bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concepts of Cyber Security
Authors: Shterev Yordan
Published: November 2022

This article summarizes, presents and develops technological concepts of cybersecurity according to the current state of the problem. Based on the OSI model, the main protocols used for it and hardware devices on the one hand, and the main vulnerabilities and threats on the other, the current protections against cyberattacks have been revealed.
Аlgorithm for Thermal Calculation of Engine in Engineering Education
Authors: Minchev Raycho
Published: November 2022

This review aims to acquaint readers with the methods used in calculation in disciplines of vocational education and in particular basic calculations in internal combustion engines. Within the framework of the exposition the theoretical bases in this field of thermodynamic calculation using Excel are considered. Each of the main sections contains developed examples for solving a specific problem using the specified algorithms. At the end are summarized the main advantages that require calculation. The text can be used by engineering practitioners who rely on their research, including assessments and analysis.
Basic Guidelines in the Study of Car Indicators in the Study of the Discipline of Automotive Engineering
Authors: Minchev Raycho
Published: November 2022

The intensive development of automotive technology over the last century has significantly expanded the possibilities for modeling and researching the behavior of the car and its systems. As part of this development, the issue of obtaining accurate analytical expressions and estimates of parameters of a highly statistical nature was raised, in part the main points in their calculations. Because the evaluation of the car is most often performed by applying comparative methods, the essence of which is to determine the value of the object on the basis of data on similar parameters and characteristics. The exhibition discusses the theoretical foundations in the field of dynamic calculation of the car, as well as basic guidelines and sequence of actions used in training.
Establishment of Simulator for Practical Training of Persons Regarding the Correct Actions in Case of Kitchen
Authors: Arabadzhieva Svilena , Abadzhiev Tihomir
Published: November 2022

This report discusses the steps to create a kitchen fire simulator. The aim is to create the most simple simulator. Demonstrations for children about the dangers of extinguishing burning fat with water can be made through the simulator. Also, in real conditions, cadets can practice proper actions with fire blankets.
Analisis Tingkat Literasi Digital Generasi Milenial dalam Mencegah Cyber Crime
Authors: Iffah Azzahro Aulia  , Vebrianto Rian , Iqbal Miftakhul Mujtahid
Published: November 2022

Cybercrime is considered a serious problem in the digital age. The problem is the low literacy rate of the digital community. In Indonesia, the number of Internet users and the frequency with which people access information content and social media, especially among the millennial generation, are not accompanied by awareness to use the internet wisely. For this reason, this study aims to determine the level of digital literacy of the millennial generation in the city of Surabaya in tackling cybercrime. The research method used is a survey method with a quantitative approach. The sample used as research is 45 people from peers with a range of ages 15 to 20 years. Digital data literacy was obtained from the distribution of online questionnaires using Googleform which contained 31 statements as indicators, then analyzed descriptively using the SPSS version 23.00 program for Windows. The results showed that the level of digital literacy in general was in the low category index. The highest component is shown by Understanding Understanding, with a digital literacy index score of 46.8%, which is in the medium category. The lowest component is indicated by the ability to collaborate with a digital literacy index score of 32.2%. This research contributes in the form of new policy recommendations for policy makers as initial data screening related to digital literacy.
Analisis Model Integrasi Sains dan Islam pada Pembelajaran IPA di SMP Negeri 05 Rokan IV Koto
Authors: Budiawan Afiq , Zahwa Riskina  , Vebrianto Rian
Published: November 2022

The integration of science and Islamic religious values is needed in the reconstruction of the Islamic education system. This study aims to explore several models of integrating science and religion and their implications for Islamic education. The data obtained were analyzed and interviewed from several students at SMP Negeri 05 Rokan IV Koto. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the integration of science and Islam in learning only a few students know and some of them still think that science and religion cannot be used as one in learning. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as information for educators and further researchers to overcome the low understanding of students in understanding the integration of science and Islam.
NEWSREELS AND CENSORSHIP IN ANTANAS SMETONA’S LITHUANIA, 1926–1940
Authors: Dambrauskas Audrius
Published: November 2022

December 17, 1926 marked a change for the young independent Republic of Lithuania. On that day a military coup d’état replaced the democratically elected government with the authoritarian government led by ultra-conservative Lithua- nian Nationalist Union (Tautininkų sąjungos) party leader Antanas Smetona. The new government increased the control of various means of mass communication. In 1932 Film censorship law was passed, which created one centralised institution to censor all films shown in Lithuania (before this law, censorship was sporadic and done by different district officials). The same year Newsreels law was passed, which ordered that before any feature film screening, a Lithuanian newsreel must be shown. This law boosted the small Lithuanian film-making community. But not for long, by 1935 all rights to make Lithuanian newsreels were granted to one company run by filmmaker Jurgis Linartas, and old acquaintance of Anta- nas Smetona. From then on, only the Lithuanian newsreels produced by Jurgis Linartas could be shown in theatres. By means of censorship and control of news- reel production, Antanas Smetona’s regime tried to create an alternative reality to be shown in cinemas. But the new reality not only contrasted with real life too much, its making was too much of a task to handle by the regime. Audience reac- tion to Antanas Smetona’s period newsreels and their shortcomings, show us the construction of ideal image of Lithuania failed in interwar Lithuanian newsreels.
DOCUMENTARY FILMMAKERS’ ANTI-COMMUNIST MANIFESTO. THE FILM “KULDĪGA FRESCOES” (AIVARS FREIMANIS, 1966)
Authors: Pērkone Inga
Published: November 2022

In his book The Communist Post Scriptum, philosopher Boris Groys defines communism as a revolutionary project, the aim of which was to subordinate the economy to politics and to transform society from a financial medium into a lin- guistic medium. In order to achieve communism, it was first necessary to verbalise society. At the beginning of the 1960s, efforts by Riga poetic documentary film- makers to work in the cinéma vérité style failed because the Soviet people, having experienced a linguistic turn, clearly knew what to say and how to speak when approached by film cameras. It was one of the reasons why part of Soviet film- makers started avoiding the spoken word in cinema in the hope of approaching truth solely through image. In the middle of the 1960s, there were two monumental documentaries created at Riga Film Studios that were entirely based on the dramatic expressivity of image: 235,000,000 (1967) by Uldis Brauns and “Kuldīga Frescoes” (Kuldīgas freskas, 1966) by Aivars Freimanis. However, I believe that the films went in opposite directions. The epic documentary 235,000,000, which was dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the USSR, actually offered an equivalent visual expression to the leading Soviet linguistic discourse, whereas “Kuldīga Frescoes” liberated visual aesthetics from the shackles of political language, “taking it to another horizon where it becomes free, a new creature in nation humanity” (Rainis). The topic of my paper will be “Kuldīga Frescoes”.
THE ESTONIAN DOCUMENTARY FILM INDUSTRY: INVESTING IN THE CULTURAL GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY
Authors: Abbatescianni Davide
Published: November 2022

Estonia represents one of the few countries in Europe where short and feature documentaries are produced more than fiction films. According to the latest report published by Cineuropa in 2015, Estonia released 8 fiction features and 12 documentaries. Alongside these, 44 fiction short films, 85 short documentaries and 10 short animations were completed, making a total of 159 films produced in Estonia during 2014. Though it has a limited domestic market, Estonian documentary film industry is vibrant and flourishing. Is it possible for this trend to continue as the country faces demographic decline and competes with bigger industries? The potential of Estonian authors and producers is very high and could be increased. There is a spirit of taking the initiative and good business conditions. Though Estonia does not have huge budgets and public grants that bigger European countries possess, it does have the right qualified workforce. My presentation will illustrate the main trends of the Estonian film industry, with a focus on documentary sector, and suggest a concrete solution to maximize productivity and create a number of inspiring works for international audience. The excellent level of Estonia’s educational system and its professionals – especially as concerns primary education – may be combined with the outstanding work of filmmakers, producing documentaries for educational purposes and favouring interactivity, and done jointly with IT experts, among the best in Europe.
HISTORY IN THE FILMS OF JĀNIS STREIČS
Authors: Zelče Vita
Published: November 2022

The creative biography of the film director Jānis Streičs includes 22 feature films, 13 of which are devoted to the present day and nine are about the past. From among historical films, one depicts Latvia at the turn of the 19th century, another focuses on the Russian Civil War, two deal with the inter-war period, three depict World War II, and two are about the 1940s. These films offer Streičs’ views about the past, his own interpretation of the texts of history. At the same time, events, people, environments and life situations of the past are viewed from the present-day perspective, which includes issues and values from the present day within the space of the past. This paper examines two films made by Jānis Streičs during the Soviet era, both of them focusing on Latvian history – “The Boys of Līvsala” (1969) and “Strange Passions” (1983), and both of them are set in 1946. The films are different because of the 14 years that passed between the production of the first one and the second one, but they differ even more by the way in which the director sends messages about the past, also displaying his relationship to history and regimes. “Strange Passions” is a challenging film in terms of the history of cinema and the Soviet occupation of Latvia, bringing up the question of whether such a film could have been produced and shown in cinemas and on television. The era that is reflected in the two films is part of Jānis Streičs’ own biography. He was a child in 1946, and there was a great deal of tragedy caused by the Soviet regime, its cultivated violence, and the lack of value for human lives. The paper reviews the history interpretation in these films, and the research is based on documents from the Riga Film Studios materials that are stored at the Latvian State Archives. The conclusion is that “The Boys of Līvsala” and “Strange Passions” provide brilliant evidence of the director’s “magical realist” style. They demonstrate his great skill in transforming the childhood and youth period of his generation into a part of Latvia’s cultural memory.
AWARENESS RAISING AND PROTECTION OF ARCHAELOGICAL HERITAGE
Authors: Kairišs Andris
Published: November 2022

Significant amount of illegal excavations and information regarding Internet trade of protected artifacts, the number of criminal cases and other violations strongly implies that Latvian archaeological heritage is endangered. The detailed situation unfortunately is not precisely known since correspondent statistical data are not being processed and analysed on regular basis. Different methods are being used in order to reduce illegal obtainment and trade of antiquities, however, it is usually hard to find relatively efficient and at the same time fast solution. One of practical solutions to the problem has to do with enhancing awareness of different audiences involved. Thus, after six months of hard work, the Catalogue of Endangered Latvian Archaeological Artefacts was published in June 2016. The analysis of national situation regarding protection of archaeological artifacts, combined with survey of controlling institutions as well as study of foreign information sources allowed for some conclusions at the broader level: • awareness-raising activities seem to be necessary and valuable as legislative acts do not contain all the information needed for different audiences. Awareness raising achieved by information dissemination concerning protected archaeological artifacts and related issues seems to be accelerated comparing to other possible solutions; • understanding the factors that push to wrongdoing or influence abstention from it in the context of current political and socio-economic situation is probably the key aspect for facilitating protection of cultural heritage; • the combination of informational, legal, law enforcement, analytical, coordination, organization and mutual cooperation activities is important for more effective protection.
THE ART AS RESEARCH: THE CASE OF HISTORICAL FANTASY “MECHANICAL VEIDENBAUMS”
Authors: Balodis Andrejs , Hiršs Andris , Kamoliņš Ainārs
Published: November 2022

This article is artists’ statement. It deals with several theoretical questions surrounding the art performance Mehāniskais Veidenbaums (“Mechanical Veiden- baums”, 2017). The performance was based on E. Veidenbaums’ (1867–1892) “Discourse on Mechanics” (Apcerējumi iz mekānikas, 1894). An introductory remark about relations between research and art is given in the first part of the article. The second part argues about historical fantasy and its application in historical and philosophical research. The final part describes historical details used in the performance.
TOWARDS SOCIAL CINEMA: EXTENDING OF RIGA POETIC STYLE IN THE 1970s
Authors: Pērkone Inga
Published: November 2022

In the 1960s, a group of young and very gifted documentary filmmakers established themselves at Riga Film Studio and developed a poetic style, based on visual metaphors which they named themselves as Riga Style but later in the Soviet and East European context the style and its creators came to be known as Riga Poetic Documentary Film School. Yet in the 1970s one can identify pronounced focusing by the documentary filmmakers on social issues, the aspirations to offer in their films analysis of the problems existing in the society and sometimes offering their solution without losing the artistic qualities of the films. The article written in 1971 by Armīns Lejiņš, the script writer and theorist of the poetic cinema, “Poetic Cinema + Scientific Cinema = Social Cinema” can be perceived as their manifesto. Lejiņš was convinced that by combining poetry and science, Riga documentary filmmakers could facilitate henceforth logical, analytical and dialectical thinking culture in their films. Within the framework of my article, I’ll provide a broader insight into the social angle of films by Latvian documentary filmmakers, into their thematic and aesthetic aspects, and also offer a more detailed analysis of the film “The Woman We Expect?” (Sieviete, kuru gaida?, 1978) – the concept, the process of its making, relations with censorship and its reception.
IMAGINED RESIDENCE: REPRESENTATION OF RIGA’S RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT IN SOVIET MOVIES
Authors: Matvejs Jānis
Published: November 2022

This study contributes to the field of the human geography by conducting a content analysis of a vast number of Soviet movies with focusing on development and spatial organization of living spaces in Riga. In this article, the author sheds light on the construction of meaning of space and cultural politics, where relation of dominance is defined and contested in visual representation of Riga’s residential apartments. The aim of this article is to examine the portrayal of lived space of Riga through the movies of the Soviet period. During this research, the author has used a qualitative research methodology based on the best practices of human geography data transcription and coding. The research consists of the analysis of 290 movies. The main findings show that living spaces are frequently portrayed in the Soviet cinema and they form an integral part of the Soviet urban perception. However, state-imposed censorship throughout the Soviet period strictly regulated geographical disposition in representing living spaces through intensifying or neglecting particular areas of Riga. The images of Riga and of living space found in films are often ideologically charged.
PRINCIPLES AND LOGIC OF THE DEPICTION OF FLOWERS IN VANITAS PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Sakse Līga
Published: November 2022

Art must reflect something that cannot be called trivial or perceived by rational means, as well as what we cannot experience in reality – the borderline between life and non-existence, death among other things. Certainly, ways of depiction vary – there are works of art where the temporariness of life and the inevitability of death have been modelled as a type of a game and there are also those works of art that bear an indirect reminder of death – through allegories or metaphors. Vanitas belongs to the latter. Vanitas is an allegorically presented still life that emerged as an independent genre in about 1550 and became most widespread in the 16th and 17th centuries in Belgium and Flanders. Traditionally the composition of a still life of this type included a human skull, a burnt-out candle, small cut flowers as well as other objects that all seemed to say – everything and anything is transient. The purpose of the paper is to undertake the comparative analysis of vanitas still lives by artists from the USA, Japan and Germany. The photographs of flowers will be used to read the cultural historical message contained in them as well as the technical means of expression used in photography that are enhanced by a profoundly personal depiction. The perceivable designation created by the photographer and the aesthetic object registered by the collective consciousness will be defined and described taking into consideration, as far as possible, the social context that has led to the creation of the given artefact. Works of art will be summarised according to different principles of depiction and the main trends that are reflected in contemporary art photography and have not been encountered before will be outlined. It will result in a general overview through applying acceptable norms that will make it possible to determine whether the picture is or is not contemporary as well as to establish criteria characterising the concept of the contemporary.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND ART IN LATVIA
Authors: Broka-Lāce Zenta
Published: November 2022

The correlation between art and archaeology in Latvia can be traced in vari- ous ways. First, despite all technical innovations there are still professional artists that work on field with archaeologists and are directly involved in the recording of archaeological evidence. Furthermore, art-related work is being done in reconstruc- tions, book illustrations and museum exhibitions. In addition to those who devote their artistic skills to scientific and educational purposes under the supervision of archaeologists, we can see quite a lot of artwork that represents something archaeo- logical while being the free fruits of artistic imagination. Archaeological science is of the opinion that inaccurate stylisations of archaeological costumes in movies or arbitrary depictions of some archaeological period in literary or any other work of art can very easily lead to false impressions and misunderstandings that endure for decades. On the other hand, scientists have no right to restrain the public from interpreting its own past as it deems fit. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relations and crossroads between art and archaeology by examining how they historically have developed, coexisted and influenced one another in the territory of Latvia from the 19th century till nowadays.
STREET ART AND GRAFFITI IN RIGA: MOTIVATION, OPINION AND WORK PROCESS OF ARTISTS
Authors: Balode Elīna
Published: November 2022

This article describes characteristics of graffiti and street art in Riga. The aim of the article is to present features of street art and graffiti phenomenon, as well as to highlight portrait of a typical urban Riga artist by analysing types of activities, motivation and other characterizing aspects of graffiti writers and street artists. The author of the article introduces general street art and graffiti phenomenon, highlighting differences between these forms of art, following analysis of such topics as manifestation of street art and graffiti in Riga, the most common forms of street art and graffiti in urban environment of Riga. The author of the article also provides analysis of street art and graffiti artists’ motivation of their activities and describes street artist’s one-night run that was studied during conducted inclusive observation thus allowing understanding the characteristics of typical Riga urban environment artist.
ISSUES CONCERNING THE PRESERVATION OF GRAFFITI. DEVELOPING CONSERVATION PRACTICES WORLDWIDE
Authors: Saldābola Sintija
Published: November 2022

This conference paper is dedicated to rising issues concerning the preservation of graffiti. The author outlines practical and ethical aspects conservators are dealing with while preserving an industrial canvas. How to treat artworks that are tangible and intangible at once? Graffiti is not just a drawing we see on the murals. It is a form of social movement, an artistic expression of opinion. We can draw similarities with contemporary art, where an idea might be an essence of the artwork and artists do not always think about the longevity of their creations. Artists might use materials and techniques that make conservator’s work practically impossible. That is why conservation in its traditional interpretation is an unsuitable solution for graffiti. Various ethical and practical questions have to be answered before conservator and society decide to preserve the art of graffiti.
CENTENARY OF LATVIA THROUGH THE EYES OF A CHILD
Authors: Rietuma Dita
Published: November 2022

Article “Centenary of Latvia Through the Eyes of a Child” focuses on the re- cent history of Latvian cinema – programme “Latvian Films for Centenary of Lat- via” (LV100) –, within framework of which 16 full-length films were made. For the first time in the history of the independent Latvia the films made in 2018 have been watched by more than half a million spectators. The main characters in several films from this programme are children and they offer a chance to view various events from the perceptual vantage point of a child. Author analyses numerous films of the programme (“Bille”, “Paradise 89”, “The Mover”, “To Be Continued”) in the context of representation of children’s experience in cinema and focuses on the different cine- matic approaches used by the authors of the films to communicate stories about the history of Latvia. Does the principle of choosing a child as the central image of the film signal the desire of the Latvian film directors to observe historical processes with a child’s eyes?
THEATRE AS COUNTER-HISTORY IN ESTONIA: THE CASE OF “BB AT NIGHT”
Authors: Toome Hedi-Liis
Published: November 2022

The theatres of Estonia celebrated the centenary of Estonian Republic by staging performances depicting different decades of the country’s history. The article dis - cus ses one of these performances “BB at Night” that staged the 1940s. The per formance is based on a novel of the same title that tells the story of Berthold Brecht’s journey to Finland during the Second World War. The aim of the article is to show – by describing three particular scenes from the performance and using the theories of Jacques Rancière, more precisely his notion of dissensus to analyse these scenes – how a performance that is not political per se could be received as political. By inviting audience members to participate in certain scenes, the bodies of theatre visitors are politicized, and the performance becomes aesthetically political and politically aesthetical.
LUMINOUS AMBUSH: SEIZING THE HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF CATASTROPHE THROUGH FILM
Authors: Guynn William
Published: November 2022

“There are wounds with which we should never cease to suffer, and, sometimes, in the life of a civilization, illness is better than health” [Ankersmit, “Remembering the Holocaust”]. My book, “Unspeakable Histories: Film and the Experience of Catastrophe” (2016), addresses films that depict 20th century atrocities and focuses on historical experience, not historical truth, and the emotions that still adhere to unresolved traumatic events. Using key concepts and analysis from this book, my goal here is to dem onstrate, through the interpretation of three films, how such historical experiences can be represented. In Yaël Hersonski’s “A Film Unfinished” (2010) the filmmaker deconstructs a Nazi propaganda film on the Warsaw Ghetto and brings us into direct contact with the experience of survivors. Rithy Panh in “S-21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine” (2003) and Joshua Oppenheimer in “The Act of Killing” (2012), use a technique I call psychodramatic mise?en?scène to incite perpetrators to reenact their genocidal acts. These films, among others, I argue, are capable of triggering moments of heightened awareness in which the reality of the past may be recovered in its material being.
CINEMATIC SHIFT FROM THE FRONT TO THE BACKGROUND. LANDSCAPE IN A POST WORD ERA
Authors: Stonys Audrius
Published: November 2022

With great honour to readers of “Culture Crossroads” we are offering an essay by outstanding Lithuanian documentary film director Audrius Stonys (1966), in which he shares reflections on spatial and temporal changes in documentary films within the historical context by fixating cinematic turns in elements of mise?en?scène, especially in the landscape representation. The author is looking more closely at what is happening in the front and back- ground of the documentary film “Ten Minutes Before the Flight of Icarus” (Dešimt minučių prieš Ikaro skrydį, 1990) directed by Arūnas Matelis (1961), a contempo- rary of Stonys. This particular film has been considered as a landmark which led to a shift towards a new era in Lithuanian documentary cinema.
SCREENING SPACE IN FILM ADAPTATIONS OF ESTONIAN HISTORICAL FICTION: “THE LAST RELIC” (1969) AND “BETWEEN THREE PLAGUES” (1970)
Authors: Näripea Eva
Published: November 2022

This article analyses the spatial representations of “The Last Relic” (Viimne reliikvia, Grigori Kromanov, 1969) and “Between Three Plagues” (Kolme katku va? hel, Virve Aruoja, 1970). While almost diametrically different in terms of intention, execution and reception, the films exemplify the complex interplay of the past and the present that is typical to screen adaptations of historical fiction. “The Last Relic” and “Between Three Plagues” belong to the same wave of cinematic works that was inspired by debates on the architectural heritage of Tallinn’s Old Town in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Using this historical urban environment, as well as its broader field of connotations, as a central point of reference, the films provide intriguing critiques of the late Soviet period that was characterised by negotiations of power, identity and history. As specimens of the heritage film genre, “The Last Relic” and “Between Three Plagues” open up a room for discussing the discursive intricacies of narrating the nation, demonstrating that industrial conditions, audio-visual struc- tures and ideological undercurrents can sometimes lead to unexpected, even conflicting constellations.
TAKING THE ACTORS SERIOUSL : MICHIEL VANDEVELDE S “PARADISE NOW (1968 – 2018)”
Authors: Kelleher Joe
Published: November 2022

The article departs from a phrase in Paul Ricoeur’s “Memory, History, Forget- ting” (2003), and attempts to take Ricoeur at his word, by taking seriously the troupe of Flemish teenage actors performing Michiel Vandevelde’s “Paradise Now (1968–2018)”, a re-working of the iconic performance by The Living Theatre, which when it was presented fifty years ago at the Avignon Festival offered itself as a preparation for its audience to take action, individually and collectively, personally and politically, beyond the space of the theatrical representation. Vandevelde and the teenagers’ re-do functions rather differently. Drawing as much on film history and news and popular media as on theatre history, it offers a compilation of iconic images winding back to 1968, an occasion for these young 21st century performer- citizens – at once theatrical actors and “actors” of their own history – to voice their ambivalence about the potentials for common action in the present moment and the times ahead. The article considers the role of the “actors” (including the absent and the dead) in historical representation. It argues that the temporal form of the serial or chronicle (one image after another in chronological order) rather than the supposedly more complex – and human – dramatic plot (which structures relations between beginning, middle and end), attends to “taking the actors seriously” – in their actions and their passions – as a pressing task for our times.
“BAŅUTA”, THE FIRST OPERA IN LATVIAN AND ITS LIBRETTO AS A HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE CONTEXT OF STAGING HISTORY
Authors: Kudiņš Jānis
Published: November 2022

In theatre (including musical theatre genres), the text of the performance is an artefact which can express and echo a historical theme. Additionally, over the course of time, this artistic narrative can experience various changes due to the influence of external factors. This narrative can also consciously or unconsciously influence soci- ety’s view over a longer period. This article is focused on the first opera in the Latvian language “Baņuta” (1920, author of libretto Arturs Krūmiņš, composer Alfrēds Kalniņš). The three versions of this opera (1920, 1937, 1941), especially changes of libretto over time, seven stagings at the Latvian National Opera Theatre (1920, 1937, 1941, 1953, 1968, 1979, 1999) and several concert performances in Latvia and outside (in the 20th century eighties) reflect interesting historical experience. It is worthwhile get to know this story in the context of Latvian national culture in the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century.
ADECUACIÓN TEXTUAL, COMPLEJIDAD Y PRECISIÓN MORFOSINTÁCTICA Y LÉXICA EN LA EXPRESIÓN ESCRITA DE ADOLESCENTES EN ESPAÑOL L2. ADEQUACY, MORPHOSYNTACTIC AND LEXICAL COMPLEXITY AND ACCURACY OF ADOLESCENT L2 SPANISH WRITING
Authors: Navarrete Iban Mañas , Cuart María José Centelles
Published: November 2022

In this work we collected the results of a study based on L2 Spanish writing tasks [Manchón 2016]. The analyzed corpus is based on letters written by Russian teenagers who study Spanish as a foreign language and native Spanish teenagers. In order to analyze the written texts of native and non-native speakers, syntactic and lexical complexity are established [Bulté & Housen 2012], as well as an accuracy rate [Polio 1997; Wolfe-Quintero et al. 1998]. These measurements have been com - monly used in second language acquisition studies [Mavrou 2016], and this allows us to discuss the results and to relate them to previous data obtained in similar studies. In addition, contextual adequacy will be measured taking into account communicative intention. Based on the obtained results, we will give some didactic recommendations for teaching writing skills to teenage students in formal education contexts.
RECURSOS DIDÁCTICOS PARA EL USO DE TEXTOS HISTÓRICOS EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE ELE. EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES FOR THE USE OF ANCIENT TEXTS IN SFL CLASSROOM
Authors: Rodríguez Vicente J. Marcet
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is to offer a series of resources to approach the history of the Spanish language to foreign students in a different and enjoyable way. Firstly, we describe the main existing studies and manuals to teach the history of Spanish to foreign students. Secondly, we present the main sources and web pages to obtain facsimile reproductions of ancient texts and we propose a series of activities to carry out a session on the history of Spanish in the classroom.
LA ENSEÑANZA DE E/L2 A MUJERES INMIGRANTES. REFLEXIONES EN TORNO A UNA EXPERIENCIA DOCENTE. TEACHING SPANISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE TO INMIGRANT WOMEN. REFLECTIONS ABOUT CLASSROOM EXPERIENCES
Authors: Latorre Genny Bonilla , Moya Ernesto Puertas
Published: November 2022

The article aims to reflect on the challenges of teaching Spanish to immigrant women and what devices and teaching strategies could make this teaching more effective. Specially, we will analyze the specific needs of adult immigrant women who face learning Spanish as a non-native language, and we will pay special attention to the influence of affective factors on their learning process. Finally, we will offer some didactic strategies that can be useful in the classroom of adult immigrant women to facilitate not only linguistic acquisition, but also the integration of the students in the new host society.
THE SONG AND DANCE CELEBRATION IN LITHUANIA: PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT, THE FESTIVAL’S CONCEPT AND EVALUATION
Authors: Savicka Aida
Published: November 2022

Even though the Song and Dance Celebration is one of the greatest and most remarkable culture events in Lithuania, the importance of which is recognised both at national and global level, it has to be admitted that it receives rather little attention of social and culture researchers. Therefore a preliminary small-scale Lithuanian representative public opinion survey was conducted shortly after the last Song and Dance Celebration’s closing (2014) to examine the socio-cultural integration potential of the Celebration, the prevalence of its concept in public consciousness, the activity of participation in festival’s events as well as their evaluation. The data allow me to assess the prospects of continuity of the Song and Dance Celebration tradition in terms of societal attitudes, and also the meaning and viability of the Celebration among various demographic groups.
INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO DOCUMENTATION OF LATVIAN PERFORMANCE ART
Authors: Kristberga Laine
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on the debate among the theatre and performance theorists, who have long argued that performance becomes something else whenever it is documented. In fact, performance art historians can be divided into two groups: the first are adamant that a performance must be seen and experienced as a “live” event, the second – that performance art cannot exist without documentation, since it needs a proof of its occurrence. An alternative perspective maintains that documents themselves, however, cannot be (dis)regarded simply as incomplete remains from live events. The process of documentation is essential in performance art, since the documents can help artists to acquire a different perspective on their own work. Similarly, through such documents audiences can remember and visualize the performances they witnessed in person or, if they were not present, have an opportunity to explore the works that would otherwise remain unnoticed. The paper will analyse the role of documents in performance art through focusing on the work of four artists: Andris Grīnbergs, Maija Tabaka, Imants Lancmanis, and Miervaldis Polis. These artists have not only pursued performance art each in their own écriture, they can also be credited with making their own contribution to the historiography and genealogy of performance art in Latvia. Due to the documents – paintings and photographs – this legacy can be appreciated by contemporary audiences.
PERANAN ASAS HUKUM DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN PENGELOLAAN POTENSI KEKAYAAN MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI DI PROVINSI MALUKU
Authors: Manery Nugrah Gables
Published: November 2022

Minyak dan Gas Bumi merupakan suatu jenis sumber daya energi sebagai bahan galian vital dan strategis. Kondisi tatanan tektonik dan geologi Provinsi Maluku memiliki prospek untuk dilakukan eksplorasi dan pengembangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi, baik di wilayah darat maupun di wilayah laut. Kekayaan Minyak dan Gas di Maluku diharapkan dapat membawa Maluku maju dan jaya kembali dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran masyarakat di Provinsi Maluku. Tulisan ini membahas tentang pentingnya pengelolaan industri Minyak dan Gas Bumi yang merupakan komoditas yang berharga dalam pembangunan ekonomi daerah ditinjau dari beberapa asas hukum, asas hukum merupakan salah satu instrumen atau sarana terpenting yang dapat digunakan dalam landasan pengelolaan kekayaan Minyak dan Gas Bumi. Optimalisasi potensi pengelolaan bertujuan agar Kekayaan Minyak dan Gas Bumi di Provinsi Maluku dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, menciptakan lapangan kerja dan meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat maluku.

Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yaitu meneliti norma hukum dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual.
Examining the Factors Influencing the Loan Performance at BMT An-Najjah Pekalongan, Indonesia
Authors: Ariyanti Rizka , Sari Fangela Myas , Setiawati Ira , Permatasari Devi
Published: November 2022

Today, most companies have been evaluated on the basis of their financial performance. The return on capital employed (ROCE) assesses a company's profitability and capital efficiency. Besides that, the overall financial performance is associated with non-economic components. Correction of weaknesses in overall economic performance can be measured by a balanced scorecard, which consists of growth, economic, patron, and inner commercial enterprise processes. Thus, this study investigates the factors influencing loan performance at BMT An-Najjah Pekalongan, Indonesia. A survey questionnaire was used to collect the data by delivering directly to BMT An-Najjah Pekalongan Regency branches. A total of 65 permanent employees at the BMT AN-NAJJAH participated in this study and analysed using multiple linear regression. The result indicated that the performance measurement system, management control system, organisational learning, and employee attitude significantly and positively affect loan performance at BMT An-Najjah in Pekalongan, Indonesia. In conclusion, this study has identified that the studied variables significantly influence loan performance.
RENDIMIENTO DE BANANO DÁTIL EN SISTEMA DE CALLEJONES DE Inga spp., A DIFERENTES DOSIS DE FERTILIZANTES DE POTASIO Y FOSFORO
Authors: Reyes Osornio Maribel , Guzman-Moreno Marco A. , Catari-Yujra Gusman , Hernandez-Hernandez Hipolito , Gutierrez-Hernandez J. Orbelin
Published: November 2022

Background: the agronomic yield of crops of importance for rural households in the humid tropics, such as banana, cultivated in association with leguminous trees, such as Inga spp., must be studied because of the little available information on that association, especially with regards to yield response to the application of P and K under agroforestry systems, and the interaction between organic (leguminous residues) and inorganic sources of nutrients. Objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate the yield of lady finger banana alley cropped with Inga spp., under several levels of natural fertilizers such as K2SO4 + Mg, and phosphoric rock (RF). Methodology: Yield response of lady finger banana (Musa acuminata Colla) under an alley cropping system with guama (Inga spp.). Prior to the establishment of the crop, dolomitic lime (Ca3(PO4)2CaF2) at a rate of 2 ton ha-1 was applied. In addition, phosphoric rock (RF) was added to the crop at diverse levels (0, 20, 40, 80 kg ha-1), and potassium sulphate and magnesium (K2SO4 + Mg) at three levels (0, 45, 90 kg ha-1) with five replicates in a total of 35 alleys for treatments. Inga spp. trees provided with nitrogen (N). Two crop cycles were evaluated, cycle 1 (2015) and cycle 2 (2017). Results: the highest average weight per bunch were obtained with 80 FP and 0 RF in the first cycle, and with 90 K and 45 K in the second cycle, which were significantly higher than other levels. The highest yield on yearly basis was 45 K among the treatments during the first cycle, and the highest yields during the second cycle were obtained with 45 y 90 K2SO4 + Mg. Implications: There are no prior studies for lady finger banana crop associated with Inga spp. trees under alley cropping, this reflects that the study is an original contribution to nutrient-response studies under agroforestry system with Inga. Conclusion: the highest yields were obtained with 90 and 45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate and magnesium. The application of dolomitic lime promoted P and K availability for the crop, and better use of applied K2SO4 + Mg and of RF in the treatments.
TIPOLOGÍA DE UNIDADES DE PRODUCCIÓN DE GUAJOLOTE CRIOLLO (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO L.) DE TRASPATIO EN TEMASCALTEPEC, ESTADO DE MÉXICO, MÉXICO
Authors: Cruz-Lujan Leslie Arbeli , Albarran-Portillo Benito , Jasso-Arriaga Xochitl , Garcia-Martinez Anastacio
Published: November 2022

Background. Despite the fact that it is an indigenous species and of great cultural significance for rural areas of Mexico, breeding and production of turkey is an economic activity that has currently lost importance and is at risk of disappearing, due to structure and management, flock health and social factors Objective. Typifying production units (PU) of native backyard turkey in the Municipality of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico. Methodology. The information was obtained through a structured survey to holders of 20 PU of backyard turkey. PU were typified using multivariate statistics; a principal component analysis (PCA), to standardize information and with the regressions of the original variables on the new factors obtained, a cluster analysis (CA) to classify PU based on intrinsic characteristics that defined them and extrinsic characteristics that differentiated them. Results. The PU are characterized by the presence of small families, small flocks managed by women over 59 years old, who speak nahuatl native language and have primary education. The PU began by buying birds, they have a traditional backyard management, whose food base is corn and kitchen waste. Production is low and is used for self-consumption through the preparation of traditional dishes such as mole. To a lesser extent, both turkey and meat are sold in local markets to improve family income. The continuity of the activity is compromised, in small PU mainly, due to low interest and generational change. Implications. The work made it possible to identify the PU trends and the factors that favor production, as well as those factors that compromise the continuity of the family activity. Conclusion. There is a diversity of backyard turkey PU, the flocks are small managed by women, the diet is based on grains and kitchen waste, the products obtained are for self-consumption from traditional dishes and their continuity depends on the experience in the activity and the family size.
REVISIÓN SISTEMATIZADA DEL MÉTODO COSTO DE VIAJE: UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA VALORACIÓN ECONÓMICA DE ÁREAS NATURALES PROTEGIDAS
Authors: Cañez-Cota León Alejandro , Borbón-Morales Carlos Gabriel , Laborin-Alvarez Jesus Francisco , Gonzalez-Ocampo Hector Abelardo , Rueda-Puente Edgar Omar
Published: November 2022

Background: In protected natural areas (PNA), as units for the management and conservation of natural ecosystems, the challenge of economically valuing their environmental services sometimes makes it difficult to improve the design of their conservation plans and prevents a correct estimation of economic and social impacts on the well-being of present and future generations. Therefore, indirect estimation methods of the recreational value are used. Objective: Systematically analyze the advances in the estimation of the recreational value of the PNA, through the travel cost method (TCM). Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out, based on SALSA (Search, AppraisaL, Synthesis, Analysis) and the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), in the following databases: Scopus, Science Direct, JSTOR, Springer Link, Dialnet, Google Scholar. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for studies carried out in PNA at a national and international level, in the period from 2010 to 2020. Main findings. Regarding the different approaches of the travel cost method, the individual approach provides more realistic estimates and has greater statistical support than the zonal approach; since it obtains the data directly from tourists through surveys, which allows estimating the real expenses they made during their trip. Implications: Derived from the complexity of estimating the value of an intangible, such as these areas of environmental services. The economic valuation exercise results in the estimation of the price of the service from the consumer's demand and not from its offer. In this sense, the TCM seeks to estimate the use value of the PNA, and not their market value as such. Hence, such assessment is a support tool for the managers of these sites, in order to: estimate adequate access fees; evaluate investments in the valued area; as well as expose specific approaches and techniques for data processing. Conclusions: The variables that influence the recreational value are: age, income level, distance traveled from the tourist's place of residence to the PNA, transportation costs, lodging, food costs, visits to other sites, perception of environmental quality, and willingness to pay (WTP) for the service. It is recommended to delve into intangible valuation techniques, so that society becomes aware of the benefit that PNA represent for a nation, and in this way public and private investments in this area are promoted; since in addition to improving the protection of biodiversity, it contributes to regional development.