bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internally Oxidized Ru–Zr Multilayer Coatings
Authors: Chen Yung-I , Lu Tso-Shen , Zheng Zhi-Ting
Published: March 2017

In this study, equiatomic Ru–Zr coatings were deposited on Si wafers at 400 °C by using direct current magnetron cosputtering. The plasma focused on the circular track of the substrate holder and the substrate holder rotated at speeds within 1–30 rpm, resulting in cyclical gradient concentration in the growth direction. The nanoindentation hardness levels of the as-deposited Ru–Zr coatings increased as the stacking periods of the cyclical gradient concentration decreased. After the coatings were annealed in a 1% O2–99% Ar atmosphere at 600 °C for 30 min, the internally oxidized coatings shifted their respective structures to a laminated structure, misaligned laminated structure, and nanocomposite, depending on their stacking periods. The effects of the stacking period of the cyclical gradient concentration on the mechanical properties and structural evolution of the annealed Ru–Zr coatings were investigated in this study.
The Genetic Code and RNA-Amino Acid Affinities
Authors: Yarus Michael
Published: March 2017

A significant part of the genetic code likely originated via a chemical interaction, which should be experimentally verifiable. One possible verification relates bound amino acids (or perhaps their activated congeners) and ribonucleotide sequences within cognate RNA binding sites. To introduce this interaction, I first summarize how amino acids function as targets for RNA binding. Then the experimental method for selecting relevant RNA binding sites is characterized. The selection method’s characteristics are related to the investigation of the RNA binding site model treated at the outset. Finally, real binding sites from selection and also from extant natural RNAs (for example, the Sulfobacillus guanidinium riboswitch) are connected to the genetic code, and by extension, to the evolutionary progression that produced the code. During this process, peptides may have been produced directly on an instructive amino acid binding RNA (a DRT; Direct RNA Template). Combination of observed stereochemical selectivity with adaptation and co-evolutionary refinement is logically required, and also potentially sufficient, to create the striking order conserved throughout the present coding table.
The Wear Behavior of Textured Steel Sliding against Polymers
Authors: Wang Meiling , Zhang Changtao , Wang Xiaolei
Published: March 2017

Artificially fabricated surface textures can significantly improve the friction and wear resistance of a tribological contact. Recently, this surface texturing technique has been applied to polymer materials to improve their tribological performance. However, the wear behavior of textured tribo-pairs made of steel and polymer materials has been less thoroughly investigated and is not well understood; thus, it needs further research. The aim of this study is to investigate the wear properties of tribological contacts made of textured stainless steel against polymer surfaces. Three polymer materials were selected in this study, namely, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polyoxymethylene (POM) and (polyetheretherketone) PEEK. Wear tests were operated through a ring-on-plane mode. The results revealed that the texture features and material properties affected the wear rates and friction coefficients of the textured tribo-pairs. In general, PEEK/textured steel achieved the lowest wear rate among the three types of tribo-pairs investigated. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis revealed that the elements of C and O on the contacting counterfaces varied with texture features and indicated different wear behavior. Experimental and simulated results showed differences in the stress distribution around the dimple edge, which may influence wear performance. Wear debris with different surface morphologies were found for tribo-pairs with varying texture features. This study has increased the understanding of the wear behavior of tribo-pairs between textured stainless steel and polymer materials.
Effects of Doping Elements on the Friction and Wear of SUJ2 Steel Sliding against Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Chang Yuh-Ping , Huang Zi-Wei , Chou Huann-Ming
Published: March 2017

Damage to mechanical components caused by wear is considered to be an important issue for mechanical engineers. For the purpose of wear resistance, it is necessary to improve the material properties of the mechanical elements. Furthermore, low friction plays an important role in saving energy. Hence, it is important to establish a key technology for wear resistance and low friction through appropriate materials science for related industries. In general, the tribological properties of aluminum alloys are very different from those of steels. Hence, aluminum alloys should be specially considered and clarified for their tribological properties before being applied industrially. This paper therefore aims to further investigate the effects of the content of doping elements on the friction and wear of the selected aluminum alloys. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the higher the Si content, the smaller the friction coefficient, and the milder the variation. The higher the content of iron and copper, the more materials are removed, showing better machinability. Moreover, three frictional models and wear mechanisms that describe the effects of the content of doping elements on the friction and wear are proposed. The wear mechanisms change as the silicon content increases, from the junction growth to the wedge and the ploughing particles. As a result, better choices of aluminum alloys with regards to friction and wear can then be made. These results have great practical importance.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Oblongifolin C from Garcinia yunnanensis Hu
Authors: Wang Liping , Fu Wenwei , Shen Yunhui , Tan Hongsheng , Xu Hongxi
Published: March 2017

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized and applied for the selective extraction of oblongifolin C (OC) from fruit extracts of Garcinia yunnanensis Hu. A series of experiments and computational approaches were employed to improve the efficiency of screening for optimal MIP systems in the study. The molar ratio (1:4) was eventually chosen based on the comparison of the binding energy of the complexes between the template (OC) and the functional monomers using density functional theory (DFT) at the RI-PBE-D3-gCP/def2-TZVP level of theory. The binding characterization and the molecular recognition mechanism of MIPs were further explained using the molecular modeling method along with NMR and IR spectra data. The reusability of this approach was demonstrated in over 20 batch rebinding experiments. A mass of 140.5 mg of OC (>95% purity) was obtained from the 5 g extracts, with 2 g of MIPs with the best binding properties, through a gradient elution program from 35% to 70% methanol-water solution. At the same time, another structural analog, 46.5 mg of guttiferone K (GK) (>88% purity), was also obtained by the gradient elution procedure. Our results showed that the structural analogs could be separated from the crude extracts by the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) using a gradient elution procedure for the first time.
Synthesis of Novel Saccharin Derivatives
Authors: Rankin Gregory M. , Poulsen Sally-Ann
Published: March 2017

The synthesis of saccharin (1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one-1,1-dioxide) derivatives substituted on the benzene ring has seen limited development despite the longevity of this compound’s use as an artificial sweetener. This type of saccharin derivative would however present attractive properties for the development of new bioactive, drug-like small molecule compounds. Here we report the derivatisation of the benzene ring of saccharin using Cu(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to synthesise a diverse library of novel saccharin-1,2,3-triazole conjugates. All library compounds retain the capability for interactions with biomolecules via the unmodified sulfonamide and lactam groups of the parent saccharin core heterocycle. The compounds also encompass alternate orientations of the 1,2,3-triazole heterocycle, thus further adding diversity to the potential hydrogen bonding interactions of these compounds with biomolecules of therapeutic interest. Our findings demonstrate that specifically functionalized derivatives of saccharin may be prepared from either saccharin azide or saccharin alkyne building blocks in high yield using CuAAC.
Enhancing Intersectional Analyses with Polyvocality: Making and Illustrating the Model
Authors: Thimm Viola , Chaudhuri Mayurakshi , Mahler Sarah
Published: March 2017

Since the inception of the intersectionality framework by feminists over three decades ago, scholars have advanced the analysis and subsequent understanding of peoples’ social locations, identity constructions, and systems of oppression involving gender, ethnicity, religion, class, and caste, to name a few. Considering these axes of differentiation as mutually constitutive rather than only as individual factors has been the single most important innovation. However, intersectionality has yet to reach its potential theoretically, methodologically, and practically. For instance, the framework is rarely applied to social phenomena that extend beyond the confines of a given nation-state. In previous publications, we have addressed this shortcoming by arguing for applying intersectionality across multiple social scales (intimate, regional, national, and transnational). We have shown how any given person’s intersectionality can and often does shift according to the scale of analysis. In this article, we address another important way to strengthen intersectionality—bringing in polyvocality. That is, and drawing upon arguments originally made in postmodern critiques of “writing culture”, publications tend to reflect partial and/or limited perspectives, typically those reflecting researchers’ privileged, authoritative accounts. In this article, in contrast, we include different insider (ego) and outsider (ego’s relatives’ and the researchers’) perspectives. The article includes the theoretical and methodological argument for adding polyvocality to intersectionality and then applies the proposed model to an ethnographic case. We illustrate how intersectional constellations shift from voiced interpretation to voiced interpretation and, in so doing, deepen, expand, and problematize these same analyses.
Policies and Measures for Sustainable Management of Solar Panel End-of-Life in Italy
Authors: Malandrino Ornella , Sica Daniela , Testa Mario , Supino Stefania
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this work is to carry out a review of the main technical-economic and environmental implications associated with the production of photovoltaic (PV) energy, one of the renewable sources for the production of electricity which currently presents the highest rate of growth worldwide—particularly in Europe and in Italy. The review provides a detailed exploration of the most important initiatives taken at the national level for the end-of-life management of the modules, and highlights issues associated with the disposal and/or recycling of obsolete photovoltaic panels in terms of techno-economic and socio-environmental sustainability. The paper highlights the main critical elements and potential opportunities deriving from the technological, managerial, and organizational options available to enhance recovery and recycling rates of PV panels in Italy. Results point out the importance of a circular economy perspective, through the involvement and awareness of the actors in the process, in order to render an even greener photovoltaic energy life cycle.
Electrochemical Properties of Carbon-Coated FeS2 as a Positive Electrode for Lithium Secondary Batteries
Authors: Kim Chang Su , Jeong Soon Ki
Published: March 2017

The electrochemical properties of carbon-coated FeS2 were investigated as a positive electrode material for lithium secondary batteries. The carbon-coated FeS2 powders were synthesized by ball-milling using polyaniline as the carbon source. The particles in the carbon-coated FeS2 samples were smaller than those in the pristine FeS2 samples. The electrochemical performance, including capacity, of these batteries was improved by carbon-coating by ball-milling. However, the initial coulombic efficiency decreased because of the reduction of the oxidized products on FeS2 surface. The reduction in particle size provides a larger contact area for the electrolyte. Larger quantities of oxidation products were formed by the reduction of FeS2 in the presence of air and water after carbon-coating. Therefore, the poor initial coulombic efficiencies of carbon-coated FeS2 electrodes were caused by the reduction of the oxidized products on the FeS2 surface.
Pseudo-Hall Effect in Single Crystal n-Type 3C-SiC(100) Thin Film
Authors: Qamar Afzaal , Dao Dzung Viet , Han Ji Sheng , Iacopi Alan , Dinh Toan , Phan Hoang Phuong , Dimitrijev Sima
Published: March 2017

This article reports the first results on stress induced pseudo-Hall effect in single crystal n-type 3C-SiC(100) grown by LPCVD process. After the growth process, Hall devices were fabricated by standard photolithography and dry etching processes. The bending beam method was employed to study the stress induced changes in the electrical response of the fabricated Hall devices. It has been observed that when stress is applied to the 3C-SiC(100) Hall devices, the offset voltage of the Hall devices varies linearly with the applied compressive and tensile stresses which is called, the pseudo-Hall effect. The variation of the offset voltage of these Hall devices is also proportional to the applied input current. This variation of the offset voltage with the applied compressive and tensile stresses shows that single crystal n-type 3C-SiC(100) can be used for stress sensing applications.
Water Absorption, Friction and Wear Behaviors of Polypropylene Composites Filled with Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Tasdemir Munir , Gulsoy Ozkan
Published: March 2017

In the present work, the friction and wear properties of Polypropylene (PP) based composites filled with Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were studied. Fillers contents in the PP were 10, 20, and 30 wt%. The effects of hydroxyapatite ratio on the water absorption, friction and wear properties of the polymer composites is presented. The result showed that the addition of HA to the composite changed the water absorption, friction coefficient and wear rate.
Application of Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance of Manganese Modified Polypyrrole Thin Films for Electrochemical Capacitor
Authors: Ningsih Purnama , Holdsworth Clovia Z. , Donne Scott W.
Published: March 2017

Polypyrrole (PPy) and manganese (Mn) due their remarkable properties offers a good performance for electrochemical capacitors. Manganese modified polypyrole (Mn-modified PPy) thin films were chronoamperometically (CA) deposited on the platinum-titanium crystal resonator as a part of the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The performances of the thin films were then examined for performance using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The effects of pyrrole monomer and manganese oxides concentrations were also investigated in this study.
Speech-language therapists supporting foundation phase teachers with literacy and numeracy in a rural and township context
Authors: Wium Anna Maria , Louw Brenda , Eloff Irma
Published: March 2017

Language is required for learning, but teachers often find it difficult to facilitate listening and language skills while they have to adapt to a new national curriculum with an outcomes-based approach for which they have not necessarily been adequately trained. A multi-faceted support programme was developed for foundation phase teachers to facilitate listening and language for literacy, with a particular focus on the language required for numeracy. The aim of the research was to determine the value of this particular support programme for foundation phase teachers in a semi-rural and township context. A mixed methods approach with a concurrent, equal status triangulation design was used, where qualitative data were transformed to quantitative data in order to be compared in a matrix. The results show that the participants benefited to varying degrees from the programme. The combination of workshops, practical and mentoring components proved to be an effective means of support. The results indicate a need for pre-training selection procedures as more effective support can be provided to homogeneous groups.
Editorial
Authors: Pascoe Michelle
Published: March 2017

This edition of the showcases some of the best research currently being carried out in the field of communication sciences and disorders, both locally and abroad. You will find here a stimulating mix of audiology and speech pathology papers – linked together by the developing contexts in which the work was carried out, and the desire to build the evidence base for our work in this context.
Continued professional development of teachers to facilitate language used in numeracy and mathematics
Authors: Wium Anna-Maria , Louw Brenda
Published: March 2017

Learners in South African schools have been found to perform poorly in mathematics because they do not understand the language used in solving mathematical problems. In order to improve academic performance teachers need to be made aware of the importance of language in the development of numeracy. A continued professional development (CPD) programme addressed this need. The purpose of the research was to understand how the participants implemented the strategies developed during the programme and how they perceived the support provided by the programme. The research was conducted over 2 years in semi-rural and urban contexts. As part of a more comprehensive mixed method study, the qualitative data referred to in this article were obtained through open-ended questions in questionnaires, focus groups, reflections in portfolios, and a research diary. Results showed that numeracy terminology was often used by learners that differed from standard terminology prescribed by the curriculum. The participants themselves did not necessarily understand the numeracy terminology and thus found it a challenge to implement curriculum outcomes. Issues related to language use of the participants in teaching numeracy were associated with the lack of resources available in the language of learning and teaching  (LoLT). Some of the participants taught numeracy in English, rather than LoLT. The results indicated low teacher expectations of the learners. The CPD programme was considered valuable and effective. SLPs in schools need to be expand their role to provide CPD opportunities for teachers.
Speech-perception-in-noise and bilateral spatial abilities in adults with delayed sequential cochlear implantation
Authors: Oosthuizen Ilze , Swanepoel De Wet , Van Dijk Catherine
Published: March 2017

Objective: To determine speech-perception-in-noise (with speech and noise spatially distinct and coincident) and bilateral spatial benefits of head-shadow effect, summation, squelch and spatial release of masking in adults with delayed sequential cochlear implants. Study design: A cross-sectional one group post-test-only exploratory design was employed. Eleven adults (mean age 47 years; range 21 – 69 years) of the Pretoria Cochlear Implant Programme (PCIP) in South Africa with a bilateral severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss were recruited. Prerecorded Everyday Speech Sentences of The Central Institute for the Deaf (CID) were used to evaluate participants’ speech-in-noise perception at sentence level. An adaptive procedure was used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, in dB) at which the participant’s speech reception threshold (SRT) was achieved. Specific calculations were used to estimate bilateral spatial benefit effects. Results: A minimal bilateral benefit for speech-in-noise perception was observed with noise directed to the first implant (CI 1) (1.69 dB) and in the speech and noise spatial listening condition (0.78 dB), but was not statistically significant. The head-shadow effect at 180° was the most robust bilateral spatial benefit. An improvement in speech perception in spatially distinct speech and noise indicates the contribution of the second implant (CI 2) is greater than that of the first implant (CI 1) for bilateral spatial benefit. Conclusion: Bilateral benefit for delayed sequentially implanted adults is less than previously reported for simultaneous and sequentially implanted adults. Delayed sequential implantation benefit seems to relate to the availability of the ear with the most favourable SNR.
Endoscopic resection as a primary palliative therapy for advanced primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus
Authors: Manasa Manne , Muralikrishna Palakurthi , Girinadh L.R.S.
Published: March 2017

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is a rare aggressive malignant tumor with poor prognosis. It usually presents as dysphagia and retrosternal chest pain. Diagnosis is made by endoscopy and biopsy, and staging is done by computed tomography (CT) scan and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan. The mainstay of treatment is usually surgical with curative or palliative intent since radiotherapy and chemotherapy do not improve the outcome. Here, we report a case of 50-year-old female patient who presented with dysphagia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was done, which revealed a large black-colored polypoid lesion occluding the entire lumen of the esophagus. Histopathology confirmed it as malignant melanoma. CT of the chest was performed which showed a tumor mass extended into mediastinum abutting aorta and multiple mediastinal lymph nodes suggesting an advanced disease. As surgery could not be performed and radiotherapy and chemotherapy have no role, endoscopic resection of mass within the esophagus was done and the defect in the esophageal wall was closed with the clips. The patient was symptomatically improved following the resection. She expired after 3 months due to disseminated diseases.
Successful closure of chronic, nonhealing tubercular esophagobronchial fistula with an over‑the‑scope clip
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh , Mandavdhare Harshal , Sharma Vishal , Sharma Ravi , Dhalaria Lovneet , Bhatia Anmol , Gupta Rajesh , Dutta Usha
Published: March 2017

Esophagobronchial fistula is an uncommon complication of esophageal or mediastinal tuberculosis. A 35‑year‑old man, a known case of esophageal tuberculosis, who had received 9 months of antitubercular therapy (ATT) presented with persistent cough. He had previously been detected to have an esophagobronchial fistula for which multiple hemoclips had been applied elsewhere, but the fistula persisted. A fistulous communication between the esophagus and the left main bronchus was successfully closed with the help of over‑the‑scope‑clip (OTSC) system. The present case is unique as patient developed fistulous communication during the treatment with ATT and it persisted despite successful treatment of esophageal tuberculosis. Moreover, this refractory fistula could be successfully closed with OTSC.
A Corpus-based Discourse Information Analysis of Chinese EFL Learners’ Autonomy in Legal Case Brief Writing
Authors: Chen Jinshi
Published: March 2017

Legal case brief writing is pedagogically important yet insufficiently discussed for Chinese EFL learners majoring in law. Based on process genre approach and discourse information theory (DIT), the present study designs a corpus-based analytical model for Chinese EFL learners’ autonomy in legal case brief writing and explores the process of case brief formation. The results show that in the stages of writing and self-assessment, learners can make full use of the corpus to obtain information, complete macro-information and micro-information output, and self-assess the specific legal register. The findings indicate that the realization of global coherence and local coherence in case briefs depends on discourse information output with appropriate language use. It is hoped that the study will help Chinese EFL learners build information awareness in legal writing and promote their language output and autonomous learning.
EXPERIMENTÁLNÍ STUDIUM A MODELOVÁNÍ PRAVIDELNÝCH PÁSKŮ V KŘEMIČITÝCH HYDRATOVANÝCH GELECH
Authors: Zbraněk Marián , Zeman Josef
Published: March 2017

Periodic structures can be seen practically everywhere in the world. In order to understand them deeply it is crucial to find a model, which can describe these structures to show their genesis and to predict their behavior while changing various input parameters. This paper deals with the experimental study on Liesegang ring formation made of copper chromate ions with copper sulphate used as an outer electrolyte and potassium chromate as an inner electrolyte. An aqueous solution of sodium silicate has been used as gel medium. The experiments were carried out in beakers as testing samples to find suitable sample weights of electrolyte compounds, then glass columns were used. The reaction process was periodically measured and photographed. Few few hours aft er start of the experiment, the first ring of precipitated copper chromate appeared. In the end, when all ions were consumed, the column was cut through, and the ion concentration was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and calculated theoretically using equation based on first and second Fick´s law of diffusion. The final calculation of diffusion coefficient was determined by least squares of deviations between measured and theoretical values of concentrations depending on the parameters D and C2 which gave us real values of diffusion coefficients and concentrations of ions in our system.
SVRCHNOKŘÍDOVÁ FAUNA (FORAMINIFERA, BIVALVIA) PODSLEZSKÉ JEDNOTKY Z POTOKA KOPYTNÁ V BYSTŘICI NAD OLŠÍ
Authors: Bubík Miroslav
Published: March 2017

Recently, Late Cretaceous strata ranging from the Cenomanian to the late Maastrichtian were found in the Subsilesian Unit of Moravian Carpathians. The stratigraphic assignment is based upon planktonic and benthic foraminifer biostratigraphy. Planktonic foraminifer markers: Marginotruncana pseudolinneiana Pess., Globotruncanella petaloidea (Gand.), Laeviheterohelix dentata (Sten.), Rugoglobigerina pennyi (Brön.) and benthic foraminifer markers: Plectorecurvoides irregularis Geroch, Bulbobaculites problematicus (Neagu), Uvigerinammina jankoi Majzon, Conotrochammina sp. etc. are briefly discussed and figured. In Campanian–Maastrichtian marls also articulated specimens of inoceramid bivalves Platyceramus sp. indeterminable to specific level were found. They are related to giant inoceramids known from the Coniacian–Campanian of the Euramerican biogeographical region and North Pacific Province. Folded inoceramid valves evidences slumping of sediment during the early diagenesis, prior to formation of carbonate concretions that include the shells. Both lithology and composition of foraminifer assemblages show trend from eutrophic black clays of the Cenomanian, through greenish silty clays of the Turonian–Coniacian, towards greygreen mottled and more oligotrophic variegated marls and clays of the Campanian–Maastrichtian. Cenomanian taphocoenosis consists of agglutinated taxa dominated by Rhizammina, Hyperammina, Kalamopsis and Adercotryma. Calcareous benthic foraminifers are extremely rare, planktonics are missing. Benthic foraminifer density (specimens per 1 g of rock) is about 9. Turonian–Coniacian taphocoenosis contains, besides agglutinated taxa, also some calcareous taxa including few planktonics. Campanian–Maastrichtian taphocoenoses comprise agglutinated and calcareous benthics indicating bathyal habitat (Marssonella, Spiroplectammina, Recurvoides, Gyroidinoides). Benthic foraminifer density reaches the value 643. At the same time the planktonic foraminifers represent 94 % of taphocoenosis.
KARBONÁTOVÉ KONKRECE „KOBLÍŽKY“ Z LOKALITY NOVÉ DVORY U SUCHDOLA V MORAVSKÉM KRASU (ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA)
Authors: Buriánek David , Otava Jiří , Baldík Vít
Published: March 2017

Nové Dvory “donuts” are globular to elongated concretions, up to 10 cm in diameter, with remarkable radial structure. They were described from sandstone and limestone cavities in the Moravian karst. Microscopic analyses indicate that these nodules consist of about 45 mod. % of elongated calcite crystals (Ca0,999–0,998 Mg0,002–0,001 CO3). Angular to subrounded quartz grains form the dominant clast type. K-feldspar, strongly weathered plagioclase grains and muscovite are present in small amount. Mineralogical composition of the translucent heavy fraction of “donuts” and surrounding sandstones is interpreted as result of mixing of the detritus coming from the typical Cretaceous (Cenomanian) sediments and of detritus coming from local sources (such as Devonian clastic sediments). Translucent heavy mineral assemblage typical for the Cretaceous clastic sediments includes staurolite, kyanite, tourmaline, rutileand sillimanite, while the local material (Devonian) is characterized by a dominance of epidote and/or zircone. The Nové Dvory “donuts” can be interpreted as a product of precipitation of calcium carbonate in sand that filled the karst cavities (paleo-sinkholes or paleo-cave).
La reforma de los Decretos-leyes en Italia y sus posibles lecciones en España
Authors: Santaolalla López Fernando
Published: March 2017

Resumen:Probablemente sea Italia el país donde más se ha abusado de la vía delos decretos-leyes. Esta situación también es conocida en España. Poreso la reforma constitucional italiana resulta de sumo interés, puesintroduce una serie de medidas destinadas a evitar esa situación. Enconjunto, la experiencia italiana ofrece a los españoles algunas disposicionesque podrían resultar positivas, como serían la presentación ytramitación de un proyecto de ley de convalidación, lo que abre pasoa un control parlamentario más acentuado, la obligación de que losdecretos-leyes contengan normas de inmediata aplicación y carácterhomogéneo y la prohibición de utilizar esta vía para aprobar medidaspresupuestarias y tratados internacionales.Abstract:Probably Italy is the country where the abuse of urgency legislation(decree-laws) is paramount. This situation is also known in Spain.Therefore the recent Italian constitutional reform offers a great interest,since it introduces a series of measures aimed at preventing this situation. Altogether, the Italian experience provides some provisionsthat could be positive in Spain, such as the presentation and discussionof a draft law on the validation of the decree-law, so far it pavesthe way to a more intensified parliamentary control, the obligationthat the decree-laws contain rules of immediate application and homogeneouscharacter and the prohibition to use this path to approve budget measures or international treaties.
Garantías constitucionales en la investigación tecnológica del delito: Previsión legal y calidad de la Ley
Authors: López-Barajas Perea Inmaculada
Published: March 2017

Resumen:La garantía del derecho a la esfera privada es uno de los grandes desafíosde los ordenamientos jurídicos en la actualidad y, por tanto,también de nuestro proceso penal. La Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminalespañola, durante mucho tiempo, ha estado huérfana de regulacióncon respecto a los actos de investigación nacidos con la aparición delas nuevas tecnologías, lo que ha ocasionado no pocos problemas procesales.La reforma llevada a cabo por la Ley Orgánica 13/2015, de 5de octubre, trata de paliar esta situación de insuficiencia normativa.Se estudian en este trabajo las exigencias derivadas del principio delegalidad con objeto de determinar, si la nueva Ley define las modalidadesy la extensión del ejercicio del poder otorgado con la suficienteprecisión para aportar al individuo una protección adecuada contra laarbitrariedad. Se trata de determinar hasta dónde y en qué supuestosserán legítimas las intromisiones en el ámbito de los derechos fundamentalesreconocidos en el art. 18 de la Constitución española comoconsecuencia de la realización de determinadas diligencias de investigaciónpenal.Abstract:The guarantee of the right to privacy is one of the big challenges ofany modern system of law, and thus, it is also of our criminal court proceedings. For a long time, the Spanish Criminal Procedural Act, has lacked a regulation in relation to investigative acts that have been originated as a consequence of the appearance of modern technologies, and this has created not few procedural new problems. The legal reform undertaken by the Act 13/2015, dated October 5th, aims at solving this situation of lack of sufficient legislation. We study in this paper the demands arisen from the rule of law principle with the intention of determining whether the new Act 13/2015 properly defines the modalities and the scope of the power attributed to authorities, so as to afford individuals with an adequate protection against arbitrary exercise of authority. We intend to determine to what extent, and under what circumstances, intromissions in the constitutional rights recognized by Section 18 of the Spanish Constitution carried out as part of the above mentioned criminal investigations would be legitimate.
El problema catalán y el ser de España
Authors: Torres del Moral Antonio
Published: March 2017

Ensayo sobre el problema catalán en la historia de España, al hilo de la publicación del libro "Cataluña en sus documentos", del Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales,
Photo Epilation with Intense Pulsed Light for Thinning of Anterior Hairline after Hairline Correction Surgery in East Asians
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Lee Seung Yong , You Seung Hyun , Kim Na Rae
Published: March 2017

Background Thin hairs are critical to achieve natural result in female hairline correction surgery. However, there are few studies on the usefulness of hair thinning by intense pulsed light (IPL) after hairline correction surgery in East Asian females.

Methods Hair thinning using IPL was performed in 54 women who had complained about thick hairs along the frontal hairline after hairline correction surgery. Patient mean age was 31.2 years old and patients were an average of 2.1 years post-hairline correction surgery. Initial treatment used 10 J, while second and third sessions were conducted with 10 to 15 J according to responsiveness to treatment.

Results Mean thickness of individual hairs assessed before the procedure was 78.86 µm. The mean number of procedures was 1.6 per patient. Forty of 54 subjects (74%) achieved satisfactory hair thinning with only one procedure from 78.01 to 66.14 µm after treatment. The measured thickness was 66.43 µm at the end of the first year in patients who were satisfied after one procedure. Thirteen cases achieved satisfactory hair thinning after two sessions. Mean thickness was 74.44 µm and 67.51 µm, before and after the second session. One case required a third session with 15J, thinning from 89.00 to 66.50 µm.

Conclusions Hair thinning by IPL is a very useful method to provide a natural look after hairline correction surgery in East Asians, who have naturally thick hair.
Ceres's obliquity history and its implications for the permanently shadowed regions
Authors: Ermakov A. I. , Mazarico E. , Schröder S. E. , Carsenty U. , Schorghofer N. , Preusker F. , Raymond C.A. , Russell C. T. , Zuber M. T.
Published: March 2017

Due to the small current obliquity of Ceres (ε≈4°), permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) exist on the dwarf planet's surface. Since the existence and persistence of the PSRs depend on the obliquity, we compute the obliquity history over the last 3 Myr and find that it undergoes large oscillations with a period of 24.5 kyr and a maximum of εmax≈19.6°. During periods of large obliquity, most of the present‐day PSRs receive direct sunlight. Some craters in Ceres's polar regions possess bright crater floor deposits (BCFDs). We find an apparent correlation between BCFDs and the most persistent PSRs. In the north, only two PSRs remain at εmax and they both contain BCFDs. In the south, one of the two only craters that remain in shadow at εmax contains a BCFD. The location of BCFDs within persistent PSRs strongly suggests that BCFDs consist of volatiles accumulated in PSR cold traps: either water molecules trapped from the exosphere or exposed ground ice.
Waves in the innermost open boundary layer formed by dayside magnetopause reconnection
Authors: Uchino H. , Kurita S. , Harada Y. , Machida S. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: March 2017

We present two Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations of whistler mode and electrostatic wave events in the innermost open boundary layer (IOBL), formed by dayside magnetopause reconnection. The IOBL is identified by high‐speed electrons from the magnetosheath on the magnetospheric side of the ion outflow from the reconnection site. Quasi‐parallel whistler mode waves propagating toward the reconnection region are observed, along with a partial shortage of magnetospheric electrons moving away from the reconnection region. Calculation of wave linear growth rates shows that the waves can be excited by the perpendicular electron temperature anisotropy that develops due to the partial shortage of field‐aligned magnetospheric electrons. Electrostatic waves close to the lower hybrid resonance frequency are observed in the IOBL in the second event, which occurred during the main phase of a magnetospheric storm. Magnetospheric electrons are almost completely lost in the event, except at pitch angles close to 90°, yet whistler mode waves are not observed. An electron beam from the magnetosheath and counterstreaming cold electrons originating from the plasmaspheric plume are observed in association with the electrostatic waves. Growth rate calculations show that the waves are likely to be ion acoustic waves excited via couplings between the flowing cold electrons and background cold ions. We suggest that differences in solar wind conditions and magnetic reconnection characteristics may control the shapes of the electron velocity distribution functions and the resulting plasma wave properties in the IOBL.
Daily estimates of the migrating tide and zonal mean temperature in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere derived from SABER data
Authors: Ortland David A.
Published: March 2017

Satellites provide a global view of the structure in the fields that they measure. In the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, the dominant features in these fields at low zonal wave number are contained in the zonal mean, quasi‐stationary planetary waves, and tide components. Due to the nature of the satellite sampling pattern, stationary, diurnal, and semidiurnal components are aliased and spectral methods are typically unable to separate the aliased waves over short time periods. This paper presents a data processing scheme that is able to recover the daily structure of these waves and the zonal mean state. The method is validated by using simulated data constructed from a mechanistic model, and then applied to Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature measurements. The migrating diurnal tide extracted from SABER temperatures for 2009 has a seasonal variability with peak amplitude (20 K at 95 km) in February and March and minimum amplitude (less than 5 K at 95 km) in early June and early December. Higher frequency variability includes a change in vertical structure and amplitude during the major stratospheric warming in January. The migrating semidiurnal tide extracted from SABER has variability on a monthly time scale during January through March, minimum amplitude in April, and largest steady amplitudes from May through September. Modeling experiments were performed that show that much of the variability on seasonal time scales in the migrating tides is due to changes in the mean flow structure and the superposition of the tidal responses to water vapor heating in the troposphere and ozone heating in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere.
Yolk–Shell Nanostructure: An Ideal Architecture to Achieve Harmonious Integration of Magnetic–Plasmonic Hybrid Theranostic Platform
Authors: Lin Li‐Sen , Yang Xiangyu , Zhou Zijian , Yang Zhen , Jacobson Orit , Liu Yijing , Yang Angela , Niu Gang , Song Jibin , Yang Huang‐Hao , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2017

Magnetic–plasmonic hybrid nanoparticles (MPHNs) have attracted great interest in cancer theranostics. However, the relaxivity of the magnetic component is typically reduced by the plasmonic component in conventional core–shell structured MPHNs, due to the presence of a water‐impenetrable coating which severely restricts the proximity of protons to the magnetic portion. To circumvent this issue, yolk–shell structured MPHNs comprising a Fe3O4 core within a hollow cavity encircled by a porous Au outer shell are designed. As expected, the introduction of hollow cavity between the magnetic and plasmonic portions significantly prevents the decline in relaxivity of the Fe3O4 core caused by the Au layer. Moreover, in addition to conferring high near‐infrared absorption to plasmonic component, the hollow cavity and the pores in the outer shell can also provide a large storage space and release channels for anticancer drugs. Furthermore, the multicomponent nanoparticles (NPs) still have a compact size of less than 100 nm to ensure efficient tumor accumulation. Taken together, the yolk–shell Fe3O4@Au NPs can be regarded as an ideal magnetic–plasmonic theranostic platform for magnetic resonance/photoacoustic/positron emission tomography multimodal imaging and light‐activated chemothermal synergistic therapy.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Sequential [3+2]/[8+2] Annulations for the (Z)‐Selective Construction of Heterocyclic Diazabicyclo[5.3.0]decatrienes
Authors: Liu Tang‐Lin , Li Qing‐Hua , Wei Liang , Xiong Yong , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: March 2017

An efficient copper(I)‐catalyzed one‐pot domino reaction for the (Z)‐selective construction of diazabicyclo[5.3.0]decatriene derivatives under mild conditions has been developed. This protocol was initiated by a Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), followed by a ring opening rearrangement and then subsequent higher‐order [8+2] cycloaddition of azaheptafulvene with ketenimine intermediates at the corresponding C‐2 and N‐3 sites, affording biologically active heterocycles in good to high yields.

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Data‐driven adaptive nested robust optimization: General modeling framework and efficient computational algorithm for decision making under uncertainty
Authors: Ning Chao , You Fengqi
Published: March 2017

A novel data‐driven adaptive robust optimization framework that leverages big data in process industries is proposed. A Bayesian nonparametric model—the Dirichlet process mixture model—is adopted and combined with a variational inference algorithm to extract the information embedded within uncertainty data. Further a data‐driven approach for defining uncertainty set is proposed. This machine‐learning model is seamlessly integrated with adaptive robust optimization approach through a novel four‐level optimization framework. This framework explicitly accounts for the correlation, asymmetry and multimode of uncertainty data, so it generates less conservative solutions. Additionally, the proposed framework is robust not only to parameter variations, but also to anomalous measurements. Because the resulting multilevel optimization problem cannot be solved directly by any off‐the‐shelf solvers, an efficient column‐and‐constraint generation algorithm is proposed to address the computational challenge. Two industrial applications on batch process scheduling and on process network planning are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed modeling framework and effectiveness of the solution algorithm. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3790–3817, 2017
Noonan syndrome, PTPN11 mutations, and brain tumors. A clinical report and review of the literature
Authors: Siegfried Aurore , Cances Claude , Denuelle Marie , Loukh Najat , Tauber Maïté , Cavé Hélène , Delisle Marie‐Bernadette
Published: March 2017

Noonan syndrome (NS), an autosomal dominant disorder, is characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects, developmental delay, and facial dysmorphism. PTPN11 mutations are the most common cause of NS. PTPN11 encodes a non‐receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP2. Hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors are associated with NS. Among solid tumors, brain tumors have been described in children and young adults but remain rather rare. We report a 16‐year‐old boy with PTPN11‐related NS who, at the age of 12, was incidentally found to have a left temporal lobe brain tumor and a cystic lesion in the right thalamus. He developed epilepsy 2 years later. The temporal tumor was surgically resected because of increasing crises and worsening radiological signs. Microscopy showed nodules with specific glioneuronal elements or glial nodules, leading to the diagnosis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT). Immunohistochemistry revealed positive nuclear staining with Olig2 and pERK in small cells. SHP2 plays a key role in RAS/MAPK pathway signaling which controls several developmental cell processes and oncogenesis. An amino‐acid substitution in the N‐terminal SHP2 domain disrupts the self‐locking conformation and leads to ERK activation. Glioneuronal tumors including DNTs and pilocytic astrocytomas have been described in NS. This report provides further support for the relation of DNTs with RASopathies and for the implication of RAS/MAPK pathways in sporadic low‐grade glial tumors including DNTs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recessive mutations in SLC35A3 cause early onset epileptic encephalopathy with skeletal defects
Authors: Marini Carla , Hardies Katia , Pisano Tiziana , May Patrick , Weckhuysen Sarah , Cellini Elena , Suls Arvid , Mei Davide , Balling Rudi , Jonghe Peter D. , Helbig Ingo , Garozzo Domenico ,   EuroEPINOMICS consortium AR working group, Guerrini Renzo
Published: March 2017

We describe the clinical and whole genome sequencing (WGS) study of a non‐consanguineous Italian family in which two siblings, a boy and a girl, manifesting a severe epileptic encephalopathy (EE) with skeletal abnormalities, carried novel SLC35A3 compound heterozygous mutations. Both siblings exhibited infantile spasms, associated with focal, and tonic vibratory seizures from early infancy. EEG recordings showed a suppression‐burst (SB) pattern and multifocal paroxysmal activity in both. In addition both had quadriplegia, acquired microcephaly, and severe intellectual disability. General examination showed distal arthrogryposis predominant in the hands in both siblings and severe left dorso‐lumbar convex scoliosis in one. WGS of the siblings‐parents quartet identified novel compound heterozygous mutations in SLC35A3 in both children. SLC35A3 encodes the major Golgi uridine diphosphate N‐acetylglucosamine transporter. With this study, we add SLC35A3 to the gene list of epilepsies. Neurological symptoms and skeletal abnormalities might result from impaired glycosylation of proteins involved in normal development and function of the central nervous system and skeletal apparatus.