bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulated eye height impacts size perception differently depending on real-world posture
Authors: Ghasemi Fatemeh , Harris Laurence R. , Jörges Björn
Published: November 2023

Changes in perceived eye height influence visually perceived object size in both the real world and in virtual reality. In virtual reality, conflicts can arise between the eye height in the real world and the eye height simulated in a VR application. We hypothesized that participants would be influenced more by variation in simulated eye height when they had a clear expectation about their eye height in the real world such as when sitting or standing, and less so when they did not have a clear estimate of the distance between their eyes and the real-life ground plane, e.g., when lying supine. Using virtual reality, 40 participants compared the height of a red square simulated at three different distances (6, 12, and 18 m) against the length of a physical stick (38.1 cm) held in their hands. They completed this task in all combinations of four real-life postures (supine, sitting, standing, standing on a table) and three simulated eye heights that corresponded to each participant’s real-world eye height (123cm sitting; 161cm standing; 201cm on table; on average). Confirming previous results, the square’s perceived size varied inversely with simulated eye height. Variations in simulated eye height affected participants’ perception of size significantly more when sitting than in the other postures (supine, standing, standing on a table). This shows that real-life posture can influence the perception of size in VR. However, since simulated eye height did not affect size estimates less in the lying supine than in the standing position, our hypothesis that humans would be more influenced by variations in eye height when they had a reliable estimate of the distance between their eyes and the ground plane in the real world was not fully confirmed.
Continuous detrimental activity of intra-articular fibrous scar tissue in correlation with posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis
Authors: Tran Nhat Tien , Jeon Sang-Hyeon , Moon Young Jae , Lee Kwang-Bok
Published: November 2023

Posttraumatic osteoarthritis is primarily characterized by articular cartilage destruction secondary to trauma or fracture events. Even while intra-articular scar tissue can be observed following ankle fractures, little is known about its nature and molecular events linking its biological activity and cartilage deterioration. Here, we investigated scar tissue's histological and molecular characteristics, and its relationship with localized articular cartilage alterations consistent with early osteoarthritic degeneration. Intra-articular scar tissues from sixty-two patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation for ankle fracture were obtained at hardware removal time (6–44 months after fracture). Histological analysis demonstrated that scar tissue has the nature of fibrosis with fibrous tissue hyperplasia, fibroblast proliferation, and chondrometaplasia. These fibrous scar tissues showed overexpressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and high mRNA expression levels of osteoarthritis-related markers (cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes) compared to the normal synovium. Furthermore, those transcriptional levels were significantly correlated with the grade of talar chondral degeneration. Our findings suggest that following an ankle fracture, the intra-articular fibrous scar tissue exhibits high catabolic and inflammatory activity, which has a long-lasting negative impact correlated to cartilage deterioration in the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
FuXi: a cascade machine learning forecasting system for 15-day global weather forecast
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhong Xiaohui , Zhang Feng , Cheng Yuan , Xu Yinghui , Qi Yuan , Li Hao
Published: November 2023

Over the past few years, the rapid development of machine learning (ML) models for weather forecasting has led to state-of-the-art ML models that have superior performance compared to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)’s high-resolution forecast (HRES), which is widely considered as the world’s best physics-based weather forecasting system. Specifically, ML models have outperformed HRES in 10-day forecasts with a spatial resolution of 0.25∘. However, the challenge remains in mitigating the accumulation of forecast errors for longer effective forecasts, such as achieving comparable performance to the ECMWF ensemble in 15-day forecasts. Despite various efforts to reduce accumulation errors, such as implementing autoregressive multi-time step loss, relying on a single model has been found to be insufficient for achieving optimal performance in both short and long lead times. Therefore, we present FuXi, a cascaded ML weather forecasting system that provides 15-day global forecasts at a temporal resolution of 6 hours and a spatial resolution of 0.25∘. FuXi is developed using 39 years of the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The performance evaluation demonstrates that FuXi has forecast performance comparable to ECMWF ensemble mean (EM) in 15-day forecasts. FuXi surpasses the skillful forecast lead time achieved by ECMWF HRES by extending the lead time for Z500 from 9.25 to 10.5 days and for T2M from 10 to 14.5 days. Moreover, the FuXi ensemble is created by perturbing initial conditions and model parameters, enabling it to provide forecast uncertainty and demonstrating promising results when compared to the ECMWF ensemble.
Living within the safe and just Earth system boundaries for blue water
Authors: Stewart-Koster Ben , Bunn Stuart E. , Green Pamela , Ndehedehe Christopher , Andersen Lauren S. , Armstrong McKay David I. , Bai Xuemei , DeClerck Fabrice , Ebi Kristie L. , Gordon Christopher , Gupta Joyeeta , Hasan Syezlin , Jacobson Lisa , Lade Steven J. , Liverman Diana , Loriani Sina , Mohamed Awaz , Nakicenovic Nebojsa , Obura David , Qin Dahe , Rammelt Crelis , Rocha Juan C. , Rockström Johan , Verburg Peter H. , Zimm Caroline
Published: November 2023

Safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for surface water and groundwater (blue water) have been defined for sustainable water management in the Anthropocene. Here we assessed whether minimum human needs could be met with surface water from within individual river basins alone and, where this is not possible, quantified how much groundwater would be required. Approximately 2.6 billion people live in river basins where groundwater is needed because they are already outside the surface water ESB or have insufficient surface water to meet human needs and the ESB. Approximately 1.4 billion people live in river basins where demand-side transformations would be required as they either exceed the surface water ESB or face a decline in groundwater recharge and cannot meet minimum needs within the ESB. A further 1.5 billion people live in river basins outside the ESB, with insufficient surface water to meet minimum needs, requiring both supply- and demand-side transformations. These results highlight the challenges and opportunities of meeting even basic human access needs to water and protecting aquatic ecosystems.
Pan-cancer landscape of epigenetic factor expression predicts tumor outcome
Authors: Cheng Michael W. , Mitra Mithun , Coller Hilary A.
Published: November 2023

Oncogenic pathways that drive cancer progression reflect both genetic changes and epigenetic regulation. Here we stratified primary tumors from each of 24 TCGA adult cancer types based on the gene expression patterns of epigenetic factors (epifactors). The tumors for five cancer types (ACC, KIRC, LGG, LIHC, and LUAD) separated into two robust clusters that were better than grade or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in predicting clinical outcomes. The majority of epifactors that drove the clustering were also individually prognostic. A pan-cancer machine learning model deploying epifactor expression data for these five cancer types successfully separated the patients into poor and better outcome groups. Single-cell analysis of adult and pediatric tumors revealed that expression patterns associated with poor or worse outcomes were present in individual cells within tumors. Our study provides an epigenetic map of cancer types and lays a foundation for discovering pan-cancer targetable epifactors.
Interdisciplinary development of an overall process concept from glucose to 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane via 2,3-butanediol
Authors: Graf von Westarp William , Wiesenthal Jan , Spöring Jan-Dirk , Mengers Hendrik G. , Kasterke Marvin , Koß Hans-Jürgen , Blank Lars M. , Rother Dörte , Klankermayer Jürgen , Jupke Andreas
Published: November 2023

To reduce carbon dioxide emissions, carbon-neutral fuels have recently gained renewed attention. Here we show the development and evaluation of process routes for the production of such a fuel, the cyclic acetal 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, from glucose via 2,3-butanediol. The selected process routes are based on the sequential use of microbes, enzymes and chemo-catalysts in order to exploit the full potential of the different catalyst systems through a tailor-made combination. The catalysts (microbes, enzymes, chemo-catalysts) and the reaction medium selected for each conversion step are key factors in the development of the respective production methods. The production of the intermediate 2,3-butanediol by combined microbial and enzyme catalysis is compared to the conventional microbial route from glucose in terms of specific energy demand and overall yield, with the conventional route remaining more efficient. In order to be competitive with current 2,3-butanediol production, the key performance indicator, enzyme stability to high aldehyde concentrations, needs to be increased. The target value for the enzyme stability is an acetaldehyde concentration of 600 mM, which is higher than the current maximum concentration (200 mM) by a factor of three.
Unearthing the mechanisms of responsive neurostimulation for epilepsy
Authors: Rao Vikram R. , Rolston John D.
Published: November 2023

Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is an effective therapy for people with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. In clinical trials, RNS therapy results in a meaningful reduction in median seizure frequency, but the response is highly variable across individuals, with many receiving minimal or no benefit. Understanding why this variability occurs will help improve use of RNS therapy. Here we advocate for a reexamination of the assumptions made about how RNS reduces seizures. This is now possible due to large patient cohorts having used this device, some long-term. Two foundational assumptions have been that the device’s intracranial leads should target the seizure focus/foci directly, and that stimulation should be triggered only in response to detected epileptiform activity. Recent studies have called into question both hypotheses. Here, we discuss these exciting new studies and suggest future approaches to patient selection, lead placement, and device programming that could improve clinical outcomes.
Advances in nanostructured material-based non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors
Authors: Jiang Danfeng , Liu Tao , Chu Zhenyu , Wang Yi
Published: November 2023

Zero- to three-dimensional nanomaterials significantly improve the electrochemical behaviors of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors due to the structural effects caused by regular nanostructures.
Ultra-expanded interlayer spacing of vanadium oxide nanowires intercalated with poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) in organic ammonium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Haode , Hu Shan , Tang Xinlei , Tian Yu , Zhao Jiawen , Sun Haohao , Jian Zelang , Chen Wen
Published: November 2023

The PEDOT intercalated vanadium oxide nanowire (VO-P-1.5), with an ultra-expanded interlayer spacing of 1.82 nm, exhibits a capacity of 163 mAh g−1 and excellent rate ability in organic ammonium batteries (OAIBs).
Electrolyzing spent cupronickel to fabricate superhydrophilic electrocatalysts for enhanced water splitting
Authors: Liu Zhenwei , Wang Junli , Kong Qingxiang , Tong Xiaoning , Wu Song , Zong Naixuan , Xu Rudong , Yang Linjing
Published: November 2023

Highly efficient and cost-effective NiCu/IF and NiMn/IF electrodes with hierarchical nanostructures were synthesized via a one-step electrolysis route using spent cupronickel as a soluble anode.
A weakly ion pairing electrolyte designed for high voltage magnesium batteries
Authors: Li Chang , Guha Rishabh D. , Shyamsunder Abhinandan , Persson Kristin A. , Nazar Linda F.
Published: November 2023

We report a solvent-designed Mg(TFSI)2 electrolyte, which facilitates ion pair dissociation, nanoscale Mg nucleation/growth, and dendrite-free Mg plating/stripping at 2 mA h cm−2, enabling full cell operation up to 3.5 V at a 2C rate for 400 cycles.
Manipulation of interfacial charge dynamics for metal–organic frameworks toward advanced photocatalytic applications
Authors: Wang Chien-Yi , Chang Huai-En , Wang Cheng-Yu , Kurioka Tomoyuki , Chen Chun-Yi , Mark Chang Tso-Fu , Sone Masato , Hsu Yung-Jung
Published: November 2023

By summarizing recent developments in the modulation of interfacial charge dynamics for MOF-based photocatalysts, this minireview delivers inspiring insights to help researchers harness the merits of MOFs and create versatile photocatalytic systems.
Carbenes from cyclopropanated aromatics
Authors: Roth Alexander D. , Thamattoor Dasan M.
Published: November 2023

The generation of saturated carbenes (A) and unsaturated carbenes (B) from cyclopropanated aromatic systems is reviewed.
K2S2O8 promoted metal-free direct C-alkylation of acetophenones with alcohols
Authors: Gautam Deepak , Gahlaut Puneet Singh , Pathak Shristi , Jana Barun
Published: November 2023

A metal-free synthetic methodology for the C-alkylation of acetophenones following a hydrogen borrowing-like pathway using the commercially available inorganic oxidant K2S2O8 in conjunction with KOtBu is reported.
Synthesis of functionalized tetrahydrodibenzo[b,g][1,8]naphthyridin-1(2H)-ones through base-promoted annulation of quinoline-derived dipolarophiles and cyclic enaminones
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Zheng Xinghua , Zhang Fanglian , Luo Qiuya , Deng Wen-Ting , Long Lipeng , Yu Daohong , Wang Zhong-Xia , Chen Zhengwang
Published: November 2023

An efficient synthesis of multifunctional tetrahydrodibenzo[b,g][1,8]naphthyridin-1(2H)-ones under transition metal-free conditions.
Wafer-scale synthesis of a morphologically controllable silicon ordered array as a platform and its SERS performance
Authors: Song Jizhe , Feng Sujuan , Shi Haonan , Han Daotong , Liu Guangqiang
Published: November 2023

Development of a method to prepare four different three-dimensional structures in almost the same experimental process, with separate descriptions of the surface-constructing mechanisms, and structure-related SERS characterizations.
Capturing students' identification of the relevance of organic chemistry in writing
Authors: Milne Safron L. , Finkenstaedt-Quinn Solaire A. , Garza Nicholas F. , Zimmerman Steven C. , Shultz Ginger V.
Published: November 2023

Appealing to students' affect in academic settings, such as demonstrating chemistry's relevance to their life, is one strategy instructors may use to support students’ in learning. This study investigates the types of connections that students make to organic chemistry when responding to an open-ended writing assignment. Students enrolled in an introductory level organic chemistry course were asked to choose and write about an organic molecule they felt was important to their life, in doing so students wrote about the molecule's relevance to their life. Analysis of the writing was supported by semi-structured interviews with a subset of the students in which they discussed their approach to completing the assigment. Conclusions from this study suggest that students successfully made connections between their chosen moleucle and their life. Considered through the lens of relevance, students can both seek and find relevance in organic chemistry topics on a personal, societal, or vocational level; and therefore may reinforce their comprehension and appreciation of chemistry.
The influence of molecular shape on glass-forming behavior in a minimalist trimer model
Authors: Uranga Wassermann María Victoria , Soulé Ezequiel Rodolfo , Balbuena Cristian
Published: November 2023

In this study, using molecular dynamics simulations on a trimer model, we investigate how variations in molecule's internal angles influence the dynamic and structural aspects of the system.
Morphology and cell performance of poly(fluorene)-based anion exchange membranes for water electrolysis: effect of backbone core structure
Authors: Lim Haeryang , Jeong Jae-Yeop , Lee Dae Hwan , Myeong Shin-Woo , Shin Giwon , Choi Dayeong , Kim Won Bae , Choi Sung Mook , Park Taiho
Published: November 2023

We report on the different core structures comprising biphenyl, fluorene, and spirobifluorene-based poly(fluorene) with an alkyl incorporated into the polymer backbone to confirmed the effect of core structures on morphology and ionic conductivity.
Ultrasmall calcium-enriched Prussian blue nanozymes promote chronic wound healing by remodeling the wound microenvironment
Authors: Dong Qingrong , Fang Ge , Liu Fang , Cai Shuwei , Tao Yujie , Xue Tingyu , Tang Minghua , Zhang Kun , An Ziheng , Du Jiangfeng , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2023

Ultrasmall CaPB NPs fabricated via a simple and feasible route with high yields have promising potential for accelerating wound healing through antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and vascularization promotion.
Cross-linking strategies for efficient and highly stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Xuran , Ding Ziwu , Huang Xiaozhen , Liu Xingyu , Wang Yue , Wang Yang , Huang Wei
Published: November 2023

This review summarizes recent developments on cross-linking strategies which have shown great potential in enhancing all-round stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and provides guidance for further design of cross-linking molecules or approaches to promote the commercialization of PSCs.
“Flagella effect” of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter dominating the efficiency of non-doped solution-processed OLEDs
Authors: Zhao Guimin , Lou Yuheng , Ji Renjie , Ran Qiyin , Chen Haowen , Tian Wenwen , Jiang Wei , Sun Yueming
Published: November 2023

A series of TADF emitters was developed by adjusting the length and mold of flexible chains, resulting in a huge difference in the PLQY, carrier mobility balance, and morphology in the pristine film and EQEmax of non-doped solution-processed OLEDs.
Reversible vis-NIR electrochromic/electrofluorochromic switching in dual-functional devices modulated by different benzothiadiazole-arylamine anodic components
Authors: Corrente Giuseppina Anna , González Dora A. , Aktas Ece , Capodilupo Agostina Lina , Ruighi Francesco , Accorsi Gianluca , Imbardelli Daniela , Rodriguez-Seco Cristina , Martinez-Ferrero Eugenia , Palomares Emilio , Beneduci Amerigo
Published: November 2023

Herein we show all-in-one electrochromic and electrofluorochromic devices where the ethyl viologen cathode is coupled to different arylamine-BT-arylamine anodes, by which modulation of light absorption and emission in the vis-NIR range is achieved.
Recent advances and perspectives of Ir-based anode catalysts in PEM water electrolysis
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Feng Ligang
Published: November 2023

Recent advances and perspectives of Ir-based anode catalysts in PEM water electrolysis are highlighted, and it is concluded that the anti-dissolution and stability improvement of Ir active species should be carefully considered for catalyst design in the future.
The enzymes of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway as targets of reactive species: consequences for NADPH production
Authors: Fuentes-Lemus Eduardo , Reyes Juan Sebastián , Figueroa Juan David , Davies Michael J. , López-Alarcón Camilo
Published: November 2023

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a key metabolic pathway. The oxidative phase of this process involves three reactions catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) enzymes. The first and third steps (catalyzed by G6PDH and 6PGDH, respectively) are responsible for generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH), a key cofactor for maintaining the reducing power of cells and detoxification of both endogenous and exogenous oxidants and electrophiles. Despite the importance of these enzymes, little attention has been paid to the fact that these proteins are targets of oxidants. In response to oxidative stimuli metabolic pathways are modulated, with the PPP often up-regulated in order to enhance or maintain the reductive capacity of cells. Under such circumstances, oxidation and inactivation of the PPP enzymes could be detrimental. Damage to the PPP enzymes may result in a downward spiral, as depending on the extent and sites of modification, these alterations may result in a loss of enzymatic activity and therefore increased oxidative damage due to NADPH depletion. In recent years, it has become evident that the three enzymes of the oxidative phase of the PPP have different susceptibilities to inactivation on exposure to different oxidants. In this review, we discuss existing knowledge on the role that these enzymes play in the metabolism of cells, and their susceptibility to oxidation and inactivation with special emphasis on NADPH production. Perspectives on achieving a better understanding of the molecular basis of the oxidation these enzymes within cellular environments are given.
Electrical Stimulation of Vocal Fold Adduction Triggered by Laryngeal Electromyography Using a Custom Implant
Authors: Heaton James T. , Kobler James B. , Otten David M. , Tynan Monica A. , Petrillo Robert H. , Ottensmeyer Mark P. , Slate Andrea R. , Hillman Robert E. , Zeitels Steven M.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Medialization procedures for unilateral vocal fold (VF) paralysis generally improve voice but do not fully replace dynamic VF adduction. Paralyzed VFs typically experience synkinetic reinnervation, which makes it feasible to elicit movement through electrical stimulation. We tested a novel laryngeal pacing implant capable of providing closed-loop (automatic) stimulation of a VF triggered by electromyography (EMG) potentials from the contralateral VF.

Method:

A custom, battery-powered, microprocessor-based stimulator was tested in eight dogs with bipolar electrodes implanted for recording EMG from the left VF and stimulating adduction of the right VF. A cuff electrode on the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) stimulated unilateral VF adduction, modeling voluntary control in anesthetized animals. Closed-loop stimulation was tested in both acute and chronic experiments. Synkinetic reinnervation was created in two animals by right RLN transection and suture repair to model unilateral VF paralysis.

Results:

In all animals, left VF activation through RLN stimulation generated a robust EMG response that rapidly triggered stimulation of contralateral thyroarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles, causing nearly simultaneous bilateral adduction. Optimal triggering of VF stimulation from elicited EMG was achieved using independent onset and offset thresholds. Real-time artifact blanking allowed closed-loop stimulation without self-perpetuating feedback, despite the proximity of recording and stimulation electrodes.

Conclusions:

Using a custom implant system, we demonstrated real-time closed-loop stimulation of one VF triggered by the activation of the contralateral VF. This approach could potentially restore dynamic glottic closure for reflexive behaviors or phonation in cases of unilateral VF paralysis with synkinetic reinnervation.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24492133
High-resolution ALMA observations of compact discs in the wide-binary system Sz 65 and Sz 66
Authors: Miley J. M. , Carpenter J. , Booth R. , Jennings J. , Haworth T. J. , Vioque M. , Andrews S. , Wilner D. , Benisty M. , Huang J. , Perez L. , Guzman V. , Ricci L. , Isella A.
Published: November 2023

Context. Substructures in disc density are ubiquitous in the bright extended discs that are observed with high resolution. These substructures are intimately linked to the physical mechanisms driving planet formation and disc evolution. Surveys of star-forming regions find that most discs are in fact compact, less luminous, and do not exhibit these same substructures. It remains unclear whether compact discs also have similar substructures or if they are featureless. This suggests that different planet formation and disc evolution mechanisms operate in these discs.

Aims. We investigated evidence of substructure within two compact discs around the stars Sz 65 and Sz 66 using high angular resolution observations with ALMA at 1.3 mm. The two stars form a wide-binary system with 6″.36 separation. The continuum observations achieve a synthesised beam size of 0″.026 × 0″.018, equivalent to about 4.0 × 2.8 au, enabling a search for substructure on these spatial scales and a characterisation of the gas and dust disc sizes with high precision.

Methods. We analysed the data in the image plane through an analysis of reconstructed images, as well as in the uv plane by non-parametrically modelling the visibilities and by an analysis of the 12CO (2–1) emission line. Comparisons were made with highresolution observations of compact discs and radially extended discs.

Results. We find evidence of substructure in the dust distribution of Sz 65, namely a shallow gap centred at ≈20 au, with an emission ring exterior to it at the outer edge of the disc. Ninety percent of the measured continuum flux is found within 27 au, and the distance for 12CO is 161 au. The observations show that Sz 66 is very compact: 90% of the flux is contained within 16 au, and 90% of the molecular gas flux lies within 64 au.

Conclusions. While the overall prevalence and diversity of substructure in compact discs relative to larger discs is yet to be determined, we find evidence that substructures can exist in compact discs.
Polarization analysis of the VLTI and GRAVITY
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Widmann F. , Haubois X. , Schuhler N. , Pfuhl O. , Eisenhauer F. , Gillessen S. , Aimar N. , Amorim A. , Bauböck M. , Berger J. B. , Bonnet H. , Bourdarot G. , Brandner W. , Clénet Y. , Davies R. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Dexter J. , Drescher A. , Eckart A. , Feuchtgruber H. , Schreiber N. M. Förster , Garcia P. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Hartl M. , Haußmann F. , Heißel G. , Henning T. , Hippler S. , Horrobin M. , Jiménez-Rosales A. , Jocou L. , Kaufer A. , Kervella P. , Lacour S. , Lapeyrère V. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Lutz D. , Mang F. , More N. , Nowak M. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Rabien S. , Ribeiro D. , Bordoni M. Sadun , Scheithauer S. , Shangguan J. , Shimizu T. , Stadler J. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , Vincent F. , von Fellenberg S. D. , Wieprecht E. , Wiezorrek E. , Woillez J.
Published: November 2023

Aims.The goal of this work is to characterize the polarization effects of the beam path of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) and the GRAVITY beam combiner instrument. This is useful for two reasons: to calibrate polarimetric observations with GRAVITY for instrumental effects and to understand the systematic error introduced to the astrometry due to birefringence when observing targets with a significant intrinsic polarization.

Methods.By combining a model of the VLTI light path and its mirrors and dedicated experimental data, we constructed a full polarization model of the VLTI Unit Telescopes (UTs) and the GRAVITY instrument. We first characterized all telescopes together to construct a universal UT calibration model for polarized targets with the VLTI. We then expanded the model to include the differential birefringence between the UTs. With this, we were able to constrain the systematic errors and the contrast loss for highly polarized targets.

Results.Along with this paper, we have published a standalone Python package that can be used to calibrate the instrumental effects on polarimetric observations. This enables the community to use GRAVITY with the UTs to observe targets in a polarimetric observing mode. We demonstrate the calibration model with the Galactic Center star IRS 16C. For this source, we were able to constrain the polarization degree to within 0.4% and the polarization angle to within 5° while being consistent with the literature values. Furthermore, we show that there is no significant contrast loss, even if the science and fringe-tracker targets have significantly different polarization, and we determine that the phase error in such an observation is smaller than 1°, corresponding to an astrometric error of 10 µas.

Conclusions.With this work, we enable the use by the community of the polarimetric mode with GRAVITY/UTs and outline the steps necessary to observe and calibrate polarized targets with GRAVITY. We demonstrate that it is possible to measure the intrinsic polarization of astrophysical sources with high precision and that polarization effects do not limit astrometric observations of polarized targets.
A MeerKAT view of the double pulsar eclipses
Authors: Lower M. E. , Kramer M. , Shannon R. M. , Breton R. P. , Wex N. , Johnston S. , Bailes M. , Buchner S. , Hu H. , Venkatraman Krishnan V. , Blackmon V. A. , Camilo F. , Champion D. J. , Freire P. C. C. , Geyer M. , Karastergiou A. , van Leeuwen J. , McLaughlin M. A. , Reardon D. J. , Stairs I. H.
Published: November 2023

The double pulsar system, PSR J0737−3039A/B, consists of two neutron stars bound together in a highly relativistic orbit that is viewed nearly edge-on from the Earth. This alignment results in brief radio eclipses of the fast-rotating pulsar A when it passes behind the toroidal magnetosphere of the slow-rotating pulsar B. The morphology of these eclipses is strongly dependent on the geometric orientation and rotation phase of pulsar B, and their time evolution can be used to constrain the geodetic precession rate of the pulsar. We demonstrate a Bayesian inference framework for modelling high-sensitivity eclipse light curves obtained with MeerKAT between 2019 and 2023. Using a hierarchical inference approach, we obtained a precession rate of ΩSOB = 5.16°−0.34°+0.32°yr−1(68% confidence intervals) for pulsar B, consistent with predictions from general relativity to a relative uncertainty of 6.5%. This updated measurement provides a 6.1% test of relativistic spin-orbit coupling in the strong-field regime. We show that a simultaneous fit to all of our observed eclipses can in principle return a ∼1.5% test of spin-orbit coupling. However, systematic effects introduced by the current geometric orientation of pulsar B along with inconsistencies between the observed and predicted eclipse light curves result in difficult to quantify uncertainties when using this approach. Assuming the validity of general relativity, we definitively show that the spin axis of pulsar B is misaligned from the total angular momentum vector by 40.6° ±0.1° and that the orbit of the system is inclined by approximately 90.5° from the direction of our line of sight. Our measured geometry for pulsar B suggests the largely empty emission cone contains an elongated horseshoe-shaped beam centred on the magnetic axis, and that it may not be re-detected as a radio pulsar until early 2035.
Formation of supporting points for production growth based on diversification of the regional industry
Authors: Ruzmetov Baxtiyar , Ruzmetov Sherzod , Bakhtiyarov Shakhzod , Dzhumaeva Zulfiya , Juraev Khusan
Published: November 2023

The article describes production opportunities based on diversification of industry in Khorezm region and ways to form “growth points” in economic sectors of the region. Taking these circumstances into account, “growth points” aimed at the development of industrial products in the Khorezm region were identified, and conclusions and proposals regarding the implementation of these measures were highlighted. In the first stage, the modernization and technical re-equipment of existing production facilities (Bagat Textile JV, Cotton Tex LLC, Kobo Tex LLC, Darital Tex LLC, Uztex Shovot JV and cotton ginning enterprises, Khazarasp branch of GM) are determined. The second stage (industrial) defines the implementation of promising republican and regional projects with the involvement of foreign capital, funds from enterprises and the population on the basis of deep processing of local raw materials and resources, the introduction of advanced domestic and world achievements in the field of engineering and technology, including nanotechnologies and nanoproducts. In the third stage (innovative) the introduction of advanced technologies for the production of goods with various functional properties (fire-resistant, bioactive, etc.), ensuring increased comfort and attractiveness of products, the formation of an innovative infrastructure based on close cooperation between business, entrepreneurship, universities, research institutes of the Khorezm region and Tashkent for the purpose of carrying out scientific, technical and innovative developments were identified.
Research the Impact of the IFRS 16 requirements on the company’s financial performance
Authors: Morozova T.V. , Tarasova O.N.
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the influence of IFRS 16 on the financial performance of firms, using X5 Retail Group as a case study. The authors discovered that the previous lease accounting model under IAS 17 Leases has led to inaccurate and non-transparent financial reporting, causing dissatisfaction among investors, analysts, and other users. The authors also discuss the primary drivers for the modification in the previous lease accounting model and the subsequent development of IFRS 16 Leases. It is worth noting that lease accounting under IFRS significantly impacts the final financial outcome and the positioning of the firm in the eyes of all stakeholders. Therefore, the relevance of this study arises from the fact that proper lease accounting organization under IFRS is a critical aspect of the primary managerial and financial duties.
Impact of foreign direct investment in Indian economic growth
Authors: Sudhakar P. , Velmurugan R.
Published: November 2023

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played a significant role in driving economic growth in India. FDI refers to the investment made by foreign entities, such as companies or individuals, in the domestic economy of a country. This study looks at how FDI has affected the growth of the BSE Sensex and the Indian economy. The findings of the study indicate a favourable correlation between FDI and both GDP growth and the stock market.
Issues of personal data protection through the lens of sustainable development and law
Authors: Begishev Ildar , Asli Mehrdad Rayejian , Denisovich Veronika , Majorov Andrey , Sergeyev Andrey
Published: November 2023

The paper focuses on the effectiveness of legislation regulating the security of storage, processing, and transfer of personal data. As the main thesis, we assume that it is necessary to give a legal definition of the concept of personal data to build specific legal norms of a protective nature. We describe, examine, and evaluate the provisions of international regulatory legal acts that define the concept mentioned above and correlate with Russian legislation provisions. We thoroughly consider the opinions of scientists on the issue with the justification of our assessments and judgments. The results of the study can be considered recommendations on understanding the definition of personal data, as well as proposals for their protection and development of the system of legal regulation of personal data turnover in various jurisdictions.
The problem of employment of middle-aged citizens in an economic downturn
Authors: Akhmetzhanova Nazym , Duskaliyev Assilbek , Zhangaliyeva Yelnaz , Aidaraliyeva Aizhamal , Zhaytleuova Assel
Published: November 2023

Economic crisis is one of the stages of the continuous production cycle, which constantly includes crisis, stagnation, revival and recovery. It is characterized by a sharp deterioration of the market situation, instability of the national economy and increased incompatibility in social production. The economic crisis manifests itself in the overproduction of commodity capital (an increase in the amount of unsold production), excessive financing of productive capital (an increase in free production capacity at full capacity, an increase in unemployment), excessive financing of money capital (an increase in the amount of unsold money for production). This article is devoted to the study of one of the large-scale problems in the field of economics - the problem of unemployment. Among them, the causes and problems of unemployment of middle-aged citizens in Kazakhstan are considered. The problem of employment of middle-aged citizens is currently one of the most acute in the labor market in Kazakhstan. The authors have proposed several main ways of solving the problem of unemployment among middle-aged citizens. In addition, the final section concludes that the problem of employment of middle-aged citizens can be solved on a large scale by improving the proposed ways to solve the problem of unemployment of citizens aged 45-60. The main purpose of writing this article is to study the problem of employment of middle-aged adults and identify ways to solve this problem.
Innovative strategy to achieve food security in the Republic of South Ossetia
Authors: Gurieva Lira , Kulov Aslan
Published: November 2023

Achieving food security is a pressing issue for many countries. Over the past years, the global emphasis has transitioned from merely comprehending the challenge to actively formulating policies and crafting innovative solutions to ensure food security worldwide. This research specifically targets South Ossetia’s food security status and the potential innovative strategies in agriculture to enhance it. Utilizing a blend of analytical, economic-statistical, and benchmarking methodologies, combined with data sourced from South Ossetia’s official statistics and various Russian agencies, the findings paint a concerning picture. South Ossetia’s agriculture is facing escalating difficulties characterized by production inefficiencies and foundational economic hurdles. Alarmingly, the region’s food security is teetering on the edge, evidenced by a glaring deficit of 47.5 thousand tons in basic foodstuffs production in 2022 alone. For South Ossetia to navigate these challenges and attain its food security goals, a two-pronged approach is pivotal. First, an innovative overhaul of its agro-industrial sector is necessary, promoting its seamless integration with the broader Russian economic framework. Subsequently, aligning with the EAEU member states’ food systems could further reinforce this. Such transformative initiatives in agriculture will not only secure food supply but can also rejuvenate the region’s social infrastructure and elevate its attractiveness for migration.
Evaluation role of human capital in increasing enterprise’s income by ensuring stability and security
Authors: Doschanov Tangirbergan , Ataev Jasur , Doschanov Akbar , Matkarimov Inomjon , Osadchy Eduard
Published: November 2023

In this paper considered possibilities of increasing income of business entities by ensuring their stability and security. Evaluated effect of changes in capital and labor force on the amount of output produced by small business entities by using developed production function. Also, estimated probability of increasing the enterprise’s income by ensuring the stability and security of the business entity taking into account human capital.
Regional features of investment activeness in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Ruzmetov Baxtiyar , Avezov Mirzobek , Babadjanov Javokhir , Eshniyazova Yulduz , Panjiyeva Nodira
Published: November 2023

This article analyzes the regional features of investment activity in the Republic of Uzbekistan using data from the Agency for Statistics under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2013-2021 of Uzbekistan. In the article, methods of strategic planning, monographic observation, content analysis, systematic and comparative analysis, cross-analysis and statistical analysis were used to assess the investment attractiveness of zones in conditions of increasing investment activity. It has been established that increasing investment attractiveness to support investments in economic modernization by the state has a positive effect. A generalization of the system of indicators reflecting the investment potential of the region has been made , the specifics of trends in the development of the region's economy and the level of investment, their classification by sources and industries have been identified , a proposal has been identified on ways to increase investment potential and its effectiveness in the sustainable development of the region's economy, an econometric assessment of the impact of investment potential on the economy region and development of development prospects.
Developing human resources and building a talent pool for the region through the construction, measurement, and validation of soft competency profiles for current and future professionals (the ComPass System)
Authors: Kuzminov Ruslan , Kudryavtseva Ekaterina , Plyaskina Olga , Bubekova Larisa
Published: November 2023

Contemporary professionals’ education worldwide is based on Bloom’s taxonomy (Anderson/Krathwohl’s revision). This process is implemented as the “packaging” of individuals into rigid professional standards by transmitting accepted dogmas as value orientations. The training quality is measured through practice duration and education documentary evidence (formal records). However, individuals’ personalities extend beyond standards and include soft competencies determining the hard skills application in specific situations. They make professionals adaptable to the ever-changing reality, including the AI presence. Finally, every person aims at self-realization. Self-realization serves as the key internal motivator for effective and successful action (including in one’s profession) with no need for external motivators. Relying on soft competencies in profiling, management, and HR development in the medium and long term leads to significant savings in financial and other resources during the launch and professional activities’ implementation when they are an act of self-realization. Consequently, existing rigid standards already require complementing them with soft competency profiles (competency profiling). A soft profile is always broader than standards and contributes not only to forming a talent pool from students in secondary specialized educational institutions and universities, technical schools, and vocational schools but also to unleashing the potential of professionals already in the field.
Achieving the principles of sustainable development: Implementation of smart solutions in the infrastructure of modern megacities
Authors: Vaslavskaya Irina , Aboimova Irina , Aleksandrova Irina , Nekrasov Konstantin , Karshalova Alma
Published: November 2023

City residents get the opportunity to develop a comfortable and safe living environment with the effective use of smart infrastructure. First of all, this concerns the digitalization of the housing, energy, construction, and public transport sectors, the large-scale use of integrated digital platforms in city management, and control over environmental protection. Therefore, the governments of many countries are actively looking for ways for the balanced sustainable development of megacities, one of which is the policy of developing smart megacities using IT infrastructure. The purpose of the study is to identify promising areas for the development of smart infrastructure in the sustainable development of megacities. Using qualitative methods, the main opportunities for the development of digital infrastructure have been identified to achieve the principles of sustainable development, including opportunities for the development of smart infrastructure to improve an environmentally sustainable megacity, directions for solving transport and traffic problems, improving the efficiency of the waste disposal system and developing the smart energy consumption. However, the authors note that when implementing smart solutions, it is necessary to minimize the possibility of intentional human influence on the safety of the population or the creation of man-made threats, since the vital activity and safety of cities largely depends on the effective functioning of digital technologies.
Determinants of MSMES entrepreneurs sustainability
Authors: Velmurugan R. , Jegadeeswari S. , Manikandan R. , Hemalatha T. M. , Amutha K.
Published: November 2023

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in the global economy, contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic growth. However, the sustainability of MSMEs remains a significant concern, as many of them struggle to survive beyond the initial stages of their operation. This review aims to identify and analyze the determinants that influence the sustainability of MSMEs, with a specific focus on the entrepreneurial perspective. The result of the study disclose that innovation and risk taking, tolerance self-efficacy, financial control, managerial self-efficacy, opportunity identification self-efficacy, functional skills, relationship self-efficacy and technical skills are the factors that assists MSME entrepreneurs sustainability.
Corporate governance and its role in the transformation of the company
Authors: Shukeyev Umirzak , Niyazov Mussa , Valiyeva Saltanat , Yerkulova Gulmira
Published: November 2023

Corporate governance now plays a vital role in determining the future of companies. One of the leading indicators of the corporate governance system is the Board of Directors. The article describes the working mechanisms of the board in the context of the "Samruk-Kazyna" National Welfare Fund (NWF). Research shows a direct link between board composition and company value. Selecting qualified and competent board members is critical to ensuring effective corporate governance. In addition, the leading role of management also plays the definition of clear goals, deadlines for their implementation, and the use of incentives and punishments for their achievement or failure to achieve them. Particular attention is paid to the mechanism for building corporate economic management in a quasi-state sector through transformation programs. The transformation allowed the Boards of Directors of the Samruk-Kazyna NWF to transform from formal bodies into fundamental strategic institutions. The adopted Corporate Management Code played a crucial role in this process. This article discusses the main features of corporate management, the historical development of corporate management in Kazakhstan, the development process and norms of development management in the Samruk-Kazyna NFW. Our research shows that choosing the right board members and implementing effective incentives and penalties are critical elements of successful corporate governance that promote the sustainable development of companies.