bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mitophagy-Related Gene Regulation on Antioxidant Activity of Lager Yeast
Authors: Wang Jinjing , Cheng Wanqi , Liu Chunfeng , Niu Chengtuo , Zheng Feiyun , Li Qi , Svadbová Viktorie , Kubáňová Michaela , Zelenka Jaroslav , Ruml Tomáš
Published: November 2024

Lager yeast, which is mainly used for lager beer brewing, withstands significant oxidative stress during brewing process, leading to its rapid aging in serial beer brewing. Mitophagy plays a critical role in the antioxidant stress response of yeast. However, the relationship between mitophagy and the antioxidant capacity of yeast is still unclear. Previous studies indicated that ATG gene family in mitophagy significantly affects the antioxidant capacity of yeast cells in beer brewing. Herein, the expression of ATG8, ATG11, ATG32, DNM1, and MMM1 genes was regulated. The results showed that the overexpression of ATG8 and ATG11 significantly reduced the intracellular ROS contents to 52.05% and 22.57% of the initial state, respectively, and helped to maintain a high mitochondrial vitality during serial fermentation. Disruption of ATG8, ATG11 and ATG32 resulted in significant decrease in cell vitality when exposed to H2O2 stimulation. Meanwhile, the disruptions of these genes were detrimental to the balance of intracellular ROS. Excess DNM1 activity could affect the cellular energy balance and ATP depletion under prolonged stress conditions. The repression of MMM1 led to lower ATP levels during serial beer fermentation. The ATG8, ATG11, and ATG32 genes might be potential targets for regulating the antioxidant capacity of yeast. The current work provides new insights into improving the antioxidant capacity of yeast through mitophagy regulation.
Curcumin Mitigates Gut Dysbiosis and Enhances Gut Barrier Function to Alleviate Metabolic Dysfunction in Obese, Aged Mice
Authors: Lamichhane Gopal , Olawale Femi , Liu Jing , Lee Da-Yeon , Lee Su-Jeong , Chaffin Nathan , Alake Sanmi , Lucas Edralin A. , Zhang Guolong , Egan Josephine M. , Kim Yoo
Published: November 2024

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining gut and metabolic health, and its composition is often altered by aging and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of curcumin on gut dysbiosis, gut barrier integrity, and bile acid homeostasis in aged mice fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHSD). Eighteen- to twenty-one-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into groups fed a normal chow diet or HFHSD, with or without curcumin supplementation (0.4% w/w) for 8 and 15 weeks. We assessed body weight, food intake, insulin sensitivity, gut microbiota composition, and gene expression in the gut and liver and performed histological analysis of gut tissues. Curcumin supplementation prevented HFHSD-induced weight gain and metabolic disturbances. In the gut, curcumin-treated mice showed a higher abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, such as Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansia, Mucispirillum, and Verrucomicrobiota, alongside a lower abundance of harmful bacterial genera like Desulfobacteria, Alistipes, and Muribaculaceae compared to control. This shift in gut microbiota was associated with improved gut integrity, as demonstrated by increased expression of the tight junction protein occludin and reduced levels of the pro-inflammatory marker interleukin-1β in the ileum. Additionally, curcumin modulated hepatic gene expression involved in bile acid homeostasis, suggesting a positive effect on liver health. Curcumin supplementation can alleviate the negative effects of aging and an HFHSD on the gut microbiome, improve gut barrier integrity, and maintain bile acid homeostasis. These findings highlight curcumin’s potential as a dietary intervention for managing obesity- and age-associated gut health issues.
Structural Insights into Mechanisms Underlying Mitochondrial and Bacterial Cytochrome c Synthases
Authors: Childs Pema L. , Lowder Ethan P. , Mendez Deanna L. , Babbitt Shalon E. , Martinie Amidala , Huynh Jonathan Q. , Kranz Robert G.
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial holocytochrome c synthase (HCCS) is an essential protein in assembling cytochrome c (cyt c) of the electron transport system. HCCS binds heme and covalently attaches the two vinyls of heme to two cysteine thiols of the cyt c CXXCH motif. Human HCCS recognizes both cyt c and cytochrome c1 of complex III (cytochrome bc1). HCCS is mutated in some human diseases and it has been investigated recombinantly by mutational, biochemical, and reconstitution studies in the past decade. Here, we employ structural prediction programs (e.g., AlphaFold 3) on HCCS and its two substrates, heme and cytochrome c. The results, when combined with spectroscopic and functional analyses of HCCS and variants, provide insights into the structural basis for heme binding, apocyt c binding, covalent attachment, and release of the holocyt c product. Results from in vitro reconstitution of purified human HCCS using cyt c and cyt c1 peptides as acceptors are consistent with the structural modeling of substrate binding. Reconstitution of HCCS and cyt c1 provides an approach to studying cyt c1 assembly, which has been refractile to recombinant in vivo reconstitution (unlike HCCS and cyt c). We propose a structural basis for release of the holocyt c product from HCCS based on in vitro studies and on cryoEM structures of the bacterial cyt c synthase (CcsBA) active site. We analyze the kinetoplastid mitochondrial synthase (KCCS), and hypothesize a molecular evolutionary path from mitochondrial endosymbiosis to the current HCCS.
Next-Generation Sequencing of Chinese Children with Congenital Hearing Loss Reveals Rare and Novel Variants in Known and Candidate Genes
Authors: Jin Yuan , Liu Xiaozhou , Zhang Qiong , Xiong Ying , Hu Yao , He Haixia , Chen Wei , Sun Yu
Published: November 2024

Background: Hearing loss (HL) is the most common disorder in newborns with a highly heterogeneous genetic background. Despite significant progress in screening and identifying genes related to congenital hearing loss, there are still candidate genes implicated in HL that remain undiscovered. Methods: We investigated HL in 43 Chinese families by segregating bilateral sensorineural HL via whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing. Results: Variants were found in 10 known non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) genes, 5 known syndromic hearing loss (SHL) genes, and 1 candidate HL gene, ATP7B. RNA sequencing revealed ATP7B mRNA expression in developing and adult cochleae. The immunohistochemistry of the adult mouse cochlear tissue revealed the prominent expression of ATP7B in the organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion neuron. Overall, we propose a new candidate gene, ATP7B, for congenital hearing loss and novel variants in known HL genes, which expands our understanding of the etiology of HL. Conclusions: The next-generation sequencing could effectively improve the etiological diagnosis rate of congenital hearing loss in children.
The Role of microRNA-155 as a Biomarker in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Koumpis Epameinondas , Georgoulis Vasileios , Papathanasiou Konstantina , Papoudou-Bai Alexandra , Kanavaros Panagiotis , Kolettas Evangelos , Hatzimichael Eleftheria
Published: November 2024

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Despite the use of newer agents, such as polatuzumab vedotin, more than one-third of patients have ultimately relapsed or experienced refractory disease. MiRNAs are single-stranded, ~22-nucleotide-long RNAs that interact with their target RNA. They are significant regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression. One significant miRNA, miR-155, is involved in the pathophysiology of DLBCL and it is a critical modulator of hematopoiesis, inflammation, and immune responses. Targets of miR-155, such as histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) and immune cells, play a crucial role in DLBCL pathogenesis, since miR-155 regulates key pathways, transcription factors and cytokine expression and shapes the tumor microenvironment in DLBCL. In this review, we examine the role of miR-155 in DLBCL and its potential as a future diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarker.
Diagnostics and Therapy for Malignant Tumors
Authors: Tsai Chung-Che , Wang Chun-Yu , Chang Hsu-Hung , Chang Phebe Ting Syuan , Chang Chuan-Hsin , Chu Tin Yi , Hsu Po-Chih , Kuo Chan-Yen
Published: November 2024

Malignant tumors remain one of the most significant global health challenges and contribute to high mortality rates across various cancer types. The complex nature of these tumors requires multifaceted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review explores current advancements in diagnostic methods, including molecular imaging, biomarkers, and liquid biopsies. It also delves into the evolution of therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and novel targeted therapies such as immunotherapy and gene therapy. Although significant progress has been made in the understanding of cancer biology, the future of oncology lies in the integration of precision medicine, improved diagnostic tools, and personalized therapeutic approaches that address tumor heterogeneity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of cancer diagnostics and treatments while highlighting emerging trends and challenges that lie ahead.
Burnout and Personality Profiles Among Chinese Nurses
Authors: Zhang Sijun , Xiao Ke , Tian Zhen
Published: November 2024

Although many studies have examined the relationship between the five dimensions of personality and nurse burnout, few studies have examined the relationship between nurse burnout and the overall personality profile. In addition, nurses’ demographic characteristics have been found to be related to nurses’ burnout level, but the results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to determine personality profiles based on the Big Five personality model in a sample of Chinese nurses then analyze the relationship between burnout and personality profiles and demographics. A total of 1423 nurses were sampled and assessed using the Big Five Inventory and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. A k-means cluster analysis was used to divide participants into different personality profiles. Multivariate analysis of variance and binomial logistic regression were used to examine the relationship of burnout with personality profiles and demographics. Cluster analysis identified three personality profiles among nurses: resilient, ordinary, and distressed. For each dimension of the Big Five Inventory and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, there was a significant difference between different personality profiles, with effect sizes being from 0.37 to 0.57. Nurses with a distressed personality profile were 4.52 times more likely to be diagnosed with burnout than nurses with an ordinary profile, while nurses with a resilient personality profile had a 55% reduction in burnout compared to nurses with an ordinary profile. The results suggested that hospital administrators should focus on nurses with a distressed personality profile to identify potential burnout nurses as early as possible. The findings also enabled hospital administrators to consider the different personality profiles of nurses and the specific requirements of the job to select suitable candidates.
Development of a Forced-Choice Personality Inventory via Thurstonian Item Response Theory (TIRT)
Authors: Tsaousis Ioannis , Al-Owidha Amjed
Published: November 2024

This study had two purposes: (1) to develop a forced-choice personality inventory to assess student personality characteristics based on the five-factor (FFM) personality model and (2) to examine its factor structure via the Thurstonian Item Response Theory (TIRT) approach based on Thurstone’s law of comparative judgment. A total of 200 items were generated to represent the five dimensions, and through Principal Axis Factoring and the composite reliability index, a final pool of 75 items was selected. These items were then organized into 25 blocks, each containing three statements (triplets) designed to balance social desirability across the blocks. The study involved two samples: the first sample of 1484 students was used to refine the item pool, and the second sample of 823 university students was used to examine the factorial structure of the forced-choice inventory. After re-coding the responses into a binary format, the data were analyzed within a standard structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. Then, the TIRT model was applied to evaluate the factorial structure of the forced-choice inventory, with the results indicating an adequate fit. Further suggestions for future research with additional studies are provided to justify the scale’s reliability (e.g., test–retest) and validity (e.g., concurrent, convergent, and divergent).
Annual Variation Characteristics of Air Conditioning Operating Behavior and Its Impact on Model Application in Office Buildings
Authors: Zhou Xin
Published: November 2024

Air conditioning (AC) is an important component of building energy consumption. Reducing building AC energy consumption has attracted significant research interest worldwide. Studies have shown that the AC control behavior of users is a key factor affecting building AC energy consumption; however, the existing research on the dynamic laws for the AC control behavioral changes of users over a long period is limited. Therefore, taking a typical open office as an example, this study collected measured data spanning different years, and explored the temporal variation characteristics of AC operating behavior in office buildings. Based on a dynamic model framework constructed with a three-parameter Weibull function and a time superposition function, this study conducted modeling and analysis of dynamic AC operating behaviors in the same open-plan office across different years. First, the AC operating behavioral model was trained in parallel using field measurement data from different years to quantitatively analyze the patterns and extent of changes in occupants’ AC operating behaviors. Subsequently, AC operating data from a fixed year was used as a test set to examine the impact of behavior changes on the prediction accuracy of the AC operating behavioral model through indicators such as open rate, on–off profiles, confusion matrices, and open rate under different time periods/temperatures. Results indicate that, due to behavioral changes, the maximum difference in the probability of AC opening under the same temperature can reach 96.8%. These behavior changes occur not only in varying intensity but also function as influencing factors. If behavior changes are ignored, prediction accuracy for AC open rates decreases by approximately 15%. This study reveals a method for dynamically adjusting the AC operating behavior model and improving its accuracy, which can significantly improve the accuracy of AC operating behavior modeling, the practical application effect of the behavior model, and reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings.
A Case Study of 3D Scanning Techniques in Civil Engineering Using the Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technique
Authors: Piekarczuk Artur , Mazurek Aleksandra , Szer Jacek , Szer Iwona
Published: November 2024

This paper reviews the measurement challenges associated with 3D scanning techniques in civil engineering, exploring the practical aspects of scanning buildings and complex surfaces through various case studies. The paper details the conventional use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for reconstructing the technical documentation of a hall. Then it describes an unconventional application of this technique for measuring an External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) wall, aimed at detecting microdeformations caused by environmental factors controlled within a climatic chamber. Subsequently, the measurements of the insulated wall were repeated using a metrological grade laser scanner. The numerical data were analysed with inspection engineering methods. The deformation maps and displacements of selected reference points were compared. This approach yielded qualitative and quantitative results. The qualitative results, i.e., the distribution of deformations in the form of a map, turned out to be consistent. However, quantitative results show a significant discrepancy in extreme cases of up to 70%.
A Comparison of the Quasi-Steady Assumption with Unsteady Effects on Tower Galloping Analysis
Authors: Yang Zihang , Liu Yangzhao , Chang Ying , Dai Kaoshan
Published: November 2024

Traditional tower galloping theory is founded on the quasi-steady assumption, which has inherent limitations. By treating tower galloping as a single-degree-of-freedom crosswind bending flutter problem and introducing flutter derivatives into the expression of the crosswind aerodynamic force acting on the tower, the unsteady effects induced by motion can be incorporated into the analysis of tower galloping. An actual chamfered square cross-section tower was used as the research subject, and static tests and flutter derivative identification tests were performed on tower segment models without any modifications and with two types of aerodynamic measures: added arc-shaped fairings and vertical fin plates. Predictions of the aerodynamic damping of the tower structure were made and compared based on two different galloping theories: one under the quasi-steady assumption and the other considering unsteady effects. Experimental results indicate that both theories lead to the same conclusion about the galloping stability of the chamfered square tower. The original cross-section tower exhibited significant galloping instability problems, but the addition of arc-shaped fairings or vertical fin plates effectively improved its galloping stability performance. The predicted results of the tower’s aerodynamic damping based on the two different galloping theories differed by at most 34% at dimensionless wind speeds below 25. However, some differences were observed, and these differences between the two theories were noticeably affected by the magnitude of the dimensionless wind speed.
The Disappearing Winners: An MAS Study of Community-Type Rivalry in Construction Markets
Authors: Chen Keda , Wang Xiaowei , Guo Zhenhua , Liu Weidan
Published: November 2024

Business communities in the construction market are becoming increasingly diverse, with a deepening impact on industrial development and enterprise competition. Despite many existing empirical studies on communities, they weaken competitive interactions and have limited applicability to the dynamic issues of community formation and evolution. To address the gaps identified in the literature on bidding competition dynamics, this study constructs a multi-agent system (MAS) model. This model is designed to simulate the formation of community-type rivalry in the construction market by incorporating key variables identified from empirical observations of bidding behavior. It also designs and runs two experiments focusing on the impact of overall market factors and enterprises’ own factors on the formation of an equilibrium state of community-type rivalry to explore the mechanism behind its formation. We find that the density of community networks and the process of community formation are significantly affected by the number of enterprises, the scope of competition among enterprises, and the lifespan of the link, while they are not significantly affected by the size of the market or the exit thresholds of enterprises. In addition, this study finds that, under the bidding competition rule, the number of times that an enterprise bids is closely related to its network location advantage. However, larger and more mature enterprises have difficulty in maintaining a central position in a competitive network. This study provides different perspectives for an understanding of corporate community formation and offers valuable insights into the governance of community phenomena in the construction market.
Analysis of Concrete Air Voids: Comparing OpenAI-Generated Python Code with MATLAB Scripts and Enhancing 2D Image Processing Using 3D CT Scan Data
Authors: Asadi Iman , Shpak Andrei , Jacobsen Stefan
Published: November 2024

The air void system in concrete significantly affects its mechanical, thermal, and frost durability properties. This study explored the use of ChatGPT, an AI tool, to generate Python code for analyzing air void parameters in hardened concrete, such as total air void content (A), specific surface (α), and air void spacing factor (L). Initially, Python scripts were created by requesting ChatGPT-3.5 to convert MATLAB scripts developed by Fonseca and Scherer in 2015. The results from Python closely matched those from MATLAB when applied to polished sections of seven different concrete mixes, demonstrating ChatGPT’s effectiveness in code conversion. However, generating accurate code without referencing the original MATLAB scripts required detailed prompts, highlighting the need for a strong understanding of the test method. Finally, a Python script was applied to modify void reconstruction in 2D images into 3D by stereology, and comparing this with (3D) CT scanner results, showing comparable results.
Correction: Colomba et al. Haemodynamic Forces: Emerging Markers of Ventricular Remodelling in Multiple Myeloma Cardiovascular Baseline Risk Assessment. Cancers 2024, 16, 3081
Authors: Colomba Anna , Astarita Anna , Mingrone Giulia , Airale Lorenzo , Catarinella Cinzia , Vallelonga Fabrizio , Leone Dario , Cesareo Marco , Paladino Arianna , Bringhen Sara , Gay Francesca , Pedrizzetti Gianni , Veglio Franco , Milan Alberto
Published: November 2024

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Clinical Relevance of TP53 Mutation and Its Characteristics in Breast Cancer with Long-Term Follow-Up Date
Authors: Hwang Seung Hyun , Baek Seung Ho , Lee Min Ji , Kook Yoonwon , Bae Soong June , Ahn Sung Gwe , Jeong Joon
Published: November 2024

Background: The TP53 mutation is one of the most frequently identified mutations in human cancers and is typically associated with a poor prognosis. However, there are conflicting findings regarding its impact. We aimed to clarify the clinical relevance of TP53 mutations across all breast cancer subtypes and treatments utilizing long-term follow-up data. Methods: We retrospectively identified the data of breast cancer patients who underwent TP53 mutation testing. Stratified log-rank tests and Cox regression analysis were performed to compare oncologic outcomes based on TP53 mutation status and the characteristics of these mutations, including types and locations. Mutations in exons 5-9 were identified using polymerase chain reaction—denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (PCR-DHPLC) and direct sequencing. Results: Between January 2007 and December 2015, 650 breast cancer patients underwent TP53 mutation testing in Gangnam Severance Hospital. The TP53 mutations were identified in 172 patients (26.5%), with 34 (19.8%) exhibiting missense hotspot mutations. Patients with TP53 mutations (TP53-mutated group) had worse prognosis, demonstrated by a 10-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate of 83.5% compared to 86.6% in patients without mutations (HR, 1.67; p = 0.026) and a 10-year overall survival (OS) rate of 88.1% versus 91.0% (HR, 3.02; p = 0.003). However, subgroup analyses within the TP53-mutated group did not reveal significant differences in oncologic outcomes based on mutation types and locations. Conclusions: Our findings establish that TP53 mutations are linked to poorer oncologic outcomes in breast cancer across all subtypes. Yet, within the TP53-mutated group, the specific characteristics of TP53 mutations do not influence oncologic outcomes.
The Role of Plzf in Spermatogonial Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation: Mapping the Transcriptional Dynamics and Key Interactions
Authors: Ghasemi Nima , Azizi Hossein , Razavi-Amoli Seyedeh-Kiana , Skutella Thomas
Published: November 2024

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) sustain and modulate spermatogenesis through intricate signaling pathways and transcription factors. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger (Plzf, also known as Zbtb16) has been identified as a critical transcription factor influencing various signaling and differentiation pathways. Plzf plays a pivotal role in regulating the differentiation properties of SSCs and is essential for the proper maintenance of spermatogenesis. However, the transcription patterns of Plzf along the seminiferous tubules and its interaction network with adjacent partners still need to be fully elucidated. This study employed immunostaining techniques coupled with Fluidigm quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Fluidigm qPCR) to quantify Plzf expression in undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia. Furthermore, we utilized bioinformatics analyses to identify Plzf partners and their associations with other regulatory factors. Immunohistostaining (IMH) revealed a high expression of Plzf in cells near the basal membrane of seminiferous tubules and a lower expression in the middle regions in vivo. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) demonstrated that undifferentiated spermatogonia exhibited significant Plzf positivity, whereas differentiated spermatogonia showed reduced Plzf expression in vitro. Fluidigm qPCR confirmed a significant differential expression of Plzf between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia. In silico differential expression analysis between undifferentiated spermatogonia and spermatids indicated that Plzf is closely associated with Mycn, Lin28a, Kras, Ccnd1, and Jak1, highlighting the importance of these partnerships during spermatogenesis. Our findings suggest that the network of Plzf-related partners and their associated proteins involves differentiation, localization, apoptosis, and signal transduction. This comprehensive approach advances our understanding of Plzf transcription patterns and sheds light on its interactions with other cellular factors, revealing previously obscure pathways and interactions. These insights could lead to more effective diagnostic strategies for reproductive system-related diseases and inform the development of improved therapeutic and clinical applications.
Influence of Soft and Stiff Matrices on Cytotoxicity in Gingival Fibroblasts: Implications for Soft Tissue Biocompatibility
Authors: Yang Ye-Jin , Yeo Donghyeon , Shin Seong-Jin , Lee Jun Hee , Lee Jung-Hwan
Published: November 2024

The biocompatibility of dental materials is critical for ensuring safety in clinical applications. However, standard in vitro cytotoxicity assays often rely on stiff tissue culture plastic (TCP), which does not accurately replicate the biomechanical properties of soft oral tissues. In this study, we compared human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) cultured on soft, gel-based substrates mimicking gingival tissue stiffness (0.2 kPa) with those cultured on conventional TCP (3 GPa) to assess the influence of substrate stiffness on the cytotoxicity of methyl methacrylate (MMA), as well as other cytotoxic agents, including DMSO and H2O2. The results demonstrated that cells cultured on softer substrates exhibited enhanced resistance to cytotoxic stress, with increased viability and decreased apoptosis and DNA damage following exposure to MMA, DMSO, and H2O2. Notably, HGFs on soft substrates showed significantly greater resilience to MMA-induced cytotoxicity compared to those cultured on TCP. These findings emphasize the critical role of substrate stiffness in modulating cellular responses to toxic agents and highlight the necessity of using physiologically relevant models for cytotoxicity testing of dental materials. This study provides valuable insights for improving biocompatibility assessment protocols in clinical settings.
Media Device Use and Vision Disorders in the Pediatric Age: The State of the Art
Authors: Bozzola Elena , Irrera Mariangela , Hellmann Romie , Crugliano Salvatore , Fortunato Michele
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Evidence is consistent with increased screen viewing time among children and adolescents, and anticipation at the age at which children interact with media devices. Incorrect use of technology, as well as overuse, may lead to serious consequences. This study aims to revise scientific international literature and to describe the potential eye risks correlated to screen viewing time in the pediatric age. Materials and Methods. A review of the literature was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using the search terms “media device” and “eye” with the filter “age 0–18”. Results. Analyzing the international literature, we found 26 articles. Pre-myopia, myopia, digital eye strain, and acute acquired comitant esotropia were listed as potential and time-related consequences associated with the incorrect use of media devices among children and adolescents. Discussion. Family education on media device exposure and potential risk for children and adolescents’ sight in case of prolonged digital/screen exposure is required. During pediatric check controls, a dialogue with families on prolonged media device use at a close distance should be undertaken. Pediatricians and ophthalmologists should consider screen viewing time in case of ocular problems.
Alliin Induces Reconstitution of Testes Damaged by Estrogen Overstimulation by Regulating Apoptosis
Authors: Kim Dae-Seung , Oh Min-Jee , Kim Sang-Hwan
Published: November 2024

We analyzed the effect of alliin on the recovery of mouse testicular function and structure following estradiol treatment as well as on apoptosis regulation. During the cultivation of testicular cells, high-concentration estradiol suppressed Casp-3; PCNA, mTOR, and PI3K signaling increased; and cell proliferation in the testes was abnormally increased. Therefore, estradiol treatment increased the proportion of abnormal cells. The estradiol and 2.5 μM of alliin treatment increased Casp-3 levels and suppressed Bcl-2, PCNA, mTOR, and PI3K expression. Additionally, treatment with estradiol caused tissue loss. Furthermore, Ca2+ deposition decreased, TNF-r protein expression increased, and the levels of other protein markers of cell survival and death decreased. Tissue recovery and restoration of the testes occurred after alliin treatment; the gene expression of cell survival and death markers, except for TNF-r, increased with increasing Ca2+ deposition. Cell proliferation and tissue reorganization may correlate with an increased signal of intrinsic apoptosis owing to increased Ca2+ deposition. Therefore, treatment with alliin may regulate the apoptosis of cells with normal or abnormal signal transduction and help to revert testicular dysfunction.
Optimized Protocol for RNA Isolation from Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus Strains
Authors: Siniecka-Kotula Aleksandra , Mroczyńska-Szeląg Martyna , Brillowska-Dąbrowska Anna , Holec-Gąsior Lucyna
Published: November 2024

Efficient RNA isolation from filamentous fungi is crucial for gene expression studies, but it poses significant technical challenges due to the robust cell walls and susceptibility of RNA to degradation by ribonucleases. This study presents the effectiveness of two RNA isolation protocols for four species of filamentous fungi: Penicillium crustosum, Penicillium rubens, Penicillium griseofulvum, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Both protocols utilized Fenzol Plus for cell lysis but varied in the mechanical disruption methods: bead-beating versus manual vortexing. The results show that the bead-beater method (Protocol 1) yielded significantly higher RNA quantities, with better purity and integrity, as demonstrated by higher A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios. RNA concentrations ranged from 30 to 96 µg/g of dry biomass in Penicillium species and up to 52 µg/g in A. fumigatus. The use of chloroform in Protocol 1 also enhanced RNA purity, effectively separating contaminants such as DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. This optimized protocol is highly efficient and can be applied in routine laboratories handling large numbers of fungal samples, making it a robust method for downstream applications such as cDNA synthesis and transcriptome analysis.
Characterization of Trileucine Motif in the C-Terminus of the Equine Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor
Authors: Kim Sang-Gwon , Byambaragchaa Munkhzaya , Park Sei Hyen , Jeong Ha-Rin , Park Jae-Hyek , Park Myung-Hum , Kang Myung-Hwa , Min Kwan-Sik
Published: November 2024

The lutropin/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LH/CGR) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family, characterized by conserved leucine residues in their carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic tails. This study aimed to investigate the functional significance of the equine LH/CGR (eLH/CGR) trileucine motif in signal transduction. Wild-type eLH/CGR (eLH/CGR-wt) and mutant receptors, in which the trileucine motif was altered to alanine (eLH/CGR-ALL, LAL, LLA, and AAA), were analyzed in transfected cells. The expression levels of mutants ranged from 60% to 78%, with eLH/CGR-AAA showing the lowest level. Although the trileucine motif did not individually affect cAMP responsiveness, the combined mutant (eLH/CGR-AAA) significantly reduced cAMP response, surface receptor levels and enhanced receptor internalization rates. Activation of phospho-ERK1/2 was rapid in all mutants, peaking at 5 min, but eLH/CGR-ALL and LAL mutants exhibited a sharp decline in activity at 15 min. Notably, the eLH/CGR-LLA and AAA mutants showed similar phospho-ERK1/2 activity as the wild type. The eLH/CGR-AAA mutant also displayed a two-fold reduction in PKA signal transduction. These findings suggest that while individual leucine residues of the trileucine motif do not affect cAMP responsiveness, the entire motif plays a crucial role in receptor trafficking and signaling, specifically influencing PKA and phospho-ERK1/2 pathways.
A Comprehensive Review on Bioactive Molecules and Advanced Microorganism Management Technologies
Authors: Wali Adil Farooq , Talath Sirajunisa , Sridhar Sathvik B. , Shareef Javedh , Goud Manjunatha , Rangraze Imran Rashid , Alaani Nowar Nizar , Mohamed Omnia Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

The advent of new strains of resistant microbes and the concomitant growth in multidrug resistance have made antimicrobial resistance an urgent public health concern. New antimicrobials are desperately needed to boost the success rates of treating infectious diseases and save lives. There are many intriguing biomolecules with antibacterial action, which are mostly unexplored in microorganisms. This review article describes the importance of natural compounds against microorganisms using advanced techniques to protect individuals from diseases. We have conducted an extensive literature review using databases such as SCOPUS, SCI, PUBMED, ScienceDirect, and Medline to gather relevant information. Our review covers various microorganism sources for antimicrobials, antifungal drugs, micro-culturing techniques, and microbial-based microsystems’ applications. Every kind of higher trophic life depends on microorganisms for sustenance. The unseen majority is essential to understanding how humans and other living forms can survive anthropogenic climate change. The article discusses antimicrobial substances and the latest techniques and strategies for developing effective treatments. Novel model systems and cutting-edge biomolecular and computational methodologies could help researchers enhance antimicrobial resistance by completely capitalizing on lead antimicrobials.
Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Corneal Epithelial Cells: Current Progress
Authors: Setiawan Abdul Malik , Kamarudin Taty Anna
Published: November 2024

The limited availability of corneal tissue grafts poses significant challenges in the treatment of corneal blindness. Novel treatment utilizes stem cell grafts transplanted from the healthy side of the cornea to the damaged side. However, this procedure is only possible for those who have one-sided corneal blindness. Human stem cells offer promising potential for corneal tissue engineering, providing an alternative solution. Among the different types of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) stand out due to their abundance and ease of isolation. Human MSCs can be derived from bone marrow, adipose, and umbilical cord tissues. Differentiating MSC toward corneal tissue can be achieved through several methods including chemical induction and co-culture with adult corneal cells such as human limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) and human corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the most common type of MSC that has been studied for corneal differentiation. Corneal epithelial cells are the most common corneal cell type targeted by researchers for corneal differentiation. Chemical induction with small molecules, especially bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), has gained more popularity in corneal epithelial cell differentiation. This review highlights the current progress in utilizing MSCs for corneal differentiation studies, showcasing their potential to revolutionize treatments for corneal blindness.
Comprehensive Study on the Thrust Estimation and Anti-Freezing Lubricant of Pipe Jacking in Frozen Soil
Authors: Wen Kai , Zeng Wei , Ye Qing , Shimada Hideki , Qin Siliang , Fu Benhao
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in underground construction have led to the widespread utilization of pipe jacking. However, the engineering challenges posed by frozen ground in pipe jacking projects have not been extensively studied. This research aims to address the critical challenges linked to employing pipe jacking in frozen ground for underground construction. It is widely recognized that the accurate calculation of jacking thrust and mitigation of pipe–soil interaction plays a crucial role in determining the success or failure of pipe jacking operations. To explore these issues, this study conducted numerical simulations and comparative analyses, considering various factors such as soil properties, geometric dimensions, and burial depth, to assess their influence on jacking thrust. Additionally, the study also examines the freeze–thaw effect on concrete pipes and the injected lubricant. The results indicate that the numerical model, which considers the temperature effects and static friction instead of sliding friction, provides a more reliable estimation of jacking thrust in frozen ground compared to traditional theoretical models. Furthermore, the freezing point depression method was successfully employed in the development of an anti-freezing lubricant, which can effectively reduce pipe–soil interaction even at extremely low temperatures of up to −10 °C.
Solid–Liquid Composite Lubrication (SLCL) Based on Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings and Lubricating Oils: Properties and Challenges
Authors: Qi Wei , Chen Lei , Li Hui , Tang Lieming , Xu Zhiliang
Published: November 2024

In the field of industrial lubrication, solid–liquid composite lubrication (SLCL) techniques based on diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings and lubricating oils are emerging recently, which may be applied in many fields in the near future, especially automotive industries. The tribological behaviors of SLCL systems depend strongly on the compatibility between DLC coatings and oils. This review describes the advantages of SLCL techniques by pointing out the synergistic effects between DLC coatings and lubricating oils. Then the main factors determining the tribological performance of SLCL systems are discussed in detail. Finally, a conclusion about the characteristics of reported SLCL systems is made, and a prospect about the potential development of SLCL technology is proposed. On the basis of the relevant literature, it could be found that the tribological properties of SLCL systems were influenced by many more factors compared with individual DLC lubrication or individual oil lubrication due to the complicated tribo-chemical reactions involving DLC and oil during friction. And under some optimized working conditions, the tribological performances of SLCL systems (friction and wear reduction) are superior to individual DLC lubrication and individual oil lubrication. However, the tribological performance of SLCL systems needs to be further improved (for example, to achieve superlubricity and ultra-low wear simultaneously) by adjusting the structures of DLC coatings, regulating the compositions of oils, and most importantly, enhancing the physicochemical and tribological synergies between DLC coatings and oils. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the SLCL technology, which may be very helpful for the researchers and engineers in the field of industrial lubrication and tribology.
Optimizing Antioxidant and Anti-Hyaluronidase Activities of Mixed Coffea arabica, Centella asiatica, and Curcuma longa Extracts for Cosmetic Application
Authors: Phupaisan Natthanan , Ampasavate Chadarat , Natakankitkul Surapol , Kiattisin Kanokwan
Published: November 2024

Coffea arabica, Centella asiatica, and Curcuma longa extracts have demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-aging activities. However, research on combining these three extracts in specific proportions to enhance their antioxidant and anti-hyaluronidase effects remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal proportions of C. arabica, C. asiatica, and C. longa extracts to maximize their combined antioxidant and anti-hyaluronidase activities. A two-level full factorial design was used to identify the optimal concentration ratios of the mixed extracts. The results indicated that all extracts influenced antioxidant activity, with the optimal proportions of C. arabica, C. asiatica, and C. longa extracts being 0.5:6:2 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, all factors affected hyaluronidase enzyme inhibition, with the optimal proportions for C. arabica, C. asiatica, and C. longa extracts being 10:10:5 mg/mL to achieve the best inhibition. In a photostability study on individual extracts, mixed extracts, and mixed extracts combined with sodium metabisulfite and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, it was observed that preparing the mixed extracts and adding an antioxidant and a sunscreen agent helped reduce the photodegradation of phenolic compounds in the mixed extracts. Consequently, the stabilized mixed extracts could serve as raw materials in cosmetic products.
Experimental Investigation and Machine Learning Modeling of Tribological Characteristics of AZ31/B4C/GNPs Hybrid Composites
Authors: Ammisetti Dhanunjay Kumar , Chigilipalli Bharat Kumar , Gaddala Baburao , Kottala Ravi Kumar , Aepuru Radhamanohar , Rao T. Srinivasa , Praveenkumar Seepana , Kumar Ravinder
Published: November 2024

In this study, the AZ31 hybrid composites reinforced with boron carbide (B4C) and graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) are prepared by the stir casting method. The main aim of the study is to study the effect of various wear parameters (reinforcement percentage (R), applied load (L), sliding distance (D), and velocity (V)) on the wear characteristics (wear rate (WR)) of the AZ91/B4C/GNP composites. Experiments are designed using the Taguchi technique, and it was determined that load (L) is the most significant parameter affecting WR, followed by D, R, and V. The wear mechanisms under conditions of maximum and minimum wear rates are examined using SEM analysis of the worn-out surfaces of the specimens. From the result analysis on the WR, the ideal conditions for achieving the lowest WR are R = 4 wt.%, L = 15 N, V = 3 m/s, and D = 500 m. Machine learning (ML) models, including linear regression (LR), polynomial regression (PR), random forest (RF), and Gaussian process regression (GPR), are implemented to develop a reliable prediction model that forecasts output responses in accordance with input variables. A total of 90% of the experimental data points were used to train and 10% to evaluate the models. The PR model exceeded the accuracy of other models in predicting WR, with R2 = 0.953, MSE = 0.011, RMSE = 0.103, and COF with R2 = 0.937, MSE = 0.013, and RMSE = 0.114, respectively.
Expansion of an Academic Molecular Tumor Board to Enhance Access to Biomarker-Driven Trials and Therapies in the Rural Southeastern United States
Authors: Kumar Anivarya , Owen Jennifer R. , Sloat Nicholette T. , Maynard Elizabeth , Hill Vanessa M. , Hubbard Christopher B. , McKinney Matthew S. , Sutton Linda M. , McCall Shannon J. , Datto Michael B. , Moyer Ashley N. , Caughey Bennett A. , Strickler John H. , Ramaker Ryne C.
Published: November 2024

Targeting tumor-specific molecular alterations has shown significant clinical benefit. Molecular tumor boards (MTBs) connect cancer patients with personalized treatments and clinical trials. However, rural cancer centers often have limited access to MTB expertise. We established an academic–community partnership expanding our academic MTB to affiliated rural community cancer centers. We developed a centralized molecular registry of tumors (MRT) to aggregate the comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) results and facilitate multidisciplinary MTB review. Of the 151 patients included, 87 (58%) had actionable genomic biomarkers, 42 (28%) were eligible for a targeted off-label therapy, and 27 (18%) were matched to a clinical trial. Of those with a clinical trial match, only 1 of 27 (3%) was enrolled in the identified trial. One year into implementation, community oncology providers were anonymously surveyed on persistent barriers to precision treatment utilization. The primary barriers to clinical trial enrollment were the distance to the trial center (70%), lack of transportation (55%), and lack of local trials (50%). This study offers a framework to improve access to molecular expertise, but significant barriers to the equitable use of CGP and trial enrollment persist.
Novel Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3–Fatty Acid Synthase Gene Fusion in Recurrent Epithelioid Glioblastoma Linked to Aggressive Clinical Progression
Authors: Diaz Miguel A. , Vázquez-Gómez Felisa , Garrido Irene , Arias Francisco , Suarez Julia , Buño Ismael , Lassaletta Álvaro
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median overall survival (OS) of 15–18 months despite standard treatments. Approximately 8% of GBM cases exhibit genomic alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), particularly FGFR1 and FGFR3. Next-generation sequencing techniques have identified various FGFR3 fusions in GBM. This report presents a novel FGFR3 fusion with fatty acid synthase (FASN) in a 41-year-old male diagnosed with GBM. The patient presented with a persistent headache, and imaging revealed a right frontal lobe lesion. Surgical resection and subsequent histopathology confirmed GBM. Initial NGS analysis showed no mutations in the IDH1, IDH2 or H3F3 genes, but revealed a TERT promoter mutation and CDKN2A/2B and PTEN deletions. Postoperative treatment included radiotherapy and temozolomide. Despite initial management, recurrence occurred four months post-diagnosis, confirmed by MRI and histology. A second surgery identified a novel FGFR3-FASN fusion, alongside increased Ki67 expression. The recurrence was managed with regorafenib and bevacizumab, though complications like hand–foot syndrome and radiation necrosis arose. Despite initial improvement, the patient died 15 months after diagnosis. This case underscores the importance of understanding GBM’s molecular landscape for effective treatment strategies. The novel FGFR3-FASN fusion suggests potential implications for GBM recurrence and lipid metabolism. Further studies are warranted to explore FGFR3-FASN’s role in GBM and its therapeutic targeting.