bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Going deeper underground: multi-level cave systems dated by 26Al/10Be cosmogenic burial as valuable geomorphological markers of long-term landscape evolution
Authors: Rixhon Gilles
Published: June 2022

Underground karst systems have an unique geomorphological relevance for the reconstruction of long-term landscape evolution as it is widely acknowledged that “(…) cave features tend to be preserved far longer than correlative surface features [(e.g., alluvium-mantled terraces in fluvial environments)], which are more susceptible to weathering and erosion” (Audra and Palmer, 2013, p. 187). In this contribution, we thus consider (i) endokarstic fluvial sediments deposited in multi-levels cave systems or networks, which have formed in response to regional base-level changes over long periods of time (typically 105-106 years), and (ii) how to date them. More specifically, we aim at fostering the use of cosmogenic burial dating of cave-deposited clastic sediments to unravel the long-term evolution of fluvial landscapes. The formation of epigenic cave systems and their geomorphological relevance as a marker of long-term river incision is firstly discussed. After a brief presentation of cosmogenic burial dating works and how it can be applied to cave-deposited alluvium, this contribution focuses on how/where to sample within multi-level cave systems and on selecting the sampling material. It afterwards highlights the main drawbacks (analytical and geomorphological uncertainties) associated to this method and presents some strategies to avoid them (if possible). The combination of cosmogenic burial dating with other geochronological tools in the underground realm is also tackled in that respect. Whilst the multi-purpose use of this approach to unravel evolution of fluvial landscapes is briefly reviewed, we focus on the reconstruction of long-term incision rates, including their variation through time, and the drivers of incision. We conclude by a number of useful recommendations to fully benefit from this approach.

 

Reference

Audra, P., Palmer, A.N., 2013. The vertical dimension of karst: controls of vertical cave pattern. In: Shroder, J. (Editor in chief), Frumkin, A. (Ed.), Treatise on Geomorphology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, vol. 6, Karst Geomorphology, pp. 186–206.
Urban Anthropogeomorphological Wetlands – South African Case Studies
Authors: Grundling Renée , Beckedahl Heinz , Loubser Michael
Published: June 2022

Urban development in the interior of South Africa is historically centred around mining development such as gold, uranium and platinum-group metals and can only be sustained by amongst other, providing a reliable constant supply of potable water for human use and industrial development alike. Therefore, several water transfer schemes were initiated since the 1970’s to pump water from the well watered eastern parts of South Africa and the Kingdom of Lesotho to the drier central industrial and mining hubs of the Pretoria Witwatersrand Vereeniging urban complex in the Gauteng province, and the Rustenburg mining hub in the North-West province. Furthermore, post-apartheid era progress was made to provide access to improved water supply to previously marginalised communities in urban areas – many of which has grown significantly in recent years as people move to urban areas in search of employment opportunities.

These urban developments have not only extensively transformed land cover resulting in changed runoff characteristics of catchments and watercourses but has also in altered the flow regimes of these watercourses. Notably ephemeral and seasonal streams and wetlands started to receive a copious supply of nutrient rich water from aging water infrastructure: leaking pipelines, overflowing or inefficient water treatment plants and uncontrolled release of industrial and effluent waste into streams. Consequently, streamflow increased, resulting in erosion of channels, and desiccation of wetlands in lowering base levels. The oversupply of sediment has resulted in new wetlands further downstream in the landscape. Moreover, the steady supply of nutrients and sediment allowed vegetation species such as Phragmites and Typha to expand and dominate valley bottom systems. Consequently, the footprint of these anthropogeomorphological wetlands has expanded as a positive feedback loop ensued with an increase of surface roughness, diffused water flow, sediment trapping and nutrient cycling. Although these natural processes now interact to form wetlands which clearly provide valuable ecosystem services in an urban environment it remains to be seen if these systems will be self-sustaining if the anthropogenic hydrological drivers are altered with future urban change.

The change in volume and nature of water released from different catchments greatly influences wetlands in affected catchments. South African case studies that will be shared include the effluent affected areas of Rietvlei, Soutpanspruit, and Colbyn, wetlands in Gauteng province; the water transfer scheme affected area of Liebenberg spruit; and the potable water leak wetland of Kgaswane Mountain reserve, North West province.

 

Keywords:  Urban sprawl, water supply, anthropogeomorphological wetland
Semiautomatic inventory of the landslides triggered in the 2014 event in Ribeira Valley using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Bonini José Eduardo , Vieira Bianca Carvalho , Martins Tiago Damas
Published: June 2022

In the last two decades several studies have applied automatic and semiautomatic methods to produce landslide inventories using high resolution Earth Observation products such as satellite imagery and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). In Brazil, inventory maps for large areas are not systematic and the application of automated and semiautomated methods for landslide detection is unusual. In January 2014 intense rainstorms (200mm/2h) occurred in the Ribeira de Iguape river Valley (São Paulo State, Southeast Brazil), triggering landslides and a debris flows that caused 25 deaths and damage to urban, transportation and energy infrastructures. In the following years, a few event-based inventories were produced for small subbasins affected in 2014, by the means of empirical methods and freely available images. To the best of our knowledge there are no large-scale event-based inventories for the whole area affected by landslides in the 2014 event. In this study, we tested a combination of unsupervised classification of high-resolution orbital images, visual interpretation and DEM analysis to map landslides triggered in 2014 event. The landslide inventory was produced for an area of 110 km². The ISODATA algorithm from SAGA GIS was used to clusterize a NDVI difference layer derived from RapidEye (5m) pre-event and post-event orhorectified mosaics. The resulting clusters were checked and corrected through visual interpretation. Finally, we used a TanDEM-X DEM (12m) to identify valley bottoms and separate the inventory in two classes: landslide scars and landslide deposits. Our results shows that an area of 5.48 km² (approximately 5% of the total area) was affected by landslides in 2014, with 4.04 km² classified as landslide scars and 1.44 km² as landslide deposits. A total of 2089 landslide scars were detected, with mean area of 1.926 m², minimum of 25 m², maximum of 91.100m² and median of 800 m². Given the scarcity of detailed geographical information about the landslides in the area, the inventory presented here may improve future susceptibility and hazard studies, especially regional scale statistically based models. This inventory can also be used as labeled sample for the application of Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithms aiming to detect landslide scars and the timing of ruptures using satellite imagery time series, as well to launch a systematic mapping of such phenomena in Brazil.
Geomorphic landslide susceptibility assessment using Slope-Area plots
Authors: Valiante Mario , Guida Domenico
Published: June 2022

Landslide susceptibility assessment is a key topic for land-use planning and for the overall safeguard of human activities. In this perspective, a wide range of methods and techniques have been proposed for the evaluation of landslide susceptibility, ranging from statistical methods to the latest deep learning technologies. Besides, Slope-Area plots are also exploited for the evaluation of surficial processes domains and the increasing availability of digital terrain models with higher resolution allows much detailed analyses.

On these premises, we compared slope-area plots produced with high resolution Lidar data with a landslide dataset produced following the LOOM data structure. The analysis has been carried out using only surficial phenomena like flows and falls. Moreover, such landslides have been decomposed into their principal components such as detachment, transit, and accumulation zones in order to perform an accurate evaluation of the geomorphic signature of such features. Each landslide has been also compared with the corresponding reference hillslope, defined as the set of enveloping Morse regions computed using Surface Network.

The plot of slope-area values of the training landslides and their reference hillslopes allows thresholding of the slope values at different contributing area bins, resulting in the mapping of those values exceeding the defined thresholds. Preliminary results show how such defined thresholds based on a proper training dataset could be a valid contribution to the overall topic of landslide susceptibility assessment based on geomorphological criteria at least for surficial landslide types like flow- and fall-like movements.
Soil erosion response to land-use change in landscapes sensitive to desertification: a study case in Beira Baixa (Portugal)
Authors: Nunes Adélia , Gonçalves João , Figueiredo Albano
Published: June 2022

Soil erosion is the most important process of land degradation in Mediterranean Europe, resulting from the combination of intensive rainfall regime, during specific periods of the year, and the absence of vegetation cover, very often promoted by specific land use patterns.

This work aims to assess how changes in land use and land cover alter the risk of soil erosion in Mediterranean agricultural landscapes after recent significant changes in terms of land-use regime, namely due to the increase of intensive uses based on irrigation, which are replacing by traditional extensive uses. For this study, the Beira Baixa Region, one of the areas with the highest susceptibility to desertification, was used as reference.

During a first stage, the period of the year with higher susceptibility to erosion was identified based on the use of vegetation indices, aiming to assess the existence of differences in terms of vegetation cover considering different land uses. Such information was crossed with records of inter- and intra-annual intense rainfall episodes for the last 2 decades, aiming to identify the period of the year that is critical in terms of erosivity potential.

In order to evaluate the effective soil loss in the period with the highest risk of erosion (lowest vegetation cover + highest records of intensive precipitation), rainfall simulations were performed in different land uses at the end of the summer period, considering the most common land uses in the region, and trying to compare intensive and extensive land use systems.

The results obtained show that soil loss in intensive and super-intensive land uses, associated to crops installed in the last 5 years, with no or residual vegetation cover, is significantly higher compared to traditional extensive uses, which maintain an annual vegetation cover based on herbaceous communities, even dry. The results of the simulations also showed that the high values of erosion observed in intensive orchards might be mitigated through the implementation of a vegetative cover able to protect the soil from the direct impact of rainfall.
Lusatian circles on wetlands in NE Poland - results of geoarchaeological research
Authors: Kalicki Tomasz , Żurek Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

The main aim of the presentation is to present the results of the geoarchaeological research of a network of 27 new discover objects of the Lusatian ash-field community from NE Poland (Podlasie voivodeship) and man-environment interaction in this time span. The functioning of Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age structures in the Biebrza and Narew river basins is a new issue, the knowledge of which is the result of only of the last few years of research. The breakthrough in archaeology brought about by the spread of laser scanning imaging made it possible to discover and inventory such structures.

This region dominated by groups of communities with a hunter-gatherer economy only at the turn of the Subboreal and Subatlantic becomes an oecumene of Lusatian culture. It seems that this community is the first a centre of coherent network of sites, which can be associated with a stable settlement network and intensive agricultural use of the environment. It is reflected in the valley bottom sediments. The network of these Prehistoric structures has relatively uniform location and structure, type of construction and dimensions. They are mainly located in the glacial basins or in the valleys of two main underfit rivers of the region - Biebrza and Narew on the erosional remnants inside or near the large peat bogs. Their construction have a circular arrangement with two areas a protective area consisting of a system of ditches and embankments and a central area consisting of a flat central square with only some archaeological traces of economical activity.

Determining the function of the objects in this network is extremely difficult. Some possible interpretation will be presented. Their structure does not indicate the defensive function of the objects, and their location near peat bogs may suggest their use as corals for grazing animals. There are many indications that we are dealing here rather with a kind of stable socio-administrative-religious centre concentrating dispersed in the microregion population of the Lusatian ash fields culture.
Geoheritage Mapping issues and solutions for national official cartographic products: the Italian case study  
Authors: Bollati Irene , Coratza Paola , Giardino Marco , Pelfini Manuela
Published: June 2022

In the framework of territorial management, geomorphological mapping can be considered a fundamental activity because it offers a comprehensive source of information (morphogenetic, morphographic, morphometric, morphodynamic, morphocronological ones) and an explanatory presentation of landforms, including also data on bedrocks and structures. Compared with other research activities carried out in the field of geomorphosite identification, classification, and assessment, geomorphosite mapping has not received the same strong consideration in the past. A considerable impulse to this topic has been recently given by several authors in Europe, where some methods for the cartographic representation of geomorphosites have been proposed, aimed at Earth Heritage promotion and protection.

Starting from these premises, our paper illustrates a new methodology, developed by the Working Group “Geomorphosites and Geodiversity” of the Italian Association of Physical Geography and Geomorphology (AIGeo), for mapping geosites on geomorphological maps edited by the National Geological Survey, i.e. cartographic documents directed to public boards in territorial planning and sustainable management of a territory. The proposed legend and related symbols will be illustrated through examples developed at a different scale and within different geological and geomorphological contexts in the Italian territory.

The integration of geoheritage and geomorphological data in a single cartographic document can be considered an innovative and useful tool both for geoconservation and sustainable environmental management. Such a map shows several advantages: (i) it offers an overview of both landforms and processes and the main geoheritage peculiarities of a territory; (ii) it provides information on the state of activity of processes, which can help to evaluate the state of conservation and vulnerability of geosites or the degree of natural and anthropic risks; (iii) it highlights geosite boundaries useful for decision making in management; (iv) it represents a functional tool to optimise decisional processes within Territorial Planning, Environmental Impact Assessment procedures and Protection Actions of Natural Heritage.
Topographic rejuvenation of an elevated post-rifting landscape with low contrasting rock strength(Southeast Brazil)
Authors: Schievano de Campos Daniela , dos Santos Marcilene , P. P. Marques Karina , Silva Alexandre Christófaro , Vidal-Torrado Pablo
Published: June 2022

Post-rifting and dead orogens landscapes have presented topographic rejuvenation long after intense tectonic activity ceased, resulting in relief growth in a topography that was expected decay.In addition, there is compelling evidence of low denudation rates in tropical post-orogenic landscapes, mainly related to low-relief uplands capped with duricrusts.Thus, understanding the evolution of these landscape settings has proven enigmatic. Recent studies have invoked the contrasting rock strength as primary factor for such topographic rejuvenation. In contribution to this issue, we investigated the topographic signals in a post-orogenic and post-rifting Brazilian landscape with low contrasting rock strength, the Southern Espinhaço Range(SER). In order to reveal potential relief growth, we explored interactions between drainage signatures, topographic metrics, bedrock inheritance and duricrusts. We extracted local relief, hillslope angle, and normalised channel steepness, and performed knickpoint and stream profile analysis to explore spatial variations in topography of the study area. Our findings suggest that the post-rifting evolution of the study area is dictated by episodic uplift and base level fall events coupled with favored stress concentrator zones, which accelerate channel incision and trigger ongoing dismantling of duricrusts. Knickpoints at high elevation separate a relict low-relief landscape upstream, capped by either Fe or Al duricrusts, from a transient adjustment zone downstream, indicating that records of different boundary conditions coexist in the landscape. This study shows a contradiction between low denudation rates and topographic rejuvenation even in a low contrasting rock strength domain. We have found that interactions between surface processes and pre-existing weakness zones likely occur in the SER, highlighting how enigmatic and complex long-term landscape evolution can be in ancient post-orogenic and post-rifting settings.
Predicting the unknown: using transfer learning techniques for landslide susceptibility modelling
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Goetz Jason , Brenning Alexander
Published: June 2022

Landslide susceptibility modelling is an effective way to assist decision-makers in minimizing landslide risk. Developing landslide inventories for susceptibility model training and testing can be of high cost and effort. Previous studies have pointed out that landslide inventories from different areas are able to provide informative knowledge of landslides. However, training models for target areas using data from different regions at different times is challenging due to differences in feature space and/or the data distribution. Traditional machine learning techniques assume that target and source areas have the same data distribution. Therefore, when the data distribution is different, their performance can be degraded. Transfer learning can solve new problems using knowledge extracted from previous experiences. Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a transfer learning method that determines the similarity between source and target areas by considering various attributes (e.g., topography, geology, data structure). The resulting most similar or a weighted combination of models from similar source areas are applied to model susceptibility in the target area. Instead of applying the similarity obtained by CBR, domain adaptation (DA) transfers the knowledge by considering the data distribution between source and target areas. These two techniques are rarely used in landslide assessment studies, yet they have excellent potential to enhance spatial model transfers.

We evaluated the performance of transfer learning using CBR, DA and a CBR-DA combination for landslide susceptibility modelling. Our assessment is based on ten study areas with various spatial resolutions (1 m, 10 m and 25 m) located in Austria, Ecuador and Italy. We explored two modelling scenarios: only one source area available (single-source learning) and multiple source areas (multi-source learning) and compared them to benchmark situations, that is, landslide susceptibility models that are applied to the target area without using transfer learning techniques. Our results clearly showed CBR strategies using single-source learning and multi-source learning were robust and effective in developing highly transferable landslide susceptibility models without any a prior knowledge of landslides in target area. Since-source CBR was the most effective method for model transferring. The proposed method can alleviate the burden of collecting and labelling data, resulting in a more expedited preparation of landslide susceptibility maps for large and data-scarce regions.
Integration of geoheritage in strategies for climate change resilient tourism in protected areas of Northern Portugal
Authors: Vieira Antonio , Bento-Gonçalves Antonio , Folharini Saulo , Novais Jorge , Silva Sara , Marques Tiago
Published: June 2022

Protected areas are frequently important hotspots of geodiversity. Despite being legally protected mainly because of the presence of significant or rare element of biodiversity of a territory or ecosystem, these areas incorporate valuable examples of the abiotic elements that can be considered worth protect in the context of the geoheritage. In fact, they constitute, frequently, the support for biodiversity development and maintenance.

In Portugal, the majority of the protected areas were delimited based on biological and cultural factors, but its value in terms of geodiversity is very high.

In the context of the project “Clictour - Climate change resilient tourism in protected areas of Northern Portugal”, three protected areas located in the northwest Portugal were selected in order to develop proposals for implementation of climate change resilient tourism strategies.

For this presentation we selected the structuration of a pedestrian trails network in each protected area as our case study and the integration of the values of geoheritage.

Considering the importance and diversity of geoheritage elements in these protected areas, within the general proposals for climate change resilient tourism strategies the geotouristic perspective was considered and the valorization of geomorphological and geological elements was proposed.

Consequently, we performed an inventory and evaluation of the potential geosites/geomorphosites and we considered its integration on the existing pedestrian trails, as well as the definition of new pedestrian trails based mainly in geotouristic values.

The evaluation of the different pedestrian trails was made, in terms of supporting infrastructures and interpretative features and geotouristic potential, in order to establish the most adequate trails regarding the project objective of proposing strategies for a climate change resilient tourism. It was possible to conclude the significant importance of including geoheritage in the pedestrian trails designed, stressing, however, the need to establishing effective geoconservation measures capable of minimizing the impacts resulting from its use in tourism activities.

This study was developed within the scope of the CLICTOUR project (Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000079), supported by the European Regional Development Fund.
Understanding the Geomorphology of the Gobholo Granite Cave System in Eswatini
Authors: Masilela Mthobisi , Beckedahl Heinz , Dlamini Wisdom
Published: June 2022

Extending some 60 m below ground, and with explored lengths of more than 1 500 m, the Gobholo cave system in Eswatini is one of the largest granite cave systems documented in the scientific literature. The cave system is found in the Gobholo valley, approximately 10 km east of Mbabane. The valley is drained by the Gobholo River, which has a subsurface flow through the cave system for more than 1,8 km. The Gobholo valley itself is located on the Mbabane granite pluton which is made up of the Mswati granite, of 2,7 Ga. in age. It is a porphyritic granite of coarse grain which forms part of the Kaapvaal Craton. The Kaapvaal Craton is an old yet stable landscape composed primarily of granitoids, gneiss, and other metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks varying in age between 2.5 – 3.6 Ga. The Mbabane Pluton is remarkably affected by tectonics as evidenced by a network of NNE-SSW and NW-SE fault lines and lineations, which account for the deep dissecting and near perpendicular valleys, with the Gobholo Valley being one of these.

A notable feature of this cave system, compared with other granite caves reported in the literature, is that it has elements of both solutional-depositional systems, as well as the ‘typical’ boulder systems in which the interstitial fines have been washed out between large, buried scree-slope boulders. The research focusses on the structure and composition of the granitic bedrock, and compares its mineralogy with the geochemistry of the water of the Gobholo River. Remote sensing and GIS are used to map the spatial arrangement of landforms, geological structure, and digital modelling of the terrain. These are further used to explain the geomorphic processes of the study area. The analysis and modelling of the Gobholo Valley is of key importance in this research, as it informs the discussions and conclusions on the genesis and dynamics of the Gobholo granite cave system.
Influence of bedrock on sedimentary processes on two adjacent alluvial fans (Julian Alps, NW Slovenia)
Authors: Novak Andrej , Popit Tomislav , Šmuc Andrej
Published: June 2022

Alluvial fans are sedimentary bodies typical for mountain environments of all latitudes and climatic zones. Sediment, building alluvial fans, is transported from the catchments area by fluvial and/or sedimentary gravity flow processes resulting in a variety of distinct sedimentary facies. Several different factors control the prevailing sedimentary process on alluvial fans such as climate, catchment and fan area, catchment relief, aspect, vegetation types and density, tectonic setting, and bedrock lithology. In this study we present a detailed study of fluvial and sedimentary gravity flow facies on two adjacent Holocene alluvial fans. The fans are located in the Planica Valley in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia). Both alluvial fans have very similar dimension, same climatic conditions, relief, and vegetation cover, however, differ in the geology setting of the catchment areas. While the catchment area of the first fan consists entirely of Julian aged peritidal to shallow subtidal carbonates Conzen dolomite, the adjacent second catchment area is partly composed of Julian-Tuvalian shallow-water claystone, marlstone, dolomite, and marly limestone. We made twelve sedimentary logs in a scale of 1: 10 and performed a granulometric analysis of several sediment layers to determine sedimentary processes forming the two alluvial fans. The first alluvial fan is entirely built of either clast-supported open-framework gravel or sandy gravel layers. The layers, up to 20 centimetres thick, contain less than 1% of mud fraction and the clasts are Conzen dolomite. Gravel is predominantly pebble sized, with occasional cobbles and boulders in the upper and middle part of the fan. Cobble sized clasts are occasionally imbricated parallel with slope inclination. We attribute these layers to fluvial and/or sheetflood depositional processes. The second alluvial fan is also predominantly composed of the same fluvial to sheetflood deposited layers, which are intercalated with crudely stratified and up to 50 cm thick layers of muddy sandy gravel. These layers contain up to 16% of mud fraction with gravel clasts being matrix-to clast supported. Based on sediment texture and the amount of mud fraction contained we attribute these layers to cohesive and highly viscous debris flow deposits. The debris flow deposits however do not represent the predominant sedimentary process in the second alluvial fan. This suggests that debris flows occur only sporadically indicating to their stochastic depositional occurrence. The study show that the catchment bedrock is the most important parameter determining the sedimentary process in a typical alpine alluvial fan when all other controlling factors are equal.
Validation of a fully-coupled radiative transfer model for sea ice with albedo and transmittance measurements
Authors: Jin Zhonghai , Ottaviani Matteo , Sikand Monika
Published: June 2022

Abstract. A rigorous treatment of the sea ice medium has been incorporated in the advanced Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Radiative Transfer (COART) model. The inherent optical properties (IOPs) of brine pockets and air bubbles over the 0.25–4.0 µm spectral region are parameterized as a function of the vertical profile of the sea ice physical properties (temperature, salinity and density). We test the model performance using available albedo and transmittance measurements collected during the Impacts of Climate on the Ecosystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment (ICESCAPE) and the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field campaigns. The observations are adequately simulated when at least three layers are used to represent bare (first-year and multi-year) ice, including a thin top layer characterized by low density and high scattering. Two layers can be sufficient to model isolated cases of multi-year ice, and apply well to ponded ice except for shallow ponds over thick ice. The albedo and transmittance of ponded ice in the visible are mainly determined by the optical properties of the ice underlying the water layer used to model the pond. Sensitivity results indicate that the air volume or ice density has the largest impact on the simulated fluxes. Possible contamination from light-absorbing impurities, such as black carbon or ice algae, is also implemented in the model and is able to effectively reduce the albedo and transmittance in the visible spectrum to further improve the model-observation agreement. The agreement between the observed and modeled spectra validates the parameterization of the sea ice IOPs, and endorses COART as an accurate tool for radiation studies in the cryosphere.
Introducing a data-driven approach to predict site-specific leading edge erosion
Authors: Visbech Jens , Göçmen Tuhfe , Hasager Charlotte Bay , Shkalov Hristo , Handberg Morten , Nielsen Kristian Pagh
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Modeling leading edge erosion has been a challenging task due to its multidisciplinary nature involving several variables such as weather conditions, blade coating properties, and operational characteristics. While the process of wind turbine blade erosion is often described by engineering models that rely on the well-known Springer model, there is a glaring need for modeling approaches supported by field data. This paper presents a data-driven framework for modeling erosion damage based on blade inspections from several wind farms in Northern Europe and mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. The outcome of the framework is a machine-learning based model that can be used to predict and/or forecast leading edge erosion damages based on weather data/simulations and user-specified wind turbine characteristics. The model is based on feed-forward artificial neural networks utilizing ensemble learning for robust training and validation. The model output fits directly into the damage terminology used by industry and can therefore support site-specific planning and scheduling of repairs as well as budgeting of operation and maintenance costs.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran dalam Jaringan (Daring) di STKIP Pembangunan Indonesia
Authors: Hamsyah Eka Fitriana , Gustina
Published: June 2022

Jenis penelitian yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Februari 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring atau pembelajaran dalam jaringan yang dilakukan pada mahasiswa semester satu prodi Pendidikan Biologi STKIP Pembangunan Indonesia selama adanya pandemi Covid. Sampel penelitian adalah semua mahasiswa semester satu kelas A dan B  prodi Pendidikan Biologi STKIP Pembangunan Indonesia. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Melakukan validasi isi sebelum menggunakan kuesioner. Kuesioner diisi melalui google form. Link pengisian kuisioner dikirimkan melalui grup WhatsApp masing-masing kelas. Sebanyak tujuh belas item pertanyaan terdapat pada kuesioner yang diberikan kepada mahasiswa. Kuisioner yang diberikan berupa pertanyaan essay. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari mereduksi, menyajikan, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa semester satu prodi Pendidikan Biologi STKIP Pembangunan Indonesia lebih menyukai aplikasi google meet dari pada aplikasi zoom, aplikasi WhatsApp, maupun aplikasi google Classroom. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dalam jaringan (daring) dinilai cukup efektif dilaksanakan selama adanya pandemi Covid. Adapun masalah yang sering dihadapi mahasiswa selama proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran dalam jaringan (daring) berkaitan dengan jaringan internet yang kadang tidak lancar sehingga tidak dapat mengikuti pembelajaran dengan maksimal, kuota tidak mencukupi karena semua kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan secara online, fasilitas pendukung pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring yang kurang memadai seperti laptop dan handphone, suasana belajar yang kadang tidak nyaman jika dilakukan di rumah, dan kurang maksimalnya pelayanan yang diterima mahasiswa dari beberapa dosen yang mengajar.
Eğitim Kurumu Binalarında Akıllı Aydınlatma Kontrol Sistemleriyle Gün Işığını Yönlendiren Sistemlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Erdem Erkan
Published: June 2022

In this study, intelligent lighting control systems and daylight directing systems within the framework of methods that maximize daylight in educational institution buildings were examined. The effective use of innovative, advanced daylight and intelligent lighting systems that improve the use of daylight in its function in lighting has been explained. In this context, motods that maximize the effective use of daylight by using intelligent lighting control systems in sustainable educational institution buildings have been examined in parallel with innovative and entrepreneurial perspectives. In this way, this study is aimed to provide a better understanding of intelligent lighting systems and to be a source to help determine the basic concepts and design criteria related to the systems. Key Words: Anidolic System, Prismatic Panel, Laser Cutting Panel, Holographic Optics
Türk Sinemasinda Toplumsal Gerçekçi Filmlerde İstanbul Temsili: Acı Hayat ve Banker Bilo Filmleri Örneği
Authors: KARABAĞ Müge
Published: June 2022

In this study, it has been tried to explain how and with which variables Istanbul is represented in the films within the scope of the social realist cinema movement in Turkey by analyzing the selected sample films. In this context, in the study, first of all, the social realism movement in Turkish cinema was mentioned and the films shot in line with this movement were briefly mentioned. In the study, the representations of Istanbul in Yeşilçam films were mentioned and the films selected as samples were examined by text analysis method. Sample films are films that are evaluated within the scope of the social realism movement in Turkish cinema and shot in different periods. These films are Acı Hayat made in 1962 and Banker Bilo made in 1980. As a result of the study, it has been that in both films, Istanbul is represented as a trap that alienates people from themselves and society, pushes them to loneliness and mistakes, and leads to the loss of purity and goodness. Keywords: Turkish Cinema, Social Realism, Istanbul, City, Cinema
Eğitim Kurumlarında Öğrencilerin Öğrenim Stratejilerinin Geliştirilmesine İlişkin Çalışmaların İncelenmesi
Authors: Aydın Ufuk
Published: June 2022

When developing countries and developed countries in the world were examined in terms of educational perspectives, it was seen that the importance given by developed countries to the development of learning strategies and the expectation of educators who put forth this effort was quite high compared to others. Since there are students in the educational center, the functioning of educational institutions must also be organized for students. The importance given to educators requires taking care of them and getting the highest efficiency from them, as well as the importance given to students requires taking care of them and getting the highest efficiency from them. This spiral of education reveals how important it is to develop the learning strategies of educational institutions. For this reason, the approaches adopted in today's understanding of education, especially in the development of student-centered learning strategies, are concentrated on this axis. Key Words: Educational Institutions, Learning Strategies, Educational Planning
واقع استخدام الأسئلة الصفية في تدريس الصفوف الأولية من وجهة نظر المعلمين بمدينة مكة المكرمة
Authors:   بكالوريوس رياضيات، كلية التربية، جامعة أم القرى، المملكة العربية السعودية, الطرفي نايف
Published: June 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة للكشف عن واقع استخدام الأسئلة الصفية في تدريس الصفوف الأولية من وجهة نظر المعلمين بمدينة مكة المكرمة، تحديد الفروق بين متوسطات استجابات المستجيبين من مجتمع الدراسة حول واقع استخدام الأسئلة الصفية تعزى لاختلاف طبيعة العمل. استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي كما استخدم الاستبانة المقننة كأداة لجمع المعلومات من مجتمع الدراسة، تمثل مجتمع الدراسة في المدارس الحكومية الابتدائية بمكة المكرمة. تم تحليل البيانات عن طريق برنامج SPSS، كانت أهم النتائج: أن على المعلم تقديم الأسئلة الصفية بلغة سليمة وواضحة، أن مهارات توجيه الأسئلة الصفية تعتمد على مراعاة أثناء توجيه الأسئلة الصفية بأن تكون بصوت مسموع وواضح لجميع الطلاب، أن مهارات تنوع الأسئلة الصفية تركز على وضع المعلم أسئلة صفية تقيس مدى استيعاب الطالب، وأوصي الباحث من خلال نتائج الدراسة بالتالي: الاهتمام بتدريب المعلمين والمشرفين بالصورة التي تحسن أداء العمل، التركيز على الأسئلة الصفية من قبل المعلمين في الصفوف الأولى. وتوصي الدراسة بالعديد من التوصيات منها: على المعلم الاهتمام بطرح أسئلة صفية تنمي مهارات الإبداع والتفكير العليا وبالتالي تطوير مهارات تنوع الأسئلة الصفية بصورة جيدة، الاهتمام باستخدام أنواع جديدة من الأسئلة الصفية التي تساهم في تنمية الأدراك الحسي بالطرق الحديثة، إجراء المزيد من الدراسات التي تبحث حول واقع استخدام الأسئلة الصفية في تدريس الصفوف الأولية من وجهة نظر المعلمين ومشرفيهم.
قلق الموت وعلاقته بجائحة فيروس كورونا كوفيد-19 لدى عينة من الأمهات العاملات وغير العاملات في مدينة جدة (دراسة وصفية)
Authors:   أستاذ مساعد، قسم علم النفس، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, الضبيبان د/ نوال , باجهموم سلمى ,   بكالوريوس، قسم علم النفس، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، في المملكة العربية السعودية, باكدم غادة ,   بكالوريوس، قسم علم النفس، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، في المملكة العربية السعودية, العيسى علياء ,   بكالوريوس، قسم علم النفس، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، في المملكة العربية السعودية, الحربي ريم ,   بكالوريوس، قسم علم النفس، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، في المملكة العربية السعودية
Published: June 2022

عانا الأفراد من فيروس خطير ألا وهو فيروس كورونا الذي ظهر عام (2019) في الدول الآسيوية، والذي خلف وضع صعب للمجتمع العالمي ككل، مما جعل الكثير منهم يشعرون بالقلق وخاصه قلق الموت لدى الأمهات والخوف من انتقال العدوى الفيروسية لهم أو لأحد أفراد عائلتهم، لذا تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى الكشف عن قلق الموت لدى عينة من الأمهات، ومن اجل التحقق من صحة فرضيات الدراسة سوف نستخدم المنهج الوصفي الذي يصف كميًا وكيفيًا الظواهر المختلفة، حيث يخدم هدف الدراسة الأساسي وهو التعرف على مستوى قلق الموت لدى مجموعه من الأمهات العاملات وغير العاملات في مدينه جده في ضوء انتشار جائحة فيروس كورونا كوفيد- 19، تم استعمال مقياس قلق الموت على عينة تكونت من (60) من الأمهات العاملات و غير العاملات، تتراوح أعمارهم من (20-50) سنة، و بالنسبة لأبرز ما توصلت اليه نتائج الاستبيان انه: لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الأمهات العاملات والأمهات غير العاملات في قلق الموت تبعًا لمتغير العمل، وتبين انه لا توجد فروق ذات دلاله إحصائية بين الامهات العاملات وغير العاملات بين أفراد العينة في قلق الموت تبعا لمتغير السن.
Characteristics of Natural Killer (NK) Cell and T Lymphocyte in COVID-19 patients in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Fitriah Munawaroh , Agustina Tambunan Betty , Kahar Hartono , Nugraha Jusak , Arinil Aulia Fauqa , Aryati Aryati , Yudhawati Resti , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Tinduh Damayanti , Sigit Prakoeswa Cita Rosita , Hernaningsih Yetti
Published: June 2022

The aim of the research is to analyze the differences in the subset of T lymphocytes and NK cells at various degrees of disease severity in order to be used in stratification of patients’ management and to predict outcomes for optimal treatment. The study sample of 123 patients with confirmed COVID-19 was classified based on the degree of severity: 50 patients with mild severity, 34 patients with moderate severity and 39 patients with severe to critical severity who were subjected to complete blood count and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8) and NK cells with Flowcytometry. There were significant differences in the number of CD 3 cells (p=0.000), CD4 (p=0.000), CD8 (p=0.000), and NK cells (p=0.000) in the three groups. In the severe to critical group there was a decrease in lymphocytes accompanied by decrease of the number of CD3, CD4, CD8 and NK cells as well as an increase in WBC and neutrophils. Based on the outcome, there were significant differences in the number of CD 3 cells (p=0.000), CD4 (p=0.001), CD8 (p=0.000), and NK cells (p=0.001) between the Discharged and death groups. The decrease in the number of CD3, CD4, CD8 and NK cells indicates a relationship between changes in lymphocyte subsets and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, namely immune system disorders such as SARS infection. Increased of WBC with a decrease in CD3, CD4, CD8 and NK cell counts are associated with poor patient outcome. A significant decrease in the number of CD3, CD4, CD8 and NK cells in COVID-19 patients with severe to critical and moderate symptoms compared to mild groups and associated with poor patient clinical outcome.
Electrochemical and Kinetic studies for the Degradation of Salicylaldehyde in Non –Aqueous Media
Authors: Malik Rajdeep , Kaur Jasvinder , Gangwar Dushyant
Published: June 2022

In this study, the electro-oxidation of salicylaldehyde (SA) was investigated in non aqueous media at different scan rate on a platinum electrode by eco friendly cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Kinetic and electrochemical parameters were evaluated and reported in terms of standard heterogeneous rate constant (k0 , 6.115×102 s-1), anodic electron transfer rate constant (kox, 1.540×103 s-1), electron transfer coefficient of reaction (α, 0.197), formal potential (E0,1.989 V), and linearity under the influence of scan rate.
The Effect of FOXO3a rs4946936 Gene Polymorphism on Imatinib Mesylate Therapy Response in Javanese Race CML patients at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang
Authors: Oktya Wardhani Shinta , Susianti Hani , Rahayu Puji , Yueniwati Yuyun
Published: June 2022

Genetic factors are known to play a role in the therapeutic response of several diseases, especially malignancy. In the process of apoptosis, Forkhead O transcription factor sub family 3a (Foxo3a) is involved in mitochondria-related and unrelated processes by triggering the expression of death receptor ligands such as Fas ligands, TNF apoptotic ligands and Bcl-xL, bNIP3, Bim from members of the Bcl2 family. In a study using a cell line, Foxo3a inactivation was shown due to a mutation in the FOXO3a gene, and this inactivation was associated with cancer progression. In addition, failure to induce apoptosis so that cancer cells continue to survive and spread is also the cause of failure to achieve a treatment response. This study aims to determine the role of genetic factors in the form of the FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism in response to imatinib mesylate therapy. This prospective cohort study was conducted at dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital between February 2019 and February 2021. The method used for sampling was consecutive sampling. This study was approved by the ethic department of dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital. Regression test were used to observe the effect of the FOXO3a rs 4946936 gene on the therapeutic response. Our results showed that the CC genotype was more common in the treatment response group, while the TT genotype was more common in the non-treated group. The TC genotype FOXO3a rs4946936 had a 6.96 (p=0.004) times risk of not achieving a major molecular response compared to the CC genotype. The TT genotype had a 17 times risk (p=0.003) of not achieving a major molecular response than the CC genotype. FOXO3a rs4946938 gene polymorphism influenced the response to imatinib mesylate therapy in CML patients. The CC genotype was more likely to achieve a therapeutic response than other genotypes and the T-allele was a susceptibility allele not to achieve a major molecular response.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic activities of Kokilaksha Kashayam, An Ayurvedic Formulation
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit , Narasimha Murthy Padala , Parmanik Ankita , Bose Anindya , Joshi Hanumanthachar
Published: June 2022

Kokilaksha Kashayam is a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation prescribed for treating pain and inflammation. The scientific validation of the claimed pharmacological activities of this formulation has not been established yet. In the present work, the anti-inflammatory and Analgesic activity of freshly prepared in house Kokilaksha Kashayam as well as its marketed formulation were evaluated on experimental animals. The Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan induces paw edema method, while the analgesic activity was evaluated by means of Eddy’s hot plate, tail-flick and formaldehyde induced tail flick methods. The results indicated that both in-house as well as marketed Kokilaksha Kashayam possess profound anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic property.
Development, Optimization and Characterization of Ocular Nanoemulsion of an Antifungal Agent using Design of Experiments
Authors: Macwan Mercy , Prajapati Bhupendra
Published: June 2022

Antifungal agents of the echinocandin family act on the fungal cell wall by inhibition of synthesis of β (1, 3)-D-glucan. Currently no market formulation is available for ocular delivery of new antifungal agents from the echinocandin family. Further, currently available eye drops in market have the limitations due to high lacrimal drainage and low corneal permeability. The aim of the present work is to optimize and characterize nanoemulsion of an antifungal agent form echinocandin family for ocular delivery. Nanoemulsion was prepared using high shear homogenization followed by high pressure homogenizer. Solubility studies were carried out to identify suitable oil and surfactant. A three level three factor Box-Behnken design was used to optimize nanoemulsion. Prepared formulation was characterized for globule size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and in vitro drug release study by dialysis method using bottle apparatus. Eye irritation study was carried out by Hen’s egg chorioallantoic Membrane test. Stability study of the prepared formulation was performed as per ICH guidelines. Prepared nanoemulsion is transparent with a blue tinge. Optimized batch of nanoemulsion showed average globule size of 108.5 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.108. The results of in vitro drug release study suggest more than 90% drug release over a period of 24 h. Developed formulation was found to be non-irritant and stable when stored at 40°C and can be used for ophthalmic delivery.