bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traditional Knowledge and Efficacy Analysis of an Emerging Medicinal Food Plant: Disporopsis aspersa
Authors: Chen Qingyu , Wang Miaomiao , Hu Xian , Zhang Jihai , Zhang Qing , Xu Congli , Long Chunlin
Published: January 2025

Disporopsis aspersa (Hua) Engl. ex K. Krause, locally known as kucai (bitter greens) or yexiahua, is a widely consumed wild vegetable and traditional herbal medicine in western Yunnan. Despite its local significance, its nutrient composition and bioactive properties have not been investigated. This study aims to determine the nutritional content and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the aerial parts extracts of D. aspersa. The levels of protein, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals were measured and compared to those of common vegetables. The results showed that D. aspersa contains 16 amino acids, with a total content of up to 19.13 g/100 g, including 3.0 g/100 g of lysine. In vitro evaluations of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities demonstrated that the ethanolic extract exhibited low cytotoxicity against mouse RAW 264.7 murine macrophages cell line at concentrations of 0–120 μg/mL. The IC50 for nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity was 72.7 ± 7.43 μg/mL, showing dose dependence. Additionally, the ethanolic extract also exhibited ABTS+· scavenging capacity and total antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that D. aspersa is rich in carbohydrates, fat, dietary fiber, and amino acids. It also contains various bioactive substances, supporting its traditional practices for both medicinal and dietary purposes by local people. D. aspersa has the potential to be developed into a novel anti-hypertensive food, nutraceutical, or dietary supplement in western Yunnan and neighboring regions, promoting local development.
Exploring Culinary Tourism and Female Consumer Preferences for Selected National Cuisines in Poland: A Sensory and Preference Analysis of Food Products from Four Countries
Authors: Kiciak Agata , Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria , Kuczka Natalia , Bielaszka Agnieszka , Tudrej Marzena , Kowalski Oskar , Kardas Marek
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The development of culinary tourism offers not only unique culinary travel experiences but also allows for the exploration of various aspects related to food. The main aim of this study was to assess the food preferences of a selected group of female consumers regarding world cuisine and to analyze the sensory quality of selected world cuisine products: ayran, rice noodles, tempeh, and chorizo. Methods: Sensory evaluation of utility characteristics, including color, aroma, texture, appearance, and taste, was conducted using a five-point scale. A custom questionnaire was used to collect data on respondents’ preferences and demographic characteristics. This study included 51 sensory panelists and 356 survey participants. Results: Among the evaluated products, rice noodles received the highest median rating (Me = 4.8), while tempeh scored the lowest (Me = 3.8). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in sensory perceptions depending on prior product familiarity. Italian (67.5%) and Polish (65.8%) cuisines were most frequently preferred, whereas Indian cuisine (4.3%) was the least popular. Additionally, over 83% of respondents indicated they regularly patronize food establishments offering regional dishes during travel. Conclusion: This study highlights a strong preference for familiar cuisines, such as Italian and Polish, among Polish female consumers, with implications for targeted marketing strategies in the gastronomy sector. The sensory analysis provides actionable insights into product acceptance, emphasizing the importance of cultural adaptation in promoting international food products.
Effect of Yam Flour Modified with Plasma-Activated Water Combined with Extrusion Treatment on the Quality of Chinese Noodles
Authors: Shi Miaomiao , Chen Yirui , Zhu Xiaopei , Ji Xiaolong , Yan Yizhe
Published: January 2025

Yam noodles were produced by replacing high-gluten wheat flour with yam flour modified with plasma-activated water and twin-screw extrusion (PAW-TSE). The effects of varying amounts of modified yam flour on the color, cooking characteristics, texture, and in vitro digestibility of the noodles were investigated. As the amount of modified yam flour increased, the noodles became darker in color, while the bound water content increased, and the free water content decreased. The modified yam flour also affected the cooking properties, reducing the optimal cooking time, decreasing the water absorption, and increasing the cooking loss. Textural analysis revealed that the addition of modified yam flour improved the texture of raw noodles, enhancing their elasticity and chewiness after cooking, thus providing a better eating experience. Furthermore, the modified yam flour increased the resistant starch content, thereby enhancing the nutritional value of the noodles. These findings provide valuable insights for food manufacturers seeking to develop healthier and more appealing noodle products, potentially leading to greater consumer acceptance and market success.
Discriminating Mung Bean Origins Using Pattern Recognition Methods: A Comparative Study of Raman and NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Mingming , Quan Zhigang , Sun Xinyue , Li Yanlong , Qian Lili , Zhang Dongjie
Published: January 2025

The feasibility of the two methodologies was confirmed to compare the results of determining mung bean origins using Raman and Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Spectra from mung beans collected in Baicheng City, Jilin Province; Dorbod Mongol Autonomous, Tailai County, Heilongjiang Province; and Sishui County, Shandong Province, China, were analyzed. We established a traceability model using Principal Component Analysis combined with the K-nearest neighbor method to compare the efficacy of these methods in discriminating the origins of the mung beans. The total cumulative variance explained by the first three principal components from the NIR of mung beans from different origins was 99.01%, which is 6.71% higher than that derived from Raman. Additionally, the discrimination rate for mung bean origins based on NIR spectral data reached 98.67%, outperforming the Raman-based approach by 22.67%. These findings indicate that NIR spectroscopy is more effective than Raman spectroscopy is in tracing the provenance of mung beans.
Novel Perspectives for Sensory Analysis Applied to Piperaceae and Aromatic Herbs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Taglieri Isabella , Tonacci Alessandro , Flamini Guido , Díaz-Guerrero Pierina , Ascrizzi Roberta , Bachi Lorenzo , Procissi Giorgia , Billeci Lucia , Venturi Francesca
Published: January 2025

Spices and aromatic herbs are important components of everyday nutrition in several countries and cultures, thanks to their capability to enhance the flavor of many dishes and convey significant emotional contributions by themselves. Indeed, spices as well as aromatic herbs are to be considered not only for their important values of antimicrobial agents or flavor enhancers everybody knows, but also, thanks to their olfactory and gustatory spectrum, as drivers to stimulate the consumers’ memories and, in a stronger way, emotions. Considering these unique characteristics, spices and aromatic herbs have caught the attention of consumer scientists and experts in sensory analysis for their evaluation using semi-quantitative approaches, with interesting evidence. In this pilot study as a first step, each studied botanical, belonging to Piperaceae or aromatic herbs, has been subjected to headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to assess their spontaneous volatile emission, representing the complex chemical pattern, which encounters the consumers’ olfactory perception. Furthermore, the present investigation, performed on 12 individuals, outlines the administration of a pilot study, merging the typical sensory analysis with emotional data collection and the innovative contribution related to the study around the Autonomic and Central Nervous System activation in consumers, performed using wearable technologies and related signal processing. The results obtained by our study, beyond demonstrating the feasibility of the approach, confirmed, both in terms of emotional responses and biomedical signals, the significant emotional potential of spices and aromatic herbs, most of which featuring an overall positive valence, yet with inter-subjects’ variations. Future investigations should aim to increase the number of volunteers evaluated with such an approach to draw more stable conclusions and attempting a customization of product preferences based on both implicit and explicit sensory responses.
2025: A Bright Year Ahead for Future Pharmacology
Authors: Schifano Fabrizio
Published: January 2025

As 2024 is coming to an end, let us reflect on Future Pharmacology’s achievements to better understand what is promising to be a bright year ahead [...]
Gold Nanorod-Coated Hydrogel Brush Valves in Macroporous Silicon Membranes for NIR-Driven Localized Chemical Modulation
Authors: Mustakim Nafis , Song Youngsik , Seo Sang-Woo
Published: January 2025

A two-dimensional array of microfluidic ports with remote-controlled valve actuation is of great interest for applications involving localized chemical stimulation. Herein, a macroporous silicon-based platform where each pore contains an independently controllable valve made from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes is proposed. These valves are coated with silica-encapsulated gold nanorods (GNRs) for NIR-actuated switching capability. The layer-by-layer (LBL) electrostatic deposition technique was used to attach the GNRs to the PNIPAM brushes. The deposition of GNRs was confirmed by dark-field optical microscopy, and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the deposited GNRs was analyzed using UV-Vis spectra. To evaluate the chemical release behaviors, fluorescein dye was employed as a model substance. The chemical release properties, like OFF-state diffusion through the valve, the ratio between ON-state and OFF-state chemical release, and the rapidness of chemical modulation of the valve, were investigated, varying the PNIPAM brush thickness. The results indicate that enhancing the thickness of the PNIPAM brush in our platform improves control over the chemical modulation properties. However, excessive increases in brush length may lead to entanglement, which negatively impacts the chemical modulation efficiency.
The Identification of Auxin Response Factors and Expression Analyses of Different Floral Development Stages in Roses
Authors: Huang Rui , Zhang Xiaoni , Luo Kaiqing , Tembrock Luke R. , Li Sen , Wu Zhiqiang
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important in plant growth and development, especially flower development. However, there is limited research on the comprehensive identification and characterization of ARF genes in roses. Methods: We employed bioinformatics tools to identify the ARF genes of roses. These genes were characterized for their phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal positions, conserved motifs, gene structures, and expression patterns. Results: In this study, a total of 17 ARF genes were identified in the genomes of Rosa chinensis ‘OB’, R. chinensis ‘CH’, R. rugosa, and R. wichurana. Based on RNA-seq analyses, we found that the ARF genes had diverse transcript patterns in various tissues and cultivars. In ‘CH’, the expression levels of RcCH_ARFs during different flower-development stages were classified into four clusters. In cluster 3 and cluster 4, RcCH_ARFs were specifically high and low in different stages of floral evocation. Gene expression and phylogenetic analyses showed that RcCH_ARF3, RcCH_ARF4, and RcCH_ARF18 were likely to be the key genes for rose flower development. Conclusions: The identification and characterization of ARF genes in Rosa were investigated. The results presented here provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanisms of ARF genes in plant development and flowering for roses, with a broader application for other species in the rose family and for the development of novel cultivars.
Identifying Candidate Genes Related to Soybean (Glycine max) Seed Coat Color via RNA-Seq and Coexpression Network Analysis
Authors: Wang Cheng , Fu Pingchun , Sun Tingting , Wang Yan , Li Xueting , Lan Shulin , Liu Hui , Gou Yongji , Shang Qiaoxia , Li Weiyu
Published: January 2025

Background: The quality of soybeans is reflected in the seed coat color, which indicates soybean quality and commercial value. Researchers have identified genes related to seed coat color in various plants. However, research on the regulation of genes related to seed coat color in soybeans is rare. Methods: In this study, four lines of seed coats with different colors (medium yellow 14, black, green, and brown) were selected from the F2:5 population, with Beinong 108 as the female parent and green bean as the male parent, and the dynamic changes in the anthocyanins in the seed coat were stained with 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) during the grain maturation process (20 days from grain drum to seed harvest). Through RNA-seq of soybean lines with four different colored seed coats at 30 and 50 days after seeding, we can further understand the key pathways and gene regulation modules between soybean seed coats of different colors. Results: DMACA revealed that black seed coat soybeans produce anthocyanins first and have the deepest staining. Clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) of the RNA-seq data divided the eight samples into two groups, resulting in 16,456 DEGs, including 5359 TFs. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, and circadian rhythm pathways were significantly enriched. We also conducted statistical and expression pattern analyses on the differentially expressed transcription factors. Based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified seven specific modules that were significantly related to the four soybean lines with different seed coat colors. The connectivity and functional annotation of genes within the modules were calculated, and 21 candidate genes related to soybean seed coat color were identified, including six transcription factor (TF) genes and three flavonoid pathway genes. Conclusions: These findings provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying differences in soybean seed coat color and provide new genetic resources.
Noise Elimination for Wide Field Electromagnetic Data via Improved Dung Beetle Optimized Gated Recurrent Unit
Authors: Liu Zhongyuan , Zhang Xian , Li Diquan , Liu Shupeng , Cao Ke
Published: January 2025

Noise profoundly affects the quality of electromagnetic data, and selecting the appropriate hyperparameters for machine learning models poses a significant challenge. Consequently, the current machine learning denoising techniques fall short in delivering precise processing of Wide Field Electromagnetic Method (WFEM) data. To eliminate the noise, this paper presents an electromagnetic data denoising approach based on the improved dung beetle optimized (IDBO) gated recurrent unit (GRU) and its application. Firstly, Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) chaotic mapping, variable spiral strategy, Levy flight mechanism, and adaptive T-distribution variation perturbation strategy were utilized to enhance the DBO algorithm. Subsequently, the mean square error is employed as the fitness of the IDBO algorithm to achieve the hyperparameter optimization of the GRU algorithm. Finally, the IDBO-GRU method is applied to the denoising processing of WFEM data. Experiments demonstrate that the optimization capacity of the IDBO algorithm is conspicuously superior to other intelligent optimization algorithms, and the IDBO-GRU algorithm surpasses the probabilistic neural network (PNN) and the GRU algorithm in the denoising accuracy of WFEM data. Moreover, the time domain of the processed WFEM data is more in line with periodic signal characteristics, its overall data quality is significantly enhanced, and the electric field curve is more stable. Therefore, the IDBO-GRU is more adept at processing the time domain sequence, and the application results also validate that the proposed method can offer technical support for electromagnetic inversion interpretation.
Perceived Telehealth Usability for Personalized Healthcare Among the Adult Population in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Sayed Samiha Hamdi , Aldailami Danyah Abdulrahman , Abd El Aziz Maha Mahmoud , Elsayed Ebtesam Abbas
Published: January 2025

Background: Due to technological advancements, the demand for easily accessible and convenient healthcare services is rising globally. Thus, telehealth is gaining momentum that was previously unheard of. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) actively embraces digital innovation in the healthcare industry through its ambitious Vision 2030 initiative. This study aimed to assess the perceived usability of telehealth for personalized healthcare among the KSA adult population in the post-COVID-19 era. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample of 975 adults from the general population in KSA. A digital survey was used for data collection through Survey Monkey software. It contained two sections: personal and health data and the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). The data was collected over three months (July–September 2024) and investigated using the multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: This study showed that 59.8% of the participants have initiated telehealth service use before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the most frequently used services are the issuance of sick leave (30.6%), tele-prescription (29.0%), virtual consultation (20.0%), tele-mental health services (19.4%), telemonitoring (18.6), and tele-referral (18.2%). A high total telehealth usability score was observed among 60.4% of the participants: 72.7% perceive telehealth as highly useful, 76.4% perceive it as easy to use, 60.1% have high satisfaction and intention for future use, 57.4% perceive high interface quality, and 51.8% perceive a high interaction quality. Conversely, 45.8% perceive low reliability of the telehealth system. Multinomial logistic regression showed that low education (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.16–4.85) and using virtual consultation (AOR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.38–0.99) were predictors of low telehealth usability. However, being female (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.27–2.55), being in higher education (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.02–2.34), and living in the central KSA region (AOR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.10–2.23) were predictors of high telehealth usability. Working status, income, and presence of chronic disease were not statistically significant predictors. Conclusions: Telehealth services have been highly usable in KSA even before the COVID-19 pandemic, with commonly used asynchronous services. Many social, technological, and system-related factors could affect the user experience and system reliability. Hence, telehealth developments are recommended to overcome such barriers, with future initiatives focusing on the flexibility and convenience of telehealth systems.
Low Vision Rehabilitation Referral Characteristics for Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Archambault Simon D. , Sweeny Courtney , Bhardwaj Mahesh , Ramsey David J.
Published: January 2025

Background: Despite evidence that low vision rehabilitation (LVR) services can improve visual function in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), many patients are not directed to access these resources. This study was conducted to determine factors associated with LVR referral and to assess the visual outcomes from completed evaluations. Methods: The study comprised a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of patients with nAMD. Referrals for LVR services were extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). The effectiveness of each evaluation was determined by assessing the change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) achieved after distance refraction. Costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental costs per-QALY-gained were calculated based upon the better-seeing eye by using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000/QALY. Results: Out of 560 eligible patients with nAMD, 110 were referred for LVR (19.6%). Referral was more common for individuals who qualified as having low vision, based upon the visual acuity of the better-seeing eye (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.214; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.920–5.380, p < 0.001), had bilateral nAMD (aOR, 1.592; 95% CI, 1.017–2.492, p = 0.042), or had commercial health insurance compared to those who had Medicare (aOR, 2.887; 95% CI, 1.041–8.009, p = 0.042). Most patients referred completed LVR appointments (86%). More than half of the patients achieved improved BCVA for their better-seeing eye (53%) yielding an average gain of 0.04 QALYs/patient at a cost of $3504/QALY. The estimated net monetary benefit was $1704 per evaluation completed. Conclusions: Most patients with nAMD achieved improvements in visual function after low vision evaluation, yielding improvements in vision-related quality of life at a reasonable cost.
JAG1/Notch Pathway Inhibition Induces Ferroptosis and Promotes Cataractogenesis
Authors: Ni Yan , Liu Liangping , Jiang Fanying , Wu Mingxing , Qin Yingyan
Published: January 2025

Cataracts remain the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly in age-related cataracts (ARCs), are not fully understood. The Notch signaling pathway, known for its critical role in various degenerative diseases, may also contribute to ARC pathogenesis, although its specific involvement is unclear. This study investigates the role of Notch signaling in regulating ferroptosis in lens epithelial cells (LECs) and its impact on ARC progression. RNA sequencing of anterior lens capsule samples from ARC patients revealed a significant downregulation of Notch signaling, coupled with an upregulation of ferroptosis-related genes. Notch1 expression decreased, while ferroptosis markers increased in an age-dependent manner. In vitro, upregulation of Notch signaling alleviated ferroptosis by decreasing ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and p53 levels while enhancing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Conversely, inhibition of Notch signaling exacerbated ferroptosis, as evidenced by reduced Nrf2, GPX4, and SLC7A11 expression. These findings suggest that downregulation of Notch signaling promotes ferroptosis in LECs by impairing the Nrf2/GPX4 antioxidant pathway, thereby contributing to ARC development. This study offers new insights into ARC pathogenesis and highlights the Notch signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for preventing or mitigating ARC progression.
EML4-ALK: Update on ALK Inhibitors
Authors: Bearz Alessandra , Bertoli Elisa , Stanzione Brigida , De Carlo Elisa , Del Conte Alessandro , Bortolot Martina , Torresan Sara , Berto Eleonora , Da Ros Valentina , Pelin Giulia Maria , Fassetta Kelly , Rossetto Silvia , Spina Michele
Published: January 2025

Since the discovery of the first-generation ALK inhibitor, many other tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective in the first line or further lines of treatment in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with EMLA4-ALK translocation. This review traces the main milestones in the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic patients and the survival outcomes in the first-line and second-line settings with different ALK inhibitors. It presents the two options available for first-line treatment at the present time: sequencing different ALK inhibitors versus using the most potent inhibitor in front-line treatment. The efficacy outcomes of different ALK inhibitors in the first-line setting; the molecular profile of the disease, including mutation resistances and ALK variants and co-mutations; and patients’ co-morbidities and inhibitor toxicities should be taken into account to address the choice of the first-line treatment, as suggested in this review.
Research on Prediction of Multiple Degenerative Diseases and Biomarker Screening Based on DNA Methylation
Authors: Tian Ruoting , Zhang Hao , Wang Chencai , Zhou Shengyang , Zhang Li , Wang Han
Published: January 2025

The aging process will lead to a gradual functional decline in the human body, and even accelerate a significantly increased risk of degenerative diseases. DNA methylation patterns change markedly with one’s age, serving as a biomarker of biological age and closely linked to the occurrence and progression of age-related diseases. Currently, diagnostic methods for individual degenerative diseases are relatively mature. However, aging often accompanies the onset of multiple degenerative diseases, presenting certain limitations in existing diagnostic models. Additionally, some identified DNA methylation biomarkers are typically applicable to only one or a few types of cancer or diseases, further restricting their utility. We endeavor to screen for biomarkers associated with multiple degenerative diseases from the perspective of aging-related co-morbid mechanisms and to perform multiple degenerative disease diagnoses. In this study, we explored research based on methylation correlations and patterns to investigate shared mechanisms across multiple degenerative diseases, identifying a set of biomarkers associated with them. We validated these biomarkers with biological omics analysis and the prediction of multiple classes of degenerative diseases, screened the biomarkers from 600 to 110 by biological omics analysis, and demonstrated the validity and predictive ability of the screened 110 biomarkers. We propose a disease diagnostic model based on a multi-scale one-dimensional convolutional neural network (MSDCNN) and a multi-class degenerative disease prediction model (ResDegNet). The two models are well trained and tested to accurately diagnose diseases and categorize four types of degenerative diseases. The research identified 110 biomarkers associated with degenerative diseases, providing a foundation for further exploration of age-related degenerative conditions. This work aims to facilitate early diagnosis, the identification of biomarkers, and the development of therapeutic targets for drug interventions.
The Emerging Predictive and Prognostic Role of Aggressive-Variant-Associated Tumor Suppressor Genes Across Prostate Cancer Stages
Authors: Pedrani Martino , Barizzi Jessica , Salfi Giuseppe , Nepote Alessandro , Testi Irene , Merler Sara , Castelo-Branco Luis , Mestre Ricardo Pereira , Turco Fabio , Tortola Luigi , Theurillat Jean-Philippe , Gillessen Silke , Vogl Ursula
Published: January 2025

Aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) is characterized by a molecular signature involving combined defects in TP53, RB1, and/or PTEN (AVPC-TSGs), identifiable through immunohistochemistry or genomic analysis. The reported prevalence of AVPC-TSG alterations varies widely, reflecting differences in assay sensitivity, treatment pressure, and disease stage evolution. Although robust clinical evidence is still emerging, the study of AVPC-TSG alterations in prostate cancer (PCa) is promising. Alterations in TP53, RB1, and PTEN, as well as the combined loss of AVPC-TSGs, may have significant implications for prognosis and treatment. These biomarkers might help predict responses to various therapies, including hormonal treatments, cytotoxic agents, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies. Understanding the impact of these molecular alterations in patients with PCa is crucial for personalized management. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging prognostic and predictive roles of AVPC-TSG alterations across PCa stages. Moreover, we discuss the implications of different methods used for detecting AVPC-TSG alterations and summarize factors influencing their prevalence. As our comprehension of the genomic landscape of PCa disease deepens, incorporating genomic profiling into clinical decision making will become increasingly important for improving patient outcomes.
Regulation of Age-Related Lipid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Feng Jihua , Rouse Clay Douglas , Taylor Lila , Garcia Santiago , Nguyen Ethan , Coogan Isabella , Byrd Olivia , Berchuck Andrew , Murphy Susan K. , Huang Zhiqing
Published: January 2025

The mortality rate of ovarian cancer (OC) remains the highest among female gynecological malignancies. Advanced age is the highest risk factor for OC development and progression, yet little is known about the role of the aged tumor microenvironment (TME). We conducted RNA sequencing and lipidomic analysis of young and aged gonadal adipose tissue from rat xenografts before and after OC formation. The rates of tumor formation (p = 0.047) and tumor volume (p = 0.002) were significantly higher in the aged rats than in their young counterparts. RNA sequencing data showed significant differences in gene expression profiles between the groups of young and aged rat adipose tissues (p < 0.05), including S100a8, S100a9, Il1rl1, Lcn2, C3, Hba-a1, Fcna, and Pnpla3. At the time of tumor generation, there were also changes in the lipid components within the gonadal adipose tissues of young and aged rats, with higher levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (TGs) in aged rats. Furthermore, the aged TME showed changes in immune cell composition, especially inflammation-related cells, including neutrophils, myeloid dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells (non-regulatory), and mast cell activation (p < 0.05). The correlation between S100a8, S100a9, neutrophil, and omega-5, FFA 18:3 levels was also determined. Additionally, omega-5, which is downregulated in aged rats, inhibited OC cell proliferation in vitro (p < 0.001). Our study suggests that the aged TME promotes OC proliferation resulting from age-related changes in gene/pathway expression, lipid metabolism, and immune cell distribution. Targeting the aging adipose microenvironment, particularly lipid metabolism, is a promising therapeutic strategy for OC and warrants further investigation. Significance: The aging microenvironment contributes to OC development and progression because of changes in the immune response regulatory genes S100a8 and S100a9, secreted by adipocytes, preadipocytes, or neutrophils, and by altering omega-5 metabolism.
A Comparative Study of Intense Pulsed Light with Two Different Filters in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Lee Hayoung , Jeon Yoo Young , Eah Kyu Sang , Park Nahyun , Lee Yea Eun , Han Jeewon , Lee Chung Min , Kim Changmin , Chung Ho Seok , Kim Jae Yong , Lee Hun
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To compare the long-term efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatments using a 590-nm and an acne filter. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, paired-eye trial study, 30 patients with moderate and severe meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were followed up for at least one month after their last treatment. Group A received IPL treatment with an acne filter, a type of notch filter that blocks wavelengths between 600 and 800 nm, allowing IPL to emit wavelengths between 400–600 nm and 800–1200 nm. Group B received treatment with a 590 nm filter, a type of cut-off filter that blocks wavelengths below 590 nm. Clinical parameters, including tear osmolarity, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression, tear break-up time, ocular surface staining scores, Schirmer’s test I, lid margin telangiectasia scores, MG expressibility/secretion scores, and Ocular Surface Disease Index scores, were measured at baseline, 1, 6, and 12 months after their last treatment. Results: In the linear mixed model, significant time effects on all clinical parameters, except for MMP-9 grades and Schirmer’s test I results, were observed within each group. However, interactions between time points (baseline, 6 months, 12 months) and groups (Group A, B) were not significant. The generalized estimating equation model showed no significant interaction between time points and groups for MMP-9 positivity; however, a significant time effect on MMP-9 positivity was observed in Group A, with a decrease at 12 months after their last treatment when compared to baseline and 6 months. Conclusions: The IPL treatment modality for moderate to severe MGD demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect for one year under strictly controlled self-administration of other treatments. IPL treatment using acne filter is a promising treatment option for reducing MMP-9 positivity in MGD patients.
Three-Dimensional Assessment of Dental Enamel Microcrack Progression After Orthodontic Bracket Debonding Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Hamdan Ahmed Haj , Saleah Sm Abu , Seong Daewoon , Ravichandran Naresh Kumar , Wijesinghe Ruchire Eranga , Han Sangyeob , Kim Jeehyun , Jeon Mansik , Park Hyo-Sang
Published: January 2025

The current study aimed to quantify the length progression of enamel microcracks (EMCs) after debonding metal and ceramic brackets, implementing OCT as a diagnostic tool. The secondary objectives included a three-dimensional assessment of EMC width and depth and the formation of new EMCs. OCT imaging was performed on 16 extracted human premolars before bonding and after debonding. Debonding was conducted with a universal Instron machine, with ARI values recorded. Additionally, 2D and 3D OCT images were employed to detect EMC formation and progression. Enface images quantified the length, width, and number of EMCs, and the length and width were analyzed using Image J (1.54f) and MATLAB (R2014b), respectively. Sagittal cross-sectional images were used for EMC depth analysis. A paired t-test showed significant differences in the length, width, and number of EMCs after debonding (p-value < 0.05), while the Wilcoxon non-parametric test indicated significant EMC depth changes (p-value < 0.05). No significant results were identified for the EMC number in ceramic brackets and EMC depth in metal brackets. Three-dimensional OCT imaging monitored existing EMCs at higher risk of progression and detected new EMCs following orthodontic bracket debonding. This study provides novel insights into EMC progression regarding the length, width, depth, and number after debonding.
Learning Transversus Abdominis Activation in Older Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain Using an Ultrasound-Based Wearable: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Perotti Luis , Stamm Oskar , Strohm Hannah , Jenne Jürgen , Fournelle Marc , Lahmann Nils , Müller-Werdan Ursula
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is prevalent among older adults and leads to significant functional limitations and reduced quality of life. Segmental stabilization exercises (SSEs) are commonly used to treat CLBP, but the selective activation of deep abdominal muscles during these exercises can be challenging for patients. To support muscle activation, physiotherapists use biofeedback methods such as palpation and ultrasound imaging. This randomized controlled pilot study aimed to compare the effectiveness of these two biofeedback techniques in older adults with CLBP. Methods: A total of 24 participants aged 65 years or older with CLBP were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group performed self-palpation biofeedback, while the other group used real-time ultrasound imaging to visualize abdominal muscle activation. Muscle activation and thickness were continuously tracked using a semi-automated algorithm. The preferential activation ratio (PAR) was calculated to measure muscle activation, and statistical comparisons between groups were made using ANOVA. Results: Both groups achieved positive PAR values during all repetitions of the abdominal-draw-in maneuver (ADIM) and abdominal bracing (AB). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups in terms of PAR during ADIM (F(2, 42) = 0.548, p = 0.58, partial η2 = 0.025) or AB (F(2, 36) = 0.812, p = 0.45, partial η2 = 0.043). Both groups reported high levels of exercise enjoyment and low task load. Conclusions: In conclusion, both palpation and ultrasound biofeedback appear to be effective for guiding older adults with CLBP during SSE. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results and examine the long-term effectiveness of these biofeedback methods.
Small- to Large-Scale Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion of Functionally Graded Steels
Authors: Botero Carlos , Sjöström William , Jimenez-Pique Emilio , Koptyug Andrey , Rännar Lars-Erik
Published: January 2025

The ability to control process parameters over time and build space in electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) opens up unprecedented opportunities to tailor the process and use materials of a different nature in the same build. The present investigation explored the various methods used to adapt the PBF-EB process for the production of functionally graded materials (FGMs). In this way, two pre-alloyed powders—a stainless steel (SS) powder and a highly alloyed cold work tool steel (TS) powder—were combined during processing in an S20 Arcam machine. Feasibility experiments were first carried out in a downscaled build setup, in which a single powder container was installed on top of the rake system. In the container, one powder was placed on top of the other (SS/TS) so that the gradient materials were produced as the powders were spread and intermixed during the build. The process was later scaled up to an industrial machine setup, where a similar approach was implemented using two configurations of powder disposal: SS/SS + TS/TS and TS/TS + SS/SS. Each configuration had an intermediate layer of powder blend. The FGMs obtained were characterized in terms of their microstructure and local and macromechanical properties. For the microstructural analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed on the polished cross-sections. This provided evidence of gradual microstructural and compositional transitions in the samples, with a shift from SS to TS and vice versa. Nanoindentation experiments confirmed that there was a consequent gradient in the hardness, stiffness, and wear ratio from the softer and ductile SS to the harder and stiff TS. Scratch experiments revealed gradual evolution in the sliding wear behavior of the printed materials. A “progressive spring” and a “hardness-tailored punching tool” were fabricated as demonstrators. The results obtained demonstrate the great potential to gradually tailor the composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance by combining different powders, and they suggest that any PBF-EB system can be repurposed to build gradient materials without hardware modification. Potential applications include the tooling industry, where hard and wear-resistant materials are needed for the surfaces of tools, with tougher and more ductile materials used in the cores of tools.
Research on Fault Diagnosis of Ship Propulsion System Based on Improved Residual Network
Authors: Yuan Wei , Chen Julong , Yu Xingji
Published: January 2025

In ship propulsion, accurately diagnosing faults in permanent magnet synchronous motor is essential but challenging due to limitations in the intuitive characterization and feature extraction of fault signals. This study presents an innovative approach to motor fault detection by integrating phase-contrastive current dot patterns with an enhanced residual network, enhancing the diagnostic effect. Initially, the research involves creating a dataset that simulates stator currents. It is achieved through mathematical modeling of two common faults in permanent magnet synchronous motors: inter-turn short circuits and demagnetization. Subsequently, the parameters of the phase-contrastive current dot pattern are optimized using the Hunter-Prey Optimization technique to convert the three-phase stator currents of the motor into grayscale images. Lastly, a residual network, which includes a Squeeze-and-Excitation module, is engineered to boost the identification of crucial fault characteristics. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a high accuracy rate of 98.5% in the fault diagnosis task of motors, which can accurately identify the fault information and is significant in enhancing the reliability and safety of ship propulsion systems.
Efficient Beach Litter Monitoring: Accelerated Surveys of Pollution Hotspots—A North African Case Study
Authors: Slimane Emna Ben , Haseler Mirco , Ben Abdallah Lilia , Mhiri Fadhel , Nassour Abdallah , Schernewski Gerald
Published: January 2025

Marine litter is a critical environmental issue, with beach litter being its most visible indicator. Despite severe pollution on Mediterranean beaches, Tunisia currently lacks a national beach litter monitoring program. To address this gap and support the development of such a program, particularly at pollution hotspots like urban beaches, we conducted a one-year study on six Tunisian beaches. We employed an innovative, accelerated multiple 10 m transect method tailored to highly polluted beaches, focusing on macro-litter (>2.5 cm). This method significantly reduces survey time compared to the standard 100 m approach while maintaining comparable pollution metrics, offering a practical and efficient solution for areas with high litter density. Our findings reveal an average litter density of 1.01 ± 1.08 pieces/m2, with higher pollution in urban areas. Based on the Clean Coast Index (CCI), two beaches were classified as extremely dirty, one as dirty, two as moderately clean, and one as clean. Plastics (59.2%) and cigarette butts (21.1%) were the most prevalent pollutants, with single-use plastics comprising 52.5% ± 5.3% of total litter. Most of the litter (60.6%) originated from shoreline activities and poor waste management. These findings underscore the urgent need for a long-term national beach litter monitoring program. The integration of our accelerated transect method would enable efficient, effective surveys on highly polluted beaches, providing critical data to address litter sources and support targeted strategies for mitigating pollution and protecting Tunisia’s coastal ecosystems.
Coastal Inlet Analysis by Image Color Intensity Variations: Implications for the Barrier Coast of Ukraine
Authors: Buynevich Ilya V. , Davydov Oleksiy V. , FitzGerald Duncan M.
Published: January 2025

Inlets through coastal barriers in functionally non-tidal settings have been relatively understudied. Yet, they have morphosedimentary elements and morphodynamic behaviors that are similar to their tidal counterparts, especially microtidal (often wave-dominated) inlets. Increasingly, remote sensing technologies (aerial and satellite imagery, small unmanned aerial vehicles, etc.) are employed as sources of high-definition spatial databases. Such approaches are important in areas with limited access, especially in regions of military conflict, such as along parts of the northern Black Sea coast, Ukraine. For rapid spatial analysis of remotely sensed or archival datasets, image color intensity (ICI) patterns are obtained using grayscale (GS) spectra and a wide range of filter options. Areal and profile-style GS patterns based on relative ICI values are extracted from available imagery, so that in a full 256-value GS spectrum the deepest parts of a channel (inlet throat) will have the lowest (darkest) values (GS < 50). Landward (flood-tidal/bayside) and seaward (ebb-tidal/seaside) deltas will exhibit lighter colors (GS > 100). Exposed siliciclastic/carbonate sand-dominated barriers and shoals will yield the lightest values (GS > 200), with dark vegetation requiring GS inversion. Hypsometric information, as well as key metrics (perimeter and area) can be easily computed using instant tracing tools, without the need for labor-intensive contour outlining. This study is the first example of assessing cross-shore and longitudinal channel morphology of microtidal (USA) and non-tidal (Ukraine) inlets. The approach is also extended to a temporal analysis of inlet closure and a recent re-activation by an intense storm.
Corporate Governance and Obfuscation in Chairmen’s Letters: The Case of MENA Banks
Authors: Mahboub Rasha
Published: January 2025

The readability (RDB) of annual reports (ARs) plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of disclosure of information to interested parties, particularly investors. Given that investors rely on the financial information provided in ARs, the chairman’s letter serves as a key communication tool and is the most extensively read section of the report. Consequently, companies are under pressure to provide understandable ARs that can be easily interpreted by investors. Nevertheless, managers sometimes obscure such disclosures in an attempt to bury negative information and hide their own behavior. Drawing from the “managerial obfuscation hypothesis”, this study investigated how the corporate governance (CG) structures affect the RDB of ARs for a sample of 95 banks across seven countries in the MENA region from 2018 to 2022. The findings revealed that board size, frequency of board meetings, and ownership concentration significantly affected the RDB of ARs. Additionally, board independence and gender diversity had a significant negative effect on ARs’ RDB. Conversely, the study found that the presence of role duality within the board had an insignificant effect on ARs’ RDB. As a result, this study recommends enhancing CG structures to enhance the clarity of banks’ reports and boost investor trust.
Exploration of the Spiritual Expectations of Patients in a Swiss Hemodialysis Center
Authors: Mastrangelo Simon , Rochat Etienne , Pruijm Menno
Published: January 2025

Background: Whether hemodialysis patients want caregivers to discuss spirituality is poorly studied, especially in Europe. The goal of this qualitative study was to explore the spirituality and spiritual expectations of hemodialysis patients in a Swiss dialysis center. Methods: Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were performed by an experienced sociologist with dialysis patients in the ambulatory dialysis unit of the University Hospital of Lausanne. The interviews included a set of open questions on the role that spirituality plays in patients’ lives, in coping with their illness and in the recent COVID-19 epidemic. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded and analyzed following the approach of content analysis. Findings: Twenty interviews were performed in 2022. In total, 14/20 patients practiced some form of religion (believers), four were agnostics, and two defined themselves as atheist. The majority (15/20) confirmed that spirituality plays a positive role to preserve hope and to manage the difficulties caused by the disease and its treatment; one out of four wishes to discuss spirituality in the hospital setting. The largest needs are related to social dimensions (isolation, loneliness, need to talk, financial problems). Their level of spirituality has not been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: In this pilot study, spirituality in a broad sense was important for the majority of the patients, and a quarter of them would like it to be actively addressed by healthcare professionals. They also ask for more attention to social and socio-economic difficulties.