bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bloom of the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii on the gorgonian coral Annella reticulata in Japan
Authors: Yamashiro Hideyuki , Isomura Naoko , Sakai Kazuhiko
Published: August 2014

Coral populations are in decline due to environmental changes and biological attacks by predators and infectious diseases. Here, we report a localized bloom of the benthic filamentous cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii (formerly Lyngbya bouillonii) observed exclusively on the gorgonian (sea fan) coral Annella reticulata at around 20 m depth in Japan. The degree of infection has reached 26% among different sizes of Annella colonies. Thick and continuous growth of Moorea may be sustained partly by symbiotic alpheid shrimp, which affix Moorea filaments to gorgonian corals for use as food and shelter. Most filaments get entangled on the coral colony, some penetrate into the stem of the coral with a swollen end like a root hair, which appears to function as an anchor in Annella. In addition to the cyanobacterium–shrimp interaction, the new trait of anchoring by the cyanobacterium into gorgonian coral may contribute to persistence of this bloom.
Exome sequencing identifies frequent mutation of MLL2 in non–small cell lung carcinoma from Chinese patients
Authors: Yin Shanye , Yang Jing , Lin Bin , Deng Wenjun , Zhang Yuchao , Yi Xianfu , Shi Yufang , Tao Yong , Cai Jun , Wu Chung-I , Zhao Guoping , Hurst Laurence D. , Zhang Jie , Hu Landian , Kong Xiangyin
Published: August 2014

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with an estimated 1.4 million deaths each year. Here we report whole-exome sequencing of nine tumor/normal tissue pairs from Chinese patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). This allows us to identify a number of significantly mutated genes in NSCLC, which were highly enriched in DNA damage repair, NF-κB pathway, JAK/STAT signaling and chromatin modification. Notably, we identify a histone-lysine methyltransferase gene, namely, MLL2, as one of the most significantly mutated genes in our screen. In a following validation study, we identify deleterious mutations of MLL2 in 12 out of 105 (11.4%) NSCLC patients. Additionally, reduced or lost expression of MLL2 was commonly observed in tumor tissues as compared with paired adjacent non-tumor tissues regardless of mutation status. Together, our study defines the landscape of somatic mutations in Chinese NSCLC and supports the role of MLL2 mutation in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Hydrogenation of amides catalyzed by a combined catalytic system of a Ru complex with a zinc salt
Authors: Kita Yusuke , Higuchi Takafumi , Mashima Kazushi
Published: August 2014

Hydrogenation of unactivated amides has been achieved by using the combined catalytic system of a ruthenium catalyst with a zinc salt.
Low temperature activation of methane over a zinc-exchanged heteropolyacid as an entry to its selective oxidation to methanol and acetic acid
Authors: Patil Umesh , Saih Youssef , Abou-Hamad Edy , Hamieh Ali , Pelletier Jérémie D. A. , Basset Jean Marie
Published: August 2014

A zinc-exchanged heteropolyacid as an entry to selective oxidation of methane to methanol and acetic acid.
Molecular crystals by design?
Authors: Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: August 2014

In this Viewpoint, the impact of the paper published by Gautam R. Desiraju and Angelo Gavezzotti (J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 621) upon the development ofCrystal Engineering, now recognised a key discipline in contemporary chemical/pharmaceutical/materials science, is discussed.
Intermolecular anagostic interactions in group 10 metal dithiocarbamates
Authors: Gupta Ajit N. , Kumar Vinod , Singh Vikram , Manar Krishna K. , Drew Michael G. B. , Singh Nanhai
Published: August 2014

The effects of substituents on the dithiocarbamate backbone on novel C–H⋯M and C–H⋯CG(CS2M) (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) interactions have been investigated.
Morphological effect of gold nanoparticles on the adsorption of bovine serum albumin
Authors: Chaudhary Abhishek , Gupta Abhishek , Khan Syamantak , Nandi Chayan Kanti
Published: August 2014

The role of morphology and surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles in the adsorption of bovine serum albumin.
On the scaling behavior of electric conductivity in [C4mim][NTf2]
Authors: Wojnarowska Z. , Jarosz G. , Grzybowski A. , Pionteck J. , Jacquemin J. , Paluch M.
Published: August 2014

In this work we examine, for the first time, the molar conductivity behavior of the deeply supercooled room temperature ionic liquid [C4mim][NTf2] in the temperature, pressure and volume thermodynamic space in terms of density scaling regime (TVγ)−1 combined with the equation of state (EOS).
Multi-scale modeling of electronic spectra of three aromatic amino acids: importance of conformational averaging and explicit solute–solvent interactions
Authors: Štěpánek Petr , Bouř Petr
Published: August 2014

Electronic spectra provide a wealth of information on molecular structures. We demonstrate a very satisfactory agreement between experimental and modeled spectra, as obtained by combined molecular mechanics/quantum mechanics computations for three aromatic amino acids.
Enhancing oxygen reduction reaction activity of Pt-shelled catalystsviasubsurface alloying
Authors: Cheng Daojian , Qiu Xiangguo , Yu Haiyan
Published: August 2014

DFT calculations show that Pt-shelled catalysts by subsurface alloying could be very active for oxygen reduction reaction.
Destabilization effect of transition metal fluorides on sodium borohydride
Authors: Kalantzopoulos Georgios N. , Guzik Matylda N. , Deledda Stefano , Heyn Richard H. , Muller Jiri , Hauback Bjørn C.
Published: August 2014

Ball-milling sodium borohydride with transition metal fluorides significantly lowers the onset temperature of hydrogen release.
MoO2@carbon hollow microspheres with tunable interiors and improved lithium-ion battery anode properties
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Ji Wenxu , Liang Jiyuan , Peng Luming , Hou Wenhua
Published: August 2014

MoO2 hollow microspheres with tunable inner space have been synthesized through a hydrothermal process using MoO3 microbelts instead of bulk MoO3 as the precursor.
The biosafety of lanthanide upconversion nanomaterials
Authors: Sun Yun , Feng Wei , Yang Pengyuan , Huang Chunhui , Li Fuyou
Published: August 2014

The association between the chemo-physical properties of UCNPs and their biodistribution, excretion, and toxic effects is presented in this review.
Femtosecond spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations of CuCl42− excited states
Authors: Golubeva Elena N. , Zubanova Ekaterina M. , Melnikov Michail Ya. , Gostev Fedor E. , Shelaev Ivan V. , Nadtochenko Victor A.
Published: August 2014

Photoinduced processes of tetrahexylammonium tetrachlorocuprate [(C6H13)4N]2CuIICl4 in chloro-organic solvents were investigated by steady state photolysis and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as TD-DFT calculations of excited terms.
Synthesis of peroxo-titanium decorated H-titanate-nanotube-based hierarchical microspheres with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity in degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Qiu Yong , Li Xinjun
Published: August 2014

Peroxo-titanium decorated H-titanate-nanotube-based hierarchical microspheres were prepared by a hydrothermal method, and they exhibited enhanced visible-light activity.
Formation, structural characterization, and reactions of a unique cyclotrimeric vicinal Lewis pair containing (C6F5)2P-Lewis base and (C6F5)BH-Lewis acid components
Authors: Erdmann Markus , Wiegand Thomas , Blumenberg Jonas , Eckert Hellmut , Ren Jinjun , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: August 2014

A unique vicinal Lewis pair cyclotrimer has been synthesized and characterized with respect to its structure and reactivity.
Cost-efficient clamping solar cells using candle soot for hole extraction from ambipolar perovskites
Authors: Wei Zhanhua , Yan Keyou , Chen Haining , Yi Ya , Zhang Teng , Long Xia , Li Jinkai , Zhang Lixia , Wang Jiannong , Yang Shihe
Published: August 2014

11.02% efficient perovskite solar cells are made by simply clamping electrodes and by using candle soot for hole extraction.
Selective inhibitors of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) with a xanthine scaffold
Authors: Jansen Koen , De Winter Hans , Heirbaut Leen , Cheng Jonathan D. , Joossens Jurgen , Lambeir Anne-Marie , De Meester Ingrid , Augustyns Koen , Van der Veken Pieter
Published: August 2014

The first selective, non-peptide derived inhibitors of FAP are presented.
Synthesis of 1-O-acetylbritannilactone analogues from Inula britannica and in vitro evaluation of their anticancer potential
Authors: Tang Jiang-Jiang , Dong Shuai , Han Yang-Yang , Lei Ming , Gao Jin-Ming
Published: August 2014

A series of novel ABL analogues was synthesized by N/O-atom installing and aromatic ring esterifying, and 4a showed in vitro markedly anticancer activities against HeLa cells associated with induction of apoptosis, activation of caspase-3 and G2/M cell arrest.
An azumamide C analogue without the zinc-binding functionality
Authors: Villadsen Jesper S. , Kitir Betül , Wich Kathrine , Friis Tina , Madsen Andreas S. , Olsen Christian A.
Published: August 2014

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have attracted considerable attention due to their promise as therapeutic agents.
Non-classical β-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors-towards novel anti-mycobacterials
Authors: von Gnielinski Natascha , Nienaber Lisa , Mason Lyndel , Ellis Samantha , Triccas James A. , Davis Rohan A. , Hofmann Andreas
Published: August 2014

Mycobacterial carbonic anhydrases, such as the essential protein Rv3588c, are attractive drug targets since they constitute a different class of carbonic anhydrases than those found in humans.
Oxygen vacancy diffusion in bare ZnO nanowires
Authors: Deng Bei , Luisa da Rosa Andreia , Frauenheim Th. , Xiao J. P. , Shi X. Q. , Zhang R. Q. , Van Hove Michel A.
Published: August 2014

Oxygen vacancies (VO) are known to be common native defects in zinc oxide (ZnO) and to play important roles in many applications.
Fluorescent PEGylation agent by a thiolactone-based one-pot reaction: a new strategy for theranostic combinations
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Yang Bin , Zhang Yaling , Wang Shiqi , Fu Changkui , Wei Yen , Tao Lei
Published: August 2014

A new strategy to facilely synthesize multifunctional polymers with both fluorescent and protein reactive groups has been successfully developed using the thiolactone-based one-pot reaction.
Ultrasound-activated decafluoropentane-cored and chitosan-shelled nanodroplets for oxygen delivery to hypoxic cutaneous tissues
Authors: Magnetto Chiara , Prato Mauro , Khadjavi Amina , Giribaldi Giuliana , Fenoglio Ivana , Jose Jithin , Gulino Giulia Rossana , Cavallo Federica , Quaglino Elena , Benintende Emilio , Varetto Gianfranco , Troia Adriano , Cavalli Roberta , Guiot Caterina
Published: August 2014

Ultrasound-activated decafluoropentane/chitosan nanodroplets effectively release oxygen to the skin.
Shape tailored Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4nano-flakes simulating 3-D bouquet-like structures for supercapacitors: exploring the effect of electrolytes on stability and performance
Authors: Joseph Jickson , Rajagopalan Ranjusha , Anoop S. S. , Amruthalakshmi V. , Ajay Amrutha , Nair Shantikumar V. , Balakrishnan Avinash
Published: August 2014

3-D bouquets of nickel hydroxide nitrate were processed into high surface area electrodes for supercapacitor applications.
Phosphorous acid route synthesis of iron tavorite phases, LiFePO4(OH)xF1−x [0 ≤ x ≤ 1] and comparative study of their electrochemical activities
Authors: Yaghoobnejad Asl Hooman , Choudhury Amitava
Published: August 2014

A new synthesis route involving phosphorous acid is reported for pure hydroxo- and fluoro iron tavorite and their electrochemical activities as a function of fluoride-substitution has been demonstrated.
High-quality ZnO nanorod based flexible devices for electronic and biological applications
Authors: Reddy N. Koteeswara , Devika M. , Tu C. W.
Published: August 2014

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods grown by simple three-step process on flexible sheets exhibit excellent diode performance even at fold state.
Boron nitride nanosheets with controlled size and thickness for enhancing mechanical properties and atomic oxygen erosion resistance
Authors: Liu Lei , Shen Zhigang , Zheng Yiting , Yi Min , Zhang Xiaojing , Ma Shulin
Published: August 2014

Boron nitride nanosheets exhibited excellent stability and can form three-dimension layered covering to protect underlying polymer from atomic oxygen erosion, and ones of relatively uniform size can promote the formation of “zipper cracks”.
Interfacial mechanical testing of atomic layer deposited TiO2 and Al2O3 on a silicon substrate by the use of embedded SiO2 microspheres
Authors: Lyytinen J. , Berdova M. , Hirvonen P. , Liu X. W. , Franssila S. , Zhou Q. , Koskinen J.
Published: August 2014

A novel measurement technique is presented for interfacial mechanical evaluation of especially atomic layer deposited (ALD) thin films.
Fabrication of micro-optical elements on curved substrates by electrostatic induced lithography
Authors: Li H. , Yu W. , Wang T. , Zhang H. , Niu W. , Abraham E. , Desmulliez M. P. Y.
Published: August 2014

This article reports the fabrication and characterization of polymeric micro-optical elements on curved substrates using electrostatic induced lithography.
Rational design and synthesis of covalent organic polymers with hollow structure and excellent antibacterial efficacy
Authors: Sun Zhiyong , Li Yangxue , Guan Xingang , Chen Li , Jing Xiabin , Xie Zhigang
Published: August 2014

A covalent organic polymer with hollow structure (COP-H) has been synthesizedviaSonogashira coupling from the precursors containing positive charge.
Computational studies on nitramino derivatives of 1-amino-1,2-azaboriridine as high energetic material
Authors: Singh Hari Ji , Gupta Satyendra , Sengupta S. K.
Published: August 2014

DFT calculations performed on 1-amino-2,3,3-trinitramino-1,2-azaboriridine show it to be a potential high energetic material with detonation performance comparable to HMX.
Development of a highly sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of carvedilol in pharmaceutical and urine samples
Authors: Shariati-Rad Masoud , Irandoust Mohsen , Sheikhi Sara
Published: August 2014

A simple, sensitive, selective, accurate and cost-effective spectrophotometric method for the determination of CAR in pharmaceutical and urine samples was developed.
Gluconolactone induces cellulase gene expression in cellulolytic filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Kou Yanbo , Xu Jintao , Cao Yanli , Lv Xinxing , Zhao Guolei , Chen Guanjun , Zhang Weixin , liu Weifeng
Published: August 2014

Gluconolactone, an inhibitor of β-glucosidase, is capable of inducing cellulase gene expression in cellulolytic filamentous fungusTrichoderma reesei.
TiO2–mesoporous silica nanocomposites: cooperative effect in the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and drugs
Authors: Zaccariello G. , Moretti E. , Storaro L. , Riello P. , Canton P. , Gombac V. , Montini T. , Rodríguez-Castellón E. , Benedetti A.
Published: August 2014

Titania nanoparticles were confined inside the pore channels of preformed mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for the photodegradation of dyes and drugs.
Advanced amorphous nanoporous stannous oxide composite with carbon nanotubes as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Wenjuan , Zeng Weiyao , Ma Zengsheng , Pan Yong , Lin Jianguo , Lu Chunsheng
Published: August 2014

Good electronic conductivity and mechanical properties are obtained by introducing CNTs into an ANSO@CNTs anode material. The anode possesses a super cycling performance and a high rate capability because the porous structure facilitates liquid electrolyte diffusion into active materials.
Lanthano-phosphotungstate: A water soluble and reusable catalyst for oxidation of alcohols using H2O2 as an oxidant
Authors: Saini Mukesh Kumar , Gupta Rakesh , Parbhakar Swati , Singh Surendra , Hussain Firasat
Published: August 2014

Oxidation of alcohols using H2O2 to corresponding carbonyl compounds in good yields for lanthano-phosphotungstates catalysts and its recyclability up to five cycles was envisaged in water.
Regio and stereoselective synthesis of β-keto functionalized C-glycosides via iron catalyzed Ferrier rearrangement reactions
Authors: Tan Hong Yee , Xiang Shaohua , Leng Wei Lin , Liu Xue-Wei
Published: August 2014

An efficient iron-catalyzed C-glycosylation method has been established. Starting from glycals and β-keto acids, a wide range of β-keto-functionalized 2,3-unsaturated C-glycosides have been synthesized in moderate to good yields with reasonable selectivities via decarboxylative Ferrier rearrangement reaction.
High performance pure sulfur honeycomb-like architectures synthesized by a cooperative self-assembly strategy for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liang Xin , Kaiser Mohammad , Konstantinov Konstantin , Tandiono Richard , Wang Zhaoxiang , Liu Hua-Kun , Dou Shi-Xue , Wang Jiazhao
Published: August 2014

Honeycomb-like pure sulfur architectures were synthesized by a cooperative self-assembly strategy for improving electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries.
Copper catalysed [3 + 2] cycloaddition with concomitant annulation: formation of 2,4-diaryl-1,4-oxazepan-7-ones via a ketenimine route
Authors: Kaladevi Selvam , Thirupathi Arumugam , Sridhar Jeyaraman , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam
Published: August 2014

A novel strategy of copper catalyzed cascade reaction involving intramolecular nucleophilic addition to N-sulfonylketenimine gratifyingly furnishing 1,4-diaryl oxazepan-7-one has been described.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for distributed containment control of multi‐agent systems without velocity measurement
Authors: Xu Chengjie , Zheng Ying , Su Housheng , Zhang Changfan , Chen Michael Z.Q.
Published: August 2014

This study investigates the distributed containment control for second‐order multi‐agent systems with multiple stationary or dynamic leaders based on only position information. Based on stability and algebraic graph theories, some necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained. Firstly, when the leaders are stationary, a necessary and sufficient condition is given to guarantee that all followers will ultimately converge to the stationary convex hull spanned by the stationary leaders for arbitrary initial states. The containment control protocol is designed based on a distributed filter, which is used for estimating the neighbours’ velocities of each follower. Secondly, when each leader is dynamic with constant velocity, using sampled current and outdated position data, a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained to drive the followers into the dynamic convex hull spanned by the dynamic leaders. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the proposed theories.
Distributed consensus protocol design for general linear multi‐agent systems: a consensus region approach
Authors: Li Zhongkui , Duan Zhisheng
Published: August 2014

This study presents a consensus region approach to designing distributed consensus protocols for multi‐agent systems with general continuous‐time linear node dynamics. The consensus region approach has a favourable decoupling feature, which decouples the design of the feedback gain matrices of the consensus protocols from the communication graph. Multi‐step algorithms are presented to construct the fixed‐gain consensus protocols, which requires the smallest non‐zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix. To remove this limitation, distributed adaptive protocols with time‐varying coupling weights are designed for the cases with undirected and directed graphs, which can be implemented in a fully distributed fashion. The robustness issue of the adaptive protocols in the presence of external disturbances is also discussed. For the case where there exists a leader of bounded unknown control input, distributed discontinuous and continuous controllers are designed to solve the distributed tracking problem.
Consensus in Markovian jump second‐order multi‐agent systems with random communication delay
Authors: Yi Jing‐Wen , Wang Yan‐Wu , Xiao Jiang‐Wen
Published: August 2014

In this study, the consensus problem for a class of second‐order multi‐agent systems (MASs) with Markovian characterisations is investigated. The stochastic switching topology and the random communication delay are dominated by two mutually independent Markov chains. The communication delay exists in the switching signal as well as the position information exchanges in the authors’ work. A novel consensus protocol is presented without using the neighbours’ velocity information. By performing three steps of model transformation and introducing a mapping for the two independent Markov chains, the original system is converted into an expanded analogous error system with two Markovian jumping parameters. A necessary and sufficient criterion for the mean square consensus of the Markovian jump second‐order MASs with random communication delay is derived. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the theoretical result.
Online approximate optimal control for affine non‐linear systems with unknown internal dynamics using adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Yang Xiong , Liu Derong , Wei Qinglai
Published: August 2014

In this study, a novel online adaptive dynamic programming (ADP)‐based algorithm is developed for solving the optimal control problem of affine non‐linear continuous‐time systems with unknown internal dynamics. The present algorithm employs an observer–critic architecture to approximate the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. Two neural networks (NNs) are used in this architecture: an NN state observer is constructed to estimate the unknown system dynamics and a critic NN is designed to derive the optimal control instead of typical action–critic dual networks employed in traditional ADP algorithms. Based on the developed architecture, the observer NN and the critic NN are tuned simultaneously. Meanwhile, unlike existing tuning laws for the critic, the newly developed critic update rule not only ensures convergence of the critic to the optimal control but also guarantees stability of the closed‐loop system. No initial stabilising control is required, and by using recorded and instantaneous data simultaneously for the adaptation of the critic, the restrictive persistence of excitation condition is relaxed. In addition, Lyapunov direct method is utilised to demonstrate the uniform ultimate boundedness of the weights of the observer NN and the critic NN. Finally, an example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the present approach.
Multi‐Step probabilistic sets in model predictive control for stochastic systems with multiplicative uncertainty
Authors: Li Jiwei , Li Dewei , Xi Yugeng
Published: August 2014

This study designs a model predictive controller for linear, discrete‐time, stochastic systems with multiplicative noise and probabilistic constraints. The probabilistic invariance has shown its advantage in characterising the stochastic dynamics of the controlled state. Here multi‐step probabilistic sets strengthen probabilistic invariance to further satisfy infinite‐horizon probabilistic constraints. In addition, multi‐step probabilistic sets offer some degrees of freedom to enlarge the feasible region ensured by probabilistic invariance. The controller satisfies given constraints and guarantees closed‐loop mean‐square stability. Moreover, a simplified controller with lower on‐line computational burden is presented. Numerical examples show the performance of the proposed approach.
Reverse conducting lateral insulated‐gate bipolar transistors with a non‐local band‐to‐band tunnelling junction
Authors: Fu Qiang , Zhang Bo , Qiao Ming , Li Xuan , Luo Xiaorong , Li Zhaoji
Published: August 2014

A new reverse conducting lateral insulated‐gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) structure with a non‐local band‐to‐band tunnelling junction is proposed and its operating principle is demonstrated in detail for a power‐switching device. By utilising the reverse bias characteristics of the tunnelling junction, the proposed LIGBT can operate successfully in the freewheeling diode mode without an external anti‐parallel diode. Analysis has illustrated that the proposed LIGBT can achieve a reverse knee voltage of −1 V and a lower reverse conduction voltage drop of −1.4 V at a current density of 100 A/cm2. It also shows a good temperature effect on the forward and reverse current. Moreover, it exhibits a better soft reverse recovery performance and about two times higher soft factor than the lateral P‐i‐N diode.
Measuring the strong electrostatic and magnetic fields with proton radiography for ultra-high intensity laser channeling on fast ignition
Authors: Uematsu Y. , Ivancic S. , Iwawaki T. , Habara H. , Lei A. L. , Theobald W. , Tanaka K. A.
Published: August 2014

In order to investigate the intense laser propagation and channel formation in dense plasma, we conducted an experiment with proton deflectometry on the OMEGA EP Laser facility. The proton image was analyzed by tracing the trajectory of mono-energetic protons, which provides understanding the electric and magnetic fields that were generated around the channel. The estimated field strengths (E ∼ 1011 V/m and B ∼ 108 G) agree with the predictions from 2D-Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, indicating the feasibility of the proton deflectometry technique for over-critical density plasma.
Decrement of toxic emission from direct injection engine by using animal fat biodiesel and cooled-exhaust gas recirculation system
Authors: Choi Seung Hun , Oh Young Taig
Published: August 2014

This investigation presents the experimental results of a direct injection engine running on lard BD (biodiesel) blends and running on commercial diesel fuel by the cooled EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) method and evaluates the overall performance and exhaust emission characteristics of the engine under various engine operations. Moreover, the direct effect of the properties of the lard BD blends on the particle size distribution of the exhaust smoke emission after burning of the injected fuel was investigated by SEM analysis. Particle size reduced significantly with the lard BD blends, which can be attributed to the more complete combustion of lard BD blends than diesel fuel. Engine performance reduced slightly with EGR due to the lower calorific values of the lard BD blends; but thermal efficiency was not affected significantly. NOx evidently decreased with use of lard BD blends with EGR. The NOx reduction rate was much higher than the smoke increase rate with EGR. The optimal EGR region was found for every lard BD blend using the data on the simultaneous reduction of NOx and smoke.
X-ray crystal spectrometer upgrade for ITER-like wall experiments at JET
Authors: Shumack A. E. , Rzadkiewicz J. , Chernyshova M. , Jakubowska K. , Scholz M. , Byszuk A. , Cieszewski R. , Czarski T. , Dominik W. , Karpinski L. , Kasprowicz G. , Pozniak K. , Wojenski A. , Zabolotny W. , Conway N. J. , Dalley S. , Figueiredo J. , Nakano T. , Tyrrell S. , Zastrow K.-D. , Zoita V. ,   JET EFDA Contributors
Published: August 2014

The high resolution X-Ray crystal spectrometer at the JET tokamak has been upgraded with the main goal of measuring the tungsten impurity concentration. This is important for understanding impurity accumulation in the plasma after installation of the JET ITER-like wall (main chamber: Be, divertor: W). This contribution provides details of the upgraded spectrometer with a focus on the aspects important for spectral analysis and plasma parameter calculation. In particular, we describe the determination of the spectrometer sensitivity: important for impurity concentration determination.
Branches of electrostatic turbulence inside solitary plasma structures in the auroral ionosphere
Authors: Golovchanskaya Irina V. , Kozelov Boris V. , Chernyshov Alexander A. , Mogilevsky Mikhail M. , Ilyasov Askar A.
Published: August 2014

The excitation of electrostatic turbulence inside space-observed solitary structures is a central topic of this exposition. Three representative solitary structures observed in the topside auroral ionosphere as large-amplitude nonlinear signatures in the electric field and magnetic-field-aligned current on the transverse scales of ∼102–103 m are evaluated by the theories of electrostatic wave generation in inhomogeneous background configurations. A quantitative analysis shows that the structures are, in general, effective in destabilizing the inhomogeneous energy-density-driven (IEDD) waves, as well as of the ion acoustic waves modified by a shear in the parallel drift of ions. It is demonstrated that the dominating branch of the electrostatic turbulence is determined by the interplay of various driving sources inside a particular solitary structure. The sources do not generally act in unison, so that their common effect may be inhibiting for excitation of electrostatic waves of a certain type. In the presence of large magnetic-field-aligned current, which is not correlated to the inhomogeneous electric field inside the structure, the ion-acoustic branch becomes dominating. In other cases, the IEDD instability is more central.
Electromagnetic effects on geodesic acoustic modes
Authors: Bashir M. F. , Smolyakov A. I. , Elfimov A. G. , Melnikov A. V. , Murtaza G.
Published: August 2014

By using the full electromagnetic drift kinetic equations for electrons and ions, the general dispersion relation for geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) is derived incorporating the electromagnetic effects. It is shown that m = 1 harmonic of the GAM mode has a finite electromagnetic component. The electromagnetic corrections appear for finite values of the radial wave numbers and modify the GAM frequency. The effects of plasma pressure βe, the safety factor q, and the temperature ratio τ on GAM dispersion are analyzed.
A comparative account of quantum dynamics of the H+ + H2 reaction at low temperature on two different potential energy surfaces
Authors: Rao T. Rajagopala , Mahapatra S. , Honvault P.
Published: August 2014

Rotationally resolved reaction probabilities, integral cross sections, and rate constant for the H+ + H2 (v = 0, j = 0 or 1) → H2 (v′ = 0, j′) + H+ reaction are calculated using a time-independent quantum mechanical method and the potential energy surface of Kamisaka et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 654 (2002)] (say KBNN PES). All partial wave contributions of the total angular momentum, J, are included to obtain converged cross sections at low collision energies and rate constants at low temperatures. In order to test the accuracy of the KBNN PES, the results obtained here are compared with those obtained in our earlier work [P. Honvault et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 023201 (2011)] using the accurate potential energy surface of Velilla et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 084307 (2008)]. Integral cross sections and rate constants obtained on the two potential energy surfaces considered here show remarkable differences in terms of magnitude and dependence on collision energy (or temperature) which can be attributed to the differences observed in the topography of the surfaces near to the entrance channel. This clearly shows the inadequacy of the KBNN PES for calculations at low collision energies.
Nematic-smectic transition of parallel hard spheroellipsoids
Authors: Vesely Franz J.
Published: August 2014

Spheroellipsoids are truncated ellipsoids with spherical end caps. If gradients are assumed to change smoothly at the junction of body and cap, the truncation height z0 determines the geometry uniquely. The resulting model particle has only two shape parameters, namely, the aspect ratio c/a of the basic ellipsoid and the cutoff z0/a. These two parameters can be tuned to yield a continuous transformation between a pure ellipsoid and a spherocylinder. Since parallel hard spherocylinders display a nematic-smectic A phase transition, while ellipsoids do not, the influence of the particle shape on the possibility of a smectic phase may be investigated. A density functional analysis is used to detect the dividing line, in the (c/a, z0/a) plane, between the presence and absence of the N-S transition. Since spheroellipsoids may be useful as generic model particles for anisotropic molecules, we provide a computationally efficient overlap criterion for a pair in a general, non-parallel configuration.
The flux-coordinate independent approach applied to X-point geometries
Authors: Hariri F. , Hill P. , Ottaviani M. , Sarazin Y.
Published: August 2014

A Flux-Coordinate Independent (FCI) approach for anisotropic systems, not based on magnetic flux coordinates, has been introduced in Hariri and Ottaviani [Comput. Phys. Commun. 184, 2419 (2013)]. In this paper, we show that the approach can tackle magnetic configurations including X-points. Using the code FENICIA, an equilibrium with a magnetic island has been used to show the robustness of the FCI approach to cases in which a magnetic separatrix is present in the system, either by design or as a consequence of instabilities. Numerical results are in good agreement with the analytic solutions of the sound-wave propagation problem. Conservation properties are verified. Finally, the critical gain of the FCI approach in situations including the magnetic separatrix with an X-point is demonstrated by a fast convergence of the code with the numerical resolution in the direction of symmetry. The results highlighted in this paper show that the FCI approach can efficiently deal with X-point geometries.
Mutation particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving the optimal operation model of thermal power plants
Authors: Biao Shi , Chang hua Hu , Xin hua Yu , Chuan He
Published: August 2014

To solve joint optimization scheduling problem of thermal power plants based on the electricity market, the constraints and characteristics of optimal operation of thermal power plants are analyzed. From the perspective of economics and environmental science, we propose and establish an electricity market based joint optimization scheduling model of thermal power plants. Mutation particle swarm optimization algorithm (MPSO) is proposed to solve the model. Using an authentication instance, we compare and analyze the performances of the MPSO method and the mixed integer programming (MIP) method in solving the model. Further, considering a commonly used system, we show the efficiency of the MPSO method in solving the model; we apply two case studies to illustrate the performance of the MPSO method in solving the thermal unit commitment (UC) problem. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the MPSO method in solving the UC problem, we use MPSO method, PSO-LR (Lagrangian relaxation) [H. H. Balci and J. Valenzuela, Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. 14(3), 411–421 (1989)], improved PSO [B. Zhao et al., Elect. Power Energy Syst. 28, 482–490 (2006)], mimetic algorithm [J. Valenzuela and A. Smith, J. Heuristics 8(2), 173–195 (2002)], adaptive LR [W. Ongsakul and N. Petcharaks, IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 19(1), 620–628 (2004)], stochastic priority list (PL) [T. Senjyu et al., Electr. Power Syst. Res. 76, 283–292 (2006)], PL based evolutionary algorithm [D. Srinivasan and J. Chazelas, in International Conference on Power System Technology (2004), Vol. 90, pp. 1746–1751], enhanced adaptive LR [W. Ongsakul and N. Petcharaks, IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 19(1), 620–628 (2004)], mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) [M. Carrin and J. M. Arroyo, IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 21(1), 321–332 (2006)], MILP [G. Morales-Espana et al., IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 28, 4897 (2013)], NBD [T. Niknam et al., Appl. Energy 86, 1667–1674 (2009)], generalized new benders decomposition approach (NBD) [S. Rahimi et al., World Appl. Sci. J. 6(12), 1665–1672 (2009)], LR and genetic algorithm[C. P. Cheng et al., IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 15(2), 707–714 (2000)], and seeded memetic algorithm (SMA) [J. Valenzuela and A. Smith, J. Heuristics 8(2), 173–195 (2002)] to solve the UC problem, simulation results are compared with the ones obtained by other methods. It is shown that the optimal operation model is right, the MPSO method is better than MIP method in solving the model, and they have universality. The effectiveness of the MPSO method in solving the UC problem is better than other methods. The MPSO method has better solutions in comparison with other methods, especially for systems with a large number of units.
Research on fault ride-through capacity of direct driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator under grid asymmetric faults
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Cheng Zhizhuang , Guo Yongji , Wang Xiaolan
Published: August 2014

The problem that negative sequence component of dc-link voltage will produce second oscillation under grid asymmetric faults for direct driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator (D-PMSG) has been paid more attentions in recent years. In this paper, a new control strategy to eliminate the influence of negative sequence component to dc-link voltage is proposed by delaying 60° for the single-phase voltage to construct balanced three-phase voltage. The current feed forward is applied to inner loop, while the voltage control is used to outer loop for grid-side converter, where the dc-link voltage is stabilized. The power congestion on dc side of D-PMSG under grid asymmetric faults is solved by using the energy discharge circuit. Besides, the improved minimum energy compensation strategy is embed into the dynamic voltage restorer, which can provide the maximum reactive power support for system and compensate the faulty line voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by simulation results.
Optimized combination of intrinsic and form birefringence in oriented LaPO4 nanorod assemblies
Authors: Kim Jongwook , Martinelli Lucio , Lahlil Khalid , Boilot Jean-Pierre , Gacoin Thierry , Peretti Jacques
Published: August 2014

The birefringence of colloidal nematic suspensions and thin films of aligned LaPO4 nanorods is quantitatively studied. Single crystalline hexagonal hydrated-LaPO4 nanorods are synthesized with the c-axis along the rod long dimension. Films are prepared on a glass substrate by blade coating deposition from concentrated colloidal suspensions of rods, allowing for their alignment through the effect of shear stress. The obtained material exhibits a high degree of rod alignment and a resulting high birefringence (Δn ≈ 0.13). This remarkable value is shown to result from the optimized combination of both the intrinsic birefringence originating from the rod crystalline anisotropy and the form birefringence due to the high rod aspect ratio. The birefringence is measured over the spectral range between 250 nm and 2000 nm and is found to be almost constant while the material transmittance is close to unity. In the highly oriented soft state of colloidal rod suspension, the form birefringence, although reduced by a weakened refractive index contrast between the rods and the surrounding medium (solvent), still provides a significant contribution to the overall birefringence which can be exploited in electro-optical devices.
Evaluating charge noise acting on semiconductor quantum dots in the circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture
Authors: Basset J. , Stockklauser A. , Jarausch D.-D. , Frey T. , Reichl C. , Wegscheider W. , Wallraff A. , Ensslin K. , Ihn T.
Published: August 2014

We evaluate the charge noise acting on a GaAs/GaAlAs based semiconductor double quantum dot dipole-coupled to the voltage oscillations of a superconducting transmission line resonator. The in-phase (I) and the quadrature (Q) components of the microwave tone transmitted through the resonator are sensitive to charging events in the surrounding environment of the double dot with an optimum sensitivity of 8.5×10−5 e/Hz. A low frequency 1/f type noise spectrum combined with a white noise level of 6.6×10−6 e2/Hz above 1 Hz is extracted, consistent with previous results obtained with quantum point contact charge detectors on similar heterostructures. The slope of the 1/f noise allows to extract a lower bound for the double-dot charge qubit dephasing rate which we compare to the one extracted from a Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian approach. The two rates are found to be similar emphasizing that charge noise is the main source of dephasing in our system.
Determination of the density of the defect states in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 high-k film Deposited by using rf-magnetron sputtering technique
Authors: Lu W. , Lu J. X. , Ou X. , Liu X. J. , Cao Y. Q. , Li A. D. , Xu B. , Xia Y. D. , Yin J. , Liu Z. G.
Published: August 2014

A memory structure Pt/Al2O3/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/Al2O3/p-Si was fabricated by using atomic layer deposition and rf-magnetron sputtering techniques, and its microstructure has been investigated by using the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). By measuring the applied gate voltage dependence of the capacitance for the memory structure, the planar density of the trapped charges in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 high-k film was estimated as 6.63 × 1012 cm−2, indicating a body defect density of larger than 2.21 × 1019 cm−3. It is observed that the post-annealing in N2 can reduces the defect density in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 film, which was ascribed to the occupancy of oxygen vacancies by nitrogen atoms.
Cross-polarized microwave surface-state anti-resonance
Authors: Appelbaum Ian
Published: August 2014

We propose a polarization-sensitive measurement of microwave electromagnetic resonances in a static magnetic field to detect the metallic surface state of a bulk insulator. A quantitative model is used to demonstrate that a unique, unambiguous signature of the dissipative but conducting surface can be seen in the orthogonally polarized transmission spectra. These results are relevant to the ongoing search for candidate topological insulator materials.
A novel miniature dynamic microfluidic cell culture platform using electro-osmosis diode pumping
Authors: Chang Jen-Yung , Wang Shuo , Allen Jeffrey S. , Lee Seong Hyuk , Chang Suk Tai , Choi Young-Ki , Friedrich Craig , Choi Chang Kyoung
Published: August 2014

An electro-osmosis (EOS) diode pumping platform capable of culturing cells in fluidic cellular micro-environments particularly at low volume flow rates has been developed. Diode pumps have been shown to be a viable alternative to mechanically driven pumps. Typically electrokinetic micro-pumps were limited to low-concentration solutions (≤10 mM). In our approach, surface mount diodes were embedded along the sidewalls of a microchannel to rectify externally applied alternating current into pulsed direct current power across the diodes in order to generate EOS flows. This approach has for the first time generated flows at ultra-low flow rates (from 2.0 nl/s to 12.3 nl/s) in aqueous solutions with concentrations greater than 100 mM. The range of flow was generated by changing the electric field strength applied to the diodes from 0.5 Vpp/cm to 10 Vpp/cm. Embedding an additional diode on the upper surface of the enclosed microchannel increased flow rates further. We characterized the diode pump-driven fluidics in terms of intensities and frequencies of electric inputs, pH values of solutions, and solution types. As part of this study, we found that the growth of A549 human lung cancer cells was positively affected in the microfluidic diode pumping system. Though the chemical reaction compromised the fluidic control overtime, the system could be maintained fully functional over a long time if the solution was changed every hour. In conclusion, the advantage of miniature size and ability to accurately control fluids at ultra-low volume flow rates can make this diode pumping system attractive to lab-on-a-chip applications and biomedical engineering in vitro studies.
High-performance carbon-nanotube-based complementary field-effect-transistors and integrated circuits with yttrium oxide
Authors: Liang Shibo , Zhang Zhiyong , Si Jia , Zhong Donglai , Peng Lian-Mao
Published: August 2014

High-performance p-type carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors utilizing yttrium oxide as gate dielectric are presented by optimizing oxidization and annealing processes. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) field-effect-transistors (FETs) are then fabricated on CNTs, and the p- and n-type devices exhibit symmetrical high performances, especially with low threshold voltage near to zero. The corresponding CMOS CNT inverter is demonstrated to operate at an ultra-low supply voltage down to 0.2 V, while displaying sufficient voltage gain, high noise margin, and low power consumption. Yttrium oxide is proven to be a competitive gate dielectric for constructing high-performance CNT CMOS FETs and integrated circuits.
Spectral shifts in metal-enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Karolin Jan , Geddes Chris
Published: August 2014

We report a 2 nm red shift in the fluorescence spectra observed for Rhodamine 800 dissolved in glycerol on copper substrates as compared to glass reference samples, suggesting a wavelength dependence of metal enhanced fluorescence. The full width half maximum of the blue-red spectra is about 1 nm narrower as compared to the reference sample. We speculate that the observation correlates with a specific interaction mechanism between the Rhodamine 800 transition dipole, the enhanced electric field, and subsequent plasmon coupling, an observation not yet reported.
Large spin Seebeck effects in zigzag-edge silicene nanoribbons
Authors: Yang Xi-Feng , Liu Yu-Shen , Feng Jin-Fu , Wang Xue-Feng
Published: August 2014

Using the first-principles methods, we investigate the thermospin properties of a two-probe model based on zigzag-edge silicene nanoribbons (ZSiNRs). Compared with the odd-width ZSiNRs, the spin Seebeck coefficient of the even-width ZSiNRs is obviously enhanced at room temperature. This fact is attributed to a nearly perfect symmetry of the linear conductance gap with the different spin index with respect to the Fermi level induced by the different parity of the wave functions. More interestingly, the corresponding charge Seebeck coefficient is near zero. Therefore, when a thermal bias is presented in the even-width ZSiNRs, a nearly pure spin current is achieved. Meanwhile, the spin polarization of the current approaches infinite.
Ferroelectric polymer-ceramic composite thick films for energy storage applications
Authors: Singh Paritosh , Borkar Hitesh , Singh B. P. , Singh V. N. , Kumar Ashok
Published: August 2014

We have successfully fabricated large area free standing polyvinylidene fluoride -Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PVDF-PZT) ferroelectric polymer-ceramic composite (wt% 80–20, respectively) thick films with an average diameter (d) ∼0.1 meter and thickness (t) ∼50 μm. Inclusion of PZT in PVDF matrix significantly enhanced dielectric constant (from 10 to 25 at 5 kHz) and energy storage capacity (from 11 to 14 J/cm3, using polarization loops), respectively, and almost similar leakage current and mechanical strength. Microstructural analysis revealed the presence of α and β crystalline phases and homogeneous distribution of PZT crystals in PVDF matrix. It was also found that apart from the microcrystals, well defined naturally developed PZT nanocrystals were embedded in PVDF matrix. The observed energy density indicates immense potential in PVDF-PZT composites for possible applications as green energy and power density electronic elements.