bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of lattice gas models to plasma spraying
Authors: Guipont V. , Cochelin E. , Borit F. , Decker L. , Jeulin D. , Jeandin M.
Published: January 2014

A two-dimensional original model simulating the deposition of droplets on to a substrate by plasma spraying has been developed. This new model is based on a lattice gas automaton which can reproduce the hydrodynamic behaviour of fluids. The model is fairly easy to apply without requiring drastic simplifying assumptions. The paper focuses on spraying experiments which were carried out to fit model parameters and to assess the success of simulations. Comparison of experimental results with model prediction is based on the study of microstructural features of plasma sprayed deposits. Using batches of nickel based alloy powders with different particles sizes and substrates of a given surface morphology, spraying was performed undervarious pressures using the innovative HPPS mode (high pressure plasma spraying) in a CAPS (controlled atmosphere plasma spraying) system. This allowed the extension of the spraying operating conditions to obtain a larger range of typical sprayed microstructures.
Diamondlike carbon coatings on fibre reinforced aluminium
Authors: Wielage B. , Dorner A.
Published: January 2014

Carbon fibre reinforced aluminium offers a very wide range of advanced properties in comparison with monolithic aluminium. However, little effort has beencarried out in terms of improving the functionality of composite surfaces. Chemical resistance, high hardness and rigidity, and low density could make diamondlike carbon (DLC) films potential candidates for coatings on MMCs. The following studies are addressed to proving the adhesion of DLC to carbon fibre reinforced aluminium and to characterising the wear behaviour of the MMC substrates and coated MMCs. Scratch test results indicate no debonding of the DLC coating, but show cohesive damage. Further, results of scanning electron microscopy confirm good bonding between the MMCs and the coating. Tribological investigation of the DLC coated MMCs reveals significantly improvedwear resistance. The fibre orientation influences the micro hardness as well as the wear resistance of the substrates and the coated MMCs.
Diamondlike carbon coatings: Chemical and morphological study by ERDA and AFM
Authors: Tomasella E. , Meunier C. , Savall C. , Weber J.
Published: January 2014

Amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C: H) thin films have attracted a great deal of interest in the last fewyears because they possess excellent diamondlike properties. In this study, a-C: H films were deposited on (111) silicon by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition. Films deposited from rf plasma have a low friction coefficient and high hardness and are chemically inert. These properties give the films enhanced wear, oxidation, and corrosion resistance. During film deposition, argon or helium was used as a carrier gas and methane as the carbon precursor gas. The variation of density, hydrogen content, and morphology of films with the type of gas used and the bias voltage applied was examined by elastic recoil detection analysis and atomic force microscopy.
Corrosion behaviour of TiN and CrN coatings produced by cathodic arc PVD process on mild steel substrate
Authors: Creus J. , Idrissi H. , Mazille H. , Sanchette F. , Jacquot P.
Published: January 2014

Hard coatings are often used for their mechanical properties such as wear and friction resistance. Corrosion behaviour may also be an important criterion for industrial applications of such coatings. There is abundant literature on both mechanical and corrosion properties of titanium nitride coatings, however there is much less published data on the properties of CrN coatings. In the present paper, the protective behaviour of TiN and CrN coatings on mild steel immersed in 3%NaCl solution was investigated. Various electrochemical techniques were used to characterise the behaviour of the coatings and the galvanic corrosion of the uncoated metals and coatings was thoroughly studied. The overall corrosion behaviour of the coatedsteel depends not only on the intrinsic electrochemical properties of the coatings, but also on surface defects such as roughness, droplets deposited during the PVD process, and pinholes, cracks, and scratches. In saline solution, the TiN coating has a poor protective effect compared to CrN. Nevertheless, galvanic corrosion between coatings and substrate is deleterious for the substrate. In both cases, the porosity strongly influences the electrochemical behaviour of the coated specimens.
Modification of isothermal and cyclic oxidation behaviour of Ti–48Al–2Cr by ion implantation
Authors: Haanappel V. A. C. , Schmutzler H. J. , Stroosnijder M. F.
Published: January 2014

The effect of various elements added by ion implantation on the isothermal (up to 150 h) and cyclic (up to 1500 h) oxidation behaviour of γ-TlAl based intermetallics at 800°C in air is discussed. Ion implantation of Si, Nb, Ta, vv: and Al showed a large beneficial effect on the isothermal oxidation behaviour of Ti–48AI–2Cr. Similar results for these implanted elements were found during the initial period of cyclic oxidation experiments. For longer exposure times under cyclic oxidation conditions the corrosion scale formed on the Al and Si implanted specimens was especially prone to spallation. A minor positive effect was found for Ti, Mo, 1: Mn, and Cr. Oxidation of the specimens implanted with Si or Nb revealed similar results to those for the intermetallics alloyed with these elements. Furthermore, it is concluded that care should be taken when studying the cyclic corrosion damage of implanted specimens by gravimetric methods alone. Additional techniques are strongly recommended and often necessary to obtain a full understanding of the exact degradation mechanism.
Influence of shot peening on superficial yield strength of spring steel in hard state
Authors: Li J. B. , Lin F. Z. , Ji V.
Published: January 2014

The yield strength of a metallic technological surface with biaxial residual stresses may be determined using X-ray stress analysis techniques. Shot peening can increase the superficial proof stresses of a spring steel treated in the hard state, even though there is a considerable decrease in the half width of the X-ray diffraction profile. It can therefore be concluded that for a metallic material in the hard state, the half width parameter of the X -ray interference lines at the surface does not correctly reflect static strength.
Structural refinement of α–β polymorphs in Ti–6Al–4V alloy
Authors: Scardi P. , Leoni M. , Tesi B. , Gianoglio C. , Bacci T.
Published: January 2014

A new analytical procedure for the processing of XRD patterns with conventional powder geometry was used to study phase composition and properties of a typical α–β Ti alloy. This approach was particularly effective in studying the Ti–6Al–4V alloy, since the small amount of fβ phase can not be easily identified bytraditional XRD methods. In addition to quantitative phase analysis, relevant structural information was produced by the refinement of cell parameters, thermal factors, and atomic positions. Further microstructural information, including texture, crystallite domain size, and distortion from lattice defects, was also obtained with the same procedure. The proposed method was particularly useful in studying the effect of surface polishing, which produced a compressive residual stress (also measured by non-destructive XRD. techniques) of –450 MPa in the surface region; changes in the microstructure and chemical composition of alloy elements in the two Ti polymorphs after stress relief heat treatment were also studied in detail.
A retrospective approach to assess human health risks associated with growing air pollution in urbanized area of Thar Desert, western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Rumana Harcharan Singh , Sharma Ramesh Chandra , Beniwal Vikas , Sharma Anil Kumar
Published: January 2014

Air pollution has been a matter of great concern globally because of the associated health risks to individuals. The situation is getting worse in developing countries with more urbanization, industrialization and more importantly the rapidly growing population posing a threat to human life in the form of pulmonary, cardiovascular, carcinogenic or asthmatic diseases by accumulating toxic pollutants, harmful gases, metals, hydrocarbons etc.

Objective

The present study was undertaken to assess the magnitude of ambient air pollutants and their human health risks like respiratory ailments, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancer using a Retrospective Approach of Bart Ostra.

Methodology

The parameters PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, NH3 and O3 were monitored at all selected study sites monitored through a high volume sampler (APM 451 Envirotech, Envirotech Instruments Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India). Retrospective Approach was used for assessment of risk factors and disease burden of respiratory and cardiopulmonary health problems.

Results

Environmental burden of disease showed that the problem of health related to air pollution is a main concern particularly in the growing cities of India. High to critical level of air pollution including PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SO2, NH3 and O3 was observed in all seasons at traffic intersections and commercial sites. The respiratory infections (25% incidence in population exposed to indoor smoke problems) and a prevalence of asthma/COPD (4.4%) in households exposed to high vehicular pollution along with signs of coronary artery/heart disease and/or hypertension and cancers (37.9-52.2%), were reported requiring preventive measures.

Conclusion

The study reflects a great concern for the mankind with the need of having streamline ways to limit air pollution and emphasize upon efficiently determining the risk of illness upon exposure to air pollution.
Dispersibility of HCl-treated Cellulose Nanocrystals with Water-dispersible Properties in Organic Solvents
Authors: Okura Hiromichi , Wada Masahisa , Serizawa Takeshi
Published: January 2014

The dispersibility of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with water-dispersible properties, which were prepared by HCl treatment of cellulose resources, in organic solvents was investigated by cross-polar images. It was found that the CNCs were dispersed well in amphoteric solvents with strong Lewis acid and base properties, similar to the original water solvent.
BiSpectral Index (BIS) monitoring may detect critical hypotension before automated non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement during general anaesthesia; a case report.
Authors: Smith Matthew M. J.
Published: January 2014

A patient undergoing general anaesthesia for neurosurgery exhibited an unexpected sudden decrease in the BiSpectral Index (BIS) value to near-zero. This prompted the detection of profound hypotension using non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement and expedited urgent assessment and treatment, with the patient making a full recovery. Widely regarded as a ‘depth of anaesthesia’ monitor, this case demonstrates the potential extra clinical benefit BIS may have in the detection of critical incidents such as anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia.
All Russian contests as a mechanism for identifying talented young people
Authors: Ананьева Татьяна , Ananeva Tatyana , Варламова Анна , Varlamova Anna , Илюхина Галина , Ilyukhina Galina , Кобелева Ольга , Kobeleva Olga
Published: January 2014

The article deals with the priorities of the national project «Education», where the main focus is the

development and improvement of the environment to identify and support talented youth. Given the

fundamental regulations of the organization and conduct of national student competitions (VSO) in the

Russian Federation. The analysis and justification of the events of the second and third phases of the VSO,

conducted on the basis of higher education institutions in the period from 2006 to 2013. The directions for

improving the organization and conduct of national student competition.
Clozapine-Induced Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms; Plasma Dabigatran Activity One Week after Discontinuation in a Patient with Normal Renal Function; Antabuse Reaction Due to Occupational Solvent Exposure; Withdrawal Symptoms with Dronabinol; Pseudolithiasis Due to Ceftriaxone
Authors: Mancano Michael A.
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Lidocaine: Cough (Fentanyl Induced)
Authors: Generali Joyce A. , Cada Dennis J.
Published: January 2014

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label Drug Facts, a publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label Drug Facts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific drug uses that are unapproved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This new guide to the literature enables the health care professional or clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information before patient care decisions are made. Direct questions or comments regarding Off-Label Drug Uses to jgeneral@ku.edu .
Approvals, Submission, and Important Labeling Changes for US Marketed Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2014

This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, new indications, dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this information; however, if there are any questions, please let me know at danial.baker@wsu.edu .
Pump Resumes PCA Dosing When Turned off then on Again; Safe Ways to Restock Automated Dispensing Cabinets; Anything Missing from this Label? Letairis, not Letaris; Possible Cross-Contamination with Insulin Vials
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L.
Published: January 2014

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Pharmacogenetic potential biomarkers for carbamazepine adverse drug reactions and clinical response
Authors: Jaramillo Nancy Monroy , Galindo Ingrid Fricke , Vázquez Alberto Ortega , Cook Helgi Jung , LLerena Adrián , López Marisol López
Published: January 2014

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a first-line widely used anticonvulsant. It has a narrow therapeutic index and exhibits considerable interindividual and interethnic variability in clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions including potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The most important pharmacogenetic finding is related to the association of CBZ-induced hypersensitivity with human leukocyte antigens (HLA class I and II alleles). Moreover, genotyping for HLA-B*15:02 allele is required prior to initiating CBZ in Asians and Asian ancestry patients, demonstrating the usefulness of biomarkers to avoid adverse drug reactions. On the other hand, in order to explain the differences in the clinical response to CBZ, genetic polymorphisms in phase I (CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and EPHX1) and phase II (UGT2B7) metabolising enzymes have been assessed; additionally, the influence of transporters (ABCB1 and ABCC2), receptors (PXR) and other drug targets (voltage- gated Na+ channels) in CBZ clinical response has been evaluated. To date, these studies are controversial and require further investigations to clarify the functional role of these polymorphisms as potential biomarkers in regard to CBZ therapy.
Numerical Implementation of Continuum Dislocation Dynamics with the Discontinuous-Galerkin Method.
Authors: Ebrahimi Alireza , Monavari Mehran , Hochrainer Thomas
Published: January 2014

In the current paper we modify the evolution equations of the simplified continuum dislocation dynamics theory presented in [T. Hochrainer, S. Sandfeld, M. Zaiser, P. Gumbsch, Continuum dislocation dynamics: Towards a physical theory of crystal plasticity. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. (in print)] to account for the nature of the so-called curvature density as a conserved quantity. The derived evolution equations define a dislocation flux based crystal plasticity law, which we present in a fully three-dimensional form. Because the total curvature is a conserved quantity in the theory the time integration of the equations benefit from using conservative numerical schemes. We present a discontinuous Galerkin implementation for integrating the time evolution of the dislocation state and show that this allows simulating the evolution of a single dislocation loop as well as of a distributed loop density on different slip systems.
Micro mechanics of isotropic normal compression
Authors: Mcdowell G. R. , De Bono J. P. , Yue P. , Yu H-S.
Published: January 2014

Discrete element modelling has been used to investigate the micro mechanics of isotropic normal compression. One-dimensional (1D) normal compression has previously been modelled in three dimensions using an oedometer and a large number of particles and without the use of agglomerates, and it was shown that the compression index was solely related to the strengths of the particles as a function of size. The same procedure is used here to model isotropic normal compression. The fracture of a particle is governed by the octahedral shear stress within the particle (due to the multiple contacts) and a Weibull distribution of strengths. The octahedral shear stresses, due to local anisotropic stresses within a sample with isotropic boundary stresses, are shown to give rise to a normal compression line (NCL) and the evolution of a distribution of particle sizes. The compression line is parallel to the 1D NCL in log e–log p space, in agreement with traditional critical state soil mechanics and confirming that the compression index is solely a function of the size effect on average particle strength, which determines the hardening law for the material. The paper shows, for the first time, how local octahedral shear stresses induced in the particles within the sample generate an isotropic normal (clastic) compression line.
Cooperative driving at isolated intersections based on the optimal minimization of the maximum exit time
Authors: Wu Jia , Abbas-Turki Abdeljalil , Perronnet Florent
Published: January 2014

Traditional traffic control systems based on traffic light have achieved a great success in reducing the average delay of vehicles or in improving the traffic capacity. The main idea of these systems is based on the optimization of the cycle time, the phase sequence, and the phase duration. The right-of-ways are assigned to vehicles of one or several movements for a specific time. With the emergence of cooperative driving, an innovative traffic control concept, Autonomous Intersection Management (AIM), has emerged. In the framework of AIM, the right-of-way is customized on the measurement of the vehicle state and the traffic control turns to determine the passing sequence of vehicles. Since each vehicle is considered individually, AIM faces a combinatorial optimization problem. This paper proposes a dynamic programming algorithm to find its optimal solution in polynomial time. Experimental results obtained by simulation show that the proper arrangement of the vehicle passing sequence can greatly improve traffic efficiency at intersections.
Graphics processing units in acceleration of bandwidth selection for kernel density estimation
Authors: Andrzejewski Witold , Gramacki Artur , Gramacki Jarosław
Published: January 2014

The Probability Density Function (PDF) is a key concept in statistics. Constructing the most adequate PDF from the observed data is still an important and interesting scientific problem, especially for large datasets. PDFs are often estimated using nonparametric data-driven methods. One of the most popular nonparametric method is the Kernel Density Estimator (KDE). However, a very serious drawback of using KDEs is the large number of calculations required to compute them, especially to find the optimal bandwidth parameter. In this paper we investigate the possibility of utilizing Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to accelerate the finding of the bandwidth. The contribution of this paper is threefold: (a) we propose algorithmic optimization to one of bandwidth finding algorithms, (b) we propose efficient GPU versions of three bandwidth finding algorithms and (c) we experimentally compare three of our GPU implementations with the ones which utilize only CPUs. Our experiments show orders of magnitude improvements over CPU implementations of classical algorithms.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS ON THE WELFARE OF CALVES
Authors: Pálka Václav , Šoch Miloslav , Zábranský Luboš , Švejdová Kateřina , Šimková Anna , Peksa Zdeněk , Dušová Hana
Published: January 2014

The aim of this paper was to find out what the system of the technical solution to housing for calf breeding is the most suitable from the point of view of welfare. There were compared four basic types. We focused on the comparison behavior of stabled calves like a lying and eating time. These behavior were observed in all four seasons. At the same time we observed some microclimatic conditions. We focused on the cooling value that refers to the thermal comfort of stabled animals. With a comprehensive examination of all collected and measured values can be recommended to prioritize individual outdoor sheds under shelter and calf house from lightweight steel construction, according to actual economic situation of breeders.
Honey bee colonies performance enhance by newly modified beehives
Authors: Abou-Shaara Hossam F. , Al-Ghamdi Ahmad A. , Mohamed Abdelsalam A.
Published: January 2014

Honey bees have good thermoregulation and rapidly respond to any changes in the microclimatic conditions of their colonies. However, colony losses can occur during very cold or hot months. Honey bee colonies are often kept in modified beehives during such times to save the honey bees lives. In the present study, the abilities of four beehive types to enhance the performance of two honey bee races (Carniolan and Yemeni honey bees) were compared under hot and arid environmental conditions. The results indicated performance differences between the two races and between the selected beehive types. For the Carniolan honey bees, better results were obtained in colonies provided with insulated cover boxes (ICB) than in thermoregulatory beehives (TBH), insulated beehives with a back drawer (IBD), and normal beehives (NB) in that order. In contrast, better Yemeni honey bee results were obtained in the TBH, followed by ICB, NB, and finally IBD. Maintaining honey bees in a suitable beehive type is a promising method for saving honey bees lives and enhancing their performance under harsh environmental conditions.
OCCURRENCE AND POPULATION DENSITY OF APHIDS IN APPLE ORCHARDS OF SOUTH BULGARIA
Authors: Andreev Radoslav , Rasheva Donka , Kutinkova Hristina
Published: January 2014

In a 2006-2008 study, seven aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were detected on apple trees in South Bulgaria: Rhopalosiphum insertum Walk. (apple-grass aphid), Dysaphis plantaginea Pass (rosy apple aphid), Dysaphis devecta Walker (rosy leaf-curling aphid), Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (potato aphid), Aphis pomi De Geer (green apple aphid), Aphis spiraecola Patch. (spiraea aphid/green citrus aphid) and Eriosoma lanigerum Nausm. (wooly apple aphid). The dominant species were D. plantaginea, found in 97.8% of the surveyed orchards. Two green aphid species from the genus Aphis were both found in 96.4% of the orchards. The rosy apple aphid was a more important pest of bearing orchards, where infestation in spring always exceeded the economic injury level (1-2% of infested shoots). The green aphids were more important in young orchards and nurseries, where they developed during the entire vegetation period and infestation sometimes exceed 50-80% of shoots. A. pomi was still more widespread, but A. spiraecola was found throughout all of South Bulgaria. As pests of apple, the other species were less common, causing lower infestations and minor economic importance.
Treatment and Prevention of Bone Metastases from Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence for Clinical Practice
Authors: Li Bob , Wong Matthew , Pavlakis Nick
Published: January 2014

Bone is the most common site of metastasis from breast cancer. Bone metastases from breast cancer are associated with skeletal-related events (SREs) including pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, surgery and radiotherapy to bone, as well as bone pain and hypercalcemia, leading to impaired mobility and reduced quality of life. Greater understanding of the pathophysiology of bone metastases has led to the discovery and clinical utility of bone-targeted agents such as bisphosphonates and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANK-L) antibody, denosumab. Both are now a routine part of the treatment of breast cancer bone metastases to reduce SREs. With regards to prevention, there is no evidence that oral bisphosphonates can prevent bone metastases in advanced breast cancer without skeletal involvement. Several phase III clinical trials have evaluated bisphosphonates as adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer to prevent bone metastases. The current published data do not support the routine use of bisphosphonates in unselected patients with early breast cancer for metastasis prevention. However, significant benefit of adjuvant bisphosphonates has been consistently observed in the postmenopausal or ovarian suppression subgroup across multiple clinical trials, which raises the hypothesis that its greatest anti-tumor effect is in a low estrogen microenvironment. An individual patient data meta-analysis will be required to confirm survival benefit in this setting. This review summarizes the key evidence for current clinical practice and future directions.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Lamiaceae Family
Authors: Vladimir-Knežević Sanda , Blažeković Biljana , Kindl Marija , Vladić Jelena , Lower-Nedza Agnieszka , Brantner Adelheid
Published: January 2014

The present study aimed to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Lamiaceae medicinal plants growing wild in Croatia. Using Ellman’s colorimetric assay all tested ethanolic extracts and their hydroxycinnamic acid constituents demonstrated in vitro AChE inhibitory properties in a dose dependent manner. The extracts of Mentha x piperita, M. longifolia, Salvia officinalis, Satureja montana, Teucrium arduini, T. chamaedrys, T. montanum, T. polium and Thymus vulgaris at 1 mg/mL showed strong inhibitory activity against AChE. The antioxidant potential of the investigated Lamiaceae species was assessed by DPPH• scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity assays, in comparison with hydroxycinnamic acids and trolox. The extracts differed greatly in their total hydroxycinnamic derivatives content, determined spectrophotometrically. Rosmarinic acid was found to be the predominant constituent in most of the investigated medicinal plants (by RP-HPLC) and had a substantial influence on their AChE inhibitory and antioxidant properties, with the exception of Teucrium species. These findings indicate that Lamiaceae species are a rich source of various natural AChE inhibitors and antioxidants that could be useful in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s and other related diseases.
Fusion of Optimized Indicators from Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for Driver Drowsiness Detection
Authors: Daza Iván , Bergasa Luis , Bronte Sebastián , Yebes J. , Almazán Javier , Arroyo Roberto
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a non-intrusive approach for monitoring driver drowsiness using the fusion of several optimized indicators based on driver physical and driving performance measures, obtained from ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistant Systems) in simulated conditions. The paper is focused on real-time drowsiness detection technology rather than on long-term sleep/awake regulation prediction technology. We have developed our own vision system in order to obtain robust and optimized driver indicators able to be used in simulators and future real environments. These indicators are principally based on driver physical and driving performance skills. The fusion of several indicators, proposed in the literature, is evaluated using a neural network and a stochastic optimization method to obtain the best combination. We propose a new method for ground-truth generation based on a supervised Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). An extensive evaluation of indicators, derived from trials over a third generation simulator with several test subjects during different driving sessions, was performed. The main conclusions about the performance of single indicators and the best combinations of them are included, as well as the future works derived from this study.
Molecular phylogenetics supports widespread cryptic species in moonworts (Botrychium s.s., Ophioglossaceae)
Authors: Dauphin Benjamin , Vieu Julien , Grant Jason R.
Published: January 2014

• Premise of the study: Previous phylogenetic studies of moonworts (Botrychium sensu stricto (s.s.)) included few taxa from outside of North America. This low geographical representation limited interpretations of relationships of this group rich in cryptic species. With 18 out of 30 species in the genus being polyploid, understanding their evolutionary history remains a major challenge.

• Methods: A new molecular phylogeny was reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses based on multiple accessions of the most wide‐ranging Arctic taxa of Botrychium in North America and Europe using three noncoding plastid DNA regions (psbA‐trnHGUG, trnLUAA‐trnFGAA intergenic spacer, and rpL16 intron).

• Key results: The new phylogeny confirms the identity of several recently described species and proposed new taxa. Nine subclades are newly identified within the two major clades in Botrychium s.s.: Lanceolatum and Lunaria. Chloroplast DNA was variable enough to separate morphologically cryptic species in the Lunaria clade. On the contrary, much less variation is seen within the morphologically variable Lanceolatum clade despite sampling over the same broad geographic range. The chloroplast region psbA‐trnHGUG is identified as an efficient DNA barcode for the identification of cryptic taxa in Botrychium s.s.

• Conclusions: The combined increase in species representation, samples from throughout the geographic range of each species, and sequencing of multiple plastid DNA regions supports morphologically cryptic species in Botrychium s.s.
REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE HOLLOW BEAMS UNDER TORSION
Authors: Bernardo Luis F. A. , Andrade Jorge M. A. , Pereira-De-Oliveira Luiz A.
Published: January 2014

Recently a new rational theoretical model for beams under torsion has been proposed. This model, called Softened Membrane Model for Torsion (SMMT), is able to predict well the global behaviour of reinforced and prestressed concrete solid beams under torsion. This paper presents a study in order to check the SMMT for reinforced and prestressed concrete hollow beams under torsion. Theoretical predictions from SMMT are compared to some experimental results of hollow beams available in the literature and also with the predictions of another theoretical model previously proposed from the authors. It is shown that SMMT, with some corrections, is able to predict satisfactorily the overall behaviour of reinforced and prestressed concrete hollow beams under torsion.
Diseño del puente Abbas Ibn Firnás sobre el río Guadalquivir en Córdoba
Authors: Hinojosa I. , Manzanares J. L. , Molina A. J.
Published: January 2014

Las obras del Nuevo Acceso al Aeropuerto de Córdoba incluyen la construcción del Puente Abbas Ibn Firnás para salvar el cauce del río Guadalquivir. Se trata de un puente arco atirantado de dos vanos, con 132,50 m de luz cada uno con tres vanos de aproximación por la margen derecha que suman una longitud de 100 metros. El aspecto más relevante y singular de la estructura es el diseño de los arcos mixtos, que se abren en dos tubos hexagonales arriostrados, desde la pila central hacia los estribos, y la disposición de tirantes constituidos por cables cerrados en forma de “Y” que permite que se consiga una estructura espacial, un objeto tridimensional de gran esbeltez y rigidez, que acoge en su interior la circulación viaria, y dignifica el espacio urbano sobre el Guadalquivir.
Clasificación morfológica de los rellenos en el trasdós de bóvedas de fábrica
Authors: Ramos A. , León J.
Published: January 2014

En este artículo se establece una clasificación de los diferentes tipos de rellenos (rígidos o cementados, granulares firmes o sueltos y aligerados) situados en el trasdós de bóvedas y que han podido datarse en diferentes construcciones históricas en el ámbito geográfico de la Península Ibérica. Estos rellenos, tal y como pretende demostrar el estudio más amplio y del que se extrae el presente artículo, tienen una importancia vital para la estabilidad estructural de estas construcciones. Además de la clasificación, se establecen los patrones tipo con los que se encuentran estos rellenos y se introducen algunas de las consideraciones estructurales que deben tenerse en cuenta si se consideran estructuralmente.
F2TE3: sistema de cerramiento transparente, ligero, de altas prestaciones energéticas que permite el diseño con formas libres
Authors: Alonso L. , Bedoya C. , Lauret B. , Alonso F.
Published: January 2014

Se plantea un nuevo sistema de cerramiento monocasco ligero, de espesor mínimo, de alta eficiencia energética, mediante la utilización de tecnología tipo VIP 1, con un alto grado de transmisión de la luz, que permite el diseño con formas libres, para su utilización en proyectos arquitectónicos. La investigación se basa en el estudio de los elementos de cerramiento existentes en el mercado, en especial los implementados con aerogel como aislamiento térmico, ya que se trata del aislante transparente que mejores prestaciones ofrece actualmente, y determina que ninguno otro sistema de aislamiento cumple todas las prestaciones que se buscan con el nuevo sistema propuesto. Aún así, de ellos se pueden extraer cualidades para generarlo: la tecnología VIP, el aerogel monolítico como material aislante, y el Polimetilmetacrilato como material de encapsulado. Estos elementos de diseño nos han permitido definir, junto con ensayos realizados, y datos de estudios independientes, un nuevo sistema de cerramiento de formas libres que ofrece altas prestaciones energéticas.
Proceso de rotura de una cúpula oval en la catedral de Tortosa. Análisis del mecanismo de colapso
Authors: Lluis i Ginovart J. , Costa A. , Fortuny G. , Solà-Morales P. , Toldrà J. M.
Published: January 2014

En abril del 2011, una de las cúpulas tabicadas del recinto de la catedral de Tortosa (Tarragona), construida a finales del siglo XVIII, rompió repentinamente. El artículo presenta la evolución de la rotura y sus causas, analizando el progresivo proceso de fisuración iniciado con el descentramiento de la linterna. Con el objetivo de conocer el comportamiento de la cúpula y su capacidad portante, se analizan las condiciones de equilibrio a partir del estudio constructivo inicial. Se utilizan de manera complementaria métodos gráficos tradicionales y modelos tridimensionales por elementos finitos (MEF) con el programa libre Salome-Meca 6.3. A partir de la interpretación de los resultados, el estudio concluye que la cúpula por sí sola no tiene capacidad para mantenerse en equilibrio bajo el peso de la linterna. Así el efecto de las termitas sobre la sección de una de las vigas de cubierta provocará el asiento de la linterna y, en consecuencia, la formación de rótulas de colapso a partir de la distribución asimétrica de las cargas.
Método de construcción en base a la caracterización orientado a fomentar el conocimiento de las características arquitecturales externas de edificaciones rurales tradicionales
Authors: Porto S. M. C. , Cascone G.
Published: January 2014

La comunidad científica le atribuye a las construcciones rurales tradicionales un papel fundamental en términos de conservación del medioambiente y de evolución rural. Dichos edificios deben ser protegidos contra obras inapropiadas debidas a un conocimiento más bien superficial. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue el de eliminar dichas limitaciones desarrollando un método basado en la caracterización de las construcciones rurales tradicionales, que puede ser aplicado para mejorar el conocimiento de estas últimas. En particular, el susodicho estudio tiene la finalidad de caracterizar los materiales y las técnicas constructivas a emplear para la construcción de algunos componentes del envoltorio externo de las construcciones rurales tradicionales. La aplicación del método propuesto a una zona homogénea del Parque Regional del Etna (Italia) puso de relieve la necesidad de mejorar las normas técnicas del Plan de Coordinación Territorial del parque para respetar las características de las construcciones rurales tradicionales situadas en la zona protegida.
Dimensionamiento del refuerzo a flexión con laminados de polímeros reforzados con fibras (FRP) evitando su desprendimiento prematuro
Authors: Oller E. , Marí A. R. , Bellido L.
Published: January 2014

La investigación experimental de elementos de hormigón reforzados a flexión mediante la adhesión de laminados de polímeros reforzados con fibras (FRP) muestra que en la mayor parte de ensayos, el laminado se desprende de forma prematura iniciándose normalmente el fallo en las regiones más solicitadas debido al efecto de las fisuras intermedias. Desde los inicios de esta técnica de refuerzo, se han desarrollado modelos para evitar este tipo de rotura, la mayoría de los cuales presentan una dispersión considerable comparando sus resultados con los experimentales. En este artículo se presenta un análisis comparativo de diferentes formulaciones existentes a partir de una base de datos de ensayos recopilada por los autores. Posteriormente, se propone un método de dimensionamiento basado en un diagrama de interacción cortante-flexión asociado al desprendimiento del refuerzo, que depende de la máxima fuerza rasante transmitida entre fisuras adyacentes. Finalmente, se compara este método con el resto de modelos analizados, obteniéndose resultados muy satisfactorios en relación a la predicción de la carga última.
A Study on Muscle Fatigue Associated with Awkward Posture among Workers in Aerospace Industry
Authors: Seri Rahayu K. , Norhidayah Hashim , Mohd Shahrizan O.
Published: January 2014

In aerospace industry, many tasks required manufacturing workers to perform their works in awkward posture. Awkward posture is a practical working posture when joints are not in neutral position such as lifting heavy products, reaching materials, bending forward their back when doing jobs, and pushing or pulling excessive loads because those tasks require a stable position and large degree of freedom. If the workers perform the jobs continuously in awkward posture throughout the working hours, they may be experience muscle fatigue. The objective of this study is to measure the myoelectric level (μV) exerted by the right and left thoracolumbar fascia muscles while workers perform the lay-up process in aerospace industry. The myoelectric level in the muscles was measured using surface Electromyography (sEMG) measurement. Six production workers from aerospace industry participated as subjects. The muscle fatigue of the subjects was measured during beginning until finish of lay-up process. This measuring activity has been doing from Wednesday to Friday. Highest results of myoelectric level for right thoracolumbar fascia is when the workers make the lay-up process for ply seven until ply eleven. Different with the results of myoelectric level for left thoracolumbar fascia which is; three of the workers got highest result when they are making the lay-up process for ply seven until ply eleven, but the other three of the workers got highest result when they are making the lay-up process for ply twelve. Nevertheless, after averaging both of the results, a mean result for each worker shows the highest myoelectric level is when the workers make the lay-up process for ply seven until ply eleven. According to the mean, a percentage of worse tasks are projected. Based on this study, the authors concluded that muscle fatigue of the lay-up workers in aerospace industry was influenced by the work load, work activity and duration of awkward posture.
Application of the Least Squares Support Vector Machine Based on Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization for Data Fitting of Small Samples
Authors: Wang Hong Kai , Ma Ji Sheng , Fang Li Qing , Yang Yan Feng , Liu Hai Ping
Published: January 2014

In order to better observe the trend of small sample data, this paper based on that the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) algorithm has an outstanding performance in the data processing of small sample, presents a data fitting method for small sample. The quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) that has better global search ability is used to optimize the parameters of the least squares support vector machine, and establish the curve fitting model. According to error analysis, show that the method presented in this paper has a good application value.
The Influence of Evacuation Signs on Evacuation for Bad Visibility
Authors: Chen Hai Tao , Yang Peng , Yu Run Cang
Published: January 2014

In emergencies such as fire, pedestrian evacuation for bad visibility is significantly different to the evacuation for normal visibility. In the novel evacuation model, the strategies of pedestrian evacuation and the moving rules are proposed. Then the formulas of the evacuation time are achieved and the time ratio is 0.63. More, using the programming language, pedestrian evacuation is simulated and reproduced. The studies shows that the proposed evacuation model can well reflect the process of pedestrian evacuation; and the evacuation signs of reasonable design can significantly optimize the process. The calculation results also show that the ratio of evacuation time between considering evacuation signs and no evacuation signs is close to 0.63 that is the theoretical results.
Single-Polarization Double Refraction in Plasmonic Crystals: Considerations on Energy Flow
Authors: Zapata-Rodríguez Carlos J. , Pastor David , Martínez Luis E. , Caballero María T. , Miret Juan J.
Published: January 2014

We examined the optical properties of nanolayered metal-dielectric lattices. At subwavelength regimes, the periodic array of metallic nanofilms demonstrates nonlocality-induced double refraction, conventional positive and as well as negative. In particular, we report on energy-flow considerations concerning both refractive behaviors concurrently. Numerical simulations provide transmittance of individual beams in Ag-TiO2 metamaterials under different configurations. In regimes of the effective-medium theory predicting elliptic dispersion, negative refraction may be stronger than the expected positive refraction.
Finite-Element Analysis of Buckle Propagation in Offshore Pipelines
Authors: Lin Yi Zhou , Xue Jiang Hong , Tang Ming Qiao
Published: January 2014

The buckle propagation phenomenon in offshore pipelines is an important subject of ocean engineering. The local buckling will easily propagate along the pipeline if the external hydrostatic pressure is high enough. The buckle propagation will seriously hinder the transmission of the oil. This paper focuses on the numerical calculation of buckle propagation pressure using ABAQUS software.
Numerical Simulation Analysis for Scroll of Scroll Compressor Based on ABAQUS
Authors: Zheng Qing Qian , Yang Bin , Chen Ning , Yang Hui Min , Hu Min
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the finite method is applied and ABAQUS software is used, the vortex flow field is loaded as boundary condition of wraps. The stress and deformation in scroll under the action of gas pressure, temperature load and both of them is analyzed, the stress distribution and deformation of wraps in different shaft rotation angles is discussed, the stress distribution and deformation discipline of wraps are also respectively obtained. The results show that the overall stress and deformation in scroll are the largest when compression chamber is moving near the vent position and the thermal deformation is the main factor of affecting the overall deformation of scroll.
Analyzing the Evolutionary Paths and Forecasting the Trend of Development of the Furnace Roller
Authors: Wang Jian Xin , Hu Yi Jing , Wu Qi Ming
Published: January 2014

The main performances of the furnace roller evolution paths are summarized and analysed by applying theory evolution of TRIZ. Based on these evolution paths, the possible development direction of the furnace roller had been forecasted.
Study on the Regularity of the Center Quality of Cross Wedge Rolling Asymmetric Shaft Parts Based on Parity Wedge
Authors: Shu Xue Dao , Liu Wen Ping , Cheng Chao , Li Zhan , Peng Wen Fei , Sun Bao Shou
Published: January 2014

In order to expand cross wedge rolling technology applications further and improving the quality of asymmetric shaft parts, this paper predicts the position of center defect location of Cross Wedge Rolling asymmetric shaft parts based on Parity Wedge by Normalized C & L criteria. On this basis, it conducted a systematic study on the effect of forming angle on quality of rolling core part. It has found that, during the forming process of Cross Wedge Rolling shaft parts, rolling center region was more prone to damage, and achieved the regularity of process parameters on the quality of core part. The study results lay the theoretical foundation for preventing defects effectively and improving quality of rolling core part.
Finite Element Modal Analysis of Reciprocating Compressor Crankshaft Based on ANSYS Workbench
Authors: Zhang You Jun , Zhao Nan , Lu Jie
Published: January 2014

Crankshaft is one of the important parts of reciprocating compressor. It takes a large reciprocating compressor crankshaft as the research object. First it establishes the three-dimensional solid model of the crankshaft by the software Pro/E. Then it contacts the Pro/E and ANSYS Workbench by the interface to establish the finite element model of the crankshaft. After taking the modal analysis and calculations of the crankshaft in the ANSYS Workbench module, it obtains the foundation for the design of the crankshaft structure.