bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ACCURACY OF LIQUID BASE PAP SMEAR VS CONVENTIONAL PAP SMEAR CYTOLOGY
Authors: Alama Khalid , Abakar Adam Dawoud
Published: September 2020

The main aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Liquid base versus Conventional smears (CS). The specific objective was to evaluate and compare efficacy liquid base cytology with conventional cytology (CS) as a screening tool and to assess the quality of immunohistochemical stain in conventional smears. A prospective study including 100 cervical samples over a period of six month. Split sample was obtained using cervex-brush. CS was prepared from the brush and the brush head was suspended in the LBC vial and processed by thin prep 5000 machine. The smears were stained with Pap stain and extra five conventional and thin prep slides prepared and stained with immunomarker. Results showed that there were 4.0% unsatisfactory (U/S) cases in CS and 1.0% in LBC; the main cause was ranging between obscuring blood and inflammation in CS and low squamous cellularity in LBC. About 5% split samples had epithelial abnormalities both in CS and LBC (3% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), devided between LBS 2% while CS1%.Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) 2%, devided between LBC 1% and CS 1%. Infections as Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and spores of candida species, 1% and 2% respectively detected only in LBC smear and missed in CS preparations of the same samples, considering 2-3 minutes for LBC screening and 5-6 minutes for CS screening following the international standards. Conventional smears did not appear to confer a cytomorphological advantage and has a lower diagnostic accuracy using IHC. The sensitivity of Thin Prep was significantly higher than that of CS due to cellular clumps and presence of marked inflammatory cells and blood which compete other epithelial cellular elements in staining affinity in addition to the length of the smear which need large volume of stains to cover the whole area. While the confined area of thin prep smear and homogenous cellular distribution support the advantages of thin prep over the conventional smear when using IHC stain. The study concluded that LBC technique leads to significant reduction of U/S rate. LBC samples offered better clarity, uniform spread of smears, less time for screening and better handling of hemorrhagic and inflammatory samples. In addition to feasibility to do further special stains and HPV tests. LBC had equivalent sensitivity and specificity to CS.
SONOGRAPHIC INCIDENCE OF CHOLELITHIASIS IN THE INDIVIDUAL WITH POSITIVE FAMIL HISTORY
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Javaid Mishal , Khan Midrarullah , Zubair Muhammad , Ali Noraiz , Bacha Prof. Dr. Raham , Yousaf Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Background: The incidence of Cholelithiasis is definitely recognized through propelling ages, as gallbladder stones are unordinary in individuals more young then 30 years for the most part with the recurrence running from 10 to 20% of the aggregate population. It represents a major burden for healthiness global and are one of the most widely recognized issue presenting to emergency room. Ultrasound is perceived as the highest quality level for diagnosing gallstones.Objectives: The present study was aims to establish the sonographic incidence of Cholelithiasis in the individual with positive family history.Material and Method: The Cross sectional study was included 130 patients. This study was conducted at the Department of Radiology in Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. The duration of study was from 15 July to 15 October 2019. Data was analysis by Statistical Software for Social Sciences “SPSS version 24”. Results: Overall 130 patients included in this study. Out of 130, female individuals was 85(65.4%) and male 45(34.6%). Epigastric pain was in all individuals 130(100%). Out of 130 patients, gallstones found in 76(58.4%) patients, in which males are 21(16.2%), females 55(42.3%) and the remaining 54(41.5%) patients had no stone. In 130 patients, 37(28.5%) had positive family history and 93(71.5%) negative family history.Conclusion: It is suggested that all individuals who have epigastric pain should go through process of ultrasonography. The overall prevalence of gallstone disease was 28.5%. The occurrences of gallbladder stones were revealed several folds elevated in female while contrast with male.
ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC COST (QALY AND ACUR) OF OBESITY IN THE BAMENDA MUNICIPALITY OF THE NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON
Authors: Kinga Bertila Mayin , Fabien Sundjo , Mbacham Wilfred Fon
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Five people die every minute, 75 people every 15minutes and 7.671 persons each day from obesity-related complications in the world (WHO, 2014). Overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risks for global deaths (WHO, 2014).  In June 2013, the American Medical Association recognized obesity as a disease (WHO, 2014. In Cameroon, the obesity figures stood at 9.6% second in CEMAC after Gabon which was 15% in 2014 (WHO 2014). In addition, 44% of the diabetes burden, 23% of the hypertension burden and between 7% and 41% of certain cancer burdens and 60% of Cardiovascular Disease in Cameroon were attributable to overweight and obesity in that same year (WHO, 2014).Purpose: This study purports to calculate the obesity QALY and ACUR and to scrutinize the effect of obesity on mobility index and age at death in the North West region of Cameroon.Methodology: To calculate the QALY and ACUR, data was collected secondary source making up 149 individuals aged 50 and above who died in the Bamenda general hospital from obesity related illnesses between 2016 and 2018. To generate the mobility index, we issued and corrected the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire for testing quality of life to238 individuals in the Bamenda Municipality. To ensure the reliability of the instrument, Pre-tests were conducted. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the calculation of QALY.Findings: The Average cost utility ratios’ (ACURs) show that obesity treatment in the Bamenda Municipality will result in a 0.275 QALYs gained and monthly ACURs of $3,578.18/QALY. It also shows that obesity significantly and negatively influences mobility index and age at death. We thus conclude that obesity incurred major economic cost.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Policy wise, the “2M (Mentality and Motivation) concept” of obesity treatment is recommended as major contributions to theory, practice and policy. This will lead to a change in the perception and motivation toward treating obesity.
CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADAPTED TO FINANCIAL DISTRESS FACING LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN KENYA.
Authors: Ntoiti Dr. John , Gakure Prof. Roselyn W. , Waititu Dr. Gichuhi A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the contribution of Information Technology adapted to financial distress facing Local Authorities in Kenya.Methodology: A descriptive research design was used to conduct the study. The study population comprised of the 175 Local Authorities in Kenya. A sample of 20 Local Authorities was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data from both the Local Authorities officers and customers of Local Authorities.   The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative responses were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Results indicated that Information Technology was inadequate in Local Authorities. In addition, the Management Information System was not enhancing the growth of Local Authorities. The results further indicated that Information Technology was a significant determinant of financial distress in Local Authorities.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that ICT skills for Local Authority staff should be enhanced through training. The Local Authorities should invest in more computers and ICT software as doing so would improve the financial fortunes of such local authorities. It was further recommended that all Local Authorities should prioritize the implementation of LAIFOMS.
PEMBERIAN MP- ASI TIDAK BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 1- 3 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SUMBANG I KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Sawitri Dewi  , Ikhwah Mu’minah.
Published: September 2020

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem, meaning that this situation increase as a result of nutritional deficiencies that have accumulated over a long period of time. Age 0-24 months is a critical period in the growth and development of children, because this is the period of the most optimal period of child both for intelligence and physical. WHO / UNICEF recommends 4 important things that must be done, they are: first giving milk to the baby immediately within 30 minutes after birth, second giving only breast milk or exclusive breastfeeding until the baby is 6 months old, third giving complementary feeding (MP-ASI) since the baby aged 6-24 months and fourth continue breastfeeding until the child is 24 months or older. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding (MP-ASI), maternal income and education to the incidence of stunting in the Sumbang I Puskesmas Kabupaten Banyumas.This research is a descriptive analytic using cross sectional design. The population and sample are all children under the age of 12-36 months in the working area of the Puskesmas Sumbang I. Samples were obtained by purposive sampling method. Data collection methods by filling out questionnaires regarding the history of exclusive breastfeeding, MP-ASI and education and income of parents. Stunting data were obtained by measuring the height of a toddler using Microtoice compared to toddler age.The results showed no significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.372), MP- ASI (p = 0.823), education level (p = 0.979) and family income (p = 0.13) to the incidence of stunting in the region of Puskesmas Sumbang I in Kabupaten Banyumas and all variables are not risk factors for stunting.
LA INVESTIGACIÓN FORMATIVA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ALTIPLANO DE PUNO
Authors: Machaca Escobar Cesar
Published: September 2020

La humanidad está sujeto al desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología, en la actualidad estas se retroalimentan con los saberes, y de los conocimientos. En este sentido, la reciente implementación del currículo por competencias la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, prioriza la formación académica mediante los componentes curriculares que tienen como finalidad la investigación formativa respecto al estado de cosas, sobre todo la discusión y la conclusión, a través de la acopio y sistematización de información y resultados en un contexto, el cual permite la familiarización de los estudiantes de pregrado.

Para ello, la labor de la universidad es investigar y como tal constituye el epicentro de la construcción del conocimiento con un tratamiento epistemológico sujeto a la dinamicidad y adaptación a la crisis de un modelo, y así eclosione otro. La sociedad académica en el marco de la construcción del conocimiento contextual en nuestra primera casa superior de estudios como parte de la comunidad científica. Son retos para impulsar el cambio de concepción en la educación universitaria, de tal modo es una época de conversión del encasillamiento en escritorio e instrucción mecanizada por la internalización mediante el contacto con la realidad en las diversas áreas del saber.
Aspectos reprodutivos de Serrapinnus notomelas (Characiformes: Cheirodontinae) em igarapés da bacia do rio Machado, sudoeste Amazônico
Authors: Costa Igor David da , Nunes Natalia Neto dos Santos
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estratégia reprodutiva de Serrapinnus notomelas em igarapés da bacia do rio Machado, sudoeste da Amazônia. As coletas foram realizadas no período de abril de 2015 a março de 2016 em dois igarapés, utilizando rede de cerco e redes de mão ao longo de um trecho de 50 m do igarapé. Foram coletados 122 indivíduos, sendo 38 machos e 84 fêmeas (proporção-sexual; 2 fêmeas: 1 macho). O tamanho dos indivíduos variou de 1,7 a 4,0 cm, não havendo diferenças entre o comprimento médio de machos e fêmeas (U = 1406,5; df = 121; p = 0,29). O tamanho da primeira reprodução para fêmeas foi de 2,6 cm e dos machos, 3,6 cm. A desova foi caracterizada como sendo do tipo total e a estação reprodutiva da espécie ocorreu no período chuvoso. Esses resultados preenchem lacunas científicas referentes à biologia de espécies de pequeno porte de igarapés amazônicos.
Picturing Russia’s Men
Authors: Leigh Allison
Published: September 2020

Winner of the Heldt Prize for Best Book in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Women's and Gender Studies 2021

There was a discontent among Russian men in the nineteenth century that sometimes did not stem from poverty, loss, or the threat of war, but instead arose from trying to negotiate the paradoxical prescriptions for masculinity which characterized the era. Picturing Russia’s Men takes a vital new approach to this topic within masculinity and art historical studies by investigating the dissatisfaction that developed from the breakdown in prevailing conceptions of manhood outside of the usual Western European and American contexts. By exploring how Russian painters depicted gender norms as they were evolving over the course of the century, each chapter shows how artworks provide unique insight into not only those qualities that were supposed to predominate, but actually did in lived practice. Drawing on a wide variety of source material, including previously untranslated letters, journals, and contemporary criticism, the book explores the deep structures of masculinity to reveal the conflicting desires and aspirations of men in the period. In so doing, readers are introduced to Russian artists such as Karl Briullov, Pavel Fedotov, Alexander Ivanov, Ivan Kramskoi, and Ilia Repin, all of whom produced masterpieces of realist art in dialogue with paintings made in Western European artistic centers. The result is a more culturally discursive account of art-making in the nineteenth century, one that challenges some of the enduring myths of masculinity and provides a fresh interpretive history of what constitutes modernism in the history of art.
RainForest: A random forest algorithm for quantitative precipitation estimation over Swizerland
Authors: Wolfensberger Daniel , Gabella Marco , Boscacci Marco , Germann Urs , Berne Alexis
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is a difficult task, particularly in complex topography, and requires the adjustment of empirical relations between radar observables and precipitation quantities, as well as methods to transform observations aloft to estimations at the ground level. In this work, we tackle this classical problem with a new twist, by training a random forest (RF) regression to learn a QPE model directly from a large database comprising four years of combined gauge and polarimetric radar observations. This algorithm is carefully fine-tuned by optimizing its hyper-parameters and then compared with MeteoSwiss' current operational non-polarimetric QPE method. The evaluation shows that the RF algorithm is able to significantly reduce the error and the bias of the predicted precipitation intensities, especially for large and solid/mixed precipitation. In weak precipitation, however, and despite a-posteriori bias correction, the RF method has a tendency to overestimate. The trained RF is then adapted to run in a quasi-operational setup providing 5 minute QPE estimates on a Cartesian grid, using a simple temporal disaggregation scheme. A series of six case-studies reveal that the RF method creates realistic precipitation fields, with no visible radar artifacts, that appear less smooth then the original non-polarimetric QPE, and offers an improved performance for five out of six events.
Comparison of past and future simulations of ENSO in CMIP5/PMIP3 and CMIP6/PMIP4 models
Authors: Brown Josephine R. , Brierley Chris M. , An Soon-Il , Guarino Maria-Vittoria , Stevenson Samantha , Williams Charles J. R. , Zhang Qiong , Zhao Anni , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Braconnot Pascale , Brady Esther C. , Chandan Deepak , D'Agostino Roberta , Guo Chuncheng , LeGrande Allegra N. , Lohmann Gerrit , Morozova Polina A. , Ohgaito Rumi , O'ishi Ryouta , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Peltier W. Richard , Shi Xiaoxu , Sime Louise , Volodin Evgeny M. , Zhang Zhongshi , Zheng Weipeng
Published: September 2020

Abstract. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the strongest
mode of interannual climate variability in the current climate, influencing
ecosystems, agriculture, and weather systems across the globe, but future
projections of ENSO frequency and amplitude remain highly uncertain. A
comparison of changes in ENSO in a range of past and future climate
simulations can provide insights into the sensitivity of ENSO to changes in
the mean state, including changes in the seasonality of incoming solar
radiation, global average temperatures, and spatial patterns of sea surface
temperatures. As a comprehensive set of coupled model simulations is now
available for both palaeoclimate time slices (the Last Glacial Maximum,
mid-Holocene, and last interglacial) and idealised future warming scenarios
(1 % per year CO2 increase, abrupt four-time CO2
increase), this allows a detailed evaluation of ENSO changes in this wide
range of climates. Such a comparison can assist in constraining uncertainty
in future projections, providing insights into model agreement and the
sensitivity of ENSO to a range of factors. The majority of models simulate a
consistent weakening of ENSO activity in the last interglacial and
mid-Holocene experiments, and there is an ensemble mean reduction of
variability in the western equatorial Pacific in the Last Glacial Maximum
experiments. Changes in global temperature produce a weaker precipitation
response to ENSO in the cold Last Glacial Maximum experiments and an
enhanced precipitation response to ENSO in the warm increased CO2
experiments. No consistent relationship between changes in ENSO amplitude
and annual cycle was identified across experiments.
Biologically active compounds contained in grape pomace
Authors: Vojáčková Klára , Mlček Jiří , Škrovánková Soňa , Adámková Anna , Adámek Martin , Orsavová Jana , Bučková Martina , Fic Vlastimil , Kouřimská Lenka , Búran Martin
Published: September 2020

A healthy lifestyle and gastronomic trends based on traditional and local foods accompanied by waste-free technologies are currently in the primary focus. One of the raw materials with properties in alignment with such requirements is grape pomace. This paper evaluates the antioxidant activity of grape pomace (which is homogenized into a brown powder) and selected commonly available commercial flours – wheat bread, rye plain, and rye whole grain flour – using DPPH (2,2‑diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and total polyphenol content method, where was used Folin-Ciocalteaure agent and then it was determined by spectrophotometric method (the measure of absorbance). The total amount of polyphenols in grape pomace was measured of 47.94 mg GAE.g-1, but the value 0.27 mg GAE.g-1 was measured in wheat bread flour. Grape pomace performed the antioxidant activity of 57.45 mg AAE.g-1, whereas wheat bread flour of only 0.21 mg AAE.g‑1 Compared to selected commercial flours, the total amount of polyphenols in grape pomace was up to 150 times higher and the ratio of antioxidant activity between grape pomace and wheat bread flour was even more than 280 times higher. This makes it possible to fortify commercial, commonly available flours with different amount of grape pomace so that products with a higher amount of biologically active substances can be prepared. Another benefit could be a reduction in health risks and a contribution to improving consumer health.
Na granicy Brazylijsko – Polskiej: współpraca naukowa w dziedzinie antropologii sądowej w służbie prawom człowieka
Authors: Górka Katarzyna , Plens Cláudia Regina
Published: September 2020

Współpraca naukowa jest nieodłączną częścią współczesnych badań naukowych, niezależnie od dziedziny nauki. Niniejszy artykuł kontekstualizuje sytuację, która doprowadziła do spotkania polskich i brazylijskich naukowców, które zaowocowało bardzo efektywnym i owocnym partnerstwem naukowym. Współpraca początkowo przybrała formę post-doktoratu i rozwinęła się w skonsolidowaną grupę badawczą i międzynarodowy projekt badawczy. Wspólnym wątkiem wszystkich tych działań jest antropologia sądowa i jej rola w prawach człowieka.
Necropolítica austral: modernidade, guerra e nação na Argentina do século XIX
Authors: Feltrin Souza Fabio
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação entre a noção de biopolítica, a guerra contra o indígena e a constituição nacional da Argentina no século XIX. Para isso, parte-se da concepção foucualtiana, calcada na reflexão da emergência de uma nova tecnologia de governo, a de “fazer viver, deixar morrer”, e procura-se cotejá-la e expandi-la com os escritos de Giorgio Agamben e a noção de necropolítica, cunhada por Achille Mbembe, já que é possível identificar, no caso argentino, a constituição de uma máquina de morte que visou, antes de garantir a vida, a destruição material dos corpos e populações humanos julgados como descartáveis e supérfluos. Esta análise terá seu foco na chamada “Conquista do deserto”, um ousado plano militar implementado pelo Estado argentino contra os indígenas no pampa.
Sequential Activation of AMPA Receptors and Glial Cells in a Pain Model of Lumbar Spine Disc Herniation
Authors: Kwak Dong Gyu , Lee Dong Gyu
Published: September 2020

Objective To investigate the glial cell and AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor activity after surgery for disc herniation pain model.Methods In total, 83 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (n=16), sham-operated (n=4), rats for pain behavior evaluation (n=3), nucleus pulposus-exposed groups for AMPA receptors (n=30), and glial cell (n=30). The rats were tested for mechanical allodynia; immunohistochemical staining for AMPA receptors (GluA1 and GluA2) and glial cells (OX-42 and glial fibrillary acid protein [GFAP]) in the spinal dorsal horn was performed on postoperative days 3, 7, and 14.Results Mechanical withdrawal thresholds decreased after surgery, and this effect was maintained for up to 14 days. Immunohistochemical expression of GluA1 and GluA2 in the spinal dorsal horn had increased quantitatively on postoperative days 3 and 7 (p<0.05) to levels similar to that of the controls on postoperative day 14. Moreover, immunohistochemical expression of OX-42 and GFAP showed similar changes to AMPA receptors after surgery. Although the activity of AMPA receptors and glial cells achieved normalcy, the mechanical withdrawal threshold of the hind paw remained decreased 38 days after surgery.Conclusion The rat model of lumbar disc herniation showed increased expression of AMPA receptor and glial cell activity in the spinal dorsal horn 3 and 7 days after surgery, which deceased to control levels at 14 days. The AMPA receptors and glial cell activations showed similar patterns after disc herniation surgery.
What is the Adequate Cuff Volume for Tracheostomy Tube? A Pilot Cadaver Study
Authors: Kim Dong Min , Shin Myung Jun , Kim Sung Dong , Shin Yong Beom , Park Ho Eun , Kim Young Mo , Yoon Jin A
Published: September 2020

Objective To determine the patterns of tracheostomy cuff pressure changes with various air inflation amounts in different types of tracheostomy tubes to obtain basic data for appropriately managing longterm tracheostomy.Methods We performed tracheostomy on a 46-year-old male cadaver. Three types of tracheostomy tubes (single-cuffed, double-cuffed, and adjustable flange), divided into 8 different subtypes based on internal tube diameters and cuff diameters, were inserted into the cadaver. Air was inflated into the cuff, and starting with 1 mL air, the cuff pressure was subsequently measured using a manometer.Results For the 7.5 mm/14 mm tracheostomy tube, cuff inflation with 3 mL of air yielded a cuff pressure within the recommended range of 20–30 cmH2O. The 7.5 mm/24 mm tracheostomy tube showed adequate cuff pressure at 5 mL of air inflation. Similar values were observed for the 8.0 mm/16 mm and 8.0 mm/27 mm tubes. Double-cuffed tracheostomy cuff pressures (7.5 mm/20 mm and 8.0 mm/20 mm tubes) at 3 mL air inflation had cuff pressures of 18–20 cmH2O at both the proximal and distal sites. For the adjustable flange tracheostomy tube, cuff pressure at 6 mL of cuff air inflation was within the recommended range. Maximal cuff pressure was achieved at inflation with almost 14 mL of air, unlike other tube types.Conclusion Various types of tracheostomy tubes showed different cuff pressures after inflation. These values might aid in developing guidelines For patients who undergo tracheostomy and are discharged home without cuff pressure manometers, this standard might be helpful to develop guidelines.
Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Improvements in Lymphedema, Quality of Life, and Fibrous Tissue in Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Authors: Lee Kyeong Woo , Kim Sang Beom , Lee Jong Hwa , Kim Young Sam
Published: September 2020

Objective To evaluate the effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on improving lymphedema, quality of life, and fibrous tissue in patients with stage 2 lymphedema.Methods Breast cancer-related lymphedema patients referred to the rehabilitation center were recruited. We enrolled stage 2 lymphedema patients who had firmness of the skin at their forearm, a circumference difference of more than 2 cm between each arm, or a volume difference between upper extremities greater than 200 mL, confirmed by lymphoscintigraphy. The patients were randomly divided into the ESWT group and the control group. ESWT was performed for 3 weeks (two sessions per week); both groups received complex decongestive physical therapy. All patients were evaluated at baseline and at 3 weeks after treatment. The measurements performed included visual analog scale score, volume, circumference, QuickDASH (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score, bioelectrical impedance, and skin thickness.Results The patients in both groups (n=15 in each group) completed the 3-week therapy experiment. No significant differences were observed in demographic characteristics between groups. After the 3-week treatment period, improvement was noted in the circumference difference below the elbow, volume, ratio of extracellular water to total body water, and skin thickness in the ESWT group. A significant difference was found in all the above-mentioned areas except in circumference below the elbow in the ESWT group.Conclusion ESWT reduced edema and skin fibrosis without significant complications. Therefore, ESWT can be used together with complex decongestive physical therapy for treating lymphedema.
Mechanical Properties and Free Formaldehyde Content of Particleboards Produced using Ammonium Sulphate-Based Hardener Partially Replaced with Tartaric Acid
Authors: Španić Nikola , Jambreković Vladimir , Kljak Jaroslav , Mihulja Goran , Milanović Željko
Published: September 2020

The use of resins, whose curing reaction takes place by high temperature and hardener addition, is inevitably involved in particleboard manufacturing process. In addition to commercial hardeners, such as ammonium sulphate, with the aim of optimizing the production process and reducing the production costs, a certain percentage of hardener can, among other things, be replaced with price affordable bio-based materials. Tartaric acid, that is its salts (tartrates), which are commercially produced for the needs of wine and food industries, are a part of the aforementioned group of products. Since tartaric acid is a relatively inexpensive, readily available, weak diprotic and aldaric acid, the question arises whether it can be used as a component of the hardener system for curing urea-formaldehyde resins that are commercially used in particleboard production. For that reason, in this paper, the influence of partial replacement of ammonium sulphate hardener with tartaric acid on the mechanical properties (bending strength, modulus of elasticity and internal bond) and free formaldehyde content of experimentally produced particleboards was examined. Boards thickness, density and moisture content were also determined. The test results suggest that tartaric acid has a beneficial effect on the above particleboard properties, but they also indicate that the extent of that effect is strongly dependent on panel press time.
A Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica no Novo CPC
Authors: Barreto Helena Guimarães
Published: September 2020

O Novo Código de Processo Civil e o Incidente de Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica.  A necessidade de observar o Devido Processo Constitucional. A aplicação de qualquer sanção que incida na esfera de direitos de uma pessoa exige um procedimento processualizado.
O Cinema e o Audiovisual como Instrumentos Éticos de Difusão dos Direitos Humanos
Authors: Paiva Leandra Duarte Silva
Published: September 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa em questão é analisar o comportamento da produção audiovisual e cinematográfica ao longo do tempo, em seus principais e difusos meios de comunicação, frente à propagação dos direitos humanos e fundamentais e à aplicabilidade de temáticas como a ética, a cultura e a educação. Através do estudo da inserção do cinema no contexto da indústria cultural – situadas sob a perspectiva crítica de Adorno e Horkheimer –, das possibilidades de reinvenção advindas dos movimentos de ruptura com as formas padronizadas de fazer cinema e da observação de histórias desenvolvidas na contemporaneidade que viabilizam a emersão de pautas humanistas, o presente artigo busca apresentar narrativas comprometidas com pressupostos éticos nas produções audiovisuais e cinematográficas. Além disso, este trabalho busca apontar as travessias que tais criações podem percorrer diante da responsabilidade de exibir conteúdos engajados na dissipação de preconceitos, na formação de cidadãos e na construção de uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária.
Pandemia, Crise e Insolvência
Authors: Brandão Beatriz Chagas , Assis Daniel Araújo de , Pimenta Luisa Vieira Rosado
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo tem por objetivo uma breve análise do panorama do direito da insolvência brasileiro frente à crise proporcionada pela pandemia do COVID-19 (coronavírus), expondo, para tanto, o tratamento jurisprudencial da matéria até aqui, os projetos de lei em tramitação no Congresso Nacional e suas aplicações práticas. Num cenário de incertezas, a doutrina tem se debatido muito sobre as posições tanto jurisprudenciais como legislativas, fazendo análises pontuais sobre cada proposição, o que não passa despercebido pela pesquisa. Inobstante, far-se-á pontuações sobre as alterações legislativas que pretendem modificar a Lei nº 11.101 (Lei de Recuperação e Falência) e uma ponderação sobre a crítica generalizada de um suposto estímulo à inadimplência que o Projeto de Lei nº 1.397/2020 têm disposto.
A Mulher e o Direito Brasileiro sob uma Análise Filosófica e Sociológica
Authors: Fonseca Bárbara Guimarães da
Published: September 2020

A mulher foi, e ainda é, subjugada inferior ao homem em diversos aspectos. Entretanto, esta conquistou a maioridade (kantiana) através de lutas cotidianas por igualdade de direitos. Neste artigo serão analisados alguns dispositivos que representam uma mudança significativa no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro no que diz respeito à tentativa de respaldar a mulher como sujeita de direitos, salvaguardando sua integridade física, sexual, psicológica, patrimonial, entre outras; punindo aqueles que cometem crimes em razão de gênero. Como exemplos legais, há a qualificadora feminicídio, do crime de homicídio – artigo 121, do Código Penal Brasileiro – e a Lei n. 11.340/06, popularmente conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha, que serão analisados utilizando-se de pensamentos filosóficos dispostos na obra de Platão – A República – bem como o uso da obra – O Segundo Sexo – de Simone de Beauvoir, para uma melhor compreensão da origem da desigualdade entre homens e mulheres e como esta situação perdura no mundo moderno por meio de dados estatísticos e conceitos criados pela sociologia, como as “cifras ocultas”.
A Condição da Vítima na Persecução Penal
Authors: Lanna Letícia Marques
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo inicialmente busca fazer uma análise histórica do tema buscando analisar de acordo com o momento cronológico e histórico o papel da vítima na ação penal. Após é realizada a análise da participação da vítima na fase pré-processual e na fase processual penal conforme o tipo de ação promovida. Em continuação, há abordagem das inovações legislativas processuais penais e penais de forma cronológica, onde se busca analisar com ênfase os avanços no que diz respeito a proteção dos direitos da vítima e a atuação da mesma não apenas como meio de prova mas como sujeito processual, ademais tem como o intuito analisar a tendência atual do Direito Penal pela Justiça Consensual que prioriza a transação e o acordo entre vítima e ofensor. Ao final é realizada uma abordagem crítica onde se analisa o papel do Estado como vítima direta e a supremacia do interesse dos órgãos públicos em face do interesse da vítima cujo direito foi lesado, o qual deve haver prioridade no jus puniendi estatal.O objetivo central do artigo é analisar o papel da vítima na persecução penal, analisando os avanços conforme o surgimento de leis, o papel mais ativo que a mesma tem assumido apesar de haver grandes entraves analisando a disparidade entre o que é instituído em lei e o que ocorre na situação concreta. Atualmente, tem surgido inovações legislativas que tem priorizado o interesse da vítima na persecução penal e no que diz respeito a punição do agente.
Novo Humanismo, Justiça Cidadã, Administração Pública Gerencial, Poder Judiciário e Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Martins Anne Shirley de Oliveira Rezende , Reis João Paulo Alves dos , Andrade Lucas Silva
Published: September 2020

Tendo como referencial teórico o modelo de Administração Pública Gerencial, procurou-se verificar a contribuição da inteligência artificial para a promoção do novo humanismo e do ideal de Justiça Cidadã. Para tanto, buscou-se aferir se os mecanismos de inteligência artificial estão alinhados, em princípio, ao modelo de Administração Pública Gerencial, analisando a compatibilidade do Projeto Victor do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) com o princípio da indelegabilidade da função jurisdicional e os reflexos da utilização da computação cognitiva no exercício das funções administrativa e jurisdicional do Poder Judiciário brasileiro. Analisando os resultados até agora conhecidos do Projeto Victor (STF), restou demonstrado que mecanismos de computação cognitiva são compatíveis com o mencionado modelo de Administração Pública, gerando impactos positivos nas funções administrativa e jurisdicional, sem ferir a proibição de delegação desta última. Nesse sentido, concluiu-se que os sistemas de inteligência artificial contribuem para um futuro melhor do Poder Judiciário brasileiro e para a concretização do novo humanismo e do ideal de Justiça cidadã.
A mobilidade dos emigrantes metropolitanos:
Authors: Lobo Carlos
Published: September 2020

As evidências não deixam dúvidas sobre a relevância dos deslocamentos espaciais da população no país. Em vários momentos essa força de trabalho móvel serviu como indutora de profundas transformações econômicas e sociais nas regiões de origem e destino. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a emigração de Belo Horizonte na dinâmica migratória regional, incluindo a participação da pendularidade na migração da década, tendo como base na distribuição dos fluxos migratórios identificados no Censo Demográfico de 2010. Os resultados demonstram que não há uma tendência generalizada de ampliação da dispersão espacial da população em Minas Gerais. Pelo contrário, a elevada participação da mobilidade pendular nos emigrantes da capital, especialmente para os municípios da periferia e entorno, indica a manutenção de fortes vínculos de trabalho e/ou estudo.
O Caminho dos Diamantes no século XIX: Uma análise do mapa histórico de 1847
Authors: Paula Lucas de , Carrara Angelo Alves , Zaidan Ricardo Tavares
Published: September 2020

Percebe-se, na conjuntura atual que, com o desenvolvimento das geotecnologias desde o século XX, as ciências geográficas adquirem uma nova possibilidade de métodos de análise espacial. Os estudos de Cartografia Histórica, voltados para a análise de materiais cartográficos históricos/antigos podem fornecer uma nova fonte de dados para trabalhos e pesquisas científicas. Além disso, também permitem recriar mapas antigos, inserindo nos mesmos um maior rigor de precisão espacial, possível pelo desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas de informática e geoprocessamento. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar a demarcação do Caminho dos Diamantes (importante trecho da Estrada Real) e aferir a precisão cartográfica do mapa histórico do Caminho dos Diamantes de 1847, de João José da Silva Teodoro, com o auxílio do software MapAnalyst.
Reporting on climate-related risks and opportunities – Status quo and recommendations
Authors: Haberl-Arkhurst Birgit , Sternisko Andrea
Published: September 2020

The pressure on companies from investors and other stakeholders to address climate change keeps increasing. On the one hand companies play a major part in the realisation of climate targets; on the other hand, many face significant climate risks. Hence it becomes a necessity to incorporate climate-related risks in their risk management procedures and their external reporting. However, reporting on climate-related risks and opportunities and especially their impact on financial statements is still in its infancy as companies struggle to follow the TCFD recommendations and define the interrelation between nonfinancial and financial performance. This is revealed by the latest PwC study on climate-related disclosure in Austrian companies’ annual reports. The authors present the results of the study and provide guidance on how to define and incorporate the respective interrelations on climate-related risks and opportunities.
Rechtsphilosophie und Rechtstheorie
Authors: Mahlmann Matthias
Published: September 2020

Das moderne Recht wirft viele grundsätzliche Fragen auf: Ist Recht mit Gerechtigkeit notwendig verbunden? Was ist überhaupt Recht und was Gerechtigkeit? Wie verhalten sich Recht und Moral zueinander? Warum und unter welchen Bedingungen ist Recht verbindlich? Sind Willensfreiheit und Autonomie eine flüchtige Illusion? Was sind die rechtsphilosophischen und rechtstheoretischen Grundlagen von Demokratie und Menschenrechten?

Diesen und zahlreichen anderen Fragen zu Recht, Ethik und ihrer Bedeutung für Staat und Gesellschaft geht Mahlmann in seinem Lehrbuch nach. Dabei schlägt er einen Bogen von der Antike bis in die Gegenwart und entwickelt vor diesem historischen Hintergrund Antworten auf zentrale systematische Fragen der Rechtsphilosophie und Rechtstheorie.

Die Lektüre dieses Buches fördert das Grundverständnis für rechtliche Fragestellungen und zeigt Zusammenhänge und Argumentationslinien auf.

Die 6. Auflage wurde grundlegend überarbeitet und ergänzt: Im ideengeschichtlichen Teil wurde ein Abschnitt über die rechtsphilosophischen und gleichzeitig unmittelbar politischen Debatten zur Zeit der Eroberung Amerikas durch europäische Mächte eingefügt, die die Frage betrafen, ob es universale Rechte von Menschen gibt oder nicht. Ein weiterer Abschnitt erinnert an einen Vertreter der jüdischen Aufklärung, Moses Mendelssohn, um seine Perspektiven in die aktuelle Debatte um Intoleranz und antisemitische Gewalttaten einzubringen. Schließlich wurde im systematischen Teil ein Abschnitt zur philosophischen Begründung internationaler politischer und rechtlicher Ordnung eingefügt.
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN GUINEA: A CASE STUDY OF COMPLEMENTARITY
Authors: Colish Will
Published: September 2020

The International Criminal Court (ICC) and domestic criminal justice systems work together to prosecute the worst crimes through the principle of complementarity. This principle, enshrined in article 17 of the Rome Statute, holds that the Court will only intervene if a State is either unwilling or unable to investigate crimes falling within the Court’s jurisdiction. Since the entry into force of the Rome Statute, complementarity has evolved with practice. The Office of the Prosecutor now adopts a practice of “positive complementarity”, meaning that, more than simply wait on the sidelines to determine whether a State is both willing and able, the Court now takes an active role in helping a State fulfil its Rome Statute obligations. Positive complementarity treats as permeable the border between the ICC and States, through which expertise, coordination, and documentation pass in an effort to end impunity. But there are various ways in which the Court and States can work together in this process. The current practice leans on international networks and actors to help a State investigate and prosecute. While the addition of these actors can channel resources toward the aim of justice, competing aims of the players within these networks can make for a confused picture at best; at worst they can tear open large impunity gaps that no prosecutorial strategy could tolerate. The case of Guinea forebodes these gaps and provides important lessons on how they may be closed through a more proactive approach to complementarity—such is the focus of this article.
THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS: THE AMBASSADOR OF UNIVERSALISM
Authors: Hennebel Ludovic
Published: September 2020

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has developed an original, creative, avant-garde and even “legally non-conformist” jurisprudence. The Court takes certain liberties with regard to the way in which it interprets the American Convention, treating the State-centric paradigm and voluntarism with disdain and consequently risks displeasing member States and internationalist scholars. However, the Court adopts this attitude intentionally and asserts the Inter-American distinctiveness through its own construction of legal universalism. In order to analyse it, the paper will describe the Court's work through the prism of a number of problems, emphasizing the most salient characteristics of this “Inter-American doctrine”: individualization; criminilization; constitutionalization; humanization; and moralization of inter-American law.
THE INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM FIFTY YEARS LATER: TIME FOR CHANGES
Authors: Dulitzky Ariel
Published: September 2020

This article analyzes the latest reforms of rules and regulations of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the overall functioning of the Inter-American human rights system. Particularly the article focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the judicialization of the Inter-American amparo. The paper identifies the measures necessary to allow the Inter-American system to play a more prominent role in the promotion and protection of human rights. Specific measures include mainstreaming the work of the OAS around human rights issues, including in the Inter-American Democratic Charter a stronger link between democracy and the protection of human rights, and balancing the work on individual complaints with other tools available to the IACHR. It proposes a fundamental change in the IACHR’s profile through the modification of its participation in the individual petition system. The Commission should only act as an organ of admissibility and facilitator of friendly solutions, and the Court as a tribunal that carries out findings of fact and makes legal determinations on the merits of complaints. The IACHR needs to concentrate more heavily on political and promotional activities that complement its limited participation in the processing of individual cases.
LE DYNAMISME DU DROIT BRÉSILIEN DE LA PROTECTION DU CONSOMMATEUR
Authors: Galindo Da Fonseca Patricia
Published: September 2020

Partout au monde, les juristes se posent des questions sur le rôle du droit de la consommation. Dans ce scénario, l’évaluation du droit comparé s’impose. À travers une analyse rigoureuse, cette étude se penche sur l’identification des facteurs qui font du régime de protection du consommateur au Brésil un cas considéré comme de figure unique. Plusieurs facteurs sont soulignés : le contexte juridique favorable dans lequel émerge et se consolide l’intérêt pour la défense des consommateurs brésiliens; la garantie institutionnelle de l’effectivité de la protection du consommateur par la reconnaissance du caractère fondamental du droit de la consommation; la coexistence du Code de protection des consommateurs avec le Code civil et la mise en oeuvre de la législation adoptée. L’étude s’attache à révéler les répercussions majeures entrainées par la perspective dirigée davantage vers le consommateur que vers le contrat.
L’INSTRUMENTALISATION DU PRINCIPE DE COMPLÉMENTARITÉ DE LA CPI : UNE QUESTION D’ACTUALITÉ
Authors: C.-Tousignant Maxime
Published: September 2020

Cet article explore un principe considéré par l’auteur comme étant au coeur de l’architecture du Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale (CPI), la complémentarité. Équilibre entre la souveraineté des États à poursuivre les présumés responsables de crimes internationaux et le développement d’une institution judiciaire autonome et indépendante, le principe de complémentarité est ici abordé d’un point de vue critique. L’auteur s’attarde plus particulièrement aux situations de la République Démocratique du Congo, du Kenya, de la Côte d’Ivoire et de la Libye, selon les développements récents dans l’actualité et les décisions rendues jusqu’à présent. L’article s’intéresse aux tentatives par divers acteurs d’instrumentaliser le principe de complémentarité et l’interprétation qu’on en fait afin d’atteindre différents objectifs. L’auteur tente de déterminer si le principe de complémentarité sert bel et bien les intérêts de la justice ou est plutôt utilisé comme instrument politique. L’article apporte également un éclairage renouvelé sur le concept de « complémentarité proactive/positive » militant en faveur d’un rôle plus grand pour la CPI auprès des États membres et non membres afin de réaliser les objectifs du Statut de Rome, notamment en terme de collaboration et d’assistance. Ce concept a notamment fait l’objet de discussions lors de l’Assemblée des États Parties de novembre 2012.
L’UNION AFRICAINE FACE À LA GESTION DES CHANGEMENTS ANTICONSTITUTIONNELS DE GOUVERNEMENT
Authors: Kazadi Mpiana Joseph
Published: September 2020

L’Union africaine, depuis l’adoption de son Acte constitutif en juillet 2000, a fait du rejet des changements anticonstitutionnels de gouvernement son cheval de bataille. Elle a, à cet effet, institué et chargé le Conseil de paix et de sécurité (CPS) de réagir chaque fois que de tels changements se produisent au sein des États africains. Le but du présent article consiste à évaluer l’action du CPS au regard de ses actions concrètes dans différents États africains en soulignant les progrès ainsi que les limites. Aux termes de l’analyse, nous formulons des suggestions pour l’amélioration de son action.