bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Stereotypes and Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Osaďan Róbert
Published: July 2015

In this study we explored the perception of gender stereotypes among elementary school teachers. Respondents (280 teachers) answered questions about their perception of the suitable behaviour according to the gender. Significant interactions emerge between teachers’ and pupils’ gender. The primary purpose of this paper was to find out on how teachers’ stereotypes affect their behavior towards elementary school-children. Results of the research were generally consistent with gender role stereotypes.
Geographic Mobility and the Costs of Job Loss
Authors: A. Jolly Nicholas
Published: July 2015

This paper uses data from the 1968 through 1997 survey waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to analyze how the long-term costs of job loss vary by a worker’s post-displacement migration status. Results from the analysis show that those individuals who move within the first 2 years after a job loss experience lower earnings losses, lower reductions in hours worked, and smaller increases in time unemployed when compared to a group of displaced workers who are not geographically mobile during the early years following this life event. Workers who move within the first 2 years after displacement face a lower probability of homeownership when compared to their non-mobile counterparts. However, this lower probability is short-lived.
Preliminary results of studies on the distribution of invasive alien vascular plant species occurring in semi-natural and natural habitats in NW Poland
Authors: Popiela Agnieszka , Łysko Andrzej , Sotek Zofia , Ziarnek Krzysztof
Published: July 2015

In Western Pomerania, as in other areas of Europe, alien species play an increasingly important role. In particular, invasive plants tend to spread rapidly and in large numbers which may reduce diversity of native species, leading to the phenomenon of “trivialisation of flora”, and transform ecosystems. The list of invasive species (32 taxa) includes alien species occurring throughout Western Pomerania, and penetrating natural or semi-natural habitats. The second group consists of potentially invasive species (23 taxa), i.e. those distributed across the area under study and tending to increase the number of their localities in semi-natural and natural habitats, taxa invasive only locally, as well as species with missing data, which does not currently allow including them into the first group. Invasive weeds, as well as some epecophytes and archaeophytes occurring only on anthropogenic sites and tending to spread, were not taken into account. Among hemiagriophytes, the most common and troublesome ones are: Conyza canadensis, Erigeron annuus, Lolium multiflorum, Lupinus polyphyllus, Solidago canadensis, S. gigantea. Among holoagriophytes, i.e. the taxa which received the highest naturalisation status, very expansive species, successful in land colonisation, like Acer negundo, Bidens frondosa, B. connata, Clematis vitalba, Elodea canadensis, Epilobium ciliatum, Heracleum sosnowskyi, Impatiens glandulifera, I. parviflora, Padus serotina, Quercus rubra and Robinia pseudoacacia, should be given particular attention. Among the invasive and potentially invasive species, most taxa penetrate plant communities of the Artemisietea and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class, followed by Querco-Fagetea, Vaccinio-Piceetea, Stellarietea mediae, Salicetea purpurae and Koelerio-Corynophoretea. The number of invasive species is twice as high when compared to the situation of these species in Poland; on the contrary, the number of species inhabiting anthropogenic, semi-natural and natural habitats is two times lower, while that of holoagriophytes and hemiagriophytes is 56.3% and 43.7%, respectively. It seems that in the case of some invasive and potentially invasive species, a decrease in the number of their locations may be observed from the west to the east (e.g. for Acer negundo, Bromus carinatus, Clematis vitalba, Helianthus tuberosus, Lycium barbarum, Reynoutria japonica, Rosa rugosa, Vicia grandiflora). Distribution patterns for some species (e.g. for Parthenocytisus inserta or Xanthium albinum) are indicative of a likely major role of the Odra River valley in the spreading of invasive species. It should be kept in mind that the area of the North-West Poland is poorly examined in terms of its flora, so the results provided in this paper are tentative. Nevertheless, the maps illustrate colonisation trends and directions and, moreover, have been so far the only attempt to synthesise this problem in NW Poland.
Some regularities in the distribution of kenophytes in the Polish Carpathians and their foreland
Authors: Zając Maria , Zając Adam
Published: July 2015

The Polish Carpathians and their northern foreland are a rewarding object for the kenophyte distribution research. The study, using the cartogram method, showed that the number of kenophyte species decreases with increasing altitude. Only few kenophytes were found in the lower forest zone. This regularity concerns also the species that reach higher altitudes in the mountains of their native lands. A number of species migrated into the Carpathians through rivers and streams. River valleys generate many open habitats, which are easily colonized by kenophytes due to the lack of competition. In the Carpathians, towns used to be founded in the mountain valleys and this was also a favouring factor of kenophyte propagation. The arrangement of mountain ranges in the Polish Carpathians, including their foreland, hindered the migration of some species and allowed to discover the possible migration routes into the area covered by research. Tracing these migration routes was possible only for those species that have not occupied the whole available area yet. Additionally, the study indicated the most dangerous invasive species in the Polish Carpathians and their foreland.
Molecular basis of human enamel defects
Authors: Chatzopoulos Georgios , Tziafas Dimitrios
Published: July 2015

During eruption of teeth in the oral cavity, the effect of gene variations and environmental factors can result in morphological and structural changes in teeth. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a failure which is detected on the enamel of the teeth and clinical picture varies by the severity and type of the disease. Classification of the types of amelogenesis imperfecta is determined by histological, genetic, clinical and radiographic criteria. Specifically, there are 4 types of amelogenesis imperfecta (according to Witkop): hypoplastic form, hypo-maturation form, hypo-calcified form, and hypo-maturation/hypoplasia form with taurodontism and 14 subcategories. The diagnosis and classification of amelogenesis imperfecta has traditionally been based on clinical presentation or phenotype and the inheritance pattern. Several genes can be mutated and cause the disease. Millions of genes, possibly more than 10,000 genes produce proteins that regulate synthesis of enamel. Some of the genes and gene products that are likely associated with amelogenesis imperfecta are: amelogenin (AMELX, AMELY genes), ameloblastin (AMBN gene), enamelin (ENAM gene), enamelysin (MMP20 gene), kalikryn 4 (KLK 4 gene), tuftelins (Tuftelin gene), FAM83H (FAM83H gene) and WDR72 (WDR72 gene). Particular attention should be given by the dentist in recognition and correlation of phenotypes with genotypes, in order to diagnose quickly and accurately such a possible disease and to prevent or treat it easily and quickly. Modern dentistry should restore these lesions in order to guarantee aesthetics and functionality, usually in collaboration with a group of dentists.
Effects of NaOCl or combination of NaOCl and various acids on dentin surface morphology: A SEM study
Authors: Gökçe Kağan , Benderli Yasemin , Kazak Mağrur
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate by SEM morphological changes of dentin surfaces under the use of 5% NaOCl before applying different acids for etching. In the study, dentin surfaces were prepared from the middle third of 20 non-carious human third molars. Samples were divided into 2 groups with 3 subgroups each. In the first group, no application was performed on dentin surfaces. In the second group, 5% NaOCl was applied for 60 seconds on the dentin surfaces then rinsed with distilled water for 5 seconds. In all of the subgroups, dentin surfaces were etched by different conditioning agents for 15 seconds then rinsed for 30 seconds. After surface applications, all of the specimens were placed in distilled water. Morphological changes of dentin surfaces were determined by SEM. The results were evaluated by the scoring system based on Brannström et al. In the NaOCl treated groups, scores were as follows: The score of dentin without NaOCl treatment was 0, while it was 4 after phosphoric acid application, 3 after only citric acid-ferric chloride, and 1 after only maleic acid application. In the group where only NaOCl was applied, the score was not exactly 1 but slightly less. The score for NaOCl with phosphoric acid was 4, NaOCl with citric acid-ferric chloride was 3, and NaOCl with maleic acid was 2. Weak acid was found more effective on NaOCl treated dentin surfaces when compared with non-treated dentin surfaces.
Ultra-structural changes of the early childhood caries starting phases of development
Authors: Kokoceva-Ivanovska Olga , Carcev Mile
Published: July 2015

In the recent 20 years, besides dramatic reduction of caries in many countries where complex programme of prevention is carried out, prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) has expressed continual growth trend. The aim of our research was to determine precisely ultra-structural changes in the enamel substance at the initial lesion of the ECC (white spot lesion), as initial change of great importance for its preventive aspect. Therefore, we directed our experiment to evaluate ultra-structural changes of the teeth enamel in primary teeth with circular caries in its opening stages of development: initial caries lesion and superficial form. To realize the aim of our research, in patients 6 years of age, whose teeth were already in the phase of resorption, we extracted 20 maxillary incisors (10 with initial lesion and 10 with superficial form) and 20 healthy mandibular incisors, as a control group. Investigation was done at the Institute for biomedical research of the Faculty of Medicine in Nis (Serbia), with the scanning electronic microscope. The data indicated that in the initial phase and superficial form of ECC only demineralization happened, while in the case of superficial form changes were much deeper. This speaks in favour of better understanding of ultra-structural changes of the enamel surface that happen in the initial phase of the ECC, which could help to create strategy for its successful prevention.
Prosthodontic management of a patient with oligodontia: A case report
Authors: Malkondu Özlem , Kayahan Baybora , Sayınsu Korkmaz , Argın Kılıçarslan , Kazazoğlu Ender
Published: July 2015

Oligodontia or severe hypodontia is a rare developmental dental anomaly which is described as congenital absence of 6 or more teeth excluding the third molars. In this case report, the treatment of a 31-yearold woman with congenital absence of 9 permanent teeth is described. The treatment with occlusal appliance and fixed a partial dentures ended up in functional and aesthetic results.
New heteroscorpionate lanthanide complexes for ring-opening polymerisation of ɛ-caprolactone and rac-lactide‡
Authors: Scrivanti Alberto , Bortoluzzi Marco , Gatto Mattia
Published: July 2015

Yttrium and lanthanum amido-complexes with bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetates in their coordination spheres were studied as the catalysts in
Mathematical Kinetic Modelling and Representing Design Equation for a Packed Photoreactor with Immobilised TiO2-P25 Nanoparticles on Glass Beads in the Removal of C.I. Acid Orange 7
Authors: Sheidaei Behnaz , Behnajady Mohammad A.
Published: July 2015

In this work, a design equation was presented for a batch-recirculated photoreactor composed of a packed bed reactor (PBR) with immobilised TiO2-P25 nanoparticle thin films on glass beads, and a continuous-flow stirred tank (CFST). The photoreactor was studied in order to remove C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7), a monoazo anionic dye from textile industry, by means of UV/TiO2 process. The effect of different operational parameters such as the initial concentration of contaminant, the volume of solution in CFST, the volumetric flow rate of liquid, and the power of light source in the removal efficiency were examined. A rate equation for the removal of AO7 is obtained by mathematical kinetic modelling. The results of reaction kinetic analysis indicate the conformity of removal kinetics with Langmuir-Hinshelwood model (kL-H = 0.74 mg L-1 min-1, Kads = 0.081 mg-1 L). The represented design equation obtained from mathematical kinetic modelling can properly predict the removal rate constant of the contaminant under different operational conditions (R2 = 0.963). Thus the calculated and experimental results are in good agreement with each other.
Briquetting of EAF Dust for its Utilisation in Metallurgical Processes
Authors: Magdziarz Aneta , Kuźnia Monika , Bembenek Michał , Gara Paweł , Hryniewicz Marek
Published: July 2015

Dust generated at an electric arc furnace during steel production industry is still not a solved problem. Electric arc furnace dust (EAF) is a hazardous solid waste. Sintering of well-prepared briquetted mixtures in a shaft furnace is one of possible methods of EAFD utilisation. Simultaneously some metal oxides from exhaust gases can be separated. In this way, various metals are obtained, particularly zinc is recovered. As a result, zinc-free briquettes are received with high iron content which can be used in the steelmaking process. The purpose of the research was selecting the appropriate chemical composition of briquettes of the required strength and coke content necessary for the reduction of zinc oxide in a shaft furnace. Based on the results of the research the composition of the briquettes was selected. The best binder hydrated lime and sugar molasses and the range of proper moisture of mixture to receive briquettes of high mechanical strength were also chosen and tested. Additionally, in order to determine the thermal stability for the selected mixtures for briquetting thermal analysis was performed. A technological line of briquetting was developed to apply in a steelworks.
Validation of Part-Filter Analysis to Estimate Smokers' Mouth Level Exposure to ‘Tar’ and Nicotine
Authors: Prasad Krishna , Ashley Madeleine , Dixon Mike
Published: July 2015

Part-filter analysis is a method used to assess mouth level exposure (MLE) of cigarette smokers to mainstream smoke constituents. We assessed the robustness of part-filter analysis to compare MLE to nicotine and ‘tar’ between smoker populations and during calibration. Three groups of subjects smoked two batches of the same brand of 1-mg ISO tar yield Hungarian cigarettes three times each. Eighteen calibration curves were produced with three operators using three smoking machines. Within each batch of cigarettes, MLE did not differ significantly between the three smoker groups or after repeated smoking within groups. MLE was marginally higher for cigarettes from Batch 1 than Batch 2. No significant differences were found between the slopes and intercepts of the calibration curves produced using different smoking machines and operators. Part-filter analysis offers a repeatable means of estimating smokers' ‘tar’ and nicotine MLE in large-scale studies in their everyday smoking environments.
Search for Non-Volatile Components with Low Polarity Characterizing Tobacco Leaves Using Liquid Chromatography / Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detector
Authors: Ishida Naoyuki
Published: July 2015

There has been focus on the components with low polarity in tobacco leaf resin due to their probable relation with taste and aroma of tobacco products, the lack of a feasible analytical method and instrument has long been an obstacle to identifying the components with low polarity. The author thereby paid attention to the analysis employing nonaqueous reversed-phase chromatography hyphenated with a photo diode array detector and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detector which has been considered applicable to the separation of significant but unknown non-volatile. The application succeeded in simultaneously separating, detecting and quantifying more than 100 non-volatile components with different low polarity such as solanesols, triacylglycerols, phytosterols, and chlorophylls. However, their compositional differences among various tobacco leaves still remained partial knowledge based on targeted analysis instead of global knowledge based on comprehensive analysis. No investigation searching for key components elucidating different tastes, aromas, species, cultivars, curing processes, and growing districts among tobacco leaves has been carried out so far. For this reason, all the quantification data were consolidated to form complete multidimensional matrix and were statistically processed to observe the categories and the key components of various tobacco leaves by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Tobacco leaves were first classified into three categories consisting of flue-cured Virginia, air-cured leaf, and Oriental. Solanesyl esters, phytosteryl esters and solanachromene contributed to the category of flue-cured Virginia, while air-cured leaf was characterized by free phytosterols. Oriental was featured by chlorophyll in addition to the contributory components to flue-cured Virginia. Non-volatile components with low polarity seemed to be degraded during curing process and to therefore characterize the different curing processes among various tobacco leaves.
Gromov (non-)hyperbolicity of certain domains in ℂN
Authors: Nikolov Nikolai , Thomas Pascal J. , Trybuła Maria
Published: July 2015

We prove the Gromov non-hyperbolicity with respect to the Kobayashi distance for

𝒞

1
,
1

${\mathcal{C}^{1,1}}$

-smooth convex domains
in

ℂ
2

${\mathbb{C}^{2}}$

which contain an analytic disc in the boundary or have a point of infinite type with rotation symmetry.
The same is shown for “generic” product spaces, as well as for the symmetrized polydisc and the tetrablock.
On the other hand, examples of smooth, non-pseudoconvex, Gromov hyperbolic domains in

ℂ
n

${\mathbb{C}^{n}}$

are given.
Kinetics Calculation of the Non-isothermal Reduction of Pellet
Authors: Yingli Liu , Jingsong Wang , Wentao Guo , Zeshang Dong , Qingguo Xue
Published: July 2015

The reduction tests of pellet were carried out from room temperature to 1,373 K in the condition of traditional blast furnace (TBF) and oxygen blast furnace (OBF) by thermogravimeter measurement. The apparent activation energyE, pre-exponential factorAand the controlling steps of reaction were determined by the non-isothermal method of Coats–Redfern. In the condition of TBF, the reduction is controlled by solid diffusion to interfacial chemical reaction at initial stage, and gas diffusion at final stage. In the condition of OBF, the controlling step switched from solid diffusion to gas diffusion + interfacial chemical reaction in the beginning and the interfacial chemical reaction at the late stage. Meanwhile, the transition temperature points of the controlling step were predicted. The transition temperatures are 750℃ and 900℃ in TBF and 630℃ (earlier 120℃ than in TBF) and 900℃ (after the insulation) in OBF.
Non-overlapping Generation Species: Complex Prey–Predator Interactions
Authors: Gkana Amalia , Zachilas Loukas
Published: July 2015

In this paper we study a prey–predator dynamical system suitable for species having no overlap between successive generations. Assuming that population evolves in discrete-time steps we investigate the prey refuge effect on prey–predator interactions. Stability analysis is applied in order to investigate the local stability properties of the fixed points of our modified model. Numerical simulation tools, such as parametric basins of attraction, phase plots, bifurcation and Lyapunov exponent diagrams are used in order to study further the complex dynamics of the system. It is shown that our modified prey–predator model exhibits a wider array of dynamics than its continuous counterpart. Adding an average refuge destabilizes the prey–predator interactions via a supercritical Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and several period-doubling bifurcations. Finally, the addition of a large refuge exhibits random-like dynamics leading to outbreaks in the prey population density. We show that reproduction in certain intervals is important and should be taken into account since it could help in the identification of insect pest population outbreaks.
Social mobility in China and Britain: a comparative study
Authors: Li Yaojun , Zhang Shun , Kong Jianxun
Published: July 2015

This paper looks at social mobility in China and Britain. It explores whether the rapid economic development in China in the last thirty years has brought its mobility closer to that in Britain. It also examines the effects of China’s household registration system (hukou) on people’s mobility chances. Using national representative surveys in the two countries, we found a convergence in total mobility in the two countries but higher levels of inequality in China in terms of relative mobility. Chinese women faced the greatest disadvantages. The prime driver for social inequality in China was the hukou system. Rural people in China had very limited opportunities for education but even those who had similar levels of education were still very much hampered by the hukou penalty in trying to gain access to advantaged positions. Both societies are highly unequal but China has an additional barrier.
Treatment of central precocious puberty and early puberty with GnRH analog in girls with Williams-Beuren syndrome
Authors: Spielmann Sarah , Partsch Carl Joachim , Gosch Angela , Pankau Rainer
Published: July 2015

Little has been published on treatment of precocious puberty in girls with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a condition occurring frequently in this group. We analyzed our own data on growth/age at menarche of now adult female patients with WBS being diagnosed with central precocious puberty or early puberty. Data of patients treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog (n=13) were compared with those not treated (control group, n=11).

Longitudinal data on the somatic development of 24 now adult female patients were analyzed.

Medium final height was 157.2±6.5 cm compared to 151.4±5.6 cm in the control group. No significant difference could be found in the discrepancy of genetic target height and final height. Prepubertally girls were normal weight in both groups; in adulthood the majority of patients were overweight/obese. Menarche commenced 11 months after cessation of therapy.

As already known from other studies, hormonal suppression via GnRH analog was well tolerated.
Kadavu Island: adaptation and stagnation in the Fijian periphery
Authors: Sofer Michael
Published: July 2015

The outer island of Kadavu is representative of the Fijian periphery. This paper deals with its physical characteristics, infrastructural conditions, and village economic activities with the aim of understanding the changes it has gone through in recent years. A combination of micro-geographic studies in two villages and a meso-geographical analysis show that the pattern of development found in Kadavu in the early 1980s has not changed much. The current pattern of cash crop production and trade is almost entirely dependent on the kava beverage crop, infrastructure is underdeveloped, the island suffers from the peripheral penalty phenomenon, and government initiatives aimed at changing the trend are very limited. However, the current form of non-capitalist production and its derived benefit has forced villagers into a strategy of adaptation which might actually be preferable for them under the current conditions of peripheralization.
Natural capital as a factor in regional competitiveness
Authors: Kasztelan Armand
Published: July 2015

Environmental resources and values (natural capital) should be seen as a key factor in regional competitiveness. However, little attention has been paid so far to the role of natural capital in the process of achieving competitive advantage from the territorial perspective. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study on the environmental competitiveness of Polish regions. The author’s contribution to the theory is the use of taxonomic metrics for research purposes. Based on certain predefined criteria the environmental potential of each voivodship was assessed in 2004 and 2012. For research purposes, 26 indicators of state, pressure, and environmental protection were proposed. Owing to the fact that the subset of diagnostic variables (indicators) contained elements that could not be directly aggregated, their unification was achieved using standardization formulas. The methodology proposed by the author might be used to assess environmental competitiveness in different regions or countries. The results of the performed analyses indicated that the Subcarpathian province scored highest in terms of environmental competitiveness, while Swiętokrzyskie province scored lowest.
A Mathematical Analysis of Domestic Terrorist Activity in the Years of Lead in Italy
Authors: Marcovina Marco , Pellero Bruno
Published: July 2015

The data-set of the casualties of terrorist attacks in the Years of Lead in Italy is analyzed in order to empirically test theoretical open issues about terrorist activity. The first is whether Richardson’s law holds true when the scale is narrowed down from global to only one epoch of domestic terrorism in a single country. It is found that the power law is a plausible model. Then, the distribution of the inter-arrival times between two consecutive strikes is investigated, finding (weaker) indications that also for this parameter a power law is a plausible model and that this is the result of non-stationary dynamics of terrorist activity. The implications of this finding on the models available today for explaining a power law in the severity of attacks are then discussed. The paper also highlights the counter-intuitive implications that a power law distribution of the waiting times has for a State inferring the time to the next strike from the observation of the time already elapsed since the previous one. Further, it is shown how the analysis of the inter-arrival times provides estimates about the temporal evolution of terrorist strength that can help discriminating among competing hypotheses derived from qualitative analysis. Finally, a simplified mathematical model of the policy decision-making process is constructed to show how the nature of power laws biases the prioritizing of the policy agenda and the consequent allocation of resources to concurring issues. It is shown how the bias causes systematical relative underfunding of policy issues whose severity follows a power law distribution and that this trend is likely to persist until a major event will reverse the behavior of the decision-maker, then causing relative overfunding.
The concept of radiation-enhanced stem cell differentiation
Authors: Mieloch Adam A. , Suchorska Wiktoria M.
Published: July 2015

Background. Efficient stem cell differentiation is considered to be the holy grail of regenerative medicine. Pursuing the most productive method of directed differentiation has been the subject of numerous studies, resulting in the development of many effective protocols. However, the necessity for further improvement in differentiation efficiency remains. This review contains a description of molecular processes underlying the response of stem cells to ionizing radiation, indicating its potential application in differentiation procedures. In the first part, the radiation-induced damage response in various types of stem cells is described. Second, the role of the p53 protein in embryonic and adult stem cells is highlighted. Last, the hypothesis on the mitochondrial involvement in stem cell development including its response to ionizing radiation is presented.

Conclusions. In summary, despite the many threats of ionizing radiation concerning genomic instability, subjecting cells to the appropriate dosage of ionizing radiation may become a useful method for enhancing directed differentiation in certain stem cell types.
Youth Labour Flows and Unemployment in Great Recession: Comparing Spain and the Czech Republic
Authors: Flek Vladislav , Mysíková Martina
Published: July 2015

Using Spain and the Czech Republic as examples of two EU countries with different labour market performance, we apply a gross flow analysis based on EU-SILC longitudinal data. We find that while in Spain the increases in youth unemployment are driven mostly by young people who lose their jobs, in the Czech Republic, this is mainly due to new labour market entrants who failed to find a job. The analysis of flow transition rates suggests that youth labour markets with enormously high unemployment rates have not failed in all relevant respects. Their development seems to be hindered predominantly by high risk of job losses and diminishing employment prospects of the unemployed, rather than by impeded transitions from inactivity to employment. In countries with lower youth unemployment rates, unemployment policy agenda appears to be challenged by quite the opposite tendency
Measuring Inefficiency of the Czech Labour Market
Authors: Němec Daniel
Published: July 2015

This paper aims to quantify the performance of the Czech regional labour markets and to reveal the most influential economic factors standing behind its dynamics in the last fifteen years. Investigated labour markets are described using matching function approach. The successful matches are treated as an output of production process, where the unemployed are paired with vacancies. Efficiency of this matching process plays an important role in determining unemployment outflows. Using stochastic frontier model approach, dynamics of quantified efficiency terms is revealed and differences among regions are evaluated. The model specification includes a fixed effect term, where individual effect terms and inefficiency terms are estimated jointly. The stochastic frontier is estimated using monthly and quarterly regional panel data of 77 districts for the period 1999-2014. Matching efficiency of the Czech regional labour markets is negatively influenced people who have been unemployed for a long time and by the unemployed aged over 50 years. Although all districts were able to operate at their stochastic frontiers of matching, an upward trend in the inefficiency has been found within the investigated period. These tendencies are accompanied by rising disparities among the regions. Low levels of estimated matching inefficiency do not necessary mean the low unemployment in the corresponding districts.
Dire l’indicible et décrire l’indescriptible: Ressources imagières et linguistiques des poilus
Authors: Kiviniemi Anne-Laure
Published: July 2015

Cet article étudie et confronte les usages que font quatre soldats aux profils scolaires différents des ressources imagières et linguistiques pour exprimer l’inexprimable. Il s’agira de déterminer si leurs utilisations des mots et de l’image attestent d’une “déchirure du pouvoir d’expression” (Balibar 1985: 406) entre bénéficiaires de l’instruction primaire et bénéficiaires de l’instruction secondaire. L’usage concurrent, synergique ou fusionnel des deux systèmes sémiotiques sera étudié via une analyse stylistico-pragmatique. Seront passées en revue les manières dont les soldats parviennent à imager les dires et dire les images, dire en images ou dire avec l’image, donner du sens aux mots ou changer le sens des mots à travers leur image.
What is the proper characterization of the alphabet? VII: Sleight of hand
Authors: Watt W. C.
Published: July 2015

Our signs are what we make them. To convey what they mean they must be interpreted, and how they’re interpreted depends partly on what form they take, misleading or otherwise. So the means by which we realize our interior signs into the exterior world must retain a perennial interest, because we can achieve such realizations only via our physiology, which affects our signs’ forms. Our mouths affect our spoken signs; our writing hands affect our written signs. (How could it be otherwise? Both tongues and fingers have limitations.) So a close look at how our writing hands realize our signs on the paper promises to be a good candidate for extending our understanding of how we physically realize our signs, and of how this both binds and frees us.
Egoísmo de tres cuartillos: el sabotaje de los hacendados al tajón público de carnes en Santafé, 1798-1817
Authors: Mejía Sergio
Published: July 2015

Se estudia una serie de anomalías en el abasto de carnes de Santafé de Bogotá entre 1798 y 1817, causadas por la reticencia de los hacendados a acatar la orden del virrey Mendinueta de expender sus productos en una nueva carnicería o tajón en el centro de la ciudad. Decididos a no pagar el acarreo correspondiente, y valiéndose del cabildo (del que eran dueños), estos hacendados terminaron por imponer su voluntad sobre el virrey, quien transigió con un aumento del 50 % en el precio de la carne, a cambio de establecer el tajón. El caso muestra la debilidad del Estado colonial en sus postrimerías y pone en evidencia el egoísmo ante lo público de los potentados santafereños, que, al cabo de dos años, se convirtieron en beneméritos republicanos. Se usan papeles de los fondos: Abastos, Milicias y Marina, Miscelánea de la Colonia y Gobierno del Archivo General de la Nación de Bogotá.
Amerindios y europeos en manuales escolares de historia de América, Colombia (1975-1990)
Authors: Cerón Rengifo Carmen Patricia
Published: July 2015

Se analiza el discurso escrito sobre las gentes categorizadas como amerindios y europeos, en una muestra de manuales escolares de historia de América, que fueron publicados en Colombia entre 1975 y 1990. Se sugiere que en estos textos subyace el evolucionismo social, concatenado con el difusionismo, que es entendido como ordenador de una clasificación social que sitúa a los pueblos y culturas indígenas en un punto inicial asociado a la noción de tiempo pasado. De acuerdo con esta ordenación, los amerindios son ubicados en una posición anterior e inferior con relación a la categoría de europeos, representada positivamente como contemporánea y dadora de civilización. Así, se impone la mirada del eurocentrismo y se justifica la Conquista y la Colonia como procesos indispensables para civilizar a América.
María Teresa Ronderos. Guerras recicladas. Una historia periodística del paramilitarismo en Colombia.Bogotá: Aguilar, 2014. 402 páginas.
Authors: Ahumada Casas Madeleine
Published: July 2015

El 2 de octubre de 2014 se realizó en Bogotá el lanzamiento del libro Guerras Recicladas. Una historia periodística del paramilitarismo en Colombia, de la periodista María Teresa Ronderos. Este texto es descrito por sus colegas de la Silla Vacía —medio periodístico de denuncia del cual es fundadora— como “una historia periodística del paramilitarismo en el país, que busca responder cómo nació, qué influencia nacional e internacional tuvo y cómo se legitimó este fenómeno por más de tres décadas”. La autora subraya que su intención es responder, desde una mirada política, a cómo y por qué pasaron las cosas y contribuir al debate sobre las guerras recicladas en Colombia
Edward Palmer Thompson. Más allá de la frontera. La política de una misión fracasada: Bulgaria, 1944. España: El Viejo Topo, 2012. 137 páginas.
Authors: Cifuentes Sarmiento José Alejandro
Published: July 2015

En 1981 el historiador Edward P. Thompson dictó una serie de tres conferencias en la Universidad de Stanford, que ha sido recogida en el presente volumen. De entrada hay que denotar que no se trataba de cualquier ciclo de conferencias, puesto que los encargados de estas le pusieron una condición a Thompson: que su intervención versara sobre un tema del que no hubiera escrito hasta el momento y que, a la vez, le resultara novedoso. Entonces Thompson decidió explorar un evento del que no solo fue testigo, sino también actor: la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Así las cosas, Más allá de la frontera, texto que llega a los lectores de habla hispana luego de 15 años de haber sido publicado en inglés, contiene una de las pocas reflexiones de Thompson sobre la historia reciente, lo cual la reviste de cierto interés para todos aquellos interesados en la obra del historiador británico.
Diana Elvira Soto Arango. La escuela rural en Colombia. Historias de vida de maestras. Mediados del siglo xx. Tunja: fudesa, 2014. 216 páginas.
Authors: Torres Doris Lilia
Published: July 2015

Me honra presentar este libro por dos razones: la primera es personal. Porque he tenido el asunto de la identidad del mestizo como una de mis preocupaciones, a través de la cual he tratado de encontrar las voces que hablan sobre lo que somos y cómo somos. Aunque Gabriel García Márquez universalizó nuestra cultura latinoamericana, no me deja de sorprender que cuando los escritores y periodistas de la Costa Atlántica se refieren a su vida y obra, lo hacen de una manera tan personal y cercana, que se siente cómo experimentan ese realismo mágico correr por su venas. De igual manera, leer el libro La Escuela rural en Colombia. Historias de vida de maestra. Mediados del siglo xx, de la Dra. Diana Elvira Soto, hizo que las emociones surgieran y brotaran con las imágenes, símbolos, descripciones y narraciones de las educadoras que vivieron en este altiplano cundiboyacense. Pude sentir el olor de la vereda, el sonido de la quebrada, la soledad de la escuela, lo mitos de la llorona y la patasola escondidos en los rincones de los salones de clase para apaciguar los ánimos, el frío del páramo del Vijagual en Rondón y la frescura del valle de los Ocobos en Miraflores. También sentí la zozobra y el miedo por la violencia y el desplazamiento de Yacopí a Bogotá. Allí la maestra, la mujer, la líder y madre va caminando por las veredas y municipios de una tierra abandonada y asediada por la corrupción política centralista, buscando un ideal y construyendo comunidades que avanzan con la elaboración mental que da el aprendizaje de la lectura y escritura, en manos de maestras como Amparo y Andrea, que creyeron en la construcción de comunidades más justas y menos discriminadas a través de la enseñanza de las letras y el lenguaje.
Da compaixão à inocência: Nietzsche e Schopenhauer em torno da questão do egoísmo
Authors: Oliveira Jelson Roberto de
Published: July 2015

Pretende-se demonstrar nesse trabalho como Nietzsche formula, nos escritos que formam o segundo período de sua produção filosófica, uma crítica à moral da compaixão proposta por Schopenhauer. Para isso, far-se-á uma revisão das teses schopenhaurianas segundo as quais o egoísmo é o motivo antimoral por excelência e, contrariamente, o altruísmo é a base legítima da moralidade. Analisar-se-á, também, o procedimento usado por Nietzsche para, de um lado, criticar esse ideal e, de outro, chegar à inocência como principal resultado de seu programa filosófico.
O trabalho do impróprio e os afetos da flexibilização
Authors: Safatle Vladimir Pinheiro
Published: July 2015

Trata-se de discutir a centralidade do trabalho como categoria de reconhecimento através da problematização de sua natureza disciplinar. Isto nos levará a um duplo movimento: primeiro, a categoria de trabalho em Marx será relida à luz não apenas da temática da espoliação econômica da mais-valia, mas também da espoliação psíquica das relações de estranhamento (unheimlichkeit) entre sujeito e objeto; segundo, as modificações recentes no mundo do trabalho e as modalidades de sofrimento psíquico a elas associadas serão interpretadas a partir do impacto social de tal forma de espoliação.
Apresentação
Authors: De Oliveira Nythamar , Zapata Maximiliano
Published: July 2015

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Editorial
Authors: González Argüello Ronald
Published: July 2015

Nos llena de orgullo presentar ya la sexta edición de la Revista Médica de la Universidad de Costa Rica, con la cual cumplimos tres años de estar semestralmente publicando artículos en el ámbito de las ciencias médicas. 
A konzervativizmus kutatásának hat évtizede: Adornótól a biopolitikáig – Kritikai tanulmány
Authors: Szokolszky Ágnes
Published: July 2015

A három részből álló tanulmány kritikai áttekintést nyújt a konzervativizmus kutatásának hat évtizedéről, Adorno és munkatársai klasszikus munkájától eljutva a politikai orientációk genetikai és neurobiológiai hátterére irányuló mai vizsgálatokig. A kutatások mélyreható pszichológiai és biológiai különbségeket rajzolnak fel a konzervatív és a liberális politikai orientációt valló személyek között. A tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy mennyire megalapozottak és hogyan értelmezhetőek ezek a különbségek. A kritikai áttekintés arra mutat rá, hogy problémás előfeltevések, elfogultságok és leegyszerűsítő magyarázatok kísérik végig az egymást követő kutatási paradigmákat. A tartalmi és módszertani szempontok felvetése mellett a témakör tágabb összefüggésrendszerbe is helyeződik olyan tényezők szerepének elemzésével, mint az amerikai politika utóbbi évtizedben felerősödött polarizáltsága, a kutatók ideológiai beállítódása, valamint a média szerepe a tudományos eredmények közvetítésében. Az első rész az „autoriter személyiség” konstruktumának kialakulását és klasszikus kutatási paradigmáját állítja középpontba, és kíséri annak fejlődését az 1990-es évekig. A második rész egy újabb befolyásos paradigmájával: a konzervativizmus motivált kognícióként való megközelítésével foglalkozik. Ez az elmélet „megszüntetve — megőrizve” fogalmazta át a témát, és széles körű inspirációt adott az empirikus kutatások újabb hullámának — mindeközben tovább vitt számos kritizálható előfeltevést, értelmezést és módszertani problémát. A harmadik rész a genetika és az agykutatás hozzájárulásait vizsgálja meg. Miközben előremutató és ígéretes a biológia integrációja, az idevágó kutatásokban túlzó és indokolatlan értelmezések merültek fel, amelyek inkább hátráltatják, mintsem segítik a célt.
Liszt at the Piano: Two American Pianos and Two American Artists
Authors: Keeling Geraldine
Published: July 2015

The image of Liszt at the piano has been a favorite with artists. This article examines two paintings: an 1868 painting of Liszt at a Chickering piano by G. P. A. Healy and a 1919 painting of Liszt at a Steinway piano by John C. Johansen. Due to recent publications, the Chickering painting and its story are fairly well-known. In contrast, the Steinway painting is almost unknown. Healy’s portrait (1868) was done in his studio in Rome as Liszt sat playing for him. While Healy had seen Liszt’s Chickering piano, the instrument in his studio was not that piano and, despite the name “Chickering” on the fallboard, the painting does not faithfully convey the details of Liszt’s Chickering. Johansen’s portrait (1919) was done by an artist who had never met Liszt and almost certainly had never seen his Steinway piano. Because of the Chicago connection, this article proposes that Johansen took his inspiration from Healy.
“Christ’s mighty shrine above His martyr’s tomb”: Byron and Liszt’s Journey to Rome
Authors: Merrick Paul W.
Published: July 2015

The influence of Byron on Liszt was enormous, as is generally acknowledged. In particular the First Book of the Années de pèlerinage shows the poet’s influence in its choice of Byron epigraphs in English for four of the set of nine pieces. In his years of travel as a virtuoso pianist Liszt often referred to “mon byronisme.” The work by Byron that most affected Liszt is the long narrative poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage which was translated into many languages, including French. The word “pèlerinage” that replaced “voyageur” is a Byronic identity in Liszt’s thinking. The Byronic hero as Liszt saw him and imitated him in for example Mazeppa and Tasso is a figure who represented a positive force, suffering and perhaps a revolutionary, but definitely not a public enemy. Liszt’s life, viewed as a musical pilgrimage, led of course to Rome. Is it possible that Byron even influenced him in this direction? In this paper I try to give a portrait of the real Byron that hides behind the poseur of his literary works, and suggest that what drew Liszt to the English poet was precisely the man whom he sensed behind the artistic mask. Byron was not musical, but he was religious — as emerges from his life and his letters, a life which caused scandal to his English contemporaries. But today we can see that part of the youthful genius of the rebel Byron was his boldness in the face of hypocrisy and compromise — his heroism was simply to be true. In this we can see a parallel with the Liszt who left the piano and composed Christus. What look like incompatibilities are simply the connection between action and contemplation — between the journey and the goal. Byron, in fact, can help us follow the ligne intérieure which Liszt talked about in the 1830s.
Liszt, lecteur antimoderne de Faust
Authors: Moysan Bruno
Published: July 2015

The article offers a definition of the concept of anti-modernity, based at first on Antoine Compagnon’s 2005-volume Les antimodernes, de Joseph de Maistre à Roland Barthes. The role of the mundane sociability of the aristocracy, returned from emigration, and of the aesthetic culture of political legitimism is examined in the acclimatization process of German Romanticism in France during the Empire, the Restoration, and the first years of the July Monarchy. A hypothesis is proposed about the connections between Liszt’s interpretation of the Faust myth as it is exposed in the poems of Goethe and Lenau, on the one hand, and the political, aesthetical, and ideological resistance of French artists from the first half of the 19th century, directed against modernity, liberal individualism, the upheavals of the 1789 Revolution, and the rationalist constructivism of the Enlightenment, on the other. A survey of the aesthetics of negativity and its musical implications in Liszt’s compositions inspired by Faust reveals that the composer distanced himself from the “naive modernism” (Compagnon) of many of his contemporaries and came close to the flamboyant aesthetic of Chateaubriand’s Christian Vanity as well as to the scepticism, related in our post-modernist era with the idea of progress and of the completed work. Thus, Liszt’s relationship to the myth and the character of Faust becomes much more complex and ambiguous than it usually appears in the French literature, where Liszt’s view on the Faustian freedom is associated systematically and rather simplistically with the modern and liberal process of the individual’s emancipation.
Liszt at the Piano: The Impact of Iconography on mid-Nineteenth Century Musicology
Authors: Francis Suzanne Marie
Published: July 2015

By the time of his death in 1827, the image of Beethoven as we recognise him today was firmly fixed in the minds of his contemporaries, and the career of Liszt was beginning to flower into that of the virtuosic performer he would be recognised as by the end of the 1830s. By analysing the seminal artwork Liszt at the Piano of 1840 by Josef Danhauser, we can see how a seemingly unremarkable head-and-shoulders bust of Beethoven in fact holds the key to unlocking the layers of commentary on both Liszt and Beethoven beneath the surface of the image. Taking the analysis by Alessandra Comini as a starting point, this paper will look deeper into the subtle connections discernible between the protagonists of the picture. These reveal how the collective identities of the artist and his painted assembly contribute directly to Beethoven’s already iconic status within music history around 1840 and reflect the reception of Liszt at this time. Set against the background of Romanticism predominant in the social and cultural contexts of the mid 1800s, it becomes apparent that it is no longer enough to look at a picture of a composer or performer in isolation to understand its impact on the construction of an overall identity. Each image must be viewed in relation to those that preceded and came after it to gain the maximum benefit from what it can tell us.