bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics to identify fingerprints of carotid atherosclerosis in nonobese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Shao Congxiang , Xu Lishu , Lei Pingguang , Wang Wei , Feng Shiting , Ye Junzhao , Zhong Bihui
Published: January 2023

Background/aims

Nonobese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is paradoxically associated with improved metabolic and pathological features at diagnosis but similar cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prognosis to obese MAFLD. We aimed to utilize the metabolomics to identify the potential metabolite profiles accounting for this phenomenon.

Methods

This prospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in China enrolling derivation and validation cohorts. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were applied to perform a metabolomics measurement.

Results

The study involved 120 MAFLD patients and 60 non-MAFLD controls in the derivation cohort. Controls were divided into two groups according to the presence of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). The MAFLD group was further divided into nonobese MAFLD with/without CAS groups and obese MAFLD with/without CAS groups. Fifty-six metabolites were statistically significant for discriminating the six groups. Among the top 10 metabolites related to CAS in nonobese MAFLD, only phosphatidylethanolamine (PE 20:2/16:0), phosphatidylglycerol (PG 18:0/20:4) and de novo lipogenesis (16:0/18:2n-6) achieved significant areas under the ROC curve (AUCs, 0.67,p = 0.03; 0.79,p = 0.02; 0.63,p = 0.03, respectively). The combination of these three metabolites and liver stiffness achieved a significantly higher AUC (0.92,p < 0.01). In obese MAFLD patients, cystine was found to be significant with an AUC of 0.69 (p = 0.015), followed by sphingomyelin (SM 16:1/18:1) (0.71,p = 0.004) and de novo lipogenesis (16:0/18:2n-6) (0.73,p = 0.004). The combination of these three metabolites, liver fat content and age attained a significantly higher AUC of 0.91 (p < 0.001). The AUCs of these metabolites remained highly significant in the independent validation cohorts involving 200 MAFLD patients and 90 controls.

Conclusions

Diagnostic models combining different metabolites according to BMI categories could raise the accuracy of identifying subclinical CAS.

Trial registrationThe study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee and all the participants have provided written informed consent (Approval number: [2014] No. 112, registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-ChiCTR2000034197)

Graphical Abstract
A two-stage genome-wide association study identifies novel germline genetic variations in CACNA2D3 associated with radiotherapy response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yu Lu-Lu , Hu Bi-Wen , Huang Han-Xue , Yu Bing , Xiao Qi , Lv Qiao-Li , Luo Chen-Hui , Guo Cheng-Xian , Li Jin-Gao , Xie Xiao-Xue , Yin Ji-Ye
Published: January 2023

Background

Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, due to individual differences in radiosensitivity, biomarkers are needed to tailored radiotherapy to cancer patients. However, comprehensive genome-wide radiogenomic studies on them are still lacking. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with radiotherapy response in patients with NPC.

Methods

This was a large‑scale genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) including a total of 981 patients. 319 individuals in the discovery stage were genotyped for 688,783 SNPs using whole genome-wide screening microarray. Significant loci were further genotyped using MassARRAY system and TaqMan SNP assays in the validation stages of 847 patients. This study used logistic regression analysis and multiple bioinformatics tools such as PLINK, LocusZoom, LDBlockShow, GTEx, Pancan-meQTL and FUMA to examine genetic variants associated with radiotherapy efficacy in NPC.

Results

After genome-wide level analysis, 19 SNPs entered the validation stage (P < 1 × 10− 6), and rs11130424 ultimately showed statistical significance among these SNPs. The efficacy was better in minor allele carriers of rs11130424 than in major allele carriers. Further stratified analysis showed that the association existed in patients in the EBV-positive, smoking, and late-stage (III and IV) subgroups and in patients who underwent both concurrent chemoradiotherapy and induction/adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Our study showed that rs11130424 in the CACNA2D3 gene was associated with sensitivity to radiotherapy in NPC patients.

Trial registration number: Effect of genetic polymorphism on nasopharyngeal carcinoma chemoradiotherapy reaction, ChiCTR-OPC-14005257, Registered 18 September 2014, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=9546.
Study on the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with quercetin in Liuwei Dihuang Pill based on network pharmacology
Authors: Zhu Fuping , Li Wuping , Wang Linhua , Dai Bing , Liu Zongyi , Wu Hang , Deng Ting
Published: January 2023

Background

Liuwei Dihuang Pill (LP) was verified to alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) development. Nevertheless, the major constituent of LP and the related network pharmacology study remain unexplored.

Methods

Protein–protein interaction was established to identify the downstream target of LP in PMOP, and the related signaling pathway was investigated by bioinformatics analysis. MC3T3-E1 cells were added to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) to mimic osteoporosis in vitro. The osteoblasts were identified by Alizarin red staining. Western blot was applied to evaluate protein levels. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay was applied to assess cell viability, and cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.

Results

Quercetin was the major constituent of LP. In addition, quercetin significantly reversed FAC-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, quercetin notably abolished the FAC-induced upregulation of Bax, Caspase-3, FOS, JUN, TGFB1 and PPARD. In contrast, Bcl-2, p-mTOR/mTOR, p-AKT/AKT and p-PI3K/PI3K levels in MC3T3-E1 cells were reduced by FAC, which was restored by quercetin. Meanwhile, FAC notably inhibited the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells via inducing apoptosis, but this impact was abolished by quercetin. Furthermore, quercetin could reverse pcDNA3.1-FOS-mediated growth of FAC-treated osteoblasts by mediating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.

Conclusion

Quercetin alleviated the progression of PMOP via activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Hence, this study would shed novel insights into discovering new methods against PMOP.
The Spanish Fabry women study: a retrospective observational study describing the phenotype of females with GLA variants
Authors: Sánchez Rosario , Ripoll-Vera Tomás , López-Mendoza Manuel , de Juan-Ribera Joaquín , Gimeno Juan Ramón , Hermida Álvaro , Ruz-Zafra María Aurora , Torregrosa José Vicente , Mora Antonia , García-Pinilla José Manuel , Fortuny Elena , Aguinaga-Barrilero Ana , Torra Roser
Published: January 2023

Background

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked condition caused by variants in the GLA gene. Since females have two X chromosomes, they were historically thought to be carriers. Although increased knowledge has shown that females often develop the disease, data from Spain and other countries reported that females were undertreated. The aim of this study was to provide a wider and more recent description of the disease characteristics and associated management of females with a GLA variant in a Spanish cohort.

Results

Ninety-seven females from 12 hospitals were included in this retrospective study. Mean age was 50.1 ± 17.2 years. Median follow-up time from GLA variant identification was 36.1 months, and most (70.1%) were identified through family screening. Variants associated with classic/non-classic phenotypes were similarly distributed (40.2%/53.6%). Missense variants were the most prevalent (n = 84, 86.6%). In the overall group, 70.4% had major organ involvement (i.e., cardiac, renal, cerebrovascular, peripheral nervous system or gastrointestinal), and 47.3% also had typical Fabry signs (angiokeratoma, cornea verticillata or increased plasma lyso-Gb3). Cardiac involvement was the most prevalent (49.5%) and the main reason for treatment initiation. A total of 33 (34%) patients received disease-specific therapy, 55% of whom were diagnosed by family screening. Females carrying variants associated with a classic phenotype had higher frequencies of clinical manifestations (92.3%) and were predominant in the treated subgroup (69.7%). Despite this, there were 34 untreated females (56.7% of total untreated), with both phenotypes represented, who had major organ involvement, with 27 of cardiac, renal or cerebrovascular nature. Age or comorbidities in this subgroup were comparable to the treated subgroup (P = 0.8 and P = 0.8, respectively).

Conclusions

Efforts have been made in recent years to diagnose and treat timely Fabry females in Spain. A high percentage of females with pathogenic variants, regardless of their associated phenotype, will likely develop disease. A proportion of females with severe disease in this cohort received specific treatment. Still a significant number of females, even with same profile as the treated ones, who may be eligible for treatment according to European recommendations, remained untreated. Reasons for this merit further investigation.
Which endometrial preparation protocol provides better pregnancy and perinatal outcomes for endometriosis patients in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles? A retrospective study on 1413 patients
Authors: Guo Yaxin , Fang Zishui , Yu Lin , Sun Xin , Li Fei , Jin Lei
Published: January 2023

Objective

To determine the optimal endometrial preparation protocol for a frozen embryo transfer in patients with endometriosis.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care academic medical center.

Patient(s)

One thousand four hundred thirteen patients with endometriosis who underwent oocyte aspiration from 2015 to 2020 and frozen embryo transfer from 2016 to 2020 and received natural cycle, hormone replacement treatment with or without GnRHa pretreatment endometrial preparation.

Intervention(s)

None.

Main outcome measure(s)

Clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, miscarriage rate, multiple pregnancy rate, biochemical pregnancy rate and ectopic pregnancy rate. Singleton live births were assessed for perinatal outcomes and obstetric complications.

Result(s)

There were no differences in clinical pregnancy outcomes or prenatal outcomes among the three commonly used endometrial preparation protocols for frozen embryo transfer cycles in patients with endometriosis. Results remained after screening variables using univariate logistic regression into multivariate logistic regression. No advantages or disadvantages were found among the three endometrial preparation protocols in patients with endometriosis.

Conclusion(s)

Natural cycle, hormone replacement cycle, or hormone replacement treatment with GnRHa pretreatment showed no superiority or inferiority in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in patients with endometriosis.
Virulence factors and mechanisms of paediatric pneumonia caused by Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Tian Zhiying , Khan Asif Iqbal , Rehman Ata Ur , Deng Ting , Ma Chao , Wang Liang
Published: January 2023

Paediatric pneumonia is a respiratory infection that affects infants and young children under the age of 3. This disease is the leading cause of infant and child mortality in developing countries because of the weak immune system of young children. The difficulty and length of time required to identify the pathogen and causative agent are the main reasons for this high mortality rate. In addition, the identification of certain causative agents is particularly important for the treatment of paediatric pneumonia. In this study, we explored the possible mechanisms by which pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis induced pneumonia in vivo. The potential virulence factors of bacteria isolated from the intestines of paediatric pneumonia patients were determined. Taken together, the results suggested that lysophosphatidic acid (LTA) from pathogenic E. faecalis decreases the expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), which in turn disrupts the function of intestinal tight junctions (Occ and Ccldn1), leading to the entry of LE-LTA into the bloodstream because of the disruption of the intestinal barrier. Although LTA can enter circulation, it cannot directly infiltrate the lungs, which indicates that lung inflammation in mice is not caused by the direct entry of LE-LTA into the lungs. We further found that LTA activates immune cells, such as CD8 + T cells and type 2 innate lymphocytes, in vivo. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 can produce large amounts of inflammatory factors and thus promote the development of pneumonia. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the LTA of pathogenic E. faecalis in the intestine is a virulence factor that can cause paediatric pneumonia. This study found that intestinal bacterial virulence factors can induce immune responses in the lungs and blood. These findings could provide further insight into the mechanism of infectious diseases in the lung that are caused by bacteria in the intestine.
Leading mediators of sex differences in the incidence of dementia in community-dwelling adults in the UK Biobank: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shang Xianwen , Roccati Eddy , Zhu Zhuoting , Kiburg Katerina , Wang Wei , Huang Yu , Zhang Xueli , Zhang Xiayin , Liu Jiahao , Tang Shulin , Hu Yijun , Ge Zongyuan , Yu Honghua , He Mingguang
Published: January 2023

Background

Little is known regarding whether sex assigned at birth modifies the association between several predictive factors for dementia and the risk of dementia itself.

Methods

Our retrospective cohort study included 214,670 men and 214,670 women matched by age at baseline from the UK Biobank. Baseline data were collected between 2006 and 2010, and incident dementia was ascertained using hospital inpatient or death records until January 2021. Mediation analysis was tested for 133 individual factors.

Results

Over 5,117,381 person-years of follow-up, 5928 cases of incident all-cause dementia (452 cases of young-onset dementia, 5476 cases of late-onset dementia) were documented. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for all-cause, young-onset, and late-onset dementias associated with the male sex (female as reference) were 1.23 (1.17–1.29), 1.42 (1.18–1.71), and 1.21 (1.15–1.28), respectively. Out of 133 individual factors, the strongest mediators for the association between sex and incident dementia were multimorbidity risk score (percentage explained (95% CI): 62.1% (45.2–76.6%)), apolipoprotein A in the blood (25.5% (15.2–39.4%)), creatinine in urine (24.9% (16.1–36.5%)), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood (23.2% (16.2–32.1%)), and blood lymphocyte percentage (21.1% (14.5–29.5%)). Health-related conditions (percentage (95% CI) explained: 74.4% (51.3–88.9%)) and biomarkers (83.0% (37.5–97.5%)), but not lifestyle factors combined (30.1% (20.7–41.6%)), fully mediated sex differences in incident dementia. Health-related conditions combined were a stronger mediator for late-onset (75.4% (48.6–90.8%)) than for young-onset dementia (52.3% (25.8–77.6%)), whilst lifestyle factors combined were a stronger mediator for young-onset (42.3% (19.4–69.0%)) than for late-onset dementia (26.7% (17.1–39.2%)).

Conclusions

Our analysis matched by age has demonstrated that men had a higher risk of all-cause, young-onset, and late-onset dementias than women. This association was fully mediated by health-related conditions or blood/urinary biomarkers and largely mediated by lifestyle factors. Our findings are important for understanding potential mechanisms of sex in dementia risk.
The relationship between the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study among iranian adult women
Authors: Mokhtari Ebrahim , Jamshidi Sanaz , Daftari Ghazal , Farhadnejad Hossein , Teymoori Farshad , Momeni Seyed Aref , Rashidkhani Bahram , Mirmiran Parvin
Published: January 2023

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer, with a higher mortality rate in women worldwide. We aimed to investigate the association of the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle with the odds of BC using empirical indices, including the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH), the empirical dietary index for insulin resistance (EDIR), and empirical lifestyle index for insulin resistance (ELIR).

Methods

This hospital-based case-control study was conducted among Tehranian adult women aged≥30 years. The final analysis was performed on 134 women newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed BC as a case and 267 healthy women of the same age as control. A 168-food item food frequency questionnaire was used for assessing dietary intakes at baseline. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of BC across tertiles of EDIH, ELIH, EDIR, and ELIR were determined using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression.

Results

The mean ± SD of age and BMI of participants were 47.9±10.3 years and 29.4±5.5 kg/m2, respectively. EDIH score was related to the higher risk of BC based on fully adjusted models (OR:2.24;95%CI:1.21–4.12, Ptrend=0.016). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed a higher BC risk with increasing EDIH score in postmenopausal women (OR:1.74, 95%CI:1.13-2.69) and those without a history of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use (OR:1.44;95%CI:1.02–2.04). Moreover, ELIH scores were positively associated with an increased risk of BC in postmenopausal women (OR; 1.98; 95% CI: 1.35 – 2.89), those with a family history of cancer (OR:1.94;95%CI:1.10–3.42), and in individuals who did not use OCP (OR:1.46; 95% CI:1.00–2.12).

Conclusion

Our results showed a possible link between EDIH and higher BC risk. Also, higher EDIH and ELIH scores were strongly associated with a higher risk of BC in postmenopausal women, those with a family history of BC, and those who do not use OCP.
Insights into research on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury from 2012 to 2021: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Bai Ming , Zhang Jingjing , Chen De , Lu Mengying , Li Junfen , Zhang Zheng , Niu Xiaowei
Published: January 2023

Background

Numerous studies on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury have been undertaken in recent years. Hotspots and developmental trends in MI/R research are being rapidly updated. However, there has been no bibliometric analysis that systematically evaluates existing literature on MI/R injury. Our study explores developments in MI/R research over the past decade, and provides a reference for future research.

Materials and methods

Both experimental and clinical publications on MI/R injury from 2012 to 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The CiteSpace and VOSviewer tools were used to perform a bibliometric analysis.

Results

A total of 8419 papers were analyzed. The number of annual publications demonstrated an overall upward trend, rising from 629 publications in 2012 to 1024 publications in 2021. China, the USA, Germany, England, and Italy were the top five contributors to MI/R studies. The Fourth Military Medical University in China contributed the most publications (188, 2.23%), while the University College London in England cooperated the most with relevant research institutions. Derek J Hausenloy (University College London), Derek M Yellon (University College London), and Gerd Heusch (University of Essen Medical School) were the top three most active and influential scholars according to the H-index. Among the top 10 journals with the most publications, Basic Research in Cardiology had the highest impact factors. The top three co-cited journals were Circulation, Circulation Research, and Cardiovascular Research. According to a co-cited reference analysis, MI/R research can be divided across 10 major subfields of mitophagy, cardioprotection, inflammation, remote ischemic preconditioning, long non-coding RNA, melatonin, postconditioning, mitochondria, microvascular obstruction, and ferroptosis. After 2018, the keywords with strongest citation bursts included extracellular vesicles, long non-coding RNA, cell proliferation, microRNA, mitochondrial quality control, mitophagy, biomarker, and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Conclusions

The present study reveals the influential authors, cooperating institutions, and main research foci in the field of MI/R injury in the past decade. The latest hotspots are a more in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying MI/R injury, such as mitochondrial quality control, non-coding RNAs, cell proliferation, and extracellular vesicles.
Psychological distress in adolescents: prevalence and its relation to high-risk behaviors among secondary school students in Mbarara Municipality, Uganda
Authors: Anyanwu Michael U.
Published: January 2023

Background

Psychological distress among adolescents negatively affects their academic performance, relationships with family and friends, and ability to participate fully in the community. Stressful life events in low-income countries and risk-taking behavior of adolescents have raised concerns regarding the impact of psychological distress among adolescents. Therefore, the present study estimated the prevalence of psychological distress and examined the high-risk behaviors associated with psychological distress among Ugandan adolescents.

Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school students in Mbarara Municipality, Uganda. Multistage cluster sampling was used to recruit 921 adolescents from 12 schools. Psychological distress was assessed using the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Logistic regression was used with p-value estimating regression coefficient and 95% confidence interval for odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (AOR).

Results

The prevalence of psychological distress using the K10 was 57%. Logistic regression analyses showed that risky sexual behavior [AOR = 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–2.28], substance use (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.49–2.84) were associated with psychological distress. Students in mixed schools (comprising both sexes) (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI 1.19–3.15) and adolescents with chronic illness (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.18–2.38) were more likely to report psychological distress.

Conclusion

The prevalence of psychological distress among school-going adolescents is high. Risky sexual behavior, substance use as well as chronic illness were associated with psychological distress. In addition, the type of school was significantly associated with psychological distress. The findings suggest the need for policy makers and stakeholders in health and education sectors to institute measures that will address mental health issues among adolescents.
Small grains from Ryugu: handling and analysis pipeline for infrared synchrotron microspectroscopy
Authors: Rubino Stefano , Dionnet Zélia , Aléon-Toppani Alice , Brunetto Rosario , Nakamura Tomoki , Baklouti Donia , Djouadi Zahia , Lantz Cateline , Mivumbi Obadias , Borondics Ferenc , Lefrançois Stephane , Sandt Christophe , Capitani Francesco , Héripré Eva , Troadec David , Matsumoto Megumi , Amano Kana , Morita Tomoyo , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Noguchi Takaaki , Okazaki Ryuji , Yabuta Hikaru , Naraoka Hiroshi , Sakamoto Kanako , Tachibana Shogo , Watanabe Seiichiro , Tsuda Yuichi ,   the Hayabusa2-initial-analysis team
Published: January 2023

Sample-return missions allow the study of materials collected directly from celestial bodies, unbiased by atmospheric entry effects and/or terrestrial alteration and contamination phenomena, using state-of-the-art techniques which are available only in a laboratory environment—but only if the collected material stays pristine. The scarcity of outer-space unaltered material recovered until now makes this material extremely precious for the potential scientific insight it can bring. To maximize the scientific output of current and future sample-return missions, the scientific community needs to plan for ways of storing, handling, and measuring this precious material while preserving their pristine state for as long as the ‘invasiveness’ of measurements allows. In July 2021, as part of the Hayabusa2 (JAXA) “Stone” preliminary examination team, we received several microscopic particles from the asteroid Ryugu, with the goal of performing IR hyper-spectral imaging and IR micro-tomography studies. Here, we describe the sample transfer, handling methods and analytical pipeline we implemented to study this very precious material while minimizing and surveilling their alteration history on Earth.

Graphical Abstract
Production of the antifungal biopesticide physcion through the combination of microbial fermentation and chemical post-treatment
Authors: Zhuang Zheng , Zhong Xueqing , Li Qinghua , Liu Tian , Yang Qing , Lin Guo-Qiang , He Qing-Li , Zhao Qunfei , Liu Wen
Published: January 2023

Physcion is an anthraquinone compound observed dominantly in medicinal herbs. This anthraquinone possesses a variety of pharmaceutically important activities and has been developed to be a widely used antifungal biopesticide. Herein, we report on the effective preparation of 3R-torosachrysone (4), a tetrahydroanthracene precursor of physcion, in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1 by heterologous expression of related genes mined from the phlegmacins-producing ascomycete Talaromyces sp. F08Z-0631. Conditions for converting 4 into physcion were studied and optimized, leading to the development of a concise approach for extracting high-purity physcion from the alkali-treated fermentation broth of the 4-producing A. oryzae strain.

Graphical Abstract
Dealing with dry waste disposal issues associated with 177mLu impurities: a long-term challenge for nuclear medicine departments
Authors: Prevot Sylviane , Dygaï-Cochet Inna , Riedinger Jean-Marc , Vrigneaud Jean-Marc , Quermonne Myriam , Gallet Matthieu , Cochet Alexandre
Published: January 2023

Purpose

A strategy for management of radioactive waste associated with 177Lu-dotatate (Lutathera®) treatments was established in our institution, based on predicted storage times of 3–5 years extrapolated from the results of a 2-year measurement study. The aim of this work was to validate this strategy by identifying contaminants and confirming disposal based on the clearance level twice-the-background was within expected time frames.

Methods

We conducted a prospective series of measurements of radioactive waste associated with the first 65 treatments administered. Sequential measurements of the first 45 vials used were performed on a dose calibrator to identify contaminants. Exposure rates in contact were monitored with a dose ratemeter on a 6-monthly basis for all waste stored: 46 empty vials, 19 vials partially used and 61 biohazard containers.

Results

Initial median activity of the first vials used was 118 MBq [4–4188 MBq]. For each vial, the decay curve of activity obtained was adjusted to a bi-exponential model. The major component, representing 99.7% of the activity, has a median half-life of 6.6 days [5.7–7.2 days] corresponding to 177Lu. The second, representing only 0.3% of the activity and having a median half-life of 152 days [104–205 days] corresponding to 177mLu, determines necessary storage times. Partially used vials can be disposed of after 5 years, other waste after 3 years. Compliance with the regulatory clearance level is achieved within expected time frames.

Conclusion

Although only present as traces, 177mLu associated with the direct production route results in major radioactive waste disposal issues for hospitals. Availability of radiopharmaceuticals without impurities appears to be crucial for an expanding use of targeted radionuclide therapy.
GIS based urban social vulnerability assessment for liquefaction susceptible areas: a case study for greater Chennai, India
Authors: Manoharan Saravana Ganesh , Ganapathy Ganapathy Pattukandan
Published: January 2023

Background

The areas prone to geological hazards such as liquefaction need special attention with respect to social vulnerability. Though liquefaction by itself may not result in damage, it may trigger a series of ground failures such as ground oscillation, lateral spread, loss of bearing strength, etc., which cause heavy damage. Globally, during the past few decades liquefaction hazard analysis has become one of the important criteria in seismic risk analysis and mitigation management, especially for urban areas. Greater Chennai is one of the million-plus population cities in India. The city also felt earthquakes/tremors in the past history.

Method

The present study aims to assess the social vulnerability of the population density of the Greater Chennai area due to liquefaction susceptibility using GIS technology. The liquefaction susceptibility map (hazard) for the Greater Chennai was prepared by integration of geological and geomorphological parameters and analyzed over socioeconomic parameters (exposure) using an integration of GIS and AHP.

Results

The result showed that around 53% of Greater Chennai’s households and population are very much exposed to liquefaction hazard.

Conclusions

This study can be used as a base level study for decision-making during land use planning as well as disaster mitigation planning.
Effects of using the first principles of instruction in a content and language integrated learning class
Authors: Hao Hao , Susono Hitoshi , Geng Xuewang , Chen Li , Yamada Masanori
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) designed according to the First Principles of Instruction (FPI). A 15-h Japanese CLIL course was implemented. A total of 16 university students attended the course and data were collected from multiple sources, including learning tests, questionnaire feedback, and dialogues in group discussions, were collected and examined. Analysis showed that students’ learning outcomes, including basic Japanese proficiency, intercultural communication content, and writing skills, were statistically significantly improved. Students had a high level of awareness of the elements of FPI designed in the course. In addition, all the FPI elements had a positive impact on basic Japanese proficiency except for the application element: the problem-centered, application, and integration elements positively impacted intercultural communication content and writing skills. The results show that students displayed individual differences in using the worksheet to summarize their writing ideas. Students spent most of the time in the group discussions in their native language. Even when Japanese was used, individual Japanese words were used rather than whole sentences in most cases. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analyses showed that the use of problem-centered theory FPI had a positive impact on the design of the CLIL. However, attention is needed to students’ individual differences and the guidance of students in applying basic language knowledge in problem-centered learning activities. Finally, it notes points that should be considered when designing CLIL in the future.
The optimal scaffold for silk sericin-based bone graft: collagen versus gelatin
Authors: Lee Ji Hae , Kweon HaeYong , Oh Ji-Hyeon , Kim Seong-Gon
Published: January 2023

Background

Silk sericin is an active ingredient in bone grafts. However, the optimal scaffold for silk sericin has yet to be identified.

Method

A critical-sized bone defect model in rat calvaria was used to evaluate bone regeneration. Silk sericin from Yeonnokjam, Bombyx mori, was incorporated into gelatin (group G, n = 6) and collagen (group C, n = 6). Bone regeneration was evaluated using micro-computed tomography (mCT) and histology.

Results

Group C showed a larger bone volume than group G in the mCT analysis (P = 0.001). Histological analysis showed a larger area of bony defects in group G than in group C. The bone regeneration area in group C was significantly larger than that in group G (P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Compared with gelatin, collagen shows better bone regeneration in silk sericin-based bone grafts.
Comparison of image quality of two versions of deep-learning image reconstruction algorithm on a rapid kV-switching CT: a phantom study
Authors: Dabli Djamel , Loisy Maeliss , Frandon Julien , de Oliveira Fabien , Meerun Azhar Mohamad , Guiu Boris , Beregi Jean-Paul , Greffier Joël
Published: January 2023

Background

To assess the impact of the new version of a deep learning (DL) spectral reconstruction on image quality of virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) for contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography in the rapid kV-switching platform.

Methods

Two phantoms were scanned with a rapid kV-switching CT using abdomen-pelvic CT examination parameters at dose of 12.6 mGy. Images were reconstructed using two versions of DL spectral reconstruction algorithms (DLSR V1 and V2) for three reconstruction levels. The noise power spectrum (NSP) and task-based transfer function at 50% (TTF50) were computed at 40/50/60/70 keV. A detectability index (d') was calculated for enhanced lesions at low iodine concentrations: 2, 1, and 0.5 mg/mL.

Results

The noise magnitude was significantly lower with DLSR V2 compared to DLSR V1 for energy levels between 40 and 60 keV by -36.5% ± 1.4% (mean ± standard deviation) for the standard level. The average NPS frequencies increased significantly with DLSR V2 by 23.7% ± 4.2% for the standard level. The highest difference in TTF50 was observed at the mild level with a significant increase of 61.7% ± 11.8% over 40−60 keV energy with DLSR V2. The d' values were significantly higher for DLSR V2 versus DLSR V1.

Conclusions

The DLSR V2 improves image quality and detectability of low iodine concentrations in VMIs compared to DLSR V1. This suggests a great potential of DLSR V2 to reduce iodined contrast doses.
Sacropelvic fixation
Authors: Youssef Essam M.
Published: January 2023

The sacropelvis is not only an anatomically complex region but also a biomechanically unique zone transferring axial weights via the transitional lumbosacral junction and the pelvic girdle to the lower appendicular skeleton. When the sacral instrumentation alone is insufficient to achieve stability and solid arthrodesis across the lumbosacral junction, as in long-segment fusions, high-grade spondylolisthesis, deformity corrections, complex sacral/lumbosacral injuries, and neoplasms, sacropelvic fixation is indicated. Many modern sacropelvic fixation modalities outperform historical modalities, especially the conventionally open and percutaneous iliac and S2-alar-iliac screw (S2AI) fixation techniques. Novel screw insertion technologies such as navigation and robotics and modern screw designs aim to maximize the accuracy of screw placement and minimize complications. This review addresses the anatomy and biomechanics of the sacropelvic region as well as the indications, evolution, advantages, and disadvantages of various past and contemporary techniques of lumbosacral and sacropelvic fixation.
Forest fire pattern and vulnerability mapping using deep learning in Nepal
Authors: Mishra Bhogendra , Panthi Saroj , Poudel Shobha , Ghimire Bhoj Raj
Published: January 2023

Background

In the last two decades, Nepal has experienced an increase in both forest fire frequency and area, but very little is known about its spatiotemporal dimension. A limited number of studies have researched the extent, timing, causative parameters, and vulnerability factors regarding forest fire in Nepal. Our study analyzed forest fire trends and patterns in Nepal for the last two decades and analyzed forest fire-vulnerability risk based on historical incidents across the country.

Results

We analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of forest fires and the extent of burned area using the Mann-Kendall trend test and two machine-learning approaches maximum entropy (MaxEnt), and deep neural network (DNN). More than 78% of the forest fire burned area was recorded between March and May. The total burned area has increased over the years since 2001 by 0.6% annually. The forest fire-vulnerability risk obtained from both approaches was categorized into four classes—very high, high, low, and very low.

Conclusions

Although burned area obtained from both models was comparable, the DNN slightly outperformed the MaxEnt model. DNN uses a complex structure of algorithms modeled on the human brain that enables the processing of the complex relationship between input and output dataset, making DNN-based models recommended over MaxEnt. These findings can be very useful for initiating and implementing the most suitable forest management intervention.
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula secondary to hyper-pneumatized paranasal sinuses and skull base: two case reports
Authors: Poojary Shweta Raviraj , Kini Divya Vishwanatha , Kapilamoorthy T. R. , Chittaragi Kavitha B. , Gurumurthy Balasubramanian
Published: January 2023

Background

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas occur due to various reasons other than well-identified causes such as trauma, neoplasia or infection. Various contributory factors are attributed to formation of spontaneous CSF leaks such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension leading to prominent arachnoid granulations. Further, presence of hyper-pneumatized paranasal sinuses or the skull base weakens the bone and predisposes to development of spontaneous defects and further fistulas. This case report highlights two cases of spontaneous CSF leaks associated with hyper-pneumatized petrous bone and sphenoid sinus.

Case presentation

A 26-year-old female patient with history of right rhinorrhea with imaging evidence of bilateral hyper-pneumatized petrous bones and a bony defect in the right petrous bone on computed tomography (CT). Subsequent CT cisternography demonstrated CSF leak extending into the right pneumatized petrous apex cells, Eustachian tube, middle ear cavity, aditus, antrum and mastoid air cells. Pooling of contrast in the right nasal cavity and ethmoid cells was also seen. A 49-year-old female patient with history of right rhinorrhea with features of hyper-pneumatization of sphenoid bone involving right greater wing of sphenoid bone and bilateral pterygoid process with a bony defect in the right greater wing of sphenoid was demonstrated on CT. Corroborative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain Constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence revealed a meningoencephalocele. Additionally, a suspicious focal dehiscence was observed in the right cribriform plate CSF pockets herniating into right ethmoid sinus.

Conclusion

Hyper-pneumatized petrous bone and paranasal sinuses can be attributed as a risk factor for formation of spontaneous CSF leaks.
Rare case of calcified fibrin sheath causing central venous occlusion, mimicking a retained catheter fragment
Authors: Lee Sze Yuen , Arunasalam Yamunadevi , Mohamad Sri Idayu
Published: January 2023

Background

Long-term placements of central venous catheters (CVCs) are known to cause various complications, among which include fibrin sheath formation, causing catheter dysfunction, infection and thrombosis. Post-catheter removal, these sheaths may sometimes be retained in the vein; however, are rarely calcified. When retained sheaths are calcified, they may cause diagnostic confusion on imaging, as they may mimic a retained catheter fragment.

Case presentation

We report a case of a patient with end-stage renal disease and a history of multiple prior CVC insertions presenting with symptoms of central venous occlusion post-revascularization of his stenosed arteriovenous fistula. CT venography revealed a linear tubular hyperdensity within the right brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava, which at first glance looked like a retained catheter fragment. However, further scrutiny revealed a retained calcified intravascular fibrin sheath as the cause of occlusion.

Conclusions

Awareness of the radiological discriminating features of calcified fibrin sheaths are important to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions as these sheaths may mimic retained catheter fragments. Calcified fibrin sheaths should also be considered as a differential diagnosis of radio-opaque intravascular structures or venous calcifications post-CVC removal.
An unusual indication of maxillectomy—a case presentation of sphenoid wing meningioma
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Sharma Raman , Jagetia Anita , Gopal Ashish , Jain Pooja Nakhat
Published: January 2023

Background

Sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) are named because of their site of origin which is in the vicinity of the sphenoid wing. They are further classified into globoid type and en plaque (aka spheno-orbital meningiomas). These tumours are known for their difficult management because of their invasion to various neurovascular structures and bones. Surgical removal of these tumours is challenging. Complete surgical excision of the tumour is not always guaranteed; hence, intentional incomplete removal sometimes is mandatory to reduce postoperative morbidity. The purpose of this case report is to emphasize and describe the unexplored role of total maxillectomy in the excision of the extensive skull base tumours involving the orbit and infratemporal fossa.

Case presentation

In this case report, we are presenting a case of a 50-year-old male diagnosed a case of atypical sphenoid wing meningioma with orbital and paranasal sinus extension who was previously operated on by extracranial approach and presented with the recurrence. Here, we are providing insight and surgical management of this case using total maxillectomy as an approach to access the intracranial approach.

Conclusion

Maxillectomy with orbital exenteration can be used as a successful surgical approach to manage skull base lesions and intracranial tumours without any evident post-op complications.
Activities of plasma indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme in Nigerian patients with lung diseases: basis for tryptophan supplementation or IDO inhibitor use
Authors: Arinola Ganiyu Olatunbosun , Abdullahi Issa , Rahamon Sheu Kadiri , Fasasi Zainab Bolanle , Adedeji Olajumoke Oluwaseun , Kehinde Adigun , Bakare Adekunle Akeem
Published: January 2023

Background

Clinical trial of IDO inhibitor or uses of micro-nutrient supplements during management of diseases is commonly done without having adequate basis for the practise. Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid needed for T-lymphocyte function, and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a potent immunoregulatory molecule that catalyses the rate-limiting step of Trp degradation in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway.

Materials and methods

Human IDO in the plasma samples was measured using ELISA in patients with non-infectious (asthma) and infectious diseases (pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19) compared with corresponding un-infected controls.

Results

Mean IDO activity in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher compared with corresponding control (p = 0.001) while mean IDO activity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was non-significantly higher compared with corresponding control (p = 0.520), and mean IDO activity in asthma patients was non-significantly lower compared with corresponding control (p = 0.102).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that IDO activity as an innate immune factor is increased in infectious lung diseases (COVID-19 and pulmonary tuberculosis) but reduced in non-infectious disease (asthma) and that use of tryptophan supplementation or IDO inhibitor may not be necessary in all lung diseases.
Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases
Authors: Jacopo Meldolesi
Published: January 2023

Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is the new secretion process discovered in liquid form over three decades ago. More recently, UPS has been shown to operate also in solid forms generated from four types of organelles: fractions of lysosomes and autophagy (APh) undergoing exocytosis; exosomes and ectosomes, with their extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently many mechanisms and proteins of these solid forms have been shown to depend on UPS. An additional function of UPS is the regulation of diseases, often investigated separately from each other. In the present review, upon short presentation of UPS in healthy cells and organs, interest is focused on the mechanisms and development of diseases. The first reported are neurodegenerations, characterized by distinct properties. Additional diseases, including inflammasomes, inflammatory responses, glial effects and other diseases of various origin, are governed by proteins generated, directly or alternatively, by UPS. The diseases most intensely affected by UPS are various types of cancer, activated in most important processes: growth, proliferation and invasion, relapse, metastatic colonization, vascular leakiness, immunomodulation, chemoresistence. The therapy role of UPS diseases depends largely on exosomes. In addition to affecting neurodegenerative diseases, its special aim is the increased protection against cancer. Its immense relevance is due to intrinsic features, including low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, stability, and crossing of biological barriers. Exosomes, loaded with factors for pharmacological actions and target cell sensitivity, induce protection against various specific cancers. Further expansion of disease therapies is expected in the near future.
Displaced bronchus and anomalous pulmonary vein passing dorsal to the pulmonary artery in a patient who underwent right upper lobectomy for lung cancer with lymph node metastases: a case report
Authors: Konno Hayato , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Mizuno Tetsuya , Kojima Hideaki , Ohde Yasuhisa
Published: January 2023

Background

Tracheobronchial anomalies are extremely rare and are often associated with pulmonary arteriovenous anatomical anomalies. An anomalous right upper vein segment that passes between the pulmonary artery (PA) and bronchus is a rare vascular abnormality. We report a case of a displaced superior posterior branch (B2) that was independent of the superior apical/anterior branch (B1 + 3) accompanied by anomalous right superior pulmonary vein (SPV) anatomy in a patient who underwent right upper lobectomy for lung cancer with lymph node metastases.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old asymptomatic woman was shown to have an abnormal shadow on chest radiography performed during medical checkup and visited our hospital for further evaluation. The patient was diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma (c-T1cN1M0, stage IIB) involving the right superior posterior segment (S2) with an abnormally displaced B2 and an anomalous upper vein segment that was observed to run dorsal to the PA and anterior to the right upper bronchus. We performed right upper lobectomy and systematic hilar and mediastinal nodal dissection via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Intraoperative findings revealed a displaced B2 bronchus independent from the B1 + 3 and an anomalous SPV, which was consistent with preoperative imaging findings.

Conclusion

Preoperative bronchoscopy and three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) are essential to confirm bronchial bifurcation and vascular abnormalities to aid with meticulous surgical planning to select the optimal operative technique.