bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmission of negative brand-relevant content on social media
Authors: Powell Ashleigh , Stavros Constantino , Dobele Angela
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Understanding how to predict and manage the spread of negative brand-relevant content is of critical concern to marketers. This paper aims to contribute to this understanding by building on existing anti-branding, brand hate and word-of-mouth literature to explore the factors that lead individuals to engage in the transmission of negative brand-relevant information via social media.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-phase exploratory design was used. The first stage involved an analysis of negative transmission via comments left on news and brand posts. The second phase of the research involved a series of 13 depth interviews with frequent social media users about their negative brand-relevant transmission behavior to add richness and depth to the findings from the passive observation in the first phase of the research.

Findings

The first phase of the research demonstrated that negative transmission can be both brand-related (e.g. driven by-product or service failure or corporate irresponsibility) and consumer-related (e.g. driven by self or social motives). The second phase of the research clarified that negative transmission often occurs in the absence of brand hate, particularly when it can be used as a covert method of self-enhancement for the transmitter via downward social comparisons.

Originality/value

Negative transmission as a form of anti-branding that is more strongly self-related (as opposed to brand) is established, progressing understanding and applications of contemporary media channels. Implications, including how brand-generated controversy and consumer reinforcement can be used to manage negative transmission, are offered.
Servicing through digital interactions andwell-being in virtual communities
Authors: Chou Cindy Yunhsin , Leo Wei Wei Cheryl , Chen Tom
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Applying social exchange theory as the theoretical basis, this paper aims to examine the impacts of two forms of digital social interaction on social well-being and helping behavior of customers: moderator–customer interaction quality and customer–customer social support. Furthermore, this paper investigates customer exchange ideology as a moderator of these impacts.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopted a purposive sampling method for survey materials sent to customers of firm-hosted virtual communities (FHVCs) using a consumer panel service company. The self-administered survey was developed from existing scales, and 265 usable responses were obtained.

Findings

Both forms of digital social interaction within FHVCs positively impact social well-being, which in turn positively influences helping behavior in the community. Social well-being is decomposed into social integration and social contribution, and each partially mediates the impact of customer–customer social support and moderator–customer interaction quality on helping behavior. This finding provides greater explanatory power for the role that digital social interactions have in predicting customer helping behavior in an FHVC. In addition, an exchange ideology positively moderates the impact of customer–customer social support on helping behavior via social integration.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates that resource exchange dynamics occur digitally within FHVCs, which then affect social well-being and helping behaviors in customers. From a practical point of view, this study indicates the potential that digital interactions have in generating social and economic value through helping behaviors.
Training transfer to the workplace: a study of corporate English language training in hospitals
Authors: Ha Huong , Vanaphuti Vanvela
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine factors that affect the effectiveness of transfer of English language training to the workplace. It investigates the effect of trainee characteristics, training design and work climate on the training transfer to job performance in hospitals in Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

The quantitative method was adopted in this study. The conceptual framework was developed from Lim and Morris’ three-factor model, namely, trainee characteristics, training design and work climate. A total of 378 valid responses from staff of seven hospitals in Thailand were collected from surveys.

Findings

The findings suggest that training transfer depends more on trainees’ psychological state (affective response and self-efficacy) than extrinsic factors. Nearly every aspect of training design could affect training transfer, except trainer effectiveness. This could be related to the particular context of training and the trainees’ prior experience. Work climate factors had the strongest overall effect, with peer and supervisor feedback, compensation and incentives and transfer opportunities being significant.

Originality/value

This study proposes that training design and work climate-related factors deserve more attention than what they have received previously. This study is significant because of the limited empirical evidence for English training transfer outcomes, and the under-examined role of English as a lingua franca in the business world. The findings can help organisations refine training designs and adjust the work environment to improve training outcomes.
Quantitative or Qualitative Forward Guidance: Does it Matter?*
Authors: Detmers Gunda‐Alexandra , Karagedikli Ozer , Moessner Richhild
Published: August 2021

Every monetary policy decision by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) is accompanied by a written statement about the state of the economy and the policy outlook, but only every second decision by a published interest rate forecast. We exploit this difference to study the relative influences of qualitative and quantitative forward guidance. We find that announcements that include an interest rate forecast and announcements that only include written statements lead to very similar market reactions across the yield curve. Our results imply that central bank communication is important, but that the exact form of that communication is less critical.
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs)/circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs) and their subtypes in small cell lung cancer: Predictors for response and prognosis
Authors: Zhu Hao‐Hua , Liu Yu‐Tao , Feng Yu , Zhang Li‐Na , Zhang Tong‐Mei , Dong Gui‐Lan , Xing Pu‐Yuan , Wang Hong‐Yu , Shi Yuan‐Kai , Hu Xing‐Sheng
Published: August 2021

Background

The aim of the study was to define the clinical significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)/circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs) and their subtypes in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients.

Methods

CTCs/CTECs and their subtypes were determined using SE‐iFISH technology in 33 SCLC patients before initial treatment (B1), after two cycles of chemotherapy (B2), at the completion of chemotherapy (B3), and disease progression (B4). The correlations with clinical characteristics, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.

Results

CTCs and CTECs were detected in 96.6% and 65.5% of patients, respectively. Patients had higher levels of CTCs compared with CTECs in circulation (p < 0.05). Extensive‐stage SCLC patients tended to have higher CTEC counts (p = 0.035), and the detection of CTC‐white blood cell (CTC‐WBC) clusters was associated with a worse response to treatment (p = 0.030). Patients with CTC‐WBC clusters at B1 (17.3 vs. 22.6 months, p = 0.041) and B2 (19.9 vs. 25.2 months, p = 0.018) had significantly shorter OS than those with no detection. Additionally, their presence was revealed as independent predictors for a worse OS in multivariable analyses (B1: HR 9.3, 95% CI: 1.4–48, p = 0.0079; B2: HR 4.4, 95% CI: 1.1–18, p = 0.041). A high CTC level at B4 was an adverse prognostic factor for SCLC patients (PFS: 8.7 vs. 22.5 months, p = 0.0026; OS: 19 months vs. not reached, p = 0.0086). CTC clusters and CTECs also showed prognostic values.

Conclusions

The presence of CTC‐WBC clusters at baseline and after two‐cycle chemotherapy and the total CTC counts at the completion of chemotherapy are strong predictors for the prognostic survival of SCLC patients receiving first‐line treatment.
All the President's Justices? The Impact of Presidential Copartisanship on Supreme Court Job Approval
Authors: Bartels Brandon L. , Kramon Eric
Published: August 2021

Supreme Court job approval is sensibly connected to its decisions, particularly salient ones. We fill a gap in the literature by theorizing—via a presidential appointment mechanism—how partisan alignment with the incumbent president (presidential copartisanship) influences Supreme Court job approval. Analysis of data from 1986 to 2019 (supplemented by longer‐term confidence data) shows that a president's copartisans are significantly more approving of the Court than outpartisans. Analysis of the American Panel Survey surrounding high‐salience events during the transition from Obama to Trump shows that Republicans, who significantly increase in Court approval following Trump's election victory, are anticipatory of Trump's prospects of changing the Court. Democrats, whose approval significantly declines only after Justice Gorsuch's confirmation, are not anticipatory but reactive to the president's confirmed appointee. Our findings generate new evidence of how the president structures public opinion toward the Court, which has important implications for judicial independence and legitimacy.
Poorer first aid after burn is associated with remoteness in Australia: Where to from here?
Authors: Gong Jennifer , Tracy Lincoln M. , Edgar Dale W. , Wood Fiona M. , Singer Yvonne , Gabbe Belinda J.
Published: August 2021

Objective

Early intervention with appropriate first aid following burn injury improves clinical outcomes. Previous evidence suggests geographic remoteness may be a barrier to receiving appropriate burns first aid. This study investigated the prevalence of gold standard first aid in patients managed in Australian burn services and whether geographic remoteness was associated with receiving gold standard first aid.

Design

Registry‐based cohort study.

Setting

Binational clinical quality registry.

Participants

Burn‐injured patients admitted to a specialist Australian burn service.

Main outcome measures

Receiving gold standard first aid following a burn injury.

Results

Approximately two‐thirds of patients received gold standard first aid. Patients whose burns were sustained in very remote regions had a greater risk of receiving no first aid, compared to gold standard first aid, relative to patients who sustained their burn injuries in major cities.

Conclusions

Nearly two‐thirds of patients received gold standard burns first aid following injury. However, patients who were injured in the most remote regions of Australia were at an increased risk of not receiving gold standard first aid treatment within 3 hours of injury. Further examination of factors contributing to poorer first aid standards in remote areas is required.
Effects of employing primary care doctors in hospital to improve the quality of care and health outcomes of rural patients: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Sutarsa I Nyoman , Kasim Rosny , Slimings Claudia , Bain‐Donohue Suzanne , Barnard Amanda
Published: August 2021

Objective

To describe effects of employing primary care doctors in hospital care and their roles in improving the quality of care and health outcomes of rural and remote patients.

Design

A systematic scoping review.

Setting

Peer‐reviewed publications were sourced from 3 online journal databases (PUBMED, SCOPUS and Web of Science).

Participants

All study designs from peer‐reviewed journals that discussed effects of employing primary care doctors in hospital care Interventions: employing primary care doctors in hospital care.

Main outcome measures

Positive and negative consequences of employing primary care doctors in hospital care, and the roles of primary care doctors in improving the quality of care and health outcomes.

Results

A total of 12 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Positive outcomes included improved access to specialised treatment, improved continuity of care, reduced waiting list and admission rates, improved skills, competence and confidence of primary care doctors, and increased satisfaction from both health providers and patients/families. Negative consequences reported included increased prescriptions and poorly documented history and physical examinations.

Conclusion

Employing primary care doctors in hospital care can fill the gaps in the delivery of acute care, emergency medicine and maternity care. Primary care doctors bring advanced clinical skills and a patient‐centred approach to the hospital care. They also improve the quality of referrals leading to freed‐up clinical capacity of tertiary hospitals to treat more serious conditions. The provision of acute or emergency care and secondary care in rural and remote areas should be directed towards patient‐oriented not provider‐oriented policies.
Toward an Anthropology of “Sustainable Network‐Society”
Authors: Singh Prashant Kumar
Published: August 2021

What is new in the literature of the social sciences and humanities has been the proliferation of the word “network” to describe contemporary society. Society nowadays is being referred to as a network of relations. Although these descriptions, especially in anthropology, try to reconfigure the modernist distinction between subjects and objects, most of them share the postmodernist aversion to granting any grand narrative or ideal to the network society. The aim of this paper is to give an anthropological perspective on contemporary network theories and to add a new quality of verticality in the architecture of network societies. The paper argues that any worldview that tries to define the contours of society and individuals living in it must provide for a higher ideal or a grand narrative to enable its inhabitants their gradual evolution and progression. The sustainability of any ideology or worldview, this paper argues, comes from this fact of ensuring a continuous and gradual movement to higher dimensions of life.
Editorial: 5‐ASA in IBD patients on biologics—‘stop or continue’?
Authors: Veyrard Pauline , Nancey Stéphane , Roblin Xavier
Published: August 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Bernstein et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16518 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16554
Editorial: aspirin and NSAID for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma—ready for their use?
Authors: Da Fonseca Leonardo Gomes , Forner Alejandro
Published: August 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Tan et al and Danta et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16515 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16568
Letter: the diagnostic and prognostic significance of liver histology in alcoholic hepatitis—authors' reply
Authors: Forrest Ewan , Goldin Robert
Published: August 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Forrest et al and Vaz et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16157 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16539
Sibling conflict during COVID‐19 in families with special educational needs and disabilities
Authors: Toseeb Umar
Published: August 2021

Young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SENDs) and their families have been particularly hard hit by the COVID‐19 pandemic. In this longitudinal study, sibling conflict in these families during and after the first lockdown in the United Kingdom was investigated. Online questionnaires were completed by 504 parents of young people with SENDs at four time points between 23 March 2020 and 10 October 2020 (over half completed the questionnaire at multiple time points). As lockdown progressed, young people with SENDs were more likely to be picked on or hurt by their siblings compared with earlier stages of the lockdown but there was no change in how frequently they harmed or picked on their siblings. After lockdown, both perpetration and victimization decreased but not to the same rates as the first month of lockdown. Young people with SENDs with severe or complex needs were somewhat protected from sibling conflict. Findings are discussed with reference to implications for support and planning for future pandemics.
Pulmonary manifestations of Erdheim–Chester disease: clinical characteristics, outcomes and comparison with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Wang Ji‐nuo , Wang Feng‐dan , Sun Jian , Liang Zhi‐yong , Li Jian , Zhou Dao‐bin , Tian Xinlun , Cao Xin‐xin
Published: August 2021

Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare form of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis that typically affects many organs, including the lung and pleura. However, there are few studies concerning pulmonary involvement in ECD patients, as well as the difference of pulmonary involvement between ECD and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). We performed a retrospective study of 54 ECD patients, and compared the pulmonary manifestations with those of adult LCH patients in our centre. The median age of diagnosis of the 54 ECD patients was 48 years (range 9–66 years). Chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed lung involvement in 49 (91%) patients and pleural involvement in 34 (63%). Thirty‐three (61%) patients had interstitial lung disease (ILD) with varying degrees of interlobular septal thickening, micronodules, and ground‐glass opacities. ECD and LCH patients with pulmonary involvement showed significant differences in smoking status (P < 0·001), respiratory symptoms (P = 0·001) such as cough and pneumothorax (P < 0·001), and radiological findings, including cysts (P < 0·001), opacities (P < 0·001), and pleural thickening (P < 0·001). With a median follow‐up duration of 24 months (range, 1–84 months), the estimated three‐year overall survival (OS) of this entire ECD cohort was 90·2%. Patients with ILD tended to have worse progression‐free survival (PFS) than those with no ILD (P = 0·29).
Structural and binding studies of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 with NU6140 inhibitor
Authors: Talapati Sumalatha Rani , Goyal Megha , Nataraj Vijayashankar , Pothuganti Manoj , R Sreevidya M. , Gore Suraj , Ramachandra Murali , Antony Thomas , More Sunil S. , Rao Narasimha K.
Published: August 2021

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is an established target protein for therapeutic intervention in various diseases, including cancer. Reported inhibitors of CDK2 target the ATP‐binding pocket to inhibit the kinase activity. Many small molecule CDK2 inhibitors have been discovered, and their crystal structure with CDK2 or CDK2–cyclin A complex has been published. NU6140 is a CDK2 inhibitor with moderate potency and selectivity. Herein, we report the cocrystal structure determination of NU6140 in complex with CDK2 and confirmation of the binding using various biophysical methods. Our data show that NU6140 binds to CDK2 with a Kd of 800 nM as determined by SPR and stabilizes the protein against thermal denaturation (ΔTm—5°C). The cocrystal structure determined in our study shows that NU6140 binds in the ATP‐binding pocket as expected for this class of compounds and interacts with Leu83 and Glu81 with regular hydrogen bonds and with Asp145 via water‐mediated H‐bond. Based on these data, we propose structural modifications of NU6140 to introduce new interactions with CDK2 that can improve its potency while retaining the selectivity.
A Benchmark Dataset for Repetitive Pattern Recognition on Textured 3D Surfaces
Authors: Lengauer Stefan , Sipiran Ivan , Preiner Reinhold , Schreck Tobias , Bustos Benjamin
Published: August 2021

In digital archaeology, a large research area is concerned with the computer‐aided analysis of 3D captured ancient pottery objects. A key aspect thereby is the analysis of motifs and patterns that were painted on these objects' surfaces. In particular, the automatic identification and segmentation of repetitive patterns is an important task serving different applications such as documentation, analysis and retrieval. Such patterns typically contain distinctive geometric features and often appear in repetitive ornaments or friezes, thus exhibiting a significant amount of symmetry and structure. At the same time, they can occur at varying sizes, orientations and irregular placements, posing a particular challenge for the detection of similarities. A key prerequisite to develop and evaluate new detection approaches for such repetitive patterns is the availability of an expressive dataset of 3D models, defining ground truth sets of similar patterns occurring on their surfaces. Unfortunately, such a dataset has not been available so far for this particular problem. We present an annotated dataset of 82 different 3D models of painted ancient Peruvian vessels, exhibiting different levels of repetitiveness in their surface patterns. To serve the evaluation of detection techniques of similar patterns, our dataset was labeled by archaeologists who identified clearly definable pattern classes. Those given, we manually annotated their respective occurrences on the mesh surfaces. Along with the data, we introduce an evaluation benchmark that can rank different recognition techniques for repetitive patterns based on the mean average precision of correctly segmented 3D mesh faces. An evaluation of different incremental sampling‐based detection approaches, as well as a domain specific technique, demonstrates the applicability of our benchmark. With this benchmark we especially want to address the geometry processing community, and expect it will induce novel approaches for pattern analysis based on geometric reasoning like 2D shape and symmetry analysis. This can enable novel research approaches in the Digital Humanities and related fields, based on digitized 3D Cultural Heritage artifacts. Alongside the source code for our evaluation scripts we provide our annotation tools for the public to extend the benchmark and further increase its variety.
Blending of hyperbolic closed curves
Authors: Ikemakhen A. , Ahanchaou T.
Published: August 2021

In recent years, game developers are interested in developing games in the hyperbolic space. Shape blending is one of the fundamental techniques to produce animation and videos games. This paper presents two algorithms for blending between two closed curves in the hyperbolic plane in a manner that guarantees that the intermediate curves are closed. We deal with hyperbolic discrete curves on Poincaré disc which is a famous model of the hyperbolic plane. We use the linear interpolation approach of the geometric invariants of hyperbolic polygons namely hyperbolic side lengths, exterior angles and geodesic discrete curvature. We formulate the closing condition of a hyperbolic polygon in terms of its geodesic side lengths and exterior angles. This is to be able to generate closed intermediate curves. Finally, some experimental results are given to illustrate that the proposed methods generate aesthetic blending of closed hyperbolic curves.
Simpler Quad Layouts using Relaxed Singularities
Authors: Lyon M. , Campen M. , Kobbelt L.
Published: August 2021

A common approach to automatic quad layout generation on surfaces is to, in a first stage, decide on the positioning of irregular layout vertices, followed by finding sensible layout edges connecting these vertices and partitioning the surface into quadrilateral patches in a second stage. While this two‐step approach reduces the problem's complexity, this separation also limits the result quality. In the worst case, the set of layout vertices fixed in the first stage without consideration of the second may not even permit a valid quad layout. We propose an algorithm for the creation of quad layouts in which the initial layout vertices can be adjusted in the second stage. Whenever beneficial for layout quality or even validity, these vertices may be moved within a prescribed radius or even be removed. Our algorithm is based on a robust quantization strategy, turning a continuous T‐mesh structure into a discrete layout. We show the effectiveness of our algorithm on a variety of inputs.
‘It’s like we’re locked in a box’: Girls’ and mothers’ experiences of the police and legal system following child sexual abuse
Authors: Butterby Kate , Hackett Simon
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on girls’ and mothers’ experiences of police and criminal justice system responses and the impact of investigation processes following reporting of child sexual abuse. Participants spoke of a lack of timely therapeutic provision and the subsequent role of female caregivers in providing support. Problems with criminal justice processes and the subsequent impact on families’ wider lives were also discussed. Findings suggest that criminal justice processes need to be better attuned to these micro level impacts and should show more sensitivity to the overall experience of children in the aftermath of sexual abuse. Implications for practice are discussed.
Effect of customized healing abutments on the peri‐implant linear and volumetric tissue changes at maxillary immediate implant sites: A 1‐year prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fernandes Danilo , Nunes Sílvia , López‐Castro Gonzalo , Marques Tiago , Montero Javier , Borges Tiago
Published: August 2021

Background

Immediate implant placement (IIP) associated with the use of bone substitutes and collagen matrices (CM) seems to reduce the amount of resorption at peri‐implant areas. Recently, customized healing abutments (CA) appeared as another solution in order to seal the socket and preserve the original soft tissue contour.

Purpose

To evaluate peri‐implant tissues dimensional changes after using customized healing abutments compared with the use of xenogeneic collagen matrices as socket sealing options in flapless maxillary immediate implant placement.

Material and methods

The present study was designed as a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Patients were allocated into two groups depending on the socket sealing option: in the CM group a collagen matrix was used and in the CA group a customized abutment. Digital impressions were taken prior to extraction, 1, 4, and 12 months after implant insertion and the digital files allowed to evaluate linear buccal changes (MBC) and the buccal volumetric variation (BVv) between the different time points at peri‐implant tissue areas. Additionally, mucosa variation was computed assessing the papilla presence and the midfacial mucosa height. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients were observed during a 12‐month period. Significant differences between mean values of BVv at the first month were observed at the CM and CA group (−9.75 ± 6.65% and −4.76 ± 5.29%, respectively) (p = 0.043). At the 1‐year follow‐up, no significant differences were found in terms of BVv between the two groups, although the thin bone phenotype (≤1 mm) significantly influenced the volumetric variations that occurred in each group. No significant differences were noticed in midfacial mucosa and papillae alteration between groups, after 1 year of treatment.

Conclusion

Both treatment options are predictable solutions for socket sealing in IIP, although a higher volumetric variation can be expected in the presence of thin bone phenotypes.
City of Living‐Death: Urban Precarity and Social Transformation in an Egyptian Cemetery
Authors: Ghazali Marwa
Published: August 2021

In Cairo, tombs provide shelter to generations of displaced Egyptians who invest energy and resources toward transforming cemeteries into societies. Drawing on ethnographic research carried out with informal tomb residents between 2008–2013, this article explores entanglements of life and death through three women’s case studies. Through an examination of what residents call “living‐death,” I show how experiences of precarity make dying an integral part of living. Although scholars have discussed communities of “living dead,” my research in a cemetery illustrates this concept in an almost literal way, and demonstrates that women’s bodies, homes, livelihoods, and relationships are embedded in processes of death, dying, and decay. My analysis shows that negotiations and contestations over various linkages between life and death—including health, heritage, and housing—are central to experiences of precarity. I engage the nuanced ways these tensions play out and highlight the creative strategies women have cultivated to survive in a space of death.
Tilted versus axial implant distribution in the posterior edentulous maxilla: A CBCT analysis
Authors: Hamilton Adam , Jamjoom Faris Z. , Alnasser Muhsen , Starr Jacqueline R. , Friedland Bernard , Gallucci German O.
Published: August 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to determine whether distally angulating an implant is a successful strategy to avoid the maxillary sinus and the need for bone augmentation, while increasing the anterior‐posterior (A‐P) implant distribution in the edentulous maxilla.

Materials and Methods

In 115 patients with edentulous maxillae, virtual implant planning was performed utilizing cone‐beam computer tomographs. Axial (8 mm length) and tilted (12 mm length) dental implants with 30‐degree and 45‐degree angulation were virtually positioned to avoid entering the maxillary sinus, while maximizing A‐P distribution. Measurements were made between the tilted and axial implants to assess the change in A‐P distribution of implants at the implant and abutment levels.

Results

Forty‐seven sites (20.4%) were not able to have either treatment modality with insufficient bone for implant placement. Axial implants were placed more distally than 45‐degree and 30‐degree tilted implants in 24% and 42% of sites, respectively. The average change in A‐P spread measured at the implant level, for 30‐ and 45‐degree tilted implants was −0.25 mm (95% CI −0.76, 0.26) and 1.9 mm (95% CI 1.4, 2.3), respectively. When measured from the center of each multi‐unit abutment the average increase in A‐P distances for tilted implants appears larger in the 30‐degree and 45‐degree groups by 0.97 mm and 1.74 mm, respectively compared to measurements at the implant level.

Conclusions

Angulating 12 mm implants provides a limited increase in A‐P distribution of implants in edentulous rehabilitation in most situations. In certain patients, the use of 8mm axial implants may provide a greater A‐P spread.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of polypharmacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A cross‐sectional study from Crete, Greece
Authors: Ierodiakonou Despo , Theodorou Erotokritos , Sifaki‐Pistolla Dimitra , Bouloukaki Izolde , Antonopoulou Maria , Poulorinakis Ioannis , Tsakountakis Nikolaos , Voltiraki Filothei , Chliveros Konstantinos , Tsiligianni Ioanna
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Polypharmacy and multimorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are highly prevalent, with potential associations with worse COPD outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics and outcomes of polypharmacy, investigate the relationship of polypharmacy with health status and exacerbations and assess the prevalence of inappropriate medication (PIM), risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug‐to‐drug interactions in COPD patients.

Methods

A total of 245 COPD patients were enrolled from primary care in Crete, Greece. Patients completed a questionnaire and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Multimorbidity was defined as having two or more comorbidities and polypharmacy was defined as taking five or more drugs per day.

Results

Most of COPD patients (77.0%) and the majority (83.6%) of elderly (≥65 years) had multimorbidity, while polypharmacy was evident in 55.2% of all patients and 62.4% in elderly. After adjustments for age, gender and pack‐years, polypharmacy was associated with CAT ≥ 10, multimorbidity, several cardiometabolic diseases, cancer and depression–anxiety and prostate disorders (all p values > 0.05). PIMs were found in 9.6% of subjects aged ≥65 years and were mainly mental health medication. Due to coadministration of medications, 22.3% of the population were at cumulative risk for falls, 17% for constipation and 12.8% for cardiovascular events. Finally, 15 pairs of drug‐to‐drug interactions were identified in 11.5% of patients.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that polypharmacy is highly prevalent and associated with worse health status and prescription risks in COPD patients. These findings potentially introduce an additional challenge on effective management of these patients.
The sooner, the better: The economic impact of non‐pharmaceutical interventions during the early stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Demirgüç‐Kunt Asli , Lokshin Michael , Torre Iván
Published: August 2021

This paper estimates the economic impact of the non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented by countries in Europe and Central Asia during the initial stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The analysis relies on daily electricity consumption, nitrogen dioxide emission and mobility records to trace the economic disruptions caused by the pandemic and calibrate these measures to estimate the magnitude of the economic impact. To address the potential endogeneity in the introduction of NPIs, we instrument their stringency by the extent of a country's social ties to China. The results suggest that the NPIs led to a decline of about 10% in economic activity across the region. On average, countries that implemented non‐pharmaceutical interventions in the early stages of the pandemic appear to have better short‐term economic outcomes and lower cumulative mortality, compared with countries that imposed non‐pharmaceutical interventions during the later stages of the pandemic. Moreover, there is evidence that COVID‐19 mortality at the peak of the local outbreak has been lower in countries that acted earlier. In this sense, the results suggest that the sooner non‐pharmaceutical interventions are implemented, the better are the economic and health outcomes.
Cotton cultivation under colonial rule in India in the nineteenth century from a comparative perspective
Authors: Rönnbäck Klas , Theodoridis Dimitrios
Published: August 2021

India has played an important role in recent debates on the development of agriculture during colonial rule, and on the performance of US cotton plantations during the nineteenth century. The debates suffer from a lack of quantitative evidence on the productivity of Indian cotton cultivation. In this article, we examine levels of land and labour productivity in cotton cultivation in nineteenth‐century India, and compare this data with corresponding productivity figures from the US. Average yields in India were much lower than previous research would suggest, and trends were generally stagnant or even negative. The difference between the cost of labour in India and the US was also lower than previous research would suggest.
Impairments in odour detection and hedonic ratings of unpleasant smells in asymptomatic university students as SARS‐Cov‐2 emerged locally
Authors: Walsh‐Messinger Julie , Kaouk Sahar , Manis Hannah , Kaye Rachel , Cecchi Guillermo , Meyer Pablo , Malaspina Dolores
Published: August 2021

Sudden olfactory loss in the absence of concurrent nasal congestion is now a well‐recognized symptom of COVID‐19. We examined olfaction using standardized objective tests of odour detection, identification and hedonics collected from asymptomatic university students before and as SARS‐CoV‐2 emerged locally. Olfactory performance of students who were tested when the virus is known to be endemic (n = 22) was compared to students tested in the month prior to viral circulation (n = 25), a normative sample assessed during the previous 4 years (n = 272) and those tested in prior years during the same time period. Analyses showed significantly reduced odour detection for the virus exposed cohort compared to students tested before (t = 2.60; P = .01; d = 0.77; CI 0.17, 1.36) and to the normative sample (D = 0.38; P = .005). Odour identification scores were similar, but the exposed cohort rated odours as less unpleasant (P < .001, CLES = 0.77). Hyposmia increased 4.4‐fold for students tested 2 weeks before school closure (N = 22) and increased 13.6‐fold for students tested in the final week (N = 11). While the unavailability of COVID‐19 testing is a limitation, this naturalistic study demonstrates week‐by‐week increase in hyposmia in asymptomatic students as a virus was circulating on campus, consistent with increasing airborne viral loads. The specific hedonic deficit in unpleasantness appraisal suggests a deficit in the TAAR olfactory receptor class, which conveys the social salience of odours. Assessment of odour detection and hedonic ratings may aid in early detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure in asymptomatic and pre‐symptomatic persons.
Quality of life in dental hygienists using complementary alternative medicine approaches for work‐related musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Malloy Laura , Boyd Linda D. , Adams Jaymi‐Lyn , Vineyard Jared
Published: August 2021

Objectives

The use of conventional treatment for work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) reduces the prevalence of pain, but with popularity of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) therapies for treatment, it is important to explore their use and impact on dental hygienists (DHs) quality of life (QoL).

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey research design was used with a non‐probability sample of dental hygienists (n = 85) with WRMSDs who used CAM therapies. The WHOQOL‐BREF was used to assess quality of life and compared with CAM use and frequency. Analysis included descriptive, t‐tests, correlation and chi‐square tests of independence.

Results

The most commonly used CAM types were massage (81%) and chiropractic manipulation (67%) with 66% of respondents using two or more CAM therapies. Participants using five or less different CAMs (n = 46), compared with those using more than five CAM types (n = 35, M = 2.3, SD = 1.5), t (79) = 2.7, p = 0.01, had a higher average number of years before they noticed their WRMSD (M = 3.3, SD = 1.9). Participants reporting use of a higher number of CAM types also had lower QoL physical health domain scores (rho = −0.2, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Dental hygienists used a variety of CAM approaches to manage WRMSDs and had a lower QoL across all domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment) than the normative mean. More research is needed to explore the use of CAM approaches, such as yoga, for prevention and management of WRMSDs to improve QoL.
Safety of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in the short‐term treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Wood Hannah , Chandler Antoinette , Nezamololama Novin , Papp Kim , Gooderham Melinda J.
Published: August 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic heterogeneous condition characterized by erythematous, pruritic, and inflamed skin. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are a new class of drugs that target proteins in the Janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK‐STAT) pathway. These drugs can be administered orally or topically to inhibit signaling of the JAK‐STAT pathway and minimize the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors have been investigated in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials for AD. The safety of new medications, which are immunosuppressive by nature, is of utmost concern for the prescriber and patient alike. Herein we summarize the safety results of clinical trials using oral abrocitinib, upadacitinib, and baricitinib, as well as topical ruxolitinib and delgocitinib for the treatment of AD. The most prevalent (2–5% occurrence rate) treatment‐emergent adverse events from oral JAK inhibitor use in AD were nausea, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, herpes zoster, herpes simplex, acne, increased blood creatine phosphokinase levels, and decreased platelet counts. Topical JAK inhibitors were not associated with systemic effects. All studies reported that JAK inhibitors were well tolerated in patients with AD in comparison with the control group. While the use of JAK inhibitors in patients suffering from AD is very promising, trials reported to date are of short duration (maximum 16 weeks), and more information on the long‐term safety of these novel agents is required.
Le débat sur l'informalité dans une série d'articles de la Revue internationale du Travail
Authors: KANBUR Ravi
Published: August 2021

L'auteur présente ici l'un des numéros de la Revue internationale du Travail publiés à l'occasion du 100e anniversaire de celle‐ci. Ce numéro rassemble dix articles publiés dans la Revue entre 1975 et 2016 et consacrés exclusivement à l'analyse de l'informalité. L'auteur commence par tracer le cadre analytique, avec les origines de la notion d'informalité, puis commente les articles de ce numéro du centenaire, en les situant dans la littérature sur le sujet par des références de portée illustrative plutôt qu'exhaustive. Il conclut en s'interrogeant sur ce que les prochaines décennies pourraient amener en termes d'analyse et d'apports politiques.
Pulmonary embolus in patients with COVID‐19: an Australian perspective
Authors: Robinson Danielle H. , Wimaleswaran Hari , McDonald Christine F , Howard Mark E. , Willcox Abbey
Published: August 2021

Pulmonary embolus (PE) is a known complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The diagnosis of PE in our hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 correlated with more severe disease and occurred despite the use of routine thromboprophylaxis. Higher D‐dimers were seen on admission in patients who developed PE and rose at PE diagnosis, suggesting a role for D‐dimer in risk stratification.
The supporting role of learning analytics for a blended learning environment: Exploring students' perceptions and the impact on relatedness
Authors: Ameloot Elise , Rotsaert Tijs , Schellens Tammy
Published: August 2021

Background

Although blended learning (BL) has multiple educational prospects, it also poses challenges such as keeping students motivated.

Objectives

This study investigates students' perceptions of how learning analytics (LA) can be used to support the design of a BL environment in order to promote students' basic need for relatedness, which is a dimension of motivation. Hence, it is hypothesized that sharing LA trends with students and illustrating which course adaptations were performed based on these trends, will result in positive student perceptions and can support students' basic need satisfaction for relatedness.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental intervention study was executed using a mixed‐method approach (N = 257 students) in a BL course in university‐based teacher education. The intervention focuses on three types of learning management system LA data (general, content, and background) that are actively used by the instructor. General data consists of generated time on task, content data deals with the content of a learning path and background data includes information about students' previous education.

Results and Conclusions

The results show that students' perceptions regarding these LA are positive and most in favour of content data. Moreover, the qualitative data illustrate that students acknowledge the potential value of LA for stimulating relatedness.

Implications

Important recommendations for the use of LA in BL environments are (1) interest and commitment by the instructor by means of a powerful course intervention, (2) to consider gathering LA data anonymously on the group level, (3) instructors should communicate about the nature of the collected data, (4) actively process this input and, (5) use it in a formative manner.
First‐line chemotherapy or in combination with programmed cell death protein‐1 antibody in patients with metastatic or recurrent biliary tract cancer
Authors: Zhao Shu , Guo Xue‐Guang , Zhang Dong , Zhou Gang , Song Peng , Yang Jing , Zhang Yong , Li Peng , Hu Yi , Wang Peng
Published: August 2021

Background

Although immune checkpoint blockade therapy has achieved great success in various types of cancers, studies on biliary tract cancer are limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy in Chinese patients with BTC.

Methods

We collected medical records of 130 pathologically diagnosed metastatic or recurrent BTC patients who had not received chemotherapy in the advanced stage. Eligible patients who received first‐line chemotherapy ± ICIs were enrolled in the efficacy and safety analysis. We compared progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and duration of response (DoR) between the ICI plus chemotherapy group and chemotherapy alone group.

Results

Of 90 enrolled patients, 45 received ICIs plus chemotherapy and 45 received chemotherapy. The median follow‐up times were 18.7 and 19.6 months, respectively. The median PFS was 5.9 months (95% CI: 4.3–7.5) with ICIs plus chemotherapy, which was significantly longer than the 4.2 months (95% CI: 2.1–6.5) with chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39–0.94; P = 0.0306). The median OS was 14.7 months (95% CI: 11.4–18.0) compared with 14.2 months (95% CI: 12.5–15.9) (HR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.57–1.50; P = 0.765). Grade 3 or 4 treatment‐related adverse events were similar between these two groups (71.1% and 64.4%, respectively).

Conclusion

Although first‐line ICI therapy plus chemotherapy showed a significant improvement in the median PFS compared with chemotherapy in metastatic or recurrent BTC, the benefit did not translate into a statistically significant OS prolongation. The safety profile for ICIs plus chemotherapy was similar to chemotherapy alone.
Family based treatment of anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2010–2019)
Authors: Goger Pauline , Weersing V. Robin
Published: August 2021

Anxiety disorders are the most common and impairing mental health problems across the lifespan. Familial factors are strongly implicated in the onset and maintenance of anxiety, but available evidence‐based treatments are usually individual‐focused. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current evidence base (2010–2019) of family based interventions addressing youth and adult anxiety and highlight findings comparing family based and individual‐focused treatments. A systematic literature search was conducted. Articles were considered if they targeted primarily anxiety‐related issues and utilized a randomized controlled trial design, resulting in 22 included youth studies. No adult studies met criteria for inclusion. Overall, family based treatments performed better than no‐treatment controls and as well as individual‐based interventions, with some evidence that family based interventions might outperform individual‐based ones in certain populations (i.e., autism). Family based interventions may represent a good alternative for anxiety treatment in youth. Additional research on family based treatment for anxiety is adults is needed.