ANATOMICAL MODELING THE SMALL BONES OF THE FACIAL DIVISION OF SKULL IN FETUSES AND NEWBORNS
Authors: Slobodian Oleksandr , Dundiuk-Berezina Soﬁa 
Published: March 2023

Modern craniology solves not only topical issues of anthropology, studying the regularities of the human skull structure and revealing the morpho- functional features of its various forms, but also develops applied anatomical and clinical tasks. The analysis of modern scientiﬁ c literature allows us to come to the conclusion that, despite a number of scientiﬁ c studies in human anatomy, the morphogenesis of small bones of the facial skull remains an actual direction for further scientiﬁ c research. Purpose: to develop anatomical models of morphometric parameters of the zygomatic and nasal bones in fetuses and newborns. The study was conducted on 57 preparations of 4-10 months human fetuses and 7 newborns (in particular, 5 isolated organocomplexes). The following morphometric parameters were used to create mathematical models: the height and width of the zygomatic and nasal bones. The height of the zygomatic bone was determined from the top of its frontal process to the middle of the lower edge of the body of the zygomatic bone, the width – along a horizontal line drawn through the body of the zygomatic bone from the middle of the zygomatic- maxillary seam and the middle of the zygomatic- temporal seam. The height of the nasal bone is along the line drawn through the middle of the upper and lower edges of the bone, the width is along the line drawn through the middle of its medial and lateral edges. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the licensed program RStudio. It was established that during the fetal and early neonatal periods of ontogenesis, the morphometric parameters (height and width) of the zygomatic and nasal bones increase gradually. However, these parameters are characterized by periods of greatest increase, the intervals this period are: from the 5th to 6th month of development and is characteristic for the height of the zygomatic bone; from the 6th to 7th month of development – for its width; from the 6th to 7th months of development and from the 10th month of development to the newborn period – for the height of the nasal bone, while from the 7th to 8th month of development – for its width, Only the period from the 6th to 7th month of development is a period of relative increase, which is characteristic of the width of the nasal bone, its dimensions almost do not change during this period of development. Anatomical models for predicting the normative dimensions of the zygomatic and nasal bones in fetuses and newborns using the age of the fetus and its parietal- calcaneal length have next form: the height of the zygomatic bone = β0 + 0.013 x parietal-calcaneal length of the fetus, where β0: 5.858, if the age period = 4 months; 6.255 = 5 months; 8.552 = 6 months; 8.807 = 7 months; 9.763 = 8 months; 10.536 = 9 months; 11.302 = 10 months; 12.709 = newborns; the width of the zygomatic bone = β0 + 0.010 x parietal- calcaneal length of the fetus, where β0: 9.016, if the age period = 4 months; 10.256 = 5 months; 10.576 = 6 months; 13.356 = 7 months; 13.860 = 8 months; 14.001 = 9 months; 13.213 = 10 months; 13.895 = newborns; the height of the nasal bone = β0 + 0.010 x parietal- calcaneal length of the fetus, where β0: 3.231, if the age period = 4 months; 3.053 = 5 months; 2.724 = 6 months; 3.106 = 7 months; 3.015 = 8 months; 2.872 = 9 months; 3.090 = 10 months; 3.794 = newborns; the width of the nasal bone = β0 + 0.005 x parietal- calcaneal length of the fetus, where β0: 2.155, if the age period = 4 months; 2.250 = 5 months; 2.524 = 6 months; 2.195 = 7 months; 2.740 = 8 months; 2.789 = 9 months; 2.641 = 10 months; 2.823 = newborns.