bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Benefits and Costs of Stealth From The Aircraft Designer’s Viewpoint
Authors: Whitford R.
Published: April 2021

The reduction or other control of an aircraft’s radar, infrared, visual and acoustic signatures can greatly improve its survival, resulting in improved weapons` effectiveness. Although radar and infrared stealth are important, other aspects of low observability (i.e. acouctic and visual) cannot be ignored. However, this paper, for reasons of brevity, focuses on control of radar and infrared signatures. The topics of: benefits of signature control; contributions of an aircraft to its radar cross section (RCS) and infrared (IR) signature; methods to reduce RCS and IR signature; penalties/costs of signature reduction, in terms of performance, volume, weight and maintenance; and use of radar absorbing materials are addressed. The conclusion is that while signature control is important, there are penalties to be paid. Signature reduction has become yet another factor to be concidered in the series of compromises made during aircraft design trade-offs.
Direct Search in Conceptual Design
Authors: Skvortsov E. B.
Published: April 2021

The notion Concept implies a set of rules and ideas combining in a common intention actual principles for application, structure and form of a future artificial object. A rational concept is considered as a product of "conceptual design", which is nothing more than a step-by-step research on the possibility of achieving a desired goal. It precedes a full-scale development oriented to the project implementation. The author studies conceptual design as the process of idea evolution involving several s tages (Fig. 1). One of them is considered, for which an effort is made to generate an effective methodology of direct search for a rational concept with due regard for system and other methods.
Transonic Wing Design Using Inverse and Optimization Methods
Authors: Bolsunovsky A. L. , Buzoverya N. P.
Published: April 2021

Presented is an effective procedure for aerodynamic design of transonic wings, based on joint use of fast method for direct calculation and inverse and numerical optimization methods developed by the authors. Each component of the procedure developed is described. Some examples of designing sophisticated advanced configurations are given.
FINITE ELEMENT IMPLEMENTATION OF GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR CONTACT
Authors: Faltus Ondřej , Horák Martin
Published: April 2021

The OOFEM finite element software has been recently updated to include contact algorithms for small strain applications. In this work, we attempt to extend the contact algorithms to large strain problems. Reviewing the current code and comparing it with approaches encountered in literature, we arrive at a specific algorithmic solution and integrate it into the current code base. The current code is explained, the necessary extensions are derived and documented, and the algorithmic changes are described. Tests confirm the functionality and quadratic rate of convergence of the proposed implementation.
MODELING TIME-DEPENDENT DEFORMATIONS OF CONCRETE MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC DRYING
Authors: Horák Pavel , Havlásek Petr
Published: April 2021

The time-dependent behavior of concrete members with uniform cross-section subjected to symmetric drying can be predicted with one of many models anchored in the design codes. Since these models use the cross-sectional approach, only the average quantities can be obtained. More complex phenomena can be investigated by means of a coupled hygro-mechanical finite element analysis. Owing to insufficient or missing experimental data, the input parameters for the moisture transport model are often tuned to match the development of axial shrinkage or moisture loss measured on small-scale laboratory specimens. In this paper it is assessed whether this approach leads to a unique set of parameters of the Bažant-Najjar model for moisture diffusion. Additionally, for the selected sets of parameters the analysis is repeated with modified size and/or boundary conditions leading to asymmetric drying and the results are discussed.
INCREASING THE BIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE OF GYPSUM BY MEANS OF SILVER, CALCIUM AND COPPER IONS
Authors: Prošek Zdeněk , Sekavová Hana , Ryparová Pavla
Published: April 2021

The article focuses on the effects of additives increasing biological resistance of gypsum against degradation of the material. In this study we use silver nitrate, calcium oxide and copper sulphate as an additive that improves biological resistance of gypsum composites. The amount of addition was calculated so that the amount of ions was 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. %. Microbial degradation was determined as the degree of resistance of materials to the occurrence of bacteria and molds by optical and electron microscope. The results obtained from these samples were compared with references materials created in the laboratory and available on today’s market. The results show a positive effect of silver and copper ions on the bioresistance of gypsum.
Administración pública, ciudadanía y transparencia
Authors: Mendoza Juárez Alfonso
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo aborda la importancia de la transparencia en la democracia como elemento indispensable para hacer efectivos los medios de participación ciudadana. Dentro de estos medios de participación ciudadana encontramos instrumentos como la consulta ciudadana, iniciativa de ley, candidaturas independientes y la revocación de mandato, y, pese a su inclusión, han demostrado no ser efectivos, no obstante, existen otras formas en que la ciudadanía hace frente a las problemáticas que actualmente afectan la región.
Impugnación de resoluciones administrativas Antidumping en México
Authors: Saldaña Pérez Juan Manuel
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se estudian los mecanismos de impugnación de las resoluciones antidumping emitidas por la Secretaría de Economía de México, esto es la vía interna, mediante recurso de revocación, juicio de nulidad y juicio de amparo y la vía externa o arbitral, ante el Órgano de Solución de Diferencias de la OMC o a través de un panel binacional del Tratado Estados Unido, México y Canadá (T-MEC). Finalmente, se analiza el derecho que aplica un panel binacional al fondo de la controversia, en el caso de resoluciones definitivas antidumping emitidas por la autoridad competente mexicana y estadounidense, respectivamente.
Sentires y expectativas de algunos niños, niñas y jóvenes del municipio de Caucasia sobre Hidroituango
Authors: Arroyo Ortega Adriana
Published: April 2021

El presente texto busca acercarse a algunos de los sentires otorgados por niños, niñas y adolescentes del municipio de Caucasia frente al pro­yecto de Hidroituango, el río y las afectaciones que han tenido que asu­mir a partir de las situaciones de emergencia vivida en el 2018, dado que se encontró que ellos y ellas estaban constantemente invisibilizados frente a lo sucedido y se desconocían sus voces al respecto. La metodo­logía planteada para la investigación de la cual emerge este artículo de resultados fue la investigación-acción-participación, adaptada al trabajo con niños y jóvenes, que permitió estructurar los principales hallazgos alrededor del devenir río, ser como el agua y la acción colectiva territo­rial como apuesta política infantil y juvenil.
LONDRA’DAKİ SİVİL TOPLUM ÖRGÜTLERİNİN TÜRKİYELİ GÖÇMENLERİN UYUMU KONUSUNDAKİ ÇALIŞMALARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: BUZ Sema
Published: April 2021

Göçle ilgili sivil toplum örgütleri göçmenlerin katılım ve güçlenme yoluyla uyumları için çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada Türkiye’den Londra’ya göç edenlerin kurduğu göçmenlere yönelik sivil toplum örgütlerinin göçmenlerin uyumu konusundaki çalışmalarının analizi amaçlanmaktadır. Londra’da 2018 yılında yürütülen araştırmada karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel kısımda kurumlara üye olanlarla 247 nicel görüşme, nitel kısımda ise 11’i yönetici 8’i üye olmak üzere toplam 19 kişi ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır.
Göçmen sivil toplum örgütlerinin göçmenlerin uyumunda katkıları olduğu, yararlanıcılarının daha çok kadınlar ve çocuklar olduğu, kuruluşlara üye olanların daha çok bu kurumlardaki kurslar ve sosyal etkinliklerden yararlandıkları ve bu kurumları işlevsel buldukları görülmektedir. Ancak kurumların daha fazla kültürel ve ana akım topluma yakınlaştıran etkinlikler sunması, daha fazla danışmanlık ve destek hizmeti vermesi gerektiği yönünde değerlendirmeler ortaya çıkmıştır.
Bu kurumların yönetici ve üyeleri iyi bir uyum için göçmenler, ev sahibi toplum ve derneklere pek çok sorumluluk düştüğünü de belirtmişlerdir.
A collaborative design model to support hybrid learning environments during COVID19
Authors: Cochrane Thomas , Birt James , Cowie Neil , Deneen Chris , Goldacre Paul , Narayan Vickel , Ransom Lisa , Sinfield David , Worthington Tom
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 has catalyzed online learning environment design across all university disciplines, including the traditionally practice-based disciplines. As we move from a rapid response triage mode of online learning towards a more sustained engagement with a mix of online and face-to- face learning environments (particularly for practice-based learning) we face some unique challenges. This concise paper explores an example of collaborative co-creation and co-design of a resource guide as a response to the challenges of COVID-19 for best practices for designing hybrid learning environments to facilitate distributed learning environments (face-to-face and remote students). The co-creative co-design of the resource guide highlights some of the identified key design principles behind facilitating distributed learning communities.
Potrzeba zaangażowania lokalnych społeczności w przyszłość nieruchomego dziedzictwa kulturowego
Authors: Ćwik Aleksandra
Published: April 2021

The discussion about cultural heritage versus development has been touched upon in many publications, and the role of cultural heritage is being deployed increasingly into transforming mere development efforts into efforts for sustainable development. By analysing recent literature which indicates the need for facilitation of cooperation between authorities and local communities, the theory of ownership and value of cultural heritage, and the close relationship between heritage protection and sustainable development, the article aims to discuss the role of the local community in managing monuments. The most relevant conclusions include the link between the protection of cultural heritage and the improvement of the quality of life of residents, their sense of identity and more durable bonds with the place of residence and the strife toward the achievement of local, sustainable development goals.
Potencjał intelektualny uczniów z zespołem Downa i orzeczoną niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w opinii ich rodziców
Authors: Popowska Krystyna
Published: April 2021

Research was conducted to find out about the parents’ opinions on the intellectual potential of their children with Down syndrome and diagnosed intellectual disability studying in 4–8 grades of common, integration and special schools. Additionally, the factors determining the respondents’ opinions were analyzed. The paper uses the author’s questionnaire was placed on groups for parents of children with Down syndrome on the social network site Facebook. In addition, surveys were sent by e-mail to the primary school districts and non-governmental organizations that help children with Down syndrome. Fifty two questionnaires were collected. The results indicate that, despite intellectual disability, parents recognize the intellectual potential of their children. It can be assumed that assessments of the intellectual potential of students with Down syndrome and diagnosed intellectual disability are determined by their siblings in the intellectual norm, gender, using verbal speech, communication skills, social skills and opinions of their parents about their successes in school and progress as a result of the therapy.
Intellectual potential of pupils with Down syndrome and diagnosed intellectual disability in the opinion of their parents
Authors: Popowska Krystyna
Published: April 2021

Research was conducted to find out about the parents’ opinions on the intellectual potential of their children with Down syndrome and diagnosed intellectual disability studying in 4–8 grades of common, integration and special schools. Additionally, the factors determining the respondents’ opinions were analyzed. The paper uses the author’s questionnaire was placed on groups for parents of children with Down syndrome on the social network site Facebook. In addition, surveys were sent by e-mail to the primary school districts and non-governmental organizations that help children with Down syndrome. Fifty two questionnaires were collected. The results indicate that, despite intellectual disability, parents recognize the intellectual potential of their children. It can be assumed that assessments of the intellectual potential of students with Down syndrome and diagnosed intellectual disability are determined by their siblings in the intellectual norm, gender, using verbal speech, communication skills, social skills and opinions of their parents about their successes in school and progress as a result of the therapy.
Mediation in Georgia. Development perspectives and challenges
Authors: Bibiluri Megi
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the legal and systemic issues of the creation of a modern mediation institution in Georgia. It discusses Georgia’s historic experience traditions of settlements of disputes by means of peaceful methods, part of which are still preserved in the high mountainous regions of the country. In 2013, the country was also introduced to the mediation for settlement of collective labour disputes, which is implemented by active involvement from the government. Already existing statistics demonstrate that mediation in the given sphere is effective and actually serves for the settlement of disputes between employers and groups of employees. In 2019, Georgia adopted the law on mediation, which regulates the issue of private mediation conduction andexecution of achieved agreements. Mediators training and professional development system were created. By the adoption of the given Law ended the almost eightyear phase of mediation legal and institutional regulation,which,  according to the opinion of the author of the article, was a process prolonged in time. Unified Law could have been adopted at the early stage of the reform which would have made the process of extensive usage of mediation in the country faster. As reason for introduction of mediation institution in Georgia is named the obligations of the country in the process of integration with the European Union, overloading of civil courts in the country and prolonged disputes.
Online Candidate Registration database educational study potential – desk research analytical method
Authors: Nalaskowski Filip , Dejna Dagna
Published: April 2021

The text presents and describes the desk research analytical method. As an example of the practical application of the described method and a little-known data source, a short analysis of the database of Online Registration of andidates is presented. The components of the base are presented step by step, along with its information potential. A separate part is the presentation of the possible potential of IRK for educational research – in this case 11 years of candidates for archaeological studies at the Nicolaus Copernicus University. Analysis of the candidates’ origin, study potential, determination to take a specific major, etc.
Przykłady kooperatyw spożywczych w Polsce jako laboratorium inicjatyw społecznościowych
Authors: Skrzypczak Bohdan
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses new forms of social collaboration that have been actively developing in cities for a number of years now. The text analyses the form of social interactions that the author has defined as a community institution. Applying this cognitive category to a reflection on a specific example – a food cooperative – made it possible to capture the characteristic features of a community self-organisation mechanism. Discovering the institutional aspects of the discussed phenomenon made it possible to observe that community collaboration involves an educational process of constructing the common good and consequently – a major potential of pedagogical impact and significant impact on local public policies.
Pozór w edukacji osób z głęboką intelektualną i wieloraką niepełnosprawnością
Authors: Kopeć Danuta
Published: April 2021

The phenomenon of pretence in the Polish educational system of the person with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) will be analized in the context of sociological concept of pretence by Jan Lutynski (1990). The subject of the study was the educational reality of the person with PIMD. Two main questions were formulated. What is the educational reality of the person with PIMD in the micro- and macrosystem context? What is happening in this educational reality? The study was conducted in interpretative paradigm based on quantitative research model using instrumental group case study. The subjects of the study were the people with PIMD (15) and school staff (57). During the study participant observertion, quantitaive deepened interview were used. The symptoms of pretence in education of the person with PIMD on the nmacrosystem level were visible in the form of inconsistencies in the legal acts regulating the course of education. On the microsystem level the manifestation of the pretence was the phenomenon of the “empty minutes” (i.e. time at school not used for the benefit of the person’s development). The results of the study on the macrosystem level suggest lack of the transparency of the legal acts. On the microsystem level the need of developing applicable standards in education of the people with PIMD.
Education and digital competencies of elder adults
Authors: Orłowska Małgorzata , Błeszyńska Krystyna M.
Published: April 2021

The next decade was announced by WHO as the Decade of Healthy Aging. This is the answer to the social issue of highly developed countries, which is the aging of the society. In this context, there is the problem of active participation of seniors in social life, and especially the prevention of their social marginalization. Hence, projects that counteract exclusion and support active aging processes largely refer to modern technologies. Searching for answers to these questions and dilemmas, this text adopts an interdisciplinary approach, situating undertaken analyzes in the context of theories of aging, motivation as well as learning and using new technologies. The conclusions of the research undertaken – theoretical and empirical studies – undermine the hypothesis of digital exclusion of seniors perceived as the age group category. In the light of this research, it seems that education is the factor that influences the development of digital divide and digital inequalities within the community.
Anoreksja niemowlęca – kryteria rozpoznania, etiologia, sposoby leczenia
Authors: Cichecka-Wilk Małgorzata
Published: April 2021

Infantile anorexia is one form of feeding behavior disorder. The group of these disorders usually affects infants and young children whose food consumption in some way deviates from the norm. Their main feature is the difficulty in establishing a regular eating pattern. Which means that the infant does not regulate its eating rhythm according to the physiological feeling of hunger or satiety. In the case of infant anorexia, a characteristic symptom is a persistent reluctance to eat. A sick infant does not signal hunger and is not interested in eating. This leads to a height/weight deficiency and other negative consequences for the child’s development and health. The diagnosis excludes traumatic experiences or a physical illness that could better explain the infant’s reactions. The causes of the occurrence of infantile anorexia are mainly seen in the mental factors related to dysfunctional interactions in the family system, although an increasing amount of research also points to a large role of biological factors in its etiology. Above all, it’s believed to have a very strong genetic component. Infantile anorexia is a potentially curable disease, provided it is diagnosed and appropriate treatment measures are taken. The latter consist in psychotherapy and the introduction of eating patterns. Failure to take such steps may result in the persistence of symptoms and the increased risk of acute or chronic child malnutrition, and in extreme cases may jeopardize the child’s life.
Geneza i rozwój rankingów uczelni wyższych
Authors: Gromkowska-Melosik Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

The Author of the article reconstructs the origin and development of rankings of higher education institutions. In the first part the current ranking are listed and the importance of rankings for universities is stressed. Next, the beginning of American rankings in the XIXth century is presented as well ad turning points in methodologies of evaluation. The rankings created by Charles Babcock and James McKeena Cattell in the first decades of XXth century are analysed. The special attention is paid to changes in criteria used to assess the educational institutions in subsequent decades. In conlusive part the Author criticizes rankings for one-dimensional and reductionist approach to academic world.
Edukacja obywatelska przez sztukę – rola teatru polskiego
Authors: Żardecki Wiesław
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of this analytical paper was to highlight the ideas and phenomena in Polish theatre with regard to their role in civic education, and to determine the original qualities and peculiarities of this area of education through the arts. To that end, Fernand Braudel’s the longue durée (long-term) perspective was adopted and a problematized approach to chronology was used as the principal research method, which allowed to present issues related to development and importance of this substantial trend in education through the arts, which due to its artistic and social importance surely deserves the most important place in the history of Polish theatre. What I construe as civic education theatre is theatrical realization (using a specific language) of a system of values promoting public-spiritedness (the raison d’être of any human community) which is cultivated and enhanced by a given society and which impacts the spiritual life of its members. The analyses performed have shown that this prominent trend in the Polish drama and theatre, prevailing every now and then, and willingly used until this day, abounds in specific values of enormous importance embedded in the history of the Polish culture and the Polish spirit, created by outstanding artists; it is a legacy having no equivalent in other countries. Over the centuries, it has served as the foundation of the nation’s spirituality, becoming the platform for civic political discourse, a symbol of the Polish cultural community, a means of transmitting historical tradition, a significant component of cultural identity, a substitute for social and political life, building self-knowledge and aspirations of a national community. Moreover, a concise review of historical traditions and peculiarities of civic values promoted by theatre in the Polish culture confirms the relationships between the arts and history of different nations, between Polish cultural tradition and our tragic history, between the nation’s identity and human independence in personal and social terms. The analyses are performed in the spirit of education interpreted as a totality of values promoting and protecting public-spiritedness; regarding the examined theatrical trend as the major tradition in the history of Polish theatre; fundamental belief in the national and social function of the Polish theatre; consequently, understanding contemporary theatre as the outcome of the cooperation between progress and tradition. In view of the ongoing globalization and unification processes, awareness of the uniqueness of the major trend in the history of the national theatre and irreplaceable values Polish society may contribute to the multi-cultural European community appears to be one of the major challenges faced by Polish culture and education.
Robuste Positionsstützung von automatisierten fliegenden Systemen durch Referenzmarker für die Präzisionslandung sowie Ortung in Bereichen ohne GNSS-Empfang
Authors: Kathe Endres , do Carmo Lucas Amilcar , Neumann Enrico , Isaac Delso Pedro Miguel
Published: April 2021

Eine besonders kritische Flugphase bei der Automatisierung von unbemannten automatisch fliegenden Systemen (UAV) stellt das Landen dar. Je nach Größe des nutzbaren Flugkorridors und des Landeplatzes sind hier Genauigkeiten im Zentimeterbereich an die Wiederholbarkeit der Flugbahn und Landeposition gefordert. Elektromagnetische Störungen können die Nutzung herkömmlicher Systeme wie GNSS besonders im Landebereich erschweren. Das von IAV entwickelte optische Ortungssystem stellt eine ganzheitliche Entwicklung dar, die über den Aufbau der Referenzmarker, die Einbindung und hardwareseitige Steuerung der Kamera, die Bildverarbeitung und Positionsberechnung bis hin zu der Integration in das Flugsteuerungssystem reicht. Durch den spezifischen Aufbau unseres Systems wird eine hohe Robustheit gegenüber Änderungen der Umgebungsbedingungen erreicht. Zusätzlich wird die Integrität des Systems durch die Schätzung der (Positions-)Genauigkeiten und der Rückmeldung des Zustandes des Gesamtsystems sichergestellt. Durch das Kalibrieren der Landemarkierungen und die Integration des erweiterten Kalman Filters ist zusätzlich eine absolute Ortung im Raum möglich. Die Entwicklung und Tests des Systems erfolgten sowohl in der Simulation als auch unter realen Flugbedingungen.
Gesellschaftsrecht trifft Unternehmensgeschichte: Forschungszugänge und Fallbeispiele
Authors: Fleischer Holger
Published: April 2021

Abstrakt

Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert, wie Gesellschaftsrechtler die Befunde der modernen Unternehmensgeschichte gewinnbringend auswerten und verarbeiten können. Zu diesem Zweck führt er in den gegenwärtigen Stand der Unternehmensgeschichtsschreibung ein und stellt deren wesentliche Literaturquellen vor. Diese bilden auch für die gesellschaftsrechtliche Forschung eine wahre Fundgrube. Ein Zugriff über die Unternehmensgeschichte lässt zum einen die Evolution, Innovation und Adaption gesellschaftsrechtlicher Grundstrukturen lebendig werden. Zum anderen zeigt er, wie die handelnden Individuen rechtliche Spielräume im Hinblick auf die Organisation, Finanzierung und Steuerung ihres Unternehmens genutzt haben und von welchen Motiven sie sich dabei leiten ließen. Ausgewählte Fallbeispiele veranschaulichen, in welcher Weise das Gesellschaftsrecht hiervon profitieren kann.
MÉTODO DE NEWTON-RAPHSON PARA RESOLUÇÃO DE EQUAÇÕES
Authors: De Morais Lucas Henrique , Nunes Yves Eduardo Chifarelli de Oliveira , Corsi Marlon Ferreira
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver códigos de programação baseados no método iterativo de Newton-Raphson para a resolução rápida e eficiente de problemas correlatos às atividades de bordo, por meio de uma linguagem simples e estruturada (Pascal), voltada para um programa livre e capaz de ser processada por dispositivos móveis de plataformas Android ou iOS. Assim, a ferramenta foi desenvolvida com base nas técnicas de processamento voltadas para aplicativos, com base em exemplos mais simplificados e com o uso da verificação e validação da aplicação. O desenvolvimento partiu de uma modelagem  de resolução mais simples para uma mais complexa: equação polinomial (modelo para fluxo de tubulações), equação exponencial (modelo característico de crescimento populacional) e equação trigonométrica (modelo característico da trajetória de um projétil). Dessa forma, foram abordadas as principais variações disponíveis no programa para problemas de viés matemático e também de cunho físico para um sistema bidimensional. Portanto, visa-se também motivar outros estudos para melhor aprimoramento das ferramentas já desenvolvidas, proporcionadas pelo constante avanço tecnológico, as quais podem e devem ser utilizadas cada vez mais na prática marítima, a fim de coletar novos experimentos, aprofundar conceitos e formular conjecturas, de modo a proporcionar o crescimento do meio marítimo como um todo.
The Funeral of Mr. Wang: Life, Death, and Ghosts in Urbanizing China
Authors: Kipnis Andrew B.
Published: April 2021

In rural China funerals are conducted locally, on village land by village elders. But in urban areas, people have neither land for burials nor elder relatives to conduct funerals. Chinese urbanization, which has increased drastically in recent decades, involves the creation of cemeteries, state-run funeral homes, and small private funerary businesses. The Funeral of Mr. Wang examines social change in urbanizing China through the lens of funerals, the funerary industry, and practices of memorialization. It analyzes changes in family life, patterns of urban sociality, transformations in economic relations, the politics of memorialization, and the echoes of these changes in beliefs about the dead and ghosts.
Bribe and Bribery Labeling in Kenyan Anti-Corruption Discourse: A Conceptual Metaphor Perspective
Authors: Onchoke Aunga Solomon , Eric Okwako
Published: April 2021

Corruption in Kenya has been a particularly large problem since its independence from British rule in 1963. This paper explores the motivation behind a cultural specific metaphor of bribe and bribery labeling in Kenya as seen from the conceptual metaphor viewpoint. The study identifies and explains the different terms relating to a bribe and bribery, describes social-cultural values in Kenya, and accounts for the cognitive processes involved in their interpretation. The data includes a list of terms collected from traffic police officers, public transport workers and commuters from different parts of Kenya. These metaphors were identified by the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) created by Pragglejaz Group (2007) and analyzed using the Cognitive Metaphor Theory from Lakoff and Johnson (1987). The results reveal that language spoken by a society is an essential part of its culture, and the lexical distinctions drawn by each language reflect culturally important features of objects, foods, institutions, games, air we breathe and other activities in the society in which the language operates. We argue that conceptual metaphors are conduits of communication, and it is prudent to apply the cognitive linguistic approach for their better contextual appreciation. This paper concludes by suggesting further avenues for research into socio-cultural metaphors, and by calling for the government to innovate new ways of fighting corruption because the players have invented ingenious ways of communicating about it metaphorically beyond comprehension for a lay person.
Interlanguage Errors Based on the Source of Errors in Indonesian College Students’ Pronunciation
Authors: Harunika Arian Pramesta , Sakhiyya Zulfa , Hartono Rudi
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to explore the source of IL errors on male and female students’ pronunciation. The participants in this research were ten college students who were participated in an English speech contest organised by English Student Association of UNNES 2019. The ten participants consist of five male and five female students who came from different kinds of University in Indonesia. In this study, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data by using a video recorder as an instrument to collect the data. The result of this research showed that there were four sources of errors which influenced male and female students in producing IL errors on pronunciation. Those were L1 transfer, different form of plural between L1 and L2, the existence of sounds with the same phonetic features but different in distribution, and English foreign sounds. The second result described that the source of errors on male and female college students was mostly similar, and they had no significant differences. Last result showed that male students made more variation of IL errors on their pronunciation than female students.
Pictorial Metaplan as a Teaching aid to Improve Speaking Skills in Junior High School Students
Authors: Saptanto Deswandito Dwi , Bowo Tri Arie , Nurjanah Ratih Laily
Published: April 2021

This study focuses on improving studentsâ€™ abilities in learning English with the support of Pictorial Metaplan as a teaching aid. The use of this Metaplan aims to improve speaking skills in formal and non-formal contexts. This pictorial Metaplan is a realia in the form of an illustrated carpet with a theme Getting Direction. Pictorial Metaplan focuses on the topic Getting Direction and applied directly to 15 students in the 8th grade of junior high school. The implementation of the use of the Pictorial Metaplan begins with distributing questionnaires and implementing Pre- Test and Post-Test, then direct implementation of using Pictorial Metaplan combined with Total Physical Response (TPR) method. The treatment for students was carried out by dividing two class groups, the control group, and the experimental group. The control group used conventional methods, without using learning aids, while the second group used the Pictorial Metaplan as a teaching aid. Based on the results of Pre-Test and Post-Test show an increase in the results of the values before and after implementing the Pictorial Metaplan. Thus it can be concluded that learning in the experimental group using Pictorial Metaplan is more effective than learning using conventional methods.
La propiedad en la Isla Taquile, Lago Titicaca
Authors: Matos Mar José
Published: April 2021

Un ensayo etnológico y etnohistórico que describe la lucha por la propiedad de las tierras de cultivo de una comunidad indígena de habla quechua ubicada en una isla del Lago Titicaca. En la segunda mitad del siglo XVI fue adjudicada en remate a un español y desde entonces en sucesivos remates a otros hasta el siglo XVIII en que propietarios puneños la explotaron como su hacienda considerando colonos a sus habitantes.En 1942 los indígenas lograron iniciar la compra de sus tierras con título de propiedad, una singular reforma agraria que los hizo dueños respaldados por documentos públicos. Estudio apasionante de las vicisitudes y luchas por lograrlo y de la situación de la isla Taquile en la década 1950.
Queso gourmet desde las alturas del valle del mantaro-perú
Authors: Suárez R. Luis Alberto , Lépez Torres María Arisa
Published: April 2021

En el Perú la agroindustria tiene que convivir con la heterogeneidad de la agricultura de pequeña escala comercial, que en buena cuenta es resultado de una serie de transformaciones pos reforma agraria, la misma que obedece a una lógica propia. La agroindustria ha tenido un mayor impulso durante este último quinquenio, gracias a la creciente demanda del mercado internacional, especialmente por productos orgánicos, como las alcachofas, la papikra, el palmito, el café, el banano, y el cacao, entre otros. Entre el 2000 y el 2007 se produjo un crecimiento sostenido de exportaciones de productos orgánicos, en el 2001 se vendieron productos de agroexportación al exterior por US$ 645 millones, y al cierre del 2006 se logró vender productos que representaron US$ 1.786 millones. Un caso especial lo representa el espárrago, pues el 95% de la producción total se comercializa en el extranjero, en el 2006 los envíos al exterior sumaron US$ 187 millones de dólares.
Oralidad ashaninka del río Perené
Authors: Plasencia Soto Rommel , Sánchez Vásquez Melisa
Published: April 2021

La memoria indígena de los pueblos amazónicos del Perú de hoy, es mostrada en cuatro relatos registrados en la comunidad de Mariscal Cáceres en el valle del río Perené de la selva central peruana.
El autoempleado no existe: una cartografía ideológica de la hegemonía conceptual
Authors: Rosales León Raúl
Published: April 2021

El discurso emprendedor ha legitimado la creencia en el mundo laboral que el autoempleo es la mejor forma de lograr el éxito económico en el proceso de globalización. Desde la teoría de los Estudios Culturales se analizará las coordenadas ideológicas que estructura el discurso emprendedor que produce efectos de verdad en el mercado, el imaginario social y el Estado peruano. Un Estado capturado por la hegemonía conceptual del capitalismo cultural.
Los waringueños y chikwate grande como patrimonio y tradición viva del mundo andino
Authors: Arroyo Aguilar Sabino
Published: April 2021

La cuenca de Huancabamba tiene singular importancia para la región norte del Perú por constituir un espacio cultural cargado de mitos, tradiciones, de historia social y cultural, donde los pueblos y el medio ambiente han tejido una cadena de vida y de sistema de valores, en el contexto de la medicina y la religión andina.
Parte II. Tradicional fiesta patronal en homenaje a la santísima “Virgen de las Nieves”
Authors: Alarcón Calixto Karinna , Barrionuevo Clarissa , Bazán Rojas Arturo , Catacore Carricholi Evelyn , Espinoza Escobar Jacqueline , Espinoza Galván Katia , García Concha Orlando , Lloclle Huillca Orlando , Prado Castro Patricia , Suclupe Gallegos Valeria , Vera Quispe Martin
Published: April 2021

1. Aparición de la Virgen

Se dice que cuatro hermanas caminaban por la nevada Sara-Sara, la Virgen de las Nieves junto con sus tres hermanas: La Virgen del Carmen de Chumpi, la Virgen de Copacabana de Cahuacho y la Virgen de las Nieves de Cora-Cora. Estas mujeres conforme iban descendiendo de dicho nevado iban tomando distinto camino, la mujer que se dirigió a Qasiri era la Virgen de las Nieves.
Analysis of the market of international tourist services of Ukraine (for the period 2007-2017)
Authors: Boyko Zoya V. , Horozhankina Natalia A. , Hrushka Viktor V. , Korneyev Maxim V. , Nebaba Natalia A.
Published: April 2021

The state of development of the tourism industry in Ukraine for the period 2007- 2017 is analyzed. It is established that it does not correspond to the existing potential of tourist resources, and the economic efficiency of the tourism industry is low. One of the main reasons for this situation is the lack of theoretical understanding of the socio-economic nature of tourism as a social phenomenon and its economic significance as a profitable industry. The tourism industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of the world economy. This increases the competitiveness of countries and regions, creating new jobs and improving living standards. It is proved that self-regulation of the tourist market is a necessary condition for its functioning. The dynamics of export-import of tourist services of Ukraine is analyzed. There is a tendency to a slight increase in the cost of services in the last years of the study period. In the interaction “government regulation - market” the primary link is the market, and government regulation is a tool that provides the general conditions of its existence, equalizes the conditions of the start of its subjects and eliminates, if possible, the negative manifestations of the market element. The activities of the tourism industry in Ukraine are analyzed. There is a tendency to reduce the number of enterprises in the tourism industry in recent years of the study period. The rating of tour operators by the number of served tourists and by the reviews of tourists is analyzed. The place and role of the Ukrainian tourism business in the world market of tourist services has been identified. The situation on the world market of tourist services of Ukraine is considered and it is concluded that one of the favorable conditions for tourism development in Ukraine was the adoption of visa-free regime with EU countries, the tourist market gradually recovered after the crisis of 2014, and Ukrainians begin to conquer Europe. 2017 can be called the year of tourism development in Ukraine: the flow increased rapidly, and the number of permits for sale, according to the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, increased by 36%. Citizens of Ukraine who went abroad formed the group that used the services of tourism entities the most. It was found that the largest number of tourism entities is concentrated in the city of Kyiv and in Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and Odessa regions.
Man-made pollution of the environment with coal dust as a result of operation and closure of coal mines
Authors: Gorobei Maryna S. , Yermakov Viкtor M. , Lunova Оksana V.
Published: April 2021

The technological processes of coal mining, enrichment and use, in particular coal combusting is accompanied by formation and release of significant amounts of dust and gases. Atmospheric air protection is one of the most urgent problems of the nowadays technological society, as scientific and technological progress and expansion of production is associated with an increase in negative anthropogenic impacts on the atmosphere. The paper presents a new solution to the current scientific problem of reducing carbon-containing dust content based on the disclosure of the laws of the aerodynamic interaction of dust and water flows in gravitational and electrostatic fields. The authors show in this study the causes of atmosphere pollution with coal-containing dust; main issues of atmospheric air protection at enterprises located in the controlled territory of Ukraine. The data of the first quarter of the 2020 year are presented in the research. The biggest part of the facilities that pollute the atmospheric air are focused in Donetsk and Lugansk regions. It is estimated that the air environment of the underground mine surface complex is filled with exhaust ventilation air of approximately 200.000 m3 per minute with a dust concentration of approximately (5-7) mg / m3, which is equal to 1.5 tons of dust per a day. It is here that the possibility of transporting pollutants over long distances is most often realized. Coarse dust discharged through the ventilation systems of mines is intensively deposited in the sanitary protection zones of mines. Fine dust is carried by the wind outside them, polluting the environment on the distance of up to 3500 m from the coal mine. Emissions of carbon dust into the atmosphere are almost always a major part of transboundary environmental pollution. Mine waste also poses an environmental threat. Technologies of reduction air pollution at the source of carbon-containing dust formation should be used in all new industries of economy. The results obtained reveal the mechanism of interaction of the sprayed liquid with coal dust and can be used in the development of new effective means of controlling the carbon-containing dust. The principles and practices of sustainable development, coupled with local research, will help to contain or eliminate health and environmental risks resulting from air pollution by carbon-containing dust.
Análisis de esfuerzos en túneles excavados en materiales con Ko diferente a 1.0
Authors: Barbosa Carrillo Ricardo E. , Rodríguez Ordoñez Jorge A.
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo se desarrollaron las soluciones elásticas para túneles circulares revestidos, excavados en materiales con un estado inicial de esfuerzos σxo=Koσyo se formularon los modelos para resolver el problema utilizando la técnica de los elementos finitos.
Un método para estimar los requerimientos de almacenamiento de agua con fines de riego
Authors: Buriticá M. Hernando
Published: April 2021

Se presenta un método para el cálculo de los requerimientos de almacenamiento con fines de riego para una finca. Este método es aplicable en primera instancia cuando se proyecta regar con riego por aspersión, pero es aplicable a otros métodos de riego haciendo las adaptaciones pertinentes.
Docentes en investigación según dedicación en la sede de Bogotá
Authors: Gómez Cortés Gabriel , Rodríguez Devis Julio Mario , Salazar Hurtado Luz Amanda
Published: April 2021

El presente informe fue presentado al Foro de Profesores de la Universidad Nacional realizado en el mes de septiembre de 1984. Se pretende mostrar la participación de los docentes según la dedicación en las investigaciones registradas y/o financiadas por el Cindec. En el informe inicial presentado se mostraron los datos hasta junio de 1984. El ingeniero Rodríguez completó y modificó las figuras y tablas con datos obtenidos hasta noviembre de 1984. Comparando los resultados se observa que no hay cambios sustanciales.
Editorial
Authors: Ruge Tellez José Eliades
Published: April 2021

La salida a circulación del 4º Número de la Revista INGENIERIA E INVESTIGACION, además de significar un avance en la paulatina consolidación de este medio de expresión de la Facultad de ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional, nos mueve a hacer algunas consideraciones sobre el papel de nuestra institución, en el contexto de la ingeniería nacional. Ante todo, a través de las múltiples carreras ofrecidas se están suministrando los recursos humanos de alto nivel que el desarrollo de la ingeniería colombiana requiere. No es un nuevo concepto la alta calificación de nuestros egresados y su positivo desempeño en el campo profesional.
Un modelo de simulación de sistemas multirreactivos
Authors: Bogoya Maldonado Daniel
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo se llama la atención sobre la necesidad de desarrollar modelos matemáticos que permitan predecir el comportamiento, mediante simulación de sistemas multirreactivos. Se plantea entonces, la primordial intervención de la Investigación de Operaciones, para la solución del problema expuesto.
Esta presentación comienza con una introducción al problema, luego se comentan algunas generalidades de las reacciones químicas, en forma sencilla, en seguida se formula y explica el modelo generado junto con una secuencia de resolución propuesta y se menciona la generación de un programa de computador, para plasmar el modelo. Finalmente, se dan las conclusiones más importantes del trabajo, así como dos apéndices donde se ilustran, tanto la autodocumentación, como una corrida del programa elaborado.
La organización matricial como la estructura de una facultad
Authors: Astaiza A. Luis Gerardo
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se presentan los posibles diseños basados en la organización matricial, haciendo notar los beneficios si se adoptan como la estructura organizacional de una facultad. En particular, se espera que éste sea un documento de trabajo, de iniciarse un proceso de reestructuración de una facultad como la de Ingeniería.
Consumo de energía de un vehículo de tracción eléctrica
Authors: Suárez Florez Luis
Published: April 2021

Se presenta en este escrito, una metodología para calcular los consumos de energía de un vehículo de tracción eléctrica, bajo diferentes condiciones de: peso, pendiente, tráfico y grado de desarrollo tecnológico del vehículo.
Optimización de la fresadora universal en talladora de engranajes
Authors: Córdoba Nieto Ernesto
Published: April 2021

El trabajo se orienta a lograr la integración y ampliación de los alcances tecnológicos de la fresadora universal mediante su eficiente adecuación tecnológica para fabricar piñones cilíndricos, ejes estriados y coronas. La adaptación que se ha realizado de la fresadora convencional garantiza la fabricación de engranajes por el método de generación centroide con fresa madre y con buen nivel de calidad.
Principios técnicos de la tomografía computarizada
Authors: Martínez Rozo Ricardo
Published: April 2021

Alrededor del año 1972 fue dado a conocer uno de los más interesantes aparatos que revolucionaria los estudios paraclínicos a nivel mundial: la tomografía computarizada. Utilizando equipos secuenciales de Rayos X y de procesamiento automático de información, en un fenomenal acopio de ingenio. Esto le reportó a su inventor, G. Housfield, el primer Premio Nobel de medicina otorgado a un profano de la medicina.
El equipo básico, integrado por un equipo de Rayos X cuyo tubo emisor puede girar 180º a lado y lado del paciente y un computador que integra la información obtenida por el rastreo de los Rayos X, que atraviesan al paciente  y su funcionamiento será analizado en este artículo.