bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Silk Development Strategy in East Java Province
Authors: Zahrosa Dimas Bastara , Setiyono Setiyono , Slameto Slameto , Prihatin Jekti , Maharani Ariq Dewi , Amam Amam
Published: January 2024

One of the objectives of regulating the procurement and distribution of silkworm eggs based on the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number P.37/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2017 is to ensure the fulfillment of the need for quality silkworm eggs in sufficient quantities and continuous. The aim of the research is to develop a silkworm business development strategy in East Java Province. The research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out using observation methods, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and surveys. The survey was conducted in 2 ways, namely interviews and filling out questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Force Field Analysis (FFA) approach, taking into account the driving factors (D) and inhibiting factors (H). The results showed that the main driving factor for the development of the silkworm business in East Java Province was the initiation of silkworm-based educational tourism destinations. On the other hand, the main inhibiting factor was the suboptimal role of the government. The conclusions of the research and policy recommendations based on the consideration of the main driving factors and the main inhibiting factors. The silkworm business development strategy in East Java Province can be implemented by increasing the government's role in formulating policies for the integrated development of silkworm cultivation, aiming for zero waste. This strategy will be complemented by the the concept of educational tourism involving community participation.
Predicting of Protein Requirement and Metabolizable Energy on Breast Percentage and Wing Percentages of Local Chickens: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ramadhani Anisa , Nurgiartiningsih VM Ani , Sjofjan Osfar , Adli Danung Nur
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact of dietary energy and protein balance on carcass weight and percentage during the initial growth phase of local chickens, utilizing a meta-analysis approach. The analysis involved integrating data from 11 articles comprising a total of 120 data points. These articles provided insights into the influence of energy and protein-balanced diets on breast and wing percentages in local chickens. The meta-analysis process involved data collection from diverse scientific publications, standardizing units, and tabulating the information in a Microsoft Excel database. Subsequently, SAS was employed to analyse the tabulated data. The findings revealed that a minimum breast percentage of 30.11% required 18.18% protein, and the associated metabolizable energy requirement was 2974.17 kcal/kg. In summary, achieving a minimum wing percentage of 14.19% necessitated 17.81% dietary proteins and 2943 kcal/kg metabolizable energy for a 14.08% wing percentage.
A Taxonomy for Health Information Systems
Authors: Janssen Anna , Donnelly Candice , Shaw Tim
Published: January 2024

The health sector is highly digitized, which is enabling the collection of vast quantities of electronic data about health and well-being. These data are collected by a diverse array of information and communication technologies, including systems used by health care organizations, consumer and community sources such as information collected on the web, and passively collected data from technologies such as wearables and devices. Understanding the breadth of IT that collect these data and how it can be actioned is a challenge for the significant portion of the digital health workforce that interact with health data as part of their duties but are not for informatics experts. This viewpoint aims to present a taxonomy categorizing common information and communication technologies that collect electronic data. An initial classification of key information systems collecting electronic health data was undertaken via a rapid review of the literature. Subsequently, a purposeful search of the scholarly and gray literature was undertaken to extract key information about the systems within each category to generate definitions of the systems and describe the strengths and limitations of these systems.
A Global Health Survey of People Who Vape but Never Smoked: Protocol for the VERITAS (Vaping Effects: Real-World International Surveillance) Study
Authors: Zamora Goicoechea Jeffrey , Boughner Allison , Cirion Lee Juan José , Mahajan Aman , Yeo Kurt , Sproga Maris , Patel Tasmin , Saitta Claudio , Russell Christopher , Coughlan Michael , Caponnetto Pasquale , Polosa Riccardo
Published: January 2024

Background

There is only limited information about the health effects of regular vaping. Research on the health status of people who used to smoke faces the challenge that previous smoking may have caused unknown health effects. Only studies of people who vape but have never smoked combustible cigarettes can enable the detection of harms attributable to vaping. Large prospective studies of well-characterized electronic cigarette users with and without a history of combustible cigarette smoking are warranted to establish the long-term effects of regular vaping on respiratory health.

Objective

We will conduct a global cross-sectional survey of individuals from 6 world regions. Respiratory symptoms will be assessed using a validated questionnaire—the Respiratory Symptom Experience Scale (RSES). Current vapers who are nonusers of other tobacco or nicotine products will be compared with matched controls who are nonusers of vapes and other tobacco or nicotine products.

Methods

This will be a multicountry, cross-sectional internet-based survey of 750 adults aged ≥18 years who satisfy the criteria for inclusion in either a cohort of people who exclusively vape and who are nonusers of other tobacco or nicotine products (“vapers cohort”; target N=500) or a cohort of nonvapers who are also nonusers of other tobacco or nicotine products (“controls cohort”; target N=250). The primary end point of the study is the RSES score. RSES scores of people in the “vapers cohort” will be compared with those of people in the “controls cohort.” Additionally, the study will collect data to characterize patterns of vaping product use among the vapers cohort. Data collection will include information about the age initiation of using vape products, reasons for starting and continuing the use of vape products, specific types of products used, flavors and nicotine strengths of recently used products, as well as the frequency and intensity of product use in the past 30 days.

Results

Participant recruitment started in April 2023, and enrollment was completed by November 2023 with 748 participants. Results will be reported in 2024.

Conclusions

This will be the first study providing key insights into respiratory health effects associated with using electronic cigarettes in people who vape with no established use of combustible cigarettes or other tobacco or nicotine products.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/54236
What is Diminished Virtuality? A Directional and Layer-Based Taxonomy for the Reality-Virtuality Continuum (Preprint)
Authors: Egger Jan , Gsaxner Christina , Kleesiek Jens , Puladi Behrus
Published: January 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

The concept of reality-virtuality (RV) continuum was introduced by Paul Milgram and Fumio Kishino in 1994. It describes a spectrum that ranges from a purely physical reality (the real world) to a purely virtual reality (a completely computer-generated environment), with various degrees of mixed reality in between. This continuum is “realized” by different types of displays to encompass different levels of immersion and interaction, allowing for the classification of different types of environments and experiences. What is often overlooked in this concept is the act of diminishing real objects (or persons, animals, etc) from the reality, that is, a diminution, rather than augmenting it, that is, an augmentation. Hence, we want to propose in this contribution an update or modification of the RV continuum where the diminished reality aspect is more prominent. We hope this will help users, especially those who are new to the field, to get a better understanding of the entire extended reality (XR) topic, as well as assist in the decision-making for hardware (devices) and software or algorithms that are needed for new diminished reality applications. However, we also propose another, more sophisticated directional and layer-based taxonomy for the RV continuum that we believe goes beyond the mediated and multimediated realities. Furthermore, we initiate the question of whether the RV continuum truly ends on one side with physical reality.
Evaluating AI Competence in Specialized Medicine: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Neurologists in a Neurology Specialist exam in Spain (Preprint)
Authors: Ros-Arlanzón Pablo , Perez-Sempere Angel
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields, evaluating its application in specialized medical contexts becomes crucial. ChatGPT, a large language model developed by OpenAI, has shown potential in diverse applications, including medicine.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to compare the performance of ChatGPT with that of attending neurologists in a real neurology specialist examination conducted in the Valencian Community, Spain, to assess the AI's capabilities and limitations in medical knowledge.

METHODS

We conducted a comparative analysis using the 2022 neurology specialist exam results from 120 neurologists and responses generated by ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4. The exam consisted of 80 multiple-choice questions, with a focus on clinical neurology and health legislation. Questions were classified according to Bloom's Taxonomy. Statistical analysis of performance, including Kappa coefficient for response consistency, was performed.

RESULTS

Human participants exhibited a median score of 5.91, with 32 neurologists failing to pass. ChatGPT-3.5 ranked 116th out of 122, answering 54.5% of questions correctly (score 3.94). ChatGPT-4 showed marked improvement, ranking 17th with 81.8% of correct answers (score 7.57), surpassing several human specialists. No significant variations were observed in the performance on lower-order versus higher-order questions. Additionally, ChatGPT-4 demonstrated increased inter-rater reliability, as reflected by a higher Kappa coefficient of 0.73, compared to ChatGPT-3.5's coefficient of 0.69.

CONCLUSIONS

This study underscores the evolving capabilities of AI in medical knowledge assessment, particularly in specialized fields. ChatGPT4's performance, surpassing the median human score in a rigorous neurology exam, marks a notable advancement, suggesting its potential as an effective tool in specialized medical education and assessment.
nomenclatura chinanteca y la función social de la microtoponimia en Santiago Comaltepec, Oaxaca
Authors: Hernández Israel , Nakamoto Shun
Published: January 2024

La lengua de la comunidad chinanteca de Santiago Comaltepec, Ixtlán, Oaxaca, en México, posee una alta densidad de microtopónimos, con los que se refieren a pequeñas partes dentro de la población, y con los que dividen una superficie de 35 ha en, al menos, 56 partes pequeñas, a tal grado que a menudo un nombre corresponde a un área habitada por una o dos familias. En este estudio, documentamos tales designaciones de lugar a través de los relatos orales grabados en un acervo de documentación lingüísica y analizamos su estructura lingüística así como la correspondencia ontológica entre los términos fisiográficos y el entorno actual. De ese modo, demostramos que i) los microtopónimos chinantecos de Santiago Comaltepec incluyen más de veinte términos con etimología desconocida; ii) la mayoría de los microtopónimos se forman más bien alrededor de un término de relieve o de monumento, y no de la flora y la fauna u otro tipo de información ambiental; iii) los microtopónimos forman una subclase léxica cerrada que se distinguen de las descripciones momentáneas de lugares en términos de la ubicación relativa a un monumento; y iv) los microtopónimos tienen la función de identificar a individuos y se usan en diferentes momentos de la vida social en Santiago Comaltepec. Posteriormente, describimos la nomenclatura de los topónimos menores. Éstos difieren de los microtopónimos en i) incluir términos de relieve adicionales que se refieren a formaciones geográficas grandes, ii) incluir con frecuencia términos de flora y fauna e iii) incluir términos que describen condiciones climáticas. El resultado resalta la importancia de las perspectivas lingüística y social para estudiar los topónimos en general.
DEPRESIASI RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AS DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP EKSPOR DAN IMPOR
Authors: Saragih Juli Panglima
Published: January 2024

The depreciation of rupiah against US dollar will make positive and negative implications on the economy of Indonesia. This is a consequence of the open economy system and embraced free foreign exchange system. This paper aims to discuss and analize some implications of the depreciation of Indonesian rupiah upon foreign trade, foreign loans, and government reserve money. This paper uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analysis method supported with relevant data and references to the above topic discussed. It was concluded that condition of high depreciation of the rupiah in-mid and long-term should have to encourage surplus of foreign trade balance and decreasing import. This is a constraint on condition of rupiah’s depreciation. Moreover, depreciation of rupiah will be a benefit in competing similar products traded in international market. Depreciation of rupiah also can increase foreign direct investment to finance overall of businesses, as well as finance for development.
TRADE-OFF INFLASI DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN
Authors: Nasution Marihot , Huzaifah Hafidz
Published: January 2024

This study examined the Phillips curve theory and Okun's Law in Indonesia, whether there is an agreement on two theories to the real conditions that occur in the field. Some previous studies found that unemployment has a unidirectional relationship with inflation where it is not in line with the Phillips curve theory. Similarly, the relationship between economic growth and unemployment. Earlier studies suggested that in the short term, there is a negative relationship between unemployment and economic growth. This condition is not in accordance with Okun's law. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between inflation, economic growth and the unemployment rate. The study will be conducted using the Granger Causality Test to look at the causal relationships between variables.
PENERAPAN PENGANGGARAN PARTISIPATIF DI TINGKAT DESA
Authors: Widodo Slamet , Pratiwi Dwi Resti
Published: January 2024

Government's commitment to build Indonesia from periphery should be followed by some measures to improve the quality of development planning and budgeting, particularly at the level of village government. The concept of participatory budgeting which has been applied in some countries and in several regions in Indonesia seeks to encourage the active involvement of the community in discussing and prioritizing the local needs and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of budget allocation through a transparent and accountable process. This concept is not intended to replace the Musrenbang process, but it can be done in parallel by different approaches. However, the effectiveness of its implementation depends on the commitment of all parties related to the discussion of the budget at the level of village government.
PENGARUH BELANJA KESEHATAN TERHADAP ANGKA HARAPAN HIDUP DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PEMEKARAN PERIODE TAHUN 1999 – 2008 : ANALISIS DATA PANEL
Authors: SIRAIT ROBBY , CHRISTIANINGRUM RATNA
Published: January 2024

This research empirically analyzed the relationship between public health spending and Life expectancy at birth. The data was collected from 182 districs/cities segregation of the period 1999 to 2008 between 2009 and 2013. Life expectancy at birth as indicator of public health degree , were used as dependent variables. To analyze cross- districs/cities panel data, we used random effect model. The findings showed a positive relationship between public health spending and life expectancy at birth. But, the relationship between public health spending and life expectancy at birth not statistically significant.
ANALISIS PENGARUH BELANJA PEMERINTAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: DAHIRI  , WIBOWO ADHI
Published: January 2024

This study purpose to show the relationship between government spending and economic growth to poverty in Indonesia. With central and local government spending tends to increase every year. However, the increase can not guarantee it will decline against poverty. The spending there is related directly and indirectly to poverty. National and regional economic growth is a reflection of the relationship that indirect expenditure against poverty. The results of the study with time series data and panel data years 1984-2015 all provinces in 2013-2015, the model 1 and 2 show that the central and local government spending and the national and regional economic growth significantly affects poverty with a negative relationship.
PENGARUH DANA ALOKASI UMUM (DAU) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI
Authors: Ginting Ari
Published: January 2024

General Allocation Fund (DAU) is part of the fiscal decentralization by Central Government to local government. Based on data from Central Bank, nearly 81% of local government financial in North Sumatera are supported by the DAU provided from Central Governmnet. This study had 2 goals, the first goal is to determine the development of local revenue and expenditure and the second goal is to analyze the influence of DAU to local government in Nort Sumatera. This reseach used 33 data from local government in North Sumatera from 2006 to 2015 and using panel regression. This reseach found that from APBD in local government in North Sumatra are rely mostly on DAU rather then PAD. And the local government expenditure are alocated for operasional expenditure rahter than capital expenditure. Based on panel regression found that the growth of DAU and BM has positive and significant impact on local economic growth. The local government have to shift the political will from operasional expenditure into capital expenditure, so it will effect on economic growth and public welfare.
ANALISIS FLYPAPER EFFECT PADA DANA ALOKASI UMUM DAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH TERHADAP BELANJA DAERAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pratiwi Dwi , PARAMITHA RASTRI
Published: January 2024

In 1999, the Government of Indonesia introduced local autonomy to the level of regional governance. It coerces a regional government to be ready to accept more responsibility in governing and managing its house affairs. The main funding sources of local governments come from Own-Source Revenue (PAD). Besides, they also get help from central government transfer such as Balancing Funds (Dana Perimbangan) Which Consist of General Allocation Funds (DAU), Specific Allocation Funds (DAK) And Revenue Sharing Funds (DBH). The regional transfer funds aim to provoke the local government to generate more their own revenue. The regions however become more dependent on central government. Instead of optimizing their own sources income, they tend to enjoy the transfer funds from the central government. There is an indication of asymmetric behavior in response to the transfer of local government. It implies that the regional transfer (i.e. general allocation fund) increases the level of public spending more than an increase in local income of an equivalent size. This study has the objective to provide empirical evidence for the occurrence of flypaper effect on government spending in Indonesia. The study is using a multiple regression as method analysis. This study result indicates that there is flypaper effect on DAU in Indonesia.
PENGARUH PAD, DAU, DAK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KEMISKINAN PADA KABUPATEN/KOTA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Prasetyo Adhi , Aida Ade Nurul
Published: January 2024

This study investigate the effect of Local Revenue (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DAK) to economic growth and poverty at district/city in Indonesia for 2012-2014. Research using the method of path analysis with secondary data in the form of a panel consisting of 33 provinces include 441 district/city in Indonesia were sourced from the Directorate General of Financial Equalization (DJPK) and the BPS-Statistics Indonesia. Results shows that the PAD and DAU effect on economic growth in each district/city area. Otherwise DAK has no effect against economic growth. In addition, this analysis also showed that PAD, and DAU effect on poverty, but DAK had no effect against poverty at district/city in Indonesia. While economic growth would also have an effect on poverty. From the analysis also looks that indirectly PAD, and DAU to decrease poverty through increased economic growth.
KETIMPANGAN EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERATAAN PEMBANGUNAN DI PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Sayekti Nidya Waras
Published: January 2024

During 16 years of development since regional autonomy, economic inequality is still a problem in Banten Province. The imbalance of growth between the South and North Region sharpens the socio-economic welfare gap in Banten Province. The districts/municipalities in the Northern Territory have Gross Regional Domestic Income (GRDP) greater than districts / municipalities located in the Southern Region whereas the southern region has an area of more than 60 percent of the total area of Banten. This research used descriptive method with qualitative approach to give a thorough analysis about policy of economic gap equation and development in Banten Province. The gini ratio of Banten Province for the year 2012 - 2016 is the highest in 2014 (0.424) and tends to decrease to 0.392 in 2016. One of the efforts of the Banten Provincial Government is to implement a long-term development strategy by maximizing the potential of the remaining area, the southern part as the minapolitan area. To support this and to reduce economic imbalances, local governments need to increase inter-regional connectivity through improved land, air and sea transportation and the infrastructure linking new growth centers. Through this strategy is expected to suppress the economic imbalances that occur and even distribution of development felt more Banten community.
PENGARUH BELANJA FUNGSI PENDIDIKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH TERHADAP KUALITAS SDM DAERAH TERTINGGAL
Authors: Prasetyo Adhi , Nasution Marihot
Published: January 2024

The commitment of the Indonesian government in improving education is done by allocating education expenditure at least 20 percent from APBN and APBD. Although it has been in effect since 2003, this commitment needs to be evaluated from the perspective of human resource quality improvement, especially in underdeveloped areas. Underdeveloped areas are preferred because these areas are less developed than other regions. These areas have high poverty incidence, low economic development, and low quality of resurces.This study examines the impact of education spending on the quality of human resources in remote areas as measured by net enrollment rates and the average length of schooling/mean year school by 2015. The results show that the increase of education spending has not been able to improve the quality of human resources in remote areas. The allocation of education spending that is not in line with the number of people in disadvantaged areas has been pointed out as one indication that the utilization of education spending has not been optimal to achieve better quality of human resources.
TINJAUAN ATAS PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN DANA DESA
Authors: Widodo Slamet , Paramita Rastri
Published: January 2024

The share of village funds distribution with a proportion of 90:10, which refers to the Minister of Finance Regulation Number 93 of 2015, inclines to still not convene the principles of justice for most needed villages, especially from the indicator of the number of poor and the status of village progress. Since its implementation beginning in 2015, the village funds have not been able to improve the welfare of the villagers as reflected in the high rates of rural poverty and rising gap levels. Moreover, the data of Desa Membangun Index shows that almost 62 percent of villages comprise of very less and less dveloped villages. These villages are in fact still not getting a larger priority than better-performing villages. In future, the village fund policy should place these villages as the main priority of allocation by considering the variables of the poor and the progress of the village. On the other hand, villages should be given greater flexibility in determining their priorities according to their needs.
DAYA SAING KAKAO INDONESIA DI PASAR ASEAN PRA DAN PASKA PEMBERLAKUAN MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN
Authors: Alvaro Rendy , Alexander Robby Alexander
Published: January 2024

The analysis of the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa aims to convey Indonesian's cocoa export position amidst the ASEAN trades, particularly after two years of the establishment of ASEAN Economic Community. The research used three economic indicators in order to measure the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa. These indicators are RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage), EPD (Export Product Dynamics), and MS (Market Share). The three indicators were used in period of 2012 and 2017 in the ASEAN market. The results showed that the cocoa product with HS-180100, HS-180310, HS-180320 and HS-180500 code have competitiveness in Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore. However, the competitiveness of all types of cocoa has decreased after the implementation of ASEAN Economic Community.
PENGARUH PROGRAM CETAK 1 JUTA HA SAWAH BARU TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI
Authors: Dahiri Dahiri
Published: January 2024

Data luas sawah dan produksi padi nasional menunjukkan tren meningkat, namun kesejahteraan petani juga menurun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah pertama untuk menghitung dampak luas lahan sawah dan produktivitas terhadap produksi padi; kedua, menghitung pengaruh luas lahan basah, produktivitas, dan harga terhadap kesejahteraan petani; dan ketiga, menghitung efektivitas produksi padi dan program pembukaan lahan baru 1 juta ha. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi dengan logaritma natural dan data dari 33 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2013–2016. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pertama luas lahan basah dan produktivitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produksi; luas lahan basah, produktivitas, dan harga berpengaruh positif terhadap kesejahteraan petani, namun hanya luas lahan yang signifikan; efektivitas produksi padi berada pada kategori cukup efektif; dan efektivitas program yang menghasilkan 1 juta ha ladang baru berada pada kategori tidak efektif.
PENGARUH VARIABEL RUANG FISKAL, DAU DAN DBH TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI PEMERINTAH PROVINSI
Authors: Widodo Slamet
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of fiscal space, General Allocation Fund (DAU) and Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH) to Human Development Index (HDI/IPM) in provincial level. The reseach used data of IPM, fiscal space, DAU, and DBH for the period of 2006-2015 from Central Agency of Statictic (BPS), Ministry of Finance, and other related institutions. Reseach methology used Regression of Data Panel with Fixed Effect Model and Ordinary Least Square estimation. The results of the reseach show that the fiscal space, DAU and DBH variables significantly influence the HDI of provincial government with negative direction.
PENGARUH IMPOR PANGAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI PANGAN
Authors: Martha Carolina  , Robby A. Sirait
Published: January 2024

This study uses Feasible Generalized Least Square (FLGS) model to assess the impact of food import on the farmers welfare by monthly time series data for the period 2011 to 2017. The number of food imports were used as dependent variables and independent variables is Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) as indicator of farmers welfare degree. The estimation showed a negative relationship between the number of food import and farmers welfare. But, the relationship not statistically significant.
ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN DANA BANTUAN SOSIAL DAN HIBAH DI TINGKAT KABUPATEN/KOTA PADA PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH TAHUN 2018
Authors: Pratiwi Dwi Resti , Nasution Marihot
Published: January 2024

This study examines the use of social assistance funds and grants ahead of the 2018 elections. This test is carried out by examining differences in the allocation of grants and social assistance funds in local governments led by incumbent leaders. The results show that there is a significant difference in the allocation of social assistance funds and grants in the first period of office and then nominate again in the next election. As long as the leaders served in the two leadership periods of 2008-2013 and 2013-2018, the allocation of social expenditure and grants in 2013 and 2017 had an average difference, where in 2013 the expenditure allocation was greater than in 2017. In 2017 was the last year the leader served in government. Differences also appear in the leadership tenure where there is still a chance for him to run for the next election. During his tenure as leader in the 2014-2018 period, the allocation of social assistance and grants in 2016 had an average allocation of social assistance funds and grants of 2.4 percent which had a statistically significant difference in 2017 (ahead of the 2018 election) where the funds were flat allocated by 3.4 percent. The allocation difference is also caused by the influence of the fiscal space of the regional government. However, from the results of linear regression, it was found that the amount of social assistance allocations and grants was not influenced by political factors such as the presence of incumbent leaders in government.
PENGARUH PAD, DAU, DBH, DAK, PENERIMAAN PEMBIAYAAN DAN PENANAMAN MODAL TETAP BRUTO TERHADAP ALOKASI BELANJA MODAL DAERAH PROVINSI KAWASAN BARAT DAN TIMUR INDONESIA
Authors: Widodo Slamet
Published: January 2024

Government policy to prioritize infrastructure development is not only to increase competitiveness, but also to reduce disparities between regions in Indonesia. The success of infrastructure development requires the role of the central government, regional government, and the private sector. The role of the regional government is realized in the form of capital expenditure allocations in the regional budget. The 2014-2019 RPJMN has set a capital expenditure allocation target in the APBD of 30 percen of total regional expenditure. But in its implementation, not all regions have fulfilled this mandate. This study discusses factors that influence the allocation of capital expenditure in the provinces of the western (KBI) and eastern regions of Indonesia (KTI). The data used is accumulated data on Local Budget (APBD) and Regional GDP for the 2010-2017 period in the provinces in the western and eastern regions of Indonesia. The methodology used is data panel regression using fixed effect model. The aim of the study is to formulate a policy of allocating budget transfers to regions that is more effective in narrowing the gap between the western and eastern regions of Indonesia. The results of Fixed Effect Model show that all variables have a positive effect on government capital expenditure allocation at KBI and KTI. General Allocation Fund (DAU) and Gross fixed capital formation (PMTB) have a positive relationship but do not significantly affect capital expenditure allocation in the KTI and KBI regions.
PENGARUH JARAK KE SEKOLAH TERHADAP ANGKA PARTISPASI DAN PUTUS SEKOLAH SMP DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sirait Robby A
Published: January 2024

This research empirically to analyze the effect of distance to school on junior secondary enrolment rate and schools dropout rate in Indonesia. The data were collected from 33 provinces between 2010 and 2017. To analyze cross-provinces panel data, we used fixed effect model (FEM). The findings showed a positive relationship between distance to school and schools dropout rate. But, the relationship not statistically significant. Another finding is the distance to school have a negative influence on enrollment rate and statistically significant. And finally, we provide a few recommendations which policy makers may adopt in reducing dropout from school and increasing enrollment rate of junior secondary school.
PENGARUH NILAI KURS, INFLASI, DAN PDB TERHADAP EKSPOR TEMBAGA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Alvaro Rendy
Published: January 2024

In the 2015-2019 National Medium-Term Development Plan, the direction of policies and strategies for developing national trade capacity are carried out through two pillars of policy direction, namely the development of domestic trade and the development of foreign trade. Due to sluggish global conditions Indonesia’s export declines significantly. This study aims to analyze the effects of Exchange Rate, Inflation and Gross Domestic Product on copper exports in Indonesia. Method to analyse effects of Exchange Rate, Inflation and Gross Domestic Product on Copper Exports in Indonesia is by using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that the exchange rate, inflation and GDP together have a significant effect on Indonesia's copper exports.
CUKAI PLASTIK UNTUK MENGATASI INDONESIA DARURAT SAMPAH PLASTIK
Authors: Panjaitan Jesly
Published: January 2024

Indonesia has a significant problem with plastic. The purpose of this study is to analyze Indonesia’s problems with plastic and analize the impact of the plastic waste. The excise of plastic is not implemented yet due to polemic between two ministries and the absence of implementing regulations of plastic excise. It is needed courage and willpower from Government to implement the excise of plastic. The policy should combine with other fiscal policies and need participation of various parties instead of government only
FAKTOR DETERMINAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nasution Marihot
Published: January 2024

The human development index (HDI) is one indicator of development progress in aspects of human quality in a country. This study aims to identify the factors that affect the human development index in Indonesia by taking a sample of 34 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2013 to 2017. The analysis technique used is panel data regression using the fixed effect model. The regression results show that the gross regional domestic product (PDRB) per capita and the provincial poverty level have an influence on the high and low human development index. While the variable unemployment rate and fiscal independence ratio do not have a significant effect on HDI. These results imply the importance of regional economic development and poverty alleviation for the sake of increasing the human development index.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN TUNJANGAN PROFESI GURU DAN UJIAN NASIONAL
Authors: Wibowo Adhi Prasetyo Satriyo
Published: January 2024

Tunjangan profesi guru (TPG) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan mutu pendidikan nasional yang mengacu pada Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP), khususnya standar kompetensi kelulusan. Anggaran TPG cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya, namun standar kompetensi kelulusan cenderung menurun. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tunjangan profesi guru dengan ujian nasional. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang terdiri dari anggaran TPG dan hasil UN. Anggaran tunjangan profesi guru tahun 2012–2018. Skor PBB adalah rata-rata agregat skor PBB nasional tahun 2012–2018. Sedangkan model yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi Pearson-Spearman, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa hubungan TPG dengan UN mempunyai arah positif namun tidak signifikan.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI INFLASI INTI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Christianingrum Ratna , Syafri Riza Aditya
Published: January 2024

Inflation is an important macroeconomic indicator. High inflation can reduce real income, which means there is a decrease in purchasing power. The level and volatility of Indonesia’s inflation have been higher compared with the trend in emerging markets and developing countries. This research is conducted to analyze the influence of fuel price, interest rate, GDP, gold price, IPI, exchange rate, and money supply on the core inflation rate in Indonesia. Data analysis was done using Vector Error Correction Models (VECM). The results show that in the short run, GDP, IPI, exchange rate, and money supply have a significant effect on the core inflation rate. In the long run, fuel prices, GDP, and exchange rates have significant effects on the core inflation rate in Indonesia.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS JALUR SUKU BUNGA DALAM MEKANISME TRANSMISI KEBIJAKAN MONETER DI INDONESIA (PERIODE 2009-2018)
Authors: Paramita Rastri
Published: January 2024

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the interest rate channel in the mechanism of monetary policy in Indonesia. The variables used are policy rates (rSBK) as monetary policy tool, deposit rates (rDeposito), and credit rates (rKredit) as transmission to the real sector and CPI as a proxy of inflation which is the target of monetary policy. The VECM method is used since the variables are cointegrated but are stationary in the first difference. The results impulse response operational targets respond weakly to changes in monetary policy variables because they require a deadline of 5 periods to be able to influence the CPI. While the result of variance decomposition showed the low strength of the rDeposito variable which only reached 1.84 percent, rCredit was only 0,54 in response to the shock of the rSBL. Thus, the effect on CPI is only 1,03 percent. It can be concluded based on this research, the effectiveness of monetary policy which only relies on the policy interest rate channel is less effective in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Indonesia for the periode 2009-2018 to impact the inflation.
EVALUASI SINKRONISASI PERENCANAAN DAN PENGANGGARAN BIDANG PERUMAHAN DAN PERMUKIMAN PADA PEMERINTAH PUSAT
Authors: Dwi Resti Pratiwi
Published: January 2024

Aligning national planning and budgeting are crucial to achieving national development’s goals. One of Indonesia development goals as stated on Mid- Termn National Development Planning (RPJMN) 2015-2019 was to reduce poverty at 7-8 percent by the end of 2019. This target however is hard to be reached. It is indicated that there was a problem on planning and budgeting system at program priority and activity level. One of program priority that was mandated to achieve poverty target is housing and settlement. The outcome of the program unfortunately were unreachable. They were to reduce the housing backlog by 5 million unit and universal access to water supply and sanitation by 2019. This paper aims to evaluate the national planning budgeting alignment on Housing and Settlement Program. It used descriptive analysis methode by comparing between planning document such as RPJMN, Government Strategic Plan (Renstra), Government Work Plan (RKP) and Budget States (APBN). This analysis resulted that there is inconsistency outcome indicators across planning document (i.e RPJMN and RKP). Beside that, the missmatch between planning and budget document is found in this housing and settlement program which cause many activities were not funded in APBN. So that, the next government should evaluate the implementation of planning and budgeting during 2015-2019 and improve the alignment between them to achieve naional development goals as stated in RPJMN 2020-2024.
PENGARUH DANA BAGI HASIL, DANA ALOKASI KHUSUS, DANA DESA DAN PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO TERHADAP KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN/KOTA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Alvaro Rendy , Zahara Ervita Luluk
Published: January 2024

The study aims to analyze the effect of revenue sharing fund (DBH), special allocation fund (DAK), village fund, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) on poverty at the districts/city in Indonesia. Types of data use secondary data about revenue sharing fund (DBH), special allocation fund (DAK), village fund, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in 2015-2018. Data analysis using panel data regression analysis. Result of research found that revenue sharing fund and special allocation fund had no significant effect on poverty. This study also proves village fund and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) have significant influence on poverty in Indonesia.
PENGARUH BELANJA PEMERINTAH DAERAH TERHADAP KINERJA PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Nasution Marihot
Published: January 2024

This study examines how local government spending affects public services provided to the public. The performance of public service delivery is measured by the achievement of the performance of local government operations which are the object of evaluation in the Evaluasi Kinerja Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah (EKPPD) which is carried out annually by the Ministry of Home Affairs. Whereas government expenditure is regional government expenditure per function per capita. Using a sample of 94 local governments, this study took the period 2014 to 2018. The results showed that per capita expenditure function had a positive effect on the performance of local government administration for regional government authority in education, health and infrastructure (housing and public facilities). The capital expenditure ratio is also tested to see the effect of capital expenditure on the performance of public service delivery. In testing the performance of the health and infrastructure sectors, this ratio has a significant negative effect, but for the performance of the education sector this ratio has no significant effect. This means that capital expenditures incurred by local governments have not been effective in meeting the needs of public services for the community, especially in the field of education.
ANALISIS ALOKASI DANA ALOKASI KHUSUS FISIK BIDANG PERTANIAN DAN DANA ALOKASI KHUSUS PENUGASAN BIDANG IRIGASI
Authors: Sirait Robby Alexander
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research to analyze specific allocation funds of agriculture and irrigation. This study used secondary data, standard deviation and rating scale method. From this research, we found that allocations for specific allocation funds is not fully accurate to achieve the food security and food sovereignty. We reach to the conclusion based on our results that 32.28% of specific allocation funds is inaccurate.
DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN ALAT MESIN PERTANIAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI
Authors: Dahiri Dahiri
Published: January 2024

The large budget of agricultural machine tools is expected to increase rice production so that the welfare level of farmers can also increase. However, this is inversely proportional, because throughout 2011 to 2018 the average level of welfare of farmers reflected in the NTPP is still below 100. Therefore this study purpose to knowing the impact of the use of agricultural machine tools type of two-wheeled tractor, rice trsanplanter, and water pump on welfare of farmers. The data used are secondary data consisting of two-wheeled tractor data, rice transplanters, water pumps, rice production, and NTPP based on provinces in Indonesia from 2011-2017. While the research method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that the impact of Alsintan type of two-wheeled tractor and water pump had a positive and significant impact on the production and welfare of farmers. But, the type of rice trsanplanter has a negative and significant impact on the production and welfare of farmers. The recommendations given are firstly the calculation formula for procurement and distribution of agricultural machine tools by calculating the area of land and the level of welfare of farmers. Second, recipients of agricultural machine tools assistance for government agencies in the Province / District or the alsintan brigade are deleted.
PENGARUH INDEKS KAPASITAS FISKAL (IKF) DAN INDEKS RUANG FISKAL (IRF) TERHADAP DANA PERIMBANGAN TAHUN 2015-2020 PADA 122 KABUPATEN DAERAH TERTINGGAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Widodo Slamet
Published: January 2024

Underdeveloped regions are characterized as regions with unavailability of natural resources which causes high financial dependence to the central government in the form of balance funds transfer. This causes the low level of autonomy of underdeveloped regions because of the lack of local revenue sources. The average Fiscal Capacity Index (IKF) of underdeveloped regions during 2015-2018 was 0,75 or in the moderate category. Some underdeveloped regions in Papua and West Papua have high IKF because of the Special Autonomy fund. In terms of fiscal space (IRF), the freedom of underdeveloped regions in determining their own spending priorities by 36% throughout 2016-2018. One of the main goals of fiscal decentralization is to eliminate horizontal gaps between regions, which in turn must be reflected in the budgeting process where regions that are more in need (underdeveloped regions) will get more allocations than other better-off regions.The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of IKF and IRF on the balance of funds for the 2015-2018 period in 122 underdeveloped regions in Indonesia. The data used are data on balancing funds, IKF, IRF for the period 2015-2018 sourced from BPS, the Ministry of Finance, and other relevant agencies. The analysis tool uses Panel Data regression with the Fixed Effect Model. The results of the analysis show that the IKF variable has a significant positive effect on the balance fund and the IRF variable has a significant negative effect on the balance fund.
ANALISIS FAKTOR DETERMINASI PENANAMAN MODAL ASING (PMA) LANGSUNG DI ASEAN
Authors: Pratiwi Dwi Resti
Published: January 2024

The number of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in ASEAN has been increasing over the past years. FDI is one of the sources of investment that is really important, mainly for developing countries. This research aims to analyse the development and determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in ASEAN countries over the period 2007 to 2018. It focused on six members of ASEAN countries including Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philipines and Vietnam. By using data panel analysis with common effect model, it indicates that market size, exchange rate, trade openness, and political stability, were significant and positively attracted FDI inflow in ASEAN. Additionally, real interest rate was significantly proven to have negative effect on FDI Inflow. Meanwhile, inflation rate was not significant in attracting FDI to the region. This result shows that macroecenomic indicators are the key factors that attract more FDI. So that, the Government of ASEAN Countries have to maintain macroeconomic stability in encouraging more investors to the ASEAN countries. Beside that, political risk and uncertainty has to be minimized by increasing the political stability and good control of corruption in order to create condusive investment environment for foreign investors.
EVALUASI DANA DESA DILIHAT DARI HUBUNGAN ANTARA PAGU DANA DESA DAN INDEKS DESA MEMBANGUN
Authors: Christianingrum Ratna
Published: January 2024

The village law mandates the Government to allocate village funds. Village budget allocation continues to increase every year. But now, no study has evaluated the effectiveness of village fund using villages as research units. This research is conducted to analyze the correlation between village budget and IDM. The result show that village budget and IDM has positive and significant correlation. But the correlation between village budget and IDM are very weak. This is because the development in the village financed by village funds is smaller than the development captured by IDM, the formulation used to determine the allocation of village funds, and there are factors that hinder the management of village funds.