bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A Woman’s Degree Must End in the Kitchen”: Expectations of Women in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mulumeoderhwa Maroyi
Published: July 2021

This study draws on a qualitative approach to explore how adolescents perceive women’s and men’s roles in marriage and family life. A sample of 56 boys and girls aged 16–20 from two urban and two rural high schools in South Kivu province took part in focus groups, and 40 of them were subsequently interviewed individually. The results show that most male participants believe husbands should fill the breadwinner role, and expect wives to remain the primary caretakers. Female participants reported that men are reluctant to allow their wives to have a job despite their degrees. However, most female participants disapproved of the mentioned beliefs of expecting wives to remain home doing housework and the husband to be the only primary breadwinner. The majority of male and female participants identified socio-cultural pressure for men (rather than women) to acquire education, formal employment, and, eventually, household decision-making. There is a need to challenge the structures of rigid gender roles that relegate women to a secondary role in work, making them “naturally” responsible for domestic chores and childcare.
Postdivorce Coparenting Patterns and Relations With Adolescent Adjustment
Authors: Rejaän Zoë , van der Valk Inge E. , Branje Susan
Published: July 2021

This study examined the association between postdivorce coparenting patterns and adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior. Children after parental divorce increasingly grow up in shared residence arrangements, making postdivorce coparenting much more pertinent. The Coparenting Behavior Questionnaire was used to investigate the perceptions of 251 Dutch adolescents regarding postdivorce coparenting behaviors. Latent class analysis was used to identify coparenting patterns, and associations with adolescent outcomes were examined. Four distinct postdivorce coparenting patterns were identified: cooperative, negatively engaged, negatively disengaged, and average. Adolescents of parents with a cooperative pattern reported the least amount of internalizing and externalizing problems, whereas adolescents with negatively engaged parents reported the most internalizing problems. In line with family systems theory, interactions in the coparental subsystem are associated with adolescent adjustment and can therefore be viewed as both a risk and protective factor.
How Does Law Prescribe Circulation of Children? Understanding Different Kinds of Movement Within the Adoption Law in India
Authors: Bose Chandan
Published: July 2021

This article looks at how adoption law prescribes correct contexts for the legitimate movement of children. It is specifically an analysis of the Adoption Regulation of India, 2017, and the Juvenile Justice Act 2015, and the way in which they warrant three kinds of movement of children through adoption: ‘abandonment’/’surrender’, ‘return’ and ‘giving and taking’. By investigating the precise way in which law formulates definition of these terms, this article attempts to understand how legal terminology comes to affect the kind of sites that the biological family, the state and the adoptive family end up becoming.
When citizen science is public relations
Authors: Blacker Sarah , Kimura Aya H , Kinchy Abby
Published: July 2021

Amid rising interest in participatory research, some industries have recently begun to practice public relations citizen science (PRCS). Unlike citizen science and crowdsourcing projects that generate raw materials for product development, PRCS benefits capitalist firms primarily by improving their public image and deflecting accusations of causing harm. Three cases illustrate how PRCS works: (1) a growing assortment of citizen science projects associated with Antarctic tourism, (2) an initiative to document biodiversity, linked to Canada’s oil and gas industry, and (3) a study sponsored by Biology Fortified, a nonprofit organization that works to communicate positive information about agricultural biotechnology. Scientists and research organizations may have legitimate reasons for entering into these partnerships, but PRCS can benefit industries in problematic ways. First, by supporting environmental science, PRCS can attach a ‘sustainable’ image to a polluting industry, without changing its core practices. Second, PRCS can accumulate data and steer volunteers’ observations in ways that undermine claims about the harms caused by the industry’s practices or products. Finally, in some cases, PRCS organizers hope to induce people to view an industry more ‘rationally’ than those who make ‘emotional’ or ‘ideological’ claims about its harms.
Structural design of offshore wind turbine blade spars
Authors: Boudounit Hicham , Tarfaoui Mostapha , Saifaoui Dennoun , El Garouge Salwa
Published: July 2021

The structural design of spars for horizontal axis wind turbine blades to achieve satisfactory levels of performance starts with the knowledge of aerodynamic forces acting on the blades. The present paper proposes a comparative study of the geometries of three spars designed for a 48 m long composite blade. The spars are evaluated under compression, bending loads as well as on free vibration. Different Subroutines have been developed and coupled with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software to analyze the mechanical performances and the qualities of each one of the three designed spars. In other words, it seeks not only to define the behavior and response of each one of the spars and the effect of composite materials on the improvement of the structure stiffness and weight, but also to determine the suitable spars type for the wind turbine blade and the results shows that the Box spars offers a compromise of the main parameters.
Strain monitoring of wind turbines using a semi-autonomous drone
Authors: Khadka Ashim , Afshar Arash , Zadeh Mehrdad , Baqersad Javad
Published: July 2021

In this work, an approach is proposed that can perform a nondestructive evaluation of wind turbine structures using a non-contact, three-dimensional full-field optical digital image correlation (DIC) technique. This approach can quantify the level of strain and loading conditions that rotating structures such as wind turbines experience during operation. The optical technique does not interfere with the structural functionality of the wind turbine. Moreover, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for remote inspection enables robust measurements for periodic inspection. The strain obtained using the proposed approach is validated using strain gauges mounted on the blades. A control algorithm is designed for the UAV to stabilized and obtain the desired field of interest and working distance based on the turbine size. Blending the benefits of the remote accessibility of UAVs and full-field dynamic evaluation of structures using strain data obtained with DIC is a novel method of monitoring wind turbines.
Saudi scholars’ perceptions and use of open government data portals at Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shehata Ahmed , Elgllab Mohamed
Published: July 2021

This article reports the findings of a study on open data usage among Saudi scholars. It investigates the sample’s perceptions of open data and open data portals. The study reported the factors affecting the participants’ decision to use open data and aimed to understand Saudi researchers’ practices and perceptions related to the use and sharing of open data. It adopted a quantitative approach and a questionnaire was distributed to and collected from 190 Saudi academic staff to measure their perceptions, their open data usage, the benefits of open data, and the factors that significantly impacted their open data utilization. The findings reveal that 42.1% of Saudi researchers used government open data portals and regularly visited open data portals provided by the university and the government mainly for research purposes. The results also indicate that open data portals enabled Saudi researchers to obtain useful data for their research while giving them the tools to visualize and understand the data.
School Bus Routing Problem with a Mixed Ride, Mixed Load, and Heterogeneous Fleet
Authors: Li Mengyun , Chow Joseph Y. J.
Published: July 2021

Special education students are usually routed on different buses than non-disabled general education students. To make the routes more efficient, this study proposes serving general students and special education students on the same bus at the same time (mixed ride) while allowing heterogeneous fleets and mixed loads. ESRI Location-Allocation tools and Google OR-Tools are used for bus stop selection, route generation, and bus stop optimization. Parallel cheapest insertion heuristic and metaheuristic, simulated annealing, are adopted to generate school bus routes. The effectiveness of the mixed ride approach is tested for three schools with 178 synthetic students’ locations data (including 12 with wheelchair) in New York City using a fleet of 14 buses spread over four types. The results show the mixed ride approach achieved 14.32% reduction in total travel distance and 10.46% reduction in total travel time. The mixed ride approach tends to return solutions with fewer vehicles and fewer bus stops, less average travel distance, and shorter average travel time.
Corner Case Generation and Analysis for Safety Assessment of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Sun Haowei , Feng Shuo , Yan Xintao , Liu Henry X.
Published: July 2021

Testing and evaluation is a crucial step in the development and deployment of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). To comprehensively evaluate the performance of CAVs, it is necessary to test the CAVs in safety-critical scenarios, which rarely happen in a naturalistic driving environment. Therefore, how to purposely and systematically generate these corner cases becomes an important problem. Most existing studies focus on generating adversarial examples for perception systems of CAVs, whereas limited efforts have been put into decision-making systems, which is the highlight of this paper. As the CAVs need to interact with numerous background vehicles (BVs) for a long duration, variables that define the corner cases are usually high-dimensional, which makes the generation a challenging problem. In this paper, a unified framework is proposed to generate corner cases for decision-making systems. To address the challenge brought by high dimensionality, the driving environment is formulated based on the Markov decision process, and the deep reinforcement learning techniques are applied to learn the behavior policy of BVs. With the learned policy, BVs behave and interact with the CAVs more aggressively, resulting in more corner cases. To further analyze the generated corner cases, the techniques of feature extraction and clustering are utilized. By selecting representative cases of each cluster and outliers, the valuable corner cases can be identified from all generated corner cases. Simulation results of a highway driving environment show that the proposed methods can effectively generate and identify the valuable corner cases.
Systematic Review of Injuries in the Men’s and Women’s National Basketball Association
Authors: Lian Jayson , Sewani Faraz , Dayan Isaac , Voleti Pramod B. , Gonzalez David , Levy I. Martin , Musahl Volker , Allen Answorth
Published: July 2021

Background:

Numerous studies have reported the incidence and outcomes of injuries in the men’s and women’s National Basketball Association (NBA and WNBA, respectively).

Purpose:

To synthesize published data regarding the incidence and outcomes of all injuries in the NBA and WNBA in a comprehensive review.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we searched 3 electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase) for studies of all levels of evidence since 1990 pertaining to injuries sustained by active players in the NBA and WNBA. Studies were excluded if the cohort of interest included ≤3 active players.

Results:

The initial search of the 3 databases yielded 1253 unique studies, of which 49 met final inclusion criteria for this review. Only 4 studies included athletes in the WNBA. Based on the mean annual incidence, the 5 most common orthopaedic sports injuries sustained in the NBA were concussions (9.5-14.9 per year), fractures of the hand (3.5-5.5 per year), lower extremity stress fractures (4.8 per year), meniscal tears (2.3-3.3 per year), and anterior cruciate ligament tears (1.5-2.6 per year). Cartilage defects treated using microfracture, Achilles tendon ruptures, and anterior cruciate ligament injuries were 3 injuries that led to significant reductions in performance measurements after injury.

Conclusion:

With advances in sports technology and statistical analysis, there is rapidly growing interest in injuries among professional basketball athletes. High-quality prospective studies are needed to understand the prevalence and effect of injuries on player performance and career length. This information can inform preventative and treatment measures taken by health care providers to protect players and guide safe return to play at a high level.
Factor Structure of the Shoulder Instability Return to Sport After Injury Scale: Performance Confidence, Reinjury Fear and Risk, Emotions, Rehabilitation and Surgery
Authors: Olds Margie , Webster Kate E.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Rates of return to play after shoulder dislocation vary between 48% and 96%, and there has been scant attention given to the psychosocial factors that influence return to play after a shoulder injury.

Purpose:

To establish the factor structure of the Shoulder Return to Sport after Injury (SI-RSI) scale and examine how the SI-RSI is associated with the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The SI-RSI is designed to measure psychological readiness to return to play after shoulder dislocation and was administered to participants who had at least 1 episode of shoulder dislocation and were planning or had returned to sports. The WOSI was also completed by the participants, and descriptive data were gathered. Reliability (Cronbach α) and factor analysis of the SI-RSI were undertaken. Correlations between the SI-RSI and WOSI were made, and differences between various patient subgroups (first-time dislocations vs multiple episodes of instability, surgery vs no surgery, return to sports vs no return) were analyzed.

Results:

The SI-RSI had high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.84) and was shown to have 4 distinct factors that represented the following constructs: performance confidence, reinjury fear and risk, emotions, and rehabilitation and surgery. Moderate correlations were seen between SI-RSI and WOSI scores. Participants who had undergone surgery scored significantly lower on the reinjury fear and risk subscale of the SI-RSI ( P = .04). Those who had sustained multiple dislocations were significantly more concerned about having to undergo rehabilitation and surgery again ( P = .007). Participants who had returned to sports had significantly greater fear and thought they were more at risk of reinjury ( P = .02).

Conclusion:

Athletes return to sports after a shoulder dislocation despite reporting high levels of fear and concern for their shoulder. High levels of fear and concern may underpin why rates of recurrent shoulder instability are so high. Four distinct elements of psychological readiness appeared to be present in this patient group.
Finance Capitalism versus Industrial Capitalism: The Rentier Resurgence and Takeover
Authors: Hudson Michael
Published: July 2021

Marx and many of his less radical contemporary reformers saw the historical role of industrial capitalism as being to clear away the legacy of feudalism—the landlords, bankers, and monopolists extracting economic rent without producing real value. However, that reform movement failed. Today, the finance, insurance, and real estate (FIRE) sector has regained control of government, creating neo-rentier economies. The aim of this postindustrial finance capitalism is the opposite of industrial capitalism as known to nineteenth-century economists: it seeks wealth primarily through the extraction of economic rent, not industrial capital formation. Tax favoritism for real estate, privatization of oil and mineral extraction, and banking and infrastructure monopolies add to the cost of living and doing business. Labor is increasingly exploited by bank debt, student debt, and credit card debt while housing and other prices are inflated on credit, leaving less income to spend on goods and services as economies suffer debt deflation. Today’s new Cold War is a fight to internationalize this rentier capitalism by globally privatizing and financializing transportation, education, health care, prisons and policing, the post office and communications, and other sectors that formerly were kept in the public domain. In Western economies, such privatizations have reversed the drive of industrial capitalism. In addition to monopoly prices for privatized services, financial managers are cannibalizing industry by leveraging debt and high-dividend payouts to increase stock prices.

JEL Classification: B26, N20, B51
Unwanted little pony: Ann Alvarez’ concept of ‘live company’ reflected in a mixed group of autistic and non-autistic children
Authors: Shalev Moti
Published: July 2021

In recent years, group psychotherapy with children has become increasingly common. Patients referred to such groups often include children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders, thereby confronting therapists with the question of whether to create integrated groups, including children with a broad range of difficulties, or exclusive groups for autistic patients. While it is commonly held that autistic patients need structured groups and find it difficult to benefit from an analytic group (Behr and Hearst, 2008), the author wishes to demonstrate the value of establishing mixed, analytically-oriented groups, with autistic and non-autistic members, through the presentation of a year in the life of such a group, comprised of children aged 11 to 13. Alongside group-analytic conceptualizations, the group and its processes are discussed through Alvarez’s concepts of live company and reclamation. In addition, the role of shared free play is addressed as the counterpart of free-floating discussion in an analytic group for adults and its contribution to gaining insight into the group’s dynamics and unconscious processes is explored. Alongside their clinical benefits, the establishment of integrated groups, which include both autistic and non-autistic children, is congruent with the spirit of group analysis, which views the deficiencies and disorders of individuals as essentially embedded in social and cultural contexts, as collective disorders that belong to society at large and should be addressed at that level (Foulkes, 1971).
Republicanism and populism: Articulation of plurality or plebeian democratism?
Authors: Chaguaceda Armando , Camero Ysrrael
Published: July 2021

This article addresses – from a theoretical and historical perspective – the discussion on republicanism and populism, in connection to different ways of conceiving political modernity. It places republicanism and populism within the framework of contemporary democracies in the Latin American context, looking at the reciprocal interaction between these political traditions, and their relevance for understanding the current challenges of the liberal model in the region.
Ready for Online? Exploring EFL Teachers’ ICT Acceptance and ICT Literacy During COVID-19 in Mainland China
Authors: Li Bingqing
Published: July 2021

This study sought to understand whether and how a group of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in mainland China were ready for the emergency remote teaching triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and explains the underlying mechanisms that influenced their readiness. The urgency of the sudden shift to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated teachers' acceptance and literacy of technologies, but so far, little study has touched on this area. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model and the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge conceptual frameworks, a mixed-methods online survey was designed to collect data among 186 high school EFL teachers in China about four months after the governmental response plan of online teaching. The results show participants were overall affirmative in acceptance and knowledge, implying their general readiness for the ICT use in COVID-19 emergency remote teaching. However, there were pressing problems with integrating technology with pedagogy and subject teaching. This study extends previous research by helping understand teachers' most recent adoption of ICT during an unprecedented crisis, informing future ICT training, and predicting their future technological behaviour.
Development of a Palliative Care Approach for Primary Progressive Aphasia: My Experience as a Person Living With This Rare Disorder
Authors: Douglas Joanne T.
Published: July 2021

Frontotemporal disorders are a group of rare young-onset dementias for which there is no cure, nor is there any way to slow the underlying progressive brain degeneration. To date those affected have typically received very little, if any, follow-up care after diagnosis, particularly in the early stages of their disease. I have received a clinical diagnosis, supported by imaging, of primary progressive aphasia, a form of frontotemporal degeneration characterized in the initial phase by progressive impairment of language ability. From the onset, I have been fortunate to receive excellent ongoing palliative care from a multidisciplinary team, some of whom had never previously seen anyone with this disorder. My quality of life has been enhanced by an evolving range of creative strategies and adaptations targeted to my deficits as they have arisen. In this paper, I discuss my experience of the process underlying this personalized plan, which serves as a paradigm for the development of novel palliative care approaches for people living with rare disorders, both neurodegenerative diseases and other conditions.
Ameliorating hydroxychloroquine induced retinal toxicity through cerium oxide nanoparticle treatments
Authors: Dhillon Baltej , Singh Sushant , Keifer Jason , Kumar Udit , Shaikh Saad , Ho Son , Seal Sudipta
Published: July 2021

The present study investigated the potential protective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) on human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells damaged by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Toxicity of HCQ on the ARPE-19 cells was explored with a dose response trial. CNP rescue both a pre-treatment protocol, where CNP were applied 24 hours prior to HCQ application and a simultaneous treatment protocol where both CNP and HCQ were applied together, were used. In the dose response trial, 250 µM HCQ showed 51.84% cell viability after 24 hours and 32.75% after 48 hours time period. This was selected as model HCQ dose for rescue trials. The simultaneous treatment trials did not show a significant increase in viability compared to model toxic dose. The CNP pre-treatment trials showed a significant increase in cellular viability compared to model toxic dose with 68.03% ± 3.27 viability (p = 4.56E−05) at 24 hours and 51.85% ± 4.96 (p = 1.18E−05) at 48 hours time period. CNP pre-treatment showed significant protection of cells from HCQ induced toxicity. The difference in efficacy of simultaneous and pre-treatment is hypothesized to lie in the cellular localization of CNP. Furthermore, including the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties of CNP seems to be responsible for protection, the effect of CNP on autophagosome and lysosome colocalization are also hypothesized to play a significant role.
Effects of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrator and Victim Race on Protective Order Determinations
Authors: Winstead Alexandria P. , Stevenson Margaret C.
Published: July 2021

The legal granting of temporary and permanent protective orders prohibits a perpetrator from engaging in contact with the victim. Although protective orders reduce risk of re-abuse, very little research has explored factors that predict the likelihood that a victim is granted a protective order. Thus, we conducted an archival analysis on data previously collected from a Protection Order Assistance Office in a midwestern region of the United States, testing the influence of victim and perpetrator race on protective order allocations. Specifically, we coded data gathered from 490 petitioners (i.e., victims) seeking a protective order against a perpetrator of intimate partner violence, stalking, or sexual offending. Analyses revealed that racial minority victims were significantly less likely to receive a temporary protective order compared to White victims – effects that were exacerbated when the perpetrator was White (versus racial minority). These results are in line with existing research and theory regarding aversive racism. Implications for theory, policy, and practice are discussed.
Revictimization Patterns Among Unhoused Youth
Authors: Wright Naomi M. , Milligan Tara , Bender Kimberly , DePrince Anne P.
Published: July 2021

Young people experiencing houselessness are at high risk for revictimization. As has been identified in other populations, symptoms of psychological distress may be an indirect pathway by which initial victimization may increase risk for later revictimization among youth experiencing houselessness. The current study used cross-sectional mediation analyses to examine the hypothesis that there would be an indirect effect of interpersonal victimization that occurred before young people left home on subsequent victimization while experiencing houselessness, through posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms. Youth ( N = 245) residing in a shelter provided responses during an in-person interview screening prior to participating in a larger clinical study. Relevant to the current study, youth reported victimization experiences before and after leaving home (Childhood Trauma and Juvenile Victimization Questionnaires, respectively), and PTSD and depression symptoms on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Results replicated and extended previous findings determining high rates of victimization among houseless young people both before (92%) and after (75%) leaving home. Further, exposure to more types of childhood victimization significantly predicted likelihood of experiencing more types of victimization after leaving home. Significant indirect effects of childhood victimization risk on revictimization after leaving home were found, occurring through both PTSD and depression symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of existing theories of revictimization, with particular emphasis on the state-dependence theory of victimization. These findings have implications for intervention with young people experiencing houselessness, particularly with regard to addressing the consequences of childhood victimization and trauma-informed support systems.
Dating Violence, Protection Orders, and Gender Inequality: A Cross-state Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
Authors: Brandt Katherine , Johnson-Motoyama Michelle
Published: July 2021

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a public health crisis that organizations and individuals in several fields are working to prevent and address. State lawmakers are a group with substantial power to address TDV and intimate partner violence (IPV) through policies including Civil Protection Order (CPO) statutes. Understanding the factors that influence how state legislators craft TDV and IPV policies and how those policies are implemented can lead to policy processes that better serve survivors. Past research suggests the level of gender inequality in a state may be an important influence on TDV policies. This study used a case study approach to compare the processes of adding individuals in dating relationships to CPO statutes in a subset of states ( n = 3) with high, middle, and low levels of gender inequality. Results did not suggest that gender inequality was related to variation between states but rather that it was a larger factor that creates the need for TDV policies at all. Relationships between the state IPV coalitions and lawmakers and the historical moment that laws were considered emerged as important factors in interstate variation. Future research can build on these results by further exploring the role of gender inequality in policy processes with additional states or policies and by examining the factors identified here in greater depth. Implications for practice are also discussed.
Concealed Carrying on Campus in the Post–Virginia Tech Era: Dimensions of State Regulation and Differences in Contexts of Influence Within Them
Authors: Sloan John J. , Fisher Bonnie S.
Published: July 2021

Debates over concealed carrying of guns on campus (CCOC) usually classify states as either “allowing” or “prohibiting” CCOC, thus ignoring research revealing state firearm regulatory frameworks are more nuanced. This study examined whether such subtleties existed in state CCOC regulatory frameworks by analyzing states’ 2018 CCOC regulatory provisions. Results showed that states used a multi-categorical restrictiveness-by-institutional discretion framework to regulate CCOC. In addition, indicators of intrastate contexts of influence (firearms, political, and religious) on regulatory policy differed across categories of restrictiveness and institutional discretion. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant differences in indicators of states’ political contexts, and post hoc comparisons of paired marginal means revealed significant differences in political indicators between states prohibiting CCOC and those allowing or those with mixed restrictiveness, and between states according schools full discretion and those according schools no discretion. Implications of the results are discussed for state-level research on firearms regulation and the ongoing CCOC debate.
Robotics in Teaching-Learning: But in Nursing?
Authors: Yancey Nan Russell
Published: July 2021

In this teaching-learning column, the use of robotic technology is explored as a possible adjunctive assistant to faculty. Given the advances in technology and the imposed restrictions of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, a discussion of using robotic technology in the teaching-learning of nursing seems timely and relevant. Questions to consider are explored. Then a concern and a possibility are presented for incorporating this advancing technology into teaching-learning from a humanbecoming perspective. Faculty are encouraged to enter into a deeper dialogue with colleagues in exploring options for incorporating robots with the caveat that the core of teaching-learning must remain the presence of teacher with student on the co-created never ending journey of the unfolding mystery in coming-to-know.
The use of implicit persuasion in decision-making about treatment for end-stage kidney disease
Authors: van Dulmen Sandra , Peereboom Emma , Schulze Lotte , Prantl Karen , Rookmaaker Maarten , van Jaarsveld Brigit C , Abrahams Alferso C , Roodbeen Ruud
Published: July 2021

Background:

There are various options for managing end-stage kidney disease. Each option impacts the lives of patients differently. When weighing the pros and cons of the different options, patients’ values, needs and preferences should, therefore, be taken into account. However, despite the best intentions, nephrologists may, more or less deliberately, convey a treatment preference and thereby steer the decision-making process. Being aware of such implicit persuasion could help to further optimise shared decision-making (SDM). This study explores verbal acts of implicit persuasion during outpatient consultations scheduled to make a final treatment decision. These consultations mark the end of a multi-consultation, educational process and summarise treatment aspects discussed previously.

Methods:

Observations of video-recorded outpatient consultations in nephrology ( n = 20) were used to capture different forms of implicit persuasion. To this purpose, a coding scheme was developed.

Results:

In nearly every consultation nephrologists used some form of implicit persuasion. Frequently observed behaviours included selectively presenting treatment options, benefits and harms, and giving the impression that undergoing or foregoing treatment is unusual. The extent to which nephrologists used these behaviours differed.

Conclusion:

The use of implicit persuasion while discussing different kidney replacement modalities appears diverse and quite common. Nephrologists should be made aware of these behaviours as implicit persuasion might prevent patients to become knowledgeable in each treatment option, thereby affecting SDM and causing decisional regret. The developed coding scheme for observing implicit persuasion elicits useful and clinically relevant examples which could be used when providing feedback to nephrologists.
STI policy and governance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Fostering actors’ interactions in research and innovation
Authors: Twiringiyimana Remy , Daniels Chux , Chataway Joanna
Published: July 2021

This study investigates science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy and governance in relation to research and innovation (R&I) ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To understand the implications of STI policy and governance on R&I, the authors focus on university, industry and government actors; using the Triple Helix and National Systems of Innovation approaches as analytical frameworks to guide the study. The authors identify a range of factors hindering R&I actors’ interactions, including gaps in STI governance responsibilities and accountabilities, policymaking and structural transitions, R&I management capacity and capability gaps. Based on the findings, they propose changes to policymaking and the governance of R&I in SSA, in addition to advancing innovative approaches such as ‘resource circulation’ in the context of knowledge, research and science infrastructure scarcity. The findings provide fresh insights into STI policy and governance frameworks, fostering actors’ interactions and supporting performance improvements in research, science and innovation systems across Africa.
Examining the “in-between” of public encounters: Evidence from two seemingly disparate policy contexts
Authors: Samanta Aritree , Hand Laura
Published: July 2021

Face-to-face encounters, where public administrators and citizens interact, are one of the primary ways the public experiences the state. Recognized as crucial to the relationship between citizens and government for decades, scholarship on public encounters has developed around understanding the legal, organizational, and individual factors that affect the decision making of street-level bureaucrats. Research argues that what happens within public encounters are important contributing factors influencing street-level bureaucrats’ decision-making behaviors. This requires an approach examining the conditions under which encounters come to be, how the encounters are designed, the interpersonal and contingent communicative processes used, and the methods by which they are created and maintained by public administrators and citizens alike. We focus on these aspects through the concept of the in-between: the existential, processual space where interactions happen and produce something. Drawing primarily on Hannah Arendt’s writings on the human effort involved in creation of the in-between space, and Mary Parker Follett’s concepts of interweaving, we add to the conceptual framework of the in-between.
Mechanism and influence factors of hydraulic fluctuations in a pump-turbine
Authors: Fu Xiaolong , Li Deyou , Wang Hongjie , Zhang Guanghui , Wei Xianzhu
Published: July 2021

Pumped-storage power technology is currently the only available energy storage technology in the grid net, and its reliability is receiving attention increasingly. However, when a pump-turbine unit undergoes runaway transitions, hydraulic fluctuations intensively affect the reliable operation of a pumped-storage power station. To reduce hydraulic fluctuations, this study investigated the formation mechanism of hydraulic fluctuations and explored its influence factors. In this study, a developed one-dimensional and three-dimensional (1 D-3D) coupling simulation method was adopted. Transient runaway transitions of a pump-turbine with three different inertias (0.5 J, 1 J, and 2.0 J) at three different guide vane openings (21°, 15°, and 12°, respectively) were simulated and compared. The results suggest that, at smaller guide vane openings (15° and 12°), water hammer owing to the increase in rotational speed is the primary unstable issue compared to the pulsation of radial hydraulic exciting forces on the runner. However, at a larger guide vane opening (21°), the latter owing to the back-flow near the runner inlet is the primary unstable issue. Moreover, it is found that a sufficiently large inertia improves the hydraulic fluctuations of the pump-storage power station, particularly in reducing the pulsation of radial hydraulic exciting loads on the runner. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference for determining suitable rotor inertia.
Big Data and Sustainable Consumption: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Chandra Shobhana , Verma Sanjeev
Published: July 2021

Big data (BD) is making advances in promoting sustainable consumption behaviour and has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide. Despite the increased focus, the findings of studies on this topic are fragmented, and future researchers need a systematic understanding of the existing literature for identification of the research scope. This study offers a systematic review of the role of BD in promoting sustainable-consumption behaviour with the help of a bibliometric analysis, followed by a thematic analysis. The findings suggest that businesses deploy BD to create sustainable consumer experiences, predict consumer buying patterns, design and alter business models and create nudges for sustainable consumption, while consumers are forcing businesses to develop green operations and supply chains to reduce the latter’s carbon footprint. The major research gaps for future researchers are in the following areas: the impact of big data analytics (BDA) on consumerism, the role of BD in the formation of sustainable habits and consumer knowledge creation for sustainable consumption and prediction of green consumer behaviour.
Book review: J. P. Panda, The Korean Peninsula and Indo-Pacific Power Politics
Authors: John Jojin V.
Published: July 2021

J. P. Panda, The Korean Peninsula and Indo-Pacific Power Politics. Routledge, 2020, pp. 272, £96.00 (hardback). ISBN 9780367364236.
Australia and pandemics v BLM: No, Love Lost (at the High Court) Part I
Authors: Wood Asmi
Published: July 2021

Whatever else may have been their shortcoming with respect to coloured people, the founding fathers clearly did not view Indigenous peoples as aliens. They made it clear that Indigenous peoples were a state issue and that their regulation was to be local. The founding fathers also did not (or probably could not) ethnically cleanse the continent and did not appear to attempt to do so. In seeking to deport two Aboriginal men the current executive are attempting to do what not even the most racist of their forebears did not dare. In Love, in a wafer‐thin majority, the High Court has created a wafer‐thin layer of protection for Indigenous persons in the class of the plaintiffs. This two part article calls on the non-Indigenous peoples, who now share this continent to shake off their apathy and force their recalcitrant leaders to ‘do the right thing by Blacks’ something they claim to have done for the immigrants to this continent.
M.C. v. Antelope Valley Union High School District (2017): Implications for Special Educators
Authors: Yell Mitchell L. , Prince Angela M. T. , Katsiyannis Antonis
Published: July 2021

Five days after the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its ruling in Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a decision in M.C. v. Antelope Valley Union High School District. This important decision involved a student who was being served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The student was blind and required a high level of support in all academic areas. The case addressed important issues regarding parental participation throughout the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process and the school district’s obligation to implement the IEP. This column (a) examines this decision by providing the facts of the case, including the decisions at the due process hearing level, U.S. district court, and U.S. Court of Appeals; (b) explores the ruling by the court of appeals decision; and (c) discusses implications of this decision for special education administrators and teachers.
A Multilevel Study of Group Affective Tone and Team Innovation: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Huang Liang-Chih , Liu Yujing , Cheung Gordon Wai-hung , Sun Jian-min
Published: July 2021

Drawing on broaden-and-build theory and threat-rigidity hypothesis, we theorized and tested a multilevel model to examine the moderating effects of transformational leadership (TFL) on the team-level process that links positive/negative group affective tone (PGAT/NGAT) to team innovation via information elaboration. Data were collected from 299 team members and 65 leaders from Taiwanese companies at two time points. The multilevel path analysis demonstrated support for a positive indirect effect of PGAT on team innovation via information elaboration and a negative indirect effect of NGAT on team innovation via information elaboration. The positive indirect effect of PGAT on team innovation via information elaboration was found to be stronger when TFL was high rather than low. However, TFL did not attenuate the negative effects of NGAT. Negative group affective tone was negatively related to information elaboration when TFL was high, whereas NGAT had no significant relationship with information elaboration when TFL was low. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Parents’ Perspectives on Guided Parent-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Anxiety Disorders: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Allard Charlotte , Thirlwall Kerstin , Cooper Peter , Brown Alex , O’Brien Doireann , Creswell Cathy
Published: July 2021

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for child anxiety disorders. Low-intensity forms of CBT, such as guided parent-delivered CBT (GPD-CBT), have been developed to increase access; however, it is unclear why some children benefit from this treatment and others do not. This qualitative study aimed to increase understanding of parents’ experiences of GPD-CBT and what facilitates and creates barriers to good outcomes. The sample was derived from a sample of families who took part in long-term follow-up assessments (reported in). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Two themes containing five subthemes were developed from the data. Theme 1 described factors influencing the experience of GPD-CBT. Theme 2 described perceived outcomes in the child and wider changes within the family. The identification of facilitators and barriers to the success of GPD-CBT could inform and improve future treatment delivery.
A Systematic Review of General Educator Behavior Management Training
Authors: Samudre Mark D. , LeJeune Lauren M. , Ascetta Kate E. , Dollinger Hannah
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this review was to systematically analyze the literature on behavior management training for general educators (Pre–K-12). We identified 74 articles in which general educators were trained to implement a behavior management strategy. General educators were most commonly trained to implement behavior-specific praise ( n = 12), Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams ( n = 8), or a multi-component intervention package (i.e., a student-level intervention that included a number of strategies; n = 21). The two most common training components were initial training provided in a one-on-one format ( n = 30) and the inclusion of ongoing coaching ( n = 29). Thirty-nine articles included measures of practitioner fidelity or discrete behaviors (e.g., behavior-specific praise) within the context of an experimental design. We evaluated methodological rigor and evidence of effectiveness of these 39 articles using What Works Clearinghouse standards. Eleven articles included group design studies, nine (81.82%) of which met standards with or without reservations, and four designs had promising evidence of effectiveness. Twenty-eight articles included a total of 49 single-case research designs, of which 27 designs (55.10%) met standards with or without reservations, and 23 designs provided moderate to strong evidence of effectiveness. Directions for future research and implications for the field are provided.
Healthy Smile, Happy Child: partnering with Manitoba First Nations and Metis communities for better early childhood oral health
Authors: Kyoon-Achan Grace , Schroth Robert , DeMaré Daniella , Sturym Melina , Sanguins Julianne , Chartrand Frances , Campbell Rhonda , Edwards Jeanette , Lavoie Josée , Moffatt Michael
Published: July 2021

Indigenous populations in Canada are disproportionately affected by early childhood caries. The Healthy Smile, Happy Child initiative utilizes a community development approach to encourage community uptake of evidence-based early childhood oral health promotion strategies. Sharing circles and focus groups elicited First Nations and Metis (Indigenous peoples of mixed Indigenous-European, primarily French, ancestry) views on the challenges of keeping children caries-free. We share participants’ experiences and viewpoints on implementation research strategies, principles and protocols that are sensitive to Indigenous community-based contexts.
Designing a deep intercultural curriculum in higher education: co-constructing knowledge with Indigenous women
Authors: Weise Crista , Alvarez Ibis M , Sarapura Natalia
Published: July 2021

The development of intercultural curriculum in contexts with Indigenous populations has usually been approached from the perspective of the hegemonic culture, which has strengthened its assimilatory and acculturative character, subalternating Indigenous knowledge. Following a community-based participatory action research, this study aims to contribute from the participants’ voices, to establish the basis of an intercultural curriculum considering the dialogue of Indigenous and academic knowledge systems. The study involved 99 Indigenous and non-Indigenous representatives from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina, involving 33 Indigenous communities. The results point to six fundamental challenges considering the inclusion in the curriculum of Indigenous spiritualities, the concept of good living, healing, gender perspectives from their worldview and strengthening leadership, as well as considering an in-depth perspective of interculturality, complementarity, and reciprocity as methodological principles. The process developed provides a model for the collective construction of knowledge based on participation and communities’ voices.