bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence Based on a dynamic source: Database support for a theory of transitive reciprocals
Authors: Safir Ken
Published: June 2015

The novelty of this document is that the empirical support for the predictions it examines, predictions about the distribution and interpretation of transitive reciprocal constructions, will be different each time it is read. The evidence will change because this paper will only provide parameters for a search of the Afranaph Database (ongoing) and two other databases, and as these databases grow and change over time, the search results returned today will be different from the results returned by the same search executed months or years from now. Reversing the normal priorities of linguistic research, the proposal we present about the nature of reciprocal constructions in natural language, which contends that direct object full DPs anaphors do not directly contribute reciprocal meaning (a proposal more broadly and specifically defended by Safir and Selvanathan (in preparation) is secondary (a) to our demonstration of the methodology we employ to support our claims and (b) to the lessons we draw from it about the evaluation of evidence for research in linguistics in the digital age.
Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of Power Line Transmission Parameters for Power Line Communication
Authors: Mlynek P. , Misurec J. , Koutny M. , Fujdiak R. , Jedlicka T.
Published: June 2015

The article describes a way of evaluating the power line channel frequency response and input impedance by means of the linear time-invariant (LTI) power line generator. Two possible methods are introduced for the calculation of primary parameters: the first method depends on the physical realization and physical dimension of the cable, and the second method is derived from the data provided by typical electrical cable manufacturers. Based on these methods, a comparison of transfer functions was made. This is followed by measurement evaluation and numerical verification on a simple topology
Application of the Monte Carlo Method for the Estimation of Uncertainty in Radiofrequency Field Spot Measurements
Authors: Iakovidis S. , Apostolidis C. , Samaras T.
Published: June 2015

The objective of the present work is the application of the Monte Carlo method (GUMS1) for evaluating uncertainty in electromagnetic field measurements and the comparison of the results with the ones obtained using the 'standard' method (GUM). In particular, the two methods are applied in order to evaluate the field measurement uncertainty using a frequency selective radiation meter and the Total Exposure Quotient (TEQ) uncertainty. Comparative results are presented in order to highlight cases where GUMS1 results deviate significantly from the ones obtained using GUM, such as the presence of a non-linear mathematical model connecting the inputs with the output quantity (case of the TEQ model) or the presence of a dominant nonnormal distribution of an input quantity (case of U-shaped mismatch uncertainty). The deviation of the results obtained from the two methods can even lead to different decisions regarding the conformance with the exposure reference levels.
Quality Evaluation Information Support in Higher Education
Authors: Kovač Tatjana
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose: The objective of this research was to develop a proposal of the evaluation information support in higher education that encompasses the Quality Assessor’s and Quality Analyst’s work support. Furthermore, the proposal also includes the fields evaluated in the processes of external evaluation of the higher education institutes by the Slovenian National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (hereinafter referred to as »NAKVIS«).

Methodology: The method called the “Multi-Attribute Utility Theory” (hereinafter referred to as “MAUT”) and MS Excel were used for the work support of the Quality Assessors, while the expert modelling in the Decision Expert programme (hereinafter referred to as “Dexi programme”) was used for the work support of the Quality Analysts.

Results: The identified criteria allow a uniform evaluation, regardless of the Assessor. The MS Excel template with automatic calculation was made as the technical support for an evaluator and the expert model in Dexi programme was designed for a Quality Analyst.

Conclusion: The model of the Higher Education Institute quality evaluation, as presented in this article, can provide a comprehensive and transparent consideration of quality at the Faculty, and, in particular, facilitate the evaluation process due to its information and technical support.
Hallische Avantgarde. Die Erfindung der Ästhetik und die Ästhetisierung des Christentums
Authors: Fritz Martin
Published: June 2015

Avantgarde in Halle: The Invention of Aesthetics and the Aestheticization of Christianity. The foundation of scholarly aesthetics by the Halle philosopher Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten and Georg Friedrich Meier in the middle of the 18th century took place within a milieu that was shaped by both pietism and the Enlightenment. Martin Fritz demonstrates that aesthetics in Halle itself can be considered a synthesis of pietism and Enlightenment ideas. The sensualization of basic Christian concepts is of eminent relevance for these aesthetics, in order to reinvent the pietistic striving for intensive religious experiences through such „aestheticization.“ The romantic idea of „Kunstreligion“ (art religion), which continues to be significant in cultural life today, is also based on this programmatic notion of aestheticization. Building on this historical background, this article’s concluding systematic considerations argue for a theological revaluation of pertinent contemporary cultural phenomena.
Recoil Effects Ensuing from 59Co (n, γ) 60Co and 59Co (γ, n) 58Co Reactions in Open Type Cobalt Complexes-II
Authors: Shankar J. , Nath Amar , Rao Μ. H.
Published: June 2015

The 'open-type' cobalt complexes are characterized by a small (or zero) magnitude of post-recoil thermal annealing, both for (n, γ)and (γ, n)reactions. In this category of complexes, the stereochemical configurations do not permit efficient interaction with the energetic recoil atom and the excess energy is not dissipated rapidly enough, resulting in collapse of the molecule, and annealable metastable centres are not formed. Vitamin B12, though a hexacoordinated complex, belongs to this category by behaviour, while cobalt tetraphenylporphinate behaves differently.

Occluded oxygen decreases the magnitude of thermal anneal by virtue of its being an electron trap, thereby removing the electrons from the sphere of reaction.
Preparation of Carrier-free 228Ac (MsTh2).
Authors: Bhatki K. S. , Adloff J. P.
Published: June 2015

A simple procedure is described for the preparation of pure 228Ac (MsTh2) from 228Ra(MsTh1). After initial purification of 228Ra from 228Th, the sample is left for a month 228Ra for and its daughters to decay completely. After this period, the Separation of 228Ac is straightforward. Using Dowex 50X8 resin and dilute nitric acid as eluting Solution, 228Ac is obtained in high specific activity and in carrier free form in a reasonably Short time. Rapid milking of 228Ac can be achieved daily by the use of 0,5 M ammonium-glycolic or an ammonium-α-hydroxyisobutyric solutions of p
H about 4.
Effet des réactions (n, 2n) et (γ, n) sur le fluorobenzene pur et en solution
Authors: Ledrut J. H. T. , Point J.-J.
Published: June 2015

On étudie l'activation du fluorobenzène par des réactions (n, 2n) et (n, γ). On mesure l'activité des fractions minérales et organiques et du fluorobenzène séparé.
Bestimmung einiger Anregungsfunktionen für Deuteronenreaktionen mit 141Pr
Authors: Lange J. , Münzel H.
Published: June 2015

Die Anregungsfunktionen der (d, p)-, (d, 2n)- und (d, 3n)-Reaktionen für das Targetnuklid 141Pr und Projektilenergien bis maximal 50 MeV wurden bestimmt. Zur Deuteronenflußmessung diente ein selten angewandtes Monitorverfahren, bei dem statt der in uniformen Schichten angeordneten Target- und Monitorsubstanzen homogene Mischungen beider verwendet wurden. Für Deuteronenenergien, die unterhalb des Anwendungsbereiches der verwendeten 27Al(d, αp)24Na-Monitorreaktion lagen, wurden (d, 2n): (d, p)-Wirkungsquerschnittverhältnisse gemessen. Unter Verwendung der Anregungsfunktionen wurden die Ausbeuten für die Bestrahlung dicker Targets berechnet.

Von den Reaktionsprodukten wurden folgende Halbwertszeiten bestimmt: 140Nd 3,37 ± 0,02 d; 141Nd 2,60 ± 0,12 h; 142Pr 19,09 ± 0,07 h.
Stable Patterns of CENH3 Occupancy Through Maize Lineages Containing Genetically Similar Centromeres
Authors: Gent Jonathan I , Wang Kai , Jiang Jiming , Dawe R Kelly
Published: June 2015

While the approximate chromosomal position of centromeres has been identified in many species, little is known about the dynamics and diversity of centromere positions within species. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that DNA sequence has little or no impact in specifying centromeres in maize and in most multicellular organisms. Given that epigenetically defined boundaries are expected to be dynamic, we hypothesized that centromere positions would change rapidly over time, which would result in a diversity of centromere positions in isolated populations. To test this hypothesis, we used CENP-A/cenH3 (CENH3 in maize) chromatin immunoprecipitation to define centromeres in breeding pedigrees that included the B73 inbred as a common parent. While we found a diversity of CENH3 profiles for centromeres with divergent sequences that were not inherited from B73, the CENH3 profiles from centromeres that were inherited from B73 were indistinguishable from each other. We propose that specific genetic elements in centromeric regions favor or inhibit CENH3 accumulation, leading to reproducible patterns of CENH3 occupancy. These data also indicate that dramatic shifts in centromere position normally originate from accumulated or large-scale genetic changes rather than from epigenetic positional drift.
A Phonon Scattering Bottleneck for Carrier Cooling in Lead-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals
Authors: Geiregat Pieter , Delerue Christophe , Justo Yolanda , Aerts Michiel , Spoor Frank , van Thourhout Dries , Siebbeles Laurens , Allan Guy , Houtepen Arjan , Hens Zeger
Published: June 2015

The cooling dynamics of hot charge carriers in colloidal lead chalcogenide nanocrystals is studied by white light transient absorption spectroscopy. We demonstrate a transient accumulation of charge carriers at a high-energy critical point in the Brillouin zone. Using a theoretical study of the cooling rate in lead chalcogenides, we attribute this slowing down of charge carrier cooling to a phonon scattering bottleneck around this critical point. Our approach allows for the first ever determination of hot carrier cooling rates, relevant in e.g. modeling of multiple exciton generation.
Plasma-Reactor Wall Interactions: Bromine-Fluorine Chemistry Duality in an Industrial Dry Etch Process
Authors: Rizquez M. , Roussy A. , Bortoloti B. , Pinaton J. , Goasduff Y.
Published: June 2015

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the composition of the coating formed on the plasma reactor walls after an industrial process which is divided into two steps, where the chemistries used are CF4/CH2F2 followed by HBr/O2. Since Fluorine traces have been detected through the plasma and over the wafer even during the second chemistry, investigations of the Br-F chemistry duality for a new silicon etching process have been performed in order to see the reactions which are taking place inside of the reactor. The understanding of these formations is really important to avoid process instabilities and get better performance of the transistors. The coating on the walls after the process and after the cleaning between wafers has been characterized in order to figure out the level of F traces after each step and to understand the reminiscence of this element over time. This study is the starting point to propose a modification on the Waferless AutoClean (WAC) used nowadays in an industrial process.
Chaplaincy Support to Bereaved Parents - Part 2
Authors: Newitt Mark
Published: June 2015

The second of two articles, this installment reflects on the way bereaved parents valued the support of a chaplaincy following the death of their baby. The article describes how some parents wanted options and others “authoritative action” and notes that co-creation of ritual is not always appropriate. Chaplains are described as authoritative in both religious matters concerning the eternal destiny of babies and spiritual matters of identity. The notion of a sharp divide between religious and spiritual care is questioned. A lack of clarity among chaplains as to their role is connected to the contradictory tensions of a society that has rejected religious authority and yet of parents wanting authoritative statements/recognition. Anthropological insights concerning ritual are drawn upon to help understand the chaplain’s identity. It is recommended chaplaincy support be written into guidelines/protocols for the care of bereaved parents. Chaplains are encouraged to learn more about transferential or intersubjective responses.
Exploratory Use of a “Ten Minute Reflective Practice” Protocol by Healthcare Chaplaincy Visitors
Authors: Capelin Howard
Published: June 2015

Part-time lay chaplaincy visitors have very little time for reflective practice, yet surely this is exactly the kind of work -- specialists working in demanding situations almost completely in isolation from colleagues -- for which reflective practice was intended. This exploratory study devised a ten minute protocol from scratch which was used by a small number of chaplaincy visitors. To the author's great surprise it appeared to capture the essence of reflective practice well and was enjoyed by chaplaincy visitors who wanted to continue using it. Readers are invited to use the protocol and broaden the evidence base.
Children’s Hospital: The Chaplains
Authors: Nash Paul
Published: June 2015

This article reflects on the experience of the chaplaincy team at Birmingham Children’s Hospital who were filmed for a six part series by the BBC, a national broadcaster in Great Britain. It draws on feedback from the chaplains, patients and families filmed, other staff who were not filmed, the BBC, social media and unsolicited feedback from a range of sources. It addresses the benefits (education and awareness raising, inspirational, promotional, confidence building, opportunity to reflect) and drawbacks (limited view of chaplaincy, impact on the team, impact on the work) of the programme learning from it and offers recommendations to consider for others who may be approached about a similar opportunity.
Optimizing Surgical Treatment of Internationally Adopted Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Understanding the Family Experience
Authors: Shipe Maren E. , Edwards Todd C. , Evans Kelly N. , Schook Carolyn C. , Leavitt Dawn , Peter Ashley , Saltzman Babette S. , Davies Julian K. , Tse Raymond
Published: June 2015

Objective

To understand the experience of families with children undergoing cleft surgery following adoption from a country outside the United States. To identify factors, including the timing of surgery, that influence family function throughout the surgical experience.

Design

Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with parents of internationally adopted children postrepair of cleft lip and/or cleft palate and coded by a multidisciplinary study team. Mixed methods were used to contextualize themes derived from the parent interviews.

Results

Twenty parent interviews were conducted, and four core themes were identified: (1) parental anxieties prior to surgery, (2) considerations for the timing of surgery, (3) impact of the surgical experience on the child and family, and (4) modifiable sociocontextual factors. Parents considered a strong child bond with at least one parent and the ability of the child to communicate basic needs to be important before undergoing surgery. In retrospect, parents generally felt that the surgical experience did not have a negative impact on their child or their families and that the surgical experience may have even facilitated bonding and attachment with their child. Acceleration of family bonding was expressed more often by parents of children who were adopted at older than 2 years.

Conclusions

In our study, parents reported that cleft surgery soon after international adoption did not appear to impair child bonding or adjustment. Specific family and provider factors that could optimize the experience for families were identified.
Isolated Unilateral Soft Palate Palsy following Tonsillopharyngitis Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Authors: Gupta Richie , Gupta Rajat , Sethi Sameer , Khanal Manoj
Published: June 2015

Soft palate palsy with or without pharyngeal or laryngeal paralysis or facial palsy has been described in the literature fewer than 40 times. Of these cases, isolated unilateral soft palate palsy (occurring without any other neurologic manifestation) has been rare. Most cases of isolated soft palate palsy were termed idiopathic in the past. In a few cases, a concomitant viral infection such as varicella zoster, herpes simplex, measles, and coxsackie A9 was diagnosed.

We describe a case of isolated soft palate palsy, following a pharyngotonsillitis caused by Epstein-Barr virus. This viral infection has been linked in the past with bilateral facial nerve palsy and radial nerve palsy.

Our patient recovered spontaneously over a period of 1 month.
Francisco Arenas Dolç (ed.), Retórica y democreacia. Perspectivas críticas sobre el estado de la investigación
Authors: Sánchez Manzano María Asunción
Published: June 2015

Francisco Arenas Dolç (ed.), Retórica y democreacia. Perspectivas críticas sobre el estado de la investigación
Las vidas de María en el ámbito peninsular pretridentino
Authors: Arronis Llopis Carme , Baños Vallejo Fernando
Published: June 2015

Este estudio es un índice descriptivo y una tipología de las vitae Mariae escritas en distintas lenguas de la Península antes de 1559, fecha del Índice de libros prohibidos. Reunimos, corregimos y completamos la información disponible actualmente sobre las primeras producciones peninsulares de este género. Proponemos además una clasificación que permite apreciar la génesis y desarrollo de una lectura cuyo éxito confluyó con el de la literatura hagiográfica y las vitae Christi.

Palabras clave: vida de María, literatura mariana, hagiografía, vitae Christi, género literario, traduc-ción de literatura religiosa y reescritura.

Abstract
This study is a descriptive index and a typology of the vitae Mariae written in different languages of Iberia before 1559, the date of the Index of Prohibited Books. We collect, correct and complete infor-mation currently available on the first Iberian productions of this genre. We also propose a classifica-tion that allows us to appreciate the genesis and development of a reading whose success came to-gether with the success of hagiographic literature and vitae Christi.

Key words: life of Mary, Marian literature, hagiography, vitae Christi, literary genre, translation of religious literature and rewriting.
Rosso Malpelo (1878), infrahéroe y fantasma: mitologías de la mina y el infierno
Authors: Pedrosa José Manuel
Published: June 2015

Resumen

Análisis del cuento Rosso Malpelo (“Malpelo el Pelirrojo”), publicado por el escritor naturalista y verista italiano Giovanni Verga en 1878. El cuento describe la dura explotación infantil en las minas italianas del siglo XIX. El análisis conecta el perfil literario del protagonista del cuento con el de muchos héroes mitológicos que realizan el viaje al infierno, el descensus ad inferos.

Palabras clave: Rosso Malpelo, Giovanni Verga, mina, minería, naturalismo, verismo, héroe, épica, tragedia, descensus ad inferos.

Abstract

Analysis of the tale Rosso Malpelo (“Malpelo the Redhead”), published in 1878 by Italian writer Giovanni Verga, exponent of the naturalist and verista movements. The story describes the harsh child labor in Italian mines during the nineteenth century. The analysis connects the literary profile of the protagonist of the story with many mythological heroes that go to hell (descensus ad inferos).

Key words: Rosso Malpelo, Giovanni Verga, mine, mining, naturalism, verismo, hero, epics, tragedy, descensus ad inferos.
Hispanic Men in the United States: Acculturation and Recent Sexual Behaviors With Female Partners, 2006–2010
Authors: Haderxhanaj Laura T. , Rhodes Scott D. , Romaguera Raul A. , Bloom Fred R. , Leichliter Jami S.
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We examined Hispanic men’s recent risky and protective sexual behaviors with female partners by acculturation.

Methods. Using the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth, we performed bivariate analyses to compare acculturation groups (Hispanic Spanish-speaking immigrants, Hispanic English-speaking immigrants, Hispanic US natives, and non-Hispanic White men) by demographics and recent sexual behaviors with women. Multivariable logistic regression models for sexual behaviors by acculturation group were adjusted for demographics.

Results. Compared with Hispanic Spanish-speaking immigrants, non-Hispanic White men were less likely to report exchange of money or drugs for sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1, 0.9), but were also less likely to report condom use at last vaginal (AOR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4, 0.8) and anal sex (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.3, 0.7). Hispanic US natives were less likely to report condom use at last vaginal sex than were Spanish-speaking immigrants (AOR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4, 0.8). English- and Spanish-speaking immigrants did not differ in risky or protective sexual behaviors.

Conclusions. Our findings suggest that targeted interventions focusing on unique sexual risks and sociodemographic differences by acculturation level, particularly nativity, may be helpful for preventing sexually transmitted infections.
Early-Life State-of-Residence Characteristics and Later Life Hypertension, Diabetes, and Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Rehkopf David H. , Eisen Ellen A. , Modrek Sepideh , Mokyr Horner Elizabeth , Goldstein Benjamin , Costello Sadie , Cantley Linda F. , Slade Martin D. , Cullen Mark R.
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We examined how state characteristics in early life are associated with individual chronic disease later in life.

Methods. We assessed early-life state of residence using the first 3 digits of social security numbers from blue- and white-collar workers from a US manufacturing company. Longitudinal data were available from 1997 to 2012, with 305 936 person-years of observation. Disease was assessed using medical claims. We modeled associations using pooled logistic regression with inverse probability of censoring weights.

Results. We found small but statistically significant associations between early-state-of-residence characteristics and later life hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease. The most consistent associations were with income inequality, percentage non-White, and education. These associations were similar after statistically controlling for individual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and current state characteristics.

Conclusions. Characteristics of the state in which an individual lives early in life are associated with prevalence of chronic disease later in life, with a strength of association equivalent to genetic associations found for these same health outcomes.
Hospital Contributions to the Delivery of Public Health Activities in US Metropolitan Areas: National and Longitudinal Trends
Authors: Hogg Rachel A. , Mays Glen P. , Mamaril Cezar B.
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We investigated changes in hospital participation in local public health systems and the delivery of public health activities over time and assessed the relationship between hospital participation and the scope of activities available in local public health systems.

Methods. We used longitudinal observations from the National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems to examine how hospital contributions to the delivery of core public health activities varied in 1998, 2006, and 2012. We then used multivariate regression to assess the relationship between the level of hospital contributions and the overall availability of public health activities in the system.

Results. Hospital participation in public health activities increased from 37% in 1998 to 41% in 2006 and down to 39% in 2012. Regression results indicated a positive association between hospital participation in public health activities and the total availability of public health services in the systems.

Conclusions. Hospital collaboration does play an important role in the overall availability of public health services in local public health systems. Efforts to increase hospital participation in public health may have a positive impact on the scope of services provided and population health in US communities.
Impact of Mandatory Carbon Monoxide Alarms: An Investigation of the Effects on Detection and Poisoning Rates in New York City
Authors: Wheeler-Martin Katherine , Soghoian Sari , Prosser Jane M. , Manini Alex F. , Marker Elizabeth , Stajic Marina , Prezant David , Nelson Lewis S. , Hoffman Robert S.
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We sought to evaluate the impact of New York City’s (NYC’s) 2004 carbon monoxide (CO) alarm legislation on CO incident detection and poisoning rates.

Methods. We compared CO poisoning deaths, hospitalizations, exposures reported to Poison Control, and fire department investigations, before and after the law for 2000 to 2010. Use of CO alarms was assessed in the 2009 NYC Community Health Survey.

Results. Investigations that found indoor CO levels greater than 9 parts per million increased nearly 7-fold after the law (P < .001). There were nonsignificant decreases in unintentional, nonfire-related CO poisoning hospitalization rates (P = .114) and death rates (P = .216). After we controlled for ambient temperature, the law’s effect on hospitalizations remained nonsignificantly protective (incidence rate ratio = 0.747; 95% confidence interval = 0.520, 1.074). By 2009, 83% of NYC residents reported having CO alarms; only 54% also recently tested or replaced their batteries.

Conclusions. Mandating CO alarms significantly increased the detection of potentially hazardous CO levels in NYC homes. Small numbers and detection bias might have limited the discovery of significant decreases in poisoning outcomes. Investigation of individual poisoning circumstances since the law might elucidate remaining gaps in awareness and proper use of CO alarms.
Moving Beyond Biomedicalization in the HIV Response: Implications for Community Involvement and Community Leadership Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender People
Authors: Aggleton Peter , Parker Richard
Published: June 2015

As the world enjoys the promise of biomedical advances against HIV, numerous challenges remain. Some of these are connected to politics, others are connected to resource constraints. Other barriers are linked to the need to ensure that the concepts used to think about HIV remain current. Terms such as “MSM” (men who have sex with men) and “community” require critical interrogation at a moment when their political origins seem forgotten. Likewise, struggles between groups most affected by HIV and scientists and policymakers (an enduring feature of the epidemic) remain a key aspect of the response. The dangers of co-option and distraction remain real. In this context, it is vital to promote community ownership, political commitment, solidarity, and respect for differences, not as competing values, but as part of the ultimate solution to HIV.
Engaging Law Enforcement in Overdose Reversal Initiatives: Authorization and Liability for Naloxone Administration
Authors: Davis Corey S. , Carr Derek , Southwell Jessica K. , Beletsky Leo
Published: June 2015

Opioid overdose is reversible through the timely administration of naloxone, which has been used by emergency medical services for decades. Law enforcement officers (LEOs) are often the first emergency responders to arrive at an overdose, but they are not typically equipped with naloxone.

This is rapidly changing; more than 220 law enforcement agencies in 24 states now carry naloxone. However, rollout in some departments has been hampered by concerns regarding officer and agency liability.

We systematically examined the legal risk associated with LEO naloxone administration. LEOs can be authorized to administer naloxone through a variety of mechanisms, and liability risks related to naloxone administration are similar to or lower than those of other activities in which LEOs commonly engage.
Dutch Cycling: Quantifying the Health and Related Economic Benefits
Authors: Fishman Elliot , Schepers Paul , Kamphuis Carlijn Barbara Maria
Published: June 2015

The Netherlands is well known for their high bicycle use. We used the Health Economic Assessment Tool and life table calculations to quantify the population-level health benefits from Dutch cycling levels. Cycling prevents about 6500 deaths each year, and Dutch people have half-a-year-longer life expectancy because of cycling. These health benefits correspond to more than 3% of the Dutch gross domestic product. Our study confirmed that investments in bicycle-promoting policies (e.g., improved bicycle infrastructure and facilities) will likely yield a high cost–benefit ratio in the long term.
Loneliness: The Cause or Consequence of Peer Victimization in Children and Youth
Authors: Pavri Shireen
Published: June 2015

This article reviews the extant research literature on loneliness and peer victimization for children and youth, and explores the complex relationship between these two constructs. While lonely students who have few friends and receive limited peer support are vulnerable to being victimized by their peers, loneliness also emerges as a salient outcome of persistent and chronic peer victimization. The author discusses the phenomenon and incidence of bullying, the predictors of bullying and loneliness in children and youth, and reviews the literature associated with peer victimization in children and youth with disabilities, a population that is particularly vulnerable to being both the perpetrator and victim of bullying. The article concludes with a review of school-based intervention approaches to alleviate bullying in children and youth.
A Systematic Review of Loneliness and Common Chronic Physical Conditions in Adults
Authors: Petitte Trisha , Mallow Jennifer , Barnes Emily , Petrone Ashley , Barr Taura , Theeke Laurie
Published: June 2015

Loneliness is a prevalent and global problem for adult populations and has been linked to multiple chronic conditions in quantitative studies. This paper presents a systematic review of quantitative studies that examined the links between loneliness and common chronic conditions including: heart disease, hypertension, stroke, lung disease, and metabolic disorders. A comprehensive literature search process guided by the PRISMA statement led to the inclusion of 33 articles that measure loneliness in chronic illness populations. Loneliness is a significant biopsychosocial stressor that is prevalent in adults with heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and lung disease. The relationships among loneliness, obesity, and metabolic disorders are understudied but current research indicates that loneliness is associated with obesity and with psychological stress in obese persons. Limited interventions have demonstrated long-term effectiveness for reducing loneliness in adults with these same chronic conditions. Future longitudinal randomized trials that enhance knowledge of how diminishing loneliness can lead to improved health outcomes in persons with common chronic conditions would continue to build evidence to support the translation of findings to recommendations for clinical care.
Restatements: Do They Affect Auditor Reputation for Quality?
Authors: Irani Afshad J. , Tate Stefanie L. , Xu Le (Emily)
Published: June 2015

SYNOPSIS

We examine whether an auditor's involvement with a financial statement restatement has a negative effect on their reputation as evidenced by both clients' and the market's assessments of audit firm quality. Specifically, we investigate the effect of auditor involvement with restatements on the non-restating clients' likelihood to dismiss their auditors in the year subsequent to restatement and on non-restating clients' market adjusted returns (MARs) around the restatement announcement date. We also investigate whether the severity of the restatements has a differential effect on both variables. We find non-restating clients are more likely to dismiss auditors as the number of restatements the auditor was involved with increases, and this likelihood increases with the number of restated items. In addition, non-restating clients' MARs are significantly negative around the restatement announcement date and are more negative with more severe restatements.
The Validity of Auditor Industry Specialization Measures
Authors: Audousset-Coulier Sophie , Jeny Anne , Jiang Like
Published: June 2015

In this research note, we examine the validity of the measures of auditor industry specialization in empirical archival audit research. Industry specialist auditors are auditors who have developed a specific expertise and are therefore able to provide high quality and more efficient services to their clients. Over the years, research scholars have developed a multiplicity of measures of industry specialization (ISP). We compare 30 ISP measures and find that the use of different ISP proxies results in inconsistent classifications of auditors as specialists. Using audit fee and earnings quality models, we further show that these inconsistencies have a significant effect on the inferences drawn from the models using ISP measures. We conclude that ISP measures exhibit a low degree of internal and external construct validity. This represents an important measurement challenge for researchers and casts some doubts on the robustness of prior empirical evidence found in auditor industry specialization research.
Antecedents to Unethical Corporate Conduct: Characteristics of the Complicit Follower
Authors: Mowchan Michael , Lowe D. Jordan , Reckers Philip M. J.
Published: June 2015

Appropriately, researchers are devoting increased attention to the behavioral antecedents to unethical conduct in business. Prior management research, however, has focused primarily on destructive leaders while little research has focused on complicit followers, especially outside of the management literature. Thus, this paper examines three individual characteristics of followers—impulsivity, authoritarianism, and proactivity—in an accounting context. Two quasi-experiments are conducted to determine whether each characteristic influences an individual's intention for unethical complicity (Study 1) and ability to identify ethical dilemmas (Study 2). Results reveal that both high impulsivity and low authoritarianism lead to greater intention for unethical complicity and reduced ability to identify ethical dilemmas. Consistent with our prediction, high impulsivity and low authoritarianism interactively lead to the greatest intention for unethical complicity and lowest ability to identify ethical dilemmas. Additionally, in Study 1, high proactivity and high authoritarianism interactively lead to the greatest intention to resist supervisors' requests for compliant misconduct. Important contributions and implications for both theory and practice are also discussed.
Cisco Systems, Inc.: Minding the GAAP?
Authors: Jeffrey Cynthia G. , Perkins Jon D.
Published: June 2015

Cisco Systems, Inc. manufactures and sells networking and communications products and provides services associated with that equipment and its use. In April 2001, Cisco announced a charge of $2.249 billion against earnings for obsolete inventory. The financial press gave extensive coverage to the write-off, including claims that Cisco was writing off inventory in an effort to set up future windfall profits. Students are required to examine and integrate information from multiple sources, including the relevant U.S. authoritative literature, SEC commentary relevant to Cisco's decision, and Cisco's disclosures, to critically evaluate reactions from the financial press and examine the potential for biased reporting in both Cisco's disclosures and the reactions of the financial press. This case is appropriate for an undergraduate intermediate accounting course or for graduate courses in financial statement analysis or accounting theory.
Allergic Rhinitis and its Relationship with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Authors: Degirmenci Papatya Bayrak , Kirmaz Cengiz , Oz Derya , Bilgir Ferda , Ozmen Bilgin , Degirmenci Mustafa , Colak Hulya , Yilmaz Hamiyet , Ozyurt Beyhan
Published: June 2015

Background

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common of all autoimmune diseases. In the literature, Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is considered to be a T-helper (Th) type 1 dominant condition, and Graves disease is considered a Th2-dominant condition.

Objective

The aim of this study was to highlight a new aspect of the relationships among Th cell subgroups by determining the incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

Patients were diagnosed with AR based on their medical histories, physical examinations, and skin-prick test results in an outpatient clinic. The levels of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and thyroglobulin antibodies were measured in peripheral blood samples from all study subjects.

Results

A total of 1239 patients with AR and 700 consecutive, age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in the study. Thyroid function tests showed that 1037 patients with AR (83.7%) had normal thyroid function, 171 (13.8%) had euthyroid HT, and 31 (2.5%) had hypothyroid HT. Among the control subjects, thyroid function test results showed that 688 subjects (98.2%) had normal thyroid function, 10 subjects (1.4%) had euthyroid HT, and 2 subjects(0.4%) had hypothyroid HT.

Conclusion

The incidence of HT in the general population is 1.5%; in contrast, it was observed in 16.3% of our patients with AR, which represented a much higher rate than that in the overall population. Graves disease was not detected in our study subjects. A high incidence of HT in patients with AR, in which Th2 responses are dominant, indicates that further studies of the relationships among atopy, autoimmune diseases, and Th cell subgroups are needed.
An Aging Workforce and the Future Labour Market in Canada
Authors: McDaniel Susan A. , Wong Lloyd L. , Watt Bonnie
Published: June 2015

The aging workforce poses perplexing policy challenges, even in Canada, which is demographically young among comparable countries. We ask what the evidence shows about whether there are, or will be, labour or skills shortages as the workforce ages. Highlighting the challenges of measuring labour/skills shortages, we explore peer-reviewed research in the 2000–2013 period. No evidence is found of a national labour shortage in the foreseeable future. In fact, the workforce is predicted to grow for the coming two decades with less shrinkage than in the past as a result of retirements. Regional and occupational shortages occur at times, as well as underutilized skills.
Modes and Moods of Mobility: Tourists and Commuters
Authors: Löfgren Orvar
Published: June 2015

What can we learn from comparing different modes and moods of travel, among, for example, tourists and commuters? This paper contrasts these two very different kinds of mobility, and the ways in which they organise both motion and emotion. It is not only a question about how people interact with various systems of transport, but also how materialities and affects work together. An important topic is the question of how people acquire travelling skills. How do they learn to be a tourist or a commuter, to handle a train ride, navigate a transit space, or interact with strangers? A good reason to contrast commuters and tourists is also because they have often been studied within very different research paradigms. How can these different research traditions be put into a dialogue with each other, and help to develop methods for capturing the often elusive ways in which motion and emotion work together?
Training Artificial Neural Networks by a Hybrid PSO-CS Algorithm
Authors: Chen Jeng-Fung , Do Quang , Hsieh Ho-Nien
Published: June 2015

Presenting a satisfactory and efficient training algorithm for artificial neural networks (ANN) has been a challenging task in the supervised learning area. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the most widely used algorithms due to its simplicity of implementation and fast convergence speed. On the other hand, Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm has been proven to have a good ability for finding the global optimum; however, it has a slow convergence rate. In this study, a hybrid algorithm based on PSO and CS is proposed to make use of the advantages of both PSO and CS algorithms. The proposed hybrid algorithm is employed as a new training method for feedforward neural networks (FNNs). To investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm, two benchmark problems are used and the results are compared with those obtained from FNNs trained by original PSO and CS algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms both PSO and CS in training FNNs.
Analyzing and Comparing Biomass Feedstock Supply Systems in China: Corn Stover and Sweet Sorghum Case Studies
Authors: Ren Lantian , Cafferty Kara , Roni Mohammad , Jacobson Jacob , Xie Guanghui , Ovard Leslie , Wright Christopher
Published: June 2015

This paper analyzes the rural Chinese biomass supply system and models supply chain operations according to U.S. concepts of logistical unit operations: harvest and collection, storage, transportation, preprocessing, and handling and queuing. In this paper, we quantify the logistics cost of corn stover and sweet sorghum in China under different scenarios. We analyze three scenarios of corn stover logistics from northeast China and three scenarios of sweet sorghum stalks logistics from Inner Mongolia in China. The case study estimates that the logistics cost of corn stover and sweet sorghum stalk to be $52.95/dry metric ton and $52.64/dry metric ton, respectively, for the current labor-based biomass logistics system. However, if the feedstock logistics operation is mechanized, the cost of corn stover and sweet sorghum stalk decreases to $36.01/dry metric ton and $35.76/dry metric ton, respectively. The study also includes a sensitivity analysis to identify the cost factors that cause logistics cost variation. Results of the sensitivity analysis show that labor price has the most influence on the logistics cost of corn stover and sweet sorghum stalk, with a variation of $6 to $12/dry metric ton.
Combinatorial Pharmacophore-Based 3D-QSAR Analysis and Virtual Screening of FGFR1 Inhibitors
Authors: Zhou Nannan , Xu Yuan , Liu Xian , Wang Yulan , Peng Jianlong , Luo Xiaomin , Zheng Mingyue , Chen Kaixian , Jiang Hualiang
Published: June 2015

The fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling pathway plays crucial roles in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and survival. Aberration in FGFRs correlates with several malignancies and disorders. FGFRs have proved to be attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer, and it is of high interest to find FGFR inhibitors with novel scaffolds. In this study, a combinatorial three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model was developed based on previously reported FGFR1 inhibitors with diverse structural skeletons. This model was evaluated for its prediction performance on a diverse test set containing 232 FGFR inhibitors, and it yielded a SD value of 0.75 pIC50 units from measured inhibition affinities and a Pearson’s correlation coefficient R2 of 0.53. This result suggests that the combinatorial 3D-QSAR model could be used to search for new FGFR1 hit structures and predict their potential activity. To further evaluate the performance of the model, a decoy set validation was used to measure the efficiency of the model by calculating EF (enrichment factor). Based on the combinatorial pharmacophore model, a virtual screening against SPECS database was performed. Nineteen novel active compounds were successfully identified, which provide new chemical starting points for further structural optimization of FGFR1 inhibitors.
Fully Oxidized and Mixed-Valent Polyoxomolybdates Structured by Bisphosphonates with Pendant Pyridine Groups: Synthesis, Structure and Photochromic Properties
Authors: Oms Olivier , Benali Tarik , Marrot Jérome , Mialane Pierre , Puget Marin , Serier-Brault Hélène , Deniard Philippe , Dessapt Rémi , Dolbecq Anne
Published: June 2015

Hybrid organic-inorganic polyoxometalates (POMs) were synthesized in water by the reaction of a MoVI precursor with bisphosphonate ligands functionalized by pyridine groups. The fully oxidized POM [(MoVI3O8)2(O)(O3PC(O)(C3H6NH2CH2C5H4NH)PO3)2]4− has been isolated as water insoluble pure Na salt (NaMo6(Ale-4Py)2) or mixed Na/K salt (NaKMo6(Ale-4Py)2) and their structure solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The mixed-valent complex [(MoV2O4)(MoVI2O6)2{O3PC(O)(C3H6N(CH2C5H4N)2(MoVIO3))PO3}2]8− was obtained as an ammonium salt (NH4Mo6(AlePy2Mo)2), in the presence of a reducing agent (hydrazine). 31P NMR spectroscopic studies in aqueous media have allowed determining the pH stability domain of NH4Mo6(AlePy2Mo)2. NaMo6(Ale-4Py)2 and NaKMo6(Ale-4Py)2 exhibit remarkable solid-state photochromic properties in ambient conditions. Under UV excitation, they develop a very fast color-change from white to deep purple and proved to be the fastest photochromic organoammonium/POM systems. The coloration kinetics has been fully quantified for both salts and is discussed in light of the hydrogen-bonding networks.
Effect of Boron Doping on Cellular Discontinuous Precipitation for Age-Hardenable Cu–Ti Alloys
Authors: Semboshi Satoshi , Ikeda Jun , Iwase Akihiro , Takasugi Takayuki , Suzuki Shigeru
Published: June 2015

The effects of boron doping on the microstructural evolution and mechanical and electrical properties of age-hardenable Cu–4Ti (at.%) alloys are investigated. In the quenched Cu–4Ti–0.03B (at.%) alloy, elemental B (boron) is preferentially segregated at the grain boundaries of the supersaturated solid-solution phase. The aging behavior of the B-doped alloy is mostly similar to that of conventional age-hardenable Cu–Ti alloys. In the early stage of aging at 450 °C, metastable β′-Cu4Ti with fine needle-shaped precipitates continuously form in the matrix phase. Cellular discontinuous precipitates composed of the stable β-Cu4Ti and solid-solution laminates are then formed and grown at the grain boundaries. However, the volume fraction of the discontinuous precipitates is lower in the Cu–4Ti–0.03B alloy than the Cu–4Ti alloy, particularly in the over-aging period of 72–120 h. The suppression of the formation of discontinuous precipitates eventually results in improvement of the hardness and tensile strength. It should be noted that minor B doping of Cu–Ti alloys also effectively enhances the elongation to fracture, which should be attributed to segregation of B at the grain boundaries.