bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACT UP for evaluating sources: Pushing against privilege
Authors: Stahura Dawn
Published: November 2018

Like most librarians, I teach one-shot instruction sessions for numerous departments across campus on myriad topics. Fortunately, most faculty give me the entire class period to go over research techniques and evaluating sources. Prior to 2017, my discussion around evaluating sources happened towards the end of the class period, after I had demoed a few databases and searched the library catalog. This worked until it didn’t anymore. After the 2017 presidential inauguration, faculty and students returned to a more complex classroom climate, accentuated by tension, fear, and sadness.
Exploring Cleveland: Arts, culture, sports, and parks
Authors: Ponikvar Laura M. , Clemente Mark L.
Published: November 2018

We’re all very excited to have you join us April 10–13, 2019, in Cleveland for the ACRL 2019 conference. Cleveland’s vibrant arts, cultural, sports, and recreational scenes, anchored by world-class art museums, performing arts institutions, music venues, professional sports teams, historic landmarks, and a tapestry of city and national parks, offer immense opportunities to anyone wanting to explore the rich offerings of this diverse midwestern city.
C&RL Spotlight
Authors: Kaspar Wendi
Published: November 2018

Periodically, we may get so wrapped up in our hectic lives and the myriad of little details that we lose sight of the meaning behind our work. It is easy to lose sight of it in all the myriad of commitments and activities—reference consultations, classes to teach, resources to buy, committee meetings to go to, books to read (and write), papers to review, and on and on.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Baker Gavin
Published: November 2018

As the 115th Congress draws to a close, last chance to advocate for librariesAfter the federal elections on November 6 (remember to vote!), the 115th Congress will be in its final weeks before the new Congress takes office in January. This “lame-duck” session is the last chance for Congress to act on bills before they expire, making it a critical time for library advocates to contact their members of Congress about our active priorities.
Grants and Acquisitions
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: November 2018

LYRASISThe UCLA LibraryThe Stanford Libraries
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: November 2018

Adolescent media useStudents’ computer access and useOnline news traffic referralsDigital technology use
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Level of Acculturation among Low-Income Pregnant Latinas
Authors: Efrat Merav W.
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether less acculturated, compared to more acculturated, low-income pregnant Latinas, report higher levels of breastfeeding self-efficacy. Data on level of acculturation and breastfeeding self-efficacy were collected from 253 pregnant low-income Latinas.
Methods: This study was cross-sectional.
Results: This study found that less acculturated, compared to more acculturated, low-income pregnant Latinas had significantly higher breastfeeding self-efficacy.
Conclusions: Evidence suggests that breastfeeding self-efficacy is one of the strongest modifiable factors linked to high breastfeeding rates. Moreover, prenatal interventions designed to increase breastfeeding self-efficacy have effectively done so. Taken together it appears that one strategy practitioners and researcher may consider to increase breastfeeding rates among more acculturated low-income Latinas is to design a culturally appropriate prenatal breastfeeding intervention aimed at improving breastfeeding self-efficacy.
The Effect of Different Weight Status on Social-Emotional Skills of Adolescents
Authors: Aydos Sebahat , Akyol Aysel Köksal
Published: November 2018

Obesity, which can occur due to numerous causes especially from genetics to nutrition disorders, is a major problem not only for adults but also for children. Childhood obesity causes acute and chronic physical problems in children, but physical effects of obesity, as well as psycho-social effects on children, is a substantial issue. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of different weight status on social-emotional skills of adolescents. The research group comprised 189 female and 194 male of 383 total children who were still on the 6th, 7th and 8th grades at the schools. The General Information Form prepared by the researchers and the "Social Emotional Learning Skills Scale" developed by Kabakçı and Korkut Owen were utilized as data collection tools. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests were performed for the analysis of the data. As a result of the study conducted, it is observed that social-emotional learning skills of adolescents aged 12-14 years are significantly different according to their weight status and gender. It has been found that the communication and social-emotional skills of overweight adolescents are significantly lower than normal adolescents and that obese adolescents have significantly lower communication, problem-solving, coping with stress, self-worth increasing and social-emotional learning skills than thin, normal and overweight adolescents. It is observed that male adolescents have significantly lower communication, problem-solving, stress coping and social-emotional learning skills than female adolescents.
Effect of Nutritional Status and Associated Factors on Pneumonia Treatment Outcome among Under-Five Children at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailemariam Bizuhareg Teka , Legesse Tesfaye Girma , Alemu Kassahun
Published: November 2018

Acute respiratory infection is still a major health problem among under-five children specifically in Ethiopia, where 38% of them are reported as living in the status of under-nutrition. However, there are studies limitation regarding the relationship of nutritional status of under-five children and outcome of pneumonia treatment. Institutional based cross-sectional study design had been employed to see the Effect of nutritional status and associated factors on pneumonia treatment outcome among under-five children in 2015. Data was collected using interview administered structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurement.
The study revealed that high probability of poor pneumonia treatment outcome 26(40%) among exposed groups. Those children to house wife mothers 11(16.92%), smoker family member 6(9.23%), non-fully immunized 9(13.85%), less than 500birr spent for a child 26(40%) are observed to be with poor pneumonia treatment outcome. The risk of poor pneumonia treatment outcome was 4 times and 5 times more like among children who lives with smoker family member and exposed groups respectively. But it was 0.075 and 0.05 times less like among Children from urban and whom their monthly budget is 1000 birr or more respectively.
Child nutritional status has significant effect on pneumonia treatment outcome among under-five children. Undernourishment, smoker family member, rural residency, monthly budget are among factors impact pneumonia treatment outcome. Nutritional education, Mother education, Employing mothers, Budgeting more than 500 birr per child per month, alleviate smoking among the family member, Limiting family members number per house hold, All children should feed colostrums and Full immunization should be done
Communication About Harm Reduction With Patients Who Have Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Hawk Mary , Jawa Raagini , Kay Emma Sophia
Published: November 2024

This JAMA Insights explores how clinicians can use the harm reduction communication framework to engage with patients who have opioid use disorder, which could help prevent overdose and other substance use–related harms.
Oral Muvalaplin for Lowering of Lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Nicholls Stephen J. , Ni Wei , Rhodes Grace M. , Nissen Steven E. , Navar Ann Marie , Michael Laura F. , Haupt Axel , Krege John H.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Muvalaplin inhibits lipoprotein(a) formation. A 14-day phase 1 study demonstrated that muvalaplin was well tolerated and reduced lipoprotein(a) levels up to 65%. The effect of longer administration of muvalaplin on lipoprotein(a) levels in individuals at high cardiovascular risk remains uncertain.

Objectives

To determine the effect of muvalaplin on lipoprotein(a) levels and to assess safety and tolerability.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Phase 2, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial enrolling 233 participants with lipoprotein(a) concentrations of 175 nmol/L or greater with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or familial hypercholesterolemia at 43 sites in Asia, Europe, Australia, Brazil, and the United States between December 10, 2022, and November 22, 2023.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to receive orally administered muvalaplin at dosages of 10 mg/d (n = 34), 60 mg/d (n = 64), or 240 mg/d (n = 68) or placebo (n = 67) for 12 weeks.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was the placebo-adjusted percentage change from baseline in lipoprotein(a) molar concentration at week 12, using an assay to measure intact lipoprotein(a) and a traditional apolipoprotein(a)-based assay. Secondary end points included the percentage change in apolipoprotein B and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Results

The median age of study participants was 66 years; 33% were female; and 27% identified as Asian, 4% as Black, and 66% as White. Muvalaplin resulted in placebo-adjusted reductions in lipoprotein(a) of 47.6% (95% CI, 35.1%-57.7%), 81.7% (95% CI, 78.1%-84.6%), and 85.8% (95% CI, 83.1%-88.0%) for the 10-mg/d, 60-mg/d, and 240-mg/d dosages, respectively, using an intact lipoprotein(a) assay and 40.4% (95% CI, 28.3%-50.5%), 70.0% (95% CI, 65.0%-74.2%), and 68.9% (95% CI, 63.8%-73.3%) using an apolipoprotein(a)-based assay. Dose-dependent reductions in apolipoprotein B were observed at 8.9% (95% CI, −2.2% to 18.8%), 13.1% (95% CI, 4.4%-20.9%), and 16.1% (95% CI, 7.8%-23.7%) at 10 mg/d, 60 mg/d, and 240 mg/d, respectively. No change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was observed. No safety or tolerability concerns were observed at any dosage.

Conclusions and Relevance

Muvalaplin reduced lipoprotein(a) measured using intact lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a)-based assays and was well tolerated. The effect of muvalaplin on cardiovascular events requires further investigation.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05563246
Trends in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mortality Rates in the US and Projections Through 2040
Authors: Qiu Sikai , Cai Jiangying , Yang Zhanpeng , He Xinyuan , Xing Zixuan , Zu Jian , Xie Enrui , Henry Linda , Chong Custis R. , John Esther M. , Cheung Ramsey , Ji Fanpu , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: November 2024

Importance

The burden of liver cancer varies worldwide. An upward trend in both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence and mortality in the past 2 decades has been observed.

Objective

To assess observed HCC-related age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) in the US for 2006 to 2022 and provide ASMR projections through 2040.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used data from the National Vital Statistics System, which is accessible through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research website. Data on deaths attributed to HCC (from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2022) were obtained for adults 25 years or older and were stratified by liver disease etiology, age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Etiologies included alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were (1) observed ASMRs of HCC per 100 000 persons using Joinpoint regression (National Cancer Institute) to assess trends during 2006 to 2022 and (2) ASMRs projected for 2023 to 2040 using Prophet and AutoARIMA modeling.

Results

This study included 188 280 HCC-related deaths from 2006 to 2022. Most deaths occurred among males (77.4%). The annual percentage change was 4.1% (95% CI, 2.2% to 7.7%) for 2006 to 2009 and decreased to 1.8% (95% CI, 0.7% to 2.0%) for 2009 to 2022, with an overall observed ASMR of 5.03 per 100 000 persons in 2022 and a projected ASMR of 6.39 per 100 000 persons by 2040, with consistent trends for both sexes. By etiology, ASMRs decreased for HCV- and HBV-related mortality but increased for ALD- and MASLD-related mortality. In 2022, MASLD surpassed HBV as the third-leading cause of HCC-related death and was projected to overtake HCV in 2032 as the second-leading cause; ALD was projected to be the leading cause of HCC-related death in 2026. In 2022, the ASMR was higher among individuals aged 65 years or older compared with those aged 25 to 64 years (18.37 vs 1.79 per 100 000 persons). The American Indian or Alaska Native population had the largest increase in projected ASMR by 2040 (14.71 per 100 000 persons) compared with the Asian population (3.03 per 100 000 persons).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, ASMRs for ALD- and MASLD-related HCC death increased rapidly from 2006 to 2022; ALD-related HCC was projected to be the leading cause by 2026, with MASLD as the second-leading cause by 2032. These findings may serve as a reference for public health decision-making and timely identification of groups at high risk of HCC death.
Trends in Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Representation Among US Neurology Faculty
Authors: Tsai Chia-Chen , Hu Chen , Ding Jeffrey , Bui Esther , Pikula Aleksandra , Field Thalia S. , Tiwana Sabeen , Siddiqi Javed , Khosa Faisal
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study assesses changes in gender, racial, and ethnic representation among US neurology faculty from 1972 to 2021.
Clinical Presentation, Investigation Findings, and Outcomes of IgG4-Related Pachymeningitis
Authors: Terrim Sara , Mahler João Vitor , Filho Flávio Vieira Marques , Lucato Leandro Tavares , Giardini Henrique Mayrink , Adoni Tarso , Silva Guilherme Diogo
Published: November 2024

Importance

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)–related disease is an increasingly recognized fibroinflammatory condition that can involve multiple organs, including the pachymeninges. The understanding of IgG4-related pachymeningitis (IgG4-RP) remains limited because of its rarity and the predominance of knowledge derived from case reports and case series.

Objective

To systematically review and synthesize the clinical presentation, investigation findings, and prognosis of IgG4-RP to better understand its diagnosis and management.

Evidence Review

A comprehensive systematic review was conducted following guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were searched from their inception until May 30, 2023, using terms related to IgG4-related disease and pachymeningitis without language or publication restrictions. Case reports and series that met the 2020 Revised Comprehensive Diagnostic Criteria or the 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria were included. Data on clinical presentations, investigation findings, and treatment outcomes were extracted and summarized.

Findings

A total of 148 case reports contributed data from 208 patients. Their median (IQR) age was 52 (39-62) years; 132 patients were male (63.5%) and 76 female (36.5%). Headache and cranial nerve dysfunctions were the most common neurological manifestations. Systemic involvement was identified in nearly half of the patients. Diagnostic imaging often showed preferential involvement of cavernous sinus and middle fossa. Laboratory results highlighted elevated serum IgG4 levels in 97 of 147 patients (65%) of patients and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in 43 of 82 patients (52%). Storiform fibrosis or obliterating phlebitis were uncommon pathological findings. Mortality was below 1% (1/134; 0.7%), but only a third of patients presented complete clinical improvement, and the recurrence rate was 60 patients (40%) in a median (IQR) follow-up time of 9 (1-20) months. Glucocorticoids were the most commonly prescribed treatment, in 143 of 169 patients (85%); rituximab was prescribed as maintenance therapy in 53 of 169 patients (31%).

Conclusions and Relevance

IgG4-RP commonly presents with headaches and cranial nerve dysfunction, posing diagnostic challenges due to the significant absence of systemic manifestations, low IgG4 serum levels, and atypical pathological findings. Current treatment outcomes are limited by incomplete recovery and frequent relapses underscoring the necessity for new treatment strategies.
Adaptive Random Weighted H∞ Estimation for System Noise Statistics
Authors: Gao Zhaohui , Zhong Yongmin , Zong Hua , Gao Guangle
Published: November 2024

The Kalman filter is an important technique for system state estimation. It requires the exact knowledge of system noise statistics to achieve optimal state estimation. However, in practice, this knowledge is often unknown or inaccurate due to uncertainties and disturbances involved in the dynamic environment, leading to degraded or even divergent Kalman filtering solutions. This paper proposes a novel method of H∞ filtering‐based on adaptive random weighted estimation to address this issue. It combines the H∞ filter with random weighted concept to estimate system noise statistics. Random weighting theories are established based on the state estimate and state error covariance of the H∞ filter to estimate both process noise statistics and measurement noise statistics. Subsequently, the estimated system noise statistics are fed back into the Kalman filtering process for system state estimation. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively estimate system noise statistics, leading to improved accuracy for system state estimation.
Unlocking the Origin of High‐Temperature Superconductivity in Molecular Hydrides at Moderate Pressures
Authors: Zhao Wendi , Ellis Austin , Duan Defang , Wang Hongwei , Jiang Qiwen , Du Mingyang , Cui Tian , Miao Maosheng
Published: November 2024

The current pressing challenge in the field of superconducting hydride research is to lower the stable pressure of such materials for practical applications. Molecular hydrides are usually stable under moderate pressure, but the underlying metallization mechanism remains elusive. Here, the important role of chemical interactions in governing the structures and properties of molecular hydrides is demonstrated. A new mechanism is proposed for obtaining high‐temperature and even room‐temperature superconductivity in molecular hydrides and report that the ternary hydride NaKH12 hosts Tc values up to 245 K at moderate pressure of 60 GPa. Both the excellent stability and superconductivity of NaKH12 originate from the fact that the localized electrons in the interstitial region of the metal lattice occupying the crystal orbitals well matched with the hydrogen lattice and forming chemical templates to assist the assembly of H2 units. These localized electrons weaken the H─H covalent bonds and improve the charge connectivity between the H2 units, ensuring the strong coupling between electrons and hydrogen‐dominated optical phonons. The theory provides a key perspective for understanding the superconductivity of molecular hydrides with various structural motifs, opening the door to obtaining high‐temperature superconductors from molecular hydrides at moderate pressures.
Cartilage Endplate‐Targeted Engineered Exosome Releasing and Acid Neutralizing Hydrogel Reverses Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Zhan Jiawen , Cui Yongzhi , Zhang Ping , Du Yuxuan , Hecker Prisca , Zhou Shuaiqi , Liang Yupeng , Zhang Weiye , Jin Zhefeng , Wang Yuan , Gao Weihang , Moroz Oleksandr , Zhu Liguo , Zhang Xiaoguang , Zhao Ke
Published: November 2024

Cartilage endplate cell (CEPC) and nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) inflammation are critical factors that contribute to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Recent evidence indicated that iron ion influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the cGAS‐STING pathway are involved in CEPC inflammatory degeneration. Moreover, cytokines produced by degenerating CEPCs and lactic acid accumulation within the microenvironment significantly contribute to NPC inflammation. Consequently, simultaneous alleviation of CEPC inflammation and correction of the acidic microenvironment are anticipated to reverse IVDD. Herein, CEPC‐targeted engineered exosomes loaded with salvianolic acid A are incorporated into a CaCO3/chitosan hydrogel, forming a composite gel, CAP‐sEXOs@Gel. Notably, CAP‐sEXOs@Gel shows long local retention, realizes the slow release of CAP‐sEXOs and specific uptake by CEPCs. After uptake by CEPCs, CAP‐sEXOs reduce intracellular iron ion and ROS by inhibiting hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2α (HIF‐2α)/TfR1 expression. Iron ion influx and ROS inhibition contribute to the maintenance of normal mitochondrial function and reduced mtDNA leakage, suppresing the cGAS‐STING pathway. Additionally, the CaCO3 component of CAP‐sEXOs@Gel neutralizes H+, thereby alleviating NPC inflammation. Collectively, this novel composite hydrogel demonstrates the ability to concurrently inhibit CEPC and NPC inflammation, thereby presenting a promising therapeutic approach for IVDD.
Materials Design by Constructing Phase Diagrams for Defects
Authors: Zhou Xuyang , Mathews Prince , Berkels Benjamin , Delis Wassilios , Saood Saba , Shamseldeen Ali Alhassan Amel , Keuter Philipp , Schneider Jochen M. , Korte‐Kerzel Sandra , Sandlöbes‐Haut Stefanie , Raabe Dierk , Neugebauer Jörg , Dehm Gerhard , Hickel Tilmann , Scheu Christina , Zhang Siyuan
Published: November 2024

Phase transformations and crystallographic defects are two essential tools to drive innovations in materials. Bulk materials design via tuning chemical compositions is systematized using phase diagrams. It is shown here that the same thermodynamic concept can be applied to manipulate the chemistry at defects. Grain boundaries in Mg–Ga system are chosen as a model system, because Ga segregates to the boundaries, while simultaneously improving the strength and ductility of Mg alloys. To reveal the role of grain boundaries, correlated atomic‐scale characterization and simulation to scope and build phase diagrams for defects are presented. The discovery is enabled by triggering phase transformations of individual grain boundaries through local alloying, and sequentially imaging the structural and chemical changes using atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Ab initio simulations determined the thermodynamic stability of grain boundary phases, and found out that increasing Ga content enhances grain boundary cohesion, relating to improved ductility. The methodology to trigger, trace, and simulate defect transformation at atomic resolution enables a systematic development of defect phase diagrams, providing a valuable tool to utilize chemical complexity and phase transformations at defects.
Universal Approach for Managing Iodine Migration in Inverted Single‐Junction and Tandem Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Song Zhenhua , Sun Kexuan , Meng Yuanyuan , Zhu Zewei , Wang Yaohua , Zhang Weifu , Bai Yang , Lu Xiaoyi , Tian Ruijia , Liu Chang , Ge Ziyi
Published: November 2024

Despite significant progress in the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the instability of devices remains a considerable obstacle for commercial applications. This instability primarily originates from the migration of halide ions—particularly iodide ions (I−). Under light exposure and thermal stress, I− migrates and transforms into I2, leading to irreversible degradation and performance loss. To address this issue, we introduced the additive 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole,5,6‐difluoro‐4,7‐bis(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl) (BT2F‐2B) into the perovskite. The strong coordination between the unhybridized p orbital and lone‐pair electrons from I− inhibits the deprotonation of MAI/FAI and the subsequent conversion of I− to I₂. The highly electronegative fluorine enhances its electrostatic interaction with I−. Consequently, the synergistic effect of BT2F‐2B effectively suppresses the decomposition of perovskite and the defect density of the iodide vacancies. This approach delivers a PCE over 26% for inverted single‐junction PSCs, with exceptional operational stability. According to the ISOS‐L‐3 testing protocol (maximum power point tracking at 85 °C and 50% relative humidity), treated PSCs retain 85% of their original PCE after 1000 h of aging. When the BT2F‐2B is applied to a wide‐bandgap (1.77 eV) perovskite system, the PCE of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells reaches 27.8%, confirming the universality of the proposed strategy.
Design Principles for Enhancing Both Carrier Mobility and Stretchability in Polymer Semiconductors via Lewis Acid Doping
Authors: Weng Yu‐Ching , Kang Chung‐Chieh , Chang Ting‐Wei , Tsai Yi‐Ting , Khan Shahid , Hung Tzu‐Ming , Shih Chien‐Chung
Published: November 2024

With the rise of skin‐like electronics, devices are increasingly coming into close contact with the human body, creating a demand for polymer semiconductors (PSCs) that combine stretchability with reliable electrical performance. However, balancing mechanical robustness with high carrier mobility remains a challenge. To address this, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) for Lewis acid doping is proposed to improve charge mobility while enhancing stretchability by increasing structural disorder. Through systematic investigation, several key structural principles have been identified to maximize the effectiveness of BCF doping in stretchable PSCs. Notably, increasing the lamellar stacking distance and reducing crystallinity facilitate the incorporation of BCF into the alkyl side‐chain regions, thereby enhancing both mobility and stretchability. Conversely, stronger Lewis base groups in the main chain negatively impact these improvements. These results demonstrate that with a small addition of BCF, a two‐fold increase in carrier mobility is achieved while simultaneously enhancing the crack onset strain to 100%. Furthermore, doped PSCs exhibit stable mobility retention under repeated 30% strains over 1000 cycles. This method of decoupling carrier mobility from mechanical properties opens up new avenues in the search for high‐mobility stretchable PSCs.
Effective Dual Cation Release in Quasi‐2D Perovskites for Ultrafast UV Light‐Powered Imaging
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Li Ziqing , Hong Enliu , Yan Tingting , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: November 2024

Ruddlesden‐Popper quasi‐2D perovskites represent robust candidates for optoelectronic applications, achieving a delicate balance between outstanding photoresponse and stability. However, mitigating the internal defects in polycrystalline films remains challenging, and their optoelectronic performances still lag behind that of their 3D counterparts. This work highlights the profound impact of defect passivation at the buried interface and grain boundaries through a dual‐cation‐release strategy. Cations released from the pre‐deposited inorganic iodide buffer layer effectively repair deep‐level defects by inducing low‐dimensional phase reconstruction and interacting with undercoordinated ions. The resulting quasi‐2D perovskite polycrystalline films feature large grain size (>2 µm) and minimum surface roughness, along with alleviated out‐of‐plane residual tensile strain, which is beneficial for inhibiting the initiation and propagation of cracks. The fabricated photodetector demonstrates drastically improved self‐powered photoresponse capability, with maximum responsivity up to 0.41 A W−1 at 430 nm and an ultrafast response speed of 161 ns / 1.91 µs. Moreover, this strategy is compatible with the photolithography‐assisted hydrophobic‐hydrophilic patterning process for fabricating pixelated photodetector arrays, which enables high‐sensitivity imaging. This study presents a feasible defect passivation approach in quasi‐2D perovskites, thereby providing insights into the fabrication of high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Synergistic Modulation of Orientation and Steric Hindrance Induced by Alkyl Chain Length in Ammonium Salt Passivator Toward High‐performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Gao Wenhuan , Ding Jike , Ma Quanxing , Zhang Hong , Zhang Jiajia , Zhang Zuolin , Li Mengjia , Wang Yang , Zhang Boxue , Pauporté Thierry , Tang Jian‐Xin , Chen Jiangzhao , Chen Cong
Published: November 2024

Organic ammonium salts are extensively utilized for passivating surface defects in perovskite films to mitigate trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination. However, the influence of alkyl chain length on the molecular orientation and spatial steric hindrance of ammonium salt remains underexplored, hindering advancements in more effective passivators. Here, a series of organic ammonium salts is reported with varying alkyl chain lengths to passivate surface defects and optimize band alignment. It is revealed that long alkyl chains promote parallel molecular orientation on the perovskite surface, thereby reinforcing interaction with surface defects, whereas excessive chain length introduces steric hindrance, weakening anion‐perovskite interactions. Nonylammonium acetate (NAAc) with optimal chain length achieves the ideal balance between chemical interactions, resulting in superior passivation. Through NAAc passivation, high‐performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules are achieved, with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 25.79% (certified 25.12%) and 19.62%, respectively. This marks a record PCE for inverted PSCs utilizing vacuum flash technology in ambient conditions. Additionally, the NAAc‐passivated devices retain 91% of their initial PCE after 1200 h of continuous maximum power point operation. This work offers new insights into the interplay between molecular orientation and steric hindrance, advancing the design of high‐performance PSCs.
High Reverse Intersystem Crossing Rate Diminishes the Impact of Conformational Disorder Phenomenon in Solid‐State TADF
Authors: Serevičius Tomas , Skaisgiris Rokas , Tumkevičius Sigitas , Dodonova‐Vaitkūnienė Jelena , Juršėnas Saulius
Published: November 2024

Embedding donor–acceptor type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules in a rigid surrounding lead to structural inhomogeneity, and deteriorating emission decay rates. Designing TADF structures with hampered rotational flexibility between donor and acceptor structural units is shown to lower the conformational disorder. However, in this work, it is shown that it is not always enough. In fact, the negative impact of conformational inhomogeneity may be reduced by lowering the singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and boosting the reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) rate while preserving the same donor‐acceptor orientation. In such cases the lower ΔEST enables the early triplet upconversion even from the conformers with unfavorably low D‐A twist angles, which is not observed in compounds with larger ΔEST. In this way, the temporal shifts of prompt and delayed fluorescence are evidently reduced. When the reverse intersystem crossing is inactive at low temperatures, nearly the same fluorescence peak shifts are observed, as expected for compounds with similar molecular geometry. In this way, low ΔEST and rapid rISC are shown to be of fundamental importance not only for TADF efficiency but also for the temporal dynamics in the solid‐state.
WAC Facilitates Mitophagy‐mediated MSC Osteogenesis and New Bone Formation via Protecting PINK1 from Ubiquitination‐Dependent Degradation
Authors: Fan Shuai , Li Jinteng , Zheng Guan , Ma Ziyue , Peng Xiaoshuai , Xie Zhongyu , Liu Wenjie , Yu Wenhui , Lin Jiajie , Su Zepeng , Xu Peitao , Wang Peng , Wu Yanfeng , Shen Huiyong , Ye Guiwen
Published: November 2024

Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and treatment of bone‐related conditions such as osteoporosis and bone regeneration. While the WW domain‐containing coiled‐coil adaptor (WAC) protein is primarily associated with transcriptional regulation and autophagy, its involvement in MSC osteogenesis remains unclear. Here, the data reveal that the levels of WAC are diminished in both osteoporosis patients and osteoporosis mouse models. It plays a pivotal function in facilitating MSC osteogenesis and enhancing new bone formation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, WAC promotes MSC osteogenesis by protecting PINK1, a crucial initiator of mitophagy, from ubiquitination‐dependent degradation thereby activating mitophagy. Interestingly, WAC interacts with the TM domains of PINK1 and prevents the K137 site from ubiquitination modification. The study elucidates the mechanism by which WAC modulates MSC osteogenesis, binds to PINK1 to protect it from ubiquitination, and identifies potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis and bone defect repair.
Ultra‐Long‐Term Anti‐Inflammatory Polyphenol Capsule to Remodel the Microenvironment for Accelerating Osteoarthritis Healing by Single Dosage
Authors: Wei Shaoyin , Shou Zeyu , Yang Dong , Sun Linxiao , Guo Yan , Wang Yang , Zan Xingjie , Li Lianxin , Zhang Chunwu
Published: November 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic inflammatory disease that leads to disability and death. Existing therapeutic agents often require frequent use, which can lead to drug resistance and long‐term side effects. Polyphenols have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant potential. However, they are limited by their short half‐life and low bioavailability. This work presents a novel pure polyphenol capsule for sustained release of polyphenols, which is self‐assembled via hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds. The capsule enhances cellular uptake, scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, reduces inflammatory markers, and remodels the OA microenvironment by inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway. The capsule overcomes the limitations of short half‐life and low bioavailability of polyphenols and achieves single‐dose cure in mouse and dog OA models, providing an optimal therapeutic window for OA repair. Taking advantage of simple manufacturing, convenient administration, and pure polyphenol composition, these capsules show great potential for clinical treatment of osteoarthritis and chronic inflammatory diseases.
High‐Performance MXene Hydrogel for Self‐Propelled Marangoni Swimmers and Water‐Enabled Electricity Generator
Authors: Zhou Jiayi , Zhang Yan , Zhang Ming , Yang Dongye , Huang Wenwei , Zheng Ao , Cao Lingyan
Published: November 2024

Developing multifunctional materials that integrate self‐propulsion and self‐power generation is a significant challenge. This study introduces a high‐performance MXene‐chitosan composite hydrogel (CM) that successfully combines these functionalities. Utilizing Schiff base bond and hydrogen bond interactions, the CM hydrogel, composed of chitosan, vanillin, and MXene, achieves exceptional self‐propulsion on water driven by Marangoni forces. The hydrogel demonstrates rapid movement, extended operation, and controllable trajectories. Notably, the CM hydrogel also exhibits superior degradability, recyclability, and repeatability. Furthermore, the nano‐confined channels within the hydrogel play a crucial role in enhancing its water‐enabled electricity generation (WEG) performance. By efficiently adsorbing water molecules and selectively transporting cations through these channels, the hydrogel can generate electricity from water molecules and cations more efficiently. As a result, the CM‐WEG achieves a stable open‐circuit voltage of up to 0.83 V and a short‐circuit current of 0.107 mA on seawater, with further improvements in K2CO3‐containing water, reaching 1.26 V and 0.922 mA. Leveraging its unique combination of self‐propulsion and WEG functionalities, the CM hydrogel is successfully used for cargo delivery while simultaneously powering electronic devices. This research represents a significant step toward the development of self‐powered, autonomous soft robotics, opening new research directions in the field.
Biomimetic Targeted Co‐Delivery System Engineered from Genomic Insights for Precision Treatment of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Luo Tianqi , Fan Zhijin , Zeng Anyu , Wang Anqi , Pan Yuanwei , Xu Yanyang , Chen Hongmin , Chen Weiqing , Nie Dingmeng , Lin Jiaming , Huang Anfei , Gong Ming , Huang Yufeng , Ding Yun , Zhu Xiaojun , Rao Lang , Wang Jin
Published: November 2024

The high heterogeneity and severe side effects of chemotherapy are major factors contributing to the failure of osteosarcoma treatment. Herein, a comprehensive genomic analysis is conducted, and identified two prominent characteristics of osteosarcoma: significant cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 (CDK4) amplification and homologous recombination repair deficiency. Based on these findings, a co‐delivery system loaded with CDK4/6 inhibitors and poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors is designed. By employing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as carriers, issue of drug insolubility is effectively addressed, while also enabling controlled release in response to the tumor microenvironment. To enhance targeting capability and biocompatibility, the MOFs are further coated with a bio‐membrane targeting B7H3. This targeted biomimetic co‐delivery system possesses several key features: 1) it can precisely target osteosarcoma with high B7H3 expression; 2) the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and PARP inhibitors exhibits synergistic effects, significantly impairing tumor's DNA repair capacity; and 3) the system has the potential for combination with photodynamic therapy, amplifying DNA repair defects to maximize tumor cell eradication. Furthermore, it is observed that this co‐delivery system can activate immune microenvironment, increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration and converting osteosarcoma from an immune‐cold to an immune‐hot tumor. In summary, the co‐delivery system is an effective therapeutic strategy and holds promise as a novel approach for osteosarcoma treatment.
Preparation of Multifunctional Nano‐Protectants for High‐Efficiency Green Control of Anthracnose
Authors: Yin Jiaming , Zhao Jiajia , Wang Zeng , Fang Zhen , Guo Huiming , Cheng Hongmei , Li Jie , Shen Jie , Yin Meizhen , Su Xiaofeng , Yan Shuo
Published: November 2024

Nanomaterials cannot only act as active ingredients (AIs), but also adjuvants to encapsulate or attach AIs to improve their fungicidal activity. Herein, a hydrophilic and lipophilic diblock polymer (HLDP) is designed and synthesized to prepare a series of HLDP nano‐protectants to explore the best HLDP nano‐protectant for anthracnose management. These results demonstrate that the HLDP‐CS nano‐protectant displays the best control effects on mango anthracnose via the direct pathogen inhibition and amplified plant immune responses. The HLDP can be spontaneously conjugated with CS into nanoscale spherical particles through hydrophobic interaction. The complexation of CS with HLDP remarkably improves the deposition and adhesion of CS droplets on mango leaves. The HLDP can interact with mycelium via electrostatic interaction to damage the cell wall/membrane, which can act as an AI to directly suppress the spore germination and mycelial growth. Meanwhile, HLDP can be applied as an adjuvant for CS to amplify the plant immune responses via accelerating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and plant hormones. This work reports the multiple missions for nanomaterials in pathogen control, which proposes a novel strategy for designing nano‐protectant with dual‐synergistic mechanism.
3D Crystal Construction by Single‐Crystal 2D Material Supercell Multiplying
Authors: Li Wenhao , Shen Jichuang , Ma Yaqing , Xu Xiang , Chen Han , Yu Lida , Ji Chen , He Menglin , Ma Kezhao , Duo Yiwei , Wang Li , Wei Tongbo , Shi Liping , Wu Muhong , Liu Kaihui , Zhu Huaze , Kong Wei
Published: November 2024

2D stacking presents a promising avenue for creating periodic superstructures that unveil novel physical phenomena. While extensive research has focused on lateral 2D material superstructures formed through composition modulation and twisted moiré structures, the exploration of vertical periodicity in 2D material superstructures remains limited. Although weak van der Waals interfaces enable layer‐by‐layer vertical stacking, traditional methods struggle to control in‐plane crystal orientation over large areas, and the vertical dimension is constrained by unscalable, low‐throughput processes, preventing the achievement of global order structures. In this study, a supercell multiplying approach is introduced that enables high‐throughput construction of 3D superstructures on a macroscopic scale, utilizing artificially stacked single‐crystalline 2D multilayers as foundational repeating units. By employing wafer‐scale single‐crystalline 2D materials and referencing the crystal orientation of substrates, the method ensures precise alignment of crystal orientation within and across each supercell, thereby achieving controllable periodicity along all three axes. A centimeter‐scale 3R‐MoS₂ crystal is successfully constructed, comprising over 200 monolayers of single‐crystalline MoS₂, through a bottom‐up stacking process. Additionally, the approach accommodates the integration of amorphous oxide, enabling the assembly of 3D non‐linear optical crystals with quasi‐phase matching. This method paves the way for the bottom‐up construction of macroscopic artificial 3D crystals with atomic plane precision, enabling tailored optical, electrical, and thermal properties and advancing the development of novel artificial materials and high‐performance applications.
Microglial Lyzl4 Facilitates β‐Amyloid Clearance in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Pan Jie , Zhong Jie , Geng Ji , Oberhauser Jane , Shi Shihua , Wan Jun
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation and deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ) aggregates in the brain. Despite a wealth of research on the toxicity of Aβ and its role in synaptic damage, the mechanisms facilitating Aβ clearance are not yet fully understood. However, microglia, the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, are known to maintain homeostasis through the phagocytic clearance of protein aggregates and cellular debris. In this study, RNA sequencing analysis and live cell functional screens are employed to uncover microglial genetic modifiers related to AD. Lyzl4 is identified, which encodes a c‐type lysozyme‐like enzyme primarily localized to microglial lysosomes, as a gene significantly upregulated in AD microglia with aging and propose that Lyzl4 upregulation acts as a positive regulator of Aβ clearance. Furthermore, it is found that Lyzl4 overexpression boosts Aβ clearance both in vitro and in vivo, underscoring its potential for mitigating Aβ burden. These novel insights position Lyzl4 as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease, paving the way for further exploration into potential AD treatments.
Ultrafast Sintering of Dense Li7La3Zr2O12 Membranes for Li Metal All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Okur Faruk , Zhang Huanyu , Baumgärtner Julian F. , Sivavec Jaka , Klimpel Matthias , Wasser Gregor Paul , Dubey Romain , Jeurgens Lars P.H. , Chernyshov Dmitry , van Beek Wouter , Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Kovalenko Maksym V.
Published: November 2024

Ultrafast sintering (UFS) is a compelling approach for fabricating Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), paving the way for advancing and commercializing Li‐garnet solid‐state batteries. Although this method is commonly applied to the sintering of LLZO ceramics, its use for producing dense, phase‐pure LLZO SSEs has thus far been primarily limited to millimeter‐thick pellets, which are unsuitable for commercial solid‐state batteries. This study presents ultrafast sintering as a highly effective approach for fabricating self‐standing, dense, 45 µm‐thick LLZO membranes. The chemical and structural evolution of LLZO membranes during the UFS process is characterized through in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis‐mass spectrometry, complemented by an in‐depth investigation of surface chemistry using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The membranes in Li/LLZO/Li symmetrical cell configuration exhibit a high critical current density of up to 12.5 mA cm−2 and maintain superior cycling stability for 250 cycles at a current density of 1 mA cm−2, with an areal capacity limit of 1 mAh cm−2. The electrochemical performance of LLZO membranes is also assessed in full cell configuration using a pyrochlore‐type iron (III) hydroxy fluoride cathode.
Comprehensive Modular Synthesis of Ganglioside Glycans and Evaluation of their Binding Affinities to Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9
Authors: Adak Avijit K. , Tseng Hsin‐Kai , Chang Shu‐Yen , Chiang Yu‐Ching , Lyu Ke‐Hong , Lee Yun‐Sheng , Lu Wen , Kuo Wen‐Hua , Angata Takashi , Lin Chun‐Cheng
Published: November 2024

In the present work, bacterial glycosyltransferases are utilized to construct ganglioside glycans in a convergent approach via a sugar‒nucleotide regeneration system and one‐pot multienzyme reactions. Starting from β‐lactoside enables the diversification of both the glycan moieties and the linkages in the lower α‐arm and upper β‐arm. Overall, a comprehensive panel of 24 natural a‐series (GM3, GM2, GM1a, GD1a, GT1a, and fucosyl‐GM1), b‐series (GD3, GD2, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b), c‐series (GT3, GT2, GT1c, GQ1c, and GP1c), α‐series (GM1α, GD1aα, and GT1aα), and o‐series (GA2, GA1, GM1b, GalNAc‐GM1b, and GD1c) ganglioside glycans are prepared, which are suitable for biological studies and further applications. Moreover, a microarray is constructed with these synthesized ganglioside glycans to investigate their binding specificity with recombinant Fc‐fused Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9, which are immune checkpoint‐like glycan recognition proteins on natural killer cells. The microarray binding results reveal that GD3 and GT1aα are specific ligands for Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9, respectively, and this discovery can lead to the identification of appropriate ligands for investigating the roles of these Siglecs in immunomodulation.
Nanoengineering of Phosphate/Phosphonate Drugs via Competitive Replacement with Metal‐Phenolic Networks to Overcome Breast Tumor with Lung and Bone Metastasis
Authors: Shi Wanrui , Liu Dashuai , Feng Wenjie , Chen Yang , Wang Yonggang , Nie Zhihong , Liu Yi , Zhang Hao
Published: November 2024

Phosphate and phosphonate drugs are vital in building organisms, regulating physiological processes, and exhibiting diverse biological activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, antineoplastic, and enzyme‐inhibitory effects. However, their therapeutic potential is limited by the lack of advanced nanoengineering technologies. Herein, a competitive coordination strategy for nanoengineering phosphate/phosphonate drugs is introduced. By leveraging the difference in coordination capabilities between polyphenols and phosphates/phosphonates with metal ions, various phosphate/phosphonate‐based nanodrugs using metal‐phenolic networks (MPNs) as templates and phosphate/phosphonate drugs as competitive agents are constructed. The dynamic nature of these coordination bonds imparts stimuli‐responsiveness to the nanodrugs, allowing for targeted release and therapy. As a proof of concept, Fe3+ and galangin are used to form the MPN template, zoledronic acid and cGAMP as competitive agents, and DOX as the loaded drug to construct DOX@Fe‐galangin@Fe‐zoledronic acid‐cGAMP nanodrugs. The results demonstrate that, by triggering pyroptosis and activating the cGAS‐STING pathway, the nanodrugs exhibit potent cytotoxicity and accurate selectivity in eradicating orthotopic breast tumors, and activate an antitumor immune response against lung and bone metastases. Because the competitive coordination strategy is applicable to a variety of phosphate/phosphonate agents, it holds significant potential for enhancing the clinical efficacy of phosphate/phosphonate drugs and advancing nanodrug development for complex therapeutic applications.