bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐guided thermal ablation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Zhiguang , Zhang Wei , He Wen
Published: December 2022

Objective

Thyroidectomy is the first‐line treatment for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), but often involves aggressive overtreatment. Thermal ablation (TA) has been gradually used for the treatment of recurrent PTMC. However, it is not recommended for the treatment of primary PTMC according to the Korean and Italian guidelines. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to analyse the indications, efficacy, and safety of TA in the treatment of PTMC.

Design

Systematic review.

Patients and Measurements

A search strategy was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. A total of 27 articles were included in this study until January 2022.

Results

According to current guidelines and studies, we divided the indications of TA for PTMC into six primary and three secondary indications. Laser ablation (LA) has the advantages of a small needle, accurate output energy and precision ablation, and it is safe to important organs around the lesion. The patients recover quickly after radiofrequency ablation (RFA), with no major complications, recurrence, or lymph node metastasis. The volume reduction rate after RFA was the highest, followed by microwave ablation and LA, and the improvement in patient quality of life after TA was significantly better than after thyroidectomy.

Conclusions

TA is an effective alternative method for surgery in the treatment of low‐risk PTMC and has the advantages of being minimally invasive, economical, having less bleeding and having a high postoperative quality of life.
A deep ensemble network model for classifying and predicting breast cancer
Authors: Subramanian Arul Antran Vijay , Venugopal Jothi Prakash
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. In most cases, the misinterpretation of medical diagnosis plays a vital role in increased fatality rates due to breast cancer. Breast cancer can be diagnosed by classifying tumors. There are two different types of tumors, such as malignant and benign tumors. Identifying the type of tumor is a tedious task, even for experts. Hence, an automated diagnosis is necessary. The role of machine learning in medical diagnosis is eminent as it provides more accurate results in classifying and predicting diseases. In this paper, we propose a deep ensemble network (DEN) method for classifying and predicting breast cancer. This method uses a stacked convolutional neural network, artificial neural network and recurrent neural network as the base classifiers in the ensemble. The random forest algorithm is used as the meta‐learner for providing the final prediction. Experimental results show that the proposed DEN technique outperforms all the existing approaches in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F‐score and area under the curve (AUC) measures. The analysis of variance test proves that the proposed DEN model is statistically more significant than the other existing classification models; thus, the proposed approach may aid in the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in women, hence aiding in the development of early treatment techniques to increase survival rate.
Digital Module 30: Validity and Educational Testing: Purposes and Uses of Educational Tests
Authors: Lewis Jennifer , Sireci Stephen G.
Published: December 2022

This module is designed for educators, educational researchers, and psychometricians who would like to develop an understanding of the basic concepts of validity theory, test validation, and documenting a “validity argument.” It also describes how an in‐depth understanding of the purposes and uses of educational tests sets the foundation for validation. We describe the benefits and limitations of educational tests, the concept of validity and why it is important, and the types of validity evidence that should be used to support the use of a test for a particular purpose. We also discuss the need for assessment programs to provide such evidence and how it should be interpreted and documented to use educational assessments to best serve education.
Does the ketogenic ratio matter when using ketogenic diet therapy in pediatric epilepsy?
Authors: Sharma Suvasini , Whitney Robyn , Kossoff Eric H. , RamachandranNair Rajesh
Published: December 2022

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a widely used therapeutic option for individuals with medically refractory epilepsy. As the diet's name implies, ketosis is a historically important component of the diet, but it is not well understood how important ketosis is for seizure control. The ketogenic ratio is defined as the ratio of fat to carbohydrate plus protein by weight in the diet (grams). Traditionally, the classic KD contains a 4:1 ratio, and a very high proportion of fat in the diet. The classic KD, with its high proportion of fat and limited carbohydrate intake can be restrictive for patients with epilepsy. Recently, there is experience with use of lower ketogenic ratios and less‐restrictive diets such as the modified Atkins diet and the low glycemic index treatment. In this narrative review, we examine the role of ketosis and ketogenic ratios in determining the efficacy of the KD in children with epilepsy.
Particulate matter 2.5 induces the skin barrier dysfunction and cutaneous inflammation via AhR‐ and T helper 17 cell‐related genes in human skin tissue as identified via transcriptome analysis
Authors: Kim Han Bi , Choi Min Gyu , Chung Bo Young , Um Ji Young , Kim Jin Cheol , Park Chun Wook , Kim Hye One
Published: December 2022

Particulate matter (PM2.5) is an environmental pollutant causing skin inflammatory diseases via epidermal barrier damage. However, the mechanism and related gene expression induced by PM2.5 remains unclear. Our aim was to determine the effect of PM2.5 on human skin tissue ex vivo, and elucidate the mechanism of T helper 17 cell‐related inflammatory cytokine and skin barrier function. We verified the expression levels of gene in PM2.5‐treated human skin tissue using Quantseq (3′ mRNA‐Seq), and Gene Ontology (GO) terms and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed. The PM2.5 treatment significantly enhanced the expression of Th 1, 2, 17 and 22 cell‐related genes (cut‐off value: │1.2 │ > fold change and p < 0.05). Most of all, Th17 cell‐related genes are upregulated and those genes are associated with skin epidermal barrier function and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a xenobiotic receptor, pathway. In human keratinocyte cell lines, AhR‐regulated genes (e.g. AhRR, CYP1A1, IL6 and IL36G), Th17 cell‐related genes (e.g. IL17C) and epidermal barrier–related genes (e.g. SPRR2A and KRT71) are significantly increased after PM2.5. In the protein level, the secretion of IL‐6 and IL‐36G was increased in human skin tissue following PM2.5 treatment, and the expression of SPRR2A and KRT71 was significantly increased. PM2.5 exposure could ruin the skin epidermal barrier function via AhR‐ and Th17 cell‐related inflammatory pathway.
Distinct glycoconjugate cell surface structures make the pelagic diatom Thalassiosira rotula an attractive habitat for bacteria
Authors: Tran Quoc Den , Neu Thomas R. , Sultana Sabiha , Giebel Helge‐A. , Simon Meinhard , Billerbeck Sara
Published: December 2022

Interactions between marine diatoms and bacteria have been studied for decades. However, the visualization of physical interactions between these diatoms and their colonizers is still limited. To enhance our understanding of these specific interactions, a new Thalassiosira rotula isolate from the North Sea (strain 8673) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after staining with fluorescently labeled lectins targeting specific glycoconjugates. To investigate defined interactions of this strain with bacteria the new strain was made axenic and co‐cultivated with a natural bacterial community and in two‐ or three‐partner consortia with different bacteria of the Roseobacter group, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The CLSM analysis of the consortia identified six out of 78 different lectins as very suitable to characterize glycoconjugates of T. rotula. The resulting images show that fucose‐containing threads were the dominant glycoconjugates secreted by the T. rotula cells but chitin and to a lesser extent other glycoconjugates were also identified. Bacteria attached predominantly to the fucose glycoconjugates. The colonizing bacteria showed various attachment patterns such as adhering to the diatom threads in aggregates only or attaching to both the surfaces and the threads of the diatom. Interestingly the colonization patterns of single bacteria differed strikingly from those of bacterial co‐cultures, indicating that interactions between two bacterial species impacted the colonization of the diatom. Our observations help to better understand physical interactions and specific colonization patterns of distinct bacterial mono‐ and co‐cultures with an abundant diatom of costal seas.
Promotion of physical activity after hospitalization for COPD exacerbation: Aids and barriers
Authors: Boutou Afroditi , Konstantinidou Maria , Rampiadou Christina
Published: December 2022

See related Reply
Perception of safety in Public Transport in Brazil
Authors: De Souza Oliveira Elenice , Figueiredo Alves da Silva Braulio , Raissa Silva Pietra , Marcela Ardila Pinto Ana , Dilly Generoso Macedo Elisa
Published: December 2022

This current study examines the perception of safety on the public bus transit system in a large Brazilian metropolis. Using a web-based survey, the study reached a convenient sample of bus users of a local university who were victims and witnesses to crime in two different types of local bus transit environments - the BRT MOVE - a modern bus system and its opposing counterpart - the conventional bus system. Research questions investigate whether or not riders’ perception of safety is influenced by the presence of mechanisms of control and surveillance on buses. Using a linear regression model, this study hypothesizes that the perception of safety among victims and/or witnesses to crime varies according to exposure to risk in different bus transit systems. Limitations of the results were addressed and reliability and validity issues were reviewed. This study demonstrates the relevance of different types of risk factors on riders’ perception of safety on buses, bus stops, and stations. This contributes to widening the range of public transit safety solutions in Brazil.
Jet Mixing of Two Liquids
Authors: Folsom R. G. , Ferguson C. K.
Published: December 2022

The problem of mixing or blending in a tank of two or more liquids of low viscosity and the same density has been investigated in terms of available information on turbulent fluid jets discharging into a very large volume. Under the assumption that all fluid inducted into the jet is mixed completely, the effectiveness of any arrangement has been expressed in terms of a performance parameter which is defined as the gallons per minute of fluid inducted per horsepower supplied. The calculated results for a large gasoline-blending tank demonstrate the superiority of performance of the propeller-type mixer over typical jets produced with transfer-pump and pipe-line equipment. The economics of the installation and operation of equipment were not included.
Mechanics of Formation of the Discontinuous Chip in Metal Cutting
Authors: Field Michael , Merchant M. E.
Published: December 2022

The geometry, mechanics of formation, and plasticity conditions for the “continuous” type of chip have been analyzed in detail as a result of previous research. The present paper formulates a similar analysis of the “discontinuous” type of chip. In this type of chip formation, segments are formed by rupture which occurs intermittently on the shear plane as the cutting tool progresses. As the tool advances into the cut immediately following rupture of a segment, the metal is first deformed plastically and the angle of shear is large. Rupture is prevented during this stage by the fact that the compressive stress on the shear plane is high enough to permit the metal to undergo considerable shearing strain without fracture. As the tool progresses, the shear angle falls until the compressive stress becomes sufficiently low (or the shearing strain becomes sufficiently high) to permit fracture. The cycle then repeats.
Cyclic Heating Test of Main Steam Piping Joints Between Ferritic and Austenitic Steels—Sewaren Generating Station
Authors: Weisberg H.
Published: December 2022

A cyclic heating test of several full-size heavy-wall pipe joints between austenitic and ferritic steels is described. It is concluded that sound welded joints can be made between these dissimilar materials and that such joints will withstand the effects of temperature changes which may be expected to occur in modern power-plant service.
Heat Transfer to Liquid Metals Flowing in Asymmetrically Heated Channels
Authors: Harrison W. B. , Menke J. R.
Published: December 2022

This paper is a brief extension utilizing basic ideas presented in an earlier paper by R. C. Martinelli (1). Heat transfer to a fluid in turbulent flow between two plane parallel walls is discussed for the case of an asymmetrically heated system in which the entire heat flux is transferred at one of the walls and no heat passes through the other. An annulus for which the ratio of diameters approaches unity may approximate this case in the limit. A few remarks are made regarding experiments which might yield information on the variation of eddy diffusivity near the center line of a channel, and a method is presented for predicting heat-transfer coefficients for asymmetrical heat-transfer systems. Since the same assumptions used by Martinelli are applied in this paper, and since the treatment is similar, this work is considered as an extension only, and it is expected that the reader should have a working knowledge of Martinelli’s paper in order to follow the ideas presented here.
A Ventilated Thermal-Insulation Structure for High-Temperature Marine Power Plants
Authors: London A. L. , Garbett C. R.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a method of design for a ventilated thermal-insulation structure suitable for high-temperature marine power plants. Such a structure is of substantially smaller thickness than the conventional type when designed for the same heat leak to the machinery space. This reduction, however, is obtained at the expense of increased heat leak from the thermodynamic working substance. Nevertheless, the cost in terms of plant fuel consumption may not be excessive. The ventilating air, which carries away the greater portion of the energy, is shown to have moderate requirements of flow rate, number of ducts, and blower power. The conclusions of the analysis are supported by some preliminary test results.
External Corrosion of Furnace-Wall Tubes—III Further Data on Sulphate Deposits and the Significance of Iron Sulphide Deposits
Authors: Corey R. C. , Grabowski H. A. , Cross B. J.
Published: December 2022

Extended studies of the mechanism of external corrosion of furnace-wall tubes of high-capacity slag-tap furnaces, which were begun in 1942 by the Bureau of Mines in co-operation with the Combustion Engineering Company, have shown that liquid alkali-metal pyrosulphates can be formed under operating conditions from deposits of alkali-metal sulphates on the tubes. The rate of attack will be considerably higher than when the alkali-metal sulphates, or “enamel” deposits, do not form a liquid phase, which was described in a previous paper of this series. The phase boundaries for three compositions of alkali-metal sulphates in the system M2SO4–SO3 have been established. The conditions for the thermal decomposition of coal ash, leading to the formation of the SO3 necessary for the corrosion process, have been determined. Alkali-metal sulphate deposits on furnace tubes are believed to result from volatilization of alkalies in the coal, which condense as corresponding oxides on the tubes and then convert to sulphates by reaction with SO3 in the furnace atmosphere. Furnace-wall-tube attack, associated with deposits consisting mainly of FeS, is believed to be related to the deposition of pyrites on the tubes. The pyrites, originating from coarse coal, or coal that is poorly distributed in the burners, with respect to size, adheres to previously formed deposits of alkali-metal sulphates, oxidizes relatively slowly to FeS and Fe3O4, and thereby produces sufficient SO3 to react with the alkali-metal sulphates and the oxide on the metal. The net effect is to cause corrosion by the same processes that have been ascribed to corrosion by the alkali-metal-sulphate type of deposit. The relationship between the results obtained in the laboratory, and observations of furnaces before and after preventive measures have been applied, is described.
Airplane Quieting II—Specification of Acceptable Noise Levels
Authors: Beranek L. L.
Published: December 2022

A procedure for determining the effect of aircraft noise on the ability of passengers to converse during flight is presented. Account is taken of the distance apart of the talker and listener, of the voice intensity (i.e. loud talking, shouting, etc.), and of the character of the noise in the cabin. Experimental data are given to confirm the validity of the method. A “speech-interference level” is defined as the arithmetic average of the levels in the three octave bands between 600 and 4800 cycles per sec. Maximum values of speech-interference levels for which satisfactory speech intelligibility is obtained are given.
IV—Vapor Pressure, Specific Volume, p-v-T Data for H2, N2, O2, CO, CO2, Air, He, A, Hg
Authors: Gratch Serge
Published: December 2022

Accurate p-v-T data are available for the pure gases H2, N2, He, and A, from very low temperatures to about 400 C; for O2 from −152 to 100 C; for CO from −70 to 200 C; for CO2 from 0 to 150 C; for air from −145 to 200 C. For Hg, p-v-T data are practically nonexistent. With the exception of the systems N2-H2 and N2-CH4, p-v-T data for mixtures of the gases here considered are quite incomplete and certainly inadequate for accurate practical applications. Adequate vapor-pressure data are available for all the pure gases here considered, but not for their mixtures. The theory of gas properties has been developed sufficiently to be useful for formulation and reasonable extrapolation of existing data; however, present theory is inadequate for reliable a priori calculation of gas properties, except for the simplest molecules.
VII—A Summary of Experimental Determinations of Joule-Thomson Effects in Gases
Authors: Johnston H. L. , White David
Published: December 2022

A record is given of work on temperature effects which accompany the free expansion of gases from the classic experiments of Joule and Thomson in 1852-1862, down to present time. For purposes of summarizing present knowledge of Joule-Thomson data, more detailed information, which has been published since 1920, is included. Reliable methods are now available for the derivation of data of this character, which are of practical value in the thermodynamic treatment of gases under pressure. These are described briefly.
Condensation on Six Finned Tubes in a Vertical Row
Authors: Katz D. L. , Geist J. M.
Published: December 2022

Condensing heat-transfer coefficients for Freon-12, n-butane, acetone, and water were obtained for six horizontal finned tubes in a vertical row. The over-all heat-transfer coefficients were measured for each tube at a series of water velocities and were plotted by the method of Wilson to obtain the condensing coefficients. The differences between experimental and predicted coefficients for the top tube were less than 14 per cent, and the average condensing coefficient for the six tubes was less than 10 per cent below that for the top tube. The finned surface was entirely effective for condensation even for organic liquids having a tendency to be retained by the fins under static conditions.
Limitations and Mathematical Basis for Predicting Aircraft Icing Characteristics From Scale-Model Studies
Authors: Tribus Myron , Young G. B. W. , Boelter L. M. K.
Published: December 2022

The equations governing the motions of a water droplet impinging on an aerodynamic shape are discussed in detail and lead to two dimensionless moduli, one the Reynolds modulus of the droplet and the other a scale modulus. The data of Langmuir and Blodgett are shown replotted according to these parameters. The application of these equations to the problem of model studies atop Mount Washington indicates that scale models should be 3 to 4 times larger than the prototype if dimensional similarity is to be retained. The application to wind-tunnel studies indicates the importance of having the spray apparatus sufficiently far upstream and also of having the model well back in the throat of the tunnel, downstream from the venturi inlet.
Anisotropic Mechanical Response of Bovine Pericardium Membrane Through Bulge Test and In-Situ Confocal-Laser Scanning
Authors: D'Andrea Luca , Cardamone Maddalena , Bogoni Francesca , Forzinetti Elisa , Enei Viviana , Valle Francesco , Giordano Giovanni , Gastaldi Dario , Vena Pasquale
Published: December 2022

In this work, we present a new experimental setup for the assessment of the anisotropic properties of Bovine Pericardium (BP) membranes. The chemically fixed BP samples have been subjected to a bulge test with in situ confocal laser scanning at increasing applied pressure. The high resolution topography provided by the confocal laser scanning has allowed to obtain a quantitative measure of the bulge displacement; after polynomial fitting, principal curvatures have been obtained and a degree of anisotropy (DA) has been defined as the normalized difference between the maximum and minimum principal curvatures. The experiments performed on the BP membranes have allowed us to obtain pressure-displacement data which clearly exhibit distinct principal curvatures indicating an anisotropic response. A comparison with curvatures data obtained on isotropic Nitrile Buthadiene Rubber (NBR) samples has confirmed the effectiveness of the experimental setup for this specific purpose. Numerical simulations of the bulge tests have been performed with the purpose of identifying a range of constitutive parameters which well describes the obtained range of DA on the BP membranes. The DA values have been partially validated with biaxial tests available in literature and with suitably performed uni-axial tensile tests.
Coupling Phenomenon Between Fugitive Dust and High-Temperature Tail Gas: A Thermal Infrared Signature Study
Authors: Xu Zhendao , Han Yuge , Ren Dengfeng
Published: December 2022

Fugitive dust, a physical factor commonly encountered in battle, would interact with the tail gas of armored vehicles during the diffusion process to affect infrared characteristics of tail gas and infrared detection probability of vehicles. However, limited information exists regarding the impacts of fugitive dust on infrared signature of tail gas. The gas-solid two-phase coupled flow and thermal infrared transport model was developed to comprehensively study the infrared characteristics of coupling phenomenon between dynamic dust and high-temperature tail gas, which considers the gas-solid coupled flow and heat transfer as well as the particle emission and scattering. The characteristics of coupled infrared caused by vehicle-induced dust were studied, along with the effects of particle physical parameters (i.e., particle size and concentration) on coupled infrared and the intrinsic mechanisms. Additionally, validation experiment was performed to validate the findings in the simulation results. The results show that (1) the coupling phenomenon can significantly enhance the infrared brightness and detection area of tail gas, especially in the 8–14 μm waveband; (2) the coupling phenomenon has different effects on the infrared signature of exhaust gas in different wavebands owing to the different proportions of particle radiation and gas radiation in the total radiation in different wavebands; and (3) the sensitivity of coupled infrared to particle size parameters and concentration parameters is also different, which is related to the spectral radiative physical parameters of dust particle components.
Wear and Friction Mechanism of Stainless Steel 420 Under Various Lubrication Conditions: A Tribological Assessment With Ball on Flat Test
Authors: Gupta Munish Kumar , Demirsöz Recep , Korkmaz Mehmet Erdi , Ross Nimel Sworna
Published: December 2022

The application of stainless steel 420 is noted in various industrial sectors such as aerospace, automobile etc. However, the wear mechanism of stainless steel 420 is greatly affected by the use of 100Cr6 balls due to the adhesion and abrasion mechanism generated between the contact surfaces. In this work, the ball-on-flat experiments were performed on stainless steel-420 versus 100cr6 friction pairs under dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and pool conditions. Then, the wear studies in terms of volume loss, profile tracks, micrographs, coefficient of friction, etc. were performed. The results demonstrated that the MQL and pool conditions help to improve the tribological properties of stainless steel 420 alloy against 100Cr6 ball.
Synthetic mucus for an ex vivo phonation setup: Creation, application, and effect on excised porcine larynges
Authors: Peters Gregor , Jakubaß Bernhard , Weidenfeller Katrin , Kniesburges Stefan , Böhringer David , Wendler Olaf , Mueller Sarina K. , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste , Berry David A. , Döllinger Michael , Semmler Marion
Published: December 2022

Laryngeal mucus hydrates and lubricates the deformable tissue of the vocal folds and acts as a boundary layer with the airflow from the lungs. However, the effects of the mucus' viscoelasticity on phonation remain widely unknown and mucus has not yet been established in experimental procedures of voice research. In this study, four synthetic mucus samples were created on the basis of xanthan with focus on physiological frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties, which cover viscosities and elasticities over 2 orders of magnitude. An established ex vivo experimental setup was expanded by a reproducible and controllable application method of synthetic mucus. The application method and the suitability of the synthetic mucus samples were successfully verified by fluorescence evidence on the vocal folds even after oscillation experiments. Subsequently, the impact of mucus viscoelasticity on the oscillatory dynamics of the vocal folds, the subglottal pressure, and acoustic signal was investigated with 24 porcine larynges (2304 datasets). Despite the large differences of viscoelasticity, the phonatory characteristics remained stable with only minor statistically significant differences. Overall, this study increased the level of realism in the experimental setup for replication of the phonatory process enabling further research on pathological mucus and exploration of therapeutic options.
Unambiguous broadband direction of arrival estimation based on improved extended frequency-difference method
Authors: Wang Xin , Sun Hui , Zhang Liang , Dong Chao-ping , Guo Long-xiang
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we consider the problem of bearing ambiguity in the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation due to spatial aliasing when the minimum wavelength of the processing broadband signal is less than the element spacing of a uniform linear array (ULA). First, an extended frequency-difference (FD) method is presented. Unlike the existing FD methods, the extended FD signal is constructed by conjugate multiplying a diagonal matrix consisting of steering vectors at high frequency and pre-processing direction with the array sampled signal matrix at low frequency. Then, this paper establishes a decision criterion for distinguishing the aliasing component that varies linearly with frequency in the extended FD space. Finally, an unambiguous broadband DOA estimation method is achieved by suppressing spatial aliasing in the extended FD space. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in low signal-to-noise ratio, low signal-to-interference ratio, and multi-interference conditions. The unambiguous processing ability of the proposed method is further verified in the South China Sea using ship signals in the frequency band of 200 to 700 Hz and a 10-element ULA with a 6.25 m spacing deployed on the seabed.
Gut bugs on drugs
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: December 2022

Targeting the effects of cocaine on the gut microbiome may be a way to treat addiction.
In Vitro
Activity of a Hypochlorous Acid-Generating Electrochemical Bandage against Yeast Biofilms
Authors: Kletzer Joseph , Raval Yash S. , Mohamed Abdelrhman , Mandrekar Jayawant N. , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Beyenal Haluk , Patel Robin
Published: December 2022

The antibiofilm activity of a hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-producing electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) was assessed against 14 yeast isolates
in vitro
. The evaluated e-bandage was polarized at +1.5 V
Ag/AgCl
to allow continuous production of HOCl.
Multicenter Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert GBS LB XC Test
Authors: Thwe Phyu M. , Faron Matthew L. , Pride David T. , Cruz Amorina , Gerstbrein Derek , Nahmod Karen A. , Bigham Lindsay , Du Xiaotang , Lu Xixi , Moya Stephanie , Ren Ping
Published: December 2022

Early-onset neonatal sepsis due to
Streptococcus agalactiae
(group B
Streptococcus
[GBS]) infection is one of the leading causes of newborn mortality and morbidity. The latest guidelines published in 2019 recommended universal screening of GBS colonization among all pregnant women and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for positive GBS.
Seneca Valley Virus Enters PK-15 Cells via Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis and Macropinocytosis Dependent on Low-pH, Dynamin, Rab5, and Rab7
Authors: Hou Lei , Tong Xinxin , Pan Yang , Shi Ruihan , Liu Changzhe , Guo Jinshuo , Shi Yongyan , Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Yong , Feng Xufei , Zhou Jianwei , Liu Jue
Published: December 2022

Entry of virus into cells represents the initiation of a successful infection. As an emerging pathogen of porcine vesicular disease, clarification of the process of SVV entry into cells enables us to better understand the viral life cycle and pathogenesis.
Genomic Insights into the Increased Occurrence of Campylobacteriosis Caused by Antimicrobial-Resistant Campylobacter coli
Authors: Zhang Penghang , Zhang Xiaoai , Liu Yuzhu , Cui Qingpo , Qin Xiaoxia , Niu Yanlin , Wang Chao , Wang TongYu , Chen Qian , Ding Shuangyang , Ma Xiaochen , Shen Zhangqi
Published: December 2022

The proportion of campylobacteriosis caused by
C. coli
is increasing rapidly in China. Coincidentally, the dominant species of
Campylobacter
occurring in poultry products has shifted from
C. jejuni
to
C. coli
.
Reconfiguring the Challenge of Biological Complexity as a Resource for Biodesign
Authors: Szymanski Erika Amethyst , Henriksen James
Published: December 2022

Biological complexity is widely seen as the central, intractable challenge of engineering biology. Yet this challenge has been constructed through the field’s dominant metaphors.
Supplemental Material: Orbital and sub-orbital pacing of mudstones in the Dongying Depression, eastern China: Implications for middle Eocene East Asian climate evolution
Authors: Kong Xiangxin , al. et
Published: December 2022

Figure S1: A-CN-K ternary diagram for the Dongying mudstones (modified after Fedo et al., 1995). Figure S2: Regional correlation of nitrogen isotopes.
Supplemental Material: Formation of Eocene–Miocene felsic magmatic rocks along N-S–trending Yardoi-Kongbugang mountain ranges in the eastern Himalaya: New insights into surface uplift and the initiation of E-W extension in southern Tibet
Authors: Fan Jing-Jing , Zhang Xiu-Zheng , et al.
Published: December 2022

S1: Analytical methods. S2: Detailed descriptions of the results of zircon and monazite age dating. S3: Supplementary Figures. S4: Supplementary Tables. Supplemental Dataset.
Supplemental Material: Molybdenum mineralization genetically linked with magmatism at the Shipingchuan deposit, SE China
Authors: Li Yan-Jun , al. et
Published: December 2022

Text: Analytical Methods. Figure S1: Field photographs of molybdenite-quartz veins, ores, and hydrothermal alteration in the Shipingchuan Mo district. Figure S2: Paragenetic sequence of the Shipingchuan Mo deposit. Figure S3: Representative LA-ICP-MS time-resolved spectra for PyI and PyII at Shipingchuan. Table S1: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data for the biotite K-feldspar granite and monzogranite porphyry dike at Shipingchuan. Table S2: Electron microprobe compositions of PyI and PyII from the Shipingchuan Mo deposit. Table S3: LA-ICP-MS compositions of PyI and PyII from the Shipingchuan Mo deposit.
Erratum to: Several Articles in JETP Letters
Authors: Nizamov B. A. , Pshirkov M. S. , Maydykovskiy A. I. , Mamonov E. A. , Mitetelo N. V. , Soria S. , Murzina T. V. , Shvetsov O. O. , Barash Yu. S. , Timonina A. V. , Kolesnikov N. N. , Deviatov E. V. , Volovik G. E. , Glazkova D. A. , Estyunin D. A. , Klimovskikh I. I. , Makarova T. P. , Tereshchenko O. E. , Kokh K. A. , Golyashov V. A. , Koroleva A. V. , Shikin A. M. , Sukhanova E. V. , Kvashnin A. G. , Agamalyan M. A. , Zakaryan H. A. , Popov Z. I. , Lunkin A. V.
Published: December 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364022340057
Erratum to: Theoretical Modeling of High Spin to Low Spin Transition and Structural Stability Under Pressure in CaFeO3
Authors: Shorikov A. O. , Mikheev M. N.
Published: December 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364022370019
Oxford consensus on primary cam morphology and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: part 1—definitions, terminology, taxonomy and imaging outcomes
Authors: Dijkstra H Paul , Mc Auliffe Sean , Ardern Clare L , Kemp Joanne L , Mosler Andrea Britt , Price Amy , Blazey Paul , Richards Dawn , Farooq Abdulaziz , Serner Andreas , McNally Eugene , Mascarenhas Vasco , Willy Richard W , Oke Jason L , Khan Karim M , Glyn-Jones Sion , Clarke Mike , Greenhalgh Trisha
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Primary cam morphology is a mostly benign bony prominence that develops at the femoral head-neck junction of the hip, but it is highly prevalent in many athlete populations. In the small proportion of athletes for whom it is not benign, the resulting hip osteoarthritis can be debilitating. Clinicians, athletes, patients and researchers do not yet agree on important primary cam morphology elements. We aimed to ascertain and improve the level of agreement on primary cam morphology definitions, terminology, taxonomy and imaging outcome measures.

Methods

To collect and aggregate informed opinions, an expert panel—the Young Athlete’s Hip Research Collaborative—rated primary cam morphology definition, terminology, taxonomy and imaging outcome statements through an online Delphi exercise followed by an online meeting to explore areas of tension and dissent. Reporting followed Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies.

Results

A diverse and inclusive Delphi panel (n=65 for rounds 1 and 2, representing 18 countries; 6 stakeholder groups; 40% women) agreed on 35 of 47 statements in 4 domains, while surfacing areas of tension and dissent. This Delphi panel agreed on four key issues essential to moving research and clinical care forward around primary cam morphology. They agreed on: (1) definition, confirming its conceptual attributes (tissue type, size, location, shape and ownership); (2) terminology—use ‘morphology’ and not terms with a negative connotation like ‘lesion’, ‘abnormality’ or ‘deformity’; (3) taxonomy, distinguishing between primary and secondary cam morphology, and (4) imaging outcomes, a continuous bone/cartilage alpha angle on radial femoral head-neck MRI for primary cam morphology aetiology research.

Conclusion

This consensus provides athletes, patients, clinicians and researchers with a strong foundation to guide more precise communication, better clinical decision-making and higher value research about primary cam morphology and its natural history.
Cerebroprotection in the endovascular era: an update
Authors: Schneider Anna M , Regenhardt Robert W , Dmytriw Adam A , Patel Aman B , Hirsch Joshua Adam , Buchan Alastair M
Published: December 2022

Despite advances in clinical diagnosis and increasing numbers of patients eligible for revascularisation, ischaemic stroke remains a significant public health concern accounting for 3.3 million deaths annually. In addition to recanalisation therapy, patient outcomes could be improved through cerebroprotection, but all translational attempts have remained unsuccessful. In this narrative review, we discuss potential reasons for those failures. We then outline the diverse, multicellular effects of ischaemic stroke and the complex temporal sequences of the pathophysiological cascade during and following ischaemia, reperfusion, and recovery. This evidence is linked with findings from prior cerebroprotective trials and interpreted for the modern endovascular era. Future cerebroprotective agents that are multimodal and multicellular, promoting cellular and metabolic health to different targets at time points that are most responsive to treatment, might prove more successful.
Impact of Negative Solar Resistance on DC Microgrid Stability: Virtual Damping Voltage and Current Solar Droop Emulated Controller
Authors: Yadav Mukh Raj , Singh Navdeep
Published: December 2022

The negative solar resistance, is highly dependent on the solar operating point. The system will become sluggish and unstable during low irradiance. It is reported that the impact of negative solar resistance is nullified by parallel impedance emulated condition (PIEC). During low irradiance, the system stability has been moved to an unstable position which is not fully resolved by PIEC. In this paper, a virtual inertia-damping voltage and current solar droop emulated controller is proposed to improve the voltage oscillation profile, inertia problem and damping of the DC microgrid system. In DC microgrids, the inherent inertia from DC capacitors is low, thus affecting the bus voltage oscillation during a reduction of irradiance. The oscillation of the system has been increased due to the equivalent impedance by negative solar resistance at lower irradiance. Oscillation’s issue and voltage instability of the PV system have been enhanced by the inner current controller. In addition, the steady-state error of the PV voltage is minimized by the virtual inertia-damping voltage restoration droop controller with PIEC. Performance analysis and dynamic characteristics are discussed through a pole-zero plot for the various conditions of negative solar resistance using virtual inertia-damping voltage and current Solar Droop Emulated Controller. This paper focuses on stability analysis to strengthen the DC microgrid. The performance of the solar controller with bidirectional converter (BDC) controller has been discussed to verify the power management between the system to manage the power for the unbalanced load.
Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Identify Global and Local Importance Weights of Decision Criteria
Authors: Więckowski Jakub , Kizielewicz Bartłomiej , Paradowski Bartosz , Shekhovtsov Andrii , Sałabun Wojciech
Published: December 2022

One of the main challenges in the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) field is how we can identify criteria weights correctly. However, some MCDA methods do not use an explicitly defined vector of criterion weights, leaving the decision-maker lacking knowledge in this area. This is the motivation for our research because, in that case, a decision-maker cannot indicate a detailed justification for the proposed results. In this paper, we focus on the problem of identifying criterion weights in multi-criteria problems. Based on the proposed Characteristic Object Method (COMET) model, we used linear regression to determine the global and local criterion weights in the given situation. The work was directed toward a practical problem, i.e., evaluating Formula One drivers’ performances in races in the 2021 season. The use of the linear regression model allowed for identifying the criterion weights. Thanks to that, the expert using the system based on the COMET method can be equipped with the missing knowledge about the significance of the criteria. The local identification allowed us to establish how small input parameter changes affect the final result. However, the local weights are still highly correlated with global weights. The proposed approach to identifying weights proved to be an effective tool that can be used to fill in the missing knowledge that the expert can use to justify the results in detail. Moreover, weights identified in that way seem to be more reliable than in the classical approach, where we know only global weights. From the research it can be concluded, that the identified global and local weights importance provide highly similar results, while the former one provides more detailed information for the expert. Furthermore, the proposed approach can be used as a support tool in the practical problem as it guarantees additional data for the decision-maker.
PSA-Cache: A Page-state-aware Cache Scheme for Boosting 3D NAND Flash Performance
Authors: Pang Shujie , Deng Yuhui , Zhang Genxiong , Zhou Yi , Huang Yaoqin , Qin Xiao
Published: December 2022

Garbage collection (GC) plays a pivotal role in the performance of 3D NAND flash memory, where Copyback has been widely used to accelerate valid page migration during GC. Unfortunately, copyback is constrained by the parity symmetry issue: data read from an odd/even page must be written to an odd/even page. After migrating two odd/even consecutive pages, a free page between the two migrated pages will be wasted. Such wasted pages noticeably lower free space on flash memory and cause extra GCs, thereby degrading solid-state-disk (SSD) performance. To address this problem, we propose a page-state-aware cache scheme called
PSA-Cache
, which prevents page waste to boost the performance of NAND Flash-based SSDs. To facilitate making write-back scheduling decisions, PSA-Cache regulates write-back priorities for cached pages according to the state of pages in victim blocks. With high write-back-priority pages written back to flash chips, PSA-Cache effectively fends off page waste by breaking odd/even consecutive pages in subsequent garbage collections. We quantitatively evaluate the performance of PSA-Cache in terms of the number of wasted pages, the number of GCs, and response time. We compare PSA-Cache with two state-of-the-art schemes, GCaR and TTflash, in addition to a baseline scheme LRU. The experimental results unveil that PSA-Cache outperforms the existing schemes. In particular, PSA-Cache curtails the number of wasted pages of GCaR and TTflash by 25.7% and 62.1%, respectively. PSA-Cache immensely cuts back the number of GC counts by up to 78.7% with an average of 49.6%. Furthermore, PSA-Cache slashes the average write response time by up to 85.4% with an average of 30.05%.
Unsteady Productivity Prediction for Three-Dimensional Horizontal Well in Anisotropic Reservoir
Authors: Bi Gang , Cui Ying , Wu Jiemin , Ren Zongxiao , Han Fei , Wang Xin , Li Mengmeng
Published: December 2022

The reservoir anisotropy, perforating skin, and the compressibility of rock and fluids are important factors affecting horizontal well productivity. In this research, the finite volume method is adopted to develop a three-dimensional unsteady productivity prediction model for horizontal wells. An improved Peaceman well model is used to predict the productivity of horizontal wells. The influence of parameters, including the plane anisotropy, horizontal well length, and perforation skin on productivity were studied and the production law for horizontal wells was further analyzed. The accuracy of the model is verified by CMG reservoir simulation software. The following conclusions are obtained from study: first, the speed of pressure propagation in homogeneous and isotropic reservoir is faster than the anisotropic reservoir. Second, the flow rate of the horizontal well is U-shaped along the horizontal wellbore, and the contribution of perforation sections at both ends of horizontal wells to the total production is greater than that in the middle of horizontal wells. With the continuous production, the contribution of perforation sections at both ends gradually increases. Third, the accumulative production of a horizontal well increases with an increase in rock compressibility. The main reason is that with the increase of the elastic energy in reservoir, the accumulative production of the horizontal well under the same conditions gets higher. The proposed model can be used to predict pressure and production distribution for horizontal well in anisotropic reservoirs.
Evaluation of Mechanical and Durability Properties of Eco-Friendly Concrete Containing Silica Fume, Waste Glass Powder, and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Bameri Mahdi , Rashidi Soroush , Mohammadhasani Mohammad , Maghsoudi Mohammad , Madani Hesam , Rahmani Fereydoun
Published: December 2022

By considering the adverse environmental impacts of the cement manufacturing process, there have been many efforts for cement replacement by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), which can enhance the produced concrete performance while reducing cement consumption. This study evaluated the effects of various proportions of silica fume (SF), waste glass powder (WGP), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The properties evaluated in this study include compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, magnesium sulfate and sulfuric acid attack, surface resistivity, rapid chloride penetrability test (RCPT), water absorption, depth of penetration of water, and microstructure analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, chloride ion penetrability, and water absorption tests showed that adding 5% of SF to mixtures containing 10% WGP or 10% GGBFS improved concrete performance significantly due to packing density and synergistic effect; however, adding 5% of SF to concrete mixtures decreased the resistance against the magnesium sulfate and sulfuric acid attack. The binary mixture of 15% of WGP showed appropriate performance against the magnesium sulfate and sulfuric acid attack, which may be due to the sacrificial nature of WGP. In addition, the binary mixtures of 15% of WGP and 15% of GGBFS reduced the depth of penetration of water by 45%. Microstructure analysis by SEM showed that the presence of SF, along with WGP and GGBFS, improves the packing density. Finally, adding 5% of SF is suggested to improve the properties of concrete mixtures containing WGP and GGBFS.
Vitamin B6 Neonatal Toxicity
Authors: Guala Andrea , Folgori Giulia , Silvestri Micaela , Barbaglia Michelangelo , Danesino Cesare
Published: December 2022

Vitamin B6 is a micronutrient required by the body. It acts as a coenzyme in biochemical reactions. Vitamin B6 toxicity is not caused by the intake of food-based sources. The few reported cases of vitamin B6 toxicity are always caused by overdosing of nutritional supplements. Chronic toxicity typically occurs with peripheral neuropathy such as paraesthesia, ataxia, and imbalance, paradoxically mimicking vitamin B6 deficiency. However, the prognosis is favorable, and symptoms usually show improvement once excessive vitamin B6 levels return to the physiological range. We report a newborn presenting with diffuse tremor at birth, interpreted as secondary to the mother's intake of high doses of a supplement containing vitamin B6 during pregnancy and breastfeeding. As expected, the newborn’s serum levels of vitamin B6 were high. The tremors disappeared when the maternal supplement was stopped.