bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow and heat transfer past a stretching surface in porous medium with slip condition
Authors: Wahid N S , Arifin N M , Turkyilmazoglu M , Rahmin N A A , Hafidzuddin M E H
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we investigate the flow of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid over a linear stretching surface in porous medium with slip condition. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to non-linear ordinary differential equations with the aid of similarity transformation. The transformed equations and boundary conditions are then solved by using exact analytical method. The flow field is affected by the presence of physical parameters, such as Casson fluid parameter, magnetohydrodynamic parameter, velocity slip parameter, porosity parameter, and suction/injection, whereas the temperature field is additionally affected by magnetohydrodynamic, thermal radiation, Prandtl and Eckert numbers. The effects of the pertinent physical parameters on the velocity and temperature fields are presented through graphs and discussed. Skin friction and heat transfer coefficients are tabulated and analyzed.
Equilibrium Isotherm Models for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Wastewater
Authors: Othman M S , Sheikh Hussin S A , Rambli A , Zahid Z
Published: November 2019

This research evaluates the equilibrium isotherm models for the adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) from wastewater by using sawdust red wood and beech wood. The sawdust acts as the low-cost adsorbent by using agriculture by product in order to treat the wastewaters. The objectives for this study are two folds. Firstly, to choose the significant factors (parameters) for the adsorption process. The factors applied in this study are mass of the adsorbent, concentration of the MB solution, pH of the MB solution and contact time between adsorbent and adsorbate. Secondly to determine the best isotherm model on the adsorption process of MB by sawdust. The isotherm models used in this research are Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin. Results show that concentration of MB solution is the one and only significant factor for the adsorption process to occur using red wood. Mass of adsorbate, concentration of MB solution and pH of MB solution are the significant factors for the adsorption process to occur using beech wood. The result for the second objective shows that Freundlich is the best model that describe the adsorption process of beech wood as for MB by red wood, Temkin is the best model.
LINTAS-LC 1.0: Modeling and Simulation of Traffic in Lingkar Cileunyi Bandung Indonesia
Authors: Harahap E , Darmawan D , Badruzzaman FH
Published: November 2019

Smooth traffic is one of the parameters of the government’s good performance in managing the transportation system. The smoothness of traffic plays an important role in improving community development which covers the fields of economy, social, culture, education and technology. Along with the increase in population, traffic becomes more congested and occurs in various places. This situation will reduce the level of productivity, economy, social and welfare of the community, while increasing air pollution and waste of fuel. One of the congested locations that make concern is the path of Cileunyi road, which is located in the Cibiru sub-district and Cileunyi district bordering Bandung City and the Regency, Indonesia. The traffic congestion occurs starting from the starting point of Cinunuk road to the end by length 2.9 Km. The Cinunuk road is the only non-highway road that connects traffic in the northern region the south and east region. This resulted in a high volume of vehicles going through the route, so that traffic congestions occur every day from 6am to 11pm, and it’s getting worst on the day before weekend or holiday. An alternative solution that is relatively appropriate, effective, and efficient to solve the congestion problem is to build an alternative route known as the circle lane of cileunyi (lingkar cileunyi - LC). This route is a new road that planned by government through a different area with the Cinunuk road for the purpose of breaking down the traffic congestion. In this article, we propose a traffic simulation system to preview the traffic situation on the Cinunuk and the LC road, which is named as “LINTAS-LC 1.0”. The simulator is intended to analyse and simulate the level of congestion that occurs in the Cinunuk road, and make a feasibility study on the discourse on the development of the LC road. Through the LINTAS-LC simulator, it is expected to predict the effectiveness of LC road development in describing congestion in the Cinunuk road. The LINTAS-LC simulator is compiled using the SimEvents-MATLAB toolbox on the basis of Mathematics, specifically the queuing theory.
G-Jitter Induced Natural Convection Nanofluid Flow with Mass Transfer in The Stagnation Point Region of a Three Dimensional Body
Authors: Ahmad Kamal Mohamad Hidayad , Rawi Noraihan Afiqah , Ali Anati , Shafie Sharidan
Published: November 2019

The laminar flow near a stagnation point at the boundary layer is studied numerically in this paper. Viscous nanofluid with copper nanoparticles is considered in microgravity environment. The problem is described in term of mathematical formulation and the nanofluid studies is focusing on the volume fraction of the nanoparticles. After going through Boundary Layer and Boussinesq approximations, the dimensional governing equation is then transformed into dimensionless governing equation by using semi-similar transformation technique together with its initial and boundary conditions. In a way to solve the coupled dimensionless equations, implicit finite different method known as Keller-box methid is used in studying the transportation phenomena in terms of physical quantities of physical interest which are skin frictions that describe the flow behaviour, Nusset number represent the heat transfer coefficient and Sherwood number that refer to concentration distribution. It is found that stagnation point parameter which is curvature ratio, provide a different type of nanofluid flow cases. On the other hand, with the presence of g jitter which correspond to the microgravity environment, the parameter frequency of oscillation effects the convergence of the problem which the convergence occurs more frequently with bigger frequency. The enhancement of thermal conductivity is found by comparing the result of conventional fluid with nanofluid.
Approximate Solutions of Some Linear Boundary Value Problems Using the Homotopy Analysis Method Combined with Sumudu Transform
Authors: Nemrat Asem AL , Hailat Ibrahim , Zainuddin Zarita
Published: November 2019

This paper considers a combined form of the Sumudu transform with the modified homotopy analysis method (MHAM) to find approximate and analytical solutions for linear two-point boundary value problems. This method is called the modified Sumudu transform homotopy analysis method (MSTHAM). The suggested technique relies on the freedom of the homotopy analysis method (HAM) by introducing an appropriate initial approximation and furthermore, the residual error will be canceled in some points of the interval (RECP). Only a first order approximation of MSTHAM will be required, as compared to STHAM, which needs more iterations for the same cases of study. The proposed method has been applied to solve two examples and the results have been compared with those obtained by the standard STHAM and the exact solutions, where it is found that the proposed solutions are of high accuracy and, therefore, MSTHAM is extremely efficient, simple and can be applied to other types of problems.
Mathematical modelling of wave overtopping at vertical structures
Authors: Abdul Ghani Fadhlyya Arawaney , Ramli Mohd Shahridwan , Md Noar Nor Aida Zuraimi , Mohd Kasim Abdul Rahman
Published: November 2019

Considering the threats of wave overtopping that can cause flooding in the coastal area and hence implying various damages to the inland properties, this paper provides a simplified mathematical modelling of wave overtopping calculation at vertical seawall as proposed by Cooker. Taking the assumption that the water jet particles projected against the seawall move as free projectiles, a simple estimation is made from the computation of the water displacement which can pass over top of the wall of finite height by applying the trapezoidal rule to the equations derived from both energy conservation and the pressure impulse, P previously proposed by Cooker. The results indicate that the overtopping volume per wave is exponentially decaying with the height of the wall above the still water level and is in good agreement to previous researcher and is used to estimate the overtopping discharge for berm and ditch structures. Both cases are comparable for corresponding freeboard values which concluded that the water jet onto the seawall with berm structure will reach higher in the air compared to that of with ditch.
Sensitivity Analysis in a Dengue Fever Transmission Model: A fractional order system approach
Authors: Hamdan N I , Kilicman A
Published: November 2019

The main purpose of the study of dengue fever transmission is to be able to determine the best approach to reduce human mortality and morbidity caused by the disease. Therefore, it is essential to identify the relative importance of the different factors that contribute to disease transmission and prevalence. Here, a fractional order epidemiological model describing the dengue fever transmission is presented, as well as the basic reproduction number, denoted by R
0. The initial disease transmission is highly significant with the basic reproduction number, R
0. Thus, the needs for conducting an analysis that tells us how sensitive the threshold quantity of R
0 is, with respect to its parameters, is very crucial. The sensitivity analysis is performed to calculate the sensitivity indices of the reproduction number R
0, that measures the disease transmission and the endemic equilibrium point, that measures disease prevalence to the parameters model. It has been shown that for the reproduction number, the most sensitive parameters are the mortality rate of the adult mosquito and the mosquito biting rate. However, the equilibrium proportion of infected humans is very sensitive to the transition rate from the immature vector stage to the adult stage, and human recovery rate. These suggest that dengue control policies that target the vector population and recovery rate of individuals can be a great resolution in controlling dengue.
Nonlinear partial differential equations model related to ethanol production
Authors: Fakhruddin Azimi Ahmad Izul , Jamil Norazaliza Mohd
Published: November 2019

The study presents a mathematical model of an ethanol production system via fermentation. This model was extended from the established model to examine mass transfer and the inhibition effects on microbial such as yeasts or bacteria, sugar as its substrate and ethanol for the product. In this study, two types of laboratory-scale fermentation are considered, i.e. shaker fermentation and shaker-free fermentation. This led to studying the coupled diffusionreaction and coupled diffusion-reaction-advection models from a previous mathematical model which describes mass transfer. A better understanding of those model able to predict the behaviour of mass transfer effect on fermentation scenarios. The effect of the diffusion coefficient and the advection coefficient are investigated to simulate the dynamical behaviour of the system. Since the model is nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), Gear’s algorithm, a numerical method was employed to solve the system while the Nelder–Mead method is utilised to estimate the value of the parameters. The result shows that the diffusion does not have a huge impact on the whole ethanol production system but is contrary to advection. In order to affect the ethanol production system, only tiny advection value is needed, however, a big diffusion value is necessary to achieve the same effect.
In Silico Analysis Using Hybrid Support Vector Machine and Second Order of Markov Chain for Multiple Sequence Alignment to Identify the Types of Leukaemia
Authors: Irawan Mohammad Isa , Al Faroby Mohammad Hamim Zajuli , Dyah Nurhayati Awik Pudji
Published: November 2019

Cancer is a disease that causes an abnormal growth of cells and can attack every part of the body, which is occurred because of a damage in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that leads to a mutation in a vital gene that controls cell division. The biomarker technology that used in clinical practice still used a high cost and need a long time to detect the cancer signs. As the former studies about cancer, the biomarker has been detected in the microarray data. In this paper, we used a support vector machine (SVM) to classify 4 type of leukaemia. Begin with extracting the data feature of sequence DNA from a string into numeric using Second order of Markov chain, SVM classified DNA using 40 data for the training step and 25 data for testing step. In this paper, SVM used 3 types of the kernel, which are linear, Gaussian radial basis function, and polynomial. The results showed that the Gaussian kernel has the best accuracy then other kernel.
Comparison of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) values using three Holladay incorporated method SIA calculators
Authors: Muziman Syah M M Md , Adabiah M Nurul , Noorhazayti A H , Nazaryna M , Azuwan M , Noryanti M , Mohd Zulfaezal C A , Ezailina B Noor
Published: November 2019

Postoperative residual astigmatism is one of the unsatisfying visual outcomes of phacoemulsification resulting from surgically induced astigmatism (SIA). Various SIA calculators have been introduced to assist surgeons in calculating SIA for toric intraocular lens (IOL) determination. The aim of this study was to compare SIA values calculated using three different Holladay incorporated method SIA calculators. A data set of 80 eyes from 72 subjects who had undergone uneventful phacoemulsification using less than 3 mm clear corneal incision technique were included in the study. The preoperative and postoperative K-readings were computed into the three online Holladay incorporated method SIA calculators which were the SIA Calculator version 1.1 (SIAC1.1); Single Case SIA Calculator (SCSIAC); and Panacea SIA Calculator version 8(6.0) (Panacea). The mean individual SIA values obtained from each calculator were compared. There were no significant differences in mean individual SIA between the calculators (p > 0.05). Pearson’s correlation coefficients for all compared calculators achieved 0.99. The ranges of 95% limit of agreement between calculators were too small and tight, ranged from -0.012 to 0.012 only. In conclusion, the SIAC1.1, SCSIAC and Panacea produced a comparable SIA value among calculators. Hence, either one can be used interchangeably.
Kinematics study on PLF technique by comparing professional and amateur Malaysian army parachutists based on event during landing
Authors: Aziz S , Rambely A S , Rauf U F A
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses the difference of kinematics data for Parachute Landing Fall (PLF) technique on sagittal plane based on skill and experienced by comparing data between professional and amateur paratroopers during landing. Two events were accounted for this paper which is the “release the iron swing” and “before foot touch the ground”. Data were obtained by observing three professional and eighteen amateur paratroopers during three consecutive landings using motion caption analysis by Quintic Biomechanics Software. Professionals parachutists demonstrated a greater angle of body bending during landing and utilized smaller values of acceleration, velocity and angle joints during PLF technique for wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee and ankle joints compared to amateur parachutists. The values of velocity, acceleration and angle in each joint from professionals can be used as a main reference for amateurs to perform parachuting training and reduce injuries.
Some algebraic Rhotrices using a method of spanning
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad Hassan
Published: November 2019

Rhotrix has been extensively studied in recent time due to their applicability, as theoretic tools in other field such as engineering, physicist, and other related fields. The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between Rhotrices and some other fields in algebra, and classes of Rhotrices as abstract structures, such as Rings, fields, groups, and then further extended to generate some results using the idea of spanning.
Finitely Memory Strategies in Special Büchi Games with Inductive Measurable Payoffs
Authors: Ab Ghani Ahmad Termimi
Published: November 2019

The main concern of this paper is to give simple determination of games and investigate the optimality (ε-optimal) strategies (i.e., type of strategy) for each player in a new game, called Special Büchi game. We first review on extension version of reachability games, i.e., generalized reachability games. We next observe games with more complex objectives, games with Büchi objectives. We then introduce and study a new type of Büchi game called Special Büchi game. We define a new strategy, namely a finite memory strategy and provide various interesting results.
The implementation of z-numbers in fuzzy clustering algorithm for wellness of chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Mohd Jamal N J , Ku Khalif K M N , Mohamad M S
Published: November 2019

By gleaning insights from the data, fuzzy clustering capable to learn from data, identify patterns and make decision with minimum human intervention. However, it cannot simply study in detail regarding the quality of data, particularly knowledge of human being. Since the data are collected through decision-makers, the quality and human knowledge of the particular data are crucial factors to be considered. Compared to classical fuzzy numbers, z-numbers has ability to describe the human knowledge because it has both restraint and reliability part in its definition. Consequently, the implementation of z-numbers in fuzzy clustering algorithm is taken into consideration, where it has more authority to describe the knowledge of human being and extensively used in uncertain information development. Thus, there are two objectives of this paper; (i) to propose a reliable fuzzy clustering algorithm using z-numbers and; (ii) to cluster the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients based on the selected indicators to identify which cluster the patients belongs to (Cluster 0, Cluster 1, Cluster 2, Cluster 3 or Cluster 4) based on the membership functions defined. A case study of the CKD patients with the selected indicators is considered to demonstrate the capability of z-numbers to handle the knowledge of human being and uncertain information and also will present the idea in developing a robust and reliable fuzzy clustering algorithm particularly in dealing with knowledge of human being using z-numbers.
Subgraph of Compatible Action Graph for Finite Cyclic Groups of p-Power Order
Authors: Shahoodh Mohammed Khalid , Mohamad Mohd Sham , Yusof Yuhani , Sulaiman Sahimel Azwal
Published: November 2019

Given two groups G and H, then the nonabelian tensor product G ⊗ H is the group generated by g ⨂ h satisfying the relations gg′ ⊗ h = (gg′ ⊗ g
h) (g ⨂ h) and g ⊗ hh′ = (g ⊗ h) (h
g′ ⊗ h
h) for all g
g′ ∈ G and h, h′ ∈ H. If G and H act on each other and each of which acts on itself by conjugation and satisfying (g h)
g′ = g(h(g
-1
g′)) and (h g)
h′ = h(g(h
-1
h′)), then the actions are said to be compatible. The action of G on H, g
h is a homomorphism from G to a group of automorphism H. If (g
h, hg) be a pair of the compatible actions for the nonabelian tensor product of G ⊗ H then Γ
G ⊗ H
= (V(Γ
G ⊗ H
), (E(Γ
G ⊗ H
)) is a compatible action graph with the set of vertices, (V(Γ
G ⊗ H
) and the set of edges, (E(Γ
G ⊗ H
). In this paper, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the cyclic subgroups of p-power order acting on each other in a compatible way are given. Hence, a subgraph of a compatible action graph is introduced and its properties are given.
Semi Bornological Groups
Authors: Imran Anwar N. , Husain Sh. K. Said
Published: November 2019

The motivation for this work is to find the sufficient conditions to bornologize any group and solve the problem of boundedness for any group, by constructing new structure semi bornological groups. In particular, we show that every left (right) translations in semi bornological groups are bornological isomorphisms and therefore the semi bornological groups structures are homogeneous, and this property from the semi bornological group is not shared with bornological semigroups. Further, the boundedness of a semi bornological group can be deduced from its boundedness at the identity. So, the problem of boundedness for any group can be solved.
Optimal Design of a Rain Gauge Network Models: Review Paper
Authors: Abu Salleh Nor Sofiza , Mohd Aziz Mohd Khairul Bazli , Adzhar Noraziah
Published: November 2019

Improved streamflow forecasting is considered an important task for researchers and water resources managers. However, streamflow forecasting is often challenging owing to the complexity of hydrologic systems. The accuracy of streamflow forecasting mainly depends on the input data from rainfall. Hence, this is important to make the estimation of rainfall as accurate as possible result in achieve an economical design of watershed management, water budget studies, reservoir operation, and flood forecasting and control. Most of the previous research was highlighted, an optimal rain gauge network is necessary to provide high quality rainfall estimates. The goal of this paper is to provide a concise review of several studies on the optimal design of a rain gauge network models to enhance the accuracy of streamflow forecasting. This study had two components. First, the design of an optimal rain gauge network using the kriging-based geostatistical approach based on the variance reduction framework. Second, the uses of optimization technique for minimizing the kriging variance in order to optimize rain gauge networks. Additionally, a discussion of both techniques to design an optimal rain gauge network is presented. A well designed rain gauge network is capable of providing accurate rainfall estimates with an optimal number of rain gauge network density. This paper closes with a set of recommendations for what observations and capabilities are needed in the future to advance our understanding of an optimal rain gauge network design and their location for improving the estimate of aerial rainfall.
Estimation of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) for Sustainable Fish Catch
Authors: Jamaluddin N A , Hussin S A Sheikh , Zahid Z , Khairi S S Mohd
Published: November 2019

Fishery is an entity engage with fish catch on the sea ground by fisherman. The fish catch in Peninsular Malaysia has declined by more than 90% since 1960s. Thus, it is important to know the maximum sustainable yield in order to overcome the decreasing number of fish and estimate the number of fishes that can be caught from the sea without endangering the fish population. The main purpose of this study is to calculate the maximum sustainable yield of fish catch in Terengganu by applying Bayesian surplus method. The results show that the amount of maximum sustainable yield is 100100 tons with 205700 fishing trips per year. Based on the value of maximum sustainable yield and optimum number of fishing trip, the current fish stocks have been overfished from year 2000 to 2008 since the fish catch and fishing effort for the year exceeded the optimum value. As a result, the numbers of fish catch for the year 2009 to 2016 was lower even though the fisherman put higher fishing effort.
A Preliminary Study of Optimizing Back Pain Medicinal Cupping Points Disease via Graph Colouring
Authors: Hanafi Nurfatihah Mohamad , Yusof Yuhani , Mohamad Mohd Sham , Abu Bakar Muhamad Faiz , Ibrahim Mohd Adhha
Published: November 2019

Medical cupping is an ancient method that is still used by many people. It is an alternative method in healing process for much type of diseases by using special cups on the specific points of the skin to create suction. Every disease has their specific cupping points. As a habit, practitioners will cup based on patient request or complaint, where it give effect to the cost and time. Thus, the aim of this paper is to study the effective ways on finding the optimum number of cupping points for back pain disease through graph colouring. In addition, a formulation in C# language is given too in validating the graph model result. The finding shows that the optimum number of back pain medicinal cupping points is two.
A Comparison of Simulated Annealing Cooling Strategies for Redesigning a Warehouse Network Problem
Authors: Khairuddin Rozieana , Zainuddin Zaitul Marlizawati
Published: November 2019

Simulated annealing (SA) is considered a valuable stochastic technique for resolving difficulties associated with comprehensive multidimensional optimisation, which guarantees optimal global convergence. This study explores the use of SA to address the challenges of redesigning warehouse networks and relates the effectiveness of three (3) diverse SA cooling schedules, namely; the basic geometric, logarithmic, and linear. The broad computational findings performed and described in the study indicate that the geometric cooling schedule generates consistent, superior quality, and timely solutions compared to the other schemes.
A Hybrid of Quasi-Newton Method with CG Method for Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: ‘Aini N , Mamat M , Rivaie M , Sulaiman I M
Published: November 2019

The quasi-Newton is a well-known method for solving small to medium-scale unconstrained optimization problems due to its simplicity and convergence. This leads to many modifications to improve its performance, and one of them is by hybridizing it with another optimization method. In this study, the quasi-Newton method is combined with the ARM method, which is a type of conjugate gradient method. The resulting hybrid algorithm is globally convergent under exact line search.
Calculus video recommender system
Authors: Adam Noor Latiffah , Aiman Sulaiman Muhamad Syahmil , Soh Shaharuddin Cik
Published: November 2019

Mathematics had been taught from the lower level of education to the higher level of education. Basic mathematics had been exposed since pre-school to give a good foundation on mathematics so that they can learn better in primary school and also in secondary school. At a higher level of education, the basic calculus is offered and it is one of the core components in mathematics that needs for technical studies. With the advancement on information technology, the students are no longer bound to the face-to-face learning. A plenty of online sources are available to help them learn anytime they want. The text based documents and tutorial videos can be accessed easily. In this research, we had studied the existing recommender system features and the recommendation techniques. Here, we had emphasized on finding the tutorial video based on the user’s preferences particularly on basic calculus topics. A YouTube API is used to retrieve the basic calculus online videos. The YouTube API will send back a list of videos based on the searched keywords. The content-based recommendation technique known as keyword-based vector space model has been chosen because the results tend to show lots of similar videos than any other recommendation techniques. The keyword-based vector space model will convert the video title into a vector space and it will calculate the cross multiplication of the term frequency and the inverse document factor and it will also determine the closeness of the title by using the cosine similarity. The aim of the video recommender system is to help the students in searching an online video tutorial from the internet especially from YouTube and also to give a recommendation of a video based on it’s suitability.
The mathematics education department students’ ability in mathematical literacy for uncertainty problems on PISA adaptation test
Authors: Sanjaya Febi , Dewa Putu W.P. , Julie Hongki , Anggoro Ant. Yudhi , Rudhito M. Andy
Published: November 2019

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a triennial international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students who are nearing the end of their compulsory education. In most of the PISA-related studies, more students as subjects than teachers. Even mathematics education students who are prospective teachers have not got a place in this PISA research. One of goals of this research was to describe mathematics education students’ ability on PISA adaptation test. In this research, there were several steps to achieve the goal, that is (1) creating test questions by adapting PISA test, (2) validating test questions using expert validation, (3) asking the students to do the test, and (4) describing the students’ solution test. The mathematics PISA adaptation test consist of 4 scopes, that is quantity, space and shape, change and relationship, and uncertainty. The test contained 13 questions, three quantity problems, three uncertainty problems, three change and relationship problems, and four space and shape problems. This research used 7 students of Mathematics Education Department of Sanata Dharma University as subject research. This research was a design research which developed by Cobb and Koeno. In the uncertainty area, all students answer correctly at the level 1 problem, six students answer correctly at the level 4 problem, two students answer correctly at the level 5 problem, two students answer correctly at the level 5 second problem, one student answers correctly at the level 6 problem. Therefore, the quality of mathematics education students’ needs to be improved to reach the maximum level in PISA.
Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers’ Knowledge about Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Rianasari Veronika Fitri , Apriani Maria Suci
Published: November 2019

Mathematics learning should be designed to develop students’ higher order thinking skills. A deeper understanding of higher-order thinking will support teachers to be able to design mathematics learning that promotes students’ higher-order thinking skills. The purposes of this research are to describe pre-service mathematics teachers’ knowledge about Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and their ability in designing HOTS-based problem. The research participants are 9 pre-service mathematics teachers joining profession education for pre-service teachers at Sanata Dharma University. Data sources in this research include a written test about teachers’ understanding of HOTS and a written test about teachers’ ability to design HOTS-based problem. The analysis of data involved Miles & Huberman model. Qualitative results showed that pre-service mathematics teachers were not able to associate the cognitive demands of HOTS-based problem with the dimension of cognitive processes of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy. Besides, almost all the pre-service teachers were not able to design a non-routine problem, they tended to design a familiar application problem that requires students to memorize facts, concepts, or procedures that have been done before and apply them to the context. Based on the results, can be concluded that pre-service teachers’ knowledge about HOTS and their ability to design HOTS-based problem are very low.
Analysis of student errors in integral concepts based on the indicator of mathematical competency using orthon classification
Authors: Ramdani Yani , Kurniati Nety , Harahap Erwin , Setiawati Euis , Kurniati Nia , Keizer Henriady de
Published: November 2019

This paper reveals findings from a research that investigates the errors of students’ understanding of integral concepts. Research design is quasi-experimental. Data collection is done through test instruments that are used for two purposes. The first objective is to find out the level of student error in solving problems. The second objective is to analyze and explain the results of student performance. Respondents of this study were two hundred students who took courses in Integral Calculus. Error level data were calculated using descriptive statistics and analyzed using Orthon theory. The findings show that the highest average level of student error in integral concepts based on learning strategies, early knowledge of mathematics, gender, and the educational background in the Scientific Debate class is arbitrary errors with mathematical competencies which are adaptive reasoning include: (1) estimating answers and process of solutions, and use patterns and relationships to analyze mathematical situations; (2) compile and test the conjecture; (3) follow the rules of inference and compile valid arguments, check the validity of arguments. In the conventional class, the level of highest error is Executive Errors with mathematical competencies are productive dispositions, namely the ability to always see mathematics positively, beneficially, and meaningfully.
Staging of breast cancer based on the area of the primary tumour
Authors: Embong R , Sanuddin M H , Md Ali M S
Published: November 2019

Breast cancer is one of the most common and alarming diseases for women. With early detection and diagnosis, the chances of successful treatment and survival would improve. The diagnosis includes classification or staging of the breast cancer, which plays an important role in the prognosis of the disease hence determining the best treatment for the disease. Breast cancer staging is a way of describing the size of a cancer and how far it has grown. One of the staging numbering systems is the Tumour-Node-Metastasis (TNM) system, which categories cancer into several stages. Most types of cancer have four stages, numbered from I to IV. Normally, staging is determined by doctors by examining the pathology information which describes the spreading area of the cancer. In this study, a series of computer algorithms is applied to produce the area information of the cancerous region. The methodology consists of four phases which are image gathering; image pre-processing using Median filter and PCA; image segmentation using FCM; and staging using the area of the primary tumour as a representation of size in the TNM system. From thirty-five randomly selected mammography images of Malaysian women with malignant tumour, 14.3% is in stage I, 5.7% is in stage II and 80% in stage III. Experimental results also shows that 96.4% accuracy is obtained for stage III but higher errors occur at the boundaries of the staging scale.
Development and Implementation of Block Unification Multi-step Methods for the Solution of Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Mohammed Umaru , Oyewole Oyelami , Semenov Mikhail , Ma’ali Aliyu
Published: November 2019

In this paper, linear multi-step hybrid block methods with three-, four- and five-step numbers are developed for approximating directly the solution of second order Initial and Boundary Value Problems (IBVPs). Multiple finite difference formulas are derived and combined in a block formulation to form a numerical integrator that provides direct solution to second order IBVPs over sub-intervals. A new class of orthogonal polynomials constructed as basis function to develop the hybrid block methods adopting collocation technique with a non-negative weight function. The scheme is applied as simultaneous integrator to second order initial value and boundary value problems of ODEs. The properties and convergence of the proposed method are discussed. The derived schemes were used to solve some problems and the numerical result shows the effectiveness, accuracy and superiority of the method over the existing methods found in the literature.
Molecular Docking of Alkaloid Compound SA2014 towards Cyclin D1 Protein in Cancer using Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Fikriya Zulfa Afiq , Irawan Mohammad Isa , Dyah Nurhayati Awik Puji
Published: November 2019

Molecular docking or ligand binding in proteins is a developing field of computing. Molecular docking can be used to find the most appropriate interaction pattern between protein receptors and ligands and become the basis for the drug discovery and design based structures. The development of efficient docking methods and algorithms will be very useful in drug discovery simulation. Firefly algorithm is one of the method that can be used for molecular docking simulations. Firefly algorithm is used to find the optimal conformation of proteins and ligands so that the binding energy of the whole system is minimized. In this research, proteinligand complexes from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) were used to test the performance of the algorithm. The results show that the firefly algorithm can be used to solve molecular docking. Then this algorithm is used to solve molecular docking of alkaloid compounds SA2014 from Cinachyrella anomala sea sponges towards cyclin D1 protein in cancer. The results show that the SA2014 ligand affinity for cyclin D1 protein was higher than doxorubicin (a type of chemotherapy drug) so that the SA2014 compound have a great potential as an anticancer.
Identification of Potential Landslide Disaster in East Java Using Neural Network Model (Case Study: District of Ponogoro)
Authors: Nisa’ Alvina Khairun , Irawan Mohammad Isa , Pratomo Danar Guruh
Published: November 2019

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, which is geographically located in areas prone to natural disasters. One of the frequent occurrences of natural disasters is a landslide. East Java Province is one of the areas that has the potential for landslides. This is due to the topography of the most mountainous and rugged territory. Besides that, it also caused high levels of population density in the region of hills so that raises pressure on ecosystems. The tendency of the occurrence of landslides in an area can be connected with the equality of land characteristics and climate in other regions on a landslide in the past. To reduce the risk of disaster will be designed the software-based neural network for identification of potential avalanche areas. With potential landslide identification software, it can help to identify other locations that have similar physical and soil characteristics, so that the area can be suspected of being a potentially landslide area. The overall test results of this study are using Backpropagation artificial neural networks with 7 inputs, 15 hidden and 1 output. The training function used is Resilient backpropagation (RP) with an accuracy of testing data is 90.56% and MSE of 0.0944.
Numerical solution to Volterra Integro-Differential Equations of the second kind by hybrid one-step block method
Authors: Janodi M R , Majid Z A , Ismail F , Senu N
Published: November 2019

The hybrid block one-step method of order four is presented and implemented to solve first order Volterra Integro-Differential Equations (VIDEs). The technique is developed using Lagrange interpolation method. The numerical solutions of VIDEs will be solved at two-point concurrently using the proposed numerical method. Properties of the method such as consistency, order and region of absolute stability are explored. After that, the linear and nonlinear of VIDEs has been solved and the numerical results show that the accuracy and efficiency of the hybrid block method is better than the other methods which is RK4 and VIM.
Visualizing the Energy of Scattered Data by Using Cubic Timmer Triangular Patches
Authors: Ali F A M , Karim S A A , Dass S C , Skala V , Saaban A , Hasan M K , Hashim I
Published: November 2019

This paper discusses the application of the new cubic Timmer triangular patches constructed by Ali et al. [1] to interpolate the irregularly scattered data with C
1 continuity. In order to apply the cubic Timmer triangular patches for scattered data interpolation, the data is first triangulated by using the Delaunay algorithm, and then the sufficient condition for C
1 continuity is derived along the adjacent triangles. Two methods will be used to calculate the cubic Timmer ordinates on each triangle. The convex combination between three local schemes Ti
, i = 1,2,3 will be used to produce the C
1 surface everywhere. The proposed scheme will be tested to visualize one energy data set with irregular shape properties. Numerical and graphical results are presented by using MATLAB. Comparisons between the proposed scheme and existing schemes such as cubic Ball and cubic Bézier triangular patches are also carried out. The results indicate that the surface produced by cubic Timmer triangular patch is better than surface produced using cubic Ball and cubic Bezier triangular patches with overall coefficient of determination R2 value obtained to be larger than 0.9234.
Outlier detection in circular regression model using minimum spanning tree method
Authors: Muhammad Di Nur Faraidah , Satari Siti Zanariah , Zakaria Roslinazairimah
Published: November 2019

The existence of outliers in circular-circular regression model can lead to many errors, for example in inferences and parameter estimations. Therefore, this study aims to develop new algorithms that can detect outliers by using minimum spanning tree method. The proposed method is examined via simulation study with different number of sample sizes and level of contaminations. Then, the performance of the proposed method was measured using “success” probability, masking effect, and swamping effect. The results revealed that the proposed method were performed well and able to detect all the outliers planted in various conditions.
Rasch measurement model: a review of Bayesian estimation for estimating the person and item parameters
Authors: Binti Azizan Nurul Hafizah , Mahmud Zamalia Binti , Rambli Adzhar Bin
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the methods used for estimating the parameters in Rasch Measurement Model (RMM). These include the MLE and Bayesian Estimation (BE) techniques. The accuracy and precision of the parameter estimates based on these two MLE and BE were discussed and compared. A questionnaire is a well-known measurement instrument used by most of the researchers. It is a powerful tool for collecting data in survey research. It should be noted that the quality of a measurement instrument used plays a key role in ensuring the quality of data obtained in the survey. Therefore, it has become essential for the researchers to carefully design their questionnaire so that the quality of the data obtained can be preserved. Then, it is also vital for the researchers to assess the quality of the data obtained before it can be successfully used for further analysis. Review of the literature shows that RMM is a psychometric approach widely used as an assessment tool of many measurement instruments developed in various fields of study. At present, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) techniques were used to estimate the parameters in the RMM. In order to obtain more precise and accurate parameter estimates, a certain number of sample size and normality assumption are usually required. However, in a small sample, MLE could produce bias, imprecise and less accurate estimates with bigger standard error. A proper selection of the parameter estimation techniques to deal with small sample and non-normality of data is required to obtain more precise and accurate parameter estimates. From the review, it reveals that BE has successfully dealt with the issues of small sample and non-normality of the data. It produced a more accurate parameter estimate with smallest Mean Squared Error (MSE), particularly in a small sample compared to MLE.
Prioritising critical success factors of TQM in Malaysia aerospace industry using fuzzy AHP
Authors: Halim Faridah Abdul , Azman Adillah , Malim Muhammad Rozi
Published: November 2019

Malaysia has set a target to become the first aerospace nation in South East Asia by 2030. In efforts to ensure industry players are able to achieve the target, the critical success factors (CSFs) that affecting the successful implementation of total quality management (TQM) in aerospace industry, especially in Malaysia, need to be identified and ranked. Ranking CSFs is a sensitive task that requires extra attention. Self-judgment, previous experiences and references by industry experts, including the existence of uncertainty in decision making, results in inaccurate ranking. Therefore, this study aims to prioritise (identify and rank) the CSFs for successful implementation of TQM in Malaysia aerospace industry (manufacturing sector). Through an in-depth review of the literature, 11 CSFs were identified and categorised into four main criteria. These criteria were analysed empirically using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) approach to rank the CSFs based on their relative importance weights. FAHP approach was used since the judgments from industry experts have been taken into account as recommended by National Aerospace Industry Coordinating Office (NAICO). The results showed that the main criterion for successful TQM implementation is culture and people with the highest weight of 0.434, followed by organising (0.296), systems and technique (0.151), and measurement and feedback (0.119). Therefore, the top management and decision makers need to give more attention on culture and people factors before implementing TQM which include employee involvement and role of quality department. However, the relationship between CSFs and the performance of TQM implementation need to be analysed further.
Tourism demand forecasting – a review on the variables and models
Authors: Khaidi Sarah Mohd , Abu Noratikah , Muhammad Noryanti
Published: November 2019

With the growth of the world’s tourism industry, researchers took advantage to conduct numerous studies in forecasting of tourism demand. The objective of this paper is to review the studies on tourism demand starting from 2010 to 2018 which varies on the explanatory variables, such as tourist income, exchange rate, gross domestic product, and others. In addition, this study also reviewed the models used to forecast and analyse tourism demand which are time-series model, econometric causal model and artificial intelligence model. The result from this review shows it is difficult to conclude which models performed the best for tourism demand. However, in most of the studies, combined models outperformed single model. Furthermore, the authors mentioned about the roles of tourism practitioners in the industry, tourism seasonality and suggestions for further studies in the future.
A Comparative Study between Ridge MM and Ridge Least Trimmed Squares Estimators in Handling Multicollinearity and Outliers
Authors: Affindi A N , Ahmad S , Mohamad M
Published: November 2019

Common problems found in multiple linear regression models are the existence of multicollinearity and outliers. These obstacles usually produce undesirable effects on least squares estimators. Ridge regression estimator is suggested in handling severe multicollinearity while robust estimators such as MM estimator and Least Trimmed Squares (LTS) estimator are recommended in tackling the outlier issues. An even worse scenario is when these two problems occur simultaneously. Combination of both leads to robust ridge regression methods which can be used to handle both conditions simultaneously. In this study, a comparative investigation is carried out to compare the performance between ridge MM and ridge LTS estimators. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Bias are obtained for each estimator to compare their performances. By using simulation study, Laplace and Cauchy distributions are used in introducing outliers to the simulated data with high multicollinearity ρ = 0.90, 0.95 and 0.98 for sample sizes n=25, 50 and 100. From the results, it is found that Ridge LTS is the best estimator for many combinations of error distributions and degrees of multicollinearity. Similar results were obtained when using two sets of real data.