bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTRATEGIAS DIDÁCTICAS UTILIZADAS POR DOCENTES DE TRADUCCIÓN EN UNIVERSIDADES CHILENAS EN EL CONTEXTO DE MAYOR USO DE TECNOLOGÍA	VDR
Authors:   , Rodolfo Mauricio Maureira Sáez
Published: January 2025

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la realidad actual de las carreras de traducciónen Chile con respecto a las estrategias didácticas utilizadas por los docentes en el contexto delmayor uso de tecnología. Basándose en la observación de la práctica y en los modelos másactuales sobre la competencia relacionada con el uso de herramientas tecnológicas (competencia instrumental del grupo PACTE y competencia tecnológica de la red European Master’s in Translation), se propuso una lista de estrategias didácticas. Se revisaron las mallas curriculares de los programas de traducción para comprobar la presencia de asignaturas obligatorias relacionadas con la competencia instrumental y tecnológica y se aplicó una encuesta en línea a docentes de traducción con el fin de conocer el grado de frecuencia de uso de las estrategias propuestas. La encuesta también incluía preguntas abiertas para obtener retroalimentación sobre la experiencia propia en el uso de estrategias didácticas y los desafíos que plantea el avance tecnológico en la formación de traductores. Los resultados muestran en general un panorama positivo de las carreras de traducción en Chile, pero también la necesidad de mayor actualización entre los docentes para formar traductores que puedan adaptarse a los requerimientos que plantea la traducción automática y la inteligencia artificial. Asimismo, la lista de estrategias didácticas propuestas en este estudio, junto con las estrategias propuestas por los docentes, constituyen recomendaciones que pueden ser discutidas y mejoradas.
Subacute Toxicity Study of Stem Extract of Telfairia occidentalis in Rats
Authors: Andrew Ukeme Essien , Okokon Jude Efiom , Osigwe Chinyelu Clementina , Uwaeme Ugonma Florence , Isenigeri Uduak Peter
Published: January 2025

Telfairia occidentalis Hook (Cucurbitaceae) is used in Ibibio ethnomedicine for the treatment of diverse diseases such as malaria, diabetes and gastrointestinal disorders.  Evaluation of subacute administration of ethanol stem extract of Telfaira occidentalis for effect on hematological indices, liver and kidney functions as well as lipid profile of rats was carried out. The stem extract (200, 400, 600 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to Wistar rats daily for 30 days and the rats were sacrificed under light diethyl ether anesthesia at the completion of the administration. Subacute administration of T. occidentalis stem extract resulted in insignificant increase in body weights of rats especially at high doses without any significant (p>0.05) effect on the weights of heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen and testes when compared to control, but the weights of ovary was decreased significantly (p<0.01) at higher doses (400 and 600 mg/kg) relative to control. The stem extract treatment did not affect the WBC, RBC and platelets counts, hemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil and basophil percentages as well as bleeding and clotting times significantly (p>0.05) relative to control. However, significant (p<0.05) increase of neutrophils percentage at low dose (200 mg/kg) and decreased PCV percentage at higher doses (400 and 600 mg/kg) when compared to control were recorded. The stem extract administration did not cause  any significant (p>0.05) effect on total protein, albumin, ALP, total and conjugated bilirubin levels of rats except significantly (p<0.05-0.01) elevated ALT and AST levels at  low dose (200 mg/kg) of the extract when compared to control. The stem extract did not cause any significant effect (p>0.05) on creatinine, potassium, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate levels of the treated rats except significantly (p<0.001) elevated urea level at low dose of the extract (200 mg/kg), but caused dose-dependent and insignificant (p>0.05) decreases in  total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL levels when compared to control. The stem extract exerted mild to moderate effect on the histologies of brain, heart, spleen, livers, kidneys, testes and a severe effect on ovaries of rats. Chronic study is advocated to investigate the effect of prolonged administration of the stem extract organs and systems of rats.
Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of the Traditional Tree Species Kigelia africana (Sausage Tree) Using Molecular Markers for Conservation Genomics in Kenya
Authors: Denis Mwangi Muiruri
Published: January 2025

This study is the first to explore the genetic composition of ancient Kigelia africana across a distribution range in Kenya. Kigelia africana is a native forest species of Kenya as far as we know it; it is widely planted in the central regions of the country by the Kikuyu tribe who inhabit this region for making their traditional brew Muratina. Unlike other tree species like Acacia, Kigelia africana has seldom been studied, although there is ample evidence of its great ecological and economic value. Because of cultural reasons, natural populations are rare in the wild. Hence the study seeks to explore the genetic diversity and composition of ancient the tree distributed across various regions in Kenya.
In this study, four ancient tree populations were investigated to explore the genetic diversity and composition of Kigelia africana through DArTseq technology. Thirty-two (32) Plant seed samples were obtained from various locations, their DNA extracted, libraries prepared, and sequenced using the Illumina 2500 high throughput sequencer.
A total of 8,556 SilicoDArT and 3,703 SNP markers were selected and used. The average PIC was 0.45 and 0.41 for the SilicoDArT and SNPs respectively. The population structure and average linkage hierarchical clustering based on the SNPs revealed two distinct subpopulations and a few smaller admixture groups. Both marker types identified all 32 landraces as potential duplicates with very low genetic diversity between individuals. The heterozygosity defining the genetic variation within each subpopulation was around 0.25. A mantel test showed good harmony between DArTseq and SNP marker data sets. It also showed no significant correlation between genetic diversity and the geographical coordinates of the tree samples. The results of this study provide important information and insights for decision-makers, farmers, and breeders to make the necessary actions to conserve this culturally important tree.
Impact of Gametocides on Pollen Sterility and Growth Traits in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Nalam Sindhu Rani , G Seeja. , R Beena , M.S Nivedhitha , Gopinath Pratheesh P.
Published: January 2025

This study, conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during 2023-2024, investigated the effects of gametocides on pollen sterility and plant growth in two chilli varieties, Jwalamukhi and Ujwala. The experiment followed a Factorial Completely Randomized Design with 18 treatments (2 varieties x 9 gametocide concentrations x 3 stages), replicated thrice. Pollen sterility was significantly affected by gametocide treatments, with Maleic Hydrazide (MH) at 200 ppm applied at 20+40 days after transplanting (DAT) resulting in the highest sterility in both varieties. Plant height also varied significantly, with the highest growth observed in Jwalamukhi treated with GA3 at 2.5% in stage III. The study found that GA3 increased plant height and branching, while MH treatments, especially at higher concentrations, reduced plant height, with Ujwala showing the most pronounced effect. These findings highlight the potential of gametocide treatments in modifying pollen sterility and growth traits in chilli plants.
A Case of S1Q3T3—A Classic Nonspecific Electrocardiogram Finding
Authors: Pillai Rohit , Matos Jason D.
Published: October 2023

This case report describes a patient in their 40s with a history of end-stage kidney disease secondary to hypertension and diabetes who presented with fatigue, cough, weakness, and dyspnea on exertion and was subsequently diagnosed with acute disseminated cryptococcal infection.
Overall Survival After Treatment Failure Among Patients With Rectal Cancer
Authors: Diefenhardt Markus , Martin Daniel , Fleischmann Maximilian , Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter , Ghadimi Michael , Rödel Claus , Fokas Emmanouil
Published: October 2023

Importance

Oncologic outcomes among patients with rectal cancer after developing local recurrence and/or distant metastases remain poorly studied.

Objective

To analyze the trend of overall survival after treatment failure for patients with rectal cancer within three consecutive phase 2 or 3 trials of the German Rectal Cancer Study Group.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study is a post hoc analysis of 3 randomized phase 2 or 3 trials (CAO/ARO/AIO-94, -04, and -12 trials, conducted in Germany) that included 1948 patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. The CAO/ARO/AIO-94 trial recruited patients between February 1995 and September 2002, the CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial recruited patients between July 2006 and February 2010, and the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 trial recruited patients between June 2015 and January 2018. Statistical analysis was conducted between September 2022 and March 2023.

Exposures

A total of 119 of 391 patients in the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 trial group A, 295 of 1236 patients in the CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial, and 69 of 306 in the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 trial experienced treatment failure (R2 resection or local recurrence or distant metastases) and were included in further analyses.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Characteristics of treatment failure and overall survival were assessed in all 3 trial cohorts.

Results

Of the 1948 patients treated in the 3 trials, 15 were excluded because of missing data. Of the remaining 1933 patients (median age, 62.5 years [range, 19-84 years]; 1363 men [71%] and 570 women [29%]) with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (cT3 or 4 or cN+) treated within 3 consecutive clinical trials, 483 experienced treatment failure and were analyzed. After a median follow-up of 36 months (IQR, 24-51 months) for all patients, overall survival after treatment failure was significantly improved in the CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial (at 3 years, 44% [IQR, 37%-51%]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47-0.79]) and further improved in the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 trial (at 3 years, 73% [IQR, 60%-87%]; HR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.18-0.54]) compared with the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 trial (at 3 years, 30% [IQR, 22%-39%]) (both P < .001). Distant metastasis was the main reason for treatment failure throughout a 5-year follow-up (range, 67%-87%), and the relative risk for treatment failure was highest in the first 18 months in all 3 trials. ypTNM stage was significantly associated with the risk and time interval to treatment failure. Improvement in overall survival after treatment failure was independent of sex.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study suggests that advancements in salvage strategies during the past decades have likely improved overall survival among patients with rectal cancer who experienced treatment failure.
Development of Coulometric Mass Spectrometry for Absolute Chemical Quantitation
Authors: Ai Yongling , Joel FNU Praneeth Ivan , Zhao Pengyi , Hassan Md Tanim‐Al , Sharma Arjun , Hao Gracelynne , Zhou Zhenghao , Chen Hao
Published: October 2023

In the past decades,mass spectrometry(MS)‐based absolute quantitation has become a powerful tool to facilitate advancement in both biomedical and clinical fields. The main advantage of MS‐based quantitation is the accurate and simultaneous quantitation of multiple analytes with high sensitivity. However, a reference material (e.g. authentic target analytes or isotope‐labeled peptide standards) is indispensable for those quantitation methods to build a calibration curve for each analyte, which might not be available or difficult to synthesize especially for some drug molecules with complicated structure or proteins/peptides withpost‐translational modifications (PTMs). To tackle this issue, our group recently developed a standard‐free absolute quantitation approach based on the combination ofelectrochemistry(EC) and MS, involving the coulometric measurement of analyte oxidation/reduction current as well as mass spectrometric measurement of the redox reaction yield. We named the method ascoulometric mass spectrometry(CMS). Although the combined EC/MS technique is a quickly growing research field in analytical chemistry with numerous distinct applications, the quantitation‐centered application has not been systematically reported. In this review, the principle, apparatus, and various applications of this emerging EC/MS hybrid quantitation method are presented and discussed in detail. An overview of the capabilities of CMS for absolute quantitation across a variety of modalities including small molecule metabolites, peptides, proteins, large molecule biotherapeutics, and PTMs as well as the role of CMS for drug impurity quantitation is provided. Simultaneously, the limitations of the method, which need further optimization and improvement, as well as promising future applications in drug development and proteomics are presented and evaluated.
Explosive Welding of Aluminum and Cast Iron for Potential Transportation and Structural Applications
Authors: Sherpa Bir Bahadur , Yu Minghong , Inao Daisuke , Tanaka Shigeru , Hokamoto Kazuyuki
Published: October 2023

This study explores the feasibility of explosive welding to join dissimilar materials: aluminum (JIS A1050‐H24) and two cast iron types (JIS G 5501 and JIS G 5502), which are challenging to weld due to the presence of graphite in the cast iron. Further, the impact of explosive thickness (28, 38, and 47 mm) on weld quality is investigated, considering microstructure and mechanical behavior. Increasing explosive thickness correlates with a thicker local melted zone. Remarkably, in investigations, a novel morphology that diverges from conventional patterns is observed. The weld interface of explosively bonded materials exhibits anchor formation, a unique interlocking structure. These anchors play a significant role in establishing a robust mechanism between bonded surfaces. JIS A1050‐H24 shows minimal hardness variation, while cast iron exhibits significant variations with increased explosive thickness. Tensile shear tests showcase robust clad plate strength, with fractures primarily in JIS A1050‐H24 regions instead of at the interface. The highest tensile shear strength is achieved with an explosive thickness of 38 mm. Overall, explosive welding of aluminum with cast iron creates a strong, durable, and lightweight material with enhanced performance characteristics, making it promising for diverse industrial applications due to its outstanding properties.
Deep Learning for Size‐Agnostic Inverse Design of Random‐Network 3D Printed Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Pahlavani Helda , Tsifoutis‐Kazolis Kostas , Saldivar Mauricio C. , Mody Prerak , Zhou Jie , Mirzaali Mohammad J. , Zadpoor Amir A.
Published: October 2023

Practical applications of mechanical metamaterials often involve solving inverse problems aimed at finding microarchitectures that give rise to certain properties. The limited resolution of additive manufacturing techniques often requires solving such inverse problems for specific specimen sizes. Moreover, the candidate microarchitectures should be resistant to fatigue and fracture. Such a multi‐objective inverse design problem is formidably difficult to solve but its solution is the key to real‐world applications of mechanical metamaterials. Here, a modular approach titled “Deep‐DRAM” that combines four decoupled models is proposed, including two deep learning (DL) models, a deep generative model based on conditional variational autoencoders, and direct finite element (FE) simulations. Deep‐DRAM integrates these models into a framework capable of finding many solutions to the posed multi‐objective inverse design problem based on random‐network unit cells. Using an extensive set of simulations as well as experiments performed on 3D printed specimens, it is demonstrate that: 1) the predictions of the DL models are in agreement with FE simulations and experimental observations, 2) an enlarged envelope of achievable elastic properties (e.g., rare combinations of double auxeticity and high stiffness) is realized using the proposed approach, and 3) Deep‐DRAM can provide many solutions to the considered multi‐objective inverse design problem.
Dual‐Responsive Nanorobot‐Based Marsupial Robotic System for Intracranial Cross‐Scale Targeting Drug Delivery
Authors: Wu Junfeng , Jiao Niandong , Lin Daojing , Li Na , Ma Tianyang , Tung Steve , Cheng Wen , Wu Anhua , Liu Lianqing
Published: October 2023

Nanorobots capable of active movement are an exciting technology for targeted therapeutic intervention. However, the extensive motion range and hindrance of the blood–brain barrier impeded their clinical translation in glioblastoma therapy. Here, a marsupial robotic system constructed by integrating chemical/magnetic hybrid nanorobots (child robots) with a miniature magnetic continuum robot (mother robot) for intracranial cross‐scale targeting drug delivery is reported. For primary targeting on macroscale, the continuum robot enters the cranial cavity through a minimally invasive channel (e.g., Ommaya device) in the skull and transports the nanorobots to pathogenic regions. Upon circumventing the blood–brain barrier, the released nanorobots perform secondary targeting on microscale to further enhance the spatial resolution of drug delivery. In vitro experiments against primary glioblastoma cells derived from different patients are conducted for personalized treatment guidance. The operation feasibility within organisms is shown in ex vivo swine brain experiments. The biosafety of the treatment system is suggested in in vivo experiments. Owing to the hierarchical targeting method, the targeting rate, targeting accuracy, and treatment efficacy have improved greatly. The marsupial robotic system offers a novel intracranial local therapeutic strategy and constitutes a key milestone in the development of glioblastoma treatment platforms.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Peptides ADP‐Ribosylated at Histidine
Authors: Minnee Hugo , Rack Johannes G. M. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Ahel Ivan , Filippov Dmitri V.
Published: October 2023

The transfer of an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribose moiety to a nucleophilic side chain by consumption of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is referred to as ADP‐ribosylation, which allows for the spatiotemporal regulation of vital processes such as apoptosis and DNA repair. Recent mass‐spectrometry based analyses of the “ADP‐ribosylome” have identified histidine as ADP‐ribose acceptor site. In order to study this modification, a fully synthetic strategy towards α‐configured N(τ)‐ and N(π)‐ADP‐ribosylated histidine‐containing peptides has been developed. Ribofuranosylated histidine building blocks were obtained via Mukaiyama‐type glycosylation and the building blocks were integrated into an ADP‐ribosylome derived peptide sequence using fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)‐based solid‐phase peptide synthesis. On‐resin installation of the ADP moiety was achieved using phosphoramidite chemistry, and global deprotection provided the desired ADP‐ribosylated oligopeptides. The stability under various chemical conditions and resistance against (ADP‐ribosyl) hydrolase‐mediated degradation has been investigated to reveal that the constructs are stable under various chemical conditions and non‐degradable by any of the known ADP‐ribosylhydrolases.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel salicylidene uracils: Cytotoxic activity on human cancer cell lines and inhibitory action on enzymatic activity
Authors: Poslu Ayşe Halıç , Aslan Şafak Esra , Koz Gamze , Senturk Esra , Koz Ömer , Senturk Murat , Nalbantsoy Ayşe , Öztekin Aykut , Ekinci Deniz
Published: October 2023

A series of salicylidene uracil (1–18) derived from 5‐aminouracil and substituted salicylaldehydes were analyzed for cytotoxic activity and enzyme inhibitory potency. Nine out of eighteen derivatives (6–8, 10, 12–15, 18) are novel molecules synthesized for the first time in this work, and other derivatives were previously synthesized by our group. The compounds were characterized by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. All compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against PC‐3 (human prostate adenocarcinoma), A549 (human alveolar adenocarcinoma), and SHSY‐5Y (human neuroblastoma) cancer cell lines and the nontumorigenic HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cells) cell line. The 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylaldehyde derived compound (8) was toxic to PC‐3 human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, showing a promising IC50 value at 7.05 ± 0.76 μM. The present study also aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the compounds against several key enzymes, namely carbonic anhydrase I and II (CA I and CA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and glutathione reductase (GR), which are implicated in various global disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, cancer, malaria, diabetes, and glaucoma. The inhibitory profiles of the tested compounds were assessed by determining their Ki values, which ranged from 2.96 to 9.24 nM for AChE, 3.78 to 12.57 nM for BChE, 8.42 to 25.74 nM for CA I, 7.24 to 19.74 nM for CA II, and 0.541 to 1.124 μM for GR. Molecular docking studies were also performed for all compounds. Most derivatives exhibited much more effective inhibitory action compared with clinically used standards. Thus, our findings indicate that the salicylidene derivatives presented in this study are promising drug candidates that need further evaluation.
Recombinant adeno‐associated virus production evaluation in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Cao Thu M. , Chen Dayue , Barnard Gavin C. , Shen Amy
Published: October 2023

The gene therapy field has advanced in recent years with five recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) based products winning Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. As the number of therapeutic applications and overall production demands for rAAV increase, it is valuable to evaluate rAAV production in different production cells. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been a robust host for biomolecule manufacturing for more than 35 years. However, there is no report to our knowledge describing the use of CHO cells for rAAV production. In this study, we examined the ability of CHO cells to produce rAAV using a transient plasmid transfection approach. Our results demonstrated that CHO is capable of producing rAAV with detectable viral fundamental components including viral RNAs, proteins, and rAAV viral particles. We identified the expression of cap proteins as one of the limiting factors for rAAV production in CHO cells. We therefore added an additional cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐Cap plasmid to the CHO transfection. After increasing cap protein expression, we detected rAAV titers as high as 3 × 108 viral genomes for every 2 × 109 capsids in CHO cells using a quintuple transfection method (standard AAV2 Rep/Cap, helper, gene of interest plasmids, plus CMV‐E1, and CMV‐Cap plasmids) with comparable full particle percent (average 15%) to that of human embryo kidney (HEK)‐derived rAAV. Our study provides a foundation for potential rAAV production in CHO cells.
Association between baseline blood pressure and the incidence of lenvatinib‐induced hypertension in patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Shibutani Yuma , Tajiri Kazuko , Suzuki Shinya , Enokida Tomohiro , Sagara Atsunobu , Okano Susumu , Fujisawa Takao , Sato Fumiaki , Yumoto Tetsuro , Sano Motohiko , Kawasaki Toshikatsu , Tahara Makoto
Published: October 2023

Background

Hypertension is the most frequently occurring adverse event of lenvatinib, recognized relatively early in its course. However, the trend in blood pressure after the initiation of lenvatinib and the outcomes with antihypertensive treatment are unclear. This study aimed to clarify the association between baseline blood pressure and the incidence of lenvatinib‐induced hypertension in patients with thyroid cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study included 65 patients without hypertension at the time of lenvatinib initiation. Patients were divided into two groups: those who developed hypertension grade ≥3 (HTN group) and those who did not develop hypertension grade ≥3 (non‐HTN group).

Results

Of the 65 patients, 46 (71%) developed hypertension grade ≥3. In both HTN and non‐HTN groups, blood pressure significantly increased the day after lenvatinib initiation. There was no significant difference in the elevated values of both the changes in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) and diastolic blood pressure (ΔDBP) between the two groups, with an average increase of 20 mmHg in SBP and 13 mmHg in DBP from baseline. The median (range) time to the onset of hypertension grade ≥3 was 2 days (1–12 days). In the multivariable analysis, patients with normal (SBP 120–129 mmHg and/or DBP 80–84 mmHg) or high‐normal baseline blood pressure (SBP 130–139 mmHg and/or DBP 85–89 mmHg) were at higher risk of developing hypertension grade ≥3 than those with optimal baseline blood pressure (SBP <120 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg) (odds ratio [OR], 5.07; 95% confidential interval [CI] 1.09–23.54 and OR, 7.48; 95% CI, 1.67–33.51, respectively).

Conclusions

Lenvatinib‐induced hypertension appears the day after administration, and higher baseline blood pressure is a significant risk factor for developing hypertension grade ≥3. In cases of increased blood pressure with lenvatinib, early initiation of antihypertensives may prevent treatment interruption due to hypertension and maintain the therapeutic intensity of lenvatinib.
A retrospective study of sentinel lymph node biopsy for skin cancer in Japan: Comparison with breast cancer and evaluation of factors related to its use
Authors: Wada Shogo , Watanabe Tomone , Ishii Taisuke , Ichinose Yuichi , Rikitake Ryoko , Ogata Dai , Nakano Eiji , Namikawa Kenjiro , Yamazaki Naoya , Higashi Takahiro
Published: October 2023

Background

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) underuse has been reported for skin cancers; however, actual performance rates have not been compared. The objective of this study was to investigate the SLNB performance rate in skin cancers covered by health insurance in Japan and compare it with that in breast cancer.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of the SLNB performance rate in SLNB‐eligible patients with breast or skin cancer from 2018 to 2019, utilizing a database linked to the Hospital‐Based Cancer Registry and Diagnosis Procedure Combination survey. Demographic and tumor characteristics were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results

A total of 71,652 patients were included in this study. SLNB was performed in 86.4% (57,904/67,036) of the patients with breast cancer, 44.7% (694/1552) with melanomas, 3.1% (89/2849) with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 13.5% (29/215) with Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs). The performance rate of SLNB was significantly lower for skin cancers than for breast cancers (odds ratio [OR], 0.03; p < 0.001). In addition, the performance rates of SLNB were significantly lower for SCCs and MCCs than for melanomas (SCC: OR, 0.04; p < 0.001; MCC: OR, 0.19; p < 0.001). Factors associated with SLNB performance included age, sex, year of incidence, primary tumor site, T stage, and number of hospital beds.

Conclusions

SLNB is underutilized for skin cancer. Further investigation is required to explore the reasons for its underutilization so that it may be implemented more universally.
The development of the Cognitive Behavioural Social Competence Therapeutic Intervention for Adults with Autism: A mixed methods report
Authors: Tate David , Dubrow‐Marshall Linda , Allely Clare S.
Published: October 2023

Background

Many young people with autism can have an average or above average IQ, yet they still struggle with the social competencies needed to successfully navigate into adulthood. Despite many individuals with autism experiencing significant challenges during their transition into adulthood, evidence‐based therapeutic interventions to support individuals with autism during this transition are limited. The current literature suggests that cognitive behavioural therapy interventions can help improve social skills and the mental health of individuals with autism. However, little is known about the benefits for young adults with autism transitioning or who have transitioned into adulthood.

Aims and Method

The aim of this research was to deliver a newly developed Cognitive Behavioural Social Competence Therapeutic Intervention for Adults with Autism (CBSCTI‐A) to five young adults with autism. Research aims were to evaluate intervention feasibility and efficacy by triangulating data findings using a mixed methods approach.

Results

Results support feasibility, with CBSCTI‐A receiving very high user satisfaction ratings, and adherence to the intervention was high, recorded at ~90%. Fidelity to treatment was also high, ranging from ~86% to ~100%. Quantitative findings indicate that over an eight‐week time period, a small sample of young adults with autism experienced significant improvements with regard to their social motivation, non‐verbal conversation, emotional empathy, assertiveness, interpersonal relationships and self‐control. Qualitative findings provide further anecdotal support for intervention feasibility and efficacy. After the completion of the intervention, participants and their parents were invited to complete semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis (TA) revealed four main themes: user satisfaction, important components of therapeutic intervention, challenges and critiques, and recommendations.

Conclusions

CBSCTI‐A appears to be a feasible intervention; however, future research with larger samples and more rigorous controlled trials is needed before efficacy can be established.
Fe‐catalyzed Selective N‐Formylation Protocol for Amines Using Glycolic Acid as C1 Bio‐Building Block
Authors: Gokhale Tejas A. , Jagtap Prafull A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: October 2023

Due to current global issues involving climate change and energy crises, it requires several complete overhauls in process developments sectors of energy and chemical manufacturing industries towards more sustainable and readily applicable protocols. As a contribution to this goal with an example of iron‐based catalysis, this work presents a synthetic protocol for synthesis of N‐formamides with glycolic acid as a C1 bio‐building block, which is catalyzed through earth abundant and magnetically active Fe powder as catalyst. The protocol was applied to a wide variety of substrates affording yields in the range of 68–94 % and also performed well at 1 gram and 5 gram scale with yields of up to 86 % and 83 %, respectively. The catalyst was shown to be reusable up to 4 runs and the spent catalyst has been studied using PXRD and XPS analyses to determine catalyst deactivation and its remediation. Plausible reaction pathway has been suggested based on control experiments and GC‐MS results for the process.
Tandem Synthesis of Valuable Chemicals via Electrocatalysis
Authors: Guan Ming‐Hao , Wu Tao , Lu An‐Hui
Published: October 2023

Tandem synthesis, the integration of multiple chemical transformations into a single process, has emerged as a promising strategy to streamline the synthesis of valuable chemicals. Meanwhile, electrocatalysis has garnered significant attention as a versatile tool for driving various chemical reactions through the application of electrical energy. This concept highlights the synergistic potential of tandem synthesis and electrocatalysis, focusing on their combined applications in the efficient production of valuable chemicals. The inherent selectivity of electrocatalytic processes, coupled with the ability to manipulate reaction pathways using precise control of electrode potentials, offers a platform for designing intricate tandem reactions. Through a comprehensive survey of the literature, key examples are showcased where tandem electrocatalytic processes have enabled the conversion of simple starting materials into valuable target molecules, minimizing waste and energy consumption. Mechanistic insights are discussed that underpin these reactions and perspectives on the future directions and challenges in this rapidly evolving field are provided.
Orthodontic force/torque modeling and experiment of Kitchon root‐controlled auxiliary archwire
Authors: Yao Liang , Jiang Jingang , Zhang Yongde , Wang Jingchao , Zhou Shan , Liu Yi
Published: October 2023

The incidence of oral malocclusion is increasing and is seriously damaging the oral health of human beings. The Kitchon root‐controlled auxiliary archwire is an individualized orthodontic arch. It is used clinically for the treatment of tooth‐lingual tilt/root‐lip tilt phenomenon of the central incisors. However, the bending parameters of the Kitchon root‐controlled auxiliary archwire used in different patients are based on the clinical experience of the dentists. Therefore, this orthodontic treatment has a high risk and unpredictability. In this paper, the loading performance and orthodontic process of Kitchon root‐controlled auxiliary archwire are analyzed. And the prediction model of support resistance and correction torque are established. The bending parameters of the Kitchon root‐controlled auxiliary archwire, as well as the effect of the bending parameters on the support resistance and the correction torque, are all quantified. And the prediction models for the support resistance and the correction torque are calculated separately. The correlation coefficients of calculated data and experimental data are ξT1 > .97 and ξA1 > .96, respectively; the correlation coefficients of simulated data and experimental data are ξT2 > .96 and ξA2 > .96, respectively. The accuracy and reliability of the established prediction models are verified. It provides an effective theoretical guide for dentists to safely and efficiently perform root‐controlled rotation orthodontic treatment on patients' central incisors.
The exploration of mitochondrial‐related features helps to reveal the prognosis and immunotherapy methods of colorectal cancer
Authors: Xie Yun‐hui , Jiang Hui‐zhong
Published: October 2023

Background

Cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism are all intertwined with mitochondria. However, a complete description of how the features of mitochondria relate to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunological landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC) has yet to be made.

We performed subgroup analysis on CRC patient data obtained from the databases using non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering. Construct a prognostic model using the mitochondrial‐related gene (MRG) risk score, and then compare it to other models for accuracy. Comprehensive analyses of the risk score, in conjunction with the TME and immune landscape, were performed, and the relationship between the model and different types of cell death, radiation and chemotherapy, and drug resistance was investigated. Results from immunohistochemistry and single‐cell sequencing were utilized to verify the model genes, and a drug sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate possible therapeutic medicines. The pan‐cancer analysis is utilized to further investigate the role of genes in a wider range of malignancies.

Methods and Results

We found that CRC patients based on MRG were divided into two groups with significant differences in survival outcomes and TME between groups. The predictive power of the risk score was further shown by building a prognostic model and testing it extensively in both internal and external cohorts. Multiple immune therapeutic responses and the expression of immunological checkpoints demonstrate that the risk score is connected to immunotherapy success. The correlation analysis of the risk score provide more ideas and guidance for prognostic models in clinical treatment.

Conclusion

The TME, immune cell infiltration, and responsiveness to immunotherapy in CRC were all thoroughly evaluated on the basis of MRG features. The comparative validation of multiple queues and models combined with clinical data ensures the effectiveness and clinical practicality of MRG features. Our studies help clinicians create individualized treatment programs for individuals with cancer.
Electrochemical Selective Mono‐ and Polychlorination of Substituted Thiophenes
Authors: Liu Ting , Lu Hao‐Kuan , Shi Zhaojiang , Yan Hong , Li Zhen , Ye Ke‐Yin
Published: October 2023

An environmentally friendly and efficient electrochemical chlorination of thiophenes has been developed. The monochlorination, dichlorination and trichlorination of thiophenes are selectively achieved. Notably, the reaction has the merits of mild conditions, excellent functional group tolerance, high yields and selectivity, and the capacity for scale‐up, thus providing a synthetically useful alternative to access mono‐ and polychlorinated thiophenes.
Cervical carcinosarcoma, report of some cases and a literature review
Authors: Mariño‐Noya Alejandra , Magallanes‐Peláez Nadia , Puga‐González Nerea , Conde‐Ferreirós Marta , Vieitez‐Villaverde María D. , López‐Ramón y Cajal Carlos N.
Published: October 2023

Synopsis

Most data come from case series, so diagnosis and management may pose a challenge. Further investigations are needed to determine HPV's role in this pathology.
Multiloss strategy for breast cancer subtype classification using digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Guo Wei , Li Xiaomin , Gong Zhaoxuan , Zhang Guodong , Jiang Xiran
Published: October 2023

Breast cancer is the most common cancer for women, and it also is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. As a highly heterogeneous disease, it is crucial to identify the molecular subtypes of breast cancer before individualized therapy. Therefore, we proposed a multiloss network framework to classify the breast cancer subtype based on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images. We employed the multiloss strategy to learn the low‐level features more efficiently and effectively, which would provide a better basis for extracting the high‐level features. Additionally, we also proposed a decomposed attention block (DA), which not only captured the interdependencies between all channels but also the precise positional information at the x‐ and y‐dimensions. The multiloss strategy enables the network to learn useful feature representations of breast cancer subtypes, and the DA block further improves the classification performance by capturing the information between channels and positions.
Development and Validation of an MRI‐Based Nomogram for Preoperative Detection of Muscle Invasion in VI‐RADS 3
Authors: Yu Ruixi , Cai Lingkai , Cao Qiang , Liu Peikun , Gong Yuxi , Li Kai , Wu Qikai , Zhang Yudong , Li Pengchao , Yang Xiao , Lu Qiang
Published: October 2023

Background

The relationship between tumor and muscle layer in the vesical imaging‐reporting and data system (VI–RADS) 3 is ambiguous, and there is a lack of preoperative and non‐invasive procedures to detect muscle invasion in VI‐RADS 3.

Purpose

To develop a nomogram based on MRI features for detecting muscle invasion in VI–RADS 3.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

235 cases (Age: 67.5 ± 11.5 years) with 11.9% females were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 164) and a validation cohort (n = 71).

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, T2‐weighted imaging (turbo spin‐echo), diffusion‐weighted imaging (breathing‐free spin echo), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging (gradient echo).

Assessment

3 features were selected from the training cohort, including tumor contact length greater than maximum tumor diameter (TCL > Dmax), flat tumor morphology, and lower standard deviation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCSD). Three readers assessed VI‐RADS scores and the tumor morphology.

Statistical Tests

Interobserver agreement was assessed by Kappa analysis. Features for final analysis were selected by logistic regression. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve, decision curve analysis, and calibration curve.

Results

TCL > Dmax, flat morphology, and lower ADCSD were the independent risk factors for muscle invasive in VI‐RADS 3. The AUCs, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the nomogram 1 composed of three features for detecting muscle invasion were 0.852 (95% CI: 0.793–0.912), 0.756, 0.917, and 0.663 in the training cohort, and 0.885 (95% CI: 0.801–0.969), 0.817, 0.900, and 0.784 in the validation cohort. The nomogram 2 without ADCSD has nearly the same performance as the nomogram 1.

Data Conclusion

Nomogram can be an efficient tool for preoperative detection of muscle invasion in VI–RADS 3.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Preparation and Performance Study of Polyurethane/Epoxy Resin Interpenetrating Networks with Self‐Healing, Shape Memory, and High Damping Properties
Authors: Li Xi , Niu Yanhui , Ai Tao , Li Xu , Yang Peng , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Zhuo
Published: October 2023

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) possessing a wide damping temperature range are commonly employed as damping materials that are applied in numerous fields. But IPNs will gradually appear to fatigue microcracks and fracture when long‐term in the energy absorption and dissipation. So, the ability for IPNs to recover from damage is necessary that can considerably prolong their service life. Based on polyurethane elastomer and cross‐linked epoxy, several innovative self‐healing IPNs are designed and prepared in this research. The IPNs containing dynamic disulfide bond exhibit favorable damping and self‐healing properties. In detail, the loss factor of IPN‐80/20 is beyond 0.3 at temperatures between −0.8 and 65.5 °C that covers the operating temperature range at room temperature. What is more, The PU/EP IPNs also have excellent shape memory properties, self‐healing ability, and thermal stability.
From Forest to Future: Synthesis of Sustainable High Molecular Weight Polyamides Using and Investigating the AROP of β‐Pinene Lactam
Authors: Kleybolte Magdalena M. , Winnacker Malte
Published: October 2023

Polyamides (PA) are among the most essential and versatile polymers due to their outstanding characteristics, for example, high chemical resistance and temperature stability. Furthermore, nature‐derived monomers can introduce hard‐to‐synthesize structures into the PAs for unique polymer properties. Pinene, as one of the most abundant terpenes in nature and its presumable stability‐giving bicyclic structure, is therefore highly promising. This work presents simple anionic ring‐opening polymerizations of β‐pinene lactam (AROP) in‐bulk and in solution. PAs with high molecular weights, suitable for further processing, are produced. Their good mechanical, thermal (Tds up to 440 °C), and transparent appearance render them promising high‐performance biomaterials. In the following, the suitability of different initiators is discussed. Thereby, it is found that NaH is the most successful for in‐bulk polymerization, with a degree of polymerization (DP) of about 322. For solution‐AROP, iPrMgCl·LiCl is successfully used for the first time, achieving DPs up to about 163. The obtained PAs are also hot‐pressed, and the dynamic mechanical properties are analyzed.
A further case of AFG2B‐related neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and microcephaly allows further clarification of pathogenicity of the variant c.1313T>C, p.(Leu438Pro)
Authors: Grosch Sarah , Kehrer Martin , Riess Olaf , Bevot Andrea , Haack Tobias B.
Published: October 2023

Background

Bi‐allelic variants in AFG2B (previously known as SPATA5L1) have recently been associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and spasticity, as well as isolated hearing loss. We report on a 6 1/2‐year‐old girl with a history of global developmental delay, subsequent intellectual disability without relevant language acquisition, sensorineural hearing loss, muscular hypotonia and microcephaly.

Methods

We performed trio exome sequencing on the patient and her parents.

Results

Trio exome sequencing revealed likely pathogenic compound heterozygous missense variants in AFG2B [c.527G>T, p.(Gly176Val) and c.1313T>C, p.(Leu438Pro)] in the patient.

Conclusion

Of note, the change c.1313T>C, p.(Leu438Pro) has been observed in a previously published patient as part of a complex disease allele along with a second homozygous missense change, so the exact contribution of the two alterations to this patient's disease had initially remained unclear. Our results support the pathogenic relevance of the c.1313T>C, p.(Leu438Pro) allele while providing detailed insights into the disease manifestation of a further patient.
Description of the abilities of physiotherapists in terms of diagnostic hypothesis and management decision for self‐referred patients with musculoskeletal disorders in France using clinical vignettes: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Vignaud Hermine , Molins Constance , Legaux Clara , Slusznis Anouchka , Sarhan François‐Régis , Demont Anthony
Published: October 2023

Background

Direct access to physiotherapy has been introduced in several countries. In France, the healthcare system is evolving towards its introduction; however, no study has described the ability of physiotherapists in this context.

Objective

To describe the ability of physiotherapists practicing in France to formulate correct diagnostic hypotheses and make appropriate management decisions using clinical vignettes.

Methods

Pre‐existing validated clinical vignettes were used and integrated into a numerical questionnaire. The percentages of correct answers were calculated from the results concerning the choice of diagnostic hypothesis and the management decision, both overall and for the three different patient categories: musculoskeletal, non‐critical medical, and critical medical.

Results

Four hundred eighty‐two participants (1.7%) responded to the study. For the formulation of a diagnostic hypothesis, there were 43.0% (415/964), 26.6% (128/482), and 17.8% (86/482) correct answers respectively for the musculoskeletal, non‐critical medical, and critical medical categories. For management decisions, there were 60.8% (586/964), 61.6% (297/482), and 85.1% (410/482) correct answers respectively for the same categories.

Conclusions

Our results related to the management decision were better than those for the diagnostic hypothesis, especially for the critical medical category. There is still room for improvement. It might be interesting to support this initial study by using more clinical vignettes validated in a French context.