bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Brentuximab Vedotin With Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Stage III and IV Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Huntington Scott F. , von Keudell Gottfried , Davidoff Amy J. , Gross Cary P. , Prasad Sapna A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

In a recent randomized, open-label trial (ECHELON-1), brentuximab vedotin (BV) combined with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD+BV) decreased the risk of progression in adults diagnosed with stage III or IV Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) compared with standard bleomycin-containing chemotherapy (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine [ABVD]). However, the cost effectiveness of incorporating BV (US$6,970 per 50-mg vial) into the first-line setting is unknown.

Patients and Methods

We constructed a Markov decision-analytic model to measure the costs and clinical outcomes for AVD+BV compared with ABVD as first-line therapy in a cohort of patients with stage III or IV HL. Transition probabilities were estimated from ECHELON-1 by fitting parametric survival distributions. Lifetime direct health care costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for AVD+BV compared with ABVD from a US payer perspective. Our model was also used to estimate BV price reductions that would achieve more favorable cost effectiveness under indication-specific pricing.

Results

AVD+BV was associated with an improvement of 0.56 QALYs compared with treatment with standard ABVD. However, incorporating BV into first-line therapy led to significantly higher lifetime health care costs ($361,137 v $184,291), causing the ICER for AVD+BV to be $317,254 per QALY. If indication-specific pricing were implemented, acquisition costs for BV used in the first-line setting would need to be reduced by 56% to 73% for ICERs of $150,000 to $100,000 per QALY, respectively.

Conclusion

Substituting BV for bleomycin during first-line therapy for stage III or IV HL is unlikely to be cost effective under current drug pricing. Should indication-specific pricing be implemented, significant price reductions for BV used in the first-line setting would be needed to reduce ICERs to more widely acceptable values.
Nomenclatural types of the Linnaean names in Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae)
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallego P. Pablo
Published: October 2018

The nomenclatural types of the Linnaean names in the genus Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae) are discussed and revised. Lectotypes of Z. fulvum (≡ Roepera fulva), Z. morgsana (≡ R. morgsana), Z. sessilifolium (≡ R. sessilifolia) and Z. spinosum (≡ R. spinosa) are designated, and Z. simplex (≡ Tetraena simplex) is neotypified. Epitypes are designated for Z. coccineum and Z. spinosum due to ambiguity in the interpretation of their types. Linnaeus’s original material of Z. aestuans and Z. nitraria could not be found, the application of the names appears uncertain, therefore they are treated as nomina ambigua. In addition, the typification of Decaisne’s name Z. propinquum (≡ T. propinqua) is discussed, and a lectotype is designated.
A VARIAÇÃO NA CONSTRUÇÃO RELACIONAL DE MUDANÇA DE ESTADO: FICAR, TORNAR-SE E VIRAR
Authors: Ferreira Bruna Gois Pavão
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever uma parcela da rede da construção relacional de mudança de estado no Português Brasileiro, analisando a variação que ocorre no uso dos verbos ficar, tornar-se e virar nesse tipo de construção. Para tanto, foram considerados apenas dados com sujeito (animado ou não animado) e os verbos em estudo seguidos de predicativo sob as formas de sintagma adjetival ou sintagma nominal. Foram descartados dados de construções impessoais e com sintagmas oracionais e sob a forma de sintagmas preposicionados ou adverbiais, além de construções em que os verbos em estudo integravam locuções verbais. A abordagem escolhida para nortear esta pesquisa é a Gramática de Construções Baseada no Uso (BYBEE, 2010, 2013; CROFT, 2001; GOLDBERG, 1995, 2013; TRAUGOTT & TROUSDALE, 2013; dentre outros), que considera a construção gramatical (pareamento de forma e significado) como unidade básica da língua, levando em consideração o uso, e apresenta um modelo de gramática como rede de construções interconectadas. Assim, algumas das questões a que se busca responder são: (i) quais as diferenças e similaridades no uso dos verbos ficar, tornar-se e virar na construção relacional de mudança de estado?; (ii) como se dá a variação/alternância entre tais verbos nesse tipo de construção? Como objetivos específicos, destacam-se: (i) a identificação dos padrões de uso com base na frequência e nas relações de forma e/ou significado por semelhanças de família existentes entre tais construções; (ii) a configuração morfossintática da construção relacional de mudança de estado; (iii) suas instâncias de uso; (iv) as diferenças semântico-pragmáticas entre as construções com ficar, tornar-se e virar.
VARIAÇÃO ESTÁVEL OU MUDANÇA EM PROGRESSO? A EXPRESSÃO DO MODO SUBJUNTIVO EM TRÊS VARIEDADES DO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO
Authors: Schwochow Pimpão Tatiana , Silva dos Santos Wendel
Published: October 2018

Tendo como referência a Teoria da Variação e Mudança (LABOV, 2001; 2008[1972]), este trabalho tem o objetivo de promover uma discussão mais detalhada acerca da relevância da variável social faixa etária na compreensão da variação entre o modo subjuntivo e o modo indicativo em dados do português brasileiro. A reflexão empreendida parte da análise de resultados percentuais referentes a dados extraídos de entrevistas conduzidas com informantes de três capitais brasileiras: Florianópolis, São Paulo e São Luís. Pretende-se responder ao seguinte questionamento: a interpretação dos resultados aponta para um fenômeno de variação estável ou de mudança em progresso? Resultados mais gerais indicam que, em Florianópolis, a variação é estável e, em São Paulo e em São Luís, já há indícios de mudança.
Impact of Climate Change on Host, Pathogen and Plant Disease Adaptation Regime: A Review
Authors: Pathak Rakesh , Kumar Singh Sunil , Tak Alkesh , Gehlot Praveen
Published: October 2018

An aberrant and harsh climate of arid and semi-arid regions of the world coupled with a continuous rise in temperature and CO2 concentration has adversely affected production and productivity of crops, livestock and fisheries in the region. Some of the minor pest species have acquired serious status due to fluctuating environmental conditions in the recent years revealing higher numbers of pest occurrences that may result up to 40% loss in agriculture yield by the year 2100 in South Asia including India. The global average temperatures are expected to arise around 1–2°C by the year 2100. Consequently, more frequency of high temperatures, storms, or drought, a quantum jump in use of insecticides, change in virulence pattern, the emergence of pathogens in new areas has been anticipated. Simulation models have been advocated to be a better approach for the evaluation of the upcoming climate change impact on agriculture and forest plant disease. New gene discovery and their deployment would be a better approach to combat the effect of climate change. Abiotic stress tolerant varieties and integrated pest management (IPM) have increased yield and productivity under climate change scenario. A new innovation in pest management and commitment in anticipatory research against emerging pathogens through multidisciplinary techniques may be better strategies under climate change.
Contribution of Genetic Variants of ATP Transporters (ABCC1 and ABCG2) genes with the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: A. Al Doghaither Huda , B. Al-Ghafari Ayat
Published: October 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major cancers that is characterized with high percentage of morbidity worldwide due to the advanced metastatic cancer that developed via acquired drug resistance mechanisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify genetic variants in major genes that could contribute to the poor overall survival rate and drug-resistance. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are among the most studied genes that are related to the development of many cancers including CRC. In this study, three variants namely (G2168A and G3173A) in ABCC1 and (C421A) in ABCG2 were examined to evaluate their contribution to CRC in Saudi Arabia. DNA was extracted from the whole blood of 62 CRC patients and 100 controls. PCR-RFLP technique was used to identify the different genotypes among Saudi population. All statistical data were obtained by chi-square test and P values ˂0.05 were considered statistically significant. Interestingly, neither of the tested variants showed heterozygous nor homozygous distribution among the 162 samples. Therefore, those variants are rare in Saudi population and are not suspected to be involved in CRC pathogenesis. In conclusion, those variants cannot be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers for CRC in Saudi Arabia. However, more experiments need to be performed to confirm our findings.
Study of Some Genetic Variants for Cancer in Women with Breast Cancer In the East Azarbaijan Region by MLPA Method
Authors: Pashaei Mahdiyeh , Eivazi Ziaei Jamal , Nikanfar Alireza , Emamalizadeh Babak , Mojtaba Mohaddes Ardebili Seyyed
Published: October 2018

Breast cancer is one of the main factors in the mortality of Iranian women. A large rearrangement genome is observed in most genes, especially in BRCA1 / BRCA2 genes lacking small mutations in breast cancer. Therefore, methods are needed to detect one or more exon deletions or their duplication. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the change in the number of copies of ATM, BRCA1, CHEK2, PTEN, and P53 genes in women with breast cancer in the East Azarbaijan region by MLPA method. This research is a descriptive study that was conducted randomly among 150 Azeri women with breast cancer who were referred to Tabriz Nour Najat Hospital; sixteen healthy people were selected as control samples. Deletion and duplication of ATM, BRCA1, P53, CHEK2 and PTEN genes were investigated using the MLPA method. The results showed that there was no pathogenicity mutation in these five genes. Therefore, it can be said that a large rearrangement genome in the East Azarbaijan province is very unlikely to lead to breast cancer in the area.
Ameliorating Effects of Badri Cow Urine on Cypermethrin Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Chicken lymphocytes Culture System
Authors: Ambwani Sonu , Kumar Ambwani Tanuj , Singh Chauhan Ramswaroop
Published: October 2018

Cow urine has many beneficial properties particularly in the areas of agriculture and therapeutics. It has also been observed during the scientific research that the urine of Indian cows is highly effective against various ailments. Cow urine or ‘gau mutra’ has a unique place in Ayurveda and is suggested for improving general health. Cypermethrin is a widely used composite pyrethroid. It is a broad spectrum, non-cumulative insecticide and a fast-acting neurotoxin. It is reported to exhibit deleterious health impacts on human and/ animal health. Present paper reports ameliorating effects of cow urine distillate (CU) against cypermethrin induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in chicken lymphocytes culture employing lymphocyte proliferation assay and nitric oxide (NO) estimation. Cypermethrin treated cells displayed immunotoxic effects as observed by decrease in B and T cells proliferation. In case of combination treatments of cypermethrin and CU, there was increase in B and T cells proliferation as compared to only pesticide treated cells. Nitric oxide estimation revealed enhanced oxidative stress in cypermethrin treated cells in comparison to combination treated groups.
A short review of CdTe and CdSe films: growth and characterization
Authors: Min Ho Soon , U Vyas C , Pataniya Pratik , Patel K D , Mahato Somnath
Published: October 2018

Cadmium based thin films including CdTe and CdSe show great potential for the use in the field of solar cells, optoelectronic and biomedical applications. This work gives a brief review of the preparation of CdSe, and CdTe films by using various deposition techniques. The chemical bath deposition method was used to deposit CdSe films using three precursors such as cadmium nitrate, cadmium sulfate and cadmium acetate are reported. Also, this article reviews on the experimental advances in electrodeposited of CdSe and screen printed cadmium telluride thin films. Various characterization techniques namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) were used in the present research work have been discussed.
INSTITUTIONAL SETTINGS IN POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM: A contribution to the raise of new elites in rural Java
Authors: Susilo Anggun Trisnanto Hari
Published: October 2018

Umumnya, kelompok elite diidentikkan dengan penguasaan sumber-sumber kekuasaan yang biasanya berupa materi (tanah, rumah, ternak) dan pekerjaan di instansi formal. Definisi seperti ini sudah jamak ditemukan di lingkup perdesaan di Jawa. Namun, dari pengalaman Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Perdesaan khususnya oleh kader program, artikel ini berargumen bahwa ada alternatif sumber kuasa yang lain selain materi dan posisi di pemerintahan yang kemudian menjadikan seorang yang biasa menjadi anggota kelompok elite. Sumber non-material ini adalah loyalitas, dedikasi dan kepercayaan. Diilhami oleh pendekatan Power Cube, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses PNPM terdapat transformasi kuasa dari individu biasa menjadi elite. Artikel ini berdasar pada metode studi kasus di dua desa di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur yang mendapatkan program PNPM.
ANALISIS FUNGSI PENGAWASAN DPRD PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGJAKARTA (DIY) TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI KEISTIMEWAAN
Authors: Kariem Muhammad Quranul
Published: October 2018

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang fungsi pengawasan DPRD DIY terhadap pelaksanan Keistimewaan pada tahun 2017. Pengawasan tersebut dilaksanakan dengan konsep pengawasan apriori dana aposteriori. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keistimewaan memiliki kecenderungan dijalankan dominan oleh eksekutif, sedangkan legislatif menjadi minim peran karena berbagai faktor yang melatarbelakanginya. Artikel ini beragumen bahwa kecenderungan Pemerintah Daerah DIY dalam merespon pengawasan yang dilakukan DPRD DIY adalah hanya dalam konteks yang berhubungan dengan hal administratif semata,namun dalam persoalan dana istimewa, eksekutif tidak responsif terhadap pengawasan legislatif. Pelaksanaan desentralisasi asimteris di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dijalankan secara parsial karena terdapat faktor peran pemerintah pusat yang secara tidak langsung mereduksi kewenangan penyelenggara pemerintahan daerah, tidak hanya itu dominasi eksekutif juga sangat terlihat dalam hubungan antara penyelenggara pemerintahan daerah.
Gesty jako predyktor rozwoju komunikowania się u dzieci prawidłowo się rozwijających oraz z zaburzeniami rozwojowymi
Authors: Dłużniewska Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

Gestures and facial expressions appear in child communication before she/he is able to say the first word, and their qualitative and quantitative growth is considered an indicator of future language development. The aims of this article is review of the research available in literature on the use of gestures in the communication process of children whose development is typically and children with developmental disorders. There is an evidence that the differences in the development of gestures communication in children with typical and atypical development allow to predict potential language delays.
Autyzm relacyjnie, czyli praca na i nad kontaktem z dziećmi z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu
Authors: Gołaska Paulina
Published: October 2018

Relational approach to autism is a specific way of understanding needs of the child with development disorders based on three strong fundaments – psychoanalysis, development psychology and psychopathology. It is a result of complex research of typical development and identification of caretaker’s intuitive reactions, which support the child best and in a natural way. Relational therapy is not a remedy for every issue in autism. However, it should be an important, central element of a good-enough, holistic educational and therapeutic program. An introduction to other, educational-oriented activities, like learning which is a dyadic process of interaction between two people of whom one is always a teacher for another. Connection and relation should be an essence of every intervention dedicated to autistic children to, as a result, make the autism thaw.
Ocena dojrzałości szkolnej dzieci z wadą słuchu. Kontrowersje i wyzwania związane z diagnozą psychologiczno-pedagogiczną
Authors: Jakoniuk-Diallo Anna
Published: October 2018

The start of school education is an important and difficult phase in every child’s life. However with each one of them, we have to deal with the individual pace and specificity of development in each sphere, and even so it is difficult to recognize every child as equally mature as a pupil. Both the evaluation of child progress in the education process and the readiness for school education are made through the prism of linguistic proficiency. In the case of child’s hearing loss, especially when it is congenital or acquired at a very early stage, the development of speech and language is delayed. The determinant of this situation is the lack of access to the audible voice of the guardians. In a slightly different situation there are children with hearing impairment, having deaf parents. These people, from their earliest years, develop their sign language skills, which are primary to them. An increasing number of hearing impaired children go to integration classes in public schools. Does this mean that the psychological and pedagogical diagnosis procedure of the aforementioned group of children, including the study of their school maturity, can be considered appropriate?
Mikroświat inności dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną – raport z badań
Authors: Gutowska Anna
Published: October 2018

The text is an attempt to present the phenomenon of experiencing otherness by adult people with mental disability. The author presents survey results which are a part of a bigger project researching the microworlds of adults with intellectual disability. In the research, both as the strategy of collecting the research materials and the method of their analysis, the methodology of constructing grounded theory by Kathy Charmaz was used. 14 adults with intellectual disability, attendees of the Community Centre of Self-Help, were researched, as well as 14 attendants (including parents and the centre’s employees). The results showed otherness as a specific phenomenon experienced by all the surveyed people with intellectual disability.
Świadomość stanów emocjonalnych a osiągnięcia w nauce szkolnej uczniów słabowidzących w okresie wczesnej adolescencji
Authors: Kucharczyk Izabella
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to present the results of research of the relationships between awareness of one’s emotions and the educational achievements of students with visual impairments during early adolescence. The study included 60 pupils from secondary schools in the region of Masovia. The study used the Emotion Awareness Questionnaire – Revised EAS-30-R. Rieffe, P. Oosterveld, A.C. Miers, M.M. Terwogt (2008) in the Polish adaptation by I. Kucharczyk and A. Dłużniewska, as well as school grades.
Kant’s post-1800 Disavowal of the Highest Good Argument for the Existence of God
Authors: Kahn Samuel
Published: October 2018

I have two main goals in this paper. The first is to argue for the thesis that Kant gave up on his highest good argument for the existence of God around 1800. The second is to revive a dialogue about this thesis that died out in the 1960s. The paper is divided into three sections. In the first, I reconstruct Kant’s highest good argument. In the second, I turn to the post-1800 convolutes of Kant’s Opus postumum to discuss his repeated claim that there is only one way to argue for the existence of God, a way which resembles the highest good argument only in taking the moral law as its starting point. In the third, I explain why I do not find the counterarguments to my thesis introduced in the 1960s persuasive.
Kant’s Debt to Baumgarten in His Religious (Un‐)Grounding of Ethics
Authors: Osawa Toshiro
Published: October 2018

Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten’s ethics had a significant influence on the formation of Kant’s ethics. The extent of this influence, however, has not been sufficiently investigated by existing Kant scholarship. Filling this gap, this paper aims to reveal Baumgarten’s substantial influence on the formation of Kant’s ethics, particularly the complex ways in which Kant’s ethics retains the concept of God as crucial for ensuring that his ethics persist under the scrutiny of reason. In a systematic comparison of the ethics of the two philosophers, I argue that Kant alters and yet accommodates several aspects of Baumgarten’s ethics in his own version of the system of ethics more thoroughly than has previously been perceived. More specifically, I argue, first, that Kant’s rejection of Baumgarten’s conception of “duties towards God” and his alternative notion that duties are recognized as if they were divine commands unveil his criticism of Baumgarten’s conception of how religion is situated in ethics. Second, I argue that Kant’s argument for the extension of pure reason for practical purposes discloses his critical response to Baumgarten’s optimistic assumption about the entirety of pure reason.
Determination of the stability constants of Pu(VI) carbonate complexes by capillary electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
Authors: Alexandre Jean-Charles , Dacheux Nicolas , Aupiais Jean
Published: October 2018

New determination of the stability constants related to the Pu(VI)/carbonate chemical system has been obtained by coupling capillary electrophoresis and ICP-MS at the ionic strength of 0.202 m in NaClO4 and for a temperature of 25°C. The following values have been obtained:

log

10

β

PuO

2

CO

3

=
8.12
±
0.02
,

${\log _{10}}{\beta _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}}} = 8.12 \pm 0.02,$

log

10

β

PuO

2

(

CO

3

)

2

2
−

=
13.96
±
0.04
,

${\log _{10}}{\beta _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3})_2^{2 - }}} = 13.96 \pm 0.04,$

and

log

10

β

PuO

2

(

CO

3

)

3

4
−

=
18.10
±
0.03.

${\log _{10}}{\beta _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3})_3^{4 - }}} = 18.10 \pm 0.03.$

Based on the values selected by AEN/OECD, the interaction coefficients have been re-evaluated as follows:

ε

PuO

2

CO

3

=
0.02
±
0.21
,

${\varepsilon _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}}} = 0.02 \pm 0.21,$

ε

PuO

2

(

CO

3

)

2

2
−

,

Na

+

=
0.12
±
0.08
,

${\varepsilon _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3})_2^{2 - },{\rm{N}}{{\rm{a}}^ + }}} = 0.12 \pm 0.08,$

ε

PuO

2

(

CO

3

)

3

4
−

,

Na

+

=
0.14
±
0.18
 kg
⋅

mol

−
1

.

${\varepsilon _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3})_3^{4 - },{\rm{N}}{{\rm{a}}^ + }}} = 0.14 \pm 0.18{\rm{ kg}} \cdot {\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}^{ - 1}}.$
Potential of metal monoliths with grown carbon nanomaterials as catalyst support in intensified steam reformer: a perspective
Authors: Baharudin Luqmanulhakim , Yip Alex Chi-Kin , Golovko Vladimir , Watson Matthew James
Published: October 2018

A monolithic catalytic support is potentially a thermally effective system for application in an intensified steam reforming process. In contrast to ceramic analogues, metal monoliths exhibit better mechanical strength, thermal conductivity and a thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to that of the reformer tube. A layer of carbon nanomaterials grown on the metal monolith’s surface can act as a textural promoter offering sufficient surface area for hosting homogeneously dispersed catalytically active metal particles. Carbon nanomaterials possess good thermal conductivities and mechanical properties. The future potential of this system in steam reforming is envisaged based on hypothetical speculation supported by fundamental carbon studies from as early as the 1970s, and sufficient literature evidence from relatively recent research on the use of monoliths and carbon in catalysis. Thermodynamics and active interaction between metal particle surface and carbon-containing gas have resulted in coke deposition on the nickel-based catalysts in steam reforming. The coke is removable through gasification by increasing the steam-to-carbon ratio to above stoichiometric but risks a parallel gasification of the carbon nanomaterials textural promoter, leading to nickel particle sintering. We present our perspective based on literature in which, under the same coke gasification conditions, the highly crystallised carbon nanomaterials maintain high chemical and thermal stability.
How Forces Fold the Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Kroenke Christopher D. , Bayly Philip V.
Published: October 2018

Improved understanding of the factors that govern folding of the cerebral cortex is desirable for many reasons. The existence of consistent patterns in folding within and between species suggests a fundamental role in brain function. Abnormal folding patterns found in individuals affected by a diverse array of neurodevelopmental disorders underline the clinical relevance of understanding the folding process. Recent experimental and computational efforts to elucidate the biomechanical forces involved in cerebral cortical folding have converged on a consistent approach. Brain growth is modeled with two components: an expanding outer zone, destined to become the cerebral cortex, is mechanically coupled to an inner zone, destined to become white matter, that grows at a slower rate, perhaps in response to stress induced by expansion from the outer layer. This framework is consistent with experimentally observed internal forces in developing brains, and with observations of the folding process in physical models. In addition, computational simulations based on this foundation can produce folding patterns that recapitulate the characteristics of folding patterns found in gyroencephalic brains. This perspective establishes the importance of mechanical forces in our current understanding of how brains fold, and identifies realistic ranges for specific parameters in biophysical models of developing brain tissue. However, further refinement of this approach is needed. An understanding of mechanical forces that arise during brain development and their cellular-level origins is necessary to interpret the consequences of abnormal brain folding and its role in functional deficits as well as neurodevelopmental disease.

Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:How Cells Fold the Cerebral Cortex, by Víctor Borrell
ALCON
Authors: Dantas Paulo E.C.
Published: October 2018

ALCON
Baicalin alleviates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial impairment via Nrf2
Authors: Chen Gen , Chen Xiangjuan , Niu Chao , Huang Xiaozhong , An Ning , Sun Jia , Huang Shuai , Ye Weijian , Li Santie , Shen Yingjie , Liang Jiaojiao , Cong Weitao , Jin Litai
Published: October 2018

Baicalin is the major component found in Scutellaria baicalensis root, a widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine, which exhibits strong anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-tumor activities. The present work was devoted to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of Baicalin against diabetes-induced oxidative damage, inﬂammation and endothelial dysfunction. Diabetic mice, induced by streptozotocin (STZ), were treated with intraperitoneal Baicalin injections. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured either in normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 33 mM) medium in the presence or absence of Baicalin for 72 h. We observed an obvious inhibition of hyperglycemia-triggered oxidative damage and inﬂammation in HUVECs and diabetic aortal vasculature by Baicalin, along with restoration of hyperglycemia-impaired nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway activity. However, the protective effects of Baicalin almost completely abolished in HUVECs transduced with shRNA against Nrf2, but not with nonsense shRNA. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that HG decreased Akt and GSK3B phosphorylation, restrained nuclear export of Fyn and nuclear localization of Nrf2, blunted Nrf2 downstream target genes and subsequently induced oxidative stress in HUVECs. However, those destructive cascades were well prevented by Baicalin in HUVECs. Furthermore, LY294002 and ML385 (inhibitor of PI3K and Nrf2) attenuated Baicalin-mediated Nrf2 activation and the ability of facilitates angiogenesis in vivo and ex vivo. Taken together, the endothelial protective effect of Baicalin under hyperglycemia condition could be partly attributed to its role in downregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inﬂammation via the Akt/GSK3B/Fyn-mediated Nrf2 activation.
On Becoming a Surgical Intern: Navigating the Lurch from Medical School to Internship
Authors: Tribble Curtis G
Published: October 2018

There are three major transitions in the educational trajectory of those heading into a career in surgery. The first transition is from the first year or two of medical school to the clerkships of the third year.  The second is the transition from medical school into the first postgraduate year of residency training. The third, which is widely held to be the toughest transition of all, is from residency into independent practice.  This review, which could be called ‘a rookie’s survival guide,’ will address the second of those ‘lurches,’ that of the transition from medical school into a surgical internship.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis Is Modulated by the Forkhead Transcription Factor FKH-9 During Infection of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tillman Erik J , Richardson Claire E , Cattie Douglas J , Reddy Kirthi C , Lehrbach Nicolas J , Droste Rita , Ruvkun Gary , Kim Dennis H
Published: October 2018

Animals have evolved critical mechanisms to maintain cellular and organismal proteostasis during development, disease, and exposure to environmental stressors. The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a conserved pathway that senses and responds to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. We have previously demonstrated that the IRE-1-XBP-1 branch of the UPR is required to maintain Caenorhabditis elegans ER homeostasis during larval development in the presence of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we identify loss-of-function mutations in four conserved transcriptional regulators that suppress the larval lethality of xbp-1 mutant animals caused by immune activation in response to infection by pathogenic bacteria: FKH-9, a forkhead family transcription factor; ARID-1, an ARID/Bright domain-containing transcription factor; HCF-1, a transcriptional regulator that associates with histone modifying enzymes; and SIN-3, a subunit of a histone deacetylase complex. Further characterization of FKH-9 suggests that loss of FKH-9 enhances resistance to the ER toxin tunicamycin and results in enhanced ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Increased ERAD activity of fkh-9 loss-of-function mutants is accompanied by a diminished capacity to degrade cytosolic proteasomal substrates and a corresponding increased sensitivity to the proteasomal inhibitor bortezomib. Our data underscore how the balance between ER and cytosolic proteostasis can be influenced by compensatory activation of ERAD during the physiological ER stress of infection and immune activation.
Actores, relaciones estructurales y causalidad en la innovación inclusiva: un caso de telemedicina en México
Authors: Martínez Nayeli , Dutrénit Gabriela , Gras Natalia , Tecuanhuey Eva
Published: October 2018

El análisis de la innovación inclusiva ha cobrado cada vez mayor importancia en la literatura sobre innovaciones orientadas al desarrollo. Este trabajo se ubica en esta discusión y analiza cómo la generación de productos y servicios innovadores puede convertirse en una solución a problemas de exclusión social. La metodología combina el estudio de caso con el análisis estructural-causal. El caso estudiado es un proyecto de telemedicina en México. Mediante la identificación de actores y factores/hechos determinantes de este tipo de innovaciones se extraen y estilizan las relaciones estructurales-causales detrás de la generación de una innovación de productos inclusivos. La evidencia sugiere que las innovaciones inclusivas, en países en desarrollo, dependen del financiamiento público y requieren de la interacción sistémica de múltiples actores sociales, en los que el aprendizaje interactivo es una condición necesaria pero no suficiente para la generación y sostenibilidad de estas innovaciones. Se argumenta que una traba importante es la falta de incentivos económicos para las empresas, para que la política pública sea una herramienta que permita articular intereses público-privados. Asimismo, la falta de visión de los actores involucrados puede frenar los resultados inclusivos, desperdiciando recursos y capacidades generadas por proyectos piloto.
Principais riscos do processo de desenvolvimento em biotecnologia
Authors: Carneiro Rudhi Colombaroli , Gomes Salgado Eduardo , Silva Pereira Aline Aparecida , Duarte Alvarenga Augusto
Published: October 2018

A biotecnologia é um setor que atua diretamente na evolução tecnológica de diversos setores. Devido à multidisciplinaridade de sua base de conhecimento, a confiança tem sido considerada como um dos instrumentos vitais para os processos de inovação e desenvolvimento de novos produtos mediante o alto grau de competitividade entre as empresas e a variedade de produtos lançados diariamente no mercado. Assim, é necessária uma aprofundada discussão para identificar os potenciais riscos e sua influência no sucesso do desenvolvimento de novos produtos, fornecendo informações confiáveis para os tomadores de decisão de empresas de biotecnologia que atuam com inovações e proporcionando o desenvolvimento de estratégias de gestão. O presente trabalho tem como finalidade investigar quais os principais riscos no processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos em empresas de biotecnologia; para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura para identificar os principais riscos encontrados pelas empresas de biotecnologia durante o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. A partir do levantamento desses indicadores, foi elaborado um questionário semiestruturado e encaminhado a especialistas da área no intuito de avaliar as prioridades dos especialistas quanto ao desenvolvimento de produtos. Para a seleção e atribuição de pesos, foi utilizado como ferramenta de tomada de decisão multicriterial o método americano Analytic Hierarchy Process. Os dados coletados foram tratados para a construção hierárquica dos riscos. Como principais resultados, obteve-se que os riscos de maior importância, segundo o julgamento dos especialistas, foi o de mercado (24,51%), seguido por recursos humanos (23,51%) e suprimentos (16,29%). O julgado com menos importância foi o risco de produção (9,99%), o risco financeiro em quarto lugar (13,27%) e o risco de requisitos do produto em quinto (12,47%).
The Impact of Depopulation for Changes in the Network of General Education Schools
Authors: Baranauskienė Viktorija , Daugirdas Vidmantas
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the research was to reveal the impact of depopulation for changes in the network of general education schools in problem regions in Lithuania. The topic of the research – problem regions of Lithuania which include 22 sparsely populated municipalities (hereafter – the SPM) where a rural population density does not exceed 12,5 inh/km2.
During the research, it was established that depopulation, decreasing population and number of school students affects the degradation of the network of general education schools. This is especially obvious in SPM, where the number of population is decreasing fast: 2001–2017 the number of population in the country decreased by 18 %, in SPM – 28 %; 2001–2016 the number of general education schools in country decreased by 49 %, in SPM – 62 %. This trend is especially striking in Northern East and Southern municipalities of Lithuania which are attributable to problem regions due to the growing social and spatial exclusion. There are no assumptions about the change in the demographic situation in the near future and this means that the network of schools will continue to decrease, only schools in bigger settlements of administrative centers of municipalities have more chances to remain. In order to at least stop the disappearance of the network of general education schools in SPM, there should be reduced requirements for rural schools (lower number of school students in classes, lower obligatory workload for teachers, supplements to salary for teacher etc.), the reorganization of schools should be more deliberate, etc.
Combining Theory and Practice in the Professional Preparation of Future Special Educators – the Perspective of Students
Authors: Baraniewicz Danuta , Gołąbek Jonak Patrycja
Published: October 2018

The theoretical part of article contains observations on contemporary challenges facing modern schools and a modern educator/teacher. The specific character of future special educator training at the Institute of Special Education of the Pedagogical University in Cracow were presented. The authors shared the findings of their own research on realization of curriculum and expectations of students towards academic education, with particular emphasis on the role of practical teaching.
Experience of Implementation of the Integrated Assistance Model in Providing Assistance to the Child
Authors: Indrašienė Valdonė , Jegelevičienė Violeta , Merfeldaitė Odeta , Railienė Asta
Published: October 2018

The article analyses the pedagogues’ experience in applying the model of integrated assistance to the child in school. The research involved 15 teachers responsible for coordination of the assistance to a specific child; the teachers represented three Lithuanian schools which have implemented the developed model. The pedagogues, as case coordinators, recorded the experience of implementation of the integrated assistance model in schools in their reflections. They’ve written down the reflections once per week in the form of a semi-structural electronic pedagogical diary. According to the analysis of the research data, in applying the integrated assistance model one of the major changes is the change in the learning motivation. The changes in learning motivation are related to changes in pupils’ learning outcomes, their involvement in the learning process, and school attendance. Pursuant to the research, self-esteem building is especially important for personality changes in children, and this ensured the increase of self-confidence. Improved relations between the child and his/her family and between the teachers and pupils were noticed in the relationship with the others. It is to be assumed that coordination of common actions of children, parents, teachers and other concerned assistance institutions had impact on the occurrence of these changes, as well as individualization of the assistance and anticipation of personal responsibility for a specific case management.
The Employment of Verbal and Visual Information for 3rd Grade Deaf Students in Arithmetic Story Problem Solving
Authors: Grabauskienė Vaiva , Zabulionytė Ada
Published: October 2018

The scientific studies have shown that deaf students in comparison to their hearing peers find mathematical word tasks much more difficult to solve. Following this finding, in our article we are discussing how Lithuanian oral/written and Sign languages (LSL) supported by illustrations might assist deaf students solving mathematical word problems.

The analytical part of this article is based on results from a small field survey – deaf students were asked to take math word problems followed by discussions with the same students (performed in LSL) about their (un)success. The following methods have been applied: instrumental case study, written survey, observation, and qualitative content analysis. Due to the specifics of schools for deaf children we have chosen a small sample group consisting of six deaf 3rd grade students.

Study results show that it was quite difficult for deaf students to understand what exactly the mathematical word problem has been asking for. This observation leads to the assumption that it would be useful making wording of math problems shorter and at the same time more friendly to the mindset of the deaf students. On top of that, the wording and written language constructions used in mathematical word tasks should be at the level of overall language comprehension of deaf students at that age level. This approach would lead to more rational teaching strategies to be used for deaf students - enabling them to recognize the key message in the task by separating it from the less important secondary information. The results also show that deaf students very rarely use illustrations as a supporting tool while resolving mathematical word tasks (though it might be some exceptions if students are asked to solve tasks that are more complex). This observation supports the idea, that it would be useful to apply proper illustrations helping to enhance the understanding and strengthen the ability to overcome the low comprehension of verbal information. In that case, the key objective in teaching deaf students would be in how to extract the required mathematical information from the illustrations presented and connect it with the word task itself. It has been noticed also that deaf students usually ask for help and support in Lithuanian Sign language. This underlines the importance of having the teacher able to communicate in their preferable way (using LSL) on a constant basis.
A Teacher of Technological Education in Lithuania, Great Britain and Finland. What is She Like?
Authors: Žygaitienė Birutė , Buivydaitė Evelina
Published: October 2018

The aim of the article is to compare the curricular of technology education and requirements for a technology education teacher in the analysed countries. The following conclusions have been made:

1. The conceptions of technological education in Lithuania, Great Britain and Finland are closely related to the aspects of integrity with other study subjects and the aim to prepare learners for successful adaptation in society. During lessons of technologies in Lithuania the modules of nutrition, textile, constructive materials, electronics and design are learnt. The lessons of design and technologies in Great Britain include innovative project learning of digital and engineering technologies and school learners study textile, constructive materials, design and nutrition.

During lessons of household economics in Finland, personal school learners’ qualities are developed while learning modules of nutrition and textile, whereas the subject-specific content of household economics is not emphasised. The aspect of technology modules is highlighted in the lessons of technologies and design and technologies, whereas that of social education is observed in household economics.

2. The requirements imposed on teachers of technological education in the analysed countries include excellent subject-specific, pedagogical and psychological preparation, ability to help school students to build up their value-based attitudes on the basis of the personal value system of an educator and ability to cooperate and work in teams. The research revealed the following differences: Finnish teachers are required to creatively implement curriculum, to be able to ensure tolerance-based education in the multicultural environment and to develop school students’ entrepreneurship skills; implementation of scientific research activities in the process of education and integration of information communication technologies are important to Finnish and Lithuanian teachers. The requirements to teachers in Great Britain are similar to those imposed on teachers in the other analysed countries.
Accessibility and Inclusion in Higher Education: Implementing International Imperatives in National and Institutional Contexts
Authors: Jucevičienė Palmira , Jucevičienė Palmira , Vizgirdaitė Jurgita , Alexander Hanan
Published: October 2018

This paper reports on a capacity-building project in higher education known as DARE (Developing programs for Access of disadvantaged groups of people and Regions to higher Education), as viewed through the lenses of Hanan Alexander’s pedagogy of difference, Uri Bronfenbrenner’sbioecological theory of human development, and Chris Argyris’s concept of action science. The project is funded by the European Commission’s Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency. Following a literature review, the report analyzes data drawn from documents, observations, and focus groups to explore how and why policies addressing accessibility to higher education for disadvantaged groups are implemented in different international contexts. Influenced by international initiatives, DARE has provided material, conceptual, professional, and collegial resources to have an overall positive effect on advancing access to and inclusion in higher education for minorities, students with disabilities, and women. Our analysis of the case found, following Alexander, that there may be common norms, challenges, and reasons why it is desirable to affirm access to and inclusion in HE, but following Bronfenbrenner and Argyris, there are also national and institutional differences that call for distinctive policy initiatives to achieve these aims according to country, region, and individual universities and colleges.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON SOME YIELD COMPONENTS AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT ANISE (Pimpinella anisum L.) POPULATIONS
Authors: SONMEZ Cigdem
Published: October 2018

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of phosphorus treatments on yield and quality traits of

three anise populations with different origin under Bornova-Izmir conditions in 2016 and 2017. Phosphorus

fertilizer was applied at the rate of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1

to three different anise populations (Turkish,

Spanish and Syrian). Field trials were arranged as split-plot in the Randomized Complete Block design with

three replications. The plant characteristics such as plant height (cm), biomass (kg ha−1

), number of branches,

number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel, seed yield(kg ha-1

), 1000-seed weight (g), essential oil

content (%) and essential oil yield (L ha-1

) were measured. It was found that the highest number of seeds per

umbel, 1000-seed weight and essential oil content were obtained from the 60 kg ha-1 phosphorus application. 