analysis and ER tests Results: There was no significant difference the blood acid-base status (ABS) between the children of the control and mild HHA groups: (pH – 7.36 [7.35; 7.36], pCO2 – 36.0 [35.3; 37.1], HCO3 - −24.8 [23.9; 24.5]) vs. (pH – 7.35 [7.35; 7.37], pCO2 – 39.4 [37.4; 40.6], HCO3 - − 22.8 [22.1; 23.6]) respectively. These parameters in children with moderate and severe HHA (pH – 7.32 [7.31; 7.33], pCO2 – 42.6 [41.8; 46.0], HCO3 - − 17.3 [17.0; 17.7]) and (pH – 7.28 [7.27; 7.29], pCO2 – 51.3 [50.3; 51.7], HCO3 - − 15.5 [14.8; 16.3]) respectively, were significantly different from the control group. Spirographic parameters in patients with moderate (Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1 ) – 79.5 [79.5; 81.0], Tiffeneau index (TI) – 75.7 [74.9; 77.3], Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) – 78.4 [77.8; 80.6])} and severe anemia (FEV1 – 67.6 [66.8; 68.2], IT – 83.0 [83.8; 84.6], FVC – 66.0 [65.8; 68.2]) were significantly different from those with mild anemia (FEV1 – 82.3 [81.7; 83.8], TI – 75.8 [74.9; 76.8], FVC – 85.3 [84.2; 85.6]) and the control group (FEV1 – 86.9 [85.5; 88.3], IT – 75.2 [74.8; 75.9], FVC – 85.4 [84.5; 86.3]) Conclusion: The results of the study revealed pronounced changes in blood ABS and pulmonary ventilation disorder in children with a severe form of HHA Keywords: Hereditary hemolytic anemia, external respiration, hypoxia, acidosis.
STRATIFIED APPROACH TO PREVENTION OF NO-REFLOW PHENOMENON DURING ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors:   Department of Endovascular Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment, Alexander Hospital, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, BESSONOV E.YU. , SHISHKEVICH A.N. ,   1st Department of Advanced Training Surgery, Military Medical Academy named after C.M. Kirov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, MIKHAYLOV S.S. ,   1st Department of Advanced Training Surgery, Military Medical Academy named after C.M. Kirov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, KRAVCHUK V.N. ,   1st Department of Advanced Training Surgery, Military Medical Academy named after C.M. Kirov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

Objective: To develop and test an algorithm for no-reflow phenomenon (NRP) prevention during endovascular treatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) Methods: A prospective single-center randomized study included 100 patients diagnosed with STEMI who underwent coronary artery stenting. Group 1 included 50 patients who were operated using an algorithm for the NRP prevention, while Group 2 included 50 patients who underwent routine transluminal balloon angioplasty and stenting of the coronary arteries. The NRP risk was assessed using the predictive model by Wang JW et al Results: Both groups were comparable in terms of anamnestic and clinical data, biochemical and instrumental examination results. High NRP risk was determined in 36% of Group 1 patients and 40% of Group 2 patients. NRP developed significantly less often in Group 1 patients compared to Group 2 (14% vs. 36%, p=0.01). Worsening of Killip class of acute heart failure was found significantly less common in Group 1 patients compared to Group 2 (2% versus 16%, p=0.03) Conclusion: The proposed algorithm for NRP prevention increased the effectiveness of treatment for STEMI Keywords: ST-elevation myocardial infarction, myocardial revascularization, percutaneous coronary intervention, no-reflow phenomenon.
PREDICTION OF PERSISTENT PERITONITIS IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors:   Department of General Surgery № 2, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, ABDULLOZODA J.A. , SARAEV A.R. ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1 named after Academician K.M. Kurbonov, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, NAZAROV SH.K. ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1 named after Academician K.M. Kurbonov, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, ALI-ZADE S.G. ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1 named after Academician K.M. Kurbonov, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: September 2024

Objective: Improve the treatment results of patients with diffuse peritonitis by accurately predicting the progression of persistent peritonitis to septic shock in the postoperative period Methods: The study involved 75 patients with diffuse peritonitis. These patients were split into two groups based on whether their peritonitis persisted after surgery and if they needed further surgery. The study used pre- and intraoperative clinical and laboratory predictors to determine the progression of peritonitis to septic shock Results: The preoperative CT attenuation coefficient of intraperitoneal fluid, measured in Hounsfield units (HU), was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (28.35 HU vs. 18.3 HU; p<0.001). The scores on the Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) were also significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (25 versus 16; p<0.001). Additionally, the levels of presepsin (PSEP), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were higher in the study group compared to the control group (p<0.001): 1149.1 (153.7-2591) pg/ml, 12.7815 (4.286-22.557) ng/ml, and 232.5 (162.2-312.4) mg/l in the study group, and 410.3 (56.1-980.9) pg/ml, 3.087 (0.995-13.399) ng/ml, and 120.8 (25.7-280) mg/l in the control group, respectively Conclusion: The proposed method for predicting the progression of peritonitis to septic shock is based on the MPI score and the CT attenuation coefficient of intraperitoneal fluid, in combination with biomarkers of inflammation such as PSEP, PCT, and CRP. This method allows practical surgeons to recognize persistent peritonitis, be prepared for the deterioration of a patient's condition with the progression of persistent peritonitis to septic shock, and perform a timely and appropriate surgical intervention Keywords: Persistent peritonitis, tertiary peritonitis, Hounsfield unit, inflammatory markers.
POSTOPERATIVE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION: PREDICTORS, DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute, Tambov, Russian Federation, YAMSHCHIKOV O.N. ,   Kotovsk City Clinical Hospital, Kotovsk, Russian Federation, MARCHENKO A.P. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute, Tambov, Russian Federation,   Kotovsk City Clinical Hospital, Kotovsk, Russian Federation, EMELYANOV S.A. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute, Tambov, Russian Federation,   Kotovsk City Clinical Hospital, Kotovsk, Russian Federation, IGNATOVA С.А. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute, Tambov, Russian Federation, MARCHENKO N.A. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute, Tambov, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

This review describes postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), the incidence of which, according to the results of various studies, ranges from 4% to 65%. The problem of cognitive impairment in the postoperative period has recently received increasing attention from both researchers and practicing physicians of various specialties, especially anesthesiologists-resuscitators who treat these patients at all stages of the treatment process. The prevalence of POCD has yet to be studied in more depth. The relevance of this problem is associated with cognitive deficit, which affects the quality of life of patients, extended duration of inpatient treatment, and increasing frequency of severe life-threatening complications and death. Based on numerous studies, the article presents the main predictors of POCD and describes the main links in the pathogenesis of this condition. Neuropsychological testing is carried out to assess cognitive impairment before surgery and in the postoperative period. It allows for diagnosing this pathology and provides timely prevention and treatment of this condition. If predictors of cognitive dysfunction are identified, correction of the respective disorders is performed. Pharmacological agents are considered as prevention options. Patients with a high probability of POCD are offered neuroprotectors, antihypoxants, antioxidants, neuroplasticity stimulators, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). One of the promising drugs used for the prevention and treatment of POCD and postoperative delirium is dexmedetomidine, an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist, a drug with pleiotropic action (anxiolytic, sedative, sympatholytic, and analgesic). Data for this paper on postoperative cognitive disorders were collected from the electronic scientific databases PubMed, Elibrary, Cyberleninka for 2014-2023. This literature review clearly demonstrates the high prevalence of postoperative cognitive impairment, including postoperative delirium. The problem of maintaining and restoring higher mental functions in patients undergoing surgery is one of the global challenges of modern medicine Keywords: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction, predictors of cognitive dysfunction, delirium, dexmedetomidine.
PEDIATRIC UROLITHIASIS: PREDISPOSING FACTORS AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS IN OUTPATIENT SETTING
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Surgery № 1, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan, YUSUPOV SH.A. , KHAKIMOVA L.R. ,   Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, Faculty of Continuing Professional Education, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: September 2024

Objective: To optimize the algorithm for early diagnosis of urolithiasis (UL) in children, considering risk factors, clinical and functional characteristics of the disease, and immunogenetic predisposition in an outpatient setting Methods: The literature on managing children with UL outside the hospital was thoroughly analyzed to achieve the goal. Medical records, risk factors, including immunogenetic predisposition, and clinical and laboratory investigation results of 652 hospitalized children with UL were studied. Additionally, a retrospective study of 379 outpatient records (the control group) and a prospective study of 1275 children (the study group) aged 1 to 18 was conducted. Based on the outpatient records analysis, the effectiveness of current and optimized management algorithms for children with UL was compared Results: As a result of the research, an algorithm for early diagnosis and prediction of UL in children, considering risk factors, including immunogenetic predisposition, was developed. The algorithm evaluates the risk of developing UL based on a thirteen-point checklist that assesses benefits and risks to provide a personalized risk score for each child. Based on this risk score, additional therapeutic interventions are determined for each patient Conclusion: The algorithm developed for early diagnosis and prediction of UL in children helps identify the condition at a preclinical stage in an outpatient setting. This algorithm categorizes patients into low-, moderate-, or high-risk groups and guides their management accordingly Keywords: Urolithiasis in children, early diagnosis, risk factors, prediction of urolithiasis, genetic factors, prelithiasis, outpatient service.
RETINAL ASTROCYTIC HAMARTOMA: CLINICAL FEATURES
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, YAROVOY A.A. , MIROSHNIKOV V.I. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, MALAKSHINOVA E.O. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, VOLODIN D.P. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, YAROVAYA V.A. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

Objective: To present the clinical features of retinal astrocytic hamartoma (RAH) based on the acquired experience Methods: Medical records were analyzed on 10 patients diagnosed with RAH at the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia, between 2013 and 2023. The average age of the patients was 16 years (range, 1 month – 32 years). Among these patients were 6 men, 1 woman, and 3 children (1 boy and 2 girls). The patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including visometry, tonometry, perimetry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and B-scan ultrasonography to determine the location and size of the lesion, as well as optical coherence tomography (OCT) for secondary retinal detachment Results: The average visual acuity (VA) of patients at the time of diagnosis was 0.7 (range, 0.16-1.0). VA in young children was assessed by tracking moving objects. All children were able to fixate and actively track the object. Most patients (n=8; 80%) were diagnosed with RAH based on the clinical (ophthalmoscopic) picture of the fundus, ultrasound, and OCT data. The average height of the RAH was 1.7 mm (range, 1.0 to 3.2 mm), and the average length was 4.2 mm (range, 0.4 to 7.6 mm). In all cases, the B-scan results showed lesions with hyperechogenicity of high amplitude. 4 patients displayed common signs – thickening of the neuroepithelium with optically empty spaces with a lobulated, "moth-eaten" appearance on the OCT. In contrast, the remaining patients had a homogeneous hyper-reflective thickening of the neuroepithelium in the lesion area. Two patients (20%) had cystoid macular edema in the fovea and secondary flat detachment of the neuroepithelium extending from the hamartoma to the fovea Conclusion: Differential diagnosis of RAH and retinoblastoma (RB) is crucial because, if misdiagnosed, it leads to unnecessary and aggressive treatment Keywords: Astrocytic hamartoma, differential diagnosis, clinical features, ultrasound, optical coherence tomography