bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo epidemiológico das variáveis sociodemográficas associados aos casos notificados de meningite no estado do Piauí
Authors: Pacheco Nagila Iane , Carneiro Gabriel de Sousa , Lira Adryana Ryta Ribeiro Sousa , Cruz Victor Trindade da , Tavares André Cardoso , Coutinho Ivanira Vieira Loiola , Barbosa Thalyne Gonçalves , Lopes Danielle Costa , Pacheco Chrislayne Alves Gondim , Mendes Luiza Aragão Paiva Pires Ferreira
Published: January 2022

Introdução: A meningite infecciosa é um importante problema de saúde pública mundial. No Brasilé um tipo de doença de notificação compulsória. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo geral traçar o perfil sociodemográficos dos casos notificados de Meningite no estado do Piauí entre os anos de 2010 a 2020. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão retrospectiva e descritiva com estudo quantitativo. O estudo constituiu-se de uma avaliação das informações obtidas, o qual teve início nas bases de dados do SINAN Resultados e Discussão: Verificou-se 2.458 casos notificados de meningite no período de 2010 a 2020, com maior número dos casos no sexo masculino 1.498 (60,94%) e na faixa etária de 20-30 anos com 681 casos (27,71%). Verificou-se que 221 (8,99 %) pacientes evoluíram para óbito e 2.040 (82,99 %) pessoas tiveram alta. Consegue encontrar-se na zona urbana com 1.887 (76,77%) número de residentes e em estudantes da 5ª a 8ª série incompleta do Ensino Fundamental, com 536 casos (21,81%). Conclusão: Contudo, de acordo com os resultados obtidos neste estudo são primordiais as ações em saúde voltadas para pessoas de baixa escolaridade, além de conter maiores investigações frente o agravo nessa faixa etária e o monitoramento da vigilância epidemiológica sob a transmissão da doença.
Uma breve revisão sobre a hidroxiapatita: uma biocerâmica promissora
Authors: Lima Érica Karine Alves de , Fernandes Elaine Ferreira dos Santos , Pacheco Nágila Iane , Aguiar Eliana Silva , Lopes Danielle Costa , Mendes Luiza Aragão Paiva Pires Ferreira
Published: January 2022

Introdução: com o aumento dos problemas de estrutura óssea resultante de acidentes e muitos outros processos inflamatórios ou doenças ligadas ao envelhecimento humano, assim torna necessário estudos para aperfeiçoar os materiais ou criar novos materiais. Objetivo: este estudo elaborou um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a biocerâmica hidroxiapatita.Resultados e Discursão: constatou-se que esse material é constituído à base de fosfato de cálcio possuem composição análoga ao da matriz óssea, sendo promissor em diversas aplicações na área da biotecnologia, possuindo excelentes propriedades, como biocompatibilidade, osteocondutividade e bioatividade. As rotas de sintetização é um dos precursores de suas características favoráveis para as diversas áreas de aplicação científicas e tecnológicas, como liberação de fármaco, a matriz é capaz de adsorver substâncias hidrofílicas e hidrofóbicas; aplicação de implantes por conta da dimensão e da morfologia dos poros que permite a passagem de corrente sanguínea; na odontologia usada em diversas funções tais como neutralizar a hipersensibilidade dentinária, mas também para reparo da esmaltação e prevenção de cárie. Conclusão: constata-se que, HA é de grande interesse para inovações tecnológicas, trazendo avanços na bioengenharia e aperfeiçoando aplicações existentes.
O impacto do isolamento social da COVID-19 na auto percepção da saúde geral e emocional de brasileiros
Authors: Oliveira Priscila Feliciano de , Jesus Amanda Souza de , Oliveira Anderson Barbosa Sá , Santos Swyanne Vitória Rodrigues dos , Silva Aparecida Grasiele de Lima , Oliveira Gabriele Sousa de , Raposo Oscar Felipe Falcão , Guedes-Granzoti Raphaela Barroso
Published: January 2022

A fim de proteger a população da COVID-19 e conter a disseminação do vírus foi proposto o isolamento social. Porém, o confinamento e as medidas restritivas de circulação geraram impactos negativos na população, no que diz respeito principalmente à saúde e ao aspecto emocional. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto do isolamento social da COVID-19 na autopercepção da saúde geral e emocional de brasileiros. Metodologia: Fizeram parte deste estudo 660 participantes, sendo a coleta realizada de agosto a setembro de 2020 durante a pandemia da Covid -19. Foi aplicado um questionário por meio eletrônico idealizado pelos pesquisadores com 26 perguntas fechadas de múltipla escolha (dados de identificação, saúde em geral e aspectos emocionais). Resultados: Média de idade de 36 anos, sendo 80% do gênero feminino, residentes de todos os estados brasileiros. 36,2% trabalharam em home office e 17,4% perderam o emprego durante a pandemia. 50,7% cumpriram o isolamento social à risca. Dentre os aspectos emocionais a ansiedade (p=0,083) e estresse (p=0,014) foram as mais destacadas, além de existir mudança significativa na alimentação (p=0,017) e presença de zumbido (p=0,070). Dos sujeitos positivos para COVID-19 (n=73) os dados foram significativos para estresse (p=0,017),  presença de zumbido (p=0,038) e tontura (p=0,000). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o isolamento social foi um fator de risco para aumento do estresse, mudança de hábitos alimentares e aparecimento de zumbido, além de uma tendencia maior para ansiedade; e que a infecção por COVID-19 foi um fator de risco para o estresse e para o surgimento de tontura e zumbido entre os participantes.
Qualidade físico-química, microbiológica e identificação de compostos voláteis em amostras comerciais de queijo parmesão ralado
Authors: Andrade Vinícius Moura , Machado Ana Maria de Resende , Gomes Fátima de Cássia Oliveira
Published: January 2022

O queijo parmesão é consumido pela população na forma ralada, o que tem proporcionado uma maior opção de marcas do produto no mercado. No entanto, o queijo é um produto susceptível a contaminações, oferecendo riscos à Saúde Pública. Poucos estudos sobre esse assunto têm sido publicados na literatura, tornando-se importante averiguar a qualidade dos produtos disponíveis no mercado. Assim, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica, determinar o teor de umidade e o perfil de compostos voláteis de diferentes amostras embaladas e a granel de queijo parmesão ralado, disponíveis no comércio, verificando se os produtos atendem aos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação. Em relação a umidade, observou-se que 50% das amostras apresentaram valores acima do permitido (20 g/100 g). Nas análises microbiológicas verificou-se que 70% das amostras estavam impróprias para o consumo com contagens acima do permitido pela legislação para bolores e leveduras, Staphylococcus spp. e coliformes totais. Em algumas amostras foram identificadas a presença de coliformes termotolerantes e Escherichia coli, mas não ultrapassaram o padrão estabelecido pela legislação. A análise dos compostos voláteis permitiu a identificação de 31 compostos de diferentes classes como cetonas (7), ésteres (7), ácidos carboxílicos (6), aldeídos (4), álcoois (2), lactonas (2), hidrocarboneto aromático (1), terpeno (1) e triacetina (1).  Observou-se variação na composição química entre os queijos embalados e a granel. Essas variações podem ser observadas na falta de uniformidade das amostras o que requer a necessidade de uma fiscalização mais eficiente pelos órgãos oficiais e melhorias nas condições higiênicas durante a fabricação.
Avaliação da deposição de defensivos agrícolas sobre o aplicador e a influência de parâmetros meteorológicos
Authors: Pereira Priscila Souza , Fernandes Haroldo Carlos , Cecon Paulo Roberto , Souza Lucas Moraes Rufini de , Teixeira Cleonice Campos
Published: January 2022

A utilização de defensivos agrícolas para proteção das lavouras é uma prática comum no agronegócio. No entanto, além de ser necessária a minimização dos impactos ambientais associados à esta prática, também é de suma importância que os trabalhadores estejam adequadamente protegidos, a fim de que não haja impactos à saúde ocupacional. Neste contexto, o presente artigo teve como objetivo avaliar a deposição de defensivos agrícolas sobre o aplicador durante o preparo e a aplicação da calda em condições padronizadas e em condições adversas de vento e vazamento. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, avaliando-se a aplicação de dois defensivos agrícolas com pulverizador costal manual e ponta com formato do jato em cone cheio. Para a avaliação da deposição dos produtos sobre o aplicador foram utilizadas etiquetas de papel hidrossensível, sobre os EPIs, posicionadas em 28 partes do corpo. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as partes do corpo avaliadas foram atingidas por defensivos agrícolas. O vento também se mostrou um parâmetro meteorológico relevante para o aumento da deposição de defensivos sobre o aplicador, bem como os vazamentos acidentais de calda. Conclui-se que a aplicação de defensivos agrícolas por meio da utilização de pulverizador costal manual demanda a utilização de EPIs capazes de neutralizar a exposição à agentes químicos para todas as partes do corpo dos aplicadores, de forma a promover a adequada segurança ocupacional e que a incidência de vento também potencializa a deriva e consequente aumento da deposição de defensivos agrícolas sobre o aplicador.
Frequência de procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados na clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia do Recife
Authors: Costa Bianca Maria Beserra , Ribeiro Filho Jorge Miguel Albrecht , Melo Filho Diogo Cabral de , Silva Iasmin Cirino da , Santana Maíra Letícia Ferreira de , Silva Girlane Iris da , Santos Thamiris Micaeli Xavier dos , Santos Neto José Raimundo dos , Ancelmo Neto Antonio , Silva Douglas Wedson Ferreira da , Medeiros Patricia Cortez de
Published: January 2022

Este estudo mostra a frequência de procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados na clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia do Recife. A instituição oferece procedimentos cirúrgicos a população, interagindo com a comunidade e sua responsabilidade social. O trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar um apanhado teórico sobre o tema “Direito à Saúde e a Problemática das Demandas Judiciais por Medicamentos”. Com o intuito de construir uma reflexão e sugestões para desburocratizar os procedimentos cirúrgicos. Perante a necessidade social da utilização do Sistema Único de Saúde e o aumento da demanda pela população. O presente estudo é descritivo, observacional e transversal onde foram examinadas 500 fichas escolhidas aleatoriamente entre os meses de maio a agosto de 2018. A justificativa do trabalho é evidenciada através da concepção de levantamento do quantitativo realizado na instituição, discutir o tema com o âmbito social. Métodos: para isso foi realizada uma revisão de literatura através da busca de artigos no PubMED/Medline, Lilacs e Scielo. Como instrumental de pesquisa foi utilizado a entrevista para coleta de dados primários e posterior análise documental na instituição. Pôde-se concluir que o SUS é moderno em sua concepção e dotado de arcabouço social extenso, porém mostra-se insuficiente para garantir o que preceitua e neste cenário o Ministério Público, tem sido importante instrumento buscado pela sociedade civil a fim de garantir o direito ao atendimento em saúde.
MULTILATERAL VIEW OF SHOAH EVENTS THROUGH LITERARY TEXTS
Authors: MAŠÁT MILAN , SLADOVÁ JANA
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the potential of literary texts with the theme of Shoah in the field of forming the desired profile of citizens of a democratic society. After the introduction, we briefly focus on the anchoring of the Shoah in Czech curricular documents focusing on the educational field of Czech Language and Literature, then we deal with the possibilities of Literary Education in the presentation of Shoah events and then the importance of multilateral perspective on the Shoah and its educational and axiological potential. We demonstrate various multilateral views on the issue of the Shoah with artistic narratives in which one line of events of the Second World War is viewed from another or from different angles.
WHY SHOULD LOCAL GOVERNMENTS HAVE A DEVELOPED COMMUNICATION STRATEGY? AN ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPAL COMMUNICATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: JURÁSEK MIROSLAV , WAWROSZ PETR
Published: January 2022

The creation of a communication strategy is an indicator of the subject's approach to communication with the public. The article, based on a sample of 160 municipalities of the Czech Republic, empirically demonstrates that an elaborated communication strategy enhances the public value of intangible assets particularly in the following areas: various segments of citizens are better targeted through a greater number of frequented communication channels, municipal employees are more frequently trained in communication issues, crisis communication plans are likely to be prepared. On the other hand, we confirmed that all these factors are limited to some extent by the size of the municipality and the financial resources allocated for communication.
Acceptable Limits for n-Hexane in Spacecraft Atmospheres
Authors: Garcia Hector D.
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:The Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) for C2-C9 alkanes set by NASA in 2008 under the guidance and approval of the National Research Council specifically excluded SMACs for n-hexane. Unlike other C2-C9 alkanes, n-hexane can cause polyneuropathy
after metabolism in humans or rodents and so requires more stringent SMACs than the other members of this group do. This document reviews the relevant published studies of n-hexane toxicity to develop exposure duration-specific SMACs for n-hexane of 200 ppm for 1 hour, 30 ppm for 24 hours,
and 2.4 ppm for 7 days, 30 days, 180 days, and 1000 days.Garcia HD. Acceptable limits for n-hexane in spacecraft atmospheres. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(12):956–961.
Remesas y agencia económica de las universitarias en el Valle del Mezquital
Authors: Huerta Mata Rosa María
Published: January 2022

The article’s objective is to analyze the economic agency acquired by university students through the international remittances support network. During September and October 2019, five indepth interviews were conducted with female law students from the Actopan Higher School of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo. Young women’s households receive remittances whose function is to help them economically, a network built through the family connection with their maternal uncles. The student’s mothers are sorors which allows young women to obtain economic agency. This analysis contributes to the knowledge about one of the effects of remittances on households in the Mezquital Valley, Mexico. The results of the study only focus on one region of the country.
Factores de riesgo de caries en niños pre escolares de la Amazonía peruana
Authors: Uchima Koecklin Karin Harumi, , Barahona Hernandez Mayra Belén , Pereda Santos Gary , Bruno Luyo Julio César , Sánchez Sotomayor Julio César , Rojas Apaza Zenaida , Castañeda Sarmiento Sara , Arieta Miranda Jessica , Chein Villacampa Sylvia Antonieta , Díaz Soriano Ana María , Torres Ramos Gilmer , Ruiz Yasuda Catherine
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Investigar la influencia de los factores sociodemográficos y las características atribuidas al huésped, sustrato y microorganismos en el riesgo de caries de infancia temprana en niños de 2 a 5 años de una comunidad rural de la Amazonía peruana. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en 155 niños de 2 a 5 años del distrito de Pichanaki. Se realizó un examen clínico, y cuestionario. Para el análisis de riesgo, se realizaron modelos de regresión logística univariados y multivariados, corregidos mediante el método de Holm-Bonferroni y un bootstrapping con 10000 ciclos de muestreo. Resultados: La prevalencia de caries fue del 83.3%. Los factores asociados a caries dental fueron los antecedentes de infecciones del tracto urinario durante el embarazo (p = 0.005), una higiene bucal pobre (p = 0.001), el compartir cubiertos con su cuidador principal (p = 0.018), y tener hermanos mayores con caries (p = 0.025). El análisis univariado mostró que las infecciones urinarias durante el embarazo, la mala higiene bucal, compartir cubiertos y tener hermanos mayores con caries aumentaron el riesgo de caries. El modelo multivariado mostró que solo la mala higiene bucal (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.34 – 2.96, p = 0.001) y la infección urinaria (OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.13 – 7.81, p = 0.027) se asociaron a un mayor riesgo de caries dental. Conclusión: Las infecciones urinarias durante el embarazo y una higiene bucal inadecuada son factores fuertemente predisponentes para la caries de infancia temprana en niños de 2 a 5 años de una comunidad rural de la Amazonía peruana.
Pulpectomía de una periodontitis periapical aguda realizada en una sola cita en un paciente infante. Reporte de caso
Authors: Palomino Ríos Ethel Violeta , Torres Ramos Gilmer , Barzola Loayza Marya
Published: January 2022

El uso de las pastas medicadas en el tratamiento de los abscesos dentales mediante el procedimiento de la pulpectomía ayuda a mantener las piezas dentales primarias afectadas. El objetivo de realizar este tratamiento fue evaluar el éxito clínico y radiográfico de la modificación del mecanismo de obturación intracanal de la pulpectomía realizada en una sola cita. Se presenta el reporte de caso clínico de un paciente de 2 años 10 meses de género masculino, con diagnóstico periodontitis apical aguda, donde se realizó pulpectomía en una sola cita. En la evaluación clínica a los 7 días se observó silencio clínico y ausencia del absceso dental. Al mes y a los 4 meses, también hubo ausencia del absceso dental y de la sintomatología. A los 12 meses, en una nueva evaluación clínica, se mantuvo el silencio clínico y radiográficamente, se observó ausencia de imagen radiolúcida patológica interradicular o periapical y se evidenció regeneración ósea. La pulpectomía realizada en una sola cita puede considerarse un tratamiento eficaz para mantener la integridad de la pieza primaria afectada, pero se requieren más estudios y seguimientos a largo plazo que evalúen esta modificación de obturación utilizada en este tipo de pulpectomía.
Manejo de los hábitos orales en odontopediatría: Revisión de literatura
Authors: Awuapara Flores Shereen , Bendezú Bendezú Luz Anabel , Vicente Ramos Nadia Paola , Bustos de la Cruz Juana Rosa , Otazú Aldana Claudia Gabriela , Camarena Crisóstomo Angela , Díaz Ugás María Alejandra , Medina Bravo Angela María , Vargas Gil Jhoanna Nathaly
Published: January 2022

Oral habits are responsible for many dentoalveolar and soft tissue disorders. Knowledge of the management of these is of vital importance for the clinician. The purpose of this review is to search in the scientific literature, the management of the most common oral habits, in order to create a treatment guide that helps the clinician in their management. Methods: 121 articles were revised from the databases Pubmed, Cochrane library, Ebsco, Scielo and Google Scholar. Systematic reviews, meta analysis, randomized clinical trials and clinical guides were prioritized in the search, with a publish date not greater than 5 years. After the final review and selection, 45 articles were used. The search was carried out in English and Spanish, using the keywords for the topics: non-nutritive sucking, atypical swallowing, mouth breathing, bruxism, and lip sucking or biting. Conclusions: the management of oral habits is multidisciplinary. There are different types of therapies and appliances for each of them, so it is important to make an adequate diagnosis and treatment plan according to the conditions and particular needs of each patient.
Bridging the gap among social classes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2006)
Authors: Sene Abdou
Published: January 2022

The Biafra War has been the subject of many historical accounts and literary texts. Among the novels produced about the Biafra War is Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) where the author recounts not only the events leading to the war but also those during and just after the conflict. Though the events of the Biafra War constitute the central theme in Half of a Yellow Sun, Adichie also deals with the relationships among social classes in this novel. One may wonder why the author shows that some upper-class people are keen on their difference, their ‘superiority’, and, on the other hand, people of the upper and middle classes are human and respectful towards lower-class persons. What is the purpose of the writer in drawing this parallel? From a socialist and humanist perspective, this article deals with “bridging the gap among social classes in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun.” Based on sociology, psychology, socialism, and humanism, the paper will first deal with the criticism of the Nigerian upper class and then with Adichie’s advocacy for a socialist and humanist society.
PERANAN ZENDING BAGI KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT TOLAKI DI POLI-POLIA KOLAKA BAGIAN TIMUR: 1918-1942
Authors: Sandu Ferdinand , Syahrun Syahrun , Hisna Hisna
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan Peranan Zending bagi kehidupan Masyarakat Tolaki di Poli-Polia Kolaka bagian Timur: 1918-1942. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah menurut Kuntowijoyo dengan melalui lima tahapan kerja, yaitu (1) Pemilihan Topik, (2) Pengumpulan Sumber, (3) Kritik Sumber, (4) Interpretasi Sumber, dan (5) Historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Proses masuknya Zending di Poli-Polia terjadi pada tahun 1915. Kedatangan zending tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh badan Pekabaran Injil atau badan penyebaran agama Kristen Protestan yang dalam Bahasa Belanda disebut Nenderlandsch Zending Vereninging (NZV). Selain itu latar belakang yang mendorong zending mengutus Ds. Hendrik van der Klift untuk masuk ke jazirah Sulawesi Tenggara adalah untuk memberitakan Injil dan melakukan pembaptisan kepada penduduk-penduduk pribumi yang ingin mengikuti ajaran agama Kristen Protestan. Selain menyebarkan agama Kristen Protestan, Ds. Hendrik van der Klift juga berperan dan memiliki misi di antaranya: (a) mendirikan Sekolah Rakyat dan Sekolah Guru guna mendidik para penduduk pribumi yang ada di pelosok-pelosok kampung, (b) mengajarkan masyarakat tentang kesenian bernyanyi dan melakukan perlombaan musik bambu, (c) mendirikan poliklinik guna memberikan pertolongan kepada masyarakat yang sakit dan mengajarkan kepada ibu-ibu tentang merawat bayi, (d) membaptis dan mengajarkan anak-anak dan para orang tua tentang kasih kristus serta mengajak para masyarakat untuk masuk agama Kristen Protestan, (e) memberikan pemahaman tentang cara bertani dan bercocok tanam menggunakan padi di areal persawahan dengan bantuan hewan ternak berupa kerbau dan sapi untuk membajak sawah, (f) memberikan bantuan kepada masyarakat berupa pakaian, makanan, tembakau, dan lain sebagainya.
KADIE LAPANDEWA SEBAGAI MATANA SORUMBA KESULTANAN BUTON PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN SULTAN DAYANU IKHSANUDDIN: 1610-1631
Authors: Halimuna Halimuna , Ali Basri La Ode , Hayari Hayari
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyebab Kadie Lapandewa dijadikan sebagai Matana Sorumba Kesultanan Buton, untuk mengetahui kedudukan Kadie Lapandewa dalam struktur pemerintahan Kesultanan Buton, dan untuk mengetahui fungsi Kadie Lapandewa sebagai Matana Sorumba Kesultanan Buton bagian Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian sejarah menurut Kuntowijoyo yang terdiri dari lima tahap yaitu: (1) Pemilihan topik; (2) Heuristik sumber; (3) Verifikasi sumber; (4) Interpretasi sumber; serta (5) Historiografi.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kadie Lapandewa dijadikan sebagai Matana Sorumba Kesultanan Buton karena Lapandewa sebelumnya merupakan bagian dari pertahanan dan keamanan Kerajaan Tobe-Tobe sehingga sebagai Matana Sorumba yang salah satu tugas utamanya adalah untuk menjaga keamanan wilayah tertentu, dalam hal ini keamanan wilayah Lapandewa, diharapkan dapat terlaksana dengan baik; (2) Kesultanan Buton dalam strukturnya terdiri atas dua bagian besar yaitu Wilayah Barat (Sukanaeo) yang dipimpin oleh  Bontona Peropa dan Wilayah Timur (Matanaeo) yang dipimpin oleh Bontona Baluwu. Lapandewa termasuk dalam wilayah Matanaeo. Kadie Lapandewa dalam struktur pemerintahan Kesultanan Buton termasuk dalam pembinaan Bontona Baluwu yang merupakan salah satu anggota Siolimbona; (3) Fungsi Kadie Lapandewa sebagai Matana Sorumba Kesultanan Buton bagian Selatan dapat terlihat dalam fungsi politik, fungsi ekonomi, fungsi sosial, dan fungsi pertahanan.
DISTRIK RUMBIA PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN MOKOLE I PIMPIE: 1950-1962
Authors: Karmianti Karmianti , Suddin Suharni , Malik Elmy Selfiana
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil Mokole I Pimpie dan untuk mengetahui perkembangan Distrik Rumbia pada masa Pemerintahan Mokole I Pimpie 1950-1962. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah dengan tahapan sebagai berikut: (1) pemilihan topik; (2) heuristik sumber; (3) verifikasi sumber; (4) interprestasi sumber, serta (5) historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Mokole I Pimpie merupakan putra dari Mokole Munara. Mokole I Pimpie menggantikan Mokole Munara menjadi Kepala Distrik dengan gelar Mokole Keuwia-Rumbia ke-V pada tahun 1950. Pada masa pemerintahan Mokole I Pimpie, Distrik Rumbia mendapat gangguan keamanan dari gerombolan badik dan juga gangguan dari kelompok DI/TII. Distrik  Rumbia di bawah pimpinan Mokole I Pimpie pada mulanya merupakan wilayah yang makmur, namun setelah masuknya gerombolan DI/TII di Rumbia pada sekitar tahun 1953 wilayah Rumbia menjadi terpuruk. Kondisi keamanan Distrik Rumbia yang tidak kondusif dengan adanya gerombolan DI/TII memengaruhi berbagai bidang kehidupan masyarakat Rumbia, baik dalam bidang ekonomi, sosial budaya, serta politik. Mokole I Pimpie mulai memulihkan kembali kondisi Distrik Rumbia setelah gerombolan DI/TII berhasil ditumpas pada tahun 1959 hingga berakhirnya sistem kedistrikan pada tahun 1962.
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP KINERJA ANGGARAN ASPEK IMPLEMENTASI PADA SATUAN KERJA LINGKUP BPKP RI: ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN
Authors: Putra Yudha Perdana
Published: January 2022

Multidimensional crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been forcing the Indonesian Government to take a number of extraordinary policies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indonesia's National Government Internal Auditor (BPKP) also affected by these policies. BPKP had to make several adjustments and refocusing on its budget and activities. However, in regular budget performance evaluation at the end of 2020, there are indications that some performance indicators for the implementation of the 2020 budget at units level have decreased. Considering these condition, this study aims to determine whether there are differences in the value of budget performance at units level in BPKP by comparing four variables in measuring budget performance of implementation of the year before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to test all variables measuring budget performance on the implementation aspect. The result showed that there were differences in the value of budget performance in BPKP of the year before and after the covid-19 pandemic. Futhermore, two variables which are budget absorption consistency and budget efficiency showing the differences and tendency to decrease. Meanwhile, the other two did not show any difference.
TANTANGAN ADMINISTRASI PENGENAAN PAJAK KARBON DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sutartib Muh.
Published: January 2022

Pengenaan pungutan atas karbon baik dalam bentuk pajak atau cukai menjadi semakin umum dilakukan di berbagai negara sehubungan dengan kekhawatiran terjadinya perubahan iklim akibat bertambahnya emisi karbondioksida (CO2) yang berimplikasi dengan efek gas rumah kaca. Di Indonesia pungutan atas karbon menjadi semakin mendesak setelah meratifikasi Persetujuan Paris. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis tantangan yang akan dihadapi oleh pemungut pajak (fiskus) terutama tantangan administrasi jika pengenaan pajak karbon disetujui oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan reseacrh design berupa case study menggunakan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan sampai dengan September 2021. Penelitian menghasilkan pilihan dalam mendesain pajak karbon bisa dilakukan dengan Pendekatan Bahan Bakar, Pendekatan Emisi Langsung atau gabungan dari dua pendekatan ini. Indonesia sebaiknya mengenakan pajak karbon untuk sektor transportasi, rumah tangga, industri kecil maupun kegiatan sejenis menggunakan Pendekatan Bahan Bakar sedangkan untuk pembangkit tenaga listrik, industri-industri besar serta kegiatan lainnya yang emisi GRK besar dan tidak hanya berasal dari penggunaan bahan bakar fosil sebaiknya memakai Pendekatan Emisi Langsung. Pembuatan payung hukum yang menugaskan institusi (K/L) lain untuk membantu fiskus dalam mendesain pajak karbon terutama untuk aktivitas yang menimbulkan jejak karbon (Pendekatan Emisi Langsung) mutlak diperlukan agar diperoleh desain pajak karbon yang tepat serta mudah diimplementasikan.

Kata kunci: emisi karbondioksida, gas rumah kaca, pungutan karbon, persetujuan paris
Home-Based Peanut Oral Immunotherapy for Low-Risk Peanut-Allergic Preschoolers During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Chua Gilbert T. , Chan Edmond S. , Soller Lianne , Cook Victoria E. , Vander Leek Timothy K. , Mak Raymond
Published: January 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the deprioritization of non-emergency services, such as oral food challenges and the initiation of oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food-allergic children. Recent studies have suggested that home-based peanut OIT could be a safe and effective option for low-risk peanut-allergic children. In the period between September 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021, nine preschoolers with a history of mild allergic reactions to peanut underwent home-based peanut OIT. Eight of them (88.9%) completed the build-up phase at home in 11–28 weeks, tolerating a daily maintenance dose of 320 mg peanut protein. During the build-up, six patients (75.0%) reported urticaria, three (33.3%) reported gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and one (14.3%) reported oral pruritis. None of the patients developed anaphylaxis, required epinephrine, or attended emergency services related to OIT. One or two virtual follow-up visits were completed per patient during the build-up phase. Our case series shows that home-based OIT could be offered to the low-risk preschoolers during the COVID-19 pandemic when non-emergency services are limited and could be considered beyond the pandemic, especially for the families living in the rural or remote areas that may otherwise be unable to access OIT.
Two-Dimensional Photoacoustic/Ultrasonic Endoscopic Imaging Based on a Line-Focused Transducer
Authors: Pang Weiran , Wang Yongjun , Guo Lili , Wang Bo , Lai Puxiang , Xiao Jiaying
Published: January 2022

Existing acoustic-resolution photoacoustic/ultrasonic endoscopy (PA/USE) generally employs a point-focused transducer for ultrasound detection, which is only sensitive in its focal region, thus the lateral resolution and sensitivity drop dramatically when the targets move far from its focus. Even if a dynamic focusing algorithm is applied, the sensitivity out of the transducer focus is still much lower than that in the focus in ultrasonic imaging mode. In this work, we propose an acoustic-resolution PA/USE with a line-focused transducer to realize automatic focusing for the first time. In comparison to a point-focused transducer, the line-focused transducer emits a more uniform sound field, causing the original signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the front and rear targets to be closer in the radial direction, which is beneficial for improving target signal uniformity in ultrasonic imaging. Simultaneously, we improved the resolution of the defocus area by modifying a prior work of back-projection (BP) reconstruction algorithm typically used in point-focused transducer based PAE and applying it to line-focused PA/USE. This combined approach may significantly enhance the depth of field of ultrasonic imaging and the resolution of the defocus zone in PA/US imaging, compared to the conventional method. Sufficient numerical simulations and phantom experiments were performed to verify this method. The results show that our method can effectively improve the lateral resolution in the image’s defocused region to achieve automatic focusing and perfectly solve the defect of the target signal difference in the far-focus region in ultrasonic imaging, while also enhancing the image SNR and contrast. The proposed method in this paper lays foundations for the realization of photoacoustic/ultrasonic combined endoscopy with enhanced lateral resolution and depth of field, which can potentially benefit a many of biomedical applications.
Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Thermal Ablation of Hepatic Focal Nodular Hyperplasia——A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Yu Xuan , Chang Jiandong , Zhang Dezhi , Lu Qiang , Wu Songsong , Li Kai
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: To evaluate the clinical effect of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous thermal ablation of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients undergoing US-guided percutaneous thermal ablation of FNH from November 2008 to August 2021 at five medical centers in China was conducted.

Results: A total of 53 patients were included (26 males and 27 females). The mean age was 35.1 ± 10.8 years. Sixty-five lesions (46 solitary cases and 7 cases with multiple lesions) were included, 70.8% (46/65) of which were located in the right liver lobe. The mean tumor length was 2.9 ± 1.5 cm. All patients successfully completed the ablation treatment. Immediate postoperative imaging showed that the primary technical success rate was 94.3% (50/53). Two patients underwent ablation 3 and 6 months after the primary ablation, and the secondary technical success rate was 100% (2/2). The incidence of complications was 3.8% (2/53). Imaging follow-up was conducted regularly after ablation, and no residual lesion enlargement or tumor recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. The technique efficacy rate was 98.1% (52/53).

Conclusion: US-guided percutaneous thermal ablation is a safe and effective treatment for FNH of the liver.
Filarial Lymphedema Patients Are Characterized by Exhausted CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Horn Sacha , Ritter Manuel , Arndts Kathrin , Borrero-Wolff Dennis , Wiszniewsky Anna , Debrah Linda Batsa , Debrah Alexander Y. , Osei-Mensah Jubin , Chachage Mkunde , Hoerauf Achim , Kroidl Inge , Layland Laura E.
Published: January 2022

Worldwide, more than 200 million people are infected with filariae which can cause severe symptoms leading to reduced quality of life and contribute to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In particular, lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti can lead to lymphedema (LE) and consequently presents a serious health problem. To understand why only a fraction of the infected individuals develop pathology, it is essential to understand how filariae regulate host immunity. The central role of T cells for immunity against filariae has been shown in several studies. However, there is little knowledge about T cell exhaustion, which causes T cell dysfunction and impaired immune responses, in this group of individuals. Recently, we showed that LE patients from Ghana harbor distinct patterns of exhausted effector and memory CD8+ T cell subsets. Based on these findings, we now characterized CD4+ T cell subsets from the same Ghanaian patient cohort by analyzing distinct markers within a 13-colour flow cytometry panel. We revealed that LE patients had increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing exhaustion-associated receptors such as KLRG-1, TIM-3 and PD-1 compared to healthy endemic normal and W. bancrofti-infected individuals. Moreover, CD4+ T cells in LE patients were characterized by distinct co-expression patterns of inhibitory receptors. Collectively with the previous findings on CD8+ T cell exhaustion patterns, the data shown here demonstrates that filarial LE patients harbor distinct subsets of exhausted T cells. Thus, T cell exhaustion patterns in LE patients need attention especially in regards to susceptibility of concomitant infections and should be taken into consideration for LE management measures.
Implicit Estimation of Paragraph Relevance From Eye Movements
Authors: Barz Michael , Bhatti Omair Shahzad , Sonntag Daniel
Published: January 2022

Eye movements were shown to be an effective source of implicit relevance feedback in constrained search and decision-making tasks. Recent research suggests that gaze-based features, extracted from scanpaths over short news articles (g-REL), can reveal the perceived relevance of read text with respect to a previously shown trigger question. In this work, we aim to confirm this finding and we investigate whether it generalizes to multi-paragraph documents from Wikipedia (Google Natural Questions) that require readers to scroll down to read the whole text. We conduct a user study (n = 24) in which participants read single- and multi-paragraph articles and rate their relevance at the paragraph level with respect to a trigger question. We model the perceived document relevance using machine learning and features from the literature as input. Our results confirm that eye movements can be used to effectively model the relevance of short news articles, in particular if we exclude difficult cases: documents which are on topic of the trigger questions but irrelevant. However, our results do not clearly show that the modeling approach generalizes to multi-paragraph document settings. We publish our dataset and our code for feature extraction under an open source license to enable future research in the field of gaze-based implicit relevance feedback.
Misinterpretation of Genomic Data Matters for Endangered Species Listing: The Sub-specific Status of the Peñasco Least Chipmunk (Neotamias minimus atristriatus)
Authors: Hope Andrew G. , Frey Jennifer K.
Published: January 2022

We provide a response to a recently published evaluation of the subspecies status of the Peñasco least chipmunk (Neotamias minimus atristriatus). The work we discuss used exon capture genomic approaches and concluded that their results did not support the distinction of this taxon as a subspecies, with recommendation that it be synonymized with N. m. operarius. We refute the interpretations, conclusions, and taxonomic recommendations of this study, and explain in clearer terms how to interpret genomic analyses for applied management. We identify four broad conceptual issues that led to errant recommendations: (1) interpretation of subspecies and diagnosability, (2) inappropriate use of reciprocal monophyly as a criterion for subspecies, (3) importance of geographic isolation, and (4) error in hypothesis testing and misinterpretation of results. We conclude that the data from this genomic appraisal add to information from prior studies providing strong support for recognition of N. m. atristriatus as a subspecies. Our conclusions have important and immediate implications for the proposed listing of N. m. atristriatus as an endangered species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
Association Between Preoperative Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio on In-hospital and Long-Term Mortality in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Repair for Acute Type B Aortic Dissection
Authors: Xie Enmin , Yang Fan , Luo Songyuan , Liu Yuan , Xue Ling , Huang Wenhui , Xie Nianjin , Chen Lyufan , Liu Jitao , Yang Xinyue , Su Sheng , Li Jie , Luo Jianfang
Published: January 2022

Aims: The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), a novel marker of inflammation and cardiovascular events, has recently been found to facilitate the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection. This study aimed to assess the association of preoperative MHR with in-hospital and long-term mortality after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 637 patients with acute TBAD who underwent TEVAR from a prospectively maintained database. Multivariable logistic and cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between preoperative MHR and in-hospital as well as long-term mortality. For clinical use, MHR was modeled as a continuous variable and a categorical variable with the optimal cutoff evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve for long-term mortality. Propensity score matching was used to diminish baseline differences and subgroups analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results.

Results: Twenty-one (3.3%) patients died during hospitalization and 52 deaths (8.4%) were documented after a median follow-up of 48.1 months. The optimal cutoff value was 1.13 selected according to the receiver operator characteristic curve (sensitivity 78.8%; specificity 58.9%). Multivariate analyses showed that MHR was independently associated with either in-hospital death [odds ratio (OR) 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-3.85, P = 0.015] or long-term mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.78, 95% CI 1.31-2.41, P < 0.001). As a categorical variable, MHR > 1.13 remained an independent predictor of in-hospital death (OR 4.53, 95% CI 1.44-14.30, P = 0.010) and long-term mortality (HR 4.16, 95% CI 2.13-8.10, P < 0.001). Propensity score analyses demonstrated similar results for both in-hospital death and long-term mortality. The association was further confirmed by subgroup analyses.

Conclusions: MHR might be useful for identifying patients at high risk of in-hospital and long-term mortality, which could be integrated into risk stratification strategies for acute TBAD patients undergoing TEVAR.
Can Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Facilitate Weaning of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (CaRe-ECMO)? Study Protocol for a Prospective Multidisciplinary Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zheng Yu , Sun Hao , Mei Yong , Gao Yongxia , Lv Jinru , Pan Dijia , Wang Lu , Zhang Xintong , Hu Deliang , Sun Feng , Li Wei , Zhang Gang , Zhang Huazhong , Chen Ying , Wang Shenrui , Zhang Zhongman , Li Baoquan , Chen Xufeng , Zhang Jinsong , Lu Xiao
Published: January 2022

Background: Mortality of patients suffering from critical illness has been dramatically improved with advanced technological development of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. However, the majority of ECMO-supported patients failed to wean from ECMO therapy. As one of several options, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation serves as effective intervention in the improvement of cardiovascular and respiratory function in various major critical illness. Nonetheless, its role in facilitating ECMO weaning has not yet been explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation on rate of ready for ECMO weaning in ECMO-supported patients (CaRe-ECMO).

Methods: The CaRe-ECMO trial is a randomized controlled, parallel group, clinical trial. This trial will be performed in a minimum number of 366 ECMO-supported eligible patients. Patients will be randomly assigned to either: (1) the CaRe-ECMO group, which will be treated with usual care including pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacotherapy, and specific nursing for ECMO therapy and the CaRe-ECMO program; or (2) the control group, which will receive usual care only. The CaRe-ECMO program consists of protocolized positioning, passive range of motion (PROM) training, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), surface electrical phrenic nerve stimulation (SEPNS), and pulmonary rehabilitation. The primary outcome of the CaRe-ECMO trial is the rate of ready for ECMO weaning at CaRe-ECMO day 7 (refers to 7 days after the CaRe-ECMO program initiation). Secondary outcomes include rate of ECMO and mechanical ventilation weaning, total length in day of ready for ECMO weaning, ECMO weaning and mechanical ventilation, all-cause mortality, rate of major post-ECMO complications, ECMO unit length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS, total cost for hospitalization, cerebral performance category (CPC), activities of daily living (ADL), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Discussion: The CaRe-ECMO is designed to answer the question “whether cardiopulmonary rehabilitation can facilitate weaning of ECMO (CaRe-ECMO).” Should the implementation of the CaRe-ECMO program result in superior primary and secondary outcomes as compared to the controls, specifically the add-on effects of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation to the routine ECMO practice for facilitating successful weaning, the CaRe-ECMO trial will offer an innovative treatment option for ECMO-supported patients and meaningfully impact on the standard care in ECMO therapy.

Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05035797.
Numerical Simulation of the Influence of CO2 on the Combustion Characteristics and NOX of Biogas
Authors: Ma Jinshuang , Qi Chuanjia , Luo Siyi , Zuo Zongliang
Published: January 2022

The existence of inert gases such as N2 and CO2 in biogas will reduce the proportion of combustible components in syngas and affect the combustion and NOX formation characteristics. In this study, ANSYS CHEMKIN-PRO software combined with GRI-MECH 3.0 mechanism was used to numerically simulate the effects of different CO2 concentrations (CO2 volume ratio in biogas is 0–41.6%) on flame combustion temperature, flame propagation speed and nitrogen oxide formation of complex biogas with low calorific value. The results showed that when the combustion reaches the chemical equilibrium, the flame combustion temperature and flame propagation speed decrease with the increase of CO2 concentration, and the flame propagation speed decreases even more slowly. Meanwhile, the molar fraction of NO at chemical equilibrium decreases with the increase of CO2 concentration and the decrease is decreasing, which indicates that the effect of CO2 concentration in biogas on NO is simpler. While the molar fraction of NO2 does not change regularly with the change of CO2 concentration, the effect of CO2 concentration in biogas on NO2 is complicated. The highest molar fraction of NO2 was found at chemical equilibrium when the CO2 concentration was 33.6%, when the target was a typical low calorific value biogas.
Stopping Winter Flooding of Rice Fields to Control Invasive Snails Has no Effect on Waterbird Abundance at the Landscape Scale
Authors: Bernardo-Madrid Rubén , Vera Pablo , Gallardo Belinda , Vilà Montserrat
Published: January 2022

The invasive apple snail (Pomacea maculata) appeared in 2010 in the Ebro Delta Natural Park, an important area for rice production and waterbird conservation in the eastern Mediterranean. To control crop damage, farmers stopped flooding their rice fields in winter, an agri-environmental scheme (AES) applied for more than 20 years in some European and American regions to favor flora and fauna from wetlands, including wintering waterbirds. Thus, apple snail control is controversial because of its potential side effects on international waterbird conservation efforts. Despite the fact that 10 years have passed since the first flooding limitations, and the alarms raised by the managers of the Natural Park, the side effects of apple snail management on waterbird conservation have not been evaluated. Here we fill this gap by analyzing a 35-year time series to assess whether abundance trends of 27 waterbird species, from five functional groups, decreased in the Ebro Delta after stopping winter flooding. We considered the effects of confounding local factors by also assessing trend changes in l’Albufera, a similar nearby not invaded wetland where flooding has not been interrupted. In addition, as a control of the positive effect of winter flooding, we also assessed whether abundance trends increased in both wetlands after applying this AES winter flooding. Our results showed complex and decoupled trend changes across species and geographical areas, without statistical evidences, in general or for any particular functional group, on the positive effect of winter flooding in both wetlands neither on the negative effect of its cessation in Ebro Delta. These results suggest the safety of this apple snail control in terms of waterbird abundance at a landscape scale. In addition, these results question, at least in two important wintering areas in Europe, the attractor role associated with the flooding agri-environmental scheme applied for decades.