bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of kidney - a case report of unusual local recurrence with literature review
Authors: Sharma S , Choudhury KB , Mandal S , Majumder A
Published: September 2012

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney is a rare clinical entity. Primary squamous cell carcinoma is more frequently reported in urinary bladder and male urethra than in kidney. Primary renal squamous cell carcinoma (RSCC) accounts for less than 5% of urothelial tumours in urinary system. Very few cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of kidney have been reported in the world literature. Only forty-six cases over forty four years had been reported from Mayo Clinic. These neoplasms are highly aggressive and locally advanced or metastatic at the time of presentation. Here we report such a case of primary squamous cell  carcinoma of kidney in a 50-year-old lady at a locally recurrent stage with fistulous tract formation.  Palliative radiotherapy came out to be a good clinical modality even in locally recurrent stage in this patient. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11734 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July12
A case of battered wife
Authors: Ahmed KS , Begum A , Alamgir M , Al Masud M A
Published: September 2012

The use of corrective force against the wife is still rife in all cultures and even socially acceptable in some culture. Domestic violence is still common in our society. We report a case of 20 years old woman who admitted into OCC of DMCH through emergency department owing to be assaulted by her husband. This case is exceptional one because the injuries inflicted upon her were over the middle of the forehead and clean cut in nature, though non fatal. Awareness and education is needed to stop this social stigma DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11736 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July12
Huge hard palate and nasal septum perforation as a presentation of syphilis: A case report
Authors: Shahrjerdi B , Mohamad I
Published: September 2012

A patient presented with septal and palatal perforations imposes a diagnostic challenge because various potential causes need to be established. Therefore, elucidating the cause of the septal perforation requires obtaining a thorough history. In addition, it is very important to perform necessary investigations for the patients to determine and fix the underlying disease which cause these complaints. We report a case of patient presented with palatal and septal perforations which later was confirmed to have syphilis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11737 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July12
Interfollicular Hodgkin's Lymphoma - A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Zeeba S , Safia R , Pradeep SC , Shruti S , Sujala K
Published: September 2012

Interfollicular Hodgkin's lymphoma represents an unusual pattern of focal involvement of interfollicular zones by Hodgkin's lymphoma along with florid reactive follicular hyperplasia. It is often mistakenly diagnosed as a reactive change. We report a case of a 36 years old male with persistent lymphadenitis for three years, who was finally diagnosed as Interfollicular Hodgkin's lymphoma after being incorrectly diagnosed as reactive lymphadenitis. This case is reported in view of the unusual pattern of Hodgkin's lymphoma as well as its misdiagnosis as a benign lesion. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11739 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July12
Brain Abscess Mimicking Intracranial Extension Of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Idris R , Mohamad I
Published: September 2012

With the advent of more effective but aggressive cancer treatment regimens, survival in many types of cancer has improved including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Radiotherapy (RT) is still the mainstay of treatment for patients with NPC. Unfortunately, it has led to several new complications of cancer and its therapy. One of the most important complications is central nervous system (CNS) infections. We report a case of NPC presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure making the diagnosis of intracranial extension of NPC. Imaging studies later on proved that it was an abscess which responded well with conservative medical treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11741 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July12
Ab Initio Study of Lattice Site Occupancies in Binary Sigma Phases Using a Single-Site Mean Field Model
Authors: Kabliman Evgeniya , Ruban Andrei V. , Blaha Peter , Peil Oleg , Schwarz Karlheinz
Published: September 2012

The site occupation of binary Fe-Cr, Co-Cr, Re-W and Fe-V sigma phases is studied in the present work with a first-principles-based single-site mean field theory. We show that the alloy components in these systems exhibit similar site preferences except for the Re-W system, where the occupation of two sites is reversed in agreement with previously published works. In case of the FeV sigma phase, for which the size mismatch between the alloy components is large, we also include into our consideration the effect of local lattice relaxations. The obtained results are found in good agreement with the experimental data and previous theoretical studies.
A microRNA Link to Glioblastoma Heterogeneity
Authors: Singh Sanjay K. , Vartanian Alenoush , Burrell Kelly , Zadeh Gelareh
Published: September 2012

Glioblastomas (GBM) are one of the most malignant adult primary brain tumors. Through decades of research using various model systems and GBM patients, we have gained considerable insights into the mechanisms regulating GBM pathogenesis, but have mostly failed to significantly improve clinical outcome. For the most part GBM heterogeneity is responsible for this lack of progress. Here, we have discussed sources of cellular and microenvironmental heterogeneity in GBMs and their potential regulation through microRNA mediated mechanisms. We have focused on the role of individual microRNAs (miRNA) through their specific targets and miRNA mediated RNA-RNA interaction networks with the potential to influence various aspects of GBM heterogeneity including tumor neo-vascularization. We believe a better understanding of such mechanisms for regulation of GBM pathogenesis will be instrumental for future therapeutic options.
Structural and Electrical Properties of the τ-(P-S,S-DMEDT-TTF)2 (AuCl2) (AuCl2)y Compound with (y ≈ 0.9)
Authors: Psycharis Vassilis , Mousdis George A. , Murata Keizo , Papavassiliou George C.
Published: September 2012

The compound τ-(P-S,S-DMEDT-TTF)2(AuCl2) (AuCl2)y (where P-S,S-DMEDT-TTF is the compound pyrazino-(S,S)-dimethyl-ethylenedithio-tetrathiofulvale) crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group I-42d, with a = 7.3260(1) Å and c = 67.5487(12) Å (RT data) and remains tetragonal in the temperature range from RT to 100 K. This compound is a quasi-two-dimensional material and the relation of the lattice of the order part of the structure created by the donor molecules with that of the disordered anion lattice revealed by intense diffusion streaks give a value of y ≈ 0.9. In contrast to the Br and I analogs or the related compounds which contain the compound ethylenedioxy-S,S-dimethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene (abbreviated as EDO-S,S-DMEDT-TTF) as donor and which exhibit anisotropic metallic behavior down to low temperature, this compound is anisotropic semiconductor in the same temperature range. The appearance of satellites on the diffraction images recorded below 110 K indicates a structural change. Resistivity measurements show that this material is a semiconductor with anisotropy σa/σc of ca. 400–1400 at room temperature.
Semantic Observation Integration
Authors: Schade Sven , Ostermann Frank , Spinsanti Laura , Kuhn Werner
Published: September 2012

Although the integration of sensor-based information into analysis and decision making has been a research topic for many years, semantic interoperability has not yet been reached. The advent of user-generated content for the geospatial domain, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), makes it even more difficult to establish semantic integration. This paper proposes a novel approach to integrating conventional sensor information and VGI, which is exploited in the context of detecting forest fires. In contrast to common logic-based semantic descriptions, we present a formal system using algebraic specifications to unambiguously describe the processing steps from natural phenomena to value-added information. A generic ontology of observations is extended and profiled for forest fire detection in order to illustrate how the sensing process, and transformations between heterogeneous sensing systems, can be represented as mathematical functions and grouped into abstract data types. We discuss the required ontological commitments and a possible generalization.
Linear and Non-Linear Associations of Gonorrhea Diagnosis Rates with Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Moonesinghe Ramal , Fleming Eleanor , Truman Benedict I. , Dean Hazel D.
Published: September 2012

Identifying how social determinants of health (SDH) influence the burden of disease in communities and populations is critically important to determine how to target public health interventions and move toward health equity. A holistic approach to disease prevention involves understanding the combined effects of individual, social, health system, and environmental determinants on geographic area-based disease burden. Using 2006–2008 gonorrhea surveillance data from the National Notifiable Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance and SDH variables from the American Community Survey, we calculated the diagnosis rate for each geographic area and analyzed the associations between those rates and the SDH and demographic variables. The estimated product moment correlation (PMC) between gonorrhea rate and SDH variables ranged from 0.11 to 0.83. Proportions of the population that were black, of minority race/ethnicity, and unmarried, were each strongly correlated with gonorrhea diagnosis rates. The population density, female proportion, and proportion below the poverty level were moderately correlated with gonorrhea diagnosis rate. To better understand relationships among SDH, demographic variables, and gonorrhea diagnosis rates, more geographic area-based estimates of additional variables are required. With the availability of more SDH variables and methods that distinguish linear from non-linear associations, geographic area-based analysis of disease incidence and SDH can add value to public health prevention and control programs.
Early Combination of Material Characteristics and Toxicology Is Useful in the Design of Low Toxicity Carbon Nanofiber
Authors: Jensen Ellen K. , Larsen Sten Y. , Nygaard Unni C. , Marioara Calin D. , Syversen Tore
Published: September 2012

This paper describes an approach for the early combination of material characterization and toxicology testing in order to design carbon nanofiber (CNF) with low toxicity. The aim was to investigate how the adjustment of production parameters and purification procedures can result in a CNF product with low toxicity. Different CNF batches from a pilot plant were characterized with respect to physical properties (chemical composition, specific surface area, morphology, surface chemistry) as well as toxicity by in vitro and in vivo tests. A description of a test battery for both material characterization and toxicity is given. The results illustrate how the adjustment of production parameters and purification, thermal treatment in particular, influence the material characterization as well as the outcome of the toxic tests. The combination of the tests early during product development is a useful and efficient approach when aiming at designing CNF with low toxicity. Early quality and safety characterization, preferably in an iterative process, is expected to be efficient and promising for this purpose. The toxicity tests applied are preliminary tests of low cost and rapid execution. For further studies, effects such as lung inflammation, fibrosis and respiratory cancer are recommended for the more in-depth studies of the mature CNF product.
Simple Synthesis of Modafinil Derivatives and Their Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Jung Jae-Chul , Lee Yeonju , Son Jee-Young , Lim Eunyoung , Jung Mankil , Oh Seikwan
Published: September 2012

Simple synthesis of modafinil derivatives and their biological activity are described. The key synthetic strategies involve substitution and coupling reactions. We determined the anti-inflammatory effects of modafinil derivatives in cultured BV2 cells by measuring the inhibition of nitrite production and expression of iNOS and COX-2 after LPS stimulation. It was found that for sulfide analogues introduction of aliphatic groups on the amide part (compounds 11a–d) resulted in lower anti-inflammatory activity compared with cyclic or aromatic moieties (compounds 11e–k). However, for the sulfoxide analogues, introduction of aliphatic moieties (compounds 12a–d) showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than cyclic or aromatic fragments (compounds 12e–k) in BV-2 microglia cells.
Steroidal and Phenolic Glycosides from the Bulbs of Lilium pumilum DC and Their Potential Na+/K+ ATPase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Zhou Zhong-Liu , Feng Zong-Cai , Fu Chun-Yan , Zhang Hua-Lin , Xia Jing-Min
Published: September 2012

A new steroidal saponin, named pumilum A (1), and a new phenolic glycoside, threo-1-(4′-hydroxy-2′-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2′′,4′′-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the bulbs of Lilium pumilum DC, along with five known steroidal saponins. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical methods. In addition, the inhibitory activity of all the isolates on Na+/K+ ATPase was evaluated.
Augustine on Manichaeism and Charisma
Authors: Kaufman Peter Iver
Published: September 2012

Augustine was suspicious of charismatics’ claims to superior righteousness, which supposedly authorized them to relay truths about creation and redemption. What follows finds the origins of that suspicion in his disenchantment with celebrities on whom Manichees relied, specialists whose impeccable behavior and intellectual virtuosity were taken as signs that they possessed insight into the meaning of Christianity’s sacred texts. Augustine’s struggles for self-identity and with his faith’s intelligibility during the late 370s, 380s, and early 390s led him to prefer that his intermediaries between God and humanity be dead (martyred), rather than alive and charismatic.
Reasons Why High Religiosity Can Co-exist with and Precipitate Discontinuation of Anti-retroviral Therapy among Different HIV Clients in Uganda: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Tumwine Christopher , Neema Stella , Wagner Glenn
Published: September 2012

In-depth interviews were conducted with 39 very religious people living with HIV (16 had ever and 23 had never discontinued antiretroviral therapy—ART) to assess the role of religion in these treatment decisions and in coping with HIV. Participants who had ever discontinued ART gave reasons such as: teachings and prophecies from religious leaders, and supporting Biblical scriptures all of which led them to feel that God and their faith, not ART, would help them; and testimonies by their “already healed” peers who had stopped ART. Participants who had never discontinued ART gave reasons such as continuous adherence counseling from multiple sources, improvement in physical health as a result of ART, and beliefs that God heals in different ways and that non-adherence is equal to putting God to a test. High religiosity was reported to help participants cope with HIV through engagement in personal and or community protective behaviours, “taking care of other illness”, and reducing worries. When high religiosity among people living with HIV (PHAs) becomes a barrier to ART adherence, the adherence counseling provided can draw on experiences of PHAs with high religiosity who have sustained good adherence to ART and achieved good health outcomes.
Evasion of Influenza A Viruses from Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Van de Sandt Carolien E. , Kreijtz Joost H. C. M. , Rimmelzwaan Guus F.
Published: September 2012

The influenza A virus is one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in humans. Upon infection with an influenza A virus, both innate and adaptive immune responses are induced. Here we discuss various strategies used by influenza A viruses to evade innate immune responses and recognition by components of the humoral and cellular immune response, which consequently may result in reduced clearing of the virus and virus-infected cells. Finally, we discuss how the current knowledge about immune evasion can be used to improve influenza A vaccination strategies.
Calcitonin screening in patients with thyroid nodules
Authors: Kobe C. , Schmidt M. , Kahraman D. , Malchau G. , Faust M. , Schicha H. , Dietlein M. , Schneider C.
Published: September 2012

Aim: The positive predictive value (PPV) of a slightly elevated basal calcitonin (CT) for the diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is still under debate. Patients, methods: A total of 11 270 patients with thyroid nodules underwent calcitonin screening. Patients with known elevation of CT, renal insufficiency, bacterial infection, alcohol abuse, protonpump inhibitor therapy or autoimmune thyroid disease were excluded from further analysis. Serum CT was determined by the solid-phase, enzyme-labeled, two-site chemiluminescent immunoassay Immulite 2000. If possible, a pentagastrin test was done to differentiate cases of hypercalcitoninaemia. Results: Hypercalcitoninsemia was found in 32 patients. 20 patients underwent surgery. In 10 patients a MTC was found. The PPV of hyper calcitoninaemia for MTC was 31%. The PPV increased to 50% for those patients who underwent surgery (10/20). A subgroup of 26 patients presented with basal CT between 13 and 50 pg/ml, 14 of them underwent surgery, in 4 cases evidence of MTC was revealed. This resulted in a PPV of 15% (4/26), although the value increased to 28% when only surgically treated patients were considered (4/14). Conclusion: Taking all clinical data into account, calcitonin screening has an acceptable PPV for medullary thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodules. Therefore, we recommend calcitonin screening in centers for thyroid disorders.
Synthesis of chiral sulfoximine-based thioureas and their application in asymmetric organocatalysis
Authors: Frings Marcus , Thomé Isabelle , Bolm Carsten
Published: September 2012

For the first time, chiral sulfoximine derivatives have been applied as asymmetric organocatalysts. In combination with a thiourea-type backbone the sulfonimidoyl moiety leads to organocatalysts showing good reactivity in the catalytic desymmetrization of a cyclic meso-anhydride and moderate enantioselectivity in the catalytic asymmetric Biginelli reaction. Straightforward synthetic routes provide the newly designed thiourea-sulfoximine catalysts in high overall yields without affecting the stereohomogeneity of the sulfur-containing core fragment.
Second-Line Protease Inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral Therapy after Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Failure: The Effect of a Nucleoside Backbone
Authors: Waters Laura , Bansi Loveleen , Asboe David , Pozniak Anton , Smit Erasmus , Orkin Chloe , Fearnhill Esther , Dunn David , Phillips Andrew ,   UK CHIC Study,   UK HIV Drug Resistance Database
Published: September 2012

Background

Virological failures on combined anti-retroviral therapy still occur. Boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r)-based therapy is a commonly used option after non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) failure, but whether two fully active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are required is unknown. We investigated the effect of an NRTI backbone in individuals receiving PI/r after failing NNRTI-based combined antiretroviral therapy.

Methods

A longitudinal analysis of the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (CHIC) and UK HIV Drug Resistance Database to identify individuals who failed first-line NNRTI and two NRTIs, and switched to PI/r-based therapy between January 1999 and December 2008 was conducted. We investigated the effect of NRTI on suppression.

Results

In total, 470 individuals met study criteria: 19.6%, 34.5% and 46.0% started 0, 1 or ≥2 NRTIs, respectively. Median CD4+ T-cell count was 223 cells/mm3 and HIV-RNA was 4.3 log10 copies/ml; 246 (52.3%) underwent genotyping before switch. Virological failure occurred in 10.9% and 13% after 48 and 96 weeks, respectively. In multivariable analysis, heterosexual risk group and HIV RNA were independently associated with virological failure; higher CD4+ T-cell count was protective (HR=0.92). Number of new NRTIs or genotypic sensitivity score of backbone had no effect on treatment success rates when modelled as categorical or continuous variables.

Conclusions

Successful treatment with a second-line PI/r may not require two active NRTIs. If replicated in clinical trials, these findings could guide future recommendations.
Dual Raltegravir/Etravirine Combination in Virologically Suppressed HIV-1-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Calin Ruxandra , Paris Luc , Simon Anne , Peytavin Gilles , Wirden Marc , Schneider Luminita , Valantin Marc-Antoine , Tubiana Roland , Agher Rachid , Katlama Christine
Published: September 2012

Background

The combination of raltegravir (RAL) and etravirine (ETR) represents a novel antiretroviral treatment option in patients with toxicity or long-term exposure to standard therapies including protease inhibitors (PI) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of dual RAL/ETR therapy to maintain virological suppression in HIV-1 patients under effective antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods

Using the Nadis database we retrospectively identified all patients in our centre who were switched from different ART regimens to ETR 200 mg twice daily plus RAL 400 mg twice daily prior to February 2010, having a suppressed HIV-1 plasma viral load (pVL<200 copies/ml) at the moment of switch. Patients already on RAL or ETR at baseline were not excluded from the study. Treatment failure was defined as two consecutive pVL>50 copies/ml or discontinuation of RAL/ETR for any reason.

Results

A total of 18 patients were included. Median baseline characteristics were: age 48 years (IQR 45–56), duration of ART 14 years (IQR 13–16), duration of viral suppression 6 years (IQR 5–9), duration of NRTI exposure 11 years (IQR 8–14) and PI exposure 6 years (IQR 3–9). In intent-to-treat analysis, the efficacy at 6 months of follow-up was 94.4% ( n=17/18, 95% CI 74.2, 99%) and 83.3% ( n=15/18, 95% CI 60.7, 94.1%) at 12 months. In per-protocol analysis, the efficacy at 12 months was 100% ( n=15/15, 95% CI 80.6, 100%). No tolerability-related treatment discontinuation was recorded.

Conclusions

This study, although on a limited number of patients, suggests that raltegravir plus etravirine represents a potential option of NRTI/PI-sparing strategy, deserving further investigation in randomized studies.
Dialectique du savoir et l'insu dans la cure : penser la singularité
Authors: Nioche Claire
Published: September 2012

L’article, qui dialectise la structure et le symptôme, les invariants et les singularités, théorise la spécificité de la psychopathologie psychanalytique. Il développe l’hypothèse d’une position, propre à la psychanalyse, du champ du savoir et de celui de l’insu. Il propose quelques concepts pour penser une clinique analytique en termes d’émergence et de nomination du singulier.
Créer un vide ou de la sublimation chez Lacan
Authors: Saint-Cyr Viviana M.
Published: September 2012

Nous étudions la théorie lacanienne de la sublimation dont la formule principale est celle du séminaire sur l’éthique de la psychanalyse : la sublimation « élève un objet à la dignité de la Chose ». Nous nous efforçons de démontrer la logique de cette définition, qui va de l’objet imaginaire désiré au vide de l’Autre entouré, et approfondissons les paradoxes qu’elle implique en ce qu’elle a affaire au rapport des trois registres de la réalité humaine : Symbolique, Imaginaire, Réel. Ce parcours nous permet de tirer l’enseignement de l’architecture, art paradigmatique de la sublimation pour autant qu’elle est créatrice de vide. Comme la sublimation, l’art de bâtir parvient à nous mettre en rapport avec notre propre vide en tant que sujets du désir. L’une et l’autre organisent le vide tout en créant un vide. Ainsi, elles pallient l’horreur du vide réel de la Chose sans pour autant refermer la possibilité de s’en rapprocher.
Symptômes et suppléances. Un essai de problématisation
Authors: Askofaré Sidi , Combres Laurent
Published: September 2012

En l’état, la doctrine psychanalytique propose plusieurs concepts susceptibles de repérer des effets de la structure psychotique chez le sujet. Compensation, décompensation, déclenchement, stabilisation, symptôme et suppléance sont, tout d’abord et dans ce travail, localisés dans les élaborations de Freud et de Lacan. La contribution qui leur fait suite consiste à identifier leur articulation logique, qui n’apparaît pas de prime abord dans ces deux œuvres, par le recours au concept de substitution peu ou pas utilisé jusqu’alors pour appréhender les mécanismes des psychoses.
Symptoms and Supplementary Devices, An Attempt at Problematization
Authors: Askofaré Sidi , Combres Laurent
Published: September 2012

En l’état, la doctrine psychanalytique propose plusieurs concepts susceptibles de repérer des effets de la structure psychotique chez le sujet. Compensation, décompensation, déclenchement, stabilisation, symptôme et suppléance sont, tout d’abord et dans ce travail, localisés dans les élaborations de Freud et de Lacan. La contribution qui leur fait suite consiste à identifier leur articulation logique, qui n’apparaît pas de prime abord dans ces deux œuvres, par le recours au concept de substitution peu ou pas utilisé jusqu’alors pour appréhender les mécanismes des psychoses.
Le « péripsychotique » dans les cliniques interstitielles de l'excitation et de l'inhibition somatopsychiques
Authors: Boucherat-Hue Valérie
Published: September 2012

Autour des concepts de configuration péripsychotique et de handicap somatopsychique, l’article illustrera les cliniques de l’excitation (psychique) et des avatars du refoulement, qu’il s’agisse des « en-trop » à situer du côté des débordements pulsionnels, ou qu’il s’agisse des « en-moins » à ranger du côté de l’extinction conflictuelle. À partir d’une vignette clinique, de cure psychanalytique dont le dispositif a été aménagé, je vais aborder la fonction défensive, en l’occurrence pare-excitante que peut revêtir le handicap psychique et ses variantes somatopsychiques quand il s’agit d’incarner et de colmater dans les mouvements hallucinatoires transféro-contretransférentiels la résurgence de traumatismes originels dans les psychopathologies de l’inhibition et du défaut d’inhibition qu’on peut appeler, de manière imagée, les cliniques de l’(ab)négation.
The Latency Period as Logical Time
Authors: Ahmad Julie
Published: September 2012

L’auteur propose d’envisager la période dite de latence chez l’enfant, dans la métaphore d’une conception structurale du sujet et de sa genèse, comme « temps logique » au sein duquel s’entérine le refoulement de l’Œdipe et le renoncement aux parents de l’infantile, d’une part, et s’anticipe l’avènement des processus adolescents, d’autre part. Ce temps de latence est alors envisagé en ses trois moments logiques que sont : premièrement, la déception de l’enfant face aux parents comme « instant du regard » ouvrant sur l’entrée dans la latence ; deuxièmement, l’interrogation de la place de l’Autre comme « temps pour comprendre » propre à l’opération structurante de la latence ; troisièmement, la disqualification des parents à incarner l’Autre comme conclusion logique objectivée dans l’après-coup de la latence par l’avènement de l’adolescence.
The Contemporary Body and the Problem of Anorexia Nevrosa
Authors: Fortes Isabel
Published: September 2012

L´article établit un parallèle entre le lieu central occupé par la dimension du corps, tant dans la culture que dans la clinique psychanalytique, de nos jours, et l´augmentation de l´incidence des cas d´anorexie observés dans les dernières décennies. Tout d´abord, quelques éléments importants sont présentés, lesquels indiquent la présence du corps aujourd´hui dans la culture, à partir des notions d’« individu somatique » et de « sujet cérébral ». Dans la clinique psychanalytique, on observe que certains symptômes se manifestent directement dans le corps, sans que le patient les associe à un conflit psychique. L´anorexie mentale est travaillée pour illustrer de quelle manière la souffrance psychique s´incarne dans la dimension du corps, à partir de deux traits qui peuvent être détectés dans la subjectivité contemporaine et qui sont liés au syndrome anorexique : la perturbation dans la constitution de l´image corporelle et la négation de l´altérité.
Perspectives historiques et contemporaines sur l'occulte dans la correspondance Freud-Ferenczi
Authors: Rabeyron Thomas , Evrard Renaud
Published: September 2012

La correspondance Freud-Ferenczi met en lumière leurs intérêts réciproques pour la transmission de pensée et la façon dont ils ont partagé, dans l’intimité de ces lettres, leurs expériences et leurs réflexions respectives à ce sujet. Si Ferenczi fut l’instigateur principal des échanges sur la transmission de pensée, Freud proposa également dans cette correspondance ses premières réflexions concernant ses deux cas majeurs sur la télépathie : l’empoisonnement par les huîtres et la prophétie des jumeaux. Nous proposons dans cet article une lecture historique détaillée de ces échanges, de façon à montrer leur actualité et leur pertinence, en particulier dans la compréhension de certains processus psychiques en jeu dans la clinique contemporaine des expériences exceptionnelles.
Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Occultism in the Freud-Ferenczi Correspondence
Authors: Rabeyron Thomas , Evrard Renaud
Published: September 2012

La correspondance Freud-Ferenczi met en lumière leurs intérêts réciproques pour la transmission de pensée et la façon dont ils ont partagé, dans l’intimité de ces lettres, leurs expériences et leurs réflexions respectives à ce sujet. Si Ferenczi fut l’instigateur principal des échanges sur la transmission de pensée, Freud proposa également dans cette correspondance ses premières réflexions concernant ses deux cas majeurs sur la télépathie : l’empoisonnement par les huîtres et la prophétie des jumeaux. Nous proposons dans cet article une lecture historique détaillée de ces échanges, de façon à montrer leur actualité et leur pertinence, en particulier dans la compréhension de certains processus psychiques en jeu dans la clinique contemporaine des expériences exceptionnelles.
Rare, Potentially Fatal, Poorly Understood Propofol Infusion Syndrome
Authors: Annen Eva , Girard Thierry , Urwyler Albert
Published: September 2012

We present the case of a 7-year old boy with traumatic brain injury who received propofol during 38 h. Thirty-six hours after cessation of propofol infusion asystole occurred. After immediate mechanical and medical resuscitation, unreactive dilated pupils were observed. The following computed tomography scan revealed a generalized brain edema with transtentorial herniation. Prolonged bradyarrhythmia, rhabdomyolysis, and peracute renal failure were observed. Despite immediate craniectomy, barbiturate treatment, hemofiltration, and recovery of appropriate cardiac function, the patient died four days after discontinuation of propofol. In this case, metabolic acidosis, cardiac failure, rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure are in accordance with the symptoms of propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS), while seizure, brain edema, and transtentorial herniation could be caused by traumatic brain injury. However, it may be assumed that the entire clinical picture was caused by PRIS. This view could be explained by a common loss of function of ryanodine receptors in patients presenting with PRIS.
The Core Mouse Response to Infection by Neospora Caninum Defined by Gene Set Enrichment Analyses
Authors: Ellis John , Goodswen Stephen , Kennedy Paul J , Bush Stephen
Published: September 2012

In this study, the BALB/c and Qs mouse responses to infection by the parasite Neospora caninum were investigated in order to identify host response mechanisms. Investigation was done using gene set (enrichment) analyses of microarray data. GSEA, MANOVA, Romer, subGSE and SAM-GS were used to study the contrasts Neospora strain type, Mouse type (BALB/c and Qs) and time post infection (6 hours post infection and 10 days post infection). The analyses show that the major signal in the core mouse response to infection is from time post infection and can be defined by gene ontology terms Protein Kinase Activity, Cell Proliferation and Transcription Initiation. Several terms linked to signaling, morphogenesis, response and fat metabolism were also identified. At 10 days post infection, genes associated with fatty acid metabolism were identified as up regulated in expression. The value of gene set (enrichment) analyses in the analysis of microarray data is discussed.
Is Qualitative Research Becoming McDonaldized?
Authors: Bryman Alan , Beardsworth Alan
Published: September 2012

The contention put forward by Ritzer (1993) that the McDonald's restaurant has become the model for the extension of bureaucratic and Scientific Management principles to diverse areas of contemporary social life has seized both the popular and the sociological imagination. The term ‘McDonaldization’ has entered both academic and lay discourses, and its four component themes of efficiency, calculability, predictability and control are seen as embodying current manifestations of an inexorably self-extending process of standardization. Of course, Ritzer's thesis has not gone uncontested, and has been the object of a number of important critiques. One of the areas to which Ritzer and others have applied the concept of McDonaldization is higher education, but in doing so there has been a tendency to emphasize teaching rather than research. It is the primary purpose of this article to explore the utility of the concept of McDonaldization for the understanding of certain aspects of qualitative research in sociology. As such a sociological concept is being turned back onto the academic community to explore whether it can illuminate an aspect of the research process.
Congenital syphilis in Switzerland: gone, forgotten, on the return
Authors: Meyer Sauteur , Trück J , Bosshard PP , Tomaske M , Morán Cadenas , Lautenschlager S , Goetschel P
Published: September 2012

INTRODUCTION:Acquired syphilis has re-emerged in many Western European countries. In contrast to international guidelines, screening for syphilis in pregnancy is not generally recommended in Switzerland. There has been an increase in the incidence of laboratory syphilis notifications in recent years, regardless of gender and age.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study, evaluating the total numbers of pregnant women with positive syphilis serology (Treponema pallidum Particle Agglutination assay, TPPA) from 2000 to 2009, and evaluated the clinical management and outcome of their offspring. In addition, we sought to determine cases of infectious syphilis (primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis) reported to the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health in women of childbearing age, which has previously been shown to precede changes in the incidence of congenital syphilis within a population.
RESULTS: Out of 13,833 women who gave birth at our institution, positive syphilis serology was found in 9 pregnant women during the 10 years studied. A total of 6 pregnant women were diagnosed having syphilis infection during pregnancy. Regarding their offspring, 8 of the 9 newborns were tested serologically. One neonate experienced congenital syphilis because the adequately treated mother developed re-infection after treatment. Within the Swiss population, infectious syphilis cases in women of childbearing age increased substantially from 2006 to 2009.
CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiologic data suggest that congenital syphilis could become a medical problem in Switzerland due to the rise of infectious syphilis cases in women of childbearing age that have been shown to be followed by changes in the congenital syphilis incidence. The persistence of congenital syphilis in Switzerland along with this rise of infectious syphilis in women of childbearing age suggests a potential for improvement of prenatal care and syphilis control programmes.
Four-year (2006–2009) eddy covariance measurements of CO2 flux over an urban area in Beijing
Authors: Liu H. Z. , Feng J. W. , Järvi L. , Vesala T.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Long-term measurements of carbon dioxide flux (Fc) and the latent and sensible heat fluxes were performed using the eddy covariance (EC) method in Beijing, China over a 4-yr period in 2006–2009. The EC setup was installed at a height of 47 m on the Beijing 325-m meteorological tower in the northwest part of the city. Latent heat flux dominated the energy exchange between the urban surface and the atmosphere in summer, while sensible heat flux was the main component in the spring. Winter and autumn were two transition periods of the turbulent fluxes. The source area of Fc was highly heterogeneous, which consisted of buildings, parks, and highways. It was of interest to study of the temporal and spatial variability of Fc in this urban environment of a developing country. Both on diurnal and monthly scale, the urban surface acted as a net source for CO2 and downward fluxes were only occasionally observed. The diurnal pattern of Fc showed dependence on traffic and the typical two peak traffic patterns appeared in the diurnal cycle. Also Fc was higher on weekdays than on weekends due to the higher traffic volumes on weekdays. On seasonal scale, Fc was generally higher in winter than during other seasons likely due to domestic heating during colder months. Total annual average CO2 emissions from the neighborhood of the tower were estimated to be 4.90 kg C m−2 yr−1 over the 4-yr period. Total vehicle population was the most important factor controlling the inter-annual variability of Fc in this urban area.
Aircraft observations and model simulations of concentration and particle size distribution in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash cloud
Authors: Dacre H. F. , Grant A. L. M. , Johnson B. T.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. The Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland emitted a cloud of ash into the atmosphere during April and May 2010. Over the UK the ash cloud was observed by the FAAM BAe-146 Atmospheric Research Aircraft which was equipped with in-situ probes measuring the concentration of volcanic ash carried by particles of varying sizes. The UK Met Office Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME) has been used to simulate the evolution of the ash cloud emitted by the Eyjafjallajökull volcano during the period 4–18 May 2010. In the NAME simulations the processes controlling the evolution of the concentration and particle size distribution include sedimentation and deposition of particles, horizontal dispersion and vertical wind shear. For travel times between 24 and 72 h a 1/t relationship describes the evolution of the concentration at the centre of the ash cloud and the particle size distribution remains fairly constant. Although NAME does not represent the effects of microphysical processes it can capture the observed decrease in concentration with travel time in this period. This suggests that, for this eruption, microphysical processes play a small role in determining the evolution of the distal ash cloud. Quantitative comparison with observations shows that NAME can simulate the observed column integrated mass if around 4% of the total emitted mass is assumed to be transported as far as the UK by small (<30 m diameter) particles. NAME can also simulate the observed particle size distribution if a distal particle size distribution that contains a large fraction of <10 m diameter particles is used, consistent with the idea that phraetomagmatic volcanoes, such as Eyjafjallajökull, emit very fine particles.
On recent (2008–2012) stratospheric aerosols observed by lidar over Japan
Authors: Uchino O. , Sakai T. , Nagai T. , Nakamae K. , Morino I. , Arai K. , Okumura H. , Takubo S. , Kawasaki T. , Mano Y. , Matsunaga T. , Yokota T.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. An increase in stratospheric aerosols caused by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Nabro (13.37° N, 41.70° E) on 12 June 2011 was first detected by lidar at Tsukuba (36.05° N, 140.13° E) and Saga (33.24° N, 130.29° E) in Japan. The maximum backscattering ratios at a wavelength of 532 nm were 2.0 at 17.0 km on 10 July 2011 at Tsukuba and 3.6 at 18.2 km on 23 June 2011 at Saga. The maximum integrated backscattering coefficients (IBCs) above the first tropopause height were 4.18 × 10−4 sr−1 on 11 February 2012 at Tsukuba and 4.19 × 10−4 sr−1 on 23 June 2011 at Saga, respectively. A time series of lidar observational results at Tsukuba have also been reported from January 2008 through May 2012. Increases in stratospheric aerosols were observed after the volcanic eruptions of Mt. Kasatochi (52.18° N, 175.51° E) in August 2008 and Mt. Sarychev Peak (48.09° N, 153.20° E) in June 2009. The yearly averaged IBCs at Tsukuba were 2.60 × 10−4 sr−1, 2.52 × 10−4 sr−1, 2.45 × 10−4 sr−1, and 2.20 × 10−4 sr−1 for 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. These values were about twice the IBC background level (1.21 × 10−4 sr−1) from 1997 to 2001 at Tsukuba. We briefly discuss the influence of the increased aerosols on climate and the implications for analysis of satellite data.
Meteorological observations in the Northern Chilean coast during VOCALS-REx
Authors: Rutllant J. A. , Muñoz R. C. , Garreaud R. D.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Surface coastal observations from two automatic weather stations at Paposo (~25° S) and radiosonde observations at Paposo and Iquique (~20° S), were carried out during VOCALS-REx. Within the coastal marine boundary layer (MBL), characteristic sea-land breezes are superimposed on the prevailing southerlies, resulting in light northeasterly winds from mid-night to early morning and strong near-surface southwesterlies in the afternoon. The prevailing northerly wind above the MBL and below the Andes top is modulated by the onshore–offshore (zonal) flow components induced by the diurnal cycle of net radiation along the western slope of the Andes. This diurnal cycle of the zonal regional circulation is consistent with an enhanced afternoon coastal subsidence manifested in a lower inversion base and a slight warming at its top. A numerical simulation of this zonal atmospheric circulation in a regional domain captures the afternoon zonal wind divergence and resulting subsidence along a narrow (~10 km) coastal strip. Day-to-day variability during VOCALS-REx shows subsynoptic oscillations in the MBL depth, aside from two major disruptions in connection with a deep trough and a cutoff low, as described elsewhere. These oscillations are phase-locked to those in sea-level pressure and afternoon alongshore southerlies, as found in connection with coastal lows farther south. From a simple scale analysis, one can tentatively conclude that the mean offshore transport of sulfur dioxide from inner, elevated sources could be associated with the afternoon seaward flow with a delay of the order of at least one-day. Within the MBL, biogenic dimethylsulfide (DMS) could be more easily degassed in the afternoon due to the strengthening of the SW winds, while other coastal sources could contribute preferentially at dawn, coinciding with the maximum coastal low-cloud cover.
WRF-Chem simulations in the Amazon region during wet and dry season transitions: evaluation of methane models and wetland inundation maps
Authors: Beck V. , Gerbig C. , Koch T. , Bela M. M. , Longo K. M. , Freitas S. R. , Kaplan J. O. , Prigent C. , Bergamaschi P. , Heimann M.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. The Amazon region as a large source of methane (CH4) contributes significantly to the global annual CH4 budget. For the first time in the Amazon region, a forward and inverse modelling framework on regional scale for the purpose of assessing the CH4 budget of the Amazon region is implemented. Here, we present forward simulations of CH4 based on a modified version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry that allows for passive tracer transport of CH4, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide (WRF-GHG), in combination with two different process-based bottom-up models of CH4 emissions from anaerobic microbial production in wetlands and additional datasets prescribing CH4 emissions from other sources such as biomass burning, termites, or other anthropogenic emissions. We compare WRF-GHG simulations on 10 km horizontal resolution to flask and continuous CH4 observations obtained during two airborne measurement campaigns within the Balanço Atmosférico Regional de Carbono na Amazônia (BARCA) project in November 2008 and May 2009. In addition, three different wetland inundation maps, prescribing the fraction of inundated area per grid cell, are evaluated. Our results indicate that the wetland inundation map with inundated area changing in time represents the observations best except for the northern part of the Amazon basin and the Manaus area. WRF-GHG was able to represent the observed CH4 mixing ratios best at days with less convective activity. After adjusting wetland emissions to match the averaged observed mixing ratios of flights with little convective activity, the monthly CH4 budget of the Amazon lowland region obtained from four different simulations ranges from 1.5 to 4.8 Tg for November 2008 and from 1.3 to 5.5 Tg for May 2009. This corresponds to an average CH4 flux of 9–31 mg m−2 d−1 for November 2008 and 8–36 mg m−2 d−1 for May 2009.
MAX-DOAS observations of the total atmospheric water vapour column and comparison with independent observations
Authors: Wagner T. , Andreae M. O. , Beirle S. , Dörner S. , Mies K. , Shaiganfar R.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. We developed an algorithm for the retrieval of the atmospheric water vapour column from Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations in the yellow and red spectral range. The retrieval is based on the so called geometric approximation and does not depend on a-priori information, extensive radiative transfer simulations, or the construction of large look-up tables. Disturbances of the radiative transfer due to aerosols and clouds are simply corrected using the simultaneously measured absorptions of the oxygen dimer, O4. We applied our algorithm to MAX-DOAS observations made at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany, from March to August 2011 and compared the results to independent observations. Good agreement with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) H2O vertical column densities (VCDs) is found, while the agreement with satellite observations is less good, most probably caused by the shielding effect of clouds for the satellite observations. Good agreement is also found with near-surface in-situ observations, and it was possible to derive average daily H2O layer heights (between 1.5 km and 3 km). MAX-DOAS measurements use cheap and simple instrumentation and can be run automatically. One important advantage of our algorithm is that the H2O VCD can be retrieved even under cloudy conditions (except clouds with very high optical thickness).