bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combating Human Trafficking
Authors: Pittaro Michael
Published: January 2019

Human trafficking is one of the fastest and continuously evolving transnational crimes of this century, preceded only slightly by gun and drug trafficking; yet it is projected that human trafficking will soon surpass both unless government and nongovernmental officials throughout the world take immediate, collaborative action to deter and punish traffickers and educate and protect prospective trafficking victims. For that reason, combating human trafficking requires ongoing national and international communication, cooperation, and collaboration, particularly amongst law enforcement leadership across the globe. Only then will law enforcement be able to limit the ability of traffickers to operate freely and help prevent future victims from being trafficked. The primary purpose of drawing international attention to this chapter is in illuminating the challenges of police leadership in combating incidents of transnational human trafficking as well as to propose plausible to assist and support future global leadership and collaboration within and across police agencies.
Development of a Research Framework for Green IT Enablers Using Interpretive Structural Modelling
Authors: Khan Sania , Honnutagi Abdul Razak , Khan Mohammed Shahid Ahamed
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to identify the key variables and develop the relationships among the green IT enabling factors which drive consumers towards green purchasing. In this paper Delphi technique and Interpretive structural modelling approach have been employed to model the identified factors. These variables are segregated as ‘enablers' that facilitate corporate consumers' to purchase eco-friendly IT products. The major finding of this research is power consumption, e-wastage disposal, product performance and global warming are underlined as significantly important enablers which also drives other factors. The variables are interpreted for sustainable procurement in terms of their driving and dependence powers. For true sustainability the corporate organisations should focus on considering environmental consciousness, Kyoto protocol, corporate social responsibility and eco-label certified products as main interest for green purchasing. Developing the present strategic model and validating it scientifically are further suggested as directions for future research.
A Business Model Framework for Crowd-Driven IoT Ecosystems
Authors: Ziouvelou Xenia , McGroarty Frank
Published: January 2019

This article describes how the era of hyper-connectivity is characterized by distributed, crowd-centric ecosystems that utilise cutting edge technology so as to harness the collective power, co-creation ability and intelligence of the crowd utilising under open participatory value creation models. The Internet of Things (IoT) has fueled the emergence of such ecosystems that leverage not only the power of physical things connected to the Internet but also the wisdom of the crowd to observe, measure, and make sense of phenomena via user-owned mobile and wearable devices. Existing business modelling literature has to date, placed no research attention on business models for such emerging ecosystems. This article aims to fill this gap by examining the dynamics of crowd-driven IoT ecosystems and introducing a business model framework for such environments, encompassing all relevant value-creating actors, activities and processes, facilitating this way a holistic ecosystem business model analysis.
Why Do Companies Engage in Green Marketing?
Authors: Kirezli Özge , Yiğit Melis Kaytaz
Published: January 2019

In recent years, consumers and the business world have deemed environmental issues to be more important, and green marketing has become a competitive advantage involved in corporate strategies. This chapter aims to study the concept of green marketing in the business world. First, according to literature, evolving green marketing definitions are described in detail, and the importance of green marketing approach it assessed. Then, since green marketing approach must be integrated with corporate strategies, four green marketing strategic models are presented and discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications for green marketing of motivating factors such as pressure from consumers, NGOs and environmental organizations, legislative authorities, cost and profit considerations and competition between companies.
The Impact of Green Attributes From Suppliers on Supply Chain Performance
Authors: Fong Jose Roberto Mendoza , García-Alcaraz Jorge Luis , Maldonado-Macías Aidé Aracely , Ramírez Cuauhtémoc Sánchez , Loya Valeria Martínez
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, green supplier selection (GSS) is one of the most important activities for companies. Therefore, this research aims to demonstrate the relationship that exists between GSS and the marketing benefits of companies. The chapter proposes a structural equation model that integrates three latent variables. The two independent latent variables concern preproduction green attributes and process green attributes, and they are associated with a dependent latent variable: marketing indexes. Thus, three hypotheses are proposed to relate these latent variables. To validate such hypotheses, a survey is administered to 253 middle and senior managers from the manufacturing industry of Ciudad Juárez. Similarly, a descriptive analysis of the sample and the items is carried out. Results show direct and positive effects among the analyzed variables. However, the highest impact is caused by preproduction green attributes over production process green attributes.
Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility and Creating Shared Value on Sustainability
Authors: Sinthupundaja Janthorn , Kohda Youji
Published: January 2019

This article describes how recently, there has been a shift in corporate social responsibility (CSR) to creating shared value (CSV), filling the gap between the strategies underlying competitive advantage and sustainability. Although the principles of CSR and CSV have been broadly studied and investigated, there is still little academic research focusing on the transitions regarding on economic, social, and environmental sustainability. In this article, literature and a case study were reviewed and analyzed to identify differences and contributing factors towards sustainability, based on value co-creation and collaboration approaches. The authors' findings present that the CSV emphasizing on co-created value with the cross-sector collaboration leads to the sustainability. Working together with local people or social organizations enables deep understanding of local context and understand the real social and environmental issues. The study contributes to sustainability and business literature by investigating insights into the sustainability of CSR and CSV, and strengthening the importance of social involvement.
Teachers' Attitudes Towards Technology Integration
Authors: Djoub Zineb
Published: January 2019

As education and teaching have become intrinsically entwined, teachers need to develop the necessary knowledge and skills to integrate effectively technology into their teaching. Teacher educators are thus required to infuse technology throughout their programs and support trainees connect between technology and pedagogy within a given context. Yet, the question that can be raised is: How can teacher education programs prepare young teacher entering the profession to teach with learning technology and digital content? To elaborate on this issue, a study was conducted on a sample of teachers, using a survey questionnaire distributed online. This study seeks to address what teachers must know, understand and be able to do with regard to instructional technology. The research findings are meant to inform both teacher educators and program designers about the kind of training required to assist teachers with technology integration. Based on the data obtained, a set of suggestions for teacher educators are recommended for pre-service teacher training contexts.
It's All in the Numbers
Authors: Balchin Kevin , Wild Carol
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on teacher professional development and TELL, and the constraints of TELL. More specifically, it explores some of the barriers and enablers to the use of technology in English language classes in six secondary school across Malaysia, in both rural and urban settings. The cross-cultural aspect of the study comes from a comparison of the schools involved and considerations of context-appropriate technological tools and materials in the differing school environments. The backdrop to the study is the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MMoE). One particular issue highlighted in the study is the benefit of communities of teachers working together to implement and integrate technology into their teaching.
RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
Authors: Han Seung Beom , Shin Ju Ae , Kim Seong koo , Lee Jae Wook , Lee Dong-Gun , Chung Nack-Gyun , Cho Bin , Jeong Dae Chul , Kang Jin Han
Published: January 2019

Abstract Background: Despite the introduction of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the diagnosis of respiratory viral infection (RVI), guidance on the application of this test and the management of RVI in immunocompromised children is lacking. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of RVI and established strategies for the PCR test in children and adolescents with hematological malignancies.Methods: This study included children and adolescents with underlying hematological malignancies and respiratory symptoms, in whom a multiplex PCR test was performed. Patients in whom RVI was identified and not identified were categorized into Groups I and II, respectively. Group I was sub-divided into patients with upper and lower respiratory infections. The medical records of the enrolled patients were retrospectively reviewed.Results: A total of 93 respiratory illnesses were included. Group I included 46 (49.5%) cases of RVI, including 31 (67.4%) upper and 15 (32.6%) lower respiratory infections. Rhinovirus (37.0%) was the most common viral pathogen. Significantly more patients in Group I had community-acquired respiratory illnesses (p=0.003) and complained of rhinorrhea (p<0.001) and sputum (p=0.008) than those in Group II. In Group I, significantly more patients with lower respiratory infections had uncontrolled underlying malignancies (p=0.038) and received re-induction or palliative chemotherapy (p=0.006) than those with upper respiratory infections.Conclusions: A multiplex PCR test should be considered for RVI diagnosis in immunocompromised children and adolescents with respiratory symptoms, especially in those with rhinorrhea or sputum prominent over a cough. The early application of the PCR test in patients with uncontrolled underlying malignancies may improve outcomes.

Keywords: child, hematologic neoplasms, polymerase chain reaction, respiratory tract infections
Increase in Candida parapsilosis candidemia in cancer patients
Authors: Sun Mingyue , Chen Chunguang , Xiao Weiqiang , Chang Yanmin , Liu Cailin , Xu Qingxia
Published: January 2019

Background: This study aimed to identify the risk factors of candidemia and asses possible clinically significant differences between Candida parapsilosis and other candida species among cancer patients.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a Chinese tertiary cancer center over a 6-year period. A total of 323 cancer patients were enrolled and analyzed from 2012 to 2018. Data about demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, and risk factors of candidemia were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors associated with the development of candidemia.Results: Among the isolates, the species most frequently isolated was C. parapsilosis (37.15%, 120/323), and C. albicans only accounted for 34.37%. Based on statistical analysis, when candidemia patients who had C. parapsilosis were compared with other Candida spp., the following factors were found to be significantly associated with C. parapsilosis fungemia: parenteral nutrition (p < 0.001), neutropenia (p < 0.001), receipt of chemotherapy (p = 0.002), and previous antifungal use (p < 0.001). Parenteral nutrition was a factor that independently predicted C. parapsilosis candidemia (OR, 0.183; 95% CI, 0.098–0.340; p < 0.001).Conclusions: In short, C. parapsilosis as the leading non-albicans Candida spp. isolates in candidemia is posing a major threat for cancer patients. The study highlights the urgent need to evaluate the possibility of development of C. parapsilosis candidemia in cancer patients exposed to these risk factors effective and prevention strategies against this causative agent transmitted through nosocomial route should be implemented.
BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENETIC VARIANTS IN EGYPTIAN CHILDREN WITH BETA THALASSEMIA ON VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Abbassy Hadeer A , Abo Elwafa Reham Abdel Haleem , Omar Omneya Magdy
Published: January 2019

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a characteristic feature of Beta thalassemia major (βTM) patients. Vitamin D is important for bone mineralization. Vitamin D receptors (VDR) genetic variants may be related to vitamin D status and BMD.Objectives:  To evaluate the effect of VDR genetic variants on vitamin D levels and BMD in βTM Egyptian patients supplemented with vitamin D.Methods: This study was conducted on forty children with βTM and forty unrelated healthy sex and age-matched controls. Serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP, ferritin and vitamin D were measured. VDR genetic variants (BsmI, TaqI, and FokI) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DEXA) of the lumbar spine.Results: In βTM patients, 22.5% had deficient, 50% had insufficient and only 27.5% had sufficient levels of vitamin D. BMD Z score was significantly lower in βTM patients compared to controls (p<0.001). Osteopenia and osteoporosis of lumbar spines were observed in 70% and 22.5% of βTM patients respectively. BsmI bb and FokI Ff and ff genotypic variants were significantly associated with lower vitamin D and BMD Z score. No association was observed with TaqI genotypic variants.Conclusions: We reported a high prevalence of low BMD in βTM despite vitamin D supplementation. The BsmI bb, FokI Ff and ff genotypic variants of VDR can be considered as risk factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis in these children. Vitamin D doses should be adjusted individually according to the genetic makeup of each patient.
Postprofessional Athletic Training Students' Perceptions Concerning the Health Care Competencies
Authors: Bacon Cailee E. Welch , Van Lunen Bonnie L. , Hankemeier Dorice A.
Published: January 2019

Context:

Over a decade ago, the Institute of Medicine indicated that all health care professionals should be educated in several health care competency areas (quality improvement, health care informatics, interprofessional education and collaborative practice, evidence-based practice, and patient-centered care). Despite this initiative, athletic training has only recently incorporated these competencies throughout education.

Objective:

To assess postprofessional athletic training students' perceived abilities and importance regarding 6 core competencies.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

Self-reported paper survey.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 221 from a convenience sample of 258 postprofessional athletic training students (85.7%) completed the survey (82 males, 138 females; age = 23.29 ± 2.05 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The survey consisted of several concept statements for each competency, and perceptions were collected via Likert-scale items (range 1–4). Composite perceived ability and importance Likert-scale scores were achieved by tabulating all values and then averaging the scores back to the Likert scale. Higher scores indicated that participants perceived themselves to have greater ability and that the concepts were more important for implementation in clinical practice.

Results:

Overall, postprofessional athletic training students perceived they were able to implement the concepts of the competencies into their daily practice and perceived all of the competencies to be moderately to extremely important for implementation. However, while participants globally perceived they were able to implement the competencies, they disagreed or strongly disagreed they were able to implement some concepts, particularly within health care informatics and patient-centered care, as a part of their clinical practice.

Conclusions:

Postprofessional athletic training students recognize the importance of the core competencies and perceive they are able to implement these competencies throughout clinical practice. However, as postprofessional athletic training students continue to advance their skills as clinicians, the benefits of health care informatics and incorporating real-time electronic patient data to support their clinical decisions should be emphasized.
Doctoral Preparation Influence on New Faculty's Perception of Role Transition
Authors: Kilbourne Brianne F. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Bowman Thomas G.
Published: January 2019

Context:

Teaching, scholarship, and service are required of all faculty in order to earn tenure. Faculty members hired directly from doctoral programs may not be adequately prepared to face the responsibilities of a full-time position in the professoriate.

Objective:

To explore what mechanisms as part of doctoral education influenced the perceptions of junior faculty development while transitioning postgraduation.

Design:

Qualitative phenomenological study.

Setting:

Fourteen higher education institutions.

Patients or Other Participants:

Sixteen junior faculty (7 male, 9 female, age = 32 ± 3.5 years) representing 7 National Athletic Trainers' Association districts participated. At the time of the interview, participants were within their first 3 years of a full-time faculty position. All participants earned doctorates from residential programs and had an assistantship position.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

All participants completed a semistructured telephone interview. The interview guide was focused on the experiences of junior faculty within their first 3 years in a tenure-track position. Questions were grounded within the literature and purpose of the study. We analyzed the interviews through a psychosocial developmental lens using a general inductive approach.

Results:

Two themes of doctoral preparation emerged that influenced the perceptions of junior faculty transitioning into a faculty role: breadth and depth of the doctoral assistantship and doctoral coursework related to academia. Doctoral assistantships with breadth and depth helped participants develop competence, while doctoral coursework related to academia provided content expertise.

Conclusions:

Doctoral education is the platform for transition into academia. Our findings suggest that doctoral program assistantships that provided both breadth and depth of experience facilitated transition. Coursework related to academia influenced perceptions of transition into the faculty role by exposing participants to pedagogy and higher education infrastructure.
La audiencia activa en la ficción transmedia: plataformas, interactividad y medición
Authors: Vázquez-Herrero Jorge , González-Neira Ana , Quintas-Froufe Natalia
Published: January 2019

Los cambios en el panorama televisivo han dado pie a nuevas formas de producción y de consumo que imponen desafíos en la monitorización de la audiencia. Este artículo profundiza en las transformaciones de la medición de audiencia a través del estudio de caso de la serie de RTVE Si fueras tú, primera serie de ficción nativa, interactiva, transmedia. Metodología. Se realiza un análisis de los soportes y plataformas oficiales que conforman el universo transmedia de la serie de ficción para posteriormente estudiar las posibilidades de interacción y la actividad de la audiencia en cada una de ellas. Resultados. Los datos muestran que Facebook e Instagram concentran la mayor parte de la actividad del universo transmedia, además se identifica una rutina semanal en la combinación de plataformas y la integración de la audiencia activa. Discusión y conclusiones. Se constata la imposibilidad de cuantificar de forma estandarizada la audiencia transmedia y se señalan retos de futuro.
Razvoj geografije v srednjem veku
Authors: Ogrin Darko
Published: January 2019

V prispevku je prikazana zgodovina geografije v srednjem veku s pomočjo spoznanj iz domače in tuje strokovne literature. Srednji vek ni enotno obdobje v razvoju geografije. Zgodnjega označuje zaton antičnih tradicij v krščanskem delu Evrope, vendar prevzem in nadgradnjo le-teh v arabskem svetu. V visokem srednjem veku so bila arabska spoznanja med osnovami za geografsko in kartografsko renesanso ter za razvoj v naslednjih stoletjih.
Napake pri pisanju besedil v nemščini kot tujem jeziku. Empirična raziskava na primeru slovenskih študentk in študentov germanistike
Authors: Mlakar Gračner Doris
Published: January 2019

V pričujočem članku je avtorica analizirala napake slovenskih študentk in študentov germanistike prvega letnika pri pisanju pravljice. Pri tem je poskusila ugotoviti, na katerih področjih (pravopis, oblikoslovno-skladenjska ravnina in leksikalno-semantična ravnina) študenti naredijo največ napak. Prav tako je raziskovala, katere napake se na posameznih področjih pogosteje pojavljajo in kakšni bi lahko bili vzroki za te napake.Rezultati raziskave so za učitelje nemškega jezika in za avtorje učbenikov nemščine kot tujega jezika pomembni, saj izpostavljajo mesta, kjer pri pisanju besedil v nemščini kot tujem jeziku pogosteje prihaja do napak. Na osnovi izsledkov pričujoče raziskave bi lahko tem mestom namenili pri pouku nemščine kot tujega jezika posebno pozornost.
Raba nedoločnih količinskih zaimkov v dveh francosko- slovenskih korpusih: v Spooku in v Evrokorpusu
Authors: Struna Berden Tatjana
Published: January 2019

Članek je namenjen analizi izražanja količine z nedoločnimi kvantifikatorji v francoščini in slovenščini. V francoščini smo proučevali nedoločne zaimke in nedoločne določevalnike, v slovenščini pa njihove ustreznice: nedoločne pridevniške in samostalniške zaimke ter števnike. Izhajali smo iz francoščine. V članku smo na podlagi primerjav dveh francosko-slovenskih korpusov iskali pomenske ustreznice nedoločnim kvantifikatorjem. Dobili smo presenetljivo veliko število različnih prevodnih rešitev, a še vedno so največji delež med prevodnimi rešitvami zavzeli izbrani kvantifikatorji. Dokazali smo, da jih je kljub slovarskim prevodnim ustreznicam mogoče prevesti s številnimi drugimi ustreznicami. Dokazali pa smo tudi, da je lahko prevod francoskega kvantifikatorja (predvsem celostnega) v slovenskem stavku izpuščen, ne da bi se pri tem izgubil pomen izvornega stavka.
V iskanju fleksibilnosti francoskih glagolskih rekel
Authors: Gregorčič Kristina
Published: January 2019

V članku so predstavljeni rezultati raziskave skladenjske pregibnosti francoskih glagolskih rekel, ki kot osnovni sestavini vsebujejo glagol in samostalniški direktni predmet. Namen raziskave je bil odgovoriti na vprašanje, ali pomenska razčlenljivost in vrsta določevalnika v idiomatskem direktnem predmetu vplivata na skladenjsko obnašanje glagolskih rekel. Izvedena je bila anketa z vprašalnikom, v kateri je sodelovalo preko 35 rojenih govorcev francoščine, obsegala pa je vprašanja, povezana z 20 francoskimi glagolskimi rekli.
Political competition and economic policy: empirical evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Chaudhry Ahmed , Mazhar Ummad
Published: January 2019

The influence of politics on economic policy is not fully understood. The challenge to ensure political inclusiveness and economic prosperity remains. Perhaps, one way to attain this objective is by increasing political competition. This paper gathers empirical evidence from Pakistan, a country with a checkered political history characterized by episodes of representative, non-representative, and indirectly elected governments. In recent years, the country has witnessed a gradual strengthening of democratic rules with economic progress. Focusing on nine elections held over 1970 to 2015 the authors measure political competition and estimate its impact on economic policy. Contrary to popular conceptions about Pakistan’s economy, they find a positive association between lack of political competition and poor economic policy. This finding holds at national as well as subnational levels in Pakistan and withstands a number of robustness tests.
A multivariate analysis of cardiopulmonary parameters in archery performance
Authors: Eswaramoorthi Vijayamurugan , Abdullah Mohamad Razali , Musa Rabiu Muazu , Maliki Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi , Kosni Norlaila Azura , Raj Naresh Bhaskar , Alias Norzulaika , Azahari Hanisah , Mat-Rashid Siti Musliha , Juahir Hafizan
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The aim of this investigation was to determine the most significant cardiopulmonary parameters bound with high archery scores and to assess their relationship with successful performance in archery.

Methods

The total of 32 archers with mean age of 17 ± 0.56 years were gathered from dissimilar archery programmes. Cardiopulmonary parameters were measured prior to shooting tests. Multivariate techniques of principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), and discriminant analysis (DA) were used to analyse the data collected.

Results

The initial PCA identified 4 parameters with a higher eigenvalue (> 1). However, PCA after varimax rotation indicated 4 varifactors with high positive loadings, containing 3 respiratory parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC; 0.83), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV; 0.83), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR; 0.87); 2 pressure parameters: resting
diastolic blood pressure (RDBP; 0.78) and resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP; 0.88); 1 volume parameter: inspiratory reserve volume (IRV; 0.86); and 1 rate parameter: resting respiratory rate (RRR; 0.87). HACA divided the archers into 2 categories on the basis of their performance on the most needed parameters; these were high-optimum pulmonary capacity archers (HOCA) and low-optimum pulmonary capacity archers (LOCA). Standard, backward stepwise, and forward stepwise DA discriminated the classes from the 7 parameters with remarkable accuracy (90.63%, 93.75%, and 96.88%, respectively) for each method, confirming the classification provided by HACA.

Conclusions

It is obvious from the current outcomes that such cardiopulmonary parameters as good FVC, MVV, PEFR, IRV, RRR, and optimal RSBP and RDBP are necessary for better archery performance.
Detection of Outflow of Formaldehyde and Glyoxal from the African
continent to the Atlantic Ocean with a MAX-DOAS Instrument
Authors: Behrens Lisa K. , Hilboll Andreas , Richter Andreas , Peters Enno , Alvarado Leonardo M. A. , Kalisz Hedegaard Anna B. , Wittrock Folkard , Burrows John P. , Vrekoussis Mihalis
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Trace gas maps retrieved from satellite measurements show enhanced levels of the atmospheric volatile organic compounds formaldehyde (HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) over the Atlantic Ocean. To validate the spatial distribution of this continental outflow, ship-based measurements were taken during the project Continental Outflow of Pollutants towards the MArine tRoposphere (COPMAR). A Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (MAX-DOAS) was operated on board the research vessel (RV) Maria S. Merian during the cruise MSM58/2. This cruise was conducted in October 2016 from Ponta Delgada (Azores) to Cape Town (South Africa), crossing between Cape Verde and the African continent. The instrument was continuously scanning the horizon looking towards the African continent. Enhanced levels of HCHO and CHOCHO were found in the area of expected outflow during this cruise. The observed spatial gradients of HCHO and CHOCHO along the cruise track agree with the spatial distributions from satellite measurements and MOZART-4 model simulations. The continental outflow from the African continent is observed in an elevated layer, higher than 1000 m, and probably originates from biogenic emissions or biomass burning according to FLEXPART emission sensitivities.
Classification of aerosol population type and cloud condensation
nuclei properties in a coastal California littoral environment using an
unsupervised cluster model
Authors: Atwood Samuel A. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , DeMott Paul J. , Petters Markus D. , Cornwell Gavin C. , Martin Andrew C. , Moore Kathryn A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Aerosol particle and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements from a littoral location on the northern coast of California at Bodega Bay Marine Laboratory (BML) are presented for approximately six weeks of observations during the CalWater-2015 field campaign. A combination of aerosol microphysical and meteorological parameters was used to classify variability in the properties of the BML surface aerosol using a K-means cluster model. Eight aerosol population types were identified that were associated with a range of impacts from both marine and terrestrial sources. Average measured total particle number concentrations, size distributions, hygroscopicities, and activated fraction spectra between 0.08 % and 1.1 % supersaturation are given for each of the identified aerosol population types, along with meteorological observations and transport pathways during time periods associated with each type. Five terrestrially influenced aerosol population types represented different degrees of aging of the continental outflow from the coast and interior of California and their appearance at the BML site was often linked to changes in wind direction and transport pathway. In particular, distinct aerosol populations, associated with diurnal variations in source region induced by land/sea-breeze shifts, were classified by the clustering technique. A terrestrial type representing fresh emissions, and/or a recent new particle formation event, occurred in approximately 10 % of the observations. Over the entire study period, three marine influenced population types were identified that typically occurred when the regular diurnal land/sea-breeze cycle collapsed and BML was continuously ventilated by air masses from marine regions for multiple days. These marine types differed from each other primarily in the degree of cloud processing evident in the size distributions, and in the presence of an additional large-particle mode for the type associated with the highest wind speeds. One of the marine types was associated with a multi-day period during which an atmospheric river made landfall at BML. The generally higher total particle number concentrations but lower activated fractions of four of the terrestrial types yielded similar CCN number concentrations to two of the marine types for supersaturations below about 0.4 %. Despite quite different activated fraction spectra, the two remaining marine and terrestrial types had CCN spectral number concentrations very similar to each other, due in part to higher number concentrations associated with the terrestrial type.
Aerosol radiative effects with MACv2
Authors: Kinne Stefan
Published: January 2019

Abstract. onthly global maps for aerosol properties of the MACv2 climatology are applied in an off-line radiative transfer model to determine aerosol radiative effects. For details beyond global averages in most cases global maps are presented to visualize regional and seasonal details. Aside from the direct radiative (aerosol presence) effect, including those for aerosol components as extracted from MACv2 aerosol optics, also the major aerosol indirect radiative effect is covered. Hereby, the impact of smaller drops in water clouds due to added anthropogenic aerosol was simulated by applying a satellite retrieval based fit from locally associations between aerosol and drop concentrations over oceans. Present-day anthropogenic aerosols of MACv2 – on a global average basis – reduce the radiative net-fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) by −1.0 W/m2 and at the surface by −2.1 W/m2. Direct cooling contributions are only about half of indirect contributions (−.35 vs −.65) at TOA, but about twice at the surface (−1.45 vs −.65), as solar absorption of the direct effect warms the atmosphere by +1.1 W/m2. Natural aerosols are on average less absorbing (for a relatively larger solar TOA cooling) and larger in size (now contributing with IR greenhouse warming). Thus, average TOA direct forcing efficiencies for total and anthropogenic aerosol happen to be similar: −11 W/m2/AOD at all-sky and −24 W/m2/AOD at clear-sky conditions. The present-day direct impact by all soot (BC) is globally averaged +0.55W/m2 and at least half of it should be attributed to anthropogenic sources. Hereby any accuracy of anthropogenic impacts, not just for soot, suffers from the limited access to a pre-industrial reference. Anthropogenic uncertainty has a particular strong impact on aerosol indirect effects, which dominate the (TOA) forcing. Accounting for uncertainties in the anthropogenic definition, present-day aerosol forcing is estimated to stay within the −0.7 to −1.6 W/m2 range, with a best estimate at −1 W/m2. Calculations with model predicted temporal changes to anthropogenic AOD indicate that qualitatively the anthropogenic aerosol forcing has not changed much over the last decades and is not likely to increase over the next decades, despite strong regional shifts. These regional shifts explain most solar insolation (brightening or dimming) trends that have been observed by ground-based radiation data.
Reviews and syntheses: Dams, water quality and tropical reservoir
stratification
Authors: Winton R. Scott , Calamita Elisa , Wehrli Bernhard
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The impact of large dams is a popular topic in environmental science, but the importance of altered water quality as a driver of ecological impacts is often missing from such discussions. This is partly because information on the relationship between dams and water quality is relatively sparse and fragmentary, especially for low latitude developing countries where dam building is now concentrated. In this paper, we review and synthesize information on the effects of damming on water quality with a special focus on low latitude contexts. We find that most water quality changes are driven by a two ultimate physical processes: the trapping of sediments and nutrients, and thermal stratification and oxygen depletion in reservoirs. Since stratification emerges as an important driver and there is ambiguity in the literature regarding the stratification behavior of low latitude water bodies, we synthesize data and literature on the 54 largest low latitude reservoirs to assess their mixing behavior using three classification schemes. Direct observations from literature as well as classifications based on climate and/or morphometry suggest that most, if not all, low latitude reservoirs will stratify on at least a seasonal basis. This finding suggests that low latitude dams have the potential to discharge cooler, anoxic deep water, which can degrade downstream ecosystems by altering thermal regimes or causing hypoxic stress. Many of these reservoirs are also capable of efficiently trapping sediment and bed load, which alters downstream habitats and causes losses of floodplain and delta ecosystems. Water quality impacts imposed by stratification and sediment trapping can be mitigated through a variety of approaches, but implementation often meets physical or financial constraints. The impending construction of thousands of planned low latitude dams will alter water quality throughout the worlds tropical and subtropical river systems. The water quality changes and their associated environmental impacts could be better understood by better baseline data and more sophisticated predictors of reservoir stratification behavior.
Nutrient distribution and nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of
nitrate in water masses of the subtropical South Indian Ocean
Authors: Harms Natalie C. , Lahajnar Niko , Gaye Birgit , Rixen Tim , Dähnke Kirstin , Ankele Markus , Schwarz-Schampera Ulrich , Emeis Kay-Christian
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Vast subtropical gyres are important areas for the exchange of carbon between atmosphere and ocean in spite of low nutrient concentrations, and supposedly for the influx of reactive nitrogen to the ocean by dinitrogen fixation. To identify sources and transformation processes in the nitrogen cycle of the southern Indian Ocean subtropical gyre, we investigated concentrations of water column nutrients and stable isotope composition of nitrate of samples from two expeditions in 2016 (MSM 59) and 2017 (SO 259) in the subtropical gyre between ~ 30 °S and the equator. Low nitrate and phosphate concentrations mark the thick mixed layer of the oligotrophic gyre with values of
WHU-SGCC: A novel approach for blending daily satellite (CHIRP) and precipitation observations over Jinsha River Basin
Authors: Shen Gaoyun , Chen Nengcheng , Wang Wei , Chen Zeqiang
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Accurate and consistent satellite-based precipitation estimates blended with rain gauge data are important for regional precipitation monitoring and hydrological applications, especially in regions with limited rain gauges. However, existing fusion precipitation estimates often have large uncertainties over mountainous areas with complex topography and sparse rain gauges, and the existing data blending algorithms are very bad at removing the day-by-day random errors. Therefore, the development of effective methods for high-accuracy precipitation estimates over complex terrain and on a daily scale is of vital importance for mountainous hydrological applications. This study aims to offer a novel approach for blending daily precipitation gauge data, gridded precipitation data and the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation (CHIRP, daily, 0.05°) satellite-derived precipitation estimates over the Jinsha River Basin for the period of June–July–August in 2016. This method is named the Wuhan University Satellite and Gauge precipitation Collaborated Correction (WHU-SGCC). The results show that the WHU-SGCC method is effective in precipitation bias adjustments from point to surface, which is evaluated by categorical indices. Moreover, the accuracy of the spatial distribution of the precipitation estimates derived from the WHU-SGCC method is related to the complexity of the topography. The validation also verifies that the proposed approach is effective in the detection of precipitation events that are less than 20 mm. This study indicates that the WHU-SGCC approach is a promising tool to monitor monsoon precipitation over Jinsha River Basin, the complicated mountainous terrain with sparse rain gauge data, considering the spatial correlation and the historical precipitation characteristics. The daily precipitation estimations at 0.05° resolution over Jinsha River Basin in summer 2016, derived from WHU-SGCC are available at the PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science portal (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.896615).
A full waveform current recorder for electrical prospecting
Authors: Chen Kai , Jin Sheng
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Current data is an important input data for electrical prospecting data post-processing. Presently, the current recorder has deficient capability for continuous recording, precision, bandwidth, dynamic range, and input range. A new full waveform current recorder for measuring current signal that is ideal for electrical prospecting applications is presented. The new measurement principle enables the fabrication of a high precision current sensor with an autonomous data logger as well as continuous measuring capabilities for full waveforms that are comparable to recent developments for electrical prospecting applications. The full waveform current recorder is capable of measuring current with bandwidth from DC to 10 kHz, with a power spectrum density noise floor of 10 μA/rt(Hz) at 10 Hz. The current recorder has a dynamic range that is higher than 97 dB over a range of 100 A at peak, with time synchronization error as low as ±0.1 μs. All of these features make current measurement a promising technology for high precision measurement with long duration, autonomous data logging for field electrical prospecting applications.
Develop a coupled agent-based modeling approach for uncertain water management decisions
Authors: Hyun Jin-Young , Huang Shih-Yu , Yang Y. C. Ethan , Tidwell Vincent , Macknick Jordan
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Managing water resources in a complex adaptive natural-human system is subject to a challenging task due to the difficulty of modeling human behavior and decision uncertainty. The interaction between human-engineered systems and natural processes needs to be modeled explicitly, and a formal approach is required to characterize human decision-making processes and quantify the associated uncertainty caused by incomplete/ambiguous information. In this study, we two-way coupled an agent-based model (ABM) with a river-routing and reservoir management model (RiverWare) while ABM uses a bottom-up approach that allows individual decision makers to be defined as agents – each able to make their own decisions based on their objectives and confidence in the acquired information. The human decision-making processes is described in the ABM using Bayesian Inference (BI) mapping joined with a Cost-Loss (CL) model (BC-ABM). Incorporating BI mapping into an ABM allows an agent's internal (psychological) thinking process to be specified by a cognitive map between decisions and relevant preceding factors that could affect decision-making. The associated decision uncertainty is characterized by a risk perception parameter in the BI mapping representing an agent's belief on the preceding factors. Integration of the CL model addresses an agent's behavior caused by changing socioeconomic conditions. We use the San Juan River Basin in New Mexico, USA to demonstrate the utility of this method. The calibrated BC-ABM-RiverWare model is shown to capture the dynamics of historical irrigated area and streamflow changes. The results suggest that the proposed BC-ABM framework provides an improved representation of human decision-making processes compared to conventional rule-based ABMs that does not take uncertainties into account. Future studies will focus on modifying the BI mapping to consider direct agents' interactions, up-front cost, joint human and natural uncertainty evaluation, and upscaling the watershed ABM to the regional scale.
Distributed Temperature Profiling System Provides Spatially Dense
Measurements and Insights about Permafrost Distribution in an
Arctic Watershed
Authors: Léger Emmanuel , Dafflon Baptiste , Robert Yves , Ulrich Craig , Peterson John E. , Biraud Sébastien , Romanovsky Vladimir E. , Hubbard Susan S.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Soil temperature has been recognized as a property that strongly influences a myriad of hydro-biogeochemical processes, as well as containing important information on the properties modulating the soil thermal flux. In spite of its importance, our ability to acquire soil temperature data with high spatial and temporal resolution and coverage is limited, because of the high cost of equipment, the difficulties of deployment, and the complexities of data management. Here we propose a new strategy that we call Distributed Temperature Profiling (DTP), which consists of cheap, low-impact, low-power, vertically resolved temperature probes that independently and autonomously record soil temperature. We developed a prototype DTP system for characterizing and monitoring near-surface thermal properties, using an unprecedented number of laterally and vertically distributed temperature measurements. The DTP system was tested in an Arctic ecosystem near Nome, AK, to identify near-surface permafrost distribution and various thermal regimes in a discontinuous permafrost environment during the summer time. Results show that the DTP system enabled successful acquisition of vertically resolved profiles of summer soil temperature over the top 0.8 m at numerous locations. DTP also enabled high resolution identification and lateral delineation of near-surface permafrost locations from surrounding zones with no permafrost or deep permafrost table locations overlain by a perennially thawed layer. The DTP strategy overcomes some of the limitations associated with – and complements the strengths of – borehole-based soil temperature sensing as well as Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (FO-DTS) approaches. Combining DTP data with co-located topographic and vegetation maps obtained using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data allowed us to identify correspondences between surface and subsurface property distribution, and in particular between topography, vegetation, shallow soil properties, and near-surface permafrost. Finally, the results highlight the considerable value of the newly developed DTP strategy for investigating the significant variability and complexity of subsurface thermal and hydrological regimes in discontinuous permafrost regions.
Boquitas pintadas, una novela para armar. Primeras notas y borradores de un proyecto creativo en construcción
Authors: Rodas Giselle Carolina
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo propone estudiar los documentos pre-textuales germinales y aquellos otros que permiten identificar los ajustes de obra más representativos del proceso de producción de la novela Boquitas pintadas del escritor argentino Manuel Puig. Estos materiales dan cuenta de las decisiones tendientes a formalizar y afinar un plan razonado de producción, opuesto al azar de una escritura improvisada. Además, permiten identificar ciertos hábitos en el modo de producción literaria iniciado en este plan y sostenido en el resto de la producción narrativa del autor. El trabajo también propone hacer foco en dos aspectos centrales a los que Puig no deja de atender desde el inicio de su planificación: la articulación entre el contenido del relato y la estructura compleja de la obra.
Irradiador y Horizonte: revistas de un movimiento de vanguardia y una red estridentista
Authors: Frank Marco , Pita González Alexandra
Published: January 2019

El presente trabajo analiza las dos principales publicaciones del movimiento estridentista:Irradiador. Revista internacional de vanguardiay Horizonte. Revista mensual de actividad contemporánea, publicadas respectivamente en la Ciudad de México y en Jalapa entre 1923 y 1927. Partimos de la premisa que las publicaciones periódicas permiten entender el entramado de vínculos que fueron necesarios para que apareciera un nuevo grupo de vanguardia artística y literaria. En este caso específico, esto implica prestar atención tanto a las relaciones establecidas por su fundador, Manuel Maples Arce en un período previo a la aparición de las publicaciones, como a las redes intelectuales que se generaron en las revistas con los colaboradores y a través de ellos, con otras publicaciones periódicas de Europa y América Latina. Así, al considerar al estridentismo como una vanguardia y una red de manera simultánea nos enfocamos en la asociación de actores a través de las revistas más que en sus características literarias.