bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impactos del manejo de bosques y percepción de bienes y servicios ambientales en comunidades del cantón Jipijapa, Ecuador
Authors: Indacochea Ganchozo MSc. Blanca S. S. , Jimenez González Alfredo , Parrales Villacreses Johann
Published: December 2019

El estudio se realizó en siete parroquias rurales del cantón Jipijapa, y el objetivo fue determinar los impactos del manejo de bosques y percepción de bienes y servicios ambientales en comunidades de este cantón. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 15 agricultores (informantes claves). Se constató que en su mayoría los agricultores son analfabetos; asimismo las viviendas están dispersas debido al proceso migratorio del campo a la ciudad con la consiguiente disminución de la población rural. La mayoría de los entrevistados reconoce lo inadecuado de las prácticas agrícolas tradicionales que realizan. Se identifican como bienes directos del bosque a, la madera para aserrío, leña y carbón, plantas medicinales, madera para varas, horcones, soleras, postes y plantas comestibles. La energía, regulación hídrica y control de la erosión, son algunos de los servicios que refieren los encuestados. Se concluye que existe una marcada degradación de la estructura de los bosques y que la especie Cordia alliodora contribuye a la recuperación de los ecosistemas objeto de estudio. La investigación - acción – participación se constituye en una herramienta viable en los estudios de percepción de bienes y servicios ambientales.

Palabras clave: servicios ecosistémicos, investigación, participación

 

Impacts of forest management and perception of environmental goods and services in communities in the canton Jipijapa, Ecuador

 Abstract

 The study was performed in seven rural parishes of the canton Jipijapa, and the objective was to determine the impacts of forest management and perception of environmental goods and services in communities of this county.Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 15 agricultores (informantes claves).It is found that most farmers are illiterate; Also the houses are scattered due to migration from the countryside to the city with the resulting decline in rural population.Most of the interviewees acknowledged the inadequacy of traditional farming practices they perform. They identified as direct forest goods, wood for lumber, firewood and charcoal, medicinal plants, wooden sticks, wooden posts, sills, posts and edible plants. Energy, water regulation and erosion control are some of the services referred to respondents. We conclude that there is a marked degradation of forest structure and species Cordia alliodora contributes to the recovery of the ecosystems studied. The research - action - participation constitutes a viable tool in studies of perception of environmental goods and services.

 Key words: ecosystem services, research, participation.
Textos multimedia del Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador en la educación básica media
Authors: Macías Arias Enrique Javier , Chilan Intriago Bory Daniel , Suasty Alcívar Kenny Orlando , Zambrano Montenegro David Fernando
Published: December 2019

La educación en nuestro país estaba basada en una enseñanza de solo texto, esto hacia que el estudiante no le diera interés de aprender, la educación moderna con la ayuda de la tecnología informática se propuso una mejor enseñanza – aprendizaje basada en textos interactivos donde el estudiante tendrá relación directa visual, auditiva   y manipulación de la tecnología computacional. La informática a partir de su aparición se ha ido adaptándose a todas las necesidades de uso del ser humano. Una de ella viene a ser la enseñanza - aprendizaje, impartición de conocimiento, a través de los sistemas multimedia los cuales facilitan a gran escala el mejor entendimiento de los temas, como la mejor distribución de la información. Se planteó contribuir un recurso didáctico para el mejor aprendizaje de los estudiantes que se apoya en fundamentos  informáticos y el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación. Metodológicamente es una investigación  de  campo  documental  -  bibliográfica  de  carácter  descriptivo,  tipo encuesta, ya que las mismas fueron realizadas a diferentes unidades educativas. Los instrumentos son de enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo a los docentes y a los estudiantes. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por los estudiantes de segundo a décimo año de educación básica, docentes que imparten las áreas de conocimientos de las materias principales como Lenguaje y Comunicación, Matemáticas, Ciencias Naturales y Estudios Sociales.

 Palabras clave: Multimedia, interactivo, sistemas, recurso didáctico Multimedia texts of the Ministry of Education of Ecuador in basic education Abstract

 Education in our country was based on a teaching text-only, this to the student did not give  him  an  interest  in  learning,  modern  education  with  the  help  of  computer technology offers a better teaching - learning based interactive texts where students will visual, auditory and manipulation of computer technology direct relationship.

The computer from his appearance has adapted to the needs of human use. One of them is to be the teaching - imparting knowledge through multimedia systems which facilitate large scale better understanding of the issues, such as better distribution of information. She contribute raised an educational resource for the best student learning that relies on computer basics and the use of Information and communication technologies. Methodologically it is a documentary field research - descriptive literature, survey type, since  they  were  performed  at  different  educational  units.  The  instruments  are quantitative and qualitative teachers and students focus. The study population consisted of students from second to tenth year of basic education teachers who teach the areas of knowledge of the main subjects such as language and communication, mathematics, science and social studies.

 Keywords: Multimedia, interactive systems, educational resource
La didáctica para desarrollar la habilidad lingüística de escuchar en el Idioma inglés
Authors: Santana Toala Javier Agustín
Published: December 2019

Este  artículo    tiene    como  Objetivo  orientar  a  los  Docentes  en  una  metodología  para desarrollar la habilidad de escuchar en la enseñanza del Idioma Ingles. Tomando como punto de partida las habilidades lingüísticas: hablar, leer, escribir y escuchar teniendo en cuenta esta última como elemento de suma importancia dentro de las competencias comunicativas. Se presenta una metodología que puede ser utilizada como material de apoyo para los Docentes usando  algunos  Tic´s   para  que  desarrollen  la     comprensión  auditiva  y  lograr  una comunicación  eficaz en los estudiantes de Administración de Empresas Agropecuarias  de la Universidad  Estatal  del  Sur de Manabí.  El desarrollo  de habilidades  lingüísticas  para la escuchar  en inglés,  no solo le posibilita al estudiante manifestar las cosas que le rodean, que lo ha ido adquiriendo en la actividad y la comunicación diaria con los demás miembros de la carrera a la que pertenece o aquellos con los que   interactúa ocasionalmente, sino que se establece como una de las principales vías para la asimilación de nuevos conocimientos y experiencias resultante de la interacción con los demás.

 Palabras claves: Comprensión auditiva, metodología, didáctica, habilidades lingüísticas

 

Didactics to develop the language skills of listening in English Language

Abstract

 This article aims to guide teachers in a methodology to develop listening skills in teaching English Language. Taking as its starting point the linguistic skills: speaking, reading, writing and listening considering the latter as an element of utmost importance in communication skills. A methodology that can be used as support material for teachers to develop some Tic's listening and effective        communication        among        students        in        farm        management        presents. Developing language for English listening skills not only enables the student will manifest the things around him, he has acquired in the activity and daily communication with other members of the career to which he belongs or those with which interacts occasionally, but is established as one of the main routes for the assimilation of new knowledge and experience resulting from the interaction with others.

 Keywords: Listening, methodology, didactics, language skills
Modelo de desarrollo esbelto de aplicaciones informáticas confiables
Authors: Suasti Alcívar Kenny Orlando , Chun Molina Sandy Raúl , Macías Arias Enrique Javier , Lucas Ostaiza Nexar Bolívar
Published: December 2019

El artículo presenta una propuesta de herramienta de manufactura esbelta aplicadas al desarrollo de software con seguridad lógica, dentro del marco de métodos ágiles, en particular el desarrollo de software seguro; lo que permitirá a equipos de desarrollo obtener una calidad sistémica del software (producto, procesos y personas que intervienen). Se recomienda emplear estas herramientas y evaluarlas constantemente con la aplicación iterativa e incremental del ciclo de calidad propuesto por Deming: planificar, hacer, verificar y actuar. Esta investigación se basó del campo tecnológico, documental, bibliográfico de carácter descriptivo, tipo encuesta la misma que fueron realizadas a diferentes profesionales en la materia, programadores y empresas dedicadas a la creación de software. Con esta propuesta se contribuye al desarrollo de proyectos de software con calidad en entornos científicos - académicos, ajustados al tiempo planificado y Modelo para aplicaciones confiables con los recursos presupuestados; utilizando herramientas propias de la ingeniería. Con la investigación se logra concluir que el desarrollo y la creación de software con seguridad lógica son más confiables y se benefician varias entidades públicas y privadas de nuestro país.

 Palabras claves: Software seguro; Calidad de software; Método ágil; Ingeniería de software, calidad sistémica, seguridad lógica.

 

Slim model development of reliable applications

Abstract

 The article presents a proposal for lean manufacturing tool applied to software development with logical security within the framework of agile methods, including secure software development; allowing development teams to obtain a systemic software quality (product, processes and people involved). We recommend using these tools and constantly evaluate them with the iterative and incremental implementation proposed by Deming quality cycle: plan, do, check and act. This research was based technological, documentary, bibliographic descriptive field, type the same survey were conducted with various professionals in the field, programmers and companies dedicated to creating software. This proposal contributes to the development of quality software projects in scientific environments - academic, adjusted planned budgeted time and resources; using proprietary engineering tools. The investigation concluded that manages the development and creation of logical security software are more reliable and several public and private entities of our country benefit.

 Keywords:   Secure   software   development,   Quality   software,   Agile   method,   Software

 Engineering, systemic quality; logical security
Envejecimiento de la piel: influencia del tabaco en mujeres privadas de libertad en centro penitenciario en Portoviejo, Ecuador
Authors: Adum Lípari Mirella , Agrazal Vásquez Helen Jhosoá
Published: December 2019

La salud de la piel es importante no sólo por su aspecto, si no  por el papel que tiene en la  realización de  muchas tareas corporales esenciales. Esta  juega un rol vital como primera línea de defensa del cuerpo contra la infección y otros elementos duros. Dentro de la afecciones de la piel es de valiosa importancia la atención al envejecimiento prematuro de la misma. La investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar la influencia del tabaco en mujeres privadas de libertad. Para este, se fijó como objeto de estudio la salud de la piel y se tomó como   campo de observación   el Centro de Rehabilitación Femenino   y Centro de Detención Provisional   Tomás Larrea en la Ciudad de Portoviejo, Ecuador. Para el desarrollo del trabajo, se utilizaron   varios soportes metodológicos como la empleo de tres métodos fundamentales: el inductivo- deductivo el científico y el analítico- sintético, los cuales fueron desarrollados a través de diferentes técnicas que permitieron dilucidar  varias interrogantes sobre la temática. Se concluyó sobre la nocividad de la adicción al tabaquismo, la cual es la causante de muchas enfermedades, donde se incluye el envejecimiento prematuro de la piel y los efectos perjudiciales tanto estéticos como para la salud de las mujeres: Se pudo concluir, además, sobre la   existencia   de situaciones socioeconómicas que demuestran las realidades con las cuales conviven las personas privadas de libertad en ese centro.

Palabras clave: Envejecimiento de la piel, tabaquismo, consumo del tabaco, mujeres privadas de libertad

 

The skin aging: snuff influence on female inmates in prison in Portoviejo, Ecuador

Abstract

 The health of the skin is important not only for its appearance but by the role it plays in the realization of many essential bodily tasks. This plays a vital role as the first line of defense of the body against  infection  and  other harsh  elements.  Among  the skin conditions great attention is paid to importance of premature aging thereof. The overall objective of research was to determine the influence of snuff in women prisoners. For this, it was set as an object of study the health of the skin and it was taken as the field observation “el Centro de Rehabilitación Femenino y Centro de Detención Provisional Tomás Larrea en la Ciudad de Portoviejo, Ecuador”. There were used the scientific analytic and synthetic methods, which were developed through different techniques that allowed to elucidate some questions on the theme. It was concluded on the harmfulness of smoking addiction, which the cause of many diseases, including the skin aging is affecting not only aesthetically but also the health of women including harmful effects.

Keywords: Skin aging, smoking, consumption of snuff, prisoners
Los Espacios de Juegos en la estimulación temprana de los niños /as menores de 3 años en la parroquia Picoazá del cantón Portoviejo
Authors: Giler Giler Rosa , Solórzano Palacios Leicy , Menéndez López Jorge , Chilan Intriago Bori
Published: December 2019

El presente es un estudio descriptivo de los espacios de juegos en la estimulación temprana de los niños y niñas de 0 a 3 años, un lugar donde se encuentren seguros, cómodos  y con capacidad para experimentar y explorar, la investigación enfoca la existencia de niños (as) con cierta falta en su desarrollo de capacidades ya sean motrices, cognitivas o bien socio afectivas, este trabajo se lo realizó en la parroquia Picoazá del catón Portoviejo, en Ecuador, teniendo como objetivo determinar la incidencia de los espacios de juegos en la estimulación temprana. El problema es que los padres y madres o las personas a quienes se les da la responsabilidad del cuidado de los niños (as), en la mayor parte de ocasiones desconocen o ignoran la importancia que tiene la recreación a través de un espacio lúdico en los niños. Para obtener datos de la población en estudio se aplicaron las técnicas de encuestas a 300 familias que no conocen sobre la importancia de estos sitios, los resultados del diagnóstico demostraron que la estimulación temprana ayuda a fortalecer el cuerpo y a desarrollar las emociones y la inteligencia del niño (a), concluyendo que hay la necesidad de que se capacite a las familias acerca de los espacios adecuados y juegos lúdicos para mejorar la estimulación temprana en los infantes.

 Palabras claves: Motrices, cognitivas, recreación, lúdico, habilidades.

 

 Spaces of Games in the early stimulation of children under 3 years of age in the  Picoazá parish of Portoviejo

 Summary

 The present study is a descriptive study of play spaces in the early stimulation of children from 0 to 3 years old, a place where they are safe, comfortable and with capacity to experiment and explore, the investigation focuses the existence of children with A lack in their development of capacities, whether motor, cognitive or affective, this work was carried out in the Picoazá parish of the Portoviejo city in Ecuador, aiming to determine the incidence of play spaces in early stimulation. The problem is that the parents and the people who are given responsibility for the care of the children, in most cases are unaware or ignore the importance of recreation through a playful space in children. To obtain data from the study population, survey techniques were applied to 300 families who do not know about the importance of these sites; the results of the diagnosis showed that early stimulation helps to strengthen the body and to develop the child's emotions and intelligence. Concluding that there is a need to train families about adequate spaces and play games to improve early stimulation in infants.

 Keywords: Motrices, cognitive, recreation, playful, skills.
La orientación educativa y la elección de la carrera universitaria de los estudiantes de bachillerato
Authors: Rodríguez Álava Leonor Alexandra , Acosta Santana Gabriela Somaira , López Chica Carmen Azucena
Published: December 2019

El artículo como parte de un proyecto de investigación, aborda el rol que desempeña el psicólogo educativo como orientador en la elección de la carrera universitaria  por  parte de los estudiantes de bachillerato en Ecuador, se plantea como objetivo el análisis de los aspectos que consideran los estudiantes al momento de elegir la carrera universitaria, así como los métodos y técnicas que los orientadores  utilizan para el efecto. Para la puesta en marcha de esta experiencia se encuestaron 166 estudiantes y 2 psicólogos de la Unidad Educativa Abdón Calderón; a través de los resultados arrojados se concluyó que los docentes y estudiantes limitan esta tarea en   el desarrollo de charlas y test psicométricos desaprovechando de esta manera la gama de actividades proyectivas que permiten junto a otras herramientas una elección no sólo de la carrera profesional sino de un futuro integral de la persona.

 Palabras clave: orientación profesional, orientación vocacional, proyecto de vida, psicología educativa

 

Abstract

The article as part of a research project addresses the role played by the educational psychologist as counselor in choosing the university degree by high school students in Ecuador, is presented as objective analysis of the aspects that consider students when choosing a university profesional degree as well as the methods and techniques used for the counselors and educational psychologist for this effect. For the implementation of this experience 166 students and 2 psychologists from educational unit Abdon Calderon were surveyed. Through the results we conclude that teachers and students limit this task in the development of conferences and psychometric tests missing the broad range of projective activities that allow with other tools a choice not only one profesional career but the integral formation of a person.

 Keywords: Vocational guidance, vocational guidance, life project, educational psychology
PSR J0030+0451 Mass and Radius from NICER Data and Implications for the Properties of Neutron Star Matter
Authors: Miller M. C. , Lamb F. K. , Dittmann A. J. , Bogdanov S. , Arzoumanian Z. , Gendreau K. C. , Guillot S. , Harding A. K. , Ho W. C. G. , Lattimer J. M. , Ludlam R. M. , Mahmoodifar S. , Morsink S. M. , Ray P. S. , Strohmayer T. E. , Wood K. S. , Enoto T. , Foster R. , Okajima T. , Prigozhin G. , Soong Y.
Published: December 2019

Neutron stars are not only of astrophysical interest, but are also of great interest to nuclear physicists because their attributes can be used to determine the properties of the dense matter in their cores. One of the most informative approaches for determining the equation of state (EoS) of this dense matter is to measure both a star’s equatorial circumferential radius R

e
and its gravitational mass M. Here we report estimates of the mass and radius of the isolated 205.53 Hz millisecond pulsar PSR J0030+0451 obtained using a Bayesian inference approach to analyze its energy-dependent thermal X-ray waveform, which was observed using the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). This approach is thought to be less subject to systematic errors than other approaches for estimating neutron star radii. We explored a variety of emission patterns on the stellar surface. Our best-fit model has three oval, uniform-temperature emitting spots and provides an excellent description of the pulse waveform observed using NICER. The radius and mass estimates given by this model are

km and

(68%). The independent analysis reported in the companion paper by Riley et al. explores different emitting spot models, but finds spot shapes and locations and estimates of R

e
and M that are consistent with those found in this work. We show that our measurements of R

e
and M for PSR J0030+0451 improve the astrophysical constraints on the EoS of cold, catalyzed matter above nuclear saturation density.
Constraining the Neutron Star Mass–Radius Relation and Dense Matter Equation of State with NICER. I. The Millisecond Pulsar X-Ray Data Set
Authors: Bogdanov Slavko , Guillot Sebastien , Ray Paul S. , Wolff Michael T. , Chakrabarty Deepto , Ho Wynn C. G. , Kerr Matthew , Lamb Frederick K. , Lommen Andrea , Ludlam Renee M. , Milburn Reilly , Montano Sergio , Miller M. Coleman , Bauböck Michi , Özel Feryal , Psaltis Dimitrios , Remillard Ronald A. , Riley Thomas E. , Steiner James F. , Strohmayer Tod E. , Watts Anna L. , Wood Kent S. , Zeldes Jesse , Enoto Teruaki , Okajima Takashi , Kellogg James W. , Baker Charles , Markwardt Craig B. , Arzoumanian Zaven , Gendreau Keith C.
Published: December 2019

We present the set of deep Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) X-ray timing observations of the nearby rotation-powered millisecond pulsars PSRs J0437−4715, J0030+0451, J1231−1411, and J2124−3358, selected as targets for constraining the mass–radius relation of neutron stars and the dense matter equation of state (EoS) via modeling of their pulsed thermal X-ray emission. We describe the instrument, observations, and data processing/reduction procedures, as well as the series of investigations conducted to ensure that the properties of the data sets are suitable for parameter estimation analyses to produce reliable constraints on the neutron star mass–radius relation and the dense matter EoS. We find that the long-term timing and flux behavior and the Fourier-domain properties of the event data do not exhibit any anomalies that could adversely affect the intended measurements. From phase-selected spectroscopy, we find that emission from the individual pulse peaks is well described by a single-temperature hydrogen atmosphere spectrum, with the exception of PSR J0437−4715, for which multiple temperatures are required.
Description of Dichelacera (Dichelacera) lamasi n. sp. (Diptera: Tabanidae), a new species from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Penaforte Fernanda , Henriques Augusto
Published: December 2019

The genus Dichelacera is widely distributed in the Neotropical region. The nominal subgenus is the most diverse with 67 species and one subspecies.

We described Dichelacera lamasi n. sp., the 68th species of nominal subgenus, based on a female from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Diagnosis, discussion and illustrations are also provided.
Immune-metabolic genesis of pathological processes
Authors: Zemskov Andrei M. , Berezhnova Tatyana A. , Zemskova Veronika A. , Dyadina Kseniya S. , Kulintsova Yana V. , Larin Anton V.
Published: December 2019

This article deals with metabolic-immune processes at rest and under stress conditions, which, in turn, results in the development of immune-dependent and immune-associated disorders. The article analyzes study results and conclusions of various literature sources and experimental data in healthy individuals and patients suffering from non-specific inflammatory lung diseases; purulent-inflammatory diseases and their combinations, primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis in the acute stage and remission. Research studies investigated the impact of the type, stage, combination of diseases on the parameters of the immunologic and metabolic statuses, as well as their correlations. The authors also analyzed metabolic effects of immunomodulators. Based on the analysis of the literature and own clinical and experimental data, the authors identified the ability of metabolic factors to regulate immunological processes. A correlative analysis of examination results of the patients with various diseases helped detect the unity of the immune-metabolic mechanisms of pathology. The data on the therapeutic effect of various modulators through differentiated biochemical chains and vice versa – the metabolic effect through immunological mechanisms –were analyzed in the study. Thus, one can testify that there is the phenomenon of a mediated effect of some immunocorrectors on the reactivity through metabolic chains. The fact that a number of modulators and metabolics can simultaneously affect the biochemical and immunological parameters of patients proved the above phenomenon. There was revealed a significant correlation interaction of the immune-metabolic parameters with various types of purulent-inflammatory diseases, which proves the formation of a single mechanism of pathology.
Correction of retinal ischemic injuries by using non-selective imidazoline receptor agonists in the experiment
Authors: Levkova Еlena A. , Pazhinsky Anton L. , Lugovskoy Sergey S. , Peresypkina Anna A. , Bashuk Victoria V. , Pazhinsky Leonid V. , Martynov Mikhail A. , Beskhmelnitsyna Evgeniya A.
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Retinoprotective effects of non-selective imidazoline receptor agonists: potassium salt of С7070; sodium salt of С7070; С7070 processed with CO2 – were investigated in comparison with C7070 on the retinal ischemia-reperfusion model in rats.

Materials and methods: The protective effects of the substances were evaluated by using ophthalmoscopy, laser Doppler flowmetry, electroretinography, histological and morphometric studies of retinal layers.

Results and discussion: The most pronounced retinoprotective effect was observed in potassium salt of C7070 at a dose of 10 mg/kg, which expresses in approaching the normal eye fundus image, achieving the target values of the retinal blood flow, b/a coefficient, and reaching the norm values of morphometric indicators. A less pronounced protective effect was found in sodium salt of C7070 at a dose of 10 mg/kg, which expresses in a 71% decrease (p < 0.05) in semi-quantitative assessment of the eye fundus changes, an increase in the retinal blood flow level by 70.4% (p < 0.05), in b/a by 94% (p < 0.05) in comparison with the group without correction, and reaching the norm of the morphometric indicators. A retinoprotective effect of the substance C7070 processed with CO2 at a dose of 10 mg/kg is inferior to that of the sodium salt of C7070.

Conclusion: The retinoprotective activity of the substances is expressed in descending order: potassium salt of С7070 (10 mg/kg) ≈ С7070 (50 mg/kg) > sodium salt of С7070 (10 mg/kg) > С7070 processed with CO2 (10 mg/kg) ≈ С7070 (10 mg/kg). Injections of glibenclamide leveled the neuroretinoprotective effects of the substances to varying degrees, which confirmed the participation of ATP-dependent potassium channels in the implementation of these effects.
The environmental information report in the annual accounts: An analysis of the main ports in Spain
Authors: Crespo Soler Cristina , Giner Fillol Arturo , Naranjo Tuesta Yenny , Ripoll Feliu Vicente
Published: December 2019

The aim of this work is to present the content analysis on the intelligibility of the environmental information that is reported in the annual accounts of the main Port Authorities in Spain. The annual accounts are related to documents that contain primarily financial information, and thus meet the needs of users (especially external users) in the decision-making process; in this sense, the work analyzes the environmental aspects presented in them. The data analyzed lead us to conclude that the Port Authorities of Castellón, Gijón and Valencia are the ones that provide the most information about their activities and environmental actions in their annual reports; however, with regard to the clarity of the information reported, the Port Authority of Cartagena is the clearest in conveying the message, while the information presented by the Port Authorities of Castellón and Huelva is less explicit. It is thus recommendable for the Port Authorities to improve their communication strategies in their annual reports, in order to demonstrate their environmental actions in the immediate socioeconomic environment, referring to other sources of information, such as sustainability reports.
Effect of Anterior Corneal Higher-Order Aberration Ablation Depth on Primary Topography-Guided LASIK Outcomes
Authors: Wallerstein Avi , Gauvin Mathieu , Cohen Mark
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE:

To investigate the contribution of anterior corneal higher-order aberration ablation depth (HOA-AD) to topography-guided outcomes.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective comparative analysis of 9,722 consecutive eyes undergoing laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) treated on the clinically measured refractive cylinder with Contoura software (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). Outcomes of the 3,246 eyes with the shallowest HOA-AD (first tercile: 5.4 ± 0.9 µm) were compared to the 3,362 eyes with the deepest HOA-AD (last tercile: 11.0 ± 1.7 µm).

RESULTS:

The HOA-AD followed a left-skewed normal distribution (
R
2
= 0.98) with a mean ± standard deviation of 8.02 ± 3.00 µm, with 1.8% of eyes greater than 15 µm. The efficacy index of shallow versus deep HOA-AD eyes was identical (0.98 ± 0.07 vs 0.98 ± 0.09;
P
= .99), with a similar percentage having spherical equivalent within ±0.50 diopters (D) (95.2% vs 95.0%;
P
= .71) and within ±0.75 D (98.9% vs 98.7%;
P
= .46) of intended target. The safety index (1.00 ± 0.03 vs 1.00 ± 0.04;
P
= .19) and Alpins correction index (1.00 ± 0.39 vs 1.01 ± 0.43;
P
= .53) were also identical. The mean postoperative refractive astigmatism difference between the shallow (0.15 D) and deep (0.20 D) groups was 0.05 D. The 3-month laser re-treatment rate was greater in the deep group (0.83% vs 0.37%;
P
= .02), but less than 1% for both groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The contribution of topography-guided HOA-AD to clinical outcomes in most virgin eyes is negligible, with excellent efficacy, accuracy, and safety in both the deep and shallow ablation groups. Eyes with deep HOA-AD greater than 15 µm trend to lesser outcomes, but should not be excluded from topography-guided surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(12):754–762]

.
Persistence of Retinal Indocyanine Green Dye Following Vitreous Surgery
Authors: Nakamura Hideo , Hayakawa Kazuhisa , Imaizumi Ayako , Sakai Miyako , Sawaguchi Shoichi
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
 To investigate the duration of postoperative persistence of indocyanine green (ICG) dye used during vitreous surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
 Thirty-three patients (34 eyes) underwent macular surgery with removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) or epiretinal membrane using ICG dye to stain the membrane for better visualization. Infrared fundus photographs were taken postoperatively until infrared fluorescence had completely disappeared. The time for residual ICG dye to fade from the retina was studied for eyes with full-thickness macular hole, epiretinal membrane, and macular edema for comparison.

RESULTS:
Persistent ICG dye was primarily observed at sites where macular hole was present, sites of normal ILM that had not been removed, and the optic disc. ICG dye faded at an average of 7.3 months for patients with macular hole and 3.4 months for patients with other macular diseases (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
ICG dye used during macular surgery can persist in the macular region for up to 7 months following surgery, and seems to remain for a longer period of time in cases with macular hole than in cases with other diseases. Caution is required regarding light exposure by postoperative fundus examinations, daylight, and other natural light.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:37–45.]
Comparison of a Digital Retinal Imaging System and Seven-Field Stereo Color Fundus Photography to Detect Diabetic Retinopathy in the Primary Care Environment
Authors: Schiffman Rhett M. , Jacobsen Gordon , Nussbaum Julian J. , Desai Uday R. , Carey J. David , Glasser David , Zimmer-Galler Ingrid E. , Zeimer Ran , Goldberg Morton F.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
 Because patients with diabetes mellitus may visit their primary care physician regularly but not their ophthalmologist, a retinal risk assessment in the primary care setting could improve the screening rate for diabetic retinopathy. An imaging system for use in the primary care setting to identify diabetic retinopathy requiring referral to an ophthalmologist was evaluated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
 In a masked prospective study, images were obtained from 111 patients with diabetes mellitus using both the digital retinal imaging system and seven-field stereo color fundus photography. The ability to obtain gradable images and to identify diabetic retinal lesions was compared.

RESULTS:
Of all images, 85% of digital retinal imaging system images and 88% of seven-field images were gradable. Agreement based on “no retinopathy” versus “any retinopathy” was excellent (Kappa = 0.96). Agreement based on “microaneurysms or less retinopathy” versus “retinal hemorrhages or worse retinopathy” was very good (Kappa = 0.83).

CONCLUSIONS:
The agreement between the digital retinal imaging system and seven-field photography indicates that the digital retinal imaging system may be useful to screen for diabetic retinopathy.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:46–56.]
Fuentes y fases de redacción en el libro XXXI de Amiano Marcelino
Authors: Sánchez-Ostiz Álvaro
Published: December 2019

El artículo propone que algunas de las discontinuidades estructurales en el último libro de Amiano Marcelino se explican porque pertenecen a secciones que fueron añadidas al núcleo original del relato en una fase posterior de redacción y, por lo tanto, no dependen de la fuente principal: la digresión sobre los hunos y los alanos en XXXI 2, secciones concretas dentro de la narrativa militar (XXXI 6.7-8, 8.7-8, 15.10 y 13) y la nota fisonómica al final de la necrología de Valente. Estas secciones no sólo no están perfectamente integradas en el flujo narrativo, sino que además añaden contenidos discordantes con los argumentos principales en el libro XXXI. Todo ello permite profundizar en la comprensión de la técnica literaria del historiador y de las aparentes incongruencias del último libro de la obra de Amiano.
The Changing Global Context of Victimization
Authors: Policek Nicoletta
Published: December 2019

A cross-continental synergy is paramount when addressing victimization in genocide. The definition of victim of genocide is however challenging, complex, and open to controversies, especially when dealing with a large number of casualties. By proposing a reshaping of the purely legal framework which defines genocide victims, in support of a characterisation that includes all the multiple and sometimes conflicting voices of those who are direct or indirect witnesses of the “crime of all crimes,” this contribution argues for the need of a global legal framework that embeds both collective victimization in genocide as well as the uniquely different and diverse experiences of the victims.
Managing Future Library Services for the Medical Sciences
Authors: Oyelude Adetoun Adebisi , Oluwaniyi Sunday Abiodun
Published: December 2019

This chapter documents the experience of upgrading services in the Faculty of Pharmacy Library, University of Ibadan, Nigeria and future management plans. The participatory and “give-back-to-community” approach, future mappings of users, faculty and library management are documented using a descriptive survey with questionnaire and interviews for data collection. Data was analyzed using frequency counts and percentages, and interview findings are thematically discussed. It was revealed that users expected top rate technology facilities and learning commons with augmented and virtual reality-utilized classrooms and laboratories to replay lectures, experiments, and real-time demonstrations. Online reference-services, booking makerspaces with lecturers locally and internationally solving pharmaceutical problems in prime time, were expected. Strategic planning, technology training, crowdfunding, and human resources collaboration were recommended for implementation of these future services.
Current Trends in Deep Learning Frameworks With Opportunities and Future Prospectus
Authors: Dhawale Chitra A. , Dhawale Krtika
Published: December 2019

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is going through its golden era by playing an important role in various real-time applications. Most AI applications are using Machine learning and it represents the most promising path to strong AI. On the other hand, Deep Learning (DL), which is itself a kind of Machine Learning (ML), is becoming more and more popular and successful at different use cases, and is at the peak of developments. Hence, DL is becoming a leader in this domain. To foster the growth of the DL community to a greater extent, many open source frameworks are available which implemented DL algorithms. Each framework is based on an algorithm with specific applications. This chapter provides a brief qualitative review of the most popular and comprehensive DL frameworks, and informs end users of trends in DL Frameworks. This helps them make an informed decision to choose the best DL framework that suits their needs, resources, and applications so they choose a proper career.
Develop a Neural Model to Score Bigram of Words Using Bag-of-Words Model for Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Balamurali Anumeera , Ananthanarayanan Balamurali
Published: December 2019

A Bag-of-Words model is widely used to extract the features from text, which is given as input to machine learning algorithm like MLP, neural network. The dataset considered is movie reviews with both positive and negative comments further converted to Bag-of-Words model. Then the Bag-of-Word model of the dataset is converted into vector representation which corresponds to a number of words in the vocabulary. Each word in the review documents is assigned with a score and the scores are later represented in vector representation which is later fed as input to neural model. In the Kera's deep learning library, the neural models will be simple feedforward network models with fully connected layers called ‘Dense'. Bigram language models are developed to classify encoded documents as either positive or negative. At first, reviews are converted to lines of token and then encoded to bag-of-words model. Finally, a neural model is developed to score bigram of words with word scoring modes.
Enhanced Sentiment Classification Using Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Mourougappane Arunmozhi , Jaganathan Suresh
Published: December 2019

Sentiment Analysis and classification becomes a key trend in the human world in analyzing the nature and quality of the product, people's emotion, inference about products, and movies. Sentiment Analysis is the process of classification as it classifies the inference or review into positive or negative. Since the data that are labeled are very expensive and difficult to gather, it is hard. Also, the sarcastic data and homonyms are difficult to be identified. Hence the assumption of reviews will be wrong. The solution to identify the sarcastic words and the words with different meanings happens with the help of Recurrent Neural Networks.
We All Must Contribute to a More Comprehensive “Communiversity”
Authors: Ross Jr. Quinton T.
Published: December 2019

Communiversity is a term that has been used to define collaborations between communities and educational institutions. It has also been used in specialized capacities to refer to a collection of educational institutions in an area; the term has been further used to refer to university-specific programs. This chapter explores the 'communiversity' as a construct. It also underscores the need for the communiversity and identifies each stakeholder's role in contributing to a more fortified community-educational institution alliance.
A Virtual Museum of Pompeii “ex Votos”
Authors: Cirafici Alessandra , Avella Alessandra
Published: December 2019

Safeguarding cultural heritage—preserving it from the neglect of time and abandonment—is not in itself enough that the patrimony truly constitutes a part of that slow process of identity which in its inner essence of heritage, that of inheritance, cultural heritage is called upon to participate. For this to happen, it is necessary that heritage is “accessible” in the sense that Jeremy Rifkin has attributed to this term—proposed as a “possible experience” in everyday lives. Thus, new digital technologies not only make it possible to build virtually unlimited “memory archives”, but also to access systems, with a dynamic and interactive consultation so that a new generation of ‘prosumers' (producers/consumers) of the cultural heritage can give new meaning to it. This chapter investigates the potential and meaning of these new “memory archives” through the case study of the archive of the Ex Voto of the Shrine of Our Lady of the Rosary in Pompeii and of the 'stories' that it treasures.
Integrated Digital Models for the Representation and Diagnosis in Existing Buildings
Authors: Balzani Marcello , Raco Fabiana
Published: December 2019

With reference to the fourth Industrial Revolution - the knowledge economy (Rooney, 2005) - the generation of integrated digital models represents one of the most important drivers to generate tangible and intangible added value, helping to incorporate part of the knowledge into production processes. However, in addition to the process of sharing and implementing digital data, the creation of digital models is extremely complex and expensive if it does not involve the set of requirements and needs in the early phase of the project, according to an inclusive and collaborative approach (Carraher et. al. 2017). In this framework, the “Clust-ER BUILD” project aims to achieve integrated Building Information Modelling models and Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) solutions to support innovation, industrial research, and the updating of competencies for intervention projects on existing buildings and cultural heritage.
Harnessing the Power of Artificial Intelligence for Modelling and Understanding Cultural Heritage Data
Authors: Garozzo Raissa , Pino Carmelo , Santagati Cettina , Spampinato Concetto
Published: December 2019

This chapter combines traditional artificial intelligence (AI) concepts, i.e., computational ontologies, with more recent trends, i.e., deep learning for content-based semantic retrieval in Cultural Heritage. More specifically, the proposed AI-empowered system employs computational ontologies for modelling photographs of religious historical buildings. The ontology, besides supporting data-modelling and concept-level annotation, guides a learning process – implemented through Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) – for automated image categorization and retrieval. The whole system has been tested on the ruins of the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Misterbianco, Catania, Italy, showing satisfactory performance.
Waqf Fundamentals, Principles, and Modern Applications
Authors: Jahangir S. M. Rashed , Nagayev Ruslan , Saiti Buerhan
Published: December 2019

Waqf has been playing an important social finance role in improving the welfare of Muslim societies for centuries. Recently, the financial technology (Fintech) has started penetrating every branches of financial system offering better services. Hence, waqf institutions could use this opportunity to comply with the wave of Fintech to improve the efficiency and enhance the transparency of operations. Understanding the importance of waqf, this chapter aims to clarify the concept of waqf from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, define its Shari'ah framework, and provide waqf classifications; and, finally, it reviews the existing applications of waqf models. The study should serve as guidelines for further development of waqf models in light of the latest technological advancements.
Waqf
Authors: Syed Hassan , Genç Sema Yilmaz
Published: December 2019

Modern Islamic Finance and Banking is competing with the conventional banking on many levels. There are tensions between the definitions of ‘Riba ' and ‘Hiyal' that continuously stress the need for Islamic Sharia Boards to update the Sharia Compliance for their products. The concept of ‘Waqf' is the Islamic concept of an endowment Trust. The pious aim of the Waqf is to allow endowment for a specific purpose that must be ‘Halal'. The leading Islamic countries for the purposes of having vibrant Islamic Finance and Banking economies are predominantly past British colonies. These Islamic countries have rich Common Law heritage that guides their Constitutions as they exist today. The Common Law guidelines for Family Law, Inheritance, and Property Law also influence the Sharia compliance framework for contemporary Islamic Finance in those countries. This chapter examines the existing Islamic jurisprudence on Waqf and its influence on Common Law trust, and argues for its revival as the Islamic Trust Law.
Towards the Creation of Strong Brand Image of Waqf Institutions
Authors: Abdullahi Shafiu Ibrahim
Published: December 2019

Studies have been conducted focusing on the role of trust, integrity, and reputation on the image and reputations of Islamic charities. But, these are not the only challenges faced by contemporary Waqf. While the world outside the Waqf institutions has changed, Awqaf are stuck in centuries-old procedures and management practices. This must change for Awqaf to be up to the challenges of modern world. This work focuses on proposing a mechanism that explains how possible it is for Awqaf to improve their image given their unique features and environment. The process through which Waqf improves its relationship with stakeholders such as donors, beneficiaries, and government is as important as other aspects of Waqf operation that have been traditionally covered by scholars. The methodology followed for conducting this work is mainly literature review and critical analysis of the state of Waqf in the Muslim world. Thus, the work is a deductive analysis in Islamic economics and marketing, borrowing from Islamic and conventional fields of marketing and branding.
Waqf and Development
Authors: Qureshi Khan Naila Iqbal
Published: December 2019

Waqf is a Sadaqah Jariyyah, a Capital Gift to Allah which is useful for Sustainable development and beneficial to Muslim, Poor, Marginalised, and disadvantaged communities. The important thing is waqf properties must be used for the benefit of needy. It can be achieved through investing the waqf in infrastructure development through the generation of profits from waqf infrastructure and utilization of Waqf property by common and needy public. The proper management of waqf properties through modern techniques of risk and asset management so that maximum benefits can be achieved through any Waqf property is the need of time. The history of Waqf is very old in Madhya Pradesh and this research is undertaken to study the methods used to commercially develop Waqf lands which are regulated by waqf board of MP located in the state of MP. The researcher is trying to find out the potential of economic development through waqf properties in MP and the welfare which can be achieved of poor and marginalized classes in this chapter.