bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN KONSENTRASI PROGESTERON SELAMA SIKLUS BIRAHI PADA DOMBA WARINGIN YANG DIINDUKSI PGF2α DAN KOMBINASI PGF2α DAN GnRH
Authors: Rahayu Yezi Gita , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Gholib Gholib , Thasmi Cut Nila , Herrialfian Herrialfian , Daud Razali , Zuhrawati Zuhrawati , Hamdan Hamdan , Rasmaidar Rasmaidar
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to compare the progesterone concentrations in Waringin sheep estrus cycle which induced by PGF2α or the combination of PGF2α and GnRH. This study used six Waringin sheep those were divided into twice groups, K1 and K2. K1(n=3) were injected by 7.5 mg PGF2α intramuscularly for 10 days, while K2 (n = 3) were injected by PGF2α and GnRH. On the first day K2 were injected by 7.5 mg PGF2α, then followed by injection 50 µg of GnRH on day 8th and re-injected by 7.5 mg PGF2α on day 15th. On day 18th, sample was re-injected using 50 µg GnRH. Waringin sheep those showed estrus symptoms were detected visually and with signs showed by sheep stud. Blood samples were taken on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day after the peak heat. The measurement of progesterone concentration was conducted by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed those the concentrations of progesterone on day 7th, 14th, and 21st on K1 vs K2 were 1.324±1.079, 7.607±8.922, and 5.220±1.653  vs 4.705±3.369, 4.184±5.512, and 1.797±0.898 ng/mL (P>0,05), respectively. In conclusion, the concentration of progesterone of Waringin sheep after inducing with PGF2α or combination PGF2α and GnRH at different cycle periode did not show differences. Keywords: Estrus Cycle, GnRH, PGF2α, Progesterone, Waringin Sheep
EFEK PENAMBAHAN LEVEL VITAMIN E DAN SELENIUM DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PERFORMA AYAM PETELUR YANG DIINSEMINASI BUATAN
Authors: Lidyawati Anna , Khopsoh Binti , Haryuni Nining
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of adding vitamin E and selenium as feed additives on the performance of artificially inseminated laying hens. The material used in this research was a 34-week-old laying hen strain of Isa Brown as many as 100 laying hens in artificial insemination. Artificial insemination was done by crossing buras chickens with females from laying hens. Artificial insemination was done every 4 days. This research used statistical analysis using ANOVA with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which used 5 treatments and 5 replications where each treatment and each replication consisted of 4 laying hens. If there is a real difference or very real influence,it will continued using Duncan's test. The treatment feed in this research are as follows: P0 = Basal Feed, P1 = Basal Feed + 21.75 ppm vitamin E and 0.23 ppm selenium, P2 = Basal Feed + 43.5 ppm vitamin E and 0.46 ppm selenium, P3 = Basal Feed + 65.25 ppm vitamin E and 0.69 ppm selenium, P4 = Basal Feed + 87 ppm vitamin E and 0.92 ppm selenium. The results obtained in this research were the addition of vitamin E and selenium in feed had a significant effect (P <0.05) on feed consumption and protein consumption, and also had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on Hen Day Production (HDP) and FCR, but it did not provide significant effect (P> 0.05) on egg weight. The best dose addition of vitamin E and selenium is vitamin E by 87 ppm and Selenium by 0.92 ppm. Keywords : Artificial Insemination, Feed Additives, Performance Of Laying Hens, Selenium, Vitamin E
STATUS REPRODUKSI DAN POTENSI SAPI SONOK DI KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: S. Nurlaila , B. Kurnadi , M. Zali , H. Nining
Published: September 2019

The method of data collection was done by interviewing farmers directly (respondents) using questionnaires. There were 4 subdistricts those were being the targets of the population, namely from 13 subdistricts in Pamekasan District were the locations for maintaining sonok cattle. Cluster proporsive sampling was determined by the sample of respondents, that was the method of sampling by setting characteristics those were in accordance with the objectives and criteria, namely all of the Sonok cattle those were kept by farmers in 4 subdistricts in Pamekasan District which were the centers for Sonok cattle breeding. The reproduction status of Sonok cattle in Pamekasan District was quite good. The first age of marriage was 23.40 ± 4.17, S / C 1.59 ± 0.53 times, the distance between young calf 14.50 ± 1.83 months, and the value of reproductive efficiency (ER) is 90.51%. The natural increase (NI) value of Sonok cattle in Pamekasan District in 2014 was 9.55%, the value of net replacement rate (NRR) was 101, 48%. The estimation result of Sonok cattle output was 8.24%. Madura cattle population dynamics at the Sonok cattle Nursery Center in Pamekasan District in the period of 2013 to 2017 experienced an average increase of 7.98% annually. The estimated results of the population dynamics from 2018 to 2022 were expected to increase annually by 9.18%. It was concluded that Sonok cattle in Pamekasan District still had the potential to increase the population and the output value was lower than NI (5.06% vs. 15.81%). Keywords : Pamekasan District, Reproduction Status, Natural Increase Value, Sonok Cattle, Questionnaire
PRODUKTIVITAS HIJAUAN YANG DITANAM PADA NAUNGAN POHON KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN TANAMAN CAMPURAN
Authors: Wijaya Agung Kusuma , Muhtarudin Muhtarudin , Liman Liman , Antika Cloudia , Febriana Dini
Published: September 2019

This research intended to determine the effect of palm oil tree shade and mixed planting on grass and leguminous on productivity.  This research has been done on March—June 2018 in Tanjung Agung Area, Katibung District, Kalianda, South Lampung. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with split plot design method.  The treatment was implemented in this research is (1) shading, consist of two levels, which are N0 (without shade) and N1 (palm oil tree shade) and (2) mixed plant species, consist of two variations; which is A1 (elephant grass and purple bush bean) and A2 (dwarf elephant grass and purple bush bean).  The data which obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance on 5% significant level, then if the result significantly difference, it were analyzed with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).  The results showed that palm oil shading has not significant effect on grass productivity. there is an interaction between the type of grass and oil palm shade on the number of elephant grass and odot grass tillers. The dry matter of grass on mixed planting on land without shade was significantly different with dry matter of grass on mixed planting in palm oil shade.  However, it has tendency to increase organic matter of grasss on palm oil shade. Keywords: Palm Oil Shade, Elephant Grass, Dwarf Elephant Grass, Mixing Grass, Productivity
PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DEDAK PADI
Authors: Marbun Febrina Grace Ivonne , Wiradimadja Rahmat , Hernaman Iman
Published: September 2019

The study aimed to determine the effect of storage time on the physical characteristics of rice bran. The study was carried out by the experimental method using a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were the length of storage, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The variables observed were the physical properties of rice bran which included specific density, bulk density, and compact bulk density and moisture content. The collected data was analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan’s test. The results showed that the storage time from week 0 to week 4 did not have a significant effect on the specific density, bulk density, and compact bulk density. The treatment of each other had a significant effect (P <0.05) increasing the rice bran moisture content. It was concluded that the length of storage increased the moisture content with the regression equation y = 1.0963X + 8.728 with R2 = 0.7602, r = 0.8719, but did not affect the physical characteristics of rice bran. Keywords: Density, Moisture Content, Physical Characteristics, Rice Bran, Storage Time
IDENTIFIKASI UKURAN TUBUH DAN KUALITAS SEMEN SAPI KUANTAN JANTAN
Authors: Yendraliza Yendraliza , Abadi Husnul , Misrianti Restu , Ali Arsyadi , Effendi Anwar
Published: September 2019

Kuantan cattle is one of the Indonesia's local cattle originating from Riau Province. This research were aimed to determine the average body size and test the fresh semen quality of Kuantan cattle. Measurements of Kuantan cattle body were carried out in 16 adult bulls by observing body length, chest circumference, and shoulder height. Semen quality testing was carried out on four years old bulls with ±150kg weight with the parameters are odor, color, pH, volume, consistency and degrees of viscosity, motility, viability and abnormality. The results showed that the average body size of cattle in Kuantan included body length (cm), chest circumference (cm) and shoulder height (cm) of Kuantan cattle were 88.45 ± 3.92, 119.77 ± 16.18 and 98.94 ± 10.28, while motility, viability, abnormalities were 75.00%, 81.33%, 6.8%. The conclusions of this study were Kuantan cattle body size in small size and the semen feasible to be diluted into frozen semen. Keywords: Body Size, Semen Quality, Kuantan Cattle
SUMBER DAYA INTERNAL PETERNAK SAPI PERAH DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP DINAMIKA KELOMPOK DAN KONTEKS KERENTANAN
Authors: Amam Amam , Jadmiko M. Wildan , Harsita Pradiptya Ayu , Widodo Nur , Poerwoko M. Setyo
Published: September 2019

This research aims to find out the influence of dairy farmer’s internal resources on group dynamics and vulnerability context of dairy farming business. The research was conducted at the animal husbandry institution Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang in Pujon Subdistrict, Malang District, East Java Province on October - December 2018. The research variables consisted of financial resources (X1), technological resources (X2), physical resources (X3), group dynamics (Z1), and the context of vulnerability of dairy farming business (Y1). The respondents were all KUB member dairy farmers, namely 174 dairy farmers. Data were analyzed by the SEM (Structural Equation Model) method using SmartPLS 2.0. The results showed that the accessibility of dairy farmers to internal resources affected group dynamics by 33%, while vulnerability context of dairy farming business was influenced by the dairy farmer’s internal resources and group dynamics by 30.3%. The conclusion of the research showed the role of resources could influence to group dynamics and vulnerability context of dairy farming business. Keywords: Dairy Cattle, Farming Business, Group Dynamics, Internal Resources, Vulnerability Context
IDENTIFIKASI TOTAL MIKROBA, CEMARAN Escherichia coli DAN NILAI pH SUSU PASTEURISASI YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Puspitarini Oktavia Rahayu , Mubarakati Nurul Jadid
Published: September 2019

Malang is a rich culinary city of livestock products such as pasteurized milk. The purposes of this study were analyzed total microbes, contamination of Escherichia coli and pH of pasteurized milk produced by milk store, village unit cooperation milk house and STMJ cafe in Malang. The method of this research were survey and experiment. The samples were took from milk store (P1), village unit cooperation milk house (P2) and STMJ café (P3)  in Malang during 4 days. The data analysis of total microbial and pH using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) while Escherichia coli data was analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results showed that there were a real influence (P<0,05) of milk producers on total microbes and pH. Escherichia coli contaminant from three producers were showed the same results which were less than 3 apm/ml. The conclusions of this study were total microbes and contamination of Escherichia coli original pasteurized milk produced by milk store, village unit cooperation milk house and STMJ cafe under the limit of microbial contamination on food. Microbiological quality in terms of total microbes, and contamination of Escherichia coli pasteurized milk by milk store in Malang City were classified to national standard of pasteurized milk in Indonesia. Keywords: Total Microbes, Escherichia coli, pH, Pasteurized Milk, Malang City
RESPONS FISIOLOGIS DAN KETAHANAN PANAS KAMBING BOERAWA DAN PERANAKAN ETTAWA PADA MODIFIKASI IKLIM MIKRO KANDANG MELALUI PENGKABUTAN
Authors: Qisthon Arif , Hartono Madi
Published: September 2019

This research aimed to study the effect of microclimate modification of pensby misting and the goats breeds (Boer and Ettawa crossbreeds) on physiological responses to adapt to the hot  environments. The study was conducted from August-September 2018 at the UPTD Goat Breeding Center, Lampung Plantation and Livestock Service Office located in Negeri Sakti, Pesawaran Regency. The study used a split plot design in completely randomized design. Two treatments were applied in this study, namely modification of the pen consisting of pens without misting and pens with misting and the goat breed namely Boerawa and Ettawa crossbreed (PE). Twelve female goats were used in this study, each of six Boerawa and PE respectively. The parameters observed were microclimate conditions, namely air temperature,relative humidity, and Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and physiological responses consisted of respiration rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC). The results showed that there was no effect of the interaction between the treatment of misting and the breeds of goat on respiration rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and HTC. Misting can improve air temperature, THI, respiration rate and HTC, on the other hand, does not affect the heart rate and rectal temperature. Goat breed has no effect on all physiological responses. Thus, modification of the microclimate by misting effectively maintains body temperature under normal conditions and increases the adaptability of goats to hot environments. Keywords: Physiological Responses, Microclimate Conditions, Microclimate Modification, Misting
TATA NIAGA PEMASARAN AYAM PEDAGING POLA MANDIRI DI KECAMATAN RASAU JAYA KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Karpriana Angga Permadi , Tribudi Yuli Arif
Published: September 2019

Livestock is one of the agricultural sub-sectors. Currently, broiler farming business attacks have many attention for researchers to be studied. Trading system becomes an integral part in the entire business activity, so do in broiler farming business. The trading system in broiler farming business is included in the downstream agribusiness sub-system so the farmers are able to be easier in distributing their livestock products to consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trading system of broiler chicken with self-operating model in Rasau Jaya sub-district, Kubu Raya district, West Kalimantan from January to March 2018. Total of 32 livestock keepers and 8 traders were used as samples. Both of the primary and secondary data were collected. This study was performed using descriptive survey method. Snowball sampling method was also applied for sample collection. Trading system of broiler farming business in the studied location is divided into two channels. Channel I consisted of breeders, collectors, consumers, while Channel II consisted of farmers, collectors, retailers, consumers. It could be concluded that channel II was more complex than Channel 1 because in Channel II there was a retailer that had a function as intermediary between traders and consumers. Keywords: Broiler Chicken, Farming Bussiness, Marketing, Self-Operating Model, Trading System
As lutas femininas por educação, igualdade e cidadania
Authors: Almeida Jane
Published: September 2019

As mulheres sempre lutaram por direitos que lhes foram negados num mundo construído sob a autoridade masculina. Os vários movimentos feministas mostraram que nessas lutas, além do direito político ao voto, as mulheres reivindicaram educação, instrução, igualdade e cidadania, o que lhes possibilitariam o trânsito da esfera doméstica para o espaço público. Este artigo realiza uma breve trajetória sobre esse movimento baseado nas reivindicações femininas, e conclui que, apesar das conquistas que foram efetivadas, ainda resta muito por fazer nesse plano, no qual a educação desempenha importante papel.

Palavras-chave: mulheres; educação; feminismo; cidadania.

Abstract

Women have always fought for rights that were denied to them in a world built under the masculine authority. Besides the political right to vote, several feminist movements showed that in those fights. Women demanded education, instruction, equality and citizenship, which would facilitate their transition from the domestic sphere to the public space. This article reports a brief trajectory about that movement based on the feminine revindications. It concludes that, in spite of the conquests that were accomplished, there are still much to be done in this area, in which education plays important part.

Keyword: women; education; feminism; citizenship.
A família como um locus educacional: perspectivas para um trabalho psicoeducacional
Authors: Szymanski Heloisa
Published: September 2019

Apresenta a Educação para Família como um campo de investigação e prática profissional em Educação e Psicologia. Critica a visão naturalizada de família, enfatizando sua condição de fenômeno social e histórico, além de desempenhar uma função socializadora e educacional. Aponta para a necessidade de se desenvolverem pesquisas e de se oferecerem programas de atenção nessa área, no sentido de subsidiar a ação educacional dos pais. Indica a proposta de Paulo Freire aplicada à Educação para Família como referencial teórico para pesquisas na área, na suposição de que aquela oferece condições para a implementação de uma prática favorável ao desenvolvimento social e afetivo no ambiente familiar. Nas considerações finais, indicam alguns pressupostos que podem orientar o trabalho de pesquisa e intervenção.

Palavras-chave: família e educação; diálogo em família; função educativa da família.

Abstract

This article presents Family Education as a field of research and professional practice in Education and Psychology. It criticises the naturalistic perspective that bears the supposition that the educational role of the family can be naturally performed by parents and women, in particular. That institution is considered here as a social and historical phenomenon, with a socialising and educational goal. The approach of Paulo Freire applied to Family Education is proposed as a theoretical framework to develop research, and as a privileged way to implement an educational practice that favours social and affective development. The final considerations point to some presuppositions, based on Freire's ideas that can orientate research and intervention projects.

Keywords: family and education; dialogue in family; ducational family practices.
O dispêndio com a instrução elementar no Império
Authors: Carnielli Beatrice
Published: September 2019

Aborda a evolução da receita e despesas do Governo Central e províncias, no período do Império, visando avaliar a intensidade do esforço do poder público no financiamento da instrução primária. A partir dos dados disponíveis, busca analisar, principalmente, os reflexos na cobertura do atendimento escolar primário do Ato Adicional de 1834, que descentralizou para as províncias a responsabilidade por aquele nível de ensino. Conclui que o dispêndio com a instrução primária situava-se em patamares compatíveis com os atuais e sugere que a explicação pela baixa escolarização da população, no período, deve ser buscada em fatores socioeconômicos e não, primordialmente, na alocação de recursos públicos.

Palavras-chave: história da educação; financiamento da educação.

Abstract
The article reflects the income and expenses of the Central Government and its Provinces during the empire period. It focuses on the evaluation of the public power effort in financing of Basic Education. With the available data, it also seeks the impact analysis in Basic Education attention, considering the additional act of 1834 that decentralized the responsibility for that level of education. In conclusion, it discourse that the Basic Education expenses is situated in a compatible platform and explains that the low attendance in recent periods is related with social economical factors and not necessarily because of public resources allocation.

Keywords: education history; education financing.
A metodologia de amostragem do Saeb
Authors: Riether Marcus M. , Rauter Raíssa
Published: September 2019

Apresenta, sob um enfoque simplificado, a metodologia de amostragem do Saeb, enfatizando particularidades relacionadas com o ciclo de 2001 e buscando esclarecer o leitor em relação a alguns dos pontos considerados mais importantes, tais como população de referência, estágios, esquemas de seleção de unidades amostrais e métodos de análise de dados de amostras complexas. Tópicos como precisão amostral, que envolvem discussões corriqueiras sobre a não-publicação de resultados individuais por escola ou a repetição de escolas que participaram do Saeb 1999, também são discutidos. Citam-se, ainda, casos de institutos de pesquisa sediados em outros países e que utilizam metodologias de amostragem semelhantes a do Saeb. Por fim, são apresentadas sugestões para o Saeb em suas futuras realizações.

Palavras-chave: amostras complexas; coordenação de amostras; amostragem seqüencial de Poisson; números aleatórios permanentes.

Abstract

This paper presents a simplified version of the Saeb sampling methodology, emphasizing particularities of its cycle of 2001, and aiming at making clear to the reader some of its main points, such as target population, stages, sampling schemes and data analyses methods applied to complex samples. Topics like precision of estimates, that involve customary discussions about the avoidance in publishing schools' individual results or the sample overlap with the Saeb 1999 are also discussed. Cases of international research institutes that make use of sampling methodologies similar to that of Saeb are also mentioned. To finish, we present suggestions to Saeb in its future realizations.

Keywords: complex samples; sample overlap; sequential Poisson sampling;
permanent random numbers.
Euclides Roxo e o movimento de reforma do ensino de Matemática na década de 30
Authors: De Carvalho João Bosco , Werneck Ana Paula , Enne Deborah , Costa Mônica , Cruz Priscilla Rangel
Published: September 2019

Mostra como as idéias do educador brasileiro Euclides Roxo, determinantes para a elaboração dos programas de Matemática das reformas Campos e Capanema, enquadram-se no movimento renovador da Escola Nova e seguem as idéias do matemático alemão Felix Klein sobre a modernização do ensino da Matemática. Euclides Roxo contrapõe à orientação geral do ensino de Matemática da época, caracterizado por uma apresentação seca, abstrata e lógica, uma proposta pedagógica que leva em conta os interesses do aluno e seu estágio de desenvolvimento cognitivo e enfatiza a intuição, além de contextualizar a Matemática, deixando o tratamento rigoroso do assunto para níveis mais avançados da aprendizagem.

Palavras-chave: história da educação no Brasil; história do ensino de Matemática; Euclides Roxo.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to show how the ideas of the Brazilian educator Euclides Roxo, which were decisive for the educational reforms made by Francisco Campos and Gustavo Capanema belong to the "Escola Nova" movement and also follow the ideas of the German mathematician Felix Klein about the modernization of mathematics teaching. Euclides Roxo, contrary to the accepted mathematics teaching methods of his time, which were formal abstract and logic, proposes to take in account the students' interests, their cognitive level and stresses intuition and contextualization, postponing a rigorous treatment of the subject to more advanced school levels.

Keywords: history of education in Brazil; history of mathematics teaching; Euclides Roxo.
Infância, catequese e aculturação no Brasil do século 16
Authors: Bittar Marisa , Júnior Amarílio
Published: September 2019

Discute as formas de imposição do padrão cultural ocidental-cristão nas terras brasílicas durante o século 16. Os jesuítas, nos marcos da Contra-Reforma, atuaram como uma espécie de "intelectuais orgânicos" do sistema colonial português. A princípio, a ação jesuítica centrou-se na catequese e na educação das crianças índias e mamelucas, procurando, por meio delas, atrair seus pais para os princípios cristãos. As crianças foram objeto central da pedagogia jesuítica. Na ação de catequese propriamente dita, os padres combatiam os elementos centrais da cultura indígena: a antropofagia, a nudez, a poligamia e o nomadismo. A escola do bê-á-bá, no século 16, constitui, pois, um dos pilares ideológicos sobre o qual se consolidou a ordem colonial portuguesa no Brasil.

Palavras-chave: catequese jesuítica; dominação cultural; crianças indígenas.

Abstract

This article discusses the forms of imposition of the western Christian cultural standard of Brazil during the XVI century. The Jesuits, in the steps of the Counter Reform, served as types of "organic intellectuals" of the colonial Portuguese system. In the beginning, the Jesuit action centred on the catechism and on the education of Indian and mameluke children, seeking, through them, to attract their parents to Christian principles. The children were the central object of Jesuit pedagogy. Within the catechism specifically, the priests combated the central elements of indigenous culture: anthropophagi, nakedness, polygamy, and of the nomadic way of life. The elementary school in the XVI century thus constituted one of the ideological pillars on which the colonial Portuguese order was consolidated in Brazil.

Keywords: jesuit catechism; cultural domination; indigenous children.
Desafios de uma rádio universitária diante do compromisso com a educação e a cidadania
Authors: Bukowitz Natercia de Souza
Published: September 2019

A visita dos graduandos em Pedagogia ao estúdio da Rádio da Universidade Católica de Petrópolis tem ocorrido no contexto de aulas-passeio, prática concebida por Freinet, surgindo questões relacionadas com a possibilidade do uso pedagógico da Rádio. A inserção dos universitários levaria os ouvintes ao exercício da cidadania, hipótese do presente estudo. Situações ligadas a crenças, status e poder nos remeteram à Teoria das Representações Sociais. Apoiando-nos na Hermenêutica da Profundidade, a investigação deu-se em dois níveis: a partir dos emissores e dos receptores das mensagens. Opiniões do coordenador da emissora ermitiram, no sentido a que Thompson refere-se, identificar a ideologia subjacente à formação das representações para "cultura" e "educação". Resultados revelaram haver coerência entre conteúdos veiculados na programação e a ideologia presente na administração centralizadora da emissora. Índices de audiência assinalam a necessidade de reformulação das mensagens, reivindicação dos grupos pesquisados, em defesa de uma Rádio que promova a cidadania, difundindo a cultura e a educação.

Palavras-chave: rádio; cidadania; cultura; ideologia; educação.

Abstract

The visit of the students to be graduated in Pedagogy to the studio of Radio UCP has been happening on the context of "journey-classes", an experience conceived by Freinet, raising questions related to the possibility of pedagogical sage of this Radio. An insertion of university students would lead its listeners to a citizenship exercise, hypothesis of this study. Situations related to beliefs, status and power remitted us to the Theory of Social Representations. Looking for methodological support in Hermeneutics of Depth, the investigation occurred in two levels: from the emitting and receptors of the messages. Opinions coming from the broadcasting station co-ordinator allowed us to identify the ideology underlying to the background of representations to "culture" and "education". Results revealed existence of logical consistency between contents spread throughout the programme and ideology that makes itself present on the centralising administration of the broadcasting station. Rates of audience points out a need of rewording messages - claimed by researched groups - in defense of a Radio that promotes citizenship, outspreading culture and education.

Keywords: radio; citizenship; culture; ideology; education.
Uncertainty of Psychological and Spatial Identity: A Study on the Novel of Bharati Mukherjee’s Wife and Jasmine”
Authors: Jack Daniel
Published: September 2019

This review assess Dr. Rajib Bhaumik’s research on diasporic writer Bharati Mukherjee’s wife and Jasmine.  Diaspora refers to those people who live in other countries leaving their birth place and their writings still revolves around their homeland.  The diasporic mood refers to the transcultural restlessness of the writers.  The transcultural narratives possess a serious challenge to the cultural stability of the metropolitan centers.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Secara Fisikokimia Sedian Krim Anti-Aging
Authors: Maya Ira , Mutakin Mutakin
Published: September 2019

Penuaan secara alamiah terjadi pada makhluk hidup. Efek dari proses penuaan pada manusia adalah terjadinya gangguan secara fisik seperti kehilangan elastisitas kulit sehingga kulit menjadi keriput dan juga hiperpigmentasi. Sebagai upaya dalam mencegah maupun mengatasi hal tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat menginhibisi terjadinya reaksi oksidasi sel sehingga dapat mengurangi kerusakan sel dan penuaan dini. Beberapa tumbuhan yang telah diteliti memiliki potensi sebagai antiaging adalah mahkota dewa, sirih, narwastu, rambutan, jagung, ubi jalar, kelor, raspberi, anggur dan lengkeng. Untuk memudahkan penggunaan tanaman tersebut sebagai antioksidan, bentuk sediaan kosmetik merupakan pilihan utama yang dapat digunakan secara mudah dan nyaman. Bentuk sediaan kosmetik dapat berupa sediaan gel, krim, bedak, salep dan losion. Review artikel ini akan memaparkan formulasi sediaan krim anti-aging yang mengandung zat aktif dari ekstrak tanaman. Review artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian komparatif dengan mengumpulkan berbagi sumber pustaka primer dari 18 jurnal penelitian. Hasil review ini mengindikasikan bahwa semua krim yang diformulasikan stabil secara fisikokimia dengan tidak adanya tanda-tanda kerusakan bentuk sediaan emulsi dan perubahan sifat fisikokimia selama uji stabilitas dilaksanakan. Sehingga formula ini berpotensi digunakan dalam pengembangan formula sediaan krim yang mengandung zat aktif dari ekstrak tanaman. Kata kunci: Anti-aging, Sediaan Krim, Ekstrak
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (Poaceae), novedad para Andalucía (España)
Authors: Muñoz Rodríguez Adolfo F. , Sánchez Gullón Enrique , Devesa Alcaraz Juan Antonio
Published: September 2019

Se cita como novedad corológica para Andalucía Dactyloctenium aegyptium(L.) Willd. (Poaceae), xenófito efemerófito nativo de las zonas tropicales y subtropicales de África y Asia.Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (Poaceae), new for Andalusia (Spain)Palabras clave: Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Poaceae, novedad para Andalucia (España)Key words: Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Poaceae, novelty for Andalusia (Spain)
Narcissus serotinus Loefl. ex L. (Amaryllidaceae), confirmed for the province of Cádiz (Andalusia, Spain)
Authors: López-Tirado Javier , González-Armenteros Javier
Published: September 2019

Narcissus serotinus Loefl. ex L. (Amaryllidaceae), especie confirmada para la provincia de Cádiz (Andalucía, España)Key words: Chorology, Amaryllidaceae, Narcissus serotinus, Cádiz.Palabras clave: Corología, Amaryllidaceae, Narcissus serotinus, Cádiz.
Multimodality imaging findings of visceral myopathy in a child presenting with palpable abdominal mass
Authors: Bayramoğlu Zuhal , Yılmaz Ravza , Demir Ali Aslan , Ataizi-Çelikel Çigdem , Kombak Faruk Erdem , İkinci Aygün , Yekeler Ensar
Published: September 2019

Visceral myopathy is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction characterized by intestinal dysmotility and constipation. Patients often present with recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting and abdominal distension. We report a rare case of visceral myopathy in a child presenting with intraabdominal mass. We aimed to describe ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance enterography findings of this rare disease that has not been demonstrated before. Differential diagnosis of mural thickening with distinguishable layers in addition to intestinal dilatation in the absence of mesenteric inflammation includes visceral myopathy.
ARBITRAGEM E ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA: ALGUMAS QUESTÕES CONTROVERTIDAS
Authors: Pinho Humberto Dalla Bernardina de , Mazzola Marcelo
Published: September 2019

O artigo analisa algumas questões controvertidas no âmbitoda arbitragem envolvendo a Administração Pública e procura respondera algumas das questões mais complexas que tem surgido desde o adventoda Lei n° 13.129/2015, sempre tendo em vista a necessária interface como Código de Processo Civil.
US policy toward Syria between the Obama and Trump administrations .. Transformation and determinants
Authors: Merie Muthanna Faeq
Published: September 2019

The United States has its own policy towards Syria and the developments and events that directly affect its interests in the Middle East, and has been keen to invest what is happening in Syria to achieve these interests, or at the very least to ensure that its repercussions do not affect its vital interests and its allies in Syria itself. However, this policy has not been the same because of the continuation of the conflict in the Syrian arena since March 2011, which coincided with the reigns of the Democratic administrations of Barack Obama and Donald Trump Republican and thus different trends in US policies internally and externally. Mrakih of the importance and influence the course of events and the conflict in Syria and its future and its impact on the regional and international oceans, will follow the nature of this policy and its transformations between the administrations of Barack Obama and Donald Trump and the determinants that have affected them.
The disparities of supra regional interactions and the limits movement of International actors An evaluation vision for the future of Middle East
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed Adnan
Published: September 2019

The article had been tackled the current international community which suffered from the chaos of conflicts and wars that have resulted from successive crises ; because of the hard circumstances which seemed noticeable in the Middle East and elsewhere .

So that we couldn’t  see any development in the re- production of effective means and guarantors for the security and stability of the dynamics of the supra-regional interactions which were moving by the divergences of interests and its contradictions and disparities alike ; but sometimes we found many kinds of conflicts and wars that were administered by proxy. And from another hand, we witnessed another patterns of international and direct regional intervention , So the last form of wars , as such as we found a prevalent interpolation inside the Syrian war, the Yemeni war, and the Libyan war and so on .

The article had researched about the fears and warnings of supra regional great-powers (Russia, China, etc.) to limit the ineffectiveness and effectiveness of international variables on the level of international politics for controlling over the stability of the Middle East consequently. Especially after the events as known as the Arab spring revolutions since 2011, owing to the spread of a new phase of intense rivalries that confirmed the oscillating probabilities between the conflict and cooperation alike .

All of these developments led to the loss of opportunities for cooperation in the final outcome due to the delay in settling these types of conflicts and wars as result of the imbalance within the form of alliances between the powerful actors (the powers of the emerging regional and the international actors alike), which seek to secure its influence even at the expense of the stability in Middle east (The reality of political settlements that came from outside the frontiers). Furthermore , The strategic orientations remain aligned in a parallel with the political alliances (the Iranian-Turkish regional role supported by Russia) to be done in front of  the regional role of the Arab Gulf states that supported by the United States of America .

Finally , the frameworks of the cooperation and conflict began to discuss broadly for the future of the Middle East, where the interests of the superpowers were intertwined with the interests of the supra regional powers, without making any significant progress towards solving the recent problems and pending crises that threaten the security of the region as thoroughly . And for dealing with the most dangerous issues and matters of the whole region , as such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and how to rebuilding the peace within societies in the post wars period that erupted ultimately  in the middle east region  .
International and regional rivalry in the Horn of Africa - East Africa and its reflection on security in the Middle East
Authors: Alwan Al - Saeedi Saad Obaid , Abdualkareem Mustafa
Published: September 2019

The researchers focused on armed conflicts, humanitarian disasters and poverty when they looked at areas such as the largely interconnected Horn of Africa and East Africa, ignoring the strategic importance of these areas in regional and international security.

In fact, this region is only geographically, politically, economically and security to compete at all levels and is affected by the dynamics of conflict and international and regional cooperation and its external variables.

Since the major discoveries of energy sources in the Middle East and the increasing importance of sea lanes, the region has become increasingly important in international and regional strategies.

The importance of the Middle East region as part of the strategies of the international and regional powers has become at the heart of the foreign political goals of these forces, which not only strengthened their influence in the Middle East, but also extended their plans to neighboring regions in order to ensure their survival within the framework of competition in the Middle East or to protect their vital interests.

Among the most interconnected areas of the Horn of Africa - East Africa is the Middle East and Arab countries close to them in particular, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Sudan.

There is no doubt that the objectives of the international and regional forces competing in this region have serious repercussions on the Arab regional security, especially in the Red Sea and the corridors related to it and from this race and international and regional scramble to get a real basis for the exercise of roles in this region and the extent of reflection on the overall security in the region Middle East stems from the importance of the subject.
US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model
Authors: Noori Esraa Aladdin , Ahmed Nasser Zain AlAbidine
Published: September 2019

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.
Civil society organizations and peace building in Iraq after 2003 Assistant
Authors: Saeed Qassim Alwan
Published: September 2019

Civil society organizations are among the most important non-official institutions independent of state authority. Today, they are a cultural necessity and a social force that has no special goals. It has lofty goals and principles, including the establishment of a culture of dialogue and peaceful coexistence and the consolidation of the values of citizenship and human rights         

       The period following the events of 2003 witnessed the establishment of a large number of these organizations in Iraq because of the political evolution and the accompanying democratic and political parties and the change in the structure and management of the system. These organizations played a large role in Iraq after 2003 to the occupation of a large Iraq, which requires directing the resources of the state for the liberation of Iraqi territory, and the elimination of this organization, as these organizations to play a major role in building peace and the transformation of conflict and prevent the arrival of violence through the creation of an appropriate environment and address the factors and the dynamics of this conflict from In the development of a comprehensive approach, and rehabilitation of Iraqi society, which is suffering from a new type of relations based on suspicion and suspicion, after the foundations of community coexistence in Iraq were hit                            

  Peace building and resolution of conflicts, especially the major ones, which often have multiple causes, require great efforts by the State, civil society organizations and individuals, as well as international support, by studying the causes of these conflicts and exploring the root causes of violence and applying methods based on the cooperation of the parties to the conflict In a satisfactory manner, taking into account the cultural and religious diversity of all parties. This is done by providing the appropriate political, economic, social, cultural and security environment to reduce the violence and avoid returning it again by forcing individuals to reconsider their values and perhaps some of their extremist ideas. They have inherited it through their dealings with Qadash during the period of control over their areas, the decline of state authority, and the achievement of human security based on the citizen, to build peace, which is one of the main pillars in rebuilding the country that has been subjected to wars in order to get rid of the effects of conflicts and conflicts. And not to return to the future and ensure the security of the countries of the world.
The concept of Middle Eastern Arab state Between democratic transformation and political participation
Authors: Abdul Karim Asaad Abdul Wahab , Kaiem Hashim Zamil
Published: September 2019

The forms and characteristics of the Arab state vary according to the different forms of government represented within the Middle East system, from the monarchies, republics and emirates at the level of the general state, or tyrannies, oligarchies, tribal singles, and nervous individuals at the level of the private state. For this diversity in shapes and differences in characteristics.
The Federal Government The Kurdistan Regional Government after the Islamic State (ISIS)
Authors: Adham Kamal Hussein
Published: September 2019

The federal government Kurdistan government after period of ISIS The relationship between the federal government and Kurdistan government no fixed in relationship and witness some vibration in region prime minister Nori al maliky and relocate to period of prime minister Hider al ibady . And the beginning of fighting extreme groups of ISIS . and the beginning of establishing  international coalition to fighting thesis groups . and try to solve problems of distribution of resource finance of Iraqi oil sells.  for theses this research want to study the frame of legal and constitutional  between the federal and regional government  which depend on decentralization in administration and distribution authorities between the center and the regional  and give wide authorities to regional to the constitution of 2005.which gives the executive. parliamentary . judicial . the constitute on decentralization . and was studied in the first chapter in title legal frame and constitutional establish of federal and regional government . and the second chapter studied  the security problems during the active of the groups of ISIS which resulted disputes between the central and regional government which led to  plebiscite in Kurdistan  to leave Iraq . the third chapter will study the active administration to the central and regional government beside the introduction and conclusions which may be help the Iraqis estate .
The geostrategic importance of Sudan in the Israeli strategic perception
Authors: Muttlak Humam Kudhair , Mohi Aldeen Rasha Dhafer
Published: September 2019

Sudan is characterized by its dynamic and diverse geographical, social, ethnic and ethnic characteristics in its residential complexes, lifestyle and natural and human resources. However, since its creation and establishment of its territories, it has conflicting elements and conflicting forces. Israel seeks various means to penetrate Africa because it is part of its ambitions, which extend from the Euphrates to the Nile. The Red Sea is of great importance to Israel's commercial and strategic interests. Israel also needs to support African countries in confronting the Arab and Islamic countries. Israel's policy moves within a complex set of motives and objectives, some declared and others undeclared. This is evident in its policy in the Middle East in general and Sudan in particular. Israel has pursued various means to prevent the Red Sea from being an Arab lake, The impact of the adoption of various policies vary between control and occupation of areas overlooking the Red Sea, and the destabilization of security and stability in order to serve their security interests, taking advantage of international changes and regional balances. The international variable has a direct impact on the competition for vital areas in the Middle East in general and Sudan in particular, especially in light of the entanglement and complexity between the competing parties and the search for a vital area in areas with geostrategic bases. Although Israel has no common borders with Sudan, it has from the outset made Sudan part of its broader strategy of believing that a united Sudan would support the causes of its Arab nation and help in weighing a balance of power for the Arabs in their conflict with it. The parties were then cut off from the legacy of British colonialism, which was called the "divide and conquer" policy in its dealings with the minorities and separatist movements in Sudan. This was clearly manifested in southern Sudan, which later became a state and also in Darfur.
The role of citizenship in building a strong state "Iraq as a model"
Authors: Fadhil Raed Rabie
Published: September 2019

Citizenship is a social, legal and political association that contributed significantly to the development of the human society besides promoting the state to equality, justice and equity, in the sense that it is not an ethnic or religious one. There are constitutions that regulate the lives of citizens and preserve their various rights and have duties towards their state, in the sense that they preserve the state's rights towards citizens, and lead to increased confidence in the citizen and the state towards one another. 

     Therefore, citizenship is not only texts and documents, but holds responsibility on an equal footing, and prioritize the public interests of society and the state over private interests by respecting laws and laws and protecting the state when it is in danger, which creates a positive, effective and continuous citizenship, and establishes a partnership in the development of society through Citizen and state at the same time.