bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pumping Characteristics of Calcium Carbide Waste Paste
Authors: Hao Xue Di , Gong Chang Yong , Guo Ji Chang , Yang Hua Xu , Wu Miao
Published: June 2012

Calcium carbide waste paste is highly concentrated and viscous, rich in calcium, and has a great comprehensive utilization potential. Comprehensive utilization process based on high-pressure pipeline transportation is the best choice for use of calcium carbide waste. But the theory of pipeline transportation of the paste has rarely been reported. Industrial-scale transportation experiments with diameter of 75mm, 100mm, and 125mm were conducted, respectively. The results show that the pipe pressure is linearly distributed along the pipeline, but it is piecewise linear. The pipe pressure in the front end drops faster than that in the back end of the pipeline. The pipe pressure is proportional to the flow rate of calcium carbide paste. The delivery resistance increases greatly as the pipe diameter decreases at the same flow rate.
Research on Injurious Medical Waste Disposal for Small and Medium Sized Hospital
Authors: Xu Jin Ling , Shen Xiu Feng , Li Shi Xue
Published: June 2012

The injury medical waste is the most serious infectious, which serious impact on human health and environmental issues. There are many hidden dangers in the injury medical waste processing, particularly in small and medium-sized hospitals. The current situation, classify and hazard are analysed, as well as problems and difficulties in injury medical waste disposal. The disposal mechods and countermeasures are put forward to dispose the injury medical waste for small and medium-sized hospitals. The research has certain practical significance for injury medical waste disposal.
Study for Catalytical Degradation of Pyrolytic Oil from Municipal Plastic Waste
Authors: Yang Jian , Wu Qian , Zhu Zhi Rong
Published: June 2012

HY zeolite showed better catalytic activities than FCC in the catalytical degradation of pyrolytic oil. This conclusion can be got through the evaluation experiment. HY zeolite catalysts were chosen to study the influence of operating conditions in the degradation of pyrolytic oil with different raw material concentration, reaction temperature and the amount of catalyst. Through the orthogonal test, the optimal conditions were got as follow: the reaction temperature was 450°C, the pyrolytic oil concentration was 30wt.%, and the amount of catalysts was 3g.
Study on Rewards and Punishments Mechanism of Reverse Supply Chain with Random Collection
Authors: Cao Jian , Hu Qiang , Lou Ting Yuan
Published: June 2012

Based on the energy recycle ideas, in view of the three-level green supply chain (GSC) including a manufacturer, a processor and a collector, the manufacturer-leading Stackelberg models were established with random recycling. The rewards and punishments contract between the manufacturer and the processor was designed, and the influences of the proposed mechanism to the game parties’ optimal strategies were discussed. The research shows that implementation of the rewards and punishments mechanism is effective to improve the effort-level for recycling end of life (EOL) product, and increase the processing rate of EOL product. The conclusions are helpful to guide the formulation and implementation of the strategy of sustainable development in China nowadays. In addition, the research has great realistic significance for instilling the consciousness of environmental protection.
The Environmental Performance of the E-Waste Trade-in Program in Nanjing, China
Authors: Li Zhi Yuan , Li Yang Fan , Wang Feng
Published: June 2012

In this study, we use questionnaires, interviews and some other research methods to investigate the implementation outcome of the household appliance ‘Old for New’ trade-in program (hereafter the trade-in program), and apply the methods of comparative analysis and stakeholder analysis to evaluate the program. This paper, taking the city of Nanjing as an example, aims to provide insights to these questions, and more significantly, to advance some practical and efficient suggestions as how to formulate a reasonable, efficient waste household appliances (hereafter WHA) recycling system in Nanjing.
The Prediction of the Output of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Nanchong City
Authors: Yuan Ao , Wu Chun , Huang Zheng Wen
Published: June 2012

With the increase of urban population, the large number of municipal solid waste(MSW) has increasingly become a major threat to the urban environment and the health of urban residents. So the treatment of MSWs is very important and urgent. This paper analyzed the major factors influenced on the output of MSW in Nanchong city, the dominant factors influenced the output of MSW are urban population, per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents. And the output of MSW in the next future decades was predicted using the Binary Linear Regression Model. Finally, put forward some suggestions to provide a reference for the reduction, recycle and safe treatment of MSW in Nanchong City.
The Technology of Manufacturing Waste Fiber and Flame Retardant TPU Composites by Mixed Hotpressing
Authors: Chi Fei Fei , Yu Yong Ling , Lv Li Hua
Published: June 2012

For the large number of waste cotton/hemp blend fiber, the molding technology of manufacturing waste blend composites was designed and optimized by mixed hot pressing in this paper, and the mechanical properties of composites were analyzed. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum conditions were given as follows: cotton, hemp, TPU fiber composite: the ratio of waste blending fiber 40:60,hotpressing temperature180°C，the concentration of TPU 60%,hotpressing pressure 10Mpa,.The density of composite made by this condition was1.220 g/cm2. Under above conditions, the composites had the density 1.220g/cm2, the tensile strength32.30Mpa, the bending strength 28.51Mpa and the energy absorption of impact 37.25 KJ/m2, heat transfer coefficient 0.0018W/M•K.
Effects of the Accumulation of Different Plastic Film on the Quantities of Soil Microbial
Authors: Jia Rui Yu , Zhao Xiao Guang , Yang Yang
Published: June 2012

This study has adopted potted experiment to study systematically the effect on soil microbial quantities of the accumulation of five different plastic film: for 0 year ,for 5years ,for 10 years ,for 15 years ,and for 20 years , and has analyzed the change trends of soil microbial activity. Whose relationship with soil quality has also been explored through analysis of the situation on crop growth, so as to provide scientific basis for law of the accumulation of plastic film on soil microbial activity.
Vermicomposting of Chinese Medicine Residue with Earthworms
Authors: Liu Ming Da , Cong Na , Zhang Wei , Wang Yao Jing
Published: June 2012

Vermicomposting experiments were conducted to study the effects of Chinese medicine residue at optimal moisture content on growth and fecundity of Eisenia foetida in laboratory. Under the conditions of different pH and inoculation density, the treatment effects were determined through analyzing the changes of Chinese medicine residue properties. The results showed that the optimal pH for Eisenia foetida was 6.5, and that 40 earthworms per 1kg residues was the most appropriate density for unfermented Chinese medicine residue. Compared with the control, the earthworm treatment could significantly accelerate organic matter mineralization and promote the degradation of materials. After vermicomposting, pH value of the residue was close to neutral, and total N and the enzyme activities were both significantly increased. While the value of C/N and TOC were both reduced. These results suggested that vermicomposting was a better way for Chinese medicine residue treatment, the rate of quantitative reduction and the treatment efficiency were 73.54% and 44.52%, respectively.
Waste Activated Sludge Treated by the Cation Exchange Resin Method for Microbial Flocculant Preparation
Authors: Zhang Zhi Qiang , Zhang Jiao
Published: June 2012

As a concomitant of wastewater biological treatment, waste activated sludge (WAS) has become a current problem due to its huge production and potential environmental pollution. In this paper, the WAS from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) treated by the cation exchange resin (CER) method for microbial flocculant (MBF) preparation was introduced. Various influencing factors, including sludge pH, sludge concentration, CER dosage, stirring intensity, and treatment time, were systematically investigated. The MBF extracted from neutral or alkalescent sludge shows higher flocculating activity than that from acid sludge. Increasing sludge concentration is beneficial to the MBF extraction. The flocculating activity of the extracted MBF can be enhanced by increasing the stirring intensity or the added CER dose. However, with extending extraction time, the flocculating activity of the extracted MBF increases and reaches to a peak, and then hold the line on the whole. Therefore, the CER method is feasible to extract MBF from excess sludge, which could provide a new way for WAS resource reuse, as well as cut down the cost of MBF preparation.
Selection of Scrap Automobile Manufacturers Reverse Logistics Suppliers
Authors: Zhou Cheng Liang , Xue Hen Xin
Published: June 2012

Evaluation index system of reverse logistics partners is designed from four aspects: cost, environment performance and basic factors of an enterprise, combined with features of automobile manufacturing enterprises. Meanwhile, weight of indexes is derived from an integrated method, and TOPSIS method is adopted for evaluation. An example is given to show the feasibility of the method in selection of reverse logistics partners for automobile manufacturing enterprises.
Experimental Analysis on Desalinization of Brackish Water by Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Wang Shu Na , Wang Xia
Published: June 2012

The water resources of the local west are seriously lacking, and most of water is brackish water with high contains of fluorine quantity. This topic used the RO desalination processing craft to desalt the water in order to provide the drinkable water in the west. The result indicated that the RO brackish water desalination technology is feasible, the quality of desalinated water can meet the national drinking water health standard.
On Water-Saving in Water Supply and Drainage of Buildings
Authors: Cao Shuang Mei
Published: June 2012

Through the analysis on the situation of water-saving in water supply and drainage system of our country, we recognize that there are still some problems in water-saving of buildings and we still have many works to do on water-saving. In order to build a water-saving society, and to save and protect water resources, we must improve our consciousness on water-saving, innovate water-saving technology, and promote the applications of water-saving equipments and facilities.
Differentiated Design of Corona Noise Abatement in 500 kV Substation
Authors: Zhang Guang Zhou , Zhang Xiao Qin , Zhang Gong Da , Rui Ke
Published: June 2012

Based on the analysis of the corona noise, the UV image from bus-bar in some typical designed substation, and the calculations of the 3-dimensional finite element models of spacer, the conclusion is drawn that the two-bundle conductor spacers are the main sources in the switchyard. Differentiation design is applied to optimize the end fitting structure the results show that the surface electric gradient of the optimized spacers can be the same level as that of the bus-bar, which reduces the corona noise in the yard.
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using Improved Lifting Scheme
Authors: Jiang Hong Kai , He Yi Na , Duan Chen Dong
Published: June 2012

Vibration signal carries dynamic information of rotating machinery and the useful information often is corrupted by noise. Effective signal de-noising and feature extraction methods are necessary to analyze these signals. In this paper, an improved lifting scheme is proposed for such vibration signal analysis. The auto-correlation factor of scale decomposition vibration signal is used as to optimize the prediction operator and update operator at each sample point, which can adapt to the vibration signal characteristic. Improved lifting scheme decomposition and reconstruction procedures are designed. Experimental results confirm the advantage of the proposed method over redundant wavelet transform for rolling bearing fault diagnosis, and the typical fault features in time domain are desirably extracted by improved lifting scheme.
Intelligent Diagnosis Method for Rotating Machinery Using Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Li Ke , Chen Peng , Sun Hao
Published: June 2012

This paper proposes an intelligent method for diagnosing structural faults of rotating machinery using ant colony optimization (ACO) and non-dimensional symptom parameters (NSPs) in order to detect faults and distinguish fault types at an early stage. NSPs are defined for reflecting the features of vibration signals measured in each state. Detection index (DI) using statistical theory has also been defined to evaluate the applicability of the NSPs. The DI can be used to indicate the fitness of an NSP for ACO. Lastly, the state identification for the condition diagnosis of rotating machinery is converted to a clustering problem of the values of NSPs calculated from vibration signals in different states of the machine. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is also introduced for this purpose. Practical examples of fault diagnosis for rotating machinery are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The verification results show that the structural faults often occurring in a rotation machinery, such as a unbalance, a misalignment and a looseness states are effectively identified by the proposed method.
Improved EEMD in the Application of Signal Singularity Detection
Authors: Zhang Mei Jun , Wang Chuang , Chen Hao , Tu Qun Zhang
Published: June 2012

In order to solve the endpoint effect and modal aliasing phenomenon in EMD and EEMD,Improved EEMD is put forward, and the application in signal singularity detection is researched in this paper. The improved EEMD will signal drops down into a series of different IMF to highlight the different local characteristics of original data, and then calculate Hilbert marginal spectrum and time-frequency spectrum to determine the frequency of these mutations and mutations position. To compared with FT, STFT, WVD,WT, EMD and EEMD etc, No cross-terms and no false IMF components are produced in the Hilbert time-frequency spectrum of the improved EEMD. Different frequency components and frequency mutations position are clearly distinguished at the same time. The Hilbert time-frequency spectrum of the improved EEMD has more superior detection signal singularity ability.
Research on Free Damping Treatment for a Marine Life Hoist of the Helicopter
Authors: Qi Jia Rui , Dai Jing Tao , Li Yan Li , Zhang Dan Feng
Published: June 2012

Free damping treatment for a marine life hoist of the helicopter is analyzed in this paper. Based on the pipe structure used in actual life hoist bracket, the complex rigidity method is used to analyze the damping loss factor of the pipe structure. When the temperature is 30°C and the thickness of the damping material is 2.5mm, the damping loss factor of the structure increases by 9.83 times. The damping ratio of the first mode reaches 11.61%. The results indicate that the free damping treatment can obviously increase the damping loss factor and the modal damping ratio of the structure, which can mitigate structural vibration and reduce noise induced by the vibration.
Vibration Research of Electromechanical Coupling System on HEV
Authors: Yue Dong Peng , Liu Yang
Published: June 2012

A power system on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) was chosen for research. On the basis of analysis of characteristic parameters of motor on system, the hybrid system’ dynamics characteristic under electro-mechanical coupling was completely studied. The vibration of hybrid power system was qualitatively studied on theory and experiments when motor were under two different kinds of mode from electricity to push, and two results were consistent with each other well.
Viscous-Elastic Half-Space Vibration Stimulated by High-Speed Moving Loads of Different Speeds
Authors: Qian Tao , Shui Xiao Ping , Zhang Yong Fa , Guo Yong Gang , Ma Meng
Published: June 2012

A rule of response of an infinite viscous-elastic half-space stimulated by the moving loads of different speeds is outlined in this paper. In order to obtain a three-dimensional analytical solution of the Viscous-elastic half-space with the moving loads of different speeds, the Laplace transform and relative coordinate transformation in cylindrical coordinates are used. Then, the IFFT and relative coordinate transformation are used to solve two-dimensional infinite integration which can greatly improve the operational efficiency. The rules of responses of different velocities from the results by using the principle of dynamics and energy dissipation are also analyzed and induced in this paper, and obtain the incentives of displacement distortion by the super-Rayleigh wave velocity at surface. The results could be referred in improving the practical security in the project.
Study on Replacement of EHC Using HVOF Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Zha Bai Lin , Yuan Xiao Jing , Wang De Wen
Published: June 2012

Environmental protection and worker safety measures against the extensively used hard chrome plating (EHC) is becoming more stringent, which leads to the development and application of alternative technology. As one of the most promising replacement technology of EHC, WC/Co coatings deposited by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) have well performances in corrosion and wear resistance. The paper analyzed technical characteristics, property and cost of EHC and HVOF deposited WC-Co coatings, while results show that performance of HVOF sprayed WC-Co coatings is superior or equal to EHC with much higher expense, so current replacement of EHC by HVOF centers airplane and military arm field which have relatively higher profit.
Waste Energy Recovery from a Silicon Smelting Furnace — Technology Design and Economic Analysis
Authors: He Hong Zhou , Zhuang Huang Huang , Li Zhi Wei , Zou Zheng
Published: June 2012

In order to improve the overall efficiency of energy utilization in silicon smelting furnace, a technology solution to recover the furnace radiant heat and exhaust energy was described in this paper; and based on the operation data of a 3200 KV•A industrial silicon smelting furnace, a 400 kW steam turbine generator unit was designed, and the economic benefit from the technology solution was also analyzed. The results show that this technology solution brings a remarkable performances of energy saving and emission reduction: about 14% of the supplying energy could be recovered; the investment payback period is between two and three years, the economic benefit from the technology solution would reach 4.72 million yuan in ten years.
Response Surface Optimization of Deproteinization from Shrimp Shell by Pepsin
Authors: Gou Jing Xuan , Dong Wen Bin , Zeng Qiao , Ding Yong
Published: June 2012

For the purpose of establishing a method of deprotein from the shrimp shell powder that is ready to prepare chitin by pepsin, which is a environment more friendly method compare to the other traditional methods. One factor experiment was applied to study the optimal deproteinization conditions., The data of one factor experiments indicates that the proper catalytic condition might be as follows, pH1.5, temperature 35°C, enzyme dose 500U/g, and the process time 4 hours, take the cost of production into account. On the basis of these results, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the optimal process conditions, the data indicates that the optimal condition occurs at 700 U/g, 36.09°C, and 5 hours, and the maximum deproteinization rate approaches 8.47%.
Markov Chain for Predicting of Annual Precipitation Based on Entropy Weight
Authors: Ma Zhan Qing , Xie Yong Mei , Wen Shu Yao
Published: June 2012

Aimed at the feature of annual precipitation,this paper puts forward a predicting Markov chain method based on entropy weight. Data of precipitation in Hangzhou,from 1956 to 2009,was used as an example. The precipitation can be predicted year by year using the Markov chain models based on entropy weight. Hangzhou past 5 years the results of precipitation yearly basis,respectively：the absolute error of 73mm,27mm,-22mm,-17mm and 20mm;the relative error was 5.66%, 2.03%,-1.59%,-1.08% and 1.30%.The error value of smaller than ±5％ and ±10％ was 36.67% and 60.00% respectively in the 30 years of precipitation prediction. M-K test was applied for nearly 30 years of predicting results for time series analysis, the results show that the prediction data with the increase in prediction accuracy tends to gradually increase.
Application of Ultrasonic Bathometer for Muddy-Water to Intellectual Detection of Root-Stone in the Yellow River
Authors: Ren Xiu Hua , Zhang Chao , Qin Guang Jiu , Zhang Jin Sheng
Published: June 2012

According to the technology requirement of intellectual detection for root-stone in the Yellow River, a new ultrasonic instrument with high precision and strong penetration----StrataBox bathometer for muddy-water profile is introduced in the paper on the analysis of the existing detecting technology. Furthermore, 3 dams in Ji’nan are taken as the application examples to detect underwater root-stone with the bathometer. The experimental results show that StrataBox is an ideal intellectual detecting instrument with good performance and easy practice especially for the Yellow River.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Effects of Heterogeneity on Channeling in Waterflooding
Authors: Wang Wei , Yue Xiang An , Zhao Ren Bao , Yang Hui
Published: June 2012

Water channeling is easy to occur during the process of water flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs. It leads to injected water noneffective cycling, the recovery decreasing and the development cost rising. By means of physical experiments and theoretical analysis, characteristics of water channeling are studied in different heterogeneous reservoirs. The result shows that when permeability contrast is lesser than 5.88, the development performance of reservoirs is similar to homogeneous reservoirs and water cut rises slowly after water breakthrough. If permeability contrast is higher than 5.88, the recovery curve has an inflexion, water cut rises rapidly and water channeling is easy to occur after breakthrough. Therefore, permeability contrast should be lesser than 5.88 in terms of layer series division in interlayer heterogeneous reservoirs. Measures must be taken to avoid water channeling when permeability contrast is higher than 5.88 in inner heterogeneous reservoirs.
The Multi-Objective Differential Evolutionary Algorithms and its Application in Optimal Allocation of Water Resources
Authors: Long Yan Hong , Yu Li Yang
Published: June 2012

Abstract: Differential evolution algorithm (differential evolution DE) is a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on groups， which instructs optimization search by swarm intelligence produced by co-operation and competition among individuals within groups. This paper presents it to the research of optimal allocation of water resources. Accord to the application of the example, the results shows that reasonable and effective.
Analysis of Legal System and Public Policy on Rural Water Source in China
Authors: Liu Zhen Hua
Published: June 2012

Source of water is the beginning of rural drinking water projects, safe water source is the key to rural drinking water safety. Status of rural drinking water source in china and laws and regulations on rural water conservation were analyzed. The population of centralized water supply accounts for 51% of the total population in rural areas in 2008, centralized water supply 49%. Groundwater source accounts for 57% of the population of centralized water supply projects in rural areas in 2008, surface water sources 43%. China has a relatively sound legal system of drinking water source, including basic law, general law, administrative regulations, local regulations.The paper draws a conclusion that sources of drinking water in rural areas is mainly groundwater, water conservation is short of specific laws and regulations and not suitable for rural area,it is necessary to improve laws and regulations on rural water conservation, government must assume responsibility for rural water conservation, especially financial investment and public policy support.
Analysis on Reinjecting Modes in Geothermal Well of Porous Aquifer
Authors: Gao Zhi Juan , Li Shu Heng , Bi Pan , Li Duo
Published: June 2012

In order to guide geothermal well reinjecting in the geothermal aquifers.4 different reinjected modes were adopted, analyzed the capacity and lasted time, the water level moved and the absorbing water index changed in accumulative reinjecting. Test results show that under the condition of the intermittent nature, Lasted time is short, reinjecting capacity is limited, in "wash well-reinjecting" mode, the volume of reinjected water is increased with the time of washing well, lasted time is longer, the volume of reinjected is greater, the volume decreased gradually in pressurized reinjected mode, the capacity of system has a great effect on operating the way. The research results have theoretical and practical significances for geothermal reinjecting well in porous aquifer.
Application of Higher Probability Weighted Moments in Flood Frequency Analysis
Authors: Li Yang , Song Song Bai
Published: June 2012

This paper aims to study the use of higher probability moments (PWMs) for flood frequency analysis. By estimating the parameters of GEV distribution and matching higher PWMs to annual maximum flow series in northern Shaanxi. The results show that higher PWMs describe the data reasonably better than lower PWMs in flood analysis. This method involves no more complication than lower PWMs that be commonly used, and is suitable for flood frequency analysis.
Application of Numerical Simulation to Stir-Scour Sediment Dredging in the Yellow River Irrigation Areas
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ren Xiu Hua , Li Jian Yong , Qin Shun Shun
Published: June 2012

In order to tackle the existing problems of silt-removing, a new stir-scour dredging technology, especially applied in the Yellow River irrigation areas, is introduced in the paper. Furthermore, numerical simulation and hydromechanics is respectively utilized to study the mixing and settling process of river sediment and to analyze flow characteristics, silt-removing process in the design condition, which shows that the new stir-scour dredging technology is ideal and easy practice especially for the Yellow River.
Atmosphere-Ocean-Groundwater Modeling System for Seawater Intrusion Simulation in Liaodong Bay Coastal Plain, China
Authors: Ding Fei , Yamashita Takao , Lee Han Soo
Published: June 2012

Precipitation and seawater level are the two important factors to be considered in seawater intrusion simulation. However, these data are lacking in some regions of the world. Thus, limits the study on seawater intrusion. Considering the lack of availability of data on precipitation and seawater level, an atmosphere–ocean-groundwater modeling system was constructed in this paper. In the modeling system, the atmosphere model (MM5) and the ocean model (POM) is used to simulate the precipitation and seawater level, respectively while the SEAWAT model is used for groundwater model simulation. The system is used for seawater intrusion simulation case study in the Liaodong Bay coastal plain. The study shows that the atmosphere–ocean-groundwater modeling system provides a very reasonable result.
Estimating Parameters of SAR Model by Recursive Least Square Method
Authors: Cheng Meng , Guk Jo Song , Wang Jin Wen
Published: June 2012

Seasonal runoff series can be described by seasonal autoregressive model, which is extensively applied in long-term runoff forecasting. The common way of parameters estimation is moment estimation. This paper estimates parameters of seasonal autoregressive model by recursive least square method and applies the method in forecasting the monthly runoff for the Three Gorges. An effective procedure based upon the least fitting error is proposed to determine the model order. The forecasting results are satisfactory.
Relation between Plant and Groundwater Depth: A Case Study in Subei Lake of Ordos Plateau
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Dong , Zhao Zhen Hong , Ma Hong Yun , Guo Li
Published: June 2012

Based on the method of investigating natural vegetation and exposing groundwater table by sinking shallow wells with hand drill, the relations between total coverage of vegetation community, respective coverage of each species and species succession and groundwater depth are established in Subei Lake of Ordos plateau. The results indicate that there is significant correlation between total coverage of vegetation community and groundwater depth within 1.6m. The respective coverage of some wetland species has different peak values. It indicates that these species have certain ecological groundwater depth. The relation between species succession and groundwater depth shows that wet and saline vegetation are predominant when groundwater depth is less than 0.6m. xerophyte and sandy vegetation are predominant when groundwater depth is above 3.2m. In addition, 1.6m is the critical groundwater depth of vegetation ecotone. This region has the largest number of vegetation species.
Research on Hydraulic Behaviors of Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration System under Different Configurations
Authors: Dong Jin Feng , Zhang Yue , Zhang Wei Yu
Published: June 2012

An object function of hydraulic efficiency for subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) is presented in this paper. The hydraulic behaviors of two infiltration systems with different configurations were simulated using SEEP/W. The results indicated that choosing appropriate configuration of SWIS can improve the hydraulic efficiency.
Vegetation-Groundwater Relationship Model for Subei Lake Watershed and Prediction of Vegetation Succession Rules under Exploitation
Authors: Li Ying , Zhao Gui Zhang , Zeng Lei , Wang Cun Liang
Published: June 2012

Located in an arid and semi-arid region with low rainfall and high evaporation, the Subei Lake watershed has fragile ecological environment; the impact of groundwater level recession on vegetation ecology is the key problem for the exploitation and utilization of groundwater resource in this region. In this paper, a succession model for vegetation and burial depth of groundwater level was constructed through field survey, and was used along with numeric simulation to predict the change in burial depth of groundwater level in the study area under exploitation and to analyze and predict the vegetation succession rules and processes. It is believed from the study that, while groundwater level falls constantly, the burial depth of groundwater level will increase gradually, and succession will occur gradually from aquatic vegetation to mesophytic and xerophytic vegetations, from Carex L. and Iris ensata Thunb shoaly lands to Achnatherum splendens shoaly lands, from Salix psammophila shrubs to Artemisia desterorum Spreng shrubs, and from Populus simonii to Salix matsudana.
Vulnerability Assessment of Land Subsidence Induced by Groundwater Overexploitation — A Case of Xixi-Chengnan Area in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Chen Yu , Shu Long Cang
Published: June 2012

This research takes the land subsidence in Xixi-Chengnan area, Jiangsu province as a case study, quantifies the relative land subsidence vulnerability in terms of vulnerability degree and determines the numerical classification of vulnerability level at the township scale based on the constructed subsidence vulnerability assessment framework, and the detail analysis of natural geographical environment and regional socio-economic conditions in the study area. The vulnerability assessment process is quantitative, objective and comprehensive, provides effective information for the systematic study of land subsidence in Xixi-Chengnan area, lays the foundation for planning of regional land subsidence disaster prevention and reduction, and is worthy of learning for the whole Su-Xi-Chang area and even other subsidence areas.
Establishing the Ecological Circulation Circle in the Water Source Areas of the South–to–North Water Diversion Middle Routes Project
Authors: Ji Hui Yin
Published: June 2012

The South–to–North Water Diversion project provides water mainly for Henan and Hebei province , Beijing and Tianjin city . So the ecological environment protection in the water source areas is very important. But the ecological environment of water source areas of the middle route project is damaged becsuse a large amount of fertilizer and pesticide are used in the field, the pollution is heavy, and some lakes are turned into fields at some area. The systematic ecological circulation circles have not been established. This paper puts forward the countermeasures and methods of establishing the ecological circulation circle in the water rource areas of the middle route project after it illustrates the importance of establishing the ecological circulation circle in the water source areas , and analyzes the problems of the ecological circulation circle in the water source areas.
Estimation of Environmental Flow Requirements in the Zhangweixin River Estuary, China
Authors: Peng Tao , Chen Xiao Hong , Wang Gao Xu
Published: June 2012

Environmental flow requirements (EFRs for short), which considered the requirements for protection of migratory fishes habitat in spawning and larval period, were analyzed in this paper for the Zhangweixin River Estuary (ZRE for short), China. Based on the different levels of salinity objectives and the relationship between salinity and the freshwater inflows, the EFRs for the ZRE were determined. Annual EFRs should be 2.1 × 108 and 9.9 × 108 m3 for the minimum and appropriate levels objectives in the ZRE, respectively. The minimum and appropriate EFRs can be satisfied by 38% and 11% of year’s annual freshwater inflows in the ZRE during 1956-2010, respectively. Moreover, with the freshwater inflows decreasing, the monthly EFRs for the ZRE cannot be fulfilled in longer period of the year. The seasonal discrepancy between the water quantity requirement to meet ecological goals and the practical freshwater inflows was outstanding during longer periods of the 2000s. The periods from March to September should be considered as the critical seasons to maintain the minimum environmental flows in the ZRE.
Discussion on On-Way Distribution Regulation of Slop Runoff Shear Stress and its Influencing Factors
Authors: Wu Qing , Wang Dong Mei , Yang Chun Xia
Published: June 2012

By outdoor stimulation experiments of slope runoff scouring, the on-way distribution regulation of slope runoff shear stress and its influencing factors were studied. In the experiments, different conditions were stimulated, including three levels of grass coverage (bare slope: 0%, low level: 30%-40%, high level: 70%-80%), slopes of four gradients(15°, 20°, 25°, 30°), and three levels of discharge(3L/min, 5L/min, 8L/min). The results showed that the slope runoff shear stress was directly proportional to scouring discharge, but inversely proportional to grass coverage, it was also greatly influenced by the plot gradients, but the relationship was complicated. The value of slope runoff shear stress fluctuated on different on-way sections, besides, the fluctuation range and the initial fluctuation section both differed as conditions changed, including grass coverage, discharge and gradients. Provided high level of discharge and low coverage, the fluctuation range would be large and had a high frequency.
A Comparative Study of Cr-Tolerance and Removal Capacity of Different Strains
Authors: Liang Li Hua , Fan Dai Di , Yang Liu , Ma Pei , Zhu Xiao Li
Published: June 2012

Chromium(Ⅵ) is hazardous to environment. It can be efﬁciently removed by chromate resistant bacterial consortium. In this study five bacterial strains were isolated and cultured in liquid media containing Cr(Ⅵ) ions. The result shows that they grew better after culturing 24h than 48h and 72h. In the assay removing Cr(Ⅵ) by these strains, all of them presented excellent bioaccumulation abilities. When inital Cr(Ⅵ) ions concentration was 650mg/l, strain 2-7 displayed a best removal potential of 85.8% removal and 24.83 mg/g•h-1 uptake rate. However, it seemed that the resistance and the removal potential of heavy metal had no direct connection.
Preliminary Discussion on the Activity of Denitrifying Phosphorus-Removing Bacteria in Sequencing Batch Reactors by Quinone Profile Analysis
Authors: Luo Yu Jiao , Qiu Ling Feng , Chen Yi Ming , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2012

Based on DPBs (Denitrifying Phosphorus-removing Bacteria) obtained from a lab-scale SBR, a quinone profile system had been established to analyze quinones in sludge samples. There existed a positive correlation between the contents of UQ-8 extracted from the sludge samples and the denitrifying and phosphorus removal efficiency of the treating system. With quinone profiles taken as a new important index, it was evidently feasible to determine the removal effect.
Air Dehumidification with the Porous Hydrophobic Wall in Underground Tunnel
Authors: Cheng Zhong Qing , Jiang Hai Bo , Li Yan Ru
Published: June 2012

Air can be dehumidified with the porous hydrophobic wall in mostly underground tunnel in constant zone of subsurface temperature. For water vapor through the wall, it must produce a concentration difference between both sides of the wall. According to this principle, a test is done combined with repair works on an underground tunnel. The hydrophobic porous mortar is scraped on geotextile, which is pasted on the painted original tunnel wall as hydraulic conductivity layer where vapor condense and water flow away. It is recognized that temperature and mass transfer rate is relative to tunnel air velocity, air temperature and partial pressure of water vapor, the temperature in constant zone of subsurface temperature and the saturated water vapor partial pressure. Comparative test results show that the condensation dew on the wall is disappeared completely, the wall dehumidifies air effectively, and saving dehumidifier power is more than 50% in normal humidity range.
Energy Consumption and Environmental Benefits Valuation of Wood-Frame Architecture
Authors: He Li Ping , Chen Yu , Wang Xue Ru
Published: June 2012

The enormous consumption of resources and energy of construction industry results in severe environmental pollution. From both the views of energy consumption and environmental footprint, this article analyzed theoretically the energy consumption and environmental benefits on life cycle of wood-frame building, in order to determine the general impact on environment by appropriate building materials, so that some ideas for development of wood-frame architecture can be concluded.
Evaluation of Pitched Roof Applied in Chinese Modern Architectural Design
Authors: Wu Yong
Published: June 2012

In Chinese history, pitched roof acted as cultural carrier and hierarchy symbols; it is still accepted as image of home today and widely used by architects. From three important aspects as connotation, function and aesthetics, this paper shows the value of pitched roof in modern architecture under Chinese background, and provides some recent experiments on inheriting of conventional pitched roof.
Residential Platoon Lampblack Machine in Adjustable under Shielded Enclosures Flow Characteristics Experimental Analysis
Authors: Wang Yue Ren , Su Zhi Yang , Song Bo
Published: June 2012

Purpose: Through to the kitchen lampblack machine in additional adjustable covered under the shielded enclosures for experiments, Testing whether it can effectively prevents the burning gas of waste and cooking produces in the process of lampblack diffusion. Through the additional adjustable cover lampblack machine to reduce the exhaust air, In order to save electricity and along with the reducing of the exhaust air, The heat of add fresh air will reduce. Would this easy and effective energy saving. Methods: Through the platoon lampblack machine on both sides of the additional adjustable cover hood, With the method of experimental detection of inside the kitchen CO and CO2 concentration. Results: In additional adjustable covered after cover CO and CO2 concentration decreased, exhaust air reduced. Conclusion: Shielded enclosures effective hindered the spread of lampblack, the new air volume air is reduced, and the heat gets lower, which saves energy.
The Development of Highway Pavement Damage Investigation System (HPDIS) Based on Road Maintenance Design Needs
Authors: Cheng Yong Chun , Bai Ri Hua
Published: June 2012

In practice, the quality of the investigation can affect the final outcome of a road maintenance design; therefore, pavement damage investigation is very important for road maintenance design. Considering the feature and requirement of maintenance design procedure, this research developed a new artificial pavement damage investigation equipment （HPDIS）by using certain precise techniques, such as GPS-based positioning technology, high resolution digital camera, range positioning system, and digital display type angle meter. The system can be directly used in pavement assessment and the design system. In addition, data communications can be accomplished by this new equipment as well. Due to these features, it makes road maintenance design more efficient.
An Experimental Study of the Zhao He Grassland Soil Wind Erosion Characteristics on the Northern Foothills of Yin Shan Mountain
Authors: Chen Jian Qiang , Zhao Man Quan , Chen Zhi
Published: June 2012

The soil erosion test was carried out for the Zhao He grassland on the northern foothills of Yin Shan Mountain by the use of a portable wind erosion tunnel developed by Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, the variation low of soil wind erosion rate with the different wind speed and different arrangement in pairs of different soil moisture content and different vegetation coverage was obtained and the data analysis indicates that the anti-wind erosion characteristics of ground surface is most satisfactory when the vegetation coverage is 40%, soil moisture content 9.3% and the height of vegetation 50cm. The result of this study may provide a certain reference date for the application of prevention and control technology of soil wind erosion and be of vital significance to the implementation of sustainable development of livestock husbandry.
Experimental Research about the Influence of Grass Coverage on Loess Slope Runoff Sediment Yield
Authors: Zhang Lu , Chen Yuee , Wu Qing
Published: June 2012

It was important to explore the law of water and sediment reduction of loess slope in different grass coverage for carrying out the grass construction and controlling slope erosion in the Loess Plateau. Using the tests of outside artificially runoff erosion simulation, in the condition of 5L/min of the scouring flows, we conducted a pilot study of sediment yield, erosion rates, and runoff sediment concentration in three different slope conditions of 15°, 20°, 25° and three grass coverage conditions of bare slope, 30%~40% and 70%~80%. The results showed that: the grass coverage has significantly influences on sediment yield, erosion rate and runoff sediment concentration of loess slope. Sediment yield of loess slope with grass coverage of 70 ~ 80% is less than 10% of that of bare slope. Under the same conditions of gradient and grass coverage, the sediment yield and runoff sediment concentration had a direct proportion with the scouring flow. Under the same conditions of gradient and scouring flows, the erosion rate and runoff sediment yield of loess slope are basically the same. Grass has a significant role in enhancing resistance to corrosion of soil and reducing erosion of loess slope.
Responses of Soil Respiration to Precipitation Changes in Mongolian Pine Plantation at Horqin Sandy Lands in Northeast China
Authors: Fan Zhi Ping , Sun Xue Kai , Li Fa Yun , Wang Qiong
Published: June 2012

Soil respiration as a major flux in the global carbon cycle plays an important role in regulating soil carbon pools. Global climatic changes including warming and a changing precipitation pattern could have a profound impact on soil respiration of terrestrial ecosystems, especially in arid and semiarid region where water is limited. We conducted a field experiment to simulate precipitation changes in a Mongolian pine plantation at Horqin sandy lands. The results indicated that, soil respiration was significantly affected by reduced rainfall treatment and water addition treatment in 9 experiment plots. Soil respiration rates in the water addition treatment plots increased about 40.7% to 166.4% and decreased about 34.0% to 70.0% in the reduced rainfall treatment plots. A model of the relationships between soil respiration and moisture with temperature was obtained by an empirical equation. Through operating the model, it was indicated that the highest soil respiration rate occurred at high soil water contents and intermediate soil temperatures in 9 plots. In the combined responses of soil respiration to soil temperature and soil moisture, soil temperature as a single independent variable explained only 29.9% of variance in soil respiration, and soil moisture was 71.3% of variance in soil respiration. It was concluded from our results that precipitation compared with soil temperature dominated more significantly the variability of ecosystem soil respiration in semiarid sandy lands.
Study on the Design and Matching of the Measures for Karst Rocky Desertification Control in Small Catchment Scale
Authors: Xiao Shi Zhen , Ying Bin , Xiong Kang Ning , Deng Kun Feng , Tang Liang , Hu Zheng Wei
Published: June 2012

The Renjiang River Catchment in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province of China was selected as the study area to research how to design and match the measures for rocky desertification control and ecosystem restoration. SPOT satellite image (resolution 2.5m), the topographic maps (1:10000), regionalism Map (1:50000), hydrogeological map were used to research under the 3S-Technology (GPS, RS, GIS) and software including ArcView, ArcGIS and Erdas. Many times of field survey and discussions with the local people and government were also carried out. Conclusions were drawn that: the design and match of the measures for the Renjiang River Catchment is scientific and rational; land use conditions, rocky desertification grades, land suitability assessment and prediction of the cultivated land demanded are very important for the design and matching of the measures for the rocky desertification control; a comprehensive idea for each small catchement how to select and design individual measure and how to match the measures together to achieve the best effect of rocky desertification control is also important. Finally, suggestions are given for the karst rocky desertification areas that land use conditions, rocky desertification grades, land suitability assessment and prediction of the cultivated land demanded should be fully considered in the process of designing and matching the measures; the land use should be matched with the rocky desertification and should support the scale of measured designed; measures can be implemented only when these measures do not threat the basic cultivated land demand; the land suitability should also support the area of the measures designed.