bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Medical Students Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Zaid Al-Attar  , Saba Jassim  , Muhammad Anwar  , Wijdan Akram Hussein
Published: December 2023

The discovery of antibiotics has enhanced the treatment outcomes of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the injudicious use of antibiotics has triggered a global public health crisis and caused a worldwide spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Antimicrobial resistance is slowly becoming a major health problem all around the world, especially in our country, and this might be due to the incorrect, unwise prescription of antimicrobial agents among some doctors, which gives rise to this problem. The present study aimed to estimate the knowledge of medical students in Baghdad regarding antimicrobial usage and resistance and to find the association of sociodemographic factors with knowledge scores. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in six medical colleges in Baghdad. An online- based questionnaire was published and used in collecting the data. The data were reviewed and entered to be statistically analyzed in SPSS using the Chi-square test and were presented as frequencies, percentages, graphs and tables. The results showed that 44.1% of the studied sample had a fair knowledge of antimicrobial resistance. There was a statistical significance between gender and knowledge about antimicrobial resistance as the P-value was 0.006. In addition, there was a statistically significant association between the stage and the knowledge about antimicrobial resistance, where the P-value was (0.000). It was concluded that most of the participants had fair to good knowledge regarding antimicrobial resistance that was significantly associated with gender and stage.
Structural features of Milorad Pavic’s novel “Mushka”
Authors: Хаткова И.Н. , Бешукова Ф.Б.
Published: December 2023

Рассматриваются структурные особенности романа М. Павича «Мушка». Выявляются типологические признаки нелинейного романа и базовые события, концепты и объекты, ставшие структурными центрами произведения – «Ночь музеев», лабиринт и шкатулка. Обосновывается замысел автора, дающего версии развития событий – мужскую и женскую (Филиппа и Фереты). Акцентируется внимание на роли читателя, получающего возможность выбора своего варианта развития действия. Рассматриваются особенности пространственно-временной организации текста. Выявляется, что текст М. Павича содержит несколько смысловых уровней. Анализируется ряд интертекстуальных и аллюзитивных отсылок, играющих в романе важную роль для понимания текста.

The article considers the structural features of M. Pavic's novel “Mushka”. The authors re-veal typological features of a nonlinear novel and basic events, concepts and objects that became the structural centers of the work – “Night of Museums”, a labyrinth and a box. The author's plan is substantiated, giving versions of the development of events – from the man`s and woman`s perspective (Philip and Feret). The authors focus on the role of the reader, who gets the oppor-tunity to choose their own way of the development of the action. The features of the spatio-temporal organization of the text are considered. It is revealed that M. Pavic's text contains sever-al semantic levels. The study provides the analysis of a number of intertextual and allusive refer-ences that play an important role in understanding the text in the novel.
O fortalecimento do assoalho pélvico e a prevenção da incontinência urinária no climatério: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Miranda de Souza Keity , Balzereit Carlo , Veras de Oliveira Ana Carolina , Bandeira de Oliveira Alcemira , Souza Galvão Nariani
Published: December 2023

Esta revisão integrativa teve como objetivo investigar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a contribuição do fortalecimento do assoalho pélvico na prevenção da incontinência urinária no climatério. A revisão foi realizada nas bases de dados Web Of Science, EMBASE e MEDLINE por meio da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, indexados no período de 2018 a 2023. Foram incluídos na revisão 4 artigos que trouxeram evidências demonstrando que as técnicas de fortalecimento do assoalho pélvico são estratégias eficientes para manutenção da força muscular reduzindo os sintomas da incontinência urinária em mulheres climatéricas. Para além do tratamento da doença já instalada, o fortalecimento dos músculos da pelve é eficaz também para prevenir o surgimento dos sintomas da IU. Entre os benefícios da intervenção, há destaque para o seu baixo custo e suas técnicas menos invasivas.
Soplos Inocentes en Pacientes Pediátricos atendidos en el Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital María, Especialidades Pediátricas.
Authors: Galindo Munguía Estephanie Alejandra , Medina Clarita Issamar , Munguía Maradiaga Irma , Sauceda Acosta Dilcia , Raquel Álvarez Dina , Solórzano Sonia , Molina Moncada Anamaría , Domínguez Paola Ivania
Published: December 2023

Objetivos: describir las características clínicoepidemiológicas de los pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con soplo inocente en Servicio de Cardiología en el Hospital María, Especialidades Pediátricas.

Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes menores a 18 años con diagnóstico de soplo inocente atendidos en la consulta externa del servicio de cardiología, del Hospital María, Especialidades Pediátricas (HMEP) durante el período 2015-2020. El universo fueron 2401 pacientes con diagnóstico de soplo inocente. La muestra fue 323 pacientes con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Como criterios de inclusión se consideraron: paciente con diagnóstico de soplos inocentes hecho por cardiólogo pediatra, en pacientes pediátricos, atención brindada entre 2015 a 2020. Se excluyeron aquellos expedientes clínicos con más del 20% de variables interés incompletas. El muestreo fue probabilístico aleatorio simple. La recolección se hizo mediante un cuestionario previamente estructurado. Se realizó análisis de datos descriptivo univariado, a variables cuantitativas y cualitativas de tipo nominales y ordinales con frecuencias relativas y absolutas con el Programa STATA 15.

Resultados: se estudiaron un total de 323 pacientes. El grupo etario con mayor frecuencia fueron los niños en edad preescolar con un 41.18% (133/323), seguido de escolar en 30.65% (99/323). El 64.09% (207/323) fueron del sexo masculino. Los pacientes fueron procedentes de todas las regiones del país, principalmente de región central que representó el 69.66% (225/323), seguido de región oriente con 16.72% (54/323). Los hospitales fueron en un 52.6% (170/323) el centro que más refirió, siendo enviados por los médicos especialistas en un 39.2% de los casos. En el 76.47% (247/323) de los casos el soplo fue la única manifestación clínica. A todos los pacientes se les realizó ecocardiograma, el cual fue normal en 96.2% (311/323) de los casos, en 1.2% (4/323) se encontró aceleración aórtica.

Conclusión: el soplo inocente es un motivo frecuente de consulta al cardiólogo pediatra. Es responsabilidad de los médicos de atención primaria el reconocimiento de las características distintivas de los soplos, de manera que se identifiquen correctamente signos que indiquen cardiopatías y sean referidos oportunamente.
ANÁLISIS DEL DECRETO EJECUTIVO NÚMERO PCM 10-2023 (SUSPENSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS CONSTITUCIONALES EN HONDURAS)
Authors: Grillo Enrique
Published: December 2023

En la actualidad se ha recurrido con mayor frecuencia a la suspensión de Garantías Constitucionales, otorgando cierto grado de flexibilidad al marco legal que contiene y hace contrapeso a la actividad de los órganos de investigación policial, quienes en su actuar deben siempre confrontar sus acciones con el marco constitucional inalterado y por tanto vigente, sin olvidar que el debido proceso como Garantía Constitucional y Convencional, no entra en el listado de Garantías Constitucionales suspendidas.
Caracterización clínico epidemiológico laboratorial de pacientes con tuberculosis del Hospital Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas
Authors: Grey Irula Rosa Mercedes
Published: December 2023

Un tercio de 38,6 millones de personas infectadas por el virus de inmuno- deficiencia humana (VIH) también están infectadas por el bacilo de la tuberculosis, teniendo una probabilidad hasta 50 veces mayor de sufrir tuberculosis, en comparación con los no infectados. La demora de dicho diagnóstico en pacientes con (VIH) es causa importante de mayor mortalidad. Objetivo. Identificar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y analíticas laboratoriales de pacientes con infección por el Virus de Inmunodefi- ciencia Humana (VIH) manejados en el Servicio de Atención Integral del Hospital Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas, con diagnóstico de tuberculosis en 2018 y 2019. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, población 2077 adultos, de ellos 54 personas sobreinfectadas con VIH/TB entre 2018 y 2019, el tamaño de la muestra fue de 40 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se revisó la base de datos de tuberculosis del servicio, posteriormente los expedientes, teniendo en cuenta datos de seis meses previos al diagnóstico de tuberculosis, hasta su confirmación. Resultados. El del 82.5% (33) no habían recibido profilaxis, 31.5% (25) presentaba antecedentes de abandono de TARV, 82.5% fueron diagnosticados con tuberculosis pulmonar, de estos 54.6% (22) presentaba LT CD4 <200 células/ dl. Síntomas iniciales fueron la pérdida de peso 32.5% (13), tos 15% (6); al diagnóstico 92.5% (37) presentaban pérdida de peso, 87.5% (35) fiebre, 85% (35) tos. Conclusiones. La mayoría de los pacientes no habían recibido quimioprofilaxis, una cuarta parte habían abandonado el TARV. La mayoría fué diagnosticada con tuberculosis pulmonar y más de la mitad presentó LTCD4<200 celulas /dl. Nuestra cohorte presentó similar clínico que lo referenciado en la literatura internacional.
Infección de vías urinarias por Pantoea Agglomerans
Authors: Grey Irula Rosa Mercedes
Published: December 2023

La infección del tracto urinario es especialmente frecuente en mujeres, las bacterias aerobias gram negativas son las responsables del mayor número de casos. Pantoea agglomerans denominado previamente Enterobacter agglomerans es un bacilo anaerobio Gram negativo que pocas veces se ha descrito como patógeno en el ser humano; se han reportado casos de infecciones cutáneas, osteomielitis y sinovitis posterior a trauma con plantas; e infecciones nosocomiales especialmente en pacientes inmunodeprimidos que se han asociado a material médico contaminado, siendo la mayor parte de los casos resistentes a betalactámicos. Se presenta un insólito caso clínico de cistitis por Pantoea agglomerans en una mujer de 30 años, inmunocompetente, sin antecedentes de hospitalización ni instrumentación o sondaje de vía urinaria; fue manejada con esquema alargado de betalactámicos, con respuesta favorable a la antibiótico terapia. El diagnóstico de infección urinaria por P. agglomerans en pacientes inmunocompetentes es inusual, su escaso aislamiento podría relacionarse a la dificultad de identificar esta bacteria en muestras biológicas y la resistencia a antibioticoterapia podría asociarse en los pacientes hospitalizados a la amplia y prolongada administraciónde antibióticos en su estancia hospitalaria. Por ello se recomienda solicitar urocultivo y su respectivo antibiograma en pacientes con infección sintomática del tracto urinario para disponer de información del patógeno aislado y dar un adecuado manejo antimicrobiano contemplando el esquema más adecuado.
La película Broker y el fenómeno de Baby Box en Corea del Sur
Authors: Aguiló Pastrana Jaime
Published: December 2023

El estreno de la película surcoreana Broker en junio de 2022 ha supuesto una mayor visualización en los últimos meses del fenómeno Baby Box, un sistema que permite que bebés sean dejados anónimamente en unas cajas acondicionadas para ello.

En Corea del Sur este sistema tiene su origen en la iniciativa personal del pastor protestante Lee Jong-rak, y hasta marzo de 2020 más de 1.700 bebés habían sido rescatados. Las acciones de este pastor y del equipo que le ayuda han generado revuelo, ya que se trata de un tema polémico, con un marco legal ambiguo y complejo, y que produce reacciones sociales muy dispares. Este estudio incluye un estudio somero del marco legal y las principales reacciones producidas. Este artículo pretende ayudar a la visualización del fenómeno Baby Box y sumar un pequeño grano de arena que ayude a su resolución.
Dificuldades com a linguagem matemática em aulas de álgebra no ensino superior
Authors: Mello Elisabete Marcon
Published: December 2023

Será relatada a experiência relacionada a uma atividade aplicada em aulas de Fundamentos de Álgebra, no curso de Licenciatura em Matemática, na qual foi constatada a dificuldade desses alunos com a linguagem matemática. As atividades tinham como objetivo introduzir o conceito da estrutura algébrica Anéis. Foi observado que muitos dos alunos que participaram das atividades têm dificuldades com a leitura e interpretação de textos que possuem muitos símbolos matemáticos e essa dificuldade pode ser associada ao fato de grande parte desses alunos não terem tido, ou tido insuficiente, acesso a essa linguagem durante a escola básica.
A crise estrutural do capital e seu reflexo na formação de professores no Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Eugenio Alves , Alves Maria Augelina Costa , Costa Cássia Eufrasia da Silva , Da Silva Simone Cesar , Da Silva Solonildo Almeida , Moreira Eugênio Eduardo Pimentel , Rodrigues Midiã Alves da Silva , Paim Igor de Moraes , Teixeira Regina Maria , Da Costa Roger Freitas
Published: December 2023

A partir da década de 1970, o sistema capitalista passou por uma profunda crise, que afetou todos os setores da economia, por isso foi denominada por Mészáros, (2011) de crise estrutural. Para superar a crise, o capital internacional, sob a influência da teoria econômica neoliberal, buscou se expandir para os países periféricos na busca por mão de obra barata. Entretanto, para garantir sua reprodução, o capital internacional precisou adequar a classe trabalhadora desses países às suas necessidades. Disto isto, este artigo traz como objetivo geral refletir sobre o interesse dos organismos internacionais na educação dos países periféricos, com destaque para a formação dos professores no país. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, e qualitativo, cuja epistemologia ancora-se no materialismo histórico dialético. Como resultados e discussões apontamos o fato de que o principal interesse dos organismos internacionais na educação refere-se a formação de mão de obra com a qualificação necessária para a extração da mais valia. E para isso, precisou atuar também na formação dos professores, com o objetivo de adequá-los às necessidades do capital.
Educação em saúde na atenção primária e a COVID-19: a formação política crítica como dimensão para o cuidado de si em saúde mental
Authors: Vasconcelos Karen Massita , Carnut Leonardo , Betty Christine Barbosa , de Souza Júlia Andrade Freitas Ribeiro , Agripino Nathalie Alves
Published: December 2023

Este estudo visou refletir sobre a contribuição do processo de educação em saúde das equipes de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) na construção do cuidado de si em saúde mental trans e pós- COVID-19. Desenvolveu-se um texto argumentativo, de caráter ensaístico, que teve como procedimento conectar as categorias centrais: ‘educação em saúde’, ‘atenção primária à saúde’ (APS), ‘COVID-19’, ‘cuidado de si’ e ‘saúde mental’, para pensar o potencial político-emancipatório desta complexa relação. O ensaio está dividido em cinco seções. A primeira seção relaciona a interface entre educação em saúde, APS e a COVID-19. A segunda trata do encontro entre educação em saúde e formação política crítica. A terceira contextualiza a categoria ‘cuidado’ na gestão do processo saúde-doença. A quarta questiona se o cuidado de si em saúde mental na pandemia pode, ou não, promover uma prática emancipadora. A última, por fim, apresenta algumas considerações finais sobre o papel da APS no manejo deste cenário.
O novo ensino médio e o trabalho alienado no contexto neoliberal
Authors: Borges Kamylla Pereira , Dos Santos Dayanna Pereira , Iglesias Jacqueline de Oliveira Veiga , E Silva Yara Fonseca de Oliveira
Published: December 2023

Diversas reformas já foram feitas durante todo o século XX e início do século XXI buscando a intermediação da educação às novas formas de produção da sociedade capitalista. No âmbito da educação, a Lei n. 13.415/2017 que trata da reforma do ensino médio, trouxe significativas consequências para a educação de modo geral. O objetivo desse trabalho é empreender uma análise das políticas voltadas para a Educação Profissional no contexto das transformações históricas e socioeconômicas que caracterizaram  diferentes momentos do país, considerando principalmente a Reforma do Ensino Médio proposta na Lei 5692/1971 relacionando-a com a atual Reforma do Ensino médio e o conceito de trabalho alienado em Marx. Partimos do pressuposto que historicamente as políticas voltadas para a EPT contribuem para uma formação voltada para o Trabalho Alienado e que, na reforma do ensino médio, essa realidade não é diferente no novo ensino médio. Percebemos que o novo ensino médio traz uma proposta de educação atrelada aos interesses do Sistema Societal do Capital. As alterações trazidas pela Lei 13415/2017 estão voltadas para a formação acrítica e a aceitação do trabalho alienado no mercado. A relação entre a reforma e o trabalho alienado se dá principalmente pela fragmentação do currículo que ocasiona o esvaziamento dos conteúdos científicos, no qual o educando perde a possibilidade de compreender a realidade de forma totalizadora e fica preso a uma formação empobrecida.
Six Monthly Mortality Analysis 2023 of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi
Authors: Shahid Rizwana , Zaidi Narjis , Khan Sadia , Fatima Farzana , Rizvi Tahir Ali , Umar Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Mortality and morbidity being healthcare indicators of any country need deliberation by the strategic planners for attaining the equal right for health by all people. Only this will enable any nation to have prompt well- being and hence achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Objective: To determine age, gender and department-wise mortality of Pakistani population by 6-monthly mortality analysis of a healthcare facility. Methods: A retrospective hospital record-based study was carried out by retrieving mortality data from February – July 2023 from administration of Benazir Bhutto Hospital (BBH), Rawalpindi through informed consent. Data were gathered pertaining to age, gender of expired cases in addition to department-wise mortality. Data were analyzed by using MS Excel 2016 and descriptive statistics were applied. Results: Of the total 2232 deaths during February-July 2023 at BBH, majority 1225 (55%) were males. Maximum (9%) deaths were reported during May 2023 with greatest male deaths (232). Deaths from the Pediatrics department were the greatest (60.9%) with 58% of them measured among up to 5 years old children and more than 90% of them succumbed to septic shock. About 18.6% and 11% mortalities were identified from Medicine and Emergency departments respectively. Conclusions: Neonatal, infant and children’s deaths were maximally reported due to septic shock. More deaths were also determined among medical and emergency cases.
Frequency of Hypocalcemia among Patients with Moderate to Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Ilyas Saadia , Mukhtar Rabia , Bashir Bushra , Nusrat Wajeeha , Ilyas Tuyiba , Malik Lamees Mahmood
Published: December 2023

Psoriasis is a common skin problem. It is associated with many risk factors including hypocalcemia. It is important to determine serum calcium levels among psoriatic patients that may help in proper management. Objective: To determine frequency of hypocalcemia in patients of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study that had involved 90 patients of both genders aged between 22-70 years having chronic plaque psoriasis. The patients were evaluated for level of calcium in serum and hypocalcemia was labeled if albumin corrected serum calcium was <8.9 mg/dl. A prior written informed consent was taken from each patient. Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.7 ±1 3.9 years. There were 51 (56.7%) male and 39 (43.3%) female patients with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The mean duration of disease was 9.2 ± 4.4 years while the mean serum calcium was 8.89 ± 0.79 mg/dl. 59 (65.6%) patients had moderate while 31 (34.4%) patients had severe disease. Hypocalcemia was observed in 35 (38.9%) patients and it was significantly higher in patients with severe disease as compared to moderate disease (58.1% vs. 28.8%; p-value=0.007). Conclusions: In this study a substantial proportion of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis had hypocalcemia suggesting potential role of serum calcium in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Hypocalcemia may also indicate severity of disease. This study advocates routine screening a correction of serum calcium levels among such patients as it leads to timely identification and appropriate management of the disease.
Prevalence of Typhoid Fever among Different Socio-Demographic-Groups in District Bahawalnagar, Pakistan
Authors: Ishtiaq Abir , Khalil Sidra , Khalil Samina , Ahmed Farhan , Ahmad Bilal , Ghaffar Abdul , Khalid Muhammad , Azam Sheikh Muhammad , Imran Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Typhoid is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium Salmonella typhi and this bacterium spreads so fast in non-hygienic conditions. This disease is abundantly found in areas where hygienic conditions are poor. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of typhoid among different socio-demographic groups and gender from the populace of different tehsils of district Bahawalnagar (Pakistan). Methods: The blood samples of suspected patients were collected from the suspected patients belonging various tehsils of Bahawalnagar (Pakistan) during April to July, 2022. Diagnostic test IgG/IgM was performed using test kit. A questionnaire was also used to collect information from all the suspects with questions related to age, gender, month, socioeconomic status, area, source of water for drinking purpose, and source of food. Results: Results showed 66.39% positive cases for S. typhi from a total of 360 suspected patients with apparent symptoms of typhoid fever belonged to various regions of district Bahawalnagar (Pakistan). Significant difference was found in gender-based data, showing significantly (p<0.05) higher occurrence of typhoid fever in females (51.46%) than males (48.54%). Population consuming homemade food was significantly (p<0.05) most affected with the S. typhi. Conclusions: Higher prevalence of typhoid fever was recorded in the females of district Bahawalnagar (Pakistan). An alarming percentage (54.07%) of positive cases for typhoid fever among the populace was also found, consuming water from the local water-filtration-plants of the studied region.
Comparison of Dietary Modifications with and without Aerobic Exercises in Improving the Cholesterol Lipid Profile for Treatment of Hyperlipidemia-Naïve Patients
Authors: Nazar Qurrat-ul-ain , Hamid Faizan , Javed Ahsan , Ilyas Zubair bin , Nawazish Sameera , Aleem Muhammad Irfan , Mubashir Usman , Muhammad Arsalan Hafiz Rana
Published: December 2023

Hyperlipidemia describes a condition in which an abnormal mass metabolism brought on by a variety of factors raises blood cholesterol levels. According to epidemiological research, there is a strong link between the lipoprotein profile and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and those who are physically active have a 30 to 50% lower chance of developing cardiovascular disease. Objective: To compare the effect of dietary modifications with and without aerobic exercises in improving the cholesterol lipid profile for treatment of Hyperlipidemia-Naïve patients. Methods: The random sampling technique with random allocation done through the Lottery method. Lipid Profile Test was used as measuring tool. Whole procedure went through three steps: Pre-Labs Testing, 10 - Weeks Intervention Sessions, and Post-Labs Testing. 24 patients were randomly divided into two groups i.e., Experimental Group and the Control Group, each with 12 patients. After the intervention plan, results were analyzed, organized and interpreted. Results: Normally distributed variables were HDL-C, Cholesterol and VLDL-C with p > 0.05. Whereas, Triglycerides and LDL-C were not distributed normally i.e., p < 0.05.  After the exercise program accomplished as instructed, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the values of Cholesterol, HDL-C, and VLDL-C with the value of p <0.05 for experimental group. However, values of Triglycerides and LDL-C were significantly decreased for the control group. Conclusions: The inclusion of aerobic exercises along with dietary changes substantially enhanced the patient's lipid profile, and exercise program's scope was adequate to produce meaningful changes in the body lipid composition of the study volunteers.
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Infants Consuming Cow's Milk
Authors: Bai Anila , Shaikh Farzana , Kumar Suresh , Ahmed Ayesha , Marium . , Shaikh Muhammad Akram
Published: December 2023

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in children is a public health issue affecting child morbidity, mortality, and cognitive development. Infants fed cow's milk are at a higher risk of severe IDA due to calcium and iron absorption competition. Objective: To determine the frequency of Iron deficiency anemia among Cow Milk Fed Infants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Peadiatric wards of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad and Jamshoro from November 2020 to April 2021. All the full-term infants with age of up to 6 months either gender and having history of cow’s milk consumption and clinically diagnosed to have anemia were included. Infants had 3ml intravenous blood samples taken to get a complete blood picture and ferritin level. All the mothers were interviewed regarding duration of cow’s milk consumption. Data were collected via a predesigned proforma. Results: Total 323 infants were studied to assess the frequency of iron deficiency anemia among cow’s milk infants up to 6 months and the mean age of infants was 4.11 ± 1.31 months. Females were 56.3% and males were 43.7%. Overall average of hemoglobin was 8.92 ± 1.09 g/dl, and overall mean of ferritin level was 90.16 ± 17.71 ng/ml. Frequency of iron deficiency anemia was found to be 18.6%. Conclusions: As per study conclusion overall frequency of iron deficiency anemia was observed to be 18.6% and cow’s milk consumption has been observed as a risk factor of infant’s anemia.
A Narrative Review on Management of Cyanosis in Neonates
Authors: Fayyaz Maria , Shahbaz Sumbal
Published: December 2023

A bluish coloring of the skin or mucous membrane that is characteristic of the medical condition cyanosis can be visible around the lips, fingers, and toes. It is one of the indications of respiratory distress in infants that can be brought on by inadequate circulation and low levels of oxygenated blood. There are two basic causes of cyanosis, cardiac and pulmonary. Medical professionals are constantly very concerned about accurately diagnosing and treating newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD), despite the fact that prenatal diagnostic methods have significantly improved. Although they are physiologically entirely different from one another, ductus dependent congenital cardiac abnormalities can be divided into the ductus dependent systemic or pulmonary sickness. When developing the treatment plan, the clinical state and cardiac abnormalities must be taken into consideration. Many life-threatening conditions may not show signs right away after delivery, and the majority of clinical and physical symptoms are ambiguous, which makes a diagnosis difficult. Careful evaluation is required, and when clinical data, electrocardiograms, and chest X-rays are used. The newborn must be identified as being at such high risk right once, and prompt medical attention is essential to reducing mortality and morbidity
Prevalence of Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Medical and Dental Practitioners with Respect to Gender
Authors: Ashraf Aysham , Hassan Syeda Alizeh , Butt Hira , Anjum Muhammad Suleiman , Babary Darab Fatima , Khan Nauman Rauf
Published: December 2023

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) comprises of mental images that provoke anxiety and fear and are recurrent. Objective: To find the prevalence of OCD symptoms in medical doctors and dentists with respect to gender. Methods: The study design was cross sectional comparative. It was conducted in College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College Lahore. All practitioners irrespective of their age and gender were included in the study. Individuals practiced in a clinic or hospital for less than 6 months were excluded from the study. Obsessive compulsive inventory scale was used for data collection. Results: Gender of medical doctors and dentists and the symptom of washing (p=0.335, p=0.760 respectively), obsessing (p=0.131, p=0.476 respectively), checking (p=0.620, p=1.000 respectively) and neutralizing (p=0.294, p=1.000 respectively) was not significantly associated. The association between the symptom of ordering and gender of medical practitioners (p=0.05) was statistically significant. The association between gender of dental practitioners with hoarding (p=0.188), ordering (p=0.713) and doubting (p=1.000) was non-significant. Conclusions: Among the medical practitioners the symptoms of washing, obsessing, checking and neutralizing were higher in males as compared to the females. Among the dental practitioners the symptom of washing, obsessing and neutralizing were more prevalent in males while the symptom of checking was more prevalent in females. The symptoms of hoarding, ordering and doubting were more prevalent in males in comparison to female medical practitioners. Among the dental practitioners where the prevalence of hoarding was higher in the males while that of ordering and doubting was higher in the females.
Assessment of Non-Ischemic Chest Pain and its Association with Socio-Demographic Characteristics among Post Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI) Patients
Authors: Naz Subia , Ali Amjad , Rasheed Abdur , Ahmed Tanseer
Published: December 2023

The most common procedure used in cardiovascular medicine is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) that can create some physiological complications, such as decreasing heart rate, mechanical issues, and cardiac arrest among patients. Objective: To determine the frequency of non-ischemic chest pain and its relation with socio-demographic features amongst post PCI patients in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was led at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) Hospital, Karachi. A total of 195 patients with Post PCI non-ischemic chest pain were recruited by using the Numerical rating scale (NRS). Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used and permission was taken from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of DUHS and Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of NICVD. Data were analyzed by using SPSS Version-26.0. Percentages and frequency were used for categorical variables while, a chi-square test was applied to check the associations of non-ischemic chest pain with demographic features of the patients. Results: In this study, 63.60% of the participants were male. Most of the participants (75.4%) were married. Non-ischemic chest pain was found significantly associated with age, gender, marital status, history of disease and drug history with p-values <0.001, 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001 respectively. The majority of the participants (90.26%) were suffered with non-ischemic chest pain. Conclusions: This study revealed that majority of the patients suffered with non-ischemic chest pain and moderate pain level was prevailing in the majority of the post PCI patients.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Quality of Life of Nurses Working in the Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Karachi
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Badil . , Shah Syed Yousaf
Published: December 2023

COVID-19 has a substantial influence related to the quality of life of nurses by increasing the number of patients, which increases the work burden and stress level. Objective: To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of nurses working in the public sector tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. Methods: Present an analytical cross-sectional study design was employed to determine the quality of life of working by using a non-probability convenient sampling technique to recruit 240 nurses. The quality of life of nurses was assessed by using the McGill Quality of Life (QoL) revised questionnaire. Results were considered significant at p-value of ≤0.05. Results: Out of a total of 240 nurses, most of them 135 (56.2%) were male, 177(73.88%) married, 128, 53.3% Post RN qualification, and 99 (41.2%) 6 to 10 years of working experience. The mean+SD of the overall QoL of nurses was 6.56+2.53. Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, males had 2.79 times better QOL during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to females (ORadj=2.79, 95% CI: 1.05 - 7.45, p= 0.04). Similarly, married persons had 3.06 times better QOL during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to others (ORadj=3.06, 95% CI: 2.14 – 3.34, p= 0.003). Conclusions: It is concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant effect on all aspects of the physical, psychological, existential and social quality of life of nurses working in the public sector tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan
Adulteration: Supply of Raw Milk and Prevalence of Adulterated / Prepared Milk
Authors: Ibrahim Tanveer , Wattoo Feroza Hamid , Sarwar Wattoo Muhammad Hamid , Mustafa Ghulam
Published: December 2023

Raw milk adulteration is one of the food fraud to gain financial benefits by removing fat and cream from whole milk and compensating it by addition of different adulterants to make it near to wholesome milk. Objectives: To analyze milk adulterants to not only describe about the prevalence of different milk adulterants but also confirm the sources of adulterants being used for the synthesis of semi synthetic or prepared milk due to their characteristics which they impart to form a sort of wholesome milk. Methods: In this regard total of 190 raw milk samples from cow and buffalo sources along with control and in house standards were taken to detect most prevailing adulterants in raw milk samples through automated and/or titration based manual recommended methods. Results: The analysis of different adulterants in milk samples showed water in 148(77.89%) raw milk samples, Detergent in 62(32.9%), Cane Sugar 41(21.8%), Caustic Soda 32(16.8%), Sodium Salts 31(16.4%), Starch 21(11.1%), Formalin 18(9.4%), Urea 15(8.05%), Foreign Fat 12(6.4%), Hydrogen Peroxide 04(2.3%), Glucose 02(1.3%), Boric Acid 02(1.1%) and sulfate salts 02(1.1%) in raw milk samples. Conclusions: The assessment of quality of fresh milk showed poor quality milk with the provision of different sort of adulterants in 77.89% raw milk samples and alarming sign of semi synthetic milk in 2.63% samples.
Effect of Educational Program on Awareness and Practices Regarding Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Girls
Authors: Rani Naila , Mukhtar Madiha , Masih Sarfaraz
Published: December 2023

Menstrual hygiene maintenance is very low cost and reliable in Pakistan for adolescents’ girls to prevent any dangerous future consequences. Adolescent girl’s good awareness and practices is very important in smooth handling and maintain menstrual hygiene. Objective: To assess the effect of educational program on awareness and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescents’ girls. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study carried out at high school, named Government Girls High School Kahna Nau, Tehsil Model Town Lahore.  Data were collected from overall 110 adolescents’ girls were studying at Government Girls High School Kahna Nau Tehsil Model Town Lahore about awareness and practices regarding menstrual hygiene. Data were collected using awareness and practices questionnaire regarding menstrual hygiene. Pre and Post-interventional awareness and practices was assessed using the same questionnaire. SPSS 25.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Overall 73.6% of the adolescent’s girls had reported poor pre-interventional awareness, which enhanced to excellent awareness (100%) after interventions. Similarly, 79.1% of the adolescent girls were reported unsafe practices in pre-intervention phase while 94.5% of the adolescent girls reported safe practices after interventions. There was significant difference among pre and post-interventional awareness (P<0.001) and practices (P<0.001) of adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene. Conclusions: Adolescent girls reported poor awareness and unsafe practices regarding menstrual hygiene. The findings of the study showed that educational interventions are the key for enhancing the awareness and practices of adolescents regarding menstrual hygiene.
Gel Formulation and an In-vitro Kinetic Permeation Release Study of Cefixime Trihydrate and Chlorpheniramine Maleate (CCM)
Authors: Rafique Sadia , Sattar Farah , Habib Amina` , Babar Saif`` , Qader Abdul , Davis Mariam , Javed` Sana`` , Ibrahim Khan Muhammad Usama , Haris Muhammad , Tariq Hamza , Afnan .
Published: December 2023

Cefixime is an antibiotic drug used to treat infection. Chlorphenamine, also known as chlorpheniramine, is an antihistamine and used to treat allergic diseases such urticarial infections and rhinitis Objective: To formulate a gel by using propylene glycol (PG) along with Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to enhance the percutaneous absorption and release of cefixime trihydrate and chlorpheniramine maleate from TDDS (transdermal drug delivery system). Methods: Various formulations (G1 to G13) containing cefixime trihydrate and chlorpheniramine maleate gels (CCM gels) were prepared for this purpose with PG and PEG in different ratios. Firstly, gel optimization was estimated from the physical properties of the gels. Later, the diffusion process was carried out through Franz diffusion cells to find out the permeation kinetic parameters of these gel formulations. Only two of the gels (G1 and G3) were selected for further process while the rest were not employed due to stability issues. Results: The obtained results were analyzed by using statistical RSM (response surface methodology) and the link between the independent and response variables was depicted using contour plots. The result of the current study of both these gels indicated high values of flux and ER (enhancement ratio) while a reduction in tlag value. However, no significant difference was seen in the values I/R (input ratio) and Kp (permeation constant) with other formulated gels. Conclusions: It was concluded that the addition of PG and PEG into gels could enhance the permeation of cifixime trihydrate and chlorphenaramine mleate across membrane.
Nonlocal Potentials and Crystalline Order in One and Two Dimensions
Authors: Alexanian Moorad
Published: December 2023

We revisit the seminal 1968 proof of the absence of crystalline order in two dimensions
and analyze the importance played in the quantum theorem by the assumption of local pair
potentials. We relax the assumption of local potentials and consider instead nonlocal pair
potentials. We show that the 1/k2
-singularity that occurs in the Bogoliubov inequality, which leads
to no crystalline order in two dimensions for local potentials and nonzero temperatures, does not
occur for nonlocal potentials. Accordingly, crystalline order in one and two dimensions cannot be
ruled out for nonlocal pair potentials at finite temperatures.
On the Problem of Observing the Maximum of a Superposition Wave Field A.
Authors: Khachatrian A. Zh.
Published: December 2023

The well-known Laue condition determining the intensity maximums of diffracted on
an ideal crystal structure plane wave is discussed. It is proved that the Laue conditions, which are
restrictions imposed on the values of the scattering wave vector, is more correctly to be considered
as a pair of two conditions. The first conditions relate to the wave vector of an incident wave and
the second conditions relate to the wave vector of an observation direction. In other words, to
observe the maximums, it is not enough that only the difference (the scattering wave vector) of
these two vectors satisfies the Laue condition. To observe the maximums, it is necessary that each
of these vectors separately, i.e. the wave vector of the incident wave and the wave vector of the
observation direction, satisfy the Laue condition. It is shown that such a doubling of the
maximums conditions leads to a decrease in the number of observed maximums compared to the
condition imposed only on the scattering wave vector.
The Efficacy of Recast vs. Explicit Corrective Feedback on Students’ English Pronunciation of Common Words: The Case of English Department Students at Ibn Tofail University
Authors: Bougataia El Ghazi , Brigui Pr Hind
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the effectiveness of recast and explicit corrective feedback on students’ pronunciation improvement among first-year English university undergraduates at Ibn Tofail University, and compares these feedback types to determine the most effective one. A pilot study was conducted to give insights into the pronunciation difficulties faced by students. Based on this latter, the main study was done to address the aims of the investigation. A quasi-experiment was designed with 45 participants divided into three groups: Explicit, Recast and a Control group. The impact of recast and explicit corrective feedback was assessed through the Kruskal-Wallis Test, and the comparative assessment was done using Welch’s T-test. The results indicate that both recast and explicit corrective feedback positively influenced students’ pronunciation development. Yet, the explicit feedback appears superior and more effective than recast, demonstrating a high influence on students’ pronunciation errors. Hence, the investigation suggests that educators should be explicit enough to help students better develop their pronunciation.
BRIQUETAGEM DE MINÉRIO DE FERRO: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: De Oliveira Marina Filizzola Melquiades , Silva Elenice Maria Schons , Lameiras Fernando Soares , Da Silva Leone Freire , Silva André Carlos
Published: December 2023

Comparativamente aos métodos convencionais de aglomeração de finos de minério de ferro, como a sinterização e a pelotização, a briquetagem destaca-se como uma tecnologia de menor intensidade em termos de investimento de capital e redução do impacto ambiental. Esse destaque é principalmente atribuído à sua simplicidade e flexibilidade, além da exigência por temperaturas de secagem moderadas, que contribuem para a diminuição das emissões de CO2, tornando-a uma opção mais econômica e ecologicamente amigável em relação à sinterização e pelotização. Diante das inúmeras vantagens oferecidas pela briquetagem, diversos pesquisadores têm demonstrado um interesse cada vez maior em explorar os briquetes como uma alternativa viável para a aglomeração de finos de minério de ferro. Contudo, o desafio ao incorporar a briquetagem nos processos minero-metalúrgicos reside na identificação das condições ideais, especialmente na escolha de um aglomerante capaz de produzir briquetes que atendam às especificações exigidas pelo mercado. Este artigo tem como objetivo central realizar uma análise da relevância da briquetagem na indústria mínero-metalúrgica como um método de aglomeração de minério de ferro, explorando suas vantagens significativas em termos de eficiência, impacto ambiental e qualidade do produto.
ZİPF YASASININ PATENT VERİSİ İLE TEST EDİLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Eren , ÇIRPICI Yasemin Asu
Published: December 2023

Ölçekleme kanunları, sıklığa dayanan veriler için birçok farklı disiplinde başvurulan değerlendirme biçimlerinden biridir. Farklı veri türleri için ölçekleme yapmak üzere çeşitli istatistiksel yöntemler geliştirilmiş ve bu yöntemler edebiyat, fizik, biyoloji, ekonomi gibi alanlarda uygulanmıştır. Zipf yasası da bir ölçekleme kanunu olarak birçok farklı verinin dağılımının yapısını ortaya koymak üzere uygulanmıştır. Farklı veri türleri ve istatistiki yöntemlerle ile test edildiğinde Zipf yasasının geçerliliği de değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Zipf yasasının geçerliliği Türkiye şehirleri için patent verisi ile test edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda patent dağılımının yapısının bölgesel olarak gösterdiği farklılıkların bir ölçekleme yasasını takip edip etmediğini ortaya koymak hedeflenmiştir. 1995-2022 yılları arasını kapsayan veri seti kullanılmış ve her bir il için yayımlanan patent verisi coğrafi olarak sınıflanmıştır. Daha sonra patent verisi için ölçekleme Zipf yasası bağlamında yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Zipf yasası Türkiye şehirlerindeki patent dağılımı açısından kabul edilememiştir. Bununla birlikte Türkiye şehirleri için ölçekleme değeri, patentin coğrafi dağılımının üstel bir yasa izlediğini ortaya koymuştur.
Understanding of Saudi Population on the Usage of Intravenous Contrast Media Injections in Radiology
Authors: Alshehri Fahad
Published: December 2023

Background: Intravenous contrast media (IVCM) in radiology are extremely important for accurate diagnosis and are used daily all over the globe. These contract media are very safe if administered correctly. However, adverse events have also been reported. This study was undertaken to determine the understanding of the patients towards the usage of IVCM in radiology. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on patients recommended for IVCM-mediated radiological examinations. The data were collected by face-to-face interactions using the self-administered questionnaire before IVCM administration. The questionnaire was all about patient’s information for IVCM usage, their associated benefits and risks. Results: Out of 225 patients who participated, a majority (72%) had insufficient knowledge of IVCM-associated risks and benefits. Both male and female patients showed a similar understanding of IVCM (p>0.05). Educated patients showed better understanding than uneducated patients (p<0.001). Similarly, employed patients demonstrated a higher level of understanding of IVCMs compared to unemployed patients (p<0.05). Moreover, 63.5%, 45.3% and 62.2% of patients believed that IVCM caused cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and adverse allergic reactions, respectively. Moreover, 52.4%, 33.3% and 49.3% of patients believed that IVCM caused shortness in breath, loss of consciousness and increase of heart rate, respectively. In addition, 29.3%, 62.2% and 20.0% of patients also advised diarrhea, itching and convulsion, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, patients’ knowledge was unsatisfactory for understanding contrast media in radiology. This study recommends that the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, should arrange frequent awareness programs on contrast media in Qassim.