bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence in environmental conservation: evaluating cyber risks and opportunities for sustainable practices
Authors: Uwaga Monica Adanma  , Emmanuel Olurotimi Ogunbiyi
Published: May 2024

This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into environmental conservation efforts, aiming to assess AI's transformative potential in enhancing sustainability practices. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the research scrutinizes peer-reviewed articles, reports, and case studies from 2014 to 2024, focusing on the application of AI in biodiversity preservation, climate change mitigation, and sustainable resource management. The methodology hinges on a comprehensive search strategy, adhering to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the relevance and quality of the literature analyzed. Key findings reveal that AI significantly contributes to environmental conservation by optimizing resource management, improving predictive analytics for biodiversity conservation, and facilitating advanced monitoring and analysis to mitigate environmental impacts. However, the deployment of AI technologies also presents ethical and cybersecurity challenges, necessitating robust frameworks for responsible use. The study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, stakeholder engagement, and the development of ethical AI solutions to address these challenges effectively. Finally, AI holds immense promise for advancing environmental sustainability efforts. Strategic recommendations include fostering partnerships across disciplines, prioritizing ethical considerations in AI development, and enhancing AI literacy among conservationists. Future research directions emphasize the need for innovative AI applications in conservation and addressing the socio-technical complexities of integrating AI into environmental strategies. This study contributes valuable insights into leveraging AI for a sustainable and resilient future, highlighting the critical balance between technological advancements and ethical considerations.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Environmental Conservation, Sustainability, Cyber Risks.
Future directions in well intervention: A conceptual exploration of emerging technologies and techniques
Authors: Chinwe Ozowe  , Oludayo Olatoye Sofoluwe  , Ayemere Ukato  , Dazok Donald Jambol
Published: May 2024

Well intervention plays a crucial role in the lifecycle of oil and gas wells, encompassing a range of activities aimed at maximizing production, enhancing well integrity, and mitigating risks. This abstract explores the future directions of well intervention, focusing on emerging technologies and techniques that are shaping the industry's approach to well management. The abstract begins by discussing the importance of well intervention in the context of evolving industry trends and challenges, such as the need to maximize recovery from mature fields, improve operational efficiency, and reduce environmental impact. It then provides an overview of the key themes that will define the future of well intervention, including digitalization, automation, and sustainability. Digitalization is transforming well intervention through the use of advanced data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital twins. These technologies enable real-time monitoring and analysis of well performance, allowing operators to optimize production, predict equipment failures, and enhance reservoir management. Automation is also revolutionizing well intervention by enabling remote operation of intervention tools and robotics, reducing the need for human intervention in hazardous environments. Sustainability is another key theme driving future directions in well intervention, with operators increasingly focused on reducing the environmental impact of well operations. This includes the development of environmentally friendly intervention fluids, the use of renewable energy sources for powering intervention equipment, and the adoption of green completion techniques. The abstract concludes by highlighting the implications of these future directions for the oil and gas industry, including the potential for increased production efficiency, reduced costs, and improved environmental performance. It calls for collaboration between industry stakeholders, research institutions, and government agencies to drive innovation and ensure the long-term sustainability of well intervention practices. Overall, this abstract provides a conceptual exploration of the future directions in well intervention, offering insights into how emerging technologies and techniques are reshaping the industry's approach to well management. his paper will offer a conceptual exploration into the future of well intervention, focusing on emerging technologies and techniques that could revolutionize the field. It will discuss potential impacts on efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability, providing a theoretical basis for the integration of these advancements in practical settings.
Keywords: Future Directions, Well Intervention, Exploration, Emerging Technologies, Techniques.
Marketing, communication, banking, and Fintech: personalization in Fintech marketing, enhancing customer communication for financial inclusion
Authors: Lucky Bamidele Benjamin  , Prisca Amajuoyi  , Kudirat Bukola Adeusi
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the intersection of marketing, communication, banking, and fintech, with a focus on personalization in fintech marketing and enhancing customer communication for financial inclusion. Financial technology (fintech) has revolutionized the way financial services are delivered, offering innovative solutions that cater to diverse customer needs. One key aspect of this transformation is the emphasis on personalized marketing strategies, which enable fintech companies to engage with customers on a more individualized level, driving customer satisfaction and loyalty. Personalization in fintech marketing involves tailoring products, services, and communications to meet the specific needs and preferences of customers. This approach not only enhances the customer experience but also increases the likelihood of customer retention and acquisition. Fintech companies leverage customer data and advanced analytics to segment their audience and deliver targeted messages and offers, effectively addressing customer pain points and driving engagement. Moreover, effective customer communication is essential for promoting financial inclusion, particularly among underserved populations. Fintech companies can use various communication channels, such as mobile apps, social media, and chatbots, to reach customers who may have limited access to traditional banking services. By delivering relevant and timely information, fintech companies can empower customers to make informed financial decisions and improve their overall financial well-being. The paper also discusses the role of banking and fintech partnerships in driving financial inclusion. By collaborating with traditional banks, fintech companies can leverage existing infrastructure and customer networks to reach underserved communities. These partnerships enable fintech companies to offer innovative financial products and services to a broader audience, contributing to greater financial inclusion and economic empowerment. In conclusion, personalization in fintech marketing and effective customer communication are key drivers of financial inclusion. By adopting these strategies, fintech companies can better engage with customers, tailor their offerings to meet specific needs, and ultimately, contribute to a more inclusive financial system.
Keywords: Fintech Marketing, Customer Communication, Financial Inclusion, Personalization, Banking.
Advances in dilated cardiomyopathy evaluation via cardiac MRI diagnosis and prognosis: a literature review
Authors: Abarca Real Alex Fernando , Flores Obregón Jessica del Rocio , Sacancela Usiña Magaly Morelia , Martínez Saltos Juan José , Crespo Tonato Ronie Hugo
Published: May 2024

With a variety of aetiologies and clinical presentations, Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) presents considerable hurdles for both diagnosis and treatment. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has become a useful diagnostic technique for DCM, providing information on the anatomy, physiology, and tissue properties of the heart. Using both well-established and recently developed CMR techniques, this review investigates the function of CMR in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic DCM. Using reliable databases, a thorough search of the literature was carried out with an emphasis on papers released between 2014 and 2024. English-language literature examining the clinical uses of CMR in idiopathic DCM were included in the inclusion criteria. A vital component of the assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), which provides thorough insights into the anatomy and function of the heart. Precise evaluation of tissue properties, ventricular function, and cardiac shape is made possible by CMR, which helps DCM patients get an accurate diagnosis and risk assessment. The use of advanced CMR methods, such as T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging, yields significant insights into the underlying aetiologies and myocardial fibrosis. Furthermore, customized prognostic evaluations are provided by CMR-based risk stratification algorithms that include many factors, improving clinical decision-making in DCM treatment. Continuous developments are expected to improve prognostic utility and accuracy, which will need efforts to lower prices and increase accessibility in order to achieve better patient outcomes and wider clinical usage
Hacia una metodología para evaluar la transparencia en las páginas web de gobiernos locales argentinos
Authors: Martín Furnari Diego
Published: May 2024

El artículo propone la descripción de una metodología para la construcción de un índice de transparencia de las páginas web locales en la Argentina a partir de la definición de componentes, dimensiones e indicadores ponderados.
Para ello se propone la identificación de trabajos o antecedentes en la materia, para luego construir un marco teórico respecto del concepto de transparencia (en sentido amplio). Como consecuencia del análisis de dicho corpus se describe el trabajo metodológico para la construcción del índice y sus indicadores ponderados. Como consecuencia de lo anterior se exponen un conjunto de antecedentes y discusiones teóricas relevantes (con la primacía de una mirada restringida de la transparencia)  y se identifica la necesidad de complementar los instrumentos existentes con un sistema de clasificación en base a las dimensiones y componentes definidos.
Para ello se propone la identificación de trabajos o antecedentes en la materia, para luego construir un marco teórico respecto del concepto de transparencia (en sentido amplio). Como consecuencia del análisis de dicho corpus se describe el trabajo metodológico para la construcción del índice y sus indicadores ponderados. Como consecuencia de lo anterior se exponen un conjunto de antecedentes y discusiones teóricas relevantes (con la primacía de una mirada restringida de la transparencia)  y se identifica la necesidad de complementar los instrumentos existentes con un sistema de clasificación en base a las dimensiones y componentes definidos.
Galaxies
Authors: Combes Françoise
Published: May 2024

Les galaxies, vastes ensembles d’étoiles, de gaz et de poussières, vivant au sein des halos de matière noire, n’ont été identifiées comme des mondes à part que dans les années 1920. Depuis, les techniques d’observation modernes ont permis de faire des découvertes essentielles. Galaxies décrit tout d’abord les diverses morphologies et les catégories de galaxies existantes, permettant de mieux comprendre leur formation et leur évolution (à travers la séquence de Hubble ou le diagramme couleur-magnitude). Il étudie par la suite les principales propriétés de notre galaxie, la Voie lactée, ainsi que celles des galaxies de type précoce (sphéroïdales) ou tardif (spirales). Il analyse également les processus de fusion et les interactions entre galaxies, primordiaux dans la formation et l’évolution des galaxies, la formation des étoiles et la constitution des trous noirs, avant de finalement traiter de l’histoire cosmique de la formation des galaxies.
L’oncogénétique constitutionnelle
Authors: Boukhatem Noureddine
Published: May 2024

À l’ère de la génomique, l’oncogénétique est une discipline en plein essor. Elle est définie comme la prise en charge des familles où l’on suspecte un risque héréditaire de cancers. Cette discipline relativement nouvelle s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une médecine moderne qui se veut prédictive et préventive. L’oncogénétique constitutionnelle donne une description précise de la majorité des syndromes de prédispositions aux cancers. La première partie examine les syndromes les plus fréquents dans la majorité des populations mondiales, parmi lesquels figurent le syndrome du cancer du sein et de l’ovaire héréditaire ainsi que le syndrome de Lynch. La seconde partie introduit les syndromes infracentésimaux, qui sont moins fréquents, tels que le syndrome de Bloom et la maladie de Fanconi. Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux praticiens oncogénéticiens et autres spécialistes, ainsi qu’aux étudiants en médecine.
Le Système solaire 2
Authors: Encrenaz Thérèse , Lequeux James
Published: May 2024

Cet ouvrage présente une vision globale et synthétique de la planétologie, c’est-à-dire de l’étude des objets du Système solaire. Au cours des dernières décennies, la planétologie a connu une véritable révolution, marquée en particulier par la découverte de la ceinture de Kuiper au-delà de Neptune, puis par celle des planètes extrasolaires, ainsi que par l’exploration spatiale d’objets toujours plus lointains. Elle est aujourd’hui à la croisée de nombreuses disciplines : astronomie, géophysique, géochimie, biologie. Cet ouvrage étudie, dans un premier temps, le Système solaire extérieur : satellites et anneaux des planètes géantes, petits corps et planètes naines. Il traite également des météorites et de la cosmochimie, ainsi que de la formation et de la dynamique du Système solaire. Il s’intéresse à la question de l’origine de la vie et de la vie extraterrestre et présente enfin l’ensemble des méthodes d’étude de la planétologie.
Full characterization and calibration of a transfer standard monitor for atmospheric radon measurements
Authors: Curcoll Roger , Grossi Claudia , Röttger Stefan , Vargas Arturo
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In this work, a full characterization of the new user-friendly version of the Atmospheric Radon MONitor (ARMON), used to measure very low activity concentrations of the radioactive radon gas in the outdoor atmosphere, is carried out. The ARMON is based on the electrostatic collection of 218Po+ particles on a semiconductor detector surface. A main advantage of this instrument is that it offers high-resolution alpha-energy spectra, which will allow us to separate radon progeny (210Po, 218Po, and 214Po). The monitor feature may also allow measurements of thoron (220Rn) by collection of 216Po+, although the instrument is not calibrated for this gas. In the paper, the physical principle; the hardware configuration; and the software development of the automatic and remotely controlled ARMON, conceived and constructed within the MAR2EA and the traceRadon projects, are described. The monitor efficiency and its linearity over a wide span of radon concentration activities have been evaluated and tested here using theoretical and experimental approaches. Finally, a complete budget analysis of the total uncertainty of the monitor was also achieved. Results from the application of a simplified theoretical approach show a detection efficiency for 218Po+ of about 0.0075 (Bq m−3)−1 s−1. The experimental approach, consisting of exposing the ARMON at controlled radon concentrations between a few hundreds to a few thousands of becquerels per cubic metre (Bq m−3), gives a detection efficiency for 218Po+ of 0.0057 ± 0.0002 (Bq m−3) s−1. This last value and its independence from the radon levels were also confirmed thanks to a new calibration method which allows us, using low-emanation sources, to obtain controlled radon levels of a few tens of becquerels per cubic metre (Bq m−3). The total uncertainty of the ARMON detection efficiency obtained for hourly radon concentrations above 5 Bq m−3 was lower than 10 % (k= 1). The characteristic limits of the ARMON – being those dependent on the presence of thoron in the sampled air – were also calculated. A detection limit of 0.132 Bq m−3 was estimated in the absence of thoron. At a typical thoron concentration at atmospheric sites of 0.017 min−1, the detection limit was calculated to be 0.3 Bq m−3, but this can be reduced if using a delay volume, obtaining a decision threshold of 0.0045 Bq m−3. Current results may allow us to confirm that the ARMON is suitable to measure low-level radon activity concentrations (1–100 Bq m−3) and to be used as a transfer standard to calibrate secondary atmospheric radon monitors.
Development and Preliminary Testing of Temporally Controllable Weather Modification Rocket with Spatial Seeding Capacity
Authors: Dong Xiaobo , Wang Xiaoqing , Liu Yongde , Wang Xiaorong
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Current weather modification rockets with a single operation mode, limited operating height, and fixed and uncontrollable operating time, cannot achieve seeding in different layers, stages and quantities for different cloud systems. Therefore, a temporally controllable weather modification rocket with spatial seeding capability is developed in this study. This new rocket features an electronic fuse-controlled intelligent ignition system, with eight channels of ignition tube outputs. Additionally, carrier wave communication technology is incorporated to set the seeding time for eight sets of ignition tubes. The temporally controllable rocket is capable of initiating seeding within 2 s to 26 s and can conduct operations for layering, arbitrary altitude and fractional-dose seeding within the altitude range of 500–5500 m (at a launch angle of 70°). The minimum time interval of the rocket for seeding can be set to 0.1 s, and all 48 catalyst bullets loaded in a single rocket can be launched within 0.8 s. Thus, the rocket can achieve both concentrated and continuous seeding. Consequently, during weather modification operations, parameters such as altitude, thickness and operating temperature of target clouds can be obtained through detection, and they can be used to automatically calculate the suitable seeding time, seeding altitude and seeding dose in order to improve the accuracy and scientificity of cloud catalytic operations. Ground tests show that the reliabilities of the electric ignition tube output, new electronic fuse input and output, and electronic fuse output energy all meet the design requirements. The temporally controllable spatial-seeding rocket can achieve adjustable and controllable seeding times for catalytic bullets, meeting the safety and reliability requirements of rockets.
Impacts of Differing Melt Regimes on Satellite Radar Waveforms and Elevation Retrievals
Authors: Ronan Alexander , Hawley Robert , Chipman Jonathan
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Geodetic surface mass balance calculations rely on satellite radar altimeters such as CryoSat-2 to understand elevation and volume changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). However, the impact of varying GrIS shallow subsurface stratigraphic conditions on Level 2 CryoSat-2 elevation products is poorly understood. We investigate the reliability of the Offset Center of Gravity (OCOG) and University College London Land-Ice elevation (ULI) retracking algorithms through the analysis of, and comparison with, Level 1B waveform-derived Leading-Edge Width (LeW). We generate a 2010 to 2021 LeW time series using temporal clustering and Bayesian Model averaging and compare with Level 2 OCOG and ULI elevation time series. This workflow is performed at Summit Station, NEEM, and Raven Camp, chosen to represent the upper and lower bounds of the dry-snow zone, and percolation zone respectively. We note that melting event, snowpack recovery, and potentially anomalous snow accumulation and high-speed winds signatures are evident in Summit Station’s LeW time series. We find that Level 1B LeW has a significant inverse relationship with the ULI Level 2 elevations at NEEM and Summit Station, and likely the entire dry snow zone. The ULI Level 2 elevations at Raven Camp, and likely the entire percolation zone, have no clear elevation bias associated with significant melt events. The OCOG retracked elevations showed no significant association with LeW at any site. Future work is needed to understand the impacts of GrIS high-speed wind events and snow accumulation on elevation products, as well as to create retracking algorithms that are more resilient to abrupt changes in the shallow subsurface.
Assessing supraglacial lake depth using ICESat-2, Sentinel-2, TanDEM-X, and in situ sonar measurements over Northeast Greenland
Authors: Lutz Katrina , Bever Lily , Sommer Christian , Humbert Angelika , Scheinert Mirko , Braun Matthias
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Supraglacial lake development in Greenland consists of intricate hydrological processes, contributing not only to surface mass loss, but also to a lowering of the surface albedo and changes in ice dynamics. While the estimation of lake area has recently improved, the determination of the lake volume is essential to properly estimate the amount of water contained in and lost from supraglacial lakes throughout the melt seasons. In this study, four supraglacial lake depth estimation methods, including two new regression approaches, are presented and compared to each other. The first empirical equation is based on depth information gathered from ICESat-2 crossings over 19 lakes in Northeast and Southwest Greenland, whereas the second empirical equation uses in situ sonar tracks, providing depth information from four lakes on Zachariæ Isstrøm in Northeast Greenland. The depths from both equations are independently correlated to their corresponding Sentinel-2 reflectance values to create empirical relations. The third method is a standardly used radiative transfer model also based on Sentinel-2 data. Finally, the depths for five lakes in Northeast Greenland were derived from TanDEM-X digital elevation models after lake drainage. All four methods were applied to the five lakes for which digital elevation models were able to be procured, allowing for a direct comparison of the methods. In general, the sonar-based equation aligned best with the estimates from the digital elevation model until its saturation point of 8.6 m. Through the evaluation of the ICESat-2-based equation, a strong influence of lake bed sediment could be seen. The appropriately adapted equation produced slightly deeper depths than the sonar-based equation. The radiative transfer model more strongly overestimated nearly all depths below its saturation point of 16.3 m, when compared to the digital elevation model results. This large overestimation can be primarily attributed to the sensitivity of this method’s parameters. Furthermore, all methods, with the exception of the digital elevation model, were applied to an area in Northeast Greenland on the peak melt dates for the years 2016 to 2022. Finally, a closer look into the uncertainties for each method provides insight into associated errors and pitfalls when considering which method to use for supraglacial lake depth estimation. Overall, the use of empirically derived equations are shown to be capable of simplifying supraglacial lake depth calculations, while retaining sufficient accuracy under certain conditions.
Classification of synoptic circulation patterns with a two-stage clustering algorithm using the modified structural similarity index metric (SSIM)
Authors: Winderlich Kristina , Dalelane Clementine , Walter Andreas
Published: May 2024

Abstract. We develop a new classification method for synoptic circulation patterns with the aim to extend the evaluation routine for climate simulations. This classification is applicable to any region of the globe of any size given the reference data. Its unique novelty is the use of the modified structural similarity index metric (SSIM) instead of traditional distance metrics for cluster building. This classification method combines two classical clustering algorithms used iteratively, hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) and k-medoids, with only one pre-set parameter – the threshold on the similarity between two synoptic patterns expressed as the structural similarity index measure (SSIM). This threshold is set by the user to imitate the human perception of the similarity between two images (similar structure, luminance, and contrast), whereby the number of final classes is defined automatically. We apply the SSIM-based classification method to the geopotential height at the pressure level of 500 hPa from the ERA-Interim reanalysis data for 1979–2018 and demonstrate that the built classes are (1) consistent with the changes in the input parameter, (2) well-separated, (3) spatially stable, (4) temporally stable, and (5) physically meaningful. We demonstrate an exemplary application of the synoptic circulation classes obtained with the new classification method for evaluating Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) historical climate simulations and an alternative reanalysis (for comparison purposes): output fields of CMIP6 simulations (and of the alternative reanalysis) are assigned to the classes and the Jensen–Shannon distance is computed for the match in frequency, transition, and duration probabilities of these classes. We propose using this distance metric to supplement a set of commonly used metrics for model evaluation.
Benchmarking the accuracy of higher-order particle methods in geodynamic models of transient flow
Authors: Gassmöller Rene , Dannberg Juliane , Bangerth Wolfgang , Puckett Elbridge Gerry , Thieulot Cedric
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Numerical models are a powerful tool for investigating the dynamic processes in the interior of the Earth and other planets, but the reliability and predictive power of these discretized models depends on the numerical method as well as an accurate representation of material properties in space and time. In the specific context of geodynamic models, particle methods have been applied extensively because of their suitability for advection-dominated processes and have been used in applications such as tracking the composition of solid rock and melt in the Earth's mantle, fluids in lithospheric- and crustal-scale models, light elements in the liquid core, and deformation properties like accumulated finite strain or mineral grain size, along with many applications outside the Earth sciences. There have been significant benchmarking efforts to measure the accuracy and convergence behavior of particle methods, but these efforts have largely been limited to instantaneous solutions, or time-dependent models without analytical solutions. As a consequence, there is little understanding about the interplay of particle advection errors and errors introduced in the solution of the underlying transient, nonlinear flow equations. To address these limitations, we present two new dynamic benchmarks for transient Stokes flow with analytical solutions that allow us to quantify the accuracy of various advection methods in nonlinear flow. We use these benchmarks to measure the accuracy of our particle algorithm as implemented in the ASPECT geodynamic modeling software against commonly employed field methods and analytical solutions. In particular, we quantify if an algorithm that is higher-order accurate in time will allow for better overall model accuracy and verify that our algorithm reaches its intended optimal convergence rate. We then document that the observed increased accuracy of higher-order algorithms matters for geodynamic applications with an example of modeling small-scale convection underneath an oceanic plate and show that the predicted place and time of onset of small-scale convection depends significantly on the chosen particle advection method. Descriptions and implementations of our benchmarks are openly available and can be used to verify other advection algorithms. The availability of accurate, scalable, and efficient particle methods as part of the widely used open-source code ASPECT will allow geodynamicists to investigate complex time-dependent geodynamic processes such as elastic deformation, anisotropic fabric development, melt generation and migration, and grain damage.
AutoATES v2.0: Automated Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale mapping
Authors: Toft Håvard B. , Sykes John , Schauer Andrew , Hendrikx Jordy , Hetland Audun
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Avalanche risk assessment is complex and challenging, with terrain assessment as one of the most fundamental factors. To aid people's terrain assessment, Parks Canada developed the Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES), a system that classifies the severity of avalanche terrain into five classes from non-avalanche terrain to extreme terrain. Manual classification is laborious and dependent on expert's assessments. To ease the process Larsen et al. (2020) developed an automated ATES model (AutoATES v1.0). Although the model allowed large-scale mapping, it had some significant limitations. This paper presents an improved AutoATES v2.0 model improving the potential release area (PRA) model, utilizing the new Flow-Py runout simulation package. Furthermore, it incorporates forest density data in the PRA, in Flow-Py, and in a newly developed post-forest-classification step. AutoATES v2.0 has also been rewritten in open-source software, making it more widely available. The paper includes a validation of the model measured against two consensus maps made by three experts at two different locations in western Canada. For Bow Summit, the F1 score (a measure of how well the model performs) improved from 64 % to 77 %. For Connaught Creek, the F1 score improved from 40 % to 71 %. The main challenge limiting large-scale ATES classification is the determination of optimal input parameters for different regions and climates. In areas where AutoATES v2.0 is applied, it can be a valuable tool for avalanche risk assessment and decision-making. Ultimately, our goal is for AutoATES v2.0 to enable efficient, regional-scale, and potentially global ATES mapping in a standardized manner rather than based solely on expert judgment.
Effects of the built environment on travel distance in bus-oriented, medium-sized cities in China
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Shi Lanxin , Tang Junqing , Li Jiaying , Zhao Pengjun , Liu Qian , Chen Jun , Ma Changxi
Published: May 2024

The impact of the built environment and weather conditions on travel behavior has been widely studied. However, limited studies have focused on better understanding such effects in medium-sized cities with bus-oriented transit systems, particularly from a separate perspective of travelers’ origins and destinations. We took Weinan, China, as a representative of second-tier cities in developing countries that concentrate on bus-oriented development strategies. New evidence of feature importance and nonlinear effects of crucial factors were revealed by an interpretable machine learning-based approach combining XGBoost and Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) with multi-source data. Most key factors were critical at both origins and destinations, such as the density of residential and commercial facilities. However, several important factors, such as road density and boarding time, had strong imbalanced effects on travel behavior. These findings provide novel insights and empirical implications to support urban planning strategies in medium-sized cities.
THE FEASIBILITY OF USING METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (MQ2) IN CREATING A GAS LEAK DETECTOR
Authors: Elsa P Sagayadoro Dr. Rowena , V. Nanit Jan Namiel , Piloton Rhaine Jasmine , C. Mariano Angela Anya , Trinanes Patrick Don
Published: May 2024

Gas leaks and the danger they bring with them remain a primary concern for many despite the advances in current technology. The challenges people face in preventing gas leakage in their environment are the knowledge about gas leaks and the expensive tools and countermeasures they need to purchase in return for their safety. Thus, the study utilized experimental research wherein the main objective of the study was to create a gas leak detector using a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MQ2) as the primary component and interfaced with Arduino UNO to activate the alarm system of the device. The study's results proved the feasibility of the Metal Oxide Semiconductor sensor as the main component in making a gas leak detector in terms of the distance the device can detect gas leakage, detecting up to 2 meters. Second, the amount of time it takes for the sensor to detect a gas leak, with averages of 4.62 seconds for 0.5 meters and 9.39 seconds for 1 meter. The researchers determined that the gas leak detector can detect gas leaks up to 2 meters with an interval of half a meter, as all the trials that were done resulted in a passing rate.
Выемка при расследовании киберпреступлений: особенности производства
Authors: ISKAKOVA B.
Published: May 2024

This scientific article explores the peculiarities of seizure in the investigation of cybercrime. The authors consider the issues related to the need to involve information security specialists in this procedure. Special attention is paid to the issues of copying information from electronic media and protection of digital evidence. The article also analyzes cases when copying information may be prohibited in order to preserve data integrity and ensure law enforcement. The amendments to criminal procedure legislation proposed in the conclusions may be useful for improving the efficiency of cybercrime investigation and observing the legitimate rights and interests of all participants in criminal proceedings.

В данной научной статье исследуются особенности производства выемки при расследовании киберпреступлений. Авторы рассматривают вопросы, связанные с необходимостью привлечения специалистов в области информационной безопасности при проведении данной процедуры. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам копирования информации с электронных носителей и защите цифровых доказательств. Статья также анализирует случаи, когда копирование информации может быть запрещено в целях сохранения целостности данных и обеспечения правопорядка. Предлагаемые в выводах изменения в уголовно-процессуальное законодательство могут быть полезными для улучшения эффективности расследования киберпреступлений и соблюдения законных прав и интересов всех участников уголовного процесса.

Бұл ғылыми мақалада киберқылмыстарды тергеу кезінде қазба өндірісінің ерекшеліктері зерттелген. Авторлар осы процедураны жүргізу кезінде ақпараттық қауіпсіздік саласындағы мамандарды тарту қажеттілігіне байланысты мәселелерді қарастырады. Электрондық тасымалдағыштардан ақпаратты көшіру және цифрлық дәлелдемелерді қорғау мәселелеріне ерекше назар аударылады. Мақала сонымен қатар деректердің тұтастығын сақтау және құқықтық тәртіпті қамтамасыз ету мақсатында ақпаратты көшіруге тыйым салынуы мүмкін жағдайларды талдайды. Қорытындыларда ұсынылған қылмыстық іс жүргізу заңнамасына енгізілген өзгерістер киберқылмыстарды тергеудің тиімділігін жақсарту және қылмыстық процеске қатысушылардың барлығының заңды құқықтары мен мүдделерін сақтау үшін пайдалы болуы мүмкін. Түйінді сөздер: тәркілеу, тергеу әрекеті, қылмыстық іс жүргізу, тергеу, киберқылмыс, интернет ұрлау.
Effect of Crude Oil Spillage and Constraints Associated with Artisanal Fishing in Oil-Spilled Areas of Bayelsa State
Authors: G. I. Wilcox
Published: May 2024

This study considered the effect of crude oil spillage and constraints associated with artisanal fishing in oil-spilled areas of Bayelsa State. The study's goals were to find out the respondents' socioeconomic status, determine how the spill of crude oil affected artisanal fishing, and pinpoint the obstacles to artisanal fishing output in particular oil-spilled areas. A simple random selection technique was employed to select 100 respondents, from whom a questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data that was collected. Men made up the majority of respondents (77%), according to the study's main findings. In the region where crude oil spilled, 55% of the artisanal fishermen were between the ages of 45 and 55. Married respondents made up 84% of the sample, and 60% had finished secondary school. The respondents had a mean of 25.4 years of experience and an average household size of 6. The main obstacles to artisanal fishing in the areas affected by the spill of crude oil were the following: water pollution, rising consumption, lack of government support, issues with marketing, spoiled fish, funding and credit issues, absence of extension services, climate change and flooding, poor processing facilities, high labour costs, health issues, and a scarcity of fishing baits. This study makes several recommendations, including better processing facilities, increased access to bank loans at lower interest rates for farmers, expanded and strengthened extension services, and the establishment of policies by the government, private citizens, and corporate entities that will boost output and improve the profitability of artisanal fishing.
INDICADORES DE MERCADO DO PICLES DE CHARUTINHO (Hemiodus spp.)
Authors: Santos Junior Luiz Monteiro dos , Almeida Bruno Kaleb dos Santos , Santos Paulo Roberto Brasil , Atayde Hérlon Mota
Published: May 2024

Exemplares frescos de charutinho (Hemiodus spp.) foram utilizados na elaboração de quatro formulações de picles: F1 = 55v4s, F2 = 55v5s, F3 = 45v4s e F4 = 45v5s, diferentes entre si quanto ao percentual de vinagre de álcool e sal comum iodado, indicados respectivamente pelos números anteriores às letras “v” e “s” das formulações. Elas foram analisadas por 78 julgadores não treinados quanto aos indicadores e escala hedônica: aceitabilidade (sete pontos), intenção de compra (cinco pontos) e frequência de consumo (mista). Somente as formulações com menos vinagre (F3 e F4) foram aceitas, e entre elas, aquela com o mais sal (F4) alcançou maior média. Essa mesma formulação também recebeu as melhores avaliações quanto à intenção de compra e frequência de consumo. Os picles de charutinho apresentaram resultados promissores quanto aos indicativos mercadológicos. A formulação contendo menos vinagre e mais sal é a mais adequada para iniciativas empreendedoras.
Boundary value problems for nonlinear fractional differential equations with $\psi$-Caputo fractional
Authors: Elomari M'hamed , Bourhim Fatima Ezzahra , Kassidi Abderazzak , El Mfadel Ali
Published: May 2024

In this present paper, we will envisaged the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the following boundary value problem for a nonlinear fractional differential equation involving with $\psi$-Caputo fractional derivative. Our results are proved under Banach contraction principle and Krasnoselkii's fixed point theorem.
Generalized quasi-conformal curvature tensor and the spacetime of general relativity
Authors: Babu S. Girish , Polaepalli Siva Kota Reddy , Shivprasanna G. S. , Somashekhara G. , Alloush Khaled A. A.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a study of generalized quasi-conformal curvature tensor has been made on the four dimensional spacetime of general relativity. Some results related to the application of such spacetime in the general relativity are obtained. Perfect fluid and dust fluid cosmological models have also been studied.
GC-MS analysis and antioxidant activity of Gyrocarpus asiaticus Willd.
Authors: Maity Surajit , Krishna Padhy Gopal , Kanta Kanthal Lakshmi , pattanayak Suman
Published: May 2024

Aims: The plant Gyrocarpus asiaticus Willd mainly found in south India comes under the family Hernandiaceae. Present phytochemical analysis by GC-MS is to identify compounds and their structural determination and examine antioxidant properties of the plant. Methodology: GC-MS analysis of a hydroalcoholic extract of Gyrocarpus asiaticus Willd was done on Shimadzu QP 2010 Ultra, and carrier gas was used as Helium and Nitrogen. In-vitro antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract carried out by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, Ascorbic acid used as a standard drug and analyzed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer (Analytical 2008). Result: The GC-MS analysis of the hydroalcoholic extract shows there are several phytochemical constituents present. From the library of the GC-MS, there are a total of 105 compounds are identified like Alpha -toluenephosphoric acid, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester, n-Tetradecanoic acid, Eicosen-1-ol, N -Tridecoic acid, Phytyl eicosanoate, Pentadecane carboxylic acid, Heptadecanoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Doxepin, Rotenone, Vitamin D3, Vitamin D2, Beta carotene, Calcifediol, Vitamin E, Amoxapine, Cholesteone. The in-vitro antioxidant study of 20,40,60,80,100 μg/ml concentration of the hydroalcoholic extract of the plant shows % of free radical scavenging activity like 46.07, 56.27, 68.35, 73.89, and 73.55 and shows IC50 value 44.63. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Gyrocarpus asiaticus WILLD shows various biologically active compounds and significant antioxidant activity.
Multi Targeted Ligands for Potential Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4, Acetylcholinesterase and Cyclooxygenase 2
Authors: Arfeen Minhajul , Alqasem Ruba , Alwahabi Mashal
Published: May 2024

Two series of novel compounds were designed by combining indomethacin and ibuprofen with sixteen sulfa drugs. These compounds were systematically evaluated through target fishing using the Pharm Mapper, leading to the identification of DPP-4, AChE, and COX-2 as potential targets. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of designed compounds against the identified three target proteins. The results revealed that the designed compounds exhibited binding affinities ranging from ~8 to -12kcal/mol, 12 to 13 kcal/mol and 8 to 11kcal/mol for DPP-4, AChE and COX-2 respectively. The binding affinities were found to be comparable or higher than binding affinity of co-crystallized ligand, which was found to be ~10, 12 and 9 kcal/mol respectively. Further investigation into the binding modes of these compounds was carried out. Notably, for DPP-4 complexes, interactions with Arg125, Glu205, and Glu206 were observed which are essential for substrate and inhibitor binding. For AChE complexes, interactions involved crucial His447 residues, essential for acetylcholine hydrolysis. In the case of COX-2, hydrogen bond interaction was noted with Arg120 located at the entrance of the hydrophobic channel. Despite favorable binding potentials, ADME profiling highlighted five compounds (1A, 1F, 1G, 1H, and 1O) with drug-like characteristics but lacking blood-brain barrier permeation ability. Out of five compounds, 1H stood out, demonstrating superior binding affinity and interactions vital residues necessary for catalytic activity of three enzymes. Thus, 1H emerges as a promising candidate for Multi-Targeted Drug-Like (MTDL) development aimed at addressing diabetes mellitus related dementia.
MALIGNANT MELANOMA – METASTASES IN GIT: REPORT OF 4 CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Second Department of Surgery, University Hospital St. Marina, Medical University - Varna, Bulgaria., Bozhkov Vasil , Chernopolsky Plamen ,   Second Department of Surgery, University Hospital St. Marina, Medical University - Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: We present four cases of malignant melanoma metastases in GIT. The symptoms which led to the hospitalization of the patients were ileus in two cases, hematemesis and hematochezia. Results: We performed operative treatment - small intestinal resection because of intussusception followed by anastomosis in three patients and in one patient, liver resection and bitruncular sigmostomy. The histopathology revealed metastases for malignant melanoma. All of the patients had previous operation for a skin form of malignant melanoma, and chemotherapy or immunotherapy was performed. The patients had a postoperative period without complications. Conclusions: Malignant melanoma is a widely common disease. It is the third neoplastic diseases which give metastases in the small intestine. Malignant melanoma metastases in the GIT are initially asymptomatic, but in time, they manifest with clinical presentation of ileus or bleeding from the GI tract.
Prevalence of Biomedical Health Risk Factors among Staff of Kashim Ibrahim College of Education Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors:   Kashim Ibrahim College of Education Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria., Saleh Maryam Saidu , Abdullah Abdulsalam ,   Kashim Ibrahim College of Education Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria., Gaya Muhammed Wakili Umar ,   Kashim Ibrahim College of Education Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This study assessed prevalence of biomedical health risk factors among staff members of Kashim Ibrahim College of Education, Maiduguri, in Borno State, Nigeria. A survey research design was employed for this study, focusing on a sample of 57 staff members from the college. Participants’ demographic information, including age, sex, and staff cadre, was collected. Biomedical health risk factors, such as high blood cholesterol, impaired fasting blood glucose, and obesity, were assessed using appropriate measurements and diagnostic criteria. Prevalence of high blood cholesterol (>5.0 mmol/l) was 14.04%, with a higher prevalence among females (20.0%) compared to males (10.81%). Academic staff had a prevalence of 18.18%, while non-academic staff had a prevalence of 11.43%. Participants aged 41-50 years had the highest prevalence at 26.32%. Prevalence of impaired fasting blood glucose (>5.6 mmol/l) was 24.56%, with a higher prevalence among females (25.0%) compared to males (24.32%). Academic staff had a prevalence of 40.91%, while non-academic staff had a prevalence of 14.29%. Participants aged 61 and above had the highest prevalence at 66.67%. Prevalence of obesity (BMI>30.0 kg/m²) was 21.05%, with a significantly higher prevalence among females (50.0%) compared to males (5.41%). Academic staff had a prevalence of 27.27%, while non-academic staff had a prevalence of 17.14%. Participants aged 51-60 years had the highest prevalence at 35.71%. The study revealed a notable prevalence of biomedical health risk factors, including high blood cholesterol, impaired fasting blood glucose, and obesity, among staff members of Kashim Ibrahim College of Education, Maiduguri. These findings highlight the importance of implementing health promotion and preventive measures within the college community to mitigate the risk of chronic degenerative diseases. Routine medical check-ups, access to sports facilities, and health awareness programs are recommended to improve the overall health and well-being of staff members.
Potential of Exosomes as Therapeutics and Therapy Targets in Cancer Patients
Authors:   University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany., Schwarzenbach Heidi
Published: May 2024

After an initial positive response to chemotherapy, cancer patients often acquire chemoresistance and tumor relapse which make cancer to the most lethal diseases worldwide. Exosomes are essential mediators of cell-to-cell communication by delivering their cargo, such as proteins, RNAs and DNA from cell to cell. They participate in cancer progression, metastasis, immune response and therapy resistance. Their ability to shuttle between cells make them to efficient drug delivery systems. As drug transporters, they provide novel strategies for cancer therapy by advancing targeted drug therapy and improving the therapeutic effects of anti-cancer medications. With this review, a comprehensive overview on the potential of exosomes as therapeutics agents and targeted molecules in the treatment of cancer patients is given. The current challenges of preparation of loading exosomes with drugs and delivering them to the recipient tumor cells as well as a consequent exosome-mediated cancer therapy are also discussed.