bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Reconstructions of ‘Effectiveness’: Some Implications for State Continuity and Sea-level Rise
Authors: Green Alex
Published: February 2024

Abstract—

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are uniquely threatened by rising sea levels. Not only does the retreat of their coastlines place them in danger of losing maritime territory; the concurrent possibility of their landmasses becoming either uninhabitable or completely submerged also threatens their very existence. According to one understanding of the law that governs the continuity and extinction of states, political communities that permanently lose ‘effectiveness’—typically understood as sufficient governmental control of a relatively determinate territory with a permanent population—must lose their statehood as well. In this article, I provide three reconstructions of effectiveness, each of which rests upon a different normative rationale. My contention is that, regardless of which reconstruction one adopts, the continuity of submerged SIDS is eminently supportable, notwithstanding the arguments frequently made in favour of their formal extinction.
How motivation and perceived organizational support influence the work engagement of police volunteers in Malaysia
Authors: Cheah Phaik Kin , Suppiah Suresh , Unnithan N Prabha , Moses Priscilla , Tey Tiny Chiu Yuen , Greenwood Ian D , Tan Jian Heng
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of individual motivation and perceived organizational support on the work engagement of police volunteers in Malaysia. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, 390 completed questionnaires were collected through purposive sampling. Structural equation modeling was employed for hypothesis testing. The study found that both motivation and perceived organizational support significantly influence work engagement. Additionally, a path was identified linking motivation to perceived organizational support. This research is among the first to explore these relationships in the context of volunteer police work in Malaysia. It is limited to one police organization in one Malaysian state, warranting further validation in other law enforcement settings. The findings offer actionable insights to improve organizational support and motivation, aiming to enhance volunteer engagement. Given the growing trend of police volunteerism globally, this study holds relevance for law enforcement agencies utilizing volunteer personnel.
Novel Pestalotiopsis that Causes Gray Spot Disease of Polygonatum cyrtonema in Hunan Province of China
Authors: Sun Lei , Zhou QianYa , Fan QinJing , Wang ShiYi , Zhang Sha , Deng GuangLi , Li Ying , Zou Juan , Chen Xu , Li ShengHua
Published: February 2024

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a perennial herb of the Asparagaceae family that is used for both dietary and medicinal purposes in China. In September 2019, a new leaf spot disease on Polygonatum cyrtonema was detected and is currently widespread in Huaihua, Hunan Province, China. Pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified from samples of diseased tissue that were collected for morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies. The pathogen was identified using multilocus (ITS, TEF-1, and TUB2) phylogenies, as well as morphological characters, and was found to be clustered but separately divergent from species of Pestalotiopsis. However, there were significant morphological differences between the pathogen and similar species. The pathogen was finally identified as a new species that was designated Pestalotiopsis xuefengensis. This is the first report of Pestalotiopsis xuefengensis serving as the causal agent of gray leaf spot on Polygonatum cyrtonema. This study will provide useful information for the diagnosis and management of this disease.
Does the level and type of femur fracture determine intra-medullary peak pressures during reamed femoral nailing? A Prospective study
Authors: Kotze J , McCollum G , Breedt C , Kruger N
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES:

Investigation of femoral intra-medullary pressures during reamed antegrade nailing and to determine whether fracture level and/or complexity affect peak pressures

METHODS:

Design: Prospective, non-randomized observational cohort

Setting:

Single level I trauma centre

Patient selection criteria:

Included were patients presenting with femur fractures (OTA/AO 31A3; 32A; 32B; 32C; 33A2; 33A3), requiring antegrade intra-medullary nail fixation. Excluded were minors and patients presenting with haemodynamic instability; a reduced level of consciousness and intoxication. Femurs were divided into thirds based on pre-operative radiological measurements and allocated to 3 groups based on fracture location: Proximal (A), middle (B) and distal (C) third femur fractures. Fracture complexity was also documented.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:

Peak intra-medullary pressures of proximal, middle and distal third femoral fractures were compared during antegrade femoral IM nail fixation.

RESULTS:

Twenty-two fractures in twenty-one patients were enrolled and treated over a 4-month period with a distribution of fracture locations of Group A = 12; Group B = 6 and Group C = 4.

Measured mean resting distal IM pressures were significantly higher [p < 0.05] in proximal fractures (Group A: 52.5 mmHg) than in middle and distal third fractures (Group B: 36.6 mmHg and Group C: 27.5 mmHg).

Greatest peak pressures were generated during the first ream in groups A and B, occurring distal to the fracture in all cases. Group A averaged 363.8 mmHg (300-420); Group B 174.2 mmHg (160-200) and Group C 98.8 mmHg (90-100). There was a significant difference comparing group A with B and C combined [p <0.01] as well as group A with B [p <0.05] and C [p <0.05] individually.

Group A consisted of 6 comminuted and 6 simple fracture configurations. Mean peak pressures in these subgroups differed significantly: 329mmHg (300-370) vs 398mmHg (370-430) respectively [p <0.05]. Complex fractures in study groups B and C did not have significantly different peak pressures compared to simple fractures [p >0.05].

CONCLUSIONS:

Both the fracture location and comminution affect peak intra-medullary pressures during reamed antegrade femoral nailing. Proximal, simple fracture configurations resulted in significantly higher pressures when compared to more distal and comminuted fracture configurations.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Efficacy of MicrOnized Purified Flavonoid Fraction in PoST-Hemorrhoidectomy Period (MOST Trial): Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Medkova Yuliya , Tulina Inna , Yudina Valeriya , Abdullaev Ruslan , Vlada Scherbakova , Novikov Ivan , Nikonov Andrey , Tsarkov Petr
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Frequent early postoperative complication of hemorrhoidectomy is thrombosis and edema of mucocutaneous “bridges.”

OBJECTIVE:

We investigated the efficacy of micronized purified flavonoid fraction in preventing complications following elective hemorrhoidectomy.

DESIGN:

Prospective unicentral open-label randomized controlled trial.

SETTINGS:

2021-2022 Clinic of Colorectal and Minimally Invasive Surgery Sechenov University (Moscow, Russia).

PATIENTS:

Patients after hemorrhoidectomy, which was done for grade III-IV hemorrhoids

INTERVENTIONS:

After hemorrhoidectomy, patients were randomly allocated either to standard treatment (peroral non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and local anesthetics, topical steroids, psyllium, warm sitz baths, nifedipine gel) – control group, or to standard treatment with micronized purified flavonoid fraction (study group) and followed for 60 days.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Thrombosis or edema of mucocutaneous bridges and pain intensity on a visual analogue scale оn 1st-7th, 14th , 21st and 30th postoperative day; quality of life and patient-assessed treatment effect оn 1st, 3rd, 7th, 21st and 30th postoperative day; perianal skin tags оn 60th postoperative day.

RESULTS:

The data from 50 patients were analyzed (25 in each group). Visual analogue scale demonstrated nо differences between groups in each follow-up point. Compared to control group, the patients in study group had significantly higher patient-assessed treatment effect оn 1st, 3rd, 7th, 21st and 30th post operative days, significantly lower rate of thrombosis or edema of mucocutaneous bridges оn 1st-7th, and 14th days. Patients in the study group had significantly lower rates of perianal skin tags.

LIMITATIONS:

Unicenter open-label design.

CONCLUSIONS:

Micronized purified flavonoid fraction in the post-hemorrhoidectomy period is an effective adjunct to standard treatment that helps reduce the rate of thrombosis and edema of mucocutaneous bridges, improves patient-assessed treatment effect, and prevents postoperative perianal skin tags formation. Micronized purified flavonoid fraction in the post-hemorrhoidectomy period is not associated with additional pain relief in comparison with non-micronized purified flavonoid fraction standard treatment. See Video Abstract.
Traumatic scrotal sac hematoma after a fall injury
Authors: Kafle Rijan , Yogi Tek Nath , Bartaula Sanjok , Bhusal Amrit , Labh Sujal , BK Himal , Malla Nakendra , Gahatraj Manish
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Importance:

Traumatic scrotal sac hematoma is an uncommon medical condition following a fall injury. Symptoms include swelling, pain, and discoloration. Accurate and immediate diagnosis is crucial to avoid complications and prevent testis loss, abscess formation, erectile dysfunction, and infection. This case highlights the importance of prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Case Presentation:

A 56-year-old man without prior medical history presented to the emergency department with scrotal pain and swelling 10 h after a traumatic event. The patient underwent a series of examinations, including radiological studies, before undergoing scrotal exploration and hematoma evacuation under subarachnoid block anesthesia. As of now, the patient has not experienced any complications that have impacted his quality of life.

Clinical Discussion:

Scrotal sac hematoma is formed following a blunt trauma when a significant force is transferred during contact with a solid object, impact from sports equipment, road traffic accidents, or falls from a height. If early exploration is delayed, then it can lead to complications like testicular atrophy, abscess formation, and infection. Hence, prompt diagnosis with clinical and radiological evaluation followed by immediate surgical intervention can result in better outcomes.

Conclusion:

Scrotal sac hematoma from blunt trauma is rare but can cause significant morbidity and psychological distress. Early surgical intervention is often necessary, especially if a testicle has ruptured, to salvage viable testicular tissue and control bleeding, resolve pain faster, shorten hospital stays, and improve the quality of life for patients.
Using Arterial Recoil for Large Bore Access Closure After Impella Assist Device Removal
Authors: Talha Khawaja M. , Winscott John G. , Patel Vishal , Lemor Alejandro , Ashley Kellan E. , Campbell William F. , McMullan Michael R. , Hernandez Gabriel A.
Published: February 2024

The use of Impella assist device for high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions and cardiogenic shock has increased in the last decade and requires a large bore arterial access (LBA). However, LBA closure following Impella removal is associated with significant complications. Herein, we describe the safety and efficacy of a novel method of LBA closure using arterial recoil following Impella removal. We performed a retrospective review of electronic medical records of patients who underwent LBA closure using this method from July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2022. The procedure involves controlled downsizing of the arterial sheath from 12 French (Fr) to 6 Fr catheters with intermittent compression to allow patent hemostasis facilitated by arterial recoil. Baseline characteristics and outcomes including closure success, immediate/delayed bleeding, and access site complications were included. Of 103 patients with Impella placement, 20 (19%) underwent LBA closure with this method. Patients were predominantly male (80%) and White (55%) with a mean age of 65 ± 16 years. After downsizing of the femoral sheath to 6 Fr, 14 patients underwent manual compression, 3 patients had a 6 Fr catheter left in place to maintain access, and 3 patients underwent placement of a Perclose or Vascade device. Successful LBA closure was performed in all patients with no immediate or delayed bleeding complications. Five patients (25%) died inpatient; the deaths were unrelated to complications of Impella removal. In conclusion, LBA closure post-Impella removal with this novel method was safe and effective. Further prospective studies are needed to ascertain its comparative efficacy.
Complicated Falciparum Malarial ARDS Requiring Noninvasive Support
Authors: Piastra Marco , Picconi Enzo , Genovese Orazio , Ferrari Vittoria , Morena Tony Christian , Valentini Piero , De Pascale Gennaro , Antonelli Massimo , Conti Giorgio
Published: February 2024

Severe plasmodium falciparum infection can induce respiratory distress and clinical ARDS in children, requiring intensive care admission and respiratory support. We present 3 cases of imported malarial acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring noninvasive ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit, in the absence of any cerebral involvement. Radiological features and their relationship with severe hematological complications are also illustrated.
Use of the “Sepsis Risk Calculator” in Belgian Newborns: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Langer Bianca I. , Johansson Anne-Britt , Mathé Karin , Jourdain Sarah , Smeesters Pierre R.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Prevention of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a frequent reason why many newborns receive unnecessary antibiotics. The Sepsis Risk Calculator (SRC) was developed by the Kaiser Permanente Institute as a multivariate risk assessment of EONS, aiming to reduce laboratory testing and empiric neonatal antibiotic therapy. Our objective was to assess the potential of the SRC in reducing antibiotic use in our setting.

Methods:

Late preterm and term newborns who received antibiotics from 2019 to 2020 in a tertiary Belgian hospital were included. Newborn-specific data were collected and entered into the online SRC, retrospectively calculating a sepsis risk score and providing recommendations for antibiotic administration. False-positive indications for treatment by the SRC were estimated based on previously published data. Antibiotic therapy rates according to the SRC recommendations were compared to the actual rate of antibiotic therapy.

Results:

Of 5891 births, 414 newborns received antibiotics and were eligible for this study, representing a rate of 7.6% of newborns receiving antibiotics following our current guidelines. The SRC would have recommended antibiotic administration for 2.7%, reducing antibiotic therapy by 64.5%. Of 5 possible cases of EONS, 3 would have received antibiotics in the first 24 hours according to the SRC.

Conclusions:

In this Belgian cohort, use of the SRC has the potential to significantly decrease by 64.5% the newborns that receive antibiotics. This reduction would primarily concern asymptomatic newborns. If use of the SRC was to be implemented in Belgian maternities, strict clinical surveillance practices should be ensured.
Do current methods of measuring the impact of chronic pain on work reflect the experience of working-age adults? An integrated mixed-methods systematic narrative review
Authors: Stagg Anne L. , Madan Ira , Fear Nicola , Stevens Martin J. , Wainwright Elaine , Hoving Jan L. , Macfarlane Gary J. , Hollick Rosemary , Morton LaKrista ,   on behalf of the QUICK Study Investigators
Published: February 2024

Chronic pain affects individuals' work participation. The impact of chronic pain on work has historically been measured through sickness absence, though it is now appreciated that the impacts on work are far wider. This mixed-methods review aimed to identify the full range of impacts of pain on work in addition to impacts that are currently measured quantitatively to inform the development of a new questionnaire assessing the wider impacts of chronic pain on work. MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, and CINAHL were searched for studies that included quantitative measures of the impact of chronic pain on work and for qualitative studies where individuals described impacts of their chronic pain on work. Quantitative measures, and text from qualitative studies, were analysed thematically. A thematic framework was developed for establishing the types of impacts measured or described in the literature. Forty-four quantitative and 16 qualitative papers were identified. The literature described impacts within 5 areas: changes at work and to working status; aspects of the workplace and work relationships; pain and related symptoms at work; psychological factors; and factors and impacts outside the work environment related to work. Quantitative measures mainly assessed impacts related to the quantity and quality of work (29 of 42 measures). Seventeen aspects were only discussed within the qualitative literature. This study identifies a discrepancy between the impacts that have been the focus of quantitative measures and the range that individuals working with chronic pain experience and highlights the need for a new measure assessing a wider range of issues.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy models constructed from human induced pluripotent stem cells and directly converted cells: a systematic review
Authors: Smulders Pascal S.H. , Heikamp Kim , Hermanides Jeroen , Hollmann Markus W. , ten Hoope Werner , Weber Nina C.
Published: February 2024

Developments in human cellular reprogramming now allow for the generation of human neurons for in vitro disease modelling. This technique has since been used for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) research, resulting in the description of numerous CIPN models constructed from human neurons. This systematic review provides a critical analysis of available models and their methodological considerations (ie, used cell type and source, CIPN induction strategy, and validation method) for prospective researchers aiming to incorporate human in vitro models of CIPN in their research. The search strategy was developed with assistance from a clinical librarian and conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase (Ovid) on September 26, 2023. Twenty-six peer-reviewed experimental studies presenting original data about human reprogrammed nonmotor neuron cell culture systems and relevant market available chemotherapeutics drugs were included. Virtually, all recent reports modeled CIPN using nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons. Drugs known to cause the highest incidence of CIPN were most used. Furthermore, treatment effects were almost exclusively validated by the acute effects of chemotherapeutics on neurite dynamics and cytotoxicity parameters, enabling the extrapolation of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration for the 4 most used chemotherapeutics. Overall, substantial heterogeneity was observed in the way studies applied chemotherapy and reported their findings. We therefore propose 6 suggestions to improve the clinical relevance and appropriateness of human cellular reprogramming–derived CIPN models.
Different response of two primary neoplastic lesions to neoadjuvant therapy: a case report
Authors: Pang Chaoyu , Fan Zhiyao , Zhan Hanxiang
Published: February 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor, which is mostly solitary in the pancreas. Surgery-based comprehensive treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy is the currently advanced treatment modality, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has achieved satisfactory results, however, due to the high heterogeneity of PDAC, its sensitivity to chemotherapy is also different. A 66-year-old man presented with discomfort in the upper abdomen and Computed Tomography (CT) scans revealed two tumor lesions in the head and tail of the pancreas, respectively. Endoscopic ultrasonoraphy guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed to clarify the pathology and the patient was recommended to undergo neoadjuvant therapy. Through five courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the two tumors showed different treatment effects, and after evaluation, total pancreatectomy and splenectomy were provided to patients.We report a case of the one patient presenting with two pancreatic cancer lesions, who demonstrated different therapeutic responses after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy due to the heterogeneity of PDAC.
Perspective on insulin use in gestational diabetes: A phenomenological study
Authors: Düzgün Gönül , Polat Gökşen , Ünsal Avdal Elif
Published: February 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by carbohydrate metabolism intolerance during pregnancy in individuals with normal blood glucose levels before pregnancy. The first-line treatment for GDM is nutrition and exercise, and insulin therapy is initiated when these are insufficient. Pregnant women who are started on insulin often think that they use drugs that may be harmful to the baby. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the perspectives of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes on insulin use using a phenomenological approach. Qualitative research was conducted using phenomenological patterns. The interviews were recorded on an online/face-to-face voice recorder in a semi-structured form, and thematic content analysis was performed using MAXQDA22. Based on the inclusion criteria of the 2 hospitals specific to the study, 15 patients were included, and the study reached saturation. Three main themes and 2 subthemes were obtained from the coding. The main themes were derived from, “fear,” “baby protector,” and “last remedy” coding. Pregnant women diagnosed with GDM can define gestational diabetes because of the training provided. Because the pregnancy period is sensitive, pregnant women delay control and insulin application for the health of their babies. Moreover, they sometimes experience pain during the injection, and believe that it may harm their babies.
Identification of key genes associated with heart failure based on bioinformatics analysis and screening of traditional Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of heart failure
Authors: Luo Xu , Wang Rui , Zhang Xin , Wen Xin , Xie Wen
Published: February 2024

Heart failure (HF) is the final stage of heart disease. An increasing number of experiments and clinical reports have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has many therapeutic effects and advantages in treating HF. In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to screen key genes and predict the components of Chinese herbal medicines with preventive and therapeutic effects on HF. GSE120895 and GSE21610 HF chips were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was performed to determine key modules. Genes in key modules were used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes analysis to determine the biological functions. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to screen out key genes, and single-sample GSEA was conducted to screen TCM compounds and effective ingredients of TCM compounds related to HF. We have selected a key module (MeTerquoise) and identified 489 DEGs, of which 357 are up regulated and 132 are down regulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes analyses indicated that the DEGs were associated with the extracellular matrix, fat metabolism and inflammatory response. We identified IL2, CXCR4, CCL5, THY1, CCN2, and IL7R as key genes. Single-sample GSEA showed that key genes were mainly related to energy metabolism, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, extracellular matrix, and immunity. Finally, a total of 70 TCM compounds and 30 active ingredients of TCM compounds were identified. Bioinformatics methods were applied to preliminarily predict the key genes and TCM compounds involved in HF. These results provide theoretical support for the treatment of HF with TCM compounds and provide targets and research strategies for the development of related new Chinese medicines.
Case report: GCA like picture-preceding inaugural MOGAD presentation: A patient with a sudden-onset uniocular blindness
Authors: Zeng Yixuan , Liu Xuan , Bai Runtao , Zhou Yanxia , Ren Lijie
Published: February 2024

Rationale:

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD) represents a demyelinating neurological syndrome characterized by the presence of serum IgG antibodies directed against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG). Concurrently, giant cell arteritis (GCA) constitutes a systemic autoimmune vasculitis.

Patient concerns:

In this case, we describe an elderly female patient who presented with the sudden onset of a severe headache, unilateral blindness, and clinical manifestations resembling those of GCA.

Diagnosis:

Upon conducting a comprehensive analysis of serum antibodies, the diagnosis of MOGAD was established due to the presence of detectable serum MOG-IgG.

Interventions:

Subsequently, the patient was administered intravenous methylprednisolone therapy, commencing 27 days after the initial onset of symptoms.

Outcomes:

It is noteworthy that patients afflicted by MOGAD typically manifest severe visual impairment, which, in many instances, exhibits significant improvement following immunotherapeutic interventions. However, this particular patient did not experience any amelioration in visual function despite glucocorticoid therapy.

Lessons:

This unique case illustrates that the clinical presentation resembling GCA may precede the inaugural manifestation of MOGAD. This suggests the possibility of immune-mediated arterial involvement. The significance of glucocorticoid therapy in the context of immune-related diseases warrants further scrutiny, particularly in cases where MOG-IgG screening should be promptly considered.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis and arthritis: A case report
Authors: Xie Rong-Xin , Xue Yu-Bao , Ci Xin-Yu , Zhang Mei-Juan
Published: February 2024

Rationale:

As a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, camrelizumab is used in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However, a variety of immune-mediated adverse reactions have been reported in a wide range of clinical applications, including immune-related colitis, arthritis, hepatitis, etc.

Patient concerns:

This 56-year-old male patient experienced diarrhea, bloody stool, and knee pain after receiving camrelizumab for metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Colonoscopy showed granular changes in the whole colonic mucosa and blurred or even disappeared vascular texture. Pathology showed chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Magnetic resonance imaging of knee joint showed exudative inflammatory changes in bilateral knee joints.

Diagnosis:

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis and arthritis.

Interventions:

Mesalazine oral (extended-release granules, 1000 mg/quarter in die daily). Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (once daily, 5mg in the evening) and compound cypress liquid (once daily, 100ml in the evening) were given by enema. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatment of bone pain plaster.

Outcomes:

The patient had diarrhea reduced to 3 times/day, no more bloody stools, and the knee pain was relieved.

Lessons:

This article describes the cases of immune-related colitis and arthritis caused by camrelizumab, and recommends considering the risk of colitis and arthritis with camrelizumab monotherapy or combination therapy.
Visualization analysis of exercise intervention on Alzheimer disease based on bibliometrics: Trends, hotspots and topics
Authors: Jin Yu , Li Xue , Yuan Qiongjia , Huang Xiaohan , Zhang Deman
Published: February 2024

Background:

As the challenges of an aging society continue to escalate, Alzheimer disease (AD) has emerged as a significant health, social, and public concern, garnering substantial attention. Exercise, as a safe, effective, and cost-efficient approach with the potential to mitigate brain aging, has garnered considerable interest. Nevertheless, there has been a limited research investigating the current trends, hotspots, and topics of exercise on AD.

Methods:

The literature spanning from 2013 to 2022 was obtained from the Web of Science database, and CiteSpace VI was employed to conduct an analysis encompassing fundamental data, keywords, and co-citation analysis.

Results:

A total of 9372 publications were included in the analysis. The annual number of publications has exhibited a gradual increase. The United States and China made significant contributions, with England showing higher citation rates and greater academic influence. The Journal of Alzheimers Disease, Neurosciences Neurology, Liu-Ambrose, Teresa represents the most published journal, discipline, and author, respectively. The research trends can be summarized as exploring functional changes and potential mechanisms related to exercise impact on AD. The hotspots in the research include the intersection of AD and diabetes mellitus, as well as the underlying effects induced by exercise. The topics of interest revolve around the application of emerging technologies in the context of exercise and AD.

Conclusion:

This bibliometric analysis has identified relevant trends, hotspots, and topics within the exercise intervention on AD. It offers a comprehensive overview that can equip researchers with valuable insights for future exploration and assist scholars in charting research trajectories in related domains.
Effect of RhD and RhE sample phenotypic blood transfusion on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ling , Wang Tao , Song Jieqiong , Guo Feng
Published: February 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic effects and clinical outcomes of HCC patients, who received both RhD and RhE same phenotypic blood transfusion during perioperative period.

Methods:

Microcolumn gel technology (MGT) was used to detect Rh blood group phenotyping in 98 HCC patients. Patients received RhD and RhE same phenotypic transfusion were defined experimental group, and those received only RhD same phenotypic but RhE different phenotypic transfusion were included in control group. Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) before and after perioperative transfusion were analyzed. The occurrence of adverse transfusion reactions were observed. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results:

After the transfusion treatment, the Hb (118.9 ± 34.8 g/L vs 99.6 ± 26.9 g/L) and HCT [(34.0 ± 7.6)% vs (29.9 ± 8.8)%] of experimental group and the Hb (104.3 ± 36.2 g/L vs 94.8 ± 25.0 g/L) of control group were significantly higher than those before blood transfusion, respectively (all P < .05). In addition, Hb and HCT in experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group after transfusion (P < .05). For the adverse blood transfusion reactions, the incidence of backache was reduced in the patients received Rh same phenotypic transfusion compared with those in control group (1.9% vs 15.2%, P = .024). The overall survival of patients in experimental group was better than that in control group (log-rank P = .036).

Conclusion:

Our study indicated that both RhD and RhE same phenotypic transfusion significantly increased Hb and HCT and reduced backache incidence than RhE different phenotypic transfusion in HCC patients. The overall survival of patients was improved by RhD and RhE same phenotypic transfusion.
The effect of non-contrast enhanced MRA on patients with renal insufficiency and foot pain
Authors: Wu Gang , Yang Yongli , Liu Liangjin
Published: February 2024

To investigate the feasibility of non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography of arteries and veins (NATIVE) sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) and quiescent interval single shot (QISS) in assessing foot arteries of patients with renal insufficiency and foot pain. Fifty-three patients (mean age = 44.2 ± 11.4 years, male: female = 27:26) underwent QISS and NATIVE-SPACE. The source images were reconstructed to maximum intensity projection and volume render. The image quality of QISS and NATIVE-SPACE was rated (0–3, poor to excellent), and was compared using Wilcoxon test. True or false positive was determined by comparing the findings of QISS and NATIVE-SPACE. The relative signal intensity of artery was obtained for each case, and was compared between QISS and NATIVE-SPACE using Mann Whitney test. The acquisition time of NATIVE-SPACE was significantly longer than that of QISS (178.4 ± 35.7 seconds vs 45.4 ± 8.9 seconds, P < .001). QISS had significantly lower image quality score versus NATIVE-SPACE (1.4 ± 0.5 vs 2.4 ± 0.6, P = .02). Fifteen percentage (8/53) NATIVE-SPACE cases had poor image quality due to the similarity of peak flow and minimum flow. The relative signal intensity was significantly lower in QISS versus NATIVE-SPACE (9.7 ± 1.3 vs 68.2 ± 12.4, P < .001). NATIVE-SPACE is valuable in evaluating foot arteries of patients with renal insufficiency. QISS can serve as an alternative test to NATIVE-SPACE.
Clinical value of ultrasound in adult Wilms’ tumor patient with uremia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Jing-Jing , Yang Li-Fei , Zhang Yi-Zhen , Xie Xiao-Hong
Published: February 2024

Rationale:

Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric kidney malignancy and is rarely found in adults. Nonspecific clinical symptoms and imaging features often lead to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis of adult WT, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Ultrasound (US), as an efficient and noninvasive examination method, has been widely used in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, various US evidence is meaningful to improve understanding of adult WT characteristics in ultrasound.

Patient concerns:

A 45-year-old female patient with uremia (regular hemodialysis for 13 years) with painless gross hematuria was diagnosed with a right kidney tumor penetrating to the lung. Preoperatively, B-mode ultrasonography showed an ill-defined hyperechoic mass in the right kidney, which revealed an unclear border, uneven internal echoes, and calcification. Besides, the internal blood flow signal of the tumor was detected. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) showed an uneven hyper-enhancement in the tumor (“fast in and slow out”). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the kidney indicated a similar result as the CEUS. Moreover, the chest CT identified multiple pulmonary metastatic nodules.

Diagnoses:

An ultrasound-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of the tumor proceeded to make a definite diagnosis of adult WT (epithelial type).

Interventions:

The patient was treated with tislelizumab.

Outcomes:

No progress was found to date.

Lessons:

We report the first case in which CEUS was performed in an adult WT patient with uremia and multiple pulmonary metastases. The features obtained by the US can help in the diagnosis of adult WT and direct further diagnostic procedures.
Incidence of histoplasmosis in patients receiving TNF-alpha inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cipolat Murillo M. , Rodrigues Débora R.R. , Brenol Claiton V. , Pasqualotto Alessandro C. , Falci Diego R.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Immunobiological drugs such as TNF-α inhibitors are valuable in rescue therapy for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but they increase the risk of infectious complications. Histoplasmosis is a significant concern in patients living in endemic regions, however, few studies have assessed the incidence of Histoplasma infection during therapy, and classic estimates may underestimate the risk. This study aimed to produce an updated risk estimate of histoplasmosis in patients on TNF-α blocking therapy.

Methods:

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that contain parameters for calculating the risk of histoplasmosis in people who use TNF-α inhibitors, to produce a risk estimate.

Results:

We identified 11 studies with the necessary parameters for inclusion in the meta-analysis, most of which were from North America. The incidence rate of histoplasmosis found was 33.52 cases per 100,000 patients treated with TNF-ɑ inhibitors (95% CI 12.28–91.46). Considering only studies evaluating monoclonal antibodies, the calculated incidence was 54.88/100,000 patients treated (95%CI 23.45–128.34). In subgroup analysis, the incidence was much higher in patients with IBD compared to rheumatic diseases. There was significant heterogeneity among the studies.

Conclusion:

The risk of histoplasmosis during TNF-α inhibitory therapy may be considerably higher than that found in classical estimates, especially in patients with IBD. There is a lack of studies evaluating histoplasmosis in large endemic areas, such as Central and South America.
Micropapillary or solid component predicts worse prognosis in pathological IA stage lung adenocarcinoma: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yifan , Hu Jingguo , Sun Yu , Lu Yusong
Published: February 2024

Background:

Micropapillary and solid patterns indicate worse survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients, even in pathological stage IB patients. However, whether the presence of micropapillary or solid components is related to worse prognosis in pathological IA stage lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear.

Methods:

Several databases were searched up to December 31, 2022 for relevant studies investigating the association between micropapillary and solid components and the survival of IA stage lung adenocarcinoma patients. Primary and secondary outcomes are disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs) were combined, and subgroup analysis stratified by the pathological subtype and proportion of components was further performed.

Results:

A total of 19 studies with 12,562 cases were included. Pooled results indicated that micropapillary or solid components obviously predicted worse DFS (HR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.96–2.94, P < .001) and OS (HR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.68–3.15, P < .001). Subgroup analysis based on pathological subtype showed that both micropapillary and solid components were significantly associated with worse DFS (micropapillary: HR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.70–4.28, P < .001; solid: HR = 3.98, 95% CI: 2.10–7.54, P < .001) and OS (micropapillary: HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.17–4.48, P = .015; solid: HR = 4.18, 95% CI: 1.72–10.17, P = .002). In addition, further subgroup analysis stratified by the proportion of micropapillary and solid components (>5%/1% or predominant) showed similar results.

Conclusion:

Micropapillary and solid patterns predicted a significantly worse prognosis in pathological IA stage lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Association between urinary glyphosate exposure and bone mineral density in adults
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Zhang Hongwei , Du Weibin , Hu Jintao , Quan Renfu
Published: February 2024

There is very limited evidence linking glyphosate exposure to bone mineral density in adults aged 20 to 59 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between urinary glyphosate concentrations and total bone mineral density (BMD) in adults aged 20 to 59 years. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2013 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which included 594 men (mean age 39.1 years) and 610 women (mean age 40.0 years). In our study, we utilized a weighted multiple regression equation model to investigate the potential correlation between urinary glyphosate concentration and total BMD. Additionally, we conducted a stratified analysis to differentiate between various special populations. Our findings revealed a significant negative association between urinary glyphosate concentration and total BMD across 3 different regression models (Model 1, β [95% CI]: −0.0160 [−0.0200, −0.0120]; Model 2, β [95% CI]: −0.0135 [−0.0172, −0.0098]; Model 3, β [95% CI]: −0.0141 [−0.0178, −0.0104]). However, after stratifying by gender, age, and race, we observed varying conclusions. This study found that urinary glyphosate concentration was negatively associated with total BMD in both men and women when stratified by sex. Additionally, when stratified by age, the negative association was more significant in the 20 to 29 and 50 to 59 year age groups. When stratified by race, a significant negative association was found in races other than Hispanic. Therefore, the impact of glyphosate exposure on BMD should attract more people’s attention.
Biomechanical changes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during walking: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Jie , Chen Meng , Wang Xin , Luo Xiaobing
Published: February 2024

Background:

To clarify the differences in biomechanical characteristics present in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients during walking.

Methods:

Cross-sectional studies related to the biomechanical characteristics of AIS were included by searching 7 major databases and analyzed using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results:

There were a total of 15 trials involving 377 AIS patients. The results showed that during walking, AIS had increased pelvic coronal tilt (effect size [ES] = −1.34, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = −2.41 to −0.27, P = .01), knee and ankle sagittal mobility were reduced (ES = −5.22, 95% CI = −7.51 to −2.94, P < .001; ES = −3.58, 95% CI = −5.93 to −1.22, P = .003). The duration of electromyogram activity was prolonged in the gluteus medius (ES = 7.65, 95% CI = 5.33–9.96, P < .001), lumbar square (ES = 10.73, 95% CI = 6.97–14.49, P < .001), and erector spinae (ES = 14.35, 95% CI = 6.94–21.76, P < .001) muscles. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the step length of the concave side of the spine was reduced (ES = −0.36, 95% CI = −0.71 to −0.01, P = .04).

Conclusion:

AIS has characteristic biomechanical changes in spatiotemporal, phase kinematics, motor mechanics, and electromyographic signatures. Further comprehensive studies are required in the future to analyze the biomechanical and electromyographic differences among different degrees and types of scoliosis, as well as the differences between the concave and convex sides of scoliosis during walking.
Screening of potential key genes in esophageal cancer based on RBP and expression verification of HENMT1
Authors: Reyimu Abdusemer , Xing Fei , Zhou Wubi , Zheng Ying , Liu Ben , Dai Jingjing , Xing Yingru , Gao Jian
Published: February 2024

To screen key biomarkers of esophageal cancer (ESCA) by bioinformatics and analyze the correlation between key genes and immune infiltration. Expression profile data of ESCA was downloaded from TCGA database, and DEGs in ESCA were screened with R software. After the RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in DEGs were screened, the protein interaction network was constructed using tools such as STRING and Cytoscape and the key genes (HENMT1) were screened. Survival analysis of HENMT1 was performed by Kaplan–Meier method. Functional enrichment analysis of HENMT1 interacting proteins was performed using the DAVID website, and GSEA predicted the signal pathways involved by HENMT1. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the infiltration of immune cells in ESCA. The expression of HENMT1 in ESCA was detected by immunohistochemistry. A total of 105 RNA binding proteins (RBPs) were differentially expressed in ESCA, and a PPI network was constructed to screen the key gene HENMT1. The expression level of hemmt1 gene was closely related to the infiltration of B cells naive, T cells regulatory (Tregs), neutrophils, T cells CD4 memory activated, master cells resting and dendritic cells resting in ESCA tissues (P < .05). Immunohistochemical results showed that HENMT1 was highly expressed in ESCA tissues and was positively correlated with the expression of MKI67. HENMT1 is related to the occurrence and prognosis of ESCA, and is also related to the infiltration of immune cells in ESCA tissue, which may provide a new idea for the targeted treatment of ESCA.
Bile duct injury with formation of right hepatic duct-duodenal fistula after cholecystectomy: A case report
Authors: Wang Yuxu , Liu Yanyan , Lv Pan , Li Hao , Gong Weiqiang
Published: February 2024

Rationale:

The management of bile duct injury (BDI) remains a considerable challenge in the department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. BDI is mainly iatrogenic and mostly occurs in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). After more than 2 decades of development, with the increase in experience and technological advances in LC, the complications associated with the procedure have decreased annually. However, bile duct injuries (BDI) still have a certain incidence, the severity of BDI is higher, and the form of BDI is more complex.

Patient concerns:

We report the case of a patient who presented with bile duct injury and formation of a right hepatic duct-duodenal fistula after LC.

Diagnoses:

Based on the diagnosis, a dissection was performed to relieve bile duct obstruction, suture the duodenal fistula, and anastomose the right and left hepatic ducts to the jejunum.

Intervention:

Based on the diagnosis, a dissection was performed to relieve bile duct obstruction, suture the duodenal fistula, and anastomose the right and left hepatic ducts to the jejunum.

Outcomes:

Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with normal liver function and no complications, such as anastomotic fistula or biliary tract infection. The patient was hospitalized for 11 days postoperatively and discharged.

Lessons:

The successful diagnosis and treatment of this case and the summarization of the imaging features and diagnosis of postoperative BDI have improved the diagnostic understanding of postoperative BDI and provided clinicians with a particular clinical experience and basis for treating such diseases.