bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precarização do vínculo de trabalho do médico na Paraíba: reflexos éticos
Authors: Souza Bruno Leandro de , Souza Thiago Guimarães Pereira , Limeira Caio Chaves de Holanda , Borges Heloisa Calegari , Pereira Naraiana Chaves
Published: September 2021

Resumo Observa-se no Brasil uma crescente precarização dos serviços públicos e do trabalho médico. Na Paraíba, há uma forma peculiar de contratação, denominada “codificação”. Trata-se de um vínculo inconstitucional, estabelecido sem assinatura de contrato, por meio do qual o médico recebe por produção e sem garantia de direitos. O objetivo do presente artigo é discutir a precarização do trabalho médico no estado da Paraíba por meio da codificação e suas implicações bioéticas. O texto traz resultados de análise de dados disponíveis no Portal da Transparência do Tribunal de Contas do Estado. Os dados revelam que, no momento da pesquisa, 1.474 médicos trabalhavam na rede estadual de saúde, sendo 716 (48,6%) concursados e 758 (51,4%) codificados. Dentre os codificados, 55,8% são homens (p=0,001), 67,1% trabalham na Zona da Mata Paraibana (p=0,021), e mais de um terço presta serviços para o estado como clínicos. Conclui-se que a codificação é uma forma ilegal de contratação, e que é preciso resgatar o valor social do médico e a dignidade humana, para que a estabilidade desses trabalhadores e a formação de vínculo com os usuários não sejam prejudicadas.
Distribution of cysts holding Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa metacercariae in tissues and organs of mugilid
Authors: Gueretz Juliano Santos , Boeing Maiara , Murasaki Juliana , Schwegler Elizabeth , Moura Anderson Barbosa de , Martins Maurício Laterça
Published: September 2021

Abstract Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa is an etiological agent of human phagicolosis. Mugilids are the second intermediate host, the first being Heleobia australis, and mugilids predatory birds and mammals are its definitive hosts. The occurrence of cysts holding A. longa metacercariae is described in mugilids with a prevalence of up to 100%. The wide geographical distribution of A. longa and its intermediate hosts coupled with the rise in the consumption of raw or poorly cooked fish may elevate the risk of human infection. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the distribution pattern of cysts holding A. longa in mugilids. The tissue and organ samples of these fish were processed in a domestic blender and examined under a stereoscopic microscope to identify the cysts holding the digenetic metacercariae. Of the 24 (100%) fish samples that were analyzed, 12 of Mugil curema and 12 of Mugil liza possessed cysts holding A. longa metacercariae. Digenetic cysts were identified to be present in the gills, heart, stomach, liver, intestines, mesentery, and muscular tissues collected from M. curema and M. liza. Conclusively, in M. curema, the cysts holding A. longa metacercariae were found to be distributed randomly throughout the fish body in almost every tissue and organ that was examined.
Ef﻿fect of Energy Drinks on Color Stability of Different Restorative Materials
Authors: M AlSarheed , F Salama
Published: September 2021

Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of finishing/polishing procedures on color stability of three restorative materials: Nano-hybrid resin composite (NRC), silver glass ionomer cement (SGI), and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) exposed to different staining of energy drinks: Barbican, Bison, and Red bull.
Incoming Flow Lamination Increases the Efficiency of Aerosolized Medication Delivery to 3D Oral Mucosal Tissue Models
Authors: GG Haroutunian , A Tsagikian , E Fedorova , H Zheng , GL Gusella , A Mosoian
Published: September 2021

Background: Inhalable medication devices on the market deliver aerosolized drugs in a turbulent flow, which in complex interaction with oropharyngeal geometry causes the major portion of the drug to deposit locally, while creating significant obstacles for reaching the lower lungs. The unintended deposition of aerosolized medications in the oropharynx is known to have negative effects on oral health. The emergence of numerous new aerosolized medications on the market is very likely to add significantly to the list of side effects. We hypothesized that lamination of the outflow by sequentially subdividing the aerosol flow within the spacer into smaller sub-flows using internal septi of different lengths will improve the delivery of the aerosol to distant targets while reducing its deposition in anterior aspects of the airways, especially in oropharyngeal cavity.
Real-Time Monitoring and Reminding of Remote Peritoneal Dialysis System Based on the Principle of Least Squares
Authors: J Wu , Z Ji , M Pi , T Yi
Published: September 2021

Peritoneal dialysis has been widely studied and applied for kidney disease because of its low cost and easy operation. Given the development of chronic kidney disease worldwide, peritoneal dialysis has attracted more and more attention. At the same time, with the development and popularization of mobile network technology, mobile telematics has begun to become a mainstream trend. By integrating the experience of clinicians, the remote diagnosis and treatment system of the peritoneal dialysis developed by Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital can monitor the entire peritoneal dialysis data of patients. The peritoneal dialysis data were analyzed by statistical methods. In this paper, we designed a data acquisition device with Bluetooth transmission protocol and a user APP to collect peritoneal dialysis data from experimental patients, and built a regression model based on the least square principle according to the clinical data of real patients. Through the model, abnormal or discrete points can be identified in real time. In clinical practice, by analyzing the possible medical risks and adverse events of patients according to the abnormal points, we realize the function of prediction and early reminding. The system indicates the results to patients according to the confidence interval of regression prediction, which greatly strengthens the interaction of the system and improves patient compliance.
Prevalence and Characterization of Aeromonas Spp. Isolated from Some Meat Products in Egypt
Authors: ZH Elbayoumi , RN Zahran , RR Shawish
Published: September 2021

Background/Objective: Meat products are one of the most valuable foods for human consumption. However, meat products may also act as a source of food borne pathogens including Aeromonas species which caused a serious threat to a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and virulence characteristics of Aeromonas species isolated from meat products in Egypt.
Tea and Wellness throughout Life
Authors: P Mason , T Bond
Published: September 2021

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the most commonly consumed beverage globally after water, with black tea being the most popular type of tea drunk in Britain by people of all ages. The potential for tea to contribute to health and wellness throughout life is worthy of consideration. Tea is a low calorie drink with several bioactive polyphenol ingredients which are well known to have antioxidant activity. Black tea in particular is a source of the amino acid L-theanine which has been linked with benefits for mental, immune and cardiovascular health. Prevalence of poor health, including poor cardiovascular, metabolic, mental, brain, bone and immune health, which may result in serious outcomes, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, cognitive decline and an inability to fight infection, is high in the UK and the European region. Interest in safe, natural ingredients for promoting health and wellness is growing. Whilst tea has been consumed for centuries, its health benefits have emerged more powerfully during recent decades giving scientific credence to the traditional perception that tea makes those who include it in their pattern of daily life feel good. This review collates evidence from human studies which evaluate the health and wellness impacts of tea consumption throughout life including into old age. It explores the evidence available on tea and mental and cognitive health, cardiovascular health, metabolic health, bone health, gut health and immune health. It identifies the bioactive ingredients which are likely contributors to these health impacts and includes evidence from laboratory studies that help to explain the mechanisms by which these benefits may occur. Overall, this review concludes that tea consumption contributes to health and wellness throughout life and that everyone should be encouraged to enjoy three cups daily as part of a healthy lifestyle pattern.
An Unusual Presentation of Cryptococcal Infection in a Post Renal Transplant Patient: A Case Report
Authors: WAAGN Nishanthi , A Shiyam
Published: September 2021

Background: Cryptococcus neoformans is opportunistic yeast commonly found in soil contaminated by bird feces throughout the world. Cryptococcosis is a severe fungal infection in a with a high mortality rate among solid organ transplant recipients. The infection usually involves the lungs, central nervous system, skin, bones, and the urinary tract. Cryptococcosis continues to cause significant mortality and morbidity in immunocompromised patients.
Synthesis, Structures, and Antibacterial Activities of Hydrazone Compounds Derived from 4-Dimethylaminobenzohydrazide
Authors: He Guo-Xu , Xue Ling-Wei
Published: September 2021

A series of three new hydrazone compounds derived from the condensation reactions of 4-dimethylaminobenzohydrazide with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde and 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, respectively, were prepared. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and UV-vis spectra, HRMS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystals of the compounds are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The compounds were assayed for antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) activities by MTT method. The results indicated that compound 2 is an effective antibacterial material.
Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluations of Novel Thiazole Derivatives Derived from 4-Phenylthiazol-2-amine
Authors: Abdallah Amira E. M. , Mohareb Rafat M. , Helal Maher H. E. , Mofeed Germeen J.
Published: September 2021

Many novel thiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized using 4-phenylthiazol-2-amine. The reactivity of the latter compound toward different chemical reagents was studied. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established based on elemental analysis and spectral data. Furthermore, twenty compounds of the synthesized systems were selected and evaluated in (μM) as significant anticancer agents towards three human cancer cell lines [MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer), and SF-268 (CNS cancer)] and normal fibroblasts human cell line (WI-38). The results showed that compounds 9 and 14a displayed higher effeciency than the reference doxorubicin.
In vitro and In silico Evaluation of Structurally Diverse Benzyl-pyrrolidine-3-ol Analogues as Apoptotic Agents via Caspase Activation
Authors: Naqvi Tahira , Amin Asif , Ali Shujat , Lone Mohsin Y. , Bashir Nadeem , Khan Shafi U. , Htar Thet T. , Rizvi Masood Ahmad
Published: September 2021

The activation of caspases is central to apoptotic process in living systems. Defects in apoptosis have been implicated with carcinogenesis. Need to develop smart agents capable of inducing apoptosis in tumor cells is obvious. With this motive, diversity oriented synthesis of 1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-ol analogues was envisaged. The multi component Ugi reaction synthesized library of electronically diverse analogues was explored for cytotoxic propensity towards a panel of human cancer cell lines at 10 μM. The lead compounds exhibit a selective cytotoxicity towards HL-60 cells as compared to cell lines derived from solid tumors. Besides, their milder cytotoxic effect on non-cancerous cell lines reaffirm their selective action towards cancer cells only.The lead molecules were tested for their ability to target caspase-3, as a vital protease triggering apoptosis. The lead compounds were observed to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells around 10 μM concentration. The lead compounds exhibited various non-covalent supra type interactions with caspase-3 key residues around the active site. The binding ability of lead compounds with caspase-3 was studied via molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. MD simulations indicated the stability of compound-caspase-3 complex throughout the 50 ns simulation run. The stability and bio-availability of the lead compounds under physiological conditions was assessed by their interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as model protein. BSA interactions of lead compounds were studied by various bio-physical methods and further substantiated with in silico MD simulations.
Genetic Variability in Slovenian Cohort of Patients with Oculocutaneous Albinism
Authors: Hovnik Tinka , Debeljak Maruša , Tekavčič Pompe Manca , Bertok Sara , Battelino Tadej , Stirn Kranjc Branka , Trebušak Podkrajšek Katarina
Published: September 2021

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an inherited disorder affecting the visual system and skin pigmentation. Our aim was to evaluate genetic and clinical heterogeneity in a cohort of Slovenian paediatric patients with clinically suspected OCA using advanced molecular-genetics approach. In as much as 20 out of 25 patients, genetic variants explaining their clinical phenotype were identified. The great majority of patients (15/25) had genetic variants in TYR gene associated with OCA type 1, followed by variants in TYRP1, SLC45A2 and HPS1 genes causative for OCA3, OCA4 and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1, respectively. We concluded that OCA phenotype could not predict genotype and vice versa. Nevertheless, the diagnostic yield after targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) was 80% and proved to be affective in our paediatric cohort of patients with various degree of OCA. Even in 16 patients with normal complexion the diagnostic yield was 62,5%. Interestingly, we have identified a patient of white European ancestry with OCA3, which is an extremely rare report, and one patient with OCA due to the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1.
Anion Induced Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Zinc(II) Complexes Derived from 5-Bromo-2-((2-(diethylamino)ethylimino)methyl) phenol
Authors: Liu Huan-Yu , Gan Xiang , Ding Jin-Yan , Li Zhi-Tao , Chen Qiao
Published: September 2021

By changing the anions of zinc salts, three different zinc(II) complexes, [Zn2(HL)2(NCS)4]·2CH3OH (1), [Zn2L(μ2-η1:η1-CH3COO)2(NCS)] (2) and [Zn(HL)I2]·CH3OH (3), where L = 5-bromo-2-((2-(diethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenolate, HL = 5-bromo-2-((2-(diethylammonio)ethylimino)methyl)phenolate, have been synthesized and characterized by IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis indicates that the Zn atoms in the complexes are in trigonal bipyramidal, square pyramidal and tetrahedral coordination. The anions of the zinc salts lead to the formation of different structures of the complexes. Antibacterial activity of the complexes against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsielle pneumoniae and Candida albicans strains was studied.
Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structures of Zinc(II) and Cobalt(III) Complexes Derived from Tridentate NNO- and NON- Schiff Bases with Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Qian Heng-Yu
Published: September 2021

Two new polynuclear zinc complexes [Zn2Br2(L1)2] (1) and [Zn(μ1,5-dca)L2]n (2), and two new mononuclear cobalt(III) complexes [CoL1N3(Brsal)] (3) and [CoL2(HL2)] (4), where L1 = 5-bromo-2-(((2-dimethylamino)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenolate, L2 = 5-bromo-2-(((2-hydroxyethyl)imino)methyl)phenolate, dca = dicyanoamide, Brsal = 5-bromo-2-formylphenolate, have been synthesized and characterized. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UVVis spectra, molar conductivity, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis indicates that the Zn atoms in complex 1 are in distorted square pyramidal coordination, the Zn atoms in complex 2 are in distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination, and the Co atoms in complexes 3 and 4 are in octahedral coordination. The molecules of the complexes are stacked through π···π interactions and hydrogen bonds. The complexes were assayed for antibacterial activities against three Gram-positive bacterial strains (B. subtilis, S. aureus, and St. faecalis) and three Gram-negative bacterial strains (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and E. cloacae) by MTT method.
Acute Toxicity of Insecticide Thiamethoxam to Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus): Alterations in Oxidative Stress Markers, ATPases and Cholinesterase
Authors: Uçkun Miraç , Yoloğlu Ertan , Uçkun Aysel Alkan , Öz Özden Barım
Published: September 2021

Thiamethoxam (Thmx) is a globally used neonicotinoid pesticide contaminated in freshwater ecosystems with residues detected in fishery products. Astacus leptodactylus is a popular freshwater crustacean that is cultivated and exported in many countries. In this study, we investigated the acute toxic effects of Thmx on A. leptodactylus using various biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and adenosinetriphosphatases). The 96-h LC50 value of Thmx was calculated as 8.95 mg active ingredient L–1. As the dose of Thmx increased, oxidative stress was induced by the inhibition/activation of antioxidant enzymes, while the activities of acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase and adenosinetriphosphatases were inhibited. As a result, it can be said that Thmx has highly toxic effects on crayfish, therefore they are under threat in the areas where this pesticide is used.
Understanding of Symmetry: Measuring the Contribution of Virtual and Concrete Models for Students with Different Spatial Abilities
Authors: Thayban Thayban , Habiddin Habiddin , Utomo Yudhi , Muarifin Muarifin
Published: September 2021

Virtual and concrete models have been of interest in chemistry teaching to improve students’ understanding of a three-dimensional representation of chemical concepts such as symmetry. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using concrete and virtual models on students’ understanding of symmetry. Students’ understanding was also explored in light of their spatial ability. The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with 62 students as participants. Two different instruments, spatial ability and understanding of symmetry tests, were employed for data collection. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson product-moment correlation and two-way variance analysis test. The results showed the virtual model’s contribution to improving students’ understanding of symmetry is higher than that of the concrete model for both students with high spatial ability (HSA) and low spatial ability (LSA). Also, the better students’ spatial ability, the better their understanding of molecular symmetry.
A Novel Tetranuclear Silver Compound with bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetate: a Simple Synthesis Yielding Complex Crystal Structure
Authors: Počkaj Marta , Kitanovski Nives
Published: September 2021

A novel tetranuclear silver coordination compound with the formula [Ag4(bdmpza)4]·10H2O (bdmpza = bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetate) was synthesized by a reaction between an aqueous solution of silver nitrate and an aqueous solution prepared by bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid and potassium hydroxide (1:1 molar ratio). The obtained compound was characterized by elemental analysis, coupled thermogravimetric–mass spectrometry analysis, vibrational IR spectroscopy, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Furthermore, the obtained crystal structure was additionally evaluated by Hirshfeld surface analysis.
Estimate of fractal dimension of rat tissues submitted to experimental protocols v2
Authors: Cao MD, PhD Gabriel , Ottaviano Graciela
Published: September 2021

Those who are dedicated to the analysis of structural changes in tissues have tried, over time, to seek increasingly "more rigorous" methods to be able to detach themselves from the merely observational and subjective. That is, leaving aside the semi-quantitative scores based on scores that are given to the lesion in a tissue according to its degree of severity. The argument is that the final injury score will depend more on the subjectivity and experience of the observer. With the advent of digital images and programs for their analysis, the application of numerical methods for estimating changes in tissues was greatly facilitated. With them we do not completely suppress the observational, but, to a large extent and if we are rigorous, we can significantly reduce its influence. Thus, in two-dimensional images, we can make direct measurements such as the diameter and length of a gland, its surface, etc., always in previously calibrated systems. We can also estimate the dimensions of structures that are part of a tissue and the spatial relationships between them based on a two-dimensional image. In this case we will use stereology, which uses simple mathematical formulas, but is very time consuming for analysis. Now, structuralists have realized that the normal components of a tissue or a cell maintain certain spatial relationships and proportionality to each other, which also defines their shapes and textures (complexity), constituting the characteristic histological images of a kidney, liver, uterus, etc. Both the pathology and the functional adaptations alter these normal relationships, which wanted to be estimated through the application of the fractal dimension. The justification is that, when faced with a certain insult or stimulus, the tissue or organ responds “in toto”, not one part yes and another no. The single measurement of diameters, surfaces, etc., while complementary, was always thought to be incomplete because we were missing those changes in the relationships between tissue components or from one cell to another, which provide important additional information.
Philosophical and Legal Club "Moral Dimension of Law" as a Significant Element of the Law University Charisma and a Factor in Improving the Quality of Training Professionals
Authors: Artemov V. M.
Published: September 2021

Based on the activities of the philosophical and legal club "Moral Dimension of Law," the author attempts to comprehend the reasons for the long-term charisma of this open, self-governing academic and educational organization operating on the basis of the university department of philosophy and sociology. The paper substantiates the idea that it is the ethical character, the corresponding motivated and consistent efforts in the direction of improving morality in law that determine the stable interest on the part of students (and not only students). Behind this lies the socio-cultural need for the reproduction and cultivation of spiritual bonds. At the moment of the unity of the objective (true values) and the subjective (freedom at the personal level), a spark of living creativity appears, which cannot be evoked somehow artificially and edifyingly. Persistent demonstration of the mission of restoring justice also attracts due to its opposition to the evil. It is also important to understand the importance of constant moral and philosophical examination of problems and situations, which is directly related to improving the quality of training professionals.
An Alternative View of the Legal Regulation of Civil Law Relations in the Digital Economy
Authors: Efimova L. G.
Published: September 2021

The paper substantiates the author’s proposal to amend the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which is explained by the gradual creation of a digital economy in the Russian Federation. In particular, the author has examined and solved the following problems of the legal regulation of civil law relations in the context of digitalization: the problem of identifying the object of digital rights, the problem of legal qualification of the electronic form of the transaction, the problem of using a smart contract in civil transactions, the problem of using blockchain technology to create mixed payment systems. The paper proposes a non-standard solution to each of these problems—the author has prepared a draft federal law "On Amendments to Parts One and Two of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in terms of legal relations arising in cyberspace." In particular, the author proposes to define digital rights as the absolute and relative rights to digital property named in this capacity, the content and conditions of implementation of which are determined by the law and the rules of the information system (protocol) that meets the characteristics established by the law. In the author’s opinion, an electronic document can exist in the form of a machine information file of any format or a computer program that meets the characteristics of an electronic document.
The Concept of Sustainable Development in accordance with Forestry Legislation
Authors: Bykovskiy V. K.
Published: September 2021

Forest legislation plays a significant role in ensuring sustainable development, since the forest area occupies more than half of the country’s territory. Despite the constant improvement of forestry legislation, the number of problems in the forestry sector does not decrease. Thus, it is not possible to reduce the number of forest fires that occur annually, or the area of forests that die from harmful microorganisms. The paper presents the factors that led to the emergence of systemic problems in the development of the forestry complex, regulation and management in the field of forestry and related relations. The general concept of sustainable development is interpreted ambiguously in regulations and literature. By the early 1990s the number of definitions of sustainable development began to reach several dozen, and since then has increased even more. The paper attempts to develop the author’s concept of sustainable development in forestry legislation, analyzes the latest regulatory legal acts, identifies directions for ensuring sustainable development by forestry legislation, and draws conclusions on the research topic.
The Legal Regime of a Hydraulic Structure as an Element of a Water Management System
Authors: Amashukeli S. A.
Published: September 2021

The paper discusses certain issues related to the legal regulation of relations arising in the creation and operation of hydraulic structures as an element of water management systems. The relevance of the topic raised is due to the significant impact on the water body of any hydraulic structure created for the use of water resources. The paper shows the legal nature of the relationship between a hydraulic structure and a water body and the ways of reflecting this relationship in the rules of law governing relations on the use and protection of waters; the legal regime for the protection of hydraulic structures from the negative consequences of improper operation is studied. Based on an analysis of the current Russian legislation, the author concludes that there is a differentiated approach to the legal regulation of the relations in question. The provisions of water legislation and legislation on environmental protection are applied to a hydraulic structure as part of a water management system that affects a water body. To a technically complex object, the improper operation of which potentially poses a threat to human life, different provisions are applied, namely the provisions of legislation and a number of regulatory and technical safety acts.
Analisis Kinerja Guru Profesional dalam Penerapan Pembelajaran Daring di SD
Authors: Budiastri Ratna , Ahdhianto Erif , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to obtain information about professional teachers' performance in the application of online learning regarding 3 aspects: planning, implementation, and evaluation. This research used a descriptive quantitative research approach. The sample in this research was 56 professional teachers, in State Elementary Schools throughout Pagelaran District, Malang Regency. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis. The results of this research indicate that: (1) online learning planning obtained a percentage of 78.96 percent belonging to the medium category; (2) the implementation of online learning obtained a percentage of 81.46 percent belonging to the high category; (3) evaluation of online learning obtained a percentage of 79.13 percent belonging to the medium category. The overall results obtained a percentage of 80.06 percent which indicated that the performance of professional teachers in the application of online learning in State Elementary Schools throughout the Pagelaran District of Malang Regency is in the medium categories.

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi kinerja guru profesional dalam penerapan pembelajaran daring mengenai 3 aspek yakni: merencanakan pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran, dan mengevaluasi pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 56 guru profesional, di SD Negeri Se-Kecamatan Pagelaran Kabupaten Malang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) merencanakan pembelajaran daring diperoleh persentase sebesar 78,96 persen tergolong kategori sedang; (2) melaksanakan pembelajaran daring diperoleh persentase sebesar 81,46 persen tergolong kategori tinggi; (3) mengevaluasi pembelajaran daring diperoleh persentase sebesar 79,13 persen tergolong kategori sedang. Hasil keseluruhan diperoleh persentase sebesar 80,06 persen yang menunjukkan kinerja guru profesional dalam penerapan pembelajaran daring di SD Negeri Se-Kecamatan Pagelaran Kabupaten Malang tergolong kategori sedang.
La Conciliación extrajudicial ante las instancias notariales en Cartagena de Indias - Colombia
Authors: PASOS SIMANCAS EDGARDO SERAFIN , REYES ALVARADO SEBASTIÁN , ARIAS ARAGONÉS FRANCISCO JOSÉ
Published: September 2021

This research article shows the dynamics of extrajudicial conciliation, before the notary bodies of the city of Cartagena de Indias, during the years 2014-2018. The objective of this work is to improve understanding of the use of this alternative conflict resolution mechanism, in terms of its advantages, disadvantages, barriers, opportunities and limitations. Considering, the company's preference for "agreement or dispute", as the case may be. To do this, the historical-deductive method was used and information capture tools were applied to officials responsible for providing such a service to the community. The results found show a low use of conciliation before the notary bodies of Cartagena, measured in terms of the number of cases and hearings carried out, with the prevailing cases in the field of civil law. It is noted that 88.88% of the conciliation hearings led to an agreement between the parties. It is concluded that the extrajudicial conciliation, before notary bodies in the city of Cartagena, represents a great opportunity to resolve disputes in a friendly and peaceful manner, adjudating the decongestion of the judicial apparatus. However, the use of this mechanism remains very low, for different reasons, which could be in the same culture of society and in the barriers facing this mechanism.
Productividad e igualdad de género en redes de colaboración cientifica
Authors: Caicedo Ortiz Hernando Efrain , Santiago Cortés Elizabeth , Parra Álvarez Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2021

This is a study based on the theory of Social Network Analysis that characterizes the productivity and gender equality of the researchers who are members of the scientific collaboration network of a Colombian Higher Education Institution (IES), during the period from 2014 to 2018. The developed methodology provides a powerful tool to diagnose the research and scientific collaboration capacities of any institution of higher education, with an inclusive perspective and gender studies.
Anticipación estratégica como herramienta en la toma de decisiones para las Pymes: Lecciones de una Pandemia
Authors: Del Rio Cortina Jorge
Published: September 2021

The global pandemic caused by Covid-19 has raised several questions and challenges for the business environment, including: How can an economy sustain its speed and prosper in the midst of confinement? How can strategic marketing respond to these changes? And finally, what knowledge do top management teams require to make decisions in the midst of highly vulnerable scenarios? All of the above has meant that, when necessary (as in this new business environment), organizations that question their own business models, rely on agile transformation processes and understand that technology and digitization serve global transformation, are those that thrive. While the pandemic is not yet over, some lessons have been learned regarding how the business environment can respond to unstable scenarios, specifically highlighting the role of strategic anticipation as a decision-making tool for SMEs. In the era of unstable environments organizations must improve their vision, thinking about the situation from a holistic perspective (seeing the forest instead of a tree) and of course seeing other forests, other opportunities and other scenarios if possible, understanding that the future is a consequence of actions in the present.
Is Cognitive Linguistics deadly sinful? On the pros and cons of Cognitive Linguistics and its development
Authors: Gan Lin
Published: September 2021

Cognitive Linguistics started from the 1980s, and it has become a mainstream since the end of the last century and the beginning of this century, which has got widespread attention, with a nickname as the third revolution in linguistic circles after the Saussurean Revolution and the Chomskyean Revolution. According to the dialectical principle of “negation of negation”, theoretical research is always advancing, thus the linguists are beginning to think of the shortcomings of Cognitive Linguistics and new developments in the future. For instance, Dabrowska (2016) pointed out the seven deadly sins of Cognitive Linguistics, which, we think, are overstated and too radical. Cognitive Linguistics has its own historical significance and makes great contributions to the criticism of Saussurean “Linguistic Apriorism” and Chomskyean “Linguistic Nativism”, but Cognitive Linguistics also has its own weaknesses, which are to be exposed in brief in this paper. We have also tried to propose “Embodied-Cognitive Linguistics as a revision in order to emphasize the philosophical views of “materialism” and “humanism” as a basic start in linguistic research.
A study on machine translation of resultative constructions
Authors: Pan Xiaoxia
Published: September 2021

Based on an empirical investigation on data collected from four popular machine translation systems, this paper explores the current problems machine translation is confronted with in translating Chinese resultative constructions into English. The paper analyzes their syntactic and semantic differences in construction and in verbal pattern. The paper then further elaborates on the problems and reveals a truth that Chinese resultative construction poses a great challenge to machine translation for being very productive and flexible. Its productivity is credited to the fact that the main verbs in Chinese are mostly implied-fulfillment verbs. Its flexibility could be attributed to the hypothesis that there are fewer constraints on the co-occurrence of the main verb and the resultative in Chinese resultative construction. Finally, possible solutions are proposed in an attempt to solve the problems.
A ortografia e os níveis de escrita: o erro em textos de sujeitos escolarizados
Authors: Nascimento Juscelino Francisco do , Henz Rossana Ramos
Published: September 2021

Este artigo discute as relações entre os erros de grafia e os níveis de escrita com base na teoria da psicogênese da escrita e na análise de textos produzidos por crianças, jovens e adultos alfabetizados. A partir da ideia de que o processo de alfabetização é evolutivo e que, se não desenvolvido adequadamente para o nível alfabético ortográfico, resultará no fato de que os indivíduos, ainda que alfabetizados, cometerão incorreções na escrita de palavras, por exemplo, nos casos de homofonia interna, ou seja, fonemas idênticos marcados por diferentes grafemas; troca de fonemas surdos por sonoros; hiper e hipossegmentação; marcas de oralidade na escrita de palavras conforme a variante local; entre outras. Nosso objetivo é, portanto, demonstrar que os erros de grafia cometidos por sujeitos alfabetizados advêm de uma espécie de estagnação que ocorre no desenvolvimento da competência escrita para o nível ortográfico. As análises recaem sobre textos de adultos alfabetizados que apresentam erros de grafia, evidenciando um nível alfabético, porém não ortográfico.
Perfect universal no português do Brasil: restrições sintático-semânticas para o uso de morfologias verbais
Authors: Martins Adriana Leitão , Rodrigues Nayana Pires da Silva , Abreu Gabriela
Published: September 2021

O aspecto perfect universal (PU) associado ao presente refere-se a eventos que começaram no passado e persistem até o presente (MCCAWLEY, 1981). Tal aspecto, segundo Jesus et al. (2017), pode ser veiculado no português do Brasil (PB) por meio de presente simples (PS), perífrases progressivas (PROG) e passado composto (PC). O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar restrições sintático-semânticas para o uso dessas morfologias verbais na veiculação do PU no PB. As hipóteses testadas foram: (i) o PS só veicula esse aspecto quando associado a advérbios/expressões adverbiais veiculadores de PU foneticamente realizados, (ii) as perífrases PROG não se associam a verbos de estado e (iii) o PC só veicula leitura de iteratividade. A metodologia consistiu em análise de fala espontânea e aplicação de teste de preenchimento de lacuna a falantes do PB. Pelos resultados, refutaram-se as hipóteses e discutiu-se que haja outras restrições para o uso das morfologias verbais na veiculação desse aspecto.
A polissemia do prefixo “des-” em substantivos de ação com base em “-ção” e “-mento”
Authors: Pereira Carlos Gustavo Camillo
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho investiga as acepções do prefixo “des” em substantivos de ação no Português Brasileiro por meio de uma abordagem da língua em uso e focaliza a importância do contexto para o reconhecimento do sentido que está sendo ativado pelo afixo. Inicialmente, são apresentadas as principais contribuições da Tradição Gramatical Normativa e da Teoria da Linguística Gerativa para a análise do referido prefixo. O corpus utilizado nesta pesquisa foi constituído a partir do mega-corpus eletrônico NILC da Universidade de São Paulo do campus de São Carlos. Os resultados da análise de dados revelam que a acepção do afixo “des-” na língua em uso é altamente influenciada pelo contexto, de maneira que é possível uma mesma palavra possuir sentidos diferentes, conforme esteja em diferentes situações de uso.
Colaboradores deste número
Authors: Cavaliere Ricardo
Published: September 2021

Minicurrículo dos autores que colaboraram com esta edição.
Identifying and Criticizing the View of "Sum of Sayings" in Tafsīr-i Nimūneh (Case Study: Juz' 20 to 30)
Authors: Karami Asfah Shams al-Huda , Hadavi Asghar
Published: September 2021

The sum of sayings includes gathering the opinions of other commentators on a subject that is very common in some interpretations, including Tafsīr-i Nimūneh. A phenomenon that has been repeatedly addressed throughout the development of Tafsīr-i Nimūneh. The purpose of this study is to study some verses of Tafsīr-i Nimūneh that bring the sayings and opinions of other commentators and has accepted all or some of them and considers the sum of them as unobstructed and then critique some of these verses based on three criteria of examining the concept of verse, the narrative examination and the lexical examination. Therefore, this research, with a descriptive-analytical method by studying documents, seeks to answer the question of how to identify and critique the view of "sum of sayings" in Tafsīr-i Nimūneh? The findings of the research indicated that 120 of the verses in this range had the acceptance of the sum of sayings, which by examining 81 of them with the studied interpretations, it was concluded that few of the verses were interpreted in other interpretations by the acceptance of sum of sayings. Although the sum of sayings can be seen in many verses, but different sayings have not been gathered here. Then, the aspects of the sum of the sayings were criticized in the three mentioned characteristics in a number of verses. The result was the justification of the sum of the sayings in some cases and the lack of justification in others.
The Analysis of Teacher’s Needs toward Science Learning for Elementary Students with Mild Mental Retardation
Authors: Wiryanto Tri , Sunardi Sunardi , Yuwono Joko
Published: September 2021

Learning media is one of the important things in the child's learning process. The purpose of this study is to determine the teacher's needs of learning media for children with special needs with mild mental retardation in science learning. This research technique uses a qualitative descriptive research method by conducting a needs analysis. The research subject is a teacher at a special school who teaches mild mental retardation. The results showed that the used learning media were not varied. Based on the explanation above, the development of media really needs to be conducted by the teacher. The conclusion of this study found that the learning media used by teachers in science learning still needs to be developed.
Authority of Prosecutor as the Executor of Judge’s Decision Stating That the Evidence Is Confiscated for the State; Criminal Act in the Excise Field
Authors: Patricia Corinna , Yoserwan Yoserwan , Rias A Irzal
Published: September 2021

The objectives of the current study are: 1) to identify and analyze the authority of prosecutor as the executor of judge’s decision on the spoils resulting from criminal act of excise, 2) to find out and analyze the arrangements regarding the coordination of the prosecutor as the executor with the Director of Enforcement and Investigation/ Head of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise related to the execution of the judge’s decision stating that the evidence is confiscated for the state in criminal act in the excise field. This study applies a qualitative approach and uses secondary and primary data as support. The results of the study show that: (1) the executive authority of the prosecutor to carry out court decisions that have permanent legal force in criminal cases is regulated in Articles 270 to 276 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The provisions of Article 270 of the Criminal Procedure Code are in line with the provisions described in Article 54 paragraph (1) of Law No. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Powers that the implementation of court decisions in criminal cases is carried out by prosecutor. Then, the implementation of court decisions in cases of criminal acts in the excise field still refers to the Criminal Procedure Code because the Excise Law does not specifically determine the party authorized to carry out the execution of state booty in excise crimes, (2) the execution of judge’s decision stating evidence confiscated for the state in a criminal act in the excise field does not include regulations regarding the coordination of the prosecutor as executor with the Director of Enforcement/Head of Regional Office of the Directorate of Customs and Excise Enforcement and Investigation.
The Aspects of Policy Determination in the Formation of Autonomous Regions in Indonesia
Authors: Prantama Muhammad Barqah
Published: September 2021

This article examines the aspects that are determined in the formation of autonomous regions in Indonesia. As a country that adheres to the principle of decentralization, the policy of establishing an autonomous region is important and urgent in the context of the welfare of the people. The research method used in this article uses a literature search study. The results of the research are aspects used in the formation of autonomous regions are population criteria, economic capability criteria, regional potential criteria, financial capability criteria, socio-cultural criteria, socio-political criteria, area, defense and security, community welfare level, and span of control.
Criminal Liability for other Behavior by Looking at Vote in Courts
Authors: Karimi Fatemeh , Ardebili Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2021

Despite the fact that crime and punishment are personal, in answer to the question of whether other persons besides the perpetrators of the crime are responsible? According to the circumstances, a positive answer can be given. Over time, with the qualitative growth of laws, Vicarious liability was formed. Until 2013, the criminal liability of legal entities existed exceptionally in scattered laws. Legal doctrine has proposed different theories in this regard, which in general can be divided into two categories: "Fault doctrine" and " Risk doctrine ". Iranian law, according to the votes of the courts before and after the Islamic Revolution, is more inclined to the first theory; At the same time, in a few votes, the opposite opinion can be seen. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of the principle of criminal liability due to other behavior in Iranian law which is obtained based on the method of describing and analyzing legal materials and judicial opinions.
The Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on the Expression of Apoptotic Genes in Breast Cancerous Cells
Authors: Ahmadirad Hadis , Shariat Mahdi , Mahmoodi Mahdi , Falahatipour Soudeh , Hajizadeh Mohammad Reza , Mirzaei Mohammad Reza , Ahmadinia Hassan
Published: September 2021

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most malignant cancers in the world. Cold micro plasma jet (CMPJ) Known as cold atmospheric jet microplasma, it has recently been introduced as an alternative way to overcome the challenges of finding an effective cancer treatment. Numerous studies have reported promising results, so our aim of this study was to investigate how this method affects cell death and its role on the expression of apoptotic genes in the MCF-7 cancer cell line.
Methods: In this study, helium gas was used to generate plasma at room temperature in the form of point radiation at different times of 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds and at different distances of 1 cm. Flow cytometry will be used to examine the extent of apoptosis and necrosis. Genes involved in apoptosis P53, P21, Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by real-time PCR.
Results: Our Studie indicate that the mechanism of action of cold plasma on cancer cells is related to generation of reactive oxygen species with possible induction of the apoptosis pathway. The percentages of necrotic and late apoptotic cells following treatment with different times plasma (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 s) were about 0.55 ± 0.06, 20.13 ± 0.01, 20.12 ± 0.03, 26.81 ± 0.04 and 17.51 ± 0.05. The mRNA expression of bcl-2 showed a decrease of 90s of plasma while the mRNA expression of p53, bax and caspase-8 genes increased compared to untreated cells.
Conclusion: In general, research in the last decade has confirmed the ability of CMPJ as an effective anti-cancer tool. Therefore, it may be used to help treat cancer. However, its clinical application requires much further studies to determine the severity and duration of exposure to CMPJ for effective treatment based on the type of cancer.