bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Metode Diskusi Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Peserta Didik di Kelas I SDN 58/X Teluk Majelis Semester Ganjil Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Rosianty Rosianty
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe and obtain information on improving Indonesian language learning outcomes through the discussion method. This research is a classroom action research consisting of two cycles, each cycle consisting of two meetings. Each meeting consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were the first grade students of SDN 58/X Teluk Majelis, totaling 21 people. This research was conducted in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. Data collection techniques using tests, observations, and documentation. Data were analyzed using percentages. The results of the study indicate that the discussion method can improve the learning outcomes of first grade Indonesian students at SDN 58/X Teluk Majelis by giving rewards.
УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ СКОРОСТИГЛИХ СОРТІВ СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД НОРМИ ВИСІВУ НАСІННЯ
Authors: Міленко О. Г. , Антонець М. О. , Копань Д. В. , Добровольський С. О. , Лукіна А. Р.
Published: February 2022

Одним із стратегічних питань розвитку аграрного сектору та економіки України загалом є розширення посівних площ, збільшення рівня урожайності, нарощування обсягів виробництва та підвищення його економічної ефективності для основної зернобобової культури світового землеробства – сої (Glycine max). Об’єми виробництва зерна цієї культури на світовому рівні стрімко зростають, від продуктів харчування, виготовлених із сої значно залежить продовольча безпека цивілізації. До того ж зі збільшенням площ посіву сої та розширенням асортименту сортів важливого значення набуває наукове обґрунтування і розробка елементів технології вирощування сортів цієї культури. Метою досліджень було вивчити особливості росту і розвитку та закономірності формування врожаю скоростиглих сортів сої за умови сівби з різними нормами висіву насіння. Наукові дослідження проводили упродовж 2019–2021 рр. Об’єктом досліджень були сорти скоростиглої групи: ЕС Командор, Самородок та Ранок. У польовому досліді сорти сої сіяли з такими нормами висіву насіння: 700 тис./га; 800 тис./га; 900 тис./га та 1 млн./га. Спосіб сівби звичайний рядковий. Згідно з нашими дослідженнями встановлено, що на продуктивність рослин впливали властивості сорту та норма висіву насіння. Максимальна продуктивність рослин була на варіантах з нормою висіву насіння 700 тис./га. Найкращі погодні умови для розвитку скоростиглих сортів сої були 2019 року, а, відповідно, і рівень урожайності цього року був максимальним порівняно з 2020 та 2021 роками. У середньому за роками досліджень встановлено, що підвищення норми висіву насіння з 700 до 900 тис./га впливало на збільшення врожайності від 2,05 до 2,44 т/га. Однак подальше підвищення норми висіву насіння до 1 млн/га призводило до зменшення рівня врожайності. Серед досліджуваних сортів максимальну врожайність 2,59 т/га отримано у посівах сорту Самородок. За результатами розрахунків економічної ефективності вирощування скоростиглих сортів сої залежно від норми висіву насіння отримали найвищий рівень рентабельності виробництва 126,22 % у варіанті сорту Самородок, що сіяли з нормою висіву насіння 900 тис./га. Для виробничих умов зони Центрального Лісостепу рекомендовано вирощувати сою скоростиглого сорту Самородок з нормою висіву насіння 900 тис./га.
БІОЛОГІЧНІ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ SAMBUCUS NIGRA В УМОВАХ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ПРИДНІПРОВ’Я
Authors: Федько Р. М. , Антонець М. О. , Антонець О. А. , Віблий О. М.
Published: February 2022

Введення в культуру малопоширених плодово-ягідних рослин пов’язане із необхідністю підвищення лікувально-дієтичних якостей продукції садівництва. Нетрадиційні плодові рослини містять велику кількість біологічно активних речовин з антиоксидантною активністю. Це актуально у часи пандемії COVID-19. Серед таких рослин у лікарському рослинництві України стратегічне значення має розповсюдження бузини чорної. Білі та запашні квіти бузини, молоді пагони, свіже листя, ягоди широко застосовуються у фітомедицині. У природніх умовах ця рослина відома як чагарниковий вид. Тому її варто розглядати як перспективну культуру у формуванні полезахисних лісових насаджень. Метою досліджень є вивчення біологічних та екологічних особливостей модельних зразків бузини чорної у природних умовах Лівобережного Придніпров’я. Дослідження проводилися у 2021 році на території дендропарку Дослідної станції лікарських рослин Інституту агроекології і природокористування Національної академії аграрних наук України. Серед загальної кількості рослин було обрано п’ять модельних зразків 5–6-річного віку, що розпочали інтенсивно генерувати та зростають в різних умовах освітлення. Для збору сировини бузини чорної важливим чинником є її фізична доступність. Тому було проведене оцінювання біологічної та технологічної урожайності суцвіть та плодів. Для цього крона була умовно поділена на три технологічні яруси. Отже, було встановлено вплив освітлення на морфологічні ознаки і продуктивність модельних рослин 5-6 річного віку. Перший і другий модельні зразки бузини при освітленні 90000–130000 лк мали найкращі показники по висоті рослин, діаметру проекції крони і за продуктивністю. Вивчаючи динаміку формування генеративних органів у межах технічних ярусів за період квітування і зав’язування плодів, зазначено найбільшу кількість сформованих суцвіть на другому і третьому технологічних ярусах серед усіх модельних зразків. При цьому найбільша кількість суцвіть і суплідь сформувалася у першого і другого модельних зразків. Для аналітичної селекції пропонуються рослини, що зростають на освітлених місцях і мають високі показники щодо формування генеративних органів. Цей вихідний матеріал бузини чорної можна рекомендувати для насіннєвого та вегетативного розмноження.
ПОВЕДІНКА ЛАКТУЮЧИХ КОРІВ ЗА БЕЗПРИВ’ЯЗНО-БОКСОВОГО ВЕЛИКОГРУПОВОГО УТРИМАННЯ ТА ДІЇ ВИСОКОЇ ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ ПОВІТРЯ
Authors: Захаренко М. О. , Хоценко А. В. , Ващенко П. А. , Шостя А. М. , Поліщук А. А. , Усенко С. О. , Шаферівський Б. С.
Published: February 2022

У статті описано елементи поведінки та молочної продуктивності корів голштинської породи зарубіжної селекції під впливом високих температур повітря за безприв’язного способу утримання в корівниках каркасного типу з металоконструкцій 316 х 38 х 11 м на 250 голів у секції. Клітка призначена для одночасного утримання 1000 лактаційних корів, обладнана боксами для відпочинку, годівницями та груповими напувалками з вільним доступом тварин до корму та води. Доїння корів тричі з використанням установки «Паралель» (De Laval). Встановлено, що температура повітря та технологічні операції, такі як роздача корму та доїння, впливають на поведінку високопродуктивних лактаційних корів. Встановлено, що вплив високої температури повітря на лактаційних корів при утриманні корів в металевих конструкціях впливає на споживання води, тривалість відпочинку тварин лежачи і особливо стоячи, погіршує споживання корму. Отримані дані щодо залежності температури повітря корівника від зовнішнього умов можна пояснити вільним повітрообміном між внутрішнім і зовнішнім середовищем, який здійснюється через бічні завіси та ворота. Це підтверджується показником відносної вологості, значення якого також залежало від параметрів зовнішнього повітря. Встановлено, що відносна вологість повітря у першому корівнику з 9 до 18 години вечора знизилася з 78,3 до 53,3 %, а також знижувалась вологість зовнішнього повітря, де її значення також коливалося від 71,3 до 51,3 %. Подібну закономірність виявлено для відносної вологості повітря у другому корівнику, значення якої за вказаний період зменшилось з 69,3 до 56,3 %. Швидкість руху повітря, яка була в межах норми в обох корівниках, найменше залежала від впливу зовнішніх факторів. Отже, на основі проведених досліджень можна зробити висновок про залежність температурно-вологісного режиму повітря в корівниках каркасного типу з металевих конструкцій від параметрів зовнішнього повітря. Отримані дані необхідно враховувати при високих температурах як зовнішнього, так і внутрішнього повітря, що негативно впливає на поведінку, фізіологічні процеси та молочну продуктивність корів.
ОКРЕМІ АСПЕКТИ ДІАГНОСТИКИ І ЛІКУВАННЯ У СОБАК АЛОПЕЦІЇ Х
Authors: Омельченко Г. О. , Авраменко Н. О. , Волосовець В. Ю. , Волосовець Н. Ю. , Гоголь О. М.
Published: February 2022

Алопеція X – захворювання собак недастатньо вивченої етіології, що характеризується симетричною незапальною алопецією без ознак свербежу, яка вражає голову та дистальні відділи кінцівок. Зважаючи на значне поширення зазначеної патології в різних країнах світу, зокрема і в Україні, важливим є вивчення окремих аспектів цієї хвороби у дрібних декоративних собак на території нашої держави. Метою роботи було вивчити особливості діагностики та терапевтичну ефективність різних схем лікування у разі появи алопеції Х у собак в умовах ветеринарної клініки «Зооветцентр», м. Шостки Сумської області. З метою встановлення діагнозу використано лабораторний метод діагностики – трихоскопію, який дав змогу встановити зміни у стадії росту волосся. Проведене лабораторне дослідження зразків сприяло виявленню стадії спокою волосяного фолікула (телоген), при цьому візуально корінь волосся втрачав пігмент, проксимально звужувався і набував вигляду «спису». Окрім того досліджено кров хворих тварин. При клінічному і біохімічному аналізах крові виявили незначне збільшення аланінамінотрансферази (АЛТ) (77,4±0,65 МО / л) та сечовини (13,05±0,37 ммоль / л). Для лікування в умовах клініки використано дві схеми. Перша схема включала застосування хворим тваринам препарату мелатонін (Melatonin, Bioveta) шляхом орального введення. Згідно з іншою схемою другій дослідній групі тварин застосовано мікроголкову терапію з використанням дермаролера для відновлення росту волосяного покриву. Встановлено, що застосування з лікувальною метою препарату мелатонін (Melatonin, Bioveta) частково відновило зростання волосяного покриву 50 % собак (6 із 12), за такої умови у 20 % спостерігали повне відновлення шерстного покриву через 8 місяців терапії. До того ж на фоні лікувальних заходів у дослідних тварин першої групи виявляли понад 52 % волосся у стадії анагену. Тоді як у 30 % собак ріст волосяного покриву попри застосування терапевтичних маніпуляцій так і не відновився. Застосування дермаролеру як засобу мікрогольчастої терапії дозволило відновити ріст волосся в 68 % випадків.
Factors Influencing Brand Switching Behaviour on Telecommunication Industry in Nepal
Authors: Manandhar Raju Bhai
Published: February 2022

Consumer switching behaviour is the process showed by a consumer, behaving differently to particular brand and alteration in the preference of existing product or service. Brand switching occurs when a consumer switches their allegiance from one brand of certain type of product to another brand. In the general, consumer satisfaction is found to be the most common factor responsible for consumer’s switching action. The main purpose of the study is to explore the factors influencing the brand switching behaviour on the telecommunication industry in Nepal. The study is based on the descriptive research design. The sample selected for the study is on the basis of judgmental and convenience sampling. The survey questionnaire is designed to generate the primary data. Those participants were only included for the questionnaire survey who have sufficient time and are willing to participate. A structured questionnaire was administered to 60 customers of telecommunication industry in Nepal. The statistical tools used in this study to analyze the data. As per the result of ranking question, service quality was ranked most important influencing factor for brand switching, competitive offers were ranked second important factor, while price was ranked comparatively less important factor among the three. The study has included limited variables whereas other factors such as switching cost, brand image, transparency, etc. have also impact on the brand switching behaviour so future researcher can study including these variables among the larger sample size to get more realistic result in brand switching behaviour.
Female Violence and the Force of Trauma in “The City of Sorrow”
Authors: Chhetry Tek Bahadur , Kandel Tika Ram
Published: February 2022

The focus of this study is on the area of traumatic affect. Intizar Hussain represents female violence and displacement during India’s partition in neutral way keeping identity politics away. Such a study is important to observe trauma literature in the light of pure affect and critically evaluate the trauma literatures which are found to have been valorizing one side and demonizing others for the vested interest. The research approach adopted in this study includes literature review of women violence during the partition and a brief comparison of ‘The City of Sorrow ‘with ‘Train to Pakistan’ to identity two different approaches of representing trauma. The findings from this study provide an insight on pure affect evoked by Hussain. The conclusion drawn from this study sheds light on how the hatred and the violence create the vicious circle of trauma and the chain can be minimized in trauma art by ‘moral working through’, keeping identity politics at bay.
Dynamic Contraflow with Orientation Dependent Transit Times Allowing Intermediate Storage
Authors: Khanal Durga Prasad , Pyakurel Urmila , Dempe Stephan
Published: February 2022

Contraflow is one of the best and widely accepted techniques in evacuation planning problems, where the reversal of arcs is made to increase the amount and decrease the time of ow transmission. At the time of evacuation, if the flow value leaving the source node exceeds the bottleneck capacity of the network, then the storage of excess flow at comparatively safer intermediate nodes can be a milestone to save the life of evacuees. In this paper, we introduce the maximum dynamic contraflow problem in a general network and earliest arrival contraflow problem in two-terminal series-parallel network with asymmetric transit times on anti-parallel arcs. We present polynomial time solution strategies with orientation dependent transit times by allowing the storage of flow at intermediate nodes.
Degree of Approximation of Signals by Norlund Summability of Derived Fourier series
Authors: Sahani Suresh Kumar , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan
Published: February 2022

In this research work, we have introduced generalized Nörlund summability of derived Fourier series and its conjugate series and utilized it to several summability method. Further, a set of new and well known arbitrary result have been obtained by using main theorem. Considering suitable conditions a previous result has been obtained, which validates the current findings.
OBTAINING OF HYDROXYAPATITE COATINGS ON A TITANIUM SUBSTRATE BY DETONATION-GAS SPRAYING
Authors:   1Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan, Rakhadilov B.K.
Published: February 2022

The article considers research results of the formation process of a hydroxyapatite coating on a titanium substrate during detonation spraying. Powders for sputtering and obtained coatings of hydroxyapatite were studied by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray structural analysis. It was determined that the appearance of α-tricalcium phosphatephase is characteristic of a pure hydroxyapatite coating obtained by detonation spraying. Still, the hydroxyapatite phase is retained in the coating composition. Results obtained by Raman spectroscopy indicate that hydroxyapatite is the main phase in coatings. The morphology of the sprayed coatings was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, and the coatings elemental composition analysis was obtained using an energy-dispersive spectrometer detector. Energydispersive spectrometer analysis showed that the elemental composition of the obtained coatings is similar to the elemental composition of the initial powder, which is very important for preserving the coatings services life.
STUDY OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN FERROELECTRICS BASED ON CALCIUM TITANATE.
Authors:   Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Kazakhstan Republic of, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kozlovskiy A.L.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this work is to study phase transformations kinetics in ferroelectrics based on calcium titanate. The relevance of this study is in the assessment of new methods for obtaining complex phase composition ferroelectrics, which have the potential for application in microelectronics, photocatalysis, and power engineering. The methods of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used as the main methods of analysis. Analysis of morphological features made it possible to establish the kinetics of changes not only in grain sizes, but also in their geometry. During the studies of phase transformations, the following dependence of the TiO2 – anatase/CaTi2O4 → TiO2– anatase /CaTi2O4/CaTiO3 → CaTiO3/TiO2 – rutile type was established depending on the annealing temperature. At the same time, at a temperature of 1000°C, a stable structure of ceramic with a perovskite-like structure of the CaTiO3 type and a high structural ordering degree (more than 92%) is formed.
POWER-GENERATING FUEL BASED ON THE PROCESSING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE ORGANIC COMPONENTS
Authors:   Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after Gumarbek Daukeev, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Temirbekova M.N.
Published: February 2022

The article considers effective technologies for processing the organic fraction of solid waste, involving the use of various approaches with the concept of preserving the ecology of the environment. Biomass cannot be simply collected and burned, the authors suggest using an effective method of its processing, which will allow fuel from it. To obtain energy, biomass can be used to produce biogas or liquid biofuels using various technological processes, for example, by fermentation. They, in turn, can be converted into electricity and heat, through combustion or the creation of fuel cells or used as fuel for motor vehicles. The purpose of this article is to use alternative methods, such as pretreatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, ethanol fermentation with alcohol yeast, and anaerobic digestion are attracting increased attention. Using these methods, a liquid with alcohol-containing substances has been obtained from 1.5 kg of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, in which the percentage of ethyl alcohol was 97.5%. Therefore, organic municipal solid waste can be a promising source of fuel in modern energy.
HEAT-RESISTANT COMPOSITE COATING WITH A FLUIDIZED BED OF THE UNDER-REACTOR MELT TRAP OF A LIGHT-WATER NUCLEAR REACTOR
Authors:   Institute of Atomic Energy, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan, Bekmuldin М.K.
Published: February 2022

The paper is devoted to the analysis of existing options of under-reactor melt traps, designs and disadvantages of these traps. A variation of its own under-reactor melt trap with a heat-resistant composite coating with a fluidized bed is proposed. The description of facility for experimental studies of the heat-resistant composite coating with the fluidized bed is presented. The results of a thermal calculation of the variation of the under-reactor trap with fluidized bed melt are presented. Thermal calculations showed that an increase in the average temperature of the melt is less intense in the model of an under-reactor trap with a fluidized bed, due to heat removal from the corium to the metal to complete the phase transition.
TACHYONIZATION COSMOLOGICAL MODEL IN THE FRAMEWORK OF LINEAR FORM-INVARIANCE TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Razina О.V.
Published: February 2022

This work dedicated to the investigation cosmological models based on tachyon field. It was showed that Einstein’s field equations for spatially flat, homogeneous and isotropic Friedman-Robertson-Walker space-time have form-invariance of symmetry, obtained by form-invariance of transformations. The form-invariance of transformations is specified in the general case by the linear function 𝜌̅= 𝑛 2𝜌, and in particular, we investigate for 𝑛 = −1. The tachyonization of the cosmological model was made for the entire range of values of the barotropic index 𝛾. For the power-law function of the scale factor, a method for obtaining the potential and the function of the tachyon field was shown. The resulting potential is equivalent to the potential used in string theory.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE CHANGE IN THE APPLIED POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE ON THE PROPERTIES OF CdSe: Ni THIN FILMS
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Shlimas D.
Published: February 2022

This work is devoted to the study of the efficiency of using the effect of nickel doping of thin films based on CdSe with the possibility of varying the structural and optical properties due to a change in the phase composition of the films. The method of electrochemical reduction of metal ions from aqueous solutions of electrolytes was chosen as a method for obtaining films. The variation of the applied potential difference was used to produce films with different characteristics. To characterize the properties and dynamics of their changes, methods of atomic force microscopy, energy dispersion analysis and X-ray diffraction were chosen. The strength mechanical properties of the films were studied using the indentation method. During experiments conducted dependencies of changes of structural, optical, strength characteristics of synthesized films depending on production conditions are obtained. Photocatalytic tests to determine the rate and efficiency of decomposition of the Rodamine B organic dye showed that films in the composition of which the NiSe phase prevails have the greatest potential for use as photocatalysts.
THE HARDNESS OF HIGH-ENTROPY COATINGS OBTAINED BY THE METHOD OF MECHANICAL ALLOYING
Authors:   E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Yurov V.M.
Published: February 2022

The article shows that the hardness of most stainless steels is 2-3 times less than high-entropy coatings, which shows the prospect of their use as parts of various industrial structures. Microhardness of metallic glasses, which have a defect-free base, and do not differ from high-entropy coatings. In the article, an equation is obtained that shows that the destruction of the coating is proportional to the surface energy and inversely proportional to the Gibbs energy. For stainless steels, the surface energy is about the same as for high-entropy coatings. The Gibbs energy of high-entropy coatings is 2 times higher than that of stainless steels, which leads to a high hardness of high-entropy coatings, which is observed experimentally.
THE INITIAL COMPOSITION AS AN ADDITIONAL PARAMETER DETERMINING THE MELTING BEHAVIOUR OF NANOPARTICLES (A CASE STUDY ON Six-Ge1-x ALLOYS)
Authors:   G.A. Razuvaev institute of organometallic chemistry, Russian Academy of sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Shishulin A.V.
Published: February 2022

Being the basis of modern electronics, silicon-germanium semiconductor alloys are widely used in a great number of fields. In this paper, the phase equilibria in Si-Ge nanoparticles have been simulated using a thermodynamical approach. Calculations show that nanoparticles of different diameters and compositions have unique sets of nanoscale liquidus and solidus temperatures which differ significantly from the reference data for the bulk alloy, and the range between nanoscale liquidus and nanoscale solidus temperatures narrows with reducing the particle size. Unlike bulk alloys, the compositions of co-existing liquid and solid phases at different temperatures dramatically differ in nanoparticles with various Si contents while the dependences of equilibrium phase compositions and volume fractions of co-existing phases on particle diameters have turned out to be different at various temperatures and atomic fractions of Si in a nanoparticle. A thermo-dynamical interpretation of the obtained results has also been given based on several mechanisms of lowering the free energy of the system.
CONTROL OF STARTING MODES OF AN APRON CONVEYOR MULTI-MOTOR ELECTRIC DRIVE
Authors:   O.A. Baikonurov Zhezkazgan University, Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan, Кеlisbekov А.К.
Published: February 2022

The practice of operating an apron conveyor at mining enterprises has shown that, due to their design features, they can be successfully applied in various industries for transporting a wide range of goods. Starting a multi-drive chain conveyor of large length is a rather difficult task, since this process can be accompanied by excessive relaxation of the traction body. Especially unfavorable are the conditions for starting an apron conveyor, the belt of which has sagging sections, as a result of which the rigidity of the working body, which is a function of its tension and load on it, is relatively small. In this regard, ensuring a smooth start of a multi-motor chain conveyor is an important practical task and is undoubtedly relevant for managing and maintaining a workable dynamic state of the main an apron conveyor structure operated in difficult mining and geological conditions.A method of controlling the starting mode of a multi-motor electric drive operation of an apron conveyor to ensure its smooth start and to reduce dynamic loads, to increase the service life of the traction belt and to reduce maintenance costs was developed.
ELLIPTICALLY POLARIZED LASER-ASSISTED ELASTIC ELECTRONHYDROGEN ATOM COLLISION IN COULOMB POTENTIAL
Authors:   Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur-44700, Nepal, Yadav K.
Published: February 2022

The advancement of laser technology is causing the research field of optics to become more active, and with the help of advancementof technology, more detailed information can be obtained. The primary goal of this work is to calculate differential cross section by using a mathematical model in presence of coulomb potential and elliptically polarized beam with single photon absorption. The developed model shows the differential cross section increases with wavelength and decreases with electron energy with elliptically polarized beam. The differential cross section become maximum at 1.56 radian polarized angle and minimum at -1.56 radian polarized angle. The observation is based on 1.5eV laser photon energy, laser field intensity 1014Wcm−2 , polarized angle 1.56 radian angle, and electron energy 0 to 600eV. Using the born first approximation and the Volkov wave function, the developed equation is obtained. The numerically obtained differential crosssection in this work is approximately 10 −19𝑚2 to 10 −20𝑚2 , which is less than the differential cross section obtained by Flegel et al. (2013), which is approximately 10 −17𝑚2 .
INVARIANT RELATIVISTIC THEORY OF IDEAL GAS
Authors:   Bukhara Engineering Technological Institute, Uzbekistan, Bukhara, Zhumaev M.R.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop an original theory of a relativistic ideal gas and to prove the validity of the postulate of the special theory of relativity for the characteristic (i.e., arithmetic mean, root-mean-square) velocities of particles of a relativistic ideal gas even in the massless limit. In this work, the following original methods are used for the first time in the theory of a relativistic ideal gas: the method of nonlinear transformation to prove of the distribution function to find the distribution function of the velocities of particles of a relativistic ideal gas; the equation of state of a relativistic ideal gas was first obtained by averaging the relativistic - invariant components of the energy - momentum tensor of a system of noninteracting particles, i.e. ideal gas by the distribution function of the velocities of their particles. The uniqueness and definiteness of the distribution function of the velocities of the particles of a relativistic ideal gas are proved on the basis of the well-known relativistic invariance of the distribution function. For the first time, expressions were obtained for the arithmetic mean and mean square velocities of particles of a relativistic ideal gas. For the first time, a fundamental conclusion is made about the validity of the postulates of the special theory of relativity for the characteristic velocities of particles of a relativistic ideal gas. An equation of state for a relativistic ideal gas is obtained, which relates its pressure, average energy density and temperature.
A Cycloalkanol from Derivatization Studies on Vanillin: Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Obtained Derivatives
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria, Oladimeji Olawale Hakeem
Published: February 2022

Background: Vanillin is a white monoclinic crystalline compound whose chemical nomenclature is p-hydroxy-m-methoxy benzaldehyde. It is a phenolic aldehyde with a pleasant flavor and popularly found in vanilla beans and roasted coffee amongst many other sources. It serves as in addition; it possesses antitumor and particularly antioxidant activity which formed the essence of this study. Objectives: The insidious presence of free oxygenated and nitrogen radicals in the human body has become a worrisome concern. These chemical species continue to plague the human cells, tissues and organs resulting in different pathophysiological conditions such as cancers and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease amongst many other ailments. The search for novel pharmacological compounds with the aim of curbing the rising incidence of these radicals led the choice of vanillin in this present study. Methodology: Vanillin was separately subjected to a series of derivatization reactions namely, acetylation, O-demethylation, reduction and oxidation. The melting points, refractive indices and optical rotations of the lead compound and derivatives were obtained. The antioxidant activities of the five compounds were determined using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate) test. Comparison of the obtained antioxidant activities was done to determine if any improvements could be seen in the derivatives. Results: The identities of the derivatives have been revealed to be vanillyl acetate (E-1) (acetyl derivative), 3, 4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde or protocatechui aldehyde (E-2) (demethylated derivative), o-methoxy-p-methyl cyclohexan-1-ol (J-1) (reduced derivative) and vanillic acid (J-2) (oxidized derivative) respectively using the IR spectral technique. Vanillin, E-2 and J-2 derivatives gave marginal antioxidant activity of IC50 of 0.81, 0.84 and 0.0.85 µg/mL respectively while J-1 and E-1 demonstrated moderately significant IC50 of 0.59 and 0.63 µg/mL which compare favorably with 0.44 µg/mL elicited by Vitamin C (a standard antioxidant drug). It is pertinent to point out that the obtained reduced derivative is a substituted cycloalkanol (a saturated cyclic compound) instead of a substituted phenolic compound as was expected. Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that reduction and acetylation separately enhance the antioxidant activity of vanillin.
Phytonutrients and Technological Development in Formulations
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Nibha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajgir, Nalanda-803116, Bihar, India, Jahangir Mohammed Asadullah
Published: February 2022

Phytomedicines are used by humans since ancient civilizations and is now considered as an important part of traditional and alternative system of medicine. In recent time, phytomedicines have gained special attention based on the fact that a number of current medicines are derived from plant source. Phytochemicals exhibits lesser side effects and are potentially strong therapeutic agents. The global market for herbal drugs is increasing day by day. It has gained widespread acceptance due to its efficacy, accessibility, minimum toxicity, and cost effectiveness. However, solubility, stability and bioavailability are some of the major hindrances in the commercialization process of phytomedicines. Nanotechnology have been potentially productive in improving the solubility, stability, bioavailability, and bioactivity of phytomedicines. Development of nano-phytomedicines or attaching phytomedicines with polymers and modifying their surface properties and permeability have altogether influenced the bioavailability of phytochemicals. Novel formulations like solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, niosomes, dendrimers, nanotube, liposomes, nano-emulsions nanospheres, phytosomes etc. Have been developed loaded with phytomedicines and have shown extraordinary result. This chapter extensively reviews phytomedicines based novel drug delivery systems having potential activity in different diseases like metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, neurological disorders, viral diseases, cancers, inflammatory diseases and wound healing and lastly future prospect is discussed.
МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ щодо створення та функціонування репозитарію академічних текстів наукового закладу охорони здоров’я
Authors:   ДНУ «Науково-практичний центр профілактичної та клінічної медицини» ДУС, Дмитришин В.С.
Published: February 2022

Методичні рекомендації призначені для використання керівниками та співробітниками наукових і практичних закладів охорони здоров’я, з метою допомоги у створенні та функціонування в таких закладах репозитарію академічних текстів. Результатом застосування методичних рекомендацій може бути прийняття управлінських та технічних рішень щодо нормативного, організаційного, матеріально-технічного, кадрового та методичного забезпечення створення і діяльності Репозитарію в науковій установі охорони здоров’я та його інтеграцію в вітчизняну та міжнародну мережу аналогічних сховищ інформації, а також забезпечити контроль за дотриманням в наукові установі правил і норм академічної доброчесності та підвищення якості наукової продукції установи.
IMPROVEMENT OF VETERINARY SERVICES FOR EGG-PRODUCING POULTRY FARMS
Authors: Shastin P.
Published: February 2022

The directions of scientific improvement of veterinary service of poultry farms of egg direction, rationing of work of veterinary specialists are stated. Set rules-time veterinary technicians for maintenance of poultry farms to logistical, medical, veterinary-sanitary inspection, veterinary services, poultry farms of an egg direction.
ANALYSIS OF MARINE ACCIDENTS INVOLVING CONTAINER SHIPS
Authors: Konon N. , Pipchenko O.
Published: February 2022

The research presents the analysis of statistics of the marine accidents involving container vessels, based on 22 marine accident investigation reports covering the period from 2012 to 2019. The analysis is intended to become the basis for specifying the key factors which affect the underestimation of risk assessment in the course of navigation of container vessels. Although the existing negative experience is set out in the investigation reports, which contain “case studies” with recommended avoiding actions, the tendancy of maritime accidents and incidents persists. Marine casualties considered are classified as very serious and serious marine casualties according to IMO Circular MSC-MEPC.3/Circ.3 “Casualty-related matters. Reports on marine casualties and incidents”. In order to study the trend of factors leading to marine accidents, the root causes were divided into two groups: primary and secondary. The study looks at the likelihood of several types of accidents within the specified period, defining the collisions as the most prevalent. Based on the correlation of the results, one of the cases was selected to be described in detail. Possible preventive safety measures for the respective marine accidents have been considered, highlighting the vital role of situational awareness at all times. Keywords: container vessels, safety of navigation, serious marine accidents, situational awareness, collision.
Angioedèmes et médecine d’urgence
Authors: Javaud N. , Adnet F. , Fain O.
Published: February 2022

Les angioedèmes (AE) sont un motif de recours fréquent aux urgences. Leur morbimortalité n’est pas négligeable compte tenu de l’atteinte fréquente des voies aériennes supérieures. On distingue les AE histaminiques et bradykiniques. Aux urgences, la démarche diagnostique et la conduite à tenir doit être systématique et standardisée afin de ne pas méconnaître un potentiel AE bradykinique. Les AE histaminiques, accompagnés dans la plupart des cas d’une urticaire superficielle, sont de loin les plus fréquents et sont associés parfois à une anaphylaxie, ce qui nécessite alors un traitement par adrénaline immédiat. Ils peuvent être allergiques (médiés par les IgE) et sont alors associés à une anaphylaxie ou non allergiques, et se traduisent cliniquement par une urticaire aiguë ou chronique associée à l’AE. Les AE bradykiniques, d’incidence plus rare, sont également pourvoyeurs de recours aux urgences et particulièrement les AE secondaires aux inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine compte tenu de leur importante prescription et de leurs atteintes cliniques de la face, de la langue et du larynx, elles-mêmes pourvoyeuses de recours aux urgences. Les traitements spécifiques d’urgence comprennent principalement l’icatibant et le concentré de C1-inhibiteur. Ils doivent être administrés le plus tôt possible devant l’inefficacité des traitements antiallergiques. Un avis auprès d’un expert du centre de référence pour les AE à kinines peut améliorer les prises en charge en aidant à la démarche diagnostique et en organisant la mise à disposition des traitements spécifiques d’urgence.
Building Walls, Destroying Borderlands
Authors: Correa Jennifer G. , Simpson Joseph M.
Published: February 2022

Checkpoints, barriers, surveillance technologies, and military-police enforcement constitute the current stage of militarization on the United States–Mexico border. Previous literature in environmental sociology and United States–Mexico border studies overlooks how militarization ravages communities through its environmental disruptions. Our aim is to identify what we describe as repertoires of militarization used by the state to facilitate militarized buildup and exacerbate environmental degradation in the Texas Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV). We use ethnographic methods, document analysis, and participant observation to reveal three interrelated repertoires that threaten the environment and the peoples who inhabit it—a violation of international treaties, a waiving of environmental laws, and expansionary law enforcement powers.
Analyzing Grammatical Errors: A Case Study of Virtual University of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Rana Imran , Imran Muhammad , Shahzad Muhammad Waris
Published: February 2022

The current study investigated an overview of the grammatical errors committed by the students of Virtual University of Pakistan (VoU) particularly in the English courses. These students were mainly from the computer science and management sciences programs. However, the learners fail to concentrate on the grammatical errors, which are the important part of their writing skills. The researchers selected a stratified random sample of ninety-nine students through the random number technique by using T-Yamani's method of selecting a sample for descriptive cum statistical analysis from online creative writings in thousands of Graded Discussion Board (GDB). These GDBs are part of the internal exams system of VoU. The study points out the most common grammatical errors committed by the graduate and post-graduate students of the Virtual University of Pakistan and suggests some remedial measures to correct those errors. Moreover, the research also provides facilitation for the teachers and students for further research in this area.
Role of Mobile Learning in Enhancing Academic Achievement of Students at University Level
Authors: Shah Nazir Haider , Noor Aks E , Akhtar Muhammad
Published: February 2022

The main objective of the study was to investigate the role of mobile learning in enhancing the academic achievement of students at the university level. The current study was descriptive in nature, and a survey method was applied for the conduction of the study. The targeted population was all the students of the University of Kotli, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir. The researcher selected 353 university students as a sample of the study. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used as a research tool. Collected data were analyzed by using simple percentages, frequency, and mean scores. It is concluded that mobile technology enables students to engage in academic tasks, provides students with a unique learning experience; students collect information and research engines, engages students in computer and online learning. It is recommended that mobile learning can be improved by providing teacher training on behalf of university administrators for use in the process of teaching and learning.
The Impact of Communicative Language Teaching: A Study at University Level in Bahawalpur
Authors: Ilyas Shehla , Khaliq Abdul , Ahmad Rasheed
Published: February 2022

Communicative language teaching (CLT) stresses communication as a medium and as the mainobjective of language education, a multilingual and international language teaching method.Communication is also a way to teach foreign languages and stresses communication as a means andprimary language learning goal. The aim of the study is to explore the impact of communicativelanguage teaching of BS students. It also recognizes the reasons why there are no proficient speakersof the English language even after the use of the communicative teaching method (Rababah, 2002).Afive-point Likert scale was used in the questionnaires that were filled by 183 students of The IslamiaUniversity and GSC women university of Bahawalpur. The findings reveal that communicativelanguage teaching is the completely suitable and perfect strategy to be applied in classrooms whenteaching a second or foreign language. Due to certain factors, it is unable to produce proficientspeakers of the English language.
Use of Pre-Invitation Signaling Politeness: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Zaib Farah , Nawaz Shahid , Hussain Riaz
Published: February 2022

Better understanding in relationships can be achieved by applying pre-invitation and politeness strategies. The major focus of the current research was to explore the frequency and usage of pre-invitation in making polite utterances. Data for the current study was gathered from professional field people. The participants of the professional field were the 60 teachers of Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-jadeed campus). The questionnaire was devised by the researcher that was comprised of five-point Likert-Scale, close-ended items. Data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using a descriptive statistical technique with SPSS(V-20) against each statement. The study was delimitated on certain grounds, not taking unlettered people as a sample of the study. The data was gathered quantitatively via questionnaires. The result was found to be significant. The results showed that the majority of professional field people use pre-invitation in their daily discourses. Moreover, the frequent use of pre-invitation indicated that their basic purposes are; to show politeness and to save the face of each other as well. In the light of findings, some recommendations are proposed for future research.
Influence of temporal muscle thickness on the outcome of radiosurgically treated patients with brain metastases from non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cho Anna , Hennenberg Juliane , Untersteiner Helena , Hirschmann Dorian , Gatterbauer Brigitte , Zöchbauer-Müller Sabine , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Preusser Matthias , Rössler Karl , Dorfer Christian , Frischer Josa M. , Furtner Julia
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of temporal muscle thickness (TMT), a surrogate marker for sarcopenia, in radiosurgically treated patients with brain metastases (BMs) from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS

For 566 patients with BMs from NSCLC in the period between June 2012 and December 2019, TMT values were retrospectively measured on the planning brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that had been obtained before their first Gamma Knife radiosurgery treatment (GKRS1). Predefined sex-specific TMT cutoff values were used to stratify the study cohort into patients at risk for sarcopenia and patients with normal muscle status. Cox regression models adjusted for other prognostic parameters were used to evaluate sarcopenia as an independent prognostic factor.

RESULTS

In sarcopenia patients with a TMT below the sex-specific cutoff values, the risk of death was significantly increased (HR 1.908, 95% CI 1.550–2.349, p < 0.001). In addition, sarcopenia was revealed as an independent prognostic factor even after adjusting for age groups, sex, number of BMs, presence of extracranial metastases, NSCLC subtypes, Karnofsky Performance Status groups, recursive partitioning analysis classes, and concomitant immunotherapy or targeted therapy (HR 1.680, 95% CI 1.347–2.095, p < 0.001). However, patients at risk for sarcopenia showed no significant differences in the estimated mean time until local BM progression after GKRS1, compared to patients with normal muscle status (p = 0.639).

CONCLUSIONS

TMT obtained from planning MRI studies is an independent prognostic marker in radiosurgically treated patients with BMs from NSCLC and may aid patient stratification in future clinical trials.
Association of occlusion time with successful endovascular recanalization in patients with symptomatic chronic intracranial total occlusion
Authors: Yang Bo , Kang Kaijiang , Gao Feng , Mo Dapeng , Tong Xu , Song Ligang , Sun Xuan , Liu Lian , Huo Xiaochuan , Miao Zhongrong , Ma Ning
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Endovascular treatment is one of the choices for symptomatic chronic intracranial total occlusion (CITO); however, its safety and efficacy remain unclear. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety and long-term outcome of endovascular treatment for CITO at a high-volume stroke center.

METHODS

Data about patients with symptomatic CITO who received endovascular treatment were retrospectively collected. Technique success was regarded as ≤ 30% residual stenosis. Periprocedural complications within 30 days were used to evaluate safety. Baseline characteristics and lesion features were compared between patients with successful recanalization and those with recanalization failure. Stroke recurrence and in-stent restenosis (ISR) of the culprit arteries during follow-up were used to evaluate long-term efficacy.

RESULTS

From June 2012 to September 2019, 117 patients (mean ± SD age 55.8 ± 9.6 years) were included. The successful recanalization rate was 82.9% (97/117 patients). The combined rate of periprocedural stroke, myocardial infarction, and death was 8.5% (10/117). Compared with patients with successful recanalization, patients with recanalization failure had longer occlusion time and longer lesion length (27.0 mm vs 15.4 mm, p = 0.001). In the median 23.0-month clinical follow-up period, recurrent stroke occurred in 12.6% (11/87) of patients with successful recanalization. In the median 5-month imaging follow-up period, ISR was detected in 26.6% (21/79) of patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Endovascular treatment was relatively safe for patients with symptomatic CITO. Shorter occlusion time and shorter lesion length may be associated with higher recanalization rate. The rates of stroke recurrence and symptomatic ISR were acceptable but need to be confirmed in future studies.