bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative liver deformation and organ motion caused by ventilation, laparotomy, and pneumoperitoneum in a porcine model for image-guided liver surgery
Authors: Wise Philipp A. , Preukschas Anas A. , Özmen Emre , Bellemann Nadine , Norajitra Tobias , Sommer Christof M. , Stock Christian , Mehrabi Arianeb , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Kenngott Hannes G. , Nickel Felix
Published: December 2023

Background

Image-guidance promises to make complex situations in liver interventions safer. Clinical success is limited by intraoperative organ motion due to ventilation and surgical manipulation. The aim was to assess influence of different ventilatory and operative states on liver motion in an experimental model.

Methods

Liver motion due to ventilation (expiration, middle, and full inspiration) and operative state (native, laparotomy, and pneumoperitoneum) was assessed in a live porcine model (n = 10). Computed tomography (CT)-scans were taken for each pig for each possible combination of factors. Liver motion was measured by the vectors between predefined landmarks along the hepatic vein tree between CT scans after image segmentation.

Results

Liver position changed significantly with ventilation. Peripheral regions of the liver showed significantly higher motion (maximal Euclidean motion 17.9 ± 2.7 mm) than central regions (maximal Euclidean motion 12.6 ± 2.1 mm, p < 0.001) across all operative states. The total average motion measured 11.6 ± 0.7 mm (p < 0.001). Between the operative states, the position of the liver changed the most from native state to pneumoperitoneum (14.6 ± 0.9 mm, p < 0.001). From native state to laparotomy comparatively, the displacement averaged 9.8 ± 1.2 mm (p < 0.001). With pneumoperitoneum, the breath-dependent liver motion was significantly reduced when compared to other modalities. Liver motion due to ventilation was 7.7 ± 0.6 mm during pneumoperitoneum, 13.9 ± 1.1 mm with laparotomy, and 13.5 ± 1.4 mm in the native state (p < 0.001 in all cases).

Conclusions

Ventilation and application of pneumoperitoneum caused significant changes in liver position. Liver motion was reduced but clearly measurable during pneumoperitoneum. Intraoperative guidance/navigation systems should therefore account for ventilation and intraoperative changes of liver position and peripheral deformation.
An international Delphi consensus for surgical quality assessment of lymphadenectomy and anastomosis in minimally invasive total gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Cizmic Amila , Romic Ivan , Balla Andrea , Barabino Nicolò , Anania Gabriele , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Bakula Branko , Balagué Carmen , Berlth Felix , Bintintan Vasile , Bracale Umberto , Egberts Jan-Hendrik , Fuchs Hans F. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Gockel Ines , Grimminger Peter , van Hillegersberg Richard , Inaki Noriyuki , Immanuel Arul , Korr Daniel , Lingohr Philipp , Mascagni Pietro , Melling Nathaniel , Milone Marco , Mintz Yoav , Morales-Conde Salvador , Moulla Yusef , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Nilsson Magnus , Reeh Matthias , Sileri Pierpaolo , Targarona Eduardo M. , Ushimaru Yuki , Kim Young-Woo , Markar Sheraz , Nickel Felix , Mitra Anuja T.
Published: December 2023

Background

Minimally invasive total gastrectomy (MITG) is a mainstay for curative treatment of patients with gastric cancer. To define and standardize optimal surgical techniques and further improve clinical outcomes through the enhanced MITG surgical quality, there must be consensus on the key technical steps of lymphadenectomy and anastomosis creation, which is currently lacking. This study aimed to determine an expert consensus from an international panel regarding the technical aspects of the performance of MITG for oncological indications using the Delphi method.

Methods

A 100-point scoping survey was created based on the deconstruction of MITG into its key technical steps through local and international expert opinion and literature evidence. An international expert panel comprising upper gastrointestinal and general surgeons participated in multiple rounds of a Delphi consensus. The panelists voted on the issues concerning importance, difficulty, or agreement using an online questionnaire. A priori consensus standard was set at > 80% for agreement to a statement. Internal consistency and reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's α.

Results

Thirty expert upper gastrointestinal and general surgeons participated in three online Delphi rounds, generating a final consensus of 41 statements regarding MITG for gastric cancer. The consensus was gained from 22, 12, and 7 questions from Delphi rounds 1, 2, and 3, which were rephrased into the 41 statetments respectively. For lymphadenectomy and aspects of anastomosis creation, Cronbach’s α for round 1 was 0.896 and 0.886, and for round 2 was 0.848 and 0.779, regarding difficulty or importance.

Conclusions

The Delphi consensus defined 41 steps as crucial for performing a high-quality MITG for oncological indications based on the standards of an international panel. The results of this consensus provide a platform for creating and validating surgical quality assessment tools designed to improve clinical outcomes and standardize surgical quality in MITG.
Impact of dehydration on laparoscopic performance: a prospective, open-label, randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Bereuter Jean-Paul , Geissler Mark Enrik , Geissler Rona , Schmidt Sofia , Buck Nathalie , Weiß Juliane , Krause-Jüttler Grit , Weitz Jürgen , Distler Marius , von Bechtolsheim Felix , Oehme Florian
Published: December 2023

Introduction

During laparoscopic surgery, surgeons may experience prolonged periods without fluid intake, which might impact surgical performance, yet there are no objective data investigating this issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of prolonged dehydration on laparoscopic surgical performance and tissue handling.

Methods

A total of 51 laparoscopic novices participated in a single-center, open-label, prospective randomized cross-over trial. All participants were trained to proficiency using a standardized laparoscopic training curriculum. Afterward, all participants performed four different laparoscopic tasks twice, once after 6 h without liquid intake (dehydrated group) and once without any restrictions (control group). Primary endpoints were tissue handling defined by force exertion, task time, and error rate. The real hydration status was assessed by biological parameters, like heart rate, blood pressure, and blood gas analysis.

Results

51 laparoscopic novices finished the curriculum and completed the tasks under both hydrated and dehydrated conditions. There were no significant differences in mean non-zero and peak force between the groups. However, dehydrated participants showed significantly slower task times in the Peg transfer task (hydrated: 139.2 s vs. dehydrated: 147.9 s, p = 0.034) and more errors regarding the precision in the laparoscopic suture and knot task (hydrated: 15.7% accuracy rate vs. dehydrated: 41.2% accuracy rate, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Prolonged periods of dehydration do not appear to have a substantial effect on the fundamental tissue handling skills in terms of force exertion among surgical novices. Nevertheless, the observed impact on speed and precision warrants attention.
Wound healing after therapy of oral potentially malignant disorders with a 445-nm semiconductor laser: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Meisgeier Axel , Heymann Paul , Ziebart Thomas , Braun Andreas , Neff Andreas
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are the most clinically relevant precursor lesions of the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OSCC is one of the 15 most common cancers worldwide. OSCC is with its high rate of mortality an important cause of death worldwide. The diagnosis and therapy of clinically relevant precursor lesions of the OSCC is one of the main parts of prevention of this malignant disease. Targeted therapy is one of the main challenges concerning an oncologically safe tissue removal without overwhelming functional and aesthetic impairment.

Materials and methods

In this randomized controlled trial, a newly introduced intraoral 445-nm semiconductor laser (2W; cw-mode; SIROLaser Blue, Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) was used in the therapy of OPMDs. Duration and course of wound healing, pain, and scar tissue formation were compared to classical cold blade removal with primary suture by measuring remaining wound area, tissue colorimetry, and visual analogue scale. The study includes 40 patients randomized using a random spreadsheet sequence in two groups (n1 = 20; n2 = 20).

Results

This comparative analysis revealed a significantly reduced remaining wound area after 1, 2, and 4 weeks in the laser group compared to the cold blade group (p < 0.05). In the laser group, a significantly reduced postoperative pain after 1 week was measured (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Laser coagulation of OPMDs with the investigated 445-nm semiconductor laser is a safe, gentle, and predictable surgical procedure with beneficial wound healing and reduced postoperative discomfort.

Clinical relevance

Compared to the more invasive and bloody cold blade removal with scalpel, the 445-nm semiconductor laser could be a new functional less traumatic tool in the therapy of OPMDs. The method should be further investigated with regard to the identification of further possible indications.

Trail registration

German Clinical Trials Register No: DRKS00032626.
First order asymptotics of the sample average approximation method to solve risk averse stochastic programs
Authors: Krätschmer Volker
Published: December 2023

We investigate statistical properties of the optimal value of the Sample Average Approximation of stochastic programs, continuing the study (Krätschmer in Nonasymptotic upper estimates for errors of the sample average approximation method to solve risk averse stochastic programs, 2023. Forthcoming in SIAM J. Optim.). Central Limit Theorem type results are derived for the optimal value. As a crucial point the investigations are based on a new type of conditions from the theory of empirical processes which do not rely on pathwise analytical properties of the goal functions. In particular, continuity or convexity in the parameter is not imposed in advance as usual in the literature on the Sample Average Approximation method. It is also shown that the new condition is satisfied if the paths of the goal functions are Hölder continuous so that the main results carry over in this case. Moreover, the main results are applied to goal functions whose paths are piecewise Hölder continuous as e.g. in two stage mixed-integer programs. The main results are shown for classical risk neutral stochastic programs, but we also demonstrate how to apply them to the Sample Average Approximation of risk averse stochastic programs. In this respect we consider stochastic programs expressed in terms of absolute semideviations and divergence risk measures.
What does the future hold for a thermophilic and widely introduced gecko, Tarentola mauritanica (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae)?
Authors: Rato Catarina , Silva-Rocha Iolanda , Sillero Neftalí
Published: December 2023

The continuous growth and movement of the human population is increasing the frequency of translocating species from their native ranges to novel environments. However, biological invasions offer a rare opportunity to investigate how species can colonise and adapt to new conditions. In that sense, Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) can be a powerful tool to predict where invasive species will spread over the next decades, although they depend heavily on climatic niche conservatism between native and exotic ranges. To reduce these uncertainties, ENMs can be refined by accounting for dispersal constraints. The common wall gecko, Tarentola mauritanica is a native and widespread Mediterranean lizard that has been introduced across different tropical and sub-tropical regions. In this study, we aim to predict the potential and future distribution of T. mauritanica geckos using correlative models, its potential colonization regions under a dispersal model, and the niche overlap between native and introduced populations. The correlative models predict that the most suitable geographic areas for this gecko correspond to Mediterranean-type ecosystems, such as California, central Chile, the Cape Region of South Africa, around the Caspian Sea, south-eastern Asia, and south-western and southern Australia. The species distribution models projected to 2061–2080, forecast that the range of T. mauritanica is likely to shift towards northern latitudes but, surprisingly, not to expand. According to the dispersal models, T. mauritanica will be able to colonise a similar geographic range compared to the one obtained with the correlative models for the future. Finally, the niche overlap results demonstrate that T. mauritanica’s realised niche has not been conserved over space, as the naturalised climatic niche of the introduced populations differs significantly from its native one. The latter results suggest that there has been no climatic niche conservatism during the several introductions of T. mauritanica and that this species seems to be able to cope with novel and more humid environments, typical from the tropics.
Lightweight precise automatic extraction of exception preconditions in java methods
Authors: Marcilio Diego , Furia Carlo A.
Published: December 2023

When a method throws an exception— its exception precondition—is a crucial element of the method’s documentation that clients should know to properly use it. Unfortunately, exceptional behavior is often poorly documented, and sensitive to changes in a project’s implementation details that can be onerous to keep synchronized with the documentation. We present wit, an automated technique that extracts the exception preconditions of Java methods and constructors. wit uses static analysis to analyze the paths in a method’s implementation that lead to throwing an exception. wit’s analysis is precise, in that it only reports exception preconditions that are correct and correspond to feasible exceptional behavior. It is also lightweight: it only needs the source code of the class (or classes) to be analyzed— without building or running the whole project. To this end, its design uses heuristics that give up some completeness (wit cannot infer all exception preconditions) in exchange for precision and ease of applicability. We ran wit on the JDK and 46 Java projects, where it discovered 30 487 exception preconditions in 24 461 methods, taking less than two seconds per analyzed public method on average. A manual analysis of a significant sample of these exception preconditions confirmed that wit is 100% precise, and demonstrated that it can document the exceptional behavior of Java methods.
Making tourism more sustainable: empirical evidence from EU member countries
Authors: Trstenjak Ani , Tomas Žiković Ivana , Žiković Saša
Published: December 2023

We analyze the sustainability factors that are pertinent to the tourism industry by exploring the effects of economic, environmental and social determinants on sustainable value added (SVA) in a two-stage analysis on a sample of 27 EU countries for the 2013–2019 period. In the first stage, we determine the relative efficiency based on DEA. In the second stage, we use the obtained variables in a dynamic panel data analysis setup. Contrary to the omnipresent push for complete green and sustainable transformation we find that increased GHG emissions will lead to an initial increase in SVA as the tourism sector needs time and effort to transition from a resource-oriented to an environmental-oriented production process. Contrary to previous findings, we show that environmental policies are not effective and that environmental taxation-related policies and procedures need to be revised. Economic growth implies increased pollution as well as increased SVA, as it requires more inputs and thus consumes more natural resources. Because of this it is of utmost importance to pay more attention to the quality of economic development in order to mitigate negative environmental externalities in the tourism sector.
What factors make a municipality more involved in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals? Empirical evidence
Authors: Benito Bernardino , Guillamón María-Dolores , Ríos Ana-María
Published: December 2023

According to the Institutional Theory, governments must respond to the climate and socio-economic challenges of the future by implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, in line with the Legitimacy Theory, governments need to adhere to the timetable of the 2030 Agenda to reduce social and economic disparities and avoid the serious environmental problems caused by current lifestyles. To achieve the SDGs, it is essential to engage various public and private stakeholders. Among these, local governments are particularly relevant, given the diversity of basic services they provide and their proximity to citizens. In this context, this paper aims to address the deficiencies in empirical research about the factors leading to SDG compliance in local governments. To this end, SDG compliance indices are constructed for 100 Spanish municipalities. These indices are used as the dependent variables in the research models, which are estimated using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS). The findings indicate that municipalities characterised by elevated unemployment and lower tax revenue collection tend to comply less with the SDGs. In contrast, in municipalities where citizens participate more in elections and the government is more fragmented, compliance is greater. These findings can be useful for policymakers, regulators and other public officials involved in SDG implementation, as they deepen the understanding of the conditions that favour SDG achievement.
‘Free from BFRB’: Efficacy of Self-Help Interventions for Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors Conveyed via Manual or Video
Authors: Moritz Steffen , Weidinger Sarah , Schmotz Stella
Published: December 2023

Self-help may help fill the large treatment gap in individuals with body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). We examined the efficacy of three self-help techniques for BFRBs: habit reversal training (HRT), decoupling (DC), and decoupling in sensu (DC-is) and also tested whether a video demonstration is more efficacious to written instructions. A total of 224 participants with at least one BFRB were randomly assigned to two intervention groups (video, manual) receiving access to all techniques or a wait-list control group (1:1:1). A 6-week follow-up assessment was conducted. The Generic Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Scale (GBS-9) served as primary outcome. The intention-to-treat analysis showed significant improvements for the manual group compared to the wait-list control group on GBS total score and severity and impairment scores. For the per-protocol analyses (i.e., participants had at least read/watched the manual/video), 26.9% of completers in the manual group improved at least 35% in GBS compared to 23.3% (video group) and 15.9% (control). A dose–response relationship emerged for the video group. Subjective ratings by the video and manual groups did not differ; treatment satisfaction was greater for HRT and DC than for DC-is. Results suggest that the manual group showed somewhat stronger effects than the video group when usage frequency was low. With more frequent usage, improvements in the video condition increased. Future studies should investigate potential order effects of the techniques as well as add-on effects when techniques are used along with other treatment approaches.
Management of iron deficiency in women of childbearing age with oral iron intolerance: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial of three doses of an iron-whey-protein formulation
Authors: Ledwidge Mark , Ryan Fiona , Seoighe Anna , Santos-Martinez Maria Jose , Ryan Cristin , Gilmer J. G. F.
Published: December 2023

Background

Nutritional deficit and oral iron gastrointestinal intolerance may be a common cause of iron deficiency, which can be managed by pharmacists.

Aim

To understand the prevalence of iron deficiency in women of childbearing age with a self-reported history of intolerance to oral iron and the tolerability of three doses of an iron-whey-protein formulation in the care of these women.

Method

Ferritin and haemoglobin levels were documented in women of childbearing age with oral iron gastrointestinal intolerance. In those with iron deficiency (ferritin < 30 µg/L), adherence, gastrointestinal tolerability, ferritin, transferrin saturation and haemoglobin levels were compared between their prior oral iron product and iron-whey-protein microspheres randomised to three doses (14 mg daily, 25 mg daily and 50 mg daily) for 12 weeks.

Results

Most screened women had low iron stores (128 (62.7%); ferritin < 30 µg/L), 65 (31.9%) had moderate to severe iron deficiency (ferritin < 12 µg/L) and 33 (16.2%) had iron deficiency anaemia (ferritin < 30 µg/L, haemoglobin < 12 g/dL). Amongst the 59 women who participated in the prospective clinical study of iron-whey-protein microspheres over 12 weeks, 48 (81.4%) were classified as adherent/persistent and fewer instances of gastrointestinal intolerance were reported (0.59 ± 0.91) when compared to 12 (20.3%) and (4.0 ± 2.2) respectively while taking the prior oral iron (Fisher’s Exact and T-test respectively, both p < 0.001). There was no difference in adherence or tolerability of different iron-whey-protein formulation doses. Ferritin, haemoglobin and energy levels increased significantly over 12 weeks.

Conclusion

Undiagnosed iron deficiency is common in women of childbearing age with a history of intolerance to oral iron and iron-whey-protein microspheres can improve adherence, GI tolerability, iron stores, haemoglobin and energy levels in these women.

Clinical trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier (registration includes full trial protocol): NCT04778072.
New Horizons in Hyperpolarized 13C MRI
Authors: Chaumeil Myriam M. , Bankson James A. , Brindle Kevin M. , Epstein Shdema , Gallagher Ferdia A. , Grashei Martin , Guglielmetti Caroline , Kaggie Joshua D. , Keshari Kayvan R. , Knecht Stephan , Laustsen Christoffer , Schmidt Andreas B. , Vigneron Daniel , Yen Yi-Fen , Schilling Franz
Published: December 2023

Hyperpolarization techniques significantly enhance the sensitivity of magnetic resonance (MR) and thus present fascinating new directions for research and applications with in vivo MR imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S). Hyperpolarized 13C MRI/S, in particular, enables real-time non-invasive assessment of metabolic processes and holds great promise for a diverse range of clinical applications spanning fields like oncology, neurology, and cardiology, with a potential for improving early diagnosis of disease, patient stratification, and therapy response assessment. Despite its potential, technical challenges remain for achieving clinical translation. This paper provides an overview of the discussions that took place at the international workshop “New Horizons in Hyperpolarized 13C MRI,” in March 2023 at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich, Germany. The workshop covered new developments, as well as future directions, in topics including polarization techniques (particularly focusing on parahydrogen-based methods), novel probes, considerations related to data acquisition and analysis, and emerging clinical applications in oncology and other fields.
Exposure time and point cloud quality prediction for active 3D imaging sensors using Gaussian process regression
Authors: Magaña Alejandro , Schneider Lukas , Benker Maximilian , Altmann Thomas , Bauer Philipp , Reinhart Gunther
Published: December 2023

Setting an optimal image exposure is crucial for acquiring dense point clouds using 3D active optical sensor systems such as structured light sensors [structured light sensors (SLSs)] and active stereo sensors. One of the most common and seamless ways to optimize the image brightness of an image exposure is to adjust the camera’s exposure time. However, optimizing the image exposure alone is ineffective for acquiring surfaces of large-scale objects with a complex topology if a spatial understanding of the scene is neglected. Hence, the present paper proposes a data-driven approach using two Gaussian processes [Gaussian processes (GPs)] regression models to select a proper exposure time considering the nonlinear correlations between image exposure and the scene spatial relationships. To model these correlations, our study introduces first the generic synthesization of seven inputs and two target variables. Then, based on these inputs, two independent GPs are designed: one for predicting the measurement quality and one for estimating the exposure time. The performance and generalizability of both models are thoroughly evaluated using an SLS and an active stereo sensor. The evaluation demonstrated that the point cloud quality models adequately matched observations with an R2 exceeding 90%. Specifically, the models predicted point cloud quality with an root mean square error (RMSE) of 10%. Additionally, the assessment of the performance of the exposure time models showed a model fit with an R2 above 97%. The exposure time prediction accuracy, as evidenced by the RMSE values, was within 10% of the corresponding exposure time range for each sensor. The present research shows the potential and effectiveness to completely automate the assessment of a point cloud quality and the selection of exposure times with the help of data-driven models.
Diversity representation in advertising
Authors: Campbell Colin , Sands Sean , McFerran Brent , Mavrommatis Alexis
Published: December 2023

In this article we develop a comprehensive understanding of diverse representation in advertising. While numerous studies highlight increasing demand for diversity among some consumers, such enthusiasm is not universal. This is creating challenges for brands, some of which have faced backlash, either due to a perceived lack of authenticity in their diversity efforts or because not all consumer groups value diversity equally. Amidst these challenges, technological advancements, such as data-driven decision-making and generative AI, present both new opportunities and risks. The current literature on diverse representation in advertising, although expansive, is relatively siloed. Through a detailed eight-step process, we assess and synthesize the body of literature on diversity representation, reviewing 337 articles spanning research on age, beauty, body size, gender, LGBTQIA+ , physical and mental ability, and race and ethnicity. Our investigation offers two major contributions: a summarization of insights from the broader literature on these seven key areas of diverse representation and development of an integrated conceptual framework. Our conceptual framework details mechanisms, moderators, and outcomes that are either prevalent across the literature or can be reasonably expected to generalize across other forms of diversity. This framework not only offers a holistic perspective for academics and industry professionals but also exposes potential future research avenues.
CA-Markov chain for simulation and prediction of LULC and assessing the status of water pollution in Manzala Lake after recent development
Authors: El-Alfy Muhammad A. , Elfanagily Banan A. , Zyadah Mohamed A. , El-Emam Doaa A.
Published: December 2023

The Egyptian government recently undertook a large-scale national dredging project to improve the properties and productivity of the northern lakes. Manzala Lake has a distinctive ecological system that offers locals a variety of ecological services. This study was occurred using an integrating approach of remote sensing and Markov modeling to determine the land use/cover (LULC) change of Manzala Lake’s components. The physiochemical characteristics of the water were also measured. Six LULC classes namely; water, crops, vegetation, urban areas, bare lands, and, sabkha were detected in and around the lake in three different years (1998, 2010, and 2022). The LULC transition was studied and predicted using the CA-Markov model. The area of surface water, flooded vegetation, sabkha, and urban areas were increased by the year of 2022. The bare lands were declined more comparing with the past periods. The new developments in Manzala Lake made more changes in the LULC of lake ecosystems. Also, it is an indication to exploitation the bare areas around lakes into new urban areas. The obtained results were necessary for the revised management plan. It is essential for managing the lakes’ land resources, and vital to carefully consider the development strategies to determine how these projects will influence on the environment and biodiversity. In addition, to what extent this lake productivity will improve and help in the recovery of Egypt’s national income.
Traces of Hope from a New Transnational Well-Being Index: World Love Index
Authors: Palmieri Marco , Floridi Federica , Paoli Angela Delli , Iorio Gennaro , Martire Fabrizio , Cataldi Silvia
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the development of a new measurement called the World Love Index, which aims to evaluate people’s capacity to care for others and the world as an indicator of well-being. Drawing inspiration from appeals by intellectuals to shift towards a new form of humanism, the proposed new index aims to mark the transition towards a new social ecology, and it emphasizes the importance of social connections and relationships. In this way, it tries to capture the challenge of the quest of hope in the post-pandemic era. The study integrates data from the Gallup World Poll and World Values Survey to create this index, focusing on dimensions like overabundance of giving and care for others. The research identifies different clusters of countries based on their orientation towards environmental concern or humanitarian support, revealing how social love varies across income levels. The study argues that focusing on social love as a measure of well-being can lead to transformative policies that emphasize community-building and solidarity, offering a new narrative of progress centered on caring for one another and the environment. Against the backdrop of the post-pandemic era’s socio-economic challenges and echoes of historical crises, the study advocates for a paradigm shift away from traditional GDP-centric metrics, advocating for a comprehensive approach to measuring well-being that considers diverse dimensions of human experience. Ultimately, the World Love Index presents an innovative way to assess societies’ propensity for compassion and offers a fresh perspective on fostering hope and transformation through community-building and caring relationships.
Tau Accumulation in the Spinal Cord Contributes to Chronic Inflammatory Pain by Upregulation of IL-1β and BDNF
Authors: Zhang Shuxia , Chen Yeru , Wang Yongjie , Wang Hongwei , Yao Dandan , Chen Gang
Published: December 2023

Microtubule-associated protein Tau is responsible for the stabilization of neuronal microtubules under normal physiological conditions. Much attention has been focused on Tau’s contribution to cognition, but little research has explored its role in emotions such as pain, anxiety, and depression. In the current study, we found a significant increase in the levels of p-Tau (Thr231), total Tau, IL-1β, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on day 7 after complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection; they were present in the vast majority of neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Microinjection of Mapt-shRNA recombinant adeno-associated virus into the spinal dorsal cord alleviated CFA-induced inflammatory pain and inhibited CFA-induced IL-1β and BDNF upregulation. Importantly, Tau overexpression was sufficient to induce hyperalgesia by increasing the expression of IL-1β and BDNF. Furthermore, the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta partly contributed to Tau accumulation. These findings suggest that Tau in the dorsal horn could be a promising target for chronic inflammatory pain therapy.
Calmer, Kinder, Wiser: A Novel Threefold Categorization for Mindfulness-Based Interventions
Authors: Furnell Matthew , Van Gordon William , Elander James
Published: December 2023

Mindfulness is said to be a connecting thread between an ancient philosophy on the one hand and a contemporary psychological practice on the other. However, some contemporary mindfulness practices have arguably become so disconnected from their roots in Buddhist ethics and wisdom principles that the fundamental essence of the practice is no longer recognisable. It appears that when mindfulness is disconnected from its Buddhist ethical and wisdom-based foundations, being applied as a purely concentrative practice, it can yield adverse effects (such as decreased prosocial behaviour, increased self-centredness, and reduced psychological well-being) for individuals with low-trait empathy or narcissistic traits. Consequently, we propose a novel threefold categorization that aims to build bridges between contemporary Western and traditional Buddhist approaches to mindfulness. This categorization, rooted in the traditional “three trainings” or “triśikṣā” Buddhist principle, distinguishes between the mindfulness practices incorporated within mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), according to whether they primarily employ concentration-, ethics-, or wisdom-based contemplative techniques. We explicate how this more nuanced categorization provides a greater understanding of how varied mindfulness practices could influence outcomes associated with an individual’s prosocial behaviour, social and emotional well-being, and mental health. Additionally, we highlight the potential of greater research into MBIs that are structured around the Mindfulness of Breathing or the Ānāpānasati Sutta progression of concentration-based to ethics-based and finally to wisdom-based practices, particularly in terms of their utility to facilitate self-transcendent experiences.
Corporate Governance, Management Environmental Training, and Carbon Performance: The UK Evidence
Authors: Khatib Saleh F.A. , Al Amosh Hamzeh
Published: December 2023

Following the stress on corporate governance (CG) attributes and their roles on environmental performance, an investigation on the association between CG and carbon performance of the firms listed on the London Stock Exchange is conducted, using data of non-financial companies for the period from 2016 to 2020. To enhance the depth of analysis, this paper introduces management environmental training as a moderator, offering a more nuanced examination of the CG-carbon performance relationship. The findings showed that CG and environmental governance contribute to mitigating CO2 emissions, including the aggregate, Scope 2, and Scope 1 indicators. This suggests that companies prioritizing effective governance mechanisms are more likely to achieve comprehensive emissions management. Also, our results suggest that management environmental training has a moderating impact on the CG-CO2 emissions association, indicating that environment-related training of firm management enhances the efficiency of CG in dealing with environmental issues. The results have substantial implications for policymakers, regulators, and practitioners about the efficiency of CG mechanisms and environmental training in determining company environmental behaviour.
Utilization of paper sludge in preparation of high-purity calcium formate
Authors: Hassan Mohammad L. , Hassan Enas A. , Elseoud Wafaa S. Abou , Moustafa Aisha M.
Published: December 2023

Paper sludge generated from recycling of printed paper is a negative value waste since cellulosic fibers in the sludge are too damaged to be used in paper making and, more important, the sludge has very high content of ash (up to ~ 35%) and ink residues. To be able to utilize cellulosic fibers in bio-conversion industries which depend on saccharification of the fibers into sugars, de-ashing of the sludge is necessary. The major component of the ash is fillers used in paper making, especially calcium carbonate. In the current work, high-purity calcium formate was prepared utilizing calcium carbonate in the paper sludge — as a zero-value precursor — via treatment with formic acid under controlled conditions. The synthesized calcium formate was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX). Calcium formate synthesized using paper sludge was compared to that prepared by reacting pure precipitated calcium carbonate and formic acid using the aforementioned tools of analyses. The results confirmed successful preparation of calcium formate with high-purity (99%) with orthorhombic crystal structure from paper sludge as pure as that prepared using pure commercially available precipitated calcium carbonate. The results and approach used in the current work could convert paper sludge to value-added products with high profit and at the same time reduce the huge amounts of land-filled sludge.

Graphical abstract
Evaluation of selective clay minerals and biochar as materials for sewage sludge stabilization
Authors: Balidakis A. , Matsi T. , Ipsilantis I. , Kalderis D.
Published: December 2023

The objectives of this study were to evaluate sewage sludge’s stabilization with untested until now materials, such as selective clay minerals or biochar in comparison with liming, for enhancing sludge’s fertilization capacity. Dewatered sewage sludge was mixed with bentonite, vermiculite, zeolite, biochar or lime at rates of 0, 15 and 30%, air-dried and analyzed for pathogens and chemical properties. Almost all fecal indicators of treated sludge with 15% bentonite, vermiculite or biochar were reduced by at least one-logarithmic unit (log10) (indicative value of sludge’s stabilization), whereas those of limed sludge were undetectable. Electrical conductivity of all treatments significantly increased, and the highest values were obtained for untreated (6.1 dS m−1) and limed sludge (above 7.0 dS m−1 for both addition rates). The untreated sludge had the significantly highest water-soluble ammonium-nitrogen (2817 mg kg−1) and phosphorus (263 mg kg−1) concentrations followed by sludge treated with bentonite, vermiculite or biochar, whereas limed sludge had the lowest content. Boron concentration of the untreated sludge was similar to the treated sludge. Total concentrations of heavy metals were far below the legislative permissible levels for sludge’s agronomic use. Nutrients’ total content of treated sludge ranged at levels of similar magnitude to the untreated sludge, except for certain cases where they were increased because of the materials’ composition. Consequently, sewage sludge treated with 15% bentonite, vermiculite or biochar seems to be stabilized, retain bioavailable nitrogen and serve as a fertilizer of macro- and micronutrients. However, potential risks of agronomic use, i.e., soil salinization and boron phytotoxicity, should be considered.
Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome sequences of four camellia species
Authors: Hao Bingqing , Xia Yingying , Zhang Zhaoyuan , Wang Dongxue , Ye Hang , Ma Jinlin
Published: December 2023

Researching the photosynthetic characteristics based on the whole chloroplast genome sequence of Camellia osmantha cv ‘yidan’ is important for improving production. We sequenced and analyzed the chloroplast (cp) genomes of C. osmantha cv ‘yidan’. The total cp genome length was 156,981 bp. The cp genomes included 134 genes encoding 81 proteins, 39 transfer RNAs, 8 ribosomal RNAs, and 6 genes with unknown functions. In total, 50 repeat sequences were identified in C. osmantha cv ‘yidan’ cp genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. osmantha cv ‘yidan’ is more closely related to Camellia vietnamensis cv ‘hongguo’ and Camellia oleifera cv ‘cenruan 3’ than to Camellia semiserrata cv ‘hongyu 1’. Our complete assembly of four Camellia cp genomes may contribute to breeding for high oil content plants and further biological discoveries. The results of this study provide a basis for the assembly of the entire chloroplast genome of C. osmantha cv ‘yidan’.
Insights into the Valorization of Electric Arc Furnace Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Andersson Anton , Isaksson Jenny , Lennartsson Andreas , Engström Fredrik
Published: December 2023

The transition to hydrogen-based reduction processes within the iron and steelmaking industry will generate new types of slag compositions that require valorization routes. Using slags as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) addresses the carbon dioxide emissions of the cement industry since the SCM requires neither calcination nor clinkering. Conventionally, ironmaking slags from the blast furnace (BF) are recycled as SCMs, i.e., ground granulated BF slag (GGBS). Ideally, future slags from electric arc furnaces (EAFs) operating on hydrogen-based direct reduced iron should be valorized analogously. Since the hydrogen-based process route is not yet realized in an industrial scale, the literature lacks data to support this valorization route, and additionally, literature on scrap-based EAF slags is scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to offer insights into the utilization of ore-based EAF slags as SCMs based on an industrial slag sample from an EAF operating on hot briquetted iron. The slag was remelted, modified, and water-granulated in laboratory scale, and its performance as an SCM was compared to water-granulated ladle slag and two commercial GGBS. The results showed promising reactivities measured using the R3 isothermal calorimeter-based testing protocol. Based on the comparison to GGBS, the study indicated that generating reactive and appropriate SCMs from EAF slags will partly be a challenge in balancing the crystallization of the MeO-type solid solution rich in magnesia and addressing the iron oxide content in the amorphous phase.

Graphical Abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Bullying During Adolescence: A Systematic Literature Review of Two Decades
Authors: Merrin Gabriel J. , Wang Joy Huanhuan , Kiefer Sarah M. , Jackson Jesseca L. , Pascarella Lauren A. , Huckaby Paige L. , Blake Corinne L. , Gomez Michael D. , Smith Nicholas D. W.
Published: December 2023

There is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the emergence of bullying behaviors in adolescence, as well as their subsequent implications for youth well-being. This study systematically reviewed the link between 11 unique ACEs (including the original 10 from the 1998 CDC-Kaiser ACE study plus child welfare involvement) and three specific bullying behaviors (i.e., perpetration, victimization, and bully-victim) over two decades (1999–2019). Five databases (i.e., Embase, ERIC, PsycINFO, PTSDpubs, and PubMed) were used to identify 51 studies. The findings showed a consistent pattern of positive associations for certain ACEs, specifically cumulative ACEs, maltreatment, family violence, physical abuse, and domestic violence, with bullying perpetration and victimization. However, sexual abuse and divorce and separation were not consistently related to perpetration or victimization. In addition, general abuse was positively associated with perpetration, whereas emotional abuse and children in the welfare system tended to be victims rather than perpetrators of bullying. Notably, several ACEs, including neglect and household dysfunction, remain largely understudied in relation to bullying. The research also predominantly focuses on bullying perpetration and victimization, with bully-victims receiving much less attention. Finally, the research on the impact of bullying behaviors on the well-being of youth with ACEs is too limited to make definitive conclusions regarding the mediating or moderating role of bullying on youth well-being outcomes. The results underscore the importance of understanding and accounting for the simultaneous and cumulative effects of ACEs. This understanding is essential when designing trauma-informed interventions and prevention strategies to combat bullying. Future longitudinal studies should rectify methodological and psychometric shortcomings, investigate potential mediators and moderators, and integrate health outcomes of positive experiences with adverse childhood experiences to capture shared risk and resilience pathways.
Point of view: human development and impact for sustainability—‘A new pipeline theory in academia’
Authors: AlMaadeed Mariam AlAli
Published: December 2023

The role of academia in society is due for a comprehensive re-evaluation. Utilising the metaphor of a ‘network of pipelines’, this paper identifies two critical dimensions: a ‘people pipeline’, which includes a diverse range of students from various demographics—be they gender-based, socioeconomic or ethnic—and an ‘experience pipeline’ focused on the quality of teaching and learning. These components must be strategically synchronised to maximise societal and environmental impact. Drawing an analogy with engineered irrigation systems that require optimal operation and maintenance, the paper argues that academia should adopt a similarly meticulous approach. To this end, the article advocates for aligning educational endeavours more closely with Sustainable Development Goals, emphasising the need for a multi-layered, context-sensitive strategy.
Comparison of clinical characteristics of a pediatric cohort with combined pituitary hormone deficiency caused by mutation of the PROP1 gene or of other origins
Authors: Zygmunt-Górska Agata , Wójcik Małgorzata , Gilis-Januszewska Aleksandra , Starmach Anna , Bik-Multanowski Mirosław , Starzyk Jerzy B.
Published: December 2023

The most commonly identified genetic cause of combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is PROP1 gene mutations. The aim of the study was to compare selected clinical features of patients with CPHD caused by variants of the PROP1 gene (CPHD-PROP1) and patients with inborn CPHD of other etiology (CPHD-nonPROP1).

Material and methods

The retrospective analysis included childhood medical records of 74 patients (32 female) with CPHD, including 43 patients (23 female) with the mutation in the PROP1 gene.

Results

Patients with CPHD-PROP1 compared to the CPHD-nonPROP1 presented with the following: significantly higher median birth weight (0.21 vs. − 0.29 SDS, p = 0.019), lower growth velocity within 3 years preceding growth hormone administration (− 2.7 vs. − 0.8 SDS, p < 0.001), higher mean maximal blood concentration of growth hormone within the stimulation process (1.2 vs. 1.08 ng/mL, p = 0.003), lower TSH (1.8 vs. 2.4 µIU/mL, p < 0.001), significantly lower prolactin concentrations (128 vs. 416.3 µIU/mL, p < 0.001), and less frequent typical signs of hypogonadism at birth in boys (n = 6; 30% vs. n = 12, 54%, p < 0.001). Secondary adrenal insufficiency was less frequent in CPHD-PROP1 (20 vs. 25 cases, p = 0.006) and occurred at a later age (13.4 vs. 10.4 years). MRI of the pituitary gland in CPHD-PROP1 revealed a small pituitary gland (21 cases), pituitary gland enlargement (eight cases), and one pituitary stalk interruption and posterior lobe ectopy, while it was normal in nine cases.

Conclusion

Patients with the PROP1 mutations present a clinical picture significantly different from that of other forms of congenital hypopituitarism. Certain specific clinical results may lead to the successful identification of children requiring diagnostics for the PROP1 gene mutation.