bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focused group discussion with health care staff improves breastfeeding rates in hospitalized infants
Authors: Sari Agnes Yunie Purwita , Roeslani Rosalina Dewi , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati
Published: January 2018

Background Improving breastfeeding in sick infants is essential. During the neonatal care, health care staff play an important role in promoting breastfeeding. Therefore, it is important to study in depth how healthcare staff can improve breastfeeding practice in sick neonates.Objective To compare breastfeeding rates in sick infants before and after a focused group discussion (FGD) of health care staff on how to improve breastfeeding.Methods This study was an operational study using FGD and in-depth interviews as an intervention. A fish bone diagram was used to assess problems that may prevent mothers from breastfeeding their sick infants. Breastfeeding achievement was compared before and after the FGD.Results Of 257 sick infants, 177 subjects were in the before FGD group and 80 subjects were in the after FGD group. Significantly more after FGD subjects were breastfed during hospitalization than before FGD subjects [97.5% vs. 82.9%, respectively; (x2 =9.43; P=0.002)]. Breastfeeding initiation within 0-4 hours of birth was also significantly higher in the after FGD group [10 (12.5%) vs. 6 (3.5%), respectively; (x2 = 52.5; P<0.001)]. The solutions for breastfeeding problems were: 1) support of hospital management, 2) support of healthcare workers for breastfeeding mothers, 3) support of husbands and families for breastfeeding mothers, 4) financial support, 5) other factors such as level of care and consistent FGD events, and 6) a prospective cohort study.Conclusion The FGD with health care staff significantly increases breastfeeding achievement during infant hospitalization, and accelerated breastfeeding initiation. A fish bone diagram is used to effectively assess the problems with breastfeeding programs for sick babies.
Intravenous paracetamol and patent ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants
Authors: Adriansyah Rizky , Idris Nikmah S. , Djer Mulyadi M. , Putra Sukman T. , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati
Published: January 2018

Background Indomethacin and ibuprofen are the drugs of choice for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. However, intravenous preparations are of limited availability in Indonesia. Circumstantial evidence has shown that intravenous paracetamol may be an alternative therapy for PDA closure in premature infants.Objective To evaluate the effect of intravenous paracetamol on PDA closure in preterm infants.Methods A before-and-after study was conducted between May and August 2014 in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta in preterm infants with hemodynamically significant PDAs, as established by echocardiography using the following criteria: duct diameter >1.4 mm/kg, left atrium to aorta ratio >1.4, and mean velocity in the left pulmonary artery >0.42 m/s or mean diastolic velocity in the left pulmonary artery >0.2 m/s. Subjects, aged 2 and 7 days, received intravenous paracetamol (15 mg/kg every six hours) for 3 days. Paired T-test was used to compare pre-intervention PDA diameter to those assessed at 24 hours after the intervention and at 14 days of life.Results Twenty-nine subjects had a mean gestational age of 30.8 weeks and mean birth weight of 1,347 grams. Nineteen (65.5%) patients had closed PDAs at the day 14 evaluation, 1 experienced PDA reopening, and 9 had failed PDA closure. No liver toxicity was identified. Mean duct diameters before, 24 hours after the intervention, and at 14 days of life were 3.0, 0.9, and 0.6 mm, respectively (P<0.0001).Conclusion Intravenous paracetamol seems to be reasonably effective for PDA closure in preterm infants.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and atopic dermatitis severity in children
Authors: Munawwarah Laily , Evalina Rita , Sofyani Sri
Published: January 2018

Background Vitamin D plays an important role in the immune system. It inhibits B-lymphocyte proliferation and modulates the humoral response to suppress IgE production. Studies on the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and the severity of atopic dermatitis in several countries have had varying results.Objective To assess for a possible correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and atopic dermatitis severity in children.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 26 children with atopic dermatitis from September to December 2015. We evaluated the severity of disease using the Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index and measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels. Spearman’s test was used to analyze for a correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and the atopic dermatitis  score in children with atopic dermatitis.Results Mean SCORAD index was 32.0 (SD 14.99) , with a range of 10.9 to 71.4. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level was 41.1 (SD 24.81) ng/mL, with a range of 10-137 ng/mL. There was a moderate correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and the SCORAD index (r=-0.591), with higher SCORAD index associated with lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level (P=0.01).Conclusion There is a moderate correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and the SCORAD index in children with atopic dermatitis.
PEMBERDAYAAN DAI LOKAL DARI DAKWAH KONVENSIONAL MENUJU DAKWAH PROFESIONAL DI KABUPATEN PASAMAN, SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Kamal Muhiddinur
Published: January 2018

Program Da’i Nagari merupakan program pemberdayaan elemen masyarakat di kabupaten Pasaman khususnya di bidang keagamaan dengan mengangkat Da’i yang berasal dari SDM lokal nagari (desa) untuk membangun nagari. Program yang dimulai sejak tahun 2003 berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Bupati Pasaman bernomor: 188.45/321/BUP-Pas/2003 hingga saat ini program Da’i Nagari masih tetap berjalan (Arsip Kesra Kabupaten Pasaman).Program Da’i Nagari yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah kabupaten Pasaman Provinsi Sumatera Barat, terinspirasi dari keberadaan ulama di Minangkabau pada masa lalu yang memiliki andil besar dan memberikan kontribusi yang luar biasa dalam membangun masyarakat Minangkabau.Keberadaan Ulama “tempo doeloe” bukan sekedar sebatas pendakwah, namun lebih dari itu sebagai motor penggerak pembangunan masyarakat menuju masyarakat yang egaliter, demokratis dan mandiri di Minangkabau. Peran ulama yang besar tersebut dalam masyarakat menjadikan keberadaan ulama pada masa lalu di Minangkabau setara dengan pemimpin pucuk atau yang dikenal dengan “Rajo Tigo Nan Tigo Selo” (Raja yang Tiga Sela) yaitu pertama, Raja Alam yang berkedudukan di Pagaruyung sebagai pimpinan yang menyatukan adat dan dan Agama, kedua, raja adat yang berkedudukan di Buo sebagai pemegang kekuasaan tertingi dibidang adat dan ketiga, Raja Ibadat yang berkedudukan di Sumpur Kudus sebagai pemegang kekuasaan tertinggi di bidang agama.Perjalanan panjang sejarah di Minangkabau khususnya berbagai peristiwa yang mewarnai perjalanan masyarakat tersebut, mulai dari penaklukan Minangkabau oleh Belanda dan melemahnya otoritas tradisional di Minangkabau, secara perlahan-lahan memberi pengaruh terhadap pelemahan peran dan kedudukan tokoh agama di masyarakat. Tokoh agama pada awalnya setara dengan pimpinan tertinggi di masyarakat melalui pola kepemimpinan Tungku T igo Sajarangan (ninik mamak, alim ulama dan cerdik pandai/ umara, ulama dan cendikia) yang intinya sebagai pimpinan yang memiliki peran penting dalam pembangunan masyarakat. Peran itu lambat laun mulai menyempit dengan pengertian dakwah yang sempit. Dakwah di maknai sebatas hubungan manusia dengan tuhannya (Hablum min Allah), dan sering mengabaikan bahkan melalaikan perannya sebagai transformasi sosial (Hablum min Annas).Keberadaan program pemberdayaan Da’i nagari di Kabupaten Pasaman, memperluas fungsi Da’i bukan saja sebagai pendakwah yang berkutat pada ceramah dan kajian agama semata (dakwah konvensional) tetapi lebih dari itu sebagai transformasi sosial dalam menanggapai dan menyelesaikan persoalan- sosial kemasyarakatan, baik ekonomi, sosial dan budaya umat (Dakwah profesional). Konsekuensi dari Da’i Nagari profesional ini pemerintah kabupaten Pasaman juga memberikan berbagai persyaratan dalam pengangkat Da’i Nagari tersebut berupa persyaratan pendidikan seperti sarjana, dan persyaratan kompetensi sosial, kompetensi personal dan kompetensi profesional lainnnya.
KERAGAMAN ISLAM DALAM FILM INDONESIA BERTEMA ISLAM
Authors: Rohimi Primi
Published: January 2018

Tanggapan umat Islam terhadap film adalah positif selama film digunakan untuk perjuangan umat Islam dan bukan untuk menghancurkan umat. Simbol-simbol Islam ada di dalam perfilman internasional sudah sejak lama. Film Indonesia bertema Islam diproduksi sudah sejak tahun 1960-an.Kemudian pada tahun 1970-an dan 1980-an bermunculan film-film bertema Islam yang misinya serta inti ceritanya memang untuk dakwah Islam. Di antaranya film-film yang dibintangi dan dibuat oleh Rhoma Irama. Film tersebut penuh dengan simbol Islam, baik dalam dialog di antara para tokohnya maupun dalam kostum mereka. Film-film Indonesia bertema Islam bisa dilihat sebagai film sejarah, drama dan laga. Film Indonesia bertema Islam yang bermuatan sejarah tidak hanya membawa misi Islam, namun juga perjuangan, nasionalisme dan patriotisme. Dari film-film Indonesia bertema Islam yang ada, banyak pemikiran, aliran, mazhab dan warna Islam yang merupakan keragaman Islam. Islam yang ditafsirkan beragam oleh umatnya, hadir dalam praktik kehidupan sehari-hari yang menunjukkan kekayaannya.Meskipun mendapatkan respon yang beragam baik dalam bentuk pro kontra, namun film bisa menjadi media alternatif yang damai dalam menyampaikan keragaman Islam. Makalah ini akan membuka wawasan studi keislaman dan analisis wacana tentang keragaman Islam yang tercapture oleh film Indonesia bertema Islam dari tahun 1980 hingga tahun 2014.
DAKWAH NATIO-EDUCATION PADA MASYARAKAT EKS TAHANAN POLITIK DI KAMPUNG NANGA-NANGA KOTA KENDARI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Syahrul Syahrul
Published: January 2018

Kemajemukan  bangsa  Indonesia  tidak  hanya  pada  aspek-aspek yang selama ini populer di masyarakat seperti budaya, suku, bahasa, agama ataupun ras. Lebih dari itu, kemajemuk-an nampak pula pada kondisi sosial yang mengalami pelapisan“atas-menengah-bawah”,  terdidik-kurang  terdidik,  bahkan pelabelan berdasarkan latar belakang afiliasi politik seperti “kiri-tengah-kanan”. Fakta-fakta sosial tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya  perbedaan  perlakuan  bagi  masing-masing komunitas  yang  mengalami  polarisasi  tersebut  baik  secara struktural, kultural maupun politik.Mengambil  setting pada  masyarakat eks  tahanan politik  di Kampung  Nanga-Nanga  Kota  Kendari  Propinsi  Sulawesi Tenggara,  tulisan  ini  merupakan  upaya  melukiskan  kondisi suatu komunitas yang mengalami ketidakadilan secara sosial akibat pilihan mereka di masa lalu. Fakta lain yang menjadi sorotan  adalah  rendahnya  partisipasi  mereka  terhadap pendidikan.  Sehingga  tulisan  ini  juga  merupakan  ikhtiar memberikan tawaran solutif atas permasalahan tersebut.Masyarakat eks tahanan politik Kampung Nanga-Nanga Kota Kendari Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara adalah komunitas yang diasingkan dari hiruk-pikuk  penyelenggaraan negara akibat peristiwa 30 September 1965. Meskipun reformasi pada mei 1998 memberi harapan rehabilitasi, tetapi kondisi traumatik yang demikian kuat tidak memberi perubahan berarti dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat kampung Nanga-Nanga. Proses isolasi masyarakat eks tahanan politik yang telah berlangsung cukup  lama  di  tempat  itu  menciptakan  stigma  bahwa kampung  Nanga-Nanga  dan  masyarakatnya  merupakan lapisan asing dalam struktur masyarakat di Kota Kendari.Akibat  dari  pengasingan  itu  masyarakat  kampung  Nanga-Nanga  menunjukkan  beberapa  perilaku  seperti:  pesimisme dalam berbangsa dan bernegara, apriori terhadap lembaga pendidikan,  sensitif  terhadap  agama,  dan  tertutup  dalam pergaulan sosial.Kondisi masyarakat eks tahanan politik di kampung Nanga-Nanga  yang  mayoritas  beragama  Islam  menghadirkan tawaran tentang perlunya pendekatan agama dalam konteks membangun  kesadaran  berbangsa  dan  menumbuhkan semangat  untuk  bersekolah.  Pendekatan  strategis  tersebut diharapkan  menjadi  gerakan  dakwah  kebangsaan  dan perbaikan layanan pendidikan. Akibatnya strategi dakwah ini menuntut  keterlibatan  seluruh  elemen  masyarakat  baik pemerintah,  tokoh  agama,  tokoh  masyarakat,  pemuda, mahasiswa dan lembaga pendidikan.
Production of isomelezitose from sucrose by engineered glucansucrases
Authors: Côté Gregory L. , Dunlap Christopher A. , Vermillion Karl E. , Skory Christopher D.
Published: January 2018

Certain lactic acid bacteria produce glycosyltransferases known as glucansucrases, which synthesize α-D-glucans via glucosyl transfer from sucrose. We recently reported on the formation of the unusual trisaccharide isomelezitose in low yields by a variety of glucansucrases. Isomelezitose is a rare non-reducing trisaccharide, with the structure α-d-glucopyranosyl- (1→6)-β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-α-d-glucopyranoside. In this work, we describe the synthesis of isomelezitose in high yields by variants of glucansucrases engineered to contain a single point mutation at a key leucine residue involved in acceptor substrate binding. Some variants produce isomelezitose in yields up to 57%. This method is amenable to large-scale production of isomelezitose for food, industrial and biomedical applications.
Meet the family − the catalog of known hot subdwarf stars
Authors: Geier Stephan , Østensen Roy H. , Nemeth Peter , Heber Ulrich , Gentile Fusillo Nicola P. , Gänsicke Boris T. , Telting John H. , Green Elizabeth M. , Schaffenroth Johannes
Published: January 2018

In preparation for the upcoming all-sky data releases of the Gaia mission, we compiled a catalog of known hot subdwarf stars and candidates drawn from the literature and yet unpublished databases. The catalog contains 5613 unique sources and provides multi-band photometry from the ultraviolet to the far infrared, ground based proper motions, classifications based on spectroscopy and colors, published atmospheric parameters, radial velocities and light curve variability information. Using several different techniques, we removed outliers and misclassified objects. By matching this catalog with astrometric and photometric data from the Gaia mission, we will develop selection criteria to construct a homogeneous, magnitude-limited all-sky catalog of hot subdwarf stars based on Gaia data. As first application of the catalog data, we present the quantitative spectral analysis of 280 sdB and sdOB stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. Combining our derived parameters with state-of-the-art proper motions, we performed a full kinematic analysis of our sample. This allowed us to separate the first significantly large sample of 78 sdBs and sdOBs belonging to the Galactic halo. Comparing the properties of hot subdwarfs from the disk and the halo with hot subdwarf samples from the globular clusters ! Cen and NGC 2808, we found the fraction of intermediate He-sdOBs in the field halo population to be significantly smaller than in the globular clusters.
Influence of dissolution products of a novel Ca-enriched silicate bioactive glass-ceramic on VEGF release from bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Balasubramanian Preethi , Detsch Rainer , Esteban-Tejeda Leticia , Grünewald Alina , Moya José S. , Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: January 2018

This study evaluated the influence of ionic dissolution products of a novel Ca-enriched silicate bioactive glass compared to commercial available hydroxyapaptite samples (Endobonr) on cell activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release in vitro. Bone marrow stromal cells (ST-2) were cultivated with the supernatant of granules of different sizes and at different concentrations (0-1 wt/vol % of granules) for 48 h. In addition to in vitro studies, Ca-ion release from all as cell morphology observation revealed no cytotoxic effect of the released products from all tested materials. It was found that supernatants from granules in concentrations of 1 wt/vol %enhanced the VEGF release from ST2 cells, which is important as a marker of the vascularisation ability of the glass during the bone healing process.
The Politics of Genre and Gender in Tabitha Gilman Tenney’s Female Quixotism
Authors: Ivana Dragoş
Published: January 2018

The present article focuses on transatlantic female quixotism, as enacted by Tabitha Tenney’s heroine, Dorcasina Sheldon. I argue that quixotism can be read as an interface between the events of the story and the Federalist conservative discourse that underlies them. In doing so, I claim that, in terms of gender, the heroine’s misreading of romances transforms her into a political tool whereby the ideals of female freedom and agency, social mobility, gender equality, racial equity and abolitionism-effective under Thomas Jefferson’s administration-are satirically depicted and seen as delusory in post-Revolutionary America. In terms of generic categories, I will show how Female Quixotism blurs the epistemological boundaries between truth and fiction by juxtaposing novel and romance, used interchangeably, with history.
Reduction of free fatty acids in waste oil for biodiesel production by glycerolysis: investigation and optimization of process parameters
Authors: Mićić Radoslav , Tomić Milan , Martinović Ferenc , Kiss Ferenc , Simikić Mirko , Aleksic Aleksandra
Published: January 2018

Influence of the process parameters for the industrially relevant reaction of free fatty acid (FFA) with glycerol is investigated. Furthermore, several drying techniques are investigated and a novel method is suggested that can provide more realistic experimental conditions. Silica as an absorbent is found to be a more suitable method for water removal than distillation or carrier gas. Using response surface methodology, important parameters are identified and optimal conditions found. Empirical correlation is developed to account for the most important parameters. Both oil:glycerol ratio and temperature have optimal values for which the highest conversion can be achieved. Interestingly, the highest conversion can be obtained at 220°C; above this temperature the conversion decreases. It is found that the influence of oil:glycerol ratio also exhibits anomalous behavior, where conversion is constant and decreases above a certain value. At optimal conditions, the FFA is reduced to 1.6% from the initial 8.6%.
Effect of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Sunflower Seeds Quality
Authors: Drumeva Miglena , Yankov Petar
Published: January 2018

The investigation was carried out at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo, Bulgaria, and encompassed the period 2009–2010. The experiment involved four double haploid fertility restorer lines (DH-R-2, DH-R-7, DH-R-116 and DH-R-128), which have shown in our previous studies various degree of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary under artificial infection conditions. Ten plants from each investigated line were inoculated by the Straw-method at stage 5-6th pair of leaves. The plants were self-pollinated and the seeds obtained from them, as well as the seeds from the check plants (not infected), were analyzed for the traits 1000 seed weight, % of kernel, oil in kernel and protein content in kernel. Variations in the quality characteristics of the sunflower seeds were found in all investigated lines, the degree of quality “deterioration” having different expression according to the tolerance of the line to the pathogen. Lines DH-R-2 and DH-R-7 formed seeds with lower seed weight and percent of kernel. These seeds had lower oil and protein content. The established variations in the quality of the seeds between lines DH-R-116 and DH-R-128 and the check variants were not statistically significant.
Mathematical Morphology on Irregularly Sampled Data in One Dimension
Authors: Asplund Teo , Hendriks Cris L. Luengo , Thurley Matthew J. , Strand Robin
Published: January 2018

Mathematical morphology (MM) on grayscale images is commonly performed in the discrete domain on regularly sampled data. However, if the intention is to characterize or quantify continuous-domain objects, then the discrete-domain morphology is affected by discretization errors that may be alleviated by considering the underlying continuous signal. Given a band-limited image, for example, a real image projected through a lens system, which has been correctly sampled, the continuous signal may be reconstructed. Using information from the continuous signal when applying morphology to the discrete samples can then aid in approximating the continuous morphology. Additionally, there are a number of applications where MM would be useful and the data is irregularly sampled. A common way to deal with this is to resample the data onto a regular grid. Often this creates problems where data is interpolated in areas with too few samples. In this paper, an alternative way of thinking about the morphological operators is presented. This leads to a new type of discrete operators that work on irregularly sampled data. These operators are shown to be morphological operators that are consistent with the regular, morphological operators under the same conditions, and yield accurate results under certain conditions where traditional morphology performs poorly.
Crystal Structure of ethyl (E)-3,4-dimethyl-5-((2-(4-methylbenzoyl)hydrazono)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate — water — ethanol (1/1/1), C20H29N3O5
Authors: Wu Hao , Hu Qiang , Wang Yuan
Published: January 2018

C20H29N3O5, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.1571(18) Å, b = 10.505(2) Å, c = 11.576(2) Å, α = 94.509(4)°, β = 92.570(4)°, γ = 102.312(3)°, V = 1082.4(4)) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0543, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1704, T = 296(2) K.
Hunting High and Low: Gravettian Hunting Weapons from Southern Italy to the Russian Plain
Authors: Borgia Valentina
Published: January 2018

The current paper aims at describing and analysing the backed tools found in two Early Gravettian sites separated geographically from each other: Grotta Paglicci (layer 23-22) in Italy, and Kostenki 8 (layer II) in Russia. A similarity between the lithic assemblages of the two sites, and other cultural aspects, has been reported by authors over many decades. The analysis of the backed tools has created the opportunity to apply the same methodological approach to verify the resemblance and potential causes for the similarity, and also to address broader considerations on Gravettian hunting strategies and the modalities and timing of the spread of new techniques, whether related to physical movement of people or assimilation of ideas. The perception is that, during the Gravettian period, shared symbolic behaviours and subsistence strategies linked people living in completely different environments with completely different resources, from the temperate regions of southern Italy, to the very cold Russian plains. This point of view cannot be questioned, but it tends to flatten an articulated palimpsest of human generations and to underestimate the very low demographic density of Prehistoric Europe.
Place Reference In Interaction
Authors: Enfield N.J. , Roque Lila San
Published: January 2018

The language of place and space has been intensively studied in relation to grammatical characteristics, cross-linguistic variation, and cognition, as well as with regard to further questions central to social anthropology, psychology, and more. With this special issue, we focus on the pragmatic functions of references to places, as observed in informal social interaction. When people make reference to places in casual, everyday conversation, how do they do it, in what situations, and to what ends? We offer the first collection of findings from research on place reference in spontaneous, multi-party speech, with studies based on conversations recorded in the diverse geographic and cultural environments of outback Australia, highland New Guinea, island Indonesia and rural Mexico. The authors explore, from a range of angles, how and why people talk about place, for example, in regard to the vocabulary and grammar that a language has available to categorise space, and how people choose from among referential options in situated conversation to achieve communicative, social, and practical goals.
Positive Pressure Ventilation Improves Exercise Performance and Attenuates the Fall of Postexercise Inspiratory Muscular Strength in Rower Athletes
Authors: Gonçalves Thiago R. , Soares Pedro Paulo da S.
Published: January 2018

Gonçalves, TR and Soares, PP. Positive pressure ventilation improves exercise performance and attenuates the fall of postexercise inspiratory muscular strength in rower athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 253–259, 2021—Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) can increase exercise performance in cyclists, but its effects are unclear in other exercise modes, especially those using large muscle mass. The aim of this study was to compare the exercise performance and postexercise inspiratory muscles' strength with and without PPV (NO-PPV) during rowing. Nine male rowers (19 ± 1 year) participated in 3 experimental days (M1, M2, and M3) separated by 1 week. In M1, rowers performed a 2,000-m test (2k) on a rowing ergometer to obtain average power (W2k). In M2 and M3, the rowers performed 4 minutes' workouts at 55, 65, 75, and 85% W2k, respectively, separated by 1 minute of recovery, with PPV and NO-PPV application in randomized order. Blood lactate (La) was measured during intervals. After submaximal exercises, with 10 minutes of “cool down,” the rowers performed a maximal performance test of 4 minutes (4-minute all-out rowing). Traveled distance was computed and correlated with maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) changes from pretest to posttest (∆). Positive pressure ventilation application increased the traveled distance in relation to NO-PPV exercise (1,210.7 ± 45.5 vs. 1,199.8 ± 43.4 m, p ≤ 0.05). The ∆MIP (cmH2O) was lower in PPV as compared to NO-PPV exercise (−19.1 ± 10.2 vs. −26.3 ± 7.9 cmH2O, p ≤ 0.05). The [La] showed no significant difference between PPV and NO-PPV exercises (p > 0.05). Therefore, the PPV during whole-body rowing exercise improved the exercise performance and attenuated the inspiratory postexercise fatigue. These findings suggest that inspiratory muscles' strength plays a role during high-intensity exercise with large muscle mass.
Effects of Variable Resistance Using Chains on Bench Throw Performance in Trained Rugby Players
Authors: Godwin Mark S. , Fernandes John F.T. , Twist Craig
Published: January 2018

Godwin, MS, Fernandes, JFT, and Twist, C. Effects of variable resistance using chains on bench throw performance in trained rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 950–954, 2018—This study sought to determine the effects of variable resistance using chain resistance on bench throw performance. Eight male rugby union players (19.4 ± 2.3 years, 88.8 ± 6.0 kg, 1RM 105.6 ± 17.0 kg) were recruited from a national league team. In a randomized crossover design, participant's performed 3 bench throws at 45% one repetition maximum (1RM) at a constant load (no chains) or a variable load (30% 1RM constant load and 15% 1RM variable load; chains) with 7 days between conditions. For each repetition, the peak and mean velocity, peak power, peak acceleration, and time to peak velocity were recorded. Differences in peak and mean power were very likely trivial and unclear between the chain and no chain conditions, respectively. Possibly greater peak and likely greater mean bar velocity were accompanied by likely to most likely greater bar velocity between 50 and 400 ms from initiation of bench press in the chain condition compared with the no chain condition. Accordingly, bar acceleration was very likely greater in the chain condition compared with the no chain condition. In conclusion, these results show that the inclusion of chain resistance can acutely enhance several variables in the bench press throw and gives support to this type of training.
Constant Rate of Strain Consolidation Testing of Saturated Cohesive Soils Without Back Pressure Saturation
Authors: Landon Melissa E. , Marchetti Chistopher , DeGroot Don J.
Published: January 2018

ASTM D4186/D4186M-12, Standard Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Saturated Cohesive Soils Using Controlled-Strain Loading, requires back pressure saturation for all specimens to accurately measure pore fluid pressure and flow behavior. Constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation testing performed without back pressure saturation has the potential to provide significant time and cost savings, as the need for costly back pressure saturation equipment and the time required for specimen back pressure saturation would be eliminated. The results of one-dimensional CRS consolidation comparison tests performed with and without back pressure saturation on high quality Sherbrooke block and 76-mm diameter modified tube specimens and on reconstituted specimens of low overconsolidation ratio, soft, saturated clays are presented herein. Comparison of the compression curves from specimens tested with and without back pressure saturation, especially at stresses greater than the estimated in situ vertical effective stress, show good agreement. Flow behavior between the two types of specimens is more erratic at low stresses but becomes more comparable as the effective stress level increases. It can be concluded from the results that accurate CRS consolidation stress–strain behavior can be measured for saturated specimens tested without back pressure saturation for stresses greater than the in situ vertical effective stress.
A Pulse Compression Technique for Improving the Temporal Resolution of Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Jiao Jingpin , Ma Ting , Hou Song , Wu Bin , He Cunfu
Published: January 2018

It is difficult to interpret ultrasonic signals when the echoes that are reflected from the various target features overlap. In this paper, a pulse compression technique based on a combination of Wiener filtering and autoregressive (AR) spectral extrapolation is used to process ultrasonic signals to improve their temporal resolution. The influence of the AR order and the width of the frequency window in AR spectral extrapolation are discussed in detail, and optimal parameters are obtained. The technique is then applied to measure the size of the defects in a plate and discern two adjacent defects in a block using a phased array. It is shown that the widths of the defects in the plate were measured accurately and the two adjacent defects were distinguished well by the proposed technique.
Visually-Driven Maps in Area 3b
Authors: Kuehn Esther , Haggard Patrick , Villringer Arno , Pleger Burkhard , Sereno Martin I.
Published: January 2018

Sensory perception relies on the precise neuronal encoding of modality-specific environmental features in primary sensory cortices. Some studies have reported the penetration of signals from other modalities even into early sensory areas. So far, no comprehensive account of maps induced by “foreign sources” exists. We addressed this question using surface-based topographic mapping techniques applied to ultra-high resolution fMRI neuroimaging data, measured in female participants. We show that fine-grained finger maps in human primary somatosensory cortex, area 3b, are somatotopically activated not only during tactile mechanical stimulation, but also when viewing the same fingers being touched. Visually-induced maps were weak in amplitude, but overlapped with the stronger tactile maps tangential to the cortical sheet when finger touches were observed in both first- and third-person perspectives. However, visually-induced maps did not overlap tactile maps when the observed fingers were only approached by an object but not actually touched. Our data provide evidence that “foreign source maps” in early sensory cortices are present in the healthy human brain, that their arrangement is precise, and that their induction is feature-selective. The computations required to generate such specific responses suggest that counterflow (feedback) processing may be much more spatially specific than has been often assumed.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing ultra-high field fMRI, we provide empirical evidence that viewing touches activates topographically aligned single finger maps in human primary somatosensory cortical area 3b. This shows that “foreign source maps” in early sensory cortices are topographic, precise, and feature-selective in healthy human participants with intact sensory pathways.
Genome-Wide Characterization of DNA Methylation in an Invasive Lepidopteran Pest, the Cotton BollwormHelicoverpa armigera
Authors: Jones Christopher M , Lim Ka S , Chapman Jason W , Bass Chris
Published: January 2018

The genes and genomes of insect pests are shaped by the wide array of selective forces encountered in their environments. While the molecular adaptations that evolve are beginning to be understood at the genomic and transcriptomic level, they have been less well characterized at an epigenetic level. Here, we present a genome-wide map of DNA methylation at single-nucleotide resolution for the cotton bollworm moth, Helicoverpa armigera, a globally invasive pest of agriculture. We show that methylation is almost identical in the larvae and adults of H. armigera and that, through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), at the most ∼0.9% of CpG sites in this species are methylated. We find that DNA methylation occurs primarily in exons, is positively correlated with gene expression, and that methylated genes are enriched for cellular “housekeeping” roles. H. armigera has an exceptional capacity for long-range migration. To explore the role of methylation in influencing the migratory phenotype of H. armigera, we performed targeted bisulfite sequencing on selected loci from 16 genes that were differentially expressed between adult moths exhibiting distinct flight performance in behavioral assays. While most CpG sites in these genes were not methylated between flight phenotypes, we identified hypermethylation in a demethylase (KDM4) that targets lysine-specific histone modifications, which are strongly associated with transcription and methylation. The H. armigera methylome provides new insights into the role of DNA methylation in a noctuid moth and is a valuable resource for further research into the epigenetic control of adaptive traits in this important pest.
Large-Scale Low-Cost NGS Library Preparation Using a Robust Tn5 Purification and Tagmentation Protocol
Authors: Hennig Bianca P , Velten Lars , Racke Ines , Tu Chelsea Szu , Thoms Matthias , Rybin Vladimir , Besir Hüseyin , Remans Kim , Steinmetz Lars M
Published: January 2018

Efficient preparation of high-quality sequencing libraries that well represent the biological sample is a key step for using next-generation sequencing in research. Tn5 enables fast, robust, and highly efficient processing of limited input material while scaling to the parallel processing of hundreds of samples. Here, we present a robust Tn5 transposase purification strategy based on an N-terminal His6-Sumo3 tag. We demonstrate that libraries prepared with our in-house Tn5 are of the same quality as those processed with a commercially available kit (Nextera XT), while they dramatically reduce the cost of large-scale experiments. We introduce improved purification strategies for two versions of the Tn5 enzyme. The first version carries the previously reported point mutations E54K and L372P, and stably produces libraries of constant fragment size distribution, even if the Tn5-to-input molecule ratio varies. The second Tn5 construct carries an additional point mutation (R27S) in the DNA-binding domain. This construct allows for adjustment of the fragment size distribution based on enzyme concentration during tagmentation, a feature that opens new opportunities for use of Tn5 in customized experimental designs. We demonstrate the versatility of our Tn5 enzymes in different experimental settings, including a novel single-cell polyadenylation site mapping protocol as well as ultralow input DNA sequencing.
Improving Genomic Prediction in Cassava Field Experiments Using Spatial Analysis
Authors: Elias Ani A , Rabbi Ismail , Kulakow Peter , Jannink Jean-Luc
Published: January 2018

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple food in sub-Saharan Africa. Breeding experiments were conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in cassava to select elite parents. Taking into account the heterogeneity in the field while evaluating these trials can increase the accuracy in estimation of breeding values. We used an exploratory approach using the parametric spatial kernels Power, Spherical, and Gaussian to determine the best kernel for a given scenario. The spatial kernel was fit simultaneously with a genomic kernel in a genomic selection model. Predictability of these models was tested through a 10-fold cross-validation method repeated five times. The best model was chosen as the one with the lowest prediction root mean squared error compared to that of the base model having no spatial kernel. Results from our real and simulated data studies indicated that predictability can be increased by accounting for spatial variation irrespective of the heritability of the trait. In real data scenarios we observed that the accuracy can be increased by a median value of 3.4%. Through simulations, we showed that a 21% increase in accuracy can be achieved. We also found that Range (row) directional spatial kernels, mostly Gaussian, explained the spatial variance in 71% of the scenarios when spatial correlation was significant.
Selection-Enhanced Mutagenesis of lac Genes Is Due to Their Coamplification with dinB Encoding an Error-Prone DNA Polymerase
Authors: Yamayoshi Itsugo , Maisnier-Patin Sophie , Roth John R
Published: January 2018

To test whether growth limitation induces mutations, Cairns and Foster constructed an Escherichia coli strain whose mutant lac allele provides 1–2% of normal ability to use lactose. This strain cannot grow on lactose, but produces ∼50 Lac+ revertant colonies per 108 plated cells over 5 days. About 80% of revertants carry a stable lac+ mutation made by the error-prone DinB polymerase, which may be induced during growth limitation; 10% of Lac+ revertants are stable but form without DinB; and the remaining 10% grow by amplifying their mutant lac allele and are unstably Lac+. Induced DinB mutagenesis has been explained in two ways: (1) upregulation of dinB expression in nongrowing cells (“stress-induced mutagenesis”) or (2) selected local overreplication of the lac and dinB+ genes on lactose medium (selected amplification) in cells that are not dividing. Transcription of dinB is necessary but not sufficient for mutagenesis. Evidence is presented that DinB enhances reversion only when encoded somewhere on the F’lac plasmid that carries the mutant lac gene. A new model will propose that rare preexisting cells (1 in a 1000) have ∼10 copies of the F’lac plasmid, providing them with enough energy to divide, mate, and overreplicate their F’lac plasmid under selective conditions. In these clones, repeated replication of F’lac in nondividing cells directs opportunities for lac reversion and increases the copy number of the dinB+ gene. Amplification of dinB+ increases the error rate of replication and increases the number of lac+ revertants. Thus, reversion is enhanced in nondividing cells not by stress-induced mutagenesis, but by selected coamplification of the dinB and lac genes, both of which happen to lie on the F’lac plasmid.
New Role for an Old Protein: An Educational Primer for Use with “The Identification of a Novel Mutant Allele of topoisomerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans Reveals a Unique Role in Chromosome Segregation During Spermatogenesis”
Authors: Boateng Ruby , Allen Anna K
Published: January 2018

Modern experimental techniques, such as whole-genome sequencing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 endogenous genome editing, are enabling researchers to identify and further characterize the roles of proteins that were previously thought of as well defined. In the December 2016 issue of GENETICS, an article by Jaramillo-Lambert et al. identified a new role for the enzyme topoisomerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans male meiosis. This Primer article is designed to provide essential background information on C. elegans spermatogenesis and the relevant scientific techniques that will assist students and instructors in their understanding and discussion of the related article.

Related article in GENETICS: Jaramillo-Lambert, A., A. S. Fabritius A. S., T. J. Hansen T. J., H. E. Smith H. E., and A. Golden A., 2016 The identification of a novel mutant allele of topoisomerase II in Caenorhabditis elegans reveals a unique role in chromosome segregation during spermatogenesis. Genetics  204:  1407–1422.
An Expanded Role for the RFX Transcription Factor DAF-19, with Dual Functions in Ciliated and Nonciliated Neurons
Authors: De Stasio Elizabeth A , Mueller Katherine P , Bauer Rosemary J , Hurlburt Alexander J , Bice Sophie A , Scholtz Sophie L , Phirke Prasad , Sugiaman-Trapman Debora , Stinson Loraina A , Olson Haili B , Vogel Savannah L , Ek-Vazquez Zabdiel , Esemen Yagmur , Korzynski Jessica , Wolfe Kelsey , Arbuckle Bonnie N , Zhang He , Lombard-Knapp Gaelen , Piasecki Brian P , Swoboda Peter
Published: January 2018

Regulatory Factor X (RFX) transcription factors (TFs) are best known for activating genes required for ciliogenesis in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In humans, eight RFX TFs have a variety of tissue-specific functions, while in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the sole RFX gene, daf-19, encodes a set of nested isoforms. Null alleles of daf-19 confer pleiotropic effects including altered development with a dauer constitutive phenotype, complete absence of cilia and ciliary proteins, and defects in synaptic protein maintenance. We sought to identify RFX/daf-19 target genes associated with neuronal functions other than ciliogenesis using comparative transcriptome analyses at different life stages of the worm. Subsequent characterization of gene expression patterns revealed one set of genes activated in the presence of DAF-19 in ciliated sensory neurons, whose activation requires the daf-19c isoform, also required for ciliogenesis. A second set of genes is downregulated in the presence of DAF-19, primarily in nonsensory neurons. The human orthologs of some of these neuronal genes are associated with human diseases. We report the novel finding that daf-19a is directly or indirectly responsible for downregulation of these neuronal genes in C. elegans by characterizing a new mutation affecting the daf-19a isoform (tm5562) and not associated with ciliogenesis, but which confers synaptic and behavioral defects. Thus, we have identified a new regulatory role for RFX TFs in the nervous system. The new daf-19 candidate target genes we have identified by transcriptomics will serve to uncover the molecular underpinnings of the pleiotropic effects that daf-19 exerts on nervous system function.
MaizeDek37Encodes a P-type PPR Protein That Affectscis-Splicing of Mitochondrialnad2Intron 1 and Seed Development
Authors: Dai Dawei , Luan Shengchao , Chen Xiuzu , Wang Qun , Feng Yang , Zhu Chenguang , Qi Weiwei , Song Rentao
Published: January 2018

Mitochondrial group II introns require the participation of numerous nucleus-encoded general and specific factors to achieve efficient splicing in vivo. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have been implicated in assisting group II intron splicing. Here, we identified and characterized a new maize seed mutant, defective kernel 37 (dek37), which has significantly delayed endosperm and embryo development. Dek37 encodes a classic P-type PPR protein that targets mitochondria. The dek37 mutation causes no detectable DEK37 protein in mutant seeds. Mitochondrial transcripts analysis indicated that dek37 mutation decreases splicing efficiency of mitochondrial nad2 intron 1, leading to reduced assembly and NADH dehydrogenase activity of complex I. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed severe morphological defects of mitochondria in dek37. Transcriptome analysis of dek37 endosperm indicated enhanced expression in the alternative respiratory pathway and extensive differentially expressed genes related to mitochondrial function. These results indicated that Dek37 is involved in cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad2 intron 1 and is required for complex I assembly, mitochondrial function, and seed development in maize.
Monitoring Cityringen Metro project in Copenhagen, Denmark
Authors: Falbe-Hansen Katrine , Paulatto Enrico , Arce Juliao Ivi
Published: January 2018

Due to open in 2019, Cityringen Metro in Copenhagen, Denmark, consists of 17 underground stations, five shafts and 15·57 km of twin tunnels. Construction is in dense urban areas and much of the tunnelling was in soft ground or mixed-face conditions. Continuous monitoring of the ground, structures, groundwater, noise and vibration has been critical to successful completion of the 8 year project. Monitoring data were also used to justify design changes to avoid intrusive mitigation measures. Illustrated with case studies, this paper describes the scope of the monitoring and how the extensive amount of data was managed.
Book Review: Copyright and E-learning: A Guide for Practitioners. Jane Secker, with Chris Morrison.
Authors: McCleskey Sarah
Published: January 2018

This review discusses the book Copyright and E-learning: A Guide for Practitioners by Jane Secker with Chris Morrison.
An Interview with Peter Jaszi, Professor of Law, Faculty Director of the Glushko-Samuelson Intellectual Property Clinic
Authors: Taylor Tucker , Myers Carla S. , Wesolek Andrew
Published: January 2018

Peter Jaszi, copyright expert, lawyer, professor and author, was interviewed by the editors of the Journal of Copyright in Education and Librarainship on his carreer, influences, and copyright law, including what the future may hold for libraries and copyright. He also discusses the Codes of Best Practices for Fair Use, and gives advice for librarians who work with copyright.
Section 108 Revision: Nothing New Under the Sun
Authors: Butler Brandon , Russell Carrie
Published: January 2018

Section 108 of the Copyright Act lays out a series of specific protections for reproduction and distribution of copyrighted works by libraries and archives. Disagreement has always been associated with Section 108 as it strikes a balance between the needs of libraries and the market prerogatives of copyright holders, especially publishers. It is also part of a larger balance in the Copyright Act between specific ex-ceptions and flexible users’ rights embodied in Section 107, which cov-ers fair use. In the summer of 2016, the Copyright Office announced it was putting the finishing touches on a substantial rewrite of Section 108. To inform discussion of Section 108 revision, this article explores the history of Section 108 and of proposed Section 108 revisions, argu-ing that Section 108 has served libraries well in its current form, and that “reform” in the current political climate is unlikely to yield any worthwhile improvements to the statute. Instead, history shows that any revision process is likely to be a vehicle for restricting the activi-ties of libraries and raising the cost of access to information. Libraries should maintain the position that has guided them for more than half a century: vigilant defense of fair use and skepticism of negotiated specific exceptions. As this piece went to press, the Copyright Office re-leased its draft rewrite of the law, and a brief appendix reflects on how the draft stands up to the concerns we raise.