bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axillary arch: a variation of latissimus dorsi muscle
Authors: Joshi Mohini M , Wabale Rajendra N
Published: January 2020

The axillary arch of Langer (Axillopectoral muscle) is the most common anatomical variant of the axillary musculature. During the dissection of a 63 year old male cadaver, an unusual muscle band was encountered bilaterally and identified as an axillary arch. We here describe the morphology and relationships of the axillary arch in the light of previous such reports. The knowledge of this muscle variation is important for the clinicians, with regards to its potential to cause significant iatrogenic functional defects. Anatomical variations of the axilla are of relevance to surgeons, neurologist, radiologists and cosmetic surgeons due to the increasing surgical importance of this region during axillary surgery for breast cancer, reconstruction procedures, and axillary bypass operations. It is important that surgeons operating in the axilla be aware of this common anatomic variant.
Variations in the course and branching pattern of musculocutaneous nerve
Authors: A. Amar Jayanthi , G. Arunkumar K
Published: January 2020

Background and aim: The variations in the course and communicating branches of musculocutaneous nerve is of clinical importance in the treatment of recurrent compression neuropathies and in the diagnosis of median nerve lesions. Most of the reports on anatomical variations of musculocutaneous nerve are single case studies and such studies with emphasis on gender difference in a sample of Keralite population are rarely reported. The objective of the present study is to observe the variations in the course of musculocutaneous nerve with special reference to communications with other nerves of the arm and to study the correlation between gender and variations of the nerve. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty four arms were dissected in the department of Anatomy, Government medical college, Thrissur and studied for variations of muculocutaneous nerve. Analysis was done with epi info, using proportions, confidence interval and Chi Square test. The communications noted were classified using the available classifications of Le Minor, Venieratos and Anagnostopoulou and Choi et al. Results: Nerve variations were seen in 24.2 % cases which include, absence of the nerve (3.4%), nerve not piercing coracobrachialis (12.4%) and communication to median nerve (15.1 %). All the variations observed were statistically not significant. The embryological basis for the axonal pathfinding is considered as a result of both guidance molecules and electrical activity that change the calcium homeostasis within the growth cone to regulate growth cone turning. Conclusion: Variations that were observed in the present study may give sufficient and relevant data on the nerves, among Keralite population in which studies are few.
Cytological grading of breast carcinomas correlating with ultrasonographic findings, histopathologic grade and Her2neu oncogene status in women of age group thirty to sixty five years
Authors: Dowerah Ena , Talukdar K L
Published: January 2020

Background: Breast cancer is a malignant disease with a heterogeneous prognosis. It is the most common cancer in the urban Indian population. Women over 30 years of age are especially prone to develop this type of cancer. There are various prognostic factors that have been studied in invasive ductal carcinomas to predict the tumour behaviour. As fine needle aspiration cytology is an important investigation for diagnosis and grading of the tumour, preoperative evaluation of the tumour behaviour can be studied. Aim: The aim of the study was to diagnose and grade the tumours cytologically by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), to study the tumour behaviour by ultrasonography, by histo pathological examination and also to study the her2neu oncogene overexpression of the malignant tumours. Materials & methods: The present study was carried out in Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam from May, 2010 to July, 2012. The patients presenting with breast lumps were selected for the study. FNAC smears were stained by Papaniculaou and May Grunwald Giemsa stain. Ultrasonography of the breast lumps were done. Histopathological examination was done using the H & E stain. Immunohistochemical study was done to know the her2neu oncogene overexpression by the tumours. Results & observations: The age of patients with malignant tumours were found in the pre and perimenopausal age group. 48% of the malignant tumours were infiltrating duct carcinoma and of high grade. Her2neu overexpression was seen in 35% of the malignant tumours. Conclusion: A good correlation exists between the cyto-histopathologic grade of the tumours (85.3%), BIRADS 5 category on ultra sonography with histopathologic grade (98.5%) and her2neu oncogene overexpression along with histopathologic grade (93.3%). Therefore, cytological grading indicates an important prognostic marker to know the behaviour of breast carcinomas.
Variations in origin, course and termination of anterior interventricular artery
Authors: Das Hirak
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: Coronary arteries are known for their wide variations which are not readily covered in the standard Anatomy textbooks. Unpreparedness about these variations can lead to diagnostic misinterpretations and therapeutic catastrophes. Therefore a thorough knowledge of the coronary anatomy with demographic variations is highly essential. The Anterior interventricular artery or Left Anterior Descending artery is one of the most common site of coronary infarction and has been named as 'the artery of coronary occlusion' and 'the artery of sudden death'. Therefore, this study is focused on the variations of this artery with special reference to its origin, course and termination. Materials and methods: One hundred hearts were studied, using standard methods of dissection. The anterior interventricular artery was dissected out and its origin, course and termination were noted. Results: The anterior interventricular artery originated as a terminal branch from the left coronary artery, descended along the anterior interventricular sulcus and terminated near the apex or up the posterior interventricular sulcus. It terminated anterior to the apex in 12%, 2-5 cm up the posterior interventricular sulcus in 57% and >5cm up the sulcus in 31 % cases. Conclusion: The present study contributes to the increasing database of coronary artery variations and would help clinicians in better understanding of coronary anatomy and in better patient management.
Patau syndrome - a case report
Authors: Saikia Bishwajeet , Das Bipul Kumar , Sarma Amitav
Published: January 2020

Patau syndrome is a rare and one of the most severe forms of autosomal trisomies. Having a karyotype of trisomy 13, it is associated with high rate of pregnancy loss and poor infant survival rate. The incidence is 1 in 20,000 live births. The common features associated with Patau syndrome are mental retardation, congenital heart defects, cleft lip and palate, eye defects, polydactyly, scalp defects and holoprosencephaly. We report a newborn with most of the clinical features consistent with Patau syndrome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique was used to determine the karyotype and confirm the diagnosis.
A case report of aponeurotic origin of rectus abdominis
Authors: Prabha Challa Ratna , Parimala Namburu Bhanu Sudha
Published: January 2020

Rectus abdominis is a long strap like muscle that extends along the entire length of anterior abdominal wall. Normally the rectus abdominis arises by two tendons. The larger lateral tendon attached to the crest of the pubis, pubic tubercle up to pectineal line. The medial tendon is attached to the pubic symphysis. The fleshy fibers of rectus abdominis replaced by aponeurosis below the umbilicus was found during the routine dissections of a middle aged female cadaver at Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Medical College, Chinnavutapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India. The knowledge of partial or complete absence of rectus abdominis and other anterior abdominal wall musculature is of immense importance for the General surgeon, Anatomist and the Gastroenterologist.
A study on supracondylar spur (process) of humerus - a case report
Authors: Mahima Sophia M. , R. Kalpana
Published: January 2020

The supracondylar spur of humerus is one of the rare anatomic variation of distal end of humerus. The overall incidence is 0.3-2.7 % of the general population, here the authors report a case of supracondylar spur of humerus that was observed during a study of 100 humeri. The spur was found in the antero-medial aspect of the left humerus, 5.4 cm above the medial epicondyle. It was triangular in shape and measured about 0.8 cm in length and was directed medially and forwards. The spur was 6.5 cm above the tip of the trochlea and 23.6 cm inferior to the highest point of head of humerus. A knowledge of this anatomic variation is essentially important for clinicians, surgeons and anaesthetists, as this spur if associated with Struthers' ligament will lead to a compression of the median nerve and the brachial artery. A knowledge of this variation is also important for the radiologists during image interpretation.
Lipoadenoma of parathyroid gland : report of a rare case
Authors: Shenoy Ranjeetha , Behl Arun , V. Shantharam
Published: January 2020

Parathyroid adenoma is a rare disease. It is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients are commonly mis-diagnosed and treated symptomatically rather than addressing the main cause. Parathyroid lipo-adenoma is a rare clinico-histological variant of parathyroid adenoma which owing to its bulky nature is found at aberrant locations and generally extends into the mediastinum, thus posing difficulty in diagnosis and surgical exploration. Here we present a young lady with classical signs and symptoms of primary hyper-parathyroidism who underwent excision of the single adenoma, and histologically was a lipoadenoma. This case report highlights the importance of appropriate pre-operative and intra-operative planning and execution for better recovery of the patients.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Stomach: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Sharma Manish , Koyyala Venkata Pradeep Babu , Goyal Sumit , Durga Garima , Gupta Manoj , Gupta Nitin
Published: January 2020

Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma is a very rare presentation. Its pathogenesis is obscure, and the treatment strategy is largely unknown and controversial. We report a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach with liver metastases in a 66-year-old man. The patient presented with a 2-month history of abdominal pain, vomiting, hematemesis, and weight loss. Endoscopic examination revealed large ulceroproliferative growth in body of stomach. Integrated PET CT (positron emission tomography computed tomography) scan revealed metabolically active nodular wall thickening involving body of stomach with liver metastases. Multiple biopsies of the lesions revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach. The patient was started on palliative chemotherapy and is presently in partial response to treatment. He is tolerating treatment with no major side effects.
Gate field effects on the topological insulator BiSbTeSe2 interface
Authors: Liu Shuanglong , Xu Yang , Wang Yun-Peng , Chen Yong P. , Fry James N. , Cheng Hai-Ping
Published: January 2020

Interfaces between two topological insulators are of fundamental interest in condensed matter physics. Inspired by experimental efforts, we study interfacial processes between two slabs of BiSbTeSe2 (BSTS) via first principles calculations. Topological surface states are absent for the BSTS interface in its equilibrium separation, but our calculations show that they appear if the inter-slab distance is greater than 6 Å. More importantly, we find that topological interface states can be preserved by inserting two or more layers of hexagonal boron nitride between the two BSTS slabs. In experiments, the electric current tunneling through the interface is insensitive to back gate voltage when the bias voltage is small. Using a first-principles based method that allows us to simulate the gate field, we show that at low bias, the extra charge induced by a gate voltage resides on the surface that is closest to the gate electrode, leaving the interface almost undoped. This provides clues to understand the origin of the observed insensitivity of transport properties to back voltage at low bias. Our study resolves a few questions raised in experiment, which does not yet offer a clear correlation between microscopic physics and transport data. We provide a road map for the design of vertical tunneling junctions involving the interface between two topological insulators.
Strongly enhanced local electromagnetic field in mid-infrared and terahertz photodetectors employing a hybrid antenna
Authors: Cheng Yuqing , Xie Yan , Wang Zhixuan , Wang Yinshu , Li Lianhe , Yang Ning , Duan Suqing , Wang Yingxin , Zhao Ziran , Sun Jialin , Chu Weidong
Published: January 2020

A hybrid antenna consisting of a patch cavity and a metal grating is designed in this work. This antenna can effectively localize and enhance the intensity of the electric field inside a quantum well photodetector (QWP). The optical properties of the designed antenna are theoretically investigated, and it is found that the electric field can be increased by a factor of ∼104 in the infrared region (6–10 μm) and ∼105 in the terahertz (THz) region (100 μm). These enhancements can greatly improve the performance of QWPs. In the THz region, it is theoretically estimated that the hybrid antenna can increase the working temperature of the detector to 195 K, and the noise equivalent power is theoretically estimated to be as low as ∼10−18 W/Hz0.5 at T = 4 K and ∼10−15 W/Hz0.5 at room temperature, T = 300 K. These results are of great significance for applications of QWPs.
Mathematical modelling of mass transfer of paramagnetic ions through an inert membrane by the transient magnetic concentration gradient force
Authors: Svendsen John A. , Waskaas Magne
Published: January 2020

The objective of this work is to suggest a mathematical model for mass-transfer of a paramagnetic electrolyte, nickel(ii)chloride solution, through an inert, thin membrane from one chamber to another under the influence of magnetic fields which are applied perpendicular to the membrane. The model is based on the magnetic concentration gradient force, the Fick’s law of diffusion, and the Hagen-Poiseuille law for paramagnetic ion transport in the membrane. The magnetic concentration gradient force is found to be elusive and points in the direction of the magnetic field, in our case, the direction of the Fick diffusion flux. The reason is the gradient of the magnetic volume susceptibility for the electrolyte in the membrane, which decreases in the direction of the magnetic field. This is in accordance with the variable-reluctance principle. Mass balances for transport of Ni ions in distilled water through the membrane are derived and governed by a partial differential equation in one-dimensional space and time with specified initial and boundary conditions. The associated flux is superimposed on the pure Fick diffusion flux. The total flux is described by a nonlinear partial differential equation, which has not previously been used to describe transfer phenomena in paramagnetic solutions in magnetic fields. The simulated results were compared with experimental results and coincide approximately in all points for unstirred solutions. In stirred solutions, where the mass transfer coefficient at the membrane inlet approaches infinity if the mixing is ideal, no experimental or simulated effect was observed of the magnetic field.
Speed-up of Monte Carlo simulations by preparing starting off-lattice structures that are close to equilibrium
Authors: Agrahari Gargi , Chatterjee Abhijit
Published: January 2020

The Monte Carlo (MC) technique is an important tool for studying equilibrium properties of materials. When the starting configuration provided as an input to a MC calculation is far from equilibrium, an inordinate amount of computational effort may be required to bring the system closer to equilibrium in the pre-equilibration step of the MC calculation. In order to alleviate this cost, a new computational strategy is presented with the aim of rapidly generating starting off-lattice atomic structures that are already close to equilibrium. The method involves preparing a collection of on-lattice configurations using fast reverse MC calculations. Each configuration corresponds to a different value of short-range order parameter(s). Next, by performing short MC calculations with each starting structure, one measures the extent to which the distribution of local atomic arrangements has changed. The optimal configuration exhibits the smallest change in the distribution. While the optimal configuration can serve as an input to longer MC calculations, in many situations, the resulting structure may be directly used for the estimation of thermodynamic properties. Application of our approach to several off-lattice binary and ternary metal alloy systems with phase separation, good mixing, ordering, and surface segregation is demonstrated. A speed-up of >100–1000 times over the standard MC approach is achieved even with small systems containing a few thousand particles, and close-to-equilibrium structures containing million atoms can be rapidly prepared using our method within a day on a standard desktop computer.
Imaging fluid injections into soft biological tissue to extract permeability model parameters
Authors: Shrestha Pranav , Stoeber Boris
Published: January 2020

One of the most common health care procedures is injecting fluids, in the form of drugs and vaccines, into our bodies, and hollow microneedles are emerging medical devices that deliver such fluids into the skin. Fluid injection into the skin through microneedles is advantageous because of improved patient compliance and the dose sparing effect for vaccines. Since skin tissue is a deformable porous medium, injecting fluid into the skin involves a coupled interaction between the injected fluid flow and the deformation of the soft porous matrix of skin tissue. Here, we introduce a semiempirical model that describes the fluid transport through skin tissue based on experimental data and constitutive equations of flow through biological tissue. Our model assumes that fluid flows radially outward and tissue deformation varies spherically from the microneedle tip. The permeability of tissue, assumed to be initially homogeneous, varies as a function of volumetric strain in the tissue based on a two-parameter exponential relationship. The model is optimized to extract two macroscopic parameters, k0 and m, for each of the seven experiments on excised porcine skin, using a radial form of Darcy’s law, the two-parameter exponential dependence of permeability on strain, and the experimental data on fluid flow recorded by a flow sensor and tissue deformation captured in real time using optical coherence tomography. The fluid flow estimated by the permeability model with optimized macroscopic parameters matches closely with the recorded flow rate, thus validating our semiempirical model.
Effects of compressibility and Atwood number on the single-mode Rayleigh-Taylor instability
Authors: Luo Tengfei , Wang Jianchun , Xie Chenyue , Wan Minping , Chen Shiyi
Published: January 2020

In order to study the effect of compressibility on Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability, we numerically simulated the late-time evolution of two-dimensional single-mode RT instability for isothermal background stratification with different isothermal Mach numbers and Atwood numbers (At) using a high-order central compact finite difference scheme. It is found that the initial density stratification caused by compressibility plays a stabilizing role, while the expansion-compression effect of flow plays a destabilizing role. For the case of small Atwood number, the density difference between the two sides of the interface is small, and the density distribution of the upper and lower layers is nearly symmetrical. The initial density stratification plays a dominant role, and the expansion-compression effect has little influence. With the increase in the Atwood number, the stabilization effect of initial density stratification decreases, and the instability caused by the expansion-compression effect becomes more significant. The flow structures of bubbles and spikes are quite different at medium Atwood number. The effect of compressibility on the bubble velocity is strong at large At. The bubble height is approximately a quadratic function of time at potential flow growth stage. The average bubble acceleration is nearly proportional to the square of Mach number at At = 0.9.
Spin pumping from permalloy into uncompensated antiferromagnetic Co doped zinc oxide
Authors: Buchner Martin , Lumetzberger Julia , Ney Verena , Schaffers Taddäus , Daffé Niéli , Ney Andreas
Published: January 2020

Heterostructures of Co-doped ZnO and Permalloy were investigated for their static and dynamic magnetic interactions. The highly Co-doped ZnO is paramagnetic at room temperature and becomes an uncompensated antiferromagnet at low temperatures, showing a narrowly opened hysteresis and a vertical exchange-bias shift even in the absence of any ferromagnetic layer. At low temperatures in combination with Permalloy, an exchange bias is found causing a horizontal as well as a vertical shift of the hysteresis of the heterostructure together with an increase in coercive field. Furthermore, an increase in the Gilbert damping parameter at room temperature was found by multifrequency ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), indicating spin pumping. Temperature dependent FMR shows a maximum in magnetic damping close to the magnetic phase transition. These measurements also evidence the exchange-bias interaction of Permalloy and long-range ordered Co–O–Co structures in ZnO, which are barely detectable by SQUID due to the shorter probing times in FMR.
Solutions for the Lévy-Leblond or parabolic Dirac equation and its generalizations
Authors: Bao Sijia , Constales Denis , De Bie Hendrik , Mertens Teppo
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we determine solutions for the Lévy-Leblond operator or a parabolic Dirac operator in terms of hypergeometric functions and spherical harmonics. We subsequently generalize our approach to a wider class of Dirac operators depending on 4 parameters.
Effect of in situ hydrogen plasma on the ferroelectricity of hafnium zirconium oxide films
Authors: Walters Glen , Shekhawat Aniruddh , Moghaddam Saeed , Jones Jacob L. , Nishida Toshikazu
Published: January 2020

The emerging field of ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide has garnered increased attention recently for its wide array of applications from nonvolatile memory and transistor devices to nanoelectromechanical transducers. Atomic layer deposition is one of the preferred techniques for the fabrication of hafnium zirconium oxide thin films, with a standard choice of oxidizer being either O3 or H2O. In this study, we explore various oxidizing conditions and report on the in situ treatment of hydrogen plasma after every atomic layer during the deposition of hafnium zirconium oxide to increase the virgin state polarization. Three different oxidization methods were utilized during the fabrication of the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films: H2O, O2 plasma, and O2 plasma followed by H2 plasma. The 10 and 8 nm thick films oxidized with only O2 plasma result in initially anti-ferroelectric films. Comparatively, the addition of H2 plasma after every O2 plasma step results in films with strong ferroelectric behavior. Peak shifting of the GIXRD pattern suggests that the sequential O2-H2 plasma films tend more to the orthorhombic phase as compared to the O2 plasma and H2O oxidized films.
Identification of the donor and acceptor states of the bond-centered hydrogen–carbon pair in Si and diluted SiGe alloys
Authors: Stübner R. , Kolkovsky Vl. , Weber J. , Abrosimov N. V. , Stanley C. M. , Backlund D. J. , Estreicher S. K.
Published: January 2020

The electrical and structural properties of two levels (E90 and H180) in diluted n- and p-type Si1 − xGex alloys (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.070) are investigated by high-resolution Laplace deep level transient spectroscopy measurements and first-principles calculations. By exploiting the presence of Ge atoms close to a substitutional C atom, we show that E90 and H180 belong to the same C–H pair (labeled CH1BC) with H in a bond-centered configuration (C—HBC—Si). The relative energies of the various configurations of the CH pair are calculated, and the complete vibrational spectra in the lowest-energy structures for each charge state are predicted.
Entangled system-and-environment dynamics: Phase–space dissipaton theory
Authors: Wang Yao , Xu Rui-Xue , Yan YiJing
Published: January 2020

Dissipaton-equation-of-motion (DEOM) theory [Y. J. Yan, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 054105 (2014)] is an exact and nonperturbative many-particle method for open quantum systems. The existing dissipaton algebra also treats the dynamics of hybrid bath solvation coordinates. The dynamics of conjugate momentums remain to be addressed within the DEOM framework. In this work, we establish this missing ingredient, the dissipaton algebra on solvation momentums, with rigorous validations against necessary and sufficient criteria. The resulted phase–space DEOM theory will serve as a solid ground for further developments of various practical methods toward a broad range of applications. We illustrate this novel dissipaton algebra with the phase–space DEOM-evaluation on heat current fluctuation.
Surface chemistry and photochemistry of small molecules on rutile TiO2(001) and TiO2(011)-(2 × 1) surfaces: The crucial roles of defects
Authors: Wu Longxia , Wang Zhengming , Xiong Feng , Sun Guanghui , Chai Peng , Zhang Zhen , Xu Hong , Fu Cong , Huang Weixin
Published: January 2020

Surface chemistry and photochemistry of small molecules on the rutile TiO2(001) and TiO2(011)-(2 × 1) surfaces were studied by low energy electron diffraction, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the TiO2(001) surface mainly exhibits the defects of Ti interstitials in the near-surface region, while the TiO2(011)-(2 × 1) surface mainly exhibits the defects of double-oxygen vacancies. The defect structures of TiO2 surfaces strongly affect their adsorption and thermal/photodesorption behaviors. On the TiO2(001) surface, CH3OH and H2O dissociatively adsorb at the surface Ti sites near Ti interstitials; O2 molecularly adsorbs at the surface Ti sites adjacent to Ti interstitials, forming photoactive O2 species that undergoes a hole-mediated photodesorption process; CO adsorbs at the nearest surface Ti sites close to the Ti interstitials, but CO2 does not, and the resulting CO species is photoactive; and both CO and CO2 species adsorbed at the normal Ti4+ sites are photoinactive. On the TiO2(011)-(2 × 1) surface, O2 adsorbs only at the double-oxygen vacancy sites, and the resulting O2 species dissociates to form two oxygen atoms to refill in the oxygen vacancies upon heating; CO2 adsorbs at the double-oxygen vacancy sites, but CO does not, and the resulting CO2 species is photoactive; and both CO and CO2 species adsorbed at the surface Ti4+ sites are photoinactive. These results broaden the fundamental understandings of the chemistry and photochemistry of TiO2 surfaces, and the established structure–reactivity relation of small molecules on TiO2 surfaces is useful in probing complex structures of TiO2 powder catalysts.
Non-steady state transport of charge carriers. An approach based on invariant embedding method
Authors: Figueroa C. , Straube B. , Villafuerte M. , Bridoux G. , Ferreyra J. , Vega N. C. , Heluani S. P.
Published: January 2020

In this work, we report on a model that describes the microscopic electrical transport as a transmission problem using the invariant embedding technique. Analytical expressions for the transport coefficients under non-steady-state conditions are derived allowing us to calculate carrier concentration and time-dependent conductivity. Employing measurable magnitudes, our theoretical results allow us to determine defect concentrations, carrier generation rates, cross sections of recombination, and capture by traps. This model can be employed to study the conduction processes of semiconductors and test their band and defect structure. In particular, time-dependent photoconductivity measurements of a ZnO microwire have been well fitted using our model indicating a relevant role of intrinsic point defects in this material.
Ultrastable millimeter-wave kinetic inductance detectors
Authors: Vissers M. R. , Austermann J. E. , Malnou M. , McKenney C. M. , Dober B. , Hubmayr J. , Hilton G. C. , Ullom J. N. , Gao J.
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) whose sensitivity is limited by photon noise at signal frequencies as low as 50 mHz. The subhertz part of the detection spectrum is important for contemporary millimeter-wave science, yet photon noise below 1 Hz in MKIDs has not previously been unambiguously demonstrated. These feedhorn-coupled detectors are sensitive over a 40% fractional bandwidth centered on λ = 2 mm, are dual-polarization-sensitive, and consist of lumped-element superconducting resonators fabricated from a hybrid of stoichiometric TiN and Al films together with an amorphous-Si passivation layer. When observing a 7 K, 3.8 pW thermal load and employing no signal modulation scheme, the measured noise spectrum is white down to 50 mHz and has an amplitude consistent with photon noise. These results have implications for the development of large-format, polarization-sensitive, millimeter-wave imagers.
Implementation of three-qubit quantum computation with pendular states of polar molecules by optimal control
Authors: Zhang Zuo-Yuan , Liu Jin-Ming , Hu Zhengfeng , Wang Yuzhu
Published: January 2020

Ultracold polar molecules have been considered as the possible candidates for quantum information processing due to their long coherence time and strong dipole-dipole interaction. In this paper, we consider three coupled polar molecules arranged in a linear chain and trapped in an electric field with gradient. By employing the pendular states of polar molecules as qubits, we successfully realize three-qubit quantum gates and quantum algorithms via the multi-target optimal control theory. Explicitly speaking, through the designs of the optimal laser pulses with multiple iterations, the triqubit Toffoli gate, the triqubit quantum adders, and the triqubit quantum Fourier transform can be achieved in only one operational step with high fidelities and large transition probabilities. Moreover, by combining the optimized Hadamard, oracle, and diffusion gate pulses, we simulate the Grover algorithm in the three-dipole system and show that the algorithm can perform well for search problems. In addition, the behaviors of the fidelity and the average transition probability with respect to iteration numbers are compared and analyzed for each gate pulse. Our findings could pave the way toward scalability for molecular quantum computing based on the pendular states and could be extended to implement multi-particle gate operation in the molecular system.
Transient chimera-like states for forced oscillators
Authors: Dudkowski Dawid , Wojewoda Jerzy , Czołczyński Krzysztof , Kapitaniak Tomasz
Published: January 2020

Chimera states occur widely in networks of identical oscillators as has been shown in the recent extensive theoretical and experimental research. In such a state, different groups of oscillators can exhibit coexisting synchronous and incoherent behaviors despite homogeneous coupling. Here, we consider a star network, in which N identical peripheral end nodes are connected to the central hub node. We find that if a single node exhibits transient chaotic behavior in the whole network, the pattern of transient chimeralike state, which persists for a significant amount of time, is created. As a proof of the concept, we examine the system of N double pendula (peripheral end nodes) located on the periodically oscillating platform (central hub). We show that such transient chimeralike states can be observed in simple experiments with mechanical oscillators, which are controlled by elementary dynamical equations. Our finding suggests that transient chimeralike states are observable in networks relevant to various real-world systems.
Cooperative smart TiO2 photocatalysis and TEMPO catalysis: Visible light-mediated selective aerobic oxidation of amines
Authors: Li Xia , Lang Xianjun
Published: January 2020

Here, we report a highly efficient cooperative photocatalytic system for the selective oxidation of amines with air. The visible light-assisted adsorption of amines gives rise to a visible light complex on TiO2 that can be self-repaired to safeguard smart photocatalysis. Smart TiO2 photocatalysis works cooperatively with TEMPO catalysis that can perform the visible light-mediated selective oxidation of amines in a swift and recyclable manner. This discovery provides an alternative for addressing environmental challenges by reducing pollutants at the source for oxidative chemical reactions.
Numerical simulations provide details on the ventilation mechanism of termite mounds
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: January 2020

A study examines air circulations within termite mound chimneys to understand respiratory gas-exchange.
Successive in vivo embryo production in Santa Inês sheep
Authors: Pinto Pedro Henrique Nicolau , Balaro Mario Felipe Alvarez , Saraiva Helena Fabiana Reis de Almeida , Brair Viviane Lopes , Alfradique Vivian Angélico Pereira , Côrtes Luana Rangel , Cosentino Isabel Oliveira , Souza-Fabjan Joanna Maria Gonçalves , Fonseca Jeferson Ferreira da , Brandão Felipe Zandonadi
Published: January 2020

Context In vivo embryo production, also called multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, can accelerate genetic gain, and thus improve animal production. However, there are issues limiting a wider use of this biotechnology in sheep livestock. Aims This study aimed to determine (1) whether a previous response to superovulation (SOV) can be used as a criterion to select ewes for in vivo embryo production, (2) whether the intensity of the SOV response (number of corpora lutea, CL) can affect the embryo recovery rate, and (3) whether the number of CL quantified by colour Doppler ultrasonography can be used to calculate the recovery rate. Methods Twenty-five Santa Inês ewes underwent SOV three times (SOV1, SOV2 and SOV3), with 200 mg FSH and natural mating. The number of CL after each SOV was determined by laparoscopy and by colour Doppler ultrasonography. Key results The number of CL significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after SOV1 (7.5 ± 4.8) to 3.0 ± 5.0 at SOV 2 and 2.2 ± 3.5 at SOV3. Strong correlations were observed between SOV2 and SOV3 in terms of numbers of CL (r = 0.86, r2 = 0.74; P < 0.0001) and viable embryos (r = 0.79, r2 = 0.63; P < 00001). However, no correlations were observed between SOV1 and SOV2 or between SOV1 and SOV3. Recovery rate did not differ with the intensity of the SOV response (≤6, 7–10, >10 CL) or between the methods used to quantify CL. Conclusions Ewes did not show the same pattern of response when submitted to successive FSH-based SOV. The intensity of the SOV response did not affect the recovery rate, and the number of CL estimated by colour Doppler ultrasonography can be used to calculate the recovery rate. Implications Selecting sheep embryo donors by a previous SOV response is not always feasible. The recovery rate is homogeneous and it is not affected by the intensity of the SOV response. A nonsurgical technique can be used to assess the recovery rate, improving animal welfare in MOET programs.
Enhanced Activity in the Tosylation of Tolanophanes via Supramolecular HgCl2 Recognition
Authors: Rastgar Saeed , Darabi Hossein Reza , Sobhani Leila , Aghapoor Kioumars , Firouzi Rohoullah , Mohsenzadeh Farshid , Yaghobi Hamed , Jafary Farshad
Published: January 2020

The ‘self-activation’ of host molecules via the incorporation of a guest has received considerable attention in supramolecular catalysis. Here, we demonstrate how HgCl2 effects the tosylation rate of tolanophanes (1a–c: n=2−4) with different alkyl chain lengths. Among these substrates, 1a has the highest strain in sp carbons and, therefore, is active even without assistance of HgCl2. In contrast, 1c is inert and needs to be activated in the presence of HgCl2. Therefore, the averaged reaction rate is in the following order: 1c>1b>1a, confirming the role of the supramolecular cavity of 1 over the strain of alkyne bonds. Ab initio calculations are consistent with the experimentally derived reactivity, supporting our size-fitting hypothesis. In contrast, acyclic analogues showed lower activity in the presence of HgCl2 to confirm the effect of the ring cavity. To gain more information, the HgCl2 complexation of 1b was examined by using 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies. All products 5 are new and well characterized. The hydration of isomeric mixtures of 5b,c gave the corresponding single products 4b,c.
Requirement for epithelial p38α in KRAS-driven lung tumor progression
Authors: Vitos-Faleato Jessica , Real Sebastián M. , Gutierrez-Prat Nuria , Villanueva Alberto , Llonch Elisabet , Drosten Matthias , Barbacid Mariano , Nebreda Angel R.
Published: January 2020

Significance

Nearly half of the cases of lung cancer bear mutations in the RAS pathway. Unfortunately, no specific drugs are available to successfully target many RAS-driven tumors that are not surgically resectable. Despite the sound rationale for targeting oncogene products for cancer therapeutics, this often leads to development of resistance. As an alternative, nononcogenic proteins can sometimes facilitate tumor progression, and, even though they are neither mutated nor overexpressed in the malignant cells, they may represent potential targets for anticancer therapies. We have found that nononcogenic signaling through p38α plays a tumor-promoting function in lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells by inducing the expression of TIMP-1, a growth factor-like protein. We propose that p38α inhibition could be therapeutically useful.
Iterative addition of finite Larmor radius effects to finite element models using wavelet decomposition
Authors: Vallejos P , Johnson T , Ragona R , Eester D Van , Zaar B , Hellsten T
Published: January 2020

Modeling the propagation and damping of electromagnetic waves in a hot magnetized plasma is difficult due to spatial dispersion. In such media, the dielectric response becomes non-local and the wave equation an integro-differential equation. In the application of RF heating and current drive in tokamak plasmas, the finite Larmor radius (FLR) causes spatial dispersion, which gives rise to physical phenomena such as higher harmonic ion cyclotron damping and mode conversion to electrostatic waves. In this paper, a new numerical method based on an iterative wavelet finite element scheme is presented, which is suitable for adding non-local effects to the wave equation by iterations. To verify the method, we apply it to a case of one-dimensional fast wave heating at the second harmonic ion cyclotron resonance, and study mode conversion to ion Bernstein waves (IBW) in a toroidal plasma. Comparison with a local (truncated FLR) model showed good agreement in general. The observed difference is in the damping of the IBW, where the proposed method predicts stronger damping on the IBW.
The emission of energetic electrons from the complex streamer corona adjacent to leader stepping
Authors: Köhn Christoph , Chanrion Olivier , Nishikawa Kenichi , Babich Leonid , Neubert Torsten
Published: January 2020

We here propose to model the production of energetic electrons serving as a source of x-rays and γ-rays, associated to electric discharges in preionized and perturbed air. During its stepping, the leader tip is accompanied by a corona consisting of multitudinous streamers perturbing the air in its vicinity and leaving residual charge behind. We explore the relative importance of air perturbations and preionization on the production of energetic runaway electrons by 2.5D cylindrical Monte Carlo particle simulations of streamers in ambient fields of 16 and 50 kV cm−1 at ground. We explore preionization levels between 1010 and 1013 m−3, channel widths between 0.5 and 1.5 times the original streamer widths and air perturbation levels between 0% and 50% of ambient air. We observe that streamers in preionized and perturbed air accelerate more efficiently than in non-ionized and uniform air with air perturbation dominating the streamer acceleration. We find that in unperturbed air and in fields above breakdown strength preionization levels of 1011 m−3 are sufficient to explain significant runaway electron rates. In perturbed air, the production rate of runaway electrons varies from 1010 to 1017 s−1 with maximum electron energies from some hundreds of eV up to some hundreds of keV in fields above and below the breakdown strength with only a marginal effect of the channel radius. Conclusively, the complexity of the streamer zone ahead of leader tips allows explaining the emission of energetic electrons and photons from streamer discharges in fields below and above the breakdown magnitudes.
Entanglement-assisted tunneling dynamics of impurities in a double well immersed in a bath of lattice trapped bosons
Authors: Theel Friethjof , Keiler Kevin , Mistakidis Simeon I , Schmelcher Peter
Published: January 2020

We unravel the correlated tunneling dynamics of an impurity trapped in a double well and interacting repulsively with a majority species of lattice trapped bosons. Upon quenching the tilt of the double well it is found that the quench-induced tunneling dynamics depends crucially on the interspecies interaction strength and the presence of entanglement inherent in the system. In particular, for weak couplings the impurity performs a rather irregular tunneling process in the double well. Increasing the interspecies coupling it is possible to control the response of the impurity which undergoes a delayed tunneling while the majority species effectively acts as a material barrier. For very strong interspecies interaction strengths the impurity exhibits a self-trapping behavior. We showcase that a similar tunneling dynamics takes place for two weakly interacting impurities and identify its underlying transport mechanisms in terms of pair and single-particle tunneling processes.
Accelerated weathering studies of bioepoxy/ionic liquid blends: influence on physical, thermo-mechanical, morphology and surface properties
Authors: Pulikkalparambil Harikrishnan , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Krishnasamy Senthilkumar , Radoor Sabarish , Hameed Nishar , Siengchin Suchart , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar
Published: January 2020

Ionic liquids are promising candidates with huge potential in combination with thermosetting polymers. However, the behavior of ionic liquid modified epoxy system towards outdoor environmental conditions are seldom reported. Therefore, it is interesting to study the effect of accelerated weathering on ionic liquid modified bioepoxy blends. In this work, bio-based epoxy resin and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM[Cl]) ionic liquid blends were prepared by melt mixing method. The concentration of ionic liquid used was 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 phr. The miscibility, morphology, thermo-mechanical, and surface hydrophilicity of the ionic liquid modified bioepoxy blends were studied before and after the accelerated weathering test. The miscibility of the blends was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR results demonstrate the presence of charge transfer complexation reaction between ionic liquid and bioepoxy resin. The tensile strength and modulus were reduced while the elongation at break is increased with the addition of ionic liquid. On the other hand, the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the bioepoxy blends were reduced with the addition of ionic liquid. The contact angle value increases with the incorporation of up to 10 phr ionic liquid, this is followed by a decrease. The interaction between the ionic liquid and bioepoxy resin has vanished after the weathering test. The elongation at break was reduced dramatically after the weathering test, especially for 20 and 30 phr blends. The thermal stability of the weathered samples is similar to that of the samples before weathering. While the T

g
values of the blends are stable with respect to neat bioepoxy resin. On the other hand, the contact angle value of the bioepoxy blends increased after the weathering test due to the increased surface roughness after weathering.
Topological analysis of pattern formation in cooling granular gases confined by elastic wall
Authors: Yano Ryosuke , Kim Minkyu
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we investigate the topological characteristics of the pattern formation in the cooling granular gases confined by the elastic wall. The persistent homology and Voronoi’s analysis and its derivative analyses are applied to accomplish our aim. The growth of the pattern formation can be identified by the switch between the logarithmic concave and logarithmic convex in the life-span-distribution obtained using the persistence diagram. Furthermore, three phases are identified by the zeroth or first order Betti number, when a form of the wall is the square. Finally, the characteristics of the coordination of granular particles condensing around the elastic wall are investigated by the Voronoi’s analysis, bond-angle analysis, and polyhedral template matching. We confirm that some clusters of the granular particles condensing around the elastic spherical-wall certainly attribute to their crystallization categorized as the typical coordination.
Benchmark solutions of the stabilized computations of flows of fluids governed by the Rolie-Poly constitutive model
Authors: Abuga J G , Chinyoka T
Published: January 2020

Recent studies demonstrate that flow induced non-uniformities of concentration can trigger shear banding in the flow of certain viscoelastic fluids. These studies show that the driving mechanisms for such shear banding are related to the coupling of the polymer stresses to an inhomogeneous concentration profile. The Rolie-Poly (RP) viscoelastic constitutive model has been used in such studies since it has been comprehensively subjected to extensive experimental validation with regards to shear banding and has the demonstrated ability to accurately express the rheology of polymer solutions for a wide range of strain rates. The primary aim of this work is to develop an efficient computational methodology that could be used to accurately simulate the flow of complex fluids governed by the Rolie-Poly constitutive equation. The development of such a computational platform is crucially important for the purposes of our follow up studies on the computational analysis of shear banding phenomena by coupling polymer stress with inhomogeneous concentration profile. Our numerical algorithms will be based on the finite volume method (FVM) and will be implemented on the open source software package OpenFOAM®. In this paper, we will present both validation results as well as new benchmark results from our FVM based OpenFOAM® numerical solver for flow of fluids governed by the Rolie-Poly constitutive model. We use two well-known benchmark problems, the lid-driven cavity flow and the 4:1 planar contraction flow problems. In order to stabilize the numerical algorithm at high Weissenberg numbers, we employ either of two stabilization techniques; the Discrete Elastic Viscous Stress Splitting (DEVSS) technique as well as the Log-Conformation Reformulation (LCR) methodology. Validation of our results is done by comparing our (stabilized) numerical results, against data from existing literature. The numerical results obtained for the contraction flow using the LCR stabilization approach are in good agreement with the existing literature for a wider range of Weissenberg numbers. The DEVSS method shows a good agreement only for lower Weissenberg numbers. For the lid-driven cavity flow, good agreement with the existing literature is observed for low Weissenberg numbers using either of the two stabilization techniques.