bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Blobs Concurrently Observed With Bubbles in the Asian‐Oceanian Sector During Solar Maximum
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Huixin , Shi Jiankui , Wang Guojun , Wang Xiao
Published: July 2019

With simultaneous ionospheric measurements from ROCSAT‐1 satellite and ground ionosondes/GPS receivers, three cases of concurrent plasma blobs and bubbles in the same magnetic meridian were observed around 22:30 LT in Asian‐Oceanian sector during solar maximum. Two cases were observed: equatorial spread F (ESF) over Vanimo station (geog. 2.7°S, 141.3°E; geom. 11.2°S, 146.2°W) and plasma blobs around 8.0°S (geom.) on 1 June and 6 October 2003. The other case observed equatorial spread F over Hainan station (geog. 19.5°N, 109.1°E; geom. 9.1°N, 179.1°W) and plasma blob near the dip equator on 8 March 2004. Plasma blobs were all observed near 600‐km height near the equator. Equatorial spread F and amplitude scintillations from the ground stations were observed near the same magnetic meridian, indicating the existence of bubbles. Considering that both plasma bubbles and blobs are field‐aligned elongated structures, magnetic field line mapping shows that in the two cases at Vanimo, blobs were above bubbles, providing direct observational evidence for blob formation in the intermediate stage of plasma bubble evolution; in the case at Hainan, the blob and bubble were likely at similar height, and it could be generated by gravity wave.
Post Earthquake Aggradation Processes to Hide Surface Ruptures in Thrust Systems: The M8.3, 1934, Bihar‐Nepal Earthquake Ruptures at Charnath Khola (Eastern Nepal)
Authors: Rizza M. , Bollinger L. , Sapkota S. N. , Tapponnier P. , Klinger Y. , Karakaş Ç. , Kali E. , Etchebes M. , Tiwari D. R. , Siwakoti I. , Bitri A. , Bes de Berc S.
Published: July 2019

The Charnath Khola is a large river crossing the Himalayan thrust system in the region devastated by the great M8.3 1934 Bihar‐Nepal earthquake. Fluvial terraces are abandoned along the river and at the base of a ~20‐m high cumulative thrust escarpment. A trench across the fault scarp exposed Siwalik mudstone/siltstone overthrusting Quaternary units and three colluvial wedges interfingered with fluvial sands. The 85 accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates, from detrital charcoals sampled in the trench, a river cut and river terraces, constrain the timing of the sedimentary processes following the last two major earthquakes, in 1934 and 1255 CE. Although several samples straddle the main earthquake horizon, associating it with the 1934 earthquake, based solely on radiocarbon ages, remains challenging. The 49 detrital charcoal ages found in the pre‐earthquake and postearthquake units fall between 65 and 225 BP, a period with a flat calibration curve. Many of these radiocarbon ages are suspected to include a part due to inbuilt time (i.e., age of the wood at the time of burning), transport time, and reworking processes, which are difficult to resolve. Considering these ages at their face value could lead to dates older than the actual earthquake dates. We suggest that a part of this chronological bias is also related to a local postseismic aggradation pulse of 4 to 5 m of sediments, which is documented in the trench and terraces. This fluvial sequence, hiding the most recent surface rupture, is likely related to landslide‐sediment deposition triggered by the 1934 Bihar‐Nepal earthquake.
Geology of the Ionian Basin and Margins: A Key to the East Mediterranean Geodynamics
Authors: Tugend J. , Chamot‐Rooke N. , Arsenikos S. , Blanpied C. , Frizon de Lamotte D.
Published: July 2019

We revisit the nature, structure, and evolution of the Ionian Basin and its surrounding passive margins (Apulia, Eastern Sicily/Malta, and Cyrenaica margins). Relying on geological observations (wells, dredges, and dives) and seismic calibrations from the surrounding platforms and escarpments, we present age correlations for the deepest sedimentary sequences of the Ionian Basin. Two‐ship deep refraction seismic data combined with reprocessed reflection seismic data enable us to identify, characterize, and map these thick sedimentary sequences and to present a consistent seismic stratigraphy across the basin. At a larger scale, we present new geological transects illustrating the tectonostratigraphic relationships between the Ionian Basin and its surrounding rifted margins. On this basis, we suggest that a Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic rifting preceded the late Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic formation of the Ionian Basin. The combination of geophysical and geological arguments suggests that the entire deep basin is floored with oceanic crust of normal thickness, but with high seismic velocity in the upper part. Upscaling our results in the framework of the eastern Mediterranean, we propose that the Ionian Basin represents the remnant of a short‐lived oceanic basin resulting from the interaction between two propagating oceans: the Central Atlantic and the Neo‐Tethys.
Sequential LASER ART and CRISPR Treatments Eliminate HIV-1 in a Subset of Infected Humanized Mice
Authors: Dash Prasanta K. , Kaminski Rafal , Bella Ramona , Su Hang , Mathews Saumi , Ahooyi Taha M. , Chen Chen , Mancuso Pietro , Sariyer Rahsan , Ferrante Pasquale , Donadoni Martina , Robinson Jake A. , Sillman Brady , Lin Zhiyi , Hilaire James R. , Banoub Mary , Elango Monalisha , Gautam Nagsen , Mosley R. Lee , Poluektova Larisa Y. , McMillan JoEllyn , Bade Aditya N. , Gorantla Santhi , Sariyer Ilker K. , Burdo Tricia H. , Young Won-Bin , Amini Shohreh , Gordon Jennifer , Jacobson Jeffrey M. , Edagwa Benson , Khalili Kamel , Gendelman Howard E.
Published: July 2019

Elimination of HIV-1 requires clearance and removal of integrated proviral DNA from infected cells and tissues. Here, sequential long-acting slow-effective release antiviral therapy (LASER ART) and CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrate viral clearance in latent infectious reservoirs in HIV-1 infected humanized mice. HIV-1 subgenomic DNA fragments, spanning the long terminal repeats and the Gag gene, are excised in vivo, resulting in elimination of integrated proviral DNA; virus is not detected in blood, lymphoid tissue, bone marrow and brain by nested and digital-droplet PCR as well as RNAscope tests. No CRISPR-Cas9 mediated off-target effects are detected. Adoptive transfer of human immunocytes from dual treated, virus-free animals to uninfected humanized mice fails to produce infectious progeny virus. In contrast, HIV-1 is readily detected following sole LASER ART or CRISPR-Cas9 treatment. These data provide proof-of-concept that permanent viral elimination is possible.
Molecular tuning of farnesoid X receptor partial agonism
Authors: Merk Daniel , Sreeramulu Sridhar , Kudlinzki Denis , Saxena Krishna , Linhard Verena , Gande Santosh L. , Hiller Fabian , Lamers Christina , Nilsson Ewa , Aagaard Anna , Wissler Lisa , Dekker Niek , Bamberg Krister , Schubert-Zsilavecz Manfred , Schwalbe Harald
Published: July 2019

The bile acid-sensing transcription factor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates multiple metabolic processes. Modulation of FXR is desired to overcome several metabolic pathologies but pharmacological administration of full FXR agonists has been plagued by mechanism-based side effects. We have developed a modulator that partially activates FXR in vitro and in mice. Here we report the elucidation of the molecular mechanism that drives partial FXR activation by crystallography- and NMR-based structural biology. Natural and synthetic FXR agonists stabilize formation of an extended helix α11 and the α11-α12 loop upon binding. This strengthens a network of hydrogen bonds, repositions helix α12 and enables co-activator recruitment. Partial agonism in contrast is conferred by a kink in helix α11 that destabilizes the α11-α12 loop, a critical determinant for helix α12 orientation. Thereby, the synthetic partial agonist induces conformational states, capable of recruiting both co-repressors and co-activators leading to an equilibrium of co-activator and co-repressor binding.
Emergence of multiple fluorophores in individual cesium lead bromide nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Yuhai , Guo Tianle , Yang Haoze , Bose Riya , Liu Lingmei , Yin Jun , Han Yu , Bakr Osman M. , Mohammed Omar F. , Malko Anton V.
Published: July 2019

Cesium-based perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) possess alluring optical and electronic properties via compositional and structural versatility, tunable bandgap, high photoluminescence quantum yield and facile chemical synthesis. Despite the recent progress, origins of the photoluminescence emission in various types of PNCs remains unclear. Here, we study the photon emission from individual three-dimensional and zero-dimensional cesium lead bromide PNCs. Using photon antibunching and lifetime measurements, we demonstrate that emission statistics of both type of PNCs are akin to individual molecular fluorophores, rather than traditional semiconductor quantum dots. Aided by density functional modelling, we provide compelling evidence that green emission in zero-dimensional PNCs stems from exciton recombination at bromide vacancy centres within lead-halide octahedra, unrelated to external confinement. These findings provide key information about the nature of defect formation and the origin of emission in cesium lead halide perovskite materials, which foster their utilization in the emerging optoelectronic applications.
A molecular switch from STAT2-IRF9 to ISGF3 underlies interferon-induced gene transcription
Authors: Platanitis Ekaterini , Demiroz Duygu , Schneller Anja , Fischer Katrin , Capelle Christophe , Hartl Markus , Gossenreiter Thomas , Müller Mathias , Novatchkova Maria , Decker Thomas
Published: July 2019

Cells maintain the balance between homeostasis and inflammation by adapting and integrating the activity of intracellular signaling cascades, including the JAK-STAT pathway. Our understanding of how a tailored switch from homeostasis to a strong receptor-dependent response is coordinated remains limited. Here, we use an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach to analyze transcription-factor binding, gene expression and in vivo proximity-dependent labelling of proteins in living cells under homeostatic and interferon (IFN)-induced conditions. We show that interferons (IFN) switch murine macrophages from resting-state to induced gene expression by alternating subunits of transcription factor ISGF3. Whereas preformed STAT2-IRF9 complexes control basal expression of IFN-induced genes (ISG), both type I IFN and IFN-γ cause promoter binding of a complete ISGF3 complex containing STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9. In contrast to the dogmatic view of ISGF3 formation in the cytoplasm, our results suggest a model wherein the assembly of the ISGF3 complex occurs on DNA.
Author Correction: Formation of helical membrane tubes around microtubules by single-headed kinesin KIF1A
Authors: Oriola David , Roth Sophie , Dogterom Marileen , Casademunt Jaume
Published: July 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Talking matters – evaluative and motivational inner speech use predicts performance in conflict tasks
Authors: Gade Miriam , Paelecke Marko
Published: July 2019

Conflict between response tendencies is ubiquitous in every day performance. Capabilities that resolve such conflicts are therefore mandatory for successful goal achievement. The present study investigates the potential of evaluative and motivational inner speech to help conflict resolution. In our study we assessed six tasks commonly used to measure conflict resolution capabilities and cognitive flexibility in 163 participants. Participants additionally answered questionnaires concerned with their habitual usage of inner speech such as silently rehearsing task instructions and evaluating performance. We found reduced conflict effects in tasks using symbolic, non-verbal stimuli for participants with higher self-reported use of evaluative and motivational inner speech. Overall, our findings suggest that silent self-talk and performance monitoring are beneficial for conflict resolution over and above constructs such as intelligence and working memory capacity that account for mean RT differences among participants.
Asymmetric quantum correlations in the dynamical Casimir effect
Authors: Zhang Xue , Liu Hui , Wang Zhihai , Zheng Taiyu
Published: July 2019

Considering the current available experimental studies on the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) in superconducting microwave waveguides, we study asymmetric quantum correlations in microwave radiation. The asymmetric quantum correlations are created by the presence of detuning in the DCE. We study the asymmetric quantum steering and determine the parameter regions of one- and two-way quantum steering. It shows that steering from Bob to Alice is more difficult than steering from Alice to Bob. Moreover, we find regions that represent states that, although entangled, cannot be used for teleporting coherent states; however, the steerable states are appropriate for quantum teleportation. We investigate how the teleportation fidelity functions as an indicator of the quality of EPR steering in the DCE.
Dentate granule and mossy cells exhibit distinct spatiotemporal responses to local change in a one-dimensional landscape of visual-tactile cues
Authors: Jung Dajung , Kim Soyoun , Sariev Anvar , Sharif Farnaz , Kim Daesoo , Royer Sebastien
Published: July 2019

The dentate gyrus (DG) is critical for detecting changes in environments; however, how granule cells (GCs) and mossy cells (MCs), the two excitatory cell types of the DG, respond to small changes in the object layout is unclear. Here, we recorded GCs and MCs, identified by spike feature and optogenetic tagging, as mice ran on a treadmill belt enriched with visual-tactile cues. We observed that fixing a new cue on the belt induced a reconfiguration of GC and MC spatial representations via the emergence, extinction and rate alteration of firing fields. For both GCs and MCs, the response was maximal near the cue and spread over the entire belt. However, compared to the GC response, the MC response was stronger and more immediate, peaked at a slightly earlier belt position, and exhibited a transient component reminiscent of neuromodulatory activity. A competitive neural network model reproduced the GC response contingent on both the introduction of new object-vector inputs and the reconfiguration of MC activity, the former being critical for spreading the GC response in locations distant from the cue. These findings suggest that GCs operate as a competitive network and that MCs precede GCs in detecting changes and help expand the range of GC pattern separation.
Improved infrared spectroscopic discrimination between gall bladder (GB) polyps and GB cancer using component-descriptive spectral features of separated phases from bile
Authors: Jang Eunjin , Jeong Jaemin , Yim Ji-Hye , Kim Yohan , Lee Chang Hee , Choi Dongho , Chung Hoeil
Published: July 2019

This study demonstrates a unique strategy for enhancing infrared (IR) spectroscopic discrimination between gall bladder (GB) polyps and cancer.
Quantification of elements in copper–zinc ores at micro- and macro-levels by total reflection X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Authors: Sharanov Pavel Yu. , Volkov Dmitry S. , Alov Nikolai V.
Published: July 2019

A new approach for the direct determination of the elemental composition of copper–zinc ores by TXRF based on non-aqueous suspension preparation is proposed.
A new ferroelastic hybrid material with a large spontaneous strain: (Me3NOH)2[ZnCl4]
Authors: Yuan Wei , Zeng Ying , Tan Ya-Yin , Zhou Jian-Hua , Xu Wei-Jian , Zhang Wei-Xiong , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: July 2019

A new organic–inorganic hybrid undergoes a ferroelastic phase transition at 351 K accompanied with a large spontaneous stain.
A huge novel polyoxometalate-based cluster Fe10P4W32exhibiting prominent electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction and third-order NLO properties
Authors: Jiang Wei , Liu Xiao-Mei , Liu Jian , Shi Jie , Cao Jia-Peng , Luo Xi-Ming , You Wan-Sheng , Xu Yan
Published: July 2019

A novel high-nuclear POM-based cluster {Fe10P4W32} consists of two inorganic blocks {P2W14} and four organic groups linked by ten iron ions.
CO release with ratiometric fluorescence changes: a promising visible-light-triggered metal-free CO-releasing molecule
Authors: Feng Weiyong , Feng Shumin , Feng Guoqiang
Published: July 2019

A visible-light-triggered metal-free CO-releasing molecule with distinct ratiometric fluorescence changes was reported for CO release in living systems.
High pressure synthesis of a quasi-one-dimensional GdFeO3-type perovskite PrCuO3 with nearly divalent Cu ions
Authors: Ito Masaharu , Takahashi Hidefumi , Sakai Hideaki , Sagayama Hajime , Yamasaki Yuichi , Yokoyama Yuichi , Setoyama Hiroyuki , Wadati Hiroki , Takahashi Kanako , Kusano Yoshihiro , Ishiwata Shintaro
Published: July 2019

A new perovskite-type cuprate PrCuO3 with unusual oxidation state and quasi-one-dimensional Cu–O chains has been synthesized by high-pressure oxygen annealing.
Optimizing the molecular structure and packing style of a crystal by intramolecular cyclization from picrylhydrazone to indazole
Authors: Tang Jie , Cheng Guangbin , Zhao Ying , Yang Pengju , Ju Xuehai , Yang Hongwei
Published: July 2019

Crystal engineering has prompted the development of energetic materials in recent years.
Contribution of substrate reorganization energies of electron transfer to laccase activity
Authors: Mehra Rukmankesh , Kepp Kasper P.
Published: July 2019

Laccase substrate reorganization energies computed by DFT show that electronic structure changes of these substrates contribute to enzymatic proficiency.
Prominent out-of-plane diffraction in helium scattering from a methyl-terminated Si(111) surface
Authors: del Cueto Marcos , Muzas Alberto S. , Frankcombe Terry J. , Martín Fernando , Díaz Cristina
Published: July 2019

Out-of-plane diffraction widely surpasses in-plane diffraction in helium atom scattering from methyl-terminated Si(111) surfaces.
Controlled deuterium labelling of imidazolium ionic liquids to probe the fine structure of the electrical double layer using neutron reflectometry
Authors: Akutsu-Suyama Kazuhiro , Cagnes Marina , Tamura Kazuhisa , Kanaya Toshiji , Darwish Tamim A.
Published: July 2019

The electrical double layer structure formed in an ionic liquid electrolyte was determined by combining the neutron reflectivity and deuterium labelling techniques.
Chiral features of metal phthalocyanines sitting atop the pre-assembled TiOPc monolayer on Ag(111)
Authors: Zhu Hao , Song Huanjun , Zhao Wenhui , Peng Zhantao , Liu Dan , Xing Lingbo , Dai Jingxin , Huang Zhichao , Liao Peilin , Wang Yuan , Wu Kai
Published: July 2019

Chirality of TiOPc and CuPc caused by their asymmetric intermolecular electronic interactions with the underlying pre-assembled TiOPc molecules.
On the adsorption of toluene on amorphous mesoporous silicas with tunable sorption characteristics
Authors: Gatti Giorgio , Olivas Olivera Diana F. , Paul Geo , Bagatin Roberto , Carati Angela , Tagliabue Marco , Bisio Chiara , Marchese Leonardo
Published: July 2019

Two amorphous mesoporous silica (AMS) samples with different textural properties were prepared, characterized by a multi-technique approach and tested as adsorbents for the purification of natural gas from aromatic hydrocarbons.
Hemilabile bonding of 1-oxa-4,7-dithiacyclononane in cyclometallated palladium(ii) complexes
Authors: Janzen Daron E. , Bruening Meaghan A. , Mamiya Arthur A. , Driscoll Laura E. , da Silva Filho Demetrio A.
Published: July 2019

The synthesis and characterization of a series of cyclometallated complexes of Pd(ii) incorporating the mixed donor ligand 1-oxa-4,7-dithiacyclononane ([9]aneS2O) are presented in this study.
In search of stable singlet metalla-N-heterocyclic carbenes (MNHCs): a contribution from theory
Authors: Rohman Shahnaz Sultana , Ghosh Bijoy , Phukan Ashwini K.
Published: July 2019

Computational analysis predicts significantly enhanced stability for a number of skeletally substituted MNHCs, rendering them as suitable candidates for synthesis in a free state.
Co-existence of ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions in a hexanuclear mixed-valence CoIII2MnII2MnIV2 cluster sustained by a multidentate Schiff base ligand
Authors: Stetsiuk Oleh , Synytsia Valentyn , Petrusenko Svitlana R. , Kokozay Vladimir N. , El-Ghayoury Abdelkrim , Cano Joan , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel , Fleury Benoit , Avarvari Narcis
Published: July 2019

An unprecedented mixed-valence CoIII2MnII2MnIV2 cluster has been synthesized. Magnetochemical investigations combined with DFT calculations demonstrate the co-existence of antiferro- and ferromagnetic interactions within the MnIV2MnII2 core.
Correction: UniChip enables long-term recirculating unidirectional perfusion with gravity-driven flow for microphysiological systems
Authors: Wang Ying I. , Shuler Michael L.
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘UniChip enables long-term recirculating unidirectional perfusion with gravity-driven flow for microphysiological systems’ by Ying I. Wang and Michael L. Shuler, Lab Chip, 2018, 18, 2563–2574.
Aqueous binder effects of poly(acrylic acid) and carboxy methylated cellulose on anode performance in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Zhang Huimin , Ming Hai , Qiu Jingyi , Cao Gaoping , Li Meng , Zhu Xiayu , Sui Chen , Zhang Tingting , Ming Jun
Published: July 2019

The aqueous binder effects of poly(acrylic acid) and carboxy methylated cellulose on metal (oxide) anode performance in lithium-ion batteries were studied.
Sculpturing wafer-scale nanofluidic devices for DNA single molecule analysis
Authors: Esmek Franziska M. , Bayat Parisa , Pérez-Willard Fabián , Volkenandt Tobias , Blick Robert H. , Fernandez-Cuesta Irene
Published: July 2019

Imprinted fluidic devices with nanochannels and transient inlets with smooth, gradually decreasing dimensions are used to analyze the flow of DNA single molecules.
Regulating the electron density of dual transition metal sulfide heterostructures for highly efficient hydrogen evolution in alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Yang Miao , Jiang Yimin , Liu Shu , Zhang Mengjie , Guo Qifei , Shen Wei , He Rongxing , Su Wei , Li Ming
Published: July 2019

Novel nitrogen-decorated dual transition metal sulphide heterostructures have been synthesized. Both electron regulation and synergistic effect enhance the HER performance.
The role of Brønsted base basicity in estimating carbon acidity at enzyme active sites: a caveat
Authors: Bearne Stephen L.
Published: July 2019

Using the pKE-BH+a value of the Brønsted base catalyst in the enzyme–substrate complex can overestimate the extent to which an enzyme lowers the substrate's pKC–Ha value.
Aromatic-fused diketophosphanyl-core organic functional materials: phosphorus mimics of imides or beyond?
Authors: Takeda Youhei , Minakata Satoshi
Published: July 2019

The recent advancement in aromatic-fused diketophosphanyl compounds (phosphorus-analogues of aromatic imides) as organic functional materials is reviewed.
The uncommon strong inhibition of α-glucosidase by multivalent glycoclusters based on cyclodextrin scaffolds
Authors: Alali Urjwan , Vallin Aurélie , Bil Abed , Khanchouche Takwa , Mathiron David , Przybylski Cédric , Beaulieu Rémi , Kovensky José , Benazza Mohammed , Bonnet Véronique
Published: July 2019

New inhibitors of α-glucosidase based on perglycosylated cyclodextrins were synthesized via click-chemistry and compared to acarbose.
Thermodynamically driven self-assembly of pyridinearene to hexameric capsules
Authors: Kiesilä Anniina , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah , Moilanen Jani O. , Puttreddy Rakesh , Götz Sven , Rissanen Kari , Barran Perdita , Lützen Arne , Kalenius Elina
Published: July 2019

For the first time the formation of hexameric pyridine[4]arene capsule has been observed in gas phase, in solution and in solid state. A thermodynamic balance between capsule formation was observed, showing favour to hexamer.
Completely degradable backbone-type hydrogen peroxide responsive curcumin copolymer: synthesis and synergistic anticancer investigation
Authors: Qiao Zhu , Liu Huan-Ying , Zha Jie-Cheng , Mao Xiao-Xu , Yin Jun
Published: July 2019

So far, several different kinds of polymer based drug delivery systems have been developed one after another.
Bis(imino)pyridine iron complexes for catalytic carbene transfer reactions
Authors: Wang Ban , Howard Isaac G. , Pope Jackson W. , Conte Eric D. , Deng Yongming
Published: July 2019

The bis(imino)pyridine iron complex, for the first time, is developed as an effective metal carbene catalyst for carbene transfer reactions of donor–acceptor diazo compounds.
Why nitrogen favors oxygen reduction on graphitic materials
Authors: Ferre-Vilaplana Adolfo , Herrero Enrique
Published: July 2019

The roles played by the different nitrogen dopants in the oxygen reduction mechanism are elucidated, determining active sites, selectivity and the effect of the solvation and the hydrogenation of pyridinic nitrogen-dopants.
Effects of poly(ethylene glycol) on the wetting behavior and director configuration of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals confined in cylinders
Authors: Lee Hyesong , Sunkara Vijaya , Cho Yoon-Kyoung , Jeong Joonwoo
Published: July 2019

Poly(ethylene glycol) added to lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals significantly changes their wetting behavior and the director configuration.
MicroRNA-505-5p functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in cervical cancer
Authors: Kapora Elena , Feng Shujun , Liu Wei , Sakhautdinova Indira , Gao Bo , Tan Wenhua
Published: July 2019

MicroRNAs (miRs) are considered to be tumor suppressors or oncogenes as they regulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and differentiation. Recently, microRNA-505 (miR-505) has been reported as being involved in the progression of several human cancers. In the present study, we aim to investigate the expression rate and functional role of miR-505-5p in cervical cancer (CC) to determine its significance regarding the disease’s development.

The expression of miR-505-5p and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in specimens of patients with CC and CC cell lines was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot. The relationship between miR-505-5p and CDK5 was verified by luciferase reporter assay. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Scratch wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the roles of miR-505-5p and CDK5 in CC cell functions. Western Blot was utilized to explore the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers.

The result showed that in CC tissues and CC cell lines miR-505-5p was down-regulated while CDK5 level was up-regulated. MiR-505-5p was closely correlated with the metastasis-associated clinicopathological features. Overexpression of miR-505-5p inhibited cell viability, cell metastasis and EMT in CC cells. CDK5 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-505-5p and inverse relationship between them was also observed. Overexpression of CDK5 reduces the inhibitory effects of miR-505-5p in CC.

Taken together, these results determine that miR-505-5p is a tumor suppressor miRNA which regulates tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via binding to the functional target CDK5 and demonstrates its potential for future use in the treatment of CC.
Linguistic Materials and Metrics for the Creation of Well-Controlled Swedish Speech Perception Tests
Authors: Witte Erik , Köbler Susanne
Published: July 2019

Purpose

As factors influencing human word perception are important in the construction of speech perception tests used within the speech and hearing sciences, the purposes of this study were as follows: first, to develop algorithms that can be used to calculate different types of word metrics that influence the speed and accuracy of word perception and, second, to create a database in which those word metrics were calculated for a large set of Swedish words.

Method

Based on a revision of a large Swedish phonetic dictionary, data and algorithms were developed by which various frequency metrics, word length metrics, semantic metrics, neighborhood metrics, phonotactic metrics, and orthographic transparency metrics were calculated for each word in the dictionary. Of the various word metric algorithms used, some were Swedish language reimplementations of previously published algorithms, and some were developed in this study.

Results

The results of this study have been gathered in a Swedish word metric database called theAFC-list. The AFC-list consists of 816,404 phonetically transcribed Swedish words, all supplied with the word metric data calculated. The full AFC-list has been made publicly available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

Conclusion

The results of this study constitute an extensive linguistic resource for the process of selecting test items in new well-controlled speech perception tests in the Swedish language.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8330009
Propagation and safety analysis of the train‐to‐train communication system
Authors: Song Haifeng , Wu Wei , Dong Hairong , Schnieder Eckehard
Published: July 2019

Smart railway transportation systems aim to make the trains operate in a more intelligent and flexible manner. Reliable train‐to‐train communication, which can increase the efficiency and safety of the train operation, is getting more concern in recent researches, and different communication solutions can be applied to carry out the data communication. However, its propagation and safety analysis is not systematically put forward. In this work, the structure and working principle of a train‐to‐train communication system are proposed. In order to have a better performance, multi‐communication channels are involved. Three different modems are applied to make sure that the system can implement the communication task in different situations. What is more, the long‐range communication modem provides not only long distance communication but also distance measurement between two trains. The propagation analysis based on different carrier waves and application scenarios is discussed. The system safety is evaluated by means of Petri nets, and the analysis procedure can be reused for analysing different system structures.
GAUSSPY+: A fully automated Gaussian decomposition package for emission line spectra
Authors: Riener M. , Kainulainen J. , Henshaw J. D. , Orkisz J. H. , Murray C. E. , Beuther H.
Published: July 2019

Our understanding of the dynamics of the interstellar medium is informed by the study of the detailed velocity structure of emission line observations. One approach to study the velocity structure is to decompose the spectra into individual velocity components; this leads to a description of the data set that is significantly reduced in complexity. However, this decomposition requires full automation lest it become prohibitive for large data sets, such as Galactic plane surveys. We developed GAUSSPY+, a fully automated Gaussian decomposition package that can be applied to emission line data sets, especially large surveys of HI and isotopologues of CO. We built our package upon the existing GAUSSPY algorithm and significantly improved its performance for noisy data. New functionalities of GAUSSPY+ include: (i) automated preparatory steps, such as an accurate noise estimation, which can also be used as stand-alone applications; (ii) an improved fitting routine; (iii) an automated spatial refitting routine that can add spatial coherence to the decomposition results by refitting spectra based on neighbouring fit solutions. We thoroughly tested the performance of GAUSSPY+ on synthetic spectra and a test field from the Galactic Ring Survey. We found that GAUSSPY+ can deal with cases of complex emission and even low to moderate signal-to-noise values.
Optical validation and characterization of Planck PSZ2 sources at the Canary Islands observatories
Authors: Streblyanska A. , Aguado-Barahona A. , Ferragamo A. , Barrena R. , Rubiño-Martín J. A. , Tramonte D. , Genova-Santos R. T. , Lietzen H.
Published: July 2019

Aims. The second catalogue of Planck Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) sources, hereafter PSZ2, is the largest sample of galaxy clusters selected through their SZ signature in the full sky. At the time of publication, 21% of these objects had no known counterpart at other wavelengths. Using telescopes at the Canary Island observatories, we conducted the long-term observational programme 128-MULTIPLE-16/15B (hereafter LP15), a large and complete optical follow-up campaign of all the unidentified PSZ2 sources in the northern sky, with declinations above −15° and no correspondence in the first Planck catalogue PSZ1. The main aim of LP15 is to validate all those SZ cluster candidates, and to contribute to the characterization of the actual purity and completeness of full Planck SZ sample. In this paper, we describe the full programme and present the results of the first year of observations.

Methods. The LP15 programme was awarded 44 observing nights, spread over two years in three telescopes at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory. The full LP15 sample comprises 190 previously unidentified PSZ2 sources. For each target, we performed deep optical imaging and spectroscopy. Our validation procedure combined this optical information with SZ emission as traced by the publicly available Planck Compton y-maps. The final classification of the new galaxy clusters as optical counterparts of the SZ signal is established according to several quantitative criteria based on the redshift, velocity dispersion, and richness of the clusters.

Results. This paper presents the detailed study of 106 objects out of the LP15 sample, corresponding to all the observations carried out during the first year of the programme. We confirmed the optical counterpart for 41 new PSZ2 sources, 31 of them being validated using also velocity dispersion based on our spectroscopic information. This is the largest dataset of newly confirmed PSZ2 sources without any previous optical information. All the confirmed counterparts are rich structures (i.e. they show high velocity dispersion), and are well aligned with the nominal Planck coordinates (i.e. ∼70% of them are located at less than 3′ distance). In total, 65 SZ sources are classified as unconfirmed, 57 of them being due to the absence of an optical over-density, and eight of them due to a weak association with the observed SZ decrement. Most of the sources with no optical counterpart are located at low galactic latitudes and present strong galactic cirrus in the optical images, the dust contamination being the most probable explanation for their inclusion in the PSZ2 catalogue.
Exposure of children with neuroblastoma to ionizing radiation during computed tomography and nuclear medicine imaging – a single centre experience
Authors: Iwanowski J. , Piwowarska-Bilska H. , Wawrykow P. , Walecka A. , Peregud-Pogorzelski J. , Birkenfeld B.
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To calculate cumulative doses of ionizing radiation absorbed by children with neuroblastoma during diagnostic CT and NM scans. Method: Retrospective analysis of 267 CT and NM scans performed in 21 children treated in 2009–2015. Results: The cumulative effective dose absorbed per child ranged from 58 to 536 mSv and was highest in infants under 3 years. Conclusion: Children with suspected neuroblastoma may be exposed to significant doses of radiation during the whole period of diagnosis and monitoring the progress of treatment.
Predicting Recovery Potential (PREP)
Authors: Henneken Tina
Published: July 2019

Werde ich meinen Arm wieder wie zuvor gebrauchen können, werden Therapeuten
häufig gefragt. Der Artikel beschreibt die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines
wichtigen Prognosealgorithmus. Daneben zeigt er auch, wie sich die
Prognoseübermittlung für die Therapie verwenden lässt.
Prognosestellungen in der
Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Horn Ulrike , Lotze Martin
Published: July 2019

Warum sollen wir in unserer Arbeit in der Rehabilitation Prognosen abgeben? Kein
Therapeut möchte Patienten gerne mit einer schlechten Nachricht konfrontieren.
Es steht der Einwand im Raum, dass eine Prognose den Werdegang einer Therapie zu
stark negativ beeinflussen könnte. Trotzdem wünschen die meisten Patienten eine
ehrliche und erfahrene Einschätzung der Schädigung und der Möglichkeiten auf
Rückgewinnung von Teilfunktionen – sollten wir hier nicht optimal vorbereitet
sein?
Prognose bei schweren Bewusstseinsstörungen
Authors: Herzog Jürgen
Published: July 2019

Die Prognosestellung bei Patienten mit schweren Bewusstseinsstörungen ist
besonders komplex. Denn hier treffen medizinische Fragen auf ethische. Die
Qualität der Prognose nimmt Einfluss auf die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit im
Akutstadium, die Länge und Intensität der stationären Behandlung sowie auf die
Langzeitversorgung. Wie breit die Diagnose aufgestellt sein muss, um eine
fundierte prognostische Einschätzung geben zu können, berichtet dieser
Artikel.
Das Curriculum der strukturierten Facharztweiterbildung an der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg: ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Schoelles Kristina J. , Ludwig Franziska , Lang Stefan J. , Böhringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas
Published: July 2019

Hintergrund An der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg wird seit 2006 die Facharztweiterbildung nach einem strukturierten Curriculum durchgeführt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Beschreibung des Curriculums und der Resultate aus den Jahren 2006 bis 2017.

Material und Methoden Wir sichteten alle Dokumente des internen Qualitätsmanagement-Handbuchs zum Thema Facharztweiterbildung. Wir analysierten die Internetpräsenz der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg sowie die öffentliche Darstellung des Weiterbildungscurriculum und alle veröffentlichten Jahresberichte. Zudem wurden Daten von der Personalverwaltung des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Datenverarbeitung führten wir mit Microsoft Excel durch.

Ergebnisse Die „Weiterbildungskarriere“ gestaltet sich in den folgenden Schritten: 1) Strukturiertes Bewerbungsverfahren mit Bewertung durch den Ärztlichen Direktor, die Sektions- und Bereichsleiter sowie den Assistentensprecher. 2) Einarbeitung durch ärztliche Kollegen und einen Paten. 3) Rotation durch alle Bereiche der Klinik. 4a) Jährliche Mitarbeitergespräche. 4b) Festlegung des „Karrierepfades“ nach 3 Jahren. 5) Regelmäßige Teilnahme an internen/externen Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen. 6) Forschung nach 3 Monaten. 7) Möglichkeit der Praxishospitation im 5. Ausbildungsjahr. Zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie werden Erziehungszeiten und Teilzeitarbeit ermöglicht. Von 2006 bis 2017 nahm sowohl die Anzahl an ärztlichen Vorstellungsgesprächen als auch der ärztlichen Mitarbeiter zu. Alle Ärzte im Untersuchungszeitraum erreichten die Facharztreife, 48% erlangten zusätzlich den FEBO (Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology).

Schlussfolgerung An der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg existiert seit 2006 eine strukturierte Facharztweiterbildung. Diese wird sowohl im Internet als auch deutlich umfangreicher im klinikinternen Qualitätsmanagement-Handbuch dokumentiert. Die ärztlichen Mitarbeiterzahlen steigen über den Untersuchungszeitraum insgesamt an, genauso wie die Zahl der Mitarbeiter mit Facharztreife. Dies kann als Indikator für den Erfolg dieses Weiterbildungsmodells gewertet werden und sichert letztlich eine gute Krankenversorgung und Forschung.
Kataraktoperation bei Menschen im hohen Alter
Authors: Pahor Dusica , Gracner Tomaz
Published: July 2019

Hintergrund In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die Zahl sehr alter Patienten, die eine Kataraktoperation brauchen, erhöht. Jedoch gibt es einen Mangel an Informationen im Zusammenhang mit intraoperativen Komplikationen und der Sicherheit der Kataraktoperation. Eingriffe an Patienten, die 85 Jahre oder älter sind, können aus verschiedenen Gründen eine große Herausforderung darstellen: dichte nukleäre Katarakt, enge Pupille, niedrige Endothelzellzahl, lockere Zonula sowie andere okuläre oder systemische Erkrankungen. Das Ziel unserer retrospektiven Studie war es, vor allem intraoperative Komplikationen während einer Kataraktoperation bei sehr alten Patienten im Vergleich zu einer jüngeren Gruppe zu bewerten und die Pupillengröße und den Reifegrad der Katarakt bei intraoperativen Komplikationen zu vergleichen.

Patienten und Methoden Es wurden medizinische Unterlagen aller 4065 Patienten retrospektiv überprüft, die in unsere Abteilung wegen einer Phakoemulsifikation mit IOL-Implantation und der Anwendung einer kornealen Kleinschnitttechnik im Zeitraum von Januar 2015 bis Januar 2018 aufgenommen wurden. Die Patienten wurden in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt, und zwar in die Gruppe mit Patienten im Alter von 85 oder älter und in die Gruppe mit Patienten unter 85 Jahren. Es wurde die Notwendigkeit einer Pupillendilatation, einer Kapselfärbung und die Häufigkeit der intraoperativen Komplikationen, wie z. B. Kapselriss, Glaskörperverlust und abgestürzte Linse zwischen den beiden Altersgruppen verglichen.

Ergebnisse Von allen 4065 Kataraktoperationen wurden 10,6% (431 von 4065) bei Patienten im Alter von 85 oder älter durchgeführt, 69 Eingriffe (1,7%) wurden an Patienten ab 90 Jahren und 4 Eingriffe (0,1%) wurden an Patienten ab 95 Jahren unternommen. Zwischen der jüngeren und älteren Patientengruppe zeigten sich statistisch signifikante Unterschiede in der Pupillendilatation (4,6 vs. 6,0%), bei der Anwendung eines Kapselspannrings (0,4 vs. 0%) und bei der Kapselfärbung (5,5 vs. 7,0%). Intraoperative Komplikationen (z. B. hintere Kapselrisse) traten bei keinem unserer Patienten ab 85 Jahren oder älter und bei 0,71% bei Patienten unter 85 Jahren auf; bei keinem unserer Patienten in der älteren Gruppe und bei 0,41% der Patienten in der jüngeren Gruppe kam es zu einem Glaskörperverlust.

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Studie bestätigte, dass fortgeschrittenes Alter allein keine Kontraindikation für Kataraktoperation ist und auch nicht mit einer höheren intraoperativen Komplikationsrate während des Eingriffs verbunden ist. Kataraktoperationen an sehr alten Menschen sind meist erfolgreich, jedoch sollten sie früher unternommen werden – vor allem an multimorbiden Patienten und an Demenzkranken – um zu einer besseren psychischen Verfassung beizutragen. Das Alter der Patienten, die sich einer Kataraktoperation unterziehen, spielt keine Rolle.
Neuroprotective Potential of Ginkgo biloba in Retinal Diseases
Authors: Martínez-Solís Isabel , Acero Nuria , Bosch-Morell Francisco , Castillo Encarna , González-Rosende María Eugenia , Muñoz-Mingarro Dolores , Ortega Teresa , Sanahuja María Amparo , Villagrasa Victoria
Published: July 2019

Like other tissues of the central nervous system, the retina is susceptible to damage by oxidative processes that result in several neurodegenerative disease such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, ischaemic retinal disease, retinal disease produced by light oxidation, and detached retina, among other diseases. The use of antioxidant substances is a solution to some health problems caused by oxidative stress, because they regulate redox homeostasis and reduce oxidative stress. This is important for neurodegeneration linked to oxidation processes. In line with this, Ginkgo biloba is a medicinal plant with excellent antioxidant properties whose effects have been demonstrated in several degenerative processes, including retinal diseases associated with neurodegeneration. This review describes the current literature on the role of ginkgo in retinal diseases associated with neurodegeneration. The information leads to the conclusion that G. biloba extracts might be a good option to improve certain neurodegenerative retinal diseases, but more research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of G. biloba in these retinal degenerative processes.
Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial Parts of Phagnalon sordidum L.
Authors: Cherchar Hanene , Faraone Immacolata , DʼAmbola Massimiliano , Sinisgalli Chiara , Dal Piaz Fabrizio , Oliva Patrizia , Kabouche Ahmed , Kabouche Zahia , Milella Luigi , Vassallo Antonio
Published: July 2019

One new natural monoterpene, 5-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxy-p-cymene (1), and 11 known compounds were isolated through a biologically oriented approach from the aerial parts of Phagnalon sordidum L. The most active extract and fractions were selected using 3 complementary antioxidant activity assays. Results and the different methods were compared by relative antioxidant capacity index. In addition, the most active extract of P. sordidum was subjected to liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry to quantify secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract, and purified 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (3) and nebrodenside A (7) were demonstrated by in vitro cell free model assays, and their protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in a HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell line was established.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Organosulfur Compounds using Sulfur
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: July 2019

Sulfur is one of the few elements that occurs uncombined in nature. Sulfur atoms are found in natural amino acids and vitamins. In the chemical industry, organosulfur compounds are used for fabricating rubber, fibers, and dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Although sulfur, which is cheap and easy to handle, is a useful source of sulfur atom in functional organosulfur compounds, it is rarely used in organic synthesis. Activation of sulfur by high temperature, light irradiation, treatment with nucleophiles and electrophiles, and redox conditions often results in the formation of various active sulfur species, which complicate reactions. The development of a method that mildly activates sulfur is therefore desired. The use of transition-metal catalysts is a new method of activating sulfur under mild conditions, and, in this article, we describe the rhodium-catalyzed synthesis of various organosulfur compounds by the insertion of sulfur atoms into single bonds and by the addition of sulfur to unsaturated bond in various organic compounds.

1 Introduction

2 Sulfur Activation without using Transition Metal

3 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Activation of Sulfur

4 Rhodium-Catalyzed Reactions using Sulfur

4.1 Rhodium-Catalyzed Sulfur Atom Exchange Reactions using Sulfur

4.2 Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfides using Rhodium-Catalyzed Exchange Reaction of Aryl Fluorides and Sulfur/Organopolysulfides

4.3 Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Isothiocyanate using Sulfur

4.4 Rhodium-Catalyzed Sulfur Addition Reaction to Alkenes for Thiiranes Synthesis

4.5 Rhodium-Catalyzed Sulfur Addition Reaction to Alkynes for 1,4-Dithiins Synthesis

5 Conclusion