bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 Classification Systems in a Primary Health Care Setting: Some Initial Observations
Authors: Walker Sue , Wood Maryann , Wilks Jeffrey , Nicol Jennifer
Published: July 2017

The ICD-10 is due to be introduced into Australia during the late 1990s, superseding the current and widely used ICD-9-CM. Improvements in areas such as number of codes, an expanded external cause framework, and more context to injuries are expected to make the ICD-10 a more streamlined system for practitioners. The present study examined both classification formats using data from 1183 presentations to primary health clinics at island tourist resorts. Some initial observations are made about differences in the two systems, highlighting the greater coding detail provided by the ICD-10, particularly in the area of injuries. It is recommended that further empirical testing be undertaken using the ICD-10 in a variety of settings so as to identify benefits in the coding of both medical conditions and injuries.
Congratulations to Associate Professor Rosemary Roberts!
Authors: Luxford Karen
Published: July 2017

The University of Sydney is pleased to announce that Rosemary Roberts (Director, National Coding Centre) was recently conferred with the title ‘Associate Professor’. Congratulations Rosemary from your many colleagues for a title well deserved. Although many of you will know Rosemary, you may not know of her achievements. Her accomplishments are numerous; however, the following is intended as a brief summary.
An Evaluation of the Postgraduate Diploma of Applied Science in Health Information Management
Authors: Westbrook Johanna I , Callen Joanne , Tomornsak Saranuj
Published: July 2017

Thirty-six students have graduated with a Graduate Diploma of Applied Science (Health Information Management) from the University of Sydney since the course was introduced in 1992. A survey of graduates was conducted to examine the extent to which they believed the course had provided them with sufficient knowledge and skills to become effective health information management practitioners. Options for changes to the course were also explored in the questionnaire. The results demonstrated that graduates strongly supported the existing curriculum. Increased opportunities for practical experience were suggested by many respondents. There was not strong support for an option to increase the length of the course. However, the option to commence study in January and undertake some classes in the inter-semester break was viewed positively by 68% of the graduates.
Accredited Clinical Coder Examination — April 1997
Authors: Mitchell Jennifer
Published: July 2017

On 19 April 1997, 52 candidates sat for the second Accredited Clinical Coder (ACC) examination at 12 sites across Australia and in New Zealand. Eighteen, or 35%, of the candidates who sat for the exam gained accreditation. This result was similar to the pass rate of 32% for the first ACC examination, in September 1996. The most successful group of candidates had health information management (HIM) qualifications (14 out of 18, or 78%), and the single largest successful group was HIMs from Victoria (8 out of 18, or 44%).
Lifelong Learning
Authors: Lewis Melinda
Published: July 2017

This paper will outline the theoretical constructs pertaining to lifelong learning, adult education, continuing professional development and the learning society. The need for all professionals to have highly developed learning skills in a society racing with change is evident. Pressures placed on health information managers to continue their learning beyond graduation are many and varied. Continuing professional education is one avenue that enables health information managers to continue their learning beyond graduation. Attributes of a typical lifelong learner are included in this paper to enable readers to self-assess their capacity for continued learning and their desire to undertake it. The paper concludes with a list of strategies for learners to enhance their lifelong learning skills. The role that educators can play in developing lifelong learning competence in students and graduates is also outlined.
Teaching Social Theory with an Applied Perspective
Authors: Hand Carl M.
Published: July 2017

The Commission on Applied and Clinical Sociology (CACS) has emphasized the importance of using theory in sociological practice. Achieving this goal requires an approach to teaching that transforms theory students from passive learners to active users. This change can only occur if instructors are willing to entertain teaching methods that increase the likelihood that students will apply what they learn beyond the confines of the classroom. In addition, students must be able to demonstrate how theory can inspire problem analysis and intervention. This paper explores teaching approaches that support a more applied teaching-learning environment. Literary or media-oriented case studies, integrating research into the course, use of collaborative teaching methods, life-histories, and diaries can provide the foundation for enhancing a student's capacity to think critically and apply theory to everyday contexts. Furthermore, integrating students directly into field settings through organizational case studies and service learning allows them to see how theory can be used to ameliorate problematic situations.
The Effects of Parental Age and Sibling Configurations on Family Environment and Academic Achievement of Children
Authors: Shields Nancy , Hanneke Christine
Published: July 2017

In this study, we draw from the literature on sibling configurations and parental age to investigate the effects of these factors on the academic achievement of children. The study investigates the effects of maternal age at first birth, maternal age when the respondent was born, and father's age when the respondent was born on ACT scores, grade point averages over three years, and whether or not the parents are providing financial aid to their students. We examine the effects of sibship size, ordinal position, and gender composition of the sibship on these same variables. The study also investigates the extent to which the relationship between parental age and academic outcomes is linear. The relationship of sibship size, ordinal position, and gender composition on the quality of relationships with parents is investigated. Using a sample of freshmen at a mid-western university, we find consistent positive effects of parental age on high school and early college achievement, as well as consistent negative birth order effects on achievement at the high school level. Students with older parents and fewer older siblings consistently performed better. Sibship size and the proportion of females in the sibship had no effect on academic outcomes. Using self-reported data from children on a childhood measure of parental support and interaction and quality of relationships with parents during late adolescence, we also investigate the impact of parental age at birth, and sibling characteristics on childhood and adolescent family environment. Ordinal position had a significant positive effect on the quality of relationships with parents during adolescence, and sibship size had a significant negative effect. We find a curvilinear effect for paternal age on childhood support and parental involvement, but not for academic achievement or quality of relationships with parents in late adolescence. Parental education had a positive significant impact on childhood support and involvement. Children from larger sibships and who were later born children were less likely to receive financial aid from their parents. The results are discussed as they relate to the literature on parental age and sibling configurations, and in terms of their implications for student retention and success.
Transitional Supportive Housing in a Rural Location: A Preliminary Case Study and Lessons Learned
Authors: Mekolichick Jeanne , Davis Jennifer , Chouinard James
Published: July 2017

Research demonstrates the critical need for transitional supportive housing (TSH) for survivors of domestic violence (Melbin, Sullivan, and Cain, 2003). However, the presence of such programs around the country is inconsistent, and where programs do exist, little consensus has been attained on what aspects of these programs are most beneficial for clients (Melbin et al., 2003). This paper presents initial descriptive data based on a program evaluation of a TSH facility located in a small rural town in the southern United States. Assessments at both the individual and program levels included gathering qualitative and quantitative data. We present data on the clients in the program as well as the support groups conducted from 2004 through spring 2006. Discussed in the conclusion are lessons learned and the next steps for greater program success.
Resource Variations and Marital Status among Later-Life Elderly
Authors: Hammond Ron J. , Hammond Alisa M. , Einerson Luke , Miskin Marsha , Ludlow Chet
Published: July 2017

The U.S. divorced prevalence rates have increased steadily between the years 1963–2003 for the elderly and pre-elderly cohorts and will likely continue in coming decades. This study utilized Social Exchange principles in evaluating the comparative resource diminutions between female and male elderly divorced and between married and not married elderly. Results suggest that elderly divorced females have fewer financial resources, while having more social and emotional resources than males. Results also suggest that widowed, separated, divorced, and never married elderly have fewer resources than married ones. Separated elderly females notably had the fewest resources.
Effective Grassroots Social Action in Public Education
Authors: Willie Charles V.
Published: July 2017

This article identifies public school education as a community affair which requires the talents of lawyers, social science scholars, and other kinds of people. Since public education is described as a community affair, diversity in student body and faculty is recommended as a way of gathering essential opinions on how education may benefit all individuals as well as the community. Grassroots strategies for achieving effective social action are discussed.
Cleaning up after the Mess: The Individual-Community Nexus in Correctional Rehabilitation
Authors: Guy Roger
Published: July 2017

The population of America's local, state, and federal prisons increased by nearly 340 percent between 1980 and 2005 (Paparozzi and Demichele 2008). Much of this increase reflects policy intended to get tough on criminals by locking them up longer and removing discretionary power of judges. Therefore, community corrections (i.e., probation and parole) have assumed increased attention recently as more prisoners are diverted and placed on probation and others are released through mandatory parole. One of the most measurable goals of community corrections is a reduction in recidivism. Much of what works today has its origins in symbolic interaction theory. Most social learning occurs through what Albert Bandura referred to as “observational learning.” One component of this approach as applied to community corrections involves parole officers modeling behavior for the offender. Research has shown us that successful modeling requires skill on the part of parole officers in order for the process of observational learning to occur. The second component in therapeutic intervention in corrections is that the client/offender must have the opportunity to reinforce the new behavior. Research suggests that this “role playing” should occur in a nonthreatening environment, with the offender receiving reinforcement for positive prosocial/noncriminal behavior and immediate disapproval for antisocial behavior. Finally, this paper will propose an integrative approach for prisoner reentry that extends this process of resocialization to include broader involvement of social institutions and the community.
The Founding Fathers of Sociology: Francis Galton, Adolphe Quetelet, and Charles Booth: Or What Do People You Probably Never Heard of Have to Do with the Foundations of Sociology?
Authors: Wright James D.
Published: July 2017

The theme of the 2008 meeting of the Association for Applied and Clinical Sociology was “Engaging Sociology: Applied Sociology's Past, Present, and Promise.” The theme suggests that applied sociology has a past that is different from the parent discipline of sociology, and given how the history of sociology has come to be taught and remembered, that is an understandable suggestion. The argument of this paper, however, is that the discipline of sociology itself—as it is actually practiced today—originated mainly in applied work, in the work of nineteenth century social reformers whose contributions to the field have been largely forgotten, people such as Francis Galton, Adolphe Quetelet, and Charles Booth. These, I argue, are the Founding Fathers of the discipline as I have practiced it for the past thirty-five years.
Women, Peace, Security, and the National Action Plans
Authors: Fritz Jan Marie , Doering Sharon , Gumru F. Belgin
Published: July 2017

Twenty criteria are used to analyze sixteen national action plans that focus on women, peace, and security. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, a base for the national plans, highlights the terrible consequences of violent conflict on women and girls as well as the important role of women in all peacebuilding processes. Suggestions are made for those developing or revising plans and include addressing the relevant points from four UN Security Council resolutions (1325, 1820, 1888, and 1889); specifying all processes and timelines; and including civil society participation in all phases of a plan's development; implementation, and assessment.
Diary of a Mad Social Scientist
Authors: Dolgon Corey
Published: July 2017

My professional home has always been in the Association for Humanist Sociology (AHS). AHS asks that its authors and presenters give a reflexive statement to help contextualize their work for the audience. Here's mine. I originally wrote this piece for a collection entitled Sociologists in Action, edited by friends and colleagues Jonathan White, Shelley White, and Kathleen Korgen. But I found it hard to find the right voice to talk about my own work as a sociologist ‘in action” or to somehow argue for being an activist sociologist. I only found a comfortable narrative when I started chronicling what I did to try to integrate my interests in political work and organizing with education, scholarship, and social relationships of all kinds. I don't mean this piece to be self-indulgent in demonstrating how hard I work (I imagine we all do), how smart I work (I imagine most of you are much smarter), or what a great dad or husband I am (I am sure many of you are better parents and spouses—just ask my wife and kids). But I feel confident that buried in this piece are stories of how we as engaged and applied sociologists integrate sociological knowledge and practice with our students, our peers, our campuses, our communities, and even our most intimate friends and families. Sociology is not why we live our lives—but it informs how we live our lives. It offers intellectual, political, pedagogical, and even social and behavioral tools to create democratic institutions and relationships, all in the hopes of creating a better world around us for our students, for our campuses, for our communities, for our families, and for ourselves. And that, I think, is why we live our lives.
Sociologists as Public Intellectuals and Experts
Authors: Kalleberg Ragnvald
Published: July 2017

As a member of an academic discipline the sociologist has four basic roles: researcher, teacher, public intellectual and expert. We sociologists behave as if the discipline is only a research discipline, with a corresponding underdevelopment of the three other roles as essential in the creation and maintenance of knowledge and insightes within the discipline.
New method of in-situ fabrication of protective coatings based on Fe–Al intermetallic compounds
Authors: Chmielewski T , Golański D A
Published: July 2017

The paper presents the initial investigation results on producing surface protective coatings made of Fe–Al intermetallic compounds on steel substrates. The Fe–Al coating is obtained in a two-step process. First, the steel substrate is thermally sprayed with pure aluminium having a thickness of about 0.3° mm. In this way both components (Fe, Al) are prepared for subsequent melting and synthesis. In the final step, the aluminium coating is remelted together with the surface of the steel substrate by the CO2 laser beam. The resulting molten pool consists of aluminium and iron in equal parts, allowing it to form a Fe–Al intermetallic compound during the in-situ process of remelting. The formation of Fe–Al intermetallic compound has been verified by the microhardness and X-ray diffraction measurements of the analysed coatings. The developed method is a cheap alternative compared with other surface modification processes utilizing commercially prepared intermetallic coating materials. In addition, the remelting process substantially increases the strength of the coating bond, which has a magnitude close to that observed for hard-facing processes.
Measurement of end-milling burr using image processing techniques
Authors: Sharan R V , Onwubolu G C
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a method that has been developed to measure the height of end-milling burr on the edges of a work-piece using techniques of image processing. This simple and economical system consists of a microscope with a digital camera mounted on the viewing lens and a personal computer for image processing. An image is captured and then processed whereby the whole burr profile is analysed and compared to traditional methods, where normally a few readings are taken at random locations. An added feature of this system is that disorientation of the reference horizontal axis, along which burr height measurements are taken, on the work-piece during image capture is catered for with relevant image processing functions. In addition, the system determines and plots the height of the burr against its location, together with the average burr height, which can be used later for deburring or further analysis.
Fabrication of microfluidic injection moulds by a hybrid micromachining process
Authors: Chang W-L , Luo X-C , Ritchie J M , Sun J-N , Mark C
Published: July 2017

In this paper a hybrid micromachining approach was developed for the fabrication of microfluidic injection moulds. A micro injection mould with 500μm wide and 200μm high channels was machined by high-speed micromilling. The microchannels inside the mould were then processed by a Nd:YAG laser to remove the burrs generated in the micromilling process. The measurement results confirmed the effectiveness of this hybrid micromachining process in obtaining high-quality microproducts.
Determination of small in-plane angular displacement in machine tool alignment using two matched moiré fringes
Authors: Shao J-Y , Liu H-Z , Ding Y-C , Wang L
Published: July 2017

Small in-plane angular displacement is determined by adopting two matched moiré fringes and frequency analysis method in this paper. The gratings in the specimen and reference have a complementary configuration; when the specimen has an angular displacement with respect to the reference, two matched moiré fringes rotate in opposite directions, and thus this angle determination method does not depend on the direction of the moiré fringe in a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The frequency components acquired by fast Fourier transfer and local frequency spectrum zooming process are used to determine the fringe inclination. Different from the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT) method, this method can realize the accurate measurement of fringe inclination in any direction by selecting different orthogonal frequency components. After the magnitude of fringe inclination is determined, automatic detection of fringe orientation is realized by comparing the peak frequencies in their possible directions. This method can be used to determine the angular displacement automatically and accurately.
Novel method for decision making in the manufacturing environment
Authors: Rao R Venkata , Patel B K
Published: July 2017

Decision makers in the manufacturing sector frequently face the problem of assessing a wide range of alternative options and selecting one based on a set of conflicting attributes. There is a need for simple, systematic, and logical methods or mathematical tools to guide decision makers in considering a number of selection attributes and their interrelationships and in making right decisions. This paper proposes a novel multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) method for solving the deterministic decision-making problems of the manufacturing environment. The method considers the objective weights of importance of the attributes as well as the subjective preferences of the decision maker to decide the integrated weights of importance of the attributes. Furthermore, the method uses fuzzy logic to convert the qualitative attributes into quantitative attributes. Three examples are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed method.
Review of variational models for tolerance analysis of an assembly
Authors: Marziale M , Polini W
Published: July 2017

The tolerance analysis of assemblies, which is carried out during the design stage, is the basic tool to simulate the effects of the assigned tolerances on the required functionality, and then, to define the appropriate allocation of the tolerances. This tool has to be based on a mathematical model able to evaluate the effect that each single tolerance has on the whole assembly. There are some different models proposed in the literature to carry out the tolerance analysis of an assembly, but none of them is completely and univocally accepted. Some authors focus their attention on the solution of single problems found in these models or in their practical application in computer-aided tolerancing systems. None of them has done an objective and complete comparison among them, analysing the advantages and the weakness and furnishing a criterion for their choice and application. The present paper briefly introduces one of the main models for tolerance analysis, the variational model. The variational model is a family of schemes developed by different authors; the two most developed schemes are that involving rotational and translational parameters and that involving only translational parameters. These two models are briefly described herein and then compared to show their analogies and differences.
Re-epithelialization of whole porcine kidneys with renal epithelial cells
Authors: Poornejad Nafiseh , Buckmiller Evan , Schaumann Lara , Wang Haonan , Wisco Jonathan , Roeder Beverly , Reynolds Paul , Cook Alonzo
Published: July 2017

Decellularized porcine kidneys were recellularized with renal epithelial cells by three methods: perfusion through the vasculature under high pressure, perfusion through the ureter under high pressure, or perfusion through the ureter under moderate vacuum. Histology, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess vasculature preservation and the distribution of cells throughout the kidneys. Cells were detected in the magnetic resonance imaging by labeling them with iron oxide. Perfusion of cells through the ureter under moderate vacuum (40 mmHg) produced the most uniform distribution of cells throughout the kidneys.
A Positive Approach to: Mental Health in Industry
Authors: Trickett Joseph M.
Published: July 2017

We have been slow to perceive that making a living is much more than economic drudgery—it is a way of life, an emotional and social experience. Obviously, “turning out the goods” is not enough. For, whether we like it or not, our plants and our offices are at the same time turning out a way of life—good, bad, or indifferent. We are involved in the quality of the standard of living as well as its quantity.
Sciatic Nerve Injury After Proximal Hamstring Avulsion and Repair
Authors: Wilson Thomas J. , Spinner Robert J. , Mohan Rohith , Gibbs Christopher M. , Krych Aaron J.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Muscle bellies of the hamstring muscles are intimately associated with the sciatic nerve, putting the sciatic nerve at risk of injury associated with proximal hamstring avulsion. There are few data informing the magnitude of this risk, identifying risk factors for neurologic injury, or determining neurologic outcomes in patients with distal sciatic symptoms after surgery.

Purpose:

To characterize the frequency and nature of sciatic nerve injury and distal sciatic nerve–related symptoms after proximal hamstring avulsion and to characterize the influence of surgery on these symptoms.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of patients with proximal partial or complete hamstring avulsion. The outcome of interest was neurologic symptoms referable to the sciatic nerve distribution below the knee. Neurologic symptoms in operative patients were compared pre- and postoperatively.

Results:

The cohort consisted of 162 patients: 67 (41.4%) operative and 95 (58.6%) nonoperative. Sciatic nerve–related symptoms were present in 22 operative and 23 nonoperative patients, for a total of 45 (27.8%) patients (8 [4.9%] motor deficits, 11 [6.8%] sensory deficits, and 36 [22.2%] with neuropathic pain). Among the operative cohort, 3 of 3 (100.0%) patients showed improvement in their motor deficit postoperatively, 3 of 4 (75.0%) patients’ sensory symptoms improved, and 17 of 19 (89.5%) patients had improvement in pain. A new or worsening deficit occurred in 5 (7.5%) patients postoperatively (2 [3.1%] motor deficits, 1 [1.5%] sensory deficit, and 3 [4.5%] with new pain). Predictors of operative intervention included lower age (odds ratio [OR], 0.952; 95% CI, 0.921-0.982; P = .001) and complete avulsion (OR, 10.292; 95% CI, 2.526-72.232; P < .001). Presence of neurologic deficit was not predictive.

Conclusion:

Sciatic nerve–related symptoms after proximal hamstring avulsion are underrecognized. Currently, neurologic symptoms are not considered when determining whether to pursue operative intervention. Given the high likelihood of improvement with surgical treatment, neurologic symptoms should be considered when making a decision regarding operative treatment.
Engaging HNWI Indians
Authors: Godfrey John
Published: July 2017

Preliminary analysis suggests the philanthropy of high net worth individual (HNWI) 1 1 The term HNWI is generally used to describe an individual with investable assets in excess of US$1 million (excluding primary residence, collectibles and consumer durables). The wealth of participants in this study has not been investigated. Indeed, such data would be difficult to obtain or corroborate. Instead the project is examining the philanthropy of the elite of India. However, prima facie those interviewed would either fit into that category or be a member of a family whose collective wealth would ensure membership of that category. Indians has significant commonalities with that described by researchers in Western countries. It is proposed that the most important fact is that Indian philanthropists, as are their counterparts in the West, are ‘producers’ of philanthropy and ‘hyperagents’. This has great significance for fundraisers and NGOs because fundraisers and NGOs are not in a position to demand support for their causes. They must make considerable effort to understand the personal philanthropic practices and behaviours of HNWIs. In addition, fundraisers must determine whether they have the possibility of entering into the ‘communities of participation’ to which potential philanthropic supporters belong. The article compares existing studies on the philanthropy of the wealthy in the USA, UK and Australia to preliminary data from the author’s ongoing investigation into the characteristics of HNWI philanthropy in India.
A new approach for time-lapse data weighting in electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Lesparre Nolwenn , Nguyen Frederic , Kemna Andreas , Robert Tanguy , Hermans Thomas , Daoudi Moubarak , Flores-Orozco Adrian
Published: July 2017

Applications of time-lapse inversion of electrical resistivity tomography allow monitoring variations in the subsurface that play a key role in a variety of contexts. The inversion of time-lapse data provides successive images of the subsurface properties showing the medium evolution. Image quality is highly dependent on the data weighting determined from the data error estimates. However, the quantification of errors in the inversion of time-lapse data has not yet been addressed. We have developed a methodology for the quantification of time-lapse data error based on the analysis of the discrepancy between normal and reciprocal readings acquired at different times. We applied the method to field monitoring data sets collected during the injection of heated water in a shallow aquifer. We tested different error models to indicate that the use of an appropriate time-lapse data error estimate yielded significant improvements in terms of imaging. An adapted inversion weighting for time-lapse data implies that the procedure does not allow an over-fitting of the data, so the presence of artifacts in the resulting images is greatly reduced. Our results determined that a proper estimate of time-lapse data error is mandatory for weighting optimally the inversion to obtain images that best reflect the evolution of medium properties over time.
Hyperandrogenemia Induced by Letrozole Treatment of Pubertal Female Mice Results in Hyperinsulinemia Prior to Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Skarra Danalea V , Hernández-Carretero Angelina , Rivera Alissa J , Anvar Arya R , Thackray Varykina G
Published: July 2017

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosed with hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction have an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We previously developed a model that uses letrozole to elevate endogenous testosterone levels in female mice. This model has hallmarks of PCOS, including hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, as well as increased abdominal adiposity and glucose intolerance. In the current study, we further characterized the metabolic dysfunction that occurs after letrozole treatment to determine whether this model represents a PCOS-like metabolic phenotype. We focused on whether letrozole treatment results in altered pancreatic or liver function as well as insulin resistance. We also investigated whether hyperinsulinemia occurs secondary to weight gain and insulin resistance in this model or if it can occur independently. Our study demonstrated that letrozole-treated mice developed hyperinsulinemia after 1 week of treatment and without evidence of insulin resistance. After 2 weeks of letrozole treatment, mice became significantly heavier than placebo mice, demonstrating that weight gain was not required to develop hyperinsulinemia. After 5 weeks of letrozole treatment, mice exhibited blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT in skeletal muscle. Moreover, letrozole-treated mice exhibited dyslipidemia after 5 weeks of treatment but no evidence of hepatic disease. Our study demonstrated that the letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model exhibits multiple features of the metabolic dysregulation observed in obese, hyperandrogenic women with PCOS. This model will be useful for mechanistic studies investigating how hyperandrogenemia affects metabolism in females.
Hyperbaric Versus Isobaric Bupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for Adult Patients Undergoing Noncesarean Delivery Surgery
Authors: Uppal Vishal , Retter Susanne , Shanthanna Harsha , Prabhakar Christopher , McKeen Dolores M.
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:

It is widely believed that the choice between isobaric bupivacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine formulations alters the block characteristics for the conduct of surgery under spinal anesthesia. The aim of this study was to systematically review the comparative evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of the 2 formulations when used for spinal anesthesia for adult noncesarean delivery surgery.

METHODS:

Key electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials, excluding cesarean delivery surgeries under spinal anesthesia, without any language or date restrictions. The primary outcome measure for this review was the failure of spinal anesthesia. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data. Results were expressed as relative risk (RR) or mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

Seven hundred fifty-one studies were identified between 1946 and 2016. After screening, there were 16 randomized controlled clinical trials, including 724 participants, that provided data for the meta-analysis. The methodological reporting of most studies was poor, and appropriate judgment of their individual risk of bias elements was not possible. There was no difference between the 2 drugs regarding the need for conversion to general anesthesia (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.08–4.41; P = .62; I
2 = 0%), incidence of hypotension (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.69–1.92; P = .58; I
2 = 0%), nausea/vomiting (RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.06–1.32; P = .11; I
2 = 7%), or onset of sensory block (MD = 1.7 minutes; 95% CI, −3.5 to 0.1; P = .07; I
2 = 0%). The onset of motor block (MD = 4.6 minutes; 95% CI, 7.5–1.7; P = .002; I
2 = 78%) was significantly faster with hyperbaric bupivacaine. Conversely, the duration of motor (MD = 45.2 minutes; 95% CI, 66.3–24.2; P < .001; I
2 = 87%) and sensory (MD = 29.4 minutes; 95% CI, 15.5–43.3; P < .001; I
2 = 73%) block was longer with isobaric bupivacaine.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both hyperbaric bupivacaine and isobaric bupivacaine provided effective anesthesia with no difference in the failure rate or adverse effects. The hyperbaric formulation allows for a relatively rapid motor block onset, with shorter duration of motor and sensory block. The isobaric formulation has a slower onset and provides a longer duration of both sensory and motor block. Nevertheless, the small sample size and high heterogeneity involving these outcomes suggest that all the results should be treated with caution.
Bmp signaling maintains a mesoderm progenitor cell state in the mouse tailbud
Authors: Sharma Richa , Shafer Maxwell E. R. , Bareke Eric , Tremblay Mathieu , Majewski Jacek , Bouchard Maxime
Published: July 2017

Caudal somites are generated from a pool of progenitor cells located in the tailbud region. These progenitor cells form the presomitic mesoderm that gradually differentiates into somites under the action of the segmentation clock. The signals responsible for tailbud mesoderm progenitor pool maintenance during axial elongation are still elusive. Here, we show that Bmp signaling is sufficient to activate the entire mesoderm progenitor gene signature in primary cultures of caudal mesoderm cells. Bmp signaling acts through the key regulatory genes brachyury (T) and Nkx1-2 and contributes to the activation of several other regulators of the mesoderm progenitor gene network. In the absence of Bmp signaling, tailbud mesoderm progenitor cells acquire aberrant gene expression signatures of the heart, blood, muscle and skeletal embryonic lineages. Treatment of embryos with the Bmp inhibitor noggin confirmed the requirement for Bmp signaling for normal T expression and the prevention of abnormal lineage marker activation. Together, these results identify Bmp signaling as a non-cell-autonomous signal necessary for mesoderm progenitor cell homeostasis.
Essential and selective role of SNX12 in transport of endocytic and retrograde cargo
Authors: Priya Amulya , Sugatha Jini , Parveen Sameena , Lacas-Gervais Sandra , Raj Prateek , Gilleron Jérôme , Datta Sunando
Published: July 2017

The endosomal protein-sorting machineries play vital roles in diverse physiologically important cellular processes. Much of the core membrane-sorting apparatus is conserved in evolution, such as retromer, which is involved in the recycling of a diverse set of cargoes via the retrograde trafficking route. Here, in an RNAi-based loss-of-function study, we identified that suppression of SNX12 leads to a severe blockage in CIM6PR (also known as IGF2R) transport and alters the morphology of the endocytic compartments. We demonstrate that SNX12 is involved in the early phase of CIM6PR transport, and mediates receptor recycling upstream of the other well-established SNX components of retromer. Ultra-structural analysis revealed that SNX12 resides on tubulo-vesicular structures, despite it lacking a BAR domain. Furthermore, we illustrate that SNX12 plays a key role in intraluminal vesicle formation and in the maturation of a subpopulation of early endosomes into late endosomes, thereby regulating selective endocytic transport of cargo for degradation. This study therefore provides evidence for the existence of early endosomal subpopulations that have differential roles in the sorting of the cargoes along endocytic degradative pathways.
Regional variation in undulatory kinematics of two hammerhead species: the bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) and the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini)
Authors: Hoffmann S. L. , Warren S. M. , Porter M. E.
Published: July 2017

Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae) are have a large amount of morpholigcal variation within the family, making them the focus of many studies. The size of the laterally expanded head, or cephalofoil, is inversely correlated with pectoral fin area. The inverse relation in cephalofoil and pectoral fin size in this family suggests that they might serve a complimentary role in lift generation. The cephalofoil is also hypothesized to increase olfaction, electroreception, and vision; however, little is known about how morphological variation impacts post-cranial swimming kinematics. Previous studies demonstrate that the bonnethead and scalloped hammerhead have significantly different yaw amplitude and we hypothesized that these species utilize varied frequency and amplitude of undulation along the body. We analyzed video of free swimming sharks to examine kinematics and 2D morphological variables of the bonnethead and scalloped hammerhead. We also examined the second moment of area along the length of the body and over a size range of animals to determine if there were shape differences along the body of these species and if those changed over ontogeny. We found that both species swim with the same standardized velocity and Strouhal number but there was no correlation between two-dimensional morphology and swimming kinematics. However, the bonnethead has a dorso-ventrally compressed anterior trunk and undulates with greater amplitude whereas the scalloped hammerhead has a laterally compressed anterior trunk and undulates with lower amplitude. We propose that differences in cross-sectional trunk morphology account for interspecific differences in undulatory amplitude. We also found that for both species, undulatory frequency is significantly greater in the anterior body compared to all other body regions. We hypothesize that the bonnethead and scalloped hammerhead swim with a double oscillation system.
First clinical report of helical tomotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for synchronous bilateral breast cancer
Authors: Wadasadawala Tabassum , Jain Shanu , Paul Siji , Phurailatpam Reena , Joshi Kishore , Popat Palak , Tandon Sandip , Alahari Aruna , Sarin Rajiv
Published: July 2017

Objective:

Radiotherapy (RT) for synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) is technically very challenging. This study reports the clinical feasibility, dosimetry and safety of helical tomotherapy (HT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy for SBBC.

Methods:

21 women with SBBC treated with HT from January 2013 to June 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Radiation lung toxicity was assessed using pulmonary function test (PFT) and high-resolution computerized tomography scan (HRCT) scan at baseline and 1 yearpost-RT in 18 patients. Survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Significance of the difference between pre- and post-RT PFT values was assessed using paired t-test.

Results:

The dose prescription was 50Gy to the breast, chest wall or regional nodes and 61Gy to the tumour bed as SIB, delivered in 25 fractions. Dosimetric outcome was excellent both for target volumes and normal tissues. Acute skin and oesophageal toxicities were minimal. Symptomatic radiation-induced pnuemonitis was not observed. Subclinical radiological Grade I–II changes were apparent in 14 patients. Only one patient developed Grade III radiological change whereas no change was documented for three patients. PFTs did not show any significant change in any of the measured parameters. At a median follow-up of 25 months, 3-year disease-free survival, overall survival and loco-regional control were 65.6%, 83.3% and 85.7% respectively.

Conclusion:

Women with SBBC can be safely treated with HT and this is not associated with adverse short- to intermediate term radiation toxicity.

Advances in knowledge:

This is the first report that establishes the safety of HT for adjuvant RT using SIB technique in SBBC.
Features of development and regeneration in the burnt forest steppe zone
Authors: Казаков  , Kazakov Vladimir , Проказин  , Prokazin Nikolay , Лобанова  , Lobanova Elena
Published: July 2017

Fire-fighting and carrying out reforestation on the burnt forests is a complex problem for the forest sector. Current guidelines of technology for the development of burnt forests do not fully meet modern requirements, so the solution of this problem is of scientific and practical interest for the forest industry professionals. Features of the application of the most common means of mechanization for harvesting, as well as labor costs are at their operation are marked as the result of analysis of method of harvesting stands in areas with both commodity and non-commodity timber. It is noted that the greatest interest for sparsely areas is way to eliminate burnt forests by chainsaw felling and skidding of stems to the loading warehouse using chokerless skid devices in the unit with wheel tractors. This technology eliminates the clearing of cutting areas from forest residues and performs branches cutting and stems butchering for assortments in one place. Conducted approbation of low-operation harvesting technology of stands on the roll with a chainsaw "Husqvarna" and skidding trees with chokerkess skid equipment for thinning the forest ОРУ-2 unit with МТЗ-80/82, confirmed its benefits and made it possible to establish the basic performance characteristics. Test plot of pine seedlings is laid, using open and closed root system and indicators of their survival and growth are identified. Planting of yearling pine seedlings with closed root system on non-treated belts led to their death. Assessing the impact of mycorrhiza in making it into the soil on plant growth and survival, has confirmed the feasibility of its use in creating pine plantations on sandy soils.
INFORMATION EXCHANGE AS A BASIS FOR INTEGRATION OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY TRANSPORT
Authors: Драпалюк  , Drapalyuk M. , Новиков  , Novikov Arthur
Published: July 2017

Discusses the issues of integration of international experience in the field of alternative en-ergy transport on the example of information exchange in the form of international conferences on the basis Morozov VSUFT
VLADIVOSTOK RING ROAD AS A WAY TO SOLVE THE TRAFFIC PROBLEMS OF THE CITY
Authors: Хегай  , Khegay V. , Косяков  , Kosyakov S. , Поготовкина  , Pogotovkina N.
Published: July 2017

The article describes how and why Vladivostok ring road will help solve the transportation problems of the automotive city in the country.
PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT TELEMATICS SYSTEMS IN LARGE POPULATED AREAS
Authors: Овчарук  , Ovcharuk B.
Published: July 2017

The article identifies the main problems solved by building modern automated traffic management systems using telematics. The architecture of transport telematics systems. Shows the concept of intelligent vehicle
Recovery wooden beams impregnating polymer composition based on epoxy resins
Authors: Лукина  , Lukina Anastasiya , Лукин  , Lukin Mikhail , Рощина  , Roshchina Svetlana , Лисятников  , Lisyatnikov Mikhail
Published: July 2017

This paper proposes a method of restoration of wooden structures by impregnating polymer composition based on epoxy resin, locally weakened destruction. Objective - research and development of technology for site remediation of wooden structures with areas of locally de-graded wood. We analyzed the causes of the destruction of wooden building structures. The pa-per sets out the methodology and the engineering based on the example of a wooden beam, the destruction of locally weakened in the core zone. Engineering calculations were confirmed by numerical experiments carried out in the program complex "Lira 9.6".
Management techniques create innovative products of forest biotechnology in the country´s forestry
Authors: Иванова  , Ivanova Anna , Евлаков  , Evlakov Yakov
Published: July 2017

Biotechnology is one of the powerful levers lifting sector. At the same time the need for product innovation in the practice and commercialization should be justified only possibility of achieving objective, which is to the country´s forestry is reforestation. Solve the strategic goal is made possible through the use of innovative technologies, restoration and use of product innova-tions. Innovative products of forest biotechnology in view of the high social significance can not be effectively evaluated using the so-called common (economic) assessment methods.
Monitoring of the temperature distribution in prediction of forest fires
Authors: Камалова  , Kamalova Nina , Евсикова  , Evsikova Natalya , Матвеев  , Matveev Nikolay , Лисицин  , Lisitsin V.
Published: July 2017

The article proposes to develop a conceptual approach to the prediction of forest fires. The issue on the impact of temperature changes during the year on the accumulation of moisture in the forest litter is considered. Equation for estimating the relative change of water reserve in the litter depending on the ambient temperature relative change is obtained. It is shown that the availability of winter thaws promotes the accumulation of moisture in the soil and the absence of a thaw in the winter can cause to the consolidation of moisture only on the surface in the form of snow or ice. It is increasing probability of moisture loss after a large spring snow melting and provides grounds for the forecast of increasing the risk of forest fire danger in the summer. The effect of temperature distribution along the radius of the trunk of woody plants in the processes of moisture transfer is considered. It is shown that an electric fields arise in tree trunks in the direction along the radius and along the axis of the tree trunk from exposure of nonuniform temperature field. This fact allows speaking about presence of an electrical mechanism of moisture transfer in the pores of the trunks of woody plants. This mechanism coexists with other mechanisms of sap flow in the summer months because of the existence of temperature difference at the change of day and night. If the tempera-ture of the day and night are almost identical, then the electrical mechanism of moisture redistribution in the stems of woody plants stops, and the risk of fire increases. Monitoring of the temperature distribution in the litter and in the trunks of woody plants using digital sensors with controlled accuracy will predict the likelihood of forest fires in advance.