bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of The Study of The Quran in Indonesia: Language and Paradigm
Authors: Fajri Muhammad
Published: October 2021

This paper describes the development of the study of the Quran in Indonesia. Through historical-analytical approach, it shows that since the arrival of Islam in Indonesia, the study of the Quran has always been developing. They were starting from oral translation until the birth of interpretive products with various dynamics in them. The research question is, what are the forms of the dynamics of the study of the Quran in Indonesia. This study shows that the study of the Quran in Indonesia is moving dynamically, especially in terms of language characters and paradigms. The languages and characters used vary, ranging from Arabic and Arabic script to local-national languages and scripts (Indonesian and Latin characters), such as jawi, lontara, and pegon. Furthermore, the paradigm is also dynamic, such as textual and contextual approaches. The textual approach has characteristics dealing with the linguistic area and historical context of the Quran, not touching the context in which the Quranic verse is studied. Then the contextual approach, which is not only a linguistic aspect but also pays attention to the context both when the Quran was revealed and the context in which the Quran lives, to see the universal meaning of the Quran. In Indonesia, contextual approaches have started in the reformative or modern-contemporary era, at the end of the 20th century AD, and have developed until now.

Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang perkembangan kajian al Quran di Indonesia. Melalui pendekatan historis-analitis dapat diketahui bahwa sejak masuknya Islam ke Indonesia, kajian al Quran selalu mengalami perkembangan. Berawal dari terjemahan secara lisan, hingga lahirnya produk-produk tafsir dengan berbagai dinamika di dalamnya. Pertanyaan yang ingin dijawab dalam penelitian ini adalah terkait apa saja bentuk dinamika kajian al Quran yang terjadi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kajian al Quran di Indonesia bergerak dinamis, terutama dalam aspek bahasa-aksara dan paradigma.  Bahasa dan aksara yang dipakai beragam, mulai dari bahasa dan aksara Arab sampai pada bahasa dan aksara lokal-nasional (bahasa Indonesia dan aksara latin), seperti aksara jawi, lontara, dan pegon. Sedangkan paradigmapun juga dinamis, yaitu pendekatan tekstual dan kontekstual.  Pendekatan tekstual memiliki karaktersitik berkutat pada wilayah linguistik dan konteks sejarah al Quran, tidak menyinggung konteks di mana ayat al Quran itu dikaji. Kemudian pendekatan kontekstual yang tidak hanya aspek linguistiknya saja, tetapi juga memerhatikan konteks saat al Quran itu diturunkan maupun konteks dimana al Quran itu hidup  untuk melihat makna universal al Quran. Di Indonesia, Pendekataan kontekstual sudah mulai terjadi di era reformatif atau modern-kontemporer, akhir abad ke-20 M dan berkembang sampai sekarang.
The Role of Personality Psychology in Islamic Religious Education
Authors: Yusuf Ahmad , Wijaya Mirza Mahbub , Mohdlori Ahmad , Susilo Hadi , Ansori Muhamad , Nuryadi Muchammad
Published: October 2021

This article aims to discuss the role of personality psychology in Islamic Education. This research is a literature study with a descriptive-analytic approach. This research background is about the concept and definition of Personality psychology and its roles in Islamic Education. From the discussion of this article, it can be concluded that personality is a characteristic inherent in a person that distinguishes individuals from one another. Meanwhile, personality psychology is a science that specifically studies the symptoms of a person's psychological phenomena related to personality, namely the character, nature, and behavior of humans in daily life. There are many different definitions of personality in psychology. However, as a whole, it shows an understanding that fundamental, namely personality, is about individual differences. Meanwhile, in terms of the contribution of Personality Psychology, it has a crucial role in the educational process. Learning can run well if the teacher/educator can understand the characteristics of students as learning subjects in school institutions.

 Artikel ini bertujuan membahas peran psikologi kepribadian dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah literatur dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitik. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masalah bagaimana konsep dan definisi psikologi kepribadian serta bagaimanakah peranannya dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepribadian adalah ciri khas yang melekat pada diri seseorang yang membedakan individu satu dengan yang lainnya. Sedangkan psikologi kepribadian adalah ilmu yang secara khusus mempelajari gejala fenomena kejiwaan seseorang yang berkaitan dengan personalitas, yaitu watak, sifat dan tingkah laku manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Terdapat banyak perbedaan pengertian mengenai kepribadian dalam psikologi. Akan tetapi, secara keseluruhan menunjukkan adanya kesepahaman bahwa yang mendasar yaitu personalitas adalah mengenai perbedaan individual. Sedangkan dalam hal kontribusi, psikologi kepribadian memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam proses pendidikan. Pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan baik apabila dalam pelaksanaannya guru/pendidik memiliki kemampuan memahami karakteristik peserta didik selaku subyek pembelajar dalam lembaga sekolah.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Savi Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Puisi Siswa Kelas IV SDN 030 Bagan Jaya
Authors: Pebriana Putri Hana , Mufarizuddin Mufarizuddin
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi rendahnya hasil keterampilan membaca puisi siswa kelas IV di SDN 030 Bagan Jaya. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran SAVI. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran SAVI untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca puisi siswa di SDN 030 Bagan Jaya. Metode Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan dan empat tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, refleksi, dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2020. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 20 orang, dengan jumlah siswa laki-laki 7 orang, dan siswa perempuan berjumlah 13 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi, observasi, dan tes keterampilan membaca puisi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan membaca puisi di kelas V SDN 030 Bagan Jaya pada siklus I tergolong baik dengan rata-rata 77,4, artinya dari 20 orang siswa hanya 16 orang yang tuntas dengan ketuntasan klasikal 75%. Pada siklus II tergolong baik dengan rata-rata 82 dari 20 orang siswa terdapat 19 orang siswa yang tuntas dengan ketuntasan klasikal 95%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran SAVI dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca puisi kelas IV SDN 030 Bagan Jaya.
TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN DENGAN PENDAPAT SAHABAT
Authors: Mokodenseho Sabil
Published: October 2021

Penafsiran sahabat mulanya didasarkan atas sumber yang mereka terima langsung dari Nabi Muhammad SAW., baik itu menerima bentuk dan bacaan ayat Al-Quran, menyaksikan peristiwa atau sebab turunnya ayat (asbabun nuzul), maupun mendengarkan dan memahami tafsiran ayat al-Qur’an secara baik. Sumber penafsiran sahabat, yakni al-Qur’an, hadis, ijtihad/kekuatan istinbath (melalui bahasa, budaya, adat kebiasaan bangsa Arab), serta cerita ‘Ahl al-Kitāb dari kaum Yahudi dan Nasrani yang dikenal dengan isrāiliyyat. Sumber penafsiran itu mengakibatkan penafsiran mereka, beragam. Sebagian masuk kategori tafsir riwayah/tafsir al-ma’thsūr dan sebagian masuk tafsir dirayah/tafsir bi al-ra’yi. Penafsiran sahabat yang merupakan kategori tafsir riwayah adalah penjelasan sahabat berkaitan dengan asbabun nuzul ayat al-Qur’an, berita gaib tentang masa lalu (kisah para Nabi dan orang saleh), dan berita masa depan (huru hara kiamat, alam barzakh, surga, neraka, dan sebagainya). Kemudian, penafsiran sahabat yang masuk kategori tafsir dirayah yakni penafsiran yang bersumber dari ijtihad dan pemahaman bahasa Arab para sahabat. Apabila mereka berijmak pada penafsiran ayat, maka ijmak-nya memiliki hukum marfu’, sedangkan penafsiran mereka yang berasal dari ‘Ahl al-Kitāb, itu masuk dalam pembahasan isrāiliyyat, bukan sumber penafsiran sahabat. Para sahabat menyebutkan riwayat dari ‘Ahl al-Kitāb dari segi keilmuan dan riwayat, bukan karena segi tafsir Al-Quran.
Rút bài vì sử dụng dữ liệu trái phép
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: October 2021

SSHPA (30-09-2021) — Tạp chí International Journal of Older People Nursing đã ra quyết định rút bài báo “Co-designing technology with people with dementia and their carers: Exploring user perspectives when co-creating a mobile health application” vì lý do khá đặc biệt: Tác giả duy nhất của bài sử dụng dữ liệu không được phép, và không ghi nhận vai trò của các nhà nghiên cứu và nguồn tài trợ khác [1,2].
The Subversion Dilemma: Why Voters Who Cherish Democracy Participate in Democratic Backsliding
Authors: Braley Alia , Lenz Gabriel , Adjodah Dhaval , Rahnama Hossein , Pentland Alex
Published: October 2021

Around the world, would-be authoritarian leaders have convinced their supporters to vote away the democracies they claim to cherish. How is this possible? We argue that simply fearing that opposing partisans support democratic backsliding can lead individuals to support it themselves. Would-be authoritarians may then be able to start a self-reinforcing dynamic of democratic backsliding by fostering these fears, which then generate exaggerated fears on the other. Using observational and experimental studies (N=4,400), we present four findings consistent with this account: Republicans and Democrats (1) overestimate opposing partisan willingness to break democratic norms; (2) will support their party breaking democratic norms themselves to the extent that they overestimate willingness by the other side; (3) that experimentally correcting this overestimation reduces support for breaking norms, and (4) increases the likelihood of voting for candidates that uphold democratic norms. Our findings suggest that we can foster democratic stability even in a highly polarized society using interventions that simply correct misperceptions about opposing partisans’ commitment to democratic norms
Self-construal priming does not shift self-descriptions, value endorsement, or social obligation judgment: A preregistered replication and extension of Gardner, Gabriel, & Lee (1999)
Authors: Lin Zhicheng , Wu Yichen
Published: October 2021

Humans from different cultures define the self differently, but how cultures influence self-construal—beliefs about the self—remains elusive. Do cultures mold our way of perceiving, thinking, feeling, and acting, much into a habit through cultural practices and daily routines (habit mechanism)? Or do cultures merely modify the accessibility of a certain way of perceiving, thinking, feeling, and acting, just as one’s thoughts constantly change on a daily basis based on the current motive and situation (access mechanism)? A highly influential line of work in cultural priming—self-construal priming—suggests that reading different story primes (reflecting either independent or interdependent thought processes) or circling different types of pronouns in word-search primes (either independent [e.g., I, mine] or interdependent [e.g., we, ours] pronouns) can shift self-descriptions, value endorsement, and social obligation judgment (Gardner, Gabriel, & Lee, 1999). In this preregistered replication and extension study, despite efforts to maximize priming and to identify moderators, we found that self-construal priming, either through story primes or word-search primes, did not change the relative independence or interdependence of one’s self-construal in Chinese participants. Priming was also not modulated by gender, experience living aboard, rice vs. wheat farming legacy, or self-reported earnestness in answering the questions. Thus, the predominant access afforded by cultures is much less malleable than previously assumed, consistent with the habit but not access mechanism of cultural influences. To build a cumulative and reproducible cultural psychology, we call for direct replications of key findings in cultural priming and related literature.
Evaluation of Anti-arthritic activity of Ficus benghalensis Linn. root extracts on Freund’s adjuvant induced Arthritis in rats
Authors: Bhardwaj Lokesh K , Chandrul Kaushal K , Sharma U.S.
Published: October 2021

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanol and aqueous extract of root of Ficus benghalensis on Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. The crude ethanol and aqueous root extract was administered orally at dose of 300mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Indomethacin at dose of 10mg/kg body weight was used as standard drug. The paw volume was measured on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. At the end of day 28th the animals were anaesthetized with anesthetic ether and blood was collected from retro-orbital route to all the groups of animals and various haematological parameters such as hemoglobin content, total WBC, RBC and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were estimated. The body weight of the animals was measured by digital balance to access the course of the disease at the initial day before induction and the end of 28th day. The results indicate that at the dose of 300mg/kg b.w, both the extracts protect the rats against primary and secondary arthritic lesions, body weight changes and haematological perturbations induced by FCA. Daily treatment with crude extracts and standard drug effectively inhibits paw edema in rats. Both the extracts significantly (p<0.01) altered the parameters which were estimated, when compared to control group rats. The observations showed that ethanol extract show highly inhibition of paw edema in rats. The ethanol extract inhibits rat paw edema by 63.64% than the aqueous extract 31.82% when compared to standard drug 62.34% on 28th day. At the end of study the ethanol extract show more pronounce effect then aqueous extract when compared to standard drug. Our findings showed a significant anti-arthritic activity of Ficus benghalensis root extracts against FCA induced arthritis in rats.
Antibacterial activities and phytochemical properties of extracts of Dioscorea bulbifera Linn (Air Potatoe) tubers and peels against some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Adeosun Omolade Mary , Arotupin Daniel Juwon , Toba Odeyemi Adebowale , Adebayo Alaba Adewole
Published: October 2021

The antibacterial activities and bioactive constituents of ethanolic and aqueous extract of parts of the tuber against ten (10) clinical pathogens were determined, using agar well diffusion and standard techniques respectively. The proximate profile of this tuber included moisture content, ash, crude protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate with varying percentages. The tuber was recorded to contain higher amount of saponin with the average of 24 mg/g, followed by cardiac glycosides with 13.13 mg/g, terpenoid with 8.48 mg/g, flavonoids followed with 5.36 mg/g and tannin with 4.21 mg/g was the least among the bioactive ingredients. Except for Proteus vulgaris, Serratia liquefaciens, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus and Citrobacter freundii, other test isolates were susceptible to the effect of the ethanolic extract of the peel of D. bulbifera at 500 µg/ml. High inhibition zones (between 17 and 22 mm) were recorded against 80% of the test organisms at 1000 µg/ml, except for 15 mm zone recorded against Bacillus cereus. The MIC and MBC of extract of D. bulbifera ranged in respect to the parts from 125 µg/ml to 500 µg/ml; and 250 µg/ml to 1000 µg/ml for peels and bulbils respectively. Antibacterial activity of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the bulbils of D. bulbifera was however, not profound in this present study compared to that of the peel. This study therefore, affirmed that D. bulbifera is a novel source of bioactive compounds which do not only enhance the antibacterial properties, but also ascertain its health promoting qualities.
Pharmacognostic, physicochemical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Careya arborea Roxb.; A review
Authors: Khaliq Hafiz Abdul
Published: October 2021

Since the birth of humans on this planet, plants have been utilized for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various ailments. C. arborea belonging to family Lecythidaceae is one the most utilized plants. It is a tree having large sessile yellowish flowers and large green berry type fruits with persistent style and calyx. Traditionally is has been used to treat cough and cold, infertility, jaundice developed after delivery, piles, blood dysentery, scorpion sting, sores in intestine, bed sores, ear pain, snake bite, inflammation, ulcer, spermatorrhoea and wounds in humans and corneal opacity and weakness in animals. Many pharmacological activities of this plant are reported viz. antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, CNS depressant and anticoagulant. Various phenolic compounds, sterols, terpenes, saponins and tannins have been isolated from this plant. Pharmacognostic studies for its authentication have also been carried out. Hamdard Ghutti® is one of the available polyherbal formulations containing C. arborea. This review provides adequate information about ethnomedicinal uses, general morphology, pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters, phytoconstituents, pharmacological properties, and available formulations of this plant.
Anticonvulsant, Anthelmintic and Antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis
Authors: Wadekar Jyoti B. , Pawar P. Y. , Nimbalkar V. V. , Honde B. S. , Jadhav P. R. , Nale S. B.
Published: October 2021

Lawsonia inermis L. is a branched glabrous shrub or small tree, cultivated for its leaves although stem bark, roots, flowers and seeds have also been used in traditional medicine. In the present study anticonvulsant, anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of chloroform, ethanol and water extract of Lawsonia inermis has been carried out. Anticonvulsant activity was performed using electroshock method, anthelmintic assay using adult earthworm Eicinia fetida and antibacterial activity was determined by cup-plate agar diffusion method. The phytochemical study of extracts shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins and coumarin. The activity may be due to these compounds. This study shows the anticonvulsant activity, anthelmintic activity and antibacterial activity of henna leaves.
Pharmacological evaluation of wound healing activity of herbal based formulation “Amree Plus®” in diabetic rats
Authors: Thakur Sunita , Dhamija Isha , Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Anil Kumar , Verma Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Delayed wound healing is producing high economic burden on the society and is generally associated with Diabetes mellitus or related complications thus needs safe treatment like herbal formulation. „Amree Plus® (an anti-diabetic ayurvedic formulation)‟ was evaluated for wound healing potential in normal and diabetic rats. The effect of polyherbal formulation Amree plus ® on wound healing has been studied in diabetic and normal animals and compared with standard (Chymoral Forte) using excision wound model. Diabetes was induced by administration of single dose of Streptozotocin 55 mg/kg i.p. The biochemical parameters i.e. hydroxyl proline content, total protein content, glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also estimated. Rats treated with Amree Plus® at both doses i.e. 1200 and 5400 mg/kg dose per day had significantly high wound contraction both in diabetic and normal rats (88.91 & 95.05 %, respectively) in comparison to respective control. Hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue and anti-oxidants (glutathione and SOD) level were also showing same pattern in Amree Plus® 5400 mg/kg treatment group with respect to controls. Wound contraction and other biochemical indicators results with animals Amree Plus® (1200 mg/kg) treated were found to be statistically equivalent to standard chymoral forte dose (36 kAU/kg) while Amree Plus® 5400 mg/kg dose showed statistically higher results than standard. Amree Plus®, an established antidiabetic formulation, was also showing healing of the wound in normal animals along with diabetic animals. So this finding should be confirmed further for more precision with large number of animals and small progression of doses.
Nephrotoxicity effects of Khat (Catha edulis) on mice when administered orally
Authors: Gitonga Godfrey Mutuma , Ngeranwa Joseph , Machocho Alex King’ori , Muthee Daniel Gaichu , Kimutai Rodgers , Gitonga Ann Wanjiru
Published: October 2021

Renal problems are currently on increase worldwide. Some factors suspected to be the cause of the renal problems are drug abuse. Hence, this study investigated possible renal toxicity effect of Khat in male albino mice. Khat alkaloids were extracted from fresh Khat shoots and leaves. The Khat extract were administered orally through intubation. Accordingly, forty- five albino mice (20 – 25g) were distributed randomly into nine groups (n = 5). Negative controls (NCs) received purely distilled water. Positive controls (PCs) received indomethacin at a dosage of 2mg/Kg/day as a twice dose per day. Test groups received Khat extract administered in combination of 2ml tea, 2ml water, 2ml milk, 2ml coffee, 2ml coke, 2g patico sweet and 2g groundnut. To each test group Khat extract was administered at a dosage of 2000mg/Kg/day for four weeks. Blood samples were collected from all animals for biochemical analysis after four weeks which included the renal function tests such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. The histological and cytological studies were done using H&E staining technique. There was an increased level of renal biochemical markers in all albino mice serum exposed to Khat extract. There was a significant different between levels of renal biochemical enzymes biomarkers at p<0.05. There were signs of adverse effects of Khat on kidney of mice.
Ethnobotanic and toxicological study of some medecinal plants used in treatment of diabetes
Authors: Sadat Baba O Zeine Mohamed Anouar , Denis Bedou Kouassi , gilles Konkon N’ dri , Joseph Djaman A. , Jean-David N’guessan
Published: October 2021

Aim: These ethnobotanical investigations within drug sellers of medicinal plants in Côte d'Ivoire (CI) were performed in order to contribute to a better knowledge of plants with antidiabetic effect. They were carried in Adjamé "Quartier rouge" in the district of Abidjan. Methods and Results: The results obtained allowed to inventory 16 species of medicinal plants belonging to 13 families. All of these species are used in the treatment of various pathologies such as diabetes. In order to establish the safety of these plants in the diabetic treatment, acute toxicity tests were performed. To this end, the LD50 was determined in rats. It was determined haematological and biochemical parameters after repeated dosing of 2000 mg/kg of body weight (bw) of aqueous extract of Calotropis procera„leaf, Bauhinia thonningi‟fruit, Fagara zanthoxyloides‟barks and Cassia siberiana‟roots to those rats during 14 days. The aqueous extracts had no effect on most of blood parameters tests. These studies have shown that aqueous extracts of these plants were not toxic in the experimental dose. Conclusion: This study was conducted in the context to perform pharmacological and toxicological experiments for implementation of innovative initiatives in Côte d‟Ivoire. That may lead in the future, to the manufacture of improved traditional drugs (TID).
Toxicity evaluation and protective effect of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract in paracetamol induced oxidative stress in wister rats
Authors: Olorunnisola Olubukola S. , Adetutu Adewale , Owoade Abiodun O. , Adesina Babatunde T. , Adegbola Peter
Published: October 2021

Aim: Acute toxicity and protective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. against Paracetamol induced oxidative stress was investigated. The LD50 of the leaf extract was determined using up and down technique and the effect of 1/10th and 1/20th/ LD50 of the extract on antioxidants enzymes and non-enzymes were assessed in the serum and isolated liver of normal and Paracetamol intoxicated rats. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s t-test was used as the test of significance. Values were considered significant at P value < 0.05. The results obtained indicated that LD50 of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg /body weight. A significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in the level of hepatic (H) TBARs (81.97%), Catalase (38.42%) and serum (S) TBARs (164.44%) and catalase (64.72%) respectively but, a significant (P<0.05) decrease in hepatic activities of SOD, GPX, GR, vitamin C and E in paracetamol treated groups when compared with the serum and normal control group respectively. The extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg/body/weight) and the standard silymarin significantly (p<0.05) restored the derange antioxidants parameters to near normal in dose dependent manners. The activities of the extract at the highest concentration (500 mg/kg/b.wt) compared favourably with the standard drug. The results suggested that the leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. contain bioactive compounds which could protect against toxicity induced oxidative stress. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further investigations in the search for the bioactive principle.
In vivo antidiabetic activity of aqueous and ethyl acetate leaf extract of Senna singuena (Delile) in alloxan induced diabetic mice
Authors: Stephen Njogu M. , Wycliffe Arika M. , Alex Machocho K. , Joseph Ngeranwa J.N. , Eliud Njagi N.M.
Published: October 2021

The folkloric claims that Senna singuena confers antidiabetic effect to prescribed patients has received long term clinical application accompanied by limited scientific data in support of such claims. This study aimed at bioscreening for hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous and organic fractions of S. singuena in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Type I diabetes mellitus was induced in mice by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate followed by graded doses of the aqueous and ethyl acetate leaf extract administered to the experimentally diabetic mice following an overnight fast. The composition of the various phytochemicals of the plant extract was quantitatively assessed using standard procedures. Oral and intraperitoneal administration of the aqueous and ethyl acetate leaf extract caused a significant reduction in plasma glucose level in a dose independent manner in both fractions. The hypoglycemic activity could be attributed to phytoconstituents found in the plant extract. The generated data supports the folkloric claims associating S. singuena with hypoglycemic effects. However, there is need for further studies on this plant to investigate the mechanism of its activity and determine its safety profiles in order to explore possibilities of developing a new antidiabetic drug.
Gastro-duodenal protective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Daucuscarota sativus Linn. (Apiaceae) in rats and its possible mechanism of action
Authors: Agbaje Esther Oluwatoyin , Fageyinbo Muyiwa Samuel , Alabi Olaitan Oladele
Published: October 2021

Background: Daucuscarota sativus L. (Apiaceae) commonly known as ‘carrot’ is a multipurpose herb cultivated in different parts of the world for its edible roots, juice, oils and leaves. Carrot root as well as its leaves has been credited with many medicinal properties, including cleansing of the intestine and maintenance of acid-alkaline balance in the body. Carrot leaves also known as carrot tops or carrot greens have been used locally as a decoction for healing mouth sores, and in some cases, mixed with honey to clean festering wounds. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the possible gastro-duodenal protective property of Daucuscarota sativus (DCS) aqueous leaf extract on laboratory-induced ulcers. Aqueous leaf extract prepared by maceration was orally administered one hour before ulcerogens in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to groups of randomized adult rats of both sexes. Gastric ulcers were induced using pyloric ligation, methyleneblue, and acetic acid, while cysteamine, and indomethacin-histamine were separately employed for induction of duodenal ulcers in the animals. Positive controls were given standard drugs appropriate for each experimental model. Phytochemical screening of the freshly prepared extract was also carried out, as well as evaluating its antioxidant activity. In each of the models, the aqueous leaf extract of DCS showed a significant (p<0.05-0.001) dose-independent protection against peptic ulcer. The effects produced by the aqueous leaf extract of DCS were comparable to those of the standard drugs (omeprazole; 200 µg/kg, ranitidine; 50 mg/kg, and cimetidine; 50 mg/kg). Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract of Daucuscarota sativus revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, some of which have been reported to elicit cytoprotective effect. Antioxidant analysis showed significant scavenging effect of free radical using nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and DPPH assay. The findings in this study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of DCS possesses cytoprotective effect and also reduces secretion of secretagogues, thereby protecting against gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Standardization of Haridradi churna- physicochemical assay and HPTLC profile
Authors: V Soumya Priyadarshini , VK Chethan Kumar
Published: October 2021

Haridradi churna, a polyherbal preparation containing Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn.), Devadaru (Cedrus deodar Roxb), Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl) and Yastimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) has been mentioned in Ayurveda texts for umbilical cord care in new born baby. Since the therapeutic values and efficacy of the herbals depend on many factors such as geographical variations, seasons of collection and method of preparation, a physicochemical assay and HPTLC analysis of the above formulation has been taken up in the present study. Standard protocols for AYUSH drugs have been followed in the study. The HPTLC profile of the alcohol extract of the drug revealed the presence of thirteen photochemical with Rf values ranging from 0.04 to 0.95. The results are useful in quality control and standardization of Haridradi churna formulation.
Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract of Turnera subulata Smith (Passifloraceae)
Authors: Vivekraj P , Vinotha S , Vijayan A , V Anand Gideon
Published: October 2021

The investigation was carried out to determine the possible phytochemical constituents from aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Turnera subulata leaf extracts. Among the phytochemical screening of these extracts, Methanolic extract showed that the leaf was rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins and quinones. The chemical composition of the plant leaf extract of T. subulata was investigated using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (Agilent-7890A GC instrument coupled with MS-5975) and NIST-MS library. GC-MS analysis of T. subulata plant leaf extract, revealed the existence of the GC-MS chromatogram of the major peaks presented in methanolic extract like Methyl 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoate (23.244%), Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-,methyl ester (8.654%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (8.654%), 4H-Pyran4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (6.598%), 1b,4a-Epoxy-2H-cyclopenta[3,4] cyclopropa[8,9]cycloundec[1,2-b] oxiren-5(1aH)-one(5.400%), 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1- ol(5.400%), etc. From this study it is obvious that T. subulata leaf extract contains many biologically active compounds and also it gives a detailed insight about the phytochemical profile which could be exploited for the development of plant based drug.
Hepatotoxicity: Treatment, causes and applications of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents
Authors: Thompson Meagan , Jaiswal Yogini , Wang Ilya , Williams Leonard
Published: October 2021

Hepatotoxicity, or liver damage, is caused by hepatotoxins, which may source from chemicals, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical drugs, and medicinal plants. Notably, numerous medicinal plants are used to alleviate illness, particularly in traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine. These systems of medicine have been implemented for centuries for treating various ailments. Some medicinal plants serve as hepatoprotectors against liver damage, while others induce hepatotoxicity. Recent advances in instrumentation and knowledge of active components have allowed research scientists to study the drug metabolic pathways of these phytopharmaceuticals to establish a causal relationship between medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects on the human liver, as a hepatoprotector or a causative agent for hepatotoxicity. The human liver metabolizes substances via oxidation, reduction, hydration, hydrolysis, condensation, conjugation, or isomerization. Interruption of these processes can lead to hepatotoxicity, causing liver cancer, cirrhosis and Hepatitis C, respectively. Such diseases are responsible for higher mortality rates worldwide. The present review focuses on highlighting various plants that are hepatoprotective, hepatotoxic and the challenges faced by phytopharmaceuticals. The article also emphasizes on various agents (bioactives from medicinal plants, industrial toxins and pharmaceutical compounds) that have been reported to cause hepatotoxicity. The article proposes views and beneficial medicinal plants that can help in identification of natural hepatoprotective agents for future natural product based drug discovery.
Role of Dhoopan Karma and Gauradya Ghrita in the management of Dushta Vrana (infected wound)
Authors: Purnesh Sahu , Smriti Chandrakar , Balendra Singh , Toppo Aradhana
Published: October 2021

Ayurveda is that which deals with good, bad, happy and unhappy life, its promoters and non-promoters, measurement and nature. Shalya Tantra is a specialized branch of Ayurveda in which Surgical, Medicinal and Parasurgical (Minimal invasive surgical measures) like Agnikarma, Ksharkarma, Siravedha, Jalokavacharana etc. are described for management of various diseases. Vrana is one of them which have been managed by human being from very beginning of civilization. Under this circumstance the first thing which the man came across was the injury by different sources which caused wound. All the chronic and non healing ulcers remains with slough, foul smell, discharge which are considered as Dushta Vrana. Vrana which has foul smell, contiuously flowing putrefied pus along with blood, abnormal colour, intense pain, takes long time to heal etc. Wound healing is a natural process, but factors like slough, infections, and foreign bodies affect the process of normal healing. Dushta Vrana is one of the vranas which needs treatment for healing, Vitiateddoshas cannot be treated with a single drug all times. Therefore number of drugs of different properties is described as Vrana shodhaka (Dhoopana karma) and Vrana ropaka (Gauradyaghrita) in the management of Dushta Vrana.
Antioxidant activity of Algerian Nigella sativa total oil and its unsaponifiable fraction
Authors: Guergouri Fatima Zohra , Sobhi Widad , Benboubetra Mustapha
Published: October 2021

Background/Aim: Nigella sativa(NS) oil is usually considered as oxidatively stable, the aim of this study is to evaluate its antioxidant capacity in vitro and that of its unsaponifiable fraction by several mechanisms. Methods: NS seed total oil (TO) was extracted with n-hexane and this oil was further the matrix to extract the unsaponifiable fraction (UF). TO and its UF were investigated for the antioxidant activity using the following spectrophotometric assays:ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH (2, 2’- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)and H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) radicals scavenging tests and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity assay. All tests were realized by spectrophotometric methods. Results: Quantitative determination of phenols and flavonoids in TO and UF showed that UF has the highest phenolic and flavonoid concentrations with 24,73±0,51 µg GAE/g extract and 8,31±0,40 µg QAE/g extract respectively. All antioxidant assays showed that UF has the strongest antioxidant capacity with; IC50 0,455 ±0,01 mg/ml in ABTS scavenging assay, IC50 113,24 ±0,425 mg/ml in DPPH scavenging assay and IC50 of 0,324±0,003 mg/ml in H2O2 scavenging assay, equally, UF has the strongest Lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity With a percentage inhibition of 57.5%. Conclusion: The results obtained in this investigation showed that the UF has an important antioxidant capacity, which make NS an attractive source of new therapeutic components.
Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects of dichloromethane stem bark extract of Acacia mellifera
Authors: Veronica Sindani Akumu , Cheruiyot Koech Samson , Bosibori Maoga Jane , Munene Ireri Moses , Murugi Njagi Joan , Piero Ngugi Mathew
Published: October 2021

The present study was designed to assess the in vivo antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect of the dichloromethane stem bark extract of Acacia mellifera on experimental animal model at three different dose levels of 50, 100 and 150mg/kg body weight respectively. In addition, phytochemical screening of the extract was done. The inflammatory effect was evaluated by use of carragenaan-induced paw edema in mice, pain was determined using formalin-induced writhing in mice and pyrexia was determined by turpentine-induced pyrexia in rats. The activity of the herbal extract was compared to diclofenac sodium and aspirin. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoid, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and phenolics. The plant extract produced marked anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenaninduced mice paw edema assay, suppressed licking response of animals in both phases of the formalin- induced test and exhibited appreciable antipyretic effects in turpentine-induced pyrexia in rats. The study thus supports the folklore use of the plant in the treatment and management of inflammation, pain and pyrexia.
Ethnomedicinal, Antimicrobial and Pharmacological aspects of Malva parviflora Linn.: A review
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Navneet Dr.
Published: October 2021

Malva parviflora Linn. has shown its pharmacological potential in different ailments. Leaves are used in the management of wounds and swelling. A lotion made from the leaves is used to treat bruises and broken limbs. The leaves of M. parviflora are used for drawing swollen, inflamed purulent wounds. Pharmacological studies shown that M. parviflora possesses antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-irritant, antioxidant, anti-ulcerogenic, analgesic and other activities. It is well known that M. parviflora have been a major source of natural antioxidants. M. parviflora contains flavonoids and phenolic compounds. It was found that methanol fraction of polyphenols from leaves and stems of M. parviflora contain different amounts of phenols, flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, resin and tannin. M. parviflora has been widely used in many parts of the world for curing various diseases.
Purified solasodine from Solanum mauritianum Scop. and its molecular mechanism of antimetastatic potential
Authors: Jayakumar K , Murugan K
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer has been identified as one of the most common type of cancer among female human population. General treatment approaches against breast cancer includes radio, chemo or hormonal therapy. Unfortunately, most of these approaches ameliorate the target and evoke adverse side effects. Phytochemicals including alkaloids are reported to alleviate ailments with no or little side effects. Bug weed (Solanum mauritianum Scop.), an evergreen medium sized tree of Solanaceae, a native of South America was used for treating different pain disorders. Glycoalkaloid solasodine was isolated and purified from S. mauritianum and was identified by 1H NMR. Cytotoxic evaluation by MTT assay against MCF-7 breast cell lines revealed significant inhibition. In order to confirm the antimetastatic property and to elucidate the mode of action, molecular targets and signalling pathways, transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis of the cell cycle regulatory proteins such as p53, p21, cyclin D1, cyclin E and molecules involved in apoptosis (PARP, procaspase 7, 8 and 9) and Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax and Bak) were analysed. Solasodine treated MCF-7 cells showed varying degrees of cellular damage. Early apoptotic cells have degraded DNA with cell blebbing. Late apoptotic and necrotic cells showed fragmented DNA with reddish and green staining. Solasodine exhibited an upregulation of p53 and p21 proteins. Meanwhile, a decrease in the expression levels was noticed with cyclin D1 and E within 12 h of treatment. Procaspase-7, 8 and 9 showed reduced expression on solasodine application, suggesting the alkaloid has a triggering effect on the induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Interestingly, procaspase-9 was up regulated after 48 h following an initial down regulation. The results proposes that the activation of caspase-9 begins earlier compared to caspase-7 and 8. Further, solasodine elevated the expression of cleaved PARP moderately (24 h). In addition, solasodine treated MCF-7 cells showed significant decline in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL (anti-apoptotic protein) after 48 h, with an increase in Bax and Bak (pro- apoptotic protein) expression. Therefore it can be interpreted that the solasodine inhibited the cell cycle at G2/M and the anti-apoptotic signals and promoted pro-apoptotic signals, thereby the mitochondrial permeability.
Cytotoxic activity of Acalypha indica L. hexane extract on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7)
Authors: Chekuri Sudhakar , Panjala Shivaprasad , Anupalli Roja Rani
Published: October 2021

Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Research advances over the past two decades have changed the landscape of breast cancer care. Genetic testing, targeted treatments and more precise surgical techniques have helped boost survival rates in some cases while helping to support breast cancer patients’ quality of life. The herb Acalypha indica which belongs to Euphorbiaceae family has multiple medicinal properties which include anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-helmintic, anti-ulcer, anti-venom, anticancerous, and neuro-protective activity. The present study emphasises cytotoxic activity of hexane leaf crude extract of Acalypha indica Linn. On mcf-7cell lines by MTT (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2)-2,5- Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay method using Cisplatin as a positive control. Hexane Crude extract of different concentrations (10µg/ml, 25µg/ml, 50µg/ml and 100µg/ml) were treated with cell lines, Out of these concentrations 50µg/ml showed maximum inhibitory effect (IC50 value). Hence the present study is taken up to systematically evaluate the anti-cancer properties of the extracts and also to isolate and characterize the active principles of Acalypha indica.
Evaluation of the fertility activity of the aqueous leaves extract of Zanthoxylum macrophylla (Rutaceae) on male rats
Authors: Alphonse Ngandjui , Marie Ngaha Njila , Hubert Kenmogne , Landry Koloko Brice , Dieudonné Massoma Lembe , Fortune Bend Emma , Pierre Oundoum Oudoum , Judith Domkam , Paul Moundipa , Théophile Dimo
Published: October 2021

Zanthoxylum macrophylla, one of the useful medicinal plants in Cameroon, was scientifically conducted to find its aqueous extract leaves effect in some fertility parameters of male rats. 24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, A, B and C group of six animals each. They received respectively 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Z. macrophylla leaves on daily basis for 14 days. There were no significant changes on the body weight of treated animals. However, the weight of testis and the Daily Sperm Production respectively increased at dose of 200 mg/kg (P< 0.05 and P< 0.001) and 400 mg/kg (P< 0.01 and P< 0.001) while the weight of seminal vesicle and prostate also increased respectively at dose of 200 mg/kg (P< 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (P< 0.01) when compared to the control. The serum testosterone level significantly increased at the dose of 200 mg/kg (P< 0.01) and 400 mg/kg (P< 0.001) while the total cholesterol decreased at dose of 400 mg/kg (P< 0.05) when compared to the control. The serum protein decreased respectively at dose of 200 mg/kg (P< 0.01) and 400 mg/kg (P< 0.01) when compared to the control. The histological sections of the testis did not show any structural abnormalities in all treated animals. These results indicate that Zanthoxylum macrophylla could improve male reproductive activities.
Therapeutic activity of Thonningia sanguinea aqueous extract, Vahl on an experimental colibacillosis in chicken
Authors: Tidiane Kamagaté , Abou Ouattara , Karamoko Ouattara , Moussa Sanogo , Daniel Saraka N’Guessan , Lacina Ouattara , Adama Coulibaly
Published: October 2021

Broiler breeding is faced with serious diseases, including colibacillosis, which is the leading cause of antibiotic therapy and the second leading cause of mortality in poultry after salmonellosis. It is caused by avian pathogens of E. coli. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Thonningia sanguinea on certain therapeutic parameters in broiler chickens during experimental colibacillosis compared to a usual antimicrobial against colibacillary diarrhea (colistin). For each parameter, three lots of chicken meat were used: two treated batches, one with the plant extract and the other with colistin and one untreated contaminated batch (control). The study was spread over two weeks and for one week each chicken in the treated batch absorbed 500 mg of plant extract daily. The results show that the aqueous extract of this plant causes an improved clinical index, increased mean weight gain, reduced organ damage, elimination of germs in affected organs, and decreased mortality compared to the control group. On all the parameters, other than the moisture content, the plant extract had a more beneficial effect than colistin. Under these conditions, this plant could be used as a veterinary product to control avian colibacillosis.