bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interrelations between enhanced emotional intelligence, leadership self-efficacy and task-oriented leadership behaviour–a leadership coaching study
Authors: Halliwell Peter , Mitchell Rebecca , Boyle Brendan
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate interrelations between enhanced emotional intelligence, leadership self-efficacy and task-oriented leadership behaviour following participation in leadership coaching.

Design/methodology/approach

Organisational leaders (coachees) (N = 70) and their subordinates (N = 175) completed online questionnaires pre- and post-coaching. To account for pre-coaching scores, construct latent change scores were assessed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

Results indicate a positive association between enhanced emotional intelligence and leadership self-efficacy, however, little support was found for leadership self-efficacy as a mediator explaining an association between enhanced emotional intelligence and task-oriented leadership behaviour.

Practical implications

Organisations aiming to improve leader performance through enhancing emotional intelligence and leadership self-efficacy may find value in leadership coaching due to the intervention's positive effect on these constructs, and the positive association observed between developmental changes in these constructs.

Originality/value

Research on the interrelation between emotional intelligence and leadership self-efficacy is scarce. This study extends the literature by investigating the interrelation between developmental changes between these constructs brought about by leadership coaching using latent change scores and PLS-SEM. The study also assesses whether enhanced leadership self-efficacy mediates an association between enhanced emotional intelligence and task-oriented leadership behaviour building on the literature explaining coaching's effect mechanisms.
Prediction of load requirement and instabilities during end forming of friction stir processed AA 6063-T6 thin-walled tubes
Authors: Agrawal Arvind K. , Narayanan R. Ganesh
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The current work aims to propose a finite element (FE) simulation methodology to predict the formability of friction stir processed (FSPed) tubes by end forming. Moreover, a strain mapping method is also presented to predict the end forming instabilities.

Design/methodology/approach

In this work, FE simulation of end forming of raw tubes and FSPed AA6063-T6 tubes are done using Abaqus (explicit) incorporating anisotropic properties of the raw tube and FSPed zone. Actual thickness of the FSPed zone is also implemented. Expansion, reduction and beading are the end forming operations considered. Load requirement and instabilities are predicted. A new method “strain mapping method” is followed to predict the failure instabilities in expansion and beading, while during reduction, wrinkling is predicted by FE simulations. Lab scale experiments on FSP and end forming are done for validation at various rotational speeds.

Findings

Results reveal that in the case of expansion and reduction of FSPed tubes, forming load predictions are accurate, while in beading, after initiation of bead, predictions are not accurate. Experimental observation on the type of instability is consistently predicted during numerical simulations. Prediction of displacement at failure by strain mapping method is encouraging in most of the cases including those that are FSPed. Hence, it is suggested that the method can be utilized to evaluate the onset of failure during tube expansion and beading.

Originality/value

FE simulation methodology including anisotropic properties of raw tube and FSPed tubes is proposed, which is not attempted until now even for normal tubes. Strain mapping method is easy to implement for instability predictions, which is done usually by failure theories and forming limit diagram.
Pregnancies in women with Turner syndrome: a retrospective multicentre UK study
Authors: Cauldwell M , Steer PJ , Adamson D , Alexander C , Allen L , Bhagra C , Bolger A , Bonner S , Calanchini M , Carroll A , Casey R , Curtis S , Head C , English K , Hudsmith L , James R , Joy E , Keating N , MacKiliop L , McAuliffe F , Morris RK , Mohan A , Von Klemperer K , Kaler M , Rees DA , Shetty A , Siddiqui F , Simpson L , Stocker L , Timmons P , Vause S , Turner HE
Published: November 2021

Objective

To determine the characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome.

Design

Retrospective 20‐year cohort study (2000–20).

Setting

Sixteen tertiary referral maternity units in the UK.

Population or sample

A total of 81 women with Turner syndrome who became pregnant.

Methods

Retrospective chart analysis.

Main outcome measures

Mode of conception, pregnancy outcomes.

Results

We obtained data on 127 pregnancies in 81 women with a Turner phenotype. All non‐spontaneous pregnancies (54/127; 42.5%) were by egg donation. Only 9/31 (29%) pregnancies in women with karyotype 45,X were spontaneous, compared with 53/66 (80.3%) pregnancies in women with mosaic karyotype 45,X/46,XX (P < 0.0001). Women with mosaic karyotype 45,X/46,XX were younger at first pregnancy by 5.5–8.5 years compared with other Turner syndrome karyotype groups (P < 0.001), and more likely to have a spontaneous menarche (75.8% versus 50% or less, P = 0.008). There were 17 miscarriages, three terminations of pregnancy, two stillbirths and 105 live births. Two women had aortic dissection (2.5%); both were 45,X karyotype with bicuspid aortic valves and ovum donation pregnancies, one died. Another woman had an aortic root replacement within 6 months of delivery. Ten of 106 (9.4%) births with gestational age data were preterm and 22/96 (22.9%) singleton infants with birthweight/gestational age data weighed less than the tenth centile. The caesarean section rate was 72/107 (67.3%). In only 73/127 (57.4%) pregnancies was there documentation of cardiovascular imaging within the 24 months before conceiving.

Conclusions

Pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome is associated with major maternal cardiovascular risks; these women deserve thorough cardiovascular assessment and counselling before assisted or spontaneous pregnancy managed by a specialist team.

Tweetable abstract

Pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome is associated with an increased risk of aortic dissection.
Applying posterior probability informed thresholds to traditional cranial trait sex estimation methods
Authors: Avent Patricia R. , Hughes Cris E. , Garvin Heather M.
Published: November 2021

Sex estimation methods using traditional cranial nonmetric traits utilize predictive models to produce a final sex estimation, using the resulting model's score to classify the individual. When sex estimations are assigned from discriminant scoring alone, statistical confidence in the resultant estimate is not always assessed or reported. Although some forensic anthropologists may qualitatively report their confidence in the assessment (e.g., “probable male”), these statements are subjective, not standardized, and not necessarily based on statistical results in a uniform way. The goals of this study were to evaluate how posterior probability‐informed thresholds (PPITs) impacted accuracy rates, assess the balance between sample inclusion and accuracy for the proposed PPIT approach, and make recommendations for the use and interpretation of specific thresholds in casework. Using a sample of U.S. Black and White females and males (n = 292), we examined how PPITs can standardize the decision‐making process of inferring sex for two methods using nonmetric cranial traits. We found that using PPITs of at least 0.85 increased accuracy (over 92% for some PPITs) yet remained highly inclusive of the sample. PPITs < 0.75 did not produce classification accuracy rates significantly higher than chance, and when using these cranial trait sex estimation methods, cases with posterior probabilities (PPs) <0.75 should be reported as “indeterminate.” The 0.75–0.84 PPIT interval had an accuracy rate of 76%, which was both statistically significantly different from chance as well as from the higher (>0.85) groups, suggesting that although sex estimation at this level may be acceptable, the results hold lower confidence.
A rodent anchored hybrid enrichment probe set for a range of phylogenetic utility: From order to species
Authors: Bangs Max R. , Steppan Scott J.
Published: November 2021

Rodents are the largest order of mammals and contain several model organisms important to scientific research in a variety of fields, yet no large set of genomic markers have been designed for this group to date, hindering evolutionary studies into relationships of the group as a whole. Here we present a genomic probe set designed and optimized for rodents with a protocol that is easy to replicate with little laboratory investment. This design utilizes an anchored hybrid enrichment approach specifically targeting rodents to generate longer loci with a higher substitution rate than existing vertebrate probes to provide utility at various taxonomic levels. Using a test set of rodents from all five suborders, we successfully obtained alignments for 416 of the 418 target loci with an average of 1379 bp per locus and a total alignment of more than half a million base pairs. This genomic data set performed well in all phylogenetic analyses, especially in recent phylogenetic splits, with ample parsimony‐informative sites within genera and even within species, showing more than four times as many single nucleotide polymorphisms per locus than a recent vertebrate ultraconserved elements study. Additional support is provided in resolving deeper clades in Rodentia. By providing this probe design, we hope that more laboratories can easily generate data for answering questions in rodents from species delimitation to understanding relationships among families in rapid radiations.
Chromosome‐level genome and population genomic analysis provide insights into the evolution and environmental adaptation of Jinjiang oysterCrassostrea ariakensis
Authors: Wu Biao , Chen Xi , Yu Mengjun , Ren Jianfeng , Hu Jie , Shao Changwei , Zhou Liqing , Sun Xiujun , Yu Tao , Zheng Yanxin , Wang Yan , Wang Zhenyuan , Zhang He , Fan Guangyi , Liu Zhihong
Published: November 2021

The Jinjiang oysterCrassostrea ariakensis, naturally distributing in estuarine regions with low salinity, is an important economic and ecological species in China. However, studies on its genomics and population genetics remain lacking. Here, we assembled the chromosome‐level genome of a femaleC. ariakensisand re‐sequenced 261 individuals from five locations in China representing three typical habitats. TheC. ariakensisgenome was 662.9 Mb with contig N50 length of 5.9 Mb using PacBio HiFi‐CCS long reads, and 99.83% sequences were anchored onto 10 pseudochromosomes using Hi‐C data. A total of 26,354 protein‐coding genes were predicted. We identified three significantly expanded gene families which are closely associated with osmotic pressure regulation, includingCDO,SLC13andSDR. Population structure analysis revealed that theC. ariakensisfrom five locations were clustered into three typical groups (northern, southern and Shanghai) (K = 3) and their phylogenetic relationship was consistently correlated to their geographical distribution. Furtherly, the differentiation between northern and southern groups was clearly demonstrated by estimated population differentiation coefficient (FST = 0.1154), and the PSMC distribution showed the two groups of effective population size separated at 0.1 Ma. Meanwhile gene flow from southern to Shanghai was detected. Selective sweep analysis between northern and southern group detected genes associated with heat response and salinity adaptation. This study could provide valuable genomic resources and information for further research on the molecular evolution, genetic breeding, biological function and evolutionary adaptation ofC. ariakensis.
phenopype: A phenotyping pipeline for Python
Authors: Lürig Moritz D.
Published: November 2021

Digital images are an intuitive way to capture, store and analyse organismal phenotypes. Many biologists are taking images to collect high‐dimensional phenotypic information from specimens to investigate complex ecological, evolutionary and developmental phenomena, such as relationships between trait diversity and ecosystem function, multivariate natural selection or developmental plasticity. As a consequence, images are being collected at ever‐increasing rates, but extraction of the contained phenotypic information poses a veritable analytical bottleneck.

phenopype is a high‐throughput phenotyping pipeline for the programming language Python that aims at alleviating this bottleneck. The package facilitates immediate extraction of high‐dimensional phenotypic data from digital images with low levels of background noise and complexity. At the core, phenopype provides functions for rapid signal processing‐based image preprocessing and segmentation, data extraction, as well as visualization and data export. This functionality is provided by wrapping low‐level computer vision libraries (such as OpenCV) into accessible functions to facilitate scientific image analysis. In addition, phenopype provides a project management ecosystem to streamline data collection and to increase reproducibility.

phenopype offers two different workflows that support users during different stages of scientific image analysis. The low‐throughput workflow uses regular Python syntax and has greater flexibility at the cost of reproducibility, which is suitable for prototyping during the initial stages of a research project. The high‐throughput workflow allows users to specify and store image‐specific settings for analysis in human‐readable YAML format, and then execute all functions in one step by means of an interactive parser. This approach facilitates rapid program‐user interactions during batch processing, and greatly increases scientific reproducibility.

Overall, phenopype intends to make the features of powerful but technically involved low‐level CV libraries available to biologists with little or no Python coding experience. Therefore, phenopype is aiming to augment, rather than replace the utility of existing Python CV libraries, allowing biologists to focus on rapid and reproducible data collection. Furthermore, image annotations produced by phenopype can be used as training data, thus presenting a stepping stone towards the application of deep learning architectures.
α‐Synuclein antisense transcript SNCA‐AS1 regulates synapses‐ and aging‐related genes suggesting its implication in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rey Federica , Pandini Cecilia , Messa Letizia , Launi Rossella , Barzaghini Bianca , Zangaglia Roberta , Raimondi Manuela Teresa , Gagliardi Stella , Cereda Cristina , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Carelli Stephana
Published: November 2021

SNCA protein product, α‐synuclein, is widely renowned for its role in synaptogenesis and implication in both aging and Parkinson's disease (PD), but research efforts are still needed to elucidate its physiological functions and mechanisms of regulation. In this work, we aim to characterize SNCA‐AS1, antisense transcript to the SNCA gene, and its implications in cellular processes. The overexpression of SNCA‐AS1 upregulates both SNCA and α‐synuclein and, through RNA‐sequencing analysis, we investigated the transcriptomic changes of which both genes are responsible. We highlight how they impact neurites' extension and synapses' biology, through specific molecular signatures. We report a reduced expression of markers associated with synaptic plasticity, and we specifically focus on GABAergic and dopaminergic synapses, for their relevance in aging processes and PD, respectively. A reduction in SNCA‐AS1 expression leads to the opposite effect. As part of this signature is co‐regulated by the two genes, we discriminate between functions elicited by genes specifically altered by SNCA‐AS1 or SNCA's overexpression, observing a relevant role for SNCA‐AS1 in synaptogenesis through a shared molecular signature with SNCA. We also highlight how numerous deregulated pathways are implicated in aging‐related processes, suggesting that SNCA‐AS1 could be a key player in cellular senescence, with implications for aging‐related diseases. Indeed, the upregulation of SNCA‐AS1 leads to alterations in numerous PD‐specific genes, with an impact highly comparable to that of SNCA's upregulation. Our results show that SNCA‐AS1 elicits its cellular functions through the regulation of SNCA, with a specific modulation of synaptogenesis and senescence, presenting implications in PD.
Mitochondrial aconitase 1 regulates age‐related memory impairment via autophagy/mitophagy‐mediated neural plasticity in middle‐aged flies
Authors: Cho Yun‐Ho , Kim Gye‐Hyeong , Park Joong‐Jean
Published: November 2021

Age‐related memory impairment (AMI) occurs in many species, including humans. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In wild‐type Drosophila (w1118), AMI appears in the form of a decrease in learning (3‐min memory) from middle age (30 days after eclosion [DAE]). We performed in vivo, DNA microarray, and behavioral screen studies to identify genes controlling both lifespan and AMI and selected mitochondrial Acon1 (mAcon1). mAcon1 expression in the head of w1118 decreased with age. Neuronal overexpression of mAcon1 extended its lifespan and improved AMI. Neuronal or mushroom body expression of mAcon1 regulated the learning of young (10 DAE) and middle‐aged flies. Interestingly, acetyl‐CoA and citrate levels increased in the heads of middle‐aged and neuronal mAcon1 knockdown flies. Acetyl‐CoA, as a cellular energy sensor, is related to autophagy. Autophagy activity and efficacy determined by the positive and negative changes in the expression levels of Atg8a‐II and p62 were proportional to the expression level of mAcon1. Levels of the presynaptic active zone scaffold protein Bruchpilot were inversely proportional to neuronal mAcon1 levels in the whole brain. Furthermore, mAcon1 overexpression in Kenyon cells induced mitophagy labeled with mt‐Keima and improved learning ability. Both processes were blocked by pink1 knockdown. Taken together, our results imply that the regulation of learning and AMI by mAcon1 occurs via autophagy/mitophagy‐mediated neural plasticity.
Revenue diversification and municipally owned companies’ role in shaping the debt of municipalities
Authors: Białek‐Jaworska Anna
Published: November 2021

We aim to identify the role of revenue diversification and the municipally owned companies’ financial flexibility in shaping the short‐term and the long‐term debt of municipalities in Poland and this debt's repayments. To reflect the impact of this agency relationship on the municipalities’ debt, we consider explanatory variables from two sectors: public and corporate finance. We merge data retrieved from the Local Data Bank, the financial and budget statements of municipalities, and the municipally owned companies’ financial and ownership data from the ORBIS database. We use the ordinary least squares method for cross‐sectional data and the ordinal logit model to estimate a firm's unused debt capacity. We show that a municipally owned company's leverage extends the long‐term debt capacity of municipalities via off‐balance sheet financing. The municipally owned companies’ financial flexibility helps municipalities increase their revenue diversification and shape their debt to cover capital spending despite limited fiscal autonomy under fiscal debt constraints. Unlike revenue diversification in the USA, revenue diversification in Poland does not allow Polish municipalities to reduce short‐term debt. We contribute to the literature by exploring the role of the municipally owned companies’ financial flexibility (leverage and unused debt capacity) in shaping a municipality's debt capacity.
Intended and unintended effects of specialized regulation on microfinance institutions’ double‐bottom line management
Authors: Bellazzecca Enrico , Biosca Olga
Published: November 2021

Taking advantage of the passage of a microfinance law in Italy (2014), we explore the rationales for introducing microfinance‐specific regulation in high‐income welfare states and the potential effects that this process may have on MFIs’ social and financial performances (i.e. double bottom line). Our findings suggest that the institutional transformation of MFIs, in addition to product design and target group required by the new regulation, has unintendedly shifted their balance in favor of financial over social performance. This mainly applies to non‐profit organizations and cooperatives. Microfinance‐specific regulation in high‐income welfare states may reflect the emerging trends of market‐based rationality of public policy. When regulatory arrangements for MFIs are stipulated irrespectively of MFIs’ original mission the structural causes of financial exclusion may be reinforced. The underlying rationales for this trade‐off should be considered to prevent and mitigate the unintended effects of microfinance‐specific regulation.
Phytosociological survey of the desert vegetation of Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Hatim Mohamed Z. , Janssen John A. M. , Pätsch Ricarda , Shaltout Kamal , Schaminée Joop H. J.
Published: November 2021

Aims

Although Sinai is a global hotspot for desert vegetation, there is no well‐documented overview of the Sinai vegetation. We aim to provide a phytosociological overview of Sinai desert vegetation based on an extensive database and formal classification. We further aim to describe the vegetation communities and provide information on their distribution.

Location

Sinai, Egypt.

Methods

We built a comprehensive database utilizing all available vegetation plot data of the study area from published literature and our field surveys. We determined the database clustering tendency (Hopkins’ test analysis) and estimated its optimal number of clusters (Elbow method). We performed a cluster analysis (modified TWINSPAN) and improved the validity of the resulting groups by approximating natural clustering using the Silhouette algorithm. We visualized the results by calculating Non‐metric Multidimensional Scaling and drawing distribution maps for the observed vegetation communities.

Results

We distinguished nine classes representing Sinai desert vegetation: Salicornietea fruticosae, Retametea raetam, Haloxylonetea salicornici, Retamo‐Tamaricetea fluviatilis, Acacietea tortilis, Artemisietea herbae‐albae, Anabasietea articulatae, Chiliadenetea iphionoidis, and Stellarietea mediae. We distinguished 25 vegetation groups, of which seven are new findings, representing four main vegetation groups: salt desert, lowland desert, mountain desert, and ruderal desert. We observed a high diversity in life forms, chorotypes, and alpha‐diversity of the vegetation among the main groups. Therophytes, chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes, and phanerophytes are the dominant life forms. Prevailing chorotypes are Saharo‐Arabian, Mediterranean, Mediterranean‐Irano‐Turanian and Irano‐Turanian‐Saharo‐Arabian. The salt desert and lowland desert vegetation are species‐poor, whereas the mountain desert vegetation is relatively species‐rich. The ruderal desert vegetation is the most species‐rich.

Conclusion

We present a common classification of Sinai desert vegetation based on cutting‐edge methods and provide an updated description of the desert vegetation groups of Sinai. Our study forms an important basis for decision‐making in nature conservation, global change issues, and further in‐depth studies on Sinai vegetation.
Characterization of drug–drug interactions on the pharmacokinetic disposition of busulfan in paediatric patients during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning
Authors: Dunn Allison , Moffett Brady S. , Ivaturi Vijay , Gobburu Jogarao V. S.
Published: November 2021

Aim

The study objective was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for busulfan to comprehensively examine drug–drug interactions in paediatric patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Currently, there is limited evidence to substantiate potential drug–drug interactions with busulfan.

Methods

This retrospective study population was comprised of 250 patients receiving, on average, 0.8 mg/kg intravenous busulfan as pretreatment. All model analyses were conducted using nonlinear mixed effects modelling in Pumas v2.0. The metabolic pathways of primary interest were glutathione conjugation and cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity. Concomitant medications were categorized as CYP inhibitors, inducers or glutathione S‐transferase depleters, and included in the model as conditional covariates. A bootstrap simulation and visual predictive check were conducted to qualify the final model.

Results

The final 1‐compartment model incorporates covariates of weight and age in relation to their effects on both total body clearance and volume of distribution. The estimated typical values of clearance and volume were 1.138 L/h (CI: 1.095–1.179 L/h) and 3.527 L (CI: 3.418–3.621 L), respectively. No significant changes in clearance were observed when medications that alter proposed hepatic and metabolic pathways of busulfan were coadministered.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest single centre study of busulfan in children and the first to quantify the maturation effect of both clearance and volume. This study could not demonstrate a difference in busulfan clearance when comparing patients who received medications that alter the glutathione S‐transferase, CYP3A4 or CYP2C9 pathway to those who did not.
The impact of B Corp certification on financial stability: Evidence from a multi‐country sample
Authors: Patel Pankaj C. , Dahlin Peter
Published: November 2021

B Corps are firms certified by the non‐profit B Lab for pursuing both economic and non‐economic goals. Whether B Corps realize a higher financial performance has met mixed evidence. Drawing on the stability‐change framework, we ask whether B Corp certification is associated with the level and volatility of financial performance. Also, expecting a greater focus on non‐economic activities after certification, equity ratio may decline as shareholders may question the increased non‐economic focus. Using nearest neighbor propensity score matched pair method, we draw on a multi‐country sample of 355 B Corps and 623 non‐B Corps. Our findings are not encouraging. B Corp certification does not provide financial gains nor financial stability, and equity ratio declines and becomes more volatile following certification. Our findings paint a gloomy picture of limited economic benefits and declining participation of equity holders following B Corp certification.
Evaluating the USA population’s interest in sunscreen: a Google Trends analysis
Authors: Maghfour J. , Boothby-Shoemaker W. , Lim H. W.
Published: November 2021

The use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen remains an essential aspect of photoprotection. The environmental and health impacts attributed to certain ultraviolet filters have resulted in public confusion. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore public interest in sunscreen searches using Google Trends.
Rapid response to abatacept in treatment-resistant pansclerotic morphoea
Authors: Attard M. , O’Kane D.
Published: November 2021

Morphoea is a spectrum of disorders characterized by inflammation and sclerosis of the skin and potentially underlying tissues. There are no specific licensed treatments for morphoea and prospective studies on commonly used therapies are lacking. We describe a case of progressive, recalcitrant pansclerotic morphoea with a rapid response to abatacept.
Immediately loaded implants simultaneously placed in fresh extraction and healed sites supporting four‐implant‐supported fixed mandibular prostheses using the all‐on‐4 concept: A 5‐year prospective study
Authors: Krennmair Stefan , Malek Michael , Forstner Thomas , Krennmair Gerald , Stimmelmayr Michael , Hunger Stefan
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the peri‐implant marginal bone level for immediately loaded implants placed simultaneously in both fresh extraction sites (FES) and healed sites (HS) supporting a 4‐implant supported mandibular fixed prosthesis (4‐ISFMP) using the all‐on‐4 concept.

Material and Methods

A 5‐year prospective study was conducted in 24 patients (96 implants) treated with 4‐ISFMP including 55 implants inserted in FES and 41 implants in HS. At implant placement (baseline) and at the 1st‐, 3rd‐ and 5th‐year follow‐up examinations, peri‐implant marginal bone level was evaluated radiographically and compared between placement in FES and HS. Marginal bone loss was calculated as the difference in the marginal bone level evaluated at the follow‐up periods. Additionally, implant and prosthesis survival rates as well as the presence of peri‐implant mucositis (bleeding on probing+[BOP]) and peri‐implantitis (BOP+ >2 mm MBL) were evaluated.

Results

22/24 patients with 88/96 implants (dropout rate: 8.3%) were continually followed for 5 years (survival rate: 100%). Radiographically measured marginal bone level differed significantly between FES and HS at implant placement (1.46 ± 0.80 mm vs. 0.60 ± 0.70 mm; p < .001), at the 1‐year (−0.04 ± 0.14 mm vs. −0.18 ± 0.20 mm; p = .002) and 3‐year (−0.26 ± 0.49 mm vs. −0.58 ± 0.48 mm, p = .049), but not at the 5‐year evaluation (−0.90 ± 0.66 mm vs. −1.00 ± 0.59 mm, p = .361). The marginal bone loss differed significantly (p < .001) between FES and HS between implant placement and the 1‐year evaluation but not for the 1‐ to 3‐year (p > .99) and the 3‐ to 5‐year period (p = .082). At the 5‐year follow‐up evaluation, no implant/prosthesis failed (100% survival) and peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis were noted in 41.2% and 11.7% at patient level and in 17.6% and 4.5% at implant level respectively.

Conclusion

Implants placed in FES showed a prolonged peri‐implant remodelling process but provided for similar peri‐implant marginal bone levels as implants placed in HS at the 5‐year evaluation for immediately loaded 4‐ISFMP.
A systematic evidence map of conservation knowledge in Chilean Patagonia
Authors: Martínez‐Harms María José , Armesto Juan J. , Castilla Juan Carlos , Astorga Anna , Aylwin José , Buschmann Alejandro H. , Castro Victoria , Daneri Giovanni , Fernández Miriam , Fuentes‐Castillo Taryn , Gelcich Stefan , González Humberto E. , Hucke‐Gaete Rodrigo , Marquet Pablo A. , Morello Flavia , Nahuelhual Laura , Pliscoff Patricio , Reid Brian , Rozzi Ricardo , Guala Cesar , Tecklin David
Published: November 2021

Mechanisms that reliably and efficiently guide practitioners to find relevant evidence are urgent for conservation decision‐making in Chilean Patagonia. The objective of this study was to systematically collect, characterize, and synthesize the extensive evidence about conservation knowledge in Chilean Patagonia focusing on the impacts of global change drivers on ecosystems and human–nature relationships, identifying knowledge gaps, and providing policy recommendations. The quality of the evidence was assessed through a predefined level‐of‐evidence hierarchy scale, applied to a sample of the studies reviewed. We compiled ~1000 studies documenting that evidence focusing on terrestrial and marine ecosystems has grown exponentially. For terrestrial ecosystems, most studies have addressed climate change, habitat change, and invasive species; while for marine ecosystems, studies have focused on pollution, invasive species, and habitat change. We identified that an important gap is the study of the social dimensions of conservation, and future efforts should focus on incorporating traditional and local knowledge as this can help point the way to ecosystem conservation. The appraisal of the quality of the evidence showed that ~80% of the sample represented reliable evidence with underlying data and an experimental design. Enhanced efforts to deliver this evidence to decision‐makers in a user‐friendly format for evidence uptake in conservation policy are urgent. In this review, we provide a tool that can help practitioners to find evidence reliably to improve decision‐making for the conservation of ecosystems in Chilean Patagonia.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON MARY YOUNG AND CAROLINE NORTON, ILLUSTRATORS OF MADEIRAN PLANTS FOR CURTIS'S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE IN THE 19th CENTURY
Authors: Mesquita Sandra , Castel‐Branco Cristina , Menezes de Sequeira Miguel
Published: November 2021

In 1834 and 1835, ten plates based on illustrations by ‘Miss Young’ and the ‘Hon. Miss Norton’ were published in Curtis's Botanical Magazine to illustrate texts prepared by Richard Thomas Lowe and sent through his friend William Jackson Hooker. Mary Young is listed in the Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists Including plant collectors, flower painters and garden designers, for this contribution and the illustrations in Lowe's History of Fishes of Madeira, as ‘companion to Miss Norton’. No other contributions of these illustrators are mentioned, and little is known about them. Here we present more information concerning these two illustrators and their part in Lowe's work on the flora and fish fauna of Madeira.
Obtaining consistent time series from Google Trends
Authors: Eichenauer Vera Z. , Indergand Ronald , Martínez Isabel Z. , Sax Christoph
Published: November 2021

Google Trends data are a popular data source for research, but raw data are frequency‐inconsistent: daily data fail to capture long‐run trends. This issue has gone unnoticed in the literature. In addition, sampling noise can be substantial. We develop a procedure (available in an R‐package), which solves both issues at once. We apply this procedure to construct long‐run, frequency‐consistent daily economic indices for three German‐speaking countries. The resulting indices are significantly correlated with traditional leading economic indicators while being available in real time. We discuss potential applications across disciplines and spanning well beyond business cycle analysis.
Chinese import competition, offshoring and servitization
Authors: Gu Grace , Malik Samreen , Pozzoli Dario , Rocha Vera
Published: November 2021

We study how domestic firms adapt to increased import competition from China. Using a Danish employer‐employee matched dataset covering firms over the 1995–2007 period, we find that import competition significantly increases manufacturing firms' expansion of their business activities in the service industry (partial servitization); their probability of offshoring production activities abroad and of exiting the market. Import competition, however, does not induce firms to cease all of their involvement in manufacturing production by completely switching into service sector (complete servitization). These findings are confirmed using various robustness tests as well as an analogous analysis of a Portuguese employer‐employee matched dataset.
Current status and role of antiphospholipid antibody testing in cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Yang Wookjin , Kang Min Kyoung , Ha Sue Young , Kang Dong‐Wan , Bae Jeonghoon , Lee Eung‐Joon , Jeong Han‐Yeong , Kim Jeong‐Min , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Lee Seung‐Hoon
Published: November 2021

Background and purpose

Although it is not recognized as essential to test for antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) in stroke of unknown cause, aPL‐related stroke may account for a considerable number of cryptogenic strokes. We aimed to assess the current status and diagnostic value of aPL testing in cryptogenic stroke patients.

Methods

Consecutive patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke were examined to confirm the factors associated with performing aPL testing and with positive aPL test results in real‐world practice. Cryptogenic stroke patients were separately examined in the same manner. The antibody profiles of cryptogenic stroke patients with aPL positivity were compared by age.

Results

Among 2947 patients, 606 (20.6%) were tested for aPLs and 129 (21.3%) were positive. Physicians tended to perform aPL testing in patients aged <50 years and in cryptogenic stroke patients. Cryptogenic stroke was a strong predictor of positive aPL results (adjusted odds ratio 3.70, 95% confidence interval 2.38–5.76). However, aPL positivity did not differ by age in stroke patients. Among 283 cryptogenic stroke patients, 136 (48.1%) were tested for aPLs and 56 (41.2%) were positive. aPL tests were performed predominantly in patients aged <50 years rather than in older patients, even among cryptogenic stroke patients. The two age groups had similar positivity rates of >40% (<50 years: 43.2%; ≥50 years: 40.4%; p = 0.92) and their antibody profiles were similar.

Conclusions

A significant number of patients with cryptogenic stroke had positive aPL results regardless of age. aPL testing may offer additional diagnostic opportunities in cryptogenic stroke patients, and thus may reduce the incidence of cryptogenic stroke.
Coparenting communication and hybrid masculinity in a fatherhood program
Authors: Hammock Amy C. , McKillop Alexander Jack , Hayward R. Anna , Kohli Ekta , Bessaha Melissa L.
Published: November 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine how involvement in a responsible fatherhood program affected participants' perceptions of masculinity and coparenting communication.

Background

Responsible fatherhood programs emphasize the importance of being a nurturing and emotionally expressive father, challenging norms of hegemonic masculinity. This study examined how fathers described this hybrid masculinity and its impact on coparenting communication.

Method

Thematic analysis of 37 semistructured in‐depth interviews with a racially diverse sample of men enrolled in a responsible fatherhood program was conducted. Multiple investigators, researcher reflexivity, and an audit trail enhanced credibility, transferability, and dependability of the findings.

Results

Fathers reported three types of communication with the mothers of their child(ren): confrontation, detachment, and engaged perspective‐taking. The latter approaches were learned in the fatherhood program. Fathers described several beliefs and skills affecting these approaches, including the importance of fatherhood, modeling effective communication, controlling one's emotions, and listening and speaking respectfully.

Conclusion

Participation in the fatherhood program was useful in deescalating negative interactions and improving communication; however, beliefs about essential gender differences permeated participants' narratives.

Implications

Future programming for fathers should include curricula and peer mentoring to challenge norms of traditional masculinity and encourage multiple forms of egalitarian coparenting communication.
Cell glycosaminoglycans content modulates human voltage‐gated proton channel (HV1) gating
Authors: Orts Diego J. B. , Arcisio‐Miranda Manoel
Published: November 2021

Voltage‐gated proton channels (HV1) have been found in many mammalian cells and play a crucial role in the immune system, male fertility, and cancer progression. Glycosaminoglycans play a significant role in various aspects of cell physiology, including the modulation of membrane receptors and ion channel function. We present here evidence that mechanosensitivity of the dimeric HV1 channel transduce changes on cell membrane fluidity related to the defective biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO‐745) cells into a leftward shift in the activation voltage dependence. This effect was accompanied by an increase in the H+ current, and an acceleration of the activation kinetics, under symmetrical or asymmetrical pH gradient (ΔpH) conditions. Similar gating alterations were evoked by two naturally occurring HV1 N‐terminal truncated isoforms expressed in wild‐type CHO‐K1 and CHO‐745 cells. On three different monomeric HV1 constructs, no alterations in the biophysical parameters were observed. Moreover, we have shown that HV1 gating can be modulated by manipulating CHO‐K1 cell membrane fluidity. Our results suggest that the defective biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate on CHO‐745 cell increases membrane fluidity and allosterically modulates the coupling between voltage‐ and ΔpH‐sensing through the dimeric HV1 channel.
A remote sensing‐based three‐source energy balance model to improve global estimations of evapotranspiration in semi‐arid tree‐grass ecosystems
Authors: Burchard‐Levine Vicente , Nieto Héctor , Riaño David , Kustas Wiliam P. , Migliavacca Mirco , El‐Madany Tarek S. , Nelson Jacob A. , Andreu Ana , Carrara Arnaud , Beringer Jason , Baldocchi Dennis , Martín M. Pilar
Published: November 2021

It is well documented that energy balance and other remote sensing‐based evapotranspiration (ET) models face greater uncertainty over water‐limited tree‐grass ecosystems (TGEs), representing nearly 1/6th of the global land surface. Their dual vegetation strata, the grass‐dominated understory and tree‐dominated overstory, make for distinct structural, physiological and phenological characteristics, which challenge models compared to more homogeneous and energy‐limited ecosystems. Along with this, the contribution of grasses and trees to total transpiration (T), along with their different climatic drivers, is still largely unknown nor quantified in TGEs. This study proposes a thermal‐based three‐source energy balance (3SEB) model, accommodating an additional vegetation source within the well‐known two‐source energy balance (TSEB) model. The model was implemented at both tower and continental scales using eddy‐covariance (EC) TGE sites, with variable tree canopy cover and rainfall (P) regimes and Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) images. 3SEB robustly simulated latent heat (LE) and related energy fluxes in all sites (Tower: LE RMSD ~60 W/m2; MSG: LE RMSD ~90 W/m2), improving over both TSEB and seasonally changing TSEB (TSEB‐2S) models. In addition, 3SEB inherently partitions water fluxes between the tree, grass and soil sources. The modelled T correlated well with EC T estimates (r > .76), derived from a machine learning ET partitioning method. The T/ET was found positively related to both P and leaf area index, especially compared to the decomposed grass understory T/ET. However, trees and grasses had contrasting relations with respect to monthly P. These results demonstrate the importance in decomposing total ET into the different vegetation sources, as they have distinct climatic drivers, and hence, different relations to seasonal water availability. These promising results improved ET and energy flux estimations over complex TGEs, which may contribute to enhance global drought monitoring and understanding, and their responses to climate change feedbacks.
Vaccination in children with inherited bleeding disorders: Does the use of plasma an d factor affect the response to the vaccine: An institutional registry
Authors: Tasar Sercin , Tasar Medine Aysin , Alioglu Bulent
Published: November 2021

Introduction

We aimed to evaluate the vaccine seroconversion of paediatric patients with factor deficiency and to complete the missing vaccines. We also emphasize the importance of variables such as recombinant factor and plasma intake frequency.

Material and methods

This prospective observational study includes children between 2 and 17 age diagnosed with inhered factor deficiency. Seroconversion of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, varicella, measles, rubella and mumps vaccines were screened according to Ministry of Health Vaccination Schedule, it was completed if there were seronegative vaccines and the vaccine seroconversion was examined after vaccination approximately 1–6 months.

Results

A total of 61 children were included in the study [mean age 11.2±5.1 years (2–18)], 49 (80.3%) were males. Factor VIII deficiency constituted 60.7%, factor XI 14.8%, factor VII 13.1 %, factor IX 9.8%, factor X 1.6% of the cases. None of the children had clinically important injection site complications such as uncontrollable bleeding or gross hematoma and vaccination does not induce the development of inhibitor. Measles antibody positivity was significantly lower in those who received factor 3 or 4 days times a week compared to those who received it when necessary (p = .049).

Discussion and conclusion

This is the first study evaluating the vaccine conversion patients with inherited factor deficiency receiving plasma and plasma derived factor concentrates. It should be considered that children with haemophilia and their families may have vaccination hesitancy; therefore, follow‐up of these patients should include a specified vaccination program to ensure adequate immunization of these patients.
Temperature drives variation in flying insect biomass across a German malaise trap network
Authors: Welti Ellen A. R. , Zajicek Petr , Frenzel Mark , Ayasse Manfred , Bornholdt Tim , Buse Jörn , Classen Alice , Dziock Frank , Engelmann Rolf A. , Englmeier Jana , Fellendorf Martin , Förschler Marc I. , Fricke Ute , Ganuza Cristina , Hippke Mathias , Hoenselaar Günter , Kaus‐Thiel Andrea , Kerner Janika , Kilian Daniela , Mandery Klaus , Marten Andreas , Monaghan Michael T. , Morkel Carsten , Müller Jörg , Puffpaff Stephanie , Redlich Sarah , Richter Ronny , Rojas‐Botero Sandra , Scharnweber Tobias , Scheiffarth Gregor , Yáñez Paul Schmidt , Schumann Rhena , Seibold Sebastian , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf , Stoll Stefan , Tobisch Cynthia , Twietmeyer Sönke , Uhler Johannes , Vogt Juliane , Weis Dirk , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Wilmking Martin , Haase Peter
Published: November 2021

Among the many concerns for biodiversity in the Anthropocene, recent reports of flying insect loss are particularly alarming, given their importance as pollinators, pest control agents, and as a food source. Few insect monitoring programmes cover the large spatial scales required to provide more generalizable estimates of insect responses to global change drivers.

We ask how climate and surrounding habitat affect flying insect biomass using data from the first year of a new monitoring network at 84 locations across Germany comprising a spatial gradient of land cover types from protected to urban and crop areas.

Flying insect biomass increased linearly with temperature across Germany. However, the effect of temperature on flying insect biomass flipped to negative in the hot months of June and July when local temperatures most exceeded long‐term averages.

Land cover explained little variation in insect biomass, but biomass was lowest in forests. Grasslands, pastures, and orchards harboured the highest insect biomass. The date of peak biomass was primarily driven by surrounding land cover, with grasslands especially having earlier insect biomass phenologies.

Standardised, large‐scale monitoring provides key insights into the underlying processes of insect decline and is pivotal for the development of climate‐adapted strategies to promote insect diversity. In a temperate climate region, we find that the positive effects of temperature on flying insect biomass diminish in a German summer at locations where temperatures most exceeded long‐term averages. Our results highlight the importance of local adaptation in climate change‐driven impacts on insect communities.