bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the composition of an administrative offense related to violation of the rules of quarantine of people
Authors: Martsun M. I.
Published: August 2022

The research is devoted to the study of the composition of an administrative offense related to violations of the rules of quarantine of people. The general, generic, and direct objects of administrative offense are defined. The general object of an administrative offense under Art. 44-3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses is the order of public administration, the generic object is public relations in health care, and the direct one is the health of the individual.

A list of acts that constitute the objective side of the offense has been established. The objective aspect of an administrative offense is the violation of the rules on human quarantine and sanitary and hygienic rules established by law or decisions of public authorities and local governments. Staying in public places without personal protective equipment that covers the nose and mouth also entails administrative liability under Art. 44-3 of Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses.

The list of the citizens and the officials belonging to subjects of offense is made. Special subjects of an administrative offense may be officials of public authorities and local governments, the State Service for Food Safety and Consumer Protection, enterprises, institutions, and organizations responsible for implementing measures to control infectious diseases.

The subjective side of the violation of the rules of quarantine of people is given. It is proposed to consolidate the objective side of the administrative offense established in Part 1 of Art. 44-3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses as follows: “Violation of sanitary protection measures of the territory of Ukraine established by the legislation and decisions of state power and local self-government bodies”. Amendments to the legislation on administrative offenses are designed to improve the legal regulation of administrative liability for violating the rules of quarantine of people.
Legal responsibility in the structure of the legal status of foreigners and stateless persons
Authors: Rubanenko A. M.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to an important and topical issue, that is the essence of legal responsibility as a structural element of the legal status of foreigners and stateless persons. It is noted that the concept of “responsibility” is used by many branches of scientific knowledge, which imbue it with a peculiar meaning determined by their subject. In a broad sense, responsibility is a special relationship between human actions (people, institutions), intentions, as well as evaluations of these actions by other people or society.

It has been proven that social responsibility depends on the sphere of social activity, in connection with which political, moral, social, legal and other types of responsibility are distinguished. Social and legal responsibility are related as a genus and species. The issue of responsibility is relevant not only for the theory of law, but also for all branches of science, as it is essential for understanding the essence and role of the legal status of a person in general and of a foreigner and stateless person in particular.

Three key approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “legal responsibility” are analyzed, namely: retrospective, positive and two-aspect. According to the first, legal responsibility is the legal obligation of the offender to suffer adverse consequences determined by the state for the illegal act committed by him or her. According to the second, legal responsibility is lawful behavior, the obligation to comply with prohibitions, the fulfillment of positive duties, as well as the permissions granted and guaranteed by the state for the exercise of subjective rights, the use of state incentives, recognition. The third approach assumes that retrospective legal responsibility results from a breach of positive legal responsibility.
International legal determination of the national minorities’ status in the Central and Eastern European countries within the Versailles system
Authors: Dedurin G. G.
Published: August 2022

Peculiarities of the international legal status determination of the national minorities within the Versailles system have been studied using the example of a number of Central and Eastern European countries. The governments of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary were asked, based on the norms of international law, to develop appropriate provisions for the protection of the rights of national minorities in order to prevent new conflicts and threats to peace.

The system of treaties, declarations and agreements, which were supposed to ensure the observance of the rights of national minorities and whose guarantor was the League of Nations, has been analyzed. In practice, this was embodied in giving minorities the right to submit petitions to the Council or Assembly of the League of Nations, as well as in the activities of the Permanent Chamber of International Justice. The right to submit petitions was used at different times by representatives of the Ruthenian minority in Czechoslovakia, the Russian minority in Eastern Galicia, the Jewish minority in Hungary, the German minority in Poland, etc.

The weaknesses of this system have been identified, which prevented the creation of effective international mechanisms for the protection of the rights of national minorities in the specified regions of Europe. In particular, it has been emphasized that the majority of treaties, conventions, treatises, etc. were openly sabotaged by the countries that were supposed to fulfill them. The governments of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe considered the proposed system unequal, because its conditions did not apply to a number of other multinational states that had similar problems. Conflict situations surrounding the problem of national minorities continued to arise. They were caused by various factors: from divided loyalties and irredentist movements to manifestations of governmental and social discrimination.
Access to information about the activities of the Security Service of Ukraine in the context of countering disinformation
Authors: Marushchak A. I. , Kudriavtseva N. O.
Published: August 2022

Rapid globalization and informatization of everyday processes, mass use of Internet resources and social networks contribute to the uncontrolled spread of disinformation. A general analysis of the concept of disinformation was carried out, its various interpretations were considered, and it was highlighted in broad and narrow understandings. The measures implemented by Ukraine to combat this dangerous phenomenon are outlined. Separate characteristics of the concept of “disinformation” are provided. On the example of the Security Service of Ukraine, the peculiarities of citizens' access to information about its activities are considered, the possibility of using mechanisms of access to public information in the context of countering disinformation about the state body is investigated. Thus, the role of timely and high-quality filling of official web resources of authorities, in particular the Security Service of Ukraine, was considered. It has been proven that the sites are official sources of reliable information about the work of state bodies, which is why they most often become the object of cyber attacks. The effectiveness of speeches in the mass media, control over the work of electronic mailboxes, as well as the peculiarities of official publications in social networks were analyzed. An overview of the official pages of the Security Service of Ukraine was carried out, and the information posted there was analyzed. The issue of access to public information through the provision of answers to requests was studied, the list of features of the realization of the right to information in wartime was analyzed. Since operational access to public information (via official websites, social networks) that is of significant public interest and is, in particular, related to the implementation of human rights to life, health, freedom and safety (about accidents, disasters and other extraordinary events, that have happened or may happen and threaten the safety of citizens) is important in wartime conditions, then any restrictions by the state bodies on the constitutional right of citizens to send individual or collective appeals and receive a response are inadmissible. The importance of the research lies in its universality and the possibility of practical use of the analysis results to improve the effectiveness of the work to counter disinformation of other state authorities.
International students and the politics of vulnerability
Authors: Deuchar Andrew
Published: August 2022

A significant about of educational research has foregrounded the challenges international students face while living learning abroad. While “challenge centric” research has been productive for highlighting the needs of international students, it has tended to reify international students as a vulnerable group in need of intervention. This approach has often downplayed international students’ agency and has not fully moved beyond the boundaries of deficit thinking. This article discusses the implications of framing international students as a vulnerable group before offering some conceptual starting points that might orient future research in more productive directions. It suggests that foregrounding the agency of international students offers a promising mode of reanimating research, and briefly discusses the methodological, conceptual, and political implications of doing so.
Laranja da Terra: Evidências Científicas para Diferentes Aplicações Terapêuticas
Authors: Moura Regina B. , Areas Thais F.
Published: August 2022

O interesse em se confirmar cientificamente o valor terapêutico das plantas medicinais indicadas pelo uso popular tem sido pesquisado de forma significativa e tem contribuído para o seu uso com segurança e eficácia, além de descoberta de novos medicamentos. Citrus aurantium, conhecida vulgarmente como laranja da terra, é indicada pelo uso popular para o tratamento de diferentes sintomas e doenças, desde dor, até emagrecimento. O presente estudo teve como objetivo reunir dados científicos que dêem suporte às diferentes indicações do uso popular da C. aurantium. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica usando-se livros e artigos científicos, publicados entre os anos de 1954 a 2009. Os artigos científicos foram selecionados a partir das bases Medline, Lilacs, Pubmed e Science direct. C. aurantium possui nos óleos essenciais presença majoritária do limoneno e mirceno, que conferem atividade no sistema nervoso central e, por isso, usada como sedativo e anticonvulsivante. Em extratos de diferentes partes da planta encontram-se vários flavonóides comuns em frutos cítricos, que possuem atividades no tratamento de transtornos respiratórios, como anorexígena, antiedematogênica, antiespasmódica e antitumoral. Entretanto, pesquisas em toxicologia evidenciaram efeitos no sistema cardiovascular como consequência do seu uso. Desta forma, conclui-se que há evidências científicas que sustentem as diversas indicações terapêuticas atribuídas à C. aurantium pelo conhecimento popular, que deve ser usado criteriosamente.
Uma análise das relações públicas como instrumento de resoluções de conflitos
Authors: Santos Jonas de Brito
Published: August 2022

Os conflitos são efeitos naturais resultantes do pensamento humano. Eles podem ser definidos como: choque de duas forças que são contrárias, antagônicas ou opostas. Na maioria das vezes, o conflito, acaba por ser algo destrutivo, tanto no âmbito pessoal, quanto no âmbito interpessoal e organizacional, estando associado, por vezes, às relações e dinâmicas organizacionais. Nesse contexto, observa-se que há uma grande dificuldade em geri-los de forma que suas consequências não afetem negativamente os envolvidos na corporação. Mediante a isto, destaca-se o profissional de Relações Públicas (RP), que entre suas funções, exerce atividades relacionadas a resolução de conflitos, possuindo funções técnicas, práticas e estratégicas ligadas à comunicação nas organizações. Diante disso, o presente artigo, visou responder: como o profissional de Relações Públicas pode atuar na resolução de conflitos? O objetivo, portanto, é compreender como o profissional de Relações Públicas pode atuar na resolução de conflitos. A metodologia desta pesquisa caracteriza-se em uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Desta forma, abordou-se, brevemente, sobre as Relações Públicas e seu surgimento no Brasil, bem como sobre algumas definições de conflitos, especificamente, as que ocorrem nas organizações, ressaltando a relevância do gerenciamento delas. Após isto, abordou-se algumas ações que podem ser desenvolvidas pelo profissional de RP a fim de promover a resolução dos conflitos organizações. Por fim, pode-se concluir que este profissional atua como uma ponte a fim de conduzir vários problemas que venham a surgir, devendo agir sempre de forma profissional, desenvolvendo estratégias e planos estratégicos para que a boa reputação da empresa se mantenha ou melhore e os conflitos internos sejam sanados.
The effect of different root canal irrigants on the sealing ability of Bioceramic sealer.
Authors: Al-Zaka Dr. Iman M. , Atta-Allah Dr. Ammar Atta-Allah , Al-Gharrawi Dr. Hikmet A. , Mehdi Dr. Jamal Aziz
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different irrigants (EDTA,MTAD, CHX) on the sealing ability of new Bioceramic root canal sealer. Materialand methods: A total of sixty extracted human single-rooted premolar teeth wereused. After instrumentation, teeth were randomly divided into three main groups(n=20) according to the type of final irrigants used. In group (A) 17% EDTA wasused. Group (B) irrigants was MTAD. In group (C) irrigant was 2% CHX. Each maingroup further subdivided into two subgroup (n=10) according to the type of sealerused. Subgroup (1) canals obturated with Bioceramic sealer. In subgroup (2) canalsobturated with AH plus sealer. After incubation period for one week the roots wereplaced in 2% methylene blue dye and kept in incubator for 48 hours then the rootswere cleared, dye penetration measured by stereomicroscopic. Results: statisticalsignificant difference was found between groups (p<0.001). In subgroup (1) BC sealer& CHX showed the lowest mean of leakage in comparing to other type of irrigantswith highly significance difference with BC sealer & EDTA. In subgroup (2) AH Plus& EDTA showed the lowest mean of apical leakage. A highly significance differenceswas found between subgroup (1) and subgroup (2) for all type of irrigants.(p<0.001).Conclusion: when Bioceramic sealer is used in obturation of root canalsystem, it is better to use it in combination with CHX irrigant to improve the apicalseal.
The Effect of local injection of strontium on inhibition and repair of orthodontically induced root resorption in rats (An experimental study)
Authors: Al-Duliamy Dr.Munad J. , Saloom Dr.Hayder F. , Shebeeb Dr.Adil H. , Mustafa Dr.Ghada M.
Published: August 2022

Background: Strontium (Sr) is an alkaline earth trace metal cation that has a highaffinity for hydroxyapatite. This study aimed to examine the histological effect oflocally injected strontium (Sr) on prevention and repair of induced root resorptionof rat molar subjected to orthodontic tooth movement.Materials and Methods: Eighteen ten-week- old male Wister rats were randomlydivided into two groups of nine animals for two experiments. In both experiments;uniform standardized expansive springs were used to move maxillary first molarsbuccally for three weeks and then removed. In experiment No.1, at the time ofspring placement, 0.25 ml of the strontium chloride solution at a concentration 240mg/ml was injected at the sub-periosteum of the buccal side of the maxillary leftfirst molar which was the experimental side. On other hand, 0.25 ml of distilledwater was injected at the sub-periosteum of the buccal side of the right maxillaryfirst molar which was the control side. The injections repeated every other day forthree weeks whereas in experiment 2 it was begun at the day of spring removal andrepeated every other day for another three weeks. After that the animals werescarified humanly and biopsies were taken for histological examination.Results: In experiment 1 the side injected with strontium showed statisticallysignificant lesser root resorption than control side, while in experiment two thestrontium injected side showed significantly more repair.Conclusion: Results of the study suggested that local injection of strontium caninhibit root resorption process and enhance repair.
Oroantral communication - A clinical and radiographic retrospective study of 39 Iraqi patients
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Jamal A.
Published: August 2022

Background: oroantral communication (OAC) is abnormal connection between oralcavity and maxillary sinus. OAC is a rare, well known complication, mostlyoccurs after the extraction of upper posterior teeth, and if not treated lead toformation of oroantral fistula (OAF) and many complications .surgical repair isvery necessary to prevent further complications .The aim of this study to evaluateand analyze the clinical, radiographic aspects of 39 Iraqi patients with oroantralfistula.Materials and methods :the study was carried on 39 patients with oroantral fistulareported to the Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery ,college of dentistry,University of Baghdad ,and private practice from 1983 to 2010 .data regarding theage ,sex , cause ,site ,radiographic features and types of radiographs ,signs andsymptoms ,duration ,relation to the adjacent teeth , sinus disease ,methods oftreatment .Results: 39 cases of OACs, 26 male, 13 female, the age range was20-65 with a meanage 44.5 year. Highest incidence was seen in the third and fourth decade of life61.4%. The highest frequency of OACs was seen in relation to upper first molar48.7% .the commonest cause was complicated extraction 51.2% .pain andtenderness was the most prominent symptoms 80%, escape of fluid from the nosewas the most prominent sign 75.6%.there was a long delay in the diagnosis andtreatment .most of the OACs occurs near the edentulous areas, occipitomentalradiograph was not reliable in detection of displaced roots. Buccal advancementflap was the main method in treatment 81.2%.Conclusions: OACs a rare complication, its management need good clinical andradiological experience, and the treatment should be individualized to have goodresults.
Evaluation of Immediate post-extraction implants of 34 patients in Basrah province
Authors: Altaee Dr. Riad G.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of the immediate postextractionimplants without incision or primary flap closure.Patients and Methods: The study included 34 patients in good general health,referred to the department of oral surgery in the specialized center of dentistry inBasra between August 2009 and July 2010, immediate post extraction implanttreatment 20(58.82 % ) female and 14(41.18%)male, aged 22 to 53 years withmean age 32.85 . Each patient had a tooth that required extraction, and each had atleast 4 mm of bone beyond the root apex. After tooth extraction, the implants wereimmediately placed without incision or flap elevation. Implant sites showing bonebone defects or bone fenestrations, were excluded from this study. The secondstagesurgical procedure was performed4 months after the first procedure. Thefollowing clinical parameters were evaluated at the time of implant placement andat second stage surgery: peri-implant radiolucency and marginal bone loss, whichwere evaluated radiographically.Results: The postsurgical healing period was uneventful for all patients. Soft tissueclosure over the implant sites was achieved in1to 3 weeks after surgery at all sites.At second stage surgery, no peri-implant bone defects were observed or detectedby probing. The soft tissue anatomy was considered clinically acceptable in allpatients.Conclusions: Immediate post-extraction implant treatment is an implant alternativewith a survival rate similar to that of the conventional technique for implantplacement and enables preserving both the bone structure and gingivalarchitecture.
Oral Manifestations, Biochemical, and IL-6 Analysis of Saliva in Epileptic Patients under Treatment
Authors: Al-Aswad Dr. Fawaz Dawood , Fawzi Dr. Omar Faridh
Published: August 2022

Background: From the ancient Greek (epilepsia). Seizure is common and diverse setof chronic neurological disorders characterized by seizures.Patients and Methods: The sample population comprised 10 epilepsy patients and 10persons with no history of systemic disease, oral manifestation was recorded aswell as saliva samples were taken. The IL-6, alkaline phosphatase and totalsalivary proteins had been measured.Results: The most frequent oral manifestation was gingival hyperplasia 85.7%, anddry mouth 75%, increased level of IL-6 and total salivary proteins in epilepsypatients receiving treatment, when comparing the level of alkaline phosphatase,slightly decreased in study group, with no statistical significance.Conclusion: In addition to the systemic effects of antiepileptic medication, and oraleffects, including saliva composition and oral manifestation was recorded also.Therefore epileptic patients are at an increased risk of developing dry mouth,gingival hyperplasia, and alteration in saliva composition compared with healthsubjects..
Evaluation of the cytological changes of oral mucosal cells in Smokers by using Exfoliative Pap Stain.
Authors: Al Bahrani Dr.Ahlam Jaber
Published: August 2022

Oral cancer is a major public health issue worldwide; it remains a highly lethal anddisfiguring disease. in Iraq little is written regarding the occurrence of oral cancer.The aim of this study is To examine the effect of smoking oral mucosa cytological.Hundred men aged between 40 and 70, comprising 50 smokers and 50 non smokers.Material for exfoliative cytology was collected with a metal spatula from thelateral border of the patient’s tongue and from the floor of the mouth and the sampleswere then submitted for Papanicolaou staining. Then cytologic smears were classifiedaccording to Papanicolaou’s classification. the results of the current study reveals thatthere is a significant association between smoking (number of cigarette smoked perday and the duration of smoking (year) and the occurrence of cytological changes inthe oral mucosa ,p <0.001.and there is a significant association between the age andthe papanicolaou’s classes ,p<0.001..
Centering ability and canal transportation of : ProTper,Mtwo,WaveOne,Reciproc in simulated curved canals (A comparative study)
Authors: Mahdi Dr. Jamal A. , Maruish Dr. Rafal M.
Published: August 2022

Background: this study was conducted to compare the centering ability and canaltransportation of: Protaper, Mtwo, WaveOne, Reciproc in simulated curvedcanals.Materials and methods: Eighty simulated curved canals of 40° curvature weredivided into four groups and prepared to an apical size 25 using a crown-downtechnique for ProTaper instruments and single length technique for Mtwoinstruments and single file technique for WaveOne and Reciproc instruments. Thefollowing parameters were evaluated: outer and inner canal transportation andthe centering ability. The measurements were carried out at five different levels.Pre-and postoperative images of the canals were taken at 40X magnification byaid of stereomicroscope. An assessment of the canals shape was determined usingPhotoshop CS2 and AutoCAD software. The data were analyzed statistically usingANOVA and LSD test.Results: Considering canal transportation, the direction of transportation of rotaryNiTi instruments was usually toward the inner aspect at middle parts of the canaland toward the outer aspect of the curve at the apex of curve and the end ofpreparation. Waveone and Reciproc files were showed a better maintaining itsoriginal curvature with less straightening and transportation especially at the endof preparation of simulated canals. WaveOne and Reciproc instruments obtainedbetter centering ability at all levels especially at the end point of preparationcomparing with Protaper and Mtwo instruments.Conclusions: WaveOne and Reciproc instruments maintained the original curvaturesignificantly better than ProTaper and Mtwo.
Apical microleakage evaluation of three different root canal Obturation techniques using dye penetration evaluation method
Authors: Saeed Dr. Dara H.
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives: The aim of root canal obturation in endodontictreatment is to prevent communication between the oral cavity and periapicaltissues. Several techniques had been introduced to achieve complete filling of theroot canal system. It had been noted that more researches are needed to establishstandard techniques of root canal filling, and all the techniques should becompared for filling root canals. The aim of this study was to compare the apicalsealing ability of three different obturation techniques.Methods: Thirty single rooted teeth were collected and randomly divided into threegroups. There were 10 teeth in each group. The teeth were obturated by guttapercha as follows: Groups 1 with Thermafil, Groups 2 with Soft core, and Groups3 with System B. The apical leakage in these groups was evaluated using a dyepenetration method.Results: The lowest mean rank of leakage was observed for system B and the highestwas observed for the thermafil groups. The difference between Thermafil, softcore and system B was statistically not significant by using Kruskal Wallis test.Conclusion: System B obturation technique show less microleakage than soft coreand thermafil techniques although the differences was not significant.
Measuring and comparing the shear bond strength of acrylic resin veneer to nickel –chromium alloy after different metal surface treatments
Authors: Mansoor Dr. Nidhal Sahib , Al-Jorani Dr. Lateef Essa , Salman Dr. Farhan Dakhil
Published: August 2022

The bond strength of metal-resin interface of prosthesis is a key factor indetermining the serviceability of that prosthesis. The main objective of this study wasto determine the effect of different surface treatment on the shear bond strength of Ni-Cr alloy (CB-Blando 72 alloy) and heat cured acrylic veneer resin (Ivoclar Co.).Onehundred twenty eight disc shaped samples from base plate wax were prepared, thediameter of disc was (8mm×4.5mm).After casting the metal, the samples werecleaned, finished, and polished by silicon carbide abrasive paper with a grit size(600μm), and then the profilometer was used to determine the surface roughness ofthe samples (Ra) which ranged between (0.09-0.13μm). Then the samples weredivided into 2 categories ,each category contain (64)samples which also weresubdivided into 8 group ,the first category include (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) and thesecond category include (At, Bt, Ct, Dt, Et, Ft, Gt, Ht), according to the metal surfacetreatment which include :Group A, At: Received no treatment and serve as control.Group B, Bt: Received chemical treatment using chemical bonding agent (Metalprimer II).Group C, Ct: Received micromechanical treatment using air abrasion with 50μmAl2O3.Group D, Dt: Received micromechanical treatment using air abrasion with 50μmAl2O3 +metal primer IIGroup E, Et : Received micromechanical treatment using air abrasion with110μmAl2O3.Group F, Ft: Received micromechanical / chemical treatment using (airAbrasion110μm Al2O3 + metal primer II application).Group G ,Gt: Received micromechanical treatment using air abrasion 250μm Al2O3.Group H, Ht: Received micromechanical /chemical treatment using (air abrasion250μm Al2O3 +metal primer II).The acrylic was then prepared as round shape (8mm in diameter and 2mm inthickness) that was placed on the metal surface treatment; the acrylic was fabricated inthe same conventional way for construction veneer resin.For the specimens in the first category, the specimens were tested under drycondition, while in the second category; the specimens were tested after (24) hoursstorage in water room temperature (37˚C) and (1000 time) thermocycling. The shearbond strength was tested in instron universal testing machine.The results before and after thermocycling showed that the air abrasion with50μm Al2O3 plus metal primer II group gave the highest shear bond values, followedby air abrasion with 110μm Al2O3 plus metal primer II, followed by air abrasion with50μm Al2O3, followed by air abrasion with 250μm Al2O3 plus metal primer II,followed by air abrasion with 110μm Al2O3, followed by air abrasion with 250μm,followed by metal primer II group, and followed by untreated group.Also after thermocycling showead that the micromechanical/chemical treatment(air abrasion with Al2O3+metal primer II) gave the highest and more durable shearbond strength values than other groups
Evaluation of the amount of apically extruded debris using different root canal instrumentation systems
Authors: Hussein, Dr. Hashim M. , Al-Zaka Dr. Iman M.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debrisusing 5 types of nickel–titanium endodontic instruments (Hand ProTaper, RotaryProTaper, Rotary Mtwo, RECIPROC and WaveOne). Seventy-five freshly extractedmandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. All teeth were shortened to alength of 14mm. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups (each groupcontaining 15 samples) according to the type of instrumentation systems used. GroupI: instrumented by hand ProTaper system (Hand technique). Group II: instrumentedby rotary ProTaper system. Group III: instrumented by rotary Mtwo system. Group1V: instrumented by single file RECIPROC system. Group V: instrumented by singlefile WaveOne system. Debris extruded from the apical foramen was collected intopre-weighed glass vials. The difference between the weights of vial (pre-weight andpost-weight) represented the weight of debris extruded from apical foramen duringcanal preparation. The results showed that all groups induced extrusion of debris,Mtwo group (III) has statistically the lowest mean value of apically extruded debris incomparing with all other groups, followed by rotary ProTaper (II), hand ProTaper (I),and WaveOne (V) groups respectively. While the RECIPROC group (IV) hasstatistically highest mean value.
Evaluation of the effect of hypochlorite cleanser on water sorption and solubility of flexible and conventional hot – cure – acrylic denture base. (A comparative study)
Authors: Jawad Dr. Raya Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Background: One of the primary applications for thermoplastics flexible resinsinvolved flexible partial dentures tooth born and combination flexible andchromium cobalt framework partial denture. There are certain to be many newclinical applications for thermoplastic resins in dentistry. The cleansers effectmaturity of the sterilization of acrylic resin denture base; therefore, it usingchemical or physical methods can minimize the risk of periodontal disease such asdenture related stomatitis in denture users.This study aims: to evaluate of the effect of hypochlorite cleanser on the watersorptsion and solubility of flexible and conventional hot – cure acrylic resindenture base. Compare the results on the water sorption and solubility betweenspecimens.Methods: Sixty of flexible and hot –cured acrylic resin specimens were prepared asfollowing:30 samples from hot – cure acrylic divided into two group 15 specimens immersein the hypochlorite and 15 specimens immerse in the water. The process is curedin the water bath according to the conventional method. 30 specimens fromflexible resin divided into two group 15 specimens immerse in the hypochloriteand 15 specimens immerse in the water. The process is cured in the plasticinjection machine.Results: showed highly significant differences among these groups. It showed that thehot – cured acrylic high water sorption and lower solubility and the flexible resinlower water sorption and high solubility.Conclusion:1. The comparison between the hot –cured acrylic and flexible resin denture baseimmersed in the hypochlorite and water on the water sorption is higher of thehot –cure acrylic and lower of the flexible resin.2. The flexible resin denture base immersed in the hypochlorite and water ishigher solubility compared with the hot –cured acrylic is lower solubility.
Prevalence of Radix Entomolaris &Radix paramolaris in the extraction of permanent mandibular first and second molar (5-year clinical study)
Authors: Abdulla Dr. Emad H.
Published: August 2022

Aim: To determine the Prevalence of Radix Entomolaris & Radix paramolaris in thelower molar teeth during their extraction.Introduction: mandibular molar is the earliest permanent posterior tooth to erupt,responsible for development of occlusion and important physiologic functions likechewing. Permanent molars was the most common teeth needing extraction inIraq. Thus, it is of utmost importance that the clinician be familiar with variationsin the root and root can Mandibular molarsMaterials and Methods: A clinical Study for 5- years done 0n 842 extracted teeth. Inthe Department of oral and maxilla-facial surgery clinic, college of dentistry,university of Tikrit.Results: Radix Entomolaris Radix& paramolaris was found in38 of the extractedteeth with prevalence of 4.5 % with95 % confidence ranging between (3.1-5.9%).1st molar consistuited about 3 / 4 (76.7 %) of the study sampling .On over allthe prevalence rate of this root variant was slightly higher among females. Alsothe position of this variation shows that the right side significantly higher.Conclusion: The high frequency of an extra root in mandibular molars makes itessential for dentist to be familiar with this anatomical variation. . Furtherextensive research is warranted to detect the incidence of this anatomical variationin the complete Iraqi population
A comparison of preparing curved canals using NiTi Engine-driven and K-flexo endodontic instruments
Authors: Mahdi Jamal A. , Al-Zaka Iman M. , Jasim Haider H.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the combined effect of ProTaper file rotary instruments to K-flexo file hand instruments in curved canals in terms of instrumentation time, change in working length, and spreader penetration depth. Thirty curved mesial canals of extracted mandibular molars were used in this study, divided into two groups (15) canals for each group. In group I the canals were prepared with NiTi ProTaper file with slow speed contra angle hand piece (300rpm). In group II the canals were prepared by step-back technique with Gates-Glidden using stainless steel K-flexo hand instruments. Students't-test revealed that there was a highly significant difference between group I and group II in preparation time, and change in working length. In group II spreader penetrated significantly closer to working length than in group I.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of newly designed motor-driven fiberglass burs versus hand instrumentation in open root planing
Authors: Khamrco Tarik Y. , Badea Raed A. , Mehdi Jamal A.
Published: August 2022

The present study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of newly designedmotor-driven fiberglass burs in root planing and compare it to manual instrumentationusing universal curette. Twelve patients complaining from periodontitis with deepperiodontal pockets were involved in this study. A total number of 139 pocket sitesreceived root planing by motor-driven fiberglass burs and 131 pocket sites wereplaned manually by curette.The root planing procedure was opened type; it was performed by modifiedwidman flap operation. The clinical parameters that were used in this study are(plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and relative attachmentlevel). They were recorded in 4 periodic visits 2 of them before treatment and 2 aftertreatment to assess the improvement and to make a comparison between the twomethods of treatment.The results revealed that there was a significant improvement in all of the clinicalparameters after treatment with fiberglass burs.Also the results showed that that there was no significant difference between theimprovement that was implemented by the two methods of treatment.
Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in oral surgery Clinical study on 58 Iraqi patients
Authors: Alhamdani Dr. Faaiz Y.
Published: August 2022

Preoperative prophylactic protocol in oral surgery is well established practice; stillit’s not used in Iraqi surgical centers. The aim of this study is to show thatpreoperative protocol is reliable surgical practice.58 patients, selected from the attendant of oral surgery clinic in Alkaramaspecialized dentistry center/Baghdad, were subjected to various oral surgicalprocedures 59 operations under local anesthesia. These patient were given single doseantibiotic prophylaxis preoperatively after we divide them into 3 groups, 1st groupwere given 1 gm amoxicillin (control group),second group were given 1 million i.u. ofprocaine penicillin; 3rd group were given 500 mg ampicillin vial,. The maximum timefor all procedures was 2 hours.We concluded that preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis can be used safely in outpatient’s oral surgical procedures, on Iraqi patient with minimum complications.
Investigate the effect of three types of denture adhesives on the retention of a poorly fitting maxillary complete denture (Clinical Study)
Authors: Abed Albaki Dr. Mohammed A.
Published: August 2022

Background: In this study the forces required to dislodge poorly fitting maxillary complete denture where compared with saliva alone and at different time intervals with the use of three types of denture adhesives, one paste type (Fittydent) and two cream types (Protefix and Incydent).Materials and Methods: Ten subjects with age range between 47-65 years Who wore a maxillary and mandibular complete dentures were selected for this study with their maxillary dentures are lacked sufficient retention(poorly fitting), the dislodgment forces were measured with the aid of a strain gauge force transducer and strain measuring device. The measurements were performed with saliva alone as a control interface medium and at different time intervals (baseline, 1 hour, and 2 hours) after the application of the adhesives.Results: Comparing dislodgement forces using t-test show a highly significant difference (P<0.ooo1) in the amount of retention for all adhesives used at different time intervals in comparison to its values with saliva alone. The Fittydent adhesive paste show a highly significant difference in comparison to Protefix and Incydent adhesives cream at different time intervals.Conclusion: All denture adhesives used were improved the retention of poorly fitting maxillary complete denture but the Fittydent adhesive paste was more effective in increasing the retention than Protefix and Incydent adhesives cream.
Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin In saliva For the Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Alsa'ady Dr. Ammar A. , Abed Dr. Hayder Hamed , Elian Dr. Suzan Mohammed
Published: August 2022

The use of antibiotics as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases is of special interest to dental practitioners. In addition to using an appropriate antibacterial agent, clinicians may find it useful to determine the local and systemic concentrations of antibiotics in infected periodontal sites to reduce the levels of bacteria. The purpose of this study is the determination of the ciprofloxacin concentration in saliva; as well as investigates the efficiency of triethylamine and acetonitrile mobile phase in separation of ciprofloxacin in saliva.Ten Subjects were given orally a single dose of 500-mg. ciprofloxacin, then 0.5 ml saliva samples were collected into centrifuge tubes (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hrs) after dosing, samples were centrifuged and the separated were injected to HPLC using triethylamine and acetonitrile mobile phase after adjacent the pH at 3.0 ± 0.1 with phosphoric acid at flow rate 1.5 ml/min.Ciprofloxacin tablets used in this study within the specification and meet the USP requirements in weight variation, disintegration time, dissolution and assay. The obtain result from HPLC method recorded saliva concentration of ciprofloxacin within one day run ranged from 0.062 to 2.0298 mg. / L while day to day run from 0.071-2.030 mg/L. The other pharmacokinetic parameters are: the mean concentration of ciprofloxacin 4.233 μg/ml, C max 3.285, AUC 0-∞ 20.388 μg. h/ ml, and T max 1.203.The results of this clinical study show that the detection of ciprofloxacin in saliva represents the distribution of the drug in saliva and indicated the suitability for ciprofloxacin in dentistry treatments, and The HPLC method provided successful method for mentoring the ciprofloxacin in saliva with a detection limit reach 1.2 ng/ ml. The analysis method are sensitive, reproducible, low coast and efficient for low concentration
Periodontal treatment needs among dental and non dental Iraqi students (A comparative study)
Authors: Jawad Dr. Kadhim Jawad , Badea Dr. Raed A . , Shabeeb Dr. Adel H.
Published: August 2022

The direct relation between periodontal disease and the oral hygiene level on one hand and the level of education on the other hand were repeatedly proved throughout a large number of epidemiologic periodontal studies. Based on this fact, one can conclude that the periodontal treatment need among highly educated individuals (as university students) seems to be less than that of individuals with low educational level, but a question that may arise in this area is: Does the treatment need among dental students differ from that of their colleagues in other studies or not? The present research aimed at providing an answer for this question. Three hundreds university students (150 dental &150 non dental) were examined by using CPITN and the data were analyzed statistically. Results indicated that in general the periodontal treatment need was comparable between dental and non dental students in this social class. Results also indicated that programs aimed at improvement of oral hygiene of this social class may be applicable in our community, the matter that calls for full cooperation from the health authorities to carry out a national campaign directed toward this social class.
Serum, saliva and erythrocyte membrane sialic acid of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zaidan Dr . Taghreed F. , Fakhri Dr. Saad Fakhri
Published: August 2022

The aim was to determine the level of serum, saliva and erythrocyte membrane sialic acid in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Fifty subjects were incorporated in this study, 25 were rheumatoid arthritis patients with mean age 34.6 ± 7.5 years, the other 25 subjects were healthy control with no signs and symptoms of any systemic disease, the mean age was 33.88 ± 6.0.Five ml of blood with 5 ml of unstimulated whole saliva was taken from each subject. After centrifugation of both blood and saliva, the supernatant of saliva and serum was isolated and the red blood cells were used to prepare erythrocyte membrane for the determination of sialic acid.The results revealed that the mean serum sialic acid of rheumatoid arthritis patients was 0.932 ± 0.317, the mean saliva sialic acid was 0.141 ± 0.005 and the mean erythrocyte membrane sialic acid was 0.145 ± 0.035 statistically using t-test the results showed that the mean serum, saliva and erythrocyte membrane sialic acid was significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis group than that in the control.Significant correlation has been found between serum and saliva sialic acid in both the control and rheumatoid arthritis patients.The elevation of sialic acid in serum, saliva and erythrocyte membrane in rheumatoid arthritis patients indicate that sialic acid considered as an important inflammatory marker for determination the activity of the disease.The significant correlation between serum and saliva sialic acid indicate the importance of saliva to be used in different investigations
Storage effect on the bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets bonded by three types of adhesive generations
Authors: Sadiq Dr. Suhad M. A. m
Published: August 2022

The effect of food simulants on the bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets bonded to enamel with light cured composite was studied. One hundred twenty extracted human premolars were selected and randomly divided into three equal groups each with 40 teeth, representing the adhesive bonding generation (5th, 6th and 7th). Each group was subdivided in to two subgroups which represented the storage media, which are distilled water (DW) and 75% aqueous ethanol (Food simulating solution-FSS). Then the storage media group was subdivided into two subgroups with 10 teeth each, representing two storage periods (1 day and 30 days).At the end of the storage period in the immersion media the brackets were debonded by an Instron universal testing machine to measure the shear bond strength.It was found immersion in the food simulants for 30 days significantly reduces the bond strength of light cured composite brackets.
Prevalence of Impacted Wisdom Teeth among Hawler Young People
Authors: Omar Dr. Lukman Fawzi
Published: August 2022

Background: It is believed that the incidence of impaction is increasing in recent years due to the less functional activity of the Jaws.Aim of the study: The objective of this study is to know the prevalence of impacted wisdom teeth among Hawler young population Also to know the factors that are associated with the state of impaction.Material and Method: 1150 young people from college of dentistry were included from February to September 2005, age ranged between 17 -30 years old they were examined using special case sheet.Results: Out of 1150 people examined (517male .and 633female), (219 male and 285 female) were found to have one or more impacted wisdom teeth (43.82%).Only 73(32male and 41 female) had one or more congenitally missing third molar. A relation was found between impaction and habit of using chewing gum and singing, statistical relation were existed between impaction and type of food, tempromandibular joint (TMJ) trouble, emotional stress and fatigue.Conclusion: A strong association was found between impacted wisdom teeth and type of food and habits among Hawler young population.
Orthodontic Treatment and Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Position Relationship with Disk Displacement (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study)
Authors: Abid Ali Dr. Fakhri Abid Ali , Abdul-Raheem Dr. Yousif Abdul-Raheem , Al-Rubayee Dr. Mehdi Abdul Hadi
Published: August 2022

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex synovial articulation between themandibular condyle and the glenoid fossa of temporal bone. The question of whethera relationship exists between orthodontic treatment, abnormal condyle and diskposition, and temporomandibular disorders has been investigated for many years.Despite the abundance of studies, the question continues to trouble orthodontists.This study conducted to assess the relationship between orthodontic treatments,abnormal condyle and disk position, with temporomandibular disorders, and to studythe disk- condyle relationship in term of presence or absence of anterior diskdisplacement. By mean of Magnetic Resonance Imaging a cross sectionalinvestigation for the condyles of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and disk positionwas conducted to 50 TMJs of 25 patients between 19-30 years of age who hadundergone orthodontic treatment (by upper and lower fixed orthodontic applianceswith extraction of maxillary first premolar only for treatment of class II division 1malocclusion), and 50 TMJs of 25 patients who had not yet received orthodontictreatment from the same class and matched age group.The results of this study showed that 30% of pre-treatment group have anteriordisk displacement in comparison to 26.0% of the post treatment group. The condyleposition is more concentric in post treatment group than pre-treatment, and theposition of the disk is not affected by orthodontic treatment. This conclude thatcondyle position of the TMJ may be affected by orthodontic treatment, but the diskposition is not.