bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic oral disease burden at the first 1000 days: Intergenerational risk factors, BRISA cohort
Authors: Araújo Sângela Maria Pereira , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Ladeira Lorena Lucia Costa , Alves‐Costa Silas , Saraiva Maria Conceição , Alves Claudia Maria Coelho , Thomaz Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca , Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia Costa
Published: June 2024

Objective

To analyze multiple‐causal models, including socioeconomic, obesity, sugar consumption, alcohol smoking, caries, and periodontitis variables in pregnant women with early sugar exposure, obesity, and the Chronic Oral Disease Burden in their offspring around the first 1000 days of life.

Methods

The BRISA cohort study, Brazil, had two assessments: at the 22nd–25th gestational weeks and during the child's second year (n = 1141). We proposed a theoretical model exploring the association between socioeconomic and pregnancy factors (age, smoking, alcohol, sugars, obesity, periodontitis, and caries) and child's variables (sugars and overweight) with the outcome, Chronic Oral Disease Burden (latent variable deduced from visible plaque, gingivitis, and tooth decay), using structural equation modeling.

Results

Caries and periodontitis were correlated in pregnant women. Addictive behaviors in the gestational period were correlated. Obesity (Standardized coefficient ‐ SC = 0.081; p = 0.047) and added sugar consumption (SC = 0.142; p = 0.041) were observed intergenerationally in the pregnant woman‐child dyads. Sugar consumption by the children (SC = 0.210; p = 0.041) increased the Chronic Oral Disease Burden.

Conclusions

Poor caries and periodontal indicators were correlated in pregnant women and their offspring. Obesity and sugar consumption act intergenerationally. Oral health in early life may change life trajectory since the worst oral conditions predict main NCDs.
Association between metabolic syndrome and salivary MMP‐8, myeloperoxidase in periodontitis
Authors: Thomas Julie Toby , Joseph Betsy , Varghese Sajit , Thomas Nebu George , Kamalasanan Vijayakumary Baiju , Sorsa Timo , Anil Sukumaran , Waltimo Tuomas
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study investigated the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on periodontal clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers' matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in patients with periodontitis.

Methods

A total of 120 participants aged 25–55 were categorized into three groups: MetS with periodontitis (n = 40); systemically healthy with periodontitis (n = 40); and systemically and periodontally healthy controls (n = 40). Data collected included systemic parameters like waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), high‐ and low‐density lipoproteins, triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Periodontal parameters estimated included bleeding on probing score (BoP), full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the number of missing teeth. Unstimulated whole saliva was analyzed via ELISA for active MMP‐8 (aMMP‐8), total MMP‐8 (tMMP‐8), and MPO.

Results

Participants with MetS and periodontitis exhibited significantly higher periodontal parameters, salivary aMMP‐8, and MPO (26.26 vs. 24.1 ng/mL and 13.53 vs. 11.55 ng/mL compared to systemically healthy periodontitis patients) (all p < 0.01). Positive correlations occurred between aMMP‐8 and WC, TG, and FBS (p < 0.01), and between MPO and WC, BP, and TG (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The positive associations between these biomarkers and metabolic parameters indicate their potential utility for monitoring cardiovascular and glycemic risk in patients with periodontal disease.
A novel WNT10A variant impairs the homeostasis of alveolar bone mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lin Bichen , Liu Haochen , Liu Hangbo , Su Lanxin , Sun Kai , Feng Hailan , Liu Yang , Yu Miao , Han Dong
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To explore the influence of a novel WNT10A variant on bone mineral density, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation capacities of alveolar bone mesenchymal stem cells in humans.

Subjects and Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were utilized to detect gene variants in a family with non‐syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA). The panoramic mandibular index was calculated on the proband with WNT10A variant and normal controls to evaluate bone mineral density. Alveolar bone mesenchymal stem cells from the proband with a novel WNT10A variant and normal controls were isolated and cultured, then proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacities were evaluated and compared.

Results

We identified a novel WNT10A pathogenic missense variant (c.353A > G/p. Tyr118Cys) in a family with NSTA. The panoramic mandibular index of the proband implied a reduction in bone mineral density. Moreover, the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacities of alveolar bone mesenchymal stem cells from the proband with WNT10A Tyr118Cys variant were significantly decreased.

Conclusions

Our findings broaden the spectrum of WNT10A variants in patients with non‐syndromic oligodontia, suggest an association between WNT10A and the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of alveolar bone mesenchymal stem cells, and demonstrate that WNT10A is involved in maintaining jaw bone homeostasis.
Long intergenic non‐coding RNA 01126 activates IL‐6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway to promote periodontitis pathogenesis
Authors: Tang Song , Zhong Yi , Li Jie , Ji Ping , Zhang Xiaonan
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Periodontitis seriously affects oral‐related quality of life and overall health. Long intergenic non‐coding RNA 01126 (LINC01126) is aberrantly expressed in periodontitis tissues. This study aimed to explore the possible pathogenesis of LINC01126 in periodontitis.

Methods

Inflammatory model of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was established. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), wound healing assay, and flow cytometry were utilized to detect biological roles of LINC01126. Binding site of miR‐655‐3p to LINC01126 and IL‐6 was predicted. Then, subcellular localization of LINC01126 and the binding ability of miR‐655‐3p to LINC01126 and IL‐6 in HGFs were verified. Hematoxylin–Eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were utilized to detect tissue morphology and proteins expression of clinical samples.

Results

LINC01126 silencing can alleviate cell inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis, reduce cell apoptosis, and promote cell migration. As a “sponge” for miR‐655‐3p, LINC01126 inhibits its binding to mRNA of IL‐6, thereby promoting inflammation progression and JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation. Quantitative real‐time PCR, Western Blot, and IHC results of clinical tissue samples further confirmed that miR‐655‐3p expression was down‐regulated and IL‐6/JAK2/STAT3 was abnormally activated in periodontitis tissues.

Conclusions

In summary, serving as an endogenous competitive RNA of miR‐655‐3p, LINC01126 promotes IL‐6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation, thereby promoting periodontitis pathogenesis.
Salivary calprotectin and neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease in relation to oral diseases
Authors: Majster Mirjam , Almer Sven , Malmqvist Sebastian , Johannsen Annsofi , Lira‐Junior Ronaldo , Boström Elisabeth Almer
Published: June 2024

Objective

Calprotectin is elevated in saliva from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, but it is also affected by oral disease. We assessed the salivary concentration of calprotectin in IBD patients, in relation to intestinal and oral diseases. Furthermore, we investigated the phenotype of salivary neutrophils from IBD patients, and their ability to secrete calprotectin.

Materials and Methods

Thirty IBD patients and 26 controls were orally examined and sampled for stimulated saliva. Twenty‐five IBD patients provided fresh fecal samples. Calprotectin concentrations in saliva and feces were determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of CD11b, CD15, and CD16 on oral neutrophils was assessed by flow cytometry. Secretion of calprotectin was evaluated in cultured oral neutrophils.

Results

Calprotectin was significantly elevated in saliva of IBD patients compared to controls, particularly in Crohn's disease, irrespective of caries or periodontitis. Salivary calprotectin did not correlate to fecal calprotectin. CD11b expression was significantly reduced in salivary neutrophils from IBD patients. Salivary neutrophils from IBD patients tended to secrete more calprotectin than controls.

Conclusions

Salivary calprotectin is elevated in IBD regardless of oral diseases. Furthermore, salivary neutrophils secrete calprotectin, and display lower CD11b expression in IBD.
Exercise‐induced type 1 Brugada pattern in a child
Authors: Ciriello Giovanni Domenico , Romeo Emanuele , Colonna Diego , Correra Anna , Russo Maria Giovanna , Sarubbi Berardo
Published: June 2024

The exercise stress testing may unmask the type 1 Brugada pattern on the surface electrocardiogram in a portion of patients with Brugada syndrome. The occurrence of the type 1 Brugada pattern during an exercise test in pediatric patients is not common. Consequently, the diagnostic yield of the exercise test in this population is still to be explored. We present a case of exercise‐induced type 1 Brugada pattern in a 12‐year‐old child with episodes of palpitations and discuss the available evidence on the role of the exercise stress test in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with Brugada syndrome.
The miR7125‐MdARF1 module enhances the resistance of apple to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by promoting lignin synthesis in response to salicylic acid signalling
Authors: Liu Xinmei , Dai Hongyan , Zhang Feng , Wang Jun , Shi Jiajun , Chen Junqin , He Ping , Wang Feng , Ma Yue
Published: June 2024

Apple is an important cash crop in China, and it is susceptible to fungal infections that have deleterious effects on its yield. Apple bitter rot caused by Colletorichum gloeosporioides is one of the most severe fungal diseases of apple. Salicylic acid (SA) is a key signalling molecule in the plant disease resistance signalling pathways. Lignin synthesis also plays a key role in conferring disease resistance. However, few studies have clarified the relationship between the SA disease resistance signalling pathway and the lignin disease resistance pathway in apple. MdMYB46 has previously been shown to promote lignin accumulation in apple and enhance salt and osmotic stress tolerance. Here, we investigated the relationship between MdMYB46 and biological stress; we found that MdMYB46 overexpression enhances the resistance of apple to C. gloeosporioides. We also identified MdARF1, a transcription factor upstream of MdMYB46, via yeast library screening and determined that MdARF1 was regulated by miR7125 through psRNATarget prediction. This regulatory relationship was confirmed through LUC and qRT‐PCR experiments, demonstrating that miR7125 negatively regulates MdARF1. Analysis of the miR7125 promoter revealed that miR7125 responds to SA signals. The accumulation of SA level will result in the decrease of miR7125 expression level. In sum, the results of our study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of apple to C. gloeosporioides and reveal a new pathway that enhances lignin accumulation in apple in response to SA signals. These findings provide valuable information for future studies aimed at breeding apple for disease resistance.
ROTEM could be useful for lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome
Authors: Yamada Koyo , Nakajima Yuto , Ogiwara Kenichi , Sakai Toshiyuki , Fukuda Kazuyoshi , Nogami Keiji
Published: June 2024

Background

Lupus anticoagulant‐hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS) is a rare disease caused by acquired factor II (FII) deficiency and lupus anticoagulant. Patients with LAHPS typically present with thrombosis and bleeding. However, little information is available on the evaluation of coagulation potential in patients with LAHPS. We examined global coagulation potentials in patients with LAHPS during the clinical course in this study.

Methods

Coagulation potentials in two pediatric patients with LAHPS were assessed by measuring clotting time (CT) and clot formation time using Ca2+‐triggered rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), CT and maximum coagulation velocity using clot waveform analysis (CWA), and lag time and peak thrombin using the thrombin generation assay (TGA). The day of admission was defined as day 0.

Results

In case 1, the bleeding symptoms disappeared by day 5. However, the TGA and CWA results were markedly lower than normal, although FII activity (FII:C) returned to within the normal range by day 14. In contrast, ROTEM revealed a recovery to near‐normal levels (day 14). All coagulation parameters (day 80) were within normal ranges. In case 2, coagulation potential was severely depressed until day 12, although FII:C returned to normal levels. Bleeding symptoms disappeared on day 19, and the ROTEM data revealed that the parameters were close to the normal range. The coagulation parameters in all assays were normalized on day 75.

Conclusions

Recovery of coagulation potential in patients with LAHPS was slower than the recovery of FII:C. Moreover, ROTEM appeared to be clinically useful for assessing coagulation potential in patients with LAHPS.
A generic causality‐informed neural network (CINN) methodology for quantitative risk analytics and decision support
Authors: Zhang Xiaoge , Long Xiangyun , Liu Yu , Zhou Kai , Li Jinwu
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we develop a generic framework for systemically encoding causal knowledge manifested in the form of hierarchical causality structure and qualitative (or quantitative) causal relationships into neural networks to facilitate sound risk analytics and decision support via causally‐aware intervention reasoning. The proposed methodology for establishing causality‐informed neural network (CINN) follows a four‐step procedure. In the first step, we explicate how causal knowledge in the form of directed acyclic graph (DAG) can be discovered from observation data or elicited from domain experts. Next, we categorize nodes in the constructed DAG representing causal relationships among observed variables into several groups (e.g., root nodes, intermediate nodes, and leaf nodes), and align the architecture of CINN with causal relationships specified in the DAG while preserving the orientation of each existing causal relationship. In addition to a dedicated architecture design, CINN also gets embodied in the design of loss function, where both intermediate and leaf nodes are treated as target outputs to be predicted by CINN. In the third step, we propose to incorporate domain knowledge on stable causal relationships into CINN, and the injected constraints on causal relationships act as guardrails to prevent unexpected behaviors of CINN. Finally, the trained CINN is exploited to perform intervention reasoning with emphasis on estimating the effect that policies and actions can have on the system behavior, thus facilitating risk‐informed decision making through comprehensive “what‐if” analysis. Two case studies are used to demonstrate the substantial benefits enabled by CINN in risk analytics and decision support.
There's an App for That: Exploring the Market for Contraceptive Fertility Tracking Apps in the Philippines
Authors: Danna Kendal , Harris Danielle M. , Rothschild Claire W. , Brogaard Beth , LaCroix Elizabeth , Paudel Mahesh
Published: June 2024

For generations, women have relied on fertility awareness methods to plan and prevent pregnancy, for over a decade, many have been aided by digital tools to do so. New contraceptive fertility tracking apps (CFTAs)—that are backed by clinical efficacy trials to support their effectiveness as contraception—have the potential to enhance method choice and offer users a unique contraceptive option, but there is little evidence to inform the decisions around expanding access, particularly in low‐and middle‐income countries. We conducted a mixed methods study with quantitative online surveys (n = 1600) and qualitative interviews (n = 36) to explore the potential appeal of and demand for a hypothetical CFTA in one such market, the Philippines. Interest in using a CFTA was high among our Internet‐engaged, urban study population, with 83.9% “definitely” or “probably” interested in using it. Across demographic profiles, respondents perceived the appeal of the method as “natural” and “convenient.” A majority were willing to pay for the method, though notably at a price (5.20 USD) below that of currently available CFTAs. We discuss various important factors to be considered before bringing a method like this to new markets, including the potential implications of equity constraints in reaching a wider market and the unexpected prevalence of other period‐tracking apps not intended as contraception being used in this market that could complicate any future roll‐out. These issues could be explored further with additional research.
Quantitative skin surface hydration measurement by visible optical image processing: A pilot study
Authors: Wu Yue , Ran Jianghong , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Liu Qi
Published: June 2024

Background

Skin barrier function is significantly impacted by skin moisture. Most non‐invasive evaluation techniques to measure skin surface hydration relying on its electrical properties, which are limited in scope and have unstable operations. Applying image processing for skin hydration assessment is uncommon, with an emphasis on skin‐capacitive pictures and near‐infrared images in general, which demand a certain spectrum. As a result, there is an increasing need for wide‐area skin hydration evaluation and mapping.

Objective

The study aims to propose a quantitative evaluation algorithm for skin surface hydration from visible‐light images.

Materials and methods

Three devices were applied to measure skin hydration: skin image capture device and two recognized commercial skin devices. A digital image processing system creates a new index, called GVR, to symbolize skin surface moisture. The CLAHE algorithm was applied to enhance the contrast of skin image, and after calculating it with the monochrome image, the skin reflectance image was segmented. The GVR was estimated using the values of the individual sites and the entire skin. The correlation coefficient between the three methods was examined using statistical analysis to assess the performance of GVR.

Results

Skin hydration estimated from visible‐light images is influenced by the entire facial structure in addition to specific areas. The electrical and visible image evaluations showed a strong association with a significant difference.

Conclusion

It was discovered that reflecting measures from visible images provide a quick and efficient way to quantify the moisture of the skin's surface.
Donor‐derived infections: The Swiss perspective
Authors: Mueller Nicolas J. , Manuel Oriol , Hirzel Cédric ,   the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS)
Published: June 2024

While Switzerland has not yet established a systematic approach, the small size of the country and the intensive collaboration between the transplant infectious disease teams facilitate a rapid communication once a donor‐derived infection is suspected. Critical information regarding donor infections is shared rapidly, and appropriate measures are discussed. The long‐term observational Swiss Transplant Cohort Study, which includes >92% of all solid organ recipients collects all relevant infectious disease episodes and facilitates detection of patterns of potential donor‐derived infection.
Introduction to the Emerging Cognitive Science of Distributed Human‐Autonomy Teams
Authors: Myers Christopher W. , Cooke Nancy J. , Gorman Jamie C. , McNeese Nathan J.
Published: June 2024

Teams are a fundamental aspect of life—from sports to business, to defense, to science, to education. While the cognitive sciences tend to focus on information processing within individuals, others have argued that teams are also capable of demonstrating cognitive capacities similar to humans, such as skill acquisition and forgetting (cf., Cooke, Gorman, Myers, & Duran, 2013; Fiore et al., 2010). As artificially intelligent and autonomous systems improve in their ability to learn, reason, interact, and coordinate with human teammates combined with the observation that teams can express cognitive capacities typically seen in individuals,a cognitive science of teams is emerging. Consequently, new questions are being asked about teams regarding teamness, trust, the introduction and effects of autonomous systems on teams, and how best to measure team behavior and phenomena. In this topic, four facets of human‐autonomy team cognition are introduced with leaders in the field providing in‐depth articles associated with one or more of the facets: (1)defining teams; (2)how trust is established, maintained, and repaired when broken; (3)autonomous systems operating as teammates; and (4)metrics for evaluating team cognition across communication, coordination, and performance.
One Health: Therapies Targeting Genetic Variants in Human and Canine Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Sarcomas
Authors: Erich Suzanne Agnes , Teske Erik
Published: June 2024

The precise cause of HS/DCS is still unknown. The relatively low incidence in humans urges for an animal model with a high incidence to accelerate knowledge about genetics and optimal treatment of HS/DCS. Namely, until now, the therapies targeting genetic variants are still more experimental and sparsely used, while consensus is missing. In addition, the literature about variants and possible mutation‐targeted therapies in humans and dogs consists mainly of case reports scattered throughout the literature. Therefore, an overview is provided of all currently known genetic variants in humans and dogs with HS/DCS and its subtypes, their possible mutation‐targeted therapies, their efficacy, and a contemplation about the future. Several genetic variants have already been discovered in HS/DCS, of which many are shared between canine and human HS/DCS, but unique variants exist as well. Unfortunately, none of these already found variants seem to be specifically causal for HS/DCS, and the puzzle of its landscape of genetic variation is far from complete. The use of mutation‐targeted therapies, including MAPK‐/MEK‐inhibitors and the future use of PTPN11‐, CDK4/6‐ and PD‐1‐inhibitors, seems to be promising for these specific variants, but clearly, clinical trials are needed to determine optimal inhibitors and standardised protocols for all variants. It can be concluded that molecular analysis for variants and subsequent mutation‐targeted therapy are an essential addition to cancer diagnostics and therapy. A joint effort of humans and dogs in research is urgently needed and will undoubtedly increase knowledge and survival of this devastating disease in dogs and humans.
Wall crossing for K‐moduli spaces of plane curves
Authors: Ascher Kenneth , DeVleming Kristin , Liu Yuchen
Published: June 2024

We construct proper good moduli spaces parametrizing K‐polystable ‐Gorenstein smoothable log Fano pairs , where is a Fano variety and is a rational multiple of the anticanonical divisor. We then establish a wall‐crossing framework of these K‐moduli spaces as varies. The main application in this paper is the case of plane curves of degree as boundary divisors of . In this case, we show that when the coefficient is small, the K‐moduli space of these pairs is isomorphic to the GIT moduli space. We then show that the first wall crossing of these K‐moduli spaces are weighted blow‐ups of Kirwan type. We also describe all wall crossings for degree 4,5,6 and relate the final K‐moduli spaces to Hacking's compactification and the moduli of K3 surfaces.
The biology and pathogenicity of
Clostridium perfringens
type F: a common human enteropathogen with a new(ish) name
Authors: Shrestha Archana , Mehdizadeh Gohari Iman , Li Jihong , Navarro Mauricio , Uzal Francisco A. , McClane Bruce A.
Published: June 2024

In the 2018-revised
Clostridium perfringens
typing classification system, isolates carrying the enterotoxin (
cpe
) and alpha toxin genes but no other typing toxin genes are now designated as type F. Type F isolates cause food poisoning and nonfoodborne human gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, which most commonly involve type F isolates carrying, respectivefooly, a chromosomal or plasmid-borne
cpe
gene. Compared to spores of other
C. perfringens
isolates, spores of type F chromosomal
cpe
isolates often exhibit greater resistance to food environment stresses, likely facilitating their survival in improperly prepared or stored foods. Multiple factors contribute to this spore resistance phenotype, including the production of a variant small acid-soluble protein-4. The pathogenicity of type F isolates involves sporulation-dependent
C. perfringens
enterotoxin (CPE) production.
C. perfringens
sporulation is initiated by orphan histidine kinases and sporulation-associated sigma factors that drive
cpe
transcription. CPE-induced cytotoxicity starts when CPE binds to claudin receptors to form a small complex (which also includes nonreceptor claudins). Approximately six small complexes oligomerize on the host cell plasma membrane surface to form a prepore. CPE molecules in that prepore apparently extend β-hairpin loops to form a β-barrel pore, allowing a Ca
2+
influx that activates calpain. With low-dose CPE treatment, caspase-3-dependent apoptosis develops, while high-CPE dose treatment induces necroptosis. Those effects cause histologic damage along with fluid and electrolyte losses from the colon and small intestine. Sialidases likely contribute to type F disease by enhancing CPE action and, for NanI-producing nonfoodborne human GI disease isolates, increasing intestinal growth and colonization.
Tuina on knee pain and functional decline of lower limbs for patients with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis in Shanghai: protocol for a multicentre, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ma Jianwen , Guo Guangxin , Yue Hongyu , Xie Chaoqun , Xie Fangfang , Chen Ziying , Gu Yuanjia , Zhang Shuaipan , Fang Min , Yao Fei
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common osteoarthritis, imposing substantial economic and medical burdens on both individuals and society. In China, Tuina has been selected as a complementary and alternative therapy to relieve knee pain and dysfunction symptoms. However, the current evidence is insufficient to support the efficacy of Tuina therapy in addressing knee pain and improving physical function. The trial aims to compare the effectiveness of Tuina with celecoxib, which is considered as the standard treatment, and to assess its potential as an alternative therapy through changes in outcome measures.

Methods and analysis

A total of 360 KOA patients aged between 40 and 70 years and classified as Kellgren and Lawrence grades I–II will be recruited from eight subcentral hospitals. The participants will be randomly assigned to either the treatment group (Tuina, Biw) or the control group (celecoxib, Qd), with both groups undergoing a 4-week intervention phase followed by an 8-week follow-up phase. The primary outcome is the change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale at week 4 compared with baseline. Secondary outcomes including WOMAC stiffness and function subscales, WOMAC total score, 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, Timed Up and Go test, Short Physical Performance Battery, gait analysis parameters and pain medication records will be assessed at weeks 4, 8 and 12. Any adverse events that occur during the trial will be promptly recorded.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2023SHL-KY-16-01, 2023SHL-KY-16-02). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2300069416.
Global, regional and national time trends in incidence of adverse effects of medical treatment, 1990–2019: an age–period–cohort analysis from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study
Authors: Lin Liangquan
Published: June 2024

Background

Current adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) incidence estimates rely on limited record reviews and underreporting surveillance systems. This study evaluated global and national longitudinal patterns in AEMT incidence from 1990 to 2019 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) framework.

Methods

AEMT was defined as harm resulting from a procedure, treatment or other contact with the healthcare system. The overall crude incidence rate, age-standardised incidence rate and their changes over time were analysed to evaluate temporal trends. Data were stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles, age groups and sex to address heterogeneity across and within nations. An age–period–cohort model framework was used to differentiate the contributions of age, period and cohort effects on AEMT incidence changes. The model estimated overall and age-specific annual percentage changes in incidence rates.

Findings

Although the global population increased 44.6% from 1990 to 2019, AEMT incidents rose faster by 59.3%. The net drift in the global incidence rate was 0.631% per year. The proportion of all cases accounted for by older adults and the incidence rate among older adults increased globally. The high SDI region had much higher and increasing incidence rates versus declining rates in lower SDI regions. The age effects showed that in the high SDI region, the incidence rate is higher among older adults. Globally, the period effect showed a rising incidence of risk after 2002. Lower SDI regions exhibited a significant increase in incidence risk after 2012. Globally, the cohort effect showed a continually increasing incidence risk across sequential birth cohorts from 1900 to 1950.

Conclusion

As the global population ageing intensifies alongside the increasing quantity of healthcare services provided, measures need to be taken to address the continuously rising burden of AEMT among the older population.
The relationship between frontal alpha asymmetry and behavioral and brain activity indices of reactive inhibitory control
Authors: Akil Atakan M. , Cserjési Renáta , Nagy Tamás , Demetrovics Zsolt , Németh Dezső , Logemann H. N. Alexander
Published: June 2024

This research reveals dissociation between baseline frontal alpha asymmetry and the timing of reactive inhibitory brain activities in food-reward contexts. Whereas inhibitory control performance decreases over time in a stop signal task, electrophysiological indices show reduced early- and heightened late-onset inhibitory brain activity, especially in the reward condition. Additionally, greater right frontal activity correlates with reduced early-onset and increased late-onset inhibitory brain activity.
Glycemic Control and Lung Function in Younger and Older Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Piya-amornphan Nitita , Sanpakdee Taweephol , Permphet Chadaporn
Published: June 2024

Background. Diabetic angiopathy has been reported to be a common complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. The lungs also have been reported to be the affected organ. The present study aimed to determine the impacts of glycemic control on lung function in younger and older patients with diabetes. Methods. One hundred twenty‐two patients were recruited to the present analytical observational study. HbA1c, patient’s medical history, and current health status obtained from the hospital medical records were collected. Spirometry was performed for the lung function test. Self‐reported respiratory symptoms were obtained. Regression analysis, odds ratio, and mean differences between groups were revealed. Results. Forced vital capacity (%predicted) in patients with diabetes was lower than 80%. It also was associated with the self‐reported respiratory symptoms. Regression analysis revealed that glycemic control influenced pulmonary function in patients with diabetes (standardized coefficient beta = −0.224, p value = 0.014). HbA1c level > 7% was a factor in reducing the forced vital capacity in the patients (odds ratio = 3.125; 95% CI, 1.401–6.964). With respect to age and glycemic control, forced vital capacity (%predicted) of patients aged ≥60 years old with poor glycemic control also was significantly lower than those with good glycemic control (p < 0.001).Conclusions. The pulmonary function test of the patients with diabetes indicates restrictive lungs. Poor glycemic control impairs lung function and may cause respiratory symptoms, especially in the elderly.
Table S14 from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

Top Shapley values per organ system. Shapnorm = shapley effect score normalized across all predictions of the cancer type
Table S10 from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

S10: Accuracy across Purity Thresholds
Data from Deep-Learning Model for Tumor-Type Prediction Using Targeted Clinical Genomic Sequencing Data
Authors: Darmofal Madison , Suman Shalabh , Atwal Gurnit , Toomey Michael , Chen Jie-Fu , Chang Jason C. , Vakiani Efsevia , Varghese Anna M. , Balakrishnan Rema Anoop , Syed Aijazuddin , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Morris Quaid
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tumor type guides clinical treatment decisions in cancer, but histology-based diagnosis remains challenging. Genomic alterations are highly diagnostic of tumor type, and tumor-type classifiers trained on genomic features have been explored, but the most accurate methods are not clinically feasible, relying on features derived from whole-genome sequencing (WGS), or predicting across limited cancer types. We use genomic features from a data set of 39,787 solid tumors sequenced using a clinically targeted cancer gene panel to develop Genome-Derived-Diagnosis Ensemble (GDD-ENS): a hyperparameter ensemble for classifying tumor type using deep neural networks. GDD-ENS achieves 93% accuracy for high-confidence predictions across 38 cancer types, rivaling the performance of WGS-based methods. GDD-ENS can also guide diagnoses of rare type and cancers of unknown primary and incorporate patient-specific clinical information for improved predictions. Overall, integrating GDD-ENS into prospective clinical sequencing workflows could provide clinically relevant tumor-type predictions to guide treatment decisions in real time.
Significance:
We describe a highly accurate tumor-type prediction model, designed specifically for clinical implementation. Our model relies only on widely used cancer gene panel sequencing data, predicts across 38 distinct cancer types, and supports integration of patient-specific nongenomic information for enhanced decision support in challenging diagnostic situations.

See related commentary by Garg, p. 906.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 897
Supplementary Figure 5 from Mechanistic Characterization of Cancer-associated Fibroblast Depletion via an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein
Authors: Gallant Joseph P. , Hintz Hallie M. , Gunaratne Gihan S. , Breneman Matthew T. , Recchia Emma E. , West Jayden L. , Ott Kendahl L. , Heninger Erika , Jackson Abigail E. , Luo Natalie Y. , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Hernandez Reinier , Zhao Shuang G. , Lang Joshua M. , Meimetis Labros , Kosoff David , LeBeau Aaron M.
Published: June 2024

VEGFA expression
CHECKLIST OF ORIBATID MITES (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) FROM MEXICO
Authors: REVELO-TOBAR HAROL , OJEDA MARGARITA , GARCÍA-AYALA LEONARDO J. , PALACIOS-VARGAS JOSÉ G.
Published: June 2024

The Checklist of Oribatida from Mexico includes all known records to date, resulting in 768 species included in 378 genera from 117 families and 43 superfamilies. Records of nine fossil species from Lower Miocene amber (23 Ma) from Chiapas are included. Records are given for 12 of the biogeographic provinces proposed for the country, covering most of the Mexican states (except Sonora, Sinaloa and Tlaxcala), and therefore Mexico ranges among regions with a high species diversity, like Japan (833), India (789), Italy (721), Russian Far East (599), Canada (580) and Brazil (576). Many national and foreign people have contributed to the knowledge about the Mexican Oribatid mite fauna since the early twentieth century.
New species and records of the symbiotic shrimp genus Leptalpheus Williams, 1965, with notes on Fenneralpheus Felder & Manning, 1986, and preliminary molecular analysis of phylogenetic relationships (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae)
Authors: SCIOLI JUSTIN A. , ROBLES RAFAEL , FELDER DARRYL L.
Published: June 2024

The shrimp genera Leptalpheus Williams, 1965 and Fenneralpheus Felder & Manning, 1986 are composed entirely of symbiotic species that co-inhabit burrows of infaunal macrocrustaceans. We report extensive collections of these genera from western Atlantic, eastern Pacific and Indo-West Pacific regions. Integrative taxonomy methods, including morphological comparisons and analysis of three mitochondrial genetic markers, are used to test species hypotheses and evolutionary relationships among members of these genera. Our molecular analysis failed to recover Leptalpheus or Fenneralpheus as monophyletic groups. Our results strongly supported the monophyly of three clades composed of species of Leptalpheus, loosely corresponding to previously proposed species groups. Three new species closely related to Leptalpheus forceps Williams, 1965, L. marginalis Anker, 2011, and L. mexicanus Ríos & Carvacho, 1983 are described. Leptalpheus ankeri n. sp., from the Caribbean Sea, Atlantic coast of Florida, and Gulf of Mexico, is a polymorphic species that exhibits two major cheliped morphotypes. Leptalpheus sibo n. sp., from the Pacific coast of Nicaragua, is morphologically very similar to L. ankeri n. sp., likely its transisthmian sister species, and shares its cheliped polymorphism. A reassessment of L. forceps concluded that records of this species from the Caribbean Sea and Brazil are not conspecific with L. forceps sensu stricto from the Atlantic coast of the USA and the Gulf of Mexico, and they are herein described as Leptalpheus degravei n. sp. Based on both molecular and morphological evidence, we found Leptalpheus bicristatus Anker, 2011 to be a junior synonym of L. mexicanus and Leptalpheus canterakintzi Anker & Lazarus, 2015 to be a junior synonym of Leptalpheus azuero Anker, 2011. First reports of Leptalpheus axianassae Dworschak & Coelho, 1999 in Texas and Mexico, Leptalpheus denticulatus Anker & Marin, 2009 in the Mariana Islands, Leptalpheus felderi Anker, Vera Caripe & Lira, 2006 and Leptalpheus lirai Vera Caripe, Pereda & Anker, 2021 in the USA, and Leptalpheus pereirai Anker & Vera Caripe, 2016 in Cuba are included.
Some Reflections on Two Significant Contributions of Ron Jones: Specificity of Factors and Non-traded Goods
Authors: Acharyya Rajat
Published: June 2024

This article pays tribute to Professor Ronald W. Jones by reflecting upon how two significant, yet simple and elegant, analytical structures developed by him have been used by researchers to address a wide set of issues relevant for developed and developing countries alike and hold the potential to analyse some unexplored issues of relevance in the future. One is the specific-factor model, and the other is the composite-traded and non-traded model that came out of his Frank Graham Lecture in 1976. These two important competitive general equilibrium structures provide significant and relevant departures from the Ricardian and Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson models, highlighting the role of both factor scarcity and local demand.

JEL Codes: F11, F13, F21
Sales Performance Rankings: Examining the Impact of the Type of Information Displayed on Sales Force Outcomes
Authors: Ahearne Molly , Pourmasoudi Mohsen , Atefi Yashar , Lam Son K.
Published: June 2024

Performance rankings are a widely used motivational tool in sales organizations, yet their effectiveness in influencing important salesperson outcomes remains largely underexplored. Moreover, the impact of presenting different types of information alongside rankings has not been previously investigated. This research, spanning two studies with more than 27,000 salespeople from over 170 firms representing 83 countries, directly addresses this research gap, examining the effects of three distinct information conditions: anonymized performance rankings, identifiable performance rankings, and identifiable rankings with quotas on salesperson quota attainment and turnover. The authors also examine the role of variable compensation share and ranking group size, offering nuanced insights into their moderating effects. The findings reveal that anonymous rankings, while beneficial for quota attainment, increase turnover. In contrast, identifiable rankings coupled with quotas do not significantly improve quota attainment but effectively reduce turnover. The authors find that disclosing performance rankings with salespeople's identities is the sole condition that simultaneously elevates quota attainment and reduces turnover. By delineating these nuances, this research provides new and important implications to several literature streams and equips sales managers with strategic guidance on tailoring the presentation of performance rankings to enhance critical outcomes within the specific context of their organizations.
Why insurgents engage in kidnappings: A coercive strategy in quasi-state governance and control?
Authors: Liu Lu , Eisner Manuel
Published: June 2024

Despite the common perception viewing kidnappings as means to generate ransom income and to obtain political concessions, it remains unclear why kidnappings are disproportionately employed by some violent insurgent groups but not by the others. Combining data from the Global Terrorism Database and the Big Allied and Dangerous Insurgency Dataset, we empirically examined this question with a theoretical focus on the possible role of insurgents’ performance of state-like functions, which may necessitate the use of kidnappings as an illicit form of ‘policing’ and punishment for social control. Our analyses mainly focused on three aspects of quasi-state activities: extraction; provision of public services; and warring activities. A series of negative binomial regressions were conducted to examine the effects of insurgents’ quasi-state activities on their kidnapping activities over a base model with only group capacity and resource factors. We found that the initial effects of territory-control and membership size disappeared when variables measuring quasi-state activities were included into the model. This suggests that the influence of group capacity and resources on kidnappings may be an indirect one via insurgents’ strategic need for coercive control when contending for quasi-state status.
Book review: Pratibha Ray, Yajnaseni [Yajnaseni: The Story of Draupadi]
Authors: Mishra Sujit Kumar
Published: June 2024

Pratibha Ray, Yajnaseni [Yajnaseni: The Story of Draupadi] (Odia), Adya Prakashani, 2012 (76th ed.), 429 pp., ₹200, ISBN: 978-81-908545-0-2 (Hardcover).
Repossession Through Community Participation: A Study of Vrihi Community Seed Bank in Odisha
Authors: Das Sarthak Kumar , Mallick Sambit
Published: June 2024

Seeds are the building blocks of food security, and their free exchange amongst the farming community has formed the bedrock for maintaining genetic diversity in addition to food security and sovereignty. The appropriation of production, exchange, and marketing of seeds by the corporate over the past decades has altered the agricultural scene in the Global South. Given the conflicting perspectives, mandates, and practices of multiple stakeholders, this article attempts to critically evaluate seed policies in India considering the cultural, economic, and social undertones that characterise them. From the perspective of the sociology of science, this article attempts to trace the shifts in the decline of the ‘rural’, erosion of national agriculture, policy gaps, and why values matter in India’s development narratives vis-à-vis science and technology solutions. Further, this article investigates, through a case study of Vrihi Community Seed Bank (CSB),1 located in the eastern state of Odisha, how CSBs are progressively being seen as a possible long-term solution to combat the diverse challenges posed by changing agro-climatic conditions, increasing corporatisation, and industrialisation of agricultural and allied practices of food production.
Recent Advances in the Development and Characterisation of Automotive Comfort Seating Foams*
Authors: Leenslag J.W. , Huygens E. , Tan A.
Published: June 2024

The continuous pressure from the automotive industry for cost saving has resulted in greater demands for car seat weight reduction coupled with improved comfort. This has led to even more in-depth studies on the contribution of flexible polyurethane seating foams to ride comfort and durability.

Advanced techniques - such as small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic creep, vibrational characterisation and finite element analysis (FEA) - have been used to characterise the foams. Seat effective amplitude transmissibility (S.E.A.T.) analysis of comfort seat cushions has made it possible to assess their vibrational performance. Ride comfort and durability of MDl-based cushions has been verified by accelerated field evaluation.

As a result of this work, ICI Polyurethanes has developed a versatile, low density foam technology based on MDI which can be tailored to specific seat requirements, ensuring superior ride comfort and durability performance.
Enlarged perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia are associated with arteries not veins
Authors: Oltmer Jan , Mattern Hendrik , Beck Julia , Yakupov Renat , Greenberg Steven M , Zwanenburg Jaco JM , Arts Tine , Düzel Emrah , van Veluw Susanne J , Schreiber Stefanie , Perosa Valentina
Published: June 2024

Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) are common in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and have been identified as a marker of dysfunctional brain clearance. However, it remains unknown if the enlargement occurs predominantly around arteries or veins. We combined in vivo ultra-high-resolution MRI and histopathology to investigate the spatial relationship of veins and arteries with EPVS within the basal ganglia (BG). Furthermore, we assessed the relationship between the EPVS and measures of blood-flow (blood-flow velocity, pulsatility index) in the small arteries of the BG. Twenty-four healthy controls, twelve non-CAA CSVD patients, and five probable CAA patients underwent a 3 tesla [T] and 7T MRI-scan, and EPVS, arteries, and veins within the BG were manually segmented. Furthermore, the scans were co-registered. Six autopsy-cases were also assessed. In the BG, EPVS were significantly closer to and overlapped more frequently with arteries than with veins. Histological analysis showed a higher proportion of BG EPVS surrounding arteries than veins. Finally, the pulsatility index of BG arteries correlated with EPVS volume. Our results are in line with previous works and establish a pathophysiological relationship between arteries and EPVS, contributing to elucidating perivascular clearance routes in the human brain.