bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kir4.1 and Aqp4 Contribution to Schisis Cystic Water Accumulation and Clearance in the Rs1 Exon-1 Del XLRS Rat Model
Authors: Smit-McBride Zeljka , Sun Ning , Thomas Serafina , Cho In Hwan , Stricklin Robin G. , Sieving Paul A.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objective: The Rs1 exon-1-del rat (Rs1KO) XLRS model shows normal retinal development until postnatal day 12 (P12) when small cystic spaces start to form in the inner nuclear layer. These spaces enlarge rapidly, peak at P15, and then collapse by P19. Methods: We explored the possible involvement of Kir4.1 and Aqp4, the principal retina channels for water movement and homeostasis, along with Muller glia cells (MGCs), using semi-quantitative fluorescent immunohistochemistry at P7, P9, P12, and P30, in Rs1KO and WT littermates. Results: Kir4.1 expression was reduced in Rs1KO retinas at all the early time points—P7, P9, and P12—as the schisis cavities began to form; downregulation would reduce water egress from the retina. Aqp4 was upregulated at P30 in Rs1KO retinas during schisis cavity closure but not as cavities formed at P12. When examined by GFAP expression, MGCs were not activated at the preschisis P12 age but showed considerable GFAP expression at P30 following retinal cystic structural damage at P15, indicating that MGCs were activated during the period of retina water removal and cavity closure. Conclusions: The study results implicate the downregulation of Kir4.1 in schisis formation and a role for both Kir4.1 and Aqp4 upregulation in subsequent schisis closure.
Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of CEP290 Variants: A Case Report on Non-Syndromic Retinal Dystrophy with a Mild Phenotype
Authors: Esteve-Garcia Anna , Sau Cristina , Padró-Miquel Ariadna , Català-Mora Jaume , Aguilera Cinthia , Cobos Estefania
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Biallelic pathogenic variants in the CEP290 gene are typically associated with severe, early-onset inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) in both syndromic and non-syndromic forms. This study explores the phenotypic variability of non-syndromic IRDs associated with CEP290 variants, focusing on two siblings with biallelic variants, one of whom exhibits a remarkably mild phenotype, thereby expanding the clinical spectrum. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and mRNA analysis were performed to identify and characterize CEP290 variants in the siblings. Comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluations assessed retinal function and disease progression. Results: Two CEP290 variants, a frameshift (c.955del, p.(Ser319LeufsTer16)) and a missense (c.5777G>C, p.(Arg1926Pro)), were identified in trans in both siblings. Despite sharing the same genetic variants, the sister exhibited significantly preserved retinal function, while the brother presented with a more severe, progressive retinal dystrophy. Conclusions: This study broadens the phenotypic spectrum of non-syndromic CEP290-related IRDs, demonstrating variability in disease severity ranging from mild to severe. These findings highlight the importance of personalized monitoring and tailored management strategies based on individual clinical presentations of CEP290-related IRDs.
The Potential for Lifestyle Intervention Among Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour Based on Patient Needs Including Smoking and Other Risky Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lydom Line Noes , Lauridsen Susanne Vahr , Joensen Ulla Nordström , Tønnesen Hanne
Published: December 2024

Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide, with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounting for 75% of cases. Transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT) is the standard treatment, but it is associated with significant risks of complications and recurrence. Risky lifestyle factors, including smoking, malnutrition, obesity, risky alcohol use, and physical inactivity (collectively termed SNAP factors), may worsen surgical outcomes and increase cancer recurrence. Prehabilitation programmes targeting these modifiable risk factors could improve patient outcomes. This cross-sectional study assessed 100 TURBT patients at a Danish university hospital to determine the prevalence of SNAP factors and the potential for lifestyle interventions. Data were collected via structured interviews, and intervention scenarios were projected based on efficacy rates of 5–100%. In total, 58% of patients had at least one risky SNAP factor, with smoking (29%) being the most prevalent, followed by physical inactivity (19%) and risky alcohol use (18%). Obesity (7%) and malnutrition (8%) were less common. Seventeen percent had multiple SNAP factors. No significant demographic indicators were associated with the presence of SNAP factors. TURBT patients with NMIBC show a high prevalence of risky lifestyle factors, including smoking and obesity, with over half affected. Systematic screening and targeted interventions could significantly improve patient outcomes and long-term health.
What’s the Matter? Alcohol Use Risk Among Relatives of People with Mental Illness
Authors: McKeag Suzanne A. , Flett Gordon L. , Goldberg Joel O.
Published: December 2024

Family members who live with relatives with serious mental illness face unique mental health risks, which become worse with alcohol use and without social support. Research has highlighted the damaging effects of harmful substance use among people who feel like they do not matter to others, but few studies have assessed links between mattering and alcohol use within marginalized populations. In the present study, a sample of family members who reside with a relative with mental illness completed an online survey. Using the AUDIT alcohol screening measure, participants were classified into a No–Low Risk Alcohol Use (n = 52) or a Hazardous Drinking (n = 28) group. Hazardous alcohol use was alarmingly high, reaching triple the rate of the general population and categorized at the most severe level of harm. Those who drank hazardously felt like they mattered less to others (p < 0.001), felt like they mattered less to their relative with mental illness (p = 0.035), had greater anti-mattering (e.g., they felt invisible and unheard) (p = 0.008), experienced more hopelessness (p < 0.001), felt less supported by significant others (p = 0.003), endorsed having more problems with mental health services (p = 0.017), had higher stigma (p < 0.001), and had lower psychological well-being (p < 0.001). Findings highlight under-recognized public health risks, implications for public health initiatives, and the need for tailored interventions that boost mattering and reduce harmful alcohol use in this vulnerable family member population.
Research Progress of Ribosomal Proteins in Reproductive Development
Authors: Hong Yuqi , Lin Qisheng , Zhang Yuan , Liu Jilong , Zheng Zhanhong
Published: December 2024

Ribosomal proteins constitute the principal components of ribosomes, and their functions span a wide spectrum. Recent investigations have unveiled their involvement in oocyte and embryo development, playing a pivotal role in reproductive development. Numerous pieces of evidence indicate that ribosomal proteins participate in the regulation of various cellular activities, including nucleolar stress, oxidative stress, cell proliferation and autophagy. Despite these findings, the precise mechanisms through which ribosomal proteins influence reproductive development via these cellular activities remain elusive. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of action is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the role and function of ribosomal proteins in reproductive development. This paper systematically reviews the progress in research on nucleolar stress, oxidative stress, cell proliferation and autophagy concerning ribosomal proteins during reproductive development. Furthermore, we explore the potential of ribosomal proteins as diagnostic markers for various diseases. Additionally, we propose the development of drugs and therapies targeting ribosomal proteins, underscoring the potential for novel medical interventions in the context of reproductive health.
Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Key Regulatory Networks for Age–Dependent Vernalization in Welsh Onion (Allium fistulosum L.)
Authors: Liu Yin , Wang Dan , Yuan Yu , Liu Yue , Lv Bingsheng , Lv Haiyan
Published: December 2024

Plants exhibit diverse pathways to regulate the timing of flowering. Some plant species require a vegetative phase before being able to perceive cold stimuli for the acceleration of flowering through vernalization. This research confirms the correlation between the vernalization process and seedling age in Welsh onions. Findings from two vernalization experiments conducted at different time intervals demonstrate that seedlings must reach a vegetative phase of at least 8 weeks to consistently respond to vernalization. Notably, 8–week–old seedlings subjected to 6 weeks of vernalization displayed the shortest time to bolting, with an average duration of 138.1 days. Transcriptome analysis led to the identification of genes homologous to those in Arabidopsis thaliana that regulate flowering. Specifically, AfisC7G05578 (CO), AfisC2G05881 (AP1), AfisC1G07745 (FT), AfisC1G06473 (RAP2.7), and AfisC2G01843 (VIM1) were identified and suggested to have potential significance in age–dependent vernalization in Welsh onions. This study not only presents a rapid vernalization method for Welsh onions but also provides a molecular foundation for understanding the interplay between seedling age and vernalization.
Osseointegration of Implants Through Ti Biofunctionalization with Biomass from Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1230 and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002
Authors: Bravo Yarelis , Miranda Alejandra M. , Hernandez-Tenorio Fabian , Sáez Alex A. , Paredes Virginia
Published: December 2024

The inadequate osseointegration of titanium implants remains a significant challenge in orthopedics, limiting the long-term efficacy of prostheses and medical devices. It has been determined that biological aging of the titanium surface compromises the implant–bone tissue interaction due to increased hydrophobicity and accumulation of organic molecules. To address this issue, an innovative strategy has been proposed: the biofunctionalization of Ti6Al4V surfaces utilizing biomass derived from Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1230 and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. This research was structured to encompass microalgal culture optimization through biocompatibility evaluation of biofunctionalized surfaces. Biofunctionalization stages were analyzed using contact angle measurements, EDS, SEM, and cellular assays. It was observed that piranha solution activation generated a hydrophilic surface, while silanization was more efficient in samples treated for 14 h. It was found that Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 presented a higher biomass concentration on the surface compared to C. sorokiniana UTEX 1230. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the coating with Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was potentially non-cytotoxic, with a cell viability of 86.8%. SEM images showed a significant number of cells adhered to the treated sample. In conclusion, the potential of using microalgal biomass to biofunctionalize titanium surfaces has been demonstrated, offering an innovative alternative to improve implant–tissue interaction and, consequently, the osseointegration process in orthopedic applications.
Pseudomonas sp. G31 and Azotobacter sp. PBC2 Changed Structure of Bacterial Community and Modestly Promoted Growth of Oilseed Rape
Authors: Dobrzyński Jakub , Kulkova Iryna , Jakubowska Zuzanna , Naziębło Aleksandra , Wróbel Barbara
Published: December 2024

Oilseed rape is one of the most important oilseed crops, requiring high levels of nitrogen fertilization. Excessive nitrogen use, however, leads to numerous negative environmental impacts, spurring the search for sustainable, environmentally friendly alternatives to reduce reliance on mineral nitrogen fertilizers. One promising approach involves plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which can support oilseed rape growth and lessen the need for traditional nitrogen fertilizers. This study evaluates a selected microbial consortium comprising bacterial isolates obtained from soil: Pseudomonas sp. G31 and Azotobacter sp. PBC2 (P1A). The applied PGPB significantly increased seed yield (a 27.12% increase) and, in the initial phase of the study, reduced the ammonium nitrogen content in the soil (a 20.18% decrease). Metataxonomic analyses were performed using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology by Illumina. Although P1A did not significantly affect alpha diversity, it altered the relative abundance of some dominant soil microorganisms. In the BBCH 75 phase, the P1A consortium increased the abundance of bacteria of Firmicutes phylum, including the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus, which was considered a beneficial change. In summary, the Pseudomonas sp. G31 and Azotobacter sp. PBC2 consortium increased seed yield and was found to be part of the native rhizosphere community of oilseed rape, making it a promising candidate for commercialization.
KDM4 Regulates the Glycolysis of Hemocytes in the Immune Priming of Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Qiao Xue , Yu Simiao , Jin Yuhao , Niu Jixiang , Li Jie , Xu Yingmei , Yang Yuehong , Wang Lingling , Song Linsheng
Published: December 2024

Immune priming confers a sustained, augmented response of innate immune cells to a secondary challenge, a process that is characteristically reliant on metabolic reprogramming. Recent evidence suggests that histone demethylases play essential roles in the immune priming, while its regulation role in the metabolic reprogramming remains largely unknown. In the present study, the concentration of glucose was significantly down-regulated in the hemocytes of crab Eriocheir sinensis after secondary stimulation with Aeromonas hydrophila, while the expression levels of phosphofructokinase (EsPFK) pyruvate kinase (EsPK), hexokinase-2 (EsHK-2) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EsG-6-PD), along with the concentrations of lactate and the ratio of NAD+/NADH, were elevated. Additionally, the levels of H3K9me3 and its enrichment at the promoters of EsPFK and EsG-6-PD were significantly decreased at 7 days after A. hydrophila stimulation. The lysine Demethylase 4 homologue (EsKDM4) was observed to translocate into the nucleus of crab hemocytes after A. hydrophila stimulation, and its activity markedly increased after secondary stimulation with A. hydrophila. Following RNA interference of EsKDM4, there was a significant increase in H3K9me3 levels, and the enrichment of H3K9me3 at the EsPFK and EsG-6-PD promoters, as well as the concentration of glucose, in the hemocytes of crabs after secondary stimulation with A. hydrophila. Furthermore, mRNA transcripts of EsPFK and EsG-6-PD, as well as the concentration of lactate and ratio of NAD+/NADH, significantly decreased after secondary stimulation. These results suggested that EsKDM4 mediates the enrichment of H3K9me3 at the promoters of EsPFK and EsG-6-PD, thereby regulating glycolysis during the immune priming of crabs.
Development of Novel Imipridones with Alkyne- and Triazole-Linked Warheads on the Tricyclic Skeleton, Showing Superior Ability to Eradicate PANC-1 and Fadu Cells Compared to ONC201
Authors: Czuczi Tamás , Murányi József , Móra István , Gurbi Bianka , Varga Attila , Papp Dávid , Schlosser Gitta , Csala Miklós , Csámpai Antal
Published: December 2024

Our ongoing research focuses on the development of new imipridone derivatives. We aim to design compounds that can completely and selectively eradicate cancer cells after relatively short treatment. We have synthetized systematically designed novel hybrids and evaluated their antiproliferative activity against PANC-1 and Fadu cell lines. We have also conducted preliminary studies on the mechanism, including colony formation as well as dose–response tests in HEK293T wild-type (WT) and HEK293T CLPP−/− cells. Following gradual structural fine-tuning based on high throughput screening, we identified two imipridone hybrids as the most potent derivatives. Their unique substitution pattern includes N-methylated propargylamine and ferrocenyl/phenyltriazole moieties on the benzyl groups attached to opposite sides of the imipridone core. We found that the compounds with IC50 values similar to those of ONC201 completely eradicated cancer cells at about 4 μM, while ONC201 treatment at even higher concentrations left 30–50% of viable cells behind. Both compounds exerted equal activity in WT and CLPP−/− HEK293T cells, indicating a ClpP-independent mechanism. Further development is needed to improve the tumor selectivity of the two potent imipridone derivatives. By preserving tumor cytotoxicity, we aim to generate new drug candidates that evade resistance and can be applied in a sufficiently broad therapeutic window.
Mast Cells as a Component of Spermatogonial Stem Cells’ Microenvironment
Authors: Sadek Ali , Khramtsova Yulia , Yushkov Boris
Published: December 2024

The formation of mature spermatozoa originates from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) located near the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules. This developmental process, known as spermatogenesis, is tightly regulated to ensure continuous sperm production. A critical aspect of this regulation is the balance between SSC differentiation and self-renewal, which is directed by various factors guiding SSCs in either of these two directions. The SSC niche, defined functionally rather than anatomically, includes all factors necessary for SSC maintenance. These factors are produced by cells surrounding the SSC niche, collectively creating the microenvironment of the seminiferous tubules. Coordination between the cells in this microenvironment is essential for the proper function of the SSC niche and successful spermatogenesis. Testicular mast cells (MCs) significantly influence the regulation of this niche, as they contain various biologically active substances that regulate a wide range of physiological processes and contribute to different pathological conditions affecting fertility. This review explores the effects of testicular MCs on SSCs, their role in regulating spermatogenesis under normal and pathological conditions, and their interactions with other components of the testicular microenvironment, with a focus on their potentially critical impact on spermatogenesis and male fertility.
GPBP or CERT: The Roles in Autoimmunity, Cancer or Neurodegenerative Disease—A Systematic Review
Authors: Vivó Paula , Hernández-Andreu José Miguel , Prieto-Ruíz Jesús Ángel , Ventura González Ignacio
Published: December 2024

In 1999, Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP) was identified as a protein interacting with the N-terminal region of the human Goodpasture antigen, linked to collagen IV in patients with Goodpasture syndrome, an autoimmune disease. In 2003, a splice variant lacking a serine-rich domain was discovered, which is involved in the cytosolic transport of ceramide, leading to its renaming as Ceramide Transfer Protein (CERT). This dual functionality has sparked debate regarding the roles of GPBP/CERT, as they appear to participate in distinct research fields and are implicated in various pathologies. This review follows the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). It compiles data from searches on Medline (PubMed) and Web of Science conducted between February and November 2022. Out of 465 records, 47 publications were selected for review. The literature predominantly focuses on GPBP/CERT as ceramide transporters. Notably, no studies contradict either hypothesis, with substantial scientific evidence supporting both roles. The need for further research is clear, and new insights into these proteins’ involvement in multiple pathologies could drive future therapeutic strategies. GPBP and CERT are multifunctional proteins with roles beyond collagen organization and ceramide transport, extending to autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The ongoing controversy highlights the necessity for continued investigation, which promises to offer significant insights and potential therapeutic avenues.
ADAM10 Expression by Ameloblasts Is Essential for Proper Enamel Formation
Authors: Shahid Shifa , Hu Yuanyuan , Mohamed Fatma , Rizzotto Lara , Layana Michelle C. , Fleming Daniel T. , Papagerakis Petros , Foster Brian L. , Simmer James P. , Bartlett John D.
Published: December 2024

ADAM10 is a multi-functional proteinase that can cleave approximately 100 different substrates. Previously, it was demonstrated that ADAM10 is expressed by ameloblasts, which are required for enamel formation. The goal of this study was to determine if ADAM10 is necessary for enamel development. Deletion of Adam10 in mice is embryonically lethal and deletion of Adam10 from epithelia is perinatally lethal. We therefore deleted Adam10 from ameloblasts. Ameloblast-specific expression of the Tg(Amelx-iCre)872pap construct was confirmed. These mice were crossed with Adam10 floxed mice to generate Amelx-iCre; Adam10fl/fl mice (Adam10 cKO). The Adam10 cKO mice had discolored teeth with softer than normal enamel. Notably, the Adam10 cKO enamel density and volume were significantly reduced in both incisors and molars. Moreover, the incisor enamel rod pattern became progressively more disorganized, moving from the DEJ to the outer enamel surface, and this disorganized rod structure created gaps and S-shaped rods. ADAM10 cleaves proteins essential for cell signaling and for enamel formation such as RELT and COL17A1. ADAM10 also cleaves cell-cell contacts such as E- and N-cadherins that may support ameloblast movement necessary for normal rod patterns. This study shows, for the first time, that ADAM10 expressed by ameloblasts is essential for proper enamel formation.
Deep Sequencing Analysis of Virome Components, Viral Gene Expression and Antiviral RNAi Responses in Myzus persicae Aphids
Authors: Sukhikh Natalia , Golyaev Victor , Laboureau Nathalie , Clavijo Gabriel , Rustenholz Camille , Marmonier Aurelie , Chesnais Quentin , Ogliastro Mylène , Drucker Martin , Brault Veronique , Pooggin Mikhail M.
Published: December 2024

The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is a generalist pest damaging crops and transmitting viral pathogens. Using Illumina sequencing of small (s)RNAs and poly(A)-enriched long RNAs, we analyzed aphid virome components, viral gene expression and antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) responses. Myzus persicae densovirus (family Parvoviridae), a single-stranded (ss)DNA virus persisting in the aphid population, produced 22 nucleotide sRNAs from both strands of the entire genome, including 5′- and 3′-inverted terminal repeats. These sRNAs likely represent Dicer-dependent small interfering (si)RNAs, whose double-stranded RNA precursors are produced by readthrough transcription beyond poly(A) signals of the converging leftward and rightward transcription units, mapped here with Illumina reads. Additionally, the densovirus produced 26–28 nucleotide sRNAs, comprising those enriched in 5′-terminal uridine and mostly derived from readthrough transcripts and those enriched in adenosine at position 10 from their 5′-end and mostly derived from viral mRNAs. These sRNAs likely represent PIWI-interacting RNAs generated by a ping-pong mechanism. A novel ssRNA virus, reconstructed from sRNAs and classified into the family Flaviviridae, co-persisted with the densovirus and produced 22 nucleotide siRNAs from the entire genome. Aphids fed on plants versus artificial diets exhibited distinct RNAi responses affecting densovirus transcription and flavivirus subgenomic RNA production. In aphids vectoring turnip yellows virus (family Solemoviridae), a complete virus genome was reconstituted from 21, 22 and 24 nucleotide viral siRNAs likely acquired with plant phloem sap. Collectively, deep-sequencing analysis allowed for the identification and de novo reconstruction of M. persicae virome components and uncovered RNAi mechanisms regulating viral gene expression and replication.
Application of a Screen-Printed Ion-Selective Electrode Based on Hydrophobic Ti3C2/AuNPs for K+ Determination Across Variable Temperatures
Authors: Yu Zhixue , Wang Hui , He Yue , Chen Dongfei , Chen Ruipeng , Tang Xiangfang , Zhou Mengting , Yao Junhu , Xiong Benhai
Published: December 2024

Monitoring potassium ion (K+) concentration is essential in veterinary medicine, particularly for preventing hypokalemia in dairy cows, which can severely impact their health and productivity. While traditional laboratory methods like atomic absorption spectrometry are accurate, they are also time-consuming and require complex sample preparation. Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) provide an alternative that is faster and more suitable for field measurements, but their performance is often compromised under variable temperature conditions, leading to inaccuracies. To address this, we developed a novel screen-printed ion-selective electrode (SPE) with hydrophobic Ti3C2 Mxene and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), integrated with a temperature sensor. This design improves stability and accuracy across fluctuating temperatures by preventing water layer formation and enhancing conductivity. The sensor was validated across temperatures from 5 °C to 45 °C, achieving a linear detection range of 10−⁵ to 10−1 M and a response time of approximately 15 s. It also demonstrated excellent repeatability, selectivity, and stability, making it a robust tool for K+ monitoring in complex environments. This advancement could lead to broader applications in other temperature-sensitive analytical fields.
Possible Impact of Peripheral Inflammatory Factors and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on Cognitive Functioning in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy–Richardson Syndrome (PSP-RS) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy–Predominant Parkinsonism (PSP-P)
Authors: Chunowski Patryk , Otto-Ślusarczyk Dagmara , Duszyńska-Wąs Karolina , Drzewińska Agnieszka , Załęski Andrzej , Madetko-Alster Natalia , Wiercińska-Drapało Alicja , Struga Marta , Alster Piotr
Published: December 2024

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a tauopathic atypical parkinsonian syndrome. Recent studies suggest that inflammation may play a role in PSP pathogenesis, highlighting markers like the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6. This study aimed to assess the relationship between peripheral inflammatory markers and psychological abnormalities in PSP-RS and PSP-P patients. The study included 24 participants: 12 with PSP-RS, 12 with PSP-P, and 12 controls. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); however, the executive functions were evaluated using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), while inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL6, NLR, and PLR were measured. The parameter correlation was executed using Spearman’s correlation (rs). The analysis revealed significant negative correlations between NLR and MoCA (rs = −0.48), as well as between PLR and MoCA (rs = −0.60). The negative correlation between IL-1β and MoCA was statistically significant but relatively weak. This study highlights the relevance of inflammatory markers such as NLR and PLR in reflecting cognitive decline in PSP patients, with IL-1β potentially playing a protective role in cognitive function.
Metabolic Consequences of Thyroidectomy and Patient-Centered Management
Authors: Wang Karina , Gulec Seza A.
Published: December 2024

Thyroidectomy has been post-operatively managed by hormone replacement therapy in order to satisfy the reference ranges of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) levels. While medication and standardized reference ranges have proven to be effective, many patients continue to report unintentional weight gain despite adequate amounts of treatment and levels of TSH and T4. Physicians, over the years, have become complacent to these “normal” ranges, and have ignored the metabolic consequences that are affecting thyroidectomy patients. This paper aims to redefine the approach to post-thyroidectomy clinical care by challenging the current standardized hormonal range values, exploring the gaps in thyroid hormone conversion, investigating the metabolic pathways of T3, considering the influence of inflammatory markers, and proposing the future for patient-centered management.
What Can Be Changed Through Contact? Possessive Syntax in Megleno-Romanian and Eolian Compared
Authors: Cardullo Sara N. , Costea Ștefania
Published: December 2024

This article explores the order of possessives with respect to nouns in Megleno-Romanian, a branch of Daco-Romance, and Eolian, a variety of southern Italo-Romance. Both are in intense language contact situations, the former with the south Slavonic varieties of Bulgarian and Macedonian, the latter with the southern Italo-Romance variety of Sicilian along with southern regional Italian. In particular, we show that while superficially, both Megleno-Romanian and Eolian copied the patterns found in their respective contact languages, the situation is much more complex. Megleno-Romanian shows high noun movement with kinship terms and low noun movement with common nouns, a situation also found in south Slavonic. In the case of Eolian, younger speakers categorically lack N-to-D movement with kinship terms, reflecting the typical Sicilian pattern. In both cases, this gives rise to prenominal possessives, thus diverging from the most common position of possessives in Eastern Romance, which are generally postnominal in unmarked contexts. Ultimately, these case studies show that the position of possessives is epiphenomenal to the level of noun movement in the varieties under investigation. On this note, deeper structural borrowing concerning the nature of possessives (i.e., whether they have an adjectival or determiner value) did not emerge in our findings and is worthy of further investigation.
17β-Hydroxy-2-oxa-5α-androstan-3-one
Authors: Stoyanova Savina , Dinkov Georgi , Bogdanov Milen G.
Published: December 2024

We have successfully synthesized a 2-oxa androstane derivative, 17β-hydroxy-2-oxa-5α-androstan-3-one (6), and confirmed its structure using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
On the Use of Cyclic Cryogenic Treatment to Improve the Properties of High-Speed Steel
Authors: Pieśko Paweł , Korpysa Jarosław , Zawada-Michałowska Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Cryogenic treatment is a process of controlled gradual cooling of the workpiece to a temperature ranging from −60 °C to even below −190 °C, holding the workpiece at this temperature and then slowly reheating it to ambient temperature. According to the current state of knowledge, the purpose of cryogenic treatment is to reduce the concentration of retained austenite by transforming it into hard martensite under low-temperature treatment. The retained austenite reduction in steels results in improved hardness, impact strength, and wear resistance. This study involved conducting comparative tests of the hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength of high-speed steel samples with and without cryogenic treatment, which made it possible to determine the effect of cyclic cryogenic treatment on the properties of this steel. In addition to that, machining tests were conducted to assess the life of a cutting tool edge made from both cryogenic-treated and non-cryogenic-treated high-speed steel. Also, the austenite concentration in the samples was measured by X-ray diffraction. Obtained results confirmed that the cyclic cryogenic treatment enhanced all tested properties of the high-speed steel.
Influence of Laser Micro-Texturing and Plasma Treatment on Adhesive Bonding Properties of WC-Co Carbides with Steel
Authors: Wojdat Tomasz Karol , Piwowarczyk Tomasz
Published: December 2024

This article presents research on advanced surface preparation methods for sintered carbides (WC-Co, grade B2) commonly used in the tool industry, particularly in the context of bonding these materials with C45 steel using adhesives. Sintered carbides are widely used due to their high hardness, wear resistance, and good ductility, making them ideal for manufacturing tools operating in harsh conditions. Traditional bonding methods, such as brazing and welding, often result in stresses and cracks. Adhesive bonding has therefore emerged as an effective alternative to mitigate these challenges. The research focuses on comparing the results obtained through modern surface treatment techniques, such as laser micro-texturing and plasma treatment, with traditional methods like grinding, abrasive blasting, and electrolytic etching. The influence of these methods on adhesion properties and the strength of adhesive bonds was evaluated through mechanical tests, including static shear and pull-off tests. An approximately 50% increase in the mechanical strength of adhesive joints was observed for surfaces treated with low-temperature plasma (operating voltage: 18 kV, flow of gasses: 20 l/min., treatment time: 60 s) and laser micro-texturing (infrared fiber laser, wavelength: 1064 nm (±5 nm), power: 20 W), as compared to mechanical grinding. The shear strength of the adhesive joints was equal to 32 MPa and 30 MPa on average in the case of treatment with low-temperature plasma made of helium and argon, respectively. The highest strength of an adhesive joint was equal to 34.5 MPa on average in the case of laser micro-texturing.
Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Latex Modified Mortars Prepared with High Early Strength Portland Cement
Authors: Kligys Modestas , Girskas Giedrius
Published: December 2024

The increased early hydration rate of high early strength cement has economic advantages in many civil engineering fields (faster formwork removal or earlier demoulding of precast elements). Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) latex is the most common polymer in aqueous dispersions suitable for admixing in cement-based materials. It allows the designing of structures with specific properties for a variety of applications. The analysis of literature sources has shown that different properties of SBR latex-modified cement-based material samples reported were usually measured at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of hardening. In this research, the authors decided to investigate a combined effect of high early strength Portland cement, characterized by an increased hydration rate, and SBR latex able to retard this process for a prolonged hardening period—up to 90 days in modified mortar samples. This study covers the results of the effect of different amounts of SBR latex (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on the properties of modified mortar samples with a constant water-to-cement ratio prepared with high early strength Portland cement 42.5 R. The mortar samples were prepared from local raw materials produced by the Lithuanian companies. The properties, such as dry bulk density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, capillary water absorption, compressive and flexural strengths, and toughness, after three different hardening periods (7, 28, and 90 days) of the mortar samples were investigated. The applied mathematical–statistical methods allowed a detailed prognosis of the dependence between the dry bulk density and the strength properties of modified mortar samples. The combination of 42.5 R strength class Portland cement with the SBR latex in amounts ranging from 5% to 20% seems to be suitable for designing durable structures with specific properties.
Preliminary Aspects Regarding the Anticorrosive Effect of Multi-Layered Silane–Hydroxyapatite Coatings Deposited on Titanium Grade 2 for Medical Applications
Authors: Dudek Agata , Kierat Oliwia
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a method for producing VTMS/HAp/VTMS/VTMS multilayer coatings on a Grade 2 titanium substrate and characterizes their structure and functional properties. Two solutions were used to produce the coatings: one based on vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and the other on hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder. The coatings were applied using immersion using the sol-gel method. Microstructural tests of the multilayer coatings were performed, their chemical composition was determined, and the structure was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A detailed analysis of the geometric structure of the coatings was carried out both before and after corrosion tests. The geometric structure of the multilayer coatings was analyzed using a light microscope and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The thickness of the coatings was determined using a Testan DT-10 AN 120 157 m, and the adhesion of the coatings to the substrate was analyzed using Scotch™ tape. The corrosion resistance of the coatings in simulated body fluid was tested to evaluate their suitability for implantology. As demonstrated by the research presented in this paper, the sol–gel process can successfully produce silane coatings by adding hydroxyapatite powder. The new materials proposed in this study can effectively protect metal materials used in medicine against corrosion.
Investigation of the Method for Measuring the Surface Property Parameters of Variable Charge Minerals Using Ion Selection Electrode
Authors: Sun Jiaqi , Liu Xinmin , Li Hang , Ma Deyuan
Published: December 2024

In this study, the surface property parameters of non-swelling variable charge minerals, kaolinite and goethite, were determined using the ion-selective electrode method. The effects of experimental conditions, such as pH, ion concentration ratio, and liquid addition method, on the measurement results were clarified to provide a reference for accurately assessing the surface properties of variable charge materials. The research employed ion adsorption equilibrium experiments under varying pH levels, ion concentration ratios, and liquid addition methods. A combined surface property analysis was conducted using K+ and Ca2+ as indicator ions to characterize surface parameters. The results were compared with the specific surface area obtained via the BET method to verify accuracy, thereby identifying optimal measurement conditions. The study led to the following five conclusions. (1) pH significantly affected the adsorption amount and ratio of indicator cations, thereby influencing the accuracy of surface property parameters. (2) The addition method and concentration ratio of electrolytes influenced the measurement accuracy by affecting the adsorption state and equilibrium time of the two indicator cations. (3) For kaolinite, the optimal initial pH ranged from 7.5 to 8.5 in the KOH + Ca(OH)2 system and from 8.0 to 8.5 in the KOH + CaCl2 system, while the equilibrium pH was 7.5 to 8.0 in both systems. The optimal ion concentration ratios were cK:cCa = 2:1 and 9:1, respectively. (4) For goethite, the optimal initial and equilibrium pH values were 8.5 to 9.0 and 7.5 to 8.0, respectively, in both KOH + Ca(OH)2 and KOH + CaCl2 systems. The optimal ion concentration ratios were 4:1 and 20:1, respectively. (5) Through comparison, the optimal initial pH for measuring the two variable charge minerals was determined to be 8.5 ± 0.1, with the optimal equilibrium pH at 7.5 ± 0.1. However, the concentration ratios varied significantly, suggesting the need for systematic research by adjusting a series of ion concentration ratios based on the initial pH.
RETRACTED: Xu et al. Cr–Diamond/Cu Composites with High Thermal Conductivity Fabricated by Vacuum Hot Pressing. Materials 2024, 17, 3711
Authors: Xu Qiang , Cao Xiaodie , Liu Yibo , Xu Yanjun , Wu Jiajun
Published: December 2024

The journal retracts the article titled “Cr–Diamond/Cu Composites with High Thermal Conductivity Fabricated by Vacuum Hot Pressing” [...]
Fatigue Crack Growth Performance of Q370qENH Weathering Bridge Steel and Butt Welds
Authors: Yu Yujie , Zhang Xiang , Hu Chunjian , Liu Liangkun , Wang Haibo
Published: December 2024

Weathering steel possesses good atmospheric corrosion resistance and is increasingly applied in highway and railway bridges. The fatigue performance of the weld joint is an important issue in bridge engineering. This study experimentally investigates the microstructural properties and fracture crack growth behaviors of a Q370qENH bridge weathering steel weld joint. The FCG parameters of the base steel, butt weld, and HAZs, considering the effect of different plate thicknesses and stress ratios, are analyzed. Microstructural features, microhardness, and fatigue fracture surfaces are carefully inspected. The FCG rates of different weld regions in the stable crack growth stage are obtained using integral formulas based on the Paris and Walker law. The test results indicate that the heating and cooling process during the welding of Q370qENH steel creates improved microstructures with refined grain sizes and fewer impurities, thus leading to improved FCG performances in the HAZ and weld regions. The crack growth rate of Q370qENH weld regions increases with the stress ratio, and the influencing extent increasingly ranks as the base steel, HAZ, and the weld. The thick plate has a slightly slower fatigue crack growth rate for the Q370qENH weld joints. The Q370qENH base steel presents the highest fatigue crack growth rate, followed by the heat-treated and HAZ cases, while the weld area exhibits the lowest FCG rate. The Paris law coefficients of different regions of Q370qENH welds are presented. The collected data serve as a valuable reference for future analyses of fatigue crack propagation problems of Q370qENH steel bridge joints.
Editorial for the Special Issue on Advanced Micro- and Nano-Manufacturing Technologies
Authors: Li Kun
Published: December 2024

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, micro- and nano-manufacturing technologies have become frontier fields in modern manufacturing [...]
Pathological In Vivo Analysis of Helicobacter DNA Infection in Stomach Cells Using Carbon Nanotube Microsensor
Authors: Lee Kyung , Jun Sihyun , Oh Yeseul , Lee Seojun , Oh Ye Jun , Kim Keum Sook , Ly Suw Young
Published: December 2024

The WHO has classified Helicobacter pylori as a group 1 carcinogen for stomach cancer since early 1994. However, despite the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, only about 3% of infected people eventually develop gastric cancer.Biomolecular detections of Helicobacter pylori(HP) were compared using specially modified sensors and fluorine immobilized on a carbon nanotube (HFCNT) electrode, which yielded sensitive results. Handheld voltammetric circuits were used for optimization. An anodic voltammogram of HP molecular oxidation was obtained at 0.0 V ± 0.1 (versus the Ag/AgCl/KCl) in a 0.1 ± 0.2 M NH4H2PO4 electrolyte solution. Under optimized conditions, the analytical working range was 2.98 × 103–22.127 × 10−3 CFU/mL HP using square wave (SW) stripping voltammetry, precision of R2 = 0.9857 ± 0.0005 (SWSV), the detection limit approached to 2.5 × 102 CFU/mL HP (S/N = 3).The developed techniques have been applied to diagnosis of early-stage HP infections using stomach tissue from healthy humans and gastric patients.
Bioinspired Fern-like Fe2O3 Functionalized with Pd/PdO Nanoparticles for High-Performance Acetone Sensing
Authors: Liu Gaohan , Wang Haihang
Published: December 2024

The accurate monitoring and detection of acetone vapor are essential for environmental and human safety. Consequently, fern-like Fe2O3 with hierarchical vein-like structures is synthesized via a concise hydrothermal method. Compared with pure fern-like Fe2O3, fern-like Pd/PdO-Fe2O3 shows the best acetone-sensing characteristics, in terms of lower operating temperature (180 °C), better selectivity and excellent long-term stability. More importantly, the response value of the Pd/PdO-Fe2O3 sensor to 100 ppm acetone reaches as high as 73, which is 55% higher than that of pristine fern-like Fe2O3. This enhanced sensing performance can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between Pd/PdO and fern-like Fe2O3. On the one hand, Pd/PdO nanoparticles show favorable catalytic activity toward ionized oxygen molecules; meanwhile, the formation of the heterojunction between PdO and fern-like Fe2O3 plays an important role. On the other hand, the hierarchical nature of fern-like Fe2O3 promotes efficient gas diffusion throughout the structure. Based on its advantages, fern-like Pd/PdO-Fe2O3 becomes a satisfactory candidate for acetone gas sensors.
Gluten-Free Diet for Fashion or Necessity? Review with New Speculations on Irritable Bowel Syndrome-like Disorders
Authors: Borghini Raffaele , Spagnuolo Alessia , Donato Giuseppe , Borghini Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, the gluten-free diet (GFD) has become much more than the dietary treatment for celiac disease. Due to its presumed beneficial effects even in non-celiac subjects, it has become a new fashion statement and it is promoted by some healthcare professionals, social media and marketing strategists. On the other hand, regardless of a proper medical indication, a GFD may present side effects, such as poor palatability, high costs and socio-psychological adversities. Moreover, it can be an obstacle to correct clinical practice and may induce nutritional deficiency due to a low-quality diet. In addition, a GFD can trigger or exacerbate many irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like disorders in predisposed subjects: reactivity to dietary nickel, the increased consumption of FODMAP-rich foods and histamine intolerance seem to frequently play a relevant role. The possible intersections between high-risk foods in these categories of patients, as well as the possible overlaps among IBS-like disorders during GFD, are described. In conclusion, it is advisable to undergo a careful clinical evaluation by a gastroenterologist and a nutritionist (in some cases, also a psychotherapist) before starting and during a GFD, because both benefits and risks are possible. It is also important to take into account IBS-like disorders that can be exacerbated by a GFD and that are still underestimated today.
Higher Animal-Based Protein Intake Levels Show a Greater Likelihood of Having Metabolic Syndrome in Single-Person Households Among Korean Adults
Authors: Lee Yeongin , Joung Hyojee
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Despite the increasing intake of animal-based protein and the growing number of single-person households (SPHs) in Korean populations, no studies have analyzed the relationship of protein intake by source with metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to household type. This study examined the association between protein intake (plant- and animal-based sources) and MetS risk factors in SPH and multi-person households (MPHs) among Korean adults. Method: A total of 12,022 participants aged 30–64 years (SPH: 982; MPH: 11,040) were selected from the 2016–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Protein intake level was defined as the percentage contribution of food source to daily intake, assessed using 24 h recall dietary data. Results: The animal-based protein intake level was slightly higher in SPHs (51.2%) compared to MPHs (49.5%), whereas the contributions of plant sources from vegetables, fruits, and whole grains were higher in MPHs (p < 0.01). The prevalence of MetS and abdominal obesity increased with higher animal-based protein intake levels across all household types. Only in SPHs, each 1% rise in the proportion of animal-based protein was positively associated with increased blood pressure (OR = 1.013, 95% CI: 1.004–1.022). Moreover, the interaction between animal-based protein intake levels and household type was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of elevated triglycerides (TGs) (MPH[Q1] vs. SPH[Q4] OR = 1.51; p for interaction = 0.0335). However, these two risk factors did not show significant association in MPHs. Conclusions: The results suggest that reducing dietary animal protein could help manage MetS risk factors, particularly increased blood pressure, and elevated TGs in SPHs of Korean adults. In conclusion, dietary guidelines that promote a higher intake of plant-based protein over animal-based protein for the health of the SPH population would be valuable from a public health perspective.