bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Productivity and Economic Sustainability of Banana Cultivation under Diverse Colored Plastic Mulches in Western Maharashtra Region of India
Authors: Paradkar Vinayak , Firake N. N. , Gorantiwar S. D. , Singh Awani Kumar
Published: October 2023

Aims: Banana is a heavy feeder of the nutrients. It is therefore, essential to study the crop with respect to color plastic mulches and irrigation scheduling. In this study, the effect of various colored plastic mulches on the growth and quality parameters of banana crop along with its economic feasibility was assessed.

Study Design: This experiment followed a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with nine treatments (T1 to T9), each with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra for the period of one year (crop cycle of banana).

Methodology: Different color plastic mulches in combination with varying irrigation schedule were evaluated for growth and yield of banana crop. Various growth parameters of banana crop, yield, micrometeorological parameters, water use efficiency and cost economics of banana production were evaluated for the different treatments.

Results: The highest banana yield recorded was 84.45 tons per hectare, and this was achieved using silver-black plastic mulch in conjunction with daily drip irrigation set at 48% of the Pan Evaporation (Ep) rate, referred to as treatment T3. Treatment T3 led to 37% increase in banana yield compared to surface irrigation with 1.00 Irrigation Water to Cumulative Pan Evaporation (IW/CPE) ratio (treatment T9). The seasonal water requirement for banana cultivation with treatment T3 amounted to 1015 mm, resulting in an impressive water use efficiency of 83.18 kg ha-1 mm-1. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values exhibited a range from 0.3895 during the initial growth stage of the banana to 0.8918 at the peak growth stage.

Conclusion: From an economic perspective, the utilization of silver-black plastic mulch emerged as the best choice among all treatments, boasting the highest benefit to cost ratio of 2.34 and yielding the maximum net income of ₹ 3, 86,286 per hectare.
Mapeamento Tecnológico das Ferramentas de Gestão para os Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior da Região Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Marcos Henrique de Araujo , Santos Taciana Melo dos , Almeida Eliana Silva de , Escodro Pierre Barnabé
Published: October 2023

Ferramentas de gestão são úteis nos diversos setores da administração pública, reduzindo erros e promovendo celeridade com credibilidade aos processos. Uma boa gestão da proteção intelectual pode trazer investimentos para novas pesquisas. Com o intuito de obter um panorama das ferramentas de gestão da inovação, com foco nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior nordestinas, foi realizada uma pesquisa para mapear os depósitos de proteção de sistemas de gestão de propriedade intelectual e inovação tecnológica na base do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial e por meio da Lei de Acesso à informação, Lei n. 12.527/2011. Já, para entender a maturidade dos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica (NIT) quanto a ferramentas computacionais de gestão, foi realizada a busca dessas ferramentas. Com a pesquisa concluiu-se que, apesar de poucas instituições do nordeste usarem esse tipo de ferramenta, estas carecem de funcionalidades para apoiar as demandas dos NITs, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas para gestão e monitoramento da propriedade Intelectual.
Prospecção Tecnológica sobre Antissépticos Bucais Sólidos
Authors: Crivelari Mylene Lopes , Moreira Isadora Carvalho Novaes , Lacerda Douglas Pessoa , Leite Mateus Freire
Published: October 2023

O uso de antissépticos orais tem se consolidado como um importante recurso na higiene bucal. Sabe-se que a cavidade oral é colonizada por inúmeras bactérias que vivem em equilíbrio. Um antisséptico bucal contendo diferentes insumos pode eliminar uma ampla gama de microrganismos ao interromper a parede celular e inibir sua atividade enzimática. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo prospectivo sobre antissépticos bucais sólidos. A base patentária Questel IP Business Intelligence Orbit.com v1.9.8 foi usada para identificar e quantificar tecnologias nesse campo de cosméticos. O primeiro registro de depósitos de patentes ocorreu em 1964 e, desde então, vários países se configuraram como depositantes, como China e EUA. A multinacional americana Colgate Palmolive é a que detém o maior número de patentes concedidas e a que mais investiu nesse produto entre os anos de 2000 e 2019. Os resultados desta pesquisa podem gerar novas oportunidades de inovação industrial nessa área.
Potencial Estratégico do Feijão-Caupi como Ingrediente para Alimentos Plant-Based
Authors: Oliveira Jeudys Araújo de , Caselli Francisco de Tarso Ribeiro , Pinheiro Helano Diógenes
Published: October 2023

Grãos de feijão-caupi possuem altos níveis de proteínas, fibras, ferro e zinco, o que lhes confere um excelente potencial nutricional para o desenvolvimento de alimentos plant-based, geralmente veganos, feitos à base de plantas como uma opção aos produtos de origem animal. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi obter informações sobre a cultura do feijão-caupi no Brasil e no mundo, assim como sobre o desenvolvimento de alimentos plant-based nos últimos anos. Os resultados indicam que a maioria das formulações que utilizam pulses é constituída de ervilhas, grãos-de-bico e favas, mas pouquíssimas têm utilizado o feijão-caupi, o que configura uma grande oportunidade estratégica para essa cultura nesse tipo de tecnologia de alimentos. Além disso, os resultados evidenciam uma acelerada tendência de crescimento no desenvolvimento de tecnologias do setor de alimentos plant-based, acompanhada de fortes investimentos por parte das principais indústrias do setor.
Análise da Viabilidade da Obtenção de Registro de Indicação Geográfica (IG) para Pedra-Sabão na Região de Ouro Preto
Authors: Couto Silmara Cássia Pereira , Cestarolli Dane Tadeu , Guerra Elidia Maria
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho buscou investigar a possibilidade de registrar uma Indicação Geográfica (IG) para pedra-sabão, na região de Ouro Preto, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Foi feita uma conceituação da propriedade industrial, sua influência no desenvolvimento da região em que é reconhecida e um levantamento sobre quais leis e órgão são os competentes para outorgar uma IG. Por meio de estudos sobre a tradicionalidade, a qualidade e a tipicidade da pedra-sabão, levantou-se dados que traduzissem as potencialidades da região em se tornar uma IG. Com uma pesquisa documental, foi possível discutir e verificar a viabilidades e os entraves para o registro de uma indicação de procedência na região.
Is There a Need for Palliative Care for Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction?
Authors: Godfrey Sarah , Pandey Ambarish , Warraich Haider J.
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint discusses palliative care for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Generation of a Melanoma and Nevus Data Set From Unstandardized Clinical Photographs on the Internet
Authors: Cho Soo Ick , Navarrete-Dechent Cristian , Daneshjou Roxana , Cho Hye Soo , Chang Sung Eun , Kim Seong Hwan , Na Jung-Im , Han Seung Seog
Published: October 2023

Importance

Artificial intelligence (AI) training for diagnosing dermatologic images requires large amounts of clean data. Dermatologic images have different compositions, and many are inaccessible due to privacy concerns, which hinder the development of AI.

Objective

To build a training data set for discriminative and generative AI from unstandardized internet images of melanoma and nevus.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this diagnostic study, a total of 5619 (CAN5600 data set) and 2006 (CAN2000 data set; a manually revised subset of CAN5600) cropped lesion images of either melanoma or nevus were semiautomatically annotated from approximately 500 000 photographs on the internet using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), region-based CNNs, and large mask inpainting. For unsupervised pretraining, 132 673 possible lesions (LESION130k data set) were also created with diversity by collecting images from 18 482 websites in approximately 80 countries. A total of 5000 synthetic images (GAN5000 data set) were generated using the generative adversarial network (StyleGAN2-ADA; training, CAN2000 data set; pretraining, LESION130k data set).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for determining malignant neoplasms was analyzed. In each test, 1 of the 7 preexisting public data sets (total of 2312 images; including Edinburgh, an SNU subset, Asan test, Waterloo, 7-point criteria evaluation, PAD-UFES-20, and MED-NODE) was used as the test data set. Subsequently, a comparative study was conducted between the performance of the EfficientNet Lite0 CNN on the proposed data set and that trained on the remaining 6 preexisting data sets.

Results

The EfficientNet Lite0 CNN trained on the annotated or synthetic images achieved higher or equivalent mean (SD) AUROCs to the EfficientNet Lite0 trained using the pathologically confirmed public data sets, including CAN5600 (0.874 [0.042]; P = .02), CAN2000 (0.848 [0.027]; P = .08), and GAN5000 (0.838 [0.040]; P = .31 [Wilcoxon signed rank test]) and the preexisting data sets combined (0.809 [0.063]) by the benefits of increased size of the training data set.

Conclusions and Relevance

The synthetic data set in this diagnostic study was created using various AI technologies from internet images. A neural network trained on the created data set (CAN5600) performed better than the same network trained on preexisting data sets combined. Both the annotated (CAN5600 and LESION130k) and synthetic (GAN5000) data sets could be shared for AI training and consensus between physicians.
Climate Change and Mental Health—Time to Act Now
Authors: Cuijpers Pim , Kumar Manasi , Karyotaki Eirini
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the lack of research on the impact of climate events on mental health, climate change–related inequalities in low- and middle-income countries, and the immediate need to act now.
Combined Arterial and Venous Lower Extremity Injury
Authors: Grigorian Areg , Kabutey Nii-Kabu , de Virgilio Christian , Lekawa Michael , Schubl Sebastian , Martin Matthew , Nahmias Jeffry
Published: October 2023

This case-control study assesses the need for prophylactic fasciotomy and delayed fasciotomy in combined arterial and venous injury compared with those with isolated artery or vein injury.
A Tale of Two Presidential Addresses
Authors: Varghese Thomas K. , Backhus Leah M. , Dimick Justin B.
Published: October 2023

The Viewpoint discusses the lessons learned from 2 recent societal presidential addresses and what it means to be a leader in surgery.
Prophylactic Salpingo-Oophorectomy and Survival After BRCA1/2 Breast Cancer Resection
Authors: Martelli Gabriele , Barretta Francesco , Vernieri Claudio , Folli Secondo , Pruneri Giancarlo , Segattini Silvia , Trapani Anna , Carolla Claudia , Spatti Gianbattista , Miceli Rosalba , Ferraris Cristina
Published: October 2023

Importance

Few studies have investigated whether prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy (PSO) for patients with previously resected breast cancer who carry pathogenic germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants is associated with a reduced risk of cancer-specific death.

Objective

To assess the association of PSO and prophylactic mastectomy (PM) with prognosis after quadrantectomy or mastectomy as primary treatment for patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 breast cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study was performed in a single-institution, tertiary referral center. Consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer treated surgically between 1972 and 2019 were recruited and followed up prospectively after they were found to carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene variant. The data analysis was performed between April 2022 and July 2023.

Exposure

Following breast surgery, some patients underwent PSO, PM, or both, whereas others did not.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary study end point was overall survival as measured by the Kaplan-Meier method. Secondary end points were crude cumulative incidence of breast cancer–specific mortality, ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), contralateral breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and ovarian cancer–specific mortality.

Results

Of 480 patients included in the cohort (median age at initial surgery, 40.0 years; IQR, 34.0-46.0 years), PSO was associated with a significantly reduced risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% CI, 0.25-0.64; P < .001). This reduction was most evident for patients carrying the BRCA1 variant (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20-0.63; P = .001), those with triple-negative disease (HR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09-0.46; P = .002), and those with invasive ductal carcinoma (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31-0.84; P = .008). Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy was not associated with risk of contralateral breast cancer or IBTR. Initial or delayed PM was associated with a reduced risk of IBTR but not with overall survival or breast cancer–specific mortality.

Conclusions

The study findings suggest that PSO should be offered to all patients with BRCA1/2 breast cancer who undergo surgery with curative intent to reduce risk of death. In particular, PSO should be offered to patients with the BRCA1 variant at the time of breast surgery.
Markerless dynamic tumor tracking (MDTT) radiotherapy using diaphragm as a surrogate for liver targets
Authors: Rostamzadeh Maryam , Thomas Steven , Camborde Marie‐Laure , Karan Tania , Liu Mitchell , Ma Roy , Mestrovic Ante , Gill Bradford , Tai Isaac , Bergman Alanah
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To assess the feasibility of using the diaphragm as a surrogate for liver targets during MDTT.

Methods

Diaphragm as surrogate for markers: a dome‐shaped phantom with implanted markers was fabricated and underwent dual‐orthogonal fluoroscopy sequences on the Vero4DRT linac. Ten patients participated in an IRB‐approved, feasibility study to assess the MDTT workflow. All images were analyzed using an in‐house program to back‐project the diaphragm/markers position to the isocenter plane. ExacTrac imager log files were analyzed. Diaphragm as tracking structure for MDTT: The phantom “diaphragm” was contoured as a markerless tracking structure (MTS) and exported to Vero4DRT/ExacTrac. A single field plan was delivered to the phantom film plane under static and MDTT conditions. In the patient study, the diaphragm tracking structure was contoured on CT breath‐hold‐exhale datasets. The MDTT workflow was applied until just prior to MV beam‐on.

Results

Diaphragm as surrogate for markers: phantom data confirmed the in‐house 3D back‐projection program was functioning as intended. In patients, the diaphragm/marker relative positions had a mean ± RMS difference of 0.70 ± 0.89, 1.08 ± 1.26, and 0.96 ± 1.06 mm in ML, SI, and AP directions. Diaphragm as tracking structure for MDTT: Building a respiratory‐correlation model using the diaphragm as surrogate for the implanted markers was successful in phantom/patients. During the tracking verification imaging step, the phantom mean ± SD difference between the image‐detected and predicted “diaphragm” position was 0.52 ± 0.18 mm. The 2D film gamma (2%/2 mm) comparison (static to MDTT deliveries) was 98.2%. In patients, the mean difference between the image‐detected and predicted diaphragm position was 2.02 ± 0.92 mm. The planning target margin contribution from MDTT diaphragm tracking is 2.2, 5.0, and 4.7 mm in the ML, SI, and AP directions.

Conclusion

In phantom/patients, the diaphragm motion correlated well with markers’ motion and could be used as a surrogate. MDTT workflows using the diaphragm as the MTS is feasible using the Vero4DRT linac and could replace the need for implanted markers for liver radiotherapy.
Trade‐Off Between Efficiency and Stability of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dot‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes by Optimized Passivation Ligands for Br/Pb
Authors: Li Mingyang , Wang Jindi , Yao Jisong , Wang Shalong , Xu Leimeng , Song Jizhong
Published: October 2023

Although significant progress has been made in improving the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of perovskite quantum dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), understanding the degradation mechanism and enhancing stability remain a challenge. Herein,  increasing the content of Br‐based passivation ligands is shown to enhance the EQE up to 16.1% by reducing the defects of CsPbBr3 QDs in a Br‐rich environment. However, the operational lifetimes of perovskite QLEDs gradually decrease with the increase of halide content, owing to the intensified ion migration under continuous electric field confirmed by the current behavior of QLEDs and time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the relationship between electricity and luminance of QLEDs suggests that a small amount of residue oleic acid ligands could weaken ion migration. Accordingly, a halide‐ and acid‐hybrid (HAH) co‐passivation strategy is proposed to optimize the content of Br‐ and acid‐based ligands, and achieve a maximum EQE of 18.6% and an operational lifetime (T50, extrapolated) of 213 h for CsPbBr3 QLEDs. This approach for passivating QDs combines the high efficiency of Br‐based ligands with the improved stability of acid‐based ligands. The study elucidates the correlation between ligands and device performance, highlighting the significance of two or even multiple ligands for efficient and stable perovskite QLEDs.
Femtosecond‐Laser‐Direct‐Writing Micro‐Scale Soft Actuators with Controllable Shape Morphing
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Yunlong , Geng Jiao , Hu Zhiming , Liu Fengjiang , Shi Liping , Lv Jiu‐an , Qiu Min
Published: October 2023

Micro‐scale soft actuators with controllable shape‐morphing are the focus of advanced technological fields, ranging from advancing sensing, industrial robotics, and digital manufacturing to medical devices. Particularly, there is a growing interest in the scientific community to leverage liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) to fabricate such soft actuators, because LCPs can offer reversible, programmable deformations under external stimuli. However, pattern micromachining of LCPs into micro‐scale remains a daunting challenge. Herein, a femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) method for cross‐linked LCP (CLCP) microstructure construction is reported that enables arbitrary pattern machining with a minimum size of 40 µm and average heat‐affected zone (HAZ) below 8 µm through optimization of processing parameters. Light‐driven behaviors of CLCP microstructures are systematically characterized through analyzing the effects of film thickness, length‐width ratio, light irradiation time, incident angle, light intensity, and cutting direction on bending and twisting behaviors. Finally, a light‐driven micromirror system is demonstrated, which can achieve not only a controllable swing but also a rotation of the mirror surface with a maximum scanning frequency of ≈2 Hz.
Ultrasonic‐Assisted Freeze‐Drying for Polyimide/Carboxylated MWCNTs Aerogel Sensor with Excellent Aging Sensing Performance
Authors: Liu Jinming , Weng Ling , Zhang Xiaorui , Wu Zijian
Published: October 2023

Along with the rapid development of science and technology, the new demand for flexible strain sensors have been put forward in the field of aerospace and other sophisticated exploration areas. Meanwhile, the high temperature generated during the launch of the aerospace aircraft presents new challenges. The existing high temperature resistant sensors are limited in further development by their inherent defects (stability, high processing costs, etc.). A flexible strain sensor with high‐temperature sensing capability is urgently needed. Therefore, the composite polyimide aerogel flexible strain sensor is prepared by ultrasonic‐assisted freeze‐drying method and thermal imidization. Characterizing the structure and sensing performance of the polyimide/carboxylated MWCNTs (PI/CNTs) composite aerogel, the tunneling effect is innovatively introduced to theoretically calculate the parameters in the sensing path. The prepared composite sensor has a high sensitivity (5.34), a fast response time (187 ms), and long‐term cycling stability (1000 cycles). The composite aerogel sensor, which has undergone high temperature aging, still has good sensing performance. It can be used for sensing under extreme conditions, for example, the peripheral electronic devices of aerial probes are used to sense and detect external deformation or withstand pressure conditions.
Recent Advance in Stretchable Self‐Powered Piezoelectric Sensors: Trends, Challenges, and Solutions
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Xinxing
Published: October 2023

Emerging piezoelectric technologies have promoted the development of self‐powered sensing systems by addressing the power supply issue of wearable electronics, offering fascinating prospects in Internet of Things. Despite tremendous progress in stretchability, there remain a lot of urgent and unmet needs for stretchable self‐powered piezoelectric sensors toward real‐world applications: (i) lack of practicability due to the low sensitivity in the stretching mode; (ii) self‐healing ability after mechanical damage to enhance device sustainability and durability; (iii) requirements of biocompatibility as electronics attach to human body. In this review, the trends, challenges, and solutions in elastomer‐based stretchable self‐powered piezoelectric sensors, focusing on their material design and fabricating strategy for high sensitivity, self‐healing ability, and biocompatibility is introduced. The structure‐property relationships of these novel strategies and their emerging applications is discussed and highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives for the development of stretchable self‐powered piezoelectric sensors are presented.
Biaxially Stretchable Active‐Matrix Micro‐LED Display with Liquid Metal Interconnects
Authors: Park Chanju , Kim Junyeong , Lee Heonbang , Lee Junmi , Islam Md Mobaidul , Jeong Hansol , Jang Jin
Published: October 2023

A stretchable active‐matrix (AM) display is a next‐generation display that breaks away from displaying limited information on flat and curved screens. However, the implementation of stretchable displays requires much more complex fabrication processes and meticulous efforts compared to traditional flat/curved displays. Here, the biaxially stretchable AM micro‐light emitting diode (LED) display on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with liquid metal (LM) interconnects is reported. The pixel islands consisting of oxide TFTs and micro‐LEDs, which are fabricated on the polyimide (PI) substrate, are formed through green laser cutting and transfer to the PDMS substrate. LM interconnects integrate on the pixel island and PDMS by a lift‐off process. The oxide TFTs and micro‐LEDs comprising the 2T1C (2 TFT + 1 capacitor) pixel circuit on the PI island, along with LM interconnects, demonstrate stable electrical characteristics even under a relaxed state as well as when biaxially stretched up to 24%. For 24% stretching of display pixels with the same ratio of PI island and LM interconnects, the LM interconnects operate at 48% stretching. The combination of pixel island array and LM interconnects successfully demonstrates the implementation of a two‐axis stretchable display capable of displaying characters of “A”, “D”, “R”, and “C” through AM driving.
High and Balanced Bipolar‐Transporting Deep‐Blue HLCT Material for Efficient Monochrome and White OLEDs based on a Simple Phenanthroimidazole‐Dibenzothiophene Derivative
Authors: Lv Jichen , Song Shuping , Li Jie , Peng Ling , Li Yuanzhao , Liu Yuchao , Ma Dongge , Ying Shian , Yan Shouke
Published: October 2023

The irreconcilable contradiction between wide bandgap and charge carriers injection/transport in deep‐blue organic electroluminescence materials is one of the largest bottlenecks restricting the development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, a multifunctional deep‐blue hybridized local and charge‐transfer material containing a phenanthroimidazole‐dibenzothiophene derivative that can act as an emitter as well as a host for phosphorescent OLEDs is reported. Owing to its high and balanced bipolar‐transporting ability, remarkable fluorescence efficiency, and suitable triplet energy level, the deep‐blue device with it as a neat emitter provides an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.68%, while yellow and red phosphorescent OLEDs offer the EQEs of 25.35% and 22.19%, respectively. All of them exhibit low‐efficiency roll‐off characteristics. What's more amazing is that the fluorescent/phosphorescent hybrid white OLEDs achieve high power efficiencies and EQEs over 95.9 lm W−1 and 26.8%, and the values are still higher than 77.7 lm W−1 and 25.6% at the high luminance of 1000 cd m−2.
Dual‐Mode Polarization Control with Quasi‐Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Fagiani Luca , Bolzonello Luca , Osmond Johann , de Ceglia Domenico , van Hulst Niek , Bollani Monica , Vincenti Maria Antonietta
Published: October 2023

Full control of light polarization is one of the most sought‐after functionalities in nanophotonics since it allows the replacement of bulky optical components like wave retarders. Here, the study reports the theoretical and experimental demonstration of an ultra‐compact dual‐mode frequency selective polarization controller that leverages the topological features of symmetry protected quasi‐bound states in the continuum (q‐BICs) supported by a silicon‐based nanostructure. Thanks to q‐BIC resonances, arbitrarily polarized incoming light can be converted into linearly polarized light without resorting to the local phase tuning mechanisms that characterize optical metasurfaces. Moreover, the dual‐mode operating regime allows to select the transmitted polarization without modifying the device orientation, therefore overtaking the concept of the wire grid polarizer. The experimental findings show that the proposed meta‐polarizer possesses an extinction ratio of ≈40 dB for two linear cross‐polarization excitations. These results pave the way for a novel class of ultra‐compact devices that can be used to compensate unwanted birefringence in optical fibers or to control polarization in complex media environments.
Enhanced Hole Injection in Blue Quantum‐Dot Light‐emitting Diodes Utilizing Dual Hole Injection Layer of PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2Tx
Authors: Liang Shanshan , Wang Yunqi , Qi Hui , Wang Shujie , Du Zuliang
Published: October 2023

The low hole injection efficiency severely constrains the operational capability of blue quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). Constructing the structure of stepped energy levels is an effective approach to enhance the hole injection efficiency. Here, the dual hole injection structure is fabricated through the introduction of Ti3C2Tx film, in which its function is modulated by controlling the size of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. Benefitting from a matched Fermi energy of Ti3C2Tx film, the Ti3C2Tx‐modified devices achieve a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.89%, exhibiting a 67% increase compared to the reference devices with an EQE of 9.72%. The enhanced EQE can be attributed to the reduced energy barrier between indium tin oxide (ITO) and PEDOT:PSS, resulting from the incorporation of a Ti3C2Tx hole injection layer. In addition, the Ti3C2Tx layer effectively avoids the corrosion of the ITO electrode by acidic PEDOT:PSS, thereby enhancing the electrical stability of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS interface. The results provide a new approach to realize the high‐performance blue QLEDs devices.
Reflective Full‐Color Structural Colors with High Brightness and High Purity Based on Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 Chalcogenide Film
Authors: Duan Zhenzhen , Chen Weijie , He Zexiang , Yang Jian , Wang Dan , Hu Zexiong , Wang Ning , Chen Nan , Bu Yikun
Published: October 2023

This study proposes a general strategy for constructing an asymmetric Fabry–Perot structure based on an ultra‐thin composite absorber, Ni/Ge2Sb2Se4Te1, to produce reflective full‐color structural colors with high brightness and purity. The composite absorber effectively enhances the strong interference effect of thin film, which can significantly reduce the reflection bandwidth of the target band and the reflectivity of the non‐target band. Under the premise of optimizing the five‐layer base structure, full‐color structural colors can be tuned by only changing the thickness of the LaTiO3 layer. Using the ion‐assisted electron beam evaporation technique, a simple and efficient film deposition process, six color devices (namely red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple) are successfully prepared with reflection peaks exceeding 90%. The chromaticity coordinates of the proposed high‐purity red, green, and blue (RGB) samples are (0.554, 0.339), (0.280, 0.600), and (0.164, 0.075), respectively. These coordinates are fairly close to the standard RGB color coordinates used in liquid crystal displays. This device has a simple structure with a novel material combination and a low production cost, which makes it feasible for mass production using just one coating run process. It has excellent application potential in various fields such as micro‐nano displays, anti‐counterfeiting measures, reflective color filters, and decorations.
Conjugate Aminocyclization Catalyzed by a Bismuthinidene
Authors: Mato Mauro , Wang Feng , Cornella Josep
Published: October 2023

We disclose how an N,C,N‐bismuthinidene is able to promote an intramolecular conjugate amination that affords cyclic carbamates in 91–97% yields. The reaction proceeds at room temperature in short reaction times, requiring a remarkably low loading of a bismuth(I) complex (0.1 mol%) without the need of an additional Brønsted base. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction takes place through a polar pathway involving the conjugate addition of the nucleophilic bismuthinidene, followed by an intramolecular aza‐Michael reaction.
Balancing Adsorption, Catalysis, and Desorption in Cathode Catalyst For Li–S Batteries
Authors: Zhang Wei , Pan Hui , Han Ning , Feng Shihui , Zhang Xuan , Guo Wei , Tan Pingping , Xie Sijie , Zhou Zhenyu , Ma Qianru , Guo Xiaolong , Vlad Alexandru , Wübbenhorst Michael , Luo Jiangshui , Fransaer Jan
Published: October 2023

The complicated electrochemical catalytic conversion process of polysulfides in metal–sulfur batteries involves three steps: adsorption, catalysis, and desorption process. Even as huge efforts are made for the understanding of the separate steps (especially for the adsorption and catalysis process), research focusing on the entire process is still scarce. Herein, a series of cobalt phosphides (CoP, CoP2, and CoP3) is employed with identical hollow morphology as model electrocatalysts to investigate the significance of the desorption process and discuss the balancing among the adsorption, catalysis, and desorption of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). The experimental data demonstrate that, compared to CoP and CoP3, CoP2 exhibits moderate adsorption of LiPSs, which enhances the reduction kinetics of S8 to Li2S and regulates the desorption of short‐chain LiPSs. Theoretical calculations further confirm that CoP2 with moderate adsorption of LiPSs exhibits better redox kinetics of LiPSs compared to CoP and CoP3. Moderate adsorption enables the CoP2‐based sulfur cathode to deliver excellent stability with 86% capacity retention (2.6 and 2.0 times higher than CoP and CoP3, respectively) over 1000 cycles at 1 C. All these results indicate that in the adsorption‐catalysis‐desorption chain for LiPSs, all steps need to be considered rather than just focusing on one step of the process.
Surface Cleaning and Passivation Strategy for Durable Inverted Formamidinium–Cesium Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Kongxiang , Zhang Chenhui , Liu Siyu , Guan Xiang , Liang Chunjun , Chen Chun‐Chao , Xie Fengxian
Published: October 2023

Formamidinium‐cesium triiodide (FAxCs1‐xPbI3) perovskite exhibits excellent phase stability, making it the most promising candidate for commercial perovskite solar cell (PSC) applications, particularly those with inverted structures present a promising contribution to the field of perovskite production. However, this composition often forms small grain sizes and has a large number of defects and PbI2 residues on its surface, which can damage device performance. In this study, a post‐surface engineering strategy called the “clean‐passivation” method is proposed to address the interfacial problem between the perovskite and the electron transport layer (ETL). This method significantly reduces surface and grain boundary defects and eliminates unreacted PbI2, resulting in suppressed iodine decomposition and ion migration during operation. As a result, an excellent power conversion efficiency of 24.27% with superior stability is achieved, as the unencapsulated device maintains 97.12% of its initial efficiency after 1500 h of continuous light soaking. Furthermore, this new surface clean‐passivate strategy can be universally applied to other typical perovskite compositions.
Effect of multi‐tactic weed management on weed suppression and yield in the establishment year of intermediate wheatgrass
Authors: Menalled Uriel D. , Pelzer Christopher J. , DiTommaso Antonio , Ryan Matthew R.
Published: October 2023

Intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey] (IWG) is a new perennial grain crop that can be harvested for multiple years. However, IWG grows slower than annual grain crops and is relatively uncompetitive with weeds during its establishment. Using multiple weed management tactics is a foundational principle of ecological weed management that can lead to synergistic interactions between tactics. Red clover intercropping, cultivation, and mowing—applied in isolation and all possible combinations—were assessed in a field experiment conducted at two sites in the northeastern United States. No single tactic or combination of tactics suppressed weeds relative to an untreated control. Likewise, there were no synergistic interactions between weed management tactics, indicating that the multi‐tactic treatments did not reduce weed biomass more than expected from the performance of each single‐tactic treatment in isolation. The lack of weed suppression across treatments likely contributed to their null to negative effect on IWG yield. Additionally, the competition from intercropping and the crop damage from cultivation and mowing may have reduced weed suppression and yield benefits. Although more research is needed to improve weed management in establishment year IWG, the experimental and analytical approach used here provides a framework that can be applied in other systems for evaluating the effects of multi‐tactic weed management and testing for synergistic interactions.
Thin‐film flow technology in controlling the organization of materials and their properties
Authors: Chuah Clarence , Luo Xuan , Tavakoli Javad , Tang Youhong , Raston Colin L.
Published: October 2023

Centrifugal and shear forces are produced when solids or liquids rotate. Rotary systems and devices that use these forces, such as dynamic thin‐film flow technology, are evolving continuously, improve material structure‐property relationships at the nanoscale, representing a rapidly thriving and expanding field of research high with green chemistry metrics, consolidated at the inception of science. The vortex fluidic device (VFD) provides many advantages over conventional batch processing, with fluidic waves causing high shear and producing large surface areas for micro‐mixing as well as rapid mass and heat transfer, enabling reactions beyond diffusion control. Combining these abilities allows for a green and innovative approach to altering materials for various research and industry applications by controlling small‐scale flows and regulating molecular and macromolecular chemical reactivity, self‐organization phenomena, and the synthesis of novel materials. This review highlights the aptitude of the VFD as clean technology, with an increase in efficiency for a diversity of top‐down, bottom‐up, and novel material transformations which benefit from effective vortex‐based processing to control material structure‐property relationships.
Toward automatic generation of control structures for process flow diagrams with large language models
Authors: Hirtreiter Edwin , Schulze Balhorn Lukas , Schweidtmann Artur M.
Published: October 2023

Developing Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) is a crucial step during process development. We propose a data‐driven method for the prediction of control structures. Our methodology is inspired by end‐to‐end transformer‐based human language translation models. We cast the control structure prediction as a translation task where Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) without control structures are translated to PFDs with control structures. We represent the topology of PFDs as strings using the SFILES 2.0 notation. We pretrain our model using generated PFDs to learn the grammatical structure. Thereafter, the model is fine‐tuned leveraging transfer learning on real PFDs. The model achieved a top‐5 accuracy of 74.8% on 10,000 generated PFDs and 89.2% on 100,000 generated PFDs. These promising results show great potential for AI‐assisted process engineering. The tests on a dataset of 312 real PFDs indicate the need for a larger PFD dataset for industry applications and hybrid artificial intelligence solutions.
Aging varies greatly within a single genus: A demographic study of Rhododendron spp. in botanic gardens
Authors: Baden H. Maria , Colchero Fernando , Cubey Rob , Dahlgren Johan P.
Published: October 2023

Premise

There is mounting evidence that age matters in plant demography, but also indications that relationships between age and demographic rates may vary significantly among species. Age‐based plant demographic data, however, are time‐consuming to collect and still lacking for most species, and little is known about general patterns across species or what may drive differences.

Methods

We used individual birth and death records for 12 Rhododendron species from botanic gardens and conducted Bayesian survival trajectory analyses to assess how mortality changed with age. We calculated the demographic measures of aging rate, life‐span equality, and life expectancy for each species, and assessed their relationships with the climatic conditions at species’ sites of ancestral origin and with taxonomic group (subgenus).

Results

We found substantial among‐species variation in survival trajectories, with mortality increasing, decreasing, or remaining constant with advancing age. Moreover, we found no relationships between demographic measures and ancestral climatic conditions but there were statistically significant differences among taxonomic groups in the rate of change in mortality with age (aging rate).

Conclusions

We conclude that demographic consequences of aging can differ qualitatively, even among species in the same genus. In addition, taxonomic trends in aging rates indicate they may be genetically determined, though evolutionary drivers are still unclear. Furthermore, we suggest there is untapped potential in using botanic garden records in future studies on plant life history.
The role of occupation in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection within a Brazilian municipality: A test‐negative case‐control study
Authors: Menezes Fabrício dos Santos , Garcia Leila Posenato , Maeno Maria , Prearo Leandro Campi , Toporcov Tatiana Natasha , Algranti Eduardo
Published: October 2023

Objective

To investigate the association between occupation and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infections within a Brazilian municipality.

Methods

In this test‐negative study, cases and controls were randomly selected among individuals aged 18−65 years that were registered in a primary health care program in São Caetano do Sul, Brazil. Those who had collected samples for RT‐PCR testing between April 2020 and May 2021 were randomly selected to compose the case (positive for SARS‐CoV‐2) and control (negative for SARS‐CoV‐2) groups, frequency‐matched by sex, age group, and month of sample collection. Complementary data were collected through phone interviews. We estimated the residual effect of occupation on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection using multiple conditional logistic regression models incrementally adjusted for confounding variables.

Results

1724 cases and 1741 controls who reported being at work at the time of RT‐PCR collection were included. Cases were mainly females (52.9%), Whites/Asians (73.3%), and unvaccinated against COVID‐19 (46.6%). Compared to other university‐level professionals, the highest odds of having COVID‐19 were found for workers in police and protective services (odds ratio [OR] 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27−3.84), healthcare and caregiving (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.34−2.68), and food retail and production (OR 1.88; 95% CI = 1.14−3.11), after adjustment for age, sex, education, means of transport, household crowding, and COVID‐19 vaccination.

Conclusion

Occupation played an important role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Food retail and production, health care and caregiving, and police and protective services showed the highest odds of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Photoswitchable and Reversible Fluorescent Eutectogels for Conformal Information Encryption
Authors: Li Changchun , Liu Jize , Qiu Xiaoyan , Yang Xin , Huang Xin , Zhang Xinxing
Published: October 2023

Smart fluorescent materials that can respond to environmental stimuli are of great importance in the fields of information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. However, traditional fluorescent materials usually face problems such as lack of tunable fluorescence and insufficient surface‐adaptive adhesion, hindering their practical applications. Herein, inspired by the glowing sucker octopus, we present a novel strategy to fabricate a reversible fluorescent eutectogel with high transparency, adhesive and self‐healing performance for conformal information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. Using anthracene as luminescent unit, the eutectogel exhibits photoswitchable fluorescence and can therefore be reversibly written/erased with patterns by non‐contact stimulation. Additionally, different from mechanically irreversible adhesion via glue, the eutectogel can adhere to various irregular substrates over a wide temperature range (−20 to 65 °C) and conformally deform more than 1000 times without peeling off. Furthermore, by exploiting surface‐adaptive adhesion, high transparency and good stretchability of the eutectogel, dual encryption can be achieved under UV and stretching conditions to further improve the security level. This study should provide a promising strategy for the future development of advanced intelligent anti‐counterfeiting materials.
Encapsulation of Palladium Carbide Subnanometric Species in Zeolite Boosts Highly Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Bai Risheng , He Guangyuan , Li Lin , Zhang Tianjun , Li Junyan , Wang Xingxing , Wang Xiumei , Zou Yongcun , Mei Donghai , Corma Avelino , Yu Jihong
Published: October 2023

The selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes is a crucial step in the synthesis of fine chemicals. However, the widely utilized palladium (Pd)‐based catalysts often suffer from poor selectivity. In this work, we demonstrate a carbonization‐reduction method to create palladium carbide subnanometric species within pure silicate MFI zeolite. The carbon species can modify the electronic and steric characteristics of Pd species by forming the predominant Pd−C4 structure and, meanwhile, facilitate the desorption of alkenes by forming the Si−O−C structure with zeolite framework, as validated by the state‐of‐the‐art characterizations and theoretical calculations. The developed catalyst shows superior performance in the selective hydrogenation of alkynes over mild conditions (298 K, 2 bar H2), with 99 % selectivity to styrene at a complete conversion of phenylacetylene. In contrast, the zeolite‐encapsulated carbon‐free Pd catalyst and the commercial Lindlar catalyst show only 15 % and 14 % selectivity to styrene, respectively, under identical reaction conditions. The zeolite‐confined Pd‐carbide subnanoclusters promise their superior properties in semihydrogenation of alkynes.
Advances in wound dressing based on electrospinning nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Wang Yanxin , Gao Zhiyuan , Mao Xinhui , Cheng Jiaxuan , Huang Linjun , Tang Jianguo
Published: October 2023

In recent years, there has been a significant focus on bioactive dressings suitable for treating chronic and acute wounds. Electrospinning nanofibers are considered advanced dressing options due to their high porosity and permeability to air and water, effective barrier properties against external pathogens, and excellent resemblance to the extracellular matrix for wound healing and skin regeneration. This article reviews the recent advancements in the application of electrospinning nanofibers for bioactive wound healing. The review begins with an overview of the wound healing process and electrospinning methods. It then explores the advantages and disadvantages of different synthetic and natural polymers used in the preparation of electrospinning wound dressings. The natural polymers discussed in this review include collagen, gelatin, silk fibroin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and sodium alginate. Additionally, the review delves into commonly used synthetic polymers like polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene lactone, polylactide, and polyurethane for wound dressing applications. Furthermore, the review examines the blending of natural and synthetic polymers to create high‐performance wound dressings. It also explores the incorporation of functional additives, such as antimicrobial agents, growth factors, and natural extracts, into electrospinning nanofibers to expedite wound healing and tissue repair. In conclusion, electrospinning is an emerging technology that provides unique opportunities for designing more effective wound dressings and care products.