bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lowering Plasma 1-Deoxysphingolipids Improves Neuropathy in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Othman Alaa , Bianchi Roberto , Alecu Irina , Wei Yu , Porretta-Serapiglia Carla , Lombardi Raffaella , Chiorazzi Alessia , Meregalli Cristina , Oggioni Norberto , Cavaletti Guido , Lauria Giuseppe , von Eckardstein Arnold , Hornemann Thorsten
Published: October 2014

1-Deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySLs) are atypical neurotoxic sphingolipids that are formed by the serine-palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Pathologically elevated 1-deoxySL concentrations cause hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1), an axonal neuropathy associated with several missense mutations in SPT. Oral L-serine supplementation suppressed the formation of 1-deoxySLs in patients with HSAN1 and preserved nerve function in an HSAN1 mouse model. Because 1-deoxySLs also are elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, L-serine supplementation could also be a therapeutic option for diabetic neuropathy (DN). This was tested in diabetic STZ rats in a preventive and therapeutic treatment scheme. Diabetic rats showed significantly increased plasma 1-deoxySL concentrations, and L-serine supplementation lowered 1-deoxySL concentrations in both treatment schemes (P < 0.0001). L-serine had no significant effect on hyperglycemia, body weight, or food intake. Mechanical sensitivity was significantly improved in the preventive (P < 0.01) and therapeutic schemes (P < 0.001). Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) significantly improved in only the preventive group (P < 0.05). Overall NCV showed a highly significant (P = 5.2E-12) inverse correlation with plasma 1-deoxySL concentrations. In summary, our data support the hypothesis that 1-deoxySLs are involved in the pathology of DN and that an oral L-serine supplementation could be a novel therapeutic option for treating DN.
Efficacy of Do-It-Yourself Whitening as Compared to Conventional Tooth Whitening Modalities: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kwon SR , Meharry M , Oyoyo U , Li Y
Published: October 2014

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of do-it-yourself (DIY) whitening as compared to conventional tooth whitening modalities using different shade assessment tools.

Methods and Materials

Extracted human molars (120) were randomly distributed to six groups (n=20). Whitening was performed according to manufacturer's directions for over-the-counter, dentist-dispensed for home use, and in-office whitening. DIY whitening consisted of a strawberry and baking soda mix. Additionally, negative and positive controls were used. Two evaluators used the Vita Classical (VC) and Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master with interpolated numbers (BGi) for visual assessment at baseline and one-week, one-month, and three-month postwhitening. Instrumental measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer. Kruskal-Wallis procedure was used to assess color changes among groups and intraclass correlation (ICC) to evaluate agreement between evaluators.

Results

DIY exhibited lower color change (ΔSGUVC, ΔSGUBGi, ΔE*, where SGU = shade guide unit and E = overall color change) compared to other whitening groups at all time points (p<0.05). ICC demonstrated very good agreement between evaluators with VC and BGi at each time point. Both shade guides were related with each other and strongly related to instrumental measurements (p<0.05).

Conclusions

DIY whitening was the least effective whitening modality. Both VC and BGi are related with each other and have good correlation with instrumental measurements.
Cognitive Slippage, Psychosis-Proneness, and Schizotypy: A Comment on Loas, et al. (2013)
Authors: Gooding Diane C.
Published: October 2014

Loas, et al. (2013) is an interesting study that raises two important issues: namely, the validity of the Miers and Raulin Cognitive Slippage Scale and the nature of the relationship between thought disorder and schizotypy. Given that thought disorder has been observed in both schizophrenic and affective disordered patients for years, it is important to consider what aspects of thought disorder may be specifically related to a schizophrenia diathesis. In this brief commentary, I discuss some research findings that provide insights in this regard.
The Wilderness Novelty Seeking Scale
Authors: Próchniak Piotr
Published: October 2014

The purpose was to present the new scale of novelty seeking in the context of wilderness. A study of the psychometric properties of the Wilderness Novelty Seeking Scale was conducted, with an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis being carried out and the coefficients of the scale's reliability and stability over time being tested. The convergent validity of the WNSS scale was indicated by positive correlations with sensation seeking, openness to experience, and need for cognition. The divergent validity of the WNSS scale was indicated by non-significant correlations with state-trait anxiety and depression. The correlation between the Wilderness Novelty Seeking Scale and psychological well-being was analyzed. The Wilderness Novelty Seeking Scale seems to be a reliable and valid tool.
Safety of Aerobic Exercise in People With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Single-Group Clinical Trial
Authors: Kluding Patricia M. , Pasnoor Mamatha , Singh Rupali , D'Silva Linda J. , Yoo Min , Billinger Sandra A. , LeMaster Joseph W. , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Herbelin Laura , Wright Douglas E.
Published: October 2014

Background

Exercise is recommended for people with diabetes, but little is known about exercise in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Objective

The primary purpose of this preliminary study was to examine adverse events (AEs) during moderate-intensity, supervised aerobic exercise in people with DPN. The secondary purpose was to examine changes in fatigue, aerobic fitness, and other outcomes after intervention.

Design

This was a single-group preliminary study.

Setting

The setting was an academic medical center.

Participants

Participants were 18 people who were sedentary and had type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy (mean age=58.1 years, SD=5).

Intervention

The intervention was a supervised 16-week aerobic exercise program (3 times per week at 50% to >70% oxygen uptake reserve).

Measurements

Adverse events were categorized as related or unrelated to the study, anticipated or unanticipated, and serious or not serious. Outcomes included fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), cardiovascular fitness (peak oxygen uptake), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), sleep quality, plasma metabolic markers, and peripheral vascular function.

Results

During the study, 57 nonserious AEs occurred. Improvements were found in general fatigue (mean change=−3.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=−1.3, −5.3), physical fatigue (mean change=−3.1; 95% CI=−1.2, −5.0), peak oxygen uptake (mean change=1.1 mL·kg−1·min−1; 95% CI=0.2, 1.9), total body fat (mean change=−1%; 95% CI=−0.3, −1.7), fat mass (mean change=−1,780 g; 95% CI=−616.2, −2,938.7), and peripheral blood flow (mean change=2.27%; 95% CI=0.6, 4.0).

Limitations

This was a small-scale, uncontrolled study. A future randomized controlled trial is needed to fully assess the effects of exercise on the outcomes.

Conclusions

This study provides new support for supervised aerobic exercise in people with DPN. However, it is important for physical therapists to carefully prescribe initial exercise intensity and provide close monitoring and education to address the anticipated AEs as people who are sedentary and have DPN begin an exercise program.
The Sport Concussion Education Project. A brief report on an educational initiative: from concept to curriculum
Authors: Echlin Paul S. , Johnson Andrew M. , Holmes Jeffrey D. , Tichenoff Annalise , Gray Sarah , Gatavackas Heather , Walsh Joanne , Middlebro Tim , Blignaut Angelique , MacIntyre Martin , Anderson Chris , Fredman Eli , Mayinger Michael , Skopelja Elaine N. , Sasaki Takeshi , Bouix Sylvain , Pasternak Ofer , Helmer Karl G. , Koerte Inga K. , Shenton Martha E. , Forwell Lorie A.
Published: October 2014

Current research on concussion is primarily focused on injury identification and treatment. Prevention initiatives are, however, important for reducing the incidence of brain injury. This report examines the development and implementation of an interactive electronic teaching program (an e-module) that is designed specifically for concussion education within an adolescent population. This learning tool and the accompanying consolidation rubric demonstrate that significant engagement occurs in addition to the knowledge gained among participants when it is used in a school curriculum setting.
Bibliometric evaluation of pediatric neurosurgery in North America
Authors: Klimo Paul , Venable Garrett T. , Khan Nickalus R. , Taylor Douglas R. , Shepherd Brandon A. , Thompson Clinton J. , Selden Nathan R.
Published: October 2014

Object

The application of bibliometric techniques to academic neurosurgery has been the focus of several recent publications. The authors provide here a detailed analysis of all active pediatric neurosurgeons in North America and their respective departments.

Methods

Using Scopus and Google Scholar, a bibliometric profile for every known active pediatric neurosurgeon in North America was created using the following citation metrics: h-, contemporary h-, g-, and e-indices and the m-quotient. Various subgroups were compared. Departmental productivity from 2008 through 2013 was measured, and departments were ranked on the basis of cumulative h- and e-indices and the total number of publications and citations. Lorenz curves were created, and Gini coefficients were calculated for all departments with 4 or more members.

Results

Three hundred twelve pediatric neurosurgeons (260 male, 52 female) were included for analysis. For the entire group, the median h-index, m-quotient, contemporary h-, g-, and e-indices, and the corrected g- and e-indices were 10, 0.59, 7, 18, 17, 1.14, and 1.01, respectively; the range for each index varied widely. Academic pediatric neurosurgeons associated with fellowship programs (compared with unassociated neurosurgeons), academic practitioners (compared with private practitioners), and men (compared with women) had superior measurements. There was no significant difference between American and Canadian pediatric neurosurgeons. The mean Gini coefficient for publications was 0.45 (range 0.18–0.70) and for citations was 0.53 (range 0.25–0.80).

Conclusions

This study represents the most exhaustive evaluation of academic productivity for pediatric neurosurgeons in North America to date. These results should serve as benchmarks for future studies.
The Reputation of William Cullen (1710 – 1790): Family, Politics, and the Biography of an ‘Ornate Physician’
Authors: Rendall Jane
Published: October 2014

Recent work by medical historians has demonstrated how John Thomson and his sons wrote their biography of William Cullen in the light of nineteenth-century medical concerns, though that biography remained silent on Cullen's personal life. A deliberate decision was made by John Thomson and the Cullen family to obscure the painful aftermath of Cullen's death. In spite of his distinction and his substantial income from books, teaching, and consultations, Cullen died virtually bankrupt, leaving his daughters without financial support. In March 1791, a case was brought in the Court of Session against William Cullen's eldest son, Robert by the rest of the family, for the return of money due by him to their father's estate, as a result of debts held jointly. The case was finally unravelled, and William Cullen's debts paid, only after Robert's death in 1810. These financial conflicts were accompanied by fundamental social and political differences between the two sides of the family. This history reveals different aspects of William Cullen's own later years. On the one hand, he was ambitious to join a landed elite whose patronage he valued and sought for his family, and within whose polite lifestyle a culture of debt was accepted. Yet he also respected professionalism, domesticity and frugality. Future biographies of this major figure of the Scottish Enlightenment will require the integration of his personal, social and political context with his medical ideas and achievements.
Telephone-Based Adiposity Prevention for Families with Overweight Children (T.A.F.F.-Study): One Year Outcome of a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Markert Jana , Herget Sabine , Petroff David , Gausche Ruth , Grimm Andrea , Kiess Wieland , Blüher Susann
Published: October 2014

The one-year outcome of the randomized controlled T.A.F.F. (Telephone based Adiposity prevention For Families) study is presented. Screening of overweight (BMI-SDS > 90th centile) children 3.5–17.4 years was performed via the German CrescNet database, and candidates were randomized to an intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). The intervention consisted of computer-aided telephone counselling for one year, supported by mailed newsletters. The primary endpoint was change in BMI-SDS; secondary endpoints were eating behavior, physical activity, media consumption, quality of life. Data from 289 families (145 IG (51% females); 144 CG (50% females)) were analyzed (Full Analysis Set: FAS; Per Protocol Set: PPS). Successful intervention was defined as decrease in BMI-SDS ≥ 0.2. In the FAS, 21% of the IG was successful as compared to 16% from the CG (95% CI for this difference: (−4, 14), p = 0.3, mean change in BMI-SDS: −0.02 for IG vs. 0.02 for CG; p = 0.4). According to the PPS, however, the success rate was 35% in the IG compared to 19% in the CG (mean change in BMI-SDS: −0.09 for IG vs. 0.02 for CG; p = 0.03). Scores for eating patterns (p = 0.01), media consumption (p = 0.007), physical activity (p = 9 × 10−9), quality of life (p = 5 × 10−8) decreased with age, independent of group or change in BMI-SDS. We conclude that a telephone-based obesity prevention program suffers from well-known high attrition rates so that its effectiveness could only be shown in those who adhered to completion. The connection between lifestyle and weight status is not simple and requires further research to better understand.
Reasons for Starting and Stopping Electronic Cigarette Use
Authors: Pepper Jessica , Ribisl Kurt , Emery Sherry , Brewer Noel
Published: October 2014

The aim of our study was to explore reasons for starting and then stopping electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. Among a national sample of 3878 U.S. adults who reported ever trying e-cigarettes, the most common reasons for trying were curiosity (53%); because a friend or family member used, gave, or offered e-cigarettes (34%); and quitting or reducing smoking (30%). Nearly two-thirds (65%) of people who started using e-cigarettes later stopped using them. Discontinuation was more common among those whose main reason for trying was not goal-oriented (e.g., curiosity) than goal-oriented (e.g., quitting smoking) (81% vs. 45%, p < 0.001). The most common reasons for stopping e-cigarette use were that respondents were just experimenting (49%), using e-cigarettes did not feel like smoking cigarettes (15%), and users did not like the taste (14%). Our results suggest there are two categories of e-cigarette users: those who try for goal-oriented reasons and typically continue using and those who try for non-goal-oriented reasons and then typically stop using. Research should distinguish e-cigarette experimenters from motivated users whose decisions to discontinue relate to the utility or experience of use. Depending on whether e-cigarettes prove to be effective smoking cessation tools or whether they deter cessation, public health programs may need distinct strategies to reach and influence different types of users.
Lessons from Chlorophylls: Modifications of Porphyrinoids Towards Optimized Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Karcz Dariusz , Boroń Bożena , Matwijczuk Arkadiusz , Furso Justyna , Staroń Jakub , Ratuszna Alicja , Fiedor Leszek
Published: October 2014

Practical applications of photosynthesis-inspired processes depend on a thorough understanding of the structures and physiochemical features of pigment molecules such as chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. Consequently, the major structural features of these pigments have been systematically examined as to how they influence the S1 state energy, lifetimes, quantum yields, and pigment photostability. In particular, the effects of the macrocyclic π-electron system, central metal ion (CMI), peripheral substituents, and pigment aggregation, on these critical parameters are discussed. The results obtained confirm that the π-electron system of the chromophore has the greatest influence on the light energy conversion capacity of porphyrinoids. Its modifications lead to changes in molecular symmetry, which determine the energy levels of frontier orbitals and hence affect the S1 state properties. In the case of bacteriochlorophylls aggregation can also strongly decrease the S1 energy. The CMI may be considered as another influential structural feature which only moderately influences the ground-state properties of bacteriochlorophylls but strongly affects the singlet excited-state. An introduction of CMIs heavier than Mg2+ significantly improves pigments' photostabilities, however, at the expense of S1 state lifetime. Modifications of the peripheral substituents may also influence the S1 energy, and pigments’ redox potentials, which in turn influence their photostability.
Gendered Morality and Development Narratives: The Case of Female Labor Migration from Indonesia
Authors: Chan Carol
Published: October 2014

This article discusses two dominant and contradictory representations of Indonesian female migrant workers: as national “heroes” who contribute to Indonesia’s economic development, or as exploited “victims” of labor abuse. By analyzing public statements by Indonesian state actors, news reports, and migrant activists’ websites, I argue that representations of migrants as victims do not undermine representations of migrants as heroes of development. Instead, in Indonesian public discourses about migrant women, various institutions and actors often evoke similar gendered moral assumptions of what makes a “good” or “bad” Indonesian woman and worker. These assumptions serve narratives that imply which migrant workers are heroes who deserve media attention; which migrants are unfairly abused and deserve state protection; and which migrants partly deserve their tragic fates. I term these assumptions gendered moral hierarchies, which distinguish between “tolerable” and “illegitimate” violence. Gendered moral hierarchies in representations of migrants downplay the responsibility of states and institutions for migrant safety, labor protection, and aspects of social welfare, by emphasizing individual moral responsibility and blame. More attention to gendered moral assumptions behind migrants’ narratives of development and victimhood can illuminate how they experience the risks and promises of transnational labor migration in gendered and culturally specific ways.
Microsatellite primer development for post oak, Quercus stellata (Fagaceae)
Authors: Chatwin Warren B. , Carpenter Kyrie K. , Jimenez Felix R. , Elzinga Dave B. , Johnson Leigh A. , Maughan Peter J.
Published: October 2014

• Premise of the study: The American Cross Timbers forest ecosystem runs from southeastern Kansas to Central Texas and is primarily composed of post oak (Quercus stellata). This old‐growth forest currently occupies only about 2% of its ancestral range. To facilitate genetic research on this species, we developed microsatellite primers specific to post oak from reduced genomic libraries.

• Methods and Results: Two Q. stellata individuals, sampled from the northern and southern range of the post oak forest, were subject to genomic reduction and 454 pyrosequencing. Bioinformatic analysis identified putative microsatellites from which 12 polymorphic primer sets were screened on three populations. The number of alleles observed ranged from five to 20 across all populations, while observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.05 to 0.833 and 0.236 to 0.893, respectively, within individual populations.

• Conclusions: We report the development of microsatellite markers, specific to post oak, to aid the study of genetic diversity and population structure of extant forest remnants.
Development of microsatellite markers for a tropical seagrass, Syringodium filiforme (Cymodoceaceae)
Authors: Bijak Alexandra L. , van Dijk Kor‐jent , Waycott Michelle
Published: October 2014

• Premise of the study: A total of 17 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the tropical Atlantic seagrass Syringodium filiforme (Cymodoceaceae), enabling analysis of population genetic structure in this species for the first time.

• Methods and Results: The 17 primers amplified di‐ and trinucleotide repeats revealing two to eight alleles per locus among the South Florida populations tested. In the analysis of two populations from the Florida Keys (Florida, USA), observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.063 to 0.905, although sampling was from relatively closely located populations so heterozygosity is expected to be higher across larger spatial scales. Multiplex PCRs consisting of two 6‐plex and one 5‐plex reactions were developed to maximize genotyping efficiency.

• Conclusions: We present here 17 polymorphic markers that will be useful for the study of clonality and population structure of S. filiforme, a marine plant that forms extensive habitat throughout the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean.
Vitamin D Pathway Gene Variants and HCV-2/3 Therapy Outcomes
Authors: Cusato Jessica , Allegra Sarah , Boglione Lucio , Nicolò Amedeo De , Baietto Lorena , Cariti Giuseppe , Perri Giovanni Di , D'Avolio Antonio
Published: October 2014

Background

The combination of ribavirin and pegylated interferon-α is considered the standard of care for HCV-2/3 genotypes. The immune system plays a key role in the achievement of a sustained virological response (SVR). Vitamin D seems to influence antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C and its pathway is controlled by polymorphic genes such as CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and VDR. In this study, we have investigated the correlation among the treatment outcomes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the above-mentioned genes and IL28B genes.

Methods

A total of 112 HCV-2/3 patients treated with interferon plus ribavirin were retrospectively studied; allelic discrimination was performed by real-time PCR.

Results

CYP24A1rs2585428, IL28Brs12979860 and rs8099917 SNPs affected treatment failure and body mass index (BMI), Metavir score, IL28Brs8099917TT and CYP24A1rs2585428GG were the only factors able to predict it. SVR was predicted by Metavir score, HCV RNA at baseline and early virological response (EVR). IL28Brs12979860 SNP and HCV RNA were also related to rapid virological response. EVR was predicted by BMI, Metavir score and CYP24A1rs2585428 SNP. IL28Brs8099917TT and FokITT were relapse prediction factors.

Conclusions

In addition to non-genetic factors, SNPs in the vitamin D pathway seem to have a role in HCV-2/3 therapy outcomes. This study reveals the likely usefulness of pharmacogenetic-based ribavirin and interferon therapy to help identify patients for whom therapy could be successful or not, also considering new future expensive therapy options. To date, no similar data were published on these viral genotypes, but further studies in different and bigger cohorts are needed.
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Inhibits HBV Replication in a Hydro Dynamic Injection Murine Model
Authors: Hu Wei , Huang Hai , Zhang Ting-Yu , Mao Ying-Ying , Wang Xue-Jun , Wang Sheng-Qi
Published: October 2014

Background

Chronic HBV infection is a significant public health problem and one major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV impairs the host immune system and results in immunotolerance, which is a major obstacle to HBV therapy. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) is a strong immunostimulant which activates the innate immune response rapidly and has been shown to be an efficient therapy agent in viral infection treatment. Here, we report the anti-HBV activity of CpG-1826 in a hydrodynamic injection murine model.

Methods

CpG-1826 was administrated intraperitoneally every other day in HBV carrier mice established by tail vein hydrodynamic injection of HBV plasmids. The serum concentrations of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV e antigen (HBeAg), HBV surface antibody (HBsAb), HBV core antibody (HBcAb), interferon-α (IFN-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined by ALT kit using a Spectramax Plus spectrophotometer. Hepatic HBV DNA was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of HBV core antigen (HBcAg) in liver was detected by immunohistochemistry. Drug toxicity of CpG-1826 was evaluated by body weighting and liver histopathology confirmation.

Results

CpG-1826 administration inhibited HBV replication efficiently with significant reduction of serum HBsAg and HBeAg, hepatic HBcAg and HBV DNA levels. The serum levels of IFN-α, IFN-γ and HBsAb increased but the HBcAb level declined in the CpG-1826 group compared to CpG-1982 and PBS control groups. Results of ALT activity indicated no significant difference among CpG-1826 group, CpG-1982 and PBS control groups. Body weighting and histopathology examination showed no obvious toxicity.

Conclusions

Given the stimulation activity of a host immune system, CpG ODN is a promising strategy for HBV therapy with more relevant research needed.
Potential Association between Rosuvastatin use and High Atazanavir trough Concentrations in Ritonavir-Treated HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Gervasoni Cristina , Riva Agostino , Rizzardini Giuliano , Clementi Emilio , Galli Massimo , Cattaneo Dario
Published: October 2014

Background

Emerging evidence shows that standard atazanavir (ATV) dosages are associated with considerable interindividual variability in plasma drug concentrations. Given the potential impact of ATV exposure on clinical outcome, in this retrospective study we sought to assess demographic and clinical factors influencing ATV plasma concentrations in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients.

Methods

HIV-infected patients treated with ATV for at least 3 months and with at least one assessment of ATV trough concentrations were enrolled. Blood trough samples were collected from all patients immediately before the next drug intake. Plasma ATV and ritonavir concentrations were quantified by a validated chromatographic method coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed using ATV plasma concentrations as the dependent variable, with demographic and clinical characteristics as the independent ones.

Results

A total of 273 HIV-infected adult patients were included in the present study. Factors significantly associated with increased ATV concentrations by univariate analysis were ATV dosage, number of concomitant drugs, ritonavir or statin use. However, with multivariate regression analysis, the only factors independently and significantly associated with ATV concentrations were ritonavir use ( r=0.291, P<0.0001) and concomitant rosuvastatin therapy ( r=0.315, P<0.0001).

Conclusions

We found that patients on ATV/ritonavir given rosuvastatin concomitantly have ATV concentrations that exceed the upper therapeutic threshold of 800 ng/ml known to be associated with a high risk of experiencing ATV-related side effects. In agreement with previous findings we confirmed the lack of association between other demographic and clinical characteristics such as age, gender, body weight and ATV exposure.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir plus Lamivudine and Abacavir or Zidovudine dose Ratios for Paediatric Fixed-Dose Combinations
Authors: Bouazza Naïm , Foissac Frantz , Fauchet Floris , Burger David , Kiechel Jean-René , Treluyer Jean-Marc , Capparelli Edmund V , Lallemant Marc , Urien Saïk
Published: October 2014

Background

Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is available in a liquid formulation that is far from ideal for treatment of children in resource-poor settings. Flexible, low-cost, solid, oral fixed-dose combinations (FDC) of LPV/r with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (LPV/r/abacavir [ABC]/lamivudine [3TC] and LPV/r/zidovudine [ZDV]/3TC) are needed to improve both management and adherence of children. This work aimed to develop appropriate drug ratios and dosing for each FDC.

Methods

Data from 25 combined datasets included therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical studies from IMPAACT and PENTA. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using Monolix. Monte-Carlo simulations of WHO and FDA dosing recommendations were performed to assess their ability to provide optimal exposure in children weighing 4 to 25 kg based on consensus plasma targets. The LPV/r:3TC:ZDV(ABC) dose ratios were 2.67:1:2(2), respectively.

Results

Using WHO dosage, LPV efficacy target was reached in all weight bands. Given the recommended drug ratios, the dosage for the 4–5.9 kg weight band (LPV/ZDV: 120/90 mg twice daily [bid]) showed more than 20% of subjects had ZDV levels at high risk of neutropenia. Reducing the LPV/ZDV dose to 80/60 mg bid decreased frequency of high ZDV concentrations but retained the LPV efficacy criteria.

Conclusions

This defined a flexible and simple FDC containing 40 mg LPV, 10 mg ritonavir, 15 mg 3TC and 30 mg ABC or ZDV. According to the weight bands defined by WHO, 4–5.9 kg, 6–9.9 kg, 10–13.9 kg, 14–19.9 kg, 20–24.9 kg, therapeutic doses would be 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 individual units administered by oral route bid.
Ellipse de compléments et de pseudo-compléments de verbes dans les énoncés situationnels en français
Authors: Marque-Pucheu Christiane
Published: October 2014

Les ellipses du complément dans les expressions situationnelles relèvent du paradoxe, traduisant un chevauchement entre langue et discours. Tout en recevant un « remplissage » situationnel souvent imprévisible, elles sont préconstruites d’après les règles de la syntaxe et les propriétés lexicales des verbes correspondants et apparaissent même dans des constructions sui generis qui relèvent de la Grammaire des constructions.
Pour une pornographie féministe
Authors: Tijou Brigitte , Patouillard Victoire
Published: October 2014

Résumé Alors que la pornographie a souvent été jetée aux oubliettes du féminisme, Ovidie, actrice et réalisatrice de films X, intervient dans le féminisme précisément depuis la pornographie. Elle se revendique d’un « féminisme pro-sexe », milite pour une pornographie féministe et pour une reconnaissance des travailleuses du sexe.
Un anti-héros
Authors: Renouard Jean-Philippe , Constantino Arlindo
Published: October 2014

Résumé Le colonel Carlos Matos Gomes a fait partie de cette génération de jeunes capitaines à l’origine de la Révolution des œillets. Il est l’un des rares à avoir poursuivi une carrière au sein de l’armée portugaise. Sous le nom de plume de Carlos Vale Ferrez, il est l’auteur de romans et d’essais historiques qui ont pour cadre les guerres coloniales en Afrique et la révolution ; il travaille actuellement à un scénario pour le réalisateur brésilien Ruy Guerra. Il a bien voulu revenir ici sur les circonstances et l’héritage du 25 avril 1974.
« Une révolution telle qu'elle doit être »
Authors: Renouard Jean-Philippe , Wajeman Lise
Published: October 2014

Résumé Depuis longtemps, la comédienne Maria de Medeiros avait le projet de mettre en scène l’épopée des capitaines d’avril. Elle a vingt ans quand elle rencontre Salgueiro Maia, héros de cette révolution et qui deviendra le protagoniste de Capitaines d’avril. Écrit et dirigé par une jeune femme de 35 ans qui n’a pas vécu directement l’événement, le film est la première fiction réalisée sur l’événement majeur de l’histoire portugaise contemporaine. D’où cette rencontre avec Maria de Medeiros pour évoquer la genèse d’un film, à la fois maladroit et bouleversant, et la manière dont il a été perçu au Portugal.
L'île Portugal
Authors: Renouard Jean-Philippe , Wajeman Lise
Published: October 2014

Résumé Pierre Léglise-Costa fut le commissaire des Rencontres France-Portugal 2000. C’est comme spectateur et acteur de l’histoire contemporaine du Portugal, que nous lui avons demandé son point de vue, nourri également par ses activités d’enseignement à Paris VIII et de traducteur de Antonio Lobo Antunes.
Yasmine Halevy, éditrice, sensibilité d'extrême-gauche
Authors: Zaoui Pierre
Published: October 2014

Résumé Jeune femme de trente ans, extrêmement hospitalière et drôle dès que la défiance fut rompue, Yasmine est éditrice, au sens anglo-saxon du terme, spécialisée dans la traduction en hébreu de littérature française. Elle revenait d’un voyage en Cisjordanie où elle était allée apporter, dans un convoi d’une vingtaine de voitures, une aide alimentaire et médicale à un village palestinien près de Naplouse. Elle n’appartient à aucune organisation particulière, mais participe régulièrement à de telles actions.
Yehouda Moralli, metteur en scène, enseignant, colon
Authors: Zaoui Pierre
Published: October 2014

Résumé Yehouda Moralli, anciennement Bernard Moralli, est un juif d’Algérie qui a fait Techouva (retour à la religion) et est venu s’installer dans un Yishouv (colonie) de l’aristocratie religieuse, Shalun Avouhot. À 30 km de Jérusalem, c’est-à-dire déjà au cœur de la Cisjordanie. Son accueil fut chaleureux et confiant, et la rencontre tourna autour de son incroyable parcours. Ce n’est pas un colon typique, mais il n’est pas sûr qu’il y en ait. C’est un colon tout court : quelqu’un qui vit dans une colonie religieuse.
Tamar Gozanski, députée du Hadash
Authors: Zaoui Pierre
Published: October 2014

Résumé Mme Gozansky est la coqueluche d’innombrables Israéliens... et à peu près personne ne vote pour le Hadash : 80 000 électeurs en 1999, dont deux tiers d’arabes et un tiers de juifs. Des amis qui votent Likoud couvrent de louanges son honnêteté et ses actions humanitaires, avant d’ajouter : « bien entendu, elle est complètement folle ». Voilà le problème : pourtant avisé, lucide et modéré, son discours n’a pas prise sur l’écrasante majorité des Israéliens. La rencontre a tourné autour de la question de l’état des principales organisations de gauche face à cette nouvelle Intifada, et plus généralement depuis Oslo.
Meir Buzaglo, universitaire en philosophie à l'université de Jérusalem
Authors: Zaoui Pierre
Published: October 2014

Résumé Spécialiste de Maïmonide et de philosophie analytique, Meir Buzaglo a été de sensibilité d’extrême-gauche au début des années 1970, dans le sillage de son frère engagé plus radicalement encore au Mafpen (groupuscule anti-sioniste dissout pour activités illégales). Il se définit aujourd’hui comme participant du «  mainstream » , c’est-à-dire travailliste, avec une sympathie particulière pour certaines positions du Shas. Politiquement et personnellement, il a en effet opéré un retour prononcé au judaïsme sépharade de ses origines marocaines. Cordiale et simple, là encore, cette rencontre a tourné autour de la position des intellectuels d’inspiration juive face au conflit.
Avant-propos : s'approprier ou se déprendre ?
Authors: Grelet Stany , Roizès Olivier
Published: October 2014

Résumé La rubrique Chantiers consiste habituellement à chercher les moyens de s’approprier un objet politique réputé inappropriable. Or il se pourrait cette fois, s’agissant de l’Afrique, qu’il faille au contraire s’en déprendre.
La stratégie du ridicule
Authors: Crachat Catherine
Published: October 2014

Résumé « Nous mourrons de n’être pas assez ridicules. » Il fallait s’appeler Rose Prudence, Annie-Elm, Catherine Crachat, Catherine Glaviot ou Pépita Régalo pour avancer un slogan aussi juste. Entre 1973 et 1978, ces filles géniales ont tenu la chronique du « sexisme ordinaire » dans les Temps Modernes, textes rassemblés sous le même titre aux Éditions du Seuil en 1979. Cet ouvrage est aujourd’hui épuisé, ce qui est parfaitement inadmissible. Nous exigeons sa réédition immédiate. Pour tromper l’attente, extraits. (...)
Tranchée artère
Authors: Vasset Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé La chronique géographique de Philippe Vasset
Quatre lettres d'afrique
Authors: Mangeot Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé S’adressait-elle à l’enquêteur amateur, la protestation ironique du Djiboutien Abdourahman A. Waberi, quand il se dit agacé par les questions de « journalistes de troisième zone qui ont mal digéré leur tiers-mondisme »  ? À l’en croire, peu de rencontres qui n’aient débuté par deux questions rituelles  : 1) Pourquoi écrivez-vous en français  ? et 2) Comment va l’Afrique  ? Inquiet, il rembobina mentalement la bande de l’entretien. Sauvé  : on n’avait pas exactement commencé comme ça...
le train (extraits)
Authors: Gallienne Emmanuelle
Published: October 2014

Résumé 10 Il arrive que nous soyons très nombreux à dormir dans le même compartiment. Qu’y faire ? C’est un événement qui se reproduit à intervalles irréguliers, et qui demeure imprévisible en vérité. Dans la nuit la chaleur augmente, l’espace clos s’épaissit de toutes les haleines réunies. Je sens peu à peu mon visage se laisser modeler par ces souffles tièdes et denses ; ma chair enfle, et mes doigts, devenus gourds. On entend par intermittences une protestation, un soupir appuyé. À l’évidence, chacun souhaite (...)
Squotiti, secoue-toi
Authors: Casalino Silvia
Published: October 2014

Résumé De loin, l’histoire des Centri sociali semble celle, un peu triste, d’une clandestinité victime de son succès et passée dans les mœurs. rapprochons-nous, alors : on découvrira une histoire moins linéaire, celle de lieux plusieurs fois réinventés, matrices et baromètres de l’inventivité italienne des trente dernières années. Qu’est-ce qu’une culture doit aux marges où elle s’invente ? La naissance en Italie des Centri Sociali s’inscrit dans un contexte culturel particulièrement statique. Durant les trente (...)
En attendant le mariage
Authors: Mangeot Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé La gay pride a-t-elle vécu ? Le modèle qu’elle a fondé, où se nouent l’événement festif et le geste politique d’auto-affirmation, reste fécond. Mais elle est contestée dans la communauté homosexuelle. Plaidoyer – ou tombeau – pour la pride.
La vie et les aventures de l'œuvre de P. Alternhals (2)
Authors: Arsic Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé extraits
une nature meilleure
Authors: Monnier Pascalle
Published: October 2014

Résumé un territoire
Coopératives, mutuelles et mouvement social en Italie, de l'unité italienne à la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Meriggi Maria Grazia
Published: October 2014

Le mouvement coopératif italien partage la multiplicité de ses attaches dans différents milieux : les réformateurs libéraux mais surtout le monde des travailleurs socialistes. Il noue aussi des liens très spécifiques avec le syndicat des ouvriers agricoles et ce rapport étroit avec le monde des campagnes a continué jusqu’aux années qui ont suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Les différents âges de la solidarité mutualiste en France : un concept singulier, des pratiques évolutives
Authors: Toucas-Truyen Patricia
Published: October 2014

Depuis un siècle et demi, la solidarité est un marqueur identitaire du mouvement mutualiste en France. La mise en perspective historique permet de rappeler que, loin de s’imposer comme une évidence, la mise en œuvre de ce concept a été constamment renouvelée, et qu’elle a été source de tensions au sein du mouvement.
Análisis espectral de materiales geológicos en la Cordillera Volcánica Central de Costa Rica y su relación con la detección remota de anomalías
Authors: Rejas J. G. , Martínez-Frías J. , Martínez R. , Marchamalo M. , Bonatti J.
Published: October 2014

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el estudio de bandas de absorción y reflexión de espectros de materiales geológicos presentes en distintas áreas de test de la Cordillera Volcánica Central (CVC) de Costa Rica, y su correlación con el cálculo automático de anomalías a partir de espectrometría de imagen de alta resolución, también llamada teledetección hiperespectral. En la detección de respuestas anómalas se asume un no conocimiento previo de los objetivos. Los píxeles se separan automáticamente en función de su información espectral diferenciada respecto de un fondo que se estima, bien de manera global para toda la escena, bien localmente por segmentación de la imagen o ventanas de búsqueda, para lo que resulta significativo la caracterización de patrones en base a las bandas diagnóstico de los materiales geológicos.
El estudio se ha llevado a cabo a partir de rangos del espectro electromagnético del visible e infrarrojo cercano, infrarrojo de onda corta y térmico de cubos de datos hiperespectrales procedentes de los sensores aeroportados HyMAP y MASTER. Se han diseñado experimentos sobre escenarios semiurbanos y naturales de la CVC de diferente complejidad, analizando el comportamiento del detector de anomalías estándar RX (Reed & Xiaoli, 1990) y métodos distintos subespaciales y basados en proyección de imagen. Entre los métodos comparados con RX se propone uno nuevo denominado Detector de Anomalías de Fondo Térmico (DAFT), método que proyecta miembros puros espectrales sobre un subespacio térmico que define el fondo espectral, y que a su vez supone una variante de Projection Pursuit (Malpica et al., 2008). Se discuten los resultados obtenidos y se realiza una aproximación sobre las implicaciones en procesos geológicos, así como en análogos terrestres para exploración planetaria.
La sostenibilidad en la arquitectura industrializada: cerrando el ciclo de los materiales
Authors: Wadel G. , Avellaneda J. , Cuchí A.
Published: October 2014

La condición de sostenibilidad, desde el punto de vista físico, puede ser definida como el cierre de los ciclos materiales, alcanzándose éste en un sistema determinado cuando no existen flujos de residuos sino que los recursos se reciclan constantemente. Tal condición encuentra un fuerte obstáculo en el modelo productivo que caracteriza a la mayor parte de la industria contemporánea, nacido en la revolución industrial, que puede sintetizarse en la secuencia lineal extracción > fabricación > uso > residuo. En oposición a ello, el modelo productivo en el que se centra la investigación que aquí se presenta es la ecología industrial y se basa en el ejemplo de la biosfera como máquina de reciclar. Supone la eliminación del concepto de residuo y puede resumirse en el ciclo continuo de reciclaje-fabricación-uso-reciclaje.
La hipótesis planteada consiste en que, a partir de los sistemas de construcción modular ligera que se comercializan bajo el sistema de alquiler (que hace posible que los módulos regresen a la fábrica una vez cumplida su vida útil, recuperándose sus componentes) se puede desarrollar un sistema de gestión de los recursos empleados en el ciclo de vida de los edificios capaz de cerrar los ciclos materiales hasta en un 90% (en la construcción convencional se alcanza un 10%).
Effect of direct-fed microbials on utilization of degradable intake protein in receiving steers
Authors: Kenney N. M. , Vanzant E. S. , Harmon D. L. , McLeod K. R.
Published: October 2014

Kenney, N. M., Vanzant, E. S., Harmon, D. L. and McLeod, K. R. 2015. Effect of direct-fed microbials on utilization of degradable intake protein in receiving steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 93–102. One hundred ninety-two crossbred beef steers (280±25 kg) were assigned to a 5×2 factorial; degradable intake protein (DIP; 80, 90, 100, 110, 120% of requirement) with and without a direct-fed microbial (DFM) primarily containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecium (109CFU steer−1d−1). Dry matter intake, morbidity, and immune response were not affected (P≥0.11). The first 28 d, average daily gain (ADG) did not differ with DIP in control, but increased in a cubic fashion with DFM (DIP×DFM; P=0.05). No differences (P≥0.25) in ADG occurred from days 29 to 56; however, there was a tendency (P=0.08) for a cubic increase in ADG with increasing DIP with DFM over 56 d. The first 28 d, growth efficiency did not differ across DIP levels in control but increased linearly with DFM (DIP×DFM; P=0.05). No differences (P≥0.21) in efficiency were observed from days 29 to 56 or overall. Without DFM, fecal pH decreased between days 7 and 14; however, with DFM there was no change in pH (DFM×time; P<0.05). Performance response to DFM is dependent on DIP; however, DFM does not impact morbidity or humoral immune response.
An alternative computing strategy for genomic prediction using a Bayesian mixture model
Authors: Chen Liuhong , Li Changxi , Schenkel Flavio
Published: October 2014

Chen, L., Li, C. and Schenkel, F. 2015. An alternative computing strategy for genomic prediction using a Bayesian mixture model. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 1–11. Bayesian methods for genomic prediction are commonly implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling schemes, which are computationally demanding in large-scale applications. An alternative computing algorithm, called right-hand side updating strategy (RHSU), was proposed by exploiting the sparsity feature of the marker effects in a Bayesian mixture model. The new algorithm was compared with the conventional Gauss–Seidel residual update (GSRU) algorithm by the number of floating point operations (FLOP) required in one round of MCMC sampling. The two algorithms were also compared in a Holstein data example with the training data size varying from 1000 to 10 000 and a marker density of 35 790 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Results showed that the proposed RHSU algorithm would outperform the traditional GSRU algorithm when the sample size exceeded a fraction of the number of the SNPs, which typically varied from 0.05 to 0.18 when the proportion of SNPs with no effect on the trait varied from 0.90 to 0.95. Results from the Holstein data example agreed very well with theoretical expectations. With adoption of a 50 k SNP panel and an increasing training data size, RHSU would be very useful if Bayesian methods are preferable for genomic prediction.
Sistema pesqueiro da Baía da Babitonga, litoral norte de Santa Catarina: uma abordagem etnoecológica
Authors: Pinheiro Luciana , Cremer Marta
Published: October 2014

Este artigo caracteriza o sistema de pesca artesanal na Baía da Babitonga, região estuarina do litoral norte de Santa Catarina. Descreve as modalidades de pesca, formas de exploração dos recursos, características dos petrechos e dinâmicas na transformaçao da pesca local. A pesquisa se apoiou em entrevistas parcialmente estruturadas, com informantes especialistas, e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com informantesaleatórios.
As relações sociedade/natureza sob a perspectiva de co-evolução
Authors: Miranda Rosana Barroso
Published: October 2014

As políticas de conservaçao e manejo dos recursos naturais brasileiros têm sido embasadas na correspondência estreita entre a noção de sustentabilidade ecológica regulada pelas leis do mercado e a de equilíbrio a ser restaurado e mantido no funcionamento dos ecossistemas. A vinculação entre essa noção de sustentabilidade e a de equilíbrio linear do ecossistema têm gerado a idéia de proteção total à Natureza,bem como uma lógica de manejo e conservação formulada a partir de modelos biológicos de estoques em equilíbrio e em evoluçao linear, geridos pelo seu rendimento máximo sustentado. Também a noção da relação ser humano/natureza tem sido concebida a partir de uma lógica única de apropriaçao da natureza, preconizada pelo destino inevitável da sobre-exploração dos recursos manejados de forma comunal. Coibições oriundas desse paradigma têm atingido frontalmente as populações humanas estreitamentevinculadas aos ecossistemas, gerando crescentes conflitos de uso de recursos naturais, degradação ambiental progressiva, e processos de pauperizaçao e de exclusão social dessas populações. Com o intuito de fomentar reflexões sobre possibilidades alternativas de apropriação e de conservação dos recursos naturais, o presente ensaio visa apontar argumentos teóricos e estudos de caso que tratam a relação ser humano/natureza sob a perspectiva da co-evolução.