bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adopting a Resilience Practice Framework: a case study in what to select and how to implement
Authors: Antcliff Greg , Mildon Robyn , Baldwin Laura , Michaux Annette , Nay Cherie
Published: December 2014

This paper describes the collaborative application of three theoretical models for supporting service planning (Hunter, 2006), programme planning (Chorpita et al, 2005a), and implementation (Meyers et al, 2012) to develop and implement a Resilience Practice Framework (RPF). Specifically, we (1) describe a theory of change framework (Hunter, 2006) to clarify the target for intervention and outcomes to be achieved; (2) describe a common elements approach (Chorpita et al, 2005a) to select evidence-informed practices; (3) describe the application of the Quality Implementation Framework (QIF) (Meyers et al, 2012) to implement an RPF; and lastly (4) present preliminary findings for early implementation efforts and future directions.
Supporting user involvement in child welfare work: a way of implementing evidence-based practice
Authors: Alexanderson Karin , Hyvönen Ulf , Karlsson Per-Åke , Larsson Anne-Marie
Published: December 2014

The article describes and analyses some preliminary working methods for user involvement in child welfare. The models are based on the results of a national project in Sweden where children and young people have been involved as informants. How experiences and viewpoints from children and young people can be a source of knowledge in child welfare organisations is one of the main questions. The performance and the results of the project are analysed in relation to a theoretical macro-oriented model created to illustrate the need for different kinds of knowledge in supporting the implementation of an evidence-based practice.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C) and Its Receptor (VEGFR-3) in the Glial Reaction Elicited by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Engraftment in the Normal Rat Brain
Authors: Shin Yoo-Jin , Riew Tae-Ryong , Park Joo-Hee , Pak Ha-Jin , Lee Mun-Yong
Published: December 2014

To determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and its receptor (VEGFR-3) are involved in the glial reaction elicited by transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we examined the cellular localization of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 proteins in the striatum of adult normal rats that received bone marrow-derived human MSCs. The MSC grafts were infiltrated with activated microglia/macrophages and astrocytes over a 2-week period post-transplantation, which appeared to parallel the loss of transplanted MSCs. VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 was expressed in activated microglia/macrophages recruited to the graft site, where the induction of VEGF-C protein was rather late compared with that of its receptor. VEGF-C protein was absent or very weak on day 3, whereas VEGFR-3 immunoreactivity was evident within the first three days. Furthermore, within three days, VEGF-C could be detected in the brain macrophages localized immediately adjacent to the needle track. At the same time, almost all the brain macrophages in both regions expressed VEGFR-3. Reactive astrocytes at the graft site expressed VEGFR-3, but not VEGF-C. These data demonstrated the characteristic time- and cell-dependent expression patterns for VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 within the engrafted brain tissue, suggesting that they may contribute to neuroinflammation in MSC transplantation, possibly through the recruitment and/or activation of microglia/macrophages and astrogliosis.
Human Saliva-Derived Exosomes
Authors: Zlotogorski-Hurvitz Ayelet , Dayan Dan , Chaushu Gavriel , Korvala Johanna , Salo Tuula , Sormunen Raija , Vered Marilena
Published: December 2014

ExoQuick-TCTM (EQ), a chemical-based agent designed to precipitate exosomes, was calibrated for use on saliva collected from healthy individuals. The morphological and molecular features of the precipitations were compared with those obtained using the classical, physical-based method of ultracentrifugation (UC). Electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy with anti-CD63 showed vesicular nanoparticles surrounded by bi-layered membrane, compatible with exosomes in EQ, similar to that observed with UC. Atomic force microscopy highlighted larger, irregularly shaped/aggregated EQ nanoparticles that contrasted with the single, round-shaped UC nanoparticles. ELISA (performed on 0.5 ml of saliva) revealed a tendency for a higher expression of the specific exosomal markers (CD63, CD9, CD81) in EQ than in UC ( p>0.05). ELISA for epithelial growth factor receptor, a non-exosomal-related marker, showed a significantly higher concentration in EQ than in UC ( p=0.04). Western blotting of equal total-protein concentrations revealed bands of CD63, CD9 and CD81 in both types of preparations, although they were less pronounced in EQ compared with UC. This may be related to a higher fraction of non-exosomal proteins in EQ. In conclusion, EQ is suitable and efficient for precipitation of salivary exosomes from small volumes of saliva; however, EQ tends to be associated with considerably more biological impurities (non-exosomal-related proteins/microvesicles) as compared with UC.
Impact of the Mobility Models, Route and Link connectivity on the performance of Position based routing protocols
Authors: Macintosh Adam , Feisiyau Ming , Ghavami Mohammed
Published: December 2014

This paper investigate the fundamental factors “mobility models, route and link connectivity” in Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET) which have a major impact on the performance of position based routing protocols. In addition, a new measurement method called probability of communication process is proposed. The method is used to measure the success rate of established path by a MANET routing protocol, which allow to stress test and inspect the stability, scalability and adaptability of MANET routing protocols. We analysed the effect of “route and link connectivity” on the performance of protocols under two different mobility models. Results show the evaluation and performance of the proposed protocol under a unified simulation environment for different scenarios.
Metformin represses drug – induced expression of CYP2B6 by the constitutive androstane receptor phosphorylation
Authors: Andreeva Sveta Igorevna
Published: December 2014

Currently, metformin is a major hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The main antihyperglycemic effect of metformin - suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. However, type 2 diabetes are usually associated with other diseases and associated comorbid conditions that require polifarmakologic treatment.
Desegregation, Accountability, and Equality: North Carolina and the Nation, 1971-2002
Authors: Baker Scott , Myers Anthony , Vasquez Brittany
Published: December 2014

Using North Carolina as a lens to illuminate broader national developments, this paper examines how and why educational policy in the United States turned away from a civil rights agenda of opportunity and embraced test-based accountability as a way of promoting racial equality. We show that comprehensive desegregation, enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and Great Society Programs expanded educational opportunities for African Americans, fueled significant increases in black educational achievement and attainment, and brought African Americans closer to equality with whites by the 1980s. We situate the turn to accountability in a political context shaped by an increasingly conservative political environment, and examine three overlapping waves of test- based accountability that began in North Carolina in the late 1970s and spread throughout the region and the nation in the decades that followed: the minimum competency movement of the late 1970s and early 1980s, the standards based reforms of the 1980s, and the more comprehensive and coercive forms of high stakes testing in the 1990s. We argue that the southern political leaders who shaped U.S. educational policy turned to test-based accountability as a politically expedient alternative to the task of equalizing educational opportunities for African Americans. Civil rights organizations endorsed test-based accountability, but we find little evidence that test-based approaches improved African American educational outcomes. Opportunity policies, we conclude, did more to promote racial equality in educational achievement and attainment than test-based accountability.
Competition Law and the Regulation of Buyer Power and Buyer Cartels in China and Hong Kong
Authors: Ezrachi Ariel , Williams Mark
Published: December 2014

The paper focuses on the application of competition law in HK and China to buying alliances and buyer cartels in intermediate markets. The discussion set to clarify the legality, under the competition provisions, of purchase price fixing agreements between buyers.
Role of leptin in female reproduction
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Antonio , Sánchez-Jiménez Flora , Maymó Julieta , Dueñas José L. , Varone Cecilia , Sánchez-Margalet Víctor
Published: December 2014

Reproductive function is dependent on energy resources. The role of weight, body composition, fat distribution and the effect of diet have been largely investigated in experimental female animals as well as in women. Any alteration in diet and/or weight may induce abnormalities in timing of sexual maturation and fertility. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in the fine coordination of energy balance and reproduction are largely unknown. The brain and hypothalamic structures receive endocrine and/or metabolic signals providing information on the nutritional status and the degree of fat stores. Adipose tissue acts both as a store of energy and as an active endocrine organ, secreting a large number of biologically important molecules termed adipokines. Adipokines have been shown to be involved in regulation of the reproductive functions. The first adipokine described was leptin. Extensive research over the last 10 years has shown that leptin is not only an adipose tissue-derived messenger of the amount of energy stores to the brain, but also a crucial hormone/cytokine for a number of diverse physiological processes, such as inflammation, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, immune function, and most importantly, reproduction. Leptin plays an integral role in the normal physiology of the reproductive system with complex interactions at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis. In addition, leptin is also produced by placenta, where it plays an important autocrine function. Observational studies have demonstrated that states of leptin excess, deficiency, or resistance can be associated with abnormal reproductive function. This review focuses on the leptin action in female reproduction.
Serum fucosylated haptoglobin in chronic liver diseases as a potential biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma development
Authors: Asazawa Hitomi , Kamada Yoshihiro , Takeda Yuri , Takamatsu Shinji , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Kim Youkoku , Nezu Riichiro , Kuzushita Noriyoshi , Mita Eiji , Kato Michio , Miyoshi Eiji
Published: December 2014

Fucosylation is one of the most important glycosylation events involved in cancer and inflammation. We previously developed a lectin antibody ELISA kit to measure fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hpt), which we identified as a novel cancer biomarker. In this study, we investigated Fuc-Hpt as a biomarker in chronic liver diseases, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

We measured serum Fuc-Hpt levels using our ELISA kit in 318 patients with chronic liver diseases, including 145 chronic hepatitis (CH) patients, 81 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and 92 HCC patients. During a long-term follow-up period of 7 years (1996–2003), Fuc-Hpt levels were measured at three different time points in 19 HCC patients. Serum Fuc-Hpt levels were also examined with a short-term follow-up period of 3 years (2009–2012) in 13 HCC patients.

Fuc-Hpt levels increased with liver disease progression. Patients with LC and HCC showed significantly increased Fuc-Hpt levels in comparison to CH patients or healthy volunteers. Fuc-Hpt levels tended to be higher in HCC patients than in LC patients. Fuc-Hpt was better than α-fetoprotein (AFP) and AFP-L3 for predicting HCC [diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound] in LC patients with long-term follow-up. More than 80% of LC patients with long-term follow-up showed increased Fuc-Hpt during hepatocarcinogenesis, and 38% of early-stage HCC patients with short-term follow-up showed a gradual increase in Fuc-Hpt before imaging diagnosis.

These results suggest that Fuc-Hpt is a novel and potentially useful biomarker for predicting liver disease progression and HCC development.
Numerical Analysis of Residence Time Distribution in Packed Bed Reactors with Irregular Particle Arrangements
Authors: Atmakidis Theodoros , Kenig Eugeny Y.
Published: December 2014

The computational fluid dynamics approach is applied to packed bed reactors with moderate tube-to-particle diameter ratios. In order to generate irregular particle arrangements within the reactors, a modified ballistic deposition method is used. While our previous studies were focused on pressure drop and mass transfer characteristics, the present paper uses the same framework to investigate the dispersion phenomena occurring in such reactors. Two different methods, namely the tracer and the post-processing method, are applied. The first method imitates the experimental procedure in which a non-diffusive tracer is injected into the packed bed. The residence time can be evaluated from the evolution of the tracer concentration. The second method is purely numerical and allows fast residence time estimation. Simulation results are successfully validated against experimental data from literature. The suggested numerical analysis is a valuable tool toward a deeper understanding of the fundamental transport phenomena in such reactors and, consequently, for the improvement of the packed bed performance.
Finite groups with permutable complete Wielandt sets of subgroups
Authors: Guo Wenbin , Skiba Alexander N.
Published: December 2014

Let 𝒲 be a set of nilpotent Hall subgroups of a finite
group G. We say that 𝒲 is a Wielandt set if for
each prime p dividing |G| there is exactly one subgroup W ∈ 𝒲 such that p divides |W|. In this paper, we study the
influence of Wielandt sets on the structure of G. In particular,
we give conditions under which a normal subgroup of a finite
group is hypercyclically embedded.
On a mixed problem for the parabolic Lamé type operator
Authors: Puzyrev Roman , Shlapunov Alexander
Published: December 2014

We consider a boundary value problem for a Lamé type operator, which corresponds to
a linearisation of the Navier–Stokes' equations for compressible flow of Newtonian fluids in
the case where pressure is known. It consists of recovering a vector function, satisfying the
parabolic Lamé type system in a cylindrical domain, via its values and the values of the
boundary stress tensor on a given part of the lateral surface of the cylinder. We prove that
the problem is ill-posed in the natural spaces of smooth functions and in the
corresponding Hölder spaces; besides, additional initial data do not turn the problem to a
well-posed one. Using the integral representation's method we obtain a uniqueness
theorem and solvability conditions for the problem. We also describe conditions, providing
dense solvability of the problem.
El modelo de escuela rural multigrado ¿es un modelo del que podamos aprender? ¿Es transferible a otro tipo de escuela?
Authors: Abós Olivares Pilar
Published: December 2014

La escuela rural presenta unas características educativas específicas centradas en la heterogeneidad y la diversidad que precisan de un planteamiento psicopedagógico y unas estrategias didácticas adaptadas. Partiendo de esta premisa  presentamos un proyecto de investigación interuniversitario e internacional realizado a lo largo de más de tres años en el que, a través de una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, se describen las prácticas pedagógicas de los maestros de escuelas multigrado de cinco países de América Latina y Europa, con el objetivo de analizar aquellos componentes didácticos que puedan ser transferidos a otra tipología de escuela y avanzar en el conocimiento, no solo de la escuela multigrado, sino también en el de la necesaria atención a la diversidad como clave  para el logro de una educación de calidad para todos.http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ie.24.1946
La escuela rural en la dimensión territorial
Authors: Boix Tomàs Roser
Published: December 2014

La escuela rural es un actor dinámico en la dimensión territorial y lo es desde varias perspectivas que se complementan entre sí: como miembro activo de un sistema institucional territorial, como receptora de identidades y emociones, como capital social local y como elemento configurador en la construcción social rural. Como miembro activo de un sistema institucional territorial proyecta las prácticas colectivas, individuales y familiares marcando límites simbólicos de representación social y desarrollando a su vez, un espacio social y educativo propio, característico e inclusivo; como receptora de identidades y emociones, la escuela rural concibe prácticas familiares y con ellas, sentimientos, emociones y desconciertos propios de un territorio poco reconocido socialmente; como capital social local, es capaz de dar respuestas a las necesidades educativas reales del territorio, con capacidad para reaccionar ante la diversidad e heterogeneidad naturales del contexto; y como elemento configurador de la construcción social rural, puede proyectar el reflejo mismo del vivir de su comunidad y de su forma de entenderla compartiendo su proceso de crecimiento natural. Pero la escuela no siempre es consciente que es un actor dinámico en esa dimensión; la escuela puede quedar aislada, a pesar de la múltiples acciones y actividades que se impulsen. Y, en consecuencia, en el aula multigrado también pueden presentarse verdaderas dificultades para poner en práctica proyectos didácticos que faciliten ese impulso. La escuela como actor de la dimensión territorial rural debería ser tratada como una cuestión socialmente viva.http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ie.24.1959
Wafer bonding of Si for hybrid photonic devices
Authors: Le Bourhis Eric , Pantzas Konstantin , Patriarche Gilles , Talneau Anne , Sagnes Isabelle , Troadec David
Published: December 2014

InP membranes have been bonded both oxide free and oxide mediated onto a Si substrate. The mechanical responses of the obtained thin (0.4 µm) membranes could be tested by nanoindentation and compared. Delamination of the membrane was observed to occur when the indenting load reached 55 mN for an oxide mediated bonded structure and 80 mN for an oxide free bonded one. Weibull analysis of these events yielded a modulus m of magnitude 6 to 10, indicating that delamination fracture is relatively predictable with a stronger interface obtained in oxide free approach. Delamination of the membrane is the result of constraint of plastic flow by the InP/Si interface. Membrane rotation is induced and increases with the indentation load, until it is sufficient to induce and propagate an interfacial crack.
Modelling of Precipitation Kinetics with Simultanous Stress Relaxation
Authors: Fischer Franz Dieter , Svoboda Jiri , Gamsjäger Ernst , Kozeschnik Ernst , Sonderegger Bernhard
Published: December 2014

Misfit strain connected with the formation of large internal stresses may drastically influence the precipitation kinetics. A new model for the simultaneous precipitate growth and misfit stress relaxation in binary systems has been developed based on the idea that the internal stresses are relaxed by generation or annihilation of vacancies at the matrix/precipitate interface. The model is applied to the Fe-C system by considering the growth of the cementite precipitate in the ferritic matrix. The influence of the stress relaxation on the precipitate growth kinetics is demonstrated.
Integracja HCD i TRIZ w projektowaniu i ocenie wyrobów
Authors: Gajewski Andrzej
Published: December 2014

Human-centered design (HCD) is a set of user-oriented principles focused on a thorough understanding of consumer needs. TRIZ focuses on the innovativeness of technical devices. TRIZ and HCD represent quite different "philosophies" of the design, manufacture and assessment of goods. It seems, however, that viewing a product from the perspective of both TRIZ and HCD methodologies provides an opportunity for consumer-focused development of products, especially consumer goods. The paper presents the cases in which emphasis is placed on product usability (TRIZ methods are applicable) as well as those areas in which HCD methods play a more significant role.
Initiation of backward erosion piping in uniform sands
Authors: VAN BEEK V.M. , BEZUIJEN A. , SELLMEIJER J.B. , BARENDS F.B.J.
Published: December 2014

The process of backward erosion piping poses a threat to dams and dikes on foundations of non-plastic sands and silts. The available models for design and predictions focus predominantly on the progression of the pipe. However, sand boils in the field will occur as a result of the initiation of sand transport. Although criteria are available for predicting sand boiling and heaving in columns, there is no model describing the initiation of piping in situations where the exit flow is not uniform, as is the case in most backward erosion experiments and situations in the field. This study compared laboratory experiments in which the process of initiation leads directly to failure with analytical and numerical groundwater flow calculations and heave criteria. The aim was to develop a model for the onset of pipe formation. It emerged that the sand bed needs to be fluidised over a distance of at least 20 times the grain diameter from the toe of the structure for a pipe to initiate. The proposed model explains the scale effects of grain size and configuration on a critical gradient. This approach clarifies the processes governing pipe initiation and progression and it can be used to establish a conservative estimate of the critical head in uniform sands, which is essential for laboratory work on this topic and for the appraisal of sand boils in practice.
The Validity And Reliability Of The Turkish Version Of The Online Counseling And Face-To-Face Counseling Attitudes Scale
Authors: Demirci İbrahim , Şar Ali Haydar , Manap Abdullah
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Online Counseling Attitudes Scale (OCAS) and Face-to-Face Counseling Attitudes Scale (OCAS) (Rochlen, Beretvas, & Zack, 2004). OCAS and FCAS loaded on four factors and the factors were named Value of Online Counseling (OC-V), Discomfort with Online Counseling (OC-D), Value of Face-to-Face Counseling (FC-V) and Discomfort with Face-to-Face Counseling (FC-D). The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four dimensional model was well fit (x²=323.61, df=157, p=0.00000, RMSEA=.056, NFI=.94, CFI=.96, IFI=.96, RFI=.92, GFI=.91, and SRMR=.071). Factor loadings ranged from .47 to .88. The internal consistency coefficients of four subscales were .84, .80, .88 and .78. Overall, findings demonstrated that OCAS and FCAS may be used as a valid and reliable instrument in order to assess attitudes toward online counseling and face to face counseling of individuals.
Recovery of arctic tundra from thermal erosion disturbance is constrained by nutrient accumulation: a modeling analysis
Authors: Pearce A. R. , Rastetter E. B. , Kwiatkowski B. L. , Bowden W. B. , Mack M. C. , Jiang Y.
Published: December 2014

We calibrated the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model to Alaskan arctic tundra to simulate recovery of thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could significantly alter regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as the climate warms. We simulated recovery following TEF stabilization and did not address initial, short‐term losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we modeled a range of post‐stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM stocks and nutrient supply rates.

Simulations indicate that nitrogen (N) losses after the TEF stabilizes are small, but phosphorus (P) losses continue. Vegetation biomass recovered 90% of its undisturbed C, N, and P stocks in 100 years using nutrients mineralized from SOM. Because of low litter inputs but continued decomposition, younger SOM continued to be lost for 10 years after the TEF began to recover, but recovered to about 84% of its undisturbed amount in 100 years. The older recalcitrant SOM in mineral soil continued to be lost throughout the 100‐year simulation.

Simulations suggest that biomass recovery depended on the amount of SOM remaining after disturbance. Recovery was initially limited by the photosynthetic capacity of vegetation, but became co‐limited by N and P once a plant canopy developed. Biomass and SOM recovery was enhanced by increasing nutrient supplies, but the magnitude, source, and controls on these supplies are poorly understood. Faster mineralization of nutrients from SOM (e.g., by warming) enhanced vegetation recovery but delayed recovery of SOM. Taken together, these results suggest that although vegetation and surface SOM on TEFs recovered quickly (25 and 100 years, respectively), the recovery of deep, mineral soil SOM took centuries and represented a major ecosystem C loss.
Predator nonconsumptive effects on prey recruitment weaken with recruit density
Authors: Ellrich Julius A. , Scrosati Ricardo A. , Molis Markus
Published: December 2014

We investigated the nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) of predatory dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) on intertidal barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides) recruitment through field experiments on the Gulf of St. Lawrence coast and the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. We studied the recruitment seasons (May–June) of 2011 and 2013. In 2011, the Gulf coast had five times more nearshore phytoplankton (food for barnacle larvae and recruits) during the recruitment season and yielded a 58% higher barnacle recruit density than the Atlantic coast at the end of the recruitment season. In 2013, phytoplankton levels and barnacle recruit density were similar on both coasts and also lower than for the Gulf coast in 2011. Using the comparative–experimental method, the manipulation of dogwhelk presence (without allowing physical contact with prey) revealed that dogwhelk cues limited barnacle recruitment under moderate recruit densities (Atlantic 2011/2013 and Gulf 2013) but had no effect under a high recruit density (Gulf 2011). Barnacle recruits attract settling larvae through chemical cues. Thus, the highest recruit density appears to have neutralized dogwhelk effects. This study suggests that the predation risk perceived by settling larvae may decrease with increasing recruit density and that prey food supply may indirectly influence predator NCEs on prey recruitment.
Inactivation of bacterial biothreat agents in water, a review
Authors: Rose L. J. , Rice E. W.
Published: December 2014

Water supplies and water distribution systems have been identified as potential targets for contamination by bacterial biothreat agents. Since the 2001 Bacillus anthracis bioterrorist attacks, additional efforts have been aimed at research to characterize biothreat organisms in regards to their susceptibility to disinfectants and technologies currently in use for potable water. Here, we present a review of research relevant to disinfection of bacteria with the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, and their potential surrogates. The efficacy of chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ultraviolet light to inactivate each organism in suspension is described. The complexities of disinfection under varying water conditions and when the organisms are associated with biofilms in distribution systems are discussed.
High resolution modeling of agricultural nitrogen to identify private wells susceptible to nitrate contamination
Authors: Hoppe Brendalynn , White Denis , Harding Anna , Mueller-Warrant George , Hope Bruce , Main Eric
Published: December 2014

Given the lack of data on private wells, public health and water quality specialists must explore alternative datasets for understanding associated exposures and health risks. Characterizing agricultural nitrogen inputs would be valuable for identifying areas where well water safety may be compromised. This study incorporated existing methods for estimating nutrient loading at the county level with datasets derived from a state permitting program for confined animal feeding operations and agricultural enterprise budget worksheets to produce a high resolution agricultural nitrogen raster map. This map was combined with data on soil leachability and new well locations. An algorithm was developed to calculate nitrogen loading and leachability within 1,000 meters of each well. Wells with a nonzero nitrogen total linked to soils with high leachability were categorized and displayed on maps communicating well susceptibility across the state of Oregon. Results suggest that 4% of recently drilled wells may be susceptible to nitrate contamination, while areas identified for mitigation are too restrictive to include all susceptible wells. Predicted increases in population density and the steady addition of approximately 3,800 new wells annually may lead to a large number of residents, especially those in rural areas, experiencing long-term exposures to nitrate in drinking water.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of Salmonella spp. in a river in a tropical environment in Mexico
Authors: Jiménez Maribel , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime , Rodriguez-Alvarez Maria Xose , Leon-Felix Josefina , Chaidez Cristobal
Published: December 2014

The capability of Salmonella to survive outside a host is especially relevant in tropical regions, where the environmental conditions could be more suitable for its long-term persistence. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of salmonellae within rivers of the Culiacan Valley in the northwestern region of Mexico. From July 2008 to June 2009, a total of 138 water samples were evaluated for the presence of Salmonella spp.; additionally, its association with environmental parameters was determined using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). Salmonella spp. were isolated from 111 (80.4%) samples without any statistical influence on the environmental parameters investigated, according to the GAM analysis. Twenty-four serotypes were identified; the most frequently isolated serotypes were Salmonella Oranienburg (25%), Salmonella Saintpaul (9%) and Salmonella Minnesota (6%). Diverse genetic variants of Salmonella Oranienburg were found distributed across the valley with no distinctive geographical or temporal patterns. The high persistence of Salmonella spp. and the lack of differentiation of types found along the river basins suggest the existence of non-point source contamination. Furthermore, the discrepancy between the prevailing serotypes in human infections and those identified in this study denotes a limited influence of these aquatic environments in bacterial dissemination and disease transmission.
Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori in a large Mediterranean river, by direct viable count fluorescent in situ hybridization (DVC-FISH)
Authors: Tirodimos Ilias , Bobos Mattheos , Kazakos Evangelos , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Dardavessis Theodore , Kostopoulos Ioannis , Arvanitidou Malamatenia
Published: December 2014

Although the precise route and mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori are still unclear, molecular methods have been applied for the detection of H. pylori in environmental samples. In this study, we used the direct viable count fluorescent in situ hybridization (DVC-FISH) method to detect viable cells of H. pylori in the River Aliakmon, Greece. This is the longest river in Greece, and provides potable water in metropolitan areas. H. pylori showed positive detection for 23 out of 48 water samples (47.9%), while no seasonal variation was found and no correlation was observed between the presence of H. pylori and indicators of fecal contamination. Our findings strengthen the evidence that H. pylori is waterborne while its presence adds to the potential health hazards of the River Aliakmon.
Antimicrobial efficacy and in vivo toxicity studies of a quaternized biopolymeric flocculant
Authors: Khaira Gurpreet Kaur , Ganguli Abhijit , Ghosh Moushumi
Published: December 2014

This study evaluated the antibacterial spectrum and safety of a chemically modified biopolymeric flocculant (TMB) against waterborne pathogens. The biopolymer previously characterized as polysaccharide with flocculating activity is produced extracellularly by the bacterium Klebsiella terrigena. The amino sugars on the polymer were chemically modified by quaternization, which resulted in N,N,N trimethyl biopolymer (TMB). Quaternization was effective in imparting biocidal activity to TMB against five selected waterborne pathogens, namely, Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. 99.999% inactivation was achieved with S. typhimurium at a dose of 60 μg ml−1 of TMB within 60 min at the ambient temperature, followed by other pathogens. Haemotological, histopathological and general examinations indicated no adverse effects in Swiss albino mice fed with the quaternized biopolymer (120 mg kg−1 body weight−1 day−1) over a period of 30 days. These results suggested that TMB was tolerated well without any signs of toxicity and may have potential application as a safe, antimicrobial bioflocculant for both removing and inactivating waterborne pathogens.
Antibiotic resistance in environmental Escherichia coli – a simple screening method for simultaneous typing and resistance determination
Authors: Colque Navarro Patricia , Fernandez Heriberto , Möllby Roland , Otth Laura , Tiodolf Madeleine , Wilson Myra , Kühn Inger
Published: December 2014

We describe a simple and standardised screening system (AREB) for surveillance of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. The system consists of 96 well microplates containing eight sets of breakpoint amounts of 10 different antibiotics. The incubated microplates are read by a desktop scanner and the plate images are analysed by special software that automatically presents the resistance data. The AREB method is combined with a rapid typing method, the PhenePlate system, which yields information on the diversity of the bacteria in the studied samples, and on the possible prevalence of resistant clones. In order to demonstrate the usage of AREB, a comparative study on the resistance situation among 970 Escherichia coli isolates from sewage and recipient water in Sweden, Norway and Chile, was performed. Resistance rates to all antibiotics were markedly higher in hospital sewage than in other samples. Our data indicate that the AREB system is useful for comparing resistance rates among E. coli and other environmental indicator bacteria in different countries/regions. Simple handling and automatic data evaluation, combined with low cost, facilitate large studies involving several thousands of isolates.
(Re)construction of a Teacher´s Professional Identity from his Initial Training: Autobiographical Narration
Authors: González-Calvo Gustavo , I. Barbero-González José , Bores-Calle Nicolás , Martínez-Álvarez Lucio
Published: December 2014

This autobiographical article shows how the initial teacher´s training plays a crucial role in the reconstruction
of his professional identity. Over this period, the teacher begins to analyze, observe and reflect on what he does and how
he does it. This study revolves around three key issues: a) the importance of initial training in the quest for a more fully
human education; b) the importance of initial training in the quest for coeducation; c) the importance of initial training for
teacher educators. The conclusion is clear: a teacher´s professional identity is strongly determined by the initial stages of
his formation, which enable him to build, develop and apply his pedagogical knowledge.
The Effects of Protest Format and Agent Use on Residential Appeals Adjustments
Authors: Plummer Elizabeth
Published: December 2014

This study examines how protest format and use of an agent affect the magnitude of the adjustments obtained in property tax appeals. The sample includes all single-family residential properties in Harris County, Texas for which a property tax protest was filed in 2010 or 2011 (n = 290,022). A protest can be settled in one of three formats: electronically (only when an agent is not used), an informal hearing, or a formal hearing. Because an owner's decision to use an agent is voluntary, I use a two-stage estimation process to help control for potential selection bias. The first-stage probit model is used to generate the predicted probability that an owner will use an agent, while the second-stage Tobit regression models the appeals adjustment as a function of protest format, agent use, control variables, and the selection-bias variable. Empirical results show that when an owner does not use an agent, appeals adjustments for electronic settlements are smaller than for informal settlements, and appeals adjustments for informal settlements are smaller than for formal settlements. When an agent is used, results show the opposite: appeals adjustments for informal settlements are greater than for formal settlements. Results also show that appeals adjustments are smaller when an agent is used compared with owners representing themselves, regardless of whether the hearing is formal or informal. Results are generally consistent with agency problems whereby property tax agents accept suboptimal appeals adjustments. Results from the first-stage probit model provide evidence on factors that affect the likelihood that an owner will use an agent.
Design and combined rail-structure response of a new high speed railway bridge
Authors: Vanderhaeghe Pieter , De Pauw Bart , Thielemans Jonas
Published: December 2014

This paper describes the combined rail-structure response of the northern section of the new high speed rail bypass at Mechelen, starting with the work done in the feasibility stage and continues on to the final design
Construction Sequence Simulation for Partial Cable Stayed Truss Bridge with Single Pylon
Authors: Yongtao Zhang , Xinpeng You , Samec Vanja , Jiang An
Published: December 2014

Qiansimen Bridge, a part of Liangjiang Bridge in Chongqing city in China, is currently under construction by the Chinese contractor CCCC, Second Harbor Engineering Company Ltd. The bridge has been designed by T.Y. Lin International (China) as partially cable stayed bridge with steel truss girders and a single reinforced concrete pylon. The opening of the bridge is planned for July 2014. Each steel truss segment has a length of 16 m and forms an extremely heavy element of the bridge, which cannot be fabricated and erected in one piece. Stay cable forces vary between 10 000 and 15 000 kN during erection phase and in final state. Proper layout and adjustment of cable forces throughout the construction schedule is usually a tedious process. This paper presents an ingenious numerical simulation of the bridge construction sequence, where the erection process is accurately followed up by appropriate techniques. Result of the simulation is an optimized construction sequence of the steel truss, which on the one hand leads to a reasonable stress distribution in the truss elements and on the other hand allows for saving construction costs by avoiding multiple adjustments of stay cable forces during the construction process.
Lateral Dynamic Models for High-Speed Railway Bridges and Vehicles
Authors: Goicolea José M. , Antolín Pablo , Oliva Javier
Published: December 2014

The analysis of the running safety of railway vehicles on viaducts subject to strong lateral actions such as cross winds requires coupled nonlinear vehicle-bridge interaction models, capable to study extreme events. In this paper original models developed by the authors are described, based on finite elements for the structure, multibody and finite element models for the vehicle, and specially developed interaction elements for the interface between wheel and rail. The models have been implemented within ABAQUS and have full nonlinear capabilities for the structure, the vehicle and the contact interface. An application is developed for the Ulla Viaduct, a 105 m tall arch in the Spanish high-speed railway network. The dynamic analyses allow obtaining critical wind curves, which define the running safety conditions for a given train in terms of speed of circulation and wind speed.
Influence of aerodynamic characteristics of H beams on galloping stability
Authors: Gandia Fernando , Meseguer Jose , Sanz Angel
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the experimental study developed on a prismatic beam with “H” section, sometimes used in bridges as suspenders, vertical bars or decks.

The purpose of this study is to understand the physical behavior of the air around this type of section, in order to reduce the aerodynamic loads, the onset speed of galloping and even to avoid it. To achieve this, a study of the influence of all geometric parameters that define the section has been developed. Previously, the most interesting configurations have been selected using a smoke flow visualization technique in the wind-tunnel, then the corresponding static aerodynamic loads were measured, completed with dynamic tests and, finally, the parameters governing the phenomenon of galloping determined.
Time-Dependent Foundation Settlement of Super High-Rise Buildings in Soft Clay Area
Authors: Liu Shehong , Yuan Juyun , Zhao Xin
Published: December 2014

The settlement of foundation includes initial settlement, consolidation settlement and secondary consolidation settlement. By considering the mechanism of foundation settlement and the upper structural properties of time-dependent materials, time-dependent loads and time-dependent structures, the time-dependent rules of foundation settlement in soft clay are investigated in this study. Existing settlement prediction models are further developed, and a stepped loading time- dependent settlement model for the super high-rise buildings in soft clay is proposed. Numerical simulation of a super high-rise building project illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed time- dependent settlement model. The time-dependent settlement model developed in this study provides a foundation for further studies on the time-dependent effects due to the upper structure-foundation- subgrade interaction.
Assessment and Rehabilitaton of the Structure of Existing Reinforced Concrete Tank
Authors: Traykova Marina , Boiadjieva Raina
Published: December 2014

In the 70s of the last century an investment project for a plant for wastewater of the city of Gabrovo (Bulgaria) starts. The project is partially completed and is put into operation in 1984-85. Once built, the tanks for the treatment of the wastewater never operated, respectively not maintained. In 2012- 2013, analysis to already constructed equipments to assess their technical compliance with current regulations, grade of completion and operation in order fully construction and modernization of the equipments is done. That investigation aims to answer about actual state of the tank’s structure and to conclude on the suitability of the structure for the future use

The paper focuses on assessment, numerical modelling, analysis and recommendations for the rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete tanks according the requirements of the new technology for the treatment of the wastewater of the city.
The structural assessment of the partially collapsed Izbor Viaduct
Authors: Wojnarski Lukasz
Published: December 2014

Lukasz is a Structural Engineer, specialising in the design and assessment of bridges. He graduated from the University of Technology in Wroclaw, Poland and joined Arup's Bridges and Civil Structures Team in Solihull, England. Lukasz has extensive international experience and he has worked on projects across Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Africa and Australia.

On Saturday May 6th 2006, the launching of the deck superstructure of the Izbor Viaduct resulted in the partial collapse of the front section of the launched deck. This construction process of launching the deck was aided by a tower and supporting cable-stayed system that was designed to control the deflection of the leading deck section.

Arup was invited by the insurer Generali Global Risk Assicurazioni Generali to provide expert advice on the likely cause of the partial collapse of the Izbor Viaduct during construction.

The paper focuses on the analytical part of the investigation, which was carried out to determine the likely cause of the partial collapse. The material investigation and on-site inspections, which formed a part of the assessment, are not covered in this publication.
Analysis and design of a 45 m long highway bridge constructed using glulam arches
Authors: Nilsson Peter , Ekholm Kristoffer
Published: December 2014

While upgrading Highway 27 in Sweden, a 47,4 m long arch bridge consisting of glulam was built. Due to architectural reasons, the aches were not allowed to be connected to each other above slab level. The moment transmitting joint between the vertical beam hanger and transverse girder results in U-shaped connections between the arches. A 13,9 m spacing of the arches made the design of this structural part challenging. Stability of the arches was especially considered, regarding both in and out of plane buckling due to vertical and horizontal loads. Dynamic factors for the wind load were calculated using a single mode principal. A stress-laminated timber slab made of glulam beams was used as the bridge slab. This glulam - steel hybrid structure consists of approximately 230 000 kg of untreated glulam and approximately 100 000 kg of steel.
Study on Analysis of Thick Plate and Multi-layer Slab with Various Mixed Boundary Conditions
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroshi , Horikawa Toshio , Masuya Hiroshi
Published: December 2014

In this paper, new analytical technique to express partially fixed boundary condition was developed by the method which arranged dummy girders neighbourhood simply supported side. Moreover, the technique to combine with point matching method is proposed, which makes the use to arbitrary range of side possible. Applications to ordinary thin plate theory and hybrid method based on thick plate theory were shown. It was clearly found that several results calculated by this technique coincide finely with previous studies for difficult problems with partially clamped portions. Besides, three-dimensional behaviours about displacement and stress subjected to local loading can be obtained for multi-layer slab with same condition mentioned above. Furthermore, this technique was extended to the thick board problem with the so-called boundary condition of a hybrid model on which the conditions of freedom, simple support, and fixation are intermingled on one support neighbourhood.