bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing staff experiences for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia
Authors: Castro Sánchez Jessica Alexandra , Jiménez Hurtado William Andrés
Published: May 2023

Introduction: pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation (VAP), is one of the main conditions of intubated patients, in this sense nursing professionals play a fundamental role in its prevention, since they provide direct care to the patient in order to achieve early recovery and avoid complications that lengthen hospital stay or even cause death. Methods: the present research was qualitative with a phenomenological approach, in which 7 nurses from the Intensive Care Unit participated, for the collection of information a semi-structured interview was used and the data were analyzed with the Atlas. Ti. Results: the participants recognized its importance in the prevention of VAPM, in terms of care they demonstrated to have a broad knowledge, although not completely, they are also aware of the factors that hinder its prevention and the benefits achieved by preventing pathology. Conclusions: there are several strengths that were identified in nursing professionals, when caring for these patients, however, the most remarkable was being proactive, since, although they have managed to provide good care, although not in its entirety, it has been by their own interest and based on self-education. Likewise, there are several limitations that they face, among which stand out the lack of resources, as well as the lack of knowledge to perform some care, so it is recommended to establish a training plan and protocolized training in the manipulation of the airway
THE URGENCY OF EVALUATION IN THE LEARNING OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AT ANTAM POMALAA JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL, KOLAKA DISTRICT
Authors: Sutrisna Saleh
Published: May 2023

This study examines the significance of evaluating Islamic Religious Education at Antam Pomalaa Junior High School in Kolaka Regency. The objectives of the study were to determine the significance of evaluation in the learning process of Islamic Religious Education at the school, the learning methods and assignment systems used in evaluating Islamic Religious Education at Antam Pomalaa Junior High School, and the types of tests used in evaluating the learning process of Islamic Religious Education at Antam Pomalaa Junior High School. This qualitative descriptive field study presents the researchers' findings regarding the significance of assessment in the Islamic Religious Education learning process at Antam Pomalaa Junior High School in Kolaka. This study concluded using qualitative data analysis methods, essentially data described in words or phrases divided into categories. A rare third is interactive and includes (a) data reduction, (b) data display, and (c) conclusion (verification). Based on the collected, described, and analysed data, the author can conclude that the evaluation of the Islamic Religious Education learning process at Antam Pomalaa Junior High School has not reached the desired stage due to a lack of qualified Islamic Religious Education teachers. This study's findings can inform the significance of assessment in the teaching and learning of Islamic religious education, particularly at Antam Pomalaa Junior High.
Analisis Lingkungan Kerja Berdasarkan Tingkat Kebisingan Mesin di PT. Grahadura Leidong Prima
Authors: Tambun Jenny Maruli , Pasaribu M. Fazri , Syarif Abdul Azis
Published: May 2023

Proses produksi pada PT. Grahadura Leidong Prima menggunakan peralatan-peralatan produksi yang berpotensi menimbulkan kebisingan. Petugas yang mengoperasikan peralatan merupakan komponen lingkungan yang terkena pengaruh langsung akibat adanya peningkatan kebisingan. Disinyalir banyak karyawan perusahaan yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran ketika bekerja di unit-unit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kebisingan di unit kerja tersebut serta mengetahui pengaruh kebisingan yang dirasakan oleh karyawan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan pengukuran langsung terhadap sumber kebisingan selama 3 shift menggunakan Sound Levelmeter. Pengukuran dilakukan pada jarak sekitar 1 m dari sumber kebisingan pada berbagai posisi dan dilakukan secara manual setiap 5 menit dengan interval waktu ukur 5 detik, pada kapasitas operasi maksimum. Selain itu dilakukan pula observasi kepada karyawan terkait dengan dampak yang dirasakan selama dilingkungan pabrik, serta melakukan analisis data rekam medik para karyawan yang pernah bekerja di unit tersebut. Hasil dari pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa mesin memiliki tingkat kebisingan yang memapari karyawan selama jam kerja melebihi nilai ambang batas, dimana tingkat kebisingan tersebut sebesar 89,7 dB pada sitasiun Sterilizer, 89,6 dB pada stasiun Thresser, sedangkan tingkat kebisingan yang paling besar terdapat pada stasiun Press 92,3 dB. Dengan tingkat kebisingan yang melebihi nilai ambang batas, dilakukan pengendalian kebisingan dengan menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) bagi setiap karyawan.
Exploring the Impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) on Employee Satisfaction and Performance in Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Ming Fang
Published: May 2023

This conceptual paper explores the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) on employee satisfaction and performance in manufacturing industries in China. TQM is a comprehensive management philosophy that emphasizes continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement. Through an examination of various TQM factors, this paper delves into their influence on employee satisfaction and performance. The discussion highlights key insights regarding the relationship between TQM and employee outcomes. Factors such as employee involvement, training and development, effective communication, supportive leadership, teamwork, and additional elements like empowerment, recognition and rewards, continuous improvement, work-life balance, and employee feedback and participation are identified as crucial contributors to employee satisfaction and performance. By implementing TQM practices that align with these factors, manufacturing industries in China can create a positive work environment that fosters employee satisfaction and enables enhanced performance outcomes. This, in turn, can lead to sustainable competitive advantage and continuous improvement. The findings of this paper offer valuable implications for organizations seeking to enhance employee satisfaction and performance through TQM implementation. They highlight the importance of tailoring TQM practices to the specific needs and context of the workforce, while also recognizing the significance of employee involvement, supportive leadership, effective communication, and teamwork. This conceptual paper provides a foundation for further research on TQM implementation and its impact on employee outcomes in Chinese manufacturing industries. By continuing to explore the relationship between TQM and employee satisfaction and performance, organizations can strive for continuous improvement and achieve optimal results.
Comparison of Murabahah Akad with Ijarah Muntahiya Bit Tamlik Akad in KPR Faedah Financing In Bank Bri Syariah KCP Kopo (Kabupeten Bandung)
Authors: Sonia Gina , Sudirja Andri Marta
Published: May 2023

Bank syariah are banks that operate by Sharia principles by following its teachings and staying away from the prohibitions listed in the Al-Quran and Hadith, including practices that were carried out during the time of the Prophet Muhammad, namely accepting deposits, channeling funds, and making transfers have become a part that is not separated from the life of the Islamic ummah even since the time of the Prophet. KPR Faedah is a type of service provided by banks to customers running in the housing sector, banks are expected to provide financing to customers to purchase houses or renovate houses, apartments, shop houses, shop houses, kiosks, or transferring KPR Faedah take-over from other banks. . KPR Faedah BRI Syariah KCP Kopo uses the Murabahah (sale and purchase) contract or the Ijārah Muntahiya Bit Tamlik contract (lease-purchase). However, Bit Tamlik's Ijarah Muntahiya contract was not very enthusiastic. This study aims to compare the Murabahah contract and the Ijarah Muntahiya Bit Tamlik contract on KPR Faedah BRI Syariah KCP Kopo financing so that we can know the similarities and differences as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the two contracts. The type of data used in this study is qualitative data, qualitative data is data obtained directly from the field in the form of characteristics, characteristics, explanations, and information in the form of knowledge, thoughts, and theories. The research method used is the comparative method, namely stating the comparison between one sample or variable with another sample or variable. Sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, literature study, and documentation. The results showed a comparison of the Murabahah contract and the Ijarah Muntahiya Bit Tamlik contract on KPR Faedah BRI Syariah KCP Kopo financing seen from several aspects, namely the similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages, so it can be concluded that the Murabahah contract cannot adjust the price when the market price rises because of the selling price. and the margin is set at the beginning, in contrast to Ijarah Muntahiya Bit Tamlik, with the review of umrah, the rental price can follow the market price at that time. However, at Bank BRI Syariah KCP Kopo KPR Faedah customers prefer the Murabaha contract, as well as the researchers, chose to use the Murabaha contract in this KPR Faedah product because the process is easier and the installments remain until the end of the period.
Mahabbah Al-Ghozali as a Model of Education and Child Care
Authors: Husna Hilyatul , Wasik Abdul
Published: May 2023

This journal is a library research entitled "The Concept of Muhasabah Al-Ghazali as a Method of Parenting Patterns". This research will discuss what are the things related to muhasabah and parenting, and how the concept of alghazali becomes a method for parenting. The research data were obtained from the translation book Ihya 'Ulumuddin as the main source and supported by books, translated books, and other literature that discusses parenting and muhasabah. This research is then analyzed using descriptive analytical techniques. Al-Ghozali understands that nurture is a form of knowledge transfer and is a way to spread kindness, elevate human dignity, and instill human values ​​with the concept of muhasabah through several methods, namely exemplary methods, habituation methods, advice methods, and reward and punishment methods. and exemplary methods with the stages of takhalli, tahalli, and tajalli in the form of mahdah and ghairu mahdah worship practices such as fasting, prayer, remembrance, and prayer. Therefore, to shape children into individuals with noble characters and be able to carry out duties as khalifa fil ardh, parenting by applying the muhasabah method should be carried out since the pre-natal period and continues until the post-natal period.
Pendidikan Pesantren dalam Membentuk Kompetensi Santri
Authors: Saefumillah Sansan
Published: May 2023

This paper describes the education applied by the Fathul Ulum Islamic boarding school Kwagean Kediri to form the competence of students. This research is a field research using qualitative methods and a case study approach. This study found that in shaping the intellectual competence of students, the Fathul Ulum Islamic boarding school used four methods, namely bendongan/serogan, bahsul masa'il or discussion, ubudiyah or seminars, and lalaran or memorization. Meanwhile, in shaping the career competencies of students, the Fathul Ulum Islamic boarding school has a pesantren economic institution called the Pesantren-Owned Business Entity (BUMP), this business entity is fully managed by the students
Implementation of The Third Sila Value of Pancasila in the Study of Two Kubu Satu Ormas (Case Study in Karangtengah Garut Village, Kadungora Subdistrict)
Authors: Yahya Rachmi Nursifa , Dewi Dinie Anggraeni
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine, analyze, and criticize whether or not Pancasila values ​​have been implemented in Karangtengah Garut Village. The things that will be highlighted are the participation of community groups in Karangtengah Garut Village in implementing the values ​​of Pancasila through various village development activities and analyzing the factors causing the inadequate implementation of Pancasila values ​​and solutions in improving them. This research uses qualitative research with data obtained from book studies, journals, and news relevant to the discussion and then analyzed. Based on this research, it can be concluded that in Karangtengah Garut Village, Pancasila values ​​have been implemented. However, they are still not maximized due to inhibiting factors. There are still many social gaps due to economic problems and because of two camps in ustad in one mosque, pengaji, and mass organizations. Based on the above problems, the authors provide solutions to maintain unity and integrity through the role of village youth through various activities so that Karangtengah Village is more active and innovative in strengthening unity and maximizing the implementation of Pancasila as it should.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Active Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran Aqidah Akhlak
Authors: Huda Aksin Nurul , Ma`arif Muhammad Anas
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze and discuss the implementation of Active Learning in learning Akidah Akhlak class XI at Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Darul Ulum Baureno Bojonegoro. This article uses qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and verification/drawing conclusions. While the validity of the data using the triangulation technique. The results of this study are as follows: The implementation of Active learning in Aqidah Akhlaq learning in class XI at MA Darul Ulum Pasinan Baureno Bojonegoro has been carried out in three stages, namely planning, implementation and evaluation. Factors that hinder the implementation of active learning in Aqidah Akhlaq class XI learning at MA Darul Ulum Baureno Bojonegoro are the lack of student response to learning, differences in student backgrounds, and characteristics, learning time at the end of learning which makes students lack focus and concentration during activities ongoing.
Manajemen Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) pada SMK Berbasis Organisasi Keagamaan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Muhammadiyyah Di Kota Bandung
Authors: Abdurozak Dedi , Gaffar M. Andriana , Mulyadi Sima
Published: May 2023

The decline of national values caused by the weakness of character education. This research aims to gain an overview of the character education management in VACATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL-based Religious Organization Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) And Muhammadiyyah In Bandung City. The method used is descriptive qualitative approach method and technique of triangulation. Research results show that management education character was made based on the appropriate program of  management and the functions are used. The conclusion that the management of character education in VACATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL-based Religious Organization Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) And Muhammadiyyah In Bandung City was made from planning, organizing, implementing and monitoring that in it there is  the assessment process although those are not optimal.
Implementasi Program Kegiatan Rohani Islam dalam Membantu Pembentukan Karakter Religius Peserta Didik di SMP Negeri 1 Baleendah Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Kusnandar Nandar , Tafsir Ahmad , Sukandar Ahmad
Published: May 2023

In recent years, Islamic religious education has had problems, including religious education which has become a sharp focus of society. The number of deviant behavior of students and adolescents in general that is not in accordance with religious norms has recently prompted various parties to question the effectiveness of the implementation of religious education in schools. Seeing these problems, it is necessary to have several breakthroughs, one of which can be done through the cultivation of religious characters from an early age which is applied in schools both through classroom learning and other activities such as religious extracurricular activities. Religious extracurricular which is now called Rohis has an important role in the process of forming religious character for students. This research was conducted at SMPN 1 Baleendah which aims to find out (1) the planning of the Rohis extracurricular program at school, (2) the implementation of the Rohis extracurricular in an effort to form the religious character of students at school, (3) Evaluation of the implementation of the Rohis extracurricular on the formation of the religious character of the students. at school. This research uses qualitative research with a case study approach. The study used 3 data collection techniques, namely: observation, interviews and documentation. The analysis in this study uses interactive data analysis from Miles and Huberman with the stages of data collection, data collection, data presentation, drawing conclusions and checking the validity of the data. The results of the research show (1) The planning of the Rohis extracurricular program aims to shape the religious character of students. The spiritual extracurricular program planning includes the making of Competency Standards, Activity Programs, Activity Schedules, and Program implementation strategies (2) The Spiritual extracurricular implementation is carried out with four types of activities, namely daily, weekly, annual and incidental. Efforts are made by providing tausiah, exemplary attitudes, and habituation in activities at school. (3) Evaluation of the implementation of extracurricular Rohis can be seen from the extent of religious knowledge and behavior of participants listed in the student learning outcomes book. While the impact of extracurricular Rohis in SMPN 1 Baleendah has a positive impact, namely it can help students more easily appreciate Islamic religious values ​​and help suppress juvenile delinquency and bad influence on the character of students.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Online di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Abdilah Ruly Imam , Tafsir Ahmad , Sukandar Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Changes in interaction patterns due to the COVID-19 pandemic have had an impact on the world of education, as of March 17, 2020, the Indonesian government is still setting online learning from home. This online learning reaps new problems that have never been experienced by students at school. The facts on the ground show that some students have difficulty understanding the subject matter given online. Therefore, researchers are interested in researching further and analyzing the difficulties of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in PAI subjects. This research is located in SMA Negeri 5 Cimahi with the objectives: (1) to find out the implementation of online learning in PAI subjects (2) To find out the difficulties of online learning in PAI subjects. (3) To find out the handling of online learning difficulties in PAI subjects. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The data obtained using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data and facts found in the field from sources are then analyzed by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. Then the validity is tested by testing credibility, dependability and confirmability.Based on the results of the research: (1) The implementation of online learning in PAI subjects is carried out with an online learning system (on the network) or PJJ (distance learning). The learning media used by PAI teachers are electronic devices such as smartphones, laptops, or PCs, which are connected via the internet. (2) The learning difficulties experienced by students when participating in online learning on PAI subjects are basically a matter of the weak ability of students to process subject matter presented by PAI teachers, this lack of understanding results in feelings of boredom, laziness and lack of interest in PAI learning. (3) Handling of online learning difficulties is carried out by PAI teachers by preparing simple and attractive lesson plans, ensuring learning tools can be used properly, paying attention, supervising, and always motivating students while learning online.
Manajemen Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam untuk Penguatan Karakter Agama dan Moral
Authors: Nuraeni Siti , Sukandar Ahmad , Helmawati Helmawati
Published: May 2023

The study is set against the backdrop of a phenomenon that occurs in society today, regarding the numberof attitudes or behavior and moral decline that is often shown by student, which worries all parties, including school institusions. As an educational institution, school make it possible to create learning activities related to character to strengthening in children, because education in school is formulated in an orderly manner compared to other education, so that schools have an important and strategic role in realizing a generation of people who have good character. To achieve these expectations, scholls should be able to design, plan, implement, supervise, and assessment the strengthening of reeligius and moral characters through learning Islamic Religious Education. TKQ Al Amin and TKQ Al Musyawaroh are schools that carry out management activities in PAI learning to strengthen the religious and moral character of student. This study aims to determine the planning, implementation, and learning assessment  of Islamic education learning to strengthen religious and moral characters. The results of this study can contribute and broaden insights to the school principal, teachers of TKQ, chief organization of TKQ , and parents of students about management of Islamic education learning to strengthen religious and moral character. The study used qualitative descriptive methods, data collection techniques conducted with interviews, observation, and documentary studies. This study uses the teory of management functions.s Research shows that learning management activities at TKQ Al Amin and TKQ Al Musyawaroh have appeared to be developing quite well, visible from: 1) the availability of learning planning activities, such as: organizing the annual vision, mission, and learning program, semester program, weekly and daily activities plan. 2) the implementation of learning is held to religious and moral character through regular and spontaneous imitation and habituation, through the learning stages i.e , early learning activities, core activities, breaks, and closing activities. 3)  learning assessment covers all aspects of child development which is implemented by observation, checklists, oral and non-verbal tests.  4) inhibiting factors and supporting factors provide the motivation for more optimal learning programs.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Upe Asrizal A. , Sukandar Ahmad , Setiawan Marwan
Published: May 2023

Human nature is a social creature which according to Aristotle is called the "Zoon Politicon". In an effort to socialize, humans or humans enter a group or organization, then when something emerges, recognizes the advantages and influences and drives joint efforts in achieving a predetermined goal, then he is called a leader. This research uses an organization that is a school educational institution. Educational leaders must have a commitment to quality improvement in their main functions. Therefore, the functions of educational leadership must be directed at the quality or quality of learning. The quality of education is a direct consequence of a change and development of various aspects of life. There are various styles of heads in implementing and developing leadership activities, namely authoritarian leadership style, Laissez Faire leadership style, democratic leadership style. On that basis, this research is focused on the limitations of the problem in this study, there are two, namely: 1) How is the Quality of Islamic Religious Education at SMA Negeri 1 Ciwidey?; and 2) How is the principal's leadership style in improving the quality of Islamic religious education in educational institutions. Furthermore, this study uses qualitative research methods using a case study plan on the leadership style of school principals in improving the quality of Islamic religious education. The results of this study indicate that (1) the quality of Islamic education in SMA Negeri 1 Ciwidey can be said to be quite good, this can be seen in terms of input, process and output. In terms of input, the students of SMA Negeri 1 Ciwidey have the motivation to always improve themselves in achieving according to their talents and abilities, teachers, staff, TU, counselors and administrators who have expertise in their fields and are also supported by adequate facilities and infrastructure. In terms of process, Islamic religion teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Ciwidey have used various teaching methods so that it is easy for students to understand PAI material. In terms of output, most of the graduate students are accepted in top universities, are diligent in praying and can read the Qur'an. (2) The Leadership Style of the Principal of SMA Negeri 1 Ciwidey in improving the quality of Islamic religious education is more likely to use a (participatory) leadership style. In this case, the principal prioritizes deliberation and consensus in solving a problem. However, often in certain situations, the principal requires another (authoritarian).
Konsep Pendidikan Persfektif Syaikh Al-Zarnuji: Analisis Kitab Ta’limul Muta’allim
Authors: Saman Kiagus Akbar , Sukandar Ahmad , Fathurrohman Asep Ahmad
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses the concept of education according to Shaykh Al-Zarnuji which is written in the book of ta'limul muta'allim. This research is categorized as library research, using qualitative methods. The data collection techniques in this study use documentation techniques, and in data analysis the authors use content analysis techniques. This study found that there are at least five characteristics of education as outlined by Shaykh Al-Zarnuji in his book ta'limul muta'aalim. The five characters are as follows; First, the obligation to seek knowledge for every human being. Second, have good intentions; Every student of knowledge must have good intentions, namely to finish ignorance and get the pleasure of Allah SWT. Third, respect the teacher, because without the teacher it is impossible for the learning process to take place. Fourth, seriousness in learning. Fifth, apply the morals that begin in life as a reflection of a student of knowledge. In addition, the author also finds that the concept of education proposed by Shaykh Al-Zarnuji is closely related in realizing the goal of the independent-learning program, namely the creation of superior human resources.
Pembelajaran Kitab Kuning di SMP Fauzaniyyah Sukaresmi Garut untuk Mencetak Siswa Unggul
Authors: Inayatulloh Supyan , Sukandar Ahmad , Setiawan Marwan
Published: May 2023

Human nature is a social creature which according to Aristotle is called the "Zoon Politicon". In an effort to socialize, humans group or enter a group or organization, in an organization then when someone stands out, recognizes their strengths and influences and moves joint efforts in achieving a predetermined goal, they are called leaders. This research uses an organization that is a school educational institution. Educational leaders must have a commitment to quality improvement in their main functions. Therefore, the functions of educational leadership must be focused on the quality or quality of learning. The quality of education is a direct consequence of a change and development of various aspects of life. There are various styles of heads in implementing and developing leadership activities, namely authoritarian leadership style, Laissez Faire leadership style, democratic leadership style. On that basis, this research focuses on the limitations of the problem in the study, there are two, namely: 1) How is the Quality of Islamic Religious Education in Fauzaniyyah Middle School?; and 2) How to learn the Yellow Book in junior high schools to produce excellent students in educational institutions. Furthermore, this study uses qualitative research methods using a case study plan on the leadership style of school principals in improving the quality of Islamic religious education. The results of this study indicate that (1) the quality of Islamic Religious Education in SMP Fauzaniyyah can be said to be quite good, this can be seen in terms of input, process and output. In terms of input, the students of SMP Fauzaniyyah have the motivation to always improve themselves in achieving according to their talents and abilities, teachers, staff, TU, counselors and administrators who have expertise in their fields and are also supported by adequate infrastructure. In terms of process, Islamic religion teachers at Fauzaniyyah Junior High School have used various teaching methods so that it is easy for students to understand PAI material. As for the output, most of the graduate students are accepted in top universities, are diligent in praying and can read the Qur'an. (2) Principal Fauzaniyyah's leadership style in improving the quality of Islamic religious education is more likely to use a democratic (participatory) leadership style. In this case the principal prioritizes deliberation and consensus in solving a problem. But often in certain situations or conditions require the principal to act differently (authoritarian).
Dampak Gaya dan Peran Kepemimpinan Kiai dalam Penguatan Karakter Disiplin Santri
Authors: Nuraeni Nuraeni , Sukandar Ahmad , Helmawati Helmawati
Published: May 2023

The Kiai's leadership style and role is the most essential factor in determining policies and even strategies to address problematic issues. Therefore, a study of the impact of the style and role of Kiai leadership in Islamic boarding schools is very important to do, because the leadership of a Kiai will certainly have a major impact on the progress of Islamic boarding schools, especially in the formation and strengthening of students with character, discipline and high creativity in accordance with the educational goals of the Islamic boarding school. boarding school. In the Qur'an, it is revealed that Allah created humans on this earth, one of which is a leader who is able to regulate and maintain nature properly and does not cause damage. Judging from the leadership criteria, rationalism and humanism leadership are more suitable to be applied by leaders. Leadership is the process of influencing a person/group in activities to achieve certain goals. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Kiai's leadership style and role in strengthening the disciplined character of students at Al Jumhuriyah Islamic Boarding School Subang. The approach used in this research is qualitative research with the type of research being case studies. The data analysis in this research is in the form of descriptive data analysis techniques, namely the analysis method in the form of words. The results found in the field in this study are the impact of the Kiai's leadership style and role in strengthening the disciplined character of students at Al Jumhuriyah Islamic Boarding School Subang which has been seen in changes in the personality of students in actions and speech. These changes arise from the style and role of the Kiai in leading. The Kiai's democratic and charismatic leadership style and the Kiai's role as caregivers, role models for parents, leaders, motivators provide strengthening of the character of students in tolerance of groups, simple life, honesty, patience, sincerity, independence and confidence in changing for the better. Barriers in strengthening the character of students are influenced by internal and external factors. The solution to these obstacles can be overcome by applying the method of character education, namely habituation, exemplary and management of pesantren education. Therefore, in leading a pesantren, a Kiai should have a style and role in carrying out his leadership, so that it will have a positive impact on the disciplined character of the santri, and that has been done by Kiai Deden Al Jamhuri, S. H. I in strengthening the disciplinary character of the santri at the Modern Al Islamic Boarding School Jumhuriyah.
Implementasi Kurikulum PAI Terpadu dengan Kurikulum Pondok Pesantren untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Sobandi Deni , Sukandar Ahmad , Setiawan Marwan
Published: May 2023

The problem behind this research is that there is a separation between schools that are general and schools that have more religious lessons, from the findings in the field of implementing the Integrated Islamic Education curriculum with Islamic boarding schools to improve student achievement. An institution, of course, must use the management theory of findings from this research, among others: in planning some Islamic boarding school teachers are still passive so they do not provide opportunities for students to be active and creative, this is because the pesantren teachers do not understand the media and learning models used. This study aims to find ways and evidence for the implementation of an integrated PAI curriculum with Islamic boarding schools to improve student achievement in this study using a qualitative paradigm. This research is based on a theory regarding the implementation of an integrated curriculum in improving student achievement which includes the understanding, principles, benefits, objectives, and management of an integrated PAI curriculum to improve student achievement with qualitative research methods, through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that: (1) planning the implementation of an integrated PAI curriculum to improve student achievement by outlining the syllabus, which is designed and then described in the lesson plans as a lesson plan in the classroom, (2) implementing the implementation of an integrated PAI curriculum in improving student achievement. with preliminary activities that function to create an effective learning atmosphere, (3) evaluation of the implementation of the integrated PAI curriculum to improve student achievement is reflected in the results of field observations, namely evaluation of learning outcomes carried out by written and oral tests, (4) supporting factors in curriculum implementation PAI is integrated with Islamic boarding schools to improve student achievement including daily religious activity programs starting from the Asmaul Husna apple, joint duha, joint tadarus and juhur prayers in congregation, while the inhibiting factors include: an Integrated PAI teacher who is less capable in the learning process. The conclusion is that teachers must fix the planning and implementation of learning and evaluations carried out, must be able to change learning outcomes, and provide opportunities for students to actualize the potential that exists in themselves so that student achievement increases.
Implementasi Lesson Study dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru di SMA Badan Perguruan Indonesia Kota Bandung
Authors: Mulyani Mulyani , Hanafiah Nanang , Sukandar Ahmad
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the application of the lesson study method to improve the pedagogic competence of teachers at SMA BPI Bandung. This study uses a qualitative approach by applying descriptive methods. Data collection techniques in this study were conducted by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. While the data analysis technique is carried out using three stages, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This study found that lesson study planning in improving the pedagogic competence of BPI SMA Bandung city teachers through collaborative and sustainable learning assessments based on the principles of collegiality and mutuality, the implementation of lesson study learning was carried out using methods and media or learning aids, while in the reflection stage or evaluation of BPI SMA lesson study using the method of gathering all teachers and discussing the learning methods applied by each teacher. The purpose of this research is to know the method of applying lesson study at SMA BPI Bandung in improving the pedagogic competence of teachers.
Manajemen Pengembangan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Mutu Proses Pembelajaran PAI
Authors: Sodikin Hasan
Published: May 2023

Pendidikan menghadapi sebuah fenomena yang menunjukkan adanya penurunan kualitas guru yang berhubungan dengan kompetensi pedagogik, kompetensi professional, kompetensi kepribadian, dan kompetensi sosial. Penguasaan kompetensi yang rendah menyulitkan dalam mencapai tujuan belajar maka diperlukan latihan berkelanjutan dalam mengembangkan kompetensi guru. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai lembaga pendidikan dalam mengembangkan keempat kompetensi tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada dua lokasi yaitu di SMP Islam Tarbiyatul Falah dan SMP PGRI Telukjambe. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, interview, dan analisa dokumen. Triangulasi digunakan memverifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekolah telah melakukan perencanaan manajemen pedagogik, Pelaksanaan manajemen pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik, melaksanakan kegiatan evaluasi pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam meningkatkan mutu proses pembelajaran, dan juga mengidentifikasi hambatan-hambatan yang muncul, dan mencari solusi sebagai upaya untuk memperbaiki proses pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik.
Managemen Supervisi Kepala Madrasah untuk Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Hidayat Hendi , Sukandar Ahmad , Setiawan Marwan
Published: May 2023

Latar belakang masalah ialah guru Pendidikan Agama belum membuat Renana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran, Silabus, Materi. Alat peraga dan Lembar Kerja Siswa dan evaluasi . Managemen supervisi oleh kepala Madrasah di dalam kelas di perlukan untuk membina dan mengawasi guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru Pendidikan Agama Islam.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi dan mengatasi masalah managemen supervisi untuk meningatkan profesionalisme guru Pendidikan Agama Islam di MadrasahTsanawiyah Nahdhotul Ulama  Karawang. Metode yang digunakan adalah Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif, Jenis dan sumber data menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder, Tehnik Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi. wawancara dan studi dokumentasi, Tehnik analis data menggunakan Triangulasi data di mana data di pilih yang penting dan sesuai lalu di proses untuk ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah managemen supervisi kepala sekolah di dalam kelas tahap pertama adalah mendapatkan guru belum menyiapkan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran. Silabus, Kompetensi Dasar, Materi, alat peraga, Lembar Kerja Siswa dan evaluasi siswa. setelah mendampat bimbingan dari kepala sekolah guru Pendidikan Agama  Islam merubah membuat apa yang di instruksikan oleh kepada Madrasah. Managemen Supervisi ke dua. Guru merasa kepala Madrasah mencari-cari kesalahan guru Pendidikan Agama Islam, setelah diadakan diskusi dan pendekatan antara kepala Madrasah dan guru menghasilkan saling pengertian dan memperbaiki profesional guru, dan managemen supervisi ke tiga guru Pendidikan Agama Islam sudah membuat Rancangan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran. Pelaksanaan : Kemampuan guru dalam menghasilkan  perbaikan 1) melaksanakan  mengajar didalam kelas. 2) Kemampuan guru dalam mengelola kela. Hasil profesinalisme guru Pendidikan Agama Islam  adalah hasil belajar yang dicapai murid-murid yang terdiri dari hasil belajar murid dari bidang studi Pendidikan Agama Islam  yang diajarkan oleh guru tersebut, mengintegrasikan tujuan pengajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, membuat alat peraga, Evaluasi Pengajaran, Mengelola Proses  belajar mengajar, membimbing belajar siswa lebih baik
Strategi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Pembinaan Akhlak Siswa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Smpn 2 Rengasdengklok Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Cahya Rizqi Muhamad
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini akan membahas strategi guru pendidikan agama Islam dalam pembinaan akhlak siswa pada masa pandemi covid-19 di SMPN 2 Rengasdengklok kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian ini merpakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara serta dokumentasi. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa, strategi yang dilakukan ialah dengan membuat susunan perencanaan yang di dalamnya memuat regulasi dan konfigurasi jadwal kegiatan pembelajaran, Pelaksanaan pembinaan akhlak siswa dilakukan dengan cara memberikan bimbingan dan arahan seputar pengajaran nilai-nilai akhlak, terakhir adalah evaluasi yang diterapkan dengan teknik pengamatan. Kendala dalam pembinaan akhlak meliputi rendahnya partisipasi orangtua, pergaulan yang kurang baik dengan lingkungan sosial, keterbatasan gadget dan arus globalisasi. Solusi atas kendala adalah dengan menyusun program kegiatan yang positif, bimbingan secara intens dalam menyikapi perkembangan arus globalisasi, optimalisasi peran orangtua serta rekan belajar
Maceration Techniques for Human Fetal and Perinatal Bone
Authors: Dunn Rhian , Spiros Micayla , Passalacqua Nicholas , Hefner Joseph
Published: May 2023

Forensic anthropologists working with cases that vary in stages of decomposition are often required to process and macerate remains to complete a forensic analysis. Maceration techniques vary between laboratories, and procedures to facilitate maceration of fetal and perinatal remains are lacking in the literature. This descriptive case study evaluates the use of several maceration techniques for fetal and perinatal remains (n = 2), including cold-water bacterial maceration, hot-water enzymatic maceration, dehydration, and incubation. Dehydration is a new maceration technique previously unpublished. For each technique, the authors assessed ease of maceration, effect on bone quality, and utility for forensic casework and/or donated remains and found all techniques are easy to implement and do not greatly diminish bone quality. Previous research recommends hot-water enzymatic maceration for forensic casework, as it will not degrade DNA and can efficiently remove soft tissues. This case study corroborates this recommendation but finds that incubation may be preferred for fetal remains, as it is quicker and less labor intensive. However, cold-water maceration and dehydration are recommended for donated fetal remains. Cold-water maceration is low maintenance, minimally malodorous, and preferable for disarticulated teaching materials, since this technique avoids any heat-induced warping of fetal bones. Dehydration retains cartilaginous structures and allows for the preservation of articulated elements for comparative specimens in donated collections. By demonstrating several techniques for fetal and perinatal maceration, this case study serves as a starting point toward the creation of general guidelines for forensic anthropology practitioners.
Absatzförderung und Kundenbindung im Umsatzsteuerrecht
Authors: Brock Vincent Calvin
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, sales promotion measures and customer loyalty measures have become indispensable. Whether discounts, vouchers, prepaid cards or points systems – the economic consequences of an incorrect VAT assessment can be devastating for an entrepreneur in individual cases. Legal certainty does not exist despite the case law developed over decades and the voucher directive issued in 2016. The study on VAT law analyzes the previous case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the Federal Fiscal Court and the tax courts, identifies existing violations of union law and at the same time develops a matrix that can be used to systematize the measures – in conformity with union law – for VAT purposes.
SBRT in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: de la Pinta Carolina
Published: May 2023

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a precision treatment that allows high doses of radiation to be administered to the tumor volume while limiting the dose received by the surrounding healthy organs. This makes it possible to administer ablative doses to the tumor with high local control, making it an alternative in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. This treatment is indicated in patients as a bridge to transplant, inoperable, or complementary treatment to other therapies such as embolization, with local control above 90% according to series. Doses and fractions are variable, and the optimal scheme has not been established. The use of this therapy has increased in recent years, although its evidence is limited. Prospective randomized studies are necessary to make this treatment the first line of action.
Study on the Impact of Artificial Recharge on Treated Domestic Sewage
Authors: Ramu Dhanraj Maipady , Ganesha A.
Published: May 2023

The proposed research will look into, and study the impact of artificial recharge of treated sewage in the unconfined aquifer. In order to enhance the focus on the development and planning for wastewater management, finding a solution for the disposal of treated sewage has become an important priority. As a result, a quantitative study is necessary to bring out the solution for the disposal of treated sewage. There are two types of artificial recharge of treated sewage practiced globally (a) confined aquifer recharge and (b) unconfined aquifer recharge. Artificial recharge in a confined aquifer may not be sufficient to meet the need for pollutant removal, but artificial recharge practice in an unconfined aquifer will meet the needs of pollutant removal as per the review of the literature. At the moment, treated sewage after tertiary treatment is reused in a variety of ways, such as landscapes in educational institutions, cooling towers in industry, and so on. However, the pollution control board insists zero disposal, then the disposal of treated sewage remaining after reusing will become a burning issue to handle and to dispose it. The idea of the recharge will serve the purpose of replenishment and also a solution for disposal in all-time weathering conditions.
Communication in Times of Uncertainty and Loss: Refugee Parents in Interaction with Kindergartens and Schools
Authors: Marit Vesteraas Danbolt Anne
Published: May 2023

Most refugee parents experience uncertainty and loss transitioning to a new society. In this situation, the family is ascribed an increased value, as a social capital and a point of reference in an unstable world. At the same time, the complexity of the new society creates new hierarchical structures that place the family in a vulnerable position. Educational institutions like kindergartens and schools play a major role in the lives of families, since their practices impact the wellbeing and prospects for the future of the children. This chapter explores how newly arrived refugee parents perceive their interactions with kindergartens and schools in their new context. Data is collected by observations in a group of refugee parents over one year and by individual interviews, using interpreters. The study shows that there are good intentions on both sides, but the complexity of the situation causes misunderstandings, thus creating new instances of uncertainty. There is, however, a good potential for improved communication and better understanding in the relationship between refugee parents and kindergartens and schools.
A framework for validating post-entry language assessments (PELAs)
Authors:   University of Melbourne, Knoch Ute , Elder Cathie ,   University of Melbourne
Published: May 2023

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