bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of heart failure in patients with end-stage kidney disease on maintenance dialysis: a practical guide
Authors: S. Joseph Megan , Palardy Maryse , M. Bhave Nicole
Published: April 2020

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and heart failure (HF) often coexist and must be managed simultaneously. Multidisciplinary collaboration between nephrology and cardiology is critical when treating patients with such complicated physiology. There is no “one-size-fits-all” approach to the evaluation of patients with new left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and diagnostic testing should be adapted to an individual’s risk factors. Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for systolic heart failure should be employed in these patients. While limited randomized data exist, observational data and post hoc analyses suggest that GDMT, including renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors, is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes and can be safely initiated at low doses with close monitoring of kidney function in this population. Volume status is typically managed through ultrafiltration, so close communication between cardiology and nephrology is necessary to achieve a patient’s optimal dry weight and mitigate intradialytic hypotension. Patient education and engagement regarding sodium and fluid restriction is crucial, and symptom burden should be reassessed following changes to the dialysis regimen.
Complete Entry and Re-entry Neutralization protocol in endovascular treatment of aortic dissection
Authors: Jędrzejczak Tomasz , Rynio Paweł , Samad Rabih , Rybicka Anita , Krajewska Agata , Gutowski Piotr , Kazimierczak Arkadiusz
Published: April 2020

There have been indisputable developments in techniques for stabilizing acute aortic syndromes. However, aneurysmal degeneration following aortic dissection remains a problem to be solved. The currently available treatment options for aortic dissection still fail to take into account the known risk factors for aneurysmal degeneration. This is why we introduced a new approach to treating patients with an aortic dissection, called Complete Entry and Re-entry Neutralization (CERN). This is our initial report on the promising interim results. Material and Methods: 68 patients qualified for endovascular treatment of an acute or chronic aortic dissection. Computed tomography was performed post-operatively to assess aortic remodeling after 1/6/12/24/36 months. Results: the 30-day mortality rate was 4.4%. In 29 cases (43%) unfavorable remodeling was noted in the follow-up. The most important factors leading to unfavorable remodeling were: uncovered re-entry tear including the infra-renal segment, no relining of dissection membranes and insufficient coverage of the descending aorta. We analyzed these factors to develop the CERN protocol. This concept consists of six basic rules: A. cover all entry tears, B. amplify the BMS radial force, C. use the STABILISE technique, D. consider using thrombus plugs, E. avoid stenting the visceral branches, F. spare the intercostal and lumbar side branches. CERN improves the rate of favorable remodeling from 25% to 85% (P = 0.0067). Conclusion: Introduction of the Complete Entry and Re-entry Neutralization protocol improves the rate of favorable remodeling following endovascular treatment of aortic dissection in mid-term follow-up in patients with diffused aortic dissection.
Endovascular and open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: A comparative analysis of western and chinese studies
Authors: Shi Feng , He Yuchen , Wang Shiyue , Jia Fuqiang , Ji Chao , Zhang Jian , Liu Xun , Han Yanshuo
Published: April 2020

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are life-threatening serious conditions that require effective and quick management. Although it is generally acknowledged that patients with AAA obtain the greatest benefit from endovascular repair (EVAR) compared to open surgical repair (OSR), there are few comparisons between the surgical approaches in Western versus Chinese patients. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of studies in which EVAR was compared with OSR in the management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. We searched the Western literature through PubMed, OVID and Web of Science from 1991 until December 2018 and the Chinese-language literature from 1998 until December 2018. We pooled the results in January 2019 based on standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed them using a conventional meta-analysis. Forty-five English papers with 31,074 AAA patients and twenty-one Chinese studies with 1,405 patients were included in this study. Chinese subjects were more likely to undergo endovascular repair than Western subjects (44.5% versus 41.5%, P = 0.012). The 30-day post-discharge mortality rate in Western studies was significantly lower for EVAR than for OSR (odds ratio (OR) = 0.481, P < 0.001). However, there was no significant reduction in the 30-day mortality rate following EVAR compared to OSR (OR = 0.733, P = 0.425) for Chinese patients. In Western patients, the postoperative complication rate of respiratory system and cardiac system was lower in the EVAR group than in the OSR group (OR = 0.270, P < 0.001 and OR = 0.411, P < 0.001, respectively), nevertheless, for Chinese patients, limb ischaemia was more common (OR = 1.539, P = 0.049) in the EVAR group. Whether in Western patients with an eight-year follow-up period or Chinese patients with a maximum four-year follow-up period, there was no significant difference between the EVAR and OSR groups in the all-cause death rate (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.026, P = 0.483 and HR = 1.173, P = 0.247, respectively). Chinese patients were more likely to receive EVAR than OSR and the 30-day mortality was significantly lower for EVAR than for OSR in Western patients but not in Chinese patients. Endovascular repair can be applied to Chinese patients with a reasonable safety margin. Further work is needed to explore the causes of these treatment differences.
Predictors of 30-day re-admissions in patients with infective endocarditis: a national population based cohort study
Authors: Agrawal Akanksha , Ul Hassan Virk Hafeez , Riaz Iqra , Jain Deepanshu , Tripathi Byomesh , Krittanawong Chayakrit , Bozorgnia Benham , Figueredo Vincent , A. McCullough Peter , Rangaswami Janani
Published: April 2020

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life threatening disease requiring lengthy hospitalizations, complex multidisciplinary management and high health care costs. In this study, we analyzed the National Readmissions’ Database (NRD) to identify infective endocarditis cases and the causative organisms, clinical determinants, length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day hospital readmission rates. The study cohort was derived from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Readmission Database between 2010-15. We queried the National Readmissions’ Database using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnostic code for infective endocarditis (421.0) and identified a total of 187,438 index admissions. SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) was utilized for statistical analyses. A total of 187,438 patients with a primary diagnosis of IE were identified over 6 years (2010-2015). Twenty-four percent (44,151 patients) were readmitted within 30 days. Most common etiologies for readmission included sepsis (14%), acute heart failure (8%), acute kidney injury (6%), intracardiac device infection (5.6%) and recurrence of IE (2.7%). Predictors of increased readmissions included female sex, staphylococcus aureus infection, diabetes, chronic lung disease, chronic liver disease, acute kidney injury, acute heart failure and anemia. In-hospital mortality for the readmission of IE was 13%, and average length of stay during the re-admission was 12 days. IE is associated with high rates of index admission mortality and for 30-day readmissions of which are associated with a substantial risk of death.
Decision-making biases in animals: A critical review
Authors: Watzek Julia , Brosnan Sarah
Published: April 2020

Humans make thousands of decisions every day, and in some situations, we make reliably bad ones. Much research has explored the circumstances in which such irrational decision-making occurs, but the underlying mechanisms are often unclear. One approach that has recently gained traction is to study other species’ responses to similar scenarios to better understand our own decision-making strategies. Here we provide a critical discussion of experimental studies of decision-making biases in animals. We begin by demonstrating how comparative research can yield unique insights into our own decision-making that cannot be gained from studying humans alone. In particular, while comparative research helps us better understand how and why decision-making biases have evolved and which mechanisms underlie them, such studies often overlook how these behaviors vary, both within and between individuals. Methodological concerns and a lack in the diversity of species studied and the number of animals tested complicate this issue and can limit the inferences we can draw. We emphasize the need to study why and when some animals would be expected to show these biases while others would not. Further, rather than just assess whether a given bias is present, comparative research should measure the extent to which it is. We argue that studying how susceptibility to biases varies both within and between individuals is crucial to better understanding the nature of irrational decision-making. We suggest practical steps that open up exciting avenues for future comparative research in this area.
HAL PENTING DALAM PROSES AUDIT LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Suganda Robi
Published: April 2020

AbstractAwal tahun, antara bulan Januari sampai Maret merupakan masa-masa pengauditan. Umumnya audit dilakukan terhadap laporan keuangan, berbagai catatan akuntansi dan bukti-bukti pendukung lainnya. Proses audit sendiri dilakukan oleh seorang auditor, yakni seorang independen memiliki kemampuan dan kompetensi untuk melakukan audit. Sayangnya, untuk melakukan audit tidaklah mudah. Proses audit membutuhkan banyak prosedur, biaya, tenaga, waktu, dan lainnya. Ya, seperti yang kita tahu untuk melakukan audit dibutuhkan waktu selama beberapa bulan. Biayanya pun cukup mahal terlebih jika perusahaan Anda merupakan perusahaan dengan skala yang besar. Selain itu proses audit juga memiliki prosedur-prosedur yang harus diikuti. Sebelum melakukan proses audit, ada baiknya Anda memahami tentang audit secara lebih dalam terlebih dahulu.Kata Kunci : Proses audit, Auditor, Seorang Independen.
Score-Based Measurement Invariance Checks for Bayesian Maximum-a-Posteriori Estimates in Item Response Theory
Authors: Debelak Rudolf , Pawel Samuel , Strobl Carolin , Merkle Edgar C.
Published: April 2020

A family of score-based tests has been proposed in the past years for assessing the invariance of model parameters in several models of item response theory. These tests were originally developed in a maximum likelihood framework. This study aims to extend the theoretical framework of these tests to Bayesian maximum-a-posteriori estimates and to multiple group IRT models. We propose two families of statistical tests, which are based on a) an approximation using a pooled variance method, or b) a simulation-based approach based on asymptotic results. The resulting tests were evaluated by a simulation study, which investigated their sensitivity against differential item functioning with respect to a categorical or continuous person covariate in the two- and three-parametric logistic models. Whereas the method based on pooled variance was found to be practically useful with maximum likelihood as well as maximum-a-posteriori estimates, the simulation-based approach was found to require large sample sizes to lead to satisfactory results.
The Diminishing Precision of Memory for Time
Authors: Scofield John E. , Johnson Jeffrey D
Published: April 2020

Knowing when an event took place can provide several benefits to episodic memory, such as distinguishing among multiple traces, learning sequences of events, and guiding a search strategy. As a tool for understanding memory, time is particularly appealing given its ever-changing quality, the constant possibility to associate it with encoded events, and the ease with which it can be targeted at retrieval. Whereas studies of episodic retrieval typically employ categorical and probabilistic measures of retrieval success, characterizing a continuous feature such as time warrants measures particularly sensitive to the fidelity, or precision, of retrieved information. Here, we adapt a paradigm for assessing the fine-grained precision of retrieval to understand the nature of judging the time at which a memory was encoded. Subjects studied a series of pictures and then undertook a test in which they placed each picture, as precisely as possible, along a continuous timeline representing the study list. Based on mixture-modeling analyses of the test response errors, the primary results were that temporal judgments were less accurate with passing time, and this change was due to diminished precision as opposed to an increased rate of guessing. Moreover, although we observed a negligible influence of guessing, subjects exhibited a clear effect of bias that favored recent responses. Together, in contrast to numerous studies of memory for other continuous features (e.g., color and location), our findings demonstrate a novel pattern of decision factors, suggesting that the retrieval of time might highlight distinct attributes of episodic memory.
Quimioterapia y Dermatitis en adultos. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Álava Cedeño María Susana Auxiliadora , Herrera Álava José Carlos , Montesdeoca Chancay Andrea Lissette , Junco Loor Bryan Steeven , Linzan Cedeño Ericka Johanna
Published: April 2020

Introducción: Las afecciones cutáneas post-quimioterapia, se deben principalmente a los componentes de los tratamientos para el cáncer, la mayor parte del tiempo estas afecciones son denominadas como efecto secundario a la terapia. La dermatitis, es una afección cutánea que se presenta por distintos factores ,el tratamiento utilizado en las dermatitis en pacientes post-quimioterapia, debe comprender varios mecanismos, debido a que esta es una dermatitis reaccional, sin embargo, los emolientes son el tratamiento de primera línea.

Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico de un paciente que padece dermatitis a consecuencia de quimioterapia.

Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, presentación de caso clínico sobre de dermatitis post quimioterapia.

Resultados: Se trata de un paciente femenino, que presenta afección en el cuero cabelludo, brazo y codo, lesiones múltiples, de aspecto escamosas, que demanda prurito y ardor, su diagnóstico fue realizado por dermatoscopia y examen físico dermatológico, se estableció un plan terapéutico de urea al 10% crema, Momed crema y Ketocon shampoo, actualmente se encuentra con control y seguimiento.

Conclusiones: La dermatitis post-quimioterapia, se presenta en el 95% de los pacientes con cáncer sometidos a quimioterapia, donde las manifestaciones cutáneas más comunes con la xerosis, eritema, prurito, escama, costra; la alopecia es efecto secundario que también afecta a la gran mayoría de pacientes. el tratamiento de elección en estos pacientes es urea al 10%, mometasona, y shampoo con ketoconazol.
Environmental Literacy Analysis of Junior High School Students in Pekanbaru
Authors: Indri Safitri Wulan , Suryawati Evi , Yustina Yustina
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the environmental literacy profile of junior high school students in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. This study used a survey method with sampling technique by cluster random sampling. The survey was conducted by performing a Test Question and a Middle School Environment Literacy Survey (MSELS) to 372 students. The parameters of this study consisted of  ecological knowledge, cognitive skills, attitudes and behavior. The data analysis technique was in the form of descriptive analysis using the average score of achievement of each parameter. The results of this study indicate that the environmental literacy of junior high school students in the  Pekanbaru obtained an average value of 61 (with range of 100). The achievement of environmental literacy parameters for ecological knowledge, cognitive skills, attitudes and behaviors amounted to 48, 29, 73 and 71, respectively. Environmental literacy of junior high school students in Pekanbaru is included in the medium category where knowledge and attitudes contribute to environmental literacy.
The Development of Math Learning Tools for Elementary Based on 2013 Curriculum in Coastal Area
Authors: D Zuhri , Maimunah Maimunah , Yuanita Putri
Published: April 2020

K13 has not been implemented optimally, one of them is caused by the inability to develop learning tools that apply the scientific approach. Student-environment contexts rich in learning resources can not be utilized by teachers. This condition encourages us to conduct a study in developing K13-based elementary school educational devices by utilizing coastal area contexts. Learning tools developed are lesson plans, learning media and teaching materials. The purpose of this study is to produce lesson plans, learning media and teaching materials that are scientifically designed coastal areas are valid so feasible to use. In the development of these learning tools, the researcher uses a 4-D framework model. The research data was collected using a validated questionnaire. Validation results indicate that: (1) the validity test of lesson plans are in a very valid category; (2) validity test of valid category media; and (3) the validity test of the teaching materials is in a very valid category.
VIII Kongres Patrystyczny w Oksfordzie
Authors: Małunowiczówna Leokadia
Published: April 2020

Sprawozdanie z VIII Międzynarodowego Kongresu Studiów Patrystycznych w Oksfordzie (3-8 września 1979).
X Międzynarodowy Kongres Archeologii Chrześcijańskiej w Tessalonikach
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: April 2020

Sprawozdanie z Kongresu Archeologii Chrześcijańskiej, który odbył sie w Tessalonikach w dn. 28.9-4.10.1980.
Pembelajaran Pemecahan Masalah dengan Media Interaktif Model Tutorial untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas X Multimedia 3 SMKN 2 Garut Pokok Bahasan Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018
Authors: Kurnia Asep
Published: April 2020

Abstrak - Penggunaan media dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika pada siswa SMK. Salah satu media tersebut adalah media interaktif model tutorial. Dengan media ini siswa lebih bersemangat dalam belajarnya, karena mereka dapat langsung mencari pemecahan masalah matematika yang diberikan oleh gurunya secara interaktif melalui komputer. Hanya dalam pelaksanaannya di kelas, harus dilengkapi dengan sarana yang cukup agar berjalan dengan baik. Kata kunci – Media Interaktif, Model Tutorial, Hasil belajar, Matematika
Vargas e Goulart:
Authors: Fonseca Pedro Cezar Dutra , Salomão Ivan Colangelo
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem por objeto a economia e as controvérsias sobre a política econômica do segundo governo Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954) e do governo João Goulart (1961-1964), bem como seus respectivos significados históricos. Apesar das diferenças conjunturais quando da posse de Goulart na Presidência da República, sabe-se que ela não diferia em grandes traços do contexto econômico em que Vargas reassumiu o governo, em 1951: inflação crescente e tendência de desaceleração das taxas de crescimento do Produto Interno  Bruto (PIB), às quais se somaram, ao longo do mandato, ao agravamento da situação das contas externas, com déficit no balanço de pagamentos e dificuldades para atração de capitais externos. Guardadas as diferenças, ambos os governos tiveram desfechos trágicos, com consequências políticas e sociais negativas. Partindo das diferentes interpretações acerca da política econômica ao longo desses períodos, refuta-se, assim, a hipótese de que tanto Vargas quanto Goulart se enquadrem no conceito de populismo econômico consagrado pela literatura.
Del totalitarismo al populismo:
Authors: Boisard Stéphane
Published: April 2020

Este artículo examina el concepto de “populismo” a la luz del discurso de sus oponentes neoliberales. Se cuestiona el alcance heurístico del término, que su uso político actual ha ido desvalorizando, tanto en los debates profanos como en los científicos. Partiendo de la teoría de Quentin Skinner, se propone una lectura política del concepto y se postula que su uso (y el contenido por ende que se le da) nos enseña tanto (o más) sobre la persona, el movimiento o el partido que lo usa que sobre el partido o la persona que designa. El discurso antipopulista es a la vez un rechazo del pueblo/etnos (el nacionalismo como esencia del populismo), una negación del pueblo/démos (el populismo como patología de la democracia porque establece la tiranía de la mayoría en contra de la élite), una acusación al pueblo/pléthos (la masa frágil manipulada por un líder e intelectuales) y una crítica a la “estadolatría” de los populistas opuestos al liberalismo económico en nombre de un igualitarismo obsesivo. Se concluye que el “populismo” es un “kampfbegrief” (un “concepto de combate”), como lo fue otrora el totalitarismo y puede entenderse como una continuación del anticomunismo de la Guerra Fría.
APPLICATION OF THE MODELING METHOD IN THE RESEARCH PRACTICE OF FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Rohalin S.
Published: April 2020

When researching objects, in some cases there are certain difficulties when obtaining a categorical opinion on an expert task is not always possible. One of the problems that hinders the intention of a forensic expert in ensuring the completeness of the study is the inability to directly study the object of study. The solution of the theoretical and practical aspects of this problem is very important, but so far this problem has been solved on an applied plane, that is, in different types of studies in the relevant types of forensic examinations, special research methods have been developed based on certain developments that, in one or another degrees apply the modeling method.
The purpose of the article is to systematize the theoretical foundations of applying the method of scientific modeling I n forensic research, determining the requirements for building models in forensic research and creating a modeling method in forensic examination by stages of research.
The article examines the historical formation of the modeling method, describes the content, terminology and essence of the modeling method as an effective general scientific tool for cognition. The main feature of modeling is fixed as a method of indirect cognition of objects of research through substitute objects, when the model serves as a cognitive tool that the researcher puts between himself and the object, and with the help of which he studies the object of interest to him. The classification of the types of models is presented. Cases have been outlined where modeling when carrying out research in forensic science is desirable, and cases are presented separately when applying scientific modeling when conducting research in forensic science is the only possible method for obtaining a definitive conclusion. The general scientific theoretical foundations of applying the similarity criteria and similarity theorems in modeling when carrying out research in forensic science are systematized, the requirements for building models are identified, and similarity signs are formulated in forensic expert research.
A method for applying modeling at different stages of conducting research in forensics has been developed.
THE ROLE OF THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AT CRIMINALISTIC INVESTIGATION OF OIL PRODUCTS BASED INFLAMMATORY MIXTURES
Authors: Rudniev V. , Bui O. , Klimchuk A.
Published: April 2020

The appearance and quality of the material evidence that comes to the study, often also not conducive to the use of complex methods of analysis. There are no separate techniques for forensic investigation of incendiary mixtures, and existing approaches to the study of petroleum products and fuels and lubricants do not allow the tasks set before the experts to be fully addressed.
To determine the applicability of the thin layer chromatography method and to interpret its results for the examination of incendiary mixtures, forensic modeling of incendiary incendiary incendiary mixtures was conducted. The study revealed the possibilities and limitations of thin layer chromatography in the analysis of complex compositions, including those containing polymeric thickeners. The results were interpreted for use in forensic practice. The study was performed by TLC in an octane solvent system: benzene with the detection of colored zones in UV rays, with the manifestation of iodine vapors and the processing of chromatograms of 2% formaldehyde in sulfuric acid. The results of thin-layer chromatography characterize the main constituent components and can be used in the primary study of petroleum- based ignition mixtures in expert practice. The use of UV detection of colored zones on a chromatographic plate allows to assess in more detail the nature and composition of the mixture under study, including to identify distillate and residual oil products.
Thin-layer chromatography can be recommended as a mandatory method of investigation for the ignition mixtures, which precedes the use of more complex Physics and Chemistry spectral and chromatographic approaches.
PECULIARITIES OF CONDUCTING FORENSIC RESEARCH ON PASSENGER SRS VEHICLE SYSTEM TO ESTABLISH THE REASON NOT CAUSE THE FRONT BUCKLES
Authors: Varlahov V. , Lubentsov A.
Published: April 2020

Issues that arise from experts during the performance of court automotive expert assessments (expert researches) of technical condition of automobiles are considered, namely: SRS passive safety systems. The sequence of carrying out elemental research of the passive safety system of the SRS of cars on establishing the reasons for failure of the front (front) airbag of the passenger during a traffic accident is presented. The urgency of this paper is due, on the one hand, to the mass installation of airbags on cars of different brands, which are intended to protect the driver and passengers of vehicles from injuries during a collision, and on the other hand, frequent cases of not triggering airbags in the collision, associated as both for technical and operational reasons, resulting in serious injuries to the driver and passengers in the event of a collision. The increase in the level of constructive safety of the car, above all, is ensured by strengthening the requirements for the development, installation of structural elements and systems that provide protection of life and health of road users. Given the diversity of sources of risk factors for road accidents, constructive safety is divided into active, passive and after emergency. The examination of the technical condition of the SRS passive safety system is essentially a study of the vehicle electrical system requiring safety measures, since damage to the insulation of wires, shorting of individual circuits of electrical wires, and the introduction of extraneous current to the connectors can lead to the deployment of airbags during research.
THREAT OF DEATH OR THE OCCURRENCE OF OTHER SEVERE CONSEQUENCES AT PRODUCTION: A PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION, FORENSIC SCIENCE
Authors: Krupka А. , Kraliuk М. , Kostenko V.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the development of forensic engineering in the field of labor protection while investigation of crimes against the industrial safety. Based on the analysis of specific forensic examinations and ordering of scientific literature proposes the creation of a unified methodological approach to problem solving forensic expertise with a real threat of death or the occurrence of other severe consequences in production to establish the causes and consequences of emergencies, cause-effect relationships in the system of “action / in action of a person - emergency”.
Under the "real threat of death or the occurrence of other severe consequences, "it is necessary to understand such changes in the state of production objects as a result of which there is a real danger to the life or health of people or hurting a variety of benefits.
Creation of the threat of death or other severe consequences must be real, indicative of the occurrence of a particular production process or as a result of such a dangerous state (threats), may occur when the consequences prescribed by law. Not occurrence of the consequences can be associated either with the timely suppression of the violation, or with a “stroke of luck”.
Other serious consequences are grievous bodily harm to one or more persons, moderately bodily harms two or more persons, significant material damage to citizens and companies.
While resolving examination issues, the following should be indicated: what is the real threat of death or the occurrence of other severe consequences; who and what deflections from the regulatory and legal acts on labor protection allowed in this production situation; who of the persons involved in the event had the technical ability to prevent the creation of a real threat of death or other severe consequences, what actions to do so they had to carry out and what their actions (inaction) from a technical point of view is in direct causation connection with the emergence of these hazardous working conditions.
ISSUE OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF VICTIMS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN MODERN SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Mikheieva H. , Mikheieva M.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of forensic psychological evaluation of victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence has become one of the most urgent social problems of the modern Ukrainian family. It is emphasized that analysis of modern domestic expert practice testifies absence of the appropriate expert methodology developed and approved by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine for performing psychological examination in the criminal implementations stipulated by article 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
The purpose of the article is to determine the outcomes of forensic expert activity in the context of the problem of forensic psychological evaluation of of domestic violence victims.
The necessity of optimization of methodical provision of expert activity concerning victims of domestic violence based on: determining domestic violence as a phenomenon with complex pluricausal nature; isolating the concepts of “quarrel”, “conflict”, “violence”; differentiating the types of domestic violence; understanding the immediate and remote consequences of domestic violence; analyzing individual- psychological characteristics of violence victims. The initial positions of the expert’s work on the forensic psychological examination of victims of domestic violence based on the principles that in general determine the construction of a psychodiagnostic research are substantiated: methodical restriction; mutual verification and comparison of the results; necessity-sufficiency; interconnection of the capabilities of the diagnostic toolkit and the depth of sensing of psychic reality. It is noted that the considered problem is at the initial stage of theoretical research and practical implementation in modern expert activity.
The identified starting positions of expert activity in the context of the problem of forensic psychological examination of victims of domestic violence can be the basis for substantiating and implementing the relevant expert technique.
SOME ISSUES OF DETERMINING THE CATEGORY ON TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD OF OBJECTS CATEGORY OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF COMPLEX FORENSIC FIRE ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Huseinov R. , Panchuk Y. , Ryabinin I.
Published: April 2020

The aim of this work is to analyze the sources and factors of danger, their structure and the nature of functioning, which under certain circumstances can initiate or cause the threat of emergency situations, as well as the study of the main stages in determining the compliance with the category of industrial hazard of business objects.
The relevance of the work is due to the fact that on the territory of Ukraine there is a significant number of objects on which hazardous chemical and biological substances, as well as other hazardous sources and hazard factors, are used in carrying out economic activities in technological processes. Such objects are located mainly in areas with a high concentration of the population, which in turn sharply increases the level of threat to human life and health, worsen the state of the environment and, in the event of accidents or catastrophes, can lead to large material losses.
One of the tasks in conducting complex forensic examinations and expert studies is to establish the belonging of a business entity to a certain category of technological safety. For this, it is necessary to analyze their structure and the nature of their functioning in order to establish the fact of the presence or absence of sources of danger, which under certain circumstances can initiate or cause a real threat of emergency situations.
In this paper, we consider an algorithm for solving problems of establishing the availability of sources and hazards, determining their ability to initiate an emergency, and further determining the category of industrial hazard to which economic activity belongs.
The classification of emergencies by the nature of origin, the extent of distribution, the size of human losses, and material losses is determined. The state, regional, local, object levels of emergency are considered.
The main stages are given in determining the compliance with the category of industrial hazard of economic activity objects, which will allow systematizing the research process when performing complex fire engineering, engineering environmental examinations.
FEATURES OF TACTICAL DECISION-MAKING DURING THE INVESTIGATION OF SPECIFIC TYPES OF MURDERS
Authors: Borysenko I. , Bululukov O.
Published: April 2020

The main provisions of the methods for investigating murders related to the dismemberment of a corpse and the methods for investigating murders without a corpse in the context of tactical decision-making in order to disclose and investigate these crimes are considered.
The purpose of the article is to determine the features of tactical decision-making in the investigation of pointed murders. While considering the main provisions of the subject of the article, analysis and synthesis methods are used.
The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of tactical decision-making at the initial stage of the investigation of these murders. It is indicated that the tactical decision-making is due to factors related to the initial situation of the investigation which require the investigator to take an individual approach to using the available information about the crime. These factors are: 1) the presence of close ties between the victim and the offender; 2) the existence of an application for the disappearance of the victim; 3) a typical explanation for the disappearance of a person; 4) lack of data regarding the place of the murder; 5) lack of data regarding traces of the murder; 6) lack of data regarding the motive for the murder; 7) the absence of a corpse (parts of the corpse) at the initial stage of the investigation.
In the methods of investigating murders related to the dismemberment of a corpse, the features of tactical decision-making are influenced by the investigative situation that developed at the initial stage of the investigation. The article discusses four typical investigative situations. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of the tactical decision-making when planning an investigation, in particular, on the suggesting of investigative versions and their checking. Typical versions of the crime event put forward during the investigation of the murder are called.
In the methods of investigating murders without a corpse, the features of the tactical decision-making are manifested when conducting separate investigative (search) actions. The absence of a corpse at the initial stage of the investigation leads to significant mental activity, which is aimed at finding traces of the murder, the whereabouts of the corpse and identifying the suspect. Features of the tactical decision-making are shown in such investigative (search) actions as interrogation of persons close to the victim, inspection and search of the place of residence of the victim and his relatives. The negative circumstances that occur in the investigation and can be used in making tactical decisions to expose the suspect are named.
ON THE ISSUE OF INTRODUCING THE CONCEPT OF SPECIALISTCONCLUSION TO CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION
Authors: Simakova-Yefremian E.
Published: April 2020

The issue of introducing the concept of «specialist conclusion» into the criminal procedure of Ukraine is investigated. The argument about inappropriateness of introducing this concept into the criminal process is given on the basis of the specialized literature analysis and the relevant norms of the legislation, since the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukrainedoes not contain either its interpretation, its content, nor its rules of procedure, but only indicates that specialist conclusion should meet the requirements to expert conclusion. It calls into question the need to introduce into the criminal process a source of evidence such as the «specialist conclusion», since it is essentially no different from the expert conclusion, since the same requirements are imposed on him by the legislature only with regard to establishing facts and circumstances of a criminal offense and not a crime.
By nature, performed research with the use of specificexpertisefor establishing the facts and circumstances of a criminal offense will be no different from a study conducted with the use specific expertise to establish the facts and circumstances of a crime, since the technique will be used the same and the document will be drawn up in the same way. However, in view of the need for a simplified procedure for pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, the legislator introduces another name for the document which is drawn up as a result of such research. The question is: why not get an expert right away? Indeed, clear requirements and procedures for its implementation are established for expert conclusion in contrast to the specialist conclusion. Taking into account the need to simplify the procedures for pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, the appropriate time limits can be established in the procedural law and by-laws.
The relevant conclusions are made and specific proposals are given on introducing amendments to the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine.
THEORETICAL BASES OF EXPERT PREVENTION: CONCEPT AND TASKS
Authors: Filipenko N. , Uhrovetskyi O. , Sharapova O.
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes conceptual foundations, views and ideas concerning the essence of expert prevention. The relationship between the concepts of «prevention» and «prevention», which is in contact with each other, is investigated, because one of the main problems of the criminal investigation of the phenomenon of expert prevention is the ambiguity of both scientific understanding and the practical application of the corresponding conceptual-categorical apparatus. It is emphasized that the essence of expert prevention is the influence of the relevant subjects on crime through the use of special professional knowledge. That is, to the subject of forensic examination, should include studies of circumstances on the basis of which can be and should be developed scientific, organizational and technical measures of preventive nature. Proven that among the tasks of preventive nature, which can be solved by the staff of judicial-expert institutions, the development of aimed at forecasting in criminalistic aspects of circumstances contributing to the commission of crimes, taking into account the possibilities of certain types of expert research, should occupy an important place.
It is proved that the preventive activities of forensic institutions of Ukraine should be carried out: in the production of examinations in specific criminal, administrative or civil cases; by summarizing expert, as well as forensic investigative practices; in the process of research on expert prevention; by providing on the basis of special knowledge of scientific and practical assistance to government agencies and public organizations in identifying circumstances conducive to the commission of crimes.
In order to improve the quality of expert-preventive activities, the staff of the forensic institutions of Ukraine should pay maximum attention to the promotion of preventive activities among representatives of law enforcement and law enforcement agencies.
On the basis of the analysis, the author’s definition of expert prevention is given: the activity of a forensic expert based on the laws and by-laws of normative legal acts, aimed at revealing the circumstances contributing to the commission of a crime, and the development of measures for their elimination with the use of special knowledge.
CONCERNING THE ISSUE OF INTERLABORATORY COMPARISONS DURING FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITY
Authors: Onoprienko S. , Naranovych O. , Spasenko I.
Published: April 2020

Тhe basis for increasing the efficiency of forensic expertise is the creation of scientifically-based expert methods, the improvement of the system of training of experts and their qualification, as well as effective management. In this regard, it is important to create a well-established system that allows for maintaining a research competence at an appropriate level. In connection with the continuous improvement of the regulatory framework, the requirement for laboratories providing services in the field of testing is increasing. The urgency of the topic is the transition of laboratories to the new version of ISO / IEC 17025-2017 «General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories». The article deals with the procedure of implementation by the accreditation body of the experimental verification of the technical competence of the laboratory in the form of interlaboratory comparative tests.
 The purpose of the article is to develop approaches to organizing and conducting interlaboratory comparisons in forensic expert activities.
 On the basis of the work, the main principles of conducting interlaboratory comparisons during judicial expert work were developed.
The necessity of conducting interlaboratory comparisons is proved to be determined by the application in Ukraine of the European approach to ensuring trust in the results of the conducted examinations.
It is noted that during organization of such comparisons it is necessary to develop organizational measures, for example, related to the manufacture and transportation of samples (objects of research), including dangerous ones, such as samples of narcotic substances, weapons, ammunition, explosive devices, etc.
LOCATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE LEGAL RULES IN LEGAL REGULATION OF HUMAN PROVISION OF COURT AND EXPERT OFFICES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Gasparian S.
Published: April 2020

Proper selection and placement directly affect the effectiveness of forensic activities and are impossible without taking into account all factors related to their staffing, in particular, the administrative and legal framework of staffing.
The key role in the process of forensics is played by state specialized institutions and expert services, which are required by law to carry out forensic activities. Legal regulation of staffing of judicial and expert institutions is carried out in accordance with the norms of international and European law, the Constitution of Ukraine, the codes of Ukraine, laws and by-laws.
The administrative and legal principles of training of qualified personnel for carrying out forensic expert activity are analysed. It is noted that the Law of Ukraine «On Forensic Expertise» regulates the training of specialists for state specialized institutions conducting judicial examinations, is carried out by higher education institutions; specialization and advanced training are conducted at courses and special institutions of relevant ministries and other central executive bodies. The peculiarities of the training of forensic experts in the systems of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine are considered. Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.
In addition to those conducted exclusively by state specialized institutions (namely, forensic, forensic and forensic psychiatrists), forensic examinations may also be involved in the forensic examinations, which are not employees of these institutions, and the conditions under which they may exercise such activity
The place of administrative and legal norms in the legal regulation of CSCE staffing is characterized and it is noted that not only the progress but also the results of the reforms taking place in Ukraine depend on the proper selection and placement of the CSCE professional staff. It is stated that it is expedient to divide the above normative legal acts, which comprehensively regulate the staffing of judicial and expert institutions of Ukraine, by the scope of action (general, special).
USING THE METHOD OF STEGANOGRAPHIC NOISE ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY SIGNS OF DIGITAL PHOTO EDITING
Authors: Chorniy S. , Brendel O. , Roman A.
Published: April 2020

In today’s world, digital technology has almost replaced analog, and in the materials of pre-trial and judicial proceedings used physical evidence in the form of electronic documents or their images, photographs, videos, scanned copies, having a digital nature of education. To date, the question of determining the authenticity and research installation of digital image pressing issues fototechnika examination.
The main purpose of the study using the method of steganographic analysis of image noise is to determine the authenticity of digital photos, identify signs of changes in the «content» of such images.
The possibilities of digital image research methods using the method of steganographic noise analysis to identify signs of editing digital photos (images) to improve the efficiency, quality and evidential significance of photographic examinations are considered. The proposed new methodical approach in solving problems for the study of the installation of digital images, or when establishing their veracity (authenticity).
Developed under the methodology of the study of signs installation of digital images based on the analysis of entropy noise software allows you to conduct research to identify signs of installation on the basis of the analysis of entropy noise digital images by maximization of complex criterion that takes into account the entropy and the variance of the image. It can be used both on local computers, and with use of the powerful server equipment in the mode of remote access through the web interface, including, with use of low-power mobile terminals of the user (smartphones, tablets and so forth) that will considerably facilitate work of experts on research of installation of digital images or at establishment of their reliability (authenticity).