Comparison of early changes in ocular surface markers and tear inflammatory mediators after femtosecond lenticule extraction and FS-LASIK
Authors:   Huaxia Eye Hospital of Foshan, Huaxia Eye Hospital Group, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China, Zhang Chi , He Hong ,   Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China, Jin He ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China, Liu Liang-Ping ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China, Yang Xiao-Wei ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China, Yang Jun ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China, Zhong Xing-Wu ,   Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China; Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To compare the short-term impacts of femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx) and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) on ocular surface measures and tear inflammatory mediators.
METHODS: This prospective comparative nonrandomized clinical study comprised 75 eyes (75 patients). Totally 20 male and 15 female patients (age 21.62±3.25y) with 35 eyes underwent FLEx, and 26 male and 14 female patients (age 20.18±3.59y) with 40 eyes underwent FS-LASIK. Central corneal sensitivity, noninvasive tear breakup time, corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test, tear meniscus height, and ocular surface disease index were evaluated in all patients. Tear concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were assessed by multiplex antibody microarray. All measurements were performed preoperatively, and 1d, 1wk, and 1mo postoperatively.
RESULTS: Patients who underwent FLEx exhibited a more moderate reduction in central corneal sensation and less corneal fluorescein staining than those in the FS-LASIK group 1wk after the procedure (P<0.01). NGF was significantly higher 1d and 1wk after surgery in the FS-LASIK group than in the FLEx group (P<0.01). By contrast, compared to those in the FLEx group, higher postoperative values and slower recovery of tear TGF-β1, IL-1α, and TNF-α concentrations were observed in the FS-LASIK group (P<0.01). Tear concentrations of NGF, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1α were correlated with ocular surface changes after FLEx or FS-LASIK surgery.
CONCLUSION: There is less early ocular surface disruption and a reduced inflammatory response after FLEx than after FS-LASIK. NGF, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1α may contribute to the process of ocular surface recovery.