bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(197) Natural Aphrodisiacs Consumption by Male Workers in the Katanga province, DR Congo
Authors: Musa Obadia P , Kalenda Mulaji G , Muta Musambo T , Pyana Kitenge J , Carsi Kuhangana T , Kayembe-Kitenge T , Banza Lubaba Nkulu C , Enzlin P , Nemery B
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In a previous cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of ED among artisanal mineworkers, we found a significant association between aphrodisiacs consumption and erectile dysfunction (Musa et al. under review).

Objective

This study aimed at investigating the main reasons of aphrodisiacs consumption and their possible health effects in male workers in the Katanga province.

Methods

We conducted a mixed method study in which a first quantitative phase (survey) was conducted from March 2021 to May 2021, and included by convenience sampling, 127 artisanal miners and 122 drivers of collective taxis. All participants responded to the IIEF in the first survey. We measured urea, creatinine, sGOT, sGPT, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride in serum. The second qualitative phase (interviews) took place later, and included 16 participants from the first quantitative study, 8 in each group.

Results

Self-reported aphrodisiacs consumption was 1.6 as prevalent among taxi-drivers compared to miners. ED was 1.5 as prevalent among aphrodisiacs' consumers compared to controls. Total cholesterol and LDL were significantly higher in aphrodisiac consumers than in non-consumers. Cultural perceptions about masculinity, support of erectile function and/or prevention of ED were themes that emerged from interviews in both groups. Two most consumed aphrodisiacs including Securidaca longepedunculata and Mitragyna stipulosa were taken with alcohol. No evidence of nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity was found.

Conclusions

In a population with high rate of herbal treatment use, we found a high prevalence of natural aphrodisiac plants that are widely consumed instead of pharmacologically proved synthetic drugs probably due to cultural beliefs. More ethno botanical studies of plants consumed as aphrodisiacs including isolation and rigorous identification of the active constituents are needed to provide the poor population with the right information and to protect them against unwanted toxic effects.

Disclosure

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(198) Harnessing the Power of Tantric Practices: A Revolutionary Path to Enhanced Sexual Well-being and Transformation
Authors: Gentry M
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In recent years, the integration of holistic practices in the field of sexual medicine has gained significant attention. Among these practices, tantra stands out as a revolutionary approach that emphasizes mindfulness, energy cultivation, and connection. This article explores the profound impact of tantric practices on sexual well-being, drawing from a qualitative study involving six individuals who have experienced transformative changes in their lives through the practice of tantra. Their stories provide compelling evidence of the effectiveness of tantra in reducing anxiety, cultivating meaningful relationships, and enhancing overall sexual health.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the therapeutic benefits of tantra as an intervention for emotional regulation, specifically targeting symptoms of anxiety and depression while promoting relaxation and emotional connection. Through qualitative interviews with diverse tantra educators and practitioners, the study sought to understand the observed changes in their personal lives and relationships resulting from tantra mindfulness exercises.

Methods

This qualitative study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore the lived experiences of six tantra educators and practitioners. Interviews were conducted using a structured set of questions to ensure consistency. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to understand the changes observed in participants' lives and relationships as a result of practicing tantra mindfulness exercises. The study also referred to previous research on meditation and neuroplasticity to explore potential neurological changes associated with tantra practices.

Results

The findings of this qualitative study underscore the importance of embracing a multidimensional approach to sexual medicine. By integrating tantric philosophy and techniques into existing frameworks, professionals in the field can provide a holistic and sustainable approach to enhancing sexual well-being. Tantra offers a rich tapestry of practices that go beyond addressing physical symptoms, recognizing the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit in the pursuit of sexual health and fulfillment.

Conclusions

The conclusion summarizes the key research findings, emphasizing the transformative power of tantric practices in enhancing sexual well-being and fostering meaningful relationships. It highlights the potential of tantra to revolutionize the understanding and treatment of sexual concerns in the field of sexual medicine. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of a multidimensional approach to sexual medicine and encourages the incorporation of tantra for a more holistic approach to sexual well-being.

Disclosure

No.
(201) Impact of a Natural Mixture with the Black Chocolate, Chili, Spices in Order to Improve Male Sexual Function
Authors: Drasa K , Bylykbashi E
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The Aztec emperor Montezuma was reported to have drunk up to fifty cups a day of chocolate with chili and spices in it. He had to keep up his stamina to satisfy his many wives. It is thought that the ingredients of this mixture dilates the blood vessels and creates energy and focus.

Objective

Referring to Montezuma, the purpose of this study was to verify whether is enough to drink every night one cup as Montezuma, by ED men making a nice intercourse with their partners’ women, at least once a week.

Methods

101 patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) were enrolled between January 2014 and December 2017. Patients were classified as having mild (47), moderate (38) or severe (16) ED. Mean age was 50.3 years. A cup with black chocolate, chili and spices in it was administered by each patient, every night for 12 weeks. International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) questionnaire was administered pre and post-treatment with all pts. Patients with concomitant medical diseases were excluded.

Results

IIEF-EF scores were significantly improved, with an increase of 79% in the mild ED group, an 83% improvement in the moderate ED group, and an improvement of 67% in the severe ED group compared with the baseline. The mean IIEF-EF scores for all patients showed significant improvement after 12 weeks of treatment (baseline 14.3±1.5 to 26.2 ±3.3; P= 0.01). Among other parameters penile rigidity and tumescence, showed significant improvement for all patients. No, significant side effects.

Conclusions

The black chocolate, chili and spices when mixed together, seem to work in synergy improving erectile function and in patients with ED, too. We reached the goal that nearly all patients performed a nice intercourse, once a week with their partners’ women. This study tell that what they quote about Emperor Montezuma are in fact true.

Disclosure

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(219) Lengthening Phalloplasty: Combined Technique of a Urologist and a Plastic Surgeon
Authors: Helmi A , Merdad T
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Lengthening phalloplasty is an operation that aims at increasing the length of the penile shaft. This procedure has been gaining popularity with different surgical techniques being described and possible suboptimal patient satisfaction rate that can be optimized. The most popular surgical method used for penile lengthening is release of the suspensory ligament. Our technique differs as it involves a combination of urological and plastic surgical steps to achieve the maximum length with the safest optimum outcome.

Objective

We are advocating the above unique modified surgical technique aiming to achieve the desired results with higher satisfaction rate.

Methods

A retrospective study including consecutive male patients presenting for penile lengthening over the last 6years. Patients underwent pre-operative andrology and psychological evaluation. All procedures were performed by the same urologist and plastic surgeon simultaneously. A successful surgical outcome is defined as: achieving a lengthening equal to or more than 2cm.

Results

A total of 82 married male patients were included. The age ranged from 26 to 40 years with a median of 33years. They had normal sexual activity with no psychiatric nor behavioural disturbance. The average pre-operative penile length was: 9.75 cm. the average additional penile lengthening achieved post-operatively was: 3.7 cm. with a range of 2.8 to 4.7 cm. There was no major complications or failure of the procedure observed. One patient suffered from partial wound dehiscence following return to sexual activity two week after surgery. Patients satisfaction with the outcome 6 months following surgery reached 31/32 with a single case of dissatisfaction owing to the residual scar (success rate of 97%).

Conclusions

We have concluded that using our multimodality technique that this type of phalloplasty is a safe procedure with 100% anatomical surgical success rate in achieving the desired length gain and overall patient satisfaction rate of 97% which has not been reported using the standard procedure.

Disclosure

No.
(245) Epididymo-Orchitis as the First Presentation of Brucellosis in an Endemic Area
Authors: El-Bahnasawy M , Alzahrani T , Alanazi M , Albalawi A
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Brucellosis, which is also called Mediterranean or Malta fever, is an endemic enzootic disease and can involve various organ systems. It is commonly endemic in the Mediterranean countries and the Middle East. Epididymo-orchitis is a focal form of human brucellosis. Brucella species cause granulomatous orchitis usually presenting as an acute or chronic unilateral swelling of the testis. Patients rarely present to the clinicians with acute scrotum due to Brucellosis Epididymo-Orchitis (BEO) as an initial finding.

Objective

Our aim is to estimate the prevalence of the BEO among the cases diagnosed with Epididymoorchitis in our hospital over the last four years.

Methods

Retrospective study from 2015–2018 involving all cases diagnosed with Epididymoorchitis in our hospital. A total of 92 cases of Epididymoorchitis were diagnosed during this period. These cases presented to ER complaining of severe unilateral scrotal pain, swelling, fever and sweating. Local examination showed swollen enlarged testis and epididymis with marked tenderness. Brucella serologic test for both B abortus and B melitensis were requested routinely for all cases of epididymo-orchitis. Scrotal Doppler ultrasonographic examination was requested at initial diagnosis and after 2 weeks to exclude abscess formation.

Results

Out of 92 cases, 8 were diagnosed to have brucellosis (8.7%). The median age of patients was 32 years (range, 18–41 years). All patients had positive history of consuming unpasteurized dairy products, which is a risk factor for brucellosis. The diagnosis of brucellosis was made via positive serological testing results (Brucella abortus and melitensis). One case showed testicular abscess formation. All cases were given combination of tetracyclin and rifampicin for 6–12 weeks. Two cases required prolonged hospital stay due to testicular abscess formation in one and development of Brucellosis spondylitis in the other. Gentamycin was added for one week in such cases.

Conclusions

In endemic regions for brucellosis, we have to consider it in the workup of all cases of epididiymo-orchitis. The diagnosis is easy by positive serology tests. Positive cases need special antibiotic combination protocol for longer time and close monitoring for development of local complications or other systemic brucellosis manifestations

Disclosure

No.
(257) Prostate w-point orgasm decrypted W
Authors: Wang Q
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Erectile dysfunction is a common disease, accounting for about 50% of adult males. No matter oral“Viagra” or surgical treatment, there are unsatisfactory, especially in the middle-aged and elderly men, there is no way, there are widowed and disabled groups. Only rely on ejaculation to get pleasure, will lose at least a third of the sex life. Prostate disease accounts for about 25 percent of the sexual dysfunction. Therefore, through the clinical observation of more than 50,000 patients, the author has improved the Prostate massage method and explored the effectiveness of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation not only for prostate diseases, but also for prostate diseases, a new model of male sexual pleasure-the w-spot massage technique-has also been found. 50%, 25%, 5-W.

Objective

To investigate a convenient and effective prostate W-spot orgasm. W.

Methods

200 cases were randomly selected from prostate disease recovered patients aged 40–60 years. They were divided into two groups, an observational one and a control one with a ratio of 1:1, the experimental group used the prostate W-spot massage (massage path resembles the letter W, hence the name) method, the control used the conventional prostate P massage method (P is the initials of Prostate, no specific positioning). After 1 or 2 courses of the treatment, the efficiency was investigated by questionnaires and interviews were conducted to compare the advantages and disadvantages (W and P were substituted throughout the text).200, 40–60, W (W)P (P Prostate) 1–2 (WP).

Results

91% effective rate for W and 73% effective rate for P.W 91% P 73%.

Conclusions

1. W is better than P. 2. A certain duration of W-spot massage can help excrete prostate fluid, prevent or relieve prostatitis, facilitate the recovery of prostate disorders and timely detect the prostate tumors. 3. The W-spot massage path coincides with the intersection of multiple meridian paths in Chinese medicine, especially the Ren and Du meridians which intersect here. Massage can smooth and refresh Blood and Qi according to Chinese medicine theory. 4. Prostate W-spot massage is another way of sexual pleasure for non-heterosexual interpersonal sexual relations men, gay men and those who have erectile dysfunction. It may also be conducive to the rehabilitation of certain erectile dysfunction. The prostate massage path can directly stimulate the ejaculatory ducts, producing an experience similar to that of an ejaculatory orgasm. However, its pleasurable physiological mechanism is unrelated to penile erection or stimulation, thus without an “off period” for prostate orgasm. 1. WP, 2.W, 3. 4.W, 5.W.

Disclosure

No.
(274) BMP2 Restores Erectile Dysfunction Through Neurovascular Regeneration and Fibrosis Reduction in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Kwon M , Choi M , Limanjaya A , Ock J , Yin G N , Jin S , Suh J , Chung D Y , Ryu J
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The odds of erectile dysfunction (ED) are thrice more prevalent in diabetes. Severe peripheral vascular and neural damage in diabetic patients responds poorly to PDE5 inhibitors. However, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is known to be involved in angiogenesis.

Objective

To assess the efficacy of BMP2 stimulating angiogenesis and augmenting nerve regeneration in a mouse model of diabetic-induced erectile dysfunction.

Methods

The induction of diabetes mellitus was done by streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg daily) administered intraperitoneally for five successive days to male C57BL/6 mice that were 8 weeks old. Eight weeks post inductions, animals were allocated to one of five groups: a control group, an STZ-induced diabetic mouse group receiving two intra-cavernous 20 μL PBS injections, or one of three BMP2 groups administered two injections of BMP2 protein (1μg, 5 μg, or 10 μg) diluted in 20 μL of PBS with three days interval between the first and second injection. The erectile functions were assessed two weeks after PBS or BMP2 protein injections by recording the ICP (intracavernous pressure) through cavernous nerve electrical stimulation. Angiogenic activities also nerve regenerating effects of BMP2 were determined in penile tissues, aorta, vena cava, the main pelvic ganglions, the dorsal roots, and from the primary cultured MCECs (mouse cavernous endothelial cells). Moreover, fibrosis-related factors protein expressions were evaluated by western blot.

Results

Erectile function recovery to 81% of the control value in diabetic mice was found with intra-cavernous BMP2 injection (5 μg/20 μL). Pericytes and also endothelial cells were extensively restored. It was confirmed that angiogenesis was promoted in the corpus cavernosum of diabetic mice treated with BMP2 through increased ex vivo sprouting of aortic rings, vena cava and penile tissues, and migration and tube formation of MCECs. BMP2 protein enhanced cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis in MCECs and penile tissues, and promoted neurite outgrowth in major pelvic ganglia and dorsal root ganglia under high-glucose conditions. Furthermore, BMP2 suppressed fibrosis by reducing MCEC fibronectin, collagen 1, and collagen 4 levels under high-glucose conditions.

Conclusions

BMP2 modulates neurovascular regeneration and inhibits fibrosis to revive the mice's erection function in diabetic conditions. Our findings propose that the BMP2 protein represents a novel and promising approach to treating diabetes-related erectile dysfunction (ED).

Disclosure

No.
(279) Quantitative Analyze of Psycho Diagnostic Data in the Diagnosis of Female Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: Marshania Z , Chochnidze N , Injgia M
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Sexual activity is an important aspect of quality of life. It's a fact that mental disorders caused by sexual trauma in past, bullying, strict up bringing, stigmatization, low level of sexual education, playing important role in development of female sexual dysfunctions.

Objective

The aim of our study was to detect how effective is psycho diagnostic examination for timely diagnosis and adequately treatment of women with sexual dysfunctions.

Methods

In our research that was conducted from October 2022 to July 2023, at the Z.Marshania’s sexual medicine center participated 75 women with different sexual dysfunctions. The study was quantitative. We used a correlational analysis to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Independent variables with a p-value < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant with sexual dysfunction. To evaluate psychological characteristics, we took MMPI-1, SSTAI, and Beck Depression Questionnaire.

Results

All our patients had different sexual difficulties. 55% among 75 had psychological problems that were identified before the sexual dysfunction was discovered. The largest correlation (53%) was found between anxiety disorders and Female Orgasmic Disorder (FOD), as well as between depression and Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (FHSDD) which was 34%. It is also worth emphasizing the style of life caused by strict traditional family education, due to which some of the patients had an inadequate perception of sexual life (63%).

Conclusions

The prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women with mental disorders is quite high, therefore, along with the treatment of sexual dysfunctions, it is important to properly evaluate the psychological state that can be performed effectively by psycho-diagnostic examination. Without it, the treatment of sexual dysfunctions among women will not be managed adequately.

Disclosure

No.
(286) Impact of Hormonal Treatment in Patients with Gender Dysphoria in the First Six Months of Treatment
Authors: Fernandes C , Nascimento S , Silva M , Pereira T , Gonçalves M
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Gender dysphoria (GD) is a mismatch of how we feel our identity, male or female, with the biological sex. This incongruity can lead to discomfort and suffering. Prejudice and discrimination may result in additional stress, with impact on quality of life (QV). Hormonal therapy (HT) is an important part of the treatment of patients with GD and can have an impact on sexual life and QV.

Objective

To assess the impact of HT on sexual desire and quality of life in patients with GD throughout the first 3 to 6 months of treatment.

Methods

Longitudinal study of quality of life (QL) and sexual desire (SD), before and 3 to 6 months after starting HT, using the WHO WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, which assesses the physical, psychological, social and environmental domains, of DS (dyadic and solitary) through the Sexual Desire Inventory- 2 (SDI-2) questionnaire and obtaining sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data on patients who came to our consultation with a diagnosis of GD.

Results

52 patients, with a mean age of 25.11 (18–56) years, completed the WHOQOL-BREF and SDI-2 questionnaires. 30 FtM (57.7%) and 22 MtF (42.3%). Almost half 49% (n= 26) had a comorbid psychiatric disorder. In FtM the average total testosterone (TT) increased from 0.320 ng/mL to 7.190 (+/- 2.340) ng/mL and in MtF the average TT increased from 6.86 ng/mL to 0.59 (+/- 41) ng/mL 3 to 6 months after starting HT, without serious side effects. FtM showed a significant increase in DS (p < 0.01), both dyadic and solitary, while MtF showed a non-significant decrease in SD after the start of HT. There was a non-significant improvement in the physical, social relationships and environment domains and a significant improvement in the psychological domain (p < 0.01). In the physical domain, FtM patients showed a significant improvement compared to MtF patients. 20% of patients reduced or stopped psychiatric medication. Despite the negative impact of HT on SD in MtF, there was an improvement in QoL and a reduction in the need for psychiatric medication. In FtM there was a significant improvement in the psychological and physical domain.

Conclusions

HT is safe, improves QoL and reduces the need for psychiatric medication in patients with GD. This improvement was significant in the psychological domain.

Disclosure

No.
Wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 new variants BA.2.86 and offspring JN.1 in South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Wannigama Dhammika Leshan , Amarasiri Mohan , Phattharapornjaroen Phatthranit , Hurst Cameron , Modchang Charin , Chadsuthi Sudarat , Anupong Suparinthon , Miyanaga Kazuhiko , Cui Longzhu , Werawatte W K C P , Ali Hosseini Rad S M , Fernandez Stefan , Huang Angkana T , Vatanaprasan Porames , Saethang Thammakorn , Luk-in Sirirat , Storer Robin James , Ounjai Puey , Tacharoenmuang Ratana , Ragupathi Naveen Kumar Devanga , Kanthawee Phitsanuruk , Cynthia Bernadina , Besa John Jefferson V , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Higgins Paul G , Nanbo Asuka , Kicic Anthony , Singer Andrew C , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Trowsdale Sam , Furukawa Takashi , Sei Kazunari , Sano Daisuke , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Shibuya Kenji , Khatib Aisha , Abe Shuichi , Hongsing Parichart
Published: March 2024

Discover the shifting landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants from October to December 2023, with JN.1 dominating South and Southeast Asia wastewater samples, increasing from <10% to >90%. Experience the dynamic evolution of viral strains in this period.
An Automated Site-Specific Tip Preparation Method for Atom Probe Tomography Using Script-Controlled Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Uzuhashi Jun , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Hono Kazuhiro
Published: March 2024

The automation of the atom probe tomography (APT) tip preparation using a focused ion beam (FIB) with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) dual-beam system will certainly contribute to systematic APT research with higher throughput and reliability. While our previous work established a method to prepare tips with a specified tip curvature and taper angle automatically, by using script-controlled FIB/SEM, the technique has been expanded to automated “site-specific” tip preparation in the current work. The improved procedure can automatically detect not only the tip shape but also the interface position in the tip; thus, the new function allows for control of the tip apex position. In other words, automated “site-specific” tip preparations are possible. The details of the automation procedure and some experimental demonstrations, that is, a Pt cap on Si, InGaN-based MQWs, and a p–n junction of GaAs, are presented.
A Time of Plague: Allegory, Seriality, and Historicity in Samuel R. Delany’s Return to Nevèrÿon
Authors: Jones Keith
Published: March 2024

Among the most prolific and consequential US writers, Samuel R. Delany has published novels and short stories, a magnificent autobiography, various memoirs of social commentary, extraordinary essays of literary theory and criticism, and numerous (written) interviews. However, it is his Nevèrÿon sword and sorcery series (1979-87) that he describes as his most ambitious narrative “experiment.” Occupying Delany for nearly a decade, Nevèrÿon’s singularity as a narrative experiment is not solely achieved in terms of its complex unfolding as a series, with each tale accumulating over four volumes into an astonishing ensemble of stories, images, and worlds. Beyond its unfolding and enfolding of tales and beyond its “play” at the “game” of sword and sorcery central to its fictional experiment is its commitment to the “paraliterary” construction of his text. Refusing the distinctions marked out by “literary” and “non-literary,” Delany uses a serial narrative platform to braid together philosophical discourses and genre elements into a theoretically complex textual ensemble that comes to include both the rupture of AIDS and of an AIDS-like epidemic into the ninth tale of the series, the novella The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals (1985). Referring to it as his “novel of crisis,” Delany weaves New York City and the fictional world of Kolhari into what he calls “a document of our times,” opening sword and sorcery to a baroque discursive and rhetorical flux historiographically aware of itself both as a marginal cultural form and as a document of lives at the margins of a world-historic plague.
A dragon’s flame of many colours: multiwavelength observations of flares from the active M binary CR Draconis
Authors: Jackman James A G , Shkolnik Evgenya L , Loyd R O Parke , Richey-Yowell Tyler , Llama Joe , Boyd David , Buchheim Bob , Iadevaia David , Martin Jack , Sims Forrest , Walker Gary , Wetmore John
Published: March 2024

We present the results of a multiwavelength Professional–Amateur campaign to study the behaviour of flares from the active M1.5V star binary CR Draconis. CR Dra was observed with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) 20-s photometry, Swift near-ultraviolet (NUV) grism spectroscopy and with ground-based optical photometry and spectroscopy from a global collaboration of amateur astronomers. We detected 14 flares with TESS and Swift simultaneously, one of which also had simultaneous ground-based photometry and spectroscopy. We used the simultaneous two-colour optical and NUV observations to characterize the temperature evolution of the flare and test the accuracy of using optical data to predict NUV emission. We measured a peak temperature of $7100^{+150}_{-130}$ K for this flare, cooler than the typically assumed 9000 K blackbody model used by flare studies. We also found that the 9000 K blackbody overestimated the NUV flux for other flares in our sample, which we attributed to our Swift observations occurring during flare decays, highlighting the phase-dependence for the accuracy of flare models.
The effect of cloudy atmospheres on the thermal evolution of warm giant planets from an interior modelling perspective
Authors: Poser A J , Redmer R
Published: March 2024

We are interested in the influence of cloudy atmospheres on the thermal radius evolution of warm exoplanets from an interior modelling perspective. By applying a physically motivated but simple parametrized cloud model, we obtain the atmospheric P–T structure that is connected to the adiabatic interior at the self-consistently calculated radiative–convective boundary. We investigate the impact of cloud gradients, with the possibility of inhibiting superadiabatic clouds. Furthermore, we explore the impact on the radius evolution for a cloud base fixed at a certain pressure versus a subsiding cloud base during the planets’ thermal evolution. We find that deep clouds clearly alter the evolution tracks of warm giants, leading to either slower/faster cooling than in the cloudless case (depending on the cloud model used). When comparing the fixed versus dynamic cloud base during evolution, we see an enhanced behaviour resulting in a faster or slower cooling in the case of the dynamic cloud base. We show that atmospheric models including deep clouds can lead to degeneracy in predicting the bulk metallicity of planets, ZP. For WASP-10b, we find a possible span of $\approx {Z_\mathrm{P}}_{-0.06}^{+0.10}$. For TOI-1268b, it is $\approx {Z_\mathrm{P}}_{-0.05}^{+0.10}$. Further work on cloud properties during the long-term evolution of gas giants is needed to better estimate the influence on the radius evolution.
mock observatory: Two thousand light-cone mock catalogues of luminous red galaxies from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey for the cosmological large-scale analysis
Authors: Ishikawa Shogo , Okumura Teppei , Nishimichi Takahiro
Published: March 2024

Estimating a reliable covariance matrix for correlation functions of galaxies is a crucial task to obtain accurate cosmological constraints from galaxy surveys. We generate 2000 independent light-cone mock luminous red galaxy (LRGs) catalogues at 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 1.25, designed to cover CAMIRA LRGs observed by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Programme (HSC SSP). We first produce full-sky light-cone halo catalogues using a COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA) technique, and then trim them to match the footprints of the HSC SSP S20A Wide layers. The mock LRGs are subsequently populated on to the trimmed halo catalogues according to the halo occupation distribution model constrained by the observed CAMIRA LRGs. The stellar mass (M⋆) is assigned to each LRG by the subhalo abundance-matching technique using the observed stellar-mass functions of CAMIRA LRGs. We evaluate photometric redshifts (photo-z) of mock LRGs by incorporating the photo-z scatter, which is derived from the observed M⋆–photo-z-scatter relations of the CAMIRA LRGs. We validate the constructed full-sky halo and light-cone LRG mock catalogues by comparing their angular clustering statistics (i.e. power spectra and correlation functions) with those measured from the halo catalogues of full N-body simulations and the CAMIRA LRG catalogues from the HSC SSP, respectively. We detect clear signatures of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) from our mock LRGs, whose angular scales are well consistent with theoretical predictions. These results demonstrate that our mock LRGs can be used to evaluate covariance matrices at large scales and provide predictions for the BAO detectability and cosmological constraints.
Understanding and applying gene–environment interactions: a guide for nutrition professionals with an emphasis on integration in African research settings
Authors: Nienaber-Rousseau Cornelie
Published: March 2024

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are influenced by the interplay between genetics and environmental exposures, particularly diet. However, many healthcare professionals, including nutritionists and dietitians, have limited genetic background and, therefore, they may lack understanding of gene–environment interactions (GxEs) studies. Even researchers deeply involved in nutrition studies, but with a focus elsewhere, can struggle to interpret, evaluate, and conduct GxE studies. There is an urgent need to study African populations that bear a heavy burden of NCDs, demonstrate unique genetic variability, and have cultural practices resulting in distinctive environmental exposures compared with Europeans or Americans, who are studied more. Although diverse and rapidly changing environments, as well as the high genetic variability of Africans and difference in linkage disequilibrium (ie, certain gene variants are inherited together more often than expected by chance), provide unparalleled potential to investigate the omics fields, only a small percentage of studies come from Africa. Furthermore, research evidence lags behind the practices of companies offering genetic testing for personalized medicine and nutrition. We need to generate more evidence on GxEs that also considers continental African populations to be able to prevent unethical practices and enable tailored treatments. This review aims to introduce nutrition professionals to genetics terms and valid methods to investigate GxEs and their challenges, and proposes ways to improve quality and reproducibility. The review also provides insight into the potential contributions of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics to the healthcare sphere, addresses direct-to-consumer genetic testing, and concludes by offering insights into the field’s future, including advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Control of root nodule formation ensures sufficient shoot water availability in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Kawade Kensuke , Sugiura Daisuke , Oikawa Akira , Kawaguchi Masayoshi
Published: March 2024

Leguminous plants provide carbon to symbiotic rhizobia in root nodules to fuel the energy-consuming process of nitrogen fixation. The carbon investment pattern from the acquired sources is crucial for shaping the growth regime of the host plants. The autoregulation of nodulation (AON) signaling pathway tightly regulates the number of nodules that form. AON disruption leads to excessive nodule formation and stunted shoot growth. However, the physiological role of AON in adjusting the carbon investment pattern is unknown. Here, we show that AON plays an important role in sustaining shoot water availability, which is essential for promoting carbon investment in shoot growth in Lotus japonicus. We found that AON-defective mutants exhibit substantial accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates, such as sucrose. Consistent with this metabolic signature, resilience against water-deficit stress was enhanced in the shoots of the AON-defective mutants. Furthermore, the water uptake ability was attenuated in the AON-defective mutants, likely due to the increased ratio of nodulation zone, which is covered with hydrophobic surfaces, on the roots. These results increase our physiological understanding of legume–rhizobia symbiosis by revealing a trade-off between root nodule formation and shoot water availability.
Police agencies and civil asset forfeiture: An organizational perspective
Authors: Nowacki Jeffrey S , Olivarez Cassandra , Hagan Alexander , Hogan Michael
Published: March 2024

Many police departments across the United States seize property from community members in a process referred to as civil asset forfeiture. While the use of this practice varies across departments, few studies have examined how police organizational structure may influence how agencies may use this tool. Using data from the 2016 & 2020 waves of the Law Enforcement Management & Administration Survey (LEMAS), we examine how organizational constructs influence whether and how frequently agencies collect asset forfeiture revenue. Findings suggest that a range of organizational and community-policing metrics influence civil asset forfeiture across both waves. Measures of professionalization were related to civil asset forfeiture in 2016, but not 2020.
Skeletal stem cells in bone development, homeostasis, and disease
Authors: Yuan Guixin , Lin Xixi , Liu Ying , Greenblatt Matthew B , Xu Ren
Published: March 2024

Tissue-resident stem cells are essential for development and repair, and in the skeleton, this function is fulfilled by recently identified skeletal stem cells (SSCs). However, recent work has identified that SSCs are not monolithic, with long bones, craniofacial sites, and the spine being formed by distinct stem cells. Recent studies have utilized techniques such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, lineage tracing, and single-cell sequencing to investigate the involvement of SSCs in bone development, homeostasis, and disease. These investigations have allowed researchers to map the lineage commitment trajectory of SSCs in different parts of the body and at different time points. Furthermore, recent studies have shed light on the characteristics of SSCs in both physiological and pathological conditions. This review focuses on discussing the spatiotemporal distribution of SSCs and enhancing our understanding of the diversity and plasticity of SSCs by summarizing recent discoveries.
Winners, Losers, and Voter Confidence in Response to Partisan Electoral Reform
Authors: Hood M V , McKee Seth C
Published: March 2024

In this article, we examine individual- and state-level voter confidence in Georgia from 2020 to 2022—an extremely contentious moment in Georgia politics. For the first time in 28 years, Georgia's electoral votes went to a Democrat, Joe Biden, in 2020. Then, in early January 2021, Democrats won both of Georgia's two U.S. Senate runoffs, giving their party majority control. In the wake of these surprising, historic, and consequential losses, Georgia Republicans’ voter confidence plummeted, and their party responded by passing comprehensive electoral reform in Senate Bill (SB) 202. Using survey data, we tracked voter confidence in Georgia before and after 2020, after passage of SB 202 in 2021, and after the 2022 midterm. Partisans’ voter confidence is greatly affected by the winner/loser effect in election outcomes. Also, SB 202 did boost Republicans’ confidence in Georgia's election system, which, in turn, increased their individual- and state-level voter confidence in the 2022 midterm. In contrast, Georgia Democrats overwhelmingly opposed SB 202; therefore, the bill did not have the same salutary effect on their voter confidence in the 2022 elections.
Nationalism and Conflict: How Do Variations of Nationalism Affect Variations in Domestic and International Conflict?
Authors: Miller Benjamin
Published: March 2024

This article advances a novel theoretical framework for explaining the emergence of international and domestic conflicts, especially in the twenty-first century. I argue that nationalism plays a major role in the rise of these conflicts. Yet, nationalism is not monolithic. I distinguish among five types of nationalism (satisfied; stateless; consolidating; irredentist; populist). The variations in the type of nationalism explain variations in peace and conflict in different parts of the world. The explanation of the variations of types of nationalism, in turn, is based on the combined effect of variations in state capacity (i.e., the functioning of state institutions) and national congruence (i.e., the congruence between national identities and state borders). Variations in these two independent variables account for both civil and international wars as well as for peaceful states and for domestic polarization. Thus, national congruence and high capacity produce satisfied nationalism and a peaceful state. In contrast, national incongruence and low capacity lead to stateless nationalism and, thus, to civil wars in failed states. High capacity and national incongruence, especially external incongruence, produce irredentist nationalism of revisionist states, leading to war-prone interstate conflicts. High capacity and declining congruence generate nationalist populism and societal polarization. Thus, the theory developed here explains the recent rise of nationalist populism (and the related domestic polarization) in quite a few democracies in comparison with other types of nationalism and the conflicts they generate.
Complementarity of sovereign and corporate debt issuance: mind the gap
Authors: Grundy Bruce D , van Bekkum Sjoerd , Verwijmeren Patrick
Published: March 2024

We investigate the relation between sovereign and corporate bond issuance. Sovereign bond issues that increase a country’s maximum maturity are followed by increases in the maximum maturity of corporate issues. Our results point to issuance complementarities based on the benchmarking of corporate bonds to sovereign bonds. Sovereign and corporate bond issues are also substitutes, but substitutability requires the availability of a high-quality sovereign bond benchmark. By adding to existing theories focusing on substitutability, our findings highlight the role that the maturity of sovereign debt plays in capital market development.
Influence of transient emotional episodes on affective and cognitive theory of mind
Authors: Qiao-Tasserit Emilie , Corradi-Dell’Acqua Corrado , Vuilleumier Patrik
Published: March 2024

Our emotions may influence how we interact with others. Previous studies have shown an important role of emotion induction in generating empathic reactions towards others’ affect. However, it remains unclear whether (and to which extent) our own emotions can influence the ability to infer people’s mental states, a process associated with Theory of Mind (ToM) and implicated in the representation of both cognitive (e.g. beliefs and intentions) and affective conditions. We engaged 59 participants in two emotion-induction experiments where they saw joyful, neutral and fearful clips. Subsequently, they were asked to infer other individuals’ joy, fear (affective ToM) or beliefs (cognitive ToM) from verbal scenarios. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that brain activity in the superior temporal gyrus, precuneus and sensorimotor cortices were modulated by the preceding emotional induction, with lower response when the to-be-inferred emotion was incongruent with the one induced in the observer (affective ToM). Instead, we found no effect of emotion induction on the appraisal of people’s beliefs (cognitive ToM). These findings are consistent with embodied accounts of affective ToM, whereby our own emotions alter the engagement of key brain regions for social cognition, depending on the compatibility between one’s own and others’ affect.
Functional Outcomes of Congenital Scoliosis at a Mean 35-Year Follow-up Post In Situ Fusion. Revisiting Patients From the 2002 Goldberg et al Study
Authors: Kelly Martin J. , Alberghina Flavia , McCabe Patrick , Goldberg Caroline J. , Fogarty Esmond E. , Dowling Frank E. , O’Toole Patrick , Noël Jacques , Kiely Patrick J. , Moore David P. , Kennedy James F.
Published: March 2024

Background:

The management of congenital scoliosis poses a significant challenge for treating surgeons. The aim of our study was to provide insight into the long-term clinical results of spinal fusion in congenital scoliosis.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of the scoliosis database in our institution for the period 1976 until 2002 identifying 43 patients with congenital scoliosis who underwent spinal fusion. Patient demographics, diagnosis, levels fused, and radiographs were evaluated. Patients were evaluated for unplanned return to the operating room (UPROR) via SRS 22, EQ5D–5L, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

Results:

Of the 43 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 22 patients agreed to participate, 3 patients were known to be deceased and 18 patients were lost to follow-up or declined to participate and were excluded. The mean age of the respondents was 40.7 years (range, 30 to 47 y) with a mean follow-up from index surgery of 35 years (range, 20 to 44 y). At most recent follow-up, 12 patients (54%) underwent UPROR. The mean age at diagnosis was 3.4 years (range, birth to 11.5 y), and the mean age for first surgery was 5.8 years (range, 1 to 13 y). As regards radiologic follow-up; the mean number of levels fused was 5.2 (range, 2 to 12). Thoracic fusion was performed in 17 patients (77%). The mean T1 to T12 height at index surgery and maturity was 166 mm (range, 130 to 240 mm) and 202 mm (range, 125 to 270 mm), respectively. The mean functional scores at follow-up were SRS 22: 4.5 (range, 2.4 to 5), cumulative EQ5D-5L score 7.2 (range, 5 to 15), and ODI: 8% (range, 2 to 30%). All respondents completed high school, 10 patients (45%) completed university, and 2 patients were awarded doctorates. Currently, 17 patients (77%) are in paid employment.

Conclusions:

This report constitutes the largest series of patients treated by spinal arthrodesis for congenital scoliosis followed into maturity. We demonstrate the thorax continues to grow after index fusion, patient-reported outcomes were satisfactory with superior educational and employment rates and unplanned return to theatre is rare in adult life.

Level of evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV.
The Webspace Toe Fillet Flap: A Variant Fillet Flap for Wound Closure After Asymmetric Amputation of 2 Adjacent Toes
Authors: Yammine Kaissar , Mouawad Joseph , Jamaleddine Youssef
Published: March 2024

Wound closure after toe amputation for dysvascular necrosis of the toes extending proximally to the metatarsophalangeal joint could be challenging. When necrosis asymmetrically involves 2 adjacent toes, the healthy tissue of the partially necrotic toe could be used as a spare part for surgical wound closure after amputation. This paper reports a variant of the toe fillet flap, the webspace toe fillet flap, which could be performed when facing this clinical situation. After the amputation of the totally necrotic toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint level, the necrotic part of the partially necrotic toe is removed while preserving all the proximal healthy soft tissue, including the neurovascular elements. Therefore, closure is achieved using an axial-pattern digital flap rather than a random flap. In some instances, when necrosis is more distal, the proximal phalanx could be preserved and used as a spacer in the webspace that could possibly avoid lateral clawing of the remaining toes. The webspace toe fillet flap could be an excellent solution for wound closure after asymmetric amputation of 2 adjacent toes.

Levels of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
Investigating the Association Between Dynamic Driving Pressure and Mortality in COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Joint Modeling Approach Using Real-Time Continuously-Monitored Ventilation Data
Authors: Tan Daniel J. , Plasek Joseph M. , Hou Peter C. , Baron Rebecca M. , Atkinson Benjamin J. , Zhou Li
Published: March 2024

IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVES:

COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high mortality and often necessitates invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Previous studies on non-COVID-19 ARDS have shown driving pressure to be robustly associated with ICU mortality; however, those studies relied on “static” driving pressure measured periodically and manually. As “continuous” automatically monitored driving pressure is becoming increasingly available and reliable with more advanced mechanical ventilators, we aimed to examine the effect of this “dynamic” driving pressure in COVID-19 ARDS throughout the entire ventilation period.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

This retrospective, observational study cohort study evaluates the association between driving pressure and ICU mortality in patients with concurrent COVID-19 and ARDS using multivariate joint modeling. The study cohort (n = 544) included all adult patients (≥ 18 yr) with COVID-19 ARDS between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2021, on volume-control mode IMV for 12 hours or more in a Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA ICU.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

Of 544 included patients, 171 (31.4%) died in the ICU. Increased dynamic ΔP was associated with increased risk in the hazard of ICU mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.035; 95% credible interval, 1.004–1.069) after adjusting for other relevant dynamic respiratory biomarkers. A significant increase in risk in the hazard of death was found for every hour of exposure to high intensities of driving pressure (≥ 15 cm H2O) (HR 1.002; 95% credible interval 1.001–1.003).

CONCLUSIONS:

Limiting patients’ exposure to high intensities of driving pressure even while under lung-protective ventilation may represent a critical step in improving ICU survival in patients with COVID-19 ARDS. Time-series IMV data could be leveraged to enhance real-time monitoring and decision support to optimize ventilation strategies at the bedside.