bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community-based participatory research with Aboriginal children and their communities: Research principles, practice and the social determinants of health
Authors: Baydala Lola , Ruttan Lia , Starkes Jill
Published: December 2021

Conventional health and social science research has contributed to advances in public well-being over the past century. Despite these advances, a significant gap exists in the health of Aboriginal children as compared to non-Aboriginal children in Canada. This has occurred, in part, as a result of the failure of conventional research to acknowledge the worldview of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples, to fully take into account their experience of the social determinants of health (SDOH) and to address the intergenerational impact of colonization. In this article we review and discuss the social determinants of health (SDOH) with a specific focus on Aboriginal children and youth. Motivated by our experience in carrying out community based participatory research (CBPR) with children and families from First Nations and Métis communities in Alberta, Canada we review how use of CBPR) approach to research with Aboriginal children and communities can serve to enhance research results, resulting in greater relevance to community identified questions. We will address these issues in the context not only of good research practice but as an aspect of “wise practices” (Wesley-Esquimaux & Calliou, 2010) occurring within an “ethical space of engagement” (Ermine, 2007). We conclude that CBPR allows for meaningful and equitable research partnerships to occur in an ethical space without reinforcing colonial processes of knowledge construction and translation while marginalizing Indigenous knowledge.
Using a community of practice model to create change for Northern homeless women
Authors: Poole Nancy , Bopp Judie
Published: December 2021

This is a story about three virtual and face-to-face communities which met in the capitals of Canada’s three Northern territorial cities over a two-year period to discuss and act on culturally safe and gender-specific services for Northern women (and their children) experiencing homelessness, mental health and substance use concerns. It is a story of how researchers and community-based advocates can work across distance and culture, using co-learning in virtual communities as a core strategy to create relational system change. The three communities of practice were linked through a pan-territorial action research project entitled Repairing the Holes in the Net, in which all participants: learned together, mapped available services, discussed the findings from interviews with northern women about their trajectories of homelessness, analyzed relevant policy, planned local service enhancements, and generally took inspiration from each other.
Understanding the Environment: Domestic Violence and Prevention in Urban Aboriginal Communities
Authors: Goulet Sharon , Lorenzetti Liza , Walsh Christine A , Wells Lana , Claussen Caroline
Published: December 2021

Aboriginal women in Canada are at significantly higher risk for spousal violence and spousal homicide than non-Aboriginal women. Although the majority of Aboriginal people in Canada live in urban settings, there is a dearth of literature focusing on the experiences and violence prevention efforts of urban Aboriginal peoples. In order to understand issues relevant to the prevention of domestic violence among this population, we employed Aboriginal community development principles to conduct a scoping review of the relevant literature to explore the meanings and definitions, risk and protective factors, and prevention/intervention strategies within urban Aboriginal communities. Our study underscores that a number of domestic violence risk and protective factors are present in both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities. However, the multifaceted impacts of colonization, including residential school trauma is a key factor in understanding domestic violence in urban Aboriginal contexts. The limited available research on this topic highlights the need for Aboriginal-led research directed towards eliminating the legacy of violence for Aboriginal peoples in Canada.
“You're Native but You're not Native Looking”: A Critical Narrative Study Exploring the Health Needs of Aboriginal Veterans Adopted and/or Fostered During the Sixties Scoop
Authors: Abdulwasi Munira , Evans Marilyn , Magalhaes Lillian
Published: December 2021

This study employed a critical narrative approach to examine the experience of Aboriginal Veterans in Canada adopted and/or fostered during the Sixties Scoop. The objectives of this study was to: 1) understand lived experiences of Aboriginal veterans adopted and/or fostered during the Sixties Scoop, 2) investigate health needs articulated by this population, and 3) provide suggestions for the creation of health services to aid Aboriginal veterans adopted and/or fostered during the Sixties Scoop with their health needs. Individual interviews were audio-recorded and conducted with eight participants from across Canada. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the holistic-content model (Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach & Zilber, 1998). Data analysis of the interviews uncovered three overarching themes: a) sense of belonging, b) racism: experienced and perceived, and c) resilience: not giving up in the face of adversity. Two main health needs conveyed by the participants included mental health care and support to fight substance abuse. More awareness regarding the historical realities experienced by this population and the impact this may have on their overall health is needed. Increased coordination between Veterans Affairs Canada (VAC), Royal Canadian Legion (RCL), National Aboriginal Veterans Association (NAVA), Aboriginal Veteran Autochthones (AVA), and Aboriginal agencies is needed to address the mental health needs experienced by this group of veterans.
Nistawatsiman1: Rethinking Assessment of Aboriginal Parents for Child Welfare Following the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Authors: Lindstrom Gabrielle , Choate Peter
Published: December 2021

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission report has challenged Canada to alter the relationship with Aboriginal peoples across the country. They have specifically identified child protection as one area that requires a significant reconsideration around how agencies charged with this responsibility interact with Aboriginal people both on and off reserves. The legacy of Residential Schools, the Sixties Scoop and other policies of assimilation and cultural genocide are found in a number of existing social policy and practices, including child protection. This work examines the depth of change that will be needed in child protection methodologies by challenging the current assessment practice which seeks to determine, from a Western child-rearing perspective, if parents are ‘good enough’ to raise their children. The project shows the depth of disparities between present and historical practices and Aboriginal culture, using reference to the Blackfoot Confederacy in southern Alberta. The project draws upon a broad literature review as well as an expert consultation with six traditional Blackfoot Elders.
Indigenous peoples and empowerment via technology1
Authors: Toth Katalina , Smith Daisy , Giroux Daphne
Published: December 2021

This article considers how increased access to communications technology could improve the lives of Indigenous peoples in Quebec. The authors describe the digital divide between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Quebec with respect to the speed, reliability, and cost of communications infrastructure, and how existing barriers can be overcome. The authors describe some ways in which the use of technology has already been incorporated by Indigenous communities to support education and healthcare, and how bridging the digital divide can be a tool to increase access to these fundamental services. Although technology is not a panacea, it has the potential, if implemented in accordance with Indigenous values, traditions, and goals, to empower Indigenous communities, particularly those in remote regions of Quebec, and alleviate some of the difficulties associated with accessing education and healthcare.
Ontario’s history of tampering and re-tampering with birth registration documents
Authors: Gehl1 Lynn
Published: December 2021

This article opens a discussion on the matter of Ontario administrators’, hospital and government employees’ history of tampering with long form birth registration documents in situations where birth mothers were unmarried or separated. Relying on Indigenous methods, such as listening to personal stories, and experts, the author explores how the practice of tampering with birth documents places Indigenous mothers and children in double jeopardy of not only being denied the information of who their biological father is or was, but also potentially being denied Indian status registration. Mothers and their children are deserving of more. This article ends with arguing additional research and funding are needed for a comprehensive understanding of the issue.
Equality
Authors: Patel Mars , Prabhakar Samaira , Scott Nahalia
Published: December 2021

The grade 3/4 and grade 7 class at Ross Drive Public School worked together to learn about treaties, Shannen Koostachin, and Shannen’s Dream. The students were asked to think about what a safe and comfy education might look like and why it is unfair that Shannen Koostachin had to fight for this right. To learn more, visit www.shannensdream.ca.
STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY DESCRIPTORS OF THE BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: Apostolov Suzana , Vaštag Đenđi , Matijević Borko , Mrđan Gorana , Nakomčić Jelena
Published: December 2021

Barbituric acid derivatives have been pharmacologically significant compounds for decades. The central nervous system effects are conditioned by the presence of the pyrimidine-trione ring and the nature of the substituent in position 5. Lipophilicity as one of the key molecular descriptors of biological activity for selected barbituric acid derivatives was determined experimentally, using reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RP TLC18 F254s), in two solvent systems. The influence of the substituent’s nature and the effects of applied organic modifiers on the chromatographic behavior of the tested derivatives were examined. For the studied derivatives the values of the partition coefficient (logP) as a standard measure of lipophilicity and effective concentration (EC50) as a measure of acute toxicity for different test organisms were calculated applying the appropriate software packages. Dependence between the chromatographic parameters as assumed measures of lipophilicity and the software-derived biological activity parameters of the studied barbituric acid derivatives were studied by linear regression analysis.
MEASUREMENT OF GAMMA DOSE RATE IN HOSPITALS FOR REHABILITATION IN BULGARIA
Authors: Djunakova Desislava , Kunovska Bistra , Chobanova Nina , Djounova Jana , Ivanova Kremena , Stojanovska Zdenka
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the indoor gamma dose rate in 17 inspected hospitals for rehabilitation where the radon measurements were conducted and to give a more comprehensive evaluation of the total exposure dose. The gamma dose rate in the air was measured in 355 rooms in 17 inspected hospitals for rehabilitation on the territory of Bulgaria. The maximum parameter value was 0.390 μSv/h and the minimum value was 0.06 μSv/h with the 0.157 μSv/h arithmetic mean (standard deviation - 0.160). The gamma dose rate was within the natural variations of the parameter in buildings. Direct measurements of radon were conducted, and the results ranged from 12 Bq/m3 to 3920 Bq/m3. The relationship between the two parameters was examined. A weak correlation between gamma dose rate and indoor radon concentration was found. The measurement of a gamma dose rate could be a useful parameter for carrying out radon workplace control.
ЗАВОДСКЕ ВАСПИТНЕ МЕРЕ У ЗАКОНОДАВСТВУ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРБИЈЕ И РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ – ВРСТЕ И КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ
Authors: Скакавац Татјана
Published: December 2021

Положај малолетника у кривичном законодавству Републике Србије и Републике Српске регулисан је посебним законима који ову област регулишу на новији, савременији начин. У Републици Србији, то је учињено доношењем Закона о малолетним учиниоцима кривичних дела и кривичноправној заштити малолетних лица из 2005. године, док је у Републици Српској донет Закон о заштити и поступању са децом и малољетницима у кривичном поступку из 2010. године. Тиме је учињен важан корак у успостављању и функционисању модерних правних др-жава и владавине права. Такође, овим је конституисано малолетничко кривично право – нова грана казненог права, са низом значајних специфичности, а у складу са савременим правним стандардима.
СУДСКА ПРАКСА УСТАВНОГ СУДА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
Authors: Симовић Милена
Published: December 2021

ПРАВО ЛИЦА ДА НЕ БУДЕ ПОДВРГНУТО МУЧЕЊУ, НЕЧОВЈЕЧНОМ ИЛИ ПОНИЖАВАЈУЋЕМ ТРЕТМАНУ ИЛИ КАЗНИ Нема повреде права на забрану мучења, нехуманог поступања и кажњавања из члана II/3б) Устава Босне и Херцеговине и члана 3 Европске конвенције за заштиту људских права и основних слобода (у даљњем тексту: Европска конвенција) у односу на по-ступак одобрења међународне заштите, када су надлежни органи детаљно испитали да ли, због припадности апелантице ромској популацији и њеног здравственог стања, постоје околности које указују да постоји значајна основа за вјеровање да би повратком у земљу поријекла апелантица била подвргнута мучењу, нехума-ном поступању или кажњавању, односно да јој у земљи поријекла пријети опасност да буду изложена третману који је у супрот-ности са чланом II/3 б) Устава Босне и Херцеговине и чланом 3 Европске конвенције. Такође, нема повреде права на дјелотворан правни лијек из члана 13, а у вези са чланом II/3 б) Устава Босне и Херцеговине и чланом 3 Европске конвенције у поступку неодо-бравања међународне заштите будући да је апелантица имала и користила законом прописане правне лијекове а чињеница да правни лијек није резултирао на начин на који је апелантица же-љела, не може водити закључку о непостојању или недјело-творности правног лијека.
Историографија и политика
Authors: Лончар Петар
Published: December 2021

Михаел Антоловић је историчар чије се поље интересовања креће између историографије и њемачке историје прошлога вијека уз неколико радова о њемачкој мањини на простору Војводине. Његове радове карактерише занимљив спој историчарског и историографског, као и изузетна читљивост. Дјело „Историографија и политика“ не представља класичну биографију једнога историчара, већ биографију његовог интелектуалног рада, од почетка образовања, па све до постхумних осврта савременика на његову заоставштину. У седам поглавља ове књиге хронолошко-проблемским приступом је приказан Мајнекеов рад и развој његових погледа на историју и свијет око њега.
Transcriptome atlas of Phalaenopsis equestris
Authors: Klepikova Anna V. , Kasianov Artem S. , Ezhova Margarita A. , Penin Aleksey A. , Logacheva Maria D.
Published: December 2021

The vast diversity of Orchidaceae together with sophisticated adaptations to pollinators and other unique features make this family an attractive model for evolutionary and functional studies. The sequenced genome of Phalaenopsis equestris facilitates Orchidaceae research. Here, we present an RNA-seq-based transcriptome map of P. equestris that covers 19 organs of the plant, including leaves, roots, floral organs and the shoot apical meristem. We demonstrated the high quality of the data and showed the similarity of the P. equestris transcriptome map with the gene expression atlases of other plants. The transcriptome map can be easily accessed through our database Transcriptome Variation Analysis (TraVA) for visualizing gene expression profiles. As an example of the application, we analyzed the expression of Phalaenopsis “orphan” genes–those that do not have recognizable similarity with the genes of other plants. We found that approximately half of these genes were not expressed; the ones that were expressed were predominantly expressed in reproductive structures.
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОПЕРАТОРОВ ЖИДКОСТНОГО ПРЕЦИЗИОННОГО ТРАВЛЕНИЯ, ПРЕЦИЗИОННОЙ ФОТОЛИТОГРАФИИ И ЭЛИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВАХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Поликарпова Л.В. , Кирюшина И.В. , Забодаева Н.Н. , Максимов С.Н.
Published: December 2021

В данной работе рассматриваются 3 и 4 уровни квалификации персонала, соответствующие по своим характеристикам виду трудовой деятельности «оператор». Представлены разработанные функциональные карты видов профессиональной деятельности в условиях современного производства изделий микроэлектроники операторов жидкостного прецизионного травления, прецизионной фотолитографии и элионных процессов. Рассмотрены характеристики обобщенных трудовых функций для каждого из указанных видов профессиональной деятельности, включая трудовые действия, необходимые умения и необходимые знания.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ФОТОГЕНЕРАТОРА КИСЛОТЫ В АНТИОТРАЖАЮЩЕМ ПОКРЫТИИ НА ПРОФИЛЬ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ, ФОРМИРУЕМЫХ В ФОТОРЕЗИСТЕ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Кузнецова Н.А. , Беклемышев В.И. , Грибов Б.Г.
Published: December 2021

Экспериментально показано, что введение фотогенератора кислоты в композицию антиотражающего покрытия позволяет улучшить профиль полученных на нем элементов фоторезиста, а именно – формировать элементы без уширения у основания (footing).
ABUSO SEXUAL INFANTOJUVENIL ENQUANTO PROBLEMA SOCIAL EM FORTALEZA, CEARÁ
Authors: Costa Irlena Maria Malheiros da , Barreira César , Barros Luis Silva , S. Jerônimo de Souza Jackeline
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, descrevemos e analisamos o processo de atuação (enactment) do abuso sexual infantojuvenil como um “problema social” a ser enfrentado pela Rede de Atenção a Crianças e Adolescentes Vítimas de Violência Sexual de Fortaleza, Ceará (Rede). Foram observadas práticas e experiências, sejam coletivas ou individuais, que mobilizam e articulam múltiplos elementos capazes de produzir “casos de abuso sexual” em um Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS) da cidade. O termo abuso sexual infantojuvenil está fundamentado na premissa de que a união das sexualidades infantil e adulta é inaceitável e, portanto, abusiva pelo fato de que o objetivo do adulto é obter o próprio prazersexual. Entretanto, para ser considerado abuso sexual infantojuvenil na Rede, é preciso que a situação sexual seja revelada, denunciada, analisada, tipificada, enumerada e contabilizada, formando ao longo dos atendimentos um dossiê com registros documentais especializados capazes de relatar tecnicamente o acontecimento.
FAZER PRECARIZAR: neoliberalismo autoritário e necrogovernamentalidade
Authors: Franco Fábio Luís
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, trata-se de explorar as articulações entre necropolítica e gestão neoliberal do trabalho no Brasil. Pretende-se sustentar que o neoliberalismo autoritário opera tanto coercitivamente, valendo-se dos aparatos de segurança e de justiça, quanto a partir da gestão do sofrimento psíquico e dos processos de subjetivação. Para tanto, parte-se da compreensão de que a necropolítica neoliberal envolve, também, intervenções visandoa fazer precarizar, isto é, a produzir sofrimento nos corpos por meio da administração de condições mortíferas, tal como fica explicito com a plataformização neoliberal do trabalho no Brasil. Por fim, o artigo introduz algumas considerações sobre os impactos dessa gestão necropolítica neoliberal da precariedade nas formas de subjetivação dos trabalhadores, lançando luz sobre a necrogovernamentalidade neoliberal enquanto gestão das condições de emergência da angústia.
NECROPOLÍTICA E NEOLIBERALISMO
Authors: Almeida Silvio Luiz de
Published: December 2021

O conceito de necropolítica introduzido no debate público por Achille Mbembe tem sido frequentemente mobilizado para a reflexão acerca das formas de violência perpetradas pelo Estado, especialmente contra as populações mais pobres e as minorias raciais. Entretanto a leitura do ensaio de Mbembe demonstra que, mais do que um desdobramento da biopolítica de Foucault – conceito que procura explicar as especificidades da dominação sob a égide do Estado moderno –, o conceito de necropolítica pretende dar conta do modo como a governamentalidade e suas tecnologias se impõem diante das mudanças na forma de reprodução social do capitalismo, no caso, as mudanças provocadas pelo neoliberalismo. Portanto pretende-se analisar como Mbembe, a partir da leitura crítica de Foucault, concebe a especificidade das formas de dominação no que considera ser a etapa neoliberal da economia capitalista.
Risk assessment of farmers handling pelleted seeds containing crystalline silica and attapulgite
Authors: Hirano Mitsugu , Mbelambela Etongola Papy , Eitoku Masamitsu , J-P Naw Awn , Iida Yukiko , Terada Masaichi , Suganuma Narufumi
Published: December 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the risk to farmers from handling pelleted seeds that include crystalline silica and attapulgite.

Methods

We measured personal exposure levels to respirable crystalline silica and attapulgite in the experimenter representing a farmer in a simulated workplace. From these values, the annual occupational exposure levels were estimated and compared with the established occupational exposure limits. To assess the toxicity of respirable crystalline silica and attapulgite, digital chest images of workers in a factory producing pelleted seeds were examined.

Results

The personal exposure measurement results showed that the concentrations of total dust, respirable dust, and respirable crystalline silica generated during work handling of pelleted seeds were 0.27, 0.06, and 0.00043 mg/m3, respectively. The estimated annual occupational exposure level to total dust, respirable dust, and respirable crystalline silica in farmers was 103 to 104 times lower than established occupational exposure limits. Attapulgite was not detected by analysis of the pelleted seeds themselves or dust collected during the personal exposure measurements. No pulmonary parenchymal or pleural lesions were detected in the digital chest images of the factory workers.

Conclusion

We found that farmers handling pelleted seeds would not be exposed to levels of total dust, respirable dust, respirable crystalline silica, and attapulgite derived from pelleted seeds exceeding occupational exposure limits. These results suggest that the risk to farmers of handling pelleted seeds is negligible.
Study on the effects of arm abduction angle and cushion support during sonographic examination on the stiffness of supraspinatus muscle of sonographers using shear wave elastography
Authors: Wong Ka Y , Lau Man W , Lee Man H , Chan Chi H , Mak Siu H , Ng Cheuk F , Ying Michael T C
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder remains high in sonography. The aims of this study are to determine the changes in muscle stiffness with different arm abduction angles, and to investigate the effect of cushion support on reducing muscle load in the supraspinatus when sonographers scan with the arm abducted to different angles.

Methods

This is a prospective crossover study. Twenty-three healthy female subjects aged between 20 and 23 years were included. Subjects were instructed to simulate performing standardized abdominal ultrasound scans. The changes in muscle stiffness of supraspinatus, measured as shear modulus, at rest and at 30°, 45°, and 60° arm abduction angles with and without cushion support were evaluated using shear-wave elastography. Styrofoam support was used for the cushion support.

Results

Mean shear moduli of supraspinatus were 27.77 ± 5.84 kPa at rest and 41.63 ± 7.09 kPa, 63.88 ± 14.43 kPa, and 89.76 ± 16.55 kPa for 30°, 45°, and 60° arm abduction respectively, which corresponds to 53%, 116% increase in muscle stiffness when scanning arm abducted from 30° to 45° and 60° (p < .001). After applying cushion support, shear moduli dropped to 24.04 ± 5.60 kPa, 31.98 ± 6.06 kPa, 37.47 ± 5.61 kPa for arm abducted to 30°, 45°, and 60° respectively (p < .001). The muscle stiffnesses between 30° abduction without support and 60° abduction with support had no significant difference (p > .05).

Conclusions

Muscle stiffness of supraspinatus increased with increasing arm abduction angle during ultrasound scanning. Utilizing cushion support underneath the arm was effective in reducing muscle stiffness in supraspinatus. Our results provide scientific justification on postural modifications for sonographers.
Diversification of Molinia‐dominated blanket bogs using Sphagnum propagules
Authors: Pilkington Mike , Walker Jonathan , Fry Chris , Eades Phil , Meade Roger , Pollett Nicholas , Rogers Tony , Helliwell Tom , Chandler David , Fawcett Emma , Keatley Tom
Published: December 2021

Increasing dominance by purple moor grass, Molinia caerulea (‘Molinia’) on globally rare and protected blanket bogs of the United Kingdom and the South Pennines is a growing threat to diversity and carbon storage, as well as increasing the risk of wildfire.

In a trial to increase diversity using Sphagnum plugs planted on three Molinia‐dominated sites in the South Pennines, an initial rapid increase in cover of plug‐derived Sphagnum (PDS) suggested an advantage over that of naturally occurring Sphagnum colonies, the latter remaining below 1% cover throughout; subsequent plateauing of PDS cover in areas of moderate Molinia cover (<80%) was linked with drought stress, whereas declining cover in Molinia‐dense areas (>80%) suggested additional competition for light.

The cover of Molinia was only weakly reduced by, and then completely recovered from, a baseline flailing treatment. Increasing cover of PDS in all of the treatments had no clear effect on the cover of Molinia.

The cover of naturally occurring indicator species was strongly reduced by the baseline flailing treatment; subsequent recovery was not complete, even with contributions by PDS. There was a negative linear relationship between Molinia cover and indicator species cover, over all ranges of Molinia cover.

Water table depths were lowered by PDS during the first 3 years of the trial, perhaps due to facilitated capillary conduction of water through the buried plug tissues.

It was concluded that PDS can establish rapidly amongst Molinia, boosting the diversity and cover of indicator species, but that establishment is slower in areas of dense Molinia and also likely to be hampered by periods of severe drought stress. Prior flailing had no clear benefit on the growth of PDS but reduced the cover of naturally occurring indicator species. Further investigations should include the role of water stress, shading and phosphorus limitation in restricting the growth of PDS within Molinia‐dominated swards.
Deep‐learning‐assisted algorithm for catheter reconstruction during MR‐only gynecological interstitial brachytherapy
Authors: Shaaer Amani , Paudel Moti , Smith Mackenzie , Tonolete Frances , Ravi Ananth
Published: December 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers excellent soft‐tissue contrast enabling the contouring of targets and organs at risk during gynecological interstitial brachytherapy procedure. Despite its advantage, one of the main obstacles preventing a transition to an MRI‐only workflow is that implanted plastic catheters are not reliably visualized on MR images. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a deep‐learning‐based algorithm for semiautomatic reconstruction of interstitial catheters during an MR‐only workflow. MR images of 20 gynecological patients were used in this study. Note that 360 catheters were reconstructed using T1‐ and T2‐weighted images by five experienced brachytherapy planners. The mean of the five reconstructed paths were used for training (257 catheters), validation (15 catheters), and testing/evaluation (88 catheters). To automatically identify and localize the catheters, a two‐dimensional (2D) U‐net algorithm was used to find their approximate location in each image slice. Once localized, thresholding was applied to those regions to find the extrema, as catheters appear as bright and dark regions in T1‐ and T2‐weighted images, respectively. The localized dwell positions of the proposed algorithm were compared to the ground truth reconstruction. Reconstruction time was also evaluated. A total of 34 009 catheter dwell positions were evaluated between the algorithm and all planners to estimate the reconstruction variability. The average variation was 0.97 ± 0.66 mm. The average reconstruction time for this approach was 11 ± 1 min, compared with 46 ± 10 min for the expert planners. This study suggests that the proposed deep learning, MR‐based framework has potential to replace the conventional manual catheter reconstruction. The adoption of this approach in the brachytherapy workflow is expected to improve treatment efficiency while reducing planning time, resources, and human errors.
Pregnancy Termination in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Mo Sophy , Malhamé Isabelle , Schneiderman Megan , Vinet Évelyne
Published: December 2021

Rheumatic diseases affect women during their reproductive years. Many women with rheumatic diseases become pregnant; some undergo pregnancy termination. However, there are no official guidelines on pregnancy termination in patients with rheumatic diseases. This work provides an overview of factors that health care professionals must consider. We highlight areas that require further studies and the importance of pregnancy planning and contraception counseling. Patients with rheumatic diseases need to be informed of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy to make informed reproductive decisions and reduce the need for pregnancy terminations.
Thermally Induced Flexural Vibration Problem of Inhomogeneous Rectangular Plates: When Temperature Change at the Bottom Surface Is Kept at Zero
Authors: Ohno Masahide , Kawamura Ryuusuke
Published: December 2021

Herein, a thermally induced flexural vibration problem of inhomogeneous rectangular plates in which the material constants are given as a power of the coordinate in the thickness direction is considered. Assuming that the top surface of the plate uniformly receives cyclic heat supply and that the bottom surface is kept at zero temperature change, a problem of 1D heat conduction in an unsteady state in the inhomogeneous plate is analyzed theoretically. Analytical solutions of temperature change, deflection, and stresses in the plate with simply supported edges in which power exponents in the material constants are free from any constraints are derived. Performing numerical calculations, an effect of inhomogeneity in the specific heat capacity on amplitude and phase shift in temperature change inside of plate is clarified. To evaluate the influence of inhomogeneity in the material constants on the inertia effect in the thermoelastic response of the plate, amplification factors are defined as ratios of maximum amplitudes in dynamic solutions of deflection and stresses to those in quasistatic solutions. It is clarified that amplification factors in deflection and stresses of the plate are significantly affected by inhomogeneity in the Young's modulus of elasticity and the mass density.
Multiscale Characterizations of Local Properties for Girth Welds of X70 and X80
Authors: Cao Jun , Ma Weifeng , Zhao Kang , Wang Ke , Cai Ke , Cong Shen , Ren Junjie , Nie Hailiang , Dang Wei , Liang Xiaobin , Yao Tian
Published: December 2021

As pipeline design standards require the parameters of mechanical properties, it is crucial to characterize local properties of grith weld. Consequently, the multiscale characterizations based on indentations are performed to study the local properties of these typical zones: weld metal, heat affected zone (HAZ), fusion zone, and base material. The microhardness is measured for entire girth welds of X70 and X80, and the nanohardness is also obtained to analyze the differences in typical zones of girth welds. Subsequently, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength in the typical zones of girth welds are characterized by spherical indentation method to analyze the distributions of strength and local hardening capacity. Furthermore, the microstructures of girth welds for X70 and X80 in terms of typical zones are studied to analyze the responses of local properties. Results show that the hardness of cap, filler, and root layers for X70 follows the sequence of cap>filler>root, while that of X80 follows the sequence of filler>cap>root. The softening effect of HAZ is existed in the girth weld of X70. The low hardness and strength in root layer are attributed to polygonal ferrite.
Boosting K+ Capacitive Storage in Dual‐Doped Carbon Crumples with B–N Moiety via a General Protic‐Salt Synthetic Strategy
Authors: Lian Xueyu , Zhou Junhua , You Yizhou , Tian Zhengnan , Yi Yuyang , Choi Jin‐Ho , Rümmeli Mark H. , Sun Jingyu
Published: December 2021

The heteroatom co‐doped carbonaceous anodes have readily attracted great attention in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), owing to their augmented carbon interlayer distances and increased K+ storage sites to induce enhanced capacity value. Nevertheless, the synergistic effect of dual‐doped heteroatoms is still unclear and lacks systematic explorations. In addition, traditional synthetic routes are cumbersome with template removal step, which are normally deficient in product scalability. Herein, a generic protic‐salt strategy is devised to realize sulfur‐, phosphorus‐ or boron‐nitrogen dual‐doped carbon (SNC, PNC, or BNC) via varying the types of protic precursors (e.g., the acid). Throughout comprehensive instrumental probing and theoretical simulation, it is identified that the presence of B–N moiety can harvest high adsorption capability of K+ and hence exhibit more obvious pseudo‐capacitance behavior than bare N‐doped carbon counterpart. As a PIB anode, the BNC electrode displays an impressive reversible capacity (360.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and cycle stability (125.4 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 3000 cycles). In situ/ex situ characterizations further reveal the origin of the excellent electrochemical properties of the BNC electrode. Such a tailorable protic‐salt derived anode material offers new possibilities to advance PIB devices.
Bioinspired 2D Isotropically Fatigue‐Resistant Hydrogels
Authors: Liang Xiangyu , Chen Guangda , Lin Shaoting , Zhang Jiajun , Wang Liu , Zhang Pei , Lan Yang , Liu Ji
Published: December 2021

Engineering conventional hydrogels with muscle‐like anisotropic structures can efficiently increase the fatigue threshold over 1000 J m−2 along the alignment direction; however, the fatigue threshold perpendicular to the alignment is still as low as ≈100–300 J m−2, making them nonsuitable for those scenarios where isotropic properties are desired. Here, inspired by the distinct structure–properties relationship of heart valves, a simple yet general strategy to engineer conventional hydrogels with unprecedented yet isotropic fatigue resistance, with a record‐high fatigue threshold over 1,500 J m−2 along two arbitrary in‐plane directions is reported. The two‐step process involves the formation of preferentially aligned lamellar micro/nanostructures through a bidirectional freeze‐casting process, followed by compression annealing, synergistically contributing to extraordinary resistance to fatigue crack propagation. The study provides a viable means of fabricating soft materials with isotropically extreme properties, thereby unlocking paths to apply these advanced soft materials toward applications including soft robotics, flexible electronics, e‐skins, and tissue patches.
Iron‐Catalyzed One‐Step Synthesis of Isothiazolone/1,2‐Selenazolone Derivatives via [3+1+1] Annulation of Cyclopropenones, Anilines, and Elemental Chalcogens
Authors: Wang Hongchen , Yan Rulong
Published: December 2021

Described herein is the one‐step synthesis of isothiazolone/1,2‐selenazolone derivatives via [3+1+1] cycloaddition of cyclopropenone derivatives, anilines, and elemental chalcogens. The cascade reaction involves the C−S, C−N, and N−S bond formation along with the cleavage of C−C bond. Both anilines and cyclopropenones are tolerated and give the corresponding products in 28–73% yields.

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Tunable Charge‐Density PEDOT:PSS for Application in Post‐Synaptic Organic Neuromorphic Electrodes
Authors: Barbosa Henrique F. P. , Higuita Germán D. Gómez , Günther Florian , Faria Gregório C.
Published: December 2021

Since the discovery of neuromorphic computing, the search for the ideal hardware technology has been the main focus of technological research and development in the area. Among the candidates, the electrochemical neuromorphic organic device (ENODe) shows promising properties such as low energy consumption, high computing efficiency, and relatively inexpensive units. However, ENODes suffer from long term instability, especially due to electrode degradation. Here, the use of a modified poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) synthesis is proposed to obtain intrinsically low‐charge density PEDOT:PSS inks for application as post‐synaptic electrodes in ENODes. The charge density of the synthesized inks is evaluated by optical spectroscopy, revealing that the amount of oxidizing agent in the synthesis route is directly correlated with the PEDOT:PSS charge density. ENODes fabricated with the synthesized low‐charge density PEDOT:PSS operate in the low‐voltage regime, with good stability and present non‐volatile memory levels. The easy‐to‐implement synthetic approach unlocks new strategies for producing stable and tunable charge‐density materials for constructing the next‐generation of organic neuromorphic devices.
A new yttrium‐based metal–organic framework for molecular sieving of propane from propylene with high propylene capacity
Authors: Tu Shi , Yu Liang , Wu Ying , Chen Yongwei , Wu Houxiao , Wang Liuqing , Liu Baoyu , Zhou Xin , Xiao Jing , Xia Qibin
Published: December 2021

Developing energy‐efficient alternatives for propylene (C3H6) and propane (C3H8) separation is of great significance and challenge in the petrochemical industry. Herein, we report the rational design of a new yttrium‐based ultramicroporous metal–organic framework (MOF) comprised of 12‐connected hexanuclear [Y6(OH)8(COO)12]2− cluster and 5‐(3,5‐dicarboxybenzoylamino)isophthalic acid (H4dbai) with ftw topology. It possesses a suitable pore window size and a relatively large pore volume for molecular sieving separation of C3H8 from C3H6 with a high C3H6 capacity. At 298 K and 100 kPa, the adsorption capacity of C3H6 was 2.57 mmol/g, which is the highest among the reported C3H6/C3H8 molecular sieving MOF adsorbents. The molecular simulation revealed that the steric hindrance effect together with the electrostatic interaction of the oxygen sites in the window resulted in the molecular sieving separation of C3H6/C3H8. The breakthrough experiments confirmed its excellent separation performance under dynamic conditions to produce high purity (97.1%) of C3H6 with a working adsorption capacity of 1.75 mmol/g.
An Unusual Pair: Facile Formation and In Vivo Validation of Robust Sc–18F Ternary Complexes for Molecular Imaging
Authors: Whetter Jennifer N. , Vaughn Brett A. , Koller Angus J. , Boros Eszter
Published: December 2021

Fluorine‐18 remains the most widely clinically utilized radionuclide globally for positron emission tomography (PET). The emergence of therapeutic isotopes for the management of disease has produced a pronounced interest in matched, theranostic isotope pairs that can be employed in tandem for the diagnosis and stratification of patients for subsequent radiotherapy. 18F, however, does not have a suitable therapeutic isotopologue. Here, we demonstrate that the formation of [18F][Sc−F] ternary complexes is feasible under mild, aqueous conditions, producing chemically robust radiopharmaceuticals in high radiochemical yield and specific activity. A corresponding in vivo study with a cancer‐targeting [18F][Sc−F] tracer indicates excellent in vivo stability and produces exquisite PET image quality, rendering the 18F/47Sc isotope pair an unusual, yet chemically matched theranostic pair with excellent potential for clinical translation.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Defluorinative Functionalizations of Polyfluorinated Aliphatic Amides and Esters
Authors: Ye Jian‐Heng , Bellotti Peter , Heusel Corinna , Glorius Frank
Published: December 2021

Selective C−F bond functionalization of perfluoalkyl units has huge potential towards accessing functionalized organofluorinated compounds, but remains challenging due to the high C−F bond strength and inherent selectivity challenges. We report a new catalytic approach to the selective functionalization of strong C−F bonds in polyfluorinated aliphatic esters and amides. This simple reaction proceeds in mild and operational fashion with divergent conversions, including hydrodefluorination, defluoroalkylation, and defluoroalkenylation, affording a diverse array of important partially fluorinated motifs. Straightforward downstream chemistry towards fluorinated alcohols, amines and drug derivatives highlights the potential of the protocol.
Ressourcenminimierung im urbanen Kontext
Authors: Weidner Stefanie , Bechmann Roland , Sobek Werner
Published: December 2021

Innerhalb der Systemgrenze Erde sind die vom Menschen nutzbaren Ressourcen faktisch begrenzt. Dennoch steigt der Verbrauch natürlicher Ressourcen durch ein anhaltendes Wachstum der Weltbevölkerung und einen Anstieg des Wohlstands in vielen Regionen jährlich weiter an. Die gebaute Umwelt (v. a. in Form von Städten und urbanen Strukturen) gehört zu den Haupttreibern des Ressourcenverbrauchs. In der hier vorgestellten Studie wird in einer phänomenologischen Untersuchung die Auswirkung bestimmter Parameter auf den Ressourcenverbrauch von typischen Wohnbauten analysiert. Darin werden das klassische Einfamilienhaus, vier‐ und sechsgeschossige Mehrfamilienhäuser und 20‐ bzw. 40‐geschossige Wohnhochhäuser quantifiziert und in drei unterschiedlichen urbanen Dichten in einem städtischen Kontext betrachtet. Darauf aufbauend zeigt eine Fallstudie Optimierungspotenzial für Hochhäuser auf, die sich unter bestimmten Umständen als eine nachhaltige Gebäudetypologie erweisen können.
Proton/Deuterium Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Rodents at 9.4T Using Birdcage Coils
Authors: Zhang Yi , Gao Yang , Fang Ke , Ye Jingjing , Ruan Yingheng , Yang Xiaojun , Zhang Yi , Thompson Garth , Chen Gao , Zhang Xiaotong
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the present study was to fabricate a volume coil for proton/deuterium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rodents at 9.4 T. Two birdcage radiofrequency (RF) coils have been designed for proton/deuterium MRI: the rungs of two concentric birdcages were azimuthally interleaved with each other for better decoupling, and the two coils were tuned to 400.3 and 61.4 MHz for 1H/2H resonance at 9.4 T. Compared to a commercially available coil, the proposed 1H/2H RF coil provides reasonable transmission efficiency and imaging signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR); the relationships among imaging parameters such as SNR, voxel size, and deuterium oxide concentrations have been quantitatively studied, and the linear correlation results together with the spectroscopic data in vivo indicate its feasibility in deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) in vivo. Our study indicates that using the birdcage design for MRI signal excitation combined with surface coil array for signal reception can facilitate DMI investigations more effectively towards future pre‐clinical and clinical applications. As a noninvasive method by measuring nonhydrogen nuclear deuterium signals to reflect metabolite information, DMI will feature prominently in future precision medicine through the whole process of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
The impact of systematic assessment for adverse events on unscheduled hospital utilization in patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Kim Jwa Hoon , Seo Seyoung , Kim Jee Hyun , Koh Su‐Jin , Ahn Yongchel , Jung Kyung Hae , Ahn Jin‐Hee , Kim Sung‐Bae , Kim Tae Won , Hong Yong Sang , Kim Sun Young , Kim Jeong Eun , Kim Sang‐We , Lee Dae Ho , Lee Jae Cheol , Choi Chang‐Min , Yoon Shinkyo , Jeong Jae Ho , Kim Hwa Jung , Suh Koung Jin , Kim Se Hyun , Kim Yu Jung , Min Young Joo , Baek Jin Ho , Park Sook Ryun
Published: December 2021

Background

This study was conducted to compare the reported adverse event (AE) profiles and unexpected use of medical services during chemotherapy between before and after the healthcare reimbursement of AE evaluation in patients with cancer.

Patients and Methods

Using the electronic medical record database system, extracted patients with breast, lung, gastric, and colorectal cancers receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy between September 2013 and December 2016 at four centers in Korea were matched using the 1:1 greedy method: pre‐reimbursement group (n = 1084) and post‐reimbursement group (n = 1084). Unexpected outpatient department (OPD), emergency room (ER) visit, hospitalization rates, and chemotherapy completion rates were compared between the groups.

Results

The baseline characteristics were well‐balanced between the groups. By chemotherapy cycle, hospitalization (1.8% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.039), and ER visit rates (3.3% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.064) were lower in the post‐reimbursement group than that in the pre‐reimbursement group. In particular, since cycle 2, ER visit and hospitalization rates were significantly lower in the post‐reimbursement group than those in the pre‐reimbursement group (2.6% vs. 3.3%; p = 0.020 and 1.4% vs. 2.0%; p = 0.007, respectively), although no significant differences were observed during cycle 1. The OPD visit rates were similar between both groups, regardless of cycles. The post‐reimbursement group had a higher proportion of patients who completed chemotherapy as planned than the pre‐reimbursement group (93.5% vs. 90.1%; p = 0.006). Post‐reimbursement group had more AEs reported, including alopecia, fatigue, diarrhea, anorexia, and peripheral neuropathy, during cycle 1 than the pre‐reimbursement group, which significantly decreased after cycle 2.

Conclusion

The introduction of healthcare reimbursement for AE evaluation may help physicians capture and appropriately manage AEs, consequently, decreasing hospital utilization and increasing chemotherapy completion rates.
Bioinorganic Chemistry of Zinc in Relation to the Immune System
Authors: Planeta Kepp Kasper
Published: December 2021

Zinc is well‐known to have a central role in human inflammation and immunity and is itself an anti‐inflammatory and antiviral agent. Despite its massively documented role in such processes, the underlying chemistry of zinc in relation to specific proteins and pathways of the immune system has not received much focus. This short review provides an overview of this topic, with emphasis on the structures of key proteins, zinc coordination chemistry, and probable mechanisms involved in zinc‐based immunity, with some focus points for future chemical and biological research.