bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Thinking and Writing Informational Texts in a Grade Three Classroom
Authors: Bright Robin M. , Smith Bev
Published: May 2014

In this chapter, the authors present a case study that explores grade three students' work with informational text over a month-long unit in order to document the students' developing thinking skills about text structures and features. Students were introduced to informational mentor texts to discover insight into expository text structures and create their own “All About…” books using their own background knowledge and interests. In writing their own informational texts, the students were encouraged to use a variety of visual representation formats such as lists, checklists, and diagrams. They also used common expository text structures found in informational trade books including description, sequence, and comparison. These structures provided an overall framework for students to organize their writing and use the skills of conceptualizing, applying, synthesizing, and evaluating their knowledge. One of the primary successes of the unit for developing students' critical thinking was the opportunity to teach others about an area of expertise. Scaffolding for student success in a variety of ways throughout the writing process was also important for student learning. Choosing mentor texts with text features and visuals that were desired in the students' finished pieces provided concrete examples for the class. Overall, the reading and writing of informational text was successful in promoting the development of important thinking skills that support students' need to critically evaluate information from a variety of sources.
Can Mapping Improve the Quality of Critical Thinking in Essay Writing in an Introductory Level, Core Curriculum Class?
Authors: Shedletsky Leonard
Published: May 2014

This study began with the question: Can mapping improve the quality of critical thinking in essay writing in an introductory level, core curriculum class? Two sections of the course, Introduction to Communication, were compared, without mapping and with mapping. Dependent measures were: (1) the word count for summarizing the critical incident to be analyzed; (2) the number of concepts/theories employed to analyze the critical incident; (3) the number of times a connection was made between the analytical concepts/theories and the critical incident; (4) the number of words used in summarizing the essay as a whole; and (5) the total number of words in the essay. In addition, the data were analyzed for practice since there were three attempts at essay writing. Practice at writing the paper had an especial effect on writing and mapping had an especial effect on laying out the problem and applying analytical concepts to it.
Confronting Critical Thinking Challenges “in” the College Classroom
Authors: Utah Chigozirim Ifedapo , Waters Alexis
Published: May 2014

The goal of this pilot study was to develop a learner-centered teaching tool that would promote meaningful learning and enable higher education instructors to model critical thinking through concept mapping. Learner-centered approaches emphasize not only content, but the context, purpose, and process of learning. They also focus on the need for students to take responsibility for their own learning. However, students may not possess the foundational critical thinking skills necessary to be independent learners. Concept mapping allows university instructors to demonstrate basic critical thinking processes and provides students with the opportunity to practice the critical thinking that is essential to their success inside and outside the classroom. It can also facilitate meaningful learning by encouraging students to integrate new knowledge into prior knowledge structures.
Making Sense of Intercultural Interaction
Authors: Dunsmore Kate
Published: May 2014

This chapter presents a visual sense-making activity in the field of intercultural communication. The activity is rooted in the literature that treats learning as a process of constructing meaning. The premise for this activity is that critical thinking depends on learning beyond memorizing discrete items. This perspective views learning for critical thinking as a process of integrating new knowledge into existing mental frameworks, which are then re-shaped in the learning process. The discussion begins with foundations in learning theory and their application to teaching intercultural communication. The description of the activity begins with the classroom setting and concludes with an appraisal of the activity in practice. Considerations of technology, curriculum design, and combining pedagogical strategies are included.
Conceptual Mapping Facilitates Coherence and Critical Thinking in the Science Education System
Authors: Gorman James , Heinze-Fry Jane
Published: May 2014

In this case, the authors propose a pathway of visual mapping through which the science education system from professional educators who produce representations of national and state standards to curriculum coordinators at the school district level to individual teachers and students in the classroom could be aligned in order to promote meaningful learning of a connected set of concepts. Conceptual mapping is demonstrated to be a tool that promotes critical thinking, cohesion, and meaningful learning in opposition to the learning of arbitrary facts and rote memorization. The authors offer many examples of conceptual maps that have been produced to externalize thinking at each level. This chapter provides a “synthesis case” demonstrating that not only does it require critical thinking to create conceptual maps, but, equally salient, these visual representations of our thinking catalyze further critical thinking and coherence within the science education system.
Critical Thinking, Critical Looking
Authors: Emanuel Richard C. , Challons-Lipton Siu
Published: May 2014

Critical thinking involves the comprehension and expression of the meaning or significance of a wide variety of experiences, situations, data, events, judgments, conventions, beliefs, rules, procedures, and criteria. One important aspect of critical thinking is the analysis, interpretation, and understanding of images. This is generally known as visual literacy. Visual literacy may be initially demonstrated at the basic levels of recognition and understanding – recognizing an image, telling what a symbol means, indicating the name of a painting and/or its artist. As one becomes more skilled at analyzing and interpreting the meaning of visuals, they are maturing toward visual fluency. Studying a cultural artifact provides students an opportunity to put things in context and to practice critical thinking. Two works of art—the Coffee Cup print and The Death of Marat painting—are provided along with example analysis.
Learning Argumentation Practices in School with a Graphical Synchronous Discussion Tool
Authors: Glassner Amnon , Schwarz Baruch B.
Published: May 2014

Several computerized representation tools have been developed to enhance collective argumentation in schools. The authors describe Digalo1, a graphical synchronous e-discussion tool (Schwarz & Glassner, 2007). They focus on how Digalo was used in a program (the Kishurim program) dedicated to foster dialogic and dialectic thinking among students in lessons centered on scientific and social issues. The studies undertaken on the use of Digalo suggest important lessons that moderators of e-discussions should keep in mind while designing, moderating, and evaluating small-group e-discussions.
Mapping Out Scientists' Messages
Authors: deCharon Annette
Published: May 2014

Funded by the Centers for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence (COSEE) program of the National Science Foundation (NSF), COSEE-Ocean Systems (OS) has employed concept mapping to facilitate collaboration and communication between ocean scientists and educators. Based on iterative feedback from and interaction with its participants, COSEE-OS has developed online concept mapping software linked to an ever-growing database with thousands of scientist-vetted resources, known as the Concept Linked Integrated Media Builder (CLIMB; cosee.umaine.edu/climb). Concomitant with the evolution of its CLIMB software functionality, COSEE-OS has transitioned from exclusively holding in-person concept mapping workshops to predominantly preparing for and delivering concept map-based webinar events, featuring ocean science researchers. This transition to webinars has greatly increased the number of participants and expanded the geographic reach from local to global. This chapter focuses on three key areas in which COSEE-OS has supported critical thinking: (1) the collaborative process of making meaningful learning by creating, analyzing, and improving concept maps with others; (2) facilitating subject-matter experts in the formulation of concept map-based presentations, which audiences can use to evaluate the validity of their connections and conclusions; and (3) the training of scientists to use concept mapping as a technique to more clearly delineate and explain how their research is tied to societally relevant issues. Three case descriptions on how COSEE-OS concept mapping facilitation and infrastructure have been applied to ocean sciences education efforts—both within the COSEE Network and beyond to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)—are also presented.
Information Access, the Digital Divide, and Knowledge-Based Economies
Authors: Bwalya Kelvin Joseph
Published: May 2014

The conceptual understanding of the digital divide has been brought to the fore of scholarly research and practice for decades now. The contemporary understanding has been that there is a closer link between information access, the digital divide and knowledge economies. This chapter aims to unpack the ‘digital divide' especially as espoused in the developing world context and provide a departure from looking at the digital divide only from the ‘information access' perspective. A thorough review of the literature is employed to ascertain the common positions that have been and are being advanced by various renowned researchers in the field and present a comparative study on the effects of the digital divide on the socio-economic setting of South Korea and Zambia. The thesis of this chapter is that the digital divide has contributed to information asymmetry amongst different information-needy individuals and organizations. This is a profound disadvantage, especially in knowledge-based economies. The exponential penetration of technology in people's lives entails that we can no longer passively address the issue of the digital divide but rather must have robust and responsive strategies towards addressing the divide.
Digital Television Transition in South Africa
Authors: Mbatha Blessing
Published: May 2014

This chapter examines possible obstacles to the adoption of digital television in South Africa. A qualitative approach was followed by conducting in-depth interviews with key informants. The data was analyzed using open coding, where dominant themes from the discussions were identified and discussed in detail. This chapter intends to outline the importance of digital readiness from digital television perspective as a platform for universal disposal of digital information to both the citizenry and business entities. In order to do that, the chapter discusses digital migration with a focus to improving e-Government development of promoting global access to government information.The findings show that there are a few challenges in migrating from analogue to digital television in South Africa. From this study, it is evidently shown that the emerging digital television platforms have a lot of potential to be used as a vehicle for e-Government applications.
Long Tail Leadership
Authors: Spencer-Scarr Diane
Published: May 2014

The emergence of a growing long tail has added complexity to organisational leadership. Trends affecting the individual come from social, economic and technological sources and affect leadership behaviours and this in turn affects society. In order to understand this interconnection, lower level influences and how they affect the higher-level visible signs are discussed. These lead to influences on behaviour. Influences which are felt as intensity and embededness of engagement, decision-management, feedback ability and motivators. This chapter begins with a discussion of causes for this phenomenon and concludes with ways to work with the long tail, either from within as a member, or externally as a leader. The chapter ends with a brief comment on future research based on findings discussed in this chapter.
The Contribution of Information and Information Technology in Building Organizational Resilience
Authors: Mazini Sergio Ricardo
Published: May 2014

This chapter presents an approach to the strategic role of information and information technology in enterprises through alignment with organizational strategic planning and the contribution in building organizational resilience. It is important for companies to realize the deployment of strategic planning through organizational strategic planning of information and information technology, with the aim of identifying information needs, actions and solutions that will contribute to the monitoring and tracking of defined strategic objectives, and also in building organizational resilience. The chapter also discusses the contribution of information technology to the information systems of companies, through the resources and solutions currently available, such as business management systems - ERP, Sales Force Automation - SFA, Business Intelligence - BI and calculating the need for productive resources - MRPII. The research method is a survey conducted in firms located in an industrial Brazilian shoe industry. This study develops a framework for the analysis and deployment of strategic planning on organizational strategic planning information and information technology.
Proposal for the Use of Digital Mediation for Public Direct Participation during Electoral Periods
Authors: Sousa Artur Afonso , Agante Pedro , Gouveia Luís Borges
Published: May 2014

This work of research and development seeks to present a proposal of digital mediation for direct public participation during electoral periods. The proposal includes a conceptual and functional model and the corresponding proof of concept –a web application named iLeger. In summary, this application supports collaborative interactions such as questions, answers, suggestions, ratings, comments and live debates, and was specifically designed to gather, in a single neutral deliberative and regulated space, the main stakeholders in an electoral campaign, fostering multidirectional communication (synchronous and asynchronous) and sharing between them. This chapter also includes the results obtained from the use of the iLeger platform in the electoral campaign for the Portuguese Parliamentary and Local Elections held in 2009, the 2010 election of the Head of the Portuguese Medical Association and the Presidential and Parliamentary Elections held in 2011 in Portugal. The developing effort was conducted taking into account an Agile strategy which is briefly reported in the development process.
Comparative Analysis on the Usage of Business Information Systems among Portuguese and Hungarian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Lopes Filomena Castro , Morais M. Paula , Sasvari Peter
Published: May 2014

It has become obvious that corporate management, administration, planning, cash flow, and other business activities could hardly function without information technology in the organization of society. Relationships between human activities and the people themselves are reliant more and more broadly on electronic devices. In terms of using information technology devices and services, the development of enterprises are significantly different in the European Union. This has led to a strong and significant relationship with the added value created by micro, small-, and medium-sized enterprises. In order to meet the needs of corporations, enterprise resource planning and integrated management systems have evolved and have become more and more widespread among small- and medium-sized enterprises as well. Although Portugal in the group of Southern European countries and Hungary in the group of Eastern European countries lag behind the other countries belonging to their group, it turns out that in terms of using and intending to use business information systems, Portuguese enterprises are more advanced in the categories of small- and medium-sized enterprises. This chapter explores this.
Psalm 26 and Proverbs: Tracing wisdom themes
Authors: Potgieter Annette
Published: May 2014

The discernment of Psalm 26 as a cultic psalm has prevented noticing vital connections with wisdom literature. These connections with Proverbs and other known wisdom psalms provide clues for the composition of Psalm 26 to be set in the post-exilic period. The way in which wisdom literature is used conveys the religious ethos and daily life of a community. The fact that the wisdom character of Psalm 26 has been overlooked can be viewed as one of the main reasons why Psalm 26 has been interpreted solely in a cultic setting. The sapiential influence of this psalm has been confused to only reflect the cultic aspects. The psalmist wants to live a life according to wisdom as he seeks the rewards of being close to Yahweh.
EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis/block
Authors: Choudhary Narendra S. , Puri Rajesh
Published: May 2014

Refractory chronic abdominal pain as a result of inoperable pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis poses a formidable challenge and can be effectively relieved with celiac axis block or celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN). Percutaneous celiac plexus block (CPB) or computed tomography (CT)-guidance using anterior or posterior approaches has some limitations. However, endoultrasound (EUS)-guided CPB has evolved itself as an effective and safe procedure for management of refractory abdominal pain. The EUS offers advantages, which include accurate anatomic imaging, real-time monitoring of injection, and anterior approach, which avoids neurologic complications. The CPN can be combined with staging and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of a malignancy in the same session. The present review discusses anatomic details of celiac axis block, procedure-related details, complications, contraindications, comparison to other modalities, and results of various studies and author’s experience of EUS guided CPB/neurolysis.
Pertuzumab in Combination with Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy in the Treatment of HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Safety, Efficacy, and Progression Free Survival
Authors: Maly Joseph J. , Macrae Erin R.
Published: May 2014

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the oncology community and were pioneered by the use in HER2-targeted therapies. Improved outcomes were seen with the advent of trastuzumab, leading investigators to develop newer agents to target the HER2 pathway such as the novel monoclonal antibody pertuzumab. In this paper, we describe the attributes of pertuzumab including: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, safety/cardiotoxicity, drug interactions, efficacy, and role in HER2-positive breast cancer management. Newly reviewed here versus previously published reviews on pertuzumab oriented therapy are data of pertuzumab monotherapy as it is used in combination with other anti-HER2 agents derived from preclinical research and ongoing clinical trials.

Materials and Methods

A computer based literature search was carried out using PubMed data reported at international meetings (ASCO) up to September 2013 were included.
Congenital Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Espiritu Nora , Aguirre Lino , Jave Oswaldo , Sanchez Luis , Kirwan Daniela E. , Gilman Robert H.
Published: May 2014

This article presents a case of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in a Peruvian infant. His mother was diagnosed with disseminated TB, and treatment commenced 11 days postpartum. The infant was diagnosed with TB after 40 days and died at 2 months and 2 days of age. Congenital transmission of TB to the infant was suspected, because direct postpartum transmission was considered unlikely; also, thorough screening of contacts for TB was negative. Spoligotyping confirmed that both mother and baby were infected with identical strains of the Beijing family (SIT1).
Doctors and Vampires in Sub-Saharan Africa: Ethical Challenges in Clinical Trial Research
Authors: Peeters Grietens Koen , Ribera Joan Muela , Erhart Annette , Hoibak Sarah , Ravinetto Raffaella M. , Gryseels Charlotte , Dierickx Susan , O'Neill Sarah , Muela Susanna Hausmann , D'Alessandro Umberto
Published: May 2014

Collecting blood samples from individuals recruited into clinical research projects in sub-Saharan Africa can be challenging. Strikingly, one of the reasons for participant reticence is the occurrence of local rumors surrounding “blood stealing” or “blood selling.” Such fears can potentially have dire effects on the success of research projects—for example, high dropout rates that would invalidate the trial's results—and have ethical implications related to cultural sensitivity and informed consent. Though commonly considered as a manifestation of the local population's ignorance, these rumors represent a social diagnosis and a logical attempt to make sense of sickness and health. Born from historical antecedents, they reflect implicit contemporary structural inequalities and the social distance between communities and public health institutions. We aim at illustrating the underlying logic governing patients' fear and argue that the management of these beliefs should become an intrinsic component of clinical research.
The Antibacterial Properties of Composite Resin Containing Nanosilver against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus
Authors: Azarsina Mohadese , Kasraei Shahin , Yousefi-Mashouf Rasoul , Dehghani Nima , Shirinzad Mehdi
Published: May 2014

Aim

The aim was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of composite resin containing nanosilver against Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus (L).

Materials and methods

Nanosilver was added to Z250 composite at 0.5 and 1% by weight. In order to confirm the homogenous distribution of the nanoparticles in the composite resin, SEM-EDX analysis was performed on one sample in each group. Z250 composite without nanosilver was used as control. Direct contact test was used to test the antibacterial properties of nanoparticle-loaded composites: 0.001 ml of 0.5 Mc Farland suspension of MS and L was placed on composite disks, and incubated for 1 hour in 5 to 10% CO2 incubator at 37°C. Samples were placed in 0.5 ml of sterile BHI broth and incubated for 2 hours in CO2 incubator. Afterwards, 0.001 ml liquid from each medium was distributed on blood agar plates and incubated for 48 hours in CO2 incubator. The numbers of bacterial colonies were counted visually. Data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. Significance level was set at 0.05.

Results

Addition of nanosilver to composite resin had a significant effect on reduction of the number of SM and L colonies (p = 0.000). The antibacterial properties of composite resins are different depending on the concentration of nanosilver (p = 0.014). Tukey test indicated that increase in the concentration of nanosilver caused the increase in antibacterial properties of composite resin.

Conclusion

Addition of silver nanoparticles to Z250 composite could significantly inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus on the surface of this composite.

Clinical significance

The addition of nanosilver to Z250 composite could inhibit the growth of SM and L on the surface of the restoration and therefore prevent the occurrence of secondary caries.

How to cite this article

Azarsina M, Kasraei S, Yousefi- Mashouf R, Dehghani N, Shirinzad M. The Antibacterial Properties of Composite Resin Containing Nanosilver against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1014-1018.
A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study
Authors: Vallikanthan Sangeetha , Reddy K Balakoti , Dash Shreemoy , Kallepalli Sowmya , Chakrapani N , Kalepu Vamsi
Published: May 2014

Objectives

The present study was conducted to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of hand and two NiTi rotary instrumentation systems (K3 and ProTaper).

Materials and methods

Sixty single rooted human maxillary anterior teeth decoronated at the cementoenamel junction were used. All the specimens were divided into four groups of 15 teeth each, group I—ProTaper rotary instrumentation done, group II—K3 rotary instrumentation done, group III—Stainless steel K-file instrumentation done, group IV—root canal irrigation without instrumentation. Root canal preparation was done in a crown down manner and 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigant after each file followed by final rinse with 5 ml of 17% EDTA solution, then specimens were scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination.

Results

Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's HSD test. Group I showed highly statistical significant difference compared to other groups. There was no statistically significant difference considering smear layer at any levels among the groups with no smear layer formation in group IV.

Conclusion

ProTaper rotary instrumentation showed the maximum cleaning efficacy followed by K3 rotary instrumentation in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canal.

Clinical significance

ProTaper rotary instruments are more efficient than hand and K3 rotary instruments during root canal treatment.

How to cite this article

Reddy KB, Dash S, Kallepalli S, Vallikanthan S, Chakrapani N, Kalepu V. A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1028-1035.
Biomechanical Characteristics of Microimplant for Anchorage in Orthodontics: A 3D Finite Element Model Study
Authors: Lokesh NK , Prasad CMS Krishna , Naidu D Lakshmayya , Harini T , Lakshmi H Vidyadhara , Dharmesh HS
Published: May 2014

In orthodontic treatment, anchorage control is essential for success. A recent development, stationary anchorage (microimplants) eliminates one of the uncertainties of orthodontic tooth movement by offering absolute control over potentially undesirable counter movements. The objective of this study was to establish a 3D finite element model for microimplant and to analyze the influence of different angulations to the long axis of the teeth (30-90°) on the biomechanical characteristics of orthodontic anchorage implant-bone interface. Results of this study showed that largest stress and deformation was seen in the cortical bone and upper region of trabecular bone. Stress and deformation increased as the angulations of the implant to the long axis of the tooth increased. As the angulation of the implant to the long axis of maxillary 1st molar increased, stress and deformation also decreased. Maximum stress and displacement were recorded when implant was placed perpendicular to the long axis of maxillary 1st molar.

How to cite this article

Naidu DL, Harini T, Prasad CMSK, Lakshmi HV, Lokesh NK, Dharmesh HS. Biomechanical Characteristics of Microimplant for Anchorage in Orthodontics: A 3D Finite Element Model Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1076-1079.
Influence of Disinfection with Peracetic Acid and Hypochlorite in Dimensional Alterations of Casts obtained from Addition Silicone and Polyether Impressions
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Queiroz Daher Antonio , Peçanha Marcelo Massaroni , Neves Ana Christina Claro , Frizzera Fausto , Silva-Concílio Laís Regiane
Published: May 2014

Dental impressions disinfection is important to reduce the risk of cross contamination but this process may produce dimensional distortions. Peracetic acid is a disinfectant agent with several favorable characteristics yet underutilized in Dentistry. The aim of this paper is to compare the dimensional stability of casts obtained from addition silicone and polyether impressions that were immersed for 10 minutes in a solution of 0.2% peracetic acid or 1% sodium hypochlorite. Sixty samples in type IV gypsum were produced after a master cast that simulated a full crown preparation of a maxillary premolar. Samples were divided in 6 groups (n = 10) according to the impression material and disinfection agent: Group AC – addition silicone control (without disinfectant); Group APA – addition silicone + 0.2% peracetic acid; Group AH – addition silicone + 1% sodium hypochlorite; Group PC – polyether control (without disinfectant); Group PPA – polyether + 0.2% peracetic acid; Group PH – polyether + 1% sodium hypochlorite. Cast height, base and top diameter were measured and a mean value was obtained for each sample and group all data was statistically analyzed (ANOVA, p < 0.05). There was not a significant statistical difference between addition silicone and polyether impressions regardless of the disinfectant materials. It can be concluded that disinfection with the proposed agents did not produce significant alterations of the impressions and the peracetic acid could be considered a reliable material to disinfect dental molds.

How to cite this article

Queiroz DA, Peçanha MM, Neves ACC, Frizzera F, Tonetto MR, Silva-Concílio LR. Influence of Disinfection with Peracetic Acid and Hypochlorite in Dimensional Alterations of Casts obtained from Addition Silicone and Polyether Impressions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1100-1105.
Effect of a Metal Primer on the Adhesive Interface between Composite and Lingual Brackets
Authors: Neto Julio Pedra e Cal , de Albuquerque Calasans-Maia José , de Almeida Natalia Valli , Rohen Helen , Freire Maria Angélica Galvão
Published: May 2014

Aim

To test the null hypothesis was that there is no difference in the shear strength of indirectly bonded lingual brackets with or without prior application of metal primer on their bases.

Materials and methods

Forty recently extracted human premolars were obtained and randomly divided into two groups of 20 each: group I (control), phosphoric acid and indirect bonding with Maximum Cure (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA); and group II, application of metal primer (Metal Primer, Reliance Orthodontic Products) on bracket base prior to conditioning and indirect bonding. All products were used according to the manufacturer's instructions. A universal testing machine was used to apply a shear force directly onto the enamel- bracket interface at a speed of 1.0 mm/min.

Results

Mean (SD) shear bond strength for group I was 12.87 (5.75) MPa and for the group II was 18.47 (8.48) MPa. The Student's t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.0311) between the groups. The chi-square test for the adhesive remnant index (ARI) indicated that there was a significant difference (p = 0.2750).

Conclusion

The application of metal primer increased the adhesion of lingual brackets, and may be a promising procedure for clinical orthodontics.

How to cite this article

e Cal Neto JP, de Albuquerque Calasans-Maia J, de Almeida NV, Rohen H, Freire MAG. Effect of a Metal Primer on the Adhesive Interface Between Composite and Lingual Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1106- 1108.
Opinie: Lang zal ze leven … een wens van de goede of de kwade fee? - Genderpolitiek van de mondiale vergrijzing
Authors: van Dullemen Caroline
Published: May 2014

Old age poverty, especially amongst women, is a serious risk that is barely addressed. Today about two-third of older people are living in Asia, Latin-America of Africa and this is estimated to rise to close to 80% by 2050, about 1.6 billion older people. Though many governments in these regions are working on the development of social security, currently, over half of older people worldwide – 342 million – lack income security. And, unless action is taken to improve the situation, it is estimated that, by 2050, more than 1.2 billion older people will still be without access to secure incomes (UNDESA, 2007) and will not enjoy their Third Age in good quality of life. Family support is declining in many parts of the world and improved social security policies have not compensated for this. The central question I pose in this article is whether women are more exposed to financial risks than men. I take a closer look at three socio-demographic trends with important implications for women: – Reduced fertility and increased life expectancy – the increasing dependency ratio and the risk of feminisation of poverty – Waning support from the family and the gap in social security
Women’s identities and the third age - A feminist review of psychological knowledge
Authors: van Mens-Verhulst Janneke , Radtke Lorraine
Published: May 2014

We explore how psychologists have incorporated gender and power into their explorations of third age women’s identities. Our systematic search revealed that only a few studies explicitly referred to the third age as a distinct phase of late adulthood. However, taking the chronological age of 56-75 years as a proxy for the third age, we identified relevant studies, adopting either a senescing, life-span development, socialpsychological or social-constructionist approach. Consistent with the third age as an employment and family free phase of life, many women in late adulthood resist the traditional interlocking discourses of femininity and aging as decline and take up new activities (frequently volunteer work). In most studies gender was reduced to sex (differences). Power was mostly implicit in analyses of micro and macro level processes, with a focus on variations in (dis)advantages. We recommend an intersectional approach for future studies.
Beeldessay - Eia mater fons amoris
Authors: Buikema Rosemarie
Published: May 2014

In this pictorial essay, Buikema investigates the image that won the World Press Photo award in 2012. This photograph of a veiled woman cradling the body of a fallen revolutionary in a mosque in Yemen evokes in western audiences the image of the pieta. Buikema argues that the image pictorially stages a confrontation between east and west, and owes its affective power to the similarities with and difference from christian depictions of the virgin mother.
Global risk from the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides by nuclear power plant accidents in the coming decades
Authors: Christoudias T. , Proestos Y. , Lelieveld J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. We estimate the global risk from the release and atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides from nuclear power plant accidents using the EMAC atmospheric chemistry–general circulation model. We included all nuclear reactors that are currently operational, under construction and planned or proposed. We implemented constant continuous emissions from each location in the model and simulated atmospheric transport and removal via dry and wet deposition processes over 20 years (2010–2030), driven by boundary conditions based on the IPCC A2 future emissions scenario. We present global overall and seasonal risk maps for potential surface layer concentrations and ground deposition of radionuclides, and estimate potential doses to humans from inhalation and ground-deposition exposures to radionuclides. We find that the risk of harmful doses due to inhalation is typically highest in the Northern Hemisphere during boreal winter, due to relatively shallow boundary layer development and limited mixing. Based on the continued operation of the current nuclear power plants, we calculate that the risk of radioactive contamination to the citizens of the USA will remain to be highest worldwide, followed by India and France. By including stations under construction and those that are planned and proposed, our results suggest that the risk will become highest in China, followed by India and the USA.
Large mixing ratios of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) at Concordia (East Antarctic plateau) in summer: a strong source from surface snow?
Authors: Legrand M. , Preunkert S. , Frey M. , Bartels-Rausch T. , Kukui A. , King M. D. , Savarino J. , Kerbrat M. , Jourdain B.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. During the austral summer 2011/2012 atmospheric nitrous acid was investigated for the second time at the Concordia site (75°06' S, 123°33' E) located on the East Antarctic plateau by deploying a long path absorption photometer (LOPAP). Hourly mixing ratios of HONO measured in December 2011/January 2012 (35 ± 5.0 pptv) were similar to those measured in December 2010/January 2011 (30.4 ± 3.5 pptv). The large value of the HONO mixing ratio at the remote Concordia site suggests a local source of HONO in addition to weak production from oxidation of NO by the OH radical. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that surface snow removed from Concordia can produce gas phase HONO at mixing ratios half that of NOx mixing ratio produced in the same experiment at typical temperatures encountered at Concordia in summer. Using these lab data and the emission flux of NOx from snow estimated from the vertical gradient of atmospheric concentrations measured during the campaign, a mean diurnal HONO snow emission ranging between 0.5 and 0.8 × 109 molecules cm−2 s−1 is calculated. Model calculations indicate that, in addition to around 1.2 pptv of HONO produced by the NO oxidation, these HONO snow emissions can only explain 6.5 to 10.5 pptv of HONO in the atmosphere at Concordia. To explain the difference between observed and simulated HONO mixing ratios, tests were done both in the field and at lab to explore the possibility that the presence of HNO4 had biased the measurements of HONO.
Characterization and mitigation of water vapor effects in the measurement of ozone by chemiluminescence with nitric oxide
Authors: Boylan P. , Helmig D. , Park J.-H.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water vapor on the reaction of nitric oxide with ozone in a gas-phase chemiluminescence instrument used for fast response and high sensitivity detection of atmospheric ozone. Water vapor was introduced into a constant level ozone standard and both ozone and water vapor signals were recorded at 10 Hz. The presence of water vapor was found to reduce, i.e. quench, the ozone signal. A dimensionless correction factor was determined to be 4.15 ± 0.14 × 10−3, which corresponds to a 4.15% increase in the corrected ozone signal per 10 mmol mol−1 of co-sampled water vapor. An ozone-inert water vapor permeable membrane (a Nafion dryer with a counterflow of dry air from a compressed gas cylinder) was installed in the sampling line and was shown to remove the bulk of the water vapor in the sample air. At water vapor mole fractions above 25 mmol mol−1, the Nafion dryer removed over 75% of the water vapor in the sample. This reduced the required ozone signal correction from over 11% to less than 2.5%. The Nafion dryer was highly effective at reducing the fast fluctuations of the water vapor signal (more than 97%) while leaving the ozone signal unaffected, which is a crucial improvement for minimizing the quenching interference of water vapor fluxes and required density correction in the determination of ozone fluxes by the eddy covariance technique.
An operational forecasting system for the meteorological and marine conditions in Mediterranean regional and coastal areas
Authors: Casaioli M. , Catini F. , Inghilesi R. , Lanucara P. , Malguzzi P. , Mariani S. , Orasi A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The coupling of a suite of meteorological limited area models with a wave prediction system based on the nesting of different wave models provides for medium-range sea state forecasts at the Mediterranean, regional and coastal scale. The new system has been operational at ISPRA since September 2012, after the upgrade of both the meteorological BOLAM model and large-scale marine components of the original SIMM forecasting system and the implementation of the new regional and coastal (WAM-SWAN coupling) chain of models. The coastal system is composed of nine regional-scale high-resolution grids, covering all Italian seas and six coastal grids at very high resolution, capable of accounting for the effects of the interaction between the incoming waves and the bathymetry. A preliminary analysis of the performance of the system is discussed here focusing on the ability of the system to simulate the mean features of the wave climate at the regional and sub-regional scale. The results refer to two different verification studies. The first is the comparison of the directional distribution of almost one year of wave forecasts against the known wave climate in northwestern Sardinia and central Adriatic Sea. The second is a sensitivity test on the effect on wave forecasts of the spatial resolution of the wind forcing, being the comparison between wave forecast and buoy data at two locations in the northern Adriatic and Ligurian Sea during several storm episodes in the period autumn 2012–winter 2013.
Rapid acidification of mode and intermediate waters in the southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Salt L. A. , van Heuven S. M. A. C. , Claus M. E. , Jones E. M. , de Baar H. J. W.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Observations along the southwest Atlantic WOCE A17 line made during the Dutch GEOTRACES-NL program (2010–2011) were compared with historical data from 1994 to quantify the changes in the anthropogenic component of the total pool of dissolved inorganic carbon (ΔCant). Application of the extended Multi Linear Regression (eMLR) method shows that the ΔCant from 1994 to 2011 has largely remained confined to the upper 1000 dbar. The greatest changes occur in the upper 200 dbar in the SubAntarctic Zone (SAZ), where a maximum increase of 37 μmol kg−1 is found. South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) experienced the highest rate of increase in Cant, at 0.99 ± 0.14 μmol kg−1 yr−1, resulting in a rate of decrease in pH of −0.0016 yr−1. The highest rates of acidification relative to ΔCant, however, were found in SubAntarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). The low buffering capacity of SAMW and AAIW combined with their relatively high rates of Cant increase of 0.53 ± 0.11 μmol kg−1 yr−1 and 0.36 ± 0.06 μmol kg−1 yr−1, respectively, will lead to rapid acidification in the SAZ and simultaneously reduce the chemical buffering capacity of this significant CO2 sink.
Effects of vegetation structure on biomass accumulation in a Balanced Optimality Structure Vegetation Model (BOSVM v1.0)
Authors: Yin Z. , Dekker S. C. , van den Hurk B. J. J. M. , Dijkstra H. A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. A myriad of interactions exist between vegetation and local climate for arid and semi-arid regions. Vegetation function, structure and individual behavior have large impacts on carbon–water–energy balances, which consequently influence local climate variability that, in turn, feeds back to the vegetation. In this study, a conceptual vegetation structure scheme is formulated and tested in the new Balanced Optimality Structure Vegetation Model (BOSVM) to explore the importance of vegetation structure and vegetation adaptation to water stress on equilibrium biomass states. Surface energy, water and carbon fluxes are simulated for a range of vegetation structures across a precipitation gradient in West Africa and optimal vegetation structures that maximize biomass for each precipitation regime are determined. Two different strategies of vegetation adaptation to water stress are included. Under dry conditions vegetation tries to maximize the water use efficiency and leaf area index as it tries to maximize carbon gain. However, a negative feedback mechanism in the vegetation–soil water system is found as the vegetation also tries to minimize its cover to optimize the surrounding bare ground area from which water can be extracted, thereby forming patches of vertical vegetation. Under larger precipitation, a positive feedback mechanism is found in which vegetation tries to maximize its cover as it then can reduce water loss from bare soil while having maximum carbon gain due to a large leaf area index. The competition between vegetation and bare soil determines a transition between a "survival" state to a "growing" state.
Orientation dependent glacial changes at the Tibetan Plateau derived from 2003–2009 ICESat laser altimetry
Authors: Phan V. H. , Lindenbergh R. C. , Menenti M.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Monitoring glacier changes is essential for estimating the water mass balance of the Tibetan Plateau. Recent research indicated that glaciers at individual regions on the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings are shrinking and thinning during the last decades. Studies considering large regions often ignored however impact of locally varying weather conditions and terrain characteristics on glacial evolution, due to orographic precipitation and variation in solar radiation. Our hypothesis is therefore that adjacent glaciers of opposite orientation change in a different way. In this study, we exploit ICESat laser altimetry data in combination with the SRTM DEM and the GLIMS glacier mask to estimate glacial vertical change trends between 2003 and 2009 on the whole Tibetan Plateau. Considering acquisition conditions of ICESat measurements and terrain surface characteristics, annual glacial elevation trends were estimated for 15 different settings. In the final setting, we only include ICESat elevations acquired over terrain that has a slope of below 20° and a roughness at the footprint scale of below 15 m. Within this setting, 90 glacial areas could be distinguished. The results show that most of observed glacial areas on the Tibetan Plateau are thinning, except for notably glaciers in the Northwest. In general, glacial elevations on the whole Tibetan Plateau decreased at an average rate of −0.17 ± 0.47 m per year (m a−1) between 2003 and 2009, but note that the size, distribution, and representativeness of the observed glacial areas are not taken into account. Moreover, the results show that glacial elevation changes indeed strongly depend on the relative position in a mountain range.
Adaptable web modules to stimulate active learning in engineering hydrology using data and model simulations
Authors: Habib Emad , Bodin Madeleine , Meselhe Ehab , Tarboton David , Lall Upmanu , Baron David
Published: May 2014

The overall goal of this study is to contribute to the advancement of hydrologic education as a multi-faceted discipline. The specific objectives are to deliver visual, case-based, data and simulation driven learning experiences to instructors and students through open source web technologies and community based data and modeling sources. The approach is to use three different regional-scale natural hydrologic systems as educational “observatories” and have the learning experiences embedded within. These hydro-systems (Coastal Louisiana, Florida Everglades, and Utah Great Salt Lake Basin) provide a wealth of hydrologic concepts and scenarios that can be used in many curricula. Several student-centered learning modules are currently under development along with an instructional interface to guide and support the learner and the instructor. The developments also include an instructor's guide containing adaptation and implementation procedures. The web-based modules are intended to be applicable in a wide range of courses, in different programs within institutions, as well as at different levels within the same program. Independent users will test the system to obtain feedback for necessary revisions and enhance the adaptability of the project.