bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 29 Studies Predicting Diagnostic Accuracy of CT, MRI, PET, and USG in Detecting Extracapsular Spread in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Mair Manish , Singhavi Hitesh , Pai Ameya , Khan Mariya , Conboy Peter , Olaleye Oladejo , Salha Rami , Ameerally Phil , Vaidhyanath Ram , Chaturvedi Pankaj
Published: April 2024

Background: Extracapsular spread (ECS) is the extension of cancer cells beyond the lymph node capsule and is a significant prognostic factor in head and neck cancers. This meta-analysis compared the diagnostic accuracy of CT, MRI, PET, and USG in detecting ECS in head and neck cancers. Methodology: The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that compared the diagnostic accuracy of CT, MRI, PET, and USG in detecting ECS in head and neck cancers. They included studies that were published between 1990 and December 2023 and that used histopathology as the reference standard for ECS. Results: The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CT scan were 0.63 (95% CI = 0.53–0.73) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.74–0.91), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 0.83 (95% CI = 0.71–0.90) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.73–0.92), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of PET were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.74–0.85) and 0.93 (95% CI = 0.92–0.94), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of USG were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.68–0.88) and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.74–0.91), respectively. MRI had significantly higher sensitivity than CT scan (p-0.05). The specificity of CT and MRI was not significantly different (p-0.99). PET scan had the highest specificity among all imaging modalities. Conclusion: MRI is the most accurate imaging modality for detecting ECS in head and neck cancers. CT scan is a reasonable alternative, but PET scan may be considered when high specificity is required. USG may not add any further benefit in detecting ECS.
Adjuvant PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibition in Early Cutaneous Melanoma: Immunological Mode of Action and the Role of Ultraviolet Radiation
Authors: Brandlmaier Matthias , Hoellwerth Magdalena , Koelblinger Peter , Lang Roland , Harrer Andrea
Published: April 2024

Melanoma ranks as the fifth most common solid cancer in adults worldwide and is responsible for a significant proportion of skin-tumor-related deaths. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies has revolutionized the adjuvant treatment of high-risk, completely resected stage III/IV melanoma. However, not all patients benefit equally. Current strategies for improving outcomes involve adjuvant treatment in earlier disease stages (IIB/C) as well as perioperative treatment approaches. Interfering with T-cell exhaustion to counteract cancer immune evasion and the immunogenic nature of melanoma is key for anti-PD-1 effectiveness. Yet, the biological rationale for the efficacy of adjuvant treatment in clinically tumor-free patients remains to be fully elucidated. High-dose intermittent sun exposure (sunburn) is a well-known primary risk factor for melanomagenesis. Also, ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced immunosuppression may impair anti-cancer immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about adjuvant anti-PD-1 blockade, including a characterization of the main cell types most likely responsible for its efficacy. In conclusion, we propose that local and systemic immunosuppression, to some extent UVR-mediated, can be restored by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy, consequently boosting anti-melanoma immune surveillance and the elimination of residual melanoma cell clones.
The Gut Connection: Exploring the Possibility of Implementing Gut Microbial Metabolites in Lymphoma Treatment
Authors: Al-Khazaleh Ahmad K. , Chang Dennis , Münch Gerald W. , Bhuyan Deep Jyoti
Published: April 2024

Recent research has implicated the gut microbiota in the development of lymphoma. Dysbiosis of the gut microbial community can disrupt the production of gut microbial metabolites, thereby impacting host physiology and potentially contributing to lymphoma. Dysbiosis-driven release of gut microbial metabolites such as lipopolysaccharides can promote chronic inflammation, potentially elevating the risk of lymphoma. In contrast, gut microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, have shown promise in preclinical studies by promoting regulatory T-cell function, suppressing inflammation, and potentially preventing lymphoma. Another metabolite, urolithin A, exhibited immunomodulatory and antiproliferative properties against lymphoma cell lines in vitro. While research on the role of gut microbial metabolites in lymphoma is limited, this article emphasizes the need to comprehend their significance, including therapeutic applications, molecular mechanisms of action, and interactions with standard chemotherapies. The article also suggests promising directions for future research in this emerging field of connection between lymphoma and gut microbiome.
Long-Term Surgical Outcome of Class A and B Tympanomastoid Paragangliomas
Authors: Yilala Melcol Hailu , Fancello Giuseppe , Fancello Virginia , Lauda Lorenzo , Sanna Mario
Published: April 2024

Objective: To analyze the long-term facial function as well as overall postoperative condition in surgically treated tympanomastoid PGL patients. Study Design: Retrospective study. Method: The medical records of patients with surgically managed class A and B tympanomastoid PGLs between 1983 and 2023 were thoroughly evaluated. Result: Our center has treated a total of 213 cases of tympanomastoid PGL surgically. The mean age of patients was 54, and the male-to-female ratio was 1:6. The most common symptoms at presentation were hearing loss (80%), pulsatile tinnitus (77%), and vertigo (15%). According to the modified Fisch classification, 45% of the cases were classified as class A (A1 and A2), while 55% were classified as class B (B1, B2, and B3). All class A and most class B1 and B2 tumors were removed either with transcanal or retroauricular-transcanal approaches. However, more advanced class B3 lesions were removed with subtotal petrosectomy (SP) along with middle ear obliteration. Facial nerve outcome was excellent in all class A and B cases, while chances of postoperative paresis slightly increased with the size and extent of the tumor (p < 0.05). The hearing outcome is excellent for class A1, A2, B1, and B2 tumors, whereas more advanced class B3 cases have a loss of air conduction (AC) and increased bone conduction (BC) threshold (p < 0.05). Complete surgical removal was achieved in 97% of our cases. The most common late complication was permanent TM perforation (7%), and the recurrence rate was 3%. Conclusions: Tympanomastoid PGL represents the most common neoplasm of the middle ear space. The most frequent presenting symptoms include pulsatile tinnitus and hearing loss, whereas the presence of retrotympanic mass was evident in all cases at the time of initial otoscopic evaluation. Proper documentation of facial function and audiometric evaluation are crucial elements of preoperative workup. The most preferred preoperative radiologic examination is high-resolution computer tomography (HRCT), whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with or without gadolinium enhancement is reserved for cases with a dilemma of carotid artery or jugular bulb involvement. The main goal of tympanomastoid PGL treatment is complete disease removal with preservation of hearing and facial functions. Surgical treatment remains the preferred treatment modality with the benefits of complete disease removal, lower rate of recurrence and complication, and acceptable postoperative hearing level. Here, we present our 40 years of experience, which, to the very best of our knowledge, is the largest series of tympanomastoid PGL in the English literature.
Bubbles Management for Enhanced Catalytic Water Splitting Performance
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Gu Chen , Wang Kun , Yu Haoxuan , Qiu Jiaxuan , Wang Shiyan , Wang Longlu , Yan Dafeng
Published: April 2024

Water splitting is widely acknowledged as an efficient method for hydrogen production. In recent years, significant research efforts have been directed towards developing cost-effective electrocatalysts. However, the management of bubbles formed on the electrode surface during electrolysis has been largely overlooked. These bubbles can impede the active sites, resulting in decreased catalytic performance and stability, especially at high current densities. Consequently, this impediment affects the energy conversion efficiency of water splitting. To address these challenges, this review offers a comprehensive overview of advanced strategies aimed at improving catalytic performance and mitigating the obstructive effects of bubbles in water splitting. These strategies primarily involve the utilization of experimental apparatus to observe bubble-growth behavior, encompassing nucleation, growth, and detachment stages. Moreover, the review examines factors influencing bubble formation, considering both mechanical behaviors and internal factors. Additionally, the design of efficient water-splitting catalysts is discussed, focusing on modifying electrode-surface characteristics. Finally, the review concludes by summarizing the potential of bubble management in large-scale industrial hydrogen production and identifying future directions for achieving efficient hydrogen production.
Novel Tetragonal Boron Pnictides BX (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) with Square B2X2 Motifs from Crystal Chemistry and First Principles
Authors: Matar Samir F. , Solozhenko Vladimir L.
Published: April 2024

Novel tetragonal (P42/mnm) boron pnictides BX (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) with chromium boride (crb) topology exhibiting a square B2X2 motif with resulting edge- and corner-sharing tetrahedra were predicted from crystal chemistry and extensively characterized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All new BX phases were found to be cohesive with decreasing cohesive energy along the series. Mechanically stable with positive sets of elastic constants, all crb phases exhibit slightly lower hardness than other BX polymorphs due to increased openness of the crystal structures. All-positive phonon frequencies characterize the crb BX family except for X = Bi, which shows a slight acoustic instability; also, the shape of the phonon spectra changes from band-like for X = N, P, As to flat bands for the heavier elements. The electronic band structures reveal insulating to semiconducting properties for crb BX, depending on the pnictogen nature along the series.
Molecular Characterization of Advanced-Stage Melanomas in Clinical Practice Using a Laboratory-Developed Next-Generation Sequencing Panel
Authors: Maloberti Thais , De Leo Antonio , Coluccelli Sara , Sanza Viviana , Gruppioni Elisa , Altimari Annalisa , Comito Francesca , Melotti Barbara , Marchese Paola Valeria , Dika Emi , Venturi Federico , Corti Barbara , Ciccimarra Giulia , Ciceu Crina Adriana , Tallini Giovanni , de Biase Dario
Published: April 2024

Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most lethal tumors among skin cancers, characterized by complex genetic and molecular alterations that result in uncontrolled cell proliferation and metastatic spread. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables the simultaneous examination of numerous genes, making this molecular technique essential for melanoma diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and therapy planning. Herein, we present the experience with our laboratory-designed NGS panel for the routine assessment of advanced-stage melanoma. A total of 260 specimens of advanced-stage melanomas were evaluated utilizing a laboratory-developed multi-gene NGS panel, which allowed the investigation of 229 amplicons in 25 oncogene/oncosuppressor genes. The NGS panel proved to be a reliable tool, failing to produce results in only 1.2% of the samples tested. BRAF and TERT were the two more commonly altered genes in 44.0% and 59.9% of samples, respectively. In 59.3% of the mutated cases, at least two concomitant variants were detected. In eight cases, both primary lesion and metastatic disease were analyzed by NGS. In all specimens (8/8, 100%), a perfect concordance in variants harbored by the primary and recurrence lesions was observed. Finally, this study described the validity of a laboratory-developed multi-gene NGS panel built specifically for advanced-stage melanomas in ordinary clinical practice.
MHDNet: A Multi-Scale Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Person Re-Identification
Authors: Wang Jinghui , Wang Jun
Published: April 2024

The primary objective of person re-identification is to identify individuals from surveillance videos across various scenarios. Conventional pedestrian recognition models typically employ convolutional neural network (CNN) and vision transformer (ViT) networks to extract features, and while CNNs are adept at extracting local features through convolution operations, capturing global information can be challenging, especially when dealing with high-resolution images. In contrast, ViT rely on cascaded self-attention modules to capture long-range feature dependencies, sacrificing local feature details. In light of these limitations, this paper presents the MHDNet, a hybrid network structure for pedestrian recognition that combines convolutional operations and self-attention mechanisms to enhance representation learning. The MHDNet is built around the Feature Fusion Module (FFM), which harmonizes global and local features at different resolutions. With a parallel structure, the MHDNet model maximizes the preservation of local features and global representations. Experiments on two person re-identification datasets demonstrate the superiority of the MHDNet over other state-of-the-art methods.
Forest Fire Smoke Detection Based on Multiple Color Spaces Deep Feature Fusion
Authors: Han Ziqi , Tian Ye , Zheng Change , Zhao Fengjun
Published: April 2024

The drastic increase of forest fire occurrence, which in recent years has posed severe threat and damage worldwide to the natural environment and human society, necessitates smoke detection of the early forest fire. First, a semantic segmentation method based on multiple color spaces feature fusion is put forward for forest fire smoke detection. Considering that smoke images in different color spaces may contain varied and distinctive smoke features which are beneficial for improving the detection ability of a model, the proposed model integrates the function of multi-scale and multi-type self-adaptive weighted feature fusion with attention augmentation to extract the enriched and complementary fused features of smoke, utilizing smoke images from multi-color spaces as inputs. Second, the model is trained and evaluated on part of the FIgLib dataset containing high-quality smoke images from watchtowers in the forests, incorporating various smoke types and complex background conditions, with a satisfactory smoke segmentation result for forest fire detection. Finally, the optimal color space combination and the fusion strategy for the model is determined through elaborate and extensive experiments with a superior segmentation result of 86.14 IoU of smoke obtained.
There Are Infinite Ways to Formulate Code: How to Mitigate the Resulting Problems for Better Software Vulnerability Detection
Authors: Groppe Jinghua , Groppe Sven , Senf Daniel , Möller Ralf
Published: April 2024

Given a set of software programs, each being labeled either as vulnerable or benign, deep learning technology can be used to automatically build a software vulnerability detector. A challenge in this context is that there are countless equivalent ways to implement a particular functionality in a program. For instance, the naming of variables is often a matter of the personal style of programmers, and thus, the detection of vulnerability patterns in programs is made difficult. Current deep learning approaches to software vulnerability detection rely on the raw text of a program and exploit general natural language processing capabilities to address the problem of dealing with different naming schemes in instances of vulnerability patterns. Relying on natural language processing, and learning how to reveal variable reference structures from the raw text, is often too high a burden, however. Thus, approaches based on deep learning still exhibit problems generating a detector with decent generalization properties due to the naming or, more generally formulated, the vocabulary explosion problem. In this work, we propose techniques to mitigate this problem by making the referential structure of variable references explicit in input representations for deep learning approaches. Evaluation results show that deep learning models based on techniques presented in this article outperform raw text approaches for vulnerability detection. In addition, the new techniques also induce a very small main memory footprint. The efficiency gain of memory usage can be up to four orders of magnitude compared to existing methods as our experiments indicate.
C-Reactive Protein and Long-Term Prognosis in Adult Patients with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Martínez-Quintana Efrén , Alcántara-Castellano María , García-Suárez Marta Isabel , Rodríguez-González Fayna
Published: April 2024

Background/Objectives: Prognostic biomarkers may provide information about the patient’s cardiovascular outcomes. However, there are doubts regarding how high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) impacts patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). The main objective is to evaluate whether high hs-CRP levels predict a worse prognosis in patients with CHD. Methods: Observational and prospective cohort study. Adult CHD patients and controls were matched for age and sex. Results: In total, 434 CHD patients (cases) and 820 controls were studied. The median age in the CHD patients was 30 (18–62) years and 256 (59%) were male. A total of 51%, 30%, and 19% of patients with CHD had mild, moderate, and great complexity defects, respectively. The body mass index [1.07 (1.01–1.13), p = 0.022)], diabetes mellitus [3.57 (1.07–11.97), p = 0.039], high NT-pro-BNP levels [1.00 (1.00–1.01), p = 0.021], and low serum iron concentrations [0.98 (0.97–0.99), p = 0.001] predicted high hs-CRP levels (≥0.3 mg/dL) in patients with CHD. During a follow-up time of 6.81 (1.17–10.46) years, major cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred in 40 CHD patients, showing the Kaplan–Meier test demonstrated a worse outcome among patients with hs-CRP levels above 0.3 mg/dL (p = 0.012). Also, hs-CRP showed statistical significance in the univariate Cox regression survival analysis. However, after adjusting for other variables, this significance was lost and the remaining predictors of MACE were age [HR 1.03 (1.01–1.06), p = 0.001], great complexity defects [HR 2.46 (1.07–5.69), p = 0.035], and an NT pro-BNP cutoff value for heart failure > 125 pg/mL [HR 7.73 (2.54–23.5), p < 0.001]. Conclusions: Hs-CRP obtained statistical significance in the univariate survival analysis. However, this significance was lost in the multivariate analysis in favor of age, CHD complexity, and heart failure.
Ag+-Mediated Folding of Long Polyguanine Strands to Double and Quadruple Helixes
Authors: Katrivas Liat , Makarovsky Anna , Kempinski Benjamin , Randazzo Antonio , Improta Roberto , Rotem Dvir , Porath Danny , Kotlyar Alexander B.
Published: April 2024

Metal-mediated base pairing of DNA has been a topic of extensive research spanning over more than four decades. Precise positioning of a single metal ion by predetermining the DNA sequence, as well as improved conductivity offered by the ions, make these structures interesting candidates in the context of using DNA in nanotechnology. Here, we report the formation and characterization of conjugates of long (kilo bases) homoguanine DNA strands with silver ions. We demonstrate using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscope (STM) that binding of silver ions leads to folding of homoguanine DNA strands in a “hairpin” fashion to yield double-helical, left-handed molecules composed of G-G base pairs each stabilized by a silver ion. Further folding of the DNA–silver conjugate yields linear molecules in which the two halves of the double helix are twisted one against the other in a right-handed fashion. Quantum mechanical calculations on smaller molecular models support the helical twist directions obtained by the high resolution STM analysis. These long guanine-based nanostructures bearing a chain of silver ions have not been synthesized and studied before and are likely to possess conductive properties that will make them attractive candidates for nanoelectronics.
Recycled PET/PA6 Fibers from Waste Textile with Improved Hydrophilicity by In-Situ Reaction-Induced Capacity Enhancement
Authors: Luo Li-Bin , Chen Rong , Lian Yu-Xin , Wu Wen-Jun , Zhang Jia-Hong , Fu Chong-Xian , Sun Xiao-Li , Xiao Li-Ren
Published: April 2024

Due to the increasing amounts of textile waste, textile to textile recycling is of prime concern. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) represents the most extensively used type of chemical fiber. Its spinnability suffers from impurities and degradation in the processing, which limits its recycling to new fibers. Here, recycled polyester is blended with a small amount of recycled nylon, and the regenerated fibers, which demonstrated good mechanical properties, were obtained via a melt spinning machine. The mechanical properties, thermal properties, rheological properties, and chemical structure of the modified recycled fibers were investigated. It was found that when compared with rPET-T fibers, the elongation at break of rPET-Ax fibers increased to 17.48%, and the strength at break decreased to 3.79 cN/dtex. The compatibility of PET and PA6 copolymer were enhanced by copolymers produced by in-situ reaction in the processing. Meanwhile, the existence of PA6 increases the crystallization temperature and improves the hydrophilicity of the fibers. This study realized the high-value recycling of waste PET fabric to new fibers, which opens a door for the large utilization of waste textiles.
The Synergistic Effect of Carbon Black/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Fillers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of EPDM Composites after Exposure to High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas
Authors: Kang Hyunmin , Bae Jongwoo , Lee Jinhyok , Yun Yumi , Jeon Sangkoo , Chung Nakkwan , Jung Jaekap , Baek Unbong , Lee Jihun , Kim Yewon , Choi Myungchan
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the synergistic effect of carbon black/multi-wall carbon nanotube (CB/MWCNT) hybrid fillers on the physical and mechanical properties of Ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) composites after exposure to high-pressure hydrogen gas. The EPDM/CB/CNT hybrid composites were prepared by using the EPDM/MWCNT master batch (MB) with 10 phr CNTs to enhance the dispersion of CNTs in hybrid composites. The investigation included a detailed analysis of cure characteristics, crosslink density, Payne effect, mechanical properties, and hydrogen permeation properties. After exposure to 96.3 MPa hydrogen gas, the hydrogen uptake and the change in volume and mechanical properties of the composites were assessed. We found that as the MWCNT volume fraction in fillers increased, the crosslink density, filler–filler interaction, and modulus of hybrid composites increased. The hydrogen uptake and the solubility of the composites decreased with an increasing MWCNT volume fraction in fillers. Moreover, after exposure to hydrogen gas, the change in volume and mechanical properties exhibited a diminishing trend with a higher MWCNT volume fraction. We conclude that the hybridization of CB and CNTs formed strong filler–filler networks in hybrid composites, consequently reinforcing the EPDM composites and enhancing the barrier properties of hydrogen gas.
Analysis of the Network Efficiency of Chinese Ports in Global Shipping under the Impacts of Typhoons
Authors: Wang Tianni , Feng Haochen , Poo Mark Ching-Pong , Lau Yui-Yip
Published: April 2024

With the increasing volume of international trade and maritime demand, the requirements for the stability and reliability of the global shipping system are also increasing. The research on the network efficiency of Chinese ports for global shipping can not only examine the importance of Chinese ports in the shipping network but also find out the aspects that need to be improved in the construction of the port’s climate adaptability in the resilience assessment to strengthen port construction and further improve the efficiency of the network. The current study builds a shipping network based on RCEP and systematically examines the key ports in China within the networks. The research paper aims to improve the resilience of the ports and the whole shipping network in response to typhoon disasters. As such, this paper focuses on shipping research based on complex networks and network multi-centricity analysis, followed by a ranking of ports. Firstly, this paper uses UCINET 6 software to build a global shipping network. Such a network evaluates the centrality of ports, calculates the degree of centrality, proximity to centrality, and centrality, and scores them according to the ranking. Then, it selects the top 20 ports in China according to the ranking and researches network efficiency for the listed ports considering the typhoon risks. The analysis of network robustness, average shortest path length, and network efficiency are carried out for the shipping network and China’s essential port nodes in the network. According to the experimental results, no matter the robustness, average shortest path length, or network efficiency, when the important ports of China in the shipping network are affected, they will cause different degrees of impact, and the performance loss caused by multiple ports is higher than that of a single port. They emphasise the significant impact of typhoons on multiple ports and remind people to minimise losses as much as possible based on experimental results, ensuring the stable operation of ports and improving resilience in typhoon prevention under the changing climate. Additionally, they provide a solid foundation to further sustain global shipping network resilience.
Remanufacturing Operations in Different Financial Ownership Structures with Consideration of the Upwards Supplier
Authors: Lu Xin , Xu Fangchao , Qin Fan
Published: April 2024

Under the increasing environmental pressure, remanufacturing has increasingly become a new mode of recycling economy and upgrading and transforming the equipment manufacturing industry. Some enterprises include remanufacturing businesses in the original production system by holding or controlling shares in other remanufacturing enterprises. This paper builds a two-echelon supply chain model composed of a supplier, a manufacturer, and a remanufacturer, considering the different ownership structures (i.e., shareholding and share-controlling) between them, in which the supplier sells non-remanufacturable parts to the manufacturer and the remanufacturer. At the same time, the optimal decisions of each firm are considered. The results show that for the manufacturer, a higher shareholding ratio means that it can obtain more profits. For the supplier, the impact of the shareholding ratio depends on the manufacturing cost. When the manufacturing cost is relatively low, the stock sharing relationship between the manufacturer and the remanufacturer will decrease the supplier’s profit. When the manufacturing cost is relatively high, it will depend on the shareholding ratio. In the case of shareholding between the manufacturer and the remanufacturer, a higher shareholding ratio will decrease the supplier’s profit. From the perspective of the supply chain, when the production cost is high enough, the supply chain’s profit decreases first and then increases with the shareholding ratio. Furthermore, the increase in the manufacturer’s shareholding in remanufacturing does not always improve the remanufacturing proportion of products.
A Feasibility Analysis of Energy Retrofit Initiatives Aimed at the Existing Property Assets Decarbonisation
Authors: Morano Pierluigi , Tajani Francesco , Di Liddo Felicia , Amoruso Paola
Published: April 2024

In light of the growing demand for sustainability in the construction sector and real estate market, the European Community (EC) has recently begun incentivizing renovations of private and public European buildings. This aligns with the EC’s aim to reduce harmful emissions by 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, and to achieve complete decarbonization of buildings, i.e., zero harmful emissions in this sector, by 2050. Given this framework, this study aims to verify the financial viability associated with the construction of “green” buildings, as well as the associated monetary benefits related to the efficient nature of these buildings and the resulting reduction in energy consumption. Lastly, an investigation is conducted to determine the economic feasibility of energy retrofit initiatives on existing building assets by comparing the required costs to retrofit against the potential increase in market value of a retrofitted residential unit. Along with assessing the undisputed environmental advantages for the community and all building users, this research aims to assess the financial and economic feasibility of sustainable construction initiatives, providing insight into how best to pursue the EC’s aims.
Latinx Science Students’ Sense of Belonging in Rural Wisconsin
Authors: Robinson Patrick , Baeza Cynthia , Gonzalez-Quizhpe Luis , Robinson Abigail , Roman Diego , Ward Katherine
Published: April 2024

This study explores the sense of belonging of rural middle and high school Latinx science students in Wisconsin. Between 2000 and 2015, the Latinx population was the fastest growing ethnic group in Wisconsin and increased by 95%. Yet, little is known about the experiences of these students in rural schools or their engagement in science learning. Our research contributes to addressing this knowledge gap and provides insights into Latinx student experiences relative to the science classroom and community. Our findings indicate that a primary determinant of Latinx science students’ positive sense of belonging is a positive relationship with their teachers.
Mixed methods evaluation of nutrition education for limited resource audiences
Authors: Skalka Amanda , Francis Sarah , Genschel Ulrike , Litchfield Ruth
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an exploratory evaluation of pilot nutrition education programs, Plan Shop Save Cook (PSSC). Behavior change between two nutrition education programs, Buy Eat Live Healthy (BELH; n=92 and PSSC; n=42), was examined using pre- and post-program questionnaire responses. Both programs resulted in significant improvement in food resource management (FRM) behaviors; however, there was no significant difference in the amount of change between the programs. Qualitative data suggests participants perceived label reading as the most useful information provided in the PSSC programs. The current findings suggest short-term behavior change can be achieved with a limited dose program.
Leveraging 4-H to Address Emergent Health Needs during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Epidemiology Pilot Project
Authors: Iaccopucci Anne Marie , Horowitz Marcel , Espinoza Dornia , Nayak Roshan
Published: April 2024

4-H academics responded to the Covid pandemic by rapidly adapting CDC and other resources for virtual delivery. A statewide epidemiology project was taught to 48 youth with the goal of minimizing fears and confusion, increasing prevention measures, leveraging current topics for education, and bolstering the social-emotional health of youth participants. Results indicated that youth enjoyed the project and adopted behaviors to reduce the spread of infectious diseases, such as increased mask-wearing.
An Instrument to Evaluate 4-H Cloverbud STEM Programming
Authors: Harman Alisha , Peterson Donna , Morgan Mariah , Solace Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Evaluation data is needed to demonstrate the impact of 4-H science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programming on children and youth. However, collecting evaluation data from cloverbuds (ages 5-7) is particularly challenging given their developmental age. We adapted an observational Cloverbud evaluation tool to measure basic life skills, essential elements of positive youth development experiences, and, unique to this tool, STEM specific experiences. We developed the STEM items using educational science standards allowing Extension to document STEM in addition to youth development outcomes. Doing so, may increase the adoption of 4-H STEM programming by teachers in the school setting.
NSAIDS versus electro-acupuncture in management of low back pain in patients with lumbar spondylosis: a comparative cohort study
Authors: Le Ho Bao Chau , Tran Nguyen Trong Phu , Nguyen Thi Xuan Huynh
Published: April 2024

Background: Low back pain in lumbar spondylosis remains one of the most prevalent conditions, imposing a significant socio-economical burden.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of low back pain treatment between NSAIDS and electro-acupuncture combined with infrared light (TCM) in patients with lumbar spondylosis.

Materials and methods: We conducted a non-randomized prospective cohort study on lumbar spondylosis patients who had low back pain treated with either methods: NSAIDS or electro-acupuncture combined with infrared light therapy.

Results: 75 patients were included, with a mean age of 53.39 ± 10.61 years. After 8 weeks of treatment, VAS scores decreased significantly from 7.5 ± 0.6 to 2.85 ± 0.4, p-value < 0.05 in NSAIDS group and from 5.8 ± 0.9 to 2.7 ± 0.6, p-value < 0.05 in TCM group. Schober index significantly increased over time (NSAIDS group from 10.36 ± 0.5 to 13.48 ± 0.7, TCM group from 10.88±0,8 to 13.61 ± 0.7, both with p-values < 0.05), whereas ODI score in both groups decreased (NSAIDS group from 37.4 ± 5.5 to 22.2 ± 5.5, TCM group from 28.68 ± 5.4 to 15.13 ± 6.4, with p-values < 0.05). The magnitude of improvement in VAS scores, Schober index, and ODI scores were more profound in NSAIDS group, with p-values < 0.05. Side effect associated with TCM treatment was seen in 8% of cases with pain at acupunture sites. Meanwhile in NSAIDS group, dyspepsia and flatulence were fairly common, at 24%.

Conclusions: The use of NSAIDs in the management of low back pain in lumbar spondylosis patients is associated with better outcomes compared to TCM, with a trade-off for a higher risk of treatment-related side effects.

Key words: NSAIDS, electro-acupuncture, infrared light, low back pain, lumbar spondylosis
The performance of osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA) in assessing the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women aged 45 years and older
Authors: Tran Hoang Hoa Nhien , Nguyen Hoang Thanh Van , Le Thi Hong Van , Truong Huu Hung
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Application of the OSTA (Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians) in assessing the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women aged 45 years and older; Evaluation of the relationship between OSTA and bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 430 postmenopausal women aged 45 years and older who were treated at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from 9/2021 to 6/2022. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Diagnosis and classification of osteoporosis are based on the T-score (WHO 1994). Calculating the OSTA according to the formula: OSTA = 0.2 x [weight (kg) - age (years)].

Results: The average OSTA value is -2.97 ± 3.35, the minimum value is -12.8, and the maximum value is 7.0. Osteoporosis risk ratios according to the OSTA (using cut-offs 0 and -3) were: high risk (46.1%), moderate risk (35.3%), and low risk (18.6%). The predictive value of osteoporosis risk of the OSTA was ranked as good with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.823 (p < 0.001). At cut-off -3, the OSTA has a sensitivity of 70.3%, and a specificity of 78.4%. At cut-off 0, the OSTA has a sensitivity of 96.8%, and a specificity of 33.1%. The prevalence of osteoporosis in the high-, intermediate- and low-risk groups (using cut-offs 0 and -3) was 69.2%, 28.3%, and 6.3%, respectively.

Conclusion: OSTA can be used as a simple and convenient tool for self-assessment or screening for osteoporosis risk.

Key words: OSTA, osteoporosis, post-menopause.
Evaluating of the effect of low-level laser therapy on wound healing in rabbits
Authors: Nguyen Thi Bich Phuong , Nguyen Ngoc Tuan , Dinh Van Han , Nguyen Nhu Lam , Nguyen Thi Huong , Le Thi Hong Hanh , Tran Quoc Tien , Tong Quang Cong
Published: April 2024

Background: A large number of studies have demonstrated the wound-healing effects of LLLT in vitro, in animal models, and in clinical practice. However, there are also differences in the study results, which are dose and wavelength dependent of LLLT.

Objective: Evaluation of the wound healing process in experimental animals treated with low- level laser therapy in clinical and histopathology.

Subjects and Methods: Prospective study on 30 rabbits, each rabbit created two full thickness of 2R = 4 cm wounds on both sides of the back: wound A (treated with LLLT, 780 nm, 3 J/cm2 with 72 s irradiation time, 1 time per day), wound B (control: no laser). Wounds are bandaged and laser irradiated once a day according to the procedure until the lesion is completely epithelialized. Wound biopsy was taken at: before treatment (D0), after 7 days (D7), after 14 days (D14) of treatment. Monitor and evaluate progress at the local wound.

Results: The area and speed of wound narrowing on the side of the laser site narrowed faster than the control side (p < 0.05). The results of rabbit skin histopathology showed that the number of inflammatory cells on the laser side decreased significantly compared with the non-laser side (p(D14) < 0.05), while the number of neovascular and fibroblasts increased rapidly on the LLLT side when compared with the control side (p(D7) < 0.05).

Conclusions: LLLT (780 nm, dose 3J/cm2) increased wound healing in experimental rabbit model. LLLT promotes wound narrowing, reduces inflammation, stimulates angiogenesis, and increases collagen synthesis fibroblasts.

Key words: low-level laser therapy, wound healing, experimental animals, histopathology.
Assessment of the dental fear and anxiety in patients admitted to the Dental Clinic of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy Duong , Le Thi Tai , Nguyen Dinh Hoa
Published: April 2024

Background: Fear and anxiety in dentistry are among the factors that hinder access to dental care. This study aimed to assess the level of fear and anxiety regarding dental treatments and related factors.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 300 patients aged ≥ 18 years who visited the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital for 5 months (12/2022 to 04/2023), The levels of dental fear and anxiety were assessed using DFS and MDAS. The relationship between dental fear and anxiety and the analyzed factors was examined using a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results: Of the total sample, 52% had dentophobia, and 51.7% had dental anxiety. The incidence of dental fear and anxiety was higher in females compared to males, in individuals with a history of painful dental treatment than in comfortable ones, and individuals with irregular dental check-ups than in regular ones. Dental fear was also higher among single individuals.

Conclusions: Fear and anxiety related to dental treatment were widespread among adult patients. Gender, marital status, treatment history, and frequency of dental visits were associated with dental fear and anxiety.

Key words: dental fear, dental anxiety, related factors, multivariate logistic regression model.
Medication adherence and related psychosocial and clinical factors among schizophrenic patients: a cross - sectional analytical study in National Psychiatric Hospital 2, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Nhu Minh Hang , Nguyen Van Thinh , Nguyen Ngoc Quang Linh
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder. Treatment by antipsychotic medication is one of the main therapies to control the symptoms. Medication non/poor adherence is a one of the key factors leading to relapse and declined social and occupational function in patients. However, prevalence of schizophrenic patients with non/poor adherence to medication was quite high in previous studies. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of medication non/poor adherence and its related psychosocial and clinical factors among schizophrenic patients.

Subjects and Method: a cross - sectional analytical study of 126 schizophrenic patients at National Psychiatric Hospital 2 were conducted to evaluate the rate of medication non-adherence by Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8 item (MMAS - 8). Data were collected on patients’ sociodemographic factors such as sex, age, marital and economic status, level of education and clinical factors including duration of schizophrenia, clinical symptoms evaluated by Positive and Negative syndrome scale (PANSS), type, and side effects of medication. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with medication non-adherence among schizophrenic patients.

Results: Rate of poor medication adherence among participants was 78.57% by using MMAS – 8. The associated factors with poor medication adherence among schizophrenic patients were level of education under high school; unstable job/unemployment; poor insight about schizophrenia, poor family care/support, high scores of negative PANSS and general PANSS scale, duration of schizophrenia above 5 years, treated by typical antipsychotics and having more than two side effects of antipsychotics.

Conclusion: The rate of poor medication adherence/ non - adherence among schizophrenic patients is high. Mental health staff should be aware of this risk and screening individuals for relevant risk factors is highly recommended

Key words: medication adherence, schizophrenia, social - psycho - clinical factors.
Ultrasound features and role of O-RADS classification in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors
Authors: Nguyen Thi Trang , Tran Van Bao , Dang Cong Thuan
Published: April 2024

Background: Ovarian tumors are a common condition in women, with 5% - 30% cases being malignant. Clinical symptoms are often nonspecific, causing difficulties in early diagnosis and detection. The O-RADS classification system provides a consistent way to interpret ovarian masses on ultrasound.

Aim: The aim of this study is to (1) Describe the ultrasound characteristics of ovarian tumors according to the O-RADS classification. (2) Investigate the signs predicting malignancy in the O-RADS 3, 4, and 5 categories.

Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study involved 188 patients who were examined and treated at the Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, diagnosed with ovarian tumors, from April 2022 to September 2023.

Results: 88.8% of ovarian tumors were found to be benign (88.8%), with serous tumors being the most common type in both benign and malignant groups. The distribution of ovarian tumors based on the O-RADS classification was as follows: O-RADS 1 (1.6%), O-RADS 2 (52.1%), O-RADS 3 (22.9%), O-RADS 4 (17.6%), O-RADS 5 (5.9%). Most ovarian tumors were monocystic masses, without solid components (65.4%), with diameters ranging from 50 - 100 mm (58.0%), and had smooth inner borders (79.3%). Papillary growth in inner borders and increased vascularity in Doppler ultrasound (color score: CS = 2 - 4) were found to be predictive factors for malignant ovarian tumors, with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of 8.5 and 5.5, respectively.

Conclusions: Monocystic mass with solid components, multicystic mass with solid components, mass with solid components, irregular inner borders, papillary growth in inner borders, and increased vascularity in Doppler ultrasound (CS = 2 - 4) were identified as predictive factors for malignant ovarian tumors.

Key words: ovary tumors, O-RADS classification, ultrasound
A Descriptive Analysis and Classification of Drama Techniques for Language Teaching
Authors: Başaran Süleyman
Published: April 2024

This study offers a descriptive analysis and classification of drama techniques that can be used in foreign language teaching. The aim is to provide language teachers and practitioners with accessible techniques that can be easily utilized in major stages and skills of the language teaching process as needed. The method of the study includes descriptive analysis and classification, resulting in the identification of five major categories of drama techniques. These include introduction and warm-up techniques, awareness-raising techniques, self-confidence and motivation techniques, techniques for speaking and listening skills, and techniques for reading and writing skills. For each category, several techniques were selected and described as examples. It is hoped that this study will make these techniques more available to teachers and researchers, ultimately improving language teaching practices. Since there seems to be no study in the literature on the classification of drama techniques in terms of language teaching, we hope that this study will fill an important gap.
Approaches to Creative Communication Skills Development of School Administrators in Schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
Authors: Phaenpha Chayanit , Piatanom Patumphorn
Published: April 2024

This mixed methods research was applied and divided into two phases. Phase one: was to study the creative communication skills of school administrators according to the perspective of teachers in the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA). Multi-stage random sampling was used to select teachers from the BMA as participants in this research. The research instrument for phase one was a five-point Likert scale, consisting of 50 items, validating content with a range of 0.80 to 1.00, discriminant power between 0.30 to 0.80, and reliability of 0.986. Statistical analyses included mean, standard deviation, and the modified priority needs index (PNImodified). Phase two: focused on qualitative research to identify approaches to creative communication skills development of school administrators in schools under the BMA. The participant has three groups comprising seven individuals: academic experts in educational management at the directorial level or equivalent, representatives from the education department, and educational counselors affiliated with the BMA. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. The research employed a semi-structured interview as the instrument and conducted content analysis. The results of the research found that: 1) the degree of success, and importance of state requirements for creative communication skills of school administrators under the BMA were at high and highest levels respectively. The most crucial priority needs were encouragement, followed by active listening, fostering positive relationships, and reflective thinking, in that order; and 2) approaches for developing creative communication skills of school administrators under the BMA including engagement, approachability, optimism, and reinforcement, the EAOR model.