bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comedonic lupus, a rare variant of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE): case series and literature review
Authors: da Silveira Camila S. C. , Lemos Thayane B. , Curty Erica R. G. , Sampaio Ana Luisa , Alves Maria de Fátima G. S. , Antelo Daniela A. P. , Gripp Alexandre C. , Azulay‐Abulafia Luna
Published: April 2023

Background

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune disease with several clinical presentations. The chronic form predominantly presents as discoid rashes but may present with less common morphological findings that can sometimes make diagnosis difficult. Comedonic lupus is a rare and underdiagnosed variant, with unknown etiology and still poorly defined treatment.

Methods

The report illustrates a series of five cases of patients diagnosed with comedonic lupus, and it reviews 18 cases previously published in the literature.

Results

The clinical presentation is of comedonal lesions, mostly located on the face, making a differential diagnosis with other benign conditions such as acne vulgaris, Favre‐Racouchot syndrome, and syringoma, emphasizing the importance of clinical practice and histopathology for diagnostic confirmation.

Conclusions

There is scarcity in the literature regarding the condition and therapeutic possibilities for these cases of comedonic lupus.
Ultra‐processedfood consumption andBMI‐Zamong children at risk for obesity fromlow‐incomehouseholds
Authors: Heerman William J. , Sneed Nadia M. , Sommer Evan C. , Truesdale Kimberly P. , Matheson Donna , Noerper Tracy E. , Samuels Lauren R. , Barkin Shari L.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the association between baseline ultra‐processed food consumption in early childhood and child BMIZ‐score over 36 months.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort analysis as a secondary data analysis of the Growing Right Onto Wellness randomised trial. Dietary intake was measured via 24‐h diet recalls. The primary outcome was child BMI‐Z, measured at baseline and at 3‐, 9‐, 12‐, 24‐ and 36‐month timepoints. Child BMI‐Z was modelled using a longitudinal mixed‐effects model, adjusting for covariates and stratifying by age.

Results

Among 595 children, median (Q1–Q3) baseline age was 4.3 (3.6–5.0) years, 52.3% of the children were female, 65.4% had normal weight, 33.8% were overweight, 0.8% were obese and 91.3% of parents identified as Hispanic. Model‐based estimates suggest that, compared with low ultra‐processed consumption (300 kcals/day), high ultra‐processed intake (1300 kcals/day) was associated with a 1.2 higher BMI‐Z at 36 months for 3‐year‐olds (95% CI = 0.5, 1.9;p < 0.001) and a 0.6 higher BMI‐Z for 4‐year‐olds (95% CI = 0.2, 1.0;p = 0.007). The difference was not statistically significant for 5‐year‐olds or overall.

Conclusions

In 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children, but not in 5‐year‐old children, high ultra‐processed food intake at baseline was significantly associated with higher BMI‐Z at 36‐month follow‐up, adjusting for total daily kcals. This suggests that it might not be only the total number of calories in a child's daily intake that influences child weight status, but also the number of calories from ultra‐processed foods.
Beautiful inside and out? The role of physical attractiveness in predicting altruistic behaviour
Authors: Kleinhans Chrisna , Nicholls Nicky
Published: April 2023

Physical attractiveness has been found to influence labour market outcomes, including employment and remuneration. Researchers have also found links between attractiveness and dimensions that are likely to impact career or academic success, such as trust and cooperation. There is less research on physical attractiveness in interactions that are not inherently reciprocal in nature. We are interested in whether altruistic decisions are impacted by perceptions of physical attractiveness in South Africa, a country with significant racial and cultural diversity. We use a dictator game (n = 338, for 1689 decisions) to experimentally investigate whether people perceived as more attractive are treated with more altruism and whether attractive people behave more altruistically. We find more altruism shown towards attractive respondents, particularly from decision‐makers who see themselves as less attractive. Less attractive decision‐makers also show more altruism than decision‐makers who rate themselves as more attractive.
Solving the stochastic team orienteering problem: comparing simheuristics with the sample average approximation method
Authors: Panadero Javier , Juan Angel A. , Ghorbani Elnaz , Faulin Javier , Pagès‐Bernaus Adela
Published: April 2023

The team orienteering problem (TOP) is an NP‐hard optimization problem with an increasing number of potential applications in smart cities, humanitarian logistics, wildfire surveillance, etc. In the TOP, a fixed fleet of vehicles is employed to obtain rewards by visiting nodes in a network. All vehicles share common origin and destination locations. Since each vehicle has a limitation in time or traveling distance, not all nodes in the network can be visited. Hence, the goal is focused on the maximization of the collected reward, taking into account the aforementioned constraints. Most of the existing literature on the TOP focuses on its deterministic version, where rewards and travel times are assumed to be predefined values. This paper focuses on a more realistic TOP version, where travel times are modeled as random variables, which introduces reliability issues in the solutions due to the route‐length constraint. In order to deal with these complexities, we propose a simheuristic algorithm that hybridizes biased‐randomized heuristics with a variable neighborhood search and MCS. To test the quality of the solutions generated by the proposed simheuristic approach, we employ the well‐known sample average approximation (SAA) method, as well as a combination model that hybridizes the metaheuristic used in the simheuristic approach with the SAA algorithm. The results show that our proposed simheuristic outperforms the SAA and the hybrid model both on the objective function values and computational time.
Lycopene inhibits endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of choroidal vascular endothelial cells in laser‐induced mouse choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Li Lele , Cao Xin , Huang Lili , Huang Xiaobo , Gu Jiayi , Yu Xiaoli , Zhu Yan , Zhou Yue , Song Yu , Zhu Manhui
Published: April 2023

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is a major cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly population in developed countries, which is resulted from subretinal fibrosis without effective therapeutic strategies. Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of choroidal vascular endothelial cells (CVECs) contributes to subretinal fibrosis. Lycopene (LYC), a non‐pro‐vitamin A carotenoid, plays an anti‐fibrotic role. Herein, we explored the effect and mechanism of LYC on the EndMT of CVECs during CNV. Firstly, LYC inhibited EndMT in hypoxic human choroidal endothelial cells (HCVECs). Meanwhile, LYC inhibited proliferation, androgen receptor (AR) expression and nuclear localization in hypoxic HCVECs. Then LYC‐inhibited AR promotes the activation of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) in hypoxic HCVECs. In addition, LYC down‐regulated AR and induced MITF up‐regulated pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) transcription and expression in hypoxic HCVECs. Moreover, LYC‐induced PEDF bound to laminin receptor (LR), inhibiting EndMT of hypoxic HCVECs via down‐regulating protein kinase B (AKT)/β‐catenin pathway. In vivo, LYC alleviated mouse laser‐induced subretinal fibrosis secondary to CNV via up‐regulating PEDF without any ocular or systemic toxicity. These results indicate that LYC inhibits EndMT of CVECs via modulating AR/MITF/PEDF/LR/AKT/β‐catenin pathway, showing LYC is a promising therapeutic agent for CNV.
Validating the occurrence of the giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) in the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Escobar‐Camacho Daniel , Andrade Wilson , Valencia Nathalia , Encalada Andrea C. , Pazmiño Diana A.
Published: April 2023

The giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) is distributed mostly in the Indo‐West Pacific. However, a few records indicate the presence of this eel in the Tropical Central and East Pacific. In April 2019, an eel specimen was caught in a small stream in San Cristobal Island, Galápagos. Morphological and molecular characters (16S and Cytb mtDNA sequences) confirmed the species as A. marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824. The re‐discovery of A. marmorata in Galápagos supports the hypothesis of an eastward range expansion from the west, probably through the North Equatorial Counter‐Current.
Investigation of osmosonication pretreated chili (Capsicum frutescensL.) drying in solar‐assisted fluidized bed dryer utilizing dehumidified air
Authors: Majumder Prasanta , Deb Bachu , Gupta Rajat
Published: April 2023

The heat and moisture sensitivity of spices and a consistent supply of electrical energy is the challenging factors in developing a relevant drying system for rural applications. A novel solar‐assisted fluidized bed dryer was developed for drying locally harvested unique spices like bird's eye chili (Capsicum frutescens L.). The chili was pretreated by the osmosonication method prior to drying to expedite the elimination of intercellular and intracellular moisture. In order to make the dryer more reliable, the recirculation strategy and dehumidified air supplied by liquid desiccant were acclimatized to constrict the heat loss through outflowing moist drying air. The experiments were conducted up to the permissible water activity (0.4–0.6) under variable drying conditions (50–70°C). By raising the ambient inlet temperature (maximum 25.9°C), the developed solar FBD was able to supply the drying air up to 50°C (in continuous mode) and a maximum of up to 65°C without aiding any heat energy sources except solar. It was found that osmosonication opened up the possibility of reducing the required drying temperature (↓10°C) and energy consumption (up to ↓31.7%). The dried red chili was fortified by pretreatment, as it could retain more capsaicin (>6%) and reddishness (>5%) compared to untreated samples. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the structural integrity of pretreated samples. The relative humidity of the drying air could be reduced by as much as 5% using the composite lithium chloride and calcium chloride (35% + 5%) desiccant dehumidifier. Dehumidification of air was found advantageous, with an inclination to shorten the drying duration (about ↓0.5 h) and energy (↓12.43%).

Practical Applications

There are various commercially valuable unique agro‐products that are exclusively being produced in rural areas. The inaccessibility of relevant drying technology and inconsistency of grid electricity are the main constraints in the value addition of those products. Open sun drying is most popular in rural areas; however, it is not reliable, and the product quality can't maintain. The developed solar‐assisted fluidized bed dryer utilizing dehumidifying air and integrated with osmosonication pretreatment could be a relevant technology for drying heat and moisture‐sensitive products like spices. Cost‐effective drying using locally accessible solar energy compared to open sun drying and superior dried product quality can be achieved by using the current drying system.
Neuroprotective effect of short‐chain fatty acids against oxidative stress‐induced SH‐SY5Y injury via GPR43‐dependent pathway
Authors: Saikachain Nongluk , Sungkaworn Titiwat , Muanprasat Chatchai , Asavapanumas Nithi
Published: April 2023

A neurodegenerative disorder is a condition that causes a degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system, leading to cognitive impairment and movement disorders. An accumulation of oxidative stress in neurons contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Over the past few years, several studies have suggested that short‐chain fatty acids, metabolites of the gut microbiota, might have a beneficial effect in neurodegenerative disorders. A G protein‐coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) plays an important role in modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in several tissues. Interestingly, the downstream signaling pathways activated by GPR43 to modulate oxidative stress differ among tissues. Moreover, the cellular mechanisms underlying GPR43 activation in neuronal cells to handle oxidative stress remain unclear. In this present study, we tested the role of GPR43, which is activated by short‐chain fatty acids or a specific GPR43 agonist, in an oxidative stress‐induced neuronal cell line (SH‐SY5Y) injury. Our findings suggest that a combination of short‐chain fatty acids with a physiological function could protect neurons from H2O2‐induced cell damage. The effect of short‐chain fatty acids mixture was abolished by pretreatment with a GPR43 antagonist, indicating this protective effect is a GPR43‐dependent mechanism. In addition, a specific GPR43 agonist shows a similar result to that found in short‐chain fatty acids mixture. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the downstream activation of GPR43 to protect against oxidative stress‐induced neuronal injury is a biased Gq activation signaling of GPR43, which results in the prevention of H2O2‐induced neuronal apoptosis. In conclusion, our results show new insight into the cellular mechanism of GPR43 and its neuroprotective effect. Taken together, this newly discovered finding suggests that activation of the biased Gq signaling pathway of GPR43 might be a potential therapeutic target for aging‐related neurodegeneration.

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How to increase students' motivation to engage in university initiatives towards environmental sustainability
Authors: Juma‐Michilena Israel‐Javier , Ruiz‐Molina Maria‐Eugenia , Gil‐Saura Irene , Belda‐Miquel Sergio
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, it is of vital importance to make students aware of the problems that can be generated by the deterioration of the environment. The purpose of this study is to establish a suitable mechanism to predict behavior and to investigate the actions that most motivate students to participate in sustainability activities both on and off campus. To achieve this objective, a sample of 1446 students from nine Latin American universities is analyzed using the CHAID algorithm as a segmentation technique. In this way, the aim is to identify the most relevant actions that allow students to be segmented according to their motivations. From a theoretical point of view, the effectiveness of this segmentation technique in the context of environmental sustainability is confirmed, and from a practical point of view, university managers are provided with guidelines on the most effective measures to motivate students to develop pro‐environmental behavior.
Dietary intakes of individuals with temporomandibular disorders: A comparative study
Authors: Aktaş Arda , Ilgaz Fatma , Serel Arslan Selen
Published: April 2023

Objective

There are some studies regarding the potential effects of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) on food intake and eating habits, however the comparison of nutritional intakes and status of individuals with and without TMD have not been adequately reported. Thus, the study aimed to assess the dietary intakes of individuals with TMD, and investigate if there is a difference in nutritional intakes between healthy individuals with and without TMD.

Methods

Individuals were grouped as ‘study group (with TMD)’ versus ‘control group (no TMD)’ according to Fonseca Anamnestic Index. The Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) was used to assess oral health‐related quality of life. Chewing function was evaluated with the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS). A 24‐h dietary recall method was used to measure daily dietary intakes of the participants, and daily energy, macro‐ and micronutrient intakes were calculated. In addition, all drinks and foods in dietary records were classified under a specific modification level as ‘Liquid‐blenderized’, ‘Minced‐moist & soft’ and ‘Easy‐to chew & regular solid foods’.

Results

The participants in the study group (30 participants) had higher OHIP‐14 score (p < .01) than control group (30 participants). According to TOMASS, number of bites (p = .003) and total time (p = .007) were both higher in the study group than control group. There was no difference in the number of chewing cycles (p = .100) and number of swallowing (p = .764) between groups. No difference was detected between groups in terms of energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat intake. There was no significant difference between groups in mean percentage of energy and macronutrient intakes from modified and regular food textures (p > .05).

Conclusion

This study showed that there was no difference between individuals with and without TMD in terms of dietary intakes. The study results suggest that nutritional status of individuals with TMD is similar with healthy individuals without TMD.
Health outcomes of children in state care in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Pugh Mia , Bowden Nick , Kokaua Jesse , Dawson Pauline , Duncanson Mavis
Published: April 2023

Aim

This study aims to provide an overview of the association between being in the custody of the chief executive of Oranga Tamariki (the child welfare agency of the New Zealand (NZ) government) and all‐cause hospitalisation and mortality.

Methods

This was a national retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data from the Integrated Data Infrastructure. Data were obtained for all 0–17 year‐olds living in NZ on 31 December 2013. In‐care status was ascertained at this point. Outcomes of all‐cause hospitalisation and all‐cause mortality were assessed between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018. Adjusted models incorporated age, sex, ethnicity, level of socioeconomic deprivation and rural/urban status.

Results

There were 4650 in‐care children and 1 009 377 not‐in‐care children in NZ on 31 December 2013. Of those in care, 54% were male, 42% lived in the most deprived areas and 63% identified as Māori. Adjusted models showed that in‐care children were 1.32 (95% CI 1.27–1.38) times more likely to be hospitalised than not‐in‐care children and 3.64 (95% CI 2.47–5.40) times more likely to die.

Conclusion

This cohort study highlights that the care and protection system prior to 2018 was not preventing children in its care from experiencing severe adverse outcomes. Overseas research has previously been relied on when making practice and policy decisions around child care and protection in NZ, so this research will provide valuable insight into best practice in an NZ context.
ArylalkylamineN‐acetyltransferase (AANAT): Blue light induction, nuclear translocation, and potential role in the survival of chicken retina neuronal cells
Authors: Rios Maximiliano N. , Marchese Natalia A. , Guido Mario E.
Published: April 2023

In vertebrates, arylalkylamineN‐acetyltransferase (AANAT; EC 2.3.1.87) is the time‐keeping and key regulatory enzyme in melatonin (Mel) biosynthesis. AANAT is present in the pineal gland, retina, and other regions where it is controlled by light, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, and the molecular clock. AANAT converts serotonin toN‐acetyl serotonin (NAS) and the last enzyme in the pathway, hydroxy‐o‐methyltransferase (HIOMT), forms Mel by NAS methylation. We have previously shown that AANAT is expressed in chicken retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during daytime at the level of mRNA and enzyme activity. Here we investigated the presence of AANAT protein and mRNA throughout development in the chicken embryonic retina as well as AANAT expression, phosphorylation, and its sub‐cellular localization in primary cultures of retinal neurons from E10 embryonic retinas exposed to blue light (BL) and controls kept in the dark (D). From embryonic days 7–10 (E7‐10) AANAT mRNA and protein were visualized mainly concentrated in the forming ganglion cell layer (GCL), while from E17 through postnatal days, expression was detectable all through the different retinal cell layers. At postnatal day 10 (PN10) when animals were subjected to a 12:12 h LD cycle, AANAT was mainly expressed in the GCL and inner nuclear layer cells at noon (Zeitgeber Time (ZT 6)) and in the photoreceptor cell layer at night (ZT 21). Primary cultures of retinal neurons exhibited an induction of AANAT protein when cells were exposed to BL for 1 h as compared with D controls. After BL exposure, AANAT showed a significant change in intracellular localization from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the BL condition, remaining in the nucleus 1–2 h in the D after BL stimulation. BL induction of nuclear AANAT was substantially inhibited when cultures were treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHD). Furthermore, the phosphorylated form of the enzyme (pAANAT) increased after BL in nuclear fractions obtained from primary cultures as compared with D controls. Finally, the knockdown of AANAT by sh‐RNA in primary cultures affected cell viability regardless of the light condition. AANAT knockdown also affected the redox balance, sh‐AANAT treated cultures showing higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than in the sh‐control. Our results support the idea that AANAT is a BL‐sensing enzyme in the inner retina of diurnal vertebrates, undergoing phosphorylation and nuclear importation in response to BL stimulation. Moreover, it can be inferred that AANAT plays a novel role in nuclear function, cell viability, and, likely, through redox balance regulation.
Communities as inventors: Rethinking positive protection of traditional knowledge through patents
Authors: Bhaduri Anik
Published: April 2023

Traditional knowledge of indigenous communities often overlaps with spiritual traditions in which certain biogenetic resources are understood to be “sacred”. Accordingly, one of the key concerns of these communities is to retain control over the manner in which the knowledge is used so as to ensure that its sanctity is preserved. While much of the literature on the protection of traditional knowledge revolves around defensive protection, some commentators have argued for positive protection using patent law by recognizing the entire community as inventors and vesting property rights in perpetuity with the community as a whole. This paper observes that such positive protection through patents is consistent with the TRIPS Agreement and is likely to be successful in combating biopiracy but suffers from one crucial flaw—even if the community owns patent rights over a biogenetic resource, the community has no means to ensure that a potential licensee of the patent would adhere to the religious protocols of the community. Accordingly, it argues for the incorporation of collective moral rights rooted in indigenous law into the legal framework governing the licensing of traditional knowledge patent with a view to ensuring that indigenous communities can preserve their cultural heritage even after such community patents are licensed.
MOSAIC+: A Crosslinguistic Model of Verb‐Marking Errors in Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Freudenthal Daniel , Gobet Fernand , Pine Julian M.
Published: April 2023

This study extended an existing crosslinguistic model of verb‐marking errors in children's early multiword speech (MOSAIC) by adding a novel mechanism that defaults to the most frequent form of the verb where this accounts for a high proportion of forms in the input. Our simulations showed that the resulting model not only provides a better explanation of the data on typically developing children but also captures the crosslinguistic pattern of verb‐marking error in children with developmental language disorder, including the tendency of English‐speaking children to show higher rates of optional‐infinitive errors and the tendency of Dutch‐, German‐, and Spanish‐speaking children to show higher rates of agreement errors. The new version of MOSAIC thus provides a unified crosslinguistic model of the pattern of verb‐marking errors in typically developing children and children with developmental language disorder.
Shining a light on bacterial environmental cue integration and its relation to metabolism
Authors: Chen Yue , Quirk Natalia F. , Tan Shumin
Published: April 2023

The ability of a bacterium to successfully colonize its host is dependent on proper adaptation to its local environment. Environmental cues are diverse in nature, ranging from ions to bacterial‐produced signals, and to host immune responses that can also be exploited by the bacteria as cues. Simultaneously, bacterial metabolism must be matched to the carbon and nitrogen sources available at a given time and location. While initial characterization of a bacterium's response to a given environmental cue or its ability to utilize a particular carbon/nitrogen source requires study of the signal in question in isolation, actual infection poses a situation where multiple signals are present concurrently. This perspective focuses on the untapped potential in uncovering and understanding how bacteria integrate their response to multiple concurrent environmental cues, and in elucidating the possible intrinsic coordination of bacterial environmental response with its metabolism.
International origin and development of nationalism: Generational transformation of East Timorese nationalism under Indonesia's occupation (1975–1999)
Authors: Kamisuna Takahiro
Published: April 2023

East Timorese nationalism experienced a unique generational transition during Indonesia's occupation hinging onto internationalism in the changing world. In contrast to the existing literature on nationalism, which is overwhelmingly focused on earlier construction of nationalism and post‐independence nation building, this article offers a theoretical account of the transformation of nationalism from an older to newer generation through a socio‐historical analysis. In light of interactions between nationalism and internationalism, it argues that while the older generation relied on a Lusophone cosmology of anti‐colonialism derived from counterparts in Portuguese colonies in Africa in the 1960s, the younger generation took advantage of universal human rights advocacy in the 1990s in its aspiration for independence. In doing so, this study demonstrates both generational continuity and change in the construction, development and transformation of East Timorese nationalism.
Anaemia in adolescent women: A priority for the nutrition agenda in Mexico. A comparison of data from the ENSANUT 2012 and 2018–2019 surveys
Authors: Mejía‐Rodríguez Fabiola , Kim‐Herrera Edith Y. , Quezada‐Sánchez Amado D. , Venosa López Mónica , Pacheco‐Miranda Selene , Shamah‐Levy Teresa , Bonvecchio Arenas Anabelle , García Guerra Armando , De la Cruz‐Góngora Vanessa
Published: April 2023

The risk of anaemia in adolescence increases due to accelerated growth. This study aims to: (1) estimate the prevalence of anaemia in 2012 and 2018–2019 (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion – ENSANUT [n = 5841 in 2012 and n = 2380 in 2018–2019]) in non‐pregnant, Mexican adolescent women aged 12–19 years, and the changes in prevalence over this period according to sociodemographic, health and nutrition characteristics; (2) estimate the associations between anaemia and sociodemographic, health and nutrition characteristics in each year and overall, in non‐pregnant Mexican adolescent women. Anaemia was defined as capillary haemoglobin <12 g/dL. The distribution of characteristics and their changes between 2012 and 2018–2019 were described. The covariate‐adjusted prevalence of anaemia in 2012 and 2018–2019 and the changes over that period were estimated from a multiple log‐binomial regression model and the factors associated with anaemia were assessed in each survey year and in both years combined. The prevalence of anaemia was 7.7% in 2012 and 13.1% in 2018–2019 (69% increase, Prevalence Ratio: PR = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.35, 2.13). The covariate‐adjusted prevalence of anaemia increased from 6.9% to 10.5% in the overall population (PR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.19, 1.96), and increased considerably in the age group 12–14 years (PR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.36, 2.75), and in the northern region (PR = 3.68, 95%CI: 2.55, 5.32). Those receiving iron supplements or school breakfasts did not register a significant increase. A higher household wellbeing status and older age were associated with a lower prevalence of anaemia. Anaemia in non‐pregnant adolescent women continues to be a public health problem. To improve the development and health of adolescent women in Mexico and to pave the way to a healthy pregnancy for the next generation, the causes of anaemia should be identified.
Effects of physalis rugose mosaic and groundnut ringspot viruses, in single and double infections, on the development, yield and postharvest fruit characteristics of Physalis peruviana plants
Authors: Kraide Heron Delgado , Carmo Eike Yudi Nishimura , Esquivel‐Fariña Arnaldo , Ferro Camila Geovana , da Silva Paula Porrelli Moreira , Rezende Jorge Alberto Marques
Published: April 2023

Physalis peruviana (Solanaceae), originating from the Andean region of South America, is an exotic plant cultivated in Brazil that produces edible fruit. Five viruses have been reported to naturally infect the Physalis plants in Brazil, of which, two have been drawing attention for the severity of their infections: sobemovirus, physalis rugose mosaic virus (PhyRMV) and orthotospovirus, groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of single and double infections of PhyRMV and GRSV on the development, yield and postharvest fruit characteristics of P. peruviana plants. We found that both viruses caused severe systemic symptoms in infected plants, and double infection even led to plant death. Plant height and aerial dry weight were significantly affected by PhyRMV and GRSV infections. Double‐infected plants were the most affected, exhibiting average height and aerial dry weight reductions of 70.9% and 89.7%, respectively. Moreover, PhyRMV‐ and GRSV‐infected plants showed average fruit yield reductions of 66.4% and 85.2%, respectively, compared to healthy plants. Notably, double‐infected plants did not produce any fruit. The fruits produced by infected plants were smaller than those produced by healthy plants. Viral infections also affected postharvest characteristics, such as titratable acidity, total soluble solids (°Brix), phenolic compound concentration and antioxidant activity. Both viruses affected the pulp firmness and palatability, but not the colour of the fruits. Therefore, effective disease management strategies against these viruses are necessary to prevent economic losses.
Advance care planning in chronic kidney disease: A national Danish survey of knowledge and attitudes among clinicians
Authors: Frandsen Christina Egmose , Dieperink Hans , Trettin Bettina , Agerskov Hanne
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Patients with chronic kidney disease and their families strongly request advance care planning. They want it to start early—before treatment decisions are made—and to be an ongoing process during their illness trajectory. Previous international studies show that health care professionals find there to be significant barriers that impact the extent of involvement in advance care planning.

Aim

To identify Danish nephrology health care professionals' knowledge and attitudes to advance care planning and the status of current advance care planning practice in Denmark.

Method

An anonymous, cross‐sectional survey was administrated online. The questionnaire was developed in Australia and translated and culturally adapted into Danish. Health care professionals were recruited via email lists. In descriptive statistics and multiple ordinal regression, the influence of the respondents' attributes on the extent of involvement in advance care planning was explored, along with the involvement of family, and skills, comfort, barriers and facilitators in relation to advance care planning.

Results

The 207 respondents comprised nephrologists (23%), other physicians (8%), nurses (62%) and other HCPs (7%), of whom 27% had participated in advance care planning training. In total, 66% indicated that they lacked access to material about advance care planning for patients with chronic kidney disease and 46% indicated that the conversations were performed ad hoc. A total of 47% reported that advance care planning was performed well at their workplace. Reported barriers were time, lack of experience and procedure. Training in advance care planning could facilitate the involvement. Nurses were less likely to feel skilled and comfortable in engaging advance care planning, while those with more than 10 years of experience were more likely to feel skilled and comfortable.

Conclusion

Training in advance care planning with patients with chronic kidney disease and their families on both a theoretical and clinical level is important to ensure comfort among health care professionals and to facilitate the extent of involvement. A systematic chronic kidney disease‐specific approach is significant, in order to guide the conversations and ensure that advance care planning is conducted to a set standard.
Efficacy of yoga for caregivers of persons with dementia: An integrative review
Authors: Parkman Suzanne , Olausson Jill
Published: April 2023

Background

The progressive nature of dementia leaves the person vulnerable and dependent on others for care. While persons with dementia often have better outcomes when cared for at home, it can lead to personal challenges and self‐neglect of the caregiver. Mindfulness‐based interventions such as yoga can lessen the potential negative effects encountered by caregivers of persons with dementia.

Aim

The aim of this review was to synthesise available empirical research related to the role of yoga on the biopsychosocial health outcomes for caregivers of persons with dementia population.

Method

A systematic search of the databases Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus, Medline and PsychINFO was done using the terms “yoga” AND “caregivers or family members or informal caregivers” AND “dementia or Alzheimer's.” Using the selection process outlined by the PRISMA framework, thirty‐six studies met the initial criteria and were potentially relevant to the topic. A methodological check was performed using the critical appraisal tool of Melnyk and Fineout‐Overholt and the GRADE system of recommendation. This process led to the inclusion of four articles.

Findings

Four studies were included for this review: two randomised controlled trials, a non‐randomised intervention study with a waitlist and a pilot cohort study. Three studies focused on informal caregivers and one study involved professional caregivers. In all studies, yoga practices included asanas, pranayama, relaxation and meditation. This integrative review recommended that yoga may be useful in reducing stress, depression and anxiety while increasing quality of life indicators, vitality indicators, self‐compassion scores, mindfulness attention, sleep quality and diastolic blood pressure. Outcomes that were not significantly changed were caregiver burden, systolic blood pressure and heart rate. However, the level of evidence was moderate with small sample sizes suggesting additional research is needed to include well‐designed randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes.
A cosmopolitan instrumentalist theory of secession
Authors: Weltman Daniel
Published: April 2023

I defend the cosmopolitan instrumentalist theory of secession, according to which a group has a right to secede only if this would promote cosmopolitan justice. I argue that the theory is preferable to other theories of secession because it is an entailment of cosmopolitanism, which is independently attractive, and because, unlike other theories of secession, it allows us to give the answers we want to give in cases like secession of the rich or secession that would make things worse for minorities. I defend the view against the objections that it allows for colonialism and annexation, that it is not a distinct theory, and that it is impractical.
Do you need to know in order to act? The case for a Suárezian legacy in early modern occasionalism
Authors: Sangiacomo Andrea
Published: April 2023

The goal of this article is to suggest that in early modern discussions of agency and causal efficacy it is possible to detect an attempt at pushing to its extreme consequences a specific account of agency and causality that was developed in late scholastic thought. More specifically, the article examines Francisco Suárez's (1548–1617) account of freedom and how this relates to his views on efficient causality. Despite Suárez's careful way of differentiating between natural (necessary) and human (free) agents, his viewcanbe exploited to drive home occasionalist positions that deny causal efficacy for natural agents lacking reason. The family resemblance that might be noted between early modern positions could be traced back to the reception of a common late scholastic background and to the tensions and potential nestled there.
Economic complexity and income inequality: New evidence of a nonlinear effect
Authors: Nguyen Canh Phuc , Nguyen Binh Quang , Tran Duyen Thuy Le
Published: April 2023

Intro

The literature indicates that economic complexity (the geography of economic activities) is an important explanatory factor in income inequality; however, empirical evidence is still inconclusive. This study addresses this gap by considering the nonlinear influence of economic complexity on income inequality.

Methods

Panel quantile regression with fixed effects is applied for a global sample of 121 countries from 1995 to 2018, showing robust findings.

Results

Economic complexity appears to have an inverted‐U‐shaped effect on income inequality. That is, economic complexity likely increases income inequality up to a threshold, beyond which economic complexity helps to reduce income inequality. This inverted‐U‐shaped effect is found consistently in low‐income, lower‐middle‐income, and upper‐middle‐income countries, while the opposite effect is found in high‐income countries. Evidence of an inverted‐U‐shaped effect is also documented in most regions except the Middle East & North Africa and South Asia. Interestingly, the study finds that improvements in economic complexity appear to have U‐shaped effects on the income share of the bottom earners and inverted‐U‐shaped effects on the income share of the top earners.

Conclusion

These effects explain the inverted‐U‐shaped effect of economic complexity on income inequality. The results are robust across different quantiles, proxies of income inequality, and various control variables
Cryoprecipitate for the treatment of life‐threatening hemorrhage in children
Authors: Horst Jennifer A. , Spinella Philip C. , Leonard Julie C. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Leeper Christine M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Hypofibrinogenemia is an important risk factor for poor outcomes in children with severe bleeding. There is a paucity of data on the impact of cryoprecipitate transfusion on outcomes in pediatric patients with life‐threatening hemorrhage (LTH).

Study Design and Methods

This secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study of children with LTH investigated subjects who were categorized by receipt of cryoprecipitate during their resuscitation and according to the etiology of their bleeding: trauma, operative, and medical. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify variables associated with 6‐h, 24‐h, and 28‐day mortality. Cox Hazard regression models were generated to adjust for potential confounders.

Results

Cryoprecipitate was transfused to 33.9% (152/449) of children during LTH. The median (Interquartile range) time to cryoprecipitate administration was 108 (47–212) minutes. Children in the cryoprecipitate group were younger, more often female, with higher BMI and pre‐LTH PRISM score and lower platelet counts. After adjusting for PRISM score, bleeding etiology, age, sex, RBC volume, platelet volume, antifibrinolytic use and cardiac arrest, cryoprecipitate administration was independently associated with lower 6‐h mortality, Hazard Ratio (95% CI), 0.41 (0.19–0.89), (p = 0.02) and 24‐h mortality, Hazard Ratio (95% CI), 0.46 (0.24–0.89), (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Cryoprecipitate transfusion to children with LTH was associated with reduced early mortality. A prospective randomized trial is needed to determine if cryoprecipitate can improve outcomes in children with LTH.
Epsilon aminocaproic acid is associated with acute kidney injury after life‐threatening hemorrhage in children
Authors: Kolodziej Julia H. , Leeper Christine M. , Leonard Julie C. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Zenati Mazen S. , Spinella Philip C.
Published: April 2023

Background

Antifibrinolytic medications have been associated with reduced mortality in pediatric hemorrhage but may contribute to adverse events such as acute kidney injury (AKI).

Study Design and Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of the MAssive Transfusion in Children (MATIC), a prospectively collected database of children with life‐threatening hemorrhage (LTH), and evaluated for risk of adverse events with either antifibrinolytic treatment, epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) or tranexamic acid (TXA). The primary outcome was AKI and secondary outcomes were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis.

Results

Of 448 children included, median (interquartile range) age was 7 (2–15) years, 55% were male, and LTH etiology was 46% trauma, 34% operative, and 20% medical. Three hundred and ninety‐three patients did not receive an antifibrinolytic (88%); 37 (8%) received TXA and 18 (4%) received EACA. Sixty‐seven (17.1%) patients in the no antifibrinolytic group developed AKI, 6 (16.2%) patients in the TXA group, and 9 (50%) patients in the EACA group (p = .002). After adjusting for cardiothoracic surgery, cyanotic heart disease, preexisting renal disease, lowest hemoglobin pre‐LTH, and total weight‐adjusted transfusion volume during the LTH, the EACA group had increased risk of AKI (adjusted odds ratio 3.3 [95% CI: 1.0–10.3]) compared to no antifibrinolytic. TXA was not associated with AKI. Neither antifibrinolytic treatment was associated with ARDS or sepsis.

Conclusion

Administration of EACA during LTH may increase the risk of AKI. Additional studies are needed to compare the risk of AKI between EACA and TXA in pediatric patients.
Adaptive closed‐loop resuscitation controllers for hemorrhagic shock resuscitation
Authors: Vega Saul J. , Berard David , Avital Guy , Ross Evan , Snider Eric J.
Published: April 2023

Background

After hemorrhage control, fluid resuscitation is the most important intervention for hemorrhage. Even skilled providers can find resuscitation challenging to manage, especially when multiple patients require care. In the future, attention‐demanding medical tasks like fluid resuscitation for hemorrhage patients may be reassigned to autonomous medical systems when availability of skilled human providers is limited, such as in austere military settings and mass casualty incidents. Central to this endeavor is the development and optimization of control architectures for physiological closed‐loop control systems (PCLCs). PCLCs can take many forms, from simple table look‐up methods to widely used proportional–integral–derivative or fuzzy‐logic control theory. Here, we describe the design and optimization of multiple adaptive resuscitation controllers (ARCs) that we have purpose‐built for the resuscitation of hemorrhaging patients.

Study Design and Methods

Three ARC designs were evaluated that measured pressure–volume responsiveness using different methodologies during resuscitation from which adapted infusion rates were calculated. These controllers were adaptive in that they estimated required infusion flow rates based on measured volume responsiveness. A previously developed hardware‐in‐loop test platform was used to evaluate the ARCs implementations across several hemorrhage scenarios.

Results

After optimization, we found that our purpose‐built controllers outperformed traditional control system architecture as embodied in our previously developed dual‐input fuzzy‐logic controller.

Discussion

Future efforts will focus on engineering our purpose‐built control systems to be robust to noise in the physiological signal coming to the controller from the patient as well as testing controller performance across a range of test scenarios and in vivo.
Molecular Characterization of Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) Isolated from Salad Vegetables in Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: W. H. Haslinda , J. Y. H. Tang , T. C. Tuan Zainazor
Published: April 2023

Salad vegetables are the important sources of vitamins and minerals for human diet. However, salad vegetables are potential vehicles for non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS) as reported in our previous study. Such contamination posed significant food poisoning risk to consumer. The aims of present study include determination of the virulence genes prevalence in NTS isolates in samples from retail markets and farms. Besides, characterization of NTS isolates was performed to determine their genetic relatedness. Multiplex PCR assay was done to detect the presence of 15 virulence genes in 58 NTS isolates. The genetic relatedness of 33 NTS belonging to S. Weltevreden, S. Albany, S. Hvittingfoss, S. Aberdeen, S. Poona and S. Corvallis were characterized using ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR typing methods. Results showed the presence of 13 virulence genes (spiA, pagC, msgA, invA, sipB, prgH, spaN, orgA, tolC, sitC, lpfC, sifA and sopB) among all the isolates with 53 (91.38%) isolates carried more than 11 virulence genes, while other five isolates carried the genes in the range of six to nine types. None of the isolates possessed spvB and pefA genes. Major clusters were observed at a genetic distance percentage of 90% for both ERIC- and BOX-PCR with discriminatory index of 0.917 and 0.873, respectively. In terms of source and type of sample, all NTS isolates were found diverse without clear association, thus no specific cluster was found. In summary, this study demonstrated the potential risks of NTS from salad vegetables to cause foodborne diseases and they were commonly found to be related with regard to their specific serovars.
Effect of Wall Oscillation Period on Fluid Flow in Branched Channel with a Moving Indentation
Authors: Md Yasin Roliza , Kasiman Erwan Hafizi , Saidina Amin Norsarahaida , Mohd Yassin Airil Yasreen , Beng Hong Ahmad Kueh , Mustapha Norzieha
Published: April 2023

The numerical simulation of two-dimensional fluid flow in T-shaped and Y-shaped channels having a single moving indented wall is performed by the finite element method in the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian frame. The motion of the indented wall is defined as a hyperbolic function, and it is located at a small segment at the bottom wall in the parent channel. The smallest value of the wall oscillation period causes the waviest core flow in the main channel, resulting in bigger vortices and greater flow separation region in the branches, especially during the outward indentation motion. This flow disturbance pattern is found more severe in T-channel as compared to that of in Y-channel.
Coefficient Estimate on Second Hankel Determinant of the Logarithmic Coefficients for Close-To-Convex Function Subclass with Respect to the Koebe Function
Authors: Cik Soh Shaharuddin , Mohamad Daud , Mohd Dzubaidi Mohamad Huzaifah
Published: April 2023

Let S denote the subclass of the analytic function and univalent functions in D, where D is defined as the unit disk and having the Taylor representation form of S. In this paper, we will estimate the second Hankel determinant which the elements are the logarithmic coefficients of the class close-to-convex function with respect to the Koebe function in S