bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A sequential acid-base mechanism in the interstellar medium: The emergence of cis-formic acid in dark molecular clouds
Authors: García de la Concepción J. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Corchado J. C. , Molpeceres G. , Martínez-Henares A. , Rivilla V. M. , Colzi L. , Martín-Pintado J.
Published: April 2023

Context. The different abundance ratios between isomers of an organic molecule observed in the interstellar medium (ISM) provide valuable information about the chemistry and physics of the gas and the history of molecular clouds. In this context, the origin of an abundance of cis-formic acid (c-HCOOH) of only 6% the trans isomer (t-HCOOH) abundance in cold cores remains unknown.

Aims. In this work, we aim to explain the presence of c-HCOOH in dark molecular clouds through the destruction and back formation of c-HCOOH and t-HCOOH in a cyclic process that involves HCOOH and highly abundant molecules such as HCO+ and NH3.

Methods. We used high-level ab initio methods to compute the potential energy profiles for the cyclic destruction and formation routes of c-HCOOH and t-HCOOH. Accurate global rate constants and branching ratios are calculated based on the transition state theory and the master equation formalism under the typical conditions of the ISM.

Results. The destruction of HCOOH by reaction with HCO+ in the gas phase leads to three isomers of the cation HC(OH)2+. The most abundant cation can react in a second step with other abundant molecules of the ISM such as NH3 to form back c-HCOOH and t-HCOOH. This mechanism explains the formation of c-HCOOH in dark molecular clouds. Considering this mechanism, the fraction of c-HCOOH with respect t-HCOOH is 25.7%. To explain the 6% reported by the observations, we propose that further destruction mechanisms of the cations of HCOOH by collisions with abundant molecules or interconversion reactions on dust grains should be taken into account.

Conclusions. The sequential acid-base (SAB) mechanism proposed in this work involves fast processes with very abundant molecules in the ISM. Thus, HCOOH very likely suffers our proposed transformations in the conditions of dark molecular clouds such as B5 and L483. This is a new approach in the framework of the isomerism of organic molecules in the ISM, which has the potential to explain the ratio between isomers of organic molecules detected in the ISM.
Likelihood of the sky
Authors: Czesla S. , Schneider P. C. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Freund S. , Salvato M. , Buchner J. , Robrade J.
Published: April 2023

Catalogs with celestial positions and uncertainties are among the primary data products of observational astronomy. Consequently, the (cross-)matching problem, namely, the question of how many (and which) pairs of positions pertain to the same celestial source, remains a central part of this scientific exploitation. We address the matching problem for two catalogs from a purely geometric point of view by adopting the concept of point processes and nearest-neighbor distributions. Suitable expressions for the nearest-neighbor distributions were derived and used to model the distribution of spatial offsets in the sky. Thus, we are able to estimate a total number of matching pairs, along with individual matching probabilities between sources in any two catalogs of positions and uncertainties. We demonstrate the workings of the model using mock data and apply it to cross-matching the X-ray sources of the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth survey with opticalGaiacounterparts.
Ensuring balance reliability in managing the development of electric power systems with renewable energy sources
Authors: Chukreyev Iyrii
Published: April 2023

The issues of substantiating balance reliability - reserves of the generating power of the EPS in the presence of renewal power in the standpoint of achieving the required normative indicators of balance reliability and the execution planned volumes of electricity generation at the wind power plants (WPP) and solar power plants (SPP) in the balance sheet. The results of substantiation reservation tools are given for various scenarios for the development of SPP and WPP both in power and the production of electricity.
Wide area monitoring, protection, automation, and control systems for medium voltage networks
Authors: Piskunov Sergey A. , Mokeev Alexey V. , Ulyanov Dmitry N. , Khromtsov Evgeny I.
Published: April 2023

Distribution medium voltage networks have a branched structure, many power centers, longcable and overhead lines. This complicates the process of their automation, since significant capital costs for new equipment are required. New solutions based on modern technologies can help speed up this process and make it more efficient. The authors propose the use of synchronized phasor measurement technology for automating medium voltage networks. This paper considers approaches that describe the possibilities of implementing the WAMPAC principles in such networks, provides several examples where these principles apply.
Methods for the Formation of Calculation Models of Electric Power Systems in the Adequacy Assessment Problem
Authors: Krupenev Dmitry , Belyaev Nikolay , Boyarkin Denis
Published: April 2023

The article deals with the problem of generating calculation models (CM) of electric power systems (EPS) into reliability zones, designed to perform calculations of adequacy assessment indicators. The substantiation of the depth of detail of the CM is based on taking into account two properties of the EPS: reliability, namely, on the basis of calculated estimates of the limits of applicability of deterministic and probabilistic reliability and efficiency criteria, namely, on the basis of a comparison of cost estimates of measures to ensure reliability. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use a number of so-called engineering algorithms, which take into account the reliability and efficiency of the EPS. The experimental part presents the results of applying the proposed algorithms for the formation of the CM analyzed by the EPS.
Analysis of energy security threats based on semantic and linear optimization models of the fuel and energy complex development
Authors: Pyatkova Natalia , Massel Alexey
Published: April 2023

The article proposes the use of semantic models and linear optimization models for the analysis of energy security threats and justification of emergency situations in the event of threats, as well as the integration of mathematical and semantic (on the example of cognitive) modeling for the study of energy security problems. Also to study the energy security problems a two-level technology is proposed that integrates the stages of qualitative analysis (using semantic modeling tools) and quantitative analysis (using linear economic and mathematical models and traditional software systems).
Influence of the consumer to power quality at the point of connection
Authors: Bobojanov Makhsud , Mahmutkhonov Sultonkhuja
Published: April 2023

This article is devoted to the development of a method for assessing the impact of consumers on the deterioration of the quality of electricity in the power supply system by using equivalent circuits. When developing a method for assessing the impact of the consumer on the quality of electricity, the main factors from the electromagnetic compatibility criteria were taken into account. A method has been developed for assessing the work of a consumer in terms of voltage quality at a common connection point, which was verified using the equivalent circuit method, using the developed method, it is possible qualitatively and quantitatively assess the impact of each consumer on the emergence unacceptable voltage higher harmonic.
Current source converter into stabilized voltage source based on electromagnetic ferromagnetic circuit
Authors: Ruzinazarov M.R.
Published: April 2023

The article considers a series ferroresonant circuit connected in parallel with a linear capacitance, having an “N” - shaped current-voltage characteristic with a wide zone of the incident section. By compensating this section with a linear inductance characteristic connected in series with the resulting circuit, it is possible to create a device that converts a current source into a stabilized voltage source.
Effect of annealing on photo-physical properties of BiI3 thin films via vacuum thermal evaporation deposition for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Zarchi Ali Karimi , Behjat Abbas , Bioki Hojjat Amrollahi
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a simple thermal evaporation deposition (TED) method is used to obtain high-quality bismuth triiodide (BiI3) films on FTO substrate using BiI3 powder as an evaporation source. The effects of annealing on the X-ray diffraction analysis and some optical parameters of BiI3 thin films were investigated. The results show that the annealing temperature on the BiI3 thin film has a great influence on the preferred orientation of the films. When the annealing temperature is 100 °C, for a deposition thickness of 400 nm, the thin films have high crystallinity and rhombohedral morphology. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed high special resolution of BiI3 thin films. UV–Vis transmission spectra have been recorded to determine the optical band-gap of BiI3 films prepared by TED. The obtained data reveal that the indirect optical band-gap of BiI3 thin films decreases from about 1.7 to 1.6 eV, while the Urbach tail width decreases from 484 to 236 meV, by annealing. We discuss the outstanding annealing effect on photo-physical characterizations of BiI3 thin film as a candidate solar cell absorber such as lead-free perovskite solar cells.
Investigation of the relationship between porosity and luminescent properties of porous silicon
Authors: Lenshin Alexander S. , Peshkov Yaroslav A. , Chernousova Olga V. , Kannykin Sergey V. , Minakov Dmitry A.
Published: April 2023

In this work, we obtained porous silicon with different porosity by electrochemical etching and studied their photoluminescence. Two well-known photoluminescence mechanisms of porous silicon related to the composition and morphology of the surface have been discovered, and it has been established at what porosity values they prevail. It is shown that an increase in the porosity index leads to an increase in the intensity of photoluminescence.
An experimental method for determining the service life and reliability of the CNC lathe main spindle bearing assembly
Authors: Pham Van Hung , Minh Tam Pham , Nguyen Thuy Duong
Published: April 2023

The main spindle bearing assembly (MSBA) plays an important role in the quality and service life of CNC machine tools and industrial equipment. The MSBA is usually evaluated based on the allowable wear or the stiffness independently combined with the vibration characteristics. Therefore, it is very important to determine the service life of MSBA when the wear reaches the allowable value, and the stiffness is reduced to the allowable value. This paper studies the simultaneous relationship of wear, stiffness, and vibration characteristics of MSBA in a CNC lathe. The results show that the service life of MSBA is different when evaluated based on each criterion (wear or stiffness). The stiffness of the MSBA is reduced to the allowable limit [J] = 200 N/μm with a Root Mean Square (RMS) value of about 5.75 mm/s2. The wear of the MSBA reaches the allowable limit [δa] = 5 μm with an RMS value of about 4.5 mm/s2. The life of MSBA calculated according to the stiffness criterion is about 1.18 times higher than that calculated based on the wear criterion. The average life of MSBA with standard lubrication according to the wear criterion reaches ∼15,799 h and RMS reaches ∼2.4508 mm/s2.
Von einer enterovesikalen Fistel zum Mammakarzinom
Authors: Comploj Evi , Hanspeter Esther , Bonatti Matteo , Palermo Salvatore , Mazzucato Giovanni , Pycha Armin , Trenti Emanuela
Published: April 2023

Wir berichten über den Fall einer 83-jährigen Patientin, die unter dem Verdacht einer enterovesikalen Fistel hospitalisiert und operiert wurde und schlussendlich die Diagnose eines intestinal metastasierten Mammakarzinoms erhielt.
Vaginal Progesterone Is Associated with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Tsur Abraham , Leonard Stephanie A. , Kan Peiyi , Datoc Imee A. , Girsen Anna I. , Shaw Gary M. , Stevenson David K. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Druzin Maurice L. , Blumenfeld Yair J.
Published: April 2023

Objective The frequency of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) peaks during the third trimester of pregnancy when plasma progesterone levels are the highest. Furthermore, twin pregnancies are characterized by higher progesterone levels than singletons and have a higher frequency of cholestasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous progestogens administered for reducing the risk of spontaneous preterm birth may increase the risk of cholestasis. Utilizing the large IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, we investigated the frequency of cholestasis in patients treated with vaginal progesterone or intramuscular 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate for the prevention of preterm birth.

Study Design We identified 1,776,092 live-born singleton pregnancies between 2010 and 2014. We confirmed second and third trimester administration of progestogens by cross-referencing the dates of progesterone prescriptions with the dates of scheduled pregnancy events such as nuchal translucency scan, fetal anatomy scan, glucose challenge test, and Tdap vaccination. We excluded pregnancies with missing data regarding timing of scheduled pregnancy events or progesterone treatment prescribed only during the first trimester. Cholestasis of pregnancy was identified based on prescriptions for ursodeoxycholic acid. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted (for maternal age) odds ratios for cholestasis in patients treated with vaginal progesterone, and in patients treated with 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate compared with those not treated with any type of progestogen (the reference group).

Results The final cohort consisted of 870,599 pregnancies. Among patients treated with vaginal progesterone during the second and third trimester, the frequency of cholestasis was significantly higher than the reference group (0.75 vs. 0.23%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.23–4.49). In contrast, there was no significant association between 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and cholestasis (0.27%, aOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.58–2.16)

Conclusion Using a robust dataset, we observed that vaginal progesterone but not intramuscular 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate was associated with an increased risk for ICP.

Key Points
Alteration of Lipid Profile Between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and
Well-Matched Controls: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Chen Yun , Ren Bingxuan , He Yanhong , Li Fan , Wang Lingbo , Wan Siyuan , Liu Lixiang , Shen Hongmei
Published: April 2023

In previous studies, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been associated with
altered lipid profiles. However, since the discrepancy between these study
results may reside in the great heterogeneity of the populations studied, this
relationship is controversial. This study aimed to explore the changes in total
cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) between subclinical
hypothyroidism (SCH) and well-matched euthyroid (EU) groups. Multiple databases
were searched for publications before December 1, 2021, including
cross-sectional studies on the association between SCH and lipid profile matched
by age, gender, and BMI. Twenty-five articles with 3347 participants were
included for meta-analysis. The results showed that the TC, TG, and LDL-c levels
of the SCH groups were higher than the EU groups (TC, SMD=0.49,
95% CI 0.27, 0.71, p<0.001) (TG, SMD=0.43, 95%
CI 0.21, 0.64, p<0.05 ) (LDL-c, SMD=0.75, 95% CI 0.46,
1.03, p<0.001 ). The HDL-c levels of the SCH group were lower than the
control group (SMD=–0.53, 95% CI –0.81,
–0.25, p<0.05). SCH has a larger impact on LDL-c than the other
three indicators. After subgroup analyses, there was a larger impact on lipid
alteration in the subgroup of TSH>10 μIU/ml, especially
on LDL-c. This study found that SCH was associated with altered lipid profiles.
Appropriate clinical treatment may be needed to prevent dyslipidemia and related
diseases.
Borylative Difunctionalization of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Using Borylcopper Species
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki
Published: April 2023

This account summarizes the Cu-catalyzed borylative functionalizations of unsaturated hydrocarbons that we have developed over the past decade. First, we focus on the regioselective hydroboration of unsymmetrical internal alkynes and 1,2-dienes. Secondly, a borylative allyl–allyl coupling using 1,2-dienes, B2pin2, and an allyl phosphate is presented. Thirdly, we introduce the boroacylation and boroformylation of 1,2-dienes by using an acid anhydride or formate, respectively, as the electrophile. Lastly, we describe the synthesis of 2-boryl-1,3-butadienes and cyclic allylborates. These reactions offer a versatile method for synthesizing a broad range of useful compounds and also provide a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism, which could lead to the development of catalysts that are both more efficient and more selective.

1 Introduction

2 Hydroboration of Alkynes

3 Hydroboration of 1,2-Dienes and 1,3-Dienes

4 Synthesis of 2-Boryl-1,3-butadienes

5 Boroallylation of 1,2-Dienes

6 Boroacylation of 1,2-Dienes

7 Boroformylation of 1,2-Dienes and 1,3-Dienes

8 Synthesis of Cyclic Allylborates

9 Conclusion and Outlook
Novel Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine Dyes for Color Photoresists
Authors: Chen Pengzhong , Wang Wanying , Yao Qichao , Xu Runfeng , Wang Ankang , Peng Xiaojun
Published: April 2023

Color photoresists are the key materials for the fabrication of color filters (CFs). Organic dyes offer a promising alternative to the conventional pigment-based system to make CFs with higher resolution. However, the stability of dye molecules is an urgent problem to be solved. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of highly stable zinc phthalocyanine dyes containing polymerizable acrylamide groups. Upon light exposure, dense and insoluble network structures were formed in the prepared CFs, which increase the thermal stability and anti-migration capacity of these dyes.
Electrochemical Cyclization of Hydrazones and Amidines To Access Trisubstituted 1,2,4-Triazoles
Authors: Tang Dong , Jiang Rui , Mu Yangxiu , Hou Jing , Wan Yaya , Hong Yu , Yang Zhixiang
Published: April 2023

A KI-mediated electrochemical method has been developed for the synthesis of trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles from easily accessible hydrazones and amidines derivatives. The protocol provides various aryl and alkyl 1,2,4-triazoles in moderate to good yields with good functional-group tolerance and without the need for any chemical oxidants in an undivided cell.
Solvent-Free Tandem Reaction of P(O)–OH and an Epichlorohydrocarbon for Controllable O-Alkylation through a Ring-Opening and Annulation Process
Authors: Yang Jia , Xu Qian , Luo Yi , Huang Yirui , Wang Zixuan , Chen Wenyu , Zhu Liang , Yuan Huihui , Wang Shuai , Zhong Hong
Published: April 2023

We report an efficient additive- and solvent-free O-alkylation of P(O)–OH compounds with epichlorohydrocarbons for the synthesis of epoxy-group-containing phosphinates. The transformation proceeds through a tandem reaction involving ring-opening and annulation processes. The ring-opened products and dechlorinated products can be obtained selectively by controlling the reaction conditions. This protocol is expected to be useful in industry because it is readily scaled up to a gram level and involves simple posttreatment.
Recare und Thieme Intensivieren Zusammenarbeit: Entlassmanagement der Zukunft
Authors: Schindler Carola
Published: April 2023

Seit 2017 sind Kliniken dazu verpflichtet, einen nahtlosen Übergang ihrer Patient*innen in die Nachversorgung sicherzustellen. Das bindet Personal und kostet Zeit. Digitale Lösungen unterstützen Krankenhäuser dabei, ihr Entlassmanagement effizient und patientenorientiert zu gestalten. Die Kooperation von Recare und Thieme zeigt neue Möglichkeiten auf.
Exploring the factors affecting the implementation of corporate social responsibility from a strategic perspective
Authors: Wu Chao-Chan , Cheng Fei-Chun , Sheh Dong-Yu
Published: April 2023

In general, the objective of a company is to pursue higher returns for its shareholders. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an ethical practice that seems to be contrary to the objectives of companies; as a result, companies lack sufficient motivation to implement CSR. Academics and practitioners have recently begun considering CSR from a strategic perspective. However, the definition and scope of strategic CSR have not been clearly defined or discussed in previous studies. This study uses the strategic triangle perspective as a theoretical basis to explore the key factors affecting the implementation of strategic CSR. Three main factors and ten sub-factors were summarized to form a hierarchical network structure based on a literature review. The weights of each factor and sub-factor were then prioritized using the analytic network process (ANP). The results of this study show that “company” is the most important main factor, while “corporate image”, “innovation ability”, “reputation risk”, “financial capacity”, and “investment intention” are the top five important sub-factors. The hierarchical network structure and critical factors suggested in this study contribute to implementing strategic CSR. The findings of this study will also help the theoretical development in the field of CSR.
Examining the superiority of the Sharpe single-index model of portfolio selection: A study of the Indian mid-cap sector
Authors: Mistry Janki , Khatwani Ritesh Ashok
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the article was to examine the superiority and efficacy of Sharpe’s single-index model of portfolio optimisation. The study has attempted to build an optimal portfolio of Indian mid-cap companies using William Sharpe’s single-index model. The methodology is also known as the Market model. A portfolio was selected from the Nifty mid-cap 100 index of the NSE. MS-Excel 365 has been used for the analysis. The optimal portfolio returns during the fixed period of analysis were compared with the returns of the benchmark market portfolio. The return of the optimal portfolio using Sharpe’s model was found to be considerably higher than the benchmark market portfolio and the risk of the same was found to be much lower. Hence it could be established that in the five years of the study period, the optimal portfolio outperformed the benchmark market portfolio—the Nifty mid-cap 100 index. The selected optimal portfolio was also found to be well diversified comprising 11 securities and eight sectors. The limitation of this model is that it was based on historical data and hence, in case of extreme market conditions, the optimal portfolio could fail to give superior returns. Sharpe’s model resolves most of the technical difficulties of the earlier portfolio models and can very well be used by individual investors as well as portfolio managers worldwide to build optimal portfolios. The study has focussed on the mid-cap sector which is riskier than the large-cap sector. This is one of the first studies which has shown the efficacy of the single-index model for mid-cap companies in India.
Revision of the tropical genus Diplacrum (Cyperaceae: Bisboeckelereae) in Australia
Authors: Wilson Karen L. , Barrett Russell L.
Published: April 2023

Two new dwarf species of Diplacrum are described from tropical Australia: Diplacrum blakei K.L.Wilson & R.L.Barrett and D. latzii K.L.Wilson & R.L.Barrett. Diplacrum is the only genus in Cyperaceae tribe Bisboeckelereae occurring in Australia. Historically, it has been confused with Scleria (Tribe Sclerieae). Descriptions are provided for all four Australian species, as well as a generic description and a key to Australian and three additional Malesian and South-East Asian species. Brief comments are made about the species in Africa, the tropical Americas and India.
An improved spatio-temporal clustering method for extracting fire footprints based on MCD64A1 in the Daxing’anling Area of north-eastern China
Authors: Su Huiyi , Ma Xiu , Li Mingshi
Published: April 2023

Background Understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics associated with a wildfire event is essential for projecting a clear profile of its potential ecological influences. Aims To develop a reliable framework to extract fire footprints from MODIS-based burn products to facilitate the understanding of fire event evolution. Methods This study integrated the Jenks natural breaks classification method and the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm to extract the fire footprints in Daxing’anling region of China between 2001 and 2006 from MCD64A1 burned area data. Key results The results showed that the fire footprints extracted by the model gained an overall accuracy of 80% in spatial and temporal domains after an intensive validation by using the historical fire records provided by the local agency. The agreement of burned area between the extracted fire patches and the historical fire records for those matched fire points was characterised by an overall determination coefficient R2 at 0.91. Conclusions The proposed framework serves as an efficient and convenient wildfire management tool for areas requiring large-scale and long-term wildfire monitoring. Implications The current framework can be used to create a reliable large-scale fire event database by providing an important alternative for the improvement of field investigation.
Understanding private supplementary tutoring: metaphors, diversities and agendas for shadow education research (Comprendiendo las clases particulares complementarias: metáforas, variedades y agendas para la investigación sobre educación en la sombra)
Authors: Bray Mark
Published: April 2023

In the academic literature, private supplementary tutoring is widely called shadow education because much of its content mimics that of schooling. The author of this paper wrote the first global study of the phenomenon, which was published in 1999 and set the agenda for much subsequent research. The present paper considers research emphases over the decades, noting strengths and gaps. Much initial and ongoing research has focused on economic and social implications of shadow education. Global, regional and national mapping has particularly highlighted cultural contexts and implications for social inequalities. However, inadequate attention has focused on pedagogical and psychological issues. Fitting the theme of the special issue of the journal in which the paper is included, the commentary gives particular attention to teaching, learning and development. It presents multiple levels of analysis to stress the value of, and relationships between, macro, meso and micro perspectives. The paper also highlights the value of quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches for more complete understanding of dynamics in particular settings and suggests some specific themes for future research.
Seipin concentrates distinct neutral lipids via interactions with their acyl chain carboxyl esters
Authors: Renne Mike F. , Corey Robin A. , Ferreira Joana Veríssimo , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Carvalho Pedro
Published: April 2023

Lipid droplets (LDs) are essential for cellular lipid homeostasis by storing diverse neutral lipids (NLs), such as triacylglycerol (TAG), steryl esters (SE), and retinyl esters (RE). A proper assembly of TAG-containing LDs at the ER requires Seipin, a conserved protein often mutated in lipodystrophies. Here, we show that the yeast Seipin Sei1 and its partner Ldb16 also promote the storage of other NL in LDs. Importantly, this role of Sei1/Ldb16 is evolutionarily conserved as expression of human-Seipin restored normal SE-containing LDs in yeast Seipin mutants. As in the case of TAG, the formation of SE-containing LDs requires interactions between hydroxyl-residues in human Seipin or yeast Ldb16 with NL carboxyl esters. These findings provide a universal mechanism for Seipin-mediated LD formation and suggest a model for how Seipin distinguishes NLs from aliphatic phospholipid acyl chains in the center of the membrane bilayer.
Acousto-electric measurements at 2.5 GHz on graphene transferred onto YX128°-LiNbO3
Authors: Costanza Mario , La Spina Léa , Moreira Arthur De Sousa Lopes , Belharet Djaffar , Bartasyte Ausrine , Margueron Samuel
Published: April 2023

Surface acoustic wave delay lines with an operational frequency of 2.5 GHz have been designed to measure the acousto-electric transport of carriers in graphene transferred onto YX128°-LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate. The monolayer of graphene on LiNbO3 presented sheet resistance in the range of 733–1230 Ω/□ and ohmic contact resistance with gold of 1880 to 5200 Ωμm. The measurements with different interaction lengths on graphene bars have allowed the extraction of carrier absorption and mobility parameters from acousto-electric current. Graphene presented higher acousto-electronic interaction in the GHz range than previously reported values in the range of 100s MHz with carrier absorption losses of 109 m−1 and mobility for acoustically generated charges of 101 cm2V−1s−1.
Interior regularity for strong solutions to a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations
Authors: Duncan Jonah
Published: April 2023

We obtain local pointwise second derivative estimates for

W

2
,
p

W^{2,p}

-strong solutions to a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations on Euclidean domains, motivated by problems in conformal geometry.
A remark on the multi-dimensional compressible Euler system with damping in the 𝐿^{𝑝} critical Besov spaces
Authors: Xu Jiang , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: April 2023

We study the global-in-time well-posedness and relaxation limit of the compressible Euler system with damping in

L
p

L^p

-type critical Besov spaces. In comparison with the results obtained by Crin-Barat and Danchin [Pure Appl. Anal. 4 (2022), pp. 85–125; Math. Ann. 386 (2023), pp. 2159–2206], the more general pressure law satisfying

P
′

(

ρ
¯

)
>
0

P’(\bar {\rho })>0

is allowed. To achieve it, a new composition estimate is established in the

L
2

L^2

-

L
p

L^p

hybrid Besov spaces with explicit dependence on the threshold between high frequencies and low frequencies.
Categorical properties of reduction functors over non-positive DG-rings
Authors: Shaul Liran
Published: April 2023

Given a non-positive DG-ring

A
A

, associated to it are the reduction and coreduction functors

F
(
−
)
=

H

0

(
A
)

⊗
A

L

−

F(-) = \mathrm {H}^0(A)\otimes ^{\mathrm {L}}_A -

and
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper G left-parenthesis minus right-parenthesis equals normal upper R upper H o m Subscript upper A Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper H Superscript 0 Baseline left-parenthesis upper A right-parenthesis comma minus right-parenthesis">

G
(
−
)
=

R

Hom
A

⁡
(

H

0

(
A
)
,
−
)

G(-) = \mathrm {R}\operatorname {Hom}_A(\mathrm {H}^0(A),-)

, considered as functors

D

⁡
(
A
)
→

D

⁡
(

H

0

(
A
)
)

\operatorname {\mathsf {D}}(A) \to \operatorname {\mathsf {D}}(\mathrm {H}^0(A))

, as well as the forgetful functor

S
:

D

⁡
(

H

0

(
A
)
)
→

D

⁡
(
A
)

S:\operatorname {\mathsf {D}}(\mathrm {H}^0(A)) \to \operatorname {\mathsf {D}}(A)

. In this paper we carry a systematic study of the categorical properties of these functors. As an application, a new descent result for vanishing of

Ext
\operatorname {Ext}

and

Tor
\operatorname {Tor}

over ordinary commutative noetherian rings is deduced.
Loops and the activity of loop extrusion factors constrain chromatin dynamics
Authors: Bailey Mary Lou P. , Surovtsev Ivan , Williams Jessica F. , Yan Hao , Yuan Tianyu , Li Kevin , Duseau Katherine , Mochrie Simon G. J. , King Megan C.
Published: April 2023

The relationship between chromatin structure and dynamics is incompletely understood. Here experimental and computational approaches are combined to reveal that looping interactions impose constraints on chromatin mobility while the ATP-dependent INO80 chromatin remodeler plays an important role in energy-dependent chromatin dynamics.
Bullous pemphigoid and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: evaluation of clinical course and treatment response
Authors: Tzanani Ido , Tzachy-Suissa Inbar , Barzilai Aviv , Pavlotsky Felix , Lyakhovitsky Anna , Baum Sharon
Published: April 2023

Background

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is), drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), show a significant association with bullous pemphigoid (BP) development.

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical course and development of BP among patients with DM2 treated with DPP4is.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included all the patients with BP and comorbid DM2 who visited Sheba Medical Center during 2015−2020.

Results

Among 338 patients with BP, 153 were included in our study. In 92 patients, BP diagnosis was attributed to the use of DPP4is. The patients with DPP4i-associated BP had fewer neurological and cardiovascular comorbidities and higher blistered body surface area (BSA) at first presentation, with noticeable upper and lower limb involvement. These patients were younger and more responsive to treatment, with a greater reduction in their BSA score after 2 months of treatment.

Conclusions

The clinical features of patients with BP treated with DPP4is were initially more severe; however, during follow-up, a marked clinical improvement was noticed, especially among patients who had ceased the drug. Therefore, although withdrawal of the drug may not impose disease remission, it can alleviate the disease course and avert the need for treatment escalation.
Impact of Community-Wide Tuberculosis Active Case Finding and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing on Tuberculosis Trends in Malawi
Authors: Burke Rachael M , Nliwasa Marriott , Dodd Peter J , Feasey Helena R A , Khundi McEwen , Choko Augustine , Nzawa-Soko Rebecca , Mpunga James , Webb Emily L , Fielding Katherine , MacPherson Peter , Corbett Elizabeth L
Published: April 2023

Background

Tuberculosis case-finding interventions are critical to meeting World Health Organization End TB strategy goals. We investigated the impact of community-wide tuberculosis active case finding (ACF) alongside scale-up of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and care on trends in adult tuberculosis case notification rates (CNRs) in Blantyre, Malawi.

Methods

Five rounds of ACF for tuberculosis (1–2 weeks of leafleting, door-to-door enquiry for cough and sputum microscopy) were delivered to neighborhoods (“ACF areas”) in North-West Blantyre between April 2011 and August 2014. Many of these neighborhoods also had concurrent HIV testing interventions. The remaining neighborhoods in Blantyre City (“non-ACF areas”) provided a non-randomized comparator. We analyzed TB CNRs from January 2009 until December 2018. We used interrupted time series analysis to compare tuberculosis CNRs before ACF and after ACF, and between ACF and non-ACF areas.

Results

Tuberculosis CNRs increased in Blantyre concurrently with start of ACF for tuberculosis in both ACF and non-ACF areas, with a larger magnitude in ACF areas. Compared to a counterfactual where pre-ACF CNR trends continued during ACF period, we estimated there were an additional 101 (95% confidence interval [CI] 42 to 160) microbiologically confirmed (Bac+) tuberculosis diagnoses per 100 000 person-years in the ACF areas in 3 and a half years of ACF. Compared to a counterfactual where trends in ACF area were the same as trends in non-ACF areas, we estimated an additional 63 (95% CI 38 to 90) Bac + diagnoses per 100 000 person-years in the same period.

Conclusions

Tuberculosis ACF was associated with a rapid increase in people diagnosed with tuberculosis in Blantyre.
Information Delay of Significant Bloodstream Isolates and Patient Mortality: A Retrospective Analysis of 6225 Adult Patients With Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Fidalgo Berta , Morata Laura , Cardozo Celia , del Río Ana , Morales Javier , Fernández-Pittol Mariana , Martínez José Antonio , Mensa Josep , Vila Jordi , Soriano Alex , Casals-Pascual Climent
Published: April 2023

Background

Our aim in this study was to evaluate the clinical and prognostic impact of communicating microbiological information in real time for adult patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 6225 clinical episodes of bacteremia in a teaching hospital from January 2013 to December 2019. Bacteremia-associated mortality was compared when blood culture results were relayed to the infectious diseases specialist (IDS) in real time and periods when results were relayed the following morning. The impact of information availability using mortality at 30 days was used as the main outcome of the study.

Results

The initial analysis (all microorganisms included) did not show an association of mortality and information delay to the IDS (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], .99–1.42). However, information delay of BSIs caused by fast-growing microorganisms such as Enterobacterales was associated with a significant increase in the odds of death at 30 days both in the univariate (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.30–2.38) and multivariate analysis (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.50–3.30). Similar results were found with mortality at 14 days and 7 days in the univariate (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.08–2.20 and OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.03–2.37, respectively) and the multivariate analysis (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.27–3.32 and OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.09–3.40, respectively).

Conclusions

Information delivered in real time has prognostic relevance and is likely to improve survival of patients with documented BSIs. Future studies should address the prognostic impact of adequate resource allocation (microbiologist/IDS with 24/7 coverage) in BSIs.
Acute heart failure: differential diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Marini Marco , Manfredi Roberto , Battistoni Ilaria , Francioni Matteo , Vittoria Matassini Maria , Pongetti Giulia , Angelini Luca , Shkoza Matilda , Bontempo Alessandro , Belfioretti Leonardo , Piero Perna Gian
Published: April 2023

Acute heart failure is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome and is the first cause of unplanned hospitalization in people >65 years. Patients with heart failure may have different clinical presentations according to clinical history, pre-existing heart disease, and pattern of intravascular congestion. A comprehensive assessment of clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory data should aid in clinical decision-making and treatment. In some cases, a more accurate evaluation of patient haemodynamics via a pulmonary artery catheter may be necessary to undertake and guide escalation and de-escalation of therapy, especially when clinical, echo, and laboratory data are inconclusive or in the presence of right ventricular dysfunction. Similarly, a pulmonary artery catheter may be useful in patients with cardiogenic shock undergoing mechanical circulatory support. With the subsequent de-escalation of therapy and haemodynamic stabilization, the implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy should be pursued to reduce the risk of subsequent heart failure hospitalization and death, paying particular attention to the recognition and treatment of residual congestion.
The role of iron deficiency in heart failure
Authors: Caminiti Giuseppe , Sposato Barbara , Volterrani Maurizio
Published: April 2023

Iron is an essential micronutrient for several physiological processes in the body beyond erythropoiesis. Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity observed in about 50% of patients with stable heart failure (HF) irrespective of the left ventricular function. The presence of ID is often as a multi-factorial condition, and it is associated with exercise intolerance, reduced quality of life, increased hospitalization rate, and mortality risk regardless of anaemia. The intravenous administration of iron to correct ID has emerged as a promising treatment in HF with reduced ejection fraction as it has been shown to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life and exercise capacity, and reduce hospitalizations.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and heart failure: a tale born from oxygen uptake
Authors: Mapelli Massimo , Salvioni Elisabetta , Mattavelli Irene , Vignati Carlo , Galotta Arianna , Magrì Damiano , Apostolo Anna , Sciomer Susanna , Campodonico Jeness , Agostoni Piergiuseppe
Published: April 2023

Since 50 years, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) plays a central role in heart failure (HF) assessment. Oxygen uptake (VO2) is one of the main HF prognostic indicators, then paralleled by ventilation to carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) relationship slope. Also anaerobic threshold retains a strong prognostic power in severe HF, especially if expressed as a percent of maximal VO2 predicted value. Moving beyond its absolute value, a modern approach is to consider the percentage of predicted value for peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope, thus allowing a better comparison between genders, ages, and races. Several VO2 equations have been adopted to predict peak VO2, built considering different populations. A step forward was made possible by the introduction of reliable non-invasive methods able to calculate cardiac output during exercise: the inert gas rebreathing method and the thoracic electrical bioimpedance. These techniques made possible to calculate the artero-venous oxygen content differences (ΔC(a-v)O2), a value related to haemoglobin concentration, pO2, muscle perfusion, and oxygen extraction. The role of haemoglobin, frequently neglected, is however essential being anaemia a frequent HF comorbidity. Finally, peak VO2 is traditionally obtained in a laboratory setting while performing a standardized physical effort. Recently, different wearable ergo-spirometers have been developed to allow an accurate metabolic data collection during different activities that better reproduce HF patients’ everyday life. The evaluation of exercise performance is now part of the holistic approach to the HF syndrome, with the inclusion of CPET data into multiparametric prognostic scores, such as the MECKI score.
Captain Pennington’s perplexity: the loan of English ships to France, 1625
Authors: Cressy David
Published: April 2023

The contentious loan of English ships to France in 1625 has usually been treated as a political scandal contributing to the impeachment of the duke of Buckingham. Here it is examined as a maritime episode, particularly challenging for Captain John Pennington of the royal ship Vanguard. English mariners were opposed to serving under the French, and vehemently against allowing their vessels to combat the Huguenots at La Rochelle. Inconsistencies in policies and directions contributed to the captain’s perplexity, but he was not party to the conspiracy that some historians have detected to thwart the loan and its application.
The Arithmetic of Tame Quotient Singularities in Dimension 2
Authors: Bresciani Giulio
Published: April 2023

Let $k$ be a field, $X$ a variety with tame quotient singularities, and $\tilde {X}\to X$ a resolution of singularities. Any smooth rational point $x\in X(k)$ lifts to $\tilde {X}$ by the Lang–Nishimura theorem, but if $x$ is singular this might be false. For certain types of singularities, the rational point is guaranteed to lift, though; these are called singularities of type $\textrm {R}$. This concept has applications in the study of the fields of moduli of varieties and yields an enhanced version of the Lang–Nishimura theorem where the smoothness assumption is relaxed. We classify completely the tame quotient singularities of type $\textrm {R}$ in dimension $2$; in particular, we show that every non-cyclic tame quotient singularity in dimension $2$ is of type $\textrm {R}$, and most cyclic singularities are of type $\textrm {R}$ too.
Approximately Hadamard Matrices and Riesz Bases in Random Frames
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Rudelson Mark
Published: April 2023

An $n \times n$ matrix with $\pm 1$ entries that acts on ${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$ as a scaled isometry is called Hadamard. Such matrices exist in some, but not all dimensions. Combining number-theoretic and probabilistic tools, we construct matrices with $\pm 1$ entries that act as approximate scaled isometries in ${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$ for all $n \in {\mathbb {N}}$. More precisely, the matrices we construct have condition numbers bounded by a constant independent of $n$.

Using this construction, we establish a phase transition for the probability that a random frame contains a Riesz basis. Namely, we show that a random frame in ${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$ formed by $N$ vectors with independent identically distributed coordinate having a nondegenerate symmetric distribution contains many Riesz bases with high probability provided that $N \ge \exp (Cn)$. On the other hand, we prove that if the entries are sub-Gaussian, then a random frame fails to contain a Riesz basis with probability close to $1$ whenever $N \le \exp (cn)$, where $c<C$ are constants depending on the distribution of the entries.
Reinforced quantum-behaved particle swarm-optimized neural network for cross-sectional distortion prediction of novel variable-diameter-die-formed metal bent tubes
Authors: Wang Caicheng , Wang Zili , Zhang Shuyou , Liu Xiaojian , Tan Jianrong
Published: April 2023

With light weight, high strength, and high performance, metal bent tubes have attracted increasing applications in aeronautics. However, the growing demand for customized tubular parts has led to a significant increase in the cost of conventional tube-bending processes, as they can only process tubes of a specific diameter. To this end, this paper proposes a variable diameter die (VDD) scheme which can bend tubes with a specific range of diameters. To investigate the formability of VDD-processed tubes for practical VDD applications, an accurate and reliable prediction method of cross-sectional distortion is imperative. Hence, we pioneer a novel intelligent model based on quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO)-optimized back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to predict a rational cross-sectional distortion characterization index: average distortion rate. The adaptive adjustment of coefficients and the Gaussian distributed random vector are introduced to QPSO, which balance the search and enhance the diversity of the population, respectively. For further improvement in optimization performance, the informed initialization strategy is applied to QPSO. The efficiency of the proposed reinforced QPSO (RQPSO)-optimized BPNN model is evaluated by comparing the results with those of the BPNN, BPNN with Xavier initialization, several different particle swarm optimization variants-optimized BPNN models, and variants of popular machine learning models. The results indicated the superiority of RQPSO over other methods in terms of the coefficient of determination (${R}^2$), variance account for, root mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error, and standard deviation of MSE. Thus, the proposed novel algorithm could be employed as a reliable and accurate technique to predict the cross-sectional distortion of VDD-processed tubes.