bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Theoretical Potential of Hondsrug Glacial Rock Dust as Soil Remediator in The Netherlands
Authors: Olfert Niels Christian
Published: January 2023

Agriculture in the Netherlands is a major source of ammonia (NH3) emissions. Deposited nitrogen levels in the Netherlands reached 2-3 times their critical value at the start of 2020. Excess nitrogen in soil may cause declines in biodiversity and ecosystemic disequilibrium. This may lead to acidic and decalcified soils that are less capable of retaining nutrients. The mineral fines in rock dust are proven agents in soil remediation and remineralization. Glacial moraine deposits are a branded source of rock dust and are contained in the glacial till of the “Hondsrug” area, a boulder clay ridge in the northeastern Netherlands. Formerly, erratic rocks from this boulder clay served various practical purposes. The existing apparent inutility of these erratic rocks motivates us to review their potential as rock dust. Lack of chemical analyses on the in situ erratic rocks resorts to an evaluation of their inferred Fennoscandian source rocks which are of igneous and sedimentary lithology. The chemical composition of these inferred source rocks is compared with that of proven rock dust suppliers. It is concluded that even though there are compositional parallels between the rock dust, the Hondsrug area glacial till is comparatively decalcified and mineralogically of limited benefit. Moreover, exceptional magnitudes of erratic rocks are scarcely encountered while at the same time, the bulk is preserved as geological heritage. Despite the adversities, it could be chosen to commence trials with crushing idle erratic rocks in the Hondsrug area whenever this may be assessed as a useful supplement.
MANFAAT SENAM NAFAS UNTUK KEBUGARAN PASCA COVID 19 DI DESA WIROCANAN KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO
Authors: Wardani Ratna , Lestari Ririt Ika
Published: January 2023

Setelah dua tahun berjalannya pandemi Covid 19 perjuangan dan kondisi seluruh aspek kehidupan, bahkan aspek perekonomian pun terancam dampak Covid 19, pada akhir 2021 beberapa negara telah mencapai target vaksin Covid 19 sehingga dengan keadaan herd imunity masyarakat tercapai dan perlahan sudah dapat memulihkan keadaan kehidupan masyarakat. Pemulihan fisik pada kasus long Covid 19 bertujuan membantu mempertahankan dan meningkatkan fungsi kapasitas paru serta meningkatkan kemandirian aktivitas fungsional sehari-hari. Latihan nafas yang baik dan benar akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap suplai oksigen ke dalam paru paru, kemudian paru paru akan mengalami pertukaran gas secara proses fisiologis, akibatnya organ jantung juga mendapatkan suplai oksigen yang baik sehingga dapat melakukan fungsi dengan fisiologis pula. Dua organ inilah diperhatikan untuk kemudian berkembang menjadi latihan yang ditujukan untuk kebugaran fisik. Identifikasi masalah menggunakan analisa fishbone yaitu menentukan permasalahan, kemudian mencatat faktor-faktor yang kemungkinan menjadi penyebab permasalahan, kemudian dicari ide-ide alternatif solusi dari permasalahan yang ada dengan analisa USG, selanjutnya melakukan analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threaths) terhadap faktor internal dan eksternal. Berdasarkan strategi di atas, maka dapat diterapkan membuat tatacara dan prosedur pelaksanaan senam nafas yang bertujuan untuk pemulihan kebugaran fisik masyarakat di Desa Wirocanan.
Women Entrepreneurs in the Film Industry: Obstacles, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors:   Siena College, Loudonville, New York, USA, Smith-Hunter Andrea , Nolan James ,   Siena College, Loudonville, New York, USA
Published: January 2023

This paper does a review of the literature that exists for women entrepreneurs in the film industry and includes a look at some major statistical revelations. It does this primarily through a literature review and research on the major articles on women entrepreneurs in the film industry as well as researching industry data from key statistical sources. The findings indicate that women entrepreneurs in the film industry are at a great disadvantage compared to their male counterparts and that this is especially potent for minority women entrepreneurs in the film industry. In order to overcome these deficiencies women entrepreneurs in the film industry have to create network structures that are relevant and reliable and include those both inside and outside the film industry, those in the financial industry and those willing to train and educate the women entrepreneurs on the nuances of the said film industry.
The forestry sector of South Africa supporting the achievement of SDG 15
Authors:   Department Business Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Bronkhorst Seugnet
Published: January 2023

Orientation: The National Framework for Sustainable Growth South Africa was introduced to re-orientate South Africa’s development path in a more sustainable direction. The South African Forestry Industry is discussed detailing commitment to ensure plantation forest establishment and management within the most socio-economically and environmentally beneficial way possible. Research purpose: The South African Forestry Industry is discussed detailing commitment to ensure plantation forest establishment and management within the most socio-economically and environmentally beneficial way possible. Motivation for the study: By identifying the way natural resources are managed, the sustainability of the forestry industry, and innovatively assisting people who directly depend upon this industry to work in safety and live under conditions of acceptable quality can be assured. Research design, approach and method: The conceptual study focusses on the Sustainable Development goals as formulated by the United Nations and specifically SDG 15. The National Framework for Sustainable Growth South Africa was introduced to re-orientate South Africa’s development path in a more sustainable direction. Main findings Although many different methods and approaches monitoring and verifying the sustainability of wood are acknowledged, verification from the Forest Stewardship Council is the preferred certification for the World Forestry Organization. The community’s increased control over forests will ensure that the UN Voluntary Positive impacts of sustainable forest management (SDG 15) will be followed. Practical/managerial implications: Industry is discussed detailing commitment to ensure plantation forest establishment and management within the most socio-economically and environmentally beneficial way possible. By identifying the way natural resources are managed, the sustainability of the forestry industry, and innovatively assisting people who directly depend upon this industry to work in safety and live under conditions of acceptable quality can be assured Contribution/value-add: Although many different methods and approaches monitoring and verifying the sustainability of wood are acknowledged, verification from the Forest Stewardship Council is the preferred certification for the World Forestry Organization. The community’s increased control over forests will ensure that the UN Voluntary Positive impacts of sustainable forest management (SDG 15) will be followed.
Influence of social media in the Practice of Journalism in Bangladesh
Authors:   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia, Hossain Barek , Alam Raju Mohammad Kamrul ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia, Hossain Md. Nazmul ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russia, Fatima Mobassera Jahan ,   Ankara University, Turkey
Published: January 2023

In the rapidly changing global arena, technological advancement and the adaptation of changing patterns of technology the growing trend in all areas, including journalism. The increasing use of social media in journalism due to technological advancement has been remarkably noticeable worldwide, including in Bangladesh in recent years. With the delicate touch of social media, sourcing and disseminating information have been easier. Social media has been considered one of the blessings of journalism to disseminate and share news events and get immediate feedback from the audience. As Facebook is the most popular social media among journalists in Bangladesh, the study took Facebook as the central unit of the research. The research's main objective is to determine how journalists in Bangladesh use Facebook in their regular journalism practices. The study is a qualitative study based on quantitative data. In the regular journalism practice, the study inquiries different uses of Facebook by Journalists in Bangladesh based on survey data. It has been found that to disseminate reports published or broadcasted in different newspapers and TV channels; journalists mainly use the Facebook platform. The study revealed that the reports not published or broadcasted in mainstream media are getting space in social media. The study also discovered that to get immediate feedback from the audience, the journalists in Bangladesh considered Facebook one of the most powerful tools. Moreover, to develop sources and get clues for news, Facebook occasionally assists journalists significantly. Furthermore, a significant finding is that ethical practice is in danger when practicing journalism on Facebook. Based on the above findings, the study concluded that for journalists in Bangladesh, social media would be an effective alternative to sharing news and getting immediate feedback from the audience.
Magnetic Particles In Soils And Epiphytes In The Zone Of Influence Of A Ferrous Metallurgy Factory In The City Of Perm
Authors: Bobrova A. V. , Vasil’ev A. A.
Published: January 2023

The intensification of industrial production leads to an increase in the technogenic impact on the environment. Minerals containing iron are sensitive to many environmental processes and analysis of the composition of magnetic particles is relevant in the study of environmental pollution. This study focused on urban soils of near-trunk circles and epiphytic mosses on Populus nigra L. in the territory of Motovilikhinsky district of Perm, where a metallurgical plant is located. In this work, using electron probe microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy, we analyzed the magnetic susceptibility (MS), morphology, and chemical composition of magnetic particles isolated from urban soils and epiphytic mosses. The content of heavy metals in the studied soils exceeds the clarkes of chemical elements (CCE) in the upper continental crust: Cr - 286 times, Mn - 15 times, Fe - 11 times, Ti - 4 times, Mg - 4 times. The study of the chemical composition of epiphytes made it possible to assess the contribution of aerial sources to soil pollution. The concentrations of metals in the magnetic particles of epiphytes also exceed the Clarke values: Cr - 3257 times, Fe - 8 times, Ti - 7 times, Mg - 4 times. The similarity of the morphology and chemical composition of the magnetic particles of soils and epiphytes indicate common sources of pollution. A comprehensive assessment of the state of the territory may include magneto-geochemical monitoring of the soil cover and monitoring of the magnetic state of epiphytes on Populus nigra L.
Poetas con doctorado en literatura y escritura digital: hacia la caracterización del perfil en las generaciones de los 60, 70 y 80 en la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Saneleuterio Elia
Published: January 2023

El perfil de poeta con doctorado en literatura es una línea de investigación de la poesía contemporánea inaugurada con el presente estudio, que se centra en el análisis de una muestra de poetas valencianos nacidos a partir de los sesenta. Una vez discutido y acotado el corpus, se aplicó una metodología de corte cualitativo mediante un cuestionario virtual del que se recabaron 32 respuestas, sobre cuestiones como la relación entre las vocaciones poética y académica, las lenguas de influencia o la autopercepción. El análisis de resultados conduce a algunas conclusiones: los poetas doctores reconocen la lectura poética en varios idiomas, la preocupación social al escribir y la vinculación de la vocación, nacida en la adolescencia, a sus decisiones académicas. Algunas diferencias entre generaciones son la edad en la que se doctoraron y la más alta proporción de mujeres entre los más jóvenes, así como una cohesión intrageneracional todavía en formación. Los rasgos comunes justifican la creación de la etiqueta poeta.doc, que alude, truncadamente y al mismo tiempo, al doctorado y a la escritura con soporte electrónico: son los y las poetas que han inaugurado la informatización tanto en el ámbito académico como creativo.
Entre insultos y cumplidos: actos de habla expresivos en posteos de Facebook de adolescentes argentinos
Authors: Scoponi Pablo , Dambrosio Antonela G.
Published: January 2023

El trabajo aborda un aspecto de interés en las interacciones digitales de adolescentes argentinos en la red social Facebook: el de los actos de habla expresivos como principal recurso para la expresión de sentimientos y emociones, meta comunicativa que constituye el principal motor de las intervenciones de los adolescentes de nuestro estudio. Este artículo forma parte de un trabajo doctoral en el que se estudian las estrategias pragmáticas que los jóvenes utilizan en sus interacciones en el muro de Facebook para validar su identidad dentro del grupo de pares, considerando que estas les permiten no solo interactuar entre ellos, sino también mantener su membresía dentro del grupo.
Metal reactivity is present in dogs with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and total hip replacement implants
Authors: Filliquist Barbro , McKay Rachel , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Irvin Justine J. , Garcia Tanya C. , Vernau William , Chou Po-Yen , Kapatkin Amy S. , Vapniarsky Natalia
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

Determine whether dogs with well-functioning orthopedic metal implants can develop metal reactivity.

SAMPLE

Client-owned dogs that had tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) or total hip replacement (THR) implants for 12 months or more and control dogs with no implants.

PROCEDURES

Lymphocyte transformation testing was performed by exposing peripheral blood lymphocytes to nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), or a combination of these metals. Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed with flow cytometry. Lymphocyte stimulation indexes (SIs) were calculated. A SI > 2 was considered reactive. Median SIs of dogs in response to metal exposure were compared statistically.

RESULTS

Samples from 10 dogs with TPLO, 12 dogs with THR, and 7 control dogs were analyzed. Six dogs out of 22 with metal implants had a reactive SI to 1 or more metals, while 2 of 7 control dogs had a SI > 2 when exposed to nickel only. When all metals were considered, no differences in metal reactivity were found between TPLO, THR, and control groups.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Metal reactivity is present in dogs and can be identified using lymphocyte transformation testing. Reactivity to Ni is present in dogs with and without metal implants. Reactivity to Co and Cr occurs in some dogs with metal implants.
Multidose misoprostol pharmacokinetics and its effect on the fecal microbiome in healthy, adult horses
Authors: Pfeifle Rachel L. , Ericsson Aaron C. , McCoy Annette M. , Boothe Dawn M. , Wooldridge Anne A. , Groover Erin S. , Sierra-Rodriguez Tamara , Lascola Kara M.
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE

To compare the pharmacokinetics between repeated doses and to characterize changes in the fecal microbiome after oral and rectal multidose misoprostol administration.

ANIMALS

6 healthy university-owned geldings.

PROCEDURES

In a randomized, crossover study, misoprostol (5 μg/kg) was administered orally or rectally every 8 hours for 10 doses, or not administered (control), with a 21-day washout between treatments. Concentration-versus-time data for dose 1 and dose 10 were subject to noncompartmental analysis. For microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, manure was collected 7 days before study onset, immediately before dose 1, and 6 hours, 7 days, and 14 days after dose 10, with time-matched points in controls.

RESULTS

Repeated dosing-related differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were not detected for either administration route. The area under the concentration-versus-time curve was greater (P < .04) after oral versus rectal administration. The relative bioavailability of rectal administration was 4 to 86% of that of oral administration. Microbial composition, richness, and β-diversity differed among subjects (P < .001 all) while only composition differed between treatments (P ≤ .01). Richness was decreased 6 hours after dose 10 and at the control-matched time point (P = .0109) in all subjects. No other differences for time points, treatments, or their interactions were observed.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Differences in systemic exposure were associated with the route of administration but were not detected after repeated administration of misoprostol. Differences in microbiota parameters were primarily associated with interindividual variation and management rather than misoprostol administration.
ANALYSIS OF SHOCK PERSISTENCE IN BRAZILIAN ORANGE JUICE EXPORT
Authors: Silva Neto Waldemiro Alcantara da , Silva Adriana Ferreira , Ribeiro Viviane Pires
Published: January 2023

The present work aims to analyze the behavior of orange juice exports, in volume and monetary value, considering its main destinations, aiming to understand how these series behaved in the face of market shocks between 1997 and 2019. For that, the methodology used was based on the method proposed by Robinson et al. (1995a), which tests the presence of long memory across time series data, and on the structural break test proposed by Andrews and Ploberger (1994). According to the results, all analyzed series show no long memory. This result indicates that shocks that occurred in the period had a temporary effect on the flow of Brazilian orange juice exports, with no long-term effect on the trajectory of the series. These results allow us to conclude that the destinations analyzed here are solid markets for Brazilian orange juice export, and that short-term variations in export flows indicate a search for bargain prices among agents who purchase the Brazilian drink.
PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DAN GENEALOGI HUKUM DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Citrawan Harison
Published: January 2023

This article encapsulates the dialectics between law and science in the time of Covid-19 pandemic. It attempts to appraise the objectivity and normativity of the Health Protocol by rendering both legal and scientific characteristics. As a legal construct, the Protocol is genealogically justified from three discursive aspects of: its position between law and science, its reflection on matter and the materiality of law, and the immanent power within it. A close scrutiny towards the Protocol enables us to grasp legal objectivity and normativity not to be seen as a traditional one-way linear trajectory. In lieu, the force of law derives from plural-micro processes insisting a democratic process of knowledge in it.
HIPOKRISI PARLEMEN DALAM FORMULASI TINDAK PIDANA POLITIK UANG PADA PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH
Authors: Fathurokhman Ferry
Published: January 2023

This research reveals a hypothesis that there is vested interest on regulating law in the house of representative regarding Law No. 1/2015 article 73 in term of money politics which is conducted by regional head candidate and analyze legal efforts that can be done to cope such issue. Although the law has been revised for three times, lastly by Law No.6/2020, yet regulation record that the house of representative persists ‘to protect’ its interest on regional head election is traceable. This research shows an understanding to society and stakeholders especially in the field of general election regarding lawmaking which deviates from penal policy theory. This research focuses on how legislation design on formulating Article 73 of Law No.1/2015 so it becomes non-exectubale norm? Theory of Postmodern Criminology is utilized to divulge political agenda of Article 73 of Law No.1/2015. This research is a research regarding a norm which relies heavily on secondary data. The result of the research proves that there is a consistent effort from the parliament  ‘to secure’ legislation process so article 73 cannot be implemented. Parliament intentionally and systematically has made article 73, particularly that related to money politic which may lead to disqualification, hard to be enforced.
KRITERIA KRIMINALISASI: ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN MOELJATNO, SUDARTO, THEO DE ROOS, DAN IRIS HAENEN
Authors: Valerian Dion
Published: January 2023

In criminal law, “criminalization” is defined as a process of determining certain conduct as a criminal offense through legislation. This doctrinal legal research article describes and analyzes the criteria for criminalization as promulgated by Moeljatno, Sudarto, Theo de Roos, and Iris Haenen. Moeljatno’s criteria are: 1) the conduct is harmful to the public, 2) criminalization is the primary means to deter the harmful conduct, and 3) the government’s ability to effectively enforce the criminal provision. Sudarto promulgates three criteria: 1) harmfulness of the conduct, 2) cost and benefit analysis, and 3) law enforcement burden. Furthermore, Theo de Roos’ six criteria are: 1) feasibility and motivation of harm, 2) tolerance, 3) subsidiarity, 4) proportionality, 5) legality, and 6) practical applicability and effectiveness. Lastly, based on de Roos’ typology Iris Haenen formulates three criteria: 1) primary criteria, which contains “threshold principles”: the conduct must be a) harmful and b) wrongful, 2) secondary criteria, which contains “moderating principles”: proportionality, subsidiarity, and effectiveness, and 3) legality criterion (lex certa). The criteria for criminalization can be employed by the legislators and general public in scrutinizing the feasibility of criminalization of a conduct, to ensure that only the conducts which meet all the criteria that can be criminalized. Only by doing so will the practice of criminalization adhere to the ultimum remedium principle and deter unnecessary criminalization and overcriminalization.
مصارف الصدقات في كتاب الذخيرة للقرافي (ت 684 هـ / 1285 م)
Authors: Abdul Janabi Muhammad Ibrahim , Hussain Najm Abd Alwan
Published: January 2023

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين...وبعد:
فقد بدأ الإمام القرافي كلامه ببيان مشروعية مصارف الصدقات بقوله: وأعلم أن مصارف العشر والزكاة هو ما يتلى في كتاب الله عز وجل الذين تضمنتهم آية الصدقات في قوله تعالى ﭽ ﮠ  ﮡ  ﮢ   ﮣ  ﮤ  ﮥ  ﮦ  ﮧ  ﮨ   ﮩ  ﮪ  ﮫ  ﮬ  ﮭ  ﮮ  ﮯ  ﮰﮱ   ﯓ  ﯔ  ﯕﯖ  ﯗ  ﯘ    ﯙ  ﯚﭼ (التوبة: 60) ([i]).
وتضمن البحث مطلبين الأول مصارف الصدقات، والمطلب الثاني أصناف الزكاة، وقد تطرقنا الى آراء العلماء بصرف الزكاة إلى صنف أو اكثر. وبينا ما يشترط في العامل، من حيث الحرية فلا يستعمل عليها عبد. كذلك العدالة حيث تشمل شرط العدالة المكلف بجبايتها. وأن يكون مسلماً، هذا ما تضمنه البحث الحالي
تنقل العواصم الملكية في العراق القديم حتى سنة 539 قبل الميلاد
Authors: Othman Mahmood Faris
Published: January 2023

شكل ظهور الحياة المدنية في العراق القديم في بدايات الالفية الثالثة قبل الميلاد فاتحة حقبة جديدة في حضارة العراق القديم كانت لها سماتها الخاصة بها قياساً الى الفترة التي سبقتها ، وتركت تأثيراً كبيراً في سير التاريخ والحضارة فيه . اهمها    ظهور المدينة والخصائص المرتبطة بها بعد أن كان الانسان حديث عهد الحياة القرية البسيطة في كل معالمها .كما ترك هذا التحول تأثيراً كبيراً في حياة العراقيين القدماء عندما اصبح لبعض المدن دوراً كبيراً في الحياة السياسية والعامة في العراق القديم عندما اضحت تلك المدن مراكزاً للحكم ولإدارة شؤون البلاد ، لتمسي تلك المدن من اولى العواصم الملكية في تاريخ العالم القديم بشكل عام وتاريخ العراق القديم بشكل خاص ، متنقلاً هذا الدور من الجنوب الى الشمال وبالعكس .
    وكان اختيار مواقع العواصم الملكية سواء التي كانت مأهولة بالسكان حين الانتقال اليها او التي اسست كاملة ثم تم الانتقال اليها بعد ذلك خاضعاً لعدة اعتبارات منها اقتصادية ، كأن يكون موقع العاصمة في منطقة سهلية خصبة ، او لاعتبارات خدمية مثل اختيار موقع العاصمة على ضفة النهر السهلي عملية تزويدها بالمياه فضلاً عن سهولة التنقل منها واليها بوساطة وسائل النقل النهرية الرخيصة الكلفة، وقد تميزت حركة تنقل العواصم الملكية في العراق القديم بتنقلها من الجنوب الى الشمال متابعة في ذلك حركة تنقل مراكز الحكم في بلاد الرافدين التي أسست باديء ذي بدء في جنوب العراق ثم بدأت بوصلة اتجاهها بالتحرك نحو الشمال وبشكل تدريجي
علماء اذربيجان وصلاتهم الثقافية مع المشرق من الفتح الإسلامي وحتى القرن السابع الهجري
Authors: Juma Hafez Abdul Aziz
Published: January 2023

يندرج عنوان هذا البحث ضمن إطار التواصل الحضاري بين علماء أذربيجان والمشرق الاسلامي من الفتح الإسلامي لاذربيجان وحتى القرن السابع الهجري . كان لابد من إلقاء نظرة على تاريخ العلاقات الأذربيجانية ومدن المشرق العلمية والتي أثبتت أن الاذربيجانيين  كانوا يرتحلون لنشر علمهم في مدن المشرق ويأخذون من مدارسها أنواع العلوم  فقد كانت بلاد اذربيجان محط أنظار المشرق لوجود اكابر العلماء الذين تخرجوا منها ومن ثمة التطرق إلى دورهم في الحركة الفكرية من خلال التعرض إلى العلوم والفنون الوافدة معهم، ثم تتبع المؤلفات لهؤلاء الجهابذه والمؤلفات سواء مؤلفاتهم الشخصية أو مؤلفات غيرهم من أهل القوقاز و مدن المشرق و البحث في المؤثرات الثقافية الوافدة مع هؤلاء العلماء الداخلين بلاد اذربيجان.
موقف دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي من البرنامج النووي الايراني 1991-2016م (دراسة تاريخية).
Authors: Al-Jumaili Nagham Akram Abdullah
Published: January 2023

شهدت منطقة الشرق الاوسط سباقا للتسلح النووي بين دول عدة ، وكل دولة من هذه الدول بررت تطوير برامجها النووية بحسب اهدافها الخاصة وما تمر به من ظروف داخلية وخارجية ، فمثلا  ايران فقد بررت قيامها بتطوير برامجها النووية هو لأغراض سلمية وحاجتها للطاقة المتجددة في دعم اقتصادها ، فيما رات الولايات المتحدة الامريكية ودول مجلس التعاون الخليجي ان ايران تقوم ببرامج سرية لغرض الحصول على السلاح النووي كي يهيئ لها توازنا اقليميا ودوليا ، دفع كل ذلك دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي اتباع خطوات عدة للوقوف بوجه هذه البرامج النووية اولها استثمار تحالفها مع الولايات المتحدة ودفعها لملاحقة ايران في المحافل الدولية ومحاصرتها اقتصاديا لغرض ايقاف العمل بهذه البرامج ، وسعت الى دعم برامج نووية في دول اخرى لاسيما باكستان التي اطلقت على قنبلتها القنبلة الاسلامية لتحظى بالدعم الاسلامي في مواجهة البرنامج النووي الاسرائيلي – الهندي ، ومحاولة دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي تطوير برامج نووية ووضع خطط على المدى البعيد من اجل المحافظة على امنها بوجه التحديات التي تواجهها .
السلطان السلجوقي آلب أَرسلان ودورهُ الجهادي في معركة ملاذكرد (463 هـ / 1071 م)
Authors: Khalil Adnan Abdul Karim
Published: January 2023

تتبع البحث واحداً من أبرز السلاطين السلاجقة الكبار وهو (آلب أَرسلان) ، إذ بينا في هذه الدراسة مدى شجاعتهُ وتأصل الروح الجهادية في نفسهِ بعد التعرف على سيرتهُ الذاتية ، وكيف أن الألقاب أخذت طريقها إليه حتى من الخليفة العباسي القائم بأمر الله (422 – 467 هـ / 1031 – 1075 م) ، بعد أن استطاع توحيد السلاجقة تحت رايته في ظل الخلافة العباسية.
في الوقت نفسه تَطرقنا إلى تفاصيل المعركة الشهيرة ملاذكرد (463 هـ / 1071 م) التي انتصر فيها هذا السلطان بخبرته العسكرية وَحسّن تدبيره لسير هذه المعركة وظروفها على الجيش البيزنطي رغم الفارق الكبير في العدد والعدة، إذ شكلت المعركة تحولاً حاسماً في تاريخ المسلمين وكان لها الأثر الكبير في نشر الإسلام في بلاد الأناضول وإحداث تغيرات مهمة ،لاسيما على الخارطة السياسية في منطقة آسيا الصغرى وبلاد الشام خلال فترة الخلافة العباسية.
- موقف فلسفة سورين كيركجارد من المسيحية -
Authors: Younus Hiba abdulelah
Published: January 2023

كيركجارد مؤسس الفلسفة الوجودية المؤمنة المسالمة من خلفية مسيحية وممثل التيار الوجودي المسيحي كرس جهوده لتأسيس مسيحية كديانة إنسانية بالمعنى الفلسفي كان مفكرأ ذاتياً من نيتشه وفيلسوفاً من طراز باسكال وبالرغم من أنه لم يكن مصلحاً ديناً من طراز مارتن لوثر وجون كالفن وغيرهم من رجال الذين أرادوا أن يعيدوا إلى المسيحية بساطتها الأولى وأن يطهروها مما علق بها من شوائب إلا أن موقفه من  دين أبيه  ووقوعه أسيراً لفكرة أننا مخطئون وحديثه المتكرر حول موضوعات الخطيئة الندم والتكفير والغواية والمصير التي دارت عليها فلسفته  تركته فريسة سهلة لحيرة رائعة ألقت في نفسه الكآبة التي خيمت على حياته كالسحابة الجهمة  منذو مولده وحتى وفاته برغم عدم استسلامه لها وإخفائه لها تحت ستار من المرح والثرثرة والخفة  ومن هنا كان سؤاله  حول  حقيقة المفاهيم اللاهوتية المسيحية للمسيحي الحقيقي  ولا سيما إذا ما لوحظ أن المسيحية التي عرفها كيركجارد هي المسيحية الكئيبة المظلمة التي تركز باستمرار على العذاب والألم والمعاناة ومن هنا ساق نظريته في الإيمان بالقفزة أو التجربة الشخصية من منطلق أن الإيمان لا يلزمه دليلاً عقلياً لإقناع الآخرين بل ومن خلال التجربة الشخصية والانطلاق من الذات تحدث الاعتقادات دائماً ومن هنا يظهر ملمحاً هاماً في فكر كيركجارد وهو الملمح الشعبي الذي فظن له وساقه في سائر أعماله مفسراً ومبرراً لعقائد مسيحية بإسلوب وجودي .
Behavior of Multilayer Ferrocement Slab Containing Treated Sponge Layer Core
Authors: Resan Sa'ad Fahad , Alrubaie Murtada , Alkhazraji Hayder , Mohsen Enas Naser , Zaghair Fatima Salam , Hashem Karar Khudair
Published: January 2023

The current study investigates the structural performance of lightweight concrete panels produced using ferrocement (wire-meshed), hybrid (wire-meshed and steel fiber), and sponge-cementitious immersed layers. These panels presented a novel approach to producing a lightweight concrete panel to be used as an alternative to the traditional Jack-arch masonry slab system. The panels were made in dimensions of 600mm length(l), 200mm width (w), and 54mm thickness (h), using locally available sponge materials and super cementitious mortar incorporated with ferrocement layers. To determine the proper thickness of a sponge layer to be used in panel manufacturing, a material characterization was performed. The obtained results from the material characterization indicated a significant reduction in the density compared with the conventional Jack-arch slab system. The sponge core thickness positively affected the developmental compressive strength. For all sponge thickness modes, the density of developed sponging concrete was within the acceptance criteria of lightweight structural concrete. The average density of developing sponge concrete was 15.6 kN/m3, and the average absorption ratio was 14.78 %, while the density of cementitious mortar was 21.96 kN/m3. As for the structural performance of the resulting lightweight concrete panel, the panel with a hybrid layer (incorporating short steel fiber with steel wire mesh) 10mm layer was the best reinforcement method compared with reinforcing with the wire mesh (ferrocement) solely. Furthermore, the findings of this study depicted that the bending moment capacity of the developed lightweight concrete panel was higher than the conventional Jack-arch masonry usually used in traditional residential housing and lower density.
Materials of Land Management Expeditions as a Source for Studying the Population of Local Territories (on the Example of the Anabar District of Yakutia)
Authors: Filippova Viktoriia Viktorovna
Published: January 2023

The review of the materials of the Anabar-Olenek land management expedition of 1934 that have survived to the present time is given, which may be of interest as sources for studying the population of local territories in comparison with the censuses of 1926-1927 and 1939. An attempt is made to show the value of the source in the study of the population of local territories for the reconstruction of the settlement of indigenous people of the North before collectivization and transfer to a sedentary lifestyle. The study of the materials of the land management expedition was carried out using statistical, comparative-historical, retrospective and cartographic methods, methods of analysis and description. The author examines in detail the characteristics of the population and settlement of the Anabar district, describes in detail how the traditional settlement system was organized and the traditional land use associated with it. The author pays special attention to the form of economic organization of the population – belekh. It is established that the grouping of households in belek was a forced step of survival and joint management dictated by natural and economic conditions. The main conclusions of the study are the reconstruction of the settlement of the population of the area in 1934. A special contribution of the author in the study of the topic is the comparison of the data of the report of 1934 with the materials of the population censuses of 1926-1927 and 1939. The information contained in the reports of the Anabar-Olenek land management expedition fills in the gaps in the characteristics of the population of the Anabar district and is introduced into scientific circulation as a valuable source for studying the history of the population of the North.
Description of the Transbaikal and the Amur Region in 1681
Authors: Zuev A. S.
Published: January 2023

The article contains the text of the source, described the Eastern Transbaikalia and the Amur River. It was compiled in 1681 in Moscow by the regional administrative office Sibirsky Prikaz, based on the testimony of Siberian Cossacks. Compared to other previously published documentary and narrative sources, this description provides more detailed information about the above-mentioned specific region, including its natural resources, the location of Russian settlements; the number, living conditions and armament of the Russian population; land and river routes, habitats, lifestyle and the degree of loyalty of the local people toward the Russian authorities, about the relationship between Russians and “Chinese people”. The source is stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow) in the collection of documents from Sibirsky Prikaz.
Appeals of the Vicar Bishops of the Tomsk Diocese for Help to the Starving in 1922 (Vicariates of Biysk and Novonikolaevsk)
Authors: Petrov S. G.
Published: January 2023

Based on the local publication of episcopal appeals to the clergy and believers for help to the starving, the article considers the history of the campaign to confiscate church valuables in 1922 that rarely being in focus of research before. The mass famine of 1922 was a consequence of the severe drought and the social and economic experiments of the Bolsheviks. Under the guise of fighting hunger, a campaign was launched to confiscate church valuables. This campaign became a key moment in the relationship between the Soviet government and the Russian Orthodox Church. This paper publishes previously unknown copies of two appeals of the vicar bishops of the Tomsk diocese, addressed to the participation of the clergy and believers of the Biysk, Zmeinogorsk and Novonikolaevsk church districts in helping the starving in 1922. These appeals are stored in the State Archives of the Novosibirsk Region. The paper shows the historical outline underlay drawing up of appeals by vicar bishops. It analyzes the use of these sources in historiography, demonstrates examples of interpretations by researchers of the content of appeals. It establishes that the episcopal epistle was influenced by both hierarchical dependence on spiritual authority and anti-religious pressure of secular authorities. These sources are valuable in that they reflect the consolidated positions of the diocesan clergy and believers, their reaction to everything that was happening then in state-church relations. It is important to notice the features of the typographical set of the texts of these appeals since they were published in the form of leaflets in local printing houses. This article publishes the appeals taking into account modern scientific standards of editorial archaeography.
The Phenomenon of Imperial Patriotism in German Political Pamphlets of the 1670s – 1680s
Authors: Shelyshey S. S.
Published: January 2023

During the reign of Leopold I, the Holy Roman Empire faced serious foreign policy challenges: the wars of the Ottoman Empire and the wars of Louis XIV. Both threats were reflected in German journalism. German publicists came out in defense of the Empire, as a result, a huge number of works with pro-imperial motives appeared. Speaking from the standpoint of imperial patriotism, German publicists strove to create an image of a common danger that threatened not only the entire Empire, but every German. Imperial patriotism was manifested in three topical subjects of German political journalism of the last quarter of the 17th century: French politics, the struggle against the Ottoman Empire and uprisings in Hungary. All three plots were presented from the position of a threat to the existing order. An important component of the negative image of France was its desire to seize the imperial throne and destabilize the internal situation in the Empire. The successes in the struggle against Turkey were demonstrated as the successes of the Empire and the Emperor. The Hungarian uprisings were condemned as a betrayal of the emperor, and therefore of the Empire. The surge in imperial patriotism was beneficial to the imperial power, which used it to strengthen their authority within the Empire.
APLIKASI KOMPOS TITONIA DAN LIMBAH CAIR SABUT KELAPA MUDA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana) SECARA BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Saputri Widya , Sutriana Selvia
Published: January 2023

This research was conducted at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University, Pekanbaru during 5 months, starting from October 2019 to February 2020. The study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design by using two factors. The first factor was titonia compost (T), consisting of 4 levels, namely 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/plot and the second factor was young coconut coir liquid waste (S), consisting of 4 levels, namely 0, 100, 200, and 300 ml/plant so that 16 treatment combinations were obtained with 3 replications. Parameters observed were harvest age, plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, wet weight, and leaf weight. The data were analyzed using statistics and continued with the Honest Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at 5%. The results showed that the interaction of titania compost and young coconut coir wastewater affected harvest age, plant height, number of branches, wet weight, and dry weight with the best combination treatment of the application of titania compost was 1.5 kg/plot and the dose of young coconut coir wastewater was 200 ml/plant. The main effect of titania compost was significant on all observation parameters with the best treatment of titania compost at 1.5 kg/plot. The main effect of young coconut coir liquid waste was real on all observation parameters with the best treatment of 200 ml/plant.
PENGARUH KEDALAMAN MUKA AIR TANAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI SERTA MUTU FISIOLOGIS BENIH KEDELAI (Glycine max (L) Merril) YANG DIHASILKAN
Authors: Randika Prasetya  , Idwar  , Armaini
Published: January 2023

Soybean production in Indonesia has decreased year by year. This is caused by high rainfall potentially causing water-saturated land. This is due to heavy rain which can cause the water to become saturated. Implementation of drainage and groundwater depth control is expected to increase soybean productivity. The purpose of this study is to determine the best groundwater depth for growth, production and physiological quality of soybeans produced. The study was conducted at the Experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Riau from February to May 2019. The depth of the groundwater used was 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, and control treatment. The parameters observed were plant height and number of nodes, flowering age, age of harvest, number of seeds per plant, dry weight of seeds per plant, the weight of 100 seeds per plant, the suitable percentage for seed, standard germination test, and index value test. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance then continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. The results showed that a depth of 5 cm, which produces poor aeration, leads to unoptimal absorption of nutrients, thus plant height and number of nodes, number of seeds per plant, dry seed weight  per plant, 100 seed weight  per and the suitable percentage for seed decreased. In the treatment, a water level of 20 cm from the soil gave the best results in terms of seed growth, production and physiological quality  due to good ventilation, sufficient water availability and optimal absorption of nutrients.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI NUTRISI AB MIX DENGAN POC LIMBAH CAIR TAHU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SELADA (Lactuca sativa L.) SECARA HIDROPONIK
Authors: Arnis En Yulia  , Murniati  , Laila Manja
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of AB mix nutrition with POC tofu liquid waste on the growth and yield of lettuce plants and to get the combination of AB mix with POC tofu liquid waste for the best growth and yield of lettuce plants hydroponically. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Screening House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, from September to October 2019. The study used randomized block design (RBD), consisting of a comparison of nutritional treatments, namely: 100% AB mix + 0% POC tofu liquid waste, 75% AB mix + 25% POC tofu liquid waste, 50% AB mix + 50% POC tofu liquid waste, 25% AB mix + 7% POC tofu liquid waste, 100% POC of tofu liquid waste + 0 % AB mix and consisted of 4 replications. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, root length, fresh weight, root volume, and weight suitable for consumption. Data Anova which showed a significant effect continued with multiple Range Tests at Duncan's 5% level. The results showed that the of nutrition treatment 100% AB mix, combination 50% AB mix + 50% POC tofu liquid waste, and 25% AB mix + 75% POC tofu liquid waste were found similar results, but higher results of giving a combination of 75% AB mix + 25% POC of tofu liquid waste in the leaf number parameter was 11.12 strands, fresh weight was 66.40 g and the proper weight was 58.31 g.
PENGARUH BOKASHI AMPAS TEBU DAN NPK ORGANIK PADA TANAMAN KUBIS (Brassica oleraceae Var. capitata) SECARA BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Vira Pramita  , Selvia Sutriana
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of interaction and the main effect of sugarcane bagasse and organic NPK in a sustainable manner. The research was conducted at the Experimental farm of  the  Faculty  of  Agriculture,  Riau  Islamic University,  Pekanbaru during four months starting from October 2019 to January 2020. The design used in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of two factors (bagasse bokashi and organic NPK). The parameters observed were the number of leaves, the age at which the crop appeared, the age of harvest, the diameter of the crop, the fresh weight of the crop, and the fresh weight of the leaves. Data were analyzed statistically and the BNJ continued to test at the 5% level. The results of the research by interacting with bagasse and organic NPK significantly affected the parameters for the number of leaves, age of crop emergence, harvest age, and fresh weight of the crop. The best combination of bagasse bokashi at 270 g/plant and NPK Organic at 27 g/plant. The main effect of bagasse was significant on all parameters with the best treatment was a dose of 270 g/plant. The main effect of NPK organic was significant on all parameters with the best treatment was the dose of 27 g plant.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN BUAH SERTA KADAR GULA BUAH TANAMAN MATOA MERAH (Pometia pinnata Forst)
Authors: Maruli Tua  , Adiwirman  , Herman
Published: January 2023

Matoa fruit is one of the original Indonesian fruits from Papua. Matoa fruit is very popular for its delicious taste and unique fruit aromas such as durian and rambutan. many matoa plants can be found in Pekanbaru with age of 13, so it is necessary to conduct a research on the matoa fruit. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum weight of fresh fruit and total dissolved solids in red matoa based on the age of fruit collection. The study was conducted with a descriptive analysis. Thirteen year old red matoa plants were studied at Purwo Farm Gardens, Jalan Sri Kurnia, Palas, Agrowisata Village, Rumbai District, Riau. The study was conducted during 4 months from April to July 2020. The results showed the maximum fresh weight of red matoa fruits at the age of fruit collection of 56 days after pollination (DAP). Total dissolved solids (TDS) in red matoa fruit was 56 DAP.
PENGARUH JENIS MULSA DAN PUPUK KNO3 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Andri Rizki Sihombing  , Saripah Ulpah  , Raisa Baharuddin
Published: January 2023

In the Tomato cultivation in the lowlands, environmental factors such as temperature and humidity are things that need to be considered in order to increase the growth and production of tomatoes. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the environmental conditions with applying mulch, such as plastic mulch or organic mulch. In addition, increased production can be done by fertilizing potassium nitrate (KNO3) which is more practical to use because it has two nutrient contents, namely potassium and nitrogen. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction between mulch and potassium nitrate (KNO3) on the growth and production of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorials. The first factor was the type of mulch which consists of 4 levels of treatment, which are without mulch, black silver plastic mulch, rice straw mulch, reed mulch. The second factor was the concentration of potassium nitrate (KNO3) which consists of 4 levels of treatment, namely 0, 3, 6, 9 g / l. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, in order to obtain 48 experimental units. The results showed that the interaction effect of the type of mulch and potassium nitrate (KNO3) was significant on the parameters of plant height, harvest age, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, fruit weight per fruit, and number of residual fruits. The best treatment combination was the use of rice straw mulch and a concentration of 9 g/l KNO3 fertilizer.
UJI BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK TEPUNG DAUN BABADOTAN (Ageratum conyzoides L.) TERHADAP HAMA PENGGEREK TONGKOL JAGUNG (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) DI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Melisa Eka Nofrianti  , Desita Salbiah
Published: January 2023

The main pest that attacks the sweet corn plant is the sweet corn cobs mover (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. Pest control can be done by using botanical insecticide babadotan plants (Ageratum conyzoides L.). The aim of this research was to get a effective concentration of babadotan leaf flour extract against H. armigera larvae in the Laboratory. The research was conducted at the Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were given several concentrations of babadotan leaf flour extract 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1%. The parameters observed were changes in behavior and morphology, initial time of death (hours), Lethal time 50 (hours), daily mortality (%), total mortality (%), and Lethal concentration (%). Variance results were further tested with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a 5% level. The results showed that the concentration of 0.75% babadotan leaf flour extract was an effective concentration that could cause total mortality of H. armigera larvae at 82.50% with an initial time of death of 8.75 hours and a Lethal time of 50 of 42.75 hours after application. The proper concentration of babadotan leaf extract to kill 50% and 95% was 0.11% that is equivalent to 1.1 ml.1-1 of water and 3.29% that equivalent to 32.9 ml.l-1 of water.