bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revitalizar la Frontera Aislada: Un Modelo de Vivienda Socioproductivo Integrado para la Sostenibilidad Socioambiental en Valdivia
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos, López Loyola Benjamín
Published: August 2024

En un mundo donde las ciudades se destacan como centros de vida social y económica, enfrentamos un desafío apremiante: la segregación socioespacial. Este fenómeno no solo se manifiesta en las áreas urbanas, sino también en las zonas rurales, donde la subdivisión irregular de terrenos ha generado problemas significativos. Este estudio se centra en la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile, y propone un "Modelo de Vivienda Socioproductivo Integrado" como una solución para revitalizar comunidades rurales y abordar la segregación espacial, conocida como “frontera aislada”. Este modelo promueve la preservación cultural, la sostenibilidad ambiental y la cooperación comunitaria, transformando la vida de las comunidades rurales y fomentando un ambiente más saludable y sostenible. Además, esta investigación se esfuerza por crear un equilibrio entre la economía local, la preservación del medio ambiente y la calidad de vida en comunidades rurales. A través del análisis de la situación actual, destaca la importancia de considerar elementos económicos, sociales y ambientales en el desarrollo rural y ofrece una visión para enfrentar los desafíos de un mundo en constante cambio. Este estudio también busca demostrar los beneficios de este modelo para la comuna de Valdivia y su potencial para ser replicado en otros contextos similares.
Nature’s Precision: The Intricate Pollen Dispersal Mechanisms of Papilionaceous Crops
Authors: R Nirmalaruban. , Suvitha R. , Prasad Jai Prakash , Maring Kanshouwa Modunshim , Rajasekar  , Anantharaju P.
Published: August 2024

Pollination, a fascinating natural process, is crucial for the reproduction of flowering plants. It involves the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive part to the female reproductive part, enabling successful fertilization. Papilionaceous crops, belonging to the Fabaceae family, exhibit highly specialized pollen dispersal mechanisms that ensure effective pollination and genetic diversity. These mechanisms involve intricate interactions between floral structures and pollinators, primarily bees. By integrating findings from various studies, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricate pollen dispersal mechanisms in papilionaceous crops such as piston/pump mechanism, explosive type mechanism, brush type mechanism and valvular mechanism. It also provides information about the role of different floral parts in pollen dispersal among the flowers. This review will be helpful in gaining insights about pollen dispersal mechanism and it contribution in improving crop yields and breeding programs.
Bacteriological Assessment of Ready-To-Eat Foods Sold in Baze University Student Cafeteria
Authors: Olajugbagbe Temidayo Emmanuel , Yom Hope , Yusuf Safiya Sule , Mann-Isah Zahra Fatima
Published: August 2024

Although foods can be easily contaminated by naturally occurring microbes or pathogens by any means possible, safe eating is considered as a basic human right. In this study, the bacteriological quality of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods sold within the Baze University campus were assessed. Ready-to-eat food samples including spaghetti, fried rice, jollof rice, yam and moi-moi were bought from different major food vending sites to the student and staff community within the university. The Bacterial species were isolated from food samples and the isolates were identified using standard microbiological procedures. The ability of the isolates to produce hemolysins and lyse blood cells was investigated with hemolysis test and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined with the following antibiotics: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin and Gentamicin. The sensitivity and resistance of the isolates to these antibiotics were observed and recorded. A total of six (6) different bacterial species including Corynebacterium spp. (31.6%), Staphylococcus spp. (26.3%), Streptococcus (10.5%), Micrococcus spp. (10.5%), Lactobacillus spp. (15.8) and Micrococcus varians (5.3%) were isolated and identified. The isolates also showed varying reactions to hemolysis and some were highly resistant to common antibiotics, signaling their tendency to initiate foodborne illness. The study concluded that while these sites are necessary in meeting the needs of the university community, it is important that adequate safety measures be enforced to reduce the spread of pathogenic bacterial contaminants in RTE foods and enhance the wellbeing of consumers.
Clustering Based Recommender System for Compilation of Research Papers
Authors: Verma Versha , Saxena Vipin , Verma Vishal , Singh Karm Veer
Published: August 2024

Due to addition of the journals and conference proceedings around the globe in the literature, it is observed that lots of research papers are daily published in the various categories of the journals and conference proceedings. Researchers sometimes encounter difficulties while endeavoring to comprehensively analyze all research publications for a particular field of study to locate pertinent studies which may be used for future scope of the work over the research topic. Hence, in the present work, a recommender system is explained to the research scholars by proposing articles based on assessments supplied by other academics within the similar domain of research. Collaborative filtering technique is used for the development of the recommender system, and it may be extensively utilized in several commercial recommender systems. It is obvious that the computational complexity of methods grows and directly proportion to the number of users and items. To address the said issues related to scalability, a proficient recommender system is presented that makes use of subspace clustering. The approach entails examining the researcher-paper matrix to ascertain the correlations among different researchers. Through the relationships among the keywords of the research papers, the present work offers a well selected compilation of research articles for recommendation which may be used for future research work.
Identification of Potential Future Areas for Sustainable Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nut Production in Togo Using the Maxent Model
Authors: Agboka Kossi-Messan Jacques , Soro Dodiomon , Agboka Komi , Okorie Blessing Chinomso , Amankwah Afua Amponsah , Mendy Pierre Anthony
Published: August 2024

Understanding present and potential habitats is critical for developing climate-resilient cashew-growing techniques and sustainable management strategies. This study aims to identify the existing distribution of Anacardium occidentale L. in Togo and anticipates the possible impact of climate change on its habitat distribution by 2050 using two global circulation models (HadGEM3-GC3.1-L and MIROC6) and two shared socioeconomic paths (SSP245 and SSP585). The maximum entropy algorithm, 2538 species occurrence records, and a set of seventeen (17) climatic and soil variables were used. The findings revealed that soil, followed by annual precipitation (bio12) and temperature seasonality (bio4), are the most important environmental variables influencing cashew distribution in Togo. According to the present model, 78.92% of Togo's topography is very favourable to sustainable cashew-growing practices. According to the MOROC6 Model, very favourable cashew nut production areas will be decreased to 5.24% in the SSP 245 scenario and altogether disappear with the SSP585 scenario by 2050. However, for the HadGEM3-GC3.1-L model by 2050, the areas of sustainable cashew nut production in Togo will be reduced to 3.71% and 0.26% respectively for the SSP245 and 585 scenarios. In short, the results of this study, which was carried out for the first time in Togo, point out the need to put in place a strategy for the conservation and sustainable cultivation of cashew trees in Togo.
Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from the Urine of Human Population Using Bacteria-Contaminated Water in Butembo Urban Area (DR Congo, Central Africa)
Authors: Wavindu Mwanzo , Tamnou Edith B. Mouafo , Kamwira Ildephonse Soly , Ngome Rosanne , Bricheux Geneviève , Nana Paul Alain , Nyegue Maximilienne A. , Sime-Ngando Télesphore , Nola Moïse
Published: August 2024

Aims: This study aims to investigate the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the human urine samples and to understand the potential influence of the contaminated water the urine donors use.
Study Design and Methodology: One hundred urine samples from females and the same number from males were collected from donors of different age groups and analysed. One hundred urine samples from females and the same number from males were collected from donors of different age groups. The enterobacterial isolation was done on CLED agar medium. Their identification was carried out first by the enzymatic technic, then using MALDI–TOF MS method. ESBLs-producing enterobacteria were identified by searching the synergy between Clavulanic acid and 3rd generation Cephalosporins. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using the disk diffusion method.
Results: In male urine samples, the identified ESBLs-producing strains belong to E. coli, E. agglomerans and K. pneumoniae. They were in 11 samples: 3 from donors aged 20 years or less, 3 also from those aged 21 to 40 years as well as in those aged 41 to 60 years, and 2 in samples from donors aged over than 60 years. In female urine samples, the identified ESBLs-producing strains belong to Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Yersinia frederiksenii, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae. They were in 27 samples: 3 from donors aged 20 years or less, 9 from those aged 21 to 40 years, 12 from those aged 41 to 60 years, and 3 from donors aged over than 60 years. All the strains were sensitive to Imipenem and resistant to Cefotaxim, Ceftazidin, Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid and Nitrofurantoin. The Multi-Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index varied from 0.416 (E. coli strains, youngest male donors) to 0.916 (E. coli strains, old female donors). Most of strains react differently from one antibiotic to another (P<0.05), with the exception of E. coli strains from most samples. Most of the identified ESBLs-producing species have been reported in surface and groundwater the population use. These water resources could play a role in the human urinary tract infections.
Conclusion: There is a serious health problem with great MAR indices for all bacterial species identified. Treating water before use could reduce the viability and spreading of ESBLs-producing bacteria and genes into the population.
Hitit Mimarisinde Émakzi(ḭa)-, Émazki(ḭa)-, Émakkizzi(ḭa)- Yapısı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Aslantürk Nursel
Published: August 2024

Arkeolojik kazılarda şimdiye kadar gün yüzüne çıkartılmış olan Hitit çiviyazılı tabletlerde Hitit mimarisinde kullanılan ve Sumerce determinatif/belirteç işareti “É” bina, yapı, ev (ile ilgili) vs.” anlamına gelen çok sayıda yapı adına rastlanmaktadır. Makalemizin konusunu oluşturan ve şimdiye kadar Hitit araştırmacıları tarafından yeterince üzerinde durulmamış olan makziḭa- yapısı eldeki bilgiler doğrultusunda, ayrıntıları ile bu makalede ele alınmaktadır. Metin grupları içinde belirgin bir çoğunluğu olan ve Hitit inanç sistemi içerisinde önemli bir yeri bulunan bayram töreni metinlerinin yanı sıra ritüellerin icra edilmesi esnasında da adı geçen yapının kullanılması; makziḭa-’nın kutsal bir yapı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmamızda, yapının adının geçtiği Hitit çiviyazılı metinlerin transkripsiyon, çevirileri ve filolojik değerlendirmeleri yapılarak; yapının adının kökeni, kendisine ait bir damı, kapısı ve penceresi olduğu, ayrıca Hitit krallarının burada kült gereği temizlenme eylemini gerçekleştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu yapının bir tapınak oluşumu olduğu, adının geçtiği Hitit çiviyazılı metinlerin incelenmesiyle Eski Hitit Döneminde kullanılmaya başlandığı, daha sonra ise Yeni Hitit /İmparatorluk Döneminde bu özelliğini koruduğu tarafımızdan belirlenmiştir.
1935 Genel Nüfus Sayımına Göre Çankırı’nın Demografik Yapısı ve Özellikleri
Authors: Hangül Nesrin
Published: August 2024

Nüfus sayımları bir ülkenin sahip olduğu sosyal-ekonomik potansiyeli ortaya çıkarması bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Osmanlı Dönemi’nde sayımlar sadece vergi toplamak ve asker almak amaçlı yapıldığı için nüfus yapısıyla ilgili sağlıklı bilgiler mevcut değildi. Bu bakımdan Cumhuriyet döneminde ilk nüfus sayımı 1927 yılında yapıldı. Bu sayımdan sekiz sene sonra 1935 yılında ikinci bir nüfus sayımı yapıldı. Önemli ayrıntılar içeren bu sayımlar sonucunda nüfusun cinsiyeti, yoğunluğu, eğitim durumu, engellilik durumu, doğum yeri, mesleği, yaş grubu, dini ve mezhebi gibi konularda nüfusun sosyal ve ekonomik yapısıyla ilgili önemli sonuçlar elde edildi. Elde edilen bu sonuçlarla bu çalışmada Çankırı vilayetinin sahip olduğu sosyal-ekonomik durum ortaya çıkarılarak Türkiye ortalaması ve 1927 nüfus sayımı verileriyle karşılaştırıldı. Ayrıca çalışmada Çankırı vilayetinin kısa tarihine, idari yapısına, 1935 sayımı için yapılan hazırlıklara ve 1935 sayımının Çankırı vilayeti özelinde sonuçlarına yer verildi. Çalışma, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun yayınları başta olmak üzere Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi belgeleri, dönemin basını, konuyla ilgili telif eserler ve tez çalışmaları incelenerek ortaya çıkarıldı.
Osmanlıda Okült Uygulamalara Dair Bazı Örnekler
Authors: Çolak Songül , Kabakcıoğlu Kübra
Published: August 2024

İlk çağlardan günümüze kadar insanlar, farklı arzu ve istekler doğrultusunda büyü, sihir gibi okült uygulamalara yönelmişlerdir. Bütün dünya toplumlarında olduğu gibi Osmanlı halkı içerisinde de büyücülükle uğraşan, bu yolla maddi ve manevi kazançlar elde etmeyi amaçlayan kişiler mevcuttu.
Bu çalışmada büyü faaliyetleri içerisinde sosyal probleme dönüşen ve kullanılan yöntemler itibariyle sıra dışı sayılabilecek büyücülük eylemleri örnek olaylar üzerinden ele alındı. Hristiyan bir ölünün mezardan başının kesilip alınması, bir ölünün dilinin kesilmesi, canlı bir kedinin ağızının dikilip canlı gömülmesi ve Kuran’ı Kerim’in uygunsuz bir yere konulması gibi olaylar Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi’nden (BOA) temin edilen belgeler ışığında incelendi.
Automated Detection of Plant Diseases and Pests Using Advanced Image Processing and Neural Networks
Authors: Bharathi P.
Published: August 2024

Pests and viral plant diseases have proliferated in agriculture. Rats spread plant diseases. Hard to detect viral infections or insect infestations that impair plant growth and yield. It decreases crop size, quality, and marketability, incurring major economic losses. Strong, disease-resistant crops are needed for agriculture. Bacterial, fungal, and insect/pest diseases destroy 70% and 15% of crops. Above 85% of disease severity destroys crops. Early detection systems track pests and diseases. High-definition equipment is costly for rural farmers. Correct diagnosis permits quick infection severity and type assessment and control. In precision agriculture, neural networks and image processing eliminate human error. Sustainable agriculture and organic agricultural cultivation must start early. The proposed system classifies diseases and pests for plant safety. A healthy, fast-growing plantation is our goal. Early detection of viral diseases and insect infestations boosts crop productivity. Plant disease diagnostics focuses on leaves and buds. Stem and insect infections are covered. The suggested method classifies plant health and disease automatically. Peanut leaves develop Bacterial Blight from contagious illnesses like Cercospora Leaf Peanut. Boll Weevils, European Corn Borers, and Fall Army Worms attack cotton. The conditions are categorised. Image accuracy depends on lighting, resolution, location, and backdrop complexity. Various low-resolution pictures are enriched to better classification. Complex leaf intensity variations cause the system to misdiagnose illness or insect infestation. To avoid misclassification, the system segments the sample image using various methods to find lesions. Multilevel Segmentation (MS) improves Deep neural network feature extraction using approximate outlines. This method protects important pixels, eliminates unneeded pixels, and amplifies the lesion to control segmentation and reduce insufficient and excessive segmentation.
Solute transport in low‐heterogeneity sandboxes: The role of correlation length and permeability variance
Authors: Heidari Peyman , Li Li
Published: September 2014

This work examines how heterogeneity structure, in particular correlation length, controls flow and solute transport. We used two‐dimensional (2D) sandboxes (21.9 cm × 20.6 cm) and four modeling approaches, including 2D Advection‐Dispersion Equation (ADE) with explicit heterogeneity structure, 1D ADE with average properties, and nonlocal Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) and fractional ADE (fADE). The goal is to answer two questions: (1) how and to what extent does correlation length control effective permeability and breakthrough curves (BTC)? (2) Which model can best reproduce data under what conditions? Sandboxes were packed with the same 20% (v/v) fine and 80% (v/v) coarse sands in three patterns that differ in correlation length. The Mixed cases contain uniformly distributed fine and coarse grains. The Four‐zone and One‐zone cases have four and one square fine zones, respectively. A total of seven experiments were carried out with permeability variance of 0.10 (LC), 0.22 (MC), and 0.43 (HC). Experimental data show that the BTC curves depend strongly on correlation length, especially in the HC cases. The HC One‐zone (HCO) case shows distinct breakthrough steps arising from fast advection in the coarse zone, slow advection in the fine zone, and slow diffusion, while the LCO and MCO BTCs do not exhibit such behavior. With explicit representation of heterogeneity structure, 2D ADE reproduces BTCs well in all cases. CTRW reproduces temporal moments with smaller deviation from data than fADE in all cases except HCO, where fADE has the lowest deviation.
Auroral fragmentation into patches
Authors: Shiokawa Kazuo , Hashimoto Ayumi , Hori Tomoaki , Sakaguchi Kaori , Ogawa Yasunobu , Donovan Eric , Spanswick Emma , Connors Martin , Otsuka Yuichi , Oyama Shin‐Ichiro , Nozawa Satonori , McWilliams Kathryn
Published: September 2014

Auroral patches in diffuse auroras are very common features in the postmidnight local time. However, the processes that produce auroral patches are not yet well understood. In this paper we present two examples of auroral fragmentation which is the process by which uniform aurora is broken into several fragments to form auroral patches. These examples were observed at Athabasca, Canada (geomagnetic latitude: 61.7°N), and Tromsø, Norway (67.1°N). Captured in sequences of images, the auroral fragmentation occurs as finger‐like structures developing latitudinally with horizontal‐scale sizes of 40–100 km at ionospheric altitudes. The structures tend to develop in a north‐south direction with speeds of 150–420 m/s without any shearing motion, suggesting that pressure‐driven instability in the balance between the earthward magnetic‐tension force and the tailward pressure gradient force in the magnetosphere is the main driving force of the auroral fragmentation. Therefore, these observations indicate that auroral fragmentation associated with pressure‐driven instability is a process that creates auroral patches. The observed slow eastward drift of aurora during the auroral fragmentation suggests that fragmentation occurs in low‐energy ambient plasma.
Impact of periodic intermediary flows on submarine melting of a Greenland glacier
Authors: Sciascia R. , Cenedese C. , Nicolì D. , Heimbach P. , Straneo F.
Published: September 2014

The submarine melting of a vertical glacier front, induced by an intermediary circulation forced by periodic density variations at the mouth of a fjord, is investigated using a nonhydrostatic ocean general circulation model and idealized laboratory experiments. The idealized configurations broadly match that of Sermilik Fjord, southeast Greenland, a largely two layers system characterized by strong seasonal variability of subglacial discharge. Consistent with observations, the numerical results suggest that the intermediary circulation is an effective mechanism for the advection of shelf anomalies inside the fjord. In the numerical simulations, the advection mechanism is a density intrusion with a velocity which is an order of magnitude larger than the velocities associated with a glacier‐driven circulation. In summer, submarine melting is mostly influenced by the discharge of surface runoff at the base of the glacier and the intermediary circulation induces small changes in submarine melting. In winter, on the other hand, submarine melting depends only on the water properties and velocity distribution at the glacier front. Hence, the properties of the waters advected by the intermediary circulation to the glacier front are found to be the primary control of the submarine melting. When the density of the intrusion is intermediate between those found in the fjord's two layers, there is a significant reduction in submarine melting. On the other hand, when the density is close to that of the bottom layer, only a slight reduction in submarine melting is observed. The numerical results compare favorably to idealized laboratory experiments with a similar setup.
Spatial periodicity in bed form‐scale solute and thermal transport models of the hyporheic zone
Authors: Laattoe Tariq , Werner Adrian D. , Post Vincent E. A.
Published: September 2014

Spatially periodic solute boundaries force symmetry across a model domain by ensuring that concentrations and concentration gradients are identical at the same location on opposite boundaries. They have been used in multiple publications on a hyporheic zone model of a single ripple or dune style bed form, including variable density flow and reactive transport variants. We evaluate simulations of multibed form models without imposing spatially periodic transport to demonstrate that nonphysical solute distributions arise from the periodic solute transport assumption. That is, the flow field within the single bed form model leads to a transport scenario that violates the forced symmetry of periodic solute boundary conditions, culminating in a physically unrealistic solute distribution. Our results show that lack of symmetry between boundaries is a function of the vertical concentration gradient and two‐dimensionless parameters characterizing the hyporheic and underflow flow regimes, and the solute exchange between them. We assess the error associated with the spatially periodic assumption based on an analysis of solute fluxes across the lateral bed form model boundaries. While the focus is on steady state concentration distributions, the implications for transient solute transport models are also discussed. We conclude that periodic solute transport boundary conditions should be applied only to bed form models that have minimal vertical dispersive and diffusive solute transfer. This includes gaining systems and tracers such as temperature, for which a temporally periodic flux reversal occurs across the top boundary.
Erdalkalimetalle als Gastionen in der Polyoxopalladatchemie: vom Nanowürfel über eine offenschalige Struktur zum Nanostern
Authors: Yang Peng , Xiang Yixian , Lin Zhengguo , Bassil Bassem S. , Cao Jie , Fan Linyuan , Fan Yanxuan , Li Ming‐Xing , Jiménez‐Lozano Pablo , Carbó Jorge J. , Poblet Josep M. , Kortz Ulrich
Published: September 2014

Die drei neuartigen, diskreten Palladium(II)‐Oxocluster [CaPd12O8(PhAsO3)8]6− (CaPd12), [SrPd12O6(OH)3(PhAsO3)6(OAc)3]4− (SrPd12) und [BaPd15O10(PhAsO3)10]8− (BaPd15), bei denen die Erdalkalimetallionen im Innern einer kapselförmigen Struktur vorliegen, wurden hergestellt und mit verschiedenen physikochemischen Methoden in Lösung und im Festkörper charakterisiert. Die Ergebnisse offenbaren einen strukturdirigierenden Templateffekt des jeweiligen Alkalimetallions, dessen Größe die Anordnung der PdII‐Oxo‐Schale bestimmt. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist der präzedenzlose Cluster SrPd12, der eine offenschalige Struktur aufweist und eine Strategie für den gezielten Entwurf von neuen Klassen von Polyoxoedelmetallaten aufzeigt. Der ungewöhnliche Acetat‐Wasser‐Ligandenaustausch in SrPd12 macht diesen Cluster ferner zu einem vielversprechenden Kandidaten für die Edelmetall‐basierte Katalyse.
Prolinreiche antimikrobielle Peptide aus Insekten töten Bakterien durch Hemmung der Proteinbiosynthese am 70S‐Ribosom
Authors: Krizsan Andor , Volke Daniela , Weinert Stefanie , Sträter Norbert , Knappe Daniel , Hoffmann Ralf
Published: September 2014

Prolinreiche antimikrobielle Peptide (PrAMPs) wurden bereits von mehreren Forschungsgruppen und Firmen als vielversprechende Leitverbindungen zur Behandlung systemischer Infektionen mit Gram‐negativen Bakterien untersucht und optimiert. PrAMPs, wie Apidaecine und Oncocine, dringen in Bakterien ein und töten diese wahrscheinlich durch Inhibition spezifischer Zielstrukturen, ohne lytische Wirkung auf die Membranen. Wir zeigen hier, dass Apidaecine und Oncocine mit Dissoziationskonstanten im nanomolaren Bereich an das 70S‐Ribosom binden. Apidaecine wechselwirken mindestens über die beiden C‐terminalen Reste (Arg‐17 und Leu‐18) stark mit dem 70S‐Ribosom, während die Reste Lys‐3, Tyr‐6, Leu‐7 und Arg‐11 die die wichtigsten Bindungsstellen der Oncocine sind. Letztere inhibierten die Proteinbiosynthese in vitro sehr effizient mit IC50‐Werten von 150–240 nmol L−1. Das Chaperon DnaK ist höchstwahrscheinlich kein Ziel der PrAMPs, bindet diese aber mit niedrigerer Affinität.
An objective criterion for the identification of breaks in Indian summer monsoon rainfall
Authors: Umakanth U. , Kesarkar Amit P. , Rao T. Narayana , Rao S. Vijaya Bhaskar
Published: September 2014

We proposed a new objective criterion for discerning breaks in Indian summer monsoon rainfall, which is based on grid‐level rainfall threshold. The identified breaks reproduced all well‐known breaks discussed in the literature, but are relatively fewer in number. The correlation analysis between the number of break days and all‐India seasonal rainfall is not only high (R2 = −0.77) but also reproduced well‐known association between El Nino and bad monsoon years. The fraction of seasonal rainfall in break days is found to be smaller (<10%) over most part of India than earlier studies, indicating that the discerned spells are valid for a large part of India.
Constanze Mozarts Tätigkeiten als Nachlassverwalterin im Kontext der Wissenskulturen um 1800
Authors: Finke Gesa
Published: September 2014

Constanze Mozart’s Activities as Trustee of the Estate in the Context of Memorial Cultures around 1800. After Wolfgang Amadé Mozart’s death in 1791, Constanze Mozart established memorial practices to bring her husband’s name and his music into the musical canon. At first she organized concerts to promote his name and music. She continued by publishing his compositions with Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig and Johann Anton André between 1798 and 1802. Many years later, in 1828, she published a biography with her second husband, Georg Nikolaus Nissen. Her actions gained importance with the occurrence of bourgeois musical memorial cultures around 1800. These started to be organized around the musical estates of composers. Thus, the material quality of music became a dominant factor for organizing musical culture, and historiography as a whole within the nineteenth century. However, the activities of Constanze Mozart, as of other widows, have been marginalized. Memory is intertwined with gender constructions and processes of professionalization of musical historiography in the nineteenth century. The theoretical framework of memory research offers a vocabulary to analyze activities of widows in musical cultures and requires the deconstruction of the narrative of the “composer’s widow”. It also offers a way to highlight the importance of individual commitment for processes of cultural memory.
Alfred Lohr, Der Computus Gerlandi. Edition, Übersetzung und Erläuterungen
Authors: Hollick Bernhard
Published: September 2014

(Sudhoffs Archiv; Beiheft 61) Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2013. 493 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Tab., kart., € 74,00. ISBN 978‐3‐515‐10468‐5.
New Pentacoordinated Rhodium Species as Unexpected Products during the In Situ Generation of Dimeric Diphosphine‐Rhodium Neutral Catalysts
Authors: Meißner Antje , König Anja , Drexler Hans‐Joachim , Thede Richard , Baumann Wolfgang , Heller Detlef
Published: September 2014

Dimeric rhodium complexes of the type [Rh(PP)(μ2‐Cl)]2 (PP=diphosphine) are often used as precatalysts and are generated “in situ” from the corresponding diolefin complexes by exchange of the diene with the desired diphosphine. Herein, we report that the “in situ” procedure also leads to unexpected monomeric pentacoordinated neutral complexes of the type [RhCl(PP)(diolefin)], for the first time herein characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography for the ligands 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPP), 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (DPPB), and 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (BINAP). The pentacoordinated complexes are in equilibrium with the dimeric target compound [Rh(PP)(μ2‐Cl)]2. The equilibrium is influenced by the rhodium‐diolefin precursor, the solvent and the temperature. Based on the results of NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis (kinetics) it could be shown that the pentacoordinated complex [RhCl(PP)(diolefin)] may arise both from the “in situ”‐generated neutral complex [Rh(PP)(μ2‐Cl)] by reaction with the free diolefin and, more surprisingly, directly from [Rh(diolefin)(μ2‐Cl)]2 and the diphosphine.
With a little help from my old T cell: Memory follicular T helper cells driving autoimmunity?
Authors: Winkler Thomas H. , Waisman Ari
Published: September 2014

It has long been known that the B cell repertoire includes cells that are capable of producing autoantibodies and that these cells can be found in humans and also in wild type strains of laboratory mice; however, normally, these B cells do not give rise to plasma cells, and thus do not fulfil their autoimmune potential. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Nusser et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 2893–2902] dissect the mechanism by which these B cells are activated and autoantibodies are produced. The authors demonstrate that T cells, most likely antigen‐specific, which accumulate with age or as a result of homeostatic proliferation, provide essential help to these autoreactive B cells. Hence, this study reveals a previously under appreciated mechanism, by which T cells, possibly generated with age after exposure to a variety of antigens, break immunological tolerance and lead to the generation of autoantibodies that could contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases.
Investigating the Formation Mechanism of Arene Ruthenium Metallacycles by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Garci Amine , Gupta Gajendra , Dalvit Claudio , Therrien Bruno
Published: September 2014

The stereochemical properties of twelve dinuclear arene ruthenium complexes have been studied in solution. The dinuclear complexes of the general formula [(p‐cymene)2Ru2(OO∩OO)(Ln)2](CF3SO3)2 (OO∩OO = oxalato, 2,5‐dioxido‐1,4‐benzoquinonato, 5,8‐dioxido‐1,4‐naphthoquinonato; Ln = 4‐phenylpyridine, 4‐styrylpyridine, 4‐methylpyridine, 4‐tert‐butylpyridine) have been isolated as mixtures of the cis and trans isomers. All of the complexes showed lability of the pyridyl‐based ligands (Ln) in solution and rapid exchange between the cis and trans isomers. The equilibrium between the cis and trans isomers was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the intermediate species were identified and, thus, provided valuable insights into the formation mechanism of arene ruthenium metalla‐assemblies.
Synthesis of Highly Fluoroalkyl‐Functionalized Oligoporphyrin Systems
Authors: Felix Lukas , Sezer Ugur , Arndt Markus , Mayor Marcel
Published: September 2014

Four different multiporphyrin systems have been synthesized and characterized. Highly fluoroalkyl‐functionalized porphyrins are the most complex objects so far to have exhibited quantum wave nature. We have functionalized larger oligoporphyrin systems with fluoroalkyl chains to increase their mass and minimize their intermolecular interactions. The to‐some‐extent random substitution of fluorine atoms at the periphery of the oligoporphyrins results in libraries consisting of molecules varying in both the number and spatial distribution of substituents. The mass‐selected individual members of these libraries were designed for quantum interference experiments. To investigate the volatilization nature of the molecules within the library, laser desorption and post‐ionization studies were performed. These studies demonstrated that molecular beams of suitable velocity and ionization cross‐section can be obtained from these libraries. In particular, we present these features for two libraries, based on either a tetrahedrally arranged central porphyrin tetramer or a more planar porphyrin pentamer.
The Role of Graduate Student Unions in the Higher Education Landscape
Authors: Whitford Heidi
Published: September 2014

Graduate student unionization efforts have made an indelible mark on the higher education milieu, as illustrated by the experiences of students who participated in this movement in recent years.
Dynamic three‐dimensional morphogenesis of intrahepatic bile ducts in mouse liver development
Authors: Takashima Yasuo , Terada Maiko , Kawabata Masuyo , Suzuki Atsushi
Published: September 2014

During liver development, biliary epithelial cells differentiated from bipotential hepatic progenitor cells (hepatoblasts) form a cell layer, called the ductal plate surrounding portal veins (PVs), and develop into intrahepatic bile ducts (IBDs) following developmental programs. Because IBDs make duct structures in the liver, it is necessary to perform sequential and three‐dimensional (3D) analyses from the early stages of liver development to address the process of morphogenesis in detail. However, to date, the development of IBDs has mainly been investigated using tissue sections in two‐dimensional planes, and examinations of the 3D morphogenesis and quantitative analyses based on morphometrics have not been performed. Therefore, in this study, we simulated the solid structures of IBDs from mouse embryos to adults in silico, analyzed the subjects for the length and number of developing duct structures, number of predicted connections, and discrete distance from the PV, and examined the developmental process of the IBD in detail in a quantitative manner. Conclusions: Through quantitative analyses with spatiotemporal observations using a 3D structural reconstruction model and morphometrics, we succeeded in constructing a 3D dynamic model of bile duct formation. Because the 3D reconstruction technique used in this study is available for analyzing solid structures in tissues that are difficult to approach, it shows promise for wide use in the fields of biology and medicine. (Hepatology 2015;61:1003–1011)
Cryopreserved ECP‐treated lymphocytes maintain apoptotic response and anti‐proliferative effect
Authors: Radwanski Katherine , Heber Cheryl , Min Kyungyoon
Published: September 2014

Background: The ability to cryopreserve a portion of the cells treated during extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) would improve therapy logistics, particularly for pediatric patients, by allowing multiple therapeutic doses to be collected from a single apheresis session. However, the effect of cryopreservation on ECP‐treated cells is unknown (e.g., ECP‐induced lymphocyte apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation). Study Design and Methods: Mononuclear cell (MNC) apheresis products collected from healthy subjects were ECP‐treated using offline methods. Fresh samples of ECP‐treated and control cells were placed immediately in culture. The remainder of the cells were frozen in cryovials (n = 8) or cryobags (n = 8) at −80°C. After 1 week of −80°C storage, ECP‐treated and control cells were thawed rapidly and samples were placed in culture. Lymphocyte apoptosis was assessed by phosphatidylserine exposure using Annexin V/7‐AAD labeling. Lymphocyte proliferation after 3 days culture was measured using the carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester labeling technique. Results: On Day 0, apoptosis levels were <5% in fresh ECP‐treated and control cells and approximately 20% on thawing of cryopreserved ECP‐treated and control cells. Apoptosis levels were comparable between the two cryopreserved groups immediately on thawing, indicating that ECP‐treated cells were no more sensitive to the cryopreservation process than control cells. During 72‐h culture, apoptosis levels increased to >80% in fresh and cryopreserved ECP‐treated cells but remained near constant in both control groups. Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation was >95% in all ECP‐treated cells with no significant difference between fresh and cryopreserved cells (P = 0.12). Conclusion: Cryopreservation did not impair the apoptotic response or anti‐proliferative effect of ECP‐treated lymphocytes, thereby demonstrating early feasibility of this approach. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:154–161, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of the bacterial and fungal diversity in home‐made yoghurts of Xinjiang, China by pyrosequencing
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Liu Wenjun , Gesudu Qimu , Sun Zhihong , Zhang Jiachao , Guo Zhuang , Zheng Yi , Hou Qiangchuan , Yu Jie , Qing Yanting , Kwok Lai‐Yu , Menhe Bilige , Zhang Heping
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to gain a deeper knowledge of the bacterial and fungal community diversity in local home‐made yoghurts from Zhaosu and Tekesi counties, Xinjiang, China, where a relatively high proportion of the ethnic minority population resides.

RESULTS

The bacterial and fungal community diversity in 22 home‐made yoghurt samples was analyzed by pyrosequencing. This approach revealed the presence of six bacterial and two fungal phyla, comprising 69 bacterial and 20 fungal genera respectively, among all samples. Firmicutes and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla and Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces the predominant genera of bacteria and fungi respectively. Based on redundancy analysis, the bacterial diversity in samples from the two counties differed mainly because of eight responsive operational taxonomic units of Lactobacillus. However, no obvious difference existed in the fungal population of samples from the two counties.

CONCLUSION

The results indicated that the microbial community of home‐made yoghurts varied with their geographical origin and manufacturing process. The study showed that pyrosequencing could provide a better understanding of microbiological diversity as well as useful information for future studies on the selection of starter cultures for yoghurts. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Capillary electrophoresis separation of peptide diastereomers that contain methionine sulfoxide by dual cyclodextrin‐crown ether systems†
Authors: Zhu Qingfu , Heinemann Stefan H. , Schönherr Roland , Scriba Gerhard K. E.
Published: September 2014

A dual‐selector system employing achiral crown ethers in combination with cyclodextrins has been developed for the separation of peptide diastereomers that contain methionine sulfoxide. The combinations of the crown ethers 15‐crown‐5, 18‐crown‐6, Kryptofix® 21 and Kryptofix® 22 and β‐cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, and sulfated β‐cyclodextrin were screened at pH 2.5 and pH 8.0 using a 40/50.2 cm, 50 μm id fused‐silica capillary and a separation voltage of 25 kV. No diastereomer separation was observed in the sole presence of crown ethers, while only sulfated β‐cyclodextrin was able to resolve some peptide diastereomers at pH 8.0. Depending on the amino acid sequence of the peptide and the applied cyclodextrin, the addition of crown ethers, especially the Krpytofix® diaza‐crown ethers, resulted in significantly enhanced chiral recognition. Keeping one selector of the dual system constant, increasing concentrations of the second selector resulted in increased peak resolution and analyte migration time for peptide‐crown ether‐cyclodextrin combinations. The simultaneous diastereomer separation of three structurally related peptides was achieved using the dual selector system.
Simulation of Preference Information in an Interactive Reference Point‐Based Method for the Bi‐Objective Inventory Routing Problem
Authors: Huber Sandra , Geiger Martin Josef , Sevaux Marc
Published: September 2014

In the research area of multiple criteria decision making, very few publications exist that explicitly design the simulation of a decision maker (DM) in an interactive approach. For this reason, we outline some methods widely used in the literature to identify common assumptions of simulating the DM's responses and the required input preference information. Our paper aims at covering the identified gap by introducing experimental concepts. Such concepts are used for theoretical analyses of a combined search‐and‐decision‐making procedure. Simulating the DM is a fruitful idea because the algorithm can be tested without integrating a human decision maker. Finally, we conduct experiments based on the proposed settings for a multiobjective inventory routing problem, which is a relevant and challenging logistic problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ECG and navigator‐free four‐dimensional whole‐heart coronary MRA for simultaneous visualization of cardiac anatomy and function
Authors: Pang Jianing , Sharif Behzad , Fan Zhaoyang , Bi Xiaoming , Arsanjani Reza , Berman Daniel S. , Li Debiao
Published: September 2014

Purpose

To develop a cardiac and respiratory self‐gated four‐dimensional (4D) coronary MRA technique for simultaneous cardiac anatomy and function visualization.

Methods

A contrast‐enhanced, ungated spoiled gradient echo sequence with self‐gating (SG) and 3DPR trajectory was used for image acquisition. Data were retrospectively binned into different cardiac and respiratory phases based on information extracted from SG projections using principal component analysis. Each cardiac phase was reconstructed using a respiratory motion‐corrected self‐calibrating SENSE framework, and those belong to the quiescent period were retrospectively combined for coronary visualization. Healthy volunteer studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the SG method, the accuracy of the left ventricle (LV) function parameters and the quality of coronary artery visualization.

Results

SG performed reliably for all subjects including one with poor electrocardiogram (ECG). The LV function parameters showed excellent agreement with those from a conventional cine protocol. For coronary imaging, the proposed method yielded comparable apparent signal to noise ratio and coronary sharpness and lower apparent contrast to noise ratio on three subjects compared with an ECG and navigator‐gated Cartesian protocol and an ECG‐gated, respiratory motion‐corrected 3DPR protocol.

Conclusion

A fully self‐gated 4D whole‐heart imaging technique was developed, potentially allowing cardiac anatomy and function assessment from a single measurement. Magn Reson Med 72:1208–1217, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stakeholder communication in service implementation networks: expanding relationship management theory to the nonprofit sector through organizational network analysis
Authors: Maxwell Sarah P. , Carboni Julia L.
Published: September 2014

Nonprofits increasingly participate in government‐funded service implementation networks (SINs). However, extant research does not explore how organizations might strategically tailor communication to different stakeholder groups or use different communication tools for management. Stakeholders are not a monolithic group, and communicating with stakeholders within SINs is hypothesized to involve different forms of communication than communicating with stakeholders outside of the network. In this paper, relationship management theory is used to examine strategic communication with stakeholder groups within and outside of SINs. Both traditional and emergent (e.g., social media) forms of communication are examined. Survey and interview data on communication within and outside communication networks are analyzed using organizational network analysis techniques. The findings indicate strategic communication in the network differs from strategic communication with stakeholders outside the network. Within the network, organizations place varying emphasis on the use of traditional and emergent forms of communication for management, implying nonprofit managers funded under government grants continue to rely on face‐to‐face and phone communication and have yet to adopt emerging communication strategies to assist in the management of their programs with their partner organizations.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p21WAF1/Cip1 limits senescence and acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia formation during pancreatitis
Authors: Grabliauskaite Kamile , Hehl Adrian B , Seleznik Gitta M , Saponara Enrica , Schlesinger Kathryn , Zuellig Richard A , Dittmann Anja , Bain Martha , Reding Theresia , Sonda Sabrina , Graf Rolf
Published: September 2014

Trans‐differentiation of pancreatic acinar cells into ductal‐like lesions, a process defined as acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia (ADM), is observed in the course of organ regeneration following pancreatitis. In addition, ADM is found in association with pre‐malignant PanIN lesions and correlates with an increased risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Human PDAC samples show down‐regulation of p21WAF1/Cip1, a key regulator of cell cycle and cell differentiation. Here we investigated whether p21 down‐regulation is implicated in controlling the early events of acinar cell trans‐differentiation and ADM formation. p21‐mediated regulation of ADM formation and regression was analysed in vivo during the course of cerulein‐induced pancreatitis, using wild‐type (WT) and p21‐deficient (p21−/−) mice. Biochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate disease progression over 2 weeks of the disease and during a recovery phase. We found that p21 was strongly up‐regulated in WT acinar cells during pancreatitis, while it was absent in ADM areas, suggesting that p21 down‐regulation is associated with ADM formation. In support of this hypothesis, p21−/− mice showed a significant increase in number and size of metaplasia. In addition, p21 over‐expression in acinar cells reduced ADM formation in vitro, suggesting that the protein regulates the metaplastic transition in a cell‐autonomous manner. p21−/− mice displayed increased expression and relocalization of β‐catenin both during pancreatitis and in the subsequent recovery phase. Finally, loss of p21 was accompanied by increased DNA damage and development of senescence. Our findings are consistent with a gate‐keeper role of p21 in acinar cells to limit senescence activation and ADM formation during pancreatic regeneration. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd