bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effects of orthoses on hallux valgus angle and plantar pressure in individuals with hallux valgus
Authors: Çamur Hüsnanur , Özdemir Görgü Sena
Published: December 2024

Background:

Hallux valgus (HV) is a condition characterized by the lateral deviation of the first phalanx and medial deviation of the first metatarsal, leading to subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Various orthotic applications are employed in the treatment of HV deformity. This study aimed to compare the effects of a toe separator (TS) and dynamic orthosis (DO) on hallux valgus angle (HVA), plantar pressure (PP), and quality of life (QoL).

Methods:

Thirty individuals aged between 18 and 65 years who had mild to moderate HV deformity were included in our study. Participants were randomized into TS and DO groups. Pretest and post-test evaluations at 4 weeks included goniometric measurement for HVA, PP measurement using the Sensor Medica device, QoL assessment using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society-Hallux MTP-IP Scale and Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire, and numerical evaluation scale for orthosis satisfaction.

Results:

No statistically significant changes were observed in HVA measurements (p > 0.05). In the DO group, significant differences were observed in PP assessment for right rearfoot loading (p = 0.048) and total average pressure measurement of the right foot (p = 0.025). QoL assessments were observed significant differences in the DO group compared with the TS group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

After a 4-week period of wearing the TS and DO orthoses, no change in HVA was observed. In the DO group, a more balanced load distribution between the right and left foot (50.2% left, 49.8% right) and a more pronounced effect in reducing deformity-related pain and improving QoL by increasing functionality were noted.
SoK: Intelligent Detection for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome(PCOS)
Authors: Li Meng , He Zanxiang , Nie Liming , Shi Liyun , Lin Mengyuan , Li Minge , Cheng Yanjun , Liu Hongwei , Xue Lei
Published: December 2024

Abstract Figure

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

Conducted a systematic review of the existing literature, focusing on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome intelligent detection, and constructed the comprehensive taxonomy for PCOS detection features to date, providing a standardized reference for future research.

Systematically evaluated the capabilities and limitations of current intelligent PCOS detection tools, offering valuable guidance for the development of more efficient and accurate tools.

Thoroughly analyzed the current status of 12 publicly available datasets used for PCOS detection, providing clear directions for future dataset development in this field.

Made the analysis results publicly available, providing data resources and references for researchers, with the aim of advancing the field of intelligent PCOS detection.

Recent research in the field of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) detection has increasingly utilized intelligent algorithms for automated diagnosis. These intelligent PCOS detection methods can assist doctors in diagnosing patients earlier and more efficiently, thereby improving the accuracy of diagnosis. However, there are notable barriers in the field of intelligent PCOS detection, including the lack of a standardized taxonomy for features, inadequate research on the current status of available datasets, and insufficient understanding of the capabilities of existing intelligent detection tools. To overcome these barriers, we propose for the first time an analytical framework for the current status of PCOS diagnostic research and construct a comprehensive taxonomy of detection features, encompassing 110 features across eight categories. This taxonomy has been recognized by industry experts. Based on this taxonomy, we analyze the capabilities of current intelligent detection tools and assess the status of available datasets. The results indicate that 12 publicly available datasets, the overall coverage rate is only 52% compared to the known 110 features, with a lack of multimodal datasets, outdated updates and unclear license information. These issues directly impact the detection capabilities of the tools. Furthermore, among the 45 detection tools require substantial computational resources, lack multimodal data processing capabilities, and have not undergone clinical validation. Based on these findings, we highlight future challenges in this domain. This study provides critical insights and directions for PCOS intelligent detection field.
Mapping the healthcare logistics and supply chain management in times of crisis
Authors: Raj Rohit , Kumar Vimal , Singh Arpit , Verma Pratima
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between patient satisfaction (PS) and the parameters in healthcare and supply chain management (HLSCM).

Design/methodology/approach

The structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method have been employed to identify correlation and possible configuration of causal factors that influence PS, including lack of resilience (LS), lack of visibility (LV), cost management (CM) and integration and interoperability (II).

Findings

The results from SEM confirmed that PS is highly correlated with lack of visibility, CM and II as critical parameters. Moreover, fsQCA findings state that the configuration of high levels of both resilience and lack of visibility, as well as high levels of II, are crucial for PS.

Research limitations/implications

The researchers also identified the configuration of factors that lead to low PS. The study’s results could assist healthcare providers in improving their supply chain operations, resulting in more effective and efficient healthcare service delivery and ultimately improving PS.

Originality/value

The fsQCA method used in the study provides a more nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between these factors. The inclusion of supply chain management characteristics as parameters in the evaluation of PS is a novel aspect of this research. Previous studies largely focused on more traditional factors such as physical care, waiting times and hospital amenities. By considering supply chain management factors, this study provides insights into an under-explored area of PS research, which has important implications for healthcare providers looking to improve their operations and PS.
Research on the spatial effect of local government competition on urban–rural income gap in China
Authors: Le Xiaobing , Aralas Sarma Binti
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The rural revitalization is a significant indicator of social development in China. Despite the crucial role that local governments play in coordinating urban and rural development, rural areas continue to face limited investment opportunities and scholarship on the impact of local government competition on urban–rural income disparity is scant, especially lacking empirical research from the spatial perspective. The authors contribute to closing the knowledge gap by exploring the spatial spillover effect of local government competition using the sample of China.

Design/methodology/approach

This study evaluated the urban–rural income inequality using the Theil index and constructed the spatial Durbin model to analyze the data by the method of maximum likelihood estimation.

Findings

The findings from the Theil index showed that the income gap is significant between city and countryside in China, with being wider in the western region compared to the eastern region. The evidence from the spatial Durbin model revealed that, in the same province, local government competition widens this gap, while competition from neighboring regions prompts a reduction in this gap in this province.

Practical implications

The authors recommended some policy implications, such as supporting the development in underdeveloped regions and improving the promotion evaluation criteria for local officials.

Originality/value

This article is original in exploring the spatial effects of local government competition on the urban–rural income gap. In addition, instead of using a single proxy to measure the urban–rural income gap, in the current paper, the Theil index for evaluating the disparity is incorporated.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-07-2023-0582
Reimagining it consumerization in the age of social media: shifting conceptual boundaries illustrated with TikTok
Authors: Odei-Appiah Solomon , Adu-Mensah Emmanuel
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Digital technologies are swiftly reshaping Information Systems (IS) and redefining its boundaries. This paper aims to introduce “Information Systems (IS) Consumerization” to replace the traditional terminology Information Technology (IT) Consumerization. It emphasizes user-generated content, seamless technology integration and user-driven social interactions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper built on Lee, Thomas and Baskerville’s IS artifact framework and used deductive analysis to derive richer insights.

Findings

This study uncovered a comprehensive viewpoint that highlights how users actively shape technology, content and social dynamics, bridging the gap in IT consumerization discussions often limited to hardware and software.

Originality/value

The study proposes a unique framework titled “IS Consumerization Conception” which consist of Three Pillars: a) Technology Consumerization; b) Socialization Consumerization and c) Content Consumerization and their sub-elements. The introduction of this framework unites academia and practical understanding, enriching our grasp of technology, content, social interactions and the ever-evolving digital landscape.
The moderating role of sales managers’ political skill in lessening the impact of bottom-line mentality on emotional exhaustion of salespeople
Authors: Pandey Arti , Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the impact of the bottom-line mentality (BLM) of sales managers on the emotional exhaustion of salespeople, and also examines its subsequent impact on the affective organizational commitment of salespeople. This research also analyzes whether the effect of the BLM of sales managers on the emotional exhaustion of salespeople could be lessened when the sales managers exhibit political skill.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used self-administered paper questionnaires to collect multisource survey data from 245 salespeople and their sales managers working at 50 export firms in Thailand. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used as the method for statistical data analysis.

Findings

This research obtains evidence to support the impact that the perceived BLM of sales managers has on the emotional exhaustion of salespeople, which in turn lowers the affective organizational commitment of salespeople. Moreover, the evidence also supported the moderating effect of sales managers’ political skill which lessens the impact of perceived BLM on the emotional exhaustion of salespeople.

Social implications

While the focus on the bottom line is crucial for firms, management must be sensitive toward the psychological impacts it might potentially have on employees in the long run. To achieve sustainable development, the management should not prioritize financial objectives over the well-being of its employees, as this could potentially undermine employees’ commitment to the organization and ultimately affect overall productivity.

Originality/value

This study helps scholars gain more understanding about the role of the political skill of the manager that could interact with their BLM to minimize its negative impact on employees’ emotional exhaustion.
Prebiotics and vitamins enhance gut barrier in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Kaushal Deepti , Kalsi Gurpreet
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Intestinal mucosa functions as a specialized permeable barrier, facilitating nutrient absorption and safeguarding against external influences. Gut barrier serves as a channel of communication between gastrointestinal and bodily processes. Research investigations have postulated that enhancing gut barrier through microbiota could potentially enhance overall well-being. Hence, this intervention study was designed to assess whether intervention of microbiota modulators delivers intestinal and extra-intestinal benefits.

Design/methodology/approach

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was devised to examine the impact of two doses (1.5 and 3 g) of intervention, comprising prebiotics and vitamins on gut barrier indicators (faecal IgA and calprotectin) and microbiota markers (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) of healthy human subjects. In addition, cholera vaccine challenge test was conducted to assess the influence of the barrier improvement on the mucosal response to a stressor.

Findings

After two weeks of intervention, prebiotics and vitamins resulted in a significant (p = 0.04) enhancement of faecal IgA levels compared to placebo. This enhancement coincided with an increase in levels of faecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. A significant (p < 0.001) reduction in faecal calprotectin levels was observed in both intervention groups at the end of intervention, compared to placebo. Following cholera vaccine challenge, a markedly (p < 0.03) heightened response was documented in intervention groups.

Research limitations/implications

This study illustrated that combination of prebiotics and vitamins could effectively modulate gut barrier and microbiota markers in healthy individuals, which contribute to a good gut health. These findings establish a foundation for delivering optimal bodily functions dwelling from a healthy gut.

Originality/value

This is one of its kind study which has probed into the physiological response with improvement in gut health markers.
Exploring factors influencing perceived e-learning quality in foreign language education: insights from Morocco
Authors: Elansari Hanane , Laachach Abderrahim
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the key factors influencing the perceived quality of e-learning services in foreign language training at higher education institutions in Morocco.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative methodology was used, involving semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders, including students, instructors and administrators. The data collected were analyzed using NVivo software to identify themes and patterns related to the perceived quality of e-learning services.

Findings

The findings indicate a significant relationship between several factors – such as content relevance, user engagement and technical support – and the perceived quality of e-learning systems. Notably, the implementation of external e-learning platforms has not sufficiently addressed the diverse needs of students, particularly concerning individualized content delivery.

Practical implications

The study emphasizes the necessity for educational institutions to review their content and management strategies to better meet learners’ needs and improve overall satisfaction with e-learning services.

Originality/value

This lack of personalization has implications for student commitment and engagement. This research contributes to the existing literature by focusing on the Moroccan context and highlighting specific challenges and opportunities within e-learning for foreign language education.
Extending Fundamental Cause Theory to Holistic Health
Authors: Nousak Samantha
Published: December 2024

Fundamental Cause Theory (FCT) offers a unique middle range and longitudinal understanding of the lasting social causational relationships between certain social conditions and disease/death. In this research note, I argue that FCT should extend its outcome measures beyond physical disease and death into holistic health. I briefly review how FCT is evaluated, explore the proposed extension and discuss some operational and conceptual challenges using mental illness and positive mental health outcomes as exemplars. I conclude by discussing the benefits of extending FCT for 1) the theory's own validity, 2) social health inequalities research more broadly, and 3) public health policy.
The social life of creative methods: Filmmaking, fabulation and recovery
Authors: Vitellone Nicole , Theodoropoulou Lena , Manchot Melanie
Published: December 2024

In this article we consider the theoretical and methodological implications of Deleuzian fabulation for research on recovery from drugs and alcohol as an alternative way of making and doing methods in sociology. The article draws on data produced as part of an ongoing interdisciplinary research collaboration, begun in 2019, with the visual artist and filmmaker Melanie Manchot, social scientists Nicole Vitellone and Lena Theodoropoulou, and people in recovery from drugs and alcohol engaged in the production of Manchot’s first feature film STEPHEN. This project attends to the methodological practice of filmmaking as a way of thinking with and alongside colleagues from divergent disciplines about the role of methods, concepts and practices for confronting and resisting processes of stigmatisation. Investigating the research participants’ engagement with Manchot’s filmmaking practices in STEPHEN as a way to tell stories otherwise, our goal is to engage the social life of creative methods and in doing so, propose an alternative narrative of recovery. In this investigation, we use the term fabulation as developed by Deleuze. In Cinema II, Deleuze makes a distinction between the cinema of reality, where storytelling derives from the camera’s objective gaze and a given character’s subjective actions, and cinema verité where the boundaries between fiction and reality are blurred. In cinema verité, the camera is not an objective observer but an active producer that keeps reminding the viewer that the on‐screen characters are neither fully real, nor fictional. Attending to Deleuze’s description of fabulation as it emerges through this process of challenging the existence of ‘real’ identities in cinema, and beyond, we investigate the use of cinematic devices and fabulative processes of filmmaking in the production of STEPHEN. In doing so, the article develops a methodological account of the activity of fabulation as a material and embodied practice that resists processes of stigmatisation. Through this interdisciplinary project, we propose a new arts‐based research agenda which points to the ways in which fabulation as a minor mode of recovery concerns an engagement with the creation of a people to come.
Beverages developed from pseudocereals (quinoa, buckwheat, and amaranth): Nutritional and functional properties
Authors: Li Hang , Zhu Fan , Li Guantian
Published: December 2024

The rising global demand for nutritious, sustainable, and plant‐based beverages has catalyzed interest in pseudocereal‐based products, offering an innovative alternative to traditional cereals. Pseudocereals such as quinoa, buckwheat, and amaranth are valued for their exceptional nutritional profiles, including high‐quality proteins, dietary fibers, and bioactive compounds. This review explores the development of pseudocereal‐based beverages, emphasizing their potential as milk alternatives, fermented drinks, and beer products. The fermentation process enhances their nutritional value, bioavailability, and sensory attributes, while also reducing antinutritional factors like phytates and saponins. Moreover, these beverages exhibit promising health benefits, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive effects. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of pseudocereal‐based beverages from regulatory considerations to production processes, highlighting the potential of these ancient grains in reshaping the beverage industry while addressing modern nutritional needs. Future research directions on pseudocereal‐based beverages are also suggested.
An overview of the nutritional quality and health benefits linked to the world diversity of citrus fruits/juices
Authors: Dhuique‐Mayer Claudie , Servent Adrient
Published: December 2024

Citrus juices represent a nutrient‐dense beverage due to the remarkable balance in their bioactive compounds (vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, and phytochemicals such as flavonoids and carotenoids). This review aims to examine the nutritional quality and the health benefits of citrus juice consumption linked to the world diversity of citrus fruits. This work provides heterogenous data found on the main citrus bioactive compounds, especially carotenoids and flavonoids, which are difficult to correlate to particular geographic areas. Through an example of study, this work addresses the question of how and to what extent the content of citrus bioactive compounds is linked to the health benefits observed in humans. We explore through the more recent human clinical trials, the health effects of consuming citrus fruit or taking dietary supplements of bioactive compounds to prevent the exponential increase of world chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity) and discuss the effects of dose. Finally, even if the data highlight the importance of geographical origin in accumulation of carotenoids or flavonoids from different Citrus species, the difference of content in front of the complex human metabolism of their absorption has lesser consequences for health than the fact of consuming citrus or not. The citrus health effect results in a synergistic action of numerous phytochemicals whose targeted health benefits vary depending more on the diversity of Citrus species than their geographic origin. Therefore, the use of the diversity of Citrus species could be an interesting approach to providing functional food.
Construction of chitosan hydrochloride‐carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles using anti‐solvent method for the co‐delivery of puerarin and resveratrol
Authors: Wang Zi‐Xuan , Wang Yi‐Zhen , Chen Xiao , Wu An‐Ji , Liu Wei , Li Hui‐Jing
Published: December 2024

The applications of resveratrol (RES) and puerarin (PUE) with notable physiological functions are greatly limited in functional food and pharmaceutical industries due to their poor water solubility and chemical instability. Accordingly, co‐loading of RES and PUE into chitosan‐based nanoparticles (NPs) is performed here by an anti‐solvent method to improve their bioavailability. The fabricated NPs at 8:1 mass ratio of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) to chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) with the particle size of 375.1 nm and zeta potential of +36.5 mV showed encouraging encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity at 85.2% (RES), 89.5% (PUE), and 15.5%. The microstructure of core–shell CMC–CHC was confirmed through dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Molecular docking and storage stability indicating the more beneficial encapsulation of chitosan derivatives to PUE in comparison to RES. Cellular antioxidant activity experiments showed that the bioactivities of PUE/RES after loading with 20 and 40 mg·mL−1 were improved by 13.2% and 18.5%, respectively, with respect to free ones. Therefore, RES/PUE‐loaded CHC–CMC NPs were successfully prepared in this study, thus significantly improving the RES and PUE bioavailability and promoting their applications in functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
Composition, microstructure, rheology, and meltdown behavior of commercial nondairy frozen desserts
Authors: Freire Dieyckson O. , Atik Didem Sözeri , Gladem Payton M. , Rankin Scott A. , Hartel Richard W.
Published: December 2024

The demand for nondairy and plant‐based products has increased, but there is still a need for more information about and improvement in these products, especially when it comes to frozen desserts. Similar to ice cream, which simultaneously is an emulsion, dispersion, and foam, nondairy frozen desserts also have a complex structure. As a starting point, 15 commercial nondairy frozen desserts, marketed as offering an ice cream‐like experience, were purchased and evaluated for compositional, physical, structural, rheological, and meltdown properties. The correlations between the parameters of these characteristics were also studied. The parameters with the greatest variability in percentage terms for each property after melt‐down were fat content ranging from 3.8% to 18.6%, surface tension from 26.4 to 45.4 mN·m−1, fat destabilization from 3.6% to 94.4%, yield stress from 0.0 to 25.2 Pa, and final height from 0% to 77.3%. Interestingly, the maximum overrun found was about 82%, considered low compared to economy dairy ice creams. The fat content was the most significant parameter that influenced drip‐through rate, height change rate, and final height. Additionally, yield stress was the only rheological parameter that correlated with the meltdown behavior, which affected only one of them, the induction time. Therefore, in the meltdown profile, the lag phase was driven by yield stress, while the fast‐melting phase and the plateau phase were influenced by the fat content. Moreover, four samples presented uncommon drip‐though curves, which were visually recorded. This study offers a baseline understanding of the compositional, structural, rheological, and melting characteristics of commercial nondairy frozen desserts available in the United States.

Practical Application

The compositional, microstructural, rheological, and meltdown characteristics of nondairy frozen desserts available in the US market were evaluated. The information can be used for industry research and development, understanding the challenges, and advancing knowledge regarding nondairy frozen desserts.
Preservative effects and mechanism of condensed tannins from Cercis chinensis Bunge leaves on fresh‐cut lotus root
Authors: Jian Yanbo , Xiao Xiaoxue , Qian Xufeng , Liang Meng , Chen Hui , Song Wei
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the potential of condensed tannins isolated from Cercis chinensis Bunge leaves as natural preservatives for fruits and vegetables. The research demonstrated that C. chinensis leaves condensed tannins (CLCT) significantly delay the browning process and reduce nutritional loss in fresh‐cut lotus roots. Prodelphinidins were identified as the primary component of CLCT through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography analyses, with minor proportions of procyanidins and high levels of galloylation. The structural units predominantly consisted of (epi)gallocatechin. CLCT exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against tyrosinase, which may involve interactions with copper ions at the enzyme's active site and alterations in enzyme conformation, resulting in reversible inhibition. Additionally, CLCT displayed remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial properties, effectively scavenging 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'‐ azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radicals and significantly inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, the potential of CLCT as a natural preservative and tyrosinase inhibitor underscores its promising application in preserving fruits and vegetables.
Cytotoxicity and Bone Biocompatibility of the C‐Root SP Experimental Root Canal Sealer
Authors: Yang Xiliang , Xia Lingyun , Chen Yongji , Jiang Lei , Zheng Tianxia , Bai Yuhong
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a new strontium silicate‐based root canal sealer (C‐Root SP), in comparison with those of iRoot SP and AH plus. The sealer extract was diluted to the concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. L929 cells were cultured for 24 h, and the absorbance value was determined. Two‐way analysis of variance (two‐way ANOVA) and sealers were implanted in the tibia of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, At 2, 6, and 12 weeks, rats were euthanised. The tissue reaction was evaluated by HE staining. The least significant difference (LSD) t‐test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used. The cytotoxicity of C‐Root SP and iRoot SP was found to be less than that of AH plus. At 12 weeks, new bone formation was induced around C‐Root SP and iRoot SP sealer, but minimal evidence of bone formation was found in AH plus. C‐Root SP has low cytotoxicity and superior biocompatibility.
Normative prospective data on automatically quantified retinal morphology correlated to retinal function in healthy ageing eyes by two microperimetry devices
Authors: Birner Klaudia , Coulibaly Leonard M. , Schrittwieser Johannes , Steiner Irene , Mohamed Hamza , Schürer‐Waldheim Simon , Gumpinger Markus , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula , Reiter Gregor S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The relationship between retinal morphology, as assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and retinal function in microperimetry (MP) has not been well studied, despite its increasing importance as an essential functional endpoint for clinical trials and emerging therapies in retinal diseases. Normative databases of healthy ageing eyes are largely missing from literature.

Methods

Healthy subjects above 50 years were examined using two MP devices, MP‐3 (NIDEK) and MAIA (iCare). An identical grid, encompassing 45 stimuli was used for retinal sensitivity (RS) assessment. Deep‐learning‐based algorithms performed automated segmentation of ellipsoid zone (EZ), outer nuclear layer (ONL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) from OCT volumes (Spectralis, Heidelberg). Pointwise co‐registration between each MP stimulus and corresponding location on OCT was performed via registration algorithm. Effect of age, eccentricity and layer thickness on RS was assessed by mixed effect models.

Results

Three thousand six hundred stimuli from twenty eyes of twenty patients were included. Mean patient age was 68.9 ± 10.9 years. Mean RS for the first exam was 28.65 ± 2.49 dB and 25.5 ± 2.81 dB for MP‐3 and MAIA, respectively. Increased EZ thickness, ONL thickness and GCL thickness were significantly correlated with increased RS (all p < 0.001). Univariate models showed lower RS with advanced age and higher eccentricity (both p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This work provides reference values for healthy age‐related EZ and ONL‐thicknesses without impairment of visual function and evidence for RS decrease with eccentricity and increasing age. This information is crucial for interpretation of future clinical trials in disease.
How and When Does Unethical Pro‐Organizational Behavior Lead to Organizational Deviance? A Moderated Dual‐Path Model
Authors: Wang Taolin , Qu Hao , Zhang Guanglei , Zhou Hao , Chen Fengwen , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2024

Previous research on the detrimental consequences of employees' unethical pro‐organizational behaviors (UPB) has been based mainly on cognitive dissonance theory. The authors suggest that moral disengagement theory and cognitive dissonance theory can be used to explain the negative effects of UPB. We conducted two studies, including a scenario experiment and a survey, to test the mediating roles of moral identity and moral disengagement and the moderating role of performance pressure in the relationship between UPB and organizational deviance. The results revealed that UPB impacts organizational deviance through moral identity and moral disengagement and that distinct psychological reactions are differentially moderated by performance pressure. Employees who face low levels of performance pressure are more receptive to the effects of moral identity; in contrast, employees who face high levels of performance pressure are more receptive to the effects of moral disengagement. The theoretical and managerial implications of this research are discussed.
Assessing student perceptions and use of instructor versus AI‐generated feedback
Authors: Er Erkan , Akçapınar Gökhan , Bayazıt Alper , Noroozi Omid , Banihashem Seyyed Kazem
Published: December 2024

Despite the growing research interest in the use of large language models for feedback provision, it still remains unknown how students perceive and use AI‐generated feedback compared to instructor feedback in authentic settings. To address this gap, this study compared instructor and AI‐generated feedback in a Java programming course through an experimental research design where students were randomly assigned to either condition. Both feedback providers used the same assessment rubric, and students were asked to improve their work based on the feedback. The feedback perceptions scale and students' laboratory assignment scores were compared in both conditions. Results showed that students perceived instructor feedback as significantly more useful than AI feedback. While instructor feedback was also perceived as more fair, developmental and encouraging, these differences were not statistically significant. Importantly, students receiving instructor feedback showed significantly greater improvements in their lab scores compared to those receiving AI feedback, even after controlling for their initial knowledge levels. Based on the findings, we posit that AI models potentially need to be trained on data specific to educational contexts and hybrid feedback models that combine AI's and instructors' strengths should be considered for effective feedback practices.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Feedback is crucial for student learning in programming education.

Providing detailed personalised feedback is challenging for instructors.

AI‐powered solutions like ChatGPT can be effective in feedback provision.

Existing research is limited and shows mixed results about AI‐generated feedback.

What this paper adds

The effectiveness of AI‐generated feedback was compared to instructor feedback.

Both feedback types received positive perceptions, but instructor feedback was seen as more useful.

Instructor feedback led to greater score improvements in the programming task.

Implications for practice and/or policy

AI should not be the sole source of feedback, as human expertise is crucial.

AI models should be trained on context‐specific data to improve feedback actionability.

Hybrid feedback models should be considered for a scalable and effective approach.
Agonists of the opioid δ‐receptor improve irritable bowel syndrome‐like symptoms via the central nervous system
Authors: Yoshioka Toshinori , Kimiki Sayaka , Yamazaki Mayuna , Hamano Takumi , Ou Mizuki , Ode Yumi , Ehara Rui , Kajino Keita , Kasai Satoka , Yoshizawa Kazumi , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Yamada Daisuke , Nagase Hiroshi , Saitoh Akiyoshi
Published: December 2024

Background and Purpose

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition that is challenging to treat, and novel drugs are needed for this condition. Previously, a chronic vicarious social defeat stress (cVSDS) mouse model exhibits IBS‐like symptoms. Also agonists of the opioid δ‐receptor exert anti‐stress effects in rodents with minimal adverse effects. Here, we evaluated the effects of δ‐receptor agonists on the IBS‐like symptoms in cVSDS mice.

Experimental Approach

cVSDS mice (male C57BL/6J mice) were prepared following a 10‐day exposure to witness of social defeat stress. Subsequently, intestinal peristaltic motility and abdominal hyperalgesia were evaluated using the charcoal meal test (CMT) and capsaicin‐induced hyperalgesia test (CHT), respectively. Extracellular glutamate levels were measured using in vivo brain microdialysis. The drug was singly administrated 30 min before testing.

Key Results

In cVSDS mice, systemic (10 mg kg−1) and intracerebroventricular (30 nmol) administration of a δ‐receptor agonist regulated intestinal peristalsis in the CMT and relieved abdominal pain in the CHT. Effects of systemic administration were blocked by intracerebroventricular injection of a δ‐receptor inhibitor. Local infusion of the δ‐receptor agonist (0.6 nmol) into the insular cortex improved cVSDS‐induced intestinal hypermotility. The in vivo brain microdialysis study showed that re‐exposure to VSDS elevated the extracellular glutamate levels in the IC, which was restored by the δ‐receptor agonist.

Conclusions and Implications

We propose that agonists of opioid δ‐receptors are potential drugs for the radical treatment of IBS because they can ameliorate IBS‐like symptoms via the CNS, specifically the insular cortex.
Impact of Race on the Outcomes of Retinoblastoma Treated With Primary Enucleation: A Global Study of 1426 Patients
Authors: Kaliki Swathi , Vempuluru Vijitha S. , Ahmad Alia , Berry Jesse L. , Diaz‐Coronado Rosdali , Eiger‐Moscovich Maya , Fabian Ido Didi , Grossniklaus Hans , Baker Hubbard G. , Mohammad Mona , Pe'er Jacob , Reddy M. Ashwin , Sagoo Mandeep S. , Shields Carol L. , Staffieri Sandra E. , Tanabe Mika , Ushakova Tatiana , Yousef Yacoub A. ,   High‐Risk Retinoblastoma Collaborative Study Group
Published: December 2024

Background

To evaluate the clinical presentation, pathological features and outcomes of retinoblastoma based on the race of origin in a global cohort of patients.

Methods

Retrospective collaborative study of 1426 patients who underwent primary enucleation for retinoblastoma.

Results

Patients were grouped into Caucasians (n = 231, 16%), Asians (n = 841, 59%), Hispanics (n = 226, 16%), Arabs (n = 96, 7%) and Others (Africans, African Americans, Indigenous Australians; n = 32, 2%) cohorts. On histopathology, massive choroidal invasion was higher in Asians (30%) and Hispanics (26%) than Caucasians (15%, p < 0.001). Post‐laminar optic nerve invasion was higher in Asians (28%), Hispanics (20%) and Others (9%) than Caucasians (11%, p < 0.001). At a mean follow‐up of 41 months (median, 35 months; range, < 1–149 months), tumour recurrence and metastasis‐related death was higher in Hispanics (9% and 12%, respectively), Asians (4% and 13%, respectively) and Others (6% and 6%, respectively). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis of outcomes based on race with 8th edition AJCC pT stage and adjuvant therapy as covariates revealed 6.8 times greater risk for orbital tumour recurrence in Hispanics compared to Caucasians (p = 0.010) and 3.2 times risk hazards for metastasis‐related death in Hispanics and Asians compared to Caucasians (p = 0.028 and p = 0.038, respectively).

Conclusion

The histopathological features in primarily enucleated eyes with retinoblastoma vary with race. Despite adjusting for tumour staging and adjuvant treatment, race remains an independent predictor of outcomes, including orbital tumour recurrence and metastasis‐related death. A stringent follow‐up and a more aggressive treatment approach is recommended in Asians and Hispanics who manifest high‐risk histopathological features.
Outliers of Treatment Frequency in Retinal Vein Occlusion: 24‐Month Comparative Analysis of Fight Retinal Blindness! Practitioners
Authors: Ponsioen Theodorus , Hashimoto Yohei , Invernizzi Alessandro , Gabrielle Pierre‐Henry , Lavid Francisco Javier , Mehta Hemal , Silva Rufino , Jaross Nandor , Squirrell David , O'Toole Louise , Kusenda Pavol , Barthelmes Daniel , Gillies Mark , Hunt Adrian
Published: December 2024

Background

We aimed to describe a 2‐year outcome of eyes managed by practitioners benchmarked using a funnel plot by their frequency of treatment using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors for naive retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods

A multicentre, international, observational study of 29 doctors in 12 countries managing 1110 eyes with RVO commencing VEGF inhibitors between 1 January 2012–2022 tracked in the Fight Retinal Blindness! registry.

Results

We identified 3 outlying ‘intensive’ practitioners (managing 350/1110 eyes [32%]), 22 ‘typical’ practitioners (604/1110, [54%]) and 4 outlying ‘relaxed’ practitioners (156/1110, [14%]) with respective 24‐month outcomes in Branch and Central RVO including the primary outcome, mean adjusted change in visual acuity (VA) in BRVO: +16.2, +13.6, +9.3 letters (p < 0.01) and CRVO: +14.2, +12.7, +4.8 letters (p < 0.01); adjusted change in macular thickness in BRVO −179, −150, −159 μm (p < 0.01) and CRVO −324, −283, −232 μm (p < 0.01); time‐in‐range with VA > 68 letters in BRVO 90, 78, 68 weeks (p < 0.01) and CRVO 69, 60, 54 weeks (p = 0.04); median injections 18, 13 and 10; median final injection intervals, BRVO 6, 9, 10 weeks and CRVO 6, 9 and 12 weeks; with no significant difference in adverse outcomes.

Conclusions

At 24 months, the intensive practitioners were treating RVO using VEGF inhibitors with twice the frequency of the relaxed practitioners; however, their patients had gained twice (BRVO) to three times (CRVO) more letters of VA.
One or More Payers for Healthcare Financing: The Experience From Poland and Czechia
Authors: Bialynicki‐Birula Pawel , Burianová Lucie , Klich Jacek , Mertl Jan , Šimčík Adam
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on circumstances and consequences of health payers' configuration in Poland and Czechia since the 1990s. It aims to identify the differences in healthcare financing between the two neighboring countries that had started from a similar position, but eventually incorporated different arrangements of payers. The paper conducts comparative analysis of four distinctive elements: the configuration of contracting and payment methods, the power of the payers, coverage and contributions, and the dominant anchor's search attempts. The results map the evolution of healthcare in both countries with a focus on the payers' role, show the payers' economic position and behavior to providers, citizens and health policy authorities. Polish single‐payer system was identified as cheaper and more effective for administratively based expenditure control, while the Czech multipayer one showed higher institutional stability and a wider coverage paid by public health insurance. The paper brings an empirical assessment of existing theoretical knowledge concerning the options for a payers' configuration, demonstrating that the choice and adjustments thereof are country‐specific and depend on the preferred priorities of health policy.
From spastic paraplegia to infantile neurodegenerative disorder: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum associated with biallelic SPAST variants
Authors: Degoutin Manon , Angelini Chloé , Bar Claire , El Khedoud Wahiba Amer , Barnerias Christine , Boulariah‐Hadjou Razika , Estiar Mehrdad A. , Ewenczyk Claire , Gan‐Or Ziv , Lacombe Didier , Lefeuvre Claire , Majethia Purvi , Messaoud‐Khelifi Mouna , Narayanan Dhanya Lakshmi , Rouleau Guy A. , Suchowersky Oksana , Shukla Anju , Guillaud‐Bataille Marine , Stevanin Giovanni , Goizet Cyril
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Heterozygous pathogenic variants in SPAST are known to cause Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia 4 (SPG4), the most common form of HSP, characterized by progressive bilateral lower limbs spasticity with frequent sphincter disorders. However, there are very few descriptions in the literature of patients carrying biallelic variants in SPAST.

Methods

Targeted Sanger sequencing, panel sequencing and exome sequencing were used to identify the genetic causes in 9 patients from 6 unrelated families with symptoms of HSP or infantile neurodegenerative disorder.

Results

We describe 5 patients with pure HSP with a variable age of onset, mostly in infancy, and 4 patients with profound intellectual disability and progressively worsening tetrapyramidal syndrome. The patients' parents, heterozygous carriers of pathogenic SPAST variants, included both asymptomatic carriers and patients with classic forms of SPG4.

Conclusion

Biallelic variants of SPAST may explain cases of hereditary spastic paraplegia with autosomal recessive inheritance. Furthermore, some biallelic variants may also cause psychomotor regression with an infantile neurodegenerative disorder, associated with a tetrapyramidal syndrome, a new phenotype associated with the SPAST gene.
Global, regional, and national burdens of intracerebral hemorrhage and its risk factors from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Song Dengpan , Xu Dingkang , Li Mengyuan , Wang Fang , Feng Mengzhao , Badr Ahmed , Rigamonti Daniele , Cistola David , Yan Dongming , Zhang Jun , Guo Fuyou
Published: December 2024

Background and Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) burden in 204 countries and territories worldwide from 1990 to 2021, disaggregated by sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI) at the global, regional, and country levels.

Methods

Data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) were used to calculate age‐standardized prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), death (ASDR), and disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) rates for ICH. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to assess time patterns. The Bayesian age–period–cohort (BAPC) model was employed to predict future ICH burden.

Results

In 2021, the global ICH burden remained high, with a total of 16.6 million cases and an ASPR of 194.51 cases per 100,000 people. The ASIR was 40.83 cases per 100,000 people, the ASDR was 39.09 cases per 100,000 people, and the age‐standardized DALY rate was 923.64 per 100,000 people. The low‐SDI regions had the highest ASPR, ASIR, ASDR, and DALY rates. Geographically, western sub‐Saharan Africa had the highest ASPR, Central Asia had the highest ASIR, and Oceania had the highest ASDR and DALY rates. High systolic blood pressure was the leading risk factor for ICH death, contributing to 57.9% of global fatalities.

Conclusion

Despite the decline in the ASIR, there is an ongoing increase in the absolute number of ICH cases, with significant differences observed across age, sex, region, country, and SDI. More attention and emphasis should be placed on improving the ICH burden in low‐SDI areas.
Histone Deacetylase 9 Deletion Inhibits Hepatic Steatosis and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Male Diet‐Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Hu Siqi , Kang Hyunju , Bae Minkyung , Kim Mi‐Bo , Jang Hyungryun , Corvino Olivia , Pham Tho X. , Lee Yoojin , Smyth Joan A. , Park Young‐Ki , Lee Ji‐Young
Published: December 2024

Aim

The goal of this study was to determine the role of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) in the development of diet‐induced metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunctions.

Methods

We fed male and female mice with global Hdac9 knockout (KO) and their wild‐type (WT) littermates an obesogenic high‐fat/high‐sucrose/high‐cholesterol (35%/34%/2%, w/w) diet for 20 weeks.

Results

Hdac9 deletion markedly inhibited body weight gain and liver steatosis with lower liver weight and triglyceride content than WT in male mice but not females. Consistently, hepatic expression of genes crucial for de novo lipogenesis was markedly suppressed only in male, but not female, Hdac9 KO mice. However, Hdac9 deletion had a minimal effect on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In WAT, Hdac9 KO showed less adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis in male mice compared with WT. In addition, indirect calorimetry demonstrated that male Hdac9 KO mice had significantly higher metabolic rates, respiratory exchange ratios, and energy expenditure without altering physical activities than WT, which was not observed in female mice.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that global deletion of Hdac9 prevented the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, and WAT inflammation and fibrosis in male mice with diet‐induced obesity and MASH, suggesting that a sex‐dependent role of HDAC9 may exist in the pathways mentioned above.