bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CİNSEL SAPMA TEŞKİL EDEN ZİHİNSEL BOZUKLUKLARIN (PARAFİLİLERİN) FAİLİN KUSUR YETENEĞİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: YILDIZ Mehmet Emre
Published: April 2022

Değişik ruhsal bozuklukları içeren cinsel yönelim bozuklukları (parafilik bozukluklar), ceza hukukunda kusur yeteneğinin değerlendirilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu bozuklukların etkisiyle oluşan failin dürtü kontrolünü gerçekleştirememesi ya da davranışlarını kontrolde zorlanması gibi hususlar konunun kusur yeteneği ile ilişkisini ortaya koymaktadır. Failin bu ruhsal bozuklukların etkisiyle suç teşkil eden bir fiili işlemesi durumunda kusur yeteneği hakkında nasıl karar verileceğinin tartışılması gerekmektedir. Bu tartışmalar sonucunda nihai kararı verecek olan mahkeme kusur yeteneğinin etkilenmemiş olduğuna, azalmış kusur yeteneği bulunduğuna ya da kusur yeteneğinin bulunmadığına karar verecektir. Kusur yeteneği hakkında olması gerektiği şekilde karar verilebilmesi için adli psikiyatri bilirkişisi ile nihai kararı verecek olan mahkeme arasında yakın bir iletişim ilişkisinin kurulması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada cinsel yönelim bozukluklarının türleri açısından failin kusur yeteneğinin adli psikiyatrik ve hukuki açıdan nasıl değerlendirilmesi gerektiği tartışılmaktadır.
Optimum design calculation of eggs incubator
Authors: Al-Zaidi Ali
Published: April 2022

This study was achieved to find an optimum design for eggs incubator where the resources of this field is very limited.  The most important factors were putted forward including the dimensions of each element. The energy required in operation periods was calculated. Where the operation time consists of two periods (the first period takes 17 days and the second period from the 18th day to the 21 day).  The results shown an excellent efficiency, however, some eggs were failed due to some physiology justifications. Some of eggs were taken longer time to hatch due to long storage time or the eggs were in a bigger size.
Open Learning as a Means of Advancing Social Justice: Cases in Post-School Education and Training in South Africa
Authors: Mayisela Tabisa , Govender Shanali C. , Hodgkinson-Williams Cheryl Ann
Published: April 2022

This volume investigates the uptake of ‘open learning’ in South African Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges and higher education institutions. Comprised of 16 studies focused on activities at a range of colleges and universities across the country, these chapters aim to promote a better understanding of open learning practices across the Post-School Education and Training (PSET) sector, including issues such as: recognition of prior learning, access for students with disabilities, work integrated learning, professional development, novel student funding mechanisms, leadership for open educational practices, institutional culture, student support, blended and online learning, flexible learning, online assessment, open educational resource development models and funding, and micro-credentials.

This collection of peer-reviewed chapters contributes to understanding the ways in which South African PSET institutions and educators are interpreting ‘open learning’ as a means of advancing social justice. It includes a historical and contemporary understanding of the economic, cultural and political obstacles facing PSET, drawing on Nancy Fraser’s theory of social justice as ‘participatory parity’ to better understand the ways in which ‘open learning’ may address systemic social injustices in order to allow South African students and educators to thrive.

This volume emerges from research conducted by the Cases on Open Learning (COOL) project, an initiative by the Department of Higher Education and Training in partnership with the Centre for Innovation in Learning and Teaching (CILT) at the University of Cape Town (UCT) in South Africa.
PEST MONITORING ON PLANTS LONG BEANS (VIGNA UNGUICULATA L)
Authors: Prasetio Bambang , Sitorus Teguh Akbar , Ikhromi Jalali , Ambiya Fachri , Al-Ayuby Syafiq , Hidayat Taufik , Mahendra Dimas
Published: April 2022

Peanut long has Mark commercial tall and have a very big role in fulfilling need food nutrition society, especially to vegetable protein requirements. Plant this could grow and produce with good want characteristic physical loose soil, depth soil enough in To increase productivity farmer vegetable peanuts long do control pest with depending on spraying insecticide synthetic because considered more effective and efficient in its use. The aim of this research is for knowing type pests found in gardens long beans in the area Plantation Village of the District of Young Development North Batu Labuan. Result observation could be used as a base in taking control action pests by farmers. The observation was done on tana man peanut in the village of plantations in the district of Membang Muda Labuhan Batu Utara from April until June 2021. Map observed sample of 1x1 m. Observation conducted with use monitoring method. Observation data is noted every week. The result from this observation obtained that pests on plants long beans observed in the Plantation Village of Membang Muda District Labuhan Batu Utara is an aphid Aphids croccivora, and caterpillars borer Maruca testicular. Average attack both 0.83 and 5. Population pest most in the area there is caterpillar borer Maruca testicular. Pest Control Measures could be conducted with spraying chemicals or technical culture. Pest monitoring urgent conducted as base taking decision technical control.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE OS IMPACTOS DO COVID-19 NO SETOR MINERAL
Authors: Giese Ellen Cristine
Published: April 2022

A emergência da COVID-19 evidenciou a importância da atividade minerária às indústrias de bens e serviços no mundo globalizado. Declarada como Emergência de Saúde Pública em janeiro de 2020 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), a pandemia do COVID-19 tem desafiado as autoridades sanitárias, que buscaram a interrupção da transmissão da doença através de medidas de isolamento social gerando a interrupção das cadeias de suprimentos globais. No primeiro semestre de 2020, todos os setores econômicos foram impactados diante do cenário de incerteza da economia global, incluindo o setor mineral e as demandas por metais críticos. Realizamos uma breve reflexão sobre as mudanças de comportamento e consumo durante a crise do COVID-19 e seus impactos no setor mineral, incluindo os principais desafios do “novo normal” e o setor de minerais estratégicos.
AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF DELTA WING AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER USING COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS
Authors: Reddy C Manoj Kumar , MANNE DIVYASUNDER , Tirumallasetti Nisha
Published: April 2022

The delta wing is best known for their contribution to stability and also, they have high structural advantages compared to other wings. Till now the delta wing has been used mostly in high speed or high Reynolds number flows. But no one concentrated on the low Reynolds number flows, here we have analyzed the flow at Re = 100000. Since we have taken the case of this Reynolds number range, the results obtained can be utilized in designing the Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) which are mostly designed for the range of Reynolds number Re = 10000 to 100000. We have obtained Cl vs alpha and Cl/Cd vs alpha graphs using computational simulations. We used the CATIA software for designing the wing, it is a conceptual design based on delta wing and analyzed using XFLR 5 for ideal flows, here we used vortex lattice method – ring vortex method and ANSYS fluent software for realistic flows. We used Gamma – Re theta SST transition model for calculations in Ansys Fluent. We have expected CL to be start with smaller values and higher at higher angles of attack since, the delta wings have Low aspect ratio and also they have sweep back which induces leading edge vortices. But the Cl/Cd values will be at their minimum only.
En la ruta hacia 100% energía renovable, Los estados pueden liderar una transición energética equitativa
Authors: Garcia Paula , Massie Ashtin , Saunders Vial Bridget , Sitko Edyta , Gignac James , Rogers John , Walkey John , Hernández Marco , Sattler Sandra , Sathia Sital , Lopez Gamboa Verónica
Published: April 2022

La energía renovable puede proporcionar el 100% de la electricidad que consumen los estados líderes para el año 2035, incluso ante un aumento en la demanda energética a causa de la electrificación en el sector transporte y la calefacción, según un análisis realizado por la Unión de Científicos Conscientes (o UCS, por sus siglas en inglés) junto con las organizaciones Michigan Environmental Justice Coalition, COPAL y GreenRoots. La sustitución de la generación de electricidad de las centrales eléctricas de carbón y gas por energías renovables disminuye las emisiones de agentes contaminantes del aire, lo que representaría una reducción de entre 6.000 y 13.000 muertes prematuras y evitaría 700.000 días de trabajo perdidos entre los años 2022 y 2040. Esta transición también crea miles de puestos de trabajo, reduce la carga económica de energía de los hogares y disminuye significativamente las emisiones de gases que atrapan el calor el calor en la atmósfera.1 Las principales recomendaciones del análisis se enfocan en dejar de usar rápidamente los combustibles fósiles y aumentar la inversión en energías renovables, además de garantizar que los beneficios de la transición lleguen a las comunidades más afectadas por el racismo ambiental y la contaminación, y a los trabajadores y las comunidades que dependen de los combustibles fósiles. Aunque las acciones a nivel estatal no pueden sustituir al liderazgo nacional, estas son cruciales para lograr un futuro energético limpio y equitativo.
Thrombolytic treatment for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Brown Allen K
Published: April 2022

Thrombolytic treatment is the greatest advance in the management of acute myocardial infarction since the introduction of the defibrillator over 25 years ago. The purpose of this article is to give a balanced view of the evidence for the value of thrombolysins in acute myocardial infarction, and to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of the different agents which are available. We need to decide which drug to use, who should administer the treatment and which patients should receive thrombolytic therapy. We also need to consider the value of adjuncts such as treatment with aspirin, heparin and the use of coronary angioplasty.
Psoriasis
Authors: Harrison Philip V.
Published: April 2022

The origin of the word is probably from the Greek PSORA (to itch), even though psoriasis is not universally itchy. Older texts possibly confused leprosy and other skin disorders with the disease but psoriasis is not infectious. Psoriasis is a papulo-squamous condition characterised by certain clinical features.
Hemşirelerde İkincil Travmatik Stres ve Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: KELLE DİKBAŞ Şerife , OKANLI Ayşe
Published: April 2022

Giriş: Meslekleri dolayısıyla ikincil travmatik stres yaşayan hemşirelerin stresle başa çıkma becerileri etkilenmektedir. Hemşirelerde, İkincil travmatik stres stresle etkili başa çıkma becerilerinin kaybına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum hemşirelerin hem mesleki hem de özel yaşantılarında ciddi sorunlara neden olmaktadır.Amaç: Hemşirelerin stresle başa çıkma tarzları ile ikincil travmatik stres arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel olarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul’ da bir devlet hastanesinde aktif olarak çalışan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 119 hemşire oluşturdu. Araştırma verileri, “Sosyodemografik ve Mesleki Bilgi Formu”, “İkincil Travmatik Stres Ölçeği” ve “Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplandı. Veri analizi, SPSS 25.0 programında tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak yapıldı.Bulgular: Hemşirelerin “İkincil Travmatik Stres” puanı ile “Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği Çaresiz Yaklaşım” alt boyutu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde pozitif yönde bir ilişki, ‘‘Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği’’ alt boyutlarından İyimser Yaklaşım ve Kendine Güvenli Yaklaşım ile negatif yönde bir ilişki belirlendi (p<0,05).Sonuç: İkincil travmatik stres yaşayan hemşirelerin stresle başa çıkma becerilerinin olumsuz yönde etkilendiği belirlendi.
Ventajas del Marketing Digital en el sector comercial de Ecuador, en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala. Ecuador, RENGEL Manuel D. , SUCONOTA Diego G. ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala. Ecuador, MOSCOSO Ana E. ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala. Ecuador
Published: April 2022

La investigación tiene por objetivo establecer las ventajas del marketing digital a las empresas, este estudio es relevante por la implicancia que tiene esta herramienta digital en tiempos de COVID-19. La investigación es bibliográfica basada en artículos científicos. Se concluye que la pandemia trajo cambios en la población mundial incidiendo en el comportamiento consumista, el marketing digital es una de las estrategias utilizadas que a más de llegar a muchos usuarios, eleva los niveles de rentabilidad para las empresas.
Chemical Pretreatment on Flower Waste to Enhance the Production of Biogas through Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Dr. Lakshmi C  , Dr. Prasad CSMV  , Dr. Vijayalakshmi  , Dr. Manjunath H N
Published: April 2022

Flowers are extensively used in many occasions in our country irrespective of auspicious or inauspicious functions. It is also adding to another biodegradable waste. But the improper disposal is causing pollution to environment. The same if used effectively will be converted into bioenergy that can find many applications further. Survey was conducted in Kengeri area for the number of temples, party halls, and market areas for producing flower waste. The amount of flower waste collected is estimated. The specific species of flower was taken for experimental study, knowing the species of flower waste it was tested for various parameters such as pH, temperature, moisture content, alkalinity, chloride, carbon and nitrogen ratio, BOD and COD. After obtaining the results for above parameters, sample was taken for pretreatment of physical, chemical Pretreatment and further subjecting to anaerobic decomposition. The investigation was undertaken to find out the biogas production potential of flower waste coming out from temples by building. Laboratory scale digesters of22L capacity and fed with flower waste with physical pretreatment. The waste was digested for retention period of 35 day under batch fed system at total solid concentration of 8 %( w/v) and constant temperature of 32±2°C. The optimum quantity of flower waste inoculums and water was used. The chemical pretreatment with NaOH (0.3N) as alkaline and HCL (0.2) as acid were given and after grinding it was added in the digestion process to enhance biogas production. The pressure of biogas is measured and the concentration of methane gas is determined by the gas chromatographer.
Fruit Categorization and Quality Maintenance with Disease Detection using Machine Learning
Authors: Prof. Yogesh Shivaji Sapnar  , Tanaya Patil Badadhe  , Piyali Hemant Ingale  , Suraj Maruti Kale
Published: April 2022

Diseases in fruit cause devastating problem in economic losses and production in agricultural industry worldwide. In this paper, an adaptive approach for the identification of fruit diseases is proposed and experimentally validated. The image processing based proposed approach is composed of the following main steps; in the first step K-Means clustering technique is used for the defect segmentation, in the second step some state of the art features are extracted from the segmented image, and finally images are classified into one of the classes by using a Multi-class Support Vector Machine. We have considered diseases of apple as a test case and evaluated our approach for three types of apple diseases namely apple scab, apple blotch and apple rot. Our experimental results express that the proposed solution can significantly support accurate detection and automatic identification of fruit diseases. The classification accuracy for the proposed solution is achieved up to 93%.
Cognitive Radio Resource Scheduling using Multi-Agent Q-Learning for LTE
Authors: N. Sirhan Najem , Martinez-Ramon Manel
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we propose, implement, and test two novel downlink LTE scheduling algorithms. The implementation and testing of these algorithms were in Matlab, and they are based on the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL), more specifically, the Q-learning technique for scheduling two types of users. The first algorithm is called a Collaborative scheduling algorithm, and the second algorithm is called a Competitive scheduling algorithm. The first type of the scheduled users is the Primary Users (PUs), and they are the licensed subscribers that pay for their service. The second type of the scheduled users is the Secondary Users (SUs), and they could be un-licensed subscribers that don't pay for their service, device-to-device communications, or sensors. Each user whether it’s a primary or secondary is considered as an agent. In the Collaborative scheduling algorithm, the primary user agents will collaborate in order to make a joint scheduling decision about allocating the resource blocks to each one of them, then the secondary user agents will compete among themselves to use the remaining resource blocks. In the Competitive scheduling algorithm, the primary user agents will compete among themselves over the available resources, then the secondary user agents will compete among themselves over the remaining resources. Experimental results show that both scheduling algorithms converged to almost 90% utilization of the spectrum, and provided fair shares of the spectrum among users.
A Proposed Fuzzy Logic Approach for Conserving the Energy of Data Transmission in the Temperature Monitoring Systems of the Internet of Things
Authors: Elqeblawy Noha , Mohammed Ammar , A.Hefny Hesham
Published: April 2022

One of the primary challenges facing the Internet of Things is the reservation and efficient consumption of energy resources, especially in those types of applications that require continuous monitoring or suffer from lacking ongoing energy resources. Despite this, the indoor temperature and humidity monitoring systems are unconcerned about the insignificant amount of energy consumed during critical times when sending unimportant or useless data to the control room’s servers. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based approach for reducing the amount of energy spent in indoor temperature and humidity monitoring systems by filtering data that is sent to servers based on several surrounding circumstances such as time of data recording and current energy consumption amount while maintaining constant monitoring. The experimental results on the Appliances Energy Prediction dataset show that the proposed fuzzy-based approach successfully reduces energy consumption in temperature and humidity monitoring systems by 11.8%.
Hybridized Model for Data Security Based on Security Hash Analysis (SHA 512) and Salting Techniques
Authors: Aranuwa Felix , Olubodun Ford , Akinwumi David
Published: April 2022

High-profile security breaches and attacks on many organization’s database have been on the increase and the consequences of this, are the adverse effect on the organizations in terms of financial loss and reputation. Many of the security breaches has been ascribed to the vulnerability of the organization’s networks, security policy and operations. Additionally, the emerging technology solutions like Internet-ofThings (IoT), Artificial Intelligence, and Cloud Computing, has extremely exposed many of the organizations to different forms of cyber-threats and attacks. Researchers and system designers have made attempts to proffer solution to some of these challenges. However, the efficacy of the techniques remains a great concern due to insufficient control mechanisms. For instance, many of the techniques are majorly based on a single mode encryption techniques which are not too robust to withstand the threats and attacks on organization’s database. To proffer solution to these challenges, the current research designed and integrated a hybridized data security model based on Secured Hash Analysis (SHA 512) and Salting Techniques to enhance the adeptness of the existing techniques. The Hash Analysis algorithm was used to map the data considered to a bit string of a fixed length and salt was added to the password strings essentially to hide its real hash value. The idea of adding salt to the end of the password is basically to complicate the password cracking process. The hybridized model was implemented in Windows environment using python 3.7 IDE platform and tested on a dedicated Local Area Network (LAN) that was exposed to threats from both internal and external sources. The results from the test show that the model performed well in terms of efficiency and robustness to attacks. The performance of the new model recorded a high level of improvement over the existing techniques with a recital of 97.6%.
Escola de Pacientes e as tecnologias de educação em saúde
Authors: Rolim Estêvão Cubas , Souza Brandon Vidal De , Teles Lucas Carvalho Souza , Moura Luana , Silva Gabriel Raimundo de Oliveira , Silva Diego Torres , Drago Marina Coleta , Seródio André Luís Moreira , Silva Murillo Nasser Rayol da , Sandoval Letícia Assad Maia
Published: April 2022

Este livro representa um conjunto singular de vivências, compartilhamentos e aprendizados marcantes. É, ao mesmo tempo, registro dos avanços de sonhossementes plantados por décadas, e plantio de sonhos-sementes das próximas décadas que virão. É um marco na caminhada rítmica de avanços, conquistasdesafios, alegrias-agonias - seja no aspecto humano, no familiar e no social, no do serviço de saúde, na medicina, na docência, na preceptoria, na tutoria, na pesquisa. Avanços esses no aspecto real e onírico. A metodologia ativa ganha força e brilho progressivo na estratégia Escola de Pacientes. Essa sendo pilar fundamental para as abordagens individuais quanto nas coletivas. Dinâmicas de ensino-aprendizagem, atendimento, orientações, vídeos explicativos, feedbacks, gráficos, enquetes, conversas, mensagens, salas físicas e virtuais. Todos esses aspectos aqui apresentados. Quando colocados em palavras, torna-se, ao mesmo tempo, tão singelo e tão importante... Espero que a leitura seja tão rica quanto a escrita! Fica, aqui, documentada minha gratidão pela caminhada em conjunto e o otimismo para as próximas etapas vividas em comunidade. Ao revisar as páginas, ao ajustar os últimos detalhes, ao entregar nossa melhor versão - aí já está a saudade do que passou, a alegria do que ficou e as sementes do que será. Vamos em frente!
Las piraguas de La Marmotta, auténtica ingeniería para navegar por el Mediterráneo durante la expansión neolítica
Authors: Mineo Mario , Gibaja Juan F. , Caruso Fermé Laura , Cubas Miriam , Remolins Gerard , Mazzucco Niccolò
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo tiene como eje discursivo la información publicada sobre dos de las cinco piraguas neolíticas documentadas en el asentamiento neolítico de La Marmotta (Anguillara Sabazia, Lazio, Italia), y como este hallazgo puede darnos nuevos datos sobre la navegación y la expansión neolítica por el Mediterráneo. Se trata de un yacimiento excepcional, pues el hecho de hallarse en el fondo del Lago di Bracciano ha permitido que se conservaran extraordinarios restos bióticos. Las características de estas piraguas, así como del conjunto de elementos navales asociados, nos demuestran que estamos ante sociedades complejas en su organización social, con unos conocimientos tecnológicos difícilmente imaginables. Conocer La Marmotta es comprender mucho mejor las sociedades neolíticas y el éxito de su expansión. Sin duda conocían muy bien la navegación y el mar Mediterráneo. De lo contrario es difícil suponer cómo iniciaron su diáspora hace unos 10000 años BC desde Próximo Oriente y llegaron a las costas portuguesas hacia el 5400 BC. Domesticaron las plantas y los animales, y revolucionaron todo el espectro técnico que, gracias a yacimientos como La Marmotta, podemos evaluar. Sin duda, somos los herederos de aquellas sociedades.
Un port global en l’era del vapor: l’ampliació de la xarxa comercial de Barcelona i la integració dels mercats mundials (1860-1895)
Authors: Badenes Escudero Carles
Published: April 2022

Aquest article estudia la transformació de la xarxa comercial del port de Barcelona durant les dècades centrals de la primera globalització (1860-1895): un període marcat per la consolidació de la industrialització, la transició de la vela al vapor i la modernització del port. En concret, s’analitza el creixement i diversificació geogràfica de la xarxa importadora. S’estudien les noves regions d’origen dels tràfics i la seva inserció en els mercats mundials a partir dels canvis socioeconòmiques que experimentaren de les transformacions en les xarxes del comerç internacional. Així mateix, es valor el paper de la revolució dels transport en l’establiment d’aquestes noves relacions comercials.
Investigation of spaceborne trace gas products over St Petersburg and Yekaterinburg, Russia, by using COllaborative Column Carbon Observing Network (COCCON) observations
Authors: Alberti Carlos , Tu Qiansi , Hase Frank , Makarova Maria V. , Gribanov Konstantin , Foka Stefani C. , Zakharov Vyacheslav , Blumenstock Thomas , Buchwitz Michael , Diekmann Christopher , Ertl Benjamin , Frey Matthias M. , Imhasin Hamud Kh. , Ionov Dmitry V. , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Osipov Sergey I. , Reuter Maximilian , Schneider Matthias , Warneke Thorsten
Published: April 2022

Abstract. This work employs ground- and space-based observations, together
with model data, to study columnar abundances of atmospheric trace gases
(XH2O, XCO2, XCH4 and XCO) in two high-latitude Russian cities, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. Two portable COllaborative Column
Carbon Observing Network (COCCON) spectrometers were used for continuous
measurements at these locations during 2019 and 2020. Additionally, a subset of data of special interest (a strong gradient in XCH4 and XCO was detected) collected in the framework of a mobile city campaign performed in 2019 using both instruments is investigated. All studied satellite products (TROPOMI, OCO-2, GOSAT, MUSICA IASI) show generally good agreement with COCCON observations. Satellite and ground-based observations at high latitudes are much sparser than at low or mid latitudes, which makes direct
coincident comparisons between remote-sensing observations more difficult.
Therefore, a method of scaling continuous Copernicus Atmosphere
Monitoring Service (CAMS) model data to the
ground-based observations is developed and used for creating virtual COCCON
observations. These adjusted CAMS data are then used for satellite
validation, showing good agreement in both Peterhof and Yekaterinburg. The gradients between the two study sites (ΔXgas) are
similar between CAMS and CAMS-COCCON datasets, indicating that the model
gradients are in agreement with the gradients observed by COCCON. This is
further supported by a few simultaneous COCCON and satellite ΔXgas
measurements, which also agree with the model gradient. With respect to the
city campaign observations recorded in St Petersburg, the downwind COCCON
station measured obvious enhancements for both XCH4 (10.6 ppb) and XCO (9.5 ppb), which is nicely reflected by TROPOMI observations, which detect city-scale gradients of the order 9.4 ppb for XCH4 and 12.5 ppb for XCO.
Continuous temperature soundings at the stratosphere and lower mesosphere with a ground-based radiometer considering the Zeeman effect
Authors: Krochin​​​​​​​ Witali , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Kuhl David , Murk Axel , Stober Gunter
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Continuous temperature observations at the stratosphere and lower mesosphere are rare. Radiometry opens the possibility of observing microwave emissions from two oxygen lines to retrieve temperature profiles at all altitudes. In this study, we present observations performed with a temperature radiometer (TEMPERA) at the MeteoSwiss station at Payerne for the period from 2014 to 2017. We reanalyzed these observations with a recently developed and improved retrieval algorithm accounting for the Zeeman line splitting in the line center of both oxygen emission lines at 52.5424 and 53.0669 GHz.
The new temperature retrievals were validated against MERRA2 reanalysis and the meteorological analysis NAVGEM-HA. The comparison confirmed that the new algorithm yields an increased measurement response up to an altitude of 53–55 km, which extends the altitude coverage by 8–10 km compared to previous retrievals without the Zeeman effect. Furthermore, we found correlation coefficients comparing the TEMPERA temperatures with MERRA2 and NAVGEM-HA for monthly mean profiles to be in the range of 0.8–0.96. In addition, mean temperature biases of 1 and −2 K were found between TEMPERA and both models (MERRA2 and NAVGEM-HA), respectively. We also identified systematic altitude-dependent cold and warm biases compared to both model data sets.
Assessing the sensitivity of multi-frequency passive microwave vegetation optical depth to vegetation properties
Authors: Schmidt Luisa , Forkel Matthias , Zotta Ruxandra-Maria , Scherrer Samuel , Dorigo Wouter A. , Kuhn-Régnier Alexander , van der Schalie Robin , Yebra Marta
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Vegetation attenuates the microwave emission from the land surface. The strength of this attenuation is quantified in models in terms of the parameter Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD), and is influenced by the vegetation mass, structure, water content, and observation wavelength. Earth observation satellites operating in the microwave frequencies are used for global VOD retrievals, enabling the monitoring of vegetation status at large scales. VOD has been used to determine above-ground biomass, monitor phenology or estimate vegetation water status. VOD can be also used for constraining land surface models or modelling wildfires at large scale. Several VOD products exist differing by frequency/wavelength, sensor, and retrieval algorithm. Numerous studies present correlations or empirical functions between different VOD datasets and vegetation variables such as normalised difference vegetation index, leaf area index, gross primary production, biomass, vegetation height or vegetation water content. However, an assessment of the joint impact of land cover, vegetation biomass, leaf area, and moisture status on the VOD signal is challenging and has not yet been done. This study aims to interpret the VOD signal as a multi-variate function of several descriptive vegetation variables. The results will help to select certain VOD wavelengths for specific applications and can guide the development of appropriate observation operators to integrate VOD with large-scale land surface models. Here we use VOD from the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM) of Ku-, X- and C-bands of the harmonised VODCA dataset and level 3 L-band derived from SMOS and SMAP sensors. Within a multivariable regression random forest model for simulating these VOD signals, leaf area index, live-fuel moisture content, above-ground biomass, and land cover are able to explain up to 0.95 of the variance (coefficient of determination). Thereby, the variance in L-band VOD is reproduced spatially and for Ku-, X- and C-band VOD spatially as well as temporally. Analyses of accumulated local effects demonstrate that Ku-, X- and C-band VOD is mostly sensitive to leaf area index and L-band VOD to above-ground biomass. However, for all VODs the global relationships with vegetation properties are non-monotonic and complex and differ with land cover type. This indicates that the use of simple global regressions to estimate single vegetation properties (e.g. above-ground biomass) from VOD is over-simplistic.
Coupling human and natural systems for sustainability: experience from China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Fu Bojie , Wu Xutong , Wang Zhuangzhuang , Wu Xilin , Wang Shuai
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Addressing the sustainability challenges that humanity is
facing in the Anthropocene requires the coupling of human and natural
systems, rather than their separate treatment. To help understand the
dynamics of a coupled human and natural system (CHANS) and support the
design of policies and measures that promote sustainability, we propose a
conceptual cascade framework of “pattern–process–service–sustainability”,
which is characterized by coupling landscape patterns and ecological
processes, linking ecological processes to ecosystem services, and promoting
social–ecological sustainability. The use of this framework is illustrated
by a review of CHANS research experience in China's Loess Plateau (LP), a
well-known region for its historically severe soil erosion and successful
ecological restoration achieved in recent decades. Ecological restoration in
the LP has greatly increased its vegetation coverage and controlled its soil
erosion. However, some accompanied issues, like soil drying in some areas due
to the introduction of exotic plant species and the mismanagement of planted
vegetation and water use conflicts between vegetation and humans caused by
the trade-off between carbon sequestration and water supply, have started to
threaten the long-term sustainability of the LP. Based on a comprehensive
understanding of CHANS dynamics, the social–ecological sustainability of the
LP can be improved through enhancing water and food security, implementing
basin-wide governance, maintaining ecological restoration achievements, and
promoting rural livelihood transition. The research experience accumulated
on the LP offers examples of the application of the
pattern–process–service–sustainability framework. Future research using
this framework should especially focus on the integrated research of
multiple processes; the cascades of ecosystem structure, function, services,
and human well-being; the feedback mechanisms of human and natural systems;
and the data and models for sustainability.
The S2M meteorological and snow cover reanalysis over the French mountainous areas: description and evaluation (1958–2021)
Authors: Vernay Matthieu , Lafaysse Matthieu , Monteiro Diego , Hagenmuller Pascal , Nheili Rafife , Samacoïts Raphaëlle , Verfaillie Deborah , Morin Samuel
Published: April 2022

Abstract. This work introduces the S2M (SAFRAN–SURFEX/ISBA–Crocus–MEPRA) meteorological and snow cover reanalysis in the French Alps, Pyrenees and Corsica, spanning the time period from 1958 to 2021. The simulations are made over elementary areas, referred to as massifs, designed to represent the main drivers of the spatial variability observed in mountain ranges (elevation, slope and aspect).
The meteorological reanalysis is performed by the SAFRAN system, which combines information from numerical weather prediction models (ERA-40 reanalysis from 1958 to 2002, ARPEGE from 2002 to 2021) and the best possible set of available in situ meteorological observations.
SAFRAN outputs are used to drive the Crocus detailed snow cover model, which is part of the land surface scheme SURFEX/ISBA. This model chain provides simulations of the evolution of the snow cover, underlying ground and the associated avalanche hazard using the MEPRA model.
This contribution describes and discusses the main climatological characteristics (climatology, variability and trends) and the main limitations of this dataset. We provide a short overview of the scientific applications using this reanalysis in various scientific fields related to meteorological conditions and the snow cover in mountain areas. An evaluation of the skill of S2M is also displayed, in particular through comparison to 665 independent in situ snow depth observations.
Further, we describe the technical handling of this open-access dataset, available at https://doi.org/10.25326/37#v2020.2. The S2M data are provided by Météo-France – CNRS, CNRM, Centre d'Études de la Neige, through AERIS (Vernay et al., 2022).
Spatiotemporal variations in water sources and mixing spots in a riparian zone
Authors: Nogueira Guilherme E. H. , Schmidt Christian , Partington Daniel , Brunner Philip , Fleckenstein Jan H.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Riparian zones are known to modulate water quality in stream corridors. They can act as buffers for groundwater-borne solutes before they enter the stream at harmful, high concentrations or facilitate solute turnover and attenuation in zones where stream water (SW) and groundwater (GW) mix. This natural attenuation capacity is strongly controlled by the dynamic exchange of water and solutes between the stream and the adjoining aquifer, creating potential for mixing-dependent reactions to take place. Here, we couple a previously calibrated transient and fully integrated 3D surface–subsurface numerical flow model with a hydraulic mixing cell (HMC) method to map the source composition of water along a net losing reach (900 m) of the fourth-order Selke stream and track its spatiotemporal evolution. This allows us to define zones in the aquifer with more balanced fractions of the different water sources per aquifer volume (called mixing hot spots), which have a high potential to facilitate mixing-dependent reactions and, in turn, enhance solute turnover. We further evaluated the HMC results against hydrochemical monitoring data. Our results show that, on average, about 50 % of the water in the alluvial aquifer consists of infiltrating SW. Within about 200 m around the stream, the aquifer is almost entirely made up of infiltrated SW with practically no significant amounts of other water sources mixed in. On average, about 9 % of the model domain could be characterized as mixing hot spots, which were mainly located at the fringe of the geochemical hyporheic zone rather than below or in the immediate vicinity of the streambed. This percentage could rise to values nearly 1.5 times higher following large discharge events. Moreover, event intensity (magnitude of peak flow) was found to be more important for the increase in mixing than event duration. Our modeling results further suggest that discharge events more significantly increase mixing potential at greater distances from the stream. In contrast near and below the stream, the rapid increase in SW influx shifts the ratio between the water fractions to SW, reducing the potential for mixing and the associated reactions. With this easy-to-transfer framework, we seek to show the applicability of the HMC method as a complementary approach for the identification of mixing hot spots in stream corridors, while showing the spatiotemporal controls of the SW–GW mixing process and the implications for riparian biogeochemistry and mixing-dependent turnover processes.
Legal and institutional aspects that determine the dialog between public authorities and civil society organizations in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova, Palihovici Liliana
Published: April 2022

CSOs are a key component of an open and democratic society as they play a key role in the strengthening of democracy and the rule of law, their dialogue with the public authorities being a precondition for this. By analyzing the development of dialogue between Moldovan CSOs and Central and Local Public authorities (CPA / LPA), I found that PA are not yet fully aware of the value of the dialogue, which is sporadic and guided by certain interests, that do not always coincide with the public interest. The key objective pursued by this research was to review the environment underlying activity and collaboration of the civil society from the standpoint of influence exerted by the internal and external factors that determine the core essence of the social environment, while paving and setting conditions for carrying out activities and collaboration between the civil society and public authorities. The paper aims to prove that more communication and collaboration between public authorities and civil society organizations, will likely result in a more inclusive, qualitative and focused act of governance. The author analyses and presents the existing decision-making systems and its consultation mechanisms with the civil society organizations in the Republic of Moldova, the existing opportunities for CSO’s involvement in the public policy making process and the actual practices. A number of research methods were used in the study, aimed at highlighting the particularities of the dialogue and cooperation between the public authorities (PA) and the CSOs, as part of the act of governance, studying the development over time and the influence of various social, economic and political factors on these processes.
Anticancer action by natural ingredient NMN and its mechanism: Focusing on the molecular mechanism of NMN on breast cancer cells.
Authors:   Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy.Sendai, Japan, Kawakami Satoshi
Published: April 2022

It was confirmed that NMN causes a decrease in breast cancer cells. Breast cancer is now a major problem for women because it is sensitive to estrogen. The standard treatments for breast cancer are generally surgery, anticancer drugs, and radiation therapy. In addition, as a complementary / alternative therapy, it is said that stress management, relaxation for stress re-duction, vitamins, and dietary fiber, which are said to have antioxidant effects as nutritional components, are used. However, although there is potential from an antioxidant perspective at this stage, no evidence is available at this time. Therefore, this time, this research group investi-gated the effect on breast cancer cells at the in vitro level using the component “NMN”, which is currently attracting attention. When NMN was added to breast cancer cells, a significant reduc-tion in breast cancer cells was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, this time, we investigated α-ketoglutaric acid, NAD +, and AMPK, which are thought to be related to the anticancer effect. It was found that NMN has the effect of activating these, suggesting that NMN may be used as a complementary / alternative therapy for breast cancer patients in the fu-ture
Аналитическая и компьютерная реализация моделей приближенного расчета вероятностных параметров краткосрочного страхования жизни
Authors: Сафина Гульнара Фриловна
Published: April 2022

Работа посвящена практическому применению моделей краткосрочного страхования жизни. Приведены теоремы, на которых основаны приближенные методы расчета вероятностных характеристик суммарного иска и аналитические решения ключевых примеров, опирающихся на данные математические модели. Проведен сравнительный анализ результатов решений по моделям Пуассона и Гаусса. Показано применение более общей модели Гаусса к случаям разных групп застрахованных в страховых компаниях с различными условиями договоров страхования их жизни на 1 год. Алгоритмы решений реализованы также в компьютере – создан программный модуль для расчета вероятностных параметров суммарного иска: нетто-премии, реальной выплаты за страховку, страховой надбавки, относительной страховой надбавки. Коды программного модуля компилированы на объектно-ориентированном языке C# с использованием среды Visual Studio. Модуль проводит актуарные расчеты характеристик работы страховой компании при входных данных, таких как количество договоров, страховая сумма при наступлении страхового случая, вероятность предъявления требований и т. д. Применение программного модуля к таким вероятностным расчетам позволяет рационально использовать время работы страховых компаний и ускоряет принятие ими текущих решений, особенно в случаях реализации портфелей разных видов краткосрочного страхования.
Возможности биометрической видеоаналитики и правила ее применения
Authors: Азаров Вячеслав Геннадьевич , Чуприна Марина Васильевна
Published: April 2022

В условиях усиливающихся санкционных мер к Российской Федерации со стороны западных стран в отношении телекоммуникационного, аппаратного и программного обеспечения, ограничения трансграничных услуг Big Data, а также ухода с российского рынка основных вендоров и поставщиков для ЦОД и СХД возникает потребность оценить не только возможности импортозамещения аппаратно-программных комплексов видеоаналитики, но и необходимость консолидировать научно-обоснованные предложения по правилам ее применения. Цель исследования заключается в определении возможностей и правил применения биометрической видеоаналитики в госсекторе и бизнесе, выявлении проблемных позиций, сдерживающих продвижение видеоаналитики на отечественном сегменте рынка ИКТ. В результате проведенного исследования установлены правила применения биометрической видеоаналитики в госсекторе для задач федерального значения при эксплуатации аппаратно-программного комплекса «Безопасный город», а также правила применения биометрической видеоаналитики для бизнеса. Сделан вывод: о доминировании технологии СКУД, детекции движения, обзорного видеонаблюдения для бизнес-решений; о преобладании обзорной видеорегистрации, биометрии, поведенческой активности, распознавания номеров транспортных средств и детекции в госсекторе. Результаты исследования вносят вклад в концепцию формирования общих правил и норм для всех систем видеоаналитики, могут быть использованы ТК 164 «Искусственный интеллект» для развития линейки стандартов ГОСТ Р 59385-2021.
Развитие маркетинга во внешнеэкономической деятельности
Authors: Гаджиев Назирхан Гаджиевич , Карпунин Алексей Юрьевич , Карпунина Елена Валерьевна , Коноваленко Сергей Александрович
Published: April 2022

Важная роль в организации внешнеэкономической деятельности хозяйствующих субъектов, в частности освоении новых рынков сбыта и продвижении товаров, принадлежит маркетингу. Хозяйствующие субъекты, обладающие экспортным потенциалом, сталкиваются с проблемами реализации продукции на внешних рынках. Круг этих проблем достаточно широк, от таможенного оформления и перемещения продукции до выявления потребностей конечных потребителей и упаковки товара. Несмотря на наличие значительного числа публикаций по международному маркетингу, в настоящее время отсутствуют универсальные подходы к системной организации маркетинговой деятельности хозяйствующих субъектов, ориентированных на экспорт. Это объясняется различиями в законодательстве, особенностями функционирования внешних рынков и условиями работы на них, требованиями рынка и потребителей в разных странах, а также различиями социально-культурной, политической и экономической среды. Целью данного исследования является формирование основных положений международного маркетинга как инструмента, позволяющего определить возможность вывода продукции организации на внешние рынки сбыта. При обосновании результатов, выводов и практических рекомендаций использовались основные положения экономической теории, научные исследования отечественных и зарубежных экономистов. Исследование проблем международного маркетинга позволило выделить факторы, влияющие на выход отечественных производителей на зарубежные рынки. В результате исследования предложен алгоритм определения конкурентоспособности продукции, позволяющий выделить преимущества и определить возможность продажи продукции на внешнем рынке. Предложенные рекомендации, направленные на развитие международного маркетинга, способствуют решению ряда проблем по выходу хозяйствующих субъектов на новые внешние рынки сбыта продукции.