bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early nasogastric and nasojejunal feeding in patients with predictors of severe acute pancreatitis: а randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sivkov Oleg G. , Sivkov A. O.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE: Studying the influence of early nasogastric (NG) and nasojejunal (NJ) probe feeding in patients with predictors of severe acute pancreatitis on the course and outcome of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An open randomized controlled study was performed in Neftyanik Occupational Healthcare Facility ICU. 64 patients with predictors of severe acute pancreatitis (APACHE II > 8, CRP > 150 mg/l, SOFA > 2) randomized by the envelope method for early (the first 24 hrs.) nasogastic or nasojejunal feeding. The standard polymer feeding formula enriched with dietary fibers was administered during the first 5 (five) days taking into account its tolerability. Raw data were statistically processed using SPSS-26 software. RESULTS: Comparison of the NG (n = 33) vs. NJ (n = 31) groups produced the following results: the duration (days) of treatment in the hospital was 21 (12; 42) vs. 24 (11; 35), p = 0.715; in ICU — 4 (2; 20) vs. 4 (3; 13), p = 0.803; mechanical ventilation (MV) — 1 (1; 3) vs. 1 (1; 1), p = 0.124; mortality — OR 0.830 (95 % CI 0.201–3.422), p = 0.796; severity (moderately severe or severe) — OR 1.29 (95 % CI 0.483–3.448), p = 0.611; number of patients subjected to surgery during the first period of the disease — OR 0.774 (95 % CI 0.243–2.467), p = 0.665; and second period of the disease — OR 1.682 (95 % CI 0.623–4.546), p = 0.305. CONCLUSIONS: No difference has been found between the groups of patients with severe disease predictors, who received early nasogastric or nasojejunal tube feeding using standard polymer formula with dietary fibers during early acute pancreatitis, as regards duration of treatment in the hospital, in ICU, numbers of mechanically ventilated patients, patients operated during the first and second disease periods, disease severity or mortality.
Prevention of systemic inflammatory response syndrome after emergency on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with high-dose ascorbic acid: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dvoryadkin А. А. , Polyakov D. A. , Belyakova E. V. , Protsenko D. N. , Krichevskiy Lev А.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery carries a risk of postperfusion systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The prophylactic use of high doses of ascorbic acid, which possesses an antioxidant and immunomodulatory effect, may be justified, but has not been sufficiently studied in this clinical scenario. OBJECTIVE: To determine the possibilities of preventing the systemic inflammatory response with ascorbic acid (AA) during emergency coronary artery bypass grafting under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively examined 60 patients (32 men and 28 women, aged 63 (59; 70) years who underwent CABG (3 ± 1 bypass), performed for emergency indications under CPB 95 (77; 122) min. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: patients in the main group (n = 30) were given 4 grams of AA intravenously 1 hour before the skin incision, patients in the control group (n = 30) received standard pre-operative prevention of SIRS. RESULTS: The use of AA (n = 30) was accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of SIRS (20 and 47 %; p = 0.048) and a reduction in postoperative hospitalization (9 [8; 10] and 11 [10; 16] days; p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic use of AA is safe and can reduce the frequency of individual manifestations of SIRS and the duration of postoperative hospitalization.
Digitalization of anesthesiology and resuscitation services: multicenter questionnaire study
Authors: Gorban Vera I. , Shchegolev A. V. , Protsenko D. N. , Gritsan A. I. , Grigoryev E. V. , Dunts P. V. , Levit A. L. , Zabolotskikh I. B.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE: To substantiate recommendations for the implementation of the concept and technologies of digitalization of the anesthesiology and resuscitation (A&R) service in multidisciplinary hospitals to solve the problem of ensuring the safety of patients and medical personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study presents data on the implementation of information technology in the practice of the A&R service based on information received from 235 anesthesiology and resuscitation specialists working in leadership positions in various categories of healthcare institutions. Method of collecting information: experts independently completed the online version of the questionnaire. Sampling principle: intentional. Survey period: April 12, 2023 — August 4, 2023. RESULTS: In 87 % of hospitals the medical information system (MIS) of the A&R service is part of the hospital’s MIS. Only in 23 % of hospitals all workstations of the anesthesiologist-resuscitator are connected to the MIS. Logging into a personal electronic workplace using access rights on any of the hospital’s personal computers was confirmed by 87 % of respondents. Hospitals in which anesthesiology and resuscitation equipment are not integrated into the MIS account for 89 %. In the case of branches with a local A&R information system, equipment in 44 % of similar branches is connected to it. Only in 51 % of hospitals the A&R receives data from the laboratory information system, the integration rates with the radiological information system are even lower and amount to only 34 %. The study revealed a significant problem with the introduction of clinical recommendations, drug reference books, as well as prevention and manipulation protocols, various requirements and, in particular, scales/indices for assessing the condition of patients into the MIS. CONCLUSIONS: For the full functioning of the MIS, organizational solutions are needed that are aimed at implementing the tasks, primary and future. The development and application of modern MIS in anesthesiology and resuscitation will contribute to the further development of the specialty and ensure patient safety and adequate quality of medical care. It is necessary to unify the requirements for MIS developers according to the main components in the functionality.
The role of electrical impedance tomography in predicting the failure of non-invasive ventilation in patients with COVID-19-associated hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a prospective observational study
Authors: Krasnoshchekova A. P. , Yaroshetskiy Andrey I. , Serkova T. S. , Merzhoeva Z. M. , Trushenko N. V. , Nuralieva G. S. , Tsareva N. A. , Avdeev S. N.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Data on prediction of the failure of non-invasive lung ventilation (NIV) in patients with respiratory failure associated with COVID-19, based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) patterns are limited. OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of non-invasive lung ventilation failure in patients with respiratory insufficiency associated with COVID-19, using electrical impedance tomography data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A monocenter prospective cohort observational study was conducted in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19-associated acute respiratory failure, who underwent NIV in the ICU (n = 43). EIT was used to measure the actual ventilation area (SVENT), hyperinflation area (SHYPER), ventilation delay zone (SRVD), and calculate the proportion of ventilated lungs (AVENT), proportion of hyperinflation area (ZHYPER), proportion of RVD area (ZRVD), as well as the duration of hyperinflation during one respiratory cycle (THYPER), and the ratio of hyperinflation time to inhalation time. RESULTS: The study included 43 patients admitted 15 (10–22) days after the onset of COVID-19. Patients with NIV failure (n = 34) had higher ZHYPER values on the first day (19.5 (16.3–30.5) in the NIV success group and 35.2 (25.0–45.0) in the failure group, AUROC 0.80, p = 0.004, Cut-off 39.7, Se 85 %, Sp 89 %) and the last day (20.6 (10.4–28.5) in the success group and 32.7 (26.4–43.3) in the failure group, AUROC 0.92, p = 0.003, Cut-off 32.7, Se 50 %, Sp 100 %), as well as a higher THYPER/TINSP ratio on the last day of NIV (37.5 (31.0–47.9) in the success group and 65.3 (43.7–88.4) in the failure group, AUROC 0.87, p = 0.001, Cut-off 52.7, Se 71 %, Sp 100 %). AVENT, ZRVD, and inhalation time did not show prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS: EIT can predict the NIV failure in moderate-to-severe ARDS associated with COVID-19, based on the assessment of alveolar overdistention zones. Further research are needed to investigate this theory.
Factors Affecting the Intention to Implement Pro-environmental Behaviors: A Case of Riverside Communities in Cotabato City Rivers, Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: de Vera Peter Jan , Alombro Nancy , Patadon Shaima , Catipay John Paul
Published: April 2024

Rivers are known to be the emitters of waste in the world’s oceans. Most of the top ten rivers that contribute to the waste in the world’s oceans are situated in the Philippines indicating poor solid waste management in the country. Studies focusing on the pro-environmental behaviors among the riverside communities in the country are very limited. Thus, this study investigates the factors affecting the intention to implement pro-environmental behaviors among the riverside communities along the Cotabato City rivers, Mindanao Island. This study utilizes the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to determine the factors affecting the intention to implement pro-environmental behaviors (n = 387). Results showed that Attitude (ATT) and Subjective Norms (SN) have significant direct effects on the intention to implement pro-environmental behaviors among the respondents. Moderation analysis showed that gender has significant effects on the relationship between Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) and Intention (IN) to implement pro-environmental behaviors. The results of this study may provide insights into the policy design to promote and enhance the resident’s intention to implement pro-environmental behaviors for river conservation and protection. Extending the TPB model to assess other internal and external factors that may affect pro-environmental behaviors is recommended for future studies.
Prioritizing plants for conservation in forests over limestone in Guiuan Marine Resource Protected Landscapes and Seascapes (GMRPLS), Samar Island, Philippines using a localized conservation priority index (LCPI)
Authors: Buot Inocencio , Origenes Marne , Obeña Ren Divien
Published: April 2024

Philippine landscapes and seascapes have been undergoing massive degradation especially with the onset of the Anthropocene epoch. The unique forests over limestone in Guiuan Marine Resource Protected Landscapes and Seascapes in Eastern Samar have never been exempted from ongoing deteriorating conditions leading to the diminishing ecosystem services for the nearby villages. Conservation plan and action are urgent. The current paper determines top-priority plants for conservation using the localized conservation priority index (LCPI), which considers the contexts of the locality. LCPI follows a point scoring procedure recognizing holistic social, cultural, ecological and biophysical variables, such as cultural use, frequency value of occurrences in study plots, species distribution, harvesting risk, and economic use. Research findings indicated Caryota rumphiana Mart., Saribus rotundifolius (Lam.) Blume Artocarpus blancoi (Elmer) Merr., Shorea negrosensis Foxw., Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f., Artocarpus rubrovenius Warb., Nothaphoebe leytensis (Elmer) Merr., Shorea astylosa Foxw., Palaquium sp., Heterospathe intermedia (Becc.) Fernando, Hancea wenzeliana (Slik) S.E.C.Sierra, Kulju & Welzen, Aquilaria cumingiana (Decne.) Ridl., Wallaceodendron celebicum Koord., Palaquium luzoniense (Fern.-Vill.) Vidal, Mastixia sp., Wrightia sp., Lubi-lubi, Kuyakya and Neonauclea formicaria (Elmer) Merr. The leaves, stems, fruits, and flowers are the most-commonly harvested plant parts in high-priority level species, most of which are primarily used for housing and construction. The identified plants were geotagged to intensify onsite protection. The findings are of extreme relevance in providing guidance to protected area staff, local people organizations, and community residents in embarking on urgent conservation action in conserving locally vulnerable biodiversity in order to sustain ecosystem services.
A Study on Factors Influencing Behavioral Intentions for Separating Recyclable Waste in Korea
Authors: Arachchilage C. S. M. Walimuni , Chang Mona
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the intricate relationship between individuals’ environmental knowledge, awareness of the ban on disposable plastic cups, and intentions to separate recyclables. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, the research design, data collection, and methodology encompassed the acquisition of 483 valid samples from 16 major metropolitan cities and provinces in South Korea. Environmental knowledge was assessed, focusing on two pivotal factors: environmental harmfulness and recycling. Path Analysis, executed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), allowed for evaluating path coefficients, specific indirect effects, and total effects of latent variables within the research model. The results illuminate the most influential pathways within the model. Individuals’ attitudes toward separating recyclables substantially impacted their intentions to engage in separation behavior (t = 9.420, R² = 0.380, p < 0.000). Furthermore, environmental knowledge significantly shaped individuals’ attitudes (t = 8.607, R² = 0.271, p < 0.000). Every hypothesis within the model was statistically significant, underscoring the robustness of the findings. An intriguing discovery was that the awareness of the ban on disposable plastic cups exerted a more pronounced influence on individuals’ practical understanding of precise recycling methods, as opposed to their general knowledge about the harmfulness of plastics. In conclusion, this study offers compelling evidence that residents’ environmental knowledge and attitudes toward recycling play pivotal roles in boosting their active participation in waste separation efforts. These findings have substantial implications for environmental policy and awareness campaigns, emphasizing the need to foster knowledge and positive attitudes to promote sustainable recycling practices.
Plastic litter assessment of the riverbanks of Pulot River and its tributary in Sofronio Española, Palawan Island, Philippines
Authors: Escañan Arlene , Gutierrez Carlo , Lubguban Alona , Amparado Ruben , Guihawan Jaime , Bacosa Hernando
Published: April 2024

Rivers are essential sources of plastic litter in the marine environment. Recently, the Philippines was reported as the biggest polluter of plastic litter from riverine sources. However, the riverine plastic litter's origin has been less established. In this study, we determined the density, composition, and accumulation of plastic litter on the riversides of Pulot River and its tributary in Palawan Island, Philippines. We also identified the possible sources of plastic litter. Results showed that the plastic litter density was highest at the river edge during the first sampling period. Litter densities for the predefined zones and sampling periods all showed no significant differences. The most dominant plastic litter types were food packaging and plastic bags, followed by toiletries. ‘Others’ consisted of multilayers, mixed, and plastics accounted for the most abundant polymer types. We identified the residents in the vicinity illegally dumping litter, for there were small illegal dumping sites along the river. These results suggest the urgent need for better waste policy implementation measures to protect the riparian environments and reduce the input of riverine plastic litter into the marine environment to ensure river resource sustainability.
Citizen Science in the Philippines: Coastal biodiversity engagements on a small island
Authors: Aldea Kristian
Published: April 2024

The community's extreme perception of volunteerism (97%) for conservation on a small island relates to the limited resources and coastline vulnerability. This probably results in various types of citizen scientists associated with different coastal biodiversity projects. To elucidate these aspects, I explored the public’s perception of participation in biodiversity conservation, the citizen science groups and their engagements (including profile by gender, age, and frequency of activity), as well as the potential ecological drawback of the engagement (primarily involving Independent Citizen Scientists). Results suggest that the public has a high perception of willingness to participate in citizen science (with three Types of Citizen Scientists). Gender prevalence in the participation is evident (suggesting viable options of participation for both genders) while the age and frequency of activities suggest that younger and more active individuals are significantly present in one type (Independent Citizen Scientists). Data gathering and public services demonstrate the contribution of citizen science to productive coastal biodiversity engagements on the island, although a potentially misguided activity, is also identified. It is emphasized, however, that this does not discourage any type of citizen scientists. This study recommends policy formulation and extended interventions in the island’s coastal biodiversity programs.
Sadrazam ve Şair Ramî Mehmed Paşa Hakkında Yazılan Şiirler
Authors: Topal Ahmet
Published: April 2024

Ramî Mehmed Paşa, 17. yüzyılın Osmanlı siyasi ve edebî hayatında yer edinmiş önemli simalardan biridir. 1655-1708 yılları arasında yaşayan Ramî Mehmed Paşa, Karlofça Antlaşmasındaki başarısı ve sadrazamlık dönemlerindeki faaliyetleriyle Osmanlı imparatorluğu’nun siyasi tarihinde kendisinden bahsettirmiştir. Ramî mahlasıyla yazdığı şiirlerin yer aldığı divançesi ve mensur eserleriyle Osmanlı edebiyatının da bilinen ediplerinden biri olmuştur. İlme ve edebiyata olan ilgisi ve devlet adamı olmanın verdiği güçle Ramî Mehmed Paşa, kendi döneminde yaşayan şair ve yazarlarla yakından ilgilenmiş, kimileriyle sıkı dostluklar kurmuş ve onların çeşitli ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan bir hami görevi üstlenmiştir. Ramî Mehmed Paşa’nın bu nitelikleri dolayısıyla birçok şair, başta kaside olmak üzere ona şiirler sunmuş, çeşitli faaliyetlerine tarih düşürmüşlerdir. Bu makale, tespit edilen şiirler aracılığıyla 17. yüzyılın bu meşhur simasının siyasi ve edebî kimliği hakkında yapılacak çalışmalara katkı sağlama amacını taşımaktadır. Makalede giriş bölümünün ardından kısaca Ramî Mehmed Paşa’nın hayatı anlatılmıştır. Tespit edilen şiirler nazım biçimlerine göre tasnif edilmiştir. Şiirlerden hareketle Ramî Mehmed Paşa’nın karakteri, edebî kişiliği, devlet adamı kimliği hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.
THE RUSSIAN SYSTEM OF CIVIL EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND NEW GEOPOLITICAL CHALLENGES
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kurochkin Aleksandr V. , Morozova Svetlana S. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Emelyanov Sergey V. ,   National Drama Theatre of Russia (Alexandrinsky Theatre)
Published: April 2024

The current digital revolution has already led to a significant transformation of the content, methods, forms and intensity of civic participation in the socio-political life of almost all states of the world. Modern information and communication technologies have influenced the forms and mechanisms for the implementation of public policy in general, have transformed the process of political communication, creating a new virtual dimension of the public sphere. Obviously, the changes that have taken place require citizens to master new competencies that will allow them to effectively interact both with each other and with government institutions within the framework of a new social and political reality. Therefore, the problem of forming a new, civic competence is one of the key ones in the context of the current process of digitalization of politics and management. The relevance of the issues under study is determined, on the one hand, by the extraordinary acceleration of the pace of development and transformation of all spheres of society, which, in turn, dictates the need to create tools to speed up and simplify the process of adaptation, both for each specific individual and socially political institutions, to a rapidly changing reality, and on the other hand, the task of preserving and strengthening the existing political system of the Russian Federation and the foundations of the constitutional order, which is of particular importance in the context of ongoing information wars, the spread of fakes, including the activities of state authorities and state structures, global problems (such as turbulence in world politics, the COVID-19 pandemic, terrorism, climate change, lack of natural resources) and local (unemployment, separatism, poverty), as well as a number of other dangers and threats that continue to face modern states. This article is aimed at forming the conceptual foundations for optimizing the system of Russian civic education in the face of new challenges and risks. The authors pay special attention to the theoretical understanding of the «civic education» concept, identifying its features and functional characteristics. Based on a comparative approach, the authors analyze the scientific literature that touches upon the issues of civic participation, education, forms and methods of its improvement in modern conditions. In conclusion, the authors turn to concrete examples and formulate recommendations for the successful formation of a conceptual model for optimizing the Russian system of civic education.
POLITICIZED ETHNICITY AS AN INSTITUTIONAL OBSTACLE TO THE STRENGTHENING OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN IDENTITY IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Authors:   The Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Avksentev Viktor A.
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the phenomenon of politicized ethnicity in the North Caucasus, its influence on ethno-political processes and ways to reduce the risk-generating impact of this phenomenon on the ethno-political sphere of the region are proposed. The article summarizes the results of a series of studies conducted in the North Caucasus in 2018-2023: event analysis of the ethno-political situation, analysis of positive practices, mass and expert surveys, content analysis of the media, websites of national-cultural associations, blogosphere, content analysis of normative documents, content and discourse analysis of publications of North Caucasian historians. It is shown that the main factors in the politicization of ethnicity in the North Caucasus region are "hyperethnicity" and the institutionalization of ethnicity in the form of "national republics", as well as the ethno-territorial problems and claims caused by these phenomena, and the "memory paradigm" that has developed in the region. It is concluded that it is necessary to strengthen the all-Russian vector of the regional identity policy, and for this purpose a "revision" of the legislative framework in the federal subjects in the North Caucasus is required. Since at the present stage it is impossible and impractical to abandon the institution of republics, it is important to gradually introduce into the public opinion the principle of territoriality, and not titular ethnicity, as the basis of the republics in Russian Federation. It is relevant to change the humanitarian agenda of the North Caucasus, which can go in two directions: the reorientation of public consciousness to the problems of modernization of the region and the integration of the humanitarian space of the "Big South" - the North Caucasus and Southern federal districts. The reformatting of the "memory paradigm" can be achieved by expanding the historical panorama through positively oriented constructions of the historical past, as well as changing the scientific priorities of humanitarian research with an emphasis on topics related to the centuries-old experience of living together of peoples of different cultures. The materials of the article can be used in the preparation of a new Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation.
THE STRATEGY OF “POL’SHCHIZNA” IN THE ETHNO-CONFESSIONAL CONTEXT: SOCIOCULTURAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF BELARUS)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Poliakova Natalia V.
Published: April 2024

The author makes an attempt, based on the work of modern domestic and foreign researchers, to give a systematic description of the strategy of "pol'shchizna", to determine the specifics of its use in the modern Belarusian ethno-confessional context, as well to reveal the role of this strategy at the beginning of the XXI century. This strategy is considered as a long-term system of indirect actions, primarily of a humanitarian plan, which are designed to solve the tasks of the "eastern policy" of the modern Polish state in the format of a comprehensive promotion of "Polishness". The article traces the design of the concept of "pol'shchizna", identifies the goal-setting ideological characteristics and cultural and historical prerequisites of this strategy, and also examines the main directions and the most successful practices of its implementation in the ethno-confessional context of modern Belarus. It is concluded that in Belarus in the 1990s - the first decades of the 21stcentury, a pro-Polish-oriented part of the population was formed, which in many ways became a support for further manipulative actions already in political terms, which was clearly shown by the events around the presidential campaign of 2020. It is argued that referring to the specific experience of implementing this political strategy is useful in modern conditions from the point of view of evaluating the effectiveness of the project of the Union State of Russia and Belarus, as well as developing Russia's own strategy in relation to this region.
Hydraulic modeling of the Periyar River using HEC-RAS: unraveling flow dynamics
Authors: P. C. Aneesh , Thomas Roy M.
Published: April 2024

The Periyar River, a vital component of Kerala's ecosystem in India, serves as a lifeline supporting agriculture, hydropower generation, and ecological equilibrium. This study adopts a multifaceted approach to address critical challenges in the Periyar basin, with a primary focus on flood mitigation due to the region's susceptibility to devastating floods. Covering a length of 67.85 km, the study intricately segments the Periyar River into distinct reaches for a comprehensive steady flow analysis, considering factors such as seasonal monsoon fluctuations, diverse catchment topography, and human-induced alterations. Utilizing advanced modeling techniques, particularly HEC-RAS software, the study effectively predicts and simulates shifts in hydraulic behavior. The results, including velocity plots and cross-sectional maps, offer accurate insights into critical parameters, enabling the identification of areas with high velocity occurrence. This information proves instrumental in making informed decisions for the construction of river restoration structures, crucial for mitigating the impact of floods. The study's findings contribute valuable tools for future forecasting and sustainable management of the Periyar River, addressing the complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors.
Biomedical and Biotechnological Potential of Animal Venoms: Bothrops Snake Venoms and their Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Reimann Raissa , Barreto Breno , Romano Filippo , Medeiros Jade , Camargo Bruna C. , N. da Silva Josiel , Soares Ana Luiza B. , F. de Souza Mateus , Macedo Jamile M. , Kayano Anderson M. , Zuliani Juliana P. , N. de Oliveira Ana , L. da Silva Saulo , Diniz-Sousa Rafaela , Soares Andreimar M.
Published: April 2024

The pursuit of novel treatment alternatives to address the accumulated resistance
to antimicrobials over the years has prompted the scientific community to explore
biodiversity, particularly animal venom, as a potential source of new antimicrobial
drugs. Snake venoms, with their complex mixtures of components, are particularly
promising targets for investigation in this regard. The search for novel molecules exhibiting
antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant strains is of paramount importance
for public health and numerous research groups worldwide. High expectations within
the healthcare field are supported by the scientific literature, which highlights the potential
development of innovative drugs through in vivo and in vitro application, depending
on dose titration. Snake venoms and their molecules and peptides offer exponential possibilities
for biotechnological applications as antimicrobial agents. However, many uncertainties
and unexplored avenues remain, presenting opportunities for discoveries and
research.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Cinnamide
Derivatives as Neuroprotective Agents for the Treatment of Cerebral
Ischemia
Authors: Zhong Yan , Xu Yi , Tan Xin-Zhu , Wang Yu-Ying , Ma Shuang-Yan , Gao Meng-Jie , Wu Bin
Published: April 2024

Background::

Ischemic stroke, the most common type of cerebrovascular accident,
is a major cause of severe disability among adults worldwide. Although there has
been progress in interventions for ischemic stroke in the past decades, there is no effective
treatment to prevent brain damage in acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is urgent
to develop novel neuroprotective agents with a wide therapeutic time window to provide
a better prognosis for ischemic stroke patients.

Objective::

The current study aimed to synthesize novel derivatives with substituent cinnamide
scaffolds, evaluate biological activity, and obtain neuroprotective agents.

Methods::

The target compounds were synthesized using classical methods of medicinal
chemistry. The neuroprotective effects in vitro against Glu-induced neurotoxicity injury
were evaluated in PC12 cells by MTT assay. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow
cytometer. The proteins were detected by western blotting. The neuroprotective activities
in vivo were determined in two in vivo models of global and focal cerebral ischemia.

Results::

Among the title compounds, 9t, 9u, 9y, and 9z exhibited good neuroprotection
in vivo and in vitro, which were selected and further studied to determine their mechanism
of action. 9t, 9u, 9y and 9z protected PC12 cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis
in a dose-dependent manner via caspase-3 pathway. Moreover, the four compounds
significantly reduced brain infarct area and exhibited excellent neuroprotective activities
in the in vivo MCAO model.

Conclusion::

Compounds 9t, 9u, 9y, and 9z, as potent neuroprotective agents with anti-
neurotoxicity activity in vitro and anticerebral infarction efficacy in vivo, might serve
as a useful molecular tool for further physiology and pathophysiology function studies,
leading to potential clinical therapeutic agents for ischemic injury.
Technology for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia and MENA Region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al Hayek Ayman , Al Dawish Mohamed A.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Diabetes technology in the form of digital health or medical devices
holds a promise for improving the quality of life and glycemic outcomes. A comprehensive insight
into diabetes technology and its impact in Saudi Arabia and the MENA region may improve
type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management.

Objective:

his study aimed to assess the impact of different DM-specific technologies: insulin
pump therapy, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and automated insulin delivery system
in terms of glycemic control and QoL among T1DM patients in Saudi Arabia and the MENA
region.

Method:

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Scopus from 2005 until
August 2023. The search was based on the PICO strategy, focusing on T1DM patients, diabetes
technology, and QoL. The inclusion criteria were studies illustrating the effect of diabetes technologies
on glycemic control or quality of life or both among T1DM patients. Systematic reviews,
books, letters, or studies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, were excluded.

Results:

From 101 articles, eighteen studies were duplicated, and thirty-three studies were excluded
after reading the title and abstract. Of the 50 articles analyzed, twenty-five articles did
not meet the inclusion criteria. Therefore, 25 articles involving a total of 3088 participants were
enrolled in the study. It was shown that a continuous glucose monitoring system and continuous
subcutaneous insulin infusion improved the glycemic control and the QoL of T1DM patients.

Conclusion:

There was a positive impact of insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring
(CGM) systems, and telemedicine in achieving optimal glucose control and better QoL. Further
studies are recommended to clarify the significant role of advanced diabetes technologies.
Atrial Thrombus or Atrial Myxoma? Preliminary Analysis of
Echocardiographic Findings of a Case Series
Authors: Hu Guobing , Song Fang
Published: April 2024

Background:

Echocardiography has been proven to be a useful tool for detecting atrial-
occupying lesions, ranging from primary or secondary tumors to thrombi. Although the precise
diagnosis is important as clinical treatment modalities differ, sometimes differentiating a
thrombus from a myxoma is very difficult.

Case Report:

From January 2019 to December 2022, we retrospectively analyzed the echocardiographic
findings of 8 patients who were found to have an interatrial mass. Of the 8 patients,
4 had a right atrial mass, and 4 had a left atrial mass. Based on ultrasonic examination, the initial
diagnosis was a thrombus and the second diagnosis was a myxoma for all 8 patients. All
masses were finally confirmed to be thrombi. Although an echocardiogram can provide significant
information on the nature of atrial masses in many patients, qualitative diagnosis of a small
percentage of atrial masses remains difficult.

Conclusion:

An atrial thrombus is occasionally difficult to differentiate from an atrial myxoma
in patients without atrial fibrillation, especially when it is not attached to the left atrial appendage.
Upon review of the echocardiographic findings of the 8 patients described in our study, it is
essential to highlight the fact that a thrombus can mimic a myxoma and thereby create a diagnostic
conundrum.
Phytochemicals, Herbal Extracts, and Dietary Supplements for Metabolic
Disease Management
Authors: Halagali Praveen , Inamdar Aparna , Singh Jagroop , Anand Amit , Sadhu Poulami , Pathak Rashmi , Sharma Himanshu , Biswas Deepak
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive and effective care techniques have become essential due to the global
epidemic dimensions of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular
ailments. Recent research highlights the potential of dietary supplements, herbal extracts, and
phytochemicals in treating metabolic diseases. This abstract conveys the current state of the science
in this field by highlighting these findings' underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic
applications. Plant-based diets contain naturally occurring bioactive molecules termed phytochemicals,
which have shown promise in treating various metabolic illnesses. Examples include
curcumin, flavonoids, and polyphenols' insulin-sensitizing, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory
properties. Herbal extracts, derived from ancient medicinal herbs, have been used
by people for years to treat a wide range of ailments. Recent studies have shown the efficacy of
these strategies in improving lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, and overall cardiovascular
health. Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals are just a few of the numerous nutritional
supplements that are critical to metabolic health. These vitamins improve insulin sensitivity,
regulate blood sugar, and decrease inflammation. Probiotics and prebiotics also affect the gut
flora, which significantly affects metabolic function. These natural medicines' ability to treat
metabolic diseases either by themselves or in combination with conventional medical interventions.
However, when using it therapeutically, one must consider the differences in doses, individual
responses, and bioavailability. The article concludes that phytochemicals, plant extracts,
and food supplements offer a promising avenue for the management of metabolic illnesses.
Comprehensive research, including clinical studies, is needed to ascertain their safety and efficacy
characteristics. When added to treatment strategies, these natural therapies could be helpful
supplements that improve overall health and the quality of life among individuals with metabolic
diseases. Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, can potentially prevent kidney injury in hyperuricemia
by reducing uric acid, inflammation, apoptosis, DNA damage, and activating antioxidants.
Further research and professional consultation are essential. Factors contributing to metabolic
diseases, current approaches to management nutritional approaches for managing obesityassociated
metabolic impairments in the liver and small intestine, and nutritional approaches for
managing obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation are also explained briefly.
Influence of Interferon Gamma Gene rs2430561 Variant on Complicated
Course of Pneumonia in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Fishchuk Liliia , Rossokha Zoia , Pokhylko Valeriy , Cherniavska Yuliia , Dubitska Olha , Vershyhora Viktoriia , Kovtun Serhii , Podolska Svitlana , Gorovenko Nataliia
Published: April 2024

Background:

Pneumonia is one of the most common complications of the
course of COVID-19. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is an essential cytokine for lung defense
against intracellular and extracellular pathogens. Since the rs2430561 variant of the IFNG
gene, which encodes IFN-γ, affects the production of IFN-γ, it can potentially be associated
with a severe course of COVID-19.

Objective:

The aim of our research was to determine the impact of the rs2430561 variant
of the IFNG gene on the propensity of patients to develop and experience a severe course
of COVID-19-related pneumonia.

Methods:

The study included 117 patients with a complicated course of COVID-19-
associated pneumonia, who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. All patients received
a standard clinical and laboratory evaluation and course of treatment for COVID-
19. IFNG gene variants were determined by PCR method. For comparisons, we used clinical
and laboratory indicators from the inpatients’ medical records, which reflected the
course of the patient's disease, taking into account the rs2430561 variants of the IFNG
gene.

Results:

In the group of patients, the following genotype frequencies were found: TT –
18.8%, TA – 52.1%, and AA – 29.1%. The results showed that AA genotype carriers had
essentially higher SpO2/FiO2 ratio (p=0.043). High base excess rates were present in patients
with the TT genotype (p=0.047). It was found that patients with the T allele
(whether homozygous or heterozygous state) had significantly higher concentrations of
such electrolytes as potassium and sodium (p=0.016 and p=0.004, respectively).

Сonclusion:

In patients with COVID-19, the rs2430561 variant of the IFNG gene is
linked to a complicated course of pneumonia. Certainly, this finding requires further research.
New Schiff Base Derived Organotin (IV) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, In vitro and In silico Biological Studies
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Siwach Priyanka , Sharma Harish Kumar , Tuli Hardeep Singh , Varol Mehmet , Rani Anita , Aggarwal Pallvi
Published: April 2024

Aims:

The creation and testing of new Schiff base-based antibacterial organotin (IV) complexes were the objectives of this investigation.

Background:

Due to developed resistance, antibiotics that were once often used to treat microor-ganisms are no longer effective against them. It is thought that organotin compounds synthesized from Schiff bases have significant pharmacological effectiveness and work well as antibacterial agents.

Methods:

Thiocarbohydrazide and dehydroacetic acid were condensed to create the Schiff base, followed by processing with dialkyltin(IV)dichloride to synthesize the final product. Modern an-alytical techniques were used to clarify the compounds' probable structural details. The crystalline nature of the produced compounds was tested using PXRD.

Results:

All of the compounds were thermally stable up to 300°C. All of the synthesized com-plexes showed potent antibacterial activity in the range of 250 to 400 μg/ml. Furthermore, the computational biology research showed that, in contrast to ligands, which had a binding energy of -7.3 to -7.4 kcal/mol, complexes interacted well with dihydropteroate synthase and DNA gy-rase.

Conclusion:

The current study offered a unique technique for synthesizing diorganotin(IV) de-rivatives of N-substituted Schiff bases that are physiologically active. The results show that the chemicals created are promising antibacterial mediators against diseases that affect humans in the modern world. It might also open the door to future studies on drug-resistant microorganisms that could have biological uses.
Titania NPs: A Review of Their Versatile Roles in Medicine and Synthesis Methods
Authors: Sanattalab Ehsan
Published: April 2024

In this study, we investigate the various applications of titania in the medical field. Titania,
renowned for its biocompatibility and distinctive properties, plays a significant role in pharmaceutical
formulations. It is vital in coating tablets and capsules, improving drug stability and appearance.
Additionally, titania nanoparticles (NPs) facilitate targeted drug delivery systems, enhancing
therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, we explore the promising prospects of titania-based
photocatalysts in photodynamic therapy, highlighting their potential to transform cancer treatment
and combat microbial infections. This comprehensive examination underscores the diverse and
promising opportunities in which titania significantly advances medicine.
The Name of the Rose (Umberto Eco)
Authors: Özbursalı Z. Türkiz
Published: April 2024

The Name of the Rose is a 1986 film by Jean-Jacques Annaud, a novel
adaptation, and a co-production of German, French, and Italian companies. The Name
of the Rose, as it is known, is a 'historical mystery without police' by Umberto Eco, in
which the 'political' authority war between the ruling power and the papacy institution,
the conflicts between sects, and the pressures of religion on the people in Europe at the
beginning of the 14th century, were woven like needlework through a seven-day slice
of life and the seven sins associated with seven deaths. It is a tough novel with a detailoriented approach and philosophical weight in which Eco's deep knowledge is reflected
in every line. The Name of the Rose is a book that has been translated into many
languages, has been selected in the list of The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time by
the British Crime Writers' Association, and has been criticized for its approach to
religion, but has also received much acclaim. Due to these features, it is a long and
luscious work that carries serious risks to be adapted into cinema, and every detail has
a meaning that cannot be ignored.

Yet, in every frame of the film, in all open and closed spaces, the misery of the famine
years of the Middle Ages, the bitter face of poverty, and the oppression of religion can
be seen and felt. As those who have read the novel will remember, Eco began to
describe the structure and the environment from the moment the protagonists started to
see the monastery from afar. Once inside the monastery, all structures of the complex
were explained in detail in terms of their place, size, form, relations with each other,
and decoration. Undoubtedly, it is not possible to reflect this much detail properly in a
limited time; however, it must be admitted that Annaud managed to reflect the general
historical and architectural atmosphere as best as he could. The scenes in which we
watch the eerie depictions of the reliefs, which also observe uneasiness and even fear,
make the audience at least as uncomfortable as Adso.

Cinema, which expresses its concerns through moving images, is a field of study that
reveals its existence in other art branches and has to follow the technology closely.
Literature and cinema, which have a common dramatic source, have always progressed
art in art, and in The Name of the Rose, the relationship and affiliation of architecture,
which is a visual field of study focused on intervention in space and designing the
space for cinema has come to life in a much stronger and more violent way.
Fellini's Rome
Authors: Akarsu Hikmet Temel
Published: April 2024

Fellini's Rome is one of the mature works of the famous Italian director
Federico Fellini. Fans of Fellini's films find high artistry in his cinematic style, which
does not follow coherent fiction, combines extraordinary façades with sad humor, and,
with contradictory and audacious focus, excites every human emotion. Although most
of the critics have described him within the neorealism movement in cinema, it should
be noted that he has an extremely original style that does not fit into this category. It
would be more accurate to say that he has a sui generis expressionist style that
sometimes borders on fantasy and surrealism, requiring a separate definition. The
movie “Fellini's Rome” is one of the refined examples of this new expressionism style.

Fellini paints Rome with a completely different color in his highly impressive film, and
this new color is a very, very different place from the laboratory of architectural
history, which includes that familiar array of monuments. This new Rome is now
completely painted with Fellinian poetry and transports us to other realms with its
richness of image and irony. So, Fellini's Rome gives us an unfamiliar feeling. It allows
us to see the city, which has the world's greatest architectural heritage, from a
completely different perspective. What should it mean for us to shift away from
architectural-monumental structures and turn to different images in such a city that
served as the capital of the Roman Empire for centuries and imprinted itself in the
memory of mankind with extremely powerful images? There, the philosophical and
metaphorical messages of a great director come in the most artistic and mysterious way
and find us. Even if you create the world's most magnificent architectural universe,
your thinking, and even your life will be completely in vain if you cannot grasp the
truth and validity of the human spirit.