bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cochlear synaptopathy impairs suprathreshold tone‐in‐noise coding in the cochlear nucleus
Authors: Hockley A. , Cassinotti L. R. , Selesko M. , Corfas G. , Shore S. E.
Published: May 2023

Hearing impairment without threshold elevations can occur when there is damage to high‐threshold auditory nerve fibre synapses with cochlear inner hair cells. Instead, cochlear synaptopathy produces suprathreshold deficits, especially in older patients, which affect conversational speech. Given that listening in noise at suprathreshold levels presents significant challenges to the ageing population, we examined the effects of synaptopathy on tone‐in‐noise coding on the central recipients of auditory nerve fibres, i.e. the cochlear nucleus neurons. To induce synaptopathy, guinea pigs received a unilateral sound overexposure to the left ears. A separate group received sham exposures. At 4 weeks post‐exposure, thresholds had recovered but reduced auditory brainstem response wave 1 amplitudes and auditory nerve synapse loss remained on the left side. Single‐unit responses were recorded from several cell types in the ventral cochlear nucleus to pure‐tone and noise stimuli. Receptive fields and rate–level functions in the presence of continuous broadband noise were examined. The synaptopathy‐inducing noise exposure did not affect mean unit tone‐in‐noise thresholds, nor the tone‐in‐noise thresholds in each animal, demonstrating equivalent tone‐in‐noise detection thresholds to sham animals. However, synaptopathy reduced single‐unit responses to suprathreshold tones in the presence of background noise, particularly in the cochlear nucleus small cells. These data demonstrate that suprathreshold tone‐in‐noise deficits following cochlear synaptopathy are evident in the first neural station of the auditory brain, the cochlear nucleus neurons, and provide a potential target for assessment and treatment of listening‐in‐noise deficits in humans.

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Key points

Recording from multiple central auditory neurons can determine tone‐in‐noise deficits in animals with quantified cochlear synapse damage.

Using this technique, we found that tone‐in‐noise thresholds are not altered by cochlear synaptopathy, whereas coding of suprathreshold tones‐in‐noise is disrupted.

Suprathreshold deficits occur in small cells and primary‐like neurons of the cochlear nucleus.

These data provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying difficulties associated with hearing in noisy environments.
A Boundary Computation Algorithm for the Workspace Evaluation of Continuum Parallel Robots
Authors: Zaccaria Federico , Idá Edoardo , Briot Sébastien
Published: May 2023

In this article, a new algorithm for the computation of workspace boundaries of continuum parallel robots (CPRs) is proposed. State-of-the-art techniques are mainly based on time-consuming joint space discretization approaches or task-space discretization algorithms, and only a few approaches are dedicated to the computation of workspace boundaries. The proposed approach for the computation of the workspace boundaries is based on (i) a free-space exploration strategy and (ii) a boundary reconstruction algorithm. The former is exploited to identify an initial workspace boundary location (exterior, interior boundaries, and holes), while the latter is used to reconstruct the complete boundary surface. Moreover, the algorithm is designed to be employed with CPR modeling strategies based on general discretization assumptions, in order to increase its applicability for various scopes. Our method is compared with two state-of-the-art algorithms in four cases studies, to validate the results and to establish its merits and limitations.
An Assessment of Second Moment Closure Modeling for Stratified Wakes Using Direct Numerical Simulations Ensembles
Authors: Jain Naman , Huang Xinyi L. D. , Li Jiaqi J. L. , Yang Xiang I. A. , Kunz Robert
Published: May 2023

Buoyant wakes encountered in the ocean environment are characterized by high Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, leading to significant space–time resolution requirements for turbulence resolving CFD models (i.e., direct numerical simulations (DNS), large eddy simulations (LES)). Therefore, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) based models are attractive for these configurations. The inherently complex dynamics of stratified systems render eddy-viscosity-based modeling inappropriate. RANS second-moment closure (SMC) based modeling is more suitable because it accounts for flow anisotropy by solving the transport equations of important second-moment terms. Accordingly, eleven transport equations are solved at the SMC level, and a range of submodels are implemented for diffusion, pressure strain and scrambling, and dissipation terms. This work studies nonstratified and stratified towed wakes using SMC and DNS. Submodels in the SMC are evaluated in terms of how well their exact Reynolds averaged form impacts the accuracy of the full RANS closure. An ensemble average of 40 and 80–100 DNS realizations are required and conducted for these temporally evolving nonstratified and stratified wakes, respectively, to obtain converged higher-order statistics. SMC over-predicts wake height by over a factor of 2, and under-predicts defect velocity, wake width, and turbulent kinetic and potential energies by factors ranging from 1.3 to 3.5. Also, SMC predicts a near isotropic decay of normal Reynolds stresses (a33→−0.25), in contrast to the anisotropic decay (a33→−0.64) returned by DNS. The DNS data also provide important insights related to the inaccuracy of the dissipation rate isotropy assumption and the non-negligible contribution of pressure diffusion terms. These results lead to several important recommendations for SMC modeling improvement.
Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors for Conserved Unique Phosphoethanolamine Methyltransferases in Parasitic Nematodes Possess Anthelmintic Efficacy
Authors: Zhang Xuejin , Sicalo Gianechini Leonor , Li Kun , Kaplan Ray M. , Witola William H.
Published: May 2023

In humans, nematode infections are prevalent in developing countries, causing long-term ill health, particularly in children. Worldwide, nematode infections are prevalent in livestock and pets, affecting productivity and health.
Contribution of Iron-Transport Systems and β-Lactamases to Cefiderocol Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii Endemic to New York City
Authors: Asrat Habtamu , Samaroo-Campbell Jevon , Ata Subhan , Quale John
Published: May 2023

The development of resistance to cefiderocol among multidrug resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
has been attributed to downregulation in iron transport systems and a variety of β-lactamases. However, the precise contribution of each in clinical isolates remains to be determined.
Ergot Alkaloids Contribute to the Pathogenic Potential of the Fungus
Aspergillus leporis
Authors: Jones Abigail M. , Panaccione Daniel G.
Published: May 2023

Certain environmental fungi infect animals occasionally or conditionally, whereas others do not. Factors that affect the virulence of these opportunistically pathogenic fungi may have originally evolved to fill some other role for the fungus in its primary environmental niche.
Generation and Repair of Postreplication Gaps in Escherichia coli
Authors: Cox Michael M. , Goodman Myron F. , Keck James L. , van Oijen Antoine , Lovett Susan T. , Robinson Andrew
Published: May 2023

When replication forks encounter template lesions, one result is lesion skipping, where the stalled DNA polymerase transiently stalls, disengages, and then reinitiates downstream to leave the lesion behind in a postreplication gap. Despite considerable attention in the 6 decades since postreplication gaps were discovered, the mechanisms by which postreplication gaps are generated and repaired remain highly enigmatic.
Draft Genome Sequences of Closely Related Listeria monocytogenes Lineage III Strains Isolated from a Food Processing Environment and a Case of Human Listeriosis
Authors: Brown Phillip , Kanenaka Rebecca , Chen Yi , Ivanova Mirena , Leekitcharoenphon Pimlapas , Elhanafi Driss , Kathariou Sophia
Published: May 2023

Listeria monocytogenes
lineage III is genetically highly diverse, and closely related lineage III strains from food facilities and human listeriosis have not been reported. Here, we report the genome sequences of three closely related lineage III strains from Hawaii, namely, one isolated from a human case and two isolated from a produce storage facility.
Schizotrophic Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-Mediated Root and Rhizosphere Microbiome Alterations Activate Growth and Disease Resistance in Wheat
Authors: Tian Binnian , Qu Zheng , Mehmood Mirza Abid , Xie Jiatao , Cheng Jiasen , Fu Yanping , Jiang Daohong
Published: May 2023

Fungal pathogens are seriously threatening food security and natural ecosystems; efficient and environmentally friendly control methods are essential to increase world crop production.
S. sclerotiorum
, a widespread pathogen of dicotyledons, can grow endophytically in wheat, providing protection against
Fusarium
head blight and stripe rust and enhancing wheat yield. In this study, we discovered that
S. sclerotiorum
treatment increased the diversity of the soil fungal and bacterial community in rhizosphere soil, while the diversity of the fungal community was obviously decreased in the wheat root.
O-Antigen Diversification Masks Identification of Highly Pathogenic Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O104:H4-Like Strains
Authors: Lang Christina , Fruth Angelika , Campbell Ian W. , Jenkins Claire , Smith Peyton , Strockbine Nancy , Weill François-Xavier , Nübel Ulrich , Grad Yonatan H. , Waldor Matthew K. , Flieger Antje
Published: May 2023

Our data suggest that the high-virulence ensemble of the STEC O104:H4 outbreak strain remains a global threat because genomically similar strains cause disease worldwide but that the horizontal acquisition of O-antigen gene clusters has diversified the O-antigens of strains belonging to ST678. Thus, the identification of these highly pathogenic strains is masked by diverse and rare O-antigens, thereby confounding the interpretation of their potential risk.
Plasmodium
Topoisomerase VIB and Spo11 Constitute Functional Type IIB Topoisomerase in Malaria Parasite: Its Possible Role in Mitochondrial DNA Segregation
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Tabassum Wahida , Fangaria Nupur , Dey Sandeep , Padhi Siladitya , Bhattacharyya Mrinal K. , Arun Kumar Kota , Roy Arijit , Bhattacharyya Sunanda
Published: May 2023

This study demonstrates a likely role of topoisomerase VI in the mitochondrial genome segregation of
Plasmodium falciparum
during endoreduplication. We show that PfTopoVIB and PfSpo11 remain associated and form the functional holoenzyme within the parasite.
Multicenter Diagnostic Evaluation of OnSite COVID-19 Rapid Test (CTK Biotech) among Symptomatic Individuals in Brazil and the United Kingdom
Authors: Thompson Caitlin R. , Torres Pablo Muñoz , Kontogianni Konstantina , Byrne Rachel L. ,   LSTM Diagnostic group, Noguera Saidy Vásconez , Luna-Muschi Alessandra , Marchi Ana Paula , Andrade Pâmela S. , dos Santos Barboza Antonio , Nishikawara Marli ,   CONDOR steering group, Body Richard , de Vos Margaretha , Escadafal Camille , Adams Emily , Figueiredo Costa Silvia , Cubas-Atienzar Ana I. ,   LSTM diagnostic group:, Bews Caitlin Greenland , Buist Kate , Clerkin Karina , Edwards Thomas , Finch Lorna , Savage Helen R. , Wardale Jahanara , Watkins Rachel , Williams Chris , Wooding Dominic ,   CONDOR steering group:, Allen A. Joy , Braybrook Julian , Buckle Peter , Cook Eloise , Dark Paul , Davis Kerrie , Hayward Gail , Gordon Adam , Halstead Anna , Harden Charlotte , Inkson Colette , Jones Naoko , Jones William , Lasserson Dan , Lee Joseph , Lendrem Clare , Lewington Andrew , Logan Mary , Micocci Massimo , Nicholson Brian , Perera-Salazar Rafael , Prestwich Graham , Price D. Ashley , Reynard Charles , Riley Beverley , Simpson John , Tate Valerie , Turner Philip , Wilcox Mark , Zhifang Melody
Published: May 2023

Evaluating rapid diagnostic tests in diverse populations is essential to improving diagnostic responses as it gives an indication of the accuracy in real-world scenarios. In the case of rapid diagnostic testing within this pandemic, lateral flow tests that meet the minimum requirements for sensitivity and specificity can play a key role in increasing testing capacity, allowing timely clinical management of those infected, and protecting health care systems.
Long-term effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors and microvascular complications in patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice: a 10-year longitudinal study
Authors: Tomah Shaheen , Zhang Hongxia , Al-Badri Marwa , Salah Tareq , Dhaver Shilton , Khater Abdelrahman , Tasabehji Mhd Wael , Hamdy Osama
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) has significantly reduced incidence of diabetes and improved many cardiovascular disease risk factors. We evaluated long-term effects of ILI on cardiometabolic risk factors, and microvascular and macrovascular complications among patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice.

Research design and methods

We evaluated 129 patients with diabetes and obesity enrolled in a 12-week translational model of ILI. At 1 year, we divided participants into group A, who maintained <7% weight loss (n=61, 47.7%), and group B, who maintained ≥7% weight loss (n=67, 52.3%). We continued to follow them for 10 years.

Results

The total cohort lost an average of 10.8±4.6 kg (−9.7%) at 12 weeks and maintained an average weight loss of 7.7±10 kg (−6.9%) at 10 years. Group A maintained 4.3±9.5 kg (−4.3%) and group B maintained 10.8±9.3 kg (−9.3%) of weight loss at 10 years (p<0.001 between groups). In group A, A1c decreased from 7.5±1.3% to 6.7±0.9% at 12 weeks but rebounded to 7.7±1.4% at 1 year and 8.0±1.9% at 10 years. In group B, A1c decreased from 7.4±1.2% to 6.4±0.9% at 12 weeks then increased to 6.8±1.2% at 1 year and 7.3±1.5% at 10 years (p<0.05 between groups). Maintenance of ≥7% weight loss at 1 year was associated with a 68% lower risk of developing nephropathy for up to 10 years compared with maintenance of <7% weight loss (adjusted HR for group B: 0.32, 95% CI 0.11, 0.9, p=0.007).

Conclusions

Weight reduction in patients with diabetes can be maintained for up to 10 years in real-world clinical practice. Sustained weight loss is associated with significantly lower A1c at 10 years and improvement in lipid profile. Maintenance of ≥7% weight loss at 1 year is associated with decreased incidence of diabetic nephropathy at 10 years.
4 Improvements in orthostatic tolerance with physical training are augmented with heat acclimation and associated plasma volume expansion; a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Parsons Iain
Published: May 2023

Background

Heat adaptation is protective against heat illness however its role in heat syncope, due to reflex mechanisms, has not been conclusively established. The aim of this study was to evaluate if heat acclimation (HA) was protective against heat syncope and to ascertain underlying physiological mechanisms.

Method

22 (17 males, 5 females) endurance trained cyclists were randomised to either 8 days of mixed active and passive HA (HEAT) or temperate exercise (CONTROL). Prior to, and following, the interventions participants underwent a HUT with graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) continued until presyncope with measurement of cardiovascular parameters. Heat stress testing was performed to determine physiological and perceptual measures of HA.

Results

There was a significant increase in orthostatic tolerance (OT), as measured by HUT/LBNP, in the HEAT group (preintervention; 28±9 mins, post-intervention; 40±7 mins) compared to CONTROL (pre-intervention; 30±8 mins, post-intervention; 33±5 mins) (p= 0.0116). Heat acclimation resulted in a significantly reduced peak and mean rectal and skin temperature (p<0.0141), peak heat rate (p<0.0033), thermal comfort (p<0.0411) and rating of perceived exertion (p<0.0251). There was a significantly increased plasma volume in the HEAT group in comparison to CONTROL (p=0.0293).

Conclusions

Heat adaptation causes improvements in OT and is likely to be beneficial in patients with heat exacerbated reflex syncope. Heat acclimation mediated PV expansion is the likely predominant physiological mechanism underlying improved OT. These data offer opportunities to improve health and wellbeing of service personnel with economic, logistical and reputational benefits for the UK Armed Forces.
Early identification and characterisation of stroke to support prehospital decision-making using artificial intelligence: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jalo Hoor , Seth Mattias , Pikkarainen Minna , Häggström Ida , Jood Katarina , Bakidou Anna , Sjöqvist Bengt Arne , Candefjord Stefan
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Stroke is a time-critical condition and one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. To decrease mortality and improve patient outcome by improving access to optimal treatment, there is an emerging need to improve the accuracy of the methods used to identify and characterise stroke in prehospital settings and emergency departments (EDs). This might be accomplished by developing computerised decision support systems (CDSSs) that are based on artificial intelligence (AI) and potential new data sources such as vital signs, biomarkers and image and video analysis. This scoping review aims to summarise literature on existing methods for early characterisation of stroke by using AI.

Methods and analysis

The review will be performed with respect to the Arksey and O’Malley’s model. Peer-reviewed articles about AI-based CDSSs for the characterisation of stroke or new potential data sources for stroke CDSSs, published between January 1995 and April 2023 and written in English, will be included. Studies reporting methods that depend on mobile CT scanning or with no focus on prehospital or ED care will be excluded. Screening will be done in two steps: title and abstract screening followed by full-text screening. Two reviewers will perform the screening process independently, and a third reviewer will be involved in case of disagreement. Final decision will be made based on majority vote. Results will be reported using a descriptive summary and thematic analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

The methodology used in the protocol is based on information publicly available and does not need ethical approval. The results from the review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings will be shared at relevant national and international conferences and meetings in the field of digital health and neurology.
1 Ground manoeuvre surgical group (GMSG) development – lessons from theatre entry
Authors:   Lt Col Jonathan A Round
Published: May 2023

In 2017, conceptual work began to develop a Role 2 Forward Surgical Capability (FSC) that could be rapidly deployable and manoeuvrable, modular and scalable, delivering Damage Control Resuscitation, Surgery and critical care patient hold. This developmental work was underpinned by lessons from other United Kingdom (UK) Role 2 light manoeuvre capabilities and exercising with a similar French capability. To standardise UK military medical descriptive nomenclature, direction was given to replace FSC with the term Ground Manoeuvre Surgical Group (GMSG).

In Autumn 2019, 34 Field Hospital were tasked with delivering a GMSG the following year, supporting a 250-strong Long Range Reconnaissance Group (LRRG) provided by the UK, contributing to the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali (MINUSMA).

Initial planning guidance was to expect long range patrols in a desert environment for four to six weeks duration with no or minimal resupply. Mali has ambient day time temperatures more than 40°C enduring for most of the year. This was judged likely to have significant impact on the safe storage of blood products and components, as well as temperature sensitive drugs while mobile on long range patrols. Existing in-service cold storage equipment was not designed to be operated while mobile nor to operate in a high ambient temperature, risking failure.

An innovative integrated temperature control solution was ultimately fielded, consisting of air-conditioned tentage, extended life cold boxes and a power solution to ensure cold box plates could remain frozen in a freezer while mobile on patrol. The integration of these capabilities led to successful delivery of medical support to the LRRG.
2 Combining medical force elements into a medical group in Mali: recommendations from operation newcombe, Mali. An opinion piece
Authors: Hivey Maj E , Lyne-Pirkis Maj C
Published: May 2023

Background

Op NEWCOMBE was the UK contribution to the UN Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) between 2019 and 2023. The UK deployed a Role 1 capability, a small surgical capability (Ground Manoeuvre Surgical Group) and Task Force Headquarters medical subject matter experts for a population at risk of ~300. Over subsequent deployments the Medical Group concept developed with the aim to optimise capability and resource, combining into one sub-Unit.

Observations

Combined operation established a clear chain of command, provided learning opportunities, and enhanced the provision of care available, whilst generating resilience. The Role 1 was able to operate at an increased capacity: >1000 patient consultations over 6 months, mass vaccinations and disease outbreak management. Duplication of assurance, governance and pre-deployment training was reduced. Patients benefited from in Theatre access to imaging, laboratory tests and consultant specialist advice, with early identification of replacement force generation requirements. The combined approach allowed rapid reaction to emergencies or periods of increased medical workload. During three of the five rotations, significant UK and international incidents were managed throughout the patient care pathway utilising the entirety of the Medical Group.

Conclusions

Future deployment models should consider this force enabling approach in the planning, force generation and deployment phases for new Operations. Early identification and adoption of a Medical Group composition ensures pre-deployment risks can be identified and mitigated early, team cohesion can be generated, duplication of training and governance can be prevented whilst optimising the provision of deployed care.
8 Bilateral engagement through sim training
Authors:   Maj (Reserve) Dr. medic Amelie Oberst, MD
Published: May 2023

During the current UN operation, the German team of Role 1 and the long-range reconnaissance group of the UK armed forces engaged in binational trauma simulation training.

The simulation was led and designed by a team of British, consisting of two senior anaesthesiologists and one senior surgeon.

The scenario was a 25-year-old unresponsive soldier with multiple gunshot wounds and a blocked airway, in a hemodynamically unstable condition. Following a structured trauma approach, the team established a surgical airway, a chest tube, a central venous line, and surgical bleeding control.

Besides the classical advantages of simulation training, our exercise provided a better understanding of different approaches and the difference in national protocols, enhanced collaboration between single participants, as well as new impulses for daily work.

This simulation training proofed that such a cooperation is supported by a common language, international algorithms, guidelines, as well as a general understanding of crew resource management. Such structures allow international teams to reach a shared goal more quickly and, therefore should be encouraged.
British Columbia freshwater salmon hatcheries demonstrate minimal contribution to piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) regional occurrence with no evidence for nonendemic strain introductions
Authors: Polinski Mark P. , Haddad Colleen A. , Siah Ahmed , Fuller Chad , Higgins Mark , Parsons Jay
Published: May 2023

Piscine orthoreovirus genotype 1 (PRV-1) is a common virus in farmed and wild salmon in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Its regional occurrence in freshwater is far less clear. From 2019 to 2021, tissues of 5619 juvenile anadromous salmon (primarily Atlantic, Chinook, and coho) sampled from 12 commercial and 27 enhancement British Columbia hatcheries during 83 sampling events were screened for PRV-1 prior to seawater entry. More than 2200 (∼40%) were also screened using a Pan-PRV assay targeting all known PRV genotypes. PRV-1 was detected in four coho salmon at two freshwater enhancement facilities and in one Chinook salmon at a commercial facility. Partial (S1 segment) genome sequencing identified detections to be of the PRV-1 subgenotype endemic to the northeastern Pacific. PRV-1 was not detected (5611 individuals; 99.9%) or test results were inconclusive (3 individuals; 0.05%) for all remaining samples screened for PRV-1. PRV-2 and PRV-3 were not detected using the Pan-PRV assay. It is concluded that commercial and enhancement freshwater hatcheries of British Columbia contribute minimally to the prevalence and persistence of PRV-1 in anadromous salmon of the northeastern Pacific, and these hatcheries appear not to have contracted or participated in the distribution of nonendemic forms of PRV in recent years.
Soliton structures for a generalized unstable space–time fractional nonlinear Schrödinger model in mathematical physics
Authors: Tariq Kalim U. , Khater Mostafa M. A. , Ilyas Medhat , Rezazadeh Hadi , Inc Mustafa
Published: May 2023

One of the most important physical models for describing the dynamics of optical soliton propagation in the theory of optical fibers is the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). Since there are so many uses for ultrafast signal routing systems and brief light pulses in telecommunication, optical soliton propagation in nonlinear optical fibers is a subject of intense current interest. The conventional Khater approach and the extended direct algebraic method are used in this research to study a generalized unstable space–time fractional NLS model in mathematical physics. This leads to the discovery of solutions for the bright, dark, periodic, rational and elliptic functions. To illustrate the physical nature of the nonlinear model, the contour plots in 3D, 2D and 2D are produced by assigning the appropriate values to the arbitrary constants. Additionally, consideration is given to the stability analysis of the solutions to the governing equation. In the current era of communications network technology and nonlinear optics, the applied strategy appears to be a more potent and effective way for producing precise optical solutions to a number of various modern models of recent generations.
Transport of chemical species alongside magnetic pseudoplastic nanomaterial through a porous surface
Authors: Rana S. , Junaid M. , Mehmood R. , Bhatti M. M.
Published: May 2023

Pseudoplastic fluids are non-Newtonian fluids with intriguing uses in current research and industry. Among many other extant models, the Sutterby fluid model is an essential viscoelastic fluid model that demonstrates shear thinning and shear thickening properties in high polymer aqueous solutions by manifesting viscous and elastic aspects during deformation. The magneto hydrodynamic effects of Sutterby nanofluid on porous elastic surfaces in the presence of chemical processes are examined in this theoretical study. By using similarity transformation, the mathematical model of a governed problem is converted into a collection of differential equations. A shooting strategy is used to solve these nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations. The velocities, temperatures, and chemical species concentrations of fluids are graphically shown. Physical quantities of importance, such as local heat and mass flow, are visually represented using bar charts. Heat and mass transport, as well as chemical species concentration, decrease with Hartman number in both suction and injection. Chemical concentration of governed fluid rises for homogeneous reactions but drops for heterogeneous reactions. Temperature and concentration of fluid increases for thermophoresis parameter but decreases for Brownian motion parameter, also the effects of injection are much stronger and higher than suction.
Free weighted (modified) differential algebras, free (modified) Rota–Baxter algebras and Gröbner–Shirshov bases
Authors: Zhu Zhicheng , Zhang Huhu , Gao Xing
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we obtain, respectively, some new linear bases of free nonunitary (modified) weighted differential algebras and free nonunitary (modified) Rota–Baxter algebras, in terms of the method of Gröbner–Shirshov bases.
Born reciprocity and relativistic generalized uncertainty principle in Finsler structure: Fundamental tensor in discretized curved spacetime
Authors: Tawfik Abdel Nasser , Dabash Tahia F.
Published: May 2023

The main findings of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), the phenomenological approach, for instance, the emergence of a minimal measurable length uncertainty, are obtained in various versions from theories of quantum gravity, such as string theory, loop quantum gravity, doubly special relativity and black hole physics. GUP counts for impacts of relativistic energies and finite gravitational fields on the fundamental theories of quantum mechanics (QM), the noncommutation and measurement uncertainty. Utilizing GUP in reconciling principles of general relativity (GR) and QM, thereby enables to draw convincing conclusions about quantum gravity. To resolve the shortcuts reported with the nonrelativistic three-dimensional GUP, namely, violation of Lorentz covariance, dependence on frame of reference, and violation of the linear additional law of momenta, we introduce relativistic four-dimensional generalized uncertainty principle (RGUP) to curved spacetime. To unify GR and QM, we apply the Born reciprocity principle (BRP), distance-momentum duality symmetry and RGUP to estimate the fundamental tensor in discretized curved spacetime. To this end, we generalize Riemann geometry. The Finsler geometry, which is characterized by manifold and Finsler structure, allows to directly apply RGUP to the Finsler structure of a free particle so that [Formula: see text] can be expressed as [Formula: see text], from which the metric tensor in discretized Riemann spacetime could be deduced. We conclude that [Formula: see text] is homogeneous with degree [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], while [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-homogeneous resulting in [Formula: see text]. Despite, the astonishing similarity with the conformal transformation, know as Weyl tensor, this study suggests that principles of QMs could be unambiguously imposed on the resulting fundamental tensor. Also, we conclude that the features of Finsler geometry assumed in this study are likely the ones of the duel Hamilton geometry.
VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR FRACTAL BOUSSINESQ-LIKE B(m,n) EQUATION
Authors: WANG YAN , GEPREEL KHALED A. , YANG YONG-JU
Published: May 2023

The variational theory has triggered skyrocketing interest in the solitary theory, and the semi-inverse method has laid the foundation for the search for a variational formulation for a nonlinear system. This paper gives a brief review of the last development of the fractal soliton theory and discusses the variational principle for fractal Boussinesq-like [Formula: see text] equation in the literature. The paper establishes a variational formulation for [Formula: see text] equation to show the effectiveness of the semi-inverse method, and a general trial-Lagrange function with two free parameters is established for [Formula: see text] equation, the identification of the unknown parameters and the unknown function involved in the trial-Lagrange function is shown step by step. This paper opens a new path for the fractal variational theory.
YANG TRANSFORM FOR THE HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION METHOD: PROMISE FOR FRACTAL-FRACTIONAL MODELS
Authors: NADEEM MUHAMMAD , LI ZITIAN
Published: May 2023

This study presents the modified form of the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), and the Yang transform is adopted to simplify the solving process for the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky (KS) problem with fractal derivatives. This scheme is established by combining the two-scale fractal scheme and Yang transform, which is very helpful to evaluate the approximate solution of the fractal KS problem. Initially, we transfer the fractal problem into its partners using the two-scale fractal approach, and then we use the Yang transform ([Formula: see text]T) to obtain the recurrent relation. Second, the HPM is then introduced to deal with the nonlinear elements of the fractal model. The numerical example demonstrates how the suggested technique is incredibly straightforward and precise for nonlinear fractal models. In addition, the graphical error of the proposed fractal model is compared with the calculated results of our suggested approach and the exact results. This graphical error displays the strength and authenticity of our proposed scheme.
THE PARAMETERIZED INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES INVOLVING TWICE-DIFFERENTIABLE GENERALIZED n-POLYNOMIAL CONVEXITY UNDER THE FRAMEWORK OF FRACTAL DOMAINS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: DU TINGSONG , XU LEI , YUAN XIAOMAN
Published: May 2023

A fractal integral identity with the parameter [Formula: see text] related to twice-differentiable mappings is first proposed in this paper. Based on the identity, the parameterized inequalities over the fractal domains are then derived for the mappings whose second-order derivatives in absolute value at certain powers are generalized [Formula: see text]-polynomial convex, which is the main purpose of this investigation. Moreover, a series of fractal findings of some applications, involving the special mean values, the midpoint formulas, the moments of random variable and the wave equations on Cantor sets, are acquired correspondingly.
An aggressive reduction on the complexity of optimization for non-strongly convex objectives
Authors: Luo Zhijian , Chen Siyu , Hou Yueen , Gao Yanzeng , Qian Yuntao
Published: May 2023

Tremendous efficient optimization methods have been proposed for strongly convex objectives optimization in modern machine learning. For non-strongly convex objectives, a popular approach is to apply a reduction from non-strongly convex to a strongly convex case via regularization techniques. Reduction on objectives with adaptive decrease on regularization tightens the optimal convergence of algorithms to be independent on logarithm factor. However, the initialization of parameter of regularization has a great impact on the performance of the reduction. In this paper, we propose an aggressive reduction to reduce the complexity of optimization for non-strongly convex objectives, and our reduction eliminates the impact of the initialization of parameter on the convergent performances of algorithms. Aggressive reduction not only adaptively decreases the regularization parameter, but also modifies regularization term as the distance between current point and the approximate minimizer. Our aggressive reduction can also shave off the non-optimal logarithm term theoretically, and make the convergent performance of algorithm more compact practically. Experimental results on logistic regression and image deblurring confirm this success in practice.
Scattering from infinity for semilinear wave equations satisfying the null condition or the weak null condition
Authors: Lindblad Hans , Schlue Volker
Published: May 2023

We show global existence backward from scattering data at infinity for semilinear wave equations satisfying the null condition or the weak null condition. Semilinear terms satisfying the weak null condition appear in many equations in physics. The scattering data is given in terms of the radiation field, although in the case of the weak null condition there is an additional logarithmic term in the asymptotic behavior that has to be taken into account. Our results are sharp in the sense that the solution has the same spatial decay as the radiation field does along null infinity, which is assumed to decay at a rate that is consistent with the forward problem. The proof uses a higher order asymptotic expansion together with a new fractional Morawetz estimate with strong weights at infinity.
Convergence to a diffusive contact wave for solutions to a system of hyperbolic balance laws
Authors: Zeng Yanni
Published: May 2023

We consider a [Formula: see text] system of hyperbolic balance laws that is the converted form under inverse Hopf–Cole transformation of a Keller–Segel type chemotaxis model. We study Cauchy problem when Cauchy data connect two different end-states as [Formula: see text]. The background wave is a diffusive contact wave of the reduced system. We establish global existence of solution and study the time asymptotic behavior. In the special case where the cellular population initially approaches its stable equilibrium value as [Formula: see text], we obtain nonlinear stability of the diffusive contact wave under smallness assumption. In the general case where the population initially does not approach to its stable equilibrium value at least at one of the far fields, we use a correction function in the time asymptotic ansatz, and show that the population approaches logistically to its stable equilibrium value. Our result shows two significant differences when comparing to Euler equations with damping. The first one is the existence of a secondary wave in the time asymptotic ansatz. This implies that our solutions converge to the diffusive contact wave slower than those of Euler equations with damping. The second one is that the correction function logistically grows rather than exponentially decays.
Distributed Node Deployment Algorithms in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Challenges
Authors: Sadeghi Ghahroudi Mahsa , Shahrabi Alireza , Ghoreyshi Seyed Mohammad , Alfouzan Faisal Abdulaziz
Published: May 2023

From the coverage and connectivity perspective, a wide range of applications in wireless sensor networks rely on node deployment algorithms to accomplish their functionalities. This is especially of great significance when the sensor nodes are mobile and can autonomously move to appropriate locations to provide optimal or near-optimal coverage. In this article, we review the state of the art of deployment algorithms proposed for blanket coverage in mobile wireless sensor networks. To this, we first discuss the node deployment challenges and their impact on network performance from different perspectives. Afterwards, currently available deployment algorithms in mobile sensor networks are categorised into two main categories: Force-based, and Geometrical deployment algorithms. The advantages and disadvantages of each category are discussed, and the latest advancements are then presented. Finally, we present a qualitative comparison of all the algorithms reported in the literature and also discuss some possible future directions.
SplitRPC: A {Control + Data} Path Splitting RPC Stack for ML Inference Serving
Authors: Kumar Adithya , Sivasubramaniam Anand , Zhu Timothy
Published: May 2023

The growing adoption of hardware accelerators driven by their intelligent compiler and runtime system counterparts has democratized ML services and precipitously reduced their execution times. This motivates us to shift our attention to efficiently serve these ML services under distributed settings and characterize the overheads imposed by the RPC mechanism ('RPC tax') when serving them on accelerators. The RPC implementations designed over the years implicitly assume the host CPU services the requests, and we focus on expanding such works towards accelerator-based services. While recent proposals calling for SmartNICs to take on this task are reasonable for simple kernels, serving complex ML models requires a more nuanced view to optimize both the data-path and the control/orchestration of these accelerators. We program today's commodity network interface cards (NICs) to split the control and data paths for effective transfer of control while efficiently transferring the payload to the accelerator. As opposed to unified approaches that bundle these paths together, limiting the flexibility in each of these paths, we design and implement SplitRPC - a control + data path optimizing RPC mechanism for ML inference serving. SplitRPC allows us to optimize the datapath to the accelerator while simultaneously allowing the CPU to maintain full orchestration capabilities. We implement SplitRPC on both commodity NICs and SmartNICs and demonstrate how GPU-based ML services running different compiler/runtime systems can benefit. For a variety of ML models served using different inference runtimes, we demonstrate that SplitRPC is effective in minimizing the RPC tax while providing significant gains in throughput and latency over existing kernel by-pass approaches, without requiring expensive SmartNIC devices.
TNT: A Modular Approach to Traversing Physically Heterogeneous NOCs at Bare-wire Latency
Authors: Ravi Gokul Subramanian , Krishna Tushar , Lipasti Mikko
Published: May 2023

The ideal latency for on-chip network traversal would be the delay incurred from wire traversal alone. Unfortunately, in a realistic modular network, the latency for a packet to traverse the network is significantly higher than this wire delay. The main limiter to achieving lower latency is the modular quantization of network traversal into hops. Beyond this, the physical heterogeneity in real-world systems further complicate the ability to reach ideal wire-only delay.

In this work, we propose
TNT
or
Transparent Network Traversal
. TNT targets ideal network latency by attempting source to destination network traversal as a single multi-cycle ‘long-hop’, bypassing the quantization effects of intermediate routers via transparent data/information flow. TNT is built in a modular tile-scalable manner via a novel control path performing neighbor-to-neighbor interactions but enabling end-to-end transparent flit traversal. Further, TNT’s fine grained on-the-fly delay tracking allows it to cope with physical NOC heterogeneity across the chip.

Analysis on Ligra graph workloads shows that TNT can reduce NOC latency by as much as 43% compared to the state of the art and allows efficiency gains up to 38%. Further, it can achieve more than 3x the benefits of the best/closest alternative research proposal, SMART [
43
].
Magnetoeletric Backscatter Communication for Millimeter-Sized Wireless Biomedical Implants
Authors: Yu Zhanghao , Alrashdan Fatima T. , Wang Wei , Parker Matthew , Chen Xinyu , Chen Frank Y. , Woods Joshua , Chen Zhiyu , Robinson Jacob T. , Yang Kaiyuan
Published: May 2023

Magnetoelectric power transfer has shown remarkable promise for the development of wireless millimetric bioelectronic implants with its low tissue absorption, high efficiency, and low misalignment sensitivity. Utilizing the same physical mechanism for power and communication is critical for implant miniaturization. For the first time, we designed and demonstrated near-zero power magnetoelectric backscatter from mm-sized implants by exploiting the converse magnetostriction effects. The prototype system consists of an 8.2-mm3 wireless implant integrating an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that achieves frequency-shift-keying backscattering via capacitive load modulation and a custom transceiver demodulating data through frequency-to-digital conversion. The magnetoelectric backscatter archives > 1 kbps data rate at the 335-kHz carrier frequency, with a communication distance greater than 2 cm and a bit error rate (BER) less than 1E-3.
Localize Yourself in Malls: An Anatomy of a Commercial Localization System with One-million Users
Authors: Hu Yuming , Qian Feng , Yin Zhimeng , Li Zhenhua , Ji Zhe , Han Yeqiang , Xu Qiang , Jiang Wei
Published: May 2023

The past two decades have witnessed the surge of smartphones and mobile applications. When going out, people will naturally open the map application (such as Google Maps) to find their current location (i.e., localization) and the way to their destination (i.e., navigation). At the same time, many people rely on their smartphones for localization when they walk into shopping malls, especially in large shopping centers. In outdoor environments, we usually leverage GPS to estimate our location. However, satellite signals are oftentimes weak inside buildings, resulting in large positioning errors and thus a poor navigation experience for users.
(Invited) Techno-Economic Analysis on Near-Term and Future Projections of Levelized Cost of Hydrogen for Low-Temperature Water Electrolysis Technologies
Authors: Acevedo Yaset , Huya-Kouadio Jennie , Prosser Jacob , McNamara Kevin , James Brian
Published: May 2023

To explore the near-term and future cost projection of hydrogen production via water electrolysis, Strategic Analysis, Inc. (SA) has developed a bottom-up project cost model for Alkaline, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM), and Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) electrolysis technologies. This project cost model incorporates: 1) Stack cost, derived from a Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) process-based cost model; 2) mechanical balance of plant (BOP) cost; 3) electrical BOP cost; 4) site preparation cost; and 5) construction overhead cost. The SA project cost model results are fed into the Hydrogen Analysis (H2A) model to estimate the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH), accounting for electricity and water consumption, in addition to other operating costs. The SA project cost model and the H2A model were used to conceptualize electrolysis system sizes from 100 MW to 1 GW. SA conducted operating point optimization to determine the current density and cell voltage that minimizes LCOH for each system. The expected LCOH for a grid-fed electrolyzer plant is similar for all major low-temperature water electrolysis systems.
Exsolution of Iron Nanoparticles from LCTFeO3 for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zuo Shangshang , Naden Aaron , Irvine John Thomas Sirr
Published: May 2023

Perovskite oxides (ABO3) with stable structures and flexible compositions are considered to be alternative catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). With A-site deficiency in a perovskite, the doping metals in the B-site may be exsolved by calcination in a reduction atmosphere, which is a promising approach to increasing the activity of the catalyst. Here, an iron doped La(0.2+x)Ca(0.7-x)Ti(1-x)FexO3 (x = 0.05, 0.3, LCTFex) perovskite is successfully synthesized by a mild sol-gel method, and the iron nanoparticles anchored perovskite (R-LCTFex) can be fabricated after reduction under 5% H2/N2 atmosphere in a tubular furnace, which can be seen clearly in SEM and STEM images. Notably, the onset overpotential of R-LCTFe0.3 is reduced by 130 mV compared with LCTFe0.3 and the current density of R-LCTFe0.3 is 12-fold higher than LCTFe0.3 at the overpotential of 530 mV. The enhanced OER performance is triggered by the exsolution of Fe nanoparticles. This study establishes that exsolution of metal nanoparticles from a perovskite is a useful tactic for enhancing OER performance.
CNTFET-based Data Independent Power Efficient and Robust 8T SRAM Cell
Authors: Yalla Alekhya , Nanda Umakanta
Published: May 2023

A new carbon nano-tube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) based Power Efficient and Robust 8T (PER-8T) SRAM cell is proposed to reduce sub-threshold leakage currents, data dependency by improving RBL swing due to which RSNM is improved. Leakage power is reduced by using only single pull-up transistor with High V

t
in storage latch. Half-select issue is eliminated since proposed work uses de-coupled read port. This CNTFET based proposed PER-8T cell is analysed for performance parameters like power, delay and stability and compared to 8T SRAM cells at 45 nm technology. All simulations are performed at supply voltage of 0.9 V considering Stanford Virtual Source CNTFET(VS-CNTFET) model. It shows that RSNM and WSNM are improved by 12.07%, 14.85%, 56% and 46.46%, 20.39%, 66.05% compared to single ended 8T SRAM cells available in recent literature. Effects of VS-CNTFET parameters such as dielectric material, temperature, oxide thickness and carbon nano tube diameter values on hold power is analysed and best values are considered. The cadence tool is used for measuring all design metrics at room temperature of 25 °C.