bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Still Very Excite: A Retrospective of Ethnic Humor, Political Correctness, and Hate Speech in Sacha Baron Cohen's Borat
Authors: Wöll Steffen
Published: May 2022

During four years of Donald Trump's presidency, controversies about the limits of free speech and virtues of political (in)correctness dominated the media coverage. Shortly before the November 2020 election that marked the end of this era, the release of a sequel to Sacha Baron Cohen's incendiary comedy Borat reiterated the critical role of humor in this increasingly divisive debate. Returning to the post-9/11 cultural landscape of the 2006 original, this paper uses a variety of analytical lenses ranging from discourse analysis to postmodern theory to zoom in on the workings and aftermath of Cohen's provocations. Borat's gleeful exposure of the (non-)boundaries of humor, the paper argues, puts a glaring spotlight on an American society whose moral fabric is increasingly—and sometimes hilariously—worn down between the whetstones of free speech and political correctness.
Lowering the harm of tourist activities: A systematic literature review on nudges
Authors: Souza-Neto Valério , Marques Osiris , Mayer Verônica Feder , Lohmann Gui
Published: May 2022

Tourists harm the destination's environment in many different ways. Behavioural economics (BE) contributes to the formulation of public and private policies to reduce this harm, and its use is growing in the tourism industry. The nudging agenda is converging with tourism, with managers and policymakers realising that the implementation of nudges leads to lower costs and higher effectiveness of behavioural changes, decreasing the harm produced by tourists. However, little effort has been made to comprehend the relationship between nudges and tourism sustainability. To fill this gap, this paper systematises the literature on nudge interventions in tourism and sustainability studies. Our results present the main disciplinary background used in these investigations, with Anglo-Saxon countries leading research on green nudges. The methodological approach adopted by the nudge studies is limited, and causal evidence is lacking. The thematic analysis categorises the interventions and supports the idea that nudges target both unconscious and conscious behaviours. The preferred interventions are the ones with a low-cost application, such as bed linen reuse. Social norms are the main trigger for developing hypotheses and designing nudges. Our study also presents the mediators and moderators of pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) and develops a model to design nudges in the tourism industry. Theoretical, managerial contributions and suggestions for future studies are also discussed.
Religious Organizations: Crosscutting the Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Fulton Brad R.
Published: May 2022

Religious organizations are among the oldest and most influential institutions in the world. Within the U.S. nonprofit sector, they are more numerous than any other type of organization, receive over one-third of all charitable dollars, and appear within every major domain. Given the scale and pervasiveness of religious organizations in the nonprofit sector, it is critical to understand what characterizes these organizations, how they are different from and similar to secular nonprofit organizations, and how religion influences the nonprofit sector more broadly. However, nonprofit scholars have dedicated relatively little attention to religious organizations and still less to religion within the nonprofit sector. Engaging this understudied area can broaden our understanding of nonprofit organizations as well as who participates in the nonprofit sector and why. This chapter begins by defining the field of religious nonprofit organizations and estimating the distribution of religious organizations in the major non-religious domains of the nonprofit sector. The chapter then examines differences and similarities between religious and secular nonprofit organizations. The next section explores various research avenues for approaching religious nonprofits and highlights their relevance to nonprofit organizations in general. The chapter concludes by looking ahead to a strategic site for future research: hybrid organizations, specifically those that embody both religious and secular characteristics and pursue both nonprofit and for-profit aims. The research directions suggested in this chapter can not only generate insights about the field of religious nonprofits but also lead to greater understanding of the organizational life of the nonprofit sector as a whole.
The politics of search-and-rescue and the migration flow through the Central Mediterranean Route
Authors: Rodríguez Sánchez Alejandra , Rischke Ramona , Wucherpfennig Julian , Iacus Stefano
Published: May 2022

According to certain political discourses, state-led and private-led search-and-rescue is an explanatory factor of the observed increase during the period 2013-2016 in the inflow of migrants along the Central Mediterranean route towards Europe, which would imply search-and-rescue constitutes a 'pull factor' of migration. However, throughout these years, various changes in the laws, policies and practices of search-and-rescue operations took place resulting in three distinct periods: The MARE NOSTRUM period, the private-led search-and-rescue, and the period of coordinated pushbacks made by possible by EU-cooperation with the Libyan Coast Guard. These three different periods allow us to test whether the 'pull factor' claim has any empirical support in available data on migration movements along this route. Based on aggregate counts of arrivals, pushbacks and deaths, we employ a Bayesian structural time series model to estimate the effects of these three intervention periods on the migration flow as measured by attempted crossings, net of various drivers of irregular migration from Africa to Europe. We collect multiple sources of traditional and non-traditional data on economic time series, and other 'push factors' to build a synthetic, predicted counterfactual flow. We show that our predictive model can capture the behavior of the target time series in the various pre-intervention periods. Our findings suggest there is no substantial difference between the observed flow through this route and our counterfactual scenario during the search-and-rescue periods, which implies state- and private-led search-and-rescue did not increase the migration flow. Pushback policies, however, did reduce this flow drastically.
Research funding in the context of high institutional stratification. Policy scenarios for Europe based on insights from the United States
Authors: Jappe Arlette , Heinze Thomas
Published: May 2022

This paper argues that stratified structures in university systems should be addressed more explicitly in debates on research funding. The paper connects findings from several streams of literature on US-American research universities: (a) the relationship of organizational status and scientific quality, (b) positional competitions among elite universities, (c) concentration of research funding, and (d) faculty exchange networks as measures of university prestige. Taken together, these literatures reveal a crystalline hierarchy with intense competition for scientific talent at the top but little opportunity for upward institutional and personal mobility. While elite universities provide advantages in terms of research output and prestige, the findings point to social closure as a potentially problematic outcome for a democratic knowledge society. Therefore, the comparison highlights two policy challenges by means of two scenarios: closing the gap in organizational resources, while at the same time ensuring continuing expansion of the research university system in Europe.
Allah's Own Country: Black Nationalism, the Nation of Islam, and Post-9/11 Muslim Identities in the United States
Authors: Wöll Steffen
Published: May 2022

Objections to Muslim immigration to the US seem to be related to potential violence of radicalized Islamic groups like al-Qaeda and Islamic State, often connected to fears of backlash from the nation’s failed foreign policy, most notably the “war on terror” and “Arab Spring” that left large parts of the Middle East in disarray. What contributors to this debate usually overlook, however, are the religious dynamics of black Americans, which are of vital importance for the nation’s history with Islam. Particularly after 9/11, racial dynamic of religion center around the more than six million Muslims in the US, over forty percent are African Americans.
MAPPING THE WATER QUALITY STATUS AND POLLUTION LOAD OF SELOATAP RIVER IN GALENGDOWO VILLAGE, WONOSALAM, JOMBANG
Authors: Wicaksono Adityo Tri , Handriyono Eko Rachmanu
Published: May 2022

Seloatap River is a creek of Brantas River passing through Galengdowo Village, Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency. The majority of people in this area work as farmer and cowman. Unfortunately, its waste of farming has not been well-managed yet. Therefore, a study on the status of river water quality by IP (Index of Pollution) method based on The Ministerial Decree of Environment No. 115 in 2003 and The Government Regulation No. 82 in 2001 is necessary. This research aimed at mapping the results of analyzing the water quality status and pollution load of Seloatap River. This research was carried out in three phases i.e. preliminary survey, river water sample collection, and data analysis. The preliminary survey was for investigating Galengdowo Village location, pollutant type entering the river, river location, and coordinate data collection when the water of Seloatap River was taken. Meanwhile, the sample collection aimed at investigating the pollutant contents that were tested by some parameters namely DO, pH, TSS, BOD, COD, and Total Ammonia (NH3-N). The last, data analysis was for analyzing the obtained data to yield a map. The results of research demonstrated that the calculation using IP method gained from 0.63 (fulfilled the quality standard) to 5.33 (medium pollution).  Accordingly, the mapping process of pollution load and water quality status of Seloatap River indicated that this river was in polluted condition and had high pollution load resulted from farming sector.
KONSEP PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI INDONESIA (Analisis Literasi Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik di Indonesia)
Authors: Futum Hubaib Jamil Bazarah, Ahmad Jubaidi, dan
Published: May 2022

Pelayanan publik adalah suatu proses bantuan kepada orang laindengan cara-cara tertentu yang memerlukan kepekaan dan hubunganinterpersonal tercipta kepuasan dan keberhasilan. Setiap pelayananmenghasilkan produk, baik berupa barang dan jasa (Depdagri, 2004).Sedangkan yang menjadi rujukan utama dalam penyelenggaraan pelayananpublik (Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pelayanan Publik),dijelaskan bahwa pelayanan publik adalah kegiatan atau rangkaian kegiatandalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan pelayanan sesuai dengan peraturanperundang-undangan bagi setiap warga negara dan penduduk atas barang,jasa, dan/atau pelayanan administratif yang disediakan oleh penyelenggarapelayanan publik. Buruknya pelayanan publik di Indonesia sudah bukanrahasia lagi. Di kalangan aparatur negara masih terkesan mempersulitpelayanan, sehingga muncul istlah kalau bisa dipersulit mengapa harusdipermudah; jika bisa diperlambat mengapa harus dipercepat; urusan negaratidak bisa selesai oleh kita sendirian, dan sebagainya. Pola piker dan polasikap seperti itu tentu tidak sejalan. Pelayanan publik merupakan fungsidasar dari pemerinth, karena pemerintah secara historis ada dan diadakanuntuk memenuhi kepentingan dan kebutuhan masyarakat atau anggotanya.Pelayanan publik merupakan produk birokrasi publik yang diterima olehwarga pengguna maupun masyarakat secara luas. Karena itu, pelayananpublik dapat didefenisikan sebagai serangkaian aktivitas yang dilakukan olehinstitusi birokrasi publik untuk memenuhi berbagai bentuk kebutuhan dankepentingan dari warga masyarakat pengguna. Pemerintah pada hakekatnyamemiliki fungsi dasar yakni pelayanan sesuai dengan sejarah terbentuknyanegara/pemerintahan dengan konsep negara sebgai penjaga malam, olehkarena itu pemerintah wajib untuk melayani masyarakatnya dalam upayauntuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan masyarakat, khususnya kebutuhan dasar manusia seperti rasa aman, rasa tenteram, dan lain-lain. Berbedadengan berbagai produk pelayanan berupa barang yang mudah di nilaikualitasnya, dalam hal produk layanan berupa jasa dimana tidak mudahuntuk di nilai kualitasnya. Meskipun demikian, antara pelayanan barang danpelayanan jasa seringkali bersifat komplementer atau saling melengkapi satusama lainnya sehingga sulit untuk dipisahkan satu sama lainnya. Suatuproduk yang berupa barang seringkali disertai dengan adanya pelayanan jasa,misalnya usaha penjualan mobil disertai dengan pelayanan jasa berupagaransi dan service. Begitu juga sebaliknya, pelayanan jasa juga seringdisertai dengan adanya pelayanan barang. Misalnya, pelayanan jasapemasangan listrik tentu akan disertai dengan pemasangan tiang listrik danperalatan pendukung lainnya. Pelayanan jasa tidak berwujud barangsehingga tidak tampak (intangible). Meskipun wujudnya tidak tampak,namun dalam proses penyelenggaraannya bisa atau dapat untuk diamati dandirasakan, misalnya suatu layanan dapat dinilai berjalan dengan cepat,lambat, menyenangkan, menyulitkan, murah, atau mahal dari sisi biayanya.
ANALISIS KONTEN BELAJAR ILMU HUKUM PADA MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM
Authors: Camelia Verahastuti Sarwo Eddy Wibowo Dan
Published: May 2022

Aktivitas menggunakan Media sosial merupakan aktivitas keseharianmanusia sebagai makhluk sosial yang tidak dapat hidup tanpa orang lain.Media sosial merupakan sebuah terobosan dan terus mengalamipembaharuan seiring dengan kebutuhan pengguna (user) dalammelakukan aktivitas sosial dan membaginya kepada pihak lain. Penelitimengkaji mengenai akun media sosial instagram belajar ilmu hukumsebagai sumber informasi dan istilah yang ada di dunia hukum yangberguna bagi masyarakat Indonesia yang notabene awam atau tidakmengenyam pendidikan hukum.
PERAN AKTIF MASYARAKAT DALAM UPAYA PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI YANG MERUPAKAN KEJAHATAN LUAR BIASA
Authors: Farahwati Farahwati
Published: May 2022

Tindak pidana korupsi sebagai perbuatan pidana yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan yang luar biasa (extra ordinary crime).Unsur menyalah gunakan kewenangan karena jabatannya ataukedudukannya sebagai penyelenggara negara serta menguntungkan dirisendiri atau orang lain atau suatu badan, yang sangat menghambatpertumbuhan perekonomian Negara, merusak sendi-sendi kehidupanbermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara, timbulnya krisis di berbagaibidang pembangunan serta membahayakan eksistensi Negara.Penyelenggara Negara mempunyai peranan yang sangat menentukanmewujudkan masyarakat yang adil dan makmur. Dalam menjalankantugas dan fungsinya penyelenggara Negara harus secara sungguh-sungguhdan penuh tanggung jawab, perlu diletakkan asas-asas penyelenggaraanNegara yang bersih dan bebas korupsi. Peran serta masyarakat bermaksuduntuk memberdayakan masyarakat dalam rangka mewujudkanpenyelenggaraan negara yang bersih dari korupsi. Dengan hak dankewajiban yang dimiliki, diharapkan masyarakat lebih bersemangat untukmelaksanakan kontrol sosial secara optimal terhadap penyelenggaraanNegara dengan tetap mentaati aturan-aturan yang berlaku.Metode penulisan jurnal ilmu hukum ini menggunakan metodenormatif, tujuan penulisan untuk mengkaji praktek-praktek korupsi yangdapat dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan yang luar biasa yangmenyalahgunakan kekuasannya atau jabatan ataupun kedudukannyaselaku penyelenggara Negara. Peran serta masyarakat dalam rangkamewujudkan penyelenggaraan Negara yang bersih dan bebas dari korupsidengan memperhatikan hak dan kewajiban sesuai dengan peraturan hukumyang berlaku.
JKSE AND TRADING ACTIVITIES BEFORE AFTER COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: Dewi Catur Kumala
Published: May 2022

The Covid-19 outbreak gave a negative implication not only on the Indonesian stock exchange but throughout the world until WHO declared Covid-19 a pandemic. Stock market movements are formed by stock market participants, including issuers, brokers and investors. IHSG continues to fluctuate sharply and tends to decrease in the beginning of January 2020 to April 2020. Different things happen for trading volumes that have increased.  Trading volume is a combination of sell and buy during the trading session. Before and after Covid-19, IHSG gives an illustration that trading volume is increasingly fluctuating sharply with an upward trend above trading volume before Covid-19. Pandemic provides an overview of IHSG volatility and trading volumes that experience sharp fluctuations with a downward trend. Therefore, reserves are better if diversification is carried out in real assets other than financial assets.
A compact formula for the quantum fluctuations of energy
Authors: Singh Rajeev
Published: May 2022

A formula to calculate the quantum fluctuations of energy in small subsystems of a hot and relativistic gas is derived. We find an increase in fluctuations for subsystems of small sizes, but we agrees with the energy fluctuations in the canonical ensemble if the size is large enough. Not only one can use our expression to find the limit of the concepts of energy density or fluid element in connection to relativistic heavy-ion collisions, but also in other areas of physics where one studies matter with high temperature and velocity.
YENİ STOK DEĞERLEME YÖNTEMİ CIFO (EN UCUZ GİREN İLK ÇIKAR) VERGİ GELİRLERİNDE ARTIŞ YARATABİLİR
Authors: ŞEN Ogün , DİNÇ Yusuf
Published: May 2022

Bir işletme veya yatırımcı kâr-zarar durumunu görebilmek ve ödeyeceği vergiyi önceden bilebilmek için iyi bir maliyet analizi yapmak zorundadır. Maliyet hesaplaması yapılırken, ulusal muhasebe standartlarının izin verdiği stok değerleme yöntemlerinden herhangi birisi kullanılabilir.
Bu çalışmada, mevcut stok değerleme yöntemlerinden biri olan fakat pek kabul edilmeyen, hatta genel olarak tartışılan ve birçok akademik kaynakta neredeyse hiç yer verilmeyen LOFO (Düşük Gelen İlk Çıkar) modeli yerine, yeni bir isim ve bakış açısı ile farklı bir model geliştirilecek ve anlatılacaktır. Düşünülen yeni isim CIFO (Cheapest In First Out) olacak. En düşük giren ilk çıkar metodundaki en düşük kavramının havada kalışına (tam açıklanmamış, detayları verilmemiş) ve neden yeni bir isim ile bu metodun geliştirilerek ortaya çıkarılması gerektiği konusunda açıklamalar getirilecektir.
Literatüre katkı sağlamak amacı ile üzerinde yeniden çalışılan bu metot, üretime verilecek olan veya satılacak malların, stoklara en ucuz fiyatla giren mallardan olması gerektiği varsayımına dayanır. Bu tekrar ele alınan değiştirilmiş modelle daha önce kullanılan veya literatürde bilinen diğer yöntemlerin göz ardı ettiği fiyat volatilitesi (oynaklık) yüksek olan her türlü stok ve benzeri varlıkların değerlendirilerek sağlıklı bir gelir-gider hesaplaması sayesinde, daha net bir kâr/zarar ve ödenecek vergi durumunu ortaya koyacağı devlet yanlısı bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır. CIFO metodunun devletlerin vergi gelirleri lehine sonuçlar doğuracağı düşünülmektedir.
Upaya Meningkatkan Motorik Kasar Melalui Kegiatan Senam Irama Pada Kelompok B di TK Al-Hidayah 85 Ambulu Jember
Authors: Sholihah Wardatus , Pertiwi Eky Prasetya
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motorik kasar anak melalui kegiatan  senam  irama pada anak usia  5-6 tahun  di TK Al-Hidayah  85 Ambulu  Jember.  Kemampuan  motorik  kasar  sangat  diperlukan  oleh  anak untuk melangsungkan kehidupannya. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Al-Hidayah 85 Ambulu yang berjumlah 23 anak. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya meningkatkan motorik kasar melalui kegiatan senam irama di TK Al-Hidayah 85 Ambulu Jember mengalami peningkatan  pada  semua aspek penilaian  disetiap  siklus yang telah dilakukan.  Adapun  upaya  yang  dilakukan  untuk  meningkatkan motorik kasar melalui kegiatan senam irama di TK Al-Hidayah 85 Ambulu adalah dengan gerakan melompat dua kaki, mengangkat kedua tangan, dan menggerakkan kekiri dan kekanan.
Kajian Wacana Upaya Meningkatkan Motorik Halus Melalui Kegiatan Bermain Plastisin pada Anak Usia 5–6 Tahun
Authors: Kamala Dewi , Chandra Ratnasari Dwi Ade
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan motorik halus anak pada usia 5-6 tahun, dimana diketahui bahwa salah satu faktor penyebab kurangnya perkembangan motorik halus yaitu orang tua maupun guru kurang memberikan stimulus kepada anak untuk mendorong aspek perkembangannya serta kurang menariknya kegiatan yang diberikan untuk mengasah kemampuan motoriknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research atau penelitian kepustakaan. dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif data atau sumber data yang diambil adalah dari data kepustakaan berupa buku buku dan jurnal jurnal penelitian yang sesuai dengan kajian yang akan diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan bermain plastisin dapat meningkatkan perkembangan motorik halus anak usia 5-6 tahun juga dapat meningkatan ketuntasan belajar maupun dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk orang tua maupun guru dalam memberikan motivasi pada diri anak salah satunya dengan memberikan kesempatan kepada anak untuk melakukan kegiatan bermain plastisin yang dapat dibentuk dan diolah sesuai dengan keinginan dan imajinasi anak.
On Chaotic Operators
Authors: Abu Jahel Abdallah M. , As’ad As’ad Y.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we present new results on chaotic operators on Banach spaces. Also we study the relation between subspacechaoticity and the direct sum of two operators. In particular, we prove that if the direct sum of two operators is a subspacechaotic, then both operators are subspace-chaotic, but the converse is not true in general. We show that this is true under necessary conditions.
Conjugated Gradient with Four Terms for Nonlinear Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Anwer
Published: May 2022

The nonlinear conjugate gradient (GJG) technique is an effective tool for addressing minimization on a huge scale. It can be used in a variety of applications., We presented a novel conjugate gradient approach based on two hypotheses, and we equalized the two hypotheses and retrieved the good parameter in this article. To get a new conjugated gradient, we multiplied the new parameter by a control parameter and substituted it in the second equation. a fresh equation for 𝛽𝑘 is proposed. It has global convergence qualities. When compared to the two most common conjugate gradient techniques, our algorithm outperforms them in terms of both the number of iterations (NOIS) and the number of functions (NOFS). The new technique is efficient in real computing and superior to previous comparable approaches in many instances, according to numerical results.
Visions of Queer Places
Authors: Vuorinne Anna , Kauranen Ralf
Published: May 2022

This article discusses two queer comics from Finland in the 2010s, H-P Lehkonen’s Life Outside the Circle (2017–2018) and Edith Hammar’s Homo Line (2020), analysing them as identity work and acts of queer world-making. Both comics depict migration and foreground identity formation in relation to place. The analysis focuses on the intersectionality of queer identities, marked as minority positions with regard to power structures related to gender and sexuality—where a binary conception of gender and heteronormativity dominates, with systemic hierarchies related to place and different national and regional cultures. Utilising the genre conventions of romance and autobiography, the comics renegotiate hetero- and cis-normative identifications and envision alternative queer spatial formations.
Processual Aesthetics and Feminist Trouble
Authors: Fabricius Charlotte Johanne
Published: May 2022

Within the landscape of current feminist comics production in the Nordic region, Rikke Villadsen is a comics artist notable for works that challenge gendered sexual norms through genre play and visual pastiche. This article explores how Villadsen’s style of comics-making draws on processual aesthetics, a term offered and explored in conversation with Villadsen’s comics and queer theory. Villadsen’s work brings central tenets of second-wave feminist thought into the contemporary context of feminist body politics, resulting in tensions on and beyond the pages of her comics. The article discusses the ways Villadsen’s comics enact feminist trouble through representations of transgressive sexuality, gender roles, and the materiality of the comics as physical objects.
Childbirth during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dancus Adriana Margareta
Published: May 2022

This article provides a close reading of Fødselen [The birth], a powerful and provocative comic by cartoonist, blogger, and nurse Hanne Monge Sigbjørnsen aka Tegnehanne in which she depicts her own negative experiences with childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic. I first place Fødselen in a historical and sociocultural context, highlighting how Tegnehanne draws on the legacies of Nordic feminist comics, participating in recent trends such as COVID-19 comics and graphic reproduction, and tapping into central feminist debates in contemporary Norwegian feminist activism. I then discuss the complex and engaging ways in which Sigbjørnsen depicts the pain of labour and how Fødselen gives important insights into the negotiation of touch in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE FEASIBILITY OF USING EXISTING BACKWATER HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RIVER ERIK)
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Ryzhakov A. N. , Ponomarenko T. S. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: May 2022

Purpose: to develop a scheme for a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of using existing backwater hydraulic structures. Materials and methods. During the research, the existing legislation and bylaws in the field of operation and safety of ownerless hydraulic structures as well as a number of scientific publications in this area were analyzed. Results and discussions. As a result of the study and analysis of regulatory documents in the field of safe operation of structures, as well as long-term experience in performing work in this direction, a scheme for a comprehensive assessment of existing backwater structures has been developed. This scheme includes an assessment according to four criteria: assessment of the safety level, environmental acceptability, social and economic necessity, economic assessment of use. The application of the developed scheme is considered on the example of three ownerless buildings of class IV, located in the channel of the river Eric. As a result of the assessment, the following was determined: 1) to provide for measures to eliminate hydraulic structure no. 3 due to the negative impact that may occur in the case of 1 per cent chance flood; 2) to carry out the reconstruction of hydraulic structures no. 1 (provide for a water supply structure for realizing sanitary water consumption), for hydraulic structures no. 2 to eliminate the congestion formed as a result of a construction waste dump; 3) to leave the actual purpose of the hydraulic structures no. 1 and no. 2, i. e. to use it as a transport infrastructure and for watering livestock. It is also possible to create a recreational zone. Conclusions. The developed integrated assessment scheme can increase efficiency in solving problems with ownerless hydraulic structures – to determine the procedure for their restoration, reconstruction, conservation or liquidation. The implementation of assessment measures can make it possible to comply with the safety requirements of previously ownerless structures, put them into operation and reduce probability of emergency situation at a water body.
DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR IRRIGATION CANAL COATING FORMATION AND RESURFACING
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Baev O. A. , Talalaeva V. F. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: May 2022

Purpose: to develop design and technological solutions for the creation and restoration of destroyed seepage control concrete linings of irrigation canals using modern construction materials. Materials and methods: to create and restore the irrigation canal coatings, the projects of improved structural, process and technical solutions were used with modern materials based on geocomposites and polymers, which made it possible to restore the protective coating of canals and other water-conducting hydraulic structures most effectively and quickly. To define the specific seepage discharge through damage, a calculation method of water permeability of an impervious concrete coating was used, taking into account damage colmatation. Results. Process and technical solutions developed at the level of applications and patents for inventions are characterized by increased efficiency and reliability, which consist in eliminating filtration losses and deformations, while increasing the repaired area durability due to the increased physical and mechanical features of the composition material designs. The proposed calculation methodology for water permeability of an impervious concrete coating, taking into account the damage colmatation, made it possible to determine the specific seepage discharge through damage equal to 0.112 sq. m per day. On the basis of the performed calculation, it is possible to make a decision on the feasibility of reconstructing certain damage to the canal concrete lining, both during their clogging. Conclusions: the use of the developed design and technological solutions for irrigation canal lining damage repairing will increase the seepage control lining imperviousity, increase reliability and prevent the formation of underfloor spaces under protective concrete and reinforced concrete elements.
INVESTIGATION OF A SINGLE-CUT LAYOUT OF EMITTERS FOR IRRIGATING PERENNIAL TREE ORCHARDS
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Shtanko A. S. , Shkura V. N. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: May 2022

Purpose: to study the single-cut layout of emitters in the feed zone of woody plants for compliance with the requirements of perennial orchards. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, an analytical study of single-cut schemes for placing emitters in gardens with planting schemes of 4.0 × 1.5 was carried out; 4.0 × 2.0; 5.0 × 3.0 m under conditions of light and heavy loamy, light clayey soils. The assessment of the conformity of emitters arrangement schemes was carried out according to the criteria “the proportion of the moistening zone from the feed zone” and “the minimum distance from the emitter to the tree trunk”. When determining the parameters of the schemes for placing emitters in the garden, a method to predict the location and planned dimensions of soil moisture contours was used. Results. In the course of the study, it was found that the use of a single irrigation module with one emitter for each tree under the considered technological and soil conditions will make it possible to moisten from 2 to 12 % of the feed zone, this does not correspond to the required moisture coefficient (10–50 %). The use of two emitters for each plant, depending on the position of trees and the type of soil, will make it possible to moisten from 4 to 24 % of the feed zone, which indicates their applicability for planting schemes of 4.0 × 1.5 m and denser on heavy by mechanical composition soils. The use of an odd number of emitters (but more than one) in a single-cut irrigation module is not allowed, since one of them will be located directly near the tree trunk (closer than 0.2 m). Conclusions. A single irrigation module in the studied soil and technological conditions does not meet the needs of perennial horticultural crops according to the considered criteria and is not recommended for drip irrigation of perennial orchards in the southern climatic zone.
The Church Policy of Emperor Justinian I
Authors: Дьячков Герасим
Published: May 2022

В статье раскрываются многообразные черты личности и деятельности св. императора Юстиниана I (483-565) - выдающегося военачальника, правителя, законодателя, богослова, песнотворца ранневизантийского периода, посвятившего всю свою жизнь защите интересов Церкви, охранению ее единства и вероучения, а также распространению Православия в Империи и за ее пределами. Несмотря на то, что реальная политика Юстиниана была небезупречна (как и все в мире борьбы добра и зла), он являлся поистине христианским правителем, понимающим «царствование» одновременно как власть и служение в согласии с правилами и уставами Церкви. Рассматривая основные направления церковной политики св. Юстиниана и указывая на концептуально различные мнения историков и богословов в оценках его богословских взглядов и церковно-государственной деятельности, он отвергает попытки обвинить «могущественнейшего из императоров» в уклонении от святоотеческой веры, утверждая его Православие и святость в согласии с Церковью, прославившей Юстиниана в лике святых.

The article reveals various features of the life and activities of Saint Emperor Justinian I (483-565) - a prominent military leader, ruler, lawmaker, theologian, hymnographer of the early Byzantine period, who dedicated all his life to protecting the interests of the Church, defending its unity and faith, and spreading Orthodox Christianity within the Empire and beyond. Although Justinian’s real policy was not perfect (as nothing is perfect in the world where the good struggles with the evil), he was a true Christian ruler who understood «kingship» as power together with ministry, in accordance with the rules of the Church. The author observes the main directions of Justinian’s policy and points out the divergency among historians and theologians in esteeming Justinian’s theology and church policy, to refute the attempts to blame the «Most Powerful Emperor» with renouncing the faith of the Holy Fathers. Instead, the author maintains that Justinian was Orthodox and saint - in accordance with the Church which has canonized this emperor.
The Particular Features of the Conflicts in the Parishes Belonging to the Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra in the 18th Century (In the Rozhdestvenskyand Serebozhsky Districts of Pereslavl Uyezd)
Authors: Дмитриев Георгий Сергеевич
Published: May 2022

Статья посвящена специфике конфликтов между клиром (и внутри клира) вотчинных храмов Троице-Сергиева монастыря в Рождественском и Серебожском станах Переславского уезда в ХVIII в. В древнем селе Махра, переданном монастырю Ловчиковыми в 1572 г., настоятельское место передавалось от отца к сыну на протяжении полутора столетий, так же обстояло дело и с другими церковными должностями. Но в середине 1750 г., после разборов церковных штатов, на должности в храме Рождества Пресвятой Богородицы стала претендовать семья Григория Заболотского (отца будущего ректора Троицкой семинарии), не принадлежавшая с. Махра, но которого поддержало поместное дворянство. За наследственные места развернулась продолжительная борьба, завершившаяся в 1770-х гг. в пользу исконной священнической династии священника Наума (Орлова). Кадровый и территориальный вопрос легли в основу конфликтов в селе Константиновском, клир которого боролсяне только за свои наследственные права, но и за границы своего прихода (в разное время конфликты приобретали как межприходской, так и внутриприходской характер). Архиереи Переславско-Дмитровской епархии решали замену штатных должностей, как правило, в пользу коренной священнической династии, учитывая также и настроение прихожан.

The article is devoted to the particular features of the 18th-century conflicts among the clergy of the churches belonging to the Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra which were located in the districts (Russ.: stan, volost) Rozhdestvensky and Serebozhsky of Pereslavl uyezd. In the old village (Russ.: selo) of Makhra, donated to the monastery in 1572 by Lovchikov family, the position of Father Superior was hereditary for a century and a half; as for the other church positions, the situation was similar. But in the mid-1750, after an allotment of church positions, a conflict arose as the family of Grigoriy Zabolotsky, father of the future rector of the Trinity Seminary, also aspired to the positions in Makhra’s Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos (this family did not pertain to Makhra but was supported by the local nobility). The long-lasting struggle for the hereditary positions finished in the 1770s when the positions eventually remained with their original obtainers - the family of Priest Naum Orlov. In Konstantinovskoye village (Russ.: selo) the matters of positions and land also became the ground of the conflicts between clergymen who struggled for hereditary rights and for the borders of their respective parishes (parish conflicts would be internal or inter-parish at different times). The bishops of the diocese of Pereslavl-Zalessky and Dmitrov would nearly always solve questions of position in favour of the aboriginal clergy family, also taking into account the parishioners’ feelings.
On the History of Secret Police Under Empress Anna Ioannovna: The Case of Archimandrite Alexander (Maksimov) and Yefreytor Yeremey Tashirev
Authors: Голованов Даниил Андреевич
Published: May 2022

Настоящая статья представляет собой расшифровку архивного дела, касающегося политического сыска по «Слову и делу государеву» Канцелярии тайных розыскных дел в правление императрицы Анны Иоанновны. Фигурантами данного дела, проходившего с 19 ноября 1734 г. по 30 января 1735 г., являлись: арестанты Ларион Еремеев и насельник Трифонова монастыря Вятской епархии архимандрит Александр (Максимов), начальник караула ефрейтор Ингерманландского пехотного полка Еремей Таширев и два караульных солдата Какуев Алексей и Егор Михайлов. Доносчиком по «слову и делу» на архимандрита Александра и ефрейтора Таширева выступил Ларион Еремеев, два караульных солдата А. Какуев и Е. Михайлов стали свидетелями по данному делу. В статье подробно рассмотрен весь ход судебного процесса, начиная от самого доноса Еремеева Синоду, который впоследствии и передал это дело в ведение Тайной канцелярии, где к допрашиваемым применялись пытки и угрозы, выносились жестокие приговоры. Также в статье представлена общая характеристика архивного дела, проведен анализ спорных действий некоторых его фигурантов.

This article is a transcript of the archival file concerning the investigation into the «Word and Deed of the Sovereign» (a common title for political cases) of the Secret Office during the reign of Empress Anna Ioannovna. This case, which was investigated from November 19, 1734 to January 30, 1735. Persons involved: the prisoners Archimandrite Alexander (Maksimov) of St. Tryphon’s monastery, Vyatka diocese, and Larion Yeremeev; Head of Guard, Yefreytor (or Lance-Corporal) of the Ingermanland Infantry Regiment, Yeremey Tashirev; two guard soldiers, Alexey Kakuyev and Yegor Mikhailov. Larion Eremeev acted as an informer on the «Word and Deed» against Archimandrite Alexander and Yeremey Tashirev, while two guard soldiers A. Kakuev and Ye. Mikhailov became witnesses in this case. The article describes in detail the entire course of the trial, starting from the very denunciation of Yeremeyev to the Synod, which later transferred this case to the Secret Office where torture and threat were used, and cruel sentences were passed. The article also provides a general description of the archival case, analyzing the controversial actions of some persons involved.
Требования к разовым респираторам для предприятий министерства цветной металлургии СССР
Authors: Антонік Валерій Іванович , Антонік Ірина Петрівна
Published: May 2022

Определены основные требования, предъявляемые к противопылевым респираторам разового класса, предназначенным для защиты органов дыхания работников предприятий и рудников Министерства цветной металлургии СССР.
О методике исследования изменения поля зрения при работе в респираторе
Authors: Антонік Валерій Іванович , Протопопов П. А. , Коржов П. П.
Published: May 2022

Приведен методический материал исследования величины поля зрения при использовании средств индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания.
Система знань старшокласників із загальної біології та її якості
Authors: Комарова Олена Володимирівна
Published: May 2022

У статті подано авторське визначення поняття «система знань старшокласників із загальної біології». Стверджується, що для системи знань старшокласників із загальної біології характерні автономність елементів, аксіологічність, багаторівневість, відкритість, генералізованість, еволюція, емерджентність, керованість, структурованість, фундаментальність, цілісність цілого.
Методика проведення лабораторного практикуму з біології (11 клас)
Authors: Комарова Олена Володимирівна
Published: May 2022

Із встановленням нових стандартів освіти змінюються підходи до формування ключових компетенцій учнів, переглядаються вимоги до засвоюваних школярами знань, вмінь та навичок. Лабораторний практикум є основним джерелом формування в учнів предметних вмінь та навичок і відкриває можливості для практичного застосування предметних знань. Метою статті є висвітлення окремих питань методики проведення лабораторних робіт з біології у класах з поглибленим вивченням цієї шкільної дисципліни (11 клас), яка дозволяє ефективно формувати в школярів систему предметних знань.
До питання про формування готовності майбутніх учителів до особистісно-орієнтованого навчання
Authors: Гладка О. В.
Published: May 2022

У статті розкрито сутність та зміст поняття "готовність майбутніх учителів іноземної мови"; представлено вимоги до особистості вчителя, який проваджує особистісно-орієнтовану технологію у навчальний процес.
Навчання креативного письма на заняттях з іноземної мови як засіб формування комунікативної компетенції студентів
Authors: Гладка О. В.
Published: May 2022

У статті розглянуто поняття "креативне письмо", "навчання креативного письма"; охарактеризовано найбільш поширені форми креативного письма, окреслено етапи формування умінь креативного письма; розроблен комплекс вправ для навчання креативного письма на заняттях з іноземної мови.
Moratorium in Russian Civil Law: nature, application features and prospects of development regulation (The end)
Authors: Gabov Andrey V.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the institution of the moratorium in Russian civil law. Interest in it is due to the fact that in 2020, as one of the legal solutions to overcome the consequences of an emergency circumstance - the spread of coronavirus infection, as well as to mitigate the consequences of measures taken by the state to prevent its spread, a moratorium on initiating bankruptcy proceedings was introduced. The introduction of a new institution took place in a situation where the concept of “moratorium” was already used in a certain sense in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (as a deferment of the fulfillment of an obligation, established on the basis of a law by the Government of the Russian Federation, leading to a suspension of the limitation period), as well as in bankruptcy legislation (in all laws governing insolvency (bankruptcy), including the current one), where since 1992 the concept of “moratorium on satisfaction of creditors’ claims” has been used. In this regard, there is a need to consider the nature of the moratorium, the characteristics of various types of moratoriums, ascertaining the presence of both their common elements and the features of these moratoriums. Based on this task, the history of the emergence of the institute of moratorium in domestic law, as well as each type of moratorium, is considered. Concrete legal solutions have been proposed to improve the institution of a moratorium in civil law in general.
Chromodoris luteorosea (Rapp, 1827) y Chromodoris
luteopunctata (Gantes, 1962) dos especies de
Chromodorididae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia)
citadas erróneamente en las islas Canarias
Authors: Ortega Jesús , Moro Leopoldo , Caballer Manuel , Bacallado Juan José
Published: May 2022

A partir de ejemplares colectados en las islas Canarias orientales
(Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura y Lanzarote) se describe e ilustra la evolución
del diseño del manto en Chromodoris rodomaculata Ortea y Valdés, 1992,
cuyos individuos juveniles y adultos han sido confundidos con C. luteorosea
y C. luteopunctata, respectivamente, repudiando las citas de estas especies
en las islas Canarias.
EXTREMUM SEEKING BASED COMPOSED RECURSIVE MODEL FREE CONTROL OF TWO-STAGE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS
Authors: Pan Ning , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang , Christov Nicolai , Simeonov Ivan
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a new structure of extremum seeking algorithm is applied to the two-stage anaerobic digestion process to maximize the outflow rate of both hydrogen and methane. The model of the two-stage AD process is presented, which provides the characteristics of the total gas production rate. Based on the original Extremum Seeking Control (ESC), a novel Composed Recursive Model Free Controller (CRMFC) is added for maximum tracking for the gas production in the bioreactors. The proposed controller comprises a recursive model free stabilization term and a recursive time delay compensation term. Standard ESC, Newton-based ESC and Kalman filter (KF) based ESC are respectively combined with the new model-free controller to verify the proposed structure. Numerical simulations illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.
Viviendo la ideología en Cuba. Socialismo en principios y práctica
Authors:   University of California, Davis, CA, United States, Medel Juan Carlos
Published: May 2022

Es reseña de: Living Ideology in Cuba. Socialism in principle and practice Katherine A. Gordy Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 2015
La política cultural de Checoslovaquia en América Latina durante la Guerra Fría: el caso de Uruguay
Authors:   Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana Dr. Emilio Ravignani, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Zourek Michal
Published: May 2022

Este artículo analiza las políticas culturales de Checoslovaquia en Uruguay durante la guerra fría, a través de documentos obtenidos en archivos checos y literatura del período. El énfasis está en la interpretación dentro de un contexto más amplio de diplomacia checoslovaca en América Latina. En relación a las limitadas posibilidades de diplomacia comunista clásica en la región, se utilizó el prestigio de la cultura checa para conducir y promover los intereses políticos y económicos del país. Música clásica y cine, que tradicionalmente tenían éxito en festivales, lograron entonces una gran popularidad en Uruguay. Cuando se analiza la incorporación de la cultura checa en uruguay se pueden identificar seis grandes etapas. El período de mayor intensidad en la cooperación cultural entre los dos países se inició con la Revolución Cubana de 1959 y se prolongó por ocho años. El golpe de estado de 1973 inauguró un nuevo periodo en las relaciones y por los siguientes doce años las oportunidades de promover la cultura de Checoslovaquia se desvanecieron. Este análisis de las políticas culturales de Checoslovaquia en Uruguay contribuirán a entender aspectos pocos examinados hasta ahora en relación con las políticas culturales del Bloque del Este en América Latina durante la guerra fría.
Reflexiones interdisciplinares: la relación entre Arqueología e Historia en Brasil
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Los Reyes, Michoacán, México, Stocker Ana Paula
Published: May 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo plantear algunas reflexiones teóricoepistemológicas referente a la arqueología, partiendo de cuestionamientos relacionados a la interdisciplinaridad, principalmente tratando de su relación con la historia. Además, busca analizar el desarrollo de esta disciplina en países latinoamericanos, enfocándose principalmente en el caso brasileño, llevándonos a concluir que un dialogo entre las estas propuestas disciplinares y los caminos teóricos que tomó la arqueología en la singularidad de este contexto, puede generar una mejor comprensión y nuevas alternativas teóricas.