bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the power of optical imaging in the second biological window: Structuring near‐infrared II materials from organic molecules to nanoparticles
Authors: Dahal Dipendra , Ray Priyanka , Pan Dipanjan
Published: June 2021

Biomedical imaging techniques play a crucial role in clinical diagnosis, surgical intervention, and prognosis. Fluorescence imaging in the second biological window (second near‐infrared [NIR‐II]; 1000–1700 nm) has attracted attention recently. NIR‐II fluorescence imaging offers unique advantages in terms of reduced photon scattering, deep tissue penetration, high sensitivity, and many others. A host of materials, including small organic molecules, single‐walled carbon nanotubes, polymeric and rare‐earth‐doped nanoparticles, have been explored as NIR‐II emitting fluorescent probes. Efficient and viable approaches to design and develop fluorescence probes with tunable photophysical properties without compromising other key features are of paramount importance. Various chemical strategies are explored to increase the quantum yield of these imaging agents without compromising their spatiotemporal resolution, specificity, and tissue penetration capabilities. This review summarizes the strategies implemented to design and synthesize NIR‐II emitting nanoparticles and small organic molecule‐based fluorescent probes for applications in the biomedical field.

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery
Stabilization and numerical treatment for swelling porous elastic soils with fluid saturation
Authors: Júnior Dilberto S. Almeida , Ramos Anderson J. A. , Noé Alberto S. , Freitas Mirelson M. , Aum Pedro T. P.
Published: June 2021

In the current study, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of one‐dimensional initial boundary value problem associated with the isothermal linear theory of swelling porous elastic media. Our main results are the well‐posedness of the system as well as the exponential stabilization of solution and the discretization of the equations using a particular numerical scheme, which allowed us to prove the monotonicity of the discrete energy. In addition, we provide the numerical simulations of the solution and the total energy that explain the results obtained. Our results are achieved by using the semigroup theory and for the results in finite dimensional we used finite differences.
An optimal control method for time-dependent fluid-structure interaction problems
Authors: Wang Yongxing , Jimack Peter K. , Walkley Mark A. , Yang Dongmin , Thompson Harvey M.
Published: June 2021

In this article, we derive an adjoint fluid-structure interaction (FSI) system in an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework, based upon a one-field finite element method. A key feature of this approach is that the interface condition is automatically satisfied and the problem size is reduced since we only solve for one velocity field for both the primary and adjoint system. A velocity (and/or displacement)-matching optimisation problem is considered by controlling a distributed force. The optimisation problem is solved using a gradient descent method, and a stabilised Barzilai-Borwein method is adopted to accelerate the convergence, which does not need additional evaluations of the objective functional. The proposed control method is validated and assessed against a series of static and dynamic benchmark FSI problems, before being applied successfully to solve a highly challenging FSI control problem.
Robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy: not only for vaginal vault suspension? An observational cohort study
Authors: van Zanten Femke , Lenters Egbert , Broeders Ivo A. M. J. , Schraffordt Koops Steven E.
Published: June 2021

Introduction and hypothesis

Surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has high recurrence rates. Long-term anatomical and patient-reported outcomes after pelvic floor repair are therefore required.

Methods

This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a teaching hospital with tertiary referral function for patients with POP. Patients with symptomatic vaginal vault or uterine prolapse (simplified POP Quantification [sPOPQ] stage ≥2), who underwent robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RASC) or supracervical hysterectomy with sacrocervicopexy (RSHS), were included. Follow-up visits with sPOPQ evaluations were planned 4 years after surgery. Patients received pre- and postoperative questionnaires reporting symptoms of vaginal bulge, Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7). Primary outcome was patient self-reported symptoms. Secondary outcome was anatomical cure (sPOPQ stage 1) for all vaginal compartments.

Results

Seventy-seven patients were included. Sixty-one patients (79%) were evaluated after 50 months (physical examinationn = 51). Symptoms of bulge (95% vs 15%p ˂ 0.0005), median UDI-6 scores (26.7 vs 22.2,p = 0.048), median PFIQ-7 scores (60.0 vs 0,p = 0.008), and median sPOPQ stages in all landmarks improved significantly from the pre- to the postoperative visit. Thirty patients (59%) were completely recurrence free and 96% of patients had no apical recurrence. Most recurrences were asymptomatic cystoceles (20%). There was one surgical re-intervention for recurrent prolapse (1.6%).

Conclusions

Robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy and RSHS show sustainable results in the treatment of prolapse. Symptoms of bulge, urinary symptoms, and quality of life improved substantially 50 months postoperatively. Patients should be counseled about the risk of anterior wall recurrence and the small chance of recurrent symptoms that need treatment.
Leukocytes are not Reliable in Predicting Possible Diaphragmatic Injury in Patients with Penetrating Left Thoracoabdominal Stab Wounds
Authors: Yucel Metin , Yildiz Abdullah
Published: June 2021

Background

The diaphragm is injured in approximately one‐third of penetrating left thoracoabdominal stab wounds. Diagnostic laparoscopy or thoracoscopy is performed to reveal the diaphragmatic injury. This study investigated whether leukocytes, leukocyte subgroups, platelets, the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the thrombocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can be used to detect diaphragm injury without the need for diagnostic laparoscopy.

Methods

Patients hospitalized between January 2010 and January 2020 due to penetrating left thoracoabdominal stab wounds were examined. Laparotomy was performed in patients who had indications for laparotomy, such as hemodynamic instability and peritonitis. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed to reveal possible diaphragmatic injury in patients who did not require laparotomy after 48h of follow‐up. Leukocytes, leukocyte subgroups, platelets, NLR, and PLR were measured both at admission and during follow‐up, and the results were compared between patients with and without diaphragm injury during diagnostic laparoscopy.

Results

The study included 108 patients with penetrating left thoracoabdominal stab wounds that did not require laparotomy after 48h of follow‐up. Of these, 102 patients were male (94.44%), and the average age was 27.68 years (range 15–66 years). Diaphragm injury was detected in 31 patients (28.70%) in diagnostic laparoscopy, and the diaphragm was intact in 77 patients (71.30%). In the comparison of patients with and without diaphragmatic injury, no statistically significant difference was found in terms of age, gender, platelets, leukocyte values, NLR, and PLR both at admission and during follow‐up.

Conclusions

Leukocytes, leukocyte subsets, platelets, NLR, and PLR were insufficient in the detection of asymptomatic diaphragmatic injuries caused by penetrating left thoracoabdominal stab wounds.
On the suitability of deep convolutional neural networks for continental-wide downscaling of climate change projections
Authors: Baño-Medina Jorge , Manzanas Rodrigo , Gutiérrez José Manuel
Published: June 2021

In a recent paper, Baño-Medina et al. (Configuration and Intercomparison of deep learning neural models for statistical downscaling. preprint, 2019) assessed the suitability of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for downscaling of temperature and precipitation over Europe using large-scale ‘perfect’ reanalysis predictors. They compared the results provided by CNNs with those obtained from a set of standard methods which have been traditionally used for downscaling purposes (linear and generalized linear models), concluding that CNNs are well suited for continental-wide applications. That analysis is extended here by assessing the suitability of CNNs for downscaling future climate change projections using Global Climate Model (GCM) outputs as predictors. This is particularly relevant for this type of “black-box” models, whose results cannot be easily explained based on physical reasons and could potentially lead to implausible downscaled projections due to uncontrolled extrapolation artifacts. Based on this premise, we analyze in this work the two key assumptions that are made in perfect prognosis downscaling: (1) the predictors chosen to build the statistical model should be well reproduced by GCMs and (2) the statistical model should be able to reliably extrapolate out of sample (climate change) conditions. As a first step to test the suitability of these models, the latter assumption is assessed here by analyzing how the CNNs affect the raw GCM climate change signal (defined as the difference, or delta, between future and historical climate). Our results show that, as compared to well-established generalized linear models (GLMs), CNNs yield smaller departures from the raw GCM outputs for the end of century, resulting in more plausible downscaling results for climate change applications. Moreover, as a consequence of the automatic treatment of spatial features, CNNs are also found to provide more spatially homogeneous downscaled patterns than GLMs.
Correction to: Bilateral thoracic disc herniation with abdominal wall paresis: a case report
Authors: Butenschoen Vicki Marie , Hoenikl Lisa , Deschauer Marcus , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens
Published: June 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s00701-021-04898-w
Chemically Induced Spin Hyperpolarization: Coherence Formation in Reaction Products
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin L. , Yurkovskya Alexandra V. , Fishman Natalya N. , Kiryutin Aleksey S. , Sagdeev Renad Z. , Vieth Hans-Martin
Published: June 2021

Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) has emerged as a highly informative method to study spin-dependent radical reactions by analyzing enhanced NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) signals of their diamagnetic reaction products. In this way, one can probe the structure of elusive radical intermediates and determine their magnetic parameters. A careful examination of experimental CIDNP data at variable magnetic fields shows that formation of hyperpolarized molecules in a coherent state is a ubiquitous though rarely discussed phenomenon. The presence of nuclear spin coherences commonly leads to subsequent polarization transfer among coupled spins in the diamagnetic products of radical recombination reaction that must be taken into account when analyzing the results of CIDNP experiments at low magnetic field. Moreover, such coherent polarization transfer can be efficiently exploited to polarize spins, which do not acquire CIDNP directly. Here we explain under what conditions such coherences can be generated, focusing on the key role of level anti-crossings in coherent polarization transfer, and provide experimental approaches to probing nuclear spin coherences and their time evolution. We illustrate the theoretical consideration of the outlined coherent spin phenomena in CIDNP by examples, obtained for the dipeptide tryptophan–tryptophan.
Rice straw and energy reed fibers reinforced phenol formaldehyde resin polymeric biocomposites
Authors: Hasan K. M. Faridul , Horváth Péter György , Bak Miklós , Le Duong Hung Anh , Mucsi Zsuzsanna Mária , Alpár Tibor
Published: June 2021

Herein, natural fiber (energy reeds and rice straw) reinforced with phenol formaldehyde (PF) polymeric resin biocomposites are developed and reported in this study. The dimensions of energy reeds and rice straws used for this research were 0.5–1.66 mm and 0.1–3.55 mm, respectively. The hot-pressing technology was used for manufacturing the biocomposites. The proportions for mixing of rice straw/energy reed fibers in composite systems were 90/0, 54/36, 36/54, and 0/90 whereas remaining 10% were belong to PF resin. The nominal densities of the biocomposite panels were 680 kg/m3, however the actual densities were 713.655, 725, 742.79, and 764.49 kg/m3. The main objective of this study is to develop hybrid biocomposites from different proportions of energy reeds and rice straw fibers using PF resin and to find the convenient ratio and materials for biocomposites production. The obtained results demonstrate that mechanical properties and stability against the moisture increases with the increase of energy reeds loading in the composite systems. The biocomposite developed from 100% energy reeds provided the higher mechanical properties compared to 100% rice straw. The thermal and morphological properties of the produced biocomposite materials were investigated and found significant. The thermo-mechanical properties of the composite materials increase with the increase in energy reed fiber loading in composite system. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (R2) also demonstrates a positive attributions of energy reed fibers loading in composite systems. Moreover, the overall performances of the developed biocomposite panels demonstrate them as potential and novel candidate to the composite community in the coming times.

Graphical abstract
TSK-Streams: learning TSK fuzzy systems for regression on data streams
Authors: Shaker Ammar , Hüllermeier Eyke
Published: June 2021

The problem of adaptive learning from evolving and possibly non-stationary data streams has attracted a lot of interest in machine learning in the recent past, and also stimulated research in related fields, such as computational intelligence and fuzzy systems. In particular, several rule-based methods for the incremental induction of regression models have been proposed. In this paper, we develop a method that combines the strengths of two existing approaches rooted in different learning paradigms. More concretely, our method adopts basic principles of the state-of-the-art learning algorithm AMRules and enriches them by the representational advantages of fuzzy rules. In a comprehensive experimental study, TSK-Streams is shown to be highly competitive in terms of performance.
Enzyme-induced mineralization of hydrogels with amorphous calcium carbonate for fast synthesis of ultrastiff, strong and tough organic–inorganic double networks
Authors: Milovanovic Marko , Mihailowitsch Lydia , Santhirasegaran Mathusiha , Brandt Volker , Tiller Joerg C.
Published: June 2021

Hydrogels with good mechanical properties have great importance in biological and medical applications. Double-network (DN) hydrogels were found to be very tough materials. If one of the two network phases is an inorganic material, the DN hydrogels also become very stiff without losing their toughness. So far, the only example of such an organic–inorganic DN hydrogel is based on calcium phosphate, which takes about a week to be formed as an amorphous inorganic phase by enzyme-induced mineralization. An alternative organic–inorganic DN hydrogel, based on amorphous CaCO3, which can be formed as inorganic phase within hours, was designed in this study. The precipitation of CaCO3 within a hydrogel was induced by urease and a urea/CaCl2 calcification medium. The amorphous character of the CaCO3 was retained by using the previously reported crystallization inhibiting effects of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (PMGly). The connection between organic and inorganic phases via reversible bonds was realized by the introduction of ionic groups. The best results were obtained by copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and sodium acrylate (SA), which led to water-swollen organic–inorganic DN hydrogels with a high Young’s modulus (455 ± 80 MPa), remarkable tensile strength (3.4 ± 0.7 MPa) and fracture toughness (1.1 ± 0.2 kJ m−2).

Graphical Abstract

The present manuscript describes the method of enzymatic mineralization of hydrogels for the production of ultrastiff and strong composite hydrogels. By forming a double-network structure based on an organic and an inorganic phase, it is possible to improve the mechanical properties of a hydrogel, such as stiffness and strength, by several orders of magnitude. The key to this is the formation of a percolating, amorphous inorganic phase, which is achieved by inhibiting crystallization of precipitated amorphous CaCO3 with N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine and controlling the nanostructure with co polymerized sodium acrylate. This creates ultrastiff, strong and tough organic–inorganic double-network hydrogels.
Risky Gambling Behaviors: Associations with Mental Health and a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
Authors: Bristow Lindsay A. , Afifi Tracie O. , Salmon Samantha , Katz Laurence Y.
Published: June 2021

Problem gambling and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are highly co-morbid and lead to numerous adverse health outcomes. Research demonstrates that greater levels of well-being protect individuals from experiencing ACE-related harms after a history of childhood adversity; however, this relationship has not been examined in the gambling literature. We hypothesized that individuals who experienced ACEs would engage in more problem gambling behaviors. We also hypothesized that individuals who experienced ACEs and reported flourishing mental health would have lower rates of problem gambling than individuals who experienced ACEs but did not report flourishing mental health. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the adult sample in the Well-Being and Experiences (WE) Study. Examining a parent population, parents and caregivers (N = 1000; Mage = 45.2 years; 86.5% female) of adolescents were interviewed on a variety of measures, including their history of ACEs, their gambling behaviors within the past year, and their mental health and well-being. We used multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between 15 ACEs and gambling type (i.e., non-gambler, non-problem gambler, at-risk/problem gambler). We used interaction terms between each ACE and mental health to examine the moderating role of flourishing mental health and well-being. ACEs were associated with at-risk/problem gambling supporting hypothesis 1. Contrary to hypothesis 2, overall, flourishing mental health did not moderate the relationship between ACEs and gambling severity except for one ACE. In this study, we were able to gain a better understanding of how different ACEs each contribute to varying levels of gambling severity.
Amazonia as the Origin and Diversification Area of Didelphidae (Mammalia: Metatheria), and a Review of the Fossil Record of the Clade
Authors: Castro Mariela C. , Dahur Murilo J. , Ferreira Gabriel S.
Published: June 2021

Didelphidae is the largest New World radiation of marsupials, and is mostly represented by arboreal, small- to medium-sized taxa that inhabit tropical and/or subtropical forests. The group originated and remained isolated in South America for millions of years, until the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. In this study, we present the first reconstruction of the biogeographic history of Didelphidae including all major clades, based on parametric models and stratified analyses over time. We also compiled all the pre-Quaternary fossil records of the group, and contrasted these data to our biogeographic inferences, as well as to major environmental events that occurred in the South American Cenozoic. Our results indicate the relevance of Amazonia in the early diversification of Didelphidae, including the divergence of the major clades traditionally ranked as subfamilies and tribes. Cladogeneses in other areas started in the late Miocene, an interval of intense shifts, especially in the northern portion of Andes and Amazon Basin. Occupation of other areas continued through the Pliocene, but few were only colonized in Quaternary times. The comparison between the biogeographic inference and the fossil records highlights some further steps towards better understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the clade. Finally, our results stress that the early history of didelphids is obscured by the lack of Paleogene fossils, which are still to be unearthed from low-latitude deposits of South America.
Circular quiver gauge theories, isomonodromic deformations and $$W_N$$ fermions on the torus
Authors: Bonelli Giulio , Del Monte Fabrizio , Gavrylenko Pavlo , Tanzini Alessandro
Published: June 2021

We study the relation between class $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
theories on punctured tori and isomonodromic deformations of flat SL(N) connections on the two-dimensional torus with punctures. Turning on the self-dual $$\Omega $$
Ω
-background corresponds to a deautonomization of the Seiberg–Witten integrable system which implies a specific time dependence in its Hamiltonians. We show that the corresponding $$\tau $$
τ
-function is proportional to the dual gauge theory partition function, the proportionality factor being a nontrivial function of the solution of the deautonomized Seiberg–Witten integrable system. This is obtained by mapping the isomonodromic deformation problem to $$W_N$$

W
N

free fermion correlators on the torus.
Commuting to the future: Assessing the relationship between individuals’ usage of information and communications technology, personal attitudes, characteristics and mode choice
Authors: van Lierop Dea , Bahamonde-Birke Francisco J.
Published: June 2021

Innovations in transportation and communications technologies influence the development of cities and how people move through them. Since the widespread adoption of smartphones, mobility and information and communication technology (ICT) have become increasingly interconnected, and there may be a possibility for mobile technologies to nudge, or influence, individuals to travel using sustainable, and collective modes. It remains unclear whether social, financial, or ICT incentives would be effective to nudge the use of sustainable modes. The objective of the study is to understand the reasons affecting modal choices and how the use of ICTs and personal opinions and attitudes influence the decision-making process. A discrete choice model is used to consider five transportation alternatives including three single modes, namely bicycle, transit, and car, and two multimodal possibilities, bicycle and transit as well as park and ride (car and transit). The target population for this study are Utrecht University employees, who travel to a large university campus located in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The results of the person-based mode-choice model demonstrate that strong correlations exist between the kinds of mobile applications individuals use, their attitudes towards travel, their personal characteristics and their transportation mode. No mobile application seems to favor the use of active modes, which cast doubts upon the use of ICT to promote sustainable transportation. However, social incentives may play an important role for certain groups as individuals who are influenced by their friends, family, and colleagues, are less likely to travel by car or to use park & ride facilities.
Continuation analysis of a nonlinear rotor system
Authors: Akay Mehmet Selim , Shaw Alexander D. , Friswell Michael I.
Published: June 2021

Nonlinearities in rotating systems have been seen to cause a wide variety of rich phenomena; however, the understanding of these phenomena has been limited because numerical approaches typically rely on “brute force” time simulation, which is slow due to issues of step size and settling time, cannot locate unstable solution families, and may miss key responses if the correct initial conditions are not used. This work uses numerical continuation to explore the responses of such systems in a more systematic way. A simple isotropic rotor system with a smooth nonlinearity is studied, and the rotating frame is used to obtain periodic solutions. Asynchronous responses with oscillating amplitude are seen to initiate at certain drive speeds due to internal resonance, in a manner similar to that observed for nonsmooth rotor–stator contact systems in the previous literature. These responses are isolated, in the sense that they will only meet the more trivial synchronous responses in the limit of zero damping and out of balance forcing. In addition to increasing our understanding of the responses of these systems, the work establishes the potential of numerical continuation as a tool to systematically explore the responses of nonlinear rotor systems.
A matrix-less method to approximate the spectrum and the spectral function of Toeplitz matrices with real eigenvalues
Authors: Ekström Sven-Erik , Vassalos Paris
Published: June 2021

It is known that the generating function f of a sequence of Toeplitz matrices {Tn(f)}n may not describe the asymptotic distribution of the eigenvalues of Tn(f) if f is not real. In this paper, we assume as a working hypothesis that, if the eigenvalues of Tn(f) are real for all n, then they admit an asymptotic expansion of the same type as considered in previous works, where the first function, called the eigenvalue symbol $\mathfrak {f}$
f
, appearing in this expansion is real and describes the asymptotic distribution of the eigenvalues of Tn(f). This eigenvalue symbol $\mathfrak {f}$
f
is in general not known in closed form. After validating this working hypothesis through a number of numerical experiments, we propose a matrix-less algorithm in order to approximate the eigenvalue distribution function $\mathfrak {f}$
f
. The proposed algorithm, which opposed to previous versions, does not need any information about neither f nor $\mathfrak {f}$
f
is tested on a wide range of numerical examples; in some cases, we are even able to find the analytical expression of $\mathfrak {f}$
f
. Future research directions are outlined at the end of the paper.
The use of QCA in science, technology and innovation studies: a review of the literature and an empirical application to knowledge transfer
Authors: Fernández-Esquinas Manuel , Sánchez-Rodríguez María Isabel , Pedraza-Rodríguez José Antonio , Muñoz-Benito Rocío
Published: June 2021

This article analyses the use of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in social studies on science, technology and innovation. The goals are to address how and why the method is used, and to explore the advantages and shortcomings for this research area. A review of the literature and practical application are combined. Firstly, the article finds that the acceptance of QCA is unevenly distributed in the major research fields related to knowledge production. It is used mainly to study innovation in firms but is largely absent in science and technology studies. Second, an original study on university–industry links provides a strategic site that displays how research unfolds. Its findings demonstrate the combinations of factors that shape knowledge transfer and the configurational nature of the process. The article offers an account of challenges and directions for future research and discusses the possibilities of the method as a third way between qualitative and quantitative traditions in science, technology and innovation.
The effect of web of science subject categories on clustering: the case of data-driven methods in business and economic sciences
Authors: Jesenko Berndt , Schlögl Christian
Published: June 2021

The primary goal of this article is to identify the research fronts on the application of data-driven methods in business and economics. For this purpose, the research literature of the business and economic sciences Subject Categories from the Web of Science is mapped using BibExcel and VOSviewer. Since the assignment to subject categories is done at the journal level and since a journal is often assigned to several subject categories in Web of Science, two mappings are performed: one without considering multiple assignments (broad view) and one considering only those (articles from) journals that have been assigned exclusively to the business and economic sciences subject categories and no others (narrow view). A further aim of this article is therefore to identify differences in the two mappings. Surprisingly, engineering sciences play a major role in the broad mapping, in addition to the economic sciences. In the narrow mapping, however, only the following clusters with a clear business-management focus emerge: (i) Data-driven methods in management in general and data-driven supply chain management in particular, (ii) Data-driven operations research analyses with different business administration/management focuses, (iii) Data-driven methods and processes in economics and finance, and (iv) Data-driven methods in Information Systems. One limitation of the narrow mapping is that many relevant documents are not covered since the journals in which they appear are assigned to multiple subject categories in WoS. The paper comes to the conclusion that the multiple assignments of subject categories in Web of Science may lead to massive changes in the results. Adjacent subject areas—in this specific case the application of data-driven methods in engineering and more mathematically oriented contributions in economics (econometrics) are considered in the broad mapping (not excluding subject categories from neighbouring disciplines) and are even over-represented compared to the core areas of business and economics. If a mapping should only consider the core aspects of particular research fields, it is shown in this use case that the exclusion of Web of Science-subject categories that do not belong to the core areas due to multiple assignments (narrow view), may be a valuable alternative. Finally, it depends on the reader to decide which mapping is more beneficial to them.
Measuring academic entities’ impact by content-based citation analysis in a heterogeneous academic network
Authors: Zhang Fang , Wu Shengli
Published: June 2021

Evaluating the impact of papers, researchers and venues objectively is of great significance to academia and beyond. This may help researchers, research organizations, and government agencies in various ways, such as helping researchers find valuable papers and authoritative venues and helping research organizations identify good researchers. A few studies find that rather than treating citations equally, differentiating them is a promising way for impact evaluation of academic entities. However, most of those methods are metadata-based only and do not consider contents of cited and citing papers; while a few content-based methods are not sophisticated, and further improvement is possible. In this paper, we study the citation relationships between entities by content-based approaches. Especially, an ensemble learning method is used to classify citations into different strength types, and a word-embedding based method is used to estimate topical similarity of the citing and cited papers. A heterogeneous network is constructed with the weighted citation links and several other features. Based on the heterogeneous network that consists of three types of entities, we apply an iterative PageRank-like method to rank the impact of papers, authors and venues at the same time through mutual reinforcement. Experiments are conducted on an ACL dataset, and the results demonstrate that our method greatly outperforms state-of-the art competitors in improving ranking effectiveness of papers, authors and venues, as well as in being robust against malicious manipulation of citations.
Mapping the field of psychology: Trends in research topics 1995–2015
Authors: Wieczorek Oliver , Unger Saïd , Riebling Jan , Erhard Lukas , Koß Christian , Heiberger Raphael
Published: June 2021

We map the topic structure of psychology utilizing a sample of over 500,000 abstracts of research articles and conference proceedings spanning two decades (1995–2015). To do so, we apply structural topic models to examine three research questions: (i) What are the discipline’s most prevalent research topics? (ii) How did the scientific discourse in psychology change over the last decades, especially since the advent of neurosciences? (iii) And was this change carried by high impact (HI) or less prestigious journals? Our results reveal that topics related to natural sciences are trending, while their ’counterparts’ leaning to humanities are declining in popularity. Those trends are even more pronounced in the leading outlets of the field. Furthermore, our findings indicate a continued interest in methodological topics accompanied by the ascent of neurosciences and related methods and technologies (e.g. fMRI’s). At the same time, other established approaches (e.g. psychoanalysis) become less popular and indicate a relative decline of topics related to the social sciences and the humanities.
Stichwort: Implementationsforschung zwischen Intervention und Transfer im Kontext von Mehrsprachigkeit und sprachlicher Bildung
Authors: Roth Hans-Joachim , Uçan Yasemin , Sieger Sonja , Gollan Christina
Published: June 2021

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ausgehend von der Unterscheidung in einen weiten und einen engen Implementationsbegriff nach Schrader et al. (2020) ein Überblick über den Stand der Implementationsforschung zu sprachlicher Bildung mit einem Schwerpunkt auf Mehrsprachigkeit gegeben. Dafür wird zunächst eine Systematik zum Verständnis von Implementationsforschung vorgelegt, an die sich eine Darstellung der zwei großen bundesweiten Programme im Feld der sprachlichen Bildung in Deutschland – FörMig und BiSS – anschließt, um den Entwicklungsprozess der Forschung zu Implementation von sprachlichen Bildungsmaßnahmen nachzuzeichnen. Im Anschluss werden weitere aktuelle Studien zur Sprachbildung und -förderung im Elementarbereich gesichtet und – als exemplarischer Blick auf die internationale Forschung zur Implementation mehrsprachiger Bildung – Ergebnisse zum Ansatz des Translanguaging präsentiert. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Standortbestimmung der aktuellen Implementationsforschung zu sprachlicher Bildung und Mehrsprachigkeit anhand von zusammenfassenden Thesen zu Anlage und Gelingensbedingungen von Implementation in der sprachlichen Bildung.
Application of pre-stack seismic waveform inversion and empirical relationships for the estimation of geomechanical properties in Ruby field, central swamp depobelt, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ugbor Charles Chibueze , Odong Peter Ogobi , Akpan Aniefiok Sylvester
Published: June 2021

Pre-stack seismic inversion, well log analysis approach and empirical relations were adopted in this study to better estimate geomechanical properties of Ruby field with minimum error. The use of conventional well log empirical method alone to evaluate geomechanical properties in oil/gas fields sometimes becomes problematic. Geomechanical properties were divided into: elastic moduli [Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus and Poisson ratio (PR)] and rock mechanical strength properties (closure stress ratio (CSR), brittleness (BRI) and compressibility). Four geomechanical earth models (CSR, BRI, Young’s modulus and PR) were generated from the inversion analysis to understand the distribution of rock strength properties across the field. The results deciphered high Young’s, shear and bulk modulus in the reservoir zone compared to the cap/seal rocks and a decrease in PR. This implies that, the cap/seal are more ductile and less compressible than the reservoir rocks, indicating that the reservoirs are highly brittle. CSR result reveals high in cap/seal indicating that the cap/seal rock are harder to fracture and has a greater chance to withstand higher compressive stress before failing as opposed to reservoir rocks. The inverted earth model shows that, Young’s modulus and brittleness increase toward the northeastern part of the field, while CSR and PR increase toward the southwestern part of the field. These results suggest that harder, stiffer, highly compressible and easily fractured rocks are found in the northern and eastern part of the field as opposed to the southern to western part of the field that is ductile.
Practitioner’s review: medication for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and comorbid conditions
Authors: Popow Christian , Ohmann Susanne , Plener Paul
Published: June 2021

Alleviating the multiple problems of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its comorbid conditions presents major challenges for the affected children, parents, and therapists. Because of a complex psychopathology, structured therapy and parent training are not always sufficient, especially for those patients with intellectual disability (ID) and multiple comorbidities. Moreover, structured therapy is not available for a large number of patients, and pharmacological support is often needed, especially in those children with additional attention deficit/hyperactivity and oppositional defiant, conduct, and sleep disorders.
A responsive ant colony optimization for large-scale dynamic vehicle routing problems via pheromone diversity enhancement
Authors: Su Yansen , Liu Jia , Xiang Xiaoshu , Zhang Xingyi
Published: June 2021

Large-scale dynamic vehicle routing problem (LSDVRP) is exhibiting extensive application prospect with the rapid growth of online logistics, whereas a few approaches have been developed to address LSDVRPs. The difficulty in solving LSDVRPs lies in that it requires quick response and high adaptability to numerous newly appeared customers in LSDVRPs. To overcome this difficulty, in this paper, we propose a responsive ant colony optimization algorithm, termed as RACO, for efficiently addressing LSDVRPs. In the proposed RACO, a pheromone diversity enhancing method is suggested to generate diverse pheromone matrices for quickly responding to newly appeared customer requests in solving LSDVRPs. A pheromone ensemble technique is further designed to produce a high-quality initial population that well adapts to the new customer requests by making use of diverse pheromone matrices. Empirical results on a set of 12 LSDVRP test instances demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested pheromone diversity enhancing method in quickly responding to newly appeared customer requests for solving LSDVRPs. Moreover, we investigate the computational cost and the traveling cost obtained by the proposed RACO to evaluate responsiveness and adaptability of the proposed RACO, respectively. Comparison with four state-of-the-art approaches to DVRPs validates the superiority of the proposed RACO in addressing LSDVRPs in terms of responsiveness and adaptability.
Nanoparticle–Cartilage Interaction: Pathology-Based Intra-articular Drug Delivery for Osteoarthritis Therapy
Authors: Li Xu , Dai Bingyang , Guo Jiaxin , Zheng Lizhen , Guo Quanyi , Peng Jiang , Xu Jiankun , Qin Ling
Published: June 2021

Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic and debilitating joint disease, resulting in huge medical and socioeconomic burdens. Intra-articular administration of agents is clinically used for pain management. However, the effectiveness is inapparent caused by the rapid clearance of agents. To overcome this issue, nanoparticles as delivery systems hold considerable promise for local control of the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents. Given the therapeutic programs are inseparable from pathological progress of osteoarthritis, an ideal delivery system should allow the release of therapeutic agents upon specific features of disorders. In this review, we firstly introduce the pathological features of osteoarthritis and the design concept for accurate localization within cartilage for sustained drug release. Then, we review the interactions of nanoparticles with cartilage microenvironment and the rational design. Furthermore, we highlight advances in the therapeutic schemes according to the pathology signals. Finally, armed with an updated understanding of the pathological mechanisms, we place an emphasis on the development of “smart” bioresponsive and multiple modality nanoparticles on the near horizon to interact with the pathological signals. We anticipate that the exploration of nanoparticles by balancing the efficacy, safety, and complexity will lay down a solid foundation tangible for clinical translation.
Noch immer auf der Suche nach dem heiligen Gral: Wie generisch oder fachspezifisch sind Dimensionen der Unterrichtsqualität?
Authors: Praetorius Anna-Katharina , Gräsel Cornelia
Published: June 2021

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, zentrale Aspekte der elf Positionsbeiträge des vorliegenden Themenheftes „Unterrichtsqualität – fachspezifisch oder generisch? Ein Update zu Perspektiven aus der Fachdidaktik und der allgemeinen Lehr-Lernforschung“ (Heft 2, 2021) im Hinblick auf die Frage nach der Fachspezifität von Dimensionen der Unterrichtsqualität zusammenzufassen und zu diskutieren. Als Grundlage für den Vergleich wird ein Syntheseframework verwendet, zu dem auch die Autor*innen des Themenheftes Stellung genommen haben. Es zeigt sich ein großes Ausmaß an Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen unterschiedlichen Fächern, darüber hinaus auch etliche fachspezifische Ergänzungsvorschläge (u. a. in Bezug auf kognitive Aktivierung und sozio-emotionale Unterstützung). Abschließend werden erste Ideen für eine zukünftige Weiterentwicklung der Frage nach der Fachspezifität im Allgemeinen sowie des Syntheseframeworks im Speziellen vorgeschlagen, die sich auf die Ziele von Unterricht, die Berücksichtigung von Lernprozessen sowie die Verbesserung von Unterrichtsqualität beziehen.
A Critical Evaluation of the FBST ev for Bayesian Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Ly Alexander , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: June 2021

The “Full Bayesian Significance Teste-value”, henceforth FBSTev, has received increasing attention across a range of disciplines including psychology. We show that the FBSTevleads to four problems: (1) the FBSTevcannot quantify evidence in favor of a null hypothesis and therefore also cannot discriminate “evidence of absence” from “absence of evidence”; (2) the FBSTevis susceptible to sampling to a foregone conclusion; (3) the FBSTevviolates the principle of predictive irrelevance, such that it is affected by data that are equally likely to occur under the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis; (4) the FBSTevsuffers from the Jeffreys-Lindley paradox in that it does not include a correction for selection. These problems also plague the frequentistp-value. We conclude that although the FBSTevmay be an improvement over thep-value, it does not provide a reasonable measure of evidence against the null hypothesis.
Metabolic engineering in woody plants: challenges, advances, and opportunities
Authors: Yu Shu , Bekkering Cody S. , Tian Li
Published: June 2021

Woody plant species represent an invaluable reserve of biochemical diversity to which metabolic engineering can be applied to satisfy the need for commodity and specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and renewable energy. Woody plants are particularly promising for this application due to their low input needs, high biomass, and immeasurable ecosystem services. However, existing challenges have hindered their widespread adoption in metabolic engineering efforts, such as long generation times, large and highly heterozygous genomes, and difficulties in transformation and regeneration. Recent advances in omics approaches, systems biology modeling, and plant transformation and regeneration methods provide effective approaches in overcoming these outstanding challenges. Promises brought by developments in this space are steadily opening the door to widespread metabolic engineering of woody plants to meet the global need for a wide range of sustainably sourced chemicals and materials.
The City of Babylon
Authors: Dalley Stephanie
Published: June 2021

The 2000-year story of Babylon sees it moving from a city-state to the centre of a great empire of the ancient world. It remained a centre of kingship under the empires of Assyria, Nebuchadnezzar, Darius, Alexander the Great, the Seleucids and the Parthians. Its city walls were declared to be a Wonder of the World while its ziggurat won fame as the Tower of Babel. Visitors to Berlin can admire its Ishtar Gate, and the supposed location of its elusive Hanging Garden is explained. Worship of its patron god Marduk spread widely while its well-trained scholars communicated legal, administrative and literary works throughout the ancient world, some of which provide a backdrop to Old Testament and Hittite texts. Its science also laid the foundations for Greek and Arab astronomy through a millennium of continuous astronomical observations. This accessible and up-to-date account is by one of the world's leading authorities.
Color and Empathy
Authors: Brinckmann Christine
Published: June 2021

The collection of essays brings together texts from two decades, documenting two of the author's ongoing areas of interest: the poetics of colour in film as well as affective viewer responses. Employing a bottom-up approach as a basis for theoretical exploration, each of the essays concentrates on a particular film or a number of related films to come to terms with a set of issues. These include the differences between black-and-white and color works, the emergence of bold chromatic schemes in the 1950s, experimental aesthetics of color negative stock, idiosyncratic uses of colour, idiosyncratic uses of motor mimicry, genre-specific reactions to the documentary, and empathetic reactions to animals and to architecture in film.
Government Ideology, Economic Pressure, and Risk Privatization
Authors: Horn Alexander
Published: June 2021

From the 1980s on, a privatization of labor market-related risks has occurred in the OECD. Governments have cut the generosity of social programs and tightened eligibility rules, particularly for the unemployed. Government Ideology, Economic Pressure, and Risk Privatization: How Economic Worldviews Shape Social Policy Choices in Times of Crisis analyses these curtailments for eighteen countries over the course of four decades and provides an encompassing comparative assessment of the interactive impact of government ideology and economic pressure. It demonstrates that the economic worldviews of governments are the most important factor in explaining why cuts are implemented or not. While ideas of non-intervention in the market underlie cuts in generosity, ideas of equality and fairness are at the heart of stricter eligibility criteria. This book also shows that the impact of the economic pressures often held responsible for the marginalization of politics and government ideology is in fact conditional on the specific ideological configuration.
Topographic Memory and Victorian Travellers in the Dolomite Mountains
Authors: Bainbridge William
Published: June 2021

Guided by the romantic compass of Turner, Byron, and Ruskin, Victorian travellers to the Dolomites sketched in the mountainous backdrop of Venice a cultural 'Petit Tour' of global significance. As they zigzagged across a debatable land between Italy and Austria, Victorians discovered a unique geography characterized by untrodden peaks and unfrequented valleys. The discovery of this landscape blended aesthetic, scientific, and cultural values utterly different from those engendered by the bombastic conquests of the Western Alps achieved during the 'Golden Age of Mountaineering'. Filtered through memories of the Venetian Grand Tour, the Victorian encounter with the Dolomites is revealed through a series of distinct cultural practices that paradigmatically define a 'Silver Age of Mountaineering'. This book shows how these practices are more ethnographic than imperialistic, more feminine than masculine, more artistic than sportive 'rather than racing to summits, the Silver Age is about rambling, rather than conquering peaks, it is about sketching them in an intimate interaction with the Dolomite landscape.