bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of multiple neural classifiers for heart beat recognition
Authors: Tran Hoai Linh , Osowski Stanislaw
Published: June 2005

Purpose

This paper presents new approach to the integration of neural classifiers. Typically only the best trained network is chosen, while the rest is discarded. However, combining the trained networks helps to integrate the knowledge acquired by the component classifiers and in this way improves the accuracy of the final classification. The aim of the research is to develop and compare the methods of combining neural classifiers of the heart beat recognition.

Design/methodology/approach

Two methods of integration of the results of individual classifiers are proposed. One is based on the statistical reliability of post‐processing performance on the trained data and the second uses the least mean square method in adjusting the weights of the weighted voting integrating network.

Findings

The experimental results of the recognition of six types of arrhythmias and normal sinus rhythm have shown that the performance of individual classifiers could be improved significantly by the integration proposed in this paper.

Practical implications

The presented application should be regarded as the first step in the direction of automatic recognition of the heart rhythms on the basis of the registered ECG waveforms.

Originality/value

The results mean that instead of designing one high performance classifier one can build a number of classifiers, each of not superb performance. The appropriate combination of them may produce a performance of much higher quality.
Who was von Foerster, anyway?
Authors: Cecchin Gianfranco , Barbetta Pietro , Toffanetti Dario
Published: June 2005

Purpose

What is therapy? Which would be today Heinz von Foerster's answer? The authors try to unveil the mystery of an answer coming from a conversation among them. They think that Heinz von Foerster, like Gregory Bateson, was one of the most influential philosopher of therapy. In the paper they analyse some very basic key words – like trivial machine, human becoming – and key concepts – like “broaden the field of possible” – in order to understand if there is an order or a purpose in doing therapy.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is a confrontation between epistemology and therapy. The trick is that, unlike von Foerster, the authors are therapists. So probably their conversation will not be reliable. But usually therapists, in doing therapy, do not look for reliability. They try to be accountable, which is a different issue.

Findings

Probably therapy is a language game. If yes, the language game of therapy is a trick without a trickster. A map in a stranger land. That can be considered the main finding which follows from von Foerster's thought.

Practical implications

Nevertheless, such a wrong map sometimes could help who is lost, provided that map and territory will never be the same thing.

Originality/value

The original value of the paper is, first of all that it can be considered the last essay written by Gianfranco Cecchin before his death. In the very last period of his life Cecchin was considering and sounding a new perspective for therapy. Pietro Barbetta and Dario Toffanetti were working with him in therapy and theoretically to find new frames for therapies in the post‐modern era.
I see that I see: a hero's impact on a family therapist
Authors: Thomas Frank N.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the influence of the late Heinz von Foerster in the life of an admirer and friend who remains a leader in the field of family therapy.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is autobiographical. The method is (loosely) process recall and personal theoretical reflection. Objectives are achieved by organizing major tenets of von Foerster's constructivism into personal categories of meaning.

Findings

Findings included a deep philosophical influence on the author's professional life; an abiding impact on his personal life; and a durability of von Foerster's ideas across disciplines, time, and the ever‐changing theories and politics of the mental health profession.

Originality/value

This paper adds value to the social sciences in general, and to the field of family therapy in particular, because it highlights the interconnectedness of person and profession and the confluence of the messenger/message. Some might say this is cybernetics in vivo. There may be little that is “new” in this paper in terms of theoretical constructs, but the autobiographical nature of the reflections may be its most valuable contribution to others struggling with such concepts.
Heinz von Foerster and my brief therapy work at the MRI
Authors: Anger‐Díaz Barbara
Published: June 2005

Purpose

An attempt was made to establish a link between brief therapy à la MRI and Heinz von Foerster's view of how we might conceive of and live in the world of our creation, at least in a social sense.

Design/methodology/approach

The author relates how her encounter with Heinz von Foerster coincided with and further developed a way of thinking about and doing therapy which she found at the Mental Research Institute (MRI) in Palo Alto, California. She tries to show how Heinz the person has had a lasting effect on the way she conceives of and tries to conduct Brief Therapy à la MRI.

Findings

She finds that using Heinz's metaphor of dancing with the world quite useful in the elucidation of what therapy might be all about: how it might, metaphorically speaking, simply be about engaging a client or clients by dancing with them, allowing for the mutual creation of a new possibility.

Originality/value

This paper was written to commemorate Heinz and for therapists in search of a therapeutic stance.
When the diagnosis “invents” the illness
Authors: Nardone Giorgio , Claudette Portelli and
Published: June 2005

Purpose

This paper develops from the constructivistic premise that our reality is a computation rather than a representation. Provides a constructive critique on the rigid psychopathological classifications used in mental health that end up creating a conditioned self‐confirming reality.

Design/methodology/approach

Proposes to present an approach, which moves away from the traditional rigid categorizing definitions of mental disorders, to a constructivist perspective that considers human problems as dysfunctional systems of perception and reaction to reality.

Findings

Provides literature that demonstrates how humans use interpretative tools to give order and definition to the world around them, but most often, end up forgetting that all their classifications, theories, tests and so forth, are mere human inventions. Presents various distinctive scientific research which evidence how those who are invested with the power of diagnosing mental sanity or insanity, are often trapped in their own theories and resulting diagnostic practice.

Originality/value

This paper puts forward the need in replacing a rigid deterministic model by an elastic and self‐corrective constructive‐strategic model of knowledge and intervention that guarantees the real efficacy and effectiveness of therapy.
Confessions of a cybernetic epistemologist
Authors: Keeney Bradford P.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To determine the influence of cybernetics and systemic thinking on psychotherapy from a personal viewpoint.

Design/methodology/approach

Describes the author's own development.

Findings

Shows the major influence that cybernetics and systemic thinking had on psychotherapy. Beginning with the concept of simple feedback he spins the thread of circular understanding to the contributions of Heinz von Foerster and others, finally arriving at shamanistic and indigenous rites, becoming ever more a topic in the research of communication and healing.

Originality/value

Provides a personal viewpoint of the contribution of the work of Heinz von Foerster.
The challenge of “And” – tolerating the undecidable
Authors: Hoffmann Ilka R.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

This paper has the purpose of discussing the phenomenon of two competing positions, which appear in philosophy and psychology in a similar way, and the emerging possibilities when both are seen as complementary.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is to first point out the difficulty, which arises when both positions perceive each other as mutually exclusive and yet claim to fully describe reality. Then Ludwig Wittgenstein's attempt to end the conflict by drawing a line between what can be expressed in language and what is inexpressible is introduced. Finally it is shown how Heinz von Foerster tried to dissolve the argument between both positions by introducing the concept of “in principle undecidable questions”. From here the position of “and” is developed. The implications of this position as a possible way of ending (i.e. “and”‐ing) the argument are explored and then related to psychotherapy.

Findings

The findings show how the position of “and” increases possibilities in psychotherapy and poses new challenges at the same time.

Originality/value

The position of “and” with its consequences is a new perspective in psychotherapy which can be useful to practitioners and researchers as well.
The responsibility of the social worker: ethical implications of theory and practice
Authors: Kersting Heinz J.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To focus on the topic of ethics and responsibility, specifically on the ethical action of the social worker.

Design/methodology/approach

Considers that while ethical questions are discussed in social discourse everywhere, social work in Germany seems to avoid a reformulation of deeply ethical premises. This is perhaps so, because ethics already are implicit in the actions of social work.

Findings

The author believes that the implicit dealing with ethics on the part of the social worker is similar to the “implicit ethics” of Heinz von Foester, which “cannot be articulated”, but are immanent in every action.

Originality/value

A consideration of the ethical responsibilities of the social worker.
Second‐order cybernetics! In systemic management thinking?
Authors: Winter Wolfgang , Thurm Manuela
Published: June 2005

Purpose

The following contribution tries to answer the question of whether the management theory's interpretation of cybernetics has something to do with second‐order cybernetics, or in other words: what the impact of von Foerster's ideas so far on the German speaking management theory is.

Design/methodology/approach

Different methodological programs in business administration and management theory will be summarized to become aware of the fundamental difference between Foerster's ideas and their interpretation through the systemic approach in management theory.

Findings

In the beginning of the 1970s and all through the 1980s systemic thinking became what some management thinkers wanted to be called a “new paradigm” that ever since has attracted numerous researchers and practitioners, especially in the German speaking regions. So it seemed only natural that, together with systems theory, cybernetics, too, was introduced to the management discipline. Can you seriously have cybernetics without second‐order cybernetics? Of course you can. The question here is: how far did German speaking systemic management thinking dare to go in incorporating cybernetics into the theory of management of social systems?

Originality/value

We will clearly see what Heinz von Foerster was pointing at when he talked about management being an autological concept where the manager has to take his being part of the system seriously. When making obvious different conceptual versions of cybernetics and demonstrating their corresponding attempts in transferring cybernetic thinking into the domain of social systems we might get an insight into new directions for researchers in management.
Observing observers. Von Foerster, Luhmann, and management thinking
Authors: Paul Beyes Timon
Published: June 2005

Purpose

The paper discusses possible implications of Heinz von Foerster's notion of second‐order cybernetics for management thinking. The purpose of this paper is to outline challenges of as well as prospective further developments for management theory that emanate from second‐order cybernetics.

Design/methodology/approach

As a conceptual paper, the paper tries to develop its findings through theoretically applying von Foerster's insights to management thinking's conventional assumptions. When looking for applications of von Foerster's approach within the social sciences, at least in german‐speaking countries one sooner or later comes across Niklas Luhmann's system sociology. Hence, Luhmann's version of the theory of the observer is introduced and its take on organization and management is briefly outlined. Drawing upon von Foerster's and Luhmann's reflections, possible implications for management thinking are presented – ideas that might be disagreeable for “classical” management science but might set out a path for further developments of management thinking.

Findings

What difference might second‐order cybernetics (and autopoietic systems sociology) make for management thinking? As a conclusion, deliberately poignant statements are formulated, calling for a higher degree of self‐reflection, for critical readings of conventional texts, for more complex descriptions of organizations and for a more modest, low‐key take on management theory's endeavours.

Originality/value

Whereas first‐order cybernetics has been fairly well‐received in management theory, second‐order cybernetics, which poses troubling questions to conventional epistemologies, remained relatively unpopular. Acts of “observing observers” reclaim these questions, possibly leading to valuable insights for researchers and reflected practitioners alike.
Teaching and testing the understanding of literature
Authors: Renk Herta‐Elisabeth
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To apply Heinz von Foerster's ideas on learning and testing to the teaching of literature in German higher education.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a lengthy interview and on his published talks von Foerster's ideas are applied to the teaching of literature in German higher education.

Findings

The distinction between decidable and undecidable questions, the reflection of knowledge on a meta‐level, student responsibility for defining their areas of study and research, as well as their needs for factual information, the assessment of work by self‐assessment, reciprocal assessment or the presentation of work in performance or publication are analysed as instruments of an education that is informed by Heinz von Foerster's spirit: respect for the individual, curiosity and a permanent reflection of the contents and forms of teaching and learning, “from a higher point of view”.

Originality/value

Provides an assessment of how von Foerster's ideas would change the teaching and testing of German literature.
Heinz von Foerster in the art department. A collide‐oscope in four parts
Authors: Bexte Peter
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To provide illumination of how systems tend to produce an output nobody expected. It is in these moments that observers may learn something about their own expectations.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper discusses two cases in the history of art: faked Vermeer paintings and a test Heinz von Foerster did in the art department at the University of Illinois.

Findings

McLuhan's notion “collide‐oscope” is applied to the way Heinz von Foerster (ab)uses images in his own texts; furthermore it is applied to the way the Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) was organized. The formal structure of the “collide‐oscope” offers a model of perception.

Originality/value

Provides a discussion of a fundamental message of cybernetics – that we cannot escape collisions and disturbances. They are its essence.
Feedback and music: you provide the noise, the order comes by itself
Authors: Aufermann Knut
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To provide an insight into the work of sound artists who use feedback to create music based on Heinz von Foerster's “order from noise” principle.

Design/methodology/approach

Selected examples of current and past working methods are given to demonstrate the research value of the artistic use of feedback music. It is attempted to find analogies between multi‐disciplinary uses of feedback by using the language of cybernetics to describe artistic practice. The text is augmented by graphic representations of audible feedback.

Findings

Audible feedback is suggested as a prime example to study the behaviour of circular systems. Feedback music is established as valid artistic practice. A set of questions is devised to push forward a pan‐disciplinary discussion about feedback mechanisms.

Research limitations/implications

Very little research has been done on the subject, thereby the paper concentrates on subjective interpretations by the author.

Practical implications

Can only be considered a starting point for further research.

Originality/value

This paper is written for the curious reader who wants to discover the feedback strand of experimental music. It serves as another example for Heinz von Foersters boundary defying influence.
Trivial and non‐trivial machines in the animal and in man
Authors: Ivanovas Georg
Published: June 2005

Purpose

It was the aim to apply basic epistemological concepts, as presented by Heinz von Foerster, to current problems of medicine and biology.

Design/methodology/approach

The relation of genes and human behaviour is an important issue in current medical discourse. Many states and diseases are claimed to be caused by a genetical disposition. To prove the soundness of such claims, a strict methodology has to be applied.

Findings

The usual approach of combining genetical findings with observed behaviour is based on an insufficient epistemology. The neglect of recursive processes leads to misinterpretations that have far‐reaching consequences, especially if disease and therapy are concerned.

Research limitations/implications

A precise analysis of recursive traits would allow more reliable models of the relation between genetical disposition and environmental influence.

Originality/value

The paper reflects trivial or non‐trivial relations in social behaviour that are often neglected.
Recursion, reiterations and remarkableness
Authors: Zimpel André Frank
Published: June 2005

Purpose

A deeper understanding of cognitive development in the situation of a neither‐nor‐dilemma is the purpose of this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is an evaluation of experimental studies of Montessori, Lewin, Piaget and my own studies of mental development under conditions of neurological and psychological syndromes with the help of von Foerster's mathematical models. Von Foerster suggested the use of specialized knowledge of mathematics and natural sciences – but without their methods of reduction – to solve the hard problems in humanities. One of the hardest problems in humanities is the question: How does a new pattern arise in the mind of an observer? Piaget theoretically influenced von Foerster and agreed with von Foerster's order‐from‐noise model as a principle of explanation for the equilibrium of cognitive structures.

Findings

The finding is an improved game‐theoretical simulation of Piaget's equilibrium theory: a remarkableness matrix. This matrix shows the way, in which a new cognitive pattern – or in other words: a new worldview – can arise by the reiteration of always the same experience.

Research limitations/implications

The research implication is a new way of mathematical description of this process.

Practical implications

The practical implications are improvements of educational settings and a basic research for a diagnostic manual for Eigen‐behaviors.

Originality/value

The newness of this paper is the connection of von Foerster's deductive simulation of Eigen‐behavior with Piaget's inductive probability model. The results may be helpful for educators, therapists, psychologists and other researchers in the field of cognitive sciences.
The human face of cybernetics: Heinz von Foerster and the history of a movement that failed…
Authors: Krieg Peter
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To discuss the concept of cybernetics, and to point out its complexities.

Design/methodology/approach

Cybernetics can be seen as a scientific concept of harnessing complexity as a feedback phenomenon and a project aimed at establishing a new control science and adaptive technology based on the formalization of complexity. Today, we still do not have adaptive or complex computers.

Findings

Cybernetics has failed both as a concept and a project, and is becoming a case for historians. But before it is classified as just a short scientific episode between the atomic bomb and cyberwar, a closer look will show that it was not only a military sponsored project driven by the cold war of the 1950s but also a rebellious movement inspired by the visions of the 1960s. Heinz von Foerster more than anyone else represented this human face of cybernetics.

Originality/value

Considers some of the thought‐provoking ideas of Heinz von Foerster in the history of cybernetics.
Forget the observer: the presence, the paradox and self‐reference
Authors: Pawlik Lucas
Published: June 2005

Purpose

The purpose is to offer a systemic perspective how our (understanding of) logic, language, and the world could be altered to create a new kind of science and communication.

Design/methodology/approach

The whole experiment is composed as a self‐referential pattern consisting of a series of language experiments and games similar to those to be found in Ludwig Wittgenstein's “Philosophical Investigations”, in Taoist epistemology like in the writings of Lao‐tzu or Chuang‐tzu, or in medieval theology such as in “The Cloud of Unknowing”.

Findings

Following the presented thought patterns, it can be shown that we are able to become aware of the ways in which the observer comes (we ourselves come) into being through language. The language experiments illustrate the ways in which our use of language defines our world and our perception of it.

Research limitations/implications

The perspective itself can only be attained if one disregards conventional methods of reasoning such as disciplinary thinking. The language experiments offer a brief introduction to the way of thinking and perceiving they represent. In order to create a lasting effect on the mind, one either has to reread the experiment numerous times or develop similar patterns of thinking.

Originality/value

The paper presents a new methodological approach to how we can think and act as its contents include the most fundamental matters of human nature such as time, space, identity, action, and non‐action.
Introduction: continuing the magic
Authors: Broecker Monika
Published: June 2005

Purpose

Presents an “in memoriam” tribute to Heinz von Foerster.

Design/methodology/approach

Outlines his work.

Findings

Introduces his inspiring contributions in the applied sciences and to the more general researches on the theoretical and practical implications of the cybernetic epistemology.

Originality/value

Gives insights to the importance of the work of von Foerster.
Preparation and characterisation of zinc yellow pigment for low temperature ceramic glaze – Part II: the effects of reaction temperature and thermal treatment
Authors: Aghababzadeh R. , Mirhabibi A.R. , Bastami H. , Taheri‐Nassaj E.T. , Lin L.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To investigate the effects of the temperature of synthesis and of the thermal treatment of zinc chromate on the properties of the zinc chromate pigments.

Design/methodology/approach

Zinc chromate pigments was prepared using zinc salt solution, sodium hydroxide and potassium dichromate solutions. The reaction temperature was varied in order to evaluate the effect of the reaction temperature on the properties of the pigment synthesised. The pigment obtained was heated to 10°C above the critical temperature in order to investigate the effect of thermal treatment on the pigment properties. SEM, XRD, XFR and STA were employed for the characterisation of the pigments synthesised.

Findings

Reaction temperature had a significant effect on the properties of the resulting pigment. Thermal treatment of the pigment caused the decomposition of the zinc chromate phase to ZnO, ZnCr2O4 and K2CrO4 phases. The glaze containing zinc chromate had satisfactory colour characteristics.

Research limitations/implications

The study focused on the preparation and evaluation of zinc chromate as a substitute for praseodymium zircon in glaze. The study could be extended to investigation of similar inorganic pigment for similar purposes.

Practical implications

The information on the effects of the reaction temperature of pigment synthesis and of thermal treatment of the pigment is useful for industrial production of the pigment of satisfactory properties.

Originality/value

Novel use of zinc chromate as a lower‐cost substitute for praseodymium zircon in glaze and understanding of the effects of the production conditions on the properties of the resulting pigment and the glaze.
Application of complex esters in poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols and plasticats
Authors: Pavlov D.J. , Gospodinova N.N. , Glavchev I.K. , Dishovsky N.T.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To evaluate the efficiency of complex esters as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride plastisols and plasticates.

Design/methodology/approach

Several poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols and plasticates were prepared with standard phthalate plasticizers and complex esters and were characterised using standard and laboratory methods.

Findings

The use of mixtures of three new CE with standard phthalate plasticizers increased the physical, mechanical and electric characteristics of the resulting PVCPs and PVCPl.

Research limitations/implications

The use of three new CE, obtained by esterification of dicarboxylic acids (adipic, sebacic, pelargonic), poly(ethylene glycol) and i‐octanole, as plasticizers of poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols and plasticates was investigated. The use of CE based on other organic acids could be explored.

Practical implications

The results confirmed the efficiency of plasticization of PVC by CE. Such a finding has significant industrial implication.

Originality/value

Several findings are original and are of importance to relevant industry. The new CE with high molecular weights were effective plasticizers of PVC. The efficiency of the plasticizers depended on their chemical structure. The molecular weight of the CE had no influence on the compatibility of plasticizers and other components of the PVC plastisols and plasticates.
Characteristics of the international joint ventures in Bulgaria (1989‐2003)
Authors: Marangozov Iavor
Published: June 2005

Purpose

In response to the need of new knowledge about the international joint venture (IJV), the purpose of this study presents an analysis of the basic characteristics of these IJVs and their variation of characteristics depending on the nationality of the foreign partners, coming from three regions: Triad countries (USA, Western Europe and Japan); non‐Triad countries; and a mixed region, encompassing combinations of partners from the above two regions.

Design/methodology/approach

The advantage of the study is the use of official data from the database, established in cooperation between the author and the National Statistical Institute, on the entire non‐homogeneous population of 722 IJVs in the 1989‐2003 period.

Findings

The generalized results of the study confirm the existence of common trends and trends diverging from those registered in previous studies both on the conventional IJV, set up by foreign and local partners, and on the non‐conventional IJV, formed by foreign partners alone.

Research limitations/implications

Notwithstanding the generalized results obtained, owing to the coverage of the entire population of IJVs, future studies regarding their characteristics in Bulgaria should have not only structural, but also motivational and outcome variables superimposed.

Practical implications

The research can serve for international comparative studies and for the elaboration of national and European Union policies regarding the creation of official databases on the IJVs.

Originality/value

With the presentation of new knowledge both on the conventional and on the non‐conventional IJVs, the present study extends and supplements the theme regarding the characteristics of the IJVs.
Loyalty transfer from offline to online stores in the UK grocery industry
Authors: Rafiq Mohammed , Fulford Heather
Published: June 2005

Purpose

Aims to examine the effectiveness of UK supermarkets in transferring store loyalty to online loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey of university staff is used to test both the brand equity proposition that loyal customers are more likely to adopt brand extensions, and the double jeopardy model's prediction that market leaders benefit disproportionately from loyalty transference.

Findings

The study provides support for the brand equity and double jeopardy propositions. Tesco's and Sainsbury's dominance of both the online and offline markets, coupled with their retention indices of 92 per cent (Tesco) and 76 per cent (Sainsbury's), support the brand equity view. Tesco also attracts a disproportionately higher percentage of its customers from competitors (67 per cent) compared with Sainsbury's (14 per cent), suggesting that it is benefiting from its market leadership position, as predicted by the double jeopardy model.

Research limitations/implications

The relatively small size and restricted nature of the sample means that the exploratory findings now need to be investigated more rigorously. A larger sample would permit a more detailed exploration of the relationships between the different aspects of online loyalty.

Practical implications

The research suggests that smaller retail brands have two main options, namely growing the size of the brand or building a niche brand. For a market leader the challenge is to become a “super‐loyalty brand”. That is, to achieve levels of loyalty higher than predicted by the double jeopardy effect, either through segmentation or through better service provision than that of competitors.

Originality/value

This is the first study to examine transferability of store loyalty to online loyalty and demonstrate the usefulness of the brand equity and double jeopardy models for understanding and predicting loyalty transfer behaviour.
The role of resource commitment and innovation in reverse logistics performance
Authors: Glenn Richey R. , Genchev Stefan E. , Daugherty Patricia J.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

Aims to provide empirical evidence of the relationships between and among reverse logistics, resource commitment, and innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

Mail surveys were sent to members of the Automobile Aftermarket Industry Association, a large trade association. Factor level results followed by between‐item results, as typically reported in general linear modeling and mediated regression, are developed using a split sample methodology. Ultimately, Resource‐Advantage Theory provided the framework for examining the impact of developing innovative reverse logistics‐related dynamic capabilities.

Findings

Resource commitment makes reverse logistics programs more efficient and more effective. However, the resources must be used in such a manner as to develop innovative capabilities/approaches to handling returns. Resource commitment was not found to be significantly related to innovation in reverse logistics at smaller firms. This is likely to be related to the level of resources available. Larger firms can commit greater resources and, thus, enjoy superior performance compared with smaller firms in the survey group.

Research limitations/implications

The focus is somewhat narrow. New research should extend beyond the one industry examined. Future research should also expand to include more members of the supply chain and employ methods that allow examination of network relationships.

Practical implications

Reverse logistics deserves special attention in terms of resource commitment. Resources related to labor, i.e. allocating sufficient personnel to reverse logistics programs, are especially critical. Innovation in reverse logistics programs was found to be related to operational service quality at both small and large firms.

Originality/value

The research provides empirical evidence of the relationships between resource commitment and innovation – and how reverse logistics program performance is influenced. This has important implications with respect to customer relations. It can also be used to provide rationale for securing adequate resource commitment for reverse logistics programs.
Heat transfer characteristics of a rectangular natural circulation loop containing solid‐liquid phase‐change material suspensions
Authors: Ho C.J. , Chiu S.Y. , Lin J.F.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To examine the heat transfer characteristics of soild‐liquid phase change material (PCM) suspensions in a rectangular natural circulation loop.

Design/methodology/approach

A continuum mixture flow model is used for the buoyancy‐driven circulation flow of the PCM suspensions together with an approximate enthalpy model to describe the solid‐liquid phase change (melting/freezing) process of the PC particles in the loop. Numerical simulations via a finite difference method have been conducted for the pertinent physical parameters of a loop with fixed geometrical configuration in the following ranges: the modified Rayleigh number Ra*=109‐1013, the modified Stefan number Ste*=0.05‐0.5, the particle volumetric fraction Cv=0‐20 percent and the modified subcooling factor Sb*=0‐2.0.

Findings

The melting/freezing processes of the PCM particles at the heated/cooled sections of the loop are closely interrelated in their inlet conditions of the suspension. The influences of the modified Rayleigh number, the particle fraction, the modified Stefan number, and the modified subcooling factor on the heat transfer behavior, as well as the thermal efficacy of the PCM suspensions are elucidated. There could be a flow regime in the parametirc domain where heat transfer performance of the suspension circulation loop is significantly enhanced, due to contribution of the latent heat transport associated with melting/freezing of PCM particles.

Research limitations/implications

Future work to address effects of the geometric parameters such as the aspect ratio; the lengths and locations of, as well as the relative height between the heated and cooled sections is definitely needed, which are necessary steps towards developing more reliable predictive tools for system design of a circulation loop containing PCM suspension.

Originality/value

This work has explored the feasibility and quantified the efficacy of incorporating the PC suspensions as the heat transfer enhancement medium in a natural circulation loop, which has not been examined previously.
Conjugate turbulent forced convection in a channel with an array of ribs
Authors: Hsieh K.J. , Lien F.S.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

Performance of various k‐ε models on turbulent forced convection in a channel with periodic ribs is assessed.

Design/methodology/approach

The influence of the Yap correction and the non‐linear stress‐strain relation on the predictions of mean‐flow, turbulence quantities and local heat transfer rate is examined. The effect of thermal boundary conditions on the heat transfer predictions is investigated by employing both the prescribed heat flux approach and the conjugate heat transfer approach.

Findings

It was found that the inclusion of the Yap correction in the ε‐equation significantly improves the predictions of mean velocity and wall heat transfer for both high‐Reynolds number and low‐Reynolds number k‐ε models in the present ribbed channel flow with massive flow separation. The employment of the non‐linear stress‐strain relation only marginally improves the predictions of turbulence quantities: the turbulence anisotropy is reproduced although the level of turbulence intensity is still too low. In general, the conjugate heat transfer approach predicts better average Nusselt number than the prescribed heat flux approach. However, both approaches under‐predict the experimental value by about 28‐33 percent when the low‐Reynolds number k‐ε model of Lien and Leschziner (1999) with the Yap term is adopted.

Originality/value

Thorough numerical treatments of the thermal boundary conditions at the solid‐liquid interface, and detailed periodic condition in the periodic regime, were given in the paper to benefit researchers interested in solving similar problems.
Heat transfer analysis of EDM process on silicon carbide
Authors: Mahdavinejad RamezanAli , Tolouei‐Rad Majid , Sharifi‐Bidgoli Hassan
Published: June 2005

Purpose

The purpose of the research is to analyze instability in ED machining of silicon carbide (SiC) due to heat generation in the workpiece body. The results can be used in selecting a convenient machining set up.

Design/methodology/approach

Various researches (1978‐2002) have shown the importance of SiC industrial applications in many branches of technology. Instability process in EDM as a very good candidate for SiC machining is still a serious problem. Joule heating generation in SiC body due to its very high electrical resistivity is a very important point, which needs to be considered. From this point of view, the machining set up can be optimized.

Findings

The results of this research provide consideration of some factors to prevent against heat loss and voltage drop in SiC body during ED machining process. This leads the process to be more stable.

Originality/value

According to the results of this research, Joule heating due to the voltage drop in SiC body is a main factor in ED machining of this material. Therefore, some techniques as voltage injection are recommended.
Perceptions of and about women as managers: investigating job involvement, self‐esteem and attitudes
Authors: Cortis Rachelle , Cassar Vincent
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To investigate specific barriers that might be hindering Maltese women from achieving a managerial position.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on research by Cromie. Barriers are classified into two main categories; internal and external barriers. Job‐involvement and work‐based self‐esteem are considered to be internal barriers, whereas attitudes towards women in management are considered to be external barriers. The total population was 200, consisting of male and female middle managers, female and male employees and B. Commerce students.

Findings

Results indicate no differences between job involvement and work‐based self‐esteem of male and female managers. On the other hand, both male employees and students seem to hold more stereotypical attitudes towards women in management than their female counterparts.

Research limitations/implications

One of the basic limitations of this study was the sample size since small samples make it difficult to generalize. Further research may focus on two main areas. First, it would be useful to have qualitative research on the work experiences of female managers to further investigate the various factors that have helped and hindered women thorough their career advancement. Secondly, research on corporate climate can be helpful in identifying organizational practices that might be blocking female career prospects. Finally, a study considering how attitudes can be reshaped through the educational system and through the use of the media can also help to reduce gender stereotypes.

Practical implications

This study indicates that women often have to face several attitudinal barriers, which in turn may explain the lack of female participation in managerial occupations. A change in organizational policies can help women to overcome these barriers.

Originality/value

This paper confirms that, as in several countries, Maltese women are facing several barriers, which are hindering their career prospects. It also highlights the important role of organizations in reducing workplace barriers.
Backing into change
Authors: Abeles Tom P.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

This paper aims to alert readers to issues that may be overlooked in assessing fundamental changes in the post‐secondary arena.

Design/methodology/approach

Posits that the internet changes the nature of the university as fundamentally as one saw when the Bible was published on the movable type press.

Findings

Open access courses and journals put knowledge into the Socratic Agora, changing the roles of faculty as both educators and researchers. Since knowledge is available with the click of a mouse, the linear Kindergarten to Bachelor's curriculum has been deconstructed and integrated with work and play since age is not a barrier to access. Also, few may opt for a hand‐crafted, packaged, on‐campus experience. As the current faculty, cyber immigrants, retires, the emerging cyber natives will form self‐organizing communities of interest/practice and the function of the university must be reinvented.

Originality/value

The paper is of value to administrators, policy analysts, researchers in the arena of education, funding agencies, foundations and politicians involved with educational change.
Institutional change in government: puzzles and paradoxes
Authors: Cleveland Harlan
Published: June 2005

Purpose

Seeks to outline the impact of the information society on the institutional changes taking place in the public sector.

Design/methodology/approach

A veteran of government outlines the impact of the information society on the institutional changes taking place in the public sector. Drawing on his extensive experience and the literature, he provides creative insights into the themes of this special issue.

Findings

E‐government may prove useful in managing routine tasks, he agrees, but the highly complex, interpersonal nature of government places severe limits on the extent to which public work can be automated. With government outsourcing much of its work to private firms, and corporations required to serve the public interest, there is also a marked overlap of the public versus private domains. The old hierarchies of the past are being fragmented by information systems and the need to involve people in managing complexity, leading to “uncentralized” systems in which initiative and creativity must be exercised at all levels. And the mismatch between geographic boundaries and the criss‐crossing nature of real problems creates confusion over how governments should be organized.

Originality/value

All of these trends, the author notes, pose paradoxes that mark the distinctive features of government today.
Institutional change in health care: opportunities in the coming crisis
Authors: Peck Jonathan C.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

Aims to review institutional change in health care and to look for opportunities in what the author sees as a coming crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

A consultant on health‐care systems reviews the forces driving transformation in medicine, including new technologies, telemedicine, and prevention.

Findings

Finds forces driving transformation in medicine limited in addressing the crisis of spiraling cost and mediocre, overly complex treatment.

Originality/value

Concludes that a dramatic shift in perspective is coming as baby boomers are forced to face the inevitability of death in positive terms.
Inside institutional change
Authors: White William H.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To describe examples of institutional change to help others appreciate the difficult but crucial nature of this process.

Design/methodology/approach

A seasoned consultant describes, using frank, first‐hand account, examples of institutional change.

Findings

Shows how institutional change is often forced on organizations by shifting external forces that render old niches obsolete. Also shows the difficulty in mobilizing to confront the need for serious change, and how leadership transitions are often a central part of the change process.

Originality/value

The author points to three main lessons from this case study. Institutional change may be arduous, but it can also leave people feeling amazed at how long they tolerated the old system. The author also notes that institutional change is a natural process, proceeding with a life all its own. The author concludes with some thoughts on how to initiate this process when an organization appears ready.
Effects of evaluative criteria on fashion brand extension
Authors: Forney Judith C. , Joo Park Eun , Brandon Lynn
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To identify dimensions of evaluative criteria used when purchasing casual apparel and casual home furnishings and to determine which evaluative criteria served as predictors of brand extension purchase behavior of these products.

Design/methodology/approach

A mailed self‐administered survey sent to a randomized sample of 739 female consumers residing in three metropolitan areas in a southwest state in the USA resulted in a response rate of 32.7 percent. Purchase frequency of 15 brands that extended across apparel and home furnishings and the importance of 17 evaluative criteria were measured using 7‐point Likert‐type scales. Principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation and path analysis using LISREL 8 were performed.

Findings

Image, quality, color/style, and design/beauty of fashion products are important criteria when purchasing extended brands of casual apparel and home furnishings. Image of fashion products was the strongest predictor when brands were extended from apparel to home furnishings products.

Research limitations/implications

This study was limited to female consumers living in urban areas in one state in the USA and to casual apparel and home furnishings fashion product categories.

Practical implications

Suggests retailers focus on brand or store image when extending brand from apparel to home furnishings and merchandise multiple product categories to increase sales across product categories.

Originality/value

Little research on brand extension of fashion products exists yet this is a growing strategic area of fashion product development and merchandising. This study addresses the need to examine consumer behavior associated with fashion brand extension.
The influence of Chinese dress on Western fashion
Authors: Delong Marilyn , Wu Juanjuan , Bao Mingxin
Published: June 2005

Purpose

The objective was to provide research‐based insights from two groups of respondents as to their perceptions, preferences and desire to purchase Chinese – influenced Western dress.

Design/methodology/approach

Ten images of models in designer clothing were selected that varied in degree of Chinese influence. College students from a US and a Chinese university, numbering 55 and 56 respectively, were asked to respond by ranking each image to discern their perceptions of ethnic influence and their preferences for and desire to purchase each of the ten images. Responses were compared and analyzed.

Findings

A conclusion based upon analysis of responses was that degree of Chinese influence was less critical than the aesthetic character of the form itself. Some disagreement occurred in respondent's highest ranked preferences. Regarding preference and desire to purchase, US respondents ranked them similarly, while Chinese students ranked them differently.

Research limitations/implications

The sample was confined to College students with similar majors in the two countries. Limiting the sample in this way offered control in age and interest, but also limited application of results.

Practical implications

This study addressed the perceptions, preferences and purchasing desires for dress with Chinese influence in a cross cultural perspective. Respondents in this study preferred effective design of the whole image and not simply a borrowing of disparate ethnic attributes.

Originality/value

Results provide a managerial guide for ethnic fashion marketers.