bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Bi2Al4O9 Powders
Authors: Zhang Xiao Yan , Hu Wen Shu , Qi Xi Wei , Sun Gui Fang , Qi Jian Quan , Chen Huan Huan , Zhong Rui Xia
Published: December 2012

Bi2Al4O9 powders were prepared by sol-gel process. The precursors were heated at 500-800°C for 2h to obtain Bi2Al4O9 powder and X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques were used to characterize precursor and derived oxide powders. XRD analysis show that the powder is still amorphous after calcined at 500°C. The peaks of Bi2Al4O9 become sharp after calcined at 575°C though still existing some amorphous phase. After calcining at 675-800°C, the powder has fully turned into pure Bi2Al4O9 phase. The crystallization process can also be confirmed by DTA-TG and IR. Calcining the precursor at 575°C, the absorption bands at 527 cm-1, 738 cm-1, 777 cm-1, and 919 cm-1are observed, which are assigned to Bi2Al4O9 and becoming stronger and sharper with the increase of temperature.
Laser Stealth Properties for SiO2 Hollow Spheres with a Layer of Copper
Authors: Sui Xue Ye , Xu Jie , Wei Mei Ling , Wang Chong Hai , Zhou Chang Ling , Liu Rui Xiang
Published: December 2012

A kind of SiO2 hollow spheres with a layer of copper cladding have been prepared using the electroless copper plating metal processing technology on the surface of core material. We Study the effects of the process parameters on the properties of materials, and measure spectral reflectance for the SiO2 hollow spheres with the surface modification. The results show that the reflectance is about 4% for the wavelength of 1.06μm and is about 0.44% for 10.6μm wavelength. This compound hollow sphere structures can be act as laser camouflage materials.
Preparation and Properties of Eu3+-Doped TiO2 Nanowires
Authors: Zhao Si Qin , Wan Hong Liang , Asuha S.
Published: December 2012

Nanowires of sodium titanate, TiO2 and Eu3+/TiO2 were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and their microstructure, optical properties and valence states of exterior elements were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. At the same time, the photocatalytic activities of the materials for degradation of methyl orange under visible-light irradiation were also investigated. The results showed the formation of nanowires of sodium titanate with average crystallite sizes of 50-200 nm and in lengths from several microns to several dozens microns, and its chemical formula was determined to be Na2Ti3O7. TiO2 and Eu3+ /TiO2nanowires were prepared from the Na2Ti3O7 nanowires via ion exchange (i.e., with H+ and Eu3+ ions) and high temperature sintering processes. These three kinds of nanowires showed different photocatalytic activities for degradation of methyl orange. Na2Ti3O7 nanowire did not show any photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation, while TiO2 nanowire was superior to Na2Ti3O7 nanowire; and, Eu3+/ TiO2 nanowire possessed the highest photocatalytic activity.
Preparation and Characterization of Functionalized CNTs Using Plasma Combined with Maleic Anhydride Induced-Graft Polymerization
Authors: Jia Run Ping , Xu Chun Hua , Zhang Cheng , Wang Lin Hao , Tian Kai , Huang Mao Song
Published: December 2012

In this work, plasma combined with maleic anhydride induced-graft polymerization method was employed to fabricate highly-functionalized carbon nanotubes, whose surface was coated by uniform polymaleic anhydride thin film. Their compositions and structures were characterized by FTIR, SEM and XPS techniques. In order to evaluate the modification effect, they were further used as modifier to improve the tensile and surface properties of fluorinated polyurethane elastomers.
Preparation of Nanostructured Ag/CeO2 by Microwave Synthesis and its Photocatalysis Activity
Authors: Qi En Lei , Niu Ben , Zhang Shi Lei , Wang Jie Qiang
Published: December 2012

CeO2 nanobundles were obtained by the microwave homogeneous precipitation method using cerium nitrate and urea as raw materials. Ag nanoparticles were obtained by the microwave solvolthermal method using silver nitrate, PVP and ethanol as raw materials. Nanostructured Ag/CeO2 was prepared by the impregnation method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM, UV-vis spectrum, BET. The photocatalytic properties of CeO2 and Ag/CeO2 nanomaterials were evaluated by degradation of methyl orange. The results show that the photocatalytic degradation of modified cerium oxide modified by nano silver on methyl orange is significantly improved. For the Ag (0.1 wt%)/CeO2 material, the degradation rate on methyl orange is up to 83.2% under visible light irradiation for 1h. The catalytic activity of nanostructured Ag (0.1 wt%)/CeO2 in dye decolorization is substantially higher than the standard reference TiO2 P25.
The Effect of Different Preparation Methods on the Microstructure of Zirconium Diboride Ceramic Powder
Authors: Wang Yan Yan , Zhou Chang Ling , Wang Chong Hai , Liu Rui Xiang , Lin Xi Zhu , Xu Hong Zhao
Published: December 2012

The melting point of zirconium diboride is up to 3245 ° C. It is concerned widespread as a high-temperature structural materials because of high melting point, high hardness, excellent electrical conductivity and good thermal conductivity. In this paper zirconium diboride powder was prepared by the carbothermic reduction and precursor pyrolysis. XRD, SEM and DTA were used to characterize the performance of the two powders. Results show that the median diameter of zirconium diboride powder prepared by solid phase is about 6μm, round in shape, is not conducive to the sintering. Zirconium diboride powder prepared by precursor pyrolysis is massive, which is deposited by the layers of zirconium diboride crystals.
The Effect of Varying Ferrule Modes on Fracture Resistance of Canines Restored with One-Piece Milled Zirconia Post and Core
Authors: Zhang Yao Kun , Shao Long Quan , Liu Ruo Yu , Wang Lin Lin , Ai Jun , Wen Ning , Deng Bin
Published: December 2012

The aim of this invitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated canines restored with one-piece milled zirconia post and core in the varying ferrule modes. Fifty recently extracted human maxillary canines were endodontically treated and randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 specimens each. According to the defect degree of ferrule, intact ferrule was classified as group A and served as control, 2 mm ferrule height without buccal ferrule was classified as group B, 2 mm ferrule height without mesial and buccal ferrule was classified as group C, 2 mm ferrule height without mesial, buccal and lingual ferrule was classified as group D, no ferrule preparation was classified as group E. All of the teeth were restored with one-piece milled zirconia post and core, and zirconia crowns. The teeth were prepared to standardized specifications. The restored teeth were loaded to fracture at a 135° angle to their long axis, at a cross-head speed 0.5 mm/min, and the load (N) at failure was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by SNK pairwise multiple comparisons (α=0.05). The mean fracture resistance of five groups as follows: 1019.30±139.01N for group A, 861.20±105.67N for group B, 833.70±100.56N for group C, 733.20±96.91N for group D, 698.00±99.90N for group E. The fracture resistance of restored teeth between group B and group C, group D and group E had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). The fracture resistance of the rest pairwise group comparisons had statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Increasing the absence degree of ferrule, it was found that the fracture resistance decrease. The buccal and lingual ferrule were more important than mesial ferrule for enhanced fracture resistance. This in vitro study supports evidence that reserving the buccal and lingual ferrule is a key point to increase the fracture resistance of canines restored with one-piece milled zirconia post and core.
Trajectory Planning and Prediction Guidance Based on the Moon-Earth Return Reentry Dynamics
Authors: Zhao Biao , Cui Nai Gang , Guo Ji Feng , Wang Ping
Published: December 2012

For the lunar return mission, a concern of the entry guidance requirement is the full flight envelope applicability and landing accuracy control. A concise numeric predictor-corrector (NPC) entry guidance (NPCEG) algorithm is developed for this requirement. It plans a real-time trajectory on-line by modulating the linear parameterized bank profile. To meet the path constraint, we propose an integrated guidance strategy which combines NPC method with an analytical constant drag acceleration method. Monte Carlo analysis shows that the algorithm is sufficiently robust to allow precision landing with a delivery error of less than 2.0 km for the entire between 2,500 km and 10,000 km range.
Numerical Simulation of Sphere Impacting Water by SPH with Hydrodynamics
Authors: Qu Qiu Lin , Wu Jia Li , Guo Bao Dong , Qin Yun Peng
Published: December 2012

The impact on water of aeronautical structures is likely to turn into a tragic event. In view of this, it is essential to develop new solutions to design worthy structure that can assure best behavior. The Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a mesh-free interpolation method which is a recent numerical analysis technique. One example of water impact based on SPH is presented here, which aims at an accurate numerical simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI) in free surface flow context. The example describes a rigid sphere impacting onto water, presenting the global impact behavior as well as comparing the impact coefficient with analytical and experimental results. The SPH method is proved to be a reliable and efficient numerical tool.
Hydrocyclone Velocity Flow Simulation and Experimental Study Based on Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Xu Hui , Chen Xiao Hong , Yao Yao
Published: December 2012

The strong swirl turbulent flow in hydrocyclone causes major difficulties in modeling their internal solid-liquid flows. In this thesis, the strongly swirling turbulent flow in solid-liquid hydrocyclone separators is simulated by using Reynolds stress equation models (RSM) of FLUENT applications to use the body-fitted and partition meshes. The results give some new understanding on 3D velocity distribution. According to the numerical simulation results, the lab experiment is implemented in this thesis.the lab simulation system and real-time data process system are set up to gather the parameters in the simulation system. the relation curve of production capacity-inlet pressure and separation property-inlet pressure are analyzed. Comparing with the numerical simulation ,the result is reasonable.
Study on the Basic Problems of Dynamics by Induction and Generalization
Authors: Xu Zhi Qiang , Qian Kai Guo
Published: December 2012

The relationship between the kineticsof the movement and the role of an object on the object,the force,the kinetics of the basic of the theoretical basis of the whole dynamis is established on the basis of the movement of a large amount of observations and experiments. Dynamic problem is extensive, only common collision vibration in our lives--has the gap or motion constraints between mechanical components of a kinetic phenomenon that repeated exposure. It is widely present in the machinery, aviation, aerospace, military, traffic, and energy systems ,typical examples : gear Vice heat exchange pipes its support , stretch and docking components of the spatial structure, the movement of the robot joints mechanical tools, contain gap mechanical systems, print machinery, mechanical shock , impact shock absorber and cutting machinery utilization cycle force loaded collision Rub between static and dynamic components of the rotor system. Guns , railway wheel and rail with rear seat features motion constraints between mechanical systems , and so on . To help the readers grasp the basic concepts of good dynamics , the basic law , improve readers analyze prolems and problem-solving abilities , on the basis of summing up the experiece of many years practice . Kinetics basic proble summarizd summary . Take advantage of the esperience and understanding of the issure in the practical resaerch.
Vibration Reduction by Optimal Design of Powertrain Mounting System of Heavy Truck Based on SQP Method
Authors: Jing Hui , Li Cong , Liu Fu Yun , Kuang Bing
Published: December 2012

Heavy truck needs to use the vibration reduction technology to improve its quality. Nowadays, it is a useful and effective way for vibration reduction that by employing the proper Powertrain Mounting Systems (PMS) to reduce the vibration. One useful method to develop more effective mounting systems is through optimization techniques. Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) is an effective optimization technique. In this paper, design optimization of powertrain mounting system based on SQP method for vibration control is presented. The optimization objective is to find the highest decoupling ratio of the each mount while selecting the stiffness and orientations of individual mount. The constraints are imposed to keep the desired decoupled ratio in each orientation and the frequency corresponding to the decoupled ratio. A case study is given to validate the proposed method. The result shows that the value of optimized system, such as decoupling ratio, is improved significantly. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper is effective for the optimization of powertrain mounting system.
Roller Element Bearing of Mine Ventilating Fan with Fault Diagnosis Based on Mechanics Properties and RBF Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Ying Hong , Li Cong , Jing Hui , Gao Bing Bing
Published: December 2012

Roller element bearing is an important part of mine ventilating fan. The management and maintenance of the equipment is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to employ fault diagnosis process to the roller element bearing. In this paper, mechanics properties of roller element bearing are analyzed. Then, Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is used for the fault diagnosis of the roller element bearing. The structure and inference of RBF network are discussed in detail. The roller element bearing fault diagnosis model is established based on RBF network. A case study is given. The proposed method is applied to the fault diagnosis of roller element bearing. The result shows that the proposed method can improve efficiency of the fault diagnosis.
Launching Dynamics Simulation of Ship-Board Rocket Gun
Authors: Zeng Wei , Jiang Yi
Published: December 2012

As for the issue of ship-board rocket gun launch, the research on the influence of sea condition on initial disturbances of rockets was conducted. The launch system was simplified and the dynamics model was established. The energy spectral density of motion of ship in irregular waves was calculated based on ocean wave energy spectrum and the dynamic response of launch system was studied under three kinds of sea conditions. The result indicates that amplitudes of pitch and yaw increase, however, the rolling decreases when the sea condition level rises.
Kinematic Analysis and Simulation of an A/C Axes Bi-Rotary Milling Head with Zero Transmission
Authors: Chen Yong , Huang Mei Fa , Shi Bo , Xiao Meng Meng , Hu Ru Kai , Tang Jiang Sheng
Published: December 2012

Because of the flexible kinematic characteristic of five-axis-linkage machining center it is widely used to process complex parts. The milling head is the key functional component of the five-axis machining center, therefore study of the milling head is of vital importance. The A/C axes bi-rotary milling head is the most common used structures. The current mechanical A/C axes bi-rotary milling head is mostly with large volume and small rotation range. This paper presents an A/C axes bi-rotary milling head with zero transmission in small volume. To understand the kinetic characteristics of the A/C axes bi-rotary milling head with zero transmission, we apply D-H parameter method to establish displacement equations, speed equations, and acceleration equations. SolidWorks is then utilized to build the virtual prototyping model of the designed mechanism. Motion module of SolidWorks is also used to carry out the kinematics simulation. The experimental results show that the mechanism could achieve the rotation of A/C axes and smooth motion trajectory. The rotation range of A-axis could reach ±120°.
The Motion Simulation and Analysis of Reinforced Flip Device Based on UG NX7.5
Authors: Sun Jun , Zhu Wei , Tang Hai Lun , Tian Long , Liu Wei
Published: December 2012

In this article, we research on the flip device of steel cutting machine, doing kinematics analysis to the discharging mechanism, calculating the operating parameters of the mechanism and optimizing the operating parameters of the flip device. With the using of three-dimensional modeling software UG NX7.5, reinforced flip device is precisely modeled, and all parts it concluded are assembled together, then whole mechanism kinematical simulation is carried out. The optimum flip angle of the unloading mechanism is obtained through the study of the Simulation results. By analyzing the displacements, velocity, acceleration and other data of unloading rack at any moment in the working process, the optimized design of discharging mechanism is given. Finally, the stability of discharging mechanism is analyzed.
The Finite Element Thermal Analysis for Lubricating Oil Transfer Pump in Different Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient with Special Material Properties
Authors: Xu Jian Ning , Lv Wei , Lv Wen Jie , Zhu Duan Yin
Published: December 2012

Lubricating oil transfer pump is important functional subsystem in two-screw pump system, and all moving parts works very fast, it is easy to generate heat, that not only affect the lubricating oil transfer pump’s temperature field, but also make transmission failure by the thermal deformation which caused by high temperature of parts in contact. This paper established a finite element thermal analysis model and boundary conditions of lubricating oil transfer pump, and calculated the temperature field and thermal deformation for it during the process of oil extraction in different coefficient of convective heat transfer, analysis the change rule of the steady state temperature field and thermal deformation, proved that lubricating oil transfer pump can normal work in certain conditions.
Preparation of Silver Doped PMN-PZT Ceramics and Their Energy and Materials Engineering Applications
Authors: Kang J.C. , Zheng G.P.
Published: December 2012

Silver doped 0.61PbMg0.28Nb0.67Zr0.52O3-0.39PbTiO3relaxor ferroelectrics are prepared by solid state reaction and their electrocaloric behaviors at room temperature are characterized. When the content of silver is around 0.2 wt%, the electro-caloric effect and adiabatic temperature changes are the highest. The results show that heat exchanges related to electro-caloric energy conversion and adiabatic temperature changes increase with increasing polarization of these ferroelectric ceramics. The ceramics are found to be very promising in energy conversion and materials engineering applications.
 A Study on Preparation Methods of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Cathode Materials
Authors: Lang Feng Rao
Published: December 2012

This paper selects the LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 with layer structure as the research object, and does the future research about preparation methods and synthesis conditions. LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material was successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method. In order to explore the optimal path of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 material synthesized by co-precipitation method optimal path, pretreatment, calcining heat, calcining time, cooling way on the material structure. Finally find the better synthesis conditions and improve synthesis technology.
The Status and Analysis of the Equipment for Fine Mineral Particle Classification in Coal Wash Plants
Authors: Ma Jiao , Zou Shan Hong , Wang Xiang Zhen , Hui Bin , Liu Xu Dong , Chen Song Jiang , Li Ya Nan , Chen Hai Feng
Published: December 2012

This article is about the methods and equipment being used in the first step of slime water system, which is called fine particle classification. With the development of automation in coal mining and preparation, fine particles in the raw coal increases substantially. The fine coal preparation is mainly completed in water, which makes the slime water system face to a heavier load. Accurate classification is necessary to large-grained gravity separation and small-grained flotation.
Mechanical Properties, Morphology and IR Analysis of the Proban CC-Treated Celluloses
Authors: Li Shu Feng , Liu Jian Yong , Cheng Bo Wen
Published: December 2012

In this paper Proban CC-treated high-wet-modulus (HWM), viscose and Lyocell celluloses were prepared and their properties, such as IR analysis, flammability and mechanical properties were studied. IR showed that in three Proban CC-treated celluloses the new absorption peak around 1560 cm-1 appeared. After combustion, Proban CC-treated HWM celluloses almost completely remained the fiber profile, then the Proban CC-treated Lyocell celluloses, finally the Proban CC-treated viscose celluloses. Though three Proban CC-treated celluloses showed the good thermal stability, their mechanical properties were declined. The strength of the Proban CC-treated HWM celluloses declined most, then the Proban CC-treated Lyocell celluloses, finally the Proban CC-treated viscose celluloses. These indicated that Proban CC treatment influenced the mechanical properties of the celluloses badly.
Numerical Simulation of Transient Response of Inlet Relative Humidity for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells with Material Properties
Authors: Chen Xing Long , Jia Bin , Yin Yan , Du Qing
Published: December 2012

High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) have been drawing much attention due to their easy water management and other advantages. A three-dimensional non-isothermal transient model of HT-PEMFCs with phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane is developed in this study. The inlet relative humidity (RH) is considered for the membrane conductivity in the model. The effect of inlet RH on the transient response of the cell is discussed and the results show that the increase of inlet RH had positive effect on cell performance but negative effect on transient response.
The Carbon Deposition during Iron Ore Reduction in Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Geng Shu Hua , Ding Wei Zhong , Guo Shu Qiang , Lu Xiong Gang
Published: December 2012

Iron ore reduction and carbon deposition in pure CO was investigated by using thermogravimetric (TG) method over the temperature range of 0-1200°C. The results of the work may be summarized as follows: in CO stream, carbon deposition occurred below 900°C, no carbon deposition was found above 1000°C. X-Ray analysis of the reacted sample indicated that the carbon deposition occurred with the iron was reduced. The iron reduction process and carbon deposition occurred simultaneously. The rate of carbon deposition changed with the transformation of iron oxides. The specific surface area and pore structure of reduced samples were analyzed. The specific surface area changed with the amount of carbon deposition.
Comprehensive Utilization of Oil Shale with Analysis of Material Properties
Authors: Yuan Zhi Yang
Published: December 2012

Comprehensive utilization of oil shale with analysis of material properties is introduced in this paper, including power generation and waste rock production of oil shale, cement raw materials production of oil shale and burned rock, and road repairing. Dry distillation oil refining technology of fluid oil shale, which has reached the international advanced level, is mainly described in this paper. With this technology, a project of fluid distillation oil refining with 600000 tons of oil shale per year is going to be started in Harbin Coal Chemical Limited Company, as well as an energy saving project of producing light shale oil.
Experimental and Finite Element Study on Mechanical Behavior of Bolted Joint with Bolt Clearance in Transmission Tower
Authors: Zhu Bin Rong , Xing Hai Jun , Yang Jing Bo
Published: December 2012

To accurately analyze the force and deformation of the transmission tower, it is necessary to study performance of bolted joint in the tower. In the paper single shear and double shear bolted joint with number of bolts changed is tested. Based on the actual data in test, nonlinear finite element model of bolted joint is established with ABAQUS, considering the bolt clearance and preload, and shows good agreement with test results, which is proved correct and applicable. Eventually, through a comparison of FEM and test results, the factors that affect bolt slip and the changing relationship of axial force of bolt and friction force is described.
Sn-Ni Nano Particle Prepared by a Chemical Reduction Method
Authors: Liu Gui Yang , Huang Zhao Long , Yi Zhong Zhou , Sun Li Da , Sun Hong Yan
Published: December 2012

Sn-Ni intermetallic compounds have been prepared by a chemical reduction method. With different molar ratios of Sn/Ni, the products are different. XRD determination results indicate that the main phases of the products with Sn/Ni=1:0.5 and 1:1.0 are Sn6O4(OH)4 and metal Sn, and the main phases of the products with Sn/Ni=1:1.5 and 1:2.0 are SnNi, Ni3Sn and metal Sn. SEM investigation finds that the particle size of the products with Sn/Ni=1:1.5 and 1:2.0 are nano size, and the particle size increases with increasing Ni content. The particles of the product with Sn/Ni=1:1.5 are in the range of 50-100nm, and well dispersed.
Optical Energy Gap and Microhardness of Cu3N Thin Films
Authors: Yuan Xiao Mei , Liu Tao , Zhang Xin Hui , Yan Peng Xun
Published: December 2012

The paper mainly reviewed the optical energy gap and microhardness of Cu3N thin films. The optical energy gap increases from 0.23 eV to 1.9 eV. The microhardness of Cu3N thin films was determined to be about 3.7-8.8 GPa.
Thermal Design, Analysis and Verification of Chip-Level MCM with Properties of Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Wu Jun Hui , Zhou Quan , Zhou Qiang , Chen Jie , Si Hui Ping , Lin Kai Yan , Zhang Chi Bin
Published: December 2012

A lot of practice had proved that the failure rate can be used as the reliability indicators of MCM (Multi-Chip Module). The lower the junction temperature of the semiconductor integrated circuit device in MCM, the lower the failure rate of components was, thus the higher the reliability of MCM. Therefore, in order to measure the junction temperature of the semiconductor components of MCM, computer simulation is needed in the stage of design，which was essential for improving the reliability of MCM’s encapsulation and even the whole electronic machine system. In this paper, we tried to thermal design the high-power heating devices-MCM of the multi-functional electronic devices. First, the cooling principles of MCM encapsulation were introduced. And then based on the design principles and precautions of MCM, we designed an MCM encapsulation for cooling analyses of ANSYS. The results of finite element analyses showed the reasonableness of the design of MCM, and combined with the different substrate materials and circuit board materials, further discusses about improved cooling capability of MCM were expressed in this paper. At last, we got the desired effect.
Fabrication of High-Quality CuInSe2 Films by Coating, Compaction and Selenization
Authors: Xu Jin Gang , Wang Yan Lai , Nie Hong Bo
Published: December 2012

CuInSe2 thin films were successfully prepared by selenization of precursor films coated on the Mo foils. The precursor films were compacted to improve surface morphology and density of CuInSe2 thin films. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicate that the single-phase CuInSe2 is formed at 210 °C in selenization process and it exhibits preferred orientation along the (112) plane. The selenization temperature is above 210 °C, the selenization temperature rises to promote the crystallinity of selenized films, not to induce the occurrence of a new phase. The compact CuInSe2 film with smooth surface can be obtained by selenization of precursor films pressed with the pressure of 300 MPa.
Dynamic Simulation of the Movement of the Rocket Launch Tower on ADAMS Based on the Material of the Tower
Authors: Zhou Jie , Ma Ji Sheng , Sun Zhong Xing , Wu Cai Gang
Published: December 2012

The rocket launch tower’s movement involve opening and closing.During these two process,the tower shakes severely. This study using ADAMS to simulate the movement of the tower and finding that the material of the tower’s components showing a characteristic of flexibility, the material’s characteristic of flexibility of the tower is a main reason of the vibration. In oreder to establish the rocket launch tower’s model,using Pro/E and Mech/pro to create the model.Then ,with the use of mechanical system simulation software ADAMS and finite element analysis software, Patran / Nastran to simulate the rocket launch tower’s movement. The results showed that although the rocket launch tower’s material is steel,it’s main components still showing the flexible feature. And its various components’ influence of flexibility for the tower’s vibration are quite different from each other.
Characterization and Properties of CrTiN Films
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhang Xin Hui , Yuan Xiao Mei , Zheng Xiao Hui , Zhang Guang An
Published: December 2012

A series of CrTiN films were successfully deposited by medium frequency magnetron sputtering in a mixture gas of nitrogen and argon. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the CrTiN have preferential orientation of (200). The films show low friction and low wear rate at a certain percentage of the Ti content.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mo2FeB2 Based Cermets Containing SiC Whisker
Authors: Yu Hai Zhou , Liu Wen Jun , Ying Lian , You Min
Published: December 2012

Four series of cermets with the SiC whisker content between 0 and 1.0 wt.% were prepared by vacuum sintering. The transverse rupture strength (TRS), hardness (HRA) and fracture toughness (KIC) were also measured. The SiC whiskeraddition was located at the grain boundaries, which prevented grain boundary migration and restrained the grain growth. However, an increasing SiC whisker content decreased the wettability of the binder on the Mo2FeB2 hard phase. The highest TRS and fracture toughness was found for the cermets with 0.5 wt.% SiC whisker addition, whereas the cermets without SiC whisker addition exhibited the maximum hardness.
Thermal Performance Analyses of Heat Pipe of All-Glass Evacuated Tubular Solar Collectors with Properties of Pipe Materials
Authors: Chen Wen Bin , Zhang Li Xi
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the abio-superconductor heat pipe is used as heat transfer tube of all-glass of evacuated tubular solar collectors. Based on thermal analysis, the overall heat loss coefficient , the efficiency factor and the heat removal factor of superconductor heat pipe evacuated tubular collector are presented. They were compared with instantaneous efficiency between theory value of example and measure value of experiment. As a result, their opposite error less than 5.3%, it explained related calculation expression that it reflected preferably transmit heat function and characteristics of vacuum tube solar collector .It discussed how to prove collector performance and used for that type of vacuum tube of the design and the performance forecast. The heat pipe catheter contains a small amount of powder of the working medium, these media consists of a variety of inorganic elements. The properties of pipe materials can be in a very short time to achieve isothermal heat transfer, as its radial heat transfer capacity of 44 kW/m2, axial heat transfer capacity is 8600 kW/m2,heat pipe can transfer more compared with the normal.
Mechanical Performance of Ti/Cu-8Ag/S20C Clad Composite Processed by High Pressure Torsioning (HPT)
Authors: Song Jun Young , Ha Jong Su , Kim In Kyu , Hong Sun Ig
Published: December 2012

Ti/Cu-8Ag/S20C composite were processed by High Press Torsioning(HPT) and the effect of post-HPT heat treatment on the interfacial reaction products and the mechanical performance were studied. Intremetallic compound layer with the thickness of 11 μm was observed at the interface between Ti and Cu-8Ag for the clad heat-treated at 600°Cfor 24hrs. On the other hand, no intermetallic compounds were observed at the Cu-8Ag/S20C interface. No cracks were observed to be emanated from the corner of the indentation mark on the intremetallic compound layer at the Ti/Cu-8Ag interface, suggesting those intermetallic compounds is not so brittle. The stress-strain curves exhibited two steps in as-HPTed clad samples and those heat-treated at 600°C for 24hrs. The careful examination of the fractured plates revealed that S20C plate fractured first and then Ti and Cu-8Ag layers fractured together, suggesting the bonding strength between two layers is fairly high in the presence of intermetallic layer between Ti and Cu-8Ag layers
Dynamic System of a Mechanical Press Driven by SRM for Flexible Process
Authors: Shang Wan Feng
Published: December 2012

The paper presents a mechanical press driven by Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) and researches on its tracking performance and operating noise. A position servo control system is proposed with a hybrid closed-loop structure to achieve flexible process of servo press. Based on the working bench, experiments are made to measure the tracking performance and operating noise of the press. Experimental results indicate the press driven by SRM has better tracking performance and lower working noise.
Study on Optimization of Dynamic Characteristics of Turbo Generator Foundation
Authors: Sun Yu Han , Zhang Qian
Published: December 2012

The dynamic characteristics of turbo generator foundation have an important impact on safe operation of power plant. The study first used the vibration mode superposition method to solve the structural vibration response and sensitivity through establishing the dynamic equations and optimization model of the foundation, and then determined the optimization variables, constraints and objectives according to the process conditions, and at last undertook multivariate optimization research on a 1000MW turbo-generator foundation. Finally, an optimization scheme which reduces both the linear displacement of foundation vibration and the amount of concrete used was obtained. The analysis results showed that the optimization method adopted in this study had higher efficiency and could achieve better technical and economic benefits.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Water Droplet Movement in PEM Fuel Cell Flow Channels with Fluid-Mechanics Properties and Different Deformations of GDL
Authors: Bao Ning , Du Qing , Yin Yan
Published: December 2012

Water management plays a significant role in enhancing performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Successful water management requires effective removal of liquid water produced by electrochemical reactions. Therefore, it is a critical challenge to understand liquid water movements in flow channels. In the present study, a three-dimensional unsteady two-phase model for the cathode side of PEMFC consisting of gas channel (GC), gas diffusion layer (GDL) and catalyst layer (CL) is developed using FLUENT software with a volume-of-fluid (VOF) method and user-defined-function (UDF). When fuel cells are assembled, the cross sections of gas channel change, resulting in different water droplet movements. The effects of GDL deformations on water droplet movements are discussed.
Analysis of Dynamic Behavior of Ultra-High Voltage Porcelain Arresters with New Type Lead Dampers
Authors: Zhang Xue Song , Dai Ze Bing , Lu Zhi Cheng , Cui Cheng Chen
Published: December 2012

Dynamic behavior of the 1100kV porcelain arresters with and without the new type lead dampers and are investigated，based on theoretical analysis and finite element analysis. The results of theoretical analysis show that the dynamic response of 1100kv porcelain arrester can be decreased by damping measures, which can change the dynamic behavior of equipment. The results of finite element analysis show that the primary frequencies of these two structures are between 1Hz and 10Hz and the differences between them is not obvious, which indicated that the overall stiffness of the two structures is low and the frequency and vibration mode of these two structures have hardly been changed by the lead dampers. The level modes dominated the equipment, while vertical modes and torsional modes are not obvious. Owning to an effect of increment of damping device with the new type lead dampers, there is a reduction by 40% above in the maximum root stress of porcelain bushing. In the meantime, the new type lead dampers can also decrease the relative displacement at the top of equipment.
A Simple Method for Calculating the Bending Modal Frequencies of an Underwater Simply Supported Beam with Hydrodynamic Study
Authors: Tang Rui , Shang De Jiang , Li Qi
Published: December 2012

A theoretical model of an added water mass representation for calculating the bending modal frequency of a simply supported beam in water medium is presented. To accomplish this, the explicit expressions for computing the hydrodynamic interaction pressure and forced transversal displacements are first derived, and the bending modal frequencies can be accurately obtained by searching the corresponding resonance frequencies. The validity of the analytical process is checked by the finite element method. As the complicated interaction between the structures and water can be approximated to added mass, if the beam is sufficiently slender. Using the added mass curves, a simple method for evaluating the bending modal frequency of an underwater simply supported beam is proposed, and an approximate formula is found subsequently. The comparisons between the analytical solution and the simple method show that the simple method is adequately accurate, with errors less than 1%, and both of the added mass curves and the approximate formula have nothing to do with different material attributes.
Synthesis of TiO2-B2O3-Al Based Porous Composites
Authors: Niyomwas Sutham
Published: December 2012

The TiB2-Al2O3 porous composites were obtained in situ by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) of TiO2-B2O3-Al System. The reaction was carried out in a SHS reactor under static argon gas at the pressure of 0.5 MPa. The standard Gibbs energy minimization method was used to calculate the equilibrium composition of the reacting species. The effects of increasing aluminum mole ratio to the precursor mixture of TiO2, B2O3 and Al were investigated. XRD and SEM analyses indicate complete reaction of precursors to yield TiB2-Al2O3 as product composite
Study on Milling Periods on the Iron Mill Scale Particle Size and Properties
Authors: Ruhiyuddin Mohd Zaki , Faizul Che Pa , Murizam Darus , Nazri A.R.M.
Published: December 2012

The relations between the milling periods with the iron mill scale particle size have been studied. Iron mill scale has been chosen for this research due to the nature of itself, as a by-product. From this research, the average optimum size for the final iron mill scale particle size intended to produce is at 300 μm. Raw iron mill scale received from the industries was in the form of chip with the average size of 10 mm across and 1.5 mm thickness. Three different samples from three different steel mill companies have been used for this study. Rolling ball mill has been used to mill the iron mill scale with two different milling periods, which were two hours and six hours. After the milling process, the iron mill scale was sieved using sieving machine to a few specified grating sizes. Weight of each sample collected from each grating size was calculated in order to get the percentage of the particle size distribution of the iron mill scale after the milling process. Sample collected from Steel Mill 1 (SM1) and Steel Mill 3 (SM3) showing finer particle size produced after the milling period of six hours as compared to two hours. However sample from Steel Mill 2 (SM2) showing different trend of particle size collected as compared to SM1 and SM3. Coarser particle size was collected after the milling periods of six hours as compared to two hours. Characterization process have been conducted to all mill scale samples from each steel mill company in order to determine the relationship between the mill scale properties and the result gathered after the milling process.
The Effects of Rattan Filler Loadings on Mechanical Properties and Morphological Study of Rattan Powder Filled-Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Balakrishna Nurshamila Shaari , Ismail Hanafi , Othman Nadras
Published: December 2012

Effects of filler loading were investigated in rattan powder-filled polypropylene composites. The composites were melt-blended using a Polydrive Thermo Haake internal mixer by incorporating rattan powder into polypropylene matrix. Rattan powders used were of average size 180µm with filler loadings ranging between 0 to 40 phr. The results indicate that tensile strength and elongation at break show a decrease with increasing filler loading. Tensile modulus increased with addition of rattan powder and eventually decreased with high filler loading. This is due to higher rattan powder content has more tendency to agglomerate causing weaker interfacial adhesion between rattan filler and polypropylene matrix. The deterioration in tensile properties was confirmed by morphological studies of fractured surfaces.
Effect of Pyrolysis on the Wettability Behaviour of Polyethylene Terephthalate on Petroleum Coke
Authors: Sharifah Shahnaz Syed Bakar , Khanna Rita , Veena Sahajwalla , Kamarudin Hussin , Noimam N.Z. , Sam Sung Ting
Published: December 2012

In depth investigations has been carried out on thermoplastic polymers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The interaction between PET and PC substrate was studied to investigate the effect of oxygen-containing polymer on the polymer melt wetting properties. The effect of two main parameters, temperature ranging from 300°C to 400°C and time from 30 min to 60 min on the polymer properties and the effect of petroleum coke presence on the degradation process of polymer have been characterized. PET has showed high wettability and deep penetration of melt flow into petroleum coke substrate, which increased as time and temperature were increased.
Experimental of Wood Gasification in Suction Biomass Gasifier
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Iqbal , Alauddin Zainal Alimuddin Zainal , Soid Shahril Nizam Mohamed , Mazlan Mohamed , Yusoff Mohd Huzaifah
Published: December 2012

Biomass is one of the alternatives energy which are abundant, relatively cheap, and widespread availability. This paper is aim to show the process finding according experimental work of wood using suction biomass gasifier. Energy can be extracted from biomass through gasification process. The experiment focuses on woody gasification. A suction biomass gasifier has been built and operated under stable condition which fueled from wood waste and air as gasifying agent. The biomass feeding rate was varied from 3 to 5.5kg/hr. Result show that producer gas contains CO in 20-30% in volume and H2 found to be varying between 14 and16% vol. The low heating value (LHV) from this woody gasification around 4-5 MJ/Nm3. Carbon conversion efficiency also measured as a parameter to indicate biomass-gas conversion.
FT-IR and Morphology of Different Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber Glove (NBRgr) Size and its Blend Ratios of SBR/NBRr Blends
Authors: Lokman Hakim I. , Noimam N.Z. , Ismail Hanafi , Sam S.T. , Mohd Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar , Rosniza Hamzah
Published: December 2012

Recycling rubber waste contributes to a cleaner environment by using indestructible rubber discards as well as lowering production costs as reclaimed rubber is cheaper than virgin or natural rubber. Therefore, in this study, the properties of recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber glove (NBRgr) blending with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) has been determined. The effects of SBR/NBRr blends on properties of such fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and morphology properties were carried out. FT-IR analysis showed that SBR/NBRr R05 blended with the smallest size NBRr (S1) and showed most intense amine absorption at 1535 cm-1.The intensity decreased by increasing the NBRr sizes. By incorporating the smallest size NBRr provided more surface area to interact with SBR polymers thus increased the level of crosslink. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation on fatigue failure surface, the SBR/NBRr blended with the finest size of NBRr (S1) showed roughest matrix tearing compared to S2 and S3 indicated better fatigue propagation. At higher blend ratio (50/50), the SBR/NBRr blended with S2 and S3 exhibited a coarser and a poorer distribution of NBRr with SBR matrix which led to lower fatigue life.
Fabrication of Nanowire Using Ash Trimming Technique
Authors: Adam Tijjani , Hashim U. , Leow Pei Ling , Humayun Q.
Published: December 2012

The paper present a report on fabrication of Nanowire using plasma oxidation, we monitor changes by studying the morphology and Δw / Δh, the study also revealed that the proposed fabrication method could potentially be used to fabricate specific nanometer-scale structure and space structure with uniform surface morphology without any damage to the photoresist. Yet with reduced ashing time and without popping of the photoresist ashing process when the a fabricated is being carried out and subsequently trimmed to nanosize by plasma oxidation, the study also revealed the dramatic increase in aspect ratio as the structure reduces in lateral dimension.
Structural Study on Lithium-Barium Borophosphate Glasses Using Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Hua Wan Ming , Wong Poh Sum , Hussin Rosli , Ibrahim Zuhairi
Published: December 2012

This paper reported on the structural properties of Lithium-Barium borophosphate glasses. The glasses were prepared through melt quenching technique and studied in the compositional series which was 25Li2O:25BaO:(x)B2O3:(50-x)P2O5where 0x50 mol% .The aims of this work were to investigate the vibration mode about the local order around phosphorus tetrahedral structures and the boron coordination changed from trigonal to tetrahedral structures. Their basic properties were determined and their structure was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Both spectroscopy analysis of the sample revealed vibration mode related to the characteristic phosphate bonds and borate bonds especially P-O-P, O-P-O ,P-O-B, BO3and BO4. Structural studies were devoted to the investigation of changes in boron coordination in the dependence on changes in B2O3or P2O5ratio in the borophosphate glasses. The decrease in the strength of the vibrations of the non-bridging PO2groups seems to indicate a progressive increase in the connectivity of the glass with increasing B2O3content. It was likely that this connectivity was due to the formation of P-O-B links at 890 cm-1, which replaced the vibration mode P-O-P. The increasing of B2O3content and decreasing the P2O5content causes the boron coordination changes from trigonal to tetrahedral and the basic units change from BO3to BO4. Overall, the high frequency bands corresponding to stretching vibration become broader, less distinct and overlap each other with an increasing B2O3content and decreasing P2O5content.