bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advokasi Santri Melalui Pemahaman Islam Multikultur Untuk Mencegah Islam Radikal Di Lampung Tengah
Authors: Mukhlishin Ahmad , Irhamudin Irhamudin , Nafisah Jauharotun
Published: December 2022

Islam sebagai agama hadir di seluruh suku bangsa yang ada sebagai sistem nilai yang menyatu  dengan budaya setempat, sehingga hal ini yang sering dilihat oleh orang diluar suku tersebut dengan islam Minangkabau, islam Jawa, dan seterusnya. Akumulasi kebudayaan yang menyetubuh dengan berbagai kultur ini kemudian disebut dengan islam multikultural, Itulah sebabnya secara historis Islam datang ke berbagai belahan Nusantara dengan suasana yang relatif damai nyaris tanpa ketegangan dan konflik. Islam dengan mudah dapat diterima oleh masyarakat sebagai se-buah agama yang membawa keda-maian, meskipun pada masa itu masyarakat telah beragama dan me-miliki kepercayaan tersendiri baik animisme, dinamisme, Hindu maupun Budha. Penyebaran Islam menyebab-kan munculnya corak dan varian Islam yang memiliki kekhasan dan keunikan. Hal ini harus disadari bahwa eksistensi Islam di Indonesia tidak pernah tunggal.  Dari sinilah Fasilitator  ingin melihat lebih dekat dan memberikan pemahaman  terhadap masyarakat  tentang islam multikurtur melalui advokasi terhadap santri dilampung tengah dalam pemahaman islam multikultur.

Dalam pendampingan yang dilakukan peneliti dalam pengabdian ini, di sini peneliti menggunakan metode atau model penelitian Community Based Research. Secara bahasa, istilah ini bisa diterjemahkan menjadi Penelitian berbasis Masyarakat. Kegiaan utama dari Pedampingan pelatihan ini adalah dimulai dengan memberikan pemahaman terhadap Pengurus Pondok Pesantren tentang Islam multikultur untuk mencegah adanya faham-faham Radikalisme, Pendampingan ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk pelatihan dengan Nara sumber dari Pengasuh Salah satu Pondok Pesantren dan Narasumber Pakar Sosiolog
Edukasi Pengenalan Fikih Wanita Kepada Remaja di Ponpes At-Taubah Garum Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Ainur Rofiqoh  , Asfi Burhanudin Ilham Achmad
Published: December 2022

This learning education aims to provide additional knowledge about fiqh, especially menstruation to adolescents at the Islamic boarding school at Taubah, Garum sub-district, Blitar City. Sometimes for some girls who have just entered the age of aqil baligh, it is difficult to accept the changes that occur in them. This is due to a lack of knowledge and lack of attention from parents in paying attention to their children.

The purpose of this education is to increase women's knowledge of fiqh, especially those that discuss menstruation. The researcher provides several main topics of discussion, namely, (1) the understanding of menstruation according to language and terms (2) the time of menstruation, starting from the initial age limit for a woman to be declared menstruating at the age of 9 years, (3) the minimum period of menstruation, generally menstruation and the maximum length of menstruation, (4) things that are prohibited while menstruating, (5 ) obligatory bathing after menstruation and (6) procedures for replacing the prayer after being purified from menstruation.
Penyelenggaraan Program Majalah Dinding Sebagai Solusi Meningkatkan Minat Membaca Dan Kreatifitas Menulis Pada Anak Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di TPQ Mambaul Jannah Desa Sukosari Kec. Kasembon Kab. Malang
Authors: Muhammad Bahrun Nafi’in  , Amrulloh Soni
Published: December 2022

Wall magazines are one of the simplest types of mass communication media. It is called wall magazine because the basic principle of the magazine feels dominant in it, while the presentation is usually displayed on the wall or the like. The principle of the magazine is reflected through its presentation, whether in the form of writing, images, or a combination of the two. The implementation of the wall magazine program as a solution to increase reading interest and writing creativity in children during the covid-19 pandemic at TPQ Manbaul Jannah Dusun Mangir Sukosari Kec. Kasembon Kab. Malang. Wall magazine activities that delight students with media and simple ways that can be developed in teaching-learning activities as well as help the development of creativity. Wall magazines have a fairly high role in the efforts of coaching and student formation, in aspects of knowledge, abilities, interests and talents. And as one of the facilities of student activities physically and factually and has a number of functions, namely informative, communicative, recreative, creative. The community is very supportive with the wall magazine program because many parents are concerned that their children are more active in playing hand phones to find entertainment and games, rather than to do schoolwork.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Kerajinan Tangan Dari Kain Perca Dan Kain Flannel Guna Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak Tpq Miftahul Huda Jatisari
Authors: Wifqiatul Izzah  , Ansori Miksan
Published: December 2022

Training activities for making handicrafts from patchwork and flannel cloth in TPQ Miftahul Huda children are trying to provide child skills training, sharpen fine motor, accuracy, patience, while sharpening children's brains to improve their creativity. In addition, making handicrafts also trains children to develop self-confidence. They can show their work to friends, family and parents. It illustrates their confidence that began to form through the results of work. Children's creativity will also grow and also increase through this activity. This activity can also be a new activity for children, so that they do not only play gadgets and games, so the researcher's work program is training in making handicrafts from patchwork and flannel cloth to improve children's creativity. This activity is to fulfill their creation and imagination by creating a skill that is expected to increase the creativity of TPQ children during the current pandemic.
Pendampingan Sekolah Daring Siswi Kelas VII Mts Taufiqiyyatul Asna Bukaan Saat Pandemi Covid-1¬9 di Pondok Pesantren Putri Ishlahiyyatul Asroriyyah
Authors: Badiatun Ni’mah  , Akbar Fadhil
Published: December 2022

School is a place where a child can get an education, add knowledge, a place to find identity, hone skills and much more. Therefore, even though during the COVID-19 pandemic like today the government still strives for a learning that can still be carried out even though it must be online, all this is done because an education is very important, especially for children. Which is expected that children will still get an education even though it is not optimal, of course this is because it is still where the adjustment period from offline to online, therefore researchers take the initiative to assist online schools during the current pandemic, which is expected to be able to help adjust children in undergoing online learning. In this study, the authors used the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method. The PAR method is a research model that seeks something to connect a research process in a process of social change. By directly participating in assisting Mts students in carrying out online schools with television media, it is hoped that they can maximize the implementation of online schools in terms of conditioning.
Edukasi Santri Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Wabah Virus Covid – 19 Di Pondok Pesantren Sumbersari Kencong Kepung Kediri Jatim
Authors: M. Nur Kholiq  , Ahmad Hafidz Syafrudin
Published: December 2022

This research is a santri education program in an effort to prevent the outbreak of the Covid-19 coronavirus is a virus that causes respiratory tract infections. From several existing sources, this disease is very fast spreading, factors that cause rapid transmission of the disease in pesantren are the number of students in one room, inadequate sanitation and ventilation, and santri confidence in interpreting certain diseases. The research approach used in this study is the PAR or Participatory Action Research method. Participatory Action Research is one of the research models that look for something to connect the research process into the process of social change.  The result of this research is that this activity is going well, because in the implementation of this activity we are welcomed by the chairman and board of the cottage, so that every activity of the main work program or individual gets a good feed back from smua santri in ponpes. For the individual activities of the author regarding the provision of emergency wash sinks and handwashing soaps in the guise, also received an enthusiastic welcome by the santri and administrators of some of the cottage devices.
Edukasi Akhlaqul Karimah Dalam Menuntut Ilmu Bagi Santri PP. Bahrul Ulum Klampisan Kandangan Kediri Menggunakan Kitab Ta’llim Muta’alim
Authors: Nila Mufidatu M  , Sidiq Permana Fadhila
Published: December 2022

This report discusses the learning of akhlaqul karimah in the guise of pesantren bahrul ulum, this study is motivated by the importance of understanding akhlaq because the problem is very concerned with the behavior that must be owned by a student (someone who seeks knowledge) but not all students understand about the material. This researcher aims to answer the problem: How is the understanding of ahklaq that must be owned by a santri both men and women students in seeking knowledge. Data is obtained through observation, practice, and interviews. The approach used in this study is the phenomenological approach, and all data is analyzed using descriptive analysis. This study used the PAR method. Participatory Action Research is one of the research models that look for something to connect the research process into the process of social change. The purpose of this research is to increase the knowledge of a student of Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum Kelampisan, Kandangan, Kediri. both sons and daughters against ahklaqul karimah in studying.
Meningkatkan Ekonomi Keluarga dengan Bank Sampah pada Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) Program Keluarga Harapan Kecamatan Ngronggot Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: Fawa'id Muhamad Wildan
Published: December 2022

This study explains about improving the family economy with the Waste Bank for beneficiary families (KPM) of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Ngronggot District, Nganjuk Regency. Rosok has been considered as useless waste, even though this rosok can be sold to rosok collectors and the money can be used for other purposes. KPM was built to collect and sort rosok based on its type and then sell rosok in the posts that have been prepared, which then the money from the sale is included in savings. This is considered easier to empower KPM to get side income outside the main income so that it can help the family economy. This activity is easier than giving KPM livestock and mushroom baglogs because it certainly requires greater funds and the results cannot necessarily be felt.
Edukasi Masyarakat Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pemahaman Mengenai Thaharah Bagi Muslimat Desa Kebonrejo Kediri
Authors: Jian Nurus Shofa  , Miksan Ansori
Published: December 2022

The decline of science in Islam was marked by the division of power and empire in the 12th century to the 18th century. "Most people will not believe it even if you (Prophet Muhammad) really want it" Surah Ar-Ra'd. Purity from hadats and najis is a condition for the validity of a Muslim in carrying out certain worship. The author intends to hold the filling of Thaharah material in the Kebonrejo community. So that they understand the importance of taharah in daily worship. There are so many benefits that can be taken from Taharah, one of which is proof that Islam attaches great importance to cleanliness and purity. In the study itself the author chose to use the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method. The use of individual teaching activities can increase the spirit of discussion and problem solving, and the application of this method causes the learning process to be diverse. This extended approach will lead to a diversity of learning processes, and this diversity will be a wealth of knowledge that requires further study
Edukasi Pentingnya Membaca dan Manfaat Literasi Bagi Siswa Kelas 2 Di SDN Besowo 2
Authors: Nikmatus soimah  , Ni’matul Layla
Published: December 2022

Books are one of the sources of knowledge that add insight. By reading a person can find out what is around the world. This makes books often referred to as windows to the world. Reading books is also an activity that has many benefits and is best applied at the earliest possible age or the age of children. But in reality not many children have a high interest in reading due to several factors. Especially like now. where the development of technology is very fast and rapid causing any information can be easily obtained through gadgets. So the activity of reading books is starting to be abandoned. The Teras Baca program aims to restore interest in reading in children, provide reading material for them and as a place for them to study. In this study, researchers used the LITERATURE method. The LITERATURE method is a strategy to shape the creativity of students through its 5 components, namely observing, asking, reasoning, trying, and communicating. Namely by directly holding a mimbel program for children. With this program, it is hoped that it can foster interest and instill reading habits in children.
Program Sosialisasi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kreatif dengan Pengelolaan Sampah Mandiri
Authors: Sugiyat  , Miftahul Firdaus
Published: December 2022

PKM is a form of service from the Mamba'ul Ulum Surakarta Islamic Institute to the community with the hope that knowledge can be enjoyed by the community as a means of social and charitable worship to Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. Therefore, it is appropriate if we participate in the implementation of this activity. Especially in this era of the Asean Economic Community, it is required not only to understand in theory, but also to be able to implement it in society. Socilasization of creative economy empowerment by providing skills and motivation for the community by managing waste into high-value commudities including: 1) Community development and empowerment by providing waste banks, 2) With these waste banks, all household and home waste can be managed and can be made into selling value commudities according to their respective types, 3) Managing household waste into organic compost, so that it can be packaged as hard compost and liquid compost, and has a high selling ratio, 4) Managing plastic waste in magic into various kinds of handicrafts from bags of clothes, brooches, coasters and various kinds of toys from used drinking water bottles, 5) Motivating the community to become POKDARWIS. Tourism Awareness Group, with a green environmental arrangement full of medicinal plants and ornamental plants and becoming a pilot village with the best waste management. The Socialization of Creative Economy Empowerment with Independent Waste Management was followed by residents and members of the PKK of Kemlaan Village, because it was still a pandemic period so that paeserta was very limited. The time limit so that the practice of making compost from household waste and souvenir products, accessories made from plastic waste is not optimal.
Edukasi Praktek Ubudiyah Dan BTQ (Baca Tulis Qur’an) Di Ponpes Al-Mukhtar Semen Kediri
Authors: Nabilatun Nada  , Miksan Ansori
Published: December 2022

The spirit of learning students is also a reason that must be developed, because with this reason Ponpes al-Mukhtar will further develop through the outputs of its students. Through a long period of research Ponpes al-Mukhtar is still lacking in the application of jurisprudence. Therefore, researchers will accompany in the addition of more in-depth religious knowledge material. The purpose of this mentoring activity is none other than to prepare cadres who are able to worship in accordance with the rules that have been shari'a, because women are the first educators as well as the first school for children. The process was supported by BTQ activities. The purpose of BTQ itself is to preserve and prepare the next generation to become a generation that loves the Qur'an and even makes the Qur'an a view of life. Thus, the next generation is able to worship and uphold islam according to Shari'a.
Pelatihan Pembelajaran Praktik Wudhu Dan Sholat Di Tpq An-Nuur Desa Kebonrejo
Authors: Solhah  , Sofiana Zain
Published: December 2022

Education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills needed for themselves, the people of the nation and the state. Everyone who will perform the prayers will certainly abide first. Many of us see people with perfunctory or imperfect ablutions. Sometimes there are parts of the ablution members that are not exposed to water. In fact, if they know how great the Islamic sharia about ablution is, they will certainly try to perfect their ablutions. The general purpose of implementing this program is to provide learning and practice of ablution and prayer for the anank-children of TPQ An-Nuur Kebonrejo Village and specifically the purpose of this program is to increase understanding of ablution material and prayers. The research approach used in this study is the PAR or Participatory Action Research method. . This research is one of the research models that seeks something to link the research process into the process of social change. The social change in question is how in the empowerment process can realize three benchmarks, namely the joint commitment with TPQ An-Nuur Kebonrejo Village.TPQ children themselves actually already know how to wudlu and pray, but they still need more guidance so that they can know how wudlu and prayer can be valid.
Pendampingan Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an Metode Iqro’ Di Dusun Besowo Timur Desa Besowo Kepung Kediri
Authors: Binti Munawaroh  , Doni Saputra  , Fawa'id Muhamad Wildan
Published: December 2022

Islam is a religion that uses the Qur'an and hadith as a way of life. The Qur'an commands Muslims to learn, and orders learning by reading since, the verse was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, namely in the Qur'an surah Al-'Alaq verses 1-5. a must for every Muslim and we must be able to read it correctly and tartil. This service-based research aims to assist in learning to read the Koran so that they can read the Koran correctly and tartil, especially the residents of Sumberjo Hamlet, Besowo Village. This research uses the PAR (participatory Action Research) method in which researchers take part in every activity carried out during the research. The object of research in this research is the residents of Sumberjo Hamlet, Besowo Village. This research was conducted with the community around Sumberjo Hamlet, Besowo Village. The research begins by analyzing the needs of the residents in learning the Qur'an, then designing activities, carrying out activities and evacuating the results of the transformation of activities that have been carried out. Assistance in learning al-Qur'an using the Iqra method in order to know the correct reading and tartil as well as in mentoring is also guided by memorizing short surahs, daily prayers, pillars of ablution and ablution practices, valid requirements for prayer and prayer practices so that they can be practiced in daily life. day correctly and easily.
Comparison of Extraction and Clean-up Methods Modified in Different Ways for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Bees
Authors: Dincay Orhan , Civelek Hasan Sungur
Published: December 2022

As a result of the unconscious use of pesticides, honeybees are adversely affected, thus causing colony losses all over the world. In this research, different extraction and clean-up methods were compared on bee samples based on the QuEChERS method which is the most widely used pesticide analysis method in food. This research includes application studies for the multi residue method (MRM), which allows analysis of more than one pesticide. During the extraction phase, 7 different methods were compared, while the method with the most suitable repeatability and recovery values among these methods was taken to the clean-up phase. In the clean-up phase, 5 different clean-up methods were tried on the method which yielded the best values in extraction. In terms of average percentage recovery values, the 1stextraction method ranks first with 72 active substances between 70-120%, and the 3rd clean-up method with 92 active substances. Thus, while the number of active substances with suitable recovery values in the selected extraction method was 72, it increased to 92 with the continuation of the clean-up method, achieving a success rate of 92%. It is recommended to use this method in pesticide residue analyzes in bees with its outstanding features such as completing the analyzes in a short time, working easily with the infrastructure that can be found in all control laboratories, low analysis costs, ease of use, and reliability.
Biological Evaluation of Aminoindane Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Ruzgar Damla , Akbaba Yusuf , Ozgeris Bunyamin , Gormez Arzu
Published: December 2022

The aminoindane ring is the most studied skeletal structure in synthetic chemistry, in the synthesis of intermediates and because it is a biologically active molecule. Bioactive properties of the aminoindane ring include antibacterial, antiviral, antiapoptotic, antipyretic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antiparkinsonian activities. The most important bacteria in responsibility of nosocomial infections obtained in hospitals across the world are Acinetobacter baumannii and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA and A. baumannii have become resistant to numerous antibiotics. The development of novel antibiotic drugs is thus urgently needed. This study as investigated at the antibacterial effects of previously synthsized compounds 8 and 9 on A. baumannii and MRSA disease microorganisms. Studies on antibacterial activity employed disc diffusion and microdilution techniques. The investigation revealed that whereas the pathogenic organisms of compounds 8 and 9 formed zones that inhibited bacterial development, no zones formed in compounds 5, 6, and 7. Compounds 8 and 9's zone diameters against A. baumannii and MRSA were estimated to be between 0.7 and 1.0 mm. The range of MIC values was 3.9025–15.625 µg/ml. These results was envisaged the conclusion that derivatives with an aminoindane ring may function as MRSA and A. baumannii antibacterial agents.
Edukasi Pencegahan Covid-19 Dan Pembagian Masker Di Wilayah Kampung Kroyo, Karangmalang, Sragen
Authors: Jamilatun Makhabbah , Mutmainah Aisyah Nur
Published: December 2022

Covid-19 merupakan penyakit yang perkembangannya sangat cepat dan mewabah di beberapa negara. Upaya pencegahan covid-19 dilakukan pemerintah melalui Kementerian Kesehatan dengan menginstruksikan kesadaran dan kepatuhan dalam penggunaan masker ketika di luar rumah.  Hal ini perlu dilakukan karena Covid-19 dapat dengan mudah ditularkan melalui jalur pernapasan dan melalui kontak dengan permukaan yang terkontaminasi.  Berdasarkan observasi di awal waktu pandemi, masyarakat di sekitar Kampung Kroyo, Karangmalang, Sragen, belum semuanya memahami pencegahan covid-19 dan tidak semua masyarakat menggunakan masker. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan tujuan memberikan edukasi tentang pencegahan covid-19 dan pembagian masker di Wilayah Kampung Kroyo, Karangmalang, Sragen. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah edukasi kepada warga mengenai pencegahan covid-19 dan pembagian masker. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah masyarakat di Wilayah Kampung Kroyo, Karangmalang, Sragen menjadi paham tentang pencegahan covid-19 dan paham pentingnya penerapan protokol kesehatan antara lain dengan menggunakan masker sebagai upaya pencegahan covid-19.
Determinants of sanitation practices in rural settlements of Tigania East Sub-County, Meru County
Authors: Mutiiria Susan , Rutto Jane , Muthuri Grace , Kiogora Domenic
Published: December 2022

Sanitation is one of the basic determinants of quality of life and human development index. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices are major causes of ill health and socio-economic problems, and portray a major development barrier in most developing countries. Meru County government loses 816 million shillings each year due to poor sanitation, with pit latrine coverage of 60%. Diarrhea and related illnesses account for 16% of deaths among the children below 5 years and stand second to pneumonia in Meru County. This study sought to assess the motivational determinants influencing sanitation practices in rural settlements of Tigania East Sub- County, in Meru County. A descriptive study design was used with a sample size of 150 households calculated using Fisher’s formula. Cluster sampling technique was used in categorizing Tigania East Sub-County into its respective wards and simple random sampling technique employed in selection of households from the clusters. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 using descriptive and inferential statistics for quantitative, while qualitative data was presented thematically. Findings revealed that 70% of the respondents were not satisfied with using sanitation facilities in poor states. Absence of safety, privacy, poor design of the superstructure, inaccessibility of toilets, and cultural beliefs encouraged poor sanitation practices such as open defecation. Some of the residents believed that children faeces are safe and was disposed in the garden, bush and composite pit. This was influenced by behaviour of the people within the community due to lack of knowledge on effects on sanitation practices. The study recommends the need to address motivational determinants as they influence sanitation practices in rural areas through training to the residents. The study also recommends government collaboration with sanitation-related bodies coupled with health promotion activities by Public Health Officers to support the construction of improved toilets in the study area
Effects of camel feed supplementation on milk yields and composition during early pregnancy period
Authors: Thiakunu Florence K. , Njehia K.B. , Nguhiu P.N , Arimi Joshua
Published: December 2022

A study was conducted between January and March 2022 which was the camel mating season at Ngaremara ward of Isiolo County. The objective was to determine the effect of feed supplementation on milk yield and composition in early pregnancy. It is documented that camels in pastoral environment drop milk production immediately after conception. There is limited information in literature on effects of supplementation on milk production at this stage. A complete randomized design was used to select ten camels which were supplemented with a formulated concentrate supplement made of locally available materials and ten un-supplemented which was the control. All camels were dewormed at the beginning of the study. Formulated feeds were gradually introduced to ten camels by adding 1 kg daily and enticing them with green acacia pods for 2 weeks until all supplemented were able to feed 3.5 kgs in the evening after grazing.  Mating took place naturally using a bull between 6th January and 15th February 2022 and one supplemented and two un-supplemented camels were not mated. Milking was done in the mornings after allowing the calves to stimulate the teats for the milk letdown reflex. Production of milk in litres was recorded daily and total production per camel tabulated on weekly basis. Milk samples were taken every week and analyzed for protein and fat levels. Statistical data analysis for milk yields was done by comparing weekly means using ANOVA with the help of SPSS. Mean weekly milk yields per camel in litres for the supplemented and un-supplemented was 8.6067 ± 0.23691 and 8.0797±0.26185 respectively. There was a consistent increase in milk production for the supplemented camels with a significant increase of 1.63 litres at week 3 (P<0.05). The un-supplemented camels had a consistent drop of milk production which was more significant (P<0.05) at week 5 and 7. Supplemented camels milk had percentage increase in fat content of 3.470 ±0.0300 compared to 3.157±0.0228 for the un-supplemented. The supplemented camels were mated earlier than the un-supplemented. Six supplemented and five un-supplemented were confirmed pregnant through the indigenous knowledge method of cocking the tail (kutoa mkia) when the male or a person approaches. The study concludes that feed supplementation can positively affect the lactation curve and fertility in camels. It is recommended that camels be supplemented with feed formulations made from locally available materials at around the time of mating to improve production and reproduction. Further studies are recommended to determine the effect of pregnancy on milk yields and composition.
Ideological features in Kenya Supreme Court judgments
Authors: Ndumia Elijah Chege , Ireri Humphrey Kirimi , Atieno Christine
Published: December 2022

Legal discourse is characterised by unique grammatical, lexical and stylistic features which are meant to enhance clarity and precision in the legal content. However, from a critical perspective, some of the discursive and stylistic features used alienate the common person and elevate judges and lawyers to an ideological pedestal. This study undertook a Critical Discourse Analysis of Kenya Supreme Court judgements on election petitions and civil cases with a view to investigate the discursive features used to represent legal ideology. The study was guided by Critical Discourse Analysis theory and a qualitative research design was used. The population for this study comprised the judgements made by the Kenya Supreme Court since its inception in 2010. Purposive sampling was used to identify five judgements on election petitions and civil cases. Guided by the CDA theory, features representing legal ideology were explored and discussed. The features include use of lexical stylistic features, performative verbs, legitimation, presuppositions, argumentation, interrogative forms, metaphors, precedence and predication. These features were meant to create precision and authority in the Supreme Court judgements. However, from a critical perspective, it was imminent that the features led to elevation of judges and lawyers as custodians of justice while the ordinary person was excluded from the legal process. The insight from this study is applicable to Forensic Linguistics and legal drafting. Judges and lawyers ought to use language in such a way that the common person is not excluded. Technical terminology should be used when necessary more so in contexts that involve only the legal personnel. In legal contexts that involves the ordinary person, plain language should be used.
Significance of collaborative synergies in executing EIA and audits for environmental sustainability
Authors: Mburia Lydia Nyawira
Published: December 2022

The journey of environmental auditing began in the USA in the early 1970s. An environmental impact assessment is defined as an assessment of the impacts of planned activities on the environment, biodiversity, vegetation and ecology, water, and air. Research objective was to elucidate the significance of collaborative synergies in executing EIA and Audits for environmental sustainability. The researcher applied the descriptive design in carrying out the survey in Laikipia County where a comprehensive review of literature review was done from relevant journals, conference and workshop papers, review papers, theses, books, reports, informative flyers/booklets and information available on the internet published by individual researchers, NEMA, NETFUND, UNEP and questionnaires were administered to 400 sampled respondents were the main sources of data for this paper.  Findings revealed that 30% NEMA officials carried out environmental impact assessments during the planning phase; 20% UNEP Officials provided information via conferences, workshop papers, review papers, theses, books, reports, informative flyers/booklets & responded to questionnaires on significance of collaborative synergies in executing EIA & Audits for environmental sustainability and 20% Laikipia county residents took part in Public participation on the significance of collaborative synergies in executing EIA and Audits for environmental sustainability & responded to questionnaires. 20% of NETFUND officials disseminated information on EIA & Audit Case Studies. The researcher recommended environmental safeguarding measures such as, introduction of corporate environmental policies and strategies, adequate human and institutional capacity; environmental impact assessments during the planning phase.
Phonological analysis of Kĩtigania borrowed words from the Maa Language: An optimality approach
Authors: Miriti Gervasio , Thuranira Simon
Published: December 2022

The notion of loanwords in languages that are in a contact situation is a phenomenon that is very common and unavoidable. For languages of the world, language change is remorseless, inevitable and ceaseless. This is because every day there are new innovations, change of ideas and emerging technologies that force language to be dynamic so as to keep up with the changes. Even as languages borrow, linguistic borrowing which entails loan word adaptation is an overwhelmingly phonological process. This phonological analysis has not been adequately examined in Kĩtigania borrowing from the Maa language whereby both are in contact situation. That is why this article did a phonological analysis of Kĩtigania borrowed words from the Maa language using the Optimality Theory’s markedness and faithfulness constraints. Data used in this article was collected using descriptive research design. Purposive sampling was done to select ten Maa and ten Kĩtigania speakers who were neither too old nor too young. These respondents had control over their articulators. Then interviews were conducted with all the respondents to elicit words borrowed to Kĩtigania and their meanings. The findings revealed that when borrowed segments are adapted to Kĩtigania, they undergo sound modification so that those adapted are faithful to those in the source language (Maa Language) and they are present in the Kĩtigania inventory. However, the loans undergo structure modification so as to fit the Kĩtigania syllabic structure. Nevertheless, markedness dominated faithfulness in Kĩtigania borrowing. Therefore, this article concludes that similarity of sounds between two languages brought by shared features as well as a language’s inventory and syllabic structure play a big role in Kĩtigania borrowing. In addition, different repair strategies which result to phonological processes are employed in Kĩtigania borrowing. They include; deletion, substitution and voicing or weakening.
Digitilization of academic libraries, a response to the blended mode of teaching in private higher learning institutions in Africa
Authors: Nzeyimana Daniel , Mutethia Paul , Gibendi Ruth
Published: December 2022

Academic libraries are being encouraged to digitalize their services. This idea has been supported with the advent of COVID-19 where health measures are encouraging social distancing and avoiding hand to hand distribution of documents and the limit of face to face contacts. Encouragement is being made to have a full online lectures or blended mode of teaching where there is a mixture of face to face with online courses. The main challenge in this process is that most of core books related to academic courses in libraries are in printed format and accessible only by visiting the library.It is to note that private higher learning institutions in Africa are still facing challenges related to inadequate resources as they do not get governmental finance support. This study aims to review literature on the role of digitalization of academic libraries as a response to the blended mode of teaching. The objective of the study is to investigate challenges faced by academic libraries in private higher learning institutions in Africa that limit them to satisfy their users’ needs through digitization of the library and to propose strategies that can be adopted in order to overcome those challenges. Literature reviewed found out that: The digitalization of library has a great role to play on library users’ needs satisfaction; That academic libraries are facing challenges during the digitalization process, challenges that limit fully adoption the use of internet and the digitalization of libraries in order to satisfy library users’ needs.The study recommends: the managementto avail adequate resources to libraries; hiring new personnel and deploying/retraining existing staff in ICT related to library digitalization; Training of library users on the access and use of digitalized library resources; To embrace new technology and move from printed documents accessed physically to digitalized documents accessed through internet in order to meet the users’ needs satisfaction in the age of digitalization of education.
Yellow fever virus disease: a systematic review of reemergence, incidence and mortality in Isiolo county, Kenya
Authors: Kirongo David , Marangu Victor , Rukwaro Miriam , Magambo Japhet
Published: December 2022

Yellow fever is an endemic arboviral disease caused by yellow fever virus (YFV), with high fatality. WHO (Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics) is a plan to control YFV, with strategies to be carried out from 2017 to 2026. YFV outbreaks occurred in nine African countries in 2021. The burden was estimated in 2013 to be between 84,000 and 170,000 severe cases and 29,000 to 60,000 deaths. Most of the world’s cases were reported in West and East Africa. Understanding the occurrence of yellow fever epidemics is critical for targeted interventions and control efforts to reduce the burden of disease.  A systematic review study design was used to review existing literature and data on the yellow fever incidence and mortality rates in the region. Predictors of occurrence of yellow fever outbreaks were identified to include; local mosquito populations and specific yellow fever virus strain, eco climatic conditions, sociopolitical and demographic factors including population size, density, mobility, and vaccine coverage.  Kenya declared an outbreak of yellow fever in Isiolo County after the death of three people. About 20 cases were reported in Isiolo in February. Counties bordering Isiolo were placed in the high-risk bracket. A national incident management structure to manage the outbreak was established. The team visited the epicenter of the outbreak in Merti and Garbatulla. Active case search and surveillance was done. It was noted that there was delay in case investigation. This was attributed to low index of suspicion among clinicians. It was concluded that there could be a possibility of both malaria and yellow fever outbreak in the county. The county health team was advised to heighten continued active case search and surveillance, case management and improve on risk communication to the community.
Distribution and genetic diversity of cystic echinococcosis in a non-endemic region: a one health approach
Authors: Mutwiri Titus , Magambo Japhet , Muigai Anne , Mulinge Erastus , Zeyhle Eberhard , Rogan Mike , Fèvre Eric , Falzon Laura
Published: December 2022

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) is an endemic zoonosis in pastoral communities in Kenya. However, the spread of CE to non-endemic areas is possible due to livestock trade, dogs’ roaming behaviour and limited knowledge on CE transmission. This study determined the presence of CE in humans, the genetic variability of the parasite in livestock and the role of dogs in the establishment of lifecycle in a non-endemic region.

Methodology: Screening of human CE in Bungoma County was performed using a portable ultrasound scanner, while livestock cysts were collected during meat inspection in Busia and Bungoma slaughterhouses. Around each slaughterhouse, ten dog-keeping homesteads were selected and from each homestead a dog faecal sample was collected for microscopic examination of taeniid eggs and other helminths. Copro-ELISA was performed on the dog faecal samples for detection of E. granulosus s. l. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing were performed to genotype taeniid eggs, characterize CE livestock cysts and determine the genetic diversity of E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.). Results: Out of 1002 people screened for CE; 67 (6.7%) participants had abnormal findings and, of these, 7 (1.1%) had simple liver cysts classified as CL by WHO. In livestock, E. granulosus s. s. was identified in 135/153 cysts. Eleven haplotypes for Nad1 and 19 for Cox1 gene were identified in E. granulosus s. s. Helminths detected in dogs included hookworms (n=92; 59.4%), ascarids (n=15; 9.7%), and taeniid (n=1; 0.6%). The sequences of nine (9) taeniid eggs recovered from the single taeniid positive sample identified as E. canadensis (1), T. multiceps (1) and T. serialis (6). Copro-ELISA was positive in 12/77 (15.6%) faecal samples. Conclusion: This study report for the first time E. granulosus s. s. haplotypes in livestock in East Africa and the establishment of E. granulosus s. l. and taeniids life cycle in a non-endemic region.
Mushroom: a potential anti-aging agent
Authors: Mariga Alfred
Published: December 2022

Aging is a progressive physiological change in an organism that lead to senescence or a decline of biological functions of the organism’s ability to adapt to metabolic stress. Aging takes place in a cell, an organ, or the total organism with the passage of time. As much as this is change is natural, it can be hastened by both the biotic and abiotic factors and the organism’s inherent factors. Of these factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced by various endogenous and exogenous sources has been shown to be the most potent aging agent in organisms. Almost all organisms have antioxidant defence mechanisms. However, these are often inadequate to completely prevent oxidation stress-induced damage. Consequently, antioxidant supplements or natural foods containing antioxidants may be used to reduce oxidative damage to the human body. For example, some naturally occurring foods contain fiber, pigments (e.g. betalains, carotene, Xanthophyll, lycopene and chlorophyll) and other bioactive components all of which have been shown to be strong antioxidants. Since antiquity, mushroom, a fungus, has been part of the normal human diet and currently, the amount consumed has increased greatly, involving a large number of species, both the cultivated and the wild. The increase is due to reported health benefits which have been associated with regular mushroom consumption. The main bioactive molecules in mushroom are phenolic compounds (phenolic acid and flavonoids), tocopherols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans. These bioactive molecules have been shown to have a significant antioxidant activity which is manifested by a lower EC50 value. Pleurotus eryngii, Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes and Lentinula edodes have been shown to have a high antioxidant potential. This review will discuss ROS, their effect on biological systems and the antioxidant properties of mushrooms with special attention on some popular edible and medicinal mushrooms.
Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility of escherichia coli isolated from contaminated areas of Majengo slum in Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Ombuya Jared , Gachoka Kenneth , Kagendo Dorothy , Mutea Naomi
Published: December 2022

Background: Antimicrobial drug resistance is of great concern today. Infections by the antimicrobial resistant strains of Escherichia coli, including enteropathogenic as well as enterotoxigenic strains have been reported as major causes of deaths especially among young children in low- and middle-income countries. This has been augmented by antimicrobial misuse, over the counter availability, lack of adherence to physicians’ instructions, drug misuse in animal industry, and Poor sanitation especially in informal settlements. This has majorly resulted to organisms changing the genetic make up to survive within different environments. Such microorganisms are distributed everywhere within environments posing great risk to children, adults as well as the aged, especially in informal settlements. Main objective: This study aimed at characterizing Antimicrobial Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli Isolated from Sanitation Environments of Majengo Slum in Meru County, Kenya Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 samples from soil, water and drains swabs. These were tested against 5 antimicrobial drugs by Kirby disk diffusion method. The antimicrobial discs used included Imepenem (10μg); Ceftazidime (30μg); Cefotaxime (30μg); Cefoxitin (30μg) and Ciprofloxacin (5μg).  Results: Forty-two (69%) of the samples had Escherichia coli. These recorded antimicrobial drug resistances were as follows:  Cefoxitin 52.38%, Cefotaxime 42.86%, Ceftazidime 66.67%, Ciprofloxacin 61.90% and Imipenem 59.52%.  Statistical analysis revealed a significance in comparison (Kruskal-Wallis tests) between the two strata. Statistic=19.87938408896494 (P 0.00052). Conclusion: This study showed that Escherichia coli isolated from Majengo is pathogenic and resistant to antibiotics. Detection of Escherichia coli pose a great risk in the spread of resistant strains in human. Recommendation: Proper sanitation and hygiene awareness practices should be provided through education to the residents of this area.
Pit emptying stakeholder preferences in informal settlements: case study of Mukuru kwa Reuben and Mukuru kwa Njenga, Kenya.
Authors: Kiarie Yvonne , Riungu Joy , Parker Alison , Karani Caroline , Kiogora Domenic
Published: December 2022

This study established the sanitation stakeholder’s preference for the most suitable type of sanitation technology for the informal settlement. Manual pit emptiers had formed a community-based organization that was supported by a container-based sanitation company. The container-based sanitation company supported the CBO pit emptiers through provision of a transfer station that had a septic tank for containment of liquid waste. The household users were grouped into three: households’ tenants’ toilets, landlords of households’ toilets and caretakers or landlord representative of households’ toilets. The study adopted descriptive case study research design that enabled collection and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data in Mukuru Kwa Rueben and Mukuru kwa Njenga. Semi-structured questionnaires were used as primary collection tools, collection technique included observation, pictures, and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0, qualitative data was presented in a reported way. There is insufficient research on stakeholder preference in informal settlements. Although some studies have been conducted on slum sanitation, no published study has explored stakeholder preferences in sanitation technologies specifically in these study areas. The study will give baseline information on the sanitation preference of the stakeholders in Mukuru kwa Njenga and Mukuru kwa Rueben in Nairobi, Kenya.The study established that CBS service provision was the most preferred sanitation technology among 39.2% of the household tenants, 55% among the landlords, 40% caretakers. The results from this study can be applied by the container-based company providers operating and sanitation service providers in low-income high-density settlement for scaling up emptying practices and sanitation technologies.