bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design a Compact and Miniaturized Unit Cell in Substrate Integrated Plasmonic Waveguides
Authors: Mirhadi Salma , Javidi Zahra , Komjani Nader
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a novel procedure to design a compact and miniaturized unit cell in the substrate integrated plasmonic waveguide (SIPW) structures. The slot of the unit cell is automatically obtained in this method without needing any prior knowledge of its shape. The method is based on topology optimization through pixelization of the slot surface in the unit cell and uses a combination of binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) and commercial electromagnetic (EM) software. With this method, first, the shapes of the two unit cells are engineered to arbitrarily reduce the high cut-off frequency. Then, two low-pass filters consisting of the proposed unit cells are designed and simulated. To further verify the proposed procedure, one of the filters is fabricated, whose measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results. This filter provides a pass band of 5.6 to 6.3 GHz and has dimensions of 0.82λg×0.22λg. The proposed method has the potential to minimize microwave and terahertz devices.
Dynamic Risk Assessment and Control Framework for Work Zone and Its First Implementation under Simulation Environment
Authors: Xu Zhepu , Song Cancan , Yu Jie
Published: January 2024

The number of road maintenance operations in China is increasing. Work zones can interfere with everyday driving and bring significant safety hazards to the throughput vehicles and construction personnel. However, there is currently a lack of effective methods to conduct a dynamic risk assessment of work zones and provide control guidance when necessary. Therefore, this study proposes a dynamic risk assessment and control framework for the work zones. The framework adopts a closed‐loop control and dynamic monitoring architecture. A massive amount of microscopic data on vehicles’ behavior is obtained based on advanced data collection technologies (including multicamera multiobject tracking, naturalistic driving, and microscopic traffic simulation). Traffic conflicts between single vehicle and two‐ or multivehicle are detected using vehicle behavior analyzing technology and the surrogate safety assessment model. A comprehensive assessment index, i.e., UTECN (unit total equivalent conflict number), is established that can consider the severity and possibility of accidents caused by conflicts based on the vehicle collision energy theory, probability theory, and risk management theory. A risk assessment standard is established based on the level of safety service. The framework is first implemented in a simulation environment, and its feasibility and effectiveness are verified by taking a work zone of Shanghai Waihuan Expressway S20 as a case study. The result shows that the framework has good practicality. Under a moderate traffic level, the risk of the work zone can be assessed within 20 minutes. It can be quickly and effectively controlled at an acceptable level after several iterations, which is of great significance for ensuring the safety of life and property of throughput vehicles and construction personnel within the work zone.
The Neural Progenitor Cell‐Associated Transcription Factor FoxG1 Regulates Cardiac Epicardial Cell Proliferation
Authors: Pilcher Lucy , Solomon Lara , Dragon Julie A. , Gupta Dhananjay , Spees Jeffrey L.
Published: January 2024

The epicardium is a layer of mesothelial cells that covers the surface of the heart. During development, epicardial cells undergo epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form multipotent precursors that migrate into the heart and contribute to the coronary vasculature by differentiating into adventitial fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Epicardial cells also provide paracrine signals to cardiac myocytes that are required for appropriate heart growth. In adult hearts, a similar process of epicardial cell EMT, migration, and differentiation occurs after myocardial infarction (MI, heart attack). Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is associated with fibrosis, negative remodeling, and reduced cardiac function. In contrast, aerobic exercises such as swimming and running promote physiological (i.e., beneficial) hypertrophy, which is associated with angiogenesis and improved cardiac function. As epicardial cell function(s) during physiological hypertrophy are poorly understood, we analyzed and compared the native epicardial cells isolated directly from the hearts of running‐exercised mice and age‐matched, nonrunning littermates. To obtain epicardial cells, we enzymatically digested the surfaces of whole hearts and performed magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) with antibodies against CD104 (integrin β4). By cDNA microarray assays, we identified genes with increased transcription in epicardial cells after running exercise; these included FoxG1, a transcription factor that controls neural progenitor cell proliferation during brain development and Snord116, a small noncoding RNA that coordinates expression of genes with epigenetic, circadian, and metabolic functions. In cultured epicardial cells, shRNA‐mediated FoxG1 knockdown significantly decreased cell proliferation, as well as Snord116 expression. Our results demonstrate that FoxG1 regulates epicardial proliferation, and suggest it may affect cardiac remodeling.
Facial Papulopustular Eruption during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients Treated with EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: De Luca Eleonora , Sollena Pietro , Di Nardo Lucia , D’Argento Ettore , Vita Emanuele , Tortora Giampaolo , Peris Ketty
Published: January 2024

Papulopustular rash (PPR) is the most frequent cutaneous adverse event during treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRis). Although often mild in severity, it can impair patients’ quality of life and may also be a reason for discontinuing or changing the dose of the antineoplastic treatment. During COVID-19 pandemics, the use of surgical masks drastically increased and it had an impact on the face skin microenvironment, favoring the worsening of dermatological pathologies. We reported the relapse of PPR in patients treated with EGFR inhibitors who consistently wore face masks (>6 hours/day). All the patients developed the PPR within 6 months of starting mask use. Compared to the PPR occurred previously, after mask use, the skin eruption was more severe and affected mainly those regions of the face which came into contact with the mask. Patients received topical or systemic treatment, obtaining complete response in 65.7% of the cases. The establishment of an early treatment for the PPR allows continuing the oncologic treatment, without any suspension which could result in a decreased oncologic outcome. In conclusion, when using these devices, it is recommended to use special precautions, particularly in oncologic patients, by using a daily prophylactic skincare and replacing masks regularly with regular and frequent breaks.
Associations between Predictors of PTSD and Psychosocial Functioning in Veterans: Results from a Longitudinal Assessment Study
Authors: Pearson R. , Mendoza C. , Coppin J. D. , Creech S. K.
Published: January 2024

Impairments in psychosocial functioning are common in veterans, especially in those with significant mental health symptoms. Although available treatments are aimed at alleviating these symptoms, impairments in psychosocial functioning do not appear to be fully addressed. To achieve rehabilitation and full societal participation, there is a need to identify longitudinal associations of both symptoms and functional outcomes which can be targeted in treatment. United States veterans (N=491) of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars were recruited as part of a longitudinal assessment study which examined predictors of postdeployment adjustment. Veterans were assessed at four timepoints over the course of a two-year period. A Bayesian multivariate multilevel model was used to estimate the association of predictors of PTSD (depression, alcohol use, suicidal ideation, and sleep) on psychosocial functioning as encompassed by quality of life (Quality of Life Scale (QLS)) and disability (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS)) scores over time. As female veterans have unique environmental exposures and functional demands, interactions between predictors and gender were included in all models. There was significant overlap between predictors of PTSD and predictors of disability across domains and quality of life. Depressive symptoms and social support emerged as the strongest predictors of psychosocial functioning. Additionally, suicidality and alcohol use emerged as predictors of quality of life, but not disability. As expected, increases in PTSD symptoms predicted increased disability and decreased quality of life. The effect of depressive symptoms on quality of life was more pronounced for male veterans, and the effect of PTSD and alcohol use on quality of life was more pronounced for female veterans. Findings highlight various treatment targets which have the potential to improve symptoms of PTSD and functional outcomes. Findings highlight an opportunity to leverage intervention and prevention efforts focused on decreasing depression and increasing social support to improve trauma symptoms and maximize rehabilitation and functional recovery in veterans.
Noninvasive Detection of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer through Targeted Cell-free DNA Methylation
Authors: Franceschini Gian Marco , Quaini Orsetta , Mizuno Kei , Orlando Francesco , Ciani Yari , Ku Sheng-Yu , Sigouros Michael , Rothmann Emily , Alonso Alicia , Benelli Matteo , Nardella Caterina , Auh Joonghoon , Freeman Dory , Hanratty Brian , Adil Mohamed , Elemento Olivier , Tagawa Scott T. , Feng Felix Y. , Caffo Orazio , Buttigliero Consuelo , Basso Umberto , Nelson Peter S. , Corey Eva , Haffner Michael C. , Attard Gerhardt , Aparicio Ana , Demichelis Francesca , Beltran Himisha
Published: January 2024

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a heterogeneous disease associated with phenotypic subtypes that drive therapy response and outcome differences. Histologic transformation to castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate cancer (CRPC-NE) is associated with distinct epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation. The current diagnosis of CRPC-NE is challenging and relies on metastatic biopsy. We developed a targeted DNA methylation assay to detect CRPC-NE using plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The assay quantifies tumor content and provides a phenotype evidence score that captures diverse CRPC phenotypes, leveraging regions to inform transcriptional state. We tested the design in independent clinical cohorts (n = 222 plasma samples) and qualified it achieving an AUC > 0.93 for detecting pathology-confirmed CRPC-NE (n = 136). Methylation-defined cfDNA tumor content was associated with clinical outcomes in two prospective phase II clinical trials geared towards aggressive variant CRPC and CRPC-NE. These data support the application of targeted DNA methylation for CRPC-NE detection and patient stratification.

Significance:

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is an aggressive subtype of treatment-resistant prostate cancer. Early detection is important, but the diagnosis currently relies on metastatic biopsy. We describe the development and validation of a plasma cell–free DNA targeted methylation panel that can quantify tumor fraction and identify patients with neuroendocrine prostate cancer noninvasively.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 384
TABLE 1 from Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Predicts Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumors Based on PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Ligero Marta , Serna Garazi , El Nahhas Omar S.M. , Sansano Irene , Mauchanski Siarhei , Viaplana Cristina , Calderaro Julien , Toledo Rodrigo A. , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Vanguri Rami S. , Sauter Jennifer L. , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Shah Sohrab P. , Ramón y Cajal Santiago , Garralda Elena , Nuciforo Paolo , Perez-Lopez Raquel , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: January 2024

Clinical population characteristics for NSCLC-MSK and pan-cancer-VHIO cohort
Figure S1 from Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Predicts Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumors Based on PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Ligero Marta , Serna Garazi , El Nahhas Omar S.M. , Sansano Irene , Mauchanski Siarhei , Viaplana Cristina , Calderaro Julien , Toledo Rodrigo A. , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Vanguri Rami S. , Sauter Jennifer L. , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Shah Sohrab P. , Ramón y Cajal Santiago , Garralda Elena , Nuciforo Paolo , Perez-Lopez Raquel , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: January 2024

Performance overview of the model for predicting PD-L1 status and response to immunotherapy when trained on pan-cancer-VHIO cohort and validated in NSCLC-MSK. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the model to predict PD-L1 status (TPS≥1%) in the training (pan-cancer-VHIO cohort) (A) and in the test cohort (NSCLC-MSK cohort) (B) for the 5-folds cross-validation. All trained models were deployed in the test cohort. Kaplan-Meier curves for the predicted PD-L1 status (high/low) differentiates patients with longer Progression Free Survival to immunotherapy from patients with shorter survival in both pan-cancer-VHIO (C) and NSCLC-MSK cohort (D).
FIGURE 3 from Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Predicts Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumors Based on PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Ligero Marta , Serna Garazi , El Nahhas Omar S.M. , Sansano Irene , Mauchanski Siarhei , Viaplana Cristina , Calderaro Julien , Toledo Rodrigo A. , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Vanguri Rami S. , Sauter Jennifer L. , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Shah Sohrab P. , Ramón y Cajal Santiago , Garralda Elena , Nuciforo Paolo , Perez-Lopez Raquel , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: January 2024

Visualization of high and low PD-L1 score patients from the NSCLC-MSK and pan-cancer-VHIO cohort. Magnification of tumor areas with the highest attention scores for both high PD-L1 (TPS ≥ 1%) and low PD-L1 (TPS < 1%) samples from the training and validation cohort. Magnification shows that for both high and low scores the model gives more attention to tumor cells, ignoring areas of high lymphocyte density [A: tumor cells (high attention, left), lymphocytes (low attention, right); B and D: tumor cells (high attention, right), lymphocytes (low attention, left); C: tumor cells (high attention), stroma (low attention)] (Image magnification, A: 1.25×–6.12×, B:, C: 1.25×–2.5×, D: 2.5×–5.0×).
FIGURE 2 from Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Predicts Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumors Based on PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Ligero Marta , Serna Garazi , El Nahhas Omar S.M. , Sansano Irene , Mauchanski Siarhei , Viaplana Cristina , Calderaro Julien , Toledo Rodrigo A. , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Vanguri Rami S. , Sauter Jennifer L. , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Shah Sohrab P. , Ramón y Cajal Santiago , Garralda Elena , Nuciforo Paolo , Perez-Lopez Raquel , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: January 2024

Performance overview of the model for predicting PD-L1 status and response to immunotherapy in NSCLC-MSK and pan-cancer-VHIO cohort. AUC curves for the model to predict PD-L1 status (TPS ≥ 1%) in the training (NSCLC-MSK cohort; A) and in the test cohort (pan-cancer-VHIO cohort; B) for the 5-folds cross-validation. All trained models were deployed in the test cohort. Kaplan–Meier curves for the predicted PD-L1 status (high/low) from the model differentiates patients with longer PFS to immunotherapy from patients with shorter survival in both NSCLC-MSK (C) and pan-cancer-VHIO cohort (D).
FIGURE 1 from Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Predicts Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumors Based on PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Ligero Marta , Serna Garazi , El Nahhas Omar S.M. , Sansano Irene , Mauchanski Siarhei , Viaplana Cristina , Calderaro Julien , Toledo Rodrigo A. , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Vanguri Rami S. , Sauter Jennifer L. , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Shah Sohrab P. , Ramón y Cajal Santiago , Garralda Elena , Nuciforo Paolo , Perez-Lopez Raquel , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: January 2024

Overview of the study design. A, Population description of the NSCLC-MSK (training) and pan-cancer-VHIO (test) cohorts. B, Workflow of the attention-based MIL pipeline to classify PD-L1 status on IHC slides. The predicted PD-L1 status was investigated as predictive biomarker of response to immunotherapy.
Stereo object matching for mobile robot path planning using artificial fish algorithms
Authors: Mansur Andi Besse Firdausiah
Published: January 2024

The popularity of robots is on the rise, not only in industrial settings but increasingly in daily venues such as airports. Recently, some organizations have carried out experiments utilizing robots specifically created to improve airport hygiene, security, and passengers’ overall satisfaction. Furthermore, the utilization of the artificial fish (AFs) algorithm in path planning for mobile robots yielded exceptional outcomes. The robot can replicate the prey behavior of the AFs algorithm, as evidenced by the prevalence of pos one in the simulation. The robot exhibits another behavior, which is the subsequent behavior. The behavior of the AFs algorithm is influenced by the available food sources. Simultaneously, mobile robots are influenced by the stimulation of their neighboring responses. Afterwards, the three primary classifiers are employed to perform stereo-object matching on different objects. The recognition rate achieved by the AdaBoost classifier is promising, with an accuracy rate of 92.4%. This result shows excellent potential for improving the path planning of mobile robots equipped with visual surveillance systems for their surroundings.
Só há história universal das contingências: Deleuze-Guattari com Marx via Althusser e Balibar
Authors: Lemos Frederico Pacheco
Published: January 2024

Partindo da Introdução geral à crítica da economia política de Marx, Deleuze e Guattari afirmam, em O anti-Édipo, que só há história universal das contingências. O que está em jogo nessa valorização do aspecto contingente da história universal segundo a leitura deleuzo-guattariana de Marx? Nossa hipótese é a de que uma boa via para compreender o sentido desta valorização da contingência é através de um exame de alguns comentários de Althusser e Balibar à obra de Marx, em que defendem que os encontros contingentes são mais importantes do que a lógica da necessidade histórica no materialismo marxista.
República, democracia e conflito: considerações a partir de Maquiavel e Lefort
Authors: Adverse Helton
Published: January 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que o pensamento de Maquiavel, ao colocar no centro da vida política um conflito insuperável entre as partes constituintes da cidade, lança as bases para uma nova compreensão da república e da liberdade. Esta teoria dos “humores”, como ele a denominava, também lança luz sobre o dinamismo das sociedades democráticas, como podemos constatar nos trabalhos de Claude Lefort.
Os dois conceitos de liberdade e a filosofia de Isaiah Berlin
Authors: Tormin Mateus Matos
Published: January 2024

Resumo: Neste texto, esmiúça-se o conceito de liberdade na obra de Isaiah Berlin, visando inseri-lo no contexto mais amplo de sua filosofia. Essa reconstrução tem dois objetivos principais, que a justificam: (i) evidenciar a natureza predominantemente histórica (e não analítica) do projeto intelectual de Berlin; e (ii) apontar dois erros comuns na interpretação dos conceitos de “liberdade positiva” e “liberdade negativa”.
Poulain de la Barre: feminismo lógico e préciosité
Authors: Ramos Carmel da Silva
Published: January 2024

O artigo pretende aproximar as ideias protofeministas desenvolvidas pelo filósofo e teólogo francês François Poulain de la Barre (1647-1723) das estratégias de escrita formuladas pelas autoras seiscentistas da assim chamada literatura preciosa, tais como Madeleine de Scudéry (1607-1701) e Madame de Lafayette (1634-1693). Critica, para tanto, a divisão proposta por Elsa Dorlin (1974-) entre o feminismo lógico e a préciosité duplamente: através de uma reflexão mais ampla sobre os limites da separação entre filosofia e literatura e, num segundo momento, a partir da análise direta dos argumentos de Poulain. Procura, assim, demonstrar a associação possível entre a confecção de uma ordem fabulada como procedimento filosófico legítimo e o emprego da imaginação como modelo da produção literária.
Carta de Descartes a Colvius de novembro de 1640: acerca da herança agostiniana da proposição cogito, ergo sum
Authors: Coelho Rafael Teruel
Published: January 2024

Trata-se de uma tradução de uma carta que Descartes remeteu a Colviu em novembro de 1640 na qual ele delimita as diferenças entre seu cogito e o penso, logo existo de Santo Agostinho.
Espinosa e a diversidade entre estudantes do Ensino Médio
Authors: Maeso Benito
Published: January 2024

Dentro do programa curricular da Base Nacional Comum para o Ensino Médio, a promoção da ética e dos direitos humanos é uma categoria constitutiva do programa das Ciências Humanas, no geral, e da Filosofia, em particular. Com base neste pressuposto, o artigo relata uma experiência de abordagem sobre questões de etnia, gênero e sexualidade em turmas do 2º ano do Ensino Médio do IFPR, campus Colombo, a partir de uma leitura de elementos selecionados da Ética e do Tratado Teológico-Político de Espinosa. O fundamento teórico para a abordagem temática a partir do espinosismo consistiria em uma interpretação dos conceitos de Modo, Atributo e Substância, esta entendida como perfeitíssima. Se, para o autor, a Substância se mostra em diversos modos e com diversos atributos, e cada ser é modo diverso da mesma Substância, ou seja, Deus, logo: a) se o ser humano é modo da Substância e esta é perfeitíssima, não se pode dizer que aquele incorra em falta perante Deus por ser como é, e; b) se a ordem da Natureza também é perfeitíssima (pois Deus, sive Natura), diferenças de gênero, etnias, corpos e sexualidades são apenas modos do atributo extensão: afirmá-las como pecados ou falhas é dizer que a Substância não é Perfeita.
Resenha do livro When Spinoza Met Marx: Experiments in Nonhumanist Activity, de Tracie Matysik
Authors: Cabrera Pedro Henrique Almeida
Published: January 2024

Nesta resenha são apresentados alguns pontos fundamentais do livro de Tracie Matysik When Spinoza Met Marx: Experiments in Nonhumanist Activity. Na obra, a autora analisa detidamente alguns pensadores ligados à tradição alemã pós-Hegel: Heinrich Heine, Berthlod Auerbach, Moses Hess, Karl Marx, Johann Jacoby, Jakob Stern e Gueorgui Plekhanov. Seu foco é o modo como todos esses utilizaram o pensamento de Espinosa para compreender a noção de atividade e a possibilidade de transformação social. Espinosa era fundamental para o tema, pois seu pensamento permitiria unir a ação humana à sua completa determinação frente à necessidade presente na natureza, duas ideias indispensáveis para um século no qual a ciência se desenvolvia rapidamente e para um país que acabara de presenciar as revoluções nas terras vizinhas. Matysik, então, nos oferece a oportunidade de entender a riqueza do espinosismo, dadas as inúmeras possibilidades de interpretação das obras do filósofo neerlandês, utilizadas tanto para fins revolucionários quanto reformistas. Além disso, a partir da segunda metade do livro, a autora nos convoca para discutir as relações entre a filosofia da completa determinação e os movimentos com raízes no socialismo marxista, apresentando os principais problemas que surgiam - e ainda surgem - para os autores que buscavam traçar tal conexão.
Espinosa e a neurobiologia: os usos do modelo das relações corpo/mente em Changeaux, Damasio e Atlan
Authors: Jaquet Chantal , Souza Gabriel Frizzarin de
Published: January 2024

A concepção espinosista das relações entre o corpo e a mente é frequentemente apresentada como um modelo e uma referência na biologia e na neurobiologia contemporâneas, como testemunham as obras de Jean-Pierre Changeux, de Antonio Damasio ou de Henri Atlan. Apesar de suas profundas diferenças, esses pesquisadores expõem de maneira análoga três teses que fazem de Espinosa um precursor: o monismo psicofísico, a dualidade de expressão da unidade corpo/mente e a ausência de interação e de causalidade recíproca. Esse artigo se interroga sobre as razões pelas quais Espinosa é convocado por esses pesquisadores para dar apoio às suas teorias e para abordar os diferentes usos da sua concepção das relações corpo/mente. Trata-se, portanto, de examinar a maneira pela qual eles apreendem sucessivamente essas três teses e de mensurar a pertinência de suas abordagens.
شعريّة السلطة وتحوّلات الخطاب: جذور التقصيد في أراجيز النقوش الصخريّة القديمة
Authors: الشرماني فتحي أحمد صالح
Published: January 2024

المستخلص

‫تفيد هذه الدراسة من مفهوم السلطة في الدراسات الثقافيّة وبعض مقولات نظريّة الشفاهيّة في تناول جذور تقصيد القصيد التي نتتبّعها في تحوّلات الشعريّة العربيّة الأولى من الشعبيّ إلى الرسميّ، ومن الشفاهيّ إلى الكتابيّ. وذلك عن طريق نقشين صخريّين لأرجوزتي تضرُّع إلى الآلهة، يعود تاريخ تدوينهما إلى ما بين القرن الأوّل والثالث الميلاديّين؛ إذ تبيَّن أنّ كهنة المعبد أضفوا بعدًا رسميًّا سلطويًّا على الأنشودة الدينيّة، بعدم نسبتها إلى مؤلّف معيّن، وتغييب الذات المتضرّعة، وربط قداسة هذا الخطاب بأداء الطقوس المرسِّخة لسلطاتهم، والاعتماد على التعويذ والتعمية. وذلك للإيحاء بخصوصيّة الخطاب وخطورته، وما اقتضته وساطة الكاهن من تطويل نسبيّ له. واتّضح أنّ كتابة الأنشودة تحوّلٌ له أثره في تثبيت الخطاب وتنظيمه، والإنضاج المتدرّج للشكل الشعريّ، وخلق مساحة تأثير واسعة لا تزول بانتهاء الموقف الطقوسيّ، وصبغ العلاقة الروحانيّة مع الآلهة بتجربة موضوعيّة سلطويّة تكون هي القصد/الغرض الأساس الذي يجري التمهيد له بمفتتح تلطّفي يتمثّل في تحيّة الآلهة والوقوف على جماليّات المكان/المعبد.‬
Linear Time-Invariant Models of a Large Cumulus Ensemble
Authors: Kuang Zhiming
Published: January 2024

Methods in system identification are used to obtain linear time-invariant state-space models that describe how horizontal averages of temperature and humidity of a large cumulus ensemble evolve with time under small forcing. The cumulus ensemble studied here is simulated with cloud-system-resolving models in radiative–convective equilibrium. The identified models extend steady-state linear response functions used in past studies and provide accurate descriptions of the transfer function, the noise model, and the behavior of cumulus convection when coupled with two-dimensional gravity waves. A novel procedure is developed to convert the state-space models into an interpretable form, which is used to elucidate and quantify memory in cumulus convection. The linear problem studied here serves as a useful reference point for more general efforts to obtain data-driven and interpretable parameterizations of cumulus convection.
Standoff Deep Ultraviolet Raman Spectrometer for Trace Detection
Authors: Bykov Sergei V. , Asher Sanford A.
Published: January 2024

We developed a state-of-the-art, high-sensitivity, low-stray-light standoff deep-ultraviolet (DUV) Raman spectrometer for the trace detection of resonance Raman-enhanced chemical species. As an excitation source for Raman measurements, we utilized our recently developed, second-generation, miniaturized, diode-pumped, solid-state neodymium-doped gadolinium orthovanadate (Nd:GdVO4) laser that generates quasi-continuous wave 228 nm light. This 228 nm excitation enhances the Raman intensities of vibrations of NOx groups in explosive molecules, aromatic groups in biological molecules, and various aromatic hydrocarbons. Our DUV Raman spectrograph utilizes a custom DUV f/8 Cassegrain telescope with an ∼200 mm diameter primary mirror, high-efficiency DUV transmission gratings, custom DUV mirrors, and a custom 228 nm Rayleigh rejection filter. We utilized our new standoff DUV Raman spectrometer to measure high signal-to-noise ratio spectra of ∼50 μg/cm2 drop-cast explosives: ammonium nitrate (AN), trinitrotoluene, pentaerythritol tetranitrate as well as aromatic biological molecules: lysozyme, tryptophan, tyrosine, deoxycytidine monophosphate, deoxyadenosine monophosphate at an ∼3 m distance within 10–30 s accumulation times. We roughly estimate the average ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) detection limits for the relatively homogeneous drop-cast films of explosives and biological molecules to be ∼1 μg/cm2 when utilizing a continuous raster scanning that averages Raman signal over ∼1 cm2 sample area to avoid quick analyte depletion due to ultraviolet (UV) photolysis. We determined 3 m standoff UVRR detection limits for drop-cast AN films and identified factors impacting UVRR detection limits such as analyte photochemistry and analyte morphology. We found a detection limit of ∼0.5 μg/cm2 for drop-cast AN films on glass substrates when the Raman signal is averaged over ∼0.5 cm2 of sample surface using a continuous raster scan. For a step raster scan, when the probed sample area is limited to the laser spot size, the detection limit is approximately tenfold higher (∼5 μg/cm2) due to the impact of UV photochemistry.
What set some young adults apart during the COVID-19 pandemic? Mental health trajectories, risk and protective factors in an Australian longitudinal study
Authors: Donohoe-Bales Amarina , O’Dean Siobhan , Smout Scarlett , Boyle Julia , Barrett Emma , Teesson Maree , Bower Marlee
Published: January 2024

Objective:

Evidence suggests that young adults (aged 18–34) were disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but little is known about their longer-term mental health changes beyond the early pandemic period. This article investigates heterogeneous trajectories of mental health among Australian young adults across 2 years of the pandemic and identifies a broad range of associated risk and protective factors.

Method:

Young adults ( N = 653, Mage = 27.8 years) from the longitudinal Alone Together Study were surveyed biannually between July 2020 and June 2022. Measures assessed anxiety (7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale) and depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire) symptoms at Waves 1–4, as well as demographic, psychological, adversity and COVID-19 factors at baseline.

Results:

Four and three distinct trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively, were identified through growth mixture modelling. The proportion of participants in each anxiety trajectory were Asymptomatic (45.9%), Mild Stable (17.9%), Moderate–Severe Stable (31.1%) and Initially Severe/Recovering (5.1%). For depression, Mild Stable (58.3%), Moderate–Severe Stable (30.5%) and Reactive/Recovering (11.2%). Baseline factors associated with severe symptom trajectories included a lifetime mental health disorder, pre-pandemic stressful events, identifying as LGBTQIA+ and/or female, and experiencing one or more infection-control measures. Higher household income was protective.

Conclusion:

Most young adults demonstrated stable trajectories of low or high symptoms during the pandemic, with smaller groups showing initially severe or reactive symptoms followed by marked improvements over time. Vulnerable subgroups (gender- or sexuality-diverse, those with prior adversity or pre-existing mental ill-health) may face ongoing impacts and require targeted psychosocial supports to assist their mental health recovery post-COVID-19 and in the event of future crises.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Roles: Evidence From Parents and Children in Single-Parent
Authors: Wang Liling , Chen I-Jun , Yang Mengping , Shi Ying , Song Yunping
Published: January 2024

Given the current increases in the divorce rate and the number of single-parent families, the development of gender roles among children from single-parent families has received more and more attention. This study investigated how single parents influenced the formation of their children’s gender roles and family-related factors that benefited the development of gender roles in single-parent children. Through in-depth interviews with 24 pairs of parents and children from single-parent families, we investigated single parents’ and their children’s cognition on gender roles, parents’ parenting attitudes and behaviors during their children’s gender role development, and communication and interaction between parents and children. Results showed intergenerational consistency in the gender role concepts of parents and their children in single-parent families. However, the children’s gender role concepts were not completely and directly inherited from their parents, and could be affected by their subjective initiative. Additionally, single parenting did not necessarily negatively impact children’s gender role development, which depends on their parent’s parenting style. The study’s limitations are discussed, and future directions for in-depth research are suggested.
An artificial-intelligence-based petrophysical property predictor for compositional volatile oil reservoir using three-phase production data
Authors: Zhang Zhenzihao , Ertekin Turgay , Ma Xianlin , Zhan Jie
Published: January 2024

When considering multiphase flow scenarios, the interpretation of petrophysical properties poses significant challenges for production forecasts and reservoir modeling. The findings of the numerical modeling were therefore subject to uncertainty because characteristics like relative permeability and capillary pressure curve were hardly ever bound by interpretations. The uncertainty may result in inaccurate predictions of reservoir performance and skewed perceptions of the reservoir. Due to the difficulty in directly interpreting such property from the available field data and the expensive cost of coring, analyses or experimental measurements to determine relative permeability and capillary pressure were infrequently carried out. Such a gap would be filled by a straightforward yet rigorous method. In this study, we develop production projections for a wide range of three-phase compositional volatile oil reservoirs. Then, we used an artificial neural network to figure out how petrophysical characteristics and production data relate to one another. The artificial neural network model was adjusted, and the final trained model was tested blindly to determine how well it predicted permeability, multiphase relative permeability, and capillary pressure data. For the testing scenarios, consistency is seen between the predicted values and the original ones, despite some mispredictions being present. To provide production projections that can be compared to those from the reservoir model that include the initial petrophysical characteristic, the anticipated properties are then propagated into reservoir models. The comparison findings show that for 65/59/34 out of 74 testing scenarios, the reservoir model with artificial neural network-predicted features can anticipate oil/gas/water output with < 20% inaccuracy. With the developed artificial neural network tool, the reservoir engineers can evaluate the three-phase relative permeability surface from rate-transient data conveniently improving the accuracy of the relative permeability data implemented by history matching or from core experiments which sometimes are extremely expensive. The findings of this study can help for a better understanding of the relationships between three-phase rate-transient data and the relative permeability surface as well as the horizontal/vertical permeability.
Identification of L5 vertebra on lumbar spine radiographs using deep learning
Authors: Kim Jeoung Kun , Chang Min Cheol , Park Wook Tae , Lee Gun Woo
Published: January 2024

Objective

Deep learning is an advanced machine-learning approach that is used in several medical fields. Here, we developed a deep learning model using an object detection algorithm to identify the L5 vertebra on anteroposterior lumbar spine radiographs, and assessed its detection accuracy.

Methods

We retrospectively recruited 150 participants for whom both anteroposterior whole-spine and lumbar spine radiographs were available. The anteroposterior lumbar spine radiographs of these patients were used as the input data. Of the 150 images, 105 (70%) were randomly selected as the training set, and the remaining 45 (30%) were assigned to the validation set. YOLOv5x, of the YOLOv5 family model, was used to detect the L5 vertebra area.

Results

The mean average precisions 0.5 and 0.75 of the trained L5 detection model were 99.2% and 96.9%, respectively. The model’s precision was 95.7% and its recall was 97.8%. Furthermore, 93.3% of the validation data were correctly detected.

Conclusion

Our deep learning model showed an outstanding ability to identify L5 vertebrae.
Reassembling the politics of “Green” urban redevelopment in East Garfield Park: A Polanyian approach
Authors: Jon Ihnji
Published: January 2024

Spotlighting a “green building” project in Chicago (East Garfield Park), this paper explores the various cultural, geographical, and topological factors that serve to pluralize land commodification pathways. Building on the scholarship on rent capture, I re-assemble the politics of green gentrification in East Garfield Park in order to lay bare the dynamic interactions between structure (e.g. financialization of urban space), agency (e.g. expression of needs, purposes, interests), and spatial materiality (e.g. landscapes of built environment). My approach draws on Polanyian geographies, focusing in particular on plural social agencies, the impact of spatial infrastructural configurations on local politics, and the role of narrative/script-making in land development. The resulting conversation entails thicker criticism of municipal planning practices that fail to challenge the foundational assumptions of land market and property economy. Moreover, a number of implications arise from the performative political possibilities of spatial infrastructure: while broader economic structures may constrain the agency of diverse actants, spatial landscapes can nevertheless prove enabling for transformative value politics, with competing narratives on “what is the best use for the land” defying a singular ontology of land as “real-estate-land.”
Cardiogenic Shock and Utilization of Mechanical Circulatory Support in Pregnancy
Authors: O’Kelly Anna C. , Sarma Amy , Naoum Emily , Easter Sarah Rae , Economy Katherine , Ludmir Jonathan
Published: January 2024

Maternal mortality rates are rising in the United States, a trend which is in contrast to that seen in other high-income nations. Cardiovascular disease and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are consistently the leading causes of maternal mortality both in the United States and globally, accounting for about one-quarter to one-third of maternal and peripartum deaths. A large proportion of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality stems from acquired disease in the context of cardiovascular risk factors, which include obesity, pre-existing diabetes and hypertension, and inequities in care from maternal care deserts and structural racism. Patients may also become pregnant with preexisting structural heart disease, or acquire disease throughout pregnancy (ex: spontaneous coronary artery dissection, peripartum cardiomyopathy), and be at higher risk of pregnancy-related cardiovascular complications. While risk-stratification tools including the modified World Health Organization (mWHO) classification, Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy (CARPREG II) and Zwangerschap bij Aangeboren HARtAfwijking/Pregnancy in Women with Congenital Heart Disease (ZAHARA) have been designed to help physicians identify patients at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and who may therefore benefit from referral to a tertiary care center, the limitation of these scores is their predominant focus on patients with known preexisting heart disease. As such, identifying patients at risk for pregnancy complications presents a significant challenge, and it is often patients with high-risk cardiovascular substrates prior to or during pregnancy who are at a highest risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes including cardiogenic shock.
Toward the Rainbow After the Storm: Post-Traumatic Growth in Children Surviving Sexual Abuse
Authors: Sagar Rajesh , Choudhary Vandana
Published: January 2024

Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) has been conceptualized as one of the severe forms of trauma in children with adverse multidimensional consequences throughout the lifetime of an individual. A vast literature exists to enumerate the short-term and long-term impact of CSA. However, recently, it has been observed that the impact of trauma may initially be profoundly negative but may not necessarily remain a negative experience throughout life. While trauma adversely challenges one’s basic beliefs about self, others, and the world, it may at times also enhance new ways of coping with it. These positive changes that co-exist with trauma have the potential to lead to psychological growth in the child. This productive process of growth in and after trauma is conceptualized as Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG), a concept compared to a metaphorical rainbow comprising the vitalities of life forces after the storm of emotional turmoil. The article introduces the concept of PTG, elaborates on its relevance in CSA, identifies some of the factors determining PTG in CSA, and lastly highlights the importance of taking it up for further understanding in clinical practices and research studies.
Kazakhstan’s Foreign Policy in the Context of Geopolitical Turbulence
Authors: Yesdauletova Ardak , Nurdavletova Saniya , Dalelkhan Aibolat , Kenzhalina Gulsum , Aitmagambetov Duman
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the paper is to reveal the impact of the war unleashed by Russia against Ukraine on the foreign policy of Kazakhstan, as well as to consider the potential development of Kazakhstan’s relations with China, Turkey, the United States and others. Analysis, induction, deduction and synthesis serve as the main methods of research on this problem. The article discloses the problem of preservation by Kazakhstan of a multi-vector, neutral policy in relation to its partners in modern conditions. The strategic programme documents adopted by the government of Kazakhstan were also studied. The analysis of interstate trade turnover for 2022 was used to determine relations between Kazakhstan and Russia after its invasion of Ukraine. Separately, it was considered whether the Russian Federation poses a military threat to Kazakhstan. The materials of the article are of practical and theoretical value for political scientists and specialists in the field of international relations, and researchers of the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan interested in the features and aspects of the implementation of a multi-vector policy by its leadership.
Extrinsic shocks and corporate accounting behaviour: The case of the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923
Authors: Sumi Yuta , Kitaura Takashi , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Noguchi Masayoshi
Published: January 2024

This study examines how the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 influenced the depreciation disclosure practice adopted by Japanese companies in the years that followed. Prior to World War II, corporate accounting behaviour varied widely in Japan, as there were few substantive rules regulating the contents of financial statements. Assessing how a large-scale extrinsic shock such as a major earthquake affects and shapes corporate accounting practices in an unregulated disclosure environment such as this would seem important to understand the intrinsic impact of exogenous shocks. By statistically analysing the contents of 547 financial statements issued by 51 machinery, electrical and transportation equipment manufacturers during the six years from 1921 to 1926, this study shows that the substantial damage inflicted by the Great Kanto Earthquake discouraged companies from disclosing depreciation expenses by reducing or failing to recognise them at all and rendering them less important in their financial statements.
Consumption and Economic Security: A Two-Stage Conceptualization of Sustainable Homeownership in the United States
Authors: Ren Chunhui
Published: January 2024

In the present study, we propose a novel conceptualization of homeownership in the United States as a special commodity, whose consumption involves a two-stage process: homeownership entry wherein the ability to consume is pivotal, and homeownership retention wherein the outcome rests on economic security. Based on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we test this conceptualization with consumption ability being proxied by income and economic security by liquid wealth. Three hypotheses are verified: (1) income predicts first-time renters’ chance of becoming homeowners but has weakened influence on homeownership retention; (2) liquid wealth constitutes the central determinant for first-time homeowners’ ability to avoid going back to renting; and (3) nonliquid wealth fails to exhibit a significant impact on either homeownership stage. By revealing the two separate stages of different homeownership dynamics, this study is the first to systematically explore the built-in contradiction of capitalist housing markets. Policy implications are also discussed.
Pain management after total hip arthroplasty: comparative study of analgesic efficacy and tolerability between oral tramadol/dexketoprofen and injectable paracetamol + tramadol
Authors: Macheras George A , Tzefronis Dimitrios , Argyrou Chrysoula , Nikolakopoulou Elena , Gálvez Miravete Alejandro , Karachalios Thefilos S
Published: January 2024

Background:

Multimodal analgesia for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is increasingly employed to reduce early postoperative pain and promote fast patient discharge. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of tramadol/dexketoprofen (TRAM/DKP, Group A) versus paracetamol + tramadol (PARA+TRAM, Group B) in patients undergoing THA using minimally invasive direct anterior approach (DAA).

Methods:

A single-centre, randomised, single-blind, parallel, interventional study conducted in 323 patients undergoing primary THA with DAA was performed. Group A consisted of 188 patients and Group B of 135. The primary endpoints were the change from baseline (measured 2 hours postoperatively) in pain intensity (PI) during the treatment period (48 hours), assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) at pre-specified postoperative time-points (2, 8, 24, 48 hours) and the total rescue medication (RM) use during the first 24 hours postoperatively.

Results:

As early as 2 hours after baseline, Group A showed a greater PI reduction from baseline compared to Group B (−26.24% vs. −6.87%; p  < 0.001). A lower mean PI (VAS) score was consistently found over the entire observation period following treatment with TRAM/DKP than with PARA+TRAM as well as more than 2-fold higher proportion of responders at the end of treatment period. More patients in Group B required RM in comparison to those in Group A (15.6% vs. 3.7%, p  < 0.001). Both treatments were well tolerated.

Conclusions:

After THA, oral TRAM/DKP provides faster and greater pain relief when compared to intravenous PARA+TRAM with limited consumption of RM and favourable tolerability profile. Our study expands the use of TRAM/DKP in the setting of major orthopaedic surgeries.

Clinical trial registration:

clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04178109)