bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Поводження із збідненим ураном
Authors: Tokarevsky V.
Published: December 2021

Розглянуто ефекти радіологічного й токсичного впливу на організм людей збідненого урану, утворення радіоактивних аерозолів , наявність урану-236 у складі збідненого урану, вплив потужних джерел бета-випромінювань при розпаді урану-238. Проаналізовано ризики використання зброї із збідненим ураном.
Сучасний підхід до організації електроживлення систем, важливих для безпеки АЕС у разі знеструмлення власних потреб
Authors: Iokst V. , Yefimova K. , Levakin V. , Iokst O. , Romaniuk M. , Martyniuk B.
Published: December 2021

Розглянуто передумови до перегляду стратегії електропостачання власних потреб АЕС в Україні та нові підходи до організації електропостачання споживачів систем безпеки від внутрішніх резервних джерел електроживлення і мобільних дизель-генераторних електростанцій.
Повітряний інфрачервоний моніторинг об’єктів ядерного паливного циклу в Україні
Authors: Stankevich S. , Dudar Т. , Kovalenko G. , Kartashov V.
Published: December 2021

Розглядається можливість застосування повітряного інфрачервоного моніторингу об’єктів ядерного паливного циклу, зокрема в Україні, на прикладі сухого сховища відпрацьованого ядерного палива Запорізької атомної електростанції. Впровадження інфрачервоного аерознімання забезпечує додаткову інформацію про стан об’єктів моніторингу, засновану на принципово інших фізичних принципах, ніж в існуючих системах. Представлено моделі застосування та технічні вимоги до сучасних зразків інфрачервоної знімальної апаратури та її малогабаритних безпілотних носіїв.
Аналіз характеристик електроохолодчувачів для ОЧГ-детекторів гамма-випромінювання
Authors: Sokolov A. , Pchelintsev A. , Gostilo V.
Published: December 2021

Поява на ринку малогабаритних і, водночас, досить потужних електроохолоджувачів різного типу відкриває перспективу розробки широкого спектра ядерно-фізичної апаратури на основі ОЧГ-детекторів із застосуванням таких електроохолоджувачів. У статті наведено огляд електроохолоджувачів, придатних для охолодження ОЧГ-детекторів, аналіз їх переваг і недоліків для вирішення конкретних завдань зі створення гамма-спектрометричної апаратури для різних застосувань. Представлено приклади реалізації спектрометричної апаратури на основі ОЧГ-детекторів з електроохолоджуванням та її характеристики.
Investigation of the Influence of Gamma Radiation on Structural Transformations in Portlandcement Stone
Authors: Anopko D. , Honchar O. , Kochevykh M. , Kushnierova L.
Published: December 2021

The radiation resistance of concrete under the influence of large doses of gamma radiation was investigated. To study the behavior of concrete under the influence of gamma radiation, two series of samples were taken: оne was the reference sample, and the other was exposed to gamma radiation. The temperature of the irradiated samples during testing did not exceed 40 °C, the reference temperature was also accepted to be 40 °C. The dose of gamma radiation was 109 rad. Its value corresponds to the dose that concrete can receive when it comes into contact with high-level radioactive waste from the Shelter over 300 years. Characteristics of an industrial gamma radiation equipment are: radiation energy is 1.25 MeV and dose rate is 2 Mrad/h. The use of such equipment allows reaching a dose of 109 rad in less than a month, and 108 rad - in 4-5 days. Concretes that were 28 days old and stored under normal conditions were exposed to gamma radiation.
Presentación
Authors: Dutra e Silva Sandro
Published: December 2021

Presentación
El Fenómeno El Niño, las Inundaciones de 1877 y la Incorporación del Salitre a la Soberanía de Chile
Authors: Camus Pablo , Jaksic Fabián
Published: December 2021

Este artículo aborda las interrelaciones entre clima y sociedad durante la década de 1870 en Chile a partir del análisis de fuentes históricas como el Boletín de la Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura, El Mercurio de Valparaíso, los Mensajes Presidenciales y el libro El Clima de Chile publicado en 1877 por Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna. Tras exponer el crítico contexto socioeconómico del período se constata que la agricultura nacional, representada en la producción y exportación de trigo, estaba expuesta no sólo a fluctuaciones meteorológicas sino también a plagas, epizootias y a prácticas agrícolas que llevaron a desequilibrios socio-ecológicos que en la época fueron atribuidos al clima. Aquí se propone que fueron los temporales y las grandes inundaciones de 1877 provocadas por el fenómeno El Niño las que aceleraron y agudizaron la profunda crisis política, social y económica en que se hallaba el país. Ella fue superada por la elite chilena a partir de la Guerra del Pacífico y de la incorporación de los territorios salitreros, la gran riqueza mundial de la época.
Los Suelos están Cansados: La Historia Agroecológica de los Cantones Costarricenses de Mora y Puriscal en las Primeras Cinco Décadas del Siglo XX
Authors: Amaris Cervantes Orlando Enrique
Published: December 2021

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El presente artículo propone esclarecer los procesos de cambio ocurridos en las coberturas agrícolas resultantes de actividades agropecuarias vinculadas directa e indirectamente con la exportación cafetalera en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Mediante la consulta de censos agropecuarios y anuarios estadísticos, así como fuentes secundarias, además con la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a mayores de los cantones de Mora y Puriscal, fue posible reconstruir transiciones agroecológicas de ambos cantones caracterizados por la producción de alimentos. La demostración de la pérdida de reposición de la fertilidad de la tierra por medio de la biomasa proveniente del barbecho en las zonas de descanso, así como la expansión de los pastos para la alimentación del ganado sirven para exponer las presiones que vivieron las poblaciones de estos cantones productores de granos básicos en el marco una simplificación ecológica que contrasta para este mismo período, como también describimos en este estudio, con el sistema agroforestal cafetalero dominante en otros cantones.
Uma História Ambiental do Projeto Minas-Rio: Racionalidades de Uso da Natureza e Controvérsias Sociotécnicas
Authors: Tavares Junior Moacir
Published: December 2021

A globalização e a política econômica nacional pautada na produção de commodities, tem intensificado a condição histórica brasileira de fornecedor de matérias-primas (principalmente minério de ferro, soja e óleos brutos de petróleo) e neste cenário Minas Gerais destaca-se como maior produtor nacional de minério de ferro. Diante da perspectiva de explorar novas jazidas deste minério, em 2006 foi dado início ao processo de licenciamento ambiental do Projeto Minas-Rio que abrange o maior mineroduto do mundo, com 525 km de extensão. O recorte temporal deste estudo abrange o período de 2006 a 2014, ou seja, desde o licenciamento até o início da operação do empreendimento. Apesar de sua importância econômica, empreendimentos de mineração causam grandes impactos socioambientais, consequentemente o Projeto Minas-Rio tem gerado diversos conflitos nos territórios impactados. Desta forma, este estudo se propôs a analisar as diferentes racionalidades de uso da natureza entre os principais atores envolvidos, as principais controvérsias sociotécnicas presentes em relatórios técnicos elaborados por demanda da empresa e das comunidades atingidas, assim como as implicações dessas diferentes racionalidades e controvérsias. Foi observado nas controvérsias sociotécnicas analisadas, que a racionalidade econômica de grandes empresas interessadas em lucrar através da exploração do meio natural, fundamenta-se no modelo mecanicista-tecnicista para legitimar sua racionalidade que associada à ideia de “desenvolvimento” e “progresso” tem caráter hegemônico. Assim sendo, é necessário questionar a legitimidade desta racionalidade, pois a mesma deslegitima os modos de organização social de atores movidos por outros valores e teve graves consequências para as comunidades atingidas, tais como: a ruptura de laços socias e de parentesco, alteração drástica no modo de vida, nas tradições culturais e religiosas, intensificando as desigualdades sociais.
Minas do Ferro, Florestas e Rios: Impactos Ambientais da Metalurgia do Ferro no Brasil do Século XIX
Authors: Dutra Marinho Júnior Lenício , Salmen Espindola Haruf
Published: December 2021

No século XIX a metalurgia do ferro a carvão vegetal se expandiu no Brasil, mais precisamente na província de Minas Gerais, principalmente concentrada junto a centros urbanos consumidores e às fontes de matéria-prima (água, minério e matas). As fábricas de ferro a carvão vegetal se encontravam concentradas na encosta leste da serra do Espinhaço, entre Ouro Preto e Serro. Qual o impacto, no século XIX, da metalurgia do ferro a carvão vegetal para a zona de Mata Atlântica da Província de Minas Gerais, na qual ela se localizou? Além de discutir a metalurgia do ferro, este artigo apresenta uma estimativa da extração de madeira para produção de carvão vegetal e uma mensuração do desflorestamento. Além da literatura sobre siderurgia a carvão vegetal, se utilizou como fonte, os trabalhos de professores e alunos da Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto (EMOP), com destaque para os alunos da primeira turma (1876-1880), que receberam a incumbência do seu diretor e professor Claude-Henri Gorceix de realizarem trabalhos de campo em toda a área em que se distribuíam as fábricas de ferro e mestres de forja. São apresentados os processos de fabricação de ferro e do carvão vegetal no século XIX, os usos da Mata Atlântica e a mensuração dos impactos para a floresta devido às técnicas e processos produtivos. Os trabalhos dos alunos e professores da EMOP indicam a possibilidade de recuperação florestal após encerrar a produção carvoeira em uma determinada área, porém o uso agrícola dessa área para culturas de subsistência e sucessivas queimadas levavam ao predomínio de pastagens, impedindo o reflorestamento e, consequentemente, resultando no fechamento da fábrica de ferro ou na sua transferência para outra localidade de matas. No final do século XIX e primeiras décadas do XX, a demanda de carvão vegetal pela metalurgia do ferro levou a atividade carvoeira a buscar novas áreas de florestas na bacia do rio Piracicaba, afluente do Rio Doce. Esse processo se intensificou e se estendeu ao médio Rio Doce, a partir da ação do Governo de Minas para dotar o estado de um parque siderúrgico moderno a carvão vegetal, no decorrer da primeira metade do século XX.
Bariery formuł deliberacyjnych w świetle badania praktyk budżetowania obywatelskiego w Polsce prowadzonych w okresie pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Sroka Jacek , Pawlica Beata , Podgórska-Rykała Joanna
Published: December 2021

Problematyka artykułu ma wyraźny związek z pandemią COVID-19 i jej negatywnym wpływem na partycypację. W 2020 r. pandemia i związany z nią lockdown czasowo przerwały deliberację w procesach budżetowych w ponad stu polskich miastach. Jednak zarazem w ogólnym pejzażu oraz w kształcie topografii budżetowania obywatelskiego w Polsce wiele się nie zmieniło. Nadal jest to teren dla deliberacji niełatwy, choć jest ona możliwa. Autorzy artykułu podjęli próbę przybliżenia skutków oddziaływania tych elementów ustawowej regulacji budżetów obywatelskich, które nie sprzyjają rozwojowi deliberacji. Wyniki analiz odniesiono do znanej w literaturze modelowej typologii partycypacji w budżetowaniu obywatelskim, z uwzględnieniem przypadków trzech polskich miast.
PERANCANGAN STRATEGI KREATIF REBRANDING PROGRAM SARJANA SISTEM INFORMASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ADDIE
Authors: Deli Deli , Hendy
Published: December 2021

Brand identity is a unique characteristic of a brand. Brand identity can be seen in the form of symbols, visuals, and physical representations that serve to make it easier for consumers to recognize a brand. Over the time, brand identity has become much more important and noticed. Therefore there is a demand for a brand to make changes. These changes were made to defend against extreme market developments. This process is known as rebranding, which will produce a reconstructed brand identity to compete in a new market. Corporate rebranding has become a common practice to adapt to changes in the micro and macro environment. With the increasing number of successful organizations after implementing corporate rebranding, it creates interest in the academic world, especially in universities. Therefore, the author emphasizes this application study to raise the topic of "Designing a Creative Rebranding Strategy for the Information Systems Bachelor Program". In this rebranding design stage, the research uses the ADDIE development method (Analyzing, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The output of this design will be used by Batam International University Information Systems Bachelor Program on youtube and instagram. With the implementation of this design, it will provide an identity that can reflect the new characteristics of the Batam International University Information Systems Bachelor Program.
MANAJEMEN DAN PEMBUATAN MESIN PENCUCI LIMBAH BOTOL UNTUK SARANA PRODUKSI IKM PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH PLASTIK DAUR ULANG DI KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Suryaman Nia Nuraeni
Published: December 2021

Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, kebutuhan plastic akan terus meningkat. Tingginya jumlah penduduk tentu berkaitan langsung dengan besarnya volume sampah yang dihasilkan. Maka dari itu, Direktorat IKM Wilayah I berinisiatif memfasilitasi IKM Pengolahan Sampah Plastik untuk di daur ulang guna mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan yang sedang dihadapi Pemerintah Daerah Kota Langsa. Maksud dan tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengadakan mesin/peralatan yang akan digunakan sebagai sarana produksi untuk IKM Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Daur Ulang di Kota Langsa. Metodologi penelitian yang dilakukan berupa tahapan pelaksanaan, yaitu 1) koordinasi dan survey dengan pihak terkait, 2) pengiriman, pemasangan dan uji coba, 3) serah terima barang/hasil pekerjaan. Output dari penelitian ini adalah 1 unit mesin pencuci limbah botol. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah memfasilitasi Sarana Produksi IKM Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Daur Ulang di Kota Langsa dan telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan sepesifikasi dan waktu yang telah ditentukan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan Bantuan Mesin dan Peralatan/Sarana dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sambas, dengan bantuan mesin/peralatan sarana berupa 1 unit mesin pencuci limbah botol.
RECONSTRUCTION OF IRANIAN ENGLISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY IN ONLINE CLASSES
Authors: Fallah Raziyeh , Chalak Azizeh , Heidari Tabrizi Hossein
Published: December 2021

Because of the Covid-19 outbreak, all academic institutions all over the world swiftly shifted to reconstitute the presentation of their courses that customarily took place on campus. This study explored the kind of online professional identities that English teachers in private language institutes constructed during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Additionally, it examined possible impacts of adopting online solutions on teachers’ performance and teaching skills and their perceptions of communities of practice and their effect on their PI in online classes during this period. The study was conducted on 35 English teachers, teaching English in language institutes in Yazd, Iran. The study followed a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually and also in groups, to gain access to their lived experiences of running online classes. Results revealed four main characteristics that (re)constructed and affected teachers’ PI in online classes, namely, teachers’ role, competency and self-effectiveness, appreciation and connection, and future plans. The findings also revealed that streamlined communication and communities of practice were very beneficial in (re)constructing their changing identities in online classes. Membership in communities of practice was found to be an essential action to make teachers’ teaching skills and social learning better and share common experiences. The results showed that these aspects highly influence the teachers’ reconstruction of PI in a positive way in language institutes. Keywords: communities of practice, English as a foreign language, language institute, online professional identity, qualitative approach
EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING GUIDED READING APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE READING PROFICIENCY OF ENGLISH SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Thage Esther Molebogeng , Mokgosi Patricia Namayammu , Mthembu Jane Tozama
Published: December 2021

Guided reading (GR) approach has been shown to have positive effect on reading fluency and comprehension. However, most studies on GR have focused on primary schools, specifically the Foundation Phase. Therefore, this study employed the GR approach to examine its possible effects on the reading proficiencies of Grade 9 English Second Language (ESL) learners in Gauteng province. Social and cognitive constructivism underpinned the study, which employed action research to determine the possible effects of implementing GR on the reading proficiencies of a sample of eight Grade 9 ESL learners who were purposively selected to participate in this study. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and reflection cards, oral and written reading tests. Results indicated that GR approach had caused a significant improvement in these learners’ reading fluency and comprehension because of collaborative learning and scaffolding. In addition, GR also developed a sense of ownership in their learning, a sense of community and innovative and inquisitive minds. The study recommends that learners who struggle with reading be identified early, and GR intervention strategies be implemented and monitored. Every school needs to have a reading policy and the Education Department should ensure that it is implemented and monitored.
Keywords: guided reading, reading proficiencies, reading fluency, reading comprehension, second language
Usage of telecommunication technology in perpetration of sexual assault- A study conducted on reported victims in a Tertiary Medical College Hospital OCC
Authors: Farooqui Iffath , Islam Md Shamsul , Chowdhury Rahat Amin , Hasan ATM Hasibul
Published: December 2021

The sexual assaults and its consequences are increasing along with socioeconomic development of the country. Rise of modern communication technology add fuel to the flame. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the role of communication technology in sexual assaults in Bangladesh. There were 87 victims included in this study. All were female of 6 years to 40 years of age, mean age was 15.67 (± 6.69) year. Most of the victims were below 20 years of age and came from low income families. About 76% mobile used were smart phone. Among them 46% were owned by the victims herself, 26% gifted by the assailants to the victims. Talking through mobile (37%) was the main communication route between the assailants and the victims; followed by direct verbal (31%), mixed verbal and mobile talking (26%) and others (6%). Regarding methods of communication, they only talk in 42% cases and 36% cases used mixed method (talking, SMS and video chatting). The assailant paid all the costs in 62% cases. Mobile phone came as a blessing in communication, but inchoate use makes it a curse to our society. Parents should be cautious about their children's mobile usage (especially smart phone) daily. Government also should make some policy on using mobile technology by the younger citizens.

CBMJ 2020 July: Vol. 09 No. 02 P: 03-07
Conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy in a single center
Authors: Biswas Suttam Kumar , Roy Shilpi Rani , Sarker Subbrata , Rahman Md Mustafizur , Islam Kamrul
Published: December 2021

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of gallbladder disease, but conversions to open cholecystectomy are still inevitable in certain cases. Knowledge about the rate and underlying reasons for conversion could help surgeons during preoperative assessment and improve the informed consent of patients. We decide to review the rate and causes of conversion of our LC series. This study included 320 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies from January 2017 to December 2019 at Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh, Mymensingh. All patients had surgery performed by same surgeon. Conversion to open cholecystectomy required in 15 (4.6%) patients. Out of 15 cases, the highest number of patients 10(66.6%) were in age group 50 to 59 years with a mean age of 60.1 years and standard deviation (SD) of 9.8 years. Of them 9 (60%) were male. The most common reasons for conversion of them were severe adhesions at calot's triangle 6 (40%) and acutely inflamed gallbladder 5 (33.3%), bleeding 2 (13%). No surgical procedures are complication free. The most common complication was superficial wound infection 8(2.5%). Delayed complications seen in our series is port site incisional hernia 2 (0.62%). Male gender, age older than 60 years, previous upper abdominal surgery, diabetes, and severity of inflammation were all significantly correlated with an increased conversion rate to laparotomy. LC is the preferred method even in difficult cases. This study emphasizes that although the rate of conversion to open surgery and complication rate are low in experienced hands, the surgeons should keep a low threshold for conversion to open surgery.

CBMJ 2020 July: Vol. 09 No. 02 P: 14-18
Approach to the Diagnosis of Bleeding Disorders in Children
Authors: Tawfique Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Hemostasis is the cessation of bleeding in the intravascular compartment. This occurs by the formation of clot formation at the site of injury. The intricately related system also regulates the size of the clots by the activation of fibrinolysis. The disorders that lead to the bleeding outside the intravascular space is bleeding disorder. Bleeding occurs as a result of defective quality or quantitative deficiencies of platelets, coagulation problems in the extrinsic or intrinsic or the common pathways and abnormalities in the vascular walls to contain hemorrhage. Although the values of different coagulation and fibrinlytic factors are pretty much like that of the adults yet, neonates have considerable differences in these values than their senior counterparts even in pediatric age groups. Considering all these facts the history, physical examination and laboratory investigations always provide the clinicians some important clues to reach the diagnosis. Because of the complicated relationship among the different pathways of coagulations and fibrinolytic systems the whole procedure might look complex yet methodical approach paves the way of an intelligent clinician to arrive at the diagnosis with precision and clinical perfection.

CBMJ 2020 July: Vol. 09 No. 02 P: 45-53
Surgical Outcomes of Epiblepharon Related to Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Shin Jinho , Chung Hyunuk , Son Jun Hyuk
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Patients with atopic dermatitis often have difficulty managing their condition after epiblepharon repair surgery due to edema and itching at the operation site. We examined surgical outcomes in relation to atopic dermatitis.Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on epiblepharon patients and eyelids (patients = 1,829; eyelids = 4,694) that were followed after surgical correction between 2005 and 2016. Patients were classified into those with atopic dermatitis (the atopic dermatitis group) and a control group. Success rates and recurrence rates were compared and analyzed.Results: The mean patient age was 5.82 ± 2.87 years. Of the 200 eyelids with atopic dermatitis, 12 eyelids (6.0%) had undercorrection, as did 108 (2.4%) of the 4,494 eyelids of the control group. Of the 188 eyelids with atopic dermatitis, 13 (6.9%) underwent reoperation due to recurrence, as did 57 (1.3%) of the 4,386 eyelids of the control group. A statistically significant difference between two groups was confirmed in comparing failure rates and recurrence rates (p = 0.002, p < 0.001).Conclusions: The failure rates of surgery and recurrence rates of epiblepharon symptoms were significantly higher in patients with atopic dermatitis. It can be assumed that the suture fixed to the tarsal plate was untied or loosened due to edema and itching of the operation site due to atopic dermatitis. In consideration of this, more effective treatment methods, such as solid suturing, are needed in clinical practice for atopic dermatitis patients.
Two-year Changes in Postoperative Central Macular Thickness and Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Epiretinal Membrane Patients
Authors: Choi Woo Seok , Park Jihae , Lee Kyoo Won , Kang Hyun Gu
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To evaluate changes in central macular thickness (CMT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) after phacovitrectomy over a 2-year period in idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) patients.Methods: The records of 52 idiopathic ERM patients (52 eyes) who underwent phacovitrectomy, without recurrence of the condition over a 2-year follow-up period, were reviewed retrospectively. Changes in CMT and SFCT, as measured by optical coherence tomography, were analyzed and compared with those of a normal control group over a 2-year period.Results: The mean preoperative CMT and SFCT were 425.67 ± 84.67 and 257.56 ± 90.13 μm, respectively. Postoperative CMT was reduced significantly to 372.17 ± 45.26 μm at 1 year and 363.15 ± 47.35 μm at 2 years (p < 0.001). SFCT at 1 and 2 years postoperatively was significantly reduced to 238.85 ± 84.85 and 230.31 ± 87.95 μm, respectively (p < 0.001). In the control group, there was no significant change in CMT; however, the SFCT decreased by 11.09 ± 22.36 μm during the 2-year follow-up (p = 0.007). In contrast, in the patient group, CMT and SFCT decreased by 62.52 ± 71.45 and 27.25 ± 41.97 μm, respectively, showing a significant difference from the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.043, respectively). Both before surgery and at 1 year postoperatively, the thinner the CMT, the better the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (p = 0.010 and p = 0.018, respectively). A better postoperative BCVA at 2 years was associated with a thinner CMT and better BCVA before surgery (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: Following a phacovitrectomy procedure, ERM patients showed significant reductions in both the CMT and SFCT at the 2-year follow-up.
Keratitis Treatment by Removal of Concealed Retrocorneal Plant Foreign Body
Authors: Kim Seongmi , Lee Hye Jin , Ha Ahnul , Lee Jong Young , Jeong Jinho
Published: December 2021

Purpose: We report a case of keratitis that improved after removal of a causative plant foreign body from below the posterior surface of an opaque cornea. The foreign body was revealed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and gonioscopy.Case summary: A 79-year-old woman was referred with an impression of left-eye keratitis; the eye had been injured by a branch of a tangerine tree 1 month prior. She had been given the usual topical antibiotics by a local clinic, but they were ineffective. At her initial visit, her visual acuity was only hand motion in the left eye; slit-lamp examination revealed a 3 × 3-mm corneal infiltration with a hypopyon in the anterior chamber. Despite administration of strong topical antibiotics on an hourly basis, the corneal lesion worsened. AS-OCT and gonioscopy revealed a small foreign body below the posterior surface of the cornea; this was surgically removed. The corneal opacity and corneal epithelial defects dramatically improved, and the hypopyon disappeared.Conclusions: The possibility of a residual foreign body should be considered if trauma precedes infectious keratitis that does not improve with conventional treatment and the posterior surface of the cornea is not visible because of corneal opacity. In such a case, AS-OCT and gonioscopy can be useful.
Recent trends of healthcare information and communication technologies in pediatrics: a systematic review
Authors: Jung Se young , Lee Keehyuck , Hwang Hee
Published: December 2021

As information communication technology (ICT) has advanced, the healthcare industry has embraced it to reduce medical costs, improve health outcomes, and increase patient satisfaction. Healthcare ICT revolutionizes pediatric healthcare. This study aimed to categorize and synthesize findings from the literature regarding the application of ICT in pediatric patients. This systematic review is based on a comprehensive search of Embase, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Study selection and coding were performed independently by 2 researchers, followed by narrative categorization. To reflect current trends in ICT for pediatrics, we adopted the Hype cycle technology classification developed by the advisory and information technology firm, Gartner, and the classification of digital health interventions by the World Health Organization. This study included a total of 135 studies. The analysis revealed 7 main types of ICT for pediatrics: (1) telehealth (39 papers), (2) precision medicine (2 papers), (3) automated decision support systems (17 papers), (4) electronic health records (7 papers), (5) patient portals (7 papers), (6) artificial intelligence (AI) (39 papers), and (7) mobile and wearable technologies (20 papers). In particular, we consistently found references to ICT for pediatrics as well as changing and improving healthcare for children. Further studies are required to determine how we can improve ICT productivity for pediatrics, particularly through AI. This study’s results will help healthcare delivery organizations and technology companies consider the future direction of pediatric healthcare.
General Conclusions and Results of Scientific Research Work on Combining Means of Pre-recruitment and Physical Training of Youth for Military Service in the Armed Forces
Authors: Baimuratov K. , Daminov T. , Atabaev A. , Abdullaeva Zh.
Published: December 2021

Research relevance: in pedagogical science in the use of the concepts of Interdisciplinary Communication (IDC), interdisciplinary integration, interdisciplinary learning and the vitality of the indicated pedagogical phenomena, there is still no single approach to solving scientific and pedagogical problems in ensuring the unity of means of pre-conscription and physical training of young people for military service in the armed forces of the Kyrgyz Republic. Research objectives: general school subjects were selected and highlighted: physical culture and pre-conscription training of youth, which are an integral part of the general culture of schoolchildren, forms, means and methods of comprehensive improvement of student youth, their skills to perform various educational, labor and defense actions. Research materials and methods: this article draws conclusions on each chapter in the research work ensuring unity of pre-conscription and young people physical training for military service in the armed forces of the Kyrgyz Republic, where scientific and pedagogical problems of the implementation of intersubject communications, experimental prerequisites for the integrity of the means, and the influence of experimental methods are revealed on the preparedness of students. Research results: in connection with the improvement of technology, science, digitalization, the structure of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic (Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic), issues related to pre-conscription physical training of pre-conscription youth are acquiring especially important political, economic and ideological significance. Conclusions: the research methods used reliably agree with the set goals, objectives, ensure full compliance with the studied questions about the unity of the means of pre-conscription and physical training of high school students in educational cognition.
Features of Teaching English in an Architectural and Construction University
Authors: Abdullaeva G.
Published: December 2021

The paper is dedicated to the study of the experience of the teachers of the foreign languages department on the strengthening the effectiveness of teaching the English language at the technical high institution. The author considers that reading, translation and understanding of special technical texts from various English language sources is one of the most significant ways of getting professional information. Issues related to the theory and practice of translating scientific and technical literature is the center of attention of the teachers of the foreign languages department of the Tashkent state architectural and construction institute. The main attention is paid to the integration of teaching the English language with other subjects on technical specialties, as well as to the students’ individual work. The teachers of the department carry out various works on eliminating problems related with the understanding of students’ special technical texts. The author gives examples from her practice on work with students on the study of architectural and constructions terms by the students.
Representation of the Ata-Ene Concept in Phraseological Units
Authors: Maksutova Zh. , Zheenbaeva K.-M.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the fact that phraseology, in contrast to other units of language, is studied as a separate type of unit, representing definite expressions. Analyzing the peculiarities of the phraseology of parents, phraseology includes reflection in thoughts, glances, feelings, etc. e. parents. We will stop at their meanings, noting that the concept is figurative, sharp, precise, the core of which is the national worldview, as well as proverbs, reflecting mentality, formed by the centuries. Parental units in the Kyrgyz language differ in structure, size, form, semantic structure and ability to reflect the concept of verbal phraseology of the concept of “parent”, that is, they consist of two, three, four and the degree of realization or non-realization of ideas and so on. e.
Lexical Means for Describing Human Appearance and Character
Authors: Metyakubov J.
Published: December 2021

The paper analyses lexical means for describing human appearance. The most productive types of lexical units are compound words and phraseological units. Simple words describe human appearances in general, but compound nouns give specific information.
POR UMA CONCEPÇÃO DIALÓGICA DA ESCRITA ACADÊMICA
Authors: Mendes Mariana Reis , Da Costa Alexandre Ferreira , Fernandes Eliane Marquez da Fonseca
Published: December 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórico-epistemológica acerca da escrita acadêmica como processo dialógico, com foco em práticas colaborativas em ambientes virtuais. Partindo dos conceitos de dialogia e de exotopia (BAKHTIN, 2003; 2006; 2016), bem como das atividades epilinguísticos e da compreensão da escrita como processo (GERALDI, 1997; GARCEZ, 1998; 2004), objetiva-se delinear um esboço do ciclo responsivo/colaborativo da escrita. Foram analisados textos elaborados por alunos de Letras da Universidade Federal de Goiás através do Google Docs. Essa observação permitiu verificar que as ferramentas da plataforma on-line permitiram o exercício contínuo do excedente de visão e de atividades epilinguísticas, não apenas ao final da redação, mas durante todo o processo de produção textual.
Overstatements and Understatements in the Debate on Synthetic Biology, Bioterrorism and Ethics
Authors: Melin Anders
Published: December 2021

Synthetic biology has many valuable applications, but it also gives rise to certain risks. In this paper I discuss the risk of bioterrorism, which often attracts attention in both the mass media and scientific debate, as well as in government reports. While some authors argue that there is a significant risk of bioterrorism connected to synthetic biology, other scholars claim that the risk is exaggerated and that actors often have motives for overstating the risk. In this paper, I argue that some estimates of the risk may be overstated but that certain risks of bioterrorism, such as the creation and spread of known pathogenic viruses, need to be taken seriously. Actors may also have scientific and financial motives for understating the risk. Such understatements are sometimes based on a principle of hope, which says that technological progress is important for the future welfare of humanity and that too much precaution would have bad consequences. I argue that this principle is problematic as the burdens and benefits of synthetic biology may not be equally divided between different social groups. Instead, I claim that the principle of precaution is more justified as a point of departure for assessing advancements within synthetic biology. It tells us that we need strong evidence that such advancements are safe, because there is a potential risk that they may make it easier for terrorist groups to create and spread known pathogenic viruses.
The Bent-Tube Nozzle Optimization of Force-Spinning With the Gray Wolf Algorithm
Authors: Liu Kang , Li Wenhui , Ye Peiyan , Zhang Zhiming , Ji Qiaoling , Wu Zijun
Published: December 2021

Force-spinning is a popular way to fabricate various fine fibers such as polymer and metal nanofibers, which are being widely employed in medical and industrial manufacture. The spinneret is the key of the device for spinning fibers, and the physical performance and morphology of the spun nanofibers are largely determined by its structure parameters. In this article, the effect of spinneret parameters on the outlet velocity is explored and the spinneret parameters are also optimized to obtain the maximum outlet velocity. The mathematical model of the solution flow in four areas is established at first, and the relationship between outlet velocity and structure parameters is acquired. This model can directly reflect the flow velocity of the solution in each area. Then, the optimal parameters of outlet diameter, bending angle, and curvature radius are obtained combined with the gray wolf algorithm (GWA). It is found that a curved-tube nozzle with a bending angle of 9.1°, nozzle diameter of 0.6 mm, and curvature radius of 10 mm can obtain the maximum outlet velocity and better velocity distribution. Subsequently, the simulation is utilized to analyze and compare the velocity situation of different parameters. Finally, the fiber of 5 wt% PEO solution is manufactured by a straight-tube nozzle and optimized bent-tube nozzle in the laboratory, and the morphology and diameter distribution were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the outlet velocity was dramatically improved after the bent-tube parameters were optimized by GWA, and nanofibers of better surface quality could be obtained using optimized bent-tube nozzles.
Preservation of Fluorescence Signal and Imaging Optimization for Integrated Light and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Baatsen Pieter , Gabarre Sergio , Vints Katlijn , Wouters Rosanne , Vandael Dorien , Goodchild Rose , Munck Sebastian , Gounko Natalia V.
Published: December 2021

Life science research often needs to define where molecules are located within the complex environment of a cell or tissue. Genetically encoded fluorescent proteins and or fluorescence affinity-labeling are the go-to methods. Although recent fluorescent microscopy methods can provide localization of fluorescent molecules with relatively high resolution, an ultrastructural context is missing. This is solved by imaging a region of interest with correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). We have adopted a protocol that preserves both genetically-encoded and antibody-derived fluorescent signals in resin-embedded cell and tissue samples and provides high-resolution electron microscopy imaging of the same thin section. This method is particularly suitable for dedicated CLEM instruments that combine fluorescence and electron microscopy optics. In addition, we optimized scanning EM imaging parameters for samples of varying thicknesses. These protocols will enable rapid acquisition of CLEM information from samples and can be adapted for three-dimensional EM.
Midkine Prevents Calcification of Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells via Intercellular Crosstalk
Authors: Zhou Qian , Cao Hong , Hang Xiaoyi , Liang Huamin , Zhu Miaomiao , Fan Yixian , Shi Jiawei , Dong Nianguo , He Ximiao
Published: December 2021

Calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD), the most common valvular heart disease, lacks pharmaceutical treatment options because its pathogenesis remains unclear. This disease with a complex macroenvironment characterizes notable cellular heterogeneity. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of cellular diversity and cell-to-cell communication are essential for elucidating the mechanisms driving CAVD progression and developing therapeutic targets. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to describe the comprehensive transcriptomic landscape and cell-to-cell interactions. The transitional valvular endothelial cells (tVECs), an intermediate state during the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), could be a target to interfere with EndMT progression. Moreover, matrix valvular interstitial cells (mVICs) with high expression of midkine (MDK) interact with activated valvular interstitial cells (aVICs) and compliment-activated valvular interstitial cells (cVICs) through the MK pathway. Then, MDK inhibited calcification of VICs that calcification was validated by Alizarin Red S staining, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting assays in vitro. Therefore, we speculated that mVICs secreted MDK to prevent VICs’ calcification. Together, these findings delineate the aortic valve cells’ heterogeneity, underlining the importance of intercellular cross talk and MDK, which may offer a potential therapeutic strategy as a novel inhibitor of CAVD.
AGIA Tag System for Ultrastructural Protein Localization Analysis in Blood-Stage Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Morita Masayuki , Kanoi Bernard N. , Shinzawa Naoaki , Kubota Rie , Takeda Hiroyuki , Sawasaki Tatsuya , Tsuboi Takafumi , Takashima Eizo
Published: December 2021

Precise subcellular localization of proteins is the key to elucidating the physiological role of these molecules in malaria parasite development, understanding of pathogenesis, and protective immunity. In Plasmodium falciparum, however, detection of proteins in the blood-stage parasites is greatly hampered by the lack of versatile protein tags which can intrinsically label such molecules. Thus, in this study, to develop a novel system that can be used to evaluate subcellular localization of known and novel proteins, we assessed the application of AGIA tag, consisting of 9 amino acids (EEAAGIARP), in P. falciparum blood-stage parasites. Specifically, AGIA-tagged ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA-AGIA) was episomally expressed in P. falciparum 3D7 strain. The RESA-AGIA protein was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using recombinant rabbit anti-AGIA tag monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a high signal/noise ratio. Similarly, AGIA-tagged multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1-AGIA), as an example of polyptic transmembrane protein, was endogenously expressed and detected by Western blotting and IFA with anti-AGIA tag mAb. Immunoelectron microscopy of the RESA-AGIA transfected merozoites revealed that mouse anti-RESA and the rabbit anti-AGIA mAb signals could definitively co-localize to the dense granules. Put together, this study demonstrates AGIA tag/anti-AGIA rabbit mAb system as a potentially useful tool for elucidating the subcellular localization of new and understudied proteins in blood-stage malaria parasites at the nanometer-level resolution.
miR-153-3p Targets βII Spectrin to Regulate Formaldehyde-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis
Authors: Yang Panyu , Yang Yanyan , He Xiangqin , Sun Pin , Zhang Ying , Song Xiaoxia , Tian Yu , Zong Tingyu , Ma Jianmin , Chen Xiaofei , Lv Qifeng , Yu Tao , Jiang Zhirong
Published: December 2021

Background: Formaldehyde (FA) is ubiquitous in the environment and can be transferred to the fetus through placental circulation, causing miscarriage and congenital heart disease (CHD). Studies have shown that βII spectrin is necessary for cardiomyocyte survival and differentiation, and its loss leads to heart development defects and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Additionally, previous studies have demonstrated that miRNA is essential in heart development and remodeling. However, whether miRNA regulates FA-induced CHD and cardiomyocyte apoptosis remains unclear.

Methods: Using commercially available rat embryonic cardiomyocytes and a rat model of fetal cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were performed to examine the level of miR-153-3p, βII spectrin, caspase 7, cleaved caspase7, Bax, Bcl-2 expression in embryonic cardiomyocytes and a rat model of fetal cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Apoptotic cell populations were evaluated by flow cytometry and Tunel. Luciferase activity assay and RNA pull-down assay were used to detect the interaction between miR-153-3p and βII spectrin. Masson's trichrome staining detects the degree of tissue fibrosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of miR-153-3p and βII spectrin in tissues.

Results: Using commercially available rat embryonic cardiomyocytes and a rat model of fetal cardiomyocyte apoptosis, our studies indicate that miR-153-3p plays a regulatory role by directly targeting βII spectrin to promote cardiomyocyte apoptosis. miR-153-3p mainly regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating the expression of caspase7, further elucidating the importance of apoptosis in heart development. Finally, the results with our animal model revealed that targeting the miR-153-3p/βII spectrin pathway effectively regulated FA-induced damage during heart development. Recovery experiments with miR-153-3p antagomir resulted in the reversal of FA-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fetal cardiac fibrosis.

Conclusion: This study investigated the molecular mechanism underpinning the role of βII spectrin in FA-induced CHD and the associated upstream miRNA pathway. The study findings suggest that miR-153-3p may provide a potential target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHD.
Association of Plasma Vitamin B6 With Coronary Heart Disease in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Coronary Angiography: New Insight on Sex Differences
Authors: Hu Lihua , Li Yuxi , Liu Zhihao , Fan Fangfang , Xu Benjamin , Xu Richard , Song Yun , Chen Ping , Wei Yaping , Jia Jia , Zhang Long , Weng Haoyu , Shi Qiuping , Zhang Nan , Wang Xingang , Zheng Bo , Zhang Yan , Li Jianping
Published: December 2021

Aim: To date, findings on the overall and sex-specific effects of plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP, active coenzyme form of vitamin B6) on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) have been inconsistent. This study sought to advance our understanding on the association of plasma PLP with risk of CHD, with particular attention paid to sex differences and effect modifiers.

Methods: We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study on suspected CHD patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. A total of 429 CHD cases and 429 controls matched by age, sex, and operation time were included in the final analysis. Plasma PLP was assessed using LC-MS. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between plasma PLP and a first CHD event.

Results: The mean (SD) plasma PLP levels were 8.4 (6.3) in male cases and 9.0 (11.0) in female cases, and 9.5 (8.5) in male controls and 12.5 (12.9) in female controls. Each 1 ng/mL increment in log2PLP was associated with a 28% lower risk of CHD in overall population. When stratified by sex, plasma PLP was significantly and independently associated with CHD in women (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50–0.80), but not in men (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.67–1.09). The association of plasma PLP with CHD risk was modified by sex (adjusted Pinteraction = 0.022).

Conclusions: We found a significant, inverse linear association between plasma PLP and CHD in Chinese women, but not in men. Our findings warrant additional investigation.