bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pre-calibration approach to select optimum inputs for hydrological models in data-scarce regions
Authors: Tarawneh Esraa , Bridge Jonathan , Macdonald Neil
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This study uses the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to quantitatively compare available input datasets in a data-poor dryland environment (Wala catchment, Jordan; 1743 km2). Eighteen scenarios combining best available land-use, soil and weather datasets (1979–2002) are considered to construct SWAT models. Data include local observations and global reanalysis data products. Uncalibrated model outputs assess the variability in model performance derived from input data sources only. Model performance against discharge and sediment load data are compared using r2, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error standard deviation ratio (RSR) and percent bias (PBIAS). NSE statistic varies from 0.56 to −12 and 0.79 to −85 for best- and poorest-performing scenarios against observed discharge and sediment data respectively. Global weather inputs yield considerable improvements on discontinuous local datasets, whilst local soil inputs perform considerably better than global-scale mapping. The methodology provides a rapid, transparent and transferable approach to aid selection of the most robust suite of input data.
Risk assessment of meteorological drought in China under RCP scenarios from 2016 to 2050
Authors: Li Kuo , Pan Jie
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Climate change has been a hotspot of scientific research in the world for decades, which caused serious effects of agriculture, water resources, ecosystem, environment, human health and so on. In China, drought accounts for almost 50 % of the total loss among all the meteorological disasters. In this article the interpolated and corrected precipitation of one GCM (HadGEM2-ES) output under four emission scenarios (RCP2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5) were used to analyze the drought. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) calculated with these data was used to assess the climate change impact on droughts from meteorological perspectives. Based on five levels of SPI, an integrated index of drought hazard (IIDH) was established, which could explain the frequency and intensity of meteorological drought in different regions. According to yearbooks of different provinces, 15 factors have been chosen which could represent the impact of drought on human being, crops, water resources and economy. Exposure index, sensitivity index and adaptation index have been calculated in almost 2400 counties and vulnerability of drought has been evaluated. Based on hazard and vulnerability evaluation of drought, risk assessment of drought in China under the RCP2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5 emission scenarios from 2016 to 2050 has been done. Results from such a comprehensive study over the whole country could be used not only to inform on potential impacts for specific sectors but also can be used to coordinate adaptation/mitigation strategies among different sectors/regions by the central government.
High-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection as a tool to image near-surface subrosion structures – a case study in Bad Frankenhausen, Germany
Authors: Wadas Sonja H. , Polom Ulrich , Krawczyk Charlotte M.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Subrosion is the subsurface leaching of soluble rocks that results in the formation of depression and collapse structures. This global phenomenon is a geohazard in urban areas. To study near-surface subrosion structures, four shear-wave seismic reflection profiles, with a total length of ca. 332 m, were carried out around the famous leaning church tower of Bad Frankenhausen in northern Thuringia, Germany, which shows an inclination of 4.93° from the vertical. Most of the geological underground of Thuringia is characterized by soluble Permian deposits, and the Kyffhäuser Southern Margin Fault is assumed to be a main pathway for water to leach the evaporite. The seismic profiles were acquired with the horizontal micro-vibrator ELVIS, developed at Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), and a 72 m long landstreamer equipped with 72 horizontal geophones. The high-resolution seismic sections show subrosion-induced structures to a depth of ca. 100 m and reveal five features associated with the leaching of Permian deposits: (1) lateral and vertical varying reflection patterns caused by strongly heterogeneous strata, (2) discontinuous reflectors, small offsets, and faults, which show the underground is heavily fractured, (3) formation of depression structures in the near-surface, (4) diffractions in the unmigrated seismic sections that indicate increased scattering of the seismic waves, and (5) varying seismic velocities and low-velocity zones that are presumably caused by fractures and upward-migrating cavities. A previously undiscovered southward-dipping listric normal fault was also found, to the north of the church. It probably serves as a pathway for water to leach the Permian formations below the church and causes the tilting of the church tower. This case study shows the potential of horizontal shear-wave seismic reflection to image near-surface subrosion structures in an urban environment with a horizontal resolution of less than 1 m in the uppermost 10–15 m.
Colonialismo, inconsciente político y cartografía cognitiva en el espacio del filme "Capitán Phillips"
Authors: González Pascual Alberto
Published: October 2016

El propósito de este artículo es describir mediante un análisis marxista del filme estadounidense CapitánPhillips (Paul Greengrass, 2013), basado en hechos reales, cómo la evolución del capitalismo sigueconsolidando en los países occidentales la creencia reificada en una superioridad histórica y geográficade su modelo político y socioeconómico con respecto a los modelos de los países menos desarrolladosde África y Asia. Al mismo tiempo, por medio de categorías como la dialéctica materialista, la revisióndel difusionismo y la aplicación de la cartografía cognitiva sobre grandes espacios geopolíticos localizadosen áreas pobres del mundo, se realiza una interpretación crítica sobre cómo se está articulandoactualmente el inconsciente político de la clase trabajadora. Por un lado, en los países ricos y, por otro,sobre cómo se está asentando en los países pobres, estableciéndose una relación entre la representaciónideologizada que adquiere un individuo de la realidad histórica en la que existe (en una escala quese mueve desde lo local hasta lo global), y la restricción de su capacidad cognitiva con el fin de evadirsea la hora de realizar una crítica profunda de lo que sucede en su entorno desde múltiples perspectivas.Finalmente, a través de los espacios físicos captados en el filme, se realiza una crítica materialista delproceso comercial mundializado que tiene lugar por medio del transporte marítimo de mercancías,perfilando espacial y cognitivamente los límites de la mentalidad de nuestra época, tanto entre los “ganadores”como entre los “perdedores”, en base al movimiento espacial del capital.
El cine informativo: ¿El arma más fuerte? La recepción de los noticiarios cinematográficos "Luce" durante el fascismo
Authors: Coronado Ruiz Carlota
Published: October 2016

El noticiario cinematográfico Luce fue uno de los principales instrumentos de propaganda del fascismo.Para Mussolini el cine era el arma más fuerte, sin embargo, la eficacia de la propaganda cinematográficasobre la población no fue según lo esperado, en especial la del cine de no ficción. Este artículopretende valorar, a través de testimonios de historia oral, cuál fue la influencia que tuvo el noticiariocinematográfico Luce en la población italiana durante el fascismo: qué grado de veracidad se concedióa la información cinematográfica, qué noticias fueron las más reiteradas, así como qué imagen se ofrecióde Italia, de su líder y hasta qué punto influyó en la mentalidad colectiva.
The Geographical Spreading of Banks in Jordan and Its Reflection on Economic Development: An Analytical Study for the Period 2014-2016
Authors: Abu-shkeerah Malek Mnary , Dagarah Arij Zaied , Almeri Mohammad Odeh , Saleh Mousa Mohammad
Published: October 2016

This study aims at pointing out and the Geographical Spreading of Banks in Jordan and its Reflection on Economic Development An Analytical Study For The Period 2014-2016 , the study specify the target society, which represent all the existing banks in used the following approaches to analyze the data in this research, which are historical, descriptive analytical, and comparative methods. Technically, the studies used excel application to generate and extract graphs, and GIS technology to draw maps.  The study found that banks spatially distributed unfairly between the provinces of Jordan, The study also showed that banks did not adopt clear criteria in branching and spreading of ATMs, except the Bank of Jordan.The study recommended directing the attention of researchers towards performing depth researches dealing with the consequences of banking concentration in specific provinces on the evolution and development of these provinces, and studying the concentration reflection in certain locations on the profitability of banks, and the number of customers in them.
Development: The Malaysian Experience
Authors: Soltani Fakhreddin , Jawan Jayum A. , Talib Ahmad Tarmizi
Published: October 2016

Politics in Malaysia is dominated by ethnic considerations; hence, the most critical challenge of development in the country has been the issue of national unity. The Malaysian government has attempted to include all ethnic groups in the process of development regardless of their ethnicity or religion especially since the ethnic riots of 1969. Therefore, the Malaysian government designed economic programs such as the New Economic Policy (NEP) and New Economic Model (NEM) to facilitate this process through state- oriented policies and also include all ethnic groups in the process of development. In fact, Malaysia has followed non-conventional theories of development because of the role of government in the development process. This article seeks to explain the ambitious grand programs of the Malaysian government and demonstrate how these programs have followed non-conventional theories of development.
One-Year Results of Aflibercept in Vascularized Pigment Epithelium Detachment due to Neovascular AMD: A Prospective Study
Authors: Veritti Daniele , Sarao Valentina , Parravano Mariacristina , Arias Luis , Varano Monica , Lanzetta Paolo
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To evaluate individualized intravitreal aflibercept regimens for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD)-related pigment epithelial detachment (PED).

Methods

This prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized study included 32 eyes with nAMD-related PED, treated with ranibizumab for ≥6 months. All patients received intravitreal aflibercept (2 mg/0.05 mL) at baseline (no loading phase) and subsequently treated pro re nata with monthly follow-up for 12 months. Outcome measures included visual acuity, central retinal thickness (CRT), PED height and area, and neovascular network size.

Results

At 12 months, aflibercept improved mean best-corrected visual acuity compared with baseline values (p>0.05); 50% of patients displayed complete resolution of intraretinal and/or subretinal fluid. Compared with baseline, significant decreases were observed for mean CRT and PED height (both p<0.01).

Conclusions

Aflibercept appears to induce anatomical improvement for at least 12 months after conversion from ranibizumab in patients experiencing nAMD-related PED. Significant reductions in both mean PED height and CRT were observed, although these changes were not necessarily related to significantly improved visual acuity scores. However, larger patient cohorts are required to extend and validate our results, and increased study duration would allow exploration of the potential long-term benefits and challenges of prolonged aflibercept use.
What is the Natural History of Asymptomatic Pseudotumours in Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing Patients?
Authors: Matharu Gulraj S. , Ostlere Simon J. , Pandit Hemant G. , Murray David W.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

We assessed the natural history of asymptomatic pseudotumours associated with metal-on-metal hip resurfacings (MoMHRs), and factors associated with future revision.

Methods

In 2007-2008, we identified 25 MoMHRs (21 patients; mean age 59.9 years; 76% female) with asymptomatic pseudotumours. All patients underwent identical initial assessment (ultrasound, blood metal ions, radiographs, Oxford Hip Score [OHS]) and were considered asymptomatic because they denied experiencing hip symptoms, were satisfied with their MoMHR surgery, and had good or excellent OHSs (≥34). In 2012-2013, repeat assessments were performed in all non-revised patients.

Results

Revision for pseudotumour was performed/recommended in 15 MoMHRs (60%) at a mean 2.7 years (range 0.4-6.4 years) from initial assessment, with 14 developing symptoms before revision. Non-revised MoMHRs (n = 10) underwent repeat ultrasound at a mean 5.1 years (range 4.0-6.5 years) later, with no changes in pseudotumour volume (p = 0.956) or OHS (p = 0.065) between assessments. High blood cobalt (p = 0.0048) and chromium (p = 0.0162), large pseudotumours (p = 0.0458), low OHS (p = 0.0183), and bilateral MoMHRs (p = 0.049) predicted future revision. Patients with blood metal ions above established unilateral/bilateral thresholds and/or initial pseudotumours >30 cm3 had an 86.7% sensitivity, 70.0% specificity, 81.2% positive predictive value, and 77.8% negative predictive value for future revision.

Conclusions

MoMHR patients with initially asymptomatic pseudotumours often become symptomatic and require revision. Patients with high blood metal ions and/or pseudotumours >30 cm3 should remain under annual surveillance or be considered for revision (especially in patients also having lower initial OHSs, bilateral MoMHRs, and/or those becoming symptomatic). Less regular surveillance of patients outside these parameters appears acceptable.
Comparison of Femoral Head Translation following Eccentric Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy and Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Irie Tohru , Takahashi Daisuke , Asano Tsuyoshi , Arai Ryuta , Konno Takuya , Onodera Tomohiro , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: October 2016

Purpose

Eccentric rotational acetabular osteotomy (ERAO) is a modification of rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO); it has been reported that ERAO allows the femoral head to translate medially and distally. However, no study has compared femoral head translation following RAO or ERAO. The purpose of this study was to compare immediate postoperative translation of the femoral head after RAO and ERAO in comparison with the pre-operative position by radiological methods.

Methods

Patients treated by RAO or ERAO between 2006 and 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. 19 hips (17 patients) were treated with RAO, and 25 hips (22 patients) were treated with ERAO. The acetabular roof angle and the location of the femoral head were measured on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs.

Results

The mean pre-operative acetabular roof angle was 20.9° in the RAO group and 22.0° in the ERAO group, showing no significant difference. The mean acetabular roof angle immediately postoperatively was −0.5° in the RAO group and −0.4° in the ERAO group, again showing no significant difference. The mean femoral head translation immediately postoperatively was 3.1 mm (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-4.7 mm) laterally and 3.0 mm (95% CI, 1.3-4.7 mm) proximally in the RAO group and 0.8 mm (95% CI, −0.7-2.3 mm) medially and 2.8 mm (95% CI, 1.5-4.1 mm) distally in the ERAO group; this difference was very highly significant (p≤0.001).

Conclusions

In contrast with RAO, ERAO resulted in significant femoral head translation both medially and distally immediately postoperatively.
3rd Generation Alumina-on-Alumina in Modular Hip Prosthesis: 13 to 18 Years Follow-up Results
Authors: Toni Aldo , Giardina Federico , Guerra Giovanni , Sudanese Alessandra , Montalti Maurizio , Stea Susanna , Bordini Barbara
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) couplings are alternative bearings surfaces that have been reported to reduce osteolysis, wear debris and aseptic loosening compared to the use of polyethylene. Early experiences with ceramics had poor results, but they have led to many improvements in the manufacture and design of subsequent implants.

Methods

We analysed medical files of 300 CoC total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a modular neck performed during period 1995-2000 by a single surgeon for a minimum follow-up of 13 years, evaluating clinical and radiological outcome.

Results

The mean clinical Merle d'Aubigne and Postel hip score at the final follow-up is 17.4, against a pre-operative value of 11.4. Overall survivorship with an endpoint of revision is 93.2% (95% CI, 89.0%-97.3%) at 15 years, while considering only prosthesis failures related to aseptic loosening and ceramic breakage, survival rate at 15 years is 97.2% (95% CI, 94.8%-100%). We observed complications that led to revision surgery in 11 patients (4%) (periprosthetic fractures, liner ruptures, septic loosening of the implant, aseptic loosening of the cup, aseptic loosening of the stem). The occurrence of squeaking is low (1.6%, 4 cases) and we analysed the characteristics of these patients.

Discussion

Our study shows an excellent long term survivorship of third generation alumina CoC THA. We reiterate the importance to have a stable implant to maximise the advantage of ceramic and to avoid complications.
Are all Dialyzers Compatible with the Convective Volumes Suggested for Postdilution Online Hemodiafiltration?
Authors: Potier Jacky , Queffeulou Guillaume , Bouet Julien
Published: October 2016

Introduction

The recent analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials has confirmed the lower mortality risk for postdilution online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) compared to hemodialysis, and above all for patients with the highest delivered body surface area standardized convective volume (CV/BSA >23 L/1.73 m2/session). Since the impact of the dialyzers used in these trials has never been studied, we retrospectively analyzed clinical tests carried out with 19 commonly used dialyzers. The aim was to provide information on their performances and behavior to aid in an objective choice for therapies associated with OL-HDF.

Methods

“Efficiency” was evaluated by measuring the reduction ratio of beta-2 microglobulin (RRß2M) and myoglobin (RRmyo) for a CV/BSA between 0 and 30 L, extrapolating them at CV/BSA = 23 L “Safety” was defined by the safe CV (CVsafe), corresponding to the CV/BSA above which albumin loss is >5 g/session. Results: With CV/BSA = 23 L, all the dialyzers ensure an optimal ß2M extraction (RRß2M: 76%–84.5%). For myoglobin, efficiency disparities are bigger (RRmyo: 40%–85%). Above all, 4/19 dialyzers lose more than 5 g albumin and should not be used under these conditions.

Conclusions

It is recommended to prescribe dialyzers that are above all safe. Moreover, if one considers that the removal of middle molecule solutes prevails over the CV necessary for their transmembrane transport, some dialyzers that are more efficient with CV/BSA <23 L than others with CV/BSA >= 23 L might then be prescribed when the conditions do not permit the suggested CV/BSA goal to be achieved.
Analyzing 37,900 Samples Shows Significant Association between Hotair Polymorphisms and Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ge Yating , Jiang Runze , Zhang Meng , Wang Hao , Zhang Li , Tang Jia , Liang Chaozhao
Published: October 2016

Background and objective

An increasing number of investigations are drawing attention to the relationship between polymorphisms in the HOTAIR gene and the risk of cancers, but the results obtained so far have been controversial and inconclusive. We performed an up-to-date meta-analysis to obtain a more precise estimate of the possible associations.

Methods

Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations.

Results

Nine publications including 26 case-control studies comprising 37,900 individuals were enrolled for the 5 polymorphisms in HOTAIR. The overall analyses identified a significant association between the rs920778 polymorphism and increased susceptibility to cancer in homozygous and recessive models. We conducted a stratification analysis by cancer type and identified a significantly increased susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in all the genetic models and to gastric cancer in the dominant model. For the rs7958904 polymorphism we detected a significantly decreased susceptibility to overall cancer in all 5 genetic models rather than the heterogeneous model. However, no significant association was identified between the rs874945, rs4759314 and rs1899663 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that the HOTAIR rs920778 polymorphism may represent a risk factor for cancer, whereas the rs7958904 polymorphism may play a protective role.
Meta-Analysis Reveals no Significant Association between ERCC6 Polymorphisms and Bladder Cancer Risk
Authors: Hong Zhengdong , Wu Jinxian , Li Qiang , Zhang Shouhua , Shi Zimin
Published: October 2016

Background

Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between excision repair cross-complementing group 6 (ERCC6) gene polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk, but their findings have been inconsistent. Here we performed a meta-analysis to attempt to clarify this association.

Methods

Studies were retrieved from the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to October 1, 2015, with strict selection and exclusion criteria. A total of 5,032 samples, comprising samples from 2,475 bladder cancer patients and 2,557 controls from 5 studies, were included in the meta-analysis. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the strength of the associations.

Results

Regarding the Met1097Val polymorphism, no significant association with bladder cancer risk was found in any of the genetic models evaluated (Val vs. Met: OR = 1.10, 95% CI, 0.97-1.25; Val/Val vs. Met/Met: OR = 1.23, 95% CI, 0.86-1.75; Val/Val + Val/Met vs. Met/Met: OR = 1.12, 95% CI, 0.96-1.30; Val/Val vs. Met/Met + Val/Met: OR = 0.81, 95% CI, 0.57-1.14). Similarly, as regards the Arg1230Pro polymorphism, we also found no positive results.

Conclusions

According to the results of our meta-analysis, there is no evidence of a link between the ERCC6 gene polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk. Well-designed further studies, with larger sample sizes and adjustment for confounders such as smoking status, are needed to confirm these conclusions.
The use of Hormone Therapy after Surgery for Endometriosis: An Analysis
Authors: Lobo Roger A. , Franco Quaresma de Moura Katia
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Estrogen dependence is considered central to the development and progression of endometriosis, which is often viewed as a disease of the premenopausal years, normally regressing after menopause. However, there have been several reports of postmenopausal endometriosis occurring with and without the use of hormone therapy (HT).

Objective

This review aimed to answer the question of whether it is prudent to offer HT for women with a past history of surgical endometriosis. What are the risks? What type of HT should be given?

Methods

A review of the medical literature available in Pubmed, EMBASE, Google scholar, Lilacs, Medline and Cochrane Library databases was performed by selecting articles published in the last ten years, written in any language. The keywords used were endometriosis, menopause, and hormone therapy. In all, 36 articles were found from 2006 to 2016, and their potential relevance to this review was examined. We found 20 literature reviews, 2 retrospective studies, 2 randomized controlled trials and 12 case reports.

Results

There is some risk of endometriosis recurrence after the menopause in patients who receive HT; particularly with estrogen-only therapy.

Conclusions

The existing literature is inadequate to firmly answer our questions. However it is clear that some risk of recurrence exists. Nevertheless, it is suggested that it is reasonable to prescribe HT to women with a history of surgical endometriosis. Recurrences may occur even in the absence of using HT. It is suggested that in women with severe disease the use of estrogen plus progestogen is safer than estrogen alone. Malignant transformation may occur 1% of the time and may be of greater concern with using estrogen alone, warranting close surveillance in all women.
Femorally inserted central venous catheter in patients with superior vena cava obstruction: choice of the optimal exit site
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Tang Siyuan , Hu Chengping , Zhang Cailan , He Lianxiang , Li Xuebing , Xiao Jinnan
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This study assessed patient comfort and catheter indwelling time and decreased incidence of complications in patients with femorally inserted venous catheters (FIVCs) via different exit sites.

Methods

A group of 114 patients suffering from lung cancer complicated by superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) underwent femoral insertion of venous catheters to facilitate chemotherapy infusion. Patients were divided into two groups: a novel (NOV) group (n = 59) with the FIVC exit site at the mid-thigh and a conventional (CON) group (n = 55) with the exit site at the groin. The clinical efficacy and safety were compared.

Results

There were significant differences (p<0.001) between NOV and CON groups in bleeding scores (2.44 ± 0.62 vs. 1.36 ± 0.49), catheter indwelling time (195.08 ± 39.19 days vs. 91.53 ± 32.88 days), patient comfort scores (4.20 ± 0.87 vs. 1.35 ± 0.91), and pain scores (1.64 ± 0.91 vs. 2.42 ± 1.08). Significant differences (p<0.05) were also observed in catheter-associated thrombosis (1.69% vs. 14.55%), catheter exit site infection (1.69% vs. 21.82%), and the incidence of total complications (11.86% vs. 45.45%) between the NOV and CON groups. However, the differences in success rates between the NOV and CON groups during the first attempt (98.32% vs. 98.18%) and catheter obstruction (8.48% vs. 9.09%) were not significant (p>0.05).

Conclusions

Compared with the conventional exit site at the groin, the exit site at the mid-thigh for FIVCs increased patients’ comfort and catheter indwelling time, and decreased the rate of complication and pain scores. However, it did not decrease the success rate in SVCO patients.
Assessing Radiocephalic Wrist Arteriovenous Fistulas of Obtuse Anastomosis using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Clinical Application
Authors: Lee Jinkee , Kim Sunho , Kim Sung-Min , Song Ryungeun , Kim Hyun Kyu , Park Jang Sang , Park Sun Cheol
Published: October 2016

Introduction

A radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the best choice for achieving vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis, but this AVF has high rates of early failure due to juxta-anastomotic stenosis, making it impossible to use for dialysis. Low hemodynamic shear stress contributes to the pathophysiology of VA failure due to secondary thrombosis, stenosis, and re-occlusion after percutaneous intervention.

Methods

We used a computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) approach to evaluate the shear stress distribution and minimize its effects under various conditions including changes in the anastomosis angle. A three-dimensional computational domain was designed for arteriovenous end-to-side anastomosis based on anastomosis angles of 45°, 90° and including 135° angle of an obtuse anastomosis using three-dimensional design software. COMSOL Multiphysics® simulation software was used to identify the hemodynamic factors influencing wall shear stress at the anastomosis site using a low Reynolds number k-ε turbulence model that included non-Newtonian blood flow characteristics, the complete cardiac pulse cycle, and distention of blood vessels. In preliminary clinical study, all 201 patients who received a radiocephalic wrist AVF from January 2009 to February 2014 were divided into classic and obtuse angle groups.

Results

The CFD results showed that the largest anastomosis angle (135°) resulted in lower shear stress, which would help reduce AVF failures. This obtuse angle was preferred, as it minimized the development of anastomotic stenosis and tended to favor primary and primary-assisted patency in clinical study.

Conclusions

An obtuse radiocephalic wrist AVF shows more favorable patency compared to a classic radiocephalic AVF. Surgeons establishing a radiocephalic wrist AVF would be better to consider an AVF with an obtuse anastomosis.
A systematic review of management of inadvertent arterial injury during central venous catheterisation
Authors: Dixon Oliver G.B. , Smith George E. , Carradice Daniel , Chetter Ian C.
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Central venous catheterisation (CVC) is a technique commonly used to obtain vascular access and over five million CVCs are inserted annually. This systematic review of CVC-related arterial injury aims to compare outcomes reported with different management strategies.

Methods

PRISMA guidelines were followed. A search of Medline, Embase, Central and CINAHL was performed. Results were limited to papers in humans and in English with duplicates removed. Details of cases including site and nature of arterial injury, use of ultrasound, methods for identifying arterial placement, management methods used, and any reported outcomes were collated from all papers. Successful management was defined as control of haemorrhage without evidence of further complications.

Results

We screened 2187 abstracts and 78 full manuscripts were obtained and reviewed. Twenty-four papers were of relevance and were included in this review. Amongst the papers, 80 cases of arterial injury were reported. Successful treatment by removal and compression, endovascular methods, and open surgical repair were 5.6%, 94.6% and 100%, respectively.

Discussion

Removal and compression of the arterial site is a poor management method and is associated with a high rate of complications. Endovascular approaches had a high rate of success with advantages of endovascular techniques including access to arteries which are difficult to expose surgically and avoidance of general anaesthesia. Endovascular repair might be considered depending on site of injury or local expertise though surgical repair reported the best results in this review with no complications seen.
Use of AUC7 adjuvant carboplatin in patients with stage I seminoma: systematic review of the literature
Authors: Siracusano Salvatore , Diminutto Alberto , Porcaro Antonio Benito , Cerruto Maria Angela , Artibani Walter
Published: October 2016

Purpose:

Among the adjuvant options to be proposed to patients with stage I seminoma after orchiectomy, the administration of a single cycle of carboplatin, at the dosage reaching an area under the curve of 7 mg/mL/min (AUC7), is a relatively recent introduction in clinical practice.

Methods:

On April 1, 2016, we performed a systematic review of the literature to identify studies on the use of AUC7 carboplatin in the adjuvant setting for stage I seminoma patients. The studies were identified by searching the PubMed electronic database from July 2005 up to April 2016. The aim of this review is to clarify the state of art of this adjuvant option.

Results:

Adjuvant AUC7 carboplatin is an effective adjuvant treatment, able to reduce relapse rate in stage I seminoma patients. The heterogeneity of the methods for estimation and measurement of glomerular filtration rate represents an important issue in the administration of the optimal dose of carboplatin. Even with the lack of validated prognostic factors for relapses, a risk-adapted choice is commonly used to identify the optimal patient to be proposed this treatment.

Conclusions:

One cycle of AUC7 carboplatin is an effective, feasible, and safe adjuvant option to be discussed with stage I seminoma patients.
Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Recent Advances and Current Role of Immunotherapy, Surgery, and Cryotherapy
Authors: Mennitto Alessia , Verzoni Elena , Calareso Giuseppina , Spreafico Carlo , Procopio Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the 10th most common cancer in Western countries. The prognosis of metastatic disease is unfavorable but may be different according to several risk factors, such as histology and clinical features (Karnofsky performance status, time from nephrectomy, hemoglobin level, neutrophils and thrombocytes count, lactate dehydrogenase and calcium serum value, sites and extension of the disease). In this review, we focused on some recent developments in the use of immunotherapy, surgery and cryotherapy in the treatment of advanced disease. While RCC is unresponsive to chemotherapy, recent advances have emerged with the development of targeted agents and innovative immunotherapy-based treatments. Surgical resection remains the standard of care for patients with small renal lesions but in patients with significant comorbidities ablative therapies such as cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation may lead to local cancer control and avoid surgical complications and morbidity. In the setting of metastatic RCC, radical nephrectomy, or cytoreductive nephrectomy, is considered a palliative surgery, usually part of a multimodality treatment approach that requires systemic treatments.
Ethics in Oncology: Principles and Responsibilities Declared in the Italian Ragusa Statement
Authors: Gori Stefania , Pinto Carmine , Caminiti Caterina , Aprile Giuseppe , Marchetti Paolo , Perrone Francesco , Di Maio Massimo , Salè Emanuela Omodeo , Mancuso Annamaria , De Cicco Maurizio , Di Costanzo Francesco , Crispino Sergio , Passalacqua Rodolfo , Merlano Marco , Zagonel Vittorina , Fioretto Luisa , Micallo Giovanni , Labianca Roberto , Bordonaro Roberto , Comandone Alessandro , Spinsanti Sandro , Iacono Carmelo , Nicolis Fabrizio
Published: October 2016

Cancer care involves many ethical issues. The need for more patient-centered healthcare together with the improved empowerment of every person diagnosed with cancer have been transposed by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) and eventually translated in the Ragusa statement. This position paper describes the philosophy that lies beneath this document and its fundamental principles.
After Politics/After Television: Veep, Digimodernism, and the Running Gag of Government
Authors: Conway Joe
Published: October 2016

According to Alan Kirby, the cultural logic of digimodernism enshrines “the apparently real” as its dominant aesthetic. Unlike paranoid postmodern texts like The X-Files (Fox, 1993–2002), in which a false reality is juxtaposed to a stable external truth, digimodern texts mimic non-fictional forms to project a world that is just as it appears: “The apparently real comes without self-consciousness, without irony or self-interrogation, and without signaling itself to the reader or viewer.” This article shows how Kirby's theory of the digimodern, rooted as it is in new media technology, helps to explain the ascension of a certain kind of US political satire, what I am calling political satire vérité, that invites its viewers to watch an “apparently real” world of insider politics. Ultimately, the argument investigates how what media studies scholars label “the end of television” creates new material and aesthetic contexts for representing and interrogating what political theorists have dubbed “the end of politics.”
Pious Policymaking: The Participatory Satires of Stephen Colbert
Authors: Paroske Marcus
Published: October 2016

Stephen Colbert received wide critical acclaim for satirizing campaign finance law through forming a Super PAC on his television program The Colbert Report (2005–2014). Noteworthy in his technique was his decision in 2011 to take his conservative character directly into the workings of the Federal Election Commission, an approach he also used when delivering humorous testimony before a House of Representatives subcommittee on immigration the year before. This article considers Colbert's activity within the government in these instances—activity that this article calls participatory satire—from the perspective of postmodernism. While destabilizing the boundary between stage and government as he did is inescapably postmodern in approach, expectations for behavior within these institutions combine with the real-world consequences of policymaking to resist a complete rejection of liberal democracy. With irony removed as a humorous tool by the rules of his chosen venues, Colbert ran the risk of reinforcing the very conditions his satire sought to critique.
Can I Live? Contemporary Black Satire and the State of Postmodern Double Consciousness
Authors: Guerrero Lisa
Published: October 2016

This article examines how the interrelationship between the postmodern condition and the post-racial myth has shaped the works of black satirists in the twenty-first century. The desire to erase race in American discourse—even as race remains a powerful ideological sign that operates in real, material ways to affect black life—has transformed the project of black satire in the new century. Focusing on selected sketches from Comedy Central's Key & Peele, the article unpacks the ways in which contemporary black satire has forced a reconception of what the postmodern condition is for African Americans in the post-racial age.
Conversaciones entre Fernando Cardenal Martínez y Citlali Rovirosa-Madrazo del libro sobre el Papa Francisco y Laudato Si’: “Francisco. Entre la ciencia y la teología moral: Tierra, revolución y destino común”
Authors: Hernández Pico, SJ Juan
Published: October 2016

Fernando Cardenal y yo mantuvimos una amistad que fue haciéndose muy íntima y profunda con el correr de los años. Lo había conocido en 1963, cuando César Jerez y yo terminamos la etapa de formación como maestros en el Colegio Javier de Panamá y, antes de ir a estudiar teología en Frankfurt, pasamos unos días juntos en Guatemala y nos hospedamos en el Liceo Javier. Fernando era maestro allí y nos dio un largo paseo por la capital. Me asombró la manera enormemente entusiasta como, mientras conducía el automóvil, nos habló de la educación y de la receptividad de sus alumnos.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Engineering Management Research, Vol. 5, No. 2
Authors: Dou Paige
Published: October 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Engineering Management Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2016
Intraocular Foreign Body Removal by 23-Gauge Micro Incision Vitrectomy Surgery and Back Flush Flute Needle: A Case Series Study
Authors: Ahoor Mohamadhosein , Sorkhabi Rana
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to consider a new technique to extract an intraocular foreign body by 23-gauge micro incision vitrectomy surgery (23G-MIVS).

METHOD: This case series was done on Patients with intraocular foreign bodies and cataract during 2012-2015 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Phacoemulsification and aspiration of lens nucleus, intraocular lens implantation, 23G-MIVS, and extraction of the foreign body were performed on patients. The foreign body was removed through a posterior capsulor hexis, anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, and a corneal incision. In all cases, the foreign body was safely removed through the corneal incision with back flush Flute Needle, and IOL was implanted and well positioned. The surgical incision did not require suturing.

RESULTS: This technique was successful for the patients and the corneal endothelial cell density was maintained over 2000 cells/mm2 in all cases during recent follow-up examinations.

CONCLUSION: We found that 23G-MIVS with this technique is suitable to remove the foreign body. It is safe, without complications, and can be used without enlarging the 23-gauge sclerotomy.
Comparison between Efficacy of Ultrasonography and Urinary Luteinizing Hormone Kit in Intra-Uterine Insemination Timing: A Clinical Trail
Authors: Zargar Mahvash , Nikbakht Roshan , Nasehi Nahal , Nasehi Parya
Published: October 2016

This study aimed to compare the efficiency of ultrasound in measuring the size of follicle and urinary Luteinizing Hormone (uLH) kit surge in determining LH surge for determining the time and outcomes of Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI). In this comparative, nonrandomized, not blinded clinical trial, 311 IUI cycles in 262 infertile women undergoing IUI were assigned into two groups of ultrasound (n=100 cycles) and uLH kit (n=211 cycles) for the IUI timing. Patients were allowed to choose which study group they preferred. Two weeks after doing the IUI the βhcG was checked and if the chemical pregnancy was confirmed then four weeks after positive chemical pregnancy test the clinical pregnancy was confirmed by observing the fetal heart activity in a pelvic ultrasound. The primary outcome of the study was the comparison of clinical pregnancy rate between two groups. The cause of infertility, the average age of men and women, ovulation induction protocol among the two groups was the same. Chemical pregnancy rate did not significantly differ between ultrasound and uLH kit groups (14.3% vs 18.4%, P value=0.11).Moreover, clinical pregnancy rates were similar between ultrasound and uLH kit groups that was not statistically significant (10.3% vs 10.3, P value=0.3). Finally, we concluded that the uLH kit is comparable with ultrasonography for timing of IUI. Therefore, the application of uLH kit is superior to ultrasonography in terms of cost and feasibility of use.
Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors among adult Population in Bisha Province, Southwest of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Shahrani Abdullah M. , Al-Saleem Mohammed A. , O’haj Mohamed , Mohammed Faleh Th. , Ibrahim Mutasim E.
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the adult population in Bisha province, Saudi Arabia.METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted during December, 2015 using the World Health Organization STEPS wise approach for data collection. Blood glucose level and anthropometric measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were performed per standard methods.  Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the prevalence and risk of diabetes.RESULTS: Of 542 adult individuals included in the study, 13.3% (72) had diabetes, of which 8.1% were previously diagnosed and 5.2% represented new cases. The proportions of DM were 14.7% for men and 10.8% for women. Diabetes was significantly higher among married compared to unmarried individuals (19.3% vs 5.5 %; p<0.001) and among individuals aged ≥40 years old compared to those <40 years (31.3% vs 9.3%; p<0.001). The risk of diabetes was significantly increased with older age (Odds Ratio=4.470; 95% CI 2.264-7.614), married individuals (OR=4.097; 95% CI 2.188-7.672), weight/obesity (OR=2.827; 95% CI 1.567-5.072), hypertension (OR=4.383; 95% CI 2.085-9.214) and having a job (OR=2.327; 95% CI 1.347-4.02). The independent risk factors predicted diabetes were hypertension (Adjusted OR=2.897; 95% CI 1.269-66.13) and job patterns (Adjusted OR=2.793; 95% CI 1.064-7.329).CONCLUSION: Different risk factors alarming diabetes among adult population in Bisha province were detected.  Strategies aimed to improving a healthy lifestyle are necessary to reduce the burden of the disease.
Applications of Cloud Computing in Health Systems
Authors: Moghaddasi Hamid , Tabatabaei Tabrizi Alireza
Published: October 2016

INTRODUCTION: Equitable access to health services is one of the health justice criteria. E-health can sometimes be helpful in this regard. This study is aimed to find the use of cloud computing services across health system.METHOD: In the present review article, numerous research papers from different resources, such as MEDLINE, IEEE and Science direct, were studied. Based on the subject, 210 studies were found. After quality analysis of the papers, 78 studies were selected, from which 53 articles were directly related to the applications of cloud computing in health system.FINDINGS: Cloud computing services are widely used in various industries. Therefore, health system takes advantage of the services. Findings indicate that, the applications of cloud computing in health system, including telemedicine, medical imaging, public and personal health, clinical and hospital information systems, medical decision support system, care, secondary use of health data, serve as different types of specialized software used to analyze gene sequences and archive huge biological data. Generally cloud computing services are available in two sectors in any health system as follows: E-health services and Bioinformatics.CONCLUSION: Facilitated access to the E-health services and big data in health systems are the main features of exploiting cloud computing services in health systems. Using cloud computing in health systems not only makes health services more affordable, but also helps nations to achieve health equity.
Effectiveness of Neck Myofascial Release Techniques and Exercise Therapy on Pain Intensity and Disability in Patients with Chronic Tension-Type Headache
Authors: Hosseinifar Mohammad , Bazghandi Razieh , Azimi Zahra , Khodadadi Bohlouli Bahareh
Published: October 2016

PURPOSE: Tension type headache (TTH) is one of the most prevalent types of headache. TTH is classified as episodic if it occurs on less than 15 days a month and as chronic if it occurs more often. Tension, anxiety and depression are some etiological factors for TTH which leads to work efficiency reduction. Today the interest in non-pharmacological methods is increasing; massage is one of these approaches which has no side effects. Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neck Myofascial Release (MFR) techniques and exercise therapy on pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic tension-type headache.METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study was investigated on 30 females suffering from TTH. Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n=15). The MFR group received neck MFR massage and exercise therapy four times a week for 3 weeks, each session lasting 45 minutes. Control group had no intervention. Outcomes were headache intensity and disability measured by numerical rating scale (NRS) and headache disability index (HDI), respectively. Data was analysed through independent and pair t-test.RESULTS: Between group comparison showed significant improvement of headache intensity and disability rate in MFR group (p<0.05) than control group (p=0.000).DISCUSSION: This study provides evidences that MFR technique and exercise therapy have significant effect on patients with TTH.
Long-term Dynamics of Employee Identification with an Organizational Unit
Authors: Matsuo Kenji
Published: October 2016

This study presents the first framework for understanding the long-term dynamics of employee identification with an organizational unit. Similar research generally adopts cross-sectional quantitative methods that insufficiently explain the long-term dynamics of identification. Following studies that find stronger identification with lower-level groups than with an entire organization, we examine the case of a marine hull unit of a Japanese property-casualty insurer. We suggest that employees initially identify with the unit because of “occupational ability recognition” and “affective recognition”. We identify that these factors are necessary and sufficient conditions for identification with the unit. When they are absent, dis-identification occurs. If identification based on these factors is maintained, “value preferences” become dimensions of identification. Members prefer the unit values of interesting work, professional utility, and career attainment. When employees are dissatisfied with the unit’s values, ambivalent identification occurs. Ultimately, mature employees may express a “value proposition orientation”. They identify with the unit by consciously relating their value proposition and the unit.