bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of an efficient multilayer, Multibit Barrel-Shifter using QCA with reversibility and stability
Authors: Sarkar Swarup , Roy Rupsa
Published: September 2022

In the present digital Nano-electronic era, the Quantum cell-based QCA (“Quantum-dot cellular automata”) technical platform is a suitable alternative to the transistor-level-based C.MOS-Technologies (Complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology).In this paper, the QCA technology is used to design multilayer, 3D, multi-bit (up to 8bit is selected) quantum low powered, high speed, optimum cost-effective Barrel Shifter. In the proposed Barrel-Shifter design, the reversibility is properly checked by using 2:1 MUX, and response analysis is also discussed appropriately. Along with this, the presented structures in this paper are compared with existing advanced related works and these comparisons are mainly based on an occupied unit area, area-based power consumption, latency, complexity, and cost. Additionally, the stability checking of the proposed multilayer Barrel-Shifter structure (in terms of output-polarization) is also included in this work based on the temperature tolerance and layer separation gap.
Influence of deformed cavity field and atomic dipole interaction on the quantum correlations of two-qubit system
Authors: Ali S. I.
Published: September 2022

The possibility of generating of some quantum correlations of entangled or separable initial two-qubit system interacts with a deformed cavity mode on the presence of dipole-dipole interaction is discussed. These quantum correlations are the coherence, non-separability, and steering degrees, which are quantifiers by using l1 norm of coherence, Entanglement of Formation (EoF), and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)-steering. It is shown that, maximizing or minimizing the quantum correlations depend on the initial settings states of the two-qubit system. To maximize the quantum correlations on the presences of deformation, one has to prepare the initial two-qubit system in an entangled state, setting large values of the coupling dipole and decreasing the effect of deformation parameter.
Predicting 90-day readmission for patients with heart failure: a machine learning approach using XGBoost
Authors: Sheng Song , Huang Ye
Published: September 2022

Background Heart failure (HF) is one of the most prevalent diseases in China and worldwide with poor prognosis. A prognostic model for predicting readmission for patients with HF could greatly facilitate risk stratification and timely identify high-risk patients. Various HF prediction models have been developed worldwide; however, there is few prognostic models for HF among Chinese populations. Thus, we developed and tested an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)model for predicting 90-day readmission for patients with HF.
Methods Clinical data for 1,532 HF patients retrospectively admitted to Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital in Sichuan Province from December 2016 to June 2019 were used to develop and test two prognostic models: XGBoost and logistic models. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was applied to filter variables and select predictors. The XGBoost model tuning was performed in a 10-fold cross validation and tuned models were validated in test set (7:3 random split). The performance of the XGBoost model was assessed by accuracy (ACC), kappa, area under curve (AUC) and other metrics, and was compared with that of the logistic model.
Results systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, type of HF, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total cholesterol were screened out as predictors through LASSO regression. In training set, we optimized four major parameters, max depth, eta, nrounds and early stopping rounds with optimal values of 6, 0.5, 1000 and 5 for XGBoost. In test set, we obtained a ACC of 0.99 with kappa of 0.98 and the AUC, sensitivity and specificity achieved were of 1.00, 1.00 and 0.99 in the XGBoost model, which has significantly higher prediction performance than the logistic model.
Conclusion The XGBoost model developed in our study had excellent prediction performance in test set and the model can contribute to the assessment of 90-day readmission risk for patients with HF in Chinese population.
Socio-Cultural and Economic Determinants of Latrine Ownership and Unitilisation: A Community-Based Survey in Bole District of Ghana
Authors: Nanyim Jonathan K. , Mutaru Abdul-Manaf , Gbeti Collins , Issahaku Abdul Rahaman , Abubakari Abdulai , Wumbei Abukari
Published: September 2022

Latrine ownership and utilisation is an integral part of the Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLT) implementation process. This study assessed ownership and utilization of latrine in selected Open Defecation (OD) and Open Defecation Free (ODF) communities within the Bole district. A community-based cross-sectional survey design and quantitative approach were employed in this study. Simple random sampling was used to select 166 respondents from 20 OD and ODF communities. Data collection was done using structured questionnaire. Data was analysed descriptively with frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. At the bivariate and multivariate levels, the chi-square association test and a binary logistic regression analysis were conducted respectively at 95% confidence levels. The proportion of latrine ownership and utilization were 22.3% and 6.6% respectively in this study. Household subjective norms, cultural and economic factors were found to be influencing latrine ownership and utilization. Educational qualification and awareness on CLTS in the communities are determinants of latrine ownership while belief in household subjective norms is a true predictor of latrine utilization. Therefore, effective measures, including education, sensitization, and implementable by-laws/community regulations must be put in place to propel latrine ownership and utilisation and reduce open defecation to the barest minimum.
Structure-Decidable structure-examples of decidable structures with proof-some examples of undecidable structures
Authors: sheikhaleslami zahra
Published: September 2022

In this paper, decidability of the structures of real, rational, integer and natural numbers will be studied in different languages.
Decidability or undecidability of mathematical structures is one of the fundamental and sometimes very difficult problems of mathematical logic, where several examples of problems in this field are still open and unresolved even after decades. One of the goals of Mathematical Logic is the axiomatization of mathematical theoriesTarski has proved the decidability of the theory of real and complex numbers in the language of addition and multiplication, and it is proved that theories of natural, integer, and rational numbers, in the language of addition and multiplication, are undecidable (Theorems of Gödel and Robinson).
We will proof The following problemes: The Main Problem 1: ⟨Q; ⊑⟩ is decidable? Problem 2: an explicit axiomatization for ⟨Z; x⟩? and we will study boolean algebras. Boolean algebras are famous mathematical structures. Tarski showed the decidability of the elementary theory of Boolean algebras.In this paper, we study the different kinds of Boolean algebras and their properties. And we present for the first-order theory of atomic Boolean algebras a quantifier elimination algorithm. The subset relation is a partial order and indeed a lattice order, And I will prove that the theory of atomic Boolean lattice orders is decidable, and furthermore admits elimination of quantifiers. So the theory of the subset relation is decidable. And we will study decidability of atomlss boolean algebra.
Effect of COVID-19 Period on Tuberculosis Treatment Success; a Mixed Methods Study among Tuberculosis patients at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital.
Authors: james higenyi , Katamba Achilles
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, over 4000 people were dying from TB every day. TB is still a major public health threat globally, but the TB epidemic may be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown in response to the pandemic and the events related to it can have an adverse epidemiologic impact on TB treatment outcome through its effect on poverty, and dietary intakes.
Objectives
Therefore, this study during COVID-19 would determine the effect of COVID-19 period on Tuberculosis Treatment success among TB patients.
Methods
Sequential explanatory mixed methods was used. A retrospective cohort study was employed for the quantitative component to determine the association between COVID-19 period and Tuberculosis treatment success among Tuberculosis Patients at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. A data abstraction sheet was used to extract the required data from the TB treatment registers. Treatment outcomes was dichotomized as successful treatment outcome and poor treatment outcome. Modified possion regression was used to explore associations between treatment outcome and other independent variables.
A qualitative study with a phenomenology approach was adopted to get an in-depth understanding to the barriers and facilitators to treatment success during the COVID era among Tuberculosis Patients at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. The lived experience of the TB patients who had participated in the quantitative component was captured. Data from audio recordings was transcribed and analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis to explore barriers and facilitators.
Results
There was no significant effect of COVID-19 Period on TB treatment Success (aRR=1.04: 95% CI 0.78-1.38). In addition, sex, HIV status, age, distance from the health facility, disease classification and treatment mode were not significantly associated with treatment success. The barrier to treatment success were lack of adequate health care information, fearing the COVID thing in the hospital. Some health workers pointed out that donors failed to support most of the TB activities as government redirected most of its funding to COVID-19 activities and neglected TB services.
The major facilitators were good relationship with health care workers, TB awareness programs, updating of TB guidelines and availability of free drugs and services.
Conclusion
This study did not find a significant effect of COVID-19 period on treatment outcomes. Measures towards alleviating fear and stigma and ensuring financial securities of the patients during the time of health crisis are important for preparedness against future epidemics such as COVID-19.
Differentiation of Heterodera glycines races by metabolomics
Authors: Costa Guilherme Nunes Moreira , Souza Hebréia Oliveira Almeida , Maia Larissa Prado , Martins Mário Machado , Bastos Luciana Machado , Goulart Luiz Ricardo , Ueira-Vieira Carlos
Published: September 2022

The nematode Heterodera glycines is one of the main phytosanitary problems of soybean and the main management strategy is the use of pathogen resistant cultivars. For this, it is necessary to characterize the populations of H. glycines. Race determination schemes present flaws and there is a demand for more practical methods. This study objective was to identify possible target metabolites for the characterization of populations of H. glycines. For this, the metabolic profile of the H. glycines races present in the Brazilian territory was analyzed by High-Performance Gas Chromatography linked to Mass Spectrometry and contrasted with a database. The results showed different metabolites profiles with the potential to be used as indicators of the races determined by the differentiating cultivars method. The concentrations patterns of metabolites found were different among the races analyzed and allow the individualization of each race within a single profile. These findings indicate the possibility of race discrimination based on metabolomics tests. Further investigations may provide fundamental information in the development of new rapid tests for the determination of H. glycines races.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the FORMIN Gene Family Implies Their Potential Functions in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Li Bin , Du Zhi-Ye , Jiang Nan , He Shan , Shi Yang , Xiao Kai , Xu Li-Jia , Wang Kai-Shun , Wang Xin , Chen Ji , Huang Jin
Published: September 2022

FORMIN proteins, which contain FH1 and FH2 domains, play crucial roles in the growth and development of organisms. However, the functions of FORMINs in rice (Oryza sativa L) remain largely unclear. In this study, a total of 17 FORMIN genes in rice genome were identified and their distribution on chromosomes, gene structure, as well as protein structure was investigated. According to their protein structural and phylogenetic features, these 17 rice FORMIN genes were classified into two distinct subfamilies. Subcellular localization prediction showed that rice FORMINs were located in cytosol, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, extracellular and vacuole. Protein protein interaction (PPI) prediction results showed that FORMIN protein might answer hormone signals and be involved in cytoskeleton dynamics regulation and cell wall morphology regulation. The gene expression analysis by using qRT-PCR indicated that a number of rice FORMIN genes were induced by auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Importantly, some of the FORMIN genes also exhibited cadmium (Cd) and drought stress responding expression patterns, suggesting that FORMIN genes may play roles in rice while dealing with drough or Cd stress. Overall, our research may shed light on the understanding of the biological functions of rice FORMINs.
Effect of the thermomechanical reprocessing conditions on polypropylene composites based on automotive waste parts: path to a circular economy?
Authors: Garcia-Vazquez Hector , Martinez-Hernandez Harol D. , Trujillo-Barragán Magdalena , Mondragon-Flores Esteban , Rodriguez-Juarez Mario E. , Millan-Malo Beatriz M. , Villada-Villalobos Jhon A. , Rodriguez-Garcia Mario E.
Published: September 2022

This paper is focused on the study of the waste car bumper samples and their transformation by re-extrusion-injection. Car bumpers are formed by crystalline phases of polypropylene (PP), talc, and amorphous ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). The thermal, mechanical, and structural properties of the recycled material strongly depend on the process used for the extrusion and injection. The FWHM of the X-ray diffraction patterns was used to study the recrystallization phenomenon in PP, and the result had a direct correlation with the findings obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Remaining micro paint particles from the waste car bumpers involved in the recycled extrusion-injection process affect the mechanical properties, and their size and toughness could affect injection. Removal of these particles could improve the mechanical properties of recycled PP. Automotive parts based on polypropylene can be recycled for the automotive industry by the production of the same kind of products, and even for other field. It proposed a methodology and metrology to know the accurate chemical composition and its relationship with the properties of PP-based materials to find applications in different fields that allow to development of a circular economy framework.
WITHDRAWN: Concurrent Multi-path quantum entanglement routing based on segment routing in quantum hybrid networks
Authors: Zhang Ling
Published: September 2022

In the future, quantum networks will be an important development direction. Quantum networks should be studied in light of quantum's unique physical properties. In quantum networks with limited resources, decoherence will lead to qubits loss, which restricts the time that data qubits can be stored in memory before use. To realize the network function, it is very important to transmit data qubits as quickly as possible. In order to ensure timeliness and make use of entanglement resources as much as possible, this paper proposes a concurrent multi-path entanglement routing scheme based on segment routing for quantum hybrid networks. Compared with single-path routing, this scheme has obvious advantages in traffic diversion, reducing transmission time and providing redundancy.
Prediction of the mechanism of Jin Ling Zi Powder in the intervention of gastric cancer based on transcriptomics and network pharmacology
Authors: Chen Liyao
Published: September 2022

Background
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in alleviating gastric cancer (GC), and Jin Ling Zi Powder is a common drug used in TCM treatment. However, the potential mechanism for its treatment of GC is unclear.
Objective
The purpose of this study is to integrate transcriptomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate the active components and targets of Jin Ling Zi Powder's intervention in GC and related pathways, in order to provide a basis for further revealing its mechanism of action and developing Jin Ling Zi Powder.
Methods
The potential targets of Jin Ling Zi Powder and GC-related genes were obtained from public database. Potential targets and signaling pathways were identified and visualized through bioinformatics analysis, including protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.Subsequently, molecular docking was performed to further validate these findings.
Results
The results showed that potential targets including IL6, PTGS2, MMP9, HMOX1, MYC, CHRM3, TOP2A, CA2, and KCNMA1 were the therapeutic targets of Jin Ling Zi Powder for gastric cancer. The functional enrichment analysis indicate that through synergistically regulating some biological pathway, such as inflammatory response, cellular response to tumor necrosis factor, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, MicroRNAs in cancer, Pathways in cancer, etc., which have therapeutic effects on gastric cancer. In addition, the molecular docking results showed that the compounds had good binding activity to the action target in vivo.
Conclusion
This study comprehensively describes the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of Jin Ling Zi Powder for the treatment of gastric cancer. It also provides promising avenues for revealing the treatment of diseases by TCM through scientific basis and therapeutic mechanisms.
Role of Postoperative Radiotherapy in Resected Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Choi Seo Hee , Yang Andrew Jihoon , Yoon Sun Och , Kim Hye Ryun , Hong Min Hee , Kim Se-Heon , Choi Eun Chang , Keum Ki Chang , Lee Chang Geol
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Although postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is demonstrably effective in local control of head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (HNACC), its application is controversial and the subset of patients who would benefit most from PORT is unknown. Herein, we analyzed the data of HNACC patients to clarify the role of PORT.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 187 patients with nonmetastatic HNACC who underwent surgical resection between 2005 and 2019. The study endpoints were locoregional failure-free survival (LRFFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Subgroup analysis and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) were performed to identify patients most likely to benefit from PORT.
Results: With a median follow-up of 84.7 months, the 5-year LRFFS, PFS, and OS were 70.0%, 52.6%, and 86.4%, respectively. Survival was significantly shorter in patients who experienced local failure than in those who did not (5-year OS: 88.1% vs. 80.5%, p=0.001). The local failure rate was significantly lower in patients who underwent PORT (16.9% vs. 31.0%, p=0.021), despite the high frequency of adverse factors. Especially, significant decreases in local failure and similar OS rates could be obtained after PORT among patients with positive margins, T2-4 stage disease, and major salivary gland tumors. The RPA model for PFS categorized patients into four groups according to three prognostic factors (T-stage, location, and sex). The RPA model for LRFFS and OS suggested three groups based on two factors (T-stage, margin for LRFFS; T-stage, grade 3 for OS).
Conclusion: PORT could prevent dismal survival, while significantly reducing local failures in high-risk HNACC patients.
CAND1 drives lipid metabolism and hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating FBXO11-mediated hnRNPA2B1 ubiquitination
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xia Peng , Yang Zhangshuo , Liu Jie , Zhu Yimin , Dai Caixia , Huang Zan , Zhang Zhonglin , Yuan Yufeng
Published: September 2022

Background
Aberrant lipid metabolism marks one of characteristic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we define the function and mechanism of CAND1 in lipid metabolism and progression of HCC in vitro and in vivo, and postulate CAND1/FBXO11/hnRNPA2B1 as a suitable therapeutic target for HCC.
Methods
We performed IHC staining, western blot analysis and prognostic analyses of CAND1 in HCC to define its prognostic value. The functions of CAND1 were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. RNA-Seq and lipidomic assays followed by serial biochemical experiments including mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, and ubiquitination were performed to dissect the underlying mechanism.
Results
CAND1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines and served as an independent prognostic risk factor for HCC. CAND1 promoted HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro. CAND1 facilitated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanism studies demonstrated that CAND1 promoted lipid synthesis through disrupting Skp1-Cul1-FBXO11 complex assembly. Furthermore, we identified hnRNPA2B1 as a novel FBXO11-binding partner mediating CAND1 function. FBXO11 directly bound to hnRNPA2B1 and promoted hnRNPA2B1 lysine 27 (K27)- and K48-linked ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Interfering CAND1 by shRNA significantly reduced tumor burden in primary mouse liver cancer model and PDX model.
Conclusions
CAND1 promoted HCC and regulated lipid synthesis by upregulating hnRNPA2B1 through dissociating Skp1-Cul-FBXO11 complex, which caused hnRNPA2B1 ubiquitination and degradation. Targeting CAND1-SCFFBXO11-hnRNPA2B1 axis may be a novel strategy against HCC.
Analysis and Design of a Capacitive-Isolation-Based Information Transmission System
Authors: ZHANG Ming , LLASER Nicolas , khan Imran
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a CMOS information transmission system with a capacitive isolation is proposed. Thanks to the incorporation of a high-pass filter, a high voltage common-mode existing between both transmission and reception sides of the transmission system can be suppressed leaving only the useful information signal transmitted across the capacitive isolation. The integration of two passive high-pass filters has been proposed in order to adapt to different applications. A detailed circuit performance analysis has been developed together with some circuit design considerations. The proposed circuits are designed and simulated in a CMOS 0.35µm technology. The simulation results show that the proposed system with a first order of high-pass filter can cope with a common-mode of voltage up to 40V at 1MHz with its immunity as high as 240V/µs while the proposed system with a second order of high-pass filter can deal with a common-mode voltage more than 100V with an immunity up to 720V/µs. The simulation results also show that with a carrier frequency of 100MHz and the input signal of 1MHz, the signal transmission delay and the power consumption are less than 10ns and 2.8mW for the first order filter system and 12ns and 2mW for the second order filter system.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: high mortality in spite of different treatment options.
Authors: Redondo Jesus Enrique Barrios , Becerra Juan Enrique Seba , Jimenez Lina Paola Montaña , Rubiano Maria Alejandra Montoya , Camacho Maria Paula Abaunza , Ciro Maria Clara Peña
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a fatal condition that affects intrauterine lung development, resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension.
Methods:
Given the scarcity of medical information indexed in low- and middle-income countries, the objective of this study was to characterize newborns with CDH treated at the San Ignacio University Hospital (HUSI) in Bogotá, Colombia over a time period of 11 years.
Results and discussion:
Within this population, 27 patients with CDH were treated: 81% were diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound, but only 14% had records of prenatal prognostic indices. The location of the defect was predominantly on the left side and the majority were male neonates (85% and 74% respectively). The mean gestational age was 37.2 weeks and the average weight was 2805 grams.
12 patients died prior to surgical correction. In 11 patients there were associated congenital malformations and 53.4% had postoperative complications. There was a postoperative mortality of 6 patients.
Conclusions:
Taking into account that CDH is an infrequent pathology with high mortality, the possibility of improving patient assessment was found by optimizing the protocol for prenatal assessment and postnatal treatment. The importance of monitoring epidemiological data in low- and middle-income countries is highlighted.
SAFEST: A Safeguarding Analytical Framework for dEcentralised Senstive daTa
Authors: Ryser-Welch Patricia , Abarrategui-Martinez Leire , Banerjee Soumya
Published: September 2022

An increasing demand and dependence of analyzing a data has been driven by
“Big Data” and “Internet of Things (IoT)”. Scientific reproducibility, robustness
and the cost of capturing new data has been improved through findable, accessible,
interoperable, and reusable data sharing. Ethical and legal restrictions impose
the use of privacy preservation and protection measures for any disclosive and
sensitive information. We, therefore, present a possible model to support multidisciplinary
research team to protect against disclosure of individual-level data
and large datasets used in other disciplines. We argue a technology reliance is not
enough and a continuous collaboration that adapt to new cyber-security, and data
inferential threat is needed. We consequently conclude some standards could lead
to closer collaboration to support research and innovation in the long term
GA-SLE: A hybrid algorithm for heart disease prediction using feature selection mechanism
Authors: Kushwaha Pradeep Kumar , Thirunavukkarasan M.
Published: September 2022

Heart disease is the leading cause of death around the globe, killing more people than cancer. A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association shows that gene variants in our genes can increase our risk of heart failure by as much as 40%. To make matters worse, the number of people with advanced heart failure is expected to rise by 30% by the year 2030. Some of the most common heart disease symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. It has been observed that machine learning can provide efficient heart disease prediction over a large amount of data thereby, empowering the patients and health care experts with the knowledge to make more accurate decisions at an appropriate time-bound. The central aspect of our proposed research is to build up a hybrid machine learning classifier using a Genetic Algorithm with a Super learner ensemble (GA-SLE) for the detection of heart disease with increased accuracy. In our study, the proposed system is compared with various machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), K- Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Extra Tree (ET), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Super Vector Classifier (SVC), Stochastic Gradient Descent(SGD), AdaBoost, Decision Tree(CART), Gradient Boosting(GBM) using 10-Fold cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning. A regressed comparative analysis of all three approaches has been performed with the help of a table and plot. The proposed GA-SLE outperforms all other ML classifiers, obtaining a prediction accuracy of 99.8% with minimum error loss. As per our findings, the current GA-SLE classifier enables the practitioner to detect and diagnose the sickness in the early stage of the disease.
A modified Timing Metric for Timing Synchronization in NC-OFDM System
Authors: Das Anuja , Mohanty Biswajit , Sahu Benudhar
Published: September 2022

In a traditional method of timing synchronization in the OFDM system, data on regularly spaced subcarriers are transmitted. However, the concept of data transmission on regular spaced sub- carriers does not fulfil the requirement of cognitive radio (CR) system in achieving dynamic spectrum management, free from interference from the primary users. So, Non-Contiguous OFDM (NC-OFDM) is considered for CR to support high data rate transmission in a wireless environment, it overcomes multipath delay spread.NC-OFDM system has high spectrum efficiency, so it is useful for CR system. Several synchronization schemes have been explored for the OFDM system. However, these schemes are not appropriate for NC-OFDM system as these schemes do not use deactivated subcarriers. In this paper, a modified timing metric for the timing synchronization in NC-OFDM based CR system is proposed. The performance of the proposed timing synchronization scheme is compared with the traditional Park and Zhang schemes.
Growth and Quality Response of Four Container-grown Nursery Crop Species to Low-phosphorus Controlled-release Fertilizer
Authors: Shreckhise Jacob H. , Owen James S. , Niemiera Alexander X. , Altland James E.
Published: September 2022

The amount of phosphorus (P) conventionally recommended and applied to container nursery crops commonly exceeds plant requirements, resulting in unused P leaching from containers and potentially contributing to surface water impairment. An experiment was replicated in the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain (MACP) and Ridge and Valley ecoregions of Virginia to compare the effect of a low-P controlled-release fertilizer (CRF, 0.9% or 1.4% P depending on species) vs. a conventional CRF formulation (control, 1.7% P) on plant shoot growth, crop quality, and substrate nutrient concentrations of four species: ‘Natchez’ crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica × Lagerstroemia fauriei), ‘Roblec’ Encore azalea (Rhododendron hybrid), ‘Radrazz’ Knock Out rose (Rosa hybrid), and ‘Green Giant’ arborvitae (Thuja plicata × Thuja standishii). In both ecoregions, the low-P CRF resulted in 9% to 26% lower shoot dry weight in all four species compared with those given the conventional formulation, but quality ratings for two economically important species, ‘Radrazz’ Knock Out rose and ‘Green Giant’ arborvitae, were similar between treatments. When fertilized with the low-P CRF, ‘Roblec’ Encore azalea and ‘Natchez’ crape myrtle in both ecoregions, and ‘Green Giant’ arborvitae in the MACP ecoregion had ∼56% to 75% lower substrate pore-water P concentrations than those that received the control CRF. Nitrate-nitrogen (N) concentrations in substrate pore water at week 5 were more than six times greater in control-fertilized plants than in those that received a low-P CRF, which may have been a result of the greater urea-N content or the heterogeneous nature of the low-P CRFs. Lower water-extractable pore-water P and N indicate less environmental risk and potentially increased crop efficiency. Our results suggest low-P CRFs can be used to produce certain economically important ornamental nursery crops successfully without sacrificing quality; however, early adopters will need to evaluate the effect of low-P CRFs on crop quality of specific species before implementing on a large scale.
Effect of Water Stress on Production and Quality of Sweet Corn Seed1
Authors: Chotena M. , Makus D. J. , Simpson W. R.
Published: September 2022

Four mid-season inbreds of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) were subjected to moderate or high soil moisture stress at tasseling, silking, or 2 weeks after silking. Soil moisture stress two weeks after silking was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of stalk rot symptoms 80 days after planting. Stalk rot and the percent seed-borne Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. were highly correlated. Stress at silking significantly reduced both yield components and seed quality attributes. Seed size distribution was influenced by the occurrence of water deficits, while the percent marketable seed was not.
The Relationship of ATP Concentration to Germination and Seedling Vigor of Vegetable Seeds Stored under Various Conditions1
Authors: Styer R. C. , Cantliffe D. J. , Hall C. B.
Published: September 2022

The possibility of using seed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content as an indicator of seed vigor was studied. Seeds of corn (Zea mays L.), cucumber, (Cucumis sativus L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) with seed moisture contents of 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25% were stored at temperatures of −10°, 5°, 15°, 25°, or 35°C for 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 months. Germination and seedling vigor decreased as storage time, temperature, and moisture level increased. Viability was lost in most seeds after 2.5 months at high temperature (25-35°) and high moisture (20-25%) contents. Seed stored at 5° and 5% moisture maintained the highest viability and seedling vigor over the 10-month storage. Low temperature (−10°) and high seed moisture levels (20-25%) reduced germination and vigor of radish seed. Seed ATP content did not correlate with reduced germination or vigor in any species. ATP concentrations consistently decreased over the 10-month storage period in all seeds stored at −10°. However, this trend did not correlate with the other vigor indices.
Differential Seed and Seedling Vigor in Shrunken-2 Compared to Three Other Genotypes of Corn at Various Stages of Development1
Authors: Styer R. C. , Cantliffe D. J. , Hannah L. C.
Published: September 2022

New hybrids of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) utilize genes which allow the build-up of high levels of sugar but which also lead to problems with seed and seedling vigor. In this study, ATP and various seedling vigor measurements were compared with seed germination and seedling vigor in normal and 3 corn endosperm mutants harvested at 16 to 42 days post-pollination. Germination and seedling vigor measurements (germination rate, radicle length, fresh and dry weight) showed that a shrunken-2 (sh2) corn was significantly lower in both laboratory and field tests than sugary (su), brittle (bt), and normal. The latter 3 genotypes were nearly equal in seedling vigor. Sugar levels of all mutants and normal were similar at 42 days post-pollination. Total polysaccharides in sh2 were 50% or more below the other 3 genotypes. ATP levels in seeds imbibed 4 hours, were generally similar in sh2 as in the other genotypes. In a time course study of 0 to 96 hr imbibition using 42 day-old seeds, the ATP content of sh2 seeds, was generally as high or higher than in the other 3 genotypes. It did not appear that ATP level was related to poor vigor during the early stages of germination of sh2 corn seeds.
Effect of Harvest Duration on Yield and on Depletion of Storage Carbohydrates in Asparagus Roots1
Authors: Shelton D. R. , Lacy M. L.
Published: September 2022

Harvesting a young planting of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) for 4 or 6 weeks the second year after transplanting 1-year-old crowns, followed by harvesting for 8 or 10 weeks the third year, reduced yields significantly the fourth year. Carbohydrate levels in asparagus storage roots decreased during harvest and continued to decrease after harvest during fern production. Carbohydrate levels increased in storage roots after stalks had matured, and were restored to preharvest levels by mid- to late summer. All treatments possessed comparable levels of storage carbohydrates by the end of the season. Asparagus storage carbohydrates were identified as fructose-oligosaccharides, which varied considerably in size, mobility, and percent fructose and glucose. The largest oligosaccharides were composed of ∼ 90% fructose, ∼ 10% glucose; molecular weights did not exceed 4,000.
A Sensitive Method for Measuring Changes in Calcium Concentration in ‘McIntosh’ Apples Demonstrated in Determining Effects of Foliar Calcium Sprays1
Authors: Weis S. A. , Drake M. , Bramlage W. J. , Baker J. H.
Published: September 2022

Three different methods of sampling flesh of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) for Ca analysis produced different results due to uneven Ca distribution in the fruit. A sensitive, reproducible method of sampling and analyzing the outer cortex of the calyx half of fruits indicated that Ca concentration in different parts of the fruit changed significantly after harvest, decreasing in the core and increasing in the outer cortical tissues. Massive applications of CaCl2 to trees shortly before harvest increased flesh Ca concentrations and red coloration of the fruit, decreased flesh softening during storage and senescent breakdown after storage, but caused significant injury to the fruit.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Carrot Flavor1
Authors: Simon P. W. , Peterson C. E. , Lindsay R. C.
Published: September 2022

Sensory analysis was performed on 4 carrot (Daucus carota L.) entries (inbred lines B6274 and B3615 and open-pollinated cultivars ‘Imperator 58’ and ‘Nantes’) grown in Florida, Texas, and California. Variation from entries and locations was observed for 5 sensory attributes. Significant differences were found among entries for harsh flavor (burning, turpentine-like flavor) and among locations for overall carrot flavor. Florida-grown roots elicited low sweetness and low overall carrot flavor responses, Texas-grown carrots expressed distinct differences in harsh flavor, and California-grown carrots had less harsh flavor with more sweetness and more overall carrot flavor. Significant inter-line differences were observed for different attributes at each location. Sensory analysis over all locations indicated that B3615 was more harsh, less sweet, and less preferred than the other entries. Harsh flavor and sweetness were used as independent variables in regression analyses and were found to account for much variation in overall preference and intensity of flavor differences. Harsh flavor could not be masked by dipping B3615 roots in 30% fructose. Phloem is harsher, sweeter, more flavorful, and preferred to xylem while a comparison of crown, midsection, and tip displays a significant acropetal reduction in carrot flavor.
Color Breakdown in Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum Lind.) Spathes Caused by Calcium Deficiency1
Authors: Higaki T. , Rasmussen H. P. , Carpenter W. J.
Published: September 2022

A color breakdown disorder in the lobe (proximal) section of the spathe of Anthurium andreanum Lind., was related to calcium deficiency. Elemental and electron microprobe X-ray analysis of spathe and leaf tissue revealed significantly lower Ca associated with color breakdown. In nutrient cultures, color breakdown was produced in the spathes of plants grown without Ca. Addition of Ca corrected the disorder. Elemental analysis of spathe and leaf tissues indicated lower Ca uptake at pH 3 and 4, higher at pH 6, and highest at pH 7. Ca was always lower in the lobe than tip (distal part) of the spathe at all pH levels. X-ray analysis also showed lower Ca in affected than in normal spathes.
Effect of Nitrate and Ammonium Nitrogen on the Growth and Mineral Composition of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plants1
Authors: Maftoun M. , Rouhani I. , Bassiri A.
Published: September 2022

Effects of 2 N forms and 5 N levels on the growth and mineral composition of 3 species of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants were studied. Plants supplied with N produced more top dry weight and contained higher chlorophyll and N concentrations than those grown without N. CAM plants appeared to utilize and equally well as measured by dry weight except in Sedum telephoides, where fertilization with reduced leaf growth. Leaf area and chlorophyll concentrations were generally higher in plants supplied with than in those supplied with . Ammonium nutrition increased total N concentration in some plant parts of S. telephoides and Kalanchöe verticillata. Moreover, the leaf and stem mineral composition were not significantly affected by the rate and form of N or their interaction. Apparently the N requirements of CAM seedlings is relatively low on calcareous arid region soils in Iran. Furthermore, fertilization generally suppressed growth of CAM plants as compared to those fertilized with .
Helicobacter pylori Infection: Conventional and Molecular Strategies for
Bacterial Diagnosis and Antibiotic Resistance Testing
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Ebrahimi Amir
Published: September 2022

Helicobacter pylori infection is a common health problem, which can cause gastric and
extragastric diseases. Accurate detection of H. pylori is critical for appropriate patient management
and bacterial eradication. In this regard, there are several methods for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, which are classically divided into two major groups of invasive and non-invasive methods.
Invasive methods, such as endoscopy, histology, and relative culture are less preferred due to their
operational difficulties. By contrast, non-invasive methods, such as urea breath test, (UBT) are clinically preferred. Moreover, molecular methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based
methods, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and DNA microarray, have shown good sensitivity and
specificity, and are considered helpful in H. pylori diagnosis. These methods have also increasingly
concentrated on the detection of bacterial antibiotic resistance patterns. Besides, point of care (POC)
devices play an important role in H. pylori diagnosis, mainly by shortening the time to the result and
by making the test available at the bedside or at remote care centres. Biosensors, including aptasensors, have shown to be more appropriate tools because of their low limit of detection, high selectivity, fast response, and ease of handling. Finally, new emerging techniques, like MALDI-TOF MS,
have been considered as fast methods with high degree of accuracy and sensitivity to identify and
differentiate new species of H. pylori. The current article reviews the most recent developments in
invasive, noninvasive, and molecular approaches for the diagnosis of H. pylori infections. Moreover,
the application of emerging techniques, including MALDI-TOF MS and recently developed POCs,
and biomarker-based methods, is discussed.
Multi Lingual Smart Virtual Personal Assistance: A Step towards Improving Life of Specially Able Society
Authors: Kamble Megha , Kumar Shrivastava Prashant , Shrivastava Pratish , Nain Rahul , Vishwakarma Nayan
Published: September 2022

The
modern Era is a boon to humanity with ever-changing technology, which makes it
possible to do the things that can make our world smart and sustainable. God is
a great creator, and along with so many variations, he has also created people with
a unique abilities. Accidently or eventually, due to old age, a healthy person
may be helpless and then suffer from depression due to sustainability issues in
this fastmoving and emotionless world. However, with cognitive computing
technologies and machine learning, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a miracle
specifically in the form of Virtual Personal assistants. Many instances are
available in the recent literature about the same. This chapter presents a
simple, mobile-based user-friendly application that can be operated with a
multi-lingual voice signal to enable the person to perform regular tasks. This
concept gives an intelligent platform to automate our tasks with ease, comfort,
and accuracy. The idea of a smart and sustainable world motivated us to develop
a Personal Helper with brilliant intelligent powers, interacting with the
objects in our surroundings, mobile services, and PC services just by one human
voice. The hardware device receives the audio request through a voice input
device like a microphone. The proposal is then processed so that the device can
execute the task. The primary objective of the virtual assistant is to help the
disabled, specially-abled people, do their work by giving single voice commands
in their natural voice. The chapter demonstrates the concept of significantly
reducing impaired or elderly persons' physical efforts and living a 'smart'
quality life.
Activities experience activities of small students in elementary schools in Thuy Nguyen District, Hai Phong City by access to capacity
Authors: Lan Nguyen Thi Huong
Published: September 2022

In order to perform well the organization of experiential activities for students of primary schools in Thuy Nguyen district, Hai Phong city in the direction of approaching the capacity, primary schools in the district have been invested and created favorable conditions for education. however, there are certain limitations as well. The results of the survey on the actual situation of experiential activities for students in primary schools in Thuy Nguyen district, Hai Phong city in the direction of competency approach are the basis for proposing measures to manage experiential activities in the direction of competency approach. , along with the requirement of renovating school administration in order to effectively implement the 2018 National Education Program, contributing to improving the quality of comprehensive education.
Hoe betrouwbaar zijn onze archeologische veldverkenningen in Italië eigenlijk?
Authors: Hoen Suzanne , Bruinsma Jildou , Witmer Evelien , Van Leusen Martijn
Published: September 2022

How reliable are our Italian field surveys really? This article presents the main results of three student-thesis based analyses of data obtained in field survey experiments carried out by the last author in Calabria (southern Italy) in 2014. Two separate experiments were conducted to study the differences between individual field walkers, and the ability of the GIA standard fieldwalking protocol to achieve a representative sample of the surface archaeological record. The analyses confirm and quantify the variability between walkers, as well as some of the survey biases that had already been suspected, and provide arguments for improving surveying practice in the Mediterranean. They also alleviate some concerns with respect to other parameters, such as sherd size.
Crossidium geheebii (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta), un nuevo registro para el continente americano
Authors: Cottet Agustina C. , Messuti María I.
Published: September 2022

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Aunque la brioflora de Argentina ha sido extensamente estudiada, aún quedan ambientes por explorar y taxones que deberán registrarse. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reportar un nuevo registro, Crossidium geheebii, para el continente americano. Métodos: Los especímenes fueron recolectados en la Patagonia argentina. Empleando un microscopio óptico se observó la morfología y anatomía de las hojas, tallos y esporofitos.Resultados clave: Se presenta una breve descripción, discusión, mapa de distribución e ilustración de la especie reportada. También se incluye una clave para identificar las especies del género Crossidium, con distribución en América.Conclusiones: Se registra por primera vez a Crossidium geheebii para el continente americano.