Bacterial and mycological monitoring of fodder for poultry and pigs from different regions of Ukraine in 2022
Authors: Yaroshenko M. O. , Kolchyk O. V. 
Published: January 2025

The goal is to carry out bacterial and mycological monitoring of fodder for poultry and pigs from different regions of Ukraine in 2022. Determination of microbial contamination of fodder samples for poultry and pigs were carried out in accordance with Order of MAPFU No. 131 dated 19.03.2012. The identification of selected field isolates of bacteria was carried out according to generally accepted microbiological methods and Bergey’s Manual and SOP MC-03-2014 “Accelerated indication of pathogenic enterobacteria in biological material, fodder and objects of the external environment”. The degree of contamination of feed with microscopic fungi was determined by the number of colony-forming units (CFU) per 1 g of feed; the species affiliation of the isolated mycobiota was established by comparing the cultural and morphological features with the descriptions given in the determinants of micromycetes and with museum strains of test cultures. For the determination of bacterial contamination of 26 samples of compound feed for poultry, it was established that exceeding the permissible degree of contamination by bacterial microflora (more than 5.0×105 CFU in 1 g of feed) was found in 42.3% of samples (pathogenic enterobacteria — E. coli isolates were detected in 4 samples), respectively 57.7% of feeds had acceptable bacterial contamination. The indicator of total microbial contamination when the MPL in feed was exceeded was from 5.3×105 to 5.6×106 CFU in 1 g of feed. According to the results of bacteriological studies of 23 samples of feed for pigs, exceeding the permissible degree of contamination by bacterial microflora was found in 65.2% of the studied samples (sulfite-reducing clostridia were found in 6 samples), respectively, the degree of contamination within the limits of the MPL was at the level of 34.8%. Salmonella, pathogenic Yersinia and coagulase-positive S. aureus were not detected in all feed samples. The indicator of total microbial contamination when the MPL in feed was exceeded was from 6.3×105 to 46.0×105 CFU in 1 g of feed. During the mycological monitoring of 32 samples of compound feed for poultry found that 59.4% were of poor quality, 40.6% of feed with an acceptable degree of contamination. The main contaminants of feed were representatives of mold fungi of the genera Aspergillus Mich. — 48%, Penicillium Linc. — 23%, Fusarium Linc. — 5.6%, Mucoraceae family — 12.2%, representatives of other genera accounted for 11.2%. Toxigenic of micromycetes of the genus Aspergillus Mich. were presented by Asp. flavus, Asp. amstelodami, Asp. niger, Asp. fumigatus, Asp. glaucus, Asp. oryzae; genus Penicillium Linc. — types of Pen. lanosum, Pen. commune, genus Fusarium Linc. — Fusarium moniliforme. During the mycological monitoring of 29 samples of compound fodder for pigs, it was established that 62.1% were of poor quality, and 37.9% were contaminated with an acceptable degree of contamination. The main contaminants of feed were representatives of mold fungi of the genera Aspergillus Mich. — 53.8%, Penicillium Linc. — 17.8%, Fusarium Linc. — 8.2%, Mucoraceae family — 13.9%, representatives of other genera accounted for 6.3%. Toxigenic of micromycetes of the genus Aspergillus Mich. were presented by Asp. flavus, Asp. niger, Asp. sydowi, Asp. fumigatus, Asp. glaucus, Asp. oryzae, Asp. ochraceus; genus Penicillium Linc. — types of Pen. lanosum, Pen. commune, Pen. stoloniferum; genus Fusarium Linc. — Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum