bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The epidermal growth factor receptor in healthy pregnancy and preeclampsia
Authors: Clemente Luca , Bird Ian M
Published: October 2022

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed robustly in the placenta, and critical processes of pregnancy such as placental growth and trophoblast fusion are dependent on EGFR function. However, the role that aberrant EGFR signaling might play in the etiology and/or maintenance of preeclampsia (PE) remains largely unexplored. Recently, we have shown that overexpression of EGFR in cultured uterine artery endothelial cells (UAEC), which express little endogenous EGFR, remaps responsiveness away from vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling and toward EGFR, suggesting that endothelial EGFR expression may be kept low to preserve VEGFR control of angiogenesis. Here we will consider the evidence for the possibility that the endothelial dysfunction observed in PE might in some cases result from elevation of endothelial EGFR. During pregnancy, trophoblasts are known to synthesize large amounts of EGFR protein, and the placenta regularly releases syncytiotrophoblast-derived exosomes and microparticles into the maternal circulation. Although there are no reports of elevated EGFR gene expression in preeclamptic endothelial cells, the ongoing shedding of placental vesicles into the vascular system raises the possibility that EGFR-rich vesicles might fuse with endothelium, thereby contributing to the symptoms of PE by interrupting angiogenesis and blocking pregnancy-adapted vasodilatory function.
Intercambio de cromátidas hermanas en personal sanitario expuesto a medicamentos antineoplásicos en un complejo hospitalario de Lima
Authors: Cruz-Bueza Fredy , Inostroza-Ruiz Luis , Córdova-Ramos Javier
Published: October 2022

Las técnicas citogenéticas de biomonitoreo permiten la detección temprana de la exposición a los agentes genotóxicos y el ensayo de intercambio de cromátidas hermanas (ICH) que se aplicó tuvo como objetivo evaluar estos efectos en linfocitos de sangre periférica del personal sanitario expuesto a medicamentos antineoplásicos en un Complejo Hospitalario de Lima. El grupo expuesto se subdividió de acuerdo con la cercanía a los preparados oncológicos en: contacto directo, intermedio y bajo, además se tuvo un grupo control. La información fue analizada en el programa estadístico IBM SPSS 25.0. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las frecuencias de intercambios en los grupos de personal sanitario con exposición directa e intermedia comparados con el grupo control (P<0.05), el análisis comparativo entre el personal con exposición baja y el grupo control no evidenció diferencias significativas. Estos hallazgos permiten evidenciar mayor riesgo de genotoxicidad para el personal sanitario expuesto a medicamentos antineoplásicos.
Determinación de metales pesados en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) y su riesgo para la salud humana
Authors: Castillo José , Domínguez Juleisi , García Mesías , Marín Gloria , Olórtegui Denisse , Ynocente Christopher
Published: October 2022

Los metales pesados generan efectos adversos en la salud a diferentes niveles, incluyendo, para algunos metales, el efecto cancerígeno, es por ello que la presencia de estas sustancias en alimentos para muchos países como el Perú, es considerado un problema de salud pública. La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el riesgo a la salud asociado al consumo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) con presencia de metales pesados como arsénico y plomo en Lima metropolitana. Se tomaron 30 muestras de tomate de los principales lugares de abastecimiento de Lima metropolitana y se determinó la región de procedencia. Las muestras fueron analizadas por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en el Centro de Información, Control Toxicológico y Apoyo a la Gestión Ambiental – CICOTOX. La concentración media de arsénico en tomate fue 0,1908mg/Kg; este nivel superó el estándar definido por el Mercosur (0,1mg/Kg). Asimismo, la concentración media de plomo fue 0,0876mg/Kg; este valor superó el estándar definido por el Codex Alimentarius (0,05mg/Kg). Finalmente, se estimó el riesgo humano (HR) por ingesta de tomate por la metodología propuesta por OMS/OPS. Se determinó que el riesgo por consumo de tomate no representa un riesgo significativo para la salud humana.
La potencia de lo colectivo: voces del Gran Chaco. Una lectura de Gritos de las madres del monte
Authors: Maidana Melania Sol
Published: October 2022

Este trabajo se centra en los relatos orales testimoniales llevados a la escritura a través de un complejo proceso de mediación en Gritos de las madres del monte (2020). Este texto de autoría colectiva fue elaborado en el Taller de Memoria Étnica, en la ciudad de Tartagal, Salta, Argentina, por un colectivo pluriétnico de mujeres. En los relatos, se entraman estrategias enunciativas que despliegan una particular configuración de las voces en relación con los territorios históricamente habitados. En forma dinámica, éstas superponen memorias, experiencias y saberes tanto individuales como colectivos. El tejido de tiempos, ritmos históricos y vivencias actualiza el recuerdo y, en su relato, se discursiviza un territorio que cobija experiencias espirituales individuales y comunitarias con otros existentes. Para abordar estos aspectos, el estudio de la voz, desde los planteos de Raúl Dorra (1997), la noción de sujeto colectivo de Ailton Krenak (2018) y sujeto heterogéneo de Cornejo Polar (2003) orientan el análisis.
Renato Robles Valencia. La enfermedad como metáfora del antipositivismo en La ciudad de los tísicos de Abraham Valdelomar [Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos], 2022, 168 pp.
Authors: Álvarez Chacón Edgar
Published: October 2022

El interés académico por la obra de Valdelomar ha ido creciendo en las últimas cuatro décadas. Desde la primera gran recopilación de su producción realizada por Pinto (1979) hasta la más reciente por Silva-Santisteban (2001), la escritura del Conde de Lemos ha demandado de la crítica una nueva atención, más amplia que la otorgada por sus contemporáneos. Su prematura muerte truncó un ambicioso proyecto intelectual cuya línea criollista (o nacionalista) fue, y aún es, objeto de unánime reconocimiento. Pero la obra de Valdelomar no solo está conformada por sus cuentos criollos (lo mejor de su producción según consenso de la crítica del siglo xx y lo que va del xxi), sino por otros géneros como la crónica y la novela que recién en estas décadas empiezan a cobrar relevancia.
La Corte Penal Internacional y los Derechos Humanos: una mirada breve desde los crímenes internacionales
Authors: Ugarte Boluarte Krúpskaya , Diestra Huerta Roxana
Published: October 2022

La Corte Penal Internacional, mediante su tratado constitutivo el Estatuto de Roma, busca determinar la responsabilidad penal internacional de individuos que están bajo su jurisdicción y competencia. En ese sentido, la impunidad frente a las severas violaciones a los derechos humanos como veremos en el presente análisis nos lleva a establecer la relación directa entre el Derecho Penal Internacional y el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos como respuesta ante la impunidad a las severas violaciones a los derechos humanos, muchas veces escudándose en la inmunidad de jurisdicción penal como veremos en el caso de Al Bashir. La CPI busca que los crímenes más graves no queden sin castigo, y para estas medidas requiere la cooperación internacional de los Estados, para alcanzar verdad, justicia y se pueda reparar a las víctimas. El caso que analizaremos a través de la jurisprudencia es el de Omar al Bashir, quien gobernó Sudán desde 1989 hasta el 2019, durante su mandato, hubo denuncias por graves violaciones a los derechos humanos, incluyendo el posible genocidio en Darfur. Producto de la investigación y remisión del caso a la CPI, esta última dictaminó dos órdenes de captura internacional; sin embargo, no fue acatada por algunos países bajo el argumento de la inmunidad de jurisdicción penal de Altos Jefes de Estado, que gozaba en ese momento el ahora expresidente sudanés.
La idoneidad moral como requisito sine qua non para la autorización de una empresa del sistema financiero: Una mirada objetiva al criterio subjetivo del regulador
Authors: Acosta Alvarez de Hoyle Gloria María
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo plantea el inquietante cuestionamiento acerca de una exigencia normativa sobre ‘‘idoneidad moral’’ para la constitución de un tipo específico de empresa: las instituciones financieras. Se parte del análisis de las normativas relativas al Sistema Financiero y el Sistema de Seguro, las que integran bajo sus normas, entre otros, criterios de evaluación tales como el de idoneidad técnica y moral para el representante de una entidad financiera. En el mismo sentido, se analiza el concepto de ‘‘idoneidad moral’’ desde una perspectiva filosófica, Asimismo, de una revisión en Derecho Comparado, se realiza una revisión de legislaciones aplicables. Por último, compartimos una breve reseña de los principios de la moral pública, para finalmente dar una mirada legal a sentencias que han tratado cuestiones sobre idoneidad moral y ética en el Perú.
Pronóstico condicional de la inflación peruana
Authors: Álvarez García Kevin Antonio , Velita Zorrilla Raúl
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo muestra la aplicación de un modelo VAR condicional con el objetivo de estimar la trayectoria futura de la inflación peruana condicionada a la inflación estadounidense en base a 3 posibles escenarios: optimista, promedio y pesimista. Se incorpora para el caso peruano, la metodología desarrollada por Waggoner y Zha (1999), bajo estimaciones bayesianas y utilizándo el algoritmo de Gibss Sampling para estimar y simular las distribuciones de los pronósticos. Los resultados muestran que para el año 2022 y ante un escenario pesimista, la inflación peruana alcanzaría su nivel más alto en el mes de junio. En un escenario promedio, el nivel más elevado de inflación se alcanzaría en abril, mientras que en un escenario optimista, se llegaría a un nivel máximo en marzo. Asimismo, se observa que la diferencia de la inflación peruana promedio de un escenario a otro es alrededor de 0.2% mensual.
Solución alternativa para la ecuación dinámica de la cuerda
Authors: Huamaní Richard , Villegas Fulgencio
Published: October 2022

En este artículo, inicialmente, se realiza una revisión de algunos aspectos clásicos de la teoría de cuerdas bosónicas. Además se analiza  las coordenadas cono de luz, como un método de cuantización covariante relacionado dichas coordenadas con las coordenadas propias mediante una transformación apropiada. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar un camino alternativo para deducir las soluciones de la ecuación dinámica de la cuerda. Para ello, se comienza transformando las coordenadas cono de luz por medio de un parámetro variable arbitrario y que al aplicarlo a la acción de Polyakov conduce a soluciones equivalentes a las deducidas mediante el método de las series de Fourier.
Aplicación y casos de uso de técnicas de inteligencia artificial contra el COVID 19
Authors: Aira Céspedes Francisco Antonio , Casas Moya Luis Miguel , Romero Naupari Pablo Jesús
Published: October 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer las principales aplicaciones y casos de uso de técnicas de inteligencia artificial en la ayuda contra la lucha contra el COVID 19 en campos como detección y diagnóstico, desarrollo de vacunas, predicción y pronóstico del COVID-19. Por tal motivo, para lograr este objetivo, se hará una revisión de literatura siendo nuestro principal aporte un estado del arte que proporcione una descripción general de algunas soluciones novedosas y más relevantes logradas hasta el presente año 2020. Diversos autores han elaborado diferentes algoritmos relacionados al COVID-19 para lograr la detección temprana de problemas pulmonares a través de imágenes de rayos X donde las técnicas de deep learning como las Redes Neuronales Convolucionales demuestran ser las mejores para este tipo de labores, dada la buena precisión al momento de predecir si una persona tiene COVID-19 o no.
Recursos de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones y uso del aprendizaje móvil en estudiantes de posgrado
Authors: Euribe Solorzano Carlos Luis , Vega Huerta Hugo Froilán
Published: October 2022

Es inevitable la tendencia sobre la implicancia de la tecnología en la educación universitaria, además, la pandemia evidenció, la importancia de las capacidades de los recursos basados en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (TIC) que deben disponer los estudiantes para realizar actividades relacionadas con su aprendizaje. La investigación constituye un análisis de los recursos TIC y el uso del Mobile Learning, conformadas por dimensiones y indicadores sobre los cuales se evaluaron los niveles de satisfacción. El objetivo es determinar si los recursos TIC y sus dimensiones: Conectividad a Internet, Dispositivo Móvil, Contenidos Digitales, Herramientas Digitales, y Capacitación en el uso de recursos TIC están relacionados, influyen o impactan en el uso del Mobile Learning. El enfoque es Cualitativo. Para recolectar los datos se uso la técnica de la encuesta y un cuestionario de 40 preguntas con escala Likert del 1 al 5. La población conformada por estudiantes de Posgrado de la FISI y la muestra constituida por 70 estudiantes. Los resultados estadísticos obtenidos fueron: para el Rho de Spearman (0.837 y p-valor < 0.05), Chi-cuadrado (171,287 y p-valor < 0.05), Phi (1.564 y p-valor < 0.05), V de Cramer (0.782, mayor que 0.6) y el Coeficiente de Contingencia (0.843, muy cercano a 1); con lo que se demostró la existencia de una relación estadísticamente significativa, fuerte y positiva entre los recursos TIC y el uso del Mobile Learning con un alto grado de dependencia, donde el uso del Mobile Learning depende de los recursos TIC.
THE ROLE OF STARTUPS IN THE GENERATION OF NNOVATIVE YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS
Authors: Smadi – Delcheva S.
Published: October 2022

Aims. The modern entrepreneurial ecosystem builds startups as companies that play a significant role in the business environment. Building the image of innovative entrepreneurs, who are increasingly perceived as paradigm changers, because of the way of thinking that through its creativity and enthusiasm changes the overall entrepreneurial environment.
Materials and methods. Presentation of a brief overview of the literature review on the topic of startup companies and their modern vision.
Results. A brief overview of current information about startup companies and their specifics.
Conclusion. The development of innovation in doing business is not only due to increasing competition in local and global markets, but also as a result of the identification of trends.
The concept of a startup includes a business vision in the field of innovation and high technology. Rapid growth is a key feature and unifying factor - the whole process from start-up through growth to startup development is extremely dynamic and limited in terms of time and compared to the pace at which small and medium-sized businesses are developing.
ANALYSIS OF THE TYPOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS
Authors: Dimitrova M.
Published: October 2022

The agricultural sector is of particular importance for the national economy in the conditions of real membership of the country in the European Union. The liberalization of world trade, the association of Bulgaria with European structures and the restoration of some traditional market positions pose new problems and opportunities for the agricultural sector. The aim of the study is to analyze the typology of agricultural holdings. The objects of study are agricultural holdings in the countries of the European Union. The latest published agricultural holding counting on Eurostat is included in the survey. The main source of agricultural statistics are the farm structure surveys that are made periodically. The significance of the study is to provide a realistic picture of structural conditions in Bulgaria’s agriculture, which helps to analyze results which can also be compared across the EU. These conclusions are needed not only for examination the reasons of structural changes in this important economic sector, but also for future prognosis.The methods used in the survey are comparing analyze, method of statistics grouping, experts valuation and etc.
REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE PROVINCE OF STARA ZAGORA
Authors: Bankova M.
Published: October 2022

Human resources remain the most valuable factor for the development of any economic activity, despite the fact that we live in a dynamically developing and highly advanced technological time. The report aims to trace the various indicators describing the demographic state and the labour market in the province of Stara Zagora. The methods which are used in the present research are: growth rate, population growth, structural analysis, index analysis and SWOT analysis. The indicators are population size, natural growth, mechanical growth, educational structure, coefficient of employment, coefficient of economic activity and coefficient of unemployment. The results of the study reflect the changes in the observed demographic and economic characteristics of the province of Stara Zagora for the period from 2015 to 2020. Data from the National statistical institute is used to ensure the reliability of the research. The conclusions point to the search for and implementation of effective solutions that will lead to the discovery of potential opportunities for development of the province of Stara Zagora through the use of human resources, as well as dealing with the problems and challenges associated with them.
Tas
Authors: Juhász Erika
Published: October 2022

A VII. (Bíborbanszületett) Konstantin császár neve alatt hagyományozódott De administrando imperio című munka egyedülálló adatokat szolgáltat (többek között) a magyarság korai történelmére vonatkozóan. A szövegben előforduló görögösített tulajdonnevekből – párhuzamos forrás hiányában – elsősorban a helynevek bevonásával és a jelentéstan eszközeivel próbálták rekonstruálni a magyar személyneveket. A tanulmány az Árpádok családfájának görög szövegét a kézirati hagyomány vizsgálatával, a segédtudományok (paleográfia, kodikológia) eszközeinek bevonásával igyekszik új megvilágításba helyezni.
Effects of blade design linearization on aerodynamic performance of horizontal axis wind turbine
Authors: Echjijem Imane , Djebli Abdelouahed
Published: October 2022

The optimized chord and twist angle of the preliminary blade design through Blade Element Momentum theory are non-linear distributions, which adds to the complexity of blade manufacture and does not always guarantee the best aerodynamic performance. In this paper, the effect of the linearization on aerodynamic performance using Prandtl-Glauert correction model was investigated through four cases: case 1 and case 2 and case 3, where the chord and the twist angle are linearized and case 4, where sole chord is linearized. The effect of the linearization using Shen correction model while making a comparison to the linearization using Prandtl-Glauert correction model was also studied. The simulation is conducted for S809 wind turbine blade profile. The results show that case 4 using Shen correction model represents the best technique of linearization in terms of higher aerodynamic performance and easy manufacturing process.
Responsible Muslims and Normalizing Islam
Authors: De Koning Martijn
Published: October 2022

In this article, I take up the “Muslim Question” in relation to neoliberalism and the Dutch government through a community approach focusing on the responsibilization of citizens. Based on fieldwork that I have conducted over the last 15 years, I will argue that, in order to understand the Muslim Question, we have to explore how Muslims respond to the “neo-liberal Muslim Question.” I will explore how the paradoxes and tensions that co-constitute the neoliberal Muslim Question, create opportunities for some Muslims to be able to find, then enlarge and navigate a space for themselves as responsible subjects within a particular framework which also, simultaneously, targets them as potentially unruly subjects. In doing so I show how Muslims engage with the neoliberal governance of themselves and demonstrate how their approach is informed, shaped, enabled  and challenged by the racial neo-liberal discourse of the Muslim Question.
“¡Todo Israel será salvo!” - Um Estudo de Romanos 9-11
Authors: Reimer Ivoni Richter
Published: October 2022

Todo Israel será salvo! Um estudo de Romanos 9-11, em um artigo, cuja finalidade é analisar a teologia paulina com base na estrutura proposta para o conteúdo deste texto, a partir de uma perspectiva histórico-crítica, sócio-histórica e feminista no contexto da Teologia da Libertação Latino-Americana. Desta forma, ele identifica como eixo central a afirmação de Cristo como a plenitude da Lei e da salvação pela fé em Cristo. Sua conclusão é que Romanos 9-11 faz parte do testamento teológico do apóstolo Paulo e é fundamental no contexto da Igreja Primitiva e seu posterior desenvolvimento.
Retrospekcja wzajemnych stosunków gospodarczych UE i Rosji Czynniki integrujące i dezintegrujące Unię
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Szydłowska Ewelina
Published: October 2022

The European Union and Russia are different in economic terms. In opposite to traditional Russia, the EU is a new type of international community. Both sides are both partners and rivals aware of their addiction. The rivalries result from the collision defending Russia’s sphere of influence and the aspirations of the enlarging Union. The Union’s goal is to develop not only through deepening cooperation, but also by admitting new members to the community. The Russian Federation in the development of the EU sees a threat to its superpower position, and this is also the result of actions aimed at inducing disintegration in the EU, because the divided Europe is a weak Europe.
Polityka Unii Europejskiej w zakresie zwalczania terroryzmu
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Pietrzak Nicole
Published: October 2022

The subject of this dissertation is the European Union policies in the area of combating terrorism. The fact that terrorism is regarded as being one of the biggest threats to European Security determined the choice of the subject. The author has tried to explain the terminology applying to terrorism, the history of terrorism, and present methods of fight against it. The objective of the article is the analysis of the European Union main actions taken and decisions made in this respect. One of many determinants that influenced tightening of this policy were the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the USA on 11 September 2001. Also, frequent terrorist attacks forced the European Union member states constant cooperation and continued efforts regarding actions to counter terrorism which is both social and political phenomenon.
Współczesne nacjonalizmy jako przejaw paradoksu globalizacji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Grabowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2022

Transformations within national and international policies influenced by globalization, cause changes in value systems and related modifications in the conditions of functioning of political entities, contributing to their evolution. This publication is an attempt to show new directions in international relations and to show certain regularities that follow periodically, determining the behavior of political participants. The starting point for the research is the indication of contemporary manifestations of nationalism, analysis of progressing globalization and the relationship that exists between them. On this basis will be indicated regularities, which influence the shaping of the structure of social support for liberal or nationalist postulates. The publication may contribute to changing the perception of the nature of globalization and understanding the reasons for the increase in support for liberalism and nationalism.
Podejście semiologiczne w badaniach nad zjawiskiem mitu politycznego na przykładzie mitu smoleńskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Kwiatkowski Bartosz
Published: October 2022

This article is an attempt to present the Smolensk myth (which is a very important subject in Polish myth studies) from the perspective of the semiological approach. The analysis of the two most important theories in that field: one by Roland Barthes and another one by Tadeusz Biernat, will allow to examine the mythologization of the social and political reality after the Smolensk catastrophe. That examination will be conducted by analysing the ways of creating symbolic signs which may express the mythical political meaning. That analysis will also enable the depiction of the semiological meaning of political myths in the events or statements from the times after the catastrophe. In conclusion, the aim of this article will be a depiction of an historical event, which had an enormous impact on today’s Polish political reality, from the perspective of creation of the mythical constructs in the collective memory.
Kwestia rasizmu w myśli ideologów Organizacji Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów (1929–1945)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Jędrysiak Marcin
Published: October 2022

The goal of the article is to show what role did the racist elements play in the ideology of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and whether they were present in that ideology at all. In the scientific discourse it remains controversial, whether OUN was in fact a fascist organization. Those discussions very often ignore the question of racism and its role in both Italian fascism and Ukrainian nationalism. It is also rarely analyzed what was the nature of those racist elements. In the article the historical-legal method has been used, as well as the comparative method. The problem has not been analyzed in the chronological manner, in order to secure the clarity of the article Applied structure of the paper allows showing the analyzed problem from the most general questions to more detailed ones. Works of the ideologists connected with OUN, such as Dmytro Dontsov, Volodymyr Martynec’, Dmytro Orlyk, Yuliyan Vassyjan and Yuriy Lypa have been analyzed, Author decided to underline most important parts of their thought presented in their books and pamphlets and compare their views on each issue. It allowed to indicate that racism is often a topic presented in the works of the ideologists of OUN, although there is no one version of that thought. Every author presents his own view on that topic and other approach. However, they seem to become gradually more interested in the problem of the race in late 30’s and 40’s. However Ukrainian racism is not a biological racism. It treats the race as the spiritual phenomenon with a biological substrate.
Cyfrowy tłum – charakterystyka zjawiska
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Zbirański Aleksander
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to describe the phenomenon of the digital crowd, which is a phenomenon specific to the functioning of political debate on the Internet (with particular emphasis on social media). Referring to the concept of Le Bon and Girard, it presents the behavior of the digital crowd and its importance for the development of public debate in the area of mass communication such as the Internet.
Przestępczość zorganizowana w Polsce po 1989 r. – Pruszków i Wołomin
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Trempała Wojciech
Published: October 2022

The collapse of the Eastern Bloc in 1989 has led to meaningful social, political and economic transformations. The destabilization of polish country, during changes in political system, started the development of the organized crime, abusing the authority and investigative authorities’ weakness. The 90’s are the greatest time of two, coming from Warsaw, groups, which managed to subordinate the whole criminal country – Pruszkow and Wolomin. The “mafia decade” of Pruszkow and Wolomin is the time of: earning enormous fortune, spectacular events and extremely bloody war, carrying a huge number of victims. 90’s is also the time of using experience in creating effective system of fighting against organized crime. Introducing in 1997 the term of crown witness – “apologetic criminal” became the decisive moment. Spectacular end of Pruszkow was the effect of the statement of crown witness – gangsters aggravating their cooperatives. It is all mostly about Jaroslaw Sokolowski, nickname “Masa”. His statement appeared crucial during investigations at the most important members of Pruszkow’s group. Sokolowski`s “flawlessness” as a crown witness, is not clear, in spite 20 years lasted from mentioned incident. The case of Pruszkow and Wolomin presents the danger for country`s safety, what comes from the side of organized crime, during political transformation.
The Congress of Polish Women as an example of the struggle for women’s rights
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Kaczmarek Jolanta
Published: October 2022

When considering the issues related to the fight for women’s political it is not possible to disregard some of the most important factors determining the level of women’s participation in political life. As regards scientific discussion on the presence of women in government roles, the most frequently cited reason contributing to lesser representation of women are biological, social, ideological, structural, cultural, religious and economic factors. 100 years have passed and women, who account for slightly more than a half of the Polish society, still have too low representation in the parliament, in many cases their salaries are lower than those of men at similar positions, they play specific social and professional roles assigned on the grounds of sex, and still some people try to marginalize them professionally and deprive of their freedoms. The aim of this text is to analyze premises for the establishing of the Association of Congress of Women and results achieved over the past ten years. The main objectives adopted for purpose of the text include the verification of demands set by the Association and their implementation, and the analysis of its activity in terms of socio-political changes. Content analysis was used as the method.
Preferencje polityczne a świadomość ekologiczna – przypadek mieszkańców województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Trempała Wojciech
Published: October 2022

This article presents the results of the empirical research on the relationship between political preferences and environmental awareness among the inhabitants of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The author’s aim was to answer whether respondents’ political preferences transfer to their environmental attitudes - how they perceive the hierarchy of beings and the moral meaning of nature in particular, but also, their willingness to pro-ecological attitude and their readiness to sacrifice their own business for the interest of the environment.
Działalność polityczna Romana Rybarskiego w II RP
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Waskan Jan
Published: October 2022

In this paper an analysis of Roman Rybarski’s political activity has been done, who was one of the most prominent leader of national camp. In a special way his contribution in polish political thought is outlined. In his political biography an important date was 1919, when R. Rybarski was appointed as an expert of polish delegation to Paris peace conference. After his return, he activated himself politically, linking with numerous national camp organizations. Formulating not only economic program but also his views on nation and society, thus he became an important ideologist of national camp. In period 1928–1935 he sat as a deputy in second and third term Sejm, where he performed the function of National Club chairman. In this paper are also other issues raised, such as R. Rybarski collaboration with Roman Dmowski, as well as tensions and political discrepancies between them.
Zagadnienie migracji w nauczaniu Kościoła katolickiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Opolski, Zaborski Maciej
Published: October 2022

The phenomenon of migrating the population – migration of people (Latin: migratio) has been known since time immemorial. Its purpose is to change the place of stay of an individual or group. Displacements are historical, cultural, social, political, but also religious. The purpose of migration is to change the place of residence for various reasons, including for economic, political and social reasons. The Word of God states that “the earth belongs to me, and you are the strangers and settlers with Me” (Lev 25:23). The Dogmatic Constitution on the Church of Lumen Gentium (n. 9) teaches that “this people, though it does not currently include all people, and sometimes even turns out to be a small flock, is after all a powerful germ of unity, hope and salvation for the whole human race”. Also today, the Church, in response to the current international – political and economic migration situation, takes a stand in this matter. The article presents the issue of migration in teaching the Catholic Church also as a social problem. The author, striving for maximum reliability and showing the merits of the issue, considered the analytical method to undertake analytical and critical research of sources, referring to conciliar teaching and statements by Pope John Paul II and his successors on migration, emphasizing the moral and social aspect of this phenomenon.
Polityka migracyjna Polski wobec europejskiego kryzysu migracyjnego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II w Lublinie, Tutak Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

The state policy is a derivative of many factors, both internal and external. It is implemented through appropriate activities in various fields of its functioning. From 2015, there has been a revival of the debate over migration issues that are the result of the humanitarian crisis that Europe has been struggling with. According to data from the International Organization for Migration, the number of people seeking a refuge or a better life in Europe has increased fourfold in one year. This situation has forced action by the European Union and individual states aimed at limiting the scale of illegal immigration. The aim of the article is to analyze Poland’s migration policy in the context of actions taken by EU institutions. The first part of the work contains theoretical considerations regarding migration policy. In the second one, the author presented attempts to solve the migration crisis by the European Union together with the attitudes of Polish governments towards immigrants and the issue of their relocation. The article presents the changes that have been made in the Polish legal and institutional system. The undertaken analysis indicates that in the migration policy, which is largely reactionary in nature, the chief value is safety.
Polscy migranci w Wielkiej Brytanii w obliczu zbliżającego się brexitu
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Bierzyńska-Sudoł Magdalena
Published: October 2022

The main aim of the article is to present the situation of Polish migrants in the United Kingdom in the face of regulations related to Brexit. The main research is focused on the Polish community, its features and structure. The author analyzed new living conditions of Poles in Great Britain. Poles are concerned about the change in the economic and political situation. The functioning in a multicultural country, the continuous process of acquiring a foreign reality, seeking a balance between established values, customs and traditions, and finding a new home – fills them with fear and anxiety.
Shanghai Cooperation Organization: A Realist Approach
Authors:   American University of Central Asia in Bishkek, Nicharapova Jildiz
Published: October 2022

The main goal of this paper is an analysis of activities, purposes, problems of the (SCO) since its inception in order to understand what is the main reason behind its creation and existence? What are its achievements and what benefits have got each member state? Is it beneficial to all members? The hypothesis is that SCO serves only its big members, it was intended to be a China’s tool to enter Central Asia without vexing Russia. The article analyzes the activities of the SCO with the existing theories in IR in order to answer these questions. The main objective of the SCO was an attempt by the powers of the Central Asia to control the region. The SCO faces problems of distrust between its members. It is a very important instrument of guaranteeing Sino-Central Asian partnership. It is also a guarantee that China will never dominate Central Asia due to many signed agreements within the organization. With more than twenty years of history and existence, the SCO may become a real force on the international arena. The SCO’s intention is to become a world power and to construct a fairer international order. The SCO has the economic potential and political will to do it.
Italy’s Cultural Diplomacy: From Propaganda to Cultural Cooperation
Authors:   University of Perugia, Medici Lorenzo
Published: October 2022

Cultural diplomacy has always been an important tool in Italian foreign policy. Culture represented a significant resource already in the liberal period and was also widely used by Fascism. During the inter-war period, cultural promotion abroad aimed at spreading the regime’s political-social organizational model. In the second post-war period, cultural resources played a fundamental role in Italian international relations. The democratic government carried out a transition from an essentially propagandistic action, which Fascism implemented especially in the second half of 1930’s, to a cultural diplomacy more attentive to the issues of dialogue and cooperation. The soft power of culture grew in importance. Lacking effective diplomatic tools of a political and economic nature, the new ruling class promoted the nation’s cultural tradition. Although with means and personnel widely used already during the Fascist period, democratic Italy adopted an innovative cultural diplomacy with regard to premises and goals. This policy was apparently low-key and devoid of political themes, but in reality it was aimed at acquiring, in the long run, the friendship and the sympathy of the elites of other countries, so as to bolster political and economic relations. In the framework of a broader course of action, aimed at supporting multilateral diplomacy, the new leaders of post-Fascist Italy also promoted an international cultural cooperation which reversed the previous power politics and the unilateral assertion of Italian culture, but was still careful to defend the nation’s interests. This cooperative dimension was realized above all with the participation in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
UE – Ukraina: wokół europejskich aspiracji Kijowa. Wybrane aspekty z perspektywy Niemiec
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Kosman Michał
Published: October 2022

The goals of the article are to discuss Ukraine’s aspirations for rapprochement with the European Union, especially after the „Orange Revolution” in 2004, and in the context of the conflict with Russia over Crimea and eastern Ukraine that began in 2014. In addition, to outline of Germany’s position toward the conflict and Ukraine’s relations with the EU. The author attempts to resolve the problem of Ukraine’s chances of joining the Union in a predictable perspective. First of all, scientific and press publications, as well as European Union documents were used.
Proces negocjacji brexitu w polityce Davida Camerona i Theresy May
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Pietrzak Nicole
Published: October 2022

Great Britain’s decision to leave the European Union (aka Brexit) is one of the most significant events in the history of European integration. It is also the first event in the history of the Community, yet not the only one proposed by the UK government. This article aims at the analysis of political activity of British Prime Ministers: David Cameron and Theresa May related to the United Kingdom’s leaving the European Union structures. British Government’s decision was taken after the referendum, which was held on June 23, 2016, followed by invoking Article 50 of the EU’s Lisbon Treaty. Consequences of Brexit are highly dependent on the results of negotiations, although most definitely they will have political, economic and social implications. The most important conclusions are contained in the summary.
The United Kingdom’s Trade Relations with Kenya in the Context of Brexit
Authors:   Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Jureńczyk Łukasz
Published: October 2022

The subject of the article is trade cooperation between Great Britain and Kenya in the context of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union. The article characterizes the commercial cooperation of Great Britain and Kenya and discusses the trends existing in this field in recent years. The main threats to this cooperation that Brexit brings are presented, as well as the actions that states must implement to counteract the negative consequences of Brexit and the opportunities that Brexit potentially gives to deepening trade cooperation between countries. In addition, the political climate change that has occurred between countries in recent years, which has a significant impact on the implementation of economic cooperation, including trade, has been outlined. The purpose of the article is to present and evaluate the challenges that the countries face in the context of Brexit, which they must overcome in order to maintain and deepen trade cooperation. The main research problem is whether Brexit will weaken or accelerate trade relations between Great Britain and Kenya? The main hypothesis of the article is that Brexit causes great uncertainty about the future of trade cooperation between Great Britain and Kenya. However, it gives the opportunity to dynamize this cooperation, and Kenya can become a model partner for the United Kingdom within the concept of „Global Britain” promoted by London. Kenya’s positive development trends make it an increasingly attractive trading partner for Great Britain. However, Kenya wants to take advantage of the UK’s search for trading partners outside the European Union.
Podmorskie kable telekomunikacyjne jako element globalnej infrastruktury krytycznej. Ocena podatności na zagrożenia
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Kubiak Krzysztof
Published: October 2022

The article is the first in Polish literature attempt to present the role played in the modern information world by undersea telecommunications cables. The author draws a synthetic history of the undersea cables’ development as well as presents its current network. The article also discusses the most common causes that lead to cutting the cables and shows examples of such events and their consequences. The author also emphasizes that according to the international law of the sea the telecommunication cables are not subject to special protection. Although they are an important element of critical infrastructure, this issue does not arouse the interest of states, because in the vast majority they are owned by private companies. The development of cable-based communication is extremely dynamic. In a period shorter than that of one generation, they transformed from a „means of communication”, useful, but without a critical importance, to the real „nervous system” of a globalized economy operating mainly based on virtual reality. Undersea cables, due to their economic, political and social importance, as well as their physical characteristics, are potentially strongly exposed to destructive influences. They may be a consequence of natural disasters, but also of steps taken intentionally by individual people, extremist organizations or even states.
Wybrane działania polityki bezpieczeństwa w zakresie informacji wywiadowczych na początku XXI wieku
Authors:   Politechnika Koszalińska, Górka Marek
Published: October 2022

The enormous changes and constant developments in the applications of technology and communication have changed the way the world is perceived. The information revolution has impacted intelligence gathering, processing, analysis and dissemination, as well as how decision-makers can access reliable information in a timely manner, and the sources they are likely to rely on when concrete information is needed to make decisions. This article attempts to describe, analyze and explain the nature of the ongoing information revolution, its main impact on intelligence and security policy, and the importance of intelligence analysis in the context of peacekeeping operations.
Wybór czy przymus? Sowieckie gwarancje bezpieczeństwa dla Polski po 1945 r.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Sadowski Sławomir
Published: October 2022

The question about the scope, content and effectiveness of activities is the subject of the article in which the author analyzes the methods of making Poland’s security policy dependent on the USSR in the context of establishing the country border on the Oder and Nysa Łużycka as an act of historical justice, which could only had been done thanks to the Polish communists supported by the USSR. Consequently, the foreign and military policy of People’s Poland was incorporated into a broader coalition structure, i.e. fully dependent on Soviet policy. This policy was justified in such a way to show the inevitability of Soviet security guarantees arising from the Polish-Soviet brotherhood of arms.
Distribution of Power and a Political Change in David Hume’s Poltical Theory
Authors:   Mazovian Public University in Płock, Perlikowski Łukasz
Published: October 2022

In this paper I would like to present an interpretation of David Hume’s political theory. Therefore, a method of investigation can be recognized as hermeneutical one. Main threads which I would like to emphasize are: concept of stability, distribution of power, role of an opinion in political dimension and a conservative attitude toward a change. I claim that important lesson for political science can be taken from his theory. Generally speaking, this lesson consists in refusing the so-called political regime fetishism and focusing on the relevant issues of social stability. These issues are strictly determined by the opinions, hence the proper subject-matter of political science is identified with them. As one of the conclusions I propose a thesis that politics is, and ought only to be slave of opinions, what is an allusion to a famous sentence from A Treatise of Human Nature that the reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions.
Arywizm, chremastyka, matematyzacja a humanocentryzm – apologetyka aksjologii w ekonomii
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Piskorz Błażej
Published: October 2022

The main purpose of the article is to verify the hypothesis that the erasing of values from economics causes unfavorable social changes leading even to social stratification. Side by side, it will be considered if homo neuroeconomicus is already the leading paradigm in economic, and marketing creates our attitudes, with the aim only to sell, not to distribute wares. The article also aims to show the relevance of axiology in economics, because at its metatheoretical level its ontological status constitutes values implanted by recognized economists. Meanwhile, contemporary economics tries to create an exact science, disavowing its normative output. The record is mathematical, which evaluative value, emotionally excludes man as an important subject of economics. The loss of autotelism in the exemplification of a human being and its natural inclination to participate in the economy causes non-exclusivity in participation. The attempt of these changes also led to the creation of homo neuroeconomicus as a model example of a human-consumer who has three tasks: buy, buy, buy. An adequate method to show the issue is to use the descriptive method to approximate the problem and comparative analysis, which indicates that there is no one way to look at the economy and to make it work in reality.