bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF LYCAENA, FROM NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

LYCAENA ASTER.

Male.—Expands 1 inch.

Upper side purplish-blue, the costal margin of primaries silvery; both hind margins narrowly eaged black; secondaries have a marginal series of black points or minute spots; fringes white.

Under side white; primaries have the hind margin edged by a fuscous line thickened at each nervule; a submarginal row of rounded black spots entirely across the wing, and parallel to the margin; a discal row of smaller spots in a curve from costa to lower median interspace, the next spot below out of and behind the line; on the arc a thick bar. Secondaries have an oblong, rounded, fuscous spot at the end of each nervule, but otherwise the edge is white; a submarginal series of metallic points, each of which is overlaid by orange, and above this a black crescent; a discal series of black points, following the costal margin from base, and running parallel with hind margin to lower median interspace, after which there are two spots back of the line; on arc a streak, a dot nearer base, and another below cell.
LIST OF THE SPECIES OF TRIPUDIA AND GYROS
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

I have described the genus Tripudia in the Can. Ent., but the characters are not obvious until we know the neuration, which I am satisfied will give us distinguishing features from Eustrotia and Thalpochares. Compared with these the front is narrow and a little bulging; the vestiture is scaly, and there is a ridge of scales on the occiput. The lashless naked eyes, the slender unarmed tibiae agree with its allies. The wings are entire and there is a velvety band on the primaries, not legible, however, in two minute, pyralidiform species which may not be different, my flavofasciata and Mr. Edward's versuta. The species are only known to me as yet from single examples, and are from the South. Limbata has the hind wings orange; the rest fuscous or blackish, silky.
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF N. AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Chionobas Varuna.

Male.—Expands 1.6 to 1.75 inch.

Upper side brown, individuals varying from yellow to red and blackbrown, but in the examples under view red predominates; costal edge of primaries dark brown, next base dusted with white; apex and hind margin edged with dark brown, which fades insensibly into the ground color; beyond the disk, one to four small black ocelli; where one only is present, it is on the upper discoidal interspace; where two, the second is on lower median interspace; where all are present, the two extreme are large and about equal in size, the interior pair minute.

Secondaries have a narrow brown border, clearly defined on inner side; all the nervures and branches edged with dark scales; the ocelli are from nil to five, small, black; when all are present they stand one on each interspace from subcostal to lower median; fringes of primaries mixed light and dark brown, of secondaries mostly light.
PREPARATORY STAGES OF AGROTIS ANNEXA, Tr.
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Diameter .03 inch. Shape globular, the base rather broad, the sides ribbed longitudinally, 12 of these ridges which reach the apex alternating with twice as many more of different lengths. The ridges are connected by slender cross bars, the transverse sides of the included spaces being longer than the longitudinal. The small apical space is punctured. Color white. Duration of this period, 4 days.

Young Larva.—Length .07 of an inch. Color pale grayish-white, a little pinkish on the anterior part. Head and top of joint 1 black. Piliferous spots small, black, the gray hairs arising from each a little longer than the diameter of the body. Legs 16, but the first and second pairs of abdominal, short so that the middle of the body is arched a little in walking. After eating the color of the body is pale grayish green. The piliferous spots, or at least the thoracic, in a single transverse row to each joint. Duration of this period, 8 days.
NEW TABANIDÆ
Authors: Marten John
Published: February 2010

Sub-genus Therisplectes.—“Eyes pubescent; ocelligerous tubercle more or less distinct; eyes (female) with three or four bright green or bluish cross-bands.”

T. Californicus, n. sp. Length 17 mm. Eyes pubescent, with thin purplish bands. Front yellowish-gray; callosity nearly square, brownish, shining, prolonged above; ocelligerous tubercles brownish-black on a black spot. Face and cheeks grayish with white hairs. Palpi yellowish white with small black hairs, Antennæ reddish; annulate portion of third joint black; upper angle prominent. Thorax grayish-brown with the usual gray stripes and golden yellow pubescence; humerus reddish; pleura and pectus grayish with long white hairs. Abdomen brownish-black, sides of first four segments brownish-yellow, which color leaves a row of black irregular spots in the middle, largest on the second segment and smallest on the third; also dark oblique spots on lateral margins. Venter yellowish with yellow pubescence; darker on the last three segments. Femora black, brownish at the tip; front tibiæ dark brown, proximal end lighter; second and third tibiæ darker toward the tip; tarsi dark brown. Wings byaline; costal cell light brown; faint clouds in cross-veins and bifurcation of third vein.
NEW SPECIES AND NOTES ON STRUCTURE OF MOTHS AND GENERA
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

The veins of the wings in the moths are usually considered to fall into four main branches. I would, however, consider them to afford only two series; vein 1 of the German Entomologists belonging to the median series, and vein 12 to the sub-costal series of venules. In describing the neuration of Euherrichia (= Herrichia Grote non Staudinger) I have accidentally written “sub-median” for “median.” Generic characters in the Noctuidœ are offered by the disposition of veins 6 to 9 on the fore wings and of the median series on the hind wings, from which vein 5 is sometimes (Spragueia) absent. In addition there is the presence of an accessory cell to be noted on primaries, which is caused by the peculiar position and course of the subcostal series of venules.
NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF SOME SPECIES OF UROCERIDÆ
Authors: Harrington W. Hague
Published: February 2010

Although my collections hitherto have been chiefly of Coleoptera, I have, as opportunity offered, captured specimens in other orders, and among those thus taken during the past season are representatives of a few species of the Uroceridæ. I wish now to record a few brief notes on these—the more readily, because so little regarding this group has been published in the Entomologist.

1. On the 25th of June last I captured upon a recently dead maple tree, near my house, two rather small insects, of which the larger had its ovipositor inserted in the bark. They proved to be two female specimens of Xiphydria albicornis Harris. One was half an inch long, the other five-eighths.
ALYPIA OCTOMACULATA
Authors: Lyman H. H.
Published: February 2010

Last June I was in Boston, from the 14th to the 30th, and during this time Alypia octomaculata was in season and very abundant. Had I chosen to carry a net in the public gardens and uptown streets, I suppose I could have taken a couple of hundred specimens, always provided that I wasn't “run in” as a lunatic. As it was, I contented myself with carrying a supply of pill boxes, and succeeded in taking about thirty-five specimens. During two days I was visiting a friend about seven miles from the city, but did not see a single specimen of this species; but in those streets in which there were small plots of grass in front of the houses, they were very common. The spot where I took the most of those I captured was a plot of grass about ten feet by seven, in which there was a Syringa between two Deutzias, both species of shrubs being in blossom.
DESCRIPTION OF A DIPTEROUS PARASITE OF PHYLLOXERA VASTATRIX
Authors: Fyles T. W.
Published: February 2010

Larva, one-tenth of an inch in length—pointed at the head—rounded and blunt at the hinder extremity. First three segments the color of amber, and semi-transparent: the rest of the body salmon-colored. Nine sets of hooks, or tentacles, in place of feet, the two first in pairs, the remainder in threes. The larva has the habit of holding itself erect, by means of peculiar anal protuberances which seem to cling by suction. The body has minute hairs thinly scattered over it. On the sides of the head, which is small and black, there are bristle-like palpi, pointing forwards The larva is full fed by the end of August.
NOTE ON THE GENUS TRIPUDIA AND ON THE SPECIES OF SPRAGUEIA
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

On pages 231 to 238 of the Canadian Entomologist for 1879, I gave a list of the species of Spragueia and allied genera. I am still in doubt of the position of Apicella, from want of material to examine. It may belong to Fruva, which can be readily ascertained. The genus Tripudia may be identical with Oribates of Hy. Edwards, described more recently. I have seen the type of O. Versutus, and, without being able to compare it, it seemed to me identical with my previously published Tripudia flavofasciata Grote, Can. Ent., 1877, p. 69. The type of Tripudia is this species, to which I have joined quadrifera of Zeller, from Texas, as a second. Whether the orange species Muirii and limbatus belong here can be ascertained by proper dissections, which should be undertaken as soon as possible.
A NEW SPECIES OF ICTHYURA
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Icthyura Palla, n. sp.

Length of body, including anal tuft, .56 of an inch. Expanse 1.10 inches. General color of body and primaries pale gray, the latter rather sparsely sprinkled with dark brown scales. Palpi brown above, scarcely projecting beyond the head, third joint concealed by the hairs of the others. Front slightly brownish, a tuft of pale gray scales at the base of each antenna, the usual deep brown mark from between the antennæ to the top of the thoracic crest. Primaries with the usual transverse lines almost white. The basal line makes a bend outward on the median vein; from this it goes in a straight course to the submedian vein; from this to the posterior or inner margin it curves a little outward. A second line extends from the costa about one-fourth of the distance from the base obliquely to the posterior margin, near the posteriol angle.
NOTES ON CERTAIN BUTTERFLIES, THEIR HABITS, ETC
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

8. On Young Caterpillars Eating their Egg Shells.

Mr. Scudder, Butterflies, p. 101, says, after describing the way in which the caterpillar eats out of the egg: “The taste he has gained of egg-shell seems to allure him; for, strange as it may seem, although placed by the provident parent within immediate reach of choice and succulent food, he will not taste it until he has devoured the last remmant of his prison-walls. Strange food this for a new born babe! The act, however, is plainly a provision of nature by which the tender animal is rid of a sure token to his enemies of his immediate proximity.” Surely here is an error in fact, and a wrong conclusion whatever the fact may be. I read the above statement on the 25th July last, and at once went to my garden to search for eggs of Libythea Bachmanni, on Hackberry leaves. The young caterpillars of this species are green, of a shade so near that of the leaves they feed on, that it is very difficult to discover them. Even where the tip of the leaf has been eaten, and their presence is suspected, it is easy to overlook them. I found at once three eggs and one young caterpillar. The egg from which this caterpillar had come was present at the base of the leaf on the extreme tip of which the little creature rested. A hole was in its side near the top, and no more had been eaten than just enough to permit egress.
MIGRATION OF DRAGON-FLIES—Aeschna heros (Fabr.)
Authors: Mundt A. H.
Published: February 2010

On the evening of August 13th, 1881, I observed them between the hours of 5 and 7 o'clock. The air for miles around seemed literally alive with these dragon-flies, from a foot above ground to as far as the eye could reach, all flying in the same direction, a south-westerly course, and the few that would occasionally cross the track of the majority could all the more easily be noticed from the very regular and swift course they generally pursued; but even these few stray ones would soon fall in with the rest again. Very few were seen alighting, and all carefully avoided any movable obstacles.

The next day very few were seen on the prairies, and these mostly of another species very abundant in this country, Anax junius (Drury), which were probably at home previously, and in a few days I could see none others but the latter. A few newspapers, and also a few correspondents from twelve to fifteen miles east and west of here, had observed and mentioned their flight.
REMARKS ON THE GENERIC CHARACTERS OF THE NOCTUIDÆ
Authors: Smith John B.
Published: February 2010

“I can get along very well with the Butterflies, and I know something about Beetles, but the Noctuidœ were always a great puzzle to me.” So writes one of my correspondents, and to the same effect are expressions, both oral and written, from nearly all the collectors I have had any acquaintance with. And yet there is no good reason why the Noctuidœ more than the other families or groups should be considered so very difficult. True that the species are often very closely allied, and true also that there is often more difference between variations of one species than there is between valid (so considered at present) species. Yet there are many excellent characters in the Noctuidœ, easily recognized and readily discerned, which make the placing an unknown species into its proper genus a task of little difficulty.
FIELD NOTES—1881
Authors: Harrington W. H.
Published: February 2010

The earth covered by its first mantle of snow reminds one that the collecting season is virtually ended, and the lengthening evenings allure one to the study fireside to go carefully over note books and collections and to read the recorded labors of fellow Entomologists.

A few memoranda from my own note book may perhaps not be barren of interest to some of the less experienced readers of the Entomologist. I find that almost the first insect of spring was the Mud-wasp, Polestes annulatus, which appeared with a few flies and spiders about the 15th of March. This wasp is very abundant here, and from the pulverized macadam of the streets thousands of its mud cells are constructed every summer under the window-sills and numerous cornices of the Parliament Buildings, about which the wasps linger until the end of October. Toward the end of March a few bees and a number of small beetles, as Amarainterstitialis, appeared.
LARVA AND PUPA OF PHEOSIA RIMOSA, Pack
Authors: Goodhue Chas. F.
Published: February 2010

Mature larva, 1.50 to 1.75 long. The body increases in size from the head to the anal segment, deeply incised between the segments. Head small and nearly round; first four segments can be retracted nearly onehalf. Head and entire upper parts of body pale slate color, slightly shaded with brown on the dorsal portion. Yellow beneath between the legs, also a slight stigmatal line of the same color. Caudal horn short and black; the black extends from the base of horn to below the stigmatae. Anal shield rusty and rough; stigmatae black, encircled with yellow; abdominal feet black, the rest pale yellowish. Another specimen differs in color, being pale lavender, a slightly darker dorsal line. Under parts between the legs, a faint substigmatal line greenish yellow. Another, slightly smaller, was of a bright pea green color, with a bright yellow stigmatal stripe, in other respects like the former. The larvae are very much like those of the Sphingidae in appearance, and are exceedingly smooth and shiny. Found on willows and poplars, the last of Sept. The transformation takes place in a slight cocoon of dead leaves fastened together with a few silken threads, on the surface of the ground, much in the manner of Darapsa myron.
NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN SYRPHIDÆ
Authors: Williston S. W.
Published: February 2010

In the preparation of a synopsis of the North American genera of Syrphidæ, I have found several new species that could not be placed in any of our known genera. A careful study of the figures and descriptions of exotic forms has not thrown much light upon them, and I am therefore constrained to regard them as new.

With the genera included in the present paper, and resuscitating Macquart's Toxomerus, the number now recorded from North America will reach sixty, all but five or six of which are in the writer's collection. Of these, but nine or ten have not yet been found east of the Central Plains, and the following, only, that are not now known west of that region, viz., Triglyphus, Senogaster, Pyrophaena, Doros, Ocyptamus, Rhingia, Brachyalpus, Somula, Temnostoma, Merapioidus, Pterallastis, Teuchocnemis and Lepidomyia, leaving nearly forty genera that occur entirely across the continent; indeed a large proportion of the species are identical from the Atlantic and Pacific regions.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF ISOSOMA
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Isosoma Allynii, n. s.

Female.—Average length .10 of an inch. Color of body and antennæ uniform black, the first with a slight greenish lustre. Head about .025 of an inch wide, about two thirds as long; the antennæ a little enlarged at the ends, hairy, microscopic hairs moderately scattered over the head and thorax. Thorax, as well as head, punctured; wings hyaline, dotted over with microscopic hairs, the thorax in its widest part about the width of the head. Abdomen gradually tapering from near the base, the ovipositor slightly exserted. The color of the legs vary slightly; in five specimens the anterior and posterior legs have the femurs fuscous except at the ends; the tibiæ with basal half fuscous, the rest yellow; the terminal joint of tarsi fuscous, the rest yellow; the middle pair of legs are yellow throughout except the terminal tarsi. Two specimens have all the femurs fuscous, yellow at the ends. One specimen has all the femurs pale red, and the tibiæ fuscous, but this is probably a change from yellow by the poison bottle used in killing. One is marked like the first five, with the yellow replaced by pale red; another is like the first five, except that the middle tibiæ are a little clouded at base.
NOTES ON ISOSOMA ELYMI, French
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

In my notes in the March number of the Can. Ent., the idea is conveyed that this species obtained from the wild Canada rye grass, may prove to be identical with the wingless form obtained by Prof. Riley and myself from wheat stalks, and which Prof. Riley has since named in the American Naturalist, I. Tritici. At the same time doubt was expressed as to their identity, because at the time of writing there were still larvæ in the grass straws, while I. Tritici pupated in the fall, both in the breeding jars and in the field. Since the article mentioned has appeared, I have obtained from my grass stalks several more specimens, and I believe the two forms to be entirely distinct. A specimen was sent to Prof. Riley, upon the receipt of which he wrote as follows:

“It is undoubtedly distinct from I. Tritici, as is shown not only by the greater length, stouter body, darker color of the antennal scape and constancy of the winged form, but also by the punctuation (most markedly), by the shape of the mesothoracic scutum, and by the color of the mesoscutar parapsides. It comes in fact nearer to Hordei than to Tritici, though, as you say, it is well distinguished from the former by the punctnation.”
DESCRIPTIONS OF A FEW ELATERID AND ALLIED LARVÆ
Authors: Coquillett D. W.
Published: February 2010

The following larvæ have the usual eloneate, sub-cylindrical form and hard integument of the notorious wire-worm; they all live in decayed wood, and pupate in cells in the wood.

For the determination of the perfect insects I am indebted to Mr. E. P. Austin.

Elater nigricollis, Herbst.—Body polished, yellowish brown, palest underneath and at the sutures of the segments; a narrow dark brown band at either end of each segment except the first and posterior end of the last segment; these bands pass entirely around the body; the last segment tapers posteriorly to a fine, dark brown point; head dark brown, the jaws black; a prop-leg beneath segment 12; length about on inch. I found several April 25, and enclosed them in my breeding cage, in which was placed some decayed oak-wood and damp sand; the first pupa was noticed August 19, and the beetle issued from it on the 30th of the same month.
ON THE EARLY STAGES OF THE DIPTEROUS FLY, CHRYSOPILA FOLDA, Loew
Authors: Coquillett D. W.
Published: February 2010

Larva.—Body polished, yellowish white, nearly cylindrical, anterior part tapers to the head; eleven visible segments; footless; posterior end of last segment deeply notched horizontally and less deeply so vertically; on each side a small notch above sinus of horizontal notch; on under side of each of the two lobes, formed by the horizontal and vertical notches, is an elliptical, reddish-brown raised spot; on under side of last segment, near the anterior end is a somewhat conical impressed spot, the base of the cone being at the anterior end of the segment; in the middle of this cone is a longitudinal impressed line; length from 20 to 25 mm.
NOTES ON THE EARLY STAGES OF LIXUS MACER, LeConte
Authors: Coquillett D. W.
Published: February 2010

On the 13th of July, 1881, I saw a female L. macer busily engaged in gnawing holes in the stem of a green Helianthus grosse-serratus (Wild Sunflower). There were several holes in the stem of this plant, and in each I found one or two eggs, of an elliptic-ovoid form, polished pale yellow, and measuring about two and one-fourth mm. in length. In the stems of other similar weeds, which grew near to this one, I found several recently hatched larvæ. I examined the stems of this same kind of weed at intervals throughout the summer season, and found the larvæ in different stages of their growth, sometimes two or three in the same plant. Late in October I noticed that many of these weeds had been broken off, and the pieces—from one and a half to three feet in length—were lying about upon the ground. These pieces contained a larva—evidently of the above species—and at one end, and occasionally at each end, the pith and woody part had been gnawed away, leaving nothing but the bark, and this had evidently been broken off by the wind. I examined a few of these pieces on the 25th of the following April, and found nothing but larvæ another examination was made on the 12th of the following month, when nothing but larvæ were found, but all were dead.
THE FOOD RELATIONS OF THE CARABIDÆ AND COCCINELLIDÆ
Authors: Forbes S. A.
Published: February 2010

Through the kindness of the author, we have been favored with a copy of the above paper, which embodies the results of a very laborious series of microscopic examinations of the contents of the alimentary canal of insects belonging to the Carabidæ and Coccinellidæ. In the Carabidæ the results of the dissection and study of 175 specimens are given, representing 38 species and 20 genera. Of the Coccinellidæ, the results of the dissection of 39 specimens are given, accompanied by carefully compiled tables presenting the evidence in the most convenient and accessible forms. Prof. Forbes' experiments show clearly that the opinions hitherto held by Entomologists as to the food of these insects are in many respects incorrect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF PYRAMEIS ATALANTA, Linn
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

The habits of these larvæ in Europe may not improbably differ in some respects from the habits in America. Our hot summers, as compared with England, at least, may compel more or less change. With us, speaking of my own district, and of the False Nettle, Boehmeria, as the food plant, the eggs I believe to be always laid on the young terminal leaves, as Dr. Harris states is the case with the Nettle, Urtica. I come to this conclusion, not because I have found eggs on the terminal leaves, for I do not remember that I have ever found an egg of Atalanta laid by a free female; but because the larvæ, in first stage, have always been observed on these leaves. I have repeatedly obtained eggs from females tied in bags over the food plant.
NOTES ON DR. SPEYER'S PAPER
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

1. Contrary to my expectation, the Asiatic forms of the Comma group are not so near the American as are the European. Dr. Speyer tells us that the former vary from typical Comma in a different direction from the latter. If the American are derived from the European, or the reverse, the Asiatic ought to lie between the two, apparently.

2. I am satisfied that Juba should rank as a species. Dr. Speyer gives sufficient reasons for this, and examination of many examples confirm this view. I have a beautiful variety of Juba (male) sent me by Prof. Snow, and taken by him at Los Vegas, N. M., iu 1882. The upper side is darker—more fuscous and less fulvous—than any other example I have seen, and secondaries beneath and the apical area of primaries are densely dusted with golden-green; the spots white and somewhat smaller than in the type. I call this vat. Viridis.
HACKBERRY PSYLLID GALLS
Authors: Riley C. V.
Published: February 2010

In reply to the questions raised by the Rev. Thomas W. Fyles on p. 84 of the May number, permit me to say:

1. That to speak of “the parasite of Phylloxera vastatrix and the gall insect of the nettle tree,” as he does in the heading to his communication, is inaccurate, since there are many of each.

2. Besides a number of Cecidomyid galls on Celtis, I am acquainted with more than a dozen Psyllid galls upon the plant. The insects producing these galls mostly belong to a new genus which, in a paper that I have prepared on the Psyllidæ of the U.S., is called Pachypsylla.
THE TOWN AND THE FIELD—WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE COCOONS OF PARASITES
Authors: Clarkson Frederick
Published: February 2010

Here I am again imprisoned within the walls of the town, after enjoying all the liberty of the field. How unphilosophical and dissatisfying to a devotee at the shrine of Nature are the labors that attach to a locality like this! One must turn over a new leaf occasionally. To balance the ledger, even though it have golden results, is comparably but as the dust of the balance. The City is stupid, hot, and odoriferous—empty, and yet full. Wealth, with its polished exterior, has long since departed, and “poverty, a wrinkle of itself,” remains. The intensity of the heat brings the hidden life without, and the town is seemingly the more full. What a wretched place in midsummer is a great City!
PSEPHENUS LECONTEI—ON THE EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE LARVA
Authors: Kellicott D. S.
Published: February 2010

This singularly interesting larva occurs in abundance in the rapids of the Niagara above the Falls. The writer has taken it in other rapid streams in Western New York, also at different places in Michigan; besides, its occurrence in widely separated localities has been recorded by observers, hence we are led to believe that it is distributed throughout Eastern North America. Dr. Leconte has described another species, Ps. haldemanni, from the peninsula of California; its larva, it seems, has not been described.

The first notice of our larva is that by Dr. Kay in Part VI. (Crustacea), page 53, Zoology of New York, 1844. It is described in that work as a new genus and species of Crustacea, under the name Fluvicola Herricki; a poor figure is given.
DESCRIPTIONS OF A FEW LEAF-EATING COLEOPTEROUS LARVÆ
Authors: Coquillett D. W.
Published: February 2010

The following larvæ (with the exception of the one first described) have the usual Chrysomelid form of which the well-known Colorado Potato Beetle may be taken as a type. In Chrysomela pallida, Say, the body is more elongate, approaching the Coccinellidœ somewhat in form. With the exception of Lema collaris, Say, which forms a sort of cocoon among the leaves, they all enter the earth to pupate. A few of the following larvæ have been described by various authors, and are introduced here merely for comparison.

Chrysomela pallida, Say. Body black, elongated, much wrinkled and roughened; the sutures of the segments and the venter sometimes tinged with brown; head and cervical shield polished black; length 8 mm. Lives in communities on poplar. Several of these larvæ entered the earth to pupate June 1st, and the beetles issued about June 19th. (Determination of Dr. Horn.)
ENTOMOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS
Authors: Rogers R. V.
Published: February 2010

We do not intend in this article to allude to the troubles that the members of the insect world endure in their ordiuary every day life,—to their difficulties in getting out of their old clothes when nature bids them change their dress; nor to the risks they run from countless enemies, many-legged, four-legged, two-legged and no-legged,—nor yet to the labors some have to sustain in laying up their bread for a rainy season. Nor is our title intended as the text on which to found a disquisition on the sufferings thet the genus homo has to eudure (not at the hands, but at the mouths and tails of the insect hosts) ever since that sad day when old Noah, at the advice of Archangel Gabriel (who ought to have known better) broke his word to the serpent. All of course know the legend, yet as Lord Macaulay often did for his erudite school-boy, so will we do, and repeat and give the story of the origin of all venomous anthropophagus insects. We have it from the veracious Turk, so none but a Russophile or an anti-Jingoist will doubt it, and entomologists know neither country nor politics (whatever else they may know).
NEW SPECIES AND NOTES ON STRUCTURE OF MOTHS AND GENERA
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

Yrias Volucris, n. s.

♂. Allied to Repentis, the lines having the same general course, but they are brown, not balck, and the ground color is darker. The space included by the discal rounding of the t. p. line is not so large. The reniform shows a black included streak and the black costal dots on median space are as in its ally. the angles of the t. a. line are less sharp. There is a minute apical balck mark on the margin, before which a paler shade, an approximation to the ocellate mark of Clientis. On hind wings the distinct black mesial line is wanting. Beneath the wings are paler at base and the lines very faint. Expanse 26 mil. Arizona. B. Neumoegen, Esq.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES FOR 1882
Authors: Claypole E. W.
Published: February 2010

My removal from Yellow Springs, Ohio, to New Bloomfield, Pennsylvania, has had the effect of breaking off the line of my entomological work, or at least throwing it into a rather different channel. Among the first results is a notice of the striking difference between the two places in regard to insect depredations. In my experience last year a great part of the time was occupied with fighting insects. The cherry weevil, the potato worm and beetle and the apple worm were the ringleaders; but after them came the blister beetles, the turnip flea, the corn worm, the squash bug, et multaalea. Here, at least during the present, or rather past season, the ravages of all these have been quite insignificant. Foremost stands the potato beetle. As soon as the young plants came up I followed my usual plan of picking them off and dropping them into a tin having a few spoonfuls of coal oil at the bottom. By this means they cause no trouble in crawling out again. Though the season was rainy, and therefore the opposite of the last, yet I found two applications of the poison dust (1 part of London purple and 60 parts of wood ashes) quite sufficient to keep the plants free from the young grubs. I am inclined, however, to recommend the use of plaster instead of ashes in a wet season. It seems to adhere better to the leaves when rain falls on them.
PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY: “MOSS-HUNTING”
Authors: Bell J. T.
Published: February 2010

Having had several enquiries addressed to me as to how I captured the Pselaphidæ, etc., a list of which appeared in the Entomologist of March, 1881, it has occurred to me that it might be acceptable to some of my entomological brethren to have a detailed account of my method of moss-hunting published in our organ.

First, then, as to gathering the moss. For pedestrian excursions, a game bag, or haversack, to sling over the shoulder, will be most convenient; where a vehicle is employed, a pillow case or grain bag may be used, and in either case a small hand rake about a foot long will be found very useful. As soon as the snow leaves the ground, the collector may seek some open swampy woods, where the ground in varied with little mounds by the decay of fallen trees or the upturned roots of wind-falls, which are overgrown with mixed mosses,—or the banks of a pond or creek, strewn with rotting logs and branches.
THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEMISTRINIDÆ
Authors: Williston S. W.
Published: February 2010

The family of Nemistrinidæ comprises throughout the world one hundred and ten described species, six or seven of which are from Southern Europe and three from North America; the remainder nearly equally distributed in Asia, Africa, Australia and South America. In their habits, so far as known, the species approach the Bombylidæ most closely, as also do many in their general appearance. Structurally they are of interest to the Dipterologist, on account of their intricate and diverse neuration, which in some species is almost Neuropter-like in the reticulation.

Doubtless the number of our species will be augmented by future discoveries, but yet we can never expect a very material increase.
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO DRUGS
Authors: Saunders William Edwin
Published: February 2010

In this paper is given simply what has been noted by the writer during a study of these insects extending over more than a year.

Sivodrepa panicea.—This is the elliptical, reddish-brown beetle, about one-eighth of an inch long, which is found in almost every edible drug, and in some, such as aconite root and capsicum, that would be pronounced far from edible. In addition to these two drugs, I have found it in bitter almonds, sweet almonds, angelica, boneset, calumba, chamomile, chocolate, coriander, dandelion, elm bark, ergot, extract of licorice, German chamomile, orris root, prince's pine, rhubarb, squill, and sweet flag.
MR. JOHN B. SMITH'S PAPER ON N. AM. HELIOTHINÆ
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

For my part, I am very glad that a plate of tibial structure has at last been published, and by Mr. Smith. It illustrates characters upon which I have long insisted, and is a valuable addition to the present “Synopsis.” The second plate might well have been omitted; it hardly assists the student, and is badly drawn. The “Synopsis” itself is a gratification to me; it is scientifically written so far as the characters it discusses are concerned. Its difference from my own work in its conclusions are more apparent than real. Mr. Smith writes with a critical eye to my shortcomings, and really finds very little to say. He quotes at some length a former statement of mine as to the spinose tibiæ (made ten years ago), which I at once corrected on examining again the small insect under a larger lens. But he excuses other modern writers with worse mistakes to father. In stating the case fairly, he should have said that although Mr. Grote has been the first American to insist on the natural characters of spinose tibiæ, yet once he called the tibiæ unarmed, where they were really spinose, but he promptly corrected the mistake.
NOTES ON THE TINEIDÆ OF NORTH AMERICA, BY LORD WALSINGHAM
Authors: Murtfeldt Mary E.
Published: February 2010

Through his Lordship's kindness, I have received, with much pleasure, a copy of the above named brochure. From such examination as I have been able to give it, it seems to me by far the most valuable of recent contributions to the literature of American Tineidœ, and place all students of this beautiful group of the “Micros” under special obligations to its distinguished author.

The material examined in the preparation of these “Notes” consisted mainly of the loaned collections of Profs. Fernald and Riley, that of the Peabody Academy of Sciences of Salem, Mass., of Mr. Goodell, of Amherst, Mass., and a small contribution by the present writer. Each of these lots contained some of Mr. chambers' types. The only American collections of any note which were not represented were those of the Harvard Museum at Cambridge, Mass., and the Clemens' types at Philadelphia. Of the latter, however, Lord Walsingham had full notes made during his visit to this country i 1872.
ENTOMOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS
Authors: Harrington W. Hague
Published: February 2010

My office duties prevent me, unfortunately, from going afield during almost the entire month of July in each year, and perhaps a few notes on my last ramble, 29th June, may interest the inexperienced, and indicate some of the insects to be found at this time. The special aim of this ramble was to visit a grove of hickories, Carya amara, and investigate the insects occurring in these trees, but I desired also to obtain Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, especially sawflies.

My outfit consisted of a flat beating-net constructed so as to be folded up snugly when not in use; a sweeping-net on a folding pocket-ring; a bottle containing coarse sawdust, with a morsel of cyanide for beetles; a wide-mouthed bottle lined with blotting paper, and having some cyanide in a cavity in the cork, for Hymenoptera, Diptera; a couple of boxes for larvæ, and last, but not least, a note-book and pencil. The day is favorable, the sun shining hotly, yet tempered by a slight breeze.
NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES, WITH DIRECTIONS FOR BREEDING THEM FROM THE EGG
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

The eggs of butterflies are very interesting objects. As a rule, those of each natural genus (I speak of the North American fauna, for I know nothing of the eggs of tropical butterflies), are closely alike, as in Pieris, Anthocharis, Colias, Terias, Callidryas; and so, while each genus has peculiarities of its own, there is a family resemblance between these genera (of the sub-family Pierinæ). They are all of one general shape, long, slender, sub-conic, or spindle-shaped, set on end, but differently ribbed according to the genus. So the eggs of Danais and Heliconia and Agraulis each have their own pattern. A11 Argynnis eggs, whether of the large or small species (Groups 1 and 2), are thimble-shaped. On the other hand, Euptoieta, by its egg, is allied to Argynnis, while by the chrysalis, it is allied to Melitæa. It links the two genera, and in my Catalogue of Di. Lep., I place it between these two, instead of before Argynnis, as has usually been the arrangement. So Melitæa, Phyciodes, Limenitis, Apatura, Paphia, Satyrus, Neonympha, Chionobas, may all be distinguished as readily by the eggs as by the butterflies. Lycæna, Lemonias, Thecla, Chrysophanus, so far as I know them, all show generic peculiarities in the egg stage. So does Papilio, though some of the species, as Philenor and Cresphontes, have the surface covered with a rough crust, the usual type being smooth-surfaced.
PREPARATORY STAGES OF CATOCALA ILIA, Cram
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Diameter, .06 inch. Shape spheroidal, the transverse diameter being about one fifth more than the longitudinal; striated longitudinally with 28 striæ, 15 of these reaching the shallowly punctured apex, these ridges being crossed with a network of slight elevations, the transverse and the longitudinal lines in the middle of the hollows making squares, the interior of these squares being roughened, the corner of each square a little more elevated and enlarged than the sides. Color brownish olive. Duration of this period 234 days.

Young Larva.—Length .25 inch. Color pale gray, one prominent purplish black dorsal line and three less distinct lines on each side. Head purplish black, piliferous spots and hairs the same color. Venter paler than above, with a dark spot in the centre of each joint. Feet, 12. Duration of this period 6 to 7 days.
GALERUCA XANTHOMELAENA, Schrank
Authors: Clarkson Frederick
Published: February 2010

I visited Flushing, L. I., July 8th, to examine the insect reported to be infesting the noble old English elms which adorn the principal streets of that village. Three weeks ago these trees were in luxuriant foliage; they have now the appearance as if they had been scorched by fire. I discovered them to be attacked with a countless host of the larvae of this beetle. The American elm and other indigenous trees have thus far escaped, but it is not improbable, as this beetle is double brooded, that the numerous larvae will from force of circumstance attack them. The eggs are laid in clusters along the veins of the leaves, on their under sides. The larvae, as soon as hatched out, begin to devour the leaves, which they render lace-like, and when full fed they do not undergo transformation by fastening themselves to the surface of the leaves, as is the habit with other species, and as I have seen recorded of this, but transform within the crevices of the bark. At this time, July 8th, the trunks of the trees are covered with the larvae seeking places to transform, and there is scarcely a crevice of the bark but what is filled with the yellow pupal forms which will in a few days disclose the imagines.
FURTHER REMARKS UPON THE VARIATION OF THE ELYTRAL MARKINGS IN CICINDELA SEX-GUTTATA
Authors: Townsend C. H. T.
Published: February 2010

Having been away from home the greater part of the summer, I regret that I have not been able to collect some of these beautiful beetles this season, so as to further observe the interesting relation between the varieties in number, as I should like to have done. I hope, however, that some one has made observations upon them, and will favor us with an account, which would, no doubt, be very acceptable to those interested in the genus.

Since contributing the first notes upon this subject, I have noticed that Say has described two varieties of C. sex-guttata in his monograph of the genus Cicindela, commencing on page 415, vol. ii., of the American Entomology, edited by LeConte. The first is.
ATTACUS CINCTUS, Tepper
Authors: Murtfeldt Mary E.
Published: February 2010

A friend of mine—Mr. R. J. Mendenhall, of Minneapolis, Minn.—while travelling in Mexico last winter, collected from a tree, supposed to be the wild olive, a number of the cocoons of some large Bombycid. On his return home he kindly gave these cocoons into my keeping, with the information that he could easily have collected hundreds had he had con veniences for carrying them, as the trees on which they were found had been ruinously defoliated by the insect in its larval state. The cocoons were about the size and somewhat resembled those of Telea polyphemus, but were rather more elongate and were not intermixed with the chalky substance seen on the surface of the latter. They depended from the twigs by bands or cords of silk from five to seven inches long.
CETHERONIA REGALIS, Hubner
Authors: Clarkson Frederick
Published: February 2010

On the 22nd of August, 1882, while entomologizing along the border of a wood at Oak Hill, New York, I was agreeably surprised by a call from a lady companion—an earnest devotee of the floral kingdom, who was but a few yards distant in the pursuit of her favorite study—that she had discovered something which she appeared to regard with that sort of honor which one might bestow on a venemous reptile. Knowing her dislike of all crawling things, I at once conjectured that the cause of the alarm was a spinous caterpillar, and that my attention, no, doubt, was being directed to that over which I at least would be enthusiastic. It proved to be the formidable looking larva of this moth, popularly known as the Hickory Horned Devil, and on account of its rarity, a goodly, and in no sense an evil sight to a naturalist. It was found feeding on the hickory. It burrowed a few inches into the earth on the 19th of September, to transform, and two days thereafter the pupa worked itself to the surface.
SCOLYTUS RUGULOSUS IN BRANCHES OF PEAR TREES WHICH WERE KILLED BY PEAR-BLIGHT
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

During the years 1882-4, large branches of young pear trees in Cambridge, Mass., were killed by pear-blight. The next year other branches were affected and killed, and finally the whole tree succumbed. All trees had been in good and healthy condition. The branches were more or less densely covered by a Coccid, determined by Prof. J. H. Comstock as Chionaspis furfurus (A. Fitch), described and figured in his Report for 1880, p. 315, pl. 17, f. 1. The Professor thinks it much more probable that the branches were killed by the Scolytid (directly to be mentioned) than by the Coccids, and I believe this opinion is justified by the fact that other pear trees and apple trees near by are also covered by the same Coccid and are nevertheless in a healthy condition.
HISTORY OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF PHYCIODES PICTA, Edw
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

EGG.—Sub-conic, truncated, the top convex, the upper part from one fourth to one third the length marked by low vertical ribs, about 24 in number; below these the surface is shallowly and irregularly indented; top similarly indented, convex; color when laid yellow green. Duration of this stage about five days.
ON THE COURTSHIP OF THE SEXES IN ŒDIPODA CAROLINA
Authors: Townsend C. H. T.
Published: February 2010

For several seasons past, along in the latter part of summer (August and September) I have noticed certain peculiar actions on the part of the large flying locust, Œdipoda carolina Linn. I have always suspected that these actions have something to do with the union of the sexes. In the warm parts of the days at this time of the year individuals of this species may frequently be seen rising from the ground, and, hovering several feet in the air, rapidly vibrating their wings and making a peculiar flapping or beating sound, the while keeping nearly the same relative position in space. Although my notes on this subject are rather imperfect, I think they may be of use. I can not find that the subject has ever been touched upon before; such may be the case, but I have not been able to discover record of it in any reports, periodicals or works on insects. Still these actions must have been noticed by observers, as they are of common occurrence.
THE MELSHEIMER FAMILY AND THE MELSHEIMER COLLECTION
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

The Melsheimers have been considered by Th. Say to be the fathers of Entomology in the U. States. Nevertheless very little is known about them, and that little is not perfectly accurate. In fact, concerning the older Melsheimer there exists only a note in A. W. Knoch's “Neue Beitraege zur Insectenkunde,” 1801, p. 18, and concerning his second son only the necrology by the late Dr. John L. LeConte in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1873, p. 257, reprinted in the Can. Ent., vol. vi., 1874, p. 39.
DESCRIPTION OF LYCÆNA DÆDALUS, Behr, AND CORRECTION OF ERRORS IN ITS SYNONYMY
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

I have received from that indefatigable explorer and naturalist, Mr. W. G. Wright, of San Bernardino, several examples of Lycœna Dœdalus, ♂ ♀. Up to this date the ♂, as described by Dr. Behr, has been unknown to me personally, and by all recent list makers has been set down as a synonym of Icaroides, Bois. Its female is Aehaja, Behr., also put down as a syn. of Sœpiolus, or rather es one of the dimorphic forms of the female of that species.

Mr. Wright made the ascent of one of the lofty mountains in that region, and says: “Saw nothing on the way up, except that at the camping halfway place were a few of these Lycœnœ and a Grapta. Next day, on going up to the high crest, it was a little cloudy, but not very cold (50° probably), yet not one butterfly was seen during the entire day, though I stayed on the crest, 11,550 feet, several hours.