bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of MPPT Controllers for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Array System
Authors: Ebrahim M. A. , AbdelHadi H. A. , Mahmoud H. M. , Saied E. M. , Salama M. M.
Published: October 2016

Integrating photovoltaic (PV) plants into electric power system exhibits challenges to power system dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily from the natural characteristics of PV plants, which differ in some respects from the conventional plants. The most significant challenge is how to extract and regulate the maximum power from the sun. This paper presents the optimal design for the most commonly used Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle Swarm Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques are, (1) the incremental conductance, (2) perturb and observe, (3) fractional short circuit current and (4) fractional open circuit voltage techniques. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative study with the energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels. The simulation results proved that the proposed controllers have an impressive tracking response. The system dynamic performance improved greatly using the proposed controllers.
Eh at work: The indexicality of a New Zealand English pragmatic marker
Authors: Vine Bernadette , Marsden Sharon
Published: October 2016

First and second wave sociolinguistic studies of
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and low-density lipoprotein subfractions after a 2-year treatment with atorvastatin in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Krebs Andreas , Doerfer Juergen , Krause Alexandra , Grulich-Henn Juergen , Holder Martin , Hecker Wolfgang , Lichte Kai , Schmidt-Trucksaess Arno , Winkler Karl , Schwab Karl Otfried
Published: October 2016

Background:

The objective of the study was to assess the effect of atorvastatin on inflammation markers and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions.

Methods:

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind pilot study involving 28 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A

Results:

For the atorvastatin group, we found posttreatment reductions of Lp-PLA2 activity (p<0.001), LDL cholesterol (p=0.001), non-small dense LDL cholesterol (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p<0.001), and apolipoprotein B (apo B) (p<0.001), whereas small dense LDL cholesterol and hsCRP did not change significantly.

Conclusions:

In adolescents with T1D, long-term treatment with atorvastatin is safe and may reduce cardiovascular risk by significant decreases of Lp-PLA2 activity and LDL cholesterol.
Herbert A. Strauss’s Über dem Abgrund Inquiries into the History, Narratology, and Poetics of a Jewish Historian’s Autobiography
Authors: Bronn Vera
Published: October 2016

This article discusses Herbert A. Strauss’s
Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)
Authors: Rubin Gil
Published: October 2016

This commentary serves as an introduction to Salo Baron’s obituary of Hannah Arendt and surveys the relationship between the two. Despite their significantly different backgrounds and public image, Arendt and Baron shared a close personal and professional relationship that began in the early 1940s and lasted throughout Arendt’s life. Baron and Arendt played leading roles in the project of salvaging Jewish culture from Europe during and in the aftermath of World War II. Their work for Jewish cultural reconstruction was based on a shared outlook on the ‘Jewish Question’. Both Arendt and Baron were deeply alarmed by the dangers ethnic nationalism in Europe posed for the Jews and promoted political programs that sought to overcome the nation-state in Europe, Palestine and the United States.
Josef Horovitz und die Gründung des Instituts für Arabische und Islamische Studien an der Hebräischen Universität in Jerusalem: ein Orientalisches Seminar für Palästina
Authors: Mangold-Will Sabine
Published: October 2016

Thema des folgenden Artikels ist die Einrichtung des Instituts für Arabische und Islamische Studien an der Hebräischen Universität im Kontext der zionistischen Auseinandersetzung mit der „arabischen Frage“ und binationalen Nationsvorstellungen. Er versteht sich zugleich als Beitrag zur Geschichte der Verflechtung zwischen deutscher Orientwissenschaft und den „Oriental Studies“ im Yishuv während des britischen Mandates über Palästina. Mittelpunkt der Darstellung bildet das Gründungsmemorandum, das der Frankfurter Professor für Semitische Philologie Josef Horovitz 1925 vorlegte. Anhand dieses Dokuments soll dem Wirken und der Wirkungslosigkeit des ersten Direktors der Jerusalemer „School of Oriental Studies“ nachgegangen werden. Sein Bemühen, aus dem orientalistischen Institut der Hebräischen Universität einen Ort der wissenschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit zwischen Juden und Arabern zu machen, war – so die These – eine überlegte politische Handlung, die sich ebenso aus der Tradition des deutschen Bildungsideals wie aus seinen Erfahrungen als Jude in Deutschland und als Hochschullehrer im muslimisch dominierten Teil Britisch-Indiens vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg ergab.
Islam in Zion? Yosef Yo’el Rivlin’s Translation of the Qur’an and Its Place Within the New Hebrew Culture
Authors: Harif Hanan
Published: October 2016

This article addresses the Hebrew translation of the
“Going together without coming together”: “Die Kreatur” (1926–1929) and Why We Should Read German Jewish Journals Differently
Authors: Weidner Daniel
Published: October 2016

Between 1926 and 1929, Martin Buber, Victor von Weizsäcker, and Joseph Wittig edited the journal
How Can Eurobonds Be Legally Implemented into European Law?
Authors: Kämmerer Jörn Axel
Published: October 2016

This contribution examines to what extent and under what conditions the various proposals for Eurobonds may be considered to be in accordance with European law (especially Art. 125 TFEU) and the national (constitutional) law of the Member States. It finds that their admissibility primarily depends on the degree to which these proposals would be able to curb debtor moral hazard, which in turn depends on the liability regime chosen: joint and several or pro rata liability. We conclude that most types of Eurobonds would require a Treaty amendment, whose political feasibility is questionable.
Consumption and climate change: Why we say one thing but do another in the face of our greatest threat
Authors: Beattie Geoffrey , McGuire Laura
Published: October 2016

There is clear evidence that human beings have contributed to climate change through their patterns of consumption, and, it could be argued that, since we are part of the problem then we must be part of the solution. The apparently good news is that people report that they have very positive attitudes to environmentally-friendly products and they also consistently say that they are prepared to adapt their behavior to ameliorate the effects of climate change. However, numerous studies have found little behavior change on the part of consumers. This study investigates this critical issue experimentally. It does this by exploring whether self-reported attitudes to low carbon products, or alternatively implicit attitudes to such products (measured using an associative task and not requiring self-report), predict consumer choice of products varying on a range of dimensions including environmental consequences, in an experimental context where time for selection was also systematically varied. We found firstly, in line with previous research, that human beings have explicit and implicit attitudes that are not correlated. Secondly, in terms of brand choice, we found that consumers are particularly sensitive to both brand information and value in their selection of products, particularly under time pressure. Organic/eco brands are, however, much less favoured, especially under any time pressure, where processes that are more automatic prevail. Thirdly, color-coded carbon footprint information can influence choice even under time pressure but only for those consumers with a strong positive implicit attitude to carbon footprint. The conclusions from this research are that humans beings may well have a “divided self” when it comes to the environment and climate change, and this underlying “dissociation” in attitude (implicit versus explicit) might be critical to their behavior as consumers. This concept of the“divided self” may help us understand why relatively little has changed thus far with regard to more sustainable consumption, but might open up new lines of enquiry about how we might attempt to promote more sustainable consumption in the future.
Nonlinear System Modeling based on System Equilibrium Manifold
Authors: Liu X. F. , Zhang D. X. , Xue N. Y.
Published: October 2016

The main objective of the present paper is to provide an approximate method for nonlinear system with a family of equilibrium points (EPs). By investigating the system’s equilibrium manifold (EM) and its expansion form, a class of nonlinear system is modeled analytically. The property of the EM expansion form and the effect of mapping design and parameterizing method to the model have been discussed. Then an approximate nonlinear model for aircraft engine was applied, followed by an identification procedure for aircraft engine. It is shown that the modeling method based on system’s EM can not only comply with the system physical characteristics, but also satisfy the accuracy of modeling requirement. Numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the good precision in capturing the nonlinear behavior of nonlinearities and a simpler structure.
Crystallographic computing system Jana2006: solution and refinement of twinned structures
Authors: Petříček Václav , Dušek Michal , Plášil Jakub
Published: October 2016

Twinning is a phenomenon complicating structure analysis of single crystals of standard as well as modulated structures. Jana2006 as a software for advanced structure analysis contains tools for recognition and refinement of twins including most complicated cases of modulated and magnetic structures. In order to efficiently use the tools of Jana2006 related to twinning, we explain the basic terminology and the underlying theory, especially the symmetry of the diffraction patterns affected by twinning. We present typical diffraction patterns of twins and show how twinning can be recognized or detected by various tools and described with twinning matrices. Data processing of twins and ways of how they can be imported to Jana2006 are also discussed. Two examples demonstrate the solution of typical twins: twinning by metric merohedry and twinning by reticular merohedry, followed by the third example demonstrating twinning in a commensurately modulated structure. The relationship between the dimensionality of the structure and twinning is discussed, too.
Association of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Ennazk Laila , Mghari Ghizlane El , Ansari Nawal El
Published: October 2016

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a new nosological entity in which a lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine pancreas is involved. The concomitant onset of autoimmune pancreatitis and type 1 diabetes has been recently described suggesting a unique immune disturbance that compromises the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions. We report a case of type1 diabetes onset associated with an autoimmune pancreatitis in a young patient who seemed to present a type 2 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. This rare association offers the opportunity to better understand pancreatic autoimmune disorders in type 1 diabetes.

Learning points:

The case makes it possible to understand the possibility of a simultaneous disturbance of the endocrine and exocrine function of the same organ by one autoimmune process.

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes should make practitioner seek other autoimmune diseases. It is recommended to screen for autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac diseases. We draw attention to consider the autoimmune origin of a pancreatitis associated to type1 diabetes.

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a novel rare entity that should be known as it is part of the IgG4-related disease spectrum.
Determinants of hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kurstjens Steef , de Baaij Jeroen H F , Bouras Hacene , Bindels René J M , Tack Cees J J , Hoenderop Joost G J
Published: October 2016

Background

Hypomagnesemia (plasma magnesium (Mg2+) concentration <0.7 mmol/L) has been described in patients with type 2 diabetes. Polypharmacy is inevitable when treating a complex disease such as type 2 diabetes and could explain disturbances in the plasma Mg2+ concentration. In this study, we aimed to establish the extent of hypomagnesemia in a cohort of type 2 diabetes patients and to identify the determinants of plasma Mg2+ levels.

Methods

Patient data and samples of 395 type 2 diabetes patients were investigated. Plasma Mg2+ concentrations were measured using a spectrophotometric assay. Using Pearson correlation analyses, variables were correlated to plasma Mg2+ levels. After excluding confounding variables, all parameters correlating (P < 0.1) with plasma Mg2+ were included in a stepwise backward regression model.

Results

The mean plasma Mg2+ concentration in this cohort was 0.74 ± 0.10 mmol/L. In total, 121 patients (30.6%) suffered from hypomagnesemia. Both plasma triglyceride (r = −0.273, P < 0.001) and actual glucose levels (r = −0.231, P < 0.001) negatively correlated with the plasma Mg2+ concentration. Patients using metformin (n = 251, 62%), proton pump inhibitors (n = 179, 45%) or β-adrenergic receptor agonists (n = 31, 8%) displayed reduced plasma Mg2+ levels. Insulin use (n = 299, 76%) positively correlated with plasma Mg2+ levels. The model predicted (R2) 20% of all variance in the plasma Mg2+ concentration.

Conclusions

Hypomagnesemia is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes patients. Plasma triglycerides and glucose levels are major determinants of the plasma Mg2+ concentration, whereas only a minor part (<10%) of hypomagnesemia can be explained by drug intake, excluding polypharmacy as a major cause for hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes.
Chemo-Genetic Interactions Between Histone Modification and the Antiproliferation Drug AICAR Are Conserved in Yeast and Humans
Authors: Albrecht Delphine , Ceschin Johanna , Dompierre Jim , Gueniot Florian , Pinson Benoît , Daignan-Fornier Bertrand
Published: October 2016

Identifying synthetic lethal interactions has emerged as a promising new therapeutic approach aimed at targeting cancer cells directly. Here, we used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a simple eukaryotic model to screen for mutations resulting in a synthetic lethality with 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) treatment. Indeed, AICAR has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines. Here, we found that loss of several histone-modifying enzymes, including Bre1 (histone H2B ubiquitination) and Set1 (histone H3 lysine 4 methylation), greatly enhanced AICAR inhibition on growth via the combined effects of both the drug and mutations on G1 cyclins. Our results point to AICAR impacting on Cln3 subcellular localization and at the Cln1 protein level, while the bre1 or set1 deletion affected CLN1 and CLN2 expression. As a consequence, AICAR and bre1/set1 deletions jointly affected all three G1 cyclins (Cln1, Cln2, and Cln3), leading to a condition known to result in synthetic lethality. Significantly, these chemo-genetic synthetic interactions were conserved in human HCT116 cells. Indeed, knock-down of RNF40, ASH2L, and KMT2D/MLL2 induced a highly significant increase in AICAR sensitivity. Given that KMT2D/MLL2 is mutated at high frequency in a variety of cancers, this synthetic lethal interaction has an interesting therapeutic potential.
Help‐Seeking among Male Employees in Japan: Influence of Workplace Climate and Distress
Authors: Maekawa Yumiko , Ramos‐Cejudo Juan , Kanai Atsuko
Published: October 2016

Objectives

Although using mental health services is an effective way to cope with work‐related stressors and diseases, many employees do not utilize these services despite service improvements in recent years. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction effects of workplace climate and distress on help‐seeking attitudes, and elucidate the reasons for mental health service underutilization in Japan.

Methods

A questionnaire was distributed to 650 full‐time male Japanese employees. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to investigate interaction effects of workplace climate and distress on help‐seeking.

Results

Results showed that the association between workplace climate and help‐seeking attitudes differed depending on employee distress level. For employees experiencing low levels of distress, openness to seeking treatment increased with a higher evaluation of the mental health services available at the workplace. However, the same did not hold true for employees experiencing high levels of distress. Instead, openness to seeking treatment decreased with perceived risk for career disadvantage for high distress employees. Additionally, negative values for seeking treatment in highly distressed employees decreased only when services were perceived as valuable, and the risk to their career was perceived as low.

Conclusions

Overall, these findings indicate that distress distorts the perception of social support, which may lead to underutilization of available services. Assessing employees’ distress levels and tailoring adequate interventions could facilitate help‐seeking in male employees.
In vitro chromosomal aberrations induced by various shapes of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
Authors: Sasaki Toshiaki , Asakura Masumi , Ishioka Chigusa , Kasai Tatsuya , Katagiri Taku , Fukushima Shoji
Published: October 2016

Objectives

IARC has classified one type of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), MWNT‐7, as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B); however, other types of MWCNT were categorized as not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). In vitro chromosomal aberration assays of MWNT‐7 showed polyploid formation but not structural abnormalities. This study investigated the influence of the shape and size of MWCNT on in vitro induction of chromosomal aberrations.

Methods

Microscopic analysis and viable cell counting were used to assay for chromosomal aberrations and cytotoxicity induced in a Chinese hamster lung cell line (CHL/IU) exposed to different MWCNTs.

Results

Using scanning electron microscopy, seven MWCNTs were classified into three types : straight fibrous, curved fibrous, and tangled. The straight fibrous MWCNTs were the strongest inducers of polyploidy and the most cytotoxic among the three types of MWCNTs. The curved fibrous MWCNTs induced more polyploidy than the tangled MWCNTs, and the cytotoxicity of both types seemed to be a reflection of their induction of polyploidy. None of the seven MWCNTs induced structural chromosomal aberrations.

Conclusion

The nonclastogenicity of the MWCNTs indicates that the MWCNTs may not interact directly with DNA. Since the straight fibrous MWCNTs, which exhibit a structure similar to asbestos, were the strongest inducers of polyploidy, MWCNT shape may be an important factor in induction of polyploidy. We hypothesize that CHL/IU cells endocytosed MWCNTs and formed endosomes with shapes corresponding to those of the endocytosed MWCNTs, and that the long axis diameter of the endosome is important in the capability of MWCNTs to induce polyploidy.
Case Report of a Severe Recurrent Tongue Self-Injury in an Infant With Dystonia
Authors: Brissaud Oliver , Thébaud Noëlie-Brunehilde , Guichoux Julie , Smirani Rawen , Villega Frédéric , Devillard Raphaël
Published: October 2016

Dystonia is characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive movements, postures, or both that are typically patterned, twisting, and sometimes tremulous. It is often initiated or worsened by voluntary action and associated with overflow muscle activation. In this article we report a case of severe oromandibular dystonia, which is a specific form of dystonia characterized by involuntary, action-induced tonic or clonic spasms of the masticatory, lingual, and pharyngeal musculature. Episodes of repeated tongue biting in a 17-month-old girl caused her to stay in the PICU for 4 weeks. These episodes were the consequence of dystonia induced by a perinatal stroke. We highlight the specific dental management that enabled us to treat the child without extractions. Facing this type of complex illness, we insist on the importance of interdisciplinary work with the goal of avoiding outdated techniques. The use of botulinum toxin seemed relevant.
Memoria, nostalgia e identidad femenina en el Laberinto de los recuerdos de Julieta Pinto
Authors: Martínez Alpízar Diana
Published: October 2016

Este artículo analiza la función de la memoria y de la nostalgia en la constitución de la identidad femenina de la narradora de la novela El laberinto de los recuerdos (2010) de Julieta Pinto. Con este fin, se estudia en particular las formas en que se evoca el pasado, el papel de la infancia y la confluencia entre pasado y presente en la novela.
Watchmen y los paradigmas novelísticos del escritor español
Authors: Sánchez Pablo
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se propone un análisis de algunas de las características literarias fundamentales de Watchmen, la novela gráfica de Alan Moore, y se plantea la función que esas características podrían cumplir como modelo para los novelistas contemporáneos, particularmente en la literatura española, que hasta la fecha no ha asimilado esa influencia. El punto de partida del estudio es que Watchmen contiene una serie de valores narrativos que son comparables con algunos de los modelos de la novela de la modernidad y que por tanto puede ocupar una posición similar en el conjunto de las posibilidades literarias de hoy.
Sobre la subjetividad femenina en Detrás del espejo de Julieta Pinto
Authors: Sanabria Carolina
Published: October 2016

Los relatos que componen la obra Detrás del espejo de Julieta Pinto construyen una muestra de la narrativa contemporánea: reflexiva, intimista, onírica, donde se pierden las certezas y todo se diluye en lo que se representa como elementos naturales (niebla, río). Es un texto abundante en referencias a la subjetividad femenina, donde se acentúan elementos que la refuerzan, como los paradigmas de personajes shakesperianos o algunos elementos de los que se rodea que al mismo tiempo contribuyen a su feminización, en una reivindicación del mismo acto de escritura.
Poemas
Authors: Chen Sham Jorge
Published: October 2016

Del poemario Conjuros del alba. Traducciones de Thomar Acker y Sharon  Heller.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON ENLARGED CELLS OF RED SEA BREAM, Pagrus major INFECTED BY THE RED SEA BREAM IRIDOVIRUS (RSIV, GENUS Megalocytivirus, FAMILY Iridoviridae)
Authors: Mahardika Ketut
Published: October 2016

Most histopathologycal studies of the red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) disease in red sea bream have been performed by studying enlarged cells as well as necrotized cells in the spleen and other organs. These enlarged cells have been named as inclusion body bearing cells (IBCs). However, few information is available about detail of ultrastructural features of IBCs produced in the target organs of RSIV-infected fish. In the present study, details of ultrastructural features of IBCs that were produced in the spleen tissue of naturally RSIV-infected red sea bream were investigated under electron microscope. Under electron microscope, RSIV-infected red sea bream had the presence of two types of IBCs: typical IBCs allowing virus assembly within viral assembly site (VAS), and atypical IBCs which degenerate organelles without virus assembly. Other infected-cells were observed as necrotized cells forming intracytoplasmic VAS with large numbers of virions, but without the formation of the distinct inclusion body. Morphogenesis steps on RSIV-infected red sea bream were observed as filamentous-filed virions, partially-filled virions and complete virions with 145-150 nm in size. These findings confirmed that RSIV-infected red sea bream were characterized by formation of typical and atypical IBCs as well as necrotized cells.
PATHOGENECITY OF GROUPER SLEEPY DISEASE IRIDOVIRUS (GSDIV: Megalocytivirus, FAMILY Iridoviridae) TO CORAL TROUT GROUPER Plectrophomus leopardus
Authors: Mahardika Ketut , Muzaki Ahmad , Suwirya Ketut
Published: October 2016

Grouper sleepy disease iridovirus (GSDIV), a member of the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae, has been known to cause large scale mortalities resulting in severe economic losses in grouper industries in south-east Asia including Indonesia. In this study, experimental infection of coral trout grouper Plectrophomus indicus with GSDIV was performed to evaluate the viral pathogenecity to this fish species. After virus exposure, the mortalities of coral trout grouper injected with primary and 10-1 dilution of spleen homogenates derived from tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus were 100% and 90%, respectively. Histopathology revealed that moribund fish receiving GSDIV inoculum displayed massive formation of enlarged cells in the spleen and hematopoitic tissues. Under electron microscopy, the enlarged cells were observed as inclusion body bearing cells (IBCs) and necrotic cells allowing virus propagation within an intracytoplasmic virus assembly site (VAS). GSDIV virions were 167-200 nm in size. These findings confirmed that GSDIV has severe pathogenicity to coral trout grouper and IBCs as well as necrotic cells were determined to be the pathognomonic sign of megalocytivirus-infected coral trout grouper.
OPTIMAL ELECTROPORATION CONDITION FOR SPERM MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER IN STRIPPED CATFISH (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Sudrajat Agus Oman , Sumantadinata Komar , Sularto Sularto
Published: October 2016

The success of transgenic fish production has been achieved through eggs fertilization using electroporated sperms carrying exogenous DNA. This study was conducted in order to obtain the optimal electroporation condition for stripped catfish sperm. A plasmid containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene driven by carp β-actin promoter was transferred into sperm using electrophoresis method towards transgenic stripped catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) production. Electroporation was carried out using square wave shock with pulse length of 30 ms and pulse interval of 0.1 sec. Treatments are combination between voltage (50 V, 75 V, and 100 V) and pulse number (1 and 3). Exogenous DNA concentration used was 10 μg/mL of Tris-EDTA. Results showed that increasing the voltage from 50 to 100 decreased sperm motility, while pulse number did not affect sperm motility. Voltage of 50 gave the best motility of sperm, although sperm viability relatively similar between treatments and control except at 100 V with 3 pulses number. Further, electroporation-treated sperms were able to fertilize eggs. Higher hatching rate of eggs was obtained in electroporation treatment at 50 V with pulse number of 1 and 3. The persistence of transferred GFP was detected in electroporated and incubated sperms (control). However, GFP was only detected in larvae from eggs that were fertilized by electroporated sperm. Thus, electroporation could be applied to produce transgenic stripped catfish.
PRODUCTION AND BIOACTIVITY POTENTIAL OF THREE RECOMBINANT GROWTH HORMONES OF FARMED FISH
Authors: Alimuddin Alimuddin , Lesmana Indra , Sudrajat Agus Oman , Carman Odang , Faizal Irvan
Published: October 2016

This study was aimed to produce recombinant growth hormone (rGH) from giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus), giant gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and compare their bioactivity potential by means of inducing the growth hormone of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as the model. DNA fragment encoding mature GH protein of giant grouper (El-mGH), giant gouramy (Og-mGH) and common carp (Cc-mGH) was amplified by PCR method. The purified PCR products were ligated to pCold-1 to generate pCold/El-mGH, pCold/OgmGH, and pCold/Cc-mGH protein expression vector, respectively. Each of the expression vectors was transformed into the Escherichia coli BL21. E. coli BL21 was cultured using 2xYT medium and protein production was induced by cold shock at 15±1oC for overnight. The inclusion bodies of E. coli transformants containing protein expression vector were isolated by sonication method, and rGH production was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Juvenile of Nile tilapia of average body weight of 12.41±3.28 g was intramuscularly injected once a week for 4 weeks with 1 μg inclusion body containing rGH per gram fish body weight. The result showed that rGH in molecular weight of about 25 kDa was obtained. Fish injected with rGH of El-mGH, Cc-mGH and Og-mGH grew 20.94%, 18.09%, and 16.99% faster, respectively, compared with the control. This result indicated that the three rGH produced in E. coli possessed biological activity when tested on Nile tilapia and further research is needed to find its effect on the growth of other aquaculture fish species.
THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN C (L-ASCORBYL MONOPHOSPHATE-Mg) ON THE DEFORMITY PERFORMANCE OF HUMPBACK GROUPER (Cromileptes altivelis) LARVAE
Authors: Sagala Sophia Lasma , Ismi Suko , Giri I Nyoman Adiasmara
Published: October 2016

This study was aimed to get a standard protocol for vitamin C application in enrichment of Artemia nauplii and to examine the impact of vitamin C on humpback grouper larval deformity performance. Vitamin C in the form of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Mg (AMP-Mg) was used for the enrichment and incorporated into Artemia nauplii at a given level of 0-1.5 g/L with enrichment period of 4, 6, and 24 hours for each level. The effect of AMP on larval deformity was tested using the following treatments: unenriched both Artemia nauplii and commercial diet, un-enriched Artemia nauplii and experimental diet containing 2.5 g AMP-Mg/kg diet, enriched Artemia nauplii obtained from the protocol and commercial larval diet. Analysis of vitamin C content in Artemia nauplii was carried out using HPLC and larval deformities were observed using staining method, visual examination, or X-ray depending on larval age. The results showed that the best enrichment method of AMP in Artemia nauplii is achieved at the dose of 0.9 g/L for 6 h. The lowest percentage of abnormalities was found in larvae fed with enriched Artemia nauplii and commercial diets, suggesting that vitamin C has an important role in controlling larval deformities.
HIGH DENSITY JUVENILE SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon) PRODUCTION WITH DIFFERENT DURATIONS OF REARING IN ACID SULFATE SOIL-AFFECTED POND
Authors: Mustafa Akhmad , Sammut Jesmond
Published: October 2016

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of producing juvenile shrimp in a reservoir pond constructed in acid sulphate soils (ASS). Many ponds constructed in ASS pose a significant economic risk due to high mortality and poor growth. In Indonesia, abandonment of ponds in ASS is widespread and alternative farming practices, such as production of juvenile shrimp, offer farms opportunities to lower their production risks. The experiment involved rearing juvenile shrimp at a high stocking density (3,000 individuals/m2) using hapas in a formerly unproductive pond located in Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The treatments tested included rearing periods of three and six weeks with four replications. A survival of 83.62% was achieved after rearing for three weeks compared to 45.44% after six weeks. Although there was a sixfold increase in the mean weight of shrimp from three to six weeks of culture, size variation after six weeks was large due to the high density of shrimp. The experiment showed that old acid sulphate soil-affected ponds, in which the bottom soil has not been excavated any further, can be used for production of juvenile shrimp in hapas. Rearing over three weeks is recommended to obtain high survival and reduce size variation.
INFLUENCE OF FEEDING TIME ON FEED UTILIZATION BY SIAMESE CATFISH, Pangasius hypophthalmus JUVENILE
Authors: Meilisza Nina , Moreau Yann , Baras Ettiene , Hirnawati Rina
Published: October 2016

Siamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) at juvenile stage is used as ornamental fish by fish hobbies because of their beautiful shape and movement. Feeding time is a part of feeding management to get the best and effective strategy on feed input. This study aimed to determine the growth of Siamese catfish juvenile by looking at the influence of feeding time on feed utilization. The average individual weight of juveniles used was ± 3.2 g stocked 15 fish per aquarium equipped with recirculation system. Two level factors in the factorial design consisted of 4 feeding times (at 8:00, at 12:00, at 16:00, and as control (8:00, 12:00, 16:00) and feeding level (45 g feed kg-1 fish, 90 g feed kg-1 fish). Interaction between feeding time and feeding level resulting eight types of treatments research, namely A (8/45), B (12/45), C (16/45), D (8:12:16/45), E (8:12:16/90), F (8/90), G (12/90), and H (16/90). The results showed that feeding time had significant effect on the specific growth rate, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratio and were significantly different among the treatments (P<0.05). Besides feeding time control (treatments D and E), treatment C also showed the highest of specific growth rate (2.03%), protein efficiency ratio (1.46), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.85).
FLUCTUATION OF POST-PRANDIAL PLASMA MINERAL LEVEL OF JUVENILE JAPANESE FLOUNDER, Paralichthys olivaceus FED DIETARY PHOSPHORUS AND PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Laining Asda , Rachmansyah Rachmansyah , Lideman Lideman , Koshio Shunsuke
Published: October 2016

In order to investigate the phytic acid degradation in the gut of post juvenile Japanese flounder, indirect method was carried out by measuring the pre-prandial and postprandial plasma mineral and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level as well as liver phosphorus content. The experiment was designed into a Randomized Block in which experiment units were grouped according to sampling days at 10, 20 and 30 days of feeding time. Experimental diets contained three levels of dietary inorganic phosphorus at 0.0; 0.25 and 0.5% combined with two levels of dietary phytase at 0 and 2,000 FTU/kg diet. Juvenile Japanese flounder (IBW = 36.2 g) were randomly distributed into 6 tanks of a 200 L capacity with density of 15 fish/tank. Blood sampling was carried out at 0 hour (before feeding or pre-prandial) and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 hour post feeding (post-prandial) time in three sampling days, respectively. Plasma was measured for mineral and ALP levels, while liver was analyzed for P content. The observation showed that fish fed without both dietary IP and phytase supplements had the lowest postprandial plasma IP, Mg and ALP levels during 12-h postprandial period. Plasma IP level at 6-h post-feeding in groups fed dietary 0.25 and 0.5% IP were significant higher when diet supplemented with phytase than those without phytase supplement. Peak level of plasma IP in fish fed 0.25% IP was similar to fish fed 0.5% with the presence of dietary phytase. At 1 and 3-h post-feeding, plasma Ca level increased in all groups, but significant difference was only observed between group fed diet without both dietary IP and phytase and other groups. Similar to plasma IP level, peak of plasma Mg and ALP concentration occurred in fish fed 0.25% IP together with phytase, and did not significantly differ from fish fed with 0.5% IP even when phytase was included in diet.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND CLONAL RELATION OF ATYPICAL ISOLATE Aeromonas salmonicida USING RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (RFLP)
Authors: Priyatna Riza , Indaryulianto Indaryulianto , Kurniasih Kurniasih
Published: October 2016

Aeromonas salmonicida is responsible in many cases of furunculosis outbreaks resulting in economic loss of freshwater aquaculture. Four isolates of A. salmonicida have been isolated from fish collected in four different regions in Indonesia and its clonal relation has yet to be determined. In the research, A. salmonicida isolates and ATCC atypical isolate as the control had been checked for their clonal relation using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method in which restriction enzyme of AluI, HaeIII, MboI, and EheI were used. PCR test results using the primers 16S rDNA amplicon gave a positive response to the 1300 bp band. The result of RFLP analysis showed that A. salmonicida atypical isolates from Indonesia represent subspecies smithia except isolates from C. macropomum in Yogyakarta in MS and 16S rDNA regions. Isolates from Jambi, Pontianak and Semarang showed a slight variation on enzyme restriction sites. Isolates number 2, 3, 4 and 5 had the same restriction sites using AluI enzyme with MS primer. The restriction enzymes that could give the best result for RFLP method of A. salmonicida were HaeIII, MboI and EheI.
THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING, REGRESSION QUANTILES, AND GIS APPROACHES FOR MODELING OF SCALLOP LARVAE: A Case Study in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Radiarta I Nyoman
Published: October 2016

In the development of scallop cultivation in Japan, larvae collection and propagation become an important factor. Although the monitoring program has been conducted, modeling of species distribution is becoming an important tool for understanding the effects of environmental changes and resources management. This study was conducted to construct a model for providing estimation of the scallop larvae distribution in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan using the integration of remote sensing, Regression Quantile (RQ) and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based model. Data on scallop larvae were collected during one year spawning season from April to July 2003. Environmental parameters were extracted from multi sensor remotely sensed data (chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature) and a hydrographic chart (water depth). These parameters together with larvae data were then analyzed using RQ. Finally, spatial models were constructed within a GIS by combining the RQ models with digital map of environmental parameters. The results show that the model was best explained by using only sea surface temperature. The highest larvae densities were predicted in a relatively broad distribution along with the shallow water regions (Toyoura and Sawara to Yakumo) and the deeper water areas (center of the bay). The spatial model built from the RQ provided robust estimation of the scallop larvae distributions in the study area, as confirmed by model validation using independent data. These findings could contribute on the monitoring program in this region in order to distinguish the potential areas for an effective spat collection.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXPRESSION OF STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasionodon hypophtalmus) GROWTH HORMONE GENE (PhGH) IN THE ORGAN OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) TRANSGENIC FOUNDER
Authors: Marnis Huria , Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni , Imron Imron , Iswanto Bambang
Published: October 2016

Faster growing African catfish can be produced by transgenesis. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution and expression of growth hormone gene (PhGH) in various organs of the transgenic African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) founder (F0). Transgene was detected using the PCR method in various organs, namely pituitary, brain, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, intestine, stomach, muscle, caudal fin, gill and eye. Transgene expression levels were analyzed using the method of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), -actin gene used as internal controls. The results showed that the PhGH was detected and expressed in all organs of the transgenic African catfish founder. The high level of PhGH expression was found in the liver, pituitary, intestine and brain; smaller amounts were detectable in muscle, spleen, kidneys, heart, and stomach, caudal fin, gill and eyes, range from 0.02-0.75 PhGH/-actin mRNA. The expression levels of PhGH had positive correlation with tissue and body size (P<0.05).
THE DYNAMIC OF LANDSCAPE CHANGE AT COAST AREA, IN LABAKKANG SUBDISTRICT PANGKEP REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Tantu Andi Gusti , Soemarno Soemarno , Harahab Nuddin , Mustafa Akhmad
Published: October 2016

Development is a changing process to improve human standard of life that strongly related to the activities of natural resource utilization. It is frequently found that these activities change the ecosystems and their resources. Eventually, these changes wil l give ser ious impacts to the envi ronments. The most distinct environmental problems are caused by resident migration to the coastal areas, coastal developments, and land limitation. Coastal reclamation is an example of human effort to respond to the land limitation in the coastal areas as observed in coastal areas of Labakkang Subdistrict. Reclamation activity is doing along the coast of Pundata Baji Village, whereas, in other villages, cutting off of mangrove areas as an alternative land expansion is increasingly practiced by the local communities. This Research was aimed to observe the landscape change from 1980 to 2010 at coast area in Labakkang Subdistrict. Each review considers Landsat Image Map (acquired in 1980); Landsat Image Map (acquired in 1990); Landsat Image Map-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) acquired in 2000); Spot Image 4 (acquired in 2005); and Spot 4 LAPAN (acquired in 2010). Result of research indicates that at coast area of Labakkang Subdistrict in 1980, there are 248.3 ha of mangrove vegetation, 2,756.63 ha inundation, and 4,157.0 ha open land. In 1990, there are 234.2 ha mangrove vegetation, 2,251.63 ha embankment, 933.2 ha rice field, and 582.0 ha open land. In 2000, there are 218.3 ha mangrove vegetation, 2,848.1 ha embankment, and 3,579.2 ha rice field. In 2005, it has 121.4 ha mangrove vegetation, 3,762.6 ha embankment, and 2,306.2 ha rice field. In 2010, it is found 48.9 ha mangrove vegetation, 5,029.35 ha embankment, and 749.98 ha rice field.
DISTRIBUTION OF TROPICAL EEL GENUS Anguilla IN INDONESIA WATER BASED ON SEMI-MULTIPLEX PCR
Authors: Fahmi Melta Rini , Pouyaud Laurent , Berrebi Patrick
Published: October 2016

Tropical eels living in Indonesian waters are known to be composed of several species, but their real listing together with their distribution ranges need to be established. The main difficulties are the very high number of islands with perennial rivers where these species are living during the growth phase of their life cycle. It is difficult, sometimes impossible, to determine the species using morphological characters, moreover on glass eels. In order to establish the geographic distribution of tropical eels of the genus Anguilla in Indonesian waters, a total 1,115 specimens were collected between 2008 and 2012. Sample collection was done in the growth habitats that are rivers and estuaries by commercial nets of different categories according to the fish size. All samples were identified genetically using the recently developed semimultiplex PCR method. We recognized four species and subspecies with wide distribution: Anguilla bicolor bicolor, Anguilla bicolor pacifica, Anguilla marmorata, and Anguilla interioris; two species with limited distribution, close to endemism: Anguilla celebesensis and Anguilla borneensis and one subspecies Anguilla nebulosa nebulosa that is only spread in river flowing into Indian Ocean.
THE IMPACTS OF FASTING PERIODS ON FOOD INTAKE, GROWTH RATE, COMPENSATORY GROWTH, AND EFFICIENCY OF FEED UTILIZATION IN BLUE TILAPIA (Oreochromis aureus) REARED IN BRACKISH WATER PONDS
Authors: Setyawan Priadi , Robisalmi Adam , Listiyowati Nunuk , Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni , Imron Imron
Published: October 2016

Blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) has known as euryhaline species refers to wide range of salinity tolerance. The pure population or hybrid with other strain of tilapia can be a good candidate in marginal coastal land use. Tilapia is the most important aquaculture species in Indonesia. Refers to FAO 2010, Indonesia is the third biggest of tilapia production after China and Egypt. One of the main problems in aquaculture is their feed as the major cost in fish farming. Various techniques had carried out to reduce of feed cost such as improving fish quality, sex reversal and feed management. This research aimed to determine of compensatory growth in tilapia as one technique in feed management. Fry obtained from natural spawning in freshwater pond. Acclimatization in 20 ppt made in aquarium for 4 days after one month reared in hapas. Fish reared in 2 m x 1 m hapas with five treatments and three replications. This research had conducted at brackish water pond in Yogyakarta. The treatments is A: one day fasting and six days feeding (1/6), B: 2/5, C: 3/4, D: 4/3 and E is control. Results showed that the biggest of average weight gain is treatment of E (68.36 g) followed by A (66.38 g), B (62.44 g), C (43.56 g), and D (27.30 g) respectively. One-way ANOVAs analysis with 95% of interval confidences continued with Tukey’s Pairwaise comparison showed that nothing significant different between E, A, and B. The biggest of daily growth rate and specific growth rate is E (0.75 g/day and 4.68 %bw/day) followed by A (0.73 g/day and 4.65 %bw/day); B (0.69 g/day and 4.58 %bw/day); C (0.48 g/day and 4.18% bw/day) and D (0.29 g/day and 3.65% bw/day) respectively. Survival rate of A is 73.00% followed by E. 72.00%, C. 71.00%, D. 69.69%, and B. 67.00% respectively. Feed conversion ratio of D is 0.83 followed by C (0.87), B (0.98), A (1.16), and E (1.41). Food efficiency ratio of D is 127.06% followed by C (118.75%), B (106.09%), A (88.87%), and E (73.38%). These results indicate that fasting of one day and two days has no significant effect on fish growth. Treatment A and B is the better treatment for fish culture refers to the better value of FCR, FER, and total weight gain.
INVESTIGATION ON BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION OF FRESHWATER FISHES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto , Paradis Emmanuel
Published: October 2016

Indonesia is one of the richest regions in the world in terms of biodiversity. However, recent evidence has shown that tropical forests destruction has maintained at a high rate over the last few years in this country. At the same time, living resources in Indonesian freshwater ecosystems are important: this country ranks at number seven in terms of production of inland capture fisheries with 323,150 tonnes in 2008. Freshwater fishes represent 42% of the total estimated ichthyofauna, concentrated in 0.01% of the total water covered environment. This environment is closer to human activities, making it critically vulnerable to adverse impacts. Furthermore, there has been some recent debates on the general sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture production systems. This research was focused on initiating a multi-scale study of fish biodiversity in freshwater environments. Two specific actions have been started. A review based on the analyses of the existing scientific literature and of databases on fish taxonomy and distributions. In parallel to this work, a global analysis of the distribution of fish diversity in Indonesia was undertaken. This work aims at identifying the major features of this resource as well as its current and future threats.