bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-silico characterization and structure-based functional annotation of a hypothetical protein from Campylobacter jejuni involved in propionate catabolism
Authors: Mazumder Lincon , Hasan Mehedi , Rus'd Ahmed Abu , Islam Mohammad Ariful
Published: December 2021

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most prevalent organisms associated with foodborne illness across the globe causing campylobacteriosis and gastritis. Many proteins of C. jejuni are still unidentified. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and function of a non-annotated hypothetical protein (HP) from C. jejuni. A number of properties like physiochemical characteristics, 3D structure, and functional annotation of the HP (accession No. CAG2129885.1) were predicted using various bioinformatics tools followed by further validation and quality assessment. Moreover, the protein-protein interactions and active site were obtained from the STRING and CASTp server, respectively. The hypothesized protein possesses various characteristics including an acidic pH, thermal stability, water solubility, and cytoplasmic distribution. While alpha-helix and random coil structures are the most prominent structural components of this protein, most of it is formed of helices and coils. Along with expected quality, the 3D model has been found to be novel. This study has identified the potential role of the HP in 2-methylcitric acid cycle and propionate catabolism. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions revealed several significant functional partners. The in-silico characterization of this protein will assist to understand its molecular mechanism of action better. The methodology of this study would also serve as the basis for additional research into proteomic and genomic data for functional potential identification.
High-performance computing for SARS-CoV-2 RNAs clustering: a data science‒based genomics approach
Authors: Oujja Anas , Abid Mohamed Riduan , Boumhidi Jaouad , Bourhnane Safae , Mourhir Asmaa , Merchant Fatima , Benhaddou Driss
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, Genomic data constitutes one of the fastest growing datasets in the world. As of 2025, it is supposed to become the fourth largest source of Big Data, and thus mandating adequate high-performance computing (HPC) platform for processing. With the latest unprecedented and unpredictable mutations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the research community is in crucial need for ICT tools to process SARS-CoV-2 RNA data, e.g., by classifying it (i.e., clustering) and thus assisting in tracking virus mutations and predict future ones. In this paper, we are presenting an HPC-based SARS-CoV-2 RNAs clustering tool. We are adopting a data science approach, from data collection, through analysis, to visualization. In the analysis step, we present how our clustering approach leverages on HPC and the longest common subsequence (LCS) algorithm. The approach uses the Hadoop MapReduce programming paradigm and adapts the LCS algorithm in order to efficiently compute the length of the LCS for each pair of SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequences. The latter are extracted from the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Virus repository. The computed LCS lengths are used to measure the dissimilarities between RNA sequences in order to work out existing clusters. In addition to that, we present a comparative study of the LCS algorithm performance based on variable workloads and different numbers of Hadoop worker nodes.
Correlation of Anxiety with Pregnancy Symptoms and Maternal-Fetal Attachment
Authors: Ghanbari-Homaie Solmaz , Hasani Sonia , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: December 2021

Background: Anxiety during pregnancy may affect maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) and the prevalence of pregnancy symptoms. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the correlation of anxiety with pregnancy symptoms and MFA. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 pregnant women in the health centers of Tabriz, Iran, in 2020. Samples were selected by the cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the socio-demographic questionnaire, Pregnancy-related Anxiety Questionnaire-revised 2 (PRAQ-R2), MFA Scale (MFAS), and Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory (PSI), all of which were completed as self-administered in the second half of pregnancy. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and adjusted general linear model were used for data analysis. Results: The results of Pearson's correlation showed no correlation between anxiety during pregnancy and MFA among nulliparous (r = -0.003, P = 0.976) and multiparous (r = -0.003, P = 0.712) pregnant women. However, anxiety and pregnancy symptoms were significantly correlated among nulliparous (r = 0.424, P < 0.001) and multiparous (r = 0.227, P = 0.028) pregnant women. According to the general linear model, after adjusting the socio-demographic variables, a significant correlation was observed between anxiety and pregnancy symptoms (P < 0.001), while no relationship was found between anxiety and MFA (P = 0.705). Conclusions: Given the significant correlation between anxiety and pregnancy symptoms, pregnant women with anxiety symptoms need to be screened and treated by an expert psychological team if their disorder is confirmed.
Association between Stress and Metabolic Syndrome and its Mediating Factors in University Students
Authors: Gallegos-Gonzalez Guadalupe , Pineda-García Gisela , Serrano-Medina Aracely , Martinez Ana Laura , Ochoa-Ruiz Estefanía
Published: December 2021

Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the association between perceived stress and indicators of metabolic syndrome and how this association is mediated by sleep problems, unhealthy eating habits, and night eating syndrome, in addition to serum levels of ghrelin and cortisol in university
students. Methods: We recruited 192 students from a public university in Mexico. Weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were taken in accordance with standard protocols. Validated questionnaires were used to assess perceived stress, sleep quality and eating habits. Fasting
blood samples were taken to measure ghrelin, cortisol, triglycerides, glucose and HDL-C. Results: Path Analysis indicated direct positive effects of stress over PSQI (β = 0.341) and NES (β = 0.443); PSQI over NES (β = 0.233) and NES over glucose (β = 0.170), triglycerides
over LDL-C (β = 0.215), waist circumference over SBP (β = 0.259). Likewise, standardized negative regression weights of PSQI over Diet Quality Index (β = -0.239) and ghrelin concentrations (β = -0.132), ghrelin over Diet Quality Index (β = -0.188) and waist circumference
(β = -0.147). Diet Quality Index over triglycerides (β = -0.184); sleep duration over systolic blood pressure (β = -0.242); waist circumference over HDL-C (β = -0.256). Conclusion: Psychological stress leads to increased indicators of MetS via decreased sleep quality, inadequate
eating habits and eating behavior in university students.
Effects of Humanized Nursing on Perioperative Glaucoma Patients under Local Anesthesia and Sleep Quality
Authors: Xu Zhiying , Xu Lina , Li Tao , Sheng Qunfang , Shi Yuan , Gao Jing
Published: December 2021

Objective: We assessed the effects of humanized nursing on perioperative glaucoma patients under local anesthesia and their sleep quality. Methods: Fifty glaucoma patients who underwent surgery under local anesthesia from January 2018 to January 2020 were enrolled and randomly divided
into 2 groups (N=25). The control group received routine nursing care whereas the observation group underwent humanized nursing care. We compared negative emotion scores, treatment compliance, incidence of postoperative complications, comfort score, sleep quality score, and nursing satisfaction.
Results: After nursing, the observation group had lower SAS and SDS scores than the control group (p < .05). The total treatment compliance rate was higher in the observation group than that in the control group (96.0% vs 72.0%, p < .05). The observation group had a lower incidence rate
of postoperative complications than the control group (4.0% vs 24.0%, p < .05). After nursing, the observation group exhibited an increased GCQ score and a decreased PSQI score compared to the control group (p < .05). The total satisfaction rate of nursing was higher in the observation
group than that in the control group (96.0% vs 76.0%, p < .05). Conclusion: Humanized nursing for glaucoma patients during the perioperative period under local anesthesia is able to relieve the negative emotion of patients and enhance their treatment compliance, which is conducive to reducing
postoperative complications, increasing physical comfort level, and ameliorating sleep quality, thereby improving nursing satisfaction by patients.
A METHODOLOGY FOR CYBER HYGIENE IN SMART GRIDS
Authors: Olivares Rojas Juan Carlos , REYES ARCHUNDIA ENRIQUE , GUTIERREZ GNECCHI JOSE ANTONIO , MENDEZ PATIÑO ARTURO , CERDA JACOBO JAIME , MOLINA MORENO ISMAEL
Published: December 2021

Although smart grids offer multiple advantages over traditional grids, there are still challenges to overcome to ensure the quality of service and grid security. In particular, cybersecurity plays an essential role in ensuring grid operation reliability and resilience to external threats. The traditional approach to address cybersecurity issues generally does not consider the human factor as the main component. Recently, the concept of cyber hygiene has emerged, where social and human aspects are fundamental to reduce vulnerabilities and the risk of attacks and breaches. In a similar manner to personal hygiene, which greatly influences people’s health, considering the human factor (i.e., human behaviour, awareness, and training) as a critical cybersecurity component, can significantly improve human operator cybersecurity practices that in turn can result in improved cybersecurity performance. In this paper, the authors propose and test a methodology for implementing cyber hygiene practices in the context of Smart Grid systems, focused on smart metering systems. The results suggest that implementing cyber hygiene practices can improve smart meter cybersecurity and be suitable for implementing other sensitive Smart Grid components.

Key Words: Cybersecurity, Cyber Hygiene, Internet of Things, Smart Grid, Smart Meters.
BEST PRACTICES FOR VENTILATION MANAGEMENT IN ENCLOSED SPACES
Authors: GALLARDO SALAZAR JUAN MANUEL , MANCERAS RODRIGUEZ ALICIA DESIREE , ZUBIZARRETA JIMENEZ ROGELIO , DIAZ RODRIGUEZ FERNANDI
Published: December 2021

In 2020, health crisis caused by the COVID-19 forced a massive population lockdown. During this period, virtual world storm everyone's reality, children attended telematic classes, adults worked from home and social relationships became reduced to a video call. Now, in 2021, even we are still in the middle of the pandemic, the presence in schools, workplaces and recreational areas has been resumed. However, the sensitivity of the situation requires that the return is made with the appropriate measures to prevent transmission: the mandatory use of face masks, the installation of hydroalcholic gel dispensers, or the control of the corporal temperature are some of them, but it seems insufficient the attention paid to the air quality in enclosed spaces since a good ventilation is as valuable as the previous measures or even more. Throughout this paper, a number of good practices for the ventilation management in enclosed spaces will be explained.
CONCRETE BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATIONS AND LEGAL ASPECTS
Authors: BENAVENT DE BARBERA MIGUEL , CARRASCOSA COBOS CRISTINA , SANTAMARIA GONZALEZ VALENTIN
Published: December 2021

As we all know, blockchain has established itself as a promising technology with the introduction and use of cryptocurrencies. However, efficiency within administrative processes in companies and corporations is possibly the clearest use case. The industrial sector could not be less.
THE LITTLE iSIM, A STORY ABOUT SATLANTIS: THE ASTROPHYSICS OF LOOKING DOWN
Authors: HERNANI BURZACO JUAN TOMAS
Published: December 2021

Any birth, any access to life requires determination, coordination of cooperating organs and a remarkable energy threshold to overcome the resistances of this process. In a company as well.
Satlantis was born in Florida, in October 2013, after a 3-year pregnancy within the Astrophysics Department of the University of Florida, in a birth captained by the father of the creature himself, Rafael Guzman, director of the department and in the presence of the family, Cristina Garmendia and myself.
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF RETREADED TIRES
Authors: CUADRADO SEMPERE OSCAR , CLAR GARCIA DAVID , SANCHEZ LOZANO MIGUEL
Published: December 2021

Regulations R(EC)661/2009 and R(EC)1222/2009 established environmental requirements for new tires and their labeling, not applicable in principle to retreaded tires. However, in anticipation of future revisions, different studies were promoted, mainly oriented to truck tires, the main market for retreading. Two lines of research were opened at UMH, focused respectively on the study of rolling resistance and rolling noise.
Parental Decisions on Sharing Their Children's Private Information on Social Media among Families in Jakarta Area
Authors: Wardhani Putri , Sekarasih Laras
Published: December 2021

The practice of publishing photos and videos containing children’s private information on social media—also known as sharenting—is popular among parents in Jakarta. Embarking from the debate about privacy paradox in which it is believed that privacy concern does not predict someone’s behaviors in managing his/her private information online, this research aims to reveal the considerations underlying parental decisions when sharing their children’s private information through social media and their perceived risk toward their children’s online safety. Using a qualitative approach, the researcher conducted interviews with 20 parents in Jakarta with at least one child younger the 13 years. The result suggests that the perceived benefit of sharenting exceeds its perceived risks. The study also found four reasons why parents exercise sharenting: to document their children’s development, to gain social support from their followers on social media, and to overcome loneliness as new parents and the low self-efficacy of parents in protecting children’s privacy on the internet. Unsurprisingly sharenting through social media has become a growing trend among parents. This finding thus will be useful as a groundwork to develop an intervention program regarding relevant sharenting in the context of Jakarta, Indonesia.
Re-illumination and pause behavior of streamer filament of streamer discharge in water
Authors: Wang Xue , Wen Xiao-Qiong , Wang Li-Ru , Yang Yuan-Tian , Xue Xiao-Dong ,   School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Published: December 2021

The streamer discharge in water is a main object for studying the basic physical and chemical processes of an electric discharge in water. In this paper, the re-illuminations and the pause behaviors of a streamer filament of the microsecond pulsed streamer discharge in water with different conductivities (20 to 800 µS/cm) are studied by adopting a needle-plate electrode system and an ultra-high-speed camera system. The cause why the re-illumination of the streamer filament is difficult to detect by using the camera system as the water conductivity gets higher is discussed. It is found that the re-illumination alternately occurs among different streamer filaments, and two modes of the re-illumination are identified: one is that the whole filament quenches and then illuminates again; the other is that only the tip part of the filament quenches and then resumes the illumination. The appearance rate of the re-illumination of the streamer filament decreases rapidly as the water conductivity increases, and then drops to zero as the water conductivity exceeds 540 µS/cm. Within a water conductivity range of 20–800 µS/cm, the appearance rate of segmentation in shockwave pattern of the streamer filament is larger than 65%, indicating that the pause is a common behavior of the streamer filament. By measuring the difference in radius between two adjacent shockwave segments, the average pause period of the streamer filament is estimated at 157 ns, which is almost not affected by the water conductivity. As the water conductivity increases, the light intensity of the streamer filament increases rapidly. The light intensity of the streamer filament cannot decay to the noise level of the camera system during the pause period of the streamer filament as the water conductivity exceeds 350 µS/cm. The streamer filament produces glow on the light emission image, which makes it difficult to distinguish the “extinction and illumination” process by the camera system.
A theory of synaptic transmission
Authors: Wang Bin , Dudko Olga K
Published: December 2021

Rapid and precise neuronal communication is enabled through a highly synchronous release of signaling molecules neurotransmitters within just milliseconds of the action potential. Yet neurotransmitter release lacks a theoretical framework that is both phenomenologically accurate and mechanistically realistic. Here, we present an analytic theory of the action-potential-triggered neurotransmitter release at the chemical synapse. The theory is demonstrated to be in detailed quantitative agreement with existing data on a wide variety of synapses from electrophysiological recordings in vivo and fluorescence experiments in vitro. Despite up to ten orders of magnitude of variation in the release rates among the synapses, the theory reveals that synaptic transmission obeys a simple, universal scaling law, which we confirm through a collapse of the data from strikingly diverse synapses onto a single master curve. This universality is complemented by the capacity of the theory to readily extract, through a fit to the data, the kinetic and energetic parameters that uniquely identify each synapse. The theory provides a means to detect cooperativity among the SNARE complexes that mediate vesicle fusion and reveals such cooperativity in several existing data sets. The theory is further applied to establish connections between molecular constituents of synapses and synaptic function. The theory allows competing hypotheses of short-term plasticity to be tested and identifies the regimes where particular mechanisms of synaptic facilitation dominate or, conversely, fail to account for the existing data for the paired-pulse ratio. The derived trade-off relation between the transmission rate and fidelity shows how transmission failure can be controlled by changing the microscopic properties of the vesicle pool and SNARE complexes. The established condition for the maximal synaptic efficacy reveals that no fine tuning is needed for certain synapses to maintain near-optimal transmission. We discuss the limitations of the theory and propose possible routes to extend it. These results provide a quantitative basis for the notion that the molecular-level properties of synapses are crucial determinants of the computational and information-processing functions in synaptic transmission.
Pre-registration UK diagnostic radiography student ability and confidence in interpretation of chest X-rays
Authors: Khan Abbaas , Lockwood Paul
Published: December 2021

Introduction Chest X-rays are the most frequently requested X-ray imaging in English hospitals. This study aimed to assess final year UK radiography student’s confidence and ability in image interpretation of chest X-rays.

Methods Thirty-three diagnostic radiography students were invited to assess their confidence and ability in interpreting chest x-rays from a bank of n=10 cases using multiple choice answers. Data analysis included 2x2 contingency tables, Kappa for inter-rater reliability, a Likert scale of confidence for each case, and questions to assess individual interpretation skills and ways to increase the learning of the subject.

Results Twenty-three students participated in the study. The pooled accuracy achieved was 61% (95% CI 38.4-77.7; k=0.22). The degree of confidence and ability varied depending upon the student and the conditions observed. High confidence was noted with COVID-19 (n=12/23; 52%), lung metastasis (n=14/23; 61%), and pneumothorax (n=13/23; 57%). Low confidence was noted with conditions of consolidation (n=8/23; 35%), haemothorax (n=8/23; 35%), and surgical emphysema (n=8/23; 35%). From the sample n=11 (48%), participants stated they felt they had the knowledge to interpret chest X-rays required for a newly qualified radiographer.

Conclusion The results demonstrated final year radiography student’s confidence and ability in image interpretation of chest X-rays. Student feedback indicated a preference for learning support through university lectures, online study resources, and time spent with reporting radiographers on clinical practice to improve ability and confidence in interpreting chest X-rays.
Dame Edna and ‘the help’
Authors: Hale Adrian
Published: December 2021

‘Dame Edna Everage’, a persona originally created by the Australian comedian Barry Humphries in 1955, is a character designed to simultaneously shock and amuse. Dame Edna voices (and satirizes) the discourse of ‘average’, older, politically conservative Anglo-Australians who feel compelled to ‘tell it like it is’ – no matter how offensive their opinions might be. In the Anglosphere, Edna’s humour is well understood and sustained international success has followed Edna for more than 60 years in Britain, Canada, the US and Australia. However, Edna occasionally misfires. In 2003, for instance, Edna’s satire outraged Latinos across the USA, in fulfillment of Poe’s Law (Aikin, 2009). Simply put, Latinos assumed that Edna’s comments satirising negative mainstream attitudes towards them were expressive of Edna’s authentic racism.
This paper investigates the Edna joke in the overall context of failed humour and then specifically for the offensiveness it generated amongst the Latino minority in the United States. It then tests whether this reaction was the result of a discursive frame specific to the US context, by conducting an exploratory study amongst a small sample of highly educated Australian bilingual Latin American immigrants and their adult children, to see whether they thought Edna’s joke was funny. These Australian individuals of Latin American heritage responded via an online questionnaire, and an analysis of their responses is presented here. The study’s main finding is that while these individuals generally demonstrated a high comedic literacy across both English and Spanish, including a prior awareness of Edna’s and Australian humour, they overall rejected the intention and humour of Edna’s joke. This paper asserts that, when it comes to humour, some transnational migrant speech community loyalties transcend other notions of identity and language competence.
Análisis de la metarregulación en Chile
Authors: Muñoz Vicuña Diego
Published: December 2021

La metarregulación es aquella rama de la regulación que tiene por objeto regular el proceso regulatorio en sí mismo. En el presente artículo, se investiga la “metarregulación” en Chile, principalmente a través de las últimas medidas adoptadas mediante Instructivos Presidenciales.
Reconocimiento del acceso a la energía como Derecho Fundamental: estado de la cuestión dentro del marco de los instrumentos internacionales
Authors: Sanz Salguero Francisco Javier
Published: December 2021

Resumen: el trabajo, aborda el tratamiento del acceso a la energía y su eventual reconocimiento como Derecho Fundamental desde la perspectiva del derecho comparado, con énfasis en los instrumentos internacionales, incluyendo los originados en la ONU, el ordenamiento jurídico europeo y la jurisprudencia del TEDH.
Un ejemplo de interpretación multinivel en materia urbanística. Comentario del caso Santa Cruz con Municipalidad de Vitacura
Authors: Bocchi Jimenez Giannina
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo examinamos la sentencia de la Tercera Sala de la Corte Suprema en los autos caratulados Santa Cruz Eyzaguirre Juan y otros con Municipalidad de Vitacura. El caso dice relación con un reclamo de ilegalidad interpuesto en contra de la DOM de la Municipalidad de Vitacura por haber otorgado un permiso de edificación el cual se autorizó la construcción de un edificio de oficinas en dicha comuna.
Prediction of DO Concentration in Nakdong River Estuary through Case Study Based on Long Short Term Memory Model
Authors: Park Seongsik , Kim Kyunghoi
Published: December 2021

In this study, we carried out case study to predict dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of Nakdong river estuary with LSTM model. we aimed to figure out a optimal model condition and appropriate predictor for prediction in dissolved oxygen concentration with model parameter and predictor as cases. Model parameter case study results showed that Epoch = 300 and Sequence length = 1 showed higher accuracy than other conditions. In predictor case study, it was highest accuracy where DO and Temperature were used as a predictor, it was caused by high correlation between DO concentration and Temperature. From above results, we figured out an appropriate model condition and predictor for prediction in DO concentration of Nakdong river estuary.
Estimate of Wave Overtopping Rate on Vertical Wall Using FUNWAVE-TVD Model
Authors: Kwak Moon Su , Kobayashi Nobuhisa
Published: December 2021

This study established a numerical model capable of calculating the wave overtopping rate of coastal structures by nonlinear irregular waves using the FUNWAVE-TVD model, a fully nonlinear Boussinesq equation model. Here, a numerical model was established by coding the mean value approach equations of EurOtop (2018) and empirical formula by Goda (2009), and adding them as subroutines of the FUNWAVE-TVD model. The verification of the model was performed by numerically calculating the wave overtopping rate of nonlinear irregular waves on vertical wall structures and comparing them with the experimental results presented in EurOtop (2018). As a result of the verification, the numerical calculation result according to the EurOtop equation of this model was very well matched with the experimental result in all relative freeboard (Rc/Hmo) range under non-impulsive wave conditions, and the numerical calculation result of empirical formula was evaluated slightly smaller than the experimental result in Rc/Hmo < 0.8 and slightly larger than the experimental result in Rc/Hmo > 0.8. The results of this model were well represented in both the exponential curve and the power curve under impulsive wave conditions. Therefore, it was confirmed that this numerical model can simulate the wave overtopping rate caused by nonlinear irregular waves in an vertical wall structure.
Horizontal Wave Pressures on the Crown Wall of Rubble Mound Breakwater under Non-Breaking Condition
Authors: Lee Jong-In , Lee Geum Yong , Kim Young-Taek
Published: December 2021

The crown wall with parapet on top of the rubble mound breakwater represents a relatively economic and efficient solution to reduce the wave overtopping discharge. However, the inclusion of parapet leads to increased wave pressure on the crown wall. The wave pressure on the crown wall is investigated by physical model test. To design the crown wall the wave loads should be available, and the horizontal wave pressure is still unclear. Regarding to the horizontal wave pressure on the crown wall, a series of experiments were conducted by changing the rubble mound type structure and the wave conditions. Based on these results, pressure modification factors of Goda’s (1974, 2010) formula have been suggested, which can be applicable for the practical design of the crown wall of the rubble-mound breakwater covered by tetrapods.
Long-gap Filling Method for the Coastal Monitoring Data
Authors: Cho Hong-Yeon , Lee Gi-Seop , Lee Uk-Jae
Published: December 2021

Technique for the long-gap filling that occur frequently in ocean monitoring data is developed. The method estimates the unknown values of the long-gap by the summation of the estimated trend and selected residual components of the given missing intervals. The method was used to impute the data of the long-term missing interval of about 1 month, such as temperature and water temperature of the Ulleungdo ocean buoy data. The imputed data showed differences depending on the monitoring parameters, but it was found that the variation pattern was appropriately reproduced. Although this method causes bias and variance errors due to trend and residual components estimation, it was found that the bias error of statistical measure estimation due to long-term missing is greatly reduced. The mean, and the 90% confidence intervals of the gap-filling model’s RMS errors are 0.93 and 0.35~1.95, respectively.
Tempo e Expectativa em Música Popular: duas obras, duas origens
Authors: Meirelles Ataualba
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo aborda o processo composicional utilizado na canção Fé na Santa Sagrada Escritura, de Xangai (Eugênio Avelino) e Antônio Carlos M. Pinto, e na música instrumental Francamente #2, de Ataualba Meirelles. A primeira, música regionalista vinda da cultura popular; a segunda, vinda do fusion, numa mistura do jazz com a música popular brasileira; ambas concebidas na segunda metade do século XX. A abordagem dá enfoque a expectativas decorrentes de irregularidades na métrica e nos padrões de compasso. Apesar de ambas as composições apresentarem irregularidades temporais, as origens desses processos vêm de fontes distintas: uma da cultura popular, outra da academia. Iniciamos com uma explanação sobre a questão do tempo na música, para em seguida tecer uma análise abordando esse aspecto nas obras supracitadas.
Meu Mestre Nketia
Authors: Veiga Jr. Manuel Vicente Ribeiro
Published: December 2021

Homenagem póstuma do autor ao etnomusicógo Kwabena Nketia (1921-2019).
A pergunta não respondida: Was ist musik?
Authors: Veiga Jr. Manuel Vicente Ribeiro
Published: December 2021

Texto escrito pelo autor que serve como antecedente do debate realizado na I Sonaríade, inclusa neste volume.
Avaliação do impacto da divulgação de fatos relevantes no caso Kroton e Estácio de Sá: um estudo de eventos
Authors: Alves Aléxica Dias de Freitas , Araújo Glaysson Aguilar de , Mário Poueri do Carmo
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os efeitos provocados no preço das ações das instituições educacionais brasileiras Kroton e Estácio de Sá em função da divulgação de fatos relevantes acerca de uma potencial combinação de negócios. O CADE reprovou a operação em 28/06/2017, mais de um ano após a divulgação do primeiro fato relevante que havia ocorrido em 02/06/2016. Por meio de um Estudo de Eventos, foram calculados e analisados os retornos anormais das ações das instituições nos dois momentos supracitados. No geral, os resultados demonstraram um efeito positivo, mas pontual, de aproximadamente 33% no momento  na janela de eventos do Evento I, essa janela gerou Retorno Anormal Acumulado em 32% para o Modelo de Ajuste ao Mercado e em 51% para o Ajustado ao Risco e Mercado. No Evento II, o efeito positivo foi de 5%, não sendo suficiente para manter um resultado positivo na acumulação dos retornos dentro da janela. Destaca-se a demora no parecer final do CADE que pode ter influenciado e ser uma explicação do comportamento dos preços dos ativos.
Educação, transmissão e cultura: as cantigas tradicionais como legado histórico-cultural no contexto escolar
Authors: Silva Juliana de Almeida Carvalho , Custódio Crislei de Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Este artigo busca resgatar o sentido das cantigas tradicionais na escola como forma de transmissão de um legado histórico-cultural, partindo do conceito de educação proposto por Hannah Arendt e da noção de alegria na escola de Georges Snyders. A contribuição de Arendt para este debate se dá pela reflexão acerca do possível sentido da atividade educativa enquanto relação intergeracional que é estabelecida na inserção da criança no mundo por meio da transmissão de saberes, hábitos, valores e conhecimentos. Essa inserção, na perspectiva arendtiana, ao mesmo tempo em que possibilita compreender o mundo, permite o estabelecimento de laços de pertencimento. Snyders, por seu turno, pensa a escola como um espaço social e cultural em que ocorre o contato da criança com a cultura elaborada e com as tradições. Isso é o que caracterizaria a escola como um universo específico, no qual, pela disciplina e pelo esforço intelectual, se teria acesso à alegria do conhecimento e à satisfação da cultura. Diante dessa aproximação do pensamento de Arendt e de Snyders é que as cantigas serão abordadas neste artigo. Entende-se que elas constituem um patrimônio histórico-cultural a ser transmitido através de práticas lúdicas no contexto escolar.
FUNDAMENTOS DA ORGANIZAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Marcondes Carlos Henrique
Published: December 2021

A evolução dos Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento (SOC) tem sido balizada pelos problemas que a Ciência da Informação/Organização do Conhecimento (CI/OC) se propõe a resolver. Quando a CI surge nos anos 1950-60 o problema era a “explosão da informação”, a proliferação desordenada da literatura científica, endereçado pelos primeiros Sistemas de Recuperação de Informações (SRI) e tesauros voltados para controlar os vocabulários usados para consultar estes sistemas. O problema atual, mais abrangente afetando a sociedade atual como um todo, vem sendo chamado de Big Data. Questão: a CI/OC dispõe de teorias, fundamentos, metodologias e tecnologias para desenvolver SOC a altura dos desafios colocados pela sociedade com a emergência do Big Data e da Web Semântica? Que mudanças, impactos teóricos e práticos a emergência destas questões trará? A OC hoje vem sendo chamada a construir modelos de diferentes domínios, os vocabulários semânticos. Que coisas existem em um domínio, como representá-las? Estas são perguntas da Ontologia e da Semiótica. Objetivos: Este trabalho sugere que teorias abrangentes do que sejam Informação e Conhecimento, objetos das CI/OC, não podem ser obtidos pelas CI/OC com suas próprias bases teóricas desenvolvidas até agora. Metodologia: autores fundacionais de CI/OC são revistos em relação aos fundamentos, teorias e objetos das CI/OC. Suas colocações são cotejadas com teorias gerais de alto nível como a Semiótica e a Ontologia. Conclusões: é sugerido que a Semiótica de Peirce, com suas categorias de percepção e consequente Epistemologia, e a Metafísica, em especial a Ontologia enquanto teoria dos tipos de coisas que existem, incluindo aí a realidade social criada pela cultura humana, podem ser estas teorias.
ENSAIO SOBRE ONTOLOGIA APLICADA NA RECUPERAÇÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Emygdio Jeanne Louize , Almeida Maurício Barcellos , Teixeira Lívia Marangon Duffles
Published: December 2021

Apesar de não existir consenso sobre questões centrais no campo da Ciência da Informação, pelo menos três delas merecem destaque: a recuperação da informação, a relevância da informação recuperada e a interação entre o humano e a tecnologia durante estes processos. O processo de recuperação da informação é validado pela adequação das respostas obtidas face às necessidades dos usuários, seja ele realizado por métodos manuais ou automáticos. Não há como desassociar deste contexto a forma como o domínio do conhecimento está representado e organizado: quanto mais fidedigna a representação em relação à realidade, maior é a capacidade de se obter resultados consistentes. Ao contrário do que pregam as abordagens puramente tecnológicas de orientação estatística, advoga-se aqui que o trabalho intelectual de classificar e organizar ainda é o ponto fundamental na Recuperação da Informação. Neste ensaio, de caráter informativo e admitidamente incompleto, enfatizam-se aspectos inerentes às ontologias que permeiam questões centrais da área e que fundamentam novas possibilidades de pesquisa. Sugere-se que a criação da disciplina da Ontologia Aplicada no currículo da Ciência da Informação pode trazer benefícios e gerar oportunidades para pesquisadores, estudantes e profissionais.
INTELLIGENCE COLLECTIVE ET RECHERCHE D´INFORMATION EN CONTEXTE ORGANISATIONNEL
Authors: Henry Antoine
Published: December 2021

La recherche d’information n’est plus une activité isolée, mais s’inscrit dans un contexte plus large où recherche, dispositif, usage et partage de l’information sont pleinement liés. Également, on pense l’Intelligence Collective comme «une dynamique d’acteurs coresponsables interconnectés culturellement (soft) et organisationnellement (hard), en alliance autour de visions partagées » (Lenhardt & Bernard, 2005, p. 31). Dans cet article, nous proposons un cas spécifique sur la question de l’intelligence collective dans une perspective de recherche d’information, en investigant quarente personnes dune très grande entreprise du secteur de l’énergie. Ils sont non-informaticiens, développeurs amateurs qui ont, en plus de leur mission principale (expertise technique, appui métier, chargé d’études, planification, etc.) une activité de production de dispositifs techniques pour répondre aux besoins locaux de leurs collègues. Les résultats de l’ observation participante, dans une perspective comprehensive montre que, dans un contexte organisationnel, la structuration de la population investiguée est une réponse à un besoin informationnel hautement contextualisé. C’est aussi une manière de transformer l’organisation en favorisant une approche plus décentralisée, appuyée en cela par les dispositifs mis en place, mais surtout ancrée dans les usages et la réalité opérationnelle des acteurs (et les dynamiques associées). Nous observons une convergence entre les objectifs de l’organisation qui donnent une direction et fédèrent les acteurs en donnant un sens à leurs actions y la dimension structurelle de l’organisation qui impose des processus, des moyens, sa culture et enfin les membres eux-mêmes qui font vivre l’organisation, sa culture, qui sont les forces vives permettant d’atteindre lesdits objectifs.
Tiering on Land – Trees and Forests (Late Palaeozoic)
Authors: Cleal Christopher J
Published: December 2021

The first regional‐scale forests appeared in mid‐Carboniferous times,
c
. 325 million years ago (Ma). Known as the coal swamps, they extended over large parts of tropical Pangaea and lasted for about 40 million years. The dominant plants of the swamps were arborescent lycopsids, sphenopsids, ferns, pteridosperms and cordaitanthales. Many were very fast‐growing plants and resulted in thick peat deposits being formed, which have subsequently changed into economically important coals. Changes in the geographical extent of these tropical swamps correlated with the waxing and waning of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age polar ice sheet, and the carbon sequestration caused by the swamps may have been affecting global climates. The development of the swamps coincided with a major global diversification in insects and may also have been home to some early terrestrial amphibians and reptiles.

Key Concepts

The coal swamps were the first regional‐scale forests to occur on Earth.

The swamps occupied a broad belt of land in palaeotropical Pangaea during the late Carboniferous and early Permian (325–275 Ma).

They were responsible for one of the highest rates of terrestrial carbon sequestration in Earth history.

The size of the coal swamps was correlated with climate fluctuations during the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age.

Insects and possibly of tetrapod vertebrates diversified during the time of the coal swamps.
Tetrapod Limbless Locomotion
Authors: Wake Marvalee H
Published: December 2021

Many tetrapods (four‐legged animals) have lost their limbs during their evolution. They move (locomote) by specific patterns of body muscle contraction and relaxation.

Key Concepts

Limbless tetrapod locomotion is based on lateral undulation, but has many variations according to taxon, ecology, and behavior.

New techniques, such as 3‐D CT‐scanning, x‐ray cine, modeling and robotics have increased our understanding of the functional morphology of limbless locomotion.

Gliding, flying, and swimming, as well as terrestrial locomotion, are part of the repertoire of various tetrapods.

Study of the development and ecology of locomotor modes is providing new insights into the evolution of limbless locomotion.

Robots that mimic limbless tetrapod locomotion are being developed for new medical and environmental uses.
Rhodothalassiaceae
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F.
Published: December 2021

Rho.do.tha.las.si.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Rhodothalassium
, type genus of the family; suff.
‐aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Rhodothalassiaceae
, the family of
Rhodothalassium
.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae

Cells are vibrioid to spiral shaped, are motile by means of polar flagella, and multiply by binary fission. They belong to the class
Alphaproteobacteria
and stain Gram‐negative. An unusual protein‐rich cell wall with only low amounts of peptidoglycan may be present. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll
a
and carotenoids. The major ubiquinone and menaquinone components are Q‐10 and MK‐10.

Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light but also may be possible under microoxic to oxic conditions in the dark. Obligately halophilic bacteria that require NaCl or sea salt for growth. Habitats are anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to light. At present, the family includes a single genus.

DNA G + C content of the type species and genus (mol%)
: 68.5–69.0 (genome analysis), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC analysis).

Type genus
:
Rhodothalassium
Imhoff et al. 1998
VP
.
Rhodothalassium
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F.
Published: December 2021

Rho.do.tha.las'si.um. Gr. neut. n.
rhodon
, the rose; Gr. masc. adj.
thalassios
, belonging to the sea; N.L. neut. n.
Rhodothalassium
, the rose belonging to the sea.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae / Rhodothalassium

The genus
Rhodothalassium
is represented by a single species and is the only genus of the
Rhodothalassiaceae
family and
Rhodothalassiales
order. It is characterized by vibrioid‐ to spiral‐shaped cells which multiply by binary fission and are motile by means of flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll
a
and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Ubiquinones and menaquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q‐10 and MK‐10) are present. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Most strains also grow chemoorganotrophically under oxic conditions in the dark.
Rhodothalassium
species are obligately halophilic, require NaCl or sea salt for growth, and live in anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to the light.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 68.5–69.0 (WGS), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Rhodothalassium salexigens
Imhoff et al. 1998
VP
(basonym:
Rhodospirillum salexigens
Drews 1981, VL9).
Phaeospirillum
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F.
Published: December 2021

Phae.o.spi.ril'lum. Gr. masc. adj.
phaeos,
brown; N.L. neut. n.
Spirillum
, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n.
Phaeospirillum
, brown
Spirillum
.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Phaeospirillum

Phaeospirillum
species are vibrioid to spiral shaped and motile
Alphaproteobacteria
. They are strictly anaerobic and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria with a reaction center and light‐harvesting complexes located in the internal membrane stacks formed at a sharp angle with the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll
a
esterified with phytol and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, with spirilloxanthin itself lacking.

They have a photoheterotrophic metabolism and depend on anoxic conditions for biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and photosynthesis. The preferred carbon substrates are fatty acids including longer chains up to pelargonate. The longer chain fatty acids provide a selective advantage for several of the species. Chemotrophic growth may be possible at controlled and very low oxygen tensions (<1.5 kPa) in the dark. Ammonia and dinitrogen serve as nitrogen sources. Assimilatory sulfate reduction is present. Growth factors may be required.
Phaeospirillum
species are mesophilic freshwater bacteria with a preference for neutral pH that live in stagnant and anoxic freshwater habitats.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.5–65.3 (Bd), 62.1–62.8 (T
m
), 61.5–64.7 (WGS).

Type species
:
Phaeospirillum (Phs.) fulvum
Imhoff et al. 1998
VP
(basonym:
Rhodospirillum fulvum
van Niel 1944
AL
).
Sphaerochaeta
Authors: Nazina Tamara N. , Bidzhieva Salimat K. , Grouzdev Denis S. , Löffler Frank E.
Published: December 2021

Sphae.ro.chae'ta. Gr. n.
sphaira
(Latin transliteration
sphaera
), a sphere; Gr. fem. n.
chaitê
(Latin transliteration
chaeta
), long flowing hair; N.L. fem. n.
Sphaerochaeta
round cells along threads of hair, indicative of a round morphology with a derivation from spirochaetal ancestry.

Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Sphaerochaetaceae / Sphaerochaeta

The genus
Sphaerochaeta
comprises nonspiral, pleomorphic, and anaerobic spirochetes with fermentative metabolism. Spherical cells of diverse size, 0.3–2.5 μm in diameter, nonmotile, without flagella or periplasmic flagella‐like structure, non‐spore‐forming, and Gram‐negative. The cells occur as spherical aggregates, 3–25 μm in diameter, comprising up to 15 cells, surrounded by a membranous structure. Spiral morphology is not observed during any phase of the growth cycle. Cells lack ornithine or lysine peptidoglycan cross‐linkers. Mesophilic. Neutrophilic. Oxidase‐negative. Catalase gene present, but cells test catalase‐negative. Chemoorganoheterotrophic anaerobes. Fermentative growth occurs with carbohydrates, including pentose (
l
‐arabinose and
d
‐xylose) and hexose (
d
‐galactose) monosaccharides, disaccharides (sucrose), and soluble starch. No growth with peptone, cellulose, xylan, and H
2
/CO
2
. The end products of carbohydrate fermentation vary between strains and include acetate, ethanol, propionate, formate, H
2
, and CO
2
. Yeast extract, casamino acids, and vitamins stimulate growth. Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, nitrate, and oxygen are not used as electron acceptors. The major fatty acids are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, and C
16:1
ω9
c
/C
18:1
ω9
c
. Isoprenoid quinones are absent. Free living or associated with other prokaryotes. Habitats are anoxic river sediments, deep subsurface environments including petroleum reservoirs, Arctic permafrost sediments, biogas reactors, Antarctic brines, and groundwater aquifers.

Genome sizes vary from 2.87 to 3.59 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
46–51 (genome sequences).

Type species
:
Sphaerochaeta globosa
Ritalahti et al. 2012
VP
emend. Hördt et al. 2020.