bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dialogical inclusion in the management competencies: An innovative approach in the training of civil engineers
Authors: León Tellez Hugo Alberto
Published: December 2023

This article focuses on exposing the need to strengthen the training of civil engineers in Colombia, traditionally focused on technical skills, through dialogical inclusion, in order to address current challenges in management competencies. A problem arises related to the lack of management skills and communication competencies, which limits their ability to deal with the increasing complexity of projects and interaction with various stakeholders. The main objective of the study was to explore the impact of dialogical inclusion on the management competencies of engineering students. Methodologically, the study was based on a qualitative approach and adopted a documentary research design where relevant literature on dialogical inclusion and its meaning in training was collected. The analysis period covers the present. The population of interest was civil engineering students in Colombia. The results indicate that dialogical inclusion plays a crucial role in the development of management skills and communicative competence.
Reflection of Water Literacy in the Environmental Education and Climate Change Course Teaching Program
Authors: Demir Fatıma Betül , Ulukaya Öteleş Ülkü
Published: December 2023

In this research, in the Environmental Education and Climate Change Course (6th, 7th or 8th grades) Curriculum; What specific goals, skills, achievements, topics/concepts related to water literacy are included and their place in the program are investigated. Document review, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The research was based on the Environmental Education and Climate Change Curriculum revised in 2022. The document examined in the context of the research was analyzed with descriptive analysis. As a result of the research, water literacy is indirectly included in the special purpose dimension of the Environmental Education and Climate Change Course Curriculum; directly in the skill dimension; It has been determined that it is included directly and indirectly in the dimension of achievement and subject/concepts. It is seen that the achievements and topics/concepts that may be important for the reflection of water literacy in the curriculum are included in the "Environmental Problems" and "Sustainable Development and Environmentally Friendly Technologies" units. Within the scope of the results obtained, it can be said that the 2022 Environmental Education and Climate Change Course Curriculum includes content aimed at raising awareness and awareness about water literacy. The inclusion of water literacy in different teaching programs can be determined.
Beyond Standard Measures: Crafting an Inclusive Evaluation Tool for Special Education Teachers in Self-Contained Settings
Authors: Thompson Kareem , Lesh Jennifer
Published: December 2023

Self-contained special education teacher evaluations are investigated in this study. The perceptions of special education teachers and building administrators are explored and the suitability of standard teacher evaluation tools, such as the Marzano Teacher Evaluation System, for special education teachers in self-contained classrooms are discussed. This study highlights the significant gap in these tools’ relevance and efficacy due to the unique challenges and individualized instruction required in special education settings. The study utilizes a quantitative survey method to gather perceptions from teachers and administrators, revealing widespread dissatisfaction with current evaluation processes and a lack of alignment with special education needs. Results indicate a pressing need for tailored evaluation frameworks that accurately reflect the pedagogical realities of special education. The article advocates for reforming evaluation systems to foster professional growth and improve educational outcomes for students with disabilities, thus transforming the approach to educator accountability and development in specialized teaching environments.
Sensory Properties and Proximate Composition of Fish Soup from European Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Çağlak Emre , Karslı Barış , Delihasan Sonay Fatma , Öğretmen Özen Yusuf , Kara Ayşe , Kobya Orhan
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the proximate composition and sensory properties of fish soup prepared using European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus). According to the proximate composition analysis of fish soup, the crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, moisture, and carbohydrate values were found to be 5.04%, 6.22%, 1.46%, 82.05%, and 5.23%, respectively. In the sensory evaluation of fish soup, odor, oiliness, saltiness, bitterness, hardness, juiciness, aroma, appearance, overall acceptance, and purchase intent criteria were used. According to the sensory analysis results, it was seen that the panelists appreciated the anchovy soup. In the evaluation of overall acceptance, 46.66% of the panelists expressed “I liked it”, 46.66% expressed “I liked it very much”, and only 6.68% expressed “I liked it a little”. Based on the expressed purchase intentions, it was unanimously declared by all panelists that they were inclined to get the fish soup. Considering the sensory analysis results, it has been shown that the fish soup obtained using anchovy can also be used industrially. Thus, these products are thought to contribute to increasing fish consumption and healthier food consumption.
Women in the Gastronomy Arena: Gender-Based Experiences Encountered
Authors: Özçelik Bozkurt Handan , Arslan Emin , Kendir Hakan , Keskin Özgür
Published: December 2023

In this study, the difficulties experienced by female kitchen workers in their profession due to their gender were examined. In the research, which specifically questioned sexual harassment and glass ceiling syndrome in the workplace, a phenomenological approach was adopted and a qualitative research method was preferred. In this context, various questions examining the obstacles in question were asked to female employees employed in the kitchen departments of three different four- and five-star accommodation establishments operating in Kuşadası. The findings indicate that women are partially hindered due to their gender. In addition, three of the participants stated that they were harassed in various ways (verbal or sexual), and one of them stated that he witnessed it in some way, even though he was not harassed. In line with the results obtained from the interviews conducted with nine participants, various inferences were made and various suggestions were presented to sector representatives and senior managers.
Alabalık (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yetiştiriciliğinde Sabit Su Sıcaklığında Farklı Yemleme Yüzdelerinin İç Organ Yüzdesi ve Füme Verimliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Alp Ataç , Çaklı Şükran
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada iki farklı havuza başlangıç kilogramı aynı olan alabalıklar konularak bir grubu yemleme yüzdesi Skretting yem firmasının verdiği tabloya göre, diğer gruba doyuncaya kadar yemleme yapılmıştır. 120 gr başlangıç ağırlığı olan alabalıklar 8000’er adet olacak şekilde yerleştirilmiştir. Deneme 59 gün sürmüştür. Deneme tamamlandığında balıklar hasat edilip her iki gruptaki iç organ yüzdeleri karşılaştırılarak aradaki farklar tespit edilmiştir. Deneme sonucunda su sıcaklığına bağlı doğru yüzdeyle yemlemenin faydalı olacağı görülmüştür. Doğru yemlemenin artan üretim maliyetlerini aşağıya çekeceği tespit edilmiştir.
Exploring Serum Lipid Profile Changes in Patients During Laparoscopic Choecystectomy
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Krishna Institute Medical Sciences, KVV, Karad, Maharashtra, India., Chandra Vegita , Kshirsagar A Y ,   Department of General Surgery, Krishna Institute Medical Sciences, KVV, Karad, Maharashtra, India., Janugade Satyajeet ,   Department of General Surgery, Krishna Institute Medical Sciences, KVV, Karad, Maharashtra, India.
Published: December 2023

Background: For quite some time, cholecystectomy has been perceived as a safe surgical procedure, often with limited attention given to potential secondary effects. It's worth noting that the gallbladder plays a significant role as a regulatory component in coordination with vital metabolic pathways responsible for maintaining equilibrium in the body. When the gallbladder is removed, bile from the liver flows directly into the upper portion of the intestine. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the serum lipid profile of patients. Material and methods: A total of 60 patients diagnosed with gallstones were enrolled in this study. Preoperative blood samples were collected from all patients under sterile conditions, two hours prior to their scheduled surgery, to evaluate their lipid profile. Results: The preoperative mean Total Cholesterol (TC) levels were measured at 160.5 mg%, while postoperatively, they showed a slight decrease to 150.8 mg%. Similarly, the mean High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels before surgery were 42.1 mg%, and they decreased to 40.8 mg% after the procedure. In contrast, the mean Triglyceride (TG) levels saw an increase from 180.8 mg% preoperatively to 200.8 mg% postoperatively. Notably, the comparison of mean TC and TG levels before and after the surgery yielded significant results, indicating changes in these lipid parameters following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Conclusion: Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy experience noteworthy changes in their serum lipid profile.
MERANIE VPLYVU ZNALOSTÍ NA VÝKONNOSŤ A EFEKTIVITU ORGANIZÁCIE
Authors: Šimúth Jozef , Zacharová Andrea
Published: December 2023

Rýchlo sa meniace podmienky v podnikateľskom prostredí nútia organizácie k neustálym inováciám. Informácie a znalosti sa v rámci organizácie stávajú rozhodujúcimi faktormi ovplyvňujúcimi výkonnosť organizácie. Organizácie preto potrebujú poznať najvhodnejší spôsob merania znalosti, ktoré ich zamestnanci majú ako aj vplyv týchto znalostí na výkonnosť organizácie. V prvej časti tejto prehľadovej štúdie definujeme znalosti a vysvetlíme psychologické procesy v získavaní, uchovávaní a vyhľadávaní vedomostí. Popisujeme tacitné a explicitné znalosti a metódy ich merania. Popisujeme najčastejšie používané metódy, ktoré sú vhodné na meranie výkonnosti organizácie na finančnom a nefinančnom základe. Následne vysvetľujeme prístup k meraniu vedomostí na princípe včelieho úľa. Tento prístup môže byť užitočný pri poukázaní na kľúčové aspekty merania znalostí zamestnancov a ich vplyvu na výkon celej organizácie a popisujeme potencionálne najdôležitejšie predpoklady, oblasti a prístupy k meraniu znalostí vychádzajúci z jednotlivých popísaných metód.
SANKCIONOVÁNÍ MLADISTVÝCH PACHATELŮ – 20 LET ÚČINNOSTI ZSM
Authors: Coufalová Bronislava
Published: December 2023

Zákon č. 218/2003 Sb., o odpovědnosti mládeže za protiprávní činy a o soudnictví ve věcech mládeže a o změně některých zákonů  vstoupil dne 1. 1. 2023 již do dvacátého roku své účinnosti. Jak se doposud ukazuje, tak zásadní problém v otázce sankcionování mladistvých netkví v  nedostatcích právní úpravy jako takové, ale v jejím využívání ze strany české aplikační praxe. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je navázat na monografii autorů Ščerby a Coufalové z roku 2016 a zjistit, zda rozhodnutí českých soudů pro mládež v otázce sankcionování mladistvých pachatelů zaznamenala od roku 2015 nějaký výraznější posun ve smyslu přiklonění se k aplikaci ustanovení § 3 odst. 2 ZSM, které stanoví, že trestní opatření lze použít pouze tehdy, jestliže zvláštní způsoby řízení a opatření, zejména obnovující narušené sociální vztahy a přispívající k předcházení protiprávním činům, by zřejmě nevedly k dosažení účelu tohoto zákona.
Thyroidectomy under local anaesthesia at a medical mission in a poor rural community: A safe alternative in selected patients
Authors: Etuk EB  , Amanari OC  , Edubio MN
Published: December 2023

Background: Surgical missions have become regular in rural sub Saharan Africa, and these have helped to cater for surgical needs in these areas. Major surgeries are often performed in these areas amidst poor facilities for evaluation and treatment. Careful patient selection for thyroidectomy under local anaesthesia results in good surgical outcomes, and these can be replicated successfully with great care in these rural settings.Methodology: A descriptive study of thyroidectomies done under local anaesthesia in select patients during a 2-week medical mission by Pro-Health International in Weala, Liberia. Twelve patients presented with goitres, with ages ranging from 28 to 80 yrs. Inclusion criteria for selecting patients for surgery were those undergoing first time neck surgery, small or moderate sized goiters without toxic or malignant features, sleeping pulse of less than 80 and American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) I and II.Results: Only 3 patients out of the 12 patients met the criteria. They all had subtotal thyroidectomy done successfully under local anaesthesia. One patient with moderate goitre received whole blood transfusion for primary haemorrhage. The postoperative period was uneventful.Conclusion: With proper selection, thyroidectomy under local anaesthesia can be useful and effective in a poor healthcare facility.
Road safety practices among private motorists in state secretariat, Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Johnson OE  , Bassey BA
Published: December 2023

Context: Road safety measures have been reported to effectively prevent or reduce the impact of road traffic injuries.Objectives: This study assessed private motorists’ knowledge and practice of road safety measures in Uyo, Nigeria.Methodology: This was a descriptive cross – sectional study. Data was collected using self administered semi- structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Frequencies and associations were generated. Level of significance was set at 5%.Result: A total of 388 respondents participated in the study. The mean age of respondents was 37.67±8.27 years with male to female ratio of 1.75:1. Majority, 83.2% had tertiary education. Only 179 (46.1%) learnt how to drive in driving schools. The prevalence of road traffic injuries was 22.7%. Majority, 342 (88.1%) possessed driving licenses, out of which only 168 (49.1%) underwent driving tests. Level of knowledge of road signs ranged from 6.2% for “no stopping” to 67% for “no parking”. Lifetime consumption of alcohol was 55.7%. Eighty two (21.1%) of the respondents sometimes or never used seatbelts. The most common reason given by 65.9% was discomfort. Use of seat belt by back passengers was 15.7%. The average speed on highway was 106.9 ± 24.2 km/hour. Awareness of existence of speed limit in Nigeria was 63.7% and 156 (40.2%) admitted to making or receiving calls while driving. There was a statistically significant association between making or receiving calls and occurrence of road traffic injuries.Conclusion: Awareness campaigns to improve knowledge of highway codes and other traffic regulations are advocated for this study population and other private motorists in the study area.
comparative study of multiparous and grand multiparous women in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Attah RA  , Muhammed Z  , Abubakar S
Published: December 2023

Background: Traditionally, grandmultiparity has been considered to be an obstetric risk to both the mother and the fetus. Cases of grandmultiparity are common in the developing countries, where compounding factors such as low socioeconomic levels, female illiteracy, social deprivation and lack of access to modern family planning services are common.

Objectives: This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of grandmultiparous(GMP) women and  multiparous(MP) women, the complications they may have during labour and delivery.

Study Design: A 5-year retrospective study from 1st September, 2007 to 31st August, 2012 in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. All the grandmultiparous and multiparous women were included. The unbooked patient and patients who booked but did not deliver in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital were excluded from the study.  Their records were collected from the labour ward and Patients' case files were retrieved, studied and recorded in a proforma. Data analysis was done using   Epi info version 3.5 statistical software (CDC Atlanta,Georgia,USA)   and proportions were compared using the Chi square test where applicable with level of significance considered at a P-value of <0.05.

Results: During the study period, a total of 19,456 parturient were delivered in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, out of which 3364 (17.3%) were grandmultiparous, 9038 (46.4%) were multiparous and 7054(36.3%) were primiparous. There were more labour and neonatal complications with GMP than MP with statistically significant difference P<0.05. Most of the maternal and neonatal deaths occurred among the GMP with statistically significant difference P < 0.05.  

Conclusion: Grandmultiparity poses a great challenge in our obstetric practice, with its attendant high maternal and perinatal complications. Concerted efforts should be directed toward reducing high parity in the community through effective family planning initiatives, improved antenatal care attendance and provision of skilled birth attendants.
Administration of banana green peel ethanolic extract to carbontetrachloride-induced albino wistar rats offers slight hepato-protection
Authors: Edagha IA  , Ekpo AJ  , Effiong HD
Published: December 2023

Effect of banana green peels ethanolic extract on the liver function and histology of albino Wistar rats treated with intraperitoneal administration of 4 ml/kg body weight of Carbontetrachloride (CCl4) was investigated. 30 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 each as follows: Group 1 (normal control) and 2 (CCl4 group) received normal feed and 4 ml/kg body weight CCl4 plus olive oil respectively; Group 2 were CCl4-induced on day 21; Group 3 received 1 ml/kg body weight tween 80 plus olive oil; Group 4, 5 and 6 were also CCl4-induced at 4 ml/kg body weight, and then administered 500mg/kg body weight of green banana peels, 1000 mg/kg body weight of green banana peels, and 100 mg of Vitamin C respectively. Animals were sacrificed after 21 days of treatment. Serum samples and liver organs were collected for liver function profile, and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histological analyses. Result showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in levels of albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (except alanine transaminase (ALT) that was significantly (p<0.05) increased when compared with positive control group). The histology of extract treated groups 4 and 5 showed prominent derangement of hepatocytes but was less severe when compared to CCl4-induced group. Hepatotoxic effect of CCl4 on the liver was positively modulated in the Vitamin C treated Group 6. In conclusion, the ethanolic green banana peels extract possess very mild hepato-protective effect on the histomorphology and altered liver function enzymes.
Socio-demographic factors influencing contraceptive practice among married women attending the family planning clinic of UUTH, Uyo, south-south Nigeria
Authors: Iyanam VE  , Udonwa NE  , Udoh SB
Published: December 2023

Background:Contraception is a topical issue globally considering its enormous benefits to individual users, families, communities, nations and the world at large. Its practice, especially among married women, is influenced by several factors at different settings. This study was done to find out the socio-demographic factors influencing the practice of contraception among married women age 15-49 years attending the family planning clinic of the University of Uyo Teaching hospital, Uyo, South-South  Nigeria and to identify sources of information on contraception among the married women.Method: This was a cross sectional descriptive study involving 165 married women aged 15-49 years who attended the family planning clinic of UUTH, Uyo, between May and September 2013, recruited through simple random sampling technique. A semi-structured  interviewer  administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic factors and  sources of information on contraception among the  respondents. The data obtained were analysed using statistical package for social  sciences (SPSS), version 17.0.Results: The mean age of the subjects were 32.22(±5.56). Results obtained  showed that higher contraceptive use  was found among older women,  higher educational level, higher employment status, higher income level, husbands higher educational and employment status, urban residence, lower parity,  Christian faith and  mixed sexes of the respondents children. However, only parity (P=0.001) and Christian religious grouping (P=0.000) had statistically significant influence on contraceptive practices among the married women. Most respondents (76.9%) obtained their contraceptive information from health care wokers while IUCD was the most preferred method of contraception (38.2%).Conclusion: Contraceptive use among married women in the study is mainly influenced by their high social status. There is need therefore to step up information propagation to women across all social classes if the benefits of contraceptive use are to be achieved in the society.
Accuracy of trans-thoracic echocardiography as a pericardial diseases diagnostic tool
Authors: Ekpe EE  , Anyanwu CH
Published: December 2023

SummaryA prospective comparison of pre-operative trans-thoracic echocardiographic findings with intra-operative findings of 17 patients operated on for pericardial diseases showed excellent correlation for pericardial calcification and adhesion, and for myo-cardial atrophy, and good correlation for pericardial thickening, constriction and effusion respectively. This excellent correlation identified high-risk cases that should have heart-lung machine kept on the stand-by during operation of peri-cardiectomy in event of iatrogenic cardiac chamber laceration.

KeywordsPre-operative transthoracic echocardiography, pericarditis, correlation.
Angular knee deformities in children - A review
Authors: Nottidge TE
Published: December 2023

IntroductionAngular knee deformities are a common sight when one watches a large group of playing children. This ‘picture’ illustrates what is probably the most important issue, which is that the parents often are more disturbed about the deformity than the kids and usually these deformities resolve with time i.e. by far the commonest deformity is the physiologic type.The physician treating these patients should remember to reassure the parents and carry them along. Their greatest fears are usually that their child will need surgery and that a required procedure is delayed. These paradoxical fears make these parents ready victims in any environment, of charlatans and traditional bone setters. Luckily, most cases resolve without direct intervention.
Gestational age at first antenatal visit in Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Umoh AV  , Umoiyoho AJ  , Abasiattai AM  , Bassey EA  , James SR
Published: December 2023

Context: Antenatal care is a very important component of obstetric care and early booking for it offers a lot of advantages. This study aims to determine the gestational age at first antenatal care visits in our environment.Materials and method: This is a cross-sectional study of women presenting for antenatal care at University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo Nigeria.Results: During the period under review, five hundred and twenty six (526) pregnant women were seen. The mean age was 27.29 ± 5.26 years while the mean parity was 1.56 ± 1.68. The mean gestational age at booking was 23.92 ± 7.17 weeks with a range of 4  39 weeks. There was a significant association between the gestational age at booking and parity as the gestational age at booking tended to increase with increasing parity (p<0.05). The level of education, religion and age however, appeared to have no significant effect on the gestational age at booking (p>0.05).Conclusion: Many of our women still book late for antenatal care. There is need to intensify public enlightenment as well as health education on the importance of early antenatal booking in order to reverse this trend.
Distal renal tubular acidosis a rarely diagnosed cause of failure to thrive: A report of three cases
Authors: Adeleke SI  , Asani MO
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYThree cases of distal renal tubular acidosis aged between 6 - 12weeks are described. The presenting features included lethargy, refusal to feed, marked periodic respiration, vomiting and recurrent episode of unexplained metabolic acidosis. A constant feature was failure to thrive despite caloric intake in excess of normal requirements. The diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis was based on a urine PH>5.5 in freshly voided urine despite the presence of metabolic acidosis. All the babies responded promptly to sodium bicarbonate supplement. An increased suspicion of distal tabular acidosis in the evaluation of children in early infancy for failure to thrive is therefore advised.
Prevention of sickle cell disease by prenatal diagnosis – opinion of female health workers in osogbo, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Adekanle DA  , Adeyemi AS
Published: December 2023

Background: Sickle cell disease has remained one of the commonest genetic haematological disorders which could be successfully managed by prenatal diagnosis if adequately utilized. Since female health workers would most likely witness the various complications associated with this condition and being women that are directly involved in child birth and caring, there is thus a need to assess the influence of their exposure on the willingness to accept this preventive measure.Methodology: Structured questionnaires were administered to female health workers of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.Result: One hundred and seventy six respondents were obtained. A significant proportion of the respondents, 83(47.2%), did not accept termination of pregnancy in first trimester after confirmation by prenatal diagnosis, 38(21.6%) were undecided while only 53(31.3%) agreed . Only 21 (11.9%) of the respondents knew that facilities for prenatal diagnosis are available in Nigeria.Conclusion: Despite the fact that these female health workers are aware of inherent dangers of sickle cell disease, there is strong opposition to use of prenatal diagnosis in preventive measure, thus aggressive genetic counseling remains the only realistic option.
Integration of leprosy control with primary health care: The Nigerian perspective
Authors: Udoh NB  , Umo AN  , Ikorok MM
Published: December 2023

SummaryArguments have been advanced that with declining prevalence and shortened duration of treatment, leprosy could, and should be integrated into the primary health care system. This paper examines the feasibility of such integration from the Nigerian perspective. Emphasis is placed on retraining and re-orientation of existing staff in the primary health care department and the use of locally available and acceptable technology especially in the area of supply of equipment. The need for continuous supply of drugs is also stressed.
comparative study of two surgical management methods for cervical incompetence at University College Hospital, Ibadan
Authors: Oladokun A  , Adesina OA  , Odukogbe AA  , Morhason-Bello IO  , Adewole IF
Published: December 2023

BackgroundIncompetence of the internal uterine cervical os is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Different surgical techniques are in practice to correct the defect. Objective: The objective of this study therefore was to review the outcome of pregnancies following cervical using either of the two procedure among patients diagnosed as having incompetence of the cervix.

MethodsA comparative study of 2 standard methods of cerclage used in our hospital, McDonald & Shirodkar, in a group of 80 patients was done. All the patients had cervical cerclage insertion done between the 14th & 16th weeks of gestation using either of the two methods.

ResultsThere was no significant morbidity with either of the 2 methods. The overall success rates, as measured by continuation of the pregnancy to term, were smilar.

ConclusionBoth methods of cervical cerclage are equally effective in producing the desired outcome, but since the McDonald method is technically simpler to perform, it may be desirable to adopt this approach more frequently.
Enterocutaneous fistula: A review of literature
Authors: Udo IA  , Umoh MS
Published: December 2023

Enterocutaneous fistula carries a high morbidity and mortality; it is preventable with good surgical decision making. It is common with emergency abdominal procedures but could arise from trauma or spontaneously. Complicated hernias still cause this condition in tropical Africa.The management requires early recognition and control of ongoing metabolic and nutritional abnormalities. Enteral nutrition is adequate in distal fistulas. Surgery is not considered a priority in management; it is reserved for complex fistulas.
Subumbilical midline incision versus pfannenstiel incision for caesarean section
Authors: Orji  EO  , Olaleye OA
Published: December 2023

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the type of skin incision for Caesarean Section on the incision-delivery interval, and fetomaternal outcome.Methods: A quasi-experimental study with convenient sampling involving two groups of women who underwent primary lower segment transverse caesarean section. Standard surgical techniques were used in both groups except the technique of skin incision: subumbilical midline or Pfannenstiel.  A comparison of the two groups were made with regard to incision delivery interval, duration of surgery, day of oral intake,  day of ambulation, duration of hospital stay, wound infection and estimated blood loss.  Data was managed using SPSS software. Chi-Square test and Student t-test were used for analysis. P value was placed at P<0.05.Results: 200 women were studied (96 allocated to subumbilical midline and 104 to Pfannenstiel group).  There were no significant differences between both groups in terms of incision delivery interval and duration of surgery.  Those with Pfannenstiel incision were significantly associated with early oral intake, early ambulation, shorter duration of hospital stay  and reduced risk of wound infection (P=0.001).  Neonatal Apgar scores were better in Pfannenstiel group.Conclusion: Pfannenstiel skin incision  is associated with less morbidity and earlier recovery.
Knowledge of reproductive cycle and sexuality among infertile women in Nigeria
Authors: Adesiyun AG  , Ameh N  , Ozed-Williams A
Published: December 2023

The situation in Africa is a paradox, recording the highest percentage of fertility and infertility globally. Reproductive behaviour in Africa is fertility oriented, thereby resulting in a huge psychosocial burden beyond comprehension to the infertile women / couple. Sexual practice and knowledge of reproductive cycle are important factors in the attainment of conception. Outcome of this study revealed the importance of education and socioeconomic status on the acquisition of knowledge. Also, women empowerment and encouraging monogamous union will improve sexual right of women. Health education and counseling should be an integral part of infertility management.
fatal wrist incised wound: A case of homicide mimicking suicide
Authors: Umanah IN  , Akhiwu W  , Tanimowo MO  , Ochang A
Published: December 2023

Crime scene staging is uncommon in Africa. A 26 year old male was found dead on the outskirts of a market with cuts on both hands. There were no other sharp force injuries or features of blunt trauma. The autopsy revealed acute tubular necrosis of the kidneys indicative of ante mortem hemorrhage and prolonged survival of the victim. We report a case of homicide by wrist incision simulating suicide.Distinction between murder and suicide may be impossible by an examination of the body alone. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize that in every case with fatal sharp weapon injuries, differentiation between suicide and homicide is always required.
Lifestyle diseases: A review
Authors: Idung AU  , Umoh AV
Published: December 2023

As the developed world contends with high burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), developing countries and countries undergoing socioeconomic transition are experiencing a constellation of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.'Lifestyle diseases' or 'diseases of civilization' arising from decline in exercise and activity of daily living caused by availability of technology, safety fears and changes to our living environment and preference for westernized foods are a major contributor to the global upsurge in non-communicable diseases.It is estimated that of the projected 64 million deaths worldwide in 2015, 41 million (64%) will result from chronic or non-communicable diseases.While the world must continue to fight infectious or communicable diseases, it will be disastrous to ignore the NCDs.The reason is that NCDs are implicated in the aetiology of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke, type-2 diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis and certain neoplasms. These conditions not only lead to reduced quality of life given their protracted nature but also to premature death. In view of the above attention to lifestyle choices is imperative.
Adult traumatic femoral shaft fractures: A review of the literature
Authors: Dim EM  , Ugbeye ME  , Ugwoegbulem OA
Published: December 2023

Background: Fractures of the shaft of the femur are common. Injuries leading to femoral shaft fractures are equally common. The femur presents itself to these injuries more than any other bone in the body.Methods: A review of the literature on epidemiological data, mechanism of injury, fracture classification and methods of treatment for adult traumatic femoral shaft fractures was done based on journal articles and on information from standard text books.Results: The epidemiology, injury classifications and various treatment options are presented. The biology of fracture healing following various options of treatment is also presented. Femoral shaft fractures constitute over 50% of all femoral fractures and most of them occur in the middle third of the femur. The mean age of adults involved is about 35 years. More males than females are affected in a ratio that ranges from 1.5:1 to 2.5:1.The majority of femoral shaft fractures are caused by road traffic injuries. Operative fixation is the gold standard for the treatment of adult femoral shaft fractures. The adult femoral shaft fracture may take 12-24 weeks to unite.Conclusion: Most adult femoral shaft fractures are traumatic in origin. Operative reduction and fixation is practiced in most centres around the world, but few indications for non operative treatment are recognized.
Risk factors for cervical dysplasia in AMINU kano Teaching Hospital
Authors: Omole-ohonsi A
Published: December 2023

Background: Cancer of the cervix remains the commonest cancer of the female genital tract in developing countries. Ironically, it is preventable by a well established screening program. A study of the risk factors will be needed in order to determine the group of women among whom cervical cancer screening should be further emphasized.Objective: To determine the risk factors of dysplasia among a cohort of women in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria. Method: A cohort study of 550 women, who attended the gynaecological clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, between January 2008 and December, 2010.Results: The period incidence for abnormal pap smears in this study was 11.6%. Age ≥ 35years and parity ≥ 5, age at coitarche, first marriage and first childbirth ≤ 18 years, multiple marriages, divorcees, low educational and socioeconomic statuses, family history of cervical cancer, previous history of excessive vaginal discharge, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) /Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) did confer some risk of dysplasia, while women in first order marriage, single, widows, use of hormonal contraception, intermenstrual vaginal bleeding, cigarette smoking, history of genital warts did not.Conclusion: These groups of high risk women should be encouraged to have mandatory cervical cancer screening 3 years after coitarche.
Indications for and outcome of diabetic admissions at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo
Authors: Unadike B  , Essien I  , Akpan NA  , Peters EJ  , Ekott JU
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The morbidity and mortality pattern in persons with Diabetes mellitus(DM) is not well documented  in Uyo. This study therefore set out to determine the morbidity and mortality pattern amongst patients with Diabetes Mellitus at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo, Nigeria over four consecutive years (June 2004 to June 2008).

Methods:This study was a retrospective study. Data were obtained from the records in the medical wards registers. The records  included admission and discharge records as well as outcome of the individual cases. Data extracted included age, sex, indication for admission and outcome.

Results:A total of 407 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) were admitted during the period under review. Uncontrolled DM was the commonest indication for admission accounting for 253(62.2%) of the total admissions. Hyperglycaemic emergencies (diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglyceamic hyperosmolar state) accounted for 76(18.7%) of the total admissions.The overall mortality rate in the diabetic patients was 33(8.1%). Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state(HHS) was the commonest cause of death accounting for 8( 24.2%) of the total deaths recorded. The fatality rate for HHS was 8(30.3%) and for Diabetic ketoacidosis was 5( 10.2%,).

Conclusion:Diabetes mellitus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Uyo. Adequate diabetic education needs to be given to diabetic patients to enable them cope with their illness to prevent the poor outcome associated with the disease.
Contraceptive trends in a tertiary facility in north western Nigeria: A 10 year review
Authors: Zakari M  , Gobir M
Published: December 2023

Background: Of all the direct influences on fertility, contraceptive use is the single most important factor for reproductive health policy makers and program managers. Increase in its use, accounted for the largest proportion of fertility decline worldwide including the sub-Saharan region

Objective: To determine the trends of contraceptive use and the preferred method of contraception among the clients visiting the family planning clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano.

Study design: This is a retrospective descriptive study, involving all acceptors of contraceptive methods from January 1999 and December 2009 in the family planning unit of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, North western Nigeria.

Results The injectable contraceptives were used the most by the clients (6878) while the least number of the clients (208) used the implants. Female sterilization, however, contributed about 3%, to the contraceptive method, while male condom and implants each had the smallest contribution of about 2.5% and 1.9% respectively. No man had vasectomy over the 10-year period. Conclusion: There is an increase in the trend of contraceptive use over the study period. Injectable contraceptives are the most commonly used method in this study.
Learning mode preferences of obstetrics and gynaecology students of Imo State University, Owerri
Authors: Ezem BU  , Okeudo C
Published: December 2023

Background:Medical students are required to acquire a  lot of knowledge during their course. This information is delivered via many teaching modes.  It is desirable to determine which of these modes are most effective in transferring knowledge.Method:This was a questionnaire study of sixty one students doing their obstetrics and gynaecology rotation in Imo state University Teaching hospital Orlu.Results:Only 58 of the students returned the questionnaires. The mean age of the students was 27.4+/-2.43 and they had spent between eight and nine years. Clinics contributed most (26.8%) to the knowledge acquired by students. It was followed  by ward rounds and ,books 14.3% each, resident doctors 13%  and lectures 12.9%. Internet and theater sessions contributed very little. Although many deficiencies were identified 56 (96.6%)   of  the  students scored the posting at  least satisfactory.Conclusion:There is a need to place more emphasis on clinics  and ward rounds which are considered very effective by the students. The relatively ineffective lectures could be improved by making all medical teachers undergo teaching courses. Activities like theater sessions which consume a lot of time but impart very little knowledge  should be modified  while cheaper internet facilities should be provided.
Health workers' perception on the safety and security policy of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Etukumana EA  , Orie JB
Published: December 2023

Background: Health workers remain the panacea for hospital's performance in terms of service delivery and client satisfaction. However, the workers require quality environment for quality care to ensure client satisfaction .Thus, this study aims at determining the health workers' perception on the safety and security policy of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. Using structured questionnaire and convenient sampling technique, data were collected from 250 hospital workers. Data entry and analysis were performed using Epi Info 3.2.2 (CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA)Result: The minimum and maximum ages of the respondents were 21years and 60 years respectively. The mean, median and mode ages in the respondents were 34.6(±7.88) years, 33years, and 30 years respectively. Age group of 31-40 years had the highest frequency (30%). Majority of the study respondents were female (56.8%) while majority of the respondent (56%) had first degree as their educational level. Doctors (36%) formed majority of the respondents whereas Pharmacists (3.6%) accounted for the least. The respondents' perception on the policy that guarantees their safety and security at work was 37.2% (OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.24-0.51, P<0. 0001). Only 46% of the subjects accepted that the hospital has health, safety and security policy (OR 0.73, 95%CI 0.5-1.05 P=0.074). Thirty-six percentages (36%) accepted that the policy covers hazard related to their work (OR 0.32, 95%CI 0.22-0.46, P<0.0001). Majority of the Nurses, Pharmacists and non-clinical staff accepted that the hospital had health, safety and security policy. Only majority of the non-clinical staff accepted that the policy assured them of safety and security at work and also covered hazard related to their job.ConclusionThe perception of health workers on the safety and security policy of the tertiary hospital was poor. Thus, there is need for a close look on the safety and security policy of the tertiary hospitals in Nigeria.
hospital-based survey of small arms injuries in a community in Nigeria
Authors: Inyang UC  , Ofoegbu CKP
Published: December 2023

Background: Some reports on small arms from Nigeria have been published, most of which are retrospective studies.Objective: To present a 12 month prospective survey of small arms injuries with a view to adding to the body of knowledge on this subject.Methods: A prospective study and analysis of all patients admitted for gunshot injuries (GSI) at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo Nigeria between September 2010 and August 2011. Data collected include: age, sex, occupation, whether GSI was intentional or unintentional, type of gunshot, circumstances surrounding the injury, sites of injury (single or multiple) and the eventual outcome.Results: There were 64 patients in all, 61 males and three females (M: F=20:1).Peak age was 21-30 years, predominantly students by occupation (21, 32.8%), 53(82.8%) were intentional while 11 (17.2%) were unintentional. There were nine high velocity GSI while 55 (86%) were low velocity GSI. Armed robbers fired 30 victims (46.9%) while students' cultists fired eight (12.5%). The regions were single in 45 (70.3%) while 19 were multiple (29.7%). The lower extremities were involved 19 times, head and neck nine, upper extremities nine, chest four, abdomen and pelvis four where single site injuries occurred. There were seven deaths, three of whom had abdominal GSI, two in the extremities from exsanguination and one multiple regions GSI including the abdomen.Conclusion:  This study has highlighted the male and armed robbery factor in intentional gunshot injuries and these calls for strategies to ensure safer communities.
Prevalence of pain in hospitalized cancer patients in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Authors: Makama JG  , Khalid L  , Garba ES  , Mshelia DB
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Cancer has always been an important cause of pain in medical practice. In a specialized setting such as hospice, palliative care unit and hospital where such patients could receive adequate pain care, as many as 90.0% of cancer patients usually report pain relief. Therefore, the aim of this report is to determine the prevalence of pain in hospitalized cancer patients in our environmentMETHODS: This is a cross sectional study involving adult cancer patients, who were hospitalized in surgical wards of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, in the month of June, 2009.  Patients completed a structured questionnaire regarding the presence or absence of pain, its degree of severity, treatment protocol he/she was currently on. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 11.5.RESULTS: In the month of June, 2009, a total of 67cancer patients were admitted in both male and female surgical wards. There were 27 (40.3%) males and 40 (59.7%) females. Age range was 17-75years (44.9mean). Fifty eight (86.6%) of the cancer patients admitted having pain as at the time of the study while 9(13.4%) had no pain. Assessment of the form of analgesia commonly used for cancer patients, revealed that 25(37.3%) were on Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), 18(26.9%) were not on any form of analgesia, 17(25.4%) were on weak opioids while 7(10.4%) were on strong opioids.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pain in hospitalized cancer patients in our environment is high and NSAIDs are the analgesic agents that are commonly used in them. Analgesia should be dictated and proportional to the intensity of pain in these patients.
Frequency of four-rooted molars in 1,775 extracted upper molar teeth: A biological explanation of this challenging clinical anomaly
Authors: Madukwe IU
Published: December 2023

Background:  Tooth development starts after the rupture of the buccopharyngeal membrane, establishing communication with the primitive digestive tract.  Tooth development undergoes descriptive stages of initiation, bud, cap, bell and apposition.  Root formation begins after crown formation by the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath.Methodology:  The study material was the extracted 1,775 upper molar teeth.  Each tooth was examined for the occurrence of four roots, using the clinical index for upper molar; possession of three roots; an extra root is an anomaly.  The normal positions of the roots are two buccally and one palatal root.Result:  Out of a total of 1,775 upper molar teeth examined 8 (0.451%) were four-rooted.  This makes a frequency of 0.451%.Conclusion:  We conclude that endodontist should have a pre-knowledge of anatomic variation in root canals, especially an awareness and understanding of the possible presence of an additional root and unusual root canal morphology.  This is essential in determining the successful outcome of endodontic treatment.