bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhomogeneous light shifts of coherent population trapping resonances
Authors: Pollock J. W. , Yudin V. I. , Taichenachev A. V. , Basalaev M. Yu. , Kovalenko D. V. , Hansen A. , Kitching J. , McGehee W. R.
Published: April 2022

Coherent population trapping (CPT) in atomic vapors using all-optical interrogation has enabled the miniaturization of microwave atomic clocks. Light shifts induced by the CPT driving fields can impact the spectral profile of CPT resonances and are a common limit to the long-term stability of CPT clocks. Nonlinear light shifts have been observed in several CPT systems and have not been explored in detail. In this Letter, we demonstrate that nonlinear light shifts in CPT clocks can arise from spatially inhomogeneous CPT driving fields. We measure this effect using Gaussian laser beams in a buffer gas cell and show strong agreement with a four-level model describing the CPT Λ-system with a noninteracting “trap” state. We estimate the effect of this nonlinearity on recently developed light shift mitigation techniques and suggest improvements to existing techniques.
The He–H3+ complex. II. Infrared predissociation spectrum and energy term diagram
Authors: Salomon Thomas , Brackertz Stefan , Asvany Oskar , Savić Igor , Gerlich Dieter , Harding Michael E. , Lipparini Filippo , Gauss Jürgen , van der Avoird Ad , Schlemmer Stephan
Published: April 2022

The rotationally resolved infrared (IR) spectrum of the He–H3+ complex has been measured in a cryogenic ion trap experiment at a nominal temperature of 4 K. Predissociation of the stored complex has been invoked by excitation of the degenerate ν2 mode of the H3+ sub-unit using a pulsed optical parametric oscillator system. An assignment of the experimental spectrum became possible through one-to-one correlations with bands of the spectrum theoretically predicted in Paper I [Harding et al., J. Chem. Phys. 156, 144307 (2022)]. 19 bands have been assigned and analyzed, and the energy term diagram of the lower states of this floppy molecular complex has been derived from combination differences (CDs) in the experimental spectrum. Ground state combination differences (GSCDs) reveal a large part of the energy term diagram for the He–H3+ complex in its vibrational ground state, v = 0. Experimental and theoretical term energies agree within experimental accuracy for the rotational fine structure associated with the total angular momentum quantum number J and the parity e/f as well as for the coarse spacing of the lowest K states of the complex. This favorable comparison shows that the potential energy surface (PES) calculated in Paper I is accurate. The barriers between the three equivalent global minima in this PES are relatively low and the He–H3+ complex is extremely floppy, with nearly unhindered internal rotation of the H3+ sub-unit. The resulting Coriolis interactions couple the internal and end-over-end rotation of the complex and contribute significantly to the energy terms. They are observed both in experiment and theory and are, e.g., the origin of different rotational constants for states of e and f parity. Also in this respect, experiment and theory agree very well. Despite the assignment and analysis of many bands of the extremely rich IR spectrum of He–H3+, higher levels of excitation, including the complex stretching mode, need further attention.
Pseudo-potential lattice Boltzmann model for large density and viscosity ratio fluids
Authors: Pereira G. G.
Published: April 2022

The flow of two immiscible fluid components with large density and viscosity ratios is considered. Using the pseudo-potential lattice Boltzmann model with a non-ideal equation of state and a mixture viscosity formulation, we can develop a model that successfully passes a series of benchmark tests, most importantly co-current layered flows, with no discontinuities in the velocity profiles at interfaces. The model is then applied to applications of bubbles rising in denser fluids and shows good quantitative agreement with previous numerical and experimental results. The model is also applied to the flow of two immiscible fluids in a porous medium and shows characteristics that are physically consistent with established experimental observations.
Factors associated with children’s seasonal influenza diagnosis by their guardians: a prospective observational study in Japan
Authors: Maita Hiroki , Kobayashi Tadashi , Akimoto Takashi , Matsuoka Fumihiko , Osawa Hiroshi , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: April 2022

Introduction Children’s influenza diagnosis by their guardians has been reported to be highly accurate, but clinical factors that improve the reliability of a guardian’s diagnosis are unclear. Aim To determine the accuracy of guardians’ influenza diagnosis of their children, investigate clinical factors that improve the diagnostic accuracy, and determine the additional clinical value of the guardian’s diagnosis. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted at a primary care clinic in Japan from December 2017 to April 2019. Pre-examination checklists completed by guardians accompanying children aged <12 years with clinically suspected influenza were analysed. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy at multiple cut-off points and to compare the area under the curve (AUC), using a rapid influenza diagnostic test as the reference standard. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to validate additional contribution of guardians’ diagnosis. Results A total of 112 patient pairs of child (median age, 6 years) and guardian (mother, 81.2%; father, 16.1%; grandmother, 1.8%; other, 0.9%) were included in the analysis. The AUC for guardians’ influenza diagnosis was higher in mothers (0.72), as well as pairs with children with a history of influenza (0.72), guardians who were aware of the influenza epidemic (0.71), and unvaccinated children (0.76), than in other guardians. After multivariate analysis, the AUC increased significantly from 0.79 to 0.85. Discussion Guardians’ influenza diagnosis for their children was highly accurate. We identified factors that improve the accuracy of the guardians’ diagnosis and demonstrated that the guardians’ diagnosis can support physicians’ diagnostic accuracy.
A community-based initiative to improve transgender mental health in Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: McGonigle Lisa , Nicholls Rebecca
Published: April 2022

Background and context The transgender community experiences high levels of mental distress. In the Canterbury region of New Zealand, transgender care was fragmented and there were gaps in service provision. Assessment of problem In 2019, a working group co-designed a model to coordinate and improve health care for the Canterbury transgender community. Their aim was to co-design and implement a comprehensive system for transgender health care that filled any existing gaps. Results A need was identified for support in the community for transgender patients with mild to moderate mental health needs who did not meet the threshold for referral to secondary care. Strategies for improvement Psychological packages of care were put in place in the community for transgender patients with mental health needs. In the first 9 months of the initiative, 85 patients received a package of care. Lessons This community-based model was well received by the community. Data analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in depression and anxiety, but it did show a significant reduction in stress. Some further improvement opportunities existed, including shifting to a peer worker model and changing the evaluation tool.
Identifying engaging bird species and traits with community science observations
Authors: Stoudt Sara , Goldstein Benjamin R. , de Valpine Perry
Published: April 2022

Significance

Conservation outreach has long depended on an intuitive sense of which species are more “charismatic” or engaging, for example, placing focus on certain charismatic megafauna in advertising materials. Online community science databases like eBird and iNaturalist provide records of how people engage with different birds under differing data collection protocols. Comparisons between the two databases reveal biases in bird reporting rates. Larger, more colorful, and rarer birds are preferentially engaged with opportunistically in iNaturalist records compared to more systematic eBird records. These relationships and the species-specific engagement indexes determined from these data can be applied to conservation and outreach efforts to help foster a public relationship with nature and can be used to improve models using these two databases.
MicroRNA networks in FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hoang Dinh Hoa , Zhao Dandan , Branciamore Sergio , Maestrini Davide , Rodriguez Ivan R. , Kuo Ya-Huei , Rockne Russell , Khaled Samer K. , Zhang Bin , Nguyen Le Xuan Truong , Marcucci Guido
Published: April 2022

Significance

We report on a deregulatory activity on microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis by the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication (ITD) in acute myeloid leukemia. FLT3-ITD provides a divergent signal for concurrent and aberrant miR-155 up-regulation and miR-126 down-regulation via a series of miRNA–protein regulatory loops interconnected through SH2-containing inositol phosphatase 1 (SHIP1)/phosphor-protein kinase B (AKT)/Sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 1 (SPRED1) signaling. This divergent input signal eventually converges and amplifies an output signal for leukemic growth.
The Long chain Diol Index: A marine palaeotemperature proxy based on eustigmatophyte lipids that records the warmest seasons
Authors: Rampen Sebastiaan W. , Friedl Thomas , Rybalka Nataliya , Thiel Volker
Published: April 2022

Significance

Organisms adjust their lipid compositions to environmental conditions like temperature. Some adaptations involve changes in ratios between unique lipids, which can still be determined after millions of years. Analyzing such lipid ratios in ancient sediments can be used for climate reconstruction. One example is the Long chain Diol Index (LDI). The lipids, produced by unknown biological sources, occur ubiquitously in marine sediments, and the LDI correlates with temperature. However, LDI records often differ from other temperature reconstructions. We now show that a clade of eustigmatophyte algae produces these lipids, providing information on their evolutionary history. We further demonstrate that the LDI registers temperatures of the warmest months instead of annual mean temperatures, which is valuable information for climate research.
Engineered plant control of associative nitrogen fixation
Authors: Haskett Timothy L. , Paramasivan Ponraj , Mendes Marta D. , Green Patrick , Geddes Barney A. , Knights Hayley E. , Jorrin Beatriz , Ryu Min-Hyung , Brett Paul , Voigt Christopher A. , Oldroyd Giles E. D. , Poole Philip S.
Published: April 2022

Significance

Inoculation of cereals with diazotrophic (N
2
-fixing) bacteria offers a sustainable alternative to the application of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. While natural diazotrophs have evolved multilayered regulatory mechanisms that couple N
2
fixation with assimilation of the product NH
3
and prevent release to plants, genetic modifications can permit excess production and excretion of NH
3
. However, a lack of stringent host-specificity for root colonization by the bacteria would allow growth promotion of target and nontarget plants species alike. Here, we exploit synthetic transkingdom signaling to establish plant host-specific control of the N
2
-fixation catalyst nitrogenase in
Azorhizobium caulinodans
occupying barley roots. This work demonstrates how partner-specific interactions can be established to avoid potential growth promotion of nontarget plants.
Structural insights into sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activation
Authors: Yu Leiye , He Licong , Gan Bing , Ti Rujuan , Xiao Qingjie , Yang Xin , Hu Hongli , Zhu Lizhe , Wang Sheng , Ren Ruobing
Published: April 2022

As a critical sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays an essential role in immune and vascular systems. There are five S1P receptors, designated as S1PR1 to S1PR5, encoded in the human genome, and their activities are governed by endogenous S1P, lipid-like S1P mimics, or nonlipid-like therapeutic molecules. Among S1PRs, S1PR1 stands out due to its nonredundant functions, such as the egress of T and B cells from the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissues, making it a potential therapeutic target. However, the structural basis of S1PR1 activation and regulation by various agonists remains unclear. Here, we report four atomic resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Gi-coupled human S1PR1 complexes: bound to endogenous agonist d18:1 S1P, benchmark lipid-like S1P mimic phosphorylated Fingolimod [(S)-FTY720-P], or nonlipid-like therapeutic molecule CBP-307 in two binding modes. Our results revealed the similarities and differences of activation of S1PR1 through distinct ligands binding to the amphiphilic orthosteric pocket. We also proposed a two-step “shallow to deep” transition process of CBP-307 for S1PR1 activation. Both binding modes of CBP-307 could activate S1PR1, but from shallow to deep transition may trigger the rotation of the N-terminal helix of Gαiand further stabilize the complex by increasing the Gαiinteraction with the cell membrane. We combine with extensive biochemical analysis and molecular dynamic simulations to suggest key steps of S1P binding and receptor activation. The above results decipher the common feature of the S1PR1 agonist recognition and activation mechanism and will firmly promote the development of therapeutics targeting S1PRs.
Tryptophan regulatesDrosophilazinc stores
Authors: Garay Erika , Schuth Nils , Barbanente Alessandra , Tejeda-Guzmán Carlos , Vitone Daniele , Osorio Beatriz , Clark Adam H. , Nachtegaal Maarten , Haumann Michael , Dau Holger , Vela Alberto , Arnesano Fabio , Quintanar Liliana , Missirlis Fanis
Published: April 2022

Significance

Zinc deficiency in the human population, a major public health concern, can also be a consequence of nutritional deficiency in protein uptake. The discovery that tryptophan metabolites 3-hydroxykynurenine and xanthurenic acid are major zinc-binding ligands in insect cells establishes the kynurenine pathway as a regulator of systemic zinc homeostasis. Many biological processes influenced by zinc and the kynurenine pathway, including the regulation of innate and acquired immune responses to viral infections, have not been studied in light of the direct molecular links revealed in this study.
MoSBi: Automated signature mining for molecular stratification and subtyping
Authors: Rose Tim Daniel , Bechtler Thibault , Ciora Octavia-Andreea , Anh Lilian Le Kim , Molnar Florian , Köhler Nikolai , Baumbach Jan , Röttger Richard , Pauling Josch Konstantin
Published: April 2022

Significance

Molecular patient stratification and disease subtyping are ongoing and high-impact problems that rely on the identification of characteristic molecular signatures. Current computational methods show high sensitivity to custom parameterization, which leads to inconsistent performance on different molecular data. Our new method, MoSBi (molecular signature identification using biclustering), 1) enables so far unmatched high performance for stratification and subtyping across datasets of various different biomolecules, 2) provides a scalable solution for visualizing the results and their correspondence to clinical factors, and 3) has immediate practical relevance through its automatic workflow where individual selection, parameterization, screening, and visualization of biclustering algorithms is not required. MoSBi is a major step forward with a high impact for clinical and wet-lab researchers.
Correlation of plastic events with local structure in jammed packings across spatial dimensions
Authors: Ridout Sean A. , Rocks Jason W. , Liu Andrea J.
Published: April 2022

Significance

Mean-field theories, exact in the limit of infinite spatial dimensions, succeed in describing many features of glasses and amorphous solids in low dimensions, leading to considerable effort to understand how behavior evolves with dimension. Until now, all evidence has supported a picture in which “localized physics,” responsible for deviations from mean-field behavior in low dimensions, fades away with rising dimension. Our work shows that rearrangements, in which particles change relative positions leading to fluid-like response, reveal a different picture of dimensional cross-over. We find that rearrangements, which are localized in two- and three-dimensional systems and correlated with local structure, remain just as correlated with local structure up to five dimensions, suggesting that local structure is important even in high dimensions.
A viral mutualist employs posthatch transmission for vertical and horizontal spread among parasitoid wasps
Authors: Coffman Kelsey A. , Hankinson Quinn M. , Burke Gaelen R.
Published: April 2022

Significance

Mutualistic viruses remain a rarity among known animal–microbe symbioses. Yet, several beneficial viruses have been identified within insects called parasitoid wasps. Most of these viral entities are permanent components of wasp genomes. However, a mutualistic poxvirus found within
Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
wasps maintains an independent genome and may therefore behave in ways more similar to cellular microbial symbionts. In this study, we discovered unique properties of viral symbiont transmission, including an evolved dependence on parasitoid wasps for virus spread among fruit fly hosts and a distinct mode of faithful virus transmission among parasitoid wasps. These findings demonstrate that certain symbiont transmission pathways have arisen independently across disparate life forms to play pivotal roles in insect biology and evolution.
The effect of prolonged spaceflight on cerebrospinal fluid and perivascular spaces of astronauts and cosmonauts
Authors: Barisano Giuseppe , Sepehrband Farshid , Collins Heather R. , Jillings Steven , Jeurissen Ben , Taylor James A. , Schoenmaekers Catho , De Laet Chloë , Rukavishnikov Ilya , Nosikova Inna , Litvinova Liudmila , Rumshiskaya Alena , Annen Jitka , Sijbers Jan , Laureys Steven , Van Ombergen Angelique , Petrovichev Victor , Sinitsyn Valentin , Pechenkova Ekaterina , Grishin Alexey , zu Eulenburg Peter , Law Meng , Sunaert Stefan , Parizel Paul M. , Tomilovskaya Elena , Roberts Donna R. , Wuyts Floris L.
Published: April 2022

Long-duration spaceflight induces changes to the brain and cerebrospinal fluid compartments and visual acuity problems known as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). The clinical relevance of these changes and whether they equally affect crews of different space agencies remain unknown. We used MRI to analyze the alterations occurring in the perivascular spaces (PVS) in NASA and European Space Agency astronauts and Roscosmos cosmonauts after a 6-mo spaceflight on the International Space Station (ISS). We found increased volume of basal ganglia PVS and white matter PVS (WM-PVS) after spaceflight, which was more prominent in the NASA crew than the Roscosmos crew. Moreover, both crews demonstrated a similar degree of lateral ventricle enlargement and decreased subarachnoid space at the vertex, which was correlated with WM-PVS enlargement. As all crews experienced the same environment aboard the ISS, the differences in WM-PVS enlargement may have been due to, among other factors, differences in the use of countermeasures and high-resistive exercise regimes, which can influence brain fluid redistribution. Moreover, NASA astronauts who developed SANS had greater pre- and postflight WM-PVS volumes than those unaffected. These results provide evidence for a potential link between WM-PVS fluid and SANS.
Comparing methods for statistical inference with model uncertainty
Authors: Porwal Anupreet , Raftery Adrian E.
Published: April 2022

Probability models are used for many statistical tasks, notably parameter estimation, interval estimation, inference about model parameters, point prediction, and interval prediction. Thus, choosing a statistical model and accounting for uncertainty about this choice are important parts of the scientific process. Here we focus on one such choice, that of variables to include in a linear regression model. Many methods have been proposed, including Bayesian and penalized likelihood methods, and it is unclear which one to use. We compared 21 of the most popular methods by carrying out an extensive set of simulation studies based closely on real datasets that span a range of situations encountered in practical data analysis. Three adaptive Bayesian model averaging (BMA) methods performed best across all statistical tasks. These used adaptive versions of Zellner’s
g
-prior for the parameters, where the prior variance parameter
g
is a function of sample size or is estimated from the data. We found that for BMA methods implemented with Markov chain Monte Carlo, 10,000 iterations were enough. Computationally, we found two of the three best methods (BMA with

g
=

n

and empirical Bayes-local) to be competitive with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), which is often preferred as a variable selection technique because of its computational efficiency. BMA performed better than Bayesian model selection (in which just one model is selected).
Genetic architecture facilitates then constrains adaptation in a host–parasite coevolutionary arms race
Authors: Spottiswoode Claire N. , Tong Wenfei , Jamie Gabriel A. , Stryjewski Katherine F. , DaCosta Jeffrey M. , Kuras Evan R. , Green Ailsa , Hamama Silky , Taylor Ian G. , Moya Collins , Sorenson Michael D.
Published: April 2022

Significance

Validating an almost century-old hypothesis, we show that a critical host-specific adaptation in a brood-parasitic bird, mimicry of host egg coloration, is maternally inherited, allowing mothers to transmit specialized mimicry to their daughters irrespective of the father’s host species. This genetic architecture, however, is a double-edged sword for parasites: the loss of recombination and heterozygosity as sources of evolutionary novelty likely constrains the parasite from mimicking the full range of color polymorphisms that hosts have evolved as an escalated defense against parasitism. This important tradeoff of asexual inheritance may have relevance for understanding coevolution in other host–parasite systems.
A hypothalamic pathway for Augmentor α–controlled body weight regulation
Authors: Ahmed Mansoor , Kaur Navjot , Cheng Qianni , Shanabrough Marya , Tretiakov Evgenii O. , Harkany Tibor , Horvath Tamas L. , Schlessinger Joseph
Published: April 2022

Augmentor α and β (Augα and Augβ) are newly discovered ligands of the receptor tyrosine kinases Alk and Ltk. Augα functions as a dimeric ligand that binds with high affinity and specificity to Alk and Ltk. However, a monomeric Augα fragment and monomeric Augβ also bind to Alk and potently stimulate cellular responses. While previous studies demonstrated that oncogenic Alk mutants function as important drivers of a variety of human cancers, the physiological roles of Augα and Augβ are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the physiological roles of Augα and Augβ by exploring mice deficient in each or both Aug ligands. Analysis of mutant mice showed that both Augα single knockout and double knockout of Augα and Augβ exhibit a similar thinness phenotype and resistance to diet-induced obesity. In the Augα-knockout mice, the leanness phenotype is coupled to increased physical activity. By contrast, Augβ-knockout mice showed similar weight curves as the littermate controls. Experiments are presented demonstrating that Augα is robustly expressed and metabolically regulated in agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, cells that control whole-body energy homeostasis in part via their projections to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Moreover, both Alk and melanocortin receptor-4 are expressed in discrete neuronal populations in the PVN and are regulated by projections containing Augα and AgRP, respectively, demonstrating that two distinct mechanisms that regulate pigmentation operate in the hypothalamus to control body weight. These experiments show that Alk-driven cancers were co-opted from a neuronal pathway in control of body weight, offering therapeutic opportunities for metabolic diseases and cancer.
A high-affinity cocaine binding site associated with the brain acid soluble protein 1
Authors: Harraz Maged M. , Malla Adarsha P. , Semenza Evan R. , Shishikura Maria , Singh Manisha , Hwang Yun , Kang In Guk , Song Young Jun , Snowman Adele M. , Cortés Pedro , Karuppagounder Senthilkumar S. , Dawson Ted M. , Dawson Valina L. , Snyder Solomon H.
Published: April 2022

Significance

Cocaine is a monoamine transport inhibitor. Current models attributing pharmacologic actions of cocaine to inhibiting the activity of the amine transporters alone failed to translate to the clinic. Cocaine inhibition of the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters is relatively weak, suggesting that blockade of the amine transporters alone cannot account for the actions of cocaine, especially at low doses. There is evidence for significantly more potent actions of cocaine, suggesting the existence of a high-affinity receptor(s) for the drug. Identifying and characterizing such receptors will deepen our understanding of cocaine pharmacologic actions and pave the way for therapeutic development. Here we identify a high-affinity cocaine binding site associated with BASP1 that is involved in mediating the drug’s psychotropic actions.
Diamond formation mechanism in chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Jiang Meiyan , Chen Chengke , Wang Ping , Guo Difeng , Han Sijia , Li Xiao , Lu Shaohua , Hu Xiaojun
Published: April 2022

Significance

Artificial diamond plays a vital role in the manufacturing industry, jewelry, and future photoelectronic devices, but it is a key challenge to prepare the required large-area diamonds. A distinctive way to solve this problem possibly hides in the undiscovered formation mechanism of thermodynamically metastable diamond compared to graphite in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. We design a series of short-term growth on the margins of cauliflower-like nanocrystalline diamond particles and find that diamond is formed by the transformation from graphite, not by the piling up of sp
3
carbon. Atomically dispersed Ta atoms let the transition spontaneously occur. This subverts the general knowledge and supplies a way to prepare large-area diamonds based on large-sized graphite under normal pressure.
The interface between instructed L2 pragmatics and TBLT research
Authors: Kim YouJin
Published: April 2022

Over the past two decades, the theoretical backgrounds of instructed second language (L2) pragmatics studies have diversified, and instructional materials have been designed and implemented based on various theories of second language acquisition (SLA). As a result, the field of instructed pragmatics has made significant strides in developing empirically driven, effective instructional methods. Recently, researchers in the fields of task-based language teaching (TBLT) and L2 pragmatics have claimed there are synergistic effects when teaching pragmatics from a TBLT perspective. These researchers argue that both pragmatics instruction and TBLT approaches to language teaching highlight the importance of language use in authentic contexts and achieving communication goals. The focus of the current review article is on task design and implementation in L2 pragmatics research, particularly those studies which were conducted from a TBLT perspective. Pedagogical implications of these studies are discussed, and future directions for task-based approaches to teaching L2 pragmatics for both research and pedagogy are proposed.
The association between recall of historical events and well-being (La asociación del recuerdo de eventos históricos con el bienestar)
Authors: Méndez Lander , Cavalli Stefano , Pizarro José J. , Telletxea Saioa , Castro-Abril Pablo , Padoan Sonia , Páez Darío
Published: April 2022

This study explores the relationship between remembered sociohistorical events and well-being. Its objective is to ascertain the content of historical memory and the way it is associated with this construct. The PHI remembered well-being scale and the CEVI instrument, which asks respondents to describe four relevant historical events during their lifetime, were applied to a convenience sample from the Basque Country ( N = 434, range 20–88 years, M = 48.11, SD = 21.47, 59.2% women). Negative and local events predominated. Positive appraisal of historical events was positively associated with personal, hedonic and social well-being, and negative appraisal was positively associated with lower well-being, confirming the greater importance of positive recall in well-being. A stronger relationship between the recall of historical events, particularly positive ones, and the hedonic and social facets of well-being was observed than with personal well-being.
A longitudinal analysis of social class and adolescent prosocial behaviour: a latent growth model approach (Un análisis longitudinal de clase social y conducta prosocial adolescente: un enfoque de modelo de crecimiento latente)
Authors: Yao Zhuojun , Enright Robert
Published: April 2022

The current research used longitudinal data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development ( N = 1,091) to examine the link between social class and prosocial behaviour from third grade to sixth grade. Latent growth modelling found that adolescents from families with increased income-to-needs ratio tended to experience an increase in prosocial behaviour from third grade to sixth grade; adolescents from families with high income-to-needs ratio in third grade were more likely to be identified as the class of high initial with decrease; adolescents in the profile of high initial with decrease tended to be more prosocial in each grade and came from families with higher levels of income-to-needs ratio, higher parental education and higher parental occupation. Implications and future directions were presented.
3D printing of sponge spicules-inspired flexible bioceramic-based scaffolds
Authors: Yang Zhibo , Xue Jianmin , Li Tian , Zhai Dong , Yu Xiaopeng , Huan Zhiguang , Wu Chengtie
Published: April 2022

Bioceramics are widely used in bone tissue repair and regeneration due to their desirable biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, the brittleness of bioceramics results in difficulty of surgical operation, which greatly limits their clinical applications. The spicules of the marine sponge Euplectella aspergillum (Ea) possess high flexibility and fracture toughness resulting from concentric layered silica glued by a thin organic layer. Inspired by the unique properties of sponge spicules, flexible bioceramic-based scaffolds with spicule-like concentric layered biomimetic microstructures were constructed by combining two-dimensional (2D) bioceramics and 3D printing. 2D bioceramics could be assembled and aligned by modulating the shear force field in the direct ink writing (DIW) of 3D printing. The prepared spicules-inspired flexible bioceramic-based (SFB) scaffolds differentiated themselves from traditional 3D-printed irregular particles-based bioceramic-based scaffolds as they could be adaptably compressed, cut, folded, rolled and twisted without the occurrence of fracture, significantly breaking through the bottleneck of inherent brittleness of traditional bioceramic scaffolds. In addition, SFB scaffolds showed significantly enhanced in vitro and in vivo bone-forming bioactivity as compared to conventional β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds, suggesting that SFB scaffolds combined both of excellent mechanical and bioactive characteristics, which is believed to greatly promote the bioceramic science and their clinical applications.
Microstructure evolution and electrochemical corrosion behavior of Al–Zn–Mg aluminum alloy
Authors: Dun-Bo Teng , Hong Zhang , Cui-Hong Han , Yu-Rong Xu , Zhen Liu , Ri-Qiang Zhang , Xiao Chen
Published: April 2022

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of Sn-containing Al–Zn–Mg aluminum alloy has been studied in detail. The localized corrosion behaviors were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, and the potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The grain structure, grain-boundary microstructure, grain-boundary microchemistry, pitting and intergranular corrosion morphology were characterized and observed using SEM, EDS, TEM, SAED and HRTEM analyses. Based on these tests, the effects of grain-boundary on the corrosion resistance in our Sn-containing Al–Zn–Mg alloys before/after bake hardening were analyzed systematically. Finally, the relationship between chemical composition, microstructure evolution and corrosion behaviour was revealed. The results indicate that the bake hardening process improves the corrosion resistance compared to the pre-aging state. The grain size has little effect on the electrochemical corrosion bahavior.
Evaluation of a method to measure fluorescent cell burden in complex culture systems
Authors: Holden R , Park J , Price A , Floyd S , Oldham M
Published: April 2022

Purpose. This work introduces and evaluates a method for accurate in-vitro measurement of fluorescent cell burden in complex 3D-culture conditions. Methods. The Fluorescent Cell Burden (FCB) method was developed to analyze the burden of 4T1 mCherry-expressing cells grown in an organotypic co-culture model of brain metastasis using 400 μm rat brain slices. As a first step, representative simulated image-data accurately reflecting the 4T1 experimental data, but with known ground truth burden, were created. The FCB method was then developed in the CellProfiler software to measure the integrated intensity and area of the colonies in the simulated image data. Parameters in the pipeline were varied to span the experimentally observed range (e.g. of cell colony size) and the result compared with simulation ground truth to evaluate and optimize FCB performance. The optimized CellProfiler pipeline was then applied to the original 4T1 tumor cell images to determine colony growth with time, and re-applied with upper and lower bound parameters to determine uncertainty estimates. Results. The FCB method measured integrated intensity across 10 simulated images with an accuracy of 99.23% ± 0.75%. When colony density was increased by increasing colony number to 450, 600, and 750, the FCB measurement was 98.68%, 100.9%, 97.6% and 113.5% of the true value respectively. For the increasing number of cells plated on the rat brain slices, the integrated intensity increased nearly linearly with cell count except for at high cell counts, where it is hypothesized that shadowing from clumped cells causes a sub-linear relationship. Conclusion. The FCB method accurately measured an integrated fluorescent light intensity to within 5% of ground truth for a wide range of simulated image data spanning the range of observed variability in experimental data. The method is readily customizable to in-vitro studies requiring estimation of fluorescent tumor cell burden.
The integration of electronic circuits in plastics using injection technologies: a literature review
Authors: Bakr Mona , Bossuyt Frederick , Vanfleteren Jan
Published: April 2022

A great deal of attention has been paid in recent years to the integration of two and three-dimensional integrated electronic parts into plastics, both for their potential applications in modern human lives and for their outstanding properties, which include the ability to reduce product weight and space while increasing product reliability. The development of integrated electronic devices into plastics is advancing rapidly, owing to advancements in methodology and manufacturing techniques, which have significantly raised researcher interest in this topic. In-mold electronics (IME) is a term that describes an injection molding technology that integrates a printed foil with electrical components into a plastic part during the molding process. It is a revolutionary way to form two and three-dimensional products using electronic printed circuits. IME technology is comprised of three fundamental disciplines of study: electronics, materials science, and plastic manufacturing processes. Therefore, this review article aims to summarize the knowledge of these three primary fields to present an overview of in-mold technology. This article covers background history, a description of the In-mold process flow, and summarizes the recent real-life applications. Additionally, this article discusses some of the present technology challenges that must be overcome.
Fabrication of surface ion traps with integrated current carrying wires enabling high magnetic field gradients
Authors: Siegele-Brown Martin , Hong Seokjun , Lebrun-Gallagher Foni Raphaël , Hile Samuel James , Weidt Sebastian , Hensinger Winfried Karl
Published: April 2022

A major challenge for quantum computers is the scalable simultaneous execution of quantum gates. One approach to address this in trapped ion quantum computers is the implementation of quantum gates based on static magnetic field gradients and global microwave fields. In this paper, we present the fabrication of surface ion traps with integrated copper current carrying wires embedded inside the substrate below the ion trap electrodes, capable of generating high magnetic field gradients. The copper layer’s measured sheet resistance of 1.12 mΩ/sq at room temperature is sufficiently low to incorporate complex designs, without excessive power dissipation at high currents causing a thermal runaway. At a temperature of 40 K the sheet resistance drops to 20.9 μΩ/sq giving a lower limit for the residual resistance ratio of 100. Continuous currents of 13 A can be applied, resulting in a simulated magnetic field gradient of 144 T m−1 at the ion position, which is 125 μm from the trap surface for the particular anti-parallel wire pair in our design.
Time domain boundary integral equations and convolution quadrature for scattering by composite media
Authors: Rieder Alexander , Sayas Francisco–Javier , Melenk Jens
Published: April 2022

We consider acoustic scattering in heterogeneous media with piecewise constant wave number. The discretization is carried out using a Galerkin boundary element method in space and Runge-Kutta convolution quadrature in time. We prove well-posedness of the scheme and providea prioriestimates for the convergence in space and time.
AF 𝐶*-algebras from non-AF groupoids
Authors: Mitscher Ian , Spielberg Jack
Published: April 2022

We construct ample groupoids from certain categories of paths, and prove that their

C
∗

C^*

-algebras coincide with the continued fraction approximately finite dimensional (AF) algebras of Effros and Shen. The proof relies on recent classification results for simple nuclear

C
∗

C^*

-algebras. The groupoids are not principal. This provides examples of Cartan subalgebras in the continued fraction AF algebras that are isomorphic, but not conjugate, to the standard diagonal subalgebras.
M-regularity of ℚ-twisted sheaves and its application to linear systems on abelian varieties
Authors: Ito Atsushi
Published: April 2022

G. Pareschi and M. Popa [J. Amer.Math. Soc. 16 (2003), pp. 285–302] give criterions for global generation and surjectivity of multiplication maps of global sections of coherent sheaves on abelian varieties in the theory of M-regularity. In this paper, we refine some of their criterions via the M-regularity of

Q

\mathbb {Q}

-twisted sheaves introduced by Z. Jiang and G. Pareschi [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 53 (2020), pp. 815–846]. As an application, we show that the M-regularity of a suitable

Q

\mathbb {Q}

-twisted sheaf implies property

(

N
p

)

(N_p)

and jet-ampleness for ample line bundles on abelian varieties.
The Effect of Preoperative Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy Use on Perioperative Adverse Events in Transmasculine Individuals Undergoing Masculinizing Chest Surgery for Gender Affirmation
Authors: Wu Shannon S , Raymer Charles A , Kaufman Bram R , Isakov Raymond , Ferrando Cecile A
Published: April 2022

Background

Many providers require cessation of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) for transgender patients prior to undergoing masculinizing chest surgery (MCS) due to concerns about increased adverse events in the presence of exogenous hormones. Evidence has suggested that continuation of GAHT for certain patients may be safe for gender-affirming procedures.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare adverse event rates for GAHT cessation vs GAHT continuation in patients undergoing MCS.

Methods

This multicenter, retrospective study included patients at the Cleveland Clinic and MetroHealth System who underwent MCS between 2016 and 2020.

Results

There were 236 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 172 (72.9%) discontinued testosterone GAHT prior to surgery and 64 (27.1%) continued the therapy. Mean [standard deviation] age at surgery was 25 [8] years, and mean BMI was 29.5 [6.6] kg/m.2 The median duration of testosterone therapy was 18 months (range, 0-300 months). There was no significant difference in tobacco use (P = 0.73), diabetes (P = 0.54), thrombophilia (P = 0.97), or history of thromboembolism (P = 0.39). Most patients underwent the double-incision free nipple graft technique (77.9%). There was no significant difference in surgical time (P = 0.12), intraoperative complications (P = 0.54), or postoperative complications (P = 0.34). The most common complication was postoperative bleeding/hematoma (7.2%). Other complications included seroma (2.1%), infection (1.3%), and nipple graft failure (0.4%). There were no thromboembolic complications.

Conclusions

There is no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative adverse events for patients who continue GAHT preoperatively vs patients who stop GAHT prior to MCS.

Level of Evidence: 4
Techno–economic–environmental comparison of floating photovoltaic plant with conventional solar photovoltaic plant in northern Iran
Authors: Semeskandeh Sina , Hojjat Mehrdad , Hosseini Abardeh Mohamad
Published: April 2022

Photovoltaic (PV) systems can be used to generate electricity due to the potential for solar energy in Iran. Applying floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems is a new approach to utilizing PV systems in water. Most of Iran’s energy consumption is supplied from fossil fuels, especially oil and gas. In recent years, Iran has faced environmental problems and air pollution. Electricity generation using fossil fuels has led to increased environmental pollution. Accordingly, PV systems can be used to generate electricity due to the potential for solar energy in Iran. The interest in predicting the energy production of PV power plants has increased in recent years. In this regard, the techno–economic–environmental study of constructing PV power plants is a basic process to encourage people to use solar energy. A techno–economic–environmental feasibility study has been performed to construct a 5-kW FPV and ground PV (GPV) power plant in a northern city of Iran. Also, the FPV system is compared with the ground PV system using MATLAB® Simulink and RETScreen® software. In this study, the effects of wind and water temperature have been considered. Also, a sensitivity analysis was performed due to the uncertainty in climatic conditions and the amount of PV energy generation. The simulation results show that due to the cooling effect for panels in the FPV system, the production capacity and panels’ efficiency are respectively 19.47% and 27.98% higher than the those of the GPV system. In addition, the FPV system was found to have a 16.96% increase in the annual performance ratio. Overall, using the FPV system reduces the equity payback to 6.3 years (a 22.2% reduction compared to the GPV power plant).
A novel perspective suggesting high sustained energy expenditure may be net protective against cancer
Authors: Biro Peter A , Thomas Frédéric , Ujvari Beata , Beckmann Christa
Published: April 2022

Energy expenditure (EE) is generally viewed as tumorigenic, due to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cells and DNA. On this basis, individuals within a species that sustain high EE should be more likely to develop cancer. Here, we argue the opposite, that high EE may be net protective effect against cancer, despite high ROS production. This is possible because individuals that sustain high EE have a greater energetic capacity (=greater energy acquisition, expenditure and ability to up-regulate output), and can therefore allocate energy to multiple cancer-fighting mechanisms with minimal energetic trade-offs. Our review finds that individuals sustaining high EE have greater antioxidant production, lower oxidative stress, greater immune function and lower cancer incidence. Our hypothesis and literature review suggest that EE may indeed be net protective against cancer, and that individual variation in energetic capacity may be a key mechanism to understand the highly individual nature of cancer risk in contemporary human populations and laboratory animals.

Lay summary The process of expending energy generates reactive oxygen species that can lead to oxidative stress, cell and DNA damage, and the accumulation of this damage is thought to be a major contributor to many ageing related diseases that include cancer. Here, we challenge this view, proposing how and why high energy expenditure (EE) may actually be net protective against cancer, and provide literature support for our hypothesis. We find individuals with high sustained EE have greater energetic capacity and thus can invest more in repair to counter oxidative stress, and more in immune function, both of which reduce cancer risk. Our hypothesis provides a novel mechanism to understand the highly individual nature of cancer, why taller individuals are more at risk, why physically active individuals have lower cancer risk, and why regular exercise can reduce cancer risk.