bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Spectral and Temporal Filters with EEG Signal to Predict the Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Outcome after Antiseizure Medication via Machine Learning
Authors: Shin Youmin , Hwang Sungeun , Lee Seung-Bo , Son Hyoshin , Chu Kon , Jung Ki-Young , Lee Sang Kun , Park Kyung-Il , Kim Young-Gon
Published: May 2023

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which transient alteration of brain. Predicting outcomes in epilepsy is essential since the prediction could provide feedback that can foster improvement in the outcomes. This study aimed to investigate whether applying spectral and temporal filters to resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) signals could improve the prediction of patients' outcomes after antiseizure medication for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We collected EEG data from a total of 46 patients (seizure-free (SF, n = 22) or nonseizure-free (NSF, n = 24)) with TLE and reviewed their clinical data retrospectively. We dissected spectral and temporal ranges with various time-domain features (Hjorth parameters, statistical parameters, energy, and zero-crossing rate) and compared their performance by applying optimal frequency only, optimal duration only, and both. For all time-domain features, optimal frequency and time strategy (OFTS) showed the highest performance in distinguishing SF patients from NSF patients (0.759 ± 0.148 AUC). In addition, the best performance using statistical parameters as a feature vector was a frequency band of 39–41 Hz at a window length of 210s, with an AUC of 0.748. By identifying the optimal parameters, we improved the prediction model’s performance. These parameters can function as standard parameters for outcome prediction using resting-state EEG signals.
Seagrass loss decreases abundance, diversity and composition of macrobenthic infauna in a Caribbean Bay
Authors: Kanhai Attish , Juman Rahanna
Published: May 2023

Seagrass meadows form extremely complex ecosystems in the coastal zone that are highly productive and sustain an abundant faunal community. This study compared the macrobenthic infaunal communities in William’s Bay, Trinidad before and after a lush seagrass meadows dominated by Thalassia testudinum (Banks ex König) was extirpated. In 2007, T. testudinum leaf aerial productivity was 1.5 ± 0.58 gm2 d− 1 and total biomass was 191 ± 55.9 gm− 2, but by 2016 the bed had collapsed with zero productivity and biomass. To assess the macrobenthic infauna, five replicate cores were taken at six stations in 2007 and in 2016. Species richness, abundance and biomass all decreased from 2007 to 2016 coinciding with the loss of the seagrass meadows. This is likely due to fewer microhabitats and protection from predators provided by seagrass cover. Relative abundance of the main species groups remained unchanged; polychaetes accounted for 48% of the species in 2007 and 2016, amphipods accounted for 17% in both years, decapods for 12% and 15% in 2007 and 2016 respectively, non-segmented worms for 11% (2007) and 6% (2016), molluscs for 2% (2007) and 13% (2016), echinoderms for less than 1% and another 1% a small miscellaneous group. Specific composition within these groups differed; in 2007, carnivorous polychaete families Lumbrineridae, Nereididae and Orbiniidae dominated, while in 2016 deposit feeding polychaete families such as Opheliidae, Paraonidae, Capitellidae and Spionidae were more abundant. Epifaunal amphipoda dominated across both periods compared to infaunal tube-dwellers. This study demonstrated a shift in the main feeding guilds of polychaete communities while vegetated from carnivorous polychaetes to deposit feeding polychaetes upon disappearance of the seagrass meadows.
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aloe Vera Leaves Extract and Evaluation of ALE- ZnO/Regenerated Cellulose Films Antibacterial, Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Wu Cuiling , Zhang Ting , Ji Binghan , Chou Yajie , Du Xueyan
Published: May 2023

The use of plant extract to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles has been considered one of the most environmentally friendly approaches. The present study focused on the greenly synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ALE-ZnO NPs) using Aloe Vera Leaf Extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent. Further, the antibacterial regenerated cellulose film (ALE-ZnO/RCF) by incorporating ALE-ZnO NPs was successfully prepared via the immersion phase- conversion method.The structure and morphology of ALE-ZnO NPs and ALE-ZnO/RCF were characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDS measurements. Theantibacterial and antifungal properties of ALE-ZnO/RCF that render them suitable for biomedical and food packaging applications were evaluated by the inhibition zone method. The results indicated the effective synthesis of the pure crystal form of ZnO NPs with irregularshapes and average crystallite sizes of about 26 nm. SEM and EDS images showed ALE-ZnO NPs were well dispersed and stabilizedin the cellulose matrix. In addition, the ALE-ZnO/RCF displayed growth antibacterial, antifungal activity with increasing ALE-ZnO NPs contents, and the best antimicrobial behavior with approximately 25 mm inhibition zones, achieved by ALE-ZnO10/RCF. Meanwhile, the prepared ALE-ZnO/RCF also exhibited promising antioxidant activity against DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals scavenger. This study recommends the potential use of green ALE-ZnO/RCF in industries like food, pharmaceutical, agriculture, and cosmetics.
Assessing the Economic Implications of Step-Down Outpatient Management for Fever and Neutropenia Episodes in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Cost Minimization Analysis
Authors: Avilés-Robles Martha , Reyes-Lopez Alfonso
Published: May 2023

Background
The management of febrile neutropenia (FN) in pediatric cancer patients has traditionally been conducted in a hospital setting. However, recent evidence has indicated that outpatient management of FN can be equally effective compared to inpatient care. Based on this evidence, we conducted a cost-minimization analysis (CMA) specifically focused on pediatric cancer patients in Mexico
Methods
The CMA was performed from a societal perspective using patient-level data derived from a previous noninferiority clinical trial that compared outpatient treatment to inpatient treatment for FN in children with cancer. Direct and indirect costs were collected prospectively. The costs were adjusted for inflation and converted to US dollars, with values standardized to August 2022 costs. Statistical analysis using bootstrap methods was employed to obtain robust estimations for decision-making within the Mexican public health care system.
Results
A total of 117 FN episodes were analyzed, with 60 in the outpatient group and 57 in the inpatient group; however, complete cost data were available for only 115 FN episodes. The analysis revealed an average savings of $1,087 per FN event managed on an outpatient basis, representing a significant reduction of 92% compared to inpatient treatment. Length of hospital stay and inpatient consultations emerged as the primary cost drivers within the inpatient care group
Conclusion
This CMA demonstrates that the step-down outpatient management approach is not only cost-effective but also cost-saving when compared to inpatient management of FN in pediatric cancer patients. The mean difference observed between the treatment groups provides support for decision-making within the public health care system, as outpatient management of FN allows for substantial cost savings without compromising patient health.
Direct hybridization facilitates the simultaneous identification and introgression of QTL for adult plant resistance to the Ug99 stem rust lineage from tetraploid Khorasan wheat to common wheat
Authors: Fraser Max , Conley Emily , Kosgey Zennah , Degete Ashenafi Gemechu , Rouse Matthew , Anderson James
Published: May 2023

The Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) Ug99 race group presents a major challenge to global wheat production. Satisfying current and future demands hinges on the discovery of new sources of resistance. It is imperative that the durability and diversity of Ug99 resistance is improved by identifying and deploying novel resistance genes. Progenitor species and wild relatives of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) have proven to be rich sources of genetic diversity. The Khorasan wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum) accession CItr 11390 displays adult plant resistance (APR) to Ug99 races. 121 BC1F5-derived recombinant inbred lines were developed from a cross between CItr 11390 and MN07098-6 to map and introgress resistance loci from CItr 11390. The population was evaluated in Kenya and Ethiopia in 2019 and 2020. Two APR QTL from CItr 11390 were detected in multiple environments. QSr.umn-2A is believed to be the APR gene Sr63 on chromosome 2AL. QSr.umn-6BL was identified on 6BL upstream from Sr11. The distance from Sr11 and lack of APR QTL reported on 6BL suggest QSr.umn-6BL is a novel locus. Additional QTL were mapped to chromosomes 1AS, 3AL, 3BL, 5AL, and 6BS in single environments. The population segregates for TKTTF seedling resistance conferred by Sr7a and a novel locus, QSr.umn-5A.1. The population consists of the first hexaploid wheat lines to pyramid Sr7a, Sr57/Lr34/Yr18, Sr63, and QSr.umn-6BL. This study is the first report of Pgt resistance QTL from Khorasan wheat, and it demonstrates the feasibility of simultaneously identifying and transferring resistance QTL from tetraploid to hexaploid wheat.
Treatment of lymphedema in patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care: A single center experience
Authors: Shimbo keisuke , Kawamoto Haruka , Koshima Isao
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Lymphedema can develop during the progression of neoplastic diseases and is a devastating complication in patients with cancer receiving palliative care. This study aimed to investigate the course of treatment for lymphedema in patients receiving palliative care to assess post-treatment outcomes.
Methods
This single-center, retrospective cohort study reviewed the maintained database of patients with lymphedema who presented to our department between January 2015 and December 2022. A combination of skin care, compression therapy, and lymphaticovenular anastomosis was used to treat lymphedema in patients with cancer receiving palliative care. The upper or lower extremity lymphedema indices, calculated based on five upper or four lower extremity circumferences and body mass index, were compared at the first and last visits.
Results
Of the 202 patients with lymphedema, 38 patients with 45 limbs (upper extremities: 11 patients, 12 limbs; lower extremities: 27 patients, 33 limbs) were included in the analysis. There were no significant changes in edema based on the upper or lower extremity lymphedema indices in the upper (p = 0.931) or lower extremities (p = 0.767) between the first and last visits. No pain relief was observed after the treatment. In the treatment differences, the rate of change in edema was − 3.6 ± 10.8% for the compression garment and + 5.7 ± 11.5% for the lymphaticovenular anastomosis, showing no significant difference (p = 0.157).
Conclusion
All treatments had limited therapeutic effects, such as reduced edema and pain relief, and there were no significant differences between them.
Water Potability Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Patel Samir , Shah Khushi , Vaghela Sakshi , Aglodiya Mohmmadali , Bhattad Rashmi
Published: May 2023

Water is a crucial and indispensable resource for sustaining human life, and maintaining its quality is of utmost importance for the well-being of individuals. When drinking water becomes contaminated, it poses severe health risks, including diseases like diarrhea, cholera, and various other waterborne ailments. As a result, ensuring safe and clean water becomes crucial to promote public health. Recent findings indicate that a significant number of approximately 3,575,000 people lose their lives each year due to water-related illnesses. Therefore, accurate prediction of water potability has the potential to substantially reduce the incidence of such diseases. Notably, machine learning algorithms have emerged as powerful tools for effectively predicting water quality, enabling timely and precise monitoring of water resources. This research focuses on multiple algorithms to forecast water potability based on the physicochemical properties of water samples obtained from the Drinking Water dataset available on Kaggle. This dataset comprises nine distinct parameters, namely pH, hardness, solids, chloramines, sulfates, trihalomethanes, organic carbon, conductivity, and turbidity. By employing various algorithms, such as Random Forest, Logistic Regression, SVM, XGBoost and KNN, we aim to determine the potability of drinking water. Notably, the XGBoost algorithm demonstrates superior performance compared to traditional ML models, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99.5%, precision of 0.99, sensitivity of 0.99, specificity of 1.0, and F1 score of 0.99. Additionally, the Random Forest algorithm also performs well, yielding an accuracy of 74%. Consequently, this research holds significant promise in providing reliable water quality data to researchers, water management personnel, and policymakers, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of water potability monitoring.
Activation of Liver X receptors alleviates neuropathic pain-induced cognitive dysfunction by modulating PI3K/AKT-mediated microglia polarization
Authors: Han Siyi , Yuan Xiaoman , Zhao Fengtian , Manyande Anne , Gao Feng , Wang Jie , Zhang Wen , Tian Xuebi
Published: May 2023

Background：
Cognitive dysfunction is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with chronic pain. Evidence suggested that activation of Liver X receptors (LXRs) plays a potential role in improving cognitive disorders in multiple central nervous diseases by modulating neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. In this study, we mainly investigated whether LXRs could reverse cognitive deficits induced by neuropathic pain.
Methods：
We established the spared nerve injury (SNI) model to explore the roles of LXRs in neuropathic pain induced-cognitive dysfunction. Pharmacological activation of LXRs with T0901317 or inhibition with GSK2033 was applied. In addition, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 was administered to examine the downstream mechanism of LXRs. Changes in neuroinflammation, microglia polarization, and synaptic plasticity were assessed using biochemical technologies.
Results：
We found that SNI induced mechanical allodynia and novel object recognition dysfunction in mice, accompanied by the reduced expression levels of LXRβ, synaptic proteins, and the PI3K/AKT pathway in the hippocampus. Microglia were activated in the hippocampus after SNI, with an increase in the M1 phenotype and a decrease in the M2 phenotype, as well as upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Activation of LXRs with T0901317 significantly ameliorated SNI-induced cognitive dysfunction including anxiety, learning and memory. T0901317 also reversed neuroinflammation and microglia M1-polarization induced by SNI, upregulated expression levels of synaptic proteins, and phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. However, administration of the LXRs inhibitor GSK2033 or PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abolished the protective effects of T0901317 on cognitive dysfunction in SNI mice.
Conclusion：
Our data indicate that activation of LXRs can alleviate neuropathic pain-induced cognitive dysfunction by modulating microglia polarization, neuroinflammation, and synaptic plasticity through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and thus, LXRs may be identified as potential new targets for pain-related cognitive deficits.
Persistent hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation in children
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyung , Park Peong Gang , Han Ahram , Ahn Yo Han , Min Sangil , Kim Su-Jin , Ha Jongwon , Kang Hee Gyung
Published: May 2023

Background: Most patients with chronic kidney disease develop variable degrees of secondary hyperparathyroidism, which is resolved after kidney transplantation (KT). However, persistent hyperparathyroidism after KT in adults is reported to occur in 50% patients undergoing KT; this has not been investigated thoroughly in children. Here, we analyzed the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism after KT and its risk factors among children in a single-referral hospital.
Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed medical records of children who underwent KT between 2007 and 2020. Persistent hyperparathyroidism was defined as the median PTH level of more than 65 pg/mL; its annual prevalence, risk factors, treatment status, and association with graft outcome, were analyzed.
Results: Among 153 patients, 56% were boys and their mean age was 10.5 years. The prevalence of persistent hyperparathyroidism was about 36% after 1 year, which remained stable up to 4 years after KT. The occurrence of persistent hyperparathyroidism was associated with longer pretransplant dialysis duration and hyperphosphatemia. Of the enrolled children, one underwent parathyroidectomy and 15 received cinacalcet therapy. A total of 49.6% children either had a graft failure or their eGFR was less than 60ml/min/1.732 after a median of 4.6 years of KT; hyperparathyroidism status was associated with decreased kidney function.
Conclusion: Prevalence of persistent hyperparathyroidism after KT is common in children, with a considerable portion of them being treated medically or surgically. The degree of secondary hyperparathyroidism before KT may be a risk factor for development of persistent hyperparathyroidism, which has been associated with decreased graft function.
Research on the relationship between common metabolic syndrome and meteorological factors in Wuhu, a subtropical humid city of China
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ni Man , Jia Juan , Deng Yujie , Sun Xiaoya , Wang Xinqi , Chen Yuting , Fang Lanlan , Zhao Hui , Xu Shanshan , Ma Yubo , Zhu Jiansheng , Pan Faming
Published: May 2023

With the deterioration of climate issue, human's health is exposed to much more extensive kinds of threats. The primary purpose of this study was to ascertain the harzard of death from metabolic syndrome (MetS) caused by meteorological factors. We collected daily data from 2014 to 2020 in Wuhu City, including meteorological factors, environmental pollutants and death data of common MetS (hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes), as well as a total number of 15,272 MetS deaths. In order to explore the relationship between meteorological factors, air pollutants and MetS mortality, we used a generalized additive model (GAM) combined with a distributed delay nonlinear model (DLNM) for time series analysis. The relationship between the above factors and death outcomes was preliminarily evaluated using Spearman analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). As per out discovery, diurnal temperature range (DTR) and daily mean temperature (T mean) increased the MetS mortality risk notably. The ultra low DTR raised the MetS mortality risk upon the general people, with the highest RR value of 1.033 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.065) at lag day 14. In addition, T mean was also significantly associated with MetS death. The highest risk of ultra low and ultra high T mean occured on the same day (lag 14), RR values were 1.043 (95% CI: 1.010, 1.077) and 1.032 (95% CI: 1.003, 1.061) respectively. Stratified analysis’s result showed lower DTR had a more pronounced effect on women and the elderly, and ultra low and high T mean was a risk factor for MetS mortality in women and men. The elderly need to take extra note of temperature changes, and different levels of T mean will increase the risk of death.
Digital Trade Networks: Multinational Enterprises and Digital Regulation
Authors: Zhang Tianding , Gong Tong
Published: May 2023

The influence of multinational enterprises on digital trade is growing significantly, resulting in profound transformations within global production networks. In this paper, we establish a comprehensive global digital trade network using the OECD-AMNE database and conduct empirical analysis to examine the impact of digital regulations and network structure. Our findings reveal domestic and international digital regulations' collaborative influence on countries' network participation. Moreover, we observe that stringent domestic restrictions impede exports. Additionally, our results highlight the positive role of reciprocal network structures in fostering trade relationships. By employing a value-added decomposition approach, we uncover that digital service trade restrictions hinder the export of value-added trade when multinational enterprises act as upstream value-added providers. However, downstream producers experience comparatively lesser impact. Furthermore, we identify that disparities in digital service regulation between home and host countries significantly influence the digital service output of multinational enterprises. Additionally, differences in global rules have implications for investment relationships. To sum up, we have put forward policy suggestions that are specifically designed for the newly adopted digital commerce systems. These suggestions highlight the significance of maintaining harmony between digital accessibility and safeguarding the country's economic interests.
JEL Classification: F14; F42;
Development and validation of an educational handout for improving glaucoma medication adherence: a patient-centred approach
Authors: Abaidoo Benjamin , KP Mashige , Govender P , Badasu P
Published: May 2023

Background:
Educating patients with glaucoma through structured written information can improve their understanding of the disease and promote better adherence to prescribed medications.
Purpose:
This study aimed to develop and validate an educational handout for improving glaucoma medication adherence.
Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design conducted in two phases namely; the design and development of the handout and the validation of the handout. Content development was done by assessing the educational needs of patients with glaucoma through a qualitative exploratory approach. The handout was drafted and formatted in consultation with a professional medical illustrator and a health promotion specialist. Thereafter, it was assessed by experts for content validity and by patients with glaucoma for face validity. The scale level content validity index (SCVI) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were the main outcome variables. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant and the confidence interval was set at 95%.
Results:
Twenty-four patients with glaucoma participated in the content development. Ten experts and 15 patients with glaucoma were involved in the content and face validation, respectively. The themes generated from the qualitative exploratory study included; knowledge about glaucoma and adherence, reasons for non-adherence, use of glaucoma medication, and the role of patients in managing glaucoma. The SCVI for the content validity was high
Conclusion:
The handout has a good content and face validity with an excellent inter-rater reliability and can be used as an educational resource to improve adherence to glaucoma medication.
Influencing factors for pursuing agriculture as a career for agriculture undergraduates: A two-stage approach
Authors: Roy Sanjoy Kumar
Published: May 2023

The study's goal was to determine the variables that were linked to university students' intentions to pursue agricultural-related employment. Quantitative data was gathered from 323 students who were enrolled in various agricultural-based university programs in Bangladesh. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were employed to examine the data. The results revealed that students' intentions to enter agricultural-related careers were predicted by their attitudes toward agriculture, agricultural knowledge, perceived behavioral control, facilities and resource conditions, innovativeness and creativity, career planning, perception of sustainable agriculture methods, perception of organizational support, and technological competency. Perceived behavioral control is the strongest predictor. Subjective norms, perceived value, and entrepreneurial capabilities were found the insignificant predictors. The results shed light on the parameters agricultural undergraduates take into account when selecting whether to pursue jobs in the field of agriculture. This can assist academic specialists in retaining and attracting students by meeting their demands for motivation. By including nine extra components, the study broadens the theory of planned behavior's application for predicting intention in the agricultural sector. The study first time examined the linear and nonlinear correlations among variables. The areas where programming efforts are most likely to be successful can be more clearly identified by having a deeper grasp of the variables that influence students' decisions regarding their future professions in agriculture.
Ecosystem and fish commercializing in a rich-minerals, low-salinity and semi-arid closed lake
Authors: Abdelkarim Mohamad S. ,   2.	Dalia M. Belal,   3.	Nasser S. Flefil,   4.	Mahmoud H. Hegab,   5.	Abeer M. Mahmoud, Al-Afify Afify D.G. , Aly Walid , Ali Mohamed H.H.
Published: May 2023

This study aimed at representing some biological and chemical features of Bieda lake and discussing its fisheries opportunities. The water is well-oxygenated, rich with different nutrient salts. sodium and chloride values were lower than the equivalent surface seawater. The lake characterized by species richness of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Currently, two euryhaline cichlid species, Oreochromis aureus and Coptodon zillii, inhabited the lake. Their condition factors were 1.82 and 2.03, respectively. C. zillii was very low with slight mortality during summer. The high density and high nutritional plankton communities and the dense microphytobenthic diatoms film covered the lake sediment revealed that fishes inhabiting the lake is under their carrying capacity and introducing mullet’s species is very important. The well-oxygenated water, high plankton density, diatoms biofilms, and expected salinity change evidenced that translocation and culturing of the commercially M. cephalus or C. ramada in El Bieda Lake is very advised.
Inventing for Tomorrow: The State of the National Academy of Inventors
Authors: Sanberg Paul R.
Published: May 2023

The National Academy of Inventors (NAI) held the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the NAI in Phoenix, AZ, in June 2022. The event, whose theme was "Defining the Future: Inventing for Tomorrow," consisted of keynotes, panel discussions, induction ceremonies for Senior Members and new Fellows,
and a student showcase, all of which honored and empowered the world's brightest innovators and professionals by creating powerful connections between them and by generating the momentum that will enhance and transform our innovation ecosystem. In his State of the Academy address, Paul R.
Sanberg, president of the NAI, discussed the year's advances, including a new diversity initiative undertaken in partnership with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. He also provided updates on existing programs, such as the NAI Fellows program and the Chapter program, as well as
exciting new ventures like the new Sentinel Award.
Thermal behavior of borax, Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O
Authors: Nishiyasu Wataru , Kyono Atsushi
Published: May 2023

Globally, borax is one of the most important borate minerals, both industrially and from a technological viewpoint. Despite its importance, there have been only a few reports on the structural changes of borax upon heating. In this study, we have investigated the thermal behavior and structural characteristics of borax using thermal analysis, in situ high-temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction, in situ variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve showed a large endothermic peak at 349 K corresponding to the dehydration reaction of borax. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern remained almost unchanged up to 353 K. Above 363 K, the XRD peaks gradually became less intense until they disappeared at 403 K. The unit-cell volume continuously increased with increasing temperature and became constant just before its phase transition to tincalconite. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient between 113 and 323 K was 7.84 × 10–5 K–1. The a and c lattice parameters exhibited a slight increase trend with increasing temperature, whereas the b lattice parameter increased significantly. Therefore, the thermal expansibilities followed the order b/b0 >> c/c0 > a/a0. The increasing b lattice parameter was closely related to the elongation of the O4···H7B hydrogen-bond interaction along the b-axis. Na-O bond lengths were isotropically expanded with increasing temperature, whereas the B-O bond lengths and angles remained unchanged even after the phase transition to tincalconite. Molecular orbital calculations revealed that an electron cloud shared by two borate tetrahedra led to the formation of a large electron cloud distribution over the B4O5(OH)4 cluster. The intramolecular interactions with substantial covalent character made the cluster quite rigid. The existence of borate minerals containing the B4O5(OH)4 clusters in their structure evidenced the presence of moderately acidic or alkaline water, wherein the borate minerals grew via the incorporation of B4O5(OH)4 clusters. Our results indicate that the connection geometry of the fundamental building block consisting of Bφ3 triangles and Bφ4 tetrahedra (φ: O2–, OH–) can potentially be used as a palaeoenvironmental indicator.
Mortality among adults in the arctic macro-region: Dynamics, structure and features
Authors:   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Nakhimovskii Ave., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation, Revich B.А. , Khar'kova Т.L. ,   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Nakhimovskii Ave., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation,   The Institute of Demography of National Research University ‘Higher School of Economics’, 3 Bolshoi Trekhsvyatitelskii lane, Moscow, 109028, Russian Federation, Kvasha Е.А. ,   The Institute of Demography of National Research University ‘Higher School of Economics’, 3 Bolshoi Trekhsvyatitelskii lane, Moscow, 109028, Russian Federation
Published: May 2023

An expected increase in the number of workplaces in the Arctic macro-region will require a lot of available local workforce. However, currently the working age population is declining markedly there. Between 2014 and 2020, the population decreased everywhere, except the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Area; the decrease was the most apparent in the Arkhangelsk region, Murmansk region, and the Komi Republic. Fluctuations in the share of the working age population in the Arkhangelsk region and the Nenets Autonomous Area practically have the same dynamic as in the country as a whole (the decline equals 2–3 %). The greatest declines (5–7 %) were observed in the Magadan region, Chukotka, the Murmansk region and the Komi Republic. Mortality rates in the Arctic macro-region tend to be higher than the national average rate due to uncomfortable Arctic climate, long distances between the settlements and basic healthcare facilities, and some other reasons. A current decline in mortality among the working age population has not reached its national average level yet. The major causes of elevated mortality in the Arctic macro-region include ischemic heart disease (in Chukotka, the Arkhangelsk region and the Murmansk region); stroke (in Karelia and the Komi Republic); external causes including accidental alcohol poisoning (in Karelia, the Komi Republic, and the Arkhangelsk region). To protect health of the working age population, it is necessary to develop and implement regional programs aimed at reducing mortality due to the major causes, which differ from one region to another. These programs should consider the experience gained in the other Arctic regions. It is also necessary to implement more effective healthcare management systems. This includes development of specific models for various population groups with specific working conditions and lifestyle; development of private-public partnerships; making healthcare more available.
Efficacy of the Novel Formulation of Topical Liothyronine and
Liothyronine-insulin in Mild to Moderate Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A
Randomized, Triple-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Saghafi Fatemeh , Khalilzadeh Saeed Hossein , Ramezani Vahid , Pasandeh Fatemeh , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Sahebnasagh Adeleh
Published: May 2023

Background:

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the challenging complications
of chronic diabetes.

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate whether liothyronine (T3) and liothyronineinsulin
(T3/Ins) topical preparations could significantly reduce the healing time of DFU.

Methods:

A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, patient-blinded clinical trial
was conducted on patients with mild to moderate DFU, over a lesion area of no greater
than 100 cm2. The patients were randomized to receive T3, T3/Ins, or honey cream 10%
as the routine of care twice a day. Patients were examined for tissue healing weekly for 4
weeks, or until the total lesion clearance was observed, whichever was earlier.

Results:

Of 147 patients with DFUs, 78 patients (26 per group) completed the study and
were included in the final evaluation. At the time of study termination, all participants in
each of the T3 or T3/Ins groups were free of symptoms based on the REEDA score, while
about 40% of participants in the control group were detected with each of grades 1, 2, or
3. A significant difference was observed on days 7, 14, and 21 of consumption of topical
preparations (p-value < 0.001). The mean time to complete wound closure in the routine
care group was about 60.6 days, while it was 15.9 and 16.4 days in T3 and T3/Ins groups,
respectively. Within the T3 and T3/Ins groups, significant earlier wound closure was detected
at day 28 (p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion:

T3 or T3/Ins topical preparations are effective for wound healing and acceleration
of wound closure in mild to moderate DFUs.

Trial Registration:

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: IRCT201908100
44500N20, https://www.irct.ir/trial/ 46886, Registration date: 2021-08-22
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger) and its Bioactive Compounds in Diabetes:
A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies and Insight of Mechanism
of Action
Authors: Van Bao , Abdalla Ashraf N. , Algarni Alanood S. , Khalid Asaad , Zengin Gokhan , Aumeeruddy Muhammad Zakariyyah , Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi
Published: May 2023

Background:

Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger) belongs to the Zingiberaceae
family, which is renowned for its rich nutritional and phytochemical composition,
and has been validated for its anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties via in vitro,
in vivo, and clinical studies. Nonetheless, a comprehensive review of these pharmacological
studies, especially clinical studies, together with an analysis of the mechanism of action
of the bioactive compounds is still lacking. This review provided a comprehensive
and updated analysis of the anti-diabetic efficacy of Z. officinale and its compounds ginger
enone, gingerol, paradol, shogaol, and zingerone.

Methods:

The present systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines.
Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed were the main databases used for
retrieving information from inception to March 2022.

Results:

From the findings obtained, Z. officinale can be regarded as a therapeutic species
showing significant improvement in clinical studies on glycemic parameters (Fasting
blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and insulin resistance). In addition, the
bioactive compounds of Z. officinale act via several mechanisms as revealed by in vitro
and in vivo studies. Overall, these mechanisms were by increasing glucose-stimulated insulin
secretion, sensitising insulin receptors and raising glucose uptake, translocation of
GLUT4, inhibition of advanced glycation end product-induced increase of reactive oxygen
species, regulation of hepatic gene expression of enzymes associated with glucose
metabolism, regulation of the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, amelioration of the
pathological injuries of kidneys, protective effect on the morphology of β-cells as well as
its antioxidant mechanisms, among others.

Conclusion:

Z. officinale and its bioactive compounds displayed promising results in in
vitro and in vivo systems, nevertheless, it is highly recommended that human trials be
conducted on these compounds since clinical studies are the core of medical research and
considered the final stages of the drug development process.
Influence of Renin-angiotensin System Inhibitors on the Treatment of
Metastatic Renal Cancer
Authors: Saeedi Nikoo , Mansoori Saeide , Asgharzadeh Fereshteh , Soleimani Atena , Mollazadeh Samaneh , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi
Published: May 2023

Background:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers
(ARB) are mainly known as anti-hypertensive drugs. Recent evidence suggests their anti-tumor potential
against renal cancer. More than one-fourth of patients present with metastasis on their first visit.

Objective:

The purpose of the current study was to examine the potential clinical impact of ACEI/ARB on metastatic
renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods:

We searched through several online databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase,
to find clinical studies that have investigated the association between treatment with ACEI/ARB and the
survival of patients with mRCC. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were utilized to
assess the strength of the association.

Results:

A total of 6 studies with a total number of 2,364 patients were found eligible for the final analysis. The
HR for the relationship between ACEI/ARB use and overall survival (OS) showed patients undergoing treatment
with ACEI/ARB to have higher OS than non-users (HR: 0.664, 95% CI 0.577-0.764, p = 0.000). Furthermore,
the HR for the relationship between ACEI/ARB use and progression-free survival (PFS) showed patients
undergoing treatment with ACEI/ARB to have higher PFS than non-users (HR: 0.734, 95% CI 0.695-0.794, p =
0.000).

Conclusion:

The results of this review offer ACEI/ARB as a potential therapeutic option associated with improved
survival outcomes in patients receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.
Biomedical Application of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives: A Comprehensive
Review
Authors: Kankariya Yash , Chatterjee Bappaditya
Published: May 2023

Chitosan (CS) is a widely known naturally occurring polysaccharide made of chitin. The Low solubility
of chitosan in water restricts its use in medical applications. However, several chemical modifications
have made chitosan superior in solubility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, stability, and easy functionalization
ability. All these favourable properties have increased chitosan’s application in drug delivery and biomedical
fields. Chitosan-based nanoparticles or biodegradable controlled-release systems are of great interest to scientists.
Layer -by-layer technique is employed to develop hybrid chitosan composites. Such modified chitosan
is widely used in wound healing and several tissue engineering approaches. This review brings together the potential
of chitosan and its modified form in biomedical applications.
Regioselective Functionalization of the para-Positions at the Calix[4]arene Upper Rim
Authors: Yesypenko Oleksandr A. , Trybrat Oleksandr O. , Karpichev Yevgen A. , I. Kalchenko Vitaly
Published: May 2023

This review summarized and systematized the currently known methods of substituting phenolic fragments of calix[4]arenes in the para-position, mainly focusing on the conditions of regioselective carrying out such processes. The reactions of the further transformation of the inserted functional groups, which allows the expansion of the family of para-substituted calixarenes, are also considered. These reactions can be used in the synthesis of inherently chiral calix[4]arenes with asymmetric substitution on the upper rim.
State-of-the-art Application of Artificial Intelligence to Transporter-centered
Functional and Pharmaceutical Research
Authors: Yin Jiayi , You Nanxin , Li Fengcheng , Lu Mingkun , Zeng Su , Zhu Feng
Published: May 2023

Protein transporters not only have essential functions in regulating the transport of endogenous substrates
and remote communication between organs and organisms, but they also play a vital role in drug absorption, distribution,
and excretion and are recognized as major determinants of drug safety and efficacy. Understanding transporter
function is important for drug development and clarifying disease mechanisms. However, the experimental-based
functional research on transporters has been challenged and hinged by the expensive cost of time and resources. With
the increasing volume of relevant omics datasets and the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques,
next-generation AI is becoming increasingly prevalent in the functional and pharmaceutical research of transporters.
Thus, a comprehensive discussion on the state-of-the-art application of AI in three cutting-edge directions was provided
in this review, which included (a) transporter classification and function annotation, (b) structure discovery of
membrane transporters, and (c) drug-transporter interaction prediction. This study provides a panoramic view of AI
algorithms and tools applied to the field of transporters. It is expected to guide a better understanding and utilization
of AI techniques for in-depth studies of transporter-centered functional and pharmaceutical research.
Longitudinal Assessment of Virological Failure and Antiretroviral Drug
Resistance among Treatment-naive Subjects Living with HIV
Authors: Mendes Marcon Chaiana Esmeraldino , Schlindwein Aline Daiane , Schuelter-Trevisol Fabiana
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the etiological agent of
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a serious public health issue. Therapeutic
measures have been successful in increasing the survival and improving the quality of life.
However, some treatment-naive subjects living with HIV present resistance-associated mutations as
a result of late diagnosis and/or mutant strain infections. The objective of this study was to identify
the virus genotype and assess the antiretroviral resistance profile based on the results of HIV
genotyping in treatment-naive subjects living with HIV, after six months of taking antiretroviral
therapy.

Methods:

This was a prospective cohort study on treatment-naive adults living with HIV attending a
specialized outpatient clinic in southern Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The participants were interviewed
and had blood samples drawn. The genotypic antiretroviral drug resistance profile was examined
in patients with detectable viral loads.

Results:

65 treatment-naive subjects living with HIV were recruited for this study. After six months
of taking antiretroviral therapy, resistance-associated mutations were observed in 3 (4.6%) subjects
living with HIV.

Conclusion:

Subtype C was identified as the circulating subtype in southern Santa Catarina State,
and L10V, K103N, A98G, and Y179D were the most common mutations found in treatment-naive
subjects.
A Comparative Study of Using Poly (D, L, Lactide-co-Glycolic Acid) and Chitosan Nanoparticle as Vaccine Delivery System for a Recombinant Fusion Protein of Newcastle Disease Virus
Authors: Vijayarani Kanagaraj , Arul Sundaram , Kumanan Kathaperumal
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

The more effective method of preventing many infectious diseases is vaccination.
Numerous infectious diseases that affect both humans and animals have significantly decreased as a
result of routine immunization.

Aim:

The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of in-house built chitosan and Polylactide coglycolic
acid (PLGA) nanoparticles coupled with Pichia pastoris expressed immunogenic fusion (F) protein
of Newcastle disease (ND).

Objectives:

Synthesis of biodegradable nanoparticles such as PLGA and chitosan offers a promising opportunity
as a vaccine delivery system.

Methods:

Chitosan nanoparticles and PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelation, and double
emulsion solvent evaporation, respectively, and the size was 38.6± 0.84 nm and 320 ±1.5nm, respectively.
They demonstrated good epitope integrity of recombinant fusion protein and in vitro release kinetics
studies have proved consistent release profile of protein

Results:

In vivo pathogenicity assay of separately injected nanoparticles has proved no abnormal signs
and mortality in chickens. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were vaccinated with chitosan and PLGA
nanoparticles and a recombinant fusion protein of the ND virus. It was demonstrated that PLGA nanoparticles
coupled with a fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus conferred a marginally better immune
response than chitosan nanoparticles. Comparative study-based results showed that PLGA-based nanoparticles
proved a better vaccine delivery vehicle and generated an effective immune response without needing
further adjuvants.

Conclusion:

The present study is a scientific platform for developing the PLGA-based vaccine delivery
vehicle to improve immune responses against many infectious diseases.
Toxin-antitoxin Genes Expression in Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Isolates under Drug Exposure
Authors: Khosravi Azar Dokht , Savari Mohammad , Khoshnood Saeed , Shahi Fatemeh , Farshadzadeh Zahra
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Toxin–antitoxin systems (TAs) are highly conserved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb). The TAs role in maintaining and disseminating drug resistance in bacterial populations
has been indicated. So, we aimed to analyze the expression level of MazEF-related genes in drugsusceptible
and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mtb isolates under isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF)
stress.

Methods:

We obtained 23 Mtb isolates, including 18 MDR and 5 susceptible isolates, from the Ahvaz
Regional TB Laboratory collection. The expression levels of mazF3, mazF6, and mazF9 toxin genes,
and mazE3, mazE6, and mazE9 antitoxin genes in MDR and susceptible isolates were evaluated by
quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) after exposure to RIF and INH.

Results:

The mazF3, F6, and F9 toxin genes were overexpressed in at least two MDR isolates in the
presence of RIF and INH, in contrast to mazE antitoxin genes. More MDR isolates were induced to
overexpress mazF genes by RIF than INH (72.2% vs. 50%). Compared to the H37Rv strain and susceptible
isolates, the expression levels of mazF3,6 by RIF and mazF3,6,9 by INH were significantly
upregulated in MDR isolates (p<0.05), but no remarkable difference was detected in the expression
level of mazF9 genes by INH between these groups. In susceptible isolates, the expression levels of
mazE3,6 by RIF and mazE3,6,9 by INH were induced and enhanced significantly compared to MDR
isolates, but there was no difference between MDR and H37Rv strain.

Conclusion:

Based on the results, we propose that mazF expression under RIF/INH stress may be
associated with drug resistance in Mtb in addition to mutations, and the mazE antitoxins may be related
to enhanced susceptibility of Mtb to INH and RIF. Further experiments are needed to investigate the
exact mechanism underlying the TA system's role in drug resistance.