bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Intracellular Gene Expression by Inchworm-Type PNA-PEG Conjugate Depends on Recognition of a Monobasic Mutation
Authors: Hamashita Yusuke , Kise Naoki , Sakurai Toshihiko
Published: July 2021

To identify a monobasic mutation in a gene and regulate gene expression in cells, we synthesized an inchworm-type PNA-PEG conjugate modified with nonaarginine (R9) as a cell-penetrating peptide (i-PPc(R9)). We found that this i-PPc recognized a monobasic mutation and suppressed luciferase expression with high sequence-specificity in cancer cells.
The Effect of the Substituent Positions on Self-Assembly Behaviors of Liquid-Crystalline 1,3,4,6,9b-Pentaazaphenalene Derivatives
Authors: Watanabe Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: July 2021

We describe the syntheses and phase transition behaviors of liquid crystals composed of triangular π-conjugated molecules, 1,3,4,6,9b-pentaazaphenalene (5AP). Three types of 5AP derivatives having 3,4,5-tris(dodecyloxy)phenyl ((OC12)3Ph) were prepared by changing substituent positions. From thermal and structural analyses, liquid crystalline phases were observed from all derivatives. According to structural data and phase transition behaviors, it was suggested that the positions of the substituents significantly influence molecular alignments in liquid crystals as well as thermal properties. In particular, the columnar structures, which are favorable for expressing efficient carrier transportation, were observed in the 5AP derivative. These results suggest that the 5AP scaffold could be a platform for constructing a variety of aggregated structures by slightly different patterns of the molecular structures. Plausible models for these transitions are discussed.
Of Forking Paths and Tied Hands: Selective Publication of Findings, and What Economists Should Do about It
Authors: Kasy Maximilian
Published: July 2021

A key challenge for interpreting published empirical research is the fact that published findings might be selected by researchers or by journals. Selection might be based on criteria such as significance, consistency with theory, or the surprisingness of findings or their plausibility. Selection leads to biased estimates, reduced coverage of confidence intervals, and distorted posterior beliefs. I review methods for detecting and quantifying selection based on the distribution of p-values, systematic replication studies, and meta-studies. I then discuss the conflicting recommendations regarding selection result ing from alternative objectives, in particular, the validity of inference versus the relevance of findings for decision-makers. Based on this discussion, I consider various reform proposals, such as deemphasizing significance, pre-analysis plans, journals for null results and replication studies, and a functionally differentiated publication system. In conclusion, I argue that we need alternative foundations of statistics that go beyond the single-agent model of decision theory.
Evidence on Research Transparency in Economics
Authors: Miguel Edward
Published: July 2021

A decade ago, the term “research transparency” was not on economists' radar screen, but in a few short years a scholarly movement has emerged to bring new open science practices, tools and norms into the mainstream of our discipline. The goal of this article is to lay out the evidence on the adoption of these approaches – in three specific areas: open data, pre-registration and pre-analysis plans, and journal policies – and, more tentatively, begin to assess their impacts on the quality and credibility of economics research. The evidence to date indicates that economics (and related quantitative social science fields) are in a period of rapid transition toward new transparency-enhancing norms. While solid data on the benefits of these practices in economics is still limited, in part due to their relatively recent adoption, there is growing reason to believe that critics' worst fears regarding onerous adoption costs have not been realized. Finally, the article presents a set of frontier questions and potential innovations.
The Baker Hypothesis: Stabilization, Structural Reforms, and Economic Growth
Authors: Chari Anusha , Henry Peter Blair , Reyes Hector
Published: July 2021

In 1985, James A. Baker III's “Program for Sustained Growth” proposed a set of economic policy reforms including, inflation stabilization, trade liberalization, greater openness to foreign investment, and privatization, that he believed would lead to faster growth in countries then known as the Third World, but now categorized as emerging and developing economies (EMDEs). A country-specific, time-series assessment of the reform process reveals three clear facts. First, in the ten-year period after stabilizing high inflation, the average growth rate of real GDP in EMDEs is 2.6 percentage points higher than in the prior ten-year period. Second, the corresponding growth increase for trade liberalization episodes is 2.66 percentage points. Third, in the decade after opening their capital markets to foreign equity investment, the spread between EMDEs average cost of equity capital and that of the US declines by 240 basis points. The impact of privatization is less straightforward to assess, but taken together, the three central facts of reform provide empirical support for the Baker Hypothesis and suggest a simple neoclassical interpretation of the unprecedented increase in growth that has taken place in EMDEs since the early 1990s.
Radiographic features in 2D imaging as predictors for justified CBCT examinations of canine-induced root resorption
Authors: Andresen Amanda K.H. , Jonsson Malin V. , Sulo Gerhard , Thelen Dorina S. , Shi Xie-Qi
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional radiographs on canine-induced root resorption (CIRR) in lateral incisors and identify predictors of CIRR in patients with impacted maxillary canines (IMC).

Methods:

Ninety-nine patients aged 9–17 years, with 156 IMCs, were included in the study. All had CBCT-volumes and two-dimensional radiographs consisting of at least one panoramic radiograph. Two radiologists jointly viewed all cases twice. First, radiographic features related to the IMC and possible CIRR were recorded from two-dimensional radiographs. Then, CIRR was determined from CBCT and according to position and extension classified as mild, moderate and severe.

Results:

CIRRs was detected in 80% of lateral incisors (mild: 45%; moderate: 44%; severe: 11%). The sensitivity was generally low at mild and moderate cut-offs (29 and 29%), and somewhat higher for severe (50%). Corresponding specificities were 48%, 63% and 68%. Canine cusp-tip superimposing the lateral incisor’s middle third and root/crown ratio >1 was positively associated with mild CIRR, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.8 and 6.7, respectively. In addition, the root development stage was positively associated with moderate/severe CIRR when the canine root was nearly or fully developed (OR = 3.1).

Conclusions:

The diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional radiographs was inadequate for detecting CIRR amongst patients referred for CBCT examinations. Based on our results, none of the suggested two-dimensional radiographic features could predict moderate/severe CIRR except for root development stage. IMC in a later stage of root development seems to be associated with a higher risk of moderate/severe CIRR.
Climate Change: How it Affects the European Security
Authors: Markopoulou Angeliki-Efraimia
Published: July 2021

Το συγκεκριμένο άρθρο πολιτικής, στο πλαίσιο της περιβαλλοντικής πολιτικής, πραγματεύεται το ζήτημα της κλιματικής αλλαγής και κατά πόσο αυτή επηρεάζει την ευρωπαϊκή ασφάλεια. Το χρόνιο και διαρκώς αυξανόμενο πρόβλημα της κλιματικής αλλαγής, εκτός από τις προφανείς συνέπειές του στον τομέα της γεωργίας, της υγείας, της οικονομίας και άλλων, μπορεί πλέον να δημιουργεί «κενά» στην ασφάλεια των κρατών, με τρόπους που θα εξηγηθούν. Θα γνωστοποιηθούν μερικά σύγχρονα προβλήματα που σχετίζονται με την ανάλυση, θα αναφερθούν οι τοποθετήσεις της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης για το πρόβλημα και επιπλέον θα γίνει αναφορά στις θέσεις αρμόδιων του ΟΗΕ και συγκεκριμένα του Συμβουλίου Ασφαλείας. Έπειτα θα δοθούν ορισμένες προτάσεις-συστάσεις στοχεύοντας στην αντιμετώπιση.
Ad hoc solutions to wicked problems: Pandemics and other challenges in context
Authors: Brailas Alexios
Published: July 2021

Wicked problems are considered to be any social, cultural, or other challenges that are difficult to address and hard to devise an effective and sustainable solution for. The utopic wishful thinking humanity relied on for so many decades, that technology and science alone, like a new Deus ex machina, would ultimately save us from any problematic situation we would ever face, and from any possible catastrophe we would ever confront, proved to be unrealistic. Catastrophe is a compound Greek word, literally meaning “approaching a turn”. If you are heading at full speed toward a turn, you either have to slow down and turn toward the road again to save life, or you are going to crash. Unless, of course, you prefer to rest upon an external magical aid, a Deus ex machina, to rescue you at the edge of the cliff. A Catastrophe can be realized as a bifurcation point in terms of complexity theory, a point of chaos and unpredictability, or a tipping point. Behind fueling wicked problems and deadlocks lies a Newtonian conception of reality, where the universe is realized as a mechanical automaton, a timeless space where an infinite knowledgeable entity can predict and leverage everything.
Association between depression, anxiety, stress and perceived quality of life in a Malaysian B40 urban community during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sing Joo Gan , Owen Devan Daniel Mahalingam , Shao Qi Chuah , Patil Sapna Shridhar
Published: July 2021

Background: In Malaysia, B40 communities are those with a median monthly household earning of under RM 3166. With the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting lockdown, the livelihoods of those in these areas has been severely impacted. This has increased their vulnerability to psychological afflictions and has led to a poorer perception of their quality of life (QoL) in comparison to the rest of the population. We investigated the association between perceived levels of depression, anxiety and stress and their impact on quality of life (QoL) among B40 residents in a low-cost urban housing area in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2020 and February 2021 in the Seri Pantai housing settlement. The validated Malay versions of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life, brief (WHOQOL-BREF) were distributed to the participants using Google forms. The statistical significance of the association between subscales of depression, anxiety, stress and QoL domains were assessed using the Pearson’s correlation test.

Results: Of the 180 participants, the majority were Malays (87.2%) and females (82.2%).  The average scores were the highest for stress (5.66 ± 4.59) and the score in the environment domain of QoL (59.27 ± 17.23) was the lowest. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the subscales of DASS-21 and the four domains of the QoL, with the social relationships and psychological domains showing a highly significant association (p < 0.001). The strongest correlation was observed between the psychological domain and depression (r= -.520) followed by psychological domain and stress (r= -.496).

Conclusion: The strongest correlation was observed between psychological domain and depression. This suggests a need to address potential devastating mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on the QoL of residents in B40 communities.
The Discrepancy between Clove and Non-Clove Cigarette Smoke-Promoted Candida albicans Biofilm Formation with Precoating RNA-aptamer
Authors: Bachtiar Boy Muchlis , Gani Basri A. , Deviana Astri , Utami Nastiti Rilo , Andriyani Anissa Dien , Bachtiar Endang Winiati
Published: July 2021

This study explores the influence of precoating aptamer (Ca-apt1) on C. albicans viability while the fungus was growing in the presence of exposing condensed cigarette smoke (CSC), prepared from clove (CCSC) and non-clove (NCSC) cigarettes, for 48 h. Using qPCR, we found that mRNA expression of adhesion-associated genes (ALS3 and HWP1) was impaired by precoating C. albicans yeast cells with the aptamer. Conversely, the gene transcription was upregulated when aptamer-uncoated yeast was pre-treated with either CSC. In addition, by analysing the result of MTT ([3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay, we found that the presence of added CCSC or NCSC in growth medium for 48 h was significantly enhanced C. albicans biofilm development. However, the presence of precoated aptamer was significantly impaired biofilm development accelerated by the NCSC. The inhibitory effect of the Ca-apt1 was not dependent on the precoated aptamer (1 and 10%). Interestingly, we noted that the enhancer effect of treated CCSC was no longer effective when the yeast had been precoated with 10% aptamer tested. Additionally, light microscopy analysis revealed that precoating aptamer alleviates morphological changes of C. albicans (from yeast to hypha formation) that are enhanced by adding CCSC or NCSC in the growth medium.

In conclusion, these results suggest that administration on Ca-ap1 exhibits a significant protective effect on CSC-induced biofilm formation by C. albicans.
PhD students in life sciences can benefit from team cohesion
Authors: Vida Zsófia Viktória , Járay István Péter , Lengyel Balázs
Published: July 2021

Background: Scientific progress during doctoral studies is a combination of individual effort and teamwork. A recently growing body of interdisciplinary literature has investigated the determinants of early career success in academia, in which learning from supervisors and co-authors play a great role. Yet, it is less understood how collaboration patterns of the research team, in which the doctoral student participates, influences the future career of students. Here we take a social network analysis approach to investigate this and define the research team as the co-authorship network of the student.

Methods: We use the Hungarian Scientific Bibliography Database, which includes all publications of PhD students who defended theses from the year 1993. The data also include thesis information, and the publications of co-authors of students. Using this data, we quantify cohesion in the ego-network of PhD students, the impact measured by citations received, and productivity measured by number of publications. We run multivariate linear regressions to measure the relation of network cohesion, and publication outputs during doctoral years with future impact.

Results: We find that those students in life sciences, but not in other fields, who have a cohesive co-author network during studies and two years after defence receive significantly more citations in eight years. We find that the number of papers published during PhD years and closely after the defence correlates negatively while the impact of these papers correlates positively with future success of students in all fields.

Conclusions: These results highlight that research teams are effective learning environments for PhD students where collaborations create a tightly knit knowledge network.
Funders’ responsibility to ensure value in research: a self-audit by the Health Research Board Ireland
Authors: Cody Anne , Hiney Maura , Clarke Patricia , O'Driscoll Mairead
Published: July 2021

As a public funder of health research, the Health Research Board (HRB) Ireland has an obligation to manage its funds well and to maximise the value of the research that it funds. Ways in which research funding can be wasted have been examined by researchers over the years, and a seminal series on research waste was published in the Lancet in 2014. The series systematically analysed every step of the funding lifecycle in five major stages and made recommendations to various actors including research funders.

Prompted by its participation in the Ensuring Value in Research Funders’ Forum, between June and October 2019 the HRB undertook a self-audit against the 17 recommendations identified in the Lancet series. Key HRB staff collated relevant policies and practices regarding each recommendation and sub-recommendation and assessed the HRB’s performance under each heading. The self-assessment reflects the state of HRB policies and practices in October 2019. 

Of the 17 recommendations, five were found to be areas of strength and six were found to be areas of partial strength. Areas of strength reflect work over many years such as support for evidence synthesis, strong processes around award selection, driving research integrity and open data including an HRB-funded open publishing platform. Four recommendations were found to be areas for growth. These mostly revolve around real time reporting of study protocols and of ongoing funded research outside of clinical trials. Work is progressing to address some of these areas. Two were found not to apply to the HRB.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Mini Nutritional Assessment – Short Form to identify malnutrition among older adults: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Griffin Anne , McGarry Sorcha , Moloney Caoimhe , Galvin Rose
Published: July 2021

Malnutrition has many associated physiological and psychological consequences for older adults that can result in reduced quality of life, poor disease outcomes and more frequent and longer hospital stays. Early recognition of malnutrition allows for timely intervention and treatment. There are several screening tools for nutrition risk. The most common one for malnutrition developed and validated for older adults is the short-form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF). It can be completed in just a few minutes and applied in all health care settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis serves to synthesise the totality of evidence regarding the diagnostic accuracy of the MNA-SF tool compared with the full-form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-FF) in older adults for the diagnosis of malnutrition in healthcare settings. Systematic searches of five bibliographical databases will be performed and will include the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science to identify all studies that validate the MNA-SF for malnutrition among older adults in healthcare settings. Risk of bias will be assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Pre-specified MNA-SF scores will be used to identify patients’ risk of malnutrition. Using data from 2x2 tables, studies will be pooled to generate summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity using a bivariate random effects model. The findings of this systematic review of diagnostic accuracy will provide evidence for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions regarding the optimum use of the MNA-SF as a nutrition risk screening tool to identify malnutrition among older people.

Registration details: Prospero registration number CRD42019131847
Strategic treatment optimization for HCV (STOPHCV1): a randomised controlled trial of ultrashort duration therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Cooke Graham S. , Pett Sarah , McCabe Leanne , Jones Chris , Gilson Richard , Verma Sumita , Ryder Stephen D. , Collier Jane D. , Barclay Stephen T. , Ala Aftab , Bhagani Sanjay , Nelson Mark , Ch'Ng Chinlye , Stone Ben , Wiselka Martin , Forton Daniel , McPherson Stuart , Halford Rachel , Nguyen Dung , Smith David , Ansari Azim , Dennis Emily , Hudson Fleur , Barnes Eleanor J. , Walker Ann Sarah
Published: July 2021

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the need for a better understanding of which patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cured with ultrashort course HCV therapy.

Methods: A total of 202 individuals with chronic HCV were randomised to fixed-duration shortened therapy (8 weeks) vs variable-duration ultrashort strategies (VUS1/2). Participants not cured following first-line treatment were retreated with 12 weeks’ sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin. The primary outcome was sustained virological response 12 weeks (SVR12) after first-line treatment and retreatment. Participants were factorially randomised to receive ribavirin with first-line treatment.

Results: All evaluable participants achieved SVR12 overall (197/197, 100% [95% CI 98-100]) demonstrating non-inferiority between fixed-duration and variable-duration strategies (difference 0% [95% CI -3.8%, +3.7%], 4% pre-specified non-inferiority margin). First-line SVR12 was 91% [86%-97%] (92/101) for fixed-duration vs 48% [39%-57%] (47/98) for variable-duration, but was significantly higher for VUS2 (72% [56%-87%] (23/32)) than VUS1 (36% [25%-48%] (24/66)). Overall, first-line SVR12 was 72% [65%-78%] (70/101) without ribavirin and 68% [61%-76%] (69/98) with ribavirin (p=0.48). At treatment failure, the emergence of viral resistance was lower with ribavirin (12% [2%-30%] (3/26)) than without (38% [21%-58%] (11/29), p=0.01).

Conclusions: Unsuccessful first-line short-course therapy did not compromise retreatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin (100% SVR12). SVR12 rates were significantly increased when ultrashort treatment varied between 4-7 weeks rather than 4-6 weeks. Ribavirin significantly reduced resistance emergence in those failing first-line therapy.

ISRCTN Registration: 37915093 (11/04/2016).
The tropical coral Pocillopora acuta displays an unusual chromatin structure and shows histone H3 clipping plasticity upon bleaching
Authors: Roquis David , Cosseau Céline , Brener Raffalli Kelly , Romans Pascal , Masanet Patrick , Mitta Guillaume , Grunau Christoph , Vidal-Dupiol Jeremie
Published: July 2021

Background: Pocillopora acuta is a hermatypic coral with strong ecological importance. Anthropogenic disturbances and global warming are major threats that can induce coral bleaching, the disruption of the mutualistic symbiosis between the coral host and its endosymbiotic algae. Previous works have shown that somaclonal colonies display different levels of survival depending on the environmental conditions they previously faced. Epigenetic mechanisms are good candidates to explain this phenomenon. However, almost no work had been published on the P. acuta epigenome, especially on histone modifications. In this study, we aim at providing the first insight into chromatin structure of this species.

Methods: We aligned the amino acid sequence of P. acuta core histones with histone sequences from various phyla. We developed a centri-filtration on sucrose gradient to separate chromatin from the host and the symbiont. The presence of histone H3 protein and specific histone modifications were then detected by western blot performed on histone extraction done from bleached and healthy corals. Finally, micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestions were undertaken to study nucleosomal organization.

Results: The centri-filtration enabled coral chromatin isolation with less than 2% of contamination by endosymbiont material. Histone sequences alignments with other species show that P. acuta displays on average ~90% of sequence similarities with mice and ~96% with other corals. H3 detection by western blot showed that H3 is clipped in healthy corals while it appeared to be intact in bleached corals. MNase treatment failed to provide the usual mononucleosomal digestion, a feature shared with some cnidarian, but not all; suggesting an unusual chromatin structure.

Conclusions: These results provide a first insight into the chromatin, nucleosome and histone structure of P. acuta. The unusual patterns highlighted in this study and partly shared with other cnidarian will need to be further studied to better understand its role in corals.
Inpatient Glycemic Control With Sliding Scale Insulin in Noncritical Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Who Can Slide?
Authors: Migdal Alexandra L , Fortin‐Leung Charlie , Pasquel Francisco , Wang Heqiong , Peng Limin , Umpierrez Guillermo E
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Despite clinical guideline recommendations, sliding scale insulin (SSI) is widely used for the hospital management of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to determine which patients with T2D can be appropriately managed with SSI in non–critical care settings.

METHODS

We used electronic health records to assess inpatient glycemic control in medicine and surgical patients treated with SSI according to admission blood glucose (BG) concentration between June 2010 and June 2018. Primary outcome was the percentage of patients with T2D achieving target glycemic control, defined as mean hospital BG 70 to 180 mg/dL without hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL during SSI therapy.

RESULTS

Among 25,813 adult patients with T2D, 8,095 patients (31.4%) were treated with SSI. Among patients with admission BG <140 mg/dL and BG 140 to 180 mg/dL, 86% and 83%, respectively, achieved target control without hypoglycemia, as compared with only 18% of those with admission BG ≥250 mg/dL (P < .001). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and setting, the odds of poor glycemic control increased with higher admission BG (BG 140‐180 mg/dL: odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5‐2.2; BG 181‐250 mg/dL: OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 3.1‐4.4; BG >250 mg/dL: OR, 7.2; 95% CI, 5.8‐9.0), as compared with patients with BG <140 mg/dL. A total of 1,192 patients (15%) treated with SSI required additional basal insulin during hospitalization.

CONCLUSION

Most non–intensive care unit patients with admission BG <180 mg/dL treated with SSI alone achieve target glycemic control during hospitalization, suggesting that cautious use of SSI may be a viable option for certain patients with mild hyperglycemia.
Risk of Intestinal Necrosis With Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Holleck Jürgen L , Roberts Andrea E , Marhoffer Elizabeth A , Grimshaw Alyssa A , Gunderson Craig G
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Reports of severe gastrointestinal side effects associated with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), particularly intestinal necrosis, have led some to recommend costlier alternative medications. No prior systematic review has included studies with controls reporting intestinal necrosis rates associated with SPS.

METHODS

A systematic literature search was conducted using Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection from database inception through October 4, 2020. We included any clinical trial, cohort, or case‐control study reporting an association between SPS and intestinal necrosis or severe gastrointestinal side effects.

RESULTS

Six studies including 26,716 patients treated with SPS with controls met inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of intestinal necrosis was 1.43 (95% CI, 0.39‐5.20). The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for intestinal necrosis from the two studies that performed survival analysis was 2.00 (95% CI, 0.45‐8.78). The pooled HR for the composite outcome of severe gastrointestinal adverse events was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.01‐2.11).

CONCLUSION

Based on our review of six studies, the risk of intestinal necrosis with SPS is not statistically greater than controls, although there was a statistically significantly increased risk for the composite outcome of severe gastrointestinal side effects based on two studies. Because of the risk of bias from potential confounding and selective reporting, the overall strength of evidence to support an association between SPS and intestinal necrosis or other severe gastrointestinal side effects is low. PROSPERO registration CRD42020213119.
Niewypowiedziane cierpienie, czyli o fragmentarycznym przekazie pamięci wśród Niemców z serbskiej Wojwodiny
Authors: Giergiel Sabina
Published: July 2021

Inarticulate Suffering: On the Fragmentary Transfer of Memory among the Germans from Serbian Vojvodina The article deals with the issue of repression experienced by the Germans from Serbian Vojvodina after World War II (mostly in the period of 1944-48). The author is particularly interested in the mode in which the stories of these traumatic experiences function in the cross-generational tradition. Thus, the causes of the occurrence of such stories in German families are pinpointed. These considerations are supplemented with the excerpts of the statements made by the German minority representatives still living in Serbia. They serve to illustrate the basic theses of the paper.
Wspólnoty pamięci Hołodomoru w USA i Kanadzie w latach 50.-80. XX wieku
Authors: Kudela-Świątek Wiktoria
Published: July 2021

Communities of Memory of the Holodomor in the USA and Canada in the 1950s-80s The main goal of this article is to show how the Ukrainian community in North America, thanks to cultivating the memory of a marginal event from the point of view of American history, managed to appear in the social life of the USA and Canada. Here I use the concept of ‘community of memory’ to emphasize those Ukrainian communities in the USA and Canada that are of utmost importance in the commemoration of Holodomor. They also managed to retain this event’s memory in many other competing memories, dabbling in the memory of their identity as American Ukrainian. Therefore, in the following sections of the article, I will attempt to answer why it was the diaspora that undertook a tremendous effort to commemorate Holodomor’s victims and the course of that process for years. Finally, I employ critical analysis of media discourses. Moreover, I will consider the Holodomor generation’s role in cultivating that memory and emergence of the ‘communities of memory’.
Duma, wstyd, profanacja
Authors: Kumala Aleksandra
Published: July 2021

Pride, Shame, Profanation. Post-Memory in the Movies Bent and Paragraph 175

This paper offers a post-memory oriented analysis of the movies Bent (1997) and Paragraph 175 (2000), both referring to the so-called pink triangles—homosexual men persecuted by the Nazis. The author reverses Marianne Hirsch’s key concept in order to introduce a new one, “the generation of homosexual post-memory”. Theoretical categories of dignity, shame, and profanation are used contextually, to comment on the main themes of the movies and their common interpretations. Seen through the post-memory perspective, films under discussion become substitutes of direct, familial narratives, which for years remained inaccessible due to binding law, social taboos, “institutional homophobia”, and sustained “days of masquerade”. Even though it may not seem obvious at first, the text presents that both titles have the potential to activate the process of trauma transfer and create homosexual post-memory as such.
Narracje alternatywne i marginalne w uchwałach rocznicowych sejmu i senatu rzeczypospolitej polskiej w latach 2009-2019
Authors: Secler Bartłomiej
Published: July 2021

Alternative and Marginal Narrations in the Anniversary Resolutions of the Sejm and Senate of the Republic of Poland in 2009-2019. Example of Resolutions Commemorating the 70th and 80th Anniversaries of the Outbreak of the Second World War
Historical anniversaries generate breakthroughs, mark systemic and political turns, and remind us of the events and characters from the past. The subject of the article are the anniversary resolutions of the Sejm and the Senate of the Republic of Poland, which I define as a tool for shaping the politics of memory and collective memory that are one of the forms of commemorating the past and serving the political authorities as means for its interpretation. I assume that the choice of anniversaries and historical figures that deserve to be commemorated is dictated by the ideological and political orientation of political parties and groups. In the above context, it is worth asking the question – referring to the title of the article – should the anniversary resolutions of the Sejm and the Senate of the Republic of Poland, their form, content, as well as way of proceeding and adopting them be considered as important and momentous narratives, or rather as alternative and marginal ones? The considerations will be illustrated with ex amples of resolutions adopted on the occasion of the 70th and 80th anniversaries of the outbreak of the Second World War.
A Mathematical Model of Humanitarian Aid Agencies in Attritional Conflict Environments
Authors: McLennan-Smith Timothy A. , Kalloniatis Alexander C. , Jovanoski Zlatko , Sidhu Harvinder S. , Roberts Dale O. , Watt Simon , Towers Isaac N.
Published: July 2021

Traditional combat models, such as Lanchester’s equations, are typically limited to two competing populations and exhibit solutions characterized by exponential decay—and growth if logistics are included. We enrich such models to account for modern and future complexities, particularly around the role of interagency engagement in operations as often displayed in counterinsurgency operations. To address this, we explore incorporation of nontrophic effects from ecological modeling. This provides a global representation of asymmetrical combat between two forces in the modern setting in which noncombatant populations are present. As an example, we set the noncombatant population in our model to be a neutral agency supporting the native population to the extent that they are noncombatants. Correspondingly, the opposing intervention force is under obligations to enable an environment in which the neutral agency may undertake its work. In contrast to the typical behavior seen in the classic Lanchester system, our model gives rise to limit cycles and bifurcations that we interpret through a warfighting application. Finally, through a case study, we highlight the importance of the agility of a force in achieving victory when noncombatant populations are present.
Decolonialidade se faz em/com Quilombos
Authors: OLIVEIRA MIRANDA EDUARDO
Published: July 2021

O artigo teve a sua sistematização durante a pandemia da Covid-19, período no qual o autor sentiu a necessidade de escrever sobre suas experiências a partir da abordagem decolonial. Trata-se um escrita que mescla memórias, afetos e que tem os suleamentos com a seguinte problemática: como o encontro entre um corpo-território-educador-gay e um corpo-território-educanda-sapatão-preta pode criar um giro decolonial aquilombado? Apresenta-se um olhar sobre as colonialidades que fundamentam a estrutura da universidade brasileira e como um giro decolonial aquilombado pode provocar desobediências epistêmicas.
“Esta simples ferramenta chamada amor”: uma entrevista sobre educação antirracista com a ativista Mica Oh
Authors: Paro César Augusto , Silva Cassiana Rodrigues Alves
Published: July 2021

Observação: Por se tratar de uma entrevista e compreender a partir dos números passados da revista de que não houve um resumo para esta modalidade, não elaboramos um resumo.
Apresentação do dossiê: Diásporas, Dissidências e Devastações
Authors: Souza Flávia , Rodrigues Cassiana , De Lima Kelly Diogo , Barreto Gabriela
Published: July 2021

Este Dossiê buscou reunir produções que se propõem a forjar um outro pensamento e ação-política, contra colonial, antirracista e anti cisheteronormativa. Aqui estão reunidos artigos, ensaios e entrevistas que demonstram justamente a necessidade de elaborarmos narrativas que nos permitam, tanto entendermos o mundo em devastação, quanto construirmos um novo caminho. Todavia um novo caminho, não a partir dos escombros deixados pelo colonialismo, mas a partir do resgate daquilo que nos foi arrancado: a nossa própria história.
Fatores Influenciantes na Excelência de Cientistas Brasileiros
Authors: Mundim Maria Célia Bruno , Wechsler Solange Muglia , Almeida Leandro Silva
Published: July 2021

Este estudo objetivou investigar as variáveis pessoais e os fatores contextuais relacionados com a excelência de pesquisadores de ambos os gêneros e de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. A amostra foi constituída por 109 pesquisadores, bolsistas de produtividade do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), que trabalham em instituições de ensino superior de várias regiões do Brasil. Utilizou-se o Questionário do Perfil de Excelência online formado por perguntas semi-abertas relacionadas a recursos pessoais, fatores acadêmicos e de fatores contextuais. Os resultados obtidos apontam para diferenças estatisticamente significantes de frequência de respostas entre os gêneros quanto à paixão pelo trabalho para enfrentar novos projetos de pesquisa, uso do suporte social, utilização de empregados para conciliar a vida pessoal com a profissional, na ocupação do tempo livre na realização de viagens e nas atividades com a família. Os resultados sugerem a natureza multivariada do fenômeno da excelência científica, convergindo na sua manifestação fatores pessoais e contextuais. Ambos os fatores merecem ser considerados quando se procura promover a sua realização profissional e produtividade.
A Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental Aplicada ao CAPS ad: Uma Revisão de Escopo
Authors: Almeida Érica Aparecida Schefer de , Sartes Laisa Marcorela Andreoli
Published: July 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de escopo sobre estratégias cognitivas e/ou comportamentais empregadas no tratamento de dependência de álcool e outras drogas no mundo, assim como levantar estudos sobre o uso destas abordagens em CAPS ad no Brasil. Foram levantados artigos de revisão sobre "estratégias cognitivas ou comportamentais para tratamento de dependência de álcool e outras drogas" e publicações com o tema "uso de terapias cognitivas e/ou comportamentais em CAPS ad". Foram encontradas apenas cinco publicações relatando emprego de terapias cognitivas e comportamentais em CAPS ad. Estes estudos descreveram intervenções em grupos coordenados por psicólogos, enfermeiros ou outros profissionais de nível superior. Foram incluídos ainda 23 artigos de revisão sobre resultados de tratamentos de base cognitivo-comportamental para tratamento de dependência de álcool e outras drogas. Conclui-se que as estratégias cognitivo-comportamentais apresentam várias características vantajosas à saúde pública, como a possibilidade de sistematização em protocolos, o que facilita sua aplicação e avaliação de resultados terapêuticos. No entanto, persistem obstáculos para adoção desta abordagem nos serviços de saúde mental no Brasil, sendo então necessário avançar no desenvolvimento de instrumentos de políticas públicas que permitam a difusão de boas práticas de intervenções comprovadamente custo-efetivas e acessíveis à população.
A Metapsicologia do Infamiliar e seu Lugar na Constituição Psíquica
Authors: Rabêlo Fabiano Chagas , Martins Karla Patrícia Holanda
Published: July 2021

O artigo propõe discutir a inserção do Unheimliche no desenvolvimento do modelo de aparelho psíquico psicanalítico, relacionando-o com alguns conceitos metapsicológicos que o precederam e outros, posteriores, que se beneficiaram de sua influência. Para tanto, prioriza-se o tema da constituição psíquica na sua relação com as paramnésias. O conceito de narcisismo é trazido à baila para questionar as diferenças e semelhanças entre as definições de Infamiliar (Unheimliche) e estranhamento (Entfremdung). Comenta-se o conto de Borges O outro, o artigo freudiano Um distúrbio de memória na Acrópole e o texto de Tausk Ibsen, Der Apoteker para estabelecer um paralelo entre a ficção literária e as valências dos sentimentos de desrealização e dessubjetivação na clínica das neuroses. O conceito de fenômeno transicional de Winnicott e a problemática da alteridade que Lacan apresenta, em dois momentos de seu ensino, são debatidos a partir dos desdobramentos em torno do Infamiliar e da cisão do eu. Ao final, indaga-se o estatuto metapsicológico do Infamiliar como uma modalidade particular do retorno do recalcado, que mobiliza os limites do recalque primário, promovendo uma subversão temporária das fronteiras do Eu e da realidade, com consequências para pensarmos os modos diferenciais da constituição psíquica.
Nilton Campos e a Psicologia Brasileira: Um Resgate Biográfico e Bibliográfico
Authors: Mendonça Diego Do Nascimento , Holanda Adriano Furtado
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho centraliza-se no estudo da vida e da obra de Nilton Quadros Campos (1898-1963). Por meio do resgate de parte do legado bibliográfico do psiquiatra brasileiro, bem como de matérias jornalísticas e outras fontes documentais, foi construída uma narrativa biográfica que visa possibilitar uma compreensão de sua trajetória profissional, com subsequente exposição de algumas das principais ideias defendidas em sua obra. À medida que se dedicava aos trabalhos experimentais no Laboratório da Colônia de Psicopatas do Engenho de Dentro e às atividades de docência, crescia sua preocupação com os fundamentos da psicologia, sobretudo no que diz respeito às particularidades dos fenômenos psicológicos. Este posicionamento filosófico explica o encaminhamento que buscou direcionar para a psicologia em nível nacional. Campos defendia a autonomia do objeto psicológico frente às ciências naturais, mas entendia que a nova disciplina não possuía necessidade iminente de emancipação curricular, uma vez que deveria situar-se prioritariamente como campo de fundamentação para as práticas profissionais. Espera-se, assim, poder elucidar o modo de compreensão da ciência psicológica por um importante psiquiatra do século XX, contribuindo, por conseguinte, para a construção da memória da psicologia brasileira.
Quatro décadas (1977-2017) de publicações sobre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas por estudantes universitários
Authors: Costa Carlos , Basso Kenny , Zanelli José Carlos , Castoldi Florindo Luiz , Coelho Elenise Abreu , Pessotto Ana Paula
Published: July 2021

A passagem da adolescência para a vida adulta e a transição do ensino médio para a universidade são marcadas por significativas mudanças. Nesse período, o aumento nos padrões de consumo de álcool tem sido problema recorrente e observado em âmbito mundial. Este estudo bibliométrico teve como objetivo analisar as ênfases atribuídas pelos autores, em artigos internacionais, aos fatores associados ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas por estudantes universitários. Foram considerados os artigos indexados em nove bases de dados, no período de 1977 a 2017, a partir do cruzamento dos descritores álcool e estudantes universitários. Para quantificar a co-ocorrência dessas palavras-chave e a associação dos temas pesquisados, foram usados os softwares UCINET e NETDRAW, respectivamente, mantendo-se apenas as palavras-chave que tiveram duas ou mais relações com outras. Como resultados, verificou-se o aumento gradual de artigos relativos à temática consumo de álcool no contexto universitário. Passando de uma média de 2,5 artigos/ano no período entre 1977 e 2004 para 31 artigos/ano entre 2005 e 2017. Ainda, destacou-se o uso das palavras-chave álcool, estudantes, consumo e uso de álcool. Convém pontuar a co-ocorrência de palavras-chave como binge (uso pesado de álcool por tempo determinado, geralmente por mais de um dia) e drogas.
Propostas lúdico-pedagógicas nas atividades do Programa Saúde na Escola
Authors: Medeiros Eliabe Rodrigues de , Chagas Kadydja Karla Nascimento
Published: July 2021

O Programa Saúde na Escola visa a promoção da saúde de estudantes mediante atividades que dificilmente têm apresentado características lúdicas, por isso, objetivou-se analisar as propostas lúdico-pedagógicas nas atividades do Programa Saúde na Escola. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental com dados coletados nos portais dos Ministérios da Saúde e da Educação no mês de janeiro de 2018 e sua análise se deu mediante o referencial sobre as dimensões lúdicas: social, cultural, educacional, imaginária, reguladora, livre e espontânea, temporal e espacial, e diversão e o prazer. A partir dos dados foi possível constatar que 38,27% das atividades foram publicadas em 2013, 88,3% orientam atividades de caráter preventivo, 17,3% abordam a temática da alimentação e nutrição, 13,0% a cultura de paz e 13,0% a saúde indígena. Identificou-se ainda que 68,5% das atividades apresentaram características lúdicas e foram mais frequentes nas temáticas de cultura de paz (11,2%), saúde indígena (10,5%), práticas corporais, atividade física e lazer (10,5%) e sobre educação em direitos humanos (9,9%). As propostas lúdico-pedagógicas podem contribuir com a interação dos discentes, ou profissional de saúde e aluno mostrando-se relevante para o aprendizado do estudante. Identificou-se que as práticas lúdico-pedagógicas estão presentes nas propostas do Programa Saúde na Escola em atividades de distintas temáticas.
Síndrome de Stevens- Johnson: revisão integrativa
Authors: Vieira Natalia Abreu Silva , Cisne Francisca Irvna Mesquita , Magalhães Fernanda Mesquita , Nogueira Victor Matheus Gouveia , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora Silva
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho consiste em uma revisão integrativa a respeito da Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson, uma reação de hipersensibilidade cutânea grave descrita pela primeira vez em 1922. Foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos eletrônicos nas bases de dados BVS®, LILACS® e SCIELO®. O recorte histórico das publicações foi estabelecido no período de 2014 a 2019 e selecionaram-se apenas os artigos publicados em Língua Portuguesa. A maioria consistiu em estudos de caso. As variáveis analisadas nos artigos selecionados foram sexo, drogas mais suscetíveis, enfermidades associadas e óbito. A partir da análise, verificou-se que a publicação de artigos sobre a doença foi crescente, porém as publicações em português se deram em quantidade bem menor. Averiguou-se ainda que o principal fármaco associado à síndrome é o alopurinol e que o atendimento inadequado ou tardio ao indivíduo é um dos principais fatores de risco para ocorrência de óbito, junto com a idade avançada, e que há grande recorrência de enfermidades oculares associadas à doença. Desse modo, o estudo demonstrou a importância de um diagnóstico precoce, que permita o início do tratamento adequado o mais rápido possível, de modo a evitar as complicações associadas, e de uma maior conscientização da população em geral a respeito da doença para que se promova a sua mitigação.
Saúde mental e vida universitária: desvendando burnout em estudantes de Psicologia
Authors: Castro-Silva Igor Iuco , Maciel Jacques Antonio Cavalcante , Melo Marcelo Miranda de
Published: July 2021

A síndrome de burnout em adultos ou trabalhadores tem sido objeto crescente de pesquisas mundiais. Entretanto, o esgotamento psicológico em estudantes universitários carece de discussões no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a presença de burnout e suas subescalas em estudantes de psicologia. Estudo descritivo transversal foi conduzido em estudantes voluntários de um curso de Psicologia de universidade pública do interior do Nordeste. Foram aplicados questionário demográfico e o Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) validado para português. As faixas de frequência de burnout (alta exaustão emocional, alta descrença e baixa eficácia profissional) e de suas subescalas individuais foram comparadas por sexo, faixa etária e períodos acadêmicos (primeiro, terceiro, quinto, sétimo e nono). Os dados não paramétricos tiveram análise estatística pelo teste do qui-quadrado para amostras independentes e pós-teste exato de Fisher, considerando graus de confiança de 95% ou 90%. Na amostra de 135 participantes, houve uma prevalência geral em burnout de 20%. Não houve associação de burnout quanto ao sexo ou a idade. Houve diferenças entre os períodos, com terceiro e quinto período exibindo burnout maior que os demais, e maior associação de duas subescalas nas variáveis analisadas. Os resultados valorizaram o uso do MBI-SS e evidenciaram a importância do monitoramento da saúde mental dos estudantes durante sua formação universitária.