bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An intelligent decision-making method for anti-jamming communication based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Song Bailin , Xu Hua , Jiang Lei , Rao Ning
Published: August 2021

In order to solve the problem of intelligent anti-jamming decision-making in battlefield communication, this paper designs an intelligent decision-making method for communication anti-jamming based on deep reinforcement learning. Introducing experience replay and dynamic epsilon mechanism based on PHC under the framework of DQN algorithm, a dynamic epsilon-DQN intelligent decision-making method is proposed. The algorithm can better select the value of epsilon according to the state of the decision network and improve the convergence speed and decision success rate. During the decision-making process, the jamming signals of all communication frequencies are detected, and the results are input into the decision-making algorithm as jamming discriminant information, so that we can effectively avoid being jammed under the condition of no prior jamming information. The experimental results show that the proposed method adapts to various communication models, has a fast decision-making speed, and the average success rate of the convergent algorithm can reach more than 95%, which has a great advantage over the existing decision-making methods.
Développement d'une nouvelle stratégie de régulation de niveau d'acier liquide en lingotière de coulée continue de brames
Authors: Dusser H. , Martin J. F. , Mouchette A. , Simonin O. , Becler D. , Nadif M. , Banny T. , Sosin L.
Published: August 2021

Pour limiter l'amplitude des variations de niveau en lingotière de coulée continue, une nouvelle stratégie de régulation, incluant deux mesures de niveau et un régulateur numérique, a été développée. Le principe de cette nouvelle régulation, la démarche de développement et les résultats des tests et de l'évaluation des performances par simulation numérique et sur maquette hydraulique sont présentés.
Free Flap Reconstruction of Extremity Defects in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Li Jin , Xiong Hewei , Li Gongchi , Zhou Pan , Ai Fangxin , Wang Kun , Chen Jianghai
Published: August 2021

Background Microsurgical reconstruction of extremity defects with free flaps has been carried out for many years. The aim of this retrospective study is to characterize free flap surgery on children of 1 to 7 years old by evaluating a series of 20 cases of free flap surgeries that have been performed in pediatric patients.

Methods From February 2014 to January 2018, 20 patients, 10 boys and 10 girls aged from 1 to 7 years (average, 4.6 years), were engaged in this study. Several types of free flaps were used, including anterolateral thigh flaps (ALT), inferior ulnar collateral artery flap, latissimus dorsi flap, medial plantar flap, fibular osteocutaneous flap and hallux toenail flap. After operations, follow-up period was at least for 2 years and the average follow-up period was 48.5 months. The long-term outcomes were estimated by questionnaires derived from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI).

Results A total of 21free-flap reconstructions were performed on 20patients, including 15 ALT, 3 composite flaps, and 3 other cutaneous flaps. The size of the tissue flap ranged from 1.5 to 280 cm2 (average, 74.1cm2). The diameter of the anastomosed artery of the flap ranged from 0.7 to 1.2 mm. Among the 21 flaps, 20 survived and the success rate was about 95 %. Contour adaption was achieved in all flaps. Fifteen children received a secondary operation for debulking or functional improvement. Secondary deformity was present in 3 children, among which ankle joint valgus was seen in two children and a flexion deformity of injured toe occurred in one child. The mean global functioning score of PODCI was 94 (ranging from 81 to 98, maximum 100).

Conclusion The success rate of free-flap surgery in pediatric patients was comparable to that achieved in adults. Post-operative caring for pediatric patients was easier than expected. For pediatric patients, the final outcomes were not varied remarkably from different types of free tissue transfer.
Galilean W3 algebra
Authors: Radobolja G.
Published: August 2021

Galilean W3 vertex operator algebra (VOA) GW3(cL,cM) is constructed as a universal enveloping vertex algebra of certain non-linear Lie conformal algebra. It is proved that this algebra is simple by using the determinant formula of the vacuum module. The reducibility criterion for Verma modules is given, and the existence of subsingular vectors is demonstrated. Free field realization of GW3(cL,cM) and its highest weight modules are obtained within a rank 4 lattice VOA.
Generation of topologically diverse acoustic vortex beams with same divergence angle using discrete active helical arrays
Authors: Lu Wei , Sun Hao , Lan Yu , Guo Rongzhen
Published: August 2021

In the process of multiplexing acoustic orbital angular momentum to realize underwater acoustic communication, the demodulation process is always affected by the larger divergence angle of higher-order acoustic vortex beams. To restrain the influences of this problem, proposed here are discrete active helical arrays with different heights and radii to generate topologically diverse underwater acoustic vortex beams, and the reasons for the different divergence angles of acoustic vortex beams with different orders are analyzed. In finite-element analysis and experiments, the same divergence angle of acoustic vortex beams with different orders is obtained, and an effective method is provided for emitting underwater acoustic vortex beams. The proposed design has potential applications in underwater acoustic communication.
The Ice Chamber for Astrophysics–Astrochemistry (ICA): A new experimental facility for ion impact studies of astrophysical ice analogs
Authors: Herczku Péter , Mifsud Duncan V. , Ioppolo Sergio , Juhász Zoltán , Kaňuchová Zuzana , Kovács Sándor T. S. , Traspas Muiña Alejandra , Hailey Perry A. , Rajta István , Vajda István , Mason Nigel J. , McCullough Robert W. , Paripás Béla , Sulik Béla
Published: August 2021

The Ice Chamber for Astrophysics–Astrochemistry (ICA) is a new laboratory end station located at the Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki) in Debrecen, Hungary. The ICA has been specifically designed for the study of the physico-chemical properties of astrophysical ice analogs and their chemical evolution when subjected to ionizing radiation and thermal processing. The ICA is an ultra-high-vacuum compatible chamber containing a series of IR-transparent substrates mounted on a copper holder connected to a closed-cycle cryostat capable of being cooled down to 20 K, itself mounted on a 360° rotation stage and a z-linear manipulator. Ices are deposited onto the substrates via background deposition of dosed gases. The ice structure and chemical composition are monitored by means of FTIR absorbance spectroscopy in transmission mode, although the use of reflectance mode is possible by using metallic substrates. Pre-prepared ices may be processed in a variety of ways. A 2 MV Tandetron accelerator is capable of delivering a wide variety of high-energy ions into the ICA, which simulates ice processing by cosmic rays, solar wind, or magnetospheric ions. The ICA is also equipped with an electron gun that may be used for electron impact radiolysis of ices. Thermal processing of both deposited and processed ices may be monitored by means of both FTIR spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of the ICA setup as well as an overview of the preliminary results obtained and future plans.
Observation of ultrafast amorphization dynamics in GeCu2Te3 thin films using echelon-based single-shot transient absorbance spectroscopy
Authors: Arashida Yusuke , Suzuki Takayuki , Nara Shuhei , Katayama Ikufumi , Minami Yasuo , Shindo Satoshi , Sutou Yuji , Saiki Toshiharu , Takeda Jun
Published: August 2021

The compound GeCu2Te3 (GCT) has attracted considerable attention because of its several advantages for next-generation nonvolatile memories, including its higher thermal stability and lower volume change, with large optical contrast between the crystalline and amorphous phases. In this study, we demonstrate the ultrafast amorphization dynamics that occur in GCT by utilizing echelon-based single-shot transient absorbance spectroscopy and coherent phonon spectroscopy. We find that the timescale of the absorbance change accompanying amorphization is ∼2 ps, which is close to the dephasing time of the A1 optical phonons. Based on the observed results and the robust structural network of crystalline GCT, we discuss the amorphization dynamics in GCT by comparing it with that in the typical phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5.
Light emission from plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Cai Yi-Yu , Tauzin Lawrence J. , Ostovar Behnaz , Lee Stephen , Link Stephan
Published: August 2021

The mechanism of light emission from metallic nanoparticles has been a subject of debate in recent years. Photoluminescence and electronic Raman scattering mechanisms have both been proposed to explain the observed emission from plasmonic nanostructures. Recent results from Stokes and anti-Stokes emission spectroscopy of single gold nanorods using continuous wave laser excitation carried out in our laboratory are summarized here. We show that varying excitation wavelength and power change the energy distribution of hot carriers and impact the emission spectral lineshape. We then examine the role of interband and intraband transitions in the emission lineshape by varying the particle size. We establish a relationship between the single particle emission quantum yield and its corresponding plasmonic resonance quality factor, which we also tune through nanorod crystallinity. Finally, based on anti-Stokes emission, we extract electron temperatures that further suggest a hot carrier based mechanism. The central role of hot carriers in our systematic study on gold nanorods as a model system supports a Purcell effect enhanced hot carrier photoluminescence mechanism. We end with a discussion on the impact of understanding the light emission mechanism on fields utilizing hot carrier distributions, such as photocatalysis and nanothermometry.
Optical direct write of Dolan–Niemeyer-bridge junctions for transmon qubits
Authors: Monroe J. T. , Kowsari D. , Zheng K. , Gaikwad C. , Brewster J. , Wisbey D. S. , Murch K. W.
Published: August 2021

We characterize highly coherent transmon qubits fabricated with a direct-write photolithography system. Multi-layer evaporation and oxidation allow us to change the critical current density by reducing the effective tunneling area and increasing the barrier thickness. Surface treatments before resist application and again before evaporation result in high-coherence devices. With optimized surface treatments, we achieve energy relaxation T1 times in excess of 80 μs for three dimensional transmon qubits with Josephson junction lithographic areas of 2 μm2.
Functional magnetic waveguides for magnonics
Authors: Haldar Arabinda , Adeyeye Adekunle Olusola
Published: August 2021

Magnonics, or spin wave based spintronics, is an emerging technology where magnons—quanta for spin waves—process the information analogous to electronic charges in electronics. We introduce the fundamental components of a magnonic device and briefly discuss their electrical control. The magnetic waveguide—an integral part of a magnonic circuit—guides the spin wave signal (magnon current) of desired frequency, wave vector, phase, and amplitude, which are the key ingredients for wave based computing. Typically, a bias magnetic field aligns magnetization to satisfy anisotropic magnon dispersions for low-energy and long-wavelength magnons, and thus it hinders on-chip device integration capability. We discuss strategies to eliminate the requirements of such a bias field by utilizing self-biased waveguides, which are based on either exchange coupled magnetic multi-layer based magnetic micro-wire or dipolar coupled but physically separated chain of rhomboid nanomagnets. We emphasize that the self-biased waveguides offer additional functionalities as compared to conventional waveguides. In this regard, manipulation of spin waves or the gating operation is presented by utilizing reconfigurable remanent magnetic states of the waveguide externally controlled by field or microwave current. We discuss the prospects of these bias-free waveguide strategies in the rapidly developing field of nano-magnonics and their potential for practical realizations of a magnonic-electronic hybrid technology.
Photo-reconfigurable twisting structure in chiral liquid crystals triggered by photoresponsive surface
Authors: Kougo Junichi , Araoka Fumito , Haba Osamu , Yonetake Koichiro , Aya Satoshi
Published: August 2021

Shape-transformable molecular additives with photoresponsivity, such as azobenzene or spiropyran, in matter are known to decrease the local order parameter and lead to drastic state variations under light irradiation. For example, a liquid crystalline state can be transformed to an isotropic liquid state by photo-exciting a tiny amount of azobenzene additives from trans- to cis-conformers. On the other hand, structural or shape transformation without changing the phase state is also intriguing since it offers an opportunity for manipulating specific structures. Here, we demonstrate an active control of the topology of chiral particle-like twisting structures, dubbed toron, by light. Interestingly, the individual twisting structure is fully reconfigurable between spherical and unique branched topological states. We reveal that the shape transformation is driven by the free-energy competition between the variation of surface anchoring strength and the elastic energy stored in the twisting structure. The mean-field simulation based on the Landau–de Gennes framework shows that the elastic anisotropy plays the dominant role in modifying the toron topology upon weak anchoring. The results offer a new path for understanding the process of topology-involved shape transformation and fabrication of novel functional materials.
Evolution of shock-accelerated double-layer gas cylinder
Authors: Feng Lili , Xu Jinru , Zhai Zhigang , Luo Xisheng
Published: August 2021

Developments of the shock-accelerated concentric double-layer gas cylinder with an air cylinder embedded into an SF6 cylinder have been experimentally investigated for the first time. The double-layer gas cylinder is created by the soap film technique. Effects of the inner cylinder on the evolution of the outer one are highlighted by changing the radius ratio, i.e., a ratio of the inner radius to the outer one. The flow features show that the two cylinders evolve independently at the early stage, whereas they couple together at the late stage. The presence of the inner cylinder changes the behavior of shock movements, and a vortex pair instead of an outward jet is generated at the downstream interface. The scale of the vortex pair is proportional to the initial radius ratio. The rarefaction waves generated from the upstream interface of the inner cylinder accelerate the upstream interface of the outer cylinder earlier than the single-layer SF6 cylinder. Depending on the radius ratio, the acceleration induced by the rarefaction wave impact either prolongs or shortens the linear phase of the upstream interface movement. The waves' effect results in the failure of the nonlinear model in predicting the upstream interface movement. For the outer cylinder, its movements in both the streamwise and spanwise directions are promoted by the inner one. For the inner cylinder, its movements in the streamwise and spanwise directions are, respectively, inhibited and promoted by the outer one. As the radius ratio increases, the effect of promotion or prohibition is stronger.
Torn limb from limb: the ethology of prey-processing in Tasmanian devils (
Authors: Pollock Tahlia I. , Hocking David P. , Hunter Daniel O. , Parrott Marissa L. , Zabinskas Monika , Evans Alistair R.
Published: August 2021

The success of carnivorous mammals is determined not only by their ability to locate and kill prey, but also their efficiency at consuming it. Breaking large prey into small pieces is challenging due to the strong and tough materials that make up a carcass (e.g. hide, muscle, and bone). Carnivores therefore require a diverse suite of prey-processing behaviours to utilise their catch. Tasmanian devils are Australia’s only large marsupial scavengers and have the ability to consume almost all of a carcass. To determine how they do this we analysed 5.5 hours of footage from 21 captive and wild devils feeding at carcasses. We documented 6320 bouts of 12 distinct prey-processing behaviours, performed at frequencies that varied throughout feeds and between groups. The time point in the feed influenced the types of behaviours used. This is likely due to changing prey size, as different techniques appear better suited to handling whole carcasses or large pieces (pulling and pinning) or smaller pieces (holding and manipulating). Group size impacted the frequency of social pulling behaviours, which increased with the number of animals. Our findings highlight the range of prey-processing behaviours performed by scavenging devils when handling, breaking down, and consuming a carcass. The devils’ repertoire shares similarities with large carnivores that handle and consume whole carcasses as well as small carnivores that are adept in grasping and handling smaller prey.
Student-Focussed Approaches that can Enhance Understanding and Appreciation of Research in the Chemical Sciences
Authors: Constable Grace E. O. , Bissember Alex C. , Pullen Reyne
Published: August 2021

The alignment of intended learning outcomes for chemistry graduates and the actualised outcomes has been called into question recently. Opportunities to address this lie in the integration of undergraduate learning experiences in which students develop real-world skills and engage with problems that they may encounter as graduates in contemporary workplaces or modern society more broadly. This Highlight article provides an overview of three such approaches, including offering students authentic research experiences within (or outside of) normal degree programs, engaging students in citizen science projects, and considering curriculum reforms to better align with a systems thinking framework. Where possible, we provide explicit examples grounded in the Australian context, accompanied by some thoughts on the challenges that may be encountered when implementing these approaches in practice.
Integrating remotely sensed fuel variables into wildfire danger assessment for China
Authors: Quan Xingwen , Xie Qian , He Binbin , Luo Kaiwei , Liu Xiangzhuo
Published: August 2021

As regulated by the ‘fire environment triangle’, three major forces are essential for understanding wildfire danger: (1) topography, (2) weather and (3) fuel. Within this concept, this study aimed to assess the wildfire danger for China based on a set of topography, weather and fuel variables. Among these variables, two remotely sensed key fuel variables, fuel moisture content (FMC) and foliage fuel load (FFL), were integrated into the assessment. These fuel variables were retrieved using radiative transfer models from the MODIS reflectance products. The random forest model identified the relationships between these variables and historical wildfires and then produced a daily updated and moderate-high spatial resolution (500 m) dataset of wildfire danger for China from 2001 to 2020. Results showed that this dataset performed well in assessing wildfire danger for China in terms of the ‘Area Under the Curve’ value, the fire density within each wildfire danger level, and the visualisation of spatial patterns. Further analysis showed that when the FMC and FFL were excluded from the assessment, the accuracy decreased, revealing the reasonability of the remotely sensed FMC and FFL in the assessment.
Cooperatives and the reorganisation of labour-intensive production in South Africa’s clothing industry
Authors: Nattrass Nicoli , Seekings Jeremy
Published: August 2021

Wage regulation in South Africa’s clothing industry has pushed low-wage producers to restructure themselves as partnerships between former employers, now intermediaries, and worker cooperatives. The proliferation of employer-initiated cooperatives in the clothing sector reflects and poses challenges to South Africa’s system of industrial-level bargaining, to unionisation, and to the government’s unevenly implemented strategy of using minimum wages to force enterprises to ‘upgrade’ and become less labour intensive. Through circumventing wage regulation and institutionalising a less adversarial approach to the management of labour, worker cooperatives represent a model for low-wage labour-intensive manufacturing that disrupts government rhetoric and policymaking.
Effects of FFP2/N95 face mask on low‐ and high‐load resistance exercise performance in recreational weight lifters
Authors: Rosa Bruno Viana , Rossi Fabrício Eduardo , de Moura Helton Pereira dos Santos Nunes , Santos Arilene Maria da Silva , Véras‐Silva Acácio Salvador , Ribeiro Sérgio Luís Galan , Nakamura Fabio Yuzo , Pereira dos Santos Marcos Antonio
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study was to verify the acute effects of an FFP2/N95 face mask on moderate‐ and high‐load resistance exercise performance in recreational weight lifters. Seventeen recreational weight lifters performed four randomized bouts: high intensity [70% of one maximum repetition (1RM)] and moderate intensity (50% 1RM), both with and without an FFP2/N95 face mask. All sequences of exercises were performed over four sets in the bench press exercise, performed on a Smith machine until movement failure, with two minutes of recovery between sets. A linear position transducer was used to measure the bar velocity, and record the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and maximum propulsive velocity (V max). The rate of perceived effort (RPE), heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded. For the high‐intensity condition, MPV (p = 0.021) and V max (p = 0.004) were significantly lower in the mask condition compared to non‐mask in set‐1, however, there were no significant differences for moderate intensity or for total volume in either intensity (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between conditions, with lower SpO2 (p = 0.010) and higher RPE (p = 0.008) when wearing the face mask only at the moderate intensity. In conclusion, the FFP2/N95 face mask impacted performance in the high‐intensity resistance bench press exercise until movement failure but decreased oxygen saturation and increased rate of perceived effort only in the moderate‐intensity exercise in recreational weight lifters.

COVID‐19 pandemic, has led to several countries adopting the use of masks in public spaces. Mask used during physical exercise it may induce early fatigue. However, despite the results with aerobic exercise, as far as we know, no studies have been carried out on wearing a mask during resistance exercise.

This randomized, crossover study verified the acute effect of an FFP2/N95 face mask on moderate‐ and high‐load upper body resistance exercise performance in recreational weight lifters.

The FFP2/N95 face mask impacted performance, evaluated with bar velocity, in the high‐intensity resistance bench press exercise until movement failure but decreased oxygen saturation and increased rate of perceived effort only in the moderate‐intensity exercise.
The genetic predisposition to obesity has no influence on waist circumference when screen time and sleep duration are adequate in children and adolescents
Authors: Brand Caroline , Sehn Ana Paula , Todendi Pâmela Ferreira , de Moura Valim Andreia Rosane , Mattevi Vanessa Suñé , García‐Hermoso Antônio , Reis Gaya Anelise , Reuter Cézane Priscila
Published: August 2021

The aim of the present study was to verify whether the amount of sleep duration, screen time, and physical activity moderate the relationship between FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and waist circumference (WC) in children and adolescents. This is a cross‐sectional study conducted with 1338 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 17 years. Lifestyle habits were assessed through self‐reported questionnaire. WC was measured on the narrowest part of the trunk between the last rib and the iliac crest. FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped by real time polymerase chain reaction. The PROCESS macro for the SPSS was used for moderation analyses, through multiple linear regression models. Results indicated significant interactions were found between sleep duration and screen time X FTO rs9939609, showing that these lifestyle behaviours are moderators in the relationship between a genetic predisposition for obesity and higher WC. For physical activity, there was no significant interaction. Therefore, sleeping more than 564 min a day (i.e. 9.4 h) and spending no more than 233 min in front of screen may counteract the genetic predisposition to obesity in children and adolescents.

Highlights

A healthy lifestyle may counteract the genetic predisposition to central obesity;

Children and adolescents should sleep more than approximately 9 h (564 min) per day and spend less than approximately 4 h (233 min) per day in front of screens in order to counteract the genetic predisposition to central obesity conferred by the FTO gene variant.

It is fundamental to promote actions for the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, including the importance of presenting adequate sleep habits and low screen time for a better cardiometabolic health and reduction of obesity.
International comparison of activity measurements of radon 222 - EURAMET Project n°1475 - EURAMET.RI(II)-S8.Rn-222
Authors: Pierre S , Cassette P , Sabot B , Fréchou C , Antohe A , Barna C , Blahušiak P , Cardellini F , Dersch R , Honig A , Juget F , Krivošík M , Luca A , Maringer F J , Mertes F , Röttger S , Sahagia M , Slučiak J , Stietka M , Szűcs L , Teodorescu C
Published: August 2021

Main text

An international comparison of activity per unit volume of 222Rn (EURAMET project N° 1475, registered in KCDB as supplementary comparison EURAMET.RI(II)-S8.Rn-222) was organised in 2019 within the framework of the European project MetroRADON. The LNE-LNHB is the pilot of the comparison. Samples of 222Rn gas provided by the LNE-LNHB were sent to the participants and were measured using various techniques. The reference value is the power moderated mean (PMM) (Pommé, 2013) of the seven submitted results.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Newtonian-noise characterization at Terziet in Limburg—the Euregio Meuse–Rhine candidate site for Einstein Telescope
Authors: Bader Maria , Koley Soumen , van den Brand Jo , Campman Xander , Bulten Henk Jan , Linde Frank , Vink Bjorn
Published: August 2021

Limburg, in the border region between Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands, has been identified as the Euregio Meuse–Rhine candidate site for Einstein Telescope. The site hosting this gravitational-wave observatory must minimize the Newtonian coupling of ground vibrations to the core optics of the low-frequency detectors. Newtonian noise depends on the ambient seismic field which is in turn dependent on the site’s geology and the distribution of surface and underground seismic-noise sources. We have characterized the site near Terziet in Limburg in terms of propagation modes, dispersion and angular distribution of seismic noise by employing sensor arrays on the surface. Attenuation of seismic noise with depth was studied with a borehole sensor. Based on the results of these measurements, a realistic seismic-field model has been derived that represents a complete solution of the elastodynamic wave equations for a horizontally-layered soil structure. This seismic-field model allows to estimate the Newtonian-noise contribution to the sensitivity of Einstein Telescope for the characteristic geology and ambient noise conditions in South Limburg. The site’s geology features soft-soil layers on hard-rock and is effective in attenuating Newtonian noise from surface waves below the required sensitivity. A random background of body waves with all possible angles of incidence is expected to constitute the dominant source of Newtonian noise.
A morphing wing with cellular structure of non-uniform density
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Zhang Zhenkai , Song Chen , Yang Chao
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes an optimization design method for the modular cellular structure of non-uniform density, which is filled into the morphing wing to generate variable torsion angle. By actively adjusting the distribution of the span-wise torsion angle, the lift distribution on the wing surface can be properly adjusted to avoid the problem of aeroelastic divergence or reduce the bending moment at the wing root. This ability is validated using CFD simulation. In the optimization framework proposed, the adaptive gradient algorithm is used to suppress the divergence of iteration. A finite element model with geometrical nonlinear effects is then proposed to correct the errors of the linear analysis and verify the effectiveness of the optimization method. This design is shown to be able to reduce the overall weight of the structure and achieve control of the macro mechanical performance of the wing. The work provides a general optimization design method for similar modular structures, allowing independent programmable adjustment of the parameters of each single structural cell.
Aspects of symmetry and topology in the charge density wave phase of 1T–TiSe2
Authors: Huang Shin-Ming , Xu Su-Yang , Singh Bahadur , Hsu Ming-Chien , Hsu Chuang-Han , Su Chenliang , Bansil Arun , Lin Hsin
Published: August 2021

The charge density wave (CDW) in 1T–TiSe2 harbors a nontrivial symmetry configuration. It is important to understand this underlying symmetry both for gaining a handle on the mechanism of CDW formation and for probing the CDW experimentally. Here, based on first-principles computations within the framework of the density functional theory, we unravel the connection between the symmetries of the normal and CDW states and the electronic structure of 1T–TiSe2. Our analysis highlights the key role of irreducible representations of the electronic states and the occurrence of band gaps in the system in driving the CDW. By showing how symmetry-related topology can be obtained directly from the electronic structure, our study provides a practical pathway in search of topological CDW insulators.
From local to nonlocal: higher fidelity simulations of photon emission in intense laser pulses
Authors: Blackburn T G , MacLeod A J , King B.
Published: August 2021

State-of-the-art numerical simulations of quantum electrodynamical (QED) processes in strong laser fields rely on a semiclassical combination of classical equations of motion and QED rates, which are calculated in the locally constant field approximation. However, the latter approximation is unreliable if the amplitude of the fields, a
0, is comparable to unity. Furthermore, it cannot, by definition, capture interference effects that give rise to harmonic structure. Here we present an alternative numerical approach, which resolves these two issues by combining cycle-averaged equations of motion and QED rates calculated in the locally monochromatic approximation. We demonstrate that it significantly improves the accuracy of simulations of photon emission across the full range of photon energies and laser intensities, in plane-wave, chirped and focused background fields.
On Tri-ĝ Continuous Functions In Tri-Topological Spaces
Authors: Bala Deepa Arasi K. , Jeyasudha L. , Maheswari V.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new function called tri-ĝ continuous in tri-topological spaces. A map f : X → Y is called tri-ĝ continuous if f-1(V) is tri-ĝ closed in X for each tri-closed set V in Y. Also we define, quasi tri-ĝ. perfectly tri-ĝ, contra tri-ĝ, totally tri-ĝ and strongly tri-ĝ continuous maps are introduced and some of their properties are studied.
Current status of different detector technology in the searches of dark matter events
Authors: Karmakar S. , Singh M. K. , Singh V.
Published: August 2021

In this article, we review the possible candidates of dark matter and their proposed properties. We have focused on different methods used for the detection of the dark matter candidates such as, search of WIMPs at the accelerators, indirect and direct detection of WIMPs. We have highlighted the different detector technologies such as, charge collection after ionization, bubble formation in superheated liquid by charge particle, scintillation produced due to the incident radiation, cryogenic detection technique, noble liquid as detector material, time projection chamber, which are used by different experimental collaborations worldwide.
A New Set of Soft Generalized*β-Locally Closed Sets in Soft Topological Spaces
Authors: Punitha Tharani A , Sujitha H
Published: August 2021

We present a new set of soft generalized* β-locally closed set (here
after
mentioned
as, g
∗
β

s
-lc), soft
g
∗
β − lc
∗set (here
after
mentioned
as, g
∗
β

s
− lc
∗), soft
g
∗
β − lc
∗∗ (here
after
mentioned
as, g
∗
β

s
− lc
∗∗) sets in STS. Further to the above, the relation between the other notions connected with the forms of soft − lc sets and some properties are studied.
Dominating Function in Fractional Graph
Authors: Karunambigai M. G. , Sathishkumar A.
Published: August 2021

Definition of dominating function on a fractional graph G has been introduced. Fractional parameters such as domination number and upper domination number of a fractional graph G has been defined. Domination number and upper domination number of a fractional graph with fuzzy and Intuitionistic fuzzy environment, have been found by formulating Linear Programming Problem.
Dual Simplex Method Based solution for a Fuzzy Transportation Problem
Authors: Sangeetha V. , Thirisangu K. , Elumalai P.
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on solving the fuzzy transportation problem using the dual approach of the simplex. This method uses a strong ranking technique for the iterative values of the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers within the fuzzy transportation problem. Because of approach, the fuzzy transportation problem (in which cost, demand, and supply appear as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers) is transformed into a crisp valued transportation problem. LPP (Linear Programming Problem) and employed dual simplex procedure for solving. The earlier task of obtaining the optimal solution through the IBFS technique and therefore the fuzzy MODI method is reduced here and the optimal solution is obtained directly by the dual simplex procedure.
Fuzzy Binary Soft Separation Axioms and its Properties
Authors: Gino Metilda P. , Subhashini J.
Published: August 2021

In this paper we introduce fuzzy binary soft separation axioms in fuzzy binary soft topological spaces over the two universal sets U1 and U2. We define fuzzy binary soft Ti axioms (i = 0, 1, 2), and study fundamental properties such as fuzzy binary soft hereditary of the above mentioned spaces in detailed.
Forcing Total Outer Independent Edge Geodetic Number of a Graph
Authors: Arul Paul Sudhahar P. , Ajin Deepa A.
Published: August 2021

In this paper we learn the new idea of forcing total outer independent edge geodetic number of a graph. Let G be a connected graph and R be a minimum total outer independent edge geodetic set of G. A subset L ⊆ R is known as a forcing subset for R if R is the unique minimum total outer independent edge geodetic set containing L. A forcing subset for R of minimum cardinality is a minimum forcing subset of R. The forcing total outer independent edge geodetic number of G denoted by

f

1
t

o
i

(G) is

f

1
t

o
i

(G) = min

{

f

1
t

o
i

(
R
)
}

, where the minimum is taken over all minimum total outer independent edge geodetic set R in G. Some general properties satisfied by this concept are studied. It is shown that for any couple of integers l, m with0 < l ≤ m − 4, there exists a connected graph G such that

f

1
t

o
i

(
G
)
=
l

and

g

1
t

o
i

(
G
)
=
m

.
Split Edge Geodetic Domination Number of a Graph
Authors: Arul Paul Sudhahar P. , Jeba Lisa J.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new graph theoretic parameter, split edge geodetic domination number of a connected graph as follows. A set S ⊆ V(G) is said to be a split edge geodetic dominating set of G if S is both a split edge geodetic set and a dominating set of G ( < V-S > is disconnected). The minimum cardinality of the split edge geodetic dominating set of G is called split edge geodetic domination number of G and is denoted by γ
1g
s
(G). It is shown that for any 3 positive integers m, f and nwith 2 ≤ m ≤ f ≤ n-2, there exists a connected graph G of order n such that g
1 (G) = m and γ
1g
s
(G) = f. For every pair l, n of integers with 2 ≤ l ≤ n-2, there exists a connected graph G of order n such that γ
1g
s
(G) = l.
k-Split andk-Non Split Domination of some Zero-Divisor Graphs and its ϑ-Obrazom
Authors: Ragha S. , Rajeswari R. , Meenakumari N.
Published: August 2021

The concept of split domination number was introduced by Kulli and Janakiram. Fink and Jacobson introduced the notion of k-domination in graphs. In this paper, we acquaint with the concept of k-split and k-non split domination for some zero-divisor graphs and ϑ-Obrazom for zero-divisor graphs.
Low Power Inductorless LNA using Noise Cancellation Technique for UWB Applications
Authors: Gupta Manish , Kumar Manish
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with the performance analysis of low power (LP) Low noise amplifier (LNA) for Ultra wide band (UWB) applications. The proposed inductorless LNA has two stages, one is complementary common gate (CCG) stage and the other one is body biased common source stage (BBCS). In CCG stage current reused techniques is used to reduce the power consumption and to provide broad band impedance matching in UWB band. Apart from this, CCG stage is also used to reduce the noise of BBCS stage using noise cancellation technique. BBCS stage is used to provide high and flat gain. Biasing voltage is optimized through body voltage. The proposed LNA was successfully simulated in 45-nm CMOS technology. All the simulations have been done for a range of frequency 3GHz to 8GHz in cadence virtuoso. The proposed LNA achieved a peak power gain (S21) of 17.1dB and −16.4dB S11, at frequency 4.1GHz. The bandwidth of proposed LNA is 3.7GHz −5.5 GHz, −9.9dBm IIP3with minimum NF is 1.1dB. The proposed LNA consumes a power of 3.6mW with supply voltage 1V.
The Split and Strong Split Interiordomination of a Graph
Authors: Caroline Selvaraj C.
Published: August 2021

A subset D of the vertex set V(G) of a graph G is said to be a dominating set if every vertex not in D is adjacent to at least one vertex in V-D. A dominating set D is said to be an interior dominating set if every vertex v ∈D, is an interior vertex of G. The minimum of the cardinalities of the interiordominating sets of G is called the interiordomination number γ

I
d
(G) of G.An interior dominating set D of G is a splitinteriordominating set if the induced subgraph  is disconnected An interior dominating set D of G is a strong split interior dominating set if the induced subgraph  is totally disconnected with at least two vertices. In this paper, we determine the number and γ
s
I
d and γ
s
s
i
d for some standard graphs and obtain bounds for general graphs.
Gd-Distance of Wreath Product of Graphs
Authors: Thanga Kanniga K. , Maheswari V. , Palani K.
Published: August 2021

Let G = (V, E) be a simple connected graph. The geodesic distance between two vertices u, v in G is the length in terms of the number of edges of the shortest path between the vertices. In this paper, we determine the Gd-distance of wreath product of two graphs. Using the formulae obtained here, we have found the exact value of the geodesic distance of some classes of graphs.
Some Properties of Soft Generalized Open and Closed Sets in Soft Topological Spaces
Authors: Vani S.V. , Bala Deepa Arasi K. , Jackson S.
Published: August 2021

In this present paper, we introduce and study some soft topological properties of soft ℳ-border, soft ℳ-exterior and soft ℳ-boundary of a soft set using the concept of soft ℳ-open sets and soft ℳ-closed sets and also studied the other property of the well known notion of soft ℳ-interior, ℳ-closure.
Guided MAC to Enhance Quality of Experience of Video Data Transmission over Massive MIMO
Authors: Bhardwaj Nitish , Bhardwaj Diwakar
Published: August 2021

Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) system contains hundreds of antennas at base station to achieve large gains in spectral-efficiency when compared with conventional MIMO technology. High speed and Quality of Experience (QoE) of video data over wireless communication has always been a challenge for the researchers due to scarcity of the bandwidth, fading and interference. Noisy channels corrupt the transmitted video and results in poor QoE of at the receiver. Therefore, to maintain the QoE of the video, it is highly desirable to identify noisy channels and avoid transmission over them. In the proposed approach, the channels are categorized into two categories:
good or bad. If SINR value is greater than threshold value a channel is good otherwise bad.
A Guided MAC layer (GMAC) protocol is designed to transmit the video data over
good
channels only and to discard the transmission over bad channels.
Exact solutions of Lifshitz black hole coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Authors: Singh R P , Singh B K , Sharma L K
Published: August 2021

In the paper, we find an exact black hole solution in Lifshitz space time coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics and investigate their thermodynamic quantities connected with the black hole in term of horizon radius. This black hole solution interpolates with the Lifshitz black hole in the absence of magnetic monopole charge and Bardeen black hole when z = 0.
The Chess Board Independent Domatic Number Of Queen Graph
Authors: Muthu Kumar S. , Vijaya Xavier Partipan J.
Published: August 2021

The independent domatic queen number of a graph Q

n
is the maximum number of pairwise disjoint minimum independent queen dominating sets of P

n
and it is denoted by i
d(Q

n
) while maximum independent domatic queen number is denoted by I
d(Q

n
). We discuss about in this paper the independent (maximum independent) domatic number of queen graph Q

n
on n × n chess board.
Soft Graphs of Certain Graphs
Authors: Palani K. , Jones T. , Maheswari V.
Published: August 2021

Let G
∗ = (V, E) be a simple graph and A be any nonempty set of parameters. Let subset R of A×V be an arbitrary relation from A to V. A mapping from A to ᵖ(V) written as F:A → ᵖ(V) can be defined as F(x) = { y ∈ V/xRy} and a mapping from A to ᵖ(E) written as K:A → ᵖ(E) can be defined as K(x) = {uv ∈ E/{u, v} ⊆ F(x)}. The pair (F, A) is a soft set over V and the pair (K, A) is a soft set over E. Obviously (F(a), K(a)) is a subgraph of G
∗ for all a ∈ A. The 4-tuple G = ( G
∗, F, K, A) is called a soft graph of G. In this paper we discuss different soft graphs of graphs such as Complete graph, Star graph, Complete bipartite graph, Crown graph, Comb graph, Friendship graph, Bistar graph and Wheel graph.
Logarthmic Corrections to the entropy of Hairy black hole in (2 + 1) dimension gravity Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Authors: Singh B K , Singh R P
Published: August 2021

The entropy recives the logarthanmic corrections in the black hole due to the quantum fluctuation close to the horizon. We study these logarithmic corrections of entropy for hairy BTZ black hole. By applying the WKB approximation calculation of the states is being done which is used to determine free energy of the scalar field. It is seen that the entropy and the free energy are diverging logarithmically in both cut off parameters and these divergences can be engrossed in the renormalized equation of the gravitational constant.
Magnetic, Optical and I-V Characteristics of MoO3 thin films
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Ahmad Faizan , Kumar Surendra , Kumar Naresh , Kumar Rachana , Kumar Pramod
Published: August 2021

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) thin films with cobalt concentration were grown on quartz and n-type Si (100) by thermal evaporation deposition technique. Then the films were thermally annealed for 2 hours under normal environment. The structure is analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm the orthorhombic α-MoO3 phase confirming the crystallinity of thin films. Furthermore, the morphological study is done by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to confirm granular shaped interconnected films. Thicknesses of films are determined by Ellipsometry which vary from 40nm to 140nm with the decrease in Cobalt concentration of thin films. Modifications in optical properties due to the doping of Cobalt in MoO3 thin films are studied in terms of transmittance data and Taucs plot. All films represent direct band gap transitions. The band-gap of MoO3 comes out be 3.32eV from the Taucs plot. A slight change in the band-gaps is found for various films with different concentration. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) results studied at the room temperature confirm the introduced magnetic property as well as the hysteresis loop for the Cobalt doped MoO3 thin films.
A Numerical Study on MHD Mixed Convection in an inclined Lid Driven Enclosure
Authors: Thangavelu Mahalakshmi
Published: August 2021

In this work, MHD mixed convection flow and heat transfer in an inclined lid driven enclosure with different angles (φ = 0° to 90°) for two cases has been studied numerically. Simulations are carried out over a range of parameters: Prandtl numbers (Pr = 0.7 and 7.2), Hartmann number(0≤Ha≤100), Richardson number (Ri = 0.01,1.0,100) and Reynolds number (Re = 100). The governing equations are solved by the finite volume method with a SIMPLE algorithm. It has been found that the average Nusselt number decreases with increasing Hartmann number. It is concluded that on increasing the Richardson number, the overall heat transfer is increased. Also, it is found that existence of the magnetic field suppresses the convective heat transfer and fluid flow in enclosure.
Regular Domination in Various Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Prabakaran P. , Vinoth Kumar N. , Preethi N.
Published: August 2021

In this work, we describe regular domination set (RDS) and regular dominating number λ
R (G) in FG and study some charateristics and bounds of regular domination number in several FG’s.
Design Thinking on δ-Dynamic Coloring of Central Vertex Join of Graphs
Authors: Nandini G. , Sandhya V. , Viswanathan A.
Published: August 2021

An r-dynamic coloring of a graph G is a proper coloring c of the vertices such that |c(N(v))| ≥ min {r, d(v)}, for each v ∈ V(G). The r-dynamic chromatic number of a graph G is the minimum k such that G has an r-dynamic coloring with k colors. In this paper, we obtain the δ-dynamic chromatic number of the central vertex join of two graphs.