bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food and Multiculture
Authors: Rhys-Taylor Alex
Published: March 2018

With its 8.3 million occupants, London is a bustling and diverse metropolis characterized by rich histories of socioeconomic change and multiculture. The abundance of smells and tastes which can be experienced in the city are integral to understanding both its history and the reality of London’s urban present. From the fiery chillies sold by street grocers which are linked to years of cultural exchange, through ‘cuisines of origin’ like jellied eels to hybridized dishes such as the chicken katsu wrap, sensory experiences are key to understanding the complex cultural genealogies of the city and its social life.

In this fascinating book, Alex Rhys-Taylor offers a ground-breaking sensory ethnography of East London. Drawing on a multicultural context in one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world, he explores concepts such as gentrification, class antagonism, new ethnicities and globalization. Each of the eight chapters combines micro histories of ingredients such as fried chicken, bush-meat, and curry sauce with narratives from individuals, providing a unique, engaging account of the evolution of taste and culture through time and space.

With its innovative methodology, this is a highly original contribution to the fields of sensory studies, food studies, urban studies, and cultural studies.
Climatic factors contributing to long-term variations in surface fine dust concentration in the United States
Authors: Pu Bing , Ginoux Paul
Published: March 2018

Abstract. High concentrations of dust particles can cause respiratory
problems and increase non-accidental mortality. Studies found fine dust
(with an
aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm) is an important component of the
total PM2.5 mass in the western and central US in spring and summer and has
positive trends. This work examines climatic factors influencing long-term
variations in surface fine dust concentration in the US using station data
from the Interagency Monitoring Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE)
network during 1990–2015. The variations in the fine dust concentration can
be largely explained by the variations in precipitation, surface bareness,
and 10 m wind speed. Moreover, including convective parameters such as
convective inhibition (CIN) and convective available potential energy (CAPE)
that reveal the stability of the atmosphere better explains the variations
and trends over the Great Plains from spring to fall. While the positive trend of fine dust concentration in the southwestern US in
spring is associated with precipitation deficit, the increase in fine dust
over the central Great Plains in summer is largely associated with enhanced
CIN and weakened CAPE, which are caused by increased atmospheric stability
due to surface drying and lower-troposphere warming. The strengthening of
the Great Plains low-level jet also contributes to the increase in fine dust
concentration in the central Great Plains in summer via its positive
correlation with surface winds and negative correlation with CIN. Summer dusty days in the central Great Plains are usually associated with a
westward extension of the North Atlantic subtropical high that intensifies
the Great Plains low-level jet and also results in a stable atmosphere with
subsidence and reduced precipitation.
A statistical examination of the effects of stratospheric sulphate geoengineering on tropical storm genesis
Authors: Wang Qin , Moore John C. , Ji Duoying
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The thermodynamics of the ocean and atmosphere partly determine variability in tropical cyclone (TC) number and intensity and are readily accessible from climate model output, but a complete description of TC variability requires much more dynamical data than climate models can provide at present. Genesis potential index (GPI) and ventilation index (VI) are combinations of potential intensity, vertical wind shear, relative humidity, midlevel entropy deficit, and absolute vorticity that can quantify both thermodynamic and dynamic forcing of TC activity under different climate states. Here we use six CMIP5 models that have run the RCP4.5 experiment and the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) stratospheric aerosol injection G4 experiment, to calculate the two TC indices over the 2020 to 2069 period across the 6 ocean basins that generate tropical cyclones. Globally, GPI under G4 is lower than under RCP4.5, though both have a slight increasing trend. Spatial patterns in the effectiveness of geoengineering show reductions in TC in the North Atlantic basin, and Northern Indian Ocean in all models except NorESM1-M. In the North Pacific, most models also show relative reductions under G4. Most models project potential intensity and relative humidity to be the dominant variables affecting genesis potential. Changes in vertical wind shear are significant, but both it and vorticity exhibit relatively small changes with large variation across both models and ocean basins. We find that tropopause temperature is not a useful addition to sea surface temperature in projecting TC genesis, despite radiative heating of the stratosphere due to the aerosol injection, and heating of the upper troposphere affecting static stability and potential intensity. Thus, simplified statistical methods that quantify the thermodynamic state of the major genesis basins may reasonably be used to examine stratospheric aerosol geoengineering impacts on TC activity.
Toward an Observation-Based Estimate of Dust Net Radiative Effects in Tropical
North Atlantic Through Integrating Satellite Observations and In Situ
Measurements of Dust Properties
Authors: Song Qianqian , Zhang Zhibo , Yu Hongbin , Kato Seiji , Yang Ping , Colarco Peter , Remer Lorraine A. , Ryder Claire L.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In this study, we integrate recent aircraft measurements of dust microphysical and optical properties with satellite retrievals of aerosol and radiative fluxes to quantify the dust direct radiative effects on the shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation (denoted as DRESW and DRELW, respectively) at both the top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface in the tropical North Atlantic during summer months. Through linear regression of CERES measured TOA flux versus satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals under cloud-free and dust-laden atmospheric conditions, we estimate the instantaneous DRESW efficiency at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) to be –49.7±7.1 W/m2/AOD and –36.5±4.8 W/m2/AOD based on AOD from MODIS and CALIOP, respectively. The corresponding DRESW at TOA is –14.2±2.0 W/m2 and –10.4±1.4 W/m2, respectively. We also estimate the instantaneous DRELW at TOA to be between +2.7±0.32 W/m2 to +3.4±0.32 W/m2 based on the difference between computed dust-free outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and CERES-measured OLR. We then perform various sensitivity studies with recent measurements of dust particle size distribution (PSD), refractive index, and particle shape distribution to determine how the dust microphysical and optical properties affect DRE estimates and its agreement with abovementioned satellite-derived DREs. Our analysis shows that a good agreement with the observation-based estimates of instantaneous DRESW and DRELW can be achieved through a combination of recently observed PSD with substantial presence of coarse particles, a less absorptive SW refractive index, and spheroid shapes. Based on this optimal combination of dust physical and optical properties we further estimate the diurnal mean dust DRESW efficiency of –28 W/m2/AOD at TOA and –82 W/m2/AOD at surface. The corresponding TOA and surface DRESW in the region is approximately –10 W/m2 and –26 W/m2, respectively, of which ~30% is canceled out by the positive DRELW. This yields a net DRE of about –6.9 W/m2 and –18.3 W/m2 at TOA and surface, respectively. Our study suggests that the LW flux contains useful information of dust particle size, which could be used together with SW observation to achieve more holistic understanding of the dust radiative effect.
Source apportionment of the submicron organic aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean from 53° N to 53° S using HR-ToF-AMS
Authors: Huang Shan , Wu Zhijun , Poulain Laurent , van Pinxteren Manuela , Merkel Maik , Assmann Denise , Herrmann Hartmut , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The marine aerosol is one of the most important natural aerosol systems and can significantly impact the global climate as well as biological cycle. A series of measurements during four open-ocean cruises in 2011 and 2012 over the Atlantic from 53° N to 53° S were conducted to reveal the physical and chemical properties of the marine boundary layer (MBL) aerosol and its seasonality. Chemical composition of the submicron particles was obtained using the on-line techniques High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) as well as from offline high-volume PM1 filter samples with a sampling time of 24 hours. Our measurements show that the MBL aerosol particle mass is controlled by sulfate (50 %), followed by organics (21 %), sea salt (12 %), ammonium (9 %), Black Carbon (BC, 5 %) and nitrate (3 %). Only sulfate exhibits pronouncedly seasonal dependency, while no such trend was observed in other species. Source apportionment of the organic fraction was performed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Five factors were identified, including three marine sources and two non-marine sources. Marine sources are linked to primary production (19 % of total organic aerosol (OA) mass), marine dimethylsulfide (DMS)-oxidation (16 %), and amine-related secondary formation (16 %). The other two OA components are attributed to continental outflow (19 %) and aged ship exhausts – biomass burning emissions (30 %). Our study indicates that, on average, non-marine sources nearly have the equal importance to the Atlantic aerosols comparing with the marine sources, respectively contributing 49 % and 51 % to the total OA mass loadings. The South Atlantic atmosphere is found to be less polluted than the North according to our source analysis. Detailed latitudinal distribution of OA sources showed that DMS oxidation contributes remarkably to the MBL aerosol over the South Atlantic during spring, while continental pollutants largely contaminate the marine atmosphere when near the west and middle Africa (15° N~15° S) as well as Europe. Based on our measurements, SOA produced from DMS oxidation over the Atlantic can be estimated as MSA mass concentration times a scaling factor 1.79 for spring season, which is derived from the strong correlation (R2 > 0.85) between MSA and DMS-oxidation OA component.
A 305-year continuous monthly rainfall series for the island of Ireland (1711–2016)
Authors: Murphy Conor , Broderick Ciaran , Burt Timothy P. , Curley Mary , Duffy Catriona , Hall Julia , Harrigan Shaun , Matthews Tom K. R. , Macdonald Neil , McCarthy Gerard , McCarthy Mark P. , Mullan Donal , Noone Simon , Osborn Timothy J. , Ryan Ciara , Sweeney John , Thorne Peter W. , Walsh Seamus , Wilby Robert L.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. A continuous 305-year (1711–2016) monthly rainfall series (IoI_1711) is created for the Island of Ireland. The post 1850 series draws on an existing quality assured rainfall network for Ireland, while pre-1850 values come from instrumental and documentary series compiled, but not published by the UK Met Office. The series is evaluated by comparison with independent long-term observations and reconstructions of precipitation, temperature and circulation indices from across the British–Irish Isles. Strong decadal consistency of IoI_1711 with other long-term observations is evident throughout the annual, boreal spring and autumn series. Annually, the most recent decade (2006–2015) is found to be the wettest in over 300 years. The winter series is probably too dry between the 1740s and 1780s, but strong consistency with other long-term observations strengthens confidence from 1790 onwards. The IoI_1711 series has remarkably wet winters during the 1730s, concurrent with a period of strong westerly airflow, glacial advance throughout Scandinavia and near unprecedented warmth in the Central England Temperature record – all consistent with a strongly positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Unusually wet summers occurred in the 1750s, consistent with proxy (tree-ring) reconstructions of summer precipitation in the region. Our analysis shows that inter-decadal variability of precipitation is much larger than previously thought, while relationships with key modes of climate variability are time-variant. The IoI_1711 series reveals statistically significant multi-centennial trends in winter (increasing) and summer (decreasing) seasonal precipitation. However, given uncertainties in the early winter record, the former finding should be regarded as tentative. The derived record, one of the longest continuous series in Europe, offers valuable insights for understanding multi-decadal and centennial rainfall variability in Ireland, and provides a firm basis for benchmarking other long-term records and reconstructions of past climate. Correlation of Irish rainfall with other parts of Europe increases the utility of the series for understanding historical climate in further regions.
SHaKTI: Subglacial Hydrology and Kinetic Transient Interactions
v1.0
Authors: Sommers Aleah , Rajaram Harihar , Morlighem Mathieu
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Subglacial hydrology has a significant influence on ice sheet dynamics, yet remains poorly understood. Complex feedbacks play out between the liquid water and the ice, with constantly changing drainage geometry and flow mechanics. A clear tradition has been established in the subglacial hydrology modeling literature of distinguishing between channelized (efficient) and distributed (inefficient) drainage systems or components. Imposing a distinction that changes the governing physics under different flow regimes, however, may not allow for the full array of drainage characteristics to arise. Here, we present a new subglacial hydrology model: SHaKTI (Subglacial Hydrology and Kinetic Transient Interactions). In this model formulation, a single set of governing equations is applied over the entire domain, with a spatially and temporally varying transmissivity that allows for representation of the wide transition between turbulent and laminar flow, and the geometry of each element is allowed to evolve accordingly to form sheet and channel configurations. The model is implemented as a solution in the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). We include steady and transient examples to demonstrate features and capabilities of the model, and we are able to reproduce seasonal behavior of the subglacial water pressure that is consistent with observed seasonal velocity behavior in many Greenland outlet glaciers, supporting the notion that subglacial hydrology may be a key influencer in shaping these patterns.
Does the wind turbine wake follow the topography? – A multi-lidar study in complex terrain
Authors: Menke Robert , Vasiljević Nikola , Hansen Kurt , Hahmann Andrea N. , Mann Jakob
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The wind turbine wake of a single turbine in complex terrain is analysed using measurements from lidars. A particular focus of this analysis is the wake deficit and propagation. Six scanning lidars, three short-range and three long-range WindScanners, were deployed during the Perdigão 2015 measurement campaign which took place at a double-ridge site in Portugal. Several scanning scenarios, including triple- and dual-Doppler scans, were designed to capture the wind turbine wake of a 2 MW turbine located on one of the ridges. Different wake displacements are categorised according to the diurnal cycle. The results show a strong dependence of the vertical wake propagation to the atmospheric stability. When a terrain-induced gravity wave is observed under stable conditions, the wake follows the terrain down the ridge with a maximum inclination of −28°. During unstable conditions, the wake is advected upwards by up to 29° above horizontal.
Academic reading requirements for commencing HE students - Are peer-reviewed journals really the right place to start?
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: March 2018

Australian universities are increasingly influenced by the combined pressures of growing numbers of less well-prepared commencing students, reduced teacher-student interaction time, and an increasing focus on blended learning. Traditional teaching and learning approaches are proving less effective, and traditional assumptions about learner preparedness may no longer apply. This practice report notes some of the obstacles that traditional curricula present for non-traditional students, and explores ways in which curricula could better accommodate them. In particular, it examines expectations of commencing students as academic readers, and considers whether these are valid and reasonable. It compares current referencing requirements for early undergraduate assignments with those of the past, noting significant differences in both number and type of sources required. The practice report considers possible reasons for this apparent shift in expectations, and questions the assumption that peer-reviewed journal articles are necessarily the optimum, or even appropriate, starting point for commencing higher education students as academic readers.
Implementing first-year assessment principles: An analysis of selected scholarly literature
Authors: Thomas Theda
Published: March 2018

Assessment plays an important role in students’ learning as students often frame their learning around their assessment tasks. Well-designed assessment can be used to facilitate first-year students making their social and academic transition to university. In 2009, Professor David Nicol prepared a framework for first-year assessment practices that included 12 principles. In this study, these principles were revisited and used to analyse papers from 2013 to 2016 in the journals: ‘Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education’, ‘The International Journal of First Year in Higher Education’ and ‘Student Success’. The purpose of the study was to determine how current literature addresses Nicol’s first-year assessment principles, whether there were any issues in implementing them and whether anything new is emerging in the field. Based on this analysis, proposals are made for modifying the principles and recommendations are made for future research.
Interactions among students’ prior learning, aspiration, confidence and university entrance score as determinants of academic success
Authors: Rayner Gerry , Papakonstantinou Theo
Published: March 2018

We studied the effect grade aspiration, confidence in achieving that grade, prior learning and university entrance ranking had on first year biology students’ final grade. We hypothesised that (1) students with higher aspiration will achieve higher grades than those with lower aspiration; (2) students with prior biology learning will have a higher grade aspiration and a higher confidence of achieving that aspiration than those without such learning; (3) university entrance rank will impact students’ final grade; and (4) students with prior biology learning will achieve a higher final grade than those without such study. We found that Hypotheses 3 and 4 were supported, Hypothesis 2 was partially supported, and that Hypothesis 1 was unsupported. If these results reflect broader patterns - that undergraduate student grade aspiration is not a predictor of their subsequent final grade - then targeted information and curricula scaffolding must be provided to better align student aspirations with their actual academic achievement.
Dynamic Impact of Unprofitable Cross-buying on Purchase Incidence and Purchase Amount
Authors: Morisada Makoto , Miwa Yukihiro , Dahana Wirawan Dony
Published: March 2018

This study investigates how unprofitable cross-buying, defined as the tendency to buy different product categories during price promotion, affects consumer decisions of whether and how much to buy in the short- and long-term periods. We utilize a type II Tobit model of purchase incidence and purchase amount and apply the model to purchase history data of an online shopping mall’s customers to capture the dynamic impacts of unprofitable cross-buying. The results reveal that unprofitable cross-buying behavior leads to lower purchase probability and purchase amount in the short-term. On the contrary, in the long-term, unprofitable cross-buying behavior appears to have positive impacts on both behavioral outcomes. Additionally, we also discovered the significant effects of customer characteristics and time variables on the extent to which customers engage in this behavior. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Heir to the Throne: Choice of the Replacement CEO After Unexpected CEO Turnovers
Authors: Rivolta Mia L.
Published: March 2018

This paper analyzes firms’ choice of replacement CEOs after unexpected CEO turnovers, and the impact of the replacement decision on shareholder wealth. More specifically, I investigate whether the selection of replacement CEOs from the board facilitates a smoother leadership transition. I find that while selecting replacement CEO from existing board members allows the company to quickly fill the CEO position, thereby reducing uncertainty and transitional costs (measured by new CEO turnover, senior management turnover and delay), it may not be beneficial to shareholders. I provide evidence that replacing departing CEO with a board member is negatively associated with stock performance for up to two years. This paper is a step forward towards the understanding of the roles boards play in the CEO succession and new CEO hiring process.
Influenza vaccine uptake among adults living with young children
Authors: Vadlamudi Nirma Khatri , Marra Fawziah
Published: March 2018

Background: Many studies report vaccine uptake among young adults aged 18 to 49 years is low. In Canada, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends influenza vaccination for adults in contact with young children, however vaccination rates for this specific population are missing. An estimate is required to identify appropriate public health interventions. The objective of this study was to describe recent trends in influenza vaccination uptake among Canadian adults aged 18 to 49 years old living with or without young children.Methods: The Canadian Community Health Survey (2013-2014) dataset, available for public use was used after grouping individuals by influenza vaccination uptake within the past year in adults aged 18 to 49 years.  The relationship between living in a household with young children and influenza vaccination uptake was examined using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results: Among Canadian adults aged 18 to 49 years, the influenza vaccination uptake was 24.1% in adult household contacts with young children compared to 18.2% in those without young children (p<.0001). After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and self-perceived health, we determined that vaccine uptake was associated with living in a household with young children (adjusted OR: 1.30 [95%CI: 1.17-1.44]). While socio-demographic characteristics and self-perceived health greatly influenced influenza vaccination uptake, we also found marital status was a strong influencer of influenza vaccine uptake (adjusted OR:  1.31 [95%CI: 1.16-1.48]). Conclusion: Overall, influenza vaccination uptake among caregiving adults is low. Increased vaccine uptake was associated with living in a household with one or more young children. Targeted education and vaccination programs are required to improve uptake of the influenza vaccine in this age group.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 7, No. 2
Authors: Lin Grace
Published: March 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2018
The Analysis for the Scale and Efficiency of China’s Major Automotive Enterprises Based on DEA Model
Authors: Fei Zheng , L. Z Li
Published: March 2018

This paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the scale and efficiency of 28 major automotive enterprises in Chinese, and the results show that at this stage, large automobile manufacturers of China are under-produced and the production is too scattered, and the overall efficiency of automobile manufacturers is low. One of the main reasons is that because of the low technical efficiency value, the technological innovation capability of enterprises needs to be strengthened. The other reason is that the low efficiency of a large number of enterprises lowers the overall efficiency level. There is a positive correlation between the scale and efficiency of automobile manufacturers. Whether it is the horizontal comparison between different enterprises (nature) or the vertical comparison between the same enterprises, all show that compared with small-scale enterprises, large-scale manufacturing enterprises not only have higher scale efficiency but also have higher technical efficiency. With the expansion of production scale, the scale of enterprises and technical efficiency have improved, which shows that for the automotive industry, compared with other factors, economies of scale is the main factor that affects the automotive industry, and not only is it reflected in the scale but also in technological innovation. Therefore, when formulating policies, the relevant departments should support the development of large-scale enterprises, encourage mergers and acquisitions among enterprises, increase R&D investment, support technological innovation, and set up a scientific market exit mechanism to reduce exit costs, such as guiding the transformation of enterprises and establish a competition mechanism for the survival of the fittest.
The Frontiers and Place-Names of Kurdistan in the Ilkhanid Period Based on Nuzhat al-Qulūb
Authors: Rahmati Mohsen
Published: March 2018

Based on Mustawfī’s Nuzhat al-Qulūb, this study examins how Kurdistan became a distinct province and locates the boundaries and the cities during the Ilkhanids. Kurdistan was first separated from the Iraq-i ‘Adjam during the period. Given the location of Kurdistan, and given the role of the province in historical events, historical understanding can increase if borders and cities of Kurdistan are definitely located, which is hard work since there is little information thereof, and since the names of such places are erroneously recorded in classical texts.This study shows that Kurdistan became a distinct province after the Seljuqids due to its geography and after the domination of Īvih Turkmen. The province extended from Kangawar to Hulwan, and from the Karkhih River to the Little Zab River. This study determines the locations of towns listed by Mustawfī, as follows: Bahār, the provincial capital, was within the current Ilam province; Khuftiyān, Nīmrāh, Darband-i Tādj Khātūn, and Darband-i Zangī were within Sulaymāniyyih province in Iraq; Alānī, Drbīl (Dartang), Kirind, Khūshān, Māhidasht, Kirmanshah, Wisṭām, Sultanabad-i Chamchamal, Harsin, Kangawar, and Dinawar were within current Kirmanshahan; Alīshtar was, and still is, within Luristan. Moreover, this study finds that the current Kurdistan in Iran had no urban center.
Use of low-field NMR for the characterization of gels and biological tissues
Authors: Abrami Michela , Chiarappa Gianluca , Farra Rossella , Grassi Gabriele , Marizza Paolo , Grassi Mario
Published: March 2018

The focus of this paper is on the theoretical interpretation of Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) data regarding hydrogels architecture and on the most interesting applications of LF-NMR presented by this research group at the 6th IAPC Symposium held in Zagreb (HR) on September 2017. Particular attention is devoted to the determination of the mesh size distribution of gels polymeric network and the determination of the pore size distribution of microporous systems such as scaffolds, bones, and porous gels. In addition, we report on a very recent application of LF-NMR for monitoring lung functioning in patients suffering from chronic pulmonary diseases like cystic fibrosis. The main findings of this work consist in providing a very simple and accurate approximation of a general theory devoted to evaluating the relation existing among four fundamental polymeric network parameters, i.e. the polymer volume fraction inside the hydrogel, mesh size, hydraulic radius, and the radius of the cylinder ideally embedding each polymeric network chain. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potentiality of LF-NMR in the characterization of different polymeric systems among which the sputum of patients suffering from chronic pulmonary diseases appears the most innovative application for its simplicity, rapidity, effectiveness, and potential impact in the everyday clinic.
The role of pharmacology in anticancer drug development
Authors: Peters Godefridus J. , Govaerts Anne-Sophie , Hendriks Hans R. , Group For EORTC Pharmacology and Molecular Mechanism
Published: March 2018

Drug development consists of many sequential and parallel steps; failure in one of the steps can lead to discontinuation of the process. The process is time-consuming and very expensive, especially the clinical phase. In order to enhance cancer drug development in the 1980s, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) adopted a new screening system using 60 different tumour cell lines from various histologies.  All standard drugs were tested in this panel and it is still open for testing of new chemical entities (NCE) of potential interest. The European NCI compounds initiative, a collaborative programme of the NCI, the Cancer Research Campaign (CRC; now CRUK) and the Pharmacology and Molecular Mechanism Group (PAMM) of the EORTC (European Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer), was initiated in 1993. The programme aimed to help the NCI reducing its backlog of in vivo testing by further evaluation of interesting European compounds using a pharmacologically directed approach. Considerable multidisciplinary expertise in drug development was combined by the CRC and EORTC-PAMM: chemists, pharmacists, biologists, pharmacologists, oncologists. Selection criteria for European NCI compounds included novelty of the NCE, in vitro activity, if available in vivo and hollow fibre activity, and COMPARE negativity. Over a period of more than 20 years 95 out of approximately 2,000 reviewed compounds were selected. These compounds were put through a series of stepwise pharmacological tests comprising solubility (suitable formulation to administer the NCE to mice), feasibility to develop a simple analytical assay (usually HPLC), limited toxicology and angiogenic properties. This paper provides examples to illustrate the rigorousness of the elimination process of the compounds and discusses the way to improve the process by inclusion of more physico-chemical parameters.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) reinforced with glass fibers
Authors: Bienias Bartosz , Michalski Wojciech , Mielan Bartosz , Pietryga Krzysztof , Pamuła Elżbieta , Wasek Marek
Published: March 2018

Introduction. Acrylic resin is a basic material used in preparation of partial and complete dentures. One of the methods of improving mechanical properties of removable dentures is reinforcing acrylic resin with artificial fibers. Aim of the study. To compare mechanical properties of acrylic material reinforced with various types of glass fibers. Material and method. Heat-cured Estetic acrylic resin by Wiedent was used for denture bases. Glass mat, fiberglass fabric, long glass fibers and short glass fibers were used as reinforcing phase of the acrylic resin. In total, forty specimens were prepared, of which eight samples were controls. Research samples consisted of four groups of eight specimens each. Mechanical examinations in three-point bending test were conducted by means of the Zwick 1435 universal testing machine. Results. Specimens reinforced with short glass fibers achieved the highest values of maximum bending force (105.7 ± 8.9 N). It corresponded to the highest values of bending strength (126.8 ± 10.7 MPa). The lowest strength was found for specimens reinforced with glass mat (82.8 ± 11.8 MPa). The highest value of Young’s modulus was obtained for the samples reinforced with fiberglass fabric (3.7 ± 0.8 GPa). The highest values of deflection at maximum bending force were found for the samples reinforced with long glass fibers (4.0 ± 0.6 mm). Conclusions. The highest bending strength parameters were found for specimens reinforced with short and long glass fibers. Short glass fibers are better at improving mechanical properties of acrylic resin than long glass fibers.
Comparison of TMJ angles based on the ARCUSdigma II examination and occlusion records in the Protar 7 articulator
Authors: Dejak Anna , Gliszczyńska Aneta , Kapiczke Aleksandra , Dejak Beata
Published: March 2018

Introduction. Prosthetic restorations should be adjusted to the patients’ occlusion and articulation. Traditional and modern articulator and face-bow systems that simulate individual jaw movements are used in the treatment. Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to compare the values
of TMJ angles based on the ARCUSdigma examination and wax occlusion records in the Protar 7 articulator. Method. The study was conducted on a group of 20 patients aged 23-30 years with full dentition and normal occlusion. The position of the maxilla was recorded with face-bow ARCUSevo. Every patient was examined using ARCUSdigma II device. Cast models of the maxilla and mandible were made and mounted in Protar 7 articulator. Wax occlusion records were taken in intercuspal, protrusive and laterotrusive positions. On their basis TMJ angles were established in the articulator. The sagittal condylar inclination and Bennett angles relative to the Frankfurt plane obtained using electronic measurement and manual settings in the articulator were compared. Results. Mean values
of sagittal condylar inclination angles based on occlusion records in Protar 7 articulator amounted to 56.9° on the left and 53.7° on the right side and the ARCUSdigma respectively 58.8° for the left and 55.6° for the right TMJ. According to occlusion records in articulator average Bennett angles were valued 11.2° (left) and 9.7° (right), while ARCUSdigma 8.5° (left) and 7.3° (right). Conclusions. Mean values of sagittal condylar inclination angles determined by the occlusion records in Protar 7 articulator and obtained in the ARCUSdigma examination were different and higher than the average values. Mean values
of Bennett angles obtained in an ARCUSdigma examination were lower than using occlusion records in Protar 7 articulator and lower than the average values.
Preprosthetic correction procedures in patients with combination syndrome
Authors: Koczorowski Ryszard , Kuźniar-Folwarczny Agnieszka , Brożek Rafał
Published: March 2018

The long-term use of complete maxillary dentures in the presence of natural residual anterior teeth may cause degenerative changes in the masticatory organ that are classified as signs of Kelly’s syndrome and pose a considerable reconstructive challenge. Failure to provide the patient with proper restorations aggravates destruction in the oral cavity, which is manifested as functional disorders and visible in the patient’s facial appearance. The aim of this paper is to present corrective procedures to be conducted before final prosthetic rehabilitation. The authors discuss the steps that need to be taken in the case of particular pathological symptoms linked with Kelly’s syndrome. The possibilities of prosthetic management with the use of conventional removable dentures and/or the application of intraosseous implants to optimize prosthetic treatment and prevent the destruction of the prosthetic base are also presented.
The role of patients education in the hygiene of removable dentures – a case report
Authors: Scheffs Bogna , Marcinkowska Agnieszka
Published: March 2018

Prosthetic treatment with removable dentures is long- lasting process, which requires from patients motivation and awareness about oral hygiene and proper maintantenance of dental prosthesis. Removable prosthesis wearers are much more susceptible to fungal and bacterial infections than people who do not use any dentures. Knowledge of negative influence of dental plaque, denture plaque and intraoral infections on oral and whole organism health is essential. Forcing patients, the role of oral hygiene and the need for follow- up care is an integral part of the treatment. Realization of this conditions enable specialists to get positive therapeutic effects. In addition, availability of numerous hygiene products provides effective protection against the negative effects of microbial infections. This paper presents cases of prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with unsatisfactory hygiene of removable prosthetic appliances. New dentures were prepared and focused on thorough education about appropriate handling and good oral hygiene maintenance. Improved hygiene and patients’ health awareness were observed.
Exploring Biographies. Ancient Egyptian Funerary Statuettes at the University Museum of Cultural History in Oslo
Authors: Naguib Saphinaz-Amal
Published: March 2018

Small funerary statuettes shaped as mummiform figurines are among the most common ancient Egyptian artefacts to be found in museums of cultural history worldwide. The Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo (MCH) is no exception. The present article explores the biographies of material culture, materiality, objectification and shifts in meaning. It probes the many ways small artefacts, often categorized as ‘minor art objects’ of no importance, provide us with valuable insights into ancient Egyptian beliefs, society and culture. Selecting a few pieces from different periods, it delves into the multi-layered narratives and intersecting storylines where the objects’ biographies are tied to a web of relations across time and space as well as to the history of the ancient Egyptian collection at the MCH. The article discusses questions related to museological and heritage management, and addresses ethical issues concerning the provenance and ownership of archaeological artefacts in museums.
Headhunting as Reflexive Violence
Authors: Røkkum Arne
Published: March 2018

This is a commentary article on existing anthropological views on headhunting practices. Its focus is an article by Mikkelsen (2017) in this journal, ‘Facehunting: Empathy, Masculinity and Violence among the Bugkalot.’ The commentary article sees value in Mikkelsen’s critical stance on the issue of extreme violence, such as headhunting not entailing a prior dehumanization of the victim. ‘Headhunting as Reflexive Violence’ addresses an issue of ‘selective empathy,’ and concludes that in light of the Bugkalot ethnography and impulsive headhunting, the discussion point could be one, following Persson and Savulescu (2017), of ‘reflexive empathy.’ The article argues that attention should be given to the material, plastic, and tonal practices celebrating and possibly even eliciting the kill. These might provide us with a rare window into the way cultural techniques can embellish violence.
Inequality in health: a question with many answers
Authors: Gerdtham Ulf-G.
Published: March 2018

Published: December 2017.
Recent PhDs
Authors: Ljungvall Åsa
Published: March 2018

This section consists of an overview (names, universities, thesis title and abstracts) of new PhD:s within the field of health economics in the Nordic countries. Published: December 2017.
Forside, kolofon
Authors: Lundager Jensen Hans L.
Published: March 2018

Forside, kolofon
The Matter of Thinking: Material Thinking and the Natural History of Humankind
Authors: O'Donnell Aislinn
Published: March 2018

Contemporary educational policies have recently prioritised the development of generic, core, and transferable skills. This essay reflects on this tendency in the context of the ‘algorithmic condition’ and those discourses that tend toward an image of education that privileges dematerialised skills, practices, and knowledge. It argues that this turn towards dematerialisation is resonant with shifts in a number of diff erent domains, including work, and explores some of the implications of this shift. Instead I suggest an approach to education that understands it as turning towards the world, loving the world, and creating a common world. In order to understanding thinking and knowing as material practices, the concept of ‘material thinking’ is developed that refuses binaries of theory and practice, but that instead understands thinking, particularly in educational contexts, as material and a practice of thinking with something, and a turning towards the world. I draw upon the work of Susan Oyama, Elizabeth Grosz, Tim Ingold and Isabelle Stengers, and explore the example of Barbara McClintock’s research as a cytogeneticist researching maize. Here I am particularly interested in the importance of deep engagement with a subject matter in terms of developing the skilfulness that is associated with what I am calling ‘material thinking’. This allows us to think about education in a way that pays attention to the plurality of practices of material thinking that engage with the natural history of humankind, and the story of the world.
A little can be enough. Native fish from the Western Mediterranean Sea can act as a control agent for the invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea
Authors: Santamaría Jorge , Tomas Fiona , Ballesteros Enric , Ruiz Juan Manuel , Terrados Jorge , Cebrian Emma
Published: March 2018

In the Mediterranean Sea, different organisms can feed on invasive algae species, yet, how these species provide biotic resistance against algal invasions remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed fish stomach contents to determine which fish species feed on Caulerpa cylindracea and we performed an exclusion experiment to experimentally test how this grazing activity may limit invasive algae abundance and spread. Our results show that several fish species, many of them not considered strictly herbivores, feed on the invasive alga; however, the Ivlev´s Index suggests that its consumption was accidental except for Sarpa salpa. Additionally, the exclusion experiment demonstrated that fish species can limit C. cylindracea coverage at 10m but not at 30m deep; which is likely linked to the higher abundance and activity of these fish species at depths above 25m. These results are in agreement with the current distribution of C. cylindracea, which is much more abundant at depths from 25 to 50m. In this study we show that fish herbivory is a form of biotic resistance against C. cylindracea at shallow depths, not being able to completely remove it, but controlling its abundance.
Root fungal endophytes improve the growth of antarctic plants through an enhanced nitrogen acquisition
Authors: Oses Pedraza Romulo , Torres-Díaz Cristian , Lavin Paris , Retamales-Molina Patricio , Atala Cristian , Acuña-Rodríguez Ian , Molina-Montenegro Marco A.
Published: March 2018

Mutualistic symbiosis with fungal endophytes has been suggested as a possible mechanism for extreme environment colonization by Antarctic vascular plants. Fungal endophytes improve plant stress tolerance and performance by increasing plant hormone production and the uptake of water and nutrients. However, there are still gaps regarding the mechanisms by which these process ocurr. This work explores the role of root fungal endophytes in the production of exolytic enzymes involved in endophyte-mediated mineralization and nutrient uptake, as well as their impact on the performance of Antarctic plants. Hence, we evaluated the ability of fungal endophytes isolated from the two native Antarctic vascular plants, Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, to enzymatically degrade different nutrient sources, mediate nitrogen mineralization and enhance growth of the host plant. Single-spore derived isolates were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. Penicillium chrysosgenum and Penicillium brevicompactum were identified as the dominant root endophytes in C. quitensis and D. antarctica, respectively. Root endophytes exhibited hydrolytic and oxidative enzymatic activities involved in carbohydrate or protein breakdown and phosphorus solubilization. In addition, the rates and porcentages of nitrogen mineralization, as well as the final total biomass were significantly higher in C. quitensis and D. antarctica individuals with root endophytes relative to those without endophytes. Our findings suggest that root endophytes exert a pivotal ecological role based not only on their capability to breakdown different nutrient sources but also accelerating nitrogen mineralization, improving nutrient acquisition and promoting plant growth in limited nutrient soils in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems
Fit for purpose? Identifying and resolving quality issues with marine biodiversity datasets in R
Authors: Bosch Samuel , Provoost Pieter , Appeltans Ward
Published: March 2018

Millions of marine species occurrences and abundances can be accessed through the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), which are then often combined with data from additional sources such as GBIF, citizen science projects, scientific literature and personal communications. However, the quality of the available data is variable and it thus needs to be scrutinized in order to get a dataset that is fit for purpose.To help this process, as well as increase the quality of the data before they are published in OBIS, we developed the obistools R package. It allows users to identify and resolve common data errors such as taxonomic, spatial, temporal and measurement issues. The package combines and builds on existing services made available by the World Register of Marine Species as well as some new OBIS home-made services. The interactive interface provides a series of strict and fuzzy quality checks ranging from longitude/latitude checks to environmental outlier detection. These checks, in combination with pre-defined constraints based on for instance the physiological knowledge of the species and the expected spatial extent, can then be used to evaluate if specific records can be used in the analysis to obtain the final dataset for the analysis.
Pauses in cholinergic interneuron firing exert an inhibitory control on striatal output in vivo
Authors: Zucca Stefano , Zucca Aya , Nakano Takashi , Aoki Sho , Wickens Jeffery
Published: March 2018

The cholinergic interneurons (CINs) of the striatum are crucial for normal motor and behavioral functions of the basal ganglia. Striatal CINs exhibit tonic firing punctuated by distinct pauses. Pauses occur in response to motivationally significant events, but their function is unknown. Here we investigated the effects of pauses in CIN firing on spiny projection neurons (SPNs) – the output neurons of the striatum – using in vivo whole cell and juxtacellular recordings in mice. We found that optogenetically-induced pauses in CIN firing inhibited subthreshold membrane potential activity and decreased firing of SPNs. During pauses, SPN membrane potential fluctuations became more hyperpolarized and UP state durations became shorter. In addition, short-term plasticity of corticostriatal inputs was decreased during pauses. Our results indicate that, in vivo, the net effect of the pause in CIN firing on SPNs activity is inhibition and provide a novel mechanism for cholinergic control of striatal output.