bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Promises Towards Fossil Fuel Owners Matter?
Authors: Lazou Rutger
Published: April 2023

While the energy transition is needed more than ever, for some agents it brings significant losses. This article investigates whether fossil fuel owners could refer to promises to avoid having their assets stranded. It explains how authors, in the context of just transitions, have argued for the normative relevance of Rawlsian legitimate expectations, which refer to promissory entitlements. However, it argues that the normative relevance of promises towards fossil fuel owners is limited, because there are only few promises about what will be permissible in the future and because these promises should be just before they can lead to entitlements.
High numerical aperture imaging allows chirality measurement in individual collagen fibrils using polarization second harmonic generation microscopy
Authors: Harvey MacAulay , Cisek Richard , Alizadeh Mehdi , Barzda Virginijus , Kreplak Laurent , Tokarz Danielle
Published: April 2023

Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a commonly used technique to study the organization of collagen within tissues. However, individual collagen fibrils, which have diameters much smaller than the resolution of most optical systems, have not been extensively investigated. Here we probe the structure of individual collagen fibrils using polarization-resolved SHG (PSHG) microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We find that longitudinally polarized light occurring at the edge of a focal volume of a high numerical aperture microscope objective illuminated with linearly polarized light creates a measurable variation in PSHG signal along the axis orthogonal to an individual collagen fibril. By comparing numerical simulations to experimental data, we are able to estimate parameters related to the structure and chirality of the collagen fibril without tilting the sample out of the image plane, or cutting tissue at different angles, enabling chirality measurements on individual nanostructures to be performed in standard PSHG microscopes. The results presented here are expected to lead to a better understanding of PSHG results from both collagen fibrils and collagenous tissues. Further, the technique presented can be applied to other chiral nanoscale structures such as microtubules, nanowires, and nanoribbons.
Chloride ion transport and service life prediction of aeolian sand concrete under dry–wet cycles
Authors: Dong Wei , Ji Yajing
Published: April 2023

In this study, the dry–wet cycle test of chloride salt was carried out on aeolian sand concrete with different contents, and the chloride ion content in aeolian sand concrete was determined by taking powder from different depths on one side of the test block. And then combined with Monte Carlo stochastic statistical simulation and Weibull probability distribution function, the service life prediction model of aeolian sand concrete against chloride ion erosion is established. The results show that the free chloride ion content in aeolian sand concrete decreases with the increase in the depth from the surface of the specimen. At the same depth from the surface of the specimen, the free chloride ion content gradually increases with the increase in the number of dry–wet cycles. Through the analysis of life prediction, it is concluded that with the increase in aeolian sand content, the service life of aeolian sand concrete increases first and then decreases. The service life value of concrete with 75% aeolian sand content is the largest, and the greater the thickness of the protective layer, the more favorable the service life value.
LncRNA FLAIL affects alternative splicing and represses flowering in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jin Yu , Ivanov Maxim , Dittrich Anna Nelson , Nelson Andrew DL , Marquardt Sebastian
Published: April 2023

How the noncoding genome affects cellular functions is a key biological question. A particular challenge is to distinguish the effects of noncoding DNA elements from long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that coincide at the same loci. Here, we identified the flowering‐associated intergenic lncRNA (FLAIL) in Arabidopsis through early flowering flail mutants. Expression of FLAIL RNA from a different chromosomal location in combination with strand‐specific RNA knockdown characterized FLAIL as a trans‐acting RNA molecule. FLAIL directly binds to differentially expressed target genes that control flowering via RNA–DNA interactions through conserved sequence motifs. FLAIL interacts with protein and RNA components of the spliceosome to affect target mRNA expression through co‐transcriptional alternative splicing (AS) and linked chromatin regulation. In the absence of FLAIL, splicing defects at the direct FLAIL target flowering gene LACCASE 8 (LAC8) correlated with reduced mRNA expression. Double mutant analyses support a model where FLAIL‐mediated splicing of LAC8 promotes its mRNA expression and represses flowering. Our study suggests lncRNAs as accessory components of the spliceosome that regulate AS and gene expression to impact organismal development.
Diagnosis and testing for growth hormone deficiency across the ages: a global view of the accuracy, caveats, and cut-offs for diagnosis
Authors: Yuen Kevin C J , Johannsson Gudmundur , Ho Ken K Y , Miller Bradley S , Bergada Ignacio , Rogol Alan D
Published: April 2023

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical syndrome that can manifest either as isolated or associated with additional pituitary hormone deficiencies. Although diminished height velocity and short stature are useful and important clinical markers to consider testing for GHD in children, the signs and symptoms of GHD are not always so apparent in adults. Quality of life and metabolic health are often impacted in patients with GHD; thus, making an accurate diagnosis is important so that appropriate growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy can be offered to these patients. Screening and testing for GHD require sound clinical judgment that follows after obtaining a complete medical history of patients with a hypothalamic–pituitary disorder and a thorough physical examination with specific features for each period of life, while targeted biochemical testing and imaging are required to confirm the diagnosis. Random measurements of serum GH levels are not recommended to screen for GHD (except in neonates) as endogenous GH secretion is episodic and pulsatile throughout the lifespan. One or more GH stimulation tests may be required, but existing methods of testing might be inaccurate, difficult to perform, and can be imprecise. Furthermore, there are multiple caveats when interpreting test results including individual patient factors, differences in peak GH cut-offs (by age and test), testing time points, and heterogeneity of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 assays. In this article, we provide a global overview of the accuracy and cut-offs for diagnosis of GHD in children and adults and discuss the caveats in conducting and interpreting these tests.
Black Fish Bones in Waterlogged Deposits: The Case of the Neolithic Lake Settlement of Dispilio, Greece
Authors: Stathopoulou Elizabeth , Theodoropoulou Tatiana , Phoca-Cosmetatou Nellie
Published: April 2023

La identificación de huesos quemados en yacimientos arqueológicos es importante por proporcionar evidencia tanto sobre actividades humanas de procesado como de episodios de incendio. Análisis zooarqueológicos previos sobre huesos quemados de peces y mamíferos se concentraron sobre todo en rasgos macroscópicos como el color y la estructura y rasgos microscópicos como la cristalización. Tales estudios, no obstante, demuestran que las coloraciones negras en los huesos pueden no solo ser debidas a termo-alteraciones sino también a tinciones minerales. Es por ello esencial desarrollar técnicas analíticas para la identificación de huesos quemados. Este trabajo presenta los resultados preliminares de un estudio interdisciplinar sobre las posibles causas de los «huesos negros» recuperados en el asentamiento lacustre neolítico de Dispilio, Grecia (5.500-3.500 a.C.). La frecuencia de carbones y restos culturales quemados en las capas más bajas del depósito sugieren que la primera ocupación fue destruida por el fuego y seguida por un periodo de abandono. No obstante y aunque con frecuencia los huesos de peces son de un color negro-rojizo, el examen macroscópico de estos restos apunta a que menos del 6% se encontraban quemados y que su coloración era debida a las condiciones del depósito saturado en agua. Estas observaciones son de gran importancia para valorar la naturaleza del llamado «nivel de destrucción». Los huesos de peces seleccionados fueron examinados a través de microscopia óptica y de barrido (SEM), microanálisis radiográficos (EDXA) y espectroscopia de infrarrojos (IR). Las alteraciones observadas en la histología, mineralogía, química y cristalografía debidas a la diagénesis y/o a posibles alteraciones, se presentan y valoran en función del contexto arqueológico.
Oxygen Isotope Ratios in Cod Otoliths Used to Reveal Seasonality of Fishing at Late Mesolithic Sites in Denmark
Authors: Ritchie Kenneth , Folkvord Arild , Hufthammer Anne Karin
Published: April 2023

La estimación de la estación de captura es clave en el estudio de los patrones de movilidad y explotación de recursos de las poblaciones pretéritas que dependían de recursos piscícolas. En este estudio examinamos la aportación de un nuevo método isotópico para incrementar nuestra capacidad de inferencia de la estacionalidad en las antiguas pesquerías. Siete sagitas de bacalao (Gadus morhua) fueron seleccionados en dos yacimientos del mesolítico tardío (cultura Ertebølle) en Dinamarca (Asnæs Havnemark y Fårevejle) con el fin de examinar patrones cíclicos de la temperatura del agua estimados a través de la relación de los isótopos estables de oxígeno. Nuestro estudio demuestra que los análisis isotópicos de las sagitas poseen un alto potencial para evidenciar estos patrones y mostrar cuándo fueron capturados los peces. Los resultados indican que la actividad pesquera se produjo durante más periodos del año de los que habían sido previamente postulados a partir de la presencia de peces migradores en las muestras. En conjunto, nuestro estudio apunta a que la pesca desempeñó un papel más importante en el ciclo anual de subsistencia de los grupos Ertebølle de lo que ha sido hasta el momento postulado.
Achieving high volatile fatty acid production from raw henna (Lawsonia inermis) biomass at mild alkaline conditions
Authors: Huang Jingang , Guo Kangyin , Shi Binfang , Han Wei , Hou Pingzhi , Tang Junhong
Published: April 2023

Strong alkaline hydrolysis is usually employed to enhance fermentative production of volatile fatty acid (VFA) from plant biomass. However, this method is not ecofriendly due to the large consumption of energy/chemicals. In this study, a special henna plant biomass (Lawsonia inermis) containing the chemical compound lawsone, served as a fermentation substrate (without any pretreatment) for high VFA production under mild alkaline conditions (pH 9). The results indicated that the fermentative VFA production was 0.31 g per gram of henna biomass, which was comparable to other plant biomass pretreated with hydrothermal, strong acidic, and/or alkaline methods. Acetate was the main VFA component, and accounted for 69% to 82% of the COD fraction. The soluble lawsone concentration in the fermentation system ranged from 8.5 mg/L to 31.2 mg/L, which mediated the potential fermentation process. Thus, in this study henna was established as a feasible plant biomass for high fermentative VFA production in mild alkaline conditions.
[18F]FDG/PET: a non-invasive technique for the study of stroke in murine and rat models
Authors: Schirmer B. G. A. , Santos E. V. , Pereira J. M. , Cardoso N. V. S. , Dias de Brito Oliveira R. D. B. , Malamut C.
Published: April 2023

The use of mouse and rat models in conjunction with anatomic functional imaging techniques has directly contributed to expanding knowledge about the complex pathophysiology of stroke. Therefore, this study aims to identify the most relevant mouse and rat models of stroke and how [18F]FDG/PET can contribute to this pathology study. A narrative review of the literature was performed to describe applications of positron emission tomography in conjunction with the radiopharmaceutical [18F]FDG in stroke models. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published between 2015 and 2022. In this study, we describe applications of positron emission tomography in combination with the radiopharmaceutical [18F]FDG in mouse and rat stroke models. The most commonly used model was middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. This study demonstrates that using murine and rat models in conjunction with anatomic functional imaging techniques has directly contributed to expanding knowledge about the complex pathophysiology of stroke. In addition, they have been essential for studies aimed at discovering and developing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies for the disease.
Physiological and biochemical characteristics of transgenic winter wheat plants withoverexpression of ornithine-d-aminotransferases gene
Authors:   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine, Dubrovna O.V. , Priadkina G.O. ,   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine, Mykhalska S.I. ,   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine, Komisarenko A.G. ,   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
Published: April 2023

Ornithine-d-aminotransferase may be an important regulator of cellular metabolism, as the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme links a number of biochemical systems. Introducing the exogenous ornithine-d-aminotransferase gene (oat)into the plant genome is one of the promising methods of creating wheat genotypes resistant to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study has been to determine the physiological and biochemical characteristics of transgenic plants of new promising genotypes of winter soft wheat of the seed generation T2 with overexpression of the ornithine-d-aminotransferase gene under normal and stressful conditions. The enzyme activity, the free proline content, the photosynthetic pigments content and morphometric indicators were studied. It was shown that the presence of an additional copy of the oat gene in transgenic plants leads to an increase in the activity of the ornithine-d-aminotransferase enzyme (by 1.5—1.7 times, compared to the original plants), but they do not significantly differ from the original genotypes in terms of the free of L-proline content neither under physiological conditions nor under conditions of water deficit. It was found that under stressful conditions during period booting — anthesis, genetically modified plants of the seed generation T2 kept a higher total chlorophyll content (on average by 10 %) compared to the original genotypes, while under physiological conditions the difference between them was insignificant. Under drought conditions, an increase in the carotenoids to chlorophylls ratio in the original genotypes, compared to transgenic plants, was also established. A comparative analysis of the morphometric indicators of the main shoot at full maturity showed that under physiological conditions, the plants of transgenic lines did not differ from the plants of the original genotypes in spike length, however, they prevailed in terms of the main shoot stem height and the length of the roots.
Interventions in the Home and Community for Medically Complex Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Watkinson Michelle D. , Ehlenbach Mary , Chung Paul J. , Kelly Michelle , Werner Nicole , Jolliff Anna , Katz Barbara , Marleau Heidi , Nacht Carrie L. , Warner Gemma , Coller Ryan J.
Published: April 2023

CONTEXT

Most care occurs in home and community settings; however, the best approaches to improve CMC health are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to summarize evidence from interventions in the home and community to improve health for children with medical complexity (CMC) using comprehensive conceptions of CMC health.

DATA SOURCES

PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane databases.

STUDY SELECTION

Included studies evaluated interventions for CMC caregivers in home or community settings and evaluated at least 1 outcome in 10 domains of CMC health.

DATA EXTRACTION

Data were extracted on participant characteristics, intervention activities, and outcomes. Interventions were categorized thematically into strategies, with results summarized by effects on outcomes within each health domain.

RESULTS

The 25 included interventions used 5 strategies: intensive caregiver education (n = 18), support groups (n = 3), crisis simulation (n = 2), mobile health tracking (n = 1), and general education (n = 1). Substantial variation existed in the extent to which any outcome domain was studied (range 0–22 studies per domain). Interventions addressing 4 domains showed consistent improvement: support group and mobile health tracking improved long-term child and caregiver self-sufficiency; mobile health tracking improved family-centered care; intensive caregiver education and support groups improved community system supports. Three domains (basic needs, inclusive education, patient-centered medical home) were not studied.

LIMITATIONS

Risk of bias was moderate due primarily to limited controlled experimental designs and heterogeneous population and outcome definitions.

CONCLUSIONS

Interventions that improve CMC health exist; however, current studies focus on limited segments of the 10 domains framework. Consensus outcome measures for CMC health are needed.
CT and MRI findings of primary hepatic giant cell tumor of soft tissue: A case report
Authors: He Lei , Zhang Yalin
Published: April 2023

Primary giant cell tumor of soft tissue (GCT-ST) is a low-grade malignant tumor and uncommon cancer originating from soft tissue. Primary hepatic GCT is an extremely rare finding. Only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature. Although GCT-ST has a relatively low malignant potential tumor in the view of histology, some patients who suffered from this tumor have poor prognosis after surgery because of the aggressiveness. Thus, the early diagnosis is important, and a preoperative imaging can supply the evidence of differential diagnosis to evaluate tumor malignancy. In this study, we systematically present a rare case of 56-year-old women with chills, fever, jaundice and anorexia for 3 days. CT showed a huge and multinodular confluent lesion in the left lobe of the liver, and it had a calcification component. This tumor is characterized by fibrous components and calcification, which showed iso-intense with peripheral hypo-intense on T1WI, and mainly inhomogeneous hypo-intense on fat-suppressed T2WI. Moreover, it was mainly hypointense and peripheral linear hyperintense on DWI images with a b-value of 800 (b800) and iso-hyperintense on ADC.
Hermeneutika Hasan Hanafi dalam konteks penafsiran al-Qur’an
Authors: Mulyaden Asep , Ridwan Ahmad Hasan , Riyani Irma
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to try to understand Hasan Hanafi's hermeneutic thinking in the context of the interpretation of the Qur'an. Given that the Qur'an is a holy book that deserves to be applied throughout all times and in various places. There are various methods that can be used to interpret the Qur'an. One of them is the hermeneutic approach. Not a few hermeneutic figures who offer various concepts, from orientalists to Muslim scholars themselves. However, the interpretation of the Qur'an with hermeneutics that is relevant to the slogan above is an interpretation that can provide solutions to the problems of the people, especially Muslims. Among the theories that are appropriate and in line with these interests are the hermeneutics offered by Hanafi, namely the emancipatory critical hermeneutics. This model of hermeneutics is a science that determines the relationship between consciousness (critical attitude) and its object, namely the holy book. It has a lasting stage called the historical consciousness phase, the eiditic phase of consciousness, and the practical phase of consciousness. Hermeneutics is a science that can explain God's revelation from letters to reality, from logical to practical, from words to the world, and from God's thoughts into real life.
Muhammad Sayyid Tantawi's Interpretation of the Verses of Riba
Authors: Alamsyah Maulana Yusuf , Al-Obaidi Khaleel
Published: April 2023

The pattern of people's life has changed occasionally, encouraging people to follow this development, especially in matters related to mu’amalah. However, the problem here is that banking is synonymous with bank interest or rent, whereas most people in the community think that bank interest or rent is the same as usury. This paper is based on the results of a study that describes and classifies usury verses in the Qur’an, then analyzes them with the methodology used by Muhammad Sayyid Tantawi inTafsir al-Wasith, which was later linked to his fatwa regarding bank interest law. This study concluded that internal and external factors greatly influenced Tantawi's interpretation of bank interest in Islamic law, among which he used the opinions of modernist scholars such as Al-Alusy, Fazlur Rahman, etc. In addition, the pattern of interpretation of interpretation al-Wasith to the usury verse consists of four patterns consisting of sura al-Rum verse 39 explaining that transactions with usury will not develop and will even lose money. Surah al-Nisa' verses 160-161 demonstrate that their tyranny caused some of the painful sanctions Allah has ever bestowed upon the Jews as perpetrators of usury transactions.
Public hospitals’ risk communication strategies during COVID-19
Authors: Medina Aguerrebere Pablo , Santandreu Calonge David , Hultberg Patrik , Shah Mariam Aman , Connor Melissa
Published: April 2023

This exploratory study analyses studies pertaining to the risk communication strategies adopted by Spanish public hospitals to inform their stakeholders during the first COVID-19 wave, in order to better understand effective communication of ‘health messages’ during a pandemic. After reviewing 155 academic works, 12 articles that were published between January 2020 and September 2020 met full inclusion criteria. Implementing a thematic synthesis approach yielded five themes: (1) transparency of crisis; (2) hospital health leadership crisis; (3) crisis management communication; (4) crisis management strategy; and (5) crisis management stakeholders. Based on these identified themes, 10 evidence-based recommendations for hospital communication preparedness and implementation during health crises are offered.
Er-Yb fibers based on aluminophosphorosilicate glass
Authors:   Dianov Fiber Optics Research Center, Likhachev Mikhail E. , Khudyakov Maksim M. ,   Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lipatov Denis S. ,   G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Abramov Alexey N. ,   G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of SciencesG.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gur'Yanov Aleksei N. ,   G.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2023

The paper presents results of studying properties of Er-Yb fibers based on aluminophosphorosilicate glass matrix. The dependence of the pump-to-signal conversion efficiency on the glass composition is revealed. Optimal core compositions, which makes it possible to provide a short amplifier length (no more than 1 meter) and a small core-clad refractive index difference (below 0.0035), has been determined. It opens up the possibility of creating single-mode Er-Yb fibers with a large mode area and a high threshold of nonlinear effects.
A mão do autor e a mente do editor na série graduada de leitura na Escola e no lar
Authors: Alcanfor Lucilene Rezende
Published: April 2023

Este artigo se propõe a analisar o projeto editorial da série graduada de leitura Na escola e no lar, do professor Thomaz Galhardo, a partir das categorias conceituais de Roger Chartier de representações e práticas. Tais categorias permitem problematizar o papel daquele que escreve uma obra e daquele que edita, demonstrando as estratégias de produção dessa série que se tornou uma marca reconhecida no mercado de livros escolares.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED INTELLIGENT TEA TASTER-REVIEW
Authors: Tharanga Sajeewani , Pulasinghe Koliya , Marikar Faiz
Published: April 2023

. Tea is the most favorable beverage in the world after the pure water. Professional tea tasters categorize thequality of the tea in subjective manner by assessing the several parameters. The flavor, aroma and color of tea are themost important and considered parameters when professional tea tasters categorize and evaluate tea. The value of abovementioned parameters depends on the chemical composition of the tea. Basically, flavanols are major compounds whichaffect the quality of the tea. Therefore, it is possible to identify a correlation between flavanols composition of tea andprofessional tea taster’s valuation. The main purpose of this article is identifying above correlation and according to thatcorrelation design and implements “Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based Intelligent Tea Taster” to automate manualtea tasting process. This review is focused on training an artificial neural network according to identified correlationbetween flavanols composition and tea taster’s valuation and based on that trained artificial neural network After goingthrough successful training iterations and evaluations, a computer-based solution can be designed and implemented todefine the quality of tea according to its flavanols compound. The results show good correlation of estimated values oftheaflavins and thearubigins with the actual concentrations obtained by the system when we tested at laboratory. Thereview is based on ANN base Intelligent Tea Taster will automate the tea tasting process while improving efficiency,effectiveness and accuracy of the tea tasting process.
Graphene oxide-doped poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) for high-energy supercapacitors
Authors: Simon Remya , Chakraborty Sohini , V. Anoop , D. Elias Jesu Packiam , L. Mary N
Published: April 2023

Reliable energy-storage materials that can provide enhanced capacitance with good cycling stability along with improved energy and power densities are exceedingly relevant in the commercial arena to attenuate the prevalent energy shortage. Polymers with structural flexibility and good mechanical and thermal stability can be coupled with carbon-based additives to obtain an electrochemical platform for energy storage without compromising on the required thermal and mechanical attributes. Here, a styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer was modified with a diamine to form a polyimide. The samples were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, carbon-13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to understand and investigate the spectral, morphological and electrochemical characteristics of the polymer nanocomposites. Efficacious intercalation of graphene oxide resulted in the formation of polymer nanocomposites that can act as excellent supercapacitor electrodes with a high specific capacitance of 700 F/g at 0.5 A/g and an energy and a power density of 129.23 Wh/kg and 5572 W/kg, respectively.
Ecografía Dermatológica: Aplicaciones de las nuevas herramientas de ultrasonido en patologías frecuentes
Authors: Mena Melissa , Bucheli Alexandra ,   Instituto de Dermatología y Estética A. Bucheli, Mena Glenn ,   Alpha Imagen Instituto de Radiologia e Intervencionismo
Published: April 2023

En esta revisión bibliográfica y de educación continua se presentan los aspectos técnicos ecográficos de las nuevas herramientas de ultrasonido útiles en la evaluación diagnóstica de lesiones de la piel tanto benignas, malignas, inflamatorias y estéticas; estos estudios son: la ecografía de alta frecuencia y resolución con hasta 23 Mhz, el Doppler microvascular y las diferentes elastografías cualitativas y cuantitativas. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de las publicaciones de ecografía dermatológica en la literatura mundial y en libros de texto publicados hasta la fecha, con énfasis en las patologías más frecuentes que los dermatólogos requieren para una evaluación ecográfica especializada que ayude a definir sus diagnósticos y les permita establecer una terapéutica adecuada. Se presentan tablas resumen con detalles de los signos ecográficos más útiles e imágenes de algunos casos con patología dermatológica y sus respectivas ecografías realizadas en el Instituto de Radiología e Intervencionismo Alpha Imagen de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador, que sirven de ejemplo para la compresión del uso práctico de las mismas.
Utilidad de la tomografía en el estudio de movimientos anormales en un paciente con síndrome de Fahr
Authors:   Servicio de Imagen y Radiodiagnóstico, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador, Villacrés Paul , Quevedo Jaqueline ,   Servicio de Imagen y Radiodiagnóstico, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador, Landeta Jaqueline ,   Servicio de Imagen y Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital de Especialidades de las Fuerzas Armadas N°1. Quito, Ecuador.
Published: April 2023

Se trata de un paciente de 51 años con epilepsia diagnosticada hace 10 años, el cual presenta un cuadro de dos meses de evolución caracterizado por movimientos involuntarios de miembros superiores e inferiores y asociado a disartria. La enfermedad de Fahr es una afección progresiva, rara caracterizada por un depósito anormal de calcio en los ganglios basales, el tálamo, el núcleo dentado, el cerebelo, la sustancia blanca subcortical y el hipocampo. Se puede subdividir en enfermedad de Fahr y síndrome de Fahr. Tiene un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante de penetrancia variable. Su diagnóstico se basa en sus calcificaciones bilaterales simétricas, con síntomas neurológicos progresivos y falta de evidencia de otra etiología. Los pacientes suelen ser asintomáticos en la primera o segunda décadas de la vida y los síntomas comienzan entre los 30 y los 60 años de edad. La tomografía computarizada es el método de imagen de elección para el diagnóstico del síndrome de Fahr con una sensibilidad superior a la resonancia magnética en el estudio de esta patología.
Embarazo ectópico en una paciente con histerectomía subtotal previa, 13 años atrás
Authors:   Postgrado de Imagenología. Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador., Sáenz Gyselle , Sánchez Hipatia ,   Postgrado de Imagenología. Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador., Cantuña Joffre ,   Servicio de Radiología e Intervencionismo, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín. Quito, Ecuador.
Published: April 2023

El embarazo ectópico en pacientes histerectomizadas son extremadamente raros, y se infraestiman o subdiagnostican debido a la baja probabilidad de que suceda. Existen muy pocos registros de este tipo de patología a nivel mundial, encontrándose solamente 83 casos reportados, desde el primero dado a conocer en 1895 hasta junio del 2022, en todos los casos los estudios de imagen han sido de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 35 años con antecedente de histerectomía parcial postcesárea hace 13 años con preservación de los anexos, la cual acude a emergencia con signos de abdomen agudo inflamatorio, de 3 días de evolución. Se solicita estudio ecográfico y de laboratorio, confirmando el diagnóstico de embarazo ectópico tubárico accidentado. Los embarazos ectópicos en pacientes histerectomizadas y en edad fértil deben estar considerados entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de causa de abdomen agudo, independientemente del tiempo transcurrido desde la cirugía, siempre apoyados en los diferentes métodos de imagen, en especial la ecografía, que es de fácil acceso y de bajo costo.
Planteamientos crítico-conceptuales sobre la sustentabilidad
Authors: Montes de Oca Hernández Acela , Naessens Hilda
Published: April 2023

A pesar de los esfuerzos de algunos políticos, grupos sociales, empresas y sociedad civil por contener el ecocidio, los grados de deterioro que se vislumbran en el planeta siguen rebasando las miles de exposiciones teóricas y prácticas y los discursos de sustentabilidad. El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar algunos conceptos de sustentabilidad desde la perspectiva del pensamiento crítico. Se llevó a cabo una revisión y comparación de artículos referidos a la sustentabilidad, desde posturas teóricas multidisciplinarias. Se exponen algunos componentes críticos de la sustentabilidad, que apuntan a razonamientos científicos y tradicionales para adquirir una conciencia ambiental.
Method of processing synchronous observations of star occultation by an asteroid from several points
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Kleshchonok V.
Published: April 2023

The size and shape of the asteroid belongs to its main characteristics. Knowledge of these quantities is necessary to determine the density and albedo of asteroids, as well as to understand the fundamental processes of formation and evolution of the solar system. The most popular method for determining these values for asteroids is the photometric method. However, the accuracy of its determination depends on the asteroid heating model used. There are direct methods for determining the shape – measurements using space missions and ground-based interferometers using the largest telescopes. Such methods give accurate results, but are not applicable for mass determinations. The method of observing the occultations of stars by asteroids is available to a wide range of observers, including amateur astronomers. A community of observers is being formed in Ukraine, who plan to start regular observations of these phenomena. When processing such observations, you need to know the exact position of individual observers and have a detailed occultation ephemeris, which can be found at https://asteroidoccultation.com. It is also necessary to have a good time service, which will allow determining the moments of the beginning and end of the occultation with sufficient accuracy. Detailed ephemeris provides information about the trajectory of the shadow on the Earth’s surface, indicating the exact time the shadow was in the given coordinates. The ephemeris also contains information about the horizontal coordinates of the star for the center of the shadow at the same time points. The ephemeris also gives the coordinates of the edges of the shadow and their errors, which include the errors of the predetermined asteroid diameter and the errors of the parameters of the asteroid’s orbit. The article provides a method for calculating the distance from the observation point to the trajectory of the shadow and a method for calculating the moment of time of the maximum occultation phase for a given observation point. It is possible to combine all independent observations into a single system to determine the diameter and shape of the asteroid knowing these values. This method is planned to be used for processing observations of the Ukrainian community of observers of occultations of stars by asteroids.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MESLEKİ ÖZ-YETERLİKLERİ İLE MESLEKİ KAYGI DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Kaya Halil İbrahim , Korucuk Murat
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmada öğretmenlik eğitimini lisans eğitimine ek olarak sertifika programları vasıtasıyla alan öğretmen adaylarının mesleki yeterlikleri ile mesleki kaygı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun yanında çalışmada öğretmen adaylarının mesleki yeterlikleri ile mesleki kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konması da amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı ise öğretmen adaylarının mesleki yeterlikleri ile mesleki kaygı düzeylerinin cinsiyet, not ortalaması, aylık gelir, ikamet edilen ikamet yeri ve öğretim türü değişkenlerine göre farklılaşma durumlarının açıklanmasıdır. Çalışma nicel desenli-ilişkisel tarama modellidir. Çalışmada evrenin tamamına ulaşılarak 221 öğretmen adayından veri elde edilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Öğretmenlik Mesleği Genel Yeterlikleri Ölçeği-ÖMGYÖ”, “Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Yönelik Kaygı Ölçeği-ÖMYKÖ” ile “Birey Bilgi Formu-BBF” kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde nonparametrik istatistik tekniklerden olan Spearman Sıra Korelasyon Katsayısı (rs), Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar şu şekildedir: Öğretmen adaylarının mesleki yeterlik düzeyleri oldukça yüksek; mesleki kaygı düzeyleri oldukça düşüktür. Öğretmen adaylarının mesleki yeterlikleri ile mesleki kaygı düzeyleri arasında negatif yönlü-düşük-anlamlı seviyede bir ilişki vardır. Öğretmen adaylarının mesleki yeterlikleri cinsiyet, not ve ikamet yeri değişkenlerine farklılaşırken; gelir ve öğretim türü değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmamıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının mesleki kaygıları cinsiyet ve not değişkenlerine göre farklılaşırken; ikamet yeri, gelir ve öğretim türü değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmamıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçlar ve ilgili literatür incelenerek çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.
Spectral Voltage Contour Plots of Optical Constants and Interface Parameters of the Active Layer of a Multilayer Structure Suspended Particle Device Smart Window from Clear on to Dark off States
Authors: Barrios David , Alvarez Carlos
Published: April 2023

Smart windows based on suspended particle devices (SPDs) are able to switch optically from dark to clear visual appearance when applying an AC electrical signal. This effect is due to light absorbing nanoparticles that get aligned by the applied voltage. The sandwich structure of an SPD consists of several layers and includes two outer glass substrates, each one covered on its inwards-facing side with a transparent conducting thin layer surrounding the centrally positioned SPD active layer. A knowledge of the optical constants of each layer—i.e., the complex refractive index, including its real and imaginary (absorption) parts—is a key in the design of the visual appearance of the SPD window and is a useful tool to determine the optimum thickness of the active layer.
Optimization of Hydrophobic Coating Production by Pechini Method on Modified Aluminum Surface
Authors: De Lima Ariane Aparecida , Bittencourt Lucas Aparecido , Alves Guilherme José Turcaltel , TRACTZ Gideã , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Pinto , Fürstenberger Cynthia Beatriz
Published: April 2023

To fabricate a hydrophobic coating using the sol-gel method (Pechini), an experimental design using the drying time and chemicals ratio as variables was developed. The coating was deposited on an aluminum substrate (AA6061-T6) treated by acid solution or anodization method. The surface wettability was measured using a goniometric instrument. Coatings were fabricated using different numbers of layers, heating rates, and drying temperatures, and their morphologies were observed using visual analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The use of anodization treatment with a furnace ramp of 1 °C min-1, a drying temperature of 220 °C ± 10 °C, and single-layer application, produced a coating free of visible flaws and apparent damage. The coating was obtained with a 15:1 glycerin:citric acid ratio and sample pre-polymerization in the drying oven for 1 hour at 100 °C resulted in the highest contact angle, 62° ± 2°, which meets the ASTM D-7334-08 standard for a hydrophobic surface.
The Theoretical Description for Psilocin Electrochemical Determination over Cobalt Oxyhydroxide
Authors: Volodymyr Tkach  , Kucher Mykhailo , Kushnir Marta , Ivanushko Yana , Akınay Yüksel , Karakoyun Necdet , Yagodynets Petro , Kormosh Zholt
Published: April 2023

The possibility of psilocin electrochemical determination over cobalt (III) oxyhydroxide-modified anode is evaluated from the mathematical point of view. Psilocin is thereby oxidized yielding either micro- or macromolecular product, being both of them important for the economical and green conducting polymer composite for electrocatalysis, electroanalysis and energy conversion. The analysis of the correspondent mathematical model confirms, that, despite of the high probability of the oscillatory behavior, the electrochemical process is efficient from both analytical and synthetical point of view.
The role of modern and promising methods of diagnostics of functional ventilation disorders in pulmonological patients
Authors: Bulka Elena S. , Salukhov Vladimir V. , Kovlen Denis V. , Kharitonov Mikhail A. , Bulka Kirill A.
Published: April 2023

The current problems of the application of existing and promising methods for assessing respiratory function in a modern pulmonological hospital are considered. Determining the degree of respiratory disorders is key both in the period of exacerbation of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases and intercommunal and/or rehabilitation period and identifies the tactics and scope of therapeutic measures. There is a wide variety of hardware methods for assessing respiratory function: body plethysmography, volumetric capnography, computer pulse oximetry monitoring, ergospirometry, impulse oscillometry, etc. Most of them are non-invasive, for some standardized stress tests with physical, drug, and other load options. Each of the methods for assessing ventilation disorders has its advantages and disadvantages; therefore, it is common to search for new or refine existing approaches in assessing respiratory function. The entire arsenal of functional tests should be considered in the form of an integrated approach in examining patients, based on the clinical situation, with the choice of optimal, most informative methods. A novel and promising method is stress hypoxic testing based on the principle of feedback, which allows the assessment of the reaction of the body of a pulmonological patient to hypoxic stress to avoid the risks of emergency conditions without loss of informative results. The prospect of further growth in the information content and quality of the obtained data of functional respiratory tests is the introduction into research on the principles of biofeedback and automated evaluation of the data provided to the researcher and the attending physician.
Methods to increase the effectiveness of cytoreductive surgical interventions in patients with complicated disseminated tumors of the abdominal cavity and pelvis
Authors: Nguyen Van Thu , Prosvetov Vadim A. , Bromberg Boris B. , Dymnikov Denis A. , Loginov Vladimir A. , Demko Andrey E. , Solovеv Ivan A. , Surov Dmitry A.
Published: April 2023

The expediency of performing two-stage cytoreductive interventions in patients with complicated disseminated tumors of the abdominal cavity and pelvis is presented. Ninety-two patients with complicated disseminated tumors of the abdominal cavity and pelvis were examined into two groups. The main group consisted of 33 patients who received surgical treatment by two-stage cytoreductive surgery. The control group included 59 patients who underwent single-stage cytoreductive operations. In both groups, life-threatening complications were dominated by primary tumor necrosis (main group, n = 15; control group, n = 31) and impaired intestinal patency (main group, n = 12; control group, n = 16, respectively). The average Charlson comorbidity index was 7.85 1.37 and 7.53 1.5 points, respectively. Anesthetic risk of grades IIIIV according to the classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists was detected in 23 (69.7%) and 45 (76.27%) patients of the main and control groups, respectively. Functional status of 23 points on the Eastern Cooperative Oncological Group was established in 23 (69.7%) and 46 (77.9%) patients of the main and control groups, respectively. The peritoneal carcinomatosis index was significantly higher in the main group (13.1 6 vs 9.9 4.8 points) than in the control group (p = 0.012). A comparative analysis of the results obtained in the treatment of the main and control groups demonstrated that the two-stage cytoreductive surgical interventions can reduce the frequency of postoperative complications, primarily ClavienDindo grades IIIIV from 40.7 to 18.2% (p = 0.049) and mortality from 16.9% to 9.1% (p = 0.468) and increase the frequency of achieving complete cytoreduction from 49.1% to 90.9% (p = 0.002) and the frequency of intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion from 40.7 to 93.9% (p 0.001). Thus, two-stage cytoreductive surgical interventions are a safe and effective technique in the surgical treatment of complicated disseminated tumors of the abdominal cavity and pelvis.
Spatial–Temporal Distribution and Focal Mechanisms for the Shallow Earthquakes in the Rongchang-Luxian Region in Southern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Lai Guijuan , Jiang Changsheng , Wang Weilai , Lei Xinglin , Zhang Long , Cai Guangyao , Gong Haobo , Guo Xiangyun , Chen Mingfei
Published: April 2023

An Ms 6.0 earthquake struck the Luxian County in southern Sichuan basin, China, on 15 September 2021, which was the largest local event thus far and caused heavy casualties and serious property losses. Using data of 107 temporary and six permanent stations from five months before to four and a half months after the time of the mainshock in the Rongchang-Luxian region, we utilize the machine learning-based workflow for phase picking, earthquake detection and relocation, and obtain precise hypocenter data for 22,806 events. We found that earthquakes increase significantly since July 2021, showing north-northeast-, northeast-, east-northeast- and east-southeast-directed seismic strips. Almost all events are located within the sedimentary layers at 1–7 km depth above the crystalline basement, and more than half of them occurred in Silurian and Ordovician formations. The Ms 6.0 Luxian earthquake sequence occurred in an area where no clear seismicity was observed before the mainshock. On map view, the aftershock zone shows a convex polygon with an overall strike of 112°. The focal depths of aftershocks southwest to the mainshock are distributed in a narrower range of 4–7 km and extend to a wider range of 2–7 km on the northeast side. It is speculated that the seismogenic fault is a blind thrust fault dipping to the southwest at 2–7 km depth. The focal mechanisms of 13 ML 3.0+ earthquakes show either pure reverse faulting or reverse faulting dominated mechanisms with a strike-slip component. The centroid depths fall in the range of 1.95–6.75 km. The maximum and middle principal stress axes are nearly horizontal; the azimuth of the maximum horizontal stress is about 120° and the stress shape ratio is 0.78. These results provide an important reference for reunderstanding the local seismic risk and for detailed studies on the seismological aspects about the unusual Luxian earthquake in the future.
Oil Theft and Violence in Guanajuato (2015–2019)
Authors: Reyes Guzmán Gerardo , Sánchez Ruiz Abraham , Rostro Hernández Perla Esperanza
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to place oil theft as the main factor that turned Guanajuato into the leader in terms of homicides nationwide in 2019. The hypothesis states that violence was the result of an invasion of the CJNG and its fight against the CSRL to dominate the oil theft business. To probe this hypothesis, we use a multiple regression model to correlate homicides occurring in the most dangerous municipalities of Guanajuato with those happening in Jalisco and Michoacán from 2015 to 2019. It turns out that Leon, Irapuato and Salamanca were the most violent municipalities within the period. Furthermore, we concluded through a survey that the citizens from Salamanca and Irapuato have been terrified by witnessing high levels of violence in their surroundings.