bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Mustahik Melalui Zakat Produktif (Studi Kasus Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kota Banjar)
Authors: Siti Hanipah Heni , Abdul Haris Iir
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui program pemberdayaan ekonomi mustahik di BAZNAS Kota Banjar dengan mengoptimalkan dana ZIS yang terkumpul. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif atau menggunakan metode survei lapangan (filed research) yang bertujuan untuk mencari jawaban atas permasalahan yang diteliti. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa observasi, dokumentasi serta wawancara kepada Staf BAZNAS Kota Banjar dan mustahik yang mendapatkan dana zakat produktif, serta data sekunder yang didapatkan dalam bentuk buku atau melalui referensi-referensi serta catatan yang relevan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa dengan adanya program pemberdayaan zakat produktif yang disalurkan kepada mustahik, dapat mempermudah dan meringankan beban para mustahik yang kekurangan modal atau alat-alat dan bahan untuk keberlangsungan produksinya. Sehingga dana yang disalurkan kepada mustahik mampu meminimalisir kemiskinan dan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan sehingga para mustahik dapat berganti status menjadi muzakki.
Generation Z studentsʼ motivation to pay taxes
Authors: Florek Dominika
Published: July 2021

Methodology/approach: In a quantitative empirical study, a questionnaire containing a set of 31 questions was used. The analysis of the results was conducted using descriptive statistics. Results: The results indicate that Generation Z's motivation to pay taxes is influenced by factors that come from four platforms of tax compliance. Research limitations/implications: The basic limitation concerns the fact that the study was conducted as a pilot. Therefore, it illustrates and examines a certain fragment of reality, but does not allow us to make inferences about the population. However, it is the basis for further research in this area and shows what direction it will take. Originality/Value: The article evaluates and analyzes factors from the four platforms of tax compliance that have an impact on the tax payment motivation of future taxpayers in Poland. There is a simultaneous examination of several variables derived from each plane of the taxpayer environment.
New challenges of the IFAC International Code of Ethics. The case of the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Malchev Bojan , Bozhinovska-Lazarevska Zorica
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The main purpose of the paper is to provide empirical evidence on certified auditors’ perceptions in the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM) about the new IFAC International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Methodology/approach: A survey was conducted by distributing a questionnaire to the certified auditors in RNM, and the answers were then analyzed. Findings: The results indicate that the observance of the Code of Ethics affects the quality of audit engagements in domestic practice. The majority of practitioners believe that the fundamental principles are sufficiently clearly elaborated and can provide an appropriate basis for ethical conduct. The principle of objectivity is most exposed to threats, while the most common threat is familiarity. Safeguards created by the profession, the law, and regulations are more effective in addressing threats. Finally, practitioners agree that the innovations brought by the new Code of Ethics represent a significant benefit to the auditors’ mission to preserve and strengthen their independence. Research implications/limitations: The research provides empirical evidence of ethical behavior in domestic audit practice, but no similar research has been done before to make a comparative analysis. Originality/value: This research is the first of this type in RNM and fills the research gap in the field of ethical behavior in the domestic audit practice.
Editor’s Corner
Authors: Sare Laura
Published: July 2021

Last year I published an editorial about voting during the pandemic, contrasting states trying to make voting more accessible, with states that were fighting efforts to enable ways citizens could vote safely. Unfortunately greater voting access is under more attack now. The Brennan Center for Justice noted as of March 24th, “361 bills with restrictive provisions in 47 states. That’s 108 more than the 253 restrictive bills tallied as of February 19, 2021—a 43 percent increase in little more than a month.” This is very disappointing, and once again my home state of Texas is restricting access, trying to ban methods of voting that local officials allowed during the pandemic in last year’s general election. The Texas Senate recently passed Senate Bill 7, which would limit extended early voting hours, prohibit drive-thru voting, and make it illegal for local election officials to proactively send applications to vote by mail. Here’s hoping the Texas House will stand up to the Texas Senate and not restrict the ways citizens of Texas can vote. I think it also demonstrates that the U.S. Supreme Court was premature in its 2013 Shelby County v. Holder ruling removing the requirement that states with a history of racial discrimination in voting get pre-clearance from the Justice Department before making changes in voting procedures. With so many states trying to restrict voting, and limit the powers of election officials, the U.S House has passed H.R. 1, For the People Act of 2021, in early March. This bill addresses voter access, election integrity and security, and more. Hopefully this will pass the U.S. Senate and allow the citizens of the United States the right to vote without undue burdens.
ALA Midwinter GODORT Committee Highlights
Authors: Round Table Government Documents
Published: July 2021

Education Committee Meeting SummaryLegislation Committee Meeting SummaryCataloging Committee Meeting Summary
From the Bench
Authors: Stroshane Eric
Published: July 2021

Supreme CourtFree SpeechNet NeutralityLibraries
Is It Legal?
Authors: Stroshane Eric
Published: July 2021

Colleges and UniversitiesDiscriminationFirst Amendment
Targets of the Censor
Authors: Diaz Eleanor
Published: July 2021

BooksPerformancesPrograms
Enhancing Pre-Service EFL Teachers’ Teaching Skill through Teacher Training: A Case Study of a University in Thailand
Authors: Damnet Anamai
Published: July 2021

EFL teacher training for pre-service teachers plays a vital role in second language teacher education (SLTE). In Thailand, pre-service EFL teacher training benefits in helping student-teachers gain confidence before going to their practicum. This study investigates the effects of the pre-service EFL teacher training in a university in Thailand. The pre-service teachers’ perceptions towards the EFL training were also examined. Participants were 30 pre-service teachers currently studying in English Learning Management Program in the university at the research site. Research method applied training program evaluation (Owen & Rogers, 1999), and a 24-hour EFL training program was implemented. An experienced trainer in EFL was invited to provide the EFL training during the whole training course. Data collection gained was from: 1) an evaluation form, 2) a questionnaire, and 3) a student reflection sheet. Data analysis employed percentage, means, and S.D. for quantitative whereas grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1999) was applied for qualitative data. Three major findings revealed that: 1) the effects of the pre-service EFL teacher training was very high; 2) the participants showed changes in all areas of EFL knowledge and experience provided after the training; and 3) the participants viewed five factors which included training contents, knowledge and experience, training activities, training process, and the trainer that affected the training. However, the findings indicated that the critical problem of the study was time limitation of the training course. This study has shed light on the significant role of EFL training for pre-service EFL teachers before their practicum as the findings showed positive change in their motivation and attitude for their teaching practice.
Pragmatic Functions of Questions in Chimamanda Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun
Authors: Adebayo Omotunde Samuel , Alaba Akinwotu Samuel , Morayo Dada Esther
Published: July 2021

Questioning is an instructional process that is not only central to verbal interaction in the classroom but also essential to negotiation of meaning in discourse. Existing studies dealing with functions of questions have only identified few functions which questions perform in discourse probably because the scholars who worked on them have not explored varied situations and contexts which necessitate asking questions whose functions are totally different from the ones already identified in the literature. Hence, the current research investigates the pragmatic functions of questions in Chimamanda Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun. The major advantage of using this source of data is that, it, unlike previous studies which investigate data from premeditated sources, this source provides rich and varied naturally-occurring contexts for asking different questions which perform different functions. The study is driven by insight from the concept of pragmatic competence. On the whole, the research identified nine novel pragmatic functions of questions which have not been documented in the literature. These include questions to indicate annoyance, questions to foster interpersonal relationship, questions to persuade somebody to do something, questions for showing disapproval and so on. These findings implicate that in a bid to build on a learner’s competence in a particular language, such a learner should be introduced to the importance of contexts in determining the function which a particular question is meant to perform in any communicative encounter.
Systematic Review of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Central Africa
Authors: Israël Demba Kodindo , Coulibaly Cheick Amadou , Beier John C. , Muller Gunter C. , Doumbia Seydou
Published: July 2021

In underdeveloped countries, infectious diseases remain one of the most important public health challenges. Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as Kala-azar, is a lethal vector-borne parasitic disease with an increasing number of cases. However, it remains one of the most neglected diseases in the world. It is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and is endemic in 75 countries. Around 95% of the patients live in seven countries: Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, and causes about 20,000-40,000 deaths per year of which 50-70% are children. In Central Africa, this pathology is little known and less documented, making it difficult to access information. We have performed this study to characterize the knowledge on the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Central Africa. We reviewed the literature on visceral leishmaniasis in Central Africa on the number of reported cases, identified parasites, reservoirs and vectors. The documents consulted came from WHO reports, publications of scientific journals, reports of research institutions and abstracts of scientific conferences consulted online on Pubmed and Google Scholar. The information covers the period from the first reporting of cases in each country until December 2020. The review of the situation of visceral leishmaniasis revealed that it is not a significant public health problem in Central Africa. However, a lot of work remains to be done especially surveillance and research in order to present the exact situation of the disease in this part of the continent. This work would include the underreporting of cases inherent to the weaknesses of the surveillance system in these countries, the clarification of the transmission dynamics of human visceral leishmaniasis, canine leishmaniasis, the identity of parasites and vectors.
Television and Social Media Convergence (Convergence Continum and Journalistic Convergence Analysis at Indosiar)
Authors: Yoedtadi Moehammad Gafar , Ronda Andi Mirza , Wahid Umaimah
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the convergence process between social media and television in Indonesian television broadcasting companies, by taking a case study at a television broadcasting company called Indosiar. Convergence is carried out as a result of the large number of social media users in Indonesia. The number of internet users in Indonesia is 175.4 million people or 64% of the total population of Indonesia. Meanwhile, the number of social media users reaches 160 million people or 59% of Indonesia's total population. Many television broadcasting companies are converging with social media, one of them is Indosiar. The research using the observation method was carried out mid to late 2019. The research was stopped due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The research continued with in-depth interviews in early 2021. To find out the form of convergence that occurs in Indosiar, this study uses the concept of Pavlik (2001) regarding journalistic convergence: newsroom, newsgathering and content. Meanwhile, to determine the degree of convergence, this study uses the convergence continuum from Dailey, Demo and Spillman (2005). This research uses qualitative case study methods and data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with eight senior journalists and managers managing convergence, field observations and documentation. The results of the study conclude that the newsroom convergence that occurs in Indosiar is a type of Co-ordination of isolated platforms as formulated by Aviles et al (2009). The newsgathering convergence model at Indosiar is partial because it only occurs on special projects and does not become a daily work routine (Khadzig, 2016). The content convergence model that occurs in Indosiar is not yet capable of multiplatform (Tomic, 2015). Meanwhile, based on the convergence continuum, Indosiar has carried out the cross-promotion and cloning stages well, but has not fully carried out the coopetition and content sharing stages, and has not done full convergence at all.
Effects of Groundnut Shell Incorporation Rates on the Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Danbima I. R. , Tekwa I. J. , Gani A. T.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of groundnut shell incorporation rates on the growth and yield of maize.

Research methods: The study was carried out at the students’ demonstration farm of the Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, in 2018. Seeds were sown on a prepared land treated with four (4) doses of groundnut shells (0, 25, 50 and 75 tons/ha) arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated 4 times. Each plot was marked out at 2.0 m length × 2.0 m width with 0.5 m gap between the replicated plots and blocks. Maize growth parameters were determined at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing and maize yield parameters were determined at 10 and 12 weeks after sowing (WAS).

Findings: The groundnut shell application rates increased maize growth parameters such as, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leave area index, and stem girth, number of cobs per plant and cobs weight. The results revealed that plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index and stem girth were significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced by the treatments, except for the control treatment at 2- WAS. The higher application rates (50 and 75 t/ha) of groundnut shell significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced the plant growth components better than the 25 and 0 t/ha treatment rates.

Research limitations: There were no limitations to report.

Originality/Value: The results suggests that groundnut shell incorporation rate at 50 t/ha could be recommended as the most appropriate and profitable for high performance of maize plants in Mubi. The results generally suggest that maize plants may tolerate even higher rates of groundnut shell incorporation beyond the rates used in the study.
Short Term Effects of Performance-Based Financing on Maternal and Child Health Services in the MIFI Health District
Authors: Alain Djam Chefor , Tabah Earnest Njih , Epie Bekolo Calvin , Leslie Lenwo Njonwo , Bate Augustine Eyong
Published: July 2021

Background: Improving maternal, neonatal and child health are two of the most critical Sustainable Development Goals (MDGs). The Cameroon health system has consistently faced huge challenges to meet these objectives. As upshot; decision-makers identified the lack of a suitable health financing policy as an important issue that needed to be addressed. In response; the performance- based financing (PBF) scheme was implemented.

Objective of Study: Assess the short term effects of PBF on both maternal and child health services.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the Mifi Health District to compare the trend in some key child health indicators before and after PBF’s implementation across 41 randomly selected health facilities. A linear regression model and a paired sample T-test were used in the analysis, considering a p-value of <0.05 as significant and a confidence interval at 95%.

Results: There was a significant decrease in the mean Pentavalent dropout rate (p-value=0.02) as well as in the mean number of child deaths (p-value=0.019), per facilities per year from 26.61 and 0.46 before, to -104.07 and 0.15. There was also a significant increase in the proportion of women per facility per year who came for first antenatal care visit (ANC) p=0.001 from 94.55 before to 229.71 during PBF. The mean number per facility per year of pregnant women who attended at least 4 ANCs (p=0.034) also increased significantly from 44.65 before to 119.05 during PBF. Equally, the mean number of women per facility per year attending post natal visits significantly increased (p=0.010) from 23.23 before to 75.29 during PBF.

Conclusion: The findings of the assessment of the effect of PBF scheme on maternal and child health services in the Mifi Health District, demonstrates a significant improvement in key indicators of maternal and child health, following PBF implementation. This study highlights the essential need for policymakers to carefully examine the effect of the PBF strategy on maternal and child health with the perspective of further scaling up this reform to other regions. Therefore, PBF can be an effective strategy for improving maternal and child health by increasing the utilisation of MCH services.
Post-operative Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation in a Rare Case of Avulsion Fracture of Tibial Attachment of Posterior Cruciate Ligament: A Case Report
Authors: Budhwani Yukta J. , Phansopkar Pratik , Wadhokar Om C. , Chitale Neha
Published: July 2021

Avulsion fractures of tibial attachment of PCL are not observed very often. PCL injuries are uncommon; especially those involving tibial aspect/fragment are rare. On the basis of the site of damage: Hyperflexion, Hyperextension, Pretibial trauma, etc. are the considered causes of injury. Injury to the PCL results changes in the kinematics of the knee. Changes in contact pressure have been demonstrated in both the patellofemoral and the medial tibiofemoral compartments after sectioning of the PCL, with significant increase in joint forces. This alteration in the normal kinematics may explain the tendency for the development of degenerative changes in the above mentioned compartments after PCL injury. Physiotherapy plays a very vital role in the treatment and management of such cases. Here, we report a case of a 25year old young man who was admitted to Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DMIMS), Deemed to be University (DU), with an alleged history of slip and fall from two-wheeler due to RTA sustaining injury to the right limb, particularly on the knee and further complained of pain & swelling over the knee along with difficulty in walking. On examination and investigation it was diagnosed as the case of avulsion fracture of tibial attachment of PCL. And so was operated and treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Thereafter, was referred to the Physiotherapy Department for further rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to: Discuss the epidemiology& Operative method. Discuss the physiotherapeutic management and rehabilitation of PCL tears and their outcomes.
Disease Diagnosis System using Machine Learning
Authors: Kamble Shailesh D. , Patel Pawan , Fulzele Punit , Bangde Yash , Musale Hitesh , Gaddamwar Saipratik
Published: July 2021

The efficient use of data mining in virtual sectors such as e-соmmerсe, and соmmerсe has led to its use in other industries. The mediсаl environment is still rich but weaker in technical analysis field. There is а lot of information that саn оссur within mediсаl systems. Using powerful analytics tооls to identify the hidden relationships with the current data trends. Disease is а term that provides а large number of соnditiоns connected to the heath care. These mediсаl соnditiоns describe unexpected health соnditiоns that directly соntrоl all the оrgаns of the body. Mediсаl data mining methods such as соrроrаte management mines, сlаssifiсаtiоn, integration is used to аnаlyze various types of соmmоn рhysiсаl problems. Seраrаtiоn is an imроrtаnt рrоblem in data mining. Many рорulаr сliрs make decision trees to рrоduсe саtegоry models. Data сlаssifiсаtiоn is based on the ID3 decision tree algorithm that leads to ассurасy, data are estimated to use entrорy verifiсаtiоn methods based on сrоss-seсtiоnаl and segmentation and results are соmраred. The database used for mасhine learning is divided into 3 parts - training, testing, and finally validation. This approach uses а training set to train а model and define its аррrорriаte раrаmeters. А test set is required to test а professional model and its standard performance. It is estimated that 70% of people in India can catch common illnesses such as viruses, flu, coughs, colds etc. every two months. Because most people do not realize that common allergies can be symptoms of something very serious, 25% of people suddenly die from ignoring the first normal symptoms. Therefore, identifying or predicting the disease early using machine learning (ML) is very important to avoid any unwanted injuries.
Comparative Study of Arjun Twak Lepa and Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali in Management of Vyanga with Special Reference to Melasma
Authors: Shelotkar Priyanka , Parwe Shweta , Borage Swapnil
Published: July 2021

Background: A person's beauty and self-confidence are both enhanced by healthy and glowing facial skin.A darkening of the skin caused by an excess of the pigment melanin in the skin is known as hyperpigmentation.Vyanga is a Kshrudraroga with appearance of Niruja (painless) and Shavavarna Mandalas (bluish-brownish) on the face. Melasma, one of the hyper pigmented disorders, can be compared to it.based on clinical features. Whole raw egg/egg yolk alone/with herbs have shown very good results in tightening of skin, complexion and healing in skin disorders, when it is locally applied. So, in present study egg is used with Arjun Twak Churna in the form of Pottali in experimental group for better result in management of Vyanga.

Aim and Objectives: To study the effect of Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali on MSI (Melasma Severity Index) and to compare the effect of ArjunTwak Kukkutand Pottali and Arjun Twak Lepa on MSI.

Methodology: Total no. of 44 patients will be enrolled (22 in each group). In control group for a period of 21 days, Arjun Twak Lepa will be available for local use. While in experimental group, ArjunTwak Kukkutand Pottali will be given for local application for 21 days. The assessment will be done on 0 & 21st day.

Results: Changes will be observed as per subjective & objective parameters.

Conclusion: ArjunTwak Kukkutand Pottali will be more effective on MSI (Melasma Severity Index).
Altered Thyroid Function amongst the Infertile Insulin Resistant Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Zafar Urooj , Sani Aliya Irshad , Malik Hira Ahmed , Faraz Aisha , Rizwan Rabeea , Muneer Mariam
Published: July 2021

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of the child-bearing age. Likewise, women with PCOS are more likely to be obese or overweight, which may be due to their higher Insulin resistance and TSH levels.

Aim: The study's objectives were to assess the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in infertile PCOS, distribution of insulin resistant in PCOS women with subclinical hypothyroidism, and the efficacy of Metformin treatment in these women.

Methods: It was a single-center study which included all infertile patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a Karachi hospital between January 2019 and September 2019. The infertile PCOS patients were then divided into two groups: Group A (Insulin Resistant with Subclinical Hypothyroidism) and Group B. (Non-Insulin Resistant with Subclinical Hypothyroidism). Following the written consent, both the treatment groups received Metformin 500mg T.D. for three months.

Results: The infertile PCOS patients showed a higher prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. Insulin resistance was found to be 63.3% among subclinical hypothyroid PCOS women. Finally, three months of Metformin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in TSH levels in Insulin resistant PCOS women.

Conclusion: We identified a positive link between TSH levels and insulin resistance in PCOS women, both in terms of incidence and treatment.
Pharmaceutical Preparation of Arka Lavan and Assessment for Its Analytical Study
Authors: Sheikh S. , Wanjari A. , Kamble S. , Wankhede S. , Wanjari D. , Chouragade N.
Published: July 2021

Background: Arka is commonly found plant in India. It is mostly used for religious purpose in India. In Ayurved, it has in used for various medical preparation. One of such preparation is Arka Lavan.

Aim: Pharmaceutico-analytical study of Arka lavan& evaluation for Antimicrobial study

Materials: The raw materials Arka patra will be collected from the medicinal plant garden, of Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College , Hospital & research centre, Salod ( H), wardha. The arka patra will  be authenticated by Dravyaguna department. The another raw material is Saindhava Lavan will be procured from Dattatraya Ayurved Rasashala and will be authenticated by Rasashastra & Bhaishajya kalpana Department Arka lavan will be prepared as per the reference.The prepared Arka lavan will be analyzed.

Observation and Results: The Arka patra lavan will be assessed for organoleptic, physicochemical and TLC parameters 

Conclusion: The pharmaceutical & analytical study of Arka lava will provide the standard parameters.
Assessment and Management of Eyelid Injury
Authors: Suthar Apurva H. , Modi Kaushal A.
Published: July 2021

Background and aim: Among all sites of injury, eyelid laceration seems to be neglected in terms of sufficient epidemiological investigations. With a thorough understanding of the causes of eye lid lacerations, it is possible to develop a better preventive strategy and hence improve the public health policy in this respect. Hence the aim of the study was to understand the type of eyelid injury and study management of the injuries.

Materials and methods: A total of 100 cases that were reported to the hospital department opd with the chief complain of blunt as well as penetrating eye lid injuries were included in the study. Evaluation by a physician was done for all cases to note the presence of any systemic diseases and for opinion regarding fitness for surgery. In cases where General Anaesthesia (GA) was used, Anaesthetist examined the patient and opined regarding status of the patient towards                           GA.

Results: The results of the present study showed that 3rd and 4th decade were more prone to the eyelid injuries. Majority of the 58 cases showed involvement of left eye whereas the involvement of right eye was seen in 42 cases. In the present study, Minimonoka stent was used for 8 cases of canalicular lacerations and 8 cases of canalicular tear that were not affordable were repaired with 24G Venflon tube.

Conclusion: As the injuries occur more commonly due to road traffic accidents showing 54 cases in our study, preventive measures are to be taken while riding such as controlling speed. Domestic injuries are more common in females. This study showed that Minimonoka stent is an effective and easy tool in reconstructing canalicular tear, with successful anatomical and functional integrity.
Island characteristics and sampling methodologies influence the use of stable isotopes as an ecosystem function assessment tool
Authors: Pascoe Penelope , Shaw Justine , Trebilco Rowan , Kong Stephanie , Jones Holly
Published: July 2021

Monitoring seabird‐derived nutrients on islands following invasive mammal eradications may provide a useful, cost‐ and time‐efficient indication of the recovery of ecosystem function; however, the technique has only been investigated on environmentally similar islands. How seabird‐derived nutrients recover on islands with different characteristics, and how differences in sampling regimes affect results is poorly understood.

To determine how different island characteristics (size, geographic location and invasion history) and aspects of the sampling regime (sample collection year, season and intra‐island location) influence seabird‐derived nutrients we collated nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) data from three ecosystem components (soil, plants and spiders), collected on 28 islands around New Zealand. We investigated which variables best predict δ15N using linear‐mixed effects models. Accounting for these variables and using still‐invaded and never‐invaded islands as controls for recovery, we then investigated changes in δ15N on islands at different stages following invasive mammal eradication.

Island size, invasion history and the presence of seabirds in the direct vicinity of a sampling location all influenced δ15N. After accounting for these variables, δ15N increased with time since eradication in soils, plants and spiders, though there was still some variation that our chosen variables could not explain.

This study demonstrates the importance of considering island characteristics and sampling methods when assessing seabird‐derived nutrient recovery and highlights the need for additional targeted sample collection on islands to help separate out the effects of time since eradication and other confounding variables affecting δ15N. Improved understanding of these factors will be prerequisite for furthering this technique as a useful addition to the post‐eradication monitoring tool kit.
Microfluidic Encapsulation of Aqueous Solutions for Use in Magnetic Self‐Sensing Composite Materials
Authors: Crall Matthew D. , Keller Michael W.
Published: July 2021

Modern composite materials have excellent properties that are useful in a wide range of applications. However, the problem of damage tolerance remains an issue, especially in mission‐critical applications. Several approaches for detecting hidden damage have been explored. Herein, a microcapsule‐based system for detecting internal damage is developed and described. Microcapsules containing detection agent fluids are fabricated using microfluidic encapsulation techniques. Each of the two aqueous detection agent fluids is encapsulated separately in two different sets of microcapsules. When mixed into a matrix material, these microcapsules rupture upon damage. This allows the fluids to flow into the damaged areas and react, precipitating magnetic nanoparticles. This facilitates the detection of hidden damage. The microcapsule fabrication techniques are described, and important parameters for successful, consistent encapsulation of the aqueous core fluids are explored. The microcapsules are characterized via a variety of methods. Lastly, the ability of this system to detect surface scratches, fracture, and impact damage is assessed.
Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Zr Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting with a Preheated Substrate
Authors: Deng Hao , Qiu Wenbin , Chen Longqing , Cao Sheng , Wei Yongqiang , Hu Zhendong , Cui Xuidong , Tang Jun
Published: July 2021

The high solidification rate of selective laser melting (SLM) induces a nonequilibrium microstructure in as‐fabricated Ti alloys. Herein, a metastable β Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Zr alloy is successfully fabricated by SLM on a preheated substrate at 700 °C. The effects of preheating temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of as‐fabricated specimens is systematically studied. The phase identification and electron microscopic results demonstrate that the 700 °C preheating temperature enables the transformation of metastable β structure into an α + β structure with massive amounts of nanosized α precipitates. Consequently, the SLM‐fabricated specimen after preheating process possesses higher ultimate tensile strength and hardness at 1440 MPa and 8.24 GPa, respectively. This work shows an alternative for SLM to tackle nonequilibrium microstructure and to increase the strength of metastable Ti alloys by introducing high temperature preheating.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Low‐Cycle Fatigue Performance of LZ91 Mg–Li Alloy
Authors: Li Yang , Lu Zhengtong , Liu Shuhao , Li Dalei , Zou Yun
Published: July 2021

Herein, the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure, tensile properties, and low‐cycle fatigue properties of the LZ91 Mg–Li alloy are investigated. The results indicate that after heat treatment, the α‐phase undergoes spheroidization, and a portion of the needle‐like α‐phase is distributed at the β‐phase grain boundary; in addition, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation of the material increase by 9.6% and 20%, respectively, and the low‐cycle fatigue life is improved. The increase in the UTS of the specimen is attributed to the precipitation of the needle‐like α‐phase, whereas that in material plasticity is attributed to α‐phase spheroidization after heat treatment. It is observed that fatigue cracks all originate on the surface of the specimens, predominantly in the β‐phase. The needle‐like α‐phase suppresses the initiation of macro fatigue cracks, and the increased α‐phase microhardness decelerates the crack growth rate, thereby improving the low‐cycle fatigue life of the alloy.
Formation and Prevention of a Surface Defect on the Aerofoil of As‐Cast Nickel‐Based Single‐Crystal Turbine Blades
Authors: Park KeeHyun , Withey Paul
Published: July 2021

Surface scale is a common casting defect covering up to one‐third of the aerofoil on as‐cast single‐crystal turbine blades. To better understand and control this scale, the scaled and unscaled regions on the surface of a blade are observed. The surface of the unscaled region is covered with a relatively thick and uniform aluminum oxide layer. In comparison, the surface of the scaled region shows a different morphology, which is mainly composed of two different regions: one is a tessellated region with irregular polygons and the other with many irregular lines. The cross‐section and transmission electron microscopy samples of the scaled region clearly show that the surface is covered with double oxide layers of thickness 300–500 nm composed of several metallic oxides, which form after the normal microstructure of the base material during solidification. A specific region, which is in contact with the investment mold but remains in the scaled part, shows the possibility of this scale formation through the reaction of the initial aluminum oxide/mold wall material and the oxidation of the fresh surface of the base material. Based on these observations, the formation mechanism and the prevention of the surface scale are discussed.
Preparation of SiC Nanowire/Carbon Fiber Composites with Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance
Authors: Qian Junjie , Du Bin , Cai Mei , He Chao , Wang Xuan , Xiong Hao , Shui Anze
Published: July 2021

Herein, the SiC‐coated carbon fiber decorated with SiC nanowire (SiCnw/CF) composites are successfully prepared by one‐step chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process. Microstructures, the formation mechanism of SiCnws, thermal stability performance, and electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance of the composites are investigated in detail. In particularly, benefiting the dielectric loss and conductive loss, the SiCnw/CF composites obtained at 1500 °C exhibit superior EMW absorption property with the minimum reflection loss (RL) of −36.5 dB with the effective absorption band of 5.5 GHz at a thickness of 1.88 mm. This work provides a simple way to obtain and design the CF‐based materials with good microwave absorption.
Uniting a III‐Nitride Transmitter, Waveguide, Modulator, and Receiver on a Single Chip
Authors: Xie Mingyuan , Jiang Yan , Gao Xumin , Cai Wei , Yuan Jialei , Zhu Hongbo , Wang Yongjin , Zeng Xuefeng , Zhang Zhiyu , Liu Yuhuai , Amano Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

The integration of III‐nitride electronics and photonics is of great interest toward future computing systems with low power consumption. Multifunctioning multiple quantum well (MQW) diodes can address the challenging issue for on‐chip integration of a light source, which is a key component to drive the photonic circuits. Herein, a transmitter, waveguide, modulator, and receiver are monolithically integrated on a III‐nitride‐on‐silicon platform to perform light emission, transmission, modulation, and detection simultaneously. Both the receiver and modulator exhibit sufficient sensitivity to optical signals from the transmitter, which has an identical InGaN/AlGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structure because the III‐nitride diode provides spectral overlap between the emission and absorption spectra. On‐chip data communication among these optical components is achieved using light, and the effective wavelength range is from 365 to 385 nm, in which multifunctional devices can be operated.
Interaction of Fe‐Containing, Secondary Al–Si Alloy with Oxide and Carbon‐Containing Ceramics for Fe Removal
Authors: Becker Hanka , Fankhänel Beate , Voigt Claudia , Charitos Alexandros , Stelter Michael , Aneziris Christos G. , Leineweber Andreas
Published: July 2021

Fe is a detrimental impurity element in secondary, i.e., recycled, Al–Si cast alloys for castability and mechanical properties. Fe removal can be achieved by binding Fe into Fe‐containing, primary particles and removing these from the, thus, Fe‐depleted Al–Si alloy melt. Expanding the application of filters beyond the removal of nonmetallic inclusions to increase the Fe‐removal efficiency can contribute to production of high‐quality, secondary Al–Si alloys. The usability of Al2O3, 3Al2O3 · 2SiO2, MgAl2O4, Al2O3–C, and SiC filter materials in contact with Al7.1Si, Al7.1Si1.5Fe, and Al7.1Si0.75Fe0.75Mn alloys is evaluated in sessile‐drop and crucible experiments regarding wettability, chemical interaction, nucleation, particle formation, and the subsequent effect on the alloy composition. The Al–Si melts in contact with Al2O3 act as nonreactive, low‐wetting reference systems. MgAl2O4 and SiO2 in 3Al2O3 · 2SiO2 are reduced, forming low‐wetting Al2O3, whereas Mg and Si enrich in the droplet. In contact with SiC and Al2O3–C, a thin layer of high‐wetting Al4C3 is formed. In case of Al2O3–C, primary Fe‐containing particles are specifically attached to the Al4C3 layer, which is associated with oriented growth of that layer. The remaining Fe content in the melt is 0.9 at% and beneficial kinetic effects for the Fe removal are suggested.
Abnormal Recrystallization Behavior of the Cold‐Rolled AlZnMgZr (7046A) Sheets during Annealing
Authors: Huang Jiwu , Xu Chenglong , Jiang Fuqing , Jiang Yingge
Published: July 2021

The recrystallization behavior and microstructures’ evolution of cold‐rolled AlZnMgZr (7046A) sheets with various annealing treatments are investigated. Compared with the conventional hardness versus annealing temperature curves, the abnormal hardening occurs above 375 °C, which triggers the contemplation about abnormal recrystallization behavior and abnormal hardening behavior herein. In accordance with texture evolution with diverse annealing temperatures or time, recovery and recrystallization processes are more sensitive to temperature than holding time, and the rolling texture also transforms into recrystallization texture at 350–375 °C. Afterward, microstructure analysis and the recovery and recrystallization theory are combined to obtain information about the dislocation density, the grain features, and the solid‐solution ability, explaining the annealing‐induced hardening phenomenon. In addition, the recovery process means that the dislocations are consumed and subgrains with low misorientation angle are transformed into subgrains with high misorientation angle, whereas the high‐angle subgrains are transformed into recrystallized grains during the recrystallization process. Combined with the grain distribution and abnormal hardness evolution, the abnormal recrystallization behavior is determined to occur at 375 °C. Due to poor thermal activation, recrystallization occurs preferentially in favorable sites, and some grains grow preferentially, resulting in abnormal recrystallization behavior.
Residual Properties of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina Foam Filter Coated with Carbon‐Containing Calcium Aluminate after Contact with Steel Melt
Authors: Wu Xian , Ranglack-Klemm Yvonne , Storti Enrico , Dudczig Steffen , Aneziris Christos G. , Weidner Anja , Biermann Horst
Published: July 2021

Carbon‐bonded alumina (Al2O3‐C) foam filters with a carbon‐containing calcium dialuminate/hexaluminate coating are immersed into steel melt under argon atmosphere. To determine the residual thermomechanical properties of the filter materials, compression tests are conducted after the immersion tests at 1100 and 1500 °C under argon atmosphere using a high‐temperature testing machine. Even after the thermoshock, the materials exhibit brittle and ductile behavior at 1100 and 1500 °C, respectively, with considerable compression strengths. The open porosity and carbon content of the materials do not change significantly after contact with liquid steel. Furthermore, microstructural analysis is performed by scanning electron microscopy, and elemental distribution is examined by energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. These clearly show the coating layer as well as some steel droplets. Overall, this study gives the evidence that even after contact with steel melt at ≈1650 °C for 10 s, the thermomechanical behavior, open porosity, pore size distribution, and carbon content of the filter materials are not significantly influenced.
Chiral Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials Based on R/S‐N2,N2′‐Diphenyl‐[1,1′‐binaphthalene]‐2,2′‐diamine Donor with Narrow Emission Spectra for Highly Efficient Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Yan Zhi‐Ping , Liu Ting‐Ting , Wu Ruixia , Liang Xiao , Li Zhi‐Qiang , Zhou Liang , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin
Published: July 2021

In this study, two pairs of chiral thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials enabling circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) named R/S‐p‐BAMCN (rod‐shape) and R/S‐o‐BAMCN (helix‐shape) are prepared based on a new pair of chiral donor (D*), R/S‐N2,N2′‐diphenyl‐[1,1′‐binaphthalene]‐2,2′‐diamine (R/S‐BAM), and two cyano (CN) acceptors. Due to the rigid molecular structure and special intramolecular arrangement, the chiral TADF materials show high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (up to 0.86) with narrow full‐width at half‐maximum (38 nm in cyclohexane, 51 nm in toluene) and photoluminescence dissymmetry factor (|gPL|) up to 5.3 × 10−3. Particularly, the circularly polarized OLEDs (CP‐OLEDs) with rod‐shaped R/S‐p‐BAMCN as the emitter show high device performances with the maximum external quantum efficiency nearing 28%. Meanwhile, the semi‐transparent CP‐OLEDs based on helix‐shaped R/S‐o‐BAMCN exhibit obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) properties with the electroluminescence |gEL| factors around 4.6 × 10−3. The strategy of rigid D*‐A‐D* structure with special arrangement of chiral donor provides a direct way to obtain efficient CP‐TADF materials with narrow emission spectra and promising CPL properties for better CPEL performance.
Magnetically Controlled Assembly of Dielectric Microspheres toward Photonic Molecules
Authors: Yin Baipeng , Wu Wubin , Dai Chenghu , Jia Hao , Zhang Chuang , Yao Jiannian
Published: July 2021

The construction of “photonic molecules” with controlled sizes and shapes is of particular interest for the integration of miniaturized devices into optoelectronic chips. Here, a general approach is reported that allows the assembly of colloidal microspheres into coupled microcavities with high yield and large scale, utilizing magnetostatic interactions between diamagnetic building blocks dispersed in a ferrofluid under an external field. By precisely designing the local field gradient around diamagnetic microspheres, “virtual templates” can be formed to produce various coupled photonic structures, including diatomic heterogeneous molecules and polyatomic chain molecules. The diatomic structures can modulate the optical resonance modes upon the coherent coupling between microsphere cavities and serve as single‐mode wavelength‐tunable microlasers. The chain photonic molecules, as coupled resonator optical waveguides, could modulate the light propagation and store photons up to tens of picoseconds. The magnetically controlled assembly method is demonstrated, which provides a promising way for the facile and efficient fabrication of coupled microstructures for fascinating photonic and optoelectronic applications.
Dual Functions of CO2 Molecular Activation and 4f Levels as Electron Transport Bridge in Dysprosium Single Atom Composite Photocatalysts with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photoactivities
Authors: Zhao Yue , Han Zhendong , Gao Guoyang , Zhang Wanying , Qu Yang , Zhu Hongyang , Zhu Peifen , Wang Guofeng
Published: July 2021

The effect of rare earth (RE) single atoms on photocatalytic activity is very complex due to its special electronic configuration, which leads to few reports on the RE single atoms. Here, Dy3+ single atom composite photocatalysts are successfully constructed based on both the special role of Dy3+ and the special advantages of CdS/g‐C3N4 heterojunction in the field of photocatalysis. The results show that an efficient way of electron transfer is provided to promote charge separation, and the dual functions of CO2 molecular activation of rare‐earth single atom and 4f levels as electron transport bridge are fully exploited. It is exciting that under visible‐light irradiation, the catalytic performance of CdS:Dy3+/g‐C3N4 is ≈6.9 times higher than that of pure g‐C3N4. The catalytic performance of CdS:Dy3+ and CdS:Dy3+/g‐C3N4 are ≈7 and ≈13.7 times higher than those of pure CdS, respectively. Besides, not all RE ions are suitable for charge transfer bridges, which is not only related to the 4f levels of RE ions but also related to the bandgap structure of CdS and g‐C3N4. The pattern of combining single‐atom catalysis and heterojunction opens up new methods for enhancing photocatalytic activity.