bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge in Sight: Toddlers Plan Efficient Epistemic Actions by Anticipating Learning Gains
Authors: Aguirre Marie , Brun Mélanie , Couderc Auriane , Reboul Anne , Senez Philomène , Mascaro Olivier
Published: January 2022

Anticipating the learning consequences of actions is crucial to plan efficient information-seeking. Such a capacity is needed for learners to determine which actions are most likely to result in learning. Here, we tested the early ontogeny of the human capacity to anticipate the amount of learning gained from seeing. In Study 1, we tested infants’ capacity to anticipate the availability of sight. Fourteen-month-old infants (N = 72) were invited to search for a toy hidden inside a container. The participants were faster to attempt at opening a shutter when this action allowed them to see inside the container. Moreover, this effect was specifically observed when seeing inside the container was potentially useful to the participants’ goals. Thus, infants anticipated the availability of sight, and they calibrated their information-seeking behaviors accordingly. In Studies 2-3, we tested toddlers’ capacity to anticipate whether data would be cognitively useful for their goals. Two-and-a-half-year-olds (N = 72) had to locate a target character hidden among distractors. The participants flipped the characters more often, and were comparatively faster to initiate this action when it yielded access to visual data allowing them to locate the target. Thus, toddlers planned their information-seeking behaviors by anticipating the cognitive utility of sight. In contrast, toddlers did not calibrate their behaviors to the cognitive usefulness of auditory data. These results suggest that cognitive models of learning guide toddlers’ search for information. The early developmental onset of the capacity to anticipate future learning gains is crucial for active learning.
Pronunciation Problems Encountered by EFL Learners: An Empirical Study
Authors: Jahara Syed Farhat , Abdelrady Abbas Hussein
Published: January 2022

Arabs often mispronounce many sounds of English due to a lack of exposure to English as a foreign language. This research article focuses on pronunciation problems encountered by Arab undergraduate EFL learners. It uses questionnaires, recorded speech samples, and pronunciation tests as part of its methodology to analyze learners’ performance orally through repetition drills to help participants articulate the sounds of English through Blackboard Collaborate Ultra Learning Management System. This research emphasizes the main question on the common problems encountered by EFL undergraduates with pronunciation skills. The study aims to train the students with pronunciation tests and phonemic inventory by repetition and imitation to overcome pronunciation miscues and fossilized miscues to enhance their pronunciation. This study is significant because it proposes feasible pedagogical techniques for imparting English sounds and initiating the learners to produce and acquire sounds more accurately, which will help Arab undergraduate EFL learners with their pronunciation problems. To achieve this goal, it proposes feasible pedagogical techniques to impart sounds of English and initiate the learners to produce and acquire sounds more accurately. One of the main findings of this research revealed that our EFL undergraduates have improved in their pronunciation through constant motivation and willingness to participate in the designed tests through Blackboard. Recommendations for further research would be on phonological awareness as an aid in learning EFL
Reciprocal altruism may have evolved by accident
Authors: Da Silva Sergio , Bonini Sergio
Published: January 2022

The most accepted explanation for the evolution of reciprocal altruism is based on cooperative reciprocators engaging in intertemporal choice. Here, we parsimoniously dismiss this narrative and suggest a new hypothesis based on random encounters of selfish individuals that result in theft. Theft can coexist with passive reactions on the victims, as it does not jeopardize survival and reproduction in times of abundance. As a result, offspring with psychological adaptations that allow them to ignore theft can become dependable reciprocators in times of scarcity. Published with the title:Unintentional Evolution: The Rise of Reciprocal AltruismHumans 2024, 4 (1), 22-33.https://doi.org/10.3390/humans4010002
The Future of Climate Resilience in Wheat
Authors: Lewis Janet M , Reynolds Matthew
Published: January 2022

As the most widely cultivated crop globally - providing 20% of all human calories and protein - there is an urgent need to increase wheat’s resilience to harsher climates [1]. The risk of simultaneous crop failures due to heat and/or drought in global “breadbaskets” has risen and is projected to rise further [2-4]. Severe water scarcity events are predicted for up to 60% of the world’s wheat-growing areas by the end of this century [5]. Furthermore, for each 1°C increase in average seasonal temperature, it is predicted that wheat yields will decrease by 6% on average globally, and much more in some already marginal environments where wheat is a traditional staple food [6,7]. At the current rate of yield gain, wheat production is predicted to fall well short of future demand due to population growth alone. Emerging environmental threats only make the challenge harder. On top of this, demand by consumers, farmers and the food industry is predicted to increase due to wheat’s high grain-protein content relative to other cereals, wide growing range and adaptability to most environmental stresses. Since farmer adoption of improved cultivars is a critical part of adaptation [8], new and more targeted breeding efforts are needed to ensure that wheat's climate resilience is maximized [9-11]. This article briefly outlines research that has been conducted and current research needs to develop climate resilient wheat.
Teaching Translation during COVID-19 Outbreak: Challenges and Discoveries
Authors: Alwazna Rafat Y.
Published: January 2022

The present paper addresses translation teaching during the COVID-19 outbreak, seeking to discover the challenges translation teachers encounter in online education and the solutions available to resolve them. Its importance springs from the fact that teaching almost all over the world had to depend on distant teaching/learning through electronic platforms to face the pandemic of COVID-19. Therefore, the present study seeks to discover the challenges encountered in online translation teaching and the proposed solutions to overcome them. It intends to answer the following questions: how does teaching translation during the COVID-19 outbreak look like? What are the challenges encountered in teaching translation during the COVID-19 outbreak? What are the discoveries found in teaching translation during the COVID-19 outbreak that may serve as advantages/solutions for the challenges faced? The paper uses a comprehensive questionnaire containing closed-ended and open-ended questions to elicit quantitative and qualitative data from sixty translation teachers. The data shows that 40% of the participants evaluate their online translation teaching experience during the COVID-19 outbreak as enjoyable. In contrast, no participant has assessed their online translation teaching experience as not good. About 23.33% of the participants consider their online translation teaching experience very good, and the same percentage applies to those who evaluate their online translation teaching experience as good to some extent. Thus, around 13.33% of the participants consider their online translation teaching experience good. The data also indicates that most participants have encountered obstacles in online teaching and have concurrently proposed solutions to resolve them.
A Need for a Substantive Change in Tertiary EFL Education
Authors: Aburizaizah Saeed Jameel
Published: January 2022

As Saudi Arabia is increasing its international influence and educational collaboration at a global scale, promoting the importance of English language teaching and learning in basic and tertiary education has been more prioritized in the country. Diverse programs are offered in universities, incorporating foundation year programs and curricula, which have become a must for anyone passionate about his/her future, and a strategic necessity for any university that aims at preparing its graduates for their career life. This paper investigates the birth of one of the newest approaches in EFL curriculum design that tries to re-launch the link between labor markets and demands of academic requirements, global society, on the one hand, and the learners’ needs on the other hand, and questions the opinions of foundation year students who completed one academic year of the newly launched curriculum in an English Language Institute at a Saudi public university, data collection employed a large-scale survey (n = 2000) that purposefully explores the students’ opinion on the new curriculum. Results obtained from 371 respondents reveal students’ satisfaction toward a clear improvement in their language skills, specifically presentation, vocabulary, and writing, and joint agreement that the course was autonomy supportive. It was also significant that the course increased the students’ intrinsic motivation and appreciation of the challenges and inspiration this curriculum had given to them. This paper is an extended piece of knowledge for further research. It provides an illustration of students’ deep thoughts on their target language needs for policymakers and curriculum designers to consider.
Reading Difficulties in English as a Second Language in Grade Five at a Saint Patrick’s High School for Boys, Hyderabad- India
Authors: Mohammad Zena Abdulameer , Hasbi Muhamad
Published: January 2022

Reading is one of the essential components of the English language. Countries that use English as a second language (ESL) sometimes have difficulties in reading and comprehension. According to many researches, mother tongue has proved some interferences with learning a second language. This study investigated the results of reading difficulties of young second language learners in terms of accuracy, comprehension, and rate using the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability test. The study was carried out in one of the High Schools for Boys in Hyderabad, India and included Grade five, aged 10-12 years. In order to understand the reading difficulties of English as a second language, a qualitative approach was employed. Interview, reading tests, and observation were conducted as a data collection tool. The findings showed that these subjects had no specific language impairments but they had different degrees of language exposure and usage that led to poor accuracy, comprehension, and reading rate during reading English language texts. Five students (50%) were classified at a low level of readers, three (30%) at a high level, and two (20%) at a mild level after evaluation of their compatibility between their chronological and reading age. It is suggested that the teachers should first assess students who struggle in reading accuracy and comprehension and then assist them with their language learning and acquisition that take place at school and home.
A Descriptive Analysis of Non-obligatory Shifts in Three Disney Animated Films Dubbed into Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: AlSuhaim Dana Sulaiman
Published: January 2022

This qualitative quantitative descriptive-analytical study aimed to describe the non-obligatory shifts employed in three English Disney animated films dubbed into MSA by applying Toury’s (1995/2012) normative model and shifts introduced in the course of his applied case studies. The researcher described and analyzed preliminary, initial and operational norms (non-obligatory shifts) employed on the level of three textual segments: the lexical-semantic, the stylistic, and the prosodic. The researcher compared those shifts with the original choices in the English versions of three selected Disney animated films. In the light of Toury’s theory (1995/2012), the current study investigated the hypothesis that the accepted socio-cultural, ideological, and linguistic norms of the Arabic culture directed the choices of the non-obligatory shifts chosen by the Arabic dubbers of English Disney animations dubbed into MSA. This investigation was conducted in application to three case studies, namely, Tangled (2010), Frozen (2013) and Big Hero 6 (2014). In order to decide the most frequently used shifts in the process of dubbing, the frequency rate of each non-obligatory shift was calculated to determine the highest frequently used shift. The study came to the conclusion that there is a direct relationship between the non-obligatory shifts (operational norms) applied during dubbing on the one hand and the socio-cultural, ideological, and linguistic norms imposed by the target culture on the other hand. Those target culture norms governed not only the operational choices but also the preliminary choices of the three selected Disney animated films dubbed into MSA. Affected by the preliminary and operational norms, Arab dubbers’ tendency towards producing acceptable rather than adequate translations decided the initial norms.
Assessment of Flipped Learning as an Innovative Method of Teaching English: A Case Study
Authors: Ivanytska Natalia , Dovhan Larysa , Tymoshchuk Nataliia , Osaulchyk Olga , Havryliuk Nataliia
Published: January 2022

The article aims to assess the efficiency of flipped learning as one of the most up-to-date methods when teaching English for the EFL students in Ukraine. The significance of the study bases on the necessity to implement advanced teaching practices during the COVID-19 pandemic since online learning requires constructive changes in the traditional system of education. It is necessary to shift from the direct knowledge transfer to searching and cognition of new information by students, to change the teacher’s role to being ‘a facilitator’ and organizer of various academic activities. The article outlines the main characteristics of flipped learning, including flexibility, individualization, differentiation, and opportunities for students to learn at any place or time. The contribution of this research is to estimate new experiences of University students due to flipped learning implementation. It was achieved due to analyzing responses to the survey-based questionnaire of 48 learners and 23 teachers of the Department of Foreign Philology and Translation of Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, evaluation of students’ performance, attendance, and attitude to the study. In order to verify results of the research, a descriptive statistical and analytical method was applied. The study results reveal that implementation of flipped learning made the educational process more effective and innovative as it improved students’ progress in language learning performance, increased their motivation and involvement, and made them more interested in learning English.
A Sociomaterial Perspective of the Challenges of Implementing the Communicative Approach in Saudi State Schools
Authors: Fallatah Rajaa Mahmoud
Published: January 2022

Despite its dominance in the field of teaching English as a second/foreign language, the implementation of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach continues to be challenging and problematic. A similar set of constraints – including but not limited to challenges related to educational cultures, contextual and conceptual factors, and lack of authentic materials and facilities – have been reported as factors hindering CLT implementations in many contexts. Language teaching and learning materials and facilities are crucial elements that have been found to affect communicative language teaching implementation. However, the issue of how those material elements can affect CLT implementation has rarely been the focus of research in CLT implementation studies. In this paper, the researcher examines the effect of language teaching and learning materials on teachers’ ability to teach communicatively. Thus, informed by sociomateriality this paper attends to a gap in the literature about how material elements of the curriculum hinder the implementation of the communicative language teaching approach in the Saudi context. The data examined in this study were collected through classroom observations and semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the findings indicated that material elements in the curriculum exerted agency and power, hindering teachers’ ability to teach communicatively and learners’ ability to improve their learning experiences. The report concludes with practical implications related to the complexity of curriculum development and implementation and the emergent nature of such processes as webs of entangled human/nonhuman relations that give rise to education.
Assessing the haematology and serum chemistry of Uda rams fed different Kanwa based mineral licks
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria., Abdulkarim A. , Aljameel K. M. ,   Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria.
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted at the Department of Animal Science’s Teaching and Research farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to evaluate the effect of feeding different kanwa based mineral licks on blood profile of Uda rams. Blood of twenty (20) yearlings Uda rams aged by dentition were used to evaluate the effect of Kanwa¬-based mineral blocks. Four (4) animals were allotted to each treatment (Kanwa block) with each animal serving as a replicate. The Kanwa used were Kanwan Bai-Bai, Kanwan Kolo, Hogga, Balma and conventional mineral lick to represent treatment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Data was collected at the end of the experiment. The result of haematological analysis showed significant (p<0.05) differences in all the parameters analysed except PCV, MCH, WBC and eosinophil; the result indicated that all the values where within the normal reference range except in MCHC where animals placed in T2 and T3 shows values slightly above the normal range. The result of serum biochemistry showed that all the values measured were within the normal reference range for sheep except the albumin of animals placed in T3 which had values slightly above the normal range. The serum mineral composition showed that Potassium levels were higher in T2 and lower in T4; however, there was no difference between animals placed in treatments 1, 2 and 3, so also between treatments 1, 3 and 4. The study concluded that Kanwa positively affected sheep production with no adverse effect on both haematological and serum chemistry, hence little health hazard is associated with feeding Kanwa-based blocks on growing Uda rams.
Morphometric characteristics of sheep and goat fed silage comprising of cassava peel, gamba grass and Mexican sunflower
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria., Shoyombo Ayoola J. , Popoola Mustapha A. ,   Research and Development, Office of the Executive Secretary, TETFUND, Abuja, Nigeria., Moses Ake A. ,   Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria., Alabi Olayinka O. ,   Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria., Okon Ekemini M. ,   Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria., Jubril Ahmed E. ,   Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria., Ukim Comfort I. ,   Research and Development, Office of the Executive Secretary, TETFUND, Abuja, Nigeria.
Published: January 2022

The constant demand for less expensive and more easily available alternative feed sources for animal production is on the increase. This is particularly true in the tropics, where feed availability varies according to the season. Based on this necessity, this study aims to evaluate the impact of feeding silage to sheep and goats on growth and development. A total of 22 animals comprising of 11 Yankassa breed and 11 West African Dwarf breed were used for the study. The animals were confined and allowed to acclimatize to the environment for about 14 to 21 days, followed by 5 weeks of study. The forage used for silage was Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) and Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) mixed with equal amounts of cassava peel and molasses in different proportions for three different treatments. Body length, neck circumference, height at withers, heart girth, and body weight were significantly higher (p<0.05) in animals fed T3 diets compared to all other diets, while animals on the T2 diet had higher ear length than T3. Except for neck circumference, ear length, and bodyweight of animals raised on diet T1 and the control group were statistically similar, all the test groups were significantly better than the control group in terms of performance. The highest body weight of 16.74 kg was recorded in T3, followed by 15.97 kg in T2, 12.12 kg in T1, and the least value of 10.09 kg in the control group. No apparent adverse effects were noted in the feeding of silage to the animals as the animals were healthy throughout the duration of the study. More research on the use of silage in feeding indigenous goat and sheep breeds is needed to further understand the impact of silage on animal performance and morphometric traits.
Generalized Contraflow for Evacuation Planning Problem
Authors: Pyakurel Urmila
Published: January 2022

The research in evacuation planning has been very much motivated due to the rapidly increased number of disasters world wide. It supports to remove the evacuees from dangerous areas to safe areas. Contraflow reconfiguration during evacuation make traffic smooth by reversing the required road directions from dangerous areas to safe areas that improve both flow and speed significantly. On lossy network, the generalized maximum dynamic contraflow and generalized earliest arrival contraflow problems have been solved efficiently with pseudo-polynomial time.

This paper focuses in analytical solutions on generalized contraflow for evacuation planning problem. The problems are considered on two terminal lossy networks. We solve the generalized maximum static contraflow problem in pseudo-polynomial time and compute its approximation solution in polynomial time. Moreover, we present a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) to compute an approximate generalized maximum dynamic contraflow solution.
Debt, Financial Vulnerability, and Repayment Behaviour in Older Canadian Households
Authors: Zhou Jie
Published: January 2022

Earlier research has documented that debt at older ages has increased significantly in Canada over the period from 1999 to 2016. In this article, I explore the consequences of a growing proportion of older Canadian households experiencing financial vulnerability. After controlling for household characteristics, I find among older households that a high debt-to-asset ratio and very low liquid wealth are significantly and positively associated with skipping or delaying a mortgage or non-mortgage debt payment and with usually paying the minimum amount or less on credit cards in the previous year. The debt-to-income ratio, however, is not an important indicator of financial vulnerability for older households.
YARATICI YAZMA TEKNİKLERİ İLE ÖYKÜLEYİCİ METİN OLUŞTURMANIN TÜRK DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI DERSİNE YÖNELİK TUTUM, YAZMA BECERİSİ VE AKADEMİK BAŞARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: VEYİS Fatih , KOLİKPINAR Nurefşan
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı yaratıcı yazma teknikleri ile öyküleyici metin oluşturmanın 10. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerisi, Türk dili ve edebiyatı dersine yönelik tutum ve akademik başarı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bireylerin düşünme becerilerini; duygu ve düşüncelerini sınırlamadan, belli kalıplara sokmadan yapılan yazma çalışmaları yaratıcı yazma olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Zihinsel faaliyetleri ve üst düzey düşünme becerilerini kazandırma bakımından yaratıcı yazma tekniklerinin uygulanması önemli görülmektedir. Yaratıcı yazma uygulamalarının etkilerinin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada ön test son test uygulamalı yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalıma grubunu Ağrı ili Doğubayazıt ilçesine bağlı bir lisede öğrenim gören 10. sınıf öğrencilerinden 20’si deney grubu ve 20’si kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplam 40 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarına uygulanan ön test sonuçları karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı, dolayısıyla grupların birbirlerine denk olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Türk Edebiyatı Dersine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği”,“Öyküleyici Metin Yazma Becerisi Değerlendirme Formu” ve araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dersi Başarı Testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için t testi ile ANCOVA analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Yaratıcı yazma teknikleri kapsamında uygulama programı hazırlanmış ve sekiz hafta deneysel işlem uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Yapılan deneysel işlem sonucunda yaratıcı yazma etkinlikleri ile öyküleyici metin yazma çalışmalarının deney grubundaki öğrencilerin akademik başarılarını, derse yönelik tutumlarını ve öyküleyici metin yazma becerilerini anlamlı düzeyde arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
MANZÛME-İ FERÂ'İZ” ADLI ESERDE GEÇEN AKRABALIK ADLARI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: TÜRK Osman , KOÇ Fatma
Published: January 2022

Tarihi Doğu Türkçesi ile Tarihi Batı Türkçesi özelliklerine karışık olarak yer veren bu tür eserler, Türkoloji dilinde genellikle karışık dilli olarak yerini almıştır. Oğuzcanın gelişim seyrine bakıldığında Doğu Türkçesi özelliklerine sahip olan karışık dilli eserlerin bazı önemli ses ve şekil bilgisi özellikleri bakımından benzer özellikler barındırmadıkları görülür. Karahanlı Türkçesi ve Doğu Türkçesi arasında belirgin bir bağ bulunmaktadır fakat Karahanlı Türkçesi ile Batı Türkçesi arasında bu bağ görülmez. Oğuzcanın gelişiminde karışık dilli eserlerin önemli bir yeri vardır. Türk dilinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Manzûme-i Ferâǿiz karışık dilli eserlerden biridir. Miras konusunu içeren bu eserde, Arapça ve Farsça sözcükler oldukça fazladır. Eser 15. yüzyılın başlarında Muhammed bin Abbas tarafından telif edilmiştir. Manzum şekilde yazılan eserde mirasın nasıl dağıtılacağı, kimlere nasıl paylaştırılacağı detaylı bir şekilde anlatılmıştır. Miras konusunun İslam hukuku ile ilişkili olması ve ahiret hayatını doğrudan ilgilendirmesi bu eseri cazip kılmıştır. Dil özellikleri bakımından Arapça ve Farsça ağırlıklı kelimelerin kullanıldığı bir eserdir. Miras konusu akrabalık terimleriyle de oldukça alâkalıdır. Çalışmada “Manzûme-i Ferâǿiz” adlı eserde geçen akrabalık adları tarama yöntemiyle tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu akrabalık adları eserin sözlük bölümündeki anlamlarıyla birlikte açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca sözcükler etimolojik açıdan da değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra tespit edilen akrabalık adlarının sayısal verileri sonuç bölümünde ifade edilmiş ve elde edilen bulgulara dayanılarak belirli çıkarımlara ulaşılmıştır.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KORONAVİRÜS SALGINI SÜRECİNDEKİ DİJİTAL OYUN BAĞIMLILIKLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÖZTEKİN Abdulhakim , KAVAN Nihat , DÜNDAR Metin , MERİÇ İdris
Published: January 2022

Teknolojideki gelişmeler beraberinde insanların oyun algısını değiştirmekte ve insanlar üzerinde çeşitli bağımlılıklar yaratmaktadır. Dijital oyunlarda bağımlılık düzeyinin artması ile birlikte dijital oyun bağımlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırmada, koronavirüs küresel salgını sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin dijital oyun bağımlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama deseni kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesinde öğrenim görmekte olan ön lisans ve lisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 73’ü kadın, 54’ü erkek olmak üzere 127 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Türkçeye uyarlaması yapılmış olan Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği kullanılmış ve ölçek formu katılımcılara çevrim içi ortamda sunulmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde SPSS 25.00 paket programı kullanılmış olup kullanılan istatistiksel işlemlerde t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, standart sapma, ortalama gibi analizler kullanılmıştır. Ulaşılan verilerle yapılan analizler sonucunda koronavirüs küresel salgını sürecinde üniversite öğrenimine devam eden öğrencilerin dijital oyun bağımlılık düzeylerinde oynanan dijital oyun türü, kullanılan cihaz türü, bağımlılık yapıcı madde kullanımı, akademik başarı düzeyi değişkenlerine ilişkin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur. Buna karşın incelenen diğer değişkenler olan fiziksel etkinliklere katılma durumu, bulunulan sınıf düzeyi, bulunulan yaş aralıkları, kullanılan internet türü değişkenlerine ilişkin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılığa ulaşılamamıştır.
THERAPEUTIC TOUCH DAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA HIPERTENSI
Authors: Huzaimah Nailiy , Pratiwi Iva Gamar Dian
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAKPengukuran tekanan darah merupakan suatu komponen penting dalam penatalaksanaan hipertensi. Secara umum penatalaksanaan hipertensi di Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat I di Indonesia masih berfokus pada edukasi perubahan pola hidup dan pemberian terapi farmakologi, belum menerapkan pemberian terapi komplementer untuk menunjang efektifitas terapi farmakologi. Therapeutic touch (TT) merupakan salah satu terapi komplementer jenis terapi energi yang telah dibuktikan memberikan pengaruh yang baik pada kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian TT terhadap tekanan darah sistolik (TDS) dan tekanan darah diastolik (TDD) penderita hipertensi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain pre-post test nonequivalent control group design. Responden penelitian adalah penderita hipertensi di Wilayah Kabupaten Sumenep yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian. Sampel didapatkan secara consecutive sampling (n=39), selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (n=19) dan kelompok perlakuan (TT) (n=20). Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama 3 hari pada siang dan malam hari yang meliputi pretest (T0) dan post-test (T1 dan T2). Uji T independen TDS siang T0 antara kelompok kontrol dan TT didapatkan nilai p=0,152. Uji T independen dengan hasil signifikan (p?0,05) ditemukan pada TDS malam T1 (p=0,026), TDS siang T2 (p=0,032), dan TDS malam T2 (p=0,026). Hasil uji komparatif 2 kelompok berpasangan kelompok TT dengan menggunakan Paired T Test didapatkan nilai signifikan hanya pada perbandingan TDD malam T0 dan TDD malam T1 (p=0,022 ? 0,05). Pada kelompok TT, rerata TDS siang T2 menurun dibandingkan TDS siang T1 (?= 4,2 mmHg), rerata TDS malam T2 juga menurun dibandingkan TDS malam T1 (?= 0,45 mmHg). TT memberikan pengaruh penurunan TDS dan TDD pada hari diberikan intervensi (T1) dan hari berikutnya (T2), akan tetapi hasil statistik secara keseluruhan tidak signifikan kecuali pada perbandingan antara TDD malam T0 dan TDD malam T1. Penurunan tekanan darah setelah intervensi TT terjadi secara perlahan dan bertahap selama dua hari sejak diberi intervensi, tidak memberikan efek penurunan yang besar dan drastis.Kata Kunci: therapeutic touch, terapi sentuh, tekanan darah, hipertensi, terapi energi
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STUNTING PADA BALITA DI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN
Authors: Yuwanti Yuwanti , Mulyaningrum Festy Mahanani , Susanti Meity Mulya
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAK Stunting pada anak  merupakan masalah gizi yang menjadi masalah nasional, hal ini dikarenakan stunting berdampak negatif terhadap sumber daya manusia di masa yang akan datang. Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2013 menunjukkan prevalensi stunting masih sejumlah 37, 2%. Sirkesnas tahun 2016 mencatat bahwa prevalensi stunting mencapai 33,6 %, hal ini menjadi masalah kesehatan yang penting dikarenakan masalah stunting berada diatas ambang batas 20 %. Sedangkan Stunting pada anak balita disebabkan oleh multifaktor seperti konsumsi gizi selama hamil, pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi, akses pelayanan yang terbatas, akses sanitasi dan kebersihan air yang kurang memadai. Dampak stunting yaitu penurunan kecerdasan, kerentanan terhadap penyakit, menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan produktifitas kerja dan memperburuk kesenjangan. Stunting pada balita dimana tinggi badan lebih pendek dari usia pada umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita di Kabupaten Grobogan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross – sectional. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh kasus stunting pada balita di wilayah Kabupaten Grobogan. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Data penelitian di analisa menggunakan SPSS for window, untuk analisa data bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square, sedangkan data multivariat menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa status gizi, masalah kesehatan pada anak, kebiasaan makan makanan instan, dan tinggi badan ibu berhubungan dengan stunting pada balita dengan nilai p value < 0,05. Pantang makanan, riwayat konsumsi tablet besi, riwayat antenatal care, riwayat penyakit penyerta dalam kehamilan, riwayat pemberian ASI ekslusif, sanitasi air bersih, lingkungan perokok dan kondisi ekonomi tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita dengan p value = > 0,05. Status gizi, tinggi badan ibu, dan kebiasaan makan makanan instan secara bersama- sama sebagai faktor resiko kejadian stunting pada balita. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu status gizi, masalah kesehatan pada anak, kebiasaan makan makanan instan, dan tinggi badan ibu berhubungan dengan stunting pada balita Kata Kunci: Stunting, balita, gizi
PENGARUH RELAKSASI OTOT PROGRESIF TERHADAP KUALITAS TIDUR PADA PEREMPUAN MENOPAUSE
Authors: Amanda Steffy Putri , Rejeki Sri , Susilawati Dwi
Published: January 2022

Indonesia pada tahun 2025 diperkirakan akan ada 60 juta perempuan menopause. Perempuan menopause tahun  2016 di Indonesia mencapai 14 juta atau 7,4 % dari total populasi yang ada. Perkiraan umur rata-rata usia menopause di Indonesia adalah 50 tahun. Perubahan hormon dapat menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan hormon sehingga menyebabkan kualitas tidur menurun.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh relaksasi progresif terhadap kualitas tidur. Desain penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperimen dengan pre and post testwith control group. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah perempuan menopause di Puskesmas Gondokusuman II Yogyakarta sebanyak 100 perempuan, tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan probability sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) yang sudah baku dengan nilai r alpha 0,83 pada penelitian sebelumnya. Analisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa relaksasi otot progresif dapat meningkatkan kualitas tidur pada perempuan menopause dengan nilai p 0,000. Peneliti merekomendasikan untuk dilakukan secara rutin dan dapat dijadikan alternatif pilihan dalam meningkatkan kualitas tidur secara nonfarmakologis. Kata Kunci :    Menopause, Kualitas Tidur, Relaksasi Otot Progresif, Keperawatan Maternitas
PENGARUH AKUPRESUR DAN SHAKER EXERCISE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENELAN PASIEN STROKE AKUT DENGAN DISFAGIA
Authors: Siyamti Dewi , Pudjonarko Dwi , Mardiyono Mardiyono
Published: January 2022

Disfagia merupakan permasalahan pasien stroke akut yang disebabkan oleh gangguan saraf dan terjadi pada pasien usia dewasa dan lanjut. Hal ini berdampak pada risiko pneumonia, malnutrisi, dehidrasi dan menurunnya kualitas hidup. Akupresur merupakan terapi dengan stimulasi pada acupoint dan memberikan manfaat terhadap proses penyembuhan penyakit. Shaker exercise merupakan latihan menelan yangbanyak digunakan pada pasien disfagia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh akupresur dan shaker exercise terhadapkemampuan menelan pasien stroke akut dengan disfagia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen pretest-postest dengan kelompok kontrol. Sampel dipilih menggunakan stratified random sampling dengan jumlah 17 responden masing-masing di kelompok kontrol dan intervensi yang disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Pada kelompok intervensi diberikan oral care, pengaturan posisi, akupresur dan shaker exercise selama 5 hari dalam satu minggu, akupresur satu kali sehari dan shaker exercise tiga kali sehari. Pada kelompok kontrol diberikan oral care dan pengaturan posisi tiga kali sehari selama 5 hari.Penilaian kemampuan menelan dilakukan menggunakan Gugging Swallowing Severity Scale (GUSS) sebelum dan setelah intervensi selama dua minggu. Data dianalisa dengan uji Friedman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai p<0,05 pada minggu kedua evaluasi. Kemampuan menelan pada kelompok intervensi meningkat 4,69 poin  sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol meningkat 2,13 poin. Akupresur dan Shaker exercise pada kelompok intervensi terbukti meningkatkan kemampuan menelan pasien stroke akut dengan disfagia dan peningkatan kemampuan menelan pasien dapat dilihat pada minggu kedua. Intervensi akupresur dan Shaker exercise dapat digunakan sebagi alternatif tindakan dalam asuhan keperawatan untuk pasien yang mengalami disfagia. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menambah jumlah titik akupresur dan lama waktu intervensi Kata Kunci: akupresur, disfagia, shaker exercise, stroke
US FDA best practices for initiating early feasibility studies for neurological devices in the United States
Authors: Herrmann Robert , Dreher Maureen , Farb Andrew , Hoffmann Michael , Loftus Christopher M. , Mezu-Nwaba Nina , Pinto Vivek , Zheng Xiaolin , Peña Carlos
Published: January 2022

This article describes the efforts of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of Neurological and Physical Medicine Devices to facilitate early clinical testing of potentially beneficial neurological devices in the US. Over the past 5 years, the FDA has made significant advances to this aim by developing early feasibility study best practices and encouraging developers and innovators to initiate their clinical studies in the US. The FDA uses several regulatory approaches to help start neurological device clinical studies, such as early engagement with sponsors and developers, in-depth interaction during the FDA review phase of a regulatory submission, and provision of an FDA toolkit that reviewers can apply to the most challenging submissions.
National randomized clinical trial on subdural drainage time after chronic subdural hematoma evacuation
Authors: Jensen Thorbjørn Søren Rønn , Haldrup Mette , Hjortdal Grønhøj Mads , Miscov Rares , Larsen Carl Christian , Debrabant Birgit , Poulsen Frantz Rom , Bergholt Bo , Hundsholt Torben , Bjarkam Carsten Reidies , Fugleholm Kåre
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Placement of a subdural drain reduces recurrence and death after evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), but little is known about optimal drainage duration. In the present national trial, the authors investigated the effect of drainage duration on recurrence and death.

METHODS

In a randomized controlled trial involving all neurosurgical departments in Denmark, patients treated with single burr hole evacuation of CSDH were randomly assigned to 24 hours or 48 hours of postoperative passive subdural drainage. Follow-up duration was 90 days, and the primary study outcome was recurrent hematoma requiring reoperation. Secondary outcome was death. In addition, complications and length of hospital stay were recorded and analyzed.

RESULTS

Of the 420 included patients, 212 were assigned 24-hour drainage and 208 were assigned 48-hour drainage. The recurrence rate was 14% in the 24-hour group and 13% in the 48-hour group. Four patients died in the 24-hour group, and 8 patients died in the 48-hour group; this difference was not statistically significant. The ORs (95% CIs) for recurrence and mortality (48 hours vs 24 hours) were 0.94 (0.53–1.66) and 2.07 (0.64–7.85), respectively, in the intention-to-treat analysis. The ORs (95% CIs) for recurrence and mortality per 1-hour increase in drainage time were 1.0005 (0.9770–1.0244) and 1.0046 (0.9564–1.0554), respectively, in the as-treated sensitivity analysis that used the observed drainage times instead of the preassigned treatment groups. The rates of surgical and drain-related complications, postoperative infections, and thromboembolic events were not different between groups. The mean ± SD postoperative length of hospital stay was 7.4 ± 4.3 days for patients who received 24-hour drainage versus 8.4 ± 4.9 days for those who received 48-hour drainage (p = 0.14). The mean ± SD postoperative length of stay in the neurosurgical department was significantly shorter for the 24-hour group (2 ± 0.9 days vs 2.8 ± 1.6 days, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

No significant differences in the rates of recurrent hematoma or death during 90-day follow-up were identified between the two groups that randomly received either 24- or 48-hour passive subdural drainage after burr hole evacuation of CSDH.
Intraoperative lesion characterization after focused ultrasound thalamotomy
Authors: Sammartino Francesco , Yeh Fang-Cheng , Krishna Vibhor
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Outcomes after focused ultrasound ablation (FUSA) for essential tremor remain heterogeneous, despite therapeutic promise. Clinical outcomes are directly related to the volume and location of the therapeutic lesions, consistent with CNS ablative therapies. Recent data demonstrate that postoperative diffusion MRI, specifically the quantification of intracellular diffusion by restricted diffusion imaging (RDI), can accurately characterize focused ultrasound lesions. However, it is unclear whether RDI can reliably detect focused ultrasound lesions intraoperatively (i.e., within a few minutes of lesioning) and whether the intraoperative lesions predict delayed clinical outcomes.

METHODS

An intraoperative imaging protocol was implemented that included RDI and T2-weighted imaging in addition to intraoperative MR thermography. Lesion characteristics were defined with each sequence and then compared. An imaging-outcomes analysis was performed to determine lesion characteristics associated with delayed clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

Intraoperative RDI accurately identified the volume and location of focused ultrasound lesions. Intraoperative T2-weighted imaging underestimated the lesion volume but accurately identified the location. Intraoperative RDI revealed that lesions of the ventral border of the ventral intermediate nucleus were significantly associated with postoperative tremor improvement. In contrast, the lesions extending into the inferolateral white matter were associated with postoperative ataxia.

CONCLUSIONS

These data support the acquisition of intraoperative RDI to characterize focused ultrasound lesions. Future research should test the histological correlates of intraoperative RDI and test whether it can be developed as feedback to optimize the current technique of FUSA.
Development and validation of a triple-LED surgical loupe device for fluorescence-guided resections with 5-ALA
Authors: Suero Molina Eric , Hellwig Sönke J. , Walke Anna , Jeibmann Astrid , Stepp Herbert , Stummer Walter
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Fluorescence-guided resections performed using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) have been studied extensively using the BLUE400 system. The authors introduce a triple–light-emitting diode (LED) headlight/loupe device for visualizing fluorescence, and compare this to the BLUE400 gold standard in order to assure similar and not more or less sensitive protoporphyrin-IX visualization.

METHODS

The authors defined the spectral requirements for a triple-LED headlight/loupe device for reproducing the xenon-based BLUE400 module. The system consisted of a white LED (normal surgery), a 409-nm LED for excitation, a 450-nm LED for background illumination, and appropriate observation filters. The prototype’s excitation and emission spectra, illumination and detection intensities, and spot homogeneity were determined. The authors further performed a prospectively randomized and blinded study for fluorescence assessments of fresh, marginal, fluorescing and nonfluorescing tumor samples comparing the LED/loupe device with BLUE400 in patients with malignant glioma treated with 20 mg/kg body weight 5-ALA. Tumor samples were immediately assessed in turn, both with a Kinevo and with a novel triple-LED/loupe device by different surgeons.

RESULTS

Seven triple-LED/loupe devices were analyzed. Illumination intensities in the 409- and 450-nm range were comparable to BLUE400, with high spot homogeneity. Fluorescence intensities measured distally to microscope oculars/loupes were 9.9-fold higher with the loupe device. For validation 26 patients with malignant gliomas with 240 biopsies were analyzed. With BLUE400 results as the reference, sensitivity for reproducing fluorescence findings was 100%, specificity was 95%, positive predictive value was 98%, negative predictive value was 100%, and accuracy was 95%. This study reached its primary aim, with agreement in 226 of 240 (94.2%, 95% CI 0.904–0.968).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors observed only minor differences regarding spectra and illumination intensities during evaluation. Fluorescence intensities available to surgeons were 9.9-fold higher with the loupe device. Importantly, the independent perception of fluorescence achieved using the new system and BLUE400 was statistically equivalent. The authors believe the triple-LED/loupe device to be a useful and safe option for surgeons who prefer loupes to the microscope for resections in appropriate patients.