bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel crushing technique for measuring δ18O and δ2H values of fluid inclusions (H2O) in quartz mineral veins using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Authors: Huseynov A.A.O. , (Jeroen) H. J. L. van der Lubbe , Verdegaal-Warmerdam Suzan , Postma O. , Schroeder J. , Vonhof Hubert
Published: April 2024

Fluid inclusions in mineralized fracture infillings (i.e. veins) could
preserve information about sub-surface fluids like temperature and
salinity. The isotopic composition of water in these fluid inclusions
could provide direct evidence of the provenance of these fluids and
indirectly about the temperatures and rate of vein formation. So far,
the isotope compositions of fluid inclusions have been mainly derived
from carbonate veins and other precipitates, like speleothems. The aim
of this study is to analyse the δO and
δH isotopic compositions of aqueous fluid inclusions
of quartz veins using a Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) analyser in
combination with a moisturized nitrogen background and mechanical
stepwise crushing. For this study, we analysed δO
and δH values of fluid inclusions in quartz veins
from three north-western European locations formed during the Variscan
orogeny. Prior to crushing, the fluid-rich quartz fraction was separated
from the pure quartz fraction from other mineral phases and host rock by
using conventional heavy liquids and magnet separation. Raman
spectrometry detected some rare occurrences of hydrocarbon, methane and
nitrogen in the fluid inclusions. The samples were sequentially crushed
to understand  the impact of different fluid inclusion assemblages (FIA)
on  δO and δH isotopic values.
The results from single and stepwise mechanical crushing, together with
interlaboratory comparisons, exhibit, reliable and consistent isotopic
patterns across locations with high accuracy and precision (for
δO 1SD<0.8 ‰; for δH
1SD< 1.5‰). The obtained data aligns with the existing Global
Meteoric Water Line, providing evidence for the presence of meteoric
fluids in the examined fold-and-thrust belt of the Variscan orogeny.
These findings demonstrate that the CRDS approach can be successfully
used in other geological research to investigate fluids pathways within
the upper crust and the formation of minerals.
Radar Attenuation for Subsurface Sounding on Enceladus: Effects of a Porous Ice Layer
Authors: Byrne William Paul , Plesa Ana-Catalina , Rückriemen Tina , Hussmann Hauke , Benedikter Andreas
Published: April 2024

The presence of a global ocean, the water-rock interface at the base of
the ocean, and the inferred ocean composition derived from sampling the
active plume at the south pole of Enceladus, make Saturn’s moon a
promising location for habitable conditions in the Solar System. Due to
its thin (<35 km) and cold ice shell, Enceladus is expected to
exhibit favourable conditions for direct detection of the ice-ocean
interface using low-frequency radar sounder instruments. Here we
investigate the two-way radar attenuation in the Enceladus ice shell,
focusing on the effect of a porous icy layer generated by Enceladus’ jet
activity. Our results show that as little as 2% of the ice shell can be
penetrated in regions covered by thick and strongly insulating porous
layers. However, the high subsurface temperatures in these regions could
promote the formation of brines at shallow depth that can be detected by
future radar measurements.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting SEP Proton Intensity and Events Using Time Series of Relativistic Electron Measurements
Authors: Torres Jesse , Chan Philip , Zhang Ming , Zhao Lulu
Published: April 2024

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) can cause severe damage to astronauts
and sensitive equipment in space, and can disrupt communications on
Earth. A lack of thorough understanding the eruption processes of solar
activities and the subsequent acceleration and transport processes of
energetic particles makes it difficult for physics-based models to
forecast the occurrence of an SEP event and its intensity. Therefore, in
order to provide an advance warning for astronauts to seek shelter in a
timely manner, we apply neural networks to forecast the intensity of SEP
events. The neural network uses a time series of past and current
electron and proton flux in 5-minute intervals to predict future proton
flux 30 minutes or 1 hour ahead. In addition to regular neural networks,
we also use recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which are designed to
handle time series data. For each model, we consider two approaches: a
single model trained on all data, and the ensemble of models where the
particular model is selected dynamically for each input using the
predicted behavior of the input data. Overall, our results indicate that
a single RNN model forecasts proton flux of each event with less error.
Furthermore, the RNN model incurs less error in predicting proton flux,
but a larger lag, than the forecasting matrix method proposed by Posner
(2007). When advance and extended warnings are incorporated, the RNN
model can improve SEP event prediction scores.
Influence of snow properties, air flow and design on structure-borne snowdrifts at Neumayer Station III
Authors: Hames Océane , Jafari Mahdi , Köhler Peter , Haas Christian , Michael Lehning
Published: April 2024

The genesis of snowdrifts and its governing processes are not fully
understood. Yet, the assessment of snow redistribution by the wind is
essential in snow-affected regions for risk management, water resources
and mitigation tactics. Factors such as flow turbulence and snow
properties showed to be crucial for the snow-wind interaction on flat
terrain. In this work, we add a third component and investigate the
drifting mechanisms of snow around complex building structures using
numerical Euler-Lagrange simulations. The German Antarctic research
station Neumayer III is investigated in particular. Results show that
structure-borne snowdrifts are strongly influenced by the wind forcing,
precipitation, snow cohesion and fine changes in the obstacle shape.
Thus, these factors should be cautiously included in numerical models
simulating snow transport at small scales.
Combining low-temperature thermochronology with 3-D probabilistic kinematic modeling of the Bavarian Subalpine Molasse
Authors: Brisson Sofia , Degen Denise , Wellmann Florian , Hagke Christoph von
Published: April 2024

To understand the exhumation history of the Alpine foreland, it is
important to accurately reconstruct its time-temperature evolution. This
is often done employing thermokinematic models. One problem of many
current approaches is that they are limited to 2-D and do not consider
structural or kinematic uncertainties. In this work, we combine 3-D
kinematic forward modeling with a systematic random sampling approach to
automatically generate an ensemble of kinematic models in the range of
assigned geometric uncertainties. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo, each
randomly generated model will be assessed in regards to how well they
fit the available thermochronology data. This is done to obtain an
updated set of modeling parameters with reduced uncertainty. The
resulting, more robust model can then be used to re-interpret the
thermochronological data and find alternative drivers of cooling for
certain samples.We apply this approach to a simple synthetic model to
test the methodology, and then to the Eastern Alps triangle zone in the
Bavarian Subalpine Molasse. Results show that it is possible to
translate low-temperature thermochronology data into a likelihood
function to obtain a 3-D kinematic model with updated, more probable
parameters. The thermochronological data by itself, however, may not be
informative enough to reduce the parameter uncertainty. The method is
useful, however, to study alternative mechanisms of exhumation for the
thermochronological samples that are not respected by the modeling, even
when uncertainty is considered.
Croatians grapheme encoding at the beginner level of learning Croatian as L2 by Farsi speakers - a case study
Authors: Marman Sandra , Diklić Tanja
Published: April 2024

This study investigates grapheme encoding in Croatian as a second
language among Farsi speakers after twenty hours of learning. Three
phases of encoding tasks were administered: 1) dictation of individual
phonemes, 2) dictation of words beginning with those phonemes, and 3)
dictation of simple sentences with words from the previous phase.
Respondents used “-” to denote unencoded items. Eleven Afghan
respondents at the beginner level (A1 according to CEFRL), aged 18 to
63, were sampled conveniently. The study aims to assess: a) accuracy in
encoding individual graphemes and words, b) problematic graphemes, and
c) accuracy in encoding complete words. The results will illuminate
initial decoding specifics for this group, confronting the added
complexity of differing graphic systems between L1 and L2. Furthermore,
implications for Croatian orthography acquisition as L2 will be
discussed. Analysis of encoding by Farsi-speaking Croatian learners
showed overall success with sentences but difficulty with individual
graphemes, possibly due to reliance on lexical rather than phonological
knowledge. Notably, struggles were observed with “nj,” unlike with
“c” as seen previously. This might be because “nj” is less common in
Croatian, especially early on. Transfer errors from Farsi, like omitting
short vowels, were evident. Instruction for Farsi learners should focus
on specific grapheme errors such as “nj,” “ć,” “dž,” and “đ,” as
well as consonant clusters and short vowel encoding in Croatian.
Attachment insecurities, continuing bonds, and grief among family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lee Wan-Lin , Lin Yaw-Sheng , Liu Emily , Cheng Chih-Tao , Kao Shu
Published: April 2024

The present study investigated the associations among pre-loss grief,
attachment insecurities, continuing bonds (CBs) with the deceased
person, and the post-loss adjustment of the caregivers of patients with
terminal cancer. Data were collected in the hospice department of a
cancer center in northern Taiwan; 66 bereaved caregivers completed both
pre-loss and post-loss scales. The measures used for the pre-loss phase
included the Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (HGRC; pre-loss version),
the Experiences in Close Relationship — Relationship Structures
Questionnaire (ECR-RS), and the Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale
(IOS). The measures used 6-12 months after the death of the patients
were the HGRC (post-loss version) and the Continuing Bond Scale (CBS).
Results showed that pre-loss grief, attachment avoidance, and
externalized CBs explained 46% of the variance in post-loss grief,
indicating that pre-loss grief and ongoing transformation of
relationships after patients’ death may be strong predictors of
caregivers’ post-loss grieving.
Group Audit Risk and Component Auditor Use: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Authors: Gunny Katherine A. , Mao Juan , Zhang Jing
Published: April 2024

This study examines the association between group audit risk and component auditor use. The audit risk model defines audit risk as a function of the risk of material misstatement and detection risk. We use the revelation of an internal control material weakness (ICMW) as an event that increases the risk of material misstatement. Since higher risk of material misstatement requires the lead auditor to reduce detection risk, component auditor use could change after an ICMW. We find that the likelihood of starting component auditor use significantly increases after an ICMW. We also find an increase in the number of large component auditors used after an ICMW and such increase is concentrated in more pervasive entity-level ICMWs and higher-quality component auditors. Our evidence indicates that lead auditors perceive component auditor use as decreasing group audit risk. Our findings should inform the debate on the costs and benefits of component auditor use.
Nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of synthetic graphite in liquids for the synthesis of spherical graphene
Authors: Shavelkina M. B. , Malikov M. M. , Ivanov P. P. , Borodina T. I. , Valyano G. E.
Published: April 2024

Pulsed laser ablation in liquids has become a simple, fast, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of carbon nanostructures since it does not require the use of toxic chemicals. The great advantage of this method is its ability to control the size, shape, and structure of the products by combining parameters of the laser, target material, and liquid. By ablation of two types of synthetic graphite with a high-power copper vapor laser in ethanol and distilled water, spherical graphene was obtained. The composition of the gas phase and the condensation temperature of carbon in the temperature range of 1000–5000 K were determined by means of thermodynamic modeling. The precursors for the formation of spherical graphene during laser ablation in alcohol and water are discussed.
Effect of Variations of Roasting Temperature on the Physicochemical Properties of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora L.)
Authors: Ramanda Muhammad Rizky , Prameswari Azzahra Fali , Ulfa Masayu Nur
Published: April 2024

Robusta coffee has become the most planted coffee in Indonesia and a vital commodity. Robusta coffee is characterized by a more caffeine content, bitter taste, and slightly more acidic compared to that of Arabica coffee. The roasting process is important factors contributing to shape taste, aroma, and the physical characteristics of coffee beans. This study seeks to compare the physicochemical properties of Robusta coffee originated from West Lampung and Tanggamus, and to assess the impact of roasting temperature (light at 190°C, medium at 200°C, and dark at 210°C). Measurement was conducted in duplicate. The findings indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in ash content, moisture content, and pH between coffee from West Lampung and Tanggamus, while color and caffeine content did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The geographic origin of coffee beans influences their physicochemical properties. Moreover, all examined parameters (ash content, moisture content, pH, color, and caffeine content) show a direct relationship with the roasting temperature. Consequently, roasting temperature plays a pivotal role in shaping the physicochemical properties of coffee beans. Keywords: Caffeine, Coffee, Region, Roasting, Temperature.
Pandemic and invasion related inflation in the selected European Union countries
Authors: Zimková Emília , Bruncková Michaela , Pintér Ľubomír , Sičová Kristína
Published: April 2024

The invasion of Russia in Ukraine brought not only the suffering of the Ukrainian people, but also an unprecedented rise in price levels in Europe. Moreover, the European Union countries underwent a series of negative supply shocks caused by pandemic-induced supply chain disruptions and the invasion-induced energy crisis. Through the available data on inflation, the harmonized index of consumer prices and other variables related to it, we analyse the growth of the price level in the EU countries. In this contribution we focus on the first year of the invasion. The methodological tool is cluster analysis in SPSS, as we use the dendrograms and graphs to find out in which countries the supply chain disruptions, the war in Ukraine and consequent energy crisis have a significant impact in increasing price levels in the EU in 2022. These are countries more energy dependent on Russian suppliers of oil or natural gas.
Impacts of COVID–19 pandemic to personnel activities in Slovak enterprises
Authors: Klementová Vladimíra , Klement Ladislav , Ferovová Saša
Published: April 2024

The aim of the article is to identify and determine the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on selected personnel activities of Slovak companies. Specifically, the article focuses on personnel activities such as recruiting and laying off employees, training, evaluation of work performance and rewarding. It also analyzes the change in forms of employing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical data were collected by online questionnaire during May 2023 within randomly selected sample of Slovak enterprises. The research sample consists of 60 enterprises. The article brings the answers to two research questions.
Factors shaping Bitcoin's valuation and price formation
Authors: Sedliačik Ivan , Huňady Ján
Published: April 2024

Our research examines the factors shaping Bitcoin's valuation and price formation. It highlights the role of scarcity, which, combined with demand, influences prices over the long term. Models such as the Stock-to-Flow (S2F), Network Value-to-Transaction (NVT), and Metcalf's Law provide valuable insights into Bitcoin's valuation dynamics. Bitcoin's predetermined monetary policy, including halving events, contributes to its scarcity and deflationary nature, affecting miner profitability and price dynamics. Network effects, evidenced by growing user base and adoption, also drive demand and valuation. While scarcity and network effects are primary drivers, other factors like technological advancements and regulatory developments also play a role. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for assessing Bitcoin's long-term value in the digital asset landscape.
Numerical Modelling of Bearing Strength of Concrete Strengthening with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) Wrapping for Different Thickness of CFRP Sheet
Authors:   Iras Perunding (Civil and Structural Engineering, and Project Management Consultant) No. 20A, Taman  Perkota, 75350 Melaka, Malaysia, Kamaruzaman Filzah Sofiya , Yahya Norrul Azmi ,   2School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), Pasir  Gudang, Johor, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

The bearing strength of concrete plays an important role in transmitting the bearing force into the structural supports, especially for buildings and infrastructure such as concrete footings, concrete bridges, column corbels and concrete connections. The structural behaviour of the concrete bearing is related to the confinement effect, in which the load is transmitted to the concrete surface through the contact interaction between the steel bearing plate. However, extreme penetration on the contact surface of the concrete blocks by the steel bearing plate leads to failure modes on the concrete block. This research study focuses on the performance of the bearing strength of the concrete when it is wrapped with carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) as the strengthening method. This research also examines the bearing strength of concrete when it is wrapped with a single layer of different thicknesses of CFRP sheet, which range from 1mm to 4mm thick. In order to understand the concrete bearing performance, a finite element model (FEM) using ABAQUS/CAE software is developed. An optimum meshing with a size 12.5mm is used for the further nonlinear analysis of the concrete model to discuss the results, such as the model validation by comparing the bearing strength results from the FE model with the Australian Standard, the comparison of the load-displacement curve for different thicknesses of CFRP wrapping, as well as the structural response or visualization of the concrete model. From the results, it shows that the different thicknesses of the CFRP wrapping significantly have a positive impact on the bearing capacity of the concrete, where the bearing strength of the concrete increases up to 26.16% as the thickness of the CFRP wrapping increases to 4mm for the optimum meshing size of 12.5mm. The FE visualization also shows various structural responses of the concrete bearing in the context of the deformation shape, vertical displacement, vertical stress distribution and max and minimum principal stress distribution of the concrete bearing, which are further discussed in this report
The comfort level in breast cancer patients’ based on patients’ characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nuraini Tuti , Yusuf Yushlihah Rofiati , Rachmi Shanti Farida , Gayatri Dewi
Published: April 2024

Background: Comfort level in breast cancer patients is one of the most critical factors influencing patientâ€™s treatment commitment. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various sectors, especially health status.

Objectives: This study aims to describe patients' comfort levels during the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate the relationship between patientsâ€™ characteristics and comfort levels.

Methods: This study involved 108 respondents using a consecutive sampling technique at one time (cross-sectional). The research instrument was Comfort Assessment Breast Cancer Instrument (CABCI). The data were analyzed using Chi-Square.

Results: The results showed that the comfort level in this study is categorized as comfortable. The best comfort aspect is the environmental aspect and the least is the physical aspect. In addition, there are two variables related to comfort, treatment (p = 0.007; Î± = 0.05) and treatment room (p = 0.000; Î± = 0.05). The best comfort level was found in chemotherapy treatment and outpatient rooms. Patients feel comfortable with a neat, clean, conducive hospital environment and the implementation of health protocols. These aspects could effectively prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Conclusions: The results of this study recommend nursing services to optimize all aspects of comfort, which could still be improved. Interventions that maintain or improve comfort will optimize patientsâ€™ health conditions.
The effects of substrate temperature on the reproductive success of Caretta caretta on a volcanic beach in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Di Gangi Antonella , D’Emanuele Dario , Vecchioni Luca , Citarrella Andrea , Cambera Irene , Ventura Lucia , Principato Elena , Visconti Giulia , Torri Marco , Faraone Francesco P. , Arculeo Marco
Published: April 2024

A five-year of monitoring (2018–2022) of the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta nests in “Pozzolana di Ponente” beach on Linosa Island (Pelagie Archipelago, Italy) is here reported. To explore how temperatures affect the hatching success and the possible occurrence of any malformation in hatchlings, incubation temperature values were recorded using data loggers positioned at depths of 5 and 35 cm (for each nest) from the surface, approximately 0.5 m from the nest chamber. The obtained results highlighted important issues related to the success of hatching and the incidence of body anomalies. The temperatures recorded at different depths near the nests (5 and 35 cm) in some periods of incubation of the eggs were above optimal development temperature (i.e., ~33°C), causing high mortality rates, especially during the first two years of the survey (2018–2019). In the next three years (2020–2022), the implementation of shading cover cloths of the nests increased the survival rate and decreased the incidence of malformed individuals. Furthermore, atmospheric temperature data were extrapolated from the “Copernicus Climate Change” web service and included in our analyses to assess any changes over the timeframe analysed. Over five years (2018–2022), the average atmospheric temperature increased slightly by 1.7°C. In light of global warming, the implementation of effective and low-cost mitigation activities, such as the use of shade cloth covers to protect the nests from overheating, should be considered a suitable conservation action.
Footprints of Stress in Vitiligo: Association of the 5-HTR2C rs6318 Variant
Authors: Yilmaz Izel , Yazici Serkan , Ergoren Mahmut Cerkez , Baskan Emel Bulbul , Oral Haluk Barbaros , Aydogan Kenan , Temel Sehime Gulsun
Published: April 2024

Vitiligo is a chronic, progressive autoimmune dermatological disease, and stress is known to have an impact on the development of vitiligo. However, the effect of the serotonin pathway and its impact have not been clearly explained for disease progression. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the stress induced serotonin receptor 5-HTR2C rs6318 variant and its association with vitiligo pathogenesis.

Case-control study was conducted with 108 vitiligo patients and 107 age-sex matched, unrelated healthy control group. Real Time-PCR analysis was used for genotyping the 5-HTR2C variation. Genotype and allele frequencies, genotype distributions, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and vitiligo-related risk measurements were examined. Genotype correlations of the variant were also analyzed based on gender difference, age onset, Koebner phenomenon history, triggered with stress, clinical subgroups, treatment types, the presence of other autoimmune diseases, vitiligo presence in family members and other auto-immune diseases in relatives.

Statistical differences in 5HT-R2C receptor genotypes and allele frequencies between patients and controls were not detected. Genotype frequencies were not in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in the patients’ group (p<0.00001). The frequency of the risk allele (allele C) was not significantly different between the patient and control groups (p=0.1392). However, in the clinical subgroup analysis, the risk allele presence was detected to be significantly higher for early age onset (<40 years) vitiligo development (p=0.035, OR=Infinity, RR=1.391) and lower in Koebner phenomenon history (p=0.0276, OR= 0.219, RR=0.325).

In conclusion, although there was no association between the 5-HTR2C variant rs6318 and vitiligo, current results indicate that there is an association between the 5HTR2C rs6318 variant C allele and early onset vitiligo development.
Morphological and molecular characterizations of Pratylenchus coffeae infecting Ming aralia and coffee in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen H. D. , Nguyen H. T. , Le T. M. L. , Hoang D. D. , Nguyen T. D. , Trinh Q. P.
Published: April 2024

Pratylenchus coffeae, belonging to the root-lesion nematode group, is a highly prevalent and destructive plant-parasitic nematode that is able to infest a wide range of host plants. Although this species' devastating impacts on coffee plantations across the world are widely known on other host plants, its association with Ming aralia has never been reported. Our study characterized two popu lations of P. coffeae (associated with Ming aralia and coffee) and compared them with other popu lations from previous studies in Vietnam and other countries in the world. The identification of P. coffeae in our study was confirmed by the comprehensive analysis encompassing morphological examination, morphometric data, and molecular characterizations of the COI mtDNA and D2D3 of 28S rRNA regions. The cluster and MDS analyses revealed that the two populations of P. coffeae from Vietnam are closely related to those from Japan and Indonesia. The D2-D3 sequences of 28S rRNA and COI mtDNA regions exhibited high similarity among these populations, indicating a stable genetic profile. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the distribution and genetic characterizations of P. coffeae by offering new morphological and molecular insights into the presence of this nematode in Vietnam. Additionally, this nematode species was found to be associated with host plant's symptoms such as chlorotic leaves, stunted growth and root lesion in both hosts. Given the economic significance of both Ming aralia and coffee crops in Vietnam, as well as the damaging potential of P. coffeae, this study emphasizes the need of proactive nematode management measures to control this destructive pest.
Evaluation of anthelminthic and antiprotozoal activity of myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) methanolic extract
Authors: Albasyouni S. , Al-Quraishy S. , Al-Hoshani N. , Al-Otaibi T. , Al-Shaebi E. M. , Abdel-Gaber R.
Published: April 2024

To treat and control parasitic infections, traditional medical remedies using plant products are utilized as antiparasitic agents rather than standard synthetic chemicals due to drug resistance. Myrrh, a resinous exudate of Commiphora myrrha (Burseraceae), is a powerful antioxidant with a variety of medicinal uses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the myrrh methanolic extract (MyE) of three concentrations (100, 50, and 25 mg/ml) on the sporulation of oocysts and as an anthelminthic effector via in vitro study. Characterization of the plant was done by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The earthworm, Eisenia fetida, is used as a model worm to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of MyE. Eimeria labbeana-like oocysts are used as a model protozoan parasite in anticoccidial assays. The sporulation and inhibition (%) of E. labbeana-like were assessed by MyE compared to other chemical substances. FT-IR revealed the presence of twelve active compounds. Our results showed that paralysis and death of earthworms at MyE (100 mg/ml) were 7.88 ± 0.37 and 9.24 ± 0.60 min, respectively, which is more potency when compared to mebendazole (reference drug). In all treated worms, microscopic examinations revealed obvious surface architecture abnormality. This study shows that MyE affects oocysts sporulation in a dose-dependent manner. At 24 and 36 hr, a high concentration of MyE (100 mg/ml) inhibits sporulation by 90.95 and 87.17 %. At 36 hr, other concentrations of MyE (50 and 25 mg/ml), as well as amprolium, DettolTM, and phenol inhibits oocyst sporulation by 40.17 %, 29.34 %, 45.09 %, 85.11 %, and 61.58 %, respectively. According to our research, the MyE extract had powerful anthelmintic and anticoccidial properties.
Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Pasien Program Fisioterapi Praktik Mandiri di Malang Raya
Authors: Mayu Abdul Rahmat Amin , Rahmanto Safun , Ma’rufa Siti Ainun
Published: April 2024

Pendahuluan: Kualitas merupakan keseluruhan karakteristik dari produk dan jasa yang meliputi marketing, engineering, manufacture, dan maintenance dimana produk dan jasa tersebut dalam penggunaannya oleh konsumen/pelanggan akan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan harapan pelanggan. Selain kualitas pelayanan kesehatan, keberhasilan pelayanan fisioterapi juga ditunjang oleh kepatuhan pasien/klien pada program yang diberikan. Kepatuhan merupakan gambaran sikap, sifat, dan perilaku pasien dalam mengikuti program fisioterapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kualitas pelayanan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pasien program fisioterapi praktik mandiri di Malang Raya.

Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif jenis observasional analitik yang bertujuan menganalisis korelasi antara dua variabel dengan pendekatan “cross-sectional”. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pasien yang menjalani Program Fisioterapi di Malang Raya. Teknik sampling menggunakan accidental sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi.

Hasil: Hasil uji korelasi menggunakan Spearman’s rho didapatkan nilai signifikansi atau Sig. (2-tailed) pada variabel kualitas pelayanan dan tingkat kepatuhan sebesar 0,750 dimana nilai p value >0,05.

Simpulan: Tidak ada korelasi antara kualitas pelayanan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan program fisioterapi praktik mandiri di Malang Raya. Praktik fisioterapi mandiri di Malang Raya harus memberikan perhatian khusus pada peningkatan fasilitas hiburan untuk pasien, terutama mereka yang sedang menunggu antrian untuk terapi. Tingkat kepatuhan pasien  fisioterapi praktik mandiri di Malang Raya didominasi oleh pasien dengan tingkat kepatuhan sedang, oleh karena itu, sangat penting bagi fisioterapis untuk memberikan perhatian khusus kepada pasien dengan tingkat kepatuhan sedang, termasuk melalui pendidikan kepada keluarga pasien, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan tingkat kepatuhan mereka agar mencapai tingkat yang lebih tinggi dan menghindari penurunan ke tingkat kepatuhan rendah.

 

Kata Kunci: kualitas pelayanan, kepatuhan pasien, fisioterapi
Hubungan Interaksi Sosial dengan Kualitas Hidup Lansia di Kelurahan Korong Gadang Kecamatan Kuranji Kota Padang
Authors: Rahmah Siti Masyithah
Published: April 2024

Increased life expectancy has resulted in an increase in the number of elderly people. Over time, the various organ systems of the elderly body undergo changes that cause them to have limitations in activities so that they are considered as helpless individuals and slowly withdraw from society. This results in a decrease in social interaction which will affect the quality of life of the elderly. This study aims to determine the relationship between social interaction and the quality of life of the elderly in Korong Gadang Village, Kuranji District, Padang City. This study is an observational analytic study with a cross sectional design. Data were collected by guided interviews using the social interaction questionnaire and the OPQOL-35 quality of life questionnaire with 60 respondents. Respondents had good social interaction (86.7%) and good quality of life (80.0%). The results of bivariate analysis using the Chi-square statistical test showed a p value = 0.043 (p <0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between social interaction and the quality of life of the elderly in Korong Gadang Village, Kuranji District, Padang City.

Keywords : elderly, social interaction, quality of life
MANAGEMENT OF SCABIOSIS WITH ANCYLOSTOMIOSIS IN LOCAL BREED PUPPY
Authors: Sigiro Meilendry Angelina , Widyastuti Sri Kayati , Jayanti Putu Devi
Published: April 2024

Parasitic disease is the most common problem found in dogs, caused by endoparasites and ectoparasites. Sarcoptes scabiei is one of the ectoparasites that can infect dogs and is zoonotic. Hookworm infection in dogs is one of the endoparasites and also zoonotic. The purpose of this case report is to find out the effectiveness of the treatment used in treating scabiosis and ancylostomyosis in puppies. A case dog named Selen with a local breed, female, itching with a level of pruritus 8/10, hair loss around the eyes, ears, neck, dorsal, cranial and caudal extremities, tail, and caudal parts. Crusts on the ears, several spots on the front and back extremities, and erythema on the neck and back. Observed blood spots in the stool which had a mushy consistency fecal scoring 5/7. The physical examination was continued with a skin examination which was carried out using the skin scraping method which showed Sarcoptes scabiei agents, stool examination using the floating method showed the presence of Ancylostoma sp.’s egg and a Complete Blood Count showed that the dog had hypochromic normocytic anemia, lymphocytosis, granulocytosis, thrombocytosis, and eosinophilia. Treatment is carried out with causative treatment, anthelmintic pyrantel pamoate (Cazitel®) and antiparasitic sarolaner (Simparica®), symptomatic treatment of antihistamine Chlorpheniramine Maleate, metronidazole antibiotics, and vitamin B complex as supportive therapy (Livron®). On evaluation day 14, the rate of pruritus decreased to 2/10. In the previously alopecia, crusting, and erythema began to show improvement. Stool no longer contains blood spots with a solid consistency fecal scoring 2/7.
Revealing the Motives Behind Executive and Legislative “Interests” in the Discussion Process and Determination of the Budget Regional Revenue and Expenditures (APBD)
Authors: Razak A. , PS Widodo , Kusmana Endang , Ramli  , Tarmizi Tashadi , Supriyanto Eko
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This interpretive case study delves into the dynamics of executive and legislative interactions in the determination of Regional Revenue and Expenditures (APBD), aiming to understand the underlying motives driving their actions.
 
Theoretical Reference: Drawing on Siegel and Marconi's theory, which emphasizes the influence of individual perspectives on budget figures, this study employs symbolic interactionism to explore the behavior and motivations of the Executive and Legislative branches in the APBD process.
 
Method: Qualitative research is conducted, employing a symbolic interactionism approach to analyze the behavior and discourse of the Executive and Legislative branches during APBD discussions.
 
Results and Conclusion: The study reveals that despite public rhetoric emphasizing performance-oriented budgeting, traditional practices still largely dictate APBD discussions, hindered by a prevailing paternalistic culture and elite commitments. Conflicts between the branches often arise, delaying APBD approval. The findings suggest a phenomenon of Budgetary Mutualism, where both branches engage in strategic maneuvers to secure mutually beneficial gains while maintaining a facade of harmony. However, underlying this facade is a reality of hypocrisy, where public rhetoric masks conflicting interests and power dynamics.
 
Implications of Research: This research sheds light on the complexities of APBD determination, highlighting the need to address underlying power dynamics and conflicting interests between the Executive and Legislative branches. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for reform efforts aiming to improve budgetary processes and governance.
 
Originality/Value: By applying symbolic interactionism to analyze APBD dynamics, this study offers a novel perspective on the behavior and motivations of government actors in budgetary processes. The identification of Budgetary Mutualism and the revelation of underlying hypocrisy contribute to a deeper understanding of governance dynamics.
Investigating the Determinants of Macroeconomic Factors on Outward FDI of Vietnam: The Gravity Model Approach
Authors: Quang Phung Thanh
Published: April 2024

Objective: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the motivations of Vietnam’s outward FDI.
 
Theoretical framework: We extend the gravity model proposed by by Tinbergen (1962) and developed by Ryan W. Tang et. al (2022); Correa da Cunha et. al (2022), Hui-Ching Hsieh et. al (2019) to evaluate the influence of macroeconomic factors of Vietnam and the host countries on the volume of Vietnam’s OFDI flow.
 
Method:  This paper intends to analyze the motivations of outward FDI pattern of Vietnam using the gravity theory and panel data of 15 main OFDI host economies during a 2007-2021 period.
 
Results and discussion:  The regression results confirm that the size of the economy, social index, common borderline and level of economic integration have positive influence on OFDI flows of Vietnam. Meanwhile, geographical distance has negative effect on OFDI flows
 
Implications:  As practical policy recommendations, it is suggested to implement measures aimed at enhancing trade relations and to introduce a new strategy regarding the policy for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in neighboring regions.
 
Originality:  To the best of author’s knowledge, there has not been any in-depth academic study focusing on the Vietnam’s outward FDI. In addition, robustness checks have been conducted to ensure the validation of empirical findings.
Trends in Point of Care Ultrasound Familiarity Among Undergraduate Medical Clerkship Educators
Authors: Schnure Nilan , Mohamed Elfadil Mahmoud , Chan Wilma , Baston Cameron , Shofer Frances , Panebianco Nova
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Despite growing use of point of care ultrasound (POCUS), there remains a paucity of data about familiarity with POCUS among educators who dictate curricular content in undergraduate medical education. This paper aims to longitudinally characterize the level of comfort and frequency of POCUS use among faculty involved in undergraduate clerkship education. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey assessing comfort, frequency of use, and awareness of indications for POCUS among faculty involved in Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, and Surgery undergraduate clerkship education in a single urban academic medical center in 2016 and again in 2022. Results: A total of 45 responses from 2016 and 30 responses from 2022 are included. The percentage of faculty “not comfortable” with performing POCUS decreased from 78% to 46%, although the overall change in comfort was not statistically significant. Comfort interpreting POCUS images, frequency of POCUS use, and familiarity with the clinical applications of POCUS all improved. Faculty identified multiple barriers to more frequent POCUS use. Conclusions: Over a six-year period at one urban, academic medical center, comfort with POCUS and frequency of use have increased slightly but remain low among core faculty responsible for clerkship education. There are still large gaps in knowledge and very regularly use POCUS, which can be attributed to multiple different barriers.
Point of Care Ultrasound for Diagnosis and Management in Heart Failure: A Targeted Literature Review
Authors: Yampolsky Sabina , Kwan Alan , Cheng Susan , Kedan Ilan
Published: April 2024

Background: Cardiac point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has shown increasing utility as a tool for diagnosing and managing heart failure (HF). Within cardiology, volume assessment leveraging visualization of the inferior (IVC) is a central aspect of care, as IVC size correlates with central venous pressure. This targeted literature review aimed to examine the existing literature assessing the use of POCUS in diagnosis and management of HF patients utilizing POCUS-based IVC measurement either alone or in combination with secondary methods. Methods: A targeted PubMed and Ovid database search up until August 28, 2023 using a keyword search was completed. Studies that did not include IVC assessment with POCUS in HF were excluded. Results: The initial search using both PubMed and Ovid resulted in 370 journal publications. After exclusion criteria were used 15 studies were included in the review. Studies were grouped into three categories: 1) how well POCUS was able to identify HF, 2) whether POCUS-based findings correlated with other measures evaluating HF and was able to predict the effect of diuretic administration, and 3) whether POCUS-based findings served as a good prognostic indicator. The 5 studies that evaluated HF identification with POCUS found that both diagnostic sensitivity and specificity may reach 90%-100% when IVC measurement was coupled with a lung ultrasound assessing the presence of B-lines or effusion. Five studies assessing POCUS findings correlating with other HF measures and diuretic effect found that IVC diameter changed significantly with diuretic administration (p<0.05). All 6 studies assessing POCUS as a predictor of long-term mortality or hospital readmission found measures that achieved statistical significance with p<0.05. Conclusions: Including POCUS as standard-of-care both as a diagnostic tool in the emergency department and a management tool in in-patient and out-patient facilities may improve the treatment of HF.
Case report on spontaneous remission in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a rare phenomenon
Authors: Hussain Mussawair , Hussain Fayyaz , Qamar Unaiza , Khan Safia , Ali Syed Asif , Ahmed Parvez
Published: April 2024

Background:

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by a deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins in blood cells. It is associated with hemolysis, thromboembolic events, and bone marrow failure. Management includes complement inhibitors, anticoagulation, and stem cell transplantation. Spontaneous remission of PNH is rarely reported.

Case Presentation:

A 28-year-old male initially diagnosed with aplastic anemia developed portal vein thrombosis and was subsequently diagnosed with PNH. Due to the unavailability of complement inhibitors, anticoagulation therapy and supportive care were employed. Splenectomy with splenorenal shunt was performed for chronic thrombosis and associated complications. The patient achieved spontaneous remission with normalized blood counts and diminished PNH clone.

Conclusion:

Managing PNH in resource-limited settings presents challenges due to the unavailability of complement inhibitors. Spontaneous remission of PNH is rarely reported and needs further research. A multidisciplinary approach, accessibility to diagnostic tests, and advanced treatments will enhance PNH management in resource-limited settings.
Aktivitas Tabir Surya Secara In-Vitro Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Kedondong (Spondias dulcis Sol. Ex G.Forst)
Authors: Rudiyansyah  , Fathurrahman Rizal , Sayekti Endah
Published: April 2024

Excessive sun exposure to the skin can cause redness (erythema) and darkening of the skin (pigmentation). This effect can be prevented by using sunscreen. Kedondong leaves (Spondias dulcis Sol. Ex G. Forst) can act as a natural sunscreen because they contain secondary metabolite compounds with a conjugated double bond structure (chromophore), including phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The presence of conjugated double bonds in phenolic and flavonoid compounds is known to be able to absorb UV radiation thereby reducing its intensity on the skin. This study aims to determine the sunscreen activity of kedondong leaves based on the Sun Protection Factor (SPF), , the percentage of erythema transmission value (%Te), and the percentage of pigmentation transmission value (%Tp) and determine the secondary metabolite groups in kedondong leaf extracts and fractions. The research stages carried out were extraction of kedondong leaves by maceration, dechlorophyllation, followed by fractionation using n-hexane and dichloromethane, to obtain methanol extract, n-hexane fraction, dichloromethane fraction and methanol fraction. Then phytochemical tests were carried out on the extracts and fractions. Phytochemical tests showed that the secondary metabolite compounds in the methanol extract of kedondong leaves were alkaloids, phenolics, steroids and saponins. Furthermore, in the n-hexane fraction are steroids, the dichloromethane fraction is phenolic compounds, and the methanol fraction is alkaloid, phenolic and saponin compounds. Using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 200-400 nm, the sunscreen activity test showed that the dichloromethane fraction at a concentration of 120 mg/L was included in the extra protection category with an SPF value of 7,86±0,23; fast tanning with a %Te value of 15,99±0,83 and sunblock with a %Tp value of 32,72±1,09.
A New Insight Into Toxicity of Database Compounds from Ginger (Zingiber officinale) by Modelling Study
Authors: Frimayanti Neni , Febrina Mira , Yuri Amalia Annisa
Published: April 2024

Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus. The dengue virus is transmitted through female mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Indonesia is a dengue endemic country, and almost all provinces in Indonesia are infected with dengue. However, targeted antiviral drugs against dengue virus (DENV) are not yet available. This study aimed to determine the potential of three compounds isolated from ginger (Zingiber officinale) as dengue NS2B/NS3 inhibitors, and to predict the physicochemical properties (drug-likeness) and potential toxicity of drug candidates. Ginger isolates in the form of [8]-gingerol, [6]-paradol, shogaol were obtained from the Natural Discovery Database (NADI). Toxicity and drug-likeness predictions were performed using ProTox-II and SwissADME, and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) 2022.0901 was used for the molecular docking process. Results: The results showed that the ginger compound (Zingiber officinale), [8]-Gingerol, [6]-Paradol, and Shogaol, had binding free energy of -7.18, -7.10 and -6.88 kcal/mol, respectively. It is indicated that three compounds had  potentiality to inhibit the NS2B/NS3 protein complex with a binding free energy that was almost equivalent to that of the positive control, panduratin A, and similar to that of the positive control, which can be seen in superimposition. In addition, three compounds isolated from ginger met the drug-likeness parameters. Based on the analysis of in silico toxicity studies, the three compounds isolated from ginger showed different levels of toxicity. Therefore, based on the safety level of oral use, the [8]-gingerol compound is safer to develop as a dengue antiviral drug, where the LD50 value of [8]-gingerol is 2.580 mg/kg with a class V toxicity level that is practically nontoxic.