bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telehealth for Cancer Care in Veterans: Opportunities and Challenges Revealed by COVID
Authors: Jiang Cindy Y. , El-Kouri Nadeem T. , Elliot David , Shields Jenna , Caram Megan E. V. , Frankel Timothy L. , Ramnath Nithya , Passero Vida A.
Published: September 2020

The Veterans Health Administration system is one of the largest integrated health care providers in the United States, delivering medical care to > 9 million veterans. Barriers to delivering efficient health care include geographical limitations as well as long wait times. Telehealth has been used as a solution by many different health care services. However, it has not been as widely used in cancer care. In 2018, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pittsburgh Healthcare System expanded the use of telehealth to provide antineoplastic therapies to rural patients by creating a clinical video telehealth clinic of the Virtual Cancer Care Network. This allows oncologists located at the tertiary center to virtually deliver care to remote sites. The recent COVID-19 pandemic forced oncologists across the VA system to adopt telehealth to provide continuity of care. On the basis of our review and personal experience, we have outlined opportunities for telehealth to play a role in every step of the cancer care journey from diagnosis to therapy to surveillance to clinical trials for medical, surgical, and radiation oncology. There are many advantages, such as decreased travel time and potential cost savings; however, there continues to be challenges with veterans having access to devices and the Internet as well as understanding how to use telehealth equipment. The lessons learned from this assessment of the VA telehealth system for cancer care can be adopted and integrated into other health systems. In the future, there needs to be evaluation of how telehealth can be further incorporated into oncology, satisfaction of veterans using telehealth services, overcoming telehealth barriers, and defining metrics of success.
Airway Management Through a Facial Defect Resulting From Noma (Orofacial Gangrene): A Case Report
Authors: Sund Gregory C. , Muvunyi Pamphile , Harling Michael J.
Published: September 2020

At a rural district hospital in Burundi, a 3-year-old severely malnourished girl with Noma presented to the operating room for placement of a gastrostomy tube. The child had a large left-sided facial defect as well as trismus. After induction of general anesthesia, the anesthesia provider was unable to open her mouth. Given that the hospital has no fiberoptic bronchoscope, direct laryngoscopy and intubation were performed directly through her facial defect. After securing the airway, the surgery proceeded without difficulty.
Quantitative analysis of subcellular distributions with an open-source, object-based tool
Authors: Ryder Pearl V. , Lerit Dorothy A.
Published: September 2020

The subcellular localization of objects, such as organelles, proteins, or other molecules, instructs cellular form and function. Understanding the underlying spatial relationships between objects through colocalization analysis of microscopy images is a fundamental approach used to inform biological mechanisms. We generated an automated and customizable computational tool, the SubcellularDistribution pipeline, to facilitate object-based image analysis from 3D fluorescence microcopy images. To test the utility of the SubcellularDistribution pipeline, we examined the subcellular distribution of mRNA relative to centrosomes within syncytial Drosophila embryos. Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers, and RNA enrichments at centrosomes are of emerging importance. Our open-source and freely available software detected RNA distributions comparably to commercially available image analysis software. The SubcellularDistribution pipeline is designed to guide the user through the complete process of preparing image analysis data for publication, from image segmentation and data processing to visualization.
The Rab11 effectors Fip5 and Fip1 regulate zebrafish intestinal development
Authors: Jewett Cayla E. , Appel Bruce H. , Prekeris Rytis
Published: September 2020

The Rab11 apical recycling endosome pathway is a well-established regulator of polarity and lumen formation; however, Rab11-vesicular trafficking also directs a diverse array of other cellular processes, raising the question of how Rab11 vesicles achieve specificity in space, time, and content of cargo delivery. In part, this specificity is achieved through effector proteins, yet the role of Rab11 effector proteins in vivo remains vague. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to study the role of the Rab11 effector Fip5 during zebrafish intestinal development. Zebrafish contain two paralogous genes, fip5a and fip5b, that are orthologs of human FIP5. We find that fip5a and fip5b mutant fish show phenotypes characteristic of microvillus inclusion disease, including microvilli defects and lysosomal accumulation. Single and double mutant analyses suggest that fip5a and fip5b function in parallel and regulate trafficking pathways required for assembly of keratin at the terminal web. Remarkably, in some genetic backgrounds, the absence of Fip5 triggers protein upregulation of a closely related family member, Fip1. This compensation mechanism occurs both during zebrafish intestinal development and in tissue culture models of lumenogenesis. In conclusion, our data implicate the Rab11 effectors Fip5 and Fip1 in a trafficking pathway required for apical microvilli formation.
A comparison of two modalities of stereotactic body radiation therapy for peripheral early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: results of a prospective French study
Authors: Claude Line , Morelle Magali , Mahé Marc-André , Pasquier David , Boisselier Pierre , Bondiau Pierre Yves , Touboul Emmanuel , Peignaux-Casasnovas Karine , Martel-Lafay Isabelle , Gassa Frederic , Perrier Lionel , Dussart Sophie , Beckendorf Veronique
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

This prospective, observational, non-randomized multicentric study was conducted to compare efficiency and toxicity using different modalities of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in early-stage peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

From 9 April to 11 December, 106 patients were treated according to the local equipment availability for peripheral NSCLC with SBRT: 68 by linear accelerator equipped for SBRT and 38 by Cyberknife®. Multivariate analysis and propensity score analysis using Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting (IPTW) were undertaken in an effort to adjust for potential bias due to non-randomization.

Results:

2-year local control rates were 97.0% (95% CI: [90.6%; 99.4%]) with SBRT by Linac vs 100% (95% CI: ([100%; 100%]) with Cyberknife® (p = 0.2839). 2-year PFS and 2-year OS rates were 52.7% (95% CI [39.9%;64.0%]) versus 54.1% (95% CI [36.8; 68.6%]) (p = 0.8582) and 65.1% (95% CI: [51.9%; 75.5%] versus 83.9% (95% CI: [67.5%; 92.4%] (p = 0.0831) using Linac and Cyberknife® respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicates no significant effect of SBRT treatment type on PFS or OS. Local relapse could not be modeled due to the small number of events (n = 2). Acute and late toxicity rates were not significantly different. After IPTW adjustment, results were unchanged.

Conclusions:

No difference in efficiency or toxicity was shown after SBRT of peripheral NSCLC treatment using Linac or Cyberknife®.

Advances in knowledge:

This is the first large prospective non-randomized study focusing on peripheral localized NSCLC comparing SBRT using an appropriately equipped linac with Cyberknife®. No significant difference in efficiency or toxicity was shown in this situation.
Efeito das “promessas terapêuticas” sobre os preços de medicamentos em tempos de pandemia
Authors: De Paiva Amanda Maria , Pinto Athos Wellington da Silva , Cançado Bruno Lobato , Chequer Farah Maria Drumond , Pereira Mariana Linhares , Baldoni André Oliveira
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Analisar o preço real de aquisição de medicamentos anunciados como promessas terapêuticas para tratamento da COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Identificaram-se os medicamentos que estão sendo estudados e/ou noticiados como promissores e, posteriormente, analisaram-se os custos de aquisição desses medicamentos por uma drogaria do interior do estado de Minas Gerais, entre janeiro e junho de 2020. Resultados: Sete (87,5%) medicamentos apresentaram aumento do valor de compra no período estudado. Dexametasona e ivermectina apresentaram elevação de mais de 200% no preço. A menor elevação foi o polivitamínico, 5,44%. A hidroxicloroquina foi o único medicamento (12,5%) que não sofreu variação no preço e só foi adquirida nos três primeiros meses do ano de 2020. Conclusão: O preço de aquisição da maioria dos medicamentos anunciados como “promessas terapêuticas” para tratamento da Covid-19 no Brasil sofreu aumento significativo no período da pandemia.
Perceptions of Surrogacy Within the Socio-Cultural Context of Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Oluwatobi Joseph
Published: September 2020

Background: Surrogacy might be a reproductive process that brings joy and fulfilment to many, but it also brings with it numerous ethical and legal concerns; it raises questions about the fundamental human rights, welfare and wellbeing of women and infants, especially within a context where it is barely regulated. This article examines the perception of surrogacy within the socio-cultural context of Nigeria. It brings to the fore various socio-cultural concerns that question the influence of surrogacy as a reproductive process on womanhood, motherhood and parenthood. It discusses, by analysing the narratives of the participants, how the surrogacy process is a dereliction of the sacredness and cultural sanctity of the family system, most especially in an African context.

Methods: Fifteen (15) stakeholders (traditional birth attendants, medical gynaecologists and legal professionals within the social, medico-legal framework of reproductive health) in Nigeria were engaged in in-depth interviews to unravel the challenges which surrogacy might be facing or encountering as an ART in Nigeria.

Results: There are various social, traditional, cultural, and religious beliefs that police the reproductive sphere of Nigeria, which have grave implications on fertility treatment. These socio-cultural and religious factors do not provide a fertile ground for surrogacy to thrive in Nigeria. Hence, it is important that the socio-cultural framing of reproducing in Nigeria become receptive to modern medical reproductive alternatives and innovations.

Conclusions: For surrogacy to permeate the reproductive terrain of the country there is a need to jettison several socio-cultural and religious sentimental beliefs policing reproduction in Nigeria.
Interventions to improve birth outcomes of pregnant women living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Park Jay J. H. , Harari Ofir , Siden Ellie , Zoratti Michael , Dron Louis , Zannat Noor-E , Lester Richard T. , Thorlund Kristian , Mills Edward J.
Published: September 2020

Background: Improving the health of pregnant women is important to prevent adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birthweight. We evaluated the comparative effectiveness of interventions under the domains of micronutrient, balanced energy protein, deworming, maternal education, and water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for their effects on these adverse birth outcomes.

Methods: For this network meta-analysis, we searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of interventions provided to pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We searched for reports published until September 17, 2019 and hand-searched bibliographies of existing reviews. We extracted data from eligible studies for study characteristics, interventions, participants’ characteristics at baseline, and birth outcomes. We compared effects on preterm birth (<37 gestational week), low birthweight (LBW; <2500 g), and birthweight (continuous) using studies conducted in LMICs.

Results: Our network meta-analyses were based on 101 RCTs (132 papers) pertaining to 206,531 participants. Several micronutrients and balanced energy food supplement interventions demonstrated effectiveness over standard-of-care. For instance, versus standard-of-care, micronutrient supplements for pregnant women, such as iron and calcium, decreased risks of preterm birth (iron: RR=0.70, 95% credible interval [Crl] 0.47, 1.01; calcium: RR=0.76, 95%Crl 0.56, 0.99). Daily intake of 1500kcal of local food decreased the risks of preterm birth (RR=0.36, 95%Crl 0.16, 0.77) and LBW (RR=0.17, 95%Crl 0.09, 0.29), respectively when compared to standard-of-care. Educational and deworming interventions did not show improvements in birth outcomes, and no WASH intervention trials reported on these adverse birth outcomes.

Conclusion: We found several pregnancy interventions that improve birth outcomes. However, most clinical trials have only evaluated interventions under a single domain (e.g. micronutrients) even though the causes of adverse birth outcomes are multi-faceted. There is a need to combine interventions that of different domains as packages and test for their effectiveness.

Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018110446; registered on 17 October 2018.
Interventions to improve linear growth during complementary feeding period for children aged 6-24 months living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Park Jay J. H. , Harari Ofir , Siden Ellie , Dron Louis , Zannat Noor-E , Singer Joel , Lester Richard T. , Thorlund Kristian , Mills Edward J.
Published: September 2020

Background:Optimizing linear growth in children during complementary feeding period (CFP) (6-24 months) is critical for their development. Several interventions, such as micronutrient and food supplements, deworming, maternal education, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), could potentially be provided to prevent stunting, but their comparative effectiveness are currently unclear. In this study, we evaluated comparative effectiveness of interventions under these domains on child linear growth outcomes of height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and stunting (HAZ <-2SD)

Methods:For this study, we searched for low- and middle-income country (LMIC)-based randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of aforementioned interventions provided to children during CFP. We searched for reports published until September 17, 2019 and hand-searched bibliographies of existing reviews. We performed random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) for HAZ and stunting.

Results:The evidence base for our NMA was based on 79 RCTs (96 papers) involving 81,786 children. Among the micronutrients, compared to standard-of-care, iron + folic acid (IFA) (mean difference =0.08; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.01, 0.15) and multiple micronutrients (MMN) (mean difference =0.06; 95%CrI: 0.01, 0.11) showed improvements for HAZ; MMN also reduced the risks for stunting (RR=0.86; 95%Crl: 0.73, 0.98), whereas IFA did not (RR=0.92; 95%Crl: 0.64, 1.23). For food supplements, flour in the caloric range of 270-340 kcal (RR=0.73; 95%Crl: 0.51, 1.00) and fortified lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) containing 220-285 kcal (RR=0.80; 95%Crl: 0.66, 0.97) decreased the risk of stunting compared to standard-of-care, but these interventions and other food supplements did not show improvements for HAZ. Deworming, maternal education, and WASH interventions did not show improvements for HAZ nor stunting.

Conclusion:While we found micronutrient and food supplements to be effective for HAZ and/or stunting, the evidence base for other domains in this life stage was limited, highlighting the need for more investigation.

Registration:PROSPEROCRD42018110449; registered on 17 October 2018.
Applying the Fogg Behavior Model to improve contraceptive social marketing during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria: a case study
Authors: Meekers Dominique , Onuoha Chidinma , Olutola Olaniyi
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus pandemic may have harmful effects on use of family planning services. Lockdown regulations make it more difficult for people to visit health providers to obtain information about family planning, to discuss side-effects or problems they are experiencing with their current method, and go out to obtain new family planning supplies (e.g., to renew their contraceptive injection). The inability to earn income during the lockdown may also make family planning products and services unaffordable. As a result, efforts to curb the pandemic may cause unintended interruptions in contraceptive use and may prevent non-users from adopting a contraceptive method.

Given these rapidly changing circumstances, it is important that family planning implementers make program adjustments without delay. When a timely programmatic response is of the essence, program implementers need simple behavior change models that can be used to inform programmatic decisions. This paper presents a case study of how DKT/Nigeria applied a behavior change model from persuasive design - the Fogg Behavior Model – to make timely adjustments to their contraceptive social marketing program during the course of the COVID-19 lockdown. Other public health programs, including programs that target health areas other than family planning, may be able to use similar approaches to guide the design of timely and responsive program adjustments.
Genomic diversity of Salmonella enterica -The UoWUCC 10K genomes project
Authors: Achtman Mark , Zhou Zhemin , Alikhan Nabil-Fareed , Tyne William , Parkhill Julian , Cormican Martin , Chiou Chien-Shun , Torpdahl Mia , Litrup Eva , Prendergast Deirdre M. , Moore John E. , Strain Sam , Kornschober Christian , Meinersmann Richard , Uesbeck Alexandra , Weill François-Xavier , Coffey Aidan , Andrews-Polymenis Helene , Curtiss rd Roy , Fanning Séamus
Published: September 2020

Background: Most publicly available genomes of Salmonella enterica are from human disease in the US and the UK, or from domesticated animals in the US.

Methods: Here we describe a historical collection of 10,000 strains isolated between 1891-2010 in 73 different countries. They encompass a broad range of sources, ranging from rivers through reptiles to the diversity of all S. enterica isolated on the island of Ireland between 2000 and 2005. Genomic DNA was isolated, and sequenced by Illumina short read sequencing.

Results: The short reads are publicly available in the Short Reads Archive. They were also uploaded to EnteroBase, which assembled and annotated draft genomes. 9769 draft genomes which passed quality control were genotyped with multiple levels of multilocus sequence typing, and used to predict serovars. Genomes were assigned to hierarchical clusters on the basis of numbers of pair-wise allelic differences in core genes, which were mapped to genetic Lineages within phylogenetic trees.

Conclusions: The University of Warwick/University College Cork (UoWUCC) project greatly extends the geographic sources, dates and core genomic diversity of publicly available S. enterica genomes. We illustrate these features by an overview of core genomic Lineages within 33,000 publicly available Salmonella genomes whose strains were isolated before 2011. We also present detailed examinations of HC400, HC900 and HC2000 hierarchical clusters within exemplar Lineages, including serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Mbandaka. These analyses confirm the polyphyletic nature of multiple serovars while showing that discrete clusters with geographical specificity can be reliably recognized by hierarchical clustering approaches. The results also demonstrate that the genomes sequenced here provide an important counterbalance to the sampling bias which is so dominant in current genomic sequencing.
Impact of baseline cases of cough and fever on UK COVID-19 diagnostic testing rates: estimates from the Bug Watch community cohort study
Authors: Eyre Max T. , Burns Rachel , Kirkby Victoria , Smith Catherine , Denaxas Spiros , Nguyen Vincent , Hayward Andrew , Shallcross Laura , Fragaszy Ellen , Aldridge Robert W.
Published: September 2020

Background: Diagnostic testing forms a major part of the UK’s response to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with tests offered to anyone with a continuous cough, high temperature or anosmia. Testing capacity must be sufficient during the winter respiratory season when levels of cough and fever are high due to non-COVID-19 causes. This study aims to make predictions about the contribution of baseline cough or fever to future testing demand in the UK.

Methods: In this analysis of the Bug Watch prospective community cohort study, we estimated the incidence of cough or fever in England in 2018-2019. We then estimated the COVID-19 diagnostic testing rates required in the UK for baseline cough or fever cases for the period July 2020-June 2021. This was explored for different rates of the population requesting tests and four COVID-19 second wave scenarios. Estimates were then compared to current national capacity.

Results: The baseline incidence of cough or fever in the UK is expected to rise rapidly from 154,554 (95%CI 103,083 - 231,725) cases per day in August 2020 to 250,708 (95%CI 181,095 - 347,080) in September, peaking at 444,660 (95%CI 353,084 - 559,988) in December. If 80% of baseline cough or fever cases request tests, average daily UK testing demand would exceed current capacity for five consecutive months (October 2020 to February 2021), with a peak demand of 147,240 (95%CI 73,978 - 239,502) tests per day above capacity in December 2020.

Conclusions: Our results show that current national COVID-19 testing capacity is likely to be exceeded by demand due to baseline cough and fever alone. This study highlights that the UK’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic must ensure that a high proportion of people with symptoms request tests, and that testing capacity is immediately scaled up to meet this high predicted demand.
Balancing the pressures: a review of the quality of care provided to children and young people aged 0–24 years who were receiving long-term ventilation
Authors: Freeth Heather , Mahoney Nicholas , Juniper Mark , Moses Rachael , Wilkinson Kathy
Published: September 2020

Assessing the quality of care for patients receiving long-term ventilation is complex given the diversity of this population (0–24 years in this case) and their differing requirements for treatment. This article details how and why such reviews are necessary.
Symptomatic hepatothorax presenting 25 years after penetrating thoracoabdominal injury
Authors: Variawa S , Marais R , Buitendag JJP , Edge J , Steyn E
Published: September 2020

Hepatic herniation through the diaphragm is a rare finding. It generally occurs due to a congenital diaphragmatic abnormality or blunt trauma resulting in a diaphragmatic defect. Making the diagnosis is difficult, as there are few definitive clinical signs and chest radiograph (CXR) findings may be non-specific. To our knowledge, only a single case report exists of penetrating right diaphragm injury leading to hepatic herniation.

A 42-year-old man presented to the emergency department of a regional hospital with hyperglycaemia and exertional dyspnoea. He was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. He gave a history of smoking for 15 pack-years, was negative for retroviral disease and had no history of pulmonary tuberculosis. He had no significant surgical history but reported being stabbed with a knife in 1995. The point of entry was below the level of the nipple in the right anterior axillary line. At the time, he was treated with an intercostal drain and discharged home.

CXR showed a right-sided chest mass. We considered a differential diagnosis of pulmonary consolidation, diaphragm eventration or hepatothorax. Computerized tomography of the chest and abdomen demonstrated apparent intrathoracic extension of the right liver lobe and partial attenuation of the superior vena cava and right atrium due to a mass effect. The upper border of the liver abutted the aortic arch. Surgical treatment options were discussed. The patient declined surgery and will be followed up as an outpatient.
Medicalisation and psychologisation of poverty? An analysis of the scientific poverty discourse from 1956 to 2017
Authors: Krayter Stephan , Reibling Nadine
Published: September 2020

Recent social science scholarship has argued that poverty is increasingly discussed as a problem that can have medical or psychological causes and could be tackled through therapeutic and health-related interventions. The aim of this study is to investigate if such a trend towards the medicalisation and psychologisation of poverty is present in the scientific poverty discourse. We analysed 13,553 articles on poverty in advanced, industrialised countries published between 1956 and 2017 and indexed in Web of Science. The results show that health sciences and psychology have been the fastest-growing research areas and the individual disciplines with currently the largest publication output on poverty.
Adaptive digital filter for the processing of atmospheric lidar signals measured by imaging lidar techniques
Authors: Liu Zifan , Yang Chenguang , Gong Zhenfeng , Li Hui , Mei Liang
Published: September 2020

The lidar signal measured by the atmospheric imaging lidar technique is
subject to sunlight background noise, dark current noise, and fixed
pattern noise (FPN) of the image sensor, etc., which presents quite
different characteristics compared to the lidar signal measured by the
pulsed lidar technique based on the time-of-flight principle.
Enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measured lidar signal
is of great importance for improving the performance of imaging lidar
techniques. By carefully investigating the signal and noise
characteristics of the lidar signal measured by a Scheimpflug lidar
(SLidar) based on the Scheimpflug imaging principle, we have
demonstrated an adaptive digital filter based on the Savitzky–Golay
(S–G) filter and the Fourier analysis. The window length of the
polynomial of the S–G filter is automatically optimized by iteratively
examining the Fourier domain frequency characteristics of the residual
signal between the filtered lidar signal and the raw lidar signal. The
performance of the adaptive digital filter has been carefully
investigated for lidar signals measured by a SLidar system under
various atmospheric conditions. It has been found that the optimal
window length for near horizontal measurements is concentrated in the
region of 90–150, while it varies mainly in the region of 40–100 for
slant measurements due to the frequent presence of the peak echoes
from clouds, aerosol layers, etc. The promising result has
demonstrated great potential for utilizing the proposed adaptive
digital filter for the lidar signal processing of imaging lidar
techniques in the future.
Manifestaciones clínicas del síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt en una serie de 20 casos
Authors: Ramirez-Salas Jesus Eduardo , Benito-Orejas José Ignacio , Bauer Michael , Viveros-Díez Patricia , Cifuentes-Navas Viviana Andrea , Duque-Holguera Victoria
Published: September 2020

Introducción y objetivo: la experiencia clínica nos ha mostrado las distintas formas de presentación y la variabilidad sintomatológica que puede revelar el síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt o herpes zóster ótico. Las descripciones que ofrece la literatura nos han servido para corroborar los hallazgos de un conjunto de pacientes, cuyas características y evolución hemos ido reuniendo en el tiempo. Dada la importancia del tratamiento precoz, el objetivo de este trabajo ha consistido en realizar una exposición estructurada de este complejo síndrome con sus diversas manifestaciones. Método: estudio retrospectivo. Resultados: 20 pacientes ejemplifican los diferentes aspectos de este proceso. Discusión: se trata de una patología infrecuente, con una tríada sintomática patognomónica que consiste en otalgia, erupción vesicular y parálisis facial. Sin embargo, este síndrome no siempre se expresa de forma completa ni con la aparición de los síntomas en el orden indicado, añadiéndose con frecuencia otros cocleovestibulares. La posibilidad de que la infección se propague de forma centrífuga y centrípeta facilita el que se afecten otros nervios sensitivos y motores, ocasionando una polineuropatía craneal (herpes zóster cefálico) y raquídea o incluso, con mucha menor frecuencia, la aparición de una meningoencefalitis. No conocemos con precisión los mecanismos por los que progresa este proceso ni los factores desencadenantes, aunque en ocasiones les haya predisponentes. Establecer un diagnóstico es fundamental para iniciar el tratamiento, cuya precocidad facilita la resolución del proceso. Conclusiones: siendo la sospecha clínica la principal herramienta de un diagnóstico precoz, nos ha parecido de interés realizar esta revisión, dada la infrecuencia del herpes zóster ótico.
Tumor inflamatorio de pott. Descripción de un caso
Authors: Salom-Coveñas Carmen , Benito-Navarro Juan Ramón , Gutiérrez-Gallardo Ana , Porras-Alonso Eulalia
Published: September 2020

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivo: El tumor inflamatorio de Pott se describe como una inflama-ción en la región frontal debido la formación de un absceso subperióstico y osteo-mielitis del hueso frontal; debido en la mayoría de las ocasiones, a una sinusitis fron-tal. Es más frecuente observarlo en adolescentes. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es presentar un diagnóstico un tanto olvidado y poco frecuente; así como su descrip-ción como entidad en la discusión de los artículos más relevantes de la literatura. Descripción: Presentamos el caso de un varón de 61 años con cefalea punzante a nivel supraciliar derecha, sin insuficiencia respiratoria nasal y con fibroscopia prácti-camente anodina. En la inspección se observa una inflamación, dolorosa a la palpa-ción, del tejido blando con una pequeña fistulización hacia la piel y salida de material purulento. En el TC de senos paranasales se observa una sinusitis crónica frontal derecha. Dicho seno presenta una solución de continuidad en su pared anterior que comunica las partes blandas. Se realiza Draf III del seno frontal derecho guiado con neuronavegador con abordaje combinado externo y vancomicina IV intrahospitalaria. Actualmente el paciente se encuentra asintomático sin clínica infecciosa. Discusión: el tumor inflamatorio de Pott es una complicación rara, pero potencialmente mortal de la sinusitis bacteriana, que consiste en un absceso subperióstico y osteomielitis del hueso frontal. Se diagnostica con tomografía computarizada con contraste o reso-nancia magnética y se trata con antibióticos de amplio espectro, así como interven-ción quirúrgica de forma precoz. Es necesario conocer la fisiopatología y manejo del cuadro; evitando así las posibles complicaciones intracraneales. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico precoz de esta entidad y el tratamiento antibiótico y endoscópico son esenciales para evitar el riesgo de progresión hacia complicaciones neurológicas graves subsidiarias de tratamientos quirúrgicos más agresivos.
Revisión sistemática sobre la prevalencia de la serología infecciosa en la parálisis facial periférica
Authors: Corbacho-Zaldívar Maria , González-Sánchez Enrique
Published: September 2020

Introducción y objetivos. La parálisis facial periférica es una afección del Nervio Facial que suele cursar con dolor retroauricular, pródromos vitales y parálisis facial. Ante la falta de bibliografía sobre la etiología de dicha parálisis se propuso realizar una revisión sistemática orientada a conocer la prevalencia serológica de la parálisis facial periférica en los diferentes estudios publicados incluyendo el realizado en esta facultad el curso anterior. Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemática y metanálisis de los estudios publicados sobre la confirmación de una parálisis facial periférica por serología positiva. Resultados. Un total de 628 pacientes fueron analizados, de los cuáles 76 tenían serología positiva (12,10%). El metanálisis muestra heterogeneidad entre los resultados y sesgo de publicación. Conclusiones. No se evidencia que haya una relación significativa entre una parálisis facial periférica y una serología positiva reciente por lo que no se obtendría beneficio con un tratamiento antiviral.
Etiología de la parálisis del nervio hipogloso. Revisión sistemática.
Authors: Vicente-Pascual Mikel , Gallego-Sánchez Yhovany , Vázquez-Justes Daniel , Andreu-Mencía Leandro
Published: September 2020

Introducción y objetivo: La parálisis del nervio hipogloso es una entidad poco frecuente, caracterizada por alteración del habla y problemas para tragar. En este estudio realizamos una revisión de las etiologías de dicho déficit.Método: Realizamos una búsqueda en pubmed, seleccionando aquellos artículos en los cuales se mencione la etiología de la parálisis del nervio hipogloso. Resultados: Dos son los estudios con gran número de pacientes. En primero de ellos, publicado en 1996 con 100 pacientes, la etiología más frecuente es la tumoral, seguida de los traumatismos y las lesiones isquémicas. En el segundo de ellos, del 2016, con 245 pacientes incluidos, la etiología principal es la iatrogénica postoperatoria, seguida de la tumoral y la idiopática.Discusión: Son pocos los estudios que recogen un número importante de pacientes con parálisis del nervio hipogloso. Los primeros datan de la década de los 90, en los cuales la principal etiología era la tumoral. En el último estudio, publicado en 2016, la primera causa es la iatrogénica postquirúrgica, seguida de la neoplásica y la idiopática. Con 20 años de diferencia entre los dos principales estudios existe un cambio en la etiología. El aumento de los casos postquirúrgicos puede ser debido a un aumento en el número de intervenciones, siendo a su vez más largas y agresivas, resultando llamativo, y de difícil explicación, el creciente número de casos etiquetados como idiopáticos.Conclusiones: La etiología de la parálisis del nervio hipogloso ha cambiado a lo largo de las décadas. En el siglo XX la principal etiología era la tumoral. En el siglo XXI la etiología principal es la iatrogénica postquirúrgica, encontrándose en segundo lugar la tumoral y en tercero la idiopática. Con la inclusión de 345 pacientes de los dos grandes artículos en la revisión sistemática podemos concluir que la primera causa de parálisis es la tumoral, seguida de la iatrogénica y la idiopática.
Incidence and risk factors of pharyngocutaneus fistula formation after total laryngectomy. Review
Authors: Sanz-Sánchez Cristina Isabel , Kraemer-Baeza Else , Aguilar-Conde María Dolores , Flores-Carmona Eva , Cazorla-Ramos Oscar Emilio
Published: September 2020

Introduction and objective: The pharyngocutaneous fistula is a troublesome complication after total laryngectomy, increasing morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the incidence of pharyngocutaneus fistula after total laryngectomy and to define the possible predictors for pharyngocutaneus fistula formation. Method: We conducted a review of 31 articles with a total of 1100 patients, to evaluate the incidence of fistula in patients with total laryngectomy and risks factors involved. Results: The overall incidence of pharyngocutaneus fistula is 22,3%, and ranges from 3 to 65%. The review revealed that prior radiation treatment was the most common antecedent, following this associated comorbidity, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, and history of tracheotomy prior to laryngectomy. Discussion: Among the series studied, there is significant heterogeneity in the results, because although irradiated patients have a greater number of pharyngostomas, in some studies no relationship was found, which could explain the association with other risk factors. Conclusions: The incidence of pharyngocutaneus fistula is very variable and there are a large number of risk factors involved, the most frequent is radiotherapy associated or not with chemotherapy.
Cuerpos extraños traqueobronquiales en el sur de Mozambique
Authors: Dadá Mahomed Sidique Abdul Cadar , Dadá Abdul Habib Mahomed
Published: September 2020

Introducción y objetivo: En los países de bajos ingresos, la situación de los cuerpos extraños está relativamente poco estudiada. Aunque la literatura es relativamente escasa, los estudios publicados muestran que representan un problema de salud pública cada vez más importante. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo que utilizó la recopilación y el análisis de los datos disponibles en los libros del registro del quirófano diagnosticados como cuerpos extraños traqueobronquial consecutivamente durante un período de 26 años (1983-2009) en Hospital Central de Maputo (Mozambique). Resultados: se estudiaron 118 pacientes. De estos, 21 se localizaron en la tráquea (17.80%) y 97 en los bronquios (82.20%). La mayoría de los pacientes observados fueron hombres (59.30%). La edad promedio de los pacientes en este estudio fue de 4.39 años (moda 2, mediana 2.50; desviación estándar 6.004, el rango fue de 2 meses a 45 años). Se observaron más casos en niños de 2 años (19.5%). Las semillas fueron los cuerpos extraños más frecuentes, responsables del 31.40% de todos los cuerpos extraños diagnosticadas, seguidas por el plástico (26.30%) y el metal (22%). Se presentaron 5 casos de complicaciones. Conclusiones: Aunque este estudio aporta evidencia que puede considerarse importante desde el punto de vista de la salud pública, debe tenerse en cuenta que se trata de una investigación hospitalaria con sus propias limitaciones. Sin embargo, este estudio presenta una compilación única de casos de pacientes con cuerpos extraños traqueobronquial que cubre un período relativamente largo, lo que constituye una importante fuente de información sobre el tema.
An Efficient Journal Articles Searching using Vector Space Model Algorithm
Authors: Alvriyanto Azis , Nuruzzaman Muhammad Taufiq , Siregar Maria Ulfah , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: September 2020

One of the main feature of digital library is a search engine which depends on keywords submitted by a user. However, in the traditional algorithm, the computation performance, searching speed, significantly relies on the number of journal articles stored in the databases. Some irrelevant search results also increase the speed of article searching process. To solve the problem, in this paper we propose vector space model (VSM) algorithm to search for relevant journal articles. The VSM algorithm considers a term frequency - inversed document frequency (TF-IDF). The VSM algorithm will be compared to the baseline algorithm namely traditional algorithm. Both algorithms will be evaluated using combination of keywords which can be a synonym, phrase, error typography, or suffix and prefix. By using the data consist of 635 journal articles, both algorithms are compared in terms of 11 evaluation criteria. The results show that VSM algorithm is able to obtain the intended journal at 5th rank on average as compared to the traditional algorithm which can obtain the intended journal at rank of 171st on average. Therefore, our proposed algorithm can improve the performance to accurately sort the journal articles based on the submitted keywords as compared to traditional algorithm.
Veil and Hijab: Twitter Sentiment Analysis Perspective
Authors: Lestari Lusiana , R Wahyudi M Didik , Kiftiyani Usfita
Published: September 2020

Controversies about veil and hijab are often occur in society. Especially in today’s digital era, public opinion expressed through social media can greatly influence the others opinions, regardless of whether it is positive or negative. Therefore, this research was aiming to conduct an approach through analysis sentiment of public opinion about the veil and hijab to know how much accurate the sentiment analysis predict the positive, negative, or other sentiments with using Twitter data as the research object. The algorithm used in this study is Support Vector Machine (SVM) because of its fairly good classification model though it trained using small set of data. The SVM on this research was combined with Radial Base Function (RBF) kernel because of its numerical difficulties that are fewer than linear and polynomial kernel and also because this research doesn’t have a large feature.  The amount of data used is 3556 tweets data. Tweets data, which is numbered 1056, is classified manually for the learning process. The remaining 2500 data will be classified automatically with the classifier model that has been created. A total of 1056 tweets data that have been classified manually is separated into training and testing data with a ratio of 8: 2. The result of the sentiment analysis process using Support Vector Machine algorithm RBF kernel with C=1 and γ=1  has an accuracy score of 73.6% with precision to negative opinions are 62%, positive opinions are 83%, neutral opinions reach 53% and irrelevant opinions that talk about hijab and veil reach 98%. It shows that sentiment analysis can be used for predicting the negative, positive or other sentiments of a sentence based on a certain topic, in this case veil and hijab.
Karel Havlíček a Josef Václav Frič ve střetu o Ladu Niólu
Authors: JANÁČKOVÁ Jaroslava
Published: September 2020

Článek vykládá Upřímné mínění o almanachu Lada Nióla, sepsané Karlem Havlíčkem v Brixenu ve dnech 23. a 24. 12. 1854, jako významný literárně kritický text, ve kterém Havlíček odmítl romantické tendence almanachu iniciovaného J. V. Fričem v duchu intencí literárního realismu. Přibližuje, jak se Havlíčkova kritika - stylizovaná částečně jako osobní list, částečně jako náčrt recenzního posudku - vyrovnávala s jednotlivými přispěvateli a příspěvky almanachu. Do relativně bohaté veřejné diskuse, která po vydání Lady Nióly následovala v novinách a časopisech, Havlíčkovo Upřímné mínění... vzhledem k cenzurní situaci svého autora vstoupit nemohlo, soukromě se s ním mohl seznámit jen úzký okruh aktérů pražského literárního dění 50. let 19. století. Článek v závěru konstatuje, že sám Frič Havlíčkovu kritiku svého almanachu zkreslil, když o ní informoval ve svých pozdějších Pamětech, a přispěl tak k tomu, že Upřímné mínění... nebylo dosud zařazeno v dějinách české literární kritiky na místo, které si Havlíčkův kritický výkon zasluhuje.
Smart branch and droop controller based power quality improvement in microgrids
Authors: Ray Papia , Salkuti Surender Reddy
Published: September 2020

This paper presents two unique smart branch controller for compensating several power quality disturbances. The first proposed intelligent branch controller comprises a series transformer with its indirectly controlled impedance by secondary voltage injection. Further, the smart controller is made adaptive and flexible. It is installed at the point of common coupling (PCC), where PCC voltage & load current can be locally acquired without the presence of a communication channel, which then tracks its references as pure sinusoidal waveforms. Therefore without any filter requirement, harmonic elimination is done by the smart branch controller. The proposed smart controller can be applied in microgrids (MGs) for multi-objective optimization of power quality (PQ). For proper elimination of harmonics and to enhance the quality of power supply, the smart branch is optimized by a droop controller, which delivers power to a constant current source and eliminates harmonics by providing an appropriate quantity of harmonic voltage to the inverter voltage. The total harmonic distortion (THD) becomes 23.06% for the voltage and 6.24% for the current with droop controller, whereas, with an only smart branch into the power network, the THD becomes 26.47% for the voltage and 12.30% for the current. The simulation result concludes that the discussed optimized smart branch-based droop controller reduces drastically THD. Also, a separate study has been performed on the improvement of PQ by second proposed smart controller called as Photovoltaic Distribution Static Compensator (PV-DSTATCOM) grid-tied system using an adaptive reweighted zero attracting (RZA) control algorithm with perturbation and by applying maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT) for a three-phase system. The converter with PV array along with an active filter feature known as PV-DSTATCOM is required to convert the DC voltage into AC and for the improvement of the PQ by limiting harmonic distortions. It is concluded from the simulation results that the use of the RZA strategy presents an excellent steady state and transient response. The proposed PV grid-tied system is capable of working round the clock for both constant and variable irradiation and linear loads. The system is termed as smart as it can perform both modes automatically sensing the PV power and is capable of multi-directional power flow. The proposed method performs dual functions of improving PQ by working as DSTATCOM and also transfers power to the load and the grid obtained from PV array.
Parallel iterative finite-element algorithms for the Navier–Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions
Authors: Zhou Kangrui , Shang Yueqiang
Published: September 2020

Based on full domain partition, three parallel iterative finite-element algorithms are proposed and analyzed for the Navier–Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions. Since the nonlinear slip boundary conditions include the subdifferential property, the variational formulation of these equations is variational inequalities of the second kind. In these parallel algorithms, each subproblem is defined on a global composite mesh that is fine with size h on its subdomain and coarse with size H (H ≫ h) far away from the subdomain, and then we can solve it in parallel with other subproblems by using an existing sequential solver without extensive recoding. All of the subproblems are nonlinear and are independently solved by three kinds of iterative methods. Compared with the corresponding serial iterative finite-element algorithms, the parallel algorithms proposed in this paper can yield an approximate solution with a comparable accuracy and a substantial decrease in computational time. Contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) new parallel algorithms based on full domain partition are proposed for the Navier–Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions; (2) nonlinear iterative methods are studied in the parallel algorithms; (3) new theoretical results about the stability, convergence and error estimates of the developed algorithms are obtained; (4) some numerical results are given to illustrate the promise of the developed algorithms.
‘COVID-19/Food Insecurity Syndemic’: Navigating the Realities of Food Security Imperatives of Sustainable Development Goals in Africa
Authors: Ezirigwe Jane , Ojike Chinelo , Amechi Emeka , Adewopo Adebambo
Published: September 2020

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is impacting on food systems and has exposed the poor state of food security and lack of food system infrastructures. Consequently, sub-Saharan Africa countries face the compounded risk of COVID-19 and hunger. The syndemic will pose serious challenges for achieving food security imperatives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. This article discusses the dynamics of food security imperatives brought about by COVID-19 pandemic. It examines the mitigating efforts of sub-Saharan African governments in addressing COVID-19 and how this effort impacts the attainment of SDGs One, Two, Three and 12. It finds that while the pandemic provides an opportunity for governments to strengthen their commitments, it raises questions on the ambitious global efforts to deliver SDGs by 2030. It recommends that African governments need to maximize intra-African trade with investments in agricultural biotechnological infrastructure in order to close the gap between the targets and the realities, in the efforts towards achieving the SDGs.