bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The interaction of Galectin-8 C-terminal domain with cell surface glycoconjugates modulates membrane elasticity to stimulate antigen uptake and presentation to CD4 T cells
Authors: Prato Cecilia A , Borbolla Laura V , Lizarraga Leonardo , Campetella Oscar , Tribulatti María V
Published: October 2024

Galectins constitute a family of soluble lectins with unique capacity to induce macroscale rearrangements upon interacting with cell membrane glycoconjugates. Galectin-8 is acknowledged for its role in facilitating antigen uptake and processing upon engaging with cell surface glycoconjugates on antigen-presenting cells. Galectin-8 consists of two covalently fused N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains, each exhibiting distinct glycan specificity. In this study, we utilized single N- and C-carbohydrate recognition domains recombinant proteins to dissect the nature of Galectin-8-glycan interactions during antigen internalization enhancement. Single C-carbohydrate recognition domain was able to replicate the effect of full-length Galectin-8 on antigen internalization in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Antigen uptake enhancement was diminished in the presence of lactose or when N-glycosylation-deficient macrophages served as antigen-presenting cells, underscoring the significance of glycan recognition. Measurement of the elastic modulus using Atomic Force Microscopy unveiled that full-length Galectin-8- and C-carbohydrate recognition domain-stimulated macrophages exhibited heightened membrane stiffness compared to untreated cells, providing a plausible mechanism for their involvement in endocytosis. C-carbohydrate recognition domain proved to be as efficient as full-length Galectin-8 in promoting antigen degradation, suggesting its implication in antigen-processing induction. Lastly, C-carbohydrate recognition domain was able to replicate full-length Galectin-8-induced antigen presentation in the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) context both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings support the notion that Galectin-8 binds through its C-carbohydrate recognition domain to cell surface N-glycans, thereby altering membrane mechanical forces conducive to soluble antigen endocytosis, processing, and presentation to cognate CD4 T cells. These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of Galectin-8 and its mechanisms of action, paving the way for the development of more efficacious immunotherapies.
Germline reflex BRCA1/2 testing following tumor-only comprehensive genomic profiling: why, when, and how
Authors: Maneri Giulia , Nero Camilla , Giacò Luciano , Scambia Giovanni , Minucci Angelo
Published: October 2024

The majority of tumor comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) currently does not include a matched normal control. The use of a tumor-only CGP approach needs the development of a strategy to refine germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (gP/LPVs) calls, so as to limit the performance of unnecessary germline reflex tests and instead successfully identify patients who are carriers of likely gP/LPVs. Guidelines have been developed for the identification of gP/LPVs in BRCA1/2 genes on the basis of tumor-only CGP results and for the evaluation of the appropriateness of performing germline reflex BRCA1/2 testing. In this study, an algorithm to assist decision-making for germline reflex testing of BRCA1/2 variants following tumor-only CGP is proposed.
A simulation study of MR-guided proton therapy system using iron-yoked superconducting open MRI: a conceptual study
Authors: Fujii Yusuke , Ueda Hideaki , Takayanagi Taisuke , Nishioka Kentaro , Mori Takashi , Hashimoto Takayuki , Aoyama Hidefumi , Umegaki Kikuo , Matsuura Taeko
Published: October 2024

Radiotherapy platforms integrated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been significantly successful and widely used in X-ray therapy over the previous decade. MRI provides greater soft-tissue contrast than conventional X-ray techniques, which enables more precise radiotherapy with on-couch adaptive treatment planning and direct tracking of moving tumors. The integration of MRI into a proton beam irradiation system (PBS) is still in the research stage. However, this could be beneficial as proton therapy is more sensitive to anatomical changes and organ motion. In this simulation study, we considered the integration of PBS into the 0.3-T superconducting open MRI system. Our proposed design involves proton beams traversing a hole at the center of the iron yoke, which allows for a reduced fringe field in the irradiation nozzle while maintaining a large proton scan field of the current PBS. The shape of the bipolar MRI magnets was derived to achieve a large MRI field-of-view. To monitor the beam position and size accurately while maintaining a small beam size, the beam monitor installation was redesigned from the current system. The feasibility of this system was then demonstrated by the treatment plan quality, which showed that the magnetic field did not deteriorate the plan quality from that without the magnetic field for both a rectangular target and a prostate case. Although numerous challenges remain before the proposed simulation model can be implemented in a clinical setting, the presented conceptual design could assist in the initial design for the realization of the MR-guided proton therapy.
A case of idiopathic superior lumbar hernia repaired using a transabdominal laparoscopic approach
Authors: Kawakami Koki , Moriwaki Yoshihiro , Otani Jun
Published: October 2024

The patient is a 78-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with left lumbar back pain as her chief complaint. She was diagnosed with superior lumbar hernia. There was no history of abdominal or lumbar surgery, or trauma, so the condition was considered idiopathic. Mesh was placed laparoscopically to repair the hernia. She was discharged on the second postoperative day. One year has passed since the surgery, and there has been no recurrence of the hernia, nor have there been any complications such as neuropathic pain. Superior lumbar hernia is a type of abdominal wall hernia that protrudes through the superior lumbar triangle and is a relatively rare condition. Due to the lack of an established standard surgical procedure, various surgical techniques have been employed depending on the facility. Laparoscopic surgery was considered a minimally invasive and reliable method for hernia repair, providing good visualization in cases without intra-abdominal adhesions.
Successful surgical repair of isolated supra-cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) with venous confluence stenosis using dual anastomosis: a case report from Syria
Authors: Hasan Ghaith , Almjersah Abdulrahman , Younes Mohamed
Published: October 2024

We present the case of a 7-month-old female infant with a history of recurrent respiratory infections and symptoms of respiratory distress during feeding. Echocardiography isolated revealed supracardiac-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with a large ostium secundum atrial septal defect and severe pulmonary hypertension. Computed tomographic angiography confirmed the diagnosis and identified stenosis at the level of the venous confluence. The surgical intervention involved a novel approach using dual anastomoses between the pulmonary venous confluence and the left atrium, alongside atrial septal defect repair with a bovine pericardial patch. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with successful weaning from mechanical ventilation on Day 9 and discharge on Day 12. The patient showed optimal venous drainage and hemodynamic stability, indicating a successful surgical outcome. This case highlights the importance of early surgical intervention in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with complex anatomical presentations.
Entangled: Rapunzel syndrome with postoperative intussusception
Authors: Shahzad Zoha , Ijaz Osama , Akram Umar , Pervez Neha , Rao Asad Gul , Nashwan Abdulqadir J
Published: October 2024

We present a case of a 7-year-old girl with Rapunzel syndrome, a rare complication of trichobezoar, initially presenting with nonspecific symptoms. Diagnostic challenges led to delayed intervention. Surgical removal of the trichobezoar was successful, but postoperative complications included jejunojejunal intussusception, highlighting the necessity for vigilant follow-up and comprehensive psychiatric evaluation. The emergence of intussusception emphasizes the profound impact of underlying psychiatric disorders, such as trichotillomania and trichophagia, which contribute to trichobezoar formation. These conditions necessitate ongoing psychiatric management to address behavioral factors that predispose to recurrent bezoar formation and associated gastrointestinal complications. Effective follow-up strategies should encompass immediate postoperative care and long-term psychiatric support to optimize patient outcomes and minimize the risk of recurrent intussusception.
Thermosensitive multivesicular liposomal hydrogel: a potential platform for loco-regional drug delivery in the treatment of osteomyelitis caused by antibiotic-resistant biofilm-forming bacteria
Authors: Vatankhah Melody , Mahboubi Arash , Varshochian Reyhaneh , Haeri Azadeh , Houri Hamidreza , Abbasian Zahra , Dadashzadeh Simin
Published: October 2024

Biofilm-mediated osteomyelitis presents significant therapeutic challenges. Given the limitations of existing osteomyelitis treatment approaches, there is a distinct need to develop a localized drug delivery system that is biocompatible, biodegradable, and capable of controlled antibiotic release. Multivesicular liposomes (MVLs), characterized by their non-concentric vesicular structure, distinct composition, and enhanced stability, serve as the system for a robust sustained-release drug delivery platform. In this study, various hydrogel formulations composed of poloxamer 407 and other hydrogels, incorporating vancomycin hydrochloride (VAN HL)-loaded MVLs (VAN HL-MVLs), were prepared and evaluated. The optimized VAN HL-MVL sol-gel system, consisting of poloxamer 407 and hyaluronic acid, successfully maintained drug release for up to 3 weeks and exhibited shear-thinning behavior at 37°C. While complete drug release from MVLs alone took place in 312 h, the hydrogel formulation extended this release to 504 h. The released drug effectively inhibited the Staphylococcus aureus biofilms growth within 24 h and methicillin-resistant S. aureus biofilms within 72 h. It also eradicated preformed biofilms of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus in 96 and 120 h, respectively. This injectable in situ gel system incorporating VAN HL-MVLs holds potential as an alternative to undergoing multiple surgeries for osteomyelitis treatment and warrants further studies.
The Type I superluminous supernova catalogue I: light-curve properties, models, and catalogue description
Authors: Gomez Sebastian , Nicholl Matt , Berger Edo , Blanchard Peter K , Villar V Ashley , Rest Sofia , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Aamer Aysha , Ajay Yukta , Athukoralalage Wasundara , Coulter David C , Eftekhari Tarraneh , Fiore Achille , Franz Noah , Fox Ori , Gagliano Alexander , Hiramatsu Daichi , Howell D Andrew , Hsu Brian , Karmen Mitchell , Siebert Matthew R , Könyves-Tóth Réka , Kumar Harsh , McCully Curtis , Pellegrino Craig , Pierel Justin , Rest Armin , Wang Qinan
Published: October 2024

We present the most comprehensive catalogue to date of Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe), a class of stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe) characterized by exceptionally high luminosities. We have compiled a sample of 262 SLSNe reported through 2022 December 31. We verified the spectroscopic classification of each SLSN and collated an exhaustive data set of ultraviolet, optical, and infrared photometry totalling over 30 000 photometric detections. Using these data, we derive observational parameters such as the peak absolute magnitudes, rise and decline time-scales, as well as bolometric luminosities, temperature, and photospheric radius evolution for all SLSNe. Additionally, we model all light curves using a hybrid model that includes contributions from both a magnetar central engine and the radioactive decay of $^{56}$Ni. We explore correlations among various physical and observational parameters, and recover the previously found relation between ejecta mass and magnetar spin, as well as the overall progenitor pre-explosion mass distribution with a peak at $\approx 6.5$ M$_\odot$. We find no significant redshift dependence for any parameter, and no evidence for distinct subtypes of SLSNe. We find that only a small fraction of SLSNe, $\lt 3$ per cent, are best fit with a significant radioactive decay component $\gtrsim 50$ per cent. We provide several analytical tools designed to simulate typical SLSN light curves across a broad range of wavelengths and phases, enabling accurate K-corrections, bolometric scaling calculations, and inclusion of SLSNe in survey simulations or future comparison works.
Gravitational lens system as a long baseline detector of extremely low frequency primordial gravitational wave
Authors: Liu Wenshuai
Published: October 2024

The effect of extremely low frequency primordial gravitational wave with arbitrary direction of propagation on a gravitational lens system in expanding universe is investigated. From the point of view of real astrophysical lens model, singular isothermal sphere lens model is adopted in the gravitational lens system. The results show that, under the perturbation from extremely low frequency primordial gravitational wave, time delay in the gravitational lens system is very sensitive to extremely low frequency primordial gravitational wave and could strongly deviate from that deduced from theoretical model. This means that the strongly deviated time delay could be the imprint of extremely low frequency primordial gravitational wave on gravitational lens system, indicating that gravitational lens system could be used as a long baseline detector to detect extremely low frequency primordial gravitational wave.
Systematic collapse of the accretion disc across the supermassive black hole population
Authors: Hagen Scott , Done Chris , Silverman John D , Li Junyao , Liu Teng , Ren Wenke , Buchner Johannes , Merloni Andrea , Nagao Tohru , Salvato Mara
Published: October 2024

The structure of the accretion flow on to supermassive black holes is not well understood. Standard disc models match to zeroth-order in predicting substantial energy dissipation within optically thick material producing a characteristic strong blue/ultraviolet continuum. However, they fail at reproducing more detailed comparisons to the observed spectral shapes along with their observed variability. Based on stellar mass black holes within our Galaxy, accretion discs should undergo a transition into an X-ray hot, radiatively inefficient flow, below a (mass scaled) luminosity of $\sim 0.02\, L_{\rm {Edd}}$. While this has been seen in limited samples of nearby low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN) and few rare changing-look AGN, it is not at all clear whether this transition is present in the wider AGN population across cosmic time. A key issue is the difficulty in disentangling a change in spectral state from increased dust obscuration and/or host galaxy contamination, effectively drowning out the AGN emission. Here, we use the new eROSITA eFEDS Survey to identify unobscured AGN from their X-ray emission, matched to excellent optical imaging from Subaru’s Hyper Suprime-Cam; allowing the subtraction of the host galaxy contamination. The resulting, uncontaminated, AGN spectra reveal a smooth transition from a strongly disc-dominated state in bright AGN, to the collapse of the disc into an inefficient X-ray plasma in the low-luminosity AGN, with the transition occurring at $\sim 0.02\, L_{\rm {Edd}}$; revealing fundamental aspects of accretion physics in AGN.
ATOMS: ALMA three-millimetre observations of massive star-forming regions–XVII. High-mass star-formation through a large-scale collapse in IRAS 15394-5358
Authors: Das Swagat R , Merello Manuel , Bronfman Leonardo , Liu Tie , Garay Guido , Stutz Amelia , Mardones Diego , Zhou Jian-Wen , Sanhueza Patricio , Liu Hong-Li , Vázquez-Semadeni Enrique , Gómez Gilberto C , Palau Aina , Tej Anandmayee , Xu Feng-Wei , Baug Tapas , Dewangan Lokesh K , He Jinhua , Zhu Lei , Li Shanghuo , Juvela Mika , Saha Anindya , Issac Namitha , Hwang Jihye , Nazeer Hafiz , Toth L Viktor
Published: October 2024

Hub-filament systems are considered as natural sites for high-mass star formation. Kinematic analysis of the surroundings of hub-filaments is essential to better understand high-mass star formation within such systems. In this work, we present a detailed study of the massive Galactic protocluster IRAS 15394$-$5358, using continuum and molecular line data from the ALMA three-millimetre observations of massive star-forming regions (ATOMS) survey. The 3 mm dust continuum map reveals the fragmentation of the massive ($\rm M=843~{\rm M}_{\odot }$) clump into six cores. The core C-1A is the largest (radius  = 0.04 pc), the most massive ($\rm M=157~{\rm M}_{\odot }$), and lies within the dense central region, along with two smaller cores ($\rm M=7~and~3~{\rm M}_{\odot }$). The fragmentation process is consistent with the thermal Jeans fragmentation mechanism and virial analysis shows that all the cores have small virial parameter values ($\rm \alpha _{vir}\lt \lt 2$), suggesting that the cores are gravitationally bound. The mass versus radius relation indicates that three cores can potentially form at least a single massive star. The integrated intensity map of $\rm H^{13}CO^{+}$ shows that the massive clump is associated with a hub-filament system, where the central hub is linked with four filaments. A sharp velocity gradient is observed towards the hub, suggesting a global collapse where the filaments are actively feeding the hub. We discuss the role of global collapse and the possible driving mechanisms for the massive star formation activity in the protocluster.
Particle acceleration and non-thermal emission at the intrabinary shock of spider pulsars – I. Non-radiative simulations
Authors: Cortés Jorge , Sironi Lorenzo
Published: October 2024

Spider pulsars are compact binary systems composed of a millisecond pulsar and a low-mass companion. Their X-ray emission – modulated on the orbital period – is interpreted as synchrotron radiation from high-energy electrons accelerated at the intrabinary shock. We perform global two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of the intrabinary shock, assuming that the shock wraps around the companion star. When the pulsar spin axis is nearly aligned with the orbital angular momentum, we find that the magnetic energy of the relativistic pulsar wind – composed of magnetic stripes of alternating field polarity – efficiently converts to particle energy at the intrabinary shock, via shock-driven reconnection. The highest energy particles accelerated by reconnection can stream ahead of the shock and be further accelerated by the upstream motional electric field. In the downstream, further energization is governed by stochastic interactions with the plasmoids/magnetic islands generated by reconnection. We also extend our earlier work by performing simulations that have a larger (and more realistic) companion size and a more strongly magnetized pulsar wind. We confirm that our first-principles synchrotron spectra and light curves are in good agreement with X-ray observations.
Chemical abundances of 20 barium stars from the OHP spectra
Authors: Yang Guochao , Zhao Jingkun , Liang Yanchun , Spite Monique , Spite Francois , Shi Jianrong , Liu Shuai , Liu Nian , Cui Wenyuan , Zhao Gang
Published: October 2024

Based on the high resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra, we derived the chemical abundances of 20 elements for 20 barium (Ba-) stars. For the first time, the detailed abundances of four sample stars, namely HD 92482, HD 150430, HD 151101, and HD 177304 have been analysed. Additionally, Ba element abundance has been measured using high-resolution spectra for the first time in six of the other 16 sample stars. Based on the [s/Fe] ratios, the Ba-unknown star HD 115927 can be classified as a strong Ba-star, while the Ba-likely star HD 160538 can be categorized into a mild Ba-star. Consequently, our sample comprises three strong and 17 mild Ba-stars. The light odd-Z metal elements and Fe-peak elements exhibit near-solar abundances. The [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios demonstrate decreasing trends with increasing metallicity. Moreover, the abundances of neutron-capture (n-capture) elements show significant enhancements in different degrees. Using a threshold of the signed distances to the solar rapid-process (r-process) abundance pattern $d_{\rm s}$ = 0.6, we find that all of our sample stars are normal Ba-stars, indicating that the enhancements of slow-process (s-process) elements should be attributed to material transfer from their companions. We compare the observed n-capture patterns of sample stars with the FRUITY models, and estimate the mass of the Thermally-Pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch stars that previously contaminated the Ba-stars. The models with low masses can successfully explain the observations. From a kinematic point of view, we note that most of our sample stars are linked with the thin disc, while HD 130255 may be associated with the thick disc.
Novel constraints on companions to the Helix nebula central star
Authors: Iskandarli Leyla , Farihi Jay , Lothringer Joshua D , Parsons Steven G , De Marco Orsola , Rauch Thomas
Published: October 2024

The Helix is a visually striking and the nearest planetary nebula, yet any companions responsible for its asymmetric morphology have yet to be identified. In 2020, low-amplitude photometric variations with a periodicity of 2.8 d were reported based on Cycle 1 TESS observations. In this work, with the inclusion of two additional sectors, these periodic light curves are compared with lcurve simulations of irradiated companions in such an orbit. Based on the light-curve modelling, there are two representative solutions: (i) a Jupiter-sized body with 0.102 R$_\odot$ and an arbitrarily small orbital inclination $i=1^{\circ }$, and (ii) a 0.021 R$_\odot$ exoplanet with $i\approx 25^{\circ }$, essentially aligned with the Helix nebular inclination. Irradiated substellar companion models with equilibrium temperature 4970 K are constructed and compared with existing optical spectra and infrared photometry, where Jupiter-sized bodies can be ruled out, but companions modestly larger than Neptune are still allowed. Additionally, any spatially unresolved companions are constrained based on the multiwavelength, photometric spectral energy distribution of the central star. No ultracool dwarf companion earlier than around L5 is permitted within roughly 1200 au, leaving only faint white dwarfs and cold brown dwarfs as possible surviving architects of the nebular asymmetries. While a planetary survivor is a tantalizing possibility, it cannot be ruled out that the light-curve modulation is stellar in nature, where any substellar companion requires confirmation and may be possible with JWST observations.
Multifocal osteonecrosis due to the synergistic impact of inherited thrombophilia, autoimmunity, and pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Menon Jayakrishnan C , Parmar Nachiketa , Mandal Kausik , Yadav Prabhaker , Yadav Rajanikant , Yadav Subhash
Published: October 2024

Multifocal osteonecrosis is a rare entity which can lead to bone fragility, fractures, and considerable morbidity. The objective of this report is to describe the presentation, evaluation, and management of a case of multifocal osteonecrosis. A 34-year-old lady presented with multiple fractures and bone pain which was exacerbated during pregnancy. She was found to have osteonecrosis involving multiple sites. Investigation revealed that she had an undefined autoimmune condition with antinuclear antibody and anti-Ro (SS-A) positivity, not fulfilling criteria for diagnosis of Sjogren syndrome. She had low Protein S (PS) levels for age and gender (confirmed on two occasions 12 weeks apart outside pregnancy). She had a novel variant in the PROS1 gene (NM_000313.4:c.1513 G > A; p.Gly505Ser) which is associated with heterozygous PS deficiency. She had a good response to treatment with anticoagulation. The combination of inherited thrombophilia, autoimmunity, and the thrombophilic state induced by pregnancy probably contributed to the severe phenotype in this patient. The variant was identified in the Lamin G1 domain, which is instrumental in PS binding to tissue factor pathway inhibitor and C4-binding protein, thus playing a role in both the coagulation and complement pathway, and could explain the coexistence of autoimmunity with thrombophilia. This variant is present in 0.034% of South Asians in the gnomAD population database, and may represent an important cause of inherited thrombophilia in this group.
Insights into the North Patagonian Massif Lower Crust: Petrology and Microstructure of Granulite Xenoliths
Authors: Muckensturm Noé , Kaczmarek Mary-Alix , Grégoire Michel , Ntaflos Theodoros , Bjerg Ernesto A , Mouthereau Fréderic
Published: October 2024

The continental lower crust constitutes a key zone for understanding the mantle–crust magmatic and mechanical transfers, but its study is hampered by the paucity of lower crust samples. Here, we characterise the petrological, geochemical and petrophysical processes structuring the lower crust of the North Patagonian Massif (NPM; Argentina) using a suite of representative mafic granulite and websterite xenoliths. These xenoliths were entrained by alkaline lavas from five volcanic centres that erupted between the Oligocene and Pleistocene. Electron microprobe and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (LA-ICPMS) were used to obtain in situ geochemical data on the minerals, while microstructural data were obtained by Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD). Both granulites and websterites display a granoblastic texture and sometimes a weak inherited magmatic layering. Mafic granulite xenoliths show a plagioclase + clinopyroxene ± orthopyroxene assemblage commonly associated with spinel or titanomagnetite. Websterite xenoliths show an association of clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + spinel, along with accessory plagioclase. Mafic granulites and websterites have SiO2 contents ranging from 44 to 53 wt %, while their Mg# varies from 53 to 79. Clinopyroxenes are characterised by weak convex upward chondrite-normalised Rare Earth Elements - REE patterns (Light-REE </<< Mid-REE > Heavy-REE) which are similar to clinopyroxene phenocrysts and megacrysts from intra-plate basalts. Calculated liquid in equilibrium with clinopyroxene have similar REE patterns to those found in Cenozoic basalts from the NPM, suggesting that the xenolith suite represents evidence for underplating processes, possibly related to one of the magmatic events that have occurred in the NPM since the Permo-Trias. Mafic granulites and websterites show a weak mineral shape preferred orientation and an associated weak Crystal Preferred Orientation (CPO) related to the magmatic layering. Recorded plastic deformation is associated with the activation of both (100)[001] and (001)[100] slip systems in clinopyroxene, (100)[001] in orthopyroxene and (010)[001] in plagioclase. However, the activation of slip systems is generally not correlated with CPO in granulites, suggesting that the lower crust underwent subsolidus equilibration and weak plastic deformation in an inactive tectonic context, thereby preserving an inherited magmatic layering. Two-pyroxene (Fe–Mg) thermometer and pseudosection calculations define P–T conditions of the main paragenesis at 760°C to 1120°C and 7.2 to 10.3 kbar, which allows to define the Cenozoic geotherm of the NPM crust at 30°C/km and to reconsider the petrologic Moho depth at ca. 40 km.
Halogen Cycling at the Slab-Mantle Interface: Constraints from Metabasites from SW Tianshan, China
Authors: Pan Zheng-Hua , Chen Ren-Xu , Chen Tie-Nan , Yin Zhuang-Zhuang , Gong Bing , Zha Xiang-Ping , He Tao
Published: October 2024

Halogens play important roles in fluid activity and mass transfer in subduction zones. A systematic study of whole-rock and mineral F and Cl concentrations was carried out for a series of blueschists, high-pressure (HP) eclogites and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogites from the Chinese southwestern Tianshan. The whole-rock and mineral element compositions, phase equilibrium modeling and apatite U–Pb dating and element data were combined. The results are used to constrain halogen storage and transport in the subducting oceanic crust. The fluorine contents decrease from the blueschists to the UHP eclogites, whereas the Cl contents increase from the blueschists and HP eclogites to the UHP eclogites. Combined with the halogen compositions of their possible protoliths, it is inferred that most of the Cl was lost, whereas F was retained during subduction of the oceanic crust to the blueschist facies. Minerals in the UHP eclogites exhibit elevated Cr and Co contents and Ba/Th ratios, indicating that the infiltration of serpentinite-derived fluids resulted in Cl enrichment in the UHP eclogites. Reconstruction of whole-rock F and Cl contents from mineral models and halogen concentrations indicates continuous F and Cl loss from the subducting oceanic crust during prograde metamorphism from the blueschist to the UHP eclogite facies. The F loss from the subducting oceanic crust is consistent with the decreases in F contents in glaucophane, phengite and apatite. Apatite hosts 70% to 77% of the F in the rock and thus is the main F-host mineral in the subducting oceanic crust. Due to the different behaviors of F and Cl, the fluids released from the subducting oceanic crust had low F/Cl ratios before the blueschist facies but high F/Cl ratios during prograde metamorphism from the blueschist- to the UHP eclogite-facies. The UHP eclogites metasomatized by serpentinite-derived fluids exhibit significantly higher Cl contents and comparable F contents relative to the UHP serpentinites. This difference suggests that halogen-enriched UHP eclogites are important carriers of volatiles at subarc depths and beyond. Changes in the halogen composition of the subducting oceanic crust and the halogen flux between different lithologies in the subduction channel significantly affect element solubility in metamorphic fluids and thus mass transfer from the subducting slab to the overlying mantle wedge.
Environmental selection and advective transport shape the distribution of two cyst-forming Acantharia clades in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Thaler Mary , Labarre Aurélie , Lovejoy Connie
Published: October 2024

Anthropogenic induced climate perturbations are seen in changes in oceanic circulation patterns, and Arctic water masses defined by salinity are vulnerable to change. Biogeography of marine microbial eukaryotes is expected to be impacted by changes in local environmental conditions and advective processes, but tracking the extent of plankton distribution requires understanding routes for both active and passive tracers. To identify such tracers, we focused on samples collected in the western (Canada Basin) and eastern (Nares Strait); extremes of the Canadian High Arctic that are connected by an east flowing current north of Canada. Sequencing of the V4 region of 18S rRNA revealed that Acantharia, a taxonomically and functionally diverse group of large planktonic protists, were particularly common. Arctic acantharians in our study were dominated by two clades belonging to cyst-forming groups. The distribution of one clade suggested successful advective transport from the Pacific sourced water in the Beaufort Gyre to southern Nares Strait, with cells transported along the northern shelf of the Canadian Arctic. A second clade appeared to be a resident taxon of the Canada Basin whose distribution correlated to local environmental conditions, and detection in deeper samples would be consistent with swarmer formation enabling reestablishment the following year.
N-terminal domain homologs of the orange carotenoid protein increase quenching of cyanobacterial phycobilisomes
Authors: Sheppard Damien , Espinoza-Corral Roberto , Lechno-Yossef Sigal , Sutter Markus , Arcidiacono Amanda , Cignoni Edoardo , Cupellini Lorenzo , Mennucci Benedetta , Kerfeld Cheryl A
Published: October 2024

Stress exerted by excess captured light energy in cyanobacteria is prevented by the photoprotective activity of the orange carotenoid protein (OCP). Under high light, the OCP converts from an orange, inactive form (OCPO) into the red form (OCPR) that binds to and quenches the phycobilisome (PBS). Structurally, the OCP consists of two domains: the N-terminal effector domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain. Structural analysis of the OCP-PBS complex showed that the N-terminal domains of an OCP dimer interact with the PBS core. These N-terminal OCP domains have single domain protein paralogs known as Helical Carotenoid Proteins (HCPs). Using phycobilisome quenching assays, we show that the HCP4 and HCP5 homologs efficiently quench PBS fluorescence in vitro, surpassing the quenching ability of the OCP. This is consistent with computational quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics results. Interestingly, when using a maximum quenching concentration of OCP with phycobilisomes, HCP5 addition further increases phycobilisome quenching. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the quenching capacity and roles of HCP4 and HCP5 in cyanobacteria, suggesting that they are more than simply functionally redundant to the OCP.
Personalized outcomes in neuropathic pain: a clinical relevance and assay sensitivity analysis from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Saab Karim , Gada Umang , Culakova Eva , Burnette Brian , Jorgensen Carla , Shah Dhaval , Morrow Gary , Mustian Karen , Sohn Michael B , Edwards Robert R , Freeman Roy , Langford Dale J , McDermott Michael P , Gewandter Jennifer S
Published: October 2024

Objective

To explore the clinical relevance and assay sensitivity of using personalized outcomes using data from a randomized clinical trial (RCT) in people with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).

Design

This study is a secondary analysis that leveraged data from a RCT of transcutaneous electrical stimulation for CIPN to test whether personalized outcomes could minimize potential floor effects and increase the assay sensitivity of pain clinical trials (ie, ability to detect a true treatment effect).

Setting

Participants were recruited for a RCT from community oncology clinics in the United States.

Participants

Adults with CIPN (N = 72) who reported on average ≥4 intensity (measured via a 7-day baseline diary) for at least 1 of the following pain qualities: hot/burning pain, sharp/shooting pain, and/or cramping.

Methods

Personalized outcomes were defined based on participants’ unique presentation of pain qualities at baseline, measured via 0-10 numeric rating scales (NRS), or ranking of the distress caused by the pain qualities. Analysis of covariance models estimated the treatment effect as measured by personalized and non-personalized outcomes.

Results

The adjusted mean difference between groups was higher using personalized outcomes (ie, 1.21-1.25 NRS points) compared to a non-personalized outcome (ie, 0.97 NRS points), although the standardized effect sizes were similar between outcomes (0.49-0.54).

Conclusions

These results suggest that personalized pain quality outcomes could minimize floor effects, while providing similar assay sensitivity to non-personalized pain quality outcomes. Personalized outcomes better reflect an individual’s unique experience, inherently providing more clinically relevant estimates of treatment effects. Personalized outcomes may be advantageous, particularly for clinical trials in populations with high inter-individual variability in pain qualities.
The utility of wastewater surveillance for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 prevalence
Authors: Mills Cathal , Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Elliott Paul , Donnelly Christl A
Published: October 2024

Public health authorities have increasingly used wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to monitor community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other agents. In this study, we evaluate the utility of WBE during the COVID-19 pandemic in England for estimating SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. We use wastewater data from the Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection program and prevalence data from the REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 study. Across the pandemic, we describe how wastewater-based modeling can achieve representative SARS-CoV-2 prevalence estimates in fine and coarse spatial resolutions for relatively short-time horizons (of up to 1 month), and thus assist in filling temporal gaps in surveillance. We infer a temporally evolving relationship between wastewater and prevalence which may limit the utility of WBE for estimating SARS-CoV-2 prevalence over longer time horizons without a concurrent prevalence survey. Exploring further our finding of time-varying, population-level fecal shedding, we characterize WBE for SARS-CoV-2 prevalence as (i) vaccination coverage dependent and (ii) variant- specific. Our research suggests that these factors are important considerations in future uses of WBE by public health authorities in infectious disease outbreaks. We further demonstrate that WBE can improve both the cost efficiency and accuracy of community prevalence surveys which on their own may have incomplete geographic coverage and/or small sample sizes. Therefore, in England, for the objective of high spatial resolution prevalence monitoring, strategic use of SARS-CoV-2 wastewater concentration data nationally could have enhanced, but not replaced, community prevalence survey programs.
Expressions of uncertainty in online science communication hinder information diffusion
Authors: Stavrova Olga , Kleinberg Bennett , Evans Anthony M , Ivanović Milena
Published: October 2024

Despite the importance of transparent communication of uncertainty surrounding scientific findings, there are concerns that communicating uncertainty might damage the public perception and dissemination of science. Yet, a lack of empirical research on the potential impact of uncertainty communication on the diffusion of scientific findings poses challenges in assessing such claims. We studied the effect of uncertainty in a field study and a controlled experiment. In Study 1, a natural language processing analysis of over 2 million social media (Twitter/X) messages about scientific findings revealed that more uncertain messages were shared less often. Study 2 replicated this pattern using an experimental design where participants were presented with large-language-model (LLM)-generated high- and low-uncertainty messages. These results underscore the role of uncertainty in the dissemination of scientific findings and inform the ongoing debates regarding the benefits and the risks of uncertainty in science communication.
Addressing the Challenges of Rural Local Governments: Perceptions of State Assistance
Authors: Helpap David J
Published: October 2024

Like their urban counterparts, rural local governments’ relationships with their states have become varied and complex, particularly as rural America has become increasingly prominent in state and national politics, and the challenges facing rural communities have increased. However, a focus on this subset of local governments has been limited in scholarship on American federalism. Using survey data of rural local governments in Wisconsin, this article examines the degree to which rural governments perceive state assistance as helpful in addressing community challenges. Results indicate significant support for additional state assistance but also concerns about current levels of state financial support and state-imposed revenue limitations. Rural local governments with greater expenditures, worse financial conditions, lower levels of existing state aid, a more agriculture-dependent economy, and an older population are more likely to perceive additional state assistance as beneficial. Overall, these results provide additional clarity on rural local governments’ perceptions of—and interactions with—their states.
Mandatory Notice of Layoff, Job Search, and Efficiency
Authors: Cederlöf Jonas , Fredriksson Peter , Nekoei Arash , Seim David
Published: October 2024

In all OECD countries, mandatory notice (MN) policies require firms to inform workers in advance of a layoff. In our theoretical framework, MN helps workers avoid unemployment and find better jobs by encouraging them to search for a new job while still employed, thereby increasing future production. The magnitude of this production gain depends on the relative effectiveness of search while employed versus unemployed. But on-the-job search and diminished work incentives reduce current production. If future gains outweigh current production losses, longer advance notice improves production efficiency. If not, Coasian bargaining predicts that firms offer a larger severance instead of longer notice. With bargaining, the sole efficiency loss of MN is due to delayed separations of unproductive job matches. We test these predictions using novel Swedish administrative data on layoff notifications. Workers eligible for extended MN receive longer notice and larger severance, resulting in less exposure to nonemployment spells and higher-paying jobs. These favorable labor market outcomes are solely due to longer notice; in contrast, larger severance delays job finding and has no impact on wages. We also show that advance notice replaces job search while unemployed with more effective search while employed. On the production side, we document a productivity drop among notified workers and estimate a production loss due to delayed separations. Using our estimates of production gains and losses to evaluate the overall production efficiency, we conclude that the gains of MN seem to outweigh the losses.
Enforced hematopoietic cell E-selectin/L-selectin ligand expression enhances bone marrow stromal cells homing and amelioration of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via induction of prostaglandin E2
Authors: Yi Lian , Qu Yewei , Zhang Qi , Shi Shanshan , Li Fangqin , Qu Changda , Tang Yushi , Wen Shirong , Pan Yujun
Published: October 2024

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a significant and potentially life-threatening disease with limited treatment options, often resulting in severe disability. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantation has exhibited promising neuroprotection following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the effectiveness is hindered by their low homing rate when administered through the vein. In this study, we aimed to enhance the homing ability of BMSCs through lentivirus transfection to express fucosyltransferase 7. This glycosylation engineered CD44 on BMSCs to express hematopoietic cell E-selectin/L-selectin ligand (HCELL), which is the most potent E-selectin ligand. Following enforced HCELL expression, the transplantation of BMSCs was then evaluated in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Results showed that HCELL+BMSCs significantly ameliorated neurological deficits and reduced the volume of cerebral infarction. Furthermore, the transplantation led to a decrease in apoptosis by upregulating BCL-2 and downregulating BAX, also reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the ischemic brain tissue. Notably, enforced HCELL expression facilitated the migration of BMSCs toward cerebral ischemic lesions and their subsequent transendothelial migration through the upregulation of PTGS-2, increased production of PGE2 and activation of VLA-4. In summary, our study demonstrates that transplantation of HCELL+BMSCs effectively alleviates CIRI, and that enforced HCELL expression enhances the homing of BMSCs to cerebral ischemic lesions and their transendothelial migration via PTGS-2/PGE2/VLA-4. These findings indicate that enforced expression of HCELL on BMSCs could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Catheter-related Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis in Neonates and Long-term Consequences: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xiong Ling , Tan Yanzhe , Yang Xue , Wang Hezhi , Ding Mengwei , Sessler Daniel I. , Zhong John , Zhu Lirong , Tang Linlin , Xu Ying
Published: October 2024

Background:

The incidence of central venous catheter–related thrombosis and the long-term effects of thrombosis on catheterized veins in neonates are unknown. The authors therefore determined the incidence of central venous thrombosis, identified associated risk factors, and evaluated outcomes at 6 months.

Methods:

The study enrolled neonates aged less than 28 days scheduled for major intestinal or cardiac surgery who were expected to require central venous catheters for at least 48 h. Catheter size, insertion method, and puncture site were determined by the attending anesthesiologist. The duration of catheterization was also determined by clinical need. Central venous thrombi were diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound imaging within 48 h after catheter removal; results were not shared with clinicians. Ultrasound examinations were repeated 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge.

Results:

The study enrolled 188 neonates during a period of 2 yr. The median duration of catheter insertion was 12 days. A total of 128 (68%) of the neonates had central venous thrombi at the catheter site, all of which were asymptomatic. Among patients with thrombi, 29 (23%) had complete vessel occlusion and 5 (4%) had venous stenosis at 6 months after discharge. Thrombi therefore spontaneously resolved by 6 months in 73% of the neonates. Central venous catheter to vein diameter ratio, duration of catheterization, and catheter dysfunction were independent risk factors for vessel thrombus. Complete vessel occlusion was most common in patients whose thrombus occupied more than 58% of the vessel at the initial assessment.

Conclusions:

Covert central venous thrombosis is frequent in neonates who have central venous catheters, and complications are most common in patients who have large intravascular thrombi. Neonates with large intravascular thrombi should be followed and considered for anticoagulation.
Initial Development of the Nurse Perception of Infant Condition (NPIC) Scale
Authors: Fortney Christine A. , Helsabeck Nathan P. , Thomsen Kayla , Lin Chyongchiou J. , Baughcum Amy E. , Gerhardt Cynthia A.
Published: October 2024

Background:

More than 350,000 U.S. infants are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) annually and likely experience discomfort. Although nurse perceptions of infant symptoms, suffering, and quality of life (QOL) are valuable, the availability of standardized assessment tools to measure these concepts are limited.

Purpose:

To provide preliminary evidence of the internal structure, reliability, and validity of the Nurse Perception of Infant Condition (NPIC) scale.

Methods:

Infants were enrolled from a Level IV NICU in the U.S. Midwest. Nurses reported on their perceptions of the infant symptom experience and their expectations for infant survival. Weekly behavioral observations of infants were obtained before and after standard delivery of care to obtain a comfort score.

Results:

237 nurses who cared for 73 infants completed 569 surveys over 28 months. All NPIC items were significantly correlated with each other (P < .001). Factor analysis revealed strong evidence of a 2-factor structure (survival and suffering subscales). Both subscales demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency. Together the 2 factors explained 82% of the variability in the scale responses. Limited validity evidence was found.

Implications for Practice and Research:

Evidence was found to support the internal structure and reliability of the NPIC scale. However, further item development and refinement is needed to increase the utility NPIC scale in clinical and research settings. The development of improved assessments of the infant NICU experience is warranted. Nurse perceptions of infant suffering or poor QOL may have implications for their expectations for infant survival and possibly care delivery.