bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonneoplastic and noninfective cysts of the central nervous system: A histopathological study
Authors: Poyuran Rajalakshmi , Kalaparti Viswanadh Sri Venkata Ganesh , Thomas Bejoy , Kesavapisharady Krishnakumar , Narasimhaiah Deepti
Published: October 2022

Nonneoplastic epithelial cysts involving the central nervous system are diverse and are predominantly developmental in origin. This study represents a surgical series describing the histopathological features of 507 such epithelial cysts with clinical and imaging correlation. Age at surgery ranged from 7 months to 72 years (mean: 33 years) affecting 246 male and 261 female patients. Colloid cyst was the most frequently resected cyst, followed by epidermoid cyst, arachnoid cyst, Rathke cleft cyst, dermoid cyst, neurenteric cyst, Tarlov cyst, and choroid plexus cyst. Diagnosis was based on the location of the cysts and the nature of the lining epithelium. Rathke cleft cyst showed the highest propensity for squamous metaplasia, significant inflammation, and xanthogranulomatous reaction. Ulceration of lining epithelium and calcification were most frequent in dermoid cyst. Radiopathological concordance was maximal for colloid cyst, followed by epidermoid and arachnoid cysts. Epidermoid and dermoid cysts exhibited the highest propensity for local tumor progression, followed by Rathke cleft cyst.
Annotated translation of Georg Meissner's first description of the submucosal plexus
Authors: Neckel Peter H.
Published: October 2022

Background

The discovery and detailed descriptions of the enteric nervous system dates back only ˂200 years. The 19th century was a golden age of histological, morphological, and physiological breakthroughs propelled by technological advances in microscopy, electricity, and scientific methodology. As a matter of fact, German‐speaking scientists were highly successful during this period as can still be appreciated by the sheer number of German eponyms in anatomy. Therefore, the main language in scientific literature of this field was German at the time, thus, limiting the accessibility to the publications and scientific discussions from back then for the broader English‐speaking scientific community today.

Purpose

Here, an annotated translation of Meissner's first description of the submucosal plexus is provided along with a short biography of Georg Meissner and a review of the scientific literature and controversy surrounding his discovery.
SnRK2.4‐mediated phosphorylation of ABF2 regulates ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE expression and putrescine accumulation under drought stress
Authors: Song Jie , Sun Peipei , Kong Weina , Xie Zongzhou , Li Chunlong , Liu Ji‐Hong
Published: October 2022

Arginine decarboxylase (ADC)‐mediated putrescine (Put) biosynthesis plays an important role in plant abiotic stress response. SNF1‐related protein kinases 2s (SnRK2s) and abscisic acid (ABA)‐response element (ABRE)‐binding factors (ABFs), are core components of the ABA signaling pathway involved in drought stress response. We previously reported that ADC of Poncirus trifoliata (PtrADC) functions in drought tolerance. However, whether and how SnRK2 and ABF regulate PtrADC to modulate putrescine accumulation under drought stress remains largely unclear.

Herein, we employed a set of physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches to reveal that a protein complex composed of PtrSnRK2.4 and PtrABF2 modulates putrescine biosynthesis and drought tolerance by directly regulating PtrADC.

PtrABF2 was upregulated by dehydration in an ABA‐dependent manner. PtrABF2 activated PtrADC expression by directly and specifically binding to the ABRE core sequence within its promoter and positively regulated drought tolerance via modulating putrescine accumulation. PtrSnRK2.4 interacts with and phosphorylates PtrABF2 at Ser93. PtrSnRK2.4‐mediated PtrABF2 phosphorylation is essential for the transcriptional regulation of PtrADC. Besides, PtrSnRK2.4 was shown to play a positive role in drought tolerance by facilitating putrescine synthesis.

Taken together, this study sheds new light on the regulatory module SnRK2.4‐ABF2‐ADC responsible for fine‐tuning putrescine accumulation under drought stress, which advances our understanding on transcriptional regulation of putrescine synthesis.
Validation of the food allergy quality of life questionnaire series in Chinese families with food‐allergic children
Authors: Leung Agnes Sze Yin , Cheng Nam Sze , Li Rebecca Ming Yan , Li Pui Fung , Lee Yat Laam , Fu Tik Wai , Flokstra‐de Blok Bertine , Leung Ting Fan
Published: October 2022

Background

Anxiety from accidental exposure and vigilant dietary monitoring impair the quality of life (QoL) of food‐allergic patients. A comprehensive food allergy‐specific questionnaire allows patients to accurately report their QoL. This study validated the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) series and assessed the QoL of Chinese food‐allergic patients and their caregivers.

Methods

FAQLQ series developed by EuroPrevall consists of four separate questionnaires for parents, children, adolescents and adults. All questionnaires were translated into traditional Chinese by standard forward and backward methods. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on food‐allergic patients and children's parents using an age‐appropriate questionnaire. The performance indices of FAQLQ and their correlation with independent measures of food allergy were analyzed, and factor analysis was performed to confirm the factor structure of FAQLQ questionnaires.

Results

Cross‐sectional validation was performed on 214 participants, with 40 reassessed for test–retest reliability. Overall scores for the FAQLQ series had good internal consistency with Cronbach's α ≥.90. Good construct validity was demonstrated by correlations between FAQLQ‐Parent Form, FAQLQ‐Child Form, FAQLQ‐Teenager Form, FAQLQ‐Adult Form and Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) scores, except in 0‐ to 3‐year‐old children. Test–retest analyses revealed a significant correlation between total FAQLQ score, parent‐reported FAIM and food anxiety domain in 4–6 years, and between total score and FAIM in 7–12 years. Exploratory factor analysis categorized items in the FAQLQ series into three to four domains.

Conclusion

FAQLQ series provide a valid and reliable measure for QoL in Chinese food‐allergic patients and caregivers, except for parents of children aged 0–3 years. Items for all FAQLQ questionnaires are categorized into different functional domains in our population.
Exploring the ethical complexity of pediatric organ transplant candidates and COVID‐19 vaccination: Tensions between autonomy and beneficence, children and parents
Authors: Lara Carrion Libia , Bramstedt Katrina A.
Published: October 2022

Background

POT is emotionally sensitive due to cohort vulnerability, their lack of decisional capacity, and waitlist mortality. The COVID‐19 pandemic has added complexity to the setting of pediatric transplantation, as well as living donation, due to tensions about COVID‐19 vaccination for recipients, donors, and parent‐caregivers.

Methods

In the context of COVID‐19 vaccination, two ethicists present four pediatric donation and transplant dilemmas for ethical exploration and offer guidance to clinical teams, noting that mandates are controversial, and there is no global harmonization regarding requirements.

Results

As with all vaccinations, they are a tool of organ stewardship aimed to optimize outcomes and, in the setting of pediatrics, ensure optimal caregiving for these vulnerable recipients. Current evidence supports the ethical permissibility of COVID‐19 vaccination mandates for transplant candidates aged 6 months and older.

Conclusion

Our guidance considers the tensions of autonomy and beneficence and the ethical duty of organ stewardship. The harms of being unvaccinated and risking the harms of COVID‐19 and long‐COVID post‐transplant support the ethical permissibility of vaccination mandates in countries where the vaccine has pediatric regulatory approval.
Optimization of recovery and maturation methods for cumulus‐oocyte complexes in jennies
Authors: Dai Shizhen , Di Zhengyang , Li Nan , Zeng Shenming
Published: October 2022

Embryo production in donkeys is inefficient compared with that in other livestock. Obtaining a sufficient number of MII oocytes is the first step to solving this problem. In this study, the number, morphology and maturation rates of cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained from abattoir‐derived ovaries or live jennies were compared. The diameter of follicles from abattoir‐derived ovaries was measured and divided into group 1 (2–6 mm), group 2 (6–10 mm), group 3 (10–20 mm), group 4 (20–28 mm) and group 5 (>28 mm). The results showed that the number of follicles per ovary in group 2 (3.6 ± 0.28) and 3 (4.2 ± 0.90) was higher than that in the other groups (p < .05). The recovery rate in group 3 was higher than group 1 (48.8% vs. 26.8%, p = .00), but lower than group 5 (48.8% vs. 76.5%, p = .025). The percentage of grade A COCs in group 3 was higher than group 2 (59.3% vs. 39.5%, p = .00) and group 1 (59.3% vs. 26.7%, p = .00). Moreover, the percentage of grade A COCs in group 4 (55.0%, p = .710) and group 5 (46.2%, p = .351) was reduced compared with that in group 3. From the above results, the developing follicles (group ovum pick‐up [OPU], 10–20 mm) and preovulation follicles (group OPU‐Preov, >35 mm) were aspirated from live jennies using OPU. Although there was no difference in the recovery rates of COCs between group 3 and OPU (48.8% vs. 43.0%, p = .184), the percentage of grades A COCs in group OPU was higher than group 3 (72.5% vs. 59.3%, p = .036). There was no difference in the maturation rate between group 3 and OPU (60.3% vs. 69.3%, p = .171) after the COCs matured in vitro. The rates of recovery (72.2%) and maturation (92.3%) in group OPU‐Preov were higher than those in other groups (p < .05). Moreover, the effects of maturation time and serum type on maturation rates were evaluated in groups B44 (44 h, FBS), B36 (36 h, FBS) and D44 (44 h, foetal donkey serum, FDS). These results indicated that the maturation rate in group B36 was lower than group B44 (13.1% vs. 47.0%, p = .00) and group D44 (13.1% vs. 53.3%, p = .00). In conclusion, the quality of donkey COCs from OPU was higher than that from abattoir‐derived ovaries, the suitable time of donkey in vitro maturation (IVM) was 44 h, and FBS could be replaced with FDS in donkey IVM medium.
Trends of global and regional aetiologies, risk factors and mortality of lower respiratory infections from 1990 to 2019: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Kang Liangyu , Jing Wenzhan , Liu Jue , Liu Min
Published: October 2022

Background and Objective

Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are a leading cause of death worldwide. We aimed to estimate the trends of global and regional aetiologies, risk factors and mortality of LRIs from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

From the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, we collected relevant data, including annual LRI deaths, mortality and deaths and mortality attributable to the four high‐burden aetiologies and 14 risk factors during 1990–2019. To quantify the temporal trends, estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated by fitting linear regression model.

Results

Globally, the age‐standardized mortality due to LRIs decreased by an average of 2.39% (95% CI 2.33%–2.45%) per year, from 66.67 deaths per 100,000 in 1990 to 35.72 deaths per 100,000 in 2019. Low Socio‐demographic Index regions, South Asia and Sub‐Saharan Africa had the heaviest burden of LRIs. The age‐standardized mortality decreased in 18 GBD regions, whereas increased in Southern Latin America (EAPC = 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.37). LRIs led to considerable deaths among children under 5 years and adults older than 70 years. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the first leading aetiology, accounting for over 50% of LRI deaths. Household air pollution from solid fuels, child wasting and ambient particulate matter pollution were the three leading risk factors for LRI mortality in 2019.

Conclusion

LRIs remain an important health problem globally, especially in some vulnerable areas and among children under 5 and adults over 70 years. Future researches focusing on the aetiologies and risk factors for LRIs are needed to provide targeted and updated prevention strategies.
Resurgent back‐to‐the‐land and the cultivation of a renewed countryside
Authors: Sandström Emil
Published: October 2022

In connection to concerns about, for example, climate change, peak oil, pandemics and the depopulation of many rural areas, there has been a counter‐migration from urban to rural areas in past decades. An important part of this counter‐migration is the so‐called 'back‐to‐the‐land' migration of former urban residents who move to rural areas and adopt primarily agrarian lifestyles. Through a review of 48 migration letters in which migrants write about their experiences of moving from urban to rural areas to commence agriculture, this article explores the underlying ideals and agricultural practices of the back‐to‐land phenomena and discusses what significance this form of agricultural migration may have for understanding broader sustainability transformations and contemporary rural change. Important questions concern: What kinds of motives, practices and ideals underpin back‐to‐the‐land migration? What relevance does “back‐to‐the‐land” have for how we comprehend rurality and how the current food landscape is changing? Based on the letter reviews, this article illuminates four interconnected themes with regard to back‐to‐the‐landers practices and ideals. Back‐to‐the‐land as (i) rebelling against payroll work and meaningless lives in the cities, (ii) reinvention and retrotopia, (iii) reconnecting with nature and cultivating resilient alternatives and (iv) resistance and silent revolution. The article argues that the current back‐to‐land migration contributes to the construction of a renewed rurality—a reinvented form of rurality—that are adapted to suit both present and future needs in a world that is perceived as becoming more unruly. The article further suggests that, although back‐to‐the‐land migration may not yet have any significant material implications on the current food system, the ideals and practices the back‐to‐the‐landers profess, provide an important imaginary of how we can comprehend an alternative ‘rurality’ that reconnect people, land and food in more sustainable ways, through, for example, benign ways of practising agriculture and organising the food system. In this light, the current back‐to‐the‐land phenomena can be seen as a particular form of sustainability migration of voluntary peasantry that is based on retrotopian ideals of a rural past that is paired with progressive sustainability practices of the present.
End‐user‐oriented pedotransfer functions to estimate soil bulk density and available water capacity at horizon and profile scales
Authors: Richard Cécile , Lemercier Blandine , Michot Didier , Pichelin Pascal , Rémy Amandine , Berthier Lionel , Walter Christian
Published: October 2022

Soil available water capacity (AWC) and bulk density (BD) are key properties for understanding water flows in soils, land‐use planning and irrigation management. As measuring these properties is costly and time‐consuming, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are commonly used to predict BD and soil moisture at a specific matric potential and then estimate AWC. Currently, operational tools to estimate AWC at the soil profile scale from data easily available are lacking. In this study, new PTFs based on the regression‐tree method Cubist were developed at a regional scale to predict soil water contents at −10 kPa (field capacity) and −1585 kPa (permanent wilting point), and BD. A first PTF (PC model) required commonly measured soil properties (sand, silt, clay, organic carbon contents), while the second (PM model) required four additional predictors: qualitative information deriving from description of the soil profile. The models were validated with an independent dataset. Both models outperformed existing PTFs. AWC was then estimated at the horizon scale, soil‐profile scale and in the upper 30 cm of soil. The PM model performed better than the PC model with the training dataset at the profile scale (Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.87 and 0.60; RMSE = 0.186 and 0.326 mm cm−1, respectively). Independent validation of AWC estimates at the profile scale by the PM and PC models yielded RMSE of 0.192–0.204 and 0.229–0.244 mm cm−1, respectively. The sensitivity of AWC to estimates of soil depth and coarse‐fragment content was tested. Results confirmed the importance of these variables resulting in soil observation to estimate AWC accurately.
Identification of three novel HLA class II alleles: HLA‐DQA1*02:28, ‐DQA1*05:01:08:02 and ‐DQB1*03:02:01:13
Authors: Marin Rubio Luis A. , Rada Ramon , Ontañon Jesús
Published: October 2022

Three novel HLA Class II alleles, ‐DQA1*02:28, ‐DQA1*05:01:08:02 and ‐DQB1*03:02:01:13, characterized in Spanish individuals.
Intangible trade: Understanding the relationship between trade barriers and mode of supply in services sectors
Authors: Khachaturian Tamar , Oliver Sarah
Published: October 2022

In recent years, increased availability of services trade data and measures of non‐tariff barriers has enabled more detailed analysis of trade patterns, including the relationship between different modes of service delivery across international borders. This paper uses a detailed, sector‐level structural gravity model to shed light on the question of whether services trade via foreign affiliate sales (also known as mode 3 trade) is a complement or substitute for cross‐border services trade (modes 1, 2, and 4) in 13 services sectors. In 9 of the 13 sectors considered, there is a negative and significant relationship between trade policies that limit foreign affiliate sales and cross‐border trade, indicating a complementary relationship between the two types of trade flows. This suggests that when services firms export, they rely on multiple modes of supply to deliver their products, considering factors such as the degree of service tradability over the internet, levels of customer interaction, and complexity of particular tasks.
Biology, distribution and management of the globally invasive weed Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav (silverleaf nightshade): A global review of current and future management challenges
Authors: Roberts Jason , Florentine Singarayer
Published: October 2022

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav (silverleaf nightshade) is a deep‐rooted, multi‐stemmed, perennial, herbaceous woody plant that has been observed to threaten agricultural and native biodiversity worldwide. It is widely agreed that without efficient integrated management, S. elaeagnifolium will continue to cause significant economic and environmental damage across multiple scales. It is estimated that the annual economic impact of S. elaeagnifolium in Australia exceeds AUD $62 million, with this figure likely to be much higher in other countries invaded by this plant. It can also tolerate a high level of abiotic stress and survive in a range of temperatures (below freezing point to 34°C) and areas with an average yearly rainfall between 250 and 600 mm. Its extensive deep taproot system is capable of regenerating asexually and with its many seed dispersal mechanisms; it can quickly spread and establish itself within a region. This makes containment and management of the species especially challenging. Previous management has largely been focused on biological control, competition, essential oils, grazing pressure, herbicide application and manual removal. Despite the large range of available management techniques, there has been little success in the long‐term control of S. elaeagnifolium, and only a handful of methods such as essential oils and herbicide application have shown reasonable success for controlling this weed. Therefore, this review aims to synthesise the identified and potentially useful approaches to control S. elaeagnifolium that have been recorded in the literature which deal with its biology, distribution and management. It also explores previous and current management techniques to ascertain the research gaps and knowledge required to assist in the effective and economically sustainable management of this invasive weed.
Roles and practices of specialist lung cancer nurses: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Brunelli Vanessa N. , Ramis Mary-Anne , Kynoch Kathryn
Published: October 2022

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to map the available literature on the specialist lung cancer nurse role.

Introduction:

The international literature acknowledges the importance of specialist cancer nurses who provide supportive care to patients. Historically, however, there has been a lack of consistent evidence to inform development and implementation of the role.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider quantitative and qualitative studies of any design or methodology that report on role characteristics or behaviors, practices or activities, or other aspects of the specialist lung cancer nurse role in the acute care setting. Systematic reviews, professional body reports, as well as unpublished or published studies and reports will also be considered for inclusion. Textual or opinion papers will be excluded.

Methods:

This review will follow JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Relevant papers from 2006 to 2022, in any language, will be searched for in the following databases and registries: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Websites to be searched will include the World Health Organization, International Council of Nurses, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (ProQuest) and Grey Matters (CADTH) will be searched for unpublished literature. Results will be presented in tabular and narrative format and mapped according to the specified concepts of interest, as well as to the domains of practice for specialist nursing roles.
Characteristics of natural environment use by occupational therapists working in mental health: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bishop Ruth , Underwood Frazer , Burrows Lisa , Fraser Fiona , Shawe Jill
Published: October 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to identify and characterize the use of the natural environment/outdoor space by occupational therapists working in mental health care.

Introduction:

Research has shown that the natural environment is beneficial for our health and can be used to benefit people who are experiencing mental health problems. Occupational therapists are well placed to assess and utilize the environment when treating people with mental health problems, but the use of the natural environment/outdoor space by occupational therapists working in mental health is unclear.

Inclusion criteria:

The scoping review will include both primary research and gray literature relating to the use of the natural environment/outdoor space in mental health occupational therapy practice. The review will be limited to studies published in English. There will be no geographical or age restrictions.

Methods:

Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (ProQuest), AMED (EBSCO), Trip Database, EMCARE (Ovid), and OTSeeker will be search for studies. Unpublished studies and gray literature will be searched using GreyNet and National Grey Literature Collection, alongside professional magazines and websites. Titles and abstracts will be screened by 2 independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria, followed by a full-text review and data extraction. Any disagreements will be discussed with a third reviewer. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool developed by the reviewers and presented in a tabular format, accompanied by a narrative summary describing how the results relate to the review objective and question.
Physics-Constrained Bayesian Neural Network for Bias and Variance Reduction
Authors: Malashkhia Luka , Liu Dehao , Lu Yanglong , Wang Yan
Published: October 2022

When neural networks are applied to solve complex engineering problems, the lack of training data can make the predictions of the surrogate inaccurate. Recently, physics-constrained neural networks were introduced to integrate physical models in the data-driven surrogate to improve the training efficiency with limited data. Nevertheless, the model-form and parameter uncertainty associated with the neural networks can still lead to unreliable predictions. In this article, a new physics-constrained Bayesian neural network (PCBNN) framework is proposed to quantify the uncertainty in physics-constrained neural networks. The bias and variance of predictions are considered simultaneously during the PCBNN training process. The variance and Kullback–Leibler divergence of neural network parameters are incorporated in the total loss function. The weights associated with the different losses are adjusted adaptively. The training of PCBNNs is also formulated as solving a minimax problem where the loss function for the worst-case scenario is minimized. The new PCBNN framework is demonstrated with engineering examples of heat transfer and phase transition based on both simulation data and experimental measurements. The results show that the accuracy and precision of predictions can be improved with the variance consideration in the PCBNN.
Perceptual adaptation to a novel accent: Phonetic category expansion or category shift?
Authors: Melguy Yevgeniy Vasilyevich , Johnson Keith
Published: October 2022

Listeners can rapidly adapt to an unfamiliar accent. For example, following exposure to a speaker whose /f/ sound is ambiguous between [s] and [f], they categorize more sounds along an [s]–[f] phonetic continuum as /f/. We investigated the adaptation mechanism underlying such perceptual changes—do listeners shift the target sound in phonetic space (category shift), or do they adopt a more general mechanism of broadening the category (category expansion)? In experiment 1, we trained listeners on an accent containing ambiguous /θ/ = [θ/s] and then tested them on categorizing phonetic continua spanning [θ]–[s] or [θ]–[f]. Listeners tested on the [θ]–[s] continua showed a significant increase in proportion of /θ/ responses vs controls, while those tested on [θ]–[f] did not. Experiment 2 investigated how acoustic-phonetic similarity may modulate the mechanism underlying recalibration. Listeners were trained on the same /θ/ = [θ/s] accent as in experiment 1 but were tested on a different continuum, [θ]–[ʃ]. This time, trained listeners showed a significant increase in proportion of /θ/ responses with the novel phonetic contrast. This suggests that phonetic recalibration involves some degree of non-uniform category expansion, constrained by phonetic similarity between training and test sounds.
Development and Evaluation of a Core Genome Multilocus Sequencing Typing (cgMLST) Scheme for Serratia marcescens Molecular Surveillance and Outbreak Investigations
Authors: Kampmeier Stefanie , Prior Karola , Cunningham Scott A. , Goyal Abhinav , Harmsen Dag , Patel Robin , Mellmann Alexander
Published: October 2022

Serratia marcescens
can cause a range of severe infections and contributes to nosocomial outbreaks. Although whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based typing is the standard method for molecular surveillance and outbreak investigation, there is no standardized analytic scheme for
S. marcescens
core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST).
Identification of CD98 as a Novel Biomarker for HIV-1 Permissiveness and Latent Infection
Authors: Zhang Wanying , Zhou Mo , Chen Cancan , Wu Shiyu , Wang Lilin , Xia Baijin , Liu Jun , Ma Xiancai , Pan Ting , Zhang Hui , Li Linghua , Liu Bingfeng
Published: October 2022

Identification of cellular biomarkers is the crucial challenge to eradicate the HIV-1 latent reservoir. In our study, we identified CD98 as a novel plasma membrane biomarker for HIV-1 permissiveness and latent infection.
Friend or Foe: Draft Genome Sequence of
Bradyrhizobium
sp. Strain SRS-191
Authors: Chauhan Ashvini , Rathore Rajesh Singh , Agarwal Meenakshi , Chauhan Adi J. , Taywade Aryan
Published: October 2022

We report the genomic features of
Bradyrhizobium
sp. strain SRS-191, which was isolated from a former nuclear legacy site in Aiken, South Carolina, USA. With a genome size of 7,621,400 bp, the strain harbored genes not only for environmentally beneficial traits (e.g., heavy metal resistance, nitrogen fixation, and aromatic biodegradation) but also for antimicrobial resistance.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant Strain of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated from a Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus)
Authors: Van Laar Tricia A. , Biehler Lindsey , Slade Joel W. G.
Published: October 2022

A recent outbreak of salmonellosis in wild birds sickened 29 individuals in 12 states, leading to 14 hospitalizations. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant strain of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium that was isolated from a bird experiencing symptoms of salmonellosis.
Essential Functions of Calmodulin and Identification of Its Proximal Interacting Proteins in Tachyzoite-Stage Toxoplasma gondii via BioID Technology
Authors: Song Yongle , Li Longjiao , Mo Xinyu , Pan Ming , Shen Bang , Fang Rui , Hu Min , Zhao Junlong , Zhou Yanqin
Published: October 2022

Toxoplasma gondii
is an intracellular pathogen that threatens human and animal health. This unicellular parasite is active in many biological processes, such as egress and invasion.
Monkeypox as an emerging infectious disease: the ophthalmic implications
Authors: Milligan Alice L , Koay Su-yin , Dunning Jake
Published: October 2022

The 2022 outbreak of monkeypox is of worldwide significance. There has been a rapid escalation in case numbers despite efforts to contain it and the WHO has declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. To date, over 51 257 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported, the majority in non-endemic countries, with 3279 in the UK. It is vital for ophthalmologists to understand this disease and the risk it poses.

 Human monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a double-stranded DNA virus in theOrthopoxvirusgenus of thePoxviridaefamily. Other orthopoxviruses include variola (smallpox), cowpox and vaccinia; all of which have significant ocular sequelae. Transmission occurs from an animal reservoir (unknown, likely rodents) to a human host, leading to secondary human-to-human spread. During the recent outbreak, a higher incidence has been found in gay, bisexual or other men who have sex with men.

 Clinical diagnosis may be challenging as presentation can mimic common ophthalmic diseases. A thorough history is key to identifying potential cases. Ophthalmic manifestations may include preseptal cellulitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis. The oral antiviral agent tecovirimat, which was developed to treat smallpox, is the mainstay of treatment. Trifluorothymidine (trifluridine) eye-drops can be used for ophthalmic involvement. In addition, smallpox vaccines have provided some cross-immunity.

 Ocular monkeypox should be managed by infectious diseases specialists, in consultation with ophthalmologists to provide the expertise needed to treat potentially vision-threatening complications. This outbreak highlights the need for healthcare providers to implement appropriate infection control measures and be familiar with the identification and treatment of both cutaneous and ocular disease.
Evolution of holographic dark energy model with adiabatic matter creation
Authors: Kaur Simran , Singh C. P.
Published: October 2022

We study the holographic dark energy (HDE) with adiabatic matter creation process to explain the present-day accelerated expansion of the Universe. The field equations are discussed and solved analytically for various cosmological parameters such as the Hubble parameter, deceleration parameter and effective equation of state parameter in terms of redshift by considering a more general form of the matter creation rate. The viability of such model is checked using the recent data of Type Ia supernovae Pantheon sample, Hubble function [Formula: see text] data, joined data of baryon acoustic oscillations/cosmic microwave background and latest local [Formula: see text] by SH0ES. We achieve the most fitting values of model parameters by performing the statistical analysis of our model with the three different combination of data sets. The HDE model, with IR cutoff as Hubble horizon, in the absence of matter creation does not show phase transition. While the induction of matter creation to the same model shows the recent transition from a decelerating to an accelerated phase. Our outcomes show that the model with matter creation is compatible with the data sets used. We find that the HDE model with matter creation provides the Hubble function which matches sufficiently well with the observed Hubble data. Finally, we perform geometrical and cosmographic analyses to explicate our model and compare it with the other dark energy models like [Formula: see text]CDM model. It is found that the evolution of model starts from Chaplygin gas region in early times, enters into quintessence region in medieval time and finally approaches to [Formula: see text]CDM model.
Cooperative Game-Theoretic Models of the Cournot Oligopoly
Authors: Korolev Alexey V. , Ougolnitsky Guennady A.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we build and investigate cooperative games with different characteristic functions (von Neumann–Morgenstern, Petrosyan–Zaccour, Gromova–Petrosyan) on the base of symmetrical Cournot oligopoly game-theoretic models in normal form. We find Nash and Stackelberg equilibria and cooperative solutions for nonsymmetrical Cournot oligopoly game-theoretic models in normal form. Also, we build and investigate cooperative three-player games with the same characteristic functions on the base of these models, including the calculation of Shapley value. We compare payoffs received by the players according to different optimality principles of cooperative games and games in normal form.
Certain types of minimum covering Estrada index of graphs
Authors: Shooshtari Hajar , Atapour Maryam , Cancan Murat
Published: October 2022

Let G be a simple, finite, undirected graph with n vertices. The main purpose of this paper introduces the concepts of the minimum covering Gutman Estrada index, the minimum covering Seidel Estrada index, the minimum covering distance Estrada index, the minimum covering Randić Estrada index, the minimum covering Harary Estrada index, and the minimum covering color Estrada index of a graph. First, we compute the new concepts for some of the graphs, such as cocktail party, star, crown, complete and complete bipartite. Moreover, we establish upper and lower bounds for the new concepts.
L(2,1,1)-labeling of interval graphs
Authors: Amanathulla Sk. , Bera Biswajit , Pal Madhumangal
Published: October 2022

[Formula: see text]-labeling problem ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]) is an important topic in discrete mathematics due to its various applications, like in frequency assignment in mobile communication systems, signal processing, circuit design, etc. [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] is a special case of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]. An [Formula: see text]-labeling ([Formula: see text]) of a graph [Formula: see text] is a mapping [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] or 3, where [Formula: see text] is the distance between the nodes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In this work, we have determined the upper bound of [Formula: see text] for interval graph (IG) and obtained a tighter upper bound which is [Formula: see text]. Also, we proposed an efficient algorithm to label any IG by [Formula: see text] and also computed the time complexity of the proposed algorithm.
Development and Application of Analogous Materials for Fluid-Solid Coupling Physical Model Test
Authors: Ren Mingyang , Yin Xiangjie , Li Ningjing , Wu Xuyang , Liu Heng
Published: October 2022

The coupling effect between the stress field formed by rock mass and the seepage field formed by groundwater has an important impact on the stability of underground engineering. In order to conduct the fluid-solid coupling physical model test in the laboratory, it is necessary to develop suitable analogous materials. In this study, a new type of analogous material reflecting the fluid-solid coupling effect is developed with iron powder, barite powder, and quartz sand as aggregates, white cement as a cementing agent, and silicone oil as a regulator. Through a large number of orthogonal experiments, the influence laws of different material contents on the mechanical properties and permeability characteristics of analogous materials are obtained. In addition, a method for quickly determining the proportion of components in fluid-solid coupling analogous materials is also proposed. The developed analogous material is employed in the fluid-solid coupling physical model test of a deep tunnel. The variation laws of rock stress, displacement, and seepage pressure around the tunnel during construction are obtained, which verifies the feasibility of the developed analogous material.
The Elevated Circ_0067835 Could Accelerate Cell Proliferation and Metastasis via miR‐1236‐3p/Twist2 Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Jianghong , Qi Zihan
Published: October 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant cancer with leading mortality worldwide. Circ_0067835 is a circRNA which plays an important role in various kinds of tumor, while the potential functions of circ_0067835 in HCC remains unclear. In this study, our results of microarray and real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) showed that it was obviously elevated in human HCC tumor tissues and HCC cell lines. Inhibition of circ_0067835 restrained cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Furthermore, miR‐1236‐3p was decreased in tumor samples, and it was indicated to be a target of circ_0067835. Moreover, Twist2 was established to be elevated in HCC tissues, and we identified it as the direct target of miR‐1236‐3p. Finally, we found that knockdown of miR‐1236‐3p could reverse the circ_0067835 inhibition effects in HCC cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that circ_0067835 contributed to promoting hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis through downregulating miR‐1236‐3p expression and then elevating Twist2 expression, which might provide a new vision for HCC patients.
Evaluating the Properties of Railway Ballast Using Spectral Analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar Signal Based on Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition
Authors: Zatar Wael , Hua Xia , Chen Gang , Nguyen Hai , Nghiem Hien
Published: October 2022

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely applied in the assessment of railway ballast conditions (fouling, moisture) by using the spectrum of the tested GPR signal. However, the drawbacks of the low time‐frequency resolution and mode mixing prevent the traditional spectrum methods from a wide application. This paper uses the advanced time‐frequency analysis of GPR signal based on optimized variational mode decomposition to extract the features of ballast. The new approach overperforms the conventional frequency spectrum methods of GPR signal processing by giving a clear and quantitative assessment of ballast signals. Experimental results of GPR with dry and wet fouled ballasts demonstrate that, by comparison with the feature extraction method of conventional spectrum methods such as spectrogram and wavelet, the feature extraction method based on the optimized VMD has much better separability and quantitative identification capability.
Simulation Analysis of Artificial Intelligence in Enterprise Financial Management Based on Parallel Computing
Authors: Feng Zhu
Published: October 2022

Under the background of today’s society, people’s daily life and production are inseparable from the use of information technology. With the rapid development of Internet technology and national information industry, more and more small and medium-sized enterprises choose to apply AI financial information management system. Based on this background, this paper introduces the principle of parallel computing and applies it to the financial management of enterprises together with artificial intelligence technology. Firstly, the paper discusses the model and form of the basic technology, then optimizes it, studies the actual financial management needs of small and medium-sized enterprises, completes the design and implementation of the system structure, and conducts simulation experiments to test the effectiveness of the system’s functional performance. It can be seen from the test results that the system meets the design goals and has basic functions, but some details and contents need to be improved and supplemented. Therefore, we must strive to ensure the accuracy, preciseness, and reliability of financial management data. When more data are needed, faster and better data processing based on user needs and feedback is required. This paper delves into artificial intelligence technology and the idea of parallel computing. This paper applies it to the field of enterprise financial management to create an effective management system.
Characterization and Stability of Multi-Euler-Lagrange Quadratic Functional Equations
Authors: Bodaghi Abasalt , Moshtagh Hossein , Mousivand Amir
Published: October 2022

The aim of the current article is to characterize and to prove the stability of multi-Euler-Lagrange quadratic mappings. In other words, it reduces a system of equations defining the multi-Euler-Lagrange quadratic mappings to an equation, say, the multi-Euler-Lagrange quadratic functional equation. Moreover, some results corresponding to known stability (Hyers, Rassias, and Gӑvruta) outcomes regarding the multi-Euler-Lagrange quadratic functional equation are presented in quasi-β-normed and Banach spaces by using the fixed point methods. Lastly, an example for the nonstable multi-Euler-Lagrange quadratic functional equation is indicated.
Emergency Information Communication Structure by Using Multimodel Fusion and Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Lei Liping
Published: October 2022

With the development of The Times, social events are increasing, and emergency management has gradually become the main helper to solve the crisis in the public domain. By observing the current situation of many countries and regions, we can find that various types of public crises often occur in many countries and regions in the world, which have severely affected people’s daily life, lives, and property. Through long-term research and analysis, it can be known that the emergency management mechanism currently established in China has certain shortcomings. The communication problem of emergency information is likely to cause the emergency work to not proceed smoothly. In addition, problems in the communication channels of emergency information are likely to cause problems in the cooperation of various departments when people carry out emergency management work, and the efficiency of the government in dealing with problems will also be reduced in real scenarios. In order to improve the efficiency of emergency information management, this paper aims at the various problems existing and facing in the construction of emergency management system. On this basis, the integration of various relevant emergency information management plan models is analyzed and sorted out, and based on the research and integration of the development of artificial intelligence algorithms. The main research results of emergency information management at home and abroad are comprehensively studied and evaluated. Finally, a QG algorithm based on more model fusion is developed. In the process of analysis, this article uses artificial intelligence algorithms to build a prediction model of multiple modes and collects the data needed to build the model by random extraction. Through the analysis of different data sets, it is used as the basic training data for prediction. Through comprehensive analysis, the model constructed in this paper can promote the sharing of emergency information among departments to a certain extent.
In Silico Identification of New Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro) Molecules with Pharmacokinetic Properties from Natural Sources Using Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations and Hierarchical Virtual Screening
Authors: Onyango Harrison , Odhiambo Patrick , Angwenyi David , Okoth Patrick
Published: October 2022

Infectious agents such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have emerged in recent years causing epidemics with high mortality rates. The quick development of novel therapeutic compounds is required in the fight against such pathogenic agents. Unfortunately, the traditional drug development methods are time-consuming and expensive. In this study, computational algorithms were utilized for virtual screening of a library of natural compounds in the ZINC database for their affinity towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Compounds such as cinanserin, nelfinavir, baicalin, baicalein, candesartan cilexetil, chloroquine, dipyridamole, and hydroxychloroquine have the ability to prevent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro from facilitating COVID 19 infection; thus, they treat COVID 19. However, these drugs majorly act to reduce the symptoms of the disease. No anti-viral drug against COVID 19 virus infection has been discovered and approved. Therefore, this study sought to explore natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro to develop a pharmacophore model for virtual screening of natural compounds in the ZINC database as potential candidates for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors and as therapeutic molecules against COVID 19. This study undertook in silico methods to identify the best anti-viral candidates targeting SAR-CoV-2 Mpro from natural sources in the ZINC database. Initially, reported anti-SARS-CoV-2 Mpro molecules were integrated into designing a pharmacophore model utilizing PharmaGist. Later, the pharmacophore model was loaded into ZINCPHARMER and screened against the ZINC database to identify new probable drug candidates. The root means square deviation (RMSD) values of the potential drug candidates informed the selection of some of them, which were docked with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro to comprehend their interactions. From the molecular docking results, the top four candidates (ZINC000254823011, ZINC000072307130, ZINC000013627512, and ZINC000009418994) against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, with binding energies ranging from –8.2 kcal/mol to –8.6 kcal/mol, were examined for their oral bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic properties. Consequently, ZINC000072307130 emerged as the only orally bioavailable drug candidate with desirable pharmacokinetic properties. This candidate drug was used to perform MD simulations, and the outcomes revealed that ZINC000072307130 formed a stable complex with the viral main protease. Consequently, ZINC000072307130 emerges as a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor for the production of new COVID 19 drugs.
Gorenstein‐Projective Modules over a Class of Morita Rings
Authors: Asefa Dadi
Published: October 2022

Let be a Morita ring such that the bimodule homomorphisms are zero. In this paper, we give sufficient conditions for a Δ(0,0)‐module (X, Y, f, g) to be Gorenstein‐projective. As an application, we give sufficient conditions when the algebras A and B inherit the strongly CM‐freeness of Δ(0,0).