bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measure of Social Support and Its Relevance to the Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients Going to the Hemophilia Center
Authors: Seidi Jamal , Beheshtipour Neda , Nouri Bijan , Sheikh Zakaryaee Neda
Published: March 2024

Background: Social support has been considered one of the factors that facilitate health behaviors, and there is some evidence related to the subordination of the treatment of hemophilia patients according to various factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the measure of social support and its relevance to the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients going to the hemophilia center. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sanandaj Hemophilia Center in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran, in 1402. A total of 120 patients were voluntarily selected as samples based on inclusion criteria. The data collection tool included the registration form of demographic and clinical characteristics and the Social Support Questionnaire of Vaux et al. To analyze the data of the study, independent t-student statistical tests and unilateral analysis of variance in STATA software version 12 were used. Results: In this study, the dimensions of social support were examined: Family support, support from others, and support from friends. Family support, with an average of 4.36 out of 5, was considered the highest value, compared to other dimensions. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the average social support of hemophilia patients was appropriate. In the case of increasing the social support of hemophilia patients through creating job opportunities, increasing income, access to urban treatment facilities and services, material and moral coverage of organizations, and social support, the improvement of the health level of hemophilia patients can be expected.
MRNA Expression of Dopamine Receptors in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Social Networking Sites (SNS) Addicts: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Eslami Shahrbabki Mahin , Ramazanian Bafghi Zahra , MirHosseini Seyed Mojtaba , Mirkamandar Ehsan , Ahmadi Atefeh
Published: March 2024

Background: The increasing importance of and reliance on social networking sites (SNS) has led people to frequent usage and addiction. The dopaminergic system plays a crucial role in the addiction process. Additionally, research suggests that the level of expression of brain neurotransmitter receptors may be reflected in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the expression of dopamine receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) among SNS addicts and their relatives. Patients and Methods: The mRNA expression of dopamine D3, D4, and D5 receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed using real-time PCR in SNS addicts (n = 10) and their first-degree relatives (n = 10) compared with normal subjects (n = 10). Results: The findings revealed a significant decrease in D5 and D4 receptor mRNA expression in the PBL of SNS addicts compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, D3 receptor mRNA levels showed no significant change (P > 0.05). First-degree relatives of SNS addicts also exhibited a significant decrease in D5 receptor mRNA levels compared to the control group (P < 0.05), but unlike SNS addicts, D4 receptor levels did not show any significant decrease. D3 levels also remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, considering the genetic factors that strongly influence social network addiction, necessary measures should be implemented to prevent this type of addiction in families and institutions such as schools and universities.
In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects of Sugar-Free Sugarcane Molasses and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on IFN-γ and TGF-β Secretion in Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: Khalaf Shamsabadi Fatemeh , Mirzaee Mohsen , Baharifar Narges , Sheikh Abolfazl , Sheikhi Sara , Aghamohammadi Nima , Chamaie Nejad Forough , Nourani Narges , Baharifar Vahid , Mousavinasab Seyed Nouraddin , Sheikhi Abdolkarim
Published: March 2024

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that leads to gastrointestinal ulcers. An overactive immune response against the intestinal microbiota has been suggested as one of the pathogenic factors. Some evidence indicates the immunomodulatory effects of Bifidobacterium lactis. sugarcane molasses, rich in vitamins and nutrients, can be used to compensate for the related nutrient deficiencies. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of sugar-free sugarcane (SFS)-molasses on the immune system of UC patients. Methods: Bifidobacterium lactis was cultivated in MRS broth and killed by UV de-sugarization of sugarcane molasses. It was prepared using the Steffen method. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 12 UC patients were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, SFS-molasses, and B. lactis were co-cultured. After 18h, the expression level of the FOXP3 gene was assessed by RT-qPCR (real-time PCR). The interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were measured in the supernatant of PBMCs by ELISA. Results: Transforming growth factor beta in the SFS-molasses group was significantly increased compared to the controls (P = 0.032). The TGF-β in SFS-molasses + bacteria and the bacteria-alone groups increased compared to the control group (P = 0.039 and P = 0.049, respectively). The level of IFN-γ in the SFS-molasses group was significantly decreased compared to the controls (P = 0.004). Interferon gamma increased in the SFS-molasses + B. lactis group compared to the controls, but this was not significant. Expression of FOXP3 wasn’t affected after SFS-molasses treatment. Conclusions: These data showed that SFS molasses increases the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β and decreases the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ levels. These results may encourage researchers to continue studying the possible application of molasses as a nutritious food for patients with UC.
An Examination of the Intricacies and Potentialities of Interreligious and Interfaith Matrimonial Unions in Modern Times
Authors: Murshida Khatun  , Md Amirul Islam  , Md. Habibur Rahman  , Md Ashraful Amin
Published: March 2024

This study looks at the challenges and benefits of interreligious and interfaith marriages. It looks at how different beliefs, values, and practices affect personal relationships and the way a family works. Using a qualitative research approach, we conducted in-depth investigations and research on interreligious and interfaith marriages to gain insight into the various measurements in different countries and religions. Interfaith marriage is prohibited in many religions, but in the present it is normal. Especially in Christianity, interfaith marriage is popular at differing ages, like before 25, 26–35, and 36–45, with a percentage of 48, 58, and 67. Our findings suggest that while these marriages can be challenging, they also offer opportunities for personal growth, greater understanding of different religious traditions, and the promotion of interfaith dialogue and cooperation.
Psychological Dynamics of Unmarried Adult Women in Sandwich Generations Families
Authors: Aryani Pamukti  , Elok Halimatus Sa’diyah
Published: March 2024

Adult women who are old enough but have not yet married in their families or communities in Indonesia are the targets of stigma. There are many factors that make women unmarried, some of which are due to being the breadwinner of the family (sandwich generation), focusing on work and career, continuing education, trauma, either from a partner or from past family experiences, and not having found the right partner. This research aims to explore the psychological dynamics of unmarried adult women in sandwich geenartion families. The research uses a qualitative analysis method with descriptive phenomenology to determine the psychological dynamics of unmarried adult women in sandwich generation families. The data collection method uses interview techniques for in-depth exploration and comprehensive observation of a phenomenon that is the object of research. The data sources in this research use primary data sources and secondary data sources. The psychological dynamics of unmarried adult women in generational sandwich families consists of three main loci, namely cognition, affection and conation which include multiple roles, pressure and social expectations towards them. This can include helping adult women find a balance between their roles, dealing with internal conflicts, and communicating their needs and expectations clearly to their families.
ANALISIS STRUKTUR RESTORASI GEDUNG ISTANA BALA’ PUTIH
Authors: Badaruddin Badaruddin , Satriawansyah Tri , Padusung Padusung , Muhaimin Asrul
Published: March 2024

Indonesia terletak di antara dua lempeng dunia aktif, yaitu lempeng Eurasia dan lempeng Australia. Hal ini mengakibatkan Indonesia merupakan daerah rawan gempa. Hal-hal yang dapat membuat gedung mengalami keruntuhan pada saat gempa terjadi gempa adalah ketidakmampuan gedung menahan simpangan antar lantai (Drift Story) akibat gaya gempa melebihi batas aman yang ditetapkan maka gedung tersebut akan mengalami keruntuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui simpangan antar lantai (Drift Story) yang terjadi pada gedung istana bala’ putih. Metode analisis gaya gempa menggunakan metode statik ekivalen. Metode analisis portal yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode cross (Distribusi Momen). Hasil analisis Struktur Portal Istana Bala’ Putih dengan menggunakan metode Cross (Distribusi Momen) dan dengan klasifikasi mutu beton yang telah di tentukan menghasilkan simpangan antar lantai (Drift Story)  untuk arah melintang (X-X) dengan mutu beton K-225 pada lantai 1 adalah sebesar 5,703 mm sedangkan pada lantai 2 adalah sebesar 107,351 mm. Untuk arah memanjang (Y-Y) dengan mutu beton K-225 pada lantai 1 adalah sebesar 3,414 mm sedangkan pada lantai 2 adalah sebesar 67,273 mm. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa simpangan antar lantai (Drift Story) yang terjadi baik itu pada arah melintang (X-X) maupun arah memanjang (Y-Y) termasuk ke dalam kategori aman, karena simpangan yang terjadi tidak melebihi simpangan yang diijinkan.
ANALISA SISTEM SALURAN DRAINASE UNTUK MENANGGULANGI BANJIR DI PASAR SEKETENG KABUPATEN SUMBAWA
Authors: Purnama Ady , Satriawansyah Tri , Zulkarnaen Zulkarnaen , Nadiatullah Nadiatullah
Published: March 2024

Banjir di pasar seketeng disebabkan oleh tingginya curah hujan dan tingginya debit air dari arah PPN bukit permai yang masuk kedrainase disekitar pasar melalui jalan gurami tembus kejalan munjair dan tidak mempunyai saluran untuk menampung air dalam jumlah banyak sehingga air meluap menuju dalam pasar dan jalan raya. Untuk menanggulangi banjir didaerah tersebut maka perludilakukan penelitian agar tidak lagi ada genangan air. Sistem saluran di pasar seketeng tidak dapat menampung debit air masuk  karena dimensi saluran terlalu kecil atau berkurangnya daerah tangkapan air, pengaruh  penyempitan serta pendangkalan saluran akibat desakan permukiman dan diperparah  adanya tumpukan sampah dibeberapa titik saluran. Walaupun kawasan ini memiliki saluran drainase seperti pada umumnya tetapi genangan air sering ditemui dikawasan ini  pada saat curah hujan tinggi.

Penelitian ini dilakuan menggunakan metode Logperson III, hasil Evaluasi Debit Saluran dengan Debit Rancangan Saluran Drainase Periode ulang 2 Tahun, 5 Tahun, 10 Tahun dan 25 Tahun diperoleh untuk saluran Drainase 1 adalah 0,551 /det, untuk saluran Drainase 2 adalah 0,375 /det, untuk saluran Drainase 3 adalah 0,435 /det, dan untuk saluran Drainase 4 adalah 0,505 /det  dan Q Eksisting masing-masing untuk saluran Drainase 1 adalah 0,338 /det, untuk saluran Drainase 2 adalah 0,338 /det, untuk saluran Drainase 3 adalah 0,338 /det, dan untuk saluran Drainase 4 adalah 0,338 /det.
Comparative study of Chest Radiographs and Detection of The Covid 19 Virus Using Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Sabri Shaimaa Qasem , Arif Jahwar Yousif , Taqa Ghada Abd Alrhman , Çınar Ahmet
Published: March 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak that is causing coronavirus disease 2019 is being deemed a pandemic because of its quick spread around the globe.  Because chest X-ray pictures have shown to be beneficial in monitoring a variety of lung disorders, they have recently been utilized to monitor COVID-19 disease. It takes time to manually analyze a lot of chest X-ray pictures. Several previous studies have suggested machine-learning (ML)-based techniques for COVID-19 detection from chest X-ray pictures as a solution to this issue. Though little effort has been made to use traditional machine learning (ML) methods, the majority of these investigations use deep learning (DL) based techniques.  Conventional ML-based algorithms will be favored for implementation if they can yield identical outcomes as DL-based methods. In this effort, we constructed four classic ML-based models for COVID-19 identification, driven by the need to close the gap in the literature. The accuracy rates for the various classification models were as follows, according to the results: 93.4% for Support Vector Machine (SVM), 93.3% for Random Forest (RF), 90.5% for K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and 87.9% for Decision Tree (DT). The results of the study showed that machine learning-based algorithms can produce great results for COVID-19 identification by being refined and improved using several well-known data preparation approaches.
دراسة تحليلية لخريطة إستعمالات الأرض التجارية المركزية لمدينة دهوك (بإستخدام التقنيات الحديثة)
Authors: صبر المدرس الدكتور: محمد صبيح
Published: March 2024

إن موضع مدينة دهوك نقطة بيئيه، ومرحلة انتقال ذات نشاط تجاري كبير، وحلقة وصل وملتقى لطرق تجارية بين مناطق متباعدة ومتباينة في الإنتاج، ساهمت وبشكل فعال في نموها وتنشيط وظيفتها التجارية، وأضيفت عليها وظيفة التجميع والتوزيع، وجعلت منها إحدى حلقات الاتصال المتممة لسلسلة الاتصالات على المستوى المحلي والإقليمي الواسع، والتي كانت تربط هضبة الأناضول مع سهول العراق الجنوبية.

كما إن هناك عوامل وظروف سياسية وتاريخية أدت إلى التغير في التركيب التجاري لمدينة دهوك، وأن التوسع في الوظيفة التجارية للمدن يتعلق بالتوسع السكاني، لأن حجم وسعة الوظيفة التجارية لابد أن يتناسب طردياً مع حجم المدينة ومجموع سكانها. وتوصلت الدراسة الى أهم النتائج إن  توسع المنطقة التجارية المركزية في مدينة دهوك من خلال تطور المدينة وتوسع حجم المدينة وزيادة السكان، وإن توزيع أنماط الوحدات التجارية في منطقة الدراسة يأخذ النمط المتقارب ولكن بين التجمع والعشوائية.
المنهج الإشاري في تفسير القرآن تفسير مواهب الرحمن للسبزواري انموذجاً
Authors: حسن م. م. أسمهان جاسب , علي م. م. أمير فرحان
Published: March 2024

هدف البحث إلى  التأصيل للمنهج الإشاري في التفسير للنص القرآني على صعيد الفهم والتماهي مع النص بما يشي بالمرجعية المعرفية التي يصدر عنها القارئ أو المفسر(الصوفي) وبما يعكس حقيقة المنهج الإشاري، باعتبار أن المنهج الإشاري هو تفسير للقرآن بغير ظاهره لإشارة خفية ،ولاسيما أن الإشارات تمثل عند المتصوفة نوعاً من الإضافة للنص القرآني، فيستنبط المعنى من معانٍ متعددة، وكل منها تقابله معرفة عند المتصوفة ،وقد دار البحث في تعريف المنهج الإشاري وتاريخه، وأقسامه وشروطه، والتطبيق على تفسير السيد السبزواري في كتابه( تفسير مواهب الرحمن)،وانتهى البحث بأن المنهج الإشاري يعتمد على التأمل والذوق، والخلفيات الإشارية الموجودة في القرآن والعلاقة بين المعنى الظاهر والخفي، وقد تأصل في تاريخ الإسلام منذ بدايته، وبتوغله في النص القرآني لأنه يعتمد على حاسة القلب والوجدان، مما حمل التفسير الصوفي الإشاري للقرآن الكريم عند السبزواري على الذوق والتأمل والتفحص.
المشكل عند ابن قتيبة رحمه الله تعالى (ت276هـ) في كتابه (تأويل مشكل القرآن) الآيات المتعلقة بالنبي محمد () أُنموذجا
Authors: العبيدي م . د كوثر جلوب كاظم
Published: March 2024

المستخلص

   لقد أولع أهل العلم بتفسير القرآن الكريم وابراز كماله وجلاله وتوضيح معانيه وبيان مدلولاته ، ونظرا لتباين الناس في مداركهم وعلومهم ؛ فقد يفهم البعض منهم كتاب الله وما تحمله آياته من مضامين فهما جليا دقيقا ويشكل على البعض الآخر ذلك فيما يتعلق بالآيات التي ظاهرها اللبس أو الغموض ؛ ولذا فقد عمد علماء الأمة الإسلامية الى التصدي وإيضاح ما يتوهم إنه أشكل من النصوص القرآنية بتوظيف العديد من العلوم ومن أهمها علم المشكل ؛ الذي يعد من العلوم المهمة في دفع الغموض والإشكال وإبراز المعاني الحقيقية التي أرادها الله سبحانه وتعالى في كتابه الكريم .

    ومن هؤلاء العلماء الذين حملوا على عاتقهم الذود عن القرآن الكريم  إبن قتيبة رحمه الله في كتابه ( تأويل مشكل القرآن) ، فقد عمد الى توضيح ما يتوهم انه أشكل من القرآن الكريم ودفع الإشكال الذي يطرأ على بعض الآيات فكان من أوائل المدافعين عن القرآن الكريم ضد شبهات المعارضين والمشككين .

وتناولت في هذا البحث كتاب (تأويل مشكل القرآن ) بالبحث والدراسة بعد أن بينت ماهية الإشكال وأقسامه وذكرت نبذة عن حياة ابن قتيبة رحمه الله ومنهجه في تأليف الكتاب وجهوده في دفع وتفنيد الاشكال عن الآيات ومنها الآيات المتعلقة بالنبي محمد r  وايراد أقوال العلماء فيما أشكل منها وتوضيح مقصودها الحقيقي ؛ ومنها تنزيه النبي r عن الضلال ؛  وان الله سبحانه وتعالى قد صان نبيه عن ذلك ؛ ثم ما ذكرت النصوص القرآنية التي تحمل خطابا للنبي r والمراد غيره وهو ما يسمى التعريض في الكلام كما أوردها ابن قتيبة رحمه الله ، كما ناقشت ما جاء من آيات تبين الجزاء عن العمل وان كان المخاطب فيها النبي r الا انها موجهة للأمة بصورة عامة ، وأدرجت ما قاله ابن قتيبة رحمه الله في بيان معنى المعاد وقابلته بما ذكره أهل العلم وأوضحت موافقتها ومخالفتها ورجحت الصائب منها وفي نهاية هذا البحث المتواضع أوجزت الخاتمة وأهم النتائج مع بعض التوصيات .
Overcoming Maternal and Child Health Problems in Rw 16 Citatah Village, Cipatat District, West
Authors: MG Sianipar Imelda , Triana Hani , Purnasari Henni
Published: March 2024

Based on the analysis of the situation from the initial survey data of community service activities, several health problems were obtained in RW 16, it can be concluded that there are 3 maternal and child health problems that are priorities for the community service team to overcome, namely: The prevalence of stunting in children under five years old, low coverage of immunization in children, and nutritional problems in pregnant women. The purpose of this service is to solve maternal and child health problems by providing health education to the community. This service activity employs the extension approach as its methodology. Data collection using questionnaire sheets that become material for evaluation. The outcomes of this service include the assessment of counseling participants' comprehension by oral questioning at the beginning and conclusion of the session. The community seemed enthusiastic about providing responses and answers and was actively involved during the counseling process. So it can be concluded that there is a social change in the form of changes in the way people think about health, especially maternal and child health, tracking the development and growth of children, early detection of diseases, and many other benefits that cause changes in the way people view health.
NECTAR ROBBING BY THE RED-TAILED COMET SAPPHO SPARGANURUS: THE VALUE OF CITIZEN SCIENCE TO DOCUMENT INFREQUENT BEHAVIOR IN BIRDS
Authors: Telleria Luciana , Calbimonte Rodrigo , Montano-Centellas Flavia
Published: March 2024

Nectar robbing by hummingbirds, the extraction of nectar using perforations instead of the corolla, is seldom documented in the literature. Here, we present the first photographic record of nectar robbing by the Red-tailed Comet Sappho sparganurus in Bolivia and examine published and photographic evidence of this behavior. We found no published evidence of nectar robbing by Red-tailed Comets in peer-reviewed literature. However, we found that about 4% of the photographs of hummingbird-flower interactions involving this species on citizen science platforms showed clear nectar robbing behavior. Our results suggest that nectar robbing is not an uncommon behavior for the Red-tailed Comet and highlight the hidden, yet immense, value of citizen science photographic databases to document avian natural history and behavior.
BASIC COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACHES IN LANGUAGE LEARNING (OBJECT PERFORMANCE FOCUS (OPF), USING PODCASTING AS A RESOURCE)
Authors: Ejupi Suzana , Ajdini Florim
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to conduct research concerning some basic cognitive constructivist approaches in language learning, in this particular, English as a foreign language. On the focus are the English Language Department Students. The main focus of this study is Object Performance (OP), which uses Podcasting as the main resource. Furthermore, after an in-depth analytical approach to the use of podcasting in language learning, it aims to unveil some of the main students’ cognitive activities, related to the podcast content and facts, as seen from the object performance perspective, which helps them recall the previous empirical knowledge content and facts by linking them to those conveyed by the podcasting content. Such an analysis between the two types of processed content results in a strong impact on structuring ‘a new blended knowledge with the students’ in both oral and written language productivity. It has also been proven that this cognitive approach is a real spin of knowledge that strengthens their overall communication in English as a foreign language.
Dutch Google News themes messed up
Authors: Willighagen Egon
Published: March 2024

Recently, a Dutch version of Google News was started, and might mean a replacement for nu.nl. I do not like the verbose layout much, because it makes it more difficult to scan headlines. I do like the themes. Except for one. The English theme ‘Sci/Tech’ is Wetenschap in the Dutch version, or plain Science. And it annoys me to read IT headlines when looking up scientific news.
History, provenance, detail
Authors: Willighagen Egon
Published: March 2024

Just a quick note: I just love the level of detail Wikidata allows us to use. One of the marvels is the practices of named as, which can be used in statements for subject and objects. The notion and importance here is that things are referred to in different ways, and these properties allows us to link the interpretation with the source.
Making BridgeDb Derby files with Groovy
Authors: Willighagen Egon
Published: March 2024

I just want to drop this here. There are various ways to make BridgeDb identifier mapping files.
Trouble running the CDK JUnit tests with Cacao and Kaffe
Authors: Willighagen Egon
Published: March 2024

Because I am still looking forward to testing CDK against the latest Classpath 0.20, I downloaded cacao 0.94-1 for Debian sid, then tried to compile CDK with it: JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/cacao ant -Dbuild.compiler=gcj clean test-all But that hangs at some point with zero load. I have no idea what is going on there.
AI as a Budgeting Tool: Panacea or Pandora’s Box?
Authors: Lee Michael , Hayes Daniel , Maher Craig
Published: March 2024

Local government officials are consistently tasked with doing more with less. The combination of fiscal institutions, devolution of fiscal federalism, voter frustration, and economic shocks have been the leading causes of these more recent challenges. However, the reality is that smaller local governments, by their very nature, struggle with service provision. This paper explores the next evolution of change to local governments – artificial intelligence (AI), specifically ChatGPT – and its potential for local governments. We discuss the use of AI in budgeting, with a focus on financial data management and statistical analysis, including forecasting and policy recommendations for a small Nebraska municipality. Our experience with ChatGPT highlights its powerful capabilities for data processing. Transitioning to ChatGPT-4 from ChatGPT-3.5 (with or without Python) improved data processing efficiency but introduced financial costs, and we observed that the use of detailed and precise prompts enhances output quality across all versions. Achieving a balance between time, cost, data preparation, and prompt precision is crucial for optimizing the potential of ChatGPT in financial data analysis.
Prediction of diabetes using supervised classification
Authors: Sun Andre , Sun Faneng
Published: March 2024

Diabetes is one of the common chronic diseases that impacts 28.7 million people in the US as of 2019, accounting for 8.7% of the total population. Early identification of diabetes is very important in disease control and management. A number of prior studies provided compelling evidence that machine learning can help identify diabetes early allowing for timely treatment. It remains a challenge to appropriately assess, optimize and refine the classification models based on specific dataset for diabetes prediction with high accuracy. In this study, we aimed to develop a model with improved accuracy for diabetes prediction. We employed six learning algorithms, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting on the Pima Indians Diabetes Dataset. The performance of each model was evaluated for the prediction of diabetes in validation datasets using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Gradient boosting provided an accuracy of 81.8%, outperforming all other classification models in most of the performance measures. Collectively, the gradient boosting model appeared to provide an appropriate algorithm for diabetes prediction with high accuracy based on the diagnostic measurements gathered in this specific dataset. Of note, the insights yielded from this exploratory study may only be applicable to this subpopulation of diabetes patients. It remains to be further validated with datasets derived from more diverse diabetes populations before the findings can be generalized to a wider diabetes patient population.
The Digital Markets Act’s Innovation Paradox: Towards a Digital Magna Carta and Leviathan?
Authors: Liwanda Ishmael
Published: March 2024

The Digital Markets Act (DMA) represents the culmination of over a decade of debate and litigation on how to deal with the impact of the largest technology companies on the European economy. The DMA explicitly seeks to promote fairness and contestability. But it is also undeniable a key motivation behind the regulation was to promote competition and innovation in digital markets. This article aspired to partially address a simple, but complex question: Will the DMA promote innovation? It is argued that the DMA is concerned with the promotion of specific forms of competition innovation, with an emphasis on the structural redistribution of economic rents to achieve its aims. The article posits that the predominant forms of innovation competition promoted in the regulation both exemplify the DMA’s genius as well as its principal failing. By prioritising its pursuit of structural rent distribution, the DMA fails to acknowledge the idiosyncrasies of individual digital markets, instead favouring particular forms of innovation competition. As a result, the regulation is at risk of becoming a regulatory Leviathan: an overbearing set of rules whose objective is to impose or foster particular forms of competitive pressure in the digital sector, regardless of whether such competition is effective.
Fighting for IP Equity: A Zoom on the Forthcoming Who Pandemic Agreement
Authors: Vane Marie-Denise
Published: March 2024

Faced with the impact of COVID-19, WHO Member States agreed to draft and negotiate an agreement on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response. A proposal for negotiating text of this WHO Pandemic Agreement was prepared by the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body’s Bureau and shared with its Drafting Group in October 2023 for its consideration. This process should lead to the adoption of a legally binding accord. This article considers the usefulness of this international instrument for pandemic prevention, preparedness and response in relation to intellectual property (IP) to ultimately recognise such usefulness but to argue that the negotiating text could be more ambitious. It focuses on the Agreement potential to mitigate the impact of IP regulations that favour developed countries and their pharmaceutical industries. The article first highlights how the international IP system, through the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, disempowered developing countries in their battle against COVID-19. It then focuses on provisions relating to IP law found in the negotiating text to explore and question its potential to contribute to IP equity for developing countries for future pandemics. Finally, the article proposes recommendations to strengthen the impact of a WHO Pandemic Agreement in the fight for IP equity.
A Language Style Analysis of Press Release at The Walt Disney Company Website
Authors: Anindya Nissa , Agustina Hiqma Nur , Betari Asa Wisesa
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the language style employed in press statements issued by the Walt Disney Company, focusing on comprehending how this language style contributes to effective corporate communication. A qualitative descriptive methodology was applied, with the research drawing upon press statements available on Walt Disney's official website.  The analysis of language style was based on the principles of sentence structure as outlined by Gorys Keraf, encompassing five distinct styles: climax, anti-climax, parallelism, antithesis, and repetition. The findings of this research revealed that repetition emerged as the predominant language style, accounting for 50% of the language styles identified, while anti-climax was the least frequently used, making up only 2%. This prevalence of repetition in press statements was observed to serve the purpose of reinforcing key messages, aiding reader recall, and ultimately facilitating more effective communication. This research explores how language style is important in business communication, using the well-known example of the Walt Disney Company. This research is looking at how the specific way language is used in their press statements helps them communicate better. These findings can be useful in different areas, like marketing, public relations, and business communication. Furthermore, this study demonstrates how analyzing language can help us understand the different styles companies use in their communication.
الحماية القانونية لجثث القتلى في النزاعات المسلحة دراسة تحليلية في ضوء أحكام القانون الدولي الانساني
Authors: الطالقاني م.د أبو طالب هاشم
Published: March 2024

يُسفر عن أي حرب أو نزاع مسلح، سواء كان داخلياً ام دولياً، العديد من الويلات والمآسي الإنسانية بسبب ما تخلّفه هذه الحروب من دمار وكوارث إنسانية تطال جميع ضحايا النزاعات المسلحة بما فيهم القتلى ، إذ تقر المواثيق والأعراف الدولية بالحماية القانونية للقتلى وذويهم، وتمنح هؤلاء الحق في معرفة مصيرهم من خلال جمع المعلومات والبيانات وكافة الوثائق المتعلقة بالقتلى، إذ يجب أن يتمكن ذووهم من البحث والاستقصاء  لمعرفة مصيرهم  او طلب معلومات دقيقة ومفصلة عن أماكن دفنهم، وإمكانية زيارة مقابر ذويهم ممن قُتلوا في النزاعات المسلحة، فضلاً عن حقهم في طلب نقل جثمانهم إلى بلدان ذويهم وحفظ هذه الجثث وعدم المساس بها، وهذا ما أكدت عليه المادة (17) من اتفاقية جنيف الاولى لعام 1949، والبرتوكول الإضافي الأول الملحق بهذه الاتفاقيات والصادر عام 1977، اذ أكدت المادة (32) من هذا البرتوكول على هذه الإحكام. لما كفلت أحكام القانون الدولي الإنساني العرفية والاتفاقية حماية خاصة للقتلى نفسهم من خلال إلزامها أطراف النزاع المسلّح باحترام قدسية جثث القتلى وعدم المساس بها او تشويها او التلاعب بها او حرقها إلا ما يدخل ضمن طقوس ومراسم الدفن الي يعتنقها المتوفى. و تلزم أحكام القانون الدولي الإنساني أطراف النزاع بإتباع الطقوس والشعائر الدينية التي يعتنقها الموتى عند دفنهم، وهذا يشكّل جوهر بحثنا متمنين الوفاء بتقديم دراسة قانونية موضوعية متكاملة.
تنظيمُ القانُونُ الدوليّ للمجمُوعاتِ الإرهابيّة ( تنظيم داعش الإرهابي انموذجاً)
Authors: الاسدي م.م حوراء شياع شرهان , الشمري م. م كرار حيدر ضياء , الشمري م. م نوار غضبان فارس
Published: March 2024

شهد المجتمع الدولي في السنوات الأخيرة تحولات عـــدّة كان لها الأثر العميق في تشكيل العلاقات الدولية , مما أدى إلى ظهور وضع دولي جديد في معالجة القضايا والمشاكل المطروحة , وتعاظمت المخاطر الإرهابية بشكل خطير وملفت , وهذا ما أكدته الإحصائيات الحديثة بوجود ما يقارب أكثـر من 370 من المنظمات والمجموعات الإرهابية في معظم الدول , مما أدى إلى تحول الإرهاب من داخلي يمارس داخل أقاليم الدولة الواحدة , فضلاً عن الإعداد والتنفيذ والتخطيط , إلى إرهاب دولي تطور بصورة كبيرة , فأصبح يستهدف مواقع وضحايا أكثـر من دولة, فكانت أحداث 11 سبتمبر  عام 2001 , وقد استعملت الولايات المتحدة جميع الوسائل من أجـل  تحقيق أهدافها , فضلا عن ضرورة تحديد دول التنظيم القانوني لهذه المجموعات الإرهابية على النطاق الدولي مع وجود عدد تنظيمات أثارت الجدل حول تنظيمها ووضعها القانوني ومنها (تنظيم داعش(.
الركن المفترض في جريمة الكسب غير المشروع (دراسة مقارنة)
Authors: المعموري أ.د خالد خضير دحام , جايش رياض حامد
Published: March 2024

تتطلب جريمة الكسب غير المشروع توافر ركناً خاصاً، المتمثل بتوفر صفة معينة، فيمن يرتكب هذه الجريمة، المتمثلة أنْ يكون الفاعل من ضمن الفئات، والاشخاص الذين الزامهم المشرّع بالكشف عن عناصر ذممهم المالية، إذْ تعد جريمة الكسب غير المشروع صورة من صور جرائم الفساد المالي، التي تعتري الوظيفة العامة، وتهدد كيان الدولة، مما دفع المشرّع إلى تشريع القوانين التي تكافح هذه الجريمة، ومعاقبة كل ما يرتكبها، بهدف حماية المال العالم، والوظيفة العامة من خطر استغلالها، أو متاجرة بها؛ بغية الحصول على المكاسب غير المشروعة، وبذلك فقد شرع المشرع العراقي قانون هيأة النزاهة، والكسب غير المشروع رقم (30) لسنة 2019م، الذي من خلاله جرّم الكسب غير المشروع، كما نصَّ على الأشخاص والفئات الملزمة، بتقديم تقارير كشف الذمة المالية عن مصالحهم المالية، ومصالح ذويهم.
التغييرُ فِي السيّاسةِ الخارجيّةِ السويديّةِ من الحيادِ إلى الانحيازِ بعد الغزو الروسيّ لأوكرانيا عام 2022
Authors: أ.د.عباس هاشم عزيز
Published: March 2024

أنهت السويد قرنين من الحياد بتقديم طلب للانضمام إلى منظمة حلف شمال الأطلسي (الناتو)، وأظهر هذا التغيير تحولاً تاريخياً في سياستها الخارجية أثناء قمة الناتو في 29 حزيران/ يونيو 2022، وهو انعكاس للتغيير في البيئة الأمـنية في أوروبا , والذي حدث نتيجة الغزو الروسي لأوكرانيا شباط/ فبراير 2022, وأحدث تغييراً كبيراً في محيط بيئتها الأوروبية، ومثّل تهديداً مباشراً لشمال اوربا, وإنَّ تخلي السويد عن سياسة الحياد، جاء تحت ضغط المحاولات الروسية لإعـادة مكانتها في شمال أوروبا لاسيما في بحر البلطيق , ومحاولات عسكرة القطب الشمالي، وهذا الأمر حتم على السويد إعـادة تقييم سياستها الخارجية والأمـنية وتوجيهها للاحتماء في مظلة الناتو، وهو توجيه يتجاوز التقاليد العسكرية القديمة التي تبنتها منذ عام 1814.
أحكـام استثمار العوائد النفطيّة في التشريعِ العراقيّ
Authors: سدخان أ. د. سناء محمد , رنا طعمة كواد
Published: March 2024

يعد الاستثمار بشكل عام جزءًا من اقتصاد الدول, وكان سبباً في تقدم المجتمعات ورقيها, وقد شهد العالم تغييرات مالية واقتصادية هامة أثـرت كثيراً في الدول النامية التي تواجه تحديات هامة لتنمية نفسها اجتماعياً واقتصادياً, مما استدعى وضع استراتيجيات داخلية وخارجية لتحقيق ذلك ومن أهمها الاستثمار بجانبيه المحلي والاجنبي, وبما أنَّ العراق من الدول الريعية التي تعتمد العوائد النفطية لتمويل الانفاق والمجالات التنموية, لذا كان لابد من البحث عن بدائل لدعم الاقتصاد الوطني وتنميته, وأهمها استثمار العوائد لإحداث تنمية مستدامة وإنشـاء صناديق سيادية للحفاظ على حصة الأجيـال القادمة من هذه الثروة واستثمارها استثماراً مناسباً ؛ لأنَّها تسهم في رفع كفاءة أداة وانتاجية القطاعات الأخـرى فضلا عن وصفها بأنّها أهم عناصر التنمية بــأبعادها المختلفة, والمصدر الأسـاس لتمويل الموازنة العامة للدولة.
الوسائل الوقائية للحد من الضرر الطارئ في الاستملاك (دراسة مقارنة)
Authors: الخفاجي أ.د وسن قاسم غني , عباس علي صاحب حسين
Published: March 2024

إذا كانت غاية الاستملاك تحقيق المنفعة العامة ، ولكن قد يترتب على قيام الإدارة  بالإستملاك  أحداث أضرار جسيمة تارةً تفوق المنافع المراد تحقيقها ، فنكون بصدد تعارض بيّن مصلحتين عامتين أو تارةً أخرى يترتب أحداث أضرار في واقع المنفعة الخاصة ، فتتضرر عقارات معينة من هذا الاستملاك ، فنكون بصدد التعارض بيّن المصلحة العامة والمصلحة الخاصة ، وهذا الضرر ليس ناتج عن اتجاه اراده الادارة المستملكة في تحقيقه بصورة مقصودة ، وإنما نشأ بصورة طارئة وعرضية بسبب نوع المنفعة الناتجة من المشاريع المقامة على العقار المستملك ، مما دعا بعض التشريعات إلى التصدي بوسائل وقائية ، تمثلت بالرقابة القضائية الواسعة للموازنة بيّن الأضرار والمنافع التي يمكن ان تتحقق فيما لو تم الاستملاك، عندما يحدث تعارض بيّن مصلحتين عامتين، أما في الصورة الثانية من التعارض فالرقابة القضائية لا توفر الحماية للمصلحة الخاصة لأن عند تعارضها مع المصلحة العامة ترجح الأخيرة على الأولى، لذا اعتمد المشرع وسيلة وقائية أخرى تمثلت بالتشريعات العادية والفرعية المنظمة في قيام المنفعة العامة.
القانُونُ الواجبُ التطبِيقِ علَى الإرادةِ المنفردةِفِي ظلِ القانُونِ الدوليّ الخاصِ (دراسة تحليلية في القانون العراقي)
Authors: مظلوم أ.م.د رغد عبد الأمير
Published: March 2024

إنَّ الإرادة المنفردة المشوبة بعنصر أجنبي قد يثور بشأنها نزاع معين مما يتطلب تحديد القانون الواجب التطبيق على مثل هذا النوع من التصرفات, التي تتم بإرادة منفردة واحدة وقد ازدادت أهمية هذا الموضوع ولاسيما بعد زيادة حالات الوعد بجائزة من طرف في دولة معينة ويتم تنفيذه من طرف آخر مستفيد من هذه الجائزة والذي يكون من دولة أخرى مما يتطلب تحديد القانون الواجب التطبيق من خلال تحديد قاعدة الإسناد التي تحدد القانون الواجب التطبيق على الإرادة المنفردة، إذ لا يوجد نص قانوني صريح في القوانين العراقية , وعلى وجهه التحديد في القانون المدني العراقي يحدد القانون الواجب التطبيق على الإرادة المنفردة مما يتطلب الرجوع إلى القواعد العامة الواردة في نص المادة (٢٥) والتي تحدد قواعد الإسناد التي تخضع لها العقود الدولية , ولكن باستثناء قاعدة قانون الإرادة (القانون المختار) الذي لا يمكن تطبيقه على الإرادة المنفردة , وذلك للصفة التي تمتاز بها الإرادة المنفردة , والتي تتم بإرادة طرف واحد على العكس من العقود الدولية التي تتم بإرادة الطرفين المتعاقدين، إذا يمكن جعل قانون الموطن من صدر عنه التصرف هو من الضوابط الأصلية , والأكثر ملاءمة لحكم الإرادة المنفردة , وفي تعذر معرفته يمكن اللجوء إلى ضابط مكان الإبرام , فضلاً عن وجود بعض الضوابط الاحتياطية التي يمكن للقاضي اللجوء إليها في الأحوال التي تنعدم فيها الضوابط الأصلية.
Effect of generator temperature on steam ejector performance in renewable refrigeration cycle considering wet steam model and dry steam model
Authors: Jiang Jian , Yin Yanping
Published: March 2024

The rise in global warming has led to an increased utilization of cooling systems. High energy consumption associated with common refrigeration cycles not only contributes to air pollution but also intensifies the consumption of fossil fuels. Consequently, the imperative to conserve energy has become paramount in today's world. One of the methods to decrease energy consumption involves employing systems capable of harnessing waste heat from industries, solar energy, and other sources. The ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) stands as an example of such systems. In present study, the impact of elevating the generator temperature on various aspects such as flow behavior in the ejector, aerodynamic shocks, entrainment ratio (ER), and entropy production was examined. The investigation encompassed both wet steam model (WSM) and dry steam model (DSM). Based on the findings, it was observed that with an increase in generator temperature, the ER decreases while the production entropy increases. In the WSM, the liquid mass fraction (LMF) also experiences an increase. Additionally, the Mach number distribution in the DSM surpasses that of the WSM and the temperature drop in the DSM is greater compared to the WSM. With the rise in generator temperature from 388 K to 418 K, both the DSM and WSM exhibit a decrease in ER by 52.9% and 58.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the production entropy experiences a substantial increase of 180% and 206% for the DSM and WSM, respectively.
Artificial Intelligence in Education: Investigating Teacher Attitudes
Authors: Aghaziarati Ali , Nejatifar Sara , Abedi Ahmad
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate teachers' attitudes towards AI in education, focusing on identifying the perceived benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations associated with AI integration into teaching and learning environments. Utilizing a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 educators from various educational levels and disciplines. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interview data, identifying key themes and concepts related to teachers' perspectives on AI in education. Four main themes were identified: Pedagogical Impacts, Ethical and Social Considerations, Technological Challenges and Opportunities, and Perceptions of AI in Education. Pedagogical Impacts encompassed enhancing learning outcomes, curriculum integration, and the evolving roles of teachers. Ethical and Social Considerations highlighted concerns over data privacy, bias, and equity. Technological Challenges and Opportunities discussed integration challenges and the future of educational technology. Lastly, Perceptions of AI in Education revealed varied attitudes, awareness levels, and perceived impacts on professional identity. Teachers recognize the transformative potential of AI in enhancing personalized learning and operational efficiency. However, concerns about ethical issues, technological infrastructure, and the need for professional development are significant. Addressing these concerns requires targeted efforts from policymakers, educational leaders, and technologists to foster a supportive environment for AI integration in education.
The Role of Chatbots in Mental Health Interventions: User Experiences
Authors: Saadati Seyed Amir , Saadati Seyed Milad
Published: March 2024

This study aims to explore the user experiences of individuals interacting with mental health chatbots, identifying key themes related to engagement, efficacy, satisfaction, barriers, and potential improvements. The objective is to inform the design and implementation of chatbot interventions to better meet the needs of users seeking mental health support. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 22 participants who have used mental health chatbots. Thematic analysis was conducted to extract major and minor themes from the transcribed interviews, focusing on the aspects of user interaction, perceived benefits, and areas for enhancement in chatbot functionality. Five major themes were identified: User Engagement and Interaction, Perceived Efficacy, User Satisfaction and Trust, Barriers and Limitations, and Future Directions and Improvements. These encompassed various categories such as ease of use, personalization, emotional support, privacy concerns, technological issues, and suggestions for advanced AI and better integration with professional care. Participants valued chatbots for their accessibility and personalized support but highlighted the need for improvements in emotional understanding and technical reliability. Mental health chatbots are a promising tool for supporting individuals with their mental health needs, offering benefits in terms of engagement, personalized support, and perceived efficacy. However, addressing identified barriers such as technological limitations and emotional disconnect is crucial for enhancing user satisfaction and trust. Future developments should focus on incorporating advanced AI technologies, ensuring user privacy, and integrating chatbots more closely with traditional mental health services.
The Digital Divide: A Qualitative Study of Technology Access in Rural Communities
Authors: Tahmasebi Farrokh
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to explore the nature and implications of the digital divide in rural communities, identifying the key barriers to digital access and utilization. It sought to understand the socioeconomic, educational, and infrastructural factors contributing to the divide and to propose targeted interventions for bridging the gap. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from various rural communities. The interviews were designed to capture in-depth insights into participants' experiences with digital access and usage. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes and patterns related to the digital divide. The study revealed that economic barriers, inadequate educational resources, and insufficient infrastructure significantly hinder digital access in rural areas. Economic challenges include the affordability of devices and services, while educational barriers encompass both the availability of digital literacy programs and the reliance on schools for digital access. Infrastructure issues, notably internet connectivity and reliability, further exacerbate the digital divide. Additionally, the study highlighted the importance of tailored financial and educational services to support rural communities. Bridging the digital divide in rural communities requires a multifaceted approach that addresses economic, educational, and infrastructural barriers. Targeted policy interventions and collaborative efforts between stakeholders are crucial for enhancing digital inclusion and ensuring equitable access to technology for rural populations. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies that go beyond improving connectivity to foster meaningful digital engagement and utilization.
The Impact of AI on Trends, Design, and Consumer Behavior
Authors: Yazdani Ali , Darbani Shoaleh
Published: March 2024

This study aims to explore the multifaceted impact of AI on trends, design innovations, and shifts in consumer behavior. It seeks to identify the main themes that characterize AI's influence across these domains, providing insights into how AI is reshaping consumer interactions, design practices, and market dynamics. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with 27 participants from various professional backgrounds, including digital design, AI research, trend analysis, consumer psychology, and product development. Thematic analysis was employed to distill the data into coherent themes, categories, and concepts. The analysis revealed three main themes: Trends in AI Adoption and Impact, Design Innovations Enabled by AI, and Shifts in Consumer Behavior due to AI. Each theme comprises several categories with specific concepts that highlight AI's role in personalization, automation, ethical practices, sustainable solutions, user experience design, interactive and adaptive design, purchasing behavior, engagement, and consumer trust. These findings illuminate the comprehensive influence of AI, from enhancing operational efficiencies and ethical considerations to reshaping consumer purchasing decisions and engagement strategies. AI's integration into consumer markets, design processes, and societal trends presents both opportunities and challenges. This study underscores the importance of ethical considerations, consumer trust, and personalized experiences in leveraging AI's potential. By navigating these elements thoughtfully, AI can contribute positively to consumer behavior, design innovation, and market trends, fostering a more engaged, efficient, and ethically conscious future.