bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Solid Content on Rheological, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Adipic Acid‐Based Flame Retardant Polyurethane Dispersion
Authors: Mishra Vijayalaxmi , Kapatel Parth , Kim Seong‐Cheol
Published: November 2024

The solid concentration of polyurethane dispersion is an important aspect of the coating application. In the present work, anionic waterborne polyurethane was prepared by reacting PPG‐100, adipic acid, and THPP‐based monophosphate polyester diol with IPDI. The formulation was done by varying solid concentrations of dispersion. The chemical structure was confirmed using FTIR and NMR. The surface morphology of coated panels was analyzed by SEM that shows as solid concentration increases surface roughness increases. The rheological property indicates that the solid concentration of FRPUDs increases viscosity and storage modulus whereas loss modulus decreases. The thermal degradation rate increases from 348°C to 354°C with increased solid concentration. LOI increases from 26% to 29% with increase in solid concentration. Tensile strength increases from 10.5 to 14.8 MPa with an increase in solid concentration in dispersion. Flexibility or elongation increases from 268% to 299% with a decrease in solid concentration. Scratch hardness in coating increases with increase in solid concentration.
Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)/Polyaniline (PMMA/PAni) Electrospun Membranes for Use in Chemical Sensors
Authors: Manzo Jaime Danay , Mariz de Oliveira Barra Guilherme , Ramôa Sílvia D. A. S. , Santana Leonardo , Sartori Farenzena Lucio , Merlini Claudia
Published: November 2024

Sensors play a crucial role in various sectors, including information technology, medicine, industry, and environmental monitoring. Among these, semiconductor sensors made from polymeric films, such as polyaniline (PAni), are particularly valued for their functionality at room temperature. This study focuses on developing a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/PAni membrane using a notably low concentration of PAni, which demonstrated a remarkable variation in sensor sensitivity, achieving a difference of four orders of magnitude. The sensitivity of chemical gas sensors is significantly influenced by their specific surface area; therefore, we employed electrospinning—a cost‐effective technique that produces fibers with micro‐ to nanometric diameters, thereby significantly enhancing surface area. Our aim was to improve the electrospinning parameters configuration to create PMMA/PAni membranes with uniform fibers for gas detection applications. We evaluated three PAni concentrations (2.5 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 7.5 wt.%) to understand their effects on the membrane's microstructure and gas response. Characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and electrical conductivity measurements, revealed that a 2.5 wt.% PMMA solution produced the best fiber formation. Notably, the PMMA membrane containing 5 wt.% PAni exhibited reduced electrical resistance upon gas exposure, highlighting its strong potential for sensor applications.
Study of Physicochemical and Biological Properties of UHMWPE Joint Implant With Ti, Ta, and Zr Thin Films
Authors: Dotta Maddalozzo Ana Elisa , Della Giustina Marina , Zorzi Janete Eunice , Roesch‐Ely Mariana , Aguzzoli Cesar
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to improve the surface of polymer implants by examining the physicochemical and biological properties of UHMWPE coated with titanium, tantalum, and zirconium thin films. The coatings exhibited enhancements in wettability alongside diminished roughness. The Zr film exhibited a contact angle of 16°, a significant improvement compared to the UHMWPE sample, which has an angle of 102°. Moreover, the roughness of the pristine sample (0.958 μm) was substantially reduced to 0.403 μm with the Ta film. These characteristics prevented the adhesion of fibroblasts, minimizing the risk of fibrous encapsulation surrounding the implant [2]. Micro‐abrasion tests demonstrated that the coatings reduced the wear coefficient, making them ideal for increasing the longevity of the implant in the human body. Transitioning from a wear coefficient of 0.47 × 10–12 m2/N for UHMWPE, values as low as 0.21 × 10–12 m2/N were attained, particularly in the sample with the Ti film. Therefore, the coatings exhibit favorable characteristics for the intended biomedical application.
Pyrene Derived Donor‐Acceptor as a Host for Fullerene Unveils the Crystallinity in Semiconducting Nanostructures
Authors: Kumari Priti , Naga Rajesh Manne , Pravallika Nagadatta , Giribabu Lingamallu , Prasanthkumar Seelam
Published: November 2024

Donor‐acceptor in linear π‐conjugated systems elicits the intramolecular charge transfer which improves the optical and electronic characteristics. Nevertheless, linear arrangement of electron donor and acceptor finely tune the charge or electron transfer process divulges the device performance. Therefore, molecular engineering of appropriate D−A with precise spacer is indeed challenging. Herein, we synthesized two bispyrene derivatives and attached with benzothiadazole and phenyl group through imidazole spacer (PyBTD and PyBz). PyBTD has shown solvatochromism demonstrates the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from pyrene to benzothiadiazole while PyBz remains as pristine spectra. Microscopic images reveal that network‐type structures for PyBTD and elongated nanorods from self‐assemblies of PyBz. Subsequently, host‐guest interactions suggest that C60 was encapsulated in concave shaped bispyrene controls their crystallinity in nanostructures leads short nanosheets. Impedance analyses depict ICT assisted nanowires facilitate improved conductivity than host‐guest complex. Therefore, imidazole spacer between D−A systems paves the way to design such type of molecules for future generated optoelectronics.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer System from Cesium Lead Bromide Quantum Dots to Naphthalenediimide Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Manoj Lena Amrutha , Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Murakami Hideyuki , Kubo Naoki , Masuo Sadahiro , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko
Published: November 2024

Supramolecular polymers (SPs) formed via the stacking of π‐conjugated molecules are attractive nanomaterials because of their potential optoelectronic properties derived from the non‐covalent interaction between the π‐skeletons. Especially, SPs possessing naphthalenediimide (NDI) core units can act as superior electron acceptors due to their deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Interaction of such SP with electron donors can realize a charge transfer system, but this has not been established. Herein, we report a photoinduced electron transfer system from cesium lead bromide quantum dot (QD) as an electron donor to SP composed of cholesterol‐functionalized NDI derivatives. The supramolecular polymerization in a non‐polar solvent was analyzed in detail via microscopic and spectroscopic analyses. Upon mixing the SP with QDs, the photoluminescence intensity and lifetime of QDs decreased significantly, indicating efficient photoinduced electron transfer from QD to SP.
Use of stepwise m5 model tree to forecast the P24max based on teleconnection indices
Authors: Ghanbarzadeh Golnar , Ghorbani Khalil , Salarijazi Meysam , Komaki Chooghi Bairam , Rezaei Ghaleh Laleh
Published: November 2024

In this study, the linear and non‐linear multivariate relationships between 25 teleconnection indices (tele‐indices) as independent variables and annual P24max as the dependent variable were analyzed using multivariate linear regression (MLR) and decision tree regression models (M5), in selected synoptic weather stations of Iran over a statistical period of 30 years (1992–2021). No strong and statistically significant correlation between each tele‐index and P24max was observed. Therefore, it is not appropriate to attribute climate changes in the region to a single factor such as El Niño, but rather consider the combined influence of multiple factors. The M5 model demonstrated higher performance, indicating a non‐linear relationship between tele‐indices and P24max. The stepwise execution of the M5 model tree showed that the algorithm follows a greedy approach, and it is not necessary to use all variables to predict P24max. The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of P24max estimation was found to be 15%, 13%, 15%, 8%, 20%, 14%, and 12% with the coefficients of determination of 0.78, 0.79, 0.72, 0.85, 0.81, 0.82, and 0.84 in Hashemabad‐Gorgan, Rasht, Kermanshah, Ahvaz, Bandar Abbas, Isfahan, and Birjand, respectively. Finally, it is possible to forecast P24max using tele‐indices measured in the previous year.
Highly Significant Detection of X‐Ray Polarization in Sco X‐1 and Its Polarization Angle Misaligned With the Direction of the Radio Jet
Authors: La Monaca Fabio ,   IXPE Science Team
Published: November 2024

The Imaging X‐ray Polarimetry Explorer has successfully measured the X‐ray polarization of Scorpius X‐1, the brightest Z‐source, in the 2–8 keV energy band. The degree of polarization was found to be with a polarization angle of °. This measurement was conducted simultaneously with NICER, NuSTAR, and Insight‐HXMT observations, enabling a detailed analysis of the source's broad‐band spectrum across soft and hard X‐rays. The source was observed for the majority of the time in its soft state, with occasional flaring. Furthermore, low‐frequency quasiperiodic oscillations were observed. Through a spectro‐polarimetric analysis, we determined that the accretion disk exhibits a polarization <3.2% (90% CL) and the Comptonized component at higher energy a polarization of . An attempt was also performed to measure the polarization of the reflection component. Moreover, a rotation in X‐ray polarization is observed compared to previous observations by OSO‐8 and PolarLight, as well as with respect to the position angle of the radio jet. This finding suggests that the polarization may vary with the state of the source, which means a change in the geometry of the corona with the accretion flow or potentially indicating a relativistic precession.
The Impact of Green Market Orientation and Ambidextrous Green Innovation on Organizational Performance: Empirical Study on Small Restaurants in Vietnam
Authors: Ngo Quang‐Huy
Published: November 2024

The natural resource‐based view (NRBV) posits that aligning business operations toward sustainability fosters innovation and leads to sustainable competitive advantages. Green market orientation (GMO) and green innovation (GI) have emerged as strategic approaches that enhance organizational performance (OP). However, understanding service contexts still needs to be improved, particularly in small restaurants in emerging countries. Additionally, while previous studies on GMO and GI have primarily focused on operationalizing OP based on past performance, there needs to be more understanding of their impact on past performance and future growth. Utilizing a balanced scorecard approach helps to address this limitation effectively. Building on these theoretical frameworks, this study investigates the impact of GMO and ambidextrous GI on OP and the mediating role of ambidextrous GI in the GMO‐OP linkage. Data from 272 small restaurants in Vietnam were collected and analyzed using PLS‐SEM to illuminate the effects of GMO in the restaurant context. The findings support both direct and indirect effects. This study advances NRBV by utilizing balanced scorecard approaches to capture performance outcomes comprehensively. This research also extends GMO studies to the service sector, especially small restaurants, underscoring the pivotal roles of GMO in boosting GI and performance. Lastly, this study follows prior calls for more studies to shed light on the antecedents and consequences of ambidextrous GI.
Net‐zero policy and forward default risk in the energy sector: Evidence of corporate environmentalism using (a)symmetric models
Authors: Mushafiq Muhammad , Prusak Błażej , Apergis Nicholas
Published: November 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of the net‐zero policy on forward default risk at the firm level within the energy sector of the US, spanning over the period 2007–2021. The research employs Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) modeling, as well as linear and non‐linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models to investigate this relationship. The findings suggest that the implementation of net‐zero policy measures can have complex effects on firms' default risk in both the short and long run. The PVAR results confirm a unidirectional negative impact of net‐zero policies on forward default risk over 2, 3, and 5 years. The symmetric ARDL model results show a negative long‐run impact on the future probability of default, with short‐run impacts being positive across all time horizons. The asymmetric ARDL model findings indicate that positive net‐zero measures reduce the probability of default in the long run and increase it in the short run across all time horizons. Conversely, negative shocks of net‐zero measures lead to an increase in the forward probability of default in the long run. The differences in findings between the long and short run are attributed to the effects of capital expenditures on infrastructure expenses required to achieve net‐zero results. This study contributes to the literature on financial outcomes and the impact of adopting sustainable development and net‐zero goals. The policy implications suggest that a supportive institutional framework must be provided to reduce the financial default in energy sector firms, which will assist in capital and infrastructure expenditures in the short run.
Patients Can Administer Mobile Audio Recordings to Increase Knowledge in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kwon Daniel H. , Trihy Lauren , Darvish Nika , Hearst Eliza , Sumra Saffanat , Borno Hala T. , Bose Rohit , Chou Jonathan , de Kouchkovsky Ivan , Desai Arpita , Ekstrand Brad , Friedlander Terence , Kaur Gurleen , Koshkin Vadim S. , Nesheiwat Samantha , Sepucha Karen , Small Eric J. , Aggarwal Rahul R. , Belkora Jeffrey
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Consultation audio recordings improve patient decision‐making but are underutilized. Patient‐administered recording apps on mobile devices may increase access, but implementation has not been evaluated.

Methods

We conducted a single‐arm study delivering education, coaching, and reminders for patients to record their appointment using a mobile recording app. Patients had progressive, advanced prostate cancer and an upcoming appointment where the option of docetaxel would be discussed. We used the RE‐AIM framework for evaluation. Reach was the proportion of patients who participated. Effectiveness was change in informed decision‐making pre‐ vs. post‐appointment. We used a questionnaire evaluating patient knowledge about docetaxel (0%–100% correct) and the decisional conflict scale‐informed subscale (0 = feels extremely uninformed to 100 = extremely informed) to compare means using the paired t‐test. Adoption was the proportion of providers agreeing to be recorded. Implementation was coordinator adherence to intervention delivery. We conducted semistructured interviews with patients, caregivers, and providers to assess barriers, facilitators, and suggestions for recording implementation.

Results

Of 102 patients approached, 50 (49%) patients participated. Mean age was 75 years, 38 (76%) were Non‐Hispanic White, and 43 (86%) had telehealth appointments. Knowledge increased from 44.7% to 49.5% (p = 0.019), particularly about palliative care (42% answering correctly to 60%, p = 0.035). Decisional conflict‐informed subscale increased from 48.9 to 70.9 (p < 0.001). Forty‐three patients (85%) made a recording, of whom 33 (77%) reported the recording helped treatment decision‐making. All 17 providers agreed to be recorded. Coordinator adherence was high. Multi‐level barriers, suggestions, and facilitators mostly related to intervention complexity and stakeholder compatibility.

Conclusion

Patient‐administered audio recordings had a positive effect on decision‐making, particularly for palliative care awareness. For broader implementation, efforts should focus on revising institutional policies; teaching patients or caregivers to use existing recording functions on their devices; leveraging artificial intelligence for transcription and summarization; and integrating recording into telehealth technology and electronic patient portals.

Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05127850
Establishing relationships, understanding escalation ahead of time key in campus protests
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2024

By the time this article publishes, it is likely that we will know who the American public elected as its next president. No matter the outcome, what seems true is that a politically charged group of college students will continue to engage in civil unrest on campus in connection with a variety of issues. What this means for you as a campus safety leader is that you are likely to continue to see protests on campuses nationwide for years to come over a host of different issues. In the wake of the protests in support of Palestine on campuses over the past year, you need to be ready to address — safely, fairly, and in a way that instills trust in your administration among the student body and campus population — these protests in a timely manner.
Glucosinolate Profiles of Capparis spp. and Maerua baillonii (Capparaceae) and Cytotoxicity of Methyl Isothiocyanate‐Rich Isolates From Capparis spinosa subsp. rupestris
Authors: Đulović Azra , Manase Mahenina Jaovita , Čulić Vedrana Čikeš , Burčul Franko , Rollin Patrick , Blažević Ivica
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the glucosinolate profiles of various Capparis spp. and Maerua baillonii, from the Capparaceae family, and evaluates the cytotoxic potential of volatile isolates from Capparis spinosa subsp. rupestris. Using UHPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS, GSLs were identified and quantified across different plant tissues. Glucocapparin, predominant glucosinolate in C. spinosa subsp. spinosa, C. spinosa subsp. rupestris, and M. baillonii, were isolated and analyzed by NMR in its desulfo‐form. Notably, glucosinolates were absent in C. richardii and specific tissues of M. baillonii (e.g., leaves and stems), underscoring species and/or tissue‐specific variability within Capparaceae. Less common glucosinolates for Capparaceae plants, such as glucocochlearin, glucohirsutin, and glucoarabin were also detected. Methyl isothiocyanate was found to be the main volatile in all isolates obtained through various isolation methods, comprising ca. 80%–90% of the total volatiles. Methyl isothiocyanate‐rich volatile isolates were tested for cytotoxicity against human breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231) and bladder cancer (T24) cell lines using the MTT assay, showing significant activity with IC50 values of 3.81 and 5.95 µg/mL, respectively. These findings underscore the anticancer potential of glucocapparin‐bearing plants from the Capparaceae family.
Supporting Faculty to Meet the Needs of Adult Students in Online Learning
Authors: Wasserman Ellen , Sparks Daniel , Azimi Haleh
Published: November 2024

Adult learners, including those who are employed at least part‐time, have children or other family responsibilities, and are older than 25 years can benefit from the flexibility and convenience of online courses. In community colleges, adult learners enroll in online courses at a higher rate than in‐person courses, but their success rates are low, largely due to attrition. Adult learners navigate numerous competing demands on their time and attention, and they seek college experiences that are relevant to their personal and career goals. Instructors need tools to support the unique needs of adult online learners to increase successful outcomes and persistence. This article discusses two classroom interventions that offer models for community colleges to support adult students. The first is a framework to support students in building skills and developing a mindset for self‐directed learning in online coursework. The second is an evidence‐based embedded coaching model for online corequisite courses.
Machine Learning Exploration of Experimental Conditions for Optimized Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Ayu Setyowati Vuri , Mukaida Shiho , Nagita Kaito , Harada Takashi , Nakanishi Shuji , Iwase Kazuyuki
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction has attracted significant attention as a potential method to close the carbon cycle. In this study, we investigated the impact of the electrode fabrication and electrolysis conditions on the product selectivity of Ag electrocatalysts using a machine learning (ML) approach. Specifically, we explored the experimental conditions for obtaining the desired H2/CO mixture ratio with high CO efficiency. Notably, unlike previous ML‐based studies, we used experimental results as training data. This ML‐based approach allowed us to quantitatively assess the effect of experimental parameters on these targets with a reduced number of experimental trials (only 56 experiments). An inverse analysis based on the ML model suggested the optimal experimental conditions for achieving the desired characteristics of the electrolysis system, with the proposed conditions experimentally validated. This study constitutes the first demonstration of optimal experimental conditions for electrochemical CO2 reduction with desired characteristics using the experimental results as training data.
Experimental and Theoretical Insights on Gas Trapping of Noble Gases in MFU‐4‐Type Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Bunzen Hana , Sertcan Gökmen Beliz , Kalytta‐Mewes Andreas , Grzywa Maciej , Wojciechowski Jakub , Hutter Jürg , Hehn Anna‐Sophia , Volkmer Dirk
Published: November 2024

Isostructural metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely MFU‐4 and MFU‐4‐Br, in which the pore apertures are defined by anionic side ligands (Cl− and Br−, respectively), were synthesized and loaded with noble gases. By selecting the type of side ligand, one can fine‐tune the pore aperture size, allowing for precise regulation of the entry and release of gas guests. In this study, we conducted experiments to examine gas loading and release using krypton and xenon as model gases, and we complemented our findings with computational modeling. Remarkably, the loaded gas guests remained trapped inside the pores even after being exposed to air under ambient conditions for extended periods, in some cases for up to several weeks. Therefore, we focused on determining the energy barrier preventing gas release using both theoretical and experimental methods. The results were compared in relation to the types of hosts and guests, providing valuable insights into the gas trapping process in MOFs, as well as programmed gas release in air under ambient conditions. Furthermore, the crystal structure of MFU‐4‐Br was elucidated using the three‐dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) technique, and the bulk purity of the sample was subsequently verified through Rietveld refinement.
Regulating Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Organic Luminophores Through Stepwise Stabilization by Coordination and In‐Situ Precipitation Reaction
Authors: Ji Chenglong , Gao Yuncai , Wang Yulu , Li Ran , Shi Yu‐e , Wang Zhenguang , Zhai Yongqing
Published: November 2024

Developing efficiency and long‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials through straightforward methods is highly desired. In this work, a stepwise stabilization strategy was proposed by the coordination and in‐situ precipitation reactions among organic precursors, inorganic cation and anions, producing room‐temperature phosphorescence materials with high emission efficiency (phosphorescence quantum yield of 45 %). Structural and photophysical characterizations revealed the coordination reaction reduced the energy gaps between singlet and triplet states and stabilized the excited states of the guest molecules. The in‐situ precipitation reaction produced a solid matrix, which provided isolated environments for protecting the excitons from quenching. The applications of RTP materials in information encryption were demonstrated. The presented results provided a new clue for producing RTP materials, and extended their applications in wide fields.
On the derivation of the homogeneous kinetic wave equation
Authors: Collot Charles , Germain Pierre
Published: November 2024

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the weakly nonlinear regime with random Gaussian fields as initial data is considered. The problem is set on the torus in any dimension greater than two. A conjecture in statistical physics is that there exists a kinetic time scale depending on the frequency localization of the data and on the strength of the nonlinearity, on which the expectation of the squares of moduli of Fourier modes evolve according to an effective equation: the so‐called kinetic wave equation. When the kinetic time for our setup is 1, we prove this conjecture up to an arbitrarily small polynomial loss. When the kinetic time is larger than 1, we obtain its validity on a more restricted time scale. The key idea of the proof is the use of Feynman interaction diagrams both in the construction of an approximate solution and in the study of its nonlinear stability. We perform a truncated series expansion in the initial data, and obtain bounds in average in various function spaces for its elements. The linearized dynamics then involves a linear Schrödinger equation with a corresponding random potential whose operator norm in Bourgain spaces we are able to estimate on average. This gives a new approach for the analysis of nonlinear wave equations out of equilibrium, and gives hope that refinements of the method could help settle the conjecture.
What is the Exchange Repulsion Energy? Insight by Partitioning into Physically Meaningful Contributions
Authors: Henrichsmeyer Johannes , Thelen Michael , Fink Reinhold F.
Published: November 2024

It is shown that the exchange repulsion energy, Exr, can be rationalized by partitioning the respective energy expression for two systems with Hartree‐Fock orbitals into physically meaningful contributions. A division of Exr into a positive kinetic and a negative potential part is possible, but these contributions correlate only poorly with the actual exchange repulsion energy. A more meaningful partitioning is derived, where all kinetic energy contributions are collected in a term that vanishes for exact Hartree‐Fock orbitals due to their stationarity conditions. The remaining terms can be distinguished into an exchange integral contribution as well as contributions to the repulsion energy with two, three and four orbital indices. The forms, relationships and absolute sizes of these terms suggest an intuitive partitioning of the exchange repulsion energy into Molecular Orbital Pair Contributions to the Exchange repulsion energy (MOPCE). Insight into the analytic form and quantitative size of these contributions is provided by considering the
state of the H2 molecule, the water dimer, as well as an argon atom interacting with Cl2 and N2.
Unveiling Immunotherapy Evasion in Lung Cancer: The Role of Fanconi Anemia and Stemness Genes in Shaping an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Haixia , Yu Yilin , Huang Hailun , Lin Gen , Wang Wei , Huang Jianyuan , Yu Zhaojun , Ye Deju , Chi Wu , Lin Xing
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to investigate the fanconi anemia (FA)‐related and stemness‐related genes in lung cancer (LC) patients. Firstly, we identified stemness‐related genes through weighted gene co‐expression network analysis combined with TCGA database. Further combined stemness‐related genes with FA‐related genes to screen for prognostic‐related genes. Risk score was constructed from the screened genes and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were performed. Finally, single‐cell data and in vitro experiment were used to validate our results. We screened a total of eight genes to construct a risk score. The risk score was an independent prognostic factor for LC. The validation results of multiple GEO databases were consistent with our results. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis showed that risk score was associated with cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA damage repair, and immune‐related pathways. The results showed to be related to the stem cell self‐renewal and proliferation. Besides, we also found that patients with higher risk scores had lower immune activity and function, and the effectiveness of immunotherapy might be poorer, with a higher rate of immune escape. Finally, our results revealed that SLC2A1 had the highest correlation with B cells in single‐cell data analysis, and we validated its correlation with B cells and its expression with FA‐related genes, tumor invasiveness, stemness, and drug sensitivity. Our research constructed a risk score based on FA‐related and tumor stemness‐related specific genes. In addition to accurately predicting the prognosis of patients with LC, the risk score may also serve as an innovative and viable predictor of immunotherapy response.
Permutation Tests to Identify Significant Constraint or Promotion Within Biological Scatterplots
Authors: Mills Anthony J. , van Mazijk Ruan
Published: November 2024

Scatterplots of biological datasets often have no‐data zones, which suggest constraint or promotion of dependent variables. Although methods exist to estimate boundary lines—that is, to fit lines to the edges of scatters of data points—there are, to our knowledge, none available to assess the significance of the areal extents of no‐data zones. Accordingly, we propose a flexible boundary line definition paired with a permutation test of the magnitude of no‐data zones—rather than testing the shape or slope of the line as current methods do. Our proposed permutation test can be used with any method of defining a boundary line. We demonstrate our approach with empirical datasets, find no‐data zones that methods such as quantile regressions fail to detect, and discuss how our approach can quantify constraint and promotion relationships that are not always apparent with other statistics.
Functional R code is rare in species distribution and abundance papers
Authors: Kellner Kenneth F. , Doser Jeffrey W. , Belant Jerrold L.
Published: November 2024

Analytic reproducibility is important for scientific credibility in ecology, but the extent to which scientific literature meets this criterion is not well understood. We surveyed 497 papers published in 2018–2022 in 9 ecology‐related journals. We focused on papers that used hierarchical models to estimate species distribution and abundance. We determined if papers achieved two components of analytic reproducibility: (1) availability of data and code, and (2) code functionality. We found that 28% of papers made data and code available, and 7% of papers provided code that ran without errors. Our findings indicate that analytic reproducibility remains the exception rather than the rule in ecology literature. We recommend authors (1) test code in a separate clean environment; (2) simplify code structure; (3) minimize software packages used; and (4) minimize code run time. We suggest journals (1) validate authors' provided open data statements and URLs; (2) recommend that code and data be shared in a separate repository rather than as appendices; and (3) elevate the status of code and data during review. We suggest these guidelines can aid the ecology community by improving the scientific reproducibility and credibility of ecological research.
Co‐crystallization as a Strategy for Tuning Spin Crossover Properties of Mononuclear Mn(III) Schiff‐base Complexes
Authors: Chen Li‐Wen , Zhang Hao‐Zhe , Zhao Sheng‐Ze , Zhou Hua‐Wei , Li Yong‐Hua , Tang Chao , Wang Shi
Published: November 2024

We present co‐crystallization as an approach to tuning spin crossover (SCO) properties of mononuclear Mn(III) Schiff‐base complexes. Complexes [Mn(5‐F‐sal‐N‐1,5,8,12)]ClO4 ⋅ 0.5carbazole (cocrystal 1 a) and [Mn(5‐F‐sal‐N‐1,5,8,12)]PF6 ⋅ 0.5carbazole (cocrystal 2 b) are synthesized by the co‐crystallization of their parent complexes ( [Mn(5‐F‐sal‐N‐1,5,8,12)]Y, Y=ClO4− (1); Y=PF6− (2) ) with the carbazole and they both exhibit HS electronic configurations between 2 and 300 K. While, the parent complex 1 shows a nearly complete SCO with T1/2=100 K and complex 2 maintains a high‐spin (HS) state. The introduction of carbazole as the third component has a great influence on cation‐anion crystal packing and finally the cooperative effects of the SCO complexes.
Solid‐State Ion Exchange of Organic Ammonium Cations in Molecular Crystals
Authors: Ito Mizuki , Manabe Jun , Inoue Katsuya , Qian Yin , Ren Xiao‐Ming , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Nakamura Takayoshi , Nishihara Sadafumi
Published: November 2024

Artificial ion channels and transporters designed to recognise and transport specific ions and molecules have been extensively studied. These biomimetic single‐crystal materials have gained particular attention for their potential to reveal the complex mechanisms of biological functions and to provide functionalities based on molecular design. In the present study, we found that Li+ ions in the ion channels of Li2([18]crown‐6)3[Ni(dmit)2]2(H2O)4 (1) crystals exchange with R‐NH3+ (R=Me, Et, nPr) ions in aqueous solution. After ion exchange, the resultant (R‐NH3+)([18]crown‐6)[Ni(dmit)2]− (1‐R, R=Me, Et, nPr) crystals are missing one [18]crown‐6 molecule per two cations compared to 1. During ion exchange, some of the [18]crown‐6 molecules, which constitute the channels, are released into the aqueous solution along with Li+ ions. The ion exchange of 1 in mixed aqueous solutions of organic ammonium cations shows selectivity for MeNH3+, which is attributed to the stability of the 1‐Me. These results demonstrate the potential for transporting molecular cations in channel structures composed of crown ethers, which will facilitate the development of transporters for drugs and other substances essential for biological functions.
Facile N‐Modification of NH‐Tetrazoles via Rh(II)‐Catalyzed N−H Insertion Involving Structurally Diverse Diazo Reagents
Authors: Radiupov Valentin , Kantin Grigory , Dar'in Dmitry
Published: November 2024

A convenient method for the N‐modification of NH‐tetrazoles by the Rh(II)‐catalyzed insertion reaction of diazocarbonyl compounds into the N−H bond has been proposed. A wide range of structurally diverse diazo reagents (including heterocyclic ones) as well as tetrazoles with different substituents in the fifth position have been used to prepare 2,5‐disubstituted tetrazole derivatives in good and high yields and with high regioselectivity. It is shown that the regioselectivity of the reaction can decrease in the presence of electron withdrawing groups in the tetrazole, as well as in the presence of protic acids.
Secrecy Performance of Full‐Duplex Space‐Air‐Ground Integrated Networks in the Presence of Active/Passive Eavesdropper, and Friendly Jammer
Authors: Buyuksar Ayse Betul , Erdogan Eylem , Altunbas Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a full‐duplex (FD) space‐air ground integrated network (SAGIN) system with passive and active eavesdroppers (PE/AE) and a friendly jammer (FJ) is investigated. The shadowing side information (SSI)‐based unmanned aerial vehicle relay node (URN) selection strategy is considered to improve signal‐to‐interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) at the ground destination unit. To quantify the secrecy performance of the considered scenario, outage probability (OP), interception probability (IP), and transmission secrecy outage probability (TSOP) are investigated in the presence of FJ and PE/AE. The results have shown that aerial AE is an important threat since it can severely degrade the OP of the main transmission link. Furthermore, the FJ can decrease the IP of the eavesdropper by causing interference with the cost of power consumption of URNs. Simulations are performed to verify the theoretical findings.
Novel Finite‐Volume Complete Flux Approximation Schemes for the Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Pandey Chitranjan , ten Thije Boonkkamp J. H. M. , Rathish Kumar B. V.
Published: November 2024

We construct novel flux approximation schemes for the semidiscretized incompressible Navier–Stokes equations by finite‐volume method on a staggered mesh. The calculation of the cell‐face fluxes has been done by solving appropriate local non‐linear boundary value problems (BVP). Consequently, the cell‐face fluxes are represented as the sum of a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous flux; the homogeneous part represents the contribution of convection and viscous‐friction, while the inhomogeneous part represents the contribution of the source terms. We derive three flux approximation schemes to include the impact of the source terms on the numerical fluxes. The first one is based on a homogeneous 1‐D local BVP without source. The second scheme is based on an inhomogeneous 1‐D local BVP considering only the pressure gradient term in the source. Finally, a complete flux scheme is derived which is based on an inhomogeneous 2‐D local BVP. It takes into account both the gradient of the cross‐flux and the pressure gradient in the source term. The numerical validation of the schemes is done for the benchmark lid‐driven cavity flow for considerably high numbers along with a numerical convergence test for the exact solution of the Taylor–Green vortex problem.
Periostin Induces Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition via p38‐MAPK Pathway in Human Renal Tubular Cells by High Glucose
Authors: Xiong Xiaoling , Feng Xing , Ding Yuqing
Published: November 2024

Background

Periostin mediates inflammation and fibrosis by regulating extracellular matrix adhesion, migration, and differentiation in multiple organ diseases. Studies have shown periostin mainly located in the dilated mesangium, tubulointerstitial and fibrotic regions of the diabetic kidney disease, which was negatively correlated with renal function. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly explored.

Methods

The expression of periostin in HK‐2 cells was investigated under high glucose and high concentration of TGF‐β1. The signaling pathway of periostin involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transdifferentiation of HK‐2 cells was also validated. The expression of periostin were investigated by RT‐PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays with different concentrations of glucose and TGF‐β1. The expression of E‐Cad, α‐SMA and p38 proteins were also detected. The effects of periostin, E‐Cad, and α‐SMA in high glucose were investigated by p38 inhibitors. To demonstrate the interaction among periostin, p38 and EMT markers, periostin under high glucose and high TGF‐β1 was knocked down, resulting p38 and phosphorylated p38 was evaluated.

Results

The combined of high glucose (HG, 22 mmol/L) and high TGF‐β1 (10 ng/mL) upregulated the expression of periostin obviously, stimulating the expression of α‐SMA and p38 while inhibiting the expression of E‐Cad. p38 inhibitors reduced the expression of periostin and α‐SMA while promoted E‐Cad protein expression in HK‐2 cells under HG conditions. Additionally, p38‐MAPK signal pathway was involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of human renal tubules in high glucose environment. Significant, knockdown periostin expression effectively inhibited the expression of p38 and phosphorylated p38 under the combination of HG and high TGF‐β1, verifying the interaction of periostin with the p38‐MAPK signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Periostin, a downstream factor of TGF‐β1, is positively regulated by TGF‐β1 under HG condition, affecting the epithelial‐interstitial differentiation of HK‐2 cells via p38‐MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, periostin may serve as a biomarker of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease.
Prognostic impact of PD‐L1 expression in surgically resected EGFR‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma: A real‐world database study in Japan (CReGYT‐01 EGFR study)
Authors: Nomura Kotaro , Takada Kazuki , Kinoshita Fumihiko , Muto Satoshi , Matsubara Taichi , Kouki Yasunobu , Katsumata Shinya , Hamada Akira , Haratake Naoki , Fujino Kosuke , Yoshikawa Mao , Suzawa Ken , Shien Kazuhiko , Suda Kenichi , Ohara Shuta , Fukuda Shota , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Okamoto Tatsuro , Hirai Fumihiko , Aokage Keiju , Shiono Satoshi , Soh Junichi , Tsuboi Masahiro , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Ohde Yasuhisa
Published: November 2024

The expression of programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are biomarkers used for perioperative treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. However, the clinical significance of PD‐L1 expression in surgically resected EGFR‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. We conducted a real‐world database of patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma from 2015 to 2018 was constructed across 21 centers in Japan. The association among PD‐L1 expression, EGFR mutations, and prognosis was evaluated. Among 847 patients, PD‐L1 expression was negative (tumor proportion score [TPS] < 1%) in 429 (51%), weakly positive (TPS = 1%–49%) in 275 (32%), and strongly positive (TPS ≥50%) in 143 (17%) patients. EGFR mutations were detected in 331 (39%) patients. PD‐L1 expression was associated with poor recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (p < .001) in both EGFR‐mutant and wild‐type patients. However, in EGFR‐mutant patients, PD‐L1 expression was not associated with overall survival (OS) (p = .506). Multivariable analysis confirmed an association between PD‐L1 expression and RFS but not OS. Furthermore, in EGFR‐mutant patients treated with EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) treatment post‐relapse, PD‐L1 expression was not associated with overall response rate (p = .714), disease control rate (p = .554), or progression‐free survival (p = .660). In conclusion, PD‐L1 expression predicted poor RFS‐independent EGFR status but did not show any association with OS in EGFR‐mutant patients. The efficacy of post‐relapse EGFR‐TKI treatment was independent of PD‐L1 expression. The significance of PD‐L1 expression in perioperative EGFR‐TKI therapy should be evaluated.
Unveiling microbial communities with EasyAmplicon: A user‐centric guide to perform amplicon sequencing data analysis
Authors: Yousuf Salsabeel , Luo Hao , Zeng Meiyin , Chen Lei , Ma Tengfei , Li Xiaofang , Zheng Maosheng , Zhou Xin , Chen Liang , Xi Jiao , Lu Hongye , Cao Huiluo , Ma Xiaoya , Bian Bian , Zhang Pengfan , Wu Jiqiu , Gan Renyou , Jia Baolei , Sun Linyang , Ju Zhicheng , Gao Yunyun , Malik Waqar Afzal , Ma Chuang , Lyu Hujie , Li Yahui , Hou Huiyu , Zhou Yuanping , Bai Defeng , Wang Yao , Yang Haifei , Xun Jiani , Du Shengda , Zhang Tianyuan , Wan Xiulin , Peng Kai , Xu Shanshan , Wen Tao , Chen Tong , Liu Yong‐Xin
Published: November 2024

The advent of next‐generation sequencing has revolutionized microbiome research, enabling in‐depth exploration of microbial communities through amplicon sequencing. The widespread adoption of sequencing across diverse fields, coupled with decreasing costs, underscores the critical need for validated, fully automated, reproducible, and adaptable analysis pipelines. However, analyzing these high‐throughput datasets often necessitates extensive bioinformatics expertize, hindering accessibility for many researchers. To address this challenge, in 2023 we developed EasyAmplicon, a comprehensive, user‐friendly pipeline that integrates popular tools such as USEARCH and VSEARCH, offering a streamlined workflow from raw data to results. Remarkably, EasyAmplicon has garnered significant recognition within a year, as evidenced by 127 citations to date. To further facilitate the researchers and enhance usability, we present a detailed protocol with a video recording that guides users through each step of the pipeline, including data preprocessing (quality filtering, chimera removal), amplicon sequence variant analysis, diversity analysis, and data visualization. The protocol is designed for ease of use, with each step documented, allowing researchers to execute the workflow without requiring complex scripting skills. The EasyAmplicon pipeline is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/YongxinLiu/EasyAmplicon).
KRT80 in hepatocellular carcinoma plays oncogenic role via epithelial–mesenchymal transition and PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Hua Ruheng , Yan Xiyue , He Jun , Wu Nuwa , Yu Wangjianfei , Yu Pengfei , Qin Lei
Published: November 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a globally prevalent form of cancer, is featured by aggressive growth and early metastasis. Elucidating the underlying mechanism and identifying the effective therapy are critical for advanced HCC patients. In the study, we detect that KRT80 was upregulated in HCC samples. HCC patients with higher KRT80 are associated with worse overall survival after surgery. Gain‐of and loss‐of function studies show that KRT80 enhanced HCC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, whereas its silencing abolishes the effects in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic investigation shows that KRT80 may function as an independent prognostic risk factor and act as an oncogene by influencing EMT and modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Together, these findings suggest that KRT80 may be a potential oncogene and a good indicator in predicting prognosis. Targeting KRT80 can offer new insights into the prevention and treatment of HCC.
Behavioral correlates of U.S. retail protein demand: The case of exercise‐driven protein consumption
Authors: Bina Justin D. , Tonsor Glynn T.
Published: November 2024

The economic implications of the relationship between physical exercise and protein consumption are not well understood. Using consumer‐level expenditure data obtained from an open‐ended choice experiment and an Almost Ideal Demand System specification, demand for various retail protein goods is estimated separately for exercise‐focused individuals and all other individuals. Exercise‐focused individuals exhibit lower own‐price sensitivity for all goods (0.28–0.83 lower in magnitude) and lower expenditure elasticities for most goods (0.03–0.19 lower). Substitution patterns are similar between the behavioral groups. These results indicate substantially different demand schedules for those who exercise and a need for future studies to consider behavioral determinants of food demand.
Interpretable Machine Learning Algorithms Identify Inetetamab‐Mediated Metabolic Signatures and Biomarkers in Treating Breast Cancer
Authors: Xie Ning , Liao Dehua , Liu Binliang , Zhang Jiwen , Liu Liping , Huang Gang , Ouyang Quchang
Published: November 2024

Background

HER2‐positive breast cancer (BC), a highly aggressive malignancy, has been treated with the targeted therapy inetetamab for metastatic cases. Inetetamab (Cipterbin) is a recently approved targeted therapy for HER2‐positive metastatic BC, significantly prolonging patients' survival. Currently, there is no established biomarker to reliably predict or assess the therapeutic efficacy of inetetamab in BC patients.

Methods

This study harnesses the power of metabolomics and machine learning to uncover biomarkers for inetetamab in BC therapy. A total of 23 plasma samples from inetetamab‐treated BC patients were collected and stratified into responders and nonresponders. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was utilized to analyze the metabolites in blood samples. A combination of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses was employed to identify these metabolites, and their biological functions were then ascertained by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Finally, machine learning algorithms were employed to screen responsive biomarkers from all differentially expressed metabolites.

Results

Our finding revealed 6889 unique metabolites that were detected. Pathways like retinol metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and steroid hormone biosynthesis were enriched for differentially expressed metabolites. Notably, two key metabolites associated with inetetamab response in BC were identified: FAPy‐adenine and 2‐Pyrocatechuic acid. There was some negative correlation between progress‐free survival (PFS) and their kurtosis content.

Conclusions

In summary, the identification of these two significant differential metabolites holds promise as potential biomarkers for evaluating and predicting inetetamab treatment outcomes in BC, ultimately contributing to the diagnosis of the disease and the discovery of prognostic markers.