bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Forradalmi” változások a menedzsment területén
Authors: Nádasdi Ferenc , Keszi-Szeremlei Andrea
Published: August 2016

A tudomány fejlődése, illetve az eredmények gyakorlati alkalmazása hatalmas változásokat hozott létre a nem-hagyományos területeken is. Kialakult az „egészségipar”. A fizika, kémia, biológia, mikroelektronika stb. eredményei teljesen új diagnosztikai, műtéti, kezelési stb. eljárások létrehozását tették lehetővé. Kialakult a „pénzipar”. A jelenleg gondot okozó gazdasági válság – megítélésünk szerint – egyik legfontosabb oka a „pénzipar” nem kellően szabályozott működése. Kialakult a „tudásipar”. Ez a terület magába foglalja az oktatás minden szintjét, és a K+F+I (Kutatás + Fejlesztés + Innováció) területét is. Elemzéseink szerint a társadalom gazdasági fejlődésének jelenleg a legfontosabb tényezője az innováció. Az új tudományos eredmények alapvető változásokat okoztak a vezetéstudomány területén is. Kialakult a „Management Science”, amely önálló területet hozott létre. Az erőforrások hatékony allokációjához több, hatékony menedzsment módszert is kialakítottak a menedzsment szakértők (pl. Value Analysis, Risk Menedzsment, Six Sigma, TRIZ, Lean módszer stb.).
Os oficiais da Justiça central régia nos finais da Idade Média portuguesa (ca. 1279-ca. 1521)
Authors: Carvalho Homem Armando Luís de
Published: August 2016

O trabalho apresenta uma panorâmica do desenvolvimento da Justiça e dos seus juízes no Portugal de finais da Idade Média. Para tanto, analisa tanto a produção historiográfica dos referidos séculos como fontes geradas no âmbito da realeza e do serviço judiciário, como processos, sentenças, leis, resoluções, regimentos e ordenações, como as Ordenações Afonsinas.
La Justicia Federal en la "Confederación" Argentina (1854-1861). Apuntes sobre un intento de articulación entre Nación Y Provincias
Authors: Lanteri Ana Laura
Published: August 2016

No processo de construção estatal, como o da “Confederação”, nossa análise, de caráter exploratório, se centra nas vicissitudes e nos esforços do governo nacional por organizar uma nova instituição, como foi a justiça federal. Analisamos esta problemática, vinculando-a com as redefinições da relação político-institucional dos poderes provinciais em função do nacional e do poder judicial com o executivo e o legislativo. Focamos o estudo nas regulamentações dos gastos públicos do estado confederado, do legislativo em matéria de justiça das patentes e ainda do perfil dos juizes federais.
Globalização e a Nova Criminalidade
Authors: Duarte Maria Carolina de Almeida
Published: August 2016

O artigo discute os delitos que surgiram ou tiveram considerável aumento na sociedade globalizada. O tema se justifica plenamente para demonstrar a necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas para o controle e combate desta “nova criminalidade” transnacional e altamente sofisticada. Na criminalidade analisada as vítimas são difusas, em conseqüência são atingidos bens de incontáveis pessoas. Os avanços tecnológicos, também contribuíram para essa criminalidade da chamada globalização. O computador e o celular são os símbolos dessa “nova ordem mundial” que, infelizmente servem como instrumentos eficazes nessas práticas delituosas. Um outro aspecto discutido é a corrupção que funciona como elemento primordial, sobretudo facilitador. A não condenação desses ilícitos penais e a morosidade nos julgamentos constituem fatores que reforçam essa criminalidade. Crimes como: o narcotráfico, a “lavagem de dinheiro”, a pirataria, o tráfico de pessoas, a pedofilia, os crimes digitais e outros constituem o atual desafio desta sociedade globalizada. As instâncias que controlam a criminalidade, a Polícia, o Ministério Público e o Judiciário já trabalham com intercâmbio de informações e especializações sobre essa “nova criminalidade” que avança as fronteiras e aniquila a humanidade.
Anchieta: Uma Imagem a Serviço de Vários Altares
Authors: Fleck Eliane Cristina Deckmann , Kasper Rafael
Published: August 2016

O artigo analisa as representações do missionário José de Anchieta veiculadas através dos discursos e conferências – reunidos na Coletânea Anchietana –, com o objetivo de desvendar a apropriação que delas foi feita por ocasião da instituição do Dia de Anchieta em 1965.  Ao apresentar o jesuíta Anchieta como precursor da nacionalidade brasileira, como guardião da moral e exemplo de santidade, intelectuais brasileiros e estrangeiros, autoridades civis e militares e representantes da Igreja Católica evidenciam não apenas as condutas consideradas fundamentais para a sociedade brasileira naquele momento político, como justificam e evocam a retomada do processo de beatificação do missionário jesuíta.
Belém: Sociedade e Natureza (1897-1911)
Authors: Vieira David Durval Jesus
Published: August 2016

Ao longo da Intendência de Antonio Lemos (1897-1911), intensificou-se a urbanização e reurbanização de Belém do Pará. Neste projeto estava incluído concepções e usos da natureza considerados pela Intendência como “civilizados”. Contudo, o conceito de natureza não é homogêneo. Havia costumes de apropriações da natureza que não eram interessantes para o projeto de remodelação de Belém, e que foram duramente condenados pela administração municipal de Lemos.
Entre Pinturas Corporais e Notas Musicais: História e Etnografia nas Obras de Darcy Ribeiro e Desidério Aytai
Authors: Silva Giovani José da , Costa Anna Maria Ribeiro Fernandes Moreira da
Published: August 2016

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições de Darcy Ribeiro e Desidério Aytai, tendo como ponto de partida a seguinte problemática: qual a contribuição de ambos à etnografia brasileira? Dividimos este artigo em duas partes – Darcy Ribeiro e a “vontade de beleza” Kadiwéu e Desidério Aytai e a musicalidade Nambiquara – que discorrem uma breve biografia dos antropólogos e discutem a produção de ambos no que diz respeito aos Kadiwéu e Nambiquara. Nossa experiência junto a esses índios responsabilizou-se pela decisão da escolha das referidas etnias, já que Ribeiro e Aytai estudaram também outras sociedades indígenas.
Vulnerabilidade nas fronteiras de gênero
Authors: Parente Temis Gomes
Published: August 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a situação de marginalidade vivenciada por indivíduos – neste caso, em sua maioria mulheres adolescentes – nas cidades de Aguiarnópolis, Darcinópolis e Wanderlândia, no extremo norte do Estado do Tocantins, região de fronteiras tanto no conceito tradicional de espaços geográficos como em suas multiplicidades, porosidades e deslocamentos simbólicos de fronteiras. Os sujeitos pesquisados enquadram-se na zona de vulnerabilidade por estarem inseridos nas precárias relações de trabalho predominantes nas três cidades e frágeis em suas relações familiares, contribuindo para o fortalecimento das fronteiras de gênero resultante de um alto índice de gravidez precoce de adolescentes na região.
Conflitos Sociais e Processo Histórico na Alta Idade Média
Authors: Bastos Mário Jorge Da Motta
Published: August 2016

Propondo-me a abordar, neste artigo, as expressões dos conflitos sociais intrínsecos à sociedade ibérica da Alta Idade Média, parto de duas premissas de base, cuja articulação profunda pretendo ressaltar: a de que qualquer historiador que exerça o seu ofício alheio a um instrumental heurístico crítico reduz a disciplina a uma insidiosa reprodução sacralizadora dos mitos do passado, tanto mais enfadonha ao privar o processo histórico do seu efetivo elemento dinâmico e dinamizador.
O passado é imprevisível! Controvérsias historiográficas acerca da Guerra do Paraguai no livro didático de história (1910-2010)
Authors: Caimi Flávia Eloisa , Teixeira Fabiano Bercellos
Published: August 2016

Maior conflito sul-americano no qual as quatro nações do Cone Sul, Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai estiveram diretamente envolvidos, a “Guerra do Paraguai” (1864-70) é um dos temas mais controversos da historiografia. Analisaremos os principais argumentos de convergência/discordância de quatro principais linhas de interpretação da historiografia brasileira acerca dessa contenda, identificando como tais argumentos foram tratados nos livros didáticos ao longo do século XX e nos primeiros anos do século XXI (1910-2010).
Retórica e História
Authors: LaCapra Dominick
Published: August 2016

Tradução de Rhetoric and History, from History and Criticism. Copyright (c) 1985 by Cornell University. Todos os direitos reservados.
A esfera pública na América Latina: um mapa da historiografia
Authors: Piccato Pablo
Published: August 2016

A categoria “esfera pública” é frequentemente utilizada pelos historiadores da América Latina sem muita preocupação acerca de suas implicações teóricas e metodológicas. Este artigo pretende revisar a historiografia que tem aplicado as ideias de Habermas à história latino-americana. Centra do em alguns livros particularmente importantes, o artigo pretende examinar potenciais caminhos para a pesquisa e comparações. Ao invés de se tornar uma nova ortodoxia para o estudo da região, a teoria da esfera pública está estabelecendo um diálogo entre historiadores interessados em fenômenos intelectuais e discurso político (a maioria deles centrada na história do liberalismo após as independências) e aqueles historiadores cujo interesse em formações sociais enquadrou seus estudos em termos de hegemonia e dominação de classe.
"Propositum Vitae" e lugares da vida monástica (Séculos XI e XII)
Authors: Caby Cécile
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar discursos produzidos por monges, cônegos regulares e clérigos seculares a respeito do espaço, do ambiente e do propósito de vida monásticos, em meio aos debates e disputas acirradas sobre a função pastoral dos monges e a emergência de formas renovadas da vita religiosa, nos séculos XI e XII.
Apresentação
Authors: Marques Ana Maria , Leite Juçara Luzia
Published: August 2016

Apresentação do dossiê temático "Formação docente e ensino de história: fontes, objetos e categorias".
Do fazer-se professor: autodidatismo e docência na experiência de Rocha Pombo
Authors: Silva Alexandra Lima da
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o processo de fazer-se professor na experiência de Rocha Pombo. Nascido em 1857, na cidade de Morretes, estado do Paraná, José Francisco da Rocha Pombo, ainda muito jovem, ingressou no magistério das primeiras letras e no exercício da escrita em periódicos, publicando artigos relacionados à instrução. Foi poeta, historiador, professor da Escola Normal, membro do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico e jornalista e autor de livros didáticos. O presente trabalho procura explorar os significados do autodidatismo na formação de um professor entre finais do século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX.Palavras-chave: Fazer-se; Rocha Pombo; experiência.
Estratégias de subsistência e do ciclo de vida na Amazônia brasileira: o caso de Machadinho d'Oeste, Rondônia
Authors: Guedes Gilvan Ramalho , Barbieri Alisson Flávio , Santos Reinaldo , Antigo Mariângela
Published: August 2016

Este artigo discute como as estratégias de sobrevivência variam segundo estágios do ciclo de vida domiciliar em fronteiras agrícolas. Com base em dados longitudinal (25 anos) de pequenos agricultores em Machadinho d´Oeste, Rondônia, encontramos uma redução no poder preditivo dos marcadores do ciclo de vida domiciliar na medida em que as fronteiras agrícolas integram-se aos mercados, e uma maior probabilidade de diversificação das estratégias entre os domicílios de segunda geração.Palavras-chave: Estratégias de sobrevivência; fronteira agrícola; Amazônia.
Underground coal gasification - the Velenje Coal Mine energy and economic calculations
Authors: Konovsek Damjan , Praunseis Zdravko , Avsec Jurij , Bercic Gorazd , Pohar Andrej , Zavsek Simon , Medved Milan
Published: August 2016

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a viable possibility for the exploitation of vast coal deposits that are unreachable by conventional mining and can meet the energy, economic and environmental demands of the 21st century. Due to the complexity of the process, and the site-specific coal and seam properties, it is important to acknowledge all the available data and past experiences, in order to conduct a successful UCG operation. Slovenia has huge unmined reserves of coal, and therefore offers the possibility of an alternative use of this domestic primary energy source. According to the available underground coal gasification technology, the energy and economic assessment for the exploitation of coal to generate electricity and heat was made. A new procedure for the estimation of the energy efficiency of the coal gasification process, which is also used to compare the energy analyses for different examples of coal exploitation, was proposed, as well as the technological schemes and plant operating mode in Velenje, and the use of produced synthetic coal gas (syngas). The proposed location for the pilot demonstration experiment in Velenje Coal Mine was reviewed and the viability of the underground coal gasification project in Velenje was determined.
Separation of oil drops from water using stainless steel fiber bed
Authors: Kiralj Arpad , Vulic Tatjana , Sokolovic Dunja , Secerov-Sokolovic Radmila , Dugic Pero
Published: August 2016

This study is focused on the separation of oil droplets from water by applying a stainless steel fiber bed. The separation efficiency was followed by monitoring the oil concentration of three mineral oils that have a wide range of viscosity from 10 to 170 mP s, as well as neutralization number from 0.10 to 1.70 mg KOH/l. The bed properties were varied by altering the bulk density of the filter material, which resulted in a change of bed permeability from 0.7?10-9 to 5.389?10-9 m2 and bed porosity from 91 to 98%. All experiments were conducted in a wide range of superficial velocity from 10 to 50 m/h. It can be concluded that high separation efficiency was achieved using stainless steel fibers, reaching values over 90%. Low bed permeability is most favorable for work at the selected conditions for the separation. The operation of stainless steel fiber bed is very sensitive to changes in the properties of oils. For lower viscosity of oily contaminants, the required efficiency of separation is achieved at lower superficial velocity through the fibrous bed. This phenomenon can be considered as a serious drawback since the bed coalescers often have to separate oils of different quality over time.
The influence of migration processes in gunpowder charge on the quality of mortar ammunition
Authors: Bobic Nikola , Simonovic Radovan , Drmanic Sasa , Milic Stefan , Nikolic Jasmina , Stoiljkovic Slavisa , Terzic Nebojsa
Published: August 2016

The study describes the results of static, physicochemical and ballistic examination of double-based gunpowder charges, in order to establish the deviations from the demanded quality of mortar ammunition. The examinations were carried out on gunpowder samples used for laboration of mortar shells 60, 82 and 120 mm caliber and consisted of periodical measurements of the gunpowder mass loss, basic ballistic parameters, and compatibility testing of gunpowder and celluloid containers as well as chemical stability determination. The estimation of the gunpowder quality was performed by comparative analysis and the suggestions for more efficient production of it were given.
The Time of the Translator in the Ovide moralisé
Authors: Griffin Miranda
Published: August 2016

With reference to Derrida and Benjamin, this article scrutinizes the complex time frame proposed by the processes of translatio in the fourteenth-century Ovide moralisé. From the point of view of a divine timelessness, the Christian truths and doctrine articulated by the moralizing readings of the Ovide moralisé were always already awaiting revelation by the prudent work of a pious translator. The Ovide moralisé understands itself as having been summoned by the injunction to understand all creation, including pagan literature, from a learned, Christian standpoint.
Increased count of Bacteroides fragilis in the feces of palmar arsenical keratosis patient
Authors: Ahmad Md. Ashraf , Misbahuddin Mir , Ahmed Sharmeen
Published: August 2016

Chronic exposure to high concentration of arsenic caused an increase in the colony count of Bacteroides fragilis in the feces in comparison to healthy volunteer (3.6 × 10¹¹ ± 1.9 vs 1.5 × 10¹¹ ± 1.7 CFU/g of feces) which was not statistically significant. But significant increase in the colony count of B. fragilis was seen in the feces of palmar arsenical keratosis patient (4.2 × 10¹¹ ± 1.9 CFU/g of feces; p=0.0390). Supplementation with probiotic for 12 weeks decreased the colony counts in all three groups which were not statistically significant among the groups. Probiotics decreased the amount of arsenic in the nail of all the three groups significantly.

 
Assessing Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Bank Performance in Bangladesh: A study on Some Selected Banks
Authors: Haldar PK , Rahman SM Mahbubur
Published: August 2016

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP), bank size, the level of risk in the bank and Advertising Intensity (ADINT) in the Commercial Banks in Bangladesh. Sample selection has been made as per the purposive sampling process. The study is based on the secondary data and uses quantitative analysis approach. Data are collected from Review of CSR Initiatives in Banks brought out by the Central Bank of Bangladesh, annual reports of the respective banks and reputed Journals. The study period has covered from 1st July, 2012- 30th June, 2013. The study found that there is a significant relationship between levels of CSR and CFP, bank size, the level of risk in the bank and ADINT commercial banks in Bangladesh.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.10(2) 2015; 57-66
The Solarevolution: Much More with Way Less, Right Now—The Disruptive Shift to Renewables
Authors: Swenson Ron
Published: August 2016

Renewable energy resources and technologies are sufficient to meet all of humanity’s energy requirements, provided that the transition to renewables is accompanied in parallel by intense, disciplined initiatives to design, fabricate, and distribute ubiquitously an emerging class of ultra-efficient energy consuming devices. Renewables can thereby power devices which are disruptively more energy-efficient in the delivery of fundamental energy services (food production, cooking, heating, cooling, mobility, logistics, lighting, industrial processes, information systems, etc.). Rather than substituting new energy sources to directly power legacy devices that were originally designed on the basis of fossil fuels, designers will develop these novel devices to deliver superior performance in all respects: cleaner, safer, more durable, more convenient, and more economical. This Solarevolution, like the Industrial Revolution two hundred years ago, is about transforming the artifacts of human society. Just as labor-saving machinery replaced manual and animal labor when James Watt invented the steam engine, so now energy-saving devices powered directly by non-polluting solar electricity are beginning to replace those inefficient brute force artifacts that still depend on the burning of fossil fuels. Building upon historic perspectives and the careful examination of key renewable energy qualities, four case studies will be highlighted, not to resolve all of the issues, but to instantiate the pivotal role of design science to avert the most severe impacts of global warming and strategic resources depletion. While great attention has been given to debating the net energy of renewable energy generation technologies, the stability of society depends just as much on redesigning energy-consuming technologies, overcoming the temptation, for example, of using biofuels to feed gas-guzzling energy hogs left over from the fossil fuel era—to run internal combustion engines that can’t deliver more than 1% net efficiency. Applying the engineering principle of doing way more with way less, right now, humanity has the possibility of a bright, more secure future.
Optimal Power Flow Using the Jaya Algorithm
Authors: Warid Warid , Hizam Hashim , Mariun Norman , Abdul-Wahab Noor
Published: August 2016

This paper presents application of a new effective metaheuristic optimization method namely, the Jaya algorithm to deal with different optimum power flow (OPF) problems. Unlike other population-based optimization methods, no algorithm-particular controlling parameters are required for this algorithm. In this work, three goal functions are considered for the OPF solution: generation cost minimization, real power loss reduction, and voltage stability improvement. In addition, the effect of distributed generation (DG) is incorporated into the OPF problem using a modified formulation. For best allocation of DG unit(s), a sensitivity-based procedure is introduced. Simulations are carried out on the modified IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus networks to determine the effectiveness of the Jaya algorithm. The single objective optimization cases are performed both with and without DG. For all considered cases, results demonstrate that Jaya algorithm can produce an optimum solution with rapid convergence. Statistical analysis is also carried out to check the reliability of the Jaya algorithm. The optimal solution obtained by the Jaya algorithm is compared with different stochastic algorithms, and demonstrably outperforms them in terms of solution optimality and solution feasibility, proving its effectiveness and potential. Notably, optimal placement of DGs results in even better solutions.
Analysis of Photovoltaic Self-Consumption Systems
Authors: Sarasa-Maestro Carlos , Dufo-López Rodolfo , Bernal-Agustín José
Published: August 2016

Components and installation prices could make the self-consumption of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems competitive. In this paper, we explore different self-consumption options, off-grid PV systems (with back-up generator and/or batteries), and grid-connected PV systems under net-metering policies. The calculation of the net present cost (NPC) reveals that the grid-connected PV-only case (for the net-metering scheme) is the most attractive from the technical and financial points of view, with a levelised cost of energy less than 0.1 €/kWh. Off-grid PV + Diesel + Batteries has a higher cost, around two or three times the grid-connected PV-only under net metering. Additionally, the off-grid PV + Diesel is less attractive from a financial point of view, which has a cost of around 10 times the PV-only under net metering. In addition, the values of life cycle CO2 emissions in each of the cases studied have been compared, and we have concluded that although the off-grid PV + Diesel + Batteries system presents lower CO2 emissions than the PV-only system, the existence of batteries does not allow one to affirm that the PV + Diesel + Batteries system is the best from an environmental point of view.
From Litter to Humus in a Norwegian Spruce Forest: Long-Term Studies on the Decomposition of Needles and Cones
Authors: Hågvar Sigmund
Published: August 2016

The aim of this review and synthesis is to illustrate the gradual transformation of needles and cones from litter to humus. Individual needles may follow quite different decomposition pathways, which contributes to a diverse humus structure. In the litter layer (Oi), about 40% of the needles were excavated by special mites that produced slowly decomposable excrements. In the fermentation layer (Oe), needles which happened to be in close contact with fine roots decomposed more rapidly. Cones decomposed slower than needles during the first 3–5 years, so the role of cones in carbon (C) storage may be greater than indicated by their fraction of fresh litter. Over a 13 years period, potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) in cones was released, while the total amount of calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) increased strongly. Nitrogen concentration increased but the total nitrogen content remained rather constant. After 13 years, the cones had sunk about 6 cm into the soil and lost 60% of their dry weight but were morphologically intact. A cone monitored for 28 years was fully recognizable and had not yet reached the stable Oa layer. The most inert decomposition products in the Oa layer were fragments of needles and cone scales, microarthropod excrements and chitinous insect remains.
Finding Common Ground: Environmental Ethics, Social Justice, and a Sustainable Path for Nature-Based Health Promotion
Authors: Jennings Viniece , Yun Jessica , Larson Lincoln
Published: August 2016

Decades of research have documented continuous tension between anthropocentric needs and the environment’s capacity to accommodate those needs and support basic human welfare. The way in which society perceives, manages, and ultimately utilizes natural resources can be influenced by underlying environmental ethics, or the moral relationship that humans share with the natural world. This discourse often centers on the complex interplay between the tangible and intangible benefits associated with nonhuman nature (e.g., green space), both of which are relevant to public health. When ecosystem degradation is coupled with socio-demographic transitions, additional concerns related to distributional equity and justice can arise. In this commentary, we explore how environmental ethics can inform the connection between the ecosystem services from green space and socially just strategies of health promotion.
An Overview of the Control of Bacterial Pathogens in Cattle Manure
Authors: Manyi-Loh Christy , Mamphweli Sampson , Meyer Edson , Makaka Golden , Simon Michael , Okoh Anthony
Published: August 2016

Cattle manure harbors microbial constituents that make it a potential source of pollution in the environment and infections in humans. Knowledge of, and microbial assessment of, manure is crucial in a bid to prevent public health and environmental hazards through the development of better management practices and policies that should govern manure handling. Physical, chemical and biological methods to reduce pathogen population in manure do exist, but are faced with challenges such as cost, odor pollution, green house gas emission, etc. Consequently, anaerobic digestion of animal manure is currently one of the most widely used treatment method that can help to salvage the above-mentioned adverse effects and in addition, produces biogas that can serve as an alternative/complementary source of energy. However, this method has to be monitored closely as it could be fraught with challenges during operation, caused by the inherent characteristics of the manure. In addition, to further reduce bacterial pathogens to a significant level, anaerobic digestion can be combined with other methods such as thermal, aerobic and physical methods. In this paper, we review the bacterial composition of cattle manure as well as methods engaged in the control of pathogenic microbes present in manure and recommendations that need to be respected and implemented in order to prevent microbial contamination of the environment, animals and humans.
Mapping the Racial Inequality in Place: Using Youth Perceptions to Identify Unequal Exposure to Neighborhood Environmental Hazards
Authors: Teixeira Samantha , Zuberi Anita
Published: August 2016

Black youth are more likely than white youth to grow up in poor, segregated neighborhoods. This racial inequality in the neighborhood environments of black youth increases their contact with hazardous neighborhood environmental features including violence and toxic exposures that contribute to racial inequality in youth health and well-being. While the concept of neighborhood effects has been studied at length by social scientists, this work has not been as frequently situated within an environmental justice (EJ) paradigm. The present study used youth perceptions gained from in-depth interviews with youth from one Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania neighborhood to identify neighborhood environmental health hazards. We then mapped these youth-identified features to examine how they are spatially and racially distributed across the city. Our results suggest that the intersection of race and poverty, neighborhood disorder, housing abandonment, and crime were salient issues for youth. The maps show support for the youths’ assertions that the environments of black and white individuals across the city of Pittsburgh differ in noteworthy ways. This multi-lens, mixed-method analysis was designed to challenge some of the assumptions we make about addressing environmental inequality using youths’ own opinions on the issue to drive our inquiry.
China’s Land-Use Changes during the Past 300 Years: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Miao Lijuan , Zhu Feng , Sun Zhanli , Moore John , Cui Xuefeng
Published: August 2016

Understanding the processes of historical land-use change is crucial to the research of global environmental sustainability. Here we examine and attempt to disentangle the evolutionary interactions between land-use change and its underlying causes through a historical lens. We compiled and synthesized historical land-use change and various biophysical, political, socioeconomic, and technical datasets, from the Qing dynasty to modern China. The analysis reveals a clear transition period between the 1950s and the 1980s. Before the 1950s, cropland expanded while forested land diminished, which was also accompanied by increasing population; after the 1980s land-use change exhibited new characteristics: changes in cropland, and decoupling of forest from population as a result of agricultural intensification and globalization. Chinese political policies also played an important and complex role, especially during the 1950s–1980s transition periods. Overall, climate change plays an indirect but fundamental role in the dynamics of land use via a series of various cascading effects such as shrinking agricultural production proceeding to population collapse and outbreaks of war. The expected continuation of agricultural intensification this century should be able to support increasing domestic demand for richer diets, but may not be compatible with long-term environmental sustainability.
Study of Different Sol-Gel Coatings to Enhance the Lifetime of PDMS Devices: Evaluation of Their Biocompatibility
Authors: Aymerich María , Gómez-Varela Ana , Álvarez Ezequiel , Flores-Arias María
Published: August 2016

A study of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) sol-gel–coated channels fabricated using soft lithography and a laser direct writing technique is presented. PDMS is a biocompatible material that presents a high versatility to reproduce several structures. It is widely employed in the fabrication of preclinical devices due to its advantages but it presents a rapid chemical deterioration to organic solvents. The use of sol-gel layers to cover the PDMS overcomes this problem since it provides the robustness of glass for the structures made with PDMS, decreasing its deterioration and changing the biocompatibility of the surface. In this work, PDMS channels are coated with three different kinds of sol-gel compositions (60MTES/40TEOS, 70MTES/30TISP and 80MTES/20TISP). The endothelial cell adhesion to the different coated devices is evaluated in order to determine the most suitable sol-gel preparation conditions to enhance cellular adhesion.
Combined Effects of Non-Conforming Fly Ash and Recycled Masonry Aggregates on Mortar Properties
Authors: Torres-Gómez Ana , Ledesma Enrique , Otero Rocio , Fernández José , Jiménez José , De Brito Jorge
Published: August 2016

This work evaluates the effects of using non-conforming fly ash (Nc-FA) generated in a thermoelectric power plant as filler material for mortars made with natural sand (NA) and recycled sand from masonry waste (FRMA). The incorporation of powdered recycled masonry filler (R-MF) is also tested as an alternative to siliceous filler (Si-F). Three families of mortars were designed to study: the effect of replacing Si-F with Nc-FA on mortars made with NA; the effect of replacing Si-F with Nc-FA on mortars made with 50% of NA and 50% of FRMA; and the effect of replacing Si-F with R-MF on mortars made with NA and FRMA. Replacing Si-F with Nc-FA is a viable alternative that increases the mechanical strength, the workability and durability properties and decreases the shrinkage. The use of FRMA and Nc-FA improved the mechanical strength of mortars, and it slightly increased the shrinkage. The replacement of Si-F with R-MF on mortars made with FRMA is not a good alternative, because it has a negative impact on all of the properties tested. This work can help both to reduce cement and natural resources’ consumption and to increase the recycling rate of Nc-FA and FRMA.
Screening of Osteogenic-Enhancing Short Peptides from BMPs for Biomimetic Material Applications
Authors: Kanie Kei , Kurimoto Rio , Tian Jing , Ebisawa Katsumi , Narita Yuji , Honda Hiroyuki , Kato Ryuji
Published: August 2016

Bone regeneration is an important issue in many situations, such as bone fracture and surgery. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are promising cell sources for bone regeneration. Bone morphogenetic proteins and their bioactive peptides are biomolecules known to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, fibrosis can arise during the development of implantable biomaterials. Therefore, it is important to control cell organization by enhancing osteogenic proliferation and differentiation and inhibiting fibroblast proliferation. Thus, we focused on the screening of such osteogenic-enhancing peptides. In the present study, we developed new peptide array screening platforms to evaluate cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts, UC-MSCs and fibroblasts. The conditions for the screening platform were first defined using UC-MSCs and an osteogenic differentiation peptide known as W9. Next, in silico screening to define the candidate peptides was carried out to evaluate the homology of 19 bone morphogenetic proteins. Twenty-five candidate 9-mer peptides were selected for screening. Finally, the screening of osteogenic-enhancing (osteogenic cell-selective proliferation and osteogenic differentiation) short peptide was carried out using the peptide array method, and three osteogenic-enhancing peptides were identified, confirming the validity of this screening.
Synthesis and Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane (WBPU)/Modified Lignin Amine (MLA) Adhesive: A Promising Adhesive Material
Authors: Rahman Mohammad , Zahir Md. , Kim Han
Published: August 2016

A series of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/modified lignin amine (MLA) adhesives was prepared using MLA as a chain extender by a prepolymer mixing process. A successful Mannich reaction was achieved during the synthesis of MLA by reacting lignin with bis(3-aminopropyl)amine. Higher tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and thermal stability were recorded for WBPU/MLA adhesives with higher MLA contents. The WBPU/MLA adhesive materials were used to coat polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrates. The adhesive strength increased with increasing MLA content. More importantly, the MLA also enhanced the WBPU/MLA coating in terms of adhesive strength at moderately high temperatures as well as under natural weather exposed conditions. The adhesive strength was essentially unaffected with 6.48 mol % MLA in the WBPU/MLA coating after exposure to natural weather conditions for 180 days.
Interferometric SAR Coherence Models for Characterization of Hemiboreal Forests Using TanDEM-X Data
Authors: Olesk Aire , Praks Jaan , Antropov Oleg , Zalite Karlis , Arumäe Tauri , Voormansik Kaupo
Published: August 2016

In this study, four models describing the interferometric coherence of the forest vegetation layer are proposed and compared with the TanDEM-X data. Our focus is on developing tools for hemiboreal forest height estimation from single-pol interferometric SAR measurements, suitable for wide area forest mapping with limited a priori information. The multi-temporal set of 19 TanDEM-X interferometric pairs and the 90th percentile forest height maps are derived from Airborne LiDAR Scanning (ALS), covering an area of 2211 ha of forests over Estonia. Three semi-empirical models along with the Random Volume over Ground (RVoG) model are examined for applicable parameter ranges and model performance under various conditions for over 3000 forest stands. This study shows that all four models performed well in describing the relationship between forest height and interferometric coherence. Use of an advanced model with multiple parameters is not always justified when modeling the volume decorrelation in the boreal and hemiboreal forests. The proposed set of semi-empirical models, show higher robustness compared to a more advanced RVoG model under a range of seasonal and environmental conditions during data acquisition. We also examine the dynamic range of parameters that different models can take and propose optimal conditions for forest stand height inversion for operationally-feasible scenarios.
Experimental Evaluation of Three Designs of Electrodynamic Flexural Transducers
Authors: Eriksson Tobias , Laws Michael , Kang Lei , Fan Yichao , Ramadas Sivaram , Dixon Steve
Published: August 2016

Three designs for electrodynamic flexural transducers (EDFT) for air-coupled ultrasonics are presented and compared. An all-metal housing was used for robustness, which makes the designs more suitable for industrial applications. The housing is designed such that there is a thin metal plate at the front, with a fundamental flexural vibration mode at ∼50 kHz. By using a flexural resonance mode, good coupling to the load medium was achieved without the use of matching layers. The front radiating plate is actuated electrodynamically by a spiral coil inside the transducer, which produces an induced magnetic field when an AC current is applied to it. The transducers operate without the use of piezoelectric materials, which can simplify manufacturing and prolong the lifetime of the transducers, as well as open up possibilities for high-temperature applications. The results show that different designs perform best for the generation and reception of ultrasound. All three designs produced large acoustic pressure outputs, with a recorded sound pressure level (SPL) above 120 dB at a 40 cm distance from the highest output transducer. The sensitivity of the transducers was low, however, with single shot signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) ≃ 15 dB in transmit–receive mode, with transmitter and receiver 40 cm apart.
A Bevel Gear Quality Inspection System Based on Multi-Camera Vision Technology
Authors: Liu Ruiling , Zhong Dexing , Lyu Hongqiang , Han Jiuqiang
Published: August 2016

Surface defect detection and dimension measurement of automotive bevel gears by manual inspection are costly, inefficient, low speed and low accuracy. In order to solve these problems, a synthetic bevel gear quality inspection system based on multi-camera vision technology is developed. The system can detect surface defects and measure gear dimensions simultaneously. Three efficient algorithms named Neighborhood Average Difference (NAD), Circle Approximation Method (CAM) and Fast Rotation-Position (FRP) are proposed. The system can detect knock damage, cracks, scratches, dents, gibbosity or repeated cutting of the spline, etc. The smallest detectable defect is 0.4 mm × 0.4 mm and the precision of dimension measurement is about 40–50 μm. One inspection process takes no more than 1.3 s. Both precision and speed meet the requirements of real-time online inspection in bevel gear production.
Quantitative Inspection of Remanence of Broken Wire Rope Based on Compressed Sensing
Authors: Zhang Juwei , Tan Xiaojiang
Published: August 2016

Most traditional strong magnetic inspection equipment has disadvantages such as big excitation devices, high weight, low detection precision, and inconvenient operation. This paper presents the design of a giant magneto-resistance (GMR) sensor array collection system. The remanence signal is collected to acquire two-dimensional magnetic flux leakage (MFL) data on the surface of wire ropes. Through the use of compressed sensing wavelet filtering (CSWF), the image expression of wire ropes MFL on the surface was obtained. Then this was taken as the input of the designed back propagation (BP) neural network to extract three kinds of MFL image geometry features and seven invariant moments of defect images. Good results were obtained. The experimental results show that nondestructive inspection through the use of remanence has higher accuracy and reliability compared with traditional inspection devices, along with smaller volume, lighter weight and higher precision.
A Low-Complexity ESPRIT-Based DOA Estimation Method for Co-Prime Linear Arrays
Authors: Sun Fenggang , Gao Bin , Chen Lizhen , Lan Peng
Published: August 2016

The problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is investigated for co-prime array, where the co-prime array consists of two uniform sparse linear subarrays with extended inter-element spacing. For each sparse subarray, true DOAs are mapped into several equivalent angles impinging on the traditional uniform linear array with half-wavelength spacing. Then, by applying the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), the equivalent DOAs are estimated, and the candidate DOAs are recovered according to the relationship among equivalent and true DOAs. Finally, the true DOAs are estimated by combining the results of the two subarrays. The proposed method achieves a better complexity–performance tradeoff as compared to other existing methods.
Healthy Communities: What Have We Learned and Where do We Go from Here?
Authors: Marx Jerry
Published: August 2016

Systems theory[1,2]suggests that healthy communities promote healthy individual development.[...]
Research of Coalbed Methane Development Well-Type Optimization Method Based on Unit Technical Cost
Authors: Li Shiqun , Zhang Baosheng
Published: August 2016

Coalbed Methane (CBM) is a high-quality unconventional energy resource. The successful development and utilization of a CBM resource needs to consider technical feasibility and economic viability. These factors are also necessary for the improvement of production safety in coal mines, reducing carbon emission, and optimizing energy structure. Because of its unique resource characteristics, surface drilling is the prevailing development approach all over the world. Directional and horizontal wells are generally the two major well-types for CBM development. Development well-type is an important factor affecting CBM efficient development, as it is a key factor in the process of the economic and effective development of CBM resource. In this paper, a method based on Unit Technical Cost (UTC) will be constructed from the perspective of economic viability, and will be used for more simple and accurate optimization of CBM. This method is used for practical well-type optimization in two major CBM development basins in China, and the application results prove that this method is scientifically accurate and feasible.
Varespladib (LY315920) Appears to Be a Potent, Broad-Spectrum, Inhibitor of Snake Venom Phospholipase A2 and a Possible Pre-Referral Treatment for Envenomation
Authors: Lewin Matthew , Samuel Stephen , Merkel Janie , Bickler Philip
Published: August 2016

Snakebite remains a neglected medical problem of the developing world with up to 125,000 deaths each year despite more than a century of calls to improve snakebite prevention and care. An estimated 75% of fatalities from snakebite occur outside the hospital setting. Because phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity is an important component of venom toxicity, we sought candidate PLA2 inhibitors by directly testing drugs. Surprisingly, varespladib and its orally bioavailable prodrug, methyl-varespladib showed high-level secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) inhibition at nanomolar and picomolar concentrations against 28 medically important snake venoms from six continents. In vivo proof-of-concept studies with varespladib had striking survival benefit against lethal doses of Micrurus fulvius and Vipera berus venom, and suppressed venom-induced sPLA2 activity in rats challenged with 100% lethal doses of M. fulvius venom. Rapid development and deployment of a broad-spectrum PLA2 inhibitor alone or in combination with other small molecule inhibitors of snake toxins (e.g., metalloproteases) could fill the critical therapeutic gap spanning pre-referral and hospital setting. Lower barriers for clinical testing of safety tested, repurposed small molecule therapeutics are a potentially economical and effective path forward to fill the pre-referral gap in the setting of snakebite.
WHERE STARS FORM: INSIDE-OUT GROWTH AND COHERENT STAR FORMATION FROM HST Hα MAPS OF 3200 GALAXIES ACROSS THE MAIN SEQUENCE AT 0.7 < z < 1.5
Authors: Nelson Erica June , van Dokkum Pieter G. , Förster Schreiber Natascha M. , Franx Marijn , Brammer Gabriel B. , Momcheva Ivelina G. , Wuyts Stijn , Whitaker Katherine E. , Skelton Rosalind E. , Fumagalli Mattia , Hayward Christopher C. , Kriek Mariska , Labbé Ivo , Leja Joel , Rix Hans-Walter , Tacconi Linda J. , Wel Arjen van der , Bosch Frank C. van den , Oesch Pascal A. , Dickey Claire , Lange Johannes Ulf
Published: August 2016

We present Hα maps at 1 kpc spatial resolution for star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1, made possible by the Wide Field Camera 3 grism on Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Employing this capability over all five 3D-HST/CANDELS fields provides a sample of 3200 galaxies enabling a division into subsamples based on stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR). By creating deep stacked Hα images, we reach surface brightness limits of 1 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2, allowing us to map the distribution of ionized gas to ∼10 kpc for typical L* galaxies at this epoch. We find that the spatial extent of the Hα distribution increases with stellar mass as

kpc. The Hα emission is more extended than the stellar continuum emission, consistent with inside-out assembly of galactic disks. This effect grows stronger with mass as

. We map the Hα distribution as a function of SFR(IR+UV) and find evidence for “coherent star formation” across the SFR–M
* plane: above the main sequence (MS), Hα is enhanced at all radii; below the MS, Hα is depressed at all radii. This suggests that at all masses the physical processes driving the enhancement or suppression of star formation act throughout the disks of galaxies. At high masses (

), above the MS, Hα is particularly enhanced in the center, potentially building bulges and/or supermassive black holes. Below the MS, a strong central dip in the EW(Hα), as well as the inferred specific SFR, appears. Importantly, though, across the entirety of the SFR–M
* plane, the absolute SFR as traced by Hα is always centrally peaked, even in galaxies below the MS.