bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of ultra-thin diamond nanothreads on the glass transition temperature of a bituminous binder
Authors: Pang Yingying , Sun Liangfeng , Zhan Haifei , Zheng Xianglong , Zhang Jiandong , Bian Chengyou , Lü Chaofeng
Published: October 2023

Aggregation and adhesion are the dominant mechanisms affecting the mobility of the constituent molecules after adding ultra-thin diamond nanothread fillers.
Tandem phospha-Michael addition/cyclization/dehydration of 2-hydroxychalcones with H-phosphine oxides for the synthesis of 4-phosphorylated 4H-chromenes
Authors: Wen Zhong , Yang Kai-Cheng , Zheng Shi-Lu , Zhang Yu-Shan , Wang Sheng-Jun , Ni Hai-Liang , Chen Long
Published: October 2023

A Hg(OTf)2-catalyzed tandem phospha-Michael addition/cyclization/dehydration of 2-hydroxychalcones with H-phosphine oxides was reported, which allowed construction of C–P and C–O bonds in newly generated 4-phosphorylated 4H-chromenes in good yields.
To flow or not to flow. A perspective on large-scale stationary electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Pokhriyal Anukriti , Rueda-García Daniel , Gómez-Romero Pedro
Published: October 2023

Schematic comparative diagram of the stages involved in moving from compact solid electrode materials to dilute nanofluids and RFB solutions.
Inertial effect on evasion and pursuit dynamics of prey swarms: the emergence of a favourable mass ratio for the predator–prey arms race
Authors: Chakraborty Dipanjan , Laha Arkayan , De Rumi
Published: October 2023

We show, based on a theoretical model, how inertia plays a pivotal role in the survival dynamics and escape trajectories of a prey swarm while chased by a predator.
Finite‐time adaptive fuzzy tracking control for high‐order nonlinear time‐delay systems with dead‐zone
Authors: Lu Kexin , Wang Huanqing
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the adaptive fuzzy finite‐time tracking control problem is studied for a class of non‐strict feedback high‐order time‐delay systems with unknown dead‐zone. The fuzzy logic systems are introduced to approximate the uncertain nonlinear functions in the system. The Lyapunov–Krasovskii (L–K) functional technology is used to compensate for the unknown time delays. In addition, based on the backstepping technique and finite‐time theory, an adaptive fuzzy finite‐time tracking controller is designed to ensure that the closed‐loop system is semi‐global practical finite‐time stability, and the tracking error can converge to a small neighbourhood around the origin within a finite time. Finally, the rationality of the proposed method is verified by simulation results.
Ambiguity function analysis of iridium burst transmissions for opportunistic navigation
Authors: Luo Ruidan , Chen Xiao , Wu Zhongwang , Li Yaping
Published: October 2023

The objective of this work is to investigate the Ambiguity Function (AF) characterization of the Iridium L‐band downlink burst transmissions under single burst and multiband multi‐burst mode to demonstrate its suitability and capability as Signal of OPportunity (SoOP) for navigation. The Iridium bursts are collected and examined by demodulating without any prior knowledge for frame verification. The comprehensive analysis and theoretical model of the two mode AFs are presented and verified to evaluate the waveform properties with resolution and sidelobes in both the Doppler and delay domains. Degradation in AF resulting from signal model and multiband channel combination is characterized to exploit the trade‐offs for selection and utilization of the Iridium burst. It has been found that the single burst even with maximum length of 20.32 ms appears available but far from excellent for navigation, while the multiband mode produces significant improvements over the time delay and Doppler resolution as well as a certain degradation on the AF sidelobes. Issues relating to the Iridium bursts utilization have been identified.
Research on dual‐winding permanent magnet generator system with integrated dual‐channel controller
Authors: Han Jianbin , Zhang Zhuoran
Published: October 2023

This article presents a dual‐winding permanent magnet generator (PMG) system with integrated dual‐channel controller to meet the requirements of high power density, high reliability, and high output performance of aircraft electric power system. The dual‐winding of the PMG are designed to have the same phase spatially, with which the same rotor position can be applied in independent vector control. In addition, a dual‐channel controller is applied to control the two sets of windings, which achieves high‐performance control under normal state and fault‐tolerant control under fault state. The integrated dual‐channel controller integrates two sets of main power circuits into one controller and uses a main control unit, which simplifies the PMG system leading to reduction in the overall volume and weight. Reliability analysis of dual‐winding PMG system is proposed to be compared with that of the single‐winding PMG system. A dual‐winding cooperative control strategy and a fault‐tolerant control strategy are proposed to achieve high‐performance control of DC‐link voltage under normal condition and redundant functions under fault condition. As a result, the reliability of the PMG system is improved. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed PMG system and the control strategy.
A giant thin stellar stream in the Coma Galaxy Cluster
Authors: Román Javier , Rich Robert Michael , Ahvazi Niusha , Sales Laura V. , Li Chester , Golini Giulia , Trujillo Ignacio , Knapen Johan H. , Peletier Reynier F. , Sánchez-Alarcón Pablo M.
Published: October 2023

The study of dynamically cold stellar streams reveals information about the gravitational potential where they reside and provides important constraints on the properties of dark matter. However, the intrinsic faintness of these streams makes their detection beyond Local environments highly challenging. Here, we report the detection of an extremely faint stellar stream (μg, max = 29.5 mag arcsec−2) with an extraordinarily coherent and thin morphology in the Coma Galaxy Cluster. This Giant Coma Stream spans ∼510 kpc in length and appears as a free-floating structure located at a projected distance of 0.8 Mpc from the center of Coma. We do not identify any potential galaxy remnant or core, and the stream structure appears featureless in our data. We interpret the Giant Coma Stream as being a recently accreted, tidally disrupting passive dwarf. Using the Illustris-TNG50 simulation, we identify a case with similar characteristics, showing that, although rare, these types of streams are predicted to exist in Λ-CDM. Our work unveils the presence of free-floating, extremely faint and thin stellar streams in galaxy clusters, widening the environmental context in which these objects are found ahead of their promising future application in the study of the properties of dark matter.
On the detection of a solar radio burst event that occurred on 28 August 2022 and its effect on GNSS signals as observed by ionospheric scintillation monitors distributed over the American sector
Authors: Wright Isaac G. , Rodrigues Fabiano S. , Gomez Socola Josemaria , Moraes Alison O. , Monico João F. G. , Sojka Jan , Scherliess Ludger , Layne Dan , Paulino Igo , Buriti Ricardo A. , Brum Christiano G. M. , Terra Pedrina , Deshpande Kshitija , Vaggu Pralay R. , Erickson Philip J. , Frissell Nathaniel A. , Makela Jonathan J. , Scipión Danny
Published: October 2023

As part of an effort to observe and study ionospheric disturbances and their effects on radio signals used by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), alternative low-cost GNSS-based ionospheric scintillation and total electron content (TEC) monitors have been deployed over the American sector. During an inspection of the observations made on 28 August 2022, we found increases in the amplitude scintillation index (S4) reported by the monitors for the period between approximately 17:45 UT and 18:20 UT. The distributed, dual-frequency observations made by the sensors allowed us to determine that the increases in S4were not caused by ionospheric irregularities. Instead, they resulted from Carrier-to-Noise (C/No) variations caused by a solar radio burst (SRB) event that followed the occurrence of two M-class X-ray solar flares and a Halo coronal mass ejection. The measurements also allowed us to quantify the impact of the SRB on GNSS signals. The observations show that the SRB caused maximum C/No fadings of about 8 dB-Hz (12 dB-Hz) on L1 ~ 1.6 GHz (L2 ~ 1.2 GHz) for signals observed by the monitor in Dallas for which the solar zenith angle was minimum (~24.4°) during the SRB. Calculations using observations made by the distributed monitors also show excellent agreement for estimates of the maximum (vertical equivalent) C/No fadings in both L1 and L2. The calculations show maximum fadings of 9 dB-Hz for L1 and of 13 dB-Hz for L2. Finally, the results exemplify the usefulness of low-cost monitors for studies beyond those associated with ionospheric irregularities and scintillation.
anti-Selective Synthesis of Substituted β-Homoprolines by Rhodium Alkyl Nitrene C–H Insertion
Authors: Noda Hidetoshi , Shibasaki Masakatsu , Tang Xinxin
Published: October 2023

A range of β-homoprolines was prepared with high anti-selectivity. An intramolecular C–H insertion reaction involving a rhodium alkyl nitrene is a key step in the ring construction. The carboxylic acid in the products can serve as a springboard for further downstream transformations.
A melhora da mobilidade e da força isométrica do tronco se correlacionam com a melhora da dor e da incapacidade após a reabilitação multimodal para dor lombar?
Authors: Jain Shikha , Shetty Gautam M. , Linjhara Sanya , Chutani Neha , Ram C. S.
Published: October 2023

Objetivo Determinar a correlação entre a amplitude de movimento (ADM) do tronco pós-tratamento e a força isométrica do tronco (FIT) e a dor e a incapacidade em pacientes submetidos à reabilitação multimodal para dor lombar (DL).

Métodos Neste estudo de coorte prospectiva, 122 pacientes submetidos à reabilitação multimodal para DL foram analisados. Foram comparados os escores de escala numérica de dor pré- e pós-tratamento (END) e do índice de incapacidade Oswestry (Oswestry disability index – ODI), a ADM do tronco e a FIT. A correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para determinar a correlação entre desfechos clínicos e a ADM e a FIT pós-tratamento.

Resultados Ao final do tratamento, as médias de ADM (p < 0,0001) e ODI (p < 0,0001), as ADMs médias de extensão (p < 0,0001) e a flexão (p < 0,0001) do tronco melhoraram significativamente. Da mesma forma, a FIT pós-tratamento, as FITs médias de extensão (p < 0,0001) e flexão (p < 0,0001) melhoraram significativamente. Houve uma correlação fraca entre o escore do END e a ADM de extensão (r = -0,24, p = 0,006) e força de flexão (r = -0,28, p = 0,001) pós-tratamento, assim como entre o escore de ODI e FIT de extensão (r = -0,30, p = 0,0007) e flexão (r = -0,28, p = 0,001) pós-tratamento.

Conclusão Apesar da melhora significativa da dor, capacidade, ADM do tronco e FIT com tratamento multimodal, houve uma fraca correlação entre dor pós-tratamento e função e ADM e FIT de tronco. A melhora da dor e da função com o tratamento de reabilitação física para DL é um fenômeno complexo e precisa de uma investigação mais aprofundada.
Toward an understanding of the mechanism of mixed-salt-mediated CVD growth of MoSe2
Authors: Lee Juyong , Shin Naechul
Published: October 2023

The use of liquid precursors in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques is advantageous for growing large-area, uniform two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) compared to conventional methods using solid precursors. While various liquid precursors have been explored, recent studies highlight the use of mixed-salt precursors for growing uniform and wafer-scale TMDs. In this study, we propose a growth mechanism and present our findings on the epitaxial growth of MoSe2 domains as a function of annealing/growth time and H2 flow rate using Na2MoO4 and Na2SeO3 mixed-salt precursors. We confirm that the increase in the annealing time enhances the distribution of spin-coated precursors, leading to a rise in flake number density. On the other hand, prolonged growth time results in better-aligned MoSe2 flakes along the c-sapphire substrate step-edges. A significant finding is the dynamic diffusion of dendritic structures within large domains over the growth period, owing to the constant dissolution and recrystallization in the presence of residual liquid alloys. An increase in the H2 flow during CVD growth yields small, triangular domains aligned with the step edges, a result of the efficient reduction of precursor alloys and subsequent selenization. Our results provide an insight on achieving uniform and aligned morphology in CVD growth of 2D TMDs using liquid-phase precursors, a crucial step toward large-area fabrication.
Excellent triboelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers incorporated with Bi-based oxide-modified KNN polycrystals
Authors: Cai Shuangxing , Han Chengcheng , Cao Xiaole , Sun Qi , Liu Xuncheng , Wang Yuanyu , Zhao Ping , Wu Zhiyi
Published: October 2023

Recently, improving triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) performance with inorganic nanofillers and crafting multifunctional nanofiber films via electrospinning have gained much attention. This paper explores the effect of electrospun composite nanofibers based on P(VDF-TrFE) (denoted as PT) with K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) polycrystals doped with bismuth-based (Bi-based) oxides [Bi(Ni0.5Hf0.5)O3 (BNH) and Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 (BMZ)] on the output performance of TENG. TENGs with four types of [PT-PET, (PT/KNN)-PET, (PT/KNN-BNH)-PET, and (PT/KNN-BMZ)-PET] are compared, and the output increases progressively from pristine (Voc = 572 V and Isc = 13.4 μA) to PT/KNN-BMZ (Voc = 831 V and Isc = 39.2 μA). The maximum output performance is higher than that of most previously reported inorganic particle-modified films. Electrospinning provides a high applied voltage, enhancing dipole alignment, which aids in the formation of the β-phase. Additionally, modifying KNN ceramics with BNH and BMZ and using them as nano-fillers not only increases the β-phase of P(VDF-TrFE) but also elevates its dielectric constant, enhancing the capacitance of TENG, thereby yielding superior triboelectric performance. Furthermore, when different KNN/BMZ concentrations are compared, the (PT/4% KNN-BMZ)-PET TENG demonstrates the optimum triboelectric output performance, with 13.84 mW of peak power at a matched load of 40 MΩ. This work provides guidance for nanofiller choices for high-performance TENG preparation.
Noncoding RNAs improve the predictive power of network medicine
Authors: Morselli Gysi Deisy , Barabási Albert-László
Published: October 2023

Network medicine has improved the mechanistic understanding of disease, offering quantitative insights into disease mechanisms, comorbidities, and novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatments. Yet, most network-based approaches rely on a comprehensive map of protein–protein interactions (PPI), ignoring interactions mediated by noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Here, we systematically combine experimentally confirmed binding interactions mediated by ncRNA with PPI, constructing a comprehensive network of all physical interactions in the human cell. We find that the inclusion of ncRNA expands the number of genes in the interactome by 46% and the number of interactions by 107%, significantly enhancing our ability to identify disease modules. Indeed, we find that 132 diseases lacked a statistically significant disease module in the protein-based interactome but have a statistically significant disease module after inclusion of ncRNA-mediated interactions, making these diseases accessible to the tools of network medicine. We show that the inclusion of ncRNAs helps unveil disease–disease relationships that were not detectable before and expands our ability to predict comorbidity patterns between diseases. Taken together, we find that including noncoding interactions improves both the breath and the predictive accuracy of network medicine.
Asymmetric bistability of chiral particle orientation in viscous shear flows
Authors: Zöttl Andreas , Tesser Francesca , Matsunaga Daiki , Laurent Justine , du Roure Olivia , Lindner Anke
Published: October 2023

The migration of helical particles in viscous shear flows plays a crucial role in chiral particle sorting. Attaching a nonchiral head to a helical particle leads to a rheotactic torque inducing particle reorientation. This phenomenon is responsible for bacterial rheotaxis observed for flagellated bacteria as
Escherichia coli
in shear flows. Here, we use a high-resolution microprinting technique to fabricate microparticles with controlled and tunable chiral shape consisting of a spherical head and helical tails of various pitch and handedness. By observing the fully time-resolved dynamics of these microparticles in microfluidic channel flow, we gain valuable insights into chirality-induced orientation dynamics. Our experimental model system allows us to examine the effects of particle elongation, chirality, and head heaviness for different flow rates on the orientation dynamics, while minimizing the influence of Brownian noise. Through our model experiments, we demonstrate the existence of asymmetric bistability of the particle orientation perpendicular to the flow direction. We quantitatively explain the particle equilibrium orientations as a function of particle properties, initial conditions and flow rates, as well as the time-dependence of the reorientation dynamics through a theoretical model. The model parameters are determined using boundary element simulations, and excellent agreement with experiments is obtained without any adjustable parameters. Our findings lead to a better understanding of chiral particle transport and bacterial rheotaxis and might allow the development of targeted delivery applications.
Wine conceptualizing and lexicalization in Indo-European
languages
Authors: Fernandez Sanchez Eulalio
Published: October 2023

Translation and typological studies have traditionally evidenced
the significant prevalence of the lexeme ‘wine’ in most Indo-European-based
languages. The somehow universal presence of this term has been explained by
the insight provided by etymologists, linguists, historians, archaeologists
and anthropologists, amongst others. Such an interdisciplinary approach
unveils the complex network of factors required for understanding the
context in which this term was originated within a particular culture, at a
given time in history and how it became part of the lexicon of most
languages not only spoken in Europe, but also in other language families.
Based on that interdisciplinary evidence, it is possible to
ascertain when and how the term ‘wine’
arose and spread west and east all over Europe, Indo-Asia and down to the
north of Africa. Our contribution intends to broaden this approach by
introducing a new question, that is, why. Whether a single
process of conceptualizing originated in just one Indo-European language or
an analogous process resulting from a similar morphological process, the
lexicalization of ‘wine’ has proved successful. We will endeavour to explain
the reasons for that successful choice, which no doubt reveals that it was
not an arbitrary one but based on a socio-linguistic context that favoured
culturally the choice of an existing root and the lexicalization of
grammatical and phonological varieties in different Indo-European
languages.”
Background to enotourism
Authors: Rivas Carmona María del Mar
Published: October 2023

Oenological tourism as we know it today is deeply related to the
historical changes that took place in the first part of the 19th century,
affecting the processes of cultivation, production and trade of wine in
Spain. This work aims to provide a vision of wine and its sociocultural
environments through the gaze of the 19th century traveller Cyrus Redding.
Redding’s account is as documentary as it is literary, and his data provides
an invaluable source of information about the vineyards, the varieties of
grapes and wines, the processes of elaboration, production, packaging,
transport, and so many more relevant socio-cultural, historical and economic
issues related to wine. Of special interest to linguists and translators is
the contribution of an invaluable terminology database.
A new rolling bearing fault diagnoses method based on period-doubling bifurcation in the Hindmarsh–Rose model
Authors: Liu Yan , He Yiming , Zhang He , Xu Yeyin , Cheng Yulin
Published: October 2023

The Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) model is a three-dimensional oscillators susceptible to initial values, making it capable of amplifying even the slightest variations. On this basis, we proposed a rolling bearing fault identification method based on period-doubling bifurcation in the HR model and constructed a bearing fault experimental platform to validate our approach in this paper. Initially, we analyze the HR model’s bifurcation characteristics using the discrete mapping method to identify oscillators suitable for detecting bearing faults. We then select the multiplicative period bifurcation points of the HR model to differentiate between different types of bearing faults. Next, we decompose and reconstruct vibration signals using the Hilbert–Huang transform and calculate the amplitude characteristics of the fault frequency band as the input for the HR detection oscillator. Finally, bearing faults are identified based on the phase trajectory of period-doubling. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted between the proposed methodology and the employment of the empirical wavelet transform. Our approach presents a new perspective for utilizing nonlinear oscillators in bearing fault diagnosis.
Liquid film parameter measurement based on thermal distribution sensor in horizontal annular flow
Authors: Zhao Ning , Sun Mingcong , Zhang Tianyu , Pang Lili , Zhang Shuanzhu , Song Yajing , Liang Yujiao
Published: October 2023

Liquid film is an important carrier of mass and heat transfer in annular flow, and the parameter detection of which plays an important role in the energy metering of natural gas production processes and the safe and reliable operation of cooling and heating systems. In this paper, a liquid film velocity equation is derived based on the analysis of the heat balance equation between the liquid film and tube wall. According to the constant power principle, the thermal distributed flow measurement sensor is designed by using the multi-physical field coupling simulation technique According to the momentum balance equation of the Laurinat model, considering the pump mechanism of the disturbance wave and using magnitude comparison and stress balance, a liquid film thickness circumferential distribution model in the horizontal annular flow is proposed. Utilizing the model and designed sensor, the liquid film thickness of four locations (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) measurements are obtained for 64 horizontal annular flow conditions. Laboratory results indicate that the mean absolute percent error of the model is 32.66% and the 82.81% relative error is within the ±30% error band.
A critical comparative review of generalized gradient approximation: the ground state of Fe3Al as a test case
Authors: Všianská Monika , Friák Martin , Šob Mojmír
Published: October 2023

Quantum-mechanical calculations have become an indispensable tool for computational materials science due to their unprecedented versatility and reliability. Focusing specifically on the Density Functional Theory (DFT), the reliability of its numerous implementations was tested and verified mostly for pure elements. An extensive testing of binaries, ternaries and more-component phases is still rather rare due to a vast configurational space that is nearly infinite already for binaries. Importantly, there are well known cases of theoretical predictions contradicting experiments. In this paper, we analyze the failure of theory to reproduce correctly the ground state of the Fe3Al intermetallic compound. Namely, most exchange-correlation (xc) energies within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) predict this material in the L12 structure instead of the experimentally found D03 structure. We test the performance of 36 combinations of 6 different GGA parametrizations and 6 different Fe and Al potentials. These combinations are evaluated employing a multi-dimensional multi-criteria descriptor {

Δ
E

, a, {

μ

F
e

}, {C

ij
}} consisting of fundamental thermodynamic properties (energy difference

Δ
E

between the D03 and L12 structures), a structural aspect (lattice parameter a), electronic-structure related magnetic properties (local magnetic moments of Fe atoms {

μ

F
e

}) and elastic properties (a complete set of second-order elastic constants {C

ij
}). Considering the thermodynamic stability as the most critical aspect, we identify the Perdew–Wang (1991) GGA xc-functional parametrization as the optimum for describing the electronic structure of the Fe3Al compound.
Wellposedness for a (1+1)-dimensional wave equation with quasilinear boundary condition
Authors: Ohrem Sebastian , Reichel Wolfgang , Schnaubelt Roland
Published: October 2023

We consider the linear wave equation

V
(
x
)

u

t
t

(
x
,
t
)
−

u

x
x

(
x
,
t
)
=
0

on

[
0
,
∞
)
×
[
0
,
∞
)

with initial conditions and a nonlinear Neumann boundary condition

u
x

(
0
,
t
)
=
(
f
(

u
t

(
0
,
t
)
)

)
t

at x = 0. This problem is an exact reduction of a nonlinear Maxwell problem in electrodynamics. In the case where

f
:

R

→

R

is an increasing homeomorphism we study global existence, uniqueness and wellposedness of the initial value problem by the method of characteristics and fixed point methods. We also prove conservation of energy and momentum and discuss why there is no wellposedness in the case where f is a decreasing homeomorphism. Finally we show that previously known time-periodic, spatially localized solutions (breathers) of the wave equation with the nonlinear Neumann boundary condition at x = 0 have enough regularity to solve the initial value problem with their own initial data.
Laying the foundations of heliocentrism in primary school II: looking through the eyes of Galileo and Bessel
Authors: Pincelli M M , Formichella M Del C , Tolosa M F , Aires G Rodríguez , Otranto S
Published: October 2023

In this work, a didactic sequence for students with ages 9–10 that provides an experimental approach to the stellar parallax concept and revisits the events that humanity had to transit before the heliocentric model was accepted is introduced. This sequence complements our adaptation of the first observation attempted by Galileo to demonstrate the heliocentric hypothesis to be correct and that was specifically designed for ages 12–13. An experimental setup designed to mimic Bessel observations is also introduced in order to bridge the gap between the early attempt by Galileo and the present state of knowledge.
Visualizing the motion of a damped torsional oscillator using an optical lever
Authors: Singh Mamraj
Published: October 2023

This study aims to visualize the motion of an underdamped torsional oscillator using an optical lever. This involves employing an optical setup to magnify and measure the angular displacement of the torsional oscillator as it undergoes oscillations and damps over time. By analysing a video recording of an image of a filament formed by a concave mirror attached to the damped torsional oscillator, we observed an exponential decay in the time-averaged amplitude.
Measuring wavelength of laser beam using single slit diffraction: a simple but precise experiment using webcam and ImageJ software
Authors: Deb Dwaipayan , Chakrabarty Subhasish , Roy Choudhury Saumyadeep
Published: October 2023

We explore a precise method for determining the wavelength of light using a single-slit diffraction experiment. Normally, within a college level physics lab, an optical bench and a light detector arrangement is used in this experiment and the position of the maxima and minima are manually determined. This method is inaccurate, lengthy, and time consuming. We replace the light-detector by a paper-screen and webcam arrangement to record the image of the diffraction pattern with a computer. Then the recorded images are analysed with a software called ImageJ to determine the span of central maxima which is finally used to determine the wavelength of the incident light.
Line integrated density measurements on the Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus (VEST) using frequency sweep interferometer
Authors: Seo Seong-Heon , Wang J , Lee S J , Byun J H , Lee K D , Sung C , Hwang Y S
Published: October 2023

A frequency sweep interferometer (FSI) operating in the frequency range of 50–75 GHz is installed in the versatile experiment spherical torus spherical tokamak to measure the line integrated density (LID). FSI measures the time derivative of phase to calculate the group delay, which is proportional to the LID under the condition that the microwave frequency is much higher than the plasma frequency. Since the group delay is calculated from the time derivative of phase and the frequency sweep rate, FSI is very sensitive to the measurement noise. In the view point of signal processing, derivative exaggerates the measurement noise. Therefore, sophisticated techniques for phase measurement and frequency linearization are required to obtain meaningful results with FSI. The detailed techniques and the hardware setup are explained in the paper. The LID measured by FSI is benchmarked with the LID measured by a conventional 94 GHz heterodyne interferometer. The two measurements agree well. A conventional interferometer can no longer provide LID when severe phase errors occur. This is because phase errors propagate to subsequent measurements. However, FSI provides LID during the entire discharge time successfully regardless of frequent measurement failure because the LID is obtained in FSI from the time derivative of phase rather than the phase. In this sense, FSI is suitable as a diagnostics for steady state plasmas. The main cause for the phase errors is identified as the beam path displacement due to the refraction of the plasma.
Green synthesis of silver nano particles using Dracaena Trifasciata plant extract and comparison of fatty acids and amides capping agents
Authors: Ain Qurat Ul , Alkadi Muath , Munir Junaid , Qaid Saif M H , Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed Ali
Published: October 2023

Green synthesis of NPs evades many of the deleterious aspects by permitting the synthesis of nanoparticles at relatively low temperatures, pH and pressure, all at a significantly lower cost and short time. A bottom-up approach is used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles formed due to the reduction of silver ions because of the existence of the phytochemicals contained in the Dracaena Trifasciata plant extract, which is primarily used for the study of green synthesis. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, UV–vis spectroscopy, and Fast Fourier Infrared spectroscopy characteristic techniques are used to analyze the nature of the silver nanoparticles formed by the green synthesis method. To prevent the over-growth of silver nanoparticles and avoid their aggregation, one fatty acids based and one amides based capping agent has been used for the comparison purpose for the preservation of the silver nanoparticles in term of shape, size and coagulation, which is a novel study. Amides interacted with the silver nanoparticles via electrostatic interactions which result in strong stabilization compared to the fatty acids which make van der wall interactions with the surface of the nanoparticles but for bio compatibility and environmentally friendly applications, fatty acid based capping agent can be preferred as these NPs are also suitable for the use in the field of medicine and pharmaceuticals.
The calculation of ro-vibrational energies, franck-condon factors and r-centroids for Yttrium/Scandium oxides in D-dimension
Authors: Taş Ahmet
Published: October 2023

The spectroscopic data as ro-vibrational energy values, Franck-Condon Factors and r-centroids are obtained for Yttrium/Scandium oxides with (B
2Σ+, X
2Σ+) different electronic states. Ro-vibrational energy values are calculated by bound state solution of the Schrödinger equation for the general molecular potential by applying Pekeris-type approximation to the centrifugal term in D-dimensional. Using these solutions, the relation giving the bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions expression are derived. The Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids values are determined by using Fraser-Jarmain method for the B
2Σ+ → X
2Σ+ electronic transitions in both molecules. All the results obtained are given numerically in the tables. The obtained values are compared with the previously get data in the literature and it is seen that the results are consistent.
Growth and characterization of Bi(110)/CrTe2 heterostructures: Exploring interplay between magnetism and topology
Authors: Yuan 袁 Zhenyu 震宇 , Yang 杨 Fazhi 发枝 , Lv 吕 Baiqing 佰晴 , Huang 黄 Yaobo 耀波 , Qian 钱 Tian 天 , Xu 徐 Jinpeng 金朋 , Ding 丁 Hong 洪
Published: October 2023

The interplay between topology and magnetism is vital for realizing exotic quantum phenomena, significant examples including quantum anomalous Hall effect, axion insulators, and high-order topological states. These states host great potential for future applications in high-speed and low-consumption electronic devices. Despite being extensively investigated, practical platforms are still scarce. In this work, with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), we provide the first experimental report on high-quality Bi(110)/CrTe2 magnetic heterostructure. By employing in-situ high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy, we are able to examine the interaction between magnetism and topology. There is a potential edge state at an energy level above the Fermi level, but no edge states observed near the Fermi level The absence of high-order topological corner states near E
F highlights the importance of lattice matching and interface engineering in designing high-order topological states. Our study provides key insights into the interplay between two-dimensional magnetic and topological materials and offers an important dimension for engineering magnetic topological states.
Neutrino-Axion Couplings and the neutrino-mass
Authors: Civitarese O.
Published: October 2023

The Peccei and Quinn axions are low-mass pseudo-scalar neutral bosons whose existence was proposed to explain for the spontaneous breaking of the CP invariance in the early Universe. In the minimal (SU(2)
left
⊗ U(1)) version of the leptonic sector of the electroweak lagrangian flavor neutrinos are massive. They are described as linear combinations of neutrino mass eigenstates and they oscillates between flavor states. However the mass mechanism which gives their masses is still unknown. In this talk we discuss a possible mechanism to explain for non-zero neutrino masses, which is based on the treatment of neutrino-axion interactions.
Dynamics in Nuclei
Authors: Aprahamian Ani , Lesher Shelly R. , Lee Kevin
Published: October 2023

The nucleus is a complex many-body system with some remarkable emergent collective properties of multiple nucleons acting together. Bohr and Mottelson [1] provided a description of collective motion in nuclei based on geometrical shapes with superimposed oscillations around those shapes. Later, Lie algebras and symmetries were used to describe nuclear dynamics [2], followed by advances in the shell model approach [3] with new effective nucleon-nucleon two- and three-body interactions, and more recently with Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximations within the extended generator coordinate method [4]. Yet, the underlying science question has remained the same. In nuclei, where there is explicit deformation in the ground state, “are the low-lying 0+ states collective vibrations built on the ground state or are they minima of a coexisting shape?” Ref. [4] has shown that for a significant percentage of K = 0+ excitations built on the deformed ground state (g.s.) should, in fact, be a collective vibration. The question has remained open due to sufficiently convincing experimental data with lifetimes, transfer reaction cross sections, and E0 transitions [5]. This paper summarizes the experimental situation regarding the lifetimes of 0+ states.
Analysis of α + 16O elastic scattering in the semi-microscopical dispersive optical model
Authors: Gomez-Rivera S. , Belyaeva T. L.
Published: October 2023

We study the elastic scattering cross sections of the α +16O system at 49.5, 69.5, and 80.7 MeV using the optical potentials calculated in the framework of the semi-microscopical dispersive optical model. In this model, the optical potential contains an energy-independent part calculated in the double folding model with a realistic effective nucleon-nucleon interaction, as well as an energy-dependent dynamic polarization potential, the parameters of which are adjusted to the data. The parameters of the real and imaginary parts of the dynamic polarization potential are connected by the dispersion relations.
Investigating the Primordial Universe through nuclear physics
Authors: Pizzone R.G. , Spampinato C. , Sergi M.L. , Spartá R. , Zanatta-Martinez T. ,   ASFIN collaboration
Published: October 2023

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) requires several nuclear physics inputs and nuclear reaction rates. An up-to-date compilation of direct cross sections of is given, being these ones among the most uncertain bare-nucleus cross sections. A particular attention is devoted to recently indirectly measured cross-section which give important hints for the nuclear astrophysics community.

In reality, a significant experimental effort has been made over the past 10 years to explore reactions important to the BBN and determine their astrophysical S(E)-factor using the Trojan Horse Method (THM). Then, numerical calculations are made in the relevant temperature ranges for BBN (0.01<T9 <10) to determine the reaction rates and the relative error for the four reactions of interest. The effects of these values on the calculated primordial abundances and isotopical composition for H, He, and Li were then assessed by using them as input physics for computations of primordial nucleosynthesis. Additionally, recent findings regarding the 7Be(n,alpha)4He reaction rate were taken into consideration. These were put up against estimates of primordial abundance derived from observation at various astrophysical places. Additionally, perspectives on reactions will be examined.
Applying fully convolutional networks for beam profile and emittance measurements
Authors: Zhu Wenchao , Wei Zhengyu , Liang Yu , Xie Chunjie , Lu Ping , Lu Yalin , Wang Lin , Li Haohu , Zhou Zeran
Published: October 2023

The transverse cross-sectional size and emittance are
critical beam parameters that characterize the performance of the
accelerator and assess the state of the beam. Inspired by the
success of machine learning in image processing tasks, we have
crafted a bespoke measurement system with a primary focus on
accurately determine the transverse cross-sectional size and
emittance of the beam. The system utilizes a beam spot detector to
convert the beam spot to a light spot image, which is then projected
onto the CCD camera through the telecentric lens for the
acquisition. The image data collected by the camera is subsequently
imported into the EPICS database developed based on ADAravis
software. We employ the Gaussian fitting technique on the collected
images to accurately calculate the cross-sectional size of the
beam. Furthermore, by incorporating the four-level iron scanning
method, the lateral emittance of the beam is calculated in a
comprehensive manner. To suppress the salt and pepper noise
introduced due to the presence of dark current and beam shooting
phenomena on the transmission line, we propose a novel fully
convolutional neural network (FCN) design with preactivated residual
units. The test conducted at HLS-II confirms that the measurement
uncertainty of this system is superior to 27.5 μm. Moreover,
when operating at an electron beam energy of 800 MeV, the measured
emittance of the accelerator is found to be 38.515 nm·rad, a
value closely aligning with the theoretical value of
36.2 nm·rad. These compelling results provide strong evidence
supporting the reliability of the emittance measurement algorithm,
making it suitable for deployment in the forthcoming terahertz
accelerator.
Construction and measurement of the prototype side-coupled standing-wave tube for electron Linac
Authors: Zarei Sara , Ghasemi Farshad , Sanaye Hajari Shahin , Aghayan Mahdi , Shirshekan Mahyar , Hasanpour Oveis , Abbasi Davani Fereydoun , Lamehi Rachti Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Due to Iran's growing need for accelerators in various
applications, NSTRI (Nuclear Science and Technology Research
Institute) has defined a 6 MeV e-Linac (electron linear
accelerator) project for medical and inspection applications. This
electron accelerator has a side-coupled standing wave tube that
operates in π/2 mode at the frequency of 2998.5 MHz. This paper
presents a summary of the construction and cold test stage of the
prototype tube for this accelerator. The prototype tube was
constructed from aluminum and clamped with bolts.In the cold test
stage, low-power RF measurements werecarried out using a
side-coupled cavity tuning method and a bead-pull measurement
technique. Using a network analyzer, magnetic and electric probes,
and a mechanical structure constructed for this tube made the RF
tuning possible. After tuning, the resonant frequency, unloaded
quality factor, and effective shunt impedance of the aluminum tube
were achieved at 2998.57 MHz, 7970, and 83.25 MΩ/m
respectively.
Effects of an external electric field on one-phonon resonant and electron Raman scattering in a semiconductor quantum wire
Authors: Betancourt-Riera Re , Betancourt-Riera Ri , Ferrer-Moreno L A , Fernandez Lozada Maricela , Riera R
Published: October 2023

In this work, the influence of an external electric field is studied in two cases: one-phonon resonant Raman scattering and one-phonon electron Raman scattering, processes that occur in a semiconductor quantum wire with cylindrical symmetry and finite potential barriers. Where we have considered that the electric field is homogeneous and transversal to the system axis. To carry out this study, we obtain a mathematical expression for the differential cross-section for both Raman processes, where for one-phonon resonant Raman scattering, intra-band and inter-band optical transitions are considered, while for one-phonon electron Raman scattering, only intra-band optical transitions are considered. Therefore, to determine the electronic states, we use a valid model when the electric field is weak with respect to confinement. In the case of the Fröhlich electron–phonon interaction, we use a model in which the oscillation modes are completely confined, a model that was developed within the framework of a macroscopic continuum model. Then, the singularities present in the Raman spectra and the effect of the electric field on their position and intensity are analyzed. Finally, how the electric field affects the electron–phonon interaction and the selection rules for optical transitions in a semiconductor quantum wire with cylindrical symmetry are shown.
Optimum NPSZn blended fertilizer formulation on yield and yield components of barley at EndaMokeni district, tigray
Authors: Gebreslassie Hagos Brhane , Tefera Sofonyas Dargie , Hadgu Fisseha , Mehari Tsigabu , Teka Mola Hadis , Berhe Daniel
Published: October 2023

Field studies were done in the EndaMokeni district to see the effects of blended NPSZn levels on barley yield and yield components. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven blended NPSZn levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 kg ha−1) and a general recommendation of nitrogen and phosphorus as 8th treatment in three replications. The output of the result depicted that barley yields improved as blended levels increased, and the maximum grain yield was attained at 300 kg/ha even though it was statistically similar with 100 and 250 levels. Additionally, the straw and grain yields achieved from applying the recommended NP were statistically comparable with 250 kg/ha NPSZn levels. However, the NPSZn blend’s phosphorus levels (150–250 kg ha−1) are significantly greater than those of the recommended NP. Moreover, the highest agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity were also obtained at NP fertilizer as compared with the increasing NPSZn rates. Hence, the mixing of S and Zn to the conventional NP in the current formulation had no impact on the barley’s grain and straw yields as compared to the conventional NP fertilizer. In this regard, N and P are the most barley yield- limiting nutrients in the EndaMokeni district. Additionally, adding Zn to the blending didn’t increase the barley grain’s Zn concentration. According to the results of the partial budget analysis study, the marginal rate of return was increasing up to 300 kg/ha NPSZn levels. Hence, further blending formulation is important for the potential yield production of food barley in the area.
The effect of NK3-Saporin injection within the arcuate nucleus on puberty, the LH surge, and the response to Senktide in female sheep
Authors: Aerts Eliana G , Griesgraber Max J , Shuping Sydney L , Bowdridge Elizabeth C , Hardy Steven L , Goodman Robert L , Nestor Casey C , Hileman Stanley M
Published: October 2023

The timing of puberty onset is reliant on increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This elicits a corresponding increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) due to a lessening of sensitivity to the inhibitory actions of estradiol (E2). The mechanisms underlying the increase in GnRH release likely involve a subset of neurons within the arcuate (ARC) nucleus of the hypothalamus that contain kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin (KNDy neurons). We aimed to determine if KNDy neurons in female sheep are critical for: timely puberty onset; the LH surge; and the response to an intravenous injection of the neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) agonist, senktide. Prepubertal ewes received injections aimed at the ARC containing blank-saporin (control, n = 5) or NK3-saporin (NK3-SAP, n = 6) to ablate neurons expressing NK3R. Blood samples taken 3/week for 65 days following surgery were assessed for progesterone to determine onset of puberty. Control ewes exhibited onset of puberty at 33.2 ± 3.9 days post sampling initiation, whereas 5/6 NK3-SAP treated ewes didn’t display an increase in progesterone. After an artificial LH surge protocol, surge amplitude was lower in NK3-SAP ewes. Finally, ewes were treated with senktide to determine if an LH response was elicited. LH pulses were evident in both groups in the absence of injections, but the response to senktide vs saline was similar between groups. These results show that KNDy cells are necessary for timely puberty onset and for full expresson of the LH surge. The occurrence of LH pulses in NK3-SAP treated ewes may indicate a recovery from an apulsatile state.