bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hospital Information Systems: A Review in Perspective
Authors: Hammond W. E.
Published: March 2018

The demand for information for health care is increasing exponentially in volume, content and the number and geographical distribution of users. Most HIS systems commercially available today are based on designs and philosophies of the 1970s. Even though new technology has improved these systems’ performance, to meet current demands, concepts must be shifted from the paper-driven system to an electronic system in which the patient is the focus. We need a merger of the functionality of existing systems along with new functionalities and a computer-based patient record. These new health care information system must have no boundaries; data collection must permeate all locations at which a patient receives care, and seamless linkages must connect all individuals who contribute to that patient’s care. Even though systems are being designed today to meet these expanded informational requirements, we will not see such systems in use before the next century.
Twenty Years Medical Informatics Education at Heidelberg/Heilbronn: Evolution of a Specialized Curriculum
Authors: Leven F.J. , Raux R.
Published: March 2018

The medical informatics curriculum at University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn started in 1972 as a specialized university curriculum. In this paper, we report on 20 years of experience and the evolution of this educational approach with respect to structure and content of the curriculum. We emphasize that this evolution parallels the development of medical informatics to a medical discipline in its own right, with distinct application domains and specific methodological approaches. Based on our experience and on recommendations from the national and international community, we describe and discuss the features of the curriculum.
DIOGENE 2, a distributed Hospital Information System with an emphasis on its Medical Information Content
Authors: Lovis Christian , Borst François , Scherrer Jean-Raoul
Published: March 2018

DIOGENE 1 has been a mainframe-based centralised HIS with a star network of communication operating on a daily basis with 120 nursing ward units since 1978. Together the limited and costly growth capabilities of such a system with its extreme difficulty in cooperating jointly with other heterogeneous medical systems, with the need for faster networking expansions, led to the new design of a distributed architecture called DIOGENE 2. In 1989, a migration process between DIOGENE 1 and DIOGENE 2 was initiated and is now on the verge of being achieved. During the time of this new expansion of the HIS, it has been easy to cooperate with the decentralisation process of the new hospital organisation as well facilitating the integration of new functionalities like i.e. new WIS architectture, medical office patient histories, integration based upon PCs with UNIX based client/server platforms. That approach combines the handling of paragraphs structured patient records with the use of medical natural language processing and semi-automatic encoding as well. Amongst these new functionalities the P ACS are associated with image manipulation platforms called OSIRIS for X-Ray images as well as other tools devoted to molecula biology and genetics up to the ExPASy server on Internet using WWW Mosaic which is accessible from all over the world. The distributed architectture appears well suited not only for the integration of these new functionalities but to keep them growing as smoothly as possible.
Medical Informatics Training at Stanford University School of Medicine
Authors: Shortliffe Edward H.
Published: March 2018

Stanford University School of Medicine has offered graduate degrees in medical informatics since 1982. Located approximately 50 kilometers south of San Francisco near the city of Palo Alto, the university offers both MS and PhD degrees, combining research training with formal course requirements in clinical information sciences, bioinformatics, computer science, decision science, basic biomedicine, health economics, and social and ethical issues. Requirements are adapted to the varying backgrounds of trainees. Graduates of the program work in a variety of capacities, although the majority have sought careers in academia or in industrial research settings.
Leitlinie: Intermittierende pneumatische Kompression (IPK oder AIK)
Authors: Partsch H. , Gallenkemper G. , Gerlach H. , Jünger M. , Marschall M. , Rabe E. , Wienert V.
Published: March 2018

Leitlinien sind systematisch erarbeitete Empfehlungen, um den Arzt in Klinik und Praxis bei Entscheidungen über eine angemessene Versorgung des Patienten im Rahmen spezifischer klinischer Umstände zu unterstützen. Leitlinien gelten für Standardsituationen und berücksichtigen die aktuellen, zu den entsprechenden Fragestellungen zur Verfügung stehenden wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse. Leitlinien bedürfen der ständigen Überprüfung und eventuell der Änderung auf dem Boden des wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstandes und der Praktikabilität in der täglichen Praxis. Durch die Leitlinien soll die Methodenfreiheit des Arztes nicht eingeschränkt werden. Ihre Beachtung garantiert nicht in jedem Fall den diagnostischen und therapeutischen Erfolg. Leitlinien erheben keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Die Entscheidung über die Angemessenheit der zu ergreifenden Maßnahmen trifft der Arzt unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Problematik.
HPV – Das andere Kopf-Hals-Karzinom
Authors: Wittekindt Claus , Wagner Steffen , Sharma Shachi , Würdemann Nora , Knuth Jennifer , Reder Henrike , Klußmann Jens
Published: March 2018

Kopf-Hals-Tumore sind die sechst-häufigste Krebsart mit über 500000 jährlich gemeldeten Fällen weltweit. Die Hauptrisikofaktoren sind Tabak- und Alkoholkonsum, wobei v. a. Oropharynxkarzinome (OSCC) vermehrt eine Assoziation mit humanen Papillomaviren (HPV) aufweisen. Bei HPV-assoziierten und HPV-negativen OSCC handelt es sich bezüglich biologischer Charakteristika, Therapieansprechen und Prognose der Patienten um 2 eigenständige Entitäten, die allerdings bisher identisch behandelt werden. Bei HPV OSCC spielen neben der Aktivität viraler Onkoproteine auch genetische (Mutationen und chromosomale Aberrationen) und epigenetische Veränderungen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Krebsentstehung. Aufgrund des besseren Therapieansprechens wird aktuell über die Einführung einer De-Intensivierung der Therapie und über zielgerichtete Therapieoptionen für Patienten mit HPV OSCC diskutiert. Ein vielversprechendes zielgerichtetes Therapiekonzept ist bspw. die Immuntherapie. Besonders intensiv wird derzeit die Anwendung von Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (z. B. gegen PD1) erforscht. Mithilfe sogenannter Flüssigbiopsien sollen zukünftig weitere Biomarker, in Form von viraler DNA oder Tumor-Mutationen, zur Überwachung des Krankheitsverlaufs und frühzeitigen Erkennens von Therapieversagen eingesetzt werden. Zur primären Prophylaxe einer Tumorentstehung ist die HPV-Impfung von männlichen und weiblichen Jugendlichen empfehlenswert.
Das Mikrobiom – die unplanbare Größe zukünftiger Therapien
Authors: Beule Achim
Published: March 2018

Unter Mikrobiom versteht man die Gesamtheit der bakteriellen, parasitären, viralen oder anderen zellulären Mikroorganismen, die den menschlichen Körper oder ein anderes Lebewesen besiedeln. Das Mikrobiom zeigt in den anatomischen Bereichen der Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde eine deutliche regionale Varianz. Für die Bereiche von Ohr, Nase, Rachen, Larynx und Haut sind jeweils verschiedene Interaktionen des Mikrobiomes mit allgemeinen Faktoren wie Alter, Diät und Lebensstilfaktoren (z. B. Rauchen) in den letzten Jahren bekannt geworden. Zudem liegen eine Reihe von Erkenntnissen vor, dass das Mikrobiom an der Pathogenese verschiedener Erkrankungen auch im HNO-Bereich beteiligt ist. Der vorgestellte Übersichtsartikel fasst die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse dieses sich aktuell äußerst rasch entwickelnden Forschungsgebietes überblickartig zusammen.
The interior as interiority
Authors: Ionescu Vlad
Published: March 2018

The goal of the following article is two-fold: first, it aims to introduce some of the fundamental challenges concerning the theory of interior design, with the aspiration of stimulating further research on the topic, notably concerning the relationship of interior design to adaptive re-use, anthropology and the fine arts. Second, the text introduces a series of essays that complement this paper, which have been collected under the title Interiorities: Artistic, Conceptual and Historical Reassessments of the Interior. The collection proposes an interdisciplinary approach of the interior, both as an architectural challenge and as an opportunity to represent subjectivity in all its dimensions, as understanding, reflection, memory, imagination and affect.
Transfer coefficients in ultracold strongly coupled plasma
Authors: Bobrov A. A. , Vorob'ev V. S. , Zelener B. V.
Published: March 2018

We use both analytical and molecular dynamic methods for electron transfer coefficients in an ultracold plasma when its temperature is small and the coupling parameter characterizing the interaction of electrons and ions exceeds unity. For these conditions, we use the approach of nearest neighbor to determine the average electron (ion) diffusion coefficient and to calculate other electron transfer coefficients (viscosity and electrical and thermal conductivities). Molecular dynamics simulations produce electronic and ionic diffusion coefficients, confirming the reliability of these results. The results compare favorably with experimental and numerical data from earlier studies.
On viscoelastic cavitating flows: A numerical study
Authors: Naseri Homa , Koukouvinis Phoevos , Malgarinos Ilias , Gavaises Manolis
Published: March 2018

The effect of viscoelasticity on turbulent cavitating flow inside a nozzle is simulated for Phan-Thien-Tanner (PTT) fluids. Two different flow configurations are used to show the effect of viscoelasticity on different cavitation mechanisms, namely, cloud cavitation inside a step nozzle and string cavitation in an injector nozzle. In incipient cavitation condition in the step nozzle, small-scale flow features including cavitating microvortices in the shear layer are suppressed by viscoelasticity. Flow turbulence and mixing are weaker compared to the Newtonian fluid, resulting in suppression of microcavities shedding from the cavitation cloud. Moreover, mass flow rate fluctuations and cavity shedding frequency are reduced by the stabilizing effect of viscoelasticity. Time averaged values of the liquid volume fraction show that cavitation formation is strongly suppressed in the PTT viscoelastic fluid, and the cavity cloud is pushed away from the nozzle wall. In the injector nozzle, a developed cloud cavity covers the nozzle top surface, while a vortex-induced string cavity emerges from the turbulent flow inside the sac volume. Similar to the step nozzle case, viscoelasticity reduces the vapor volume fraction in the cloud region. However, formation of the streamwise string cavity is stimulated as turbulence is suppressed inside the sac volume and the nozzle orifice. Vortical perturbations in the vicinity of the vortex are damped, allowing more vapor to develop in the string cavity region. The results indicate that the effect of viscoelasticity on cavitation depends on the alignment of the cavitating vortices with respect to the main flow direction.
Entropic multiple-relaxation-time multirange pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model for two-phase flow
Authors: Qin Feifei , Mazloomi Moqaddam Ali , Kang Qinjun , Derome Dominique , Carmeliet Jan
Published: March 2018

An entropic multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann approach is coupled to a multirange Shan-Chen pseudopotential model to study the two-phase flow. Compared with previous multiple-relaxation-time multiphase models, this model is stable and accurate for the simulation of a two-phase flow in a much wider range of viscosity and surface tension at a high liquid-vapor density ratio. A stationary droplet surrounded by equilibrium vapor is first simulated to validate this model using the coexistence curve and Laplace’s law. Then, two series of droplet impact behavior, on a liquid film and a flat surface, are simulated in comparison with theoretical or experimental results. Droplet impact on a liquid film is simulated for different Reynolds numbers at high Weber numbers. With the increase of the Sommerfeld parameter, onset of splashing is observed and multiple secondary droplets occur. The droplet spreading ratio agrees well with the square root of time law and is found to be independent of Reynolds number. Moreover, shapes of simulated droplets impacting hydrophilic and superhydrophobic flat surfaces show good agreement with experimental observations through the entire dynamic process. The maximum spreading ratio of a droplet impacting the superhydrophobic flat surface is studied for a large range of Weber numbers. Results show that the rescaled maximum spreading ratios are in good agreement with a universal scaling law. This series of simulations demonstrates that the proposed model accurately captures the complex fluid-fluid and fluid-solid interfacial physical processes for a wide range of Reynolds and Weber numbers at high density ratios.
On the front and back side quantum efficiency differences in semi-transparent organic solar cells and photodiodes
Authors: Bouthinon B. , Clerc R. , Verilhac J. M. , Racine B. , De Girolamo J. , Jacob S. , Lienhard P. , Joimel J. , Dhez O. , Revaux A.
Published: March 2018

The External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) of semi-transparent Bulk Hetero-Junction (BHJ) organic photodiodes processed in air shows significant differences when measured from the front or back side contacts. This difference was found significantly reduced when decreasing the active layer thickness or by applying a negative bias. This work brings new elements to help understanding this effect, providing a large set of experiments featuring different applied voltages, active layers, process conditions, and electron and hole layers. By means of detailed electrical simulations, all these measurements have been found consistent with the mechanisms of irreversible photo-oxidation, modeled as deep trap states (and not as p-type doping). The EQE measurement from front and back sides is thus a simple and efficient way of monitoring the presence and amplitude of oxygen contamination in BHJ organic solar cells and photodiodes.
Inertial migrations of cylindrical particles in rectangular microchannels: Variations of equilibrium positions and equivalent diameters
Authors: Su Jinghong , Chen Xiaodong , Hu Guoqing
Published: March 2018

Inertial migration has emerged as an efficient tool for manipulating both biological and engineered particles that commonly exist with non-spherical shapes in microfluidic devices. There have been numerous studies on the inertial migration of spherical particles, whereas the non-spherical particles are still largely unexplored. Here, we conduct three-dimensional direct numerical simulations to study the inertial migration of rigid cylindrical particles in rectangular microchannels with different width/height ratios under the channel Reynolds numbers (Re) varying from 50 to 400. Cylindrical particles with different length/diameter ratios and blockage ratios are also concerned. Distributions of surface force with the change of rotation angle show that surface stresses acting on the particle end near the wall are the major contributors to the particle rotation. We obtain lift forces experienced by cylindrical particles at different lateral positions on cross sections of two types of microchannels at various Re. It is found that there are always four stable equilibrium positions on the cross section of a square channel, while the stable positions are two or four in a rectangular channel, depending on Re. By comparing the equilibrium positions of cylindrical particles and spherical particles, we demonstrate that the equivalent diameter of cylindrical particles monotonously increases with Re. Our work indicates the influence of a non-spherical shape on the inertial migration and can be useful for the precise manipulation of non-spherical particles.
Delaying the effect of an aluminum carbide drying agent in a tight gas reservoir
Authors: Zhang Liehui , Jiang Jun , Xiong Yu
Published: March 2018

Water block damage is the core problem in damage to tight gas reservoirs, and the main obstacle to developing these reservoirs. When an ionic carbide (aluminum carbide: Al4C3) drying agent is injected into the reservoir, the water is quickly gasified through a drying treatment to improve the seepage capacity of the gas and the recovery rate of the reservoir. However, under high temperatures and high pressure (HTHP) conditions, it is easy to lose the reactivity due to the high activity of the drying agent, thus preventing the drying effect. In this paper, in order to delay the reaction starting time of the Al4C3 in HTHP conditions with water-cut, a surface modification of aluminum carbide was carried out by using absolute ethyl as the reaction media and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a modifier under the reaction of an initiator AIBN. The modified Al4C3 was characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, and other detection methods. In addition, a gas evolution experiment compared the starting time of the reaction between unmodified aluminum carbide and formation water to the starting time of the reaction between modified aluminum carbide and formation water. Results show that this method can successfully modify the drying agent and effectively block the reaction activity of the drying agent. Meanwhile, gas production in the process of drying and the consumption of formation water are obviously reduced, which can effectively delay the reaction starting time by 6-8 minutes.
Proximity-interference wake-induced vibration at subcritical Re: Mechanism analysis using a linear dynamic model
Authors: Li Xintao , Zhang Weiwei , Gao Chuanqiang
Published: March 2018

Wake-induced vibration (WIV) contains rich and complex phenomena due to the flow interference between cylinders. The aim of the present study is to gain physical insight into the intrinsic dynamics of WIV via linear stability analysis (LSA) of the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) system. A reduced-order-model-based linear dynamic model, combined with the direct computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics simulation method, is adopted to investigate WIV in two identical tandem cylinders at low Re. The spacing ratio L/D, with L as the center-to-center distance and D as the diameter of cylinders, is selected as 2.0 to consider the effect of proximity flow interference. Results show that extensive WIV along with the vortex shedding could occur at subcritical Re conditions due to the instability of one coupled mode (i.e., coupled mode I, CM-I) of the FSI system. The eigenfrequency of CM-I transfers smoothly from close to the reduced natural frequency of structure to the eigenfrequency of uncoupled wake mode as the reduced velocity U* increases. Thus, CM-I characterizes as the structure mode (SM) at low U*, while it characterizes as the wake mode (WM) at large U*. Mode conversion of CM-I is the primary cause of the “frequency transition” phenomenon observed in WIV responses. Furthermore, LSA indicates that there exists a critical mass ratio mcr*, below which no upper instability boundary of CM-I exists (Uupper*→∞). The unbounded instability of CM-I ultimately leads to the “infinite WIV” phenomenon. The neutral stability boundaries for WIV in the (Re, U*) plane are determined through LSA. It is shown that the lowest Re possible for WIV regarding the present configuration is Relowest≈34. LSA accurately captures the dynamics of WIV at subcritical Re and reveals that it is essentially a fluid-elastic instability problem. This work lays a good foundation for the investigation of WIV at supercritical high Re and gives enlightenment to the understanding of more complex WIV phenomena therein.
Kinetic description of the oblique propagating spin-electron acoustic waves in degenerate plasmas
Authors: Andreev Pavel A.
Published: March 2018

An oblique propagation of the spin-electron acoustic waves in degenerate magnetized plasmas is considered in terms of quantum kinetics with the separate spin evolution, where the spin-up electrons and the spin-down electrons are considered as two different species with different equilibrium distributions. It is considered in the electrostatic limit. The corresponding dispersion equation is derived. Analysis of the dispersion equation is performed in the long-wavelength limit to find an approximate dispersion equation describing the spin-electron acoustic wave. The approximate dispersion equation is solved numerically. Real and imaginary parts of the spin-electron acoustic wave frequency are calculated for different values of the parameters describing the system. It is found that the increase in the angle between the direction of wave propagation and the external magnetic field reduces the real and imaginary parts of spin-electron acoustic wave frequency. The increase in the spin polarization decreases the real and imaginary parts of frequency either. The imaginary part of frequency has a nonmonotonic dependence on the wave vector which shows a single maximum. The imaginary part of frequency is small in comparison with the real part for all parameters in the area of applicability of the obtained dispersion equation.
Photodissociation dynamics of H2O at 111.5 nm by a vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser
Authors: Wang Heilong , Yu Yong , Chang Yao , Su Shu , Yu Shengrui , Li Qinming , Tao Kai , Ding Hongli , Yang Jaiyue , Wang Guanglei , Che Li , He Zhigang , Chen Zhichao , Wang Xingan , Zhang Weiqing , Dai Dongxu , Wu Guorong , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming
Published: March 2018

Photodissociation dynamics of H2O via the F̃ state at 111.5 nm were investigated using the high resolution H-atom Rydberg “tagging” time-of-flight (TOF) technique, in combination with the tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser at the Dalian Coherent Light Source. The product translational energy distributions and angular distributions in both parallel and perpendicular directions were derived from the recorded TOF spectra. Based on these distributions, the quantum state distributions and angular anisotropy parameters of OH (X) and OH (A) products have been determined. For the OH (A) + H channel, highly rotationally excited OH (A) products have been observed. These products are ascribed to a fast direct dissociation on the B̃1A1 state surface after multi-step internal conversions from the initial excited F̃ state to the B̃ state. While for the OH (X) + H channel, very highly rotationally excited OH (X) products with moderate vibrational excitation are revealed and attributed to the dissociation via a nonadiabatic pathway through the well-known two conical intersections between the B̃-state and the X̃-state surfaces.
Study of homogeneous bubble nucleation in liquid carbon dioxide by a hybrid approach combining molecular dynamics simulation and density gradient theory
Authors: Langenbach K. , Heilig M. , Horsch M. , Hasse H.
Published: March 2018

A new method for predicting homogeneous bubble nucleation rates of pure compounds from vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data is presented. It combines molecular dynamics simulation on the one side with density gradient theory using an equation of state (EOS) on the other. The new method is applied here to predict bubble nucleation rates in metastable liquid carbon dioxide (CO2). The molecular model of CO2 is taken from previous work of our group. PC-SAFT is used as an EOS. The consistency between the molecular model and the EOS is achieved by adjusting the PC-SAFT parameters to VLE data obtained from the molecular model. The influence parameter of density gradient theory is fitted to the surface tension of the molecular model. Massively parallel molecular dynamics simulations are performed close to the spinodal to compute bubble nucleation rates. From these simulations, the kinetic prefactor of the hybrid nucleation theory is estimated, whereas the nucleation barrier is calculated from density gradient theory. This enables the extrapolation of molecular simulation data to the whole metastable range including technically relevant densities. The results are tested against available experimental data and found to be in good agreement. The new method does not suffer from typical deficiencies of classical nucleation theory concerning the thermodynamic barrier at the spinodal and the bubble size dependence of surface tension, which is typically neglected in classical nucleation theory. In addition, the density in the center of critical bubbles and their surface tension is determined as a function of their radius. The usual linear Tolman correction to the capillarity approximation is found to be invalid.
A monostable piezoelectric energy harvester for broadband low-level excitations
Authors: Fan Kangqi , Tan Qinxue , Zhang Yiwei , Liu Shaohua , Cai Meiling , Zhu Yingmin
Published: March 2018

This letter presents a monostable piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) for achieving enhanced energy extraction from low-level excitations. The proposed PEH is realized by introducing symmetric magnetic attraction to a piezoelectric cantilever beam and a pair of stoppers to confine the maximum deflection of the beam. The lumped parameter model of such a system is presented and experimentally validated. Theoretical simulations and experimental measurements demonstrate that the proposed design can bring about a wider operating bandwidth and higher output voltage than the linear PEH. Under a sinusoidal vibration with an amplitude of 3 m/s2, a 54% increase in the operating bandwidth and a 253% increase in the magnitude of output power are achieved compared to its linear counterpart. Moreover, the proposed PEH exhibits rich dynamic features, including the tunable operating bandwidth, adjustable voltage and power levels, and softening hysteresis.
Plasmon resonances, anomalous transparency, and reflectionless absorption in overdense plasmas
Authors: Smolyakov A. , Sternberg N.
Published: March 2018

The structure of the surface and standing wave resonances and their coupling in the configuration of the overdense plasma slab with a single diffraction grating are studied, using impedance matching techniques. Analytical criteria and exact expressions are obtained for plasma and diffraction grating parameters which define resonance conditions for absolute transparency in the ideal plasma and reflectionless absorption in a plasma with dissipation.
Partnering with consumers in the public reporting of quality of care: review of the Victorian quality of care reports
Authors: Zaga Charissa , Leggat Sandra , Hill Sophie
Published: March 2018

Objective
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the content of annual Victorian quality of care reports had an increased consumer participation focus following the introduction of the National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Partnering with Consumers standard.

Methods
A mixed-methods approach comprising a comparative descriptive observational study design with quantitative data analysis was used. Nine large Victorian metropolitan public health services’ annual quality of care reports from 2011 and 2014 were analysed using a newly devised analysis framework consisting of elements of the NSQHS ‘Partnering with Consumers’ standard and minimal requirements for Quality of Care reporting by the Department of Health and Human Services.

Results
Of the nine 2014 quality of care reports, in only three were total scores higher compared with scores in the 2011 reports; in one of the 2014 reports, the total scores remained the same, and in the remaining five reports total scores were lower than in the 2011 reports. Overall, there was an improved total score for the 2014 reports compared with the 2011 reports, corresponding to a higher consumer participation focus.

Conclusion
Overall, the present study demonstrated mixed findings and, in some cases, lower scores for the 2014 reports, which was after the introduction of the Partnering with Consumers NSQHS standard, compared with the 2011 reports. Overall, there is future scope to enhance the degree of consumer participation evident within the quality of care reports.

What is known about the topic?
Partnering with consumers has been associated with improved clinical outcomes, decreased readmission rates and rates of hospital-acquired infections, and improved adherence to treatment recommendations and health literacy. Engaging consumers has been recognised as a means to increase the accessibility and appropriateness of healthcare to individuals. Public reporting is a tool through which health services communicate with and engage their consumers in order to improve the quality of care they provide, and is a key element in Australia of the NSQHS Partnering with Consumers standard.

What does the paper add?
This paper links the principles of consumer participation with public reporting. The paper highlights the potential for healthcare organisations to use their public reporting media to engage with consumers and communicate about the quality of care they deliver.

What are the implications for practitioners?
The unexpected findings of a lower emphasis on consumer participation suggests the need for Victorian health services to review the purpose and processes for developing the publicly reported quality of care reports in order to improve their compliance.
How do herders do well? Profitability potential of livestock grazing in Inner Mongolia, China, across ecosystem types
Authors: Li Ping , Hadrich Joleen C. , Robinson Brian E. , Hou Yulu , Dai Yating , Hou Xiangyang
Published: March 2018

Livestock production has increased in Inner Mongolia, China, despite widespread documentation of grassland degradation. To begin investigating the relationship that produces these trends, we studied farm-level decisions of herder households. We estimated economic enterprise budgets for 15 counties in Inner Mongolia across five ecosystems in 2009 and 2014 by using household survey data. Six counties decreased livestock stocking rates and had improved profit over time. The remaining counties increased their stocking rates over the period studied and profit decreased for all but one county. Livestock operators who reported negative profit over the 5 years were located across ecosystem types and reported a large number of weather shocks that affected grassland availability. Removing the opportunity cost of land and labour from the economic enterprise budgets resulted in a positive profit for all counties, which may explain why herders continue to increase stocking rates with decreased grassland availability over time.
Model-specification uncertainty in future area burned by wildfires in Canada
Authors: Boulanger Yan , Parisien Marc-André , Wang Xianli
Published: March 2018

Climate change will drive significant changes in annual area burned (burning rates) in the boreal forest although the trends, which are highly variable among studies, which may be caused by model specifications. In order to investigate this, we used 100 models predicting burning rates that are based on two predictor datasets (annual or 30-year averages) and five statistical algorithms (generalised linear model (GLM), random forest, gradient-boosted model (GBM), regression trees, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)) to build a consensus model projecting future burning rates in boreal Canada with three global climate models (GCMs) (CanESM2, HadGEM and MIROC) and three anthropogenic climate forcing scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Results of the ensemble models were then used to quantify and map the uncertainty created by model specifications. The consensus model projects strong increase (>4-fold by 2080s) in burning rates, particularly under high climate-forcing scenarios. Even with very high goodness-of-fit in the consensus model, the model-specification uncertainty for future periods (>200%) could still be much higher than that of different GCMs and RCP scenarios. When tallied, we show that the total uncertainty could greatly hinder our ability to detect significant trends in burning rates for much of Canada at the end of the 21st century.
Constructing Banglatown
Authors: Rasinger Sebastian M.
Published: March 2018

This paper explores the linguistic landscape of the East London ward of Spitalfields and Banglatown, with particular emphasis on the visual prevalence of the linguistic and symbolic repertoire of Bangla. It suggests that Banglatown as a social product is constructed not only by its people, but by its semiotic and linguistic landscape and the interaction within it. A qualitative analysis of a sample of signs identifies several interrelated frames, which construct Banglatown as a distinct symbolic entity, whereby multiple layers of linguistic and discourse practices create a space that is as much for the Bangladeshi community as it is about it.
On the notion of metaphor in sign languages
Authors: Kimmelman Vadim , Kyuseva Maria , Lomakina Yana , Perova Daria
Published: March 2018

Metaphors in sign languages have been an important research topic in recent
years, and Taub’s (2001) model of
metaphor formation in signs has been influential in the field. In this paper, we
analyze metaphors in signs of cognition and emotions in Russian Sign Language
(RSL) and argue for a modification of Taub’s
(2001) theory of metaphor. We demonstrate that metaphor formation in
RSL uses a number of mechanisms: a concrete sign can acquire metaphorical
meaning without change, a part of a sequential compound can acquire a
metaphorical meaning, and a morpheme within a productive sign or a simultaneous
compound can acquire a metaphorical meaning. All these processes have parallels
in spoken languages, so we argue for a modality-independent model of metaphor
formation where metaphorical mapping is divorced from iconicity.
A Linguistic Handbook of French for Translators and Language Students
Authors: Boucher Paul
Published: March 2018

A Linguistic Handbook of French for Translators and Language Students offers the reader an in-depth contrastive study of French and English based on recent theories of linguistics and discourse analysis. At the same time it is a practical manual for the advanced language student or the translator with dozens of exercises in analyzing and translating French along with detailed corrections.

Organized in three sections – Structure, Perspective and Coherence – the handbook first explores French word formation and syntax, then moves on to the use of tense and aspect, illocution and speech styles in various text types. Finally, problems concerning textual coherence and cohesion in both languages are discussed: anaphora and ellipsis, relevance and equivalence and information structure.

Each chapter is followed by a list of suggested readings for further discussion and a detailed glossary at the end of the book explains all technical terms used.
The handbook is designed to be used either as a textbook or for individuals working at home.
Implementation and Evaluation of An Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (OEND) Program at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Authors: Pauly Julienne B. , Vartan Christine M. , Brooks Abigail T.
Published: March 2018

Background

In recognition of the importance of safe and effective pain management, the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Office of the Under Secretary for Health have encouraged implementation of opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs).

Methods

An OEND program was developed in August 2015 and implemented in September 2015 at a VAMC which allowed for pharmacist-lead individual and group patient education. An OEND consult service was developed to streamline referrals of patients for naloxone education and distribution. At the conclusion of the class, participants were ordered a naloxone auto-injector or nasal spray kit. To evaluate the utility of this quality-improvement initiative, data was collected from September 2015 until May 2016. Examples of data collected included participant satisfaction with education, risk for accidental overdose, and number of naloxone kits dispensed to participants.

Results

Of a total of 243 consults placed, 71 individuals participated in OEND education. A large quantity of consults were discontinued due to patients no-showing education. Sixty-four consult referrals were identified to have a mental health diagnosis. Most participants who received education had a risk for accidental opioid overdose of 14%. Sixty-nine education participants were provided a naloxone kit. Based on the OEND class survey, participants felt that their knowledge of accidental opioid overdose increased and were generally satisfied with the education.

Conclusion

OEND educated 30% of the Veterans referred into the program via the consult service, the majority of whom were at a relatively low risk for opioid overdose.
Complete genome sequencing of exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus plantarum K25 provides genetic evidence for the probiotic functionality and cold endurance capacity of the strain
Authors: Jiang Yunyun , Zhang Jian , Zhao Xiao , Zhao Wen , Yu Zhijian , Chen Chao , Yang Zhennai
Published: March 2018

Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) K25 is a probiotic strain isolated from Tibetan kefir. Previous studies showed that this exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain was antimicrobial active and cold tolerant. These functional traits were evidenced by complete genome sequencing of strain K25 with a circular 3,175,846-bp chromosome and six circular plasmids, encoding 3365 CDSs, 16 rRNA genes and 70 tRNA genes. Genomic analysis of L. plantarum K25 illustrates that this strain contains the previous reported mechanisms of probiotic functionality and cold tolerance, involving plantaricins, lysozyme, bile salt hydrolase, chaperone proteins, osmoprotectant, oxidoreductase, EPSs and terpenes. Interestingly, strain K25 harbors more genes that function in defense mechanisms, and lipid transport and metabolism, in comparison with other L. plantarum strains reported. The present study demonstrates the comprehensive analysis of genes related to probiotic functionalities of an EPS-producing L. plantarum strain based on whole genome sequencing.
Pre-menopausal triple-negative breast cancer at HAM hospital medan
Authors: Betty  , Laksmi L I , Siregar K B
Published: March 2018

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a type of breast cancer that does not have any or lack expression of the three receptors of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2). This cross-sectional study was performed on patients TNBC in HAM hospital Medan from 2013 to 2016 by immunohistochemistry stained. A total 60 invasive breast cancer samples with TNBC. The more frequent in TNBC group were 51-60 years (19 cases, 31.66%) and pre-menopause (34 cases, 57%). Tumor size T3 and T4 with staging IIIA and IIIB, histology sub-type IC-NOS and ILC with grade 2 and grade 3 of histologic was more common in TNBC.
Differences of serum interleukin-6 levels in normotensive and preeclampsia women
Authors: Lumbanraja S N , Junitasari R , Pasaribu H P
Published: March 2018

Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been shown higher with the increase of inflammatory activity. As CD4 count is not available in all cities in Indonesia, RDW was hoped to be the next promising marker to predict the progression of HIV infection. This study aims to find the association of RDW with aCD4 count in HIV-positive reproductive women in Indonesia. It was a prospective cross sectional study enrolled 37 consented outpatients HIV-positive reproductive women in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. A 10 mL blood was taken, separated into two tubes for complete blood count and CD4 count. Data were collected and analyzed with SPSS 19.Mean CD4 absolute was lowest in >14.5% RDW group but without statistical significance. By classify CD4 absolute count, CD4 absolute ≤350/mm3 showed significantly higher RDW than CD4 absolute >350/mm3 (13.98±2.10% vs 12.79±0.88%; p=0.02). No correlation was between RDW and CD4 absolute, as well as, with CD4%.In conclusion, high RDW can be a promising marker to predict the low CD4 count in HIV-positive reproductive women within antiretroviral therapy.
Determinants of Glasgow outcome scale in patients with severe traumatic brain injury for better quality of life
Authors: Dharmajaya R , Sari D K , Ganie R A
Published: March 2018

Primary and secondary brain injury may occur with severe traumatic brain injury. Secondary traumatic brain injury results in a more severe effect compared to primary traumatic brain injury. Therefore, prevention of secondary traumatic brain injury is necessary to obtain maximum therapeutic results and accurate determination of prognosis and better quality of life. This study aimed to determine accurate and noninvasive prognostic factors in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. It was a cohort study on 16 subjects. Intracranial pressure was monitored within the first 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. Examination of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and S100B protein were conducted four times. The severity of outcome was evaluated using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) three months after traumatic brain injury. Intracranial pressure measurement performed 24 hours after traumatic brain injury, low S100B protein (<2μg/L) 120 hours after injury and increased BDNF (>6.16pg/ml) 48 hours after injury indicate good prognosis and were shown to be significant predictors (p<0.05) for determining the quality of GOS. The conclusion is patient with a moderate increase in intracranial pressure Intracranial pressure S100B protein, being inexpensive and non-invasive, can substitute BDNF and intracranial pressure measurements as a tool for determining prognosis 120 hours following traumatic brain injury.
Experiences of Suffering
Authors: Black Helen K. , Groce John T. , Harmon Charles E.
Published: March 2018

In prior research, elders recounted experiences of suffering as a rupture of the integrity of the person, thus a brokenness in body, mind, and spirit. Persons interviewed stated that their ethnicity, biography, history, and mental and physical health were integral to an experience of suffering. Likewise, the context of suffering—when in life it occurred, its cause, and its resolution—also was included in descriptions of suffering. Did male caregivers agree with this assessment? We welcomed caregiving respondents’ definitions of suffering and asked them to give examples in their own lives. This chapter also explores the experience of mourning the loved one who is still alive but lost within dementia or is enduring other illnesses.
African-American Men’s Belief Systems
Authors: Black Helen K. , Groce John T. , Harmon Charles E.
Published: March 2018

“A book about caregiving can’t be written,” one of our caregivers said, “without some discussion of our spiritual life.” Our caregiving respondents noted the importance of their religious and spiritual beliefs as a means for coping with the daily stress of caregiving. Men’s faith offered guidelines for the morality or “rightness” of caregiving. Prayer was a vehicle used to ask God for help, particularly when in distress. For the most part, men believed that God, Allah, or a Higher Power ultimately controlled the precariousness of the caregiving situation. Religious services and fellow church members often provided camaraderie and sometimes respite for the caregiver. Men’s faith became an internal well in which they laid conflicting emotions to rest and drew a continuing spring of strength and peace.
Debussy's Legacy and the Construction of Reputation
Authors: Wheeldon Marianne
Published: March 2018

This book examines the vicissitudes of Debussy’s posthumous reception in the 1920s and early 1930s and analyzes the confluence of factors that helped to overturn the initial backlash against his musical aesthetic. In tracing this overarching narrative, this study enters into dialogue with research in the sociology of reputation and commemoration, examining the collective nature of the processes of artistic consecration. Key in this regard is identifying the networks of influence that had to come together and act in several spheres—textual, performative, material—to safeguard the composer’s legacy. Today, Debussy’s position as a central figure in twentieth-century concert music is secure: this book examines how and why this seemingly inevitable state of affairs came about. Although this study focuses on one particular instance of reputation building, its scope is also broader in that it addresses the more general processes by which reputations are constructed, contested, and consolidated. And by analyzing the forces that came to bear on the formation of Debussy's legacy, this book contributes to a greater understanding of the interwar period—the cultural politics, debates, and issues that confronted musicians in 1920s and 1930s Paris.
Collective Memory and the Material Shaping of Debussy’s Legacy
Authors: Wheeldon Marianne
Published: March 2018

Chapter 5 considers the role of material culture by examining the campaign to erect a monument dedicated to the memory of Debussy. Rather than taking at face value the timeless, universal image that these monuments sought to project, this chapter focuses on the political, practical, and aesthetic realities that underpinned contemporary debates on how best to commemorate Debussy. Every step of this project of public commemoration was called into question: from the choice of sculptor, artistic style, subject matter, and location of the monument to the necessity of fashioning such an homage in the first place. In its turbulent fourteen-year history (1919–1933), this project encompassed three committees, five sculptors (Henry de Groux, Jan and Joël Martel, Antoine Bourdelle, and Aristide Maillol), and four proposed monuments and concluded with a highly successful international subscription that led to the inauguration of the two very different statues that stand today.
Development: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Goldin Ian
Published: March 2018

What do we mean by development? How can citizens, governments, and the international community foster development? The process by which nations escape poverty and achieve economic and social progress has been the subject of extensive examination for hundreds of years. The notion of development itself has evolved from an original preoccupation with incomes and economic growth to a much broader understanding of development. Development: A Very Short Introduction considers the contributions that education, health, gender, equity, and other dimensions of human well-being make to development, and discusses why it is also necessary to include the role of institutions and the rule of law as well as sustainability and environmental concerns.
3. Why are some countries rich and others poor?
Authors: Goldin Ian
Published: March 2018

‘Why are some countries rich and others poor?’ considers various theories of economic growth, including Robert Solow’s widely used 1956 model, and charts the uneven development of countries around the world from the late nineteenth century, through the twentieth century, and into the twenty-first century. Some countries, such as Japan and South Korea, have seen miraculous economic growth, whereas countries such as Argentina and Uruguay have not experienced expected levels of growth. The factors that affect development trajectories include natural resource endowments, geography, history, institutions, politics, and power. While overall levels of poverty have declined, levels of inequality are rising in almost all countries.