bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive survey on modeling of cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Graja Imen , Kallel Slim , Guermouche Nawal , Cheikhrouhou Saoussen , Hadj Kacem Ahmed
Published: October 2018

Modeling Cyber‐physical systems (CPS) is a challenging step that requires a lot of background from both the cyber and physical fields. However, there is a lack of studies in the existing literature that discuss the state of the art in modeling CPS or explore the research gaps in this area. In this paper, we survey existing approaches to modeling CPS. We focus on studying the considered CPS properties. Based on this study, we classify these properties and discuss their importance in different application domains. Moreover, research directions are presented to address key challenges in the specification of CPS models.
Ribonucleoprotein Transfection for CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Gene Knockout in Primary T Cells
Authors: Oh Soyoung A. , Seki Akiko , Rutz Sascha
Published: October 2018

CRISPR/Cas9 has enabled the rapid and efficient generation of gene knockouts across various cell types of several species. T cells are central players in adaptive immune responses. Gene editing in primary T cells not only represents a valuable research tool, but is also critical for next generation immunotherapies, such as CAR T cells. Broad application of CRIPSR/Cas9 for gene editing in primary T cells has been hampered by limitations in transfection efficiency and the requirement for TCR stimulation. In this article, we provide a detailed protocol for Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) transfection of primary mouse and human T cells without the need for TCR stimulation that achieves near complete loss of target gene expression at the population level. This approach enables rapid target discovery and validation in both mouse and human primary T cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Photocatalysis in the Dark: Near‐Infrared Light Driven Photoredox Catalysis by an Upconversion Nanoparticle/Photocatalyst System
Authors: Freitag Matthias , Möller Nadja , Rühling Andreas , Strassert Cristian A. , Ravoo Bart Jan , Glorius Frank
Published: October 2018

Herein, we present a novel upconversion nanoparticle/photocatalyst system for infrared‐light‐initiated photoredox catalysis. A tailor‐made, metal‐based photoredox catalyst was immobilized by ligand exchange to stabilize NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles. The absorption properties of the immobilized photoredox catalyst were only negligibly changed and the particles could excite the photoredox catalyst by energy transfer, determined by extensive luminescence spectroscopy and excited‐state lifetime measurements using a 980 nm near‐infrared laser excitation source. The system successfully catalyzed a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ promoted oxidation reaction, normally performed with visible light, by using 980 nm near‐infrared light. Neither the complex nor the particle without immobilized complex was active in this reaction. The presented system enables potential in vivo application of photoredox catalysis, utilizing the biological window of tissues for near‐infrared light by combining the mildness of photoredox catalysis and near‐infrared light.
Application of immunophenotypic analysis in distinguishing chronic myelomonocytic leukemia from reactive monocytosis
Authors: Feng Ru , Bhatt Vijaya Raj , Fu Kai , Pirruccello Samuel , Yuan Ji
Published: October 2018

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine whether immunophenotypic profiles detected by flow cytometry are useful in differentiating chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) from reactive monocytosis, and between CMML subtypes.

Methods

Eight‐color flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype blasts, monocytes, and granulocytes in the bone marrow of 34 patients with CMML and 12 patients with reactive monocytosis.

Results

Bone marrow myeloblast, promonocyte, and monocyte counts by flow cytometry were significantly higher in the CMML group than in the reactive monocytosis group. Myeloblast aberrancies were present in all CMML patients as compared with 2 of 12 (16.7%) reactive monocytosis patients (P < 0.001). The number of blast aberrancies ranged from one to nine (median, four) in CMML patients and 94.1% of CMML cases exhibited ≥ two aberrancies. In contrast, two reactive monocytosis cases showed only one phenotypic abnormality of blasts. Monocyte and granulocyte aberrancies were present in 26 of 34 (76.5%) and in 31 of 34 (91.2%) CMML patients, respectively. Decreased side scatter (SSC) and abnormal CD11b/CD13/CD16 maturation pattern in granulocytes were more frequent in CMML than in reactive monocytosis. No significant differences in antigen expression were detected between the CMML subtypes except that altered CD45/SSC pattern on the blasts was more commonly observed in CMML‐0/1 than in CMML‐2.

Conclusions

CMML has phenotypic aberrancies in monocytes, granulocytes, and more frequently in myeloblasts. Aberrant expression of two or more antigens in myeloblasts by flow cytometry has a high sensitivity (94.1%) and a high specificity (100%) to differentiate CMML from reactive monocytosis. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Evidence of a role for functional heterogeneity in multidrug resistance transporters in clinical trials of P‐glycoprotein modulation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Marcelletti John F. , Sikic Branimir I. , Cripe Larry D. , Paietta Elisabeth
Published: October 2018

Background

Multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter proteins such as P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) efflux a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts leading to clinical drug resistance.

Methods

This study examined heterogeneity of MDR functional efflux by AML blasts using two flow cytometry bioassays. Bone marrow specimens (N = 50) from elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML were analyzed for CD34+ blasts with MDR efflux function. Efflux was measured with a fluorescent dye (DiOC2) as a surrogate for oncology drugs that are substrates for MDR efflux. P‐gp‐mediated efflux was differentiated from non‐P‐gp MDR activities using zosuquidar, a highly selective P‐gp modulator. The bioassays included a zosuquidar‐dependent DiOC2 accumulation bioassay that measured only P‐gp. The second method, termed the efflux bioassay, could detect P‐gp and other non‐P‐gp efflux depending on bioassay culture conditions.

Results

Sixty‐two percent of the specimens were considered positive for blasts with P‐gp function, and 26% of such P‐gp‐positive specimens also exhibited zosuquidar‐resistant (i.e., non‐P‐gp) MDR efflux activity; 37% of P‐gp‐negative AML blast specimens displayed zosuquidar‐resistant MDR function in the efflux bioassay.

Conclusions

These results confirm the heterogeneous nature of MDR efflux pumps in AML blasts, and provide support for the hypothesis that non‐P‐gp MDR contributed to negative results with zosuquidar in AML trials like ECOG‐ACRIN E3999. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Reorganize your office based on a social justice model
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2018

Starting in 2009, Joan Green, director of the Accessibility Resource Center at the University of New Mexico, reorganized her unit based on a social justice model. The change has resulted in ongoing efforts to promote social justice.
Build transformative resilience for yourself and in your office
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2018

ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — When Elizabeth Harrison, director of the Office of Learning Resources and associate director of the Ryan C. Harris Learning Teaching Center at the University of Dayton, noticed that students seemed more fragile than they used to be, she started looking for ways to help them. When they hit a roadblock or bump, they were likely to back away, Harrison said, speaking at a session at the Association for Higher Education And Disability annual conference.
Study finds correlation between Medicaid, employment of workers with disabilities
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: October 2018

There is a direct correlation between employment of people with disabilities and the funding of Medicaid, according to a study published by the American Journal of Public Health. The findings published in the study showed that in states where Medicaid has expanded as part of the Affordable Care Act, there was a significant decrease in people with disabilities who report not working, as well as an increase in individuals with disabilities reporting being employed. For states that did not expand Medicaid, no significant change regarding employment status of people with disabilities was observed.
Microbial production of d‐lactic acid from dried distiller's grains with solubles
Authors: Zaini Nurul Aqilah Binti Mohd , Chatzifragkou Afroditi , Charalampopoulos Dimitris
Published: October 2018

d‐Lactic acid production is gaining increasing attention due to the thermostable properties of its polymer, poly‐d‐lactic acid . In this study, Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens, was evaluated for its ability to produce d‐lactic acid using Dried Distiller's Grains with Solubles (DDGS) hydrolysate as the substrate. DDGS was first subjected to alkaline pretreatment with sodium hydroxide to remove the hemicellulose component and the generated carbohydrate‐rich solids were then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase mixture Accellerase® 1500. When comparing separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of L. coryniformis on DDGS hydrolysate, the latter method demonstrated higher d‐lactic acid production (27.9 g/L, 99.9% optical purity of d‐lactic acid), with a higher glucose to d‐lactic acid conversion yield (84.5%) compared to the former one (24.1 g/L, 99.9% optical purity of d‐lactic acid). In addition, the effect of increasing the DDGS concentration in the fermentation system was investigated via a fed‐batch SSF approach, where it was shown that the d‐lactic acid production increased to 38.1 g/L and the conversion yield decreased to 70%. In conclusion, the SSF approach proved to be an efficient strategy for the production of d‐lactic acid from DDGS as it reduced the overall processing time and yielded high d‐lactic acid concentrations.
Sensoren, Wegbereiter, Taktgeber
Authors: Becker Katja
Published: October 2018

Die Sonderforschungsbereiche der DFG werden 50 Jahre alt. Wie sie auf vielfältige Weise Impulse in das Wissenschaftssystem gegeben haben – und es auch weiterhin tun können. Ein Blick zurück in die Zukunft
Alles in Echt‐Zeit!
Authors: Liske Jochen
Published: October 2018

In der chilenischen Atacama‐Wüste entsteht das größte Teleskop der Welt. Mit seiner extrem hohen Messgenauigkeit hoffen Astronomen und Astrophysiker, die Ausdehnungsdynamik des Universiums direkt erfassen zu können.
Alltag ohne Goldrand
Authors: Unterstell Rembert
Published: October 2018

Wenn das kulturelle Erbe in die Wolke kommt: Ein multimediales Onlineportal führt Dokumente und Objekte zu Leben, Wohnen und Arbeiten im Rheinland des 20. Jahrhunderts zusammen. Eine exemplarische Nahaufnahme zu Chancen und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung.
Für jeden Prozess die passende Signatur
Authors: Brinksmeier Ekkard , Reese Stefanie , Sölter Jens
Published: October 2018

Härte, Eigenspannung und andere Randzoneneigenschaften von Bauteilen sind entscheidend für deren Funktionalität und Lebensdauer. Um die „Bauteilhaut” gezielt zu verbessern, wollen Ingenieurwissenschaftler genauer verstehen, welche physikalischen und chemischen Vorgänge bei der Fertigung ablaufen und wie sich darüber die Werkstoffeigenschaften verändern lassen.
RAGE in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle
Authors: Riuzzi Francesca , Sorci Guglielmo , Sagheddu Roberta , Chiappalupi Sara , Salvadori Laura , Donato Rosario
Published: October 2018

Emerging evidence suggests that the signalling of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) is critical for skeletal muscle physiology controlling both the activity of muscle precursors during skeletal muscle development and the correct time of muscle regeneration after acute injury. On the other hand, the aberrant re‐expression/activity of RAGE in adult skeletal muscle is a hallmark of muscle wasting that occurs in response to ageing, genetic disorders, inflammatory conditions, cancer, and metabolic alterations. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action and the ligands of RAGE involved in myoblast differentiation, muscle regeneration, and muscle pathological conditions. We highlight potential therapeutic strategies for targeting RAGE to improve skeletal muscle function.
Qualitative research on community experiences in large HIV research trials: what have we learned?
Authors: Camlin Carol S , Seeley Janet
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Very few pragmatic and community‐level effectiveness trials integrate the use of qualitative research over all stages of the trial, to inform trial design, implementation optimization, results interpretation and post‐trial policy recommendations. This is despite the growing demand for mixed methods research from funding agencies and awareness of the vital importance of qualitative and mixed methods research for understanding trial successes and challenges.

Discussion

We offer examples from work we have been involved in to illustrate how qualitative research conducted within trials can reveal vital contextual factors that influence implementation and outcomes, can enable an informed adaptation of trials as they are being conducted and can lead to the formulation of theory regarding the social and behavioural pathways of intervention, while also enabling community engagement in trial design and implementation. These examples are based on published findings from qualitative studies embedded within two ongoing large‐scale studies demonstrating the population‐level impacts of universal HIV testing and treatment strategies in southern and eastern Africa, and a qualitative study conducted alongside a clinical trial testing the adaptation, acceptability and experience of short‐cycle therapy in children and adolescents living with HIV.

Conclusions

We advocate for the integration of qualitative with clinical and survey research methods in pragmatic clinical and community‐level trials and implementation studies, and for increasing visibility of qualitative and mixed methods research in medical journals. Qualitative research from trials ideally should be published along with clinical outcome data, either integrated into the “main” trial papers or published concurrently in the same journal issue. Integration of qualitative research within trials can help not only to understand the why behind success or failure of interventions in different contexts, but also inform the adaptation of interventions that can facilitate their success, and lead to new alternative strategies and to policy changes that may be vital for achieving public health goals, including the end of AIDS.
Salt‐Induced Constructions of Gemini‐like Surfactants at the Interface and Their Effects on the Interfacial Tension of a Water/Model Oil System
Authors: Jia Han , Huang Pan , Wu Hongyan , Ma An , Zhou Hongtao
Published: October 2018

It is an urgent issue to enhance oil recovery for unconventional reservoirs with high salinity. Focused on this topic, salt addition is a powerful tool to motivate the surfactant assembly at the water/oil interface and improve the interfacial activity. We used a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and an anionic salt dicarboxylic acid sodium (CnDNa) to construct gemini‐like surfactants at the interface and evaluated their ability to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between model oil (toluene and n‐decane, v:v = 1:1) and water. Interestingly, the fabrication of a (CTAB)2/C4DNa gemini‐like surfactant was hardly achieved at the fresh water/model oil interface, but accomplished at the brine/model oil interface. At a high NaCl concentration (100,000 mg L−1), the IFT value is reduced to 10−3 mN m−1 order of magnitude, which is generally desired in practical applications. The control experiments displacing the surfactant type and the spacer length further confirmed the NaCl effects on the interfacial assembly.
Delineating cerebellar mechanisms in DYT11 myoclonus‐dystonia
Authors: Sadnicka Anna , Galea Joseph M. , Chen Jui‐Cheng , Warner Thomas T. , Bhatia Kailash P. , Rothwell John C. , Edwards Mark J.
Published: October 2018

Background

Recent research has highlighted the role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of myoclonus‐dystonia syndrome as a result of mutations in the ɛ‐sarcoglycan gene (DYT11). Specifically, a cerebellar‐dependent saccadic adaptation task is dramatically impaired in this patient group.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate whether saccadic deficits coexist with impairments of limb adaptation to provide a potential mechanism linking cerebellar dysfunction to the movement disorder within symptomatic body regions.

Methods

Limb adaptation to visuomotor (visual feedback rotated by 30°) and forcefield (force applied by robot to deviate arm) perturbations were examined in 5 patients with DYT11 and 10 aged‐matched controls.

Results

Patients with DYT11 successfully adapted to both types of perturbation. Modelled and averaged summary metrics that captured adaptation behaviors were equivalent to the control group across conditions.

Conclusions

DYT11 is not characterized by a uniform deficit in adaptation. The previously observed large deficit in saccadic adaption is not reflected in an equivalent deficit in limb adaptation in symptomatic body regions. We suggest potential mechanisms at the root of this discordance and identify key research questions that need future study. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A broadband negative refractive index meta‐atom for quad‐band and sensor applications
Authors: Hossain Mohammad J. , Faruque Mohammad R. I. , Alam M. J. , Mansor Mohd Fais , Islam Mohammad T.
Published: October 2018

A new modified hexagonal design structure with broadband‐negative refractive index metamaterial was proposed in this manuscript. The proposed structure was composed of two symmetrical metallic layers which had same thickness and an FR4 dielectric layer that was sandwiched between these metallic layers. Frequency domain solver of CST microwave studio, which is commercially available was utilized to observe the results of the design structure. The design structure was analyzed by two orientations with respect to the incident plane wave. For normal wave incidence, the suggested structure displays broadband negative refractive index (3.18 GHz) and (0.9 GHz) with a higher effective medium ratio (17.26) that was indicated small electrical size of the structure, whereas for parallel wave incidence, broadband negative refractive index (2.45 GHz), (1.22 GHz), and (1.93 GHz) bandwidth with a higher effective medium ratio (28.01) was obtained. The negative refractive index was verified by simulation and measurement for quad‐band applications. Furthermore, the effective medium ratio (λ/a) of the proposed broadband negative refractive index metamaterial was considerably improved compared to previous suggested multiband metamaterials. In addition, the design structure can also be utilized as a pressure sensor.
Clinical analysis of first branchial cleft anomalies in children
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Bing , Chen Min , Hao Jinsheng , Yang Yang , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2018

Importance

First branchial cleft anomaly (FBCA) is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose and is associated with a high rate of complications. However, the difference between two types of FBCA and how to avoid complications are not clear enough.

Objective

We retrospectively analyzed type I and II (Work's classification) FBCAs in children to demonstrate the difference between the two types of FBCAs, especially with respect to understanding the relationship between FBCAs and the facial nerve

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients with FBCAs who were treated in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2013 to 2017. The patients’ clinical data, relationship of the FBCA with the facial nerve, and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results

The study included 70 patients with FBCAs. In total, 41 (58.6%) patients had a type I FBCA, and 29 (41.1%) had a type II FBCA. A cystic mass was present in 34 (48.6%) patients. Sixty‐two (88.6%) patients had a history of incision and drainage and nine (12.8%) had a history of excision surgery in other hospitals. The accuracy rate of magnetic resonance imaging was higher than ultrasound and much higher than computed tomography. Thirty‐eight (92.7%) type I FBCAs had no close relationship with the facial nerve. The facial nerve in 14 (48.3%) patients with type II FBCAs was located superficial to and above the mass. Fifteen (51.7%) type II facial nerves were located on the deep side of the mass. All patients in the study had an abnormal external auditory canal (EAC). Three patients had temporary facial palsy that resolved within one week. Eleven patients with type I FBCAs had mild EAC stenosis. No recurrence was observed.

Interpretation

Type II FBCAs had a close relationship with the facial nerve, especially when the lesion was located in the mandible angle. All patients with FBCAs had an EAC abnormality. The abnormal skin and cartilage of the EAC should be excised together to avoid recurrence.
Implementation of Proteomics Biomarkers in Nephrology: From Animal Models to Human Application?
Authors: Klein Julie , Schanstra Joost P
Published: October 2018

Preclinical animal models are extensively used in nephrology. In this review, the utility of performing proteome analysis of kidney tissue or urine in such models and transfer of the results to human application has been assessed. Analysis of the literature identified 68 relevant publications. Pathway analysis of the reported proteins clearly indicated links with known biological processes in kidney disease providing validation of the observed changes in the preclinical models. However, although most studies focused on the identification of early markers of kidney disease or prediction of its progression, none of the identified makers has made it to substantial validation in the clinic or at least in human samples. Especially in renal disease where urine is an abundant source of biomarkers of diseases of the kidney and the urinary tract, it therefore appears that the focus should be on human material based discovery studies. In contrast, the most valid information of proteome analysis of preclinical models in nephrology for translation in human disease resides in studies focusing on drug evaluation, both efficacy for translation to the clinic and for mechanistic insight.
Acceptance control and guardbanding for error‐prone individual measurements
Authors: Zhou Xin , Govindaraju Kondaswamy , Jones Geoff
Published: October 2018

The concept of fractional nonconformance was recently proposed to assess the probability of conformance when measurements are error‐prone. Applications of fractional nonconformance assessment include acceptance sampling inspection and short‐run process control. In this study, we introduce a fractional nonconformance‐based one‐sided acceptance control chart to monitor a short‐run process as well as decide the acceptability of products manufactured from the process. The guardband technique is also incorporated in the proposed approach to reduce the impact of measurement errors. Guardband selection is investigated for both independent and autocorrelated processes. Our analysis shows that guardbanding is beneficial for short‐run production environments. The optimum guardbands obtained under risk and cost models are also found to be consistent.
Ammonium Vanadium Bronze as a Potassium‐Ion Battery Cathode with High Rate Capability and Cyclability
Authors: Xu Yang , Dong Huishuang , Zhou Min , Zhang Chenglin , Wu Yuhan , Li Wei , Dong Yulian , Lei Yong
Published: October 2018

K‐ion batteries (KIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. Despite the rapid development of KIB anodes, cathodes have not developed to the same extent due to the sluggish kinetics of K‐ion intercalation. Here, ammonium vanadium bronze NH4V4O10 (NVO) is proposed as a potential KIB cathode material. The as‐synthesized NVO features a large interlayer spacing of 9.8 Å and self‐assembled flower‐like architecture. The cathode delivers a high capacity of 136 mAh g−1 (50 mA g−1) and a decay rate of 0.02% per cycle over 200 cycles in the range of 1–3.8 V. It retains 94% capacity (80 mAh g−1) after 200 cycles in the range of 2–3.8 V. Moreover, it exhibits fast rate capability by delivering 51 mAh g−1 at a rate as high as 3 A g−1 (2–3.8 V), being 90% of the capacity at 0.1 A g−1. Electrochemical mechanism studies suggest that K‐ion storage in NVO is a topotactic process, where transition between V4+ and V5+ occurs. They also show that prevention of deammoniation at a higher voltage toward 4.2 V is critical for the structural stability of NVO. This work may stimulate future exploitation of vanadium oxides in KIBs and more insights into the mechanisms of K‐ion storage.
The sonographic measurement of the spleen: A clinical audit
Authors: Farr Christina , Thoirs Kerry
Published: October 2018

Introduction

The spleen is an intra‐abdominal organ that increases in size (splenomegaly) due to a variety of hepatic and haematological pathologies. The measurement of its size is crucial for patient treatment and monitoring. This project sought to determine a standard technique for the sonographic measurement of the spleen through a retrospective clinical audit.

Methods

Serial splenic measurements from 250 patients were retrospectively assessed for caliper placement and visualisation/technique. The measurements were graded according to caliper placement and splenic visualisation on ultrasound. Patients included had serial abdominal ultrasounds over the 3 years prior to audit.

Results

A literature review was performed to establish a benchmark for splenic measurement. This uncovered a wide variation in reported normal splenic length measurement values. The key point from the data collected along with the literature review is that a normal measurement of the spleen is 10–12 cm. Consistent results were found regarding the method sonographers used to measure the spleen.

Discussion

To standardise measurement method, the spleen should be imaged with the patient in the right posterior oblique position in the optimal respiratory phase for individual patient habitus.
Gapped boundary theory of the twisted gauge theory model of three-dimensional topological orders
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Li Yingcheng , Hu Yuting , Wan Yidun
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We extend the twisted gauge theory model of topological orders in three spatial dimensions to the case where the three spaces have two dimensional boundaries. We achieve this by systematically constructing the boundary Hamiltonians that are compatible with the bulk Hamiltonian. Given the bulk Hamiltonian defined by a gauge group G and a four-cocycle ω in the fourth cohomology group of G over U(1), we construct a gapped boundary Hamiltonian using {K, α}, with a subgroup K ⊆ G and a 3-cochain α of K over U(1), which satisfies the generalized Frobenius condition. The Hamiltonian is invariant under the topological renormalization group flow (via Pachner moves). Each solution {K, α} to the generalized Frobenius condition specifies a gapped boundary condition. We derive a closed-form formula of the ground state degeneracy of the model on a three-cylinder, which can be naturally generalized to three-spaces with more boundaries. We also derive the explicit ground-state wavefunction of the model on a three-ball. The ground state degeneracy and ground-state wavefunction are both presented solely in terms of the input data of the model, namely, {G, ω, K, α}.
Nurse-Managed Heart Failure Programmes in the Netherlands
Authors: de Loor Sanne , Jaarsma Tiny
Published: October 2018

Heart failure (HF) care in Europe is going through a lot of changes. Nurses have increasingly important roles in providing optimal care for these chronically ill patients in the Netherlands. The first steps to organise HF nurses have been taken and an overview of HF management programmes in Netherlands has been recently made available. A descriptive study was performed consisting of: (1) a screening phase in which all hospitals ( n=109) and 105 home care organisations were approached by telephone to assess availability of HF management programmes and (2) a questionnaires in which content and organisation of the programmes were described. At the moment, the majority of all the hospitals (75%) have, or are currently developing a HF management programme. In 19 home care organisations (18%) a programme was available and 3 organisations had concrete plans to start on short notice. Components of HF programmes differ considerably, with follow-up after discharge from the hospital as the most often reported component. Other components of programmes include patient education, increased access to health care professionals and adjusting medication. Exercise programmes are not often available. Organisational aspects in regard to setting, financing and staffing also differ between various programmes. It was concluded that there is a considerable increase in the number of HF management programmes in the Netherlands, both hospital based and home based. A lot of questions in regard to the most optimal content and the organisation of HF management programmes remain unanswered.
Feasibility of a Cognitive-Behavioural Group Intervention for Men Experiencing Psychological Difficulties After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wade Tracey , Birchmore Libby , Hobby Christine
Published: October 2018

Background: People experiencing psychological distress after a cardiac event may require special follow-up and targeted interventions in order to effectively decrease levels of distress. Aims: Men who were judged to be experiencing poor emotional adjustment post-myocardial infarction (MI) were invited to a cognitive behaviour therapy group. The current study examines the attendance at such a group and the consequent feasibility of such interventions. Method: The content of the group aimed to help men deal with the uncomfortable psychosocial issues that had arisen since having a MI. Results: Of the 26 men approached only 30% were interested in attending and only 11% actually completed the group. Two men who were committed to attending the group could not complete all the sessions, as heart bypass operations became available to them. Conclusion: Ways of involving men in interventions targeting psychological distress requires ongoing investigation.
Investigating Six-Month Health Outcomes of Patients with Angina Discharged from a Chest Pain Service
Authors: Smith Karen , Ross Dawn , Connolly Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

Hospital admissions for patients with suspected cardiac chest pain are increasing. The development of a chest pain service allows rapid diagnosis, investigation and treatment. Since the in-patient stay is often short, there is limited time for education and risk factor management. Little is known about the patients' recovery post discharge. This study was completed to investigate the 6-month health outcomes of 57 patients discharged from the chest pain service by measuring cardiovascular symptoms and risk profiles, mood and quality of life, adherence to secondary prevention, morbidity and mortality. The results of this study showed that 58% of the sample still suffered angina, 72% reported breathlessness, and 79% reported lethargy. Assessment of mood showed that 76% suffered from anxiety and 78% depression. Quality of life was impaired. A reduction of cholesterol level was the only significant change in risk factors. Secondary prevention measures showed that there was still room for improvement. Twenty-five percent of the sample was readmitted to hospital due to their cardiac condition. Patients had an average of eight contacts with their general practitioner, four of which were cardiac related. The ongoing symptoms, anxiety and depression and uncorrected risk factors can impact on their recovery. Currently, however, no programme of rehabilitation is available for angina patients, despite the potential for up to 30% of patients suffering a subsequent cardiac event (Ghandi et al., British Heart Journal 73 (1995) 193–198). This study suggests the need to develop, implement and evaluate a CR programme in this client group.
Living with Angina Pectoris–A Phenomenological Study
Authors: MacDermott A.F.N.
Published: October 2018

Angina pectoris is a common medical condition with a high mortality and morbidity rate and normally requires medical therapy to control symptoms. The impact of angina and treatment strategies are gauged almost solely on clinical measurements. This approach does not provide insight into the effects of the disease from the patients' perspectives. Understanding these effects enables a patient centred approach to care, which may facilitate adherence to treatment strategies. Previous studies examining heart disease from the patients' perspective have tended to focus on myocardial infarction or coronary surgery and not, as this study does, on angina per se. Unstructured interviews of seven patients with clinically stable angina pectoris were carried out and analysed using a phenomenological approach. Seven themes were identified: limitation and adjustment; resignation; indignation; caution; reluctant compliance; surprise; and the unknown. Patients made adjustments to their lifestyles because of the limitations imposed on them by angina. These changes were accepted reluctantly, initially with annoyance, but ultimately with resignation. They were cautious in everyday activities to avoid something ‘worse’ happening. On the whole, they were surprised that they had developed the disease despite little understanding of risk factors. They had not considered the long-term effects of the disease. Angina patients need to have access to information sources to understand the disease and to make adjustments to their lives. An opportunity to discuss the disease with a specialist health care professional is essential. The study showed that phenomenology has a contribution to make in areas such as cardiology where the research agenda is predominantly positivistic.
Life Situation Related to The ICD Implantation; Self-Reported Uncertainty and Satisfaction in Swedish and US Samples
Authors: Bolse Kärstin , Flemme Inger , Ivarsson Anita , Jinhage Britt-Marie , Carroll Diane , Edvardsson Nils , Hamilton Glenys A. , Fridlund Bengt
Published: October 2018

The aim of the study was to describe changes in the life situation related to the ICD implantation of Swedish and US samples with regard to uncertainty and satisfaction. The life situation was measured by reference to the uncertainty caused by the condition and satisfaction with the life situation. Inferential statistics were used to analyse changes within and between the Swedish and US samples. Uncertainty showed a statistically significant difference between the Swedish and US samples before as well as after the ICD implantation. A higher level of uncertainty was indicated for the US sample prior to the ICD implantation and for the Swedish sample following the implantation. In the Swedish sample, satisfaction with life showed a statistically significant difference within the socio-economic domain, indicating a higher degree of satisfaction 3 months after implantation. Satisfaction within the domains of health and functioning, socio-economics and psychological-spiritual showed a statistically significant difference between the Swedish and US samples both before and after ICD implantation, indicating a higher degree of satisfaction in the US sample. The previous study shows that the ICD-patient's life situation is changed after the implantation and that it is necessary to provide the patient with information and education based on their own preconditions. The fact that US sample was investigated at a later stage after ICD implantation than the Swedish sample may have influenced the results of the study.
Informing behavioural policies with data from everyday life
Authors: LADES LEONHARD K. , MARTIN LUCIE , DELANEY LIAM
Published: October 2018

Naturalistic monitoring tools provide detailed information about people's behaviours and experiences in everyday life. Most naturalistic monitoring research has focused on measuring subjective well-being. This paper discusses how naturalistic monitoring can inform behavioural public policy-making by providing detailed information about everyday decisions and the choice architecture in which these decisions are made. We describe how the Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) – a naturalistic monitoring tool popular in the subjective well-being literature – can be used to: (i) improve ecological validity of behavioural economics; (ii) provide mechanistic evidence of the everyday workings of behavioural interventions; and (iii) help us to better understand people's true preferences. We believe that DRM data on everyday life have great potential to support the design and evaluation of behavioural policies.
The Relationship Between Magnetism and Microstructure of Ethylene Pyrolysis Furnace Tubes after a Long-term Service
Authors: Guo Jingfeng , Cao Tieshan , Cheng Congqian , Meng Xianming , Zhao Jie
Published: October 2018

The magnetism and microstructure of Cr25Ni35Nb and Cr35Ni45Nb alloy tubes after 5 years of service were investigated in this paper. The saturation magnetization of the Cr25Ni35Nb alloy tube in the thickness direction is more than 20 emu/g, and the tube becomes ferromagnetic. The inner and outer walls of Cr35Ni45Nb alloy tubes also become ferromagnetic. But the saturation magnetization of the Cr35Ni45Nb alloy tubes approaches to zero in the center zone. The primary carbides M7C3 and NbC are changed into M23C6 and G phase at the outer region of the furnace tube. However, the M23C6-type carbides were replaced by carbon-rich carbides M7C3 at the carburization zone. Cr-depleted zones are formed at the inner and outer walls of the furnace tubes owing to oxidation. Carburization and oxidation reduce the Cr content of the matrix. Accordingly, the saturation magnetization is very high at the carburization zone and Cr-depleted zone. The magnetism of Cr25Ni35Nb and Cr35Ni45Nb alloy tubes has a high correlation with the Cr content of the matrix. Carburization and oxidation are the main reasons that make the paramagnetic ethylene pyrolysis furnace tube change to ferromagnetic.
Selbstkontrolle im Sport und die Bedeutsamkeit von achtsamkeitsbasierten Trainings
Authors: Stocker Eva , Englert Chris , Seiler Roland
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung. Im leistungs- und im gesundheitsorientierten Sport ist Selbstkontrolle von hoher Relevanz, u.a. um optimale Leistung zu erzielen und Gesundheit durch Bewegung aufrechtzuerhalten. Im vorliegenden Überblicksartikel stellen wir Befunde zu Selbstkontrollbeeinträchtigungen im Sportkontext vor und diskutieren diese anhand von Ressourcen- und Prozessmodellen. Danach argumentieren wir, dass achtsamkeitsbasierte Trainings eine mögliche Strategie darstellen könnten, Selbstkontrollbeeinträchtigungen zu reduzieren. Abschließend werden Grenzen von achtsamkeitsbasierten Trainings und Selbstkontrolltheorien, offene Forschungsfragen sowie praktische Implikationen diskutiert.
Emotionale Intelligenz und Führungsverhalten von Fußballtrainern
Authors: Lobinger Babett Helen , Heisler Sinikka
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Emotionale Intelligenz und das Führungsverhalten von Trainern erhoben. Insgesamt 215 Fußballtrainer bearbeiteten die deutsche Kurzversion des Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue-SF; Freudenthaler, Neubauer, Gabler, Scherl & Rindermann, 2008 ) und die Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS; Würth, Saborowski & Alfermann, 1999 ). Neben der inhaltlichen Auseinandersetzung mit der Emotionalen Intelligenz und dem Führungsverhalten von Trainern werden die eingesetzten Verfahren einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Die Prüfung der Testgüte für die vorliegende Stichprobe zeigt akzeptable interne Konsistenzen für den TEIQue und für zwei Subskalen der LSS (Demokratisches Verhalten und Soziale Unterstützung) Trainer der verschiedenen Lizenzstufen unterscheiden sind in ihrer selbstberichteten Emotionalen Intelligenz nicht voneinander. Für die Gesamtstichprobe werden Zusammenhänge zwischen Emotionaler Intelligenz und allen Subskalen (soziale Unterstützung, fachliche Unterweisung, demokratisches Verhalten und positives Feedback) der LSS gefunden. Die Diskussion nimmt sich der Einschätzung der verwendeten Messverfahren an und hebt die Bedeutung von sportspezifischen Instrumenten hervor.
Contribution of Hydroxymethane Sulfonate to Ambient Particulate Matter: A Potential Explanation for High Particulate Sulfur During Severe Winter Haze in Beijing
Authors: Moch Jonathan M. , Dovrou Eleni , Mickley Loretta J. , Keutsch Frank N. , Cheng Yuan , Jacob Daniel J. , Jiang Jingkun , Li Meng , Munger J. William , Qiao Xiaohui , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2018

PM2.5 during severe winter haze in Beijing, China, has reached levels as high as 880 μg/m3, with sulfur compounds contributing significantly to PM2.5 composition. This sulfur has been traditionally assumed to be sulfate, although atmospheric chemistry models are unable to account for such large sulfate enhancements under dim winter conditions. Using a 1‐D model, we show that well‐characterized but previously overlooked chemistry of aqueous‐phase HCHO and S(IV) in cloud droplets to form a S(IV)‐HCHO adduct, hydroxymethane sulfonate, may explain high particulate sulfur in wintertime Beijing. We also demonstrate in the laboratory that methods of ion chromatography typically used to measure ambient particulates easily misinterpret hydroxymethane sulfonate as sulfate. Our findings suggest that HCHO and not SO2 has been the limiting factor in many haze events in Beijing and that to reduce severe winter pollution in this region, policymakers may need to address HCHO sources such as transportation.
Crustal Density Structure, Lithosphere Flexure Mechanism, and Isostatic State Throughout the Qinling Orogen Revealed by In Situ Dense Gravity Observations
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Fu Guangyu , She Yawen
Published: October 2018

Gravity and GPS hybrid measurements were conducted at 385 stations throughout the Qinling Orogen, China, to update Bouguer gravity anomalies and free‐air gravity anomalies of the area. The crustal density structure, lithosphere flexure mechanism, and isostatic state of the Qinglin Orogen were studied in detail via these in situ observations. Bouguer gravity anomalies in the study area are mainly negative, ranging from −410 mGal in the Tibetan Plateau to −100 mGal in the eastern Qinglin Orogen. The estimated crustal thickness ranges from 56 to 35 km and thins eastward along the Qinling Orogen. The optimal effective elastic thickness (Te) of the study area is 14 km, and the loading comes from the Earth's surface, the interface between the upper and lower crust, and the Moho. Vertical tectonic stress borne by the lithosphere varies observably in the study area. Downward stress reaches a peak of −14 MPa in the Liupanshan Mountains, whereas the highest value of upward stress (8 MPa) is attained in the middle Qinling Orogen. Considering distributions of crustal density structures and vertical tectonic stress of the lithosphere, in addition to the distinct loading ratios of the eastern and western Qinling Orogen, a piecewise combination model was developed to interpret the uplift of the Qinling Orogen. This model shows that the eastern part of the Orogen is thickened by the upward migration of mantle materials under the thrusting of the South and North China Blocks, whereas uplift of the western part results from lower crustal flow derived from the Tibetan Plateau.
Assessing Phytoplankton Activities in the Seasonal Ice Zone of the Greenland Sea Over an Annual Cycle
Authors: Mayot N. , Matrai P. , Ellingsen I. H. , Steele M. , Johnson K. , Riser S. C. , Swift D.
Published: October 2018

In seasonal ice zones (SIZs), such as the one of the Greenland Sea, the sea ice growth in winter and subsequent melting in summer influence the phytoplankton activity. However, studies assessing phytoplankton activities over complete annual cycles and at a fine temporal resolution are lacking in this environment. Biogeochemical‐Argo floats, which are able to sample under the ice, were used to collect physical and biogeochemical data along vertical profiles and at 5‐day resolution during two complete annual cycles in the Greenland Sea SIZ. Three phytoplankton activity phases were distinct within an annual cycle: one under ice, a second at the ice edge, and a third one around an open‐water subsurface chlorophyll maximum. As expected, the light and nitrate availabilities controlled the phytoplankton activity and the establishment of these phases. On average, most of the annual net community production occurred equally under ice and at the ice edge. The open‐water subsurface chlorophyll maximum phase contribution, on the other hand, was much smaller. Phytoplankton biomass accumulation and production thus occur over a longer period than might be assumed if under ice blooms were neglected. This also means that satellite‐based estimates of phytoplankton biomass and production in this SIZ are likely underestimated. Simulations with the Arctic‐based physical‐biologically coupled SINMOD model suggest that most of the annual net community production in this SIZ results from local processes rather than due to advection of nitrate from the East Greenland and Jan Mayen Currents.
Recolonization of Marginal Coral Reef Flats in Response to Recent Sea‐Level Rise
Authors: Chen Tianran , Roff George , McCook Laurence , Zhao Jianxin , Li Shu
Published: October 2018

In an era of global change and rising sea levels, the capacity for inshore reefs to survive is increasingly unclear. We report on recent colonization of an inshore reef‐flat environment at Sanya Bay, northern South China Sea, in shallow, muddy, eutrophic, and turbid conditions, which are widely viewed as marginal for sustained coral growth. U‐Th dating of fossil Acropora substrate indicated that the reef flat has existed in a dormant state since ~5,400 years BP, with no vertical space available to accommodate coral expansion. Our surveys revealed that populations of free‐living Porites compressa have recolonized the reef flat through asexual fragmentation, covering 13.9 ± 1.3% of reef‐flat substrates. Age‐frequency analysis indicated that the majority (86%) of P. compressa colonies were less than 30 years old. Analysis of long‐term sea‐level data indicated that recent recolonization of the reef flat occurred in response to a sea‐level rise of 16.2 ± 0.6 cm over the past 30 years (1987–2016). Modern sea‐level rise at Sanya Bay appears to have turned on reef growth which has existed in a senescent turned off state for over five millennia. The asexual life history strategy of P. compressa colonies, which involves forming free‐living colonies (coralliths), allows them to overcome turbid environmental conditions that are otherwise adverse to sexual recruitment. Our results provide novel insight into the response of marginal habitats to sea‐level rise, and suggest that coral cover on degraded coral reef flats could increase under future sea‐level rise, albeit with assemblages dominated by a few well‐adapted species.
Correction to: Is psychosis a multisystem disorder? A meta-review of central nervous system, immune, cardiometabolic, and endocrine alterations in first-episode psychosis and perspective on potential models
Authors: Pillinger Toby , D’Ambrosio Enrico , McCutcheon Robert , Howes Oliver D.
Published: October 2018

Updated online [insert date]: This article was originally published under standard licence, but has now been made available under a [CC BY 4.0] license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.