bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal vs. supportive group psychotherapy for depression attributed to work stress: study protocol of the multicentre, cluster-randomised, controlled IPT-Work trial
Authors: Schramm Elisabeth , Elsaesser Moritz , Zehender Nadine , Reif Andreas , Lahmann Claas , Feuchtinger Manon , Deuschle Michael , Kahl Kai , Hillert Andreas , Thiel Nicola , Piosczyk Hannah , Mack Simon , Bausch Johannes , Graf Erika
Published: February 2025

Background

Depression associated with occupational stress is highly prevalent, causing high rates of sick leave and thus posing significant societal and economic burden. Meta-analyses of the few studies on psychological and work-focused interventions for common mental disorders including depression report small effects on depressive symptomatology and occupational outcomes. There is an urgent need for more controlled studies on work-directed interventions assessing work outcomes.

Methods

This is an interventional, multicentre, active-controlled, cluster-randomised, observer-blinded clinical trial with two parallel groups conducted in 6 clinical centres throughout Germany over the course of 3 years. A sample of 144 outpatients with work stress related depression will be cluster-randomised to either a specific interpersonal group intervention for depression and work stress (IPT-Work) or a nonspecific supportive group psychotherapy (SP). Each group consists of 10 sessions over 8 weeks of 90 min duration with 4–6 participants. Patients will be assessed at baseline, post-treatment and at 3 months follow-up. The primary endpoint is the relative change in HRSD-24 score from baseline to follow-up 3 months after end of treatment. Secondary outcome measures include the Occupational Depression Inventory (ODI), the Work Ability Index (WAI), the Return to Work Attitude (RTW-SE), the Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI), the Job Content Questionnaire 2 (JCQ2), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). In addition, Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and days of sick leave throughout the study period will be assessed.

Effects of treatment will be analysed with a linear mixed model for repeated measures including randomised arm, time point and their interaction as well as HRSD-24 baseline scores and their interaction with time point as fixed effects.

Discussion

Results will provide a comparison of a nonwork-directed psychological intervention and a specific, work-directed approach with respect to symptom improvement and increase in work ability. The aim is to improve quality of mental health care for depressed employees to facilitate recovery, improve work ability, and reduce the risk of long-term occupational incapacity. Ultimately, findings will inform the practice of the efficiency of using psychological group treatment in depressed individuals with work stress.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00035259); prospectively registered on 15th January 2025.
Global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia from 1990 to 2021 and projection to 2035
Authors: Wei Hui , Zhu Cong , Huang Qiao , Yang Jun , Li Yi-Tong , Zhang Yin-Gang , Li Bing-Hui , Zi Hao
Published: February 2025

Background

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common male urological disease around the world. This study aimed to evaluate global, regional, and national burden of BPH from 1990 to 2021, and to forecast the incidence and prevalence of BPH to 2035.

Methods

Using the data and methods of the Global Burden of Disease 2021, we presented the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of BPH from 1990 to 2021. The trends of burden over time were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes. We applied Bayesian age-period-cohort model to forecast the incidence and prevalence of BPH to 2035.

Results

In 2021, the global number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs of BPH were 137.88, 1125.02, and 22.36 per 100,000 populations, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of BPH remained stable. The highest ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR were recorded in Eastern Europe in 2021. Nationally, China had the highest number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs of BPH. With the increase of socio-demographic index, the trends of ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR all exhibit an initial rise followed by a gradual decline. The global incidence and prevalence are expected to increase from 962.42 to 7878.68 per 100,000 populations in 2022 to 998.55 and 8620.60 per 100,000 populations in 2035, respectively.

Conclusions

The persistent burden of BPH continues to pose a critical public health challenge. The escalating prevalence among middle-aged and elderly populations underscores the imperative to tackle this widespread condition.
Depression care trajectories and sustainable return to work among long-term sick-listed workers: a register-based study (The Norwegian GP-DEP Study)
Authors: Meling Heidi Marie , Baste Valborg , Ruths Sabine , Anderssen Norman , Haukenes Inger
Published: February 2025

Background

Depressive disorders can negatively impact work life sustainability for affected individuals. Little is known about depression care trajectories and their association with sustainable return to work (SRTW) after long-term sick leave. This study aimed to identify depression care trajectories during the first three months of sick leave among long-term sick-listed workers with depression and investigate their associations with SRTW.

Methods

Design

Nationwide cohort study using linked data from Norwegian health and population registries. Study population: All inhabitants of Norway aged 20–64 from 1 January 2009 to 1 April 2011, who were diagnosed with depression in general practice, and had reached three months consecutive sick leave (n = 13 624, 63.7% women). Exposure: Depression care trajectories during the first three months of initial sick leave, identified using group-based multi-trajectory modeling. Types of depression care included were general practitioner (GP) consults, GP longer consults and/or talking therapy, antidepressant medication (MED), and specialized mental healthcare. Outcome: SRTW, measured by accumulated all-cause sickness absence days during two-year follow-up after initial sick leave, with cutoffs at 0, ≤ 30, and ≤ 90 days. Analysis: Gender stratified generalized linear models, used to investigate the associations between depression care trajectories and SRTW, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and sick leave duration.

Results

Four depression care trajectory groups were identified: “GP 12 weeks” (37.2%), “GP 2 weeks” (18.6%), “GP & MED 12 weeks” (40.0%), and “Specialist, GP & MED 12 weeks” (8.7%). The “GP 12 weeks” group (reference) had the highest proportion attaining SRTW for both genders. Men in the “GP 2 weeks” group had a 12–14% lower likelihood for SRTW compared to the reference. Women in the “Specialist,GP & MED 12 weeks 12 weeks” group had a 19- 23% lower likelihood for SRTW compared to the reference.

Conclusion

The association between depression care trajectories and SRTW varies by gender. However, trajectories involving follow-up by the GP, including both standard and longer consults and/or talking therapy over 12 weeks, showed the highest likelihood of SRTW for both genders. Enhancing GP resources could improve SRTW outcomes by allowing more frequent and longer consultations or talking therapy.
Phenotype-based clusters, inflammation and cardiometabolic complications in older people before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: KORA F4/FF4 cohort study
Authors: Huemer Marie-Theres , Spagnuolo Maria C. , Maalmi Haifa , Wagner Robert , Bönhof Gidon J. , Heier Margit , Koenig Wolfgang , Rathmann Wolfgang , Prystupa Katsiaryna , Nano Jana , Ziegler Dan , Peters Annette , Roden Michael , Thorand Barbara , Herder Christian
Published: February 2025

Background

Using a data-driven approach, six clusters with different risk profiles and burden of complications were recently identified in middle-aged people before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to investigate whether these clusters could be generalised to older people and if subclinical inflammation was related to their cardiometabolic risk profiles.

Methods

We assigned 843 participants of the KORA F4 study aged 61–82 years without T2D to the six previously defined phenotype-based clusters. Based on 73 biomarkers of subclinical inflammation, we derived an inflammation-related score (“inflammatory load”) using principal component analysis to assess subclinical inflammation. Risk factors, inflammatory load as well as prevalence and incidence of (pre)diabetes-related complications were compared between the clusters using pairwise comparisons and regression analyses.

Results

Clusters 1 and 2 had the lowest cardiometabolic risk, whereas clusters 5 and 6 the highest. T2D risk was highest in clusters 3, 4, 5, and 6 compared with the low-risk cluster 2 (age- and sex-adjusted ORs between 3.6 and 34.0). In cross-sectional analyses, there were significant between-cluster differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD), distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) and cardiovascular disease (all p < 0.045). In prospective analyses (mean follow-up time 6.5–8.3 years), clusters differed significantly in CKD and DSPN incidence, but not in incident CVD or all-cause mortality. The inflammatory load was highest in the high-risk cluster 5 and lowest in cluster 2. Adjustment for the inflammatory load had only a minor impact on the aforementioned differences in outcomes between clusters.

Conclusions

Our findings extend the knowledge about the previously identified six phenotype-based clusters in older people without T2D. Differences between clusters were more pronounced for T2D risk than for prevalent or incident (pre)diabetes-related complications and absent for mortality. The high cardiometabolic risk corresponded to the high inflammatory load in cluster 5 but not to the lower inflammatory load of high-risk clusters 3 and 6.

Graphical abstract
The clinical outcomes of anterior minimally invasive inverted PHILOS plate fixation for distal humeral shaft fractures
Authors: Fu Gang , Wang Shen’ao , Wu Weiqiang , Lin Fengfei , Li Renbin
Published: February 2025

Background

The unique anatomy and biomechanics of the distal humerus make distal humeral shaft fractures a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery. Conventional posterior surgical approaches are associated with risks such as iatrogenic radial nerve injury and increased soft tissue trauma.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of an inverted PHILOS plate using an anterior minimally invasive percutaneous approach for treating distal humeral shaft fractures.

Methods

We enrolled 32 patients with distal humeral shaft fractures. The surgical technique involved an anterior minimally invasive percutaneous application of an inverted PHILOS plate. Outcome measures included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, fracture healing time, and functional scores (Constant-Murley and Mayo Elbow Performance Scores). Postoperative complications, including nerve injury and nonunion, were documented.

Results

The mean operative time was 1.69 ± 0.66 h, with a median blood loss of 50 ml (IQR: 50–100 ml). The mean incision length was 10.9 ± 1.78 cm, and the mean time to fracture healing was 11.2 ± 3.68 weeks. Functional outcomes were satisfactory, with a mean Constant shoulder score of 92.69 ± 6.6 and a mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score of 91.4 ± 8.04. No instances of iatrogenic nerve injury or nonunion were observed.

Conclusion

The anterior minimally invasive percutaneous approach using an inverted PHILOS plate is an effective method for treating distal humeral shaft fractures. This technique minimizes soft tissue damage, reduces the risk of iatrogenic radial nerve injury, and ensures reliable fracture stabilization, thus offering a promising alternative to conventional posterior approaches.
MMP28 recruits M2-type tumor-associated macrophages through MAPK/JNK signaling pathway-dependent cytokine secretion to promote the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Dong Shi , Li Xin , Chen Zhou , Shi Huaqing , Wang Zhengfeng , Zhou Wence
Published: February 2025

Background

Crosstalk between pancreatic cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is a critical driver of malignant progression, and plays an important role in the low response rate to immunotherapy in patients with for pancreatic cancer. Although it is known that cancer cells induce TAM infiltration and M2 polarization, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we identified matrix metalloproteinase 28 (MMP28), a highly expressed protein, as a key regulator of this process.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining and qRT-PCR were used to validate MMP28 as a potential marker for the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. We evaluated the tumor-promoting effect of MMP28 in vitro with CCK-8, Transwell, and EdU assay and Western blotting and explored the potential mechanism of MMP28-induced M2 polarization of TAMs with a coculture system, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. A subcutaneous graft tumor model was constructed to assess the tumor-promoting effect of MMP28 and its ability to induce M2 TAM infiltration.

Results

The relevant results of this study revealed a strong correlation between MMP28 expression and TAM infiltration, with a predominance of M2-polarized TAMs in pancreatic cancer tissues. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that MMP28 promotes the secretion of multiple cytokines, including IL-8 and VEGFA through the activation of the MAPK/JNK signaling pathway. These cytokines act as potent chemoattractants and polarizing factors for TAMs. Additionally, we discovered an interaction between MMP28 and ANXA2, which contributes to the regulation of TAM recruitment and polarization. In vivo studies confirmed the critical role of MMP28 in tumor growth and TAM infiltration. Depletion of macrophages, inhibition of JNK, or neutralization of IL-8 and VEGFA significantly suppressed tumor progression. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that IL-8 and VEGFA induce M2 TAM polarization by modulating TAM amino acid metabolism.

Conclusions

Collectively, our findings elucidate a novel mechanism by which pancreatic cancer cells manipulate the tumor microenvironment through MMP28-dependent cytokine secretion, promoting TAM infiltration and M2 polarization. These results highlight MMP28 as a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.

Graphical Abstract

Schematic overview of the mechanisms by which MMP28 promotes the migration and polarization of TAMs. High levels of MMP28 promote the secretion of IL-8 and VEGFA by cancer cells by mediating the phosphorylation of the MAPK/JNK signalling pathway and then recruiting TAMs. IL-8 and VEGFA subsequently induce amino acid metabolism alterations in TAMs by binding to relevant receptors on TAMs, which ultimately promote the polarization of TAMs to the M2 phenotype. In addition, ANXA2 increases MMP28-mediated M2 TAM infiltration by interacting with MMP28.
The lncRNA MIR181A1HG in extracellular vesicles derived from highly metastatic colorectal cancer cells promotes liver metastasis by remodeling the extracellular matrix and recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Gu Yichao , Mi Yushuai , Cao Yifan , Yu Kuan , Zhang Zihao , Lian Peng , Li Dawei , Qin Jing , Zhao Senlin
Published: February 2025

Background

Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is the main cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients worldwide. In the initial stage of metastasis, primary tumors provide the necessary conditions for metastasis by shaping the local microenvironment of the target organ, forming “premetastatic niches” (PMNs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in shaping PMNs. Therefore, investigating the EVs involved in the regulation of PMNs and their mechanism is highly valuable for the further understanding of CRLM.

Methods

Transmission electron microscopy and differential ultracentrifugation were used to verify the existence of exosomes. In vivo and in vitro assays were used to identify the roles of MIR181A1HG in EVs in CRLM. RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to clarify the mechanism by which MIR181A1HG in EVs regulated the crosstalk between CRC cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

Results

We demonstrated that the lncRNA MIR181A1HG was progressively upregulated in tissues, serum EVs from healthy normal controls to CRC and paired liver metastatic groups. Additionally, we verified that HNRNPA2B1 mediated the packaging of MIR181A1HG into CRC cell-derived EVs, which in turn functioned as a ceRNA by sponging miR373-3p to activate HSCs via the TGFβRII/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, activated HSCs could secrete the chemokine CXCL12 to promote CRLM by remodeling the extracellular matrix and recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the liver, which resulted in liver metastasis.

Conclusions

MIR181A1HG in EVs from highly metastatic CRC cells promoted CRLM by activating HSCs to form PMNs in the liver, which contributes to the further understanding of the mechanism of CRLM and provides potential predictive markers for CRLM.
Another potential etiology for cardiac manifestation after snakebite
Authors: Aoki Yoshihiro , Smith Chris , Ariyoshi Koya
Published: February 2025

This letter discusses the possibility of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) as an alternative diagnosis in a recently reported case of acute myocardial infarction following a hump-nosed viper bite. The patient’s presentation, including delayed chest tightness, elevated troponin, ECG changes, and normal coronary arteries, coupled with complete recovery within 3 months, strongly suggests TTC. Multiple case reports have documented the association between snakebites and TTC, with proposed pathophysiological mechanisms including sympathetic surge from pain and stress, direct cardiotoxic effects of venom, and inflammatory mediators during envenomation. The excessive catecholamine response may trigger transient cardiac dysfunction characteristic of TTC. Recognizing TTC as a potential complication of snakebites has important clinical implications, as its management and prognosis differ from acute coronary syndrome. Understanding this association may enhance diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies in similar cases, particularly when normal coronary arteries and complete cardiac recovery are observed.
Impact of the hierarchical medical system on the perceived quality of primary care in China: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Zhao Yaxin , Zhai Xiaohui , Zhou Zhongliang , Peng Zixuan , Shen Chi , Fan Xiaojing , Lai Sha , Coyte Peter C.
Published: February 2025

Background

Although the implementation of a hierarchical medical system (HMS) has been shown to improve the allocation of medical resources and patient health-seeking behaviour, its role in patient’s perceived quality of primary care remains unexplored. This study aimed to assess the impact of HMS implementation on rural and urban residents’ perceived quality of primary care.

Methods

Data were obtained from the China Family Panel Study for 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. A total of 40,011 rural and 22,482 urban residents were included in the research participants for analysis. This study adopted a quasi-natural experimental design, and the multiple-period difference-in-differences method was used to capture changes in patient’s perceived quality of primary care before and after the introduction of HMS.

Results

We found that HMS implementation declined the perceived quality of primary care by an average of 18% among rural residents (OR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.68–0.99), while there was no significant change among urban residents (OR: 1.13, 95% CI 0.87–1.46). There was a 24% reduction in the perceived quality of primary care (OR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.96) one year after HMS among rural residents, and there was no statistically significant difference two years after HMS. After HMS implementation, the level of perceived quality of primary care by rural patients with chronic diseases decreased by 72% (OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.11–0.78).

Conclusions

HMS has a limited effect on improving residents’ perceived quality of primary care, especially for those living in rural areas. Policymakers are suggested to establish a quality monitoring system that incorporates patient experience as an essential standard to systematically evaluate the impacts of the HMS, with more efforts being put into helping vulnerable groups such as residents under 60 years old and patients with chronic diseases.
Haematological and serum biochemical derangements induced by acute exposure to didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide in Gallus gallus domesticus
Authors: Abdul Bello Ayema , Isa Hamza Ibrahim , Shittu Muftau
Published: February 2025

Background

Infectious diseases have negatively impacted poultry productivity, thereby causing economic losses and international trade embargoes. Several chemical cocktails are being employed to ‘treat’ such diseases that have defied known interventions. Quaternary ammonium compounds are amongst such chemicals being used to disinfect drinking water of poultry, with a premise of therapeutic effect. Such extra-label use has limited toxicological data. We set out to determine the haematological and serum biochemical derangements associated with acute oral exposure to didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB), in 6-week-old Isa Brown pullets. The pullets were haphazardly assigned into control (n = 10) and DDAB (n = 10) exposed groups. The exposure group was administered, with the aid of an insulin syringe, a single oral dose of DDAB at 360 mg/kg, determined from a previous acute toxicity study.

Results

Following monitoring for toxic signs and/or death during 14 days, blood samples were collected for analyses. Haematological analyses, determined following established principles, revealed significant (p < 0.05) increases in packed cell volume, total erythrocyte counts and monocytes, but decreased heterophil and eosinophil counts, in the birds administered DDAB. Serum biochemical assay for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, appraised using appropriate ELISA kits (Randox® Laboratories), revealed significant (p < 0.05) elevations in these enzymes. Malondialdehyde level was significantly (p < 0.05) raised but glutathione concentration and catalase activity were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Urea and creatinine were significantly (p < 0.05) increased.

Conclusions

At the dose studied, DDAB traversed the digestive tract barrier and accessed systemic circulation to induce haemato-biochemical derangement in chickens. Liver and kidney functions were adversely affected while oxidative distress was induced. Strict adherence to manufacturer’s recommended doses should be practised while using this chemical in water sanitation and other applications in poultry farms.
Unraveling the structural and functional consequences of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in human SOCS2: an in silico approach
Authors: Hossain Tanvir , Islam Md. Nur , Hossain Md. Anwar , Rahman Md. Mofizur , Islam Mohammed Mafizul , Gupta Shipan Das
Published: February 2025

Background

The protein from suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family regulates immune response by modulating the signaling pathways of cytokines. SOCS2, a member of this family, plays an important role in regulating growth hormone receptors, the JAK-STAT pathway, energy homeostasis, and other biological processes. Multiple non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) have been found in the SOCS2 gene, which could affect protein function. However, there is limited understanding of disease susceptibility and abnormal functioning associated with these mutated SOCS2 gene.

Results

In this study, we examined nsSNPs in the human SOCS2 gene to evaluate their effects on protein stability, structure, and function through in silico approaches. SIFT; PhD-SNP, PROVEAN, PMut, PANTHER, PolyPhen-2, SNPs&GO, I-Mutant 3.0, and MUpro were the bioinformatics tools used to forecast the most harmful SNPs. ConSurf found the eight nsSNPs (L71F, G102R, G51E, G47R, R96Q, Y49H, P155Q, and I171S) to be present in highly conserved region, thus affecting their protein stability. The Project HOPE analysis predicts the 3D structure of the eight respective mutated proteins and assesses their potential molecular impact on protein function and structure. After a series of analysis, three mutants (G47R, Y49H, and I171S) were subjected to molecular dynamic simulation, principal component analysis, and free energy landscape to understand their impact during the course of mutation. The STRING algorithm was used to predict protein–protein interactions. Finally, KM plotter analysis showed that deregulation of SOCS2 gene expression has a significant impact on the patients’ survival rate of different types of cancers.

Conclusion

Our study has identified the eight most high-risk SNPs of SOCS2 gene that may contribute to diseases development associated with growth hormone signaling, immune dysregulation, and other energy metabolism.
Pain, Quality of Life, and Mental Health in Adults with X-linked Hypophosphatemia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Espersen Rasmus Bundgaard , Beck-Nielsen Signe Sparre , Rejnmark Lars , Heegaard Anne-Marie
Published: February 2025

Objective

Hereditary hypophosphatemic disorders such as X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) are rare phosphate wasting disorders that cause abnormal bone mineralization, which manifests as bone deformities and dental problems. Pain, stiffness, and fatigue are the main symptoms reported by adult patients with XLH, interfering with their quality of life and activities of daily living. Here we provide a comprehensive evaluation of pain and health related quality of life in patients with XLH.

Design and Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 49 adult patients with XLH and 42 healthy sex- and age- matched control participants underwent pressure algometry to determine pain sensitivity. In addition, we collected patient-reported outcome data on pain, quality of life, and mental health through the following questionnaires: (1) Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, (2) SF-36v2™ Health Survey, (3) painDETECT, (4) Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Bone Pain, (4) Pain Catastrophizing Scale, (5) Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 and (6) Patient Health Questionnaire 9.

Results

Patients with XLH present altered skin but not bone mechanical pressure pain thresholds, which may suggest referred pain through sensitization mechanisms. Questionnaire data highlight significantly higher pain scores in patients with XLH, which correlate with depression scores. Additionally, patients with XLH report decreased quality of life and mental health, increased pain catastrophizing thinking, and anxiety.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that using patient-reported outcomes is important to understand the pain phenotype and mental health in patients with XLH and can be helpful to dictate treatment aimed at improving their pain and quality of life.
Brain Structural and Functional Changes Associated With Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders: Research Update
Authors: Wu Huimin , Ahammed Yaseen , Tian Shouyuan , Liu Yi , Sanders Robert D. , Ma Daqing
Published: February 2025

Postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are frequent and serious perioperative complications in the elderly, and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay, and need for long-term care. At present, the pathogenesis of PND is not completely clear, and there are various risk factors including surgical trauma and stress mediating systemic inflammation towards neuroinflammation development which causes brain structural and functional changes namely PND. For elderly patients, perioperative neurological monitoring may provide insights into brain function status. Monitoring may also help clinicians identify potential risks which would ultimately allow timely and effective intervention for better perioperative safety and prognosis for elderly patients. In this review, we summarize the risk factors and potential mechanisms of PND, and discuss preliminary evidence regarding application of electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography imaging in monitoring the central nervous system during the postoperative period.
Σχολική επίδοση στην γλώσσα, στα μαθηματικά, στην αισθητική και φυσική αγωγή μονοζυγωτικών και διζυγωτικών διδύμων ηλικίας 6 έως 12 ετών
Authors: Νίκας Αθανάσιος
Published: February 2025

Οι μελέτες που έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί σε διδύμους αφορούν πολυδιάστατες περιοχές της βιολογίας, της ψυχολογίας και της κοινωνιολογίας, με στόχο την κατανόηση των γενετικών και περιβαλλοντικών παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την ανθρώπινη ανάπτυξη και τη συμπεριφορά. Η ανάπτυξη και εκπαίδευση διδύμων αποτελεί ένα εξειδικευμένο πεδίο της παιδαγωγικής επιστήμης, καθώς κάθε δίδυμος παρουσιάζει μοναδικά χαρακτηριστικά και ανάγκες. Η εστίαση στην εκπαίδευση διδύμων εμπερικλείει τόσο την κατανόηση των βιολογικών και ψυχολογικών παραγόντων που τους επηρεάζουν, τις δεξιότητές τους ως μαθητών, την εκπαιδευτική τους πορεία και την γενική τους σχολική επίδοση όσο και την αναγνώριση των κοινωνικών και εκπαιδευτικών πλαισίων που μπορούν να συμβάλουν στην ολοκληρωμένη τους ανάπτυξη. Η παρούσα μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε με σκοπό τη διερεύνηση της σχέσης διδυμίας και σχολικής επίδοσης σε παιδιά Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης. Ειδικότερα, εξετάστηκε εάν οι μονοζυγωτικοί και διζυγωτικοί δίδυμοι έχουν την ίδια σχολική επίδοση με συμμαθητές τους που προέρχονται από μονήρεις κυήσεις. Οι επιδόσεις τους συγκρίθηκαν σε πέντε μαθήματα: της Γλώσσας, των Μαθηματικών, της Αισθητικής Αγωγής, που περιλαμβάνει τα Εικαστικά και τη Μουσική, καθώς και της Φυσικής Αγωγής του Αναλυτικού Προγράμματος Σπουδών της Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης. Για την επίτευξη του σκοπού αυτού, διατυπώθηκαν συγκεκριμένες ερευνητικές υποθέσεις και εξετάστηκε η ισχύς τους. Αναλυτικότερα η παρούσα μελέτη επιβεβαιώνει ότι οι μονοζυγωτικοί και διζυγωματικοί δίδυμοι μαθητές δεν διαφέρουν σημαντικά στη σχολική επίδοση μεταξύ τους, αλλά και σε σχέση με τους μαθητές από μονήρεις κυήσεις στο σύνολο του δείγματος. Αυτό ισχύει τόσο για τα αγόρια όσο και για τα κορίτσια, με μοναδική εξαίρεση την επίδοση μεταξύ των διζυγωτικών διδύμων αγοριών και των διζυγωτικών διδύμων κοριτσιών σε σχέση με τα παιδιά από μονήρεις κυήσεις, στα μαθήματα της Γλώσσας και των Μαθηματικών, αντίστοιχα. Τα δεδομένα υποδηλώνουν ότι η διδυμία δεν επηρεάζει την επίδοση των μαθητών στα πέντε αυτά γνωστικά αντικείμενα. Στις υποθέσεις που αξιολογήθηκε η σχολική επίδοση των διδύμων, μονοζυγωτικών και διζυγωτικών, μαθητών και μαθητριών, καθώς και των παιδιών από μονήρεις κυήσεις, βρέθηκε ότι υπάρχει σχέση μεταξύ του φύλου και της σχολικής επίδοσης. Σε αυτό το σημείο, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τις διαφορές που εντοπίσαμε στη μελέτη μας, τόσο μεταξύ των φύλων, όσο και μεταξύ των διδύμων, κρίνουμε απαραίτητο να υπογραμμίσουμε ότι οι διαφοροποιήσεις στις επιδόσεις μεταξύ των διαφόρων ομάδων δεν πρέπει να οδηγούν σε γενικευμένα συμπεράσματα για τα άτομα που ανήκουν σε αυτές τις ομάδες. Οι ατομικές διαφορές και οι ιδιαίτερες επιδόσεις που παρουσιάζουν πρέπει να λαμβάνονται υπόψη και να αξιοποιούνται κατάλληλα κατά την εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Η επίτευξη αυτού του στόχου απαιτεί τη διαφοροποίηση των αναλυτικών προγραμμάτων και των μεθόδων διδασκαλίας για τους διδύμους, διασφαλίζοντας την κάλυψη των εκπαιδευτικών αναγκών κάθε ατόμου.
Risk management
Authors: Maslevich Tat'yana , Syaglova Yuliya
Published: February 2025

The textbook provides a general understanding of scientific methodology, examines the specifics of the subject of research in the social sciences, describes the most common methods of collecting sociological and psychological information (survey, observation, document analysis, testing), as well as data analysis methods (quantitative and qualitative).
Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state educational standards for higher education.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of Economics and Management.
How Does Acute Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training Influence Free Fatty Acids in Obese Individuals?
Authors: Tian Haodong , Xiang Qiu , Huang Li , Liu Haowei , Yu Hanglin , Wu Jinlong , Li Hansen , Kuang Jujiao , Yan Xu , Peng Li
Published: February 2025

Background FFAs play an important role in the obesity management. Recent studies suggest that BFR training may also influence metabolic responses, including the regulation of FFAs in the bloodstream. Understanding how acute BFR resistance training affects FFAs could provide valuable insights into effective interventions for improving metabolic health in this population. Methods A two-arm randomized controlled design was employed. A total of 22 eligible subjects were randomly divided into BFR-RE (n=11) and RE group (RE, n=11). Each participant underwent an acute moderate-intensity exercise intervention. Venous blood samples were collected at Pre, Post 0h, Post 1h, and Post 24h. FFAs, ANG-Ⅱ, NO, HIF-1α, and VEGF-A were measured. Results Significant group effects were observed in FFAs, ANG-Ⅱ, VEGF-A, and NO; significant time effects were observed in FFAs and NO; significant interactions of group*time were observed in HIF-1α and NO. In BFR-RE group, FFAs significantly decreased at Post 1h and Post 24h; HIF-1α increased significantly at Post 0h, Post 1h, and Post 24h; VEGF-A significantly increased at Post 0h and then decreased until Post 24h. In RE group, FFAs also significantly decreased at Post 1h and Post 24h; HIF-1α significantly decreased at Post 24h; NO significantly decreased at Post 0h, then increased until Post 24h. Conclusions BFR-RE showed advantages in reducing the plasma FFAs of obese individuals compared to RE. The vasodilation and angiogenic responses induced by BFR-RE may be the reason for this difference, which supported BFR-RE as a hypoxic training modality to improve obesity.
Non-Monotonicity of Branching Rules with Respect to Linear Relaxations
Authors: Shah Prachi , Dey Santanu S. , Molinaro Marco
Published: February 2025

Modern mixed-integer programming solvers use the branch-and-cut framework, where cutting planes are added to improve the tightness of the linear programming (LP) relaxation, with the expectation that the tighter formulation would produce smaller branch-and-bound trees. In this work, we consider the question of whether adding cuts will always lead to smaller trees for a given fixed branching rule. We formally call such a property of a branching rule monotonicity. We prove that any branching rule which exclusively branches on fractional variables in the LP solution is nonmonotonic. Moreover, we present a family of instances where adding a single cut leads to an exponential increase in the size of full strong branching trees, despite improving the LP bound. Finally, we empirically attempt to estimate the prevalence of nonmonotonicity in practice while using full strong branching. We consider randomly generated multidimensional knapsacks tightened by cover cuts as well as instances from the MIPLIB 2017 benchmark set for the computational experiments. Our main insight from these experiments is that if the gap closed by cuts is small, change in tree size is difficult to predict, and often increases, possibly due to inherent nonmonotonicity. However, when a sufficiently large gap is closed, a significant decrease in tree size may be expected.

History: Accepted by Alice E. Smith, Andrea Lodi / Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete.

Funding: This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant F9550-22-1-0052].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2024.0709 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2024.0709 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Join-the-Shortest Queue with Abandonment: Critically Loaded and Heavily Overloaded Regimes
Authors: Jhunjhunwala Prakirt R. , Zubeldia Martin , Maguluri Siva Theja
Published: February 2025

We consider a load-balancing system composed of a fixed number of single-server queues operating under the well-known join-the-shortest queue policy and where jobs/customers are impatient and abandon if they do not receive service after some (random) amount of time. In this setting, we characterize the centered and appropriately scaled steady-state queue-length distribution (hereafter referred to as limiting distribution) in the limit as the abandonment rate goes to zero at the same time as the load either converges to one or is larger than one. Depending on the arrival, service, and abandonment rates, we observe three different regimes of operation that yield three different limiting distributions. The first regime is when the system is underloaded, and its load converges relatively slowly to one. In this case, abandonments do not affect the limiting distribution, and we obtain the same exponential distribution as in the system without abandonments. When the load converges to one faster, we have the second regime, where abandonments become significant. Here, the system undergoes a phase transition, and the limiting distribution is a truncated Gaussian. Further, the third regime is when the system is heavily overloaded, and so, the queue lengths are very large. In this case, we show that the limiting distribution converges to a normal distribution. To establish our results, we first prove a weaker form of state space collapse by providing a uniform bound on the second moment of the (unscaled) perpendicular component of the queue lengths, which shows that the system behaves like a single-server queue. We then use exponential Lyapunov functions to characterize the limiting distribution of the steady-state queue-length vector.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CMMI-2140534 and EPCN-2144316].
The role of nutrition in wound healing and implications for nursing practice
Authors: Hill Barry , Mitchell Aby , Szydlowska Agnieszka , Sparks Chrystal , Dunn Hannah , Berry Harri
Published: February 2025

Nutrition plays a vital role in wound healing, influencing both the speed and quality of recovery. The wound healing process encompasses haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling, each reliant on specific nutrients. This article summarises the current literature on the role of nutrition in wound healing, focusing on key nutrients: proteins, vitamins (A, C, E, K), and minerals (zinc, iron, copper, manganese), essential for collagen synthesis, immune function, and cellular activity. Nurses are pivotal in assessing nutritional status, implementing dietary interventions, and educating patients and caregivers about the importance of nutrition in wound care. Practical strategies include personalised dietary plans, appropriate use of nutritional supplements, and regular monitoring of nutritional intake and wound healing progress. Although the benefits of nutrition in wound healing are well established, challenges persist, particularly in the limited evidence beyond pressure injuries and the constrained efficacy of supplementation without deficiencies. A multidisciplinary approach is critical to optimise nutritional support and improve patient outcomes in wound healing.
Local System of Simple Locally Finite Associative Algebras
Authors: Assady Hasan
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In this paper, we study local systems of locally finite associative algebras over fields of characteristic p\ge0. We describe the perfect local systems and study the relation between them and their corresponding locally finite associative algebras. 1-perfect and conical local systems are also be considered and described briefly
Death Instinct and Mental Conflict in Sabina Spielrein’s Early Work (1911–1912)
Authors: Caropreso Fátima
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Over a period of twenty years, Sabina Spielrein developed an extensive and original psychoanalytic theory, which makes her deserving of a place alongside the great thinkers of psychoanalysis. Although in recent decades, there has been growing recognition of her life and work, the importance of her theoretical contributions (Spielrein, 2019a [1911], 2019b [1912], 2015 [1922], 2019c [1923], 2019d [1923]), her influence on later psychoanalytic thought and the role she played in the history of psychoanalysis have not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss some Spielrein’s main hypotheses in her first two publications, “On the Psychological Content of a Case of Schizophrenia” (2019a [1911]) and “Destruction as the Cause of Becoming” (2019b [1912]). Through theoretical and conceptual analysis, I argue that she developed an original view of mental dynamics and mental conflict, particularly in her claim that the death instinct and the species-psyche are the foundation of all psychic processes.
Differentiable Imaging: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook
Authors: Chen Ni , Lam Edmund , Brady David
Published: February 2025

Differentiable imaging has emerged as a transformative paradigm in computational imaging by enabling end-to-end optimization of complex computational-optical systems. This framework bridges the gap between physical reality and computational models through differentiable programming, addressing long-standing challenges in uncertainty quantification, system design, and computational complexity. We review recent advances that demonstrate how differentiable imaging enables simultaneous optimization of physical and computational elements, enhances reconstruction accuracy, and expands imaging capabilities beyond traditional limits. We examine how this approach systematically addresses both deterministic and stochastic uncertainties while enabling novel system co-design strategies. The review analyzes emerging challenges in numerical modeling, computational efficiency, and system integration, exploring how digital twin architectures may offer promising solutions for next-generation imaging systems. Looking ahead, we discuss key opportunities and fundamental questions in theoretical foundations, system innovation, and scientific applications that will shape the future of differentiable imaging.
Description of physical activity and screen time among U.S. middle school students
Authors: Zhou Mi , Zhao Zikun , Li Xiaoran , Jin Yanxuan , Hong Xinlei , He Haoning , Zhao Mengchu , Song Xiaomei
Published: February 2025

Background

Physical activity (PA) is important for students in secondary school, however, trends in PA among secondary school students have shown a significant decline. There is a need to understand the PA of middle school students.

Objective

The first objective is to identify the PA levels and screen time of students in middle school. The second objective of the study is to examine the PA levels and screen time among students of different genders.

Methods

Participants from four consecutive two-year cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2015–2016, and 2017–2018) were included in this study. Spearman correlation model was used to identify the correlation between participants’ demographics, PA, and screen time data. Negative binomial regression model was used to describe students’ PA and screen time (Dependent variable) in different grades (Independent variables). Gender and Age were taken as control variables.

Results

After the data preprocessing, 2516 participants were included in this study. A significant correlation has been found between grade and PA, instead of screen time. Negative binomial regression shows that students have the lowest PA in their transition year grade 6, and their screen time decreased with the grade increased. Significant differences can be found across gender. Future efforts should focus on developing school transition support programs designed to improve PA.
Morphological characterization and DNA barcoding of Ruellia sp. in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almuteri Jawaher Saad , Al wahaibi Mona Soliman , Mustafa Abd El-Zaher Mohamad , Alshaqhaa Manal Abdullah , Afzal Muhammed , Alshehri Manar Dhafer
Published: February 2025

The genus Ruellia L. belongs to this family and its plants are herbs or shrubs. This genus was first detected in the tropical and subtropical regions. The primary objective this study is to identify the various species within the genus Ruellia using both morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding methods. For this purpose, plant samples were meticulously collected from eight distinct natural habitats across the region. All vegetative and floral parts were examined using a binocular microscope. All parts are measured and photographed. To ensure accurate identification and characterization, four molecular barcoding markers were employed: Psbk-psbi, trnH-psbA, rbcL, and AtpF-AtpH. Eight Ruellia species were identified from different regions: Abha, Aseer (24651), Jazan (24652), Malacosperma, Patula, Taif (24650 rose), Taif (24650 violet), and Taif (24650 white). The species were confirmed using specimens from the King Saud University herbarium. Notably, the samples collected from Taif, which had flowers of different colors, were determined to represent a single species with different genotypes. The use of four DNA barcode markers (Psbk-psbi, trnH-psbA, rbcL, and AtpF-AtpH) facilitated the identification of five distinct species: R. tweediana, R. sp. SH2010, R. carolinensis, R. simplex, and R. patula. These findings confirmed the dominant Ruellia species in Saudi Arabia and demonstrated the reliability of DNA barcode markers for species identification. Further assessment of these species’ adaptability, molecular genetics, and functional genomics is necessary for their commercial utilization in the region. These species are recorded for the first time in Saudi Arabia and represent the first record.
Envisioning climate futures: Applying CreativeVoice as a research method in community art workshops
Authors: DiCindio Carissa , Green Jenna S. , Keats Jonathon
Published: February 2025

This article examines how artist activations can involve communities in discussions of climate futures by empowering people to envision new, future-oriented avenues for change and connect these concepts to their own lived experiences. In this study, we used CreativeVoice, a research methodology that engages participants in the creation of knowledge, asking them to document and share their experiences through artmaking. Study participants engaged with Jonathon Keats’s art through community workshops focused on local ecology in Tucson, Arizona. Participants were then invited to continue creating art to connect these themes to their daily lives. They shared their art and experiences with each other in focus groups and with their communities through an art exhibition. We share successes, challenges and future directions of this work in engaging community art and ecological futures.
Not a snow fort
Authors: Rowe Allison
Published: February 2025

In art education, material limitations often lead to unexpected innovation by obliging makers and their teachers to grapple with the conditions of their environment through new and creative forms. This visual essay documents one such turn after an unseasonably warm winter necessitated the reconstitution of a snow sculpting curriculum for children from the Dovercourt Boys & Girls Club into a day of outdoor artmaking about the unstable conditions of the natural world. Included in their revised curriculum was an aesthetic scavenger hunt developed to attune young artists to natural materials. In response to this invitation, the children unexpectedly self-organized to create their own environmental, visual scavenger hunt. This visual essay records their teacher and collaborator’s uptake of their prompts to tell the story of the co-emergent learning possibilities that environmental artmaking can offer in times of instability and crisis.