bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Well-Being and Adaptation to the Risks of Digital World at a Young Age
Authors: Belinskaya Elena P. , Shaekhov Zabir D.
Published: September 2023

Background. Psychological well-being of a modern person is largely connected with his adaptation to the risks of the digital world. A review of modern studies into psychological consequences of everyday digitalization suggests that the latter affects all areas of the personality: motivational, cognitive, and affective ones, as well as the features of self-awareness. Objective. The task of the pilot study was to determine the possible relationships between the level of psychological well-being and the content of personal dispositions related to it (hardiness and dispositional optimism) with the features of adaptation to digital everyday life. Sample. The study was conducted on a youth sample of 131 people. The average age of respondents was 22.8 years (median age = 21), 118 females, 13 male respondents). Methods. The paper uses standardized scales of psychological well-being, resilience, dispositional optimism and a questionnaire specially designed for the purposes of the study aimed at identifying the level of psychological adaptation to digitalization, which included the scales of digital anxiety, behavioral, communicative and normative adaptation. Results. The check of reliability of the scales in the questionnaire of psychological adaptation to digitalization gave acceptable results. Indicators of digital anxiety are negatively associated with indicators of psychological well-being, resilience and dispositional optimism. Behavioral and normative adaptation to the risks of digital world are not associated with psychological well-being and dispositional optimism, though they do positively correlate with resilience. Indicators of communicative adaptation were not associated with any of the methods used. Conclusion. Modern youth have a developed repertoire of skills to ensure their own digital security and to organize a conscious information search, though at the same time they follow certain norms of virtual interaction that are consonant with social norms. However, this does not increase confidence in the ability to protect oneself and influence one's own digital everyday life, which explains the generally weak correlation of indicators of digital adaptation with psychological well-being, general resilience and dispositional optimism.
Development of students’ musical culture in their perception of Russian music of the 2nd half of the XXth century
Authors: Akishina Ekaterina M.
Published: September 2023

Background. New challenges of the time require the actualization of cultural codes that ensure the stability of Russian world. Special attention is to be paid to education of the younger generations as bearers of traditional Russian values. The appeal to national musical culture meets the priorities of the state policy, reflected in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 9, 2022 No. 809. Objective. The aim is to analyze the potential of Russian music of the 2nd half of the 20th century in introducing students to traditional Russian values and the peculiarities of its perception by modern schoolchildren. Results. The analysis of educational programmes and of the repertoire of music education in different types of educational organizations showed the need to introduce students to the national musical culture through perception of Russian music of the 2nd half of the 20th century. The educational potential of modern local musical works is revealed in the interiorization of traditional Russian values by students. Approaches to the design of programmes as well as to the selection of the repertoire for music education are developed. Conclusions. New challenges of the time create the need to update music education programmes in order to deepen students' acquaintance with the national musical culture. The perception of musical works should take place in both the historical and cultural and the modern context. Musical culture is a holistic phenomenon, a diverse hierarchical system of relations, including philosophical, aesthetic, and ethical foundations of the value attitude to musical art in various types of musical and creative activities. To make continuous musical education effective, it is necessary to appeal to modern musical culture. Immersion of students in the musical continuum of modern culture creates conditions in which not only the musical and creative development of students takes place more organically, but also the formation of the qualities of a true “man of culture”, spirituality, morality, and patriotism are developed. The basis of musical perception is the ability to hear and experience musical content as an artistic and figurative reflection of reality, which determines its powerful influence on personality. Music is designed to develop a sense of inner involvement in the spiritual culture of the native country.
Person development by immersion in a variety of art forms
Authors: Savenkova Lubov’ G.
Published: September 2023

Background. The article is devoted to such a topical problem of modern education as the formation of personality in the process of mastering various types of artistic activity. Currently, the issues of introducing the younger generation and youth to creative activity require careful study. The article highlights the features of research in the field of integrated poly-artistic education in the previous years of the Institute of Art Education and Cultural Studies of the RAE, which the author of this article relies on. The research allows to assert that art requires a special attitude of educational schools to it. Confirming the above, the article presents the dynamics of the child's (student's) development directions through various types of artistic activity from 1st to 11th grade, formulated as a result of comprehensive research. Objective. The article aims to highlight and substantiate the importance and significance of introducing children and youth to art in the modern situation, when it acquires a special meaning. Results. The article reveals the factors of integrated poly-artistic education on the example of three types of art: literary, theatrical, and visual. Conclusions. The problem of person development by immersion in art has always interested researchers. Currently, misunderstanding of the need for the humanitarian and artistic component of general education leads students to narrow thinking and underestimation of their professional activities.
Ossuary Burials of the Sultan-uiz-dag. Some Considerations on the Relation between Archaeology and Vendīdād
Authors: Minardi Michele
Published: September 2023

The archaeological exploration of the only mountain range of Karakalpakstan, the barren Sultan-uiz-dag/Sultan-uvais, resumed in 2017 after a hiatus of decades since its first archaeological valuation during Soviet times. This paper presents the preliminary results of the first fieldwork season, which focused on the south-eastern spur of the range. The presence of numerous ossuary burials on its summits reveals that the area was used as an extended burial ground for a prolonged period of time. Although most of the ossuaries recorded consist of scattered fragments that had lost their content, an intact cluster of such burials was discovered and excavated (Site 01). The archaeological and osteological evidence gathered from both the survey and the excavation of Site 01 seems to confirm what until now could only be assumed: the Chorasmians strictly followed the ritual and the funerary prescriptions contained in the Avestan Vendīdād (or Vidēvdād). Until the major discovery of the Akchakhan-kala’s Avestan gods, the capacity to archaeologically trace Zoroastrianism was questioned. With due caution, this paper tries to find an answer to the problem regarding the presence of resilient Zoroastrianism in Chorasmia, a polity which entered the “Avestan sphere” apparently in parallel to the Achaemenid conquest.
Supplementation of honey bee production colonies with a native beneficial microbe mixture
Authors: Arredondo D. , Añón G. , Campá J. , Harriet J. , Castelli L. , Zunino P. , Antúnez K.
Published: September 2023

Honey bee colonies form a complex superorganism, with individual and social immune defences that control overall colony health. Sometimes these defences are not enough to overcome infections by parasites and pathogens. For that reason, several studies have been conducted to evaluate different strategies to improve honey bee health. A novel alternative that is being studied is the use of beneficial microbes. In a previous study, we isolated and characterised bacterial strains from the native gut microbiota of honey bees. Four Apilactobacillus kunkeei strains were mixed and administered in laboratory models to evaluate their potential beneficial effect on larvae and adult bees. This beneficial microbe mixture was safe; it did not affect the expression of immune-related genes, and it was able to decrease the mortality caused by Paenibacillus larvae infection in larvae and reduced the Nosema ceranae spore number in infected adult honey bees. In the present study, we aimed to delve into the impact of the administration of this beneficial microbe mixture on honey bee colonies, under field conditions. The mixture was administered in sugar syrup using lyophilised bacterial cells or fresh cultures, by aspersion or sprayed and feeder, once a week for three consecutive weeks, in autumn or spring 2015, 2017 and 2019. Colony strength parameters were estimated before the administration, and one and three months later. Simultaneously different samples were collected to evaluate the infection levels of parasites and pathogens. The results showed that administering the beneficial microbe mixture decreased or stabilised the infection by N. ceranae or Varroa destructor in some trials but not in others. However, it failed to improve the colony’s strength parameters or honey production. Therefore, field studies can be a game-changer when beneficial microbes for honey bees are tested, and meticulous studies should be performed to test their effectiveness.
Review of the endemic Neotropical genus Agenamyia Albuquerque (Diptera: Muscidae) with the description of new species from South America
Authors: CARVALHO CLAUDIO JOSÉ BARROS DE , WOLFF MARTA , HASEYAMA KIRSTERN LICA FOLLMANN , FOGAÇA JOÃO MANUEL
Published: September 2023

Agenamyia Albuquerque, an endemic neotropical genus with two species, has been revised to include three new species: Agenamyia colombiana de Carvalho, Wolff & Fogaça sp. nov. from Envigado; Agenamyia maculata de Carvalho, Wolff & Fogaça sp. nov. from El Retiro; and Agenamyia timida de Carvalho, Wolff & Fogaça sp. nov. from Sopetrán, all localities in Antioquia, Colombia. This review presents an identification key for all species, including color images and illustrations of male and female terminalia. The distribution of all species is mapped and discussed.
Subseasonal Features of the Indian Monsoon
Authors: Dai Lun , Cheng Tat Fan , Wang Bin , Lu Mengqian
Published: September 2023

The Indian monsoon is of utmost concern to agriculture, the economy, and the livelihoods of billions in South Asia. However, little attention has been paid to the possibility of distinct subseasonal episodes phase-locked in the Indian monsoon annual cycle. This study addresses this gap by utilizing the self-organizing map (SOM) method to objectively classify six distinct subseasonal stages based on the 850-hPa wind fields. Each subseasonal stage ranges from 23 to 90 days. The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) consists of three substages, the ISM-onset, ISM-peak, and ISM-withdrawal, altogether contributing to 82% of the annual precipitation. The three substages signify the rapid northward advance, dominance, and gradual southward retreat of southwesterlies from mid-May to early October. The winter monsoon also comprises three substages (fall, winter, and spring), distinguishable by the latitude of the Arabian Sea high pressure ridge and hydrological conditions. This study proposes two compact indices based on zonal winds in the northern and southern Arabian Sea to measure the winter and summer monsoons, respectively. These indices capture the development and turnabouts of the six SOM-derived stages and can be used for subseasonal monsoon monitoring and forecasts. The spring and the ISM-onset episodes are highly susceptible to compound hazards of droughts and heatwaves, while the greatest flood risk occurs during the ISM-peak stage. The fall stage heralds the peak season for tropical storms over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The annual start and end dates of the ISM-peak are highly correlated (0.6–0.8) with the criteria-based dates proposed previously, supporting the delineation of the Indian monsoon subseasonal features.

Significance Statement

This research explores the existence of subseasonal features in the Indian monsoon annual cycle. Through the use of machine learning, we discover that the Indian summer monsoon and winter monsoon each consist of three substages. These substages’ evolution can be measured by two compact indices proposed herein, which can aid in subseasonal monsoon monitoring and forecasts in South Asia. Pertaining to hazard adaptations, this work pinpoints the subseasonal episodes most susceptible to droughts, heatwaves, floods, and tropical storms. High correlations are obtained when validating the substages’ yearly start and end dates against those documented in the existing literature, offering credibility to the subseasonal features of the Indian monsoon.
Combining Probabilistic Hazard Information Forecast Graphics with Wireless Emergency Alert Messages: An Exploratory, Qualitative Study
Authors: Bean Hamilton , Takenouchi Kensuke , Cruz Ana Maria
Published: September 2023

Since 2019, National Weather Service (NWS) offices have been able to issue 360-character Wireless Emergency Alert (“WEA360”) messages for tornadoes. NWS is now considering changing from a “deterministic” to a “probabilistic” warning paradigm. That change could possibly influence how WEA360 messages for tornado are issued in the future. Recent experimental studies have found that probabilistic hazard information (PHI) forecast graphics improve consumers’ risk perception for tornadoes, but findings from these studies concerning whether PHI forecast graphics improve people’s protective action decision-making are mixed. The present study therefore investigated how mock PHI-enhanced WEA360 messages might influence people’s risk perception and protective action decision-making. Analysis of qualitative data gathered from a combination of questionnaire and focus group interview methods conducted in collaboration with 31 community members in Denver, Colorado, indicated that inclusion of PHI forecast graphics within WEA360 messages elicited high levels of understanding and message believability but did not consistently lead to appropriate precautionary intent. Because warning response is a complex social phenomenon, PHI may not significantly improve protective action decision-making if PHI forecast graphics are eventually presented to consumers via the Wireless Emergency Alerts system. Factors that PHI stakeholders should consider before the adoption of PHI-enhanced WEA360 messages for consumers are discussed.

Significance Statement

This study examines how consumers respond to and talk about mock WEA360 messages for tornadoes that contain embedded PHI forecast graphics. As NWS considers moving to a probabilistic warning paradigm, stakeholders will need to determine how PHI forecast graphics might be communicated directly to consumers, if at all. Our findings suggest that combining WEA360 messages with PHI forecast graphics creates challenges and complexities related to consumers’ assessment of personal risk and protective action decision-making. Overall, the study suggests that any future PHI-enhanced WEA360 messages provided directly to consumers, if at all, must avoid discrepancies (even subtle) between the level of risk represented by the PHI forecast graphic and the protective action guidance included in the text of the messages.
No substitute for the real thing? Physical and digital cultural participation in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Blaabæk Ea H , Jæger Mads M
Published: September 2023

In this research note, we analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cultural participation. We use rich survey data from Denmark to construct pooled time-series cross-sectional data for each month of the years 2019–2021 and report three findings. First, participation in physical cultural activities (e.g. attending a concert or a museum) plummeted during two lockdowns and did not return to its pre-pandemic level by the end of 2021. Second, participation in digital activities (e.g. reading a digital book or following a museum on social media) did not change much during the pandemic. Overall, we find little evidence of substitution from physical to digital cultural participation during the COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark. Third, socioeconomic gradients in cultural participation decreased during the pandemic for physical cultural participation, but did not change for digital cultural participation. We end by discussing what we can learn from our results about how social disruptions affect patterns of cultural participation and inequality.
Edifying the Body: Troubling Notions of Impact When Discussing EAQ's Intellectual Structure
Authors: Gilzene Alounso
Published: September 2023

An Empirical Reflection on Educational Administration Quarterly’s Distinctive Contributions to the Field, 1965–2020 evaluated the impact of Educational Administration Quarterly using bibliometrics (EAQ). The authors in an analysis of articles from 1965 to 2020 highlighted scholars who made significant contributions to the journal. The outcomes, together with the most cited EAQ articles were then leveraged to infer the corpus’ essential features. While the information presented was important there were some key issues the interpretation. In this response, I questioned the concept of impact through a discussion of bias in citations and examined some of the limitations of the authors’ conception of social justice work, one of the schools of thought mentioned in the EAQ Intellectual framework.
Do UN peace operations help forcibly displaced people?
Authors: Costalli Stefano , Di Salvatore Jessica , Ruggeri Andrea
Published: September 2023

Do UN missions reduce forced displacement? Facing insecure environments, civilians are left with three choices: staying; moving to a safer community; or moving outside their country. Their aspiration and ability to move depend on individual characteristics and macro-level factors, such as the social, economic and political context in which these people live. Research shows that UN missions can impact and reset the macro-level context altered by war, especially in the security and economic domain. However, we lack empirical evidence on whether this impact helps UN peacekeeping tackle forced displacement and returns. This article offers the first global analysis of whether and how UN missions can shape aggregate population movements during civil wars. We combine data on outflows and returns of refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) with data on distinct UN missions’ features that we expect to affect population movements, namely the size of their contingents and their mandated tasks. Using matched samples, we find that the unfolding of the outflows and inflows processes are affected by different features of UN missions. Sizeable deployments decrease IDPs flows and encourage their return; refugee outflows, on the other hand, may increase in presence of UN missions. Furthermore, missions with displacement-related mandates are associated with decreasing IDP flows overall, but only encourage refugees’ returns.
Adherence to and Motivations for Complying With Public Health Measures Among Adolescents During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic in Canada
Authors: Craig Stephanie G. , Robillard Christina L. , Ames Megan E. , Feldman Samantha , Pepler Debra J.
Published: September 2023

Background: Public health measures (e.g., minimizing social interactions, social distancing, and mask wearing) have been implemented in Canada to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. Given that adolescents may be a high-risk demographic for spreading COVID-19, this study investigated adherence to and motivations for complying with public health measures among Canadian youth at two points of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Adolescents ( N = 1,484, 53% girls, Mage = 15.73 [ SD = 1.41]) completed an online survey in either Summer 2020 (Cohort 1 [C1]; n = 809, 56% girls) or Winter 2020/2021 (Cohort 2 [C2]; n = 675, 50% girls). We investigated differences in adherence across cohorts using independent sample t-tests and predictors of adherence using a path analysis. Results: Youth engaged in similar levels of social interaction in C1 and C2. Relative to adolescents in C1, adolescents in C2 reported more mask wearing, but less social distancing. Social responsibility was associated with adherence to almost all public health measures across both cohorts, with one exception: it did not predict minimizing social interactions in C2. Not wanting to get sick predicted minimizing social interactions and mask wearing. Concern with population health predicted adherence to all public health measures in C1 and all but mask wearing in C2. Maintaining social ties was negatively associated with minimizing social interactions in both cohorts, and with social distancing in C1. Conclusions: Youth engaged in more mask wearing but less social distancing as the pandemic progressed. Social responsibility and not wanting to get sick were consistent predictors of adherence to most public health measures throughout the pandemic. Youth shifted away from adhering to mask wearing measures due to concern with population health over the course of the pandemic. These results can inform targeted campaigns to bolster compliance with public health measures among adolescents.
Alexithymia and Impulsivity in Combat Sports – A Tale of Three Measures
Authors: Harms Craig A. , Barley Oliver R.
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the psychometric properties of two measures of alexithymia – the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) – as well as the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 measure of behavioural impulsivity because the psychometric properties of these scales have not been established in athletes. As part of a larger study, 298 participants completed an online survey that included the TAS-20, PAQ, and BIS 11, as well personal- (age and gender) and sport-specific (primary combat sport and level of competition) demographic measures. A unidimensional model was retained for the TAS-20. A unidimensional model with the possibility of multidimensional measure was retained for the PAQ, with the viability of a subscale for Generalised Externally Orientated Thinking supported. The only versions of the BIS that were retainable were unidimensional models for the BIS-15 (a 15-item version of the BIS 11) and the BIS-Brief (an 8-item version of the BIS 11). As expected, the measures of alexithymia were highly correlated. The associations between impulsivity and alexithymia as well as age and alexithymia were small in nature, with none these associations moderated by level of gender, level of competition, or primary sport for the participants. No differences in alexithymia or impulsivity according to gender, level of competition, or primary sport were noted for the participants. Implications of these findings for the measures of alexithymia – the TAS-20 and PAQ – and impulsivity – the BIS-15 and BIS-Brief – examined in the present study with athletes (as well as with other populations) are discussed.
Brief Form of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales: Preliminary Psychometric Properties in a European Portuguese Community Sample
Authors: Faustino Bruno , Fonseca Isabel , Oliveira Jorge
Published: September 2023

Personality theory based on affective neuroscience research suggests the presence of seven affective neurobiological systems. These dimensions have been identified using psychometric instruments such as the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) and its brief version known as the Brief Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (BANPS). Despite being a psychometric valid instrument, the BANPS was not adapted to European Portuguese. This study describes a psychometric analysis of the BANPS in a Portuguese population sample. A European Portuguese-speaking sample was recruited ( N = 355, Mage = 27.31, DP = 12.75). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the BANPS factorial structure. Pearson correlations were used to explore convergent validity with self-reports for psychological distress and psychopathology. Six factor model was confirmed with adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2(449) = 808,9841, TLI = .90, CFI = .92, RMSEA = .048 (.042–.053). Non-agreeable affective systems (anger, fear, distress), correlated positively with psychological distress and symptomology, while play and care systems correlated negatively. Seek and care subscales showed the weakest psychometric properties. The original factor structure was confirmed, suggesting the BANPS may be a valid measure to assess affective behavioral traits in the Portuguese population. Further studies in clinical populations may improve the psychometric data of the BANPS.
Integrating Automated Written Corrective Feedback into E-Portfolios for second language Writing: Notion and Notion AI
Authors: Osawa Koji
Published: September 2023

With the recent rapid technological advance, second language (L2) educators have increasingly incorporated technologies into writing pedagogy. Two of the major technologies to promote L2 writing are e-portfolios and automated written corrective feedback (AWCF). Notably, feedback-rich portfolios facilitate L2 learners’ self-regulation and writing development. In addition, AWCF itself can help them notice the gap between their interlanguage and the target language (i.e., the AWCF) in the writing process and incorporate the noticed language features. However, fewer technologies have been developed to maximize the combined use of e-portfolios and AWCF. This review proposes that the use of Notion as an e-portfolio platform and its embedded artificial intelligence (AI) (i.e., Notion AI) as an AWCF generator has significant potential to address such issues uniquely and seamlessly. Notion is a freemium application where users can manage their tasks on one platform individually and collaboratively, while Notion AI is an AI-powered writing assistant that edits users’ texts in terms of lexico-grammar, cohesion and structure. This technology review reports an overview of the complementary use of Notion and Notion AI and discusses their affordances and limitations for L2 writing pedagogy.
COVID-19 Impacts on Christian and Muslim Organizations in Germany: A Comparative Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Klie Anna Wiebke , Unser Alexander , Kortmann Matthias , Bonke Jonas , Nette Laura Karoline , Krahé Katharina
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly influenced all areas of life and day-to-day operations. This paper studies the impact of the pandemic on Muslim and Christian organizations in Germany. The focus is activity implementation, time investment, staff changes, and working processes of full-time staff and volunteers. On the basis of a quantitative survey ( n = 454) and qualitative in-depth interviews with organizational representatives from 2021 to 2022 ( n = 31), we follow a convergent, parallel mixed methods design to understand pandemic-related work changes, key challenges, and crisis management. Our quantitative analysis reveals differences in the activity performances in Muslim and Christian organizations both before and since the pandemic outbreak. While the monthly time investment of volunteers dropped significantly in Christian organizations during the pandemic, the working time of employees increased significantly in Muslim organizations. The qualitative analysis reveals distinct impacts on work processes and workloads in the organizations. Differences are due to organizational legal statuses, internal conditions, and different activity foci. Overall, our study indicates that religious organizations and their staff are resilient and adaptable. It contributes comparative data on faith-based organizations in Germany and highlights their important role in civil society. For future research, we recommend cross-national comparative studies.
Proverbs’ and cancel culture’s competing moral visions
Authors: Erickson Amy J.
Published: September 2023

This article proposes that the vision of moral growth offered in Proverbs serves as an alternative and antidote to the contemporary phenomenon of cancel culture. After briefly surveying cancel culture, it begins by considering the chiasmus structure of Proverbs 9. This chapter indicates that reception to correction is a key characteristic of the wise person who seeks to dine at Wisdom’s table. Altogether, the proverbial theme of reproof indicates that the moral community that Proverbs envisions displays a willingness to give and receive corrective dialogue. This is a direct opposite to the phenomenon of cancel culture, which refuses to invest in others’ moral growth and instead wields a view of self-achieved moral mastery. Proverbs, by contrast, insists that a wise person’s receptivity to correction, and their correlative willingness to invest in others’ moral growth by rebuking them in love, is related to the wise person’s understanding of their place as a guest in a world hosted by Wisdom.
Chain Hospitals in the Health Industry: A Scoping Review of Principles and Definitions
Authors: Aghili Amin , Jafari Mehdi , Goharinezhad Salime , Pourasghari Hamid , Abolhallaje Masoud
Published: September 2023

In order to provide quality and cost-effective health care, hospitals have used a variety of organizational models. Chain hospitals are one type of organization and service delivery model. Based on the diversity, multiplicity, and ambiguous nature of concepts related to chain hospitals, this study is an attempt to explain the concepts and components of such hospitals. Five main databases were searched for this purpose. Scopus, PubMed, WOS, ProQuest, and Wiley library databases were accessed from inception to September 2022. English-language studies describing chain hospital models were included. Two independent authors screened full-text papers, and data were extracted using a self-designed form. A thematic analysis was used to identify key components of the chain hospitals. A total of 38 papers from 8472 documents met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Among the selected studies, there were 23 quantitative studies, 6 qualitative studies, 5 mixed studies, 3 review studies, and 1 gray report. A review of the results revealed 55 different definitions of chain hospitals, as well as 6 main components and 16 subcomponents. Among the extracted components, 60% were related to the organization dimension, 15% to governance, 9% to decision rights, 8% to policies and procedures, and 4% to service delivery. In order to launch a multihospital system involving chain hospitals in a country, it is necessary first to define the concept of this hospital. The study’s findings should be used by policymakers and officials in each country before implementing an inter-hospital cooperation system (MHS, chain hospital, etc.). Future researchers may also find inspiration in the study’s findings and focus on these hospitals’ establishment, effectiveness, and financial effects.
Introduction: “Bringing Philosophy to New Levels”––The Intersection of Philosophy of Life With Philosophy Proper
Authors: Amir Lydia
Published: September 2023

As an introduction to the six essays written in honor of Joseph Agassi’s last book, I explain the book structure and Agassi’s purpose in writing it. To the contrary of what I had in mind when I invited Agassi to pen this manuscript—his Cynic- and Zen-like educational practices, on which I have elaborated elsewhere and which required further clarification—Agassi chose to write on the intersection of the philosophy of life with academic philosophy. Following Socrates, he called for an active collaboration of both. By explaining why “philosophy is nothing … if it is not the advocacy of reason,” Agassi summed up his entire philosophy in what turned out to be his clearest and most insightful work, his testament.
Fake news on social media: Understanding teens’ (Dis)engagement with news
Authors: Selnes Florence Namasinga
Published: September 2023

This article takes a qualitative approach to examine the role of fake news in shaping adolescent’s participation in news. Instead of experimental approaches that are common with similar research, the current study expands our understanding of teenagers’ engagement with news on social media using focus groups, interviews in addition to reviewing research reports by the Norwegian Media Authority. The study found that fake news is positively related to teens’ engagement with news. Contrary to reports that younger audiences have weak ties with news brands, this study shows that teens in Norway are led back to mainstream media to corroborate and fact-check news. This negates my initial assumption that fake news was bad because teens’ perspectives show fake news as positively triggering discussions around news encountered on social media. Teens engage with fake news for verification, which drives them off social media toward conventional media. This is good for news and for journalism
Results of the European Society of Toxicologic Pathology Survey on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Toxicologic Pathology
Authors: Palazzi Xavier , Barale-Thomas Erio , Bawa Bhupinder , Carter Jonathan , Janardhan Kyathanahalli , Marxfeld Heike , Nyska Abraham , Saravanan Chandrassegar , Schaudien Dirk , Schumacher Vanessa L. , Spaet Robert H. , Tangermann Simone , Turner Oliver C , Vezzali Enrico
Published: September 2023

The European Society of Toxicologic Pathology (ESTP) initiated a survey through its Pathology 2.0 workstream in partnership with sister professional societies in Europe and North America to generate a snapshot of artificial intelligence (AI) usage in the field of toxicologic pathology. In addition to demographic information, some general questions explored AI relative to (1) the current status of adoption across organizations; (2) technical and methodological aspects; (3) perceived business value and finally; and (4) roadblocks and perspectives. AI has become increasingly established in toxicologic pathology with most pathologists being supportive of its development despite some areas of uncertainty. A salient feature consisted of the variability of AI awareness and adoption among the responders, as the spectrum extended from pathologists having developed familiarity and technical skills in AI, to colleagues who had no interest in AI as a tool in toxicologic pathology. Despite a general enthusiasm for these techniques, the overall understanding and trust in AI algorithms as well as their added value in toxicologic pathology were generally low, suggesting room for the need for increased awareness and education. This survey will serve as a basis to evaluate the evolution of AI penetration and acceptance in this domain.
Effects of Social Support, Family Resilience, and Individual Resilience on Fear of Cancer Recurrence Among Persons With Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Yan , Li Na , Wang Jinfang , Shang Qiongqiong , Zhang Benyan , Cao Mengke
Published: September 2023

Background:

There is limited research exploring the psychological and social predictors of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR).

Objective:

This study tested the effects of social support, family resilience, and individual resilience on FCR among persons with breast cancer.

Methods:

A convenience sampling method was used to select 214 participants from March to August 2021 in 1 tertiary hospital in Jinan, China. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Path analysis was adopted to explore the effects of social support, family resilience, and individual resilience on FCR.

Results:

Findings showed that 94.6% of the participants reached a clinical level of FCR. Social support (β = −.75, p < .01) and individual resilience (β = −.32, p < .01) negatively and directly impacted FCR. Family resilience indirectly impacted FCR through individual resilience (β = −.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): −.34 to −.08). Social support indirectly impacted FCR through family resilience and individual resilience (β = −.15, 95% CI: −.23 to −.06).

Conclusions:

Persons with breast cancer experienced a high level of FCR. Individual resilience was a mediator between family resilience and FCR. Resilience (individual resilience and family resilience) partially mediated the effects of social support on FCR. The findings indicate that measures focused on improving individual resilience, family resilience, and social support should be considered by nurses, which are helpful for easing FCR.
Automotive Seating: The Growing Appeal of Foam-in-Fabric Technology
Authors: Deno L. , Dipietrantonio Bernadine F.
Published: September 2023

Foam-in-fabric technology offers the automotive industry cost reductions, design flexibility and quality consistency for seating and head restraints. Use of all-MDI-based flexible polyurethane foam systems which have a proven record of minimal defects and very low reject rates, together with the development of appropriate machinery and moulding equipment, has led to the establishment of foam-in-fabric (FIF) barrier and non-barrier technologies for volume car manufacture in both the USA and Europe.

In barrier technology, standard reactivity all-MDI-based foams are used extensively owing to their fast cure and excellent dimensional stability. This is especially important with complex shapes incorporating negative contours. In non-barrier technology, all-MDI-based foam's fast viscosity build-up and greater potential for rapid cream have made it the system of choice.

Barrier technology is being used by several companies on both sides of the Atlantic for seat production. Non-barrier technology is now firmly established for head restraint production in North America and Europe. As in the past, head restraint manufacture is being used as a learning process for the potential use of non-barrier processes in the manufacture of automotive seating.

ICI has now developed CFC-free, all-MDI-based foams which have proved successful in both barrier and non-barrier technologies. Fast cure potential and short demould times make them particularly appropriate for just-in-time manufacture. Their wide index latitudes allow dual-hardness pouring and their durability in terms of humid ageing and dynamic fatigue is particularly good.
A Novel Facer for PIR/PUR Boardstock
Authors: Lynch J.J. , Moore M.L. , Randall D.
Published: September 2023

This paper discusses the insulating and fire properties of rigid PIR/PUR foams from the perspective of facing materials.

The insulating effectiveness of a rigid PIR/PUR foam can be expressed in terms of R value, which is the resistance to heat flow of a given thickness of material. The R value is normally at a peak at the time of manufacture but decreases when air permeates through the foam matrix into the cell gas. The rate of decrease in R value is dependent upon several factors including the cell gas content, cell size and orientation, foam density, the integrity of the bond between foam and facing material, and particularly the permeability of the facing material. Rigid PIR/PUR foams which are protected by facing materials with a low gas permeability maintain their initial high R values. Thus, a good facing material will minimize the rate of R value decrease, pass standard fire tests as a composite material with PIR/PUR foams, provide a good substrate for foam adhesion, allow for the use of nails and/or fasteners during fixing, and be cost effective.

A facer material has been developed based upon polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) substrate which has been vacuum metallized with a thin layer of aluminium on one surface. This is well known to the packaging industry and one of the best gas and moisture barriers on the market. Laminated to rigid PIR/PUR boardstock the vacuum metallized PET has been found to be superior in maintaining R value and fire performance over typically used A1 foil and A1 foil paper laminates.
The Use of An All CO2 Blown Foam in Production
Authors: Sullivan W.F. , Thomas A.K.
Published: September 2023

Prior to the Montreal Protocol on ozone depleting substances, dichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) had been widely used in polyurethane foam formulations as both a blowing agent and to endow the foam with excellent insulation properties. Now, U.S. manufacturers of products containing rigid polyurethane foam insulation must face the challenge of eliminating CFC-11 from their products. This must be done while retaining the excellent insulation properties that have made PUR foam the most effective insulation material in use today.

Elimination of CFC-11 without any reduction in foam insulation efficiency can be achieved with novel foam systems now in commercial use. These foam systems use C02 as a replacement for CFC-11, but otherwise they are equivalent to CFC-11 based foams in all other respects. Insulated vending equipment is being produced with foam using all C02 blowing and the foam performance is equivalent to, and in some respects better than, the CFC-based foam it replaced. The vending machines have been tested for dimensional stability and energy consumption and initial measurements indicate that the new C02 blown foam gives the same results as CFC-based foams.

Of particular concern to manufacturers is the processability of all C02 blown insulation foams. An experimental design was used to evaluate the processing latitude of variables such as chemical temperatures, mixing pressures, and fixture and preheat temperatures. The effect of varying these process variables on foam performance is reviewed. Particularly how these process variables affect demould time, adhesion, overall physical properties and insulation value.
An Integrated Approach to Foam Development for Automotive Instrument Panels
Authors: Colvin B.G.
Published: September 2023

The technical requirements of semi-rigid polyurethane foams for automotive instrument panels have become increasingly demanding in recent years. This is predominantly due to the change in design of cars and the consequent impact upon the design of instrument panels. In particular, larger and flatter windscreens have resulted in higher interior temperatures and higher thermal stresses. In addition, some companies have moved towards a closed mould technique which when combined with the requirement to produce longer, more complex instrument panels, has put pressure on foam formulators to provide chemicals with excellent flow characteristics whilst reducing foam demould times. A common problem with the production of instrument panels is the potential staining of the PVC caused or assisted by its reaction with polyurethane foam ingredients.

Industrial Foam Systems has carried out extensive evaluation of the effect of formulation changes on the important processing and discoloration properties of polyurethane foams. In particular, we have determined the effect of these parameters on foam reactivity, flowability, mouldability (including void formation and cell collapse), PVC discoloration, adhesion to PVC and rate of cure. Reactivity and flowability studies utilised an automated rise profile/dynamic viscosity apparatus, a technique used to determine the change in foam viscosity as a function of rise height. This apparatus was found to be particularly useful in evaluating the effect of changes in catalyst type on foam flowability. An assessment of foam mouldability has been carried out by foaming into a complex-shaped mould and determining the extent of void formation, cell collapse and knit-line efficiency under these stringent flow conditions.

The results of our laboratory evaluation have been transferred to production conditions in two types of application. The first is the production of a complex instrument panel manufactured by the closed mould method. The most important processing criteria were good flowability and fast demould times. The second application was an open mould process where foam flowability was less critical but more importance was attached to a very fast demould time and low levels of PVC staining. In both cases very successful production runs have been realised.
CFC-Free Polyether Polyurethane Systems for Footwear Applications
Authors: Phanopoulos C. , Limerkens N. , Stilling H. , Randall D.
Published: September 2023

The removal of CFCs from polyurethane systems for footwear applications is an environmental necessity. However this has proven technically difficult for polyether based systems. Although polyether systems have a much superior hydrolytic stability to polyesters the physical properties are inherently lower. In the past this problem was resolved by using CFCs as blowing agents. Such materials blow very efficiently in the interior of the moulded material but much less efficiently in the regions adjacent to the cool mould wall. Hence high density boundaries - or integral skins - are thus formed. The high density layer has improved physical properties which match the needs of modern footwear applications.

Potentially therefore there are at least two methods to eliminate CFCs from polyether based systems. Firstly, to improve the inherent physical properties of the polyether systems - so eliminating the need for the high skin density. Secondly to identify alternative blowing agents which, similarly to CFCs, produce the high density boundary layers in a cool mould. ICI Polyurethanes has been active in both these areas of research.

Several CFC free polyether systems have been developed which are now commercially available. Such systems are characterized by their improved physical properties over CFC blown systems at the same density. The usual advantages of polyether systems (liquidity, hydrolytic stability, etc.) are left unchanged, whilst the strength properties such as tensile and, tear are improved.
Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Compounds – A Mathematical Model
Authors: Rusu Mihai , Bucevschi Mircea-Dan
Published: September 2023

The study demonstrates that the expansion degree of the compounds of plasticised polyvinyl chloride may be estimated as depending on the composite of the plasticiser mixture, on temperature and gelification duration; a mathematical model having the form of a product of two non-linear polynomials has been employed.

The average relative absolute error is of 8.71%
Environmental Legislation – Actions Taken by the Flexible foam Industry*
Authors: Hurd R.
Published: September 2023

An essential preliminary before choosing an abatement method is to (a) obtain as comprehensive a picture as possible of all the compounds present in the emission, and (b) study both present and prospective legislation to determine the pollutants which may have to be treated.

Emissions from flexible polyurethane foam production are reviewed and the abatement methods of interest are summarised.