bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transboundary marine governance and stakeholder engagement in complex environments and local seas: experiences from the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Papageorgiou Marilena
Published: October 2022

This paper discusses marine governance experiences from the Eastern Mediterranean, an area characterized by great complexities in spatial and governance terms. In particular, the paper examines experiences drawn from two research projects where multi-level and cross-sectoral governance schemes were tested as a side procedure to maritime spatial planning (MSP). The case studies represent highly complex marine environments (with great insularity, extended coastlines, formation of gulfs, etc.), where an unusually high number of national and local stakeholders are involved. Following the lessons learnt, the paper argues that (1) local governments (regions and municipalities) should have a more meaningful involvement in the MSP process that is currently a task mainly addressed by central government, and (2) certain competencies and licensing of marine activities and infrastructure can be transferred to the local governments. This paper also argues that MSP should also be performed at the local scale, where planning has a more regulatory nature and land–sea interactions can be addressed. Useful steps to achieve the above are as follows: (a) establishment of (regional) networks engaging coastal and insular regions and municipalities sharing the same (local) sea in the MSP process, and (b) establishment of local stakeholder networks having the same agendas and priorities at sea. Engaging regional and municipal authorities, as well as local stakeholders in a more fundamental way, is of paramount importance because at this (local) level, citizen science and ocean literacy prevail and can be of great use to the MSP process.
Longitudinal Associations Between Arts Engagement and Flourishing in Young Adults: A Fixed Effects Analysis of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Bone Jessica K. , Bu Feifei , Sonke Jill K. , Fancourt Daisy
Published: October 2022

There is growing evidence on the impact of arts engagement on flourishing. However, social gradients in arts engagement and flourishing may have led to an overestimation of this impact, and there is a lack of longitudinal research in young people. We aimed to test the longitudinal associations between arts engagement and flourishing in emerging adults, accounting for observed and unobserved individual characteristics. We included 3,333 participants aged 18–28 from the Transition into Adulthood Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We measured flourishing across emotional, psychological, and social wellbeing, and frequency of engagement in artistic, musical, or theatrical organized activities, biennially 2005–2019. We analyzed data using fixed effects regression and Arellano-Bond methods to control for bidirectional relationships. Increases in arts engagement were associated with increases in flourishing, before and after adjusting for time-varying confounders. This relationship was driven by enhanced psychological and social wellbeing. After controlling for bidirectionality, increases in arts engagement predicted subsequent improvements in flourishing and social wellbeing. In sensitivity analyses, residential area was a moderator; arts engagement was only associated with increased flourishing in metropolitan (and not non-metropolitan) areas. Increases in arts engagement are associated with enhanced flourishing within individuals, and these associations hold across many subgroups of the population. Those in non-metropolitan areas may have fewer opportunities for arts engagement. Future work must consider how funding can be distributed to ensure that the arts are accessible across communities and geographical areas, providing all young people with opportunities to experience their potential benefits.
Biochar as construction materials for achieving carbon neutrality
Authors: Zhang Yuying , He Mingjing , Wang Lei , Yan Jianhua , Ma Bin , Zhu Xiaohong , Ok Yong Sik , Mechtcherine Viktor , Tsang Daniel C. W.
Published: October 2022

Biochar is a waste-derived material that can sequester carbon at a large scale. The development of low-carbon and sustainable biochar-enhanced construction materials has attracted extensive interest. Biochar, having a porous nature and highly functionalised surface, can provide nucleation sites for chemical reactions and exhibit compatibility with cement, asphalt, and polymer materials. This study critically reviewed the state-of-the-art biochar-enhanced construction materials, including biochar-cement composites, biochar-asphalt composites, biochar-plastic composites, etc. The efficacies and mechanisms of biochar as construction materials were articulated to improve their functional properties. This critical review highlighted the roles of biochar in cement hydration, surface functional groups of engineered biochar for promoting chemical reactions, and value-added merits of biochar-enhanced construction materials (such as humidity regulation, thermal insulation, noise reduction, air/water purification, electromagnetic shielding, and self-sensing). The major properties of biochar are correlated to the features and functionalities of biochar-enhanced construction materials. Further advances in our understanding of biochar’s roles in various composites can foster the next-generation design of carbon–neutral construction materials.

Graphical Abstract
Capture or Empowerment: Governing Citizens and the Environment in the European Renewable Energy Transition
Authors: ANFINSON KELLAN
Published: October 2022

The European renewable energy transition is a leading model for responding to the urgent threat of climate change, which it does by empowering citizens. Drawing on Foucault’s analysis of German neoliberalism, this article argues that despite some measure of empowerment, the economic constraints structuring the transition ultimately disempower citizens, undermining the attainment of environmental goals. Specifically, the transition gives citizens control of their energy while burdening them with entrepreneurial tasks to do so, substitutes economic activity for political citizenship, and shifts the epistemological terrain they take for granted when determining what environmental crises society faces and how best to respond. Understanding the transition as composed of theories for sustainability governance, policies, and practices of implementation, this article analyzes the “energetic society” governance theory, the Clean Energy for all Europeans Package, and the renewable energy organization REScoop.eu.
Coronavirus disease tracheostomy complications: a scoping review
Authors: Rosario E , Ross T , Komorowski M , Tolley N
Published: October 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 increased the numbers of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, with a subsequent increase in tracheostomy procedures. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients are high risk for surgical complications. This review examines open surgical and percutaneous tracheostomy complications in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Methods

Medline and Embase databases were searched (November 2021), and the abstracts of relevant articles were screened. Data were collected regarding tracheostomy technique and complications. Complication rates were compared between percutaneous and open surgical tracheostomy.

Results

Percutaneous tracheostomy was higher risk for bleeding, pneumothorax and false passage. Surgical tracheostomy was higher risk for peri-operative hypoxia. The most common complication for both techniques was post-operative bleeding.

Conclusion

Coronavirus disease 2019 patients undergoing tracheostomy are at higher risk of bleeding and peri-operative hypoxia than non-coronavirus disease patients. High doses of anti-coagulants may partially explain this. Reasons for higher bleeding risk in percutaneous over open surgical technique remain unclear. Further research is required to determine the causes of differences found and to establish mitigating strategies.
The Social Dynamics of Violence and Respect: State, Crime and Church in a Brazilian Favela
Authors: Beraldo Ana
Published: October 2022

Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork carried out in a large favela of Belo Horizonte, this study argues that there are three logics at play when it comes to regulating violence in poor Brazilian urban areas: that of crime, that of the state, and that of religion. These three logics act as normative regimes which, connected by the shared notion of ‘respect’, form symbolical relationships among themselves alternating between dissonance and coordination. This everyday interaction produces a normative triangle that determines which lives are more and which are less valuable and, therefore, the likeliest target of violence.
Global intellectual history in International Relations: Hierarchy, empire, and the case of late colonial Indian international thought
Authors: Bayly Martin J.
Published: October 2022

The Eurocentric critique of the International Relations discipline has brought welcome attention to non-European international thinkers, and anti-colonial or anti-imperial thinkers in particular. Frequently these thinkers and associated movements are rightly described in thematic terms of emancipation, equality, and justice, in opposition to the hierarchical worldview of empires and their acolytes. Notwithstanding the broad validity of this depiction, a purely oppositional picture risks obscuring those aspects of ‘non-European’ international thought that evade simple categorisation. Drawing upon archival material and historical works, this article applies approaches offered by global intellectual history to the works of late colonial Indian international thinkers, exploring the mixed registers of equality and hierarchy, internationalism and imperialism present in their writings. Concentrating on three ‘sites’ connected by the common themes of diaspora and mobility: the plight of Indians overseas in East Africa; the concept of ‘greater India’; and the international political thought of Benoy Kumar Sarkar, the article complicates the internationalism/imperialism divide of the early twentieth century, showing how ostensibly opposed scholarly communities sometimes competed over similar forms of knowledge and ways of ordering the world. This offers a framework by which the contributions of global intellectual history can be applied to the study of international political thought.
Wideband and high-directive reflective metasurface-based Fabry–Pérot cavity antennas
Authors: El-Sewedy Mohamed F. , Abdalla Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

In this work, the use of a configuration of a reflective metasurface (MS) layer is employed to design a highly directive wideband Fabry–Pérot cavity (FPC) antenna. With the use of only one MS layer and along with the achieved high directivity, the antenna's wide bandwidth, and antenna low size/cavity thickness profile are all optimized so that they are still competitive which is the main contribution of our work. The highly reflective MS layer is placed as a superstrate of a low-cost FR4 microstrip patch antenna, as the primary radiator, at a height of half-wavelength cavity condition. Thanks to the employed MS layer, most of the power is transmitted and a very small reflected power to the primary patch. The antenna is designed to serve the 28 GHz band of 5G wireless applications. At 28 GHz, the FPC antenna has a good directivity performance, with a peak simulated directive gain of 15.46 dB and measured directive gain is 14.3 dB which is a 9 dB enhancement in directivity compared to a conventional microstrip patch antenna. The antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of 2.9 GHz which is almost three times the microstrip patch antenna bandwidth. The achieved results are for the same size of FPC antenna whose height is almost half wavelength and its overall size 2.33λ × 2.33λ.
Small Impact of Stratospheric Dynamics and Chemistry on the Surface Temperature of the Last Glacial Maximum in CESM2(WACCM6ma)
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Otto‐Bliesner Bette L. , Garcia Rolando , Brady Esther C. , Mills Mike , Kinnison Douglas , Lamarque Jean‐Francois
Published: October 2022

Stratospheric dynamics and chemistry can impact the tropospheric climate through changing radiatively active atmospheric constituents and stratosphere‐troposphere interactions. The impact of stratospheric dynamics and chemistry on the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate is not well‐studied and remains an uncertain aspect of glacial‐interglacial climate change. Here we perform coupled LGM simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), with a high‐top atmosphere—the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 with a middle atmosphere chemistry mechanism (WACCM6ma). The CESM2(WACCM6ma) LGM simulations show a weaker stratospheric circulation than the preindustrial, 10%–35% less tropospheric ozone and 10%–50% more ozone in the lower stratosphere. These dynamical and chemical changes cause slightly more cooling (<5%) in LGM surface and tropospheric temperatures than parallel simulations using a low‐top atmosphere without active chemistry. Results from our model suggest that stratospheric dynamics and chemistry may have little direct effect on the glacial‐interglacial climate change.
Detecting Changes in Global Extremes Under the GLENS‐SAI Climate Intervention Strategy
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth A. , Hurrell James W. , Sun Lantao
Published: October 2022

As anthropogenic activities continue to drive increases in extreme events, the fundamental solution of reducing greenhouse gas emissions remains elusive. Thus, there is growing interest in stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) to offset some of the most dangerous consequences of climate change. Although global SAI deployment would likely be easy to detect by some metrics, the detectability of SAI on extreme events might be more difficult. We examine this question in climate model simulations of SAI; specifically, the Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Large Ensemble (GLENS‐SAI) scenario. We train a logistic regression model to predict whether a map of global extremes came from climate simulations with or without SAI. The timing of accurate predictions is a quantification of the time required to detect SAI impacts. We find that regional changes in extreme temperature and precipitation under GLENS are robustly detected within 1 and 15 years of initial SAI injection, respectively.
A Statistical Model of Inner Magnetospheric Electron Density: Van Allen Probes Observations
Authors: Lv Jing‐Tian , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , He Fei , Lin Rui‐Lin
Published: October 2022

Based on electron density observations between September 2012 and July 2019 from the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) on board the Van Allen Probes (VAPs) spacecraft, this paper makes a statistical investigation on the distribution of inner magnetospheric electron density in the magnetic equatorial plane (MEP) under different Kp levels, and further develops a new model of inner magnetospheric electron density in the MEP with multi‐parameters (Kp, SYM‐H, Pdyn, F10.7). The statistical results show that the plasmaspheric electron density in the inner magnetosphere in the MEP has an obvious Magnetic Local Time (MLT) distribution characteristic. With the increase of Kp index, the asymmetrical distribution of plasmaspheric electron density in the MEP increases, reaching the maximum value of erosion at MLT = 02:00, and the erosion at MLT = 14:00 is much less than that at MLT = 02:00. The distribution of plasmaspheric electron density in the low L‐value (L is shell parameter) region (L ≤ 2.8) is less affected by the geomagnetic activity than that in the high L‐value region (L ≥ 3.6). Comparison between the model outputs and the VAP's observations indicates that this statistical model could accurately describe the dynamic distribution characteristics of plasmaspheric electron density in the MEP during geomagnetic storms, such as erosion and refilling, and can be applied to space weather forecast.
Nitrate transport velocity data in the global unsaturated zones
Authors: Yang Congyu , Wang Lei , Chen Shengbo , Li Yuanyin , Huang Shuang , Zeng Qinghong , Chen Yanbing
Published: October 2022

Nitrate pollution in groundwater, which is an international problem, threatens human health and the environment. It could take decades for nitrate to transport in the groundwater system. When understanding the impacts of this nitrate legacy on water quality, the nitrate transport velocity (vN) in the unsaturated zone (USZ) is of great significance. Although some local USZ vN data measured or simulated are available, there has been no such a dataset at the global scale. Here, we present a Global-scale unsaturated zone Nitrate transport Velocity dataset (GNV) generated from a Nitrate Time Bomb (NTB) model using global permeability and porosity and global average annual groundwater recharge data. To evaluate GNV, a baseline dataset of USZ vN was created using locally measured data and global lithological data. The results show that 94.50% of GNV match the baseline USZ vN dataset. This dataset will largely contribute to research advancement in the nitrate legacy in the groundwater system, provide evidence for managing nitrate water pollution, and promote international and interdisciplinary collaborations.
Towards an absolute light pollution indicator
Authors: Deverchère Philippe , Vauclair Sébastien , Bosch Gonzague , Moulherat Sylvain , Cornuau Jérémie H.
Published: October 2022

The growing concern about the negative impact of artificial light at night on biodiversity and human health increases the need of defining a general indicator that could be used for characterizing light pollution as well as performing both spatial and temporal comparisons. In this paper, we show that the traditional indicators based on direct numerical measurements of sky brightness suffer from significant limitation due to calibration bias and lack of reproducibility. Furthermore, these measures are most often performed in periods of clear sky. They do not reflect the wide variety of meteorological conditions that can produce highly inhomogeneous levels of light pollution on a given site. To overcome these issues, we propose a statistical indicator called NSB Dispersion Ratio. This indicator is derived from a statistically significant number of individual night sky brightness measurements, under various meteorological conditions. It is independent of any absolute photometer calibration. It only requires on-time precise corrections of the contribution of natural light sources such as the Galactic plane.
Local monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants in two large California counties in 2021
Authors: Kojima Noah , Khorosheva Eugenia , Lopez Lauren , Hanewich-Hollatz Mikhail , Ignacio-Espinoza J. Cesar , Brobeck Matthew , Chen Janet , Geluz Matthew , Hess Victoria , Quasem Sophia , Sandhu Nabjot , Salfati Elias , Shacreaw Maria , Way George , Xie Zhiyi , Slepnev Vladimir , Klausner Jeffrey D.
Published: October 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to persist due to mutations resulting in newer, more infectious variants of concern. We aimed to leverage an ongoing private SARS-CoV-2 testing laboratory’s infrastructure to monitor SARS-CoV-2 variants in two large California counties. Study enrollment was offered to adults aged 18 years or older in Los Angeles County and Riverside County who recently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. A cycle threshold value less than or equal to 30 cycles was considered a positive test for sequencing purposes. Within 5 days of study enrollment, clinician-monitored, self-collected oral fluid and anterior nares swab specimens were obtained from participants. Specimens were transported and stored at 8 °C or cooler. Samples underwent ribonucleic acid extraction, library preparation, and sequencing. SARS-CoV-2 lineages were identified using sequencing data. Participant and genomic data were analyzed using statistical tools and visualized with toolkits. The study was approved by Advarra Institutional Review Board (Pro00053729). From May 27, 2021 to September 9, 2021, 503 individuals were enrolled and underwent specimen collection. Of the 503 participants, 238 (47.3%) participants were women, 329 (63.6%) participants were vaccinated, and 221 (43.9%) participants were of Hispanic or Spanish origin. Of the cohort, 496 (98.6%) participants had symptoms at the time of collection. Among the 503 samples, 443 (88.1%) nasal specimens and 353 (70.2%) oral specimens yielded positive sequencing results. Over our study period, the prevalence of the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 decreased (initially 23.1% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0–0.49%] to 0% [95% CI 0.0–0.0%]) as the prevalence of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 increased (initially 33.3% [95% CI 0.0–100.0%] to 100.0% [95% CI 100.0–100.0%]). A strain that carried mutations of both Delta and Mu was identified. We found that outpatient SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance could be conducted in a timely and accurate manner. The prevalence of different variants changed over time. A higher proportion of nasal specimens yielded results versus oral specimens. Timely and regional outpatient SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance could be used for public health efforts to identify changes in SARS-CoV-2 strain epidemiology.
Intrinsic bitunable magnetism/polarity behavior in 2D Janus Cr2I3Y3 (Y = F, Cl, or Br) systems
Authors: Sun Zhenning , Li Xinru , Li Jianwei , Wei Yadong , Guo Hong , Wang Jian
Published: October 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetoelectric (ME) materials with spontaneous magnetism and polarity have drawn a lot of research interest due to their potentially valuable physics and spintronic applications. One of the obstacles in the current study of 2D ME materials is to achieve flexible magnetism/polarity switches because of a fundamental contradiction between magnetism and polarity. In this work, we propose an intrinsic magnetism/polarity switchable 2D Janus structure Cr2I3Y3 (Y = F, Cl, or Br) with mechanical and thermodynamic stability. Janus Cr2I3Y3 monolayers show indirect-gap semiconductors with ferromagnetic ordering. Intrinsic vertical electric polarity (EP) in Janus Cr2I3Y3 structures is investigated by surface potential difference analysis and dipole calculations. We discover that there is an obvious ME coupling between magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and EP. MAE can be obviously tuned by rotating the orientations of spins within yz and zx vertical planes, and the easily distinguishable MAE on vertical planes has strong inherent relevance with vertical EP. Simultaneously, magnetic phase transition and magnetic moments can be manipulated by introducing vertical strain, which directly corresponds to the linear response of the EP strength. Our work provides a promising candidate for realizing the spintronic devices with multiple functionalities.
Fatigue fracture mechanism of amorphous materials from a density-based coarse-grained model
Authors: Kurotani Yuji , Tanaka Hajime
Published: October 2022

Fatigue fracture is a unique failure mode of materials induced by repeated loading and is crucial for the long-term stability of materials used in cars and aeroplanes. Fatigue is the progressive and localised structural damage of a material subjected to cyclic loading. The minimum strain amplitude that causes such damage is much less than the material’s yield strain under simple loading. This observation leads to a widespread belief that the threshold strain amplitude for fatigue fracture is much smaller than that for monotonic fracture under continuous loading. Here, we study the physical mechanism of the low-cycle fatigue fracture of amorphous solids by considering the complex coupling between density, deformation (velocity), and stress. Contrary to the common belief, we find that the critical strain amplitude, i.e., the onset of irreversible deformation, is the same for fatigue and monotonic fractures. Experimental verification of this prediction is desirable.
A mobile-optimized artificial intelligence system for gestational age and fetal malpresentation assessment
Authors: Gomes Ryan G. , Vwalika Bellington , Lee Chace , Willis Angelica , Sieniek Marcin , Price Joan T. , Chen Christina , Kasaro Margaret P. , Taylor James A. , Stringer Elizabeth M. , McKinney Scott Mayer , Sindano Ntazana , Dahl George E. , Goodnight William , Gilmer Justin , Chi Benjamin H. , Lau Charles , Spitz Terry , Saensuksopa T. , Liu Kris , Tiyasirichokchai Tiya , Wong Jonny , Pilgrim Rory , Uddin Akib , Corrado Greg , Peng Lily , Chou Katherine , Tse Daniel , Stringer Jeffrey S. A. , Shetty Shravya
Published: October 2022

Background

Fetal ultrasound is an important component of antenatal care, but shortage of adequately trained healthcare workers has limited its adoption in low-to-middle-income countries. This study investigated the use of artificial intelligence for fetal ultrasound in under-resourced settings.

Methods

Blind sweep ultrasounds, consisting of six freehand ultrasound sweeps, were collected by sonographers in the USA and Zambia, and novice operators in Zambia. We developed artificial intelligence (AI) models that used blind sweeps to predict gestational age (GA) and fetal malpresentation. AI GA estimates and standard fetal biometry estimates were compared to a previously established ground truth, and evaluated for difference in absolute error. Fetal malpresentation (non-cephalic vs cephalic) was compared to sonographer assessment. On-device AI model run-times were benchmarked on Android mobile phones.

Results

Here we show that GA estimation accuracy of the AI model is non-inferior to standard fetal biometry estimates (error difference −1.4 ± 4.5 days, 95% CI −1.8, −0.9, n = 406). Non-inferiority is maintained when blind sweeps are acquired by novice operators performing only two of six sweep motion types. Fetal malpresentation AUC-ROC is 0.977 (95% CI, 0.949, 1.00, n = 613), sonographers and novices have similar AUC-ROC. Software run-times on mobile phones for both diagnostic models are less than 3 s after completion of a sweep.

Conclusions

The gestational age model is non-inferior to the clinical standard and the fetal malpresentation model has high AUC-ROCs across operators and devices. Our AI models are able to run on-device, without internet connectivity, and provide feedback scores to assist in upleveling the capabilities of lightly trained ultrasound operators in low resource settings.
Early SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and immune responses in unvaccinated participants of an intensely sampled longitudinal surveillance study
Authors: Gunawardana Manjula , Webster Simon , Rivera Sofia , Cortez John M. , Breslin Jessica , Pinales Cristian , Buser Christopher , Ibarrondo F. Javier , Yang Otto O. , Bobardt Michael , Gallay Philippe A. , Adler Amy P. , Ramirez Christina M. , Anton Peter A. , Baum Marc M.
Published: October 2022

Background

A comprehensive understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics and the ensuing host immune responses is needed to explain the pathogenesis as it relates to viral transmission. Knowledge gaps exist surrounding SARS-CoV-2 in vivo kinetics, particularly in the earliest stages after exposure.

Methods

An ongoing, workplace clinical surveillance study was used to intensely sample a small cohort longitudinally. Nine study participants who developed COVID-19 between November, 2020 and March, 2021 were monitored at high temporal resolution for three months in terms of viral loads as well as associated inflammatory biomarker and antibody responses. CD8 + T cells targeting SARS-CoV-2 in blood samples from study participants were evaluated.

Results

Here we show that the resulting datasets, supported by Bayesian modeling, allowed the underlying kinetic processes to be described, yielding a number of unexpected findings. Early viral replication is rapid (median doubling time, 3.1 h), providing a narrow window between exposure and viral shedding, while the clearance phase is slow and heterogeneous. Host immune responses different widely across participants.

Conclusions

Results from our small study give a rare insight into the life-cycle of COVID-19 infection and hold a number of important biological, clinical, and public health implications.
A highly selective chromogenic and fluorogenic chemodosimeter for dual detection of Cu2+ based on a redox-active calix[4]arene with isoxazolylchloroanthracene
Authors: Chang Kai-Chi , Chen Chan-Yu , Hsu Chin-Yun , Lee Li-Wei , Chung Wen-Sheng
Published: October 2022

Calix[4]arene 1 with 25,27-diisoxazolylchloroanthryl groups is a chromogenic and fluorogenic sensor for Cu2+ with a LOD of 1.67 μM by fluorescence. Calix[4]diquinone was obtained in high yield through the redox reaction of ligand 1 with Cu(ClO4)2.
PNO: a promising deep-UV nonlinear optical material with the largest second harmonic generation effect
Authors: Xie Congwei , Tudi Abudukadi , Oganov Artem R.
Published: October 2022

PNO with the largest SHG response in the deep-UV region was discovered by structural prediction methods.
Vanadium-substituted polycationic Al-oxo cluster in a porous ionic crystal exhibiting Lewis acidity
Authors: Zhou Wei , Ogiwara Naoki , Weng Zhewei , Zhao Congcong , Yan Likai , Kikukawa Yuji , Uchida Sayaka
Published: October 2022

A vanadium-substituted polycationic Al-oxo cluster (Al28V4) in an all-inorganic porous ionic crystal exhibits Lewis acidity.
Synthesis of dihydropyrroles from in situ-generated zwitterions via Rh2(adc)4/TBAI dual catalysis
Authors: Xu Huaping , Kong Xiaoyu , Cen Mengjie , Xu Ze-Feng , Duan Shengguo , Li Chuan-Ying
Published: October 2022

A convenient rhodium/iodide dual catalysis strategy for the regioselective synthesis of dihydropyrroles was established.
Pseudo-tricolor typed nanobelts and arrays simultaneously endowed with conductive anisotropy, magnetism and white fluorescence
Authors: Yang Liu , Shao Hong , Hong Feng , Qi Haina , Xie Yunrui , Yu Wensheng , Dong Xiangting , Li Dan , Ma Qianli , Liu Guixia
Published: October 2022

Pseudo-tricolor typed nanobelts and arrays endowed with concurrent strong conductive anisotropy, tuned magnetism and white fluorescence are designed and constructed.
Modulation of the kinetics of outer-sphere electron transfer at graphene by a metal substrate
Authors: Pavlov Sergey V. , Kozhevnikova Yekaterina O. , Kislenko Vitaliy A. , Kislenko Sergey A.
Published: October 2022

We theoretically predicted the metal-dependent kinetics of nonadiabatic electron transfer at the metal/graphene/electrolyte interface.
Curcumin-based ionic Pt(ii) complexes: antioxidant and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Caligiuri Rossella , Di Maio Giuseppe , Godbert Nicolas , Scarpelli Francesca , Candreva Angela , Rimoldi Isabella , Facchetti Giorgio , Lupo Maria Giovanna , Sicilia Emilia , Mazzone Gloria , Ponte Fortuna , Romeo Isabella , La Deda Massimo , Crispini Alessandra , De Rose Renata , Aiello Iolinda
Published: October 2022

Four new Pt(ii) ionic complexes assembled from N-donor ligands and curcumin display interesting antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Synthesis of core–shell nanoparticles based on interfacial energy transfer for red emission and highly sensitive temperature sensing
Authors: Yin Xiumei , Xiao Qi , Lv Lin , Wu Xingyu , Zhao Ziyi , He Jianshan , Dong Xinyao , Tian Ying , Luo Xixian
Published: October 2022

Highly efficient red up-conversion luminescence is achieved by constructing a core–shell structure of NaYF4:Er3+,Tm3+@NaYF4:Yb3+based on the interfacial energy transfer process.
Improving methanol assimilation in Yarrowia lipolytica via systematic metabolic engineering combined with compartmentalization
Authors: Zhang Shangjie , Guo Feng , Yang Qiao , Jiang Yujia , Yang Shihui , Ma Jiangfeng , Xin Fengxue , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Kondo Akihiko , Zhang Wenming , Jiang Min
Published: October 2022

Synthetic methylotrophic Yarrowia lipolytica was constructed to convert methanol into biomass components and succinic acid.
Capturing the spatial and temporal dynamics of tumor stroma for on-chip optimization of microenvironmental targeting nanomedicine
Authors: Imparato Giorgia , Urciuolo Francesco , Mazio Claudia , Netti Paolo A.
Published: October 2022

Reliable tumor-on-chip platforms for nanomedicine testing need to capture the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumors by hosting advanced 3D bioengineered tissues able reproduce the complexity of tumor microenvironment.
Design and synthesis of atorvastatin derivatives with enhanced water solubility, hepatoselectivity and stability
Authors: Maklakova Svetlana Yu. , Lopukhov Anton V. , Khudyakov Alexandr D. , Kovalev Sergey V. , Mazhuga Maria P. , Chepikova Olga E. , Zamyatnin Andrey A. , Majouga Alexander G. , Klyachko Natalia L. , Beloglazkina Elena K.
Published: October 2022

Atorvastatin conjugates targeting the galactose-specific hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor with improved stability are reported.
Ordered mesoporous TiO2/SBA-15 confined CexWy catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO using NH3
Authors: Mu Yibo , Huang Xiaosheng , Tang Zhicheng , Wang Qingchun
Published: October 2022

The ordered mesoporous structure could improve the dispersion of nanoparticles, promote effective collision, and enhance redox capacity and surface acidity.
Gender differences in high school students’ perceived values and costs of learning chemistry
Authors: Gong Xiaoyang , Bergey Bradley W. , Jin Ying , Mao Kexin , Cheng Yan
Published: October 2022

Students’ perceived values and costs of learning chemistry influence their performance and intentions of choosing chemistry-related majors or careers. Based on Situated Expectancy-Value Theory, this study adopted a mixed method approach to examine the conceptualization of values and costs among Chinese high school students and identify their relations with chemistry test performance across gender. Qualitative content analyses revealed that students’ perceived values for chemistry could be categorized into five broad categories: utility value, epistemic value, intrinsic value, aesthetic value, and social value. Chi-square tests and multidimensional scaling revealed that boys and girls perceived values and costs in different ways: relational utility value was more salient to boys while practical utility value and epistemic value were more salient to girls; Girls perceived greater distinctions among different types of values (i.e., epistemic- and emotional-related values) and costs (i.e., emotional and ego cost) than boys. Independent t tests showed that boys reported mostly higher values and lower costs than girls. Hierarchical multiple regression found that gender, intrinsic value, social value and cost significantly predicted students’ chemistry exam scores. In addition, the interaction between gender and social value was identified. This study highlights the complexity of perceived values and costs of learning chemistry and provide implications for developing activities or interventions that foster student engagement in chemistry learning.
Correction: Rationally designed 1D Ag@AgVO3 nanowire/graphene/protonated g-C3N4 nanosheet heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalysis via electrostatic self-assembly and photochemical reduction methods
Authors: Zhang Shouwei , Li Jiaxing , Wang Xiangke , Huang Yongshun , Zeng Meiyi , Xu Jinzhang
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Rationally designed 1D Ag@AgVO3 nanowire/graphene/protonated g-C3N4 nanosheet heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalysis via electrostatic self-assembly and photochemical reduction methods’ by Shouwei Zhang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 10119–10126, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA00635J.
Sociologie des transidentités
Authors: Alessandrin Arnaud
Published: October 2022

La sociologie des transidentités permet de déplacer le regard médical sur les parcours et les identités trans. Au-delà des enjeux psychiatriques ou chirurgicaux, il s’agira d’analyser le glissement des représentations et des prises en compte sociales des transidentités en France, à travers une histoire sociale de la santé transgenre, une sociologie des expériences discriminatoires transphobes ou bien encore les transformations majeures des revendications trans actuellement en cours.
Complications of Peripheral Arterial Access in Preterm and Term Neonates: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ma Yangmyung , Salem Ahmed , Jester Andrea
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive review of vascular complications secondary to peripheral arterial catheterization in preterm and term neonates. The systematic review consisted of searching PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and references of journals using pre-trialed MeSH terms and articles. Eight studies were included for full text analysis from 2,369 initial articles: six retrospective reviews and two prospective studies. Rate of complication was 8.6% and all complications were ischemic in nature. Complications most often occurred in neonates with pulmonary/cardiac comorbidities and lower gestational ages. No association was found for weight and sex of neonates. The radial artery site presented with lower rates of complication of 6% and the femoral presented with the highest (16%). Complications predominately occurred in catheter sizes larger than 22 gauge and most often within 1 day of insertion. A low rate of complications (7.4%) was observed in studies that used heparinized saline at the time of catheterization. This study demonstrates an increasing overall rate of complications with ischemia presenting as the most common complication. There seems to be an association between gestational age, comorbidities, site of catheter, size of catheter, and duration of catheter with such complications. This study also demonstrates the association between the use of heparinized saline and a reduction in rate of complications. The authors advocate for a national data collection tool of all pediatric arterial catheters and its complications to be able to analyze and work on best practice to minimize life changing iatrogenic complications.
Fluid Overload in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Sallee Colin J. , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Smith Lincoln S. , Angelo Joseph R. , Daniel Megan C. , Gertz Shira J. , Hsing Deyin D. , Mahadeo Kris M. , McArthur Jennifer A. , Rowan Courtney M. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between fluid overload (FO) and severity of respiratory dysfunction in children posthematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). This investigation was a secondary analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort of children (1month to 21 years) postallogeneic HCT with PARDS receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) from 2009 to 2014. Daily FO % (FO%) and daily oxygenation index (OI) were calculated for each patient up to the first week of IMV (day 0 = intubation). Linear mixed-effect regression was employed to examine whether FO% and OI were associated on any day during the study period. In total, 158 patients were included. Severe PARDS represented 63% of the cohort and had higher mortality (78 vs. 42%, p <0.001), fewer ventilator free days at 28 (0 [IQR: 0–0] vs. 14 [IQR: 0–23], p <0.001), and 60 days (0 [IQR: 0–27] v. 45 [IQR: 0–55], p <0.001) relative to nonsevere PARDS. Increasing FO% was strongly associated with higher OI (p <0.001). For children with 10% FO, OI was higher by nearly 5 points (adjusted β, 4.6, 95% CI: [2.9, 6.3]). In subgroup analyses, the association between FO% and OI was strongest among severe PARDS (p <0.001) and during the first 3 days elapsed from intubation (p <0.001). FO% was associated with lower PaO2/FiO2 (adjusted β, −1.92, 95% CI: [−3.11, −0.73], p = 0.002), but not mean airway pressure (p = 0.746). In a multicenter cohort of children post-HCT with PARDS, FO was independently associated with oxygenation impairment. The associations were strongest among children with severe PARDS and early in the course of IMV.
Identifying causes of complications in aortic stent graft surgery
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: October 2022

Simulations based on patient images identify biomechanical predictors of distal stent graft-induced new entry, a complication of aortic dissection surgery.
Scanning thermal microscopy and its applications for quantitative thermal measurements
Authors: Bodzenta Jerzy , Kaźmierczak-Bałata Anna
Published: October 2022

For more than 30 years, scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) has been used for thermal imaging and quantitative thermal measurements. It has proven its usefulness for investigations of the thermal transport in nanoscale devices and structures. However, because of the complexity of the heat transport phenomena, a quantitative analysis of the experimental results remains a non-trivial task. This paper shows the SThM state-of-art, beginning with the equipment and methodology of the measurements, through its theoretical background and ending with selected examples of its applications. Every section concludes with considerations on the future development of the experimental technique. Nowadays, SThM has passed from its childhood into maturity from the development stage to its effective practical use in materials research.
A dual-axis high-order harmonic and single-axis phase-insensitive demodulation atomic magnetometer for in situ NMR detection of Xe
Authors: Luo Wenhao , Zhang Hong , Liu Yan , Wei Xiaogang , Zhang Xiaonan , Wang Yanhua , Yang Renfu
Published: October 2022

Based on the parametric oscillation process, we demonstrate the dual-axis phase-sensitive demodulation (PSD) and single-axis phase-insensitive demodulation (PISD) for the atomic magnetometer in an in situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection system, which can separate the precession signals of NMR from the oscillating magnetic fields. The two orthogonal magnetic fields can be detected simultaneously and independently by selecting the optimal demodulation phases with the traditional PSD method. The response signals of the parametric modulation magnetometer demodulated with high order harmonic signals are evaluated, which is a new exploration. The first order harmonic demodulation can present the best sensitivity about 250 fT/Hz1/2. The high order harmonic demodulation technology supplies a twofold 3 dB bandwidth. With the PISD method, a single-axis demodulation technique is proposed. The transverse nuclear spin precession magnetic fields can be extracted effectively with the demodulation R signal outputs by setting a specific longitudinal modulation magnetic field amplitude, which is a new demodulation strategy compared with the traditional demodulation method for the NMR system.
An integrated polymer/electrode interface for high performance ceramic/polymer electrolyte-based solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Yan Tingfang , Han Songyi , Wu Xiaomeng , Jia Di , Chen Yuhua , Tian Wensheng , Wu Yongmin , Zhu Lei , Tang Weiping
Published: October 2022

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are an ideal next-generation energy storage system due to their safety and high energy density. However, many interfacial problems, such as high interfacial resistance and poor compatibility between electrodes and electrolytes, limit the development of SSBs. In this study, an ultrathin interfacial layer composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and ethylene carbonate (EC) are in situ fabricated on the surface of electrodes, integrating ceramic/polymer composite electrolyte and electrodes and reducing the interfacial impedance. Meanwhile, the excellent chemical compatibility between PEO and lithium metal effectively improves the interfacial stability. Also, the modification of the interfacial layer leads to more F- participation in the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and the relative content of LiF, Li3N, and other by-products increases, which facilitates the formation of dense and stable SEI, thus inhibiting the growth of dendritic lithium and improving the ionic conductivity. With the interfacial layer, a highly stable interface against Li is maintained for more than 1400 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2. A solid-state battery with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) as the cathode delivers a capacity of 153.4 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 92.1% after 100 cycles. This study shows that the interfacial layer PEO-EC is an effective way to improve the performance of SSBs.
High mobility of (111)-oriented large-domain (>100 μm) poly-InSb on glass by rapid-thermal crystallization of sputter-deposited films
Authors: Kajiwara Takashi , Shimoda Otokichi , Okada Tatsuya , Koswaththage Charith Jayanada , Noguchi Takashi , Sadoh Taizoh
Published: October 2022

Rapid-thermal annealing (RTA) of InSb precursor films, deposited by sputtering using an Ar plasma at room temperature, has been investigated to achieve high carrier mobility on low-cost glass substrates. Although InSb films containing residual Ar (∼1%) were partially lost by evaporation during RTA, such evaporation during RTA is suppressed by reducing the residual Ar to ∼0.3%. The crystallinity of the films is significantly increased by RTA at temperatures above 400 °C. The electron mobilities of the films increase with increasing RTA temperature up to 490 °C, showing the maximum values (9000–10 000 cm2 V−1 s−1) at 490 °C, and then, the mobilities decrease at RTA temperatures above 490 °C. The mobilities of 9000–10 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 are obtained for films with a wide range of thickness (300–1000 nm) grown at 490 °C. Detailed analysis indicated that the high carrier mobilities are realized by preferentially (111)-oriented large crystal domains (diameter: >100 μm), obtained by the regrowth of randomly oriented small grains, together with a low barrier height (16 meV) at the sub-domain boundaries (twin boundaries) in the large domains. The RTA after the sputtering technique will facilitate high-performance InSb-based devices with low production costs.
Order of magnitude reduction in Joule heating of single molecular junctions between graphene electrodes
Authors: Li Gen , Hu Bing-Zhong , Mao Wen-Hao , Yang Nuo , Lü Jing-Tao
Published: October 2022

Maintaining stability of single-molecular junctions (SMJs) in the presence of current flow is a prerequisite for their potential device applications. However, theoretical understanding of nonequilibrium heat transport in current-carrying SMJs is a challenging problem due to the different kinds of nonlinear interactions involved, including electron–vibration and anharmonic vibrational coupling. Here, we overcome this challenge by accelerating Langevin-type current-induced molecular dynamics using machine-learning potential derived from density functional theory. We show that SMJs with graphene electrodes generate an order of magnitude less heating than those with gold electrodes. This is rooted in the better phonon spectral overlap of graphene with molecular vibrations, rendering harmonic phonon heat transport being dominant. In contrast, in a spectrally mismatched junction with gold electrodes, anharmonic coupling becomes important to transport heat away from the molecule to surrounding electrodes. Our work paves the way for studying current-induced heat transport and energy redistribution in realistic SMJs.