bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral projection of neurones of the C6 segment to S1 and S2 segments of the spinal cord in the cat
Authors: Krutki Piotr
Published: December 2023

Sacral projections of neurones located in the C6 segment of the spinal cord were electrophysiologically investigated in alpha-chloralose anaesthetized cats. The cell bodies were found mainly in lamina VIII and in the ventromedial part of lamina VII of the C6 segment. At the thoracic level their axons descended in lateral funiculi, mostly on both sides and only exceptionally contra- or ipsilaterally. However, bilateral projection to sacral segments was less frequent (25 neurones). It is concluded that axons terminate at different levels on both sides of the spinal cord and only part of them project bilaterally to S1/S2 segments. Conduction velocities calculated for all the axons varied from 38 to 80 m/s and were significantly slower for their distal parts. Therefore it is suggested that descending axons send collaterals at various spinal levels. The presented data indicate the importance of these neurones for interlimb coordination.
Involvement of the motor trigeminal nucleus in respiratory phase-switching in the cat
Authors: Pokorski Mieczysław , Gromysz Henryk
Published: December 2023

We investigated the hypothesis that the motor trigeminal nucleus, consisting of expiratory motoneurons, might be influential in termination of inspiration. We addressed the issue by comparing the effects on neural respiration of a reversible, unilateral, pharmacologic blockade of the motor trigeminal nucleus (5M), the medial parabrachial nucleus (PB), and of other nearby structures that are neutral for respiration in anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats. The blockade was achieved by microinjections of 2% xylocaine, laced with Pontamine Sky Blue to identify sites of injections, from the tip of a penetrating microelectrode. Integrated phrenic neurograms were recorded to quantify the time of neural inspiration (TI), expiration (TE), and the peak phrenic amplitude. We found that blockade of the 5M caused a pattern of apneustic respiration, consisting of a selective prolongation of inspiratory phases that were interrupted by short expiratory pauses. In contrast, blockade of the PB resulted in a prolongation of both TI and TE, which corresponds to a mere slowing of respiration. The results confirmed important functions of the rostral pons in ventilatory control but pointed to the 5M rather than PB as a structure underlying the inspiratory off-switch. We conclude that the motor trigeminal nucleus may have a part in the pontine pneumotaxic mechanism.
Changes of intertrial response rate with elapse of time after two-way avoidance trial in rats
Authors: Zieliński Kazimierz , Nikolaev Eugeniusz
Published: December 2023

The changes of intertrial response (ITR) rate along the intertrial interval duration were examined in 30 rats trained in two-way avoidance. The lowest ITR rate was observed just after a cross-through response terminating a trial. Rats trained with a warning signal of darkness showed over-all higher ITR rates and shorter periods of post-trial reduction of ITR rate than rats trained with a more salient noise warning signal. The period of post-trial low ITR rate lengthened in consecutive sessions indicating the gradual development of a safety state.
Zopiclone versus Diazepam effects on EEG power maps in healthy volunteers
Authors: Yamadera Hiroshi , Kato Masaaki , Tsukahara Yasuji , Brandeis Daniel , Okuma Teruo
Published: December 2023

EEG effects of zopiclone (7.5 mg), a cyclopyrrolone derivative with hypnotic action, were compared with effects of diazepam (10 mg). Multichannel EEG recordings, double-blind crossover trials with placebo, and oral single doses were used in healthy volunteers. Vigilance-controlled EEG before and after zopiclone (and placebo), and before and after diazepam (and placebo) were analyzed into FFT power spectra. Effects were assessed as placebo-referred pre-post-medication power differences in four frequency bands. Overall statistics showed significant (P
Electrophysiological investigations of the mild spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Kochanowski Jan , Harat Marek
Published: December 2023

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) waveform recorded from the normal and injured spinal cord in rats were analyzed. A mild compression spinal cord injury was performed in two experimental models. The first model was used to assess the disappearance and the second one the return of the electrophysiological spinal cord function after injury. In the first experimental model typical changes in waveforms morphology from normal to isoelectric line during spinal cord compression were investigated. In the second model an isoelectric line was achieved by more severe but a shorter time of compression and the typical changes in SEPs morphology after decompression were described. Our evidence suggests that the spinal cord function disappears gradually during mild compression and can return early after decompression. The amplitude after decompression first improved and then gradually deteriorated which is probably caused by secondary insult. Experimental models are both effective and simple and may be used to evaluate the effect of treatment of spinal cord injuries.
Effect of acoustic stimulus characteristics on the startle response in hooded rats
Authors: Błaszczyk Janusz , Tajchert Katarzyna
Published: December 2023

The acoustic startle response (ASR) depends on stimulus parameters such as duration, intensity and particularly on the stimulus rise time. The aim of our study was to determine to what extent the ASR parameters are affected by the spectral characteristics of the stimulus. Therefore, in this experiment the amplitude and the latency of the acoustic startle reflex were assessed for a fixed pulse duration and for a variety of stimulus frequencies ranging between 3 and 23 kHz. The ASRs were studied in 11 adult hooded rats exposed to 2-ms (120 dB SPL) tone pulses of different frequencies presented in random order, with or without 70 dB white noise background. Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant differences between ASR amplitudes for different frequencies. In our experimental situation the rats responded more readily to a low frequency stimulus. The startle amplitude decreased with tonal frequencies and distinguishable difference were seen for 3, 7, and 10 kHz pulses. However, such differences were not readily observed for higher frequencies i.e. 15, 20, 23 kHz. The same pattern of differences was observed when the acoustic stimulus was presented with the white noise background. The observed differences may be attributed, firstly, to a spectral characteristic of the stimulus and thus to an audibility in rats and secondly to a behavioral meaning of a stimulus of a different frequency.
ApoE polymorphism in Polish patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lalowski Maciej , Czyżewski Krzysztof , Pfeffer Anna , Barcikowska Maria , Kwieciński Hubert
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer's disease is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of CNS. The presence of APOE-epsilon 4 allele is known to increase the risk of early and late onset sporadic and late onset familial forms of AD. In various Western European countries, USA, Canada, Japan and Australia the allelic frequency ranges between 0.1–0.18 in controls, and between 0.24–0.52 in AD patients. In the present study on Polish population, we analyzed the frequency of APOE-epsilon 4 allele in persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE genotypes were determined in 30 mild to moderate AD (83%) and mixed dementia (MIX, 17%), as well as in 11 nondemented first- degree relatives of AD (NDR), recruited from AD patient registry in Warsaw. Among the AD and MIX patients the APOE-epsilon 4, epsilon 3, epsilon 2 allele frequency was 0.333, 0.65 and 0.017 respectively.
Novel environment as a stress-inducing factor. An event-related potentials study
Authors: Michalski Andrzej
Published: December 2023

The effect of stress induced by the novelty of a situation was evaluated by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Potentials, recorded with Fz, Cz and Pz electrodes, were evoked by flashing red and yellow LED diodes. A standard "odd ball" procedure was used, in which flashes of one color were mentally counted (target stimuli). ERPs evoked by target and non-target stimuli recorded in the first session of the experiment were compared with those recorded at least 40 min later. The early waves and P200 components indicated the increased responsiveness during the initial sessions. Amplitudes of both components were significantly larger. Latencies of the early waves were also significantly shorter. The effects were present in responses to both target and non-target stimuli. In contrast, the latency of P300 wave was significantly elongated during the first recording. Grand-averaged curves indicated also a reduction of P300 amplitude, but when individual waves were analyzed, the effect did not reach the level of statistical significance. It was suggested that the novel situation could be employed as a model of relatively pure stress, useful in the interpretation of other results such as the effects of pain.
Konflik Identitas Melahirkan Surat Kabar: Sejarah Surat Kabar Mandailing Tahun 1923 di Kota Medan
Authors: Ayu Ayu Astuti , Pujiati  , Warjio
Published: December 2023

This article discusses one of the newspapers that was born during the Dutch colonial period in Medan City, namely the Mandailing Newspaper which was published in 1923. Through historical method and approach, the results of the research show that the presence of the Mandailing Newspaper was based on the conflict between the Batak and Mandailing ethnic groups which then gave birth to each group as a follower. Batak ethnic and some others choose Mandailing ethnicity. Those who joined Mandailing then founded the Mandailing Newspaper, spearheaded by Abdoellah Lubis. The initial aim of establishing the Mandailing Newspaper was to fight the concept of Batak ethnicity. However, in its development, this newspaper also reported on foreign issues, advice, independence ideas and the Islamic world. It is called the Mandailing Newspaper because this Mandailing newspaper is a newspaper whose role is to convey or channel the voices of the community and specifically Mandailing people wherever they are, especially in Medan. In this way, the Mandailing Newspaper contributed to the coloring of press activities during that period in Medan City.
Keywords: Ethnic, Medan City, and Mandailing Newspaper.
Kearifan Lokal Dalam Konservasi Sumber Mata Air Pada Situs Arkeologi di Kabupaten Dompu
Authors: Arisanti Nyoman
Published: December 2023

The presence of spring in Dompu Regency is an asset for the sustainability of natural resources and cultural resources in the surrounding area. This study aims to determine the conservation efforts of springs in the Dompu site area based on local wisdom and its current impact. This research utilizes ecological, isotope, and hydrochemical approaches. Data was collected through field observations and water sampling at the Riwo Spring. The data were analyzed using ecological, isotope, and hydrochemical approaches to samples of water followed by qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of isotope and hydrochemical studies on the Riwo spring, it showed that the spring has good water quality, which means it is still suitable for consumption and this spring is young, so the balance of the surrounding environment is very important to maintain. The sustainability of springs is sought by applying local wisdom, one of which is leka dana. Leka dana can be used to determine policies for environmental conservation policy, conservation of forest catchment areas, and sustainable springs in Dompu Regency. Based on the results of the isotope and hydrochemical study result, it is recommended that in Riwo Spring areas and the surrounding forest, which served as recharge areas, should not be cleared for plantations or settlements. These recharge areas should be preserved and if necessary reforested.
Keywords: spring conservation, archeology, natural isotopes, hydrochemistry, local wisdom
Rotting Banyu dan Suwinih sebagai Penerapan Pajak dalam Pemanfaatan Air Irigasi Subak
Authors: Kamandalu Si Gede Bandem , Laksmi Ni Ketut Puji Astiti , Zuraidah  , Prihatmoko Hedwi
Published: December 2023

Farming is one of the efforts made by humans to get food. Agricultural activities continue to experience development and dynamics starting from simple level to more complex level. The complexity of agricultural activities has been mentioned in inscriptions issued during the reign of the ancient Balinese kingdoms of the 9th to 15th centuries which was indicated by the existence of agriculture based on a regular pattern. This research focuses on discussing the implementation of taxes in the use of subak irrigation water both during the Ancient Bali period and today. The data collection process in this study includes literature review, interviews, and observation. The data that has been collected is then processed using a descriptive-qualitative analysis, this analysis emphasized on the quality of the description in its presentation. The ethnoarchaeological analysis is also used in this study, the purpose of which is to provide an analogy to the implementation of taxes in the subak area. The result of this study indicated that there were conceptual similarities between rotting banyu and suwinih which is a form of implementation of water tax on paddy field management.
Keywords: rotting banyu; suwinih; irrigaton; subak gede pulagan-kumba
In search of the relationship between predisposition to addictions and impulsivity in online players from the resentment perspective
Authors: Karbowski Mariusz G.
Published: December 2023

Over the past few years, there has been a great development of audiovisual electronic media. It brings great opportunities in many scientific fields but is also subject to many judgments of criticism from opponents. Therefore, in view of the enormity of the changes and expansion of the culture, many circles wonder and analyze what changes occur among adults under the influence of these means and especially online games. The author, based on his own research, presents a new psychological approach between the predisposition to addictions and impulsivity in the light of ressentiment. Seventy-two people participated in the study, and the IVE Impulsivity Questionnaire, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGD-20 Test) and Ressentiment Questionnaire were used. The results of the study showed that there is a link between impulsivity and addiction propensity, but it is determined by the degree of impulsivity in a person. On the other hand, ressentiment in the emotion regulatory system appeared as a negative feeling resulting from a sense of unfulfillment in an online game causing a mental state that extends over time and is underpinned by various types of emotionally tinged reactions. What can cause these feelings to turn into revenge without concrete actions-inducing hatred, but not leading to infliction of harm-and causing jealousy, which will not be confirmed by acts of jealousy. In light of this research, the negative emotion that is generated during online game interaction relates to personal experiences and can affect the emotional state and components of environmental attitudes.
Compensatory measure in the form of adjudication of the obligation to repair damage or compensation – civil law analysis
Authors: Grela Jacek
Published: December 2023

The Polish legal system, despite the fact that it consists of a number of separate branches, in many situations these fields intermingle. The crux of the problem lies in the possibility of using legal institutions by a particular branch of law, systemically assigned to another of them. The conducted interpretation of Article 46 1 of the Criminal Code and the analysis of the statements of the science of law and the judicature lead to the conclusion that the concept of „application of civil law” on the grounds of this regulation is not limited to only a few provisions of the Civil Code, but orders to take into account a wide variety of legal solutions. In addition, the current construction of the compensation measure in question leads to the thesis that criminal courts should fully and definitively adjudicate on the obligation to repair the damage caused by the crime or to compensate for the harm suffered.
Intravitreal injections in the context of incarcerated patients
Authors: Dzięgielewski Jędrzej , Barczak Iga , Dalkowska Barbara , Furga Artur
Published: December 2023

Recommendation: The paper provides a new perspective on issues related to intravitreal injections in the context of incarcerated patients, taking into account specific challenges, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and the awareness that complications associated with this procedure can pose a much greater challenge for both the staff and the patient. Objective: To examine and present scientific knowledge and its relevance to the treatment of incarcerated patients. Materials and Methods: Review of available literature using PubMed and Google Scholar platforms. Results and Conclusions: Bacterial infections of the intraocular chambers are serious complications of intravitreal injections, with Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus, being the main etiological factor. Faster development of infections in the case of Streptococcus viridans, which may result in advanced visual impairment. Animal studies reveal the pathomechanisms of retinal damage, expanding the perspectives on treatment and prevention. Potential neuroprotective effects of the fusion of elastin-like peptide (ELP) with αB-crystallin. Significant positive impact of wearing protective masks and maintaining silence during the procedure.Implications: Identified complications and pathogenetic mechanisms constitute a significant contribution to understanding this subject matter, which can be valuable for medical practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers involved in healthcare in correctional facilities.
Separatyzm normatywny i przenoszenie konfliktów
Authors: Repetowicz Witold
Published: December 2023

W wyniku masowej migracji trwale zmieniła się kompozycja etnoreligijna Europy oraz pojawiły się nowe mniejszości etniczne, np. Kurdowie. Spis powszechny, który przeprowadzono w Anglii i Szkocji i w którym osobno uwzględniono takie kategorie jak tożsamości narodowa, etniczna, religijna oraz używany język, pozwala na przeanalizowanie zależności między tymi tożsamościami a stopniem integracji. We Francji, po serii zamachów terrorystycznych oraz w związku z coraz częstszym odrzucaniem przez miejscowych muzułmanów konstytucyjnej zasady laickości, wprowadzono ustawę przeciwko separatyzmowi. Wiąże się to ze zdefiniowaniem odrzucenia zasad ustrojowych Francji z pobudek islamistycznych jako separatyzmu islamskiego. Właściwsze wydaje się jednak określenie tego zjawiska jako separatyzm normatywny. Innym problemem jest przenoszenie konfliktów spoza Europy na jej terytorium, np. konfliktu kurdyjsko-tureckiego.
Geoinżynieria klimatu i geowładza jako wyzwania cywilizacyjne
Authors: Waszewski Jan
Published: December 2023

Geoinżynieria klimatu stanowi zbiór proponowanych lub poddawanych eksperymentom wielkoskalowych rozwiązań technicznych, których celem jest modyfikacja czynników kształtujących pogodę. W niniejszym artykule geoinżynieria została omówiona jako zbiór rozwiązań mających na celu przeciwdziałanie przyczynom zmian klimatycznych wynikających z nadmiernej emisji gazów cieplarnianych. W tym sensie jest ona jednym z wymiarów bezpieczeństwa klimatycznego i wyłaniającego się pola geowładzy, czyli posiadania zdolności do kształtowania klimatu za pomocą geoinżynierii. W artykule zostały przedstawione różne koncepcje rozwiązań wyłaniających się w jej ramach, główne wyzwania z nimi związane, najważniejsi aktorzy działający w tym obszarze oraz narracje dotyczące tej tematyki.
GERENCIAMENTO INCORRETO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DE SERVIÇO DE SAÚDE: IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Da Silva Victor Gabriel Ferreira , Simas Jennyfer Reis , Lopes Graciana de Sousa
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Discutir a importância do gerenciamento correto dos RSS. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa de literatura. Resultados: Para gerir e minimizar os riscos e problemas associados ao gerenciamento inadequado de RSS, deve se seguir padrões que definem os requisitos em cada etapa da gerência destes. Conclusão: os modelos de gestão devem pautados na responsabilidade ambiental e social para o desenvolvimento econômico, bem como na defensão de políticas e práticas sustentáveis do meio ambiente e a preservação da saúde.
Android-Based Personal Hygiene Educational Game Application for Children
Authors: Ida Nuraida Latif , Ratnawati  , Rohayati Arifin  , Wisda  , Nurmila
Published: December 2023

Presently, there remains a deficiency in educational games aimed at instilling in children an awareness of personal hygiene, and numerous health issues stem from a lack of adherence to good hygiene practices. This study seeks to develop an Android-based educational game catering to the hygiene needs of young children, with a focus on assessing the application's feasibility. The research collected system-building data through observations and interviews, employing the Black Box testing method to evaluate the application's usability. Field and library research contributed to the acquisition of comprehensive data. The study's outcome is the creation of an Android-based educational game dedicated to teaching personal hygiene to children. Utilizing the UML design method, the author constructed and integrated the game into the Unity 3D application, enabling children to grasp the significance of cleanliness and environmental hygiene through engaging gameplay. Evaluation results indicate the suitability of the personal hygiene education game, with a learning menu percentage of 78% and a play menu percentage of 77%, as determined by questionnaire-based tests, affirming the system's appropriateness for use.
Business Practice Note No. 10: Risk and professional indemnity insurance
Authors: Paul Rob
Published: December 2023

Rob Paul provides an introduction to the three main types of risk that engineering practices face and considers the steps they can take to minimise or mitigate these.
Transformation of a 1960s concrete structure – George Green Library, Nottingham University
Authors: Fernandez Stephen
Published: December 2023

The George Green Library at the University of Nottingham has been transformed from an underused 1960s building into a new, modern facility with high sustainability credentials, designed to achieve a BREEAM rating of 'Excellent'. The redevelopment project consisted of two main parts: a complete refurbishment and overhaul of the existing library building (with low ceiling heights); and a new curved extension to increase the total useable space. A new facade ‘wraps’ around the existing building and extension, creating a unifying aesthetic. The works have doubled the number of individual and group learning spaces and the library is combined with a new 'social hub' catering area. The existing building has been transformed through major structural interventions and significant repair works to address defects that were only uncovered as the refurbishment progressed. The library remained in use throughout the construction works.
Technical Guidance Note (Level 2, No. 13): Masonry cladding to steel-framed buildings
Authors: O'Regan Chris
Published: December 2023

Since the invention of medium-storey framed structures in the late 1800s, there has been a need to clad them with a reasonably robust material that acts as an efficient barrier to the external environment. Masonry delivers the performance required of a cladding system on multiple fronts. It has therefore developed from a load-bearing element within structures to become a component of an envelope to larger framed buildings. This Technical Guidance Note introduces structural engineers to the interfaces between a primary structure that is principally formed from steelwork and a masonry cladding system.
The Determination of “Basic Security Interests” in the WTO Security Exception Clause
Authors: Zhao Shuo
Published: December 2023

The WTO security exception clause is the product of balancing national security interests and economic and trade development. Because the terms of “basic security interests” are vague, there are some problems in the actual determination. By analyzing the problems in application, this paper concludes that the methodological path for determining basic security interests is subject to objective conditions and the principle of good faith, while taking into account the development of non-traditional security interests, under the prerequisite of safeguarding the right of members to self-determination. In today’s ever-changing political and economic situation, the game between development and security will be the background for a long time. How to promote members to reach a consensus on basic security interests within the WTO system is a new topic and challenge.
SITUATION OF DENTAL CARIES AND GINGIVITIS AMONG ETHNIC MINORITY STUDENTS AT BOARDING SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE IN 2017
Authors: Nguyen Hai Đang , Pham Van Thao , Nguyen Khang
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To describe the current status of dental caries and gingivitis among ethnic minority students at boarding secondary schools in Tuyen Quang province in 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 1,665 ethnic minority students at 6 boarding secondary schools in Tuyen Quang Province. The characteristics of the incidence of dental caries and gingivitis were evaluated according to gender; the rates of caries of primary and permanent teeth were evaluated according to school; the rates of caries and the index of lost fillings of primary and permanent teeth, dental caries, the prevalence of tartar, and bleeding gums were evaluated according to school. Results: The rate of dental caries accounted for 59.3%, of which the rate of permanent tooth decay accounted for 52.3%; the rate of baby tooth decay was 44.6%. Among students with tooth decay, 44.4% had enamel caries; dentin caries rate accounted for 34.2%, and 21.5% had complicated caries. The index of decayed, missing, filled, teeth (DMFT) was 1.93, of which permanent teeth were 1.61, lost teeth were 0.20, and filling teeth were 0.11. The index of DMFT of milk teeth was 1.48, the index of decayed teeth was 1.21, the missing teeth were 0.15, and the filling teeth were 0.13. Gum disease accounted for 46.3% of the students studied. The rate of students with tartar was 34.1%. The average rate of students with bleeding gums was 12.3%. Conclusion: Dental caries, gingivitis, and tartar accounted for a relatively high rate among ethnic minority students at boarding secondary schools in Tuyen Quang Province.
HIỆU QUẢ CỦA PHENYLEPHRINE TRONG DỰ PHÒNG TỤT HUYẾT ÁP SAU KHỞI MÊ BẰNG PROPOFOL CHO PHẪU THUẬT CẮT HOẠI TỬ BỎNG VÀ GHÉP DA
Authors: Võ Văn Hiển
Published: December 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả dự phòng tụt huyết áp (HA) của phenylephrine khi kết hợp với propofol để khởi mê trong phẫu thuật cắt hoại tử và ghép da ở bệnh nhân (BN) bỏng. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu can thiệp lâm sàng trên 100 BN tuổi từ 18 - 60, ASA I-II, không có tiền sử mắc bệnh tim mạch, được chia ngẫu nhiên thành 2 nhóm: Nhóm 1 (n = 50) được khởi mê bằng propofol kết hợp với phenylephrine liều 50mcg; nhóm 2 (n = 50) được khởi mê bằng propofol kết hợp với phenylephrine liều 100mcg. Kết quả: Từ phút thứ nhất đến phút thứ năm sau khởi mê HA tâm thu, HA tâm trương và HA trung bình của BN nhóm 1 thấp hơn nhóm 2 (p < 0,05); nhóm 1 có tỷ lệ tụt HA là 48% cao hơn nhóm 2 (20%), với p < 0,05. Kết luận: Phenylephrine liều 100mcg dùng kết hợp với propofol có tác dụng tốt trong dự phòng tụt HA giai đoạn khởi mê ở BN phẫu thuật cắt hoại tử bỏng và ghép da.
KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ PHẪU THUẬT GÃY KÍN THÂN XƯƠNG CÁNH TAY BẰNG KẾT XƯƠNG NẸP KHÓA
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Lượng , Nguyễn Năng Giỏi
Published: December 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị gãy kín thân xương cánh tay ở người lớn do chấn thương bằng phẫu thuật kết xương nẹp khóa. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu mô tả, không nhóm chứng trên 42 bệnh nhân (BN) gãy kín thân xương cánh tay được điều trị bằng phẫu thuật kết xương nẹp khóa tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội (TWQĐ) 108 trong thời gian từ tháng 01/2016 - 12/2022. Kết quả: Kết quả xa sau mổ 12 tháng ở 42 BN: Liền xương 100%; kết quả chung đạt rất tốt ở 35 BN và tốt ở 7 BN. Kết luận: Kết xương nẹp khóa là lựa chọn hợp lý cho điều trị gãy kín thân xương cánh tay, cho phép cố định vững chắc ổ gãy ở cả BN gãy xương phức tạp, loãng xương, BN phục hồi chức năng sớm chi thể.
PHÂN TÍCH ĐẶC ĐIỂM TRIỆU CHỨNG NGOÀI VẬN ĐỘNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN PARKINSON KHỞI PHÁT SỚM
Authors: Hoàng Thi Dung , Nguyễn Đăng Tôn , Nguyễn Đức Thuận
Published: December 2023

Mục tiêu: Phân tích đặc điểm triệu chứng ngoài vận động và tìm hiểu mối tương quan với một số yếu tố khác của bệnh Parkinson. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả cắt ngang có phân tích trên 135 bệnh nhân (BN) Parkinson khởi phát sớm từ tháng 4/2019 - 12/2021. Thông tin của BN được thu thập theo mẫu bệnh án thống nhất. Triệu chứng ngoài vận động được thu thập theo thang điểm NMSS (Non Motor Symtoms Scale). Kết quả: Nhóm triệu chứng “Ngủ/mệt mỏi”, “Tâm trạng/Nhận thức”, “Sự chú ý/trí nhớ”, “Triệu chứng khác”, “Tim mạch”, “Tiêu hóa”, “Tiết niệu”, “Sinh dục”, “Tri giác/ảo giác” chiếm tỷ lệ lần lượt là 91,1%, 86,7%, 81,5%, 68,1%, 65,9%, 57%, 57%, 51,9% và 15,6%. Triệu chứng ngoài vận động (điểm NMSS) có mối tương quan thuận với tuổi khởi phát bệnh (r = 0,359), thời gian mắc bệnh (r = 0,304), mức độ bệnh (điểm UPDRS, r = 0,470), giai đoạn bệnh (điểm H-Y, r = 0,267), đau (điểm KPPS, r = 0,679), trầm cảm (điểm BECK, r = 0,597) và nhận thức (điểm MMSE, r = -0,589). Kết luận: Triệu chứng ngoài vận động rất hay gặp (91,1% BN có ít nhất 1 triệu chứng). Triệu chứng hay gặp và có mức độ nặng hơn là “Ngủ/mệt mỏi” (91,1%), “Tâm trạng/ Nhận thức” (86,7%), “Sự chú ý/trí nhớ” (81,5%), “Tim mạch” (65,9%). Triệu chứng ngoài vận động có mối tương quan với độ tuổi, mức độ, giai đoạn bệnh, mức độ đau, trầm cảm và suy giảm nhận thức.
COMPLICATIONS OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF KIDNEY STONES AT MILITARY HOSPITAL 103
Authors: Le Huy Ngoc , Tran Van Hinh , Pham Quang Vinh , Lanh My Duyen
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the complications of the minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) in treating kidney stones at Military Hospital 103. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study on 286 kidney stone patients operated using the mini-PCNL technique at Military Hospital 103 from July 2017 to July 2019. Results: After mini-PCNL, most patients had no complication (77.62%). Bleeding and fever after mini-PCNL were the two most common complications; there were 35 patients with intraoperative bleeding and no need for blood transfusion (12.24%) and 15 patients with fever after surgery and no chills (5.24%). The stone size affected its clearance rate but did not affect fever and bleeding after mini-PCNL. After mini-PCNL, the mean values of Red Blood Cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (HGB), and Hematocrit (HCT) decreased from 4.75 ± 0.53 T/L, 140.38 ± 15.38 g/L, and 0.42 ± 0.04 L/L to 4.25 ± 0.44 T/L, 125.05 ± 13.36 g/L, and 0.38 ± 0.04 L/L, respectively. Conclusion: After mini-PCNL, the complication rate was 22.38%. Bleeding and fever after mini-PCNL were the two most common complications, with 46 patients (16.08%) and 18 patients (6.29%), respectively. The residual stone fragments were 19.58%. The stone size affected its clearance rate but did not affect fever and bleeding after mini-PCNL
NGHIÊN CỨU SỨC CĂNG DỌC THẤT TRÁI Ở BỆNH NHÂN NHỒI MÁU CƠ TIM CẤP BẰNG SIÊU ÂM ĐÁNH DẤU MÔ CƠ TIM
Authors: Hoàng Văn Quân , Nguyễn Duy Toàn , Nguyễn Văn Sơn
Published: December 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá sức căng dọc thất trái bằng siêu âm đánh dấu mô cơ tim (speckle tracking echocardiography - STE) và mối liên quan giữa sức căng dọc thất trái với một số đặc điểm lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng ở bệnh nhân (BN) nhồi máu cơ tim (NMCT) cấp. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, phân tích, chọn mẫu thuận tiện trên 44 BN NMCT cấp tính, chẩn đoán xác định dựa theo Đồng thuận toàn cầu lần thứ tư năm 2018 tại Trung tâm Tim Mạch, Bệnh viện Quân y 103, STE bằng máy siêu âm Phillips Epiq 7C và phân tích kết quả bằng phần mềm QLAB version 9.0. Kết quả: Sức căng dọc thất trái toàn bộ (GLS) chung của nhóm nghiên cứu (%) ( ± SD): -10,8 ± 3,9. GLS giảm có liên quan với số vùng rối loạn vận động trên siêu âm 2D (p < 0,05). GLS tương quan thuận, mức độ vừa với tần số tim (r = 0,41; p < 0,01) và tương quan thuận mức độ vừa với LVEF % theo phương pháp Simpson (r = 0,36; p < 0,05). Kết luận: Sức căng dọc thất trái toàn bộ ở BN NMCT cấp giảm, GLS có liên quan với số vùng rối loạn vận động trên siêu âm 2D (p < 0,05). Sức căng dọc thất trái toàn bộ tương quan thuận, mức độ vừa với tần số tim và LVEF đo bằng phương pháp Simpson.
Assessment of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) in Estuarine Fishes Collected from Arasalar Estuary, Puducherry State, India
Authors: Saravanan, S.  , Rajendiran, A.  , Sivakami R.
Published: December 2023

Fishes form an important source of cheap protein for people of many countries. The majority of the global production comes from freshwater aquaculture (58%) followed by marine (36%) and brackish water (6%). With an average increase in aquaculture production of 11% during the last decade, aquaculture has become the fastest growing sector of the world food economy However, fish diseases is now posing a great threat to achieve maximum production and has become a limiting factor to the success of aquaculture. Among the various diseases, Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) is a disease affecting a wide range of wild and farmed freshwater and estuarine fish which has spread across south-east Asia and India. From the fish survey, Food Fishes were collected from the Arasalar estuary, Puducherry State, India. The fish caught were identified and average 200 species of each fish were examined for EUS (Epizootic ulcerative syndrome) infection for the four seasons of the year (Pre-summer, Summer, Post-summer and Rainy season). The results of the number of fishes with EUS that could be identified in the different seasons are reported. Of the 75 fishes, that were examined, 12 were affected with EUS. This shows that 16% of the fishes were subjected to infection.

Among Lizaparsia, 11 species were infected representing 14.6% of infection and among Mystus, seven fishes were infected forming 9.3% of infection. With regard to Oreochromis mossambicus, only four species were infected forming 5.3% of infection. With regard to Glossogobius giuris, nine species were infected thus 12% of infection. Nevertheless, during this period, the range of infection ranged from nil to 16%.

During the pre-summer season, the percentage of infection again ranged from nil but to 12%. The maximum infection was noticed in Liza parsia (9 fishes) representing 12% infection, Puntius filamentosus (8 fishes) recording 10.6% followed by Glossogobius and Mystus (8%) and Oreochromis mossambicus (1.33%) infection respectively. During the summer and the post-summer season, none of the fishes that were investigated recorded any signs of EUS. Thus, an overall comparison reveals that the highest percentage of EUS was recorded in the rainy season followed by the pre-summer season and least in summer and post-summer season.
Diseños agroecológicos en sistemas agroforestales con cacao (Theobroma cacao, L.) en la asociación El Deseo, cantón Yaguachi, provincia del Guayas
Authors: Verdezoto Vargas Víctor Hugo , Burgos Alvario René Samuel , Pino Peralta Sergio Leonardo , Jines Carrasco Ángel Polivio
Published: December 2023

El desconocimiento de los pequeños productores sobre manejo de diseños agroecológicos en sistemas agroforestales con cacao se hace presente en sus fincas, conduciendo al deterioro ambiental, mala distribución de espacios en sus fincas convirtiéndose en una problemática para la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agroforestales; surge como objetivo la importancia de elaborar y aplicar diseños agroecológicos en las fincas con el fin de aprovechar al máximo el uso del suelo, cuya metodología se basó en analizar los diagnósticos realizados en una etapa anterior a cada sistema agroforestal con cacao (Theobroma cacao, L), para en base a ese diagnóstico, proponer diversos esquemas de diseños agroecológicos que promuevan la introducción de nuevos patrones de cultivo, las cuales en conjunto y con la presencia de cacao nacional como rubro principal en todas las fincas, tendrá un impacto económico mejorando a corto y mediano plazo los ingresos del pequeño productor cacaotero, al mismo tiempo que estos sistemas se vuelven sostenibles ambientalmente.
Análisis y evaluación de las competencias laborales en el mercado de trabajo mexicano
Authors: Valenzuela Sánchez Norma Aida
Published: December 2023

El presente estudio aborda la creciente demanda del mercado laboral por un capital humano con habilidades específicas y mayor preparación, más allá de la educación formal. Tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos del nivel educativo, las competencias y habilidades de la fuerza laboral mexicana en la obtención de empleo y los ingresos. Se emplearon modelos probit, ecuaciones salariales mincerianas y el Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de las Competencias de los Adultos (PIAAC) para llevar a cabo un análisis estadístico y econométrico. Los resultados indican que la combinación de educación formal, experiencia laboral, competencias y habilidades juega un papel crucial en los ingresos y la participación laboral de los trabajadores en el contexto mexicano.
Evaluación del aprendizaje en entornos digitales para estudiantes de tercero de bachillerato
Authors: Abad Moriel Johanna Elizabeth , Sánchez Bautista José Eduardo , Figueroa Corrales Eufemia
Published: December 2023

En la investigación actual, se abordó el análisis de la eficacia de la evaluación en entornos digitales para los estudiantes de Tercer Año de Bachillerato, lo cual se ha convertido en una necesidad imperante. Se busca explorar y enseñar acerca de la amplia variedad de recursos tecnológicos disponibles en la actualidad y cómo se pueden utilizar de manera efectiva en contextos educativos y laborales. No obstante, es esencial que la actualización de los sistemas educativos nacionales preste una atención particular al acceso a la tecnología y a la capacitación adecuada de los docentes para desarrollar sus competencias y habilidades en la integración pedagógica de herramientas tecnológicas. El propósito principal de este artículo es llevar a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de la efectividad de las prácticas de evaluación del aprendizaje en entornos digitales aplicadas a estudiantes de Tercero de Bachillerato. Dado lo mencionado anteriormente, se implementó una investigación de naturaleza mixta, combinando enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos, mediante un diseño de investigación no experimental. Se utilizaron entrevistas y encuestas a través de la plataforma MICROSOFT FORMS para recopilar información relevante acerca del análisis y la efectividad de la evaluación en entornos digitales para los estudiantes de Tercer Año de Bachillerato. Tanto los docentes como los estudiantes demostraron un gran interés en la educación interactiva a través de herramientas digitales. Esto se logra a través de procesos de capacitación que emplean una metodología innovadora y activa, incorporando diversas estrategias con el objetivo de promover un aprendizaje significativo en el aula. Esta perspectiva subraya la importancia de establecer políticas públicas que estén sincronizadas con el avance tecnológico de esta nueva era global.
Բառ-խորհրդանշանները Ս. Ներսէս Շնորհալու հանելուկներում
Authors: ՈՐՍԿԱՆՅԱՆ ՀԵՐԻՔՆԱԶ
Published: December 2023

В статье предпринимается попытка проанализировать ряд загадок Св. Нерсеса Шнорали с ответами-подсказками на заголовках, как «Река», «Рыба», «Мельница», «Пшеница», «Решето», «Ячмень». Цель исследования направлена на выявление смысловых пластов, которые отражены в загадках в виде формул и символов. Одна из аксиом исследования состоит в том, что в тематической группе анализируемых загадок маркируются как загадочные образы, так и заголовки в виде слов-символов. Метафоры, используемые в загадках, имеют духовно-аллегорический смысл, символизируя Христа: Рыба, Добро, Благодетель, Пшеница, Манна, или загадки связаны с эпизодами земной жизни Христа: безжизненный, грозный, вечер, сыны человеческие, умирать, оживиться, возноситься, сиять. Глубокие смысловые пласты загадок отражены через символические заголовки. Со смысловой и структурной точки зрения каждая загадка выступает как самостоятельная единица с четкой целью, но при этом она объединена диалектической связью с рядом других загадок. На идейно-смысловое единство загадок способствует также внутренняя логическая позиция, которая как бы изображает земную деятельность Христа, от крещения до погребения и воскресения.
The article attempts to analyze a series of riddles by St. Nerses the Graceful with clue-answers on the titles, such as “River”, “Fish”, “Mill”, “Wheat”, “Sieve”, “Barley”. The research aims at identifying the semantic layers of the riddles reflected in the form of formulae and symbols. One of the axioms of the study is that in the thematic group of the analyzed riddles both the images of riddles and their names are marked as word-symbols. Metaphors used in the riddles have a spiritual-allegorical meaning, symbolizing Christ: Fish, Good, Grace, Wheat, Manna; or riddles related to episodes of Christ’s earthly life: lifeless, formidable, dinner, sons of men, die, revived, ascension, radiance. The deep semantic layers of the riddles are reflected through symbolic titles. From a semantic and structural point of view, each riddle acts as an independent unit with a clear purpose. At the same time, a thematically independent riddle is in dialectical unity with a number of other riddles. The ideological and semantic unity of the riddles is also affected by the internal logical position, which seems to illustrate the earthly life of Christ, from baptism to burial and resurrection.
Սուրբ Գրիգոր Նարեկացի, Սուրբ Ներսես Շնորհալի․ հոգեւոր տաղերի այլաբանությունը
Authors: Ալվրցյան Հայկազուն
Published: December 2023

В статье рассматривается ряд вопросов, связанных с основным средством — духовным символом аллегорической речи в духовной поэзии великого армянского поэта средневековья Нерсеса Шнорали. Основной акцент сделан на принципах построения символического поэтического слова, восприятия духовного символа и раскрытии смыслов духовной аллегории. По определению Нерсеса Шнорали, главной предпосылкой понимания символического слова в средневековой духовной культуре является раскрытие невидимого, неосязаемого, абстрактного (скрытого, таинственного), известного немногим и только Богу, и сделать его ощутимым и ясным, поскольку видимая сторона творения (материальный мир — вторичный) является лишь средством его для познания невидимого мира (божественного, существенного) и достижения и общения с ней.
The article discusses several questions related to the spiritual symbol — the main means of allegorical speech in the spiritual poem of the great medieval Armenian poet Nerses the Graceful. The main emphasis is on the construction of symbolic speech, the perception of the symbol and, in general, the disclosure of the meanings of spiritual allegory. According to Nerses the Graceful’s definition, the main prerequisite for understanding the symbolic speech in the medieval spiritual culture is to reveal the invisible, the intangible, the abstract (the hidden meaning) known to “the few and only God”, and make it comprehensible, because the visible side of the creation (the material world — the secondary one) is just a means for understanding its invisible side (the divine — the essential) and for being able to comprehend and communicate with it. The article examines a number of issues related to the main means of allegorical speech in the spiritual poem of the great medieval Armenian poet Nerses the Graceful.
On a class of fractional p (⋅,⋅)−Laplacian problems with sub-supercritical nonlinearities
Authors: Azghay Abdelilah , Massar Mohammed
Published: December 2023

This paper is devoted to study a class of nonlocal variable exponent problems involving fractional p (⋅,⋅)-Laplacian operator. Under appropriate conditions, some new results on the existence and nonexistence of solutions are established via variational approach and Pohozaev's fibering method.
Paralelisme Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Pertalite Dengan Bahan Bakar Gas LPG 3 Kg Pada Mesin Bensin Pompa Air Starke Gwp50
Authors: Usman Mukhamad Khumaidi , Usman Mukhamad Khumaidi
Published: December 2023

Bahan bakar adalah senyawa yang mengandung unsur hidrokarbon. Pertalite merupakan bahan bakar berkualitas yang mempunyai Angka Oktan Riset 90. LPG merupakan gas yang terbuat dari bahan petroleum gas yang terbentuk dari campuran Propana dan Butana. Mesin penggerak pompa air merupakan motor pembakaran dalam berbahan bakar pertalite, namun banyak yang menggantinya dengan LPG. Alasan utamanya adalah harga beli yang murah. Pengguna gas LPG sebagai pengganti bahan bakar Pertalite menarik untuk diteliti, pada penelitian yang akan dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan percobaan pengujian konsumsi bahan bakar pertalite dengan gas LPG. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini yaitu penggunaan pompa air sawah dengan bahan bakar gas LPG menghasilkan konsumsi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan menggunakan bahan bakar Pertalite sebesar 32% pada saat tanpa beban dan sebesar 28% pada saat dengan beban.