bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Morpho-agronomic performances of bird pepper (Capsicum annuum) lines under varying agro-ecological locations in Indonesia
Authors: SYUKUR MUHAMAD , SAHID ZULFIKAR DAMARALAM , SOBIR SOBIR , MAHARIJAYA AWANG , RITONGA ARYA WIDURA , SULASSIH SULASSIH , ISTIQLAL MUHAMMAD RIDHA ALFARABI , HAKIM ABDUL , PANGESTU ARYA YUDA , UNDANG UNDANG , YUDILASTARI TIARA , ARANDITO DWIKA SYATTWA , ASHAR SYAFIK , HASANAH AGHNIYA’UL , AGUSTINA KARLIN , PURWANTO RULI JOKO , KARYANI KARYANI , MUSTAFA MARLINA , SYAHRI YOLANDA FITRIA , RAMLASARI CITRA
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Syukur M, Sahid ZD, Sobir, Maharijaya A, Ritonga AW, Sulassih, Istiqlal MRA, Hakim A, Pangestu AY, Undang, Yudilastari T, Arandito DS, Ashar S, Hasanah A, Agustina K, Purwanto RJ, Karyani, Mustafa M, Syahri YF, Ramlasari C. 2022. Short Communication: Morpho-agronomic performances of bird pepper (Capsicum annuum) lines under varying agro-ecological locations in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4838-4843. Bird pepper price fluctuations are caused by an imbalance between production and market demand. One effective way to overcome this is to increase the productivity of bird pepper. Genetics and the growing environment of bird pepper greatly affect the productivity produced. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the character of yield and yield components of four genotypes of bird pepper at three lowland locations. Planting was carried out at three locations representing Indonesia's bird pepper growing environment. The planting procedure in all sites was carried out according to the same guidelines. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. Twenty (20) plants per genotype were planted in each replicate, with 10 plants taken as samples. Shiara IPB had the highest productivity in all environments compared to the other line. The main characteristics that distinguish this variety had a purplish color on the fruit petals when young, and the fruit color was greenish-yellow. Hierarchical cluster analysis results showed that Shiara IPB in almost all observation variables based on legend color was superior. The highest productivity was found in Palembang, followed by Bogor and Kolaka.
Diversity of the Tabuhan Island coral reef fish revealed by DNA barcoding and implication on conservation strategy in Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Authors: SEKTIANA SINAR PAGI , ABDILLAH ANNUR AHADI , ALAM MD. JOBAIDUL , ISRONI WAHYU , DEWI NINA NURMALIA , KIM HYUN WOO , ANDRIYONO SAPTO
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Sektiana SP, Abdillah AA, Alam JM, Isroni W, Dewi NM, Kim HW, Androyono S. 2022. Diversity of the Tabuhan Island coral reef fish revealed by DNA barcoding and implication on conservation strategy in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4844-4851. Tabuhan Island, Banyuwangi, Indonesia, is one of the mainstays of coastal tourism with the charm of coral reefs and has a fairly high potential for reef fish diversity. Coral reef ecosystems provide suitable habitats for reef fish to spawning ground, feeding ground, and nursery ground which provide suitable nurturing areas. Here, studies have been carried out on the diversity of reef fish by molecular approaches. The molecular identification approach provides accuracy in identification to the species level. In this study, samples of reef fish species from Tabuhan Island waters were identified molecularly in the mitochondrial DNA region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). The identification results showed that 53 specimens had been identified, and some of the themes were registered in the GenBank database to strengthen the genetic information of reef fish in the tropical region of Indonesia. A total of 53 specimens were identified, spread over 49 species, 3 orders, and 17 families dominated by reef fish groups from Labridae (20 species). The phylogenetic tree reconstruction shows that the family collects several species, but some species are classified as paraphyletic. The results of this molecular identification have also succeeded in registering 35 COI sequences in the Genbank database. The mtDNA sequence data is very important and becomes the basis for the genetic conservation resources in coral reef ecosystems.
Effects of plot size on assessment of tree species diversity in Caspian forests of Iran
Authors: MIRZAZADEH AMER , POURBABAEI HASSAN , DARYAEI MEHRDAD GHODSKHAH , BONYAD AMIRESLAM
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Mirzazadeh A, Pourbabaei H, Daryaei MG, Bonyad A. 2022. Effects of plot size on assessment of tree species diversity in Caspian forests of Iran. Biodiversitas 23: 4879-4886. Tree species diversity is important to forest managers because any management that reduces tree species diversity may greatly reduce commercial benefits. Therefore, control over tree species diversity is an important aspect of hardwood forest management. An efficient and quick survey method is needed to facilitate the assessment of tree species diversity in forest stands. In this study, the effects of plot size on the assessment of tree species diversity were compared in the uneven-aged hardwood stands in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. There were selected 50 hectares of these forests representing the regional forests. Sampling procedures were carried out on concentric lozenge plots with different sizes, including 400, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2500, and 5000 m2 in the dimensions of 150×150m. For each plot, the type of the species and the number of trees were recorded. Shannon-Wiener (H’), Simpson (1-D), Mc-Arthur (N1), Hill (N2), Camargo (E'), Simpson (E1/D), Nee (EQ), Smith-Wilson (Evar), Menhinick (R2), Margalef (R1) indices were used to estimate of tree species biodiversity. The precision and cost criteria (E%2× T) were applied for a better evaluation of different plot sizes. The obtained inventory error values showed that Hill (diversity), Camargo (evenness) and Menhinick (richness) indices had the lowest inventory error in the different plot sizes. Also, the lowest value of inventory error in diversity, evenness and richness indices were related to plot sizes of 2500, 5000, and 5000 m2, respectively. Based on the obtained results of diversity and evenness indices, there was a significant difference between the different plot sizes and different indices. The results showed that the lowest value of E%2×T for diversity, evenness and richness was related to Hill (800 m2), Camargo (1000 m2), and Menhinick (400 m2). The finding results revealed that plot size had a significant effect on tree species’ evenness.
Floristic composition, structure, and diversity of mangroves in the coastal areas of Mabini, Davao de Oro, Philippines
Authors: MANUAL ALEXA MAE B. , GABATO NEIL ALDEN S. , JETUYA QUEZZEY B. , ALIMBON JEMER A.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Manual AMB, Gabato NAS, Jetuya QB, Alimbon JA. 2022. Floristic composition, structure, and diversity of mangroves in the coastal areas of Mabini, Davao de Oro, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 4887-4893. Biodiversity and stand structure assessments of mangrove communities are important for their management and conservation. However, this aspect of mangrove ecology in the Davao Gulf is not yet fully explored, particularly in the coastal areas of Mabini, Davao de Oro, Philippines, despite being proclaimed as a protected area. Hence, this study assessed the species composition, structure and diversity of mangroves in the coastal areas of Mabini, Davao de Oro, Philippines. Using the belt transect method, 35 plots with 10 m x 10 m each were established and surveyed. Results revealed that the area is home to eight species belonging to six genera and five families. One vulnerable species, Avicennia rumphiana, was recorded on the study site. Of the identified species, Rhizophora apiculata was the most important species, with an importance value index of 144.41 %. Meanwhile, the surveyed mangrove communities had a mean diameter at breast height of 10.96 cm, a basal area of 27.93 m² ha?¹, and a mean density of 4192 stems ha?¹. Diversity analysis indicated that the sampled sites had low species biodiversity (H’ = 1.098), low species richness (R = 0.9601), and less even species distribution (J = 0.5280). These results add to the existing knowledge about mangrove communities in Davao Gulf. More importantly, they serve as important baseline information relevant to the management, protection, and conservation of mangroves within the Mabini Protected Landscape and Seascape.
Isolation and screening of entomopathogenic fungi against the grasshopper Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from rice fields in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Authors: CUONG LE CANH VIET , SOUVANNALATH BAKEO , HA TRAN PHUONG , LIEN LE QUYNH , TAM VU THI THANH , HOAI PHAM THI THUY , ANH HOANG LE TUAN , DAT TON THAT HUU
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Cuong LCV, Souvannalath B, Ha TP, Lien LQ, Tam VTT, Hoai PTT, Anh HLT, Dat TTH. 2022. Isolation and screening of entomopathogenic fungi against the grasshopper Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from rice fields in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 4906-4911. The grasshopper Oxya chinensis is one of the most abundant herbivorous insects of rice plants in Vietnam and causes severe damage to the crop. Therefore, biological control has become a particularly valuable method for grasshopper and insect control in agricultural production. The aim of the present study was to isolate and investigate the potential entomopathogenic fungi against the grasshopper O. chinensis from rice fields in Thua Thien Hue, to develop environmentally friendly bio-insecticides. The results showed that 37 fungal isolates were isolated from dead grasshoppers collected from rice fields in Thua Thien Hue province. Results of pathogenicity screening of 12 selected fungal isolates showed that the mortality rate of 4th-instar grasshopper nymphs O. chinensis ranged from 21.99% to 100% after 15 treatment days at a concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/ml. Of these, three fungal isolates, namely NL3, NL4, NL12 showed the highest pathogenicity against the grasshopper O. chinensis with mortality rates of 87.73%, 89.81%, and 100%, respectively after 15 days. LC50 values of NL3, NL4, NL12 isolates against 4th-instar nymphs and adults of O. chinensis ranged from 9.5×104 to 4.8×105 conidia/mL and 7.8 × 106 to 2.5 × 106 conidia/mL, respectively at 7 days. LT50 values of NL3, NL4, NL12 isolates against 4th-instar nymphs and adults of O. chinensis were from 4.1 to 4.9 days and 5.5 to 6.1 days, respectively at a concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/mL. Results from morphological identification and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence showed that three potential entomopathogenic fungi were Aspergillus tamarii, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae. The pathogenicity of Aspergillus tamarii, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae against the grasshopper O. chinensis is reported for the first time. The present investigation revealed that these entomopathogenic fungi could be a useful source for developing environment-friendly bio-insecticides for sustainable agricultural production.
Biological activity of some phenolic compounds extracted from Agrimonia eupatoria against several pathogenic bacteria species
Authors: MOHAMMED MOHAMMED ARAFAT , ALI JASSIM FATEHI , SAEED YOUNIS SAADI , YASEEN IBRAHIM HASSAN , AHMAD BUSHRA HABEEB
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Mohammed MA, Ali JF, Saeed YS, Yaseen IH, Ahmad BH. 2022. Biological activity of some phenolic compounds extracted from Agrimonia eupatoria against several pathogenic bacteria species. Biodiversitas 23: 4912-4917. Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Rosaceae) has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to overcome infectious diseases. This study was carried out to isolate, characterize, and determine the antibacterial activity of natural compounds obtained from A. eupatoria aerial parts. Three solvents were used in the extraction process. First, hexane was used for defatting plant samples. Then ethyl acetate and ethanol were used to obtain the fraction containing phenolic compounds and their antibacterial activity against several bacteria. The current study identifies several phenolic compounds isolated from A. eupatoria, including gallic acid, salicylic acid, cinnamic acids, and resorcinol, using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the disc diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of several phenolic compounds against four bacterial isolates, i.e., Corynebacterium diphtheria, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhymurium, and Enterococcus faecalis. The results indicated that the plant compounds had an antibacterial activity proportional to the concentration. The B. cereus was the most sensitive to the compound isolated from A. eupatoria, followed by C. diphtheria, whereas S. typhimurium exhibited the most insensitive.
Mangrove zonation, community structure and healthiness in Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: DHARMAWAN I WAYAN EKA , RENYAAN JEVERSON , NURDIANSAH DONI
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Dharmawan IWE, Renyaan J, Nurdiansah D. 2022. Mangrove zonation, community structure and healthiness in Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4918-4927. Forest structure and quality were studied in an archipelagic site in Indonesia which consists of estuarine and oceanic mangrove habitats. This study aimed to determine mangrove structure and estimate the spatial distribution of forest healthiness along the zones dominated by different genera. Forest zones were investigated using the Random Forest method utilizing a cloud-free Harmonized Sentinel-2A-Surface Reflectance image. Community structure measurement followed a stratified purposive sampling design along forest zonation. A spatial-based mangrove health index (MHI) model was applied to analyze forest healthiness distribution in each zone. Mangrove area was clearly classified into six genera-dominated zones such as Sonneratia, Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Xylocarpus and Lumnitzera from seaward to landward. The Rhizophora zone had the most extensive area proportion at approximately 68% of the total mangrove area. This study revealed that S. alba species dominated in the outmost zone at about 200% of IVI, while X. granatum and C. tagal were calculated in a larger IVI value in the more landward area. On the other hand, R. stylosa had a majority species composition in Rhizophora forest. According to spatial analysis of MHI, most zones had a majority area of excellent condition, emphasizing that the entire mangrove forest was pristine.
Potential bioactivity evaluation of Arytera littoralis Blume (Sapindaceae)
Authors: PRAPTIWI PRAPTIWI , WINDADRI F. I. , SULISTIARINI DIAH , ERSALIANY N. P. Q.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Praptiwi Windadri FI, Sulistiarini D, Ersaliany NPQ. 2022. Potential bioactivity evaluation of Arytera littoralis Blume (Sapindaceae). Biodiversitas 23: 4977-4983. Bioactivity of Arytera littoralis (Sapindaceae) and its chemical compounds from different parts of the plants (flower, leaves, and stem) using the different polarities of solvents was carried out in this study. Phytochemical analysis was performed using the standard method. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were analyzed using spectrophotometry method. Out a qualitative assay for antioxidant and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was carried out by Bioautography-Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and IC50 value for antioxidant was carried out by microdilution methods on a 96-well microtiter plate. The results showed that different parts of the plant contained different phytochemical compounds. The highest TPC and TFC were obtained from stem extract, followed by leaves and flowers. The antibacterial activity of A. littoralis extracts against S. aureus and E. coli was categorized as weak antibacterial, while their antioxidant activity was categorized as a strong antioxidant. The antioxidant activity index (AAI) has a very strong correlation with TPC, TFC, and IC50 value.
Local herbs for pain relief in the area of Tumbon Khao Hin Son, Chachoengsao, Thailand
Authors: PIKULTHONG VACHIRAPORN , BHIROMPAN SUPAMAS , DECHKLA MANUSSAWEE , MOKKAPAN KANLAYA , BOONMAN NARUMON , WANNA CHANATE , MACHANA KWANCHAYANAWISH , PHAKPAKNAM SIRIRAT
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Pikulthong V, Bhirompan S, Dechkla M, Mokkapan K, Boonman N, Wanna C, Machana K, Phakpaknam S. 2022. Local herbs for pain relief in the area of Tumbon Khao Hin Son, Chachoengsao, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 5012-5019. Local herbs have been used in Thailand for years. However, data collection on the use of local herbs in particular areas has not been thorough. This study aimed to survey local herbs treating pain relief in the area of Tumbon Khao Hin Son, Amphoe Phanom Sarakham, Chachoengsao, Thailand. Semi-structured interviews were used. Purposive sampling was used to determine the sample group. In the survey and study on botanical characteristics, from November 2019 - March 2020, 68 plants were identified and classified into 29 families. The local herbs which were mostly used for pain relief included 7 species from the Acanthaceae family, 6 types from Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and 5 types from Zingiberaceae. The leaves of herbaceous plants had the highest frequency of use. A remedy, Ko-Klan, was found and prepared using a boiling method that could relieve pain. The surveyed herbs were used to treat 4 main symptoms which were body pain, stomachache, headache, and toothache. It was found that 36 species of herbs, or a majority of them, were used to directly relieve the pain. The interviews showed that 27% of the respondents had some home-grown herbs which were used for cooking and basic illness treatment. The age of the respondents was relevant to the use of herbs. The findings in this study will be the foundation for local herb studies which support and are aware of Thai local wisdom and knowledge as guidance to alter herbs for pharmaceutical purposes in the future.
Diversity and use of wild edible fruits in the Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia
Authors: SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI , MUKHTAR ERIZAL , NURAINAS NURAINAS , SUWARDI ADI BEJO
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E, Nurainas, Suwardi AB. 2022. Diversity and use of wild edible fruits in the Bukit Rimbang - Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5035-5042. The Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve is a protected area with a diverse ecosystem and vegetation. The area provides many ecosystem services that are critical to life, particularly for humans. The aim of this study is to document wild edible fruits and their use by the community surrounding the Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve. The study was carried out in eight villages of Kampar district, Riau province, namely Tanjung Belit, Tanjung Belit Selatan, Gema, Kota Lama, Muara Bio, Muara Selayah, IV Koto Setingkai, and Sungai Rambai. This study was based on field surveys, plant collection, and interviews with the local people. Interviews were performed with 334 respondents selected by using the random sampling technique. A total of 67 wild edible fruit plant species, consisting of 29 families, have been documented in the study area. Artocarpus integer, Mangifera odorata, Mangifera foetida, Nephelium maingayi, Durio oxleyanus, Syzygium polyanthum, Pometia pinnata, Baccaurea deflexa, Garcinia xanthochymus, and Bellucia pentamera were among the plants recognized and frequently harvested by respondents. Local communities use wild edible fruits as food, either eaten raw or processed into candy, snacks, or vegetables. About 54% of the respondents reported traditional knowledge linked to wild edible fruits is transferred from the parents/grandparents to the next generations in the study area. The expansion of agricultural lands and the decline in traditional knowledge are the main threats to the sustainability of wild edible fruits in the study area.
Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of Begonia multangula based on atpB-rbcL non-coding spacer of cpDNA sequences
Authors: WARSENO TRI , EFENDI MUHAMMAD , CHASANI ABDUL RAZAQ , DARYONO BUDI SETIADI
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Warseno T, Efendi M, Chasani AR, Daryono BS. 2022. Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of Begonia multangula based on atpB-rbcL non-coding spacer of cpDNA sequences. Biodiversitas 23: 5491-5501. Begonia (Begoniaceae) belongs to Section Platycentrum-Sphenanthera Group which has a wide distribution from Sumatra to the Lesser Sunda Islands and Sulawesi. Information on B. multangula genetic variability and intraspecies relationships based on molecular characters is critical for developing appropriate strategies in conservation biology, breeding activities, and many other applied fields. The genetic variability and interspecific relationships of B. multangula in Indonesia were investigated using sequence data from the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer (IGS) cpDNA regions. The atpB-rbcL IGS fragment was amplified using atpB-1 as the forward primer and rbcL-1 as the reversed primer. Genetic variations were found in the length of the sequence and nucleotide divergences in the atpB-rbcL IGS region. The genetic distance between 822 fixed sites ranged from 0 to 0.61%. Eighteen of the 822 sites (99.27%) analyzed were invariable, six sites (0,73%) were variable consisting of 4 singleton variable sites and two parsimony informative sites, and twelve sites were gaps. The phylogenetic relationships generated by B. multangula based on the atpB-rbcL IGS sequence analysis indicated the genetic variation and divided it into two clades. However, the clustering pattern of B. multangula specimens resulting from molecular analysis based on atpB-rbcL IGS sequences did not show the geographic clustering grouping pattern.
Composition and abundance level of pest mites in jasmine gambier (Jasminum officinale) plantation of Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia affected by some abiotic factors
Authors: Budianto Bambang Heru , Sasongko Nurtjahyo Dwi
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Budianto BH, Sasongko ND. 2022. Composition and abundance level of pest mites in jasmine gambier (Jasminum officinale) plantation of Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia affected by some abiotic factors. Biodiversitas 23: 5227-5232. The decline in productivity of gambier jasmine flowers is not only caused by the reduction of gambier jasmine land area but also insect, caterpillar and pest mite attacks. Types of pest mites and their population dynamics are closely related to abiotic factor conditions such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, season, an abundance of predatory mites and types of plant cultivars. The study aimed to determine the types of pest mites and some abiotic factors that affect their abundance in gambier jasmine plants. The research method was a survey with a purposive sampling technique. Sampling locations were in Cipawon village, Bukateja sub-district, Purbalingga district, and Central Java Province, Indonesia. The obtained data were analyzed by analysis of variance at an error rate of 0.05. The types of pest mites that were identified consisted of 8 species, namely Brevipalpus phoenicis, B. californicus, B. papayensis, B. obovatus, Tetranychus urticae, T. kanzawai, T. cinnabarinus and Tyrophagus putrescentiae. The type of pest mite always found at each sampling point was B. phoenicis, with an abundance range of 0.027 to 0.067. The results of the analysis of the variance of pest mite abundance in gambier jasmine plantations showed that abundance of individuals between pest mite species did not significantly differ at all sampling points. Based on multivariate analysis, it was noted that trichome density had the most influence on pest mite abundance with a population model of Y = 0.399 + 0.043a + 0.012b.
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Kalappia celebica: An endemic and endangered plant species in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: HUSNA HUSNA , TUHETERU FAISAL DANU , ALBASRI ALBASRI , ARIF ASRIANTI , BASRUDIN BASRUDIN , NURDIN WIWIN RAHMAWATI , ARMAN EPRIANI , AGUSTIN DWI INTAN , SARIBADU JUSMAN , RAHMAT RAHMAT , DERMAWANSYAH AHMAD , DALIANA DALIANA , LODY LUCKY PERDANA , DERI ALKIKA SURYA , SAFITRI IKRAENI
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Husna, Tuheteru FD, Albasri, Arif A, Basrudin, Nurdin WR, Arman E, Agustin DI, Saribadu J, Rahmat, Dermawansyah A, Daliana, Lody LP, Deri AS, Safitri I. 2022. Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Kalappia celebica.): An endemic and endangered plant species in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5290-5297. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are a group of fungi belonging to Phylum Glomeromycota. AMF has a symbiotic relationship with higher plants, including endangered species in various climatic regions and land types. Research on AMF diversity related to endemic and endangered tree species in the tropics is still limited. This study aimed to examine the diversity of AMF in the natural habitat of Kalappia celebica Kosterm. (kalapi) in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Samples of soil and roots of K. celebica were collected from six natural habitat locations, i.e., Konawe District (Anggatoa and Abuki Villages), East Kolaka District (Lalingato and Anggaloosi Villages) and Kolaka District (Lalonaha and Lapao Pao Villages). The AMF spores were isolated by using the pouring method, followed by wet filtration. AMF identification was carried out by observing the morphology of AMF spores. A total of eight AMF species belonging to three genera Viz. Glomus, Funneliformis and Rhizophagus were isolated. Among the species identified, five species belong to genus Glomus, two species belong to the genus Funneliformis and one species belongs to the genus Rhizophagus. Glomus sp.1 and 2 and F. mosseae had the highest spore density, relative density and frequency, and importance index values. The AMF highest spore density was obtained in Anggaloosi Village of East Kolaka District. Soil properties such as organic C, total N and clay were positively correlated with spore density and negatively correlated with AMF colonization. The Simpson’s Index ranged from 0.42 ± 0.117 to 0.86 ± 0.068. The range of Shannon-Wiener Index was 0.12 ± 0.208 to 0.99 ± 0.198, while the Evenness Index ranged from 0.17 ± 0.189 to 0.75 ± 0.106. These findings indicated that K. celebica species are rich in AMF diversity. These symbiont fungi are key components of the ecosystem. Further research is needed to develop their use as promoters of plant establishment in conservation and restoration of those sites.
Qualitative and quantitative phenotype of Kai Tor-Kai Tang (Gallus gallus) in the lower-northern region of Thailand
Authors: Incharoen Tossaporn , Nakhen Worawit , Yaemkong Suphawadee
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Incharoen T, Nakhen W, Yaemkong S. 2022. Qualitative and quantitative phenotype of Kai Tor-Kai Tang (Gallus gallus) in the lower-northern region of Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 5387-5395. The Kai Tor-Kai Tang (KT) chicken is a crossbreed between an indigenous domestic village breed and a local wild red junglefowl. Colorful plumage, a crowing voice, and a large single comb are specific characteristics of the phenotype. Due to their populations, there is a clear need to improve the qualitative and quantitative understanding of these chickens. A study of their phenotype variation may be an advantageous approach in the conservation and preservation of the breed, as well as social and commercial utilizations in rural communities. This study aimed to characterize the phenotypes of KT populations reared in the lower-northern region of Thailand, which includes Phetchabun, Phitsanulok, Phichit, Sukhothai, Uthai Thani, and Uttaradit provinces. A total of 100 KT chickens from 35 local farms were characterized under field conditions for 12 qualitative and 2 quantitative traits. Frequencies and means were calculated for phenotypical characteristics. Correlation coefficients and affecting factors factor were evaluated between qualitative traits among them. The results indicated that the most prominent colors of the earlobe, the colors around the eyes, beak, and shank were red (38%), orange (54%), brown (64%), and grey (56%), respectively. The main color of the neck and back plumage was brown-yellow (49% and 31%, respectively), the both long curving tail and back tail was black-green (96%), and the wing plumage color was red (79%) while 49.26%, 99% and 73% of the chickens had Jak Kod Hna comb, normal spur type, and Plod plods scale type, respectively. The overall mean body weight and age of the chickens were 1.07 ± 0.2 kg and 11.99 ± 7.4 months. The highest correlation (r: 1; p<0.01) was observed between the colors of the long curving tail and the back tail. The whole region had a significant effect on long-curving tail and back tail color (p<0.05), and all farm sizes had a significant effect on earlobe color (p<0.05).
Development of Spodoptera frugiperda fed on young maize plant’s fresh leaves inoculated with endophytic fungi from South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Ayu Lestari Yuwinda , Verawaty Marieska , Herlinda Siti
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Lestari YA, Verawaty M, Herlinda S. 2022. Development of Spodoptera frugiperda fed on young maize plant’s fresh leaves inoculated with endophytic fungi from South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5056-5063. The endophytic entomopathogenic fungi are needed to control the Spodoptera frugiperda larvae hiding inside the maize plants. This research aimed to assess the effect of young maize inoculated with endophytic fungi on the development of S. frugiperda. The fungal isolates used for the bioassay were Beauveria bassiana JgSPK isolate (GenBank acc. no. MZ356494), B. bassiana JgCrJr isolate (GenBank acc. no. MZ356497), and Metarhizium anisopliae CaTpPga isolates (GenBank acc. no. MZ242073). Beauveria bassiana (JgSPK and JgCrJr isolates) and M. anisopliae (CaTpPga isolate) colonized young maize plant significantly reduced the pupae and adult emergence, adult longevity, eggs laid, and viable eggs of S. frugiperda. The fungi also significantly enhanced larval mortality compared to non-colonized ones. The larval mortality caused by M. anisopliae CaTpPga isolate (57.67%) was highest among other treatments but not significantly different from those treated with B. bassiana JgSPK isolate (51.33%). Furthermore, the developmental time (eggs, larvae, pupae stages, and lifespan) of S. frugiperda fed on leaves colonized with endophytic fungi significantly increased compared to non-colonized ones. So, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae inoculated as seed treatments caused negative effects on the development of S. frugiperda. These findings highlight the potential of endophytic B. bassiana and M. anisopliae from South Sumatra to protect maize against S. frugiperda.
Stomatal and epidermal characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia
Authors: WINDARSIH GUT , RIASTIWI INDIRA , DEWI ASIH PERWITA , YURIYAH SITI
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Windarsih G, Riastiwi I, Dewi AP. Yuriyah S. 2022. Stomatal and epidermal characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5373-5386. The stomatal and epidermal characteristics can be used as additional evidence in plant taxonomy activity. The aim of the study was to identify the stomatal and epidermal characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia. The samples used were 11 species of Zingiberaceae in Serang District region. The stomatal and epidermal collection was carried out using the replica technique. Based on the results, all species has brachyparatetracytic type of stomata, on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf. The densities of stomata of all species observed on abaxial were higher than adaxial surface of the leaf. The stomatal density on adaxial surface of leaf between 1.71-4.43 stomata per unit leaf area of 171,602 µm2, while on abaxial 10.46-42.22 stomata per unit leaf area. The stomatal index on adaxial surface is between 1.34-6.97%, while on abaxial 7.54-30.25%. The length of guard cells on adaxial surface is between 30.30-47.85 µm, while on abaxial 29.86-50.68 µm. The width of guard cells on adaxial surface between 18.67-31.73 µm, while on abaxial 19.97-31.95 µm. The adaxial epidermal cells have a column, polygonal, or rectangular shapes, while the abaxial has poligonal or rectangular-shaped epidermal cells. The epidermal cells that are over leaf veins have polygonal or rectangular-shaped cells.
Effect of farmer's behavior in cocoa management on insect diversity in Salayo Cocoa Plantation, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Rosalia Siska , Yonariza Yonariza , Syahrawati My
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Rosalia S, Yonariza, Syahrawati M. 2022. Effect of farmer's behavior in cocoa management on insect diversity in Salayo Cocoa Plantation, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5064-5073. The behavior of farmers in cocoa cultivation will affect the cocoa (Theobroma cacao) plantation environment and all living things in it, including insects. Disruption of insect diversity will also affect the ecosystem services insects provide, especially those related to improving the quality and quantity of agricultural products, especially cocoa. This study aimed to determine and analyze the diversity of insects in cocoa plantations and the role of insects in the ecosystem. This research was carried out at the Salayo Cocoa Plantation, a small-scale farmers' cocoa plantation in Nagari Salayo, Kubung District, Solok Regency, and the Bioecology Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, from July to October 2021. Insect collection was carried out using pitfall traps, yellow sticky traps, light traps, and spraying with insecticides. Insect sampling was carried out three times. The results showed that in cocoa plantations in Nagari Salayo, Kubung District, Solok Regency, insects from 12 orders, 31 families, and 58 species with a total number of 750 individuals were found, and insect diversity was in the range of 1-3322. Based on their role, the collected insects can be divided into pests, decomposers, pollinators, predators, parasitoids, and neutral insects. The richness and abundance of herbivores were lower than carnivores (predators and parasitoids). The predators with the highest number were Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Good farmer behavior in managing the cocoa plantation can maintain insect diversity and the sustainability of ecosystem services provided by insects.
Mining and validating novel SSR markers based on coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) whole genome and their use for phylogenetic analysis
Authors: HATTA ANDI NADIA NURUL LATHIFA , SUKMA DEWI , MASKROMO ISMAIL , SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Hatta ANNL, Sukma D, Maskromo I, Sudarsono. 2022. Mining and validating novel SSR markers based on coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) whole genome and their use for phylogenetic analysis. Biodiversitas 23: 5122-5131. The coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genome sequences were available at the chromosome level in 2019, and they can be used to develop the whole genome SSR markers. This study aimed to conduct in silico analysis of the whole coconut genome to mine SSR sequences, design SSR markers distributed across coconut chromosomes, validate the designed primers to generate SSR markers, and use them for the phylogenetic analysis of coconuts. The SSR loci were mined from publicly available coconut genomes. Targeted primers for amplifying 20 dinucleotide SSR loci were selected and used for phylogenetic analysis of coconuts. The SSR mining identified 543,774 dinucleotide repeat motifs across the coconut genome, and most of the dinucleotide SSRs are AG (46.18%) and AT (40.03%) repeats. Primer pairs targeted to amplify 876 SSR loci and distributed in 16 coconut chromosomes were successfully designed and deposited in a public data repository for public access. The 237 SSR primer loci were novel and could generate new SSR markers. Among 20 selected and tested primers, 18 produced SSR markers, and 15 pairs yielded polymorphic markers when used to evaluate 25 coconut accessions. The analysis showed that the designed SSR primers were informative for evaluating coconut genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis.
Physio-biochemical, molecular characterization, and phage susceptibility of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum associated with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena)
Authors: NURDIKA ANGGI ANWAR HENDRA , ARWIYANTO TRIWIDODO , SULANDARI SRI
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Nurdika AAH, Arwiyanto T, Sulandari S. 2022. Physio-biochemical, molecular characterization, and phage susceptibility of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum associated with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena). Biodiversitas 23: 5149-5158. Ralstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogen that causes bacterial wilt diseases in various plant species. The high diversity of these bacteria strains is the basis for their grouping into the R. solanacearum species complex (RSSC). RSSC associated with tomato and eggplant in Indonesia are commonly known as R. solanacearum. It is necessary to characterize R. solanacearum which infects tomatoes and eggplant according to the latest classification. The high diversity of strains also affects their susceptibility to bacteriophages as host-specific biocontrol agents. This research was conducted by characterizing R. solanacearum isolates from different locations based on their physio-biochemical properties, biovar, virulence, phylotype, sequevar, and susceptibility to 12 bacteriophage isolates. The phylotype identification was carried out using multiplex polymerase chain reaction with several specific primers for R. solanacearum. Amplification and sequencing based on the egl gene region were carried out to determine the sequevar of R. solanacearum isolates. As a result, isolates RS18, RS19, RS23, and RS24 had morphological, physio-biochemical, and biovar characteristics according to Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum phylotype I, biovar 3. The two most virulent isolates, RS19 and RS24 were identified as sequevar 14. RS19 and RS24 isolates were susceptible to 7 of the 12 bacteriophage isolates used in this study. Variations of bacteriophage isolates resulted in different plaque morphology which could be attributed to R. pseudosolanacearum susceptibility and bacteriophage virulence.
The potency of wild mango Mangifera magnifica as a new source of antidiabetic agents with concurrent antioxidant activity
Authors: FITMAWATI FITMAWATI , ROZA RODESIA MUSTIKA , EMRIZAL EMRIZAL , JULIANTARI ERWINA , ALMURDANI MUHAMMAD
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Fitmawati, Roza RM, Emrizal, Juliantari E, Almurdani M. 2022. The potency of wild mango Mangifera magnifica as a new source of antidiabetic agents with concurrent antioxidant activity. Biodiversitas 23: 5159-5164. Diabetes mellitus has entered the top 10 causes of death, following a significant percentage increase of 70% since 2000. Researchers have been working on a new practical design of ?-glucosidase inhibitor from plant resources that can be used as a therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus. By inhibiting ?-glucosidase, the digestion of carbohydrates slows down, which helps prevent hyperglycemia. In our preliminary study, M. magnifica is a neglected wild mango shown to have high levels of antioxidant activity. We conducted a study on the wild mango species M. magnifica as an ?-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor. Antioxidant activities were carried out by the method of radical reduction 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Total phenolic content (TPC) was calculated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoid content (TFC) was calculated by colorimetric method. The antidiabetic activity was carried out by in vitro ?-glucosidase biochemical test. The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction have high antioxidant activity and the strongest inhibitory ?-glucosidase activity. M. magnifica leaves are a new source of antihyperglycemic agents with concurrent antioxidant activity. The research results will provide new information to support conservation efforts whose status is already rare while maintaining and improving the quality of value and diversity.
Diversity of reef fish species in presence of mangrove habitat in Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: UTAMA RIZKIE SATRIYA , RENYAAN JEVERSON , NURDIANSAH DONI , MAKATIPU PETRUS CHRISTIANUS , SUYADI SUYADI , HAPSARI BETALINI WIDHI , RAHAYU EKA MARTHA DELLA , SUGIHARTO ARWAN , AKBAR NEBUCHADNEZZAR
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Utama RS, Renyaan J, Nurdiansah D, Makatipu PC, Suyadi, Hapsari BW, Martha E, Rahayu EMD, Sugiharto A. Akbar N. 2022. Diversity of reef fish species in presence of mangrove habitat in Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5184-5193. Research on reef fish has been widely reported, where information about reef fish communities is an important factor for evaluating fisheries management and coral reef management. Mangroves as the nursery, foraging, and growing areas were also important to assure sustainable reef fish fisheries. This paper studies reef fish abundance and diversity in Ternate Waters in the presence of mangrove in coral reef habitats. To determines coral reef condition underwater photo transect was performed while an underwater visual census (UVC) was used to determine the abundance and diversity of reef fishes in Ternate waters between 2017 and 2018. A total of 14 stations were used, with eight stations near the mangroves and six stations that did not contain mangroves. Based on the observation, fish species richness in mangrove absence was higher than in the presence of mangroves, with 68 and 65 species in 2017 and 66 and 62 species in 2018. However, the abundance of reef fish was recorded high in the presence of mangroves than in the absence of mangroves, with 390 and 289 individual differences in 2017 and 2018. Mangroves' complexity affected part of reef fish communities in Ternate water, particularly Lutjanidae, Serranidae, and Scaridae, which might influence the abundance of reef fishes rather than the species richness. In addition, carnivore shows a negative effect in the presence of mangroves, in contrast with herbivores. It is related to mangrove functioning as a temporary shelter when high-pressure presence in their natural habitat (reef) and a place for foraging. Therefore, mangrove management must be a consideration in the coral reef or fisheries management program.
Identification of new species record of Cyanophyceae in Diyala River, Iraq based on 16S rRNA sequence data
Authors: HASSAN FIKRAT M. , MAHDI WAEL M. , AL-HAIDERI HALAH H. , KAMIL DHIAA W.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Hassan FM, Mahdi WM, Al-Haideri HH, Kamil DW. 2022. Identification of new species record of Cyanophyceae in Diyala River, Iraq based on 16S rRNA sequence data. Biodiversitas 23: 5239-5246. The biodiversity and water quality of the Diyala River require screening water in terms of biological contamination, because it is the only water source in Diyala City and is used for many purposes. This study aimed to identify a new species record of Cynaophyceae and emphasize the importance of using molecular methods beside classic morphological approaches, particularly in the water-shrinkage-aqua system. Five different sites along Diyala River were selected for Cyanophyceae identification. Morphological examination and 16S rRNA sequence analysis was conducted, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega 6 Programme. The morphological examination of samples showed a total of 28 species corresponds to Cyanophyceae, including one species of Spirulina. In our study of 28 identified species, three new species record were identified in Diyala River. The newly recorded species were confirmed by 16S rRNA and the phylogenetic tree construction. The species are registered in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with the following accession numbers: Arthrospira indica (MW854667.1), Arthrospira platensis (MW854665.1), and Limnospira fusiformis (MW854666.1). Most notably, Arthrospira platensis is not listed in the checklist of Iraqi algae. Thus, these species are considered as a new record of Iraqi algal flora. The identification of new species record in Diyala River reflexes the impact of climate change on this river, and the necessity to use 16S rRNA to identify microalgae in all ecosystems.
Attitude and behavior of senior high school students toward environmental conservation
Authors: BERAME JULIE S. , LUMABAN NONOTZSKA W. , DELIMA STEPHANY B. , MERCADO RISSA L. , BULAY MINIE L. , MORANO ANGELIKA B. , MAR G. PAROHINOG CHRISTINE DEBBIE
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Berame JS, Lumaban NW, Delima SB, Mercado RL, Bulay ML, Morano AB, Parohinog CDMG. 2022. The attitude and behavior of senior high school students toward environmental conservation. Biodiversitas 23: 5267-5277. The worsening environmental problems have become a serious concern prompting humanity to search for solutions aiming for environmental management through understanding the relationship between human-environmental attitude and behavior with the belief that humans are the prime contributor to both - problem and the solution. By acknowledging this existing situation, this study was designed to assess the senior high school student’s level of understanding of and attitude toward the environment and the effects of both variables on their ecological behavior. A sequential strategy under mixed-method research was used in the study. A survey questionnaire containing both qualitative and quantitative questions was distributed to and answered by the respondents, followed by a focus group discussion that solidified and substantiated the quantitative result. Analysis of the responses demonstrated that students’ environmental attitudes were uncertain and connoted that they have intermediate attitudes and were all observed to be connected to their intermediate ecological behavior. Further, it revealed anthropocentric attitudes were dominant among students. This environmental attitude, together with human dominance over nature, denoted correlation along ecological behavior toward conservation policies, environmental threats and support for population growth policies, while eco-centric attitudes do not correlate to ecological behavior. In conclusion, the limited and ambiguous knowledge of senior high school students on the rule of human and nature need reinforcement for them to develop a good quality viewpoint about nature and willingly advocate environmental protection through their actions.
Expression of SIX1b and SIX1c effector genes and banana resistance genes during Foc TR4 infection on banana cultivars
Authors: ULILALBAB AZIZAH RIDHA , WIDINUGRAHENI SRI , MASANTO MASANTO , SUBANDIYAH SITI , WIBOWO ARIF
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Ulilalbab AR, Widinugraheni S, Masanto, Subandiyah S, Wibowo A. 2022. Expression of SIX1b and SIX1c effector genes and banana resistance genes during Foc TR4 infection on banana cultivars. Biodiversitas 23: 5314-5322. The relative expression SIX1 genes isolates of Foc TR4 and banana resistance genes have not been intensively studied. This study aimed to determine the expression of SIX1 genes of Foc TR4 and banana resistance genes. Twelve Foc TR4 isolates were collected from several regions in Indonesia. DSI analysis was performed to categorize their virulence levels. The representative Foc TR4 isolates from different virulence levels were artificially inoculated on the Musa acuminata Colla Cavendish subgroup and cv. Barangan and incubated for 48, 72, and 96 HPI. The expressed genes were quantitatively analyzed using the qPCR technique using primers to amplify SIX1b, SIX1c, chitinase, and PR-protein 1 genes. The results categorized the virulence of Foc TR4 isolates into moderate, virulent, and high virulent. The isolates of KJG and Batu-4 were selected for gene expression study representing moderate and high virulent groups, respectively. The results of in planta assay found that the expression of SIX1b, SIX1c, chitinase, and PR-protein1 was upregulated on the inoculated plants during the incubation period. However, the expression of these genes was increasingly upregulated in both bananas at early-stage inoculation. We assumed that plant defense genes of bananas might actively encounter the common virulence mechanisms of Foc TR4 at the initial stage of inoculation.