bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration and validation of the Youth Activity Profile as a physical activity and sedentary behaviour surveillance tool for English youth
Authors: Fairclough Stuart J , Christian Danielle L , Saint-Maurice Pedro F , Hibbing Paul R , Noonan Robert J , Welk Greg J , Dixon Philip M , Boddy Lynne M
Published: June 2019

Background

Calibration algorithms applied to the Youth Activity Profile (YAP) self-report questionnaire in the US have accurately estimated moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB). However, the efficacy of the calibration algorithms may vary when applied to different populations. We aimed to: (1) assess the accuracy of US-generated YAP calibration algorithms for MVPA and SB with English youth, (2) validate English-specific YAP calibration algorithms, (3) examine their potential surveillance utility to assess compliance to MVPA guidelines.

Methods

Four primary schools and five secondary schools were recruited. Four-hundred-and-two participants (aged 9-16 years; 212 boys) wore SenseWear Armband Mini devices (SWA) for eight days and completed the YAP on the eighth day. For aim (1) the original US calibration algorithms were applied to the YAP scores, which were matched to SWA-estimated in-school, out-of-school, and weekend MVPA and out-of-school SB data. For aim (2) new calibration algorithms for the equivalent time-segments were generated from the English YAP data using quantile regression. The algorithms were applied in an independent cross-validation sample, and individual- and group-level agreement were assessed using bias, mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and equivalency tests, respectively. For aim (3) the utility of the English YAP algorithms to assess compliance to MVPA guidelines was examined using kappa, sensitivity, and specificity.

Results

Agreement between the US calibration algorithms and SWA estimates of MVPA and SB was poor. Group-level MAPE for the English YAP-estimates of in-school, out-of-school, and weekend MVPA ranged from 3.6% to 17.3%. Bias for these estimates were 17.2 (34.4), 31.6 (14.0), and -4.9 (3.6) min·week-1, respectively. Out-of-school SB was over-predicted by 109.2 (11.8) min·week-1 (MAPE=11.8%). Predicted YAP values were within 15%-20% equivalence of the SWA estimates. Classification accuracy of the English YAP MVPA estimates for compliance to 60 min·day-1 and 30 min·school-day-1 MVPA recommendations were 91%/37% and 89%/57% sensitivity/specificity, respectively.

Conclusions

The English YAP generated robust group-level estimates of MVPA and SB and has potential for surveillance to monitor compliance with MVPA guidelines. The YAP’s accuracy may be further improved through research work with more representative UK samples to enhance the calibration process and to refine the resultant algorithms.
The association between sedentary behaviour and indicators of stress: A systematic review
Authors: Teychenne Megan , Stephens Lena D , Costigan Sarah A , Olstad Dana Lee , Stubbs Brendon , Turner Anne I
Published: June 2019

Background

Emerging evidence shows sedentary behaviour may be associated with mental health outcomes (e.g. anxiety, depression). Yet, the strength of the evidence linking sedentary behaviour and stress is unclear. This study aimed to synthesise evidence regarding associations between time spent in sedentary behaviour and stress in adults.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted (January 1990 – November 2018). Following PRISMA guidelines, an evaluation of methodological quality, and best-evidence synthesis of associations between time in sedentary behaviour (including sitting time, TV viewing, computer use) and stress were presented. Twenty-three studies reporting on data from n=68,932 people (age 18-98y, 62.7% women) were included.

Results

Across the studies (n=2 strong-, n=7 moderate- and n=14 weak-quality), there was insufficient evidence that overall time in sedentary behaviour and sitting time were associated with stress, regardless of the type of measure used (objective or subjective) to assess sedentary behaviour or stress. There was strong evidence of no association between TV viewing, or computer use and stress.

Conclusion

Although previous research may suggest sedentary behaviour may be linked to mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety, the evidence for an association between various types of sedentary behaviour and stress is limited in quality, and relationships are either inconsistent or null. High-quality longitudinal/interventional research is required to confirm findings and determine the direction of associations between different contexts (i.e. purpose) and domains (i.e. leisure, occupational, transport) of sedentary behaviour and stress.
Round hole, square peg: social inequalities and the political legitimization of health technology in Norway, a critical discourse analysis
Authors: Weiss Daniel
Published: June 2019

Background: Although technological innovations in health have proven effective, their uncritical development and adoption leaves little room for understanding consequences that may undermine their aggregate social value. As research is increasingly understanding the impacts these technologies are having on social inequalities, political discourse is often a force promoting their development and adoption. This study therefore aimed to investigate national public health policy discourse with specific focus on innovative health technology and social inequalities – in a Norwegian context. Methods: The analysis relies on a perspective grounded in critical discourse analysis (CDA), with inspiration from a discourse-historical approach (DHA) and political discourse analysis. Included in the analysis are central documents typically influential in the lawmaking procedure. Documents were coded and analyzed using Nvivo and supported by summary notes. Results: The results and discussion focus on three major discourse strands: the “technologies discourse” (types of technologies), the “responsibility discourse” (who has responsibility for health and technology), and the “legitimization discourse” (the ways in which these technologies are legitimized). Conclusion: In conclusion, we find that despite an overt political imperative for reducing social inequalities in health, the Norwegian health technologies discourse gives little attention to the potential for these innovations to unintentionally (re)produce social inequalities. Instead, the discourse is characterized by neoliberal undertones that individualize and commercialize public health and promote a pro-innovation ideology.
Determining ‘Curriculum Viability’ through Standards and Inhibitors of Curriculum Quality: A Scoping Review
Authors: Khan Rehan Ahmed , Spruijt Annemarie , Mahboob Usman , Merrienboer Jeroen J. G. van
Published: June 2019

Background

A curriculum is dynamic entity and hence, metaphorically, can be considered ‘alive’. Curricular diseases may impair its quality and hence its viability. The quality of a curriculum is typically assessed against certain quality standards only. This approach does not identify the inhibitors impeding the achievement of quality standards. The purpose of this study is to identify not only standards but also inhibitors of curriculum quality, allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of what we coin ‘curriculum viability’.

Methods

We performed a scoping review of ‘curriculum viability’, after which 13 articles were found eligible through a meticulous search and selection process. We first identified 1233 studies based on matching keywords, title and abstract; 36 of which met our inclusion criteria. After application of the Qualsyst criteria, two independent reviewers performed a thematic analysis of the 13 articles that remained.

Results

While all studies reported on standards of quality, only two studies described both standards and inhibitors of quality. These standards and inhibitors were related to educational content and strategy, students, faculty, assessment, educational/work environment, communication, technology and leadership.

Conclusions

The framework of curriculum viability thus developed will help identify inhibitors adversely affecting the curriculum viability and remaining hidden or un-noticed when curriculum evaluation is done.
Analysis of MADS-box genes revealed modified flowering gene network and diurnal expression in pineapple
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Fatima Mahpara , Zhou Ping , Ming Ray
Published: June 2019

Background

Pineapple is the most important crop with CAM photosynthesis, but its molecular biology is underexplored. MADS-box genes are crucial transcription factors involving in plant development and several biological processes. However, there is no systematic analysis of MADS-box family genes in pineapple (Ananas comosus).

Results

Forty-eight MADS-box genes were identified in the pineapple genome. Based on the phylogenetic studies, pineapple MADS-box genes can be divided into type I and type II MADS-box genes. Thirty-four pineapple genes were classified as type II MADS-box genes including 32 MIKC-type and 2 Mδ-type, while 14 type I MADS-box genes were further divided into Mα, Mβ and Mγ subgroups. A majority of pineapple MADS-box genes were randomly distributed across 19 chromosomes. RNA-seq expression patterns of MADS-box genes in four different tissues revealed that more genes were highly expressed in flowers and three genes (Aco004785.1, Aco008359.1 and Aco007999.1) were expressed only in flowers. There is no FLC and CO orthologs in pineapple. The loss of FLC and CO orthologs in pineapple indicated that modified flowering genes network in this tropical plant compared with Arabidopsis. The expression patterns of MADS-box genes in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic leaf tissues indicated the potential roles of some MADS-box genes in pineapple CAM photosynthesis. The 23% of pineapple MADS-box genes showed diurnal rhythm, indicating that these MADS-box genes are regulated by circadian clock.

Conclusions

MADS-box genes identified in pineapple are closely related to flowering development. Some MADS-box genes are involved in CAM photosynthesis and regulated by the circadian clock. These findings will facilitate research on the development of unusual spiral inflorescences on pineapple fruit and CAM photosynthesis.
Quantitative CT parameters correlate with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yan , Lin Shan , Li Jian-Ting , Wu Jing , Han Dong , Guan Wei
Published: June 2019

Background

The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between quantitative computed tomography (CT) parameters and airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge were searched by two investigators from inception to 2018, using a combination of pertinent items to discover articles that investigated the relationship between CT measurements and lung function parameters in patients with COPD. Five reviewers independently evaluated the quality, extracted data and evaluated bias. The correlation coefficient was calculated and heterogeneity was explored. The following CT measurements were extracted: percentage of lung attenuation area < -950 Hounsfield Units (HU), mean lung density, percentage of airway wall area, air trapping index, airway wall thickness. Two airflow obstruction parameters were extracted: forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of prediction (FEV1% pred) and FEV1 divided by forced expiratory volume lung capacity.

Results

A total of 117 studies (19,942 participants) were identified, 36 of which (4,762 participants) were suitable for meta-analysis. Results from our analysis demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between quantitative CT parameters and lung function. The absolute pooled correlation coefficients ranged from 0.44 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.53) to 0.71(95% CI,0.65 to 0.77) for inspiratory CT and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.65) to 0.66 (95% CI,0.61 to 0.72) for expiratory CT.

Conclusions

Results from this analysis demonstrated that quantitative CT parameters are significantly correlated with lung function in patients with COPD. With recent advances in chest CT, we can evaluate morphological features in the lungs that cannot be obtained by other clinical indices, such as pulmonary function tests. Therefore, CT can provide a quantitative method to advance the development and testing of new interventions and therapies for patients with COPD .
Nutritional status of tuberculosis patients, a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Feleke Berhanu Elfu , Feleke Teferi Elfu , Biadglegne Fantahun
Published: June 2019

Background

Each year, more than 13.7 million people became an active case of tuberculosis and more than 1.5 million cases of tuberculosis patient will die. The association between tuberculosis and malnutrition is bi-directional, tuberculosis leads the patient to malnutrition, and malnutrition increases the risk of developing active tuberculosis by 6 to 10 times higher. Improving the nutrition of individual greatly reduces tuberculosis. The objectives of this study were to assess the nutritional status and determinants of tuberculosis patients.

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented. The sample size was calculated using Epi-info software. The data were collected from July 2015- May 2018. The data were collected by interviewing method, measuring anthropometrics indicators and collecting the stool and blood samples. The data were entered into the computer using Epi-info software and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the proportion of malnutrition. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of malnutrition.

Results

A total of 5045 study participants were included giving the response rate of 93.1%. The prevalence of underweight among tuberculosis patients was 57.17% (95% CI: 54.80% -59.54%) and 88.52% of tuberculosis patients were anemic. The prevalence of malnutrition (underweight) among tuberculosis free residents was 23.37% (95% CI: 21.93-24.80). The nutritional status of tuberculosis patients were determined by site of infection AOR: 0.68[0.49-0.94], sex of the patient AOR: 0.39 [0.25-0.56], residence AOR: 3.84 [2.74-5.54], intestinal parasite infection AOR: 7 [5.2-9.95], alcohol use disorder AOR: 1.52 [1.17-2.13].

Conclusion

High proportion of tuberculosis patients was malnourished. Tuberculosis patients were highly susceptible to malnutrition and even a very distal factor for malnutrition in the community became a proximal factor for tuberculosis patients.
The Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders
Authors: BAYDAR Oya , OZYILMAZ Ezgi , AVCI Alper , SAYGIDEGER Yasemin
Published: June 2019

Background

The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (POPCs) in restrictive pulmonary disorders remains indefinite especially in adults. Therefore, this study is structured to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of POPCs in restrictive pulmonary disorders.

Methods

2177 preoperative consultations have been prospectively evaluated from May 2015 to May 2016 in Cukurova University, Department of Chest Diseases. 60 of them (2.8%) met restrictive pulmonary function tests (PFTs) criteria and all of them were enrolled in the study. Each participant was evaluated at the 7th day and has been followed-up until 30th day after surgery. Clinical, surgical, PFT and arterial blood gas analysis parameters were evaluated to analyse risk factors of POPCs.

Results

The incidence of early and late POPCs as 10% and 11.7% in restrictive pulmonary disorders. Preoperative PaO2 ≤ 68 mmHg is an independent risk factor of POPCs. Surgery site, duration of surgery, age, previous or current smoking, preoperative PFT results, physical status, cardiopulmonary risk points, abnormal chest radiography were not significantly related with an increased risk in our study.

Conclusions

The incidence of POPCs in restrictive pulmonary disorders is high. The patients with restrictive pulmonary disorders should be evaluated with particular care perioperatively. Arterial blood gas analysis may give additional knowledge about increased POPCs risk.
Unconventional association between risk factors and knowledge of stroke among cerebrovascular disease survivors in China: A cross-sectional community-based study (FAST-RIGHT)
Authors: Li Shengde , Cui Li-Ying , Anderson Craig , Gao Chunpeng , Yu Chengdong , Shan Guangliang , Wang Longde , Peng Bin
Published: June 2019

Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) survivors are at a risk of recurrent strokes, and early correct response to stroke is crucial to promote access to effective reperfusion therapy. This study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between increased risk factors and the intent to call emergency medical services (EMS) among CVD survivors.
Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted from January 2017 to May 2017, including 187 723 adults (age ≥ 40 years) across 69 administrative areas in China. A CVD survivor population of 6290 was analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the association between the number of modifiable risk factors and stroke recognition and EMS calling, respectively.
Results: The estimated stroke recognition rate in CVD survivors with 0, 1-2, and 3-7 modifiable risk factors was 84.7% (321/379), 84.4% (2346/2780), and 85.6% (2673/3123), respectively. The rate of calling EMS in the 0, 1-2, and 3-7 modifiable risk factor groups was 66.0% (250/379), 62.7% (1744/2780), and 67.8% (2117/3123), respectively. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases was higher among CVD survivors than the non-CVD population. The CVD survivors’ knowledge of recognizing stroke and intent to call EMS did not improve with an increasing number of modifiable risk factors, even after adjustment for multiple sociodemographic factors.
Conclusions: Despite being at a higher risk of recurrent stroke, Chinese CVD survivors showed poor knowledge of stroke, and their intent to call EMS did not improve with stroke risk. Special, targeted, and enhanced secondary stroke prevention education is needed for CVD survivors.
Barriers and facilitators of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) intention among Chinese Men who have sex with men
Authors: Su Xiaoyou , Si Mingyu , Yan Li , Jiang Yu , Liu Yuanli , Wei Chongyi , Yan Hongjing
Published: June 2019

Background

Despite strengthened efforts on HIV prevention and control, new HIV infections continue to increase among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a highly effective HIV prevention tool, has recently been included in the China’s Action Plan of HIV Prevention and Control. To inform future PrEP implementation, this study is to identify barriers and facilitators of PrEP intention among MSM in China.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 300 MSM in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province in 2018. Demographic information, a 7-item high-risk behavior index, PrEP use intention, PrEP-related awareness and accessibility, and a 7-item public HIV stigma scale were included in the questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with PrEP intention.

Results

Overall, just 55.7% of participants had ever heard of PrEP, while 75.3% expressed willingness to use PrEP if efficacy was assured. Beliefs that ‘PrEP can prevent HIV if taken as prescribed (aOR=4.84, p<0.001), and ‘PrEP can be scaled up in the community’(aOR=3.24, p<0.001), were positively associated with PrEP intention. Concerns of side effects were negatively associated with PrEP intention (aOR=0.32, p =0.006).

Conclusions

Given the relatively low awareness of PrEP-related information in China, interventions on awareness and knowledge targeting high risk individuals and community are needed to scale up of oral PrEP implementation once approved by China FDA.
Keywords MSM; HIV; PrEP; Intention
Effectiveness of Yi-Zhi-An-Shen Granules on cognition and sleep quality in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Yue Shengnan , He Ting , Li Baiyang , Qu Yanqin , Peng Hongmei , Chen Jinxin , Lei Ming , Chen Chongli , Wu Wenbin
Published: June 2019

Background

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a syndrome characterized by significant forgetfulness that does not meet the criteria of dementia. Individuals with aMCI are at a bigger risk of progressing to dementia. Current studies suggest good sleep quality is linked with preserved cognition in the elderly, and sleep complaints are common among the elderly with amnesia. Therefore, improving their sleep may be helpful for maintaining and improving their cognitive capacity. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Yi-Zhi-An-Shen is an herbal compound which may ameliorate forgetfulness and sleep disorders. As growing evidence indicates that gut microbiome is associated with major mental symptoms, a hypothesis was proposed that Yi-Zhi-An-Shen Granules (YZASG) might work by alternating microbial abundance and diversity. In this study, the investigators intend to assess the efficacy of YZASG on global cognition in the elderly suffering from aMCI, and evaluate its safety as well as its potential mechanisms via sleep quality, fecal microbial 16SrDNA and metagenomics analyses, and serum markers.

Methods/design

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 80 patients (aged 60~85 years) will be recruited and allocated randomly to a treatment group and a placebo group in a 1:1 ratio, then will be administered YZASG or isodose placebo three times a day. The intervention course is 16 weeks, with an 18-month follow-up. The primary outcome is Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog11). Secondary outcome measures are mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), serum concentrations of immunological factors and inflammatory cytokines, fecal microbiota. Fecal microbiota will only be collected at the baseline and endpoint of the intervention.

Discussion

The results of this trial will be conducive to assessing the safety and effectiveness on cognition of YZASG in intervening aMCI among the elderly and determining if it takes effect via the improvement of sleep quality, regulation of gut microbita, concentration of certain serum markers.
The efficacy and safety of Shenzhu Guanxin Recipe Granules for treatment of patients with coronary artery disease: protocol for a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: jin xiao , Wu Huanlin , Wu Bingxin , Li Yukai , Wang Xia , Liu Guoqing , Dang Xiaojing , Xu Danping
Published: June 2019

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common types of the cardiovascular diseases, previous pilot trials suggested that Traditional Chinese Medicine brought clinical benefits for patients with CAD. We will conduct this trial to determine the efficacy and safety of Shenzhu Guanxin Recipe Granules for treatment of patients with coronary artery disease.

Patients and Methods

This randomized controlled trial recruited 194 patients who were diagnosed CAD by clinical manifestations and examinations, in which coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) showed 50-70% of stenosis, with soft or mixed plaque. The included participants were randomly assigned to the case group and control group with a 1:1 allocation ratio; patients in the case group received SGR and usual care, and those in the control group received placebo (6 g/day for 6 months) and usual care. The endpoint of the study included calcium coverage score (CCS), C-Reactive protein (CRP), and the levels of blood lipids, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ATP-binding membrane cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) were calculated before recruiting at6th month. The indicators were Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and TCM syndrome questionnaire scores at 0th, 3rd, and 6th months.

Discussion

This clinical trial may provide a reliable evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness and safety of SGR therapy for patients with CAD by clinical manifestations and examinations, in which coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) showed 50-70% of stenosis, with soft or mixed plaque.
Macular hole surgery recovery with and without face-down posturing: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ye Ting , Yu Ji-guo , Liao Lin , Liu Lan , Xia Ting , Yang Lei-lei
Published: June 2019

Background: After pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and gas tamponade, patients are often required to remain in a face-down position (FDP) to allow the gas bubble to push against the macular hole (MH) to promote hole closure. However, this position may be uncomfortable and inconvenient for the elderly and those with medical comorbidities; it may also lead to certain postoperative complications. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of postoperative FDP and non-face-down position (nFDP) on the closure rate of MHs following MH surgery.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected through an electronic search of the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, and Embase databases. Trial eligibility and risk of bias were assessed according to Cochrane review methods. The primary measures included overall MH closure rate and subgroup analysis based on MH size. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software and Stata software 15.0.
Results: Five RCTs composed of a total of 183 eyes in the FDP group and 175 eyes in the nFDP group were included in this meta-analysis. Statistical meta-analysis revealed that the overall MH closure rate in the FDP group was significantly higher than that in the nFDP group (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.02 to 5.05, P = 0.04). For MH sizes smaller than 400 µm, the subgroup meta-analysis indicated that the closure rate of the FDP group was not significantly higher than that of the nFDP group (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.39 to 4.49, P = 0.66). However, when MH size was larger than 400 µm, there was a significantly higher closure rate in the FDP group (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.10 to 7.94, P = 0.03).
Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that a face-down postoperative position seems to be unnecessary when MHs are smaller than 400 µm but may be highly recommended for MHs larger than 400 µm. Further RCTs with large sample sizes are warranted to validate these findings in future.
Phylogeny, Sequence-typing and virulence profile of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains from Pakistan
Authors: Ali Ihsan , Rafaque Zara , Ahmed Ibrar , Tariq Faiza , Graham Sarah E. , Salzman Elizabeth , Foxman Betsy , Dasti Javid Iqbal
Published: June 2019

Background Escherichia coli lineage ST131 predominates across various spectra of extra-intestinal infections, including urinary tract infection (UTI). The distinctive resistance profile, diverse armamentarium of virulence factors and rapid global dissemination of ST131 E. coli makes it an intriguing pathogen. However, not much is known about the prevalence and genetic attributes of ST131 lineage in Pakistan. Methods We estimated the prevalence and genetic attributes of E. coli ST131 isolates causing UTI among 155 randomly selected samples. Samples were analyzed by phylogenetic grouping, O-typing, fumC/fimH typing. Isolates were further tested for ESBL and virulence factors using PCR. Results Overall, 59% of the UPEC isolates belonged to the phylogenetic group B2, followed by D=28%, B1= 8% and A= 5%. Among 18 different Sequence-types, ST131 was the dominant lineage (n=71; 46%) out of which 72% of the isolates were assigned to phylogenetic group B2 while 61% adhered to serogroup O25b. FumC/fimH typing confirmed 49% of the ST131 as H30 sub-types. In this study, significant numbers of the identified ST131 isolates were MDR and 42% showed ESBL phenotypes, out of which 57% carried blaCTX-M-15. Moreover, different virulence factors were detected in following percentages: fimH,155 (100%), iutA 86 (55%), feoB 76 (49%), papC 75 (48%), papGII 70 (45%), kpsMTII 40 (26%), papEF 37 (24%), fyuA 37 (24%), usp 22 (14%), papA 20 (13%), sfa/foc 20 (13%), hlyA 18 (12%), afa 15 (10%), cdtB 11 (7%), papGI 6 (4%), papGIII 6 (4%), kpsMTIII 4 (3%) and bmaE2 (1%). Conclusion Conclusively, this study provides important insights into the genetic and virulence attributes of pandemic MDR ST131 strains involved in UTIs. It also highlights high prevalence of ST131-O25b-H30 UPEC isolates in local population, which was previously unreported from this part of globe.
Transcriptome changes reveal the genetic mechanisms of the reproductive plasticity of workers in lower termites
Authors: Ye Chenxu , Rasheed Humaira , Ran Yuehua , Yang Xiaojuan , Xing Lianxi , Su Xiaohong
Published: June 2019

Background: The reproductive plasticity of termite workers provides colonies with tremendous flexibility to respond to environmental changes, which is the basis for evolutionary and ecological success. Although it is known that all colony members share the same genetic background and that differences in castes are caused by differences in gene expression, the pattern of the specific expression of genes involved in the differentiation of workers into reproductives remains unclear. In this study, the transition of the female workers into neotenic reproductives (NRs) was induced by a groups of isolated workers (IWs) of Reticulitermes labralis, and then comparative transcriptomes were used for the first time to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the reproductive plasticity of workers.
Results: We identified 38,070 differentially expressed genes and found profile 5 to be the pattern of gene expression involved in the differentiation of the workers into reproductives. 12,543 genes were specifically upregulated in the IWs. Twenty-five signal transduction pathways classified into environmental information processing were related to the differentiation of workers into NRs. Ras functions as a signalling switch regulated the reproductive plasticity of workers.The catalase gene which is related to longevity was up-regulated in NRs.
Conclusion: We demonstrate that workers leaving the natal colony can induce the expression of stage-specific genes in the workers, which leads to the differentiation of workers into queens and suggests that the signal transduction along the Ras-MAPK pathway crucially controls the reproductive plasticity of the workers. This study also provides an important model for revealing the molecular mechanism of longevity changes.
Sistema diacrítico e transcendência em Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Camargo Jeovane
Published: June 2019

A investigação do sentido diacrítico da linguagem leva a seentender a estrutura perceptiva como um arranjo opositivo não maisdependente exclusivamente das possibilidades do corpo. Esse ajuste

teórico da segunda fase do pensamento de Merleau-Ponty visa a su-perar os problemas da primeira fase. O percebido e a fala significam

agora por meio do arranjo de seus termos, não remetendo seu poderexpressivo a algum tipo de positividade ou “interioridade”.
CARTOGRAFÍAS SOCIALES ENTRE TÉCNICAS DE GEOPROCESAMIENTO Y PRÁCTICAS ETNOGRÁFICAS: REFLEXIONES DESDE LA EXPERIENCIA CARTOGRÁFICA EM LA COMUNIDAD INDÍGENA COSTA RICA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Gomez Henao Tatiana Andrea , Escobar Martínez John Fernando , Zapata Trejos Esteban , Da Silva Whodson Robson
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo generar una discusión entre las producciones cartográficas empíricas que abstraen las realidades de las comunidades y las herramientas tecnológicas para la producción de mapas técnicos como los SIG; y como estos últimos, pueden servir para complementar esas narrativas e imaginarios colectivos sobre los territorios y transformarse en instrumentos políticos que evidencian relaciones de poder y problemáticas sociales y ambientales. Para ello, utilizamos como experiencia empírica las cartografías sociales construidas en la comunidad indígena Costa Rica (Colombia) que nos permite discutir sobre los poderes de las informaciones de los mapas y de las cartografías. Es así, como en el presente artículo queremos presentar los avances de conciliación entre las técnicas de geoprocesamiento y las prácticas etnográficas; para tal efecto el artículo se ha dividido en cuatro secciones comenzando por la valorización de la cartografía hacia los sistemas de soporte a la toma de decisiones espaciales, llegando a una consideración de la cartografía social desde la mirada de los poderes de la información y de allí presentando la experiencia práctica realizada con la comunidad de Costa Rica en el municipio de Riosucio, departamento de Caldas en Colombia. Posterior a la presentación de los productos desarrollados con la comunidad, se realiza una breve discusión sobre las posibilidades etnográficas de la cartografía social dejando inquietudes abiertas acerca de futuros técnicos y metodológicos que pueden ser construidos colectivamente
Synthesis and Characterization of ROSA Dye - A Rhodamine B-type Fluorophore, Suitable for Bioconjugation and Fluorescence Studies in Live Cells
Authors: Rubio Vicente , Iragavarapu Vijaya , Stawikowski Maciej J.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Herein we report the multigram-scale synthesis, characterization and
application of a rhodamine B-based fluorophore (ROSA) suitable for fluorescent studies in
biological applications. This fluorophore is devoid of rhodamine spirolactone formation and
furthermore characterized by a high molar extinction coefficient (ϵ=87250 ± 1630 M-1cm-1) and
quantum yield (φ) of 0.589 ± 0.070 in water. Reported here is also the application of ROSA
towards synthesis of a ROSA-PEG-GRGDS-NH2 fluorescent probe suitable for live cell imaging of
αvβ3 integrins for in vitro assays.

Objective:

The main objective of this study is to efficiently prepare rhodamine B derivative,
devoid of spirolactone formation that would be suitable for bioconjugation and subsequent
bioimaging.

Methods:

Rhodamine B was transformed into rhodamine B succinimide ester (RhoB-OSu) using
N-hydroxysuccinimide. RhoB-OSu was further coupled to sarcosine to obtain rhodamine Bsarcosine
dye (ROSA) in good yield. The ROSA dye was then coupled to a αvβ3 integrin binding
sequence using standard solid-phase conditions. Resulting ROSA-PEG-GRGDS-NH2 probe was
used to image integrins on cancer cells.

Results:

The rhodamine B-sarcosine dye (ROSA) was obtained in multigram scale in good total
yield of 47%. Unlike rhodamine B, the ROSA dye does not undergo pH-dependent
spirolactone/spirolactam formation as compared with rhodamine B-glycine. It is also characterized
by excellent quantum yield (φ) of 0.589 ± 0.070 in water and high molar extinction coefficient of
87250 ± 1630 M-1cm-1. ROSA coupling to the RGD-like peptide was proved to be efficient and
straightforward. Imaging using standard filters on multimode plate reader and confocal microscope
was performed. The αvβ3 integrins present on the surface of live WM-266-4 (melanoma) and MCF-
7 (breast cancer) cells were successfully imaged.

Conclusion:

We successfully derivatized rhodamine B to create an inexpensive, stable and
convenient to use fluorescent probe. The obtained derivative has excellent photochemical properties
and it is suitable for bioconjugation and many imaging applications.
Advancement of Mechanisms of Coxsackie Virus B3-Induced Myocarditis Pathogenesis and the Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Daba Tolessa Muleta , Zhao Yue , Pan Zhenwei
Published: June 2019

Viral myocarditis is a cardiac disease caused by Group B Coxsackie virus of Enterovirus genus in the Picorna viridae family. It causes heart failure in children, young and adults. Ten Percent (10%) of acute heart failure and 12% of sudden deaths in young and adults who are less than 40 years is due to this viral myocarditis. If treatment action is not taken earlier, the viral disease can develop into chronic myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy which lead to congestive heart failure. And these eventually result in a reduced cardiac function which finally brings the victim to death. The only treatment option of the disease is heart transplantation once the acute stage of disease develops to chronic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Currently, there is a limitation in daily clinical treatments and even some available treatment options are ineffective. Therefore, focusing on search for treatment options through investigation is imperative. Recent studies have reported that biological molecules show a promising role. But their mechanism of pathogenesis is still unclear. A detailed study on identifying the role of biological molecules involved in Coxsackie B3 virus induced myocarditis and their mechanisms of pathogenesis; compiling and disseminating the findings of the investigation to the scientific communities contribute one step forward to the solution. Therefore, this review is aimed at compiling information from findings of current studies on the potential therapeutic role of micro RNA, cytokines and chemokines on the mechanism of pathogenesis of Coxsackie virus B3- induced myocarditis to give brief information for scholars to conduct a detailed study in the area.
Significance of Asymptomatic Persistent Epstein-Barr Viral Load in
Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients: North American Pediatric Renal
Trials and Collaborative Studies Report
Authors: Moudgil Asha , Martz Karen , Moore Therese , Harmon William E. , Dharnidharka Vikas R.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Many pediatric transplant (TX) centers routinely monitor Epstein-Barr (EB) viral load (VL) by
real time quantitative PCR and intervene to prevent post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Some children
develop asymptomatic persistent VL (PVL). Outcome of different interventions in preventing PTLD and other undesired
effects on acute rejection (AR), graft failure (GF) and function amongst children with asymptomatic PVL is not known.

Methods:

NAPRTCS centers invited to enter data on children with asymptomatic PVL (≥ 6 months) into the EB VL
registry. Comparison group included children into the NAPRTCS TX arm during the same period without PVL or VL
monitoring. EB VL were arbitrarily divided into low (1-10), medium (>10-100) and high (>100times detection limit for
the center) ratio.

Results:

Of 645 children (18 centers), 85 (13.2%) developed onset of PVL at a mean of 6.4 ± 6.3 months post-TX. PVL
children were more likely to be younger (< 5 years) at TX and less likely to be African-American and majority (75.3%)
was mismatched for EBV (donor EBV IgG positive and recipient negative). Thymoglobulin induction was used in 29.4%
children with PVL versus 37% in controls (p=ns). PTLD developed in 7/85 (8.2%) children with PVL versus 5/560
(0.9%) controls (p < 0.0001). EB VL ratios were not different in those with and without PTLD. EB PVL as time varying
covariate did not affect patient survival, GF and AR (HR, 0.85, 0.53 and 0.99). The change in GFR overtime in children
with PVL was comparable to controls.

Conclusion:

Children with PVL (actual load not predictive) are at increased risk for PTLD, but not for AR, death, GF or
loss of graft function.
Efficacy of Extended Valganciclovir Prophylaxis in Preventing Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Faris Hashim , Jon A. Gregg , Vikas R. Dharnidharka
Published: June 2019

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most frequent opportunistic infection in renal transplant (RTx)
recipients. Valganciclovir (VGC) has been showed to be safe and highly effective in prophylaxis of CMV infection in
RTx recipients. Recently, an increase in delayed onset CMV disease has been noted with some arguing that longer
prophylaxis may decrease the late-onset disease.

We retrospectively tested the hypothesis that extended term prophylaxis (ETP) of VGC for 12 months is more effective
than short term prophylaxis (STP) of 6 months in preventing CMV infection and disease in pediatric RTx performed at the
University of Florida from July 2003 to December 2010. In this period, all recipients underwent prospective CMV PCR
(Polymerase Chain Reaction) monitoring and were maintained on similar immunosuppression.

Eighty six patients received RTx during that period. All eligible subjects had to have at least 12 months of graft survival and
18 months of follow up, leaving 73 eligible subjects in final study group. CMV infection or disease occurred in 6/29 (20%) in
the STP group vs 6/44 (14%) in the ETP group with no statistical significant difference (P= 0.42). Donor positive/recipients
negative CMV serology status (D+/R-) were associated with a higher risk of CMV infection in both univariate and
multivariate analysis (P=0.01). Anemia and Leucopenia directly associated with VGC were similar in both groups (P=0.58
and P=0.2 respectively). Biopsy-proven acute rejection was also non-significant in both groups (P=0.39).

Although ETP for CMV from 6 months to 12 months is safe and has minimal adverse effect, it did not reduce CMV
infection or disease. Further controlled studies in pediatrics age group are considered to compare longer versus shorter
periods of prophylaxis and their impact on prevention of CMV infection, resistance, cost, and toxicity.
Obstetrical Considerations and Management of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Gibbins Karen J , Silver Robert M
Published: June 2019

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a pro-thrombotic, pro-inflammatory condition defined by at least one clinical criterion and one laboratory finding. Clinical criteria are met by history of thrombosis or obstetric morbidity, including recurrent early pregnancy loss, fetal death, or delivery prior to 34 weeks gestation due to pre-eclampsia or placental insufficiency. Laboratory criteria are evidence of lupus anticoagulant or high titers of anticardiolipin or anti-β2-glycoprotein-I IgG or IgM. Treatment during pregnancy is primarily based on anticoagulant therapy, either at prophylactic or therapeutic doses depending on thrombosis history. This treatment certainly reduces thrombosis risk and may also improve obstetric outcome.
Genus Calotropis: A Hub of Medicinally Active Phytoconstituents
Authors: Pathania Shelly , Bansal Parveen , Gupta Prasoon , Rawal Ravindra K.
Published: June 2019

Traditional medicines derived from plant and other natural sources have several advantages over synthetic drugs when used for the management of pathological conditions. Natural product based therapies are safer than synthetic drugs-based chemotherapies. One of such sources of bioactive molecules includes C. procera and C. gigantea, flowering herbal plants, belonging to the genus Calotropis, family Apocynaceae, which, due to their diverse pharmacological profile, have been widely employed in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and other traditional systems for the treatment of various diseases. The various parts of this plant are rich in phytoconstituents such as cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenolic compounds, proteins etc. Due to the presence of multiple constituents, this plant possess diverse biological activities such as analgesic, antitumor, antihelmintic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiarrhoeal, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, oestrogenic, antinociceptive, antimalarial activity etc. The present review provides comprehensive information about various phytochemical constituents of the plant along with their medicinal importance.
Магнитные термопары на основе пермаллоев Co-Fe и Ni-Fe
Authors: Панахов Т.М. , Исаева А.А. , Рафиев Н.М. , Гусейнов А.Г.
Published: June 2019

Co-Fe and Ni-Fe alloys obtained in a two-roll casting installation in the form of a flexible thin film with an amorphous structure in ordinary and magnetized states are suitable materials for the manufacture of magnetic thermocouples. The thin-film shape of the thermocouple branches in an alternating magnetic field minimizes errors in temperature measurements caused by heating due to induction currents.
Аномальное поведение боковой C-V-характеристики МНОП-транзистора со встроенным локальным зарядом в нитридном слое
Authors: Атамуратова З.А. , Юсупов А. , Халикбердиев Б.О. , Атамуратов А.Э.
Published: June 2019

C-V dependence of lateral source-base transition of metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor with localized nitride trapped charge is simulated. Localizing the charge induce anomalous jumping or recession of the capacitance at defined applied voltage. The change of capacitance is connected with redistribution of carriers at semiconductor surface induced by charge trapping. The anomalous behaviour of the capacitance can be used at detecting the localized charge trapped in the dielectric layer of field effect transistors.
Влияние адсорбированных молекул СО на электронное состояние нанопленок иттербия, выращиваемых на кремниевых подложках
Authors: Кузьмин М.В. , Митцев М.А.
Published: June 2019

Adsorption of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules on ytterbium nanofilms with the thickness of 16 – 200 monolayers (6.1 – 76 nm) has been studied. The films are grown on single-crystal silicon substrates with the (111) surface orientation. It is shown that before the adsorption of CO molecules, ytterbium is divalent with the electronic configuration of [Xe]4f146s2. Upon the adsorption of gas molecules, a layer of trivalent ytterbium (the electronic configuration is [Xe]4f135d16s2), which is adjacent to the film surface, is formed. Evaluations of the thickness of the layer modified by adsorbed CO molecules are performed. Such evaluations have given rise to the values within 9 – 22 monolayers (3.4 – 8.4 nm).
Рентгеновские лазеры в потоках кластеров и в наноструктурированных мишенях
Authors: Иванова Е.П.
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe paper presents a brief review of recent works concerning the modeling of X-ray lasers in cluster flows and in nanostructured targets. Calculations of the atomic characteristics are based on relativistic perturbation theory with a model potential of zero approximation. Two new results are discussed: (1) it is shown that a subpicosecond X-ray laser with λ = 41.8 nm formed in a xenon cluster flow can serve as an alternative to a free-electron laser and (2) in heavy Ni-like ions ( Z ≥ 60), the ionization of ions and recombination of electrons are balanced at electronic temperatures ≥1500 eV; thus, the state of a Ni-like ion is quasi-steady-state. The inversions of many transition levels of an X-ray laser are also quasi-steady-state. The possibility of experimental observation of X-ray lasers based on 3 p ^54 d ^104 p [ J = 0] – 3 p ^63 d ^94 p [ J = 1] intrashell transitions in Gd^36+ with wavelengths in the water window region is discussed.
Characterizing laser-induced plasma generated from MgO/PVA solid targets-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Hamad T.K. , Jasim A.S. , Salloom H.T.
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis contribution reports on the characterization of laser-induced plasma generated from the surface of magnesium oxide dispersed in Poly (vinyl alcohol) (MgO/PVA) pellet using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. For this purpose, Nd:YAG Q-switched pulsed laser with energy ranging from 50 to 250 mJ, operating at both fundamental (1064 nm) and second harmonic (532 nm) was focused on the sample to generate plasma. Based on experimental results, emission lines of magnesium have been used to calculate the plasma parameters. The plasma electron temperature as a function of laser energy ranged from (8596–8900) K and (8000-8700) K, and the electron density from (1.12–1.8) × 10^16 cm^–3, (2.9–4.5) × 10^16 cm^–3 measured at 1064 nm and 532 nm, respectively. Although these values increased with the increase in laser irradiance, they showed different rates of increase with different wavelength dependency.