bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Signature Reveals Laminar Structure of the Porcine Hippocampus
Authors: Ulyanova Alexandra V. , Koch Paul F. , Cottone Carlo , Grovola Michael R. , Adam Christopher D. , Browne Kevin D. , Weber Maura T. , Russo Robin J. , Gagnon Kimberly G. , Smith Douglas H. , Chen H. Isaac , Johnson Victoria E. , Cullen D. Kacy , Wolf John A.
Published: October 2017

The hippocampus is integral to working and episodic memory, and is a central region of interest in diseases affecting these processes. Pig models are widely used in translational research, and may provide an excellent bridge between rodents and non-human primates for CNS disease models due to their gyrencephalic neuroanatomy and significant white matter composition. However, the laminar structure of the pig hippocampus has not been well characterized. Therefore, we histologically characterized the dorsal hippocampus of Yucatan miniature pigs and quantified the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampal layers. We then utilized stereotaxis combined with single unit electrophysiological mapping to precisely place multichannel laminar silicon probes into the dorsal hippocampus without the need for image guidance. We usedin vivoelectrophysiological recordings of simultaneous laminar field potentials and single unit activity in multiple layers of the dorsal hippocampus to physiologically identify and quantify these layers under anesthesia. Consistent with previous reports, we found the porcine hippocampus to have the expected archicortical laminar structure with some anatomical and histological features comparable to the rodent and others to the primate hippocampus. Importantly, we found these distinct features to be reflected in the laminar electrophysiology. This characterization, as well as our electrophysiology-based methodology targeting the porcine hippocampal lamina combined with high channel count silicon probes will allow for analysis of spike-field interactions during normal and disease states in both anesthetized and future awake behaving neurophysiology in this large animal.

Significance Statement

The hippocampus is central to working and episodic memory and is critically affected by diverse disease processes. In order to investigate hippocampal electrophysiology in translational large animal models, we developed an imaging-free stereotaxis and intraoperative electrophysiology methodology with custom silicon probes to precisely localize probe placement within the hippocampal laminar structure. We report for the first time the profile of single units and local field potentials in the pig dorsal hippocampus and relate them to a histological description. This characterization forms the basis for accessible translational pig models to study diseases of the central nervous system affecting hippocampal circuitry in the large animal gyrencephalic brain, as well as the groundwork for potential awake behaving neurophysiology of the porcine hippocampus.

Funding Sources

The Department of Veterans Affairs, IK2-RX001479, I01-RX001097. The National Institutes of Health, NINDS R01-NS-101108-01, T32-NS043126. CURE Foundation, Taking Flight Award. DoD ERP CDMRP, W81XWH-16-1-0675.
Cellular diversity of the somatosensory cortical map plasticity
Authors: Kole Koen , Scheenen Wim , Tiesinga Paul , Celikel Tansu
Published: October 2017

Sensory maps are representations of the sensory epithelia in the brain. Despite the intuitive explanatory power behind sensory maps as being neuronal precursors to sensory perception, and sensory cortical plasticity as a neural correlate of perceptual learning, molecular mechanisms that regulate map plasticity are not well understood. Here we perform a meta-analysis of transcriptional and translational changes during altered whisker use to nominate the major molecular correlates of experience-dependent map plasticity in the barrel cortex. We argue that brain plasticity is a systems level response, involving all cell classes, from neuron and glia to non-neuronal cells including endothelia. Using molecular pathway analysis, we further propose a gene regulatory network that could couple activity dependent changes in neurons to adaptive changes in neurovasculature, and finally we show that transcriptional regulations observed in major brain disorders target genes that are modulated by altered sensory experience. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity of sensory maps might help to unravel the cellular events that shape brain plasticity in health and disease.
Acetylcholine disinhibits hippocampal circuits to enable rapid formation of overlapping memory ensembles
Authors: Prince Luke Y. , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira , Clopath Claudia , Mellor Jack R.
Published: October 2017

In the hippocampus, episodic memories are thought to be encoded by the formation of ensembles of synaptically coupled CA3 pyramidal cells driven by sparse but powerful mossy fiber inputs from dentate gyrus granule cells. Acetylcholine is proposed as the salient signal that determines which memories are encoded but its actions on mossy fiber transmission are largely unknown. Here, we show experimentally that cholinergic receptor activation suppresses feedforward inhibition and enhances excitatory-inhibitory ratio. In reconstructions of CA3 pyramidal cells, this disinhibition enables postsynaptic dendritic depolarization required for synaptic plasticity at CA3-CA3 recurrent synapses. We further show in a spiking neural network model of CA3 how a combination of disinhibited mossy fiber activity, enhanced cellular excitability and reduced recurrent synapse strength can drive rapid overlapping ensemble formation. Thus, we propose a coordinated set of mechanisms by which acetylcholine release enables the selective encoding of salient high-density episodic memories in the hippocampus.
Moderate-Throughput Identification and Comparison of Campylobacter-Infecting Bacteriophages
Authors: Johnson Tylor J. , Shank Janette M. , Patel Kishen M. , Paredes Maribel D. , Lee Esther D. , Mitchell Mary K. , Denes Thomas G. , Johnson Jeremiah G.
Published: October 2017

Campylobacter jejuniis a leading cause of foodborne infection due to its ability to asymptomatically colonize agricultural animals. In addition to its prevalence,Campylobacteris becoming increasingly resistant to the clinical antibiotics, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. As a result, public health agencies have identified drug resistantCampylobacteras a serious threat to public health and have suggested combating the pathogen at the farm-level by reducing its burden within agricultural animal reservoirs. Due to antibiotic restrictions in agricultural animals, reducingCampylobacterburden on the farm requires the identification and development of novel approaches. To this end, our group employed a broad sampling strategy to isolate a diverse collection of bacteriophages that can predateCampylobacter. We successfully isolated 70 bacteriophages from these samples and subjected them to whole-genome sequencing and initial comparative genomic analysis. Following this analysis, we performed dose-response assays by adding increasing concentrations of bacteriophage toC. jejunicultures. From this work, we were able to identify diverse phage groups from multiple sources that correlated with robust inhibition ofC. jejunigrowth. Lastly, we employed transmission electron microscopy to examine the morphology of these bacteriophages and were able to confirm that genetic diversity reflected morphological diversity in these bacteriophages.

Importance

Globally,Campylobacter jejuniis the most common cause of bacterial-derived gastroenteritis due to its ability to colonize agriculturally relevant animals. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistantC. jejunistrains necessitates the development of novel treatments to combat colonization of the animal host. In this study, we describe the isolation of 70 bacteriophages from various environmental sources that infect and killC. jejuni. A robust analysis of the genetic diversity of these phage is described, and transmission electron microscopy is utilized to evaluate morphological differences. This study describes a novel prospecting strategy for isolating bacteriophage that infectC. jejunifrom various environmental sources. In previous studies, bacteriophage that killC. jejunihave been isolated from sewage and pig manure; however, the majority have been isolated from chickens, and have been relatively few in number. We postulate this study increases the likelihood of isolating bacteriophage efficacious at combatingC. jejunicolonization of agricultural animal hosts at the farm-level or treating infected humans.
catena-Poly[[trimethyltin(IV)]-μ-methylphenylphosphinato-κ2O:O′]
Authors: Fu Chunhua , Zhang Rufen , Zhang Shaoliang
Published: October 2017

A new trimethyltin(IV) coordination polymer, [Sn(CH3)3(C7H8O2P)], has been prepared by treatment of methylphenylphosphinic acid and trimethyltin chloride with sodium ethoxide in methanol. In the solid state, the title compound adopts an infinite one-dimensional polymeric chain structure with each SnIVatom adopting a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry.
Whistleblowing as a countermeasure strategy against food crime
Authors: Soon Jan Mei , Manning Louise
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to undertake a two-phase desktop review of literature sources in order to conceptualise, frame, and critique existing whistleblowing models and strategies and consider how whistleblowing strategies form part of an effective food crime management system (FCMS) especially for small and medium sized organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

Existing literature from academic sources, financial, healthcare, food industries has been reviewed and critiqued in order to construct a conceptual framework that can inform future empirical research.

Findings

Whistleblowing strategies can form an effective part of a FCMS. Appropriate regulatory protection of those who whistleblow is crucial to not only safeguard individuals but also to mitigate food crime and protect consumers from loss and potential harm. Barriers to whistleblowing exist and if these are not addressed then individuals will be reluctant to report food crime. Further empirical research is required to assess the influence of these and other factors identified in this research and how they can be overcome.

Originality/value

The framework will provide food industry practitioners with guidance on the effective application of whistleblowing strategies within a FCMS.
CARVER+Shock method and its application in a catering company in Poland
Authors: Wiśniewska Małgorzata
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the practical implementation of the CARVER+Shock (CS) method and describe the following steps of vulnerability assessment on the basis of a catering company, and to confirm that it can be successfully applied by the restaurant for better preparation regarding potential, intentional contamination.

Design/methodology/approach

The research method is a case study, including examining the company’s documentation and the interview with the company owner. The analysis refers to the following seven attributes: criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, recognizability and shock.

Findings

The practical application of CS method in company allows indicating the most vulnerable phases of the catering process. The values of “recuperability,” “effect” and “shock” are increasing along with the development of the catering process. The lowest risk of threat is observed at the first phases of the catering process, and the most risky were those connected with the preliminary consumption phase and with the final phase, which is arranged in the place of the event. The attributes “recognizability” and “effect” have the greatest influence on the outcome. The closer the food gets to the consumer, the higher is the risk of intentional contamination, and the harder it is to reverse its effects.

Originality/value

In the scientific literature, there is a gap observed in the subject of applying the CS method. This is the first case study presentation referring to its application in catering processes in Poland.
The development and use of a contingency model of objective setting
Authors: Manning Tony
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore why objective setting is often found difficult and consider what to do about it. The paper critically assesses the two main managerial perspectives on objective setting before summarising evidence-based research on what works. Based on this literature review, the paper develops a contingency model of objective setting. It then describes how to use this model in practice.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a review of the managerial and evidence-based literature on objective setting to develop a contingency model of objective setting. It describes how this model is operationalised by developing a scale to measure the differences between jobs and the situations they operate in. The model is represented diagramatically. Guidance is given on how to use the model in practice.

Findings

Result-centred and process-centred approaches to objective setting are described and critically assessed. Evidence-based research describing the relationship between objective setting and performance is also presented. In general, clear and specific goals that are challenging but realistic have a moderate effect on performance. However, this only holds for straightforward and predictable tasks. When prior knowledge is needed to perform a task or when the task is complex, a general goal, behavioural goal or learning goal is more effective. Parallels between the managerial perspectives and the contrasting situations form the basis of a contingency model of objective setting.

Research limitations/implications

The relevant theory is described and critically examined. This provides useful descriptions of two different ways to go about setting objectives. The conclusions of recent studies and reviews using evidence-based research are described. They establish both what works and when it works. Taken together, these insights provide a foundation on which to develop a contingency model of objective setting.

Practical implications

There is no one right way to set objectives. Different situations require different approaches. It is possible to assess situations and establish the appropriate combination of perspectives. It is then possible to develop an appropriate set of objectives for the situation. Guidance is given on how to use this approach in practice. The overall approach is rooted in theory and evidence-based research.

Social implications

The application of this model in the workplace can help individuals to perform more effectively. It can also help line managers, learning and development specialists, and human resource professionals to help individuals to perform more effectively. In so doing, the model helps organisations to function more effectively. This has wider implications for the economy and society.

Originality/value

The paper is original in that it brings together both management theory and evidence-based research to develop a contingency model of objective setting. This model as a whole and the method of assessing job characteristics are original.
Application of law of evidence to Islamic banking with special reference to Malaysia
Authors: Muneeza Aishath
Published: October 2017

Purpose

This research aims to deal with the law of evidence invoked in Islamic banking cases reported in Malaysia from 1983 to 2015 and determine whether the invoked provisions of the statute in the case law have any conflicts with Islamic law that are threatening the development of Islamic banking in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology used in this research is assessing the implication by studying the provisions of the law of evidence that has been invoked in the reported case law.

Findings

It is evident from this research that following are the evident conflicts found in the Evidence Act 1950. In this arena, the following changes are significant for sustaining Islamic banking in Malaysia. Expert opinion under Section 45 of the Evidence Act 1950 should be amended such that in Islamic banking, under this Act, expert opinion can be sought by the court. The rule and exceptions of parol evidence in Sections 91 and 92 of the Evidence Act 1950 need to be amended such that in Islamic banking matters, anything that is contrary to Sharicah is mentioned in the contract; this amendment will be an exception to the parol evidence rule on the grounds that the written Islamic contract can be amended or set aside depending on the circumstances of the case.

Originality/value

It is anticipated that this research will assist jurisdictions to understand that even adjective laws applicable to Islamic banking will be harmonized with Islamic law. This is because the prefix Islam attached to the term banking is not merely a namesake, but it means more than that, i.e. all aspects of Islamic banking will be consistent with Islamic law.
Reward allocation decision making in Arab-Islamic business organizations
Authors: Bachkirov Alexandre Anatolievich , Shamsudin Faridahwati Mohd.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate monetary reward allocation decision-making in an Arab-Islamic business environment.

Design/methodology/approach

In this mixed-method (quantitative/qualitative) study, data were obtained from a sample of 342 practicing managers of different genders and educational levels working in different industries at different organizational levels in Oman.

Findings

The more individualistic personal orientation, the more likely the decision makers are to allocate the biggest reward to the best performer and to believe that the equity principle is best for distributing rewards. In the context of a society transitioning from collectivistic to individualistic cultural values, the level of education is associated with preference for the equity principle in reward allocations.

Research limitations/implications

The reported findings advance the theoretical understanding of how an emic perspective can explain reward allocation decision-making in Arab-Islamic environment.

Practical implications

Practical implications of this study lie in the guidance that global managers can draw regarding which allocation principle to use in which cultural context: the principle of equity – not equality, need or seniority – is embraced by organizations in the Arabian Gulf.

Originality/value

The study examines reward allocation decision-making behavior in the under-researched context of the Arabian Gulf and adds to the body of knowledge based on data obtained from practicing managers rather than college students.
Modernity in British advertising: selling cocoa and chocolate in the 1930s
Authors: French Michael
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of “push” marketing in the confectionery industry in Britain during the 1930s. It examines the interplay between a manufacturer and advertising agency in creating advertising for cocoa and chocolate.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of the literature examines the uses of health and well-being in the design of advertising in Britain between the wars. The records of Rowntree and its main advertising agency, J Walter Thompson, are used to examine the themes and tactics used in advertising for cocoa and Aero chocolate bars during the 1930s.

Findings

The paper emphasises the different ways in which health and nutrition was used in advertising for the two products. The campaigns of the 1930s built on earlier use of these themes. J Walter Thompson looked for ways of presenting commodities as “new and improved” and their role extended into pressing for changes to production methods and the nature of products. Themes of modernity, sexuality and lifestyles all featured, confirming conclusions of earlier studies. However, targeting of mothers and of different age and gender groups indicated that market segmentation was used extensively via print media and tailored advertising messages.

Originality/value

Although Cadbury, Rowntree and confectionery have been studied in depth before, this paper emphasises their role in applying new advertising ideas to everyday items. It points to the influence of advertising on the mass of consumers compared to the middle- and upper-income groups targeted in the marketing of houses, motor-cars and new consumer durables.
Marketing strategy in Britain’s mainline railways, 1923-1938
Authors: Shin Hiroki
Published: October 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to reassess the marketing strategy of Britain’s Big Four railway companies during the interwar period to locate railway marketing in the broader context of railway business and the general development of service marketing in Britain.

Design/methodology/approach

By a detailed analysis of internal company records, this paper discusses three aspects of railway marketing: the development of marketing departments within the companies, the control of marketing expenditure and the industry-wide marketing alliance. The three areas of railway marketing are examined by way of comparing them with the corresponding situations in other British industries.

Findings

It reveals the relatively advanced state of railway companies’ marketing in the contemporary context. Furthermore, a series of re-organisations are interpreted as a response to the inter-modal competition from road traffic.

Originality/value

By characterising railway marketing in the interwar period as part of the industry’s rear-guard battle in the competitive travel market, in which railways were clearly losing out to road traffic, the paper provides a perspective that enables to understand how the “golden age” of railway marketing coincided with the railways’ decline in the passenger business.
Exploring service climate and employee performance in multicultural service settings
Authors: Fung Chaktin , Sharma Piyush , Wu Zhan , Su Yong
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new conceptual model that incorporates internal service quality as a mediator between service climate and employee performance and two personal cultural orientations (independence and interdependence) as the moderators of these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey of 353 employees representing 19 different nationalities, working in 18 branches and offices of a multinational business-to-business (B2B) civil engineering services firm, spread across 14 countries.

Findings

All the hypotheses are supported. Specifically, internal service quality mediates the influence of service climate on employee performance and these relationships are stronger for employees with interdependent (vs independent) cultural orientations.

Research limitations/implications

This paper uses data collected from the employees in a single B2B firm in one industry (Civil Engineering Services) and focuses on a few key variables, which may restrict the generalizability of its findings.

Practical implications

The findings of this paper highlight the importance of cultural factors in building a service climate in multinational service organizations to help their employees work more effectively and efficiently with their colleagues from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Originality/value

This paper clarifies the relationships among service climate, internal service quality and employee performance, by showing that internal service quality mediates the influence of service climate on employee performance.
The logic model: more than a planning tool
Authors: Hamasu Claire , Kelly Elizabeth
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe how the logic model can provide infrastructure for library programming from planning, tracking accomplishments, identifying where adjustments are required, to reporting outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

The National Network of Libraries of Medicine, MidContinental Region has used the logic model since 2003 for planning and organizing its work. Its geographically dispersed librarians carry out six project initiatives. The logic model is used during planning to establish consensus on expectations and responsibilities. An online reporting tool, developed in 2004, tracks staff activities to the logic model. Quarterly reports for each project uses reporting tool data to determine whether the project is going along as planned or whether an intervention is required. At the end of the year, a final report assesses the achievement outcomes and indicators.

Findings

Writing a logic model is a study in semantics. It is important to be as specific as possible. Accurately defining terms saves puzzlement down the line on whether an activity was carried out as planned or an indicator was met. Measurable targets for each indicator encourage staff to continuously evaluate their activities and adjust their work to achieve the desired results. Writing realistic indicators is a process that improves with practice. Early in the program enthusiasm and the optimism of the librarian staff led to the indicators that were unrealistic within a one year timeframe.

Practical implications

The logic model accommodates the unforeseeable and helps evaluate whether an activity is worth doing. It is impossible to identify all future opportunities. The logic model runs from the visionary (goals) to the ordinary (activities). When the unexpected arises it can be evaluated on how closely it addresses goals and outcomes and can be tied to that goal or outcome when reporting. The integration of the logic model into the program is made more efficient with an online report system. Having a system that links staff work to the logic model facilitates analysis, decision making, and reporting.

Originality/value

The logic model is generally touted as a planning tool. This paper expands the use of the logic model as a tool for planning, tracking, and reporting.
The evolution of devolution in HR
Authors: Intindola Melissa , Weisinger Judith Y. , Benson Philip , Pittz Thomas
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of a multi-level approach consisting of individual, human resource management (HRM) team, and organizational contingency factors when considering the efficacy of HR devolvement efforts. The authors accomplish this through a review of the relevant devolvement literature to show how outcomes are impacted by contingency factors, which highlights a gap in extant scholarship, and the authors organize the literature in a way that is meaningful to future researchers interested in the topic as well as practitioners involved with its implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a narrative review approach to describe previous devolvement research (e.g. Hammersley, 2001; Harvey and Moeller, 2009). In contrast to a systematic review more commonly seen in quantitative meta-analyses, a narrative review allows for a more descriptive and detailed analysis and critique of quantitative, qualitative, and theoretical research (Bezrukovaet al., 2012; Posthumaet al., 2002). This methodology produced over 300 books, journal articles, magazine articles, and discussion papers. In this review, the authors chose to focus only on those peer-reviewed papers reporting empirical findings or developing theoretical arguments surrounding devolvement.

Findings

While the studies reviewed herein are admirable and help call attention to an important topic in HRM, they nonetheless fail to provide a comprehensive understanding of contingencies affecting devolvement as they do not consider the multi-level nature of the phenomenon. Therefore, the authors’ contribution lies in the identification and categorization of contingency factors affecting the occurrence of devolvement operating at the individual, HRM team, and organizational levels.

Originality/value

As devolvement continues to be a viable means for assigning HR responsibilities from the human resources department to managers, its effects can have an impact on organizational performance, the strategic positioning of HR, and various job attitudes of line managers. Therefore, a clearer picture of devolvement in order to understand its continued significance is an important contribution.
Expatriates’ withdrawal intentions
Authors: Pinto Luisa Helena , Cabral Cardoso Carlos , Werther Jr William B.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of perceived home and destination organizational culture characteristics and general satisfaction with the assignment as antecedents of expatriates’ withdrawal intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through a web survey of an international sample of expatriates with a broad representation of industries, organizations and countries of origin and destination.

Findings

The results indicate that home and destination organizational cultures affect expatriates’ withdrawal intentions, after controlling for demographics and national cultural differences, namely: home organizational culture has a stronger influence on withdrawal intentions from the organization, while host organizational culture affects withdrawal intentions from the assignment. Further, the relationship between host organizational culture and expatriates’ intentions to withdraw from the assignment is mediated by expatriates’ satisfaction with the assignment. Evidence was also found supporting a stronger and negative influence of the goal orientation dimension of organizational culture, thus suggesting that a collective orientation toward common business goals (i.e. solidarity) may help retain expatriates.

Originality/value

This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by exploring the influence of organizational culture on expatriates’ withdrawal intentions, and the mediating role of expatriates’ satisfaction with the assignment, on that relationship.
Early exit or longer stay? The effect of precarious employment on planned age of retirement
Authors: Livanos Ilias , Nuñez Imanol
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how precarious conditions at work affect older workers’ decision about their planned age of retirement.

Design/methodology/approach

Different theoretical approaches on the decision to retire are investigated in order to ascertain whether precarious employment extends, or not, one’s working life. A rich data set including over 250,000 old workers across EU-15 is built for the empirical investigation.

Findings

The results suggest that old workers involved in precarious employment are planning to retire later than those who are engaged with more stable and regular jobs. However, lack of training as well as poor health conditions at work are found to be associated with early retirement.

Originality/value

The analysis conceptually associates two key features of modern labour markets (precariousness and retirement) and empirically provides some evidence of the effect of poor employment conditions on the decision to retire.
A comprehensive concomitant analysis of service employees’ well-being and performance
Authors: Edgar Fiona , Geare Alan , Zhang Jing A.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The connection between employees’ well-being and performance, although widely studied in organizational psychology, has received much less attention from HRM scholars. The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature by examining the impacts of the multidimensional structure of well-being consisting of psychological, social and health dimensions on employees’ task and contextual performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected data from 281 employees from the New Zealand service sector using a questionnaire survey. Factor analysis was used to determine items that form various facets of well-being and performance constructs. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the well-being – performance relationship.

Findings

The findings show that different facets of well-being differentially contribute to employees’ task and contextual performance. Specifically, the facets of happiness and trust were positively associated with both task and contextual performance, while the effects of life satisfaction and work life balance on task and contextual performance were insignificant. Moreover, work intensification was only associated with task performance, in contrast, job satisfaction and over commitment were only related to contextual performance.

Practical implications

The implications of these findings are two-fold. For researchers, a review and overhaul of the conceptualization and operationalization of well-being in HRM studies is long overdue. For managers, improvements to employees’ job performance and the organization’s health can result from simultaneously enhancing multiple dimensions of employees’ well-being.

Originality/value

This study provides new insights into the complex relationship between well-being and performance by incorporating a multidimensional and multifaceted perspective of well-being and highlighting the distinctive effects of various facets of well-being on different types of employees’ performance.
Uncovering curvilinearity in the organizational tenure-job performance relationship
Authors: Uppal Nishant
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to posit a curvilinear relationship between organizational tenure and various facets of job performance. So far, theoretical explanations of such curvilinearity have been inconclusive and ambiguous. The current study draws from literature on organizational commitment to present an additional psychoeconomic explanation for curvilinearity. Further, it brings together job design, job stage, and conservation resource models to investigate moderation effects of motivational job characteristics on the organizational tenure-job performance relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

It is a longitudinal field study at two time periods using a sample of employees (n=679) in 19 job profiles from 13 different public sector organizations.

Findings

The current study found a mediated curvilinear relationship between organizational tenure and job performance from continuance commitment. The data show moderation effects of motivational job characteristics on the mediated curvilinear organizational tenure-job performance relationship.

Originality/value

Prior research based on industrial and business organizations provides substantial evidence to expect a curvilinear relationship between organizational tenure and job performance. That is, after an employee has spent a considerable amount of time in an organization and learned virtually all aspects of the job, further organizational tenure may cease to produce additional job performance improvements. However, scholars predicting curvilinear relationship have focused predominately on empirical verification with inconclusive and ambiguous theoretical explications. Therefore, the aim of the present study is twofold. First, it attempts to describe the ambiguous relationship between organizational tenure and job performance by examining the mechanism behind curvilinearity. Second, it examines motivational job characteristics as possible moderators that may affect the relationship.
Test‐Retesting in Experimental Valuation of Perishable Food Products: Unstable Individual Bids and Reliable Market Demand
Authors: Alfnes Frode , Rickertsen Kyrre , Shogren Jason F.
Published: October 2017

One important property of a preference measure is its reliability. In this article, we explore the reliability of experimental auctions in measuring the market demand for five types of fish. We use the test‐retest method to compare demand curves from two Becker–DeGroot–Marschak experiments with the same 116 participants conducted 7 months apart in time. The individual bids are not stable for these perishable products, but the distributions of the individual bids are stable. We find that the unsystematic individual variations cancel out in the aggregation of bids in a typical sample size for experimental valuation studies. Our results suggest that experimental auctions provide reliable market demand estimates even though the individual bids may change substantially over time.
Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): A Rapid and Sensitive Tool for Quality Assessment of Meat Products
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Bansal Sangita , Jaiswal Pranita
Published: October 2017

Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel method that amplifies target nucleic acids under isothermal conditions. It is a rapid, specific, and sensitive method, which does not require costly thermal cyclers for the detection of nucleic acids. Thus, it is suitable for on‐site detection assays under low‐resource settings. It can also be integrated on compact lab‐on‐a‐chip devices for the development of micro‐total analysis systems. This review discusses LAMP‐based methods, as well as LAMP‐based centrifugal, microfluidic, and other fluid‐handling devices, which have been developed for the assessment of meat quality parameters that are related to the presence or absence of nucleic acids, for example, animal species identification and microbiological quality. Advances in improving the rapidity, specificity, and sensitivity of LAMP techniques for the assessment of these meat quality parameters are also discussed in this review.
Use of Multi‐Intake Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) to Evaluate the Influence of Wine on Cheese Perception
Authors: Galmarini Mara V. , Loiseau Anne‐Laure , Debreyer Doëtte , Visalli Michel , Schlich Pascal
Published: October 2017

Even if wine and cheese have long been consumed together, there is little sensory evidence on how wine can influence the perception of cheese. In this work 4 cheeses were dynamically characterized in terms of dominant sensations without and with wine consumption in between intakes. The tasting protocol was based on multi‐intake temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) coupled with hedonic rating. Frequent wine and cheese consumers (n = 31) evaluated 4 cheeses (Epoisses, Chaource, and 2 different Comté) over 3 consecutive bites. In the following sessions they performed the same task, but taking sips of wine (rosé Riceys, white Burgundy, red Burgundy, and red Beaujolais) between bites. All cheese–wine combinations were tasted over 4 sessions. TDS data were analyzed in terms of attribute duration of dominance by ANOVA, MANOVA, and canonical variate analysis. Results showed that wine consumption had an impact (P < 0.1) on dominance duration of attributes of cheeses, particularly on salty and some aromatic notes. But, as opposed to a previous work done by the same team, wine had no impact on the preference of cheese; this stayed constant under all the evaluating conditions.

Practical Application

This paper aims to validate an innovative protocol on dynamic sensory data acquisition in which consumers evaluate the impact of a beverage (wine) on a solid food (cheese). This protocol is complementary to a previous one presented in this journal, where the effect of cheese was tested on wine. Together they make up an interesting approach towards developing a new tool for the food sector to better understand the impact of one food product on another. This could lead to a better description of a whole meal, something which is still missing in sensory science.
Human CD8+EMRA T cells display a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype regulated by p38 MAPK
Authors: Callender Lauren A. , Carroll Elizabeth C. , Beal Robert W. J. , Chambers Emma S. , Nourshargh Sussan , Akbar Arne N. , Henson Sian M.
Published: October 2017

Cellular senescence is accompanied by a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We show here that primary human senescent CD8+ T cells also display a SASP comprising chemokines, cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling proteases that are unique to this subset and contribute to age‐associated inflammation. We found the CD8+ CD45RA+CD27− EMRA subset to be the most heterogeneous, with a population aligning with the naïve T cells and another with a closer association to the effector memory subset. However, despite the differing processes that give rise to these senescent CD8+ T cells once generated, they both adopt a unique secretory profile with no commonality to any other subset, aligning more closely with senescence than quiescence. Furthermore, we also show that the SASP observed in senescent CD8+ T cells is governed by p38 MAPK signalling.
Overwintering survival of grapevine scale Parthenolecanium persicae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in the Canberra region of Australia
Authors: Hayes Angus , Neeman Teresa , Cooper Paul D
Published: October 2017

Scales of the genus Parthenolecanium have become pests in some grapevine growing regions of Australia but not in the wine region in and around Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Previous work suggests that population size of scales on certain cultivars varied, with one potential reason for observed differences being the number of scales surviving winter. Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776) overwinters as a third‐instar nymph under the bark of grapevines. We investigated whether differences in bark thickness and thermal insulation contributed to survivorship and the extent to which the scales could tolerate cold temperatures. The thickness of bark and the temperature difference across the bark varied among cultivars studied (Shiraz, Chardonnay, Tempranillo, Riesling, Viognier), but these parameters were not correlated among cultivars. Third‐instar scales could survive −15°C in dry conditions but froze and were killed when wet and temperatures were cooled to −10°C. Neither the differences in bark thickness nor scale cold tolerance could explain differences in infestations among cultivars observed previously. Grapevine scale outbreaks in various Australian grape‐growing regions may coincide with changes in climate as a result of increased winter survival.
Tethyan changes shaped aquatic diversification
Authors: Hou Zhonge , Li Shuqiang
Published: October 2017

The Tethys Ocean existed between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia from the Triassic to the Pliocene. Analyses of multiple biogeographic and phylogenetic histories reveal that the subsequent breakup of the Tethys greatly influenced the distributions of many species. The ancestral Tethyan realm broke into five biogeographic provinces, including the present‐day East Pacific, West Atlantic, East Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, and Indo‐West Pacific. Palaeogeographic maps illustrate the Mesozoic Atlantic opening, the Cenozoic closure of the Tethys, the Messinian Salinity Crisis, the mid‐Miocene closure of the Central American Seaway, and Quaternary geological changes. Further, we consider Cenozoic sea‐level changes and the formation of freshwater habitats. These reconstructions allow assessment of patterns of aquatic diversification for marine and freshwater animals, and comparison of vicariance and dispersal processes. Estimated divergence times indicate that fragmentation of the Tethys was responsible for the vicariant speciation of aquatic animals because these dates are consistent with associated tectonic events. The opening of the Atlantic Ocean during the Cretaceous is responsible for the earliest isolation between the West and East Atlantic. The mid‐Miocene closure of the Tethys, which blocked global equatorial currents, appears to have isolated the Atlantic/Mediterranean Sea and Indo‐West Pacific. Finally, formation of the Isthmus of Panama isolated East Pacific and West Atlantic marine organisms. Dispersals related to the Messinian Salinity Crisis and Quaternary sea‐level changes influenced population structuring. Tethyan changes affected marine habitats, created new freshwater habitats, inland caves and ancient lakes along the Alps and Himalayas, and influenced anchialine caves at the edge of the ancient sea. The extensive new habitats provided opportunities for colonisation and rapid diversification. Future work should focus on testing the biological impact of the series of Tethyan changes.
Dimensions of difficulty in children reported to have an autism spectrum diagnosis and features of extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance
Authors: O'Nions Elizabeth , Viding Essi , Floyd Caroline , Quinlan Emma , Pidgeon Connie , Gould Judith , Happé Francesca
Published: October 2017

Background

A subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) resemble descriptions of extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance, displaying obsessive avoidance of everyday demands and requests, strategic or ‘socially manipulative’ behaviour and sudden changes in mood. Investigating challenging presentations using dimensional description may prove preferable to identifying subgroups. However, there remains an imperative to explore which behavioural traits appear most problematic to inform quantitative investigation. This study provides an in‐depth exploration of parent perspectives on maladaptive behaviour in children reported to have an autism spectrum diagnosis and features of extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance.

Method

Parents completed a tailored semistructured interview about their child's behaviour, focusing on difficulties relevant to descriptions of extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance. The 26 interviews rated as scoring above threshold for ‘substantial’ features of extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance on relevant indicators were analysed qualitatively using a general inductive approach.

Results

New themes that emerged from these data included attempts by the child to control situations and others’ activities. Avoidance behaviours in this sample could be described as ‘strategic’ rather than ‘manipulative’. A range of factors, including a negative emotional response to demands, but also phobias, novelty, and uncertainty, were perceived to play a role in triggering extreme behaviour.

Conclusions

These descriptions highlight the importance of systematically measuring noncompliance, attempts to control situations and others' activities, and extreme mood variability in individuals with ASD. These dimensions represent important targets for intervention, given their considerable impact on daily life.
A Long‐Term Effect of Perceptual Individuation Training on Reducing Implicit Racial Bias in Preschool Children
Authors: Qian Miao K. , Quinn Paul C. , Heyman Gail D. , Pascalis Olivier , Fu Genyue , Lee Kang
Published: October 2017

This study tracked the long‐term effect of perceptual individuation training on reducing 5‐year‐old Chinese children's (N = 95, Mage = 5.64 years) implicit pro‐Asian/anti‐Black racial bias. Initial training to individuate other‐race Black faces, followed by supplementary training occurring 1 week later, resulted in a long‐term reduction of pro‐Asian/anti‐Black bias (70 days). In contrast, training Chinese children to recognize White or Asian faces had no effect on pro‐Asian/anti‐Black bias. Theoretically, the finding that individuation training can have a long‐term effect on reducing implicit racial bias in preschoolers suggests that a developmentally early causal linkage between perceptual and social processing of faces is not a transitory phenomenon. Practically, the data point to an effective intervention method for reducing implicit racism in young children.