bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Conflict to Recognition
Authors: Dunderberg Ismo
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes conflict as a major interpretative framework for early
Christian texts. The language of conflict in these texts may be nothing
more than a bellicose move to establish a certain form of religious identity
and demarcate its boundaries. While conflicts existed between early
Christ-believers, a focus on conflicts may distort our understanding of
the past. Ancient texts also offer examples of respectful dialogue with
those suspected of heresy and show that conflict is not the only option
in religious dialogue.
A Cityscape below the Winds
Authors: De Giosa Pierpaolo
Published: November 2021

After a preface which describes the heritage of downtown Melaka,
Chapter 1 introduces the theme of the book: UNESCO World Heritage
and urban politics in Melaka, the most celebrated of Malaysian historic
cities which is inscribed, together with George Town, on the World Heritage
List since 2008. Afterwards, the chapter presents the field site, its history,
and its inhabitants, in the context of the city’s geographic, political, and
administrative configurations. This is followed by a reflection on the
ethnographic fieldwork carried out by the author in Melaka between
2012 and 2014. This research is primarily based on interviews with, and
participant observation among, a wide range of interlocutors: from
residents to heritage experts, and from public officials to activists.
UNESCO and the City
Authors: De Giosa Pierpaolo
Published: November 2021

Chapter 3 focuses on the inscription process that brought Melaka onto
the World Heritage List in 2008. By employing a long-term perspective,
the account begins with the first attempts to nominate Melaka in the
late 1980s. It took two decades to obtain World Heritage status. The main
obstacle was not only related to Melaka’s worthiness, but the supposed lack
of protective commitment shown by national authorities, together with
policies that did not follow UNESCO-derived standards and guidelines.
World Heritage inscriptions are not linear processes, but the result of
convergences and shared understandings between international, national,
and local actors. Similarly, the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) that
justifies inscriptions is not inherent to the site, but constructed along
the way.
Introduction
Authors: Gabriëls René , Wilkinson Robert
Published: November 2021

The tension between monolingualism and multilingualism has left its
mark on the cultural history of Europe. Current public and academic
debates about the Englishization of higher education pitch proponents of
the monolingual ideal of a common language that promotes communication against advocates of the maintenance of linguistic diversity that does
more justice to the multicultural reality and enriches life. Notwithstanding
the differences between European countries, the switch from an initially
monolingual curriculum to a bilingual and sometimes multilingual curriculum in higher education has led to debates about the consequences of
the Englishization for the quality of higher education, cultural identity,
inequality between stakeholders and the opportunities to express concern
about this process.
An ambivalent picture
Authors: Le Lièvre Françoise
Published: November 2021

In France, English has a hegemonic position in many domains, including
education, despite European policy promoting linguistic and cultural
diversity to better integrate citizens in democratic processes. In 2013, the
Fioraso law modified the Toubon law by allowing French universities to
teach in a foreign language. Under the law, the choice of English at the
expense of any other foreign language seems to have become practice.
However, this practice clashes with long-standing criticism of Englishization in France. In this chapter an ambivalent picture of Englishization
in French higher education arises, revealing tensions between criticism
and official language policy on the one hand and language practice on
the other. Translingual practices in France generate a different view of
Englishization in higher education
English in Swiss higher education
Authors: Studer Patrick , Siddiqa Aisha
Published: November 2021

This chapter reviews the current discourses surrounding English in
higher education, focusing on the impact Englishization has had on
education and language policy-planning in Switzerland. While English
is in direct competition with national languages at the obligatory school
levels, and the debate about the status of English is evident in national
language policymaking, higher education institutes (henceforth HEIs)
have taken a pragmatic approach, broadening their educational offerings
to include English-medium courses and programmes at all levels. Taking
legal, strategy and policy documents as its basis, this chapter discusses
themes that impact thinking about language in higher education in a
small multilingual nation and reviews how the language question has
been addressed by policymakers at the national and institutional levels.
Englishization in Danish higher education
Authors: Dimova Slobodanka , Hultgren Anna Kristina , Kling Joyce
Published: November 2021

This chapter offers a longitudinal overview of Englishization in Danish
higher education, tracing its conceptualization from critical to constructive. In the initial stages, English was viewed sceptically, with concerns
over domain loss, equity, quality of education, and consequences for
the national language and culture. Such concerns led to a joint Nordic
language policy promoting parallel language use, that is, a balanced
use of English and the national language. In Denmark, this concept has
been particularly salient, with all Danish universities having some sort
of parallel language policy (Hultgren, 2014b). Recently, more constructive
stances have replaced the concerns, perhaps recognizing that the continued expansion of Englishization is inevitable. Today, numerous Danish
initiatives advance practical solutions to secure a smooth implementation
of English medium of instruction.
Internationalization vs Englishization in Italian higher education
Authors: Murphy Amanda C. , Zuaro Beatrice
Published: November 2021

This chapter investigates the concepts of internationalization/
internazionalizzazione and Englishization/anglicizzazione as used
by academics publishing research about Italian higher education in
English and Italian. We seek to understand whether internationalization is understood principally as Englishization, and to investigate the
resonance of the terms in context. Methodologically, three corpora
are analysed within a corpus-assisted discourse studies approach. The
f indings indicate that internationalization is presented in a neutral
light, is not construed exclusively as Englishization, which is used
invariably as a negative term indicating an invasive process from
which Italian academia needs to defend itself. The research suggests
reconsidering the role of English as a way of making Italian academic
culture more accessible to international audiences, rather than a threat
to its identity.
Englishization as trap and lifeline
Authors: Van Parijs Philippe
Published: November 2021

In today’s Europe, internationalization is driven by three mutually reinforcing mechanisms: EU funding, rankings, and commodification. And
it calls for Englishization because in most cases the learning of the local
language by foreign students is too much to expect, whereas a powerful
bottom-up ‘maximin’ dynamics generates such a wide dissemination
of English that prior knowledge of it can be taken for granted. Is Englishization a problem? Of course it is, for several reasons. Yet there is no
responsible path away from internationalization, nor any reasonable hope
of achieving it without Englishization. We must therefore aim at a fragile
balance between giving enough place to English not to fall behind and
protecting local languages against slow agony.
The hierarchical finite cell method for nonlinear problems: Moment fitting quadratures, basis function removel, and remeshing
Authors: Hubrich Simeon
Published: November 2021

In this thesis, several approaches are discussed in order to further enhance the performance of the finite cell method (FCM). Thereby, novel moment fitting quadrature schemes are introduced that allow to reduce the effort of the numerical integration process significantly. Further, a basis function removal scheme is proposed to improve the conditioning behavior of the resulting equation system. Finally, an innovative remeshing strategy is presented that overcomes the problem of severely distorted elements for simulations with large deformations.

Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Goal and scope of this thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.3 Outline of this thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Basic elements of continuum mechanics 6

2.1 Kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.1.1 Motion and deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.1.2 Strain measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.2 Equilibrium and stress measures . . . . . . . . ....
Disease modeling and drug screening using human airway organoids: a systematic review
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kim Sung Won
Published: November 2021

Increasing levels of fine environmental dust particles due to industrialization and emerging respiratory illnesses, such as coronavirus disease 2019, pose serious threats to human life. The use of organoids for disease modeling and drug screening has been proposed as a new treatment approach for respiratory diseases. As discussed in this review, various pathogen models, genetic disease models, and patient-derived lung cancer organoid models have been reported for disease modeling and drug testing using human airway organoids. Despite these promising recent advances, several issues must be addressed before the disease modeling potential of human airway organoids can be fully realized. If systematic methods to produce mature airway organoids can be developed, and reproducible organoid models can be implemented using standardized protocols, airway organoids will likely become valuable respiratory disease models and drug screening tools.
The effect of camphor, naphthalene (moth balls), and electromagnetic radiation on 4cH and 200cH homoeopathic potencies of gibberellic acid and their subsequent ability to promote germination of barley seed (Hordeum Vulgare), as measured by a germination index
Authors:   , Stubbs Claire
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the effect of camphor, naphthalene (mothballs), cellular phones and televisions on 4cH and 200cH homoeopathic dilutions of gibberellic acid (GA3).The ability of treated dilutions to promote germination of barley seed, (Hordeum vulgare cv. Stirling, ex Sensako, Western Cape, South Africa, 2000 harvest) was measured by a germination index.
The efficacy of detuned ultrasound compared to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation of the gluteal musculature both used in conjunction with manipulation in the treatment of sacroiliac syndrome
Authors:   , Paton Jaqueline
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of chiropractic manipulation used in conjunction with detuned ultrasound over the gluteal muscles compared to manipulation used in conjunction with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching of the gluteal muscle group in the treatment of sacroiliac syndrome. It was hypothesised that both treatment groups would be effective in the treatment of sacroiliac syndrome but that manipulation used in conjunction with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation of the gluteal musculature would be more effective than manipulation used in conjunction with detuned ultrasound, in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings.
The efficacy of adjusting the ankle in the treatment of subacute and chronic grade I and II ankle inversion sprains
Authors:   , Pellow Justin Edward
Published: November 2021

To investigate the efficacy of adjusting the ankle in the treatment of subacute and chronic grade I and II ankle inversion sprains. The researcher hypothesised that adjusting a symptomatic ankle, in terms of the above, would result in a more significant improvement than that of a placebo treatment
The relative effectiveness of spinal manipulation versus spinal manipulation in conjunction with low back strapping in the treatment of mechanical low back pain, in the dysfunctional phase
Authors:   , Broughton Amanda Lynne
Published: November 2021

The absence of tested theory has resulted in a continued variation in protocols for the treatment of mechanical low back pain. This study was designed in order to determine the relative effectiveness of spinal manipulation versus spinal manipulation in conjunction with a low back strapping in the treatment of mechanical low back pain in the phase of dysfunction.
A study of the efficacy of manipulation as opposed to cryotherapy and manipulation in the treatment of tension-type headache
Authors:   , Angus Antony Keith
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this investigation, was to determine what role cryotherapy plays in conjunction with manipulation headaches.
Human impacts on the environment and wildlife in California’s past: Lessons from California archaeology
Authors: Prince-Buitenhuys Julia Renee , Cheverko Colleen M. , Bartelink Eric J. , Wunderlich Veronica , Crawford Kristina
Published: November 2021

The long history of human-animal interactions in California prior to European contact is frequently not considered when setting ecological baselines and, by consequence, when planning conservation and management expectations and strategies for native species. This article reviews archaeological perspectives that explore the relationship between human niche construction, plant and wildlife populations, and human health in pre-European contact Central California, with an emphasis on the Central Valley and Delta, the surrounding foothills, and the San Francisco Bay Area. A summary of the archaeological record for Central California is provided, along with how niche construction and related evolutionary based models have been used in prehistoric California. Examples of the influences of human niche construction on flora, fauna, and human health from the archaeological and ethnographic record are then discussed. This information is tied to modern wildlife research and management practices that would serve contemporary fish and wildlife management given that human influences on species “natural” habitats and ecological baselines extends much further into the past than current ecological baselines and wildlife management strategies traditionally recognize.
PEMBERDAYAAN LABORATORIUM DAN SIKAP SISWA DI LABORATORIUM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SCIENCE DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS CHARITAS JAKARTA
Authors: WIDJANARKO BAMBANG
Published: November 2021

This study aims to reveal the empowerment of laboratories at Charitas High School in Jakarta. In this study, researchers will observe the completeness of laboratory facilities and infrastructure, the ability of teachers and technical laboratory management as research variables. The subjects of this study were students and teachers of Charitas High School who used the Physics, Chemistry and Biology laboratories. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively. In the research on the completeness of laboratory facilities and infrastructure, the ability of teachers and technical laboratory management in the good category. The supervision/evaluation carried out by the teacher is in the sufficient category. The students' attitude towards learning using the laboratory was in the very good category. The determinants of learning to use the laboratory include the completeness of laboratory infrastructure, the ability of teachers and technical laboratory management.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan peberdayaan laboratorium di Sekolah Menengah Atas Charitas di kota Jakarta. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti akan mengamati kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana laboratorium, kemampuan guru dan teknis pengelolaan laboratotium sebagai variabel penelitiannya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswa dan guru-guru Sekolah Menengah Atas Charitas yang menggunakan laboratorium Fisika, Kimia dan Biologi. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket, observasi, dan wawancara. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dalam penelitian kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana laboratorium,kemampuan guru dan teknis pengelolaan laboratorium pada kategori baik. Supervisi/evaluasi yang dilakukan oleh guru pada kategori cukup. Sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran menggunakan laboratorium pada kategori sangat baik. Faktor-faktor determinan pembelajaran menggunakan laboratorium meliputi kelengkapan sarana prasarana laboratorium, kemampuan guru dan teknis pengelolaan laboratorium.
ULTRASONIC STUDY IN DIAGNOSTICS OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES (CASE FROM PRACTICE)
Authors:   1134 Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, A.I. Hamanovich , A.G. Baida ,   Belarusian State Medical University, L.G. Koyalo ,   Grodno State Medical University, V.V. Levantsevich ,   1134 Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, L.A. Lazarevich ,   1134 Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, A.V. Boriseyko ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, M.A. Nekhai ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery
Published: November 2021

Electrophysiological methods, such as electromyography and neuromyography, are traditionally recognized as the "gold standard" for detecting pathology of the peripheral nervous system. It should be noted, however, that the information obtained during the above examinations does not give an idea of the state of the surrounding tissues, does not indicate the nature and cause of damage to the nerve trunk, and does not always accurately reflect the localization of changes. At the same time, it is this information that helps to determine the tactics of conservative or surgical treatment of the patient. Ultrasound scanning is quite successfully used in the diagnosis of damage and diseases of the peripheral nerves. The article presents a clinical case of a diagnostic search for a causative disease in a patient with clinical symptoms of neuropathy of the peroneal nerve.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BURN INJURIES BY DAY OF THE WEEK
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, O.N. Petrovskaya , M.I. Rimzha ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

According to the results of a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 1699 patients with burns, it was found that the proportion of victims on Saturday (19.3 ± 0.9 %) was 1.3—1.6 times higher than on other days (from 11.8 ± 0.8 % to 14.4 ± 0.9 %), equally among both men and women. The leading injuring agents were hot liquids (44.3—53.4 %) and flames (27.2—36.9 %). The daily relative numbers of people injured by contact with hot solid objects, chemicals, and electric shocks differed insignificantly and, in most cases, did not go beyond the statistical error. Among the victims on Saturday, there were more people with burns of IIIA and IIIB degrees, caused in 45—53 % of cases by hot liquid, less often by flames (28—36 %). In persons with grade IV burns, the injury was caused mainly by flames (52.8 ± 2.8 %), less often from contact with hard hot objects (21.1 ± 2.3 %) and hot liquids (13.1 ± 1.9 %).
PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LIGHT-CELL VARIANT OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A.M. Pozharytski
Published: November 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer, RCC) has been and remains one of the most important problems of oncourology, which is expressed by a steady increase in the incidence of 6—10 % every year [1]. Pathology occurs with the same frequency in both men (2.4 % in the structure of cancer mortality in the Republic of Belarus) and women (2.1 %) and accounts for 4 % of all adult malignant tumors. Objective. To identify the diagnostically significant pathomorphological aspects of the light-cell variant of renal cell carcinoma by morphometric analysis. Materials and methods. We analyzed the surgical material from 20 patients (10 men and 10 women) aged 29 to 83 years (median 64 ± 3.2 years) with a verified diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma from the State Institution "RNPC OMR named after N. N. Alexandrov". Grading and staging of the tumor was carried out according to the recommendations of the WHO (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology & Genetics: Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2004:179—184). The pathomorphological assessment of the material was carried out both at the microscopic and macro levels. Methods used: histological and morphometric. Results. At the macro level, in all cases of SPCR, the growth patterns, cytological and nuclear signs characteristic of it were revealed: the average size of the cells: 5,0*6,7*4,8 cm (p < 0.05), the material is light yellow with areas of hemorrhage. Macroscopically, it can be seen that in most cases the tumor extends into the renal sinus and a smooth contour into the paranephral tissue. CHLS invasion was detected in one case (5 %), invasion into the portal vessels — in two cases (10 %), focal compression of CHLS — in one case (5 %). The parenchyma is not preserved along the entire perimeter in all cases of SPCR, and PPCR (p > 0.1). Conclusion: 1. According to the results of the work carried out, it was found that the light-cell variant of renal cell carcinoma is characterized by a variety of pathomorphological manifestations that occur in other variants of renal cancer. On the other hand, the presence of foci of "thyroidization" was detected only in SPCR. 2. The morphometric parameters of the nuclei of renal cell carcinoma cells may directly depend on the patient's gender. In this case, the superiority of nuclei in size was observed in male patients. 3. The nuclei in the light-cell variant of renal cancer are significantly larger than the nuclei in chromophobic renal cancer and smaller than the cell nuclei in papillary renal cancer. 4. These indicators can be used in the future to improve the definition of significant criteria for the differential diagnosis of various variants of renal cell cancers.
BASAL LIQUORRHEA: AN OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIST'S VIEW
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, V.I. Radzionava
Published: November 2021

Disruption of the integrity of the liquor space (regardless of the cause) and liquorrhea as a consequence have a high risk of pyo-inflammatory intracranial complications in the patient: the incidence of nasal liquorrhea intracranial complications reaches 25 - 35%. The risk at liquorrhea lasting more than 3 months increases up to 60%, and the development of intracranial complications in a patient in 78.8% of cases was observed more than once. The mortality rate from intracranial complications against the background of basal liquorrhea can be up to 50%. At the same time the incidence of basal liquorrhea, including delayed (a few months or years after injury) is increasing as well as the prevalence of injuries with damage to the skull base including iatrogenic kind is increasing too. Therefore, early diagnosis of liquorrhea is important. An otorhinolaryngologist in his practice may encounter any type of basal liquorrhea: nasal liquorrhea, otoliquorrhea and even orbital liquorrhea. These article based on a literature review and provid recommendations for the primary diagnosis of by head-neck specialists including otorhinolaryngologists.
DISEASES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE. PART 2. ENTEROPATHIES WITH IMPAIRED MEMBRANE DIGESTION
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, V.I. Kurchenkova , N.V. Kapralov ,   Belarusian State Medical University, I.A. Shalamitskaya-Huleviсh ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

This part of the article begins with a description of the clinical manifestations and their causes in the pathology of the small intestine in patients who complain of excessive bloating, recurrent abdominal pain, and violation of the bowel movement with a tendency to relax. Such patients repeatedly return to the doctor. Evidence of a decrease in the activity of disaccharidases in this cohort of patients is presented. The emphasis is placed on the need to study the food history, identify products that provoke a violation of the membrane digestion. The classification of carbohydrates with the indication of products containing them is given. It explains the essence of repeated and non-passing clinical manifestations due to a violation of membrane digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine, which leads to their appearance in the large intestine in different volumes, which is accompanied by the breakdown of carbohydrates with the formation of gases. On the one hand, this is a normal process, but when it gets out of control, the patient goes to the doctor. It describes the essence of a diet with a restriction of carbohydrates – this is the low FODMAP diet and its’ decoding. These products contain oligosaccharides that can be broken down by the enzyme alpha-galactosidase, which is absent in the human body, but is present in the microflora of the large intestine. Advice is given on limiting the intake of such products, both in terms of the frequency of intake and the volume of portions containing them, in order to avoid excessive amounts of intestinal gases, the development of a clinically painful condition. A thorough study of the food history and the necessary correction of eating behavior is the main idea of this part of the article, which is devoted to the same type of clinical picture with different degrees of manifestations of its symptoms.
DIFFERENTIATED SELECTION OF PORTAL VEIN PUNCTION POINT DURING TIPS IN COMBINATION WITH POSTOPERATIVE AUTOGEMOMAGNETOTHERAPY
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, E.V. Mahiliavets , L.F. Vasilchuk ,   Grodno University Clinic, R.E. Yakubcevich ,   Grodno State Medical University, L.N. Nevgen ,   Grodno University Clinic
Published: November 2021

Topicality. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is widely used in the treatment of portal hypertension. However, this procedure has several major potential complications, which include hepatic encephalopathy as well as shunt dysfunction. In this connection, the development of TIPS modifications aimed at reducing the incidence of complications after this procedure seems relevant. Purpose of the study. To study the results of a modified portal vein puncture method, depending on its variant anatomy, as well as the combined use of autohemomagnetotherapy to prevent shunt thrombosis and progression of hepatic encephalopathy during TIPS. Materials and methods. In the course of a prospective randomized controlled study in the period from 2014 to 2020, the results of treatment of 37 patients were studied. Modification of the standard TIPS procedure was performed in the main group of patients: the choice of the optimal puncture point of the portal vein was carried out on the basis of the anatomical variant of the divergence of the right anterior branch of the failures and complications. Autohemomagnetotherapy was performed in the same group after performing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting daily for 5 days. Results and discussion. It was noted that the anatomical variant of the portal vein structure affects the success of TIPS (the correlation coefficient of the variant anatomical type of portal vein branching and the occurrence of technical difficulties in the group of the standard TIPS technique R = 0.81, p = 0.000003). The proposed method of puncture of the portal vein is quite effective for the prevention of this complication. When using the modified TIPS, significantly less progression of hepatic encephalopathy was noted compared to the standard technique. The proposed method allows for the prevention of early thrombosis of shunts and recurrent bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach. Conclusions. The proposed modified method of transjugular portosystemic shunting is effective, available and can be widely used in clinical practice.
Global Emissions of Perfluorocyclobutane (PFC-318, c-C4F8) Resulting from the Use of Hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22) Feedstock to Produce Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and related Fluorochemicals
Authors: Mühle Jens , Kuijpers Lambert J. M. , Stanley Kieran M. , Rigby Matthew , Western Luke M. , Kim Jooil , Park Sunyoung , Harth Christina M. , Krummel Paul B. , Fraser Paul J. , O’Doherty Simon , Salameh Peter K. , Schmidt Roland , Young Dickon , Prinn Ronald G. , Wang Ray H. J. , Weiss Ray F.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Emissions of the potent greenhouse gas perfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8, PFC-318, octafluorocyclobutane) into the global atmosphere inferred from atmospheric measurements have been increasing sharply since the early 2000s. We find that these inferred emissions are highly correlated with the production of hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22, CHClF2) for feedstock (FS) uses, because almost all HCFC-22 FS is pyrolyzed to produce (poly)tetrafluoroethylene ((P)TFE, Teflon) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), a process in which c-C4F8 is a known by-product, causing a significant fraction of global c-C4F8 emissions. We find a global emission factor of ~0.003 kg c-C4F8 per kg of HCFC-22 FS pyrolyzed. Mitigation of these c-C4F8 emissions, e.g., through process optimization, abatement, or different manufacturing processes, such as electrochemical fluorination, could reduce the climate impact of this industry. While it has been shown that c-C4F8 emissions from developing countries dominate global emissions, more atmospheric measurements and/or detailed process statistics are needed to quantify country to facility level c-C4F8 emissions.
Spatiotemporal and cross-scale interactions in hydroclimate variability: a case-study in France
Authors: Fossa Manuel , Dieppois Bastien , Massei Nicolas , Fournier Matthieu , Laignel Benoit , Vidal Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Understanding how water resources vary in response to climate at different temporal and spatial scales is crucial to inform long-term management. Climate change impacts and induced trends may indeed be substantially modulated by low-frequency (multi-year) variations, whose strength varies in time and space, with large consequences for risk forecasting systems. In this study, we present a spatial classification of precipitation, temperature, and discharge variability in France, based on a fuzzy clustering and wavelet spectra of 152 near-natural watersheds between 1958 and 2008. We also explore phase–phase and phase–amplitude causal interactions between timescales of each homogeneous region. A total of three significant timescales of variability are found in precipitation, temperature, and discharge, i.e., 1, 2–4, and 5–8 years. The magnitude of these timescales of variability is, however, not constant over the different regions. For instance, southern regions are markedly different from other regions, with much lower (5–8 years) variability and much larger (2–4 years) variability. Several temporal changes in precipitation, temperature, and discharge variability are identified during the 1980s and 1990s. Notably, in the southern regions of France, we note a decrease in annual temperature variability in the mid 1990s. Investigating cross-scale interactions, our study reveals causal and bi-directional relationships between higher- and lower-frequency variability, which may feature interactions within the coupled land–ocean–atmosphere systems. Interestingly, however, even though time frequency patterns (occurrence and timing of timescales of variability) were similar between regions, cross-scale interactions are far much complex, differ between regions, and are not systematically transferred from climate (precipitation and temperature) to hydrological variability (discharge). Phase–amplitude interactions are indeed absent in discharge variability, although significant phase–amplitude interactions are found in precipitation and temperature. This suggests that watershed characteristics cancel the negative feedback systems found in precipitation and temperature. This study allows for a multi-timescale representation of hydroclimate variability in France and provides unique insight into the complex nonlinear dynamics of this variability and its predictability.
Moho and uppermost mantle structure in the Alpine area from S-to-P converted waves
Authors: Kind Rainer , Schmid Stefan M. , Yuan Xiaohui , Heit Benjamin , Meier Thomas ,   the AlpArray and AlpArray-SWATH-D Working Groups
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In the frame of the AlpArray project we analyse
teleseismic data from permanent and temporary stations of the Alpine region
to study seismic discontinuities down to about 140 km depth. We average
broadband teleseismic S-waveform data to retrieve S-to-P converted signals
from below the seismic stations. In order to avoid processing artefacts, no
deconvolution or filtering is applied, and S arrival times are used as
reference for stacking. We show a number of north–south and east-west
profiles through the Alpine area. The Moho signals are always seen very
clearly, and negative velocity gradients below the Moho depth are also
visible in a number of profiles. A Moho depression is visible along larger
parts of the Alpine chain. It reaches its largest depth of 60 km beneath the
Tauern Window. However, the Moho depression ends abruptly near about
13∘ E below the eastern Tauern Window. This Moho depression may
represent the crustal trench, where the Eurasian lithosphere is subducted
below the Adriatic lithosphere. East of 13∘ E an important
along-strike change occurs; the image of the Moho changes completely. No
Moho deepening is found in this easterly region; instead the Moho bends
up along the contact between the European and the Adriatic lithosphere all
the way to the Pannonian Basin. An important along-strike change was also
detected in the upper mantle structure at about 14∘ E. There, the
lateral disappearance of a zone of negative velocity gradient in the
uppermost mantle indicates that the S-dipping European slab laterally
terminates east of the Tauern Window in the axial zone of the Alps. The area
east of about 13∘ E is known to have been affected by severe
late-stage modifications of the structure of crust and uppermost mantle
during the Miocene when the ALCAPA (Alpine, Carpathian, Pannonian) block was
subject to E-directed lateral extrusion.
Early orthodontists, their challenges, and their significant impact on orofacial myology
Authors:   Speech Dynamics, Inc., Boshart Charlotte
Published: November 2021

“Knowing your history can give you the tools to shape your future.” Gloria Feldt’s insightful quote inspires us to delve into the past and learn from those who came before us. This article chronicles the journey of several individuals who shaped the field of orthodontics and influenced the formation of the specialty of orofacial myology. The early years of orthodontics were challenging. In addition to the struggle to elevate the focus of orthodontics beyond mechanics, there was the challenge to convince academia to deem it worthy of post-graduate study. Dr. Edward H. Angle left his indelible mark on orthodontics and planted seeds regarding the mutual relationship of dentition with oral-facial muscles, respiration, and oral habits. In the mid-1900s, Dr. Walter J. Straub picked up the mantle. His stated quest was to identify and rectify dental relapse. His search led him to investigate allergies, oral habits, bottle feeding, and swallowing. There were others, but primarily as a result of these two men, the International Association of Orofacial Myology (IAOM) was created. Over the past 50 years, the IAOM has continued to grow, evolve, and set the gold standard for excellence in the treatment of orofacial myofunctional disorders.
IAOM President's Greeting 2021: 50th Anniversary Celebration
Authors:   International Association of Orofacial Myology, Chastain Amanda
Published: November 2021

The 50th Anniversary Address delivered by the President of the International Association of Orofacial Myology at the Annual IAOM Convention held online October 22-24, 2021.
Metafory pojęciowe w muzyce współczesnej na przykładzie refleksji i twórczości Györgya Ligetiego
Authors: Schreiber Ewa
Published: November 2021

Powołując się na teorię metafory muzycznej Michaela Spitzera, autorka próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy w muzyce drugiej połowy XX wieku funkcjonuje spójna metafora wewnętrzna (analityczna, związana z muzycznymi kategoriami podstawowymi) oraz zewnętrzna (kulturowa). Wraz z rozwojem technologii nagrywania i przekształcania dźwięku stał się on kategorią dużo bardziej złożoną niż w poprzednich epokach. Pojęcie dźwięku zyskało w tym czasie niespotykaną wcześniej autonomię i dlatego mogło posłużyć jako muzyczna kategoria podstawowa, leżąca u podstaw metafor obecnych w dyskursie kompozytorskim i muzykologicznym oraz w odbiorze muzyki. Metafory pojęciowe w muzyce współczesnej opisane zostały na przykładzie refleksji i twórczości węgierskiego kompozytora, Györgya Ligetiego. Zarysowują się w niej wyraźnie trzy aspekty reprezentatywne dla metaforycznego ujęcia muzyki drugiej połowy XX wieku. Są to: konkretność materii dźwiękowej, struktura pojmowana jako sieć zależności oraz przepływ dźwiękowy. Te trzy obszary korespondują z trzema poziomami myślenia o kompozycji muzycznej. Prowadzą od dźwięku rozumianego jako materiał muzyczny poprzez strukturę wynikającą z konfiguracji dźwięków, aż po czas muzyczny, w którym rozgrywa się kompozycja. W omówieniu tych trzech poziomów uwzględniono zarówno poetykę kompozytorską, którą można zrekonstruować na podstawie licznych wypowiedzi twórcy, jak i interpretacje jego utworów przez muzykologów. Przedstawiona analiza pozwala lepiej zrozumieć, w jaki sposób dokonuje się ucieleśnienie muzyki współczesnej. Prowadzi także do wniosku, że część znajomych schematów wyobrażeniowych odnajdujemy w nowych konfiguracjach, natomiast część wyobrażeń przestrzenno-ruchowych wykracza poza skatalogowane dotychczas, podstawowe metafory życia codziennego. Doświadczenia wsparte działaniem naszej wyobraźni, do których na co dzień nie mamy dostępu, są więc bogatsze, niż myśleliśmy, a muzyka współczesna pozwala nam odkryć ich potencjał.
Metafory sztucznej inteligencji
Authors: Sopek Mirosław
Published: November 2021

Metafory odgrywają w sztucznej inteligencji znaczącą rolę, zarówno w teorii, jak i w praktyce tej dyscypliny. Co więcej, to, w jaki sposób rozumiemy sztuczną inteligencję, jest wynikiem procesu myślowego o głęboko metaforycznym charakterze. Obecność metafor nie jest jednak zauważana ani doceniana przez jej obecnych adeptów, pomimo iż w tradycyjnej, symbolicznej sztucznej inteligencji (zwanej często GOFAI, Good Old Fashioned AI, czyli „staromodną sztuczną inteligencją”) powstawały rozwiązania zdolne do przetwarzania meta-for – ich wykrywania i ujawniania ich dosłownych znaczeń. Pierwszym celem niniejszej publikacji jest przede wszystkim wskazanie i zdefiniowanie metaforycznego charakteru rozumienia SI, gdyż niedostrzeganie jego obecności przyczynia się do wzmacniania nieporozumień dotyczących istoty współczesnej sztucznej inteligencji. Drugim celem publikacji jest opis sposobów, jakimi tradycyjna (symboliczna) sztuczna inteligencja próbowała zmierzyć się z metaforycznym sposobem opisu rzeczywistości, oraz jak tematykę metafor traktuje współczesna sztuczna inteligencja oparta na metodach sztucznych sieci neuronowych i uczenia maszynowego. W podsumowaniu autor postuluje włączenie zagadnień dotyczących metafor zarówno do dydaktyki podstaw teoretycznych (theoria), jak i zastosowań sztucznej inteligencji (praxis).
The technological informavore: Information behavior and digital sustainability in the global platform ecosystem
Authors: Berrío-Zapata Cristian , Ferreira da Silva Ester , Condurú Marise Teles
Published: November 2021

The typical approach to digital sustainability is related to digital business endurance, the persistence of digital records and objects, digital corporate communication and advertising, governance and knowledge access. In this article we offer a different approach, using an ecological perspective that relates the concepts of “informavore” and platforms as “digital ecosystems”, and human information behavior. We also carry out a domain analysis to follow the evolution of digital sustainability and its main discourses. We find that only one very recent article introduced a definition of digital sustainability that was consistent with the ecological approach. Taking that article as a point of inflexion, we complemented its definition of digital sustainability with some new elements. In conclusion we propose several breakthroughs required to advance the understanding of digital sustainability, and use the informavore-information behavior alternative as a basis for proposing some measures for digital sustainability.
Protocols for the Use of a Novel Biofilm-Disrupting Wound Irrigation Solution for Prevention of Surgical-Site Infections After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors:   Northwell Health Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, Knapp Paul , Chen Zhongming ,   Northwell Health Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, Scuderi Giles ,   Northwell Health Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, Mont Michael ,   Northwell Health Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
Published: November 2021

Surgical-site infections are potential complications of total joint arthroplasties. Many strategies, ranging from preoperative to postoperative, have been developed in an attempt to mitigate this morbidity. Biofilms have been implicated in difficulties of treatment. Therefore, antimicrobials have been increasingly used to combat these problems. In this report, we will summarize different protocols which utilize a new antimicrobial solution. Providing surgeons with an effective prevention option for these infections is crucial for positive outcomes and the continued advancement in the practice of total joint arthroplasty.
Evaluation of the ecological precability regarding the apple and plum plantations in Olișcani location, Șoldănești district
Authors:   State Agrarian University of Moldova, Mocanu Emilian , Melnic Rodica ,   State Agrarian University of Moldova, Cazmali Nicolai ,   State Agrarian University of Moldova, Fotescu Mihail ,   State Agrarian University of Moldova, Donici Maxim ,   State Agrarian University of Moldova, Svecla Vasile ,   State Agrarian University of Moldova
Published: November 2021

The results presented refer to the ecological characteristics of apple and plum orchards in Olişcani, Șoldănești district (Republic of Moldova) in order to create agricultural systems – ecological and economic at zonal, microzonal level to maintain soil quality, environment and high productivity. The aim of the research was to examine the abiotic, biotic, favorability and productivity potential factors of the lands suitable for the cultivation of apple and plum fruit species. Apple and plum orchards have specifi c requirements for climate, relief, soil, etc. They have moderate light requirements: they prefer sunny surfaces, but can also grow in partial shade. The leaves and fruits need more light, which in this way acquires a more intense color. Temperatures for apple development are between 13 and 28°C. In hilly areas, with suffi cient humidity and poor heat, the slopes with southern and southwestern exposure are chosen a better quality of fruit, respectively a high sugar content. On the slopes, the middle third is preferred, avoiding the upper third with eroded soil and strong winds, as well as the lower third with excess air and water currents. In the area of hills with an altitude of 300–350 m, the plantations can be located on slopes with western, eastern or even northern exposure, preferably on the middle and lower third of the slope. In the dry steppe and forest-steppe areas, the slopes with north-western and north-eastern exposure are preferred, the orchards being located at their base or even on the valleys without cold currents. The complexity of the problems includes the research of the natural and real components of the agricultural environment in relation to the climate, relief, rock and soil factors for the foundation of fruit plantations with high productivity and the maintenance of the ecological stability.
Possibilities of using representatives of the genus Fuchsia L. from the collection of the “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute) as outdoor ornamental plants in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute), Republic of Moldova, Toderas Natalia
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the possibility of using representatives of the genus Fuchsia L. as outdoor ornamental plants, in summer, in container gardening. The main features of vegetative propagation of several species and hybrids of this genus have been identifi ed. The most promising ones have been identifi ed and evaluated.
Introducción al cultivo de hongos comestibles
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Montenegro Ignacio , Stuardo Cristian
Published: November 2021

En el capítulo referido a “El reino fungi” se hará una breve introducción al mundo fungi, para en el siguiente introducirse en su cultivo. Se revisarán los orígenes de los hongos en la Tierra, lo que se ha estudiado sobre los hongos en la actualidad, los usos tradicionales y las aplicaciones modernas de estos organismos, tomando como ejemplo algunas iniciativas desarrolladas en Chile. Mientras que en el capítulo “Los hongos comestibles” se presenta el cultivo de hongos y sus etapas, específicamente el cultivo del hongo ostra o gírgola (Pleurotus ostreatus).
Acute Medicine and Pandemics: Getting It Right Next Time!
Authors:   Visiting Professor & Clinical Lecturer, Bolton University, Holland M
Published: November 2021

For those of you who are not aware of what GIRFT (Getting It Right First Time) is, let me start by saying it is a brilliant idea, genius perhaps. The vision of its founder, Professor Tim Briggs CBE, was to optimise orthopaedic care by using the most clinically and cost effective treatments, minimising waste, reducing variation and eliminating poor practice. Since 2014 in orthopaedics alone, operational and financial opportunities to save the NHS £696 million have been generated. Acute medicine, coupled with general medicine, has been part of the GIRFT programme since 2017. The mischievous reader might question the name, as clearly this is about getting things right at the second time of asking at the very earliest. Apart from that pedantic note, GIRFT is a force for good.