bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impaired striatal glutamate/GABA regulation in violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy
Authors: Tully John , Pereira Andreia C. , Sethi Arjun , Griem Julia , Cross Ben , Williams Steve CR , Blair Robert James , Murphy Declan , Blackwood Nigel
Published: February 2024

Men with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with or without psychopathy (+/−P) are responsible for most violent crime in society. Development of effective treatments is hindered by poor understanding of the neurochemical underpinnings of the condition. Men with ASPD with and without psychopathy demonstrate impulsive decision-making, associated with striatal abnormalities in functional neuroimaging studies. However, to date, no study has directly examined the potential neurochemical underpinnings of such abnormalities. We therefore investigated striatal glutamate: GABA ratio using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in 30 violent offenders (16 ASPD-P, 14 ASPD + P) and 21 healthy non-offenders. Men with ASPD +/− P had a significant reduction in striatal glutamate : GABA ratio compared to non-offenders. We report, for the first time, striatal Glutamate/GABA dysregulation in ASPD +/− P, and discuss how this may be related to core behavioral abnormalities in the disorders.
Converting an allocentric goal into an egocentric steering signal
Authors: Mussells Pires Peter , Zhang Lingwei , Parache Victoria , Abbott L. F. , Maimon Gaby
Published: February 2024

Neuronal signals that are relevant for spatial navigation have been described in many species1–10. However, a circuit-level understanding of how such signals interact to guide navigational behaviour is lacking. Here we characterize a neuronal circuit in the Drosophila central complex that compares internally generated estimates of the heading and goal angles of the fly—both of which are encoded in world-centred (allocentric) coordinates—to generate a body-centred (egocentric) steering signal. Past work has suggested that the activity of EPG neurons represents the fly’s moment-to-moment angular orientation, or heading angle, during navigation2,11. An animal’s moment-to-moment heading angle, however, is not always aligned with its goal angle—that is, the allocentric direction in which it wishes to progress forward. We describe FC2 cells12, a second set of neurons in the Drosophila brain with activity that correlates with the fly’s goal angle. Focal optogenetic activation of FC2 neurons induces flies to orient along experimenter-defined directions as they walk forward. EPG and FC2 neurons connect monosynaptically to a third neuronal class, PFL3 cells12,13. We found that individual PFL3 cells show conjunctive, spike-rate tuning to both the heading angle and the goal angle during goal-directed navigation. Informed by the anatomy and physiology of these three cell classes, we develop a model that explains how this circuit compares allocentric heading and goal angles to build an egocentric steering signal in the PFL3 output terminals. Quantitative analyses and optogenetic manipulations of PFL3 activity support the model. Finally, using a new navigational memory task, we show that flies expressing disruptors of synaptic transmission in subsets of PFL3 cells have a reduced ability to orient along arbitrary goal directions, with an effect size in quantitative accordance with the prediction of our model. The biological circuit described here reveals how two population-level allocentric signals are compared in the brain to produce an egocentric output signal that is appropriate for motor control.
Light-driven nanoscale vectorial currents
Authors: Pettine Jacob , Padmanabhan Prashant , Shi Teng , Gingras Lauren , McClintock Luke , Chang Chun-Chieh , Kwock Kevin W. C. , Yuan Long , Huang Yue , Nogan John , Baldwin Jon K. , Adel Peter , Holzwarth Ronald , Azad Abul K. , Ronning Filip , Taylor Antoinette J. , Prasankumar Rohit P. , Lin Shi-Zeng , Chen Hou-Tong
Published: February 2024

Controlled charge flows are fundamental to many areas of science and technology, serving as carriers of energy and information, as probes of material properties and dynamics1 and as a means of revealing2,3 or even inducing4,5 broken symmetries. Emerging methods for light-based current control5–16 offer particularly promising routes beyond the speed and adaptability limitations of conventional voltage-driven systems. However, optical generation and manipulation of currents at nanometre spatial scales remains a basic challenge and a crucial step towards scalable optoelectronic systems for microelectronics and information science. Here we introduce vectorial optoelectronic metasurfaces in which ultrafast light pulses induce local directional charge flows around symmetry-broken plasmonic nanostructures, with tunable responses and arbitrary patterning down to subdiffractive nanometre scales. Local symmetries and vectorial currents are revealed by polarization-dependent and wavelength-sensitive electrical readout and terahertz (THz) emission, whereas spatially tailored global currents are demonstrated in the direct generation of elusive broadband THz vector beams17. We show that, in graphene, a detailed interplay between electrodynamic, thermodynamic and hydrodynamic degrees of freedom gives rise to rapidly evolving nanoscale driving forces and charge flows under the extremely spatially and temporally localized excitation. These results set the stage for versatile patterning and optical control over nanoscale currents in materials diagnostics, THz spectroscopies, nanomagnetism and ultrafast information processing.
Successful xenotransplantation of testicular cells following fractionated chemotherapy of recipient birds
Authors: Blank Marcel Henrique , Kawaoku Allison Jun Taguchi , Rui Bruno Rogério , Carreira Ana Claudia Oliveira , Hamilton Thais Rose dos Santos , Goissis Marcelo Demarchi , Pereira Ricardo José Garcia
Published: February 2024

An essential step in the success of germ cell transplantation is the preparation of the recipient’s testicular environment to increase the availability of stem cell niches. However, most methods for this purpose in birds face serious limitations such as partial germ cell depletion, high toxicity and mortality, or the need to use expensive technologies. Here, we validated a simple and practical technique of transferring quail testicular cells into chicken testes depleted of endogenous spermatozoa by fractioned chemotherapy (20 mg/kg/week busulfan for 5 weeks). This protocol resulted in a very low mortality of the treated day-old chicks and, despite maintenance of androgenic activity, sperm production was decreased by 84.3% at 25 weeks of age. NANOG immunostaining revealed that very few to no germ cells were present following treatment with 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. RT-qPCR data also showed that c-MYC and NANOG expression declined in these treatments, but GRFα1 and BID expressions remained unaltered among groups. After xenotransplantation, quail germ cells were immunodetected in chicken testes using a species-specific antibody (QCPN), and quail ovalbumin DNA was found in seminal samples collected from chicken recipients. Together, these data confirm that fractionated administration of busulfan in hatchlings is a practical, effective, and safe protocol to prepare recipient male birds capable of supporting xenogeneic spermatogenesis.
Psychedelics and sexual functioning: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Barba Tommaso , Kettner Hannes , Radu Caterina , Peill Joseph M. , Roseman Leor , Nutt David J. , Erritzoe David , Carhart-Harris Robin , Giribaldi Bruna
Published: February 2024

Do psychedelics affect sexual functioning postacutely? Anecdotal and qualitative evidence suggests they do, but this has never been formally tested. While sexual functioning and satisfaction are generally regarded as an important aspect of human wellbeing, sexual dysfunction is a common symptom of mental health disorders. It is also a common side effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a first line treatment for depression. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the post-acute effects of psychedelics on self-reported sexual functioning, combining data from two independent studies, one large and naturalistic and the other a smaller but controlled clinical trial. Naturalistic use of psychedelics was associated with improvements in several facets of sexual functioning and satisfaction, including improved pleasure and communication during sex, satisfaction with one’s partner and physical appearance. Convergent results were found in a controlled trial of psilocybin therapy versus an SSRI, escitalopram, for depression. In this trial, patients treated with psilocybin reported positive changes in sexual functioning after treatment, while patients treated with escitalopram did not. Despite focusing on different populations and settings, this is the first research study to quantitively investigate the effects of psychedelics on sexual functioning. Results imply a potential positive effect on post-acute sexual functioning and highlight the need for more research on this.
Movements and spatial distribution of an endangered fish (Sciaena umbra) within a marine protected area
Authors: Marques R. , Brazo A. , Aspillaga E. , Zimmermann M. , Hereu B. , Saragoni G. , Mercière A. , Crec’Hriou R. , Mercader M. , Verdoit-Jarraya M. , Cadène F. , Lenfant Philippe
Published: February 2024

The brown meagre (Sciaena umbra) is an endangered species, which requires specific protection measures to ensure its conservation. These measures need to be informed by high-quality scientific knowledge on their space use patterns. Here, we used acoustic telemetry to assess its seasonal movement patterns and habitat use within a marine protected area (MPA). Our results suggested that S. umbra is a highly sedentary species (home range < 1.0 km2) and, therefore, the MPA is extensive enough to protect the local population. Their population was discretely distributed in two main areas within the MPA, which was likely a result of habitat segregation and density-dependent movements. The temporal variability of their movements further uncovered when and where spawning occurs (mainly, but probably not only, in the fully protected area in June) and indicated that spillover of this species is limited but still possible. Overall, we highlight the importance of MPAs in the recovery of S. umbra, we advocate the need to perpetuate the current national fishing bans and extend it to other countries in the Mediterranean region, and we emphasize that considering the fine-scale movements of S. umbra in future management actions is key to achieving a successful recovery of their populations.
Investigating the impact of Wnt pathway-related genes on biomarker and diagnostic model development for osteoporosis in postmenopausal females
Authors: Lai Jinzhi , Yang Hainan , Huang Jingshan , He Lijiang
Published: February 2024

The Wnt signaling pathway is essential for bone development and maintaining skeletal homeostasis, making it particularly relevant in osteoporosis patients. Our study aimed to identify distinct molecular clusters associated with the Wnt pathway and develop a diagnostic model for osteoporosis in postmenopausal Caucasian women. We downloaded three datasets (GSE56814, GSE56815 and GSE2208) related to osteoporosis from the GEO database. Our analysis identified a total of 371 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between low and high bone mineral density (BMD) groups, with 12 genes associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, referred to as osteoporosis-associated Wnt pathway-related genes. Employing four independent machine learning models, we established a diagnostic model using the 12 osteoporosis-associated Wnt pathway-related genes in the training set. The XGB model showed the most promising discriminative potential. We further validate the predictive capability of our diagnostic model by applying it to three external datasets specifically related to osteoporosis. Subsequently, we constructed a diagnostic nomogram based on the five crucial genes identified from the XGB model. In addition, through the utilization of DGIdb, we identified a total of 30 molecular compounds or medications that exhibit potential as promising therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. In summary, our comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the relationship between the osteoporosis and Wnt signaling pathway.
Investigating the individual and combined effects of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C on CLP-induced cardiac injury in rats
Authors: Üstündağ Hilal , Demir Özlem , Huyut Mehmet Tahir , Yüce Neslihan
Published: February 2024

Sepsis-induced cardiac injury represents a major clinical challenge, amplifying the urgency for effective therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to delve into the individual and combined prophylactic effects of Vitamin C (Vit C) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) against inflammatory heart injury in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced polymicrobial sepsis rat model. Thirty adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control, CLP, Vitamin C, CoQ10, and Vit C + CoQ10, each consisting of six rats. Treatments were administered orally via gavage for 10 days prior to the operation. Eighteen hours post-sepsis induction, the animals were euthanized, and specimens were collected for analysis. The study examined variations in oxidative (TOS, OSI, MDA, MPO) and antioxidative markers (TAS, SOD, CAT, GSH), histopathological changes, inflammatory cytokine concentrations (TNF-α, IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) dynamics, and cardiac indicators such as CK-MB. Impressively, the combined regimen markedly diminished oxidative stress, and antioxidative parameters reflected notable enhancements. Elevated NO levels, a central player in sepsis-driven inflammatory cascades, were effectively tempered by our intervention. Histological examinations corroborated the biochemical data, revealing diminished cardiac tissue damage in treated subjects. Furthermore, a marked suppression in pro-inflammatory cytokines was discerned, solidifying the therapeutic potential of our intervention. Interestingly, in certain evaluations, CoQ10 exhibited superior benefits over Vit C. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential therapeutic promise of Vit C and CoQ10 combination against septic cardiac injuries in rats.
Activated FGFR2 signalling as a biomarker for selection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients candidate to FGFR targeted therapies
Authors: Brandi Giovanni , Relli Valeria , Deserti Marzia , Palloni Andrea , Indio Valentina , Astolfi Annalisa , Serravalle Salvatore , Mattiaccio Alessandro , Vasuri Francesco , Malvi Deborah , Deiana Chiara , Pantaleo Maria Abbondanza , Cescon Matteo , Rizzo Alessandro , Katoh Masaru , Tavolari Simona
Published: February 2024

FGFR inhibitors have been developed to inhibit FGFR activation and signal transduction; notwithstanding, currently the selection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) patients for these drugs only relies on the detection of FGFR2 genetic alterations (GAs) in tumor tissues or circulating tumor DNAs, without concomitant assessment of FGFR2 signalling status. Accordingly, we performed multi-omic analyses of FGFR2 genes and FGFR2 signalling molecules in the tissue samples from 36 iCCA naïve patients. Gain-of-function FGFR2 GAs were detected in 7 patients, including missense mutations (n = 3; p.F276C, p.C382R and p.Y375C), translocations (n = 1) and copy number gain (n = 4; CNV ≥ 4). In contrast, among 29 patients with wild-type FGFR2, 4 cases showed activation of FGFR2 signalling, as they expressed the FGFR2 ligand FGF10 and phosphorylated FGFR2/FRS2α proteins; the remaining 25 cases resulted negative for activated FGFR2 signalling, as they lacked FGFR2 (n = 8) or phosphorylated FRS2α (n = 17) expression. Overall, we found that activation of FGFR2 signalling occurs not only in iCCA naïve patients with FGFR2 GAs, but also in a subgroup carrying wild-type FGFR2. This last finding entails that also this setting of patients could benefit from FGFR targeted therapies, widening indication of these drugs for iCCA patients beyond current approval. Future clinical studies are therefore encouraged to confirm this hypothesis.
Association of dietary niacin intake with the prevalence and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Li Wen-Wen , Ren Kun-Lun , Yu Jia , Guo Hai-Sheng , Liu Ben-Hong , Sun Yang
Published: February 2024

Evidence regarding the association between dietary niacin intake and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited. Our study investigates the relationship between dietary niacin intake and the prevalance and incidence of COPD in the adult population of the United States, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2018. Data on niacin intake were extracted through dietary intake interviews. COPD diagnoses were based on lung function, medical history, and medication usage. We analyzed the association between niacin consumption and COPD using multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models. The study included 7055 adult participants, divided into COPD (n = 243; 3.44%) and non-COPD (n = 6812; 96.56%) groups. Those with COPD had lower average niacin intake (21.39 ± 0.62 mg/day) compared to the non-COPD group (25.29 ± 0.23 mg/day, p < 0.001). In the adjusted multivariable model, the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for COPD in the highest versus lowest quartile of dietary niacin intake were 0.55 (0.33 to 0.89, P for trend = 0.009). Subgroup analysis, after adjustment for various variables, revealed no significant interaction effects. Dietary niacin intake was inversely associated with COPD prevalence in US adults. Participants with the highest dietary niacin intake demonstrated the lowest odds of COPD. The potential of dietary niacin supplementation as a strategy to mitigate COPD warrants further investigation.
Re-irradiation for isolated neck recurrence in head and neck tumor: impact of rN category
Authors: Yamazaki Hideya , Suzuki Gen , Aibe Norihiro , Shiomi Hiroya , Oh Ryoong-jin , Yoshida Ken , Nakamura Satoaki , Konishi Koji , Matsuyama Tomohiko , Ogita Mikio
Published: February 2024

Unresectable, isolated lymph node recurrence after radiotherapy is rare but a candidate for re-irradiation. However, severe toxicity is anticipated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the efficacy and toxicity of re-irradiation in isolated lymph node recurrence of head and neck lesions. We analyzed 46 patients who received re-irradiation for lymph node recurrence without local progression. The primary tumor sites included the oral cavity in 17 patients, the hypopharynx in 12, the oropharynx in seven, the larynx in three, the nasopharynx in two, and other sites. During a median follow-up time of 10 months, the median survival time was 10.6 months, and the 1-year overall survival rate was 45.5%. The 1-year local control and progression-free survival rates were 49.8% and 39.3%, respectively. According to univariate analysis, age (≥ 65 years), the interval between treatment (≥ 12 months), rN category (rN1), and gross tumor volume (GTV < 25 cm3) were predisposing factors for better survival. In the multivariate analysis, the rN category and interval were identified as statistically significant predictors. Late toxicity grade ≥ 3 occurred in four patients (8.6%). These were all Grade 5 carotid blowout syndrome, which associated with tumor invasion of the carotid artery and/ or high doses administration for the carotid artery. Small-volume rN1 tumor that recur after a longer interval is a feasible candidate for re-irradiation. However, strict patient selection and meticulous care for the carotid are required.
Naturalization and invasion potential of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. recorded as alien species in Egypt
Authors: Heneidy Selim Z. , Bidak Laila M. , Halmy Marwa Waseem A. , Fakhry Amal M. , Toto Soliman M. , El Kenany Eman T.
Published: February 2024

Sesuvium portulacastrum is a perennial halophyte of family Aizoaceae, non-native to Egypt, which was introduced from France ten years ago as an ornamental species. This study reports the detection of S. portulacastrum in the wild in Egypt. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Alexandria University (ALEX). A population of the species was recorded in the wild near Maruit Lake in the north-western coast of Egypt in 2018 during plant resources surveys of the region. The study aimed to assess the potential for S. portulacastrum to spread as an alien species through field observations and geospatial measurements under current conditions in its new habitat. The measured morphological parameters were higher than those recorded in its native habitats. The field observation for three years revealed that the species is proliferating and expanding in the investigated site forming large mats of mean size of up to 9 m2. The spatial extent of S. portulacastrum based on the EOO and AOO was quantified, and the expansion rate was estimated at 0.16 ha/year in the investigated site. The geospatial parameter used in the study will not only help in determining the spread rate of the alien species spatially and temporally, but also in its effective management through guiding managers in developing monitoring plans for the species under the changing climate uncertainty. Continuous monitoring and early detection of any potential threats of the introduced species are highly recommended, to avert any potential adverse impacts on native biodiversity and assess its behaviour in the wild habitat.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among Japanese healthcare workers from 2020 to 2022 as assayed by two commercial kits
Authors: Yan Yan , Saito Kaori , Naito Toshio , Ito Kanami , Nojiri Shuko , Horiuchi Yuki , Deshpande Gautam A. , Yokokawa Hirohide , Tabe Yoko
Published: February 2024

Antibody tests are used as surveillance tools for informing health policy making. However, results may vary by type of antibody assay and timing of sample collection following infection. Long-term longitudinal cohort studies on antibody assay seropositivity have remained limited, especially among Asian populations. Using blood samples obtained at health physicals (2020–2022) of healthcare workers (mass vaccinated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines) at a Japanese medical center, we measured N-specific antibodies using two commercially available systems. Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 measures total antibodies and Abbott Alinity SARS-CoV-2 IgG measures only IgG. Among 2538 participants, seroprevalence was found to be 16.6% via total antibody assay versus 12.9% by IgG-only (including grayzone) by mid-June 2022. For 219 cases with a previous PCR-confirmed infection, positivity was 97.3% using total antibody assay versus 76.3% using IgG-only assay at the 2022 health physical. Using PCR positive test date as day 0, while the positivity of the total antibody assay was retained for the entire study period (until more than 24-months post-infection), the IgG-only assay’s positivity declined after month 4. The Mantel–Haenszel test found a significant difference in the two assays’ seropositivity, between stratified groups of “within 3 months” and “4 months or more” from infection (P < 0.001). Our study found significant differences in seropositivity over time of total antibody versus IgG-only assays, suggesting an optimal assay for retaining sensitivity over the entire infection period when designing seroprevalence studies.
A new bio imagery user-friendly tool for automatic morphometry measurement on muscle cell cultures and histological sections
Authors: Brun Aurélien , Mougeot Guillaume , Denis Philippe , Collin Marie Laure , Pouchin Pierre , Montaurier Christophe , Walrand Stéphane , Capel Frédéric , Gueugneau Marine
Published: February 2024

TRUEFAD (TRUE Fiber Atrophy Distinction) is a bioimagery user-friendly tool developed to allow consistent and automatic measurement of myotube diameter in vitro, muscle fiber size and type using rodents and human muscle biopsies. This TRUEFAD package was set up to standardize and dynamize muscle research via easy-to-obtain images run on an open-source plugin for FIJI. We showed here both the robustness and the performance of our pipelines to correctly segment muscle cells and fibers. We evaluated our pipeline on real experiment image sets and showed consistent reliability across images and conditions. TRUEFAD development makes possible systematical and rapid screening of substances impacting muscle morphology for helping scientists focus on their hypothesis rather than image analysis.
Multi-instance learning based lung nodule system for assessment of CT quality after small-field-of-view reconstruction
Authors: Ma Yanqing , Cao Hanbo , Li Jie , Lin Mu , Gong Xiangyang , Lin Yi
Published: February 2024

Small-field-of-view reconstruction CT images (sFOV-CT) increase the pixel density across airway structures and reduce partial volume effects. Multi-instance learning (MIL) is proposed as a weakly supervised machine learning method, which can automatically assess the image quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disparities between conventional CT (c-CT) and sFOV-CT images using a lung nodule system based on MIL and assessments from radiologists. 112 patients who underwent chest CT were retrospectively enrolled in this study between July 2021 to March 2022. After undergoing c-CT examinations, sFOV-CT images with small-field-of-view were reconstructed. Two radiologists analyzed all c-CT and sFOV-CT images, including features such as location, nodule type, size, CT values, and shape signs. Then, an MIL-based lung nodule system objectively analyzed the c-CT (c-MIL) and sFOV-CT (sFOV-MIL) to explore their differences. The signal-to-noise ratio of lungs (SNR-lung) and contrast-to-noise ratio of nodules (CNR-nodule) were calculated to evaluate the quality of CT images from another perspective. The subjective evaluation by radiologists showed that feature of minimal CT value (p = 0.019) had statistical significance between c-CT and sFOV-CT. However, most features (all with p < 0.05), except for nodule type, location, volume, mean CT value, and vacuole sign (p = 0.056–1.000), had statistical differences between c-MIL and sFOV-MIL by MIL system. The SNR-lung between c-CT and sFOV-CT had no statistical significance, while the CNR-nodule showed statistical difference (p = 0.007), and the CNR of sFOV-CT was higher than that of c-CT. In detecting the difference between c-CT and sFOV-CT, features extracted by the MIL system had more statistical differences than those evaluated by radiologists. The image quality of those two CT images was different, and the CNR-nodule of sFOV-CT was higher than that of c-CT.
Convergence and equilibrium in molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Ormeño Franco , General Ignacio J.
Published: February 2024

Molecular dynamics is a powerful tool that has been long used for the simulation of biomolecules. It complements experiments, by providing detailed information about individual atomic motions. But there is an essential and often overlooked assumption that, left unchecked, could invalidate any results from it: is the simulated trajectory long enough, so that the system has reached thermodynamic equilibrium, and the measured properties are converged? Previous studies showed mixed results in relation to this assumption. This has profound implications, as the resulting simulated trajectories may not be reliable in predicting equilibrium properties. Yet, this is precisely what most molecular dynamics studies do. So the question arises: are these studies even valid?Here, we present a thorough analysis of up to a hundred microseconds long trajectories, of several system with varying size, to probe the convergence of different structural, dynamical and cumulative properties, and elaborate on the relevance of the concept of equilibrium, and its physical and biological meaning. The results show that properties with the most biological interest tend to converge in multi-microsecond trajectories, although other properties–like transition rates to low probability conformations–may require more time.
Advancing neighbourhood climate action: opportunities, challenges and way ahead
Authors: Joshi Neelakshi , Agrawal Sandeep , Ambury Hana , Parida Debadutta
Published: February 2024

Cities are emerging as key sites for action on climate change. Within cities, urban neighbourhoods are increasingly taking leadership in addressing local effects of climate change through mitigation and adaptation programs. Bottom-up action on climate change through neighbourhood scale programs presents opportunities in terms of getting the community to partner and participate in climate action. However, neighbourhood scale programs often run into challenges in terms of limited participation, impact and resources to keep the programs running. In this paper, we advance the literature on the opportunities and challenges of neighbourhood scale climate action. We do so by analysing three neighbourhood scale programs that address climate action in Canada and in Australia. We adopt online workshops as a research methodology where volunteers from the three programs share their experiences of opportunities and ways of overcoming challenges of neighbourhood climate action. Our findings illustrate that collaborative governance between the city and the neighbourhoods, incremental community building and consolidating local resources are important for advancing neighbourhood climate action. This paper adds to the thin body of knowledge on neighbourhood scale climate action and presents ways of overcoming the challenges of bottom-up climate action.
A microneedle patch realizes weight loss through photothermal induction of fat browning
Authors: Gao Zichun , Liu Yixuan , Lin Wenjiao , Lian He , Meng Zhaoxu
Published: February 2024

Hyaluronic acid microneedles loaded with polydopamine nanoparticles induce fat browning, offering innovative localized obesity treatment.
Tuning conductivity while maintaining mechanical properties in perylene bisimide hydrogels at physiological pH
Authors: Jimenez Juan Antonio Mena , Egan Jacquelyn , Randle Rebecca I. , Rezig Amina Omelbanine , Orimolade Benjamin O. , Ginesi Rebecca E. , Schweins Ralf , Riehle Mathis O. , Draper Emily R.
Published: February 2024

By using different salts as a method to achieve gelation of two different amino-acid-functionalised perylene bisimides, we were able to tune reduction potentials while maintaining the mechanical and optical properties of the system all at pH 7.4.
Recent advanced strategies for bimetallenes toward electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions
Authors: Sanati Soheila , Wang Qiyou , Abazari Reza , Liu Min
Published: February 2024

Designing low-dimensional nanomaterials is vital to address the energy and environmental crisis by means of electrocatalytic conversion reactions.
Electrochemical multicomponent [2+2+1] cascade cyclization of enaminones and primary amines towards the synthesis of 4-acylimidazoles
Authors: Wang Mingxu , Gao Ying , Zhao Xiao-Jing , Gao Lu , He Yonghui
Published: February 2024

Herein, we describe a challenging electrochemical multicomponent [2+2+1] cascade cyclization of enaminones with primary amines used for the synthesis of acylimidazoles under undivided electrolytic conditions at room temperature.
An intrinsic electrical conductivity study of perovskite powders MAPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl) to investigate its effect on their photovoltaic performance
Authors: Ullah Shafi , Andrio Andreu , Marí-Guaita Julia , Ullah Hanif , Méndez-Blas Antonio , del Castillo Vázquez Roxana M. , Mari Bernabé , Compañ Vicente
Published: February 2024

An investigation into the intrinsic electrical conductivity of perovskite powders MAPbX3, where X represents iodine (I), bromine (Br), or chlorine (Cl), was conducted to explore its impact on their photovoltaic performance.
What governs magnetic exchange couplings in radical-bridged dinuclear complexes?
Authors: David Grégoire , Duplaix-Rata Gwenhaël , Le Guennic Boris
Published: February 2024

The decomposition/recomposition method is generalised to systems regardless of the number of magnetic centres and unpaired electrons. The method is used to study magnetic exchange couplings in three series of metal–radical–metal-based compounds.
Generalized kekulenes and clarenes as novel families of cycloarenes: structures, stability, and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Du Ke , Wang Yang
Published: February 2024

Two novel cycloarene families, generalized kekulenes and clarenes, are proposed. Their structures, stability and spectroscopic properties are comprehensively studied using DFT calculations.
A review of research progress and prospects of modified two-dimensional catalysts based on black phosphorus in the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: He Tongzhuang , Wei Lihai , Wang Yao , Huang Huabo , Jiang Qianqian , Tang Jianguo
Published: February 2024

In two-dimensional ORR catalysts such as black phosphorus (BP), modified heterostructures accelerate charge transfer. The substrate provides more active sites. This reduces dependence on precious metals and improves catalytic performance.
Enhanced plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer of resistance genes across bacterial species promoted by graphene oxide
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Fang Jin , Liu Huijun , Li Zhiheng , Liu Lijuan , Du Shaoting
Published: February 2024

We analyzed the plasmid-mediated transfer frequency between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria at different GO concentrations to unveil its impact on conjugative transfer of ARGs.
A general Fe-catalysed azidation of iododifluoroketones and its utilization for the synthesis of gem-difluoromethylenated triazoles
Authors: Wang Xia , Liu Shixun , Xu Shibo , Wu Shiguang , Wu Jingjing , Wu Fanhong
Published: February 2024

An iron-catalysed radical azidation of iododifluoroketones with TMSN3 was developed under mild conditions to provide a concise synthesis of α-difluoroalkylazides, which could be transformed into the useful N–CF2 triazoles via the CuAAC reaction.
Morphology controlled synthesis of Fe3+-doped upconversion nanomaterials
Authors: Huang Fuhua , Liu Cong , Zhao Zhuoya , Wang Li , Zhang Jinglai , Ågren Hans , Widengren Jerker , Liu Haichun
Published: February 2024

This work details the synthesis of paramagnetic upconversion nanoparticles doped with Fe3+ in various morphologies via a thermal decomposition method, followed by comprehensive characterization using diverse analytical techniques.
Biobran-loaded core/shell nanofibrous scaffold: a promising wound dressing candidate
Authors: Kenawy El-Refaie , El-Moaty Mohammed S. A. , Ghoneum Mamdooh , Soliman Hesham M. A. , El-Shanshory Ahmed A. , Shendy S.
Published: February 2024

Biobran encapsulated PCL/PVA core shell nanofibers.
ε-Polylysine organic ultra-long room-temperature phosphorescent materials based on phosphorescent molecule doping
Authors: Cui Jiaying , Ali Syed Husnain , Shen Zhuoyao , Xu Wensheng , Liu Jiayi , Li Pengxiang , Li Yang , Chen Ligong , Wang Bowei
Published: February 2024

A series of ε-polylysine-based room-temperature phosphorescent materials were constructed by simple doping, which realized the characteristics of ultra-long life, adjustable colour, and excitation- and time-dependent afterglows.
One-pot synthesis of biomass-derived porous carbons for multipurpose energy applications
Authors: Shen Yafei , Zhu Yupeng
Published: February 2024

This paper describes the progress and future challenges in the one-step carbonization and activation of biomass to porous carbons for diverse energy applications in terms of CO2 capture, energy storage and conversion.
A hierarchical nano-MoS2 flake/micro-MXene lamellar complex structure within a carbon coating for rapid sodium-ion storage
Authors: Wen Bingjie , Kong Nizao , Huang Min , Fu Liqin , Tian Yexin , Liu Zhixiao , Wang Zhongchao , Yang Lezhi , Han Fei
Published: February 2024

A hierarchical nano-MoS2/micron-MXene composite is designed by a pre-intercalation–sulphuration concept and a polypyrrole-derived carbon “protective framework”. The MSVC@C anode exhibits a high capacity and a prominent rate performance for SIBs.
Bidirectional electron transfer boosts Li–CO2 electrochemistry
Authors: Shu Pengfei , Peng Qiong , Luo Tingting , Ding Junfei , Gong Xiu , Zhou Jian , Yu Yadong , Qi Xiaosi , Sun Zhimei
Published: February 2024

Regarding the controversial issue of CO2 activation on metal-based catalysts, a novel “bidirectional electron transfer” mechanism was unraveled.
Exchange bias mediated self-biased magnetoelectric coupling in Co–BaTiO3 composites
Authors: Revathy Ramany , Nair Anoop Ajaya Kumar , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Varma Manoj Raama , Surendran Kuzhichalil Peethambharan
Published: February 2024

The magnetoelectric composites of ferromagnetic cobalt (Co) with various morphologies and ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO).
A molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical sensor based on an rGO/MoSSe heterojunction for the detection of chlortetracycline
Authors: Huang Wanjin , Tang Shufei , Xiao Wei , Chen Yafei , Li Lijun , Li Jianping
Published: February 2024

A reduced graphene oxide/molybdenum selenosulfide (rGO/MoSSe) heterojunction was synthesized, and a molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical sensor for the detection of chlortetracycline was prepared.
Arbuzov meets 1,2-oxaphosphetanes: transient 1,2-oxaphosphetan-2-iums as an entry point to beta-halo phosphane oxides and P-containing oligomers
Authors: Gleim Florian , Schnakenburg Gregor , Ferao Arturo Espinosa , Streubel Rainer
Published: February 2024

Where to go? Synthesis and reactions of a C-unsubstituted 1,2σ3λ3-oxaphosphetane with alkyl halides are described, forming β-halo phosphane oxides in an Arbuzov-type reaction. In the case of methyl triflate, oligomerization was observed.
4,5-Diiodo-1-H-imidazole-derived linker ligand and Cu(i) and Co(ii) coordination polymers based thereupon
Authors: Zaguzin Alexander S. , Zaitsev Artem V. , Korobeynikov Nikita A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Usoltsev Andrey N. , Fedin Vladimir P. , Adonin Sergey A.
Published: February 2024

A new iodine-rich imidazole derivative 1,4-bis(4,5-diiodo-1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane (bimbI4, 1) features multiple I⋯I interactions in the solid state.
Inorganic polyphosphate: from basic research to diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in ALS/FTD
Authors: Garcés Polett , Amaro Armando , Montecino Martin , van Zundert Brigitte
Published: February 2024

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a simple, negatively charged biopolymer with chain lengths ranging from just a few to over a thousand ortho-phosphate (Pi) residues. polyP is detected in every cell type across all organisms in nature thus far analyzed. Despite its structural simplicity, polyP has been shown to play important roles in a remarkably broad spectrum of biological processes, including blood coagulation, bone mineralization and inflammation. Furthermore, polyP has been implicated in brain function and the neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we first address the challenges associated with identifying mammalian polyP metabolizing enzymes, such as Nudt3, and quantifying polyP levels in brain tissue, cultured neural cells and cerebrospinal fluid. Subsequently, we focus on recent studies that unveil how the excessive release of polyP by human and mouse ALS/FTD astrocytes contributes to these devastating diseases by inducing hyperexcitability, leading to motoneuron death. Potential implications of elevated polyP levels in ALS/FTD patients for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are explored. It is emphasized, however, that caution is required in targeting polyP in the brain due to its diverse physiological functions, serving as an energy source, a chelator for divalent cations and a scaffold for amyloidogenic proteins. Reducing polyP levels, especially in neurons, might thus have adverse effects in brain functioning. Finally, we discuss how activated mast cells and platelets also can significantly contribute to ALS progression, as they can massively release polyP.
All who wander are not lost: the search for homology during homologous recombination
Authors: Hu Jingyi , Crickard J. Brooks
Published: February 2024

Homologous recombination (HR) is a template-based DNA double-strand break repair pathway that functions to maintain genomic integrity. A vital component of the HR reaction is the identification of template DNA to be used during repair. This occurs through a mechanism known as the homology search. The homology search occurs in two steps: a collision step in which two pieces of DNA are forced to collide and a selection step that results in homologous pairing between matching DNA sequences. Selection of a homologous template is facilitated by recombinases of the RecA/Rad51 family of proteins in cooperation with helicases, translocases, and topoisomerases that determine the overall fidelity of the match. This menagerie of molecular machines acts to regulate critical intermediates during the homology search. These intermediates include recombinase filaments that probe for short stretches of homology and early strand invasion intermediates in the form of displacement loops (D-loops) that stabilize paired DNA. Here, we will discuss recent advances in understanding how these specific intermediates are regulated on the molecular level during the HR reaction. We will also discuss how the stability of these intermediates influences the ultimate outcomes of the HR reaction. Finally, we will discuss recent physiological models developed to explain how the homology search protects the genome.
Speech Science as the Foundation for Voice and Motor Speech Disorders
Authors: McHenry Monica A. , Grover Vikas
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Physiological concepts can be effectively taught in speech science. These will serve as the foundation for understanding the physiological changes associated with neurogenic and voice disorders. In this tutorial, relevant concepts are highlighted across the respiratory, phonatory, velopharyngeal, and articulatory systems. Student activities and illustrative videos are presented. The culminating activity is based on a speech sample of an individual with moderate flaccid–spastic dysarthria. Students relate the physiological changes associated with dysarthria to the acoustic outcomes.

Conclusions:

Although traditionally speech science focuses on acoustics, this tutorial provides guidance on shaping the class to highlight the physiology underlying the acoustics. In this manner, students more easily see the clinical relevance.
A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Caregivers' Experiences With Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Their Collaboration With School Professionals
Authors: Kim John , Soto Gloria
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Parent engagement and involvement is essential for the successful implementation of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems in the home. The purpose of the current study is to gain a deeper understanding of caregivers' experiences with AAC systems and their collaboration with school professionals during the implementation of AAC, which may have led to subsequent abandonment.

Method:

This review intentionally included qualitative studies that employed semistructured interviews, focus groups, and ethnographic investigations that documented the experiences and perceptions of families implementing AAC at home. Electronic database search, ancestral search, and forward search procedures resulted in a total of 27 peer-reviewed studies portraying the voices of 319 caregivers.

Results:

An inductive analysis was conducted to record recurring themes into codes. The codes were thematically synthesized into three main themes: (a) the family unit, (b) the service providers, and (c) the AAC system.

Conclusions:

The results emphasized the need for participatory practices of family involvement in co-constructing a collaborative AAC service provision. Future research directions should implement this practice and explore the outcomes of this process to validate its efficacy.
Modelling and simulation study on dynamic pollution accumulation process of composite insulator
Authors: Yang Zhongyi , Liu Dongxiong , Zeng Xiangjun , Fan Caijin , Yang Xin , Huang Yafei
Published: February 2024

With the widespread application of composite insulators in transmission lines, exploring the accumulation mechanism of pollution particles on composite insulator surfaces is of importance to ensure the safe and steady operation of the power system. Addressing the current theoretical shortcomings, this study categorises the accumulation process of particles on the insulator surface into three stages, namely ‘spatial motion’, ‘surface collision’, and ‘surface motion’. The motion and rotation velocities in a multi‐physics field are calculated in the spatial motion stage. In the surface collision stage, a parameter called ‘neck height’ is introduced to determine the optimum mechanics theory, and the normal deposition criterion is established. For the surface motion stage, the sliding displacement and rolling displacement on the surface are calculated based on the rotation speed of the particles. A dynamic pollution accumulation model of the composite insulator is established based on the normal deposition criterion and tangential displacement. Finally, numerical simulations are performed by using the finite element method. Simulation results show that the proposed model agrees with the actual insulator pollution accumulation, and the deposition model is still applicable for various types of composite insulators operating in different applied voltages. The deposition probability of particles increases with the increasing particle size. In the surface motion stage, particle displacement increases with particle size and wind velocity.
Investigation of the Effects of Temperature and Catalyst on the Liquid Products of Waste Lubricant Oil Catalytic Pyrolysis
Authors: Musadi Maya R. , Salma Siti , Rozada Faza , Rifda Annisaa Nazhifa , Lucyana Anissa , Faulina Fanny , Khalid Farhan
Published: February 2024

Catalytic pyrolysis is the process in which organic materials undergo catalytic thermal decomposition in the absence of oxygen. In this study, catalytic pyrolysis was conducted by heating waste lubricant oil in a modified catalytic reactor for 60 minutes at 350, 450, and 550°C. Furthermore, the effect of a catalyst on the pyrolysis of waste lubricant oil was investigated. The catalyst used was natural zeolite with particle sizes of 70/100 mesh, 200/250 mesh and > 400 mesh. The catalytic pyrolysis liquid products obtained were then analyzed to determine the viscosity, density, heat value and composition of carbon compounds. The results show that temperature, the addition of catalysts and the catalyst particle size affect the physical and chemical properties of liquid products. On the basis of these properties, liquid products can be grouped into several types of liquid fuels namely, gasoline, kerosene and diesel. The liquid products obtained with a catalytic pyrolysis at temperature 550°C and catalyst particle size of > 400 mesh have a density, viscosity, yield and heating value of 829.760 kg/m3, 1.9508 mPa⋅s, 45.33% and 10.981 calories/gram, respectively. The composition of carbon compounds in liquid products is 20.39% for C < 8 compounds and 79.61% for C8-C18 compounds. These liquids are similar to gasoline, kerosene and diesel.