bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The BSP’s journey towards a progressive monetary policy framework
Authors: Glindro Eloisa , Oliva Marites
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the evolution of monetary policy framework in the country. It starts the journey with the establishment of the central bank after the Second World War, when there was still no active monetary policy as the country operated on a fixed exchange rate system and supply-led credit programs. The paper describes the challenges with the implementation of monetary policy reforms in the 1980s, particularly the shift to a “managed float” exchange rate system and the adoption of monetary aggregate targeting framework in the context of deregulation and liberalization. It further discusses the development of monetary policy framework and operations, following the creation of an independent Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) in 1993, with the primary mandate of maintaining price stability. It provides a narrative on how the monetary aggregate targeting framework was modified to its eventual shift to an inflation targeting (IT) framework. It highlights the relative success of IT and discusses the innovative approaches undertaken by the BSP to further enhance liquidity management. Moving forward, the BSP’s monetary policy framework and operations will likely continue evolving and serving as steady anchors of macroeconomic stabilization. This will be guided by foresight, commitment to action and helpful lessons from the past, in the context of increased uncertainty.
prevención del abuso sexual infanto juvenil en contexto eclesial
Authors: Sanhueza Estay Raquel
Published: November 2021

Este artículo realizado mediante análisis bibliográfico muestra los programas y estrategias socioeducativos para la prevención del abuso sexual. Se revisa el marco regulatorio nacional y las directrices eclesiales para la prevención, con cifras que ilustran la prevalencia de este fenómeno a nivel nacional. Tiene por objetivo aproximarse a conocer la forma en que se canaliza la prevención de ASI en contextos eclesiales, particularmente los programas de prevención que ha implementado la Iglesia a partir de 2011, y aporta recomendaciones respecto de estos en ambientes eclesiales.
Se presentan antecedentes de estrategias de prevención de programas y referentes teórico-conceptuales asociados a la prevención, enfoques y modelos, entendiendo que prevenir supone reducir los factores de riesgo y aumentar los factores de protección. Concluye que urgen programas de educación afectivo-sexual, dirigidos a niños desde la edad preescolar para la prevención en contextos eclesiales, cuyos contenidos, metodología y didáctica se orienten específicamente a estos destinatarios, y adecuados para que docentes, catequistas de colegios y parroquias aborden la educación en prevención del abuso sexual, tema pastoral que debe contar con la formación y la información adecuada para generar ambientes sanos y seguros en contextos pastorales.
Se recomienda la inclusión de dispositivos de evaluaciones de proceso y evaluaciones de impacto.
NIDA’s Funding Policies Contribute to Racial Biases in the Treatment of Drug Use
Authors: Bushana Priyanka , Cook Emma
Published: November 2021

The electric grid plays a crucial role in the functioning of American households, schools, businesses, and health facilities, as well as national security. Action is needed to address the vulnerability of the grid to natural disasters, which are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. States that are particularly under threat include those in the Southeast, such as Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida, where hurricanes and severe storms can be especially destructive. States in this region also typically rely on natural gas as a primary source of energy, which upholds a centralized grid structure that is more susceptible to widespread power outages than a distributed structure. Power outages, which disproportionately impact low-income communities, can be detrimental to health and safety during a natural disaster by severing access to communication and necessary medical equipment. Using Louisiana as a case study, we recommend one policy through which the state can transition to a more distributed structure; the Louisiana Public Service Commission should revise the 2019 legislation that financially disincentivizes customers to install solar panels, and instead expand the benefits for these customers. This change will increase the proliferation of solar energy, which can serve as power sources in a distributed grid. Solar panels, coupled with battery storage, can reduce the likelihood of power outages during extreme weather events. Expanding the use of renewable energy in Louisiana could encourage other states in the region to also make this shift, serving as a model for stronger climate adaptation across the country.
Unsafe at Low Levels: Adopt a Federal MCL for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane in United States’ Drinking Water
Authors: Hauptman B. Hope , Naughton Colleen
Published: November 2021

1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) is a toxic, man-made chemical used widely in agricultural and other contexts from the 1940s to the 1980s. TCP has settled into the groundwater supplies nearly everywhere it was used. In 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) included TCP on the Third Contaminant Candidate list (CCL3) and listed the safe oral reference dose (RfD) for TCP at 0.004 milligrams per kilogram per day. Since then, we have learned that the scope of the TCP contamination problem is greater than first understood. At least 13 states and one territory have contaminated wells. Animal studies show that TCP is a potent carcinogen, and toxicology studies suggest that TCP is unsafe at levels at and above its 5 ppt detection limit. Three states, California, Hawaii, and New Jersey have adopted enforceable maximum contaminant levels of TCP in groundwater. As other states become aware of contamination levels, it is likely that some of them will also regulate TCP, but that could take many years. Federal legislation could mandate EPA advisories sooner than state legislation. The EPA has used the detection limit as the maximum for at least one other chemical, 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), a common co-contaminant of TCP. We recommend that the EPA adopt TCP’s lowest detection level, 5 ppt, as the federal maximum contaminant level
Incorporating Graduate-level Internships to Strengthen the STEM Workforce and Trainee Career Prospects
Authors: Martínez-Orengo Neysha , Smith Mallory , Whitaker D. Thad , Castro-Faix Moraima
Published: November 2021

The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields in the United States are currently facing a crisis: graduate programs are not adequately preparing all trainees for the diverse career paths on which they embark. Over recent years, this problem has intensified as the number of Ph.D. holders increased and academic research jobs stagnated or shrunk. Still, most STEM doctoral programs have maintained the singular focus on training students for academic careers at a cost to the individual’s career, society, and the economy. Universities and graduate institutions must adapt to meet the increasing demand for STEM laborers in non-academic sectors and provide relevant and robust training to their students. We propose amending the STEM Opportunities Act of 2019 to incentivize institutions to integrate experiential learning and expand training services. Provided diverse career-training, highly-skilled Ph.D. graduates will more efficiently enter and fill the STEM workforce, stimulating the U.S. economy. Addressed to: The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, United States House of Representatives; and the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
Expanding State Research Capacity in Child Welfare: The Need for State Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)
Authors: Wilson Elisabeth , Hendley Heather , Russell Rachel , Kestian Heather , Stigdon Terry
Published: November 2021

In 2018, funding for child welfare programs drastically changed under the Bipartisan Budget Act: Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA). To pull Title IV-E funding for prevention programs, all states must evaluate outcomes of children and families involved in child welfare. To meet these guidelines, state agencies need research structures, including internal Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). IRBs allow state governments to conduct ethical research, and expand research within the discipline. As researchers pursue careers outside of academia, these structures are pivotal and lead to policy contributions and knowledge in the discipline. This study evaluates the following in all 50 US states: How many states have internal IRBs? How many states have IRBs that are accessible to the state’s child welfare agency? How have states set-up internal IRBs to function within a government context? The analysis found 34 states have at least one federally registered IRB of which 31 appear active within the state. However, only 11 of the 31 states have an IRB accessible to child welfare departments. These 11 states provide a blueprint for how to establish and maintain an IRB that supports child welfare agencies. Three distinct set ups emerged: holistic multi-department IRB, singular department/agency IRB, or those governed by an inter-agency sharing agreement. These findings show multiple states use an internal IRB to support state researchers. However, these IRBs are not currently accessible to the child welfare agency. For agencies to meet the requirements of FFPSA, IRBs must be expanded to the child welfare agency or built within the state.
A Search for Planetary Metastable Helium Absorption in the V1298 Tau System
Authors: Vissapragada Shreyas , Stefánsson Gudmundur , Greklek-McKeon Michael , Oklopčić Antonija , Knutson Heather A. , Ninan Joe P. , Mahadevan Suvrath , Cañas Caleb I. , Chachan Yayaati , Cochran William D. , Collins Karen A. , Dai Fei , David Trevor J. , Halverson Samuel , Hawley Suzanne L. , Hebb Leslie , Kanodia Shubham , Kowalski Adam F. , Livingston John H. , Maney Marissa , Metcalf Andrew J. , Morley Caroline , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Spake Jessica , Schwab Christian , Terrien Ryan C. , Tinyanont Samaporn , Vasisht Gautam , Wisniewski John
Published: November 2021

Early in their lives, planets endure extreme amounts of ionizing radiation from their host stars. For planets with primordial hydrogen and helium-rich envelopes, this can lead to substantial mass loss. Direct observations of atmospheric escape in young planetary systems can help elucidate this critical stage of planetary evolution. In this work, we search for metastable helium absorption—a tracer of tenuous gas in escaping atmospheres—during transits of three planets orbiting the young solar analog V1298 Tau. We characterize the stellar helium line using HET/HPF, and find that it evolves substantially on timescales of days to months. The line is stable on hour-long timescales except for one set of spectra taken during the decay phase of a stellar flare, where absoprtion increased with time. Utilizing a beam-shaping diffuser and a narrowband filter centered on the helium feature, we observe four transits with Palomar/WIRC: two partial transits of planet d (P = 12.4 days), one partial transit of planet b (P = 24.1 days), and one full transit of planet c (P = 8.2 days). We do not detect the transit of planet c, and we find no evidence of excess absorption for planet b, with ΔR
b/R
⋆ < 0.019 in our bandpass. We find a tentative absorption signal for planet d with ΔR
d/R
⋆ = 0.0205 ± 0.054, but the best-fit model requires a substantial (−100 ± 14 minutes) transit-timing offset on a two-month timescale. Nevertheless, our data suggest that V1298 Tau d may have a high present-day mass-loss rate, making it a priority target for follow-up observations.
Mass and Shape Determination of (101955) Bennu Using Differenced Data from Multiple OSIRIS-REx Mission Phases
Authors: Goossens Sander , Rowlands David D. , Mazarico Erwan , Liounis Andrew J. , Small Jeffrey L. , Highsmith Dolan E. , Swenson Jason C. , Lyzhoft Joshua R. , Ashman Benjamin W. , Getzandanner Kenneth M. , Leonard Jason M. , Geeraert Jeroen L. , Adam Coralie D. , Antreasian Peter G. , Barnouin Olivier S. , Daly Michael G. , Seabrook Jeffrey A. , Lauretta Dante S.
Published: November 2021

The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission collected a sample from the rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu for return to Earth. For the successful Touch And Go sample acquisition maneuver, the shape and mass of the asteroid needed to be known precisely. Here we use a combination of radiometric, image landmark, and laser altimetry data to determine Bennu’s mass, shape, and orientation simultaneously and to verify existing models thereof. Our shape determination consists of estimating a scale factor and three frame rotation angles that apply to both the global digital terrain model (GDTM) and the landmark coordinates. We use a data type called image constraints, where we take the difference of the observation of the same landmark in images taken at two different times. We analyze data from two phases of the OSIRIS-REx mission, Orbital B and Recon B, and show that interphase image constraints greatly reduce interdependencies between estimated parameters for mass, GDTM scale, and biases on the altimetry data. This results in an improved solution for the mass and shape relative to considering a single mission phase. We find Bennu’s gravitational parameter GM to be 4.89256 ± 0.00035 m3 s−2, and we find a scale factor of 1.000896 ± 0.00036 for the altimetry-based GDTM. Using the scaled volume, this results in a bulk density of 1191.57 ± 1.74 kg m−3 , which is within the uncertainties of previous analyses but more precise.
R U OK?
Authors: Jones-Schenk Jan
Published: November 2021

Recently, some high-profile athletes and other celebrities have raised the visibility and public discussion of issues of mental health. The dialogue about mental health and the most extreme effect of depression, increased suicide rates, is needed now more than ever. The level of moral distress that our health care workers are experiencing in this recent spike of corona-virus disease (COVID-19) infection is taking an incredible social, emotional, and professional toll. Some describe their experience as post-traumatic stress disorder, and others report experiencing numbness, fog, despair, and hopelessness. The intervention discussed here, R U OK?, is gaining traction on social media as a way that everyone can engage to help to address the effects on individuals.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(11):500–501.]
Implementation and Assessment of a Urology Education Curriculum for Nursing Residents
Authors: Ingram Amanda , Bellows Fara , McKisson Emily , Kaufman Lily , Scimeca Alicia , Diab Dinah , Khuhro Aliza , Jaso Anna , Sampson Marlene , Posid Tasha
Published: November 2021

Background:

Urethral catheter placement is a common hospital procedure, and the urology service is often consulted for difficult catheterizations. Simulation-based education is used to improve procedural proficiency and could be used to increase confidence and comfort with difficult catheter placement. This study provides simulation-based education to help new nursing residents learn to perform independent Foley catheter placement and maintenance.

Method:

All incoming nursing residents at our institution prospectively participated in this curriculum beginning in January 2020 (
n
= 291). Participants watched an instructional video and participated in a hands-on simulation.

Results:

Nursing trainees rated pre- to post-curriculum gains in content knowledge (
p
< .001) and confidence (
p
< .001). Participants reported that the curriculum increased their understanding of the procedure (
p
< .001) and that they would recommend it to peers (
p
< .001).

Conclusion:

This educational initiative is a partnership between the Department of Urology and Department of Nursing to introduce and reinforce best practices for the care of patients who need Foley catheter placement and maintenance.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(11):511–516.]
Classification of gastric emptying and orocaecal transit through artificial neural networks
Authors: Bezerra Anibal Thiago ,   Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas-MG (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas-MG 37133-840, Brazil, Pinto Leonardo Antonio , Rodrigues Diego Samuel , Bittencourt Gabriela Nogueira , de Arruda Mancera Paulo Fernando , de Arruda Miranda José Ricardo ,   Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu-SP 18618-689, Brazil,   School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira-SP 13484-332, Brazil
Published: November 2021

Classical quantification of gastric emptying (GE) and orocaecal transit (OCT) based on half-life time T$ _{50} $, mean gastric emptying time (MGET), orocaecal transit time (OCTT) or mean caecum arrival time (MCAT) can lead to misconceptions when analyzing irregularly or noisy data. We show that this is the case for gastrointestinal transit of control and of diabetic rats. Addressing this limitation, we present an artificial neural network (ANN) as an alternative tool capable of discriminating between control and diabetic rats through GE and OCT analysis. Our data were obtained via biological experiments using the alternate current biosusceptometry (ACB) method. The GE results are quantified by T$ _{50} $ and MGET, while the OCT is quantified by OCTT and MCAT. Other than these classical metrics, we employ a supervised training to classify between control and diabetes groups, accessing sensitivity, specificity, $ f_1 $ score, and AUROC from the ANN. For GE, the ANN sensitivity is 88%, its specificity is 83%, and its $ f_1 $ score is 88%. For OCT, the ANN sensitivity is 100%, its specificity is 75%, and its $ f_1 $ score is 85%. The area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) from both GE and OCT data is about 0.9 in both training and validation, while the AUCs for classical metrics are 0.8 or less. These results show that the supervised training and the binary classification of the ANN was successful. Classical metrics based on statistical moments and ROC curve analyses led to contradictions, but our ANN performs as a reliable tool to evaluate the complete profile of the curves, leading to a classification of similar curves that are barely distinguished using statistical moments or ROC curves. The reported ANN provides an alert that the use of classical metrics can lead to physiological misunderstandings in gastrointestinal transit processes. This ANN capability of discriminating diseases in GE and OCT processes can be further explored and tested in other applications.
Teacher Perceptions About the Incorporation of Mobile Devices in a Costa Rican Secondary School
Authors: Montenegro Ana Marcela
Published: November 2021

Despite many studies researching the increased use and potential effectiveness of mobile devices in secondary education (high school) classrooms, less research has examined teachers' perceptions around such use. Accordingly, this qualitative (phenomenological) study used semi-structured interviews to explore 10 secondary teachers' perceptions around the use of mobile devices in Costa Rican classrooms. Utilizing an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach to analyze the data of participants' experiences, results from this study found (1) that Costa Rican secondary teachers had mixed perceptions about using mobile devices for the teaching and learning process and (2) that mobile devices seem a “double edge sword,” which, if not used appropriately in the classroom, can be more detrimental than beneficial for students' learning processes.
Using Digital Technologies to Remotely Observe and Mentor Teachers
Authors: Hollas Tori , Lane Mae , Coyne Jaime , Ellis Christina
Published: November 2021

Using digital technologies to remotely observe and mentor teachers is a relatively new practice. Thus, many states, schools, and districts do not have policies in place that explicitly allow this practice, and, in some instances, policies are in place that explicitly prohibit the use of these technologies. This chapter provides an analysis of the traditional approach to mentorship, support, and feedback, and highlights new challenges with in-person mentorship, support, and feedback amid the COVID-19 pandemic. As with many aspects of current newly adapted world, the teaching profession has become increasingly reliant on using digital technologies to remotely observe and mentor teachers. The chapter provides a literature review of best practices in observation, mentorship, and feedback. It also shows that limited data are available to facilitate the use of digital technologies and provide novice and in-service teacher support in order to allow for a positive novice teacher induction experience.
Achieving the Stakeholders Equilibrium in Vocational Education for the Digital Economy
Authors: Zakharova Ulyana , Grachev Peter
Published: November 2021

This chapter is aimed at searching for a sophisticated equilibrium in vocational education in the digital economy times between its key stakeholders or, in other words, its gear wheels, which are the government, enterprise, university, and the people. The authors focus on the programs designed in the light of the digital economy. As emerging economies face bigger challenges, the chapter is about such countries, in particular about Russia as one of them which has a big state's stake. First, the chapter lays the groundwork to the instrumentalist vision of education for the stakeholders' relations and covers a historical background to the political economy in Russia. Secondly, the authors discuss the CVET key stakeholders' motives, capacities, and barriers. The authors demonstrate the spots where these wheels mismatch. Third, online learning is presented as a possible solution for at least some of the mismatches, such as the lack of the specialists and practice-based constituents in the learning program, the system bureaucracy, obsolete teaching approach, and rigid learning trajectories.
Investigation of Higher Education Student Perceptions of Social Presence and Motivations in Online Learning Environments
Authors: Çoban Murat
Published: November 2021

This chapter determines the social presence perceptions and motivation levels of higher education students participating in the online learning environment and reveals the possible causes that affect these variables. According to the findings obtained from the study in which the explanatory design was used among the mixed research methods, it was concluded that the social presence perceptions of the participants were lower compared to their motivation. Besides, it was found out that there is a positive relationship between social presence and motivation variables. According to the qualitative findings, the majority of the participants stated that they were not satisfied with distance education, encountered technical and hardware problems, and the online learning environment was not effective enough in the context of communication and interaction. The research results contribute to the literature in terms of the effectiveness of online learning environments.
Versatile Padlet
Authors: Silas Irene
Published: November 2021

Educational technology supports student learning in many ways through a variety of tools. Padlet is a versatile platform that can transform an on-ground or virtual classroom into a fun collaborative environment where the instructor and students are collaborators. This chapter provides a review of literature on the use of educational technology and Padlet as facilitators of student engagement, collaboration, and peer feedback. The author explains the way the platform works and shares some lesson plans as examples of the versatility of this educational tool. The purpose of this chapter is to extend the knowledge to the practitioners in the field of English as a Second or Foreign Language.
Q Methodology
Authors: A. Damar Ebru , Sali Pinar
Published: November 2021

Q methodology is a research method that focuses systematically on people's internal and subjective viewpoints. Since its introduction as an alternative form of data collection and analysis, Q methodology has been utilized in various fields of study. However, although its use would enable an enriched understanding of individuals' subjective accounts of reality, it has not been fully exploited yet, and the use of it is still in its infancy. Thus, sparked off by the scarcity of interest in the use of Q methodology, this chapter attempts to provide an overview of this research method with a specific reference to what it is and how it is implemented. The chapter concludes with an example of a recent Q study for illustrative purposes. It is believed that this account is of relevance for researchers in various fields of study with its focus on Q methodology, which is an underutilized but a valuable tool to gain deeper insights into subjective realities experienced by individuals.
Distance Education Experiences of First-Year Undergraduate Students
Authors: Alkış Küçükaydın Menşure
Published: November 2021

In this study, interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA), one of the forms of analysis of phenomenology included in qualitative research paradigms, is introduced. First, the chapter emphasized what the phenomenology pattern is as well as the history and basic philosophy of phenomenology. Afterward, the phenomenological approaches will be mentioned, and a comparison of the related approaches shall be presented. The aim of this study and the research questions were shaped by including an exemplary phenomenon in the basic framework. In order to find answers to the relevant research questions, the method of the study, the participant selection, and the data collection process, ensuring validity and reliability and the issues to be considered in the interpretation of the data were discussed. The analysis process of the data collected through a sample data collection tool was explained. The results obtained through IPA were combined under themes. In this way, a model was developed in the study. In this study, important explanations about the use of IPA for researchers were given.
Critical Discourse Analysis as an Instrument to Enhance Social Justice Among Teenage Mothers
Authors: Mudau Tshimangadzo Selina , Sybing Roehl
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to present how critical discourse analysis was used to enhance social justice among teenaged mothers. Critical discourse analysis was used to promote critical dialogue between the socially legitimate structures and the marginalized teenaged mothers to deconstruct text and discourses that perpetuate social injustice. The study is anchored on community engagement. Data was generated with seven teenaged mothers, parents, and community leaders. Individual interviews, focus group discussions, and reflections were used to generate data with co-researchers. The study found that when teenaged mothers are exposed to social marginalization, they are denied the needed support in the development of personal, cultural, and social skills. Through critical dialogue, social text and discourses were deconstructed to co-create contextual and shared meaning leading to social justice for the marginalized teenaged mothers. The study concludes that critical discourse analysis is most appropriate in studies with youth or marginalized groups.
Unravelling the Web of Qualitative Dissertation Writing!
Authors: Akella Nirupama R.
Published: November 2021

This chapter, written in the first person, uses the research method of autoethnography to identify, explore, and discuss six key elements essential for writing a qualitative dissertation in a social science discipline. The author bases her autoethnographic account of reflections, dialogue, and theory within a conceptual framework of critical literacy and a grounded theory analytical approach to detail six foundational elements of qualitative dissertation writing which must be present in the doctoral student's arsenal before beginning to write the dissertation and/or draft. The chapter attempts to solve a dilemma of paucity of empirical research by doctoral students/candidates about how to write qualitative dissertations. The purpose of the chapter is to showcase and unravel the dissertation writing web from a doctoral student/candidate's active learning experience and perspective.
Pedagogical Creativity as a Means of Inclusion in Primary School
Authors: Lombardi Gaia
Published: November 2021

This chapter presents some creative pedagogical strategies used during the distance or remote learning period due to the COVID-19 pandemic from March to May 2020. The chapter explores the use of coding in a transdisciplinary way. Strategies for online tools and their specific use both in remote and in face-to-face learning are presented. The role of hands-on learning as a process of learning-by-doing and how to involve pupils using the methods of a flipped classroom are also presented. The chapter concludes with the importance of games to keep the class group united and cohesive in order to develop a healthy sense of competitiveness and collaboration among the pupils.
Socially Engaged Art as Creative Pedagogy in Educational Spaces
Authors: Flemington Maria-Lisa
Published: November 2021

This chapter looks at socially engaged art to realize and explore pedagogical creativity. Socially engaged art is interested in creating art that can be viewed as a process to navigate a deeper understanding of individuals and society. As this process relates to pedagogical creativity, the social practice artist is engaging the participant in a creative activity or process that often calls for a reflective notion. The essential shift socially engaged practice offers is a variant on the reflective process from self to a community, social, and collective reflective practice. This process of engaging with the community is critical for gaining community participant input to direct the practice. When applied to educators, teaching through a social practice lens can offer students a culturally responsive curriculum. Remote and virtual experiences can offer diverse opportunities for creativity, engagement, and discourse.
Math Anxiety in Math Methods Courses
Authors: Orozco Socorro
Published: November 2021

Many elements contribute to pre-service teachers' experiences in learning to teach mathematics. The transition to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has forced educators to challenge traditional math instruction. This chapter presents three major contributing elements in pre-service teacher preparation to foster creativity as a central component and an inevitable outcome of learning to teach mathematics with particular applications to online learning settings. The first section discusses learning to teach math as a creative activity. Some concrete instructional strategies are offered that promote dialogue-rich learning environments. The second section reviews current trends in learning to teach math. The author posits pre-service teachers who have suffered traumatic experiences in learning mathematics must first acquire tools for clearing math anxiety and fear. The third section is a call to action to encourage teachers to participate in and construct learning communities to teach mathematics including the use of instructional technology to support online instruction.
Creative Pedagogy in the Elementary Classroom During Virtual Learning
Authors: Uy Vanessa A.
Published: November 2021

Teaching during a pandemic has been a challenge. There were so many unknowns and much confusion. Many teachers around the globe asked themselves, “How will I engage students?” “Will I be able to build a community of learners?” “Where do I even begin?” One approach is using creative pedagogy to engage students to explore, problem solve, and promote social interactions with fourth grade students. This chapter will provide insights on how to captivate elementary school students during virtual learning.
Financial Inclusion, P2P Lending, and MSMEs
Authors: Tambunan Tulus
Published: November 2021

In Indonesia after the Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998, wide reforms were carried out, and “inclusive” economic development were adopted. One component of inclusive economic development is “financial inclusion.” This implies an absence of barriers that might deter micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) from obtaining financial services. However, the portion of bank credit received by MSMEs is still small. Therefore, financial technology (FinTech) is welcome as an alternative source of funding for MSMEs. This chapter discusses three related issues, namely financial inclusion, MSMEs, and P2P lending. It concludes that Indonesia still has a long way to go to achieve full financial inclusion. This chapter suggests that with the presence of P2P lending, the number of MSMEs, especially MSEs, in Indonesia that have access to formal financing will increase. Even though aggregate data are not available, the interviews with a small number of owners of MSEs who received P2P loans suggest that the presence of P2P lending companies give some benefits for MSEs.
Dealing With COVID-19 Through Employee Stock Ownership Plans
Authors: Aubert Nicolas , Cordova Miguel
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, the authors argue that far from the shocking decision of firing employees to leverage their short-term liquidity, organizations may draw other innovative options such as giving company shares to their employees. Employee stock ownership (ESO) plans have the potential to secure financial liquidity for firms while simultaneously providing social inclusion as well as empowerment to people, relating their efforts directly to firms' performance and driving the economic system into a shared capitalism. However, while companies may be solving their financial constraints through ESO, the authors identified a trade-off related to the traditional position of hegemony of firms. They argue that the decision to share the risk through paying wages using firms' stock options derives in a progressive detriment of power and control that some organizations would not be willing to suffer.
Analysis of the Impact of Employee Share Ownership on the Quality of Governance
Authors: Nejjar Wafae Nada
Published: November 2021

This research assesses the “positive or negative” effects of employee share ownership on good governance in Morocco. It focuses on a lagging but constantly evolving phenomenon in Morocco due, on the one hand, to the lack of awareness of its positive effects on both individual and organizational performance and, on the other hand, on the significant delay in Moroccan legislation regarding this subject. The authors propose an index to measure good governance that they use in order to test research hypotheses. The quantitative study examines all companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange over an observation period from 2015 to 2020. Through this research, the authors demonstrate the favorable effects of employee share ownership on good governance.
COVID-19 and the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Gul Misra Cagla , Susanli Zehra Bilgen
Published: November 2021

The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the ensuing public health policy measures to contain its spread have inevitably had profound effects on businesses throughout the world. While the pandemic has impacted every industry in all countries, hospitality is clearly the worst hit. This chapter explores the impact of the pandemic on the hospitality industry by focusing on accommodation and food service businesses in Turkey. By looking at government policies and changes in business activities in these sectors in response to the crisis, the authors discuss the measures policymakers and firms can take to mitigate the devastating impacts of the pandemic. Findings suggest that focusing on creating novel products and processes, collaboration and open innovation, informational and corporate advertising, as well as investment in quality and health security measures and trust building via communication are effective in moving forward with the new normal.
Social Media Marketing of Brands in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tosun Petek
Published: November 2021

This chapter explores the social media marketing communication of brands in the first days of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak within the theoretical framework provided by signaling theory. The social media content of six Turkish brands was examined by content analysis. The findings have shown that brands shared posts in four themes: brand promotion, brand's COVID-19 messages, product promotion, and special day posts. Brands integrated the COVID-19 agenda in their social media communication in two ways. First, they designed and shared posts that focused solely on the pandemic. These COVID-19-related posts constituted a separate category that did not include any direct relevance to the brands' promotion activities. Second, they added COVID-19-related points in their social media posts. This study provides valuable findings for marketing practitioners and academicians regarding social media communication in a global health crisis.
What Is Deep Learning and How Has It Helped the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Kartal Elif , Schwartz Odelia
Published: November 2021

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers have been trying to find solutions through international collaborations and interdisciplinary studies. This chapter aims to present how deep learning is used for the COVID-19 pandemic. Within this scope, this chapter covers the fundamentals of deep learning in terms of definitions, key concepts, popular network types, and application areas. Then it gives a summary of the most recent studies in which deep learning models are used for COVID-19. The authors believe this chapter is a good start for researchers who want to study deep learning. In addition, the literature review section of this chapter, which was prepared by considering the COVID-19 pandemic, is expected to shed light on a broad range of health studies within the pandemic process and to provide better solutions to similar problems encountered in different sectors.
The Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Life Satisfaction During COVID-19
Authors: Baykal Elif
Published: November 2021

Turkey is among the countries that has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thousands of people have lost their lives, and the outbreak has caused millions of people to experience both physiological and psychological problems. This study examines the effect of spiritual well-being on the life satisfaction levels of individuals the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was carried out on white-collar employees working in the service sector in Turkey. The data of the field research was collected through online surveys from a sample of 384 employees. The findings show that spiritual well-being has a positive effect on life satisfaction.
The performance of 18F-PSMA PET/CT in the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Zhi-Qiang , Pan Gao-Jian , Xu Zheng , Wang Hao , Xu Lu-Wei , Jia Rui-Peng
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a meta-analysis regarding the detection rate (DR) of fluorine-18 (18F)-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) in the management of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Relevant studies regarding18F-PSMA PET/CT in the management of PCa published until June 1, 2021, were electronically searched in online databases including EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science. The primary outcome was the DR of18F-PSMA PET/CT in managing PCa patients, while the secondary outcome was the DR of18F-PSMA PET/CT according to Gleason scores and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. The pooled DR was calculated on a per-patient basis, with pooled odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 17 observational studies evaluating 1019 patients with PCa met the inclusion criteria. The DR of18F-PSMA PET/CT was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78–0.88), in the random-effects model. Subsequently, the analysis of DR of18F-PSMA PET/CT in PCa patients using Gleason score (≤7vs≥8), showed a significant difference in PCa patients. Based on the above results, the higher Gleason score of PCa patients, the higher DR of18F-PSMA PET/CT. The DR of18F-PSMA PET/CT in PCa was 0.57 for PSA <0.5 ng ml−1; 0.75 for PSA ≥0.5 ng ml-1and <1.0 ng ml-1; 0.93 for PSA ≥1.0 ng ml-1and <2.0 ng ml-1; and 0.95 for PSA ≥2.0 ng ml−1. Therefore, the significant diagnostic value was found in terms of the DR of18F-PSMA PET/CT in managing PCa patients and was associated with Gleason score and serum PSA level.
A Scoping Review of Complexity Science in Dentistry
Authors: Quiceno Bruno Gutiérrez , Barrera Luis Alejandro Gómez
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

The purpose of this review is to establish how the theory of complexity is understood and instituted in dentistry.

Methods:

The stomatognathic system can be understood as a dynamic, complex, and adaptive system. Each pathological or physiological condition of this system involves physical, chemical, and biological processes in constant, open, and changing interactions with social, emotional, nutritional, political, and economic processes. Against this background, specifically, the following research questions were posed: How do researchers use complexity science in dentistry? How is complexity science described in dentistry articles?.

Results:

A brief literature search was implemented, which identified 11 PubMed articles as well as two from the Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) database and one from the Cochrane Library for a full text review. Studies on complexity in the dental sciences are mostly presented in the form of critical opinion articles, which corresponded to 50% of the reviewed articles. In dentistry, complexity is understood as less of a theory and more as a line of thinking regarding procedures that can become complex at any given time.

Conclusion:

This article shows that there are great difficulties in integrating complexity and understanding it in dentistry. There are many aspects from complexity science that still need to be understood in oral health.
Indocyanine green imaging to identify intralobar pulmonary sequestration for uniportal thoracoscopic resection
Authors: Lian Kuan-Hsun , Lin Mong-Wei
Published: November 2021

Surgical excision of pulmonary sequestration is a definite treatment, but dissection of the arterial supply from systemic circulation and determination of the boundary are always challenging. We reported a case utilising pre-operative three-dimensional reconstruction and indocyanine green injection to make the procedure minimally invasive, precise and safe.
Behcet's Diseases' Coexistence with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Desai Saloni Abhijit , Zambare Uddhao S. , Nayak Chitra S.
Published: November 2021

Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic multisystem disorder characterized by a triad of oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis. Association between BD and other autoimmune disorders is not well documented. BD with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura has rarely been reported. Here, we present the case of a 16-year-old female presenting with recurrent oral and genital ulcers with a low platelet count diagnosed as BD with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura based on clinical and laboratory findings. The patient showed an excellent response to systemic corticosteroids.
Influence of Electronic Media on Speech and Language Delay in Children
Authors: Salunkhe Shradha , Bharaswadkar Rasika , Patil Manojkumar , Agarkhedkar Sharad , Pande Vineeta , Mane Shailaja
Published: November 2021

Background:

An electronic media in the form of television, mobile phones, computers, and tablets has become an integral part of many households and has both positive and negative influences on the child. The duration spent by children on electronic media has drastically increased leading to decreased vocabulary, attention span, and overall decrease in child–parent interaction leading to speech and language delay.

Aims:

We aimed to study the duration of electronic media usage and influence on the speech and language delay in children between 6 months and 6 years.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted after institutional ethics committee approval and written informed consent. The duration of use of media and its effect on speech and language delay was assessed using the Language Evaluation Scale Trivandrum and hyperactivity by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Statistical analysis was done using MedCalc.

Results:

Four hundred and twenty-five children were enrolled. 3–6-year-old children from joint and extended families and from upper-middle and upper socioeconomic status used more media. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was seen in 9.4% of children using media. Speech and language delay was seen among 28.4% of children who used media for more than 3 h.

Conclusions:

The prolonged duration of electronic media for more than 3 h is associated with speech and language delay in children. Mobile media provides more interaction than passive television viewing, and the risk of speech delay is more in prolonged television viewing. Hyperactivity (ADHD) is seen more in children using electronic media.
Algorithmic aspects of branched coverings III/V. Erasing maps, orbispaces, and the Birman exact sequence
Authors: Bartholdi Laurent , Dudko Dzmitry
Published: November 2021

Let

\tilde{f}\colon(S^2,\widetilde{A})\circlearrowleft

be a Thurston map and let

M(\tilde{f})

be its mapping class biset: isotopy classes rel

\widetilde{A}

of maps obtained by pre- and post-composing

\tilde{f}

by the mapping class group of

(S^2,\widetilde{A})

. Let

A\subseteq\widetilde{A}

be an

\tilde{f}

-invariant subset, and let

f\colon(S^2,A)\circlearrowleft

be the induced map. We give an analogue of the Birman short exact sequence: just as the mapping class group

\mathbf{Mod}(S^2,\widetilde{A})

is an iterated extension of

\mathbf{Mod}(S^2,A)

by fundamental groups of punctured spheres,

M(\tilde{f})

is an iterated extension of

M(f)

by the dynamical biset of

f

.

Thurston equivalence of Thurston maps classically reduces to a conjugacy problem in mapping class bisets. Our short exact sequence of mapping class bisets allows us to reduce in polynomial time the conjugacy problem in

M(\tilde{f})

to that in

M(f)

. In case

\tilde{f}

is geometric (either expanding or doubly covered by a hyperbolic torus endomorphism) we show that the dynamical biset

B(f)

together with a “portrait of bisets” induced by

\widetilde{A}

is a complete conjugacy invariant of

\tilde{f}

.

Along the way, we give a complete description of bisets of

(2,2,2,2)

-maps as a crossed product of bisets of torus endomorphisms by the cyclic group of order

2

, and we show that non-cyclic orbisphere bisets have no automorphism.

We finally give explicit, efficient algorithms that solve the conjugacy and centralizer problems for bisets of expanding or torus maps.
Rigidity of the Pu inequality and quadratic isoperimetric constants of normed spaces
Authors: Creutz Paul
Published: November 2021

Our main result gives an improved bound on the filling areas of curves in Banach spaces which are not closed geodesics. As applications we show rigidity of Pu’s classical systolic inequality and investigate the isoperimetric constants of normed spaces. The latter has further applications concerning the regularity of minimal surfaces in Finsler manifolds.