bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION FOR DETERMINING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN ENTEROBACTERIA
Authors: Makavchik S. A. , Vorobyeva E. D. , Krotova A. L.
Published: October 2022

ESBL (extended spectrum β-lactamases) are enzymes capable for spliting penicillins, cephalosporins and monobactams and not hydrolyzing cephamycins and carbapenems. The most common ESBL producers are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Antibiotic susceptibility testing by serial dilution determines the effective dosage of antibiotics.

The aim of the work is to study the minimum inhibitory concentration of various antibiotics and determine the production of β-lactamase for the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli using the Sensititre ESB1F tablet.

In the course of the work, two Sensititre ESB1F plates were used, the wells of which contained dry antimicrobials at certain concentrations, saline, Mueller-Hinton broth, an automatic pipette for 10 and 50 µl with disposable tips, McFarland standard 0.5 units, blood agar plates to control the purity of cultures.

The results were recorded visually, registering growth by cloudiness of the medium, formation of a film or sediment at the bottom of the plate in comparison with the control wells.

To account for the results of the test confirming the presence of ESBL, the MIC obtained for ceftazidime, cefotaxime and the MIC obtained for the combination of these antibiotics with clavulanic acid (ceftazidime/clavulanic acid and cefotaxime/ clavulanic acid) were compared. The test result was considered positive if the difference in MIC was more than two dilutions.

For E. coli, the MICs of ceftazidime and ceftazidime/clavulanic acid were 8 and 0.25/4, respectively, i.e. the difference in dilutions was 7; for cefotaxime, the MIC corresponds to 1 mg/l, with respect to cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, the studied E. coli turned out to be sensitive at all concentrations studied. For Kl. pneumoniae MIC of ceftazidime was 16, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid was 0.5 (difference of 6 dilutions); cefotaxime - 2 and cefotaxime / clavulanic acid - 0.25 (3 dilution difference). It follows from this that both studied microorganisms produce extended spectrum β lactamases.

A conclusion was made about the expedient use of Sensititre ESB1F tablets, which make it possible to determine and confirm the presence of ESBL enzymes in representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family.

The results of assessing the level of betalactamase activity will reduce the unreasonable use of antibacterial drugs from the group of betalactams.
MODELING THE SKELETAL MUSCLE INJURY IN RATS
Authors: Kholodnyi R. D.
Published: October 2022

Muscles are the most important executive organs - effectors. Both according to morphological and functional characteristics, muscles are divided into two types - striated and smooth. Striated muscles, in turn, are usually divided into skeletal and cardiac. Striated muscles form the motor apparatus of the skeleton, oculomotor, chewing and other motor systems in animals. The striated muscles, with the exception of the heart muscle, are completely controlled by the central nervous system, they are devoid of automatism.

The problem of damage to skeletal muscles is very relevant and widespread. These injuries disrupt the musculoskeletal function of animals, up to its complete loss. To search for methods for restoring the structure and function of muscles, experiments are being carried out on laboratory animals. This article is devoted to the selection of the optimal model of skeletal muscle injury, performed on laboratory rats. The study was conducted on Wistar rats. The choice of the muscle on which the models will be worked out, as well as the surgical access to it, is substantiated. Three options for inflicting damage to muscle tissue (cut wounds directed parallel to muscle fibers; cut wounds directed across muscle fibers; crushed wounds of muscle tissue) and the timing of healing of these injuries are proposed. The result of the study showed that the gastrocnemius muscle is the most suitable for modeling damage to muscle tissue in rats, and a crushed wound has the longest healing time.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CATTLE INTESTINAL BACTERIA DETECTED BY HIGH-OUTPUT SEQUENCING
Authors: Suhinin A. A. , Krasnopeev A. Yu. , Gorshkova A. S. , Belykh O. I. , Lipko I. , Potapov S. A. , Tikhonova I. V. , Batomunkuev A. S. , Loginov S. N.
Published: October 2022

The gut microbiota and its development for the health of pets are currently being actively developed. The composition of the gut microbiome is found in the reduction of food intake, the state of the immune system of animals, productivity and growth in livestock content. Also found in the colon are unusual pathogen phyla that can serve as markers of fecal contamination in the environment. We conducted a study of the intestinal microbiome of 12 animals divided into two groups - calves and adult cows. Bacteria of taxa of taxa Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Campilobacterota, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Desulfobacterota, Fibrobacterota, Firmicutes, Fusobacterota, Halobacterota, Elusimicrobiota, Euryarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, Spirochaetota, Thermoplasmatota, Verrucomicrobia and a large number of unclassified bacteria were identified.

It has been shown that the intestinal microbiome of calves differs from that of adult cows, and diarrhea affects the composition of the intestines of young animals, reducing the biodiversity of the inhabitants. In calves, the Shannon index ranged from 3.18 to 4.3, in adult animals from 4.41 to 5.24. Comparison of the gut microbiomes of healthy calves and calves with diarrhea was carried out using the Hutcheson t-test, the difference was significant (P<<<0.0001). > The main phyla of calf intestinal bacteria are Bacteroidota and Firmicutes, moreover, the diversity and number of microbial lines of Bacteroidota increases with age. Firmicutes of the families Lactobacillae and Lactobacillales_fa, as well as the family Selenomonadaceae, are markers of the juvenile age of animals. Calf-specific Bacteroidota are representatives of Tannerellaceae and Marinifilaceae. The microbiome of adult animals at the phylum level is distinguished by the presence of bacteria Verrucomicrobiota, Desulfobacterota, archaea Methanobacteria and Methanomicrobia. At the level of families and genera, the formed microbiome of cows has unique representatives of Bacteroidota and Firmicutes.

Thus, we have presented data on the main representatives of healthy intestinal bacteria of cows and calves, which can later be used to diagnose the physiological state of animals, as well as in environmental studies to detect fecal environmental pollution.
FEATURES OF REMOTE SEDATION OF THE NORTHERN FUR SEAL IN NATURAL HABITAT
Authors: Gaponova V. N. , Burkanov V. N. , Bukina L. A.
Published: October 2022

One of the global environmental problems facing man is the pollution of the oceans by industrial and household garbage. Several hundred seals and sea lions injured by foreign objects are registered annually in reproductive rookeries. Without timely release, these animals are doomed to perish. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to test the technique of freeing injured marine mammals from foreign objects of anthropogenic origin using methods of remote sedation of animals. The problem of implementing measures for the release of marine mammals is associated, among other things, with the lack of proven methods and dosages of sedatives for these animals.

In the course of this study, it was revealed that in order to carry out remote sedation, the following factors must be taken into account: weather conditions, distance to water, the presence of other animals between the object and the water, terrain features, danger from other animals, the place of the shot, the dose. The choice of an animal must be carried out depending on the period (harem / post-harem), age, psychological state, body weight and physical condition. In the course of working out the technique of freeing injured marine mammals from foreign objects of anthropogenic origin using methods of remote sedation of animals in a natural habitat, an algorithm for remote sedation using a Bushnell HOLO sight daninject 2528 mod jm remote injector was developed and tested (barrel diameter 11 mm, pressure in the applicator chamber 5 Bar (500 kPa), the size of the syringe-dart for sedation CMC 2-3 ml, needle length 4 cm), a scheme of combined anesthesia with the help of zoletil 100 (telazol) and medin (medetomedin) 1% has also been developed and successfully tested.
AND INHALED ANESTHETICS ON THE INDICATORS OF THE GAS COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD OF PIGS
Authors: Nechaev A. J. , Lunegov A. M. , Plemjashov K. V.
Published: October 2022

The physiological characteristics of the pig organism determine the difficulties of general anesthesia. In this regard, the actual problem in providing adequate anesthesia in this type of animal is the prevention and control of respiratory and circulatory disorders. The aim of the work was to assess the adequacy of anesthesia in pigs according to the gas composition and acid-base state (CBS) of blood, which underwent surgical manipulations under general anesthesia during experimental studies. The object of the study was 16 pigs (6 boars, 10 sows) aged from four to six months. The work is devoted to comparing the dynamics of blood gas composition indicators at various stages of intravenous anesthesia with zoletil and inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane in order to prevent and timely detect hypoxemia and hypercapnia in pigs. The division of hypoxemia and hypercapnia by severity based on clinical symptoms, laboratory studies of the gas composition of arterial blood made it possible to objectively assess the condition of the animal and provide it with the necessary assistance in a timely manner. The study of the acid-base state of the blood showed that with both types of anesthesia, the greatest changes during induction and during awakening are affected by the amount of carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood (РaСO2). During the induction period, it increased both with the introduction of the zoletil and with the use of isoflurane, respectively, by 26.6% and 14.1% compared with the initial values. During the awakening period, the value of PaCO2 decreased by 10.7% compared to the previous value with anesthesia with zoletil and by 7.2% with inhalation of isoflurane.
METABOLIC MARKERS OF LIVER PATHOLOGIES IN FISH
Authors: Popova O. S. , Ponamarev V. S.
Published: October 2022

Metabolic syndrome is a complex of metabolic, hormonal and clinical disorders. The aim of the research was to consider the main markers of metabolic disorders in the body in fish on a model of toxic damage in zebrafish (20 males and 20 females) zebrafish aged 2-3 months. Before the start of the experiment, the fish were divided into two parity groups. Indicators were monitored daily according to standard methods. The quality of the habitat corresponded to GOST 15.372 - 87, the displacement of the aquarium was 75 liters.

The conditions of keeping and feeding (crushed Tetra food) in the experimental group were similar, however, in order to simulate toxic liver damage, Carbamate MN (Moscow) was added to the fish habitat at a concentration of 4.5 mg/l in terms of the active substance.

On the 7th day of the experiment, blood was taken from the gill vein in the fish of the experimental and control groups, according to the method of Jill M Murtha (2003), in order to determine biochemical parameters according to the standard method [15,16]. The quantitative indicators revealed during the experiments were processed using the Statistica 6.0 software package.

Statistically significant were the indicators of glucose, bilirubin and total protein in individual groups. So the content of glucose and cholesterol is doubled in males and females in the experimental group, compared with the control. The content of bilirubin is higher than the maximum allowable level of this indicator (reference values) by 16%.

The use of Carbamate MN in a toxic dosage contributed to metabolic disorders, manifested by a change in the parameters of protein (total protein), fat (cholesterol), carbohydrate (glucose) and pigment (bilirubin) metabolism, which are predictors of the morpho -functional state of the liver.
Approximate natural frequencies of AFGM beam
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, HCMC University of Architecture, HCMC, Vietnam, Ton Lan Hoang That
Published: October 2022

This article gives the approximate natural frequencies of axial functionally graded material (AFGM) beams. Based on Matlab software and the traditional finite element method, we can estimate the natural frequencies for this structure under four types of boundary conditions. Some examples are given which prove that this way is simple and applicable.
Tarih Ders Kitaplarında Arap ve Ortadoğu Algısının Dönüşümü: Tek Partiden Demokrat Partiye Geçiş
Authors: DAĞ Ahmet Emin
Published: October 2022

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, başlangıcından bu yana tarih yazımı ve öğretimi konusunda dönemsel olarak farklılaşan bir takım önceliklere sahip olmuştur. Tek parti döneminin önceliklerinden biri yeni bir ulus inşa etmek olduğu için, buna uygun bir tarih öğretimi kaçınılmazdı. Türk Tarih Tezi ile başlayan dönemsel arayışlar, Cumhuriyet neslinde oluşturulmaya çalışılan “biz” şuurunun bir de “diğerleri” kısmını birlikte oluşturmuştur. Tek parti döneminde, geçmişle yüzleşme ve yeni bir gelecek inşa etme kaygısındaki elitlerin, bu geçmişin bir parçasını oluşturan Araplarla hesaplaşması kimi zaman dinin toplumdaki rolüyle yüzleşmesini de beraberinde getirmişti. Ancak ülkedeki toplumsal dönüşüm ve uluslararası gereklilikler tek parti dönemini bitirdiğinde, yıllardır inşa edilen birçok müfredat maddesi ile birlikte Arap imajı da değişmeye başladı. Geçmiş ders kitaplarında dine, Ortadoğu’ya ve Araplara dair sıklıkla rastlanılan üslup yerini yeni bir dile bıraktı. Cumhuriyet tarihinin ilk iki döneminde yazılmış tarih ders kitaplarındaki bu dönüşüm, tarih yazımının dönemsel ihtiyaçlara boyun eğse dahi uzun vadede kendi gerçeklerini dayatacağını göstermiştir.
SYNERGY BETWEEN THE NATIONAL NARCOTICS AGENCY AND THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN DEALING WITH NON-MILITARY THREATS OF TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME DRUG TRAFFICKING IN WEST KALIMANTAN FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE
Authors: Fatima Mellya Syafira Khairunisa
Published: October 2022

Peredaran gelap narkoba dikategorikan sebagai tindak kejahatan terorganisir transnasional dan ancaman yang bersifat nonmiliter untuk pertahanan negara. Kejahatan narkoba merupakan kejahatan yang terorganisir dengan jaringan yang luas dan bersifat rahasia baik dalam lingkup nasional maupun internasional. Peran Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) dan Pemerintah Daerah Kalimantan Barat (Pemda Kalbar) diperlukan untuk menghadapi permasalahan peredaran gelap narkoba di wilayah perbatasan. Sinergitas dalam menghadapi kejahatan transnasional peredaran gelap narkoba membuat penanganan permasalahan tersebut akan lebih efektif. Penelitian ini membahas sinergitas yang dilakukan BNN dan Pemda Kalbar dalam menghadapi ancaman non militer berupa kejahatan transnasional peredaran gelap narkoba di Kalimantan Barat untuk pertahanan negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) sinergitas yang dilakukan BNN dan Pemda Kalbar dengan melaksanakan program Pencegahan, Pemberantasan Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba (P4GN), (2) Pemda Kalbar memberikan peran kepada BNN untuk mengadvokasi pengambilan kebijakan yang dapat mendukung kegiatan-kegiatan dan program P4GN, (3) BNN dapat melakukan koordinasi dengan pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota melalui BNNK di masing-masing wilayah, (4) sinergitas yang dilakukan BNN dan Pemda Kalbar terkendala dengan belum adanya Perda yang mengatur pelaksanaan kegiatan bersama, (5) proses sharing anggaran untuk melaksanakan kegiatan yang mendukung pelaksanaan penanggulangan peredaran gelap narkoba terganggu.
ROHINGYA, A STRUGGLE FOR RECOGNITION AS “INDIGENOUS”
Authors: Busyairi Muhammad , Bui Thi Kim Siem
Published: October 2022

Rohingya first came to Arakan State, Burma (Myanmar) between the eighth and ninth centuries. They are a Muslim minority ethnic group who have been struggling for their indigenous identity. Their arrival in Arakan correlated with the British colonialism and Japanese colonialism (1942-1945) which played a crucial role in initiating the conflicts between Muslims and Buddhists. In consideration of various definitions, Rohingya are obviously defined indigenous because they have lived in a specific territorial for long with their own language, culture and religion. This paper aims to argue that the Rohingya issue should be seen as indigenous group. To address the issue, we use a qualitative approach relying on the available secondary sources by giving historical background, theoretical framework and discussing on inter-religious conflict issue, a form of struggle for indigenous recognition. It is found that despite qualifying the standards to be admitted as indigenous, the Rohingya have been still refused to be minority ethnic group, even not accepted to be legal citizen by the Myanmar government, they are seen as foreigners or illegal immigrants instead. Three lessons are learned from this study on the failure of Rohingya’s recognition. First, the two colonialists were the “dark records” of the Rohingya conflicts. Second, the Myanmar governments have not treated the Rohingya with fair and similar policy during the historical time. Third, all protests and demonstrations conducted throughout the world to condemn the Myanmar government and all financial supports should be done on behalf of humanity, not a religious-solidarity to avoid unexpected effects for inter-religion conflicts nationally and internationally.
NONGSA DIGITAL PARK (NDP) INVESTMENT AS A COOPERATION IN THE DIGITAL SECTOR BETWEEN SINGAPORE AND INDONESIA IN BATAM
Authors: Putra Rinaldo Dwi
Published: October 2022

The digital economy is growing rapidly in the era of globalization in line with the advancement of the internet and technology. In the digital world, all economic sectors become connected, so that all countries strive to develop innovation through technological adaptation to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital economy. The digital sector greatly affects other economy sectors and will be an asset in the future. Investment in the digital sector requires improving resource capabilities and developing new and greater information technologies. Singapore is currently classified as advanced which means it has a very high adoption rate of technology and information, but has limited domestic consumption, while Indonesia has a large digital market with the most dynamic economic growth in Southeast Asia but has uneven technology. Batam is supported by contributions from integrated industrial areas and its strategic location is chosen as a digital park location for both countries. Digital cooperation between Singapore and Indonesia through NDP investment in Batam aims to adopt technology in accelerating the movement of digital economy.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BORDER SECURITY AT IMMIGRATION CHECKPOINTS (TPI)
Authors: Hidayat Putra Bagas
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menjawab secara eksplisit serta empiris salah satu tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi oleh keimigrasian dalam bidang keamanan perbatasan, yakni pengembangan kecerdasan buatan pada kesisteman perbatasan pada Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi di Indonesia, secara khusus di bandar udara internasional. Pembahasan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah penjelasan mengenai kecerdasan buatan dalam kesisteman perbatasan yang telah diciptakan di Indonesia maupun negara lain dan penjelasan mengenai seberapa pentingnya pengembangan kecerdasan buatan dalam meningkatkan keamanan perbatasan suatu negara secara dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dalam ruang lingkup deskriptif analisis yang bertujuan memberikan hasil penjelasan secara naratif mengenai pentingnya keberadaan kecerdasan buatan dalam kesisteman perbatasan bagi keamanan perbatasan suatu negara. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa keberadaan kecerdasan buatan pada Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi di Indonesia sangatlah dibutuhkan, tidak hanya di Indonesia, namun di seluruh dunia pun membutuhkan kecerdasan buatan dalam peningkatan keamanan perbatasan di setiap negara. Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini ialah telah ditemukannya beberapa aspek poin penting terkait kecerdasan buatan dalam kesisteman perbatasan yang dapat dikembangkan secara optimal ke depannya dan dapat diimplementasikan secara global pada Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi.
Implementation of Selective Policy in Granting State Enterprises License Calling Visa in Anticipating Immigration Violations at Immigration Examinations
Authors: Deputra Ale Alfero , Tarigan Bima Yosua A
Published: October 2022

State guests from calling visa countries come to Indonesia through the Immigration Checkpoint without a visa and are granted an entry permit on condition that they have clear recommendations. This policy is given based on the consideration of the competent authorities in order to support good bilateral cooperation between countries. The research method used is empirical normative legal research which is descriptive qualitative in nature by collecting data by collecting legal materials by identifying and analyzing laws and regulations, field data, library materials (books, scientific papers, articles), and other sources. other legal materials that are still relevant in this study. This research was conducted to determine the implementation of selective policies in granting entry permits for state guests (VVIP and VIP) from calling visas in anticipation of immigration violations at the Immigration Checkpoint and to find out the relationship between the selective policy and the applicable law. From the results of the study, it was found that the selective policy as a principle in granting entry permits for state guests calling visas still pays attention to the balance between the security approach and the welfare approach where the procedure is contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights.
HANDLING OF FOREIGN REFUGEES IN PANDEMIC TIMES IN CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY PERSPECTIVE (CASE STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF SIRIH GARDEN, JAKARTA
Authors: Pratama Fachrizza Sidi , Dhiba Hana Farah , Ismarus Rafsanjani
Published: October 2022

In Indonesia, more than 13,645 confirmed cases and the death toll reached 959 victims. In suppressing the number of spreads, the government has issued various policies with WHO standards, one of which is large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) by limiting community activities and movements as an effort to quarantine a region's health while still mobilizing basic needs for Indonesian citizens (WNI) and other citizens. affected foreigners. In the midst of the condition of the spread of the Covid-19 virus, which does not look at who will be infected, there is a group of people who have been neglected and have not been touched by much assistance from the government. They are refugees and asylum seekers residing in Indonesian territory. Being a complex problem, in the absence of domestic laws that regulate the problem of handling refugees, as well as the condition of refugees who have a high level of infection with Covid-19, this causes an anomaly in the enforcement of human rights (HAM). The Indonesian government in handling the Covid-19 pandemic should ensure that all levels of society are made a top priority, including refugees. The provision of access to social assistance is also considered, such as the provision of adequate shelter rooms, food supplies, personal protective health equipment (masks, antiseptics), as well as medical services and facilities.
SUPERVISION OF FOREIGNERS ACCORDING TO THE IMMIGRATION LAW IN FACING POTENTIAL THREATS TO INDONESIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Fakhruddin Ghozy Prananda , Alfero Deputra Ale , Antomarta Adhitya
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to find out the national security threats that may occur with the presence of foreigners in Indonesia and the supervision of foreigners according to the immigration law in the face of potential national security threats in Indonesia. The writing of this paper uses a normative juridical approach, which is a method for studying theories, legal principles, and laws and regulations relevant to research. The data collection method used is literature study. The author conducted a literature study of laws and regulations, immigration journals, and books related to immigration. Data analysis uses qualitative normative data analysis techniques. The results of this study show that the potential security threat of Indonesia with foreigners is a form of transnational organized crime (TOC), such as Cyber Crime, Human Trafficking, terrorism, drug trafficking, and money laundering (Money Laundry). The form of immigration supervision that can be carried out due to the potential threat is administrative supervision and field supervision. In addition, to develop the advancement of science and technology, the existence of a Foreigner Reporting Application (APOA) is targeted at hotel or lodging management to provide their access waivers. APOA serves to provide reports regarding the presence of foreigners to the local immigration office. Another form of immigration supervision is the presence of the TIMPORA ForeignEr Supervision Team assigned with the aim of supervising and cracking down on foreign nationals in indonesia's administrative regions
IMPLEMENTATION OF TEXT MINING FOR CLASSIFYING COMMUNITY QUESTIONS VIA WHATSAPP WITH THE NAÏVE BAYES CLASSIFIER METHOD
Authors: Nursanto Gunawan Ari , Prabadhi Isidorus Anung , Agung Pramana Alyuhdi Arifuddin
Published: October 2022

Text mining is the process of exploring knowledge based on specific patterns of textual data retrieval. There was an increase in the amount of text data from community questions on the Whatsapp information service at Surabaya Immigration Office which can be processed into detailed and complete information. Text data entered through Whatsapp question has also not been classified specifically, structured and also has not been published. This study aims to explain the characteristics of incoming messages provided by the public through the Whatsapp information service and to explain the process of classifying community questions according to the field of immigration public services namely WNI and WNA. The authors used the classification method with the Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC). Obtained the value of classification accuracy with algorithms and methods using the Naïve Bayes Classifier on the training data equal to 93.5% and testing data equal to 95% that included in the excellent scale. Therefore, Naïve Bayes Classifier method is very well applied for classifying public questions and SIPESAN system.
An In vitro Evaluation of Potential Free Radical Scavenging Antioxidant activity of selected Novel Synthetic Flavones
Authors: S. Bhixavatimath Prabhulingayya , Naikawadi Akram , A. Maniyar Yasmeen , Shalavadi Mallappa , Maher Gurudatta , Daroj Vijayakumar
Published: October 2022

Background: The study of free radicals nowadays have become more attention as these are evoked continuously due to hazardous environmental conditions and food habits. Endogenously free radicals are introduced in our body due to exposure to different physiochemical conditions or some pathological states by various mechanisms. Oxidative stress occurs due to exposure of excess free radicals to body. Antioxidants act as a major defence against the free radical-mediated injury by scavenging them. Majority of the flavonoids found in plant products are known as antioxidants as they selectively scavenge the free radicals. Methods: Synthetic flavones (VMF41, VMF 43, VMF 45 and VMF 46) having different side chains on the: 3-hydroxy-2- (5-methyl, 7-methyl, 6-methyl, and 7--methoxy) 2- thiophen-4H-chromen-4-one structure were examined for free radical scavenging potential over nitric oxide, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals by using appropriate in-vitro assay methods. Results and Discussion: Overall, with few exceptions, all the synthetic flavonoids (SFs) exhibited moderate free radical scavenging activity as compared to the standard drug. The test samples in the study showed dose dependant activity of scavenging activity. In nitric oxide radial scavenging activity, test flavonoids VMF 45 and VMF 46 exhibited significant scavenging activity at 50- 100µg/ml concentrations. The SFs VMF 43 and VMF 46 showed a good scavenging activity for hydroxyl, nitric oxide radicals and compounds VMF41, and VMF 43 showed significant scavenging activity at 50 µg/ml to 100µg/ml concentrations for superoxide radicals. However all the SFs at 10µg/ml concentration showed the low or poor radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: It is clear that these synthetic flavonoids (SFs) can be considered as potential antioxidant agents, however needs to be further tested at in vivo experiment to consider them as a lead antioxidant drug candidates.
Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for Bedaquiline Fumarate
Authors: Damle M. C. , Shinde O. A.
Published: October 2022

Bedaquiline fumarate is an anti-TB treatment that was approved in 2012 and has a novel mechanism of action for fighting multidrug resistance (MDR). Bedaquiline fumarate, a diarylquinoline having significant bactericidal and sterilising activity, has been licenced by the US Food and Drug Administration,for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).A simple, sensitive and stability indicating High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography method has been developed and validated for estimation of Bedaquiline fumarate as per ICH guidelines. Method was developed with silica gel 60 F254TLC plates using Acetonitrile: Ethyl acetate (7:3v/v) as mobile phase with densitometric detection at 229 nm. This system was found to give compact bands for Bedaquiline fumarate at (Rf 0.53 ±0.01). The linearity was observed in the range of200-1000 ng/band. Bedaquiline was exposed to different stress degradation conditions like hydrolysis at different pH, oxidation, photolytic and thermal degradation. The proposed method can used for routine quantitative determination of Bedaquiline.
Evaluation and Pharmacokinetic Study in healthy human volunteers of developed bilayer thin films containing Piroxicam and Zolmitriptan
Authors: Bhyan Bhupinder , Chandra Bhatt Dinesh , Jangra Sarita
Published: October 2022

In the current work, sublingual bilayer thin films (SBTFs) containing piroxicam and zolmitriptan, were prepared by solvent casting technique using HPMC E15, pullulan afterwards evaluated for their physicomechanical properties, disintegration time and in-vitro drug release. A single dose of formulated SBTFs containing piroxicam (10mg) and Zolmitriptan (2.5mg) was administered to healthy volunteers and their blood samples were withdrawn at predefined time interval for in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Plasma concentration of drugs were analysed using a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained and compared with pharmacokinetic data of marketed formulation. The thickness, weight variation, folding endurance and pH of the films was found to be within the acceptable range. The in-vitro disintegration time varied from 27-45 sec and drug content was found to be 96.01- 100.62% for all the formulation. Formulation B3 showed drug release of 92% within 3-4.5 mins. The plasma concentration time curve helped in assessing the pharmacokinetic parameters i.e. AUC0-24, t1/2, Cmax, tmax, and Vd. The plasma concentration time profile of both drugs indicated the increase of AUC, bioavailability, elimination half-life and Vd when compared with the pharmacokinetic parameters of marketed formulation which helped in the rapid onset of action in the management of acute pain. The results suggested that plasma drug concentration of active ingredient started appearing in a significant amount within 30 minutes which indicated that the developed sublingual delivery system had effectively delivered the drug into the systemic circulation.
Diagnostic Testing of Hematology Analyzer Equipped with WPC Channel Scattergram in Determining Strains of Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Ayu Permatasari Cynthia , Hajat Arifoel , Putra Sedana Made
Published: October 2022

Determination of myeloid and lymphoid strains of hematological malignancies is often difficult when determination is solely based on morphology. ADVIA hematology analyzer and WPC channels are said to have the ability to differentiate acute leukemia strains. There is no data regarding the diagnostic values of WPC channels in determining the strain of both acute and chronic hematological malignancies. This study aims to analyze the diagnostic value of WPC channels in determining myeloid and lymphoid strains in both acute and chronic hematological malignancies in comparison to immunophenotyping, which is considered as the gold standard in strain identification. Peripheral blood and BMA specimens from patients with suspected acute and chronic hematological malignancies were subjected to immunophenotyping and testing using WPC Sysmex XN-1000 simultaneously. The strains of hematological malignancies produced from the two examinations were then statistically analyzed to determine their sensitivity and specificity. There was a total of 86 samples of hematological malignancies used in this research. With WPC channel-based strain interpretation, results showed that 54 samples were in accordance with the results obtained from immunophenotyping, meanwhile 25 samples could not be interpreted/inconclusive. Inconclusive samples were further analyzed by examining the dominant abnormal population contained in the WPC scattergram, which resulted in a lower number of inconclusive samples, namely 5 samples. After further analysis was carried out on the inconclusive samples, the results of the diagnostic test for WPC channel-based strain identification showed sensitivity of 85.71% and specificity of 91.89% in determining hematological malignancies of myeloid and lymphoid strains, with diagnostic accuracy reaching 91.65% in comparison to immunophenotyping. In conclusion, the WPC channels have the ability determine strains of both acute and chronic hematological malignancies with high diagnostic value in comparison to strain identification using immunophenotyping.
BRCA1, BCL2, and the RB Tumor Suppressor have abnormal expressions in lung cancer
Authors: Ali Jassim Marwa Mohammed , A. Naji Shaymaa , Mohammed Mahmood Majid
Published: October 2022

The retinoblastoma (RB) gene encodes the retinoblastoma pocket protein, which controls the cell cycle by binding to unphosphorylated E2F transcription factors and inhibiting their activation. The function of BRCA1 and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in lung cancer, however, is still debated. Objective:The purpose of this research is to look at the relationship between the cell-cycle proteins BRCA1, BCL2, and RB and lung cancer etiology and progression. Experimental Design: Cases from major hospitals and many private histopathological laboratories between 2018 and 2021 were reviewed for immunohistochemical expression of BRCA1, BCL2, and RB. A total of 60 people (20 healthy people as a control group and 40 patients with lung carcinoma) were reviewed and analyzed for immunohistochemical expression of these genes. Results: In (90.0%) of cases, RB-IHC was overexpressed, according to the data. The BRCA1 overexpression was seen in (95.0 %). Though BCL2 was overexpressed in (92.5%) of the cases. When comparing the healthy and lung cancer groups, there is a highly significant difference at (P<0.01). Conclusion: Overexpression of RB, BRCA1, and BCL2 in lung cancers with little or no regulatory role may suggest mutational events, which act in collaboration with numerous other genetic mutations in these tissues. The study findings indicate that disruption of cell cycle proteins may perform a unique function in lung cancer disease onset and development and suggest that all patients have abnormalities in the BRCA1, BCL2, and RB proteins. have a role in lung carcinomas.
Phytochemical Screening, Total Flavonoid, Phenolic content assays and Antioxidant activity of selected Unani Formulations
Authors: Kumar K. Ashok , Tamboli Firoj A. , N. More Harinath , M. Alaskar Kamal , G. Tandale Prashant
Published: October 2022

In the present study, unani formulations Habb-e-Suranjan, Habb-e-Azaraqui are evaluated for the presence and quantification of phytochemicals, total antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were estimated according to folin-ciocalteau and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods respectively. The total antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity were conducted according to standard methods. The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols and tannins in Habb-e-Suranjan and Habb-e-Azaraqui. The quantitative study of total phenols and flavonoids in these formulations were expressed in terms of Gallic acid and Quercetin equivalents. The total antioxidant capacities of the formulations were less compared to standard ascorbic acid. Hence concluded that the studied unani formulations shown to possess phyto-therapeutic constituents which may be responsible for antioxidant and reducing power activities. Overall, the formulations are proving the claimed therapeutic activities by antioxidant mechanism.
A Comparative Study on Mono-therapy and Combination Therapy of Additive Drugs (Rebamipide and Pantoprazole) with Amla and Honey combination for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Intestinal motility
Authors: Mazumder Avijit , Kumar Naveen , Das Saumya , Yadav Kumar Shivam
Published: October 2022

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is digestive disorder of oesophagus. Reflux of food damage oesophagus and cause oesophageal ulcer and erosion. The treatment strategy starts by giving natural formulation and synthetic drugs. A comparison based on In-vivo study was carried out to determine the therapeutic efficacy of herbal formulation using Amla and Honey in combination with Pantoprazole and Rebamipide for the treatment of GERD, The effects of all above mentioned medication was also checked on intestinal motility. In vitro studies were carried out to determine the antispasmodic activity of Amla and Honey in comparison to acetylcholine by isolated rat ileum. In pylorus ligation GERD model mono-therapy was performed by giving herbal formulation of Amla and Honey. In combination therapy Pantoprazole and Rebamipide, Amla, Honey with Pantoprazole and Rebamipide were given and their therapeutic efficacy was observed at the ends of 14 days. In charcoal meal motility test the distance travelled by charcoal in intestine was measured. At the end of study it was concluded that combination therapy have highest therapeutic efficacy in comparison to mono-therapy of natural combination of Amla and Honey against Pantoprazole and Rebamipide. In In-vitro antispasmodic activity Amla and Honey formulation decreased the contractility pattern in concentration dependent manner against acetylcholine. In charcoal meal motility test highest intestinal motility were observed in Amla and Honey and can be given in GERD for easily digestion of food from stomach.
Sudomotor dysfunction and corneal nerve loss: An unusual presentation of syringomyelia and COVID-19 infection
Authors:   Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar., Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: October 2022

Aim: To highlight unusual neurological findings in a patient with syringomyelia and COVID-19. Methods: Neurological examination, Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the full neuroaxis, electrophysiologic studies, Corneal Confocal Microscopy (CCM) and Sudoscan were performed. Results: A previously fit and well 28-year-old lady presented with worsening shoulder and neck pain after COVID-19. She was found to have reduced pinprick sensation in both arms and base of the neck and MRI revealed a cervical syrinx. Electrophysiologic studies showed no evidence of upper limb neuropathy or cervical radiculopathy, but CCM showed corneal nerve loss and Sudoscan demonstrated severe sudomotor dysfunction in both hands. Conclusion: We present an unusual case of worsening pain with sudomotor dysfunction and corneal nerve fibre loss in a patient with syringomyelia and COVID-19 infection.
What is the 'opposite' of 'blue'? The language of colour spaces
Authors: Dodgson Neil
Published: October 2022

Colour wheels are a tool for ordering and understanding hue. Different colour wheels differ in the spacing of the colours around the wheel. The opponent colour theory, Munsell’s colour system, the standard printer’s primaries, the artist’s primaries, and Newton’s rainbow all present different variations of the colour wheel. I show that some of this variation is owing to imprecise use of language, based on Berlin and Kay’s theory of basic colour names. I also show that the artist’s colour wheel is an outlier that does not match well to the technical colour wheels because its principal colours are so strongly connected to the basic colour names. This has implications for how we teach colour at tertiary level: students have had the artist's colour wheel embedded in their consciousness since early primary school; as educators we need to unpick that imprecise tool and instil more accurate concepts of colour. Understanding why the artist's colour wheel exists in its current form is important in helping students understand the more technically-correct colour spaces.
Fulfilling the Need for a STEM Platform
Authors: Wagner Paul A.
Published: October 2022

For students to grasp mathematical thinking and not merely secure behavioral responsiveness to standardized cues, they must be lured into viewing it as a conceptual wilderness that is exciting and open to new path-finding ways of thinking about math. By using the example of the Pythagorean theorem an example of how this can be done in practice is made palpably clear.
Assessing the Digital Citizenship Self-efficacy of Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Sakorn Wanicha
Published: October 2022

In this study, we aim to assess pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy in using computer technology in the digital era as digital citizens. Briefly, students in the Faculty of Education were asked how they perceive computers and technology as a tool in life, education, and future careers. The samples were 615 pre-service teachers selected by Yamane’s method in sample selection from the population of 3093 students in the Faculty of Education, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Thailand. The samples were 1-5th year student teachers from 20 majors in the faculty. The samples were from middle to upper-middle-income families considering the public status of the university with the tuition fee of around 350-400 USD a semester. The sole instrument of the study was a questionnaire with the purpose to investigate computer self-efficacy as digital citizens of the samples. The data were collected in 2020 via an online questionnaire and analyzed by percentage, mean score, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The results of the study lead to an explanation of the nature of prospective teachers’ beliefs and willingness to develop themselves as a member of the post-digital world, a place where a blurred area of virtual and authentic exist and affect people's lives. It shows that pre-service teachers of a certain socio-economy group had a high level of digital citizenship self-efficacy.
Sentencias comentadas. Análisis del Dieselgate desde el Derecho civil (a propósito de la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo, Sala de lo Civil, Sección Pleno, 561/2021, de 23 de julio)
Authors: Rodríguez Guitian Alma Mª
Published: October 2022

Sentencias comentadas. Análisis del Dieselgate desde el Derecho civil (a propósito de la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo, Sala de lo Civil, Sección Pleno, 561/2021, de 23 de julio)
Vidéki háztartások a körforgásos gazdaság megvalósulásáért : A háztartási hulladékok kezelése és a környezettudatos vásárlási döntések vizsgálata Sopronban és környékén
Authors: Németh Nikoletta , Mészáros Katalin
Published: October 2022

A hulladék mennyiségének rohamos növekedése fogyasztásunk és termelésünk eredménye. A fenntarthatóság szempontjából a hulladékok csökkentése, beleértve a háztartási hulladékokat is, általános feladattá vált. A hulladékok nem csak környezetterhelést jelentenek, de gazdasági veszteséget is okoznak. Az elmúlt évek törekvései a lineáris gazdaság helyett a körforgásos gazdaság irányába való elmozdulást sürgetik, melynek feltétele a hulladékok gazdasági körforgásba történő visszajuttatása. A jelenlegi vizsgálattal a lakosság attitűdjét térképezzük fel, és keressük a motivációs tényezőket arra vonatkozóan, hogy mint a gazdaság mikroszintű egységei, magukénak érzik-e a fenntartható fejlődés törekvését. A törekvés egyik alapköve a körforgásos gazdaság előmozdítása környezettudatos fogyasztóként vagy a szelektív hulladékgyűjtés alkalmazása révén, a hulladékok újrahasznosítási lehetőségeit kutatva. Tanulmányunkban véletlen mintavételi technikával választottuk ki a soproni és Sopron környéki háztartásokat, ahol vizsgáltuk a háztartási hulladékok csökkentése érdekében tett lépéseket. A vizsgálatok során igyekeztünk rávilágítani a falvakban, a városi agglomerációban, illetve a városközpontban élők szelektív hulladékgyűjtéssel kapcsolatos attitűdjének eltéréseire. A kutatásba bevont megkérdezettek esetében a környezettudatos vásárlási magatartás és a szelektív hulladékgyűjtés nagymértékű támogatását, pozitív fogadtatását várjuk a vizsgált demográfiai változóktól függetlenül. Az eredmények közül kiemelhető, hogy a Sopronban és környékén élők többnyire tudatosak a szelektív hulladékgyűjtést illetően (amit a hajlandóságra kapott értékek és a szelektív hulladék elhelyezésére vonatkozó ismeretek támasztanak alá). Megállapítottuk, hogy az elkötelezettség nemtől független, de a lakóhely (városközpont, városi agglomeráció, falu) és az életkor befolyásolja. A hulladékot szelektíven nem gyűjtők fő okként a helyhiányt, illetve a szolgáltató részéről tapasztalható hiányos infrastruktúrát nevezték meg. A körforgásos gazdaság gyakorlati megvalósítása érdekében nélkülözhetetlen a szelektív hulladékgyűjtés és a hulladék mennyiségének csökkentése. Ennek megvalósulását a válaszadók az ésszerű és csomagolásmentes, valamint a minőségi, hosszú élettartamú és környezetbarát termékek vásárlásával érik el.
ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ РАЗНОСТИ ТЕМПЕРАТУР С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ТЕРМОПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Мамиконян Б.М. , Мамиконян Х.Б.
Published: October 2022

Рассмотрены вопросы измерения разности температур с применением термопреобразователей сопротивления (ТС). Выполнен краткий анализ наиболее распространенных измерительных цепей (ИЦ), используемых для цифрового измерения разности сопротивлений ТС. В основу разработки положена предложенная авторами ИЦ, построенная по компенсационной схеме измерения разности напряжений. ТС включены в ИЦ по четырехпроводной линии связи, что практически исключает влияние изменения сопротивлений соединительных проводов на результат измерения. Сопряжение ИЦ с аналого-цифровым преобразователем (АЦП) двухтактного интегрирования позволяет также исключить влияние нестабильности измерительного тока. Указанные особенности ИЦ дают возможность использовать ее в узкопредельных измерителях разности температур.
Получена функция преобразования разности сопротивлений ТС в цифровой код, изложена методика исследования погрешности измерения. Основными источниками погрешностей являются неидентичность характеристик применяемых ТС, допуск и нестабильность сопротивления опорного резистора (последний применяется в ИЦ для создания опорного напряжения, подаваемого на один из опорных входов АЦП).
Рассмотрена возможность использования измерителя в системе теплоснабжения для измерения разности температур воды, протекающей по горячей и холодной трубам (диапазоны измеряемых температур – от до в горячей трубе и от до - в холодной). В качестве датчиков использованы платиновые ТС типа 100П. Результаты расчетов показывают, что при классе точности А используемых ТС предел основной относительной погрешности измерения разности температур в диапазоне не превышает 2,21% с доверительной вероятностью 0,95.