bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Two Salt Tectonics Systems Meet: Gliding Downslope the Levant Margin and Salt Out‐Squeezing From Under the Nile Delta
Authors: Ben Zeev Y. , Gvirtzman Z.
Published: November 2020

At present, salt tectonics in the Levant Basin comprises extension along the continental slope and folding and thrusting in the deep basin. However, here we show that the shape, the age, and the amplitude of deformation in the extensional and contractional domains do not fit the paradigm of “updip extension and downdip contraction.” Deep basin shortening is not parallel to continental margin extension; it is younger and stronger. We propose that while extension of the Levant continental slope is an expression of basinward gliding, the deep basin shortening belongs to the circum‐Nile deformation belt (CNDB) propelled by out‐squeezing of salt from under the Nile delta. However, despite the independent driving forces, the two deformation systems seem to affect each other. In the southern part of the basin where the two systems meet, the NW gliding of the continental slope is restrained by the NE motion of the CNDB and vice versa. Interestingly, the beginning of folding along the CNDB (~2 Ma) coincides with the establishment of a continental shelf offshore Israel. We thus propose that these two apparently independent phenomena express maturity of the Nile delta that had reached a size and shape sufficient to trigger salt out‐squeezing and to form a continuous continental shelf from the Nile to Israel. This continuity allowed shelf alongshore sediment transport that further propagated the Israeli shelf northward and westward.
Water Use in Global Livestock Production—Opportunities and Constraints for Increasing Water Productivity
Authors: Heinke Jens , Lannerstad Mats , Gerten Dieter , Havlík Petr , Herrero Mario , Notenbaert An Maria Omer , Hoff Holger , Müller Christoph
Published: November 2020

Increasing population, change in consumption habits, and climate change will likely increase the competition for freshwater resources in the future. Exploring ways to improve water productivity especially in food and livestock systems is important for tackling the future water challenge. Here we combine detailed data on feed use and livestock production with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) statistics and process‐based crop‐water model simulations to comprehensively assess water use and water productivity in the global livestock sector. We estimate that, annually, 4,387 km3 of blue and green water is used for the production of livestock feed, equaling about 41% of total agricultural water use. Livestock water productivity (LWP; protein produced per m3 of water) differs by several orders of magnitude between livestock types, regions, and production systems, indicating a large potential for improvements. For pigs and broilers, we identify large opportunities to increase LWP by increasing both feed water productivity (FWP; feed produced per m3 of water) and feed use efficiency (FUE; protein produced per kg of feed) through better crop and livestock management. Even larger opportunities to increase FUE exist for ruminants, while the overall potential to increase their FWP is low. Substantial improvements of FUE can be achieved for ruminants by supplementation with feed crops, but the lower FWP of these feed crops compared to grazed biomass limits possible overall improvements of LWP. Therefore, LWP of ruminants, unlike for pigs and poultry, does not always benefit from a trend toward intensification, as this is often accompanied by increasing crop supplementation.
An Extraordinary Winter in the Polar North
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: November 2020

An exceptionally strong stratospheric polar vortex coincided with a record-breaking Arctic Oscillation pattern and ozone destruction during the 2019–2020 winter season.
Global Gridded Nitrogen Indicators: Influence of Crop Maps
Authors: Kaltenegger K. , Winiwarter W.
Published: November 2020

Displaying Nitrogen (N) indicators on a global grid poses unique opportunities to quantify environmental impacts from N application in different world regions under a variety of conditions. Such calculations require the use of maps showing the geo‐spatial distribution of crop production. Although there are several crop maps in the scientific literature to choose from, the consequences of this choice for the calculation of N indicators still need to be evaluated. In this study we analyze the differences in results for N Use Efficiency (NUE) and N surplus calculated on the global scale using two different crop maps (SPAM and M3). For our calculations we used publicly available statistical and literature data combined with each crop map and carefully traced the origins of the differences in the results. Our results showed that the regions most affected by discrepancies caused by differences in crop maps (yields and physical area) are Central Asia and the Russian Federation, Australia and Oceania, and North Africa. However, we also found that the inclusion or exclusion of grass crops influences the results, as does the aggregation of crops to categories. Considering all these differences, we note that M3 seems to provide the more plausible results for the calculation of N indicators. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of determining the critical parameters for N indicator calculation, but also allows key parameters connected with N use and overuse to be identified on the global scale.
Comparisons of Nutrients Exported From Greenlandic Glacial and Deglaciated Watersheds
Authors: Martin Jonathan B. , Pain Andrea J. , Martin Ellen E. , Rahman Shaily , Ackerman Philip
Published: November 2020

Recent work demonstrates extensive nutrient exports from outlet glaciers of the Greenland Ice Sheet. In comparison, nutrient exports are poorly defined for deglaciated watersheds that were exposed during ice retreat and retain reactive comminuted glacial sediments. Nutrient exports from deglaciated watersheds may differ from glacial watersheds due to their longer exposure times, more mature chemical weathering, and ecosystem succession. To evaluate nutrient exports from glacial and deglaciated watersheds, we compare discharge and dissolved (<0.45 μm filtered) nutrient concentrations in two glacial and six non‐glacial streams in southwestern and southern Greenland. Glacial streams have orders of magnitude greater instantaneous discharge than non‐glacial streams but their specific discharges are more similar, differing by up to a factor of 10. Compared with non‐glacial streams, filtered water of glacial streams have on average (1) higher inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and PO4 concentrations, lower Si concentrations, and Fe concentrations that are not statistically different; (2) higher DIN and PO4 but lower Si specific yields; and (3) lower DIN/PO4, Si/DIN, and Fe/PO4 ratios, but indistinguishable Fe/DIN. Maximum specific yields occur in early melt season prior to maximum solar radiation for non‐glacial streams, and in mid‐melt season as solar radiation wanes for proglacial streams. Impacts to coastal ecosystems from nutrient exports depend on suspended sediment loads and processing in the estuaries, but landscape exposure during glacial terminations should decrease DIN and dissolved PO4 and increase dissolved Si exports, while increased meltwater runoff associated with future warming should increase DIN and dissolved PO4 and decrease dissolved Si exports.
Zonal Asymmetry of the QBO Temperature Signal in the Tropical Tropopause Region
Authors: Tegtmeier Susann , Anstey James , Davis Sean , Ivanciu Ioana , Jia Yue , McPhee David , Pilch Kedzierski Robin
Published: November 2020

The quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) of the equatorial zonal wind leads to zonally symmetric temperature variations in the stratosphere that descend downward. Here we investigate the QBO‐induced temperature anomalies in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and detect pronounced longitudinal variations of the signal. In addition, the QBO temperature anomalies show a strong seasonal variability. The magnitude of these seasonal and longitudinal QBO variations is comparable to the magnitude of the well‐known zonal mean QBO signal in the TTL. At the cold point tropopause, the strongest QBO variations of around ±1.6 K are found over regions of active convection such as the West Pacific and Africa during boreal winter. The weakest QBO variations of ±0.25 K are detected over the East Pacific during boreal summer, while the zonal mean signal ranges around ±0.7 K. The longitudinal variations are associated with enhanced convective activity that occurs during QBO cold phases and locally enhances the cold anomalies.
The Morphometry of Impact Craters on Bennu
Authors: Daly R. T. , Bierhaus E. B. , Barnouin O. S. , Daly M. G. , Seabrook J. A. , Roberts J. H. , Ernst C. M. , Perry M. E. , Nair H. , Espiritu R. C. , Palmer E. E. , Gaskell R. W. , Weirich J. R. , Susorney H. C. M. , Johnson C. L. , Walsh K. J. , Nolan M. C. , Jawin E. R. , Michel P. , Trang D. , Lauretta D. S.
Published: November 2020

Bennu is an ~500‐m‐diameter rubble‐pile asteroid that is the target of detailed study by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS‐REx) mission. Here we use data from the OSIRIS‐REx Laser Altimeter to assess depth‐to‐diameter ratios (d/D) of 108 impact craters larger than 10 m in diameter. The d/D of craters on Bennu ranges from 0.02 to 0.19. The mean is 0.10 ± 0.03. The smallest craters show the broadest range in d/D, consistent with d/D measurements on other asteroids. A few craters have central mounds, which is interpreted as evidence that a more competent substrate lies a few meters beneath them. The range of d/D narrows as crater size increases, with craters larger than 80 m tending toward smaller d/D. At large scales, increases in target strength with depth, combined with target curvature, may affect crater morphometry.
The Reduction in Near‐Global Cloud Cover After Correcting for Biases Caused by Finite Resolution Measurements
Authors: Dutta Soumi , Di Girolamo Larry , Dey Sagnik , Zhan Yizhe , Moroney Catherine M. , Zhao Guangyu
Published: November 2020

A solution to the common problem that sensors have in overestimating cloud fraction (CF) due to their finite resolution is implemented by the Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) to produce a resolution‐corrected CF product. Here we evaluate the efficacy of this product toward the development of an improved global cloud climatology. We found a large reduction in CF across various regions of the globe due to the correction, with reductions >0.4 in regions dominated by shallow cumulus clouds. The MISR resolution‐corrected CF lies within ±0.05–0.08 of 180 randomly selected scenes of 15‐m resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data, where MISR uncorrected CF and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) CF overestimated this benchmark by 0.40–0.50. We conclude that the CF between 50°N and 50°S is much lower than that reported by the original MISR and MODIS and that the new MISR cloud product indeed provides improved estimates of CF.
Observational Evidence for the Role of Hall Conductance in Alfvén Wave Reflection
Authors: Ivarsen Magnus F. , Park Jaeheung , Kwak Young‐Sil , Jin Yaqi , Knudsen David J. , Clausen Lasse B. N.
Published: November 2020

Electromagnetic energy carried by magnetohydrodynamic modes is an important mechanism in the energy transfer between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere. Alfvén waves are known to carry field‐aligned currents and thus play an important role in the dynamics of the ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling. The role of Hall conductance in this interplay has been explored in magnetohydrodynamic models of the ionosphere but has hitherto not been observed in situ. We use 5 years of observations from the Swarm mission to shed light on this interplay. We present a high‐latitude climatology of both the measured Poynting flux and the measured Alfvén wave reflection coefficient. Our results indicate that high‐energy precipitation, which penetrates deep into the ionosphere and directly leads to strongly enhanced Hall conductance, is an important cause of positively interfering Alfvén wave reflection. We present such observational evidence and, with that, suggest that Hall conductance is substantially more important in the ionospheric wave reflection climatology than hitherto believed.
Modified Cam‐Clay Model for Large Stress Ranges and Its Predictions for Geological and Drilling Processes
Authors: Heidari Mahdi , Nikolinakou Maria A. , Flemings Peter B.
Published: November 2020

We modify the Modified Cam‐Clay (MCC) model for large stress ranges encountered in geological applications. The MCC model assumes that the friction angle (ϕ) and the slope of the compression curve (λ) of a mudrock are constant and thus predicts constant values for the lateral effective stress ratio under uniaxial, vertical strain (K0) and undrained strength ratio (
). However, experimental work shows that λ, ϕ, and
decrease and K0 increases substantially with stress over large stress ranges (e.g., up to 100 MPa). We incorporate the stress dependency of λ and ϕ into the MCC model and use the new model to predict
and K0 ratios. The modified model, with only one additional parameter, successfully predicts the stress dependency of these ratios. We encode the modified model and use it for finite‐element analysis of a salt basin in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The stresses that the new model predicts around salt differ significantly from those predicted using the original model. We incorporate the stress dependency of the friction angle into the analytical models developed for critical tapers, wellbore drilling, and the stability of submarine channel levees. We show that the decrease of the friction angle with stress (1) results in a concave surface for critical wedges, (2) shifts the drilling window to higher mud weights and makes it narrower for a vertical wellbore, and (3) causes deep‐seated failure of submarine channel levees at lower angles. Our study could improve in situ stress and pore pressure estimation, wellbore drilling, and quantitative understanding of geological processes.
Origin and Properties of Hydrothermal Tremor at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA
Authors: Nayak Avinash , Manga Michael , Hurwitz Shaul , Namiki Atsuko , Dawson Phillip B.
Published: November 2020

Geysers are rare geologic features that intermittently discharge liquid water and steam driven by heating and decompression boiling. The cause of variability in eruptive styles and the associated seismic signals are not well understood. Data collected from five broadband seismometers at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park are used to determine the properties, location, and temporal patterns of hydrothermal tremor. The tremor is harmonic at some stages of the eruption cycle and is caused by near‐periodic repetition of discrete seismic events. Using the polarization of ground motion, we identify the location of tremor sources throughout several eruption cycles. During preplay episodes (smaller eruptions preceding the more vigorous major eruption), tremor occurs at depths of 7–10 m and is laterally offset from the geyser's cone by ~5 m. At the onset of the main eruption, tremor sources migrate laterally and become shallower. As the eruption progresses, tremor sources migrate along the same path but in the opposite direction, ending where preplay tremor originates. The upward and then downward migration of tremor sources during eruptions are consistent with warming of the conduit followed by evacuation of water during the main eruption. We identify systematic relations among the two types of preplays, discharge, and the main eruption. A point‐source moment tensor fit to low‐frequency waveforms of an individual tremor event using half‐space velocity models indicates average VS ≳ 0.8 km/s, source depths ~4–20 m, and moment tensors with primarily positive isotropic and compensated linear vector dipole moments.
Dispersion and Attenuation of Elastic Wave Velocities: Impact of Microstructure Heterogeneity and Local Measurements
Authors: Sun Chao , Tang Genyang , Fortin Jérôme , Borgomano Jan V. M. , Wang Shangxu
Published: November 2020

The variation of the seismic properties with frequency of a brine‐saturated sandstone sample with a porosity of 22% was measured using a forced oscillation apparatus. Two pairs of orthogonal biaxial strain gauges were pasted at different locations at the length center of the sample. In the frequency range of 1–300 Hz, using these two pairs of strain gauges, we observed experimentally the same global flow but different local flows (squirt flow). Therefore, the observation of the local flow is influenced by the position of the strain gauges in contrast to the global flow. Indeed, local flow is strongly influenced by the microstructure (structure of the grain contacts and microcracks). In particular, we show that although the sample is homogeneous in terms of porosity and crack density, it is not the case in terms of crack aspect ratio, which may slightly vary along the sample. A 3D diffusion model coupled with a simple squirt model was built to further interpret the data. These results show that the wave‐induced fluid flows occur at different scales and controls the dispersion and attenuation of saturated rocks.
Structure of the Freshened Surface Layer in the Kara Sea During Ice‐Free Periods
Authors: Osadchiev A. A. , Frey D. I. , Shchuka S. A. , Tilinina N. D. , Morozov E. G. , Zavialov P. O.
Published: November 2020

This work is focused on the seasonal and interannual variability of the freshened surface layer (FSL) in the Kara Sea during ice‐free periods. The majority of annual freshwater runoff inflows to the Kara Sea during the freshet period in June–July. As a result, a large low‐salinity and strongly stratified FSL is formed in the central Kara Sea at the beginning of the ice‐free period. Initially, this layer is fresh with salinities of less than 15. Then, in August–October, river discharge steadily decreases, the fresh (<15) and strongly stratified river plume remains limited to the inner part of the FSL adjacent to the Ob and Yenisei gulfs, which receives reduced freshwater discharge. The area of the fresh plume steadily decreases with decreasing of river discharge; in October, it remains only within the Ob and Yenisei gulfs. Area and position of the outer part of the FSL, on the opposite, remain stable until the end of ice‐free period. Salinities in the outer part steadily increase to 20–25, vertical salinity gradients at the boundary with the subjacent sea decrease, albeit remain prominent. Area and position of the FSL also have low interannual variability, because the volume of river runoff during freshet period in June–July is stable on interannual time scale. As a result, downward freshwater transport and the formation of the seasonal halocline occur in August–October at the stable area located in the central Kara Sea.
Rapid Urbanization and Agricultural Intensification Increase Regional Evaporative Water Consumption of the Loess Plateau
Authors: Liang Wei , Zhang Weibin , Jin Zhao , Yan Jianwu , Lü Yihe , Li Shuai , Yu Qiang
Published: November 2020

Changing evapotranspiration (ET) will impact freshwater availability, knowledge of which is a critical prerequisite for policy development related to water resources management in an evolving climate, especially for water‐limited regions. However, the socio‐economic effects are not considered due to the lack of detailed information about this. Here we used a well‐validated remote sensing model and multiple socio‐economic factors to investigate the driving factors of ET changes over the Loess Plateau during 1982–2012. Results showed that the modeled annual ET significantly increased by ~2 mm yr−2 during this period (p < 0.001), caused by increased transpiration (2.16 mm yr−2) and interception (0.27 mm yr−2), which was partly offset by decreased soil evaporation (−0.47 mm yr−2). Meanwhile, although the average ET of the forest was larger (480.4 ± 14.8 mm yr−1), it was found that the change in total ET of the region was dominated by that in grassland and cropland (1.1 km3 yr−2, 90% altogether). Factorial simulations indicated that the intensifying ET over 79.4% and 9.1% of the study area can be explained by vegetation greening and climate change, respectively. Further analysis suggested that the vegetation greening and the increased ET were primarily associated with the rapid urbanization and agricultural intensification. Our findings highlight the potential unfavorable effects of socio‐economic activities on water resources management on this coupled natural‐human system that is already facing water scarcity issues.
Spatiotemporal Variability of the Southern Annular Mode and its Influence on Antarctic Surface Temperatures
Authors: Wachter Paul , Beck Christoph , Philipp Andreas , Höppner Kathrin , Jacobeit Jucundus
Published: November 2020

The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the predominant atmospheric variability mode in the Southern Hemisphere. In this paper, we present the spatial variability results of the SAM pattern for the period 1979–2018. The SAM‐intrinsic pattern variability analysis is based on the principal component analysis (PCA), which is carried out for the ERA‐Interim 500 hPa geopotential height (GPH) data set. A spatiotemporally resolved data set of SAM pattern maps (PCA loadings) is derived by projecting monthly shifted sub‐sequences of SAM index values (PCA scores) on the corresponding GPH anomalies. The dominant SAM structure within single pattern fields is mapped automatically and can be interpreted as the Southern Hemisphere polar front. This data set allows an analysis of the geographical positions of the characteristic circumpolar SAM structure over four decades and shows considerable variability over space and time. Five different states of SAM patterns, which are associated with characteristic circulation anomalies during different phases of the study period, are identified. Station‐based Antarctic temperature anomalies can be synoptically explained by these circulation anomalies. The overall latitudinal trend of the SAM pattern indicates an intensification of the meridional structure, especially over the East Antarctic Southern Ocean. Furthermore, we show that the SAM pattern variability is significantly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Composites of 500 hPa GPH anomalies during the positive and negative phases of the respective indices indicate teleconnections with Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and this can explain latitudinal trends of the SAM pattern.
Headwater Catchments Govern Biogeochemistry in America's Largest Free‐Flowing River Network
Authors: French David W. , Schindler Daniel E. , Brennan Sean R. , Whited Diane
Published: November 2020

Riverine chemistry reflects both watershed conditions and instream processing, both of which vary across river networks, yet little is known about the scales at which watershed attributes regulate biogeochemical constituents. We used spatial stream network (SSN) models to quantify both watershed and instream effects on streamwater constituents in the Kuskokwim River (western Alaska), the largest free‐flowing river in the United States. We assessed chemical constituents spanning from labile nutrients (nitrate [NO3−] and orthophosphate [PO43−]) to biologically and chemically conservative tracers (calcium [Ca2+], strontium [Sr2+], and Sr isotopes [87Sr/86Sr]). We also examined the behavior of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) relative to these constituents to understand whether bulk DOC behaved conservatively in a large boreal river network, where future changes in DOC and nutrient loading are expected under a shifting climate. We derived watershed spatial covariates comprising land cover, geology, and geomorphic characteristics at 14 different spatial extents based on stream order and relative to position in the river network to understand the effect of distant and proximal watershed attributes on streamwater constituents. For all constituents but 87Sr/86Sr, watershed attributes in low‐order headwater catchments yielded the best predictive ability for streamwater constituent concentrations across the entire network. Spatial patterning for conservative tracers and bulk DOC showed strong spatial autocorrelation, whereas PO43− and NO3− exhibited spatial patchiness indicative of instream processing. Our work shows that headwater streams are disproportionately important contributors to network‐wide biogeochemical constituents supporting aquatic food webs and that conservation and management of aquatic systems should include these small and often remote watershed areas.
Offshore Freshened Groundwater in Continental Margins
Authors: Micallef Aaron , Person Mark , Berndt Christian , Bertoni Claudia , Cohen Denis , Dugan Brandon , Evans Rob , Haroon Amir , Hensen Christian , Jegen Marion , Key Kerry , Kooi Henk , Liebetrau Volker , Lofi Johanna , Mailloux Brian J. , Martin‐Nagle Renée , Michael Holly A. , Müller Thomas , Schmidt Mark , Schwalenberg Katrin , Trembath‐Reichert Elizabeth , Weymer Bradley , Zhang Yipeng , Thomas Ariel T.
Published: November 2020

First reported in the 1960s, offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) has now been documented in most continental margins around the world. In this review we compile a database documenting OFG occurrences and analyze it to establish the general characteristics and controlling factors. We also assess methods used to map and characterize OFG, identify major knowledge gaps, and propose strategies to address them. OFG has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3; it predominantly occurs within 55 km of the coast and down to a water depth of 100 m. OFG is mainly hosted within siliciclastic aquifers on passive margins and recharged by meteoric water during Pleistocene sea level lowstands. Key factors influencing OFG distribution are topography‐driven flow, salinization via haline convection, permeability contrasts, and the continuity/connectivity of permeable and confining strata. Geochemical and stable isotope measurements of pore waters from boreholes have provided insights into OFG emplacement mechanisms, while recent advances in seismic reflection profiling, electromagnetic surveying, and numerical models have improved our understanding of OFG geometry and controls. Key knowledge gaps, such as the extent and function of OFG, and the timing of their emplacement, can be addressed by the application of isotopic age tracers, joint inversion of electromagnetic and seismic reflection data, and development of three‐dimensional hydrological models. We show that such advances, combined with site‐specific modeling, are necessary to assess the potential use of OFG as an unconventional source of water and its role in sub‐seafloor geomicrobiology.
Forbush Decrease Characteristics in a Magnetic Cloud
Authors: Petukhova A. S. , Petukhov I. S. , Petukhov S. I.
Published: November 2020

Based on the new mechanism, the Forbush decrease characteristics are calculated for eight magnetic cloud types. It is shown that the Forbush decrease amplitude does not depend on the magnetic cloud type, while the anisotropy strongly does. The Forbush decrease spectrum for (2–150 GV) rigidities is calculated for the first time. The Forbush decrease amplitude for low rigidities is ∼100%, which can be explained by a large number of forbidden particle trajectories. The Forbush decrease amplitude rapidly decreases for high rigidities due to the geometric condition. Comparing the calculated Forbush decrease characteristics with measurements for two events shows that the Forbush decrease amplitudes agree with the measurements quantitatively, and the anisotropies do qualitatively.
Novel lncRNA UPLA1 mediates tumorigenesis and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Han Xiaoyang , Jiang Hua , Qi Jianni , Li Jiamei , Yang Jinghan , Tian Yingying , Li Wei , Jing Qi , Wang Chuanxi
Published: November 2020

With the development of molecular biotechnology and sequencing techniques, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a vital role in a variety of cancers including lung cancer. In our previous study, we used RNA sequencing and high-content screening proliferation screening data to identify lncRNAs that were significantly associated with tumour biological functions such as LINC01426. Herein, based on previous work, we report a novel lncRNA UPLA1 (upregulation promoting LUAD-associated transcript-1), which has not been explored or reported in any previous studies. Our results showed that UPLA1 is highly expressed and regulates important biological functions in lung adenocarcinoma. In vitro experiments revealed that UPLA1 promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities, and is related to cell cycle arrest, in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, the upregulation of UPLA1 significantly improved the growth of tumours in vivo. We identified that UPLA1 was mainly located in the nucleus using fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and that it promoted Wnt/β-catenin signalling by binding to desmoplakin using RNA pulldown assay and mass spectrometry. Additionally, luciferase reporter assay revealed that YY1 is the transcription factor of UPLA1 and suppressed the expression of UPLA1 as a transcriptional inhibitor. This finding provides important evidence regarding the two roles of YY1 in cancer. Furthermore, in situ hybridisation assay results showed that UPLA1 was closely related to the prognosis and tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stage of lung adenocarcinoma. In summary, our results suggest that the novel lncRNA UPLA1 promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and may be used as a prognostic marker, and thus, has considerable clinical significance.
WDHD1 is essential for the survival of PTEN-inactive triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ertay Ayse , Liu Huiquan , Liu Dian , Peng Ping , Hill Charlotte , Xiong Hua , Hancock David , Yuan Xianglin , Przewloka Marcin R. , Coldwell Mark , Howell Michael , Skipp Paul , Ewing Rob M. , Downward Julian , Wang Yihua
Published: November 2020

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer that lacks the oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, making it difficult to target therapeutically. Targeting synthetic lethality is an alternative approach for cancer treatment. TNBC shows frequent loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) expression, which is associated with poor prognosis and treatment response. To identify PTEN synthetic lethal interactions, TCGA analysis coupled with a whole-genome siRNA screen in isogenic PTEN-negative and -positive cells were performed. Among the candidate genes essential for the survival of PTEN-inactive TNBC cells, WDHD1 (WD repeat and high-mobility group box DNA-binding protein 1) expression was increased in the low vs. high PTEN TNBC samples. It was also the top hit in the siRNA screen and its knockdown significantly inhibited cell viability in PTEN-negative cells, which was further validated in 2D and 3D cultures. Mechanistically, WDHD1 is important to mediate a high demand of protein translation in PTEN-inactive TNBC. Finally, the importance of WDHD1 in TNBC was confirmed in patient samples obtained from the TCGA and tissue microarrays with clinic-pathological information. Taken together, as an essential gene for the survival of PTEN-inactive TNBC cells, WDHD1 could be a potential biomarker or a therapeutic target for TNBC.
Strategies to enhance the electrochemical performances of Pt-based intermetallic catalysts
Authors: Zhang Jiaxi , Zhang Longhai , Cui Zhiming
Published: November 2020

This feature article overviews the recent advances on the strategies to enhance the electrochemical performances of Pt-based Intermetallic catalysts.
Anisotropic interfacial properties of monolayer C2N field effect transistors
Authors: Dong Mi-Mi , Zhang Guang-Ping , Li Zong-Liang , Wang Ming-Lang , Wang Chuan-Kui , Fu Xiao-Xiao
Published: November 2020

Monolayer C2N is promising for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic applications due to its appropriate band gap and high carrier efficiency.
Engineering the interface between LiCoO2 and Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolytes with an ultrathin Li2CoTi3O8 interlayer to boost the performance of all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Wang Chuan-Wei , Ren Fu-Cheng , Zhou Yao , Yan Peng-Fei , Zhou Xiao-Dong , Zhang Shao-Jian , Liu Wen , Zhang Wei-Dong , Zou Ming-Hua , Zeng Lei-Ying , Yao Xia-Yin , Huang Ling , Li Jun-Tao , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: November 2020

A schematic interfacial structure of LCTO@LCO and illustrations of the potential profile near the LGPS/LCO interface with and without the LCTO interlayer.
In vitro simulated digestion and colonic fermentation of lychee pulp phenolics and their impact on metabolic pathways based on fecal metabolomics of mice
Authors: Huang Guitao , Wang Zhineng , Wu Guangxu , Cao Xuejiao , Zhang Ruifen , Dong Lihong , Huang Fei , Zhang Mingwei , Su Dongxiao
Published: November 2020

Biochemical change and bioactivities of lychee pulp phenolics following simulated human digestion and in vivo metabolism in mice.
Macrophage-stimulating activity of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) peptides in RAW264.7 cells mediatedviaNF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Yao Lijun , Yang Peng , Luo Wenqi , Li Shuiming , Wu Yan , Cai Nan , Bi Decheng , Li Hui , Han Qingguo , Xu Xu
Published: November 2020

This is the first study to investigate the immunostimulatory effect of eel peptide (EP) fromAnguilla anguillain RAW264.7 cells, and the most effective component of EP mainly consisted of collagen-derived Hyp-containing peptides.
Strengthening epoxy adhesives at elevated temperatures based on dynamic disulfide bonds
Authors: Tsai Hsing-Ying , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Fujita Takehiro , Naito Masanobu
Published: November 2020

Epoxy resins incorporating aromatic disulfide bonds demonstrated improved adhesive properties with increasing temperature below their glass transition points.
The hydrogen storage properties of MgH2–Fe7S8 composites
Authors: Cheng Ying , Bi Jia , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2020

A highly efficient, safe, and non-toxic polysulfide material (Fe7S8) can remarkably enhance the kinetics of MgH2.
Labile oxygen participant adsorbate evolving mechanism to enhance oxygen reduction in SmMn2O5with double-coordinated crystal fields
Authors: Wang Li , Li Hui , Liu Jieyu , Lang Xiuyao , Wang Weichao
Published: November 2020

The oxygen reduction reaction mechanism (LAM) was proposed over the Mn-based mullite SmMn2O5with dual coordination crystal fields to reduce the ORR overpotential.
Mo-doped induced amorphous phase and sulfur vacancy healing in VS4 for enhancing the storage of lithium ions
Authors: Yu Lü-qiang , Zhao Shi-Xi , Yuan Ye , Wei Guo-dan , Zhao Jian-Wei
Published: November 2020

Deriving from the healing of sulfur vacancies and amorphous structure, the performance of Mo-doped VS4 has been enhanced.
Distinct neural ensemble response statistics are associated with recognition and discrimination of natural sound textures
Authors: Zhai Xiu , Khatami Fatemeh , Sadeghi Mina , He Fengrong , Read Heather L. , Stevenson Ian H. , Escabí Monty A.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Being able to recognize and discriminate natural sounds, such as from a running stream, a crowd clapping, or ruffling leaves, is a critical task of the normal functioning auditory system. Humans can easily perform such tasks, yet they can be particularly difficult for the hearing impaired and they challenge our most sophisticated computer algorithms. This difficulty is attributed to the complex physical structure of such natural sounds and the fact they are not unique: they vary randomly in a statistically defined manner from one excerpt to the other. Here we provide evidence that the central auditory system is able to encode and utilize statistical sound cues for natural sound recognition and discrimination behaviors.
Characterization, stability, and application of domain walls in flexible mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Deng Bolei , Yu Siqin , Forte Antonio E. , Tournat Vincent , Bertoldi Katia
Published: November 2020

Significance

Mechanical metamaterials are an interesting platform to reproduce atomistic-scale phenomena at the macroscale and to exploit them to achieve additional functionalities. An interesting feature of many ordered solid-state materials is the formation of domain walls that separate different phases. While these interfaces have been reproduced in a variety of mechanical materials, the understanding of how to control them is still poor owing to their structural complexity. Here, we use a combination of experimental, numerical, and theoretical tools to engineer the domain walls emerging upon uniaxial compression in a mechanical metamaterial based on the rotating-squares mechanism. Our study reveals additional territories in the mechanical metamaterials design space which could unlock more tools for information encryption, stiffness tuning, and wave guiding.
Molecular-dynamic analysis of the strength change through absorption for metal nano-structures during the interaction with a metal melt
Authors: Golovnev I F , Golovneva E I , Fomin V M
Published: November 2020

The present work is addressed to the development of the technique of calculation of the strength change for the metal samples under external loadings by the molecular-dynamics method. Such a strength change results from the absorption interaction with a metal melt on the nano-structure surface (a kind of the Rebinder effect). The timeliness of this problem is associated with the creation of the optimal technology of formation and processing of structural materials for up-to-date equipment. The paper presents the developed approaches to the Rebinder effect simulation by the molecular-dynamics method. The influence of a melted silver drop on a copper surface on mechanical characteristics and general geometry of the system under the action of the tension stress is studied by means of comparison with the copper sample under the action of the same tension stress.
Phenomenological models of kinetics of processes in the systems with continuum fluid phase for the optimization of ultrasonic cavitation energy efficiency
Authors: Golykh Roman N.
Published: November 2020

The general approach for modeling of processes in the systems with continuum fluid phase under ultrasonic cavitation influence was proposed. This approach includes studying of all stages of ultrasonic energy transformation begun from ultrasonic radiator and ended up to target change of medium structure; calculating of real energy spent for medium structure change. Models of kinetics of real processes (macromolecules mechanical destruction and dispersing of suspension particles) under ultrasonic cavitation influence were developed. They models use proposed general approach and allow to evaluate optimum modes providing maximum energy efficiency of processes and improving of final product parameters.
Influence of pore fluid on the compressive strength of high-strength concrete under dynamic loading
Authors: Konovalenko Ig S , Shilko E V , Konovalenko Iv S
Published: November 2020

Based on the coupled discrete element-finite difference method, we developed a numerical model of the mechanical behavior of water-saturated brittle composite materials with two-scale porosity. The model takes into account the structural, physicomechanical, and rheological parameters of the components and parameters of component interaction. Using the model, we numerically studied the influence of pore fluid on the dynamic strength of water-saturated high-strength concretes with various features of the pore structure. We showed that the value of dynamic compressive strength is a function of the complex parameter, which characterizes the ratio of the strain rate of the porous skeleton to the rate of fluid flow through the pore network. We identified two factors that control the strength of water-saturated concrete in a wide range of variation of the applied strain rate and skeleton permeability.
Global unique solvability of the initial-boundary value problem for one-dimensional barotropic equations of viscous compressible bifluids
Authors: Mamontov A E , Prokudin D A
Published: November 2020

We consider the equations of a multi-velocity model of a binary mixture of viscous compressible fluids (two-fluid medium) in the case of one-dimensional barotropic motions. We prove the global (in time) existence and uniqueness of a strong solution to the initial-boundary value problem describing the motion in a bounded spatial domain.
Solutal convection in horizontal porous layer with immobilization and clogging
Authors: Maryshev Boris S , Klimenko Lyudmila S
Published: November 2020

The paper is devoted to the investigation of the solutal convection in a horizontal layer of porous media with horizontal seepage of the mixture and solute immobilization. The flow through porous media is modelled within the standard Darcy–Bousinesq model and immobilization is described by the mobile/immobile media (MIM) approach. The high concentrations of solute are considered which lead to taking into account the dependence of media permeability on porosity. The variation of porosity is modelled as a linear function of solute concentration in the immobile phase. It is shown that immobilisation leads to the stabilization of homogeneous filtration regime and to slow down of the perturbation dynamics. The increasing of critical parameters with the intensification of sorption is not monotonous due to saturation of porous matrix with the adsorbed solute.
Non-isothermal filtration of a viscous compressible fluid in a viscoelastic porous medium
Authors: Virts R , Papin A , Tokareva M
Published: November 2020

The system of equations of one-dimensional unsteady fluid motion in a viscous heat-conducting medium is considered. The mathematical model is based on the equations of conservation of mass for liquid and solid phases, Darcy’s law, rheological relation, the law of conservation of balance of forces and the equation for the temperature of the medium. The transition to Lagrange variables in the case of an incompressible fluid allows us to reduce the initial system of governing equations to a third-order equation for porosity and a second-order equation for temperature, respectively. A calculation algorithm is proposed and a numerical study of the obtained initial - boundary value problem is carried out.
Acoustic waves in monodisperse and polydisperse gas-dust mixtures with intense momentum transfer between phases
Authors: Markelova T , Stoyanovskaya O , Arendarenko M , Isaenko E , Snytnikov V
Published: November 2020

The paper presents one-dimensional problems of dusty gas dynamics on plane acoustic wave propagation. In the fist problem the dusty gas is considered as polydisperse medium with a zero-volume dust fraction. In the second problem the dusty gas is a monodisperse medium with particles that occupy finite volume. For both problems, dispersion relations are obtained. Then a limiting case when a velocity relaxation time between particles and gas tends to zero is considered. This case corresponds to mixtures with fine dust when intense interaction between phases takes place. For this limiting case expressions for the phase velocity are derived. Moreover, we present formulas for generating particular solutions of corresponding linearized problems. These solutions are intended to be used as a standard in the study of asymptotic, dispersive and dissipative properties of numerical methods. Program codes for generating such solutions are published and available for download.
Multi-front detonation structure in two-fuel mixtures – numerical modelling
Authors: Trotsyuk A V , Fomin P A
Published: November 2020

A numerical simulation of a two-dimensional (2D) structure of the detonation wave (DW) in a two-fuel gaseous mixtures with air mixture at normal initial condition has been conducted. This study is based on a two-stage generalised model of detonation kinetics for a mixtures of two fuels first proposed by us. The computations have been performed in a wide range of channel height. The changes in the 2D front structure of the self-sustaining DW on variations of the height of the channel have been studied. From the analysis of the flow structure and the number of primary transverse waves in channel, the dominant sizes of the detonation cell for studied mixture have been determine. Numerical data on the detonation cell sizes have been carefully analyzed and compared with available experimental data.
International scientific and technical cooperation as an independent direction of foreign policy: Russian and French experience
Authors: Kamalyan A M , Egorova M A
Published: November 2020

The article covers international scientific and technical cooperation as one of the modern diplomacy tools, with considerable emphasis on the French and Russian approach thereto. It is emphasized that both Moscow and Paris regard this issue as one of the directions of its foreign policy. Particular attention is paid to the review of key national regulatory acts of both states in the designated sphere, as well as international treaties concluded by the Russian Federation or France with third States on international scientific and technical cooperation. Specific examples of such joint scientific and technical projects and activities are revealed, with a focus on the features and needs of the regions or parties to the agreements. The conclusion is made on the efficiency of measures and decisions taken by the Russian Federation and France, as well as on the possibility and practicability of borrowing the French experience for the Russian foreign policy and vice versa. The article will be relevant to practicing lawyers, researchers, students and everyone who is interested in international scientific and technical cooperation.
Tax privileges as a stimulating tool of Megascience projects
Authors: Gracheva E Y , Arzumanova L L , Boltinova O V , Sitnik A A
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of tax privileges on the stimulation of scientific activity in general and megascience projects in particular. The paper examines the concept and types of tax privileges in accordance with the tax legislation of the Russian Federation, considers tax privileges associated with the implementation of scientific activities, in particular, privileges for personal income tax, corporate income tax, privileges for taxes levied in connection with the use of simplified and patent systems of taxation, by subjects carrying out scientific activities. It should be noted that currently there are no privileges in the tax legislation of the Russian Federation that would be directly related to the implementation of megascience projects. Meanwhile, the possibility of their introduction should be properly assessed and should be seriously considered by the top officials of the state. Currently, there are no privileges in the tax legislation of the Russian Federation that would be directly related to the implementation of megascience projects. Meanwhile, the possibility of their introduction should be properly assessed and should be seriously considered by the top officials of the state. The mechanism for applying the so-called “tax holidays” is currently very limited.