bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Temperature in the Punjab Province, Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Sohail , Shirazi Safdar Ali , Mazhar Nausheen , Mahmood Kashif , Khan Ashfak Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Identifying the temperature change at a regional level is one of the essential parameters to determine the intensity of climate change. The current investigation provides an examination of changing trends of temperature in the Punjab province from 1970 to 2019. Sen's slope estimator method is applied to monthly data of mean temperature (Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) to calculate the rate of temperature change. Statistical methods were used to find out the level of significance in terms of negative or positive trends to examine the variability among various weather observatories. Moreover, predicted values have also been observed for a detailed analysis of temperature variability and trends. Significant and pronounced changes in the mean temperature (T mean) are distinguished all over the Punjab regions with an increasing trend from North to South Punjab. In the case of maximum temperature (Tmax), a faster rate of rising in temperature is observed over the Southern and Western regions of Punjab. In contrast, the minimum temperature (Tmin) shows an increasing trend in Central Punjab. The findings provide detailed insight to policymakers for the planning of mitigating efforts and adaptation strategies in response to climate change.
On certain aspects of compulsory measures of educational influence on minors
Authors:   Academy of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, RAKHMAEV E.S. , POTAPOV A.M. ,   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia
Published: June 2021

The humanization of criminal and penal policy at the present stage is especially clearly manifested in relation to minors, in particular, when they are released from criminal liability through the use of compulsory educational measures. The article examines the history of the formation of the analyzed legal institution, the step-by-step process of its development, draws conclusions about the current state, the number and content of educational measures, provides statistical data on their application, reveals the problems existing in this area. In particular there is an insignificant share of the use of educational measures by the courts, while maintaining a high proportion of juvenile crimes of small and medium gravity. It is stated that the existing judicial practice is due to the presence of gaps in the criminal legal regulation of the use of measures of educational influence, and their implementation is associated with the shortcomings of the legislation that determines the state policy in relation to children and adolescents. On the basis of an analysis of existing problems as well as an assessment of foreign experience in applying similar measures to minors options for their solution are proposed related to the adoption of certain regulatory legal acts or amendments to existing ones that determine the mechanism for implementing measures of educational influence; creation of a state body with appropriate competence; the expansion of the participation of public organizations in the context of the reduction of special educational institutions of a closed type.
Some features of work with traces of crimes committed with using unmanned aerial vehicles in the territories of correctional institutions
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, ALEKSANDROVA E.G.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to such an investigative action as an inspection of the scene of the incident as part of the investigation of crimes committed when using unmanned aerial vehicles in the territories of correctional institutions. The necessity of attracting specialists from various fields of science, technology and craft is substantiated in order to identify a larger number of traces and prevent their loss. The list of objects and traces that can potentially be found during the inspection of the scene is presented. An algorithm for conducting an inspection of the scene is given taking into account the specifics of the commission of a crime using an unmanned aerial device. Effective ways of preserving traces for the subsequent appointment of forensic enquiries are proposed
Analisis Kejadian Medication Error Resep Pasien Rawat Jalan Di Rumah Sakit X Cilacap
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Nuur Rochmah Nikmah , Pertiwi Yuniariana
Published: June 2021

Kesalahan pengobatan merupakan suatu indikasi tingkat pencapaian keselamatan pasien khususnya terhadap tujuan medikasi yang aman. Medication error banyak terjadi dirumah sakit yang umumnya terjadi pada pengolahan dalam peresepan (prescribing), pembacaan resep (transcribing), penyiapan resep (dispensing), dan administrasi pengobatan (administration). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kejadian medication error pada tahap prescribing, transcribing, dispensing dan administration pada pasien rawat jalan di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X Cilacap. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik non-eksperimental terhadap data resep pasien rawat jalan yang ada di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X Cilacap. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara purposive sampling pada bulan Maret 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa medication error yang terjadi di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X Cilacap pada tahap prescribing sebesar 30,46%, transcribing sebesar 11,50%, dispensing sebesar 25,00%, dan administration sebesar 1,28%.
La communication à base d’un texte littéraire
Authors: Haroutyunian Amélie
Published: June 2021

This handbook is intended for senior students of the universities, who study French as a main language. It assumes a higher than average level of knowledge of French and is designed to help to improve the knowledge of French at the universities.
RESPONSABILIDADE MÉDICA: O SENTIDO AMPLO DE SUA EXISTÊNCIA
Authors: Bernardo Henrique , Seba Maria Clara , de Lima Julia , Miziara Nathalia , Miziara Carmen , Miziara Ivan
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi mostrar os aspectos centrais relacionados a responsabilidade médica. Para atingir esse propósito, foi feita uma revisão narrativa de literatura. Resultados: o paciente sempre deve ser o centro da atenção do médico, o que caracteriza uma medicina humanizada. Não é possível discorrer sobre humanismo sem seguir à risca os princípios éticos da profissão. Entretanto, a responsabilidade médica é abrangente e compreende, além das questões éticas, as questões legais. A ação de conduta culpável (negligência, imprudência e falta de habilidade) causa danos ao paciente e, se houver uma conexão entre esses dois aspectos, configura-se responsabilidade médica e é passível de culpa. Portanto, toda ação médica requer diligência, cuidado e habilidade. A lei requer que todos profissionais da saúde tenham conhecimento e a habilidade próprios da profissão médica. O médico não é responsável por qualquer erro, desde que faça o que lhe pareça melhor após um exame cuidadoso. Logo, o bom resultado não é uma garantia.
The anticorruption compliance programs and the Brazilian regulatory reality today
Authors: TUSSOLINI IURY GABRIEL AMAZONAS , TUSSOLINI GABRIELLE RODRIGUES , MESQUITA GABRIELLA FONSECA DE JESUS , DE LIMA DAYENE BUENO CRUVINEL , FONSECA HIAGO BRUNO CARDOSO COSTA , ROCHA JUNIOR MARIO TERCIO , LIMA RENAN SOUSA SERRA , TUSSOLINI JOAO FRANCISCO
Published: June 2021

March 2021, a 12-month-old infant was brought to the HPS East Zone Little Jonh, in the capital of the State of Amazonas, Brazil, where she was admitted with fever, vomiting, intense prostration, little acceptance of breast milk, difficulty in walking, associated with left-facing strabismus and neck stiffness. At admission, the main author performed a lumbar puncture, and serological tests on the CSF to identify the causative agent were referred to a reference laboratory, which suggested that they be referred to the Central Laboratory - LACEN for suspecting the presence of agent Angionsytrongylis Canyonensis. Although, the identification of the causative agent is difficult to be detected and confirmed, this case report shows us the importance of the clinical laboratory in the identification of Eosinophilic Meningitis. The sub-detection of eosinophils in the CSF helps to underestimate the prevalence of eosinophilic meningitis. Thus, CSF analysis, slide preparation, sediment staining, as well as knowledge about the importance of adequate leukocyte differentiation in CSF are extremely important, to properly conduct the final diagnosis of the disease and prevent possible endemicity. The knowledge of this condition and early detection allows an effective therapy and improvement of public health actions. ? ?,
Comportamentos de bullying em jovens praticantes de desporto (Bullying behaviours in young athletes)
Authors: Marracho Philippe , Coelho Eduarda Maria Rocha Teles de Castro , Nery Miguel Venda da Graça , Pereira Antonino Manuel Almeida
Published: June 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a natureza dos comportamentos de bullying de atletas do desporto federado na Região Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. Através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas foram inquiridos 13 atletas do desporto federado. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados sugerem que existem ocorrência de comportamentos de bullying no desporto. Os inqueridos caracterizam o conceito de bullying como comportamentos de gozo, violência física e brincadeira, considerando os tipos de bullying mais usuais, o bullying verbal e o bullying físico. Os locais mais propícios à ocorrência de episódios de bullying são os balneários, o treino e a prática desportiva, que ocorrem pela falta de vigilância de adultos e agressividade entre pares. Os atletas referem que o treinador tem um papel importante na diminuição de comportamentos de bullying no desporto. Os atletas referiram que o bullying deve ser um tema crucial nas investigações científicas, bem como, em programas de prevenção e intervenção no contexto desportivo e contexto escolar, com a finalidade de sensibilizar a sociedade para esta temática.
Abstract. The aim of the paper was to describe the nature of bullying behaviours among federated sport athletes in the Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro region, Portugal. Thirteen federated sports athletes were interviewed, using semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using the content analysis technique. The results suggest that bullying behaviours occur in sport. The respondents characterized bullying as behaviours of mockery, play and physical violence. They also identified the most common types of bullying as verbal and physical. The most likely places for bullying episodes to occur are changing rooms, training and games, due to the lack of adult supervision and aggressiveness between peers. Athletes reported that the coach has an important role in reducing bullying behaviours in sport. The athletes mentioned that bullying should be the object of scientific investigation, as well as in prevention and intervention programs both in sport and school contexts, in order to increase awareness on this issue.
Radiotherapy Induced Middle Ear Morbidities in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Chakraborty Adity , Bhattacharjee Abhinandan , Purakaystha Arnab , Rathor Aakanksha , Mazumdar Ridip
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Although post radiotherapy (RT) otological complications are complex and common, there is lack of data on its severity and spectrum. We intend to assess the incidence and severity of such ototoxicities in head neck cancer (HNCA) patients. 
Materials and Methods
One year prospective study was conducted on thirty cases of HNCA receiving radiotherapy. Audiometry and tympanometry changes were noted and severity is assessed using Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) -v2.0 of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Fisher's Exact Test with two-sided p value was used for comparison of the tympanometric changes.
Results
The mean age was 55.4 years. The commonest site of HNCA was oral cavity (30%) with  46.6 % in stage II. 40% of cases were in grade II, followed by 27% cases in Grade III. The commonest complaint was pain (86.6%), hearing loss (80%) and 40% post-RT cases reporting Type B curve (relative risk 0.67).
Conclusion
Post-irradiation pain and OME are a major concern in HNCA patients having grade II (NCI-CTC). Early detection and prophylactic measures will improve the quality of life in such group of patients.  This result validates the need for formulating otological diagnostic strategy & therapeutic measures in patients receiving RT to mitigate post-irradiation ototoxicities.
Sikap dan Motivasi Pelajar Terhadap Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Iban
Authors: Kunyo Rosita , Yasin Ruhizan Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) telah menjadi keutamaan dalam pembelajaran masa kini khususnya dalam penyoalan dalam pengajaran dan peperiksaan. Bahasa Iban pula merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang mengangkat bahasa ibunda sebagai bahasa ilmiah. Namun, penguasaan KBAT pelajar dalam Bahasa Iban masih berada pada tahap yang lemah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti sikap pelajar terhadap KBAT dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Iban berdasarkan faktor jantina, bangsa dan sekolah serta hubungannya dengan motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Seramai 240 orang pelajar dari empat buah sekolah menengah di daerah Simunjan, Sarawak telah terlibat sebagai responden. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif di mana satu set soal selidik digunakan untuk mendapatkan data kajian yang kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan sikap pelajar lelaki dan pelajar perempuan terhadap KBAT dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Iban. Keputusan ujian ANOVA sikap pelajar berdasarkan kaum juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan skor min sikap pelajar terhadap KBAT dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Iban berdasarkan kaum mereka. Dari aspek sekolah juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan skor min sikap pelajar terhadap KBAT dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Iban berdasarkan faktor sekolah yang mereka wakili. Keputusan ujian Korelasi pula menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik dengan sikap pelajar terhadap KBAT dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Iban. Berdasarkan dapatan kajian, dapatlah dirumuskan bahawa sikap dan motivasi terhadap KBAT perlu diterapkan agar pelajar dapat mengoptimumkan penggunaan minda sekali gus mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran dalam kehidupan.
Kelancaran Peralihan Kuasa Politik di Malaysia pada Pilihan Raya Umum Ke-14 (PRU-14)
Authors: Mohd Dzaki Mohd Zamirul Bin
Published: June 2021

Pilihan Raya Umum ke-14 (PRU-14) yang berlangsung pada 9 Mei 2018 merupakan satu detik peting dalam sejarah politik Malaysia. Barisan Nasional (BN) yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai Parti Perikatan merupakan parti tunggal yang memenangi pilihan raya umum semenjak tahun 1955 telah kalah buat pertama kalinya kepada Pakatan Harapan (PH) dalam PRU-14 pada 9 Mei 2018. Penulisan ini ingin melihat berkenaan situasi peralihan kuasa politik yang berlaku dengan aman tanpa sebarang kekacauan. Dalam kebanyakan negara dunia ketiga, sering berlaku keganasan dan rusuhan setiap kali berlakunya peralihan kuasa. Namun situasi ini tidak berlaku di Malaysia. Dalam situasi pilihan raya umum di Malaysia yang telah dijalankan sebanyak empat belas kali, hanya satu sahaja keputusan pilihan raya umum yang mengundang konflik iaitu pada tahun 1969 (Muhamad Nadzri & Nidzam, 2018). Namun, pada PRU-14 kuasa BN bukan hanya tergugat tetapi mereka hilang kedudukan sebagai kerajaan. Walaupun begitu tindak balas masyarakat dan penyokong parti-parti politik agak berlainan berbanding tahun 1969 dahulu. Penulisan ini menggunakan sumber-sumber sekunder bagi melihat tentang kunci peralihan kuasa yang berlaku secara aman di Malaysia pada 9 Mei 2018.
Peluang China Aplikasi Model Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) dalam Konflik Israel-Palestin sebagai Palestine Relations Act (PRA) dan Meluaskan Kuasa Ke Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) dan Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
Authors: Keling Mohamad Faisol , Shuib Md. Shukri
Published: June 2021

Penyelesaian Konflik Israel-Palestin telah menjadi agenda global yang tidak hanya membabitkan negara tertentu tetapi juga melibatkan organisasi antarabangsa seperti Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) dan Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) yang gagal diselesaikan semenjak tahun 1948. Serangan ke atas negara dan korban nyawa rakyat Palestin telah menjadi perkara biasa dalam senario keselamatan antarabangsa. China yang merupakan antara kuasa besar dan ahli Majlis Keselamatan PBB telah memberi perhatian terhadap nasib Palestin telah menarik perhatian sebagai negara yang mampu membawa penyelesaian konflik. Dalam masa yang sama China turut memiliki peluang melalui konsep hubungan China-Taiwan dalam Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) sebagai model penyelesaian yang akan memberikan manfaat yang besar kepada Palestin dan China sendiri dalam aspek politik, ekonomi dan penyelesaian masalah dalaman China. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan konsep TRA boleh dijadikan sebagai asas kepada pembentukan Palestine Relations Act (PRA) antara China dan Palestin yang akan membuka peluang kepada perluasan pengaruh kepada 57 buah negara OIC dan 120 buah negara NAM yang secara langsung memberikan sokongan kepada China bagi menggantikan Soviet Union (Rusia) untuk mengimbangi kuasa besar Amerika Syarikat (AS) dalam sistem antarabangsa. China yang selama ini terpaksa tunduk dan diawasi oleh AS dalam tuntutannya ke atas Taiwan kini dapat menggunakan model TRA ini bagi membolehkan China memantau dan mengawasi perluasan kuasa AS di Timur Tengah dan antarabangsa di samping memiliki peluang besar untuk muncul sebagai kuasa pengimbang dalam sistem antarabangsa. Kajian ini turut menyatakan keberkesanan cegahrintang (deterrence) TRA dan model ini dapat digunakan oleh China untuk diaplikasikan dengan Palestin melalui PRA yang dapat membawa kepada keamanan dan kemakmuran sejagat.
Study On Shamanism in Primitive Community Trust
Authors: Darmaiza Darmaiza
Published: June 2021

Shamanism is an idea which is improving in the primitive society, in which is having more in any animistic activity, to relate any living activity which is called “Shaman” is connect believe the spirit life which the human living now. The appearance of “Shaman” in the now living becomes an introducer for people to, tell any difficult inner livings, in the privates or society ones the most in portent for a Shaman which has ability to pray to god with any kinds of aims so that it appears any talks between the deal human with the living ones.
HIGH-SPEED ROLLING STOCK OF UKRAINE
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Safronov О.М.
Published: June 2021

A brief history of the development of high-speed passenger traffic in the countries of the world is shown, it is shown that the length of high-speed highways (SMM) in the world is 44 thousand km. Despite the fact that Ukraine is not included in the list of 28 countries with the SMM, a two-system electric train ECR1 "Tarpan" was created on the basis of the PUBLIC JOINT STOCK COMPANY "KRYUKOVSKY RAILWAY CAR BUILDING WORKS" (PJSC "KVBZ") for the speed of movement of more than 200 km / h. A description of the electric train and the peculiarities of the brake system are given. It is shown that the brake system corresponds to world counterparts for high-speed trains about what evidence test results, which, due to the lack of ATS, were carried out for a speed of 160 km / h. The results of the settlement research, using the mathematical model and the results of the driving brake tests, showed that the braking pathway of the electric train at a speed of 200 km / h is 1539 m, and at a speed of 300 km / h - 3172 m. The obtained brake path values comply with the technical requirements of the European Union TSI . Studies confirm that Ukraine has high-speed rolling stock for speeds up to 300 km / h. Key words: high-speed rolling stock, electric train, brake system, brake path, speed
TECHNICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TRACTION ROLLING STOCK. FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF EVALUATION OF THE RESIDUAL RESOURCE OF SUPPORTING METAL STRUCTURES
Authors:   State Enterprise «Ukrainian Railway Car Building Research Institute», Bahrov M.O.
Published: June 2021

Recently there is the intrest increasing in admission of private locomotives to the operating on the particular headings of public railways. At the initiative of Ministry of Infrastructure the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 04.12.2019 № 1043 “About implementation of experimental project on the admission of private locomotives to the operating on the particular headings of public railways” is confirmed. The experimental project is designed for two years, it means till 04.12.2021. According to the requirements of the “Temporary Regulations on the procedure of the admission of private locomotives to the operating on the particular headings of public railways” approved by the Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine dated 04.03.2020 № 191, defined the requirements for applicants (enterprises), rolling stock, their maintanence and repair, personnel. In particular, it is established that private locomotives are allowed to operate on public railways with the availability of a conformity certificate. Private locomotives, that are applied for participation in experimental project, as a rule, are not new, and have certain service life, respectively, certain performance characteristics, remaining operating life of load-bearing metal structures, so the certification procedure of locomotives has some particularities and should cover, exept common measures of certification, measures of technical diagnoses, i.e. with the assessment of final resources of load-bearing metal struc-tures. Key words: experimental project, allowance for private locomotives, a conformity certificate, technical diagnoses.
Proses Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin Mendahara Ulu
Authors: Marhalim Marhalim
Published: June 2021

Guru yang memiliki potesi dan keahlian yang tinggi akan bisa mampu mendesain pelajaran sehingga menjadi lebih menarik dan membentuk siswa yang berkualitas. Akan tetapi jika guru tidak memeliki potensi dan keahlian yang berkualitas maka guru tersebut tidak akan nnmampu menciptakan komonikasi dengan siswa secara baik, dan materi yang disampai kan tidak mudah diterima oleh siswa, juga terdapat kenginan guru yang lebih banyak ingin berpegang apa yang telah ada. Mereka merasa nyaman dengan praktik-praktik rutin yang telah ada dari pada mencobakan hal-hal yang baru yang menuntut pemikiran dan usaha yang lebih ada kalanya menuntut perubahan dari guru itu sendiri. Sehingga masih banyak siswa yang belum memahami kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan. Mereka juga belum memahami materi pelajaran Sejarah kebudayaan Islam dengan baik, apalagi menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, hal ini dikarenakan guru kurang mempraktekkannya kepada siswa tentang materi yang diajarkan. Jadi disini guru diharuskan berperan dalam menyukseskan pelaksaan kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan.
Urgensi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Pera Aprizal Ambo
Published: June 2021

Bahasa Arab bukanlah hal yang asing bagi umat Islam. Banyak kaum muslimin yang mempelajari bahasa Arab mulai dari pendidikan pra sekolah hingga perguruan tinggi. Secara umum, tujuan belajar bahasa Arab adalah untuk memahami Al-Qur?an dan Hadits. Sebab, untuk memahami kedunya mutlak dibutuhkan kemampuan memahami bahasa Arab. Selain itu, untuk menanggapi keksyukukan dalam ibadah juga mengahajatkan kepada pengetahuan terhadap makna yang terkandung dalam bacaan- bacaan dalam ibadah. Bahasa ini digunakan secara resmi oleh kurang lebih 20 negara. Alasan lainnya karena bahasa Arab adalah bahasa kitab suci dan tuntunan agama umat Islam sedunia, maka tentu saja ia merupakan bahasa yang paling besar signifikansinya bagi milyaran muslim sedunia, baik yang berkebangsaan Arab maupun bukan Arab. Bahasa Arab selain sebagai bahasa lisan, ia juga bahasa tulisan. Bahasa tulisan inilah yang telah membangun tradisi ilmiah di kalangan umat islam. Secara historis dapat dibuktikan melalui karya-karya fenomental ulamaulama di berbagai bidang; di bidang tafsir, hadits, fiqih, aqidah dan di bidang ilmu-ilmu keislaman yang lainnya, tertulis dalam bahasa Arab. Karena sumber-sumber asli ajaran Islam dan ilmu- ilmu keislaman tertulis dalam bahasa Arab, maka sangatlah penting bagi umat islam terutama kalangan ilmuan atau akademisi muslim untuk mempelajari dan memahami serta menguasai bahasa Arab dalam pengembangan pendidikan Islam.
Soil quality management through conservation agriculture and other practices for higher productivity in rainfed agriculture amidst climate change
Authors: Sharma K.L.
Published: June 2021

The soils in the rainfed region are at the verge of degradation by virtue of several regions. The major reasons which degrade soil quality and deteriorate its productive capacity could be: i) washing away of topsoil and organic matter associated with clay size fractions due to water erosion, ii) intensive deep tillage and inversion tillage with moldboard and disc plough resulting in a) fast decomposition of remnants of crop residues which is catalyzed by high temperature, b) breaking of stable soil aggregates and aggravating the process of oxidation of entrapped organic C and c) disturbance to the habitat of soil microflora and fauna and loss in microbial diversity, iii) less use of fertilizers and widening of plant nutrients removal-use gap , iv) mining and other commercial activities such as use of top soil for other than agricultural purpose, v) mono cropping without following any suitable rotation, vi) nutrient imbalance caused due to disproportionate use of primary, secondary and micronutrients, vii) no or low use of organic manures and poor recycling of farm based crop residues viii) no or low green manuring ix) poor nutrient use efficiency x) indiscriminate use of other agricultural inputs such as herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, etc., , xi) water logging, salinity and alkalinity and acid soils.As a result of several above-mentioned reasons, soils encounter diversity of constraints broadly on account of physical, chemical and biological soil health and ultimately low productivity. Amidst climatic variation and climatic change, there are likelihoods of occurring more degradation of soil resource. Under such situation, conservation agriculture and other resource conservation practices have proved quite effectivein protecting thesoil fromfurther degradation andin restoration of soil quality. This review paper deals withdifferent aspectsof soil quality management through conservation agriculture and other resource conservation techniques.
GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE AND ITS EFFECT ON CHANGING THE LEXICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: EZZAT Azza Adnan Ahmed , ALKADIR Gayda Adiel Abed
Published: June 2021

The renewal in the lexical study depends on looking at the expressions and connotations it contains that are influenced by the context of what they are mentioned in as much as it relates to linguistic matters, such as changing the morphological form, or the multiplicity of the form of the source of the verb, or the construction of active voice and passive voice, or the infringement and imperative as well as the type of preposition infringement To come up with multiple connotations that correspond to those changes that are directly related to the context and what we can call (the semantic attribution) that is different from the grammatical attribution. In it, the connotation changes by changing the type of the subject or the predicate from masculine to feminine, and from singular to dual or plural, and from rational to non-rational, and from material to semantic or abstract to concrete and the like. According to all the above, it is not correct to separate the linguistic levels in any integrated linguistic study.
THE MOST IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC PROPERTIES OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
Authors: EL AMRINI Hafıda
Published: June 2021

The defining and non-defining of words have been thoroughly studied and analyzed in the ancient grammar given their link to all the aspects of the Arabic language, and to most of the different grammatical rules. As for some modern linguistic studies, it has studied the properties of the structure and meaning of speech and its connection with semantic and instrumental meanings and functions, in which the context plays a fundamental role in the selection of its characteristics such as singularisation , trust and designation ... In this research, we aim to study some of the structural and semantic properties of the definite article and its role in imparting contextual and discursive factors within the semantic approach. Based on the foregoing, the problematic of this research can be identified in the following central question: How did some semantic and exclusivist approaches address the concept of definition? And what this question calls for in terms of sub-questions can be defined in: -What are the most important perspectives that are concerned with the meaning of the definite article and the function it performs? - What are the roles that the definite article plays and its contribution to achieving a set of meanings of significance and excuses? We will answer these questions through the conclusions reached, perhaps the most important of which is that the definite article can be discussed according to different perspectives: structural, semantic, and proximate, and the behavior that the definite uses in relation to achieving several connotations is mainly related to what is an excuse and rhetorical that is of interest to this contextual relationship between the speaker and the listener.
THE REALITY OF USING E-LEARNING DURING (COVID 19) PANDEMIC FROM POINT OF VIEW OF THE DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPALS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN NORTH OF AL BATINAH GOVERNORATE IN SULTANATE OF OMAN
Authors: AL BUSAIDI Khmis Abdullah Saıd , AL NUUMANI Salem Hamed Jamil
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to reveal the reality of using e-learning during (Covid 19) pandemic from point of view of the directors and principals of public schools in the North of Al Batinah Governorate in Sultanate of Oman, by knowing the challenges facing the application of e-learning and knowing the level of interaction of the educational process parties with Electronic learning systems, reaching the results and proposals that help in developing e-learning in during the pandemic and after it, and investing this in accelerating the provision of all material and human capabilities and infrastructure related to upgrading lines and communication networks necessary to operate educational platforms across the vast electronic space, and extracting the most important challenges facing e-learning And submit it to the decision-makers to find effective solutions to it, to ensure its continuity and durability, The results indicated that the reality of using e-learning during (Covid 19) pandemic from the point of view of directors and principals in public schools in the North of Al Batinah Governorate in Sultanate of Oman came at a medium level, and the same result was for the three sub-questions, while the fourth sub-question came as a result of the challenges facing the use of e-learning With a high degree, while the results of the second question indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the responses of the study sample individuals about the reality of using e-learning in light of the spread of the pandemic (Covid 19) according to the study variables, gender and experience. The study recommended the necessity of building Educational systems capable of Adapt to crises and develop Curriculum to fit with Distance education and consider E-learning is a complement For direct education, it is included Within the basic means of education.
APPLICATION OF INTEGRATION COMPREHENSIVE STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS BETWEEN REALITY AND EXPECTATIONS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF TEACHERS IN SCHOOL'S PRIMARY IN BRIGADE NORTH IN GREEN LINE
Authors: HADDAD Naaila Jeries
Published: June 2021

The study aimed to identify the application of inclusion, to apply the comprehensive integration of students with special needs between reality and expectations from the viewpoint of teachers in primary schools in the Northern District within the Green Line. To achieve the aim of the study, the descriptive and analytical approach was used, through the development of the study tool, and verification of its validity and reliability. The study sample included (450) teachers chosen randomly. The results of the study showed that the degree of application of comprehensive integration of students with special needs between reality and expectations The teachers ’view of primary schools in the northern district within the green line came with a degree of (medium), and the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the areas of comprehensive integration of students with special needs between the reality and the expectations from the teachers’ point of view in the primary schools in the northern district within the line. Green is attributed to the gender variable, academic qualification, and years of experience variable, while the results showed differences according to the job title variable, and the existence of differences according to the limitations of the merged student.
MOVIMENTOS SOCIOTERRITORIAIS NA LUTA CONTRA ESTRANGEIRIZAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO: O CASO DA LIGA NACIONAL DE CARPEROS NO PARAGUAI / Socio-territorial movements in the struggle against foreignization of the territory: the case of the Liga Nacional de Carperos in Paraguay / Movimientos socioterritoriales en la lucha contra la extranjerización del territorio: el caso de la Liga Nacional de Carperos en Paraguay
Authors: Izá Pereira Lorena
Published: June 2021

A estrangeirização corresponde ao controle do território, entendido na sua multidimensionalidade e multiescalaridade, pelo capital estrangeiro. Na América Latina o processo é histórico, bem como as resistências ao mesmo. O Paraguai, desde 1870, corresponde a um território formado para atender as necessidades de expansão do capital regional e, atualmente, estima-se que 35% do seu território esteja em posse de estrangeiros. Neste sentido, no Paraguai a luta pelo território é uma luta contra a estrangeirização. Este artigo tem como objetivo debater acerca de movimentos socioterritoriais considerados soberanistas, isto é, movimentos que atuam na luta contra a entrada do capital estrangeiro no território. Utilizamos como estudo de caso a Liga Nacional de Carperos (LNC), movimento criado em 2010 no Paraguai com o objetivo de recuperar a soberania. A LNC tem realizado importantes ações, atraindo a atenção não apenas nacional, mas também em âmbito internacional, visto que ocupa terras pertencentes a agentes estrangeiros. Assim, a LNC representa a recriação da luta pelo território no Paraguai.Como citar este artigo: PEREIRA, Lorena Izá. Movimentos socioterritoriais na luta contra a estrangeirização do território: o caso da Liga Nacional de Carperos no Paraguai. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 57, p. 79-103, Dossiê I ELAMSS, 2021.
PERFIL ANTROPOMÉTRICO E DE CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE JOGADORES VIRTUAIS LEAGUE OF LEGENDS (JOGOS ELETRÔNICOS)
Authors: Ribeiro Rocha Dias Ícaro , Carmo da Silva Grasiele , Gustavo Vieira Cardoso Luiz , Francielle França Vivian , Ferraz Brito Sousa Laís , Silva Rocha Leonardo
Published: June 2021

O League of Legends é um jogo eletrônico que exige várias horas diárias de treinamento em frente ao computador levando seus praticantes a um estilo de vida sedentária. Hábitos de vida sedentários associados a uma má alimentação gera uma predisposição maior ao sobrepeso. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o perfil antropométrico e consumo alimentar de atletas de League of Legends. Trata se de um estudo transversal realizado com jogadores da cidade de Vitória da Conquista-BA. Os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação antropométrica e do consumo alimentar. Para avaliação antropométrica foram mensurados peso, altura, circunferências e dobras cutâneas. Para determinar ingestão calórica, de macronutrientes e micronutrientes, foram utilizados questionário de frequência alimentar e registro alimentar. Foi observado que os jogadores apresentavam sobrepeso segundo IMC (25,3 ± 6.04 kg/m²) e percentual de gordura corporal bastante heterogêneos (17,6 ± 0,72 %), classificado como “abaixo da média”. Em relação ao padrão de ingestão alimentar, os grupos alimentares dos tubérculos, frutas, castanhas e amêndoas apresentaram menores taxas de consumo diário; o registro alimentar identificou inadequações nos três macronutrientes, assim como nos micronutrientes magnésios, sódio e vitamina B3. O presente estudo identificou desbalanço tanto no perfil antropométrico quanto no perfil nutricional dos jogadores.
Deep CNN Architecture for Respiratory Sound Classification
Authors: Zachariah Shinta C , P Bindhu
Published: June 2021

Deep learning is a special method of machine learning that takes place in continuous layers of neural networks to retrieve data in a repetitive manner. An in-depth study is very useful when you are trying to find patterns from unstructured data. Deep learning complex neural networks are designed to mimic how the human brain works, so computers are often trained to solve undefined abstractions and problems. Recent improvements in AI, Big Data, and machine learning have increased the importance of image processing and biomedical signalling research. Biomedical signal processing requires periodic quantitative analysis and recording on a patient's chart to produce useful information that can be determined by clinics. The aim of this paper is to develop an in-depth study-based classification model for the identification of respiratory sounds for the diagnosis of orientation of lung and pulmonary diseases. In this project, we introduce a deep learning model CNN. This model use to classify respiratory sound. The model classifies the mel-spectrogram of respiratory sound. Here we propose 4 classifier models for classifying respiratory sounds (normal, wheeze, crackle, combination of wheeze and crackle). The main contribution of the paper is as follows: First, the proposed model is ready to identify a state-of-the-art score in the ICBHI’17 dataset. Second, compare the performance of the generalized models. Finally, the trained weight was calculated for memory optimization.
The Equity Risk Premium Puzzle in Pakistan
Authors: Sajid Ali , Arsalan Mohammad , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Ramish Muhammad Sufyan
Published: June 2021

Our study uses the consumption-based asset-pricing power utility model to test theEquity Risk Premium (ERP) puzzle in Pakistan. The study has collected monthly stock pricedata from July 1997 to December 2017 from the PSX data portal. We extracted informationabout macroeconomic factors such as inflation and risk-free interest rate from the State Bankof Pakistan. Moreover, the study used private consumption and population data from thePakistan Bureau of Statistics. The results suggest that the ERP puzzle has a strong occurrencein Pakistan, a phenomenon previously associated with only developed markets. Onedisadvantage of the present investigation is the small sample size. A longer time durationcould have reduced short-term biases. Past researchers have suggested different approachesfor solving the equity premium puzzle. For instance, some studies used improvised structuralmodels to justify the equity risk premium puzzle using macroeconomic factors.
O PADRÃO DA RESPOSTA IMUNOLÓGICA HUMORAL EM PACIENTES COM COVID-19 VARIA CONFORME A SEVERIDADE DA DOENÇA
Authors: Santos Rhayanny Kethylly Pereira , Souza Jackson Nascimento De , Santos Camila De Paula Duarte Dos , Silva Victória Regina Da
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O vírus SARS-CoV-2 é responsável pela pandemia que segue marcando o mundo. Apesar de grande parte dos afetados apresentarem sintomas leves semelhantes à gripe, casos graves provocam internações por distúrbios pulmonares e outras complicações orgânicas. A alta taxa de transmissibilidade, inclusive em assintomáticos, e de letalidade justificam a importância da compreensão do mecanismo de defesa em resposta à infecção e como relaciona-se a severidade do quadro. Estudos mostram a presença de antiSARS-CoV-2 específicos IgM e IgG existindo em quantidade diferentes entre casos leves e graves. Essa revisão busca compreender as diferenças entre padrões de resposta imunológica em quadros graves e leves de COVID-19. Objetivos: Descrever a variação na resposta imunológica adaptativa humoral existente entre pacientes com diferentes intensidades da COVID-19, associando-a aos diferentes quadros. Metodologia: A revisão foi feita utilizando as bases de dados ScienceDirect, PubMed e Google Scholar utilizando os descritores “COVID-19”, “immunological response pattern” e “severity”. Foram analisados 5 artigos experimentais publicados entre 2020-2021 e excluídos artigos que não contemplassem o objetivo proposto. Resultados: Foi encontrado que anticorpos IgG surgem antecipadamente, em maior titulação e permanecem por tempo prolongado em pacientes graves quando comparados a casos leves. Quanto à detecção, IgG aparece significativamente nos quadros graves, porém em menos de 5% dos assintomáticos. O surgimento rápido de IgG em pacientes graves sugere reatividade cruzada a outros coronavírus circulantes, enquanto que a resposta humoral exacerbada com grande duração nesses casos sugere falha em produzir uma resposta apropriada. Ademais, plasmoblastos também foram encontrados no fenótipo grave da doença, corroborando com a alta de anticorpos. IgM não apareceu significativamente alterado entre os pacientes. Conclusão: Na presente revisão foi demonstrado que a presença alterada de anticorpos IgG é encontrada em quadros graves. A caracterização desses padrões imunológicos é crucial para estabelecer seu valor terapêutico, diagnóstico e prognóstico na COVID-19.
Investigation of Common Bacterial Pathogens Leading to Urinary Tract Infections Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Authors:   , Nakkungu Jackline
Published: June 2021

Background: The risk of diabetic patients acquiring UTIs is higher than that of their non-diabetic counterparts. This is due to the damage on the urinary bladder nerves caused by high blood glucose levels. This nerve damage reduces the ability of the urinary bladder to sense the presence of urine in it. As a result, urine stays for a long time in the bladder, increasing the growth of the bacteria in urine. UTI’s may lead to emphysematous pyelonephritis, cystitis in females, renal and perirenal abscess, papillary necrosis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and fungal infections. There is limited knowledge about the bacteria affecting diabetic patients in Uganda. Methodology: In a cross-sectional study, 76 diabetic patients at Our Lady of Consolata Kisubi Hospital had their urine samples collected and analyzed for the presence of uro-bacterial pathogens in the microbiology laboratory at the University of Kisubi. Patients were instructed on how to collect midstream urine, which were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. The bacteria were identified according to colony size, shape, and hemolysis. Several biochemical tests were used to confirm the presence of the different bacteria strains from the individual subcultured colonies Results   Escherichia coli was the most predominant bacterium associated with UTIs in diabetes mellitus with an abundance of 42.3 %. This was followed by Klebsiella species with 21.1%, Staphylococcus aureus with 14.1%, Streptococcus species at 11.76%, Proteus species at 5.8%, Enterococcus faecalis at 3.5%,  and Serratia marcescens with 1.17%. Female diabetic patients were found to be more infected with uropathogenic than their male diabetic counterparts.  Conclusion and recommendations: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus species, Serratia marcescens, and Enterococcus faecalis were identified to be commonly found in the urine of patients with diabetes mellitus. More screening and early management of such infections are needed in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns of Common Bacterial Species Associated with Urinary Tract Infections in Patients Attending Kam Medical and Diagnostic Centre, Kampala Uganda.
Authors:   , Turyatunga Gerald
Published: June 2021

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the presence of microbial pathogens within the urinary tract. It is primarily caused by Escherichia coli (E.coli), accounting for 75% of all bacterial UTI cases. Bacteria such Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis have also been reported as causative agents. The study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Uropathogenic bacteria in urine samples of patients with suspected UTI in Kam Medical and the diagnostic Centre.  Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study where 120 urinary samples from Kam Medical and Diagnostic Centre in 2019. The urine specimens were cultured on CLED (Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte – Deficient) and blood agar media. Kirby-Bauer’s standard disk diffusion method was applied to test the susceptibility of the drug for Mueller-Hinton culture agar plates. Results: All 120 patients suspected of UTI had bacterial pathogen causing UTI. Among the urinary pathogens, Escherichia coli was the most common in 85/120 (70.8%) of the patients followed by S.aureus 13/120 (10.8 %), Klebsiella spp 4/120 (9.2%), Enterococcus spp with 4/120 3.3 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 4/120 (3.3%) and Proteus with 3/120 (2.5%). According to the results of the antibiogram, the highest resistance was observed for Nalidixic acid (64.2%), Ampicillin (61.7%), and Cotrimoxazole (54.2 %). The highest susceptibility (antibiotic sensitivity) was observed with imipenem (97.5%), Nitrofurantoin (49.2 %), Ciprofloxacin (45.8%), and Clotrimazole (44.2 %) Conclusion and recommendations:  The bacterial pathogens associated with UTIs in this study were E.coli species, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Enterococcus species, Pseudomonas species, and Proteus species. E.coli was the most common isolate followed by S.aureus, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Enterococcus spp, and lastly Proteus spp. The highest levels of bacterial resistance were recorded against first-generation antibiotic drugs. Bacterial isolates in this study were highly susceptible to broad-spectrum, second/ third generation antibiotics drugs.