bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Deformation Behavior of Triaxial Woven Fabric (TWF) Composites with Open Holes
Authors: Zhao QI , Hoa S. V.
Published: August 2003

Thermal deformation behavior of Triaxial Woven Fabric (TWF) composites is modeled herein using Super-Finite-Elements proposed previously. Thermal deformation behavior and Thermal Expansion Coefficients (TECs) of the TWF composites are evaluated. Effects of the aspect ratios and size of the panels on the TECs are studied.
Workload, Job Satisfaction and Perceptions of Role Preparation of Principal Educational Psychologists in England
Authors: Male Dawn B. , Male Trevor
Published: August 2003

This article describes the results of a study which investigated workload, job satisfaction and perceptions of role preparation of Principal Educational Psychologists (PEPs). A questionnaire was sent to all PEPs in England. One hundred and twelve responses were received, giving a 76 percent response rate. Results indicated that PEPs have a generally positive attitude to the profession and express overall job satisfaction. PEPs managing large and/or complex services expressed greater overall job satisfaction and greater satisfaction with role clarity than PEPs managing small and/or compact services. There were indications that less experienced PEPs are more satisfied with aspects of their work than more experienced PEPs and have more positive attitudes to the profession. Less experienced PEPs also felt better prepared for certain aspects of the job. Despite the overall satisfaction, PEPs found the job stressful and were particularly dissatisfied with time constraints relating to administration. PEPs cited funding as a particular challenge to the service and reported feeling particularly ill-prepared for dealing with financial matters. Change, recruitment and retention, and ensuring and maintaining quality were also areas of concern. On the basis of the findings, implications for leadership and management development of PEPs are discussed.
A Review of the Behaviour Assessment System for Children
Authors: Gladman M. , Lancaster S.
Published: August 2003

This article is a review of the Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC), a broadband assessment tool, which is of potential interest to psychologists practicing within education, clinical/counselling and research settings. Designed to measure the behaviours and self perceptions of children from two and a half to 18 years, across both maladaptive and adaptive behaviour, the BASC has several features which makes it the test of choice in particular clinical and research situations. Each of the five main BASC components, including the Structured Developmental History, Parent Rating Scale, Teacher Rating Scale, Self Report of Personality and Student Observation System, is described and evaluated with reference made to the strengths and limitations of each. Where relevant, comparisons are drawn with the Child Behaviour Checklist and Teacher Report Form, and much of the research utilizing the BASC to date is summarized. Information regarding the test's psychometric properties, test development, administration and scoring is also presented. Overall, it seems that the BASC is a comprehensive and psychometrically sound assessment tool with much to offer psychologists working with children and adolescents.
The Initial Development of an Instrument for the Evaluation of Guidance and Counselling Services in Schools
Authors: Luk-Fong Yuk Yee Pattie , Lung Ching Leung
Published: August 2003

This article describes the initial development of a 45-item self-administered questionnaire/instrument for the evaluation of guidance services in schools. Three domains are tapped in the questionnaire: namely, programme and curriculum, personnel and policies and resources, following the conceptual framework developed by Lung and Luk (1998). The sample for the present study comprises 39 in-service secondary school teachers taking certificate guidance and counselling courses in Hong Kong. This instrument describes the unique characteristics of guidance and counselling services, depicting a blend of international trends as well as local particularities in Hong Kong schools, regardless of school backgrounds.
Effective Interventions on Test Anxiety Reduction
Authors: Ergene Tuncay
Published: August 2003

This meta-analysis synthesized the results from test anxiety reduction programs. Analyses were based on 56 studies ( n = 2,482); the overall mean effect size (ES) for test anxiety reduction programs was E++ = 0.65 (95 percent confidence intervals [CI] + 0.58 to 0.73). On measures of anxiety reduction, the average individual completing treatment is seen as better off than 74 percent of those individuals who did not receive treatment. The treatment of test anxiety has been quite successful in reducing the test anxiety level of clients. The most effective treatments appear to be those that combine skill-focussed approaches with behaviour or cognitive approaches. Individually conducted programs, along with programs that combined individual and group counselling formats, produced the greatest changes. There is a serious lack of research on test anxiety reduction programs for primary, secondary and high school students.
The Nature of Children's Social Interactions at School
Authors: Moore Kathleen A. , Mellor David J.
Published: August 2003

Interpersonal interactions are important for emotional and psychological wellbeing. One attempt to systematically assess social interactions among gifted children was presented by Manor-Bullock et al. (1995) in their Social Interaction Questionnaire (SIQ). However, no psychometric properties of this scale or the nature of the factors that form students' social interactions have been reported. The aim of this study to ascertain the underlying factor structure of students' social interactions on scores on the SIQ and to compare the responses of children attending a regular school to those in Manor-Bullock et al.'s cohort of gifted children. Two independent factors emerged from the data: social/popular and confident/studious with internal reliability of α = 0.82 and α = 0.60 respectively. There were no gender differences on these factors in the current data. Chi square analyses revealed concordance between gifted and regular-school children on seven of 16 comparable items. Discussion of the items demonstrating an association is presented. Confirmation of the current factor structure is necessary and a matched comparison with gifted children is recommended.
Children at Risk for Developing Reading Difficulties
Authors: Papadopoulos Timothy C. , Das J. P. , Parrila Rauno K. , Kirby John R.
Published: August 2003

This article reports two different experiments as part of a longitudinal study. The first experiment examines the long-term efficacy of two brief remedial procedures (a Meaning-Based procedure versus a cognitive remediation program, the PASS Reading Enhancement Program [PREP]) focusing on the differences in phonological and cognitive test performance of 40 children who needed remediation for poor word decoding in Grade 1. The second study reports the outcomes of an intensified version of the PREP program that emphasizes strengthening the cognitive processes underlying reading in a remaining group of 24 difficult-to-remediate Grade 2 students. Follow-up data are also reported for this group. The results of the first study indicated that the PREP group improved significantly more in pseudo-word reading compared to the meaning-based group right after remediation in Grade 1. These differences, however, were somewhat reduced when re-testing occurred in Grade 2 and may be due to the influence of classroom instruction. Indeed, when both groups were compared to the norming sample, they appeared to continue to develop at an accelerated rate. As for the results of the second study, which focused on the longitudinal development of those 24 children who exhibited a history of chronic low reading performance, it was shown that PREP remediation kept producing significant gains, especially in word-decoding, a finding consistent with the theoretical framework of PREP.
Evaluating the Markov Property in Studies of Economic Convergence
Authors: Bickenbach Frank , Bode Eckhardt
Published: August 2003

Markov chain theory, which has frequently been applied to analyze income convergence, imposes restrictive assumptions on the data-generating process. In most empirical studies, it is taken for granted that per capita income follows a stationary first-order Markov process. To examine the reliability of estimated Markov transition matrices, the authors propose Pearson X2 and likelihood ratio tests of the Markov property, spatial independence, and homogeneity over time and space. As an illustration, it is shown that per capita income in the forty-eight contiguous U.S. states did clearly not follow a common stationary first-order Markov process from 1929 to 2000.
Unit Roots and Deterministic Trends in Spatial Econometric Models
Authors: Mur JesúS , Trívez F. Javier
Published: August 2003

This article reflects on the relevance of the concept of unit roots in the spatial context. The initial introduction of this topic in the time-series literature caused significant changes in the mainstream econometric methodology. However, the literature specialized in spatial econometric modeling has not extensively dealt with this issue. The current article continues the discussion of the concept of unit roots employed in a spatial context and presents a series of peculiarities that should be noticed. Subsequently, attention focuses on the topic of deterministic trends associated with the scale factor that intervenes in autoregressive spatial processes. The incidence of this type of trend should not be neglected. It induces the risk of finding spurious correlation that should be taken into account.
Specification and Estimation of Spatial Panel Data Models
Authors: Elhorst J. Paul
Published: August 2003

This article provides a survey of the specification and estimation of spatial panel data models. These models include spatial error autocorrelation, or the specification is extended with a spatially lagged dependent variable. In particular, the author focuses on the specification and estimation of four panel data models commonly used in applied research: the fixed effects model, the random effects model, the fixed coefficients model, and the random coefficients model. The survey discusses the asymptotic properties of the estimators and provides guidance with respect to the estimation procedures, which should be useful for practitioners.
Spatial Econometric Data Analysis: Moving Beyond Traditional Models
Authors: Florax Raymond J. G. M. , Van der Vlist Arno J.
Published: August 2003

This article appraises recent advances in the spatial econometric literature. It serves as the introduction to a collection of new papers on spatial econometric data analysis brought together in this special issue, dealing specifically with new extensions to the spatial econometric modeling perspective. Although the initial development of the field of spatial econometrics has been rather slow, the Dixit-Stiglitz revolution and the emergence of the New Economy Geography have been instrumental in uplifting the significance and the use of spatial data analysis techniques. Concurrent developments in other social sciences parallel this situation in economics. The upsurge in spatial econometrics is, among other things, driven by the recognition that traditional spatial econometric models are insufficient to capture modern theoretical developments. Therefore, this issue brings together a collection of articles on space-time and discrete choice modeling, spatial nonstationarity, and the methodology and empirics of regional economic growth models.
Growth Dynamics and Space in Brazil
Authors: Mossi Mariano Bosch , Aroca Patricio , FernáNDEZ Ismael J. , Azzoni Carlos Roberto
Published: August 2003

The authors bring together two strands of the empirical literature and analyze the geography of the regional economic performance of the states of the Brazilian Federation from 1939 to 1998. Using tools from spatial statistics, they examine the spatial dependence of regional per capita income in Brazil during the past six decades. They also examine the role of geography in explaining economic growth patterns using intradistribution dynamic tools based on Markov transition matrices and stochastic kernels in a discrete and a continuous framework. The analyses reveal the existence of two spatial clusters in Brazil, a low-income cluster in the northeast and a high-income cluster in the southeast. Moreover, the spatial pattern of economic growth in Brazilian states cannot be viewed without accounting for spatial spillovers. The authors show that states with relatively rich neighbors have a greater chance of being prosperous.
The WTO and the Audiovisual Sector
Authors: Pauwels Caroline , Loisen Jan
Published: August 2003

In this article the authors raise historical and legal status questions concerning the audiovisual dossier as discussed within the framework of the World Trade Organization. This implies an overview, first, of the rules applying directly to the audiovisual sector; second, of the liberalization agreements concerning telecommunications; and third, of the rules concerning copyright (TRIPs). In anticipation of the discussions in the new multilateral negotiation round - launched at the end of last year - the main argument of the article is that the interference of the WTO in the audiovisual and related sectors is irreversible, but also partly unpredictable.
Assessing the `Quality' in Qualitative Research
Authors: Barker Martin
Published: August 2003

A number of recent works on methodology for media and communication studies have sought to embrace the contributions from cultural studies qualitative investigations, in particular for their contribution to our understanding of media texts. But a problem is emerging from this. While their discussions reference the characteristic measures of validity for quantitative research, no equivalent measures of the strength of qualitative researches have yet emerged. This article draws on David Silverman's work to formulate a number of proposals to remedy this gap. These are tested against four recent investigations of one phenomenon: women as viewers of violent/horror films.
Beyond Convergence
Authors: Meier Henk Erik
Published: August 2003

Current regulatory initiatives in the European Commission take a highly critical stance towards public service broadcasting. In the context of this development, the debate about the performance of the German PSBs in a competitive market environment is of some interest. The programmes broadcast by the German PSBs show a remarkable distinctiveness that runs contrary to the predictions of economic theory on programme choices which would rather expect a state of excessive similarity. Drawing on an in-depth case study of one of the major German public broadcasting corporations, it is argued that the distinctiveness of the public broadcasting programmes is the result of an interplay between institutional and organizational factors as well as of economic forces. These findings could have implications for regulatory debate about `dual' television markets.
What was a Roman Emperor? Emperor, Therefore a God
Authors: Veyne Paul
Published: August 2003

The rule of the Caesars, which for 500 years held sway over an empire of 5 million square kilometres of land, today distributed among 30 states, was very different from the monarchies, such as the medieval and modern ones that are more familiar to us. Before the Revolution French kings inherited a kingdom that was their family's property; this fiction concerning family and inheritance was calmly accepted and perpetuated with astonishing ease. Roman emperors, on the other hand, had a high-risk job; they did not occupy the throne as its owner but merely as the appointee of the community, which tasked them with governing the Republic, in the same way, I am informed, as the caliphs were appointees of the community of the devout and with the same bloody conflicts each time the ruler changed.
Religion and Conflict in Japan with Special Reference to Shinto and Yasukuni Shrine
Authors: Pye Michael
Published: August 2003

Japan today projects an external image in which harmonious coherence provides a basis for technical efficiency and cultural excellence. Indeed there is much justification for this image. At the same time there are significant internal tensions which have a long history. Politics and religion have been intertwined for centuries. Political need has often been a powerful motor for religious developments. For example, the major Buddhist denominations were used to register the population and provide stability during the Tokugawa period (1600-1867). Subsequently, the political modernization of the Meiji Restoration (dating from 1868) set this aside and pushed up a new form of ideologized Shinto as a focus of national consciousness. Looking at it from the other side, religions themselves have often provided identities and loyalties, and therewith a motivation for political conflict. This applies to various forms of Buddhism, to Shinto, and to some of Japan's new religions. Thus while Japanese society in some respects appears to be very coherent, its history has frequently been one of internal tension and strife. Factionalism is strong even today, and takes both political and religious forms.
Discourses of Demonization in Africa and Beyond
Authors: Hackett Rosalind I. J.
Published: August 2003

The work of those scholars who see an implicit relationship between religion and violence has of late assumed greater prominence and relevance. For example, in a recent volume entitled Religion and Violence, Hent de Vries states: ‘[v]iolence … finds its prime model - its source, force, and counterforce - in key elements of the tradition called religious. It can be seen as the very element of religion. No violence without (some) religion; no religion without (some) violence (Vries, 2001: 1). He elaborates further: ‘“religion” is the relation between the self (or some selves) and the other - some Other … “religion” also stands for the other - the Other - of violence. It evokes its counter-image, its opposite, its redemption, and critique’ (ibid., my emphasis). Similarly, Bruce Lincoln, writing of the social and political processes that underpin cultural, especially religious, groups, states that ‘“culture” is the prime instrument through which groups mobilize themselves, construct their collective identity and effect their solidarity by excluding those whom they identify as outsiders, while simultaneously establishing their own internal hierarchy, based on varying degrees of adherence to the values that define the group and its members’ (Lincoln, 2000: 411, my emphasis).
An Anthropological View of Vision
Authors: Marazzi Antonio
Published: August 2003

The image of the cave described by Plato in Book VII of the Republic is the most frequently quoted emblematic example of the belief in the illusory nature of what sight transmits to the mind. ‘We must compare the world of the senses with the view of those who live in a prison’, says Socrates, referring to the cave in which there are men in chains who can see nothing but a wall onto which are projected shadows of objects lit by a fire behind them, and who, ignorant of the objects themselves, are inclined to give more credit to the shadows than the objects, as long as they are not free and able to rise in their souls from the visible to the intelligible world.

The whole history of human thought could be rewritten in terms of the confrontation between the eye and the mind. The immediate power, poignant charm, evocative force of the messages sent from one to the other have encouraged a bewitching abandon, internal illuminations, but also moments of deliberate blindness and destructive furies. Starting from periods of vague iconophilia, a large number of societies have moved to periods of obsessive iconoclasm in public forms of representation. From sublime experiences of divine mystical visions to the most degenerate forms of violence and pornography, it is the visual image, perceptible or mental, that imposes itself.
Innovation in Innovation: The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations
Authors: Etzkowitz Henry
Published: August 2003

Innovation is increasingly based upon a “Triple Helix” of university-industry-government interactions. The increased importance of knowledge and the role of the university in incubation of technology-based firms has given it a more prominent place in the institutional firmament. The entrepreneurial university takes a proactive stance in putting knowledge to use and in broadening the input into the creation of academic knowledge. Thus it operates according to an interactive rather than a linear model of innovation. As firms raise their technological level, they move closer to an academic model, engaging in higher levels of training and in sharing of knowledge. Government acts as a public entrepreneur and venture capitalist in addition to its traditional regulatory role in setting the rules of the game. Moving beyond product development, innovation then becomes an endogenous process of “taking the role of the other”, encouraging hybridization among the institutional spheres.
The Scientific Mind and Cultural Articulation in an Oral Society: Language as a Mirror
Authors: Sègla Aimé
Published: August 2003

The contribution of non-western cultures, especially oral and traditional cultures, to the phenomena of civilizations remains controversial. Until recently, while modern anthropology was busy demonstrating the rationality of witchcraft, other practices in non-western cultures were considered devoid of scientific reasoning and therefore anthropologically uninteresting. The approach proposed here attempts to demonstrate the contrary. Indeed the study of the linguistic faculties of the Yoruba of West Africa shows that the system of language acts as a mirror of intuitive knowledge, providing a profusion of ontological proto-terminologies and proto-concepts encoded in language and cognition. Using them, one can establish the adequacy of human mathematical geometrical ideation in a particular cultural context where science and scientific development seem not to have existed as they did in Babylon, Egypt, Greece, India or Europe. From a comparative standpoint, the study shows that the beginning of theoretical constructions in the areas above was also in itself deeply intuitive, starting from basic human intuitive knowledge, the knowledge that forms the basis of ontogenetic development. The study postulates a universal human intuitive mind though the mathematical ideation examined is culturally and socially specific. As to the origin of that mind, the question is still open. Indeed, to understand the adequacy of mathematical ideation in this particular cultural context, we need to undertake interdisciplinary and thematic research on the origin of man, the way the brain works, languages and their origin, languages and mind, genes and anthropology. The present study illustrates a case of a culture of rationality in a non-western oral society that can serve as an empirical basis for theoretical constructions and innovations for the stabilization of cultural foundations.
Developpement Durable Et Principes De Développement Legitimite
Authors: Godard Olivier
Published: August 2003

Besides its clearly normative value, the idea of sustainability reflects a number of needs and absences: the unsustainable character of present patterns of development, the question of explicit representation of beings such as coming generations, absent from the scenes where the future is being committed, confession of the legitimacy trouble touching environmental policies facing development stakes, and, as a more intimate disillusion, the discovery that the sustainability idea cannot stand for an alternative legitimacy principle. After having shown how sustainability passed several of the requirements characteristic of a principle of legitimacy, the article identifies the sources of its weakness as lying in its difficulties with the axioms of “common humanity”, and more particularly with “equal power of access to social states” which are inherent in the “fair city” model. But, taken separately, each existing legitimacy principle does not offer any better solution, because it runs into the problem of promises regarding the future. Sustainable development must therefore be sought in “compromise”, i.e. that type of legitimacy in which societies do not succeed in completely explicating the basis of their agreement, while nevertheless being guided by the pursuit of a common good.
Temporal Perspectives in the Practical-Textual Handling of a European Public Problem
Authors: Barthélémy Michel
Published: August 2003

This article is concerned with the way in which media routinely achieve their task of reporting on an issue that may last for several months. The present study is based on the first months of the coverage by a British newspaper, The Guardian, of an emergent crisis between Austria and the rest of the EU governments as a result of the entry of the far right into Austrian government. The analysis focuses on the way the time dimension is practically used in the media text, with a view to rendering intelligible whatever happens under the auspices of a common system of relevances and interest.
L'entreprise, Sujet Et Objet De Consideration Considération Morale?
Authors: Leseur Alexia
Published: August 2003

Drawing on the example of environmental policies aiming at reducing the risk of global warming due to anthropic emissions, and especially on debates about the equity of the distribution of tradable permits, the article reflects on the notion of moral entity. Since it appears impossible to refer to individuals when deciding upon the equity of this distribution, another approach is explored, in which the firm may be considered as a moral entity. Three types of arguments, referring to law, philosophy, and positive aspects, support this approach.
Styles of Image Management During Crises: Justifying Press Censorship
Authors: Graber Doris
Published: August 2003

Press freedom is crucial in times of national crisis such as rampant terrorism or war. But press freedom is likely to become a casualty at such times because of legitimate concerns about security for civilians and military personnel and because of fears of compromising the confidentiality of important public policies. What kinds of appeals do partisans and opponents of both formal and informal censorship use to win approval of their points of view? Using the Bush administration's war on terrorism as an ongoing case study, I examined official pronouncements about censorship made by members of the legislative and executive branches in the United States and views quoted in selected mass media or expressed editorially. The study revealed three types of verbal strategies: excuses, justifications, and transformations. They were used by proponents as well as opponents of censorship. This article details the various types of framings used within the three strategic categories and the circumstances surrounding their use.
`Cherie: Lawyer, Wife, Mum': Contradictory Patterns of Representation in Media Reports of Cherie Booth/Blair
Authors: Page Ruth E.
Published: August 2003

This article examines the complex and contradictory patterns of representation used by the media in reports of Cherie Booth/Blair, wife of current British Prime Minister, Tony Blair. As a subject of media attention, she is particularly interesting for she acts as a focus for a range of identities that juxtapose stereotypes of women related to their roles in both the domestic and public domains (a celebrity wife, a successful barrister and an icon for `working mothers'). The data sample considered here consists of 130 British press reports which are analysed using lexicogrammatical tools from critical linguistics, specifically concentrating on naming practices and transitivity choices. This is complemented by a corpus-based approach which traces collocational patterns, especially those related to the phrase `working mother'. Both the naming patterns used and the contrast between the personalized profile of Booth and the collectivized stereotype of the `working mother' are understood as examples of `textual heterogeneity' and so evidence of social change. Moreover, these representations are also seen as operating within that social change to both reflect and potentially reinforce the gendered inequality presupposed by the ideological model of separate spheres.
Indigenous Identity in Print: Representations of the Sami in News Discourse
Authors: Pietikäinen Sari
Published: August 2003

This article examines news representations of the indigenous Sami people in the Finnish news discourse and the role of the representations in the politics of Sami identity. Through critical discourse analysis of Finnish newspaper texts collected from the leading daily Helsingin Sanomat, I analyse the representations by examining how the journalists utilized textual and linguistic resources available to them, how journalistic practices limited and enabled choices made and, finally, how the textual choices contributed to the representations. The study suggests that a combination of the minority position of the Sami, journalistic practices and an unawareness of or insensitivity towards the representational power of news media result in polarized ethnic representations that contribute to marginalization of the Sami rather than participation in the public discussion in the news arena.
The Discursive Construction of Americanism
Authors: Ricento Thomas
Published: August 2003

This study focuses on the construction of American national identity which emerged during the Americanization campaign, roughly 1914-1924. Period texts are analyzed using techniques of pragmatic and rhetorical analysis within a discourse-historical framework (Wodak, 2001). Three representations of Americanism are described. Two of these representations presuppose consensus on particular views of American identity, whereas the third finds such views to be narrow-minded and incompatible with the goals of democracy. The arguments found in these competing discourses are present today in American public discourse.
How Contemporary History is Presented in Chilean Middle School Textbooks
Authors: Oteiza Teresa
Published: August 2003

This article provides a textual analysis of the pedagogical discourse of history textbooks used in the education of Chilean students. In particular, I focus on how the impact of Salvador Allende's socialist government (1970-1973) and the military coup that led to the Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship (1973-1990) are constructed by and displayed in these texts. As a method of analysis, I apply the Systemic Functional Grammar theory to history textbooks used in the sixth and eighth grades. Two of the metafunctions proposed by Halliday - textual and interpersonal - are particularly relevant when combined with an appraisal analysis fundamentally based on the work of Martin because they provide a useful tool for interpreting and explaining the text from an ideological standpoint. The analysis reveals that the textbooks' authors strive to sound objective, but instead offer a large number of explicit and implicit judgements throughout the text. They purport to present two antithetical political positions - that of Allende's supporters and that of the supporters of the military coup - however, the texts do not actually offer two clear positions nor do they provide clear reasons for the events. Instead, the authors obscure content through grammatical and lexical choices - such as the use of `and' as an expression of reason or cause; embedded mental and verbal projection (sixth grade only); the absence of logico-semantic relationship of elaboration; and modal adjuncts that signal judgement but not explanation. Appraisal analysis in conjunction with a more discrete grammatical analysis is useful for revealing the explicit, subjective choices made in constructing these supposedly objective texts.
Parent's Management of their Child's Pain in the Home Following Day Surgery
Authors: Jonas Denise A.
Published: August 2003

When a child returns home following day case surgery, the parent becomes responsible for the assessment and treatment of their child's pain. Pain is documented as being the most common complication following day case surgery. The study investigated parental management of their child's pain at home following day surgery. A purposive sample of 100 parents of children undergoing day case surgery at a regional paediatric hospital was obtained. Parents were contacted by telephone in their own home 24 hours after day surgery and, through a structured interview schedule, were asked a series of questions relating to their child's pain management and discharge information. The results indicated that parents managed their child's pain in the home if provided with information and suitable analgesia on discharge. Instigation of telephone follow-up for parents was upheld as a measure to provide support to parents, as 79 percent of parents found the telephone call useful.
Towards the Development of a Paediatric Discharge Planning Screening Tool
Authors: Domanski Margaret D. , Jackson Alun C. , Miller Jane , Jeffrey Cindy
Published: August 2003

This study reports the second phase in the development of a paediatric discharge risk screening tool. It describes evaluation of the reliability and validity of this tool, which is designed to identify children in need of post-discharge care beyond that of routine nursing and physician teaching and follow-up. The first group identified was children who possessed a non-routine or unpredictable pathway of post-hospital treatment. The second group encompassed those with multifaceted, complex post-hospital care needs, requiring extensive internal hospital department coordination and involvement of community-based care providers in the discharge planning process. It was found that discharge risk factors reflecting objective and easily observable illness and treatment criteria were the most reliable predictors of need for social work discharge planning. It is recommended that a discharge risk tool be completed in partnership with unit nursing staff, and that it be subjected to further review in other organizational settings.
Age and Sex of Drivers Associated with Child Pedestrian Injuries
Authors: Thompson Richard , Choonara Imti , Hewitt Susie , Holt martin
Published: August 2003

In 2002 there were 237 road traffic collisions (RTCs) involving a child pedestrian in Derbyshire. Complete details were available for 200 RTCs. There was a significantly lower proportion of female drivers (34.5%) than expected according to the number of female drivers registered nationally(43%). Similarly, there was a greater proportion of drivers under the age of40 years involved in RTCs with children as pedestrians (58.5%) than anticipated (42.1%). Drivers between the ages of 17-20 and 31-40 years were significantly more likely to be involved in an RTC with a child as a pedestrian. Male drivers and drivers under the age of 40 years are more likely to be involved in RTCs with children as pedestrians. Educational publicity campaigns to reduce driver speeds in urban areas need to be targeted at those drivers most likely to be involved in an RTC with a child.
Assessing the Clinical Skills Performance of Nursing Students
Authors: Pfeil Michael
Published: August 2003

This article records the development of assessment criteria for the clinical skills performance by pre-registration nursing students within a problem-based learning curriculum. Questionnaires allowed informally established provisional criteria to be exposed to students, practitioners and lecturers from all branches. Any opinions given and suggestions made by the participants were taken into account and the improved set of criteria was discussed in branch-specific focus groups, thus further enhancing them. A pilot study with a group of children's nursing students and their supervisors was set up to test the assessment criteria in practice. The students' skills performances were assessed by their supervisors as well as by themselves. Interviews with all participants tested the accuracy of the criteria, most of which were supported by the data. The improved criteria are used as part of the summative assessment of practice within a problem-based nursing curriculum.
Home Accidents in Arab Bedouin Children in Southern Israel
Authors: Broides Arnon , Assaf Miri
Published: August 2003

Home accidents are a major health problem; no data about the specific types of home accidents in the pediatric Bedouin population of southern Israel is available. We sought to delineate the specific types of home accidents in Arab Bedouin children in southern Israel. The study was conducted in a primary care clinic in an Arab Bedouin town in southern Israel. An interview of every patient or parent who presented to the clinic for a home accident in a child from December 2000 until mid November 2001was conducted. A total of 235 accidents were recorded from 219 patients (153 males and 66 females). The most prevalent injury was burns (85 cases- 36.1%) followed by falls (67 cases - 28.5%), contusions (31cases -13.2%), lacerations (29 cases - 12.3%), and nail penetrations (19 cases -8%). Thirteen patients were hospitalized, 6 with burns and 7 due to falls. A total of 209 days of hospitalization were recorded, 195 days due to burn and 14 days due to falls, ( p < 0.05). Burn rates were highest in children younger than 2 years of age, 39/57 (68.4%), and an increased risk for burns was significantly correlated to younger age ( p < 0.0001). We conclude that in our study population, burns represent the most prevalent home accident and that burns cause a much longer hospital stay than any other type of accident. The risk for burns is correlated to younger age. A burn prevention plan is needed.
Peripheral Youth
Authors: Pilkington Hilary , Johnson Richard
Published: August 2003

In this introduction, the editors construct a dialogue between a wideranging review of theories and research on global/local relations in youth cultures and the articles published in this Special Issue on aspects of youthful `peripherality'. This field of study, which has become cross-disciplinary, increasingly does justice to local diversities, but has often been led by arguments in social theory that have been `core-centric'. The editors argue for global/local studies, situated in peripheries, that take seriously the meanings young people attach to their cultural practice, extending inquiry to questions of subjectivity and `cultural psychology'. On the basis of the articles in this issue and their own research, the editors suggest the need for significant qualification of the themes of individual lifestyles, the dominance of global consumption patterns, social disembedding and crowd-like behaviour (`neotribes') among young people. They point rather to the continued importance of group strategies, of specific histories of national identities and of markers of identity formed around global/local relations of race/ethnicity, sexuality, class, gender and generation.
Youth Identities in the Global Cultural Economy
Authors: Kjeldgaard Dannie
Published: August 2003

Based on a qualitative study among high school students from metropolitan and rural areas in Denmark and Greenland, the article discusses the identity discourses of young people in the global cultural economy and how young people's position in structures of centre and periphery is generative of certain discourses of identity. The discourses are to a large extent generated in relation to consumption and consumer culture, in particular among those who live on the periphery of the global cultural economy. Here, consumer culture is generative of a discourse of `peripheral consciousness', the logic of which is the lack of consumption opportunities - opportunities that are imagined to be available in the centre.
Young (Male) Irelanders
Authors: Mac an Ghaill Mairtin , Haywood Chris
Published: August 2003

This article explores the experiences of second generation Irish young men living in Britain. Drawing upon theories of globalization, diaspora and subjectivity, it considers how ethnic invisibility (in Britain) and national exclusion (in Ireland) are shaping young people's specific experience of cultural peripheries. At the same time, such a position provides an insight into the centrality of the black/white dualism on a lived-out level, while also highlighting the continuing salience of the racial dualism as a dominant explanatory framework. More specifically, it examines young people's reclamation and rearticulation of being and belonging, the cultural politics of Irishness and the visibility of Irish ethnicity. It concludes by bringing together some of the empirical, theoretical and methodological complexities involved in working in this area.
Global Modernity?
Authors: Dirlik Arif
Published: August 2003

This article offers the concept of `global modernity' ( in the singular) as a way to understand the contemporary world. It suggests that the concept helps overcome the teleology implicit in a term such as globalization, while it also recognizes global difference and conflict, which are as much characteristics of the contemporary world as tendencies toward unity and homogenization. These differences, and the appearance of `alternative' or `multiple' modernities, it suggests, are expressions, and articulations, of the contradictions of modernity which are now universalized across, as well as within, societies. If we are to speak of alternative or multiple modernities, which presently valorize the persistence of traditions and `civilizational' legacies, we need to recognize that the very language of alternatives and multiplicity is enabled historically by the presupposition of a common modernity shaped by a globalizing capitalism.
Entangled Modernities
Authors: Therborn Göran
Published: August 2003

Modernity is better defined as a time orientation, instead of as a set of institutions, which usually smuggles in some provincial or other aprioristic assumptions. A time conception of modernity also gives a precise meaning to postmodernity. Modernity in this non-Eurocentric sense, entails several different, competing master narratives, different social forces of, and conflicts between, modernity and anti-modernity, and different cultural contextualizations of the past-future contrast. But these different varieties do not simply coexist and challenge each other, they are entangled with each other in various ways. Starting from observing how different time warps were interwoven in vanguard modernist art, an analytical framework for grasping, understanding, and explaining the entanglement of modernities is spelled out.
Entangled Communisms
Authors: Arnason Johann P.
Published: August 2003

The idea of entangled modernities is best understood as a complement and corrective to that of `multiple modernities': it serves to theorize the global unity and interconnections of modern socio-cultural formations in a non-reductionist and non-functionalist way. But it can also help to highlight complexity and divergence behind the outwardly uniform or parallel patterns of development. This line of thought seems particularly relevant to the history of Communism. The interdependent but divergent trajectories of the two imperial revolutions, Russian and Chinese, exemplify the multiple patterns of entanglement in unusually instructive ways. In both cases, imperial legacies and traditions interacted with modernizing imperatives and geopolitical constraints, as well as with the revolutionary projects proposed as solutions to the imperial crises. The Sino-Soviet entanglement was highly asymmetric; although the Chinese connection seems to have been important at several critical junctures in Soviet history, the impact of the Soviet model on Chinese Communism was incomparably more formative. But the Chinese metamorphoses of the Soviet model deviated from the original in various ways; they were too complex and sometimes too self-destructive to be explained in terms of an adaptive logic. Rather, the transfigurations that took place at various stages - from the beginnings of Chinese Bolshevism to the aberrations of Maoism in power - can be understood as changing patterns of entanglement, combining radicalizing twists to the Soviet model with selective reactivation of Chinese traditions.
Knowledge, Uncertainty and the Transformation of the Public Sphere
Authors: Pellizzoni Luigi
Published: August 2003

Radical uncertainty plays a major role in the transformation of the social production of knowledge by questioning the centrality of scientific-technical expertise. Important changes are occurring in the discursive and social divisions characterizing the production and management of knowledge, but the ability of these innovations to cope with the challenge of radical uncertainty is doubtful. This seems to call for a reassessment of the forms of knowledge-related social cooperation, but the late modern public sphere does not provide favourable conditions for this endeavour. Is there a way out of this impasse? The answer is difficult and conditional on many factors. However, Dewey's theory of inquiry and of the public sphere may offer a useful standpoint for further investigation.
Nation-Building, Neutrality and Ethnocultural Justice
Authors: Chambers Clare
Published: August 2003

This article examines Will Kymlicka's theory of ethnocultural justice as it is presented in his recent work, particularly that which tries to apply `western political theory' to Eastern and Central Europe. The article makes four principal claims. First, what Kymlicka calls the `myth of ethnocultural neutrality' is problematic as a critique of liberal principles. A myth should combine two features: it should be widely and strongly believed and it should be false or misleading. Kymlicka does outline a possible interpretation of `ethnocultural neutrality' that is false or misleading, but it is not widely believed by liberals and it is not strongly implied by liberalism. Moreover, the sort of ethnocultural neutrality that is widely and strongly believed by liberals is not shown to be false by Kymlicka's arguments. Second, Kymlicka's claim that the existence of an official language threatens cultural survival is also problematic as a critique of liberalism for two reasons: he does not provide enough evidence or argument for the claim and, even if true, the claim need worry only those liberals who agree with Kymlicka that culture is a primary good -not all liberals and certainly not all western political theorists. Third, Kymlicka's recent work recasts the concept of the societal culture that was introduced in his earlier work, but this recasting leaves us with two confused accounts rather than one coherent one. Fourth, Kymlicka's comparison between what he calls majority and minority `nation-building' does not hold; the two are different things and thus require different philosophical justifications.
The Logic of Aboriginal Rights
Authors: Ivison Duncan
Published: August 2003

Are there any aboriginal rights? If there are, then what kind of rights are they? Are they human rights adapted and shaped to the circumstances of indigenous peoples? Or are they specific cultural rights, exclusive to members of aboriginal societies? In recent liberal political theory, aboriginal rights are often conceived of as cultural rights and thus as group rights. As a result, they are vulnerable to at least three kinds of objections: i) that culture is not a primary good relevant to the currency of egalitarian justice; ii) that group rights are inimical to the moral individualism of liberal democratic societies; and iii) that pandering to group interests provides incentives for abuse and undermines the conditions required for promoting liberal egalitarian outcomes. My argument is that a successful defense of aboriginal rights will tie them to the promotion of the equal freedom of aboriginal people, both in the formal and substantive senses, and thus to improvements in their actual wellbeing, both as `peoples' and individuals. But rights and norms interact in complex ways, and the translation of particular individual and social goods into the language of rights is always fraught with difficulty.