bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Recognition and Positioning of Wheel Defects in Ultrasonic B-Scan Image Using Artificial Neural Network and Image Processing
Authors: Yuan Meng , Li Jinlong , Liu Yingwei , Gao Xiaorong
Published: March 2019

Wheels are one of the most important testing components in rail transport that play a significant role in the safety of train, and thence, research on wheel defect detection is of great significance. In this article, a method using image processing techniques and artificial neural network techniques is proposed for the purpose of recognizing defects in ultrasound B-scan image. A noise reduction and filtering algorithm and a feature extraction algorithm are proposed to simplify identification steps and improve the accuracy of the later recognition. Then, two back propagation neural networks with two hidden layers are built respectively for two classification steps. One is to identify noise, while the other is to identify the echo of real defects. Finally, a 93 % recognition rate is achieved by using the algorithm proposed in this article. The result shows that appropriate feature extraction algorithms and artificial neural network techniques are efficient and reliable in defects recognition of ultrasound B-scan images.
A Comparative Analysis of Robust Dispersion Control Charts with Application Related to Health Care Data
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Tahir Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad , Abbas Tahir
Published: March 2019

One of the most efficient tools of statistical process control is the control chart. The efficiency and effectiveness of control charts depend on its in-control robustness, i.e., how the control chart reacts against the violation of the designed model of the chart. The current study evaluates the in-control robustness properties of a chart that is based on the mixture of the statistics of cumulative sum and exponentially weighted moving averages (CS-EWMA) control charts for monitoring the process dispersion under normal, nonnormal, and contaminated normal environments. The in-control robustness performance of the CS-EWMA chart is compared with some existing control charts. Moreover, the appropriate values of the design coefficients for selected charts are also determined. In-control robustness is evaluated in terms of different properties of run length distribution, such as average run length, standard deviation of the run length, and various percentile points. In addition, a real-life application of all the selected charts based on the colonoscopy procedure is considered for practical implementation. It is found that the CS-EWMA chart has a better in-control robustness performance as compared with its counterparts.
Historical Review of the Metered Section Area for the Guarded-Hot-Plate Method
Authors: Zarr Robert R. , Bruss Stacy M. , McElroy David. L.
Published: March 2019

Results of an extensive literature review and investigation of the metered section area for the guarded-hot-plate method, standardized as ASTM C177, Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus, are presented. The guarded-hot-plate apparatus is a primary linear-heat-flow method generally used to determine the thermal conductivity of insulating and building materials. The review examined technical publications from 1885 to 1990 and identified 31 papers of interest. Historical versions of ASTM C177 were also researched as well as test methods from other standard development organizations. The investigation revealed that, over the past 100 years, researchers have independently developed two main approaches for the computation of the metered section area. An assessment of the calculation techniques is presented for round plates with diameters from 250 to 1,000 mm, a guard-to-meter aspect ratio of 2, and guard gap widths of 1–4 mm. The gap effects are not negligible because large gaps (4 mm) on small plates (250 mm) can lead to errors of 10 % or more on the computation of the metered section area, ultimately affecting the uncertainty of the test results of the guarded-hot-plate method. The results of this study are applicable to other thermal conductivity test methods that employ a primary thermal guard to promote 1-D heat flow.
A Comparison Study on Emission Characteristics of Using Higher Alcohol Oxygenates with Gasoline in a Multipoint Fuel Injection Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: Dhamodaran Gopinath , Esakkimuthu Ganapathy Sundaram
Published: March 2019

Usage of oxygenates has become common practice for improving gasoline properties. In this study, two oxygenates, one from the ether family (diisopropyl ether (DIPE)) and one from the alcohol family (n-butanol), were mixed with gasoline at 5, 15, and 25 % by volume to get D5, D15, D25, N5, N15, and N25 blends. Blends of DIPE (D5, D15, and D25) and n-butanol (N5, N15, and N25) were tested in a four-stroke four-cylinder multipoint fuel injection spark-ignition engine at 0.33 MPa (brake mean effective pressure) over a speed range of 1,400 to 2,800 r/min with 200 r/min increments. The performance and emission behavior obtained from blends of DIPE and n-butanol were compared with base gasoline. Lower hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are observed for oxygenate blends than for gasoline. However, blends of DIPE and butanol emitted higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) than gasoline. The retarded spark timing from 14° before top-dead-center (bTDC) to 12° bTDC reduced NOx emissions from blends. The study also concludes that DIPE is a suitable and comparable oxygenate additive to n-butanol and offers high knock resistance equal to n-butanol.
Myanmar in 2018
Authors: Fink Christina
Published: February 2019

The Rohingya crisis cast a long shadow over Myanmar in 2018, and prospects for the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh were bleak. The peace process with ethnic armed organizations remained stalled. Myanmar signed major investment agreements with China that could have a dramatic effect on the economy.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL LAPLACE APPROXIMATION VIA TROTTER OPERATOR
Authors: Giang Le Truong , Nghiem Trinh Huu
Published: March 2019

The classical distribution of Laplace, along with the normal one, became one of the most actively used symmetric probabilistic models. A separate task of mathematics is the Laplace approximation, i.e. method of estimating the parameters of the normal distribution in the approximation of a given probability density. In this article the problem of Laplace approximation in d-dimensional space has been investigated. In particular, the rates of convergence in problems of the multidimensional Laplace approximation are studied. The mathematical tool used in this article is the operator method developed by Trotter. It is very elementary and elegant. Two theorems are proved for the evaluation of convergence rate. The convergence rates, proved in the theorems, are expressed using two different types of results, namely: estimates of the convergence rate of the approximation are obtained in terms of “large-O” and “small-o”. The received results in this paper are extensions and generalizations of known results. The results obtained can be used when using the Laplace approximation in machine learning problems. The results in this note present a new approach to the Laplace approximation problems for the d-dimensional independent random variables.
A Health Equity Audit of the Diabetic Eye Screening Programmes in Cumbria and the North East
Authors: Ahmad Balsam , Neilson Fergus
Published: March 2019

We report key findings and lessons learned from a health equity audit (HEA) of six National Health Service Diabetic Eye Screening Programmes (NDESPs) in Cumbria and the North East of England. Uptake of diabetic eye screening was analysed in relation to demographic variables including age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation and geography and a combinationof these in each of the six NDESPs. A total of 196,275 records of patients with diabetes aged 12 years and over on the NDESP registers were analysed. The key finding was a lower than acceptable screening uptake (70%) in the last year among the working age population, especially those living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas. The HEA process also highlighted the need for improvements in collecting data on ethnicity and sex. It informed action plans which address inequities in uptake of screening in each of the six NDESPs, especially those targeting the working age populations and individuals who never attended screening or never responded to screening invitations. We established a method of extracting the patient data from the local systems, pseudonymising and linking to lower super outputarea. This will be important for HEAs to become embedded in routine practice.
The melanocortin pathway and control of appetite-progress and therapeutic implications
Authors: Baldini Giulia , Phelan Kevin D
Published: February 2019

The initial discovery thatob/obmice become obese because of a recessive mutation of the leptin gene has been crucial to discover the melanocortin pathway to control appetite. In the melanocortin pathway, the fed state is signaled by abundance of circulating hormones such as leptin and insulin, which bind to receptors expressed at the surface of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons to promote processing of POMC to the mature hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). The α-MSH released by POMC neurons then signals to decrease energy intake by binding to melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) expressed by MC4R neurons to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Conversely, in the ‘starved state’ activity of agouti-related neuropeptide (AgRP) and of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing neurons is increased by decreased levels of circulating leptin and insulin and by the orexigenic hormone ghrelin to promote food intake. This initial understanding of the melanocortin pathway has recently been implemented by the description of the complex neuronal circuit that controls the activity of POMC, AgRP/NPY and MC4R neurons and downstream signaling by these neurons. This review summarizes the progress done on the melanocortin pathway and describes how obesity alters this pathway to disrupt energy homeostasis. We also describe progress on how leptin and insulin receptors signal in POMC neurons, how MC4R signals and how altered expression and traffic of MC4R change the acute signaling and desensitization properties of the receptor. We also describe how the discovery of the melanocortin pathway has led to the use of melanocortin agonists to treat obesity derived from genetic disorders.
An R Package for Bayesian Analysis of Multi-environment and Multi-trait Multi-environment Data for Genome-Based Prediction
Authors: Montesinos-López Osval A , Montesinos-López Abelardo , Luna-Vázquez Francisco Javier , Toledo Fernando H , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Lillemo Morten , Crossa José
Published: March 2019

Evidence that genomic selection (GS) is a technology that is revolutionizing plant breeding continues to grow. However, it is very well documented that its success strongly depends on statistical models, which are used by GS to perform predictions of candidate genotypes that were not phenotyped. Because there is no universally better model for prediction and models for each type of response variable are needed (continuous, binary, ordinal, count, etc.), an active area of research aims to develop statistical models for the prediction of univariate and multivariate traits in GS. However, most of the models developed so far are for univariate and continuous (Gaussian) traits. Therefore, to overcome the lack of multivariate statistical models for genome-based prediction by improving the original version of the BMTME, we propose an improved Bayesian multi-trait and multi-environment (BMTME) R package for analyzing breeding data with multiple traits and multiple environments. We also introduce Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking (BMORS) functions that are considerably efficient in terms of computational resources. The package allows parameter estimation and evaluates the prediction performance of multi-trait and multi-environment data in a reliable, efficient and user-friendly way. We illustrate the use of the BMTME with real toy datasets to show all the facilities that the software offers the user. However, for large datasets, the BME() and BMTME() functions of the BMTME R package are very intense in terms of computing time; on the other hand, less intensive computing is required with BMORS functions BMORS() and BMORS_Env() that are also included in the BMTME package.
Otra vuelta de tuerca. Notas para un refinamiento de los conceptos y discursos críticos sobre “terrorismo islámico” y violencia política
Authors: MARTINI Alice , PEÑAS ESTEBAN Francisco Javier
Published: March 2019

El conflicto actual entre mundo occidental y el “terrorismo islamista” es algo que va mucho más allá del problema que supone la violencia —trágica y dolorosa— que ejercen y en la que se basan estos grupos. Efectivamente, la brecha que divide a estos grupos de nuestras sociedades es civilizatoria: se sustenta en diferentes y antagónicas propuestas sobre cómo debe organizarse la vida social. En este sentido, el choque es entre una modernidad occidental y un modelo de organización social —también moderno— que no separa lo político, lo religioso, o social, etc. Sin embargo, los conceptos políticos occidentales “secularizados” siguen siendo de corte teológico: de aquí un choque de “civilizaciones”, entendidas como diferentes modelos de organización de lo social y de lo político­.
Sub-Saharan Africa in the world order of neoliberal globalization: history, ideational forces and epistemic power
Authors: AHEDO SANTIESTEBAN Ángel Manuel
Published: March 2019

The article analyses the process by which the Sub-Saharan region has become part of the new neoliberal global order. This is analysed with social theories of the international, within an analytical balance between the politico-economic dimensions and the cultural-ideational dimensions. From a world-systems perspective focused on hierarchical and hegemonic international relations it is observed how the Sub-Saharan region has continued to be within clear structural dependence relations both socioeconomic and cultural-ideational. From a world society perspective an ambivalent development is depicted in the region, featured with difficulties in constructing nation-states that can be formally internationally homologated, and limited regional integration and empowerment processes. Moreover, the glocal epistemic relations of definitional power are discussed, in relation to global knowledge dynamics and the role of public higher education. There are two main conclusions: a) region’s increasingly formal international homologation in the neoliberal global order has not modified region’s structural economic and political dependence, which is based in a cultural-ideational dependence relative to its epistemic and definitional power; and b) as democratization slowly advances there are actual and potential dynamics of generation of own and alternative epistemes, which could enable possibilities for a glocal contestation to a the hegemonic neoliberal model.
Are Caregivers Who Respond to the Child HCAHPS Survey Reflective of All Hospitalized Pediatric Patients?
Authors: Lee Brian , Hollenbeck-Pringle Danielle , Goldman Victoria , Biondi Eric , Alverson Brian
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:

The Child Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (C-HCAHPS) survey was developed to measure satisfaction levels of pediatric inpatients’ caregivers. Studies in adults have revealed that certain demographic groups (people of color or who are multiracial and people with public insurance) respond to surveys at decreased rates, contributing to nonresponse bias. Our primary goal was to determine if results from the C-HCAHPS survey accurately reflect the intended population or reveal evidence of nonresponse bias. Our secondary goal was to examine whether demographic or clinical factors were associated with increased satisfaction levels.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study of responses (n = 421) to the C-HCAHPS survey of patients admitted to a tertiary-care pediatric hospital between March 2016 and March 2017. Respondent demographic information was compared with that of all hospital admissions over the same time frame. Satisfaction was defined as “top-box” scores for questions on overall rating and willingness to recommend the hospital.

RESULTS:

Caregivers returning surveys were more likely to be white, non-Hispanic, and privately insured (P < .001). Caregivers with the shortest emergency department wait times were more likely to assign top-box scores for global rating (P = .025). We found no differences in satisfaction between race and/or ethnicity, length of stay, insurance payer, or total cost.

CONCLUSIONS:

Caregivers who identified with underrepresented minority groups and those without private insurance were less likely to return surveys. Among the surveys received, short emergency department wait time and older age were the only factors measured that were associated with higher satisfaction. Efforts to increase patient satisfaction on the basis of satisfaction scores may exacerbate existing disparities in health care.
Change Theory Contributes to Choosing Wisely for Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Schefft Matthew , Gowda Madhu , Massey Gita
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Despite 2011 guidelines in which it is suggested that treatment of acute immune thrombocytopenia purpura (aITP) is not needed for patients without significant bleeding, only 14% of children treated for aITP have bleeding symptoms. Our aim was to decrease the percentage of children with first-episode aITP who were unnecessarily treated by 50% within 12 months of guideline implementation.

METHODS:

An intervention was designed by using the precaution-adoption-process model. A standard-of-practice meeting was organized and focused on clinician readiness for change. After education on current evidence and common cognitive errors, consensus clinical guidelines were created. After implementation, an article in a statewide professional newsletter was published to educate community providers. Unnecessary treatment (UT) was defined as treatment of any patient who only had bruising and/or self-resolving nose bleeds. Statistical process control charts were used to track progress, midline shifts were determined by Nelson’s rules, and hospital costs were derived from administrative billing data.

RESULTS:

One hundred children with aITP were seen from January 2013 to September 2018. UT decreased from 70% to a sustained rate of <30% (P = .008), including a mean of 7% over the past 12 months. The admission rate decreased from 100% to 52% (P = .013), and the total percentage of patients treated decreased from 100% to 48% (P = .016), with both numbers continuing to decline. No adverse bleeding events occurred. An estimated 12 admissions, 4 readmissions, and 5 adverse events were avoided annually.

CONCLUSIONS:

We demonstrated successful improvement in UT of aITP through an educational intervention informed by the precaution-adoption-process model change theory.
When to Include a Lumbar Puncture in the Evaluation for Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Aleem Samia , Greenberg Rachel G.
Published: March 2019

Meningitis is a devastating infection in infants and is linked to adverse long-term outcomes. The prevalence of meningitis is variable and depends on gestational age, postnatal age, and clinical setting. Early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics are crucial to decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality. Lumbar punctures are essential for the diagnosis of meningitis, but clinicians may defer lumbar puncture if the risk for meningitis is low or if there are substantial concerns regarding the risk associated with the procedure. Awareness of the epidemiology and microbiology of meningitis in infants, as well as valid contraindications to performing a lumbar puncture, is necessary to avoid missed diagnoses and procedure-related adverse effects.
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes em tratamento oncológico
Authors: Hintz Luísa Gabellieri , Castro Júnior Cláudio Galvão de , Lukrafka Janice Luisa
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes em internação hospitalar para tratamento de doenças oncológicas e hematológicas malignas, atendidos em um hospital de referência de Porto Alegre. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com análise de prontuários de pacientes que passaram por internação hospitalar no período entre 1º de janeiro de 2015 a 31 de junho de 2017.Resultados: Analisados prontuários de 296 pacientes, dos quais 203 (68,58%) eram diagnósticos novos. A mediana de idade ao diagnóstico foi de 6,3 anos (percentil 2,81-12,63) sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (53,3%) e procedentes do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (97,30%). Os principais diagnósticos foram as leucemias (31,8%), seguidas dos tumores de sistema nervoso central (21,6%) e linfomas (14,9%). Dos 296 pacientes, 14,2% tinham indicação de realizar o transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH). Vinte e cinco conseguiram fazer o procedimento, sendo 60% transplantes autólogos e 40% alogênicos. Dos 65 pacientes que faleceram durante este período, 72,3% receberam cuidados paliativos.Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes eram meninos, brancos, procedentes do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com diagnóstico de leucemia. Por se tratar de um centro de referência em neurocirurgia, os resultados referentes aos principais diagnósticos encontrados se assemelham aos de países desenvolvidos.
Sobrepeso e obesidade precoce e o risco à saúde cardiometabólica e musculoesquelética em crianças
Authors: Gaya Anelise Reis , Brand Caroline , Lemes Vanilson Batista , Dias Arieli Fernandes , Fochesatto Camila Felin , Pedretti Augusto , Mello Julio Brugnara , Araujo Gaya Adroaldo Cezar
Published: March 2019

Introdução: A aptidão física tem sido considerada uma medida de fácil acesso para o rastreamento de escolares com risco à saúde.Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade e as possíveis associações com os indicadores de risco cardiometabólico e musculoesquelético de crianças.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal composto por 320 crianças (168 meninas) com idades entre sete e 12 anos, de uma escola pública. Os indicadores de risco cardiometabólicos foram avaliados a partir da aptidão cardiorrespiratória e do índice de massa corporal, já para o risco musculoesquelético foram avaliadas flexibilidade, força/resistência abdominal e força explosiva de membro inferior, de acordo com o manual do PROESP-Br. Para a análise estatística, foram realizados modelos de regressão generalizada.Resultados: 15,8% das meninas e 11,8% dos meninos foram classificados como obesos e 22,2% e 27,0%, com sobrepeso, respectivamente. No risco a saúde cardiometabólica, crianças obesas e com sobrepeso têm 2,62 e 1,77 vezes mais chance, respectivamente, de estarem com a aptidão cardiorrespiratória em risco comparadas aos seus pares. Já na saúde musculoesquelética, crianças obesas e com sobrepeso têm 1,94 e 1,83 vezes mais chance, respectivamente, de estarem com a força/resistência abdominal na zona de risco. Para a força de membro inferior, estas apresentam 1,28 e 1,17 vezes mais chance de apresentarem baixos níveis nessa variável.Conclusão: Há uma prevalência elevada de crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade. Estas crianças apresentam mais chance de estar em situação de risco à saúde cardiometabólica e musculoesquelética. Tais resultados sugerem a necessidade de ações de intervenção que previnam ou tratem o sobrepeso e obesidade desde a infância.
Fatores associados ao consumo de medicamentos de idosas de um município do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Souza Fabricio De , Souza Márcia Mendonça Marcos de , Martins Leonardo De Paula , Schuelter-Trevisol Fabiana , Trevisol Daisson José
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à quantidade total de medicamentos consumidos por mulheres idosas que frequentam grupos sociais para idosos.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico transversal, realizado com mulheres idosas cadastradas na Fundação Municipal de Desenvolvimento Social, na cidade de Tubarão, no sul do Brasil. As variáveis sociodemográficas e de estado de saúde foram avaliadas por meio de questionários aplicados durante as entrevistas e por avaliação antropométrica. O consumo de medicamentos foi avaliado por questionários, análise das receitas médicas e caixas dos medicamentos consumidos. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado pelo Questionário Baecke Modificado para Idosos. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada por meio do questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life-Old.Resultados: A prevalência de consumo de pelo menos um medicamento foi identificada em 98,7% das idosas participantes, com média de 5,33 medicamentos consumidos por pessoa. A polifarmácia (>5 medicamentos) ocorreu em 43,8% dos casos. Na análise ajustada houve associação entre o consumo de medicamentos e ingestão de álcool (p=0,047), quantidade de consultas médicas por ano (p=0,001), consultas médicas privadas (p=0,011), diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial (p<0,001), diabetes mellitus (p=0,006), osteoporose (p=0,003) e densitometria óssea (p=0,031).Conclusão: O estudo concluiu que o consumo de medicamentos foi elevado entre as idosas. Além disso, um maior consumo de medicamentos foi associado ao diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e osteoporose. Aqueles que consumiram um maior número de medicamentos, procuraram tratamento médico privado e visitaram um médico três ou mais vezes por ano.
The Influence of Specialized Physical Education Program for Students with Health Issues
Authors: Thuc Dao Chanh
Published: March 2019

This study, the aim is to improve the School's Physical education process through the application of the Physical education program to students with health problems for a year. Its Influence is followed through changes, arising in heart rate after performing a therapeutic complex with kinesi. It is applied at the beginning and end (Tests I and II) of the study is carried out and consists of 32 exercises, divided into three parts: Prepare with general exercises, Main sections with a combination of lessons from different physical education subjects, coordinating with key groups established with students and the final section.

We examined the pulse rate as a reliable indicator for the level of motor suitability of a certain individual, as well as for the absence of training effect of the systematic activities with the program “Physical education for Students with Health Issues”.

The kinesiotherapy complex is accurately dosage and conducted, which is indicative from the raising of the physiological curve; it can be performed by all students, regardless of their disease and it may be used for entry or exit testing (Bozhkova A, et al. 2017).

The training of students in specialized programs has positively affected them in the following directions:

- Achievements are changes in position function in the operation of the cardiovascular system of students, expressed by heart rate;

- Increasing is the vitality that stimulates the recovery process, normalizes the reaction to increase the tolerance of the organism;

- Improving circulation of separate agencies and systems;

- Increase the physical ability of the whole organism;

- Adjust the emotional state: provide energy, soothe, relax and relieve stress.
Pengaruh Hidrolisis Fukoidan terhadap Aktivitasnya sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Sinurat Ellya , Maulida Nurun Nisa
Published: March 2019

Fukoidan merupakan jenis heteropolisakarida yang terdiri dari fukosa dan gugus ester sulfat sebagai penyusun utamanya. Salah satu sumber fukoidan adalah rumput laut cokelat. Telah dilakukan isolasi fukoidan dari rumput laut cokelat Sargassum crassifolium yang diperoleh dari Lampung Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hidrolisis fukoidan terhadap aktivitasnya sebagai antioksidan. Ekstraksi fukoidan menggunakan HCl 0,1 N. Selanjutnya proses optimasi hidrolisis fukoidan menggunakan TFA 1,5 M dengan variasi waktu 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit pada suhu 121 oC. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik  gugus fungsi crude fukoidan dan fukoidan hasil hidrolisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR). Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi fukoidan yang meliputi uji total polisakarida dan uji kadar sulfat. Uji antioksidan fukoidan dilakukan dengan metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate  (DPPH). Diperoleh rendemen fukoidan sebesar 23,82% dari berat rumput laut kering, total polisakarida dari crude fukoidan sebesar 50,69% dan kadar sulfatnya sebesar 19,44%. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh waktu optimum hidrolisis fukoidan yaitu selama 90 menit dengan total polisakarida dan kandungan sulfatnya masing-masing 43,56% dan 13,09%. Diperoleh nilai IC50 crude fucoidan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan semua hasil hidrolisis fukoidan.
Remix Multilingualism. Hip Hop, Ethnography and Performing Marginalized Voices, Quentin Williams (2017)
Authors: Flores Ohlson Linda
Published: February 2019

Remix Multilingualism. Hip Hop, Ethnography and Performing Marginalized VoicesQuentin Williams (2017)London, Oxford, New York, New Delhi, and Sydney: Bloomsbury AcademicISBN: 978-1-4725-9111-1 (HB). Pp. 264ISBN: 978-1-4725-9114-2 (ePDF)ISBN: 978-1-4725-9113-5 (ePub)
The Basic Forms of Existence and Tendencies of “Power-Knowledge” Development
Authors: Dimitrova Svetlana , Khatsenko Aleksandr
Published: March 2019

The subject of the study is "power-knowledge" as a universal force serving as the basis for the formation of institutionalized forms of domination, cognitive and value norms, communication channels and behavior styles. The authors prove that the dynamic unity of knowledge and power has led to rapid changes in power relations, which allowed to identify periods and specific forms of existence of power. The main stages of the evolution of "power-knowledge" are the domination of objective norms, discursive and symbolic forms of power. The research investigates the change of forms of control: consideration of domination of objective norms as a condition for efficiency (success) of actions allowed to make transition from external supervision to self-control. The emergence of the next stage of the transformation of "power-knowledge" is due to the rapid development of knowledge, the ability to store and transmit increasing amount of information. Power being realized in the organization of information and financial communication flows seeks to control the processes of development, the dynamics of social systems. The power of discourse is manifested in the fact that in the process of formation of sign-symbolic systems, methods of information transferring, the construction of reality takes place. Power internalizes a certain order exerting influence on consciousness of people through symbolic systems, language grammatical norms, styles of knowledge. The peculiarity of symbolic power is a high degree of self-determination. Power exists in the system produced by its symbols not seeking to represent the interests of social groups. Power becomes a universal, impersonal force (code, discourse) located in the stream of symbols and codes. The essential difference of symbolic power is that it is not representative and continuously alters the "world view" in which a person lives. The main conclusion of the study is that the democracy and humanity of forms of manifestation of power are associated with the ubiquity of the spread and the emergence of total forms of enslavement. The domination of objective norms is aimed at producing a certain type of person; discourse constructs reality, symbolic power acts as a self-sufficient force, in which a person is forced to continuously seek ways to survive in a transforming world.
The Structure of Urban Identity of the Volgograd Youth
Authors: Ozerina Anna
Published: March 2019

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the structure of urban identity of young people. The relevance of the study is due to the fragmentary scientific knowledge of the concept of urban identity and the significant role of this phenomenon for the competent formation of the brand and image of the city. The practical implication of the study is mediated by the influence of the content and specificity of the formation of urban identity on the idea of a person's psychological and economic well-being within a certain place of residence, satisfaction with the quality of life, the level of tolerance and the characteristics of migration behavior. We based the empirical study on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection revealing the semantic nature of the phenomenon of identity. The ratio and content of the main components of urban identity was measured with the help of questionnaires and psycho-semantic methods: the method "Who I am" by M. Kuhn and T. Mcpartland in the adaptation of T.V. Rumyantseva; method of writing compositions on the theme "My city"; a technique of unfinished sentences; questionnaire for collecting factual data, including the factors according to M. Lalli. The data obtained we processed through content analysis and descriptive statistics. As a result, the author described the main components of urban identity in the indigenous, living in Volgograd since birth, and nonindigenous residents of Volgograd – cognitive, emotional, motivational and behavioral. We also analyzed the content of the image of the city presented mainly in the minds of the Volgograd youth by the historical heritage of the city and its attractions; defined the attitude to the city, including feelings of different modality – from pride to resentment and anger; stated the features of migration behavior with contradictory content. The results can be taken into account both in the practice of social support of migrants, in the creation of programs of Patriotic education of young people, and in the process of creating a competent brand of Volgograd.
Modern Market Social Services: the Experience of Regional Studies
Authors: Nikolenko Nataliya , Serova Yana
Published: March 2019

The study investigates the changes taking place in the domestic market of social services expressed in the appearance of "new players" in the form of socially oriented non-profit organizations (SO NPO) within its field in addition to public institutions for social protection and social services of the population. The authors identify the advantages and disadvantages of SO NGO compared to government organizations and social services, describe the processes of shadow economy expansion to the social services market and formation of regional "quasi-markets". The empirical part of the article is based on the data of two studies conducted in the form of indepth interviews. First, with experts on "Practices of interaction and prospects of cooperation between NPO and government organizations of social services in the Volgograd region", N = 52 (27 representatives of the public sector, 25 representatives of NPO, January-March 2018). Then with recipients of social services from government organizations and clients of SO NPO on the theme "Availability and quality of paid and free social services provided in the Volgograd region for retiring aged women" N = 46, 60 years and older (21 people-clients of SO NPO, 25 people-recipients of social services. services, October 2017 – January 2018). The analysis of these in-depth interviews with experts allowed to draw the following conclusions. There is a duplication of functions of the organizations of public and non-public sectors providing social services to the population. The activities of modern SO NPO operating in the social services market contain innovative and commercial components. The expansion of the "platform" of the social services market does not yet lead to full competition between organizations, encouraging them to constantly improve the quality of services. The analysis of in-depth interviews with recipients of social services from government organizations and customers of SO NPO showed that the commercialization of activities of SO NPO does not make social services more accessible to those who are in need of them. There is the necessity of changes in the way social services are being provided in the Volgograd region as they do not meet the needs of women of retirement age, do not take into account their level of income and material well-being.
Awareness of Social Entrepreneurship Among the Public and Small Businesses: Regional Aspect
Authors: Poltavskaya Mariya
Published: March 2019

The article reveals the study of awareness of social entrepreneurship among Volgograd citizens and representatives of small and medium-sized businesses of the Volgograd region. The authors specify the data of the eight-year all-Russian monitoring of public opinion of the Russians about social entrepreneurship, which show the lack of awareness of the Russians about social entrepreneurship. The empirical part of the article presents the data of two studies. First, the results of a mass formalized interview conducted in March-April 2018, N = 655 people aged 18 years and older, the sample quota representing the sex and age composition of inner-city areas of Volgograd. Secondly, a mass formalized survey of 804 small and medium-sized entrepreneurs from 6 urban districts and 32 municipal districts of the Volgograd region, conducted in January-April 2018 by the Volgograd center for protection and development of business "Delo" with the support of the Department of Sociology of Volgograd State University. The data of the survey of the population of Volgograd as a whole repeat the trends identified by the all-Russian monitoring. The survey reveals that the awareness depends on age: the younger the Respondent, the more informed he is about social entrepreneurship. The type of activity affects awareness: twice as informed state and municipal employees, studying entrepreneurs, less aware are workers of large industrial enterprises, the unemployed, housewives. The level of material well-being affects awareness, one in five is informed among the better-off, one in twenty among the destitute. The gender of the Respondent has little impact on the level of awareness. In the mass consciousness of the population of Volgograd there is no well-formed idea of social entrepreneurship, its interpretation is implied in different meanings – from commercial activities to free aid, innovations are not correlated with social entrepreneurship. Among small and medium-sized entrepreneurs of the Volgograd region there is no clearly formed idea of social entrepreneurship, it was difficult to determine for more than a quarter of the respondents. Having regard to the above the author concluds that the development of social entrepreneurship is possible only with the support of the government, legislative registration of the status of social entrepreneur, tax and property preferences.
Community Music Therapy and Participatory Performance
Authors: Mitchell Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

This case study research explores the impact of a musical performance event—the Coffee House—held bi-annually at an adolescent mental health treatment facility in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Any client or staff member is welcomed to perform at this event, which is organized by the facility’s music therapist and framed here as an example of community music therapy. Drawing upon Turino’s (2008) ethnomusicological perspective on performance, I will argue that the Coffee House’s success within this context is due to its participatory ethos, wherein success is primarily defined by the act of participation. Here, performance takes place within an inclusive and supportive atmosphere in which participants can overcome anxiety, engage in the risk-taking of performance, and experience increased self-efficacy and confidence. This ethos also naturally affords a “levelling” of institutional relationship dynamics. Resonant with Aigen’s (2004) vision that “performances as community music therapy can forge a new type of art, one that creates meaning and invites participation” (p. 211), the Coffee House exemplifies the ways in which the values within participatory settings are indeed different and new in comparison to presentational settings that are the norm in Western society.
A Pilot Study Investigating Research Design Feasibility Using Pre-post Measures to Test the Effect of Music Therapy in Psychiatry with People Diagnosed with Personality Disorders
Authors: Hannibal Niels , Nygaard Pedersen Inge , Bonde Lars Ole , Bertelsen Lars Rye
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The objectives of the pilot study were (a) to investigate the feasibility of the research design (referral procedure, data collection procedure, measurement tools, and treatment doses/frequency); (b) to develop and evaluate the PROMT treatment manual; and (c) to test the use of flexible and or multiple interventions as part of the treatment options. Findings from this investigation aim to prepare for a future outcome study of music therapy treatments for patients with personality disorders, that are inspired by analytically oriented music psychotherapy and mentalization-based treatment.

Methods: Four participants assessed and diagnosed with personality disorder received 40 sessions of individual music therapy. Pre and post measures of outcome variables looking at attachment style, helping alliance, symptom severity, interpersonal problems, and quality of life were evaluated for inclusion in the design. Interviews with clinicians were used to further evaluate the manual.

Results: All participants completed treatment. Outcome measurement provided usable information and also showed some positive changes in the four cases. The research design was found to be usable for a larger study. The treatment manual was evaluated as usable, but specification on how to use mentalization-based treatment in music-based interventions is required in a future manual.

Discussion: In light of the current findings, we discuss several factors relevant to a possible future outcome study, including the research design, theoretical model, and specific elements of the treatment manual. We also discuss the potential of using flexible and/or multiple interventions as part of the treatment options. We conclude that integration of mentalization-based treatment into music therapy seems promising, but further development of the treatment manual is needed.
Hesitant Empathy: Sun Baoxuan's Diary and Approaches to Reading Fiction in Late Qing China
Authors: He Wang , Jin Wen
Published: March 2019

ON THE TWENTY-FIFTH DAY OF THE FIFTH MONTH OF 1903, SUN BAOXUAN—A SCHOLAR-OFFICIAL IN LATE QING DYNASTY CHINA—documented in his diary that he had acquired a copy of the periodical 新小說(Xin xiaoshuo;“he New Novel”), founded by Liang Qichao in 1902 to propagate translated fiction and new Chinese fiction. Immediately drawn to the stories and novels it carried, Sun soon concluded that Western fiction had the unique strength of imparting knowledge and expanding rational capacity: 「觀西人政治 小說，可以悟政治原理；觀科學小說，可以通種種格物原理；觀包 探小說，可以覘西國人情土俗及其居心之險詐詭變，有非我國所 能及者」 (“Political novels teach us principles of politics; scientific novels teach us theories of things; detective novels show us Western customs and treachery, which often surpass ours”; 690). Immersed in a culture where vernacular novels had been suppressed by official censorship and prejudice among the elites, Sun ardently embraced translated fiction. By contrast, vernacular Chinese novels, with few exceptions, seemed to him routinely 「陳腐」 (“decadent”), providing no more than 「排遣」 (“diversion and entertainment”; 677, 690) The perceived rationality of Western fiction gave him a sudden license to seriously engage with a genre that the literary culture in China continued to exclude well into the twentieth century. Sun's encounter with foreign fiction marked the early stage of a somewhat bumpy adventure. In later sections of the diary, Sun documents reading sentimental strains of translated fiction and the more ambiguous responses they incited in him.
Chemical clogging of granular media under acidic groundwater conditions
Authors: Indraratna Buddhima , Medawela Subhani Kanchanamala , Athuraliya Senura , Heitor Ana , Baral Pankaj
Published: March 2019

Generation of acidic groundwater attributed to pyrite oxidation in low-lying acid sulfate soil has caused substantial damage to the soil-water environment and civil infrastructure in coastal Australia. The installation of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) is a frontier technology in the field of acid neutralisation and removal of toxic heavy metal cations – for example, soluble iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al). This study aims to assess the potential of limestone (calcite) aggregates as the PRB’s main reactive material in low-lying pyritic land. During long-term laboratory column experiments, a significant capacity of limestone for removing contaminant chemical species was observed. Nevertheless, the formation of secondary mineral precipitates upon geochemical reactivity within the granular media in the PRB caused armouring and chemical clogging, which diminished the rate of reactivity – that is, the treatment capacity of calcite aggregates – mainly at the entrance zone of the porous media. Flow properties were altered due to blockage of pores; for instance, hydraulic conductivity was reduced by 25% at the inlet zone. Non-homogeneous clogging towards the outlet was analysed, and the time-dependent effect on the longevity of a limestone column was studied and quantified.
Cement-improved lake bed sedimentary soil for road construction
Authors: Chompoorat Thanakorn , Maikhun Thacchai , Likitlersuang Suched
Published: March 2019

Phayao Lake, the largest lake in the north of Thailand, supplies water for consumption and irrigation in the region. Currently, the lake is faced with serious problems as it is becoming shallow with a consequent decrease in the volume of water. Every year the local government invests a lot of resources to dredge and pump the lake bed of sediments. However, it is difficult to find suitable landfill areas to dump such large quantities of sedimentary soil. The purpose of this study was to improve the engineering properties of sedimentary soil using Portland cement for possible use in road construction. The sedimentary soils were mixed with cement in a 3–10% proportion by weight. The strength and durability of the improved soil were examined using unconfined compression and durability tests, respectively. A long-term strength improvement was observed and well-fitted to a power function. Soil−cement losses due to multiple wet−dry cycles were examined by means of durability tests. Finally, suitable cement percentages for sediment improvement are suggested to achieve the requirements for road base and subbase materials.
Crack extension resistance of concrete at low temperatures
Authors: Hu Shaowei , Fan Bing
Published: March 2019

The process of determining crack extension resistance curves (KR curves) associated with the cohesive stress distribution for the complete fracture process of a three-point bending concrete beam at low temperatures from 20°C to −40°C is presented in this paper. A total of 32 concrete beams were divided into two groups, based on different ages, 28 d and 120 d. The KR curves were calculated from curves of load against crack mouth opening displacement obtained from test results of the concrete beams at low temperatures by considering the variation of the fracture process zone length. The weight function approach was used to replace numerical integration techniques to improve the computational efficiency. The calculation results show that the KR curves became higher with decreasing temperature and that the fracture process zone length had a significant influence on the KR curves. The stability of the KR curve and the influence of temperature on the fracture process zone length were also analysed.