bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of gelatin, lemongrass oil and peppermint oil on storability and fruit quality of Samany date palm under cold storage
Authors: EL-Gioushy S. F. , Baiea M. H. M.
Published: January 2020

Background

This study was carried out during two successive 2016 and 2017 seasons in the postharvest laboratory of the Agricultural Development System (ADS) project in the Faculty of Agric, Cairo University, Giza Governorate, Egypt, to study the efficiency of using some natural substances i.e., gelatin at 1, 2, and 4%, lemongrass oil at 0.25 and 0.5%, and peppermint oil at 5 and 10%, beside untreated fruits as control on storability of Samany date palm fruits and their quality under cold storage at 0.0 °C ± 2 and 90–95% R.H.

Results

The results obtained from this study showed that it was evident that those two conflicted trends were detected with the advancement of storage duration during both seasons. Hence, the percentage of fruit weight loss, decay, fruit juice total soluble solids, total sugars, and total phenolic content were increased. Moreover, flesh firmness, total acidity%, and total protein content were relatively reduced. Moreover, not only is the response of different Samany fruit measurements to various investigated dipping treatments varied from one treatment to another, but also each characteristic reflected its trend.

Conclusion

It could be generally concluded that all dipping treatments significantly decreased the percentage of both fruit weight loss and decay below control (water dipping), whereas 0.50% lemongrass oil treatment was superior, while 1% gelatin ranked last. On the other hand, fruit juice total acidity was slightly responded by different treatments, and the difference was more pronounced particularly with both 0.25 and 0.50% lemongrass oil during two seasons. Besides, fruit flesh firmness and fruit juice total sugars did not significantly respond to various treatments. Meanwhile, fruit juice total soluble solids percentage, total protein content, and total phenolic content showed considerable different influence to most investigated treatments in both seasons of study.
Exploring the role of transtibial prosthetic use in deep tissue injury development: a scoping review
Authors: Graser Marisa , Day Sarah , Buis Arjan
Published: January 2020

Background

The soft tissue of the residual limb in transtibial prosthetic users encounters unique biomechanical challenges. Although not intended to tolerate high loads and deformation, it becomes a weight-bearing structure within the residuum-prosthesis-complex. Consequently, deep soft tissue layers may be damaged, resulting in Deep Tissue Injury (DTI). Whilst considerable effort has gone into DTI research on immobilised individuals, only little is known about the aetiology and population-specific risk factors in amputees. This scoping review maps out and critically appraises existing research on DTI in lower-limb prosthetic users according to (1) the population-specific aetiology, (2) risk factors, and (3) methodologies to investigate both.

Results

A systematic search within the databases Pubmed, Ovid Excerpta Medica, and Scopus identified 16 English-language studies. The results indicate that prosthetic users may be at risk for DTI during various loading scenarios. This is influenced by individual surgical, morphological, and physiological determinants, as well as the choice of prosthetic componentry. However, methodological limitations, high inter-patient variability, and small sample sizes complicate the interpretation of outcome measures. Additionally, fundamental research on cell and tissue reactions to dynamic loading and on prosthesis-induced alterations of the vascular and lymphatic supply is missing.

Conclusion

We therefore recommend increased interdisciplinary research endeavours with a focus on prosthesis-related experimental design to widen our understanding of DTI. The results have the potential to initiate much-needed clinical advances in surgical and prosthetic practice and inform future pressure ulcer classifications and guidelines.
Typology of modifications to peer support work for adults with mental health problems: systematic review
Authors: Charles Ashleigh , Thompson Dean , Nixdorf Rebecca , Ryan Grace , Shamba Donat , Kalha Jasmine , Moran Galia , Hiltensperger Ramona , Mahlke Candelaria , Puschner Bernd , Repper Julie , Slade Mike , Mpango Richard
Published: January 2020

Background

Peer support work roles are being implemented internationally, and increasingly in lower-resource settings. However, there is no framework to inform what types of modifications are needed to address local contextual and cultural aspects.

Aims

To conduct a systematic review identifying a typology of modifications to peer support work for adults with mental health problems.

Method

We systematically reviewed the peer support literature following PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews (registered on PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) on 24 July 2018: CRD42018094832). All study designs were eligible and studies were selected according to the stated eligibility criteria and analysed with standardised critical appraisal tools. A narrative synthesis was conducted to identify types of, and rationales for modifications.

Results

A total of 15 300 unique studies were identified, from which 39 studies were included with only one from a low-resource setting. Six types of modifications were identified: role expectations; initial training; type of contact; role extension; workplace support for peer support workers; and recruitment. Five rationales for modifications were identified: to provide best possible peer support; to best meet service user needs; to meet organisational needs, to maximise role clarity; and to address socioeconomic issues.

Conclusions

Peer support work is modified in both pre-planned and unplanned ways when implemented. Considering each identified modification as a candidate change will lead to a more systematic consideration of whether and how to modify peer support in different settings. Future evaluative research of modifiable versus non-modifiable components of peer support work is needed to understand the modifications needed for implementation among different mental health systems and cultural settings.
Impact of the Canterbury earthquakes on dispensing of psychiatric medication for children and adolescents: longitudinal quantitative study
Authors: Beaglehole Ben , Moor Stephanie , Zhang Tao , Hamilton Gregory J. , Mulder Roger T. , Boden Joseph M. , Frampton Christopher M. A. , Bell Caroline J.
Published: January 2020

Background

Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and impact; they cause widespread disruption and adversity throughout the world. The Canterbury earthquakes of 2010–2011 were devastating for the people of Christchurch, New Zealand. It is important to understand the impact of this disaster on the mental health of children and adolescents.

Aims

To report psychiatric medication use for children and adolescents following the Canterbury earthquakes.

Method

Dispensing data from community pharmacies for the medication classes antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, sedatives/hypnotics and methylphenidate are routinely recorded in a national database. Longitudinal data are available for residents of the Canterbury District Health Board (DHB) and nationally. We compared dispensing data for children and adolescents residing in Canterbury DHB with national dispensing data to assess the impact of the Canterbury earthquakes on psychotropic prescribing for children and adolescents.

Results

After longer-term trends and population adjustments are considered, a subtle adverse effect of the Canterbury earthquakes on dispensing of antidepressants was detected. However, the Canterbury earthquakes were not associated with higher dispensing rates for antipsychotics, anxiolytics, sedatives/hypnotics or methylphenidate.

Conclusions

Mental disorders or psychological distress of a sufficient severity to result in treatment of children and adolescents with psychiatric medication were not substantially affected by the Canterbury earthquakes.
“She of the Pants and No Voice”
Authors: Awkward-Rich Cameron
Published: January 2020

This essay turns to two familiar figures in the transgender archive—Lou Sullivan and Jack Bee Garland—to think about the potentials of trans/crip conjunctions. The author offers a recuperative reading of Sullivan's biography of Garland, From Female to Male: The Life of Jack Bee Garland, as not an impaired (but useful) work of historical recovery but an aesthetic object marked indelibly by Garland's cripped transmasculinity. More specifically, it attends to a period during which Garland used the “disability con” as a technology that scrambled the codes of gender, race, and class and, in so doing, allowed them to live—briefly in life, but indefinitely in the archive—a publicly nonbinary life. Garland's narrative, therefore, offers a compelling model of trans agency and authority that leans into, rather than flees from, the potentially disqualifying lumping together of disability/transgender.
Hormones as adaptive control systems in juvenile fish
Authors: Weidner Jacqueline , Jensen Camilla Håkonsrud , Giske Jarl , Eliassen Sigrunn , Jørgensen Christian
Published: January 2020

Growth is an important theme in biology. Physiologists often relate growth rates to hormonal control of essential processes. Ecologists often study growth as function of gradients or combinations of environmental factors. Fewer studies have investigated the combined effects of environmental and hormonal control on growth. Here, we present an evolutionary optimization model of fish growth that combines internal regulation of growth by hormone levels with the external influence of food availability and predation risk. The model finds a dynamic hormone profile that optimizes fish growth and survival up to 30 cm, and we use the probability of reaching this milestone as proxy for fitness. The complex web of interrelated hormones and other signalling molecules are simplified to three functions represented by growth hormone, thyroid hormone, and orexin. By studying a range from poor to rich environments, we find that the level of food availability in the environment results in different evolutionarily optimal strategies of hormone levels. With more food available, higher levels of hormones are optimal, resulting in higher food intake, standard metabolism, and growth. By using this fitness-based approach we also find a consequence of evolutionary optimization of survival on optimal hormone use. Where foraging is risky, thyroid hormone can be used strategically to increase metabolic potential and the chance of escaping from predators. By comparing model results to empirical observations, many mechanisms can be recognized, for instance a change in pace-of-life due to resource availability, and reduced emphasis on reserves in more stable environments.
Within-Industry Specialization and Global Market Power
Authors: Lashkaripour Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Export price levels exhibit tremendous cross-national and spatial variation, even within narrowly defined industries. Standard theories attribute this variation to within-industry quality specialization. This paper argues that a significant portion of the export price variation is driven by rich and remote economies specializing in high-market power segments of industries. I also argue that this particular pattern of specialization (i) accounts for 30 percent of the overall gains from trade, and (ii) explains more than 37 percent of the observed cross-national income inequality. (JEL D43, F12, F13, F14, L15, L22, O19)
One Markup to Rule Them All: Taxation by Liquor Pricing Regulation
Authors: Miravete Eugenio J. , Seim Katja , Thurk Jeff
Published: January 2020

Commodity taxation often involves uniform tax rates. We use alcohol laws that tax differentiated spirits with a comprehensive uniform markup to evaluate redistribution generated by such simple tax policy. We document preference heterogeneity among consumers, variation in product demand elasticities, and market power among producers with heterogeneous product portfolios. Relative to more flexible product-level markups recognizing demand heterogeneity and strategic price responses of firms, we find that the uniform markup underprices less elastic spirits, implicitly subsidizing low-income and less educated residents. The uniform markup grants additional market power to small specialized firms whose product positioning benefits from the policy.(JEL D12, H21, H23, H25, L43, L66)
Ensemble machine learning modeling for the prediction of artemisinin resistance in malaria
Authors: Ford Colby T. , Janies Daniel
Published: January 2020

Resistance in malaria is a growing concern affecting many areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Since the emergence of artemisinin resistance in the late 2000s in Cambodia, research into the underlying mechanisms has been underway.

The 2019 Malaria Challenge posited the task of developing computational models that address important problems in advancing the fight against malaria. The first goal was to accurately predict artemisinin drug resistance levels of Plasmodium falciparum isolates, as quantified by the IC50. The second goal was to predict the parasite clearance rate of malaria parasite isolates based on in vitro transcriptional profiles.

In this work, we develop machine learning models using novel methods for transforming isolate data and handling the tens of thousands of variables that result from these data transformation exercises. This is demonstrated by using massively parallel processing of the data vectorization for use in scalable machine learning. In addition, we show the utility of ensemble machine learning modeling for highly effective predictions of both goals of this challenge. This is demonstrated by the use of multiple machine learning algorithms combined with various scaling and normalization preprocessing steps. Then, using a voting ensemble, multiple models are combined to generate a final model prediction.
Discursive study of Orthodox religious identity
Authors: Yurasov Igor' , Pavlova Ol'ga
Published: January 2020

Considers the problem of the Orthodox religious identity from the point of view of the influence of five types of discourse, widely represented in the Orthodox semiotic picture of the world: philosophical, mythological, artistic, political and ideological. Selected types of religious identity: normative, marginalized, and folkloristically, and determined what type of discourse most pragmatically strongly influences the formation of a type of Orthodox identity. The authors come to the conclusion about the existence in the Russian Federation "rural" and "urban" Orthodox discourses. The first leads to the development of social strain in the area of religious identity and is the base of the formation polarisierung religious identity. The second sets the normative Orthodox identity, avoiding archaism and development of the centaur-ideas. This study was conducted in part supported by RFBR, research project No. 18-011-00164 on "Discursive study of religious identity."
Designed for a wide range of sociologists, philologists, cultural studies and religious studies, as well as for a wide circle of readers interested in questions of religion.
Segment Reporting As One of the Areas of Convergence of Financial and Management Accounting
Authors: Voronova E.
Published: January 2020

Th e article is devoted to segment reporting as one of the areas of convergence of fi nancial and management accounting. It is noted that the consolidated fi nancial statements containing aggregated information are limited for making a number of economic decisions. Th e main normative documents regulating the disclosure and presentation of information by segments are considered. Attention is paid to the benefi ts and complexities associated with segment disclosures in fi nancial statements.
Why Do Japanese Bully More than Americans? Influence of External Locus of Control and Student Attitudes Toward Bullying
Authors: Kobayashi Emiko , Farrington David
Published: January 2020

It is widely accepted that Japanese, compared to Americans, commit fewer criminal and other forms of deviant acts. However, there is evidence that Japanese students have an unusually high prevalence of bullying. In the current study, we develop a rationale for predicting that Japanese students, relative to Americans, should be oriented more strongly toward an external locus of control and have more favorable attitudes toward bullying, which, in turn, might explain why student bullying is more prevalent in Japan than in the U.S. Analyses of comparable survey data from college students in Japan (N = 584) and the U.S. (N = 623) provide generally supportive evidence for our predictions. In agreement with expectations, Japanese students committed more bullying acts during their high school days than Americans. Further, Japanese students were oriented more strongly toward an external locus of control and had more favorable attitudes toward bullying. After controlling for both an external locus of control and student attitudes toward bullying, the initially significant difference between the two samples in student bullying disappeared. We discuss the utility of comparative research to increase our understanding of cross-national differences in student bullying. We suggest that longitudinal comparative data on an external locus of control and student attitudes toward bullying, both of which reflect individual cognitive orientations, are an important resource for further development of school intervention programs around the world.
The Real Effects of Financial Statement Recognition: Evidence from Corporate Credit Ratings
Authors: Basu Riddha , Naughton James P.
Published: January 2020

We examine whether the recognition versus disclosure of identical accounting information affects the credit rating process and ultimately corporate credit ratings. The primary input into corporate credit ratings is adjusted financial statements, which the rating agencies create by modifying reported financial statements to reflect credit-relevant items not recognized under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The rating agencies have claimed that this process means that accounting changes that move previously disclosed information onto firms’ financial statements have virtually no effect on firms’ adjusted financial statements or their credit ratings. We show that this claim is incorrect using the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 158 (SFAS158). This standard did not prescribe any new financial information. Rather, it simply required the balance sheet recognition of a previously disclosed item. We find that firms recognizing an additional pension liability due to SFAS158 had lower leverage on the rating agency adjusted financial statements and received higher corporate credit ratings. This counterintuitive result occurs because the rating agency adjustments made before SFAS158 were punitive relative to the combination of the SFAS158 changes and the rating agency adjustments made after SFAS158. The difference in rating agency adjustments before and after SFAS158 was primarily due to rating agency adjustments in the pre-SFAS158 period that did not account for minimum liability adjustments, an aspect of pension accounting eliminated by SFAS158. Overall, our results indicate that SFAS158 generated real changes in rating agency adjustments and that these changes had real consequences for firms’ credit ratings.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Payout Policy Trade-Offs and the Rise of 10b5-1 Preset Repurchase Plans
Authors: Bonaimé Alice , Harford Jarrad , Moore David
Published: January 2020

We are the first to document and study the use of Rule 10b5-1 preset repurchase plans. Though the rule’s original intent was to clarify conditions for enforcing insider trading laws, generally thought to apply to individuals classified as firm insiders, we find strong use of the rule at the firm level to repurchase company stock. We exploit this new and widespread form of payout to examine an issue at the core of payout decisions—the trade-off between commitment and financial flexibility. Relative to open market repurchases, preset plans provide an expanded repurchase window and increased legal cover, albeit at the cost of reducing repurchase flexibility and the option to time repurchases. These costs and benefits are significantly associated with Rule 10b5-1 adoption: Firms with alternative sources of financial flexibility are more likely to precommit to a repurchase plan, as are firms with a history of poor repurchase timing and firms constrained by blackout windows. Consistent with preset plans signaling commitment, Rule 10b5-1 repurchase announcements are associated with greater and faster completion rates, with more positive market reactions, and with more dividend substitution than open market repurchases. Lastly, we find that preset repurchase plans represent a unique payout tool whose introduction encouraged a different set of firms to buy back stock and significantly altered the payout landscape.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Finance.
Greed Works—Online Algorithms for Unrelated Machine Stochastic Scheduling
Authors: Gupta Varun , Moseley Benjamin , Uetz Marc , Xie Qiaomin
Published: January 2020

This paper establishes performance guarantees for online algorithms that schedule stochastic, nonpreemptive jobs on unrelated machines to minimize the expected total weighted completion time. Prior work on unrelated machine scheduling with stochastic jobs was restricted to the offline case and required linear or convex programming relaxations for the assignment of jobs to machines. The algorithms introduced in this paper are purely combinatorial. The performance bounds are of the same order of magnitude as those of earlier work and depend linearly on an upper bound on the squared coefficient of variation of the jobs’ processing times. Specifically for deterministic processing times, without and with release times, the competitive ratios are 4 and 6, respectively. As to the technical contribution, this paper shows how dual fitting techniques can be used for stochastic and nonpreemptive scheduling problems.
Variable speed drive with hydraulic boost
Authors: Linjama Matti
Published: January 2020

This paper studies a variable speed drive with two hydraulic pump motors connected to an actuator. The torque load of the pump motors is reduced by connecting different pressures to the inlets of the pump motors. A method for real-time selection of the inlet pressures is developed. A linearized model is derived, and a robust control approach is used for the controller design of the variable speed drive. Simulation results indicate excellent controllability and robustness together with good energy efficiency. When three supply pressures — one being a pressurized tank line — are used, the peak torque is reduced by 52 per cent compared to the traditional solution.
Fake News Detection by Image Montage Recognition
Authors: Steinebach Martin , Liu Huajian , Gotkowski Karol
Published: January 2020

Fake news have been a problem for multiple years now and in addition to this “fake images” that accompany them are becoming increasingly a problem too. The aim of such fake images is to back up the fake message itself and make it appear authentic. For this purpose, more and more images such as photo-montages are used, which have been spliced from several images. This can be used to defame people by putting them in unfavorable situations or the other way around as propaganda by making them appear more important. In addition, montages may have been altered with noise and other manipulations to make an automatic recognition more difficult. In order to take action against such montages and still detect them automated, a concept based on feature detection is developed. Furthermore, an indexing of the features is carried out by means of a nearest neighbor algorithm in order to be able to quickly compare a high number of images. Afterwards, images suspected to be a montage are reviewed by a verifier. This concept is implemented and evaluated with two feature detectors. Even montages that have been manipulated with different methods are identified as such in an average of 100 milliseconds with a probability of mostly over 90%.
Non-3GPP Access Security in 5G
Authors: Kunz Andreas , Salkintzis Apostolis
Published: January 2020

Non-3GPP Access technologies such as WLAN technologies can be connected to the 3GPP core network like EPC (Evolved Packet Core) in various ways based on the operator’s business models and architectural preferences. The desire to provide this access to the 5G core network, currently defined in 3GPP, requires the design of new protocols and procedures in order to fulfill all requirements. This paper describes the current status of the specification in Release 15 of the untrusted non-3GPP access where the mobile operator does not trust the access point and tunnels all traffic to a trusted gateway in the mobile network. Further, the paper provides an outlook of the new Release 16 feature for trusted non-3GPP access, i.e. the mobile operator trusts the access point, as well as the feature for 5G core network access from WLAN devices with 3GPP credentials that do not support the Non Access Stratum protocol.
3GPP Non-Public Network Security
Authors: Jerichow Anja , Covell Betsy , Chandramouli Devaki , Rezaki Ali , Lansisalmi Atte , Merkel Juergen
Published: January 2020

The 3GPP Rel-16 5G System focuses on enabling support for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for Industry 4.0. Building blocks of 5G supporting use cases and requirements from the manufacturing sector are extreme mobile broadband, massive machine-type communication, ultra-reliable critical machine communication, non-public networks, time sensitive communication, 5G LAN communication, precise positioning. While for all of them, security plays an important role, the focus of this paper is on the 3GPP Rel-16 architecture and security concept of 5GS Non-Public Networks.We conclude with insights on the challenges for using 5G in the Operational Technology Industry.
SPECTRAL CURVES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF WEEDS IN WHEAT CROP
Authors: Pott Luan Pierre , Amado Telmo Jorge Carneiro , Sebem Elodio , Schwalbert Raí Augusto
Published: January 2020

The principal weeds in wheat cultivation are black oats and ryegrass and their control is generally performed without considering the spatial variability of the density of weed infestation. One way to identify weed species is by analyzing spectral curves of the targets. The objective of this work was to evaluate the spectral curves of wheat, black oats and ryegrass to identify which wavelengths are able to distinguish these species. The experiment was set using the species: black oats, ryegrass and wheat. Each species was sown in individual experimental plots in a completely randomized design with nine replications. HandHeld 2, ASD® spectroradiometer with 325-1075 nm spectral range was used to perform readings at full bloom stage. Then, the reflectance spectral data were grouped into eight spectral bands: violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red, red edge and near infrared. Descriptive statistics of reflectance of the targets as well as analysis of variance (p<0.05) and test of Tukey for comparison of the means (p<0.01) were performed using the reflectance measurement of each spectral band. The results showed that the yellow and orange spectral bands obtained higher capacities of differentiation of the species under study. It can be concluded that the analysis of spectral curves of target of black oat and ryegrass weeds and wheat crop makes it possible to differentiate species in full bloom stage.
SPUD: simultaneous phase unwrapping and denoising algorithm for phase imaging
Authors: Pineda Jesus , Bacca Jorge , Meza Jhacson , Romero Lenny A. , Arguello Henry , Marrugo Andres G.
Published: January 2020

Recent methods for phase unwrapping in the presence of noise include denoising algorithms to filter out noise as a preprocessing stage. However, including a denoising stage increases the overall computational complexity resulting in long execution times. In this paper, we present a noniterative simultaneous phase unwrapping and denoising algorithm for phase imaging, referred to as SPUD. The proposed method relies on the least squares discrete cosine transform (DCT) solution for phase unwrapping with an additional sparsity constraint on the DCT coefficients of the unwrapped solution. Simulation results with different levels of noise and wrapped phase fringe density reveal the suitability of the proposed method for accurate phase unwrapping and restoration. When compared to the 2D windowed Fourier transform filter, SPUD performs better in terms of phase error and execution times. The processing of experimental data from synthetic aperture radar showed the capability for processing real images, including removing phase dislocations. An implementation of the proposed algorithm can be accessed and executed through a Code Ocean compute capsule.
Real-time Lissajous imaging with a low-voltage 2-axis MEMS scanner based on electrothermal actuation
Authors: Tanguy Quentin A. A. , Gaiffe Olivier , Passilly Nicolas , Cote Jean-Marc , Cabodevila Gonzalo , Bargiel Sylwester , Lutz Philippe , Xie Huikai , Gorecki Christophe
Published: January 2020

Laser scanning based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) scanners has become very attractive for biomedical endoscopic imaging, such as confocal microscopy or Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). These scanners are required to be fast to achieve real-time image reconstruction while working at low actuation voltage to comply with medical standards. In this context, we report a 2-axis Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) electrothermal micro-scannercapable of imaging large fields of view at high frame rates, e.g. from 10 to 80 frames per second. For this purpose, Lissajous scan parameters are chosen to provide the optimal image quality within the scanner capabilities and the sampling rate limit, resulting from the limited A-scan rate of typical swept-sources used for OCT. Images of 233 px × 203 px and 53 px × 53 px at 10 fps and 61 fps, respectively, are experimentally obtained and demonstrate the potential of this micro-scannerfor high definition and high frame rate endoscopic Lissajous imaging.
Broadband wide-view Pancharatnam–Berry phase deflector
Authors: Zou Junyu , Zhan Tao , Xiong Jianghao , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate a high-efficiency achromatic, wide-view Pancharatnam–Berry phase deflector (PBD) based on a three-layer multi-twist structure. A practical method to measure the thickness and twist angle of liquid crystal (LC) polymer films is developed based on Jones matrix of twist-nematic liquid crystals. With the help of this new measurement method, we fabricated a three-layer multi-twist PBD. The imaging performance and the angular response of the achromatic wide-view PBD are also characterized. Potential application of PBD for near-eye displays is foreseeable.
Topological encoding method for data-driven photonics inverse design
Authors: Liu Zhaocheng , Zhu Zhaoming , Cai Wenshan
Published: January 2020

Data-driven approaches have been proposed as effective strategies for the inverse design and optimization of photonic structures in recent years. In order to assist data-driven methods for the design of topology of photonic devices, we propose a topological encoding method that transforms photonic structures represented by binary images to a continuous sparse representation. This sparse representation can be utilized for dimensionality reduction and dataset generation, enabling effective analysis and optimization of photonic topologies with data-driven approaches. As a proof of principle, we leverage our encoding method for the design of two dimensional non-paraxial diffractive optical elements with various diffraction intensity distributions. We proved that our encoding method is able to assist machine-learning-based inverse design approaches for accurate and global optimization.
On the use of light polarization to investigate the size, shape, and refractive index dependence of backscattering Ångström exponents
Authors: Miffre Alain , Cholleton Danaël , Rairoux Patrick
Published: January 2020

In this Letter, we exploit the polarization property of light to investigate the Ångström exponent describing the wavelength dependence of optical backscatter between two wavelengths. Where previous interpretation of Ångström exponent was that of a particle size indicator, the use of light polarization makes it possible to investigate the Ångström exponent dependence on the particle shape by separately retrieving the backscattering Ångström exponent of the spherical (s) and non-spherical (ns) particles contained in an atmospheric particle mixture

(
p
)
=
{
s
,

n
s

}

. As an output, analytical solutions of the Maxwell’s equations (Lorenz–Mie theory, spheroidal model) can then be applied to investigate the Ångström exponent dependence on the particle size and complex refractive index for each assigned shape. Interestingly, lidar-retrieved vertical profiles of backscattering Ångström exponents specific to

s

- and ns-particles can be used by the optical community to evaluate a range of involved particle sizes and complex refractive indices for both particle shapes,

s

and ns, as we remotely demonstrate on a case study dedicated to a dust nucleation event.
Mid-infrared frequency comb with 6.7 W average power based on difference frequency generation
Authors: Catanese Anthony , Rutledge Jay , Silfies Myles C. , Li Xinlong , Timmers Henry , Kowligy Abijith S. , Lind Alex , Diddams Scott A. , Allison Thomas K.
Published: January 2020

We report on the development of a high-power mid-infrared frequency comb with 100 MHz repetition rate and 100 fs pulse duration. Difference frequency generation is realized between two branches derived from an Er:fiber comb, amplified separately in Yb:fiber and Er:fiber amplifiers. Average powers of 6.7 W and 14.9 W are generated in the 2.9 µm idler and 1.6 µm signal, respectively. With high average power, excellent beam quality, and passive carrier-envelope phase stabilization, this light source is a promising platform for generating broadband frequency combs in the far infrared, visible, and deep ultraviolet.
It’s hard to do fashion in Istanbul – or is it?
Authors: Ulusoy Nilay
Published: January 2020

All major cities have a unique ‘atmosphere’ that influences inhabitants and visitors, and that shapes ideas and objects related to it. The identity of a city is a social construct, and this symbolic, imaginary construct is associated with a specific local production system. With its heritage combining Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman elements and its contemporary urban life, Istanbul is recognized as one of the world’s cultural capitals. Turkey, on the other hand, is one of the world’s leading textile-manufacturing countries, with the majority of products made in and around Istanbul. This is noteworthy at a time when the consumer fashion industry simultaneously is drawing on discourses of exoticism, the primitive, orientalism and authenticity, one factor underlying the breakdown of the monopoly of Milan, Paris, New York and London on fashion. Drawing on primary research undertaken through semi-structured interviews with designers, social media specialists and textile engineers in Turkey, this article provides an overview of the contemporary Turkish fashion industry with a focus on neo-Ottoman style. The article begins by evaluating Istanbul’s contemporary fashion industry and continues with how fashion produced in Istanbul affects Istanbul’s image worldwide, and finally explains how Istanbul reciprocally affects the designs created in this city.
‘Getting Naked with Gok Wan’: A psychoanalytic reading of How To Look Good Naked’s transformational narratives
Authors: Thomadaki Theodora
Published: January 2020

Gok Wan’s television fashion series How To Look Good Naked (Channel 4, 2006–10) has vividly revolutionized the self-improvement genre. By developing a playful, caring and female-friendly makeover platform that values the articulation of emotional experiences in relation to the body, the series facilitates the exploration of the inner layers of subjectivity through the psychological exercises and self-reflective practices that Gok Wan sets out for his subjects. Playful mechanisms of creativity are central to his makeover practice, integrating fashion techniques and stylistic practices to encourage his female participants to reflect upon and make sense of their emotionally troubled experiences in relation to the body. Makeover props belonging to his female subjects play a fundamental role in activating a process of self-reflection and exploration of the self through relatedness. Through the close textual analysis of How To Look Good Naked (Series 2 Episode 6), this article applies Donald Woods Winnicott’s psychoanalytic ideas (1957, 1963, 1960, 1971), to argue that the creative dimensions of Gok Wan’s makeover technique reveal an object relating psychoanalytic process that entails a form of therapeutic playing; one that allows his female participants to restore aspects of self in relation to the body and to gain an emotional awareness of these experiences that leads eventually to self-discovery and self-acceptance. Ultimately, this reading of Gok Wan’s method confirms the emotional and cultural value of makeover narratives to generate rich opportunities that enrich notions of inner-self experience.
Organizar la lucha de masas en tiempos del ’tercer período’: la Revista Comunista del Secretariado Sudamericano de la Comintern (1930-1932)
Authors: Piemonte Víctor Augusto
Published: January 2020

Creado en 1925, el Secretariado Sudamericano fue una de las escasas estructuras regionales que integraron la maquinaria organizativa impulsada por la Internacional Comunista para coordinar acciones del comunismo internacional. En septiembre de 1930 el Secretariado comenzó a editar su órgano teórico: Revista Comunista. En sus páginas se plasmaron diagnósticos referidos a cada uno de los partidos comunistas de Sudamérica y a las diversas situaciones nacionales en las que debían operar. En este sentido, una reposición de aquellas líneas interpretativas de la realidad coyuntural resulta relevante para profundizar y problematizar la comprensión del desarrollo del comunismo sudamericano durante el llamado “tercer período”.
El videojuego como forma de memoria estética
Authors: Venegas Ramos Alberto
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo examina el videojuego histórico como una forma de memoria estética. A través del estudio de distintos títulos recientes y populares ambientados en el pasado, como Call of Duty: WWII (Sledgehammer Games, 2017) y Battlefield V (DICE, 2018) tratamos de definir e ilustrar el concepto de “memoria estética”. Se trata de un concepto entendido como la reproducción de imágenes definitorias y populares de un momento histórico. Se trata de imágenes seleccionadas por distintos grupos sociales, alejados del oficio del historiador, cuya función es consolidar la verosimilitud histórica del producto y que son consideradas canónicas y representativas de un momento concreto.
FILOSOFI DAN PERWUJUDAN PRINSIP TAUHȊDULLAH,DANAL-‘ADÂLAH, DALAMIJÂRAH, DAN IJARAH MUNTAHIA BI-TAMLIK (IMBT)
Authors: Polindi Miko
Published: January 2020

Paper ini menjelaskan tentang bagaimana filosofi dan perwujudan prinsisp Tauhȋdullah dan Al-‘Adalah  dalam ijarah dan Ijarah Muntahia Bi-Tamlik (IMBT). Dalam pembahasannya mengemukakan tentang pengertian prinsip Tauhȋdullah dan Al-‘Adalah, pengertian ijarah, pengertian Ijarah Muntahia Bi-Tamlik (IMBT), dan perwujudan prinsip Tauhȋdullah dalam ijarah dan Ijarah Muntahia Bi-Tamlik (IMBT), serta perwujudan prinsip Al-‘Adalah dalam ijarah dan Ijarah Muntahia Bi-Tamlik (IMBT). Dan menyimpulkan bahwa Prinsip Tauhȋdillah sebagai suatu prinsip yang memberikan aturan yang mengikat antara manusia dengan Rabb-nya, dan prinsip Al-‘Adalah sebagai suatu prinsip yang akan memberikan dampak kerharmonisan kepada sesama manusia, karena dengan adanya nilai-nilai keadilan maka tidak akan ada pihak yang merasa dirugikan atau dizalimi. Sehingga dengan memahami adanya perwujudan Tauhȋdillah dalam ijarah dan Ijarah Muntahia Bi-Tamlik (IMBT), maka sistem ijarah dan IMBT akan diterapkan dengan benar sesuai dengan syariat Islam.
RASIONALITAS MUSLIM TERHADAP PERILAKU ISRAF DALAM KONSUMSI PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Afrina Dita
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn an economic activity, it is prohibited to mix between halal and haram, because this is part of consumption behavior. Seeing how Islamic consumer behavior in consumption is what makes the writer want to analyze the rationality of Israf in consumption by linking the value of values contained in Islamic economics. By using qualitative research methods with literature research, namely by explaining the rationality of Muslims towards israf behavior which will then be explained in the literature on the consumption of Islamic economic perspectives. Where the results of the study show that Muslim rationality is in line with Islamic behavior, by having to consider Israf's actions.Keywords: Rationality, Israf, consumption
Stan wojenny w prowincjach północno-zachodnich Imperium Rosyjskiego i jego wpływ na status prawny poddanych cesarza Aleksandra II (1855-1881)
Authors: Tarkowski Mikołaj
Published: January 2020

W latach 1861-1872 w poszczególnych guberniach północno-zachodnich (wileńskiej, kowieńskiej, grodzieńskiej, mińskiej, witebskiej i mohylewskiej) obowiązywał stan wojenny. Na przestrzeni przeszło dekady władze rosyjskie, na podstawie ukazów oraz instrukcji administracyjnych wprowadziły szereg norm prawnych wpływających bezpośrednio i pośrednio na zakres uprawnień i obowiązków mieszkańców tych ziem, głównie ziemiaństwa litewsko-białoruskiego oraz kleru rzymskokatolickiego. Artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia procesu ewolucji ustawodawstwa rosyjskiego, w okresie obowiązywania stanu wojennego, regulującego status prawno-osobisty mieszkańców prowincji wchodzących w skład Kraju Północno-Zachodniego Imperium Rosyjskiego.
Ze studiów nad początkami klasztoru cystersów w Lądzie: dokument pochodzący rzekomo z 1174 r., związany z reformą wywłaszczeniową salin wielickich
Authors: Pytel Marcin
Published: January 2020

Artykuł jest poświęcony falsyfikatowi z klasztoru w Lądzie, zawierającemu nadanie solne w Wieliczce, datowanego rzekomo na 1174 r. Analiza formularza wskazuje, że falsyfikat ten został sporządzony w drugiej połowie XIII w., najpewniej w latach 70. Do podobnych wniosków prowadzi analiza dyspozycji dyplomu. Zawiera ona zapis nadania solnego koryta soli w Wieliczce, w formie zredukowanej do 12 skojców tygodniowo. Sam przedmiot nadania jest typowy dla XII-wiecznych uposażeń w sól klasztorów reguły cystersów, ale w formie spieniężonej występuje od 1241 r. Falsyfikat ten powstał zapewne w związku z akcją wywłaszczeniową dokonaną przez księcia Bolesława Wstydliwego.
Instrukcja z 23 lipca 1865 roku oraz jej zastosowanie na terenie byłego obwodu białostockiego w latach 1867-1878
Authors: Danieluk Janusz
Published: January 2020

Majątki instrukcyjne były formą własności utworzoną na mocy Instrukcji o zasadach sprzedaży ziemi państwowej w zachodnich guberniach osobom rosyjskiego pochodzenia, odbywającym tam służbę lub pragnącym na stałe się osiedlić, którą wprowadzono w życie 23 lipca / 5 sierpnia 1865 roku. Pierwotnie należały do skarbu państwa lub zostały skonfiskowane uczestnikom powstania styczniowego. Były sprzedawane przez Ministerstwo Dóbr Państwowych - za pośrednictwem władz gubernialnych - zasłużonym osobom rosyjskiego pochodzenia (urzędnikom cywilnym i wojskowym) w celu zachęcenia ich do stałego osiedlenia się w zachodnich guberniach Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego. Wartość nieruchomości instrukcyjnych (wyliczana na podstawie 10-krotności rocznego dochodu uzyskiwanego z majątku, powiększonego o 10%) była znacznie niższa od ich ceny rynkowej. Majątki instrukcyjne stanowiły ograniczoną formę własności. Nie mogły być odsprzedawane, dzierżawione, zastawiane zarządzane przez osoby polskiego i żydowskiego pochodzenia. Zezwolenie na ich sprzedaż bądź zakup każdorazowo wydawał Minister Dóbr Państwowych. W przypadku naruszenia powyższych warunków, właściciel mógł zostać pozbawiony przez państwo nabytej nieruchomości.W guberni grodzieńskiej sprzedano około 178 majątków instrukcyjnych, z czego w powiatach należących do byłego obwodu białostockiego - 45. Spośród majątków sprzedanych na obszarze byłego obwodu, 35 stanowiło folwarki skarbowe (tzw. fermy). Natomiast pozostałych 10 zostało skonfiskowanych polskim ziemianom za ich udział w postaniu styczniowym.Organy państwowe dysponowały rozległymi dobrami byłej ekonomii grodzieńskiej (ponad 7 tys. ha), które chciały wykorzystać do celów osadnictwa rosyjskiego. Niewielka liczba majątków skonfiskowanych przeznaczonych na sprzedaż, wynikała z faktu, że większość z nich była zadłużona wobec banków ziemskich oraz innych wierzycieli. Majątki instrukcyjne były sprzedawane w latach 1868-1878 i przyczyniły się do siedmiokrotnego zwiększenia liczby rosyjskich właścicieli ziemskich w trzech zachodnich powiatach guberni grodzieńskiej (z 7. w 1863 roku do 52. w 1878 r.). Instrukcja zainicjowała również proces prywatyzacji dużego odsetka własności skarbowej (58% powierzchni gruntów państwowych).Instrukcja przyniosła – z perspektywy Imperium Rosyjskiego - najlepsze efekty spośród wszystkich ustaw antypolskich uchwalonych w latach 1865-1875. Zmieniała strukturę własności ziemskiej na korzyść rosyjskich posiadaczy oraz częściowo zahamowała możliwość wykupu ziemi państwowej przez osoby polskiego pochodzenia.
Poetyka postpiśmienna
Authors: Gorliński-Kucik Piotr
Published: January 2020

Jacek Dukaj w swoim najnowszym tomie esejów Po piśmie ujmuje dzieje człowieka jako ewolucję form uzewnętrzniania przeżyć, których ostatnim stadium jest bezpośredni transfer przeżyć. Drugim z najważniejszych tu zagadnień jest upodmiotowienie narzędzia. Tekst śledzi wcześniejsze realizacje tych koncepcji w utworach literackich autora Lodu, a także porównuje jego dyskurs z innymi współczesnymi narracjami o dziejach i przyszłości homo sapiens (głównie – Yuvala Noah Harariego).
Increasing Role of Mediation in Conflict Resolution in the Family
Authors: Karaszewska Hanna , Rajewska de Mezer Joanna , Silecka-Marek Ewelina
Published: January 2020

Conflict-related and disputable situations have been present in our lives since ancient times, when people have become aware of the need to protect their rights and interests, sometimes at odds with the aspirations of others. The conflict that emerges between people disturbs their relationships and poses a threat to the proper functioning of people, bringing with them negative emotions. However, it can be an opportunity for development, be treated as a change in interpersonal relationships and can ultimately produce positive effects. Mediation offers a possibility of converting the negative aspects of the conflict into constructive solutions. Being voluntary, confidential, non-formal, out-of-court proceedings, it enables the parties to come to an agreement, offering them the opportunity to actively participate in shaping the legal and social situation and exercising their rights and interests in the spirit of consensus. In the mediation process, the parties use the support of a professional, impartial, neutral mediator. The authors of the article promote the idea of mediation with full conviction that it is a valuable and effective way for conflicted parties and third parties and their relatives to reach a consensus on various issues, including family matters.