bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing vowel adaptation in English loanwords in Korean
Authors: Cho Mi-Hui , Lee Shinsook
Published: August 2024

This study explores the extent to which perceptual and other factors (i.e., orthography and standardization) affect vowel adaptation in English loanwords in Korean. It also examines whether perceptual variability gives rise to adaptation variability, and it further addresses whether the degree of perceptual influence in vowel adaptation is different from that in consonant adaptation. Data on Korean listeners’ perceptual mapping patterns for English vowels were collected in an English-to-Korean vowel category mapping experiment and compared to the patterns in a loanword database. The results indicate that perceptual factors have a great impact on the adaptation of English vowels into Korean, in line with de Jong and Cho’s (de Jong, Kenneth & Mi-Hui Cho. 2012. Loanword phonology and perceptual mapping: Comparing two corpora of Korean contact with English. Language 88. 341–368) findings for the adaptation of English consonants into Korean. Consequently, factors such as orthography and standardization are viewed as deviations from these perceptual influences. The impact of perceptual adaptation is, however, rather limited because the correlation between perceptual mappings and loanword mappings is less robust for English vowel adaptation than for English consonant adaptation possibly due to the less categorical nature of vowels relative to consonants. Additionally, the results show that increased strength of modal perceptual mappings is related to less loanword variability in vowel adaptation.
Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln unter Ausschluss des Bezugsrechts
Authors: Rubner Daniel
Published: August 2024

596Mit dem zum 1. März 2023 in Kraft getretenen Gesetz zur Umsetzung der Umwandlungsrichtlinie (UmRUG) ist die Möglichkeit geschaffen worden, ein im Verschmelzungs- oder Spaltungsvertrag vorgesehenes unangemessenes Umtauschverhältnis durch zusätzliche Aktiengewährung statt durch bare Zuzahlung zu kompensieren (§ 72a UmwG). Sofern dafür bei der übernehmenden Gesellschaft neue Aktien geschaffen werden, soll dies laut § 72 b UmwG im Wege einer Kapitalerhöhung gegen Sacheinlage erfolgen. Dieses Konzept scheitert jedoch nicht zuletzt daran, dass der Anspruch auf zusätzliche Aktiengewährung entgegen der Vorstellung des Gesetzgebers nicht sacheinlagefähig ist. Gefordert ist daher eine Korrektur des gesetzgeberischen Konzepts. Dies könnte etwa im Wege richterlicher Rechtsfortbildung erfolgen, und zwar durch Entwicklung des Instruments einer Kapitalerhöhung aus Gesellschaftsmitteln unter Bezugsrechtsausschluss.
Influence of Large-Scale Brain State Dynamics on the Evoked Response to Brain Stimulation
Authors: Kabir Amin , Dhami Prabhjot , Dussault Gomez Marie-Anne , Blumberger Daniel M. , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Moreno Sylvain , Farzan Faranak
Published: August 2024

Understanding how spontaneous brain activity influences the response to neurostimulation is crucial for the development of neurotherapeutics and brain–computer interfaces. Localized brain activity is suggested to influence the response to neurostimulation, but whether fast-fluctuating (i.e., tens of milliseconds) large-scale brain dynamics also have any such influence is unknown. By stimulating the prefrontal cortex using combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography, we examined how dynamic global brain state patterns, as defined by microstates, influence the magnitude of the evoked brain response. TMS applied during what resembled the canonical Microstate C was found to induce a greater evoked response for up to 80 ms compared with other microstates. This effect was found in a repeated experimental session, was absent during sham stimulation, and was replicated in an independent dataset. Ultimately, ongoing and fast-fluctuating global brain states, as probed by microstates, may be associated with intrinsic fluctuations in connectivity and excitation–inhibition balance and influence the neurostimulation outcome. We suggest that the fast-fluctuating global brain states be considered when developing any related paradigms.
Afectación psicológica de los profesionales de urgencias y emergencias extrahospitalarias ante la atención a la conducta suicida
Authors: Castillo Borredá Marta , Camús Jorques Desirée , Arroyo Salas Alba
Published: August 2024

La conducta suicida es un grave problema de salud pública que afecta a todos los grupos etarios, siendo protagonista de numerosas campañas de concienciación pública. Los profesionales de urgencias y emergencias extrahospitalarias se exponen a numerosos peligros relacionados con el entorno, desempeñando un trabajo sometido a un alto nivel de estrés así como a inclemencias ambientales y enfermedades ocupacionales. Por la parte psicológica, los profesionales de urgencias y emergencias extrahospitalarias cargan con elevadas exigencias emocionales que pueden producir ansiedad, agotamiento o desasosiego, haciéndoles un grupo de riesgo a presentar afectaciones psicológicas.
A Harcolás, Menekülés, Lefagyás Kérdőív magyar változatának (FFFQ–HU) pszichometriai jellemzői
Authors: Kapitány-Fövény Máté , Csigó Katalin
Published: August 2024

Elméleti háttér: Akut vagy krónikusan elnyúló fenyegetések esetén veleszületett, automatikusan aktiválódó védekezési reakciók jelennek meg: ezek között kiemelhető a harcolás, a menekülés és a lefagyás védekezési mechanizmusa. Ennek ellenére korábban nem volt elérhető magyar nyelven olyan mérőeszköz, amely specifikusan ezeket a reakciókat vizsgálta volna. Cél: A jelen vizsgálat célja a Fight, Flight, Freeze Questionnaire (FFFQ) magyarra történő adaptációja és a mérőeszköz pszichometriai jellemzőinek vizsgálata. Módszerek: A vizsgálatban kevert klinikai (183 szorongásos vagy hangulatzavarral diagnosztizált személy) és non-klinikai (311 egyetemi hallgató kontrollcsoportja) mintán konfirmatív faktorelemzéssel (CFA) vizsgáltuk meg az FFFQ–HU faktorszerkezetét. A mérőeszköz konvergens validitásának vizsgálata érdekében a résztvevők további, szorongást (Spielberger-féle Állapot- és Vonásszorongás Kérdőív Vonásszorongás Skála), depressziót (9 itemes Beck Depresszió Kérdőív), impulzivitást (Barratt Impulzivitás Skála módosított, 21 itemes magyar változata), viselkedésgátlást és aktivációt (Viselkedéses Gátló és Aktiváló Rendszer Skálák), valamint megküzdési módokat (Konfliktusmegoldó Kérdőív) mérő validált skálákat töltöttek ki. Eredmények: A CFA megfelelő modellilleszkedés mellett (RMSEA = 0,06; CFI = 0,96; TLI = 0,95) erősítette meg az FFFQ–HU elméleti, háromfaktoros szerkezetét. A konvergens validitás tekintetében a harcolás elsősorban az impulzivitással [rS(417) = 0,32; p < 0,001], a viselkedésaktiváció szórakozáskeresés dimenziójával [rS(417) = 0,26; p < 0,001], valamint a feszültségredukció [rS(417) = 0,46; p < 0,001] megküzdési módjával mutatott összefüggést. A menekülés elsődleges korrelátumai a depresszió [rS(417) = 0,64; p < 0,001], a viselkedésgátlás [rS(417) = 0,25; p < 0,001], valamint a feszültségredukció [rS(417) = 0,32; p < 0,001] voltak. A lefagyás leginkább a szorongással [rS(417) = 0,47; p < 0,001], a viselkedésgátlással [rS(417) = 0,52; p < 0,001], és a passzív megküzdéssel [rS(417) = 0,23; p < 0,001] mutatott jelentősebb együttjárást. A lineáris regresszió elemzések eredményei alapján a harcolás egyedüli szignifikáns és negatív magyarázó változója az iskolai végzettség volt (β = –0,19; p < 0,001), míg a menekülés és a lefagyás esetén a klinikai csoporttagság pozitív (β = 0,27; p < 0,001; β = 0,28; p < 0,001), míg az életkor negatív (β = –0,15; p < 0,01; β = –0,10; p = 0,04) prediktora volt a magasabb faktorátlagoknak. Következtetések: Az FFFQ– HU megfelelő pszichometriai jellemzői lehetővé teszik a mérőeszköz alkalmazását mind a kutatás, mind a klinikai gyakorlat területén. Az FFFQ–HU által mért védekezési reakciók fontos, potenciálisan a terápiás folyamatot is meghatározó információkat hordoznak.
A diabétesz okozta distressz és az életminőség összefüggései 2-es típusú cukorbetegséggel élők körében – szisztematikus irodalmi áttekintés
Authors: Heckenberger-Nagy Evelyn , Tiringer István
Published: August 2024

Háttér: Cukorbetegséggel élni megterhelő. Ezért, nem meglepő módon, ez a betegség nagyon gyakran érzelmi distresszt okoz, amelyet betegségre specifikusan diabétesz okozta distressznek hívunk. A cukorbetegséggel élők esetében a negatív érzelmi tünetek azonban nemcsak a pszichés jóllétre hatnak negatívan, hanem a magasabb distresszt megélő betegek alacsonyabb adherenciával jellemezhetőek, rosszabb glikémiás kontrollal rendelkeznek, és körükben magasabb a mortalitás is. A krónikus betegségek, így a cukorbetegség is nagymértékben rontja a szubjektív életminőséget, ráadásul a vonatkozó kutatások eredményei alapján a diabétesz okozta magasabb distressz rosszabb észlelt életminőséggel is együtt jár, és e két tényező külön-külön is, de együttesen is prediktora egyéb, a cukorbetegség önmenedzselésével kapcsolatos változóknak, mint amilyen például a glikémiás kontroll vagy az adherencia. Célkitűzés: Azonosítani néhány tényezőt és rizikófaktort amelyek a 2-es típusú cukorbetegséggel élő felnőttek körében befolyásolják a diabétesz okozta distresszt és az életminőséget. Módszerek: Tanulmányunkat a szisztematikus irodalomkutatás módszerével készítettük, angol nyelvű cikkeket keresve az EBSCO és az Embase adatbázisokban. Eredmények: A diabétesz distresszt és a betegséggel kapcsolatos életminőséget befolyásoló tényezők és rizikófaktorok egy része az ismertetett kutatások alapján beazonosítható, és általuk pontosabban meghatározhatók olyan beavatkozási pontok, amelyekkel a diabétesszel összefüggő distressz és annak következményei eredményesen csökkenthetőek.
Oral Examinations
Authors: Heaton Steve
Published: August 2024

The Buzz examines scholarly topics in light of present-day concerns and challenges. This edition centers on the sometimes-mundane nature of written examinations and how switching to oral examinations may be beneficial to students and professors. Editorial assistant Steve Heaton speaks from his experience as a teaching assistant and finds refreshing a recent piece by Krista Dalton, Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio. The piece is from the scholarly blog “Ancient Jew Review,” titled, “How I Give Oral Finals.” Our team agrees with Heaton as we hear more and more Bulletin readers’ anxious about grading in the age of artificial intelligence and large learning models.
Coptic Scriptorium
Authors: Schoening Kate
Published: August 2024

The Download is where we fill you in on all things digital as they pertain to our field. In this issue, editorial assistant Kate Schoening explored Coptic Scriptorium, a project also discussed by Sophia Honerkamp in The Interview. Schoening explores the site as a novice and brings that lens to her imagining the many lessons scholars can learn from it regardless of subfield.
Ancient Pasts, Digital Futures — Being Present with Prof. Caroline T. Schroeder
Authors: Honerkamp Sophia
Published: August 2024

In The Interview, we sit down with movers and shakers in the field to learn about the journey that brought them to where they are today. Usually, we bring you a modified version of our interview transcript so that you can read our guests’ remarks in their own words. This issue, we decided to try something a little different. Editorial Assistant Sophia Honerkamp sat with Dr. Caroline T. Schroeder, Professor of Women’s and Gender Studies at the University of Oklahoma and a core Professor in the Arts & Sciences Data Scholarship Program. Honerkamp explores how Schroeder came to work at the intersection of late antiquity, the digital humanities, and Women’s and Gender Studies.
The Museum Profession
Authors: Linn Trevor
Published: August 2024

In The Profession, our staff sits down with scholars at work in a variety of settings, in the academy and beyond. In this issue, we discuss the pitfalls and possibilities of the museum profession as described by current museum professional, Tara Young, in her new book, So You Want to Work in a Museum (2019). Between the freedom that an alt-ac job can provide to the difficulties a museum job holds, we pull back the curtain of this job field, the successes of current professionals working in a variety of museums, and the challenges they have overcome to be part of another educational community.
1Sm 28: Cinco leituras sobre um rei e uma necromante. Exercícios de hermenêutica rabínica e processo-relacional
Authors: Dias Marianno Lília , Raigorodsky Diego
Published: August 2024

A narrativa sobre Saul e a necromante (1 Sm 28) nos apresenta um interessante epi- sódio que reflete a atuação ou a censura das vozes de mulheres no papel de profetisas ou videntes na história do Antigo Israel. Nos tempos atuais, saber costurar distintas metodologias interpretativas na produção de um estudo mais profundo é uma com- petência desafiadora para os intérpretes da Bíblia. Trata-se de uma perícia nexialista que nos é apresentada pela hermenêutica processo-relacional. Neste artigo apresen- tamos uma análise sócio-histórica da perícope que é enriquecida por duas óticas que se cooperam: a hermenêutica rabínica e a hermenêutica processo-relacional.
Prostitutas ou Sagradas? A classe sacerdotal Qədēšâ na Bíblia Hebraica
Authors: Monteiro de Matos Sue'Hellen
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo objetivou-se apresentar uma discussão sobre as traduções do termo hebraico qədēšâ e suas flexões a fim de compreender a classe sacerdotal mencionada nos textos da Bíblia Hebraica. Para início da discussão, analisaram-se as evidências arqueológicas sobre qadištu, termo correlato no acadiano, que de- signa uma classe sacerdotal de mulheres amplamente atestada no Antigo Oriente Próximo, desde o período da Antiga Suméria, segundo milênio AEC, até o período neoassírio, 911-609 AEC. Em seguida, discutiu-se a tradição patriarcal interpre- tativa de qadištu e qədēšâ como “prostituta cultual”, concluindo que não há ne- nhuma evidência textual ou iconográfica que relacione estas classes sacerdotais com prostituição cultual. A partir desta argumentação, analisaram-se as narrativas bíblicas de Genesis 38,21-22, Oseas 4,14 e Deuteronomio 23,18, concluindo que qeḏēšâ “sagrada” refere-se a uma classe sacerdotal feminina de mulheres sagradas dedicadas ao serviço cúltico de uma ou mais divindades, e, plausivelmente, esta- vam a serviço do casal divino, Asherah e YHWH.
Profetisas de Sepur Zarco: Memoria y Justicia
Authors: Miranda García Gabriela
Published: August 2024

Siempre hubo mujeres profetas. Tanto en el texto bíblico como en la historia de la humanidad. Son mujeres cuya palabra es homologa a la palabra liberadora y reivin- dicadora de Dios. Durante el año 2018, un grupo de mujeres q’eqchi’, sobrevivientes de esclavitud sexual y doméstica en la Guerra Interna de Guatemala en los años ochenta, denunciaron a los militares agresores. Los militares fueron condenados por estas atrocidades. Y ellas, que desde aquellos años habían sufrido por el silencio y la estigmatización, mantuvieron su dignidad y su fortaleza y regresaron a su aldea, con la verdad de memoria entre sus manos. La fuerza de su denuncia es comparable a la denuncia en la profecía bíblica: directa, valiente, consiente. La historia de las mujeres de Sepur Zarco, nos ayuda a comprender que la profecía no pertenece solo el periodo bíblico, sino que se aviva en cada historia de resistencia. También, su valor nos alienta a la esperanza y nos obliga a mantener una opción política por el derecho a contar nuestra propia historia. Porque si algo permitió la profecía bíblica, es reconocer que existen otros relatos, que no siempre son contados, que se oponen al totalitarismo de un régimen, y que esta resistencia es también historia.
Jerusalén “ciudad de dios”: Una crítica al proyecto imperial y colonialista desde el Trito Isaías
Authors: Cristina Ventura María , Schiavo Luigi
Published: August 2024

El profeta Isaías, tradicionalmente considerado como uno de los puntos altos del Antiguo Testamento, por su apertura universal, revela desde una lectura crítica, pe- ligrosos elementos nacionalistas que apuntan a un proyecto imperialista y colonial, presente en la reconstrucción post exílica de Jerusalén. La tendencia a volverse co- munidad religiosa, alrededor del templo, de la Torá y del culto a Yahveh, acentúa su percepción auto referencial y universalista con tendencias coloniales, con relación a los demás pueblos. A partir del diálogo con diferentes autores y autoras, este estudio se apoya en la postura descolonial que caracteriza el pensamiento crítico latinoame- ricano, así como en la epistemología feminista, para destacar la importancia de leer la Biblia desde una propuesta de reconocimiento de las diversidades, proponiendo proyectos que se alejen de la violencia y promuevan la dignidad y el diálogo entre los pueblos.
Volverse Palestina
Authors: García Helder Gerardo
Published: August 2024

Este artículo pretende ser un tímido acercamiento al sufrimiento de tantas personas y pueblos que en la actualidad buscan esclarecer y defender su identidad y autonomía, y no lo consiguen. La literatura profana reclama hoy de los creyentes solidaridad, respeto y comprensión de tantas víctimas del egoísmo humano. Tal vez hoy se alzan más voces proféticas por fuera de las estructuras religiosas que dentro de ellas: nos conceda Dios la gracia de saber descubrirlas y valorarlas. “El mismo Señor me ha dado una lenga de discípulo, para que yo sepa reconfortar al fatigado con una palabra de aliento. Cada mañana, él despierta mi oído para que yo escuche como un discípulo” (Isaías 50, 4).
Aggressive Synchronous Papillary and Likely Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas in a Patient with Graves’ Disease
Authors: Sng Gerald Gui Ren , Tan Sarah Ying Tse , Chew Edwin Jun Chen , Mantoo Sangeeta , Chng Chiaw Ling
Published: August 2024

We report a case of an uncommonly aggressive presentation of the rare entity of synchronous papillary (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC) in a 67-year-old woman initially presenting with thyrotoxicosis from Graves’ disease. She was found to have two thyroid nodules with extensive intra-cardiac tumour thrombus, symptomatic left pelvis bony metastasis with pathological fracture, pulmonary metastases and mediastinal lymph node metastases. Further investigations suggested a diagnosis of synchronous papillary and metastatic follicular thyroid cancer. Treatment with radical surgery followed by adjuvant therapeutic radioiodine ablation was proposed, but the patient declined all forms of cancer-specific therapy and was elected solely for a palliative approach to treatment. We discuss the diagnostic considerations in arriving at the diagnosis of synchronous thyroid malignancy – in this case the clear features of PTC and the strong probability of FTC due to invasiveness and metastatic follicular lesions. This case underscores potential limitations of the ACR TI-RADS system, notably with certain ultrasonographic features suggesting malignancy that might not be adequately captured. Notably, the aggressive presentation of DTC in this case may be contributed by the concurrent presence of Graves’ Disease, suggesting heightened vigilance when assessing potential thyroid malignancies in such patients.
MallobSat: Scalable SAT Solving by Clause Sharing
Authors: Schreiber Dominik , Sanders Peter
Published: August 2024

SAT solving in large distributed environments has previously led to some famous results and to impressive speedups for selected inputs. However, in terms of general-purpose SAT solving, prior approaches still cannot make efficient use of a large number of processors. We aim to address this issue with a complete and systematic overhaul of the distributed solver HordeSat with a focus on its algorithmic building blocks. In particular, we present a communication-efficient approach to clause sharing, careful buffering and filtering of produced clauses, and effective orchestration of state-of-the-art solver backends. In extensive evaluations, our approach named MallobSat significantly outperforms an updated HordeSat, doubling its mean speedup. Our clause sharing results in effective parallelization even if all threads execute identical solver programs that only differ based on which clauses they import at which times. We thus argue that MallobSat is not a portfolio solver with the added bonus of clause sharing but rather a clause-sharing solver where adding some explicit diversification is useful but not essential. We also discuss the last four iterations of the International SAT Competition (2020–2023), where our system ranked very favorably, and identify several previously unsolved competition problems that MallobSat solved successfully. Last but not least, our approach is malleable, i.e., supports running on a fluctuating set of resources, which allows us to combine parallel job processing and parallel SAT solving in a flexible manner for best resource efficiency
COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON VISCOSITY AND STABILITY OF W/EG-BASED NON-NEWTONIAN HYBRID NANOFLUIDS
Authors: Painuly Ayush , Mishra Niraj Kumar , Zainith Prabhakar , Joshi Gaurav
Published: August 2024

This research explores the stability and rheological characteristics of hybrid nanofluids made from water-ethylene glycol (W/EG) and incorporating nanoparticles such as SiC, Al2O3, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The preparation involved a two-step method, and the nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stability assessment showed that Al2O3-MWCNT hybrid nanofluids are optically more stable than SiC-MWCNT as W/EG-based Al2O3-MWCNT hybrid nanofluids took longer to sediment. Al2O3-MWCNT hybrid nanofluids exhibited superior stability in visual tests over a period of 19-21 days while SiC-MWCNT nanofluid took 12-14 days to sediment. The rheological analysis revealed that higher particle concentrations resulted in increased viscosity, with SiC-MWCNT and Al2O3-MWCNT hybrid nanofluids showing viscosity increases of 3.56 and 3.98 times, respectively, in comparison to the base fluid. Conversely, raising the temperature from 25°C to 55°C led to a decrease in shear stress, with reductions of 72.8% and 64.8% observed for SiC-MWCNT and Al2O3-MWCNT hybrid nanofluids, respectively. Furthermore, the viscosity versus shear rate trends indicated a pseudoplastic or shear-thinning nature for both hybrid nanofluids with particle volume fraction above or equal to 0.1%.
New numerical technique for the inbuilt modified Cam clay constitutive model in Flac3D
Authors: Fisonga Marsheal , Hu Yongtao , Han Shijie , Deng Yongfeng , Kaunda Rennie B.
Published: August 2024

Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua (Flac) is a powerful numerical platform for simulating the deformation and stability of geotechnical structures. However, it has been documented that the modified Cam clay (MCC) constitutive model embedded in the Flac platform is deficient at solving geotechnical problems. A new calibration approach by determining the isotropic pre-consolidation pressure (PCP) multiplier based on the relationship between the total stress in the geotechnical problem and the reference pressure is presented in this article. The multiplier was used to establish the nominated maximum isotropic PCP and the maximum referential consolidation ratio at the bottom of the soil layer. Subsequently, the maximum isotropic PCP was used to determine the bulk maximum. In addition, the developed approach was used to investigate the lateral displacement of a large grid wall foundation by deep mixing under adjacent surcharge loading. The feasibility of the approach was validated using centrifuge results. The coefficient of determination (R2) between the lateral displacement obtained from numerical and centrifuge modelling was 0.95. The proposed numerical technique and calibration approach demonstrated that the embedded MCC model can be used to solve practical geotechnical problems.
An Analysis of Sport Employee Identification of NCAA Division I Compliance Employees
Authors: Melchert Morgan , Downs Benjamin , Walker Khirey , Johnson James
Published: August 2024

The current study examined NCAA Division I compliance employees utilizing Sport Employee Identification (SEI; Oja et al., 2020). Little academic inquiry has focused on the various ways sport employees, like NCAA compliance employees, identify with their organization. The current study attempted to establish SEI as an applicable construct in sport scholarship and examine potential outcomes of SEI. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine if SEI contributes to organizational behavior outcomes of job satisfaction, lower turnover intentions, and organizational citizenship behaviors with NCAA Division I compliance employees. The researchers utilized a demographic form and a 24-item survey including the SEI instrument, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and the relationship between SEI and organizational citizenship behaviors. Data analysis consisted of confirmatory factor analysis, multiple one-way analysis of variance to analyze the connection between demographic variables and SEI, and regression analyses to examine the relationship between SEI and potential organizational behavior outcomes. A total of 217 responses highlighted job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions as outcomes of SEI, while organizational citizenship behaviors lacked enough support as an outcome of SEI. The findings have the potential to assist intercollegiate executives in better managing their compliance personnel and understanding compliance identification processes.
TECNOLOGIAS EMERGENTES NA PRODUÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DE BIOSSURFACTANTES POR LEVEDURAS
Authors: Nascimento Pollyana Pereira do , Ferreira Hozana de Souza , Rufino Raquel Diniz , Sarubbo Leonie Asfora
Published: August 2024

Biossurfactantes são metabólitos secundários, produzidos por microorganismos para reduzir a tensão superficial entre fases imiscíveis. Leveduras, devido à sua versatilidade genética e capacidade de produção em larga escala, emergem como promissores produtores desses compostos. A biologia sintética tem desempenhado um papel fundamental ao possibilitar a engenharia genética de leveduras para otimização da produção de biossurfactantes. Este artigo de revisão integrativa explora as perspectivas e desafios associados à produção de biossurfactantes por leveduras na biologia sintética. Abordamos as técnicas avançadas de engenharia genética utilizadas para aumentar a produção e melhorar as propriedades dos biossurfactantes. Além disso, discutimos o potencial desses compostos em aplicações industriais, destacando sua biodegradabilidade e baixa toxicidade como vantagens ambientais. Contudo, diversos desafios precisam ser superados, incluindo a otimização de linhagens de leveduras para maximizar o rendimento e a eficiência dos processos industriais. Questões econômicas, regulatórias e ambientais também são cruciais para viabilizar a adoção desses produtos em escala comercial. Este estudo destaca a importância crescente da biologia sintética na pesquisa de biossurfactantes por leveduras, apontando para um futuro promissor de avanços tecnológicos e sustentabilidade na indústria. A integração contínua de novos conhecimentos em biotecnologia e microbiologia promete transformar positivamente o panorama industrial, contribuindo para práticas mais limpas e eficientes.
Application of Machine Learning in Identifying Premature Aging
Authors: Madina Suleimenova , Kuat Abzaliyev , Akbota Bugibayeva , Symbat Abzaliyeva , Diana Sundetova , Almagul Kurmanova , Absatarova Karashash , Ardak Nurbakyt , Jardemova K , Merey Abdykassymova , Raziya Ospanova , Nazipa Baizhigitova , Ulzhas Sagalbayeva , Raushan Bitemirova
Published: August 2024

Previously pathological ageing is known to be mainly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, which is caused by a combination of socioeconomic, metabolic, behavioural, and environmental risk factors. These include sex differences, age, high blood pressure, obesity, low physical activity, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, high cholesterol and glucose levels, and diabetes mellitus. All processes occurring in the human body are reflected in biochemical and immunological analyses, which may be markers of early cardiovascular aging. The authors investigated correlations between social factors such as education, work, gender, family life, disability, physical activity, smoking and alcohol, and clinical findings such as coronary heart disease (CHD), postinfarct cardiosclerosis (PICS), chronic heart failure (CHF), diabetes mellitus (DM), body mass index (BMI), glucose levels, total cholesterol (TC) and blood pressure (BP) in older individuals. The authors implemented the basic model using R programming language, RStudio version 2023.09.0+463 on a device running MacBook Air M1, 8 GB RAM to identify the association between clinical data and social life. Also, two mathematical models (1)-(3) were proposed to calculate the correlation in combination with traditional machine learning classifiers between clinical data (biomarkers) and the social life of a patient in the age group of 60-74 years, 75-89 years and 90 and above.
Jeofizik Yöntemler İle Kütle Hareketi Modellemesi: Karapürçek, Sakarya Örneği
Authors: Silahtar Ali , Karaaslan Hasan
Published: August 2024

Bu çalışma, sismisitesi yüksek, aynı zamanda jeomorfolojik yapısı ve yüksek yağış rejimi ile heyelan probleminin sıklıkla gündeme geldiği bölgelerden biri olan Sakarya ilinin Karapürçek ilçesinde meydana gelmiş bir kütle hareketinin bütünleşik jeofizik yöntemler ile modellenmesini amaçlamıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda heyelan yüzeyinde farklı fiziksel özelliklere duyarlı iki boyutlu (2B) elektik rezistivite tomografisi (ERT), aktif yüzey dalgaları analizi (MASW) ve mikrotremör (HVSR) yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Jeofizik kesitler ile heyelan içyapısının gerçeğe daha yakın modellenebilmesi için jeolojik zemin sondajlarına da başvurulmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen bütünleşik çalışmalarda, yüksek özdirence ve kayma dalgası hızına (Vs) sahip heterojen yapıda kırıklı-çatlaklı arkozik kumtaşı malzemesinin alışagelmiş kütle hareketi modellerinin aksine düşük özdirence ve Vs hızına sahip kiltaşı üzerinde hareket ettiği belirlenmiştir. Bu karakterizasyon mikrotremörden elde edilen doruk genlik frekans değerlerinin düşük frekanslara doğru hareketi ile de desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca alt kotlara doğru yeni kayma düzlemleri ile gerçekleşen ilerleyişin peneplen vadi sırtında bir rotasyona uğradığı ve farklı yönde bir kayma düzlemine evrildiği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar çalışma alanındaki kütle hareketini tanımlayan basitleştirilmiş bir şematik diyagram üzerinde de verilmiştir. Son olarak heyelan karakterizasyonu kapsamında gerçekleştirilen bu gibi çalışmaların kütle hareketini önlemedeki rolü ve farklı disiplinlere sağladığı katkı ortaya konmuştur.
Characterisation of parasympathetic ascending nerves in human colon v1
Authors: G Humenick Adam
Published: August 2024

This protocol explains how ascending nerves (also called “shunt fascicles”) in the plane of the myenteric plexus of human distal colon can be identified using fluorescence immunohistochemical labelling of wholemount preparations. It includes obtaining and handling live human tissue specimens, fixation, initial labelling to identification with a fluorescence microscope. This protocol was used in: Johnson ME, Humenick A, Peterson RA, Costa M, Wattchow DA, Sia TC, Dinning PG and Brookes SJH (2022). Characterisation of parasympathetic ascending nerves in human colon. Frontiers in Neuroscience: 16:1072002. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1072002).
Human Dorsal Root Ganglion bulk ATAC-seq protocol v1
Authors: Franco-Enzástiga Úrzula , Price Theodore
Published: August 2024

In this protocol, we describe how to perform bulk ATAC-seq on fresh human dorsal root ganglia.
UDA-5'RNA-protocol v1
Authors: Li Yun
Published: August 2024

Droplet microfluidics-based single-cell combinatorial indexing sequencing represents an attractive way to balance cost, scalability,robustness, and accessibility. However, current methods need a tailored protocol for specific modality respectively, which may limit their potential for automation. We introduce UDA-seq, universal droplet microfluidics-based combinatorial indexing for massive-scale single-cell multimodal sequencing. We demonstrate that when necessary, UDA-seq enables effectively generating more than 100,000 single-cell data in a single-channel experiment of droplet microfluidics. Meanwhile, UDA-seq provides a universal workflow foraccomplishing several multimodal tasks, including single-cell co-assay of RNA and VDJ, RNA and ATAC, and RNA and CRISPR guide RNA.
Publishing Generic Organ Scaffold as a SPARC Dataset v2
Authors: Lin Mabelle , Sorby Hugh
Published: August 2024

In this protocol, we will demonstrate how to prepare a generic organ scaffold for publication as a SPARC dataset using the Scaffold mapping tools. This protocol will ensure that a generic organ scaffold is made available and reusable to the community in a reproducible manner.
Sanger Tree of Life HMW DNA Extraction: Automated Plant Organic HMW gDNA Extraction (POE) v1
Authors: Jackson Benjamin , Howard Caroline
Published: August 2024

The Plant Organic HMW gDNA Extraction (POE) protocol acts as the Sanger Tree of Life's programmes mid-throughput, reserve gDNA extraction procedure for all plant species too recalcitrant to yield HMW gDNA of adequate quality or quantity with the Plant MagAttract v.4 protocol. Developed in-house, the POE protocol is highly efficient at isolating pure, high-quality and high molecular weight (HMW) gDNA from the majority of plant species to an extent adequate for long-read sequencing. The POE protocol is divided into four stages: (1) direct lysis of tissue homogenates with an SDS-based buffer containing reducing agents to mitigate oxidative DNA damage, (2) centrifugation and KDS-protein complex precipitation using potassium acetate, (3) gDNA isolation by two chloroform phase separations, (4) and gDNA capture/purification using a 1X Sera-Mag™ SpeedBead and 0.45X AMPure® PB double SPRI cleanup/size selection. Outcomes from 65–100 mg of fresh-frozen tissue homogenates are generally sufficient quantities (1-20 μg) of high purity, ultra HMW (uHMW; 100 kb+) gDNA adequate for multiple high-quality long-read sequencing events. However, outcome success is dependent on the plant species, tissue type and sample quality used. The output of this protocol is uHMW gDNA, which depending upon yield and genome size of the species can be directed downstream towards HMW DNA Pooling, HMW DNA Fragmentation: Diagenode Megaruptor®3 for LI PacBio or HMW DNA Fragmentation: g-Tube for ULI PacBio. Acronyms HMW: high molecular weight uHMW: ultra high molecular weight gDNA: genomic DNA SPRI: solid-phase reversible immobilisation LI: low input ULI: ultra-low input
Nuclei isolation and permeabilisation of fresh frozen human brain samples for 10X Genomics Multiome v1
Authors: Theunis Koen , Poovathingal Suresh , Geurs Sarah
Published: August 2024

This protocol details the procedure of nuclei isolation and debris removal from fresh frozen brain tissue in preparation for the 10X Genomics multiome ATAC/GEX assay.
Middle‐Class Versus Working‐Class White Mothers’ Approaches to Diversity in the Netherlands
Authors: Keskiner Elif , Schut Josje , Pels Trees , Distelbrink Marjolijn , Soeterik Inti , Mesic Amella
Published: August 2024

There is a large body of literature on how white middle‐class parents select schools for their children in gentrifying urban contexts. In this study, we aimed to explore the experiences of such parents after enrolling their children in ethnically mixed schools but also how these experiences varied in gentrifying urban contexts and smaller cities. We interviewed mothers without a migration background living in a large city (Amsterdam) or a medium‐sized city (Tilburg) who had chosen to send their children to an ethnically mixed school in a majority–minority neighbourhood, asking them to reflect on their neighbourhood choice, school choice, and subsequent experiences. Based on our analysis, we developed a typology of parents’ positions towards diversity, whereby they could be described as idealists, pragmatists, and realists. Aligned with previous studies, this article shows that the idealist position on diversity was more common among the white middle classes in Amsterdam, who expressed a positive attitude towards diversity but engaged with it to a controlled and limited extent. However, we also identified a group of mothers, mostly working class but also middle class, who did not take an idealized approach to diversity but embraced it as a lived reality. The study underlines the importance of mothers’ engagement with diversity during their own childhood and youth as an important factor in shaping parenting behaviour around diversity.
Late progression of renal cell carcinoma after 32 years: clinical case
Authors: Petrov L. O. , Izmailov A. A. , Ustimenko A. V. , Kalpinskiy A. S. , Izmailov A. A. , Alekseev B. Ya. , Ivanov S. A.
Published: August 2024

In 2022, renal cell carcinoma was the 10th (3.9 %) most common cancer in the Russian Federation. According to the World Health Organization, in 2020 431,288 new cases of kidney cancer were detected worldwide, and by 2040 the incidence will increase up to 605,726 cases. Local recurrence of the disease develops in 1.8–14.6 % of patients with localized and locally advanced kidney cancer who underwent radical nephrectomy. Surgery, if technically possible, is the gold standard for the treatment of patients with solitary or single (≤2) metastases of any location, and in most cases, it requires aggressive tactics.

Many large randomized trials have investigated adjuvant therapy using targeted drugs for renal cell carcinoma but no statistically significant differences in risk of death and progression irrespective of the drugs used or treatment duration has been shown. Currently, only the KEYNOTE-564 randomized trial has demonstrated an increase in recurrencefree survival in patients with intermediate-high and high risk renal cell carcinoma.

The article presents a clinical case of late progression of renal cell carcinoma in extraperitoneal lymph nodes 32 years after combination treatment (radical nephrectomy + external beam radiotherapy on the bed of the resected kidney).
Brachytherapy for organ-preserving treatment of bladder cancer
Authors: Zaborskiy I. N. , Safiullin K. N. , Smolenov E. I. , Shchukina E. O. , Chaykov V. S. , Troyanov A. V. , Dementiev I. O. , Karyakin O. B. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: August 2024

Bladder cancer is the 9th most common malignant tumor worldwide. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is an aggressive malignant neoplasm with a tendency for early metastases. The main approach for muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment is radical cystectomy with lymph node dissection and polychemotherapy. In recent decades, organ-preserving conservative therapy has been actively investigated. Currently, the most studied approach to organ-preserving treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer is the trimodality therapy which includes transurethral resection of the bladder wall with the tumor, chemotherapy, and external beam radiotherapy. The article presents an approach which additionally includes intratumoral radiation therapy. In our study, we have investigated the current state of brachytherapy in bladder cancer treatment and its development.
Malignant tumors of the urinary system associated with pregnancy
Authors: Chernyshova A. L. , Moseev V. A. , Chernyackov A. A. , Markovich V. A. , Trushchuk Yu. M. , Dil O. S. , Chernyshova A. E. , Arkhipova Ya. I.
Published: August 2024

Malignant neoplasms of the urinary system associated with pregnancy are extremely rare and occupy a small part in the overall structure of oncological pathologies in pregnant women and account for less than 1 %, while urinary tract cancer associated with pregnancy proceeds differently. Bladder cancer in general does not have aggressive characteristics, unlike kidney cancer, so its detection and timely treatment is associated with favorable outcomes for both mother and fetus. Kidney cancer, on the contrary, is capable of a lightning-fast course, has a greater ability to metastasize early and can cause death in a short period of time. The article presents clinical observations of patients with various locations of malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract, shows the difficulties of diagnosis, features of the clinical course, treatment and prognosis in this category of patients. It is clearly shown that treatment and obstetric tactics in each individual case should be personalized and involve a large multidisciplinary team of specialists with experience working with this category of patients.
Comparison of the effectiveness of radiation and surgical treatment methods in high and very high risk prostate cancer
Authors: Novikov S. N. , Samartseva E. E. , Novikov R. V. , Nosov A. K. , Protsenko S. A. , Buevich N. N. , Petrov S. B. , Ilyin N. D. , Merezhko Yu. O. , Antipov F. E. , Kanaev S. V.
Published: August 2024

Aim. To perform comparative analysis of overall and recurrence-free survival in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) of high and very high risk (HVHR) receiving combination treatment based on surgical or radiation therapy.

Materials and methods. Between 2012 and 2022 at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology (Saint Petersburg), 2 prospective studies were performed. In 138 patients with HVHR PCa (mean age 63.1 ± 6.6 years, median followup 28.7 (12.4; 45.6) months), comparative analysis of the effectiveness of radical prostatectomy with extended lymph node dissection in combination with neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy or without it was performed. In the parallel independent prospective study, in 220 patients with HVHR PCa (mean age 667 ± 6.5 years, median follow-up 61.3 (49.1; 82.3) months), the effectiveness of combination radiation therapy with simultaneous androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was evaluated: pelvic lymph nodes and prostate were irradiated in accordance with the standard dose fractionation (total focal dose 46–50 Gy) with subsequent additional prostate irradiation using brachytherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy.

Results. In the patient group receiving surgical treatment, actuarial 5-year survival without the signs of biochemical recurrence was 35.7–44.2 % which was significantly lower than 67.1 % in the group receiving radiotherapy with ADT (р <0.0001, log-rank test). Five-year overall survival did not significantly differ between the compared groups and amounted to 88–90 % (р = 0.84, log-rank test).

Conclusion. In patients with locally advanced HVHR PCa, radiotherapy in combination with ADT leads to significant increase in biochemical recurrence-free survival compared to patients who underwent prostatectomy with extended lymph node dissection including cases where surgery was combined with neoadjuvant ADT or chemohormonal therapy.
Post-traumatic cognitive disorders: the cholinergic therapy options
Authors: Levin O. S. , Nikitina A. Yu.
Published: August 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological disability in young and middle-aged people. Cognitive impairment is the most persistent and universal brain injury syndrome in cases of TBI and, moreover, the best indicator of TBI severity to predict its outcome. Cognitive impairment can persist persistently even after mild TBI, which accounts for 70–90 % of the total number of trauma patients. This may be due to the fact that in cases of mild TBI, the most fragile functions of integrative structures of the frontal and temporal lobes are slowly and not always completely recovered and the dominant clinical manifestation become complex neuropsychological disorders. Individuals with repeated mild TBI are characterized by development of chronic post-traumatic encephalopathy, that is a kind of neurodegenerative disease manifested by slowly increasing cognitive impairment, parkinsonism and a number of other neurological syndromes. Early detection and adequate correction of the cognitive impairments may improve the outcome of injury of diverging severity. Due to the fact that the pathogenesis of TBI is based on disorder of cholinergic system, the patients have predominance of regulatory disorders in the neuropsychological profile, as well as a combination of cognitive and affective disorders. Administration of acetylcholine precursors leads to rapid increase of free choline levels in plasma that penetrates the blood-brain barrier well and enhances cholinergic activity by increasing acetylcholine synthesis and release. The article considers the possibilities of using acetylcholine precursors in connection with their potential to block the progressive impairment of cognitive functions induced by trauma as well as to reduce severity of behavioral and affective disorders.
The Role of Parents and Teachers in the Formation of Career Guidance of Students in Pedagogical Professions
Authors: Shchelina S.O. , Patrikeeva E.G. , Levkina E.V.
Published: August 2024

The research is aimed at studying the role of parents and teachers in the formation of students’ career guidance for teaching professions. An empirical study was conducted with students of psychological and pedagogical classes (n = 45), their parents (n = 55) and teachers (n = 37). As a result, it was revealed: students as a whole are not focused on obtaining the teaching profession, they got into the profile class because of the desire of parents and the predominance of humanitarian subjects; parents, despite their interest, are directive in the professional choice of children; teachers demonstrate a greater focus on communication, which does not fully contribute to the formation of students’ orientation towards the teaching profession. The formative experiment is aimed at developing students’ awareness in choosing a profession and developing constructive support for children by teachers and parents through a correctional and developmental program. At the end of the study, students’ interest in the teaching profession increased, parents’ indicators of scales related to hyperprotection decreased, teachers’ focus on the subject came out on top.
Features of Addiction Propensity and Emotional Intelligence in Graduates of Physics and Mathematics Classes
Authors: Romantcheva S.S. , Busarova O.R.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the tendency to different types of addictive behavior in graduates of physics and mathematics classes. The sample consisted of 89 young men and women aged 18-26 years, the main group - graduates of physics and mathematics classes, 49 people, prize winners or winners of significant Olympiads; the control group - graduates of classes of other profiles or non-core classes, 40 people. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the inclinations to different types of addictive behavior of male graduates of physics and mathematics classes, the hypothesis of the study: graduates of physics and mathematics classes are more prone to workaholism and computer addiction than their peers. The tendency to 13 types of addictions was assessed using the method of G.V. Lozovaya, emotional intelligence was additionally assessed using the method of N. Hall. It turned out that graduates of physics and mathematics classes are more vulnerable in terms of their tendency to a number of addictions; in this group, multiple significant correlations were found between the tendency to various addictions and aspects of emotional intelligence, which allows us to consider the development of emotional intelligence of graduates of physics and mathematics classes as a means of reducing their tendency to addictive behavior.