bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SUCROSE FEEDING ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
Authors: Cohen A. M.
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Feeding high sucrose diets to human volunteers and experimental animals results in impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia and impaired serum insulin‐like activity. Breeding selected rats with impaired glucose tolerance caused by sucrose feeding produces in succeeding generations: diabetes, renal arteriosclerosis, and renal and retinal diabetic‐like angiopathy. The starch‐fed siblings develop none of these changes. The interaction between genetics and sucrose consumption in the production of diabetes mellitus is thus proved.

This experimental model explains the development of diabetes in Yemenite Jews immigrating to Israel. In the Yemen, where their diet contained no sucrose, the incidence of diabetes was extremely low. After settling in Israel, where they consumed large amounts of sucrose, the incidence of diabetes has risen.
Chapter III INCIDENCE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN WOMEN IN GÖTEBORG, SWEDEN
Authors: Bengtsson Calle
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The annual incidence of myocardial infarction in Göteborg, Sweden increased from 0.03 per 1000 women aged 35–39 to 0.39 in women aged 50–54, including sudden death from 0.05 to 0.56 per 1000. The incidence was about 8 times higher in men than in women.
Chapter IV CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG WOMEN WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Bengtsson Calle , Tibblin Gösta
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A history of previous myocardial infarction and angina pectoris was more common in women with an acute attack of myocardial infarction than in the general population of women, as were symptoms of angina pectoris and intermittent claudication. Chronic bronchitis, gallstone disease and renal stone disease were also over‐represented. The women with myocardial infarction were usually inactive when taken ill. About one third of them complained of breathlessness and/or disturbance of consciousness associated with the attack. Most women with myocardial infarction had symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and cold perspiration. The infarction area was localized with about the same frequency to the anterior and posterior wall of the heart. In about half of the women the maximum registered temperature exceeded 38.0°C. The primary mortality of the women who were hospitalized was rather low (9%). The overall mortality among those who were survivors on arrival in hospital and those who died outside hospital during the first few hours or days was 30%.
SERUM TOTAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS, LECITHIN AND LYSOLECITHIN —NORMAL VALUES IN VARIOUS AGE GROUPS
Authors: Böttiger L. E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Serum phospholipids (total lipid P, lecithin and lysolecithin) have been analyzed in normal men and women and found to increase in a significant degree with age. Lysolecithin levels in all age groups were significantly higher in men than in women.
THE EFFECT OF CHLORPROMAZINE ON PRESERVATION OF KIDNEYS WITH ONE HOUR OF WARM ISCHAEMIA
Authors: Løkkegaard H. , Bilde T. , Gyrd‐Hansen N. , Jaglicic D. , Jensen E. , Nerstrøm B. , Rasmussen Folke
Published: August 2010

Abstract Preservation of pig kidneys for 24 hours following one hour of warm ischaemia has been studied in 15 experiments. The material was divided into three groups of five animals. In group A the renal artery was clamped for one hour after heparinization of the animal. The kidney was then removed and preserved for 24 hours by hypothermic storage (0°C), using a short initial cooling perfusion with a perfusate medium which mimics the intracellular ion composition. In group B the experimental conditions were the same as in group A, with the only exception that the animals were treated with i.v. infusion of chlorpromazine (4 mg/kg) before clamping of the renal artery. In group C the kidneys were preserved by continuous hypothermic plasma perfusion, but otherwise treated as in group B. After transplantation the kidney function was followed by means of the creatinine and urea concentration in plasma, and 31 days after transplantation inulin, creatinine, urea and PAH clearances were measured in all the surviving animals. In group A only one animal survived an experimental period of 1 month while four died uraemic 4–7 days after transplantation. In groups B and C all animals survived. The degree of renal functional depression, judged by the concentration of creatinine and urea in plasma, was of the same order of magnitude in groups B and C during the first days after transplantation. A comparison of the renal clearances 31 days after transplantation showed higher values in group B, when the clearances were expressed per 100 g kidney weight.
BLOOD COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS IN RELATION TO DEGREE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING WORK AND LEISURE TIME
Authors: Korsan‐Bengtsen Kristoffer , Wilhelmsen Lars , Tibblin Gösta
Published: August 2010

Abstract In a population sample of 722 men, aged 54 years, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis have been studied in the afternoon, and later in a subsample of 76 men in the morning. Recalcification times of citrated plasma and PTT in silicone tubes were shorter and the fibrinolytic activity higher when examined in the afternoon than in the morning. The samples were subdivided into groups according to degree of physical activity during work and leisure time. Men with a high degree of physical activity during work had shorter clotting times in the afternoon and tended to have shorter clotting times also in the morning. There was no difference in fibrinolytic activity between the groups. The conclusions are that there exists a diurnal rhythm of fibrinolysis which is not linked to physical activity and that physically active men have shorter clotting times of plasma than less active men. No differences in other variables of blood clotting and fibrinolysis were found between morning and afternoon samples or between the groups with different physical activity.
AZATHIOPRINE TREATMENT IN ACTIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS
Authors: Gjone Egil , Boye Nils P. , Blomhoff Jan P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract A retrospective study of 29 patients with active chronic hepatitis treated over 38 different periods with azathioprine was carried out with particular attention to the effects of high (above 1.5 mg/kg) and low (below 1.5 mg/kg) doses. Early side‐effects (within 4 weeks) occurred in 7 of 10 patients using above 2 mg/kg and in 6 of 11 patients on 1.5–2 mg/kg azathioprine. Of the patients treated with the low azathioprine dose only 4 of 17 had early side‐effects. Eighteen patients were treated up to 2 years, among whom 2 of 12 on low dose and 3 of 6 on high dose had late side‐effects. Of 9 patients treated for more than 2 years (average 2 3/4 years) on a low azathioprine dose late side‐effects occurred in 2. The clinical course of the liver disease in these patients showed that 5 of 8 treated on high dose were unchanged or improved compared to 15 of the 21 on the low dose. Serum γ‐globulin and SGPT decreased significantly in the patients on the low azathioprine dose concomitantly with a non‐significant increase in serum albumin. These changes were not less marked on low than on high dose. Our experiences thus favor doses below 1.5 mg/kg when azathioprine is used in active chronic hepatitis.
CLINICAL FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERCALCAEMIA
Authors: Heedman Per‐Axel , Stenström Gunnar
Published: August 2010

Abstract With multi‐element chemical testing 90 patients with hypercalcaemia (serum calcium 5.6 mEq/1 or more) have been found during 9 months. The frequency of hypercalcaemia was roughly estimated at 1–2%/year. According to clinical data the patients were divided into five main groups: 1) verified primary hyperparathyroidism, 2) probable primary hyperparathyroidism, 3) possible primary hyperparathyroidism, 4) hypercalcaemia of other known cause, and 5) hypercalcaemia of unknown cause. The first three groups comprise 20% of the total number of patients and the last two 40%. The frequency of hyperparathyroidism seemed to correspond to that found in other studies. Drugs of different kinds, especially thiazides, were the most common cause of hypercalcaemia, closely followed by hyperparathyroidisms and malignant diseases. A few case reports are described.
ACQUIRED HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA
Authors: Böttiger L. E. , Westerholm B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Acquired haemolytic anaemia has been studied during a 5‐year period in one of Sweden's health care regions. Altogether 161 patients were found, corresponding to an overall incidence of 3 (2.6) patients per 100 000 and year. Women predominate (63%), especially in the age groups 15–34 years, in which 37% of the female patients with acquired haemolytic anaemia were or had recently been pregnant. Mechanical factors are discussed as a possible cause of haemolysis occurring during or immediately after pregnancy.
JAUNDICE IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Furhoff Anna‐Karin , Hellström Kjell
Published: August 2010

Abstract A monograph by the late L. Thorling entitled “Jaundice in pregnancy” was published as a supplement to this journal in 1955. On the basis of the histories and the clinical investigation, including a thymol turbidity test (supposed to be positive only in cases of hepatitis), the 72 cases were diagnosed as viral hepatitis, “jaundice in early pregnancy”, “jaundice in late pregnancy” or uncertain. A follow‐up study of 61 of the Thorling patients was performed in 1970. The women were characterized with regard to recurrence, type and course of symptoms during all their pregnancies. It was found that the original groups represented heterogenous conditions. Sixteen women fulfilled the criteria of recurrent cholestasis of pregnancy. They experienced pruritus with or without jaundice during all their pregnancies. There was no evidence of exposure to viral hepatitis at the time of the pregnancies. A most interesting finding in the present study was that almost 50% of these 16 women had close relatives who experienced pruritus, often associated with jaundice during pregnancy. Available information from the histories and hospital records did not indicate that drug consumption, biliary tract disease and preeclampsia in general precipitated jaundice or pruritus in any group of women. Bacterial infections may have precipitated jaundice or pruritus in a few cases.
DIAGNOSTIC PERCUTANEOUS SUPRASTERNAL AND LEFT VENTRICULAR PUNCTURE OF THE HEART AND GREAT VESSELS
Authors: Haghfelt Torben , Leth Arne , Hansen Jørgen Fischer
Published: August 2010

Abstract In order to evaluate indications, complications and factors which may influence the rate of successful examinations, 159 suprasternal and left ventricular punctures performed in 139 patients with organic heart diseases have been analysed. In suprasternal puncture sufficient pressure readings were obtained in 86% of the examinations, whereas pressures from the left ventricle were obtained in 79% by left ventricular puncture. In combined suprasternal and left ventricle puncture the rate of success was 70%. The main indication for combined suprasternal and left ventricular puncture is found to be aortic stenosis or combined mitral and aortic stenosis. Distinct apex beat, counterclockwise rotation in ECG and enlargement of the left ventricle on X‐ray increased the rate of success, whereas functional capacity, age, heart rhythm and other ECG findings were found to be of no importance. Only three major complications occurred, all pneumothoraces which necessitated surgical treatment; none were fatal. Severe congestive heart failure, emphysema, anticoagulant therapy or tendency to bleed are regarded as relative contraindications.
PARTIAL ESCAPE OF MAGNESIUM FROM THE RENAL ACTION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE IN HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Hornum Ib , Transbøl Ib
Published: August 2010

Abstract The paradox of the potentially hypermagnesaemic actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the occurrence of hypomagnesaemia in hyperparathyroidism prompted this study of renal handling of calcium and magnesium in hyperparathyroidism. In 15 patients the serum ultrafiltrable calcium (UFCa) and magnesium (UFMg), the urinary excretion of these ions and of sodium, and the clearance of creatinine (CCr), were determined. The fractional reabsorptions of calcium (TRCa%) and of magnesium (TRMg%) were calculated. At levels of CCr above 25 ml/min TRMg% was found to be inversely correlated to UFCa R = ‐0.73, p <0.01) and to urinary sodium excretion per unit of CCr (R = ‐0.87, p <0.001), while no correlation could be established between UFCa and sodium excretion. It is concluded that a high concentration of calcium in the ultrafiltrate and a high urinary sodium excretion both appear to depress TRMg%, enabling normomagnesaemia to be maintained or hypomagnesaemia to develop, despite the enhancing effect of PTH on the tubular reabsorption of magnesium (TRMg).
CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN HAEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS WHICH MAY TERMINATE IN ACUTE LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Jensen Mogens Krogh , Philip Preben
Published: August 2010

Abstract Cytogenetic studies have been performed in 35 patients with potentially leukaemic haematological disorders. Abnormal stem lines were present in six patients, three of whom died from leukaemia or aggressive myelofibrosis within a few months. One patient developed leukaemia more than four years after the demonstration of the abnormal stem line. The chromatin of the abnormal bone marrow metaphases from the patients had a blurred appearance. The remaining two patients survived for 22 and 39 months without evidence of leukaemia. In these cases the chromatin structure of the marrow metaphases had a normal appearance. Three of the 29 cytogenetically normal patients developed leukaemia. It is concluded that the abnormal stem lines may be considered leukaemic clones of cells. However, a few patients may survive for months or years. The appearance of the chromatin structure of the bone marrow metaphases seems to be of prognostic significance. Finally, evidence is given that the chromosome abnormalities are present in both cells from the granulocytic cell line and the erythroblasts of the bone marrow.
STUDIES ON ARTERIAL AND RENAL VENOUS PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Aurell M. , Jonsson S. , Vikgren P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The renin secretion rate of each kidney has been estimated in 26 hypertensive patients during supine rest and during stimulation by means of head‐up tilt and slow hemorrhage. The patients were off antihypertensive treatment only for the day of the investigation. Eighteen patients had renovascular lesions and eight unilateral renal disease of other etiology. Ten renovascular patients had undergone operations, five with successful and five with unsuccessful result as judged from the postoperative BP. The follow‐up period postoperatively was at least one year. It was found that the plasma renin activity was essentially within normal limits in all patients, but the renovascular patients who were subsequently successfully operated on had higher levels than the other patients. Increased renin secretion could be demonstrated in hardly any kidney during supine rest. During stimulation the involved kidney in the successfully operated group responded with increased renin secretion in all patients, while the contralateral kidney was unresponsive and some patients even demonstrated a negative veno‐arterial difference in the renin activity of that kidney. In the unsuccessfully operated group no responsive kidneys during stimulation were found. In the rest of the material eight patients with renovascular lesions and eight with unilateral renal disease from other causes, generally low and unresponsive secretion rates, were observed. It is concluded that in renovascular hypertensive disease the estimated renin secretion rate during supine rest was not correlated to the result of surgery, while the estimated renin secretion during stimulation appeared to have a predictive value as regards the result of surgery. In unilateral renal disease from other causes in hypertensive patients the renin secretion was seldom increased in either the supine resting or stimulated state. No results of surgery were available in these groups.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION FOLLOWING THORACOTOMY FOR NON‐CARDIAC DISEASES, IN PARTICULAR CANCER OF THE LUNG
Authors: Beck‐Nielsen J. , Sørensen H. Rahbek , Alstrup Poul
Published: August 2010

Abstract A series of 300 consecutive thoracotomies for non‐cardiac diseases has been analysed with a view to the occurrence and nature of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation proved to be by far the most common type. Among 168 patients who had undergone operation for malignant pulmonary disease 19.6% had atrial fibrillation postoperatively, as compared with 3.1% of patients who had been operated upon for benign pulmonary disease (p <0.001). More detailed assessment of the preoperative, operative and postoperative parameters in the group with cancer of the lung did not demonstrate factors predisposing to or eliciting atrial fibrillation. It is suggested that common aetiological factors—e.g. smoking—may play a role. Possibly investigations using constant monitoring of circulatory parameters may elucidate the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation following thoracotomy.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE RELIABILITY OF SCREENING TESTS FOR BACTERIURIA
Authors: Alwall Nils , Lohi Aarne
Published: August 2010

Abstract All the urine specimens were examined by conventional culture, the dip‐slide system, and two chemical tests for bacteriuria. The persons in the study had all followed the instructions for the chemical tests; the period of incubation in the bladder was at least six hours. The dispensary series comprised 1264 persons from whom clean‐voided midstream specimens were obtained at medical examination because of findings on screening. The hospital series included 141 patients admitted to the Renal Clinic because of findings at medical examination; urine specimens were obtained by percutaneous suprapubic aspiration and clean‐voided midstream specimens were collected after the puncture. The Inculator® dip‐slide showed a sensitivity of 88–100% in the two series and a specificity of 97.4–100%. This high reliability agrees with the results reported for the Uricult® dip‐slide. In the dispensary series the Urnitest® and the Uriglox® gave a sensitivity of 70.3% and 48.4%, respectively, and a specificity of around 99.7%; in the hospital series the figures were 94.9% and 76.3%, respectively, and 98.4–100.0%. With Urnitest and Uriglox combined, positive results by both being required, the sensitivity was in the two series 75.0% and around 98.0%, respectively, and the specificity close to 100%. When E. coli or coliform rods were the only organisms involved in the “bacteriuria”, the sensitivity rose for all the methods in the dispensary series; in the hospital series the value for Uriglox increased by 7–9% and that for the other two methods by a few per cent. A critical search through the literature on the nitrite test shows that the sensitivity was, on the whole, high in studies where an adequate period of incubation in the bladder is reported; we also found satisfactory sensitivity under these conditions. In studies where no attention was paid to the incubation period the sensitivity value was low. The importance of the incubation period is also illustrated by our results. On the other hand a short incubation period does not seem to influence specificity. In our series, Uriglox showed on the whole higher specificity and lower sensitivity in comparison with other published reports. The great difference in sensitivity between the chemical tests in our two series, with better results in the hospital series, is discussed. It is concluded that there might exist factors which so far have not been sufficiently considered and which could affect the reliability of the tests. In a series of 8 314 urinary cultures the number could have been reduced by 91–92% by screening of the negative specimens (dip‐slide).
A WITHIN‐PATIENT COMPARISON OF ALPRENOLOL AND PROPRANOLOL IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Berglund G. , Hansson L.
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn an individually titrated dose cross‐over trial of propranolol and alprenolol in 18 hypertensive patients both drugs were useful as antihypertensive agents although propranolol in the used dosages was found to be more effective and caused a significantly greater reduction of arterial pressure both in the supine position (systolicp<0.05, diastolicp<0.01) and in the erect position (diastolicp<0.0025). Propranolol reduced the heart rate significantly more than alprenolol.
PRIMARY AMENORRHOEA WITH HYPERTENSION DUE TO 17‐HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: de Lange W. E. , Weeke A. , Artz W. , Jansen W. , Doorenbos H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Endocrine studies in a girl with 17‐hydroxylase deficiency are described. Administration of 0.75 mg dexamethasone was sufficient to make the hypertension and electrolyte disturbances disappear. The capacity to secrete aldosterone is probably unimpaired in this patient, but seemed completely suppressed before treatment with dexamethasone and subnormal during administration of 0.75 mg daily of this steroid, though plasma renin activity (PRA) became normal. Addition of cyclical ethinyloestradiol to the dexamethasone treatment resulted in elevated PRA levels and again a rise in blood pressure.
INSULIN CONCENTRATION IN PORTAL AND PERIPHERAL VENOUS BLOOD AFTER ORAL GLUCOSE IN HUMAN PANCREATITIS
Authors: Erwald R. , Hed R. , Nygren A. , Röjdmark S. , Sundblad L. , Wiechel K.‐L.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Insulin and glucose concentrations in the portal and in the peripheral venous blood have been determined in connection with oral glucose loads in 12 patients with acute or relapsing acute pancreatitis. A low insulin increase in the peripheral venous blood was not invariably accompanied by a poor insulin increase in the portal blood, but was sometimes due to a substantial reduction of the insulin level between the portal and the peripheral venous blood. Moreover, the fractional reduction of insulin between the portal and the peripheral venous blood tended to be higher at a high than at a low portal insulin level. The blood glucose concentration, however, seemed to be without influence upon the relation between the portal and the peripheral venous insulin concentrations.
ABSORPTION OF IRON FROM SUSTAINED RELEASE AND RAPIDLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS
Authors: Nielsen Jørgen Boye , Ikkala Eero , Sölvell Lennart , Björn‐Rasmussen Erik , Ekenved Gunnar
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The absorption of iron from a sustained release preparation given in a dose of 100 mg ferrous iron twice daily (at breakfast and at dinner or bedtime) has been compared to the absorption from a rapidly disintegrating ferrous sulphate tablet given in a dose of 50 mg iron 4 times daily (at breakfast, lunch, dinner and bedtime). The studies were performed in 34 subjects—20 blood donors and 14 patients with iron deficiency anemia. In blood donors the same amount of iron was absorbed from the two types of medication. In patients with iron deficiency anemia significantly more iron was absorbed from the sustained release preparation. There was no indication that the time of intake of the second daily dose of the sustained release preparation had any significant influence on the absorption.
EFFECTS AND SIDE‐EFFECTS OF TREATMENT OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA WITH CHOLESTYRAMINE AND NEOMYCIN
Authors: Færgeman Ole
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Thirteen patients with primary type II hyperlipoproteinemia have been treated with neomycin and cholestyramine, alone and in combination with clofibrate, during 6‐week periods in a cross‐over study lasting 36 weeks. Neomycin, 2 g daily, and cholestyramine, 24 g daily, produced significant median 23% and 27% reductions of plasma cholesterol respectively. Cholesterol was further but non‐significantly reduced by addition of clofibrate 2 g daily. Dyspeptic side‐effects were severe, necessitating withdrawal of 7 and 4 patients from treatment with neomycin and cholestyramine respectively.
REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN HEPATIC BLOOD FLOW AND FUNCTION IN MAN
Authors: Strandell T. , Erwald R. , Kulling K. G. , Lundbergh P. , Marions O. , Wiechel K.‐L.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Four male patients have been studied with regard to arterio‐hepatic venous extraction of oxygen and Indocyanine Green dye (ICG). Two patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver had an atrophic right and a hypertrophic left liver lobe. They also had higher extractions of oxygen and ICG over the right than over the left lobe, most pronounced for ICG. The two other patients, one with an extrahepatic biliary stasis and one with a chronic pancreatitis, had livers of normal size and configuration. They displayed no regional differences in extraction of oxygen, but one of them had a lower extraction of ICG over the right than over the left hepatic lobe. The findings in the patients with cirrhosis might be explained by regional variations in metabolic rate and hepatic cell function in relation to blood flow, and possibly also by shunts from the portal vein to the hepatic veins of the left lobe. Total hepatic blood flow cannot be estimated with sufficient accuracy by the Bradley technique in patients in whom the hepatic extraction of the substance used is low and large regional variations in extraction may occur.
THE EFFECT OF BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE ON THE RENAL HANDLING OF CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND PHOSPHATE IN NORMOCALCAEMIC RENAL STONE FORMERS AND IN HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Jørgensen F. Schønau , Transbøl Ib
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The effect of bendroflumethiazide (Centyl®) on the renal excretion of calcium, magnesium and phosphate has been investigated in 10 normocalcaemic renal stone formers and 10 hyperparathyroid patients to evaluate the effect of diuretic thiazides on calcium metabolism. A significant increase in the tubular reabsorption of calcium and a significant decrease in the tubular reabsorption of magnesium were observed in both groups. A reduction of 52% in renal calcium excretion was found in both groups, being independent of supposed differences in parathyroid hormone secretion but significantly related to the pretreatment urinary calcium excretion. The renal excretion of magnesium and phosphate increased during thiazide administration. Different theories concerning the mechanisms through which diuretic thiazides act on calcium metabolism are discussed. Based on the present results combined with previous investigations, both a direct effect on tubular calcium reabsorption and an effect on bone metabolism are postulated.
SENSORY AND MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION IN THE MEDIAN NERVE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Nielsen V. Kamp
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The normal nerve conduction in sensory and motor fibres of the median nerve has been studied in 20 females and 28 males, 16–62 years of age. There was no significant sex difference in conduction velocity. The intraindividual variation in repeated measurements was 0.9–1.8 m/sec. The conduction velocity decreased with age in all segments, and the interindividual variation was 3.4 to 4.5 m/sec (Syx). Sensory fibres conducted faster than motor fibres of the same segment, but the difference became gradually eliminated with age. The sensory conduction velocity in the proximal segment (wrist‐elbow) decreased more rapidly with age than in the distal segment (digit‐wrist). Fast and more slowly conducting fibres were almost equally affected by age, resulting in an increase in the temporal dispersion of the sensory action potential. The amplitude of the sensory potential (log10 μV) was a function of the temporal dispersion and of the distance of the near nerve electrode from the nerve. With these corrections the amplitude was independent of age, i.e. there was no evidence of a reduction in the number of fibres. The sensory threshold to electrical stimuli increased with age and—independent of age—with the slowing of the sensory conduction velocity between wrist and elbow.
LIVER LIPID CONTENT IN ALCOHOLICS
Authors: Lundquist Alf , Wiebe Thomas , Belfrage Per
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Liver biopsy specimens from 51 alcoholics obtained with a 0.7 mm needle have been analysed for lipid content and these values have been compared with the evaluation of visible fat in smears from the same biopsy specimens. Large variations in liver lipid concentrations have been found, ranging from one group, 24% of total, with fat within normal limits to a few individuals with a 100‐fold increase in liver lipid concentration. Partly this variation is explained by varying abstinence time before biopsy. A classification of liver lipid levels into three morphological categories is suggested and will give an adequate measure of this parameter. Serum transaminases and bilirubin were the only laboratory data found to co‐vary with liver fat.
A POPULATION STUDY ON RENAL AND URINARY TRACT DISEASES
Authors: Alwall Nils , Lohi Aarne
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Urine specimens have been examined for urinary deposits by the conventional clinical method, that is, by centrifugation and counting of formed elements per high power field (HPF). The criteria for pyuria were at least 5, 11 and 21 WBC/HPF. Conventional urine specimens, without instructions as to midstream collection, showed pyuria by the said criteria in an average of 8.4%, 4.2% and 1.3%, respectively, of the men and 40.3%, 21.0% and 8.8% of the women. The screening comprised 1255 persons, 47.7% being men and 52.3% women. The clean‐voided midstream technique was applied at the screening of 2 643 persons, 50.1% men and 49.9% women. Pyuria was noted in 3.2%, 1.6% and 0.5%, respectively, of the men and in 17.2%, 10.0% and 3.7% of the women. Thus, the midstream technique reduced the incidence of pyuria according to all three criteria by about 60% both in men and in women. In the literature this technique is generally stated to be necessary only in women in order to avoid admixture of formed elements from the urethra and the external genitals. Screening and subsequent medical examination of clean‐voided midstream specimens revealed pyuria in altogether one‐third of the cases on both occasions, at screening alone, or at medical examination alone. White cell casts and clumps of leucocytes occurred in only a few cases. By the criteria of at least 3, 7 and 11 RBC/HPF, the prevalence of haematuria in the first mentioned series was 4.8%, 1.5% and 0.2%, respectively, for the men and 10.2%, 3.0% and 1.3% for the women; in the latter series (midstream specimens) the comparable figures were 3.9%, 1.0% and 0.6% for the men and 5.7%, 2.3% and 1.4% for the women. While the midstream technique reduced the prevalence of haematuria by about 45% for the women, using the criteria of 3 RBC/HPF, the other figures agreed fairly well for the two series; reservations are made for a relatively small number of observations in some instances. Labstix gave in too many cases false negative results for haematuria. Screening and/or subsequent medical examination revealed haematuria in only about one‐sixth of the cases on both occasions, in about one‐third at medical examination alone, and in the rest on screening alone. Proteinuria was also present in 10–15% of the specimens with pyuria. Significant bacteriuria was recorded in 13% of the specimens with slight pyuria, in 30% of those with marked pyuria, and in 4% of those without pyuria. There seemed to be no correlation between the presence of pyuria and that of significant bacteriuria. L‐forms were demonstrated in only 0.5% and various types of Mycoplasma in 30% of the specimens. Tubercle bacilli were found in two cases of pyuria. Every three persons with and every five without pyuria had elevated ESR. Thus, the constellation pyuria—elevated ESR was of limited diagnostic value.
CONCENTRATION OF CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES IN SKELETAL MUSCLE OF HEALTHY MEN AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS
Authors: Fröberg Sven O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) has been determined in muscle taken by needle biopsy from 47 healthy men, 50 male myocardial infarction (MI) patients and 21 50‐year‐old men with hypertriglyceridemia (HL) as the only sign. In healthy men the cholesterol concentration in muscle increased with age (r = 0.48, p<0.001). The concentration of TG in muscle was weakly correlated to the concentration of TG in plasma (r = 0.30, p<0.05) but not to age. The muscle TG concentration in HL subjects was of the same order of magnitude as in healthy men. MI patients had a higher concentration of cholesterol in muscle than healthy subjects. Also the TG concentration in muscle was higher in coronary patients. In neither healthy men (r = 0.04, p>0.05) nor MI patients (r = 0.13, p>0.05) was the cholesterol concentration in muscle correlated to the cholesterol concentration in plasma.
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA
Authors: Selroos Olof , von Knorring Johan
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Determinations have been made of the concentrations of serum total protein, electrophoretic fractions and immunoglobulins A, G and M in 11 patients with pernicious anaemia (PA) before and after treatment with vitamin B12 and in 22 other patients with PA who had already received treatment. During the course of treatment a tendency was observed to increasing values of the serum globulin fractions and IgG. All the sera were subjected to immunoelectrophoresis. One patient with slight IgA deficiency exhibited a presymptomatic myeloma (monoclonal gammopathy) of the IgG, kappa‐type.
THE EFFECT OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE AND SPIRONOLACTONE ON THIAZIDE‐INDUCED POTASSIUM DEPLETION IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Ibsen Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Total exchangeable potassium (KE), red blood cell potassium (KRBC), serum potassium (KS) and blood pressure (BP) have been determined in 34 patients with essential hypertension after not less than 4 weeks' therapy with hydrochlorothiazide, 75 mg daily. KE was significantly lower than the levels found in untreated patients with essential hypertension, determined by the same method and in the same laboratory. KRBC and KS were also significantly lower than the values in normal individuals. The patients were then divided at random into two groups, one group receiving a potassium chloride supplement of 60 mEq/d., the other a spironolactone supplement of 100 mg/d. After 5 weeks of combined therapy the above parameters were again determined. Both groups presented a significant rise of Ke, Krbc and KS. The rise of KS in the spironolactone group was significantly higher than that found in the potassium chloride group, but the increase of KE and Krbc in the two groups did not differ significantly. Spironolactone caused a significant reduction in systolic as well as diastolic BP, while potassium supplement did not influence the BP.
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND PROLONGED β‐ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Hansson Lennart , Zweifler Andrew J. , Julius Stevo , Hunyor Stephen N.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Hemodynamic studies have been performed in 15 male patients with mild to moderately severe essential hypertension. Studies were made after four weeks of placebo treatment and again after acute i.v. administration of propranolol (0.22 mg/kg) and after four weeks of oral propranolol therapy (160–320 mg daily). After acute β‐adrenergic blockade a significant reduction of cardiac index (Qi) occurred, while total peripheral resistance (TPR) increased significantly, resulting in unaltered BP. After four weeks of oral propranolol the Qi remained significantly reduced, but TPR was readjusted towards the initial level, resulting in a reduction of BP in most patients. Major reductions of stimulated plasma renin activity were seen, but these were not correlated to the changes of BP, Qi or TPR. Studies of the baroreceptor reflex by means of i.v. administration of angiotensin suggested a change towards increased sensitivity, although this change did not achieve statistical significance.
DEMONSTRATION OF AN ENHANCED α‐ADRENERGIC RESPONSE IN HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE WHEN INCUBATED IN PRESENCE OF Li+ INSTEAD OF Na+
Authors: Rosenqvist Urban
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A study has been made of the effect of Li+ on the adrenergic receptor response in human adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was preincubated and incubated in media in which Na+ had been replaced by Li+. The adrenergic response of the tissue was assayed by measuring the rate of lipolysis stimulated with noradrenaline in the presence or absence of phentolamine. The capacity of the hormone‐sensitive lipase was measured by the use of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The results showed that the α‐adrenergic response was enhanced by the presence of 60 mM Li+, while the β‐adrenergic response was affected only in a higher concentration of Li+ (120 mM). The response of the lipase enzyme to dibutyryl cyclic AMP remained unaffected by Li+, however. The effect of Li+ was inhibited by 0.5 mM La+++ in the medium, indicating that Li+ had increased the entry of Ca++ into the cells. These results suggest that the α‐adrenergic response of human adipose tissue depends on the intracellular concentration of Ca++ for its inhibitory action on the adenyl cyclase enzyme.
SERUM LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN A NORWEGIAN POPULATION SAMPLE
Authors: Heiberg Arvid , Grieg Arne
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Serum lipids and electrophoretically determined lipoprotein concentrations have been analysed in 168 healthy subjects (118 males and 50 females) belonging to two different age groups. An increase in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels with age was seen. No difference was found between the concentrations in young males and females. Higher concentrations of β‐ and pre‐β‐lipoproteins and lower level of α‐lipoproteins were found in males than in females in the age group 40–59. Serum cholesterol values were determined in a series of 828 males and 382 females of different ages (15–69 years). In males the mean cholesterol values increased from 197 mg/100 ml in the age group 15–19 to 280 mg/ 100 ml in the age group 40–49. Means close to the latter age value were found also in the higher age groups. In females, mean cholesterol value increased throughout life from 208 mg/100 ml in young females to 337 mg/ 100 ml in those aged 60–69.
ESTIMATION OF SERUM THYROTROPIN (TSH) AND STIMULATION WITH THYROTROPIN‐RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) IN THYROID DISEASES
Authors: Lauridsen U. Birk , Deckert T. , Friis Th. , Kirkegaard C. , Hansen J. Mølholm , Siersbæk‐Nielsen K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Serum TSH has been estimated using a radioimmunological method in 128 controls: 1.9±1.7 μU/mI (mean ±S.D.), in 97 hyperthyroid patients: 1.5± 1.5 μU/ml, and in 40 patients with primary hypothyroidism: 116±72 μU/ml. After stimulation with 200 μg TRH i.v. a positive response (A TSH>2.0 μU/ ml) was found in 58 of 60 controls but only in one of 56 hyperthyroid patients. In 23 hypothyroid patients examined with the TRH test an exaggerated TSH response was found. Four clinical euthyroid patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis had moderately elevated serum TSH and an increased response to TRH, whereas 9 euthyroid patients with diffuse goitre did not differ from the control group. During antithyroid treatment of 66 patients serum TSH was elevated only in half of the patients with subnormal serum thyroxine and normal in almost all cases with normal serum thyroxine. In 34 patients with primary hypothyroidism treated with 1‐thyroxine serum TSH was elevated in all with subnormal serum thyroxine and was not normalized until serum thyroxine levels were within the upper part of normal range. Estimation of serum TSH is of major diagnostic value in primary hypothyroidism and a valuable aid in the control of treatment of hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism. The TRH stimulation test is of value in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.
REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW, CEREBRAL METABOLIC RATE OF OXYGEN, AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ACID‐BASE VARIABLES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MENINGITIS AND WITH ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Paulson Olat'B. , Brodersen Poul , Hansen E. Lyders , Kristensen H. Sund
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), jugular venous Po2 and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid‐base variables have been studied in five patients with meningococcal meningitis, five with pneumococcal meningitis and six with encephalitis. The 133‘xenon intra‐arterial injection method was used for the rCBF measurements. The patients were hyperventilating spontaneously. The studies were performed during general anesthesia and artificial ventilation at a Paco2 adjusted to the level measured during spontaneous respiration prior to the anesthesia. Average hemispheric CBF was normal and CMRO2 slightly reduced in patients with meningococcal meningitis. whereas CBF and CMRO2 were markedly reduced in pneumococcal meningitis and encephalitis. Jugular venous Po2 was increased (“luxury perfusion”) in meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis but normal in encephalitis. CSF lactic acid was increased and CSF bicarbonate decreased in all meningitis patients and in some with encephalitis. Functional tests of the rCBF were performed by changes of arterial BP and Paco2 ‐ Autoregulation (rCBF is normally independent of the BP within wide limits) was frequently impaired, whereas the response to Paco2 changes was preserved in most cases (rCBF normally increases with increased Paco2). Focal rCBF abnormalities as disclosed in the control condition or during the functional tests were infrequent in meningitis but frequent in encephalitis. The results suggest that the brain of these patients is vulnerable to factors such as hypertension, hypercapnia and hypoxia. A more deliberate use of sedatives combined with artificial hyperventilation is advocated. Epileptic seizures should be counteracted by all available means.
HYPOGLYCEMIA CAUSED BY AN INTRATHORACIC TUMOUR
Authors: Talstad I. , Følling I. , Boye N. P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A patient with a large intrathoracic tumour associated with hypoglycemic attacks and whose fasting glucose levels were frequently below 30 mg/100 ml is described. The immunoreactive insulin (IRI) level during the hypoglycemic attacks and fasting was less than 5 μU/ml. The oral glucose tolerance test was normal. Glucagon gave a subnormal increase in blood glucose and no increase in serum IRI levels. Diazoxide did not reduce the frequency of attacks. The hypoglycemic attacks subsided after removal of a 5 kg cell‐rich mesenchymal tumour, which was probably a neurofibroma. The IRI concentration in the primary tumour extract was 0.05% of that found in extract from normal pancreatic tissue, and only 0.0005–0.1 % of that reported for insulinomas. On Sephadex‐LH gel filtration the low IRI activity was not eluted as insulin or proinsulin. All findings support the view that the hypoglycemia was not caused by insulin production by the tumour. Other possible causes are discussed.
IDIOPATHIC LIGHT CHAIN DYSCRASIA—A NEW DISTINCT ENTITY?
Authors: Cronstedt Jean , Carling Lasse , östberg Henrik
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A case of IgG and IgM deficiency and Bence Jones proteinuria is reported. Despite the protein abnormalities of light chain disease, the patient lacks other signs of myelomatosis. Since the pattern of immunoglobulin deficiency has remained constant over a 5‐year period and the excretion of light chains amounts to 175 mg/l, the proposal is made that this case represents a hitherto unrecognized type of benign gammapathy.
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID INTOLERANCE
Authors: Schlumberger H. D. , Löbbecke E.‐A. , Kallós P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Twenty‐seven ASA‐intolerant individuals were investigated. Twenty‐six of them suffered from chronic bronchial asthma, one from urticaria. All reacted to the ingestion of a therapeutic dose of ASA with more or less violent signs and symptoms resembling a systemic allergic (anaphylactic) reaction of the immediate type. Seventy percent of them reacted in the same way to one or more chemically unrelated drugs. Seventeen of these patients were skin‐tested with N‐salicyloyl‐ and N‐acetylsalicyloyl‐PLL without the appearance of immediate type reactions. Furthermore, the sera of these patients were passively transferred to rhesus monkeys. The intradermally sensitized monkeys were challenged by i.v. or intradermal injection of N‐salicyloyl‐BSA or N‐acetylsalicyloyl‐PLL or by oral administration of ASAN or ASA. No positive reaction was obtained. Intracutaneous sensitization of rhesus monkeys with the sera of individuals allergic to Timothy grass pollen revealed strong reactions of the immediate type following challenge with Timothy grass pollen extract. The IgE levels and the concentrations of the other immunoglobulins of the ASA‐intolerant individuals were found to be within the normal range. Thus, homocytotropic antibodies with N‐salicyloyl or N‐acetylsalicyloyl specificity could not be detected in the ASA‐intolerant individuals. These results, the frequency of intolerance to other drugs, the familial occurrence of ASA intolerance and the demonstration of “latent” ASA intolerance in about 20% of chronic asthmatics indicate that the clinical picture of the syndrome is not a sufficient criterion of its allergic origin. In our opinion the syndrome is caused by direct (i.e. not antibody mediated) liberation of histamine and other mediators by the offending drugs, due to an “inborn error of metabolism” in intolerant individuals. The syndrome should be properly denoted as ‘drug‐induced anaphylactoid syndrome“.
THE FUNCTIONAL PATTERN OF THE TRANSPLANTED LIVING‐DONOR KIDNEY DURING THE EARLY POSTTRANSPLANT PERIOD
Authors: Hansen Hans Erik , Skov Poul Erik
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Renal function has been studied within the first 20 days after renal transplantation in 14 recipients who had received a kidney from a closely related living donor. There was a good correlation between blood flow measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter and ERBF calculated on the basis of PAH and 131I‐hippuran clearances. The ERPF reached 70% of the donors' bilateral preoperative ERPF during the course of 2–3 hours. However, the recipients' ERBF averaged only 70 % of the blood flow measured in the renal artery. During the course of 20 days the recipients' glomerular filtration rate increased to 67% of the donors' bilateral preoperative value. Immediately after transplantation a change in function took place, a significantly reduced filtration fraction being seen. During the course of the first 20 post transplant days the filtration fraction approached the normal range.
ALPRENOLOL AND PROPRANOLOL IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Somer Timo , Luomanmäki Kimmo , Frick M. Heikki
Published: August 2010

Abstract The antihypertensive potencies of propranolol and alprenolol were compared in a series of 16 patients with essential hypertension using a double‐blind crossover technique. The daily dose of propranolol was 160 mg and that of alprenolol 400 mg. This dose ratio of 1: 2.5 was based on evidence of their equipotency in reducing the heart rate response to isoprenaline and physical exercise.

Both compounds reduced significantly the blood pressure and heart rate in supine and erect positions. No statistically significant differences were observed between responses to the two tested compounds. The blood pressure reduction was gradual over a period of three months. Roughly half of the patients was restored to normotension. The use of β‐receptor antagonists in the treatment of hypertension is briefly discussed.