bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to Facilitate the Learning of Students with Intellectual Disabilities within the Inclusive Educational Context in Sarawak, East Malaysia
Authors: Saini Rosnani , Nordin Zaimuariffudin Shukri , Hashim Mohd Hafizan , Abol Mohamad Taha
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the difficulties faced by Intellectual Disabilities (ID) students to learn in inclusive educational settings, and strategies incorporated by the teachers using Universal Design Learning (UDL) to facilitate effective learning of ID students. A qualitative study through document analysis and semi structured interview has been conducted. The informants are 4 special education teachers teaching at Special Education Integration Program (SEIP) classes. Findings indicate that ID students face difficulties comprehending complex concepts and require simplified instructions. Additionally, they also face difficulties in social interactions, articulation-based communication, and sensory sensitivities; exhibit behavioral or emotional challenges that affect their learning and classroom dynamics. There are also limited resources and support service to support ID students within the educational system in Sarawak, East Malaysia can be very challenging. It is necessary for the teachers to modify the different teaching methods so ID students can reach their full potential in learning. Flexibility, visual aids, technology aids, and clear voice and speech are among the strategies used by the teachers. This study can assist ID students to become more socially and functionally literate.
Evidence-Based Practices for Students with Visual Impairments in Regular Settings: An Integrated Review
Authors: Diassea Mbaye Dieng , Kawai Norimune
Published: December 2024

Educating students with disabilities in regular education settings requires implementing confirmed strategies that foster effective inclusion within the school community. This integrated review explores evidence-based strategies that promote the academic and social inclusion of students with visual impairments in regular education schools. By outlining these strategies and providing practical insights, the review aims to equip educators, policymakers, and stakeholders with valuable guidance for creating inclusive learning environments that embrace diversity and accessibility. Drawing on the World Health Organization’s balanced approach to integrating tacit and scientific evidence, the review synthesizes expert insights and empirical studies to highlight key factors and multifaceted approaches supporting the successful inclusion of students with visual impairments. The findings emphasize the importance of implementing the Expanded Core Curriculum, adapting the learning environment to meet students’ needs, employing multisensory instructional methods, integrating assistive technology, and fostering collaborative support systems.
Analysis of ODP point placement using algorithm K-means in RW. 01 Gendongan village (case study: PT. Indomedia)
Authors: Setyadi Candra , Chandra Dian W.
Published: December 2024

This study discusses the placement of ODP points for designing Fiber To The Home (FTTH) networks in RW. 01 Gendongan Village using the K-Means algorithm. The purpose of this study is to facilitate the determination of the optimal location of the Optical Distribution Point (ODP) without the need for manual determination by the network designer. The initial stage of the study began with five stages, namely Determining the location of the study, Conducting surveys and data collection, Determining the location of the ODP placement using K-Means, Network design, Finished. The K-Means algorithm is used to determine the best ODP placement point after the study was conducted. The results of this study are divided into two stages, namely determining the location of the ODP placement and creating an FTTH access network scheme using Google Earth Pro software. The results obtained from using the K-Means algorithm with a value of K = 8 need to be adjusted. ODP adjustments are made to ODPs located in houses or in the middle of the road which will later be shifted to the shoulder of the road. Distribution cable design is carried out at the location of the ODP point that has been adjusted. The design of this distribution cable has 4 paths, each path has 2 ODPs. Previous research has focused on residential areas with relatively small coverage, while the current research covers a wider area, namely RW. This significant difference shows a shift in focus from a small scale to a larger scale so that it can optimize the deployment of FTTH networks in wider areas and improve more services.
EVALUATION OF THE NAVIGATION AND PATTERN-TECHNOLOGIES EFFICACY IN THE TREATMENT OF PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Bukina V. V. , Shchuko A. G. , Yur'eva T. N. , Borisova A. V. , Samsonov D. Yu.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to evaluate the structural changes of the retina after panretinal laser coagulation of the retina in single coagulate mode, pattern and navigation technologies with lasers of different wavelengths and exposures.

Materials and methods of research. A prospective study included two main stages, 78 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy, who underwent panretinal laser coagulation (PRC). 4 groups of patients were formed. At the first stage, the quality of coagulate formation, structural changes in the surrounding retina and changes in light sensitivity before and after laser coagulation were evaluated. At the second stage, the efficacy of retinal laser coagulation was studied depending on the laser coagulation technology.

Optical coherence tomography RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue, USA), Canon was included in the diagnostic examination. The structural changes of the retina were evaluated before and after laser exposure. A study of the light sensitivity of the central parts of the retina was conducted using the Octopus 900 HAAG-STREIT perimeter (Switzerland). The severity of the pain syndrome at the time of the operation was assessed using a visual analog scale 30 minutes after the operation

Results. The formation of a full-fledged chorioretinal scar was observed with all types of laser exposure. It has been proven that a laser with a wavelength of 577 nm with an exposure of 20 ms has a minimal damaging effect, as evidenced by the absence of damage to the outer boundary membrane, outer segments of photoreceptors according to OCT data, as well as the absence of depression of average light sensitivity. According to the results of the pain perception study, it was found that patients who underwent coagulation on the Navilas 577s laser system in automatic mode (exposure of 20 msec) practically did not experience pain.

Conclusions. An assessment of the structural changes in the retina revealed the least damaging effect on the retinal tissue of laser coagulation with a wavelength of 577 nm with an exposure of 20 msec using pattern and navigation technologies, which allowed the photosensitivity of the peripheral parts of the retina to be maintained at the initial level. When using pattern and navigation technologies, the side effects of surgery (pain, glare,) are not pronounced, which makes panretinal laser coagulation comfortable and increases the patient's commitment to this type of treatment.
RARE PATHOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD: TAR SYNDROME. A CASE REPORT
Authors: Maximova O. G. , Levchenko N. V. , Petrukhina I. I. , Bataeva E. P. , Kazantseva A. N. , Molchanova T. S.
Published: December 2024

The article provides a contemporary literature review on the causes, clinical features, laboratory criteria, and management strategies for children with a rare condition – TAR-syndrome. The review is supported by a clinical case of a disease in an infant girl born with thrombocytopenia and a bilateral absence of the radial bones. The diagnosis was confirmed by a specific cytogenetic and molecular study.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY CELL ADHESION MOLECULES IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19
Authors: Karachenova A. M. , Romanova E. N.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the research. To assess the content of intercellular adhesion molecules from the immunoglobulin superfamily: ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3, NCAM, VCAM-1, PECAM-1 in patients with COVID-19-associated lung damage and to identify the presence of a relationship between their concentration and the severity of the process.

Materials and methods. The study included 200 patients with COVID-19-associated lung damage 1 month after discharge from monohospitals in Chita. Patients were divided into groups of 50 people, depending on the degree of lung damage based on the results of computed tomography: Group 1 (CT-1); Group 2 (CT-2); Group 3 (CT-3); Group 4 (CT-4). The study included patients iwhose diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using polymerase chain reaction. The control group included 56 relatively healthy individuals who had not previously suffered from coronavirus infection or other acute respiratory diseases in the past 3 months. All study groups were comparable in terms of gender and age. The content of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3, NCAM, VCAM-1, PECAM-1) in blood serum was determined by immunochemical analysis.

Results. As a result of the work, an increased content of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ICAM2, ICAM-3, NCAM, VCAM-1, PECAM-1) was revealed in the studied groups of patients with COVID-19associated lung damage compared to the control group. Significant differences were also found between groups of patients with different levels of lung damage according to CT data, when studying some intercellular adhesion molecules.

Conclusion. The levels of intercellular adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily in the blood, which are markers of pathological activation of the endothelium, reflect the severity of lung tissue damage against the background of coronavirus infection, including during the convalescence period.
TIME INTERVALS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF MEDICAL CARE IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME WITH ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ON THE ECG
Authors: Lobanova A. N. , Petrova M. M. , Harkov E. I. , Tsibulskaya N. Yu.
Published: December 2024

Objective: to analyze the time intervals of medical care for patients with acute coronary syndrome with STsegment elevation on an electrocardiogram at different stages of care.

Materials and methods. The study included 189 patients of both genders hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation, 3 age groups were formed, according to WHO criteria: 1 group (up to 59 years old) – 72 patients, 2 group (60–75 years old) – 69 patients and 3 group (over 76 years old) – 48 patients. The analysis of the time intervals of care at different stages was carried out, the intervals were compared in the group of men and women, as well as in different age groups.

Results. The time interval from PMC to hospitalization in cPCI was 33 minutes, the interval from PMC to the start of PCI was 90 minutes, which corresponds to the standards of care. The median time to seek care from the onset of symptoms in our study was 191,65 ± 142,49 min. No gender differences were identified in seeking care. Younger patients (group under 60 years) sought care reliably earlier from the onset of symptoms than older patients, which is probably due to a more erased clinical picture in older patients.

Conclusion. The main delay occurs at the symptom-PMC stage, which is the main problem. This indicator depends on the awareness of the population about the symptoms and danger of ACS. To improve this indicator, it is necessary to carry out educational work. The result of this activity should be an earlier recognition of ACS symptoms by patients and a reduction in the time from the onset of symptoms to the call of the NSR.
ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS OF VIRAL ETIOLOGY IN THE OMSK REGION
Authors: Puzyreva L. V. , Sergeeva V. V. , Sivolapova O. N.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the research. to analyze the incidence of acute intestinal infections in the Omsk region, identifying the proportion of viral diarrhea in individuals under 17 years of age.

Materials and methods. The main reporting forms of Rospotrebnadzor for the period from 2017 to 2023 were used. Descriptive statistics methods and dynamic series analysis were applied. A forecast was built.

Results. In the region, acute intestinal infections often remain of unknown origin. Among acute intestinal infections with an established cause, persons under 17 years of age accounted for more than 70,0%. When building a forecast, it was revealed that the situation will not change for 2024.

Of the identified causes of diarrheal syndrome, viruses such as rotavirus, Norwalk, and enterovirus were most often recorded. Over seven years, the share of rotavirus infection was 82,6%, noravirus infection – 8,7%, enterovirus infection – 6,9%. In persons under 17 years of age, rotavirus gastrointestinal tract lesions were observed in 74,8%, norovirus disease in 59,9%, and enterovirus intestinal manifestation in 98,6% of children. In general, during the study period, the share of viral intestinal infections in persons under 17 years of age was 75,0% of all confirmed cases among the population. Outbreaks of intestinal infection in the region were analyzed. The average value of outbreak incidence over 7 years was 0,64 ± 0,003 % of all registered cases of acute intestinal infection. Foci of infection were mainly located in preschool institutions, where the source was people, and the route of transmission was contact-household. In all cases, viral intestinal infection was confirmed. The leading cause of foci of intestinal infection was the Norwalk virus (54,1%). An outbreak of isolated rotavirus infection was detected in 35.1%, and in combination with norovirus – 2,7%. Enterovirus was the cause of group morbidity in 8,1% of cases. Norovirus infection foci in 100% of cases were found in preschool institutions.

Conclusion. In the Omsk region, there is a tendency for low verification of diarrheal syndrome in the population, which affects the under-detection of patients or carriers of acute intestinal pathogens. Viral diarrhea prevails among the population, among which people under 17 years of age make up the majority.
CHANGES IN TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM AND CYTOKINE CONCENTRATION IN SYNOVIAL JOINT TISSUE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Stepanov E. A. , Bayaskhalanova C. B. , Fefelova E. V. , Stepanov A. V. , Tereshkov P. P. , Stepanova M. O. , Tsybikov N. N.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the research. To identify changes in tryptophan and cytokine metabolism in synovial joint tissue in rheumatoid arthritis.

Research materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 40 WISTAR rats. At the beginning of the study, each animal of the experimental groups received an intraperitoneal injection of collagen type 2 solution (Chondrex, Inc., USA) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The content of tryptophan, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykinurinine, L-5-hydrotryptophan by HPLC with fluorimetric and spectrophotometric detection, and the concentration of cytokines: IL1b, IL6, IL10, IL17, IL18, TNFa were determined in the tissues of the synovial membrane of the knee joint. They were determined using Rat Inflammation Panel V02 multiplex assay kits (Biolegend, USA) on a Cytomics FC500 flow cytofluorimeter (Beckman Coulter, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Jamovi program version 2.3.

Results. The concentration of cytokines: IL1b, IL6, IL10, IL17, IL18, TNFa was found to be high during the acute development of rheumatoid arthritis. With experimental rheumatoid arthritis, the content of tryptophan metabolites along the kynurenine pathway increases and the concentration of metabolites along the serotonin pathway decreases. Direct positive correlations of IL1b, IL6, IL10, IL17, IL18, TNFa with the content of tryptophan metabolites along the kynurenine pathway have been established.

Conclusions. Tryptophan metabolism and IL1b, IL6, IL10, IL17, IL18, and TNFa content are altered in rheumotoid arthritis.
CHANGES IN THE INDICATORS OF THROMBUS FORMATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CEPHALOHEMATOMA IN NEWBORNS
Authors: Sushchenko R. A. , Panchenko A. S.
Published: December 2024

Background. Long-term resorption of cephalohematoma may be accompanied by the formation of surgical complications. The rate of resorption of cephalohematoma has uncertain dynamics and may depend on the characteristics of hemostasis in newborns.

Aim. To define the level of thrombus formation and fibrinolysis in venous blood plasma in newborns with cephalohematomas.

Methods. There were 90 newborns under observation, 30 – with medium and large-sized cephalohematomas (the cephalohematoma was punctured), 30 – with small-sized cephalohematomas (the cephalohematoma was not punctured). The control group – 30 healthy newborns. The level of thrombosis and fibrinolysis indicators was determined by flow cytometry on a Cytoflex LX device using multiplex analysis kits.

Results. On the 10th day, the level of prothrombin in newborns of the first group was 1,33 times higher than in the control group, and 1,47 times higher than in the second group of the study. On the 10th day, the concentration of antithrombin III in the first and second groups exceeded the control group by 5.28 and 8,82 times, and on the 28th day of the study by 6,9 and 7,.28 times. The concentration of type 1 plasminogen activation inhibitor in the first and second groups was higher than in the control group by 3,11 and 5,25 times on the 10th day, and on the 28th day of the study by 2,88 and 3,93 times. The level of D-dimer on the 10th day in the first and second groups was 1,43 and 1,71 times higher, and on the 28th day in both groups it was 1,6 times higher than the control group.

Conclusion. Reparation for cephalohematomas is associated with mechanisms of resorption of subperiosteal hemorrhage and depends on the fibrinolytic activity of the hemostatic system. It is likely that the isolation of the cephalohematoma from the systemic circulation under conditions of inhibition of plasminogen activity may be the cause of long-term persistence of subperiosteal hemorrhage.
Repeat surgeries using anterior abdominal wall flaps after single-stage breast reconstruction (literature review)
Authors: Kazaryan S. G. , Startseva O. I. , Ermoshenkova M. V.
Published: December 2024

Immediate breast reconstruction using endoprostheses is the most commonly performed reconstructive breast procedure in both the UK, USA and Russia, reaching 80% of all types of reconstruction. Tertiary reconstruction after previous breast surgeries may be required in case of complications of failed breast reconstruction or recurrence of disease. In foreign literature, the term tertiary reconstruction is commonly used for repeat reconstructive surgery. A literature review was conducted using the keywords: “одномоментная реконструкция молочной железы”, “reoperation in breast reconstruction”, “secondary reconstruction after immediate breast reconstruction”, “tertiary reconstruction with autologous tissue”.

It has been established that repeated operations using anterior abdominal wall flaps after one-stage breast reconstruction have a good healing outcome and satisfy the aesthetic needs of patients.

Conclusion. Tertiary reconstruction after a long period of implant placement is motivated by undesirable symptoms (breast pain, psychological discomfort), cosmetic dissatisfaction of patients, late infections, development of cancer of the contralateral breast or recurrence of the disease on the side of reconstruction.
Changes in heart rate variability after rhinosurgical interventions
Authors: Nashvan A. , Markushin A. A. , Timoshenko A. V. , Kotov V. N. , Kastyro I. V. , Popadyuk V. I. , Ganshin I. B. , Kartasheva A. F.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to study changes in heart rate variability (HRV), as an indicator of the stress response, after rhinosurgical interventions.

Material and methods. A study of heart rate variability was conducted in 98 patients in the perioperative period who underwent open rhinoplasty (1st group, 33 patients), open rhinoplasty with simultaneous septoplasty (2nd group, 33 patients), and septoplasty (3rd group, 32 patients). Heart rate variability was assessed before surgery, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours after surgery. The low frequency component (LF), high frequency component (HF), and very low frequency component (VLF) of HRV were studied.

Results. In the 3rd group of patients, compared with the data before surgery, the high-frequency component of HRV significantly decreased on the 3rd  and 24th  hours after surgery (p < 0.001), but increased after two days (p < 0.001). 3 hours after surgery, HF HRV in patients of 1st group was significantly higher than in patients of groups 2nd and 3rd (p < 0.001). In the second group, a significant decrease in HF was noted in the first 3 (p < 0.001), 6 hours (p < 0.01), 24 hours (p < 0.05) and 48 hours (p < 0.001) of the postoperative period, compared with data before surgery. In 3rd group, at intervals after surgery of 3 and 24 hours (p < 0.001), as well as 6 hours (p < 0.001), LF was significantly lower than before septoplasty. 3 hours after surgery, the VLF in the rhinoplasty group was significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.001). At the 6th hour there were no differences between the groups. After 24 hours, in the septoplasty group, VLF was significantly lower than in 11st and 2nd groups (p <0.01).

Conclusion. Septoand rhinosptoplasty provoke an inadequate low response from the sympathetic nervous system in the first hours after surgery, which is manifested by low LF power and indicates a violation of adaptive responses maladaptation. A decrease in VLF power in the first 3 hours after septoand rhinoseptoplasty indicates a pronounced stressor effect, which leads to low adaptive capabilities compared to rhinoplasty, that is, maladaptation within the specified period.
Formation of a sphincter mechanism in colostomy using titanium nickelide implants in an experiment
Authors: Korobeinikova V. I. , Dambaev G. Ts. , Soloviev M. M. , Kurtseitov N. E. , Vtorushin S. V. , Gunther V. E. , Khodorenko V. N. , Anikeev S. G. , Borodina S. V. , Kaydash O. A. , Bukterov M. V. , Vasilchenko D. V. , Ufandeev A. A. , Avdoshina E. A. , Pobezimova A. S. , Li V. S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose of the study: to conduct a comparative assessment of the formation of the sphincter mechanism during colostomy using titanium nickelide-based implants in an experiment.

Material and methods. The experimental study was conducted on 45 sexually mature male rats Wistar with an average body weight of (531.3 ± 13.4) g. The animals were randomized into three equal groups of 15 animals each. In the 1st experimental group, a cylindrical spiral made of titanium nickelide with invagination of the serosalmuscular layer of the colon was used to create a colostomy. In the 2nd experimental group, a similar spiral was used, but without invagination of the serous-muscular layer. The control group underwent the standard procedure of single-barrel colostomy formation. Animals were removed from the experiment on the 7th, 30th and 60th days after the operation, 5 animals at each stage. Histologic examination of the area of the formed colostomy with constipation apparatus was performed.

Results. The use of cylindrical spiral implants from titanium nickelide in colostomy formation (both with and without invagination of the serosal-muscular layer of the colon) had no significant effect on the dynamics of body weight of experimental animals compared to the classical method. Colostomy formation without invagination of the serous-muscular layer did not lead to an increase in the incidence of postoperative complications in comparison with the traditional method. However, invagination of the serous-muscular layer was accompanied by an increased incidence of complications in the postoperative period.

Conclusion. The complex analysis of experimental data, including the assessment of survival rate, body weight dynamics, incidence of postoperative complications, morphological changes, the course of regenerative processes and stoma functionality, allows us to recommend as a promising method of colostomy the use of a cylindrical spiral made of titanium nickelide without invagination of the serous-muscular layer of the intestine.
The consequences of after-hours work: a fixed-effect study of burnout, pain, detachment and work–home conflict among Norwegian workers
Authors: Bernstrøm Vilde Hoff , Ingelsrud Mari , Nilsen Wendy
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES: Working outside the workplace and ordinary work hours has become common for a larger part of the working population. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between working after-hours and employee burnout, musculoskeletal pain, detachment and work–home conflict, delineating the independent effect of four different types of after-hours work, and the moderating role of work-time control.

METHODS: The data comprised longitudinal questionnaire data from 1465 full-time employees in Norway across four waves (2021–2022). We examined the link between four types of after-hours work: (i) long daily work hours (>10 hours); (ii) late evening work (after 21:00 hours); (iii) quick returns (<11 hours continued rest); and (iv) long weekly work hours (>40 hours a week) and employee health and wellbeing (ie, work–home conflict, detachment, burnout, and musculoskeletal pain), in fixed effects models. We stratified the analyses by working-time control.

RESULTS: The results support a link between late evening work, long daily and weekly work, and higher work–home conflict and lower detachment as well as between weekly work hours and higher burnout. The findings yielded limited support for work-time control as a moderating factor; the link between quick returns and burnout was only evident for employees with below-average work-time control.

CONCLUSIONS: The four types of after-hours work were all independently related to at least one employee outcome, although the link with quick returns was only evident when work-time control was below average. The results are important for practitioners aiming to implement family-friendly and healthy practices.
The Relationship Between Natural Resistance –Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP-1) Levels and Hb and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis Patients
Authors: Djannah Fathul , Setijo Rahaju Anny , Nasrum Massi Muhammad , Hatta Mochammad , Bukhari Agussalim , Handayani Irda
Published: December 2024

Backgrounds: Tuberculosis lymphadenitis (LnTB) is the most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). The NRAMP-1 gene is located in macrophages which functions to secrete iron needed by MTB to live. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) is a serological test commonly used in various immunology laboratories. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of NRAMP-1 levels with Hb and BMI in tuberculosis lymphadenitis patients. Method: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional carried out from January to September 2021 on 50 LnTB patients. Blood was taken before treatment and then an ELISA examination was performed to determine NRAMP-1 levels, as well as an Hb examination. Nutritional status was determined by body mass index (BMI) assessment. Results: Of the 78 respondents, 34.6% are male and 65.4% are female. The mean age of the respondents in this study is 26.89. Histopathologically, it was found that 56.4% are well-organized granulomas and the respondent patients are mostly from Mataram with a percentage of 30.7%. The mean nodule complaint is 3.0064 cm. The mean NRAMP-1 level is 256.88, the mean Hb is 12.05, and the mean BMI is 20.31. After the spearman-rho test, it was found that the relationship between NRAMP-1 levels and Hb is p=0.018 and the relationship between NRAMP-1 levels and BMI is p=0.242. Conclusion: There is a relationship between NRAMP-1 levels and Hb. However, there is no significant relationship between NRAMP-1 levels and BMI.
Optimized Deep Learning based Approach for Enhanced frame work of Automated Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Ravala Lavanya , G.K. Rajini
Published: December 2024

Diabetic Retinopathy is a major threat to cause vision loss in people suffering from Diabetes Mellitus. Many machine learning algorithms were proposed to detect Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) at an early stage, and with proper treatment vision loss may be reduced. This paper proposes a novel method to detect DR through severity scale by observing the abnormalities through ensemble methods. Deep learning based models are gaining focus to construct automated tools for medical image analysis. This paper uses Alex Net based DNN (Deep Neural Network) which functions on the basis of Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and is applied to have an optimal solution for automated DR detection with Random Forest Classifier (RFC). Recursively Separated and Weighted Histogram Equalisation (RSHWE) is used to preserve brightness, ensemble of segmentation algorithms to the identify Region of Interest (ROI). Feature map constructed using Gaussian and Gabor filter coefficients and Grey Level Co occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features and these features are applied to Random Forest Classifier (RFC) to classify the diseased images. The performance of RFC is also compared with and without Gradient features with Enhanced RFC (E-RFC). The accuracy of various classifiers is compared with our proposed method. In this paper, the considered performance metrics are accuracy, sensitivity, specificity. This method experimented on publicly available fundus image data sets for DR and shows good results with an accuracy (94.8%), specificity (93%), sensitivity (96%).
Development Anti-Acne Emulgel containing White Tea Extract and Pomegranate Seed Oil
Authors: Ega Priani Sani , Peni Fitrianingsih Sri , Syafnir Livia , Mulkiya Kiki , Radina Faqih , Mardliyani Dieni
Published: December 2024

Acne is an inflammatory condition in the pilosebaceous glands due to many factors, including colonization of Propionibacterium acnes. White tea and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) contain many phytochemical constituents with antibacterial properties. This study aims to develop emulgel preparations containing white tea extract and PSO with good physical characteristics and stability. The study was also conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts and emulgel preparation against the acne-causing bacteria P. acnes. White tea was extracted using 70% ethanol by ultrasonic extraction method. Antibacterial activity tests were conducted using agar well diffusion. Emulgels were prepared using PSO as the oil phase, stearic acid and triethanolamine (TEA) as the emulsifier agent, and viscolam mac 10 as a gelling agent. The emulgels were evaluated by organoleptic, pH, viscosity, spreadability, centrifugation, and freeze-thaw tests. The white tea extract has potent antibacterial activity against P. acnes with a MIC value of 0.05%. The extract at 1% and 2% concentrations has been successfully developed into an emulgel system with good physical characteristics based on organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and spreadability tests. The emulgel was stable base on the centrifugation and freeze-thaw tests. Emulgel containing 2% white tea extract has optimum antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 12.80 ± 0.20 mm, The white tea emulgel has potent antibacterial activity and can be further developed as anti-acne product
Histochemical Analysis of Raw Materials of Linaria vulgaris Mill. Growing in Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Kh.I Itzhanova , D.K. Nurkadirov , M. Yu. Ishmuratova , A.B. Kosherbek , S.A. Baidullayeva , Poleszak Ewa
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of a histochemical study of the aerial part of Linaria vulgaris Mill., collected during the period of mass flowering (July-August 2023) in the Bukhar-Zhyrau district, Karaganda region (Republic of Kazakhstan). Goal. To ascertain the specific localization patterns of various groups of biologically active substances within the aerial organs of Linaria vulgaris Mill., as found in the Central Kazakhstan region. Materials and methods. For the histochemical analysis, aerial parts of Linaria vulgaris Mill. were collected during the flowering stage. These plant samples were fixed in Strauss-Fleming solution, followed by preparation of cross sections. Histochemical reactions were then carried out to pinpoint and characterize various biologically active compounds, including essential oils, starch, flavonoids, polysaccharides, sesquiterpene lactones, and alkaloids. The microscopic examination and histochemical tests adhered to the protocols outlined in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results. Histochemical techniques employing light microscopy were used to identify the distribution of biologically active compounds within the plant raw material of Linaria vulgaris Mill. The analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and polysaccharides. However, essential oils and sesquiterpene lactones were not observed. Conclusion. This marks the inaugural application of histochemical tests to examine the distribution of biologically active substances within the tissues of Linaria vulgaris Mill. These findings hold significant potential for verifying the authenticity, identifying, and establishing standards for the aerial components of Linaria vulgaris Mill.
Cloud Incident Response: Enhancing Efficiency Through Redundancy
Authors: Rakesh Bhavsar
Published: December 2024

The focus of this study revolves around enhancing incident response within cloud environments. It begins by establishing a conventional incident response framework as a foundational structure for the cloud incident response model. A primary objective of this model is to reduce incident handling time significantly. This reduction is accomplished by adding a Security Domain devoted to threat analysis and cloud forensics, as well as by incorporating infrastructure redundancy into the cloud system through Network and Security Controllers.The paper delves into the architectural adjustments necessary for implementing these enhancements and applies them within the context of the cloud incident response model.
Boletín de Precios Forestales, Septiembre 2024
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Pardo Evaristo
Published: December 2024

Durante septiembre de 2024, los precios nominales de los principales productos de pino radiata comercializados en el país presentaron un aumento comparado con junio del presente año, destacándose las alzas en la madera cepillada, explicadas por un incremento en la demanda estacional. El precio nominal de la madera cepillada de pino radiata, puesta en barraca de las regiones de Biobío y Metropolitana, subió un 1,3% y un 3,0%, respectivamente, acumulando una variación positiva de 0,6% y 5,0% en doce meses. La madera aserrada de pino radiata, puesta en barraca de la Región Metropolitana, se incrementó un 2,7%, y puesta en aserradero de la Región de Biobío no registro variación, comparado con junio. El precio de las trozas aserrables de pino radiata puestas en aserradero de la Región de Biobío, muestra una leve mejoría de 0,1%, respecto de junio y 1,7% en doce meses. En tanto la madera pulpable de pino radiata, puesto en planta de las regiones del Maule y Biobío, no presentó cambio de precios en doce meses.
Migración hondureña en tránsito por México: tipos de viajes y estrategias migratorias
Authors: Torre Cantalapiedra Eduardo
Published: December 2024

La migración hondureña en tránsito por México incorporó un porcentaje importante de migrantes que, pese a sus características de vulnerabilidad a los riesgos del camino, tuvieron éxito en sus travesías migratorias. Con base en la revisión de la literatura y el trabajo de campo realizado en Tijuana, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los tipos de viajes que realizan los migrantes hondureños de manera irregular, o en su caso, con documentos no convencionales para transitar por México, así como examinar las estrategias migratorias de mayor relevancia empleadas en cada uno de ellos para alcanzar su destino migratorio y minimizar los riesgos de las travesías. Los resultados de este trabajo dan cuenta de cinco maneras de transitar por el territorio mexicano en los que se ponen en juego diferentes recursos (personales, institucionales, entre otros) para superar las barreras en el camino y lidiar con los riesgos.
La educación emprendedora en Santa Rosa de Copán, Honduras, año 2023
Authors: Salgado Guifarro Onix Alejandra , Vargas Pineda Eloísa , Pineda Ortega María Luisa
Published: December 2024

La Educación Emprendedora (EE) es clave para dinamizar los territorios y sus economías, su aporte a nivel de conocimientos permite crear espacios de crecimiento individual y colectivo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la relevancia de la EE en el municipio de Santa Rosa de Copán-Honduras (SRC-HN), para generar alternativas de mejora que promuevan su desarrollo humano y crecimiento empresarial. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la Metodología de Marco Lógico (MML) en cada una de sus etapas, de forma simultánea se realizaron entrevistas a actores locales y se encuestó a 66 emprendedores del municipio. Entre los principales hallazgos se identificó un desconocimiento generalizado sobre la importancia de la EE, lo que está relacionado con el bajo nivel educativo de la población y la escasa conciencia de la necesidad de formación empresarial para iniciar y mantener un negocio. Esto indica la importancia de generar estrategias integrales, incluyentes y sostenibles en torno a programas formativos, campañas publicitarias de educación emprendedora y alianzas entre instituciones, promoviendo espacios participativos en temas relacionados con finanzas, mercadeo, aspectos legales y administrativos.
Cryptococcus neoformans en las instalaciones del Hospital Nacional Rosales de El Salvador
Authors: López Flores Karen Lisseth , Segura Calderón Francis Alfredo
Published: December 2024

La criptococosis, micosis oportunista causada por una levadura capsulada: Cryptococcus neoformans, la cual, taxonómicamente, está clasificada dentro del reino fungi, phylum Basidiomycota, familia Filobasidiella. El microorganismo fue aislado de heces y nidos de palomas Columba livia. Las excretas de estas especies constituyen el hábitat ideal para el microorganismo debido a que contienen las sustancias orgánicas necesarias para la viabilidad y crecimiento del hongo. El Hospital Nacional Rosales (HNR), principal nosocomio de San Salvador y del país, posee una numerosa población de palomas. La investigación se planteó por objetivo: comprobar la existencia de Cryptococcus neoformans en heces de palomas que habitan dentro de las instalaciones del HNR. Método: se realizaron cultivos a partir de excretas de palomas provenientes del suelo y restos de nidos que se encontraron en las instalaciones; se realizó la siembra en agar semilla de girasol y a partir del crecimiento, se hicieron preparaciones al fresco y prueba de ureasa, para su identificación. Los resultados muestran la presencia de Cryptococcus neoformans en las instalaciones del HNR, y además se concluye que, independientemente de la procedencia de las muestras ambientales, existe igual posibilidad de recuperar el hongo aunque se trate de excretas secas o frescas (húmedas), lo que constituye un factor de riesgo de infección para los pacientes hospitalizados inmunosuprimidos y población en general que trabaja o visita el nosocomio. Si a la condición de inmunosupresión, ya sea por enfermedad o iatrogénica, se suma la inhalación de esporas del hongo, se constituye en un problema de salud pública por resolver.
Prevalencia de infección latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, en estudiantes del área de la salud, El Salvador
Authors: Merino Reyes Willian Armando , Ortega Pérez Carlos Alexander , Velis Barrientos Bessy Lorena
Published: December 2024

La tuberculosis es causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis; agente que, según OMS, infecta a un cuarto de la población mundial, y en El Salvador la tasa de incidencia para el año 2023 fue de 68 por 100,000 habitantes. El personal de salud y en particular el personal en formación, cada vez aumentan su exposición. La infección latente por tuberculosis (ILTB), es decir, el estado de respuesta inmunitaria persistente a la estimulación por antígenos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, que no se acompaña de manifestaciones clínicas de tuberculosis activa, se detecta a través de la prueba cutánea de la tuberculina o prueba de Mantoux. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de infección latente por tuberculosis (ILTB) en estudiantes del área de la salud, a través de la prueba de tuberculina. Materiales y métodos: la población en estudio fueron estudiantes de tercer año menores de 30 años de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de El Salvador, que aún no tienen prácticas clínicas en centros de salud. De ellos, se seleccionaron 140 al azar a quienes se les aplicó PPD (derivado proteico purificado). Resultados: de las 140 aplicaciones, se leyeron a 118, de los cuales un 22.3 % de estudiantes reportó lecturas > de 10mm y un 77.97 % con lecturas < de 10mm., de ellos 50 % tuvieron PPD de cero mm; se evidencia que no existe diferencia significativa entre ambos sexos. Como conclusión se plantea que los resultados de la investigación permiten sugerir que los estudiantes positivos a PPD han adquirido la infección latente por tuberculosis en entornos comunitarios o del hogar y los negativos a PPD, abren una importante oportunidad para desarrollar una investigación longitudinal que evidencie riesgos laborales al entrar a prácticas hospitalarias.
Contribuciones de la Universidad de El Salvador al desarrollo del país
Authors: Renderos de Molina Deysi Maribel , Franco Franco Joel , Cantón Navarrete Marlon Marcelo
Published: December 2024

Introducción: en este documento se hace un breve esbozo sobre la contribución, al desarrollo social y productivo, de la Universidad de El Salvador en la historia del país. La importancia y originalidad de este trabajo radica en poner a la vista algunos de los aportes de la UES en diversas áreas, particularmente, su desempeño en la formación profesional y científica, y en los procesos de democratización del país; pero también pone a la vista sus principales desafíos actuales. Objetivo: visibilizar una parte de las contribuciones que la Universidad de El Salvador desempeña en beneficio de la sociedad salvadoreña. Metodología: un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con base a la revisión documental de dominio público. Resultados: En sus orígenes, la Universidad de El Salvador fue la institución donde se instruyó a la clase dirigente del país, y a lo largo de su historia ha contribuido desde la formación profesional a los procesos de cambio social; acompañando movimientos por la democracia y en la búsqueda constante de la calidad académica en función de diversas problemáticas sociales. Conclusiones: en toda su trayectoria, la Universidad de El Salvador, ha cumplido un rol central en el desarrollo del país, porque a partir de la formación profesional, la investigación y la innovación científica con enfoque social, se vincula con la solución de problemas en distintas áreas de la realidad salvadoreña haciendo énfasis en su especial contribución a la vida democrática y al desarrollo del país.
Rapport d’Observation du Testing Alpha
Authors: Ranaivosamoelina Tokiniaina , Rasolohery Hasiniavo , Koomar Saalim
Published: December 2024

An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org/
Guide pour les administrateurs de la plateforme Formation À Distance
Authors: Rasolohery Hasiniavo , Ranaivosamoelina Tokiniaina
Published: December 2024

An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org/
Kajian Pendahuluan Inspeksi Vendor Komponen Reaktor Nuklir
Authors:   Pusat Pengkajian Sistem dan Teknologi Pengawasan Instalasi dan Bahan Nuklir, BAPETEN, Jakarta, Sukarno Diah Hidayanti , Firmanda Fibra Rhoma , Sarmita Winda ,   Direktorat Inspeksi Instalasi dan Bahan Nuklir, BAPETEN, Jakarta
Published: December 2024

To welcome the first nuclear power plant in Indonesia, BAPETEN must prepare regulatory infrastructure at all stages of development and operation of the nuclear power plant. Nuclear power plant regulatory infrastructure during construction has yet to be made available. Manufacturing inspection of NPP component vendors is one form of supervision that must be carried out at the construction stage. Inspection of manufacturing activities is very important because the quality of NPP components produced, especially safety-related components, will affect the safety performance of NPP operations. Therefore, a preliminary study of vendor inspection is needed to support the inspection work unit at BAPETEN in preparing manufacturing inspection capabilities. This study was conducted through a literature study regarding regulations and practices for holding vendor inspections in other countries. The study focuses on vendor inspections' goals/objectives, mechanisms, and inspection check items. The study results show that vendor inspection is substantially quality assurance inspection, which aims to ensure vendors have adequate quality assurance arrangements and implement them to guarantee the quality of products (goods or services) used at the NPP. The main inspection check items are the adequacy of the vendor's Quality Assurance Program and the suitability of its implementation. BAPETEN can prepare a list of inspection check items by referring to practices in other countries, for example, America and Türkiye. BAPETEN also needs to prepare inspection procedures, starting with the planning, preparation (pre-inspection), implementation, and post-inspection stages. Regulations and guidelines that support the implementation of vendor inspections in Indonesia also need to be prepared.
Keywords: manufacture, inspection, vendor, NPP component, quality assurance.
Penerapan Teori Graf dalam Pengkajian Ancaman Peredaran Ilegal Bahan Nuklir dan Sumber Radioaktif
Authors:   Pusat Pengkajian Sistem dan Teknologi Pengawasan Instalasi dan Bahan Nuklir, BAPETEN, Jakarta, Dharmaperwira Decky D. , Wiringgalih Petit , Setianingsih Lilis S.
Published: December 2024

Utilizing nuclear and other radioactive sources poses a risk of misuse that may impact public safety, security, and safeguards. An architecture for detecting illicit trafficking of radioactive materials needs to be implemented. Threat assessment is part of the development of such architecture. A systematic approach to threat assessment on the illegal trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials has been proposed. However, the approach only considers the possibility of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials directly from the utilization sites and not the possibility that the radioactive materials come from another port without getting detected in the ports they transited through. In Indonesia, the utilization of radioactive materials on one island may pose a threat of illicit trafficking through ports in other islands. Because ports, utilization of radioactive materials, and transport of radioactive materials can be modelled using graphs, this study proposes an implementation of graph theory to develop the threat assessment further. This paper presents a model framework that can be developed into an analysis model by adding factors that affect the parameters depending on the needs and the available data. The proposed model framework is expected to be integrable to the existing threat assessment so that it also takes into account the possibility of detection failure during transit in ports, and further threat assessment that is more suitable for Indonesia as an archipelagic state may be conducted.
Keywords: nuclear security, graph theory, illicit trafficking, radioactive source.