bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reabilitação física em portadores de Legg-Calvé-Perthes após osteotomia de Salter – protocolo de orientação domiciliar
Authors: Matos Areolino Pena , Fagundes Felipe Ribeiro Cabral , Lamb Marianne , Pires-Oliveira Deise Aparecida de Almeida , Oliveira Rodrigo Franco de , Castelo Luciano De Arruda
Published: June 2013

Introdução: A cinesioterapia constitui método importante do tratamento da doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes. Objetivo: Desenvolver um protocolo fisioterapêutico de orientação domiciliar. Métodos: O protocolo é baseado em um manual de exercícios para ganho de ADM e para alongamento e fortalecimento muscular. A avaliação inclui goniometria, teste de força muscular e testes especiais (Thomas, Ely-Duncan, Ducroquet /I e II e Trendelenburg). Participaram onze meninos, entre 4 e 12 anos de idade, com DLCP tratados com osteotomia de Salter + tenotomia de adutores – acometimento unilateral. Resultados: Observou-se melhora clínica em todas as variáveis analisadas. Inicialmente, oito voluntários apresentaram grau grave; um paciente foi classificado com moderado; e dois foram considerados com leve. Na avaliação final, dez evoluíram para leve, e um dos dois com grau leve, no início, evolui para normal. Conclusão: A aplicação do protocolo domiciliar mostrou benefícios para a força muscular e a amplitude de movimento.
Atuação em equipes multiprofissionais de saúde: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Patrícia Andréia da , Silva Giulyanne Maria Lima da , Rodrigues José Damião , Moura Petrucio Venceslau de , Caminha Iraquitan De Oliveira , Ferreira Daniela Karina da Silva
Published: June 2013

Introdução: A atuação dos profissionais de saúde em equipe multiprofissionais tem-se destacado nos últimos anos na saúde pública no Brasil. Objetivo: Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a produção científica relacionada à atuação em equipes multiprofissionais de saúde nos últimos dez anos. Método: As buscas dos artigos foram realizadas na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde – BVS, que inclui a PubMed, SciELO, Bireme e Lilacs, e no Google Acadêmico. Resultado: Foram encontrados 462 artigos, dos quais, 241 apresentaram texto completo, sendo analisados seus resumos. Em seguida, 13 textos foram selecionados para análise final. Conclusão: Observou-se que nos artigos investigados o trabalho em equipe tem sido relatado como uma grande conquista para o atendimento em saúde pública mesmo com os desafios a serem vencidos pelo SUS e pelos profissionais que atuam na área.
Avaliação do autocuidado em portadores de diabetes na maturidade de uma Estratégia Saúde da Família de Teresina-PI*
Authors: Barbosa Celma De Oliveira , Matos Rafael Ribeiro , Sousa Roberto Willame Furtado de Matos
Published: June 2013

Introdução: Diabetes Mellitus é uma síndrome de etiologia múltipla com prevalência de 10,3% em idosos, que requer do portador ações de autocuidado. Objetivo: Avaliar o autocuidado de diabéticos na maturidade em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) de Teresina (PI). Método: Realizou-se estudo transversal com 55 diabéticos, de 60 a 85 anos, ambos os sexos, cadastrados no Programa de Hipertensão e Diabetes Mellitus de uma ESF. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário estruturado, e analisados pelo programa Epi Info. Resultados: Os idosos acompanhavam a taxa de glicemia de jejum (98,20%), procuravam o serviço de saúde (96,40%) e usavam hipoglicemiante oral (89,00%). Na dieta seguida por 78,20% dos participantes, havia carnes, frutas, arroz e feijão; contudo, 30,90% da amostra consumiam açúcares, guloseimas e refrigerantes, alimentos contraindicados para o diabético. Conclusão: Os idosos diabéticos apresentavam uma adesão significativa ao autocuidado, aparentando preocupação nas medidas de controle e nas estratégias alimentares.
Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Determination of Spirotetramat and Spirotetramat cis enol in Various Vegetables and Soil
Authors: Singh Balwinder , Mandal Kousik , Sahoo Sanjay K , Bhardwaj Urvashi , Battu Raminderjit Singh
Published: June 2013

An easy and simple analytical method was standardized and validated for the estimation of residues of spirotetramat and its metabolite spirotetramat cis enol in various substrates: okra fruits, brinjal leaves and fruits, green chili, red chili, and soil. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, diluted with brine solution, partitioned into dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and cleaned up by treatment with activated charcoal powder. Final clear extracts were concentrated under vacuum and reconstituted with HPLC grade acetonitrile. Residues were estimated using HPLC with a photodiode array detector and a C18 column, and confirmed by HPTLC. Acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase at 0.4 mL/min. Both spirotetramat and spirotetramat cis enol presented distinct peak at retention times of 8.518 and 7.598 min, respectively. Consistent recoveries ranging from 82 to 97% for spirotetramat and spirotetramat cis enol were observed when samples were spiked at 1.00 to 0.03 mg/kg levels. The LOQ of the method was found to be 0.03 mg/kg. The analytical method was validated in terms of parameters, including selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy.
Determination of Residues of Seven Carbamate Pesticides in Milk Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry and QuEChERS Methods
Authors: Liu Shao-Ying , Jin Quan , Huang Xi-Hui , Zhu Guo-Nian
Published: June 2013

An improved analytical method was developed for simultaneous quantification of seven carbamates in milk by ultra-performance LC combined with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Samples were extracted and purified using a modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method. The LOQs ranged from 0.033 to 0.23 μg/kg; reasonable recoveries (85.4 to 110.9%) of the seven carbamates in milk were demonstrated at different spike levels. The developed analytical method would be appropriate for the routine, high throughput, high sensitivity quantification of the seven carbamates using modified QuEChERS pretreatment.
Modification of AOAC Official MethodSM 998.12 to Add Filtration and/or Centrifugation: Interlaboratory Comparison Exercise
Authors: Rogers Karyne M , Cook Jo Marie , Krueger Dana , Beckmann Klaus
Published: June 2013

An international ring test was undertaken in 2012 among 10 international honey testing laboratories to examine the effects of filtration and/or centrifugation addition to AOAC 998.12 method (C4 sugar detection in honey). During protein extraction, when using the repetitive washing method, any insoluble material (i.e., pollen, dust) is coextracted along with protein which may result in contamination of the protein isotope value and result in a false-positive test. A modification step involving filtration and/or centrifugation to remove insoluble material before protein flocculation was proposed. Results were compared across 10 laboratories internationally and were found to be an excellent assessment of interlaboratory variability with the standard variances between laboratories better than ±0.2‰ for honey and ±0.3‰ for protein.
Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula: First Action 2012.16
Authors: Andrieux Pierre , Fontannaz Patric , Kilinc Tamara , Giménez Esther Campos , Jaudzems Greg , Dowell Dawn
Published: June 2013

The Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals met during the AOAC Annual Meeting held September 30 to October 3, 2012 in Las Vegas, NV, to review data submitted for a method, pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula by ultra-performance LC (UPLC)-MS/MS. The method uses a simple sample preparation with chromatographic analysis by UPLC-MS/MS with positive electrospray ionization.
MicroSEQ®Listeria spp. Detection Kit
Authors: Petrauskene Olga , Cao Yan , Zoder Patrick , Wong Lily Y , Balachandran Priya , Furtado Manohar , Tebbs Robert S
Published: June 2013

The Applied Biosystems Performance Tested MethodSM for detecting Listeria species in food and environmental samples was compared to the Health Canada reference method (MFHPB-30) for the analysis of five ready-to-eat (RTE) meats (deli turkey, hot dogs, liver paté, deli ham, and raw fermented sausage) and a stainless steel surface. The MicroSEQ method includes the MicroSEQ®Listeria spp. Detection Kit and the option of two different sample preparation kits, either the automated high-throughput PrepSEQ™ Nucleic Acid Extraction Kit or the manual low- to mid-throughput PrepSEQ™ Rapid Spin Sample Preparation Kit. For each sample matrix, 20 replicates were analyzed at two inoculum levels: for RTE meats a low-level inoculum at 0.2–2 CFU/25 g and a high-level inoculum at 2–5 CFU/25 g; and for environmental surfaces, a low-level inoculum at 0.2–2 CFU/5 cm2 sampling area and a high-level inoculum at 2–5 CFU/5 cm2 sampling area. Five control replicates were also analyzed at 0 CFU/25 g (uninoculated) for food or 0 CFU/5 cm2 sampling area for environmental surface. Both sample preparation methods returned identical results. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of positive samples detected by the MicroSEQ Listeria species method and the MFHPB-30 reference method for three RTE meats and for the one stainless steel environmental surface tested. For deli turkey, there was a statistically significant difference in the number of positive results detected by the MicroSEQ method and the Health Canada MFHPB-30 reference method for the low inoculation level, with the MicroSEQ method detecting more positives. For hot dogs, statistical equivalence was not applicable since hot dogs were spiked with 10x Listeria innocua as competitive background, and the MicroSEQ method detects all known Listeria. Because the MicroSEQ method uses real-time PCR to detect pathogens, it provides faster time-to-results with equivalent detection compared to culture methods. The MicroSEQ method detects Listeria species within 2 to 3 h following 24 to 28 h enrichment compared to culture methods that take at least 5 days for presumptive positive results.
MicroSEQ®Listeria monocytogenes Detection Kit
Authors: Tebbs Robert S , Cao Yan , Balachandran Priya , Wong Lily Y , Petrauskene Olga
Published: June 2013

The Applied Biosystems Performance Tested MethodSM for detecting Listeria monocytogenes in food and environmental samples was compared to the Health Canada reference method (MFHPB-30) for the analysis of five ready-to-eat (RTE) meats (deli turkey, hot dogs, liver paté, deli ham, and raw fermented sausage) and a stainless steel environmental surface. The MicroSEQ® method includes the MicroSEQListeria monocytogenes Detection Kit and the option of two different sample preparation kits, either the automated high-throughput PrepSEQ™ Nucleic Acid Extraction Kit or the manual low- to mid-throughput PrepSEQ Rapid Spin Sample Preparation Kit. For each sample matrix, 20 replicates were analyzed at two inoculum levels: for RTE meats, a low-level inoculum at 0.2–2 CFU/25 g and a high-level inoculum at 2–5 CFU/25 g; and for environmental surfaces, a low-level inoculum at 0.2–2 CFU/5 cm2 sampling area and a high-level inoculum at 2–5 CFU/5 cm2 sampling area. Five control replicates were also analyzed at 0 CFU/25 g (uninoculated) for food or 0 CFU/5 cm2 sampling area for environmental surface. Both sample preparation methods returned identical results. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of positive samples detected by the MicroSEQ Listeria monocytogenes method and the MFHPB-30 reference method for four of the five RTE meats and the one stainless steel surface tested. For deli turkey, there was a statistically significant difference in the number of positive results detected by the MicroSEQ method and the Health Canada MFHPB-30 reference method for the low inoculation level, with the MicroSEQ method detecting more positives. Because the MicroSEQ method uses real-time PCR to detect pathogens, it provides faster time-to-results compared to culture methods while at the same time demonstrating equivalent detection. The MicroSEQ method detects L. monocytogenes within 2 to 3 h following 24 to 28 h enrichment compared to culture methods that take at least 5 days for presumptive positive results.
RGB-D, Laser and Thermal Sensor Fusion for People following in a Mobile Robot
Authors: Susperregi Loreto , Martínez-Otzeta Jose Maria , Ansuategui Ander , Ibarguren Aitor , Sierra Basilio
Published: June 2013

Detecting and tracking people is a key capability for robots that operate in populated environments. In this paper, we used a multiple sensor fusion approach that combines three kinds of sensors in order to detect people using RGB-D vision, lasers and a thermal sensor mounted on a mobile platform. The Kinect sensor offers a rich data set at a significantly low cost, however, there are some limitations to its use in a mobile platform, mainly that the Kinect algorithms for people detection rely on images captured by a static camera. To cope with these limitations, this work is based on the combination of the Kinect and a Hokuyo laser and a thermopile array sensor. A real-time particle filter system merges the information provided by the sensors and calculates the position of the target, using probabilistic leg and thermal patterns, image features and optical flow to this end. Experimental results carried out with a mobile platform in a Science museum have shown that the combination of different sensory cues increases the reliability of the people following system.
CPGs with Continuous Adjustment of Phase Difference for Locomotion Control
Authors: Wu Xingming , Teng Long , Chen Weihai , Ren Guanjiao , Jin Yan , Li gwei
Published: June 2013

The central pattern generator (CPG) has been found to be a real, existing neuron controller for the locomotion control of animals and it has been used on bio-inspired robots widely in recent years. However, research on the adaptability of CPG-based locomotion control methods is still a challenge. In particular, the performance of the CPG method on quadruped robots is not good enough in some situations compared with the traditional force control methods.

In this article, we adopt a CPG method in which phase difference between oscillators can be arbitrarily adjusted, and we try to improve the CPG's applications in quadruped robots in some aspects. One aspect is static walk gait locomotion, in which we try to add a transition state in the CPG network to enhance the static balance of the robot. Another aspect is gait transition. Compared with the traditional abrupt gait transition, we try to realize a continuous gait transition between walk gait and trot gait to decrease the fluctuations of the robot. The improved CPG method is tested on a quadruped model and it shows positive results with regard to the improvement of static walk gait and gait transitions.
Hand Motion-Based Remote Control Interface with Vibrotactile Feedback for Home Robots
Authors: Wu Juan , Qiao Guifang , Zhang Jun , Zhang Ying , Song Guangming
Published: June 2013

This paper presents the design and implementation of a hand-held interface system for the locomotion control of home robots. A handheld controller is proposed to implement hand motion recognition and hand motion-based robot control. The handheld controller can provide a ‘connect-and-play’ service for the users to control the home robot with visual and vibrotactile feedback. Six natural hand gestures are defined for navigating the home robots. A three-axis accelerometer is used to detect the hand motions of the user. The recorded acceleration data are analysed and classified to corresponding control commands according to their characteristic curves. A vibration motor is used to provide vibrotactile feedback to the user when an improper operation is performed. The performances of the proposed hand motion-based interface and the traditional keyboard and mouse interface have been compared in robot navigation experiments. The experimental results of home robot navigation show that the success rate of the handheld controller is 13.33% higher than the PC based controller. The precision of the handheld controller is 15.4% more than that of the PC and the execution time is 24.7% less than the PC based controller. This means that the proposed hand motion-based interface is more efficient and flexible.
Ultrahigh-Voltage SiC PiN Diodes with an Improved Junction Termination Extension Structure and Enhanced Carrier Lifetime
Authors: Kaji Naoki , Niwa Hiroki , Suda Jun , Kimoto Tsunenobu
Published: June 2013

Ultrahigh-voltage SiC PiN diodes with an improved junction termination extension (JTE) structure and improved forward characteristics are presented in this paper. An improved space-modulated JTE (SM-JTE) structure was designed by device simulation, and a breakdown voltage of over 17 kV was obtained in a wider range of JTE dose with the improved SM-JTE. In addition, a lifetime enhancement process (thermal oxidation) was performed to improve the forward characteristics. The on-resistance of the SiC PiN diodes with the lifetime enhancement process was reduced to 13 mΩ cm2 at 150 °C compared with that of the SiC PiN diodes with the conventional process (32 mΩ cm2).
Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Measurement of H(n=2) Density in Mesoplasma for Fast-Rate Silicon Epitaxy
Authors: Wu Sudong , Inoue Hisato , Kambara Makoto , Yoshida Toyonobu
Published: June 2013

The absolute density of the first excited state atomic hydrogen H(n=2) in an Ar/H2 mixture is measured in-situ by cavity ring-down spectroscopy under mesoplasma condition. The H(n=2) atom density is determined to be in the range of 1010–1011 cm-3 and the formation of H(n=2) having such high density is identified to be predominantly due to the associative charge exchange/dissociative recombination reactions, similar to dc-arc plasma expanding into a low-pressure vessel that have been previously reported. The local H(n=2) atom density is found to have a linear variation with deposition rate, which indicates that high H(n=2) atom density have a direct role in the reduction of SiHCl3 to Si.
P-Type Doping of Graphene Films by Hybridization with Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Su Il , Song Wooseok , Kim Yooseok , Song Inkyung , Jung Dae Sung , Jung Min Wook , Cha Myoung-Jun , Park Sang Eun , An Ki-Seok , Park Chong-Yun
Published: June 2013

Here, we demonstrate the decoration of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) on graphene films by simple annealing for p-type doping of graphene. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that high-density, uniformly sized Ni NPs were formed on the graphene films. The density of the Ni NPs increased gradually, whereas the size of the Ni NPs decreased with increasing NiCl2·6H2O solution concentration. The formation of Ni NPs on graphene films was explained by heat-driven dechlorination and subsequent nano-particlization, as investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The doping effect of Ni NPs onto graphene films was verified by Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements. This method may provide a facile and universal way to obtain metal NPs on graphene if the metal forms a compound with Cl.
Allele‐specific expression of the serotonin transporter and its transcription factors following lamotrigine treatment in vitro
Authors: D'Souza Ursula M. , Powell‐Smith Georgia , Haddley Kate , Powell Timothy R. , Bubb Vivien J. , Price Tom , McGuffin Peter , Quinn John P. , Farmer Anne E.
Published: June 2013

Lamotrigine, a mood stabilizer used clinically in the treatment of bipolar disorder, is thought to exert actions on the serotonin system. However lamotrigine's exact mechanism of action remains unclear. The current study investigated whether lamotrigine might exert its effects through altering the expression of the serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) gene and its regulatory transcription factors Y box binding protein 1 (YB‐1) and CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF). We further considered whether functional variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in the promoter region of 5‐HTT, (5‐HTTLPR) and within intron 2 (Stin2) of the gene, moderated any putative gene expression changes. The study employed an in vitro design carried out in human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) to investigate the effects of lamotrigine treatment at 0.04, 0.2, and 0.4 mM doses for 24 hr on the mRNA expression of 5‐HTT, YB‐1, and CTCF. LCLs were selected based on combinations of haplotypes of the two VNTRs in the serotonin transporter gene; creating low‐expressing and high‐expressing LCL groups. Ubiquitin C (UBC) and topoisomerase I (TOP1) genes were found to be the most stably expressed housekeeping genes in drug‐treated LCLs. Subsequently, quantitative PCR revealed that higher doses of lamotrigine significantly lowered 5‐HTT expression and increased CTCF expression. Haplotype‐specific differences in CTCF expression were found in response to lamotrigine, with strongest expression changes observed in the high‐expressing LCLs. These data provide an allele‐specific in vitro model for examining the molecular targets of lamotrigine, and support the important role of the serotonin transporter gene in its clinical mechanism of action. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The behavioral context of visual displays in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: de Boer Raïssa A. , Overduin‐de Vries Anne M. , Louwerse Annet L. , Sterck Elisabeth H.M.
Published: June 2013

Communication is important in social species, and may occur with the use of visual, olfactory or auditory signals. However, visual communication may be hampered in species that are arboreal have elaborate facial coloring and live in small groups. The common marmoset fits these criteria and may have limited visual communication. Nonetheless, some (contradictive) propositions concerning visual displays in the common marmoset have been made, yet quantitative data are lacking. The aim of this study was to assign a behavioral context to different visual displays using pre–post‐event‐analyses. Focal observations were conducted on 16 captive adult and sub‐adult marmosets in three different family groups. Based on behavioral elements with an unambiguous meaning, four different behavioral contexts were distinguished: aggression, fear, affiliation, and play behavior. Visual displays concerned behavior that included facial expressions, body postures, and pilo‐erection of the fur. Visual displays related to aggression, fear, and play/affiliation were consistent with the literature. We propose that the visual display “pilo‐erection tip of tail” is related to fear. Individuals receiving these fear signals showed a higher rate of affiliative behavior. This study indicates that several visual displays may provide cues or signals of particular social contexts. Since the three displays of fear elicited an affiliative response, they may communicate a request of anxiety reduction or signal an external referent. Concluding, common marmosets, despite being arboreal and living in small groups, use several visual displays to communicate with conspecifics and their facial coloration may not hamper, but actually promote the visibility of visual displays. Am. J. Primatol. 75:1084–1095, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. American Journal of Primatology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Manual laterality and strategy use for a coordinated bimanual task requiring precise and power grip in guenons and mangabeys
Authors: Maille Audrey , Rossard Arnaud , Blois‐Heulin Catherine
Published: June 2013

Bimanual tasks have been repeatedly shown to elicit manual asymmetries supposed to reflect hemispheric specialization. And yet, a coordinated bimanual task, the BOX task, appears to be inefficient in detecting biases of hand preferences. The BOX task involves two sequential actions requiring a precise grip, lift the lid of a box and grasp a small item inside the box (while holding the lid). In the present study, we compared manual laterality exhibited for the classic bimanual BOX task and for a unimanual BOX task in 11 De Brazza's monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus) and 19 red‐capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus). In addition, we assessed strategy use for solving the bimanual BOX task. We found that left‐hand use for grasping the item was higher in the BOX‐bimanual task than in the BOX‐unimanual task. We propose that this increase in left‐hand use for grasping the item results from both a hemispheric specialization for lifting the lid and an advantage in using a skillful strategy. Indeed, we revealed (1) group‐level right biases for lifting the lid and (2) a complete differentiation between the roles of the two hands in subjects showing a left‐hand preference for grasping the item. Finally, the bimanual BOX task showed age differences in the two species, either in manual laterality for grasping the item or in strategy use. This study provides additional evidence that manual laterality might be sensitive to maturational factors and characteristics of the bimanual tasks such as the order and the features of sequential actions. Am. J. Primatol. 75:1096–1107, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical investigation of pressurization performance in cryogenic tank of new‐style launch vehicle
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Yanzhong , Zhao Zhixiang , Zheng Jiang
Published: June 2013

The pressurization performance of cryogenic tanks during discharge is investigated by a computational fluid dynamic approach. A series of cases accounting for the effects of various influence factors such as inlet gas temperature, ramp time of inlet gas temperature, wall thickness, outflow rate, injector structure, and liquid supercooling on pressurization behaviors are computed and analyzed successively. Several valuable conclusions have been drawn as follows: (1) Increasing inlet gas temperature, applying a thin wall to construct the tank, and increasing the outflow rate are beneficial to the reduction of gas requirements, (2) Ramp process and use of a straight pipe injector may lead to an excessive pressure drop at the beginning of discharge, (3) Use of straight pipe injector can remarkably reduce the gas requirement but lead to a large loss of liquid propellant as well as a large weight of final ullage gas, and (4) The mode of mass transfer within the tank is close related to the injector structure and liquid supercooling. A trend of mass transfer toward evaporation can be observed by increasing the liquid temperature, especially for the straight pipe injector case. Generally, the results of this paper might be beneficial to the design and optimization of a pressurization system. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation of chemical composition and microstructure with properties of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone‐co‐p‐dioxanone) random copolymers
Authors: Wang Tianqiang , Zhao Huizhen , Liu Yu , Hao Jianyuan
Published: June 2013

With the aim to develop novel biodegradable materials with good flexibility and fast degradation rate, random copolymers of ɛ‐caprolactone (CL) and p‐dioxanone (PDO) with a full range of compositions were synthesized in bulk using stannous octoate as the ring‐opening catalyst. The chemical composition and number average sequence lengths of CL and PDO units determined by 1H‐NMR were used to correlate with various properties of the copolymers. Although both CL and PDO are crystalline components, only one crystalline phase could be present for each copolymer. The low limit of average block length for the copolymers that could crystallize is 3.22 for LCL and 3.43 for LPDO, respectively. The crystallinity and crystalline morphology of the copolymers are dependent on the crystalline component as well as its number average sequence length. Irrespective of composition, all the copolymers have good solubility in chloroform with glass transition temperature much below room temperature, implying good flexibility of the materials. The incorporation of PDO component could significantly increase the water wettability of the copolymer surfaces and thereby accelerate the degradation rate of the materials. In conclusion, flexible biodegradable polymers with adjustable degradation and crystalline properties were acquired by random copolymerization of CL and PDO, which are expected to use in tissue engineering and drug delivery fields. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2978–2986, 2013
Fluorene‐based copolymers with donor–acceptor units on the side chain and main chain: Synthesis and application in polymer solar cells
Authors: Hou Qiong , Liu Jungen , Jia Tao , Luo Suilian , Shi Guang
Published: June 2013

Two narrow band gap fluorene‐based copolymers with donor–acceptor (D–A) structure on the polymer side chain and/or main chain are synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed Stille coupling reactions. The two copolymers have excellent thermal stability. The effects of D–A structure on the main and side chains on the absorption and electrochemical properties are studied. The copolymer PF‐BTh‐DBT with D–A structure both on the main and side chains has broader and stronger absorption and narrower band gap than the copolymer PF‐BTh with only a pendent D–A structure. The power conversion efficiency of the assembled solar cell using PF‐BTh‐DBT as donor and PC71BM as acceptor is 1.6% with open‐circuit voltage (Voc) 0.84 V under simulated AM 1.5 G solar irradiation (100 mW/cm2). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3276–3281, 2013
Multi‐Component Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly: Construction of Alkyl‐Based Structures and Molecular Modelling
Authors: Pollock J. Bryant , Cook Timothy R. , Schneider Gregory L. , Stang Peter J.
Published: June 2013

The design of supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) is typically predicated on the use of rigid molecular building blocks through which the structural outcome is determined based on the number and orientation of labile coordination sites on metal acceptors, and the angularity of the ligand donors that are to bridge these nodes. Three‐component systems extend the complexity of self‐assembly by utilizing two different Lewis base donors in concert with a metal that favors a heteroligated coordination environment. The thermodynamic preference for heteroligation provides a new design principle to the formation of SCCs, wherein multicomponent architectures need not employ only rigid donors. Herein, we exploit the self‐selection processes of bis(phosphine) PtII metal centers which favor mixed Pt(pyridyl)(carboxylate) coordination spheres over their homoligated counterparts, specifically using alkyl‐based dicarboxylate ligands instead of traditionally rigid phenyl, alkenyl, or ethynyl variants. Using this mode of assembly, flexible‐based 2D and 3D SCCs containing long alkyl chains were synthesized and characterized. Density functional theory (DFT) and natural population analysis (NPA) calculations were performed on model systems to probe the thermodynamic preference for heteroligated coordination spheres in the experimental systems.
Optimal platform strategies in the smartphone market
Authors: Unno Masaru , Xu Hua
Published: June 2013

In a smartphone market, smartphone makers encourage smartphone application providers (APs) to create more popular smartphone applications by making a revenue‐sharing contract with APs and providing application‐purchasing support to end users. In this paper, we study revenue‐sharing and application‐purchasing support problem between a risk‐averse smartphone maker and a smartphone application provider. The problem is formulated as the smartphone makers’ risk‐sensitive stochastic control problem. The sufficient conditions for the existence of the optimal revenue‐sharing strategy, the optimal application‐purchasing support strategy, and the incentive compatible effort recommended to APs are obtained. The effects of the smartphone makers’ risk‐sensitivity on the optimal strategies are also discussed. A numerical example is solved to show the computation aspects of the problem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(7): 1–10, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11462
Effective removal of maxilon red grl from aqueous solutions by walnut shell: Nonlinear kinetic and equilibrium models
Authors: Deniz Fatih
Published: June 2013

The feasibility of walnut shell as a waste biomaterial for removing Maxilon Red GRL (MR GRL) dye from aqueous solutions was investigated in this work. The biosorption was studied as a function of pH, ionic strength, biosorbent dosage, particle size, temperature, initial dye concentration, and contact time. Nonlinear kinetic equations including the pseudo‐first order, pseudo‐second order, and Logistic were applied to the experimental data for describing the biosorption kinetics. The Logistic model showed the best correlation with the experimental data. Besides, intraparticle diffusion was not the sole rate‐controlling factor. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Hill, and Dubinin‐Radushkevich nonlinear isotherms were fitted to the equilibrium data, and the Hill model presented the best fit. Thus, this research highlights the potential of walnut shell as an effective biosorbent for the removal of MR GRL from aqueous media. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 396–401, 2014
Incurable recurrences in patients with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Wiegand Susanne , Zimmermann Annette P. , Müller Hans‐Helge , Werner Jochen A. , Sesterhenn Andreas M.
Published: June 2013

Background

Carcinomas of the oropharyngeal and hypopharynx are difficult to treat because of their aggressive tendency to metastasize and their high recurrence rate.

Methods

A retrospective review of 79 patients with recurrences of oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinomas was performed. The courses of disease from recurrence diagnosis to the valuation date or death were analyzed.

Results

The median survival for patients classified as incurable at recurrence diagnosis amounted to 8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5–10 months), patients initially classified as curable at the time of recurrence diagnosis survived an estimated 12 months (95% CI, 8–22 months). No significant differences regarding the survival after diagnosed recurrence could be observed depending on the tumor location or tumor stage.

Conclusion

The knowledge about the courses of disease and especially the remaining lifetime after diagnosed incurability could facilitate the planning of the remaining lifetime in order to achieve the best possible quality of life. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 231–234, 2014
Cellulase production and saccharification of rice straw by the mutant strain Hypocrea koningii RSC1
Authors: Palaniyandi Sasikumar Arunachalam , Yang Seung Hwan , Suh Joo‐Won
Published: June 2013

The production of cellulase using solid‐state fermentation of rice straw by the mutant strain Hypocrea koningii RSC1 was studied. Optimization of culture conditions, such as the nitrogen source, pH, and temperature, resulted in a maximum filter paper cellulase activity of 44.15 U g−1 substrate, a carboxymethylcellulase activity of 324.6 U g−1 substrate, and a β‐glucosidase activity of 7.45 U g−1 substrate. Saccharification of untreated, 1% H2SO4‐treated, and 2.5% NaOH‐treated rice straw using the RSC1 cellulase resulted in 19, 17, and 34 g L−1 of reducing sugar, respectively. Further studies on the morphological and compositional changes of rice straw upon treatment with the cellulase by scanning electron microscopy analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the disruption of the arrangement of fibers and changes in the functional groups that occur in cellulose. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed a reduction in crystallinity of the rice straw upon treatment with the cellulase. Our study shows that H. koningii RSC1 could be a good choice for the production of cellulase and reducing sugars from rice straw.
Anticancer activity of essential oils: a review
Authors: Bhalla Yashika , Gupta Vinay Kumar , Jaitak Vikas
Published: June 2013

Natural essential oil constituents play an important role in cancer prevention and treatment. Essential oil constituents from aromatic herbs and dietary plants include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and phenolics among others. Various mechanisms such antioxidant, antimutagenic and antiproliferative, enhancement of immune function and surveillance, enzyme induction and enhancing detoxification, modulation of multidrug resistance and synergistic mechanism of volatile constituents are responsible for their chemopreventive properties. This review covers the most recent literature to summarize structural categories and molecular anticancer mechanisms of constituents from aromatic herbs and dietary plants. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Volumetric trends associated with MRI‐guided laser‐induced thermal therapy (LITT) for intracranial tumors
Authors: Patel Nitesh V. , Jethwa Pinakin R. , Barrese James C. , Hargreaves Eric L. , Danish Shabbar F.
Published: June 2013

Background

MR‐guided Laser Induced Thermal Therapy (LITT) is a procedure for intracranial tumors. Minimal data exists regarding post‐procedure lesion volume changes.

Objectives

We aim to analyze changes in lesion volume during the post‐LITT period using polygonal tracing with fusion. Additionally, we investigated the role of lesion histopathology on LITT parameters and volume dynamics.

Methods

Sixteen patients with intracranial neoplasms received LITT. Using OsiriX DICOM Viewer, three raters computed lesion volumes at the following: pre‐ablation (PreA), immediate post‐ablation (IPA), 24 hours post‐ablation (24PA), and first follow‐up post‐ablation (FPA), which ranged from 4 to 11 weeks post‐ablation. Statistical analyses for volume changes between time points and inter‐rater reliability were performed. Additionally, comparisons were made between metastatic versus non‐metastatic and small versus large lesions in terms of operative parameters and volume changes.

Results

There was an acute increase in volume at IPA with a decrease in size by 24PA. ANOVA among inter‐rater datasets showed no significant difference at any time point (highest F(1,15) = 0.225, P > 0.80, for IPA). GLM repeated measures, for Intra‐Rater analysis, demonstrated statistically significant differences across time points (lowest F(1,15) = 13.297, P = 0.003). IPA volumes were larger than those at PreA, 24PA, and FPA (average volume increase [95% CI]: 281% [157–404%], 167% [134–201%], 187% [154–219%], respectively; all P < 0.004). Correlation analysis showed lower inter‐rater reliability at IPA versus other time points (all P < 0.03). Larger lesions (>2.5 cm3) versus smaller (<2.5 cm3) did not demonstrate a difference in percent volume increase. Operative parameters and volume dynamics were not different between metastatic and non‐metastatic groups.

Conclusions

The response of intracranial lesions to LITT demonstrates a peak in volume at the IPA time point with decreased IPA inter‐rater reliability. We recommend that conclusions about intracranial lesion size post‐LITT be made at least 24 hours post‐LITT rather than immediately after LITT. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:362–369, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of differential tumor targeting using cis‐3,4‐di(acetoxymethoxycarbonyl)‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1‐pyrrolidinyloxyl
Authors: Redler Gage , Barth Eugene D. , Bauer Kenneth S. , Kao Joseph P.Y. , Rosen Gerald M. , Halpern Howard J.
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy promises quantitative images of important physiologic markers of animal tumors and normal tissues, such as pO2, pH, and thiol redox status. These parameters of tissue function are conveniently reported by tailored nitroxides. For defining tumor physiology, it is vital that nitroxides are selectively localized in tumors relative to normal tissue. Furthermore, these paramagnetic species should be specifically taken up by cells of the tumor, thereby reporting on both the site of tumor formation and the physiological status of the tissue. This study investigates the tumor localization of the novel nitroxide, cis‐3,4‐di(acetoxymethoxycarbonyl)‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1‐pyrrolidin‐yloxyl 3 relative to the corresponding di‐acid 4.

Methods

We obtained images of nitroxide 3 infused intravenously into C3H mice bearing 0.5‐cm3 FSa fibrosarcoma on the leg, and compared these with images of similar tumors infused with nitroxide 4.

Results

The ratio of spectral intensity from within the tumor‐bearing region to that of normal tissue was higher in the mice injected with 3 relative to 4.

Conclusion

This establishes the possibility of tumor imaging with a nitroxide with intracellular distribution and provides the basis for EPR images of animal models to investigate the relationship between crucial aspects of tumor microenvironment and malignancy and its response to therapy. Magn Reson Med 71:1650–1656, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ZTE imaging in humans
Authors: Weiger Markus , Brunner David O. , Dietrich Benjamin E. , Müller Colin F. , Pruessmann Klaas P.
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Zero echo time (ZTE) imaging is a robust and silent 3D radial technique suitable for direct MRI of tissues with very rapid transverse relaxation. Given its successful application on micro‐ and animal MRI systems, the purpose of this work is to enable and demonstrate ZTE imaging in humans using a whole‐body magnet.

Methods

A commercial 7 T MRI scanner was complemented by rapid high‐power transmit‐receive switches, a custom‐built spectrometer, and a proton‐free detector coil. With this setup, transmit‐receive switching is achieved within 1 µs, radiofrequency (RF) excitation is performed in 3 µs, and digital bandpass filtering takes 5.3 µs, resulting in an effective dead time of only 5 µs.

Results

ZTE imaging was performed at 250 and 500 kHz bandwidth with central k‐space gaps of 1.2 and 2.5 Nyquist intervals and repetition times of 739 and 471 µs. The technique was applied for silent 3D imaging of the head and joints of human volunteers at an isotropic resolution down to 0.83 mm. A sound pressure level of 41 dB(A) was measured, which is a reduction of more than 40 dB(A) compared to gradient‐switched MRI.

Conclusion

ZTE imaging in humans was demonstrated for the first time, enabled by dedicated, high‐performing RF hardware. Magn Reson Med 70:328–332, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro extracellular matrix model to evaluate stroma cell response to transvaginal mesh
Authors: Wu Ming‐Ping , Huang Kuan‐Hui , Long Cheng‐Yu , Yang Chau‐Chen , Tong Yat‐Ching
Published: June 2013

Aims

The use of surgical mesh for female pelvic floor reconstruction has increased in recent years. However, there is paucity of information about the biological responses of host stroma cells to different meshes. This study was aimed to establish an in vitro experimental model to study the micro‐environment of extracellular matrix (ECM) with embedded mesh and the stroma cell behaviors to different synthetic meshes.

Methods

Matrigel multi‐cellular co‐culture system with embedded mesh was used to evaluate the interaction of stroma cells and synthetic mesh in a simulated ECM environment. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and NIH3T3 fibroblasts were inoculated in the system. The established multi‐cellular Matrigel co‐culture system was used to detect stroma cell recruitment and tube formation ability for different synthetic meshes.

Results

HUVEC and NIH3T3 cells were recruited into the mesh interstices and organized into tube‐like structures in type I mesh material from Perigee, Marlex and Prolift 24 hr after cell inoculation. On the contrary, there was little recruitment of HUVEC and NIH3T3 cells into the type III mesh of intra‐vaginal sling (IVS).

Conclusions

The Matrigel multi‐cellular co‐culture system with embedded mesh offers a useful in vitro model to study the biological behaviors of stroma cells in response to different types of synthetic meshes. The system can help to select ideal mesh candidates before actual implantation into the human body. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:449–454, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poverty to Vulnerability in Indian Rural States: An Asset‐Based Approach
Authors: Dutta Swati
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study is to bring a new area of poverty measurement based on households' access to basic assets from across Indian States. In India, discussion on poverty is largely focused on the income/consumption expenditure–based measures. The major drawback of the income‐based measure of poverty is that it is unable to distinguish between the structural and stochastic nature of poverty. This article applies the asset‐based framework to poverty to find out the relation between structural and stochastic poverty. Further, the article incorporates the vulnerability measures of poverty to determine expected poverty, which allows decomposing expected poverty into expected structural chronic poverty, expected structural transient poverty, and expected stochastic transient poverty. The article has used the Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2005. A three‐step feasible least square technique is applied to estimate the expected income and variance of income. We found that at the all‐India level, 12 percent of households are structural chronic poor, 26 percent of households are structural transient poor, 27 percent of households are stochastic transient poor, and the remaining 35 percent of households are stable non‐poor. At the State level, it is seen that Orissa experienced the highest structural chronic poverty, followed by Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in 2005. Additionally, it was found that structural transient poverty is highest in Madhya Pradesh, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Assam, and Bihar. Additionally, in Madhya Pradesh, followed by West Bengal, stochastic transient poverty is rather high. The results of the analysis suggested that India needs more directed policies to reduce poverty. Our results indicate the importance of asset formation for long‐term poverty reduction. There is a need for targeting policies towards the structural chronic poor, and structural transient poor, who need support in terms of institutional and infrastructural development, whereas stochastic transient poor households need social security or an unemployment scheme to smooth their standard of living.
Enhanced rear‐side reflection and firing‐stable surface passivation of silicon solar cells with capping polymer films
Authors: Bullock James , Thomson Andrew , Cuevas Andrés , Veith Boris , Schmidt Jan , Karkkainen Ari
Published: June 2013

Low refractive index polymer materials have been investigated with a view to form the back surface mirror of advanced silicon solar cells. SiOx:H or AlOy SiOx:H polymer films were spun on top of an ultra‐thin (<10 nm) atomic‐layer‐deposited (ALD) Al2O3 layer, itself deposited on low‐resistivity (1 Ω cm) p‐type crystalline silicon wafers. These double‐layer stacks were compared to both ALD Al2O3 single layers and ALD Al2O3/plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposited (PECVD) SiNx stacks, in terms of surface passivation, firing stability and rear‐side reflection. Very low surface recombination velocity (SRV) values approaching 3 cm/s were achieved with ALD Al2O3 layers in the 4–8 nm range. Whilst the surface passivation of the single ALD Al2O3 layer is maintained after a standard firing step typical of screen printing metallisation, a harsher firing regime revealed an enhanced thermal stability of the ALD Al2O3/SiOx:H and ALD Al2O3/AlOy SiOx:H stacks. Using simple two‐dimensional optical modelling of rear‐side reflection it is shown that the low refractive index exhibited by SiOx:H and AlOy SiOx:H results in superior optical performance as compared to PECVD SiNx, with gains in photogenerated current of ∼0.125 mA/cm2 at a capping thickness of 100 nm. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)