bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser Scribing for Perovskite Solar Modules of Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Jeong Yujin , Kim Yejin , Lee Hanseul , Ko Seoyeon , Ham Seung Sik , Jung Hye Ri , Choi Jun Hwan , Kim Won Mok , Jeong Jeung‐hyun , Yoon Seokhyun , Hwang David J. , Kim Gee Yeong
Published: March 2024

Although the efficiency of hybrid lead‐halide perovskite solar cells has been significantly improved, the efficiency gap between small‐area cells and large modules continues to be a considerable challenge. Laser scribing is essential for realizing high‐quality monolithic connections; however, the laser‐induced material changes and their correlation with device performance have not been yet well understood, in particular for the perovskite material systems. In this study, the effect of P3 laser processing conditions on device performance and stability is explained. The most interesting finding is an improvement in open‐circuit voltage (VOC) after aging and long‐term stability under low‐laser‐overlap conditions that avoid direct laser exposure to perovskite material system as a source of material degradation. It is found that a high‐laser‐overlap during P3 results in a lower fill factor after aging and accelerated degradation due to larger portion of perovskite directly exposed to laser during the scribing process. The increased VOC under low‐overlap conditions is attributed to the increased PbI2 formation in the P3 region. Moreover, a minimal pulse overlap is favorable for preserving long‐term device stability. Finally, a perovskite minimodule with an efficiency of 20.24% is successfully developed as a result of these findings.
Silica‐Derived Nanostructured Electrode Materials for ORR, OER, HER, CO2RR Electrocatalysis, and Energy Storage Applications: A Review**
Authors: Onajah Sammy , Sarkar Rajib , Islam Md. Shafiul , Lalley Marja , Khan Kishwar , Demir Muslum , Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Farghaly Ahmed A.
Published: March 2024

Silica‐derived nanostructured catalysts (SDNCs) are a class of materials synthesized using nanocasting and templating techniques, which involve the sacrificial removal of a silica template to generate highly porous nanostructured materials. The surface of these nanostructures is functionalized with a variety of electrocatalytically active metal and non‐metal atoms. SDNCs have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physicochemical properties, tunable electronic configuration, and microstructure. These properties make them highly efficient catalysts and promising electrode materials for next generation electrocatalysis, energy conversion, and energy storage technologies. The continued development of SDNCs is likely to lead to new and improved electrocatalysts and electrode materials. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the development of SDNCs for electrocatalysis and energy storage applications. It analyzes 337,061 research articles published in the Web of Science (WoS) database up to December 2022 using the keywords “silica”, “electrocatalysts”, “ORR”, “OER”, “HER”, “HOR”, “CO2RR”, “batteries”, and “supercapacitors”. The review discusses the application of SDNCs for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, and thermal energy storage applications. It concludes by discussing the advantages and limitations of SDNCs for energy applications.
Model Predictive Current Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Sliding‐Mode Disturbance Observer
Authors: Ma Shuhang , Zhao Jinghong , Yang Lv , Luo Xiangyu , Ran Guangpu
Published: March 2024

A nonlinear multivariable highly coupled system that is susceptible to both internal and external perturbations is the permanent magnet synchronous motor. A new reaching law‐based control approach that combines a sliding‐mode disturbance observer and an enhanced two‐vector model predictive current control is suggested in order to enhance the dynamic performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and its robustness to system disturbances. First, a new reaching law is developed in this paper to resolve the conflict between the traditional reaching law's chattering of the system and the reaching time of the sliding‐mode surface. This new reaching law not only makes the system's response more rapid but also reduces chattering; second, taking into account the possibility of systems with internal parameter uptake and external load disturbance, a sliding‐mode disturbance observer based on t is developed. Finally, the q‐axis current obtained from the speed sliding‐mode control rate is added to the model predictive current control, and an optimal duty cycle model predictive current control based on space vector modulation is designed because the traditional two‐vector model predictive current control is to optimize the duty cycle and voltage vectors separately, and the switching frequency is not fixed. The method suggested in this research may successfully suppress the sliding‐mode control system chattering and increase the resilience and dynamic response performance of the speed control system, according to simulation findings compared to the traditional reaching law and traditional duty cycle. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Theoretical Impedance Calculation Method for Air‐Core Coils
Authors: Matsuura Fumiaki , Futatsugi Yuki , Sato Mitsuhide , Enoki Shigemi , Mizuno Tsutomu
Published: March 2024

Coils are designed to have impedance characteristics appropriate for any use of the sensors, analog circuits and so on. The impedance characteristics of a coil depends on the coil shape and used materials, and these factors make coil design difficult. Therefore, we proposed a convenient method to obtain the impedance characteristics of a coil by theoretical calculation of the inductance, resistance, and capacitance. The difference between the calculated and measured values was within 15%, which demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed method. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Techno‐Economic Modeling of Diverse Renewable Energy Sources Integration: Achieving Net‐Zero CO2 Emissions
Authors: Danish Mir Sayed Shah , Ueda Soichiro , Furukakoi Masahiro , Dinçer Hasan , Shirmohammadi Zahra , Khosravy Mahdi , Mikhaylov Alexey , Senjyu Tomonobu
Published: March 2024

Integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into power systems presents significant challenges due to their diverse nature and operational characteristics. This study addresses these challenges through an innovative strategy that simulates solar and wind farms, storage systems, fuel cell generators of hydrogen energy (via electrolysis), and hydrogen storage, all governed by an intelligent controller. Alongside a mathematical model defining the system's dynamics, a multi‐objective optimization model is employed, exploring the system's operational, financial, and environmental impacts. While the mathematical model has limitations, the advanced model captures the system's dynamic behavior with exceptional precision. This intelligent simulation simplifies the complex interrelationships between various resources in the system, highlighting the viability of RES integration for enhanced benefits. Multi‐objective optimization of a real case study of Iowa 240‐Bus power system in the Midwest United States has resulted in an annual savings of $126 147.8, along with a significant CO2 reduction of 951 035.6 kg compared with the basecase. The total annual energy costs, including capital costs and electricity sales, are reported to be $157 430.4, and the total annual CO2 emissions are −4453.8 kg. Financial indicators highlight an annual cost reduction of 10.3% and an annual emission reduction of 100.5%. The simple and detailed project break‐even years are 18 and 1, respectively, with the project savings to cost minimization scenario ratio at 1.04. The optimization process efficiently handled a complex problem involving 5921 iterations, 299 247 variables, 11 854 discrete variables, and 342 167 equations, completing the entire operation in 12.7 s. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Investigating the effects of customer traits on preference for last‐mile delivery service attributes: When the product introduces a task
Authors: Scott Marc A. , Boone Christopher A. , Jenkins Matthew T. , García‐Dastugue Sebastián
Published: March 2024

As e‐commerce emerges as a central mechanism through which customers make purchases, so does the diversity of products they choose to purchase online. One of the fastest‐growing product categories is that of large and oversized items, often referred to as “big and bulky” items. This trend is particularly pronounced in the United States, with the online appliance and furniture markets experiencing substantial growth. Significant growth is also observed in the last‐mile delivery services sector for these large items. This presents a plethora of opportunities for industry stakeholders. Capitalizing on these opportunities and achieving service differentiation requires significant strategic investments in specialized equipment and capabilities by retailers and logistics service providers. These capabilities differ significantly from those typically required to deliver standard consumer products. This shift in operational context requires a deep understanding of customer preferences regarding big and bulky item delivery services. In this study, we determine customer preferences for big and bulky item delivery service features and quantify the effect of customer psychographic traits on those preferences. We accomplish this by conducting a choice‐based conjoint experiment. Our findings indicate significant effects that bear both research and managerial implications.
COVID‐19‐related chemosensory changes: Findings from a prospective national database
Authors: Bentan Mihai A. , Reiter Evan R. , Costanzo Richard M. , Coelho Daniel H.
Published: March 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to review findings from a large prospective national database of chemosensory disturbances associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection.

Data Sources

The Virginia Commonwealth University Smell and Taste Center national database of COVID‐19 chemosensory disturbances.

Methods

A series of online surveys, first opened on April 10, 2020, was made accessible nationwide to any adult with sudden chemosensory dysfunction since January 2020. Participants received subsequent follow‐up surveys 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after enrollment. An additional survey was sent to all participants on May 28, 2022 to assess long‐term outcomes. Information pertaining to demographics, symptoms, comorbidities, treatments, and life impact was collected.

Results

Of 363 participants who reported complete smell recovery, 51.2% recovered within 1 month, 70% within 3 months, and 79% within 6 months, while 8.8% took over 1 year to completely recover. Among all participants, 7.5% had no smell recovery. Positive predictors of recovery included age <40, male gender, and the presence of nasal congestion. Negative predictors included difficulty breathing and prior head injury. Many participants reported a decrease in quality of life and the presence of potential safety hazards associated with decreased smell loss.

Conclusions

Most subjects with COVID‐19‐related chemosensory dysfunction recover, with the majority noting complete recovery within weeks of infection. Those aged over 40 years and female gender were associated with lower rates of recovery. A considerable number of participants reported significant impact on quality of life and safety.
Modified reverse septal flap: A surgical hint
Authors: Dalfino Gianluca , Ronchi Andrea , Sileo Giorgio , Volpi Luca , Bignami Maurizio
Published: March 2024

Endoscopic resection with transnasal craniectomy (ERTC) and skull‐base reconstruction (SBR) are effective techniques for sinonasal/skull‐base malignancies treatment. Endoscopic endonasal SBR techniques are mainly based on homologue‐free grafts with excellent outcomes, but alternative techniques can be used such as regional vascularized pedicled flaps or local pedicled flap‐like Hadad–Bassagasteguy nasoseptal flap and the septal flip flap (SFF). The purpose of this article is to describe an inferiorly based septal flap aimed to promote mucosal healing and improve patients’ quality of life. We reported a clinical case of 51‐year‐old female affected by olfactory neuroblastoma, Hyams‐Ⅱ, Kadish‐INSICA‐B treated with unilateral ERTC and SBR with fascia lata, SFF, and modified reverse septal flap (mRSF). The mRSF harvesting is described in detail, to obtain a lower hinged flap with random vascularization, which can be rotated to cover the exposed bone of the nasal cavity floor. Endoscopic evaluations immediately showed rapid healing with a minimal amount of nasal crusting, despite the adjuvant treatment and the short time since the surgery. This surgical technique is a simple and viable way to boost nasal healing after endoscopic endonasal surgery and for nasal floor resurfacing after septal removal following a unilateral ERTC.
Nanoparticle drug delivery systems responsive to tumor microenvironment: Promising alternatives in the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Cao Ye , Meng Fansu , Cai Tiange , Gao Lanwen , Lee Jaiwoo , Solomevich Sergey O. , Aharodnikau Uladzislau E. , Guo Tingting , Lan Meng , Liu Fengjie , Li Qianwen , Viktor Timoshenko , Li Detang , Cai Yu
Published: March 2024

The conventional therapeutic treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is negatively influenced by the development of tumor cell drug resistant, and systemic toxicity of therapeutic agents due to off‐target activity. In accordance with research findings, nanoparticles (NPs) responsive to the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been discovered for providing opportunities to selectively target tumor cells via active targeting or Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. The combination of the TME control and therapeutic NPs offers promising solutions for improving the prognosis of the TNBC because the TME actively participates in tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. The NP‐based systems leverage stimulus‐responsive mechanisms, such as low pH value, hypoxic, excessive secretion enzyme, concentration of glutathione (GSH)/reactive oxygen species (ROS), and high concentration of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to combat TNBC progression. Concurrently, NP‐based stimulus‐responsive introduces a novel approach for drug dosage design, administration, and modification of the pharmacokinetics of conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy drugs. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the strengths, limitations, applications, perspectives, and future expectations of both novel and traditional stimulus‐responsive NP‐based drug delivery systems for improving outcomes in the medical practice of TNBC.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Wertschätzung
Authors: Höhl Karolin , Dreyer Jana , Lichtenstein Silke
Published: March 2024

Ähnlich dem Wertediskurs gibt es keine allgemeingültige Auffassung zum Begriff „Wertschätzung“, auch nicht im Kontext von Essen. Doch hier etabliert sich der Begriff zunehmend und findet immer häufiger Verwendung.
Morphisms between Grassmannians, II
Authors: Occhetta Gianluca , Tondelli Eugenia
Published: March 2024

Denote by $${\mathbb {G}}(k,n)$$

G
(
k
,
n
)

the Grassmannian of linear subspaces of dimension k in $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$

P

n

. We show that if $$\varphi :{\mathbb {G}}(l,n) \rightarrow {\mathbb {G}}(k,n)$$

φ
:
G
(
l
,
n
)
→
G
(
k
,
n
)

is a nonconstant morphism and $$l \not =0,n-1$$

l
≠
0
,
n
-
1

, then $$l=k$$

l
=
k

or $$l=n-k-1$$

l
=
n
-
k
-
1

and $$\varphi $$
φ
is an isomorphism.
Evaluations of the effects of different flame retardants combinations on particleboards produced using urea–formaldehyde resin
Authors: Gumus Nur , Doganci Erdinc , Aytac Ayse
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, using flame-retardant chemicals is gaining importance in chipboard production. Melamine resins to produce chipboard are preferred to provide flame retardancy properties with a cost of approximately 2.5 times the urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin. In this study, the UF resin to produce the chipboard was preferred due to its economical availability. To improve the flame retardancy properties of the chipboard, phosphate-based and inorganic flame retardants were used in the chipboards. In chipboard production, oak, pine, poplar, sawdust, urea–formaldehyde resin as adhesive, flame retardant chemicals like triphenyl phosphate (TPP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and calcium gluconate (CaG) were used. Flame retardant chemicals were added to chipboards in single and double compositions and prepared by pressing method. Mechanical (tensile, bending, and surface strength), physical (humidity, density, formaldehyde emission), and fire (limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter, and UL-94 vertical) tests were performed on wooden boards. It has been observed that the use of different types of flame retardant and their combinations in chipboard does not significantly change the mechanical properties. It was seen that the free formaldehyde emission rate decreased by using flame retardant added compared to the control sample. The chipboard samples with added flame-retardant chemicals have entered the V-0 rating in the UL-94. LOI values of the chipboard samples containing 50% CaG-50% APP and 50% TPP—50% CaG were observed as 29.7% and 29.8%, respectively. Besides, the highest heat release rate (HRR) reduction was obtained in the chipboard sample containing 50% CaG—50% APP.
Endoscopic trans-eustachian tube approach: identifying the precise landmarks, a novel radiological and anatomical evaluation
Authors: Karadag Ali , Yuncu Mustafa Eren , Middlebrooks Erik H. , Tanriover Necmettin
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The endoscopic trans-eustachian approach (ETETA) is a less invasive approach to the infratemporal fossa (ITF), providing superior exposure compared to traditional transcranial approaches. The anatomy of the pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube and adjacent neurovascular structures is complex and requires in-depth knowledge to safely perform this approach. We present a cadaveric and radiological assessment of critical anatomic considerations for ETETA.

Methods

Six adult cadaveric heads were dissected alongside examination of 50 paranasal sinus CT scans. Key anatomic relationships of the pharyngotympanic tube and adjacent structures were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Descriptive statistics were performed for quantitative data.

Results

Anatomical and radiological measurements showed lateralization of the pharyngotympanic tube allows access to the ITF. The pharyngotympanic tube has bony and cartilaginous parts with the junction formed by the sphenoid spine and foramen spinosum. The bony part and tendon of the tensor tympani muscle were located at the posterior genu of the internal carotid artery. The anterior and inferior wall of the carotid canal was located between the horizontal segment of the internal carotid artery and petrous segment of the cartilaginous pharyngotympanic tube.

Conclusion

The combination of preoperative radiographic assessment and anatomical correlation demonstrates a safe and effective approach to ETETA, which allowed satisfactory visualization of ITF. The morphological evaluation showed that the lateralization of the pharyngotympanic tube and related structures allowed a surgical corridor to reach the ITF. Endoscopic surgery through the pharyngotympanic tube is challenging, and in-depth understanding of the key anatomic relationships is critical for performing this approach.
Extremal Edge General Position Sets in Some Graphs
Authors: Tian Jing , Klavžar Sandi , Tan Elif
Published: March 2024

A set of edges $$X\subseteq E(G)$$

X
⊆
E
(
G
)

of a graph G is an edge general position set if no three edges from X lie on a common shortest path. The edge general position number $${\textrm{gp}}_{\textrm{e}}(G)$$

gp
e

(
G
)

of G is the cardinality of a largest edge general position set in G. Graphs G with $${\textrm{gp}}_{{\textrm{e}}}(G) = |E(G)| - 1$$

gp
e

(
G
)

=

|
E

(
G
)

|

-
1

and with $${\textrm{gp}}_{{\textrm{e}}}(G) = 3$$

gp
e

(
G
)

=
3

are respectively characterized. Sharp upper and lower bounds on $${\textrm{gp}}_{{\textrm{e}}}(G)$$

gp
e

(
G
)

are proved for block graphs G and exact values are determined for several specific block graphs.
The cost evaluation of day-case compared to inpatient cochlear implantation in adults: subanalysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Derks Laura S. M. , Smit Adriana L. , Thomeer Hans G. X. M. , Grolman Wilko , Stokroos Robert J. , Wegner Inge
Published: March 2024

Objective

To investigate the assumption that day-case cochlear implantation is associated with lower costs, compared to inpatient cochlear implantation, while maintaining equal quality of life (QoL) and hearing outcomes, for the Dutch healthcare setting.

Study design

A single-center, non-blinded, randomized controlled trial in a tertiary referral center.

Methods

Thirty adult patients with post-lingual bilateral sensorineural hearing loss eligible for unilateral cochlear implantation surgery were randomly assigned to either the day-case or inpatient treatment group (i.e., one night admission). We performed an intention-to-treat evaluation of the difference of the total health care-related costs, hospital and out of hospital costs, between day-case and inpatient cochlear implantation, from a hospital and patient perspective over the course of one year. Audiometric outcomes, assessed using CVC scores, and QoL, assessed using the EQ-5D and HUI3 questionnaires, were taken into account.

Results

There were two drop-outs. The total health care-related costs were €41,828 in the inpatient group (n = 14) and €42,710 in the day-case group (n = 14). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 1.2 days (mean costs of €1,069) in the inpatient group and 0.7 days (mean costs of €701) for the day-case group. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative hospital and out of hospital costs. The QoL at 2 months and 1 year postoperative, measured by the EQ-5D index value and HUI3 showed no statistically significant difference. The EQ-5D VAS score measured at 1 year postoperatively was statistically significantly higher in the inpatient group (84/100) than in the day-case group (65/100). There were no differences in postoperative complications, objective hearing outcomes, and number of postoperative hospital and out of hospital visits.

Conclusion

A day-case approach to cochlear implant surgery does not result in a statistically significant reduction of health care-related costs compared to an inpatient approach and does not affect the surgical outcome (complications and objective hearing measurements), QoL, and postoperative course (number of postoperative hospital and out of hospital visits).

Level of evidence

1.
Efficacy of a stannous fluoride dentifrice for relieving dentinal hypersensitivity in Chinese population: an 8-week randomized clinical trial
Authors: Li Rui , Yang Wenjie , Grimaldi Roberta , Zeng Peter , Smith Gary , Chen Xi
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) in a Chinese population.

Materials and methods

This was a single-centre, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, three-treatment-arm, parallel-group study in participants with clinically diagnosed DH. Subjects who met inclusion criteria (n = 197) were randomly allocated into 3 groups: test group (n = 66)—using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily; positive control group (n = 64)—using a 5.0% calcium sodium phosphosilicate-containing dentifrice twice daily; negative control group (n = 67)—using a 1150 ppm of NaF dentifrice twice daily. Status of DH was assessed at week 4 and week 8 by the same independent examiner. Changes from baseline in Schiff sensitivity score, tactile threshold and Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ) score were analysed using analysis of covariance models. The DHEQ evaluated subject-perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Results

Statistically significant improvements in mean Schiff scores (p < 0.0001 for all products at Weeks 4 and 8), tactile threshold (p < 0.0001 for test and negative control at Weeks 4 and 8: Week 4 p = 0.0040 and Week 8 p < 0.0001 for positive control) and all DHEQ scores (p < 0.01 for all groups) were observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in the adjusted mean between all dentifrices at both timepoints, potentially driven by a placebo effect. Forty-two treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported (n = 32 subjects), with 2 serious AEs (n = 1) in the test group. TEAEs were not considered treatment-related.

Conclusions

All groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in Schiff score, tactile threshold and OHRQoL. However, due to a possible placebo effect in the negative control, there were no statistically significant differences between the dentifrices.

Clinical relevance

This study adds to the growing research exploring why the placebo effect is a common phenomenon in DH studies.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04950465.
Dietary patterns among U.S. food insecure cancer survivors and the risk of mortality: NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Maino Vieytes Christian A. , Zhu Ruoqing , Gany Francesca , Koester Brenda D. , Arthur Anna E.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Food insecurity—the lack of unabated access to nutritious foods—is a consequence many cancer survivors face. Food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes and lower diet quality in the general public. The goal of this analysis was to extract major and prevailing dietary patterns among food insecure cancer survivors from observed 24-h recall data and evaluate their relationship to survival after a cancer diagnosis.

Methods

We implemented two dietary patterns analysis approaches: penalized logistic regression and principal components analysis. Using nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study, we extracted three dietary patterns. Additionally, we evaluated the HEI-2015 for comparison. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the relationship between the diet quality indices and survival after a cancer diagnosis.

Results

There were 981 deaths from all causes and 343 cancer-related deaths. After multivariable adjustment, we found higher risks of all-cause mortality associated with higher adherence to Pattern #1 (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.09–1.43) and Pattern #2 (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.01–1.31) among cancer survivors.

Conclusion

Among all cancer survivors, higher adherence to major and prevailing dietary patterns from the U.S. food insecure cancer survivor population may lead to worse survival outcomes.
The role of cognitive legitimacy in social entrepreneurship: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Li Xing , Cai Wanxiang , Bosma Niels
Published: March 2024

While the role of cognitive legitimacy in new organizational forms’ development has been extensively studied, the cognitive legitimacy of social entrepreneurship (SE) has so far received limited attention. Drawing from legitimacy theory and organizational ecology literature, we theorize and explore how SE obtains cognitive legitimacy via its prevalence and the legitimacy spillovers of the two categories it encapsulates: new business and nonprofit organizations. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, we find evidence for the existence of legitimacy spillovers from both new business and nonprofit organizations to SE activity. Second, the perceived density of social enterprises is significantly related to individuals’ engagement in SE. Third, we find the effect of legitimacy spillover effects is more significant when individuals perceive a lower density of social enterprises. Our study contributes to the research on SE, organizational ecology, and hybrid organizations by exploring the multiple sources for increasing SE’s legitimacy, particularly highlighting the existence of cross-categories legitimacy spillover effect within hybrid organizations.
Trajectories of trace element accumulation in seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) over a decade reveal the footprint of fish farming
Authors: Litsi-Mizan Victoria , Kalantzi Ioanna , Tsapakis Manolis , Pergantis Spiros A. , Karakassis Ioannis , Apostolaki Eugenia T.
Published: March 2024

To evaluate the effect of trace element (TE) release from fish farms on seagrass Posidonia oceanica, we compared TE concentrations (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) in shoots near fish cages (Station ‘Cage’) with those away from them (Station ‘Control’) in two fish farm facilities (Site 1 and Site 2, North Aegean Sea, Greece). We assessed the present (i.e., 2021, year of sampling) and past (reconstructed period 2012–2020) accumulation of TEs using the living compartments (leaf blades, sheaths, rhizomes, roots, epiphytes) and the dead sheaths, respectively. We also assessed possible seagrass degradation by reconstructing past rhizome production. P. oceanica rhizome production at the ‘Cage’ stations was up to 50% lower than at the ‘Control’ stations. Most TE concentrations were higher at ‘Cage’ stations, but the differences often depended on the seagrass living compartment. Significant differentiation between ‘Cage’ and ‘Control’ stations was observed based on the TE concentrations of the dead sheaths during 2012–2020. The contamination level at the ‘Cage’ stations was mostly moderate in Site 1 and low in Site 2, during the reconstructed period, while an increasing contamination trend was found for certain potential phytotoxic TEs (As, Cu, Cd, Mo, V). Our results emphasize the need for the aquaculture industry to work towards a more ecologically aware approach.
A comparison of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of apple chips dried and fried by vacuum combined infrared radiation
Authors: Uğurlu Serdar , Bakkalbaşı Emre
Published: March 2024

In this study, the effects of different drying (180–325 W and 100–400 mmHg) and frying (250–350 W and 400 mmHg) parameters on phenolic compounds, bioaccessibilities, antioxidant activities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of apple chips dried and fried by vacuum-combined infrared radiation were investigated. Catechin (12.15–34.48 mg/kgDM), epicatechin (34.33–137.07 mg/kgDM), procyanidin B1 (14.07–30.05 mg/kgDM), procyanidin B2 (48.10–95.76 mg/kgDM), procyanidin C1 (14.95–42.97 mg/kgDM), chlorogenic acid (262.70–397.97 mg/kgDM), and rutin (0–5.94 mg/kgDM) were identified in apple chips. The phenolic content of apple chips increased with increasing infrared power during the drying and frying process. The phenolic contents of fried apple chips were generally higher than dried apple chips. However, the bioaccessibility rates of total flavan-3-ols in dried apple chips were higher than those of fried apple chips. It was determined that the initial total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavan-3-ol contents and antioxidant activity levels of the samples decreased after in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion. It was determined that all drying and frying samples showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (15.52–28.77 mg/mL) compared to acarbose (30.87 mg/mL). The apple chips dried and fried by infrared radiation had higher phenolic content, antioxidant activity, bioaccessibility, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than their counterparts (convectional drying and deep-fat frying, respectively). Vacuum-combined infrared drying and frying is a promising method to preserve the phenolic content, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of apple chips, especially at high temperature applications. Further research is needed on new designs for the production of fruit chips using infrared radiation and their effects on bioactive components.

Graphical abstract
A novel textile-based UWB patch antenna for breast cancer imaging
Authors: abdulla Fawzia Abdien ali , Demirkol Aşkin
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide, and detecting cancer at an early stage increases the survival rate by 97%. In this study, a novel textile-based ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna was designed and modeled to work in the 2–11.6 GHz frequency range and a simulation was used to test its performance in early breast cancer detection. The antenna was designed with an overall size of 31*31 mm $$^2$$

2

using a denim substrate and 100% metal polyamide-based fabric with copper, silver, and nickel to provide comfort for the wearer. The designed antenna was tested in four numerical breast models. The models ranged from simple tumor-free to complex models with small tumors. The size, structure, and position of the tumor were modified to test the suggested ability of the antenna to detect cancers with different shapes, sizes, and positions. The specific absorption rate (SAR), return loss (S11), and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) were calculated for each model to measure the antenna performance. The simulation results showed that SAR values were between 1.6 and 2 W/g (10 g SAR) and were within the allowed range for medical applications. Additionally, the VSWR remained in an acceptable range from 1.15 to 2. Depending on the size and location of the tumor, the antenna return losses of the four models ranged from $$-$$
-
36 to $$-$$
-
18.5 dB. The effect of bending was tested to determine the flexibility. The antenna proved to be highly effective and capable of detecting small tumors with diameters of up to 2 mm.
Rolling reductive homogeneous spaces
Authors: Schlarb Markus
Published: March 2024

Rollings of reductive homogeneous spaces are investigated. More precisely, for a reductive homogeneous space G/H with reductive decomposition $$\mathfrak {{g}} = \mathfrak {{h}} \oplus \mathfrak {{m}}$$

g
=
h
⊕
m

, we consider rollings of $$\mathfrak {{m}}$$
m
over G/H without slip and without twist, where G/H is equipped with an invariant covariant derivative. To this end, an intrinsic point of view is taken, meaning that a rolling is a curve in the configuration space Q which is tangent to a certain distribution. By considering an H-principal fiber bundle $$\overline{\pi }:\overline{Q}\rightarrow Q$$

π
¯

:

Q
¯

→
Q

over the configuration space equipped with a suitable principal connection, rollings of $$\mathfrak {{m}}$$
m
over G/H can be expressed in terms of horizontally lifted curves on $$\overline{Q}$$

Q
¯

. The total space of $$\overline{\pi }:\overline{Q}\rightarrow Q$$

π
¯

:

Q
¯

→
Q

is a product of Lie groups. In particular, for a given control curve, this point of view allows for characterizing rollings of $$\mathfrak {{m}}$$
m
over G/H as solutions of an explicit, time-variant ordinary differential equation (ODE) on $$\overline{Q}$$

Q
¯

, the so-called kinematic equation. An explicit solution for the associated initial value problem is obtained for rollings with respect to the canonical invariant covariant derivative of first and second kind if the development curve in G/H is the projection of a one-parameter subgroup in G. Lie groups and Stiefel manifolds are discussed as examples.
Production of NiCoMo-Supported Ni Foam for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol: Experimental and RSM Analysis
Authors: Doğru Mert Başak , Demir Beyza Nur , Edis Cansu , Akyıldız Şenay , Özgür Ceyla , Mert Mehmet Erman
Published: March 2024

The Ni-, Co-, and Mo-supported Ni foam (NiF–NiCoMo) was produced via galvanostatic method, and electrooxidation of methanol in alkaline medium was examined. The characterization was achieved using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrochemical behavior was determined via cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry analysis. The contribution of each transition metal to electrocatalytic performance of NiF was monitored via mono, binary, and ternary modifications of each transition metal (Ni, Co, and Mo) for several amounts (5, 10, and 15 μg). Experiments were performed to determine the influence of catalyst amounts, methanol concentration, and scan rate parameters. The impacts of independent parameters on methanol electrooxidation were statistically investigated using Design-Expert software. The ability to analyze multiple parameters with a limited number of experimental performances is one of the method’s key benefits. The developed model showed that 9.41 and 14.03 µg catalyst amounts were the appropriate values for NiF–NiMo and NiF–NiCoMo achieving optimal circumstances, respectively.
Interactive multimodal video search: an extended post-evaluation for the VBS 2022 competition
Authors: Schall Konstantin , Bailer Werner , Barthel Kai-Uwe , Carrara Fabio , Lokoč Jakub , Peška Ladislav , Schoeffmann Klaus , Vadicamo Lucia , Vairo Claudio
Published: March 2024

CLIP-based text-to-image retrieval has proven to be very effective at the interactive video retrieval competition Video Browser Showdown 2022, where all three top-scoring teams had implemented a variant of a CLIP model in their system. Since the performance of these three systems was quite close, this post-evaluation was designed to get better insights on the differences of the systems and compare the CLIP-based text-query retrieval engines by introducing slight modifications to the original competition settings. An extended analysis of the overall results and the retrieval performance of all systems’ functionalities shows that a strong text retrieval model certainly helps, but has to be coupled with extensive browsing capabilities and other query-modalities to consistently solve known-item-search tasks in a large-scale video database.
Developing Volitional Readers Requires Breadth and Balance: Skills Alone Won’t do it
Authors: Milne John
Published: March 2024

The learning and teaching of reading continues to be a source of contention in New Zealand education. In recent years, proponents of structured literacy approaches have argued for more attention to be paid to what they term the “science of reading”. They have emphasised skill development and argued against the inclusion of other approaches. A singular focus on skill development comes at a cost however, as being a reader requires more than simply being able to read words. When we consider a broader view of what it means to be a reader, we need to consider the reader as a whole person, and their place in a wider social context. This article discusses the “science of reading” in relation to Self-Determination Theory and considers how pedagogical approaches can contribute to, or work against, the development of children’s feelings of autonomy, relatedness, and competence in reading and their subsequent desire to read. A restricted focus and related pedagogies will have negative long-term impacts on individuals’ ability to access the many and varied benefits of truly being a reader. Some of the approaches being promoted will likely exacerbate existing concerns such as declining rates of volitional reading and achievement. While necessary, being technically capable is not enough, children must also see the value in reading and its outcomes if they are going to choose to do it.
Academic Misconduct Among Undergraduates Across Aotearoa: Insights and Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Stephens Jason M. , Absolum Kate , Adam Lee A. , Blickem Chelsea J. , Gilliver-Brown Katherine E. , Hart Deirdre E. , Kelly John , Olsen Wendy , Ulrich Neil
Published: March 2024

As elsewhere in the world, academic misconduct is a serious problem in Aotearoa. Yet, beyond the occasional newspaper headline, we know relatively little about the extent of the problem here or the factors associated with it. Consequently, our educational leaders and practitioners are left under-informed as they seek to address the problem and promote academic integrity. To help provide the knowledge and insights needed to craft good policy and best practice, the Research on Academic Integrity in New Zealand (RAINZ) Project—a research collaboration involving eight tertiary institutions—was founded in 2021. In the second semester of 2022, the RAINZ Project launched the first-ever nationwide survey of undergraduate students’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours related to academic integrity. Results from this survey, which was completed by undergraduates (N = 4493), indicate that most students (approximately two-thirds) reported engaging in at least one form of academic misconduct in the past year. As hypothesised, students’ perceptions (of the institutional climate and peer norms) and moral attitudes (related to cheating) were significantly associated with their engagement in academic misconduct. Details of these results as well as their implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) technique for road infrastructure monitoring: a case study of the roadway network of the Nile Delta (Egypt)
Authors: Ibrahim Heba Basyouni , Salah Mahmoud , Zarzoura Fawzi , El-Mewafi Mahmoud
Published: March 2024

A dependable transportation infrastructure is an essential local resource, linking communities and facilitating economic expansion. The Nile Delta, renowned for its high population density, is experiencing subsidence as a result of natural forces exerting pressure on its sediments. Land subsidence exerts a substantial influence on infrastructure, economic, and social progress. This study examines the evaluation of land subsidence in roads experiencing various issues in the Nile Delta. Each year, subsidence results in significant damage and, in certain instances, complete disruption of numerous road networks, with potential durations ranging from a few days to several months. Conventional methods for identifying and monitoring subsidence on a large and intricate road network can be challenging due to the substantial time and resource requirements. Satellite-based monitoring is essential as it can effectively detect ground displacements caused by human activities (such as subterranean diggings and disruption of other infrastructures) or environmental dangers, specifically those associated with crucial hydrogeological incidents. Moreover, it possesses the benefit of efficiently encompassing extensive regions with precision. This study utilized the persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) of SNAP-StaMPS workflow to employ differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) processing methods for investigating the area. By utilizing Sentinel-1 data, we successfully acquired a comprehensive understanding of the deformation occurring in the study area, specifically in the roads where subsidence is persistently taking place. The data has demonstrated its value in enhancing our understanding of the safety status of infrastructure and facilitating maintenance actions. The accuracy of the radar interferometry results was confirmed through the use of in situ methods, including Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), smart phone, and unmanned aerial vehicle. This approach has demonstrated its capability to consistently detect vertical displacement in critical areas of roads. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the PSI interferometry and the in situ measurements when absolute values are taken into consideration. The findings of this study also demonstrate that open-source solutions are more effective, which encompass freely available data and software, offered through the COPERNICUS program, possess significant potential for monitoring vertical displacements in roads.
Odour preferred males led to a higher offspring number in the common vole
Authors: Bílková Pavlína , Vlček Jakub , Cvetković Tijana , Štefka Jan , Sedláček František
Published: March 2024

Very recently, an interesting phenomenon was described in the common vole; vole parents with similar locomotor ability produced significantly larger litters. Positive assortative mating is a tendency to prefer individuals with similar phenotypes. We tested whether this also applies to smell similarity. Odour preference was tested in a T-maze, where each female was presented with two male odours, i.e. shavings together with feces and urine from home boxes. After female preference was established, the female was either paired with a preferred male (chosen) or paired with a non-preferred male (opposite choice). For analysis of the relationship to odour preference, genotyping of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II DRB was done using amplicon sequencing. In the set of 45 individuals from two populations, we recovered 38 nucleotide haplotypes (alleles). Similarity of alleles in parent pairs according to the indexes of Sørensen–Dice (S–D) and Jaccard were calculated. Values of these indexes in parental pairs with preferred males were significantly higher (more similar) than in not preferred. The number of offspring in parental pairs with preferred males were significantly higher than in not preferred males. However, there is no correlation between the mentioned indexes and the number of offspring. The relationship between the success of reproduction and alleles is not clear-cut, this may be influenced by the measure of similarity we used, or by something that we could not detect.
The nexus of global challenges and global studies: a trans-disciplinary global sustainability science curriculum
Authors: Wittmann Veronika , Meissner Dieter
Published: March 2024

The size and number of global threats to humanity’s at least cultural survival on the very small blue planet of Earth is growing. Exponential population growth and additionally exponential growth of all kinds of consumption have led to the planet’s limits finally being exceeded in the final quarter of the last century. Meanwhile this growth has already probably generated irreversible changes in the world which have brought or will bring the climate very soon beyond “tipping points” leading to “runaway effects”, endangering mankind or at least its cultural achievements. Science and education need to provide pathways for survival and the design of a sustainable future, and thereby replace having to deal with short-term and small problems by tackling these global threats. This paper discusses these issues, underlines the significance of global studies and outlines approaches to the design of a trans-disciplinary global sustainability science curriculum.