bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life, Disability, Well-Being, and Coping Strategies in Patients Undergoing Neurosurgical Procedures: Preoperative Results in an Italian Sample
Authors: Schiavolin Silvia , Quintas Rui , Pagani Marco , Brock Stefano , Acerbi Francesco , Visintini Sergio , Cusin Alberto , Schiariti Marco , Broggi Morgan , Ferroli Paolo , Leonardi Matilde
Published: November 2014

Background. The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary results of QoL, well-being, disability, and coping strategies of patients before neurosurgical procedure.Methods. We analysed data on preoperative quality of life (EUROHIS-QoL), disability (WHODAS-II), well-being (PGWB-S), coping strategies (Brief COPE), and functional status (KPS score) of a sample of patients with brain tumours and cerebrovascular and spinal degenerative disease admitted to Neurological Institute Carlo Besta. Statistical analysis was performed to illustrate the distribution of sociodemographic and clinical data, to compare mean test scores to the respective normative samples, and to investigate the differences between diagnoses, the correlation between tests, and the predictive power of sociodemographic and clinical variables of QoL.Results. 198 patients were included in the study. PGWB-S and EUROHIS-QoL scores were significantly lower than normative population. Patients with spinal diseases reported higher scores in WHODAS-II compared with oncological and cerebrovascular groups. Finally sociodemographic and clinical variables were significant predictors of EUROHIS-QoL, in particular PGWB-S and WHODAS-II.Conclusion. Our preliminary results show that preoperatory period is critical and the evaluation of coping strategies, quality of life, disability, and well-being is useful to plan tailored intervention and for a better management of each patient.
Scaling-Stimulated Salivary Antioxidant Changes and Oral-Health Behavior in an Evaluation of Periodontal Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Yang Po-Sheng , Huang Wei-Chen , Chen Shyuan-Yow , Chen Chien-Hsun , Lee Chang-Yu , Lin Che-Tong , Huang Yung-Kai
Published: November 2014

Aim. Our goal was to investigate associations among scaling-stimulated changes in salivary antioxidants, oral-health-related behaviors and attitudes, and periodontal treatment outcomes.Materials and Methods. Thirty periodontitis patients with at least 6 pockets with pocket depths of >5 mm and more than 16 functional teeth were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: an abandoned group (AB group), a nonprogress outcome group (NP group), and an effective treatment group (ET group). Nonstimulated saliva was collected before and after scaling were received to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAOC).Results. Salivary SOD following scaling significantly increased from 83.09 to 194.30 U/g protein in patients who had irregular dental visit patterns (<1 visit per year). After scaling, the TAOC was significantly higher in patients who had regular dental visits than in patients who had irregular dental visits (3.52 versus 0.70 mmole/g protein,P<0.01). The scaling-stimulated increase in SOD was related to a higher severity of periodontitis in the NP group, while the scaling-stimulated increase in the TAOC was inversely related to the severity of periodontitis in the AB group.Conclusions. These results demonstrate the importance of scaling-stimulated salivary antioxidants as prognostic biomarkers of periodontal treatment.
Collateral Genome Instability by DNA Damage in Mitosis
Authors: Jelluma Nannette , Kops Geert J.P.L.
Published: November 2014

Summary: Chromosome segregation errors and DNA damage are in a vicious cycle in cancer cells. Bakhoum and colleagues show that the molecular response to damaged DNA during mitosis impairs the chromosome segregation machinery, adding a new level to the already dangerous relations between different kinds of genomic instability. Cancer Discov; 4(11); 1256–8. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by Bakhoum et al., p. 1281
Personality Disorders, Attachment and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Weinstein Lissa , Perez-Rodriguez M. Mercedes , Siever Larry
Published: November 2014

While attachment has been a fruitful and critical concept in understanding enduring individual templates for interpersonal relationships, it does not have a well-understood relationship to personality disorders, where impairment of interpersonal functioning is paramount. Despite the recognition that attachment disturbances do not simply reflect nonoptimal caretaking environments, the relationship of underlying temperamental factors to these environmental insults has not been fully explored. In this paper we provide an alternate model for the role of neurobiological temperamental factors, including brain circuitry and neuropeptide modulation, in mediating social cognition and the internalization and maintenance of attachment patterns. The implications of these altered attachment patterns on personality disorders and their neurobiological and environmental roots for psychoanalytically based treatment models designed to ameliorate difficulties in interpersonal functioning through the medium of increased access to mature forms of mentalization is discussed.
Demonstration of the Pericallosal Artery at 11-13 Weeks of Gestation Using 3D Ultrasound
Authors: Conturso Roberto , Contro Elena , Bellussi Federica , Youssef Aly , Pacella Giuseppina , Martelli Federica , Rizzo Nicola , Pilu Gianluigi , Ghi Tullio
Published: November 2014

Objective: To assess the sonographic visualization of the pericallosal arteries in normal fetuses at 11-13 weeks of gestation using 3D ultrasound. Methods: We prospectively enrolled women with a singleton pregnancy undergoing ultrasound at 11-13 weeks of gestation. A 3D volume with high-definition power Doppler was acquired starting from the sagittal view of the fetal head and stored in the spatiotemporal image correlation mode. The images of the pericallosal arteries were assigned a score of 0 (no visualization), 1 (visualization of the origin) or 2 (visualization of the whole course). A follow-up scan was performed in all cases at 20 weeks of gestation to assess the presence of the corpus callosum. Results: 70 patients were included and the pericallosal arteries were sonographically detectable in all cases. Image scores of 1 and 2 were obtained in 8 and 62 cases, respectively. The whole length of the vessel was between 3.5 and 4.5 mm. The vast majority of those with a score of 2 were beyond 12 completed weeks of gestation. All fetuses showed a normal corpus callosum at midtrimester and no abnormal brain findings after birth. Conclusions: The pericallosal arteries are sonographically visible since the first trimester in 3D ultrasound scans of fetuses found to have a normal corpus callosum at follow-up.
SPAK Dependent Regulation of Peptide Transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2
Authors: Warsi Jamshed , Dong Luo , Elvira Bernat , Salker Madhuri S. , Shumilina Ekaterina , Hosseinzadeh Zohreh , Lang Florian
Published: November 2014

Background/Aims: SPAK (STE20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) is a powerful regulator of renal tubular ion transport and blood pressure. Moreover, SPAK contributes to the regulation of cell volume. Little is known, however, about a role of SPAK in the regulation or organic solutes. The present study thus addressed the influence of SPAK on the peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. Methods: To this end, cRNA encoding PEPT1 or PEPT2 were injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes without or with additional injection of cRNA encoding wild-type, SPAK, WNK1 insensitive inactive T233ASPAK, constitutively active T233ESPAK, and catalytically inactive D212ASPAK. Electrogenic peptide (glycine-glycine) transport was determined by dual electrode voltage clamp and PEPT2 protein abundance in the cell membrane by chemiluminescence. Intestinal electrogenic peptide transport was estimated from peptide induced current in Ussing chamber experiments of jejunal segments isolated from gene targeted mice expressing SPAK resistant to WNK-dependent activation (spaktg/tg) and respective wild-type mice (spak+/+). Results: In PEPT1 and in PEPT2 expressing oocytes, but not in oocytes injected with water, the dipeptide gly-gly (2 mM) generated an inward current, which was significantly decreased following coexpression of SPAK. The effect of SPAK on PEPT1 was mimicked by T233ESPAK, but not by D212ASPAK or T233ASPAK. SPAK decreased maximal peptide induced current of PEPT1. Moreover, SPAK decreased carrier protein abundance in the cell membrane of PEPT2 expressing oocytes. In intestinal segments gly-gly generated a current, which was significantly higher in spaktg/tg than in spak+/+ mice. Conclusion: SPAK is a powerful regulator of peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.
The un Guidelines on the Use of Armed Guards
Authors: Krahmann Elke
Published: November 2014

In 2012, the United Nations approved new Guidelines on the Use of Armed Private Security Companies by its agencies, funds and programmes. The Guidelines hold the potential to not only enhance the quality of armed security services contracted by the un, but also raise professional standards within the military and security industry more generally by serving as a model for other consumers and companies. Nevertheless, a close reading of the Guidelines indicates that there is still room for improvements. Drawing on best practices identified by industry associations, major clients and academic research, this article makes six recommendations for revision. Specifically, the article contends that expanding the scope, content and enforcement of the Guidelines would contribute to strengthening the control over private security contractors.
Description of immatures and association with adults of three species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) of the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: RIBEIRO JOSÉ MOACIR FERREIRA , GORAYEB INOCÊNCIO DE SOUSA
Published: November 2014

Nymphs of three species of the genus Anacroneuria Klapálek, 1909, A. marlieri Froehlich, 2001; A. minuta Klapálek, 1922, and A. manauensis Ribeiro-Ferreira, 2001 are described. The associations of nymphs with adults were made by rearing. The known geographical distribution in Brazil of these three species was expanded.
Investigating the Local Atmospheric Response to a Realistic Shift in the Oyashio Sea Surface Temperature Front
Authors: Smirnov Dimitry , Newman Matthew , Alexander Michael A. , Kwon Young-Oh , Frankignoul Claude
Published: November 2014

The local atmospheric response to a realistic shift of the Oyashio Extension SST front in the western North Pacific is analyzed using a high-resolution (HR; 0.25°) version of the global Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5). A northward shift in the SST front causes an atmospheric response consisting of a weak surface wind anomaly but a strong vertical circulation extending throughout the troposphere. In the lower troposphere, most of the SST anomaly–induced diabatic heating is balanced by poleward transient eddy heat and moisture fluxes. Collectively, this response differs from the circulation suggested by linear dynamics, where extratropical SST forcing produces shallow anomalous heating balanced by strong equatorward cold air advection driven by an anomalous, stationary surface low to the east. This latter response, however, is obtained by repeating the same experiment except using a relatively low-resolution (LR; 1°) version of CAM5. Comparison to observations suggests that the HR response is closer to nature than the LR response. Strikingly, HR and LR experiments have almost identical vertical profiles of . However, diagnosis of the diabatic quasigeostrophic vertical pressure velocity (ω) budget reveals that HR has a substantially stronger response, which together with upper-level mean differential thermal advection balances stronger vertical motion. The results herein suggest that changes in transient eddy heat and moisture fluxes are critical to the overall local atmospheric response to Oyashio Front anomalies, which may consequently yield a stronger downstream response. These changes may require the high resolution to be fully reproduced, warranting further experiments of this type with other high-resolution atmosphere-only and fully coupled GCMs.
Impacts on Ocean Heat from Transient Mesoscale Eddies in a Hierarchy of Climate Models
Authors: Griffies Stephen M. , Winton Michael , Anderson Whit G. , Benson Rusty , Delworth Thomas L. , Dufour Carolina O. , Dunne John P. , Goddard Paul , Morrison Adele K. , Rosati Anthony , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Yin Jianjun , Zhang Rong
Published: November 2014

The authors characterize impacts on heat in the ocean climate system from transient ocean mesoscale eddies. Their tool is a suite of centennial-scale 1990 radiatively forced numerical climate simulations from three GFDL coupled models comprising the Climate Model, version 2.0–Ocean (CM2-O), model suite. CM2-O models differ in their ocean resolution: CM2.6 uses a 0.1° ocean grid, CM2.5 uses an intermediate grid with 0.25° spacing, and CM2-1deg uses a nominal 1.0° grid.

Analysis of the ocean heat budget reveals that mesoscale eddies act to transport heat upward in a manner that partially compensates (or offsets) for the downward heat transport from the time-mean currents. Stronger vertical eddy heat transport in CM2.6 relative to CM2.5 accounts for the significantly smaller temperature drift in CM2.6. The mesoscale eddy parameterization used in CM2-1deg also imparts an upward heat transport, yet it differs systematically from that found in CM2.6. This analysis points to the fundamental role that ocean mesoscale features play in transient ocean heat uptake. In general, the more accurate simulation found in CM2.6 provides an argument for either including a rich representation of the ocean mesoscale in model simulations of the mean and transient climate or for employing parameterizations that faithfully reflect the role of eddies in both lateral and vertical heat transport.
Kennedy, the Early Sixties, and Visitation by the Angel of Death
Authors: O’Toole D. , Chase C. C. L. , Miller M. M. , Campen H. Van
Published: November 2014

The inaugural issue of Pathologia Veterinaria in 1964 contained the first detailed account of lesions in aborted fetuses following natural, experimental, and postvaccinal infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). The article, written by pathologists Kennedy and Richards, described diagnostic gross and histologic features in 13 bovine fetuses. The authors provided clinical and epidemiologic features of 1 postvaccination outbreak, including the absence of clinical signs in infected dams and the propensity for abortions to occur after 6 months’ gestation. Subsequent field and experimental studies corroborated and expanded these observations. As a result of this and later reports, veterinarians became alert to the association between infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and abortion, including the risks of exposing pregnant cattle to live vaccinal BoHV-1. Methods were developed to corroborate a morphologic diagnosis of herpetic abortion in cattle, including immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction methods. Outbreaks of postvaccinal BoHV-1 abortion in the United States began to be reported with apparently increased frequency in the early 2000s. This coincided with licensure in 2003 of modified live BoHV-1 vaccines intended for use in pregnant cattle, which are now sold by 3 manufacturers. Ten recent herd episodes of postvaccinal BoHV-1 abortion are reported. All 10 BoHV-1 isolates had single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) profiles previously identified in a group of BoHV-1 isolates that contains vaccine strains, based on a BoHV-1 SNP classification system. They lacked SNP features typical of those in characterized field-type strains of BoHV-1.
Understanding Boundary Representations in the Copper-plate Charters of Early Kāmarūpa
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra
Published: November 2014

Taking cue from B.D. Chatopadhyaya’s seminal study on boundary markers to understand the spatial characteristics of rural settlements, a study on the boundary representations of copper-plate charters issued by three dynasties of Assam was undertaken. A close reading of the charters indicates that there was a significant variation in the pattern of delineating the boundaries. While limited boundary specifications could be seen in the copperplates of the Varmans, the Śālasthambhas initially set a pattern of describing eight boundaries of their donated lands by categorically mentioning the number eight but gradually this was overlooked. The Pālas of Kāmarūpa, on the other hand, were inclined to give much more detailed boundary specifications in their charters. These boundary denominations may be seen as an attempt by the state at gradually organising the donated lands in such a way that there remained no chance for encroachment of any other plot by the donee. The essay would also highlight the dominance of different types of water bodies in the physical landscape of Kāmarūpa thereby adhering to the consistent trend of regarding surface sources of water as landmarks isolating one rural space from another. An idea of the composition of the rural society could also be gleaned from the boundary representations of these charters. The elaborate markers help us to somewhat reconstruct the landscape of the rural settlements described in the charters and show how the boundary markers of the area can indicate a wide social cross section of people inhabiting a particular space.
The Vākāṭaka Vindhyaśakti
Authors: Nath Amarendra
Published: November 2014

The excavations at Adam (21°00′N and 79°27′E), Taluka Kuhi, District Nagpur, Maharashtra, have yielded the largest number of lead and copper coins of Vindhyaśakti issued initially in the capacity of Mahāsenāpati and later Mahārathi. Together with this numismatic data, the site has reported a sizable number of clay-sealings issued in his position as Mahārathi. Contemporaneous to these finds there occur a few clay sealings of Chand Srī or Chand Sāti (c. 209–219 CE) who got them issued in the capacity of a Yuvarāja (heir apparent) understandably prior to his coming to throne as later Sātavāhana ruler in c. 209 CE. The above data disclose a sequence of events of reasonable historical consequences and in sequel provides an opportunity in determining the historicity of Gautamīputra Vindhyaśakti who was none other than the founder of the Vākāṭaka dynasty as suggested earlier. Puranic and epigraphic evidence corroborates above postulation.
Improving schools in poor areas: It’s not about the organisation, structures and privatisation, stupid!
Authors: Smyth John
Published: November 2014

In this article, the author presents a review of his extended research engagement with disadvantaged young people and their education. He challenges the dominant neoliberal model of school reform based on business values and the ‘managerial school’ as alien to educational values. He introduces various stages of research he and his colleagues have undertaken over the past two decades, showing the importance of an authentic engagement with young people’s lives, the characteristics of schools which reach out to disadvantaged students and the importance of transformative pedagogy and community involvement.
Moroccan mothers’ involvement in dialogic literary gatherings in a Catalan urban primary school: Increasing educative interactions and improving learning
Authors: de Botton Lena , Girbés Sandra , Ruiz Laura , Tellado Itxaso
Published: November 2014

This article analyses a case study on Moroccan mothers’ involvement in the Dialogic Literary Gathering (DLG) in an urban primary school in Catalonia (Spain). DLG is a dialogic learning environment that improves reading skills and communicative abilities and promotes school–community links. This activity has been identified in previous European Union (EU)–funded large scale research, the INCLUD-ED project, as a successful educational action. Children’s results in standardised tests reported a significant improvement in communicative skills over the academic year. The case study highlights evidences on how this action contributed to transform family interactions at home. Discussions about classic works of literature were transferred to the child–parent interactions and were part of their daily lives. According to the data analysed, this experience affected mothers’ and children’s motivation to read and helped migrant mothers to improve the language acquisition of the host country. Mothers confirmed becoming more able to understand the schoolwork of their children and they felt more confident to help them with their homework.
Ghosts from the past: Exploring community cultures and school cultures in relation to poverty
Authors: Ivinson Gabrielle
Published: November 2014

This article explores poverty from the perspective of the intergenerational transmission. That is, it suggests that communities, and specifically a post-industrial community in South Wales, had developed coping strategies to manage the precarious character of employment associated with the mining and steel industries. These post-industrial communities are now marked by poverty. Part of the way schools are currently adapting to changes in the economic base is to offer more vocationally oriented courses especially in the upper school. This article asks whether this kind of provision is enough for young people in post-industrial communities. To understand achievement in education, it is becoming increasingly important to recognise the cultural values that young people inherit from the industrial past and how these still act as survival strategies today.
The Stability Properties of Goodwin’s Growth Cycle Model with a Variable Elasticity of Substitution Production Function
Authors: Rodousakis Nikolaos
Published: November 2014

This article investigates the stability properties of the well-known Goodwin’s growth cycle model, when a production function with variable elasticity of substitution is considered. It is found that the latter amounts to the introduction of a dampening effect; hence, the equilibrium becomes locally asymptotically stable. However, if we assume endogenous labour productivity growth, this is not the only possible solution; the model can exhibit converging or diverging oscillations as well as closed concentric trajectories depending on the assumed opposite effects of ‘elasticity of (factor) substitution’ and ‘endogenous labour productivity growth’.
Transferable Utility in the Case of Many Private and Many Public Goods
Authors: Gugl Elisabeth
Published: November 2014

It is possible to have income effects on more than one good in utility profiles that lead to Transferable Utility (TU) and in the presence of many private and many public goods. Assuming that the utility functions are of the Generalized Quasi-linear (GQL) form is not necessary for TU to hold. I present a much broader class of utility profiles generating TU in which GQL emerges as a special case.
Microstructure and nanoindentation behaviour of Ni surface modified Ti6Al4V
Authors: Yang H. , Wang Z. , Zhang H. , Ma Y. , Liu X. , He Z.
Published: November 2014

The Ni modified layers were prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V substrate by plasma surface alloying technique. The surface and cross-section morphology, composition distribution and phase structure of the modified layers were analysed. Nanoindentation tests were performed not only on the surface and cross-section of the Ni modified Ti6Al4V but also on the substrates of the treated and untreated Ti6Al4V plates. The residual indentation profiles of the Ni modified layers were also investigated. The results show that the Ni modified layers were uniform and compact. The Ni modified layers consisted of an outer Ni deposition layer, a middle Ni rich layer and an inner Ni poor layer. The concentration of Ni gradually decreased from the surface to interior. The maximum content of Ni atoms was nearly 95%. The Ni modified layers were composed of TiNi, Ti2Ni, Ni3Ti, Al3Ni intermetallic compounds and pure Ni as well as Ti phases. Comparing to the untreated Ti6Al4V, the Ni rich layer and Ni poor layer had higher hardness, elastic modulus and remained relatively fine plasticity. The strengthened mechanism of the Ni modified Ti6Al4V was discussed in this paper.
Capacitance effect on the oscillation and switching characteristics of spin torque oscillators
Authors: Zeng Tui , Zhou Yan , Leung Chi Wah , Lai Peter PT , Pong Philip WT
Published: November 2014

We have studied the capacitance effect on the oscillation characteristics and the switching characteristics of the spin torque oscillators (STOs). We found that when the external field is applied, the STO oscillation frequency exhibits various dependences on the capacitance for injected current ranging from 8 to 20 mA. The switching characteristic is featured with the emerging of the canted region; the canted region increases with the capacitance. When the external field is absent, the STO free-layer switching time exhibits different dependences on the capacitance for different injected current. These results help to establish the foundation for capacitance-involved STO modeling.
miR-200c Inhibits invasion, migration and proliferation of bladder cancer cells through down-regulation of BMI-1 and E2F3
Authors: Liu Lei , Qiu Mingning , Tan Guobin , Liang Ziji , Qin Yue , Chen Lieqian , Chen Hege , Liu Jianjun
Published: November 2014

Background

MicroRNA-200c (miR-200c) is one of the short noncoding RNAs that play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. It also acts as considerable modulator in the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cell development regulating process that affects tumor development and metastasis. However, the role of miR-200c in bladder cancer cells and its mechanism has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential role of miR-200c in regulating EMT and how it contributed to bladder cancer cells in invasion, migration and proliferation.

Methods

Real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to identify and validate the differential expression of MiR-200c involved in EMT in 4 bladder cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. A list of potential miR-200 direct targets was identified through the TargetScan database. The precursor of miR-200c was over-expressed in UMUC-3 and T24 cells using a lentivirus construct, respectively. Protein expression and signaling pathway modulation were validated through Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy, whereas BMI-1 and E2F3, direct target of miR-200c, were validated by using the wild-type and mutant 3’-untranslated region BMI-1/E2F3 luciferase reporters.

Results

We demonstrate that MiR-200c is down-regulated in bladder cancer specimens compared with adjacent ones in the same patient. Luciferase assays showed that the direct down-regulation of BMI-1 and E2F3 were miR-200c-dependent because mutations in the two putative miR-200c-binding sites have rescued the inhibitory effect. Over-expression of miR-200c in bladder cancer cells resulted in significantly decreased the capacities of cell invasion, migration and proliferation. miR-200c over-expression resulted in conspicuous down-regulation of BMI-1and E2F3 expression and in a concomitant increase in E-cadherin levels.

Conclusions

miR-200c appears to control the EMT process through BMI-1 in bladder cancer cells, and it inhibits their proliferation through down-regulating E2F3. The targets of miR-200c include BMI-1 and E2F3, which are a novel regulator of EMT and a regulator of proliferation, respectively.
Sepsis-related deaths in Brazil: an analysis of the national mortality registry from 2002 to 2010
Authors: Taniguchi Leandro U , Bierrenbach Ana Luiza , Toscano Cristiana M , Schettino Guilherme PP , Azevedo Luciano CP
Published: November 2014

Introduction

Limited population-based epidemiologic information about sepsis’ demography, including its mortality and temporal changes is available from developing countries. We investigated the epidemiology of sepsis deaths in Brazil using secondary data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System.

Methods

Retrospective descriptive analysis of Brazilian multiple-cause-of-death data between 2002 and 2010, with sepsis-associated International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code indicated as the cause of death. Population-based sepsis associated mortality rates and trends were estimated. Annual population-based mortality rates were calculated using age-stratified population estimates from the 2010 census provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics as denominators.

Results

The total number of annual deaths recorded in Brazil increased over the decade, from 982,294 deaths reported in 2002 to 1,133,761 deaths reported in 2010. The number of sepsis associated deaths also increased both in absolute numbers and proportions from 95,972 (9.77% of total deaths) in 2002 to 186,712 deaths (16.46%) in 2010. The age-adjusted rate of sepsis-associated mortality increased from 69.5 deaths per 100,000 to 97.8 deaths per 100,000 population from 2002 to 2010 (P <0.001). Sepsis-associated mortality was higher in individuals older than 60 years of age as compared to subjects aged 0 to 20 years (adjusted rate ratio 15.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.6 to 15.8)) and in male subjects (1.15 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.16)).

Conclusions

Between 2002 and 2010 the contribution of sepsis to all cause mortality as reported in multiple-cause-of-death forms increased significantly in Brazil. Age-adjusted mortality rates by sepsis also increased in the last decade. Our results confirm the importance of sepsis as a significant healthcare issue in Brazil.
Surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism in Canada
Authors: Williams Blair A , Trites Jonathan RB , Taylor S Mark , Bullock Martin J , Hart Robert D
Published: November 2014

Primary hyperparathyroisim is a relatively common condition, for which the standard treatment is surgical excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands. Primary hyperparathyroidism can be due to a single adenoma or multiple gland hyperplasia. In recent decades localizing imaging has improved and there has been a shift away from multiple gland exploration toward a single gland excision. There are, however, no practice guidelines regarding an optimal approach to this condition. This study shows that there is a high degree of variation in practices across Canada and a large amount of uncertainty in the approach to primary hyperparathyroidism.
Crossing the Rubicon? Legal developments in assisted suicide
Authors: Welsh Susan F.
Published: November 2014

UK law on assisted suicide and euthanasia is very clear: it is unlawful. However, there have been successive proposals for changes to legislation in this area (in England and Scotland) and a series of individual challenges to current legislation in the courts. This article does not seek to debate the profound ethical arguments that surround this emotive subject, but instead to portray how the law, through court judgment and legislative proposals, has wrestled with opposing views, particularly over the past decade or so, as the impact of the Human Rights Act has presented unique challenges. Some of our closest European neighbours have diverse legislation that could influence our own legislature, and, from across the Atlantic, the Oregon Death with Dignity Act is being mirrored in proposals to change the law in the UK.

Learning Objectives

•

Be able to recognise the impact of the Human Rights Act on challenges to legislation relating to assisted suicide.

•

Understand proposals for statute.

•

Appreciate how certain other countries legislate in this area.
Balancing risk requires a balanced approach: Commentary on… severe and enduring eating disorders: recognition and management
Authors: Jones William Rhys , Morgan John F.
Published: November 2014

Paul Robinson's article provides an excellent summary of some of the challenges faced by clinicians working with patients with severe and enduring eating disorders (SEED) and outlines a robust approach to the recognition and management of this complex group of patients. This commentary expands on some of the points raised, adds some further views and suggests a tailored approach to establishing a therapeutic alliance with patients and carers.
MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN TERMS OF ITS REGIONAL LOCALIZATION IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Kotulič Rastislav , Adamišin Peter , Kravčáková Vozárová Ivana
Published: November 2014

The phenomenon of globalization had resulted in strengthening of the international capital movement in the 1990s, which led to an intensive retraction of small and open economies into the globalization process.  The foreign direct investment (FDI) has since gained its importance, especially in the area of local and regional development.  Its positive impact is reflected at the local, as well as at the national level.  FDI is the means of ensuring technology transfer, increasing employment, as well as improving the quality of the workforce.The aim of this article is to assess the stock of foreign direct investment and its localization in the Slovak regions at NUTS III level.  From the content perspective, the article analyzes the economic development of the Slovak region by region, based on the stock of FDI, by using models from neoclassical theory of regional development for the period from 1999 to 2009.  We assumed that the different regional stock of foreign direct investment would have a significant impact on the economic differentiation of the regions in the Slovak Republic.  This analysis confirmed our assumption.
CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND CONSUMER ASSOCIATIONS WITH SLOVAK BRANDS
Authors: Vilčeková Lucia
Published: November 2014

This paper describes the perception of Slovak consumers toward domestic and foreign brands and examines their associations with Slovak brands. The introduction to country of origin in marketing is provided, followed by a brief description of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity; then description of research methodology is mentioned; and finally, research results are presented.The representative research was conducted in 2013 over a sample of 1,067 Slovak consumers over the age of 16.  To capture the spontaneous reactions to Slovak brands, the respondents were asked to name what comes to their mind when they hear the expression “Slovak brand.”  Slovak consumers associate domestic brands with quality, tradition, fair prices, and Slovakia. Their primary feelings toward Slovak brands are mostly positive. If they have negative perception, that is only because domestic products are not often available in stores and there is a lack of Slovak brands. Moreover, the consumers were presented with a list of 27 statements concerning their attitude toward domestic and foreign brands and their brand buying behavior.  Based on the research results, Slovak consumers can be observed as very brand-oriented and often possess a strong brand loyalty when making purchasing decisions. Slovak consumers are not necessarily patriotic as far as purchasing is concerned. The main reason for buying Slovak products is only to support the economy and the Slovak consumers are very aware of the benefits of supporting domestic production. Nevertheless, consumer ethnocentrism is not typical for Slovaks.
ROMANIAN ACHIEVEMENTS IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Authors: Stoicescu Maria , Ionescu Eugen Mihail
Published: November 2014

Petroleum has been and still remains, in equal measure, a friend and an enemy to humanity: a friend for its use in numerous applications over the years, from the lubrication of cart axles to jet fuel; an enemy for creating permanent conflicts between countries, leading to a global conflagration. This layout has perpetuated for over two millennia, until today.The problem of petroleum has a multitude of aspects: economic, political, financial, social, military, legislative and, last but not least, scientific and technical. It has taken a share of sacrifices, which may not be overlooked, to be rightfully called “black gold.” Subject to continuous development, petroleum is still indispensable to our quotidian life, although attempts have been made to replace it with alternative energy sources due to its negative effects on the planet, which are increasingly visible.The present state of petroleum industry is the result of a continuous labor of many generations of researchers, professors, engineers, technicians, foremen, and workers, especially from petroleum producing countries.  Romania is one of the first petroleum producers and ranked first in Europe and among the first nations worldwide until the end of the 19th century.  During the 20th century, a large number of oil and gas reservoirs were discovered in many countries on all continents; even today Romania still remains an important producer with encouraging perspectives.Romanian contributions to the progress of petroleum industry are noticeable, being appreciated and implemented by the major companies worldwide.  This work intends to present just several of these contributions, some of which are highlighted and highly regarded.
TRANSITIONAL PARADIGM AS AN EXPLANATION FOR THE DEMOCRATIZATION PROCESSES
Authors: Sqapi Gerti
Published: November 2014

Over the last quarter of the century, the transitional paradigm (or the approach of the transition) has been a dominant paradigm that has greatly influenced different studies on democratization. The purpose of this paper, in a general perspective, is to conduct an analysis of the transitional paradigm, assumptions, key concepts, and hypotheses developed thereof, in order to evaluate the validity or at least be able to understand and explain the processes of democratization wave that affected third world countries.  Development of literature and studies within the conceptual framework of this paradigm was mainly conducted during the period of what is known as “the third wave of democratization.” Explanation and direction of change from autocratic to democratic regimes, evident in those countries affected by the third wave, were the main claim of the transition approach.  This paper attempts to investigate the validity of the conceptual framework of this approach with respect to the interpretation (and change of directions) of the democratization processes in these countries.
DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL METHODS IN HETEROGENIOUS GROUPS OF ADULT LEARNERS IN FURTHER EDUCATION AS A TOOL TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION
Authors: Zarudnaya Maria Vladimirovna , Barsova Oksana Ivanovna
Published: November 2014

The educational system in the Russia provides opportunities for life-long learning, which presupposes availability of studying foreign languages at every stage, including further education (MBA and Presidential Program). Although adult learners realize the importance and necessity of mastering a foreign language, they might lack motivation due to a number of factors, such as different sociocultural backgrounds, social status, lifestyle, and knowledge of the foreign language. We have conducted research in order to analyze existing problems and develop a system of tasks to control and assess progress in a foreign language (English) proficiency in heterogeneous groups of adult learners. The developed approach to designing assessment materials is aimed not only at controlling students’ progress, but also at increasing their motivation.
REGULATION OF THE ASYMMETRY IN SPATIAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Authors: Imashev Eduard
Published: November 2014

Based on the research results, the scientific work indicates economic trends and issues in the territorial organization of the economy and population of West Kazakhstan region. Analysis of the spatial development in the economic sphere has shown that there is a territorial localization of the productive forces in the north of West Kazakhstan region. The typology of the West Kazakhstan administrative districts was formed according to their level and pace of socioeconomic and environmental development, from 1997 to 2011, on the basis of rank-scoring methodology. The results of this work demonstrate that the Northern administrative districts of West Kazakhstan region have a relatively high or an average level of social and economic development.  A low level of social and economic development characterizes the administrative districts located to the south, west, southwest and southeast of West Kazakhstan region. These spatial differences reveal the current asymmetry in the level of social and economic development of the administrative districts, which determined the need for detecting major priorities in regulation of spatial social and economic development of the region.  Thus, we propose the basic priorities for the spatial regulation of social and economic development of West Kazakhstan region within the framework of an effective intra-regional policy.  The research results can be used by local government agencies to develop a regional management program for spatial social and economic development of West Kazakhstan region.
VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDA INFECTION PREVALENCE IN TASHKENT
Authors: Ziyadullaev Uktam
Published: November 2014

Background: The information on the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis does not always reflect real situation regarding this disease, since the frequency of patients’ self- treatment remains high, as evidenced by the results of the studies based on anonymous surveys. The prevalence of this disease is growing steadily both in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in the world.  Accumulated problems have provided grounds to conduct the research on the prevalence of Candida vulvovaginitis in the juvenile age population of Tashkent city. Method: The study included examining of 2107 adolescent aged girls of high schools, lyceums and colleges of Tashkent city. Results: Thus, in the studied region the prevalence of Candida vulvovaginitis in adolescent population is high, which in turn requires to take steps to further improve treatment and prevention.
NEW ASPECTS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF EPILEPSY
Authors: Azizova Rano Bahodirovna
Published: November 2014

We studied 52 patients with epilepsy with the average age of 36.2±14.7 years old. Of them, 38 patients had idiopathic epilepsy, 14 patients had symptomatic epilepsy. Our study has shown that epilepsy is accompanied with increased levels of autoantibodies to NF-200, GFAP, S100, MBP, DNA, GABA and dopamine receptors, testifying to the important role of autoimmune disturbances in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. More severe attacks are accompanied by worsening of neuroimmune dysregulation. The degree and duration of autoimmune process can serve additional diagnostic and prognostic criteria for epilepsies.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LYMPHOCYTE-PLATELET ADHESION, CYTOKINES AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Matyakubova Salomat Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2014

The aim of our study was to determine the significance of lymphocyte-platelet adhesion (LPA), interleukins, transforming necrosis factor - α (TNF-α), and endothelial dysfunction in the development of gestational hypertension (GH). The study included 139 pregnant women aged between 17 and 27 years (21.3±4.22 years). GH was diagnosed in 119 women after 20 weeks of pregnancy. 20 patients (control group) were with physiological course of pregnancy. The distribution of patients by groups was carried out according to the level of blood pressure (BP) in accordance with ICD-10 (Geneva, WHO, 2002). The survey was conducted at the moment of detection pregnancy from 7 to 10 weeks and in dynamics of I, II and III trimesters of gestation. In the dynamics of gestation, were studied the number of desquamated endothelial cells circulating in the systemic circulation (CECs), nitrates levels, the adhesion of platelets by estimation their ability to form co-aggregates with lymphocytes by determining the percentage of lymphocytes aggregates with thrombocytes (lymphocyte-platelet plugs), the concentrations of IL-Iβ and TNF-α by immunoenzymatic method. Results of the study showed that in pregnant women at risk of hypertensive disorders, especially after 20-22 weeks of gestation and later, lymphocytes ability to platelets adhesion is rose, the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO level are increased. The direct relationship between DBP high level with degree of LPA, CECs, NO, IL-Iβ and TNF-α cytokines at gestation period of 20-22 weeks indicates their importance in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders in pregnant women.
Canon authors and fannish interaction
Authors: Leavenworth Maria Lindgren
Published: November 2014

This article investigates how the authors of two popular vampire canons, Stephenie Meyer and J. R. Ward, use extratextual spaces such as homepages and Insider Guides to communicate with their fans while simultaneously limiting these fans’ possibilities for concrete involvement. It is argued that Meyer and Ward are engaged in a continuous battle for control over meaning, but that their interaction with their own narratives has close affinities with fannish practices in general. Of particular saliency is Ward’s and Meyer’s insistence on character autonomy, which increases the immediacy of their fictional worlds, but paradoxically weakens the authorial control they otherwise strive to maintain.
Pressed for Time? Goal Conflict Shapes how Time is Perceived, Spent, and Valued
Authors: Etkin Jordan , Evangelidis Ioannis , Aaker Jennifer
Published: November 2014

Why do consumers often feel pressed for time? This research provides a novel answer to this question: consumers’ subjective perceptions of goal conflict. The authors show that beyond the number of goals competing for consumers’ time, perceived conflict between goals makes them feel that they have less time. Five experiments demonstrate that perceiving greater conflict between goals makes people feel time constrained and that stress and anxiety drive this effect. These effects, which generalize across a variety of goals and types of conflict (both related and unrelated to demands on time), influence how consumers spend time as well as how much they are willing to pay to save time. The authors identify two simple interventions that can help consumers mitigate goal conflict's negative effects: slow breathing and anxiety reappraisal. Together, the findings shed light on the factors that drive how consumers perceive, spend, and value their time.
It's All Good: Corporate Social Responsibility Reduces Negative and Promotes Positive Responses to Service Failures among Value-Aligned Customers
Authors: Joireman Jeff , Smith Dustin , Liu Richie L. , Arthurs Jonathan
Published: November 2014

The present research investigates whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) reduces negative and promotes positive responses to service failures among value-aligned customers. Study 1 shows that customers are less likely to experience anger and spread negative word of mouth following a service failure when a firm engages in high (donating 15% of profits to environmental conservation) but not low (donating 2% of profits) levels of environmental CSR, but only if customers are high in environmental concern. In Study 2, the authors explore the benefits of CSR policies that target a broader range of beneficiaries versus policies that offer customers a choice over the firm's CSR allocations. Compared with a no-CSR policy, CSR with choice has a stronger effect on customers' emotions and intentions by enhancing perceived value alignment, reducing anger and regret over choosing the firm, and increasing guilt over harming the firm. These emotions subsequently reduce negative word of mouth and increase positive word of mouth and repurchase intentions. The results support the benefits of value-aligned and choice-based CSR policies in the wake of service failures.
Evaluación del coeficiente de diálisis de soluciones de globulina de sangre de equino con sulfato de amonio
Authors: Chacón Valle Gerardo
Published: November 2014

Se estudió el coeficiente de diálisis de la desalinización de soluciones de globulina, de sangre de equino, del sulfato de amonio. Se cumple para la diálisis en bolsas de celulosa regenerada debaja densidad, con diámetros entre 2.54 y 5.08 cm.