bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive simulations of new particle formation events in Beijing with a cluster dynamics-multicomponent sectional model
Authors: Li Chenxi , Li Yuyang , Li Xiaoxiao , Cai Runlong , Fan Yaxin , Qiao Xiaohui , Yin Rujing , Yan Chao , Guo Yishuo , Liu Yongchun , Zheng Jun , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku , Xiao Huayun , Jiang Jingkun
Published: January 2023

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) and growth is a major source of atmospheric fine particles. In polluted urban environments, NPF events are frequently observed with characteristics distinct from those in clean environments. Here we simulate NPF events in urban Beijing with a discrete-sectional model that couples cluster dynamics and multicomponent particle growth. In the model, new particles are formed by sulfuric acid-dimethylamine nucleation, while particle growth is driven by particle coagulation and the condensation of sulfuric acid, its clusters, and oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs). A variable simulation domain in the particle size space is applied to isolate newly formed particles from preexisting ones, which allows us to focus on new particle formation and growth rather than the evolution of particles of non-NPF origin. The simulation yields a rich set of information including the time dependent NPF rates, the cluster concentrations, the particle size distributions, and the time- and size-specific particle chemical compositions. These can be compared with the field observations to comprehensively assess the simulation-observation agreement. Sensitivity analysis with the model further quantifies how metrics of NPF events (e.g., particle survival probability) respond to model input variations and serves as a diagnostic tool to pinpoint the key parameter that leads to simulation-observation discrepancies. Seven typical NPF events in urban Beijing were analyzed. We found that with the observed gaseous precursor concentrations and coagulation sink as model inputs, the simulations roughly captured the evolution of the observed particle size distributions; however, the simulated particle growth rate was insufficient to yield the observed particle number concentrations, survival probability, and mode diameter. With the aid of sensitivity analysis, we identified underdetected OOMs as a likely cause for the discrepancy, and the agreement between the simulation and the observation was improved after we modulated particle growth rates in the simulation by adjusting the abundance of OOMs.
Spectrometric fluorescence and Raman lidar: absolute calibration of aerosol fluorescence spectra and fluorescence correction of humidity measurements
Authors: Reichardt Jens , Behrendt Oliver , Lauermann Felix
Published: January 2023

Abstract. RAMSES is the operational spectrometric fluorescence and Raman lidar at the Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory. It employs three spectrometers, with the UVA spectrometer (378–458 nm spectral range) being the latest to be implemented in 2018. The UVA spectrometer extends the fluorescence measurement range to shorter wavelengths than previously accessible, and its water vapor measurements can be corrected for fluorescence effects. First the new experimental setup of the RAMSES near-range receiver, which integrates the UVA spectrometer, is described. Then it is detailed how the fluorescence measurement with the UVA spectrometer is absolutely calibrated and how the fluorescence spectra are merged with those obtained with the second fluorescence spectrometer (440–750 nm spectral range). The second part of this study is dedicated to the effect of aerosol fluorescence on water vapor measurements with Raman lidars. When aerosols are present, a fluorescence-induced error always arises and therefore requires thorough analysis, even though it is particularly significant (in relative terms) only when the atmosphere is dry, the fluorescence signal strong, or the bandwidth of the Raman detection channels wide. For moisture measurements with the UVA spectrometer, a method is introduced that effectively eliminates the systematic fluorescence error. However, the increase in trueness comes at the expense of precision. The investigations further show that an accurate correction for fluorescence is impossible when the Raman lidar is not equipped with a spectrometer but with a single fluorescence receiver channel only, at least for biomass burning aerosol, because for a given fluorescence backscatter coefficient at the wavelength of the auxiliary detection channel, the induced error in humidity can vary widely due to the changing shape of the fluorescence spectrum, which depends on aerosol type and atmospheric state and possibly also on other factors.
Melt-enhanced strain localization and phase mixing in a large-scale mantle shear zone (Ronda peridotite, Spain)
Authors: Tholen Sören , Linckens Jolien , Zulauf Gernold
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Strain localization in upper mantle shear zones by grain size reduction and the activation of grain size sensitive deformation mechanisms (grain boundary sliding, diffusion creep) is closely linked to phase mixing. With its mylonitic grain sizes (50–100 µm) and well mixed phase assemblage, the km-scale shear zone at the northwestern boundary of the Ronda peridotite is in this respect no exception. In transects across the “mylonitic” into the less deformed “tectonic” part of this shear zone four dominant microstructural domains were identified: olivine-rich matrix, mixed matrix and neoblast tails of clino- and orthopyroxene. In these, phase mixing quantities, its formation processes and its impact on strain localization were analyzed by a combined microstructural (EBSD) and geochemical (EPMA) analysis. Dominant microstructure of all samples is the mixed matrix composed of olivine, ortho- and clinopyroxene. Its homogenous distribution of interstitial, and/or wedge-shaped pyroxenes contradicts mechanical mixing. In general, high (> 60 %) phase boundary percentages in all four microstructural domains indicate extensive phase mixing independent from microstructural domain and distance to the deformational center of the shear zone located at the NW boundary of the peridotite massif. The constant grain sizes with local variations independent on the distance the deformational center indicate a broad scale deformation with ± constant stresses in the entire mylonitic area. Decreasing Mg# and increasing Ti contents with increasing distance to the NW shear zone boundary, highly lobate phase boundaries, homogenous phase mixing and secondary phase distribution in all samples corroborate a metasomatic phase mixing by melt-rock reactions and crystallization of pyroxenes in the entire shear zone transect. Consistent geochemistry and phase assemblage in mylonites and tectonites but a change from equiaxial (tectonites) to wedge-shaped pyroxenes aligned in the foliation (mylonites) indicate a pre- to syn-deformational melt infiltration. Following the geochemical gradient, the potential source of melt is below a structurally deeper “melting” front which separates the sheared peridotites from coarse granular peridotites. The presence of mixed matrix in the entire shear zone, its microstructural and geochemical consistency indicate that the melt-infiltration was fundamental for the formation of and the strain localization in the major shear zone of the NW Ronda peridotite.
The impact of rotational rifting on the evolution of the East African Rift System: an analogue modelling study
Authors: Zwaan Frank , Schreurs Guido
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The East African Rift System (EARS) represents a major tectonic feature splitting the African continent apart into the Nubian Plate situated to the west, and the Somalian Plate to the east. The EARS comprises various rift segments and two microplates (the Victoria and Rovuma plates) and represents a key location for studying rift evolution. Researchers have proposed various scenarios for the evolution of the EARS, but the impact of continental-scale rotational rifting, caused by the rotation of the Somalian Plate, has received only limited attention. In this study we apply analogue models to explore the dynamic evolution of the EARS within the broader rotational rifting framework. Our models show that rotational rifting leads to the lateral propagation of deformation towards the rotation axis, but we must distinguish between the propagation of distributed deformation, which can move very rapidly, and localized deformation, which can significantly lag behind. The various structural weakness arrangements in our models (representing pre-existing structural heterogeneities) lead to a variety of different structures. Laterally overlapping weaknesses are required for localizing parallel rift basins to create rift pass structures, possibly leading to the rotation and segregation of micro-plates, as is the case for the Victoria Plate in the EARS. Additional model observations concern the development of early pairs of rift-bounding faults flanking the rift basins, followed by the localization of deformation along the axes of the most advanced rift basins. Furthermore, the orientation of rift segments with respect to the regional (rotational) plate divergence affects deformation along these segments: oblique rift segments are less wide due to a strike-slip deformation component. Overall, our model results are a good fit with the large-scale features of the EARS, providing constraints on the timing of rift development and on the segregation and rotation of the Victoria plate within the broader rotational rifting framework of the EARS.
30 m Map of Young Forest Age in China
Authors: Xiao Yuelong , Wang Qunming , Tong Xiaohua , Atkinson Peter
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Young forest age mapping at a fine spatial resolution is important for increasing the accuracy of estimating land-atmosphere carbon fluxes and guiding forest management practices. In recent decades, China has actively conducted afforestation and forest protection projects, thereby, laying the foundation for the realization of carbon neutrality. However, very few studies have been conducted which map the ages of young forests for the whole of China at a fine spatial resolution. In this research, a continuous change detection and classification (CCDC)-based method suitable for large-scale forest age mapping is proposed, and used to estimate young forest ages across China in 2020 at a spatial resolution of 30 m. First, a 10 m spatial resolution land cover dataset (WorldCover2020) from the European Space Agency (ESA) was used to determine the forest cover areas in 2020. Then, the CCDC algorithm was used to identify stand-replacing disturbances to determine the stand age based on 436,967 Landsat tiles across China from 1990 to 2020. A validation sample set composed of multiple land use/land cover (LULC) products was used to calculate the overall accuracy (OA) of the 2020 young forest age (1–31 years) map of China, and the OA was 90.28 %. The reliability and applicability of the proposed CCDC-based forest age mapping method was validated by comparing the forest age map with Hansen’s forest change dataset, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC) 1 km global forest age datasets and field measurements. The CCDC-based method has strong application potential in real-time mapping of the age of young forests at the global scale. The produced forest age map provides a basic dataset for research on the forest carbon cycle and forest ecosystem services, and important guidance for government departments, such as the National Forestry and Grassland Administration and National Development and Reform Commission in China.
Accelerated photosynthesis routine in LPJmL4
Authors: Niebsch Jenny , von Bloh Werner , Thonicke Kirsten , Ramlau Ronny
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The increasing impacts of climate change require strategies for climate adaptation. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are one type of multi-sectorial impact model with which the effects of multiple interacting processes in the terrestrial biosphere under climate change can be studied.
The complexity of DGVMs is increasing as more and more processes, especially for plant physiology, are implemented. Therefore, there is a growing demand for increasing the computational performance of the underlying algorithms as well as ensuring their numerical accuracy. One way to approach this issue is to analyse the routines which have the potential for improved computational efficiency and/or increased accuracy when applying sophisticated mathematical methods. In this paper, the Farquhar–Collatz photosynthesis model under water stress as implemented in the Lund–Potsdam–Jena managed Land DGVM (4.0.002) was examined.
We additionally tested the uncertainty of most important parameter of photosynthesis as an additional approach to improve model quality. We found that the numerical solution of a nonlinear equation, so far solved with the bisection method, could be significantly improved by using Newton's method instead. The latter requires the computation of the derivative of the underlying function which is presented. Model simulations show a significantly lower number of iterations to solve the equation numerically and an overall run time
reduction of the model of about 16 % depending on the chosen accuracy.
Increasing the parameters θ and αC3 by 10 %, respectively, while keeping all other parameters at their original value, increased global gross primary production (GPP) by 2.384 and 9.542 GtC yr−1, respectively. The Farquhar–Collatz photosynthesis model forms the core component in many DGVMs and land surface models. An update in the numerical solution of the nonlinear equation
in connection with adjusting globally important parameters to best known values can therefore be applied to similar photosynthesis models. Furthermore, this exercise can serve as an example for improving computationally costly routines while improving their mathematical accuracy.
Advance prediction of coastal groundwater levels with temporal convolutional and long short-term memory networks
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Dong Fan , Chen Guangquan , Dai Zhenxue
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Prediction of groundwater level is of immense importance and challenges
coastal aquifer management with rapidly increasing climatic change. With the development of artificial intelligence, data-driven models have been widely adopted in hydrological process management. However, due to the limitation of network framework and construction, they are mostly adopted to produce only 1 time step in advance. Here, the temporal convolutional network (TCN) and models based on long short-term memory (LSTM) were developed to predict groundwater levels with different leading periods in a coastal aquifer. The initial data of 10 months, monitored hourly in two monitoring wells, were used for model training and testing, and the data of the following 3 months were used as prediction with 24, 72, 180, and 360 time steps (1, 3, 7, and 15 d) in advance. The historical precipitation and tidal-level data were incorporated as input data. For the one-step prediction of the two wells, the calculated R2 of the TCN-based models' values were higher and the root mean square error (RMSE) values were lower than that of the LSTM-based model in the prediction stage with shorter running times. For the advanced prediction, the model accuracy decreased with the increase in the advancing period from 1 to 3, 7, and 15 d. By comparing the simulation accuracy and efficiency, the TCN-based model slightly outperformed the LSTM-based model but was less efficient in training time. Both models showed great ability to learn complex patterns in advance using historical data with different leading periods and had been proven to be valid localized groundwater-level prediction tools in the subsurface environment.
Conference review: On melting ground. Arctic Archaeology
Authors: Brenøe Sara Ingrid
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The “On melting ground. Arctic Archaeology” conference took place in Chemnitz, Germany, from 20 to 22 October 2021. The smac (Staatliches Museum für Archäologie Chemnitz) arranged the international conference in cooperation with the Eurasia Department of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) to help prepare for the special exhibition “On Thin Ice” (working title), which is planned to open in autumn 2023 in Chemnitz. The conference was hybrid, allowing people to participate in person or from home. The language was English or Russian, made possible with excellent simultaneous translation. A few of the presentations will be summarised in this conference review. To gain a complete overview of the conference, please follow the link to smac's web page, where you can find the abstracts of all the presentations: https://www.smac.sachsen.de/fortbildungen-Info_Arktische_Archaeologie_Tagung.html (last access: 20 December 2022).
Pengaruh Peran Kepemimpinan Mandor Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pemupukan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit di PT. Borneo Citra Persada Mandiri
Authors: Rahmah Nor Rahmah , Rossy Mirasari  , Daryono
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh peran kepemimpinan seseorang cukup berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan dan penurunan kinerja karyawan, oleh karena itu maka perlu diketahui bahwa peran pimpinan penting untuk tercapainya tujuan dalam perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peran kepemimpinan mandor terhadap kinerja karyawan pemupukan di PT. Borneo Citra Persada Mandiri. Dengan jumlah sampel seluruh karyawan pemupukan di Rayon A sebanyak 21 orang dengan metode gabungan antara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dan teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner sekaligus wawancara kepada responden. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan Microsoft excel dan SPSS versi 26 untuk membantu menghitung Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas serta data dianalisis dengan mengunakan Regresi linier sederhana, Uji Determinasi (R2), dan uji Simultan. Hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh antara peran kepemimpinan mandor terhadap kinerja karyawan pemupukan di PT. Borneo Citra Persada Mandiri, dengan hasil R2 28,3%, sedangkan 71,7% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain seperti faktor personal/individu, faktor tim, faktor sistem dan faktor konstektual.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN BUNGA PUKUL DELAPAN (Turnera subulata) SEBAGAI TANAMAN INANG PENGENDALI HAMA ULAT API PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PT. WIRA INOVA NUSANTARA
Authors: Tarson elsa boldin Tarson , Humairo aziza  , Humairo aziza
Published: January 2023

TARSON ELSA BOLDIN NUBAN. EFEKTIVITAS PEMANFAATAN BUNGA PUKUL DELAPAN (Turnera subulata) SEBAGAI TANAMAN INANG PENGENDALI HAMA ULAT API PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PT. WIRA INOVA NUSANTARA (di bawah bimbingan HUMAIRO AZIZA,S.Hut. M.P dan DARYONO,S.P.M.P) Penelitian dilatar belakangi oleh pentingnya pemanfaatan tanaman Turnera subulata sebagai alternatif pengendalian hama yang bersifat alami dan aman namun tetap mendukung dalam pencapaiaan produksi tanaman kelapa sawit yang maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatahui teknik perbanyakan Turnera subulata, mengetahui jumlah rata-rata predator yang berasosiasi pada tanaman Turnera subulata, untuk mengetahui efektivitas pengengendalian ulat api secara biologis menggunakan tanaman Turnera subulata.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi lapangan dan dokumentasi. Metode observasi teknik perbanyakan Turnera subulata yaitu dengan mengamati teknik perbanyakan yang dilakukan di PT. WIN. Untuk mengetahui jumlah predator yang berasosiasi pada tanaman Turnera subulata dengan cara melakukan sensus pada plot bunga pukul delapan diulang selama empat kali, waktu melaksanakan sensus pada pukul 8 sampai 10 pagi karena waktu tersebut bunga Turnera subulata mekar. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Turnera subulata terhadap pengendalian hama ulat api yaitu dilakukan perbandingan antara blok pengamatan yang tidak ada tanaman Turnera subulata dengan yang ada tanaman Turnera subulata dari hasil sensus yang di lakukan selama enam hari dan mendapatkan hasil persentase serangan kemudian dilakukan perbandingan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa teknik perbanyakan Turnera subulata di PT Wira Inova Nusantara menggunakan teknik vegetatif atau stek batang bagian pucuk, namun perbanyakan tersebut tidak dilakukan secara rutin. Perbanyakan dilakukan apabila ada permintaan atau intruksi dari pimpinan perusahaan tersebut. Sedangkan predator musuh alami ulat api yang berasosiasi pada tanaman Turnera subulata berjumlah sangat sedikit yaitu 1 kumbang perplot, berikut predator yang berasosiasi pada tanaman bunga pukul delapa (Turnera subulata) Eocanthecona furcellata, Cosmolestes sp, Sycannus dichotomus, Spinaria spinator, Fornicia sp, dan Chaetexorista javana. Sedangkan efektivitas tanaman bunga pukul delapan terhadap pengendalian ulat api hasil menunjukan bahwa intensitas serangan ulat api pada blok yang tidak ada tanaman Turnera subulata pada kategori ringan sebesar 13.3% dan serangan berat mencapai 82,4%. Namun serangan ulat api pada blok yang ada tanaman Turnera subulata hanya ada pada kategori ringan dengan persentase 4.06% dan tidak ditemukan serangan kategori berat pada blok tersebut.
ANALISIS VISUAL POSTER KIKO PADA SERIAL ANIMASI KIKO MUSIM KE-1
Authors: Adriani Risa
Published: January 2023

In the current era, technological progress is growing rapidly. The development of this technology has had an impact on the creative animation industry, judging by the many animated series that have had better quality from time to time. One of them is the animated series made by the nation's children, namely, KIKO. The KIKO animated series is an adaptation of the children's comic series entitled Kiko's Story, which was then redeveloped into an animated series. The role of information and promotion media in making animated serial works is inseparable, namely by designing media posters. In the KIKO animated series, the poster used aims to provide information about the broadcast schedule at one of the television stations. The purpose of this research is to examine the visual elements and find out the meaning contained in the poster. This study uses Kusrianto's visual communication theory and Rustan's visual elements. The method used in this study is a qualitative-descriptive method with the semiotic approach of Kress and Leewuen to analyze the meaning contained in the posters for the KIKO season 1 animated series. This study describes the role of visual elements that provide an overview and meaning according to the content in the KIKO season 1 animated series story.
ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA TIPOGRAFI: EKSISTENSI HELVETICA DALAM KARYA DESAIN
Authors: Kurniawan Dede
Published: January 2023

This study attempts to explore the existence of the Helvetica font in several design works by borrowing the typographical semiotic perspective offered by Theo van Leeuwen. This study applies qualitative research methods by collecting data from observations, interviews and documentation. The results show that the Helvetica font still exists in design works because of its neutral, neutral character in the sense of not taking sides in any of its meanings, for example only thin which can be interpreted as exclusive, luxurious or black which is interpreted as bold, arrogant. because Helvetica weights ultra light to extra black. Then the expansion is created and compressed (strongly narrowed), compressed (narrowed), and extended (expanded). This feature is commonly used for space requirements in a design work. The slope feature indicates that the Helvetica font has a regular type (upright), italic (italics). and curvature where Helvetica has a rounded version that allows Helvetica to be used for the needs of friendly, soft, and natural types of designs. The features in the Helvetica typeface can answer the design needs of any type, a typeface with neutral, readability and legibility characteristics that only present clear information and without exaggerated ornaments such as Decorative typefaces. This then allowed Helvetica to be included in several design works and made Helvetica itself still exist today.
Historical and Literary Background of Migration and Devender Isar’s Nostalgia
Authors: (Kamran) Dr. Muhammad Arshad (Kamran)
Published: January 2023

Expressing melancholy and emotional yearning of the past time, called Nostalgia is cause of people movement from homeland to other city, state, country or region, seeking for employment, education, political asylum, citizenship or persuading security in safer and less crimes places or safeguard from environmental disaster etc. is called migration which, since long, has resulted in manifold complications. As an immigrant, despite of forcedly bifurcating from his homeland for one reason or the other, he can never eradicate his past memories and deep attachments with motherland. Soon after the division of subcontinent, people of the area also left their origin to settle down in new country for safety and security but during crossing the durned line, brutal violence and pitiless massacres on both sides caused enormous killing of family members and abduction of young girls and women.
A Colonial Analysis of “Mera Afsana” An Autobiography of Choudhary Afzal Haq
Authors: Dr. Kamran Abbas Kazmi Waqas Rafi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze Chaudhry Afzal's autobiography "MeraAfsana" in the colonial context. We have seen how the colonial system and its inhabitants were able to establish and rule their colonies in India. Neocolonialism is a system in which powerful nations take control of weaker nations.  By using the resources of the subjugated nation to increase their economic and statistical efficiency, they continue to strengthen themselves. This makes the economy of the settlers stronger. When a country occupies another country through its military power, it is the beginning of the formation of the colonial system. In the world where this new population is established, the occupiers impose their laws, social system and government on the local inhabitants. Western colonialism in the form of colonies, gradually set foot in the subcontinent and then they looted the wealth and capital of this colonies.  Choudhary Afzal Haq was among those who expressed the response to colonialism in that period. He was put in jail several times for the freedom movement. This article explains the services that he played in awakening the consciousness among the Muslims and strengthening their political movements, which weakened the roots of the colonial system and benefited the people of India. Choudhary Afzal has drawn a beautiful map of the racial superiority of the West, exploitation of resources, oppression and violation of human rights in his autobiography.
Discourse Analysis of Binary Thinking in Urdu Novel
Authors: Naeem Dr. Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Binary thinking is a way of understanding the world around. It is used to oversimplify the complex situations and reality. Dichotomous way of thinking usually uses an innate hierarchy of the tow objects or situations it makes binary of Urdu Novel since its inception used binary opposites to foreground the characters it likes or dislikes. In this article Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used as a method to underscore the binary thinking in Urdu Novel. The article maps the social conditions of discourse and shows how these conditions were determining the discourse of Urdu Novel. Urdu Novel made many binaries of characters, social categories and race etc. Only two binaries, i.e. same gender and race are analyzed here.
Creative Aspects of Hafeez Taib’s Naat
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Afzal Butt Dr. Shagufta Firdous
Published: January 2023

Dr Shahida Sardar is a renowned poetess of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Hafeez Taib is renowned Naat writer. He has a unique natiya consciousness among modern poets. He described the Holy Prophet’s(S.A.W) love in various poetry genres like Ghazal , Free verse , sonnet Qatta, Rubai and special form of Alkosaria, . Which includes the ideal aspects of the Prophet's biography, contemporary issues, prayer style, Adorned with sincerity, devotion and the aspect of hope. In his naats, the problems of his time are also reflected, he not only influenced modern naat-writing at the intellectual level, but he also has many experiences.This article will present thematic dimensions   and creative aspects of his poetry.
Relationship of Iqbal and Rumi in the eyes of Dr.Malik Hassan Akhtar
Authors: Professor Dr. Mohammad Arshad Ovaisi Ubaid Ullah
Published: January 2023

Dr. Malik Hassan Akhtar is a renowned researcher and a critic of Urdu literature. His voluminous work has been recognized in Pakistan and across the border as a valuable contribution especially in the field of Iqbaliat. He has worked on intellectual and spiritual inspiration of Iqbal from various Muslim scholars and Sufis including Imam Malik, Hallaj, Ibne Arbi, Usman Hajvery, Aljeli, Rumi and others. But he is spiritually inspired from Rumi most of all. Dr. Malik Hassan Akhtar has produced a detailed and in-depth treatise on this topic while meeting the international standards of research.
Design of MPPT Algorithms using Simulink Support Package for Arduino Hardware
Authors: Srun Channareth , Chrin Phok , Am Sokchea , Kim Bunthern
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the performance of the DC-DC converter is assisted by MPPT control in a comparison between Perturb & Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IC) using the Simulink Support Package for Arduino Hardware. In photovoltaic systems, the maximum power point tracking needs to be powered by PV panels. A microcontroller controls the power converter. Before it is designed, the system is first modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The control software implements a pulse-width modulation signal generator embedded in the Arduino microcontroller. The many stages of design for these controllers are discussed, along with simulation and experimentation. The system is tested, and the irradiance varies from 500 w/m2 to 1000 w/m2. The results of this simulation and experiment show that the plan with MPPT and a P&O controller has a higher efficiency of PV power production.
Accelerating Industrial Output Growth through Islamic Bank Decomposed Financing Optimization in Malaysia
Authors: Yasmin Sadia , Ayaz Mohammad , Ashraf Muhammad Ather
Published: January 2023

Literature shows two hypothesis ‘More finance more growth’ formed u-shape and ‘too much finance’ formed an inverted u-shape profile. Existing literature shows contradicting findings on finance growth nexus by taking only a single indicator of total financing, where financial expansion is detrimental to growth if it surpasses a specific threshold point. This gap is addressed in this study by decomposing Islamic financing into Islamic producer financing (IPF) and Islamic consumer financing (ICF) and its quadratic impact on industrial output growth in Malaysia. Autoregressive Distributive lag (ARDL) approach is applied over the period of 2008; Q1 to 2020; Q4 and, in order to visualize the effect of moderator to the nonlinear model, this study have used Dawson (2014) approach. This study demonstrates a u-shaped relationship between Islamic decomposed financing and sectoral output growth, highlighting that financial development starts to accelerate the growth, once it surpassed the calculated threshold point. With the intention to determine the right financial ceiling to restrict financial activity, threshold points are crucial to the regulators. Our findings imply that policymakers should not only enhance financing, but also improve the quality of the financial system for potential growth. This necessitates the simultaneous expansion and tightening of financial rules, as well as the attendant supervision and surveillance of financial activities, in order to preserve the integrity of finance growth nexus and avoid the ‘vanishing effect’ which may lead to the incidence of future economic crises. This study enriches the discussion on Islamic decomposed financing and the threshold effect to contribute to the economic growth of the country.
Temporal distribution, reproductive synchrony, and mating patterns of the explosive breeder frog Dermatonotus muelleri (Anura: Microhylidae)
Authors: Nomura Fausto , Rogério de Carvalho Fernando , Cerqueira Rossa-Feres Denise
Published: January 2023

The knowledge about natural history of a species is fundamental for the proposition of theories in population, community, and behavioral ecology. Dermatonotus muelleri (Boettger, 1885) is one of the several Neotropical anuran species that still lacks basic information. These frogs are widely distributed in South America and present many peculiar morphological features, such as a reduced head size and a tongue morphology that suggests a specialized diet in ants and termites. However, D. muelleri is rare in anuran surveys, because of the explosive breeding behavior, which restrict its occurrence in aquatic habitats to few days a year, and the semi-fossorial habit, making the individuals inactive during most part of the year. In this study, we describe the reproductive ecology of Dermatonotus muelleri, with special attention to the mechanisms that regulates (i) the reproductive synchrony between males and females and (ii) the operational sex ratio (OSR), and (iii) if size is a good predictor of pairs formation (assortative mating).
Assistência de enfermagem ao idoso hospitalizado no final da vida: revisão integrativa
Authors: Fhon Jack Roberto Silva , Sousa Ester Figueiredo de , Li Wilson , Silva Alice Regina Felipe , Silva Luipa Michele
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: analisar e sintetizar o conhecimento já produzido quanto à assistência de enfermagem no final da vida em idosos hospitalizados. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Os estudos abordavam cuidados paliativos em idosos publicados entre 2005-2021. Para sumarização e síntese das pesquisas foi utilizado o software Iramuteq (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires). Resultados: 22 artigos foram selecionados, e após a análise foram categorizadas em: Suporte à família pelo profissional de enfermagem em cuidados paliativos; Formação e os impactos na assistência de enfermagem em cuidados paliativos; Ética na pesquisa envolvendo pacientes idosos em cuidados paliativos e seus familiares; Importância da comunicação efetiva em cuidados paliativos; e Declínio gradual de saúde em idosos e o manejo de sintomas pela enfermagem. Conclusão: a síntese auxiliou na compreensão da importância das evidências em cuidados paliativos e que a enfermagem faz parte deste processo no cuidado.
Biofilme em smartphones de profissionais da saúde: padrão de uso e de descontaminação do aparelho
Authors: Galdino Júnior Hélio , Marques Vítor Hugo , Bianchini Carmem Gabriela , Vitta Marcella Cristina Vieira Silva , Luciano Cristiana Costa , Costa Dayane de Melo , Tipple Anaclara Ferreira Veiga
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: avaliar a presença de biofilme nas películas de smartphones de profissionais da saúde, investigar o padrão de uso e de descontaminação dos smartphones no ambiente de assistência à saúde em um hospital de médio porte. Métodos: estudo analítico e transversal, realizado com profissionais de saúde que possuíam smartphone. Foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas e a presença de biofilme nas películas de vidro dos smartphones foi avaliada pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultados: todas as amostras de películas foram positivas para presença de biofilme, mesmo após descontaminação com álcool a 70%. Dos participantes, 96,4% utilizavam smartphone no ambiente de trabalho, a maioria utilizava o aparelho para fins pessoais e descontaminavam com álcool a 70% com frequência irregular. Conclusões: o smartphone pode servir como fômite, visto que biofilmes foram detectados na superfície das películas. Esses achados apontam para a necessidade de políticas de controle de infecção relacionadas ao uso dos smartphones.
Antitrust Live
Authors: Miller Evan
Published: January 2023

The reports of antitrust’s death at the hands of decentralized blockchains were an exaggeration. The premise is logical: decentralized markets should mitigate the need for antitrust laws, which typically address abuses of power by, and secret collusion among, centralized firms in concentrated markets. Indeed, blockchains strive to prevent market structures that facilitate collusion and monopolization in the first place through decentralization, a form of antitrust self-regulation. And blockchain communities are debating and deciding how to effect this self-regulation, with the potential for autonomous implementations of market constraints designed to preserve decentralization, in real time and in public. All of this means that antitrust principles are very much alive on the blockchain. However, there exists a conflict: recent efforts to self-regulate antitrust may constitute per se violations of the very laws that such efforts are intended to preempt. 
The first to identify this conflict, this Article proposes that antitrust is entering a new blockchain era, one that is self-regulated and transparent, but not without risks. This Article then argues that self-regulation efforts in the blockchain context that would normally receive per se condemnation by U.S. courts, like price fixing, should instead receive more fulsome reviews under the rule of reason. The procompetitive potential of such self-regulation, combined with judicial inexperience in complex blockchain markets, warrants such an approach.
Are Market Prices for Patent Licenses Observable?
Authors: Love Brian , Helmers Christian
Published: January 2023

Despite the pervasiveness of patent licensing in many industries, there is a dearth of publicly available information on licensing transactions. Notably, information on price—i.e., the royalty agreed upon by licensor and licensee—is purposefully kept secret. We assess to what extent “market prices” on patent licenses are observable by assembling all publicly available information on royalty amounts associated with the licensing of 4G and 5G standard essential patents (SEPs). Our data come from a range of sources including court verdicts and litigation settlements, arbitration awards, public announcements, and published licensing agreements. We show that even for a highly visible technology such as mobile broadband, the available price points are few and far between. Moreover, any comparison of the available data points, let alone their aggregation, is extremely challenging due to largely unobservable heterogeneity in the terms and scope of the underlying licensing agreements. Our results point to a lack of transparency in the market for patent licensing that might adversely affect market participants and competition more broadly.
Plastic soil-cement mixtures for isolation barriers
Authors: Tchakalova Boriana , Todorov Krastyo
Published: January 2023

The present paper considers the properties and technological characteristics of ternary mixtures of loess, Portland cement and zeolite prepared at high moisture content. The unconfined compressive strength, permeability and sorption of the mixtures are determined after different periods of curing. It is established that the analysed mixtures are more suitable for the construction of isolation barriers of waste repositories in comparison with mixtures containing only loess and cement.
Translation and Validation of Perceived Discrimination Scale in the Urdu Language
Authors: Haleem Maryam , Masood Sobia
Published: January 2023

Perceived discrimination is an area that has been recognized as one of the important strains in relation to antisocial and delinquent outcomes. The purpose of this study was to translate and confirm the factor structure of the Perceived Discrimination Scale (PDS) in the Urdu language. The validation and translation were done in three phases. During phase I, the scale was translated using the standard forward and backward translation procedure. Language equivalence was established on a sample of 100 young adults (N = 100; 56 men and 44 women) through cross-language validation in phase II. Construct validity of the scale was established in phase III consisting of an independent study of 326 young adults with an age range from 18 to 25 (M = 21.23; SD = 1.68). The data was collected from universities across Pakistan. The factor structure of the scale was evaluated through two models: a two-factor structure model with Perceived Individual Discrimination and Perceived Group Discrimination and a unification model. The findings confirmed the factor structure of both the first-order and higher-order models of PDS. The findings confirmed the PDS as a psychometrically sound tool for measuring perceived discrimination in the Pakistani context
Impact of Teachers (Educators) in Developing Self Help Skills with Intellectually Impaired Patients
Authors: Firdos Sumera , Hamid Sara , Ullah Saif
Published: January 2023

The primary goal of this research was to identify the impact that teachers (educators) on generating self-help skills with intellectually impaired students. This quantitative study had been adopted a simple random technique. Further, the research questionnaire was divided into three sections. For reliability analysis, Cronbach’s alpha had been used. For section 1 (awareness of teachers for self-help skills) .87 value had been determined. For section 2 (Importance of teachers’ training for self-help skills) and section 3 (Assessment of student’s progress in self-help skills), the values were derived .78 and .83. Findings of this research highlighted the high level of awareness among teachers for self-help skills. They also support that self-help skills are compulsory to lead their life independently. Therefore, teacher training for developing self-help skills among students must be conducted. The study suggests that government should facilitate in-service training programs at the district level.
The symbol of the world tree in the ritual and everyday practice of the Kazakhs
Authors: Saikeneva D. K. , Naurzbayeva A. B. , Khazbulatov A. R.
Published: January 2023

The image of the world tree is universal in the mythology of the peoples of the world, it symbolizes the axis Mundi - the centre of the universe, the place of creation of space and time. This universal mythological symbol also carries the meaning of life and death. The concept of the world tree in various aspects of the traditions of the human life cycle has many meanings. From the cradle to the grave the «tree» accompanied the rites of the Kazakh people. In the cultural space of the Kazakh people, the world tree is a key element of the codification of traditional culture and is present in all layers of the traditional worldview. In the rites of the Kazakh people, the symbol of the world tree received an additional interpretation over time, losing its original meaning. Still, despite this, semantic analysis allows to reproduce of its original meaning and is considered a key element of the structure of the world. This article analyses the symbols of the world tree in the ritual-everyday practice of the Kazakh people with the help of structural-semiotic and comparative methods. The authors believe that the bakan, the hitching post and the ritual staff used in everyday life reflect the perception of the Kazakh people about the world tree not only as a sacral centre of the world but also as an ordering element of chaos.
A Review of the Studies Conducted on Online Exams in Turkey from the Millennium to the Coronavirus Period
Authors: ALBAYRAK Ebru
Published: January 2023

With removing the time and place restrictions, online exams have an essential place in meeting the needs of the digital age. It has become a much-needed structure for measuring individuals' competence remotely, especially in emergencies such as during the coronavirus epidemic. However, there are problems in Turkish online assessment system. The researcher revealed online exams' status and identified their deficiencies in Turkey, and made suggestions. In the research, the articles and theses were examined made for online exams in Turkey between the years 2000-2020. Google academic engine, Dergi Park, TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM, Ebsco, Eric, and the YÖK thesis database were used to reach the publications. A total of 41 articles and 8 theses were identified on online exams in Turkey. The findings highlighted that the studies had not reached the point where they are needed. The studies examined many different variables, and among them the opinions about the online exams prepared within the researches were collected the most. The studies were generally carried out with the survey design instead of experimental. The purposeful sampling method was mostly used, and the sample group consisted of undergraduate students in general. The results of the study point to essential directions for the development of online exam systems and provide implications for future efforts.
Aerosol Generating Procedures-How to Manage?
Authors: Shah Vitrag
Published: January 2023

Aerosol Generating Procedures (AGP) leads to high risk of exposure to healthcare workers and leading to acute respiratory infections. After COVID-19 pandemic, management of AGPs have been reinforced and many innovations have occurred to minimize risk of airborne transmission during AGPs. In this article we will be discussing difference between aerosol and droplet, various AGPs, factors affecting transmission, various methods to minimize risk in AGPs etc.
A Dietary, Hydration, and Supplementation Intake Proposal for High-Performance Elite Soccer Players During a Match Day
Authors: Fernandes Haniel
Published: January 2023

Objective: Soccer is a highly demanding intermittent sport that involves fluctuations between low and high intensity activities. Therefore, soccer players are required to be adequately prepared both from the point of view of food, hydration, and supplementation to meet the match energy requirements. Materials and Methods: For the construction of this review, the author used, in addition to the works to reference the introduction, five of his published articles on soccer. Results: The carbohydrate prescription range from 5 to 10 gkg−1 BW day−1 and protein ingestion for improve Muscle Protein Synthesis (MPS) is 0.4 gkg−1 BW meal−1 using 4 meals day−1. When the subject is hydration for elite soccer players, it becomes interesting offer before match 5 to 7 mlkg-1 body weight 4 hours before and 3 to 5 ml kg-1 BW 2 hours before match. And to improve the performance of elite soccer athletes, the most studied ergogenic and dietary supplements by the scientific community are creatine (3-5 gday−1 or 0.075 gkg−1 BW day−1), caffeine (6 mgkg−1 BW), sodium bicarbonate (0.4 gkg−1 BW), beta-alanine (3.2-6.4 gday−1), nitrate-rich beet juice (6 mmol of NO3− L), taurine 50 mgkg−1 BW day−1), citrulline (1.2-3.4 gday−1) and arginine (1.2-6 gday−1). Conclusion: In summary, the high-performance elite soccer players during a match day can use creatine, caffeine, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, nitrate-rich beet juice, taurine, citrulline, arginine, including carbohydrate and protein prescription, and adjusted hydration.