bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEKERASAN DALAM PACARAN:FENOMENA LINGKARAN SETAN HUBUNGAN BERACUN DENGAN SIKAP MATERIALISME
Authors: Agnes Beatrix Jackline Raintung  , Kahimpong Monika , Atalya Deharda Paraeng  , Bless Makapedua  , Debora  Natalia Horohiung  , Deeker Sumolang  , Incha kasalang  , Jenifer Theresia Paulus  , Meilani Dalending  , Norlanda Darondo  , Yolanda Lokong
Published: September 2024

Violence in dating is something that is increasingly worrying, where relationships that should be based on love and mutual understanding turn into a vicious, toxic circle. This article aims to examine violence in dating by highlighting materialism as a factor that has an influence on violence in dating. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this research identifies how materialism can influence power dynamics in relationships, increase conflict, and exacerbate violence. Materialism often creates incompatible desires and economic pressures that can trigger aggressive and manipulative behavior. It is hoped that this research can help victims to seek help, and encourage the formation of healthy relationships free from violence.
THE ESSENCE OF THE CHURCH AND ITS PRESENCE FOR SOCIETAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Mawikere Marde Christian Stenly , Hura Sudiria , Mawikere Jean Calvin Riedel , Mawikere Daniella Beauty Melanesia
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the pivotal role of the church as an agent of social transformation, emphasizing its significant contributions to fostering holistic and sustainable changes within society. Employing a qualitative approach, the research undertakes an in-depth exploration and analysis of the church's role through an extensive literature review. Through meticulous content analysis, the study uncovers recurring patterns in relevant literature, elucidating how the church exerts its influence on social change through active participation, empowerment initiatives, and the cultivation of meaningful community relationships. Moreover, the study underscores the paramount importance of contextualizing church ministry within the local culture and advocating for pertinent spiritual values. By centering on the church’s impact on societal transformation, this research offers profound insights into its role as a comprehensive catalyst for change, emphasizing the church's inherent responsibility in fostering enhanced community well-being.
Pengaruh Teman Sebaya Bagi Pertumbuhan Spiritualitas Remaja Di Jemaat GMIST Musafir Manado
Authors: Pesak Natalia , Poguman Prince Nuriani , Riung Notangli Paildi , Pangalo Hanggita Halena , Lelerang Widyawati Berni , Goha Freis Anatasya Goha , Sasombo Novianti Jessica , Pontoh Sisilia , Suleman Jennyver Putry Theresia , Pananggung Rifke Alfione , Salanggamo Inriyani , Imbar Syaloomita Imanuela Imbar , Tahulending Mario
Published: September 2024

This research examines the influence of peers on the spiritual growth of teenagers in the GMIST Musafir Manado congregation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research involved interviews and group observations of teenagers who were active in the church. The research results show that peers play an important role in shaping adolescent spirituality. Peers who are supportive and have positive values ​​help teenagers develop an optimistic and resilient attitude. Conversely, negative influence from peers can cause deviant behavior and psychological problems. Therefore, families, educators and society need to provide consistent guidance and support. These findings can help churches and parents create environments that support teens' spiritual growth.
PERAN PENGAKUAN DOSA SEBAGAI SARANA KONSELING PASTORAL BAGI NARAPIDANA BERDASARKAN MAZMUR 51:1-21
Authors: Manginsihi Ester Ribka Johana , Brek Yohan
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this literature research is to find out the role of confession as a means of pastoral counseling for prisoners based on Psalm 51:1-21. Researchers used literature research along with historical critical studies on texts. Based on the results of the research, Psalm 51:1-21 is a form of self-expression for a person or even a group of people who are aware, admit, and regret their sins and in this case Psalm 51:1-21 can be a means of pastoral counseling in bringing prisoners to living in confession, awareness, and regret for sins that have been committed so that holistic healing slowly begins to be experienced both physically, mentally, socially, psychologically, and spiritually. And also based on the results of the discussion of this research there is a function of pastoral counseling including the function of reconciling, sustaining, strengthening and empowering.
KONSELING PASTORAL SEBAGAI PENDAMPINGAN BAGI PEMUDA YANG SULIT KELUAR DARI TOXIC RELATIONSHIP DALAM PACARAN
Authors: Lalompoh Suryaningsi Dorthea , Londo Elsye Esterina
Published: September 2024

This research is motivated by a common phenomenon, namely the occurrence of toxic relationships in dating relationships. Toxic relationships that should be immediately repaired or ended, but in reality many persist and find it difficult to get out of these relationships, one of which happened to three Christian youths in Sangihe Islands Regency. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the reason they find it difficult to get out and therefore stay in a toxic relationship is because they are emotionally dependent, feel great love for their partner, hope that their partner will change, are easily persuaded by their partner, and imagine a relationship that has existed for a long time. By choosing to stay in this relationship, there are negative impacts experienced, namely affecting the young man's physical, psychological, spiritual health and social situation. Based on this problem, it is very important to carry out pastoral counseling as an effort to provide assistance to young people who have difficulty getting out of toxic relationships. This is important because young Christians need to continue to receive attention from the church, because they are the backbone of the church. So that the caring and caring attitude of the church can be realized through pastoral counseling to help them get through this period by providing understanding so that they can make the right decisions, experience recovery from all the wounds they have experienced, and experience peace.
Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting di Desa Sarani Matani Kecamatan Tombariri Kabupaten Minahasa
Authors: Gunawan Levitt , Audriano Kalundang  , Axl Ferdy Worotitjan  , Berkatia Maryelia Sinay  , Beylia Malaihang  , Crysthania Cleryne Pianaung  , Diana Febrianti Tilli  , Stefani Sofia Sagai  , Stefania Anita Sambuaga  , Yunita Siske Wentuk  , Yolanda Trivena Tumbel  , Megita Syalom Otta  , Meri Mamantung  , Ivana Papuanita Bagre  , Indra Dewi Keribo
Published: September 2024

Stunting is not only a nutritional problem but also a problem of clean and healthy living behavior. Unclean and healthy living patterns such as lack of awareness of cleaning the living environment, river pollution with garbage and animal feces, unclean sanitation are still found in people's lives in general, this is motivated by a lack of understanding of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS). This research was conducted with the aim of being able to provide education and explanation or socialization about PHBS and stunting problems so that the community gets a good understanding related to a healthy lifestyle. The research method used in this paper is the participatory observation method, in which researchers closely observe a group of people/culture/community and their habits. The results of this study show that the community's understanding of PHBS has become better and more comprehensive and is the first step that will continue to be developed in efforts to deal with stunting in terms of a healthy lifestyle.
Implementasi Bimbingan Pastoral Konseling Kristen Sebagai Panduan Anak Muda Kristen Dalam Hal Berpacaran
Authors: Makawimbang Aisye , Tadung Frieska Putrima , Andries Amelia Inriani Andries , Wangka Windasari , Tatuil Teovani , Maringka Praysi Kharisona , Maarisit Alfrinda , Djodjobo Triona Arini , Maperipe Kezia Irene , Karinda Inggrit Claudia , Mananeke Meylani Putri , Edwin Hiwoi  , Argeliano Ferdinandus Tawaris  , Brian Hadi Mayore  , Sri Wahyuni Coleng  , Apni Mitje Aomol
Published: September 2024

Romantic relationships in the Christian context emphasize the importance of the introduction period as special preparation for marriage. Dating here is not just an ordinary introduction, but is a preparatory stage that involves special attitudes and deep interactions. The formation of a relationship between two individuals of the opposite sex is an important stage on the road to marriage. Romantic relationships involve the understanding that humans are social creatures who need relationships with other people. Ideally, these relationships are developed after a person has gone through the youth period in understanding the difference between individual needs in a group and needs in personal relationships.
Suppression effect of auxiliary laser on stimulated Raman scattering effect of high-power Yb-doped fiber laser amplifier
Authors: Zhao Wei , Fu Shi-Jie , Sheng Quan , Xue Kai , Shi Wei , Yao Jian-Quan ,   School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China,   Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China,   HFB Photonics Co., Ltd., Weihai 264200, China
Published: September 2024

A novel technique to suppress the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect in high-power ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier is proposed and theoretically investigated by introducing an auxiliary laser to manipulate the gain distribution in the amplifier.

By injecting an auxiliary laser with shorter wavelength than the signal into the amplifier, the auxiliary laser, owing to its larger stimulated emission cross-section, initially extracts a significant portion of the laser gain. At this point, the gain of the longer-wavelength signal laser is suppressed to a certain extent. As the pump power is depleted in the rear segment of the gain fiber, the amplified auxiliary laser, which has larger absorption cross-section than the signal, is gradually absorbed by the active fiber and transfers its power to the signal laser. This process enhances the gain of the long-wavelength signal laser, enabling it to be rapidly amplified at the end of the amplifier. Compared with the amplification of the singular signal laser, the introduction of an extra auxiliary laser shifts the high-gain region of the signal laser to the rear portion of the amplifier, thereby reducing the effective length and alleviating the interaction strength between the signal laser and Stokes wave, in order to obtain a higher SRS threshold.

The SRS threshold of a 20 μm/400 μm fiber amplifier is investigated by using numerical simulation under different wavelengths of the auxiliary laser and different power ratios of the signal laser to auxiliary laser. The results indicate that incorporating an auxiliary laser with an appropriate wavelength and power level can significantly reduce the interaction strength between the signal and Stokes wave, thereby enhancing the SRS threshold of the amplifier efficiently. Specifically, in a 1080 nm fiber amplifier utilizing a 20 μm/400 μm ytterbium-doped large mode area fiber, if the total power of the 1080 nm signal and 1040 nm auxiliary laser is set to 200 W, while with a power ratio of 1:25, the SRS threshold increasing from 3.14 kW (singular signal laser) to 8.42 kW can be anticipated. Moreover, based on the auxiliary laser amplification technique that suppresses the SRS effect, the output power enhancement of fiber lasers with the structure of master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) is also analyzed. This technical solution is relatively straightforward to implement and can be seamlessly integrated with other techniques aimed at reducing the SRS effect, which is promising to promote further power scaling of all-fiber amplifier.
A lytic transglycosylase connects bacterial focal adhesion complexes to the peptidoglycan cell wall
Authors: Ramírez Carbó Carlos A , Faromiki Olalekan G , Nan Beiyan
Published: September 2024

The Gram-negative bacterium
Myxococcus xanthus
glides on solid surfaces. Dynamic bacterial focal adhesion complexes (bFACs) convert proton motive force from the inner membrane into mechanical propulsion on the cell surface. It is unclear how the mechanical force transmits across the rigid peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. Here we show that AgmT, a highly abundant lytic PG transglycosylase homologous to
Escherichia coli
MltG, couples bFACs to PG. Coprecipitation assay and single-particle microscopy reveal that the gliding motors fail to connect to PG and thus are unable to assemble into bFACs in the absence of an active AgmT. Heterologous expression of
E. coli
MltG restores the connection between PG and bFACs and thus rescues gliding motility in the
M. xanthus
cells that lack AgmT. Our results indicate that bFACs anchor to AgmT-modified PG to transmit mechanical force across the PG cell wall.
Eukaryotic plankton species diversity and community structure in the Xiao Jiang River (the primary tributary of Upper Yangtze River), Yunnan
Authors: Li XueRong , Wang JiShan , He YunRui , Yang XiaoJun , Wang Mo
Published: September 2024

The Xiao Jiang River, as a crucial element of ecological restoration in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, plays an indispensable role in agricultural water utilization and water ecology within its watersheds. The water quality status of the Xiao Jiang River not only impacts local water-ecological equilibrium and economic benefits but also holds paramount importance for sustaining ecosystem health in the Yangtze River basin. Plankton surveys and environmental physicochemical detection were conducted in the major channel region of the Xiao Jiang River in dry and wet periods in 2022 to better understand the diversity of eukaryotic plankton and its community structure characteristics. Environmental DNA is an emerging method that combines traditional ecology with second-generation sequencing technology. It can detect species from a single sample that are difficult to find by traditional microscopy, making the results of plankton diversity studies more comprehensive. For the first time, environmental DNA was used to investigate eukaryotic plankton in the Xiao Jiang River . The results showed that a total of 881 species of plankton from 592 genera in 17 phyla were observed. During the dry period, 480 species belonging to 384 genera within17 phyla were detected, while, during the wet period, a total of 805 species belonging to 463 genera within 17 phyla were recorded. The phylum Ciliophora dominated the zooplankton, while the phylum Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta dominated the phytoplankton. The presence of these dominant species indicate that the water quality conditions in the study area are oligotrophic and mesotrophic. Principal coordinate analysis and difference test showed that the number of plankton ASVs, abundance, species richness, dominating species, and diversity indices differed between the dry and wet periods. Spearman correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) of relative abundance data with environmental physicochemical factors revealed that water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), potential of hydrogenacidity (pH), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (EC) and the determination of redox potential (ORP) were the main environmental physicochemical factors impacting the plankton community structure. The results of this study can serve as a provide data reference at the plankton level for water pollution management in the Xiao Jiang River, and they are extremely important for river ecological restoration and biodiversity recovery in the Yangtze River basin.
The characteristics of cognitive and daily living functions of neurocognitive disorders with delusions in elderly Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Seo Yoo , Lee Soo Jin
Published: September 2024

Background

Delusions in neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) worsen patients’ cognitive functions and activities of daily living (ADL), increasing caregiver burden and the risk of mortality. AD patients with delusions tend to experience a more rapid decline in cognition and have demonstrated poorer performance on various cognitive function tests. Considering the prognosis of delusion in AD patients, it tends to be more favorable with appropriate treatment. However, there is a lack of neuropsychological research, specifically examining the impact of delusions in AD, characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive function. This study investigates the impact of delusions on cognitive function and ADL under conditions controlling for disease severity.

Methods

We compared cognitive function and ADL in AD patients aged 65 years or older according to the presence of delusions. To assess longitudinal change, we analyzed data from patients monitored for an average of 15 to 16 months. We assessed cognitive function and ADL using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Second Edition (SNSB–II) and delusions using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). We used IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 for all statistical analyses. The analysis was not adjusted for multiple comparisons. We investigated how delusions impact cognitive function and ADL, controlling for age, educational level, and disease severity.

Results

The delusions group exhibited poorer immediate recall of verbal memory than the non-delusions group. In the follow-up evaluation, patients who developed delusions had lower baseline cognitive function than those who did not, and their language fluency declined over time. In addition, we found the presence of delusions associated with worse functional impairment in ADL as the disease progressed.

Conclusion

While controlling for the severity of AD, we found no significant negative impacts of delusions on most cognitive functions. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the immediate recall of verbal memory and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT)_animal sensitively detected the negative impact of delusions. Furthermore, since delusions are associated with worsening ADL, we understand that delusion treatment is important for improving the quality of life for patients and caregivers.
Atypical Manifestations of Syphilis: A Case Series
Authors: Priya BT , Sowmiya R , Venkatesan Anandan , Rajan Ragini , Deepa M
Published: September 2024

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Given the recent worldwide resurgence of syphilis, it is imperative to recognise various presentations of this great imitator. Apart from the classic ulcerative lesion of primary syphilis, known as a hard chancre, atypical presentations mimicking other diseases are also reported. A patient with carcinoma of the lip who was scheduled for surgery was diagnosed with an extragenital chancre during routine presurgery screening, leading to a change in the treatment plan for the patient. Other patients were initially treated for conditions such as scrotal eczema, psoriasis, and herpes before the correct diagnosis was made. Rare presentations, such as pustular lesions, paraphimosis, and cord-like thickening of the penis, were also observed in this case series. It is important to recognise these atypical manifestations, as doing so may facilitate early diagnosis and prompt management. Nine cases of syphilis in patients who exhibited atypical manifestations are presented in this case series and were diagnosed based on a high index of suspicion aided by laboratory confirmation.
Iatrogenic Tracheo-oesophageal Fistula in a Teenage Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Kattepura Subramanya , Bhaskar Apurva , Gopinath Sowmya
Published: September 2024

Acquired Tracheo-oesophageal Fistula (TEF) is a known entity in the paediatric age group; however, epidemiological data regarding this condition are sparse. Iatrogenic TEF is uncommon, present case is of a 14-year-old girl who is wheelchair-bound and on percutaneous gastrostomy feeding. She presented to the outpatient department with recurrent lower respiratory infections lasting more than six months. She is a known case of cerebral dural venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) and was artificially ventilated in the intensive care unit for three weeks. As a sequel to her neurological condition, she is paraplegic. Additionally, she experienced choking during each feeding and had bouts of prolonged coughing, which restricted her from taking oral feeds for over six months. Imaging revealed a cervical TEF. She underwent successful closure of this fistula and is now able to eat orally. This teenage girl had a fistula located above the level of the isthmus of the thyroid gland. It may have occurred during her tumultuous course in the intensive care unit, likely due to pressure necrosis of the tissue between the tracheostomy/endotracheal tube and the indwelling feeding nasogastric tube. A literature search did not reveal any similar cases in the paediatric population.
Community Frontline Care Staff Perspectives on Covid-19 Restrictions: “It’s not what I was hired to do.”
Authors: Daniels Lia M. , Dueck Bryce S. , Rorem Devyn , Chazan Devon , Pei Jacqueline
Published: September 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic presented numerous challenges and changes for all frontline providers, but the impacts on care staff in community service agencies is less understood. The current study involving secondary data analysis explored how frontline care staff with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) program describe their work during the public health restrictions. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with frontline care staff (N = 20). Inductive thematic analysis resulted in three themes: shifting procedures, adapting interactions, and declining motivation. Changes in work because of Covid-19 and feelings in response to those changes shed light on the as yet unknown cost of the pandemic on these services and the FASD community.
Perceptions des personnes utilisatrices de Suicide.ca et de l’application Mes outils
Authors: Lane Julie , Côté Louis-Philippe , Mancea Luiza Maria , Verchère Céline
Published: September 2024

Plusieurs pays ont mis en place des technologies numériques pour mieux prévenir les suicides. Le Québec accusait un certain retard sur ce plan. En mai 2017, l’Association québécoise de prévention du suicide (AQPS) a été mandatée par le ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS) du Québec pour élaborer une Stratégie numérique en prévention du suicide. Cet article vise à décrire les perceptions des personnes utilisatrices de Suicide.ca et de l’application Mes outils. Un devis mixte et convergent a été privilégié incluant des entrevues individuelles auprès de personnes usagères de services (N = 33) et un sondage auprès de personnes intervenantes (N = 477). Les résultats mettent en lumière leurs perceptions positives et des pistes de rehaussement.
Challenges Faced by Farmers in Integrated Farming Systems: Personal and Social Constraints
Authors: Khushbu  , Sabharwal Kanta , Jyoti  , Sharma Santosh
Published: September 2024

India's agricultural sector is dominated by small and marginal farmers with less than two hectares of land, making it difficult to achieve livelihood security and sustainability through single-enterprise farming. With the average size of landholdings shrinking to 1.08 hectares, there is a growing need to adopt Integrated Farming Systems (IFS), which integrate crop and livestock production to enhance sustainability, productivity, and profitability through resource recycling. This study aimed to examine the personal and social constraints faced by farmers practicing IFS in Haryana, India. Conducted as a cross-sectional study over one year in four districts representing the Eastern and Western agro-climatic zones of Haryana, a total of 120 IFS farmers were selected through purposive and random sampling. Data were gathered through structured interviews based on a well-validated questionnaire, with constraints categorized into personal and social dimensions and analyzed using frequency distributions and weighted mean scores (WMS). The results showed that the most severe personal constraint in the Western zone was the lack of knowledge about the balanced use of pesticides and fertilizers (WMS = 2.2), while the Eastern zone's primary personal constraint was a lack of knowledge about different IFS components (WMS = 2.51). In terms of social constraints, Western zone farmers identified a lack of leisure time for family as the most significant issue (WMS = 2.48), while Eastern zone farmers cited inadequate family support as their main constraint (WMS = 2.5). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, including knowledge dissemination on IFS components and balanced input usage, as well as improved social support systems to boost the adoption and effectiveness of IFS. The study’s outcomes align with previous research on agricultural challenges and offer actionable recommendations for enhancing IFS practices in Haryana.
Cytological Screening of Inflammatory Cells in Breast Fluid among Lactating Women in Shendi Town, Sudan
Authors: Mohamed Alkhansa Alamin Ali , Elmahjob Salwa Mohamed Abdelmajed , Mahjaf Ghanem Mohammed , Altaher Tibyan Abdalmajed , Omar Abdulmuein Ibrahim , Al-hamodi Mubarak Ghaleb H.
Published: September 2024

Background: Mastitis is one of the most frequent issues observed in female lactating patients, and it is mammary gland inflammation, which is characterized by milk stasis in glandular tissue. The primary risk factor for bitches suffering from mastitis is an elevated percentage of mortality in the offspring. Breast milk screening at an early stage can help identify inflammatory cells in mothers early on. All healthcare practitioners gain knowledge and awareness from the findings.
Aim: To cytologically screen inflammatory cells in breast milk.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shendi town using one hundred samples of women's breast milk. (50 milk smears, 50 postpartum milk) have been collected and screened cytologically. Stained by pap stain.
Results: Following cytology screening of breast milk, 26/50 (52%) of the women were found to be noncell secretors and 24/50 (48%) to be cell secretors. Among the cells that appeared in the secreting group were a few epithelial cells and immune cells. In postpartum milk, all 50/50 (100%) of the women were found to be cell secretors, with the high secretion of immune cells 50/50 (100%), The study group's cell secretion and breast fluid type have a significant correlation (P. value = 0.000), but the study group's age group and cytological diagnosis have an insignificant correlation (P. value = 0.064), the study group's risk factors and diagnosis have a significant correlation (P. value = 0.003), and the study group's fluid type and immune cell have a significant correlation (P. value = 0.000).
Conclusion: In the present study, salient findings Cytology of the breast is a simple, safe, rapid test that is acceptable to patients and shows the ability to detect inflammatory cells and immune cells from asymptomatic volunteers. Practiced anatomic pathologists and pathology trainees will find the information provided here useful in gaining a better understanding of particular morphologic features and overcoming differential diagnosis difficulties associated with pathology reporting of inflammatory lesions of the breast.
Persistent climatic and oceanographic oscillations in the subpolar North Atlantic during the MIS 6 glaciation and MIS 5 interglacial
Authors: Mokeddem Zohra , McManus Jerry F.
Published: June 2016

Rapidly accumulating sediments from the Björn drift deposit south of Iceland are studied for comparison of glacial/interglacial climate changes related to millennial variability of the subpolar surface and deep ocean circulation in the North Atlantic. High‐resolution faunal, isotopic, and sedimentary analyses reveal a strong multimillennial climatic variability interpreted as oscillations in heat transport westward south of Iceland during marine isotope stage 6 (MIS 6), possibly related to the strength of the subpolar gyre (SPG). The oscillations persisted from MIS 6 through the following interglacial (MIS 5), although with diminished magnitude, and were respectively characterized by repeated advances of the polar front south of Iceland during MIS 6 and southward migrations of the Arctic front due to cold surface outflow through the East Greenland and East Iceland Currents during MIS 5. Incursions of cold, fresh surface waters, and drifting ice affected the dynamics of the SPG, episodically causing it to weaken and contract to the northwest. During these intervals of diminished SPG, the northward transport of subtropical heat and salt was strengthened and preferentially conveyed to the northeast past Iceland, enhancing deep‐water formation in the Nordic Seas. By contrast, when the SPG was strong, more subtropical water and its associated heat were entrained within the relatively warm Irminger Current flowing westward south of Iceland. These oceanographic oscillations were associated with repeated multimillennial cooling and warming episodes during the glacial stage MIS 6, equivalent to the Dansgaard‐Oeschger cycles of the last glaciation.
Dynamic groundwater flows and geochemistry in a sandy nearshore aquifer over a wave event
Authors: Malott Spencer , O'Carroll Denis M. , Robinson Clare E.
Published: June 2016

Dynamic coastal forcing influences the transport of pollutants in nearshore aquifers and their ultimate flux to coastal waters. In this study, field data are presented that show, for the first time, the influence of a period of intensified wave conditions (wave event) on nearshore groundwater flows and geochemistry in a sandy beach. Field measurements at a freshwater beach allow wave effects to be quantified without other complex forcing that are present along marine shorelines (e.g., tides). Pressure transducer data obtained over an isolated wave event reveal the development of transient groundwater flow recirculations. The groundwater flows were simulated in FEFLOW using a phase‐averaged wave setup approach to represent waves acting on the sediment‐water interface. Comparison of measured and simulated data indicates that consideration of wave setup alone is able to adequately capture wave‐induced perturbations in groundwater flows. While prior studies have shown sharp pH and redox spatial zonations in nearshore aquifers, this study reveals rapid temporal variations in conductivity, pH, and redox (ORP) in shallow sediments (up to 0.5 m depth) in response to varying wave conditions. Comparison of head gradients with calculated conductivity and pH mixing ratios indicates the controlling effect of the wave‐induced water exchange and flows in driving the observed geochemical dynamics. While we are not able to conclusively determine the extent to which temporal variations are caused by conservative mixing versus reactive processes, the pH and ORP variations observed will have significant implications for the fate of reactive pollutants discharging through sandy nearshore aquifers.
Seismological structure of the 1.8 Ga Trans‐Hudson Orogen of North America
Authors: Gilligan Amy , Bastow Ian D. , Darbyshire Fiona A.
Published: June 2016

Precambrian tectonic processes are debated: what was the nature and scale of orogenic events on the younger, hotter, and more ductile Earth? Northern Hudson Bay records the Paleoproterozoic collision between the Western Churchill and Superior plates—the ∼1.8 Ga Trans‐Hudson Orogeny (THO)—and is an ideal locality to study Precambrian tectonic structure. Integrated field, geochronological, and thermobarometric studies suggest that the THO was comparable to the present‐day Himalayan‐Karakoram‐Tibet Orogen (HKTO). However, detailed understanding of the deep crustal architecture of the THO, and how it compares to that of the evolving HKTO, is lacking. The joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave data provides new Moho depth estimates and shear velocity models for the crust and uppermost mantle of the THO. Most of the Archean crust is relatively thin (∼39 km) and structurally simple, with a sharp Moho; upper‐crustal wave speed variations are attributed to postformation events. However, the Quebec‐Baffin segment of the THO has a deeper Moho (∼45 km) and a more complex crustal structure. Observations show some similarity to recent models, computed using the same methods, of the HKTO crust. Based on Moho character, present‐day crustal thickness, and metamorphic grade, we support the view that southern Baffin Island experienced thickening during the THO of a similar magnitude and width to present‐day Tibet. Fast seismic velocities at >10 km below southern Baffin Island may be the result of partial eclogitization of the lower crust during the THO, as is currently thought to be happening in Tibet.
Dynamic imaging of oil shale pyrolysis using synchrotron X‐ray microtomography
Authors: Saif Tarik , Lin Qingyang , Singh Kamaljit , Bijeljic Branko , Blunt Martin J.
Published: June 2016

The structure and connectivity of the pore space during the pyrolysis of oil shales determines hydrocarbon flow behavior and ultimate recovery. We image the time evolution of the pore and microfracture networks during oil shale pyrolysis using synchrotron X‐ray microtomography. Immature Green River (Mahogany Zone) shale samples were thermally matured under vacuum conditions at temperatures up to 500°C while being periodically imaged with a 2 µm voxel size. The structural transformation of both organic‐rich and organic‐lean layers within the shale was quantified. The images reveal a dramatic change in porosity accompanying pyrolysis between 390 and 400°C with the formation of micron‐scale heterogeneous pores. With a further increase in temperature, the pores steadily expand resulting in connected microfracture networks that predominantly develop along the kerogen‐rich laminations.
Observations and modeling of ionospheric scintillations at South Pole during six X‐class solar flares in 2013
Authors: Priyadarshi S. , Zhang Q.‐H. , Ma Y.‐Z. , Wang Y. , Xing Z.‐Y.
Published: June 2016

Using two B‐spline basis functions of degree 4 and the ionospheric scintillation data from a Global Positioning Satellite System (GPS) scintillation receiver at South Pole, we reproduced ionospheric scintillation indices for the periods of the six X‐class solar flares in 2013. These reproduced indices have filled the data gaps, and they are serving as a smooth replica of the real observations. In either event, these modeled scintillation indices are minimizing the geometrical effects between GPS satellite and the receiver. Six X‐class solar flares have been studied during the summer and winter months, using the produced scintillation indices based on the observations from the GPS receiver at South Pole and the in situ plasma measurement from the associated passing of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. Our results show that the solar flare peak suppresses the scintillation level and builds time‐independent scintillation patterns; however, after a certain time from the solar flare peak, complicated scintillation patterns develop at high‐latitude ionosphere and spread toward the polar cap boundary region. Substantial consistency has been found between moderate proton fluxes and scintillation enhancement.
Noise reduction of time domain electromagnetic data: Application of a combined wavelet denoising method
Authors: Ji Yanju , Li Dongsheng , Yuan Guiyang , Lin Jun , Du Shangyu , Xie Lijun , Wang Yuan
Published: June 2016

A denoising method based on wavelet analysis is presented for the removal of noise (background noise and random spike) from time domain electromagnetic (TEM) data. This method includes two signal processing technologies: wavelet threshold method and stationary wavelet transform. First, wavelet threshold method is used for the removal of background noise from TEM data. Then, the data are divided into a series of details and approximations by using stationary wavelet transform. The random spike in details is identified by zero reference data and adaptive energy detector. Next, the corresponding details are processed to suppress the random spike. The denoised TEM data are reconstructed via inverse stationary wavelet transform using the processed details at each level and the approximations at the highest level. The proposed method has been verified using a synthetic TEM data, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of synthetic TEM data is increased from 10.97 dB to 24.37 dB at last. This method is also applied to the noise suppression of the field data which were collected at Hengsha island, China. The section image results shown that the noise is suppressed effectively and the resolution of the deep anomaly is obviously improved.
Investigation of Interfacial Reaction Products and Stress Distribution in Selective Laser Melted Al12Si/SiC Composite Using Confocal Raman Microscopy
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Kong Charlie , Becker Thomas , Sercombe Tim
Published: June 2016

The interfacial reaction products and stress distribution in a selective laser melted Al12Si/SiC composite are studied using confocal Raman microscopy. Results reveal that needle‐like Al4C3 and equiaxed Si are located at the interface between the Al matrix and SiC particles. This reaction is triggered by the high temperature within the SiC due to its high laser absorptivity. Raman frequency shifts to lower wavenumber are observed in both the SiC and Si, suggesting the existence of tensile stress within the interface. The tensile stress in SiC is higher in the build direction than in the direction perpendicular to the build direction. No such difference is observed in the Si. The reason is ascribed to the Gaussian distribution of the laser energy density and stress relief through the interfacial reaction.
Unintentional Bulk Doping of Polymer‐Fullerene Blends from a Thin Interfacial Layer of MoO3
Authors: Nyman Mathias , Dahlström Staffan , Sandberg Oskar J. , Österbacka Ronald
Published: June 2016

Charge selective interlayers are of critical importance in order for solar cells based on low mobility materials, such as polymer‐fullerene blends, to perform well. Commonly used anode interlayers consist of high work function transition metal oxides, with molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) being arguably the most used. Here, it is shown that a thin interlayer of MoO3 causes unintentional bulk doping in solar cells based on polymers and polymer‐fullerene blends. The doping concentrations determined from capacitance–voltage measurements are larger than 1016 cm−3 and are seen to increase closer to the anode, reference devices without MoO3 are undoped. Using time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy it is furthermore shown that molybdenum is present on the surface of all films with an interfacial layer of MoO3 beneath the active layer. Doping concentrations of this magnitude are detrimental for device performance, especially for active layers >100 nm.
Early detection of bilateral cataracts in utero may represent a manifestation of severe congenital disease
Authors: Trkova Marie , Hynek Martin , Dudakova Lubica , Becvarova Vera , Hlozanek Martin , Raskova Dagmar , Vincent Andrea L. , Liskova Petra
Published: June 2016

We observed bilateral cataracts on second trimester ultrasound, in two consecutive pregnancies, with no other structural defects detected. The parents were unrelated and had no family history for the disease. The first pregnancy was terminated in week 22. Copy number variation analysis revealed, in both the aborted fetus and the mother, a 495 kb duplication at 22q11.23 encompassing CRYBB3 and CRYBB2, and not present in variation databases. In the second pregnancy, lens hyperechogenicity was detected by ultrasound at week 13 and 4 days. The identical duplication at 22q11.23 was found in the fetus and considered as possibly pathogenic. At weeks 22 and 30, smaller orbit measurements were elucidated on ultrasound, raising concerns as to the underlying molecular genetic cause, necessitating further investigation. Whole‐exome sequencing, using DNA of the first fetus, was performed shortly after the birth of a male child, and two truncating RAB3GAP1 mutations were detected: c.538G>T; p. (Glu180*) and c.943C>T; p. (Arg315*). Neither mutation has been previously reported to be disease‐causing; however, evaluation in the context of previously published literature indicated their deleterious nature, implying a clinical diagnosis of Warburg micro syndrome or Martsolf syndrome. Sanger sequencing confirmed segregation of the two mutations within the family, consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. The child born from the second pregnancy showed features typical of Warburg micro syndrome, with the exception of microcephaly, at age 31 months. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing SON in 21q22.11 as a cause a new syndromic form of intellectual disability: Possible contribution to Braddock–Carey syndrome phenotype
Authors: Takenouchi Toshiki , Miura Kiyokuni , Uehara Tomoko , Mizuno Seiji , Kosaki Kenjiro
Published: June 2016

A recent study of exome analyses in 109 patients with undiagnosed diseases included a 5‐year‐old girl with intellectual disability and multiple congenital anomalies, who had an apparently de novo frameshift mutation in SON. However, the combination of the truncating mutation in SON and the phenotype has not been reproduced until date, and it remains unclear if this combination represents a distinctive disease entity. Here we report an additional male with intellectual disability, congenital heart disease, distinctive facial features with curly hair and protruding ears, and long slender extremities, and hyperextensible joints. Exome analysis showed that he had the same de novo frameshift mutation in SON in a heterozygous state. Along with the first and original description of the apparently de novo truncating mutation in SON mentioned above, we have established that haploinsufficiency of SON causes a new recognizable syndrome of intellectual disability. SON is located within 21q22.11, a critical region for Braddock–Carey syndrome, which is characterized by congenital thrombocytopenia, intellectual disability, micrognathia, and a distinctive facies. Therefore, we suggest that the intellectual disability observed in Braddock–Carey syndrome could be accounted for by haploinsufficiency of SON. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mulibrey nanism: Two novel mutations in a child identified by Array CGH and DNA sequencing
Authors: Mozzillo Enza , Cozzolino Carla , Genesio Rita , Melis Daniela , Frisso Giulia , Orrico Ada , Lombardo Barbara , Fattorusso Valentina , Discepolo Valentina , Della Casa Roberto , Simonelli Francesca , Nitsch Lucio , Salvatore Francesco , Franzese Adriana
Published: June 2016

In childhood, several rare genetic diseases have overlapping symptoms and signs, including those regarding growth alterations, thus the differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult. The proband, aged 3 years, was suspected to have Silver–Russel syndrome because of intrauterine growth retardation, postnatal growth retardation, typical facial dysmorphic features, macrocephaly, body asymmetry, and bilateral fifth finger clinodactyly. Other features were left atrial and ventricular enlargement and patent foramen ovale. Total X‐ray skeleton showed hypoplasia of the twelfth rib bilaterally and of the coccyx, slender long bones with thick cortex, and narrow medullary channels. The genetic investigation did not confirm Silver–Russel syndrome. At the age of 5 the patient developed an additional sign: hepatomegaly. Array CGH revealed a 147 kb deletion (involving TRIM 37 and SKA2 genes) on one allele of chromosome 17, inherited from his mother. These results suggested Mulibrey nanism. The clinical features were found to fit this hypothesis. Sequencing of the TRIM 37 gene showed a single base change at a splicing locus, inherited from his father that provoked a truncated protein. The combined use of Array CGH and DNA sequencing confirmed diagnosis of Mulibrey nanism. The large deletion involving the SKA2 gene, along with the increased frequency of malignant tumours in mulibrey patients, suggests closed monitoring for cancer of our patient and his mother. Array CGH should be performed as first tier test in all infants with multiple anomalies. The clinician should reconsider the clinical features when the genetics suggests this. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whole‐exome sequencing implicatesDGKHas a risk gene for panic disorder in the Faroese population
Authors: Gregersen Noomi O. , Lescai Francesco , Liang Jieqin , Li Qibin , Als Thomas , Buttenschøn Henriette N. , Hedemand Anne , Biskopstø Marjun , Wang Jun , Wang August G. , Børglum Anders D. , Mors Ole , Demontis Ditte
Published: June 2016

The demographic history of the isolated population of the Faroe Islands may have induced enrichment of variants rarely seen in outbred European populations, including enrichment of risk variants for panic disorder (PD). PD is a common mental disorder, characterized by recurring and unprovoked panic attacks, and genetic factors have been estimated to explain around 40% of the risk. In this study the potential enrichment of PD risk variants was explored based on whole‐exome sequencing of 54 patients with PD and 211 control individuals from the Faroese population. No genome‐wide significant associations were found, however several single variants and genes showed strong association with PD, whereDGKHwas found to be the strongest PD associated gene. InterestinglyDGKHhas previously demonstrated genome‐wide significant association with bipolar disorder as well as evidence of association to other mental disorders. Additionally, we found an enrichment of PD risk variants in the Faroese population; variants with otherwise low frequency in more outbreed European populations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Globus pallidus degeneration and clinicopathological features of Huntington disease
Authors: Singh‐Bains Malvindar K. , Tippett Lynette J. , Hogg Virginia M. , Synek Beth J. , Roxburgh Richard H. , Waldvogel Henry J. , Faull Richard L. M.
Published: June 2016

Objective

Numerous studies have focused on striatal neurodegeneration in Huntington disease (HD). In comparison, the globus pallidus (GP), a main striatal output nucleus, has received less focus in HD research. This study characterizes the pattern of neurodegeneration in 3 subdivisions of the human GP, and its relation to clinical symptomatology.

Methods

Stereology was used to measure regional atrophy, neuronal loss, and soma neuronal atrophy in 3 components of the GP—the external segment (GPe), internal segment (GPi), and ventral pallidum (VP)—in 8 HD cases compared with 7 matched control cases. The findings in the HD patients were compared with HD striatal neuropathological grade, and symptom scores of motor impairment, chorea, cognition, and mood.

Results

Relative to controls, in the HD patients the GPe showed a 54% overall volume decline, 60% neuron loss, and 34% reduced soma volume. Similarly, the VP was reduced in volume by 31%, with 48% neuron loss and 64% reduced soma volume. In contrast, the GPi was less affected, with a 38% reduction in overall volume only. The extent of GP neurodegeneration correlated with increasing striatal neuropathological grade. Decreasing GPe and VP volumes were associated with poorer cognition and increasing motor impairments, but not chorea. In contrast, decreasing GPi volumes were associated with decreasing levels of irritability.

Interpretation

The HD gene mutation produces variable degrees of GP segment degeneration, highlighting the differential vulnerability of striato‐GP target projections. The relationship established between clinical symptom scores and pallidal degeneration provides a novel contribution to understanding the clinicopathological associations in HD. Ann Neurol 2016;80:185–201