bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre Escila y Caribdis: la Diáspora vasca en Argentina durante la dictadura
Authors: Cruset Maria Eugenia
Published: November 2021

Resumen: Al conjunto de inmigrantes que se asocian para conseguir objetivos propios y que tienen una participación de carácter político en destino como en origen es una Diáspora. Estas personas forman parte, por partida doble, de la sociedad civil y en ella se desenvuelven.   La gran pregunta es:¿Qué es lo que hace eficiente a un grupo de emigrados para concretar sus objetivos? En este trabajo intentamos justamente analizar este tema que entendemos como una interrelación entre características propias- liderazgo, número y compromiso de los miembros, asimilación a la sociedad de acogida, etc- y el contexto en el que se desenvuelven. Y, en este sentido, nos preguntamos que posibilidades de éxito pueden tener en situaciones límites de violencia y falta de libertad. Para esto estudiaremos la Diáspora vasca en Argentina durante la última dictadura  (19176-1983). Palabras clave: Diáspora-sociedad civil-dictadura-inmigración Abstract: Diaspora is a group of immigrants that be self associating  in order to achieve the own goals and have an strong bond with  Home Land. These persons are part, by double departure, of the civil society. The big question is: When these people are most efficient to makes objectives? Here, in this paper, we try to think about it, especially in troubles moments like could be a dictatorship. Our focus will be the basque Diaspora in Argentina during the last authoritarian government (1976-1983). Keywords: Diaspora, civil society, dictatorship-immigration
O papel do Judiciário na democracia atual
Authors: Ferraz Junior Tercio Sampaio
Published: November 2021

O ensaio retoma e discute as diversas acepções do termo democracia,  analisa o conceito de "interpretância" e reflete sobre a neutralidade política do poder judiciário. A introdução de exigências externas transforma o modo de encarar a Constituição, implicando num deslizamento do Poder Constituinte para o Poder Constituído. A conclusão é que a democracia parece buscar sua legitimação não mais por meio da constituição política e seus guardiões, mas através dos potenciais meios comunicativos que se agrupam em torno dos novos e diferentes meios de comunicação da sociedade.
A literatura sobre cidades inteligentes e o lugar da democracia
Authors: Carvalho Rafael Da Silva , Silva Neto Wilson Levy Braga da , Bezerra Antônio Joelson Rodrigues , Matos Caio Aloe
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo pretendeu identificar o lugar da democracia na literatura sobre as cidades inteligentes, segundo o pressuposto de que a política democrática representa uma forma inteligente de solucionar, segundo critérios institucionais e legais, as disputas que ocorrem no território. Para tanto, efetuou uma revisão sistemática de literatura (RSL), cujos resultados indicam um caminho ainda a ser percorrido para identificar uma relação forte entre um tema e outro. Com isso, buscou construir inferências a partir da aproximação de referências bibliográficas dos dois temas. O resultado apontou que há um enorme campo de possibilidades de análise sobre o assunto.
Research Progress on the Identification and Pharmacological Activity of the Active Components of the Rhododendron Species
Authors: Hun Han Myong- , Yong Kim Kwang
Published: November 2021

Rhododendron is one of the plants with the broadest spectrum species, the most extended history of traditional medicine use, and the wide range of pharmacological properties. In 2013, a report was published to summarize the studies reported from 1898 to 2012. Many phytochemical compounds and their various treatment effects of over 40 Rhododendron species were mentioned in the present review. This review aims to evaluate the newly discovered and observed phytochemical compounds in recent years and their activities in some Rhododendron species.
Potential Human Health Risks Assessment through Determination of Heavy Metal Contents in Regularly Consumed Yogurts in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan GMM Anwarul , A. Satter Mohammed , Das Anuj Kumer
Published: November 2021

This study estimated the concentrations of heavy metals in regularly consumed sour, sweet and homemade traditional yogurts in Bangladesh. A total of 300 yogurt samples (sour, sweet and homemade traditional); 100 yogurt samples of each category were considered for this assay. To assess the health risks, the daily yogurt consumption rate and the value of target carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of these yogurt samples were also determined. In sour yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.398±0.121 mg/kg, 0.774±0.372 mg/kg, 0.087±0.021 mg/kg, 0.131±0.026 mg/kg, 0.011±0.006 mg/kg, 0.031±0.005 mg/kg, 0.445±0.267 mg/kg and 0.029±0.024 mg/kg while in sweet yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.410±0.146 mg/kg, 0.704±0.324 mg/kg, 0.082±0.028 mg/kg, 0.146±0.025 mg/kg, 0.010±0.005 mg/kg, 0.030±0.007 mg/kg, 0.460±0.265 mg/kg, and 0.035±0.026 mg/kg and in homemade traditional yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.410±0.147 mg/kg, 1.502±0.367 mg/kg, 0.085±0.020 mg/kg, 0.120±0.024 mg/kg, 0.011±0.005 mg/kg, 0.020±0.005 mg/kg, 0.251±0.174 mg/kg and 0.025±0.021 mg/Kg for Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) respectively. Among the analyzed heavy metals, highest concentration of Cu and lowest concentration of Pb was detected in all yogurt types. The values of estimated daily intake (EDI), Target hazard quotient (THQ), Total THQ (TTHQ) and Target Carcinogenic risk (TCR) confirmed that, there have no chances of any kind of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from these yogurt samples.
Freeform optics for variable extended depth of field imaging
Authors: Moein Sara , Suleski Thomas J.
Published: November 2021

Imaging depth of field is shallow in applications with high magnification and high numerical aperture, such as microscopy, resulting in images with in- and out-of-focus regions. Therefore, methods to extend depth of field are of particular interest. Researchers have previously shown the advantages of using freeform components to extend depth of field, with each optical system requiring a specially designed phase plate. In this paper we present a method to enable extended depth-of-field imaging for a range of numerical apertures using freeform phase plates to create variable cubic wavefronts. The concept is similar to an Alvarez lens which creates variable spherical wavefronts through the relative translation of two transmissive elements with XY polynomial surfaces. We discuss design and optimization methods to enable extended depth of field for lenses with different numerical aperture values by considering through-focus variation of the point spread function and compare on- and off-axis performance through multiple metrics.
Complete 2π  phase control by photonic crystal slabs
Authors: Pan Mingsen , Liu Zhonghe , Kalapala Akhil Raj Kumar , Chen Yudong , Sun Yuze , Zhou Weidong
Published: November 2021

Photonic crystal slabs are the state of the art in the studies of the light confinement, optical wave modulating and guiding, as well as nonlinear optical response. Previous studies have shown abundant real-world implementations of photonic crystals in planar optics, metamaterials, sensors, and lasers. Here, we report a novel full 2π phase control method in the reflected light beam over the interaction with a photonic crystal resonant mode, verified by the temporal coupled-mode analysis and S-parameter simulations. Enhanced by the asymmetric coupling with the output ports, the 2π phase shift can be achieved with the silicon photonics platforms such as Silicon-on-Silica and Silicon-on-Insulator heterostructures. Such photonic crystal phase control method provides a general guide in the design of phase-shift metamaterials, suggesting a wide range of applications in the field of sensing, spatial light modulation, and beam steering.
Analog FM free-space optical communication based on a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser frequency comb
Authors: Corrias Nicola , Gabbrielli Tecla , De Natale Paolo , Consolino Luigi , Cappelli Francesco
Published: November 2021

Quantum cascade laser frequency combs are nowadays well-appreciated sources for infrared spectroscopy. Here their applicability for free-space optical communication is demonstrated. The spontaneously-generated intermodal beat note of the frequency comb is used as carrier for transferring the analog signal via frequency modulation. Exploiting the atmospheric transparency window at 4 µm, an optical communication with a signal-to-noise ratio up to 65 dB is realized, with a modulation bandwidth of 300 kHz. The system tolerates a maximum optical attenuation exceeding 35 dB. The possibility of parallel transmission of an independent digital signal via amplitude modulation at 5 Mbit/s is also demonstrated.
High-speed electro-optic modulator based on silicon nitride loaded lithium niobate on an insulator platform
Authors: Zhang Pu , Huang Haijin , Jiang Yongheng , Han Xu , Xiao Huifu , Frigg Andreas , Nguyen Thach G. , Boes Andreas , Ren Guanghui , Su Yikai , Tian Yonghui , Mitchell Arnan
Published: November 2021

Electro-optic (EO) modulators, which convert signals from the electrical to optical domain plays a key role in modern optical communication systems. Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) technology has emerged as a competitive solution to realize high-performance integrated EO modulators. In this Letter, we design and experimentally demonstrate a Mach–Zehnder interferometer-based modulator on a silicon nitride loaded LNOI platform, which not only takes full advantage of the excellent EO effect of

L
i
N
b

O

3

, but also avoids the direct etching of

L
i
N
b

O

3

thin film. The measured half-wave voltage length product of the fabricated modulator is 2.24 V·cm, and the extinction ratio is

∼

20

d
B

. Moreover, the 3 dB EO bandwidth is

∼

30

G
H
z

, while the modulated data rate for on–off key signals can reach up to 80 Gbps.
A qualitative study of risks and protective factors against pregnancy among sexually-active adolescents in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Bosire Edna N. , Chiseri Katharine , Comeau Dawn L. , Richter Linda , Stein Aryeh D. , Norris Shane A.
Published: November 2021

Risky sexual behaviors contribute to increased risk of adolescent pregnancy. This qualitative study sought to understand risks and protective factors against pregnancy amongst sexually-active adolescents in Soweto, South Africa. We used purposive sampling to recruit women at age 24 years from Soweto, who self-reported having sexual debut by age 15 years. Twenty women were recruited: (i) women who did not become pregnant before 18 years (n = 10) and (ii) women who became pregnant before 18 years (n = 10). In-depth interviews were conducted to understand their family backgrounds, conversations about sex, sexual behaviors, and initiatives taken (or not) during adolescence to prevent pregnancy. Both groups of women reported predisposing risks to early pregnancy including influence from peers to engage in early sex, unstable family relationships and limited conversations about sex. We found that the family is a key institution in supporting adolescents’ decisions regarding their behaviors and choices, as are peers and exposures to information. Community Youth Centers, high schools and Youth Friendly Health Services should ensure that adolescents have access to relevant information, including sex education and contraceptives.
Aligning policymaking in decentralized health systems: Evaluation of strategies to prevent and control non-communicable diseases in Nigeria
Authors: Ajisegiri Whenayon Simeon , Abimbola Seye , Tesema Azeb Gebresilassie , Odusanya Olumuyiwa O. , Ojji Dike B. , Peiris David , Joshi Rohina
Published: November 2021

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are leading causes of death globally and in Nigeria they account for 29% of total deaths. Nigeria’s health system is decentralized. Fragmentation in governance in federalised countries with decentralised health systems is a well-recognised challenge to coherent national health policymaking. The policy response to the rising NCD burden therefore requires strategic intent by national and sub-national governments. This study aimed to understand the implementation of NCD policies in Nigeria, the role of decentralisation of those policies, and to consider the implications for achieving national NCD targets. We conducted a policy analysis combined with key informant interviews to determine to what extent NCD policies and strategies align with Nigeria’s decentralised health system; and the structure and process within which implementation occurs across the various tiers of government. Four inter-related findings emerged: NCD national policies are ‘top down’ in focus and lack attention to decentralisation to subnational and frontline care delivery levels of the health system; there are defective coordination mechanisms for NCD programmes which are underpinned by weak regional organisational structures; financing for NCDs are administratively burdensome and fragmented; and frontline NCD service delivery for NCDs are not effectively being integrated with other essential PHC services. Despite considerable progress being made with development of national NCD policies, greater attention on their implementation at subnational levels is needed to achieve more effective service delivery and progress against national NCD targets. We recommend strengthening subnational coordination mechanisms, greater accountability frameworks, increased and more efficient funding, and greater attention to integrated PHC service delivery models. The use of an effective bottom-up approach, with consideration for decentralization, should also be engaged at all stages of policy formulation.
The prevalence of soil transmitted helminth infections in minority indigenous populations of South-East Asia and the Western Pacific Region: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gilmour Beth , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Clements Archie C. A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections cause one of the most prevalent diseases in man. STHs disproportionately impact socio-economically disadvantaged communities including minority indigenous populations. This systematic review aimed to quantify the prevalence of STH infection within minority indigenous populations of the South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions.

Methods

The systematic review was conducted in accordance with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines following a published protocol. A random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of STH infection, and meta-regression analysis was used to quantify associations with study characteristics. Where comparative data were available, sub-group analysis was conducted to evaluate the risk of STH infection in minority indigenous people relative to other population groups. The heterogeneity between studies was evaluated visually using Forest plots and was assessed quantitatively by the index of heterogeneity (I2) and Cochran Q-statistics.

Results

From 1,366 unique studies that were identified, 81 were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of infection within minority indigenous populations was 61.4% (95% CI 50.8, 71.4) for overall STH infection; 32.3% (95% CI 25.7, 39.3) for Ascaris.lumbricoides; 43.6% (95% CI 32.6, 54.8) for Trichuris.trichiura; 19.9% (95% CI 15.7, 24.5) for hookworm and 6.3% (95% CI 3.2, 10.2) for Strongyloides.stercoralis. A significant increase in T. trichiura prevalence was observed over time. The stratified analysis showed that the prevalence of infection for STH overall and for each STH species were not significantly different in minority indigenous participants compared to other populations groups.

Conclusion

The prevalence of STH infection is high within minority indigenous populations across countries at very different levels of socio-economic development. The increasing prevalence of T. trichiura calls for the implementation of more effective therapies and control strategies.
Socioeconomic status and parent perceptions about the costs and benefits of youth sport
Authors: Kroshus Emily , Qu Pingping , Chrisman Sara , Herring Stanley , Rivara Frederick
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Describe what costs and benefits parents across the socioeconomic spectrum weight most heavily when making decisions about sport participation for their children.

Method

Cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative online panel of parents of children between the ages of 5 and 18 (n = 1025, 52% response rate). Parents rated the importance of a series of potential costs and benefits of youth sport and these responses were compared across tertiles of per capita family income. We first examined the association between family income tertiles and cost and benefit variables. Model-based cluster analysis was then used to identity homogeneous groups of responses to costs and benefits.

Results

In all income tertiles, the top two benefits of sport were the same: having fun and being physically active. Sport as a means of keeping children out of trouble was very important for 64% of low-income parents as compared to 40% of high-income parents. Obtaining a college athletic scholarship was very important for 26% of low-income parents, as compared to 8% of high-income parents. Relative rankings of potential costs were similar by income tertile, with risk of concussion and other injury and the impact of sport on schoolwork prioritized across tertiles.

Conclusions

Parents prioritized fun and fitness in sport, and were concerned about injury and the impact of sport on academics. Lower income parents were the most likely to view keeping their child out of trouble, and the potential for a college athletics scholarship, as benefits of sport. Efforts to support parental decision making should be grounded in an understanding that family preferences are contextually constrained. While all parents should be appropriately informed about the potential costs and benefits they are weighting in their sports-related decision making, such family-focused efforts should be balanced with the recognition that structural change is needed to address income-related concerns about sport participation.
Factors associated with police shooting mortality: A focus on race and a plea for more comprehensive data
Authors: Nix Justin , Shjarback John A.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To quantify nonfatal injurious police shootings of people and examine the factors associated with victim mortality.

Methods

We gathered victim-level data on fatal and nonfatal injurious police shootings from four states that have such information publicly available: Florida (2009–14), Colorado (2010–19), Texas (2015–19), and California (2016–19). For each state, we examined bivariate associations between mortality and race/ethnicity, gender, age, weapon, and access to trauma care. We also estimated logistic regression models predicting victim mortality in each state.

Results

Forty-five percent of these police shooting victims (N = 1,322) did not die. Black–white disparities were more pronounced in nonfatal injurious police shootings than in fatal police shootings. Overall, Black victims were less likely than white victims to die from their wound(s). Younger victims were less likely to die from their wound(s), as well as those who were unarmed.

Conclusions

Racial and age disparities in police shootings are likely more pronounced than previous estimates suggest.

Policy implications

Other states should strongly consider compiling data like that which is currently being gathered in California. Absent data on nonfatal injurious police shootings–which account for a large share of deadly force incidents–researchers and analysts must be cautious about comparing and/or ranking jurisdictions in terms of their police-involved fatality rates.
Increasing temperatures reduce invertebrate abundance and slow decomposition
Authors: Figueroa Laura L. , Maran Audrey , Pelini Shannon L.
Published: November 2021

Decomposition is an essential ecosystem service driven by interacting biotic and abiotic factors. Increasing temperatures due to climate change can affect soil moisture, soil fauna, and subsequently, decomposition. Understanding how projected climate change scenarios will affect decomposition is of vital importance for predicting nutrient cycling and ecosystem health. In this study, we experimentally addressed the question of how the early stages of decomposition would vary along a gradient of projected climate change scenarios. Given the importance of biodiversity for ecosystem service provisioning, we measured the effect of invertebrate exclusion on red maple (Acer rubrum) leaf litter breakdown along a temperature gradient using litterbags in warming chambers over a period of five weeks. Leaf litter decomposed more slowly in the warmer chambers and in the litterbag treatment that minimized invertebrate access. Moreover, increasing air temperature reduced invertebrate abundance and richness, and altered the community composition, independent of exclusion treatment. Using structural equation models, we were able to disentangle the effects of average air temperature on leaf litter loss, finding a direct negative effect of warming on the early stages of decomposition, independent of invertebrate abundance. This result indicates that not only can climate change affect the invertebrate community, but may also directly influence how the remaining organisms interact with their environment and their effectiveness at provisioning ecosystem services. Overall, our study highlights the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem services and contributes to our understanding of how climate change could disrupt nutrient cycling.
Impact of restriction of over-the-counter sales of antimicrobials on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from community-onset urinary tract infections in inner São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda Saad , Amat Helena Ribeiro Aiello , Fortaleza Carlos Magno Castelo Branco
Published: November 2021

Background

Antimicrobial resistance in community-associated infections is an increasing worldwide concern. In low-to-middle income countries, over-the-counter (OTC) sales of antimicrobials without medical prescription have been blamed for increasing consumption and resistance. We studied the impact of restriction of OTC sales of antimicrobials in Brazil (instituted in October 2010) on resistance trends of Escherichia coli from community-onset urinary tract infections.

Methods

We analyzed monthly resistance trend of Escherichia coli from community-onset urinary tract infections from 2005 through 2018. The data were submitted to interrupted time series analysis in both linear and Poisson regression models.

Results

We found impact on cefazolin (p<0.001) and amikacin (p<0.001) resistance as immediate impact of the intervention, and no beneficial impact on resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.

Conclusion

At the present study, we found that OTC sales restriction did not generally impact on antimicrobial resistance.
Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and microscopy for the detection of Fasciola spp. in the fecal matter of domestic bovines in Kalasin Province, Thailand
Authors: Thanasuwan Sirikanda , Tankrathok Anupong
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim: Fasciola spp. are important foodborne trematodes and waterborne zoonotic parasites that cause health problems and economic losses worldwide, including in Thailand. Fasciola spp. are usually detected by sedimentation or the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) under microscopy, which is less specific and sensitive. Accurate detection is important to detect real incidence for protection against and elimination of fasciolosis in the area. This study aimed to determine the distribution of Fasciola spp. and compare the specificity and sensitivity of FECT under microscopy to that of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cattle feces.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Kalasin Province, Thailand. Feces of 46 cattle were investigated for infection with Fasciola spp. To detect infection, FECT under microscopy and PCR amplification of the 28S rRNA gene of Fasciola spp. were used to identify egg parasites.

Results: Feces of 16 of 46 (34.78%) cattle were positive for Fasciola spp. using FECT under microscopy, whereas PCR showed that 67.39% (31 of 46) were positive for Fasciola spp. False-negative results were as high as 32.61% when diagnosed under microscopy.

Conclusion: This study confirmed the infection of cattle with Fasciola spp. in Kalasin Province, indicating that PCR demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity when diagnosing infection. FECT under microscopy can still be used as a primary and traditional method for diagnosis. However, relapse cases of Fasciola spp. and Paramphistomum spp. should be diagnosed by microscopy combined with PCR. This is the first report on the molecular distribution of fecal samples in cattle in Kalasin Province.
Pecalang: Kearifan Lokal Hukum Adat Bali
Authors:   Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta, Mulyanto Mulyanto
Published: November 2021

Keberadaan masyarakat hukum adat di Indonesia hingga saat ini belum berada dalam keadaan yang stabil, baik dari segi politik, hukum, budaya, maupun ekonomi. Bahkan, sering kali dijumpai konflik yang terjadi di masyarakat hukum adat yang bertolakbelakang dengan kepentingan negara. Meskipun demikian, tidak semua masyarakat saling berkonflik, masih terdapat masyarakat yang berusaha menjaga kebudayaan dan kearifannya dengan baik, yaitu masyarakat hukum adat Bali. Sebagai daerah yang menjaga nilai-nilai kearifan dengan baik, kehadiran pecalang menjadi sangat penting dalam hal ini. Pecalang merupakan salah satu unsur lembaga adat pemerintahan desa pakraman yang bertugas menjaga ketertiban dan keamanan masyarakat adat. Dengan hadirnya pecalang, segala kegiatan keagamaan dan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan khalayak ramai. Buku ini diharapkan dapat membantu pembaca dalam memahami nilai-nilai budaya kearifan lokal yang dirawat oleh masyarakat hukum adat Bali. Nilai-nilai yang dirawat tersebut terus tertanam kuat dalam masyarakat hukum adat Bali, terutama di dalam masyarakat hukum di desa adat (pakraman). Selain itu, buku ini juga diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat nyata untuk memajukan dan menyejahterakan masyarakat hukum adat Bali yang berada di desa pakraman.
Potassium mobilization and plant growth promotion by soil bacteria isolated from different agroclimatic zones of Odisha, India
Authors: PANDA Aiswarya , DASH Ankita , MISHRA Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: November 2021

Potassium is essential for plant metabolism; improves immunity to stress and increase crop productivity. Soil contains insoluble form of potassium, which is unavailable for plant absorption. Potash mobilizing bacteria (KMB) solubilise complex potassium and make it available to plant. KMB with plant growth promoting (PGP) traits could enhance growth and crop productivity. Here we attempt to screen KMBs with PGP traits from different agroclimatic zones of Odisha and study dynamics of potassium in soil. Isolation of KMB and determination of PGP traits was performed with standard protocols. Pot culture experiment was aimed to study their effect on sunflower crop. Available soil potassium was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Thirty KMBs were isolated from different agro-climatic zones of Odisha, out of which 6 isolates exhibited maximum PGP traits. Moreover, after adding inoculums the available soil potassium decreased over 0 to 30 days as compared to control, with increase in shoot length. T7 (consortium) reported maximum (144 %) increase in shoot length. Available soil potassium content decreased with increase in time. A maximum decrease was reported in T7 (26.31 %), suggesting potassium accumulation by plant.
Marker-trait association study for root-related traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: SHEKARI Zahra , TAHMASEBI Zahra , KANOUNI Homayoun , MEHRABI Ali ashraf
Published: November 2021

Root structure modification can improve important agronomic traits including yield, drought tolerance and nutrient deficiency resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of root traits and to find simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to root traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). This research was performed using 39 diverse accessions of chickpea. The results showed that there is significant variation in root traits among chickpea genotypes. A total of 26 alleles were detected 26 polymorphic bands were produced by 10 SSR markers in the eight linkage groups (LG). The results indicated that there is substantial variability present in chickpea germplasm for root traits. By analyzing the population structure, four subpopulations were identified. PsAS2, AF016458, 16549 and 19075 SSR markers on LG1, LG3, LG2 and LG1 linkage group respectively were associated with root traits. The research findings provide valuable information for improving root traits for chickpea breeders.
The role of exogenous glycinebetaine on some antioxidant activity of non-T and T tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under in vitro salt stress
Authors: VAHID DASTJERDI Marzeih , EHSANPOUR Ali Akbar , FORGHANI Amir Hossein
Published: November 2021

Glycine betaine is an osmoprotectant compound which enhances cell tolerance in plant species in response to environmental stresses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous application of glycine betaine on some antioxidant activities of tobacco plants overexpressing P5CS gene. Sterile tobacco seedlings with four to six leaves were transferred to MS medium containing 0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl, after which glycine betaine (20 and 40 mg l-1) were foliar sprayed on the surface of the plants. After four weeks, glycine betaine treatment enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the plant through activation of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). In contrast, H2O2 content and MDA level were reduced by glycine betaine under similar conditions. Therefore, application of exogenous glycine betaine under salt stress improved stress tolerance in T and non-T plants. Meanwhile, our results indicated the positive effect of glycine betaine in T plants was greater than in non-T plants. On the other hand, this result suggested that the synergistic effects of glycine betaine and proline in plants enhanced the antioxidant defense system in T plants overexpressing P5CS gene.
Correlation, regression and cluster analyses on yield attributes and popping characteristics of popcorn (Zea mays L. everta) in derived savanna and rainforest agro-ecologies of Nigeria
Authors: OLAKOJO Oloruntoba Olatayo , BANKOLE Folusho , OGUNNIYAN Dotun
Published: November 2021

Information on the genetic and agronomic relationship among the crop characters is important for the breeding programs. This study aimed at determining the relationship among grain yield, popping expansion and other agronomic characters in 19 popcorn lines evaluated in replicated trials at two locations. Correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between agronomic traits while multiple stepwise regression analyses was used to determine the contribution of other agronomic traits to grain yield. Results showed that plant and ear heights as well as cob length exhibited positive and significant association with grain yield. Popping volume showed negative and significant association (-0.45**) with grain yield while 100-grain mass had a negative and significant correlation (-0.37**) with popping volume. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that ear height, cob length, plant aspect and 100-grain mass contributed a total of 53.66 % to variation in grain yield, with ear height contributing the highest portion (22.51 %). Cluster analysis grouped popcorn lines into four different clusters, where ‘Small Pearl Shaped’ and ‘Popcorn 33-1-Y’ belonged to cluster II and IV, respectively, showing how divergent they are and possible utilization for hybrid formation. Improvement for popcorn should focus on identifying lines with acceptable level of popping volume and improved on their grain yield and yield attributes.
Insecticidal proteins and their potential use for Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say, 1824]) control
Authors: ŽIGON Primož , RAZINGER Jaka , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: November 2021

Plants respond to pest attack, among other mechanisms, by producing specific proteins with insecticidal properties. Proteins with toxic effects on insects have also been discovered in many other organisms, especially fungi and bacteria. Due to their biological function, insecticidal proteins represent an important potential in the development of more environmentally friendly plant protection methods. Increasing knowledge about the mode of action of insecticidal proteins and the identification of genes encoding their synthesis enable the breeding of transgenic plants resistant to insect pests and the development of new bioinsecticidal agents. The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is one of the most important pests of potato, so the study of such control methods is crucial for the development of sustainable integrated pest management strategies of potato. This review highlights the properties of some groups of insecticidal proteins and their modes of action, and summarizes examples of studies of their use for the control of Colorado potato beetle.
Material windows and working stations. The discourse networks behind skeuomorphic interface in Pathfinder: Kingmaker
Authors: Żmuda Michał Dawid
Published: November 2021

The article probes the intermedial structure of the skeuomorphic interface in Pathfinder: Kingmaker. The author indicates that intermedia research in game studies is often diachronically limited, focusing on material and semiotic interactions between “old” and “new” media. He proposes to open the field onto historically aware discoursive analysis and bases his method on Friedrich Kittler’s notion of “discourse networks”. This allows him to inspect the game in relation to technologically-founded networks that embody or bring into life specific modes of though and experience. During his analysis, he discovers that the interface design is involved with navigation devices in Late Medieval and Early Renaissance periods, Alberti’s windows as objects through with narrative spaces become visible, isometric modes of objective thinking, industrial and cybernetic notions of control, and the Xerox invention of the computer as a working environment.
Polish political browser games as generative metaphors: analysis of structures and functions
Authors: Babecki Miłosz
Published: November 2021

This article describes a study of 33 Polish political browser games, which are left of the set of 51 applications developed by Polish Internet users from 2005 to 2020. These considerations concern mainly the metaphorical messages conveyed in these games, in particular which features make browser games metaphorical messages, and what game structure is necessary to convey such messages. Differentiation of these game types is equally important. Owing to it, they can participate in expressive and explanatory communication.
Kolonizacja stawów hydr – narracje w serii Heroes of Might and Magic
Authors: Czyżak Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

This article is an analysis of narratives in a series of video games called Heroes of Might and Magic. Author discusses issue of colonial/imperial thinking connected with strategy genre, evolution of fantasy tropes and developement of plot structure. On this basis he tries to outline the limitations of storytelling which result from series formula.
Życie jak scenariusz. Na marginesie książki (Nie)zapomniani dokumentaliści
Authors: Hučková Jadwiga
Published: November 2021

The book (Un)forgotten documentalists, edited by Katarzyna Mąka-Malatyńska and Jolanta Lemann-Zajiček (2020) is a significant achievement in research on Polish documentary film. The review of the collective work, consisting of ten texts preceded by an introduction, becomes the starting point for discussions with selected authors and reflection on the problem of the absence of significant documentary filmmakers in the history of the film. Entire currents are also forgotten, such as a film about art, represented by four out of nine documentary filmmakers discussed in the book. The meanders of life and creativity can be instructive for contemporary documentary filmmakers.
Status prawny prowincji mezyjskich w okresie wojen markomańskich
Authors: Mrozewicz Leszek
Published: November 2021

In 1962, Anthony R. Birley advanced a remarkable thesis, claiming that the rank of the Roman province of Upper Moesia (Moesia superior) was temporarily reduced from consular to praetorian. To support the assertion, he cited the fact that one of the two legions stationed in the province left it for a period of time; this automatically entailed a revision of its status, which was thus downgraded. A province with one legion was governed by a former praetor, whereas a province with two or more legions was administered by a former consul (vir consularis). A.R. Birley drew on the account in SHA vita Marci 22.9, which states that Marcus Aurelius changed – pro belli necessitate – the status of several provinces, as well as on two inscriptions (CIL III 1566; XIII6806), which contained an unorthodox record of senatorial careers. Both inscriptions mention Upper Moesia. A.R. Birley’s proposition was widely accepted by researchers, though critical views were also expressed. Nonetheless, its impact was so effective that it was subsequently argued that the mechanism should be presumed to have applied to Lower Moesia (Moesia inferior) as well.

Still, a thorough analysis of all available sources permits one to conclude that the view is erroneous and altogether unfounded. In fact, its represents an outcome of a puristic application of the prosopographic method, which in this case proved a fundamental mistake.
Ubiór czyni Rzymianina? Styl życia, folusznicy i romanizacja rzymskiej prowincji Panonii (I-III wiek n.e.).
Authors: Kaczmarek Zofia
Published: November 2021

The paper discusses the role of attire in the process of Romanization of Pannonia. Special emphasis is placed on the probability of clothes having been fulled in the province. Since fulling was a matter of personal interest, not necessity, the emergence of the fullonicae could be considered as a symptom of embracing Roman way of life and thus Roman culture.
Pandemiyi Tartışmak: Ekoloji, Neoliberalizm ve Kriz Yönetimi
Authors: Yıldızcan Cemil , Özpınar Cihan
Published: November 2021

Dünyayı bütünüyle etkisi altına alan ve neredeyse eşzamanlı bir şekilde farklı coğrafi, siyasi, ekonomik, toplumsal ve kültürel bağlamlarda farklı etkiler ve tepkiler yaratan Covid-19 pandemisi, yerküreyi büyük bir toplum bilimleri laboratuvarına dönüştürdü. Bu süreç, salgınla tetiklenen bir sağlık krizi ile başlasa da kısa zamanda toplumsal yaşamın bütün alanlarında karmaşık etkileri görünen bir toplumsal krize evrildi. Salgının ikinci yılına girilirken, pandemiyi meydana getiren dinamiklerden insan, doğa ve toplumsal düzen arasındaki ilişkinin niteliğine, pandeminin özgül ve genelleştirilebilir sonuçlarından pandemi yönetiminin teknik, siyasi, ekonomik, ideolojik ve kültürel boyutlarına dek toplum bilimlerini ilgilendiren pek çok bağlamda gündeme gelen sorgulamalar şimdiden oldukça geniş bir literatür oluşturdurdu. Devlet aygıtları başta olmak üzere farklı ölçeklerdeki (küresel, ulusal, bölgesel ya da yerel) kurumlar ve insan topluluklarının, birbirleri arasındaki ve kendi içlerindeki değişen ilişkileri, aksiyonları ve reaksiyonları toplum bilimlerinin farklı kavramsal araçları ve yöntemleri ile ele almaya çalışan bu literatür farklı epistemolojik ve ontolojik problemlerden hareket etti. Bu makale, oldukça geniş ve kaotik görünen bu literatürün dayandığı kimi anahtar niteliğindeki temaları ve sorunsalları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Arjantin ve Brezilya’da Covid-19 Pandemi Politikalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Authors: Ak Burak
Published: November 2021

2019 yılı aralık ayında başlayan Covid-19 salgını, toplum sağlığının korunması için günlük hayatın ve toplumsal düzenin hemen hemen her alanını etkileyen ve devlet kapasitesini ön plana çıkaran salgın politikaları üretmeyi gerektirmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak küresel anlamda devletlerin pandemi süresince uyguladığı politikalar ve özellikle son dönemde yükselişte olan popülist rejimlerin pandemi politikaları önemli bir tartışma unsuru olmuştur. Söz konusu tartışmalarda popülist rejimler birbirine benzer biçimlerde tasvir edilmiş ve ağırlıklı olarak sağ popülizm örneklerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu yaklaşımlar, pandemi politikalarındaki farklılaşmaların göz ardı edilmesine neden olmuştur. Buradan hareketle çalışma, Latin Amerika’da popülist rejimlere örnek teşkil eden Arjantin ve Brezilya’nın pandemi politikalarını sınıfsal dinamikler üzerinden inceleyecektir. Çalışmanın metodu bu ülkelerdeki pandemi dönemi politikalarının içeriğinin Covid-19 salgını konusundaki raporlar üzerinden incelenmesi ve politikaları etkileyen sınıfsal dinamiklerin ikincil kaynaklar üzerinden analiz edilmesinden oluşmaktadır. Sırasıyla sol ve sağ popülizm örnekleri olarak da görülebilecek Arjantin ve Brezilya’da, pandemi politikaları açısından belirgin farklılıklar görülmektedir. Bu farklılaşmayı yanıştır biçimde, analizler Latin Amerika’da popülist rejimlerin her dönemde farklı toplumsal kesimlere dayandığını ve politikaların bu dinamikler üzerinden şekillendiğini göstermektedir. Arjantin’de rejimin Peronist dönemin özelliklerini yansıtır biçimde işçi sınıfının ve yerli burjuvazinin, Brezilya’da ise finans sektörü ve üst gelir gruplarının desteğine dayanması, bu iki popülist yönetimin doğasını ve politikalarını ayrıştıran temel bir faktör olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Çalışmadaki bu iki ülke örneği, popülizmin farklılaşan biçimlerini yansıtmakta ve pandemi politikalarını bu dinamikler üzerinden okumaya fırsat sunmaktadır.
Unique presentations of the post COVID-19 infection, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Biham Rochwerger Keren , Nahum Amit
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues to affect most of the world’s population. In children, the respiratory and systemic involvement appears to have a much more benign course in comparison to adults, with almost no fatalities reported. However, we are now encountering a post-infectious immune mediated condition, termed, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). In most cases the main features are prolonged fever and elevated inflammatory markers. Many of the patients present with abdominal pain and varying degrees of myocardial involvement, from mild reduction in cardiac output to the most alarming manifestation of cardiovascular shock.

Results: We present two patients with unusual manifestations of MIS-C related to post COVID-19 infection: an infant born to a mother who was severely ill at the very end of pregnancy, presenting with prolonged fever, rash, pericardial effusion, and evidence of coronary arteries wall dilation thickening as a result of inflammation, and, a teenage girl with severe cardiac tamponade without the more common cardiac manifestations of myocardial involvement.

Discussion: Post COVID-19 MIS-C can present with a wide variety of manifestations. The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these inflammatory responses in infants are yet to be elucidated. Physicians should be aware of such presentations since rapid diagnosis and treatment are key for a favourable outcome.

Statement of novelty: We present two unique manifestations of post COVID-19 infection which, to date, are not discussed frequently in the literature.
The Chivalry of a Martial Artist – Interview with Wu Jing
Authors: Jia Leilei
Published: November 2021

This dialog was conducted between Wu Jing, an actor and a film director, and Jia Leilei, a researcher of the Chinese National Academy of Arts, at Director Wu Jing’s Studio in Beijing on May 18, 2021. This dialog is about Wu Jing’s personal experiences and film concepts including Wu Jing as a martial artist, Wu Jing as an actor and a director; his persistence in pursuing authenticity in filmmaking as well as his life philosophy, all highlighting the chivalry of martial artists both in the film world and real life.
The crystal structure of 2,2′-((1E,1′E)-(naphthalene-2,3 diylbis(azanylylidene)) bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-methylphenol), C26H22N2O2
Authors: Ndlangamandla Nqobile , Clayton Hadley S.
Published: November 2021

C26H22N2O2, monoclinic, P21/n (No. 14), a = 6.2362(2) Å, b = 16.3148(6) Å, c = 20.0521(7) Å, β = 94.308(1)°, V = 2034.38(12) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0439, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1088, T = 173 K.
Communicating Probability Information in Hurricane Forecasts: Assessing Statements that Forecasters Use on Social Media and Implications for Public Assessments of Reliability
Authors: Rosen Zoey , Krocak Makenzie J. , Ripberger Joseph T. , Cross Rachael , Lenhardt Emily , Silva Carol L. , Jenkins-Smith Hank C.
Published: November 2021

Forecasters are responsible for predicting the weather and communicating risk with stakeholders and members of the public. This study investigates the statements that forecasters use to communicate probability information in hurricane forecasts and the impact these statements may have on how members of the public evaluate forecast reliability. We use messages on Twitter to descriptively analyze probability statements in forecasts leading up to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, Maria, and Florence from forecasters in three different groups: the National Hurricane Center, local Weather Forecast Offices, and in the television broadcast community. We then use data from a representative survey of United States adults to assess how members of the public wish to receive probability information and the impact of information format on assessments of forecast reliability. Results from the descriptive analysis indicate forecasters overwhelmingly use words and phrases in place of numbers to communicate probability information. In addition, the words and phrases forecasters use are generally vague in nature -- they seldom include rank adjectives (e.g., “low” or “high”) to qualify blanket expressions of uncertainty (e.g., “there is a chance of flooding”). Results from the survey show members of the public generally prefer both words/phrases and numbers when receiving forecast information. They also show information format affects public judgments of forecast reliability; on average, people believe forecasts are more reliable when they include numeric probability information.
Uma PROPOSTA DE MAPEAMENTO DE PROCESSOS PARA UMA EMPRESA DE VENDAS EM CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL
Authors: Pinto Joanna Pais Ferreira , Fernandes José Luiz
Published: November 2021

As diversas mudanças políticas e econômicas marcadas nos últimos anos no Brasil, influenciaram de forma muito negativa no setor da construção civil. Neste cenário surge necessidade da aplicação das melhores práticas de gestão nas empresas. O mapeamento de processos BPMN se destaca auxiliando na redução de custos e aumento da produtividade operacional. Neste trabalho, o conceito foi aplicado em uma empresa de distribuição de material de construção civil através dos conhecimentos teóricos vindos das literaturas e dos conhecimentos práticos obtidos por entrevistas com os colaboradores e indicadores de sua base de dados. O estudo de caso identificou soluções capazes de otimizar o trabalho operacional e auxiliar no planejamento estratégico a longo prazo da empresa, características fundamentais para melhorias nos resultados da organização.