bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relations between Russia and the European Union in the context of modern transformation of the World Order: Issues of studying and teaching
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Romanova Tatiana
Published: August 2024

Studies of EU-Russian relations faced substantial problems in 2022. Deep crisis of the world order caused a collision of Russia and the West, and weakened EU-Russian relations. In this context, the goal of the article is to open a discussion on why and how to research and teach EU-Russian relations and European studies at present. Firstly, the article describes four models of how science interacts with policy, stressing the priority of the fourth model, that is co-production of science and policy. On the one hand, this model is based on social developments and responds to the needs of the state and society. On the other hand, it identifies social problems and their plausible solutions, defines new paradigms that shape the “feasible” and “appropriate” in the policy. Next the article formulates six thematic blocs, which will allow today’s studies of EU-Russian relations to meet the demands of the co-production model These are analysis of EU-Russian relations in 1992–2022; accepting that politics and security dominate over economic logics at present; modelling a new security system that will inevi-tably incorporate the EU and Russia at the global, regional and national levels, and will thus demand their dialogue; studying the potential and parameters of mutual sanctions (restrictive measures), as well as the influence of these measures on both actors and their relations; modelling the future of EU-Russian relations (in particular, economic ones); as well as identifying the EU’s evolution, which might also be useful for the Eurasian integration. At the same time, the co-production model faces serious practical challenges for scholars and lecturers. Among them are identity conflict, terminological discrepancies, access to primary sources and literature, and limited internationalization of scientific debates (at least when it comes to the interaction between Russian and Western participants). Overcoming these procedural difficulties will create preconditions for the co-production model in the studies of EU-Russian relations. The author sees the article as an invitation to further discussion among scholars and lecturers.
Reorientation of trade between the European Union and the Russian Federation under sanctions
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Isachenko Tatyana ,   Russian Foreign Trade Academy Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation, Medvedkova Irina ,   Russian Foreign Trade Academy Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation,   HSE University
Published: August 2024

The issue of the sustainability of the Russian economy, which is under unprecedential geopolitical pressure, is one of the main and most sensitive in the modern agenda of both Russian and foreign scientific research. The task of identifying the effects and effectiveness of trade restrictive measures faces scientists on both sides of the confrontation. Some need to demonstrate the achieved effect, others need to be convinced of adequate containment and overcoming. Solving this problem is accompanied by a search for new channels of foreign economic relations, both in trade and in the investment, which inevitably raises questions about the possibilities of reorienting Russian foreign trade, which for many years was focused on the EU as the main supplier of material and intangible resources. Since February 2022, the European Union has developed and introduced a significant number of large-scale trade restrictive measures. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of trade restrictions of EU member states on trade with Russia from the point of view of reorienting European trade flows to other countries in the context of circumventing sanctions and identifying product items for which trade substitution and reorientation to other markets is possible. To achieve this goal, a methodology has been developed and proposed for identifying those product items for which such substitution has not occurred and a certain dependence of European countries on Russian supplies still remains, which means that retaliatory restrictive measures can be applied to these items. The analysis made it possible to identify a significant change in trade flows from EU member countries, replacement of trade due to reorientation to other neutral countries, as well as groups of goods that currently could not be replaced.
Foreign direct investment from Japan, South Korea and China in the Czech Republic: A comparative analysis
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Volgina Natalia
Published: August 2024

Multinational companies from Japan, South Korea and China began to actively penetrate Czech market starting from the mid-1990s. By 2021, Japan was the leader in terms of foreign direct investment stock in the Czech Republic ($ 4.7 billion), followed by South Korea ($ 3.4 billion); and China ($ 760 million). The methodological basis of the paper is Dunning’s eclectic paradigm, which makes it possible to explain foreign investment activities from the point of view of the simultaneous availability in these processes of ownership, location and internalization advantages. As a result of a comparative analysis, the author comes to the following conclusions. In the processes of activity of foreign affiliates of Asian companies in the Czech Republic (as part of the implementation of existing ownership advantages), the following features were identified: concentration on the main field of activity of the parent company; concentration of activity in those industries that are most developed in the Czech Republic (industry agglomeration effect); clustering of affiliates around the leading company and main activity; diversification of the activities of foreign affiliates by supplementing the main activities of the parent company with the activities in related sectors. To explain the weak presence of Chinese MNCs in the Czech market and the more deep activity of South Korean and Japanese MNCs, a “wedge-shaped” foreign market entry was proposed; it is based on the idea of internalization advantages of. The leading company represents a spearhead of the “wedge-shaped” foreign market entry. A large MNC possesses powerful and well-developed ownership advantages. It is the first to enter foreign market in the sector that is main one for its activity in the national market; and it is followed by foreign affiliates operating in the main and related sectors in a kind of expanding “wedge”. It is the penetration that enables MNCs to gain a foothold in the market, leveraging both ownership, location and internalization advantages.
Regional food markets of the Western borderlands of Russia: adaptation to integration and disintegration processes
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Morachevskaya Kira A. , Sebentsov Alexander B. ,   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuzavko Anton S. ,   Smolensk State University, Kalinovskiy Leonid V. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: August 2024

The paper reveals the mechanisms of adaptation of food markets in the western borderland of Russia to the integration and disintegration processes that have been taking place on the external and internal borders of the Eurasian Economic Union since 2014. Using the example of the Kaliningrad and Smolensk oblasts, the authors identified changes in the regional food base under conditions of active import substitution, assessed the changes in food preferences of the population, as well as the role of cross-border practices in meeting the population's food needs. Based on the analysis of regional and federal statistics and field research, it was possible to establish that against the background of active investment in agriculture and food production there were three parallel processes: the spatial contraction of agricultural production, the expansion of its production capacity by large agricultural holdings in strictly defined areas (around regional capitals and important transport routes), and the expansion of holdings in selected peripheral areas with the lowest land value. Despite the commonality of the processes, the performance in agriculture and food production and activity in obtaining state support in Smolensk and Kaliningrad oblasts are radically different. Visual inspection of retail outlets, discourse analysis and representative surveys of the population allowed us to conclude that import substitution only partially allowed to provide raw materials and final products to regional food markets in both regions, since most holdings are oriented to meet the demand in high-margin markets inside and outside the country. Food markets in border regions are characterized, on the one hand, by greater vulnerability to integration and disintegration processes, and, on the other hand, by the variability of choice and opportunities for cross-border shopping trips. However, empirical data obtained by sociological methods show that the widespread perceptions of high cross-border mobility of the population of border regions are highly overestimated. The populations of Smolensk and Kaliningrad oblasts are similar in the level of mobility and conservatism with regard to shopping for goods of specific manufacturers of a suitable price segment. The “network” (through intermediaries) penetration of “sanctioned” goods in the Kaliningrad oblast covered a much larger share of the population than that which directly traveled abroad for shopping, so the adaptation of the population to external challenges to the food market was more noticeable.
South Korean shipbuilding centers’ spatial dynamics
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chernetskii Fedor M. ,   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2024

The Republic of Korea has been a leading player in the global shipbuilding market since the 1980s, surpassing European and Japanese competitors. The shipbuilding accounts for 3–9% of the country's exports and employment in manufacturing. The scale of Korean shipbuilding provides internal diversity that allows us to trace the industry’s spatial dynamics through the prism of various development trajectories of different centers, depending on their internal characteristics. The purpose of this study is to identify development features of different Korean shipbuilding centers and their groups. To this end, industrial statistics by regions and municipalities, information from shipbuilding companies and regulatory authorities are used. It is presumed that the shipbuilding centers’ development paths mainly depend on the size and diversification level of companies and manufacturing within them, what determine their ability to overcome regular cycles in shipbuilding industry. During each upswing in the industry, new companies and shipyards emerge, capitalizing on the growing market. Regular crises lead to the bankruptcy of and absorption by the least competitive manufacturers. Small specialized centers are most affected by fluctuations due to changes in the global markets. Local small shipbuilders unable to maintain production and employment during the next industry downturn. This group also include young centers outside of industrial regions that have traditionally specialized in shipbuilding, where production costs are too high. A group of major centers — shipyards belonging to multi-profile industrial conglomerates with greater stability and significance to the country's economy than small specialized firms, which guarantees them abundant government support, — are almost ensured from the consequences of industry downturns. The most stable group are centers with a well-developed manufacturing industry, where shipbuilding is present only as one of many industries, and the shipbuilding specialization lies in the production of components for neighboring major centers.
Fear, disgust, laughter. Forms of grotesque in D. Wong’s novel
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Vasilev Mikhail F.
Published: August 2024

In contemporary scientific paradigm, horror literature is often interpreted on the basis of disgust and/or abjection, mainly due to the influential works by J. Kristeva and N. Carroll, inspired by M. Douglas. However, phenomenological approach as well as cognitive studies clearly show the fundamental difference between fear and disgust. The three theorists’ common understanding of disgust as a categorical anomaly has much in common with a wider concept of grotesque. Drawing on the works by M. M. Bakhtin, A. Kolnai and S. Asma it is possible to demonstrate how grotesque images can induce not only disgust, but fear and laughter as well as more ambiguous reaction, for grotesque images are, in full accord with Bakhtin’s carnivalesque poetics, deeply ambivalent. To illustrate the point, the article draws on works by David Wong (pen-name of J. Pargin), the postmodern horror writer well-known for his propensity for mixing horrible and comic in bold proportion. Wong freely uses the poetics of grotesque realism, yet does not shy to demonstrate that in some cases no amount of denigration can utterly vanquish horror, and that a cosmically grotesque body can remain sublime despite every possible accent on its lowest anatomical aspects. Examination of various unfinished and becoming bodies in Wong’s novel demonstrates that grotesque is a versatile tool for rather different ends, from farcical comedy to existential dread and diverse transitory forms. Thus we may conclude that grotesque hybridity suffuses horror not only on thematic and structural levels, but on pragmatic as well, pertaining to the sphere of emotional responses.
The artifact reading experience: “Pushkin notebook” by Alexei Remizov
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Obatnina Elena R.
Published: August 2024

The article actualizes the range of problems of phenomenology of the text in relation to such specific objects of the creative heritage of A. M. Remizov as his albums. Based on the basic provisions of semiotic analysis, the author of the article proposes to investigate the Remizov’s artifact in the field of scientific concepts was formulated by Y. M. Lotman and R. Barth — in relation to the myth of the modern times. For the first time the article introduces a complete description of the insufficiently researched archive document of the so-called “pushkin notebook”. Fragments of this artifact — are printed other people’s texts. The dominant topic is directly or indirectly related to the name “Pushkin” and the development of the Pushkin myth. Optional topics is connected to the Remizov’s role as an actor of cultural process of 20th century. To detect the projection of textual and iconographic artifact fragments on hidden episodes, the authoruses the term “after-text”, meaning the domain of biographical and cultural connotations. The aim is to verify the productivity of reading of the author’s artistic composition as the sign system. As a result, the Remisov’s idea of “pushkin notebook” as a “monument” of culture was restored. There was revealed the principle of the organization of artifact’s “text” by analogy with the models of Remisov’s cultural chronicles of the beginning 1920s and 1930s. The structural-semiotic approach to verbal and iconic artifact fragments, as well as the using of archeographic description to reveal the author’s reflection provides a new perspective on the phenomenon of Pushkin myth in the paradigm of the literary reception of the 20th century.
Doubling matter (notes on architectural motifs in the lyrics of F. I. Tyutchev)
Authors: Nepomniashchii Igor B.
Published: August 2024

The paper focuses on the range of lyrical works by F. I. Tyutchev, which involve architectural images and motifs. Tyutchev’s interest in these motifs and images — from the “ruins of Ilion” to the “Tsarskoe Selo palaces” and Moscow churches — has been observed for more than half a century. Tyutchev’s poems discussed in the paper are studied taking into account their connections with the “architectural” poetry of their predecessors. First of all, the connections with G. R. Derzhavin and P. A. Vyazemsky are traced. Among the heirs of this tradition, the author singles out O. E. Mandelstam. A special place in the work is given to the comparison of architectural images and motifs in Tyutchev’s lyrics with those of A. S. Pushkin, possible Pushkin sources of a number of Tyutchev’s works are found. The author’s special attention is devoted to a group of poems (“Dream at Sea”, “Morning in the Mountains”, “Unexpectedly and Brightly...”), in which the presence of architectural images is involved in solving completely different lyrical and philosophical issues that are not related to direct poet’s impressions from works of architectural art. The specific Tyutchev’s distrust towards the plastic arts (architecture, sculpture), in contrast to the poet’s always benevolent attention to music, is associated with the most profound, fundamental features of Tyutchev’s personality and worldview. The author argues that the distrust of the plastic arts is caused by the poet’s more general skeptical attitude towards the objects of the man-made world (in this respect, Tyutchev is close to N. V. Gogol).
A comparative study of the electoral rhetoric of extreme right-wing parties in Germany and Russia
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bulatov Mansur R.
Published: August 2024

This article compares the electoral rhetoric of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) and the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) parties through the prism of the level of antagonization and the parties’ point of view on topical social issues. Discourse analysis is conducted using discourse frames and blocks, allowing formalizing the comparison between texts in different languages. The sample is based on party videos published online in April — May 2021 in the run-up to the upcoming federal elections in both countries. The LDPR uses more antagonistic rhetoric, especially against Western countries and Ukraine. The AfD uses we to unite its electorate, seeing the German and European establishment as its opponents, as well as organizations with an international agenda, including the Greens and the Antifa movement. Both parties raise important social issues such as immigration, digitalization, political freedoms, and national identity, but differences in emphasis emerge. The AfD is more likely to raise issues of economic freedom for business and the defense of German burgher culture against the leftist agenda, while the LDPR is focused on supporting Russian foreign policy and Russian culture against Western globalism. The authors also emphasize that modern far-right parties support democratic principles. Nationalism remains central to far-right ideology, but it is drifting towards democracy under the influence of sociocultural processes. The study aims to improve understanding of the dynamics of far-right political discourse in Germany and Russia. The theoretical developments allow us to expand the application of discourse analysis of political rhetoric.
The use of digital public services as a factor of social well-being
Authors:   ITMO University, Vidiasova Lyudmila А.
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the trend of digitalization of society has led researchers to think about the possible relationship of factors connecting the penetration of information technologies and such social aspects as the quality of life of the population, residents’ satisfaction with the urban environment, and social well-being. The article presents the results of a representative sociological study of the needs for digital services among residents of St. Petersburg, as well as the relationship between satisfaction from using services and the level of social well-being. In St. Petersburg, the priority project “Ecosystem of City Services ‘Digital Petersburg’” is being implemented, which is a model for providing digital services by locating city services in one place. Satisfaction with the lives of citizens is the ultimate goal of the project, and this category is closely related to the subjective judgments of residents who come into contact with everyday practices through an emotional background. The study was conducted using an online survey of 500 city residents, a sample representative of the gender and age of respondents. According to the results of the study, a relationship was identified between the use of digital services and indicators of the social well-being of the population. Among city residents, those who highly value the convenience of digital services demonstrate greater life satisfaction. According to the survey, the social well-being of citizens is influenced by confidence in their own IT skills, a high assessment of the convenience of digital services, trust in interaction with authorities online, and an assessment of the effectiveness of services. The author sees the development of a methodology for multifactorial assessment of social well-being, including the use of data from social media and other open sources, as future research tasks.
Transformation of the role of libraries in the Open Science
Authors:   HSE University, Karikh Roman D.
Published: August 2024

Libraries are a leading actor developing the discussion about Open Science in the Russian scientific field in the competition between them, publishers, repositories and scientific institutes. Understanding the vision of the role of libraries in Open Science will help determine the contours of the possible implementation of the concept in Russia. Based on an analysis of the range of relevant sources, the author describes the transformation of the role of libraries in the conditions of Open Science based on the reconstruction of their ideas. To achieve this goal, the article performs a number of tasks, including: identifying the context for the formation of ideas about the role of libraries, identifying the prerequisites for changing the role of libraries, identifying the old and new roles of libraries in Open Science, identifying barriers to the implementation of the new role of libraries in Open Science. It is noted that the interest in Open Science on the part of Russian libraries occurs in accordance with global trends. Open Science for libraries is presented in the Russian scientific field as a challenge caused by the increasingly complex scientific environment. Such challenges encourage libraries to redefine their place in the information ecosystem of the future, and Open Science is a key aspect on the basis of which libraries build their strategic development. The active role of libraries in the development of Open Science is due to synergetic factors. However, the author also notes the observed forced nature of libraries’ participation in the development of Open Science. The author comes to the conclusion that the leadership of libraries in the discussion regarding Open Science in the Russian scientific field is due to more than just competition for the possession of a resource, but has an existential character against the background of the risks of libraries being ousted from the process of scientific communication.
Criminalistic classification of the means of high-tech crimes
Authors:   Altai State University, Polyakov Vitaly V.
Published: August 2024

The formation of high-tech crime is largely based on the use of new means of committing crimes. This circumstance makes the task of constructing a practice-oriented classification of these tools important and relevant. The paper considers classifications for the means of hightech crimes, based on various criteria. The general classification applicable to all groups of high-tech crimes is based on the following criteria: the content of the technical implementation of the funds, the legality of their origin, the contribution of criminals to the development and creation of the means, the elements of the crime method. According to the technical implementation, the means of high-tech crimes are divided into software, hardware and software and hardware. According to the contribution of criminals to the creation, a division was made into ready-made funds modified for criminal purposes and specially designed new ones. Private classifications related to the group of software and hardware tools for committing high-tech crimes are proposed. Energy dependence, mobility and the presence of a network interface and the type of legal authority for the means of crime used were identified as additional practically significant classifying features. The developed classifications are designed to promote the use of more effective technical forensic and tactical forensic techniques in the investigation of high-tech crimes.
The judicialization of politics as a significant phenomenon of global development: Russia’s experience
Authors:   North-Western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Ochered’ko Viktor P. , Malyshev Evgenii A. ,   North-Western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Ochered’ko Oleg V. ,   North-Western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice
Published: August 2024

The article explores how the courts’ role has transformed in both the state system and society due to their expansion beyond their traditionally defined jurisdiction and the juridification of public relations. It is shown that this phenomenon is common at both the domestic and supranational levels. It takes into account the historical, political, legal, religious, and other unique characteristics of each country. The example of the Russian Federation is utilized to determine the potential for the advancement of judicial power in the context of the society’s juridification, as individuals are progressively inclined to view themselves and others as legal subjects. Through the use of statistical data, the process of broadening the scope of judicial activities is illustrated. The author has proposed a definition for the term “judicialization”. The process of judicialization was considered through both the decisions of state power and the initiatives of society. The approaches of Russian and foreign researchers in assessing the phenomenon of strengthening the role of the courts are analyzed. The contradictions that arise from the conditions under which the judiciary operates, while limiting state arbitrariness as part of the state mechanism, have been brought to light. It has been shown that the judiciary is perceived as a specialized institutional system rather than an independent branch of power and reforming the role and significance of the judiciary in the advancement of Russia has become a crucial requirement. The conclusion was drawn that the judicialization of politics is a noteworthy phenomenon in the evolution of the political and legal sphere globally, which demonstrates the judiciary’s novel role and significance in society.
Transitional phenomena in the adverbialization of nouns
Authors: Haiyan Zhou
Published: August 2024

An important part of the system of Russian adverbs constitutes adverbs motivated by non-prepositional and prepositional case forms of nouns, which can be divided into three types regarding the planes of expression and content. The first type includes adverbs motivated by non-prepositionalforms of nouns, e. g., весной. The second type comprises adverbs motivated by prepositional case forms of nouns, such as наверху. The third type is adverbs formed from combinations of different case forms of the same noun, such as изо дня в день. All these types have a stepwise character in the process of adverbalization. The study shows that adverbialization of nouns is closely related to lexicalization, but the degree and ways of lexicalisation for noun word forms are different. The transitivity scale clearly represents the process of separation from the noun and approaching the adverbalization. In addition, in the process of lexicalisation, there is also a process of grammaticalization, which is reflected in morphological, semantic, and syntactic aspects.
Historical changes in the peripheral types of substantive declension, reflected in the Old Russian chronograph The Hellenic and Roman Chronicle
Authors: Donina Lyudmila N.
Published: August 2024

In this article, we present grammatical forms of peripheral types of substantive declension, observed on the material of the largest Old Russian chronograph of the 15th c. — The Hellenic and Roman Chronicle of the 2nd recension. Thematic diversity and vastness of the text provide a lexical wealth of material: approx. 4,500 nouns in 35,000 uses. This seems particularly significant when studying peripheral declension types. Thus, in the text, almost all the words belonging to the declension in *-es are marked, and in all case-numerical forms. The genre specificity of The Hellenic and Roman Chronicle presents such lexemes in the contexts diverse in content and structure. This highlights the beginnings of a stylistic differentiation of grammatical forms that sometimes accompanies their historical changes, as well as semantic support for grammatical and phonetic reasons for the disappearance of the old declension types. For example, the analysis of the thematic group of the names of the cubs recorded in The Hellenic and Roman Chronicle has confirmed that the destruction of the declension type with the ancient base in *-ęt was promoted by the small number of the lexemes included in it, formed also by the word-formation variability of the meaning ‘non-adulthood.’ The text is a compilation of large and small fragments from a variety of sources dating 10th–15th c. They retain in most cases the morphological forms of the texts used, so the language of the Chronicle reveals different grammatical variants at different times. A study of nouns on the material of The Hellenic and Roman Chronicle helps, in particular, in stating that before the distribution of nouns according to productive types of declension, there was an opposition of singular and plural forms in them. One such mechanism of opposition, particularly for the ancient consonantal declension, was the long retention of the two types of base.
IMPACTO DE LA INTENSIDAD DE PASTOREO EN EL VIGOR Y PESO DEFestuca humilior (NEES Y MEYEN) Y Calamagrostis vicunarum (WEDDELL)
Authors: Tito Edson E. , Aguirre Lucrecia , Flores Enrique R.
Published: August 2024

The tussock grasslands of Festuca humilior (Nees & Meyen) and Calamagrostis vicunarum (Weddell) have a significant extension in the Central Andes and are considered a recognized vegetation association for its ecological-economic value. The objective of this research was to estimate the cumulative impact of the level of use of the key grasses F. humilior and C. vicunarum on height, vigor and weight of the plant. The study was carried out in a humid grassland of regular condition located 4 186 masl in the Puna ecoregion. The variables evaluated were: plant height, basal and canopy diameter and plant weight. The experiment lasted two years during which individual plants of each species were cut every four months. The vigor was estimated from the volume (cm3) and the weight of the plant (gMS/plant) from the regression of the weight and the volume of the plant. Height (cm) was the length from the soil surface to the flag leaf. The experimental design was a randomized block design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement, two species and three height removal levels: zero, 40 and 80%. The height, vigor and weight of F. humilior and 1 vicunarum were reduced in response to increasing use level, but the changes were more marked in Festuca than in Calamagrostis. While the decrease in the evaluated variables was constant for F. humilior as the level of use increased, Calamagrostis also decreased, but to a lesser extent, remaining almost constant when biomass removal levels changed from moderate to heavy, suggesting that this species is more grazing tolerant. The results found help to explain why in fields dominated by F. humilior and sub-dominated by C. vicunarum subjected to intense grazing, dominance relationships change in favor of C. vicunarum, a species of lower forage value than F. humilior.
Urgensi Pembentukan Hukum Penggunaan Algoritma Rekomendasi Dalam Menciptakan Persaingan Usaha Sehat di Ranah PMSE
Authors: Akbareldi Alfian , Widhiyanti Hanif Nur , Wibowo Afrizal Mukti
Published: August 2024

This writing is motivated by the existence of a legal vacuum related to the use of recommendation algorithms in trading through electronic systems (PMSE), coupled with the emergence of various problems related to the use of recommendation algorithms in PMSE which can adversely affect business competition in the PMSE realm and threaten small business actors such as UMKM and local traders in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and identify the urgency of regulating the use of recommendation algorithms in PMSE and formulate the right form of regulation in Indonesian legislation. This legal writing uses normative juridical research methods with a statutory approach and conceptual approach. As for the results of this study, first, the realization of the regulation of the use of recommendation algorithms in PMSE is an urgency due to the regulatory vacuum in this field so that it has the potential to cause legal implications in the form of misuse of algorithms by service providers which can threaten the sustainability of local traders and create a climate of unfair business competition in the realm of PMSE in Indonesia. Second, the appropriate form of regulation on the use of recommendation algorithms in PMSE in terms of the Internet Information Service Algorithm Recommendation Management Regulations is to regulate the limits of use, obligations and prohibitions of service providers, as well as the protection of the rights and interests of its users.
Konstruksi Sanksi bagi Pengusaha yang Tidak Mempekerjakan Pekerja Disabilitas Sesuai Kewajiban Sistem Kuota
Authors: Fitriani Titis , Santoso Budi , H.P. Zora Febriena
Published: August 2024

Indonesia has adopted the quota system which regulates the minimum number of disabled employees recruited by employer, through Article 53 paragraph (2) of Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas. Unfortunately, this regulation has not been effective, evidenced by there are still large number of employers who have not implemented this regulation and the increasing unemployment and the entrepreneurship rate in Indonesia among disabled workers. This allows for inequality of employment opportunities for disabled workers, alongside with their human rights not being protected. Based on these matters, this research raises two research questions, which are (1) what are the implications of the legal vacuum of sanctions for the quota system regulation; and (2) what is the ideal construction of sanctions that can be applied in Indonesia after making comparisons from China and Japan? This research is a normative legal research, with statute, historical, conceptual, and comparative approach. The results of this study are that the legal vacuum condition of sanction for the quota system can create bad precedent for the rule of law visions that Indonesia has, and can lead to a failure to fulfill the principle of labor protection that the labor law has. Furthermore, the sanctions that can be applied are fines/levy and written warnings, with the ULD as the institution authorized to supervise the implementation and impose sanctions, and to support this implementation, technical regulation needs to be issued.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Atas Penggunaan Bank Garansi Bersifat Unconditional Ditinjau Dari Prinsip Kehati-hatian Bank
Authors: Barsta Naufal Amar Atha , Hamidah Siti , Ganindha Ranitya
Published: August 2024

This research is motivated by the incompleteness of the rules for using unconditional bank guarantees as collateral in government procurement projects for goods and services. This incompleteness can be seen from the absence of regulations regarding the mechanism for disbursing unconditional bank guarantee claims in Bank Indonesia Directors' Decree No. 23/88/KEP/DIR concerning Provision of Guarantees by Banks. This research uses a juridical-normative research method with a statutory approach and an analytical approach. The analysis techniques used are grammatical interpretation techniques and systematic interpretation. The research results obtained are (1) There are incomplete regulations regarding the provision of bank guarantees by banks in the Decree of the Directors of Bank Indonesia Number 23/88/KEP/DIR. Current regulations regarding the use of bank guarantees do not meet the bank's prudential principles. This can be seen from the absence of regulations regarding the process of disbursing unconditional bank guarantees, especially in conditions where there are objections from the guaranteed party. Because the disbursement process is very easy, a provision is needed that stipulates that the bank guarantee is unconditional. (2) Regulations related to bank guarantees in the Directors' Decree Number 23/88/KEP/DIR do not provide legal protection for the guaranteed against the use of unconditional bank guarantees which are currently commonly used in government goods/services procurement activities. So it is necessary to update regulations regarding the use of bank guarantees which give banks the authority to verify the veracity of bank guarantee claims and prove the truth of the default stated by the recipient of the guarantee.
Kedudukan Korban Tindak Pidana Dengan Kerugian Dibawah UMP Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak
Authors: Febriyanti Sherly , Aprilianda Nurini , Habsari Hanugrah Titi
Published: August 2024

The provisions of article 9, paragraph (2) of the Criminal Justice System Act stipulate that there are certain conditions in which a different agreement does not require the consent of the victim and/ or the family of the child victim, one of which is when the value of the loss of victim does not exceed the minimum wage of the local province. (UMP). In each province has the size of the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) that is relatively different, then it is necessary to know about the basis of thinking of the formulation of the provisions of Article 9 paragraph (2) letter d and also the justice obtained by the victims under these provisions. The type of research used is a normative jurisprudence with a methodological approach to legislation. (statute approach). It was obtained an answer to the existing problem that based on the analysis carried out, according to the researchers there are some basis of thought that was the reason for the legislation making Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) as a loss parameter in the Child Criminal Justice System Act i.e. First, it is based upon the existence of the Minimum Provincial Wage(UMP) itself; Second, the desire of legislation to expand the possibility of child offenders to obtain diversion; Third, the formulation of Article 9 paragraph (2) letter d, the selection of Provincial minimum wage (UP) is based on priority interests of the child. The provisions of article 9, paragraph (2) letter d of Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Child Criminal Justice System do not give the victim the opportunity to fully engage in the process itself. The child's criminal justice system in the settlement of crimes through the article indirectly seems to give the victim a position only as a witness. Furthermore, the provisions in the article are just impressed to box-up the victim's position that should be the same, either with losses above the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) or below it.
Adaptação e rendimento académico dos estudantes portugueses de Engenharia do primeiro ano do Ensino Superior Politécnico
Authors: De Sousa Monteiro Nouws Sónia Maria , Real Deus Eulogio , Mayo País María Emma , Martínez-López Zeltia , Tinajero Vacas Carolina
Published: August 2024

Vários estudos têm alertado para as dificuldades de adaptação e para um maior abandono nos cursos da área da Engenharia, sobretudo durante o 1.º ano do Ensino Superior (ES). Esta situação revela-se um problema para os(as) estudantes, para as instituições de ensino e para a economia em geral. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo central analisar as diferenças na adaptação ao ES em função do género e do rendimento académico dos(as) estudantes de Engenharia, de forma a contribuir para a identificação de grupos vulneráveis e para a implementação de estratégias de intervenção. Neste estudo, participaram 461 estudantes primeiranistas de Engenharia de uma instituição de ensino superior politécnico público do norte de Portugal, com uma idade média de 17,91 anos; 33,8% eram mulheres e 66,2% eram homens. Para avaliar a adaptação ao ES, empregou-se o Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire e, para avaliar o rendimento académico, foram utilizadas as classificações obtidas nas unidades curriculares do 1.º semestre. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que os(as) estudantes que obtiveram um melhor rendimento também se adaptaram melhor académica e pessoalmente ao ES e que, apesar de o rendimento académico ser similar para ambos os géneros, os homens adaptaram-se melhor a nível académico e pessoal-emocional. Concluiu-se, assim, que as mulheres se encontravam numa situação de maior vulnerabilidade neste contexto de estudos e que poderão beneficiar de programas de orientação para promover a sua adaptação.
Palavras-chave: Adaptação ao ensino superior; Rendimento académico; Estudantes de engenharia; Ensino superior politécnico; Sexo.
Five-Feature Models to Predict Preeclampsia Onset Time From Electronic Health Record Data: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Ballard Hailey K , Yang Xiaotong , Mahadevan Aditya D , Lemas Dominick J , Garmire Lana X
Published: August 2024

Background

 Preeclampsia is a potentially fatal complication during pregnancy, characterized by high blood pressure and the presence of excessive proteins in the urine. Due to its complexity, the prediction of preeclampsia onset is often difficult and inaccurate.

Objective

 This study aimed to create quantitative models to predict the onset gestational age of preeclampsia using electronic health records.

Methods

 We retrospectively collected 1178 preeclamptic pregnancy records from the University of Michigan Health System as the discovery cohort, and 881 records from the University of Florida Health System as the validation cohort. We constructed 2 Cox-proportional hazards models: 1 baseline model using maternal and pregnancy characteristics, and the other full model with additional laboratory findings, vitals, and medications. We built the models using 80% of the discovery data, tested the remaining 20% of the discovery data, and validated with the University of Florida data. We further stratified the patients into high- and low-risk groups for preeclampsia onset risk assessment.

Results

 The baseline model reached Concordance indices of 0.64 and 0.61 in the 20% testing data and the validation data, respectively, while the full model increased these Concordance indices to 0.69 and 0.61, respectively. For preeclampsia diagnosed at 34 weeks, the baseline and full models had area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.65 and 0.70, and AUC values of 0.69 and 0.70 for preeclampsia diagnosed at 37 weeks, respectively. Both models contain 5 selective features, among which the number of fetuses in the pregnancy, hypertension, and parity are shared between the 2 models with similar hazard ratios and significant P values. In the full model, maximum diastolic blood pressure in early pregnancy was the predominant feature.

Conclusions

 Electronic health records data provide useful information to predict the gestational age of preeclampsia onset. Stratification of the cohorts using 5-predictor Cox-proportional hazards models provides clinicians with convenient tools to assess the onset time of preeclampsia in patients.
Crowdfunding for Complementary and Alternative Cancer Treatments in Tijuana, Mexico: Content Analysis
Authors: Snyder Jeremy , Zenone Marco , Grewal Ashmita , Caulfield Timothy
Published: August 2024

Background

Complementary and alternative (CAM) cancer treatment is often expensive and not covered by insurance. As a result, many people turn to crowdfunding to access this treatment.

Objective

The aim of this study is to identify the rationales of patients with cancer seeking CAM treatment abroad by looking specifically at crowdfunding campaigns to support CAM cancer treatment in Tijuana, Mexico.

Methods

We scraped the GoFundMe.com and GiveSendGo.com crowdfunding platforms for campaigns referencing CAM cancer clinics in Tijuana, initiated between January 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. The authors created a coding framework to identify rationales for seeking CAM treatment in Tijuana. To supplement campaign metadata, we coded the beneficiary’s cancer stage, type, age, specific treatment sought, whether the beneficiary died, gender, and race.

Results

Patients sought CAM cancer treatment in Tijuana because the (1) treatment offers the greatest efficacy (29.9%); (2) treatment offered domestically was not curative (23.2%); (3) the clinic treats the whole person, and addresses the spiritual dimension of the person (20.1%); (4) treatments are nontoxic, natural, or less invasive (18.2%); and (5) clinic offers the newest technology (8.5%). Campaigns raised US $5,275,268.37 and most campaign beneficiaries were women (69.7%) or White individuals (71.1%).

Conclusions

These campaigns spread problematic misinformation about the likely efficacy of CAM treatments, funnel money and endorsements to CAM clinics in Tijuana, and leave many campaigners short of the money needed to pay for CAM treatments while costing beneficiaries and their loved one’s time, privacy, and dignity. This study affirms that Tijuana, Mexico, is a very popular destination for CAM cancer treatment.
Demand Forecasting of Nurse Talents in China Based on the Gray GM (1,1) Model: Model Development Study
Authors: Wu XiuLi , Kang Aimei
Published: August 2024

Background

In a global context, the shortage of nursing personnel has emerged as a significant challenge, particularly in countries such as China experiencing population aging. The inadequacy of nursing human resources has become one of the primary threats affecting the quality of health services available to Chinese residents. Therefore, forecasting the demand for nursing personnel has become an important issue.

Objective

This study presents a Gray GM (1,1) forecasting model for predicting the future 10-year demand for nursing workforce and the number of specialized geriatric nurses, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development of policies in health care institutions in China.

Methods

Based on data from the China Statistical Yearbook 2022, the Gray GM (1,1) model was used to predict the demand for nursing jobs and geriatric nurses over the next 10 years (2024-2033).

Results

The results indicate that from 2024 to 2033, amidst a continuous growth in the overall population and an increasingly pronounced trend of population aging, the demand for nursing workforce in China, especially for specialized geriatric nurses, is projected to steadily increase.

Conclusions

The paper provides a reference basis for the establishment of China’s health care workforce system and the involvement of government departments in health care workforce planning.