bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite diversity analysis and QTL identification among progenies derived from aerobic Ã— basmati rice (Oryza sativa) cross under direct-seeded conditions
Authors: MEENA RAHUL KUMAR , KUMAR KULDEEP , BHUSAL NABIN , JAIN RAJINDER KUMAR , JAIN SUNITA
Published: October 2022

The present investigation was designed to identify QTL associated with various traits under aerobic condition using F3 and F4 population derived from the cross MASARB25 (aerobic rice) and IB370 (basmati rice). The phenotyping was done in both field and net house conditions during the kharif seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15. The result indicated high variation among the population for studied traits and parabolic frequency distribution was recorded for panicle length, effective number of tillers/plant, 1000-grain weight while, for grain length/breadth ratio and root thickness, frequency distribution curve were skewed toward MASARB25. Composite interval mapping identified total 16 QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 and 12 during both the years. Maximum QTL were detected for grain lengthbreadth ratio. LOD score of these QTLs ranged from 2.88 (qENT12.1) to 5.51 (qLB3.1) and explained 61.63% and 69.04% variance, respectively. The QTL mapped for grain yield/plant (qGYP6.1) on chromosome 6 had LOD score of 2.90 and explained 28.4% phenotypic variation. The identified QTL in present investigation showed high phenotypic variation, hence after validation these QTLs could be used for the improvement of rice under aerobic condition.
Cost efficiency of principal crops in Bihar (India) – A stochastic frontier approach
Authors: SINGH K M , AHMAD NASIM , SINHA D K , KUMAR ABHAY , SINGH R K P
Published: October 2022

In the present study, an attempt has been made to test the cost efficiency of cereal crops like paddy, wheat and maize separately in the state of Bihar using Stochastic Cost Frontier model. It has been tried to determine the determinants of cost inefficiencies. The study is also aimed to know the factors affecting the cost inefficiencies in production of major cereals of the state so as to ascertain proper steps to increase cost efficiency in production. Most important observation emerged that there existed non-linear relationship between cost inefficiency and farm category. Cost inefficiency first increased with the increase of farm size then it decreased. In case of paddy mechanization could negatively affect the cost inefficiency and proportion to family labour in total labour was found positive implying increase in cost inefficiency. But in wheat, family labour showed positive value, indicating thereby increase in cost inefficiency. In case of maize, coefficient of fertilizer use was observed positive indicating increase in cost inefficiency. Coefficients of land holding size were positive in all the crops for all categories of farms. This advocated non-linear relation between farm category and cost inefficiency which showed larger farms were less cost efficient. The cost inefficiency depends on proportion of family labour, mechanization, type of seed used. The result enables to identify the determinants of cost inefficiency, which will certainly guide the state to adopt suitable policies. Farmers may be made aware about rational allocation of resources to reduce cost and make farming cost efficient.
Genetic variability, Genotype × Environment interaction for grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) backcross inbred lines population under different moisture regimes
Authors: P SHASHIKUMARA , HARIKRISHNA HARIKRISHNA , JAIN NEELU , SINHA NIVEDITA , CHAUHAN DIVYA , PHUKE RAHUL M , AMBATI DIVYA , SINGH J B , PRASAD S V SAI , SINGH G P , PRABHU K V , SINGH P K
Published: October 2022

Drought stress is well known phenomenon that affects the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Knowledge on genetic variation, genotype × environment interaction and association between physiological and yield component traits is crucial for the development of improved varieties having high yield and water use efficiency. The present study consists of 280 backcross inbred lines (BILs) population evaluated for grain yield and morpho-physiological traits for two years at three locations. Combined ANOVA unfolded significant variability among traits in BILs population for yield and morpho-physiological traits.Grain yield showed significant association with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil plant analysis development (SPAD), thousand grain weight (TGW), and canopy temperature (CT). The genotype, environment and genotype ×environment interaction for yield was highly significant (p< 0.01). ASV (AMMI stability value) was calculated and top 29 genotypes were selected and further analyzed with AMMI and GGE biplot analysis for dissecting out genotype × environment interaction. The results classified genotypes G82, G202, G234, G263, G6, G192 and G77 are most stable and high yielding genotypes.
Effect of nutrients sources on spring maize (Zea mays) and its residual effect on succeeding basmati rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Prasad Govind , Kumar Parveen , Rinwa Ran Singh , Singh Abhinaw Kumar , Sharma K D
Published: October 2022

A two-year field experiment was carried out at Regional Research Station, Karnal during 2016 and 2017 to study the effect of different nutrient sources on spring maize (Zea mays L.) and succeeding basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) utilizing four organic manures [pressmud @7.5 t ha-1, vermicompost @ 7.5 t ha-1, farmyard manure @15 t ha-1 and control] and six fertilizer levels [135 , 180 kg N ha-1, 135 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, 180 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, 75% RDF and 100% RDF]. The results of the study revealed that the application of pressmud and vermicompost applied each at 7.5 t ha-1 recorded the higher dry matter accumulation, cob length, cob girth, number of kernels/cob, test weight and yield (grain and biological) of spring maize over no organic manure treatment. Increase in grain and biological yield of maize with application of pressmud over farmyard manure was 8.4 and 10.1%, and 7.97 and 9.61% during 2016 and 2017, respectively. Among fertilizer levels, application of 100% RDF being at par with 75% RDF and 180 kg Nha-1 + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded the higher dry matter accumulation, yield attributes and yield of maize.The residual effect of 100% RDF being at par with 75% RDF and 180 kg N ha-1+ 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 was found superior over 135 kg N ha-1 with respect to yield attributes and yield of basmati rice.
Influence of seed rate and fertilizer levels on agro physiological parameters and yield of dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Harender Harender , Hooda V S , Sodhi Amit , Kavita Kavita , Kavinder Kavinder
Published: October 2022

The experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Agronomy, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi season of the year 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the influence of seed rate and fertilizer levels on agro-physiological parameters and yield of dual purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Four treatments, viz: C 306 without cut (S1), C 306 with cut at 60 DAS (S2), WH 1105 without cut (S3), WH 1105 with cut at 60 DAS (S4) in main plot and six seed rate and fertilizer combinations, viz: 100 kg/ha seed rate + 100% RDF (M1), 100 kg/ha seed rate + 115% RDF (M2), 100 kg/ha seed rate + 130% RDF (M3), 125 kg/ha seed rate + 100% RDF (M4), 125 kg/ha seed rate + 115% RDF (M5), 125 kg/ha seed rate + 130% RDF (M6) in subplot with three replications were laid out in split-plot design. Results of this study indicate that wheat plant population was not influenced by different cultivars and different dose of fertilizers, but it was significantly affected by seed rate and fertilizer levels. Plant population was significantly higher (55.66 and 54.55/m.r.l.) in wheat sown at 125 kg/ha seed rate with 130% RDF over wheat sown at 100 kg/ha seed rate with either dose of fertilizer during both the years. Significantly higher dry matter accumulation (417.41 and 384.10 g/m.r.l. at harvest), LAI and total tillers were recorded in WH 1105 under without cut management, whereas, significantly taller plants (140.55 and 136.19 cm at harvest) was recorded in C 306 under without cut management. While comparing the seed rate and fertilizer combination treatments, significantly higher dry matter accumulation (320.88 and 295.87 g/m.r.l. at harvest), plant height (115.92 and 113.01 cm at harvest), LAI and total tillers was recorded in wheat sown at 125 kg/ha seed rate with 130% RDF. Significantly higher grain yield (6590 and 6091 kg/ha) was recorded in WH 1105 under without cut management sown at 125 kg/ha seed rate with 130% RDF over C 306 under either cut management sown at either seed rate with either fertilizer levels during both years, which was statistically at par with WH 1105 sown at 125 kg/ha seed rate with 115% RDF and WH 1105 sown at 100 kg/ha seed rate with 130% RDF.
Effect of tillage, residue and nitrogen management on soil physical properties, root growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: BAG KOUSHIK , Bandyopadhyay K K , SEHGAL V K , Datta S P , SARANGI A , PANDEY R , KRISHNAN P
Published: October 2022

A study was conducted on a semi-arid climate and sandy loam soils of Indian Agricultural Research Institute farm, New Delhi to evaluate the short-term (5 years) interactions of tillage, residue and nitrogen management on soil physical properties, root growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a maize-wheat cropping system in a split-split plot design comprising two tillage (No tillage and conventional tillage), two residue levels (no residue, maize residue @ 5 t ha-1) and three nitrogen doses (N60, N120 and N180) as the main plot, sub plot and sub subplot treatments, respectively. It was observed that bulk density (up to 45 cm), penetration resistance (10-27 cm depth) reduced under no tillage and residue applied plots while the porosity (15-60 cm), mean weight diameter (0-15 cm), organic carbon (0-15 cm) improved in these treatments. The hydraulic conductivity was significantly enhanced due to residue applications in the surface layers (0-15cm). Root growth parameters were improved under no tillage and crop residue mulching. Although neither tillage nor residue mulching could significantly influence the grain and biomass yield of wheat on two years of study (2017-18, 2018-19), yield increased significantly with increasing nitrogen doses. Thus no tillage, residue mulching with 150% recommended dose of nitrogen can be practised for maintaining a better soil physical health, root growth without any significant reduction in crop productivity compared to conventional tillage.
Design, development and performance evaluation of tractor-drawn raised-bed pulse-planter for precision sowing of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: KUMAR RAJEEV , SAHOO PRAMOD KUMAR , CHOUDHARY ANIL K , INDRAMANI INDRAMANI
Published: October 2022

In order to promote pulse productivity in India, our government has given prime emphasis on farm mechanization in pulse farming so as to enhance their acreage and productivity under pulses. In this direction, IARI-New Delhi has developed a tractor-drawn ‘single-row/double-row raised-bed pulse-planter for pigeonpea (SR/DR-RB-PP)’ during 2014–2019. This pulse-planter consisted of inclined plate metering mechanism, chassis, power transmission system, raised-bed maker, etc. For designing of the cells in the incline plate of metering mechanism of planter, the physical properties of pigeonpea (Cajanus canja (L) Millsp) seeds were studied thoroughly. Bulk density, true density, 100-seed weight and sphericity of the pigeonpea seed ‘Var. Pusa–992’ were computed as 0.804±0.012 g/cc, 1.28±0.016 g/cc, 8.52±0.48 g and 0.81, respectively. Dimensions of chassis i.e. frame of planter were decided based on the mathematical calculations along with static simulation for stress analysis in ‘Creo-Simulation CAD 1.0 Designing Software’. Draft of developed pulse-planter was measured with 3-point dynamometer as 480±75 kgf. Recommended sowing travel speed, field capacity and field efficiency of tractor-drawn ‘SR/DR-RB-PP pulse-planter’ was 1.5–2.0 km/h, 0.2 ha/h and 83.8%, respectively. SR/DR-RB-PP planter worked satisfactory during field test. Developed pulse-planter was field tested, refined and validated at ICAR-IARI-Agronomy Research Farm, New Delhi during 2017–2019 for consecutive 3-years in Randomized Block Design (RBD) replicated 4-times for its agronomic performance compared with manual sowing of pigeonpea. On an average, the variation in grain yield under raised-bed double-row manual-sowing (RB–DR–MS) and raised-bed double-row pulse-planter sowing (RB-DR-PPS) was 1.18% while in raised-bed single-row manual-sowing (RB–SR–MS) and raised-bed single-row pulse-planter sowing (RB–SR–PPS), it was 2.43%. Grain, stover and biological yield followed the trend of RB-DR-MS>RB-DR-PPS>RB-SR-MS>RB-SR-PPS>FB-DR-MS>FB-SR-MS, respectively. Overall, RB–DR–PPS and RB–DR–MS were equally best performers w.r.t. grain and stover yield in pigeonpea. Thus, ‘SR/DR-RB-PP pulse-planter’ holds great promises in mechanization of pigeonpea sowing both in single-row and double-row raised-beds for improving the pigeonpea acreage and productivity coupled with time-saving and drudgery reduction so as to enhance farm productivity and farm incomes.
ПРОКАЛЬЦИТОНИН – МАРКЕР НЕИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У НЕДОНОШЕННЫХ ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Рустамов Бахтиёр
Published: October 2022

В данном обзоре представлены сведения результатов научной работы посвященной изучению прокальцитонина у недоношенных детей. Установлено, что причиной повышения уровня прокальцитонина у недоношенных новорожденных детей могут быть и неинфекционные факторы. Поэтому для диагностики сепсиса пороговые значения концентрации прокальцитонина в первые несколько суток жизни отличаются от общепризнанных референсных показателей. Определено  повышение концентрации прокальцитонина в плазме крови в первые несколько суток жизни и в нормальных физиологических условиях. Динамика снижения концентрации прокальцитонина у недоношенных детей существенно медленнее, чем у доношенных.

Доказано,  повышение уровня прокальцитонина влияет не только инфекционный фактор, но и неинфекционные причины: респираторный дистресс_синдром, транзиторное тахипноэ новорожденных, пневмоторакс, врожденная диафрагмальная грыжа, гемодинамическая недостаточность, асфиксия при рождении и необходимость в реанимации. Рекомендовано интерпретировать показатели прокальцитонина следует не изолированно, а в комплексе с клиническими данными.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of ground husk of cocoa bean with and without xylitol on Streptococcus Mutans – An in-vitro study.
Authors:   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Nair hospital dental college, Mumbai, Chaudhari Amit , Hegde - Shetiya , Sahana ,   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Pune, Chaudhari Priya ,   Department of Prosthodontics, RRK dental college, Akola, Kamble Seema ,   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Nair hospital dental college, Mumbai
Published: October 2022

Background: Dental caries is a disease that occurs when bacteria, predominantly Streptococcus mutans, colonizes the tooth surface and metabolizes the dietary carbohydrates to acids, resulting in demineralization of teeth. Interventions that can inhibit the growth and survival of streptococcus mutans are crucial to reduce dental caries. Cocoa bean husks, extracted from the shells of cocoa beans have shown to possess anti glucosyltransferase and antibacterial activities. Aim of our study was to evaluate in-vitro antimicrobial activity of ground husk of cocoa beans with and without xylitol on streptococcus mutans. Methods – The study was carried out using 96 well microtiter plate and these were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of Extracted powder of cocoa bean (CBH), Group II was of extracted powder of cocoa bean and xylitol (CBH+X) and Group III consisted of Chlorhexidine (0.12%) (CHX). Minimum Inhibitory concentration was assessed using 96 well micro-titer plate. Standardized strain of Streptococcus Mutans 25175D was used. Results – No anti-microbial activity was seen for group I (CBH) and group II (CBH+X) at concentrations of 0.3%. However, chlorhexidine (0.12%) showed its antibacterial activity at its first concentration only. Conclusions – It was found that ground husk of cocoa bean at 0.3% does not possess any antimicrobial property in in-vitro trial. Addition of xylitol had no effect on increasing antibacterial property.
PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE DA MULHER
Authors: Silva Iara Nadine Vieira da Paz , Pinheiro Ana Maria Pearce Area Leão , Silva Filho Paulo Sérgio da Paz , Mota Lennara Pereira
Published: October 2022

O E-BOOK “PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE DA MULHER” através de trabalhos científicos aborda em seus 35 capítulos o conhecimento multidisciplinar que compõe sobre a saúde da mulher. Almeja-se que a leitura deste e-book possa incentivar o desenvolvimento de estratégias de atuação coletiva e educacional, visando promoção da saúde da mulher. A partir das primeiras décadas do século XX, a atenção à saúde da mulher passou a fazer parte das políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil. No entanto, nas décadas de 30, 40 e 50 a mulher era vista basicamente como mãe e “dona de casa”. Na década de 60, diversos países se voltaram para controlar a natalidade e destacou-se a atenção do Estado às mulheres em idade fértil. Assim, os programas de “controle da natalidade” ganharam destaque no final da década de 70, negando atenção às reais necessidades ou preferências das mulheres, que ficavam relegadas em segundo plano.
Creating Team Competency for Idea Generation and Implementation of Energy Efficient Innovation in Buildings
Authors: Intrachooto Singh , Lin Tina , Chu Caroline , Hsu Jovan
Published: October 2022

This paper reports the initial findings of an ongoing study that aims to identify the mechanisms that foster technical innovation in the building industry, specifically energy efficient innovations. Building practice is a complex and collective endeavor, which involves a large number of different parties (knowledge experts, manufacturers, and suppliers), specialized design, and a variety of types of contracts. These collaborative efforts, however, do not necessarily produce a technologically innovative building due to other forces such as economics, preferences, and constructability. Nonetheless, it is clear that some buildings are more innovative while others maintain the traditional conventions. The investigation finds that team competency or ‘relational competence’ of team members to achieve Energy Efficient Innovation (EEI) in buildings depends largely on the commitment of project participants and their collaborative climate, which, in turn, is a function of five interrelated factors: Green alliance and criteria formulation; value-based relationship; feedback cycle; green driver and leadership; and the prospect of future collaboration.
การคํานวณพลศาสตร์ของไหลเพื่อการออกแบบการระบายอากาศโดยวิธีธรรมชาติ: แนวทางสําหรับบ้านในประเทศไทย
Authors: ตันตสวัสดิ์ เฉลิมวัฒน์
Published: October 2022

บทความนี้เสนอผลการศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ในการพัฒนาแนวทางในการใช้การระบายอากาศโดยวิธีธรรมชาติซึ่งเป็นหนึ่งในวิธีการปรับอากาศโดยวิธีธรรมชาติสําหรับการออกแบบบ้านในประเทศไทยโดยศึกษาผ่านการคํานวณพลศาสตร์ของไหล (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) รายละเอียดของการศึกษาประกอบไปด้วยพัฒนาการของบ้านไทยจากอดีตสู่ปัจจุบันที่มีอิทธิพลจากสภาพภูมิอากาศวัฒนธรรมและเทคโนโลยีการศึกษาสภาวะน่าสบายของคนไทยและสภาพภูมิอากาศของเขตกรุงเทพมหานครพบว่าการใช้การระบายอากาศโดยวิธีธรรมชาติสามารถทําได้ในช่วงเวลาร้อยละ20 ต่อปีสําหรับบ้านชานเมือง การวิเคราะห์การวางผังที่เหมาะสมสําหรับการใช้ลมธรรมชาติโดยบ้านที่มีรูปทรงกระชับก่อให้เกิดการระบายอากาศที่ดีกว่าบ้านรูปทรงยาว การวิเคราะห์จากการออกแบบบ้านตัวอย่างพบว่าขนาดของช่องเปิดที่เหมาะสมมีขนาดไม่น้อยกว่าร้อยละ 40 ของพื้นที่ใช้สอยทั้งหมดและการสรุปผลเพื่อสร้างแนวทางในการวางผังและออกแบบบ้านที่เหมาะสมกับการใช้การระบายอากาศโดยวิธีธรรมชาติในประเทศไทย
Typology and Life Style Analysis of the Raft House (Ruan Pae) in Riverine Settlements in Thailand
Authors: Denpaiboon Chaweewan , Tohiguchi Mamoru , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Seiyu
Published: October 2022

This paper describes two areas concerning raft houses in Thailand for the purpose of (1) the classification of the raft house typology, measured by field surveys and mapping, and (2) the study of the way of life of the inhabitants and their satisfaction towards living in the raft houses, as well as the conditions of the raft house settlements, as researched by questionnaires and in-depth interviews. This study encompasses three subareas of study including (1) the physical features of the raft houses, (2) the way of living in them, and (3) the coexistence of the inhabitants, water and land. It is found that: (1) the typological features are varied by location, function and life style, (2) the conditions of the inhabitants in the raft houses are insecure for today’s living, (3) the existence of the raft house communities depends on the coexistence of the environments of water and mankind.
Facility Management: Space/Place Management for the Future Environment
Authors: Marome Wijitbusaba
Published: October 2022

In the world of increasingly complex and dynamic variables, the requirement to solve the right problem takes precedence over solving the problem right. Facility Management (FM), the emerging 21th century profession addressing the need of the age focused upon clarity, human understanding and the science of organization of information, is a multidisciplinary or transdisciplinary profession. FM draws on theories and principles of “people”, “processes”, and “places” of organizations rather than serving cost-cutting competencies and downsizing of organizations only. Considering the national crisis, Facility Management is a valid and sustainable remedy as a tool not as the ultimatum. It would be better recognized and gradually accepted to Thai style of working. Through collective reviews and analyzing some concepts of resource management, the requirement of Facility Management within today’s social contexts, and the principles of Facility Management are introduced in this article. A view of rapidly developing professional field of Facility Management is introduced and referred to its related aspects focusing on the concept of today’s workplace and tomorrow’s workspace to arouse public awareness to become more conscious about what is really happening around individuals.
Building Design Guidelines to Minimize Impacts from Terrorism
Authors: Rittironk Supreedee
Published: October 2022

The word “Terrorism” used to be a foreign term to the people of Thailand. Today, however, globalization plus technology have driven everything closer together. Thus, terrorism should no longer be a stranger to us. Although there might not be as many terrorism incidents in Thailand as in some other countries, the possibilities of attack still remain a factor for architects and engineers when designing buildings. This article begins with the facts about terrorism. Then, a few ideas are presented to be used as guidelines for design professionals, when dealing with the new awareness of terrorism. Site and building planning, strengthening structure against impact, code compliance and the sub-office and the idea of decentralization are the main topics of discussion. The ideas are not meant to prevent acts of terrorism or to protect buildings entirely. Unfortunately, it is nearly impossible to prevent attacks. This article suggests that we, as design professionals, can find ways to minimize the impact of terrorist acts or discourage those acts altogether in order to protect ourselves and our property from becoming soft targets.
เรขาคณิตเศษส่วนในสถาปัตยกรรมและผังเมือง
Authors: ประเสริฐสุข สันติรักษ์
Published: October 2022

การเปลี่ยนผ่านจากทัศนะแม่บททางวิทยาศาสตร์แบบเดิมไปสู่ทัศนะแม่บทแบบใหม่ ซึ่งอยู่ภายใต้วิทยาศาสตร์แบบซับซ้อน ได้ส่งผลต่อความรู้และการทำความเข้าใจต่อชีวิตของมนุษย์แทบทุกระดับ การเปลี่ยนผ่านนี้ได้นำไปสู่การปฏิวัติอันยิ่งใหญ่ครั้งหนึ่งของมนุษยชาติ ทั้งด้านสังคมและวัฒนธรรม ผลกระทบที่สำคัญประการหนึ่งคือ การเปลี่ยนแปลงของภูมิความรู้ในเชิงคณิตศาสตร์และเรขาคณิต ซึ่งเดิมวางอยู่บน ‘ระบบเรขาคณิตแบบยูคลิค’ มาอย่างยาวนาน
ความรู้ทางวิทยาศาสตร์แบบซับซ้อนได้ก่อให้เกิด ‘เรขาคณิตเศษส่วน’ อันเป็นระบบเรขาคณิตซึ่งถือกำเนิดใหม่ในต้นคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 20 เรขาคณิตแบบเศษส่วนเปลี่ยนแปลงมโนคติ การรับรู้ และความเข้าใจของมนุษย์ ต่อระบบของสิ่งมีชีวิตและปรากฏการณ์ทางธรรมชาติ เป็นระบบที่ถูกนำมาใช้ในการอธิบายและวิเคราะห์รูปร่างอันไม่เป็นระเบียบ ซึ่งพบโดยทั่วไปในธรรมชาติ ทั้งในสิ่งมีชีวิตและสิ่งไม่มีชีวิต เรขาคณิตส่วนประกอบด้วยโครงสร้างหรือลวดลาย ซึ่งส่วนย่อยมีลักษณะคล้ายรูปทรงส่วนใหญ่ถูกย่อลง ลักษณะ ‘ความคล้ายตนเอง’ นี้ สะท้อนถึงความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างลวดลายในส่วนย่อยกับส่วนรวม
เรขาคณิตส่วนไม่เพียงพอไม่เพียงแต่เป็นเครื่องมือสำหรับนักคณิตศาสตร์และนักวิทยาศาสตร์ในการสำรวจธรรมชาติเท่านั้น แต่ยังส่งผลถึงการสร้างสรรค์ผลงานทางศิลปะ สถาปัตยกรรม ตลอดจนการเติบโตของเมืองอีกด้วย การนำเอาเรขาคณิตเศษส่วนมาใช้ในการออกแบบสถาปัตยกรรมนั้น ปรากฏในการวางผังอาคาร รูปทรงภายนอก มิติที่ว่างและลวดลายบนพื้นผิวของอาคาร ส่วนในการผังเมืองนั้น ระบบเรขาคณิตเศษส่วนสามารถใช้อธิบายการเจริญเติบโตและการจัดระบบภายในของเมืองอันซับซ้อนได้เป็นอย่างดี
Study of Infrastructure Investment Planning regarding Tourism Development of Sukhothai Historical Park: Alternatives and Socio-Economic Impacts to the Local Communities
Authors: Rongwiriyaphanich Suwanna
Published: October 2022

Since 1987, the Thai government has recognized and begun adopting a new approach of developmentby slowly shifting focus away from a growth orientation approach to a balanced socio-economic developmentapproach as mentioned in the Eighth National Economic and Social Development Plan (1997-2001) aimingto improve the well-being of all people in the Thai society.

Though the idea has been limited to development at the regional level at the beginning, thegovernment has latterly realized an importance of development at the local level with respect to thepotentials, preferences, and functions of the area.

As a case study, this study, therefore, aims to investigate and evaluate socio-economic impactspotentially created to the local communities with regard to the required additional infrastructure investmentto support tourism development of Sukhothai Historical Park and the associated historical towns by thetwo alternatives, i.e. to develop Phitsanulok-the so-called regional-oriented development approach and todevelop Sukhothai-the so-called local-oriented development approach, based on development objectives ofthe present development plans and policies using a scientific method.
Communities’ Environment Improvement Network: Strategy and Process toward Sustainable Urban Poor Housing Development
Authors: Posriprasert Prayong , Usavagovitwong Nattawut
Published: October 2022

“Baan Mankong” program is presently the government’s major policy in urban poor housingdevelopment in Thailand, undertaken by Community Organization Development Institute (CODI). The mainstrategy of the program is to upgrade living conditions, secure tenure as well as community capacitybuilding through communities’ self-proposed projects and people participation process. This paper isderived from the experience in the development practice of a case study on Bang Bua canal in Bangkok,where on both sides of the waterfront are presently illegally occupied by a group of neighborhoods. Thesecommunities have invaded into public land and settled their housing trespassing into the canal. Theprevious attempts by the local authority to evict the waterfront urban poor communities, for being thecause of water pollutions and other associated environmental problems, had led to a long conflict in urbandevelopment.

To achieve the goals of sustainable community development, it is vital that not only the coreproblems of urban poor housing such as the lack of secure tenure and development funding are systematicallysolved, but also to evoke residents’ participation and people awareness on environment related issues.The Bang Boa community development scheme under the “Baan ManKong” program is expected to highlightinitial guidelines and strategies for urban poor settlements’ redevelopment of other waterfront area ofBangkok. This paper will discuss how the process of community capacity building and empowerment havebeen undertaken and will be initiated, particularly in establishing various networks as a significantdevelopment strategy.
Potential Interaction of Pre-emergence Herbicides and the Efficacy of Insecticide and Fungicide Seed Treatments in Cotton
Authors: Vineyard Cory J. , Kelly Heather , Steckel Larry , Stewart Scott
Published: October 2022

The increasing presence of glyphosate-tolerant weeds has increased the use of pre-emergence herbicides in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., grown in Tennessee during the last 5 to 8 years. These herbicides could have negative effects on seedling growth and potentially affect thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) management or seedling disease with at-planting insecticides or fungicides. Experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the potential interactions of pre-emergence herbicides on the efficacy of insecticide or fungicide seed treatments in cotton. Nontreated plots and plots treated with a thiamethoxam seed treatment generally exhibited higher number of thrips, more thrips injury, less vigor, delayed maturity, and lower yields compared to plots treated with an imidacloprid seed treatment or an in-furrow application of aldicarb. Similarly, fungicide seed treatments generally reduced the incidence of seedling disease (primarily Rhizoctonia), while improving seedling health and stand density. Negative effects of some pre-emergence herbicides on plant health also were observed. For example, combination treatments of fluometuron plus S-metolachlor or fluometuron plus fomesafen reduced plant vigor and seedling biomass and there was a tendency for higher thrips populations where pre-emergence herbicides were used. There were no substantial interactions between injury caused by pre-emergence herbicides and that caused by thrips or seedling disease suggesting that thrips, seedling disease, and herbicide injury acted independently and additively. Following herbicide label rates should reduce the risk of compounding the effects of thrips or seedling disease with herbicide injury.
Relationships of Plant Trichomes to Yield and Fiber Quality Parameters in Upland Cotton
Authors: Bourland Freddie M. , Gbur Edward E.
Published: October 2022

Botanically, the hair on leaves, stems and bracts, as well as the fibers on seed are plant trichomes. Reducing trichomes on cotton leaves, stems and bracts can reduce trash in ginned cotton lint, but might negatively impact fibers on seed and other parameters. Our objective was to determine the impact of reducing trichomes on leaves, stems and bracts on number and density of fibers on seed and on other agronomic and fiber quality parameters. Trichome (leaf, stem and bract), agronomic (9 parameters) and fiber quality (6 parameters) data were extracted from the Keiser location of the Advanced and New Strain Tests (2006-2015) and the Main and 1st year Variety Test (2007-2015) in Arkansas. All agronomic and fiber quality data were analyzed using PROC GLM and a linear mixed model (PROC MIXED in SAS) with leaf pubescence, stem pubescence and bract trichomes as independent variables. Trends for trichome measures in Strain Tests differed from trends in Variety Tests. Leaf and stem pubescence influenced more parameters than bract trichome density. Increased leaf pubescence was related to higher yields in each test and with higher fibers seed-1 and fiber density in the Strain (but not the Variety) Tests. Bract trichome density did not affect any parameter (except fiber strength) in the University of Arkansas (UA) Cotton Breeding Program. Compared to leaf and stem pubescence, bract trichome density appears to have fewer adverse relationships with yield and quality parameters. Reducing bract trichome density should be the optimum method to lower plant hairiness in Upland cotton.
Precision Farming Adoption Trends in the Southern U.S.
Authors: Zhou Xia "Vivian" , English Burton C. , Larson James A. , Lambert Dayton M. , Roberts Roland K. , Boyer Christopher N. , Velandia Margarita , Falconer Lawrence L. , Martin Steve W.
Published: October 2022

Studies investigating temporal and geographic adoption of precision farming technologies (PFT) are valuable for researchers, consultants, and farmers to make more informed production decisions. Focusing on southern U.S. cotton producers, the objective of this study was to assess the timing trends and geographic patterns of PFT adoption. Data were obtained from a mail survey of cotton producers in 14 southern states in 2013. The overall PFT adoption level was 73.5%. Specifically, the adoption level was 40.9% for information gathering (IG), 67% for global positioning system-guidance (GPSG), 25.3% for variable rate application (VRA), and 29.3% for automatic section control technologies (ASC). The cumulative adoption level across years generally fit the logistic function curve for the various PFT evaluated in this study. The peak annual adoption growth was 4.0% in 2008 for IG, 6.8% in 2010 for GPSG, 4.4% in 2010 for VRA, and 7.2% in 2010 for ASC. Geographically, cotton farmers in the Corn Belt region had the highest PF adoption level (91.7%), followed by the Mississippi Delta region (80.7%) and the Northern and Southern Plains region (75.4%). The lowest PF adoption level was in the Southeast region (65.2%). Of the four PFT categories, GPSG was the most widely adopted. The geographic technology adoption patterns are valuable for farm input dealers to target potential buyers of PFT. This study provides researchers with valuable PFT adoption trends among southern cotton farmers and helps producers make more informed adoption decisions.
Genetic Analysis of Fiber Color Using Segregations of Color Parameters in Cotton
Authors: Aykut Tonk Fatma , Tosun Muzaffer , İştipliler Deniz , İlker Emre , Reçber Ayşe
Published: October 2022

Fiber color in cotton is a genetically inherited trait resulting from the presence of pigments intermingled with cellulose. Electronic shade-matching instruments can be used to determine objectively the color of cotton fiber. The objectives of this study were to investigate brown to white fiber color segregation in the F2 population of ‘Carmen’ (white fiber) x ‘Devetüyü-176’ (brown fiber) using an electronic shade-matching instrument (chromameter) and compare those results to visual color analysis. The results demonstrated that transgressive segregations were identified for all fiber color parameters in the F2 population. The fiber color parameters (L, ∆L, a, b, ∆a, ∆b, and ∆E) and the visual analysis were considered separately. Each parameter appeared to be controlled by a different single gene displaying complete or partial dominance of the brown color over white except L and ∆L. In summary, the results obtained from the use of the chromameter will aid in the reproducible and quantifiable determination of cotton fiber color and reduce observation errors inherent in visual analysis. This would be most useful in colored cotton breeding programs and in selection and in the monitoring of color drift.
Improving Cotton Warehousing Efficiencies through Novel Bale Marketing Strategies: Aisle-Stacking and Block-Stacking
Authors: Hazelrigs Lauren , Faulkner William B. , Lacey Ronald E. , Robinson John , Parnell Jr. Calvin B.
Published: October 2022

The National Cotton Council’s Vision 21 Cotton Flow Study sought to improve the flow of cotton from the gin to the warehouse. The primary objective of the study was to identify cotton flow strategies, systems, and practices that the United States (U.S.) cotton industry can employ to lower costs or improve returns while meeting the demands of exporting cotton and simultaneously servicing the domestic market. The goal of this study was to evaluate two different warehouse methods using three different marketing techniques at different sized facilities and levels of inventory. Typical aisle and block-stacking cotton warehouses were modeled with discrete event simulations. Time and motion data were collected from multiple warehouses as the basis for the simulation models. The principal output was the total time required to assemble an 88-bale order. Implementation of a four-bale marketing plan or use of Cotton Incorporated’s MILLNet™ for Merchants software was evaluated against baseline marketing. In larger aisle-stacking warehouses, the use of MILLNet™ for Merchants software decreased the time required to assemble an 88-bale load of cotton for shipping; whereas, four-bale marketing did not reduce assembly times. In block-stacking warehouses, four-bale marketing and MILLNet™ for Merchants generated time savings for order assembly. Block-stacking in a cotton warehouse was the most efficient way to assemble and load one 88-bale order. The four-bale marketing method generated the shortest order assembly time in small warehouses; however, MILLNet™ for Merchant software provided shorter assembly times for medium to large warehouses. International shipments were the fastest to assemble and load regardless of the bale selection method.
COTTON GINNING HANDBOOK: Energy Utilization and Conservation in Cotton Gins
Authors: Funk Paul A. , Hardin IV Robert G.
Published: October 2022

Gins have become more energy efficient. However, energy costs account for 25% of the total variable costs of ginning, including seasonal labor, increasing from 15% in 1994. Recent studies found that average electricity use at gins is approximately 35 kWh per bale, down from 53 kWh per bale reported in 1980. However, gins must continue to increase efficiency to remain profitable and consumers are increasingly concerned with the sustainability of textile products. This paper reviews recent research on energy use and conservation in cotton gins and offers suggestions on ways for gin managers to reduce energy use based on this research. Gins should focus on maximizing their ginning rate and sustaining this rate as much as possible during the ginning season. Increased ginning rates will reduce per-bale costs of not only electricity and fuel, but labor as well. Maintaining consistent material flow through the gin, matching equipment capacities, and minimizing downtime allows gins to produce more bales per shift. More than half the electricity at gins is used for material handling, primarily by the large centrifugal fans used to convey materials. The cost of conveying materials should be considered when designing or updating gins. Gins should use only the volume of air necessary for consistent conveying and adequate drying and need to eliminate unnecessary friction losses in conveying systems. To reduce fuel use, dryer control systems should be used to avoid excessive drying of cotton. Insulating drying systems might be economically feasible, particularly from the burner to the mixpoint. Gins also should consider strategies to reduce the prices paid for electricity and fuel.
COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: Roller Ginning
Authors: Armijo Carlos B. , Whitelock Derek P. , Thomas Joe W. , Hughs Sidney E. , Gillum Marvis N.
Published: October 2022

Roller ginning provided the first mechanical means of separating cotton lint from seed. The first true roller gin was the Churka gin, which produced up to 2.3 kg (5.0 lb) of lint/day. In 1840, the McCarthy gin was invented to gin extra-long-staple (ELS) cotton. Although the ginning capacity of the McCarthy gin was a major improvement over the Churka gin, capacity was limited to about 18 kg (40 lb) of lint per hour. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, a rotary-knife roller gin was developed. The rotary-knife roller gin had a ginning rate 12 times higher than the McCarthy gin, though the rotary knife gin still processed cotton at only about one-fifth the rate of a saw gin with an equivalent width. Around 2005, commercial development of a high-speed rotary-knife roller gin was accomplished. The high-speed roller gin processes cotton at approximately the same rate per unit width as a saw gin. The high-speed roller gin not only allows ELS cotton (such as Pima) to be ginned more efficiently, but also permits high-quality Upland cotton to be roller ginned at a rate more comparable with the saw gin while achieving the benefits of better fiber quality resulting from roller ginning. Although variations of the McCarthy gin are used today in many countries to gin ELS cottons, the rotary-knife roller gin is the only type of roller gin used in the U.S.
COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: Textile Industry Needs
Authors: Delhom Christopher D. , Martin Vikki B. , Schreiner Martin K.
Published: October 2022

The immediate customers of cotton gins are the producers; however, the ultimate customers are textile mills and consumers. The ginner has the challenging task to satisfy both producers and the textile industry. Classing and grading systems are intended to assign an economic value to the bales that relates to textile mill demands and the quality of the end product. International textile mills currently are the primary consumers of U.S. cotton lint where it must compete against foreign origins. International textile mills manufacture primarily ring-spun yarns, whereas domestic mills manufacture predominantly rotor spun yarns. Producers and ginners must produce cottons to satisfy all segments of the industry, i.e., domestic and international. Many fiber quality attributes are important to the textile industry including those that are included in HVI-based classing, i.e., strength, length, micronaire, trash, and grade. There are other important fiber quality attributes that are not included in HVI-based classing such as short-fiber content, fiber maturity, stickiness, fiber cohesion, and neps. The general steps of textile processing: opening, cleaning, carding, drawing, spinning, and fabric production have not changed in many years. However, manufacturing systems have become highly automated, and production speeds have dramatically increased. Contamination-free cotton has always been important to the textile industry, but recent changes in harvesting systems in conjunction with higher production speeds and global competition from synthetic fibers and other growths of cotton have increased the industry demand for contamination-free cotton. The ginner plays a vital role in preserving and improving the quality of cotton to meet the demands of the textile industry.
COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK (2016 Revised Edition): Seed Cotton Unloading Systems
Authors: Funk Paul A. , Wanjura John D.
Published: October 2022

The objective of this article is to review the literature and describe the current technology used by U.S. cotton gins for seed cotton unloading. Unloading systems supply the gin with raw material. Their essential functions are 1) to remove non-cotton materials such as protective covers used during transport and storage and large foreign objects such as dirt clods and rocks; 2) to break apart modules, which are compacted for transport and storage, so seed cotton is in small, loose clumps that can be dried more easily and cleaned; 3) to remove green bolls and some soil; and 4) to supply the gin with a steady, controlled flow that can be interrupted if there is a problem. Changes in the way harvested cotton is packaged in the field have resulted in significant changes in unloading systems in recent years. Current recommendations and best practices are presented.
Protocolos Terapéuticos en Medicina Interna Vol. 2
Authors: Ortega Castillo Héctor Fabián , Maldonado C Fausto , Paredes P Marcela , Monar C Jessica , Bustamante R Juan José , Villacrés C Johanna Elizabeth , Treviño O Alicia
Published: October 2022

La medicina, ciencia de la incertidumbre y arte de la probabilidad, como la definia William Osler, evoluciona constantemente, los conocimientos en salud se actualizan permanentemente a una velocidad inimaginable y la nueva evidencia cientifica nos permite mejorar la atención de nuestros pacientes. Protocolos Terapéuticos en Medicina Interna, obra académica diseñada para actualizar los conocimientos de médicos generales y especialistas, llega a su segunda edición. precisamente con los avances más recientes de la literatura médica, sintetizada en un libro que permita el abordaje adecuado y actualizado de las patologías más frecuentes en clínica médica.
The Relationship of Self Monitoring with Learning Outcomes (Study On Class X Vocational School Students Muhammadiyah 1 Padang)
Authors: Nada Afifa Qatrun
Published: October 2022

This research is motivated by the existence of students who do not do assignments during the learning process, students who have less than optimal learning outcomes who get scores below the KKM. This study aims to determine: 1) Self-monitoring of students in class X SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Padang. 2) The learning outcomes of students in class X SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Padang. 3) Self-monitoring with the learning outcomes of class X students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Padang. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with a correlational approach. The population of this study were students of class X TKJ, X TBSM 2, and class X TITL, totaling 53 students. The sampling technique was carried out by the total sampling technique, namely as many as 53 students who became the research sample. The results of this study indicate: 1) Self-Monitoring of class X students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Padang is in the good category. 2) The learning outcomes of Class X students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Padang are in the fairly good category. 3) There is a relationship between Self-Monitoring and the learning outcomes of Class X students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Padang with a fairly strong cohesiveness with a correlation value of 0.475. For this reason, it is recommended for BK teachers and subject teachers to provide services and motivation in order to improve the Self-Monitoring of students from good to very good categories and it is recommended to BK teachers and subject teachers to be able to motivate students in improving student learning outcomes. into the very good category.
Group Guidance Service Design in Managing Student Emotions at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Anai
Authors: Aulia Dheva
Published: October 2022

Design of Group Guidance Services in Managing Students' Emotions at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Anai, Thesis, Guidance and Counseling Study Program, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, PGRI University, West Sumatra, Padang, 2022. The background of this research is that there are students who have unstable emotions and cannot control their anger towards the surrounding environment. The purpose of this study is to 1) describe the problem of managing students' emotions 2) make a group guidance service design This research is quantitative descriptive. The population of this study were all students of class VII SMP Negeri 1 Batang Anai totaling 256 students. The sampling technique used the Proportional Random Sampling technique as many as 72 students. The instrument used is a questionnaire, data analysis using the percentage technique. The results of this study reveal that the problem of managing the emotions of students in SMP Negeri 1 Batang Anai is in the very low category. 2) The design of group guidance services in managing students' emotions by providing group guidance services using discussion techniques with the topic of managing emotions. Recommendations to BK teachers to be able to carry out the group guidance service, in order to increase the ability to manage students' emotions