bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Wavelet Multiscale Mathematical Model for Quality of Life Index Measuring
Authors: Balalaa Majed S. , Ben Mabrouk Anouar
Published: March 2022

The present paper is concerned with the study of the quality of life index. Such an index has become an important index for measuring the well-being of individuals. However, the quality of life index is always a subjective, intangible, and often hard to quantify with precision due to the lack of quantitative models dealing with. The main goal of the present paper is thus to propose a mathematical, quantitative model for the measurement of a quality of life index. The main novelty is firstly the construction of a wavelet dynamic multiscale model to quantify and investigate the effect of time scale on the quality of life index measuring. The proposed procedure is acted empirically on a sample corresponding to Saudi Arabia as a case of study during the period from 2003 to 2020 as part of the 2030-vision plan. Saudi Arabia has implemented the so-called 2030-vision plan where the quality of life improvement is one of the main goals to be attempted. The findings show that wavelets are capable to localize the time-wise behavior of the index contrarily to classical studies which estimate a global view of the index. Moreover, the study shows the link between the quality of life behavior and many other indices.
Understanding the Role of Arsenic in Camouflage Strategy: A Study with Common River Prawn
Authors: Bose Mihieka , Jas Kalpesh , Barua Arnab , Munshi Chayan
Published: March 2022

Camouflage is an interesting adaptation (for survivability) by organisms in terms of different aggregation or fusion of colourations. Understanding these camouflage strategies in the presence of arsenic on transparent/semi-transparent species is pretty challenging. Previously, several researchers have demonstrated that colouration or pigmentation strategy in an organism is a strategy to merge with the environment to escape from predatory threats. Our study was done on a semi-transparent freshwater prawn species which exhibits a strategy of pigment droplets on its exoskeleton. Unlike previous studies, our findings robustly indicate the fact that pigment droplets are not the only reason for colouration. The pigment droplets rather regulate the darkness of the exoskeleton. However, the transparency of the abdominal muscles additionally plays a crucial role in creating a background of the pigment droplets. The transparency muscles allow light to pass through the abdomen, thus creating a semi-transparent appearance. The degree of semi-transparency is also regulated by the intensity of light. The abdomen and the pigment droplets on the exoskeleton cumulatively as well as contrastingly maintain the transparency and the colour quotient of the prawns. In our study, we have majorly concentrated on the abdominal region of the prawns as it appears to be the key semi-transparent feature of the organism. This research is directed to an ecotoxicological aspect where we showed that arsenic in chronic non-lethal concentration, can notably alter the colouration pattern in this prawn model within a short period of time. Finally, we have used an image processing algorithm to assess the alteration of colouration in this organism.
Circuit Simulation of Film Resistor Laser Trimming with a Measuring Voltage Source
Authors: Kondrashov Vladimir , Chapkin Vyacheslav , Seredin Oleg , Zemlyakov Evgenii , Pozdeeva Ekaterina Yu.
Published: March 2022

This paper considers the principles of building a circuit model of film resistor cutting. The conductive resistive medium is defined with the component equations and the topology of the circuit model. A method of estimating the electric parameters of a resistor operating in the system with a measuring voltage source is shown. An equation system for the node voltages is defined, and the resistive layer parameters are analyzed as the circuit model structure changes during the cutting process.
Seven COVID-19 Patients Treated with C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Apheresis
Authors: Esposito Fabrizio , Matthes Harald , Schad Friedemann
Published: March 2022

Background: The fulminant course of COVID-19, triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents with a high mortality rate and still lacks a causative treatment. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to increase dramatically during the disease progression and correlates with deleterious outcomes. Selective CRP apheresis can reduce circulating CRP levels fast and effective. Methods: Seven hospitalized patients with documented severe COVID-19 progression, elevated CRP plasma levels (> 100 mg/L) and signs of respiratory failure were treated with CRP apheresis. 2-12 CRP apheresis sessions were performed generally in 24 h time intervals and depending on CRP plasma levels. Results: CRP apheresis reduced CRP plasma levels by up to 84% within a few hours, without exhibiting side effects in any patient. Despite signs of severe lung infiltration in all patients, only one patient died. The other patients showed improvements within the chest x-ray after CRP apheresis and were able to recover regardless of intubation and/or ECMO (4 patients). All remaining six patients were discharged from the hospital in good clinical condition. All patients had comorbidities. Conclusions: This case series presents a mortality rate of only 14%, which is dramatically lower than expected from the presented CRP levels as well as comorbidities and ventilation require-ments. Our clinical observations regarding the here presented seven patients support the hypoth-esis that CRP is a candidate to be therapeutically targeted in the early stage of severe COVID-19.
Informal Employment, Working Conditions, and Self-Perceived Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Working Population in Peru
Authors: Alferez Mayer Erika , Silva-Peñaherrera -Michael , Ayala-Garcia Amaya , Sabastizagal-Vela Iselle , G. Benavides Fernado
Published: March 2022

Peru has one of the highest informal employment rates in Latin America (73%). Previous studies have shown higher prevalence of poor self-perceived health (P-SPH) in informal workers compared to formal. The study’s aim is to analyse the role of working conditions in the association between informality and SPH in urban working population in Peru. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 3098 workers from the working conditions survey of Peru 2017. Prevalence of P-SPH and exposure to poor working conditions were calculated separated by formal and informal employment and stratified by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between P-SPH and informal employment, with its prevalence ratios (PR) crude and adjusted for working conditions. Informal employment was 76% in women and 66% in men. Informal workers were more exposed to poor working conditions than formals and reported worse SPH. Workers in informal employment showed higher risk of P-SPH than formals: PR 1.38 [95% CI: 1.16 – 1.64] in women and PR 1.27 [95% CI: 1.08 – 1.49] in men. Adjustment by working conditions weakened the association in both sexes. In women, this association was only partially explained by worse working conditions 1.23 [95% CI: 1.04 – 1.46]. The negative effect on informal workers’ health is partially explained by poor working conditions. However, there is a part of the effect explained by informality per se.
Effects of Cardiovagal Training on Autonomic Function, Inflammatory Markers and Insulin Levels in Adults with Obesity
Authors: Espinoza-Salinas Alexis , Peiret-Villacura Luis , Molina-Sotomayor Edgardo , Cigarroa-Cuevas Igor , Arenas-Sánchez Giovanny , Podestá Israel , González-Jurado José
Published: March 2022

Obesity is linked to an inflammatory process, with adipocyte release triggering insulin resistance (IR) and autonomic imbalance. A cardiovagal trainning protocol has shown favorable results in autonomic balance and decrease of inflammatory markers. The aim of this study was to analyze the autonomic behavior related to inflammatory and metabolic parameters in obese people after a cardiovagal exercise protocol. Twenty people with obesity, were distributed by their HOMA-IR value: obese without IR (n/IR) (n=8) and obese with IR (y/IR) (n=12). The cardiovagal training program was carried out in both groups for 8 weeks at a frequency of 5 times per week. A blood sample was obtained to determine insulin, leptin, TNF alpha and IL6 levels, in addition to determining the HOMA-IR index and autonomic function was measured by heart rate variability. Changes were recorded in the OB-IR group, a decrease in inflammatory markers, glycemia and a reduction of sympathetic activity after the cardiovagal training intervention. In addition, significant differences between the y/IR and n/IR groups were shown in insulin, leptin, TNFa and IL6 values. It can be concluded that after 4 weeks of intervention with a cardiovagal trainning protocol, parasympathetic modulation increased and inflammatory markers decreased in obese subjects.
Artificial Intelligence Technologies for COVID-19 De Novo Drug Design
Authors: Floresta Giuseppe , Zagni Chiara , Gentile Davide , Patamia Vincenzo , Rescifina Antonio
Published: March 2022

The recent covid crisis has proven important lessons for academia and industry regarding digital reorganization. Among fascinating lessons from these times is the huge potential of data analytics and artificial intelligence. The crisis exponentially accelerated the adoption of analytics and artificial intelligence, and this momentum is predicted to continue into the 2020s and over. Moreover, drug development is a costly and time-consuming business, and only a minority of approved drugs return the revenue that exceeds the research and development costs. As a result, there is a huge drive to make drug discovery cheaper and faster. With modern algorithms and hardware, it is not too surprising that the new technologies of artificial intelligence and other computational simulation tools can help drug developers. In only two years of covid research, many novel molecules have been designed/identified using artificial intelligence methods with astonishing results in terms of time and effectiveness. This paper will review the most significant research on artificial intelligence in the de novo drug design for COVID-19 pharmaceutical research.
New Insights on Hemopexin Binding to Hemin and Hemoglobin
Authors: De Simone Salvatore , Lechuga Guilherme , Napoleão-Pêgo Palome , Morel Carlos
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Background: Hemopexin (Hx) is a plasma glycoprotein that scavenges heme (Fe(III) protoporphyrin IX), Hx have important implication in hemolytic disorders and hemorrhagic condition because the release of hemoglobin increase labile heme, which is potentially toxic producing oxidative stress. Hx has been considered for therapeutic use and diagnostics. In this work, we analyzed and mapped interaction sequences of Hx with hemin and hemoglobin (2) Methods: Spot-synthesis technique was used to map human hemopexin (P02790) binding to hemin and human hemoglobin, a library of 15 amino acid peptides with a 10-amino acid overlap was designed to represent the entire coding region (aa 1-462) of hemopexin and synthesized onto cellulose membranes. In silico approach was performed to analyze amino acid frequency in identified interaction regions, and molecular docking was applied for protein-protein interaction (3) Results: Seven linear peptide sequences in Hx were identified to bind hemin (H1-H7), and five were described for Hb (Hb1-Hb5) interaction, with just two sequences shared between hemin and Hb. Amino acid composition of identified sequences demonstrated that Histidine residues are relevant for heme binding, H105, H293, H373, H400, H429, and H462 was distributed in H1-H7 peptide sequences, but other residues may also play an important role. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated Hx association with the β-chain of Hb, with several hot spot amino acids that coordinated interaction. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights new insights on Hx-hemin binding motifs and protein-protein interactions with Hb. Binding sequences and identified specific peptides can be used for therapeutic purposes and diagnostics, as hemopexin is under investigation to treat different diseases, and there is an urgent need for diagnostics of labile heme for monitoring hemolysis.
Augmented Sensitivity of At-Home Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test (RAT) Kits with Computer Vision
Authors: Miikki Kim , Miikki Lars , Wiklund Jenny , Karakoç Alp
Published: March 2022

At-home rapid antigen test (RAT) kits for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are valuable public health tools during the present coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. They provide fast identification of coronavirus infection, which can help to reduce the transmission rates and burden on the healthcare system. However, they have lower sensitivity when compared with the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. One of the reasons for the lower sensitivity is due to the RAT color indicators being indistinct or invisible to the naked eye after the measurements. For this reason, we propose a systematic approach, through which we investigated anonymously provided at-home RAT kit results by using our in-house open source image processing scripts developed for affordable Raspberry Pi computer and Raspberry Pi HQ camera systems (available at https://github.com/kmiikki/ratcv). Therefore, we aimed at minimizing the human-related analysis errors for such kits. We believe that our framework can contribute to reduced the delayed quarantines of infected individuals and spreading of the current infectious disease.
HYPNO-BREASTFEEDING REDUCES ANXIETY OF BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Witari Ni Nyoman Deni , Arini Ketut Novia , Widiastuti Ni Made
Published: March 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is a time when a lot of people are vulnerable for virus transmission which can cause anxiety and psychological disorders, including for postpartum and breastfeeding mothers. The harmful effects of postpartum anxiety, if not managed properly, can affect the physical and psychological health of both mother and baby. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hypno-breastfeeding on reducing postnatal maternal anxiety.

Methods: The design of this study was quasi-experimental design with one pretest-posttest group, without control group. This study was conducted at the South Denpasar Health Center III with samples of 32 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling. The independent variable in this study was hypno-breastfeeding and the dependent variable was decreased anxiety. Data were collected using the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) questionnaire and data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate test (t test).

Result: The results showed that most of the breastfeeding mother before being given hypno-breastfeeding (65%) experienced moderate anxiety and after being given hypno-breastfeeding, most mother (47%) experienced mild anxiety. The bivariate results show the t-count value of 6.851 with p-value (0.000) which showed that there is a significant effect of hypno-breastfeeding on reducing anxiety of breastfeeding mothers.

Conclusion: Hypno-breastfeeding can be applied to breastfeeding mothers to reduce anxiety and make exclusive breastfeeding successful.
THE DESCRIPTION OF THE NEED FOR HOME CARE FOR POSTPARTUM WOMEN WITH CESAREAN SECTION DELIVERY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Sugiartini Ni Ketut Ayu , Samhita Putu Krisa Lila , Anahida Andini Mbati
Published: March 2022

Background: Childbirth requires a physiological process, but pathological conditions or complications can arise from pregnancy to delivery such as Cesarean Section. The purpose of this study was to identify the description of home care for postpartum mothers with Cesarean Section during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Methods: The design of this research is descriptive quantitative, was carried out at Udayana Hospital Denpasar with 30 respondents post Cesarean Section. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire and data analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics

Result: The results showed that half 50% of respondents needed vital sign monitoring during the postpartum period post Cesarean Section, most of the 60% respondents needed physical examination monitoring during the postpartum period post Cesarean Section, most of the 66.67% respondents needed psychological care during the postpartum period post Cesarean Section, almost entirely 86.67% of respondents require treatment for mobilization needs during the postpartum period post Cesarean Section, most 53.3% of respondents require treatment for family planning services during the postpartum period post Cesarean Section, almost 90% of respondents require breast care during the postpartum period post Cesarean Section, almost a total of 83.33% of respondents require wound care during the postpartum period post Cesarean Section.

Conclusion: Based on the results of the study it was found that the postpartum women who had Cesarean Section, needed a  home care during the pandemic.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Continuous Passive Motion Versus Physical Therapy After Arthroscopic Release of Elbow Contracture
Authors: O’Driscoll Shawn W. , Lievano Jorge Rojas , Morrey Mark E. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , Shukla Dave R. , Olson Tammy S. , Fitzsimmons James S. , Vaichinger Anthony M. , Shields Maegan N.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Continuous passive motion (CPM) has been used for decades, but we are not aware of any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which CPM has been compared with physical therapy (PT) for rehabilitation following release of elbow contracture.

Methods:

In this single-blinded, single-center RCT, we randomly assigned patients undergoing arthroscopic release of elbow contracture to a rehabilitation protocol involving either CPM or PT. The primary outcomes were the rate of recovery and the arc of elbow motion (range of motion) at 1 year. The rate of recovery was evaluated by measuring range of motion at 6 weeks and 3 months. The secondary outcomes included other range-of-motion-related outcomes, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), flexion strength and endurance, grip strength, and forearm circumference at multiple time points.

Results:

A total of 24 patients were assigned to receive CPM, and 27 were assigned to receive PT. At 1 year, CPM was superior to PT with regard to the range of motion, with an estimated treatment difference of 9° (95% confidence interval [CI], 3° to 16°; p = 0.007). Similarly, the use of CPM led to a greater range of motion at 6 weeks and 3 months than PT. The percentage of lost motion recovered at 1 year was higher in the CPM group (51%) than in the PT group (36%) (p = 0.01). The probability of restoring a functional range of motion at 1 year was 62% higher in the CPM group than in the PT group (risk ratio for functional range of motion, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.61; p = 0.04). PROM scores were similar in the 2 groups at all time points, except for a difference in the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) elbow function subscale, in favor of CPM, at 6 weeks. The use of CPM decreased swelling and reduced the loss of flexion strength, flexion endurance, and grip strength on day 3, with no between-group differences thereafter.

Conclusions:

Among patients undergoing arthroscopic release of elbow contracture, those who received CPM obtained a faster recovery and a greater range of motion at 1 year, with a higher chance of restoration of functional elbow motion than those who underwent routine PT.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Wabash and Ohio River confluence hydraulic and sediment transport model investigation : a report for US Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District
Authors: Bell Gary , Abraham David , Clifton Nathan , Kenneth Lamkin
Published: March 2022

Avulsions of the Wabash River in 2008 through 2011 at its confluence with the Ohio River resulted in significant shoaling in the Ohio River. This caused a re-alignment of the navigation channel and the need for frequent dredging. A two-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic model, Adaptive Hydraulics (AdH), was developed to simulate base (existing) conditions and then altered to simulate multiple alternative scenarios to address these sediment issues. The study was conducted in two phases, Phase 1 in 2013 – 2015 and Phase 2 in 2018 – 2020. Field data were collected and consisted of multi-beam bathymetric elevations, bed sediment samples, suspended sediment samples, and discharge and velocity measurements. The model hydrodynamic and sediment transport computations adequately replicated the water surface slope, flow splits, bed sediment gradations, and suspended sediment concentrations when compared with field data. Thus, it was shown to be dependable as a predictive tool. The alternative that produced the most desirable results included a combination of three level-crested emergent dikes on Wabash Island and four submerged dikes on the Illinois shore with a level crest from the bank to the tip of the dike. The selected alternative produced an improved sailing line while maintaining authorized channel depths.
Evaluation of Physical Symptoms in Brazilian Conductors Through NMQ and DASH Instruments
Authors: Geraldo Jorge AM , Fiorini Carlos F
Published: March 2022

Few studies have investigated populations of conductors concerning their activity in general or work-related health aspects, although these individuals also face important work demands with the potential for developing hearing, physical, and vocal problems. This study was designed to
assess physical symptoms (pain, tingling, numbness) in Brazilian conductors by applying the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire. The data were collected online from 166 Brazilian conductors who were actively working
for at least 1 year. The NMQ results indicated a high prevalence of symptoms in the shoulder, neck, and lumbar and upper back regions. Participants also complained of pain in the upper limbs, especially on the right side, and spinal regions associated with conducting. Bivariate statistical
tests indicated significant relationships between the presence of symptoms in the upper limbs and higher disability scores in the DASH instrument. The body regions mentioned by the participants are similar to those reported in the few studies of conductors in the literature, highlighting that
conducting has a specific physical impact and the potential to affect the function of the upper limb in the conductors’ daily activities.
Quadratus Femoris Tendinopathy as an Underreported Cause of Groin Pain: Case Report
Authors: Rovisco Branquinho Lurdes , Páscoa Pinheiro João
Published: March 2022

Groin pain is a cause of mobility impairment, and its diverse presentation can make the diagnosis difficult. Quadratus femoris muscle tendinopathy is a poorly described etiology, but its diagnosis is important for the success of the therapeutic program. The authors present the case
of an 18-year-old woman who complained of chronic pain in the left inguinal region due to regular ballet practice. Physical examination revealed restriction in the left hip medial rotation. Ultrasound and radiographic studies were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging showed asymmetry in the
signal intensity of the quadratus femoris muscle. The patient improved significantly after a rehabilitation program that included quadratus femoris muscle-specific exercises. Diagnostic accuracy and an understanding of segmental biomechanics ensure greater effectiveness in the therapeutic
approach.
Predicting the Unpredictable: How Dynamic COVID-19 Policies and Restrictions Challenge Model Forecasts
Authors: Houdroge Farah , Palmer Anna , Delport Dominic , Walsh Tom , Kelly Sherrie L , Hainsworth Samuel W , Abeysuriya Romesh , Stuart Robyn M , Kerr Cliff C , Coplan Paul , Wilson David P , Scott Nick
Published: March 2022

Between June and August 2020, an agent-based model was used to project rates of COVID-19 infection incidence and cases diagnosed as positive from 15 September to 31 October 2020 for 72 geographic settings. Five scenarios were modelled: a baseline scenario where no future changes were made to existing restrictions, and four scenarios representing small or moderate changes in restrictions at two intervals. Post hoc, upper and lower bounds for number of diagnosed Covid-19 cases were compared with actual data collected during the prediction window. A regression analysis with 17 covariates was performed to determine correlates of accurate projections. It was found that the actual data fell within the lower and upper bounds in 27 settings and out of bounds in 45 settings. The only statistically significant predictor of actual data within the predicted bounds was correct assumptions about future policy changes (OR = 15.04; 95%CI 2.20-208.70; p = 0.016). Frequent changes in restrictions implemented by governments, which the modelling team was not always able to predict, in part explains why the majority of model projections were inaccurate compared with actual outcomes and supports revision of projections when policies are changed as well as the importance of modelling teams collaborating with policy experts.
Changes in Blood Pressure After Pfizer/Biontech Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination
Authors: Ch'ng Chin Chin , Ong Loke Meng , Wong Khar Ming
Published: March 2022

The SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) vaccination began in Malaysia in March 2021 among healthcare workers and other frontliners. Everyone at our hospital received the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine. Although hypertension has not been mentioned explicitly as an adverse event, concerns were raised after some healthcare staff observed an increase in their blood pressure after the first dose. In response to that, we began collecting vital signs during second dose appointments. Vital signs were measured before, immediately after and 15-30 minutes post vaccination. We report our findings from the institution-wide effort to monitor changes in blood pressure among its staff and respond to any possible unwanted events.
Implementation of a standardized surgical technique and peri-operative care pathway in robot-assisted restorative rectal cancer resection. A single center cohort study
Authors: Eriksen Jacob Damgaard , Thaysen Henriette Vind , Emmertsen Katrine Jøssing , Madsen Anders Husted , Tøttrup Anders , Nørager Charlotte Buchard , Ljungmann Ken , Thomassen Niels , Delaney Conor P. , Iversen Lene Hjerrild
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDespite increasing focus on the technical performance of total mesorectal excision over recent decades, anastomotic leakage (AL) continues to be a frequent and serious complication for many patients, even in the hands of experienced surgical teams. This study describes implementation of standardized technical surgical and combined peri-operative care protocols in an effort to reduce variability, decrease the risk of anastomotic leakage, and improve associated short-term outcomes for rectal cancer patients undergoing robot-assisted restorative rectal resection (RRR). MethodsWe evaluated all rectal cancer patients undergoing robot-assisted RRR at Aarhus University Hospital between 2017 and 2020. Six standardized surgical steps directed to improve anastomotic healing were mandatory for all RRR. Additional changes were made during the period with prohibition of systemic dexamethasone and limiting the use of endoscopic stapling devices.ResultsThe use of the full standardization, including all six surgical steps, increased from 40.3% (95% CI, 0.28-0.54) to 86.2% (95% CI, 0.68-0.95). The risk of AL decreased from 21.0% (95% CI, 0.12-0.33) to 6.9% (95% CI, 0.01-0.23). Length of hospital stay (LOS) decreased from 6 days (range 2-50) to 5 days (range 2-26). The rate of patients readmitted within 90 days decreased from 21.0% (95% CI, 0.12-0.33), to 6.9% (95% CI, 0.01-0.23).ConclusionThe full standardization was effectively implemented for rectal cancer patients undergoing robot-assisted RRR. The risk of AL, LOS and readmission decreased during the study period. A team focus on high-reliability and peri-operative complications can improve patient outcomes.
Refractive Index Sensor Based on Double D-Shaped Using Fiber Bragg Grating
Authors: upadhyay chetna , Dhwan Divya
Published: March 2022

FBG based refractive index sensor are widely used in sensing applications such as structural health monitoring, oil exploration, refractive index measurement of chemical solutions, etc., owing to benefits of FBG such as small size, real time monitoring, high resolution, resistant to high temperature and various chemicals, etc. In this paper, simple and high sensitive method employing a double D-shaped FBG (DDSF) for refractive index (RI) measurements of glucose solution is proposed and investigated. The operating principle is based on the exploitation of the evanescent wave interaction of the propagating light with the surrounding external environment, resulting in shift of Bragg wavelength. Wavelength shift is measured, when the refractive index of external medium changes from 1.33 to 1.43 approximately for glucose solution with varying concentrations, exhibiting a good linear relationship between them. By changing the depth of the D-shaped groove, the sensor’s sensitivity can optimize. A high sensitivity of 47.37 nm/RIU is achieved, which indicates that proposed sensor has provided high sensitivity and linearity.
Integrating Gender-based Violence Screening and Support Into the Research Clinic Setting: Experiences From an HIV Prevention Open-label Extension Trial in Sub-saharan Africa
Authors: Garcia Morgan , Roberts Sarah T , Mayo Ashley J , Scheckter Rachel , Mansoor Leila E , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Reddy Krishnaveni , Naidoo Yuthika , Akello Carolyne Agwau , Gaffoor Zakir , Siva Samantha , Rushwaya Chenai , Hlahla Kudzai , Jambaya Jane , Makoni Rujeko , Kachale Evans , Ndovie Margret , Zuma Jabulisile , Montgomery Elizabeth T
Published: March 2022

HIV and gender-based violence (GBV) are syndemic in sub-Saharan Africa and provision of support for participants who disclose GBV constitutes part of comprehensive care. Consequently, a process was undertaken to develop, implement, and evaluate standard operating procedures (SOPs) in MTN-025/HOPE, a study of the dapivirine vaginal ring for HIV prevention. The SOP was developed using needs assessment surveys in addition to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and other literature. Sites tailored and implemented the SOP through HOPE implementation. At study end, staff reported increased training 32/35 (91.43%); improved confidence (18/26; 69.23%); and improved vicarious trauma prevention on-site (17/28; 60.71%). Leadership reported increased staff competence in GBV response. Obstacles included limited referral organizations and time for follow-up, continued training needs, and cultural norms. Development and implementation of an SOP is a feasible strategy to build a GBV response to improve health systems and support sustained effective use of HIV prevention products.
Possibilities of using Cubic Spline functions in estimation of live weight of Kıvırcık lambs fed with different silage types
Authors: Şengül Ömer , Çelik Şenol , Ak İbrahim
Published: March 2022

In this study, the possibilities of using Cubic Spline functions in the estimation of live weights of Kıvırcık lambs fed with different silage types were investigated. In the experiment, 40 male Kıvırcık lambs aged 2.5-3 months were used and the animals were fattened for 56 days. In the study, Cubic Spline functions were used as live weight estimation model in lambs fed with silage containing 5 different ratios of corn and sunflower (100% sunflower silage, 75% sunflower + 25% corn silage, 50% sunflower + 50% corn silage, 25% sunflower + 75% corn silage, 100% corn silage). For this purpose, knots points were created by considering the visual investigation of the point distribution. The coefficient of determination (R2) was used to determine the fit of the model in constructing the Cubic Spline functions. For the live weight model of lambs, 5 different Cubic Spline functions were obtained. With the help of the functions obtained, live weight estimation was made for different silage groups and for different ages, and for the days when no measurements were made. According to the estimations, while the highest live weight gains were observed on the 20th and 120th days, the lowest body weight gain was observed on the 90th day. As a result, it has been determined that Cubic Spline functions can be used successfully in the estimation of live weight of fattened lamps.
Proteomic Clusters Underlie Heterogeneity in Preclinical AD Progression
Authors: Wisch Julie , Butt Omar H. , Gordon Brian A. , Schindler Suzanne E. , Fagan Anne M. , Yang Chengran , Boerwinkle Anna H. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Holtzman David M. , Morris John C. , Cruchaga Carlos , Ances Beau M.
Published: March 2022

Background: Heterogeneity in progression to AD poses challenges for both clinical prognosis and clinical trial implementation. In the absence of a well-defined understanding of future disease trajectory, participants may receive unnecessary treatment or true effects of pharmacological intervention may be obscured. We identified early differences in preclinical Alzheimer Disease (AD) biomarkers, assessed patterns for developing preclinical AD across the Amyloid-Tau-(Neurodegeneration) (AT(N)) framework, and considered potential sources of difference by analyzing the CSF proteome.Methods: 108 participants enrolled in longitudinal studies at the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC) who completed four or more lumbar punctures and were cognitively normal at baseline were included. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of Ab42, pTau181, and Neurofilament Light chain (NfL) as well as proteomics values were evaluated. Imaging biomarkers, including positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid and tau and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were repeatedly obtained when available. This allowed for staging individuals according to the AT(N) framework.Results: Growth mixture modeling, an unsupervised clustering technique, identified three patterns of biomarker progression as measured by CSF pTau181 and CSF Ab42. Two groups (AD Biomarker Positive and AD Biomarker Intermediate) had distinct progression from normal biomarker status to having biomarkers consistent with preclinical AD. A third group (AD Biomarker Negative) did not develop abnormal AD biomarkers over time. Participants grouped by CSF trajectories were successfully re-classified using only proteomic profiles (AUCAD Biomarker Positive vs AD Biomarker Negatives = 0.970, AUCAD Biomarker Positive vs. Intermediate AD Biomarkers = 0.750, AUCIntermediate AD Biomarkers vs. AD Biomarker Negative = 0.698). Conclusions: We highlight heterogeneity in the development of AD biomarkers in cognitively normal individuals. We identified individuals who became AD Biomarker Positive before age 50. A second group, AD Biomarker Intermediate, developed elevated CSF ptau181 in their mid-60’s before becoming amyloid positive in their mid-70’s. A third group were AD Biomarker Negative over repeated testing. Our results could influence the selection of participants for specific treatments (e.g. amyloid-reducing vs. other agents) in clinical trials. CSF proteome analysis highlighted additional potential opportunities for non-AT(N) focused therapies, including blood brain barrier-, liver-, and neuroinflammatory-related targets.
Management Of Macrolide Antibiotics (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin And Azithromycin) In The Environment: A Case Study Of Environmental Pollution In Lithuania
Authors: Baranauskaitė-Fedorova Inga , Beigaite Reda , Dvarioniene Jolanta
Published: March 2022

Of all the antibiotics used today for human treatment in the world, macrolide antibiotics – erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin – stand out the most for misuse, and were included as high-risk substances in the monitoring Watch List of Regulation 2018/840/EU. The aim of the present research was to investigate the level of target human pharmaceuticals prevalence in the environment by the substance flow analysis (SFA) approach and to determine the antibiotics potential risks for the environment. The target for the environmental investigations were the Baltic Sea region, the country of Lithuania. For SFA, 2015-2018 input data were used and such key processes as consumption of antibiotics, disposal and distribution of pharmaceuticals in the environment were analysed. The analysis revealed that the largest part of pharmaceutical contaminants (72%) enters wastewater treatment plants. The risk quotient approach was based on the determination of predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), measured environmental concentrations (MECs), and their ratio to the predicted no-effect environmental concentrations (PNECs). The analysis revealed that clarithromycin and azithromycin cause potential risk for the aquatic environment (PEC/PNEC > 1). The concentration of clarithromycin in the effluents of Klaipeda WWTP showed an exceptionally high risk to the natural environment. Recommendations on how to reduce the release of pharmaceutical residues into the environment were proposed in the framework of the environmental management system.
What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic years on Deliveries and Home Based New Born Care in India? A cross-sectional comparative research study, Jan 2018-2021Dec
Authors: Kumar Piyush
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to disruption of health services globally. I assessed the effect of the ongoing pandemic on the Deliveries and Home Based New Born Care (HBNC) in India. The author is curious and suspects a rise in maternal and neonatal mortality due to possible negative effects of COVID-19 on maternal institutional delivery and HBNC. Hence author decided to find out answer to the research question mentioned as title above. I conducted a retrospective cross-sectional comparative study among total numbers of women and newborn who have received delivery and HBNC care at different health facilities in 36 states and union territories across India during the pandemic years with pre-pandemic years (comparing 2020 and 2021(forecasted up to December 2021 with available data from January2021 to May 2021) with previous two years of pre-pandemic era i.e. 2018-2019). The data for the research study is extracted from electronic records of HMIS (health management information system) of MoHFW (ministry of health and family welfare), Govt. of India and analysed with stata and Microsoft office. This research study revealed that during covid-19 era there is increase in prevalence of 1.Total No. of Deliveries-TD (HD+ ID) registered per 100000 ANC registered,2.Total Number of Institutional Deliveries (ID) conducted (Including C-Sections) per 100000 Total deliveries3.Total Number of Home Deliveries attended by SBA per 100000 HD4.Total Number of newborns received 6 HBNC visits after Institutional Delivery per 100000 ID5.Total Number of newborns received 7 HBNC in HD per 100000 HD5.Total Number of PW given Tablet Misoprostol during HD per 100000 HD. This research study revealed that pandemic years have less number of home deliveries attended by SBA [(Skill Birth Attendant) (Doctor/Nurse/ANM/ Midwife)] as well as there is also decrease in HD. This research study revealed that pandemic years have less number of home deliveries attended by SBA [(Skill Birth Attendant) (Doctor/Nurse/ANM/ Midwife)] may be due to less number of deliveries. There is a (projected) decrease of 37.28% in mean number of home deliveries attended by SBA in 2021 as compared to 2018. This novel research study revealed that during pandemic years 2020 and 2021 all the variables reduced quantitatively except Number of PW given Tablet Misoprostol during HD which increased in 2020 (first pandemic year).The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had negative effects on Deliveries and Home Based New Born Care (HBNC) in India. More research is required to investigate the direct and indirect consequence of the pandemic on birth and provision of HBNC as well as the health facility type which are not performing well in providing respectful maternity care and newborn services during pandemic period. The facility based research analysis is under process by the author which will be available in next version of this article.
Carcass traits and meat quality of goats fed with cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) silage subjected to an intermittent water supply
Authors: Cruz Gabriel Ferreira de Lima , Santos Edson Mauro , Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal , Azevedo Paulo Sérgio , Albuquerque Ítalo Reneu Rosas , Panosso Natália Matos , Perazzo Alexandre Fernandes , Zanine Anderson de Moura , Ferreira Daniele de Jesus , Lima Anny Graycy Vasconcelos de Oliveira , Oliveira Juliana Silva
Published: March 2022

The effect of different proportions of cactus pear (Opuntia fícus-indica Mill) silage (CPS) and intermittent water supply (IWS) to crossbreed goats' diets on carcass traits and meat quality were evaluated. The IWS caused a reduction (P = 0.03) in the percentage of leg fat in the animals. The rib eye area, carcass weight, and physical-chemical characteristics were not affected (P > 0.05) by the CPS or IWS. The IWS reduced (P = 0.04) the elongase enzyme activity. The CPS inclusion in the diet reduced C22:0 (P = 0.01), some branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA), C20:1 (P = 0.03), c13-C18:1 (P= 0.01) fatty acids. Therefore, in situations of water scarcity, an intermittent water supply of up to 48 hours and diets with up to 42% cactus pear silage, can be adopted in goat feedlot, without affecting carcass traits and meat quality.
GALA: a computational framework for de novo chromosome-by-chromosome assembly with long reads
Authors: Awad Mohamed , Gan Xiangchao
Published: March 2022

High-quality genome assembly has wide applications in genetics and medical studies. However, it is still very challenging to achieve gap-free chromosome-scale assemblies using current workflows for long-read platforms. Here we report on GALA (Gap-free long-read assembler), a computational framework for de novo chromosome-by-chromosome assembly implemented through a multi-layer graph that identifies discordances within preliminary assemblies and partitions the data into chromosome-scale linkage groups. The subsequent independent assembly of each linkage group generates a gap-free assembly likely free from the mis-assembly errors which usually hamper existing workflows. This flexible framework also allows us to integrate data from various technologies, such as Hi-C, genetic maps, and even motif analyses to generate gap-free chromosome-scale assemblies. As proof of principle we de novo assembled the C. elegans genome using combined Pacbio and Nanopore sequencing data and a rice cultivar genome using Nanopore sequencing data from publicly available datasets. We also demonstrated the new method’s applicability with a gap-free assembly of the human genome using Pacbio high-fidelity (HiFi) long reads. Thus, our method enables straightforward assembly of genomes with multiple data sources and overcomes barriers that at present restrict the application of de novo genome assembly technology.
Enhancing Food Security in Africa with a Predictive Early Warning System on Extreme Weather Phenomena
Authors: Igobwa Alvin M , Gachanja Jeremy , Muriithi Betsy , Olukuru John , Wairegi Angeline Rehema , Rutenberg Isaac
Published: March 2022

Climate change is predicted to exacerbate Africa’s, already, precarious food security. Climate models, by accurately forecasting future weather events, can be a critical tool in developing countermeasures to reduce crop loss, decrease adverse effects on animal husbandry and fishing, and even help insurance companies determine risk for agricultural insurance policies – a measure of risk reduction in the agricultural sector that is gaining prominence. In this paper, we investigate the efficacy of various open-source climate change models and weather datasets in predicting drought and flood weather patterns in northern and western Kenya and discuss practical applications of these tools in the country’s agricultural insurance sector. We identified two models that may be used to predict flood and drought events in these regions. The combination of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and weather station data was the most effective in predicting future drought occurrences in Turkana and Wajir with accuracies ranging from 78% to 90%. In the case of flood forecasting, Isolation Forests models using weather station data had the best overall performance. The above models and datasets may form the basis of a more objective and accurate underwriting process for agricultural index-based insurance, as we expound in the paper.
Low-complexity signal detection networks based on Gauss-Seidel iterative method for massive MIMO systems
Authors: Li Fei , Yao Haifeng , Li Ting , Song Yunchao , Ji Wei , Liang Yan
Published: March 2022

The traditional Gauss-Seidel iterative method runs in parallel with high complexity. To reduce the complexity, this paper proposes a model-driven Deep learning(DL) detector network, namely Block Gauss-Seidel Network(BGS-Net), which is based on the Gauss-Seidel iterative method. We reduce complexity by converting a large matrix inversion to small matrix inversions. Single-antenna user equipment (SAUE) and multiple-antenna user equipment (MAUE) systems under Rayleigh channel are considered in this paper. In order to improve the Symbol Error Ratio(SER) of BGS-Net under MAUE system, we improve the accuracy of the initial solution of BGS-Net, called Improved BGS-Net. The simulation results show that, compared with the existing model-driven algorithms, BGS-Net has lower complexity and similar SER; good robustness, and its performance is less affected by changes in the number of antennas; SER is better than traditional Gauss-Seidel; Improved BGS-Net can improve the SER of BGS-Net.
Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self Examination for Early Detection of Breast Cancer Among Young Women Attending Maternal Health Clinic at JOOTRH, Kisumu County
Authors: Oguta Macxine Achieng , Ayodo George , Humwa Felix , Awandu Shehu Shagari
Published: March 2022

Background
Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, low-cost, and non-invasive method that women use to detect breast cancer at early stages. BSE is recommended for teenage and adult women as it helps to detect unusual swelling and lumps. The early intervention reduces the spread of cancer cells and improves health outcomes. This study assessed the knowledge and practices of BSE for early detection of breast cancer among women attending maternal health clinic at Jaramogi Oginga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH), Kisumu County in Kenya.
Methods
A cross-sectional study targeting women of reproductive age seeking maternal health services at the JOOTRH facility was conducted. Systematic sampling was used to select the study participants while purposive sampling was used to select the nurses involved in key informant interviews. Semi-structured questionnaires and recording were used to collect data. Descriptive and logistic regression was conducted for the quantitative data. Qualitative data was transcribed, coded and analyzed thematically.
Results
The study found that 39% of the participants had the correct knowledge and practice of BSE. An increase in education level was significantly associated with correct knowledge and practice of BSE. Single participants (aOR = 0.6, 95%CI [0.36–0.99]), participants who heard about BSE from media (aOR = 0.51, 95%CI [0.27–0.97]) and friends (aOR = 0.25, 95%CI [0.09–0.69]) were less likely to report correct knowledge and practice of BSE.
Conclusion
There needs to be concerted effort to raise the knowledge and practice of BSE by the national and county governments, stakeholders and health practitioners for the early detection of breast cancer.