bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optoelectrochemical Study of Indole‐Quinoxaline‐Based π‐Extended Donor‐Acceptor Framework: Dual Blue and Red Fluorescent, n‐Type Material
Authors: Singh Pooja S. , Jadhav Sandeep E. , Madje Balaji R. , Chacko Sajeev , Kamble Rajesh M.
Published: February 2025

Herein, the synthesis of π‐extended Donor‐Acceptor (D–A) framework 6H‐indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline dyes is done using a multistep synthetic approach. Dyes are characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The impact of modifications in the molecular structure of dyes onto their optoelectrochemical including aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) phenomenon are investigated. Absorption spectra demonstrate intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) maxima at 397–409 nm, reflecting weak D–A features in dyes. A wide range of emissions spanning from blue and red exhibited by dyes, originates from various energy states such as locally excited (LE) states, twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) states, and excimer emissions. In the polar media, TICT stabilization causes a change in the excimer state of emission to TICT emission. Dyes confer their suitability for numerous optoelectronic applications due to the existence of AIE activity, positive solvatochromism, good Stokes shift, thermal stability, and comparable LUMO (−3.22 to −3.30 eV) energies with commonly used n‐type materials. Nanoaggregate formation in aqueous mixture of dye 1 validated by DLS studies. A theoretical study via the Gaussian 03 program is used to rationalize experimental photophysical and electrochemical data and show nearly comparable results.
Fe2+–Persulfate–Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Coupled System for the Removal of Crystal Violet in Environmental Samples
Authors: Zaheer Zoya , Bawazir Wafa A. , Gari Yara Mamdooh , Al‐Zahrani Ghada Ahmed Attia
Published: February 2025

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and persulfate (S2O82−) coupled systems are used for the generation of SO4−• radicals. CTAB solubilized the S2O82− and reduced the decomposition rate of crystal violet (CV). S2O82− was not decomposed into reactive radical species by heat in the presence of CV at 40 °C. The ferrous ion (Fe2+) activates the S2O82−, which produces reactive radical species due to the cleavage of the peroxide linkage of S2O82−. The degradation efficiency increased from 11.5% to 53.8% with Fe2+ concentration increasing from 0.2 to 1.0 mM at fixed CV and S2O82−. The kobs values decreased from 2.1 × 10−3 to 0.9 × 10−3 and 0.7 × 10−3 min−1 for ethanol and tertiary butanol (TBA), respectively, in the S2O82−–Fe2+–CTAB–CV system. The higher quench effect of ethanol than that of TBA might be due to the presence of α‐H, and SO4−• was the predominant radical species in activated S2O82− at pH 6.5. The Fe2+ ions activate the S2O82− to produce SO4−•, which might provide a potentially useful technique for the degradation of toxic water contaminants. The presence of suitable surfactant is essential for the solubilization of aromatic hydrocarbons and their destruction with SO4−• radical‐based technologies.
Efficient and Rapid Solvent‐Free Catalysis of the Biginelli Reaction by Praseodymium (III) Nitrate
Authors: Stiti Mohamed Zakaria , Habila Tahir , Khaled Ammar , Saidi Katia Mohand , Mouada Hanane , Bouhedja Mourad , Khelili Smail
Published: February 2025

The highly effective catalysis of the Biginelli reaction has been demonstrated under solvent‐free conditions, using praseodymium (III) nitrate (Pr(NO3)3·6H2O) as a novel catalyst. Notably, this is the first instance of Pr(NO3)3·6H2O being used as a catalyst in an organic reaction. This method offers several advantages, including high yields (85%–98%), easy product isolation, shorter reaction time (ranging from 8 to 25 min), and high turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 73.5. The solvent‐free nature of the reaction aligns with green chemistry principles by minimizing environmental impact. Additionally, the absence of by‐products ensures a clean and efficient process. Owing to its simplicity and effectiveness, this approach facilitates the synthesis of substituted 3,4‐dihydropyridine‐2 (1H)‐ones/thiones which have potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Amorphous ZnO‐Fe2O3‐P2O5 Cathode Material for Zinc‐Ion Batteries and its Modification with Carbon Dots
Authors: Zhang Hanyang , Liu Feilong , Li Jianwei , Zheng Tao , Lv Jingwen , Jiang Yushuo , Guo Yanyan
Published: February 2025

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered extensive attention due to their high safety and low‐cost nature. However, the advancement of AZIBs is hindered by the low capacity and high cost of cathode materials. Amorphous materials, with their compositional and structural versatility, enable the optimization of their properties to meet specific requirements. In this work, amorphous xZnO‐(50‐x)Fe2O3‐ 50P2O5 (x = 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, mol%) cathode materials were employed in AZIBs to investigated the changes in the internal structure of the glass during Zn substitution for Fe and their impact on electrochemical performance. The materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS. Acid‐resistance and density tests were carried out to analyze the compactness of the materials. Moreover, bulk resistivity tests were used to explore the impact of variations in composition on conductivity. Electrochemical performance was evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge‐discharge tests. Additionally, graphene composite technology was employed to enhance electrical performance. When the graphene content ratio reached 2, the electrochemical performance was optimized, exhibiting high cycle stability (capacity stabilized at 32.83 mAh/g after 400 cycles at 50 mA/g with Coulombic efficiency approaching 100%). This indicates a promising new glass cathode for future AZIBs.
Microwave Synthesis of SnO2 Nanospheres Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste for the CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to Formate
Authors: Shukla Shweta , Sahu Jyoti , Karvembu Ramasamy
Published: February 2025

Terephthalic acid (TPA) has been extracted from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, which has been used to prepare the Sn‐based catalyst precursors. The precursors were calcined to obtain SnO2 catalysts. SnO2 catalysts have been synthesized using microwave synthesizer [SnO2 (M)] and oil bath reflux setup [SnO2 (O)]. For comparison, a catalyst has been prepared without using TPA extracted from PET waste, [SnO2 (C)]. The catalysts were characterized by various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and CO2‐temperature programmed desorption (CO2 TPD) analysis. The catalysts were found to be crystalline in nature and in tetragonal rutile phase. SnO2 (M) was found to have the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 179.05 m2/g. Further, SnO2 (M) displayed stronger adsorption property towards CO2. Electrochemical characterization of the catalysts was done using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry techniques. The synthesized catalysts were explored for their performance towards CO2 electrochemical reduction to formate using a H‐shaped electrochemical cell. Among the catalysts, SnO2 (M) showed the lowest onset potential −1.41 V (versus Ag/AgCl) and highest double layer capacitance (0.0076 mF/cm2). SnO2 (M) also exhibited the highest Faradaic efficiency (FEFormate) of 78.2% in 1 h at −1.7 V (versus Ag/AgCl) with the current density of 15 mA/cm2. The catalysts were found to be electrochemically stable for 1 h.
Green‐Telescoped Synthesis of Styryl‐Substituted Pyrroloquinolines via DES Catalysis: Structural Characterization, AIE, Acidochromism, and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Mohamed Haneef Mohamed Mohideen , Nawaz Khan Fazlurrahman
Published: February 2025

A green protocol for the telescoped synthesis of (E)‐2‐Aryl‐4‐styryl‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline‐1,3(2H)‐diones were developed, employing a well‐characterized deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a catalyst for a transition metal‐free cascade dehydrogenation and sp3 C─H functionalization to yield styryl‐heterocycles (6a–q). The structures of 6c, 6i, and 6ia were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and all products were analyzed by NMR, IR, and HR‐MS/GC‐MS. Photophysical properties were examined, with compound 6o showing high sensitivity for dual‐state TFA detection. Density functional theory (DFT) studies further supported experimental findings.
Simple Synergic Colloidal Graphite and MXene Electrode Modification for Sensitive and Cost‐Effective Voltammetric Determination of Rutin
Authors: Stoytcheva Margarita , Velkova Zdravka , Gochev Velizar , Valdez Benjamin , Curiel Mario
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a novel synergistic approach to electrode modification that combines colloidal graphite (CG) and MXenes, presenting a promising material for enhancing voltammetric detection of rutin. This innovative strategy improves electrode performance by providing high conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and ease of fabrication, while remaining cost‐effective. The CG–MXene‐modified electrode exhibited significant enhancements in charge transfer rates and electroactive surface area, facilitating efficient interaction with rutin. Its oxidation at the modified electrode was identified as a quasi‐reversible process controlled by diffusion. Under optimized conditions—specifically, a pH of 3.5 and a 5‐minute preconcentration time—rutin determination was achieved across a broad linear concentration range of 1–125 µmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 0.2 µmol L−1. The electrode demonstrated high reproducibility and selectivity in the presence of common excipients and vitamins. Recovery studies further validated the accuracy of the method, confirming its suitability for determining rutin in pharmaceutical products and food supplements.
Longitudinal Effect of Depression on Generalised Pathological Internet Use and the Mechanisms of This Effect: A Four‐Wave Follow‐Up of Chinese University Students
Authors: Tian Yu , Ding Hongjun , Cao Shizheng , Li Yanfang
Published: February 2025

By employing the cognitive‐behavioural model and self‐control theory, the present study investigated the longitudinal effects of depression on GPIU. Although numerous cross‐sectional studies have investigated the association between depression and generalised pathological Internet use (GPIU), debates persist regarding the longitudinal effects of depression on GPIU. Moreover, little is known regarding the longitudinal mechanisms underlying this association. A total of 912 university students with an average age of 18.36 years (standard deviation = 0.82 years) at the time of the first survey participated in the study. They completed four assessments spaced 6 months apart over a 2‐year period. The results indicate that (i) depression can predict GPIU over time; (ii) depression can predict GPIU through the mediating effects of perceived social support, maladaptive cognitions, and self‐control over time respectively; and (iii) depression can predict GPIU through sequential mediating effects of perceived social support to self‐control over time. Additionally, the associations among studied variables were more suitable for male, urban registered residence, and low family income students. These results have implications for interventions targeting GPIU.
Enhanced CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol Using out‐of‐Plane Grown MoS2 Flakes on Amorphous Carbon Scaffold
Authors: Lin Mo , Trubyanov Maxim , Lee Han Wei , Ivanov Artemii S. , Zhou Xin , Zhang Pengxiang , Zhang Yixin , Wang Qian , Tan Gladys Shi Xuan , Novoselov Kostya S. , Andreeva Daria V.
Published: February 2025

The conversion of excess carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals is critical for achieving a sustainable society. Among various catalysts, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has demonstrated potential for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. However, its catalytic activity has yet to be fully optimized, and scalable, industrially viable production methods remain underdeveloped. In this work, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach is introduced to grow vertically oriented MoS2 crystals on an amorphous carbon template. This method enhances the exposure of vacancy‐rich basal planes, which are crucial for stable catalytic performance. The 2H‐MoS2 flakes, supported on a conductive carbon scaffold, exhibit catalytic activity, achieving a net space‐time yield of 2.68 gMeOH gcat⁻¹ h⁻¹ with a selectivity of 82.5% under mild conditions (264 °C, 10 bar). This work highlights a significant step toward the industrial application of MoS2‐based catalysts for CO2 conversion, bridging the gap between fundamental research and scalable implementation.
Coupling Built‐in Electric Field and Lewis Acid Triggers the Lattice Oxygen‐Mediated Mechanism for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Kun , Xu Hui , Huang Bingji , Xing Haoran , Jin Lei , Qian Xingyue , Chen Haiqun , He Guangyu
Published: February 2025

The oxygen evolution reaction catalyst triggering lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM) can break the activity limitation imposed by the adsorbate evolution mechanism scaling relationship. However, triggering LOM is challenging due to the thermodynamic disadvantages associated with lattice oxygen redox reactions. Here, a Lewis acid‐modified layered double hydroxides (LDH) heterojunction catalyst (LDH/Cr2O3) is designed. The asymmetric charge distribution at the heterojunction interface, induced by the built‐in electric field, shifts the electron transfer center from the lower Hubbard band to non‐bonding oxygen, thereby activating LOM. The enrichment of OH− and the enhanced covalency of the metal‐oxygen bond by Lewis acid optimize the pH‐dependent and high‐energy consumption during the hydroxyl (OH*) deprotonation process of LOM. Furthermore, the activation of lattice oxygen and accelerated OH* deprotonation facilitate the surface reconstruction of LDH. Consequently, the LDH/Cr2O3 exhibits excellent catalytic activity, with an overpotential of only 237 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte. The catalyst maintains excellent activity in simulated seawater and 0.1 m KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, it demonstrates outstanding practical functionality, as the assembled commercial‐scale alkaline electrolyzer operates stably for 50 h. This work may provide new approaches and theoretical insights for triggering and optimizing LOM.
Construction of Computer Network Security Monitoring Platform Based on Intelligent Sensor Technology
Authors: He Guoliang
Published: February 2025

As computer networks become ubiquitous, ensuring their security has become a critical concern. Existing network security monitoring systems still face challenges, including network intrusions and data loss. Therefore, the security of some confidential information and files has decreased and a new type of computer network security monitoring platform inevitably emerges. This paper constructs the computer network security monitoring platform from the aspects of network architecture design, intelligent sensor selection and deployment, monitoring server establishment, and system monitoring maintenance, analyzes the fitness function of the computer network security monitoring platform combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm, and evaluates the resource utilization, data storage capacity, and other performance of the platform in the experiment. In the experiment, it was found that the resource utilization and data storage capacity of the computer network security monitoring platform under intelligent sensors have significantly improved. Results demonstrate significant improvements with the introduction of intelligent sensors. Specifically, resource utilization increased by 12% and data storage capacity improved by 11%, highlighting the effectiveness of intelligent sensors in enhancing platform performance. Additionally, tests on the platform's processing capabilities revealed a 62% reduction in response time compared to traditional systems, with response times ranging from 0.23 to 0.50 s. Intelligent sensor technology is of great significance in improving the reliability and fault tolerance of computer network security monitoring platforms.
Transformative Services and Systemic Well‐Being—Towards a Better Understanding of Distinction in Service Design
Authors: Bakrim Asma , Fritzsche Albrecht
Published: February 2025

Transformative service research studies the relationship between service provision and well‐being. So far, the notion of well‐being applied in this context is mainly directed at specific interventions to improve the customer's situation. We propose that well‐being should rather be conceptualized from a systemic point of view, referring to the ability of a system to sustain a floating equilibrium over time. Social systems theory posits that floating equilibria rely on distinction as a basic social operation to adapt boundaries and revise interactions as systems evolve. Based on this thought, we study the treatment of distinction in transformative services. We identify five different forms of distinction that need close attention in the practice of service design, its external assessment and regulation, and storytelling about services. We illustrate problems of well‐being resulting from distinction with examples from different application contexts in which service interventions are critically discussed. Furthermore, we raise a variety of questions that can help gaining a better understanding of service design for customer well‐being from a systemic perspective in theory and practice.
Study on the Microstructure, Properties, and Strengthening Mechanisms of Hot‐Stamped Steel Produced by Multi‐Mode Continuous Casting and Rolling Production
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Lu Hongzhou , Liang Jiangtao , Wang Wenjun , Xiao Baoliang , Zhao Zhengzhi
Published: February 2025

In response to the growing demand for high‐performance automotive materials, the multi‐mode continuous casting and rolling (MCCR) process presents a promising solution to enhance production efficiency while reducing environmental impact. This study investigates the effects of three cooling methods—water quenching (WQ), gas quenching, and oil quenching—on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and strengthening mechanisms of hot‐stamped MCCR steel by scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The findings indicate that higher cooling rates significantly increase both yield and tensile strengths while preserving elongation, with WQ conditions yielding optimal mechanical properties, achieving a yield strength of 1207 MPa and tensile strength of 1902 MPa. Additionally, higher cooling rates suppress auto‐tempering, leading to greater dislocation density, intensified lattice distortion, and enhanced residual stress. These structural transformations are critical in determining grain boundary characteristics; higher cooling rates increase martensitic variant selection, reduce the proportion of high‐angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), yet maintain the highest HAGB density in WQ conditions due to the refinement of packets and blocks. Quantitative assessments reveal that dislocation strengthening primarily contributes to yield strength variations at lower cooling rates, while dislocation and grain refinement strengthening mechanisms jointly govern yield strength at higher cooling rates.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanoparticles From Lotus Root Starches by Ultrasonic‐Assisted Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Hongjuan , Mao Yupeng , Song Jiangfeng , Wu Caie , Yang Runqiang
Published: February 2025

Lotus root starch nanoparticles (LRSNPs) were prepared by an ultrasonic‐assisted nanoprecipitation method, and their structure and physicochemical properties were characterized. The optimal preparation process for LRSNPs was predicted through single‐factor experiments and response surface methodology as follows: an ultrasonic power of 500 W, an ethanol/starch solution volume ratio of 10:1, and a starch solution concentration of 3%. The particle size of LRSNPs prepared under these conditions was 215.92 nm, which was smaller than that obtained by both nanoprecipitation and enzymatic hydrolysis regeneration methods. After ultrasonic nanomaterialization, the structure of lotus root starch (LRS) was disrupted, the short‐range ordering was reduced, and the crystal structure changed from B‐type to V‐type. Compared with corn starch nanoparticles (CSNPs) and potato starch nanoparticles (PSNPs), LRSNPs exhibited higher solubility and swelling capacity at 50–60°C, and its transparency was significantly enhanced. Moreover, LRSNPs had a faster digestion rate in a simulated intestinal environment, and their rapidly digestible starch content was significantly higher than that of CSNPs and PSNPs. This study provided a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of LRS.
The Effect of Collagen–Propolis–Eucalyptus Hydrogel in Wound Healing: An In Vivo Study (Rat Model)
Authors: Tahmasebi Elahe , Yazdanian Alireza
Published: February 2025

Background

A skin injury could cause serious damage, as it is the outermost layer. Treatment can heal superficial injuries perfectly, but deep wounds can barely heal it. A wound not treated correctly can lead to severe health problems and even death.

Aim

This study aims to investigate the role of collagen–propolis–eucalyptus hydrogel in wound healing in rats.

Methods and Materials

Collagen solution was prepared, and then the extract of propolis and eucalyptus was prepared. Four groups (collagen–propolis–eucalyptus, collagen–eucalyptus, collagen–propolis hydrogels and control groups) were prepared, and their biocompatibility was evaluated by the MTT test assay; Then the anti‐bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated. The animal test was investigated during 7, 14 and 21 days by histopathology.

Results

The MTT test did not show significant cell cytotoxicity, and the percentage of cell survival was more than 90% for 24, 48 and 72 h. The effect of the anti‐bacterial hydrogel collagen–propolis–eucalyptus group compared to the collagen–eucalyptus and collagen–propolis groups was much higher. The percentage of wound contraction was recorded in the collagen–propolis–eucalyptus group and it increased in all the groups over time. The results showed that the percentage of wound contraction and repair was significant in the macroscopic and microscopic evaluations.

Conclusion

The results showed the effectiveness of natural hydrogel in increasing the healing process of the wound, and it is possible to use this hydrogel natural collagen–eucalyptus–propolis as a suitable option because of its accessibility and low cost.
The Effect of Florfenicol Given by Nebulization in the Treatment of Naturally Infected Calves With Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex: Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Ozcan Umit , Tutuncu Mehmet
Published: February 2025

Background

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is still one of the major problems for herd management due to the negative effects on herd health, costs due to treatment, reduced weight gain and calf loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of aerosolized florfenicol in calves with naturally infected BRD.

Methods

Forty‐five calves were included in the study and divided into three groups. Group 1 received florfenicol subcutaneous route. While Group 2 received florfenicol administered solely through nebulization, Group 3 received florfenicol via nebulization in addition to flunixin meglumine administered intramuscularly (IM). BRD pathogens were determined from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. The treatment period was monitored with a clinical respiratory score, haematology, thorax ultrasonography and serum haptoglobin levels.

Results

Mycoplasma bovis was the main primary bacterial pathogen isolated from BAL fluid, Escherichia coli was the main secondary bacterial pathogen and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was found to be the primary viral BRD pathogen. The treatment period was shortened to the 2nd day in the groups with nebulization. Calves with clinical respiratory scores of 12 and above died in all groups. There was no significant difference in lung ultrasonographic scoring and haematology results before and after treatment within the groups. There was a significant decrease in the high haptoglobin values before and after the 3rd day of treatment. The study's main limitation was that there was no negative control group in this study due to ethical reasons.

Conclusion

It was concluded that florfenicol administered by inhalation in BRD patients is more effective, reduces the recovery time and will be a promising treatment strategy.
Use of omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation for treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias in two dogs
Authors: Saunders Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Two dogs were referred to the same institution 4 months apart for cardiac evaluation due to respiratory symptoms and both were diagnosed with ventricular arrhythmias at the time of presentation. Case 1, an 11‐year‐old, male, neutered labrador retriever was diagnosed with degenerative valve disease, resulting in left‐sided congestive heart failure in addition to moderate severity ventricular arrhythmias. Case 2, an 8‐year‐old, female, spayed English bulldog was diagnosed with mild degenerative valve disease and moderate ventricular arrhythmias while receiving subtherapeutic sotalol that was initiated by another veterinarian before presentation. For both cases, antiarrhythmic therapy was adjusted several times over the course of several months based on Holter monitor results indicating inadequate arrhythmia control. Treatment included sotalol, mexiletine, amiodarone or a combination of these. The addition of omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation in both cases finally resulted in adequate arrhythmia control when previous antiarrhythmic medication adjustments had not.
Improving Patient Safety Culture in Conflict‐Affected Zones: A Cross‐Sectional Survey of North Kivu Surgical Personnel in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Bake Jacques Fadhili , Masumbuko Claude Kasereka , Kibendelwa Zacharie Tsongo , Lubuto Georges Bushu , Kyembwa Jean‐Claude Mafuta , Nzala Esaie Kasereka , Kakule Papy Waleyirwe , Akumbi Clovis Bwami , Kitutu Jean Zanga , Wakilongo Tresor Basubi , Hangi Theophile Kubuya , Kwiraviwe Wilson Katembo , Musemakweli Benjamin , Bahati Beate Tshikudju , Bakabona Steve Kisembo , Poenaru Dan
Published: February 2025

Background

Patient safety culture significantly impacts outcomes in surgery, where preventable errors can occur. This study assessed patient safety culture and its determinants in operating rooms across North Kivu, a conflict‐affected province in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Methods

A descriptive multicenter cross‐sectional study was conducted from July to September 2024 in five urban and six rural hospitals. The French version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire was administered to 328 operating room healthcare professionals.

Results

The response rate was 78% (256 completed surveys). Urban hospitals accounted for 55.5% of respondents, who were 73.4% male and 62.5% under the age of 40. The overall composite score for patient safety culture was 63.2%. Teamwork (81.1%) and management support for patient safety (77.7%) received the highest positive responses, whereas error reporting (39.9%) and patient safety event reporting (50%) scored lower. Half (49.6%) of the respondents rated patient safety as excellent or very good. There were no significant differences in overall mean composite scores between urban and rural hospitals (p = 0.677) and between medical and paramedical staff (p = 0.694).

Conclusions

The patient safety culture rating in North Kivu falls below international standards, highlighting an urgent need for improvement, particularly in error response and event reporting. Developing a tailored patient safety bundle for the region is essential to enhance overall health outcomes.
Heat transfer analysis in the engine‐based oil‐based hybrid nanofluid flow between two spinning disks: Probed by artificial neural network
Authors: Khattak Shahzad , Waseem  , Ullah Asad , Ikramullah  , Althobaiti Ali , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El‐Wahed , Al‐Rajeh Moodi Abdulrahman Abdullah
Published: February 2025

A time‐dependent mixed convective hybrid nanofluid (HNF) ( /Engine oil) flow between two spinning disks is considered. The physical problem is modeled and transformed into a non‐dimensional ordianary differential equation system to reduce the complexity. A modified Devi and Devi's model is utilized for the nanofluid properties. The cylindrical shape nanoparticles are considered for the analysis of the various pertinent parameters. The base fluid is considered as the engine oil to briefly explain its thermal behavior. One of the famous optimization algorithms Levenberg–Marquardt is used to train the artificial neural network with the data achieved from the numerical results to analyze the various states of the HNF. The results for the state variables as well as nanoparticle shapes are displayed through graphs and tables. The enhancement of the expansion parameter () causes to augment, then drop and augment again the velocity gradient with the increasing distance between the disks. The temperature of the fluid initially drop and then enhances with the rising strength of (). The rising concentration of the nanomaterial associated with the higher values of volume fraction parameter () enhances the temperature distribution of the HNF. The results obtained show that the smaller nanoparticles concentration will keep the engine at a lower state of temperature. The results are validated through graphs in each case by providing the validation and absolute error graphs.
Size‐dependent vibration analysis of a FG viscoelastic nanotube attached with the time‐dependent boundary conditions using NLSGT
Authors: Kadioglu Hayrullah Gun , Uzun Büşra , Yayli Mustafa Ozgur
Published: February 2025

In this study, the torsional vibration of a functionally graded viscoelastic nanotube has been carried out under viscoelastic boundary conditions employing nonlocal strain gradient theory. First, the equation of motion of the problem has been established using Hamiltonian principles and the Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model. For the solution of the problem, the derivatives of the higher‐order Fourier series obtained with the help of Stokes' transforms have been utilized. Thus, an eigenvalue problem has been constructed from which the fundamental frequencies can be calculated. The results have been presented in tables and graphs, and it is observed that damping has a very important effect on torsional vibration. It has been also revealed that as the nonlocal length scale parameters and k (power‐law exponent) increase, the effect of damping decreases and as the strain gradient length scale parameter grows, the effect of damping rises.
SU(2) × SU(2) dilaton Weyl multiplets for maximal conformal supergravity in four, five, and six dimensions
Authors: Adhikari Soumya , Sahoo Bindusar
Published: February 2025

Abstract

New dilaton Weyl multiplets are constructed in four and five space-time dimensions for N = 4 and N = 2 conformal supergravity respectively. They are constructed from a mixture of the old dilaton weyl multiplets with an on-shell vector multiplet. The old dilaton Weyl multiplets have a USp(4) R-symmetry group whereas the new multiplets have SU(2) × SU(2) R-symmetry, which is a subgroup of USp(4). In six dimensions, for the first time, we construct a dilaton Weyl multiplet for (2, 0) conformal supergravity from a mixture of the standard Weyl multiplet and a tensor multiplet. The R-symmetry group for the dilaton Weyl multiplet in six dimensions is also SU(2) × SU(2).
Patients’ Perceptions of Stress Urinary Incontinence Treatment: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Osse Nienke J. E. , Engberts Marian K. , van Eijndhoven Hugo W. F. , Brand Paul L. P. , Blanker Marco H.
Published: February 2025

Introduction and Hypothesis

Treatment options for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) are often offered in a stepped-care approach. However, the shift towards patient-centred care and shared decision making (SDM) has prompted an increased interest in patients’ perceptions of treatment decision making. This scoping review maps the available qualitative research on women’s perceptions of the treatment decision-making process for SUI and identifies knowledge gaps.

Methods

This scoping review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Three databases were searched using a systematic search strategy, without restriction in publication date or language. After thorough screening, 19 of the initial 3,473 publications were included.

Results

Four themes were identified; pre-existing experiences and notions that women bring to the consultations (things women consider before their consultation); treatment and patient characteristics (treatment aspects and personal values patients deem important); aspects of the consulting health care professional and facilities (availability of treatment options and counselling styles of physicians); ways of reaching a decision (three different ways that women used to make their decision. There were gaps in the literature on aspects affecting women’s treatment preferences, their preferred decision-making style and how they want to be involved in this decision-making process.

Conclusions

This scoping review provides a global overview of women’s perceptions on and preferences for treatment for SUI, and highlights a lack of knowledge on women’s ideas of the treatment decision process. To provide clinicians with better guidance for their counselling and decision-making approaches, studies on women’s perceptions of the decision-making process and the different decision-making styles are needed.
Augmented intelligence framework for real-time ground assessment under significant uncertainty
Authors: Ghorbani Javad , Aghdasi Sougol , Nazem Majidreza , McCartney John S. , Kodikara Jayantha
Published: February 2025

Real-time assessment of unsaturated soils through deflection tests is challenging due to the complex effects of water and air in soil pores, which significantly impact test outcomes but are difficult to quantify, especially when key data like gravimetric water content and suction are incomplete or missing. While human expertise and intuition are valuable in high-pressure scenarios like ground assessment during soil compaction, they are prone to biases. AI-driven solutions excel at processing complex datasets but often require highly specialised inputs, which may not always be readily available. This paper aims to develop a robust and pragmatic approach to decision-support in ground assessment by combining human insight with AI’s computational power and principles from unsaturated soil mechanics. This paper outlines key limitations of current ground assessment practices and discusses the challenges of developing reliable intuition when using deflection tests on unsaturated soils. To address these challenges, an augmented intelligence framework is introduced that leverages fuzzy human inputs for missing gravimetric water content information and incorporates a sophisticated self-improving mechanism to estimate missing suction data, based on insights gained during calibration. This framework significantly enhances ground assessment practices after validation using recent field trial data, particularly in highly uncertain unsaturated subsurface conditions. The study also demonstrates the framework’s resilience in qualitative assessments, maintaining accuracy across a range of assumptions about missing gravimetric water content.
Exploring clinical trials awareness, information access and participation amongst Australians with ovarian cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: Williams Natalie , Russell Hayley , Bradhurst Bridget
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Ovarian cancer is associated with advanced stage diagnosis and poor survival rates. Clinical trials are critical for improving both clinical and quality of life outcomes. Challenges exist to clinical trials awareness, information access and participation, but perspectives of Australians with ovarian cancer have not been previously investigated. We aimed to explore clinical trials awareness, information access and participation amongst Australians with ovarian cancer.

Methods

Utilising an exploratory qualitative approach, women with ovarian cancer participated in online focus groups and interviews between December 2023 and February 2024. Transcripts underwent inductive content analysis.

Results

Five themes and five subthemes emerged. In theme 1, participants identified “Barriers exist that affect clinical trial awareness and participation” and were explored through their experience of ovarian cancer. In theme 2, participants shared that “Instigating the conversation and doing my own research” was necessary to access clinical trials. Theme 3 describes ideas on “Finding solutions to improve clinical trial awareness and information access” through subthemes: “we need a centralised, credible source”; “communicate clinical trials in various ways from trusted contacts”; and “I want tailored, relevant information”. Theme 4 explained that “Altruism is a motivator” in willingness to participate in trials. Finally, in theme 5, participants explained that “Emotions regarding clinical trials are varied” illustrated in subthemes: “feeling left behind” and “feeling fortunate”.

Conclusions

These qualitative insights will inform development of a cross-sectional survey for national distribution amongst Australians with ovarian cancer. Results will assist in developing solutions to improve clinical trials awareness and information access.
Psychological burden, quality of life, problems, and parental concerns of single mothers with cancer: a cross-sectional comparison
Authors: Holsteg Steffen , Klett Maike K. , Kisić Anna-Maria , Horbach-Bremen Rebecca , Brüne Manuela , Dohmen Marc , Drueke Barbara , Ernstmann Nicole , Geiser Franziska , Heier Lina , Heuser Christian , Icks Andrea , Panse Jens , Petermann-Meyer Andrea , Viehmann Anja , Karger André
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Single motherhood is associated with increased psychosocial risks, affecting both mothers and their minor children. However, little is known about the specific psychosocial impact of maternal cancer in single mothers (SMs). This study compared psychological burden, quality of life, specific problems, and parental concerns between SMs and partnered mothers (PMs) affected by cancer and caring for minor children.

Methods

Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a multicenter, non-randomized, controlled trial in Germany (Family-SCOUT). SMs and PMs affected by cancer were assessed for psychological burden (anxiety, depression, distress), quality of life, practical, family, emotional, spiritual/religious, and physical problems and parental concerns.

Results

A total of 54 SMs and 245 PMs were included. SMs reported more practical problems (p = 0.008, d = 0.44) and parental concerns than PMs (p = 0.011, d = 0.40). After controlling for demographic and clinical group differences, practical problems (p = 0.009, OR = 1.53) and parental concerns (p = 0.015, OR = 1.73) remained significantly associated with single motherhood. SMs and PMs did not differ in anxiety, depression, distress or quality of life. Overall, a large proportion of mothers reported clinically relevant elevated levels of anxiety (71.9%), depression (46.8%) and heightened distress (82.3%).

Conclusion

In this sample, the psychological burden of mothers with cancer who care for minor children did not differ based on whether they were parenting alone or together with a co-parent. However, SMs reported more practical problems and parental concerns than PMs, emphasizing the need for targeted support in practical problem-solving and child care for SMs.

Trial Registration Number: NCT04186923, 5. December 2019.
Partitioned matching games for international kidney exchange
Authors: Benedek Márton , Biró Péter , Kern Walter , Pálvölgyi Dömötör , Paulusma Daniel
Published: February 2025

We introduce partitioned matching games as a suitable model for international kidney exchange programmes, where in each round the total number of available kidney transplants needs to be distributed amongst the participating countries in a “fair” way. A partitioned matching game (N, v) is defined on a graph

$$G=(V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

with an edge weighting w and a partition

$$V=V_1 \cup \dots \cup V_n$$

V
=

V
1

∪
⋯
∪

V
n

. The player set is

$$N = \{ 1, \dots , n\}$$

N
=
{
1
,
⋯
,
n
}

, and player

$$p \in N$$

p
∈
N

owns the vertices in

$$V_p$$

V
p

. The value v(S) of a coalition 

$$S \subseteq N$$

S
⊆
N

is the maximum weight of a matching in the subgraph of G induced by the vertices owned by the players in S. If

$$|V_p|=1$$

|

V
p

|
=
1

for all

$$p\in N$$

p
∈
N

, then we obtain the classical matching game. Let

$$c=\max \{|V_p| \; |\; 1\le p\le n\}$$

c
=
max
{
|

V
p

|

|

1
≤
p
≤
n
}

be the width of (N, v). We prove that checking core non-emptiness is polynomial-time solvable if

$$c\le 2$$

c
≤
2

but co--hard if

$$c\le 3$$

c
≤
3

. We do this via pinpointing a relationship with the known class of b-matching games and completing the complexity classification on testing core non-emptiness for b-matching games. With respect to our application, we prove a number of complexity results on choosing, out of possibly many optimal solutions, one that leads to a kidney transplant distribution that is as close as possible to some prescribed fair distribution.
Whistleblowing in family firms: power and justice dynamics
Authors: Lafleur Clarisse , Hasso Tim , Barbera Francesco
Published: February 2025

We explore how power and justice dynamics influence whistleblowing behaviour in family firms, focusing on the under-explored construct of connection power. Power and justice are two important, interrelated forces strongly affecting moral behaviour. We hypothesise a moderated moderation model and use a 2 × 2x2 between-subject experiment with 331 participants to test our conceptual model. We find that the family relation (i.e., connection power) of the wrongdoer changes what we know about the relationship between the legitimate power of the observer and whistleblowing likelihood, and that, in some instances, observers with high legitimate power are even less likely to blow the whistle than those with low legitimate power. Our exploration further reveals that, although the family relation of the wrongdoer discourages would-be whistleblowers, even those with legitimate power, organisational justice consistently increases the likelihood of whistleblowing in every case.
A Scaled Gradient Projection method for the realization of the balancing principle in TGV-based image restoration
Authors: Landi Germana , Viola Marco , Zama Fabiana
Published: February 2025

In the last few years, Total Generalized Variation (TGV) regularization has proved to be a valuable tool to remove blur and noise from an image while avoiding the staircase effect typical of the Total Variation (TV) and preserving the sharp edges. The TGV-regularized model depends on two regularization parameters whose values must be appropriately selected to obtain good-quality restored images. In this work, we propose the use of the Balancing Principle (BP) to formulate the TGV-based image restoration problem as a constrained minimization problem whose objective is an implicit function of the two regularization parameters depending on the image to be restored. The values of the regularization parameters, and the corresponding restored image, satisfying the optimality condition of the formulated problem guarantee that the data fidelity and regularization terms are balanced. We introduce a Scaled Gradient Projection (SGP) method specifically tailored to the BP-based optimization problem and test its effectiveness against the fixed-point iteration schemes proposed in the literature. The numerical results performed on real-life images, affected by both Gaussian and Poisson noise, show that the proposed approach can effectively restore input images corrupted by several kinds of noise and outperform the fixed-point strategies for the realization of the Balancing Principle.
The myth of institutional transplantation: disjunctions between formal structures and power distribution in university governance in Lao PDR
Authors: Li Xin , Dewi Anggia Utami , Shin Jung Cheol
Published: February 2025

The transplantation of developed institutions has been widely adopted by supranational organizations as an intervention mechanism for enhancing higher education governance in developing systems. It has served as a key channel for the diffusion of neoliberal structures in Southeast Asian nations. This study focuses on Lao universities, where neoliberal reforms characterized by top-down implementation of corporate governance models have been systematically promoted by supranational organizations since the 1990s. Through a comprehensive analysis of regulatory documents, virtual consultations with university managers, and faculty surveys across three national universities in Laos, this study identified a substantial disjunction between imported, unified governance structures and actual decision-making patterns. This disjunction is examined through the “glonacal” framework, highlighting the need to reconsider “good governance” prescriptions in international development projects. This study extends the current discourse on the globalization of higher education by examining the coercive implantation of neoliberal structures in less-developed systems dominated by supranational organizations.
Degenerate Drifted Wave Equations in Nondivergence Form: Nonlinear Stabilization
Authors: Fragnelli Genni , Mugnai Dimitri
Published: February 2025

We study the stabilization of degenerate 1-D wave equations in non divergence form with drift. The degeneracy takes place in one boundary point and the stabilization is obtained by a nonlinear damping in the nondegeneracy one.
Rigidity of the extremal Kerr–Newman horizon
Authors: Colling Alex , Katona David , Lucietti James
Published: February 2025

We prove that the intrinsic geometry of compact cross sections of an extremal horizon in four-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory must admit a Killing vector field or is static. This implies that any such horizon must be an extremal Kerr–Newman horizon and completes the classification of the associated near-horizon geometries. The same results hold with a cosmological constant.