bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic and antigenic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial and backyard chickens in Pakistan, 2015–2018
Authors: Wajid Abdul , Raheem Asif , Sherzada Shahid , Batool Andleeb , Khosa Ahmad Nawaz
Published: July 2023

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a rapidly evolving virus affecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated poultry flocks and is responsible for significant economic losses globally; hence, it is imperative to obtain a deeper understanding of this pathogen. In this study, seven IBV strains were isolated from commercial and backyard poultry flocks during 2015–2018. We obtained full-length IBV genomes of two viruses using the Illumina sequencing method, while five additional viruses were genetically characterized through full-length spike (S1) gene sequencing. Phylogenetic and distance analysis based on complete S1 gene and full-length genome sequences revealed that one IBV isolate belonged to genotype GI-1 and six viruses were clustered within genotype GI-13. Deduced amino acid sequences of GI-13 strains exhibited 31.8–37.2 % divergence with the commonly used classic vaccine strains (M41) and 2.7–12.6 % with variant vaccine strains (4/91) in Pakistan. High evolutionary distances suggest that the IBV viruses circulating in Pakistan are under continuous evolutionary pressure. Moreover, ch/IBV/Pak/AW-2/2017 was found to have originated from an intra-genotypic recombination event between the variant group (GI-23 lineage as a major parent) and variant vaccine strain (4/91-like as a minor parent) and is the first example of recombination within genotype GI-13 in Pakistan. Together, these findings provide genetic and evolutionary insights into the currently circulating IBV genotypes in Pakistan, which could help to better understand the origin, spread and evolution of IBVs, and to ascertain the importance of disease monitoring as well as re-evaluation forof currently used vaccines and vaccination programmes.
Celebrating gastrointestinal nursing at the BSG conference
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: July 2023

Penny Harrison recounts some of the programme highlights from BSG Live ’23
ESPOROTRICOSE E MÉTODOS DIAGNÓSTICOS: RELATO DE CASO E REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Torres Portella Aretuza Iolanda Pimentel , Rolim da Paz Alexandre , Cavalcante Trindade Luciana
Published: July 2023

Esporotricose é causada por inoculação traumática do fungo Sporothrix schenckii e outros fungos do gênero Sporothrix. No ser humano, a pele é o órgão mais acometido. No Brasil, é a micose subcutânea mais frequente e  constitui-se em uma epidemia urbana de transmissão zoonótica felina . O contato das crianças com esses animais tem aumentado o número de casos nessa população, sendo as lesões em face muitas prevalentes. O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever o caso de uma criança com diagnóstico clínico da micose e realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o tema. Para elaboração desse trabalho, seguiu-se os aspectos éticos do estudo de caso conforme a Resolução Nº 266/2012 e Resolução do Código de Ética dos Profissionais de Medicina. Relatou-se o caso de paciente feminina, 9 anos, com quadro nódulo em face, não responsivo à antibioticoterapia e que evoluiu para uma goma. Tinha um gato doméstico com ferida em região retroauricular. O estudo micológico direto e cultura para fungos foi negativo.  O histopatológico de fragmento cutâneo foi sugestivo de esporotricose. Após tratamento com iodeto de potássio, manifestou boa resposta.  Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Pubmed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, utilizando-se os unitermos, “sporotrichosis cutaneous and mycology” e “esporotricose e micologia”, respectivamente, sem restrição de ano, tipo de estudo ou língua de publicação. Utilizou-se como critério de exclusão os artigos que não trouxessem estudos com humanos. Foram encontrados inicialmente 51 estudos, restando, após a aplicação do critério de exclusão, 12 artigos. Realizou-se a leitura dos resumos e conclusões dos artigos selecionados. respondeu de forma satisfatória ao tratamento com iodeto de potássio,que continua sendo uma opção terapêutica eficaz e de fácil administração na infância. Apesar de diversos métodos laboratoriais,  o isolamento do fungo por cultura permanece sendo o padrão ouro para diagnótico da esporotricose. As limitações inerentes aos métodos diagnósticos não devem, no entanto, atrasar o início do tratamento diante de quadro clínico e epidemiológico sugestivos da doença, no intuito de evitar complicações e cicatrizes inestéticas.
HaLow Wi-Fi performance in multiusers and channels environment with MATLAB Simulink
Authors: Faydhe Fatima , Ibrahim Majida Saud , Kamal Kamal Y.
Published: July 2023

HaLow Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11ah) wireless networking standard. As opposed to 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz-based conventional Wi-Fi networks, it leverages 900 MHz frequencies license-exempt for enabling networks Wi-Fi with a longer range. Lower energy usage makes it possible to build extensive networks of sensors or stations that work together to communicate signals, which is another advantage. In this paper IEEE 802.11ah Wi-Fi system design and implemented using MATLAB Simulink and tested under multiusers and channels environment in terms of Spectrum analyzer and constellation Diagram where 4 users, 2 MHz and 4 MHz channels bandwidth used to perfume the test also power of coarse synchronization, fine synchronization and initial channel estimation, to make Wi-Fi networks with a greater range possible were illustrated in space time stream.
KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS DITINJAU DARI MINAT BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI PROGRAM LINEAR
Authors: Pasaribu Sinta Nauli , Yusmin Edy , Munaldus Munaldus
Published: July 2023

One of the most important mathematical skills for students to master is the ability to solve problems. Students' enthusiasm for learning is one factor that influences their ability to solve mathematical problems. This study aimed to determine how students' learning interests in linear programming material influenced their ability to solve mathematical problems. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive format. Interviews, mathematical problem-solving aptitude tests, and interest-based questionnaires were the research instruments used. After that, all of the data were analyzed in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and verification. 22 XI SMA Negeri 2 Nanga Pinoh students served as the study's participants. Nine students were chosen to be interviewed out of the 22 students. According to the findings, students in the high-interest categories were able to correctly solve problems using the stages of problem solving. Students with a moderate interest in solving problems are able to answer questions about solving problems and meet indicators, but they are still less systematic in their completion at several other stages. Students in the low-interest category can only finish when they understand the problem and have not been able to plan, implement, or reevaluate strategies
Effect of Team Characteristics, Organizational Justice, and Work Ethic on Teacher Job Performance
Authors: Hakim Mansur
Published: July 2023

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of team characteristics, organizational fairness, and work ethic on the performance of teachers of elementary school in East Jakarta. The research method is quantitative with the survey. The sample of the study was 209 teachers drawn with simple random technics. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics and path analysis. The results conclude: there is a positive direct effect of team characteristics, organizational fairness, and work ethic on teacher performance; there is a positive direct effect of team characteristics and organizational fairness on teacher work ethics; And there is a direct influence of team characteristics directly positive effect on organizational justice. In conclusion, team characteristics, organizational justice, and work ethics have a direct and positive impact on the performance of teachers of Elementary School in East Jakarta. There are suggestions that team characteristics, organizational fairness, and work ethics need to be improved in an effort to improve teacher performance
ORAL HYGIENE AND DENTAL CARE DURING RAMADAN FASTING
Authors: Shafqat Ali shah
Published: July 2023

As the month of Ramadan approaches, it is essential to emphasize the significance of maintaining proper oral hygiene and dental care during this holy month. Fasting is a central component of Ramadan and involves abstaining from food and drink from dawn until dusk. This can have implications for oral health as individuals may consume more sugary or acidic foods during non-fasting hours, leading to an increased risk of dental decay and erosion. Additionally, changes in hydration and saliva production can affect the oral microbiome and increase the risk of oral disease.It is, therefore, crucial for individuals to maintain good oral hygiene practices during Ramadan. This includes brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, and using an antiseptic mouthwash to reduce the buildup of plaque and bacteria. It is also advisable to avoid consuming sugary or acidic foods during non-fasting hours and to opt for healthier options such as fruits and vegetables.Furthermore, it is essential to stay hydrated during non-fasting hours by drinking plenty of water and avoiding sugary drinks such as soda or fruit juice. Dehydration can reduce saliva production, leading to a dry mouth, which can increase the risk of dental decay and gum disease.Finally, it is recommended to schedule routine dental check-ups and cleanings before and after Ramadan to ensure that any dental issues are identified and treated promptly. This is especially important for individuals with pre-existing dental conditions such as gum disease or dental decay.In conclusion, maintaining good oral hygiene and dental care practices during Ramadan is essential for optimal oral health. By adopting simple measures such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, avoiding sugary or acidic foods, and staying hydrated, individuals can ensure that their oral health is not compromised during this holy month. We urge our readers to spread awareness about the importance of oral health during Ramadan and encourage them to take necessary measures to maintain good oral hygiene.
Um compromisso frágil
Authors: Heinz Arenz Karl , Chambouleyron Rafael
Published: July 2023

O Regimento das Missões, promulgado em dezembro de 1686, teve uma vigência de quase sete décadas, até 1755. Isso faz dele uma das leis coloniais mais duradouras que regulamentaram o status e os trabalhos dos indígenas no Estado do Maranhão e Grão-Pará, ao norte da América portuguesa. Neste artigo, objetivamos compreender a formulação dos compromissos nele estabelecidos entre moradores, missionários e autoridades referente à mão de obra nativa, imprescindível para os diversos empreendimentos coloniais. Partiremos na nossa análise dos interesses e experiências da Companhia de Jesus, que buscou conjugar o trabalho compulsório com o confinamento em missões sob sua administração, contribuindo, assim, a elaborar uma lei estruturante para a sociedade colonial em seu processo de consolidação no final do século XVII.
Effective Social Factors on the Studying Culture
Authors: Sayee Imam Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Studying, writing and reading are emphasized more than anything in the Quran and Islamic teachings. In this article, the effective social factors on culture of reading and studying are discussed and analyzed from the sociological point of view. The influence of factors such as family, peer group, society, media and school in promoting the culture of study has been examined, which show a graceful role in the direction of positive modeling of the society. Knowing and finding the factors influencing the book reading culture is the main goal of this research.
An Overview of the Romantic Age, Romantic Poets and Romantic Poetry in English Literature: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Rahman Muhd. Mustafizur
Published: July 2023

This article aims at giving an overview on the whole romantic period. The start of the romantic period, the way it happened, the poets that helped to make this period shine, the background of the poets and the details of the romantic poetry that ruled this era – all of the aspects are described very elaborately in this article. The romantic age was established at the end of the eighteenth century and it lasted up to the 30’s of the nineteenth century. This romantic period replaced the neoclassical period where the classical poets like Alexander Pope made classical poetry famous among readers. Elements such as imagination, emotion, nature were used very passionately in the romantic poetry. There are more than four poets who wrote romantic poems in this period but only the life and poetry of the significant four poets are written in this article who was William Wordsworth, Samuel Coleridge, John Keats, P. B Shelley. Wordsworth and Coleridge were the very first influencers of the romantic period. Wordsworth portrayed nature very artistically with his imagination in his poems. He wrote poems to pleasure the feelings of the common people. His close friend, Coleridge was influenced by some early politic affairs, his master James bowers and poet William Bowles to write romantic poetry. His investigation of the human nature through his poems made his poems very relatable. John Keats came after Wordsworth and Coleridge in this era. He upheld beauty and imagination frequently in his writing and shared the importance of his created term ‘negative capability.’ P.B Shelley differed from the other romantic poets by giving some importance to logic. He cared about morality and good lessons in his poems. He also portrayed melancholy very beautifully with his pen. This article will guide people in knowing even the little things of the romantic era.
Sinergia dos óleos essenciais de alecrim, gerânio e calêndula no tratamento da acne grau III: revisão de literatura
Authors: Benetti Isabela Rodrigues , Tezão Priscila Eduarda , Moreira Juliana Aparecida Ramiro
Published: July 2023

Os óleos essenciais são substâncias puras que podem ser extraídas de folhas, flores e plantas e apresentam um grande poder terapêutico e farmacológico. Dessa forma, esses óleos podem ser usados para tratar determinadas disfunções do organismo com o intuito de auxiliar tratamentos médicos e estéticos, como faz a técnica de aromaterapia, que atua na melhora do quadro de acne em todas as suas fases, como na diminuição da glândula e da secreção sebácea, da queratinização, no controle microbiano da pele e ação anti-inflamatória. Levando isso em consideração, o presente estudo — aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, sob parecer n. 212/2021 — teve por objetivo evidenciar os efeitos dos óleos essenciais de alecrim, gerânio e calêndula no tratamento da acne grau III. Para a realização deste trabalho, foram feitas pesquisas em livros físicos e artigos da área de terapias naturais, integrativas, aromaterapia, acne, terapias complementares e alternativas, disponíveis digitalmente e que se encontram nas bases de dados eletrônicos Scielo (Scientif Electronic Library Online), Google Acadêmico e PubMed (National Library of Medicine). As buscas para a pesquisa ocorreram no período de março a agosto de 2021, sendo que a data de publicação da base teórica escolhida se dá a partir de 2007. De acordo com a literatura analisada, a sinergia dos óleos essenciais traz efeitos positivos na melhora da acne, reduzindo de forma significativa as bactérias e lesões do quadro, e, consequentemente, influenciam positivamente no bem-estar e autoestima dos pacientes. No entanto, observou-se que existe uma escassez de artigos relatando os mecanismos de ação da combinação de óleos essenciais e seus componentes, sendo necessária a publicação de mais estudos clínicos para confirmar estatística e fisiologicamente os resultados e eficácia do uso desses óleos.
Síntese evolutiva dos marsupiais (mammalia: metatheria)
Authors: Cabral Marcus Vinicius Bonafé
Published: July 2023

A classe dos mamíferos possui uma história evolutiva que remonta o final do Triássico e todo um extenso contexto norteado pelo registro fóssil incompleto que a paleontologia reuniu ao longo de anos de escavação e coleta. Os primeiros mamíferos em condições razoavelmente preservados são do Jurássico Inferior (KERMACK, MUSSETT e RIGNEY, 1973, 1981; JENKINS e PARRINGTON, 1976), cujos espécimes são minúsculos, com crânios variando de 20 a 30 mm, corpo com cerca de 150 mm e aparência semelhante aos atuais musaranhos. Os mamíferos modernos se dividem em placentários, marsupiais e monotremos, e, a despeito do escasso material fóssil, os marsupiais possuem uma história evolutiva peculiar e relações filogenéticas complexas, de maneira a trazer este grupo como foco especial deste trabalho. Provavelmente os marsupiais surgiram durante o Cretáceo Inferior na Ásia e, a partir deste momento, dispersaram-se para a América do Norte e, logo após, para a América do Sul e Australásia (SZALAY, 1994).  Geralmente se aceita que os marsupiais australianos compõem um clado diferente daqueles das Américas, o que é confirmado por meio de análises moleculares recentes (AMRINE-MADSEN et al., 2003). Por muitos anos a distribuição separada dos marsupiais foi estabelecida como um enigma e, assim, foram propostas várias teorias paleobiogeográficas a fim de explicá-lo.
Problemas associados ao uso irracional de nafazolina presente em descongestionantes nasais
Authors: Bertini Julia Helena , Rodrigues Mirella Oliveira , Rodrigues Ismar
Published: July 2023

A nafazolina é vasoconstritora adrenérgica, indicada para o alívio da congestão nasal em processos inflamatórios de origem alérgica ou viral. No Brasil, os descongestionantes nasais são, em geral, usados por automedicação. Protocolos clínicos sugerem que esses medicamentos não sejam usados por mais de sete dias consecutivos, devido ao risco de reações adversas, de desenvolvimento de dependência e do agravamento da congestão nasal de rebote. Efeitos psicoestimulantes podem ocorrer na associação com fármacos simpatomiméticos e antidepressivos. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de um questionário on-line composto de perguntas objetivas, aplicado a 91 voluntários maiores de 18 anos, usuários de descongestionantes nasais. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (teste t, Wilcoxon, p < 0,05) para o estudo da correlação entre o tempo de uso do medicamento e o potencial para o desenvolvimento da tolerância e compulsão pelo uso. A análise estatística mostrou significância entre o tempo de uso contínuo da nafazolina à necessidade de ajuste de dose para cima (p < 0,0129) e à dificuldade de interromper o uso do medicamento (p < 0,007). Neste cenário, o farmacêutico apresenta relevante papel de educador em saúde, no que tange aos riscos decorrentes do uso indiscriminado da nafazolina.
Currículo integrado na educação profissional e tecnológica: vivências no âmbito das licenciaturas
Authors: Mariani Vanessa de Cássia Pistóia , Da Rosa Dariéle Araújo
Published: July 2023

A concepção de currículo integrado proporciona um olhar diferenciado no processo formativo dos sujeitos baseada no desenvolvimento omnilareral. O objetivo deste artigo é compartilhar uma prática pedagógica realizada no âmbito dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática e Física do Instituto Federal Farroupilha- Campus São Borja, expressa através da elaboração e implementação de um Projeto Integrador alicerçado nas concepções de currículo integrado, esta ação está vinculada ao Projeto de Pesquisa: Ensino Híbrido e Remoto: investigando os entendimentos e impactos de um processo de formação continuada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa organizada em forma de pesquisa-ação com coleta de dados realizada através de escritas produzidas pelos discentes e falas expressas, gravadas e transcritas durante o seminário socializador. Este material foi analisado a partir da análise de conteúdo. Como resultados constatou-se que: os alunos compreenderam a proposta e reconheceram os benefícios da vivência do currículo integrado no processo formativo dos licenciandos e que o Projeto Integrador proporcionou uma inserção importante dos sujeitos no contexto escolar. Conclui-se que a proposta realizada produziu impactos positivos na formação dos alunos e que o currículo integrado deve estar presente nos cursos de licenciatura.
Complicaciones y reacciones agudas durante la transfusión masiva de sangre
Authors: Lin Wu Edwin , Quesada Salas Allan Humberto , Navarro Alvarado María José , Quesada Arguedas Daniela
Published: July 2023

Actualmente las transfusiones de hemocomponentes y hemoderivados son una práctica aceptada que se realiza en varios centros de salud. Sin duda, las investigaciones han habilitado lo que una vez fue una práctica prohibida, con daños y efectos desconocidos. El descubrimiento de los grupos ABO y RH propulsó y reabrió las investigaciones en las prácticas de transfusiones. Además de otros avances que permitieron el almacenamiento, manipulación y cuidados necesarios de los productos, como el citrato de sodio, centrifugación, leucoreducción, lavado y otros. Todos estos han cambiado la incidencia de diferentes complicaciones, por lo que es indispensable para el personal de salud reconocer las complicaciones agudas que se pueden desencadenar hoy en día y más en el contexto de transfusiones masivas. Dado que la resolución inmediata de estas puede contribuir a la evolución clínica del paciente. Entre estas complicaciones están las inmunológicas y las no inmunológicas, entre las inmunológicas están las reacciones hemolíticas, febriles no hemolíticas, alérgicas, anafilácticas y la lesión pulmonar aguda relacionada con transfusiones. Mientras que las reacciones no inmunológicas son la sobrecarga circulatoria asociada a la transfusión, hipotermia, toxicidad por electrolitos, embolia de aire, reacciones hemolíticas no inmunológicas y complicaciones infecciosas. Por ende, es importante reconocer la presentación clínica y los resultados de laboratorio que puedan estar alterados, para distinguir cada entidad. Especialmente, la lesión pulmonar aguda relacionada con transfusiones y la sobrecarga circulatoria asociada a la transfusión, ya que son las principales causas actuales de mortalidad durante la transfusión de productos sanguíneos.
|The conceptual model of the axiological reference of primary school students
Authors: Biculescu Florina Teodora
Published: July 2023

The article presents the results of theoretical research on the axiological reference framework of primary school students. Starting from the idea of the continuous nature of the learning process of human values, the scientific con-figuration of the Axiological Reference Framework (ARF) was based on the theoretical foundations that provided the premises for the relevant utilization of concepts such as values, value orientations, and axiological reference, as well as pedagogical theories related to values, trust, integration of value orientations, etc. The ARF model integrated various models (such as emotional intelligence-based education), paradigms (humanistic, constructivist, etc.), principles of value orientation formation, and mechanisms of value orientation formation, as promoted methodologically by primary education theory. Curricular determinants regarding the ARF highlight the priority values of students, including respect, kindness, self-education, reflection, resource management, learning management, resilience, creativity, excellence, assertiveness, empathy, innovation, autonomy, integrity, and responsibility. The study of the value formation process has led to the identification of phased mechanisms for the construction of the axiological reference framework in primary education, starting from value awareness to axiological affirmation, social validation, and axiological reflection oriented towards lifelong self-education. The axiological journey of students facilitates the consolidation of personal character traits adjusted to age-specific value orientations within the socio-educational axiological context from the perspective of educational policies.
Teacher evaluation competence - necessary building at the beginning of the teaching career
Authors: Putina Dorina
Published: July 2023

The beginning of the teaching career requires from the graduate of the higher education institution, a set of professional skills that ensure the functionality in optimal parameters of the teaching act and the achievement of the goals, expressed in changes in the personality structure of students. The reference framework of teacher competences describes in detail the set of professional competences to be developed at the initial stage of training, so that the professional insertion of the teacher is as effective as possible. Considered an indispensable component of the professionalism of the teacher, the formative evaluation competence requires the development of all components: both at the level of knowledge of evaluation as a teaching process in particular and docimology in general, as well as at the level of development and implementation of evaluation tools and the application of principles, norms and values of professional ethics in the evaluation process
Farmers’ Purchasing Behaviour of Corteva Agriscience’s Products (Galileo Sensa and Delegate) for Chilli in Umreth Taluka of Anand District, India
Authors: Khimani S. H. , Vahoniya Dilip R. , Rajwadi Alvira
Published: July 2023

Background: Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. Majority of Indian people live in rural areas and dependent on agriculture directly or indirectly. For cultivating crops on the farm, producers must need different inputs like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. to be used on their farm. During crop season different factors (diseases, pests, climate) are affecting crop yield. As a result, proper agrochemical application must begin at the grass root level. The agrochemicals industry is highly competitive due to the presence of several multinational companies [1].

Methods: The research adopts a non-probability convenient sampling method to gather data from 150 farmers in the target area. Collected datawas analyzed using various analytical tools, including tabular analysis, Garrett's Ranking technique, Graphical presentation, and Weighted Arithmetic Mean.

Finding: The findings of this research revealed that, factors influencing the purchase of both products were identified as quality, best result, and crop growth. Farmers’ perception about Galileo Sensa as a product that offered a price matching its quality and safety for chilli, farmers, and soil. Similarly, farmers perceived Delegate as safe for chilli, with a price matching its quality and safety for farmers and soil. Farmer meetings emerged as the most important promotional tool for both products. However, the main problems faced by farmers during the purchasing process includes the unavailability of preferred brands, lack of credit availability, and relatively high prices.
Interdisciplinary‐Inspired Smart Antibacterial Materials and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wu Yuzheng , Liu Pei , Mehrjou Babak , Chu Paul K.
Published: July 2023

The discovery of antibiotics has saved millions of lives, but the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has become another problem in modern medicine. To avoid or reduce the overuse of antibiotics in antibacterial treatments, stimuli‐responsive materials, pathogen‐targeting nanoparticles, immunogenic nano‐toxoids, and biomimetic materials are being developed to make sterilization better and smarter than conventional therapies. The common goal of smart antibacterial materials (SAMs) is to increase the antibiotic efficacy or function via an antibacterial mechanism different from that of antibiotics in order to increase the antibacterial and biological properties while reducing the risk of drug resistance. The research and development of SAMs are increasingly interdisciplinary because new designs require the knowledge of different fields and input/collaboration from scientists in different fields. A good understanding of energy conversion in materials, physiological characteristics in cells and bacteria, and bactericidal structures and components in nature are expected to promote the development of SAMs. In this review, the importance of multidisciplinary insights for SAMs is emphasized, and the latest advances in SAMs are categorized and discussed according to the pertinent disciplines including materials science, physiology, and biomimicry.
Analytical Gas‐Sensing Responses for Single‐Crystalline Semiconducting Gas Sensors
Authors: Liu Huan , Li Zehuan , Li Kai , Dan Yaping
Published: July 2023

In this study, an analytical gas response formula is developed based on the classical gaseous molecule adsorption model. To validate the analytical formula, an array of silicon nanowires or microwires is fabricated by patterning the device layer of a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) wafer. Gas Hall effect measurements reveal that the surface depletion of the wires narrows down upon exposure to polar molecules that act as dipoles to partially neutralize the surface charges. Gas conductance measurements are performed on different sizes of wires at elevated temperatures. The responses on exposure to different concentrations of water, acetone, and ethanol vapors can be well fitted with the analytical gas response formula. The extracted parameters are consistent with their physical nature. Additionally, the established analytical gas response formula can also well fit gas responses of single‐crystalline nanowires in literature, which further validates the analytical formula.
Two Electron Transfer Mediated Enhanced Electrochemical Nitrate Detection by Sn‐Doped Cuxo Thin Film Electrode
Authors: Ndala Ariel , Kibambo Gloria , Mkhari Orlette , Chowdhury Mahabubur Rahman
Published: July 2023

The unique electrochemical and electronic properties of CuxO (Cu2O/CuO) give it merit to be used in the development of electronic devices. This paper presents the facile chemical route for the development of a sensitive, accurate, and low‐cost nitrate electrochemical sensor based on undoped and Sn‐doped CuxO thin film electrodes. Various characterization techniques are used to study the physical, electro‐chemical, and electronic properties of the material. Sn‐doping resulted in an increase in the number of electron transfers from 1 to 2 as compared to undoped CuxO. The prepared sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 100.3 µA mm−1 cm−2, a wide linear concentration range of up to 50.0 mm, a fast response time of <5.0 s is observed at a potential of −1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl), and a very low limit of detection of 0.1 µm (S/N = 3.0) that outperformed those in the recent literature. The electrode is selective for nitrate in the presence of common interference species and exhibited chemical stability and reproducibility.
Safety and efficacy of jaktinib (a novel JAK inhibitor) in patients with myelofibrosis who are intolerant to ruxolitinib: A single‐arm, open‐label, phase 2, multicenter study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhou Hu , Duan Minghui , Gao Sujun , He Guangsheng , Jing Hongmei , Li Junmin , Ma Liangming , Zhu Huanling , Chang Chunkang , Du Xin , Hong Mei , Li Xin , Liu Qingchi , Wang Wei , Xu Na , Yang Haiping , Lu Binhua , Yin Hewen , Wu Liqing , Suo Shanshan , Zhao Qingwei , Xiao Zhijian , Jin Jie
Published: July 2023

Although ruxolitinib improves splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms in patients with myelofibrosis (MF), a substantial proportion of patients discontinue ruxolitinib because of intolerance. This phase 2 trial investigated the safety and efficacy of jaktinib, a novel JAK inhibitor in patients with ruxolitinib‐intolerant MF. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with ≥35% reduction in spleen volume (SVR35) at week 24. The secondary endpoints included change of MF‐related symptoms, anemic response, and safety profiles. Between December 18, 2019, and November 24, 2021, 51 patients were enrolled, 45 treated with jaktinib 100 mg bid (100 mg bid group) and six received non‐100 mg bid doses (non‐100 mg bid group). The SVR35 at week 24 in the 100 mg bid group was 43.2% (19/44, 95% CI 29.7%–57.8%). There were 41.9% (13/31) of transfusion‐independent patients with hemoglobin (HGB) ≤100 g/L who had HGB elevation ≥20 g/L within 24 weeks. The proportion of patients with a ≥50% decrease in the total symptom score (TSS 50) at week 24 was 61.8% (21/34). The most commonly reported grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in the 100 mg bid group were anemia 31.1%, thrombocytopenia 22.2%, and infectious pneumonia 17.8%. A total of 16 (35.6%) in the 100 mg bid group had serious adverse events, and 4 (8.9%) were considered possibly drug related. These results indicate jaktinib can provide a treatment option for patients with MF who are intolerant to ruxolitinib.
Parallel distributed productivity‐aware tree‐search using Chapel
Authors: Helbecque Guillaume , Gmys Jan , Melab Nouredine , Carneiro Tiago , Bouvry Pascal
Published: July 2023

With the recent arrival of the exascale era, modern supercomputers are increasingly big making their programming much more complex. In addition to performance, software productivity is a major concern to choose a programming language, such as Chapel, designed for exascale computing. In this paper, we investigate the design of a parallel distributed tree‐search algorithm, namely P3D‐DFS, and its implementation using Chapel. The design is based on the Chapel's DistBag data structure, revisited by: (1) redefining the data structure for Depth‐First tree‐Search (DFS), henceforth renamed DistBag‐DFS; (2) redesigning the underlying load balancing mechanism. In addition, we propose two instantiations of P3D‐DFS considering the Branch‐and‐Bound (B&B) and Unbalanced Tree Search (UTS) algorithms. In order to evaluate how much performance is traded for productivity, we compare the Chapel‐based implementations of B&B and UTS to their best‐known counterparts based on traditional OpenMP (intra‐node) and MPI+X (inter‐node). For experimental validation using 4096 processing cores, we consider the permutation flow‐shop scheduling problem for B&B and synthetic literature benchmarks for UTS. The reported results show that P3D‐DFS competes with its OpenMP baselines for coarser‐grained shared‐memory scenarios, and with its MPI+X counterparts for distributed‐memory settings, considering both performance and productivity‐awareness. In the context of this work, this makes Chapel an alternative to OpenMP/MPI+X for exascale programming.
Early life conditions influence fledging success and subsequent local recruitment rates in a declining migratory songbird, the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra
Authors: Halliwell Chay , Ketcher Martin , Proud Amanda , Westerberg Stephen , Douglas David J. T. , Burgess Malcolm D.
Published: July 2023

Life history traits and environmental conditions influence reproductive success in animals, and consequences of these can influence subsequent survival and recruitment into breeding populations. Understanding influences on demographic rates is required to determine the causes of decline. Migratory species experience spatially and temporally variable conditions across their annual cycle, making identifying where the factors influencing demographic rates operate challenging. Here, we use the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra as a model declining long‐distance migrant bird. We analyse 10 years of data from 247 nesting attempts and 2519 post‐fledging observations of 1193 uniquely marked nestlings to examine the influence of life history traits, habitat characteristics and weather on survival of young from the nestling stage to local recruitment into the natal population. We detected potential silver spoon effects where conditions during the breeding stage influence subsequent apparent local recruitment rates, with higher recruitment for fledglings from larger broods, and recruitment rate negatively related to rainfall that chicks experienced in‐nest. Additionally, extreme temperatures experienced pre‐ and post‐fledging increased fledging success and recruitment rate. However, we could not determine whether this was driven by temperature influencing mortality during the post‐fledging period or later in the annual cycle. Brood size declined with hatching date. In‐nest survival increased with brood size and was highest at local temperature extremes. Furthermore, nest survival was highest at nests surrounded with 40%–60% vegetation cover of Bracken Pteridium aquilinum within 50 m of the nest. Our results show that breeding phenology and environmental factors may influence fledging success and recruitment in songbird populations, with conditions experienced during the nestling stage influencing local recruitment rates in Whinchats (i.e. silver spoon effect). Recruitment rates are key drivers of songbird population dynamics. Our results help identify some of the likely breeding season mechanisms that could be important population drivers.
Impact of polystyrene microplastics on cadmium uptake in corn (Zea maysL.) in acadmium‐contaminatedcalcareous soil
Authors: Rassaei Farzad
Published: July 2023

Microplastics (MPs) are small plastic fragments that have spread globally, but the interaction between MPs and heavy metal soil contamination on plant growth has received little attention. In this study, the impact of polystyrene (PS) on maize growth in cadmium (Cd) polluted soil was examined through a randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment. The results revealed that increasing PS levels in soil led to an increase in Cd concentration in maize shoots and roots compared to the control. Furthermore, the growth inhibiting impact of PS was enhanced by the presence of Cd. PS reduced the dry weights of the shoots and roots, resulting in lower overall dry weights. This study also demonstrated a distinct alteration in the soil pH following the addition of PS, with pH values increasing. PS enhanced the disruption of Cd and decreased the chlorophyll index, plant height, and leaf area by increasing the Cd concentration in the maize plant. These findings highlight the negative impact of PS on plant growth and the exacerbation of Cd contamination in soil. Proper disposal of plastic waste is crucial to mitigate its detrimental effects on the environment. Further research is needed to examine the impact of MPs on soil contamination and their interactions with plants. Understanding the mechanisms of the interactions between MPs and heavy metals will aid in developing strategies to reduce the risks associated with plastic waste and soil contamination. These findings underscore the need for effective waste management practices to prevent further contamination of the environment.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and imbalance of atrophy in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Sokołowski Andrzej , Roy Ashlin R. K. , Goh Sheng‐Yang M. , Hardy Emily G. , Datta Samir , Cobigo Yann , Brown Jesse A. , Spina Salvatore , Grinberg Lea , Kramer Joel , Rankin Katherine P. , Seeley William W. , Sturm Virginia E. , Rosen Howard J. , Miller Bruce L. , Perry David C.
Published: July 2023

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia is characterized by heterogeneous frontal, insular, and anterior temporal atrophy patterns that vary along left–right and dorso‐ventral axes. Little is known about how these structural imbalances impact clinical symptomatology. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency of frontotemporal asymmetry (right‐ or left‐lateralization) and dorsality (ventral or dorsal predominance of atrophy) and to investigate their clinical correlates. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and structural images were analyzed for 250 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Frontotemporal atrophy was most often symmetric while left‐lateralized (9%) and right‐lateralized (17%) atrophy were present in a minority of patients. Atrophy was more often ventral (32%) than dorsal (3%) predominant. Patients with right‐lateralized atrophy were characterized by higher severity of abnormal eating behavior and hallucinations compared to those with left‐lateralized atrophy. Subsequent analyses clarified that eating behavior was associated with right atrophy to a greater extent than a lack of left atrophy, and hallucinations were driven mainly by right atrophy. Dorsality analyses showed that anxiety, euphoria, and disinhibition correlated with ventral‐predominant atrophy. Agitation, irritability, and depression showed greater severity with a lack of regional atrophy, including in dorsal regions. Aberrant motor behavior and apathy were not explained by asymmetry or dorsality. This study provides additional insight into how anatomical heterogeneity influences the clinical presentation of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Behavioral symptoms can be associated not only with the presence or absence of focal atrophy, but also with right/left or dorsal/ventral imbalance of gray matter volume.
Planning ahead: Predictable switching recruits task‐active and resting‐state networks
Authors: Kurtin Danielle L. , Araña‐Oiarbide Garazi , Lorenz Romy , Violante Ines R. , Hampshire Adam
Published: July 2023

Switching is a difficult cognitive process characterised by costs in task performance; specifically, slowed responses and reduced accuracy. It is associated with the recruitment of a large coalition of task‐positive regions including those referred to as the multiple demand cortex (MDC). The neural correlates of switching not only include the MDC, but occasionally the default mode network (DMN), a characteristically task‐negative network. To unpick the role of the DMN during switching we collected fMRI data from 24 participants playing a switching paradigm that perturbed predictability (i.e., cognitive load) across three switch dimensions—sequential, perceptual, and spatial predictability. We computed the activity maps unique to switch vs. stay trials and all switch dimensions, then evaluated functional connectivity under these switch conditions by computing the pairwise mutual information functional connectivity (miFC) between regional timeseries. Switch trials exhibited an expected cost in reaction time while sequential predictability produced a significant benefit to task accuracy. Our results showed that switch trials recruited a broader activity map than stay trials, including regions of the DMN, the MDC, and task‐positive networks such as visual, somatomotor, dorsal, salience/ventral attention networks. More sequentially predictable trials recruited increased activity in the somatomotor and salience/ventral attention networks. Notably, changes in sequential and perceptual predictability, but not spatial predictability, had significant effects on miFC. Increases in perceptual predictability related to decreased miFC between control, visual, somatomotor, and DMN regions, whereas increases in sequential predictability increased miFC between regions in the same networks, as well as regions within ventral attention/ salience, dorsal attention, limbic, and temporal parietal networks. These results provide novel clues as to how DMN may contribute to executive task performance. Specifically, the improved task performance, unique activity, and increased miFC associated with increased sequential predictability suggest that the DMN may coordinate more strongly with the MDC to generate a temporal schema of upcoming task events, which may attenuate switching costs.
Disability and persistent motor deficits are linked to structural crossed cerebellar diaschisis in chronic stroke
Authors: Guder Stephanie , Sadeghi Fatemeh , Zittel Simone , Quandt Fanny , Choe Chi‐un , Bönstrup Marlene , Cheng Bastian , Thomalla Götz , Gerloff Christian , Schulz Robert
Published: July 2023

Brain imaging has significantly contributed to our understanding of the cerebellum being involved in recovery after non‐cerebellar stroke. Due to its connections with supratentorial brain networks, acute stroke can alter the function and structure of the contralesional cerebellum, known as crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD). Data on the spatially precise distribution of structural CCD and their implications for persistent deficits after stroke are notably limited. In this cross‐sectional study, structural MRI and clinical data were analyzed from 32 chronic stroke patients, at least 6 months after the event. We quantified lobule‐specific contralesional atrophy, as a surrogate of structural CCD, in patients and healthy controls. Volumetric data were integrated with clinical scores of disability and motor deficits. Diaschisis‐outcome models were adjusted for the covariables age, lesion volume, and damage to the corticospinal tract. We found that structural CCD was evident for the whole cerebellum, and particularly for lobules V and VI. Lobule VI diaschisis was significantly correlated with clinical scores, that is, volume reductions in contralesional lobule VI were associated with higher levels of disability and motor deficits. Lobule V and the whole cerebellum did not show similar diaschisis‐outcome relationships across the spectrum of the clinical scores. These results provide novel insights into stroke‐related cerebellar plasticity and might thereby promote lobule VI as a key area prone to structural CCD and potentially involved in recovery and residual motor functioning.
What factors are considered in hospital funding models? A review of the literature on health services funding in organisation for economic co‐operation and development countries
Authors: Clay‐Williams Robyn , Zurynski Yvonne , Long Janet C. , Meulenbroeks Isabelle , Austin Elizabeth E. , Mahmoud Zeyad , Ellis Louise A. , Knaggs Gilbert , Fajardo Pulido Diana , Richardson Lieke , Ahlenstiel Golo , Reece Graham , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: July 2023

Background

One of the most difficult challenges in healthcare involves equitable allocation of resources. Our review aimed to identify international funding models in Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries for government‐funded public hospitals and evidence underpinning their efficacy, via review of the peer‐reviewed and grey literature.

Methods

Ovid‐Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and PubMed were searched for peer‐reviewed literature. Advanced Google searches and targeted hand searches of relevant organisational websites identified grey literature. Inclusion criteria were: English language, published between 2011 and 2022, and that the article: (1) focused on healthcare funding; (2) reported on or identified specific factors, indexes, algorithms or formulae associated with healthcare funding; and (3) referred to countries that are members of the OECD, excluding the United States (US).

Results

For peer‐reviewed literature 1189 abstracts and 35 full‐texts were reviewed; six articles met the inclusion criteria. For grey literature, 2996 titles or abstracts and 37 full‐texts were reviewed; five articles met the inclusion criteria. Healthcare funding arrangements employed in 15 OECD countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom [UK; specifically, England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland]) were identified, but papers reported population‐based funding arrangements for specific regions rather than hospital‐specific models.

Conclusions

While some models adjusted for deprivation and ethnicity factors, none of the identified documents reported on health systems that adjusted funding allocation for social determinants such as health literacy levels.