bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can evidence drive health equity in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond?
Authors: Bell Katy , White Sam , Diaz Abbey , Bahria Priya , Sima Fiona , Al-Delaimy Wael K. , dosReis Susan , Hassan Omar , Drabarek Dorothy , Nisha Monjura , Baptiste-Roberts Kesha , Gwiazdon Katy , Raynes-Greenow Camille , Taylor Wilson Robin , Gaudino James A. , da Silveira Moreira Rafael , Jennings Bruce , Gulliver Pauline
Published: January 2024

Using scoping review methods, we systematically searched multiple online databases for publications in the first year of the pandemic that proposed pragmatic population or health system-level solutions to health inequities. We found 77 publications with proposed solutions to pandemic-related health inequities. Most were commentaries, letters, or editorials from the USA, offering untested solutions, and no robust evidence on effectiveness. Some of the proposed solutions could unintentionally exacerbate health inequities. We call on health policymakers to co-create, co-design, and co-produce equity-focussed, evidence-based interventions with communities, focussing on those most at risk to protect the population as a whole. Epidemiologists collaborating with people from other relevant disciplines may provide methodological expertise for these processes. As epidemiologists, we must interrogate our own methods to avoid propagating any unscientific biases we may hold. Epidemiology must be used to address, and never exacerbate, health inequities—in the pandemic and beyond.
Calculation of core hysteresis loss resistance for Buntenbach’s analogy hysteresis model
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Shen Yadong , Tian Mingxing , Wang Tiange , Tian Wenjun
Published: January 2024

The value for core hysteresis loss (CHL) resistance in Buntenbach’s analogy hysteresis model does not consider the impact of frequency variations. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a calculation expression for CHL resistance that takes into account the influence of frequency variation through a variable coefficient. The paper analyzes changes in CHL resistance values at different frequencies using hysteresis loss characteristics and circuit theory. To validate the proposed calculation method for CHL resistance, Buntenbach’s analogy hysteresis model is applied to model the Epstein frame and magnetically saturated controllable reactor. The comparative results reveal that the proposed calculation expression for CHL resistance is effective.
Microstructure and soft magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe–Si–B–Cu–Nb soft magnetic alloy by laser annealing
Authors: Yao Yunxia , Huang Haoxuan , Ni Mayan , Yang Sen
Published: January 2024

The impact of laser annealing on the nanocrystalline Fe–Si–B–Cu–Nb soft magnetic alloy has been investigated. The experimental results showed that the microstructure of nanocrystals produced by laser annealing is comparable to that of furnace annealing. However, the annealing time plays a crucial role in determining the grain size and crystalline fraction evolution, thereby affecting both the coercivity and saturation magnetization. Nonetheless, the volume crystalline fraction of the laser annealed samples is lower than that of the furnace annealed ones due to the ultrahigh heating and cooling rate, which hinders the growth of nanocrystals and crystallization region. In addition, laser annealed samples demonstrate no distinct crystallization at high scanning speeds, even with noticeable changes in soft magnetic properties. Furthermore, the correlation between coercivity and grain size is examined, revealing a progressive decline in coercivity with a decrease in grain size. It is also found that the rule Hc ∝ D6 is also valid in laser annealing for relatively larger grains, whereas the rule becomes Hc ∝ D3 for smaller grains.
A recursive cell multipole method for atomistic electrodynamics models
Authors: Bronson Mark J. , Jensen Lasse
Published: January 2024

For large plasmonic nanoparticles, retardation effects become important once their length becomes comparable to the wavelength of light. However, most models do not incorporate retardation effects due to the high computational cost of solving for the optical properties of large atomistic electrodynamics systems. In this work, we derive and implement a recursive fast multipole method (FMM) in Cartesian coordinates that includes retardation effects. In this method, higher-order electrodynamic interaction tensors used for the FMM are calculated recursively, thus greatly reducing the implementation complexity of the model. This method allows for solving of the optical properties of large atomistic nanoparticles with controlled accuracy; in practice, taking the expansion to the fifth order provides a good balance of accuracy and computational time. Finally, we study the effects retardation has on the near- and far-field properties of large plasmonic nanoparticles with over a million atoms using this method. We specifically focus on nanorods and their dimers, which are known to generate highly confined fields in their junctions. In the future, this method can be applied to simulations in which accurate near-field properties are required, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Numerical simulation of mixing effect of compressed air–foam gas–liquid mixer
Authors: Bai Bing , Xu Xiaodong , Liu Wenfang , Xu Panpan , Tian Zhijian , Zhang Jun , Ji Yun
Published: January 2024

This article investigated the effect of geometric structural parameters on flow patterns and pressure drops and gas–liquid mixing effects of gas–liquid mixing devices. The computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used to calculate the airflow inside the mixer of a compressed air–foam gas–liquid mixing device with different cone angles, foam flow rates, air inlet inclination angles, and pipeline diameters. The results obtained are the pressure distribution, the liquid volume fraction, and the liquid phase streamlines in the mixing device. The numerical simulation results showed that for a gas–liquid mixing device, the optimal inlet inclination angle was 60°–70°, and the mixing effect of an equal diameter mixer was better than that of a variable diameter mixer, but it would reduce the mixing efficiency of the air and foam. The optimal pipeline diameter of the conveying pipeline was 190 mm, and the optimal cone angle of the mixing device was 55°.
A hybrid of iterative Gauss–Newton and one-dimensional convolutional neural network for high-resolution electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Minakawa Keiya , Ohta Keigo , Komatsu Hiroaki , Fukuyama Tomoko , Ikuno Takashi
Published: January 2024

We developed a processing method using benefits of both iterative Gauss–Newton (IGN) and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) for high-resolution electrical impedance tomography. The proposed method logically combines conductivity images reconstructed by different methods. The accuracies of the mathematical IGN method, 1D-CNN method, and the proposed method were compared. Utilizing the ideal potential data obtained through simulations, along with the experimental potential data derived from cement samples, we reconstruct the conductivity distribution. When utilizing the simulation data, the IGN method produces larger errors in the reconstructed images as the size of the foreign object decreases. The proposed method reconstructs the position and size more accurately than the IGN and 1D-CNN methods. When utilizing the experimental data, 1D-CNN and proposed methods were more accurate in terms of the position and size than the IGN method.
Comprehensive quantum calculation of the first dielectric virial coefficient of water
Authors: Garberoglio Giovanni , Lissoni Chiara , Spagnoli Luca , Harvey Allan H.
Published: January 2024

We present a complete calculation, fully accounting for quantum effects and for molecular flexibility, of the first dielectric virial coefficient of water and its isotopologues. The contribution of the electronic polarizability is computed from a state-of-the-art intramolecular potential and polarizability surface from the literature, and its small temperature dependence is quantified. The dipolar polarizability is calculated in a similar manner with an accurate literature dipole-moment surface; it differs from the classical result both due to the different molecular geometries sampled at different temperatures and due to the quantization of rotation. We calculate the dipolar contribution independently from spectroscopic information in the HITRAN2020 database and find that the two methods yield consistent results. The resulting first dielectric virial coefficient provides a complete description of the dielectric constant at low density that can be used in humidity metrology and as a boundary condition for new formulations for the static dielectric constant of water and heavy water.
Phase shift investigation of dual-three phase V-shaped PM vernier motor for improving torque and power factor
Authors: Pang Dongze , Zhu Xiaoyong , Xiang Zixuan , Fan Deyang , Wang Tengguang
Published: January 2024

Permanent magnet vernier motor (PMVM) is extremely attractive in low-speed large-torque, whereas it always suffers from poor power factor. In order to realize the cooperative improvement of torque and power factor, this paper applies dual-three phase winding in PMVM, and investigates the influence of phase shift on torque and power factor improvement from the perspective of working harmonics and non-working harmonics. The key of this paper is to decompose the armature field harmonics. Through appropriated phase shift, increasing the armature working harmonics to improve the torque, and eliminating the armature non-working harmonics to enhance the power factor. Then the 24/38 DTP-PMVM is designed. Through theoretical derivation and simulation, it is verified that the DTP-PMVM torque is optimal and power factor is improved by phase shift 30°, compared with phase shift 0°.
Spiking at the edge: Excitability at interfaces in reaction–diffusion systems
Authors: Scheibner Colin , Ori Hillel , Cohen Adam E. , Vitelli Vincenzo
Published: January 2024

Excitable media, ranging from bioelectric tissues and chemical oscillators to forest fires and competing populations, are nonlinear, spatially extended systems capable of spiking. Most investigations of excitable media consider situations where the amplifying and suppressing forces necessary for spiking coexist at every point in space. In this case, spikes arise due to local bistabilities, which require a fine-tuned ratio between local amplification and suppression strengths. But, in nature and engineered systems, these forces can be segregated in space, forming structures like interfaces and boundaries. Here, we show how boundaries can generate and protect spiking when the reacting components can spread out: Even arbitrarily weak diffusion can cause spiking at the edge between two non-excitable media. This edge spiking arises due to a global bistability, which can occur even if amplification and suppression strengths do not allow spiking when mixed. We analytically derive a spiking phase diagram that depends on two parameters: i) the ratio between the system size and the characteristic diffusive length-scale and ii) the ratio between the amplification and suppression strengths. Our analysis explains recent experimental observations of action potentials at the interface between two non-excitable bioelectric tissues. Beyond electrophysiology, we highlight how edge spiking emerges in predator–prey dynamics and in oscillating chemical reactions. Our findings provide a theoretical blueprint for a class of interfacial excitations in reaction–diffusion systems, with potential implications for spatially controlled chemical reactions, nonlinear waveguides and neuromorphic computation, as well as spiking instabilities, such as cardiac arrhythmias, that naturally occur in heterogeneous biological media.
On the surprising effectiveness of a simple matrix exponential derivative approximation, with application to global SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Didier Gustavo , Glatt-Holtz Nathan E. , Holbrook Andrew J. , Magee Andrew F. , Suchard Marc A.
Published: January 2024

The continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) is the mathematical workhorse of evolutionary biology. Learning CTMC model parameters using modern, gradient-based methods requires the derivative of the matrix exponential evaluated at the CTMC’s infinitesimal generator (rate) matrix. Motivated by the derivative’s extreme computational complexity as a function of state space cardinality, recent work demonstrates the surprising effectiveness of a naive, first-order approximation for a host of problems in computational biology. In response to this empirical success, we obtain rigorous deterministic and probabilistic bounds for the error accrued by the naive approximation and establish a “blessing of dimensionality” result that is universal for a large class of rate matrices with random entries. Finally, we apply the first-order approximation within surrogate-trajectory Hamiltonian Monte Carlo for the analysis of the early spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across 44 geographic regions that comprise a state space of unprecedented dimensionality for unstructured (flexible) CTMC models within evolutionary biology.
Mouths, tongues, and ears
Authors: Mitchell Alice , Zimmermann Nicola
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates words for ‘language’ and their
possible source concepts in 130 African languages. Radden (2001) noted that words for ‘language’
almost always draw on more basic meanings and proposed a metonymic chain
from (i) speech organs to (ii) speaking as activity to (iii) speech as
“object” to (iv) language. Our sample provides additional evidence for these
semantic pathways, showing that ‘tongue’ and ‘mouth’ are important source
concepts for ‘language’ across Africa, as well as concepts relating to
speech. After summarizing the survey results, we consider the novel
extension ‘ear’ to ‘language’ in Datooga. While frequently attested
metonymic processes point to widespread conceptualizations of language as
embodied, we nonetheless find cultural variation in which aspects of speech
behavior provide conceptual material for words for ‘language’.
Notes on glottonyms and ethnonyms in Ethiopian languages
Authors: Leyew Zelealem
Published: January 2024

This paper gives a grammatical and sociolinguistic
account of glottonyms and ethnonyms in Ethiopian languages. As a metonymic
relationship, glottonyms are derived from ethnonyms by attaching the roots
of the vocal organs: ‘mouth’, ‘tongue’ and ‘tooth’. The mouth-based
glottonyms are widespread in Cushitic, Omotic and Semitic languages.
Nilo-Saharan languages have mouth- and tongue-based glottonyms. Few
suppletive forms of glottonyms and ethnonyms were recorded. The use of
multiple names for the same language and ethnic group is frequent. The
disparity between endonyms and exonyms has long been a source of confusion.
In particular, the use of derogatory names has created discontent among
ethnolinguistic groups. To alleviate the problems emanating from this
polyonymous situation, a uniform use of endonyms as standard names is
proposed in this study.
Verbal lexicalization and cultural domains in Toposa
Authors: Schröder Helga
Published: January 2024

Toposa, an Eastern Nilotic language of South Sudan,
packages a great deal of semantic information in verb roots. This chapter
investigates whether lexicalization processes in the verb can be linked to
the emergence of cultural “schemas”, “frames” or “scenarios” (Goddard & Wierzbicka, 2014).
The chapter shows that Toposa has refined verbal lexicalization in cultural
activities and scenarios in the lexical domains of mobility, sacrifices,
rituals, carrying, cutting, herding, transportation of goods, and
daily activities that at large reflect typical characteristics of the
pastoralist cultures of East Africa and thus suggests a link between culture
and language in the semantic domains of activity verbs.
Testing the effectiveness of a supportive digital information tool for patients recovering from bowel surgery, their
surgeons and nurses
Authors: Lonsdale Maria dos Santos , Baxter Matthew , Yao Qinxin , Yu Luwen , Chapman Stephen J.
Published: January 2024

Colorectal surgery is a common procedure for bowel cancer, with communication of information playing a key role in
patient surgery preparation and recovery. Previous research has shown that surgery e-health tools are effective in many medical
contexts. With this in mind, an interactive app was developed using an iterative user-centred design and research process and a
multi-methods approach. The aim was to enhance communication between patients and medical staff and empower patients throughout
their recovery. Results showed the superiority of a mobile app in communicating information when compared to a printed booklet,
and to a tablet app variant.
Galaxy bias renormalization group
Authors: Rubira Henrique , Schmidt Fabian
Published: January 2024

The effective field theory of large-scale structure allows for a consistent perturbative
bias expansion of the rest-frame galaxy density field. In this work, we present a systematic
approach to renormalize galaxy bias parameters using a finite cutoff scale Λ. We derive
the differential equations of the Wilson-Polchinski renormalization group that describe the
evolution of the finite-scale bias parameters with Λ, analogous to the β-function
running in QFT. We further provide the connection between the finite-cutoff scheme and the
renormalization procedure for n-point functions that has been used as standard in the literature
so far; some inconsistencies in the treatment of renormalized bias in current EFT analyses are
pointed out as well. The fixed-cutoff scheme allows us to predict, in a principled way, the finite
part of loop contributions which is due to perturbative modes and which, in the standard
renormalization approach, is absorbed into counterterms. We expect that this will allow for the
robust extraction of (a yet-to-be-determined amount of) additional cosmological information from
galaxy clustering, both when using field-level techniques and n-point functions.
Nonlinear interaction of head-on solitary waves in integrable and nonintegrable systems
Authors: Zhang 张 Shutian 树甜 , Liu 刘 Shikun 世鲲 , Jiao 矫 Tengfei 滕菲 , Sun 孙 Min 敏 , Hu 胡 Fenglan 凤兰 , Huang 黄 Decai 德财
Published: January 2024

This study numerically investigates the nonlinear interaction of head-on solitary waves in a granular chain (a nonintegrable system) and compares the simulation results with the theoretical results in fluid (an integrable system). Three stages (the pre-in-phase traveling stage, the central-collision stage, and the post-in-phase traveling stage) are identified to describe the nonlinear interaction processes in the granular chain. The nonlinear scattering effect occurs in the central-collision stage, which decreases the amplitude of the incident solitary waves. Compared with the leading-time phase in the incident and separation collision processes, the lagging-time phase in the separation collision process is smaller. This asymmetrical nonlinear collision results in an occurrence of leading phase shifts of time and space in the post-in-phase traveling stage. We next find that the solitary wave amplitude does not influence the immediate space-phase shift in the granular chain. The space-phase shift of the post-in-phase traveling stage is only determined by the measurement position rather than the wave amplitude. The results are reversed in the fluid. An increase in solitary wave amplitude leads to decreased attachment, detachment, and residence times for granular chains and fluid. For the immediate time-phase shift, leading and lagging phenomena appear in the granular chain and the fluid, respectively. These results offer new knowledge for designing mechanical metamaterials and energy-mitigating systems.
Trap induced broadening in a potential hydrogen lattice clock
Authors: Scott J P , Potvliege R M , Carty D , Jones M P A
Published: January 2024

We consider the potential use of optical traps for precision measurements in atomic hydrogen (H). Using an implicit summation method, we calculate the atomic polarisability, the rates of elastic/inelastic scattering and the ionisation rate in the wavelength range (395–1000) nm. We extend previous work to predict three new magic wavelengths for the 1S–2S transition. At the magic wavelengths, the 1S–2S transition is unavoidably and significantly broadened due to trap-induced ionisation associated with the high intensity required to trap the 1S state. However, we also find that this effect is partially mitigated by the low mass of H, which increases the trap frequency, enabling Lamb–Dicke confinement in shallow lattices. We find that a H optical lattice clock, free from the motional systematics which dominate in beam experiments, could operate with an intrinsic linewidth of the order of 1 kHz. Trap-induced losses are shown not to limit measurements of other transitions.
Research on capacity allocation of supercapacitor absorbing transient energy based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II
Authors: Yang Fengren , Wang Hong , Wang Zhijie
Published: January 2024

During the actual operation of the power system, various situations will be encountered. A slight disturbance will generate a relatively large transient energy in the system. Estimating the loss and reducing the transient energy well is a very worthwhile research topic. In this paper, we discussed the charging and discharging capability of supercapacitors, proposed a scheme of using parallel supercapacitors to absorb the transient energy generated after grid faults, established a supercapacitor capacity optimization model based on economy and absorption effect, used the NSGA-II Algorithm to find the size of the optimum supercapacitor capacity, and finally carried out modeling and simulating in MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the absorption effect of the optimal capacity configuration on transient energy.
The combined application technology of solar heat utilization and ground source heat pump
Authors: Luo Ning , Liu Wei , Duan Yanglong
Published: January 2024

Energy issues play an increasingly important role in national security and economic development. The country has put forward the policy of building energy-saving and land-saving buildings. The application of the comprehensive utilization of renewable energy in the construction field has gradually become a need for technical progress and industry development. With the official promulgation and implementation of the Renewable Energy Law in 2006, the application of solar energy, geothermal energy, and other related renewable energy in the construction industry has attracted more and more attention. However, the scope of practical application is currently limited to solar energy alone to supply domestic hot water, power generation, or ground source heat pump system heating and cooling. The actual engineering cases of the combined operation of the two are relatively few, and the unreasonable joint operation mode leads to low system efficiency. In this paper, the combined application system of solar heat utilization and ground source heat pump is elaborated and analyzed in detail, from the technical feasibility, system efficiency, and other aspects of the analysis. It emphasizes the necessity and development prospect of the comprehensive utilization of renewable energy.
The construction of an alternative fuel skeleton with a simplified n-heptane / 1-butene mechanism
Authors: An Dayang , Zhang Defu
Published: January 2024

Diesel is an important energy in the current world development. The promotion of industrial development has also brought serious drawbacks, energy depletion, and environmental pollution. Hence, the construction of new alternative diesel fuel has become an indispensable problem. Based on the detailed mechanism model of n-heptane and 1-butene, the simplified mechanism model of n-heptane and 1-butene was constructed by using oxidation path and temperature sensitivity analysis and various mechanism simplification methods. The experimental results show that the ignition delay of the simplified mechanism and the concentration of main components meet the experimental requirements. Coupled with the two simplified mechanisms, a diesel simplified framework containing 136 components and 746 primitive reactions was constructed. The HCCI ignition time was calculated for the diesel simplified framework. The simplified framework of diesel oil can predict the ignition time of HCCI with high precision under different temperature conditions. It can accurately describe the fuel combustion process.
Emission characteristics of light gasoline vehicles in plateau dry-hot valley area
Authors: Zhang Jian , Deng Song , Liu Xiaoying , Zhao Shenglian
Published: January 2024

Aiming at the emission problem of light-duty gasoline vehicles with climatic characteristics in the dry-hot valley of the plateau equipped with OBD and FGA-4100 automobile emission analyzer, the emission tests of light-duty vehicles were carried out under different indoor speeds, different loads, different outdoor speeds and different slopes. The results show that the CO emission is always above 4.5 g/h under different working conditions between 1300-1400 m above sea level. The emission of CO2 is always above 8332 g/h. The emission of HC is always above 0.02 g/h. NO emission is always above 0.1 g/h. In the experiment, temperature has a great influence on NO emission including the temperature of the engine itself and the ambient temperature. The emission increases with the increase of temperature. High altitude and automobile acceleration will cause incomplete combustion of the engine. At the same time, the emissions of HC and CO will increase with the elevation and automobile acceleration.
Study on fractal and energy dissipation characteristics of rock impact fragmentation in Junggar basin
Authors: Ma Yongqian , Tang Bo , Liu Xiaolan , Shao Ru , Zhu Huangang
Published: January 2024

In order to study the rock energy absorption and crushing fractal characteristics under impact load, the dynamic impact tests of rock in J1b formation in Junggar Basin were carried out by split Hopkinson bar. The strain rate effect on the crushing energy consumption and failure mode were analyzed. Combined with fractal dimension calculation and energy density analysis, the energy density and fractal characteristics of rocks during the impact process are studied. The results showed that the strain rate and energy density of the specimens are in line with the power relationship, the energy density increases with the strain rate, and the fractal dimension increases significantly with the increase of the strain rate, the energy density and fractal dimension of the specimen under dynamic load conform to a power relationship. The more energy absorbed by the rock, the more obvious the fractal characteristics are. The energy density combined with the fractal dimension calculation of rock fragmentation can quantitatively study the energy absorption law of rock per unit time.
Analysis of pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of several coals with different coal properties
Authors: Lou Zhongfa , Cheng Zhihai , Sun Kang , Wang Zhiwu , Jin Yonghua , Ma Chenyan , Bai Xue
Published: January 2024

Studying the pyrolysis and combustion properties of coal is advantageous for promoting the environmentally friendly and effective exploitation of this resource. To investigate the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of coal with varying types and properties, a thermal gravimetric experiment was conducted. This experiment aimed to determine the characteristic index and comprehensive combustion index. The pyrolysis characteristics of pulverized coal in a nitrogen atmosphere and the rapid combustion characteristics in an oxygen atmosphere were examined separately. The obtained results provide insights into the governing principles of the carbon content effect on the pyrolysis and combustion processes of pulverized coal particles. The findings indicate a positive correlation between the carbon content of coal and the efficiency of pyrolysis and combustion processes for pulverized coal particles. Moreover, a notable enhancement in the performance of pyrolysis and combustion is seen with increased carbon content.
Performance analysis of evaporatively-condensed cooling system in underground project
Authors: Liu Qi , Jiang Jianzhong , Dong Hongshan
Published: January 2024

In response to the difficulty of waste heat removal in underground confined spaces, a calculation model of evaporatively condensed cooling systems in underground projects has been established in this paper. Through calculation and analysis, the results show that among various influencing factors, the change in condensing temperature has the greatest influence on the cooling air volume. Increasing the condensing temperature can significantly reduce the air volume and air duct section, and there exists an optimal condensing temperature range that will reduce the total energy consumption and air volume of the system. On this basis, a calculation App for the optimal condensing temperature of the cooling system under different working conditions was designed, and the cooling system of a practical project was optimized, greatly reducing the difficulty and cost of air duct construction.
Optimized control strategy of totem-pole PFC converter based on two-stage charger
Authors: Zhu Xiaojun , Wu Yin , Tan Jian , Chen Chen , Xue Guiyuan , Xu Zheng , Niu Wenjuan , Sun Jinghui
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the operating principle and control scheme in the CCM mode of the front-end totem pole PFC are analyzed. Based on the operating characteristics of the circuit topology, a PR controller is used to control the input current. When the grid voltage contains harmonic signals, a low harmonic compensator is cascaded in the original PR controller to reduce the impact of harmonics in the grid voltage on the control effect. Then input current distortion is analyzed when the AC input voltage crosses zero point, and the corresponding optimization method is proposed. Finally, different experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Studies on the thermal cycle performance of solar thermal power generation under different heat sources
Authors: Chen Fengyun , Peng Jingping , Liu Lei , Ge Yunzheng , Liu Weimin
Published: January 2024

Solar thermal power generation is an important way to solve the future power demand, and some countries have entered the commercial application stage. According to the heat source temperatures provided by different solar thermal collector systems, different thermodynamic cycle modes of power generation systems were proposed so that the appropriate thermal cycle modes and working mediums at different heat source temperatures were obtained. The results show that, under a low-temperature heat source, in an organic Rankine cycle with R600 as the working medium, the cycle efficiency is 13.40% when the temperature of the turbine inlet is 100°C and the pressure is 1.5 MPa; the cycle thermal efficiency is 12.00% when the temperature of turbine inlet is 90°C. Under the conditions of medium temperature heat source, in the Rankine cycle with regenerative heat and R141b as a working medium, the efficiency is about 26.59% when the temperature of the turbine inlet is 220°C and the pressure is 3.0 MPa. Under the conditions of a high-temperature heat source, in the reheat extraction steam Rankine cycle, the theoretical cycle efficiency can reach 34.32% when the temperature of the turbine inlet is 380°C, the pressure is 8 MPa, and the condensation temperature is 41.5°C. The studies can provide a fundamental basis for the design of solar thermal power generation systems with different heat source conditions.
Experiment and simulation study on the characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle flash spray under the influence of superheat
Authors: Zheng Lei , Xu Haizhou , Fu Hao , Chen Hua , Cheng Wenlong
Published: January 2024

The good atomization performance of the pressure swirl nozzle makes it widely used in the fuel injection device of the internal combustion engine. Flash spray caused by fuel inlet superheat can affect spray and combustion characteristics. In this paper, a spray parameter measurement system is set up, combined with phase Doppler particle analysis (PDPA) technology to research the effect of superheat on spray velocity and droplet diameter distribution. To improve the safety of the experiment, Methyl Nonafluorobutyl Ether (HFE7100) with a boiling point of 61°C was used as the spray fluid. The cavitation model and VOF model are used to simulate the pressure swirl nozzle flash spray. The results show that when the temperature changes from 40°C to 60°C, the velocity of spray droplets increases and the particle size decreases under the action of weak evaporation; When the temperature changes from 60°C to 70°C, the evaporation mode is dominated by flash, making the droplet velocity at the spray center greatly increase and the velocity distribution change from saddle-shaped distribution to unimodal distribution. The droplet diameter increases, which may be due to the expansion of the droplet caused by the formation of bubbles inside the droplet under the action of flash.
Integrated technology for layered sand control and layered water injection
Authors: Wang Cong
Published: January 2024

In order to solve the problem of water injection string failure caused by pipe creep and sand production in layered water injection wells, an integrated technology of layered sand control and layered water injection has been developed. A suspended large-radiuslayered mechanical sand control pipe column has been designed, providing sufficient design and usage space for the layered water injection pipe column. Developing a new type of anti-creep sealed packer can effectively improve the anti-creep performance of the water injection string and extend the validity period of the string. This technology integrates and optimizes layered water injection and sand control technology, large channel backwashing technology, integrated testing and allocation technology, and anti-creep technology of the pipe string. While effectively solving sand production in offshore water injection wells, it extends the service life of the water injection pipe string and reduces operating costs. Since 2018, this technology has been implemented in over 200 wells in Chengdao Oilfield, with a maximum of 6 layers for prevention and injection, a maximum well inclination of 48.8°, and a construction success rate of over 90%. It has achieved very good development results and economic benefits.
Research and application of drilling technologies in junggar basin for neogene ultra-shallow horizontal wells
Authors: Liu Xiaobo , Wang Fuwei , Liu Jiangtao
Published: January 2024

The ultra-shallow heavy oil reservoir in Chunfeng Oilfield has become an important position in increasing reserves and production. Vertical wells have low production and poor benefits. The development engineering technology of horizontal wells faces many technical problems. Aiming at the drilling problems of ultra-shallow heavy oil horizontal wells, research and application have been carried out from the aspects of drilling engineering optimization design and shallow soft formation trajectory control. Shallow heavy oil cementing and completion and key drilling and completion technologies suitable for the efficient development of ultra-shallow heavy oil in the Neogene of Junggar Basin have been formed. The field application results show that the technology has well supported the development of ultra-shallow heavy oil reservoirs and has accumulated many construction records, such as the shallowest vertical depth, the largest vertical ratio, and the shortest drilling and completion period. The new production capacity of 50 thousand tons has strongly supported the benefit and production increase of Shengli exploration area in the Junggar Basin.
Azadirachta indica (AI) leaf extract coated ZnO-AI nanocore–shell particles for enhanced antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Sharma Bhumika , Upadhyaya Dipika , Deshmukh Pratik , Chakraborty Sourabrata , Sahu Khageswar , Satapathy Srinibas , Majumder Shovan Kumar
Published: January 2024

With the rise in microbial resistance to traditional antibiotics and disinfectants, there is a pressing need for the development of novel and effective antibacterial agents. Two major approaches being adopted worldwide to overcome antimicrobial resistance are the use of plant leaf extracts and metallic nanoparticles (NPs). However, there are no reports on the antibacterial potential of NPs coated with plant extracts, which may lead to novel ways of treating infections. This study presents an innovative approach to engineer antibacterial NPs by leveraging the inherent antibacterial properties of zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) in combination with Azadirachta indica (AI) leaf extract, resulting in enhanced antibacterial efficacy. ZnO NPs were synthesised by the precipitation method and subsequently coated with AI leaf extract to produce ZnO-AI nanocore–shell structures. The structural and morphological characteristics of the bare and leaf extract coated ZnO NPs were analysed by x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The presence of an AI leaf extract coating on ZnO NPs and subsequent formation of ZnO-AI nanocore–shell structures was verified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques. The antibacterial efficacy of both ZnO NPs and ZnO-AI nanocore–shell particles was evaluated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using a zone of inhibition assay. The results showed an NP concentration-dependent increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone, with ZnO-AI nanocore–shell particles exhibiting superior antibacterial properties, owing to the combined effect of ZnO NPs and the poly phenols present in AI leaf extract. These findings suggest that ZnO-AI nanocore–shell structures hold promise for the development of novel antibacterial creams and hydrogels for various biomedical applications.
Synthesis of Fe3O4 core/MIL-100(Fe) shell nanocomposites for tumor chemo-ferroptosis combination therapy and MR imaging
Authors: Jiang Antong , Wang Teng , Lu Xiaoling , Tian Yuxiang , Jiang Zihan , Xu Bin , Zhang Hanyuan , Fang Weijun
Published: January 2024

The application of both chemotherapy and ferrotherapy together has shown great potential in increasing the effectiveness of cancer treatment. To achieve such a combination, we herein have synthesized Fe3O4 core/MIL-100(Fe) shell nanocomposites (FM) that can be used for tumor chemo-ferroptosis combination therapy. In these nanocomposites, the anticancer drug 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) and iron ions could be co-delivered into tumors. On one hand, the released HCPT molecules can enter the cell nucleus and bind with DNA, resulting in induction of tumor cell apoptosis. On the other hand, the iron ions could react with H2O2 leading to the production of ROS through the Fenton reaction, thereby triggering tumor cell ferroptosis. Consequently, a superior antitumor effect was achieved through the combination of the apoptosis and ferroptosis. Additionally, the Fe3O4 core endowed FM with high performance for magnetic resonance imaging, which further provided novel avenues for imaging guidance therapy. Therefore, we anticipate that application of these nanocomposites could have great potential in the field of tumor therapy.
Interaction vs inhomogeneity in a periodic TASEP
Authors: Mina Beatrice , Paninforni Alex , Pelizzola Alessandro , Pretti Marco
Published: January 2024

We study the non-equilibrium steady states in a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with periodic boundary conditions, also incorporating (i) an extra (nearest-neighbour) repulsive interaction and (ii) hopping rates characterized by a smooth spatial inhomogeneity. We make use of a generalized mean-field approach (at the level of nearest-neighbour pair clusters), in combination with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. It turns out that the so-called shock phase can exhibit a lot of qualitatively different subphases, including multiple-shock phases, and a minimal-current shock phase. We argue that the resulting, considerably rich phase diagram should be relatively insensitive to minor details of either interaction or spatial inhomogeneity. As a consequence, we also expect that our results help elucidate the nature of shock subphases detected in previous studies.
Magnetic properties of Mn-doped InSb nanowires from first principles
Authors: Zhang Yong , Xie Zhong-Xiang , Deng Yuan-Xiang , Yu Xia , Zhang Li-Ke , Chen Shi-Zhang , Ning Feng
Published: January 2024

Room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) has been achieved in Mn-doped InSb nanowires (NWs) through experiment. However, the underlying cause of RTFM remains unclear. In this paper, using first-principles calculations, the distribution of Mn ions and magnetic properties of Mn-doped wurtzite and zinc blend InSb NWs have been investigated. Our results indicate that wurtzite (In,Mn)Sb NWs can exhibit superior ferromagnetic behavior compared to zinc blend (In,Mn)Sb NWs. The distribution of Mn ions and magnetic properties in the (In,Mn)Sb NWs is influenced by their size, surface passivation and crystal structure. Furthermore, the ferromagnetic coupling is short-range in passivated (In,Mn)Sb NWs, and as the size of the NW decreases, the Mn-3d level becomes a deep acceptor in the band gap, resulting in an enhancement of ferromagnetism.
London, 1984
Authors: Brooke Stephen
Published: January 2024

Margaret Thatcher remarked that there was ‘no alternative’ to her reforming agenda in the 1980s. But London in that decade put the lie to that remark: there was an alternative, one that lay in the city itself. London, 1984: Conflict and Change in the Radical City is a history of a city poised between two futures: one shaped by the neoliberalism of the Conservative government, one shaped by a resurgent social democracy out of County Hall in the form of a Labour Greater London Council and the efforts of many community organizations, groups, and individuals on the ground. The book explores that conflict through an exploration of one year—1984—and the stories of a series of moments, organizations, and artefacts. These include a protest on the Thames against the development of the Docklands, a raid on a gay bookshop, racial violence on an East End estate, efforts to make the city more equal for racial minorities, women, and gay and lesbian people, a major anti-apartheid demonstration, and tensions between the police and the Black community that led to an explosion of violence. London, 1984 is a focused account of a critical year in the history of a city.
Introduction
Authors: Brooke Stephen
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the book’s content and themes by examining how two rival political cultures came into conflict in 1980s London: Thatcherite neoliberalism and a new form of social democracy in the form of the Greater London Council. Both offered different visions of the city’s development. The chapter surveys the current literature on the 1980s, on Thatcherism, and on the politics of late twentieth-century London. It outlines the approach of the book, which concentrates on one particular year, 1984, as a way of exploring how political change in a variety of forms was experienced at different registers in the city.
Anti-Racist Year
Authors: Brooke Stephen
Published: January 2024

1984 was declared Anti-Racist Year by the GLC. This chapter explores the work that the GLC and community organizations did around questions of race and ethnicity in the 1980s, culminating in Anti-Racist Year, 1984. It examines not only the work of the GLC and its Ethnic Minorities Committee but also the work of community organizations at the grass-roots level. The chapter discusses the attempt to nurture popular support for anti-racist initiatives and explores how this initiative not only pushed forward the frontier of equality but also created an image of a multiracial London.
Capital City? People’s Armadas, Pop, and Planning
Authors: Brooke Stephen
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines three events in 1984—the People’s Armada, the ‘Jobs for a Change’ concert, and the purchase of the Coin Street site by a community organization. This is an exploration of alternatives to the neoliberal economic agenda of the Thatcherite government, which might be seen in the attempt to redevelop the Docklands. The chapter looks at different forms of community-based alternatives and protest, and reflects upon how popular culture, in particular popular music, was used to challenge the government on issues such as unemployment. It also considers how the GLC itself developed an alternative economic strategy that gave particular attention to questions of racial and gender equality.
A City for Women?
Authors: Brooke Stephen
Published: January 2024

This chapter tells two stories. The first is of the publication of Making Space in 1984 by the feminist design collective Matrix. That work highlighted the challenges faced by women in negotiating a hostile city. It offered, by contrast, a feminist view of the city, which could be seen in the way it designed buildings and worked with clients. The second story is about a larger feminist challenge to urban life pursued by the GLC Women’s Committee, the first major state group to tackled questions of gender equality. Both stories underline the problems of sexism and gender equality in the late twentieth-century city and foreground feminist attempts to make a city for women.
Westminster and Broadwater Farm
Authors: Brooke Stephen
Published: January 2024

At the end of 1984, parliament passed the Police and Criminal Evidence Act, which formalized controversial powers of stop-and-search for the Metropolitan Police. These powers had shaped everyday life for Black communities in London, sparking, for example, the 1981 Brixton disorders. This chapter looks at the policing of Black communities from two perspectives. On the one hand, it considers the history of stop-and-search as a police tactic. On the other, it looks at the impact of that policing on Black communities, focusing in particular upon the Broadwater Farm Estate in Tottenham. There were attempts by Black people on that estate to resist such policing. On a broader level, there were also calls to make the police more democratically accountable to communities in the 1980s. This chapter thus brings up fundamental and continuing questions about the relationship between policing and race.
Conclusion
Authors: Brooke Stephen
Published: January 2024

This chapter concludes the book by considering the existing traces of 1980s London in the present day. The chapter reviews the arguments of the book and explores the legacy of 1984 to contemporary London, mapping the continuities and disjunctures between the two periods. The considers the impact of neoliberalism and gentrification upon the city, placing recent events such as the 2017 Grenfell tragedy in a wider historical context. In particular, the chapter discusses the persistence of inequality and the problems of democratic accountability.