bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycobacteria lentiflavum presenting as nasopharyngeal masses and nodular erythema: a case report
Authors: Liang Jiarong , Su Jiaguang , Cao Cunwei
Published: June 2024

Background: Mycobacterium lentiflavum, a slow-growing, primarily affects the lungs and cervical lymph nodes, with no reported involvement in the nasopharynx; this case report represents the first reported instance of mycobacteria lentiflavum involving the nasopharynx, accompanied by nodular erythema and other reactive rashes, which are clinically rare and prone to misdiagnosis.
Case Presentation: A 35-year-old female presented with a history of "recurrent rhinorrhea and sensation of nasal foreign body, along with nodules on the extremities for more than 2 years". On examination, multiple tender nodules were observed on the lower limbs and dorsum of both hands without ulceration. The patient was positive for anti-γ-interferon antibody upon admission. A nasopharyngeal CT (computed tomography, CT) scan with contrast agent revealed the following: 1. Lesion in the right nasal cavity-right maxillary sinus-right ethmoid sinus, nature pending further investigation; 2. Inflammation in the right maxillary sinus and right frontal sinus. Biopsy of nodules on the lower limbs revealed nodular erythema. Pathological examination of the nasopharyngeal mass revealed granulomatous inflammation. Special staining included acid-fast staining (−), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining (−), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of nasopharyngeal mass tissue, which suggested Mycobacteria lentiflavum (sequence number 151). The final diagnosis was Mycobacteria lentiflavum infection in the nasopharynx. The nodular erythema was considered a reactive rash following Mycobacteria lentiflavum infection. After 3 months of treatment with clarithromycin, rifampicin, and moxifloxacin, symptoms in the nose and nodules on the extremities regressed, with no recurrence during follow-up.
Conclusion: Mycobacterium lentiflavum infection is rare in clinical practice, and its clinical manifestations are nonspecific, especially when it involves the nasopharynx, making it even more uncommon, thus clinicians are prone to misdiagnosis.
Experimental Investigation of Thermohydraulic Performance of Three-Fluid Tubular Heat Exchanger with Al2O3-water Nanofluid
Authors: UNTISSO TARIKAYEHU AMANUEL , Mishra Manish
Published: June 2024

The thermohydraulic performance of Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid operating in a three-fluid tubular heat exchanger under turbulent flow conditions is studied experimentally. Water-based Al 2 O 3 nanofluids were prepared at three volume fraction levels (1%, 2%, and 3%) by dispersing Al2O3 nanoparticles in pure deionized water. Nanoparticles with an average particle size of 50nm and volume concentration of 0% − 3% have been employed. Turbulent flow (Re: 2500-10,000) of nanofluids through the inner annulus of the three-fluid tubular heat exchanger has been considered. The hot fluid flows through the inner tube, the intermediate temperature fluid flows through the outer annulus, and the cold nanofluid flows through the inner annulus. Experiments were conducted for four possible flow arrangements of three-fluid parallel flow heat exchangers: parallel, parallel-counter, counter-parallel, and counter-flow. Two-thermal communication has been considered as the cold nanofluid simultaneously receives heat from the hot and intermediate-temperature fluids. Before applying nanofluids, initial experiments were conducted using pure water to validate the experimental facility. The uncertainty analysis has been carried out, and the maximum was found to be 2.65%, 10.54%, and 11.87%, respectively, for the Reynolds number, Nusselt number, and friction factor at Re = 10,000. For a particular flow arrangement, it has been found that Nu is augmented with the increase in nanofluid flow rate (Re) and nanoparticle volume concentration (ϕ). A maximum enhancement in the Nusselt number has been obtained for the pure water case (ϕ = 0%) in all the flow arrangements. An increase in Nu by 95.31%, 71.83%, 63.04%, and 62.92% has been found for parallel, parallel-counter, counter-parallel, and counter flow arrangements, respectively, with the increase in Re from 2500 to 10,000.
Theory, Analysis, and Testing of an Angular Resonator for Wave Energy Generation
Authors: Lee Jantzen , Keow Alicia , Coe Ryan G. , Bacelli Giorgio , Spinneken Johannes , Spencer Steven J. , Gallegos-Patterson Damian
Published: June 2024

This article describes the theory, analysis, and initial bench-top testing of a minimally invasive, rotational resonator designed to produce small amounts of electrical energy for use in oceanic observation buoys.
This work details the systems of equations that govern such a resonator, its potential power production, and its predicted effects on the modified motion of the buoy.
Finally, a bench-top test apparatus is designed and experimented upon to identify the system and verify the system of equations empirically.
To Study Expression of Tight Junction Protein Claudin in Ameloblastoma and Odontogenic Keratocyst.
Authors: Fatima Tanveer , Chandra Shaleen , Singh Priyanka , Mehta Manjit kour , Gupta Shalini
Published: June 2024

Background
Claudins are tight junction protein forming structural framework of cells. Altered claudin expression has been shown to affect behaviour ,progression and prognosis of the disease. The objectives of this study were to analyze the expression of claudin-1, -4 and − 7 in ameloblastoma and OKC and characterize their expression pattern in distinct tumor cell types in ameloblastoma and superficial, middle and basal layer in okc.
Methodology:
This retrospective study was done on histopathologically diagnosed 29 cases of Odontogenic keratocyst and 30 cases of Ameloblastoma to study expression of claudin 1,4 and 7 immunohistochemically. The expression was assessed qualitatively based on the level of positivity of claudin 1,4 and 7 in ameloblasts like cells, stellate reticulum like cells and squamous like cells in ameloblastoma. In OKC assessment of claudin 1,4 and 7 was done in basal layer, intermediate layer and superficial layer.
Findings:
We observed loss of claudin 1 and 7 expression in the basal layer of OKC, however increased claudin 1 and 7 expression was seen in the intermediate and superficial layers. No significant correlation was obtained between different claudin expression in basal, intermediate or superficial layers of OKC. In ameloblastoma, loss of claudin 1,4 and 7 was seen in peripheral ameloblast like cells which are epithelial neoplastic component of ameloblastoma. In areas with squamous metaplasia, increased expression of claudins was seen. Areas of stellate reticulum like cells also showed increased expression of claudin 1 and 7. This indicate their attempt to maintain intercellular cohesion. Relatively lesser expression of claudin 4 was observed. Overall, among ameloblastoma claudin 7 showed maximum proportion of high expression followed by claudin 1.
Conclusion
Through the present study, we concluded that claudin could be one of the credible candidate which is worth exploring in gaining knowledge about the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts and tumors.
Increase Efficiency of Wireless Power Transmission with Conical Coil
Authors: Xu Yuhui
Published: June 2024

Wireless power transmission is a popular technology. This paper focuses on the problems of magnetic leakage in wireless power transmission systems, the loss of magnetic field energy and the decrease in efficiency. In this paper, a kind of primary coil of conical structure was proposed and a hardware experimental platform was set up. The primary coil of the system uses the ordinary planar coil and the new conical coil respectively to take the control experiments with different frequencies and different distances. Experimental results show that the conical coil can improve the transmission efficiency of the wireless power transmission compared with the ordinary planar coil. Under the same condition, when the primary coil adopts conical coil, transmission efficiency of the system can increase 10%. In order to prove that the conical coil has the function of magnetism gathering, this paper uses Maxwell software to simulate the magnetic field between planar coil and conical coil. It is concluded that the conical coil is superior to the planar coil in terms of transmission energy density and distance. Conical coil can also gather magnetic energy effectively to reduce the occurrence of magnetism leakage and transmit a longer distance. The conical coil proposed by this paper provides the direction for subsequent research.
Maritime sector transition pathways towards net-zero within global energy scenarios
Authors: Kramel Diogo , Krey Volker , Fricko Oliver , Maczek Florian , Muri Helene , Strømman Anders
Published: June 2024

The maritime sector's pathway towards decarbonization will not occur in isolation but rather intricately linked with the broader global energy, economic, and political systems. Yet, existing literature often overlooks this integrated perspective, focusing primarily on sector-specific strategies without considering societal changes and energy availability on a global scale. To bridge this gap, we employ a novel approach by coupling the MariTeam ship emission model within the MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM integrated assessment framework to examine the potential impacts of various energy, agriculture, economy, and climate scenarios on the maritime sector's trajectory towards achieving net-zero emissions around 2050, as mandated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Through our integrated modeling framework, we demonstrate that the maritime sector could have access to enough renewables to achieve substantial emissions reductions with minor implication in final product costs (median of 5%, with a second quartile range of 1% and a third quartile range of 17%). Our analysis also reveals that achieving the IMO’s goal is technically feasible while highlighting the importance of initiating the transition well before 2030, leveraging a triad of solutions by 2050 comprising energy efficiency improvements, biofuels, and blue ammonia. Each of these solutions is estimated to contribute to approximately one-third of emissions abatement within the sector, paving the way for further adoption of green ammonia and hydrogen by the end of the century. By considering broader societal and energy dynamics, our study offers valuable insights into the possible pathways for achieving the net-zero goals in the maritime sector.
Viscosity of hydrogen and methane blends: experimental and modelling investigations
Authors: Owuna Friday Junior , Chapoy Antonin , Ahmadi Pezhman , Hydrates Rod Burgass
Published: June 2024

Understanding of thermophysical and transport properties of H2-NG blends are needed for the gradual introduction of hydrogen into the national gas grid. A capillary tube viscometer was used to measure the viscosity of hydrogen + methane blends (with hydrogen mole fraction = 0, 0.1000, 0.1997, 0.5019, and 1) at temperatures from 213 to 324 K and pressures up to 31 MPa. A total 147 experimental viscosity measurements were made for the three H2 + CH4 blends and compared against the predictions of five different viscosity models: a one-reference corresponding states (Pedersen) model, a two-reference corresponding states (CS2) model, an extended corresponding states (ECS) model, a corresponding states model derived from molecular dynamic simulations of Lennard Jones (LJ) fluids, and a residual entropy scaling (SRES) method. All the model predictions showed a relatively low deviation compared to the measured viscosities. The density required for viscosity model predictions were computed using Multi-Fluid Helmholtz Energy Approximation (MFHEA) equations of state (EoS). To check the experimental procedure and applicability of the viscometer equipment, viscosity validation measurements were carried out for propane, hydrogen, and methane. The measured viscosities of the pure components were in good agreement with the respective viscosity models with AARD of 0.24%, 0.25%, and 0.58% for propane, hydrogen, and methane, respectively.
Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms in the Interleukin-18 and Interleukin-21 Genes on the Risk and Clinical Outcomes of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bakr Noha M , Hashim Noha A. , El-Eshmawy Mohamed A. , Eldin Hatim A.
Published: June 2024

To study the association between IL-18-137G/C (rs187238) and IL-21-1472G/T (rs2055979) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of MS, the disease progression, as well as the clinical features. 271 Egyptian individuals have participated in this present search, of whom 99 cases and 140 were unrelated healthy controls. For the IL-18-137G/C SNP, the GC genotype and C allele were linked to susceptibility to MS, and the GC and CC genotypes and C allele were linked to a higher risk of developing progressive MS. Regression investigation further strengthened the notion that this SNP is a predictor of the disability of the disease according to the Disability Status Scale (EDSS) values. For the IL-21-1472G/T SNP, the TT genotype and T allele were associated with the decreased risk of progressive MS in the Egyptian cohort when comparing the two diseased forms; however, they were not associated with the disability progression and severity of the disease. The IL-18-137G/C SNP could be a possible risk factor for the susceptibility and progression of MS. In contrast, the IL-21-1472G/T SNP could protect against progressive MS.
Social Capital: A Remedy for Deaths of Despair in the Rust Belt US Counties?
Authors: Bayraktar Asst. Prof. Dr. Murat
Published: June 2024

This study emphasizes how crucial social capital to decrease the deaths of despair among Rust Belt counties. From the year 2015 the social theory of “deaths of despair” became a matter of curiosity among researchers: rising despair and unemployment in regions like the Rust Belt were the common cause of rising death rates among white Americans. Suicide, alcoholic liver disease, and drug overdose are the three categories of disease. The Appalachian region of the United States, particularly Pennsylvania, West Virginia, along with Delaware, has a high rate of diseases of despair and the deaths that follow. Numerous things, such as hopelessness, loneliness, loss, or a lack of direction or purpose in life, can contribute to despair. When researchers test the validity of this hypothesis, mixed results have been found in this regard.
Findings from 140 counties from the Rust Belt region revealed that social capital can be an effective policy instrument to decrease the deaths of despair. Therefore federal, state, county, academia and community leaders should implement policies to increase the social capital levels among US citizens.
JEL Codes: H10, H75, I15, I18
Economic Evaluation of Fixed-dose Drug Combinations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Phung Toi L , Ong Due The , Ngo Nhi T.N , Pham Trang Thuy , Nguyen Ha Thi , Duong Khanh N.C , Dang Mai Thi Ngoc , Alcusky Matthew James , Amante Daniel J , Nguyen Hoa Lan
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to review the quality of published evidence on the cost-effectiveness of fixed-dose drug combinations (FDC), summarize key methodologic assumptions, and make recommendations for future economic evaluations of FDCs. The search was conducted on four databases, namely Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA). Studies were selected if they assessed the cost-effectiveness of FDCs compared to one or more single active ingredient dosage forms or placebo. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 checklist was utilized for evaluating the quality of studies. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021295388). A total of 39 studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. While most of the studies (n = 29) reported that FDCs are cost-effective, the comparator in the economic evaluations was not justified explicitly in most studies (n = 34). Modeling that examined cost-effectiveness did not incorporate medication adherence (n = 22), failing to consider a key advantage of FDCs. The majority of studies investigating FDCs reported that they were cost-effective interventions. However, further economic evaluations based on long-term clinical trials with larger populations are necessary. Also, future economic studies should incorporate superior treatment adherence with FDC into the model structure.
Desigualdade social, divulgação científica e ensino de física: caminhos para reflexão
Authors: Watanabe Graciella
Published: June 2024

As questões sociais que influenciam a ciência são largamente discutidas em diferentes espaços acadêmicos e culturais. Contudo, pouco se tem debatido sobre como o desvelamento dos modos como se promove a divulgação científica pode influenciar a escola e, consequentemente, a desigualdade científico-tecnológica que tem se alastrado em diferentes esferas da sociedade. Neste ensaio pretende-se discutir como a ciência pode se transformar em um instrumento importante para a superação das injustiças sociais e engajar jovens nas áreas de ciências exatas nas licenciatura e bacharelados.
De la intervención psicosocial a la implicación psicosocial
Authors: Viveros Chavarría Edison Francisco , Muñoz Ramírez Lizeth Carolina , Giraldo Higuita Manuela , Duque Gómez Darlin Natalia
Published: June 2024

La tesis de este escrito es que el tránsito de la intervención psicosocial a la implicación psicosocial consiste en distanciarse de la forma neutra de la primera a la relación bidireccional, recíproca y comprometida de la segunda. El cuerpo argumentativo se basa en el abordaje de dos preguntas: ¿Qué se entiende por neutralidad en la intervención psicosocial? y ¿Es posible transitar de la intervención psicosocial a la implicación-acompañamiento psicosocial? Se concluyó que la neutralidad es una forma de oposición al desarrollo de la implicación psicosocial, dado que la neutralidad quiere decir distancia y no compromiso entre las partes del proceso de intervención psicosocial. Por eso, tratamos de asumir la idea de un tránsito comprometido que hace que todas las partes interactuantes se transformen por medio de acciones mutuas que redunden en beneficio de todos
¿Es mejor padecer la violencia que ejercerla? A propósito de un dualismo instalado en la cultura
Authors: Ruiz Pulgarín Yulieth Estefanía
Published: June 2024

A partir de un relato sobre la vida de Tolstói, este texto analiza una lógica dicotómica ampliamente arraigada en nuestra cultura, a saber, que en el ámbito de la violencia, se es o agente o paciente, se ejerce o se padece, pero no hay un más allá de ella. El texto utiliza algunos planteamientos de Judith Butler y de Walter Benjamin para analizar las limitaciones de esta concepción y destaca la noción de "no violencia" de Butler como una forma de trascender esta dicotomía.
Bioética, una disciplina de estructura filosófica. Reflexiones sobre los métodos de la bioética
Authors: Arellano Rodríguez José Salvador , Mayorga Madrigal Alberto Cuauhtémoc
Published: June 2024

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de mostrar que actualmente la bioética, si bien requiere de la aplicación de conocimientos de disciplinas heterogéneas, afronta diversas polémicas que tienen una estructura filosófica. Para sustentar una perspectiva filosófica como problema central, el método de abordaje de la presente propuesta contempla un análisis acerca del tipo de indagaciones que caracterizan a la bioética, la delimitación del objeto que estudia, las propuestas metodológicas más relevantes y aquellas alternativas de búsqueda que pretenden tomar distancia de la reflexión filosófica, paralelamente a las variadas conceptualizaciones que parten de la moral y desembocan en la casuística. El argumento central es que la bioética atiende a incertidumbres morales que surgen en la interacción con la vida, estas son el objeto sobre el que reflexiona la ética, y si la ética es una disciplina que se resuelve apelando a los métodos de la filosofía, con este trabajo se pretende concluir que la bioética necesariamente ha de tener una estructura filosófica.
Crack recognition and defect detection of assembly building constructions for intelligent construction
Authors: Huo Zhipeng , Wu Xiaoqiang , Cheng Tao
Published: June 2024

Vision-assisted surface defect detection technology is shallowly applied in crack identification of assembly building components, for this reason, the study proposes a crack identification and defect detection method for assembly building components oriented to intelligent construction. An image preprocessing algorithm is designed by improving bilateral filtering, on the basis of which an image classification model is constructed using the GhostNet algorithm, and the cracks are localized and measured using the 2D pixel positioning technique. Algorithm validation showed that the processed image denoising is better, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the image of the proposed algorithm is improved by 15.701 % and 2.395 %, respectively, compared to other algorithms. The F1 value of the proposed model after 50 training rounds increased by 20.970 % on average compared to other models, and the detection accuracy was as high as 0.990. The actual measurements of cracks in concrete wall panels revealed that the research-proposed method has better results compared to the traditional manual measurements, and is not subject to the limitations and interferences of factors such as manual experience, and it is more effective in the recognition of crack images. Overall, the detection method proposed by the study has high accuracy and small error, can meet the needs and standards of crack detection in assembly building components, and can intelligently locate the maximum length and width coordinates of the cracks, which is of high value in the application of crack detection in assembly building components.
Design and analysis of tracking differentiator based on SO(3)
Authors: Deng Ruixin , Yang Guolai
Published: June 2024

Motivated by the issue of insufficient dynamic performance and tracking accuracy in SO(3)-based attitude tracking differentiators during large-angle maneuvers and complex trajectory tracking, a novel design approach for a three-degree-of-freedom attitude tracking differentiator within the SO(3) framework is proposed by incorporating second-order system theory and Lie group theory and improving the classical tracking differentiator. The kinematics model and error dynamics model of a rigid body on SO(3) are derived, and a reasonable virtual control input on SO(3) is constructed subsequently in order to achieve better dynamic response and tracking performance. Simulation and experimental results validate that the designed tracking differentiator could realize rapid and smooth convergence during large-angle maneuvers, and the initial large tracking error rapidly drops to near zero in a short period of time; additionally, it can also track expected time-varying curves well in complex trajectory tracking, with initial errors rapidly decreasing and maintaining at normal levels, demonstrating excellent tracking and control capabilities. There are strong application prospects for this new approach in addition to its theoretical significance.
Toma de decisiones, planificación y flexibilidad cognitiva: caracterización de un grupo de adultos con sobrepeso
Authors: Silva Cecilia , Mendoza Ocampo Arely , González Alcántara Karla Edith
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Describir el desempeño de adultos con sobrepeso respecto a adultos normopeso en las áreas de toma de decisiones, planeación y flexibilidad cognitiva. Método: Se realizó un estudio no experimental y transversal. Se evaluaron 763 adultos de 18 a 30 años (M = 23.7, DE = 3.4); 485 con normopeso y 278 con sobrepeso, utilizando las tareas de Juego de Azar de IOWA, Torre de Londres y Clasificación de Cartas de Wisconsin, aplicadas en línea a través de la plataforma Inquisit web versión 6 de Milisecond. Resultados: En la tarea que evalúa flexibilidad cognitiva los adultos con sobrepeso cometieron más errores, terminaron la prueba en mayor cantidad de intentos y completaron menos categorías que el grupo con normopeso. También se observó que en la tarea que mide toma de decisiones, los individuos con sobrepeso tendieron a elegir las alternativas consideradas desventajosas. Y no se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos en la tarea que mide planeación. Conclusión: Las dificultades cognitivas observadas sugieren que las personas con sobrepeso pueden presentar problemas para cambiar patrones de comportamiento poco útiles y además se inclinan por las decisiones que brindan consecuencias gratificantes inmediatas que son perjudiciales a largo plazo, lo que puede interferir en el cambio de hábitos para la pérdida de peso. Por consiguiente, se sugiere contemplar la inclusión de estrategias de rehabilitación cognitiva en los protocolos de tratamiento para personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Además, es necesario utilizar otros instrumentos para evaluar la planeación y esclarecer el papel de esta variable en esta población.
Validación de la versión indonesia de la Escala de control psicológico - autoinforme adolescente: modelo de Rasch y análisis factorial
Authors: Muttaqin Darmawan , Dermawan Kevin , Wibaningrum Gayatri
Published: June 2024

La Escala de Control Psicológico - Autoinforme Adolescente (PCS-YSR, siglas en inglés de Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report) se ha utilizado ampliamente para evaluar las percepciones del control psicológico parental en diversos períodos de desarrollo y países. Sin embargo, la información sobre las propiedades psicométricas de la PCS-YSR es limitada, especialmente en muestras indonesias. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión indonesia de la PCS-YSR utilizando tanto el enfoque del modelo Rasch como el análisis factorial. El estudio empleó un método de muestreo por conveniencia, que involucró 886 adolescentes de entre 12 y 20 años. El enfoque del modelo Rasch incluyó el Análisis de Componentes Principales de Residuos Rasch, la estimación de infit y outfit, la confiabilidad de la persona y el ítem, y la función diferencial del ítem. El enfoque del análisis factorial involucró el análisis factorial confirmatorio, la confiabilidad Omega y la invarianza de la medición. Los resultados del enfoque del modelo Rasch mostraron que la versión indonesia del PCS-YSR solo explicó un modelo unidimensional con una varianza del 38,1%, a pesar de tener estimaciones de infit y outfit aceptables. Por otro lado, los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio indicaron un ajuste satisfactorio para un modelo unidimensional, aunque algunos ítems tenían cargas factoriales inadecuadas. Además, los ítems de la versión indonesia del PCS-YSR no exhibieron sesgo de respuesta entre los grupos. Sin embargo, la versión indonesia del PCS-YSR logró la invarianza de la medición solo en los grupos de género y edad, mientras que no se logró la invarianza de la medición en los padres. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la versión indonesia del PCS-YSR se puede utilizar para medir las percepciones de control psicológico parental en muestras indonesias, dadas sus propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias basadas en los enfoques del modelo Rasch y del análisis factorial.
Perfiles de riesgo de vulnerabilidad sexual de las mujeres transgénero
Authors: Bedoya-Carvajal Oscar Augusto , Gutierrez-Monsalve Jaime Andrés , Berbesí Fernández Dedsy Yajaira , Cardona-Arango Doris , Segura Cardona Angela María
Published: June 2024

La vulnerabilidad sexual se estructura a partir de aquellas situaciones que afectan de manera cercana la toma libre, consciente y oportuna de decisiones relacionadas con la sexualidad y el disfrute efectivo de la misma, de las limitantes de acceso a garantías y servicios que contribuyan a una buena salud, y del escaso soporte social; las cuales se agudizan en la población transgénero. Con el objetivo de generar perfiles de riesgo de vulnerabilidad sexual en esta población se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal y un análisis de correspondencia múltiple con una muestra de 217 mujeres transgénero de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia). Se definieron tres perfiles según el nivel de riesgo, bajo, medio y alto. Según los perfiles, se evidencia que la baja vulnerabilidad sexual en la población de mujeres transgénero se relaciona con factores y prácticas protectoras, como no realizar trabajo sexual, conocer su estado de salud respecto al VIH, tener pocos compañeros sexuales y contar con apoyo social en caso de requerirlo; mientras que prácticas como la baja adherencia al uso del preservativo y el trabajo sexual se relacionan con el incremento del riesgo de vulnerabilidad sexual.
Vinculação aos pais e uso problemático da internet em jovens: efeito moderador da regulação emocional
Authors: Pinheiro Mota Catarina , Monteiro Bianca
Published: June 2024

De acordo com a teoria da vinculação, os indivíduos manifestam uma necessidade intrínseca para estabelecer laços afetivos com as figuras cuidadoras primárias. A vinculação segura aos pais e a gestão da Regulação Emocional parecem constituir-se como fatores protetores face ao Uso Problemático da Internet. O presente estudo objetivou analisar o efeito da vinculação aos pais no desenvolvimento do Uso Problemático da Internet por adolescentes e jovens adultos, testando-se o papel moderador da Regulação Emocional na associação anterior. Trata-se de um estudo empírico, transversal com recolha da amostra aleatória. A amostra foi constituída por 936 estudantes de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e 20 anos. A recolha de dados foi realizada de forma presencial, através do Questionário de Vinculação ao Pai e à Mãe (QVPM, Matos & Costa, 2001), a Escala de Dificuldades na Regulação Emocional (DERS, Gratz & Roemer, 2004; adaptação de Coutinho et al., 2010) e o Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS-2, Caplan, 2010; adaptada por Pontes et al., 2016). Os resultados sugerem que a Inibição de Exploração e Individualidade na vinculação às figuras parentais tem um efeito preditor no Uso Problemático da Internet e que, os Impulsos, enquanto dimensão da dificuldade de Regulação Emocional, desempenham um efeito moderador. Assim, entende-se que a frequência de uso excessivo da internet, especificamente das redes sociais, bem como a ausência de supervisão parental, no uso da internet por parte dos filhos, poderão estar associados aos comportamentos de Uso Problemático da Internet em adolescentes e jovens adultos.
Is conventional drinking water treatment more economically viable than ultrafiltration in Brazil? A technical, economic, comparative study with risk assessment
Authors: Skoronski Everton , Rosa Altherre Branco , Simioni Flávio José
Published: June 2024

Water treatment systems using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes constitute a viable option for producing drinking water for human consumption. The present study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of conventional water treatment and UF. The treatment methods were compared considering the quality of the treated water and the cost of implementing a water treatment plant (WTP) and operating the systems, with a risk assessment of the influence of the deterioration of water quality on costs. Data were obtained from the operations of a conventional WTP in the municipality of Lages, Brazil, and a pilot plant employing UF. In the conventional and UF systems, treated water had turbidity of 1.90 and 0.19 NTU, an apparent color of 2.12 and 0.28 mg L−1 Pt/Co, and pH of 6.94 and 7.04, respectively. Average total cost (ATC) was $0.0496/m3 in the conventional system and $0.0596/m3 in the UF system. Chemical inputs and sludge treatment were the main variables that affected the ATC in conventional treatment, whereas energy and plant costs were the main components affecting the ATC in the UF system. A 30% reduction in water quality increased the ATC by 2.6% for the conventional and 1.5% for the UF system.
Combination of co-pyrolyzed biomass–sludge biochar and ultrasound for persulfate activation in antibiotic degradation: efficiency, synergistic effect, and reaction mechanism
Authors: Jiang Wan , Liu Yiming , Wang Shenpeng , Yang Haifeng , Fan Xiulei
Published: June 2024

A carbon material Cu-corn straw-sludge biochar (Cu-CSBC) was prepared by hydrothermally modifying sewage sludge and corn stover. The composite coupled to ultrasound can effectively catalyze the activation of PS for organic pollutants degradation, and the removal rate of 20 mg/L TC reached 89.15% in 5 min in the presence of 0.5 g/L Cu-CSBC and 3 mM PS. The synergistic effect between the factors in the system, the reaction mechanism, and the efficient removal of TC in the aqueous environment were explored in a Cu-CSBC/US/PS system established for that purpose. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis both demonstrated the Cu-CSBC/US/PS system generated •OH, SO4–•, 1O2, and O2- •, which involved in the reaction. The Cu, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups on the Cu-CSBC surface promoted the generation of radicals and non-radicals for the degradation process, which was dominated by both radical and non-radical pathways. The degradation pathway is proposed by measuring the intermediate products with LC-MS. Finally, the stability of the Cu-CSBC/US/PS system was tested under various reaction conditions. This study not only prepared a novel biochar composite material for the active degradation of organic pollutants by PS but also provided an effective method for the resource utilization of solid waste and sludge treatment.
Comparative life cycle assessment of excreta management systems through composting and biomethanization: Case of a low-income tropical country
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Davidson , Monette Frédéric
Published: June 2024

Low-income tropical regions, such as Haiti, grapple with environmental issues stemming from inadequate sanitation infrastructure for fecal sludge management. This study scrutinizes on-site sanitation systems in these regions, evaluating their environmental impacts and pinpointing improvement opportunities. The focus is specifically on systems integrating excreta valorization through composting and/or anaerobic digestion. Each system encompasses toilet access, evacuation, and sludge treatment. A comparative life cycle assessment was undertaken, with the functional unit managing one ton of excreta in Haiti over a year. Six scenarios representing autonomous sanitation systems were devised by combining three toilet types (container-based toilets (CBTs), ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines, and flush toilets (WC)) with two sludge treatment processes (composting and biomethanization). Biodigester-based systems exhibited 1.05 times higher sanitary impacts and 1.03 times higher ecosystem impacts than those with composters. Among toilet types, CBTs had the lowest impacts, followed by VIP latrines, with WCs having the highest impacts. On average, WC scenarios were 3.85 times more impactful than VIP latrines and 4.04 times more impactful than those with CBTs regarding human health impact. Critical variables identified include the use of toilet paper, wood shavings, greenhouse gas emissions, and construction materials.
Advanced data processing of airborne electromagnetic data for imaging hidden conduit networks in the coastal karst plain of Tulum (Mexico)
Authors: Schiller A. , Schattauer I. , Ottowitz D.
Published: June 2024

This study is part of a series of international research cooperations which commenced in 2007 and are still ongoing. The study area is located on the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, and comprises the northernmost part of the Sian Ka’an biosphere reserve, a coastal wetland of international importance, as well as the city of Tulum in the state of Quintana Roo, and part of the second largest barrier reef in the world some 300 metres to one kilometre off shore. Two airborne surveys, conducted in 2007 and 2008 by the Geological Survey of Austria, covered an area of some 200 square kilometres, including the well-known Ox Bel Ha cave system, already mapped by exploration divers. In order to get additional ground truth data and input for the hydrological model, extended ground geophysical campaigns have been conducted annually. The first processing of the airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data revealed not only a clear signature from known caves but also the image of a vast, unexplored, hidden conduit network. However, lateral and depth resolution was limited due to measurement drift and noise as well the specific behaviour of the applied inversion technique. Newly developed algorithms for processing AEM data and inversion results have improved the signal-to-noise ratio significantly and enabled the imaging of well-defined structures in the underground. Therefore, the AEM method is now capable of quickly delivering crucial structural information of karst-water regimes in difficult-to-access areas with unique depth information compared to previous studies.
An optical laser device for mapping 3D geometry of underwater karst structures: first tests in the Ox Bel’Ha system, Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Schiller A. , Renard P.
Published: June 2024

In the course of extended hydrological studies in the coastal Karst plain of Yucatan, near the town of Tulum amongst others, a novel laser scanning device was developed and applied for the acquisition of the 3d-geometry of groundwater conduits. The method is derived from similar industrial systems and for the first time adapted to the specific measurement conditions in underwater cave systems. The device projects a laser line over the whole perimeter at a certain position. This line represents the intersection of a plane with the cave walls. The line is imaged with a wide angle camera system. Through proper design and calibration of the device it is possible to derive the true scale geometry of the perimeter via special image processing techniques. By acquiring regularly spaced images it is possible to reconstruct the true scale and 3d-shape of a tunnel through the incorporation of location and attitude data. In a first test in the Ox Bel Ha underwater cave system, about 800 metres of tunnels have been scanned down to water depths of 20 metres. The raw data is further interpolated using the ODSIM-algorithm in order to delineate the 3D geometry of the cave system. The method provides easy, operable acquisition of the 3-D geometry of caves in clear water with superior resolution and speed and significantly facilitates the measurement in underwater tunnels as well as in dry tunnels. The data gathered represents crucial input to the study of the state, dynamics and genesis of the complex karst water regime.
UPBEAT1-ROS-POD-PAL System under Different Xylogenesis Scenarios
in Karelian Birch (Betula pendula Roth var. carelica (Mercl.) Hämet-Ahti)
Authors: Nikerova Kseniya Mihajlovna , Galibina Nataliya Alekseevna , Sofronova Irina Nikolaevna , Moshchenskaya Yuliya Leonidovna , Korzhenevskij Maksim Anatol'evich , Klimova Anna Vladimirovna , Tarelkina Tatiana Vladimirovna
Published: June 2024

Background:

We studied UPBEAT1 (UPB1) which regulated superoxide radical / hydrogen
peroxide ratio together with peroxidase (POD) activity and PAL genes expression under
different ways of apical meristem development during the xylem structural elements’ formation in
unique woody plants B. pendula var. pendula with straight-grained wood and B. pendula var.
carelica with figured wood. The differentiation process predominanced in straight-grained wood
(B. pendula var. pendula) or proliferation – in the figured wood. The investigation was conducted
in the radial row (cambial zone - differentiating xylem - mature xylem) during the active cambial
growth period.

Objective:

The study aimed to study the xylogenesis processes occurring in the 16-year-old
straight-grained silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and Karelian birch (Betula pendula Roth var.
carelica (Mercl.) Hämet-Ahti) with figured wood.

Methods:

Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical contents and peroxidase activity were determined
spectrophotometrically. Gene expression for PAL family genes and the UPBEAT1 gene
was assessed using qRT-PCR.

Results:

Principal component analysis has confirmed trees with straight-grained and figured wood
to be different according to UPBEAT1-ROS-POD-PAL system functioning.

Conclusion:

The higher superoxide radical/hydrogen peroxide ratio in figured Karelian birch,
along with UPBEAT1 transcription factor and PAL genes upregulation, distinguished it from
straight-grained silver birch. This metabolic picture confirmed the shift of Karelian birch xylogenesis
towards proliferation processes, accompanied by ROS and phenolic compounds’ flow and
POD activity.
Revealing the Curative Possibilities: A Comprehensive Exploration of Caffeic Acid
Authors: Goyal Ahsas , Singh Vishwa Deep , Solanki Kunal , Verma Aanchal
Published: June 2024

Caffeic acid, a phenolic compound of the hydroxycinnamic acid family, is abundant
in various plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and coffee, alongside other biologically
active compounds. Recognizing its potential to address various health issues and its widespread
presence in commonly consumed foods underscores the importance of comprehending and harnessing
the benefits of caffeic acid for human nutrition and well-being. This versatile substance,
characterized by acrylic and phenolic functional groups, plays a pivotal role in the food and
pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, a detailed exploration of its pharmacokinetic properties,
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion enhances our understanding of how the human
body processes it. Functioning as a precursor for essential compounds, caffeic acid contributes
to formulations with notable anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antibacterial,
neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective qualities. Its current applications in treating Parkinson's
and Alzheimer's disease underscore its therapeutic significance. This comprehensive analysis
sheds light on caffeic acid's importance, showcasing its diverse applications across various
domains and paving the way for further research and development to fully unlock its therapeutic
potential. In conclusion, caffeic acid emerges as a bioactive substance with a broad spectrum of
pharmacological properties, suggesting its potential utility in diverse therapeutic contexts. The
comprehensive information provided in this article serves as a foundation for further research
and learning regarding the various ways that caffeic acid supports human health.
Unlocking the Potential of AI in Cancer Therapeutics: Advancements in Treatment Selection, Swift Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, and Prognosis
Authors: Yadav Deepak Kumar , Rathee Sunny , Patil Umesh K.
Published: June 2024

Cancer poses a significant challenge in terms of treatment due to its aggressive nature and
low median survival rates, making accurate early diagnosis and prognosis prediction crucial for improving
patient outcomes. Advances in statistics and computer engineering have led to the application
of computational methods, including multivariate statistical analysis, to analyze cancer prognosis.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the healthcare industry, leveraging
intricate pattern recognition in medical data to enhance the precision, efficacy, quality, and accuracy
of radiation treatment for cancer patients. AI finds application across various critical areas in
healthcare, including neurology, cardiology, and oncology, utilizing both structured and unstructured
healthcare data. Its roles extend to early detection, diagnosis, treatment, outcome prediction, and
prognosis evaluation, particularly in the context of cancer. Despite the potential benefits, integrating
AI into clinical practice in radiation oncology faces obstacles that must be overcome. The incorporation
of AI, particularly machine learning and deep learning, into clinical cancer research has significantly
improved predictive performance. This review explores the literature on the application of AI
in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, emphasizing the inherent advantages it offers. While recognizing
the importance of rigorous validation, the studies highlight ongoing efforts to integrate AI technology
into clinical settings, shaping the future of cancer care. Moreover, the review delves into future directions
for AI in cancer therapy, providing insights into upcoming trends, potential developments, and
emerging technologies within the AI landscape. By acknowledging the necessity for continued research
and validation, the article underscores the momentum toward leveraging AI in clinical oncology
and its potential to redefine the landscape of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
New 3-Hydroxypyridine-4-one Analogues: Their Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, Molecular Docking, and In Silico ADME Prediction
Authors: Sadeghian Sara , Zare Fateme , Saghaie Lotfollah , Fassihi Afshin , Zare Pooria , Sabet Razieh
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Drug resistance to existing antimicrobial drugs has become a serious
threat to human health, which highlights the need to develop new antimicrobial agents.

Methods:

In this study, a new set of 3-hydroxypyridine-4-one derivatives (6a-j) was synthesized,
and the antimicrobial effects of these derivatives were evaluated against a variety of microorganisms
using the microdilution method. The antimicrobial evaluation indicated that compound 6c,
with an electron-donating group -OCH3 at the meta position of the phenyl ring, was the most active
compound against S. aureus and E. coli species with an MIC value of 32 μg/mL. Compound 6c was
more potent than ampicillin as a reference drug.

Results:

The in vitro antifungal results showed that the studied derivatives had moderate effects
(MIC = 128-512 μg/mL) against C. albicans and A. niger species. The molecular modeling studies
revealed the possible mechanism and suitable interactions of these derivatives with the target protein.

Conclusion:

The obtained biological results offer valuable insights into the design of more effective
antimicrobial agents.
Stability and Cytotoxicity Assessments of Hypericum Perforatum Nanoemulsion in Preventing Denture-related Stomatitis
Authors: Gargari Fatemeh Khaknezhad , Yasamineh Neda , Atashi Yasamin Golparvar , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki , Sharifi Simin
Published: June 2024

Background

There is a growing interest in natural antimicrobials based on herbs, which can be used to prevent and treat oral and dental infections.

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and the cytotoxicity of a Hypericum perforatum nanoemulsion used to prevent denture-related stomatitis.

Methods

The ultrasonic method was used to prepare a Hypericum perforatum nanoemulsion. The prepared nanoemulsion was then characterized using conventional methods. The emulsion resistance to centrifugation was studied, and the formulation was kept at room temperature for 2 months, and any phase separation was checked. Besides, the changes in droplet diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), and surface charge were compared at different time intervals. Finally, the cytotoxicity test was conducted to determine the toxicity of the prepared nanoemulsion against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Results

The prepared nanoemulsion demonstrated proper physicochemical properties with no cytotoxicity against HGFs. The droplet size, PDI, and surface charge of the nanoemulsion showed a slight increase after 30 days (P=0.6). After 60 days, the increase in the droplet size, PDI, and surface charge were significant (P=0.03). However, the droplet size was still preserved below 200 nm, and the PDI was less than 0.7. Nanoemulsion also showed no physical changes or phase separation after centrifugation and two months of keeping at different temperatures.

Conclusion

The prepared nanoemulsion can be used to prevent and treat oral and dental infectious diseases like denture-related stomatitis.