bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rename and resist settler colonialism: Land acknowledgments and Twitter’s toponymic politics
Authors: Karsgaard Carrie , MacDonald Maggie , Hockenhull Michael
Published: February 2021

Connected with various resurgent and decolonizing projects, Canada has seen a surge of renaming and Indigenous land acknowledgement, which draw attention to Indigenous territories that have been overwritten through colonial naming practices. While renaming practices and land acknowledgments are contested for having merely representational effects, they may also be linked with decolonizing efforts. Our paper explores subversive (re)naming practices afforded by the free-form location identifying function on Twitter’s user profiles. It then draws a connection to issue-alignment in relation to the contested Trans Mountain pipeline as a means of considering to what extent toponymic selection is linked with actual issue alignment within the colonial context of resource extraction in Canada. We apply a mixed methods approach, based in digital methods that work with Twitter’s user profile location category. We extend our analysis through a qualitative reading of key subsets of the Twitter data, using a grounded theory approach to identify prevalent themes. In keeping with the anti-colonial nature of the tweets, we resist colonial categorization of the data and instead share an “un-typology” of Twitter toponyms, which we then connect to various expressions of anti-pipeline positioning. These mixed methods help us explore the entanglement of representational toponymic significance, infrastructural, in relation to the platform and the colonial nature of geolocational regimes online, and grounded, in relation to issue expression regarding the Trans Mountain pipeline.
Later-generation Descendants of Immigrants and Scholastic Effort
Authors: Autiero Giuseppina , Nese Annamaria
Published: January 2021

Later-generation descendants of immigrants generally negotiate their heritage and mainstream culture, and all the factors that affect the mediation play a crucial role. During early adolescence, the extent to which individuals may identify with the two cultures is largely determined by the attitudes of family towards integration and the attitudes of host countries in terms, for instance, of social rejection. We empirically assess the influence of heritage and dominant culture on teens’ scholastic effort and attitude towards school. The analysis relies on a sample of teens aged 14, born in the UK between 2000 and 2002; the data are drawn from the Millennium Cohort Study Sixth Sweep. The results show that ethnic background along with religion count and that the experience of social rejection has a negative influence. Overall, the evidence shows the possibility that all the factors that help the mediation between ethnic background and mainstream culture by promoting the development of a cohesive identity foster the motivation of scholastic effort.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: January 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2021.
Sustainable Program Management: Hierarchical Causal Systems
Authors: Lainjo Bongs
Published: January 2021

This research paper focuses on strengthening program management protocols, which can help in mitigating nuances along with duplication, and redundancies. In this context, seven components have been considered for facilitating the achievement of sustainable management of a development program. Thus, for conducting this study, a conceptual framework of the “CARROT-BUS” model has been taken into due consideration. CARROT mainly stands for Capacity, Accountability, Resources, Results, Ownership, and Transparency, which emphasizes enabling the environment while BUS is perceived as a bottom-up strategy. Correspondingly, this holistic and causal model can be considered to be conceptually synonymous with Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. Additionally, each step of the model needs to be well-defined and described. Hence, designing and implementing sustainable development programs can be considered to be complex. Therefore, the systems presented in this abstract are a way of addressing these complexities.

Herein, for conducting this study, secondary sources have been taken into high consideration. The use of these sources has significantly assisted in enhancing the existing knowledge on the identified issue in detail. Thus, the study has been able to understand the importance of sustainability in the present scenario, especially in project management. Based on the overall findings, it can be stated that sustainability is one of the key aspects, which are maintained by organizations all around the world for attaining success.
Animal abuse: Profile of the offender, typology of violence and forms of control
Authors: Kronhardt Scheffer Gisele , Ayres França Leandro , Da Silva Guedes André Felipe
Published: February 2021

This article aims to address animal abuse by analyzing the offender's criminological profile in terms of gender, age and social status. It also discusses the probable causes of criminal conduct against animals. It verifies, through the analysis and interpretation of data collected in a questionnaire applied to Brazilian Veterinarians, cases of animal abuse and the profile of the offender. Finally, it compiles the existing awareness measures in Brazil and in other countries and proposes solutions to the problems raised.
Dermoscopy to Differentiate Guttate Psoriasis from Pityriasis Rosea—a Mimicker
Authors: Makhecha Meena , Singh Tishya , Khatib Yasmeen
Published: January 2021

Background: Guttate psoriasis (GP) and pityriasis rosea (PR) are a part of papulosquamous disorders that have very similar clinical features and often require histopathology to confirm the diagnosis. Dermoscopy has emerged as a noninvasive, cost-effective technique that can aid in the diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases like GP and PR.

Objective: To study and compare the dermoscopic features of GP and PR.

Methods: Twenty consecutive patients each with GP or PR were enrolled in the study. The diagnoses of GP and PR were made clinically and on histopathology. Dermoscopic images were taken of the representative lesions from each patient using a manual dermoscope attached to a digital camera after applying ultrasound gel. Vascular morphology, vascular arrangement, background color, along with color and distribution of scales were noted in each case. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test to determine the significance of findings in both groups.

Results: The combination of a bright red background with dotted vessels in uniform diffuse distribution with diffuse white scales was highly specific for the diagnosis of GP. Lesions of PR showed a red background with dotted blood vessels in nonspecific distribution. Scales were either white in color or brown pigmented with patchy distribution. Brown pigmentation and brown dots were additional findings in cases of PR.

Conclusion: Combinations of dermoscopic patterns can aid in the diagnosis of GP and PR in the majority of the cases.
Skin Cancer and Dermoscopy Training for Primary Care Physicians: A Pilot Study
Authors: De Bedout Valeria , Williams Natalie , Muñoz Ana , Londoño Ana , Munera Manuela , Naranjo Natalí , Rodriguez Lina , Toro Alejandra , Miao Feng , Koru-Sengul Tulay , Jaimes Natalia
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy and effect of an educational training on skin cancer course and dermoscopy use among primary care physicians in rural areas of Colombia. The secondary objective was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of skin cancer diagnosis and detection rate after 3 months of the initial training.

Methods: Twenty-one primary care physicians from 6 rural areas of Colombia participated in a 2-day skin cancer and dermoscopy training, followed by a day-long hands-on session on dermoscopy at a free skin cancer screening event. Pre- and post-tests were performed using clinical and dermoscopic images to evaluate the user’s ability to diagnose and differentiate benign and malignant neoplasms. In addition, participants’ levels of confidence were assessed.

Results: After the training, the sensitivity and specificity of characterizing skin lesions as benign or malignant or providing a specific diagnosis (ie, angioma, seborrheic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, etc.) increased by 23.6% (62.9% to 86.5%; P < 0.0001) and 21% (54.7% to 75.7%; P < 0.0017), respectively. In addition, levels of confidence when diagnosing skin lesions changed from extremely low or low, to high or extremely high by 20.7% (38.3% to 59%) using dermoscopic images (odds ratio (OR) 3.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.67-3.86; P < 0.0001). The secondary objective was not achieved due to loss of follow-up of the majority of participants.

Conclusion: Providers serving populations with limited healthcare access may benefit from education in diagnosing and differentiating skin cancer with the use of dermoscopy, which may ultimately improve patient care and reduce healthcare costs.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dermatology Practice Worldwide: Results of a Survey Promoted by the International Dermoscopy Society (IDS)
Authors: Conforti Claudio , Lallas Aimilios , Argenziano Giuseppe , Dianzani Caterina , Di Meo Nicola , Giuffrida Roberta , Kittler Harald , Malvehy Josep , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , Soyer H. Peter , Zalaudek Iris
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The International Dermoscopy Society (IDS) conducted an online survey to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on the daily practice of dermatologists working with skin cancer patients, to collect data regarding the frequency of skin manifestations noticed by the members, and to obtain information about the use of teledermatology during the pandemic.

Methods: All IDS members were asked to fill in a questionnaire, sent by email. A questionnaire available in English was sent to all IDS members (≈16.0000 members) by email. The questionnaire was anonymous, with a compiling time of less than 5 minutes. The survey was open for 30 days (from April 24, 2020 to May 24, 2020) and it could only be filled out once.

Results: Overall, 678 dermatologists responded to the questionnaire; 334 members stated that there has been a reduction of more than 75% in daily work activity during the pandemic, 265 dermatologists worked fewer days per week, and 118 experienced telemedicine for the first time. Acrodermatitis was the most frequently observed skin manifestation (n = 80) followed by urticarial rash (n = 69), morbilliform rash (n = 53) and purpuric manifestation (n = 40). In regard to the role of teledermatology, 565 dermatologists reported an increased number of teleconsultations, and the number of melanomas diagnosed during the pandemic was practically 0 for 385 (56.78%) of respondents.

Conclusion: This survey highlights that the outbreak had a negative impact on most dermatology services, with a significant reduction in consultation time spent for chronic patients, and an increased risk of missed melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) diagnosis. Moreover, our study confirms earlier findings of a wide range of skin manifestations associated with COVID-19.
Temperatura da pele de diferentes áreas corporais de idosos sem risco para lesões por pressão
Authors: Soares Rhea Silvia de Avila , Lima Suzinara Beatriz Soares de , Eberhardt Thaís Dresch , Silveira Lidiana Batista Teixeira Dutra , Pozzebon Bruna Rossarola , Rodrigues Liane Rocha , Alves Paulo Jorge Pereira
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: identificar a temperatura da pele de diferentes áreas corporais de idosos hospitalizados em unidade de clínica cirúrgica sem risco de desenvolver lesões por pressão a partir da Escala de Braden. Método: estudo correlacional descritivo, com corte transversal, realizado em unidade de clínica cirúrgica de um hospital universitário de maio a outubro de 2017, com 84 pacientes. Realizada análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: a região sacral apresentou média de temperatura mais alta e o calcâneo direito a mais baixa. Não há diferença na temperatura da pele entre os lados direito e esquerdo nas escápulas, trocânteres e calcâneo; entre os sexos e raças. Quando mensurada das 9:00 às 13:00h, a temperatura dos calcâneos foi menor do que quando mensurada das 13:01 às 17:00h na região dos calcâneos. Conclusão: a região sacral apresenta a média mais alta de temperatura da pele, em relação às áreas mensuradas. Há simetria entre os lados corporais.
Técnica da entrevista discursiva em pesquisa qualitativa: relato de experiência
Authors: Pucci Vanessa Rodrigues , Machado Roberta Antunes , Cardano Mario , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Weiller Teresinha Heck
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: descrever uma experiência de estudo, reflexão e prática de realização da entrevista discursiva. Método: consiste num relato de experiência sobre o desenvolvimento e prática da técnica de entrevista discursiva, realizada entre setembro e dezembro de 2019, durante a disciplina de Metodi Qualitativi per la ricerca sociale, na Università degli Studi di Torino, na Itália. Foram aplicadas três entrevistas discursivas aos integrantes de uma associação ítalo-brasileira, utilizando uma amostragem valanga (técnica da bola de neve). Resultados: apresentam as etapas que antecedem a realização da entrevista discursiva, como o contato com o campo de pesquisa e com o tema que foi pesquisado, a elaboração do roteiro para entrevista, sua execução e sua transcrição. Conclusão: a entrevista discursiva é uma técnica que permite a compreensão da ação dos participantes e do seu contexto social. Por não aplicar questões predeterminadas, valoriza o que emerge no processo de integração.
Primeiros socorros como objeto de educação em saúde para profissionais de escolas municipais
Authors: Lima Priscila Alvim , Oliveira Thaísa Mariela Nascimento , Moreira Ana Cândida Martins Grossi , Moreira Ricardo Castanho , Martins Eleine Aparecida Penha , Costa Aline Balandis
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento dos profissionais de escolas municipais após a prática educativa de atendimento de primeiros socorros na infância. Método: estudo quase‑experimental, quantitativo. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário sobre primeiros socorros na infância, aplicado antes e após uma prática educativa com 88 profissionais. Na análise dos dados, adotou-se o percentual de acertos para cada questão e a média percentual de acertos total. Aplicaram-se os testes McNemar e Wilcoxon. Resultados: após a prática educativa, houve aumento significativo no percentual de acertos em seis questões, redução do acerto em uma questão; e não alteração em duas questões, totalizando em 30% o acréscimo da retenção de conhecimento. Conclusão: o nível de conhecimento prévio dos profissionais sobre primeiros socorros foi relativamente baixo, entretanto observou-se uma apreensão de conhecimento significativo após a prática educativa, que poderá contribuir para o atendimento inicial de qualidade à vítima.
« On est plus chaud ! Plus chaud ! Plus chaud qu’le lacrymo ! »
Authors: Poupin Perrine
Published: February 2021

Les Gilets jaunes est un mouvement de protestation, toujours en cours, qui a débuté en novembre 2018 sous la forme notamment de manifestations et d’occupations de ronds-points sur tout le territoire français. Cet article analyse les expériences du maintien de l’ordre chez les manifestants et comment au fil des situations et des manifestations, les manifestants ont découvert puis thématisé le problème des « violences policières ». Après avoir décrit les principaux événements répressifs tels qu’ils ont été vécus en situation par les manifestants, il montre comment les expériences de violences policières ont été mises en commun, dans les conversations de rue, sur les réseaux sociaux et sur les ronds-points. Ces expériences ont fait émerger un public qui a engagé de nombreuses enquêtes, discussions et expérimentations et qui a rencontré d’autres publics du même problème. Il explique pourquoi le problème des violences policières est devenu très vite l’un des motifs de dénonciation et de mobilisation du mouvement.
STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS OF RELIGION-BASED HATE SPEECH IN SOCIAL MEDIA: A CASE STUDY OF THE DIRECTORATE INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY AT POLDA METRO JAYA
Authors: Prakoso Gilang Reno , Runturambi Arthur Josias Simon
Published: January 2021

The development of communication technology continues to advance rapidly. Social media is able to present individual voices that have never been heard through mainstream media coverage before. In Indonesia, the changes in the world have become increasingly clear when the era of communication has flooded the lives of religious communities. Religious discourse in Indonesia in recent years has been colored by accusations of religious intolerance in the form of hate speech through social media. The prohibition on the construction of houses of worship, prohibition of book discussions, attacks on certain groups, heresy from certain religious groups, threatening expressions of hatred, and so on are a series of acts of religious intolerance so that the potential for social conflict appears clearly. The Police Intelligence and Security as an institution that has the obligation to carry out early detection of threats must play an active role in making prevention and anticipation efforts. This research examines the Strategic Intelligence Analysis of Religious-Based Hate Speech on Social Media by the Directorate of Intelligence and Security at Polda Metro Jaya.
GENDERED SPACE IN THE JAVANESE NOBLE HOUSE OF PANGERAN MERTADIREJA III
Authors: Amalia Yesi Syafira , Marwoto Irmawati
Published: January 2021

Javanese traditional house are built to reflect the microcosm and microcosm of the Javanese philosophy of living. For the Javanese, duality and balance are two important concepts, which is reflected spatially through the how their houses are organized: inside and outside, left and right, rest area and activity area, as well as masculine and feminine spaces. This research discusses the meaning of gendered space in the house nDalem Pangeranam Mertadireja III. Gendered space is the main focus of discussion because gendered activities both shape and are shaped by gendered spaces. Ndalem Pangeranan Mertadireja III is a traditional Javanese house built in 1901 by the 17th Banyumas Regent, Pangeran Adipati Aria Mertadireja III. The house is located in Banyumas, Central Java. The purpose of this study is to analyze how gender is reflected in space, and how gendered resistance can then be observed spatially. This research concludes that within the Mertadireja house, masculine spaces are open, clean, and located in the front and right side of the house. In contrary, feminine spaces are closed, dirty, and located in the back and left side of the house. However, resistance is reflected spatially when women make use of masculine spaces.
SKCK AS AN EARLY WARNING EFFORTS OF YOUTH VIOLENCE ON FEELING
Authors: Andriansyah Azis , Ghofur Hanief Sahal
Published: January 2021

A series of ratification of laws in Indonesia from 2019 to 2020 prove that legislative work has increased rapidly, especially since there are still many laws that are still in the deliberation stage. On the other hand, the ratification has received rejection from several groups, although the objections in the form of demonstrations are protected by law and guaranteed by law, it is uncommon for demonstrations to end in anarchist actions that harm the state, society, and social environment. What is worrying is that the anarchist actions involve teenagers who are included in the underage category. According to Law No. 9 of 1998 on the freedom to express opinions in public, it does provide freedom for Indonesian citizens to express their views. However, it is unfortunate that the demonstrations that are followed by teenagers, on this matter from vocational and high school students, usually take place in a riot, even though most of them also do not notice what things they aspire from the beginning. The theories used in this journal are mass mobilization theory, freedom of speech theory, and juvenile delinquency theory. The methodology used is qualitative by processing data from primary and secondary sources. A demonstration that took place in the ribs would be a bad pretend for the development of democracy in Indonesia. Consequently, to minimize unrest with the demonstrators, the National Police tried the option to tighten the provision of SKCK(police certificate of good conduct) for rioters in demonstrations, this was aimed at being a preventative medium for students so that want to control their behavior.
INDONESIA’S OWN ‘PYRAMID’: THE IMAGINED PAST AND NATIONALISM OF GUNUNG PADANG
Authors: Sulistyowati Dian , Foe Aldo W.
Published: January 2021

A narrative commonly found within the discourse of nationalist archaeology is the polemic of ideology at the expense of empiricism. There are many examples of the manipulation of archaeological data in the service of the state’s nationalist or imperialist ideology, and such efforts produce narratives in which archaeology is treated as inherently apolitical. This paper explores the interactions between and within multiple stakeholders –the state, archaeologists, and the media – and their roles in the construction of national myths, and their consequences for local populations. It highlights recent controversies surrounding the re-interpretation of the megalithic site of Gunung Padang in Western Java, Indonesia. The case of Gunung Padang offers an opportunity to observe how national myths are both constructed and contested in recent times. This paper argues that the intersections between archaeology and popular media contributed to a skewed understanding of the past and generated specific categories of acceptable national myths which, in turn, directed nationalistic research.
ADJECTIVES PERTAINING TO GOOD AND EVIL IN THE TALES OF THE BROTHERS GRIMM AND THEIR UNIVERSAL VALUES
Authors: Wulandari Julia , Darmojuwono Setiawati
Published: January 2021

The values of good and evil in the tales recounted by the Brothers Grimm are so universal that they have become an integral part of world literature. The research data for this paper was compiled from three tales, Aschenputtel (Cinderella), Rapunzel, and Schneewittchen (Snow White). This research project analyzed the language used in the stories to assess the values of virtue and evil that prevailed in reality in German society at the time the stories were compiled, and that are still valid today. This paper intends to describe the 19th century German concepts of good and bad, the pan-German values embedded in the folktales, and their universal moral appeal to diverse cultures of global human civilization. Qualitative literature study and descriptive data analysis are the methods employed in this investigation. The results indicate that the concept of virtue refers to beauty and generosity, but being good causes the protagonists to suffer. On the other hand, the concept of evil, as described in the three Grimm brothers stories that have been analyzed, refers to heartlessness and wickedness. The antagonists keep endangering the protagonists but eventually, the good characters live happily ever after. The conflict between good and evil is presented through the daily activities of human life that apply to people of varied cultural backgrounds.
REDISCOVERING ARCHAEOLOGY USING THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF SERANG CITY, BANTEN PROVINCE FOR COMMUNITY RECOVERY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Akbar Ali , Taqyuddin Taqyuddin , Cholid Sofyan , Hendra Hendra
Published: January 2021

Many archaeological researches have been conducted in Serang City, Banten Province for decades so that a significant amount of knowledge has been produced. The Public Archaeology approach, especially museums and cultural resource management, has also been applied. However, these efforts have not been maximized resulting in several problems. Particularly, since 2020, COVID-19 pandemic has affected various fields and sectors, including the cultural sectors related to the preservation and management of cultural heritage in Serang City. The efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 have been carried out by implementing health protocols and large-scale social restriction policies including on the sites and museums. The pandemic along with its uncertainty opens the potential for some problems to increasingly influence the social and political aspects; for instance, the income of the local community has decreased. Thus, a new approach known as Rediscovering Archaeology is needed to reduce the existing problems. This approach is carried out by conducting a research followed by a community service involving multidisciplinary knowledge and several related parties or Penta Helix. The methods include field observation, interviews, and ongoing mentoring. This approach has been shown to reduce the potential social and political tensions in society. This approach also convinces related parties that archaeological heritage can be a cultural capital in dealing with the pandemic and is expected to generate prosperity for the community in the future.
PRIVACY INSIDE SOVIET COMMUNAL LIFE IN THE FILM ДЫЛДА BY KANTEMIR BALAGOV
Authors: Shintamega Erischa Dwi , Widyastuti Thera
Published: January 2021

Russia has a culture of communal living that already existed far before the Soviet era. In the soviet regime, communal living was seen as an instrument to reach Soviet’s utopian objective. In order to minimize dissident movements and rebellions, people are pressed to live together so they can watch each other. As a result, no Russian word could describe privacy, the concept itself did not grow in Russian society. Although consciousness of privacy needs began to grow. In the meantime, people around the world start to fix privacy issues by formulating the law, while Soviet people still dealing with the concept itself. Many of Russian films shows the privacy issue in Soviet communal life, one of them is a film by Kantemir Balagov (2019) titled Дылда/Dylda (Beanpole). The film is relatively new, therefore, not much previous research about it. By analyzing how the film Дылда shows privacy in Soviet communal life, it will reveal that now is seeing privacy as an issue. With the three dimensional view of CDA, the result obtained is that critiques arise for this ‘crisis of privacy’ as a consequence of lacking privacy by people outside Soviet.
Thyroid Function and Anti-TPO Antibody Status among Tribal Perimenopausal Women Near Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Authors: Manjula KS , Reena R , Jaswanth Swapna , Usha SMR
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Higher prevalence of thyroid diseases are noted with increasing age. Symptoms of thyroid disorders often develop so insidiously, that they go unnoticed and there is also the risk of being misinterpreted for menopausal symptoms. Present study was executed in view of paucity of data regarding thyroid disorders among tribal perimenopausal age group and there was a need for timely intervention of this chronic non-communicable disorder among these women. Aim: To determine the thyroid function and anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (anti-TPO Ab) status among the tribal perimenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months from July 2017 to December 2017 among perimenopausal women in the age group of 40-55 years residing at Hakki Pikki Tribal Colony near Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Total T3 (Total Tri iodothyronine), Total T4(Total Tetraidiodothyronine) and anti-TPO antibody levels were estimated by Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay (CLIA). Data was analysed using Open Epi software to find out Mean±SD, p-value (Student’s t-test with significance set at p<0.05) and r-value (Pearson’s correlation coefficient). Results: Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) was observed in 3 (7.32%) women and anti-TPO Ab positivity (anti-TPO antibody level >30 IU/mL) was found in 14 (34.14%) women amongst 41 perimenopausal subjects. Raised anti-TPO Ab was observed in all the 3 (100%) SCH women and 11 (26.82%) euthyroid women. Significant difference (p<0.001) between anti-TPO Ab values among SCH and euthyroid women with significant positive correlation (r-value 0.7023 and p<0.05) between TSH and anti-TPO Ab values in anti-TPO Ab positive women was noted. Conclusion: Anti-TPO Ab positivity was seen in 34% of perimenopausal women, out of them majority 79% was in euthyroid state and 21% had SCH. Hence in addition to routine thyroid profile, we suggest estimation of anti-TPO Ab levels in this age group.
Investigating István Mayer's “improved” definitions of bond orders and free valence for correlated singlet‐state wave functions
Authors: Cooper David L. , Ponec Robert , Karadakov Peter B.
Published: January 2021

Chosen from István Mayer's very impressive canon of important work on bond orders and related quantities, we explore a paper from 2012 which introduced a “pseudo spin density matrix” for correlated singlet‐state wave functions, leading to “improved” definitions of bond orders and free valence. Examining such “improved” bond orders for the singlet ground states of H2, N2and CH+we find that all of them exhibit sensible geometry dependences. Mayer's free valence index works well for H2and N2; the asymptotic behavior for CH+turns out to be slightly more complicated but can easily be explained. Using B2H6to examine three‐center bonding, a simple generalization of Mayer's approach produces numerical results close to those based on the “pseudo spin density matrix.” As expected, the various “correction” terms remain small, albeit some of them are larger for the multicenter indices of ground and excited singlet states of benzene, S2N2and square (D4h) cyclobutadiene.
On the Bloch–Kato conjecture for Hilbert modular forms
Authors: Tamiozzo Matteo
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to prove inequalities towards instances of the Bloch–Kato conjecture for Hilbert modular forms of parallel weight two, when the order of vanishing of the L-function at the central point is zero or one. We achieve this implementing an inductive Euler system argument which relies on explicit reciprocity laws for cohomology classes constructed using congruences of automorphic forms and special points on several Shimura curves.
Development, validation, and application of a quantitative volumetric absorptive microsampling–based method in finger prick blood by means of LC-HRMS/MS applicable for adherence monitoring of antipsychotics
Authors: Jacobs Cathy M. , Wagmann Lea , Meyer Markus R.
Published: January 2021

Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), an emerging microsampling technique, is expected to overcome some disadvantages of dried blood spots such as volume inaccuracy and influence of hematocrit (HT). This study aimed to develop and evaluate a VAMS-based strategy for quantification of 13 frequently prescribed antipsychotics in finger prick blood within the scope of adherence monitoring to complement already-established qualitative urine analysis. The final workflow consisted of VAMS tip hydration and subsequent precipitation. Samples were analyzed by using reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and Orbitrap mass spectrometry operated in parallel reaction monitoring mode. The analytical procedure was successfully validated based on international recommendations at three different HT values (20%, 40%, 60%) for most of the analytes. Selectivity and within/between-run accuracy and precision were in accordance with the recommendations in most cases. Internal standard–normalized matrix factor met recommended criteria for all analytes at HT 40%. For the HT values of 20% and 60%, only four substances did not meet the criteria. Dilution integrity was given for all substances, except for olanzapine, allowing a quantification over the whole therapeutic range of selected antipsychotics. Long-term stability in VAMS tips was tested and revealed degradation of five antipsychotic drugs after 1 week of storage at 24 °C. A proof of concept of the applicability of the method was obtained by quantification of a selection of the 13 antipsychotic drugs in VAMS tips and matched plasma samples. Results were coherent between matrices. Thus, VAMS was shown to be a promising alternative for adherence monitoring of at least the investigated antipsychotics.
Top–down task-specific determinants of multisensory motor reaction time enhancements and sensory switch costs
Authors: Barutchu Ayla , Spence Charles
Published: January 2021

This study was designed to investigate the complex interplay between multisensory processing, top–down processes related to the task relevance of sensory signals, and sensory switching. Thirty-five adults completed either a speeded detection or a discrimination task using the same auditory and visual stimuli and experimental setup. The stimuli consisted of unisensory and multisensory presentations of the letters ‘b’ and ‘d’. The multisensory stimuli were either congruent (e.g., the grapheme ‘b’ with the phoneme /b/) or incongruent (e.g., the grapheme ‘b’ with the phoneme /d/). In the detection task, the participants had to respond to all of the stimuli as rapidly as possible while, in the discrimination task, they only responded on those trials where one prespecified letter (either ‘b’ or ‘d’) was present. Incongruent multisensory stimuli resulted in faster responses as compared to unisensory stimuli in the detection task. In the discrimination task, only the dual-target congruent stimuli resulted in faster RTs, while the incongruent multisensory stimuli led to slower RTs than to unisensory stimuli; RTs were the slowest when the visual (rather than the auditory) signal was irrelevant, thus suggesting visual dominance. Switch costs were also observed when switching between unisensory target stimuli, while dual-target multisensory stimuli were less likely to be affected by sensory switching. Taken together, these findings suggest that multisensory motor enhancements and sensory switch costs are influenced by top–down modulations determined by task instructions, which can override the influence of prior learnt associations.
Nonnegative solutions for the fractional Laplacian involving a nonlinearity with zeros
Authors: Alarcón Salomón , Iturriaga Leonelo , Ritorto Antonella
Published: January 2021

We study the nonlocal nonlinear problem $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}[c]{lll} (-\Delta )^s u = \lambda f(u) &{} \text{ in } \Omega , \\ u=0&{}\text{ on } \mathbb {R}^N{\setminus }\Omega , \quad (P_{\lambda }) \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

(
-
Δ
)

s

u
=
λ
f

(
u
)

in

Ω
,

u
=
0

on

R

N

\
Ω
,

(

P
λ

)

where $$\Omega $$
Ω
is a bounded smooth domain in $$\mathbb {R}^N$$

R

N

, $$N>2s$$

N
>
2
s

, $$0<s<1$$

0
<
s
<
1

; $$f:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow [0,\infty )$$

f
:
R
→
[
0
,
∞
)

is a nonlinear continuous function such that $$f(0)=f(1)=0$$

f
(
0
)
=
f
(
1
)
=
0

and $$f(t)\sim |t|^{p-1}t$$

f

(
t
)

∼

|
t
|

p
-
1

t

as $$t\rightarrow 0^+$$

t
→

0
+

, with $$2<p+1<2^*_s$$

2
<
p
+
1
<

2
s
∗

; and $$\lambda $$
λ
is a positive parameter. We prove the existence of two nontrivial solutions $$u_{\lambda }$$

u
λ

and $$v_{\lambda }$$

v
λ

to ($$P_{\lambda }$$

P
λ

) such that $$0\le u_{\lambda }< v_{\lambda }\le 1$$

0
≤

u
λ

<

v
λ

≤
1

for all sufficiently large $$\lambda $$
λ
. The first solution $$u_{\lambda }$$

u
λ

is obtained by applying the Mountain Pass Theorem, whereas the second, $$v_{\lambda }$$

v
λ

, via the sub- and super-solution method. We point out that our results hold regardless of the behavior of the nonlinearity f at infinity. In addition, we obtain that these solutions belong to $$L^{\infty }(\Omega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

.
Plasma oxalate and eGFR are correlated in primary hyperoxaluria patients with maintained kidney function—data from three placebo-controlled studies
Authors: Milliner Dawn S. , Cochat Pierre , Hulton Sally-Anne , Harambat Jerome , Banos Ana , Dehmel Bastian , Lindner Elisabeth
Published: January 2021

Background

In patients with primary hyperoxaluria (PH), endogenous oxalate overproduction increases urinary oxalate excretion, leading to compromised kidney function and often kidney failure. Highly elevated plasma oxalate (Pox) is associated with systemic oxalate deposition in patients with PH and severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). The relationship between Pox and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with preserved kidney function, however, is not well established. Our analysis aimed to investigate a potential correlation between these parameters in PH patients from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials (studies OC3-DB-01, OC3-DB-02, and OC5-DB-01).

Methods

Baseline data from patients with a PH diagnosis (type 1, 2, or 3) and eGFR > 40 mL/min/1.73 m2 were analyzed for a correlation between eGFR and Pox using Spearman’s rank and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Data were analyzed by individual study and additionally were pooled for Studies OC3-DB-02 and OC5-DB-01 in which the same Pox assay was used.

Results

A total of 106 patients were analyzed. A statistically significant inverse Spearman’s correlation between eGFR and Pox was observed across all analyses; correlation coefficients were − 0.44 in study OC3-DB-01, − 0.55 in study OC3-DB-02, − 0.51 in study OC5-DB-01, and − 0.49 in the pooled studies (p < 0.0064).

Conclusions

Baseline evaluations showed a moderate and statistically significant inverse correlation between eGFR and Pox in patients with PH already at early stages of CKD (stages 1–3b), demonstrating that a correlation is present before substantial loss in kidney function occurs.

Graphical abstract
Classification of jujube defects in small data sets based on transfer learning
Authors: Ju Jianping , Zheng Hong , Xu Xiaohang , Guo Zhongyuan , Zheng Zhaohui , Lin Mingyu
Published: January 2021

Although convolutional neural networks have achieved success in the field of image classification, there are still challenges in the field of agricultural product quality sorting such as machine vision-based jujube defects detection. The performance of jujube defect detection mainly depends on the feature extraction and the classifier used. Due to the diversity of the jujube materials and the variability of the testing environment, the traditional method of manually extracting the features often fails to meet the requirements of practical application. In this paper, a jujube sorting model in small data sets based on convolutional neural network and transfer learning is proposed to meet the actual demand of jujube defects detection. Firstly, the original images collected from the actual jujube sorting production line were pre-processed, and the data were augmented to establish a data set of five categories of jujube defects. The original CNN model is then improved by embedding the SE module and using the triplet loss function and the center loss function to replace the softmax loss function. Finally, the depth pre-training model on the ImageNet image data set was used to conduct training on the jujube defects data set, so that the parameters of the pre-training model could fit the parameter distribution of the jujube defects image, and the parameter distribution was transferred to the jujube defects data set to complete the transfer of the model and realize the detection and classification of the jujube defects. The classification results are visualized by heatmap through the analysis of classification accuracy and confusion matrix compared with the comparison models. The experimental results show that the SE-ResNet50-CL model optimizes the fine-grained classification problem of jujube defect recognition, and the test accuracy reaches 94.15%. The model has good stability and high recognition accuracy in complex environments.
Promises of meat and milk alternatives: an integrative literature review on emergent research themes
Authors: Lonkila Annika , Kaljonen Minna
Published: January 2021

Increasing concerns for climate change call for radical changes in food systems. There is a need to pay more attention to the entangled changes in technological development, food production, as well as consumption and consumer demand. Consumer and market interest in alternative meat and milk products—such as plant based milk, plant protein products and cultured meat and milk—is increasing. At the same time, statistics do not show a decrease in meat consumption. Yet alternatives have been suggested to have great transitional potential, appealing to different consumer segments, diets, and identities. We review 123 social scientific journal articles on cell-based and plant-based meat and milk alternatives to understand how the positioning of alternatives as both same and different in relation to animal-based products influences their role within the protein transition. We position the existing literature into three themes: (1) promissory narratives and tensions on markets, (2) consumer preferences, attitudes, and behavioral change policies, (3) and the politics and ethics of the alternatives. Based on our analysis of the literature, we suggest that more research is needed to understand the broader ethical impacts of the re-imagination of the food system inherent in meat and milk alternatives. There is also a need to direct more attention to the impacts of meat and milk alternatives to the practices of agricultural practices and food production at the farm-level. A closer examination of these research gaps can contribute to a better understanding of the transformative potential of alternatives on a systemic level.
Cumulative Effects of Adding a Small Group Intervention to Social Network Testing on HIV Testing Rates Among Crack Users in San Salvador, El Salvador
Authors: Dickson-Gomez Julia , Tarima Sergey , Glasman Laura , Cuellar Wendy , de Mendoza Lorena Rivas , Bodnar Gloria
Published: January 2021

The present study evaluates a combination prevention intervention for crack users in San Salvador, El Salvador that included social network HIV testing, community events and small group interventions. We examined the cumulative effects of the social network HIV testing and small group interventions on rates of HIV testing, beyond the increase that we saw with the introduction of the social network HIV testing intervention alone. HIV test data was converted into the number of daily tests and analyzed the immediate and overtime impact of small group interventions during and in the twelve weeks after the small group intervention. The addition of the small group interventions to the baseline of monthly HIV tests resulted in increased rates of testing lasting 7 days after the small group interventions suggesting a reinforcing effect of small group interventions on testing rates.
Probing the Positions of TeO Moieties in the Channels of the MoVNbTeO M1 Catalyst: A Density Functional Theory Model Study
Authors: Arce-Ramos Juan Manuel , Rugg Graham , Genest Alexander , Rösch Notker
Published: January 2021

With hybrid DFT calculations applied to periodic models of the bulk MoVNbTeO M1 catalyst, we examined how [TeO]2+ species in the hexagonal channels of this material stabilize nearby reduced metal centers. In particular, an S2(Mo) site, with adjacent [TeO]2+ moieties at both sides, is calculated to be reduced to Mo5+. The modeling study presented offers insight into how the redox behavior of V and Mo centers, a crucial aspect of the M1 catalyst for the selective partial oxidation of small hydrocarbons, may be fine-tuned via TeO moieties at various distances from the metal centers.

Graphic Abstract

TeO moieties in hexagonal channels, adjacent on either side of an S2(Mo) center, stabilize a gap state at the Mo center, facilitating its reduction to Mo5+.
Recovery Courses of Patients Who Return to Work by 3, 6 or 12 Months After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hylkema T. H. , Stevens M. , van Beveren J. , Rijk P. C. , Brouwer R. W. , Bulstra S. K. , Kuijer P. P. F. M. , Brouwer S.
Published: January 2021

Purpose This study compared the preoperative levels and postoperative recovery courses of physical and mental impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions of working-age patients who return to work (RTW) by 3, 6 or 12 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A prospective survey study including TKA patients (aged < 65) (n = 146) who returned to work (RdTW) in the first postoperative year. Three groups were compared: those who returned by 3 (n = 35), 6 (n = 40) or 12 (n = 29) months. Surveys were completed preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Outcomes represented domains of the International Classification of Functioning, i.e. physical impairments (pain, stiffness, vitality), mental impairments (mental health and depressive symptoms), activity limitations (physical functioning) and participation restrictions (social and work functioning). Results Preoperative knee-specific pain and physical functioning levels were better among patients who RdTW by 3 months, compared to those who returned by 12 months. Patients who RdTW by 3 months experienced significantly better recovery from physical impairments than those who returned by 6 months (on general pain) or 12 months (on general and knee-specific pain and on stiffness). Patients returning by 3 months experienced significantly better recovery from activity limitations (on knee-specific physical functioning). Conclusions To optimize return to work outcome after TKA surgery, the focus should lie on physical impairments (general and knee-specific pain, stiffness) and activity limitations (knee-specific physical functioning) during recovery.
The Effect of Baseline Patterns of Spiritual Coping, Forgiveness, and Gratitude on the Completion of an Alcohol Addiction Treatment Program
Authors: Charzyńska Edyta
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify distinct profiles of persons beginning alcohol addiction therapy with similar baseline configurations of spiritual coping, forgiveness, and gratitude. The associations between latent profile membership and the completion of therapy were also examined. The sample was composed of 358 alcohol-dependent persons receiving an outpatient treatment program. The Spiritual Coping Questionnaire, the Forgiveness Scale, and the Gratitude Questionnaire were used to assess the baseline levels of spirituality-related variables. Using latent profile analysis, five profiles were identified: (1) both moderately positive and negative dimensions of spirituality (33.2%), (2) moderately positive dimensions of spirituality (21.0%), (3) predominantly negative dimensions of spirituality (20.2%), (4) mixed dimensions of spirituality with the lowest positive religious coping (14.0%), and (5) highly positive dimensions of spirituality (11.6%). Notably, the latent profiles differed in terms of the treatment completion rates. The results suggest the need to carry out a multidimensional assessment of spiritual functioning of persons beginning alcohol addiction therapy to provide treatment that is adjusted to patients’ spiritual potential and deficits.