Characterization of proteoglycans synthesized by murine embryonal carcinoma cells (P19) reveals increased expression of perlecan (heparan sulfate proteoglycan) during neuronal differentiation
Authors: Sekiguchi R. T. , Potter‐Perigo S. , Braun K. , Miller J. , Ngo C. , Fukuchi K. , Wight T. N. , Kimata K. , Snow A. D. 
Published: January 2005

Proteoglyacans (PGs) incorporated into cell layer and secreted into media were characterized during retinoic acid‐induced neuronal differentiation of cultured P19 murine embryonal carcinoma cells. Heparan sulfate significantly increased (P < 0.01) in cell layer following neuronal differentiation of P19 cells by 3.9‐fold. CL‐4B gel chromatography revealed the major PGs present in cell layer of stem cells eluted as a broad peak with a Kav =0.65, and was susceptible to chondroitin ABC lyase. The chondroitin ABC lyase resistant material eluted as a broad peak between Kav = 0.40 and Kav = 0.60, and was only partially digested with heparitinase/heparinase (with resistant material eluting at Kav = 0.70). Therefore, the cell layer of stem cells contained primarily chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) PGs, with lesser amounts of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). This was confirmed by SDS‐PAGE. The CS/DS PGs in the cell layer of stem cells had an apparent Mr of ∼ > 200 kDa, and the HSPGs had an apparent Mr of ∼ 140–230 kDa. In contrast, the major PGs in the cell layer of neurons consisted primarily of HSPGs, with only a minor proportion of CS/DS PGs. Furthermore, both gel filtration chromatography and SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed a larger HSPG in the cell layer of neurons (Kav = 0.3–0.6 on CL‐4B following chondroitin ABC lyase digestion; Mr 170 kDa–>400 kDa on SDS‐PAGE) in comparison to stem cells (Kav = 0.4–0.6 on CL‐4B following chondroitin ABC lyase digestion; Mr 140–230 kDa on SDS‐PAGE). Likewise, the major PGs secreted into media of stem cells consisted almost exclusively of CS/DS PGs, with lesser amounts of HSPGs, whereas an increase in HSPGs in the media of neurons was apparent. Western, Northern, and immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that mRNA transcript and protein levels for a specific HSPG (i.e., perlecan) markedly increased in cell layer following P19 neuronal differentiation. Perlecan core protein was identified by Western blot analysis using specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, as a large HSPG with a core protein of apparent Mr ∼ 370–400 kDa, and was observed primarily in extracts from neurons. Northern blot analysis with a cDNA to perlecan revealed a significant (P < 0.01) 12.7‐fold increase in expression of perlecan in neurons (day 9) in comparison to stem cells. The increase in perlecan message during P19 neuronal differentiation was concomitant with a significant (P < 0.01) 26.3‐fold increase in message for beta‐amyloid precursor protein (βPP). Immunohistochemical staining of P19 cultures with perlecan‐specific antibodies revealed perlecan primarily localized to cell bodies and neurites of differentiated P19 cells which were identified as neurons on adjacent sections by positive immunostaining with neuronal markers (choline acetyltransferase and acetyl cholinesterase). This study demonstrates for the first time that perlecan is synthesized by neuron‐like cells and will serve as a baseline for future studies utilizing the P19 cell culture system to assess the influence of specific PGs/GAGs on PPP metabolism. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.