bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Hyaluronic Emulgel of Hesperetin for Topical Application—An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Taléns-Visconti Raquel , Belarbi Yousra , Díez-Sales Octavio , Julián-Ortiz Jesus Vicente de , Vila-Busó Ofelia , Nácher Amparo
Published: April 2024

The present study aimed to formulate and characterize a hesperetin formulation to achieve adequate deposition and retention of hesperetin in the epidermis as a target for some cosmetic/dermatological actions. To derive the final emulgel, various formulations incorporating different proportions of Polysorbate 80 and hyaluronic acid underwent testing through a Box–Behnken experimental design. Nine formulations were created until the targeted emulgel properties were achieved. This systematic approach, following the principles of a design of experiment (DoE) methodology, adheres to a quality-by-design (QbD) paradigm, ensuring a robust and purposeful formulation and highlighting the commitment to a quality-driven design approach. The emulsions were developed using the phase inversion method, optimizing the emulgel with the incorporation of hyaluronic acid. Physically stable optimized emulgels were evaluated for their globule size, surface charge, viscosity, pH, electrical conductivity, and hesperetin content. These assays, along with the temperature swing test, were used to select the optimal formulation. It was characterized by a droplet size, d[4,3], of 4.02 μm, a Z-potential of −27.8 mV, an O/W sign, a pH of 5.2, and a creamy texture and proved to be stable for at least 2 months at room temperature. Additionally, in vitro release kinetics from the selected emulgel exhibited a sustained release profile of hesperetin. Skin assays revealed adequate retention of hesperetin in the human epidermis with minimum permeation. Altogether, these results corroborate the promising future of the proposed emulgel in cosmetic or dermatological use on healthy or diseased skin.
Elucidating the Impact of Deleterious Mutations on IGHG1 and Their Association with Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Shafie Alaa , Ashour Amal Adnan , Anjum Farah , Shamsi Anas , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz
Published: April 2024

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a chronic, inherited neurodegenerative condition marked by chorea, dementia, and changes in personality. The primary cause of HD is a mutation characterized by the expansion of a triplet repeat (CAG) within the huntingtin gene located on chromosome 4. Despite substantial progress in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms of HD, an effective treatment for this disorder is not available so far. In recent years, researchers have been interested in studying cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a source of biomarkers that could aid in the diagnosis and therapeutic development of this disorder. Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (IGHG1) is one of the CSF proteins found to increase significantly in HD. Considering this, it is reasonable to study the potential involvement of deleterious mutations in IGHG1 in the pathogenesis of this disorder. In this study, we explored the potential impact of deleterious mutations on IGHG1 and their subsequent association with HD. We evaluated 126 single-point amino acid substitutions for their impact on the structure and functionality of the IGHG1 protein while exploiting multiple computational resources such as SIFT, PolyPhen-2, FATHMM, SNPs&Go mCSM, DynaMut2, MAESTROweb, PremPS, MutPred2, and PhD-SNP. The sequence- and structure-based tools highlighted 10 amino acid substitutions that were deleterious and destabilizing. Subsequently, out of these 10 mutations, eight variants (Y32C, Y32D, P34S, V39E, C83R, C83Y, V85M, and H87Q) were identified as pathogenic by disease phenotype predictors. Finally, two pathogenic variants (Y32C and P34S) were found to reduce the solubility of the protein, suggesting their propensity to form protein aggregates. These variants also exhibited higher residual frustration within the protein structure. Considering these findings, the study hypothesized that the identified variants of IGHG1 may compromise its function and potentially contribute to HD pathogenesis.
Study on Reducing Water Absorption of Recycled Aggregates (RAs) by Microbial Mineralization
Authors: Li Minglei , Yi Haihe , Su Yilin
Published: April 2024

Crushing waste concrete and using it directly as RAs has the disadvantages of high porosity and high water absorption. To achieve the reuse of resources, the researchers use microbial mineralization methods to further reinforce RAs. In this paper, the effect of the microbial carbonic anhydrase mineralization method on the water absorption of RAs was investigated, and the macroscopic analysis was performed by determining the indexes of water absorption and apparent density of RAs before and after the modification, and the microscopic analysis of RAs by using the methods of SEM, XRD, DSC, and EDS as well. According to the microscopic analysis, the mineralization products of microorganisms are calcium carbonate crystals, and with the increase in microbial liquid concentration, the water absorption rate of RAs shows a trend of decreasing and then increasing, and it can be found through the microscopic morphology that abundant mineralization products attached to the surface of the aggregate lead to the surface of the aggregate becoming rougher and more porous. The method of soaking the RAs in 3% bacterial solution and 0.1 mol/L calcium acetate solution followed by carbonation with 20% CO2 resulted in a 4.85% reduction in water absorption.
The Effect of Conserved Histidine on the Proximity of Fe-S Clusters in Adenosine-5′-Phosphosulfate Reductases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enteromorpha intestinalis
Authors: Chung Jung-Sung , Kim Sung-Kun , Leustek Thomas
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of conserved histidine (His) residue mutations on the adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase enzymes Pseudomonas aeruginosa APR (PaAPR) and Enteromorpha intestinalis APR (EiAPR), focusing on the effects of His-to-alanine (Ala) and His-to-arginine (Arg) substitutions on enzyme activity, iron–sulfur [4Fe-4S] cluster stability, and APS binding affinity. Using recombinant His-tagged wild-types (WTs) and variants expressed in Escherichia coli, analyses revealed that both PaAPR and EiAPR enzymes exhibit a distinct absorption peak associated with their [4Fe-4S] clusters, which are critical for their catalytic functions. Notably, the His-to-Ala variants displayed reduced enzymatic activities and lower iron and sulfide contents compared to their respective WTs, suggesting alterations in the iron–sulfur cluster ligations and thus affecting APS reductase catalysis. In contrast, His-to-Arg variants maintained similar activities and iron and sulfide contents as their WTs, highlighting the importance of a positively charged residue at the conserved His site for maintaining structural integrity and enzymatic function. Further kinetic analyses showed variations in Vmax and Km values among the mutants, with significant reductions observed in the His-to-Ala variants, emphasizing the role of the conserved His in enzyme stability and substrate specificity. This study provides valuable insights into the structural and functional significance of conserved His residues in APS reductases, contributing to a better understanding of sulfur metabolism and its regulation in bacterial and plant systems. Future investigations into the structural characterization of these enzymes and the exploration of other critical residues surrounding the [4Fe-4S] cluster are suggested to elucidate the complete mechanism of APS reduction and its biological implications.
An Approach for Engineering Peptides for Competitive Inhibition of the SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein
Authors: de Abreu Ana Paula , Carvalho Frederico Chaves , Mariano Diego , Bastos Luana Luiza , Silva Juliana Rodrigues Pereira , de Oliveira Leandro Morais , de Melo-Minardi Raquel C. , Sabino Adriano de Paula
Published: April 2024

SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for a respiratory disease called COVID-19 that devastated global public health. Since 2020, there has been an intense effort by the scientific community to develop safe and effective prophylactic and therapeutic agents against this disease. In this context, peptides have emerged as an alternative for inhibiting the causative agent. However, designing peptides that bind efficiently is still an open challenge. Here, we show an algorithm for peptide engineering. Our strategy consists of starting with a peptide whose structure is similar to the interaction region of the human ACE2 protein with the SPIKE protein, which is important for SARS-COV-2 infection. Our methodology is based on a genetic algorithm performing systematic steps of random mutation, protein–peptide docking (using the PyRosetta library) and selecting the best-optimized peptides based on the contacts made at the peptide–protein interface. We performed three case studies to evaluate the tool parameters and compared our results with proposals presented in the literature. Additionally, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (three systems, 200 ns each) to probe whether our suggested peptides could interact with the spike protein. Our results suggest that our methodology could be a good strategy for designing peptides.
The Spin–Orbit Effect on the Electronic Structures, Refractive Indices, and Birefringence of X2PO4I (X = Pb, Sn, Ba and Sr): A First-Principles Investigation
Authors: Leng Xudong , Hu Mei , Jing Qun , Duan Haiming , Chen Henglei , Cui Xiuhua
Published: April 2024

Introducing post-transition metal cations is an excellent strategy for enhancing optical properties. This paper focuses on four isomers, namely the X2PO4I (X = Pb, Sn, Ba, and Sr) series. For the first time, the paper’s attention is paid to the changes in electronic structure, as well as refractive indices and birefringence, with and without the inclusion of spin–orbit effects in this series. The first-principles results show that spin–orbit effects of the 5p and 6p states found in these compounds lead to splitting of the bands, narrowing of the band gap, enhancement of the lone-pair stereochemistry, and enhancement of the refractive indices and birefringence. Moreover, a comparison of the lone-pair electron phosphates, X2PO4I (X = Pb and Sn), and the isomeric alkaline earth metal phosphates, X2PO4I (X = Ba and Sr), reveals that changes in the band structure have a greater effect on the enhancement of the birefringence than the slight enhancement of the lone-pair stereochemical activity. This study has important implications for a deeper understanding of the optical properties of crystals and the design of novel optical materials.
Solution-Processed Bilayered ZnO Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Inverted Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Tarique Walia Binte , Rahaman Md Habibur , Dipta Shahriyar Safat , Howlader Ashraful Hossain , Uddin Ashraf
Published: April 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are becoming increasingly popular in the scientific community because of their many desirable properties. These features include solution processability, low weight, low cost, and the ability to process on a wide scale using roll-to-roll technology. Enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems, particularly high-performance OSCs, requires study into not only material design but also interface engineering. This study demonstrated that two different types of OSCs based on the PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F and PM6:Y6 active layers use a ZnO bilayer electron transport layer (ETL). The ZnO bilayer ETL comprises a ZnO nanoparticle (ZnO NP) and a ZnO layer created from a sol-gel. The effect of incorporating ZnO NPs into the electron transport layer (ETL) was studied; in particular, the effects on the electrical, optical, and morphological properties of the initial ZnO ETL were analyzed. The ability of ZnO films to carry charges is improved by the addition of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), which increase their conductivity. The bilayer structure had better crystallinity and a smoother film surface than the single-layer sol-gel ZnO ETL. This led to a consistent and strong interfacial connection between the photoactive layer and the electron transport layer (ETL). Therefore, inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) with PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F and PM6:Y6 as photoactive layers exhibit improved power conversion efficiency and other photovoltaic properties when using the bilayer technique.
Plasma-Induced Changes in the Metabolome Following Vistula Tart Cherry Consumption
Authors: Squires Emma , Walshe Ian H. , Cheung William , Bowerbank Samantha L. , Dean John R. , Wood Jacob , McHugh Malachy P. , Plattner Stephan , Howatson Glyn
Published: April 2024

Evidence suggests that tart cherry (TC) supplementation has beneficial effects on health indices and recovery following strenuous exercise. However, little is known about the mechanisms and how TC might modulate the human metabolome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of an acute high- and low-dose of Vistula TC supplementation on the metabolomic profile in humans. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over design, 12 healthy participants (nine male and three female; mean ± SD age, stature, and mass were 29 ± 7 years old, 1.75 ± 0.1 m, and 77.3 ± 10.5 kg, respectively) visited the laboratory on three separate occasions (high dose; HI, low dose; LO, or placebo), separated by at least seven days. After an overnight fast, a baseline venous blood sample was taken, followed by consumption of a standardised breakfast and dose conditions (HI, LO, or placebo). Subsequent blood draws were taken 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 h post consumption. Following sample preparation, an untargeted metabolomics approach was adopted, and the extracts analysed by LCMS/MS. When all time points were collated, a principal component analysis showed a significant difference between the conditions (p < 0.05), such that the placebo trial had homogeneity, and HI showed greater heterogeneity. In a sub-group analysis, cyanidine-3-O-glucoside (C3G), cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside (C3R), and vanillic acid (VA) were detected in plasma and showed significant differences (p < 0.05) following acute consumption of Vistula TC, compared to the placebo group. These results provide evidence that phenolics are bioavailable in plasma and induce shifts in the metabolome following acute Vistula TC consumption. These data could be used to inform future intervention studies where changes in physiological outcomes could be influenced by metabolomic shifts following acute supplementation.
Improvement of Lung Function by Micronutrient Supplementation in Patients with COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Mingxin , Zhao Liangjie , Hu Chenchen , Li Yue , Yang Yang , Zhang Xiaoqi , Li Quanguo , Ma Aiguo , Cai Jing
Published: April 2024

Background: A healthy, well-balanced diet plays an essential role in respiratory diseases. Since micronutrient deficiency is relatively common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), micronutrient supplementation might have the beneficial health effects in those patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to demonstrate the impact of micronutrient supplementation on the lung function of patients with COPD. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched from their corresponding creation until February 2024. Search terms included ‘chronic obstructive pulmonary disease’, ‘COPD’, ‘micronutrients’, ‘dietary supplements’, ‘vitamins’, ‘minerals’, and ‘randomized controlled trials’. Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of micronutrient supplementation alone or complex on lung function in patients with COPD. Results: A total of 43 RCTs fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this study. Meta-analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation could significantly improve FEV1% (WMDdifferences between baseline and post-intervention (de): 6.39, 95% CI: 4.59, 8.18, p < 0.01; WMDpost-intervention indicators (af): 7.55, 95% CI: 5.86, 9.24, p < 0.01) and FEV1/FVC% (WMDde: 6.88, 95%CI: 2.11, 11.65, WMDaf: 7.64, 95% CI: 3.18, 12.10, p < 0.001), decrease the odds of acute exacerbations, and improve the level of T-cell subsets, including CD3+%, CD4+%, CD8+%, and CD4+/CD8+% (all p < 0.01). The effects of compound nutrients intervention were effective in improving FEV1% (WMDde: 8.38, 95%CI: 1.89, 14.87, WMDaf: 7.07, 95%CI: −0.34, 14.48) and FEV1/FVC% (WMDde: 7.58, 95% CI: 4.86, 10.29, WMDaf: 6.00, 95% CI: 3.19, 8.81). However, vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation alone had no significant effects on lung function (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Micronutrient supplementation, such as vitamin D alone and compound nutrients, has improved effect on the lung function of patients with COPD. Therefore, proper supplementation with micronutrients would be beneficial to stabilize the condition and restore ventilation function for COPD patients.
Assessment of Standardized Care Plans for People with Chronic Diseases in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Reig-Garcia Glòria , Cámara-Liebana David , Suñer-Soler Rosa , Pau-Perich Eva , Sitjar-Suñer Miquel , Mantas-Jiménez Susana , Roqueta-Vall-llosera Marta , Malagón-Aguilera Maria del Carmen
Published: April 2024

Background: Aging populations are driving a shift in emphasis toward enhancing chronic disease care, reflected in Catalonia’s regional plan which prioritizes standardized nursing care plans in primary care settings. To achieve this, the ARES-AP program was established with a focus on harmonizing standards and supporting routine nursing clinical decision-making. This study evaluates nurses’ perceptions of ARES-AP’s standardized care plans for chronic diseases. Methods: A mixed-methods approach based on an ad hoc questionnaire (n = 141) and a focus group (n = 14) was used. Quantitative data were statistically analysed, setting significance at p < 0.05. Qualitative data were explored via content analysis. Results: ARES-AP training was assessed positively. The resources for motivational interviewing and care plans for the most prevalent chronic diseases were rated very positively. This study identified key factors influencing program implementation, including facilitators such as structured information and nursing autonomy, barriers such as resistance to change, motivators such as managerial support, and suggested improvements such as technological improvements and time management strategies. Conclusions: This study identifies areas for improvement in implementing standardized nursing care plans, including additional time, motivation, enhanced IT infrastructure, and collaboration among primary care professionals. It enhances understanding of these plans in primary care, especially in managing chronic diseases in aging populations. Further research should assess the program’s long-term impact on chronic patients. This study was not registered.
Effects of Two Online Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Early Adolescents for Attentional, Emotional, and Behavioral Self-Regulation
Authors: Porter Bárbara , Oyanadel Cristian , Betancourt Ignacio , Worrell Frank C. , Peñate Wenceslao
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have shown interesting preliminary effects on self-regulation processes in early adolescence. However, programs have typically combined different types of interventions with no understanding of the specific effect of each intervention type on attentional, emotional, and behavioral regulation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two MBIs—one focused on classic attentional practices and another focused on the recognition and expression of emotions—on attentional, emotional, and behavioral self-regulation in early adolescents. (2) Method: An experimental paradigm was used. A sample of 74 children aged between 8 and 12 years old were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: (1) an MBI with a focus on attentional practices, (2) an MBI with a focus on recognition and expression of emotions, and (3) a control group. The interventions lasted 8 weeks, with a weekly, 1 h online synchronous session plus home practices. Children were evaluated before starting the intervention and at the end of the 8-week period. The assessed outcomes were (1) mindfulness; (2) emotional regulation; (3) attentional regulation, and (4) behavioral regulation. (3) Results: Children who participated in both intervention programs increased their mindfulness and emotional and behavioral regulation scores. Only children who participated in the MBI with a focus on attention showed significant changes in their ability to self-regulate attention. (4) Conclusions: The use of online MBIs, with attention to external and internal stimuli practices, can be a good strategy to strengthen self-regulation skills for attention, emotions, and behavior in early adolescence.
Ionic Liquid Transdermal Patches of Two Active Ingredients Based on Semi-Ionic Hydrogen Bonding for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment
Authors: Zhang Faxing , Li Lu , Zhang Xinyuan , Yang Hongyu , Fan Yingzhen , Zhang Jian , Fang Ting , Liu Yaming , Nie Zhihao , Wang Dongkai
Published: April 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to deformities and disabilities in patients. Conventional treatment focuses on delaying progression; therefore, new treatments are necessary. The present study reported a novel ionic liquid transdermal platform for efficient RA treatment, and the underlying mechanism was elucidated using FTIR, 1H-NMR, Raman, XPS, and molecular simulations. The results showed that the reversibility of the semi-ionic hydrogen bonding facilitated high drug loading and enhanced drug permeability. Actarit’s drug loading had an approximately 11.34-times increase. The in vitro permeability of actarit and ketoprofen was improved by 5.46 and 2.39 times, respectively. And they had the same significant effect in vivo. Furthermore, through the integration of network pharmacology, Western blotting (WB), and radiology analyses, the significant osteoprotective effects of SIHDD-PSA (semi-ionic H-bond double-drug pressure-sensitive adhesive transdermal patch) were revealed through the modulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. The SIHDD-PSA significantly reduced paw swelling and inflammation in the rat model, and stimulatory properties evaluation confirmed the safety of SIHDD-PSA. In conclusion, these findings provide a novel approach for the effective treatment of RA, and the semi-ionic hydrogen bonding strategy contributes a new theoretical basis for developing TDDS.
Nasal Delivery to the Brain: Harnessing Nanoparticles for Effective Drug Transport
Authors: Gandhi Shivani , Shastri Divyesh H. , Shah Jigar , Nair Anroop B. , Jacob Shery
Published: April 2024

The nose-to-brain drug-delivery system has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the challenges associated with conventional drug administration for central nervous system disorders. This emerging field is driven by the anatomical advantages of the nasal route, enabling the direct transport of drugs from the nasal cavity to the brain, thereby circumventing the blood–brain barrier. This review highlights the significance of the anatomical features of the nasal cavity, emphasizing its high permeability and rich blood supply that facilitate rapid drug absorption and onset of action, rendering it a promising domain for neurological therapeutics. Exploring recent developments and innovations in different nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and nanogels unveils their diverse functions in improving drug-delivery efficiency and targeting specificity within this system. To minimize the potential risk of nanoparticle-induced toxicity in the nasal mucosa, this article also delves into the latest advancements in the formulation strategies commonly involving surface modifications, incorporating cutting-edge materials, the adjustment of particle properties, and the development of novel formulations to improve drug stability, release kinetics, and targeting specificity. These approaches aim to enhance drug absorption while minimizing adverse effects. These strategies hold the potential to catalyze the advancement of safer and more efficient nose-to-brain drug-delivery systems, consequently revolutionizing treatments for neurological disorders. This review provides a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical-industry professionals seeking to advance the development of effective and safe therapies for central nervous system disorders.
Transcriptome-Wide N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Methylation Analyses in a Compatible Wheat–Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Interaction
Authors: Cerav Elif Naz , Wu Nan , Akkaya Mahinur S.
Published: April 2024

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA, tRNA, miRNA, and long non-coding RNA. It is also known for its role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive m6A transcriptome-wide map for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) infections in wheat (Triticum aestivum) is currently unavailable. Our study is the first to profile m6A modifications in wheat infected with a virulent Pst race. Analysis of RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq data revealed that the majority of differentially expressed genes are up-regulated and hyper-methylated. Some of these genes are enriched in the plant–pathogen interaction pathway. Notably, genes related to photosynthesis showed significant down-regulation and hypo-methylation, suggesting a potential mechanism facilitating successful Pst invasion by impairing photosynthetic function. The crucial genes, epitomizing the core molecular constituents that fortify plants against pathogenic assaults, were detected with varying expression and methylation levels, together with a newly identified methylation motif. Additionally, m6A regulator genes were also influenced by m6A modification, and their expression patterns varied at different time points of post-inoculation, with lower expression at early stages of infection. This study provides insights into the role of m6A modification regulation in wheat’s response to Pst infection, establishing a foundation for understanding the potential function of m6A RNA methylation in plant resistance or susceptibility to pathogens.
The Impact of Nanomaterials on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Mechanisms in Gramineae Plants: Research Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Li Ping , Xia Yunfei , Song Kai , Liu Duo
Published: April 2024

As global food security faces challenges, enhancing crop yield and stress resistance becomes imperative. This study comprehensively explores the impact of nanomaterials (NMs) on Gramineae plants, with a focus on the effects of various types of nanoparticles, such as iron-based, titanium-containing, zinc, and copper nanoparticles, on plant photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. We found that the effects of nanoparticles largely depend on their chemical properties, particle size, concentration, and the species and developmental stage of the plant. Under appropriate conditions, specific NMs can promote the root development of Gramineae plants, enhance photosynthesis, and increase chlorophyll content. Notably, iron-based and titanium-containing nanoparticles show significant effects in promoting chlorophyll synthesis and plant growth. However, the impact of nanoparticles on oxidative stress is complex. Under certain conditions, nanoparticles can enhance plants’ antioxidant enzyme activity, improving their ability to withstand environmental stresses; excessive or inappropriate NMs may cause oxidative stress, affecting plant growth and development. Copper nanoparticles, in particular, exhibit this dual nature, being beneficial at low concentrations but potentially harmful at high concentrations. This study provides a theoretical basis for the future development of nanofertilizers aimed at precisely targeting Gramineae plants to enhance their antioxidant stress capacity and improve photosynthesis efficiency. We emphasize the importance of balancing the agricultural advantages of nanotechnology with environmental safety in practical applications. Future research should focus on a deeper understanding of the interaction mechanisms between more NMs and plants and explore strategies to reduce potential environmental impacts to ensure the health and sustainability of the ecosystem while enhancing the yield and quality of Gramineae crops.
Improved Long-Term Preservation of Cannabis Inflorescence by Utilizing Integrated Pre-Harvest Hexanoic Acid Treatment and Optimal Post-Harvest Storage Conditions
Authors: Birenboim Matan , Chalupowicz Daniel , Kenigsbuch David , Shimshoni Jakob A.
Published: April 2024

The effort to maintain cannabinoid and terpene levels in harvested medicinal cannabis inflorescence is crucial, as many studies demonstrated a significant concentration decrease in these compounds during the drying, curing, and storage steps. These stages are critical for the preparation and preservation of medicinal cannabis for end-use, and any decline in cannabinoid and terpene content could potentially reduce the therapeutic efficacy of the product. Consequently, in the present study, we determined the efficacy of pre-harvest hexanoic acid treatment alongside four months of post-harvest vacuum storage in prolonging the shelf life of high THCA cannabis inflorescence. Our findings indicate that hexanoic acid treatment led to elevated concentrations of certain cannabinoids and terpenes on the day of harvest and subsequent to the drying and curing processes. Furthermore, the combination of hexanoic acid treatment and vacuum storage yielded the longest shelf life and the highest cannabinoid and mono-terpene content as compared to all other groups studied. Specifically, the major cannabinoid’s—(-)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA)—concentration decreased by 4–23% during the four months of storage with the lowest reduction observed following hexanoic acid pre-harvest treatment and post-harvest vacuum storage. Hexanoic acid spray application displayed a more pronounced impact on mono-terpene preservation than storage under vacuum without hexanoic acid treatment. Conversely, sesqui-terpenes were observed to be less prone to degradation than mono-terpenes over an extended storage duration. In summation, appropriate pre-harvest treatment coupled with optimized storage conditions can significantly extend the shelf life of cannabis inflorescence and preserve high active compound concentration over an extended time period.
Configuration Design and Verification of Shear Compliant Border in Space Membrane Structure
Authors: Cao Anbo , Liu Zhiquan , Lin Qiuhong , Qiu Hui
Published: April 2024

To solve the non-uniformity of stress in space membrane structure and the lack of shear compliant border configuration design method, shear compliant borders are designed, optimized, and verified in terms of configuration. Firstly, an orthotropic model of the borders is built by combining Hill and Christensen-Lo composite material models. Secondly, a finite element form-finding method is put forward by establishing rectangular and cylindrical coordinates in different areas. The configuration of borders is obtained and the influence of the borders on the edge of the membrane is 0.23%, which means that the borders are compatible with the existing tensegrity systems, especially the tensioning components and the cable sleeves. Thirdly, simulation verifies that borders can cut the spread of shear stress and improve the stress uniformity in membrane structure. The maximum stress in the membrane effective area is decreased by 35.6% and the stress uniformity is improved by 30.5%. Finally, a membrane extension experiment is committed to compare the flatness of membrane surface under shear stress with and without shear compliant borders. The borders decrease the increment speed of flatness by 58.1%, which verifies the amelioration of stress uniformity. The shear compliant border configuration design method provides a reference for space membrane structure stress-uniform design.
Study on the Effect of Residual Polymer Superplasticizer on the Properties of Graphene–Cement Composites
Authors: Kim Ki Yun , An Seok Hwan , Lee Jea Uk
Published: April 2024

Graphene, renowned for its exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, is being explored as a cement nanofiller in the construction field. However, the limited water dispersibility of graphene requires the use of polymer superplasticizers, such as polycarboxylate ether (PCE). Previous studies have investigated the mechanisms by which PCE facilitates the dispersion of graphene within cement nanocomposites. However, such studies have made minimal progress, indicating a lack of understanding of the effect of residual PCE (rPCE) remaining in aqueous solution without binding to graphene. In this study, the effects of rPCE on the dispersion of graphene and the mechanical properties of graphene–cement composites (GCCs) were systematically analyzed. For this purpose, the content of rPCE was accurately measured through the centrifugation process and thermal analysis of graphene dispersion with PCE, and the result was 78.0 wt.% compared to graphene. The optical microscopy, particle size analysis, and contact angle measurement of the graphene dispersions with and without rPCE confirmed that rPCE is crucial for the dispersion of graphene and the enhancement of the interfacial affinity between graphene and cement. Additionally, the compressive strength of GCC with rPCE exhibited a substantial enhancement of approximately 10% (68.36 MPa) compared to plain cement (62.33 MPa). The effectiveness of rPCE in enhancing compressive strength correlated with the uniform dispersion of graphene within GCC and the promotion of cement hydration, as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively.
Improvements in Hydrolytic Stability of Alkali-Activated Mine Tailings via Addition of Sodium Silicate Activator
Authors: Clements Cara , Tunstall Lori , Bolanos Sosa Hector Gelber , Hedayat Ahmadreza
Published: April 2024

Over 14 billion tons of mine tailings are produced throughout the world each year, and this type of waste is generally stored onsite indefinitely. Alkali activation is a promising strategy for the reuse of mine tailings to produce construction materials, converting this waste stream into a value-added product. One major problem with alkali-activated mine tailings is their low durability in water (i.e., low hydrolytic stability). In this article, the influence of a mixed sodium hydroxide/sodium silicate alkali activator on the compressive strength, hydrolytic stability, and microstructure of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) were systematically investigated. XRD, FTIR, NMR, and NAD were used to investigate microstructural changes, and a water immersion test was used to show improvements in hydrolytic stability. For gold mine tailings activated with pure sodium hydroxide, the compressive strength was 15 MPa and a seven-day water immersion test caused a strength loss of 70%. With an addition of 1 M sodium silicate in the activator, the AAMs achieved a compressive strength of over 30 MPa and strength loss of only 45%. This paper proposes a mechanism explaining why the strength and hydrolytic stability of AAMs are dependent on the dosage of soluble silicate. A high dosage of sodium silicate inhibits the depolymerization of the source material, which results in a sample with less amorphous aluminosilicate gel and, therefore, lower hydrolytic stability.
Soft Polymer Optical Fiber Sensors for Intelligent Recognition of Elastomer Deformations and Wearable Applications
Authors: Wang Nicheng , Yao Yuan , Wu Pengao , Zhao Lei , Chen Jinhui
Published: April 2024

In recent years, soft robotic sensors have rapidly advanced to endow robots with the ability to interact with the external environment. Here, we propose a polymer optical fiber (POF) sensor with sensitive and stable detection performance for strain, bending, twisting, and pressing. Thus, we can map the real-time output light intensity of POF sensors to the spatial morphology of the elastomer. By leveraging the intrinsic correlations of neighboring sensors and machine learning algorithms, we realize the spatially resolved detection of the pressing and multi-dimensional deformation of elastomers. Specifically, the developed intelligent sensing system can effectively recognize the two-dimensional indentation position with a prediction accuracy as large as ~99.17%. The average prediction accuracy of combined strain and twist is ~98.4% using the random forest algorithm. In addition, we demonstrate an integrated intelligent glove for the recognition of hand gestures with a high recognition accuracy of 99.38%. Our work holds promise for applications in soft robots for interactive tasks in complex environments, providing robots with multidimensional proprioceptive perception. And it also can be applied in smart wearable sensing, human prosthetics, and human–machine interaction interfaces.
Changes in the Serum and Tissue Levels of Free and Conjugated Sialic Acids, Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc, and KDN in Mice after the Oral Administration of Edible Bird’s Nests: An LC–MS/MS Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Wang Meng-Hua , Wang Zhi-Fan , Yuan Man , Yang Chun-Guo , Wang Dong-Liang , Wang Shu-Qi
Published: April 2024

Edible bird’s nests have a variety of biological activities, the main components of which are sialic acids. Sialic acids are a group of nine-carbon N-acetylated derivatives of neuraminic acid containing a keto group at position C2 and play important roles in many biological processes. To verify whether the oral administration of edible bird’s nests would change the content and distribution of sialic acid components in vivo, a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of sialic acid levels in serum and tissues was developed. In the negative ion mode, the mobile phases consist of 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (v/v) (B). Isocratic elution was performed with 60% B for 0−15 min. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Morphling HILIC Amide column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the typical calibration curves were all higher than 0.995, exhibiting good linearity. The levels of free and conjugated forms of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid (KDN) in the serum and different tissues were simultaneously detected after the oral administration of the edible bird’s nests at a daily dose of 300 and 700 mg Kg−1 for seven days in mice. Our study found that the oral administration of edible bird’s nests can significantly increase the concentration of total sialic acids (Neu5Gc + Neu5Ac + KDN) in serum and spleen and lungs tissues, which may be related to the anti-inflammatory and immune function of edible bird’s nest, but further studies are needed to verify this. Neu5Ac was the dominant sialic acid in brain tissue, and Neu5Gc was the dominant sialic acid in serum and other tissues, including heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidney. Moreover, we found that the forms of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc were mainly conjugated in all groups except liver tissue. In conclusion, the method we established had good linearity and accuracy; it allowed the analytes to be effectively separated from the matrix and endogenous substances in serum or tissues, so it could effectively detect the distribution and concentration of free and conjugated forms of sialic acids in serum and tissues, which was beneficial to the research and exploitation of edible bird’s nests and sialic acids.
Judging Rainfall Intensity from Inter-Tip Times: Comparing ‘Straight-Through’ and Syphon-Equipped Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge Performance
Authors: Dunkerley David
Published: April 2024

The inter-tip times (ITTs) of tipping-bucket rain gauges (TBRGs) potentially provide the highest-resolution intensity data that can be acquired from this type of gauge. At an intensity of 100 mm h−1, a typical gauge with a sensitivity of 0.2 mm of rainfall would be expected to tip every 7.2 s. However, TBRGs are often equipped with syphons to reduce the dynamic calibration error that results from continued (and unmeasured) inflow to a bucket as it tips. This increases the accuracy of rainfall depth recording, but the time to fill and empty the syphon can reduce the ability of a TBRG to respond to (and for the ITTs to reflect) short-term intensity fluctuations. This ability is already limited by the discretisation arising from the filling and emptying of the buckets themselves. Laboratory tests with controlled water inflow rates were performed using two high-quality TBRGs, one a ‘straight-through’ design and the other syphon-equipped. These confirmed that at all intensities at which the syphon operates, a regular sequence of fixed-duration ITTs (such as the 7.2 s mentioned above) does not occur. Rather, the ITTs are perturbed by the syphon cycling. The gauges were also co-located in the field and linked to carefully synchronised event data loggers. Data collected during several rainfall events revealed differences in the ITTs and again confirm that the ITT sequence of a syphon-equipped TBRG exhibits artefacts related to syphon operation that are not present in the ‘straight-through’ data. These artefacts can result in ITT differences of many minutes, depending on the rainfall intensity and are problematic for the use of ITTs to estimate intensity. Peaks and troughs in the intensity profile also differed between the two gauges. It is recommended that in the application of TBRGs for studies where short-term intensity data are required, ‘straight-through’ gauges should be used, and syphon-equipped gauges should be avoided.
Analytically Enhanced Random Walk Approach for Rapid Concentration Mapping in Fractured Aquifers
Authors: Yosri Ahmed , Ghaith Maysara , Ahmed Mohamed Ismaiel , El-Dakhakhni Wael
Published: April 2024

The efficient management and remediation of contaminated fractured aquifers necessitate an accurate prediction of the spatial distribution of contaminant concentration within the system. Related existing analytical solutions are only applicable to single fractures and have not yet been extrapolated to the aquifer scale where a network of connected fractures exists. The Random Walk Particle Tracking (RWPT) method has been extensively adopted for concentration mapping in Discrete Fracture Networks (DFNs), albeit at exorbitant computational costs and without efficiently accommodating complex physical processes (e.g., two-site kinetics). This study introduces an analytically enhanced Spatiotemporal Random Walk (STRW) approach that facilitates the efficient time-dependent mapping of contaminant concentration in DFNs. The STRW approach employs a distribution function to simultaneously estimate the displacement of particles released through the system either instantaneously or over time. The STRW approach efficiently reproduced the contaminant concentration, calculated using available analytical solutions under a range of fate and transport mechanisms. The efficacy of the STRW approach is also confirmed in a synthetic impermeable DFN through replicating the concentration maps produced using the RWPT method. The developed approach represents an accurate and computationally efficient dynamic concentration mapping technique that can support the effective operation, management, and remediation of fractured aquifers under contamination events.
FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISTIK COOKIES BERBASIS TEPUNG DAUN KELOR DAN TEPUNG UDANG PUTIH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MAKANAN SELINGAN TINGGI ZAT BESI UNTUK ANEMIA PADA REMAJA
Authors: Alvionita Dinda , Priawantiputri Witri , Gumilar Mulus , Hapsari Agustina Indri
Published: April 2024

Cookies are one of the most popular food products for people of all ages. Cookies are used as an alternative snack for anemia in adolescents with the main ingredients, namely Moringa leaf flour and white shrimp flour which are high in iron and protein. This study aims to obtain a formulation and determine the effect of Moringa leaf flour and white shrimp flour on the quality of cookies products which include organoleptic properties and levels of nutrients (iron and protein). The research design used was experimental with a completely randomized design. The research method used is hedonic test to determine organoleptic properties involving 30 panelists, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method to test iron levels, and micro kjeldahl method to test protein levels. Cookies formulation obtained 3 different formulas, namely F1 (45%:5%), F2 (40%:10%) and F3 (35%:15%). The results of thetest Kruskall Wallis showed that there was no significant difference in the aspects of color, taste, aroma, texture, and overall. Formula F2 excels in terms of color, taste, and overall. The results of the iron content test were obtained by formulas F1, F2, F3 which were 0.239 mg/100 gr, 0.221 mg/100 gr, 0.204 mg/100 gr and the protein content test obtained formulas F1, F2, F3 which was 6.96 gr/100 gr, 7.35 gr/100 gr, 8.13 gr/100 gr. Suggestions for further research are the need for changes in the procedure for making Cookies in order to obtain an attractive appearance of Cookies, especially in the aspects of color, taste and shape and the need for further research on the effect of giving Cookies based on Moringa leaf flour and white shrimp flour on adolescents, especially young women.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG KEPUTIHAN PADA SISWI SMA PASUNDAN KECAMATAN MAJALAYA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Safebriyani Dhebi Nur , Kusniasih Susi , Kamsatun Kamsatun , Sakti Bani
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh masalah keputihan pada remaja banyak ditemukan karena ketidaktahuannya tentang penanganan keputihan itu sendiri. Kurangnya pengetahuan karena kurangnya informasi yang mereka dapat dari tenaga kesehatan dan juga lingkungan kotor yang dapat menyebabkan keputihan itu menjadi infeksi. Masalah tersebut banyak terjadi di salah satu sekolah menengah atas di kecamatan Majalaya salah satunya SMA Pasundan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan remaja tentang keputihan pada siswi SMA Pasundan Kecamatan Majalaya Tahun 2020. Pengetahuan adalah hasil pengindraan manusia, atau hasil tahu seseorang terhadap objek melalui indera yang dimilikinya (mata, hidung, telinga, dan sebagainya) (Notoatmodjo, 2012). Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah metode deskriptif, dengan uji validitas menggunakan Person Product Moment dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebar melalui google form dan teknik cluster sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik remaja pada siswi SMA Pasundan Kecamatan Majalaya adalah sebagian besar berumur 15-16 tahun (67,3%). Sebagian besar 59 orang (55,1 %) yang memiliki pengetahuan cukup tentang keputihan. Disarankan bagi siswi dapat menambah wawasan mereka melalui media elektronik, cetak, ataupun orang disekitar mereka khususnya mengenai penyebab terjadinya keputihan, jamur penyebab keputihan, pH normal vagina, dan penyebab keputihan secara normal.