bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YENİ ASUR DEVLETİ’NDE ÖZEL MÜLKİYET VE TARIMSAL EKONOMİ: ANADOLU’DAN ORTAYA ÇIKAN TABLETLER ÜZERİNDEN BİR İNCELEME
Authors: Kahveci Gül
Published: December 2024

Yeni Asur Devleti (MÖ 934-612), Yukarı Mezopotamya’da kurulan ve ekonomisi büyük ölçüde tarıma dayanan güçlü medeniyetlerden biriydi. Tarımsal ekonomiye sahip toplumların karakteristik özelliklerini taşıyan bu devlette, bireylerin mülk sahibi olmaları, toplumun ekonomik ve sosyal yapısını şekillendiren önemli bir faaliyetti. Buna göre, özel şahısların tarım arazilerine sahip olmaları ve bu topraklardan elde ettikleri tahıl üzerinden kredi vermeleri hem devlet hem de şahıslar için önemli bir gelir kaynağı olmuştu. Bu nedenle, tarım arazilerinin devir belgeleri ve tahıl kredi metinleri, dönemin ekonomik, sosyal ve hukuki yapısının yanı sıra mülkiyet kavramının ve toprak kullanımının nasıl olduğunu anlamak için önemli birer anahtar niteliğindedir.
Makale, Anadolu’da yer alan Maraş, Ma’allānāte, Girnevaz, Batman, Mardin ve Ziyaret Tepe’den çıkan tahıl kredisi ve arazi devir belgelerine dayanarak, özel şahısların toprak sahibi olma süreçlerini ve tarımsal faaliyetlerini incelemektedir. Bu belgeler, Anadolu’da özel şahıslar tarafından yürütülen tarımsal faaliyetlerin Asur ekonomisi için kritik bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Özellikle Tušhan, tarımsal açıdan verimli topraklara sahip bir bölge olarak önemli bir tahıl deposu işlevi görmüştür.
Arazi satış belgeleri ve tapu işlemleri, devletin tarımsal üretim üzerindeki kontrolünü ve özel mülkiyetin hukuki çerçevede korunmasını sağlamıştır. Belgelerde alıcı-satıcı bilgileri, mülkün özellikleri ve sözleşme şartları detaylandırılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu belgeler arazi devri ve tahıl üretiminin sürekliliğini sağlama amacını taşımış ve mülk sahiplerinin yasal güvenliğini garanti altına almıştır.
ASKERÎ EĞİTİM TARİHİ AÇISINDAN HARP KÖPEKLERİNİN TALİM VE TERBİYESİ
Authors: Öztürk Yücel
Published: December 2024

Tarih boyunca tarım, taşıma, ulaşım, spor ve eğlence gibi pek çok alanda insan hayatını kolaylaştırmak maksadıyla köpeklerden istifade edildiği bilinmektedir. Askerî hedeflere ulaşmak maksadıyla kullanılan köpeklerin ise genellikle refakat, koruma, hedef tespiti, arama, kurtarma, iz takip, haberleşme, taşıma ve bekçilik gibi görevleri üstlendikleri görülmektedir.
Türkler de köpekleri, sadece efsanelerinde dillendirmekle kalmamış, askerî alan amaçlı kullanımları doğrultusunda eğitime tabi tutmuşlardır. Köpeklerin istenen seviyede yetiştirilmesine ilişkin usul ve esasların belirlendiği çeşitli talimnamelerin yanı sıra ders kitabı niteliği taşıyan askerî yayınlar iç hizmette kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türk askerî eğitim sistemi özelliklerinin, 1922 yılında yayımlanan “Vesâit-i Muharebeden Köpek ve Talim ve Terbiyesi” başlıklı ders kitabı olarak okutulan talimnamenin verileri doğrultusunda köpek eğitimi özelinde ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden “doküman incelemesi” metodu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucu, Türkiye’de halen terör ve asayiş gibi birçok önemli görevde yer alan köpeklerin askerî sahada kullanılmasına yönelik verilmiş olan eğitim usul ve esasları tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, Türklerin tarihsel süreçte harp köpekleri de dâhil olmak üzere askerî eğitime verdikleri önemi ortaya koymuştur. Hatta harp köpeği eğitimi hususunda çağdaşı bulunduğu devletleri yakaladığını, bazı ilklerle öne geçtiğini ve bu alandaki verileri atfedilen önem ve kurumsallaşma doğrultusunda yazılı aktarmayı başardığını göstermiştir.
OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE ASKER KAYNAKLARINDAN KUL KARDEŞLERİ
Authors: Gül Abdulkasim
Published: December 2024

Bu makalede, Osmanlı Devleti’nin bütün devirlerinde işlerlik durumu olsa da irtibatlı olduğu devşirme ve pençik usulü gibi uygulamalar sebebiyle on yedinci yüzyıl başına kadar farklı bir yapı halinde teşekkül eden kul kardeşliği incelendi. Kul kardeşliği ehemmiyetli bir asker kaynağı olsa da şimdiye kadar ihmal edilmiş yapı olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Dolayısıyla çalışmanın maksadı bu yapının etraflıca ortaya konulmasıdır. Makalede uygulamanın insan kaynağı, askeri güç olarak kullanılma şekilleri, var olduğu zaman içindeki değişimleri ve hangi şartlarda ortadan kalktığı incelendi. Kaynak olarak esasen Osmanlı arşivindeki resmi kayıtlar kullanılırken ayrıca dönem yazarlarından istifade edildi. Netice olarak bu yapının Osmanlı askerî düzeninin on yedinci yüzyıl başına kadar geçerli olan özellikleri itibariyle var olduğu, bu özelliklerin ortadan kalmasıyla uygulama şartlarını yitirdiği ortaya koyuldu.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF NGO STAFF IN BANGLADESH, FOCUSING ON STRESS AND COPING
Authors: Begum Shajeda , Kabir Rubayat , Mondal Md Sanaul Haque
Published: December 2024

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) played a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic by being at the forefront of responding to the global upsurge in humanitarian needs. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors associated with stress among NGO staff due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed qualitative phenomenological research design and the data were collected using in-depth interviews from fifteen NGO staff. Thematic analysis technique was adopted for the data analysis. This study identified numerous stressors, including challenges of work-life balance, social isolation, and access to treatment facilities. Seven out of fifteen respondents stated that the extended hours they worked during COVID-19 had an impact on their ability to maintain a healthy work-life balance. The majority of the respondents felt anxious about getting access to treatment facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic due to higher treatment costs and limited treatment facilities. The respondents used a variety of coping mechanisms to deal with these stressors, including communicating and spending time with friends and family members, and engaging in fun activities such as watching movies, crafting, gardening, and reading. NGO staff’s daily lives and their mental health were severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study recommends the need to assess the stress of NGO staff so that early measures can be taken by concerned NGO agencies, such as employers, to take proactive measures to mitigate their stress during pandemics or other emergencies.
ULTRASONIC QUALITY CONTROL OF SOLDERED AND WELDED JOINTS IN ELECTRICAL CONTACTS
Authors: Smirnov Valentin M. , Smirnova Natalya R. , Petrov Oleg A. , Merzlov Evgeny V. , Golyushov Ivan S.
Published: December 2024

Electrical contact units are components of electrical switching devices, which are widely used in many industries, including defense, aviation, space, where not only the performance of the equipment, but also, often, people’s lives depend on the quality of the components used. Therefore, the quality of electrical contact units is a priority in the production of switching devices.

The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the possibility of using ultrasonic testing to assess the quality of soldered and welded joints in electrical contact assemblies.

Materials and methods. The quality of the connections was studied on various contact assemblies using the ultrasonic testing method with a special transducer. To confirm the results of ultrasonic testing, metallographic studies and mechanical tests of the contact assemblies were also carried out.

Results. A comparative analysis of the results of ultrasonic quality control of soldered and welded joints with the results of metallographic studies and mechanical tests of contact parts for shear along the surface of the joints on three different types of contact units is carried out. The presence of a direct correlation between the results of ultrasonic quality control of soldered and welded joints and the results of their metallographic studies and mechanical tests on all the electrical contacts under study is shown. Possible causes of low quality and strength of connections in individual contact units under study are analyzed.

Conclusions. The possibility of using the ultrasonic testing method to assess the quality of soldered and welded joints in electrical contact assemblies is shown. The results of ultrasonic testing are confirmed by metallographic studies and mechanical tests of the contact assemblies.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF OPTIMAL POWER CONSUMPTION CONTROL DEVICE FOR THE ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE OF A CONTACTOR
Authors: Petrov Viktor N. , Nikolaev Dmitrii N. , Nikitin Dimitrii N.
Published: December 2024

One of the priority scientific and technological directions of development of the Russian Federation in the field of energy, is energy and resource saving. In this regard, to ensure the competitiveness of the electrical products market, the issue of research and development of low-voltage electromagnetic switching equipment with low values ​​of power consumption and weight and size indicators is relevant.

The purpose of the study is to reduce the power consumption of the electromagnetic drive of the contactor in the holding mode and to increase the electrical wear resistance of the main contacts of the contactor.

Materials and methods. The basis of the study was the analyzed existing solutions for the schemes and algorithms for controlling the electromagnetic drive in various sources of information. The electromagnetic drive of the vacuum contactor of the КВ1-160 series was adopted as the initial object of the study. Main parameters of the electromagnetic drive of the contactor КВ1-160: nominal control voltage of 220 V DC, winding resistance values ​​preliminarily measured by the universal voltmeter АВМ-4306 and the testing device РЕТОМ-21 are 62 Ohm, the power consumption of the contactor electromagnet with a standard unit in the holding mode is 15.2 W. The research used the methods of analysis and synthesis, measurement, planning and conducting an experiment.

Research results. The paper presents the results of the development and study of a control device for electromagnetic drives, which ensures a decrease in the power consumption of the electromagnetic drive in the holding mode, as well as an increase in their electrical wear resistance. A control circuit for a single-winding electromagnetic drive is proposed. A brief description of the operation of the control device prototype based on a microcontroller is given. Experimental studies of the control device prototype are carried out using a three-stage electromagnetic drive control algorithm.

Conclusions. The results of the experimental studies showed the operability of the prototype sample of the contactor electromagnetic drive control device according to the proposed circuit. A reduction in the power consumption of the EMF in the holding mode was achieved, which amounted to 25 W. A slight (approximately 10%) reduction in the vibration time of the main contacts was ensured, which will lead to an increase in their electrical wear resistance.
Justification of Performing Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Kidneys in Patients in Critical Conditions
Authors: Shkuratova Yuliya Yu. , Morozova Tatiana G.
Published: December 2024

Acute kidney injury is a serious problem in intensive care and healthcare in general. The aim of the study is to determine the opportunities and justify the expediency of performing diffusion–weighted images and ASL-perfusion in assessing morphofunctional renal disorders in patients in critical conditions. Material and methods. 101 patients diagnosed with acute kidney injury on the basis of the RSFHF «City Clinical Hospital № 1» (the town of Smolensk) had magnetic resonance imaging of the kidneys and retroperitoneal organs performed using diffusion-weighted images and ASL-perfusion. The data obtained from the autopsy kidney material of deceased patients (n = 32) were compared with the lifetime indicators of diffusion-weighted images and ASL-perfusion. The control group consisted of 54 volunteers without pathology of the genitourinary system. Results. According to the results of magnetic resonance imaging, all patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 48) included patients with the following results: there was no qualitative restriction of diffusion, the measured diffusion coefficient was = 1.89–2.1´10– 3 mm2/s, ASL-perfusion was ≤ 469 ml/100g/min. In the 2nd group (n = 31), the following results were obtained: qualitatively – there was no restriction of diffusion, the measured diffusion coefficient was = 1.89–2.1´10-3 mm2/s, ASL-perfusion was ≥ 470 ml/100g/min. In the 3rd group (n = 22), the presence of diffusion restriction was noted, the measured diffusion coefficient was < 1.79´10-3 mm2/s. ASL-perfusion was not required in this group of patients, the results were false positive. Conclusions. Magnetic resonance imaging of the kidneys using diffusion-weighted images and ASL-perfusion makes it possible to determine morphofunctional renal disorders without the use of invasive techniques, as well as to predict the outcome in each group of patients.
Aspects of the Clinical use of the Import-Substituted Radiopharmaceutical Agent 18F-PSMA in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Baryshnikov Ivan A. , Udalov Yuri D. , Sychev Petr V. , Mayakova Elena V. , Maltseva Tatyana Yu. , Akramova Anna A.
Published: December 2024

One of the most common types of radionuclide studies, which are gaining traction in oncology, is positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography. The most significant and promising radiopharmaceutical agent in the radionuclide diagnosis of prostate cancer is 18F-PSMA. A high sensitivity and specificity of this radiopharmaceutical agent for prostate cancer are due to the prostate-specific membrane antigen, which is the second type of transmembrane glycoprotein with a high expression in endothelial cells during neoangiogenesis. The purpose is to develop a domestic import–substituted radiopharmaceutical agent 18F-PSMA, manufactured in the system of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia using domestic substances and excipients. Materials and methods. The syntheses were carried out on the Fastlab GE Healthcare module. This module has been repeatedly used to manufacture the radiopharmaceutical agent 18F-PSMA-1007 using original ABX cassettes. The reagent kit consisted of a vial with the precursor 18F-PSMA-1007, a vial with dimethyl sulfoxide for dissolving the precursor, and a vial with a solution of tetrabutylammonium in ethanol. Additional vials used outside the cassette and connected by connecting tubes with needles contained ethanol solutions with concentrations of 5 and 30%, a phosphate buffer solution. A QMA (quaternary methylamonium) cartridge was used to isolate fluorine-18. Sequentially connected PS-H+ and C18 extraction cartridges were used to isolate and purify the final product. Consumables included a «skeleton» with rotary valves, a housing, a three-necked reactor flask, glass vials, connecting tubes and adapters. Results. The process of synthesizing a radiopharmaceutical agent using domestic reagents was similar to the original one. A comparative analysis of the synthesis charts, a comparative analysis of the activity and yield of RFP made from domestic and imported reagents, and an assessment of radiochemical purity were carried out. The physiological and pathological distribution of the domestic radiopharmaceutical agent, as well as its comparison to the original drug, were carried out in the clinical part of the study, during which no side effects and adverse events were noted in patients. Conclusions. The radiopharmaceutical preparation made from domestic reagents using adapted technology for the original cassette is identical to the original in all quality indicators and corresponds to approved regulatory values.
Histomorphological State of the Pulpodentin Complex During Permanent Teeth Eruption under Conditions of Ecological and Technogenic Stress
Authors: Polyakova Olga L. , Chuchkova Natalya N. , Smetanina Marina V. , Chuchkov Viktor M. , Kormilina Natalia V.
Published: December 2024

The timing, duration and quality of permanent teeth eruption are directly dependent on the morphological characteristics of dental tissues, whose formation is determined by the conditions of formation. The aim is a histomorphological study of the pulpodentin complex of a tooth during permanent teeth eruption in children and adolescents living under environmental and technogenic stress conditions. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the dental material of children and adolescents of Udmurtia at the age of 5 years (eruption beginning) and at the age of 14 years (eruption completed). The material was collected with the voluntary written consent of the child and his parents. Groups of children were formed based on the conditions of their residence in relatively prosperous settlements and areas with increased environmental and technogenic stress on the basis of data presented in the State Report «On the State of Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population in the Udmurt Republic». Scientific research was approved by the Committee on Biomedical Ethics of the FSBEI of HE «Izhevsk State Medical Academy» under the Health Ministry of the Russian Federation (application № 391 dated 05.11.2013). Histological preparations of the pulpodentin complex were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picrofuxin, photographed and subjected to a qualitative assessment. Results. The dental pulpodentin complex in children living under environmental and technogenic stress conditions at the time of permanent teeth eruption (5 years old) corresponded to the indicators of morphological maturity. Minor deviations were represented by single obliterated tubules, heterogeneity of the dentine layer, and the presence of fields with poorly calcified dentine. By the time when permanent teeth eruption was completed (14 years old), areas of reactive-altered dentin, zones of the basic substance dilution with a predominance of inter-tubular dentin, areas with alternating layers of mineralized dentin, uneven arrangement of dentine tubules, the presence of dilated blood microvessels with the phenomena of stasis of shaped elements were formed. Conclusions. Permanent teeth eruption in children and adolescents living under environmental and technogenic stress is accompanied by negative changes in the dental pulpodentin complex. Data on the peculiarities of pulp formation in adverse developmental conditions should be taken into account in pediatric dentistry in the treatment of children and developing the algorithm for preventive or corrective procedures.
Digitalization of Public Administration and Public-Private Partnership
Authors: Sergeeva Nadezhda V.
Published: December 2024

The need for digital transformation as a national goal determines the search for various ways to ensure its implementation, among which public-private partnership stands out. Being a way to attract private investment, public-private partnership enables to create a legal and financial model in which it is possible to take into account legislative restrictions on the design, creation, operation and transfer of individual public property objects to private ownership. The purpose of the study is to identify the features in the development of the institute of public–private partnership in implementing IT projects in the public sector. Materials and methods. The research used data from «Rosinfra», «Electronic Budget» and the National Center for Public-Private Partnership platforms using statistical methods (graphical, sampling, time series analysis) for data processing, visualization and interpretation. Research results. A large scale and branching of public administration system in Russia, delimitation of authoritative powers and property between the federal center, regional state authorities and local governments, combined with different financial capabilities and investment attractiveness, have led to digital inequality of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The object of the agreement, likelihood of legal risks during its creation, authoritative powers and property rights of the public partner influence the choice of the agreement form within the framework of public-private partnership on projects aimed at digitalization of the public sector. Regional IT projects in the public sector are of the same type, the developer applies a market capture strategy, fully financing the development. The implemented IT projects at the federal level are unique and are characterized by a high proportion of budget investments. A significant proportion of projects are aimed at creating a data collection system (education, sports, transport). Conclusions. Digital transformation of the public sector is heterogeneous, the main drivers at the regional level are projects in sports and education, and those at the federal level are in the transport sector. Digitalization using public-private partnership mechanisms mainly affects collecting background information for public administration purposes. Digitalization of government functions with the involvement of private capital results in the risk of loosing the country's digital sovereignty. Two strategies to implement the projects within the framework of public-private partnership have been identified, while the first is related to promotion of a ready-made product in different regions, and the second is aimed at developing unique solutions for a specific problem. Since public services are poorly commercialized, implementation of IT projects in culture, healthcare, and social protection is almost not observed.
Legal Problems of Labor and Employment of Minors
Authors: Vasilieva Jeanne S. , Vereshchak Svetlana B.
Published: December 2024

The employment of minors is an indicator of the state's social orientation to maintain and harmoniously involve young people in the labor process. However, much in this matter depends on the relevance and the possibility of applying legislative provisions in practice. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of legal regulation of labor and employment of minors and identify promising areas for the development of domestic labor legislation in this area. Materials and methods. In the study of the problems of labor and employment of minors, general scientific methods were used – analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison. The use of the content analysis method made it possible to identify existing approaches to solving the problem of involving young people under 18 in the world of work. The methods of comparison and system analysis made it possible to place emphasis on the issue of further improvement of legislation on labor and employment of minors. The research uses particular scientific methods: comparative legal, formal legal, statistical ones. The analysis of legislative provisions on regulation of the labor law status of a minor employee and the practice of their implementation in the Russian economy is carried out. Results. The problem of labor and employment of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years has always been acute in Russia. There are several reasons: the financial costs of the employer, short term of the employment contract, special requirements for labor protection. A new impetus to solving the problem of youth employment was set in 2021–2022, when minors began to en masse register as self-employed. However, self-employed minors do not have the guarantees and the degree of protection that an employment contract provides them. It is noted that regulation of the labor law status of minors is primarily focused on ensuring an increased level of their social and legal protection in the field of hired labor. Attention is drawn to the shift in the emphasis of the Russian state's policy on the problem of underage employment from a classical solution of this issue to the interest in early career guidance and harmonious involvement of young people in the labor process. Implementation of this state task implies, among other things, the need to update the provisions of legislation on the labor and legal status of minors. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of legislative innovations introduced by Federal Law No. 259-FZ dated June 13, 2023 in the regulation of juvenile labor, a further direction for improving the labor law status of minors has been determined – softening the requirements for minors’ employment in terms of parental consent and medical examination while maintaining the level of their rights guarantee.
PROBLEMS OF CHEBOKSARY RESERVOIR AT PRESENT STAGE
Authors: Rusinova Nadezhda G.
Published: December 2024

The history of creation and development of Cheboksary hydroelectric power plant has always been of interest to researchers. The reservoir has been at a low level for many years. This condition results in numerous problems. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that currently the problem of the reservoir affects the interests of the population in three regions.

The purpose of the study is to examine the problems of Cheboksary reservoir in the light of the economic development of the regions at present stage.

Materials and methods. Various sources were used to work on the topic: archival documents, journalistic literature, articles in scientific journals and periodicals. The study was carried out using the comparative-historical method and the method of system analysis, which made it possible to generalize the data of sources and group heterogeneous judgments and assessments.

Study results. In the 2010s, the Program of Comprehensive Survey of the Cheboksary Reservoir Zone was carried out. The survey revealed a number of problems related to the operation of the reservoir and the state of engineering protection. The Cheboksary hydroelectric complex is currently operated at an off-design level, in which the station does not produce electricity necessary for the economic development of the regions. In addition, there is a destruction of engineering protection facilities, territories and settlements are flooded, erosive processes are progressing, and water quality is deteriorating. Power engineers propose to solve this problem by raising the water level in the reservoir to the design level. However, not everyone agrees with this decision.

Conclusions. There are various federal programs to improve the ecological condition of the reservoir and reduce its negative impact on the environment. The participation of municipal organizations in the programs has a positive effect.
METHODS OF RESEARCH OF RESONANT CONVERTERS
Authors: Belov Gennadiy A. , Malinin Grigoriy V.
Published: December 2024

Analytical study of DC-DC resonant converters for the purpose of their analysis and correct design is a topical task. Currently, the fundamental harmonic method and the time domain analysis method are used to solve this problem. The use of the fundamental harmonic method for analyzing the steady-state characteristics of an LCC converter is simple only when using an LC smoothing filter at its output. For the widely used LCC converter with a capacitive filter at the output, the fundamental harmonic method yields a significant error. Therefore, the characteristics of an LCC converter are currently studied mainly by time analysis and simulation methods.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate external characteristics of the LCC type converter using fundamental harmonic and time domain analysis methods and to compare the obtained results with the results of simulation modeling.

Materials and methods. Mathematical modeling of the converter was carried out using methods of circuit theory and automatic control. Studying the converter with the help of time domain analysis, vector-matrix methods for solving differential equations, methods of separating motion and fitting were used. Simulation modeling of the converter was carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink dynamic modeling environment.

Research results. External (load) characteristics of converters along with dependences of voltage gain on switching frequency allow to justify the choice of converter type and recommendations for their design. The derivation of external characteristics of the converter and dependences of short-circuit current and no-load voltage on switching frequency is given by the fundamental harmonic method. The time domain analysis is carried out for the most complex three-interval on a half-cycle switching mode of converter. The vector-matrix method is used to solve differential equations describing processes on three intervals of converter linearity. Analytical relationships are obtained that allow to calculate transient processes by the fitting method and to determine the characteristics of the steady-state mode. The latter is significantly complicated with an increase in the number of converter linearity intervals on a half-cycle of switching. This is explained by the fact that before calculating the characteristics of the steady-state mode, it is necessary to solve the nonlinear equation of this mode, which is greatly complicated already at three intervals of linearity on a half-cycle.

Conclusions. The fundamental harmonic method for the LCC converter has limited application, since it gives approximate results, which are refined by more accurate methods. The time domain analysis method is the most suitable and accurate method of study. But its application becomes more complicated with the increase in the number of converter linearity intervals when analyzing its steady-state operating mode.
Integration of Performance Tasks in Grade 12 Physical Education: Basis for Policy Enhancement
Authors: Reyes Mark Anthony O.
Published: December 2024

This action research investigates the impact of integrating performance tasks in the Physical Education curriculum for Grade 12 students at Libertad National High School. The study's objective was to determine this approach's effectiveness as a foundation for potential policy enhancements. Using a pre-test and post-test design, students' grades before and after the intervention were analyzed through a t-test to identify significant differences. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in students' grades, highlighting the positive impact of performance-task integration on academic achievement in Physical Education. These findings support the inclusion of task-based assessments within the PE curriculum, indicating that such strategies can enhance student engagement, alleviate stress, and foster critical thinking skills. It is recommended that schools implement performance tasks more broadly in PE and explore the potential for integrating these strategies into other core subjects. By providing targeted teacher training and allocating sufficient resources, schools can effectively incorporate performance tasks across various subjects, enriching the overall educational experience and supporting deeper student learning.
Interaction between Microglia and Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Development of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Authors:   Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil., Junior Leonel Witcoski , Lima Jordana Dinorá de ,   Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil., Somensi Amanda Girardi ,   Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, Paula André Guilherme de ,   Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil., Torres Carolina Taina ,   Cesumar University, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil., Bordenowski Victor Hugo Queiros ,   Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil., Fontoura Andressa Knapik da ,   Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil., Bastos Thais Sibioni Berti ,   Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC/Fiocruz), Curitiba, PR, Brazil., Lunardi Paula Santana ,   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil., Braga Tarcio Teodoro ,   Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Published: December 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and eventual paralysis. Although the precise mechanisms driving ALS are not yet fully elucidated, emerging evidence suggests a crucial role of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in disease progression. Microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells, play a central role in the neuroinflammatory response and undergo metabolic reprogramming during ALS, shifting from a homeostatic state to an inflammatory one. This reactivity is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, which impairs energy production but allows microglia to maintain a pro-inflammatory phenotype through alternative pathways, such as glycolysis. This interaction between mitochondrial metabolism and microglial function exacerbates neuroinflammation, contributing to neuronal damage and accelerating ALS pathology. Mutations in genes like C9ORF72, SOD1, and TARDBP, commonly associated with ALS, also affect cellular processes such as RNA metabolism and mitochondrial function, further worsening the effects of the disease. This review explores the role of microglial mitochondrial metabolism in ALS, highlighting its importance in disease progression and identifying potential therapeutic targets to modulate neuroinflammation and metabolic dysfunction to slow ALS progression.
Skin Graft Harvested from Hypertrophic Scar Tissues as a Treatment Option of Post Burn Popliteal Contracture: A Case Report
Authors:   Medical Doctor, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, Claudia Grace , Hamid Agus Roy Rusly Hariantana ,   Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery,Faculty of Medicine Udayana University/Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

Background: Burn injuries can range from minor injury up to life-threatening medical problems. Scars and contractures of varying degrees may develop on a healed burn patient, causing problems in functional and aesthetic components. Surgery is indicated on contracture patients with limited range of motion on the affected limb.

Aims : This study aims to report a-33 year old female patient with popliteal contracture following a gas explosion at her home six months ago.

Case Presentation: The patient presented with diffused desmogen contracture of the left popliteal with limited range of motion, and hypertrophic scar tissue in some parts of her body, such as the posterior side of both thighs and both lower leg. The patient is unable to walk normally because her left knee cannot be straightened following the burn trauma. Surgical procedure was done to excise the contracture, and split thickness skin graft harvested from the hypertrophic scar of posterior left thigh was used to close the defect.

Result: Patient achieved satisfactory result following surgery. The patient demonstrated improved knee function, with the ability to walk normally without assistive device.

Conclusion: Closing defect after excision of contracture using skin graft from hypertrophic scar tissue offers the patient a good chance for release contracture without the risk of additional scar tissue.
Septic Nonunion of the Tibial Shaft with Bone Defect in a Gustilo-anderson Type II Open Fracture
Authors:   Fourth year traumatology resident, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY.), Kirsch Armando de Jesus Mendoza , V. Victor Alayón ,   Specialist in traumatology and orthopedics, ISSSTE Susulá, Yucatán, México., P. Mario Lezama ,   Head of the department of traumatology and orthopedics, ISSSTE Susulá, Yucatán, México., Pérez Regina M. ,   Medical intern, Universidades para el bienestar Benito Juárez Garcia, Ticul, Yucatán. (UBBJ).
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Open fractures of the tibial shaft are mostly the result of high-energy trauma, the incidence is 17 to 21 per 100,000 inhabitants, represent 2% of all fractures and 36.7% of all long bone fractures in adults. More than 15% of tibial shaft fractures are classified as open, representing the most common open long bone injuries. The reported incidence of nonunion or delayed union of tibial shaft fractures after intramedullary nailing (IMN) ranges from 16% to 36%. Infection can complicate any stage of the fracture healing process and may contribute to nonunion in up to 38% of cases.

Case: A 64yo female with open fracture of the tibial shaft G-A II, initially treated with external fixators, then 3 internal fixations with IMN were performed at different surgical times due to complication of septic nonunion, managed with local and systemic antibiotics and tissue coverage.

Discussion: Some orthopedic surgeons prioritize bone union as the main treatment goal in septic nonunion and advocate retaining the implant with surgical cleaning and debridement of devitalized tissue, followed by suppressive intravenous antibiotic therapy. Conversely, others consider eradicating the infectious process as the most critical stage of treatment.

Conclusion: Pseudoarthrosis is one of the most devastating problems in orthopedic surgery. We consider it a priority to identify the pathogen associated with the nonunion for specific local and systemic antibiotic therapy associated with aggressive debridement surgery and stable fixation.
Correlation of the Effect of Mentoring on the Profits of UMKM Fostered by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Pertamina Sumbagsel
Authors:   Sriwijaya University, Indonesia, Safita Masayu , . Suhel ,   Sriwijaya University, Indonesia, Yulianita Anna ,   Sriwijaya University, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to look into the relationship between increased profitability and a mentoring program among Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) taking part in Pertamina Sumbagsel's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program. This research is motivated by the important role of MSMEs in the Indonesian economy and the potential of CSR initiatives to improve their performance. Through a survey of 170 MSMEs in South Sumatra, this research analyzes the impact of various aspects of mentoring, including training frequency, financial assistance, and duration of mentoring, on MSME profitability. Adopting a quantitative strategy, This research undertakes a regression analysis to statistically determine the extent to which mentoring influences profits. The conclusions drawn from this study reveal a favorable and statistically significant relationship between participating MSMEs' increased profitability and the level of mentorship. This shows that the mentoring program carried out by Pertamina Sumbagsel is effective in contributing to business financial growth. Additionally, this research identifies specific mentoring components that have the greatest impact on profitability, providing valuable insights for targeted program improvements.
A COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTION FOR BSC NURSING STUDENTS
Authors: Suvitha Dr. S. Suvitha , Margaret Dr. A. Margaret , Volantine Dr. I. Volantine
Published: December 2024

This book has been designed primarily to support nursing students in their exam preparations. We recognize that the journey through nursing education can be both demanding and fulfilling, with success often hinging on the mastery of key concepts, comprehension of critical points, and the ability to effectively convey this knowledge in exams.
Upon completing this book, students will learn to apply a structured approach to exam revision, develop critical thinking skills, and relate their knowledge to real-world clinical scenarios. By concentrating on essential points and grasping the underlying principles, students will be better prepared to tackle exam questions in a thoughtful and organized way. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive guide to the three core subjects featured in this book: Community Health Nursing, Management of Nursing Services and Education, and Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing. Each subject is presented with an emphasis on the essential facts and principles necessary for exam success. By focusing on these critical areas, we aim to help students to confidently approach their exams, ensuring they are well-prepared to achieve outstanding results.
Some distinctive features of this book include:
Discursos e contradiscursos em torno da prática do abortamento no Brasil: uma proposta de ampliação e aplicação do modelo de Padilla, Douglas e López
Authors: Da Silva Elionai Mendes , Aboboreira Ana Débora Cruz , Reis Mariana Santos
Published: December 2024

Este estudo busca analisar a produção e constituição de discursos e de contradiscursos em torno do assunto aborto, a partir de recortes do documentário Legalização do aborto, exibido pelo canal GNT. Consideramos aportes de distintas teorias da argumentação, integrados ao modelo de Padilla, Douglas e López (2011), o qual reúne aspectos pertinentes à análise de textos argumentativos em três níveis: pragmático, global e local. Metodologicamente, pretende-se identificar os elementos que constituem cada nível de análise, observando o contexto de produção discursiva, as categorias estruturais e as estratégias discursivas da argumentação, a fim de depreender a contraposição discursiva. A proposta é ampliar o escopo analítico do modelo das autoras citadas, estendendo-o à análise de textos multissemióticos, em diálogo com a perspectiva interacional da argumentação (Plantin, 2008; Grácio, 2016), para, com isso, vislumbrar novas possibilidades de análise.
O ethos heteroatribuído a Suzane Von Richthofen nas capas das revistas Época (2002) e IstoÉ Gente (2002)
Authors: Oliveira e Silva Ana Rafaela
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho objetiva apresentar a subcategoria do ethos discursivo atribuído, recentemente lançada no campo da Análise do Discurso francesa por Possenti (2020). Analisam-se duas capas de revista, Época (2002) e IstoÉ Gente (2002), a fim de verificar a construção de mulher criminosa de Suzane Von Richthofen, assassina confessa de Manfred e Marísia Von Richthofen. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritivo-interpretativista de caráter qualitativo, inserida na área da Linguística Aplica (LA), na qual tem lugar, entre outras articulações, a produção de imagens do sujeito no e pelo discurso. Alicerçam bibliograficamente a pesquisa: Heine (2012); Maingueneau (2008; 2015; 2018); Possenti (2020). A partir dos resultados, conclui-se que o sujeito mulher criminosa Suzane Von Richthofen foi construído por um discurso em 3ª pessoa com vistas a enfatizar seu lado parricida, promovendo espetáculo midiático, evidência, apagamento.
As trágicas razões das emoções mobilizadas por Heinrich Himmler em discurso endereçado aos generais da SS em 18 de fevereiro de 1937
Authors: Arcanjo Fábio Ávila
Published: December 2024

Este artigo objetiva examinar o discurso proferido por Heinrich Himmler, no dia 18 de fevereiro de 1937, endereçado à alta cúpula militar do Partido nazista. A fala do líder da SS funciona como uma diretriz (interdição das relações sexuais entre homens) a ser seguida pelos membros do partido e que começa a ser instaurada, junto à população civil, com a ascensão de Hitler ao Reichstag. Nosso objetivo é discutir a intrínseca relação existente entre razões e emoções, assentados em trabalhos desenvolvidos por Plantin (2010; 2011) e Ansart (2019). Ademais, faremos uma breve discussão a respeito das condições dos homossexuais alemães em duas temporalidades: durante a República de Weimar e após a ascensão de Hitler. Nosso principal modelo analítico é o da tópica da emoção, de Christian Plantin, que será mobilizada na análise de alguns fragmentos marcantes, nos quais se destacam a homofobia do orador e a exaltação do orgulho nazista.
GRADE-ADOLOPMENT of nephrology clinical practice guidelines and creation of referral algorithms for Pakistan
Authors: Ali Ayesha , Russell Seth Martins  , Alina Pervez  , Nashia Ali Rizvi  , Mohsin Ali Mustafa  , Sonia Yaqub
Published: December 2024

Objective: To develop evidence-based local clinical practice guidelines and primary care referral pathways for general physicians to help streamline the management of glomerular diseases and diabetes in chronic kidney disease patients in Pakistan.
Method: The study was conducted from October 2021 to February 2023 at the Centre for Clinical Best Practices, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, in collaboration with the AKUH Section of Nephrology. Two source guidelines were selected by the local nephrologists after a thorough literature review on PubMed and Google Scholar. GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach was used to adopt, adapt or exclude recommendations from the source guidelines in order to create the local clinical practice guidelines. Recommendations from the local clinical practice guidelines were used to create the primary care referral pathways.
Results: Management guidelines for glomerular diseases and diabetes in chronic kidney disease and two primary care referral pathways for the management and timely referral of the patients were created for general physicians to follow in Pakistan.
Conclusion: On the basis of two source guidelines, evidence-based local clinical practice guidelines and primary care referral pathways for general physicians were developed for general physicians in Pakistan for a smooth referral process.
Key Words: Nephrology, Diabetes, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Health Care
Influence of pre-hospital to post-hospital delay factors on MI complications: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Akhter Javeria , Khalid Naseeb  , Ali Sameera
Published: December 2024

Objective: To identify factors contributing to delays in in the initiation of treatment among ST elevation myocardial infarction patients.
Method: The prospective cohort study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Karachi, from December 2020 to June 2021, and comprised ST elevation myocardial infarction patients of either gender aged at least 18 years. Time delay categories were 1st and 2nd delays that were patient-related, and 3rd delay that was system-related), with thresholds of 90 minutes and 120 minutes. Those who experienced delays were placed in group A, while the rest were in group B. Socio-demographic factors, co-morbidities, reasons of delay and in-hospital complications were recorded. Data was analysed using SPSS (version 21).
Results: Of the 348 patients, 174(50%) were in group A; 129(74.1%) males and 45(25.9%) females with overall mean age 57.52±10.59 years. The remaining 174(50%) were in group B; 148(85.1%) males and 26(14.9%) females with overall mean age 54.4±12.1 years. The delays were associated with male gender, education level and employment status (p<0.05). Factors contributing to 1st delay included lack of cardiac symptom awareness 77(77%), belief in symptom resolution 38(38%), attributing symptoms to gastric issues 30(30%), and dependency 14(14%). Transportation issues 4(66.7%), indirect commutation 3(50%) and distance 82(47.1%) caused the 2nd delay, while improper referrals 2(50%) and decision delays of more than an hour 1(25%) were common in the 3rd delay. Moreover, 150(86.2%) experienced in-hospital complications, and 88(50.6%) encountered both pre- and post-percutaneous coronary intervention complications (p=0.01).
Conclusions: Pre-hospital and post-hospital delaying factors had an impact on ST elevation myocardial infarction complications, highlighting the need for improved patient education on recognising cardiac symptoms and seeking timely medical attention to reduce ST elevation myocardial infarction complications.
Key Words: Delay factors, ST elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI, Percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI, three delay model, Myocardial infraction complications.