bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upper crustal structure beneath the northern South Yellow Sea revealed by wide‐angle seismic tomography and joint interpretation of geophysical data
Authors: Zou Zhihui , Liu Kai , Zhao Weina , Liu Huaishan , Zhou Hua‐wei , Meng Xiangjun , Li Yang , Gurrola Harold
Published: July 2016

Mapping the crustal structure beneath the South Yellow Sea (SYS), which includes the collision zone between the North China Block and the South China Block, will help to reveal the geologic history and relationship between these geologic blocks. Previous interpretations of the crustal structure of the SYS did not use detailed seismic velocity structure as a constraint. We produced an upper crustal velocity model of the northern SYS using a new wide‐angle seismic dataset. Velocity anomalies resolved by our models correlate well with known features such as sedimentary basins and the tectonic uplifts in the SYS as low‐ and high‐velocity anomalies, respectively. As might be expected, not only major faults and/or lithologic boundaries were found to be associated with large velocity gradients, but also our models exhibited resolvable deeply penetrating vertical low‐velocity anomalies associated with the locations of strike‐slip faults that were poorly resolved in an older seismic reflection profile. Our interpretations of the locations of major faults were based on the stacked seismic reflection profile and velocity modelling of wide‐angle seismic array data and were extended to neighbouring regions by following trends in gravity, magnetic and earthquake location data. Faults traversing the North Basin of the SYS converged with the onshore Jia‐Xiang Fault (JXF), suggesting that the branching of the JXF fault system controlled the formation of the North Basin. The distribution of the strike‐slip faults resolved by our modelling of the JXF leads us to propose a model for the North Basin as a strike‐slip stress regime that is consistent with the known tectonic framework. These models will be useful for future analysis of the regional tectonic evolution of the SYS region. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cutaneous head and neck melanoma in OPTiM, a randomized phase 3 trial of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor for the treatment of unresected stage IIIB/IIIC/IV melanoma
Authors: Andtbacka Robert H. I. , Agarwala Sanjiv S. , Ollila David W. , Hallmeyer Sigrun , Milhem Mohammed , Amatruda Thomas , Nemunaitis John J. , Harrington Kevin J. , Chen Lisa , Shilkrut Mark , Ross Merrick , Kaufman Howard L.
Published: July 2016

Background

Cutaneous head and neck melanoma has poor outcomes and limited treatment options. In OPTiM, a phase 3 study in patients with unresectable stage IIIB/IIIC/IV melanoma, intralesional administration of the oncolytic virus talimogene laherparepvec improved durable response rate (DRR; continuous response ≥6 months) compared with subcutaneous granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF).

Methods

Retrospective review of OPTiM identified patients with cutaneous head and neck melanoma given talimogene laherparepvec (n = 61) or GM‐CSF (n = 26). Outcomes were compared between talimogene laherparepvec and GM‐CSF treated patients with cutaneous head and neck melanoma.

Results

DRR was higher for talimogene laherparepvec–treated patients than for GM‐CSF treated patients (36.1% vs 3.8%; p = .001). A total of 29.5% of patients had a complete response with talimogene laherparepvec versus 0% with GM‐CSF. Among talimogene laherparepvec–treated patients with a response, the probability of still being in response after 12 months was 73%. Median overall survival (OS) was 25.2 months for GM‐CSF and had not been reached with talimogene laherparepvec.

Conclusion

Treatment with talimogene laherparepvec was associated with improved response and survival compared with GM‐CSF in patients with cutaneous head and neck melanoma. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1752–1758, 2016
Polymorphism of IL‐10 receptor β affects the prognosis of multiple myeloma patients treated with thalidomide and/or bortezomib
Authors: Kasamatsu Tetsuhiro , Saitoh Takayuki , Ino Rumi , Gotoh Nanami , Mitsui Takeki , Shimizu Hiroaki , Matsumoto Morio , Sawamura Morio , Yokohama Akihiko , Handa Hiroshi , Tsukamoto Norifumi , Murakami Hirokazu
Published: July 2016

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and IL‐10 receptor (IL‐10R) single nucleotide polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many cancers. We investigated the influence of IL‐10 −592C/A, IL‐10RA I224V, and IL‐10RB K47E on the risk of developing multiple myeloma (MM) and the clinical features of MM. We extracted the genomic DNA from 128 MM patients and 202 healthy controls and used polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method to detect IL‐10 promoter −592C/A (rs1800872), IL‐10RA (rs2228055), and IL‐10RB K47E (rs2834167) genotypes. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the interval from the date of diagnosis to the date of death or last clinical appointment. No statistically significant difference was observed in the genotype and allele frequencies of IL‐10 −592C/A, IL‐10RA I224V, and IL‐10RB K47E between MM patients and healthy controls. IL‐10RA II genotype was significantly associated with a hemoglobin level lower than that of IV and VV genotypes (mean ± standard deviation, 9.21 ± 2.46 vs 10.3 ± 2.33 g/dL;P = .021). IL‐10 −592 AA genotype was significantly associated with OS better than that of CA and CC genotypes (median OS, 74.5 vs 46.3 months;P = .047). We observed significant differences in survival between patients treated with thalidomide and/or bortezomib and those treated with conventional treatments (median OS, 74.5 vs 38.2 months;P = .021). Therefore, we also examined the effect of IL‐10 and IL‐10R polymorphisms on the clinical variables and OS of patients treated with thalidomide and/or bortezomib. In addition, IL‐10RB EE genotype was significantly associated with poorer survival than KK and KE genotypes (median OS, 46.3 vs 78.8 months;P = .015). Our findings indicate that IL‐10 and IL‐10R gene polymorphisms may not contribute to the susceptibility to MM but may be associated with the severity and prognosis of MM. In particular, IL‐10RB K47E polymorphism may contribute to the poor prognosis of MM patients treated with thalidomide and/or bortezomib.
Tumor‐associated mesenchymal stem cells inhibit naïve T cell expansion by blocking cysteine export from dendritic cells
Authors: Ghosh Tithi , Barik Subhasis , Bhuniya Avishek , Dhar Jesmita , Dasgupta Shayani , Ghosh Sarbari , Sarkar Madhurima , Guha Ipsita , Sarkar Koustav , Chakrabarti Pinak , Saha Bhaskar , Storkus Walter J , Baral Rathindranath , Bose Anamika
Published: July 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an important cellular constituent of the tumor microenvironment, which along with tumor cells themselves, serve to regulate protective immune responses in support of progressive disease. We report that tumor MSCs prevent the ability of dendritic cells (DC) to promote naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cell expansion, interferon gamma secretion and cytotoxicity against tumor cells, which are critical to immune‐mediated tumor eradication. Notably, tumor MSCs fail to prevent DC‐mediated early T cell activation events or the ability of responder T cells to produce IL‐2. The immunoregulatory activity of tumor MSCs is IL‐10‐ and STAT3‐dependent, with STAT3 repressing DC expression of cystathionase, a critical enzyme that converts methionine‐to‐cysteine. Under cysteine‐deficient priming conditions, naïve T cells exhibit defective cellular metabolism and proliferation. Bioinformatics analyses as well as in vitro observations suggest that STAT3 may directly bind to a GAS‐like motif within the cystathionase promoter (−269 to −261) leading to IL‐10‐STAT3 mediated repression of cystathionase gene transcription. Our collective results provide evidence for a novel mechanism of tumor MSC‐mediated T cell inhibition within tumor microenvironment.
The problem with [in] management theory
Authors: Mathieu John E.
Published: July 2016

Theory is essential to everything that we do as people studying and practicing industrial/organizational psychology and organizational behavior. But, I think that our field has lost its way recently and become enamored by shiny objects and interesting puzzles. Advancing management theory seems to have become an end state in and of itself. We seemed to be far more concerned with the entertainment value of theories than we are with their scientific rigor or real‐world value. Top journals in our field are mandating that all articles must make a theoretical contribution, and theoretical contributions are being gauged primarily in terms of how innovative, counter‐intuitive, surprising, and interesting they may be. I advocate for a more balanced approach, and in particular, for greater use of abductive inference. I argue that if you start with a real‐world challenge and draw from existing theory, and then develop new theory to understand and change things, you are also making a theoretical contribution. Whether or not we are guided by theory is not really at issue—at issue is how well developed are our theories, how accurate are they, and do they help us to improve organizational life for everyone involved?
Point mutation (R153H or R153C) in Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase: Biochemical characterization and functional implication
Authors: Song Ping , Li Shan , Wu Yatao , Lv Changqi , Wang Peng , Zhu Guoping
Published: July 2016

Arginine 132 (R132) mutations to histidine or cysteine frequently occur to cytosolic NADP+‐isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) in secondary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, in which GBM develops from a lower grade astroctyoma. Mutant enzymes lose the normal IDH activity, but acquire a neomorphic ability of producing 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐HG) from α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG). In the present study, the analogous mutations, Arg to His or Cys, were employed to homologous Arg153 of the NADP+‐IDH from Escherichia coli (EcIDH), generating two mutants: EcIDH R153 H and EcIDH R153C. The mutations dramatically reduced the catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of EcIDH R153H and EcIDH R153C for isocitrate oxidation, which dropped to only 0.6 and 1.5% of the wild‐type enzyme, respectively. Neoenzymatic activities of catalyzing α‐KG to 2‐HG by EcIDH R153H and EcIDH R153C were confirmed by GC/TOF‐MS analysis. The Km values of EcIDH R153H and EcIDH R153C displayed for α‐KG were 3.3 ± 0.12 and 2.2 ± 0.13 mM, respectively, and the catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of the two mutants for α‐KG were 300 and 450 M−1 s−1, respectively. As human IDH1 Arg132 mutation is cancer‐associated, the present study provides new information for the in‐depth investigation of the metabolic influence of EcIDH Arg mutation in vivo.
Evaluation of phytic acid utilization by S. cerevisiae strains used in fermentation processes and biomass production
Authors: Mikulski Dawid , Kłosowski Grzegorz
Published: July 2016

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well‐studied yeast species used mainly in fermentation processes, bakery, and for SCP (Single Cell Protein) acquisition. The aim of the study was to analyze the possibility of phytic acid utilization as one of the hydrolysis processes carried out by yeast. The analysis of 30 yeast strains used in fermentation and for biomass production, that were grown in media containing phytic acid, revealed a high variability in the biomass production rate and the capability to hydrolyze phytates. No correlation between a high biomass concentration and a high level of phytate hydrolysis was found. Only four analyzed strains (Bayanus IOC Efficience, Sano, PINK EXCEL, FINAROME) were able to reduce the phytic acid concentration by more than 33.5%, from the initial concentration 103.0 ± 2.1 μg/ml to the level below 70 μg/ml. The presented results suggest that the selected wine and fodder yeast can be used as in situ source of phosphohydrolases in fermentation processes, and especially in the production of fodder proteins. However, further studies aimed at the optimization of growing parameters, such as the maximization of phytase secretion, and a comprehensive analysis of the catalytic activity of the isolated phosphohydrolases, are necessary.
Urban meteorological modeling using WRF: a sensitivity study
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Fernando Harindra J.S. , Hamlet Alan F. , Hellmann Jessica J. , Barlage Michael , Chen Fei
Published: July 2016

This study explores the sensitivity of high‐resolution mesoscale simulations of urban heat island (UHI) in the Chicago metropolitan area (CMA) and its environs to urban physical parameterizations, with emphasis on the role of lake breeze. A series of climate downscaling experiments were conducted using the urban‐Weather Research and Forecasting (uWRF) model at 1‐km horizontal resolution for a relatively warm period with a strong lake breeze. The study employed best available morphological data sets, selection of appropriate urban parameters, and estimates of anthropogenic heating sources for the CMA. Several urban parameterization schemes were then evaluated using these parameter values. The study also examined (1) the impacts of land data assimilation for initialization of the mesoscale model, (2) the role of urbanization on UHI and lake breeze, and (3) the effects of sub‐grid scale land‐cover variability on urban meteorological predictions. Comparisons of temperature and wind simulations with station observations and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite data in the CMA showed that uWRF, with appropriate selection of urban parameter values, was able to reproduce the measured near‐surface temperature and wind speeds reasonably well. In particular, the model was able to capture the observed spatial variation of 2‐m near‐surface temperatures at night, when the UHI effect was pronounced. Results showed that inclusion of sub‐grid scale variability of land‐use and initializing models with more accurate land surface data can yield improved simulations of near‐surface temperatures and wind speeds, particularly in the context of simulating the extent and spatial heterogeneity of UHI effects.
The identification and evaluation of two different color variations of tea
Authors: Li Yuchen , Chen Changsong , Li Yusheng , Ding Zhaotang , Shen Jiazhi , Wang Yu , Zhao Lei , Xu Meng
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

The tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntz, is a perennial woody plant widely cultivated for the production of a popular non‐alcoholic beverage. To rapidly identify and evaluate two different color tea varieties (yellowish and purplish), the main phenotypic traits and quality components were tested in the present study. The metabolic profiles of tea shoots and leaves were also analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

The yellowish variation had a higher active level with respect to metabolism of catechins, and the contents of luteolin and kaempferol 3‐α‐d‐glucoside were much higher compared to in the other variations. However, the purplish variation had a low content of theanine and a high content of caffeine. The contents of quercetin and kaempferol 3‐α‐d‐galactoside were highest in purplish leaves. Moreover, the yellowish variation had the highest total quality scores for green teas and black teas, whereas the purplish variation had the highest scores for oolong teas.

CONCLUSION

Both the yellowish variation and the purplish variation represent excellent breeding materials and are worthy of breeding as new tea cultivars. The yellowish variation is more suitable for making high‐grade green teas or black teas, whereas the purplish variation is suitable for producing fine quality oolong teas. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of salt stress imposed during two growth phases on cauliflower production and quality
Authors: Giuffrida Francesco , Cassaniti Carla , Malvuccio Angelo , Leonardi Cherubino
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Cultivation of cauliflower is diffused in Mediterranean areas where water salinity results in the need to identify alternative irrigation sources or management strategies. Using saline water during two growth phases (from transplanting to visible appearance of inflorescence or from appearance of inflorescence to head harvest), the present study aimed to identify the growth period that is more suitable for irrigation with low quality water in relation to cauliflower production and quality.

RESULTS

Salinity affected cauliflower growth mainly when imposed in the first growth phase. The growth reduction depended mainly on ion‐specific effects, although slight nutrient imbalances as a result of Na+ and Cl− antagonisms were observed. The use of non‐saline water in the first or second growth period reduced both the osmotic and toxic effects of salinity. When salinity was applied during inflorescence growth, yield was reduced because of a restriction of water accumulation in the head.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study demonstrate the possibility of producing marketable cauliflower heads under conditions of salinity by timing the application of the best quality water during the first growth phase to improve fruit quality and during the second phase to reduce the negative effects of salinity on yield. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Second‐neighbor interactions in classical field theories: invariance of the relative power and covariance
Authors: Mariano Paolo Maria
Published: July 2016

We propose a model‐building framework unifying those continuum models of condensed matter accounting for second‐neighbor interactions. A notion of material isomorphism justifies restrictions that we impose to changes in observers on the material manifold. In the presence of dissipation due to evolution of inhomogeneities, we extend the notion of relative power including hyperstresses and derive pertinent balance equations by exploiting an invariance axiom. The scheme presented here permits an extension of the multi‐field model‐building framework for complex materials to account at a gross scale for second‐neighbor microstructural interactions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iteratively coupled solution strategies for a four‐field mixed finite element method for poroelasticity
Authors: Yi Son‐Young , Bean Maranda L.
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we consider numerical algorithms for modeling of the time‐dependent coupling between the fluid flow and deformation in elastic porous media. Here, we employ a four‐field formulation which uses the total stress, displacement, flux, and pressure as its primary variables and satisfies Darcy's law and linear elasticity in mixed weak form. We present four different iteratively coupled methods, known as drained, undrained, fixed‐strain, and fixed‐stress splits, in which the diffusion operator is separated from the elasticity operator and the two subproblems are solved in a staggered way while ensuring convergence of the solution at each time step. A‐priori convergence results for each iterative coupling which differs from those found when using a traditional two‐field or three‐field formulation are presented. We also present some numerical results to support the convergence estimates and to show the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile preparation of chitin nanowhisker–gold nanocluster hybrids: effect of feeding ratio and surface amino group contents on gold absorption amount
Authors: Araki Jun , Moriguchi Yuki
Published: July 2016

Chitin nanowhiskers (ChNWs) hybridized with the densely adsorbed gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were facilely prepared by a simple mixing of aqueous suspensions of ChNWs and AuNCs. Adsorption of AuNCs on the ChNW surface was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The amounts of adsorbed AuNCs measured by thermogravimetry and combustion using a muffle furnace were in good agreement. While the amount of adsorbed AuNCs increased with AuNCs/ChNWs feeding ratio, we found only a weak dependence of adsorbed AuNC amount on the surface amino group content of ChNWs controlled by pre‐deacetylation of the starting chitin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients with retinoblastoma and chromosome 13q deletions have increased chemotherapy‐related toxicities
Authors: Brennan Rachel C. , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Billups Catherine A. , Kaluzny Tracy , Furman Wayne L. , Wilson Matthew W.
Published: July 2016

Background

A total of 5–10% of patients with retinoblastoma (RB) harbor deletion of the long arm (q) chromosome 13 (13q‐). The treatment‐related toxicities in this population have not been described.

Methods

Sixty‐eight RB patients on a single institutional protocol (RET5) from 2005 to 2010 were reviewed. Genetic screening identified 11 patients (seven female) with 13q‐. Patients with early (Reese‐Ellsworth [R‐E] group I–III) disease (6/23 with 13q‐) received eight courses of vincristine/carboplatin (VC). Patients with advanced (R‐E group IV‐V) bilateral disease (2/27 with 13q‐) received two courses of vincristine/topotecan (VT) followed by nine courses of alternating VT/VC. Patients undergoing upfront enucleation received histopathology‐based chemotherapy: intermediate risk (2/8 with 13q‐) or high risk (1/10 with 13q‐). Dose reductions were mandated for >7 day delay in two consecutive courses following hematologic toxicity. Grades 3 and 4 hematologic, infectious, and gastrointestinal toxicities were compared between RET5 patients with and without 13q‐.

Results

Demographics were similar between groups. When present, prolonged neutropenia (median 7 days, range 0–14 days) delayed chemotherapy and resulted in more frequent dose reductions among 13q‐ patients (5/11) than non‐13q‐ patients (4/57) (P < 0.01). GI toxicity was similar between groups (5/11 13q‐ vs. 13/57 non‐13q‐; P = 0.14), but halted chemotherapy in one 13q‐ patient. Infectious complications and disease outcomes were similar between groups. At follow‐up, all patients are alive (median 6.1 years, range 7.6 months–9.5 years).

Conclusions

13q‐ RB patients had a higher incidence of neutropenia requiring chemotherapy dose reductions, but did not have increased treatment failure.
Magnetic nanoparticle containing thiol‐ene crosslinked hydrogels for controlled and targeted release of hydrophobic drugs
Authors: Oktay Burcu , Demir Serap , Kayaman‐Apohan Nilhan
Published: July 2016

This study reports a straightforward but very effective method to produce nanocomposite hydrogels for targeted drug delivery system. An organic network containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components was obtained using thiol‐ene cross‐linking. Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by chemical co‐precipitation. The surface of the MNPs was modified with allyl groups to avoid agglomeration. Composite hydrogels were prepared by addition of surface modified MNPs to hydrogel formulation at different ratios. The prepared composite hydrogels were investigated for their ability to loading and release hydrophobic drugs tamoxifen and clarithromycin. The morphological and structural characterizations of MNPs were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and Environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Environmental scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Moreover the superparamagnetic behavior of the hydrogels was studied by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The saturation magnetization values increased with the magnetite content. Swelling, gel content and degradation of the hydrogels were examined. According to the loading of drugs, the maximum loading efficiency was 91% for tamoxifen and 70% for clarithromycin due to the stronger hydrophobic interactions. In vitro release studies showed that controlled release of the drugs occurred over a prolonged period of time. Therefore, drug loaded hydrogels can be considered as potential long‐term sustained drug release systems. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E200–E209, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Enhanced thermal and hydrophobic surface properties of shape‐stabilized nanodiamond/fatty alcohol grafted poly(ethylene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) composite phase change materials
Authors: Baştürk Emre , Şen Ferhat , Kahraman Memet Vezir
Published: July 2016

Fatty alcohol grafted poly(ethylene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) (PEMA‐g‐FA) are synthesized from esterification of poly (ethylene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) (PEMA) with tetradecanol and octadecanol. Obtained PEMA‐g‐FA's composites were prepared with different ratios of nanodiamond as phase change materials (PCM).The chemical structure of the synthesized PEMA‐g‐FA was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Phase change behaviors of PEMA‐g‐FA and their composites were examined by using differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal stability of the samples was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the surface morphology of the samples was investigated by a scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope. The melting and freezing temperature and enthalpy of comb‐like polymers were increased with increasing the content of nanodiamond and the n‐alkyl side chains length. Finally, the obtained results prove that, thanks to high latent heat storage capacity and high thermal stability, the prepared comb‐like polymeric PCMs and their composites could be used in thermal energy storage applications. The prepared shape stabilized composite PCMs could be a promising material and could have practical applications in industries such as solar cooling refrigeration systems, solar air heating systems, and smart textile systems. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1887–1895, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Durability of polymeric encapsulation materials in a PMMA/glass concentrator photovoltaic system
Authors: Miller David C. , Kempe Michael D. , Muller Matthew T. , Gray Matthew H. , Araki Kenji , Kurtz Sarah R.
Published: July 2016

The durability of polymeric encapsulation materials was examined using outdoor exposure at the nominal geometric concentration of 500 suns. The results for 36‐month cumulative field deployment are presented for materials including: poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate), (EVA); polyvinyl butyral (PVB); ionomer; polyethylene/polyoctene copolymer (PO); thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU); poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS); poly(diphenyl dimethyl siloxane) (PDPDMS); and poly(phenyl‐methyl siloxane) (PPMS). Measurements of the field conditions including ambient temperature and ultraviolet (UV) dose were recorded at the test site during the experiment. Measurements for the experiment included optical transmittance (with subsequent analysis of solar‐weighted transmittance, UV cut‐off wavelength, and yellowness index), mass, visual photography, photoelastic imaging, and fluorescence spectroscopy. While the results to date for EVA are presented and discussed, examination here focuses more on the siloxane materials. A specimen recently observed to fail by thermal decomposition is discussed in terms of the implementation of the experiment as well as its fluorescence signature, which was observed to become more pronounced with age. Modulated thermogravimetry (allowing determination of the activation energy of thermal decomposition) was performed on a subset of the siloxanes to quantify the propensity for decomposition at elevated temperatures. Supplemental, Pt‐catalyst‐ and primer‐solutions as well as peroxide‐cured PDMS specimens were examined to assess the source of the luminescence. The results of the study including the change in optical transmittance, observed failure modes, and subsequent analyses of the failure modes are described in the conclusions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and kinetic modeling of biomass‐derived renewable polyesters
Authors: Lomelí‐Rodríguez Mónica , Martín‐Molina Miguel , Jiménez‐Pardo María , Nasim‐Afzal Zahara , Cauët Solène I. , Davies Thomas E. , Rivera‐Toledo Martín , Lopez‐Sanchez Jose A.
Published: July 2016

The biomass‐derived polyesters poly(1,3‐propylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PPF), poly(1,3‐propylene succinate) (PPS) and poly(1,3‐propylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate‐co‐1,3‐propylene succinate) (PPFPS) have been synthesizedviaa two‐step process involving polycondensation and azeotropic distillation. The kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental data from a batch polymerization reactor to three different kinetic models for polyesterification reactions. The activation energies of the all monomer systems were obtained by Arrhenius plots. Given the increasing availability of biomass‐derived monomers their use in renewable polyesters as substitutes for fossil fuel derived chemicals becomes a distinct possibility. The kinetic modeling of the uncatalyzed polyesterification reactions will enable further integrative process simulation of the studied bioderived polymers and provide a reference for future practical study or industrial applications of catalyzed polyesterification reactions and other bioderived monomer systems. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2016,54, 2876–2887
Industrial bifacial n‐type silicon solar cells applying a boron co‐diffused rear emitter and an aluminum rear finger grid
Authors: Dullweber Thorsten , Wehmeier Nadine , Nowack Anja , Brendemühl Till , Kajari‐Schröder Sarah , Brendel Rolf
Published: July 2016

The solar industry is introducing p‐type monofacial passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC) into mass production. However, the efficiency of p‐type PERC cells is subject to light‐induced degradation (LID). In this paper, we introduce a novel solar cell design which we name BiCoRE as abbreviation of “bifacial co‐diffused rear emitter.” The BiCoRE cell process is very similar to the high volume proven PERC process sequence, but uses LID stable n‐type wafers. A boron silicate glass (BSG) silicon nitride (SiNz) stack at the rear side of the BiCoRE cells acts as protection layer against texturing and POCl3 diffusion, as boron dopant source during the POCl3 co‐diffusion as well as passivation layer. The rear contacts are formed by laser contact opening (LCO) and screen printing of an Al finger grid similar to the recently introduced PERC+ solar cells. The Al finger grid enables bifaciality and results in up to 8.5 μm deep aluminum back surface fields (Al‐BSFs) and up to 21.1% conversion efficiency obtained with n‐type reference solar cells. The multifunctional BSG/SiNz stack demonstrates up to 20.6% conversion efficiency with BiCoRE solar cells. When illuminated from the rear side, the BiCoRE cells exhibit conversion efficiencies up to 16.1% which corresponds to a bifaciality of 78%.
Peer‐to‐peer cooperation for GPS positioning
Authors: Morosi Simone , Martinelli Alessio , Del Re Enrico
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a peer‐to‐peer cooperative positioning technique together with its performance assessment. The cooperation between the two GPS receivers is realized by means of a wireless LAN connection and is significantly influenced by the accurateness of the synchronization between the two terminals. Both the outdoor‐to‐indoor and outdoor‐to‐outdoor scenarios are considered. For each scenario, we assess the satellite signal acquisition and its computational load and the performance in terms of position accuracy and time‐to‐first‐fix of the positioning procedure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure of nickel nanoparticles embedded in carbon films: case study on annealing effect by micromorphology analysis
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Bramowicz Miroslaw , Kulesza Slawomir , Shafiekhani Azizollah , Rahmati Maryam , Ghaderi Atefeh , Ahmadirad Mohammad , Solaymani Shahram
Published: July 2016

The presented study is aimed at analyzing the surface texture of amorphous hydrogenated carbon layers containing nickel nanoparticles (Ni‐NPs@a‐C:H) within their structure, which were deposited by Radio Frequency (RF) sputtering and RF‐Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RF‐PECVD) methods on glass substrates. Prepared films were then used as research material following their annealing at two different temperatures of 250 °C and 350 °C in an inert argon atmosphere. Series of height samples were taken with the help of atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating in a non‐contact mode and examined in order to determine their fractal characteristics. Raw AFM data were first plane‐fitted to remove the surface bow exhibiting the so‐called residual surface, and then numerically processed to calculate the Areal Autocorrelation Function (AACF), which was later used to compute the Structure Function (SF). The log–log plots of the latter served for calculation of fractal properties of surfaces under investigation, including fractal dimension D, and pseudo‐topothesy K. The analysis of 3‐D surface texture helps to understand their essential characteristics and their implications as well as graphical models and their implementation in computer simulation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating time to event characteristics via longitudinal threshold regression models ‐ an application to cervical dilation progression
Authors: Mulatya Caroline M. , McLain Alexander C. , Cai Bo , Hardin James W. , Albert Paul S.
Published: July 2016

In longitudinal studies, it is sometimes of interest to estimate the distribution of the time a longitudinal process takes to traverse from one threshold to another. For example, the distribution of the time it takes a woman's cervical dilation to progress from 3 to 4 cm can aid the decision‐making of obstetricians as to whether a stalled labor should be allowed to proceed or stopped in favor of other options. Often researchers treat this type of data structure as interval censored and employ traditional survival analysis methods. However, the traditional interval censoring approaches are inefficient in that they do not use all of the available data. In this paper, we propose utilizing a longitudinal threshold model to estimate the distribution of the elapsed time between two thresholds of the longitudinal process from repeated measurements. We extend this modeling framework to be used with multiple thresholds. A Wiener process under the first hitting time framework is used to represent survival distribution. We demonstrate our model through simulation studies and an analysis of data from the Consortium on Safe Labor study. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Methods to Characterize the Oligonucleotide Functionalization of Quantum Dots
Authors: Weichelt Richard , Leubner Susanne , Henning‐Knechtel Anja , Mertig Michael , Gaponik Nikolai , Schmidt Thorsten‐Lars , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: July 2016

Currently, DNA nanotechnology offers the most programmable, scalable, and accurate route for the self‐assembly of matter with nanometer precision into 1, 2, or 3D structures. One example is DNA origami that is well suited to serve as a molecularly defined “breadboard”, and thus, to organize various nanomaterials such as nanoparticles into hybrid systems. Since the controlled assembly of quantum dots (QDs) is of high interest in the field of photonics and other optoelectronic applications, a more detailed view on the functionalization of QDs with oligonucleotides shall be achieved. In this work, four different methods are presented to characterize the functionalization of thiol‐capped cadmium telluride QDs with oligonucleotides and for the precise quantification of the number of oligonucleotides bound to the QD surface. This study enables applications requiring the self‐assembly of semiconductor–oligonucleotide hybrid materials and proves the conjugation success in a simple and straightforward manner.
Concise Review: Salivary Gland Regeneration: Therapeutic Approaches from Stem Cells to Tissue Organoids
Authors: Lombaert Isabelle , Movahednia Mohammad M. , Adine Christabella , Ferreira Joao N.
Published: July 2016

The human salivary gland (SG) has an elegant architecture of epithelial acini, connecting ductal branching structures, vascular and neuronal networks that together function to produce and secrete saliva. This review focuses on the translation of cell- and tissue-based research toward therapies for patients suffering from SG hypofunction and related dry mouth syndrome (xerostomia), as a consequence of radiation therapy or systemic disease. We will broadly review the recent literature and discuss the clinical prospects of stem/progenitor cell and tissue-based therapies for SG repair and/or regeneration. Thus far, several strategies have been proposed for the purpose of restoring SG function: (1) transplanting autologous SG-derived epithelial stem/progenitor cells; (2) exploiting non-epithelial cells and/or their bioactive lysates; and (3) tissue engineering approaches using 3D (three-dimensional) biomaterials loaded with SG cells and/or bioactive cues to mimic in vivo SGs. We predict that further scientific improvement in each of these areas will translate to effective therapies toward the repair of damaged glands and the development of miniature SG organoids for the fundamental restoration of saliva secretion.
A nonlinear two‐cluster Gaussian mixture scenario model for wind power
Authors: Chen Shaonan , Chen Biyun , Wei Hua
Published: July 2016

To overcome the low precision and poor flexibility of the wind power scenario model, this paper proposes a nonlinear two‐cluster Gaussian mixture scenario model for wind power based on the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm according to Wasserstein optimal scenario theory. First, the EM algorithm is used to classify the wind speed data and establish the Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Second, the Wasserstein distance scenarios of two Gaussian distributions with different parameters are calculated based on wind speed data and nonlinear wind turbine power curve, respectively. Finally, a cross combination of the two scenarios is used to obtain the nonlinear two‐cluster mixture scenario model with a mixture Gaussian probability parameters. The obtained results show that the nonlinear two‐cluster Gaussian mixture scenario model is applicable not only to the regular wind speed probability distribution but also to that with irregular and two‐peak characteristics. Moreover, the generated energy deviation can be controlled within 2.5%. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A genetic algorithm approach to short‐term scheduling of crude oil operations in refinery
Authors: Hou Yan , Wu NaiQi , Li ZhiWu
Published: July 2016

As a type of process plant, a refinery is characterized by the interaction of discrete events and continuous processes. To schedule crude oil operations in a refinery, it is necessary to define and schedule the jobs simultaneously such that heuristics and meta‐heuristics cannot be directly applied. It is very challenging to schedule crude oil operations. To solve this problem, it is decomposed into two subproblems hierarchically. At the upper level, a refining schedule is found, while at the lower level a detailed schedule is obtained to realize the refining schedule. Given a refining schedule at the upper level, this paper studies the detailed scheduling problem at the lower level. Based on a control‐theoretic perspective, the problem is innovatively transformed to a problem of assigning charging tanks to distillers such that meta‐heuristic methods can be applied. Then, a genetic algorithm (GA) approach is developed to solve the problem. In realizing the proposed GA, based on a set of existence conditions of a feasible schedule, methods are presented to guarantee that each chromosome corresponds to a feasible schedule. An industrial case study is used to show the application of the proposed method. It shows that the method works well and is applicable to real‐life problems. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Joint data compression and MAC protocol design for smartgrids with renewable energy
Authors: Tan Le Thanh , Le Long Bao
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we consider the joint design of data compression and 802.15.4‐based medium access control (MAC) protocol for smartgrids with renewable energy. We study the setting where a number of nodes, each of which comprises electricity load and/or renewable sources, report periodically their injected powers to a data concentrator. Our design exploits the correlation of the reported data in both time and space to efficiently design the data compression using the compressed sensing technique and the MAC protocol so that the reported data can be recovered reliably within minimum reporting time. Specifically, we perform the following design tasks: (i) we employ the two‐dimensional (2D) compressed sensing technique to compress the reported data in the distributed manner; (ii) we propose to adapt the 802.15.4 MAC protocol frame structure to enable efficient data transmission and reliable data reconstruction; and (iii) we develop an analytical model based on which we can obtain efficient MAC parameter configuration to minimize the reporting delay. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework compared with existing solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Analysis of Two Energetic Salts Based on Nitro Phenolic Compounds with Diamino‐glyoxine
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Bin , Qin Jian , Yin Xin , Zhang Jian‐Guo
Published: July 2016

As a key research objective for environmentally friendly energetic materials, energetic salts without heavy metal have received wide attention. The energetic salts DAG·PA·H2O (1) and DAG·TNR·H2O (2) were synthesized by using diamino‐glyoxine (DAG) and picric acid (PA) or 2, 4,6‐trinitro‐resorcinol (TNR) as raw materials, and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Single crystals of the title salts were cultured and their structures were determined by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. Both salts belong to the triclinic space group P1 with density values of 1.764 and 1.751 g·cm–3, respectively. The thermal decomposition behaviors of both salts were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the non‐isothermal kinetic parameters and the critical temperature of thermal explosion were calculated. The heats of formation for the salts were also determined through the combustion heats date measured by using the oxygen bomb calorimetry. In addition, the detonation pressure (P) and detonation velocities (D) of the salts were predicted by using the K‐J equations, and their sensitivities towards impact and friction were tested. The results indicated that the title salts have potential applications in the field of energetic materials.
Geometry of Logarithmic Strain Measures in Solid Mechanics
Authors: Neff Patrizio , Eidel Bernhard , Martin Robert J.
Published: July 2016

We consider the two logarithmic strain measures$$\begin{array}{ll} {\omega_{\mathrm{iso}}} = ||{{\mathrm dev}_n {\mathrm log} U} || = ||{{\mathrm dev}_n {\mathrm log} \sqrt{F^TF}}|| \quad \text{ and } \quad \\ {\omega_{\mathrm{vol}}} = |{{\mathrm tr}({\mathrm log} U)} = |{{\mathrm tr}({\mathrm log}\sqrt{F^TF})}| = |{\mathrm log}({\mathrm det} U)|\,,\end{array}$$ωiso=||devnlogU||=||devnlogFTF||andωvol=|tr(logU)=|tr(logFTF)|=|log(detU)|,which are isotropic invariants of the Hencky strain tensor$${\log U}$$logU, and show that they can be uniquely characterized by purely geometric methods based on the geodesic distance on the general linear group$${{\rm GL}(n)}$$GL(n). Here,$${F}$$Fis the deformation gradient,$${U=\sqrt{F^TF}}$$U=FTFis the right Biot-stretch tensor,$${\log}$$logdenotes the principal matrix logarithm,$${\| \cdot \|}$$‖·‖is the Frobenius matrix norm,$${\rm tr}$$tris the trace operator and$${{\text dev}_n X = X- \frac{1}{n} \,{\text tr}(X)\cdot {\mathbb{1}}}$$devnX=X-1ntr(X)·1is the$${n}$$n-dimensional deviator of$${X\in{\mathbb {R}}^{n \times n}}$$X∈Rn×n. This characterization identifies the Hencky (or true) strain tensor as the natural nonlinear extension of the linear (infinitesimal) strain tensor$${\varepsilon={\text sym}\nabla u}$$ε=sym∇u, which is the symmetric part of the displacement gradient$${\nabla u}$$∇u, and reveals a close geometric relation between the classical quadratic isotropic energy potential$$\mu {\| {\text dev}_n {\text sym} \nabla u \|}^2 + \frac{\kappa}{2}{[{\text tr}({\text sym} \nabla u)]}^2 = \mu {\| {\text dev}_n \varepsilon \|}^2 + \frac{\kappa}{2} {[{\text tr} (\varepsilon)]}^2$$μ‖devnsym∇u‖2+κ2[tr(sym∇u)]2=μ‖devnε‖2+κ2[tr(ε)]2in linear elasticity and the geometrically nonlinear quadratic isotropic Hencky energy$$\mu {\| {\text dev}_n log U \|}^2 + \frac{\kappa}{2}{[{\text tr}(log U)]}^2 = \mu {\omega_{{\text iso}}^2} + \frac{\kappa}{2}{\omega_{{\text vol}}^2},$$μ‖devnlogU‖2+κ2[tr(logU)]2=μωiso2+κ2ωvol2,where$${\mu}$$μis the shear modulus and$${\kappa}$$κdenotes the bulk modulus. Our deduction involves a new fundamental logarithmic minimization property of the orthogonal polar factor$${R}$$R, where$${F=RU}$$F=RUis the polar decomposition of$${F}$$F. We also contrast our approach with prior attempts to establish the logarithmic Hencky strain tensor directly as the preferred strain tensor in nonlinear isotropic elasticity.
Clinical Results of Oxidized Zirconium Femoral Component in TKA. A Review of Long-Term Survival
Authors: Civinini Roberto , Matassi Fabrizio , Carulli Christian , Sirleo Luigi , Lepri Andrea Cozzi , Innocenti Massimo
Published: July 2016

Background

Oxidized zirconium (OxZr) femoral component for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been introduced in an attempt to reduce polyethylene wear and secondary osteolysis and improve longevity of implants.

Questions/Purposes

We reviewed clinical studies in literature evaluating OxZr femoral component for TKA. The aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical outcome and survival rate of TKA with an OxZr femoral component.

Methods

A review of the existing literature was undertaken to collect data on the OxZr femoral component in order to provide a better understanding of its performance. Of 34 studies published in the literature, 8 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis.

Results

Findings indicated that the mean Knee Society knee score improved in all series from preoperative to postoperative evaluation. The postoperative Knee Society knee score reported range from 84 to 95 and mean postoperative Knee Society functional score range from 74 to 90. The revision rate with this implant is low with up to 12.6 years of follow-up, with three revisions in total. The survival rate ranged from 100–98.7% at 5–7 years to 97.8% at 10 years.

Conclusions

Excellent clinical outcome and high survival rate has been demonstrated for OxZr femoral component in TKA. No adverse reaction has been described for this new material.
Orbital shadowing, internal chain transitivity and -limit sets
Authors: GOOD CHRIS , MEDDAUGH JONATHAN
Published: July 2016

Let $f:X\rightarrow X$ be a continuous map on a compact metric space, let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{f}$ be the collection of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}$-limit sets of $f$ and let $\mathit{ICT}(f)$ be the collection of closed internally chain transitive subsets. Provided that $f$ has shadowing, it is known that the closure of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{f}$ in the Hausdorff metric coincides with $\mathit{ICT}(f)$. In this paper, we prove that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{f}=\mathit{ICT}(f)$ if and only if $f$ satisfies Pilyugin’s notion of orbital limit shadowing. We also characterize those maps for which $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{f}}=\mathit{ICT}(f)$ in terms of a variation of orbital shadowing.