bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le continuum oralité/littératie à l’épreuve d’un genre de discours médiatique, l’entretien culturel
Authors: Hong Jing , Masseron Caroline
Published: June 2020

À partir de deux entretiens culturels (les Masterclasses d’Amélie Nothomb et d’Éric Reinhardt), l’article propose de revenir sur le continuum communicationnel (entre oralité et scripturalité), pour en éprouver les paramètres (« les déterminants situationnels et contextuels », Koch & Oesterreicher 2001, p. 586). Le recadrage théorique de la micro- et de la macro-syntaxe, opéré par la Grammaire de la période (Groupe de Fribourg, 2012), offre un modèle d’analyse très efficient si l’on veut dépasser les dichotomies habituelles de la grammaire de phrase et de la pragmatique ou de l’analyse du discours. L’article procède à l’analyse de plusieurs extraits de ces entretiens, appliquant le modèle fribourgeois et saisissant la linéarité « paradigmatique » des fragments de discours produits. Les stratégies discursives des deux auteurs mises à jour, l’article conclut en réinterrogeant la belligérance de l’oralité et de la littératie telle qu’elle a pu se manifester chez chaque écrivain.
Le « point d’intrication » : écriture, oralité ; langage écrite et langage parlé dans la littérature de la Caraïbe anglophone
Authors: Birat Kathie
Published: June 2020

Cet article présente une étude des effets d’oralité utilisés par le romancier caribéen (Trinidad), Sam Selvon (2006 [1956]), et cela dans son roman The Lonely Londoners dans la perspective du rôle joué par le rapport écriture/oralité dans l’histoire de la littérature caribéenne. Nous mettons d’abord en évidence l’importance de la littératie dans l’affirmation d’une identité afro-américaine et afro-caribéenne et l’émergence de l’oralité comme réponse à la domination par l’écrit. Ensuite, en nous appuyant sur le modèle du rapport langage écrit/langage parlé proposé par P. Koch et W. Oesterreicher, en particulier la relation entre l’aspect médial et l’aspect conceptionnel, nous analysons la façon dont S. Selvon représente la distinction entre l’oralité comme esthétique et la communication orale comme reflet de la vie réelle et des limites du pouvoir de l’oralité.
À l’école maternelle, une entrée différentiée dans l’écrit entre oralité et littératie
Authors: Richard-Bossez Ariane
Published: June 2020

Dans cet article sont interrogées les activités relatives à l’écrit en maternelle au cours desquelles circulent des opérations relevant à la fois de l’oralité et de la littératie ainsi que la manière dont ces opérations s’articulent, ou non, dans les apprentissages des élèves. Le propos est illustré à partir de données issues d’une centaine d’heures d’observations réalisées lors d’une enquête de terrain de type ethnographique entre décembre 2010 et juin 2011 dans six classes de grande section situées dans des contextes sociaux variés (trois classes en « éducation prioritaire », trois classes « ordinaires ») de la région toulonnaise. Trois dimensions du processus pédagogique sont développées : la présentation des savoirs relatifs à l’écrit par les enseignants ; l’appropriation cognitive de ces savoirs par les élèves ; les interactions entre enseignants et élèves, notamment pour ceux qui n’arrivent pas à saisir les savoirs en jeu sur le registre littératié attendu par l’école. Ce faisant, les différenciations à l’œuvre dans l’apprentissage de l’écrit sont questionnées.
L’atelier slam comme exemple de relation d’interdépendance et de complémentarité entre l’écriture et l’oralité
Authors: Gendron Catherine
Published: June 2020

Les recherches actuelles sur l’oralité en contexte scolaire montrent que celle-ci est le plus souvent envisagée comme étant au service de la lecture et de l’écriture. C’est aussi ce qu’aurait tendance à laisser croire l’appellation « ateliers d’écriture » désignant les ateliers slam, reléguant les compétences orales accompagnant cette activité au rang de secondaires. Or, le slam est justement l’un des lieux qui permettent de penser la relation écriture-oralité de manière différente. En effet, un slam est destiné à être clamé. Il est donc écrit pour être dit et entendu. Par conséquent, l’écriture doit être toute entière dirigée vers la mise en voix et la mise en rythme. Pour autant, si le travail d’écriture est totalement dépendant du message oral à produire, la réciproque est aussi vraie. Parce que le travail d’écriture est une étape indispensable vers la performance orale, cette dernière s’appuie sur un texte écrit pensé et calculé de manière à permettre à la voix et au corps de lui donner vie.Prenant exemple sur des ateliers slam menés en contexte scolaire depuis quelques années, dans cet article, nous proposons de démontrer qu’écriture et oralité sont unies, non pas par une relation de compétition ou d’opposition mais, au contraire, par une relation d’interdépendance et de complémentarité.
Oral et évaluation : se sortir d’une dualité contradictoire ?
Authors: Gagnon Roxane , Bourhis Véronique , Bourdages Rosalie
Published: June 2020

L’évaluation de l’oral demeure un geste complexe pour les enseignant·e·s (Nonnon, 1999). Faute d’outils, les enseignant·e·s font appel à des critères d’évaluation trop généraux ou s’appuient sur les pratiques d’évaluation de l’écrit. Nous proposons de considérer les questions soulevées par l’évaluation de la production orale des élèves à l’école primaire en étudiant le couple oralité–évaluation à travers le prisme de la production de récits inventés performés oralement. Dans le cadre d’une recherche fondée sur la pratique (design-based research), nous avons élaboré et testé une séquence didactique et les outils qui l’accompagnent avec un groupe d’enseignant·e·s. Une grille d’évaluation, qui articule les dimensions génériques du genre de texte narratif et les dimensions spécifiques de l’oral, y a été testée. La réflexion sur les apports et les limites de l’usage de la grille pour évaluer des productions d’élèves permet de repenser le rapport entre oralité et littératie, en posant notamment la question de la prise en compte du destinataire et de l’effet perlocutoire dans l’évaluation de la production orale.
Human capital and the pluralistic governance of the modern firm: The emergence of flattened hierarchies at work
Authors: Chassagnon Virgile , Hollandts Xavier
Published: June 2020

Recent organizational economics literature has shown that agency theory is wrong from a legal standpoint and suggests building a renewed approach to corporate governance in cognitive capitalism. This article invites a rethinking of internal governance within modern firms based on a strong specific human capital. We propose a theoretical framework based on several building blocks from a team production approach in order to exhibit an internal governance structure in firms based on human capital. The article complements the team production model of corporate governance by addressing theoretical and practical issues associated with the development of a legally supported modern internal governance structure, and it is in line with the functioning of firms, which is increasingly based on the pursuit of more democratic and pluralistic governance.JEL Codes : J50, L10, L20, M10, P12
De la transformation numérique rêvée d’une industrie à sa transformation numérique réelle : le cas de l’entretien et de la réparation automobile
Authors: Dutertre Emmanuelle , Jullien Bernard
Published: June 2020

Les transformations numériques que vivent les entreprises depuis quelques années invitent à s’interroger sur les changements qu’elles induisent sur le travail et sur la « construcion sociale et politique » des marchés. Partant du secteur de l’entretien et de la réparation automobile, les auteurs montrent que les réticences dont témoignent certaines entreprises face aux changements induis par le numérique relèvent à la fois de la préservation de leurs qualifications et de la contestation de la capacité de ces outils à traiter la demande sur des marchés situés.Classification JEL : J50, J51, J52, J53, L20, L21, L22, L23, L84, O30, O31, O32, O33.
AUTOMATIC CO-REGISTRATION OF MEG AND 3D DIGITIZATION USING 3D GENERALIZED HOUGH TRANSFORM
Authors: Lin Sheng-Kai , Lo Rong-Chin , Lee Ren-Guey
Published: June 2020

In this study, we propose a new automatic co-registration method for the coordinate systems of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data and third dimension digitizer (3D DIG) data of a head using the 3D generalized Hough transform (GHT) during image processing. The technique is important for the research of brain functionalities; it can be done automatically, and quickly combines data from functional brain mapping tools like MEG and DIG, etc. MEG is a measurement instrument used to noninvasively analyze the physiological activity of neurons with high temporal resolution, but it lacks the head-shape of subjects and head with respect to the MEG sensors. 3D DIG can record head- shape, facial features, and anatomical markers in a 3D coordinate system in real time. Thus, combining the two modalities is beneficial in correlating the obtained brain data with physiological activity. According to much of the research, the GHT is useful for recognizing or locating two 2D images. However, the GHT algorithm can be extended to the 3D GHT to automatically co-register the 3D data. In this study, we use the 3D GHT to co-register three subject datasets with MEG and 3D DIG data, and evaluate the average distance errors between the proposed method and the MEG160 system. Some of the experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed 3D GHT accurately and efficiently.
The Effect of Cooling Method in Parabolic Solar Dish Concentrator
Authors: Nyandang Aneurin Nanggar Anak , Singh Baljit , Remeli Muhammad Fairuz , Bakar Raihan Abu , Oberoi Amandeep
Published: June 2020

Power generation from fossil fuels in the recent years causes pollution to the environment, thus renewable energy must be considered as an alternative. Solar energy comes directly from the sun and harnessing this energy is crucial for a sustainable future. In this research, a parabolic solar dish collector was utilized to harness the solar energy. The parabolic dish was hybridized with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to produce both heat and electricity simultaneously. Since TEG has no moving parts, it requires almost no maintenance, thus making it reliable and robust. This paper presents the experimental investigation performed on the concentrator to convert heat energy from the concentrated solar power using TEGs. The goal of the project was to efficiently generate electricity by using the concentrating dish to concentrate the solar radiation onto the TEG. The TEG was installed on the focal point of the concentrating dish to convert the thermal energy into electricity directly. Air-cooled, fan-cooled and water-cooled cooling method were introduced to cool the generators. At the end of the experiment, it was found out that water-cooled cooling method induced the highest voltage among the other cooling methods.
Surface Structure of Epoxy Treated Semantan Bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii)
Authors: Ismail Nur Faiqa , Shuib Solehuddin , Romli Ahmad Zafir
Published: June 2020

Bamboo is well known as the oldest structural material that possess unique anatomical structure and superior mechanical properties. It has become a subject of interest worldwide and research is being conducted for its structural applications including safety, durability and also mechanical properties. Many studies carried out previously indeed have shown superior strength of bamboo. Most of the research circulate on the mechanical properties improvement using chemical, plasma, enzyme, fungi and nanocellulose coating treatment. However, despite the conventional treatments’ advantages, but they are impractical, costly and it able to change the structure of the treated materials. This study aims to evaluate the morphological properties of untreated and treated of Semantan bamboo culm (Gigantochloa scortechinii) after subjected to a simple and cost-effective epoxy treatment. By using Alicona Infinite Focus 3D profilometer machine, the comparison between the untreated and treated surfaces of bamboo can be obtained under profile surface roughness test. Meanwhile, the depth formation of the treated surfaces also can be obtained by using the same machine under profile form management test. Next, optical microscope was used later to examine the epoxy matrix treatment formation of the untreated and treated bamboo surfaces. The result revealed that the application of epoxy treatment gave a better surface roughness and structure as it treat the bamboo strips and concurrently gave a thin layer of coating to the bamboo strips. The findings of this study suggest that epoxy treatment can be an effective and economical approach to treat natural fiber as it resulting in good surface structure which simultaneously increase the chemical and mechanical interlocking; thus, the bond between matrix and natural fiber become stronger.
Process Improvement at Automotive Assembly Line Using Line Balancing and Lean Manufacturing Approach
Authors: bin Tajul Arifin Mohamad Hafizdudin , Rahman Wan Emri Wan Abdul
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze the existing production line in the automotive industry and proposed a layout of improved production line in the manufacturing process and obtain the optimum rate of production time. Thus, line balancing method and Yamazumi Chart was utilized to analyze the current and proposed production line. The collection of the data of the existing production line was conducted at one of the automotive company in Malaysia. From the analysis of current production line, two improved layout were proposed and evaluated. The proposed layout was selected based on a balanced production line and ability to meet customer demand. A balanced production line will ensure smooth process and eliminate wastage during operation
Design and Development of Ladder Climbing Robot
Authors: Moey Lip Kean , Teng Nicholas Lek See , Ng Jiunn Yea , Solihin Mahmud Iwan , Badrulhisam Najmi Haziq
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the development of a ladder climbing robot prototype. The development of the prototype includes constructing the basic software and hardware for the robot. The robot controller is designed using Arduino Mega 2560 software implemented in Arduino IDE with C programming. The hardware development involves constructing the main chassis and climbing arm with servomotor, DC geared motor and motor driver. An algorithm to climb ladder is developed with application of Infrared (IR) sensor and ultrasonic sensors. Significantly, the robot prototype is tested on ladders of different rung spacing. In the future, a base with wheels will be constructed for the robot to carry load and move on ground with obstacle avoidance capability and side grippers will be constructed to improve climbing performance of the robot on vertical ladder; this project will contribute to future research on similar topics.
The Mechanical Properties of Mimic Skin
Authors: Nazali Nur Nabila Mohd , Anirad Nur Ani Aniqah , Manan Nor Fazli Adull
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on the characterized of the mechanical properties and hyper elastic behavior of lab made skin. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) combined with gelatin as a base. BSA is a plasma lead concentrations or heparin plasma which is separated from blood sample and it is not associated with significant changes in iron or hemoglobin concentrations. In general, the gelatin is widely used as the best material for skin substitution since it exhibits the characteristic of human skin. However, the lab made skin layer was made of non-halal type gelatin (Type B). The methodology process started by adding the BSA and using the type A gelatin to carry out the mechanical properties and hy-per elastic behavior of halal lab made skin layer. A uniaxial tensile test standard that being used in this study is ASTM D412. The raw data (Load-Extension) from computational was plotted on graph stress-strain. The numerical approach such as Mooney-Rivlin model and Yeoh’s model were selected to analyze a stress-stretch of composition gelatin and BSA. From the results Mooney-Rivlin model, the con-stant, C1 is in the range of (0.0187-0.0658) MPa and C2 is in the range of (0.0628-0.0737) MPa. Meanwhile the constant, CP for Yeoh model is in the range of (0.0748-0.0861) MPa. As a conclusion, the composition of gelatin and Bovine Serum Albumin is a best combina-tion as it increases the strength of the lab made skin layer. Therefore, the most suitable composition is 10 wt.% of gelatin and Bovine Serum Albumin.
Three-Dimensional Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of an Ankle External Fixator
Authors: Ismail Nur Faiqa , Bin Adnan Muhammmad Aiman Firdaus , Shuib Solehuddin , Nik Abd Rashid Nik Ahmad Hambali
Published: June 2020

External fixator has played an important role in repairing fractured ankle bone. This surgery is done due to the several factors which are the bone is not normal position or has broken into several pieces. The external fixator will help the broken bone to grow and remodel back to the original appearance. However, there are some issues regarding to the stability of this fixation. Improper design and material are the major factor that decreased the stability since it is related to the deformation of the external fixator to hold the bone fracture area. This study aims to design a stable structure for constructing delta frame ankle external fixator to increase the stability of the fixation. There are two designs of external fixator with two types of material used in this present study. Both external fixators with different materials are analyzed in terms of von Mises stress and deformation by using a conventional Finite Element Analysis software; ANSYS Workbench V15. The result obtained shows the Model 1 with stainless steel has less stress and deformation distributions compared to the Model 2. Hence, by using Model 1 as the external fixator, the stability of the fixation can be increased.
Production of IL-17A at Innate Immune Phase Leads to Decreased Th1 Immune Response and Attenuated Host Defense against Infection with Cryptococcus deneoformans
Authors: Sato Ko , Yamamoto Hideki , Nomura Toshiki , Kasamatsu Jun , Miyasaka Tomomitsu , Tanno Daiki , Matsumoto Ikumi , Kagesawa Takafumi , Miyahara Anna , Zong Tong , Oniyama Akiho , Kawamura Kotone , Yokoyama Rin , Kitai Yuki , Ishizuka Shigenari , Kanno Emi , Tanno Hiromasa , Suda Hiromi , Morita Masanobu , Yamamoto Masayuki , Iwakura Yoichiro , Ishii Keiko , Kawakami Kazuyoshi
Published: June 2020

IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by many types of innate immune cells and Th17 cells and is involved in the elimination of extracellularly growing microorganisms, yet the role of this cytokine in the host defense against intracellularly growing microorganisms is not well known. Cryptococcus deneoformans is an opportunistic intracellular growth fungal pathogen that frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis in patients with impaired immune responses. In the current study, we analyzed the role of IL-17A in the host defense against C. deneoformans infection. IL-17A was quickly produced by γδT cells at an innate immune phase in infected lungs. In IL-17A gene–disrupted mice, clearance of this fungal pathogen and the host immune response mediated by Th1 cells were significantly accelerated in infected lungs compared with wild-type mice. Similarly, killing of this fungus and production of inducible NO synthase and TNF-α were significantly enhanced in IL-17A gene–disrupted mice. In addition, elimination of this fungal pathogen, Th1 response, and expression of IL-12Rβ2 and IFN-γ in NK and NKT cells were significantly suppressed by treatment with rIL-17A. The production of IL-12p40 and TNF-α from bone marrow–derived dendritic cells stimulated with C. deneoformans was significantly suppressed by rIL-17A. In addition, rIL-17A attenuated Th1 cell differentiation in splenocytes from transgenic mice highly expressing TCR for mannoprotein 98, a cryptococcal Ag, upon stimulation with recombinant mannoprotein 98. These data suggest that IL-17A may be involved in the negative regulation of the local host defense against C. deneoformans infection through suppression of the Th1 response.
Fifty Years On: Founding Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
Authors: Minolli Michele
Published: June 2020

Fifty years after Freud’s death we feel the time has come to revisit epistemic assumptions and Freudian theory. The Italian Society of Relationship Psychoanalysis (S.I.P.Re) is about to launch a new psychoanalytic journal, open to all, as a space for discussion, exchange, and research. It is generally known that Freud was the greatest contributor to the study of psychic distress in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It is appropriate to look to Freud, then, for the theoretical and technical basis for psychoanalytic psychotherapy with the aim of making psychoanalysis practicable for neuroses and psychoses, in the private and public sectors. Our study and research efforts are channeled towards Ricerca Psicoanalitica as the tangible result of the project.
Heat Policy Revision for Georgia High School Football Practices Based on Data-Driven Research
Authors: Cooper Earl R. , Grundstein Andrew J. , Miles Jessica D. , Ferrara Michael S. , Curry Patrick , Casa Douglas J. , Hosokawa Yuri
Published: June 2020

Context

Interscholastic heat policies for football have not been evidence based. Therefore, their effectiveness in mitigating exertional heat illness has not been assessed.

Objective

To discuss the development of the Georgia High School Association heat policy and assess the effectiveness of revised guidelines.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

Georgia high schools.

Patients or Other Participants

Interscholastic football players in grades 9 through 12.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Heat syncope and heat exhaustion (HS/HE) illness rates (IRs) were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), and relative risk (RR) was calculated as a ratio of postpolicy (POST) IR divided by prepolicy (PRE) IR.

Results

A total of 214 HS/HE cases (172 PRE, 42 POST) and 341 348 AEs (178 230 PRE, 163 118 POST) were identified. During the first 5 days of the PRE period, approximately 50% of HS/HE illnesses occurred; HS/HE IRs doubled when practice sessions increased from 2 to 2.5 hours and tripled for practices ≥3 hours. The HS/HE IRs in the PRE period increased from 0.44/1000 AEs for wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs) of <82°F (<27.8°C) to >2.0/1000 AEs for WBGTs from 87°F (30.6°C) to 89.9°F (32.2°C). The RRs comparing PRE and POST policy periods were 0.29 for WBGTs of <82.0°F (<27.80°C), 0.65 for WBGTs from 82.0°F (27.8°C) to 86.9°F (30.5°C), and 0.23 for WBGTs from 87.0°F (30.6°C) to 89.9°F (32.2°C). No HS/HE illnesses occurred in the POST period for WBGTs at >90°F (>32.3°C).

Conclusions

Results from the PRE period guided the Georgia High School Association to revise its heat and humidity policy to include a mandated 5-day acclimatization period when no practices may exceed 2 hours and the use of WBGT-based activity-modification categories. The new policy reduced HS/HE IRs by 35% to 100%, depending on the WBGT category. Our results may be generalizable to other states with hot and humid climates similar to that of Georgia.
Decision-Making and Impulse-Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Yildirim Elif , Altinayar Sibel , Cakmur Raif
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Dopaminergic treatment is proved to ameliorate motor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, it could have negative effects on behavior and cognition, including impulse controlling and decision-making. We aimed (1) to investigate the decision-making and impulse-control disorders (ICDs) of PD patients and their correlations with sociodemographical and clinical variables, dopaminergic treatment in particular, and (2) to determine the relation of decision-making with ICDs.

Methods:

The sample of 39 patients with PD and 37 healthy controls underwent cognitive tests and the task which analyzed decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task [IGT]). Besides assessing motor and nonmotor symptoms of patients with PD, ICDs were also scanned using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease.

Results:

Although patients with PD performed similarly to healthy controls on IGT, decision-making profile in PD related to clinical variables: dopaminergic treatment and duration of illness. In addition to this younger age of onset, higher dose of dopamine agonists, longer duration of illness, and impaired decision-making were together accounted for a substantial amount of variance in impulsive behaviors.

Conclusions:

Dopaminergic medication likely contributes to the impairment in decision-making, which may be the underlying mechanism of ICDs. Further studies will be necessary to understand the potential implications of this finding.
Investigation of Insulin Resistance and Vitamin E Deficiency in Chronic Inflammatory DemyelinatıNg Polyneuropathy
Authors: Toz Hilal Tastekin , Gozke Eren
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a treatable disease; therefore, accurate diagnosis and detection of coexisting disorders are very important. Some authors have reported that CIDP was more frequently observed in patients with diabetes mellitus when compared with the population in general. Vitamin E deficiency leads to demyelinating neuropathy, and Vitamin E supplementation ensures clinical and electrophysiological recovery. In this study, identifying the association between insulin resistance, Vitamin E deficiency, and CIDP is aimed.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-three patients with CIDP and forty healthy controls were evaluated. Two groups were compared in terms of insulin resistance and Vitamin E level status.

Results:

A statistically significant difference was not found between CIDP and control groups as for the distribution of mean ages, genders, Homeostatic Model Assessment Index values, impaired fasting glucose, and a statistically significant difference was not found between CIDP and control groups as for Vitamin E deficiency.

Conclusion:

Our study could not reveal any evidence about insulin resistance and Vitamin E deficiency in CIDP patients.
COVID-19 Associate Neurological Complications
Authors: Baysal-Kirac Leyla , Uysal Hilmi
Published: June 2020

2019-novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2019-novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global health problem that affected >2.000.000 people in the world. Although the main component of the disease is pulmonary disturbances, recent reports suggested neurological manifestations. Neurological complications have been rarely reported with other Coronavirus associated diseases. In this short review, we would like to draw attention to COVID-19-related neurological symptoms. Heath-care providers should be aware that COVID-19 can associate neurological manifestations.
Yemlik Kolza (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera Metzg)’da Bazı Tarımsal Özelliklerin Azotlu Gübrelemeye Göre Değişimi
Authors: Mehmet Arif ÖZYAZICI  , Semih AÇIKBAŞ  , Mehmet TURHAN
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırma; farklı azotlu gübre dozlarının, yemlik kolza (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera Metzg)’da verim ve besin değeri üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla; Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan Siirt ili ekolojik koşullarında, 2019-2020 vejetasyon döneminde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, bitki materyali olarak yemlik kolzanın Lenox çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada tarla denemeleri tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş olup; azot (N)’un 5 farklı dozu (N0= 0 kg N/da, N5= 5 kg N/da, N10= 10 kg N/da, N15= 15 kg N/da ve N20= 20 kg N/da) araştırmanın konusunu teşkil etmiştir. Azotlu gübre kaynağı olarak üre (% 46 N) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada; bitki boyu, yan dal sayısı, sap kalınlığı, yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi, ham protein (HP) oranı, HP verimi, asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF) oranı, nötral deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF) oranı ile bitkide toplam fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca) ve magnezyum (Mg) oranları incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, toprağa artan miktarlarda uygulanan azotlu gübrelemeye bağlı olarak bitki boyu, yan dal sayısı, yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi, HP oranı, HP verimi, P ve Ca oranı anlamlı derecede artarken, kuru otun içerdiği ADF ve NDF oranları azalmıştır. Çalışmada, azotlu gübre dozlarına göre yemlik kolzanın; bitki boyu 144.3-152.5 cm, yan dal sayısı 5.9-9.1 adet, sap kalınlığı 8.45-9.06 mm, yeşil ot verimi 2536.1-3409.7 kg/da, kuru ot verimi 459.1-643.4 kg/da, HP oranı % 8.68-11.21, HP verimi 39.79-65.41 kg/da, ADF oranı % 47.49-52.33, NDF oranı % 54.59-64.00, P oranı % 0.23-0.27, K oranı % 2.19-2.49, Ca oranı % 1.39-1.55 ve Mg oranı % 0.16-0.18 arasında değişim göstermiştir.
Jardins de formigas: qual o estado do conhecimento sobre essas interações mutualísticas entre formigas e plantas?
Authors: Vicente Ricardo Eduardo , Vieira da Silva Ivone , Junqueira Izzo Thiago
Published: June 2020

Entre as interações mutualísticas envolvendo formigas e plantas, o exemplo mais complexo conhecido chama-se jardins de formigas. Nesta interação, as formigas constroem o ninho na vegetação, plantam sementes de epífitas e as protegem, quando crescem. Em troca, as epífitas controlam a umidade do ninho, oferecem estrutura para o seu crescimento e alimento para as formigas. Neste artigo, contextualizamos e situamos o leitor quanto à interação mutulística denominada de jardins de formigas, compilamos informações disponíveis na literatura e trazemos dados de pesquisas ainda não publicadas, mas em andamento, sobre este assunto.
Myrmecology: majority of females only within the colony
Authors: Ramalho Manuela , Martins Cintia , Moreau Corrie Saux
Published: June 2020

Diversity and inclusion in science are issues that still need to be addressed and the scientific community should act urgently to overcome disparities especially because women are still underrepresented across science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Information about women authoring scientific papers are important data that can help us understand if a specific field is inclusive. We focussed on the area of Myrmecology and we investigated whether first and last authorship is biased in this field. This study showed that although our research focuses on a group dominated by females (ants) in terms of authorship of papers it is still a male dominated society with no significant increases in female representation since 1990 with women representing only 35.59% of first authors and 22.90% of last authors. And despite our data showing promising trends for the last few years (2016-2018) where we see a slight increase in women as first authors however for the last author position there has still been no change. We also compared worldwide results to that of myrmecologists from Brazil, a hub of ant biological research. We conclude our study by proposing several actions that we can all do to overcome this issue and make science more equal and inclusive.
Coleção de referência do Laboratório de Mirmecologia do Alto Tietê, São Paulo, Brasil: status atual e perspectivas
Authors: Souza-Campana Débora Rodrigues , Wazema Claudia T. , Magalhães Fabricio S. , Silva Nathalia S. , Nagatani Victor H. , Suguituru Silvia S. , Goto Mariana A. , Morini Maria Santina C.
Published: June 2020

As coleções de referência são importantes acervos para a biodiversidade. Nelas, estão contidas amostras representativas e informações biológicas de regiões específicas, que servem de base para muitos estudos científicos. A coleção de referência do Laboratório de Mirmecologia do Alto Tietê reúne uma das mais expressivas coleções de formigas regionais para estudos taxonômicos e ecológicos. Atualmente, a coleção conta com 243 espécies/morfoespécies de formigas registradas em diferentes áreas da Floresta Atlântica do Alto Tietê, em São Paulo. Embora seja uma pequena coleção, o acervo é oriundo de coletas padronizadas, bem como todo o depósito das morfoespécies. A coleção de referência gerou muitas publicações em diferentes áreas de conhecimento e também contribuiu para a capacitação de profissionais que atuam na pesquisa e na educação formal e não formal.
Uma jornada científica na Amazônia: revisitando os 121 anos do acervo de Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
Authors: Prado Lívia Pires do , Favacho César Augusto Chaves , Silveira Orlando Tobias , Silva Rogério R.
Published: June 2020

Ao longo de mais de 100 anos de história, o acervo do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) acumulou uma expressiva quantidade de espécies de formigas coletadas por meio de expedições científicas e por sua atuação como instituição fiel depositária. Organizar, qualificar, estudar e disponibilizar essas informações tornam o acervo uma poderosa ferramenta para estudos em diferentes áreas. Neste artigo, reportamos um breve histórico dos principais acontecimentos científicos e históricos que refletiram na formação e consolidação do acervo de formigas do MPEG, atualmente com cerca de 300.000 espécimes. Também discutimos perspectivas e estratégias adotadas, visando tornar a coleção uma referência para estudos envolvendo formigas da região amazônica.
Um acervo centenário: a história da Coleção de Formigas (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Antunes Ulysséa Mônica
Published: June 2020

A Coleção de Formigas do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP) representa uma amostra inestimável da biodiversidade de formigas, principalmente da região neotropical. Seu acervo foi formado a partir da contribuição de naturalistas-viajantes, de mirmecólogos reconhecidos por suas contribuições científicas, do desenvolvimento de pesquisas e por sua atuação como instituição fiel depositária. Abriga uma expressiva quantidade de material-tipo, comporta 4.741 espécimes-tipos de 892 espécies, amplamente distribuídos. A prática curatorial constante e adequada é um dos grandes desafios da coleção, que serve como base para a formação de pessoal especializado em diversas áreas integrantes do grande campo de biodiversidade. No presente artigo, apresentamos um breve histórico do MZSP e um relato mais detalhado sobre a criação, a expansão e a qualificação do acervo da Coleção de Formigas do MZSP, que atualmente conta com quase 440 mil espécimes em via seca, além de amostras não quantificadas em via úmida.
Pnömatik Sistemlerde Enerji Verimliliği
Authors: ZAİM Arda , ARAS Haydar
Published: June 2020

Artan nüfus ve gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte enerji tüketimi ve maliyetleri günden güne artış göstermektedir. Ülkemiz fosil enerji kaynakları bakımından sınırlı kaynaklara sahip ve dışa bağımlıdır. Enerji ihtiyacının güvenilir, ekonomik ve yeterli bir biçimde karşılanabilmesi temel amaçtır. Bu bağlamda enerjinin verimli kullanımı üzerinde önemle durulması gereken hususlar arasında yer almaktadır. Enerji verimliliği, harcanan enerji miktarının, üretimdeki kapasite ve kaliteyi azaltmadan, ekonomik kalkınmayı ve sosyal refahı engellemeden en aza indirilmesidir. Bu çalışmada, endüstride en çok kullanılan ikincil enerji kaynağı basınçlı havayla çalışan pnömatik sistemlerdeki enerji verimliliği uygulamaları ele alınmış ve deneysel çalışmalarla desteklenmiştir. Basınçlı hava sistemi tasarımında verimliliği artıran unsurlar belirlenmiş; kompresör, silindir ve vakum ejektörü gibi pnömatik iş elemanlarında işletme basınçlarının düşürülmesiyle elde edilebilecek tasarruf miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Ciddi maliyetler oluşturan hava kaçaklarının tespiti ve maliyeti konusunda fiziki bulgular incelenmiş, enerji tasarruf fonksiyonlu ürünlerin kullanımı için yol gösterilmiştir. Çalışmanın, enerji arzında büyük oranda dışa bağımlı olan ülkemizin sanayi sektöründe enerji yoğunluğunun düşürülmesi ve karbon ayak izinin azaltılması faaliyetlerinde bir rehber niteliği taşıyacağı düşünülmektedir.
Yönetsel Bağlamda Okul Öncesi Eğitimdeki Sorunlar: Bir Fenomenoloji Çalışması
Authors: AKYÜREK Muhammet İbrahim
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi eğitim öğretmeni görüşlerine göre yönetsel bağlamda okul öncesi eğitimdeki sorunların belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemini esas alan, olgubilim (fenomenoloji) araştırmasıdır. Bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunda, Ankara il merkezindeki ilçelerde yer alan ilkokul, ortaokul, lise ve anaokullarında görevli 56 okul öncesi eğitim öğretmeni örneklemi oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılı Mart ayı içerisinde toplanmıştır. Görüşme tekniği kullanılarak verilere ulaşılmış bu araştırmada verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmış, bulgular uygun görülen ve gerekli olan yerlerde nicelleştirilerek (sayı kullanılarak) sunulmuştur. Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında birtakım yönetsel sorunların olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bunlar arasında; okullarda okul öncesi öğretmenleri arasında bir iletişim ve rekabet sorunu bulunması, öğretmenlere olması gerekenden daha fazla sorumluluk verilmesi, birtakım materyallerin eksik olması, yönetimin geleneksel yönetim anlayışıyla hareket etmesi ve sınıf mevcutlarının kalabalık olması, öğretmen isteğinin veli isteği söz konusu olduğunda göz ardı edilmesi sayılabilir. Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında yönetsel birtakım sorunların üstesinden gelebilmek ve etkin okul yönetimini sağlamak adına yöneticilerin okul öncesi eğitimi mezunu olmaları veya bu konuda yeterli bir hizmet öncesi ve içi eğitim almaları sağlanabilir.
Teacher Leadership in Special Education: Exploring Skills, Roles, and Perceptions
Authors: Bagley Sylvia , Tang Kimmie
Published: June 2020

Special Education teachers frequently assume formal or informal leadership roles and responsibilities across disciplines (Council for Exceptional Children, 2015a, 2015b). However, despite the increasing attention paid to teacher leadership on an international scale (Wenner & Campbell, 2016), little research exists on the experiences and needs of teacher leaders within the diverse field of Special Education. In this descriptive phenomenological study, we addressed the following questions: 1) What does teacher leadership within the landscape of Special Education look like? 2) How does this work relate to the roles and dispositions laid out in both the Teacher Leader Model Standards (2011) and the Council for Exceptional Children’s Special Education Specialist Preparation Standards (2015a, 2015b)? We found that Special Education teacher leaders primarily demonstrate leadership via support, specifically through the skills of advocacy, facilitating, innovating, and ‘administrating’.
Learning-focused Teacher Leadership: The Professional Development School (PDS) Advantage
Authors: Hunzicker Jana
Published: June 2020

Professional development schools (PDS), a specific type of school-university partnership, offer distinctive learning environments for teachers by encouraging innovation and modeling best instructional practices. In PDS partnerships, opportunities abound for teachers to assume learning-focused leadership roles such as team lead, instructional coach, and professional developer. Drawing from the book Teacher Leadership in Professional Development Schools, this article recounts stories of learning-focused teacher leadership in two different PDS partnerships that resulted in positive outcomes for kindergarten through fifth grade English Learners (EL) and for ninth grade algebra students. Supported by research, the stories illustrate how providing embedded support and opportunities for teacher leadership through the PDS core practices of teacher preparation, professional development, inquiry and research, and student learning is advantageous for both teachers and students.
Subtitling and dubbing as teaching resources for learning English as a foreign language using Clipflair software
Authors: Soler Pardo Betlem
Published: June 2020

Muchos investigadores han demostrado la validez de utilizar clips como material audiovisual para enseñar un idioma extranjero. Al mismo tiempo, es interesante explorar la combinación de este material a través de la traducción audiovisual (TAV): subtitulación y doblaje. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar la efectividad de las actividades de subtitulación y doblaje como herramientas para la enseñanza del inglés. Para ello, varios participantes de la Universidad de Valencia (España) cuyo nivel de inglés era B2 / B2 + participaron en una combinación de actividades haciendo uso de estas dos modalidades. Se han diseñado una serie de tareas basadas en un videoclip subtitulado de dos minutos, con el propósito de aumentar la adquisición de vocabulario de los alumnos y mejorar su pronunciación, entonación y comprensión oral y lectora combinando el uso de ambas modalidades de traducción usando el software Clipflair.
Evidências, códigos e classificações: o ofício do historiador e o mundo digital
Authors: Fortes Alexandre , Alvim Leandro Guimarães Marques
Published: June 2020

O artigo examina o impacto da difusão global das tecnologias digitais sobre o ofício do historiador. Parte da análise sobre a relação entre a prática da profissão e natureza do conhecimento histórico formuladas por alguns dos maiores historiadores do século XX. Examina a natureza social da linguagem e seu papel na constituição das evidências e fontes históricas, articulando essa análise com os avanços tecnológicos do “processamento de linguagem natural”. Discute conceitos de diversos ramos das ciências sociais relevantes para a compreensão do processo de desenvolvimento do conhecimento humano e o papel da codificação de informações na elaboração de narrativas e na pesquisa histórica. Por fim, apresenta um panorama das principais metodologias no campo da inteligência artificial atualmente aplicadas à pesquisa histórica
Responsabilidade Individual e Ação Revolucionária: direito e moral em Lukács anterior a sua obra História e Consciência de Classe
Authors: Sartori Vitor
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo, pretende-se tratar do modo peculiar segundo o qual Lukács, em seus escritos anteriores à obra História e consciência de classe, trata da moral e do Direito. A crítica à eticidade hegeliana leva o autor húngaro a uma ênfase bastante grande na ação e na responsabilidade individuais na mesma medida em que haveria, de um lado, um abismo entre a ação moral e a revolução e, de outro, uma unidade imediata entre ambas. A partir disso, por meio daquilo que o filósofo brasileiro José Chasin chamou de análise imanente, será possível chegar à relação existente entre o direito e a mora- lidade no momento da obra lukacsiana, aquele de 1919.
Os Desafios do Acesso à Informação e o Controle Social no Estado Pós-Democrático: normalidade ou exceção?
Authors: Bitencourt Caroline Müller , Reck Janriê Rodrigues
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho faz uma investigação das relações entre neoliberalismo, Estado de Exceção e controle social na contemporaneidade do Brasil. Assim, o problema que move este artigo se coloca: diante dos elementos de exceção e de neoliberalismo, pode-se dizer que o controle social da Administração Pública já se constitui uma mera ideia vazia de significado? A hipótese é a de que sim, é possível falar em decadência do controle social, principalmente por meio de um de seus principais mecanismos, o acesso à informação. O método de trabalho é o hipotético-dedutivo, testando-se a hipótese a partir da argumentação desenvolvida.
Types, Production and Validation of Reference Materials for Viral Genetic Testing
Authors: Cho Eun-Jung , Lee Eun Jin , Cha Younggil , Lee Nuri , Hong Ki Ho , Huh Hee Jin , Cha Young Joo , Kim Hyun Soo
Published: June 2020

Molecular diagnostic techniques are used for the diagnosis and monitoring of viral infections. The performance of the in vitro diagnostic assays is important for an accurate and prompt diagnosis. Positive clinical samples or reference materials (RMs) are essential for the development, validation, and verification of the assays for molecular diagnostics-based virus detection. Since it is difficult to obtain positive clinical samples, the need for RMs with required properties is increasing. In this review, the types, manufacturing methods, and verification of RMs for genetic testing of virus are discussed along with the producers involved in their production, sale, and distribution.
Killing Dynamics of Carbapenems against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Harboring Varied Determinants of Carbapenem Resistance
Authors: Rolly Viga , Lee Eun Jung , Yoon Eun-Jeong , Jeong Seok Hoon
Published: June 2020

Background: Ideal dose of the antimicrobials should be decided by considering their killing dynamics since sufficient elimination of the causative microorganisms is critical for proper antimicrobial treatment. In this study, the bactericidal activities of carbapenems by resistance mechanisms were assessed for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: Minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of carbapenems were determined by broth dilution method and the resistance mechanisms were identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. The expression levels of efflux pumps were determined by reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. Time-kill curves were plotted by time-course numeration of the viable cells grown under imipenem and meropenem at 1× and 4×MICs, respectively. Results: One P. aeruginosa strain was susceptible, whereas three were resistant to carbapenems by defective OprD, efflux pump overproduction, and/or IMP-6 production. The susceptible strain had imipenem and meropenem MICs of 2 and 1 mg/L, respectively. The MICs were elevated by eight-fold by defective OprD, 16- and 32-fold by the pump overproduction, and four- and >64-fold by the combination of two determinants and the IMP-6 carbapenemase. While both the carbapenems showed time-dependent bactericidal activity to the susceptible isolate, either of the carbapenem-resistant determinants, such as decreased membrane permeability, carbapenemase production, or the defective OprD, presented concentration-dependent bacteriostatic activity. Conclusion: Different killing dynamics of the carbapenems were observed depending on the resistance determinants, and the results would guide a proper treatment strategy for the patients using these drugs.
Parenteral nutrition and nursing care: A review of the recent literature
Authors: Akçay Kezban , Kesik Gülşah , Suluhan Derya , Soysal Derya , Demir Hacer Nil , Kazancı Hasibe
Published: June 2020

Parenteral nutrition is a life-saving intervention for patients where enteral nutrition cannot be achieved. In recent years, parenteral nutrition has been widely used thanks to advances in medicine and technological fields. Parenteral nutrition, which is a very complicated intervention, requires good care and teamwork at the beginning, treatment process and termination stages. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on parenteral nutrition, as well as to raise awareness about the duties and responsibilities of nurses, one of the most important members of the nutritional support team, in parenteral nutrition.