bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetisation switching of FePt nanoparticle recording medium by femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: John R. , Berritta M. , Hinzke D. , Müller C. , Santos T. , Ulrichs H. , Nieves P. , Walowski J. , Mondal R. , Chubykalo-Fesenko O. , McCord J. , Oppeneer P. M. , Nowak U. , Münzenberg M.
Published: June 2017

Manipulation of magnetisation with ultrashort laser pulses is promising for information storage device applications. The dynamics of the magnetisation response depends on the energy transfer from the photons to the spins during the initial laser excitation. A material of special interest for magnetic storage are FePt nanoparticles, for which switching of the magnetisation with optical angular momentum was demonstrated recently. The mechanism remained unclear. Here we investigate experimentally and theoretically the all-optical switching of FePt nanoparticles. We show that the magnetisation switching is a stochastic process. We develop a complete multiscale model which allows us to optimize the number of laser shots needed to switch the magnetisation of high anisotropy FePt nanoparticles in our experiments. We conclude that only angular momentum induced optically by the inverse Faraday effect will provide switching with one single femtosecond laser pulse.
Active translocation of a semiflexible polymer assisted by an ATP-based molecular motor
Authors: Fiasconaro A. , Mazo J. J. , Falo F.
Published: June 2017

In this work we study the assisted translocation of a polymer across a membrane nanopore, inside which a molecular motor exerts a force fuelled by the hydrolysis of ATP molecules. In our model the motor switches to its active state for a fixed amount of time, while it waits for an ATP molecule which triggers the motor, during an exponentially distributed time lapse. The polymer is modelled as a beads-springs chain with both excluded volume and bending contributions, and moves in a stochastic three dimensional environment modelled with a Langevin dynamics at a fixed temperature. The resulting dynamics shows a Michaelis-Menten translocation velocity that depends on the chain flexibility. The scaling behavior of the mean translocation time with the polymer length for different bending values is also investigated.
Enhanced Atomic Desorption of 209 and 210 Francium from Organic Coating
Authors: Agustsson Steinn , Bianchi Giovanni , Calabrese Roberto , Corradi Lorenzo , Dainelli Antonio , Khanbekyan Alen , Marinelli Carmela , Mariotti Emilio , Marmugi Luca , Ricci Leonardo , Stiaccini Leonardo , Tomassetti Luca , Vanella Andrea
Published: June 2017

Controlled atomic desorption from organic Poly-DiMethylSiloxane coating is demonstrated for improving the loading efficiency of 209,210Fr magneto-optical traps. A three times increase in the cold atoms population is obtained with contact-less pulsed light-induced desorption, applied to different isotopes, either bosonic or fermionic, of Francium. A six times increase of 210Fr population is obtained with a desorption mechanism based on direct charge transfer from a triboelectric probe to the adatom-organic coating complex. Our findings provide new insight on the microscopic mechanisms of atomic desorption from organic coatings. Our results, obtained at room temperature so as to preserve ideal vacuum conditions, represent concrete alternatives, independent from the atomic species in use, for high-efficiency laser cooling in critical conditions.
Current Induced Resistive State in Fe(Se,Te) Superconducting Nanostrips
Authors: Nappi Ciro , Camerlingo Carlo , Enrico Emanuele , Bellingeri Emilio , Braccini Valeria , Ferdeghini Carlo , Sarnelli Ettore
Published: June 2017

We study the current-voltage characteristics of Fe(Se,Te) thin films deposited on CaF2 substrates in form of nanostrips (width w ~ λ, λ the London penetration length). In view of a possible application of these materials to superconductive electronics and micro-electronics we focus on transport properties in small magnetic field, the one generated by the bias current. From the characteristics taken at different temperatures we derive estimates for the pinning potential U and the pinning potential range δ for the magnetic flux lines (vortices). Since the sample lines are very narrow, the classical creep flow model provides a sufficiently accurate interpretation of the data only when the attractive interaction between magnetic flux lines of opposite sign is taken into account. The observed voltages and the induced depression of the critical current of the nanostrips are compatible with the presence of a low number ($$\lesssim 10$$

<
˜

10
) magnetic field lines at the equilibrium, a strongly inhomogeneous current density distribution at the two ends of the strips and a reduced Bean Livingston barrier. In particular, we argue that the sharp corners defining the bridge geometry represent points of easy magnetic flux lines injection. The results are relevant for creep flow analysis in superconducting Fe(Se,Te) nanostrips.
Identifying community thresholds for lotic benthic diatoms in response to human disturbance
Authors: Tang Tao , Tang Ting , Tan Lu , Gu Yuan , Jiang Wanxiang , Cai Qinghua
Published: June 2017

Although human disturbance indirectly influences lotic assemblages through modifying physical and chemical conditions, identifying thresholds of human disturbance would provide direct evidence for preventing anthropogenic degradation of biological conditions. In the present study, we used data obtained from tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China to detect effects of human disturbance on streams and to identify disturbance thresholds for benthic diatoms. Diatom species composition was significantly affected by three in-stream stressors including TP, TN and pH. Diatoms were also influenced by watershed % farmland and natural environmental variables. Considering three in-stream stressors, TP was positively influenced by % farmland and % impervious surface area (ISA). In contrast, TN and pH were principally affected by natural environmental variables. Among measured natural environmental variables, average annual air temperature, average annual precipitation, and topsoil % CaCO3, % gravel, and total exchangeable bases had significant effects on study streams. When effects of natural variables were accounted for, substantial compositional changes in diatoms occurred when farmland or ISA land use exceeded 25% or 0.3%, respectively. Our study demonstrated the rationale for identifying thresholds of human disturbance for lotic assemblages and addressed the importance of accounting for effects of natural factors for accurate disturbance thresholds.
Brain-to-brain entrainment: EEG interbrain synchronization while speaking and listening
Authors: Pérez Alejandro , Carreiras Manuel , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni
Published: June 2017

Electroencephalographic hyperscanning was used to investigate interbrain synchronization patterns in dyads of participants interacting through speech. Results show that brain oscillations are synchronized between listener and speaker during oral narratives. This interpersonal synchronization is mediated in part by a lower-level sensory mechanism of speech-to-brain synchronization, but also by the interactive process that takes place in the situation per se. These results demonstrate the existence of brain-to-brain entrainment which is not merely an epiphenomenon of auditory processing, during listening to one speaker. The study highlights the validity of the two-person neuroscience framework for understanding induced brain activity, and suggests that verbal information exchange cannot be fully understood by examining the listener’s or speaker’s brain activity in isolation.
Optimal surveillance strategies for bovine tuberculosis in a low-prevalence country
Authors: VanderWaal Kimberly , Enns Eva A. , Picasso Catalina , Alvarez Julio , Perez Andres , Fernandez Federico , Gil Andres , Craft Meggan , Wells Scott
Published: June 2017

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic disease of cattle that is difficult to control and eradicate in part due to the costly nature of surveillance and poor sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Like many countries, bTB prevalence in Uruguay has gradually declined to low levels due to intensive surveillance and control efforts over the past decades. In low prevalence settings, broad-based surveillance strategies based on routine testing may not be the most cost-effective way for controlling between-farm bTB transmission, while targeted surveillance aimed at high-risk farms may be more efficient for this purpose. To investigate the efficacy of targeted surveillance, we developed an integrated within- and between-farm bTB transmission model utilizing data from Uruguay’s comprehensive animal movement database. A genetic algorithm was used to fit uncertain parameter values, such as the animal-level sensitivity of skin testing and slaughter inspection, to observed bTB epidemiological data. Of ten alternative surveillance strategies evaluated, a strategy based on eliminating testing in low-risk farms resulted in a 40% reduction in sampling effort without increasing bTB incidence. These results can inform the design of more cost-effective surveillance programs to detect and control bTB in Uruguay and other countries with low bTB prevalence.
Crucial role of 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate reductase for alginate utilization revealed by adaptive evolution in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Matsuoka Fumiya , Hirayama Makoto , Kashihara Takayuki , Tanaka Hideki , Hashimoto Wataru , Murata Kousaku , Kawai Shigeyuki
Published: June 2017

In brown macroalgae, alginate and D-mannitol are promising carbohydrates for biorefinery.Saccharomyces cerevisiaeis widely used as a microbial cell factory, but this budding yeast is unable to utilize either alginate or D-mannitol. Alginate can be depolymerized by both endo-type and exo-type alginate lyases, yielding a monouronate, 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH), a key intermediate in the metabolism of alginate. Here, we constructed engineered twoS. cerevisiaestrains that are able to utilize both DEH and D-mannitol on two different strain backgrounds, and we also improved their aerobic growth in a DEH liquid medium through adaptive evolution. In both evolved strains, one of the causal mutations was surprisingly identical, a c.50A > G mutation in the codon-optimized NAD(P)H-dependent DEH reductase gene, one of the 4 genes introduced to confer the capacity to utilize DEH. This mutation resulted in an E17G substitution at a loop structure near the coenzyme-binding site of this reductase, and enhanced the reductase activity and aerobic growth in both evolved strains. Thus, the crucial role for this reductase reaction in the metabolism of DEH in the engineeredS. cerevisiaeis demonstrated, and this finding provides significant information for synthetic construction of aS. cerevisiaestrain as a platform for alginate utilization.
Prednisolone induces apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells through the intrinsic pathway
Authors: Ryu Jin Suk , Ko Jung Hwa , Kim Mee Kum , Wee Won Ryang , Oh Joo Youn
Published: June 2017

Glucocorticoid eye drops are one of the most widely used medications in ophthalmology. However, little is known about the effects of glucocorticoids on corneal epithelial cells that are directly exposed to topically-administered glucocorticoids. Here we investigated the effects of prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid analogue frequently used in the clinic, on corneal epithelial cells. Results showed that prednisolone decreased survival of corneal epithelial cells by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), cleaved caspase-3, and -9 were increased by prednisolone. The effects of prednisolone on apoptosis and mtROS were blocked 1) by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU-38486, 2) in cells with GR siRNA knockdown, and 3) by treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Transcript levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in corneal epithelial cells upon hyperosmolar stress, but repressed by prednisolone. In NOD.B10.H2bmice, topical administration of 1% prednisolone increased apoptotic cells in the corneal epithelium. Together, data indicate that prednisolone induces apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells through GR and the intrinsic pathway involving mtROS, caspase-9, and -3. The pro-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids along with their anti-inflammatory effects should be considered when glucocorticoid eye drops are used in patients with ocular surface disease.
Recurrent background mutations in WHI2 impair proteostasis and degradation of misfolded cytosolic proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Comyn Sophie A. , Flibotte Stéphane , Mayor Thibault
Published: June 2017

Proteostasis promotes viability at both the cellular and organism levels by maintaining a functional proteome. This requires an intricate protein quality control (PQC) network that mediates protein folding by molecular chaperones and removes terminally misfolded proteins via the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy. How changes within the PQC network can perturb proteostasis and shift the balance between protein folding and proteolysis remain poorly understood. However, given that proteostasis is altered in a number of conditions such as cancer and ageing, it is critical that we identify the factors that mediate PQC and understand the interplay between members of the proteostatic network. In this study, we investigated the degradation of a thermally unstable cytosolic model substrate and identified a surprisingly high number of strains in the yeast knockout collection that displayed impaired turnover of the misfolded substrate. We found that this phenotype was caused by frequent background mutations in the general stress response geneWHI2. We linked this proteostatic defect to the lack of activity of the stress response transcription factor Msn2, potentially under conditions where the TOR pathway is active. Our results underscore how changes to the elaborate PQC network can perturb proteostasis and impair degradation of misfolded cytosolic proteins.
CO2 regulates molecular rotor dynamics in porous materials
Authors: Bracco S. , Miyano T. , Negroni M. , Bassanetti I. , Marchio' L. , Sozzani P. , Tohnai N. , Comotti A.
Published: June 2017

Porous molecular crystals contain fast molecular rotors whose dynamics can be controlled by CO2.
Knockout driven fragmentation of porphyrins
Authors: Giacomozzi Linda , Gatchell Michael , de Ruette Nathalie , Wolf Michael , D'Angelo Giovanna , Schmidt Henning T. , Cederquist Henrik , Zettergren Henning
Published: June 2017

We have studied collisions between tetraphenylporphyrin cations and He or Ne at center-of-mass energies in the range 50–110 eV.
High cross-plane thermoelectric performance of metallo-porphyrin molecular junctions
Authors: Noori Mohammed , Sadeghi Hatef , Al-Galiby Qusiy , Bailey Steven W. D. , Lambert Colin J.
Published: June 2017

We investigated the thermoelectric properties of flat-stacked 5,15-diphenylporphyrins containing divalent metal ions Ni, Co, Cu or Zn, which are strongly coordinated with the nitrogens of pyridyl coated gold electrodes.
XUV-induced reactions in benzene on sub-10 fs timescale: nonadiabatic relaxation and proton migration
Authors: Galbraith M. C. E. , Smeenk C. T. L. , Reitsma G. , Marciniak A. , Despré V. , Mikosch J. , Zhavoronkov N. , Vrakking M. J. J. , Kornilov O. , Lépine F.
Published: June 2017

Short XUV pulses produce excited cationic states of benzene. Their dynamics are probed by few-cycle VIS/NIR pulses. Very fast τ ≈ 20 fs nonadiabatic processes dominate the relaxation. In the CH3+ fragmentation channel a non-trivial transient behaviour is observed.
Chiroptical inversion for isolated vibronic transitions of supersonic beam-cooled molecules
Authors: Lepelmeier Jörn , Alonso-Gómez José Lorenzo , Mortaheb Farinaz , Boesl Ulrich , Heiz Ulrich , Kartouzian Aras
Published: June 2017

Experimental observation of chiroptical inversion within the same electronic transition due to single vibronic excitations in a supersonic beam.
Experiment and theory confirm that UV laser photodissociation spectroscopy can distinguish protomers formed via electrospray
Authors: Matthews Edward , Dessent Caroline E. H.
Published: June 2017

Low-resolution UV spectroscopy within a laser-interfaced commercial mass spectrometer can be used to identify electrosprayed protomers of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).
The role of optical phonons in intermediate layer-mediated thermal transport across solid interfaces
Authors: Lee Eungkyu , Luo Tengfei
Published: June 2017

A study with molecular dynamics simulation shows that optical phonon vibrational spectral matching by an intermediate layer can significantly impact thermal transport across diatomic solid interfaces.
Structural stability and the electronic properties of a (SiH)2O-formed siloxene sheet: a computational study
Authors: Wang Yanli , Ding Yi
Published: June 2017

A dynamically stable (SiH)2O nanosheet is proposed, which possesses negative Poisson ratios, anisotropic carrier mobilities and a strain-tunable band gap.
Effective design of supramolecular polymer adhesives based on multiple CH/π interactions
Authors: Yamate Taiki , Suzuki Hiroshi , Kumazawa Kazuhisa , Fujiwara Takayuki , Yamaguchi Toru , Akazome Motohiro
Published: June 2017

We report the effective design of supramolecular polymer adhesives that adhere to polyolefins through multiple CH/π interactions.
‘One-pot’ synthesis and redox evaluations of chiral chalcogenocysteinol and β-bis-chalcogenoamine derivatives from l-serine methyl ester
Authors: Foletto Patrícia , Dornelles Luciano , Iglesias Bernardo A. , Bevilacqua Andressa C. , Piquini Paulo , Rodrigues Oscar E. D.
Published: June 2017

The synthesis of a new class of potential antioxidant chiral chalcogenocysteinols and bis-chalcogenoamines is described in this study.
Electrospun metal–organic framework polymer composites for the catalytic degradation of methyl paraoxon
Authors: McCarthy Danielle L. , Liu Jian , Dwyer Derek B. , Troiano Jennifer L. , Boyer Steven M. , DeCoste Jared B. , Bernier William E. , Jones, Jr Wayne E.
Published: June 2017

Electrospun polymer fibers containing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Ti(OH)4, and UiO-66 convert a chemical warfare agent simulant to non-toxic product via catalytic hydrolysis.
Synthesis and characterization of nanoscale zeolitic imidazolate frameworks with ciprofloxacin and their applications as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Nabipour Hafezeh , Sadr Moayad Hossaini , Bardajee Ghasem Rezanejade
Published: June 2017

The present study investigated antibiotic drug loading in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs).
Dichlorofluorescein as a peroxidase mimic and its application to glucose detection
Authors: Li Menglu , Liu Li , Shi Ying , Yang Yufang , Zheng Huzhi , Long Yijuan
Published: June 2017

DCF as a new peroxidase mimic could decompose H2O2to generate ˙OH radicals, which could oxidize the peroxidase substrate TMB.
Mechanism and kinetics for the reactions of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone with HO2radical
Authors: Sun Cuihong , Zeng Yanli , Xu Baoen , Meng Lingpeng
Published: June 2017

The mechanism and kinetics for the reactions of unsaturated aldehyde and ketone with HO2radical were investigated.
Prodigiosenes conjugated to tamoxifen and estradiol
Authors: Marchal Estelle , Figliola Carlotta , Thompson Alison
Published: June 2017

We report the synthesis of the first click-appended prodigiosene conjugates, as well as multiple protecting-group strategies for estradiols.
Copper-catalyzed decarboxylative methylthiolation of aromatic carboxylate salts with DMSO
Authors: Hu Liang , Wang Dadian , Chen Xiang , Yu Lin , Yu Yongqi , Tan Ze , Zhu Gangguo
Published: June 2017

A novel copper-catalyzed decarboxylative methylthiolation of arenecarboxylate salts has been realized using DMSO as the methylthiolation source.
Emergence of tilt in square honeycomb liquid crystals
Authors: Poppe Marco , Chen Changlong , Liu Feng , Prehm Marko , Poppe Silvio , Tschierske Carsten
Published: June 2017

Tilt of the π-conjugated rods in square honeycombs leads to a phase transition being related to the SmA–SmC transition and to an inversion of birefringence in the temperature range of the tilted honeycombs.
The Value of Speech-Language Pathologists in Concussion Management
Authors: Ketcham Caroline , Bowie Melissa , Buckley Thomas , Baker Martin , Patel Kirtida , Hall Eric
Published: June 2017

Objective The goal of this article is to make a case for the value of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) to be considered for inclusion on a concussion management team in a consultant capacity and resource for student-athletes during the return-to-learn process particularly at the high school or collegiate level where they may already be on staff or affiliated. SLPs have the skills and expertise to address difficulties and provide structured strategies to address symptoms of a concussion that affect cognitive processing, attention, and focus which often are impacted during recovery from a concussion. These skills alongside an athletic trainer/school nurse will provide a mechanism for student-athletes to be monitored and have a resource through the return-to-learn and return-to-play process.
Wer sollte zur Darmkrebsfrüherkennung bei familiärem Risiko informieren? – Die Sicht der Betroffenen
Authors: Plath Jasper , Siebenhofer Andrea , Schulz-Rothe Sylvia , Güthlin Corina
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund Bei familiärem Risiko für Darmkrebs wird eine Früherkennungskoloskopie bereits vor dem Alter von 55 Jahren empfohlen. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Befragung von Betroffenen im Alter von 40 bis 54 Jahren, ob sie sich bereits zur Früherkennung informiert haben und durch welche Institutionen oder Medien sie informiert werden möchten.

Methode Analyse von Daten aus einer Querschnittstudie: Personen mit familiärem Risiko für Darmkrebs wurden hinsichtlich der genannten Fragestellungen schriftlich im hausärztlichen Setting befragt.

Ergebnisse In der Studie nahmen 191 Personen mit familiärem Risiko für Darmkrebs teil: 59,6% hatten sich bereits zur Früherkennung von Darmkrebs informiert, davon 67,0% über die ärztliche Versorgung. Die Mehrzahl wünscht sich Informationen zur Darmkrebsfrüherkennung vom Hausarzt (98,9% trifft vollständig zu/trifft eher zu) sowie von der Krankenversicherung (74,5% trifft vollständig zu/trifft eher zu). Eher keine Informationen wünschen sich Teilnehmer von öffentlichen Einrichtungen wie dem Gesundheitsamt (69,5% trifft nicht zu/trifft eher nicht zu) und privaten Organisationen wie Selbsthilfegruppen (80,9% trifft nicht zu/trifft eher nicht zu). Etwa die Hälfte bevorzugt Informationen über das Fernsehen. Männer wünschen sich häufiger als Frauen Informationen über das Internet (trifft vollständig zu/trifft eher zu: 66,7 vs. 43,8%) oder Zeitungen und Zeitschriften (trifft vollständig zu/trifft eher zu: 53,6 vs. 41,8%).

Schlussfolgerung Eine im hausärztlichen Setting durchgeführte Befragung ergab, dass sich bereits mehr als die Hälfte der betroffenen Personen zur Früherkennung von Darmkrebs informiert hatten. Das Setting der Befragung kann dazu beigetragen haben, dass der Hausarzt bei den bevorzugten Informationsquellen an erster Stelle genannt wurde. Weiterhin zeigen diese Ergebnisse einer deutschlandweit einzigartigen Kohorte im Alter von 40 bis 54 Jahren mit familiärem Risiko für Darmkrebs, dass das bisherige Informationsverhalten nicht überdurchschnittlich ausgeprägt war und dass Männer und Frauen durchaus auf unterschiedlichen Wegen angesprochen werden können.
Characteristics of the fourth order resonance in high intensity linear accelerators
Authors: Jeon D. , Hwang Kyung Ryun
Published: June 2017

For the 4σ = 360° space-charge resonance in high intensity linear accelerators, the emittance growth is surveyed for input Gaussian beams, as a function of the depressed phase advance per cell σ and the initial tune depression (σo – σ). For each data point, the linac lattice is designed such that the fourth order resonance dominates over the envelope instability. The data show that the maximum emittance growth takes place at σ ≈ 87° over a wide range of the tune depression (or beam current), which confirms that the relevant parameter for the emittance growth is σ and that for the bandwidth is σo – σ. An interesting four-fold phase space structure is observed that cannot be explained with the fourth order resonance terms alone. Analysis attributes this effect to a small negative sixth order detuning term as the beam is redistributed by the resonance. Analytical studies show that the tune increases monotonically for the Gaussian beam which prevents the resonance for σ > 90°. Frequency analysis indicates that the four-fold structure observed for input Kapchinskij-Vladmirskij beams when σ < 90°, is not the fourth order resonance but a fourth order envelope instability because the 1/4 = 90°/360° component is missing in the frequency spectrum.
Prepulse controlled electron acceleration from solids by a femtosecond laser pulse in the slightly relativistic regime
Authors: Ivanov K. A. , Tsymbalov I. N. , Shulyapov S. A. , Krestovskikh D. A. , Brantov A. V. , Bychenkov V. Yu. , Volkov R. V. , Savel'ev A. B.
Published: June 2017

We present results from the experimental and numerical study of electron heating and acceleration under the action of a 50 fs high contrast laser pulse [intensities ∼(1–4) × 1018 W/cm2] with a controlled preplasma that was created by a 6 ns laser “prepulse” with intensity ∼1012 W/cm2. A substantial increase both in the gamma yield and “temperature” was obtained by the proper adjustment of the time delay between the two pulses (0–5 ns), while the gamma yield dropped to almost zero values if the nanosecond pulse came 10–20 ns in advance of the femtosecond one. Comprehensive optical diagnostics (shadowgraphy, interferometry, and angular resolved self-emission measurements) data allowed us to estimate the electron density profile. The latter profile was used for making numerical Particle-in-cell simulations which describe the gamma yield enhancement well. We also illustrate how the observed drop in the gamma yield within a certain range of delays was due to ionization defocusing of the femtosecond beam in an expanding long-scale (L/λ > 1) preplasma.
Influence of helical external driven current on nonlinear resistive tearing mode evolution and saturation in tokamaks
Authors: Zhang W. , Wang S. , Ma Z. W.
Published: June 2017

The influences of helical driven currents on nonlinear resistive tearing mode evolution and saturation are studied by using a three-dimensional toroidal resistive magnetohydrodynamic code (CLT). We carried out three types of helical driven currents: stationary, time-dependent amplitude, and thickness. It is found that the helical driven current is much more efficient than the Gaussian driven current used in our previous study [S. Wang et al., Phys. Plasmas 23(5), 052503 (2016)]. The stationary helical driven current cannot persistently control tearing mode instabilities. For the time-dependent helical driven current with fcd=0.01 and δcd<0.04, the island size can be reduced to its saturated level that is about one third of the initial island size. However, if the total driven current increases to about 7% of the total plasma current, tearing mode instabilities will rebound again due to the excitation of the triple tearing mode. For the helical driven current with time dependent strength and thickness, the reduction speed of the radial perturbation component of the magnetic field increases with an increase in the driven current and then saturates at a quite low level. The tearing mode is always controlled even for a large driven current.
A pressure sensitive ionic gel FET for tactile sensing
Authors: Yamada S. , Sato T. , Toshiyoshi H.
Published: June 2017

Field-effect-transistor (FET) is combined with an ionic gel to realize a pressure sensitive ionic-gel field-effect-transistor (PSG-FET) of high sensitivity and low operational voltage. The ionic gels form a layer of charge accumulation in a nanometric scale called the electrical double layer (EDL) on each electrode upon voltage application and exhibit quite high capacitance. The source-drain current through the ZnO channel increases from the initial 44 nA (without pressure) to 783 μA (with pressure, 7 kPa), yielding an ON/OFF contrast as large as 1.7 × 104, due to EDLs, which is interpreted as a pressure sensitivity of 2.2 × 103 kPa−1. Judging from the drain current and the gate voltage properties, the threshold voltage is calculated to be 2.8 V owing the large capacitance created by the ionic gel.
Reliability improvement of a flexible FD-SOI MOSFET via heat management
Authors: Bong Jae Hoon , Kim Seung-Yoon , Jeong Chan Bae , Chang Ki Soo , Hwang Wan Sik , Cho Byung Jin
Published: June 2017

Ultra-thin single-crystalline Si membrane transistors on a polymer substrate have drawn attention for flexible electronics applications. However, these devices accompany a reliability issue stemming from severe self-heating because of the inherent poor thermal conductivity of the polymer substrate. In the present study, under an operational condition of VG = 3 V and VD = 8 V, the temperature of the Si membrane transistor on the polymer substrate soared to about 64 °C immediately and remained consistently high. The excess heat generated from the active channel significantly degraded the device performance. However, the implementation of a silver heat spreading layer (HSL) between the active channel and the polymer substrate significantly alleviated the self-heating effect as the silver film rapidly spread the generated heat. The efficient heat spreading, monitored via a high resolution infrared thermal microscope, correlated well with the charge transfer characteristics of the device. These results may be helpful to realize high performance flexible devices using a silicon membrane.
Mechanical properties of iron filled carbon nanotubes: Numerical simulations
Authors: Munizaga Vicente , Ramírez Ricardo , Kiwi Miguel , García Griselda
Published: June 2017

The deformation process of Fe encapsulated in a carbon nanotube (CNT) is investigated by means of classical molecular dynamics. The [100], [110], and [111] Fe crystal orientations parallel to the CNT symmetry axis, as well as the temperature dependence, are studied. The system encompasses approximately 80 000 atoms. While crystal orientation and temperature determine the system's response, the results are almost independent of the strain rate that is applied. This behavior is only slightly modified by the Fe encapsulation in the CNT. The principal energy release mechanism is the generation of dislocations and twin boundaries, at low and intermediate temperatures (T ≤ 600 K). The dislocations and twin boundaries interact, but do not interlock. For large temperatures (T ∼ 1000 K), a different reaction to deformation sets in, and no elastic response of the Fe–CNT system is observed.
Curvature induced out-of-plane spin accumulation in Rashba quantum waveguides
Authors: Siu Zhuo Bin , Jalil Mansoor B. A. , Tan Seng Ghee
Published: June 2017

In this work, we show that (real space) curvature in the geometry of curved waveguides with Rashba spin orbit interactions (RSOIs) can lead to out-of-plane spin accumulations. We first derive the RSOI Hamiltonian on arbitrarily curved surfaces. We then analyze the effects of curvature with two distinct methods. We first apply an adiabatic approximation on gently curved, planar waveguides lying flat on the xy plane to show that analogous to the acceleration of the charge carriers by an electric field, the change in the momentum direction of the charge carriers as they move along the waveguide leads to an out-of-plane spin accumulation. We then use the Heisenberg equations of motion to establish the relationships between spin currents and accumulations on non-planar waveguides. These relations predict the existence of out-of-plane spin accumulation on asymmetrically curved, non-planar waveguides. We finally solve for the eigenstates on such waveguides numerically and present numerical results to verify our analytic predictions.
Ultrabroadband single-cycle terahertz pulses with peak fields of 300 kV cm−1 from a metallic spintronic emitter
Authors: Seifert T. , Jaiswal S. , Sajadi M. , Jakob G. , Winnerl S. , Wolf M. , Kläui M. , Kampfrath T.
Published: June 2017

We explore the capabilities of metallic spintronic thin-film stacks as a source of intense and broadband terahertz electromagnetic fields. For this purpose, we excite a W/CoFeB/Pt trilayer (thickness of 5.6 nm) on a large-area glass substrate (diameter of 7.5 cm) by a femtosecond laser pulse (energy 5.5 mJ, duration 40 fs, and wavelength 800 nm). After focusing, the emitted terahertz pulse is measured to have a duration of 230 fs, a peak field of 300 kV cm−1, and an energy of 5 nJ. In particular, the waveform exhibits a gapless spectrum extending from 1 to 10 THz at 10% of its amplitude maximum, thereby facilitating nonlinear control over matter in this difficult-to-reach frequency range on the sub-picosecond time scale.
Trap state analysis in AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double heterostructure high electron mobility transistors at high temperatures
Authors: Zhang WeiHang , Xue JunShuai , Zhang Li , Zhang Tao , Lin ZhiYu , Zhang JinCheng , Hao Yue
Published: June 2017

In this work, frequency-dependent capacitances and conductance measurements are adopted to investigate high temperature characteristics of trap states in AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double heterostructure high electron mobility transistors (DH-HEMTs). It is found that fast and slow trap states are present in DH-HEMTs, while only fast traps exist in AlGaN/GaN single heterostructure (SH) HEMTs. In the former, the fast trap state density ranges from 4.6 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1 to 1.9 × 1013 cm−2 eV−1 located at an energy below the conduction band between 0.273 eV and 0.277 eV, and the slow deep trap state density decreases from 2.4 × 1013 cm−2 eV−1 to 8.7 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1 located at an energy ranging from 0.384 eV to 0.423 eV in DH-HEMTs with a 14 nm GaN channel layer. These active trap energy levels in DH-HEMTs become deeper as the thickness of the channel layer decreases. In addition, the active trap energy levels in SH- and DH-HEMTs gradually become deeper as the measurement temperature increases. Also, the change in amplitude of the active trap energy levels in DH-HEMTs is larger than that in SH-HEMTs, which indicates that DH is efficient in suppressing the reverse gate leakage current at high temperatures.
Reconfigurable water-substrate based antennas with temperature control
Authors: Mobashsher Ahmed Toaha , Abbosh Amin
Published: June 2017

We report an unexplored reconfigurable antenna development technique utilizing the concept of temperature variable electromagnetic properties of water. By applying this physical phenomena, we present highly efficient water-substrate based antennas whose operating frequencies can be continuously tuned. While taking the advantage of cost-effectiveness of liquid water, this dynamic tuning technique also alleviates the roadblocks to widespread use of reconfigurable liquid-based antennas for VHF and UHF bands. The dynamic reconfigurability is controlled merely via external thermal stimulus and does not require any physical change of the resonating structure. We demonstrate dynamic control of omnidirectional and directional antennas covering more than 14 and 12% fractional bandwidths accordingly, with more than 85% radiation efficiency. Our temperature control approach paves the intriguing way of exploring dynamic reconfigurability of water-based compact electromagnetic devices for non-static, in-motion and low-cost real-world applications.
A Highly Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Sensor Based on a Cu/MnO2/g-C3N4-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide Residues in Food Samples
Authors: Dai Gaopeng , Xie Jingwen , Li Cheng , Liu Suqin
Published: June 2017

A simple and highly sensitive method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide was developed by electrodepositing Cu and MnO2 onto a g-C3N4 coated glassy carbon electrode in a one-step procedure. The morphology of the fabricated electrode material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The electrochemical properties were measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. The modified sensor exhibits high catalytic activity towards electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide in a neutral phosphate buffer solution. Within the concentration ranges of 0.01–20 mM and 20–400 mM, the fabricated sensor shows a good linear relationship with the oxidation peak current, the detection limit is 0.85 × 10−6 M. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits high selectivity, good stability, and reproducibility. We successfully applied the sensor to detect hydrogen peroxide residues in food samples with satisfactory results, providing a new approach for food security evaluation.
Ecological consequences of land clearing and policy reform in Queensland
Authors: Reside April E. , Beher Jutta , Cosgrove Anita J. , Evans Megan C. , Seabrook Leonie , Silcock Jennifer L. , Wenger Amelia S. , Maron Martine
Published: June 2017

Land clearing threatens biodiversity, impairs the functioning of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, and is a key contributor to human-induced climate change. The rates of land clearing in the State of Queensland, Australia, are at globally significant levels, and have been the subject of intense and polarised political debate. In 2016, a legislative bill that aimed to restore stronger controls over land clearing failed to pass in the Queensland Parliament, despite the clear scientific basis for policy reform. Here, we provide a short history of the recent policy debate over land clearing in Queensland, in the context of its global and national ecological significance. Land clearing affects regional climates, leading to hotter, drier climates that will impact on the Queensland economy and local communities. Loss of habitat from land clearing is a key threatening process for many endangered animals and plants. Runoff from land clearing results in sediment and nutrient enrichment, which threatens the health of the Great Barrier Reef. Australia has made national and international commitments to conserve biodiversity and reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, but current land clearing policies are not consistent with these commitments. Stronger regulation is needed to reduce vegetation loss, such as target-based regulation, which sets a cap on land clearing and could effectively halt vegetation loss over the long term. Lasting policy reform is required, and we recommend an effective policy mix that restricts clearing, provides economic opportunities for vegetation retention, and informs the Australian community about the value of native vegetation.
Reformulating the problem of translatability
Authors: Cranfield Steven , Tedesco Claudio
Published: June 2017

Forms of collaboration are particularly prevalent in translation of literature, especially of poetry, where the synergy of different perspectives of co-participants may be among the essential ingredients for creative success. In this study, we explore the dynamics of a collaborative translation into English of the contemporary Spanish poet Francisco Brines, addressing how certain key questions of translational practice, including the translation of gender values, can be fruitfully problematised and resolved in a theoretically grounded collaborative approach. In elucidating these dynamics, including those which destabilise and generate knowledge, we use the notion of translaboration, synthesising concepts drawn from activity theory and communities of practice theory. We illustrate and review this notion through a critical narrative of selected aspects of the translational work.
Orienting to see what’s important: Learn to ignore the irrelevant
Authors: Rabinowitz Mitchell , Gerstel-Friedman Jaclin
Published: June 2017

The current study used a triad judgment task to assess whether blocking by comparison type in a triad judgment task could lead people to pay less attention to surface-level (irrelevant) features and pay more attention to deep (structural) features of information. A sample of 313 participants recruited through Mechanical Turk participated in this study. On each triad, participants were asked to evaluate which of two source scenarios went best with the target scenario. Three types of triads were constructed with materials related to the ability to perceive ethical issues within the practice of psychology. One type of triad contrasted a scenario that was similar to the target in terms of surface-level features and a scenario that was similar in terms of deep features (similar surface-similar deep, SS/SD). A second triad type contrasted a scenario that was similar in terms of deep features with an unrelated scenario (similar deep-unrelated, SD/U). The third contrasted a scenario that was similar in terms of surface features with an unrelated scenario (similar surface-unrelated, SS/U). There were 10 triads of each type. We found that with all the blocking orders except two, participants reliably chose the SS scenario over the SD scenario for the SS/SD triads. However, participants who started out with the SD/U triads did not. The results provide evidence that people often have the ability to perceive the deep, but they are distracted by the surface-level features. The results also show that people can be oriented away from being distracted by the surface-level features so that they can see the deep.
The islet-resident macrophage is in an inflammatory state and senses microbial products in blood
Authors: Ferris Stephen T. , Zakharov Pavel N. , Wan Xiaoxiao , Calderon Boris , Artyomov Maxim N. , Unanue Emil R. , Carrero Javier A.
Published: June 2017

We examined the transcriptional profiles of macrophages that reside in the islets of Langerhans of 3-wk-old non-obese diabetic (NOD), NOD.Rag1−/−, and B6.g7 mice. Islet macrophages expressed an activation signature with high expression of Tnf, Il1b, and MHC-II at both the transcript and protein levels. These features are common with barrier macrophages of the lung and gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, injection of lipopolysaccharide induced rapid inflammatory gene expression, indicating that blood stimulants are accessible to the macrophages and that these macrophages can sense them. In NOD mice, the autoimmune process imparted an increased inflammatory signature, including elevated expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors and an oxidative response. The elevated inflammatory signature indicates that the autoimmune program was active at the time of weaning. Thus, the macrophages of the islets of Langerhans are poised to mount an immune response even at steady state, while the presence of the adaptive immune system elevates their activation state.
Implementation of a scalable, web-based, automated clinical decision support
risk-prediction tool for chronic kidney disease using C-CDA and application programming
interfaces
Authors: Samal Lipika , D’Amore John D , Bates David W , Wright Adam
Published: June 2017

Background and Objective

Clinical decision support tools for risk prediction are readily available, but typically require workflow interruptions and manual data entry so are rarely used. Due to new data interoperability standards for electronic health records (EHRs), other options are available. As a clinical case study, we sought to build a scalable, web-based system that would automate calculation of kidney failure risk and display clinical decision support to users in primary care practices.

Materials and Methods

We developed a single-page application, web server, database, and application programming interface to calculate and display kidney failure risk. Data were extracted from the EHR using the Consolidated Clinical Document Architecture interoperability standard for Continuity of Care Documents (CCDs). EHR users were presented with a noninterruptive alert on the patient’s summary screen and a hyperlink to details and recommendations provided through a web application. Clinic schedules and CCDs were retrieved using existing application programming interfaces to the EHR, and we provided a clinical decision support hyperlink to the EHR as a service.

Results

We debugged a series of terminology and technical issues. The application was validated with data from 255 patients and subsequently deployed to 10 primary care clinics where, over the course of 1 year, 569 533 CCD documents were processed.

Conclusions

We validated the use of interoperable documents and open-source components to develop a low-cost tool for automated clinical decision support. Since Consolidated Clinical Document Architecture–based data extraction extends to any certified EHR, this demonstrates a successful modular approach to clinical decision support.
Estradiol Protects Against Cardiorespiratory Dysfunctions and Oxidative Stress in Intermittent Hypoxia
Authors: Laouafa Sofien , Ribon-Demars Alexandra , Marcouiller François , Roussel Damien , Bairam Aida , Pialoux Vincent , Joseph Vincent
Published: June 2017

Study Objectives

We tested the hypothesis that estradiol (E2) protects against cardiorespiratory disorders and oxidative stress induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) in adult female rats.

Methods

Sprague-Dawley female rats (230–250 g) were ovariectomized and implanted with osmotic pumps delivering vehicle or E2 (0.5 mg/kg/d). After 14 days of recovery, the rats were exposed to CIH (21%–10% O2: 8 h/d, 10 cycles per hour) or room air (RA). After 7 days of CIH or RA exposure, we measured arterial pressures (tail cuff), metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry), minute ventilation, the frequency of sighs and apneas at rest, and ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia (whole body plethysmography). We collected the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and adrenal glands to measure the activity of NADPH and xanthine oxidase (pro-oxidant enzymes), glutathione peroxidase, and the mitochondrial and cytosolic superoxide dismutase (antioxidant enzymes) and measured lipid peroxidation and advanced oxidation protein products (markers of oxidative stress).

Results

CIH increased arterial pressure, the frequency of apnea at rest, and the hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses and reduced metabolic rate. CIH also increased oxidant enzyme activities and decreased antioxidant activity in the cortex. E2 treatment reduced body weight and prevented the effects of CIH.

Conclusions

E2 prevents cardiorespiratory disorders and oxidative stress induced by CIH. These observations may help to better understand the underlying mechanisms linking menopause and occurrence of sleep apnea in women and highlight a potential advantage of hormone therapy.
Embryonic Exposure to Valproic Acid Disrupts Social Predispositions in Newly-Hatched Chicks
Authors: Sgadò Paola , Rosa-Salva Orsola , Versace Elisabetta , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: June 2017

Biological predispositions to attend to visual cues, such as those associated with face-like stimuli or with biological motion, guide social behavior from the first moments of life and have been documented in human neonates, infant monkeys and newly-hatched domestic chicks. In human neonates at high familial risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a lack of such predispositions has been recently reported. Prompted by these observations, we modeled ASD behavioral deficit in newborn chicks, using embryonic exposure to valproic acid (VPA), the histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor that in humans is associated with an increased risk for developing ASD. We assessed spontaneous predispositions in newly-hatched, visually-naïve chicks, by comparing responses to a stuffed henvs.a scrambled version of it. We found that social predispositions were abolished in VPAtreated chicks. In contrast, experience-dependent learning mechanisms associated with filial imprinting were not affected. Our results indicate a specific effect of VPA on the development of biologically-predisposed social orienting mechanisms, opening new perspectives to investigate the molecular and neurobiological mechanisms involved in early ASD symptoms.