bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Doctor of Philosophy Experience of Athletic Trainers: Facilitators and Barriers to Anticipatory Faculty Socialization
Authors: Bowman Thomas G. , Klossner Joanne C. , Mazerolle Stephanie M.
Published: September 2017

Context: 

It is important to understand the process whereby athletic trainers learn about their future roles, particularly when the roles can be complex and demanding. Little is known about the experiences of athletic training doctoral students, including facilitators and barriers to socialization as aspiring faculty members.

Objective: 

To investigate factors influencing the anticipatory socialization of athletic training doctoral students into future faculty roles.

Design: 

Qualitative study.

Setting: 

Universities with athletic training doctoral students.

Patients or Other Participants: 

We recruited 28 students (19 women, 9 men, age = 28 ± 3 years) with a minimum of 1 year of doctoral coursework completed and participating in an assistantship at the time of the study to reach data saturation. Participants were certified for 6 ± 3 years and represented 5 National Athletic Trainers' Association districts and 9 institutions.

Data Collection and Analysis: 

We completed semistructured, 1-on-1 telephone interviews with participants. We transcribed each interview verbatim and analyzed the data using an inductive approach. Peer review, multiple-analyst triangulation, and member checks ensured trustworthiness.

Results: 

We uncovered 4 themes from our analysis related to facilitators and barriers to professional socialization. Participants described comprehensive autonomous experiences in research that allowed them to feel confident they could sustain a scholarly agenda. Independent experiences and lack of pedagogy training yielded mixed preparedness relative to teaching responsibilities. Limited formal experience led to incomplete role understanding related to the service component of the professoriate. Finally, with regard to the administrative duties associated with athletic training faculty positions, participants noted a lack of direct exposure to common responsibilities.

Conclusions: 

Role occupation in various aspects of the professoriate helped doctoral students prepare as future faculty members, although full role understanding was limited. Intentional exposure to research, teaching, service, and administrative expectations during doctoral experiences may facilitate the socialization of future athletic training faculty into academic roles.
Clinical Implications of Hand Position and Lower Limb Length Measurement Method on Y-Balance Test Scores and Interpretations
Authors: Hébert-Losier Kim
Published: September 2017

Context: 

The Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (LQ-YBT) was developed to provide an effective and efficient screen for injury risk in sports. Earlier protocol recommendations for the LQ-YBT involved the athlete placing the hands on the hips and the clinician normalizing scores to lower limb length measured from the anterior-superior iliac spine to the lateral malleolus. The updated LQ-YBT protocol recommends the athlete's hands be free moving and the clinician measure lower limb length to the medial malleolus.

Objective: 

To investigate the effect of hand position and lower limb length measurement method on LQ-YBT scores and their interpretation.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

National Sports Institute of Malaysia.

Patients or Other Participants: 

A total of 46 volunteers, consisting of 23 men (age = 25.7 ± 4.6 years, height = 1.70 ± 0.05 m, mass = 69.3 ± 9.2 kg) and 23 women (age = 23.5 ± 2.5 years, height = 1.59 ± 0.07 m, mass = 55.7 ± 10.6 kg).

Intervention(s): 

Participants performed the LQ-YBT with hands on hips and hands free to move on both lower limbs.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

In a single-legged stance, participants reached with the contralateral limb in each of the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions 3 times. Maximal reach distances in each direction were normalized to lower limb length measured from the anterior-superior iliac spine to the lateral and medial malleoli. Composite scores (average of the 3 normalized reach distances) and anterior-reach differences (in raw units) were extracted and used to identify participants at risk for injury (ie, anterior-reach difference ≥4 cm or composite score ≤94%). Data were analyzed using paired t tests, Fisher exact tests, and magnitude-based inferences (effect size [ES], ±90% confidence limits [CLs]).

Results: 

Differences between hand positions in normalized anterior-reach distances were trivial (t91 = −2.075, P = .041; ES = 0.12, 90% CL = ±0.10). In contrast, reach distances were greater when the hands moved freely for the normalized posteromedial (t91 = −6.404, P < .001; ES = 0.42, 90% CL = ±0.11), posterolateral (t91 = −6.052, P < .001; ES = 0.58, 90% CL = ±0.16), and composite (t91 = −7.296, P < .001; ES = 0.47, 90% CL = ±0.11) scores. A similar proportion of the cohort was classified as at risk with the hands on the hips (35% [n = 16]) and the hands free to move (43% [n = 20]; P = .52). However, the participants classified as at risk with the hands on the hips were not all categorized as at risk with the hands free to move and vice versa. The lower limb length measurement method exerted trivial effects on LQ-YBT outcomes.

Conclusions: 

Hand position exerted nontrivial effects on LQ-YBT outcomes and interpretation, whereas the lower limb length measurement method had trivial effects.
Gaining Access to Providing Medical Care to Male Sport Teams: The Female Athletic Trainer Perspective
Authors: Pike Alicia , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Barrett Jessica L.
Published: September 2017

Context: 

Female athletic trainers (ATs) can face barriers to employment within the profession. Although there is evidence for an increasing percentage of women in athletic training, the portion providing medical care to male sport teams within the professional sport and collegiate settings continues to be small.

Objective: 

To investigate the experiences of female ATs when seeking employment with male sport teams within the Division I setting.

Design: 

Qualitative study.

Setting: 

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I.

Patients or Other Participants: 

A total of 15 NCAA Division I female ATs providing medical care to a male sport team participated in our study. Their mean age was 33 ± 9 years, and they had a mean of 11 ± 9 years of overall clinical experience.

Data Collection and Analysis: 

All participants completed one-on-one phone interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Analysis of the data followed thematic analysis using a phenomenologic approach. Credibility was established through credibility checks, peer review, and researcher triangulation.

Results: 

Factors that played a role in women gaining employment with male sport teams were (1) preexisting professional relationships, (2) prior experience with a male sport, and (3) perseverance. Participants in our study were most attracted to their current positions because of (1) the environment of the collegiate setting and (2) the location of the university.

Conclusions: 

Job access for female ATs in this study was not viewed as a challenge. Familiarity through previous connections with the university and staff and commitment to career goals helped these women obtain the positions they held. The desire to work in male sports was not a primary contributing factor to the decision-making process. Progress continues for women in athletic training, as evidenced by the reported ease of job access with male sport teams.
Musings on intrusion geometry, chonoliths and mineral deposits
Authors: Saumur B -M
Published: September 2017

Several types of intrusion-hosted ore-deposits are formed within geometrically complex bodies, and the so-called "space problem" associated with the emplacement of these bodies within the crust is generally poorly understood. Felsic to intermediate porphyry-Cu
systems are often hosted within vertical pipes or stocks that are circular to elongate in plan view. Ni-Cu magmatic sulfide deposits are hosted within structurally complex feeder systems. These often have irregular to tube-shaped geometries unlike typical dykes, sills or laccoliths, which has led to
the resuscitation, by exploration and economic geologists alike, of the once-obsolete term "chonolith" to characterise such irregular intrusions. Both porphyry-Cu and magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide systems share other first-order similarities, such as late-stage volatile-rich magmas and emplacement within
environments of active deformation, indicating that despite their differences emplacement dynamics may be analogous.
In many cases irregular intrusion geometries can be explained internal and external structural processes. At Voisey's Bay (Labrador, Canada) for instance, magmatic Ni-Cu sulfides are located within dikes and at the base of a geometrically complex magma chamber. The chamber could, a priori, be termed
a chonolith; however, detailed 3D structural analysis of the chamber indicates that it consists of an amalgamation of sill-like magma bodies affected by intermittent local activity of faults. Dike-hosted mineralization is located within thickened portions of feeder dikes, which locally resemble some
mafic chonoliths in cross-section. The geometry of these dikes is strongly controlled by the interaction of pre-emplacement wall rock structure with intruding magmas, and dike widening by thermo-mechanical erosion of the surrounding wall rocks.
Chonoliths are ideal sites of Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization because they promote high magma fluxes and protracted magma flow-through, thereby favouring the interaction between metal-bearing mafic magmas and sulfide liquids that are progressively enriched in metals. Such processes occur at the relatively
local scales of 1-10 km magmatic complexes, and successful exploration must consider small-scale targeting within larger, regional scale igneous provinces. As an example, several magmatic complexes of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (Nunavut) show first-order architecture that would favour
Ni-Cu-PGE potential.
Homo metaphysicalis? The biological-rootedness of the metaphysical mind
Authors: Du Toit Cornel W.
Published: September 2017

This article gives a general introduction to reasons why metaphysics might be considered a human constant. The basic metaphysical stance is rooted in human nature and human consciousness, being open to change and continually challenged. The biological rootedness of metaphysics relates to human consciousness, human dualisms, language (especially metaphor) and the fact that humans are self-transcending beings. It is suggested that the dualisms humans experience and express are not foreign to nature and part of the knowledge process. It is argued that metaphysical concepts such as unity, holism and relatedness are still necessary for human self-understanding and understanding of reality. The focus on the exclusivity of the human mind (Kant) contributed to the objectification and eventual manipulation of nature in science and technology and culminated in modernism. The existentialist and nihilistic responses that followed were inevitable. The tacit role of metaphysics in physics is indicated with reference to concepts such as nothingness and the quest for unity. Humans are destined to update their metaphysics in an ever-changing world.
South African HIV self-testing policy and guidance considerations
Authors: Venter Francois , Majam Mohammed , Jankelowitz Lauren , Adams Siraaj , Moorhouse Michelle , Carmona Sergio , Stevens Wendy , Msimanga Busisiwe R. , Allen David , Balani Pooja , Nevhutalu Zwoitwaho , Rhagnath Naleni , Shroufi Amir , Devillé Walter , Kazangarare Victoria , Van der Wiel Renee , Templeman Hugo , Puren Adrian , Tucker Tim , Van Cutsem Gilles , Conradie Francesca , Dong Krista , Chidarikire Thato , Gray Andy
Published: September 2017

The gap in HIV testing remains significant and new modalities such as HIV self-testing (HIVST) have been recommended to reach key and under-tested populations. In December 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the Guidelines on HIV Self-Testing and Partner Notification: A Supplement to the Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Testing Services (HTS) and urged member countries to develop HIVST policy and regulatory frameworks. In South Africa, HIVST was included as a supplementary strategy in the National HIV Testing Services Policy in 2016, and recently, guidelines for HIVST were included in the South African National Strategic Plan for HIV, sexually transmitted infections and tuberculosis 2017–2022. This document serves as an additional guidance for the National HIV Testing Services Policy 2016, with specific focus on HIVST. It is intended for policy advocates, clinical and non-clinical HTS providers, health facility managers and healthcare providers in private and public health facilities, non-governmental, community-based and faith-based organisations involved in HTS and outreach, device manufacturers, workplace programmes and institutes of higher education.
Automated bone scan index as predictors of survival in prostate cancer
Authors: Wiyanto Joko , Shintawati Rini , Darmawan Budi , Hidayat Basuki , Kartamihardja Achmad
Published: September 2017

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men. Early diagnosis and right management of PCa is critical to reducing deaths; the life expectancy is the main factors to be considered in the management of PCa. Among patients who die from PCa, the incidence of skeletal involvement appears to be >85%. Bone scan (BS) is the most common method for monitoring bone metastases in patients with PCa. The extent of bone metastasis was also associated with patient survival until now there is no clinically useful technique for measuring bone tumors and includes this information in the risk assessment. An alternative approach is to calculate a BS index (BSI) and it has shown clinical significance as a prognostic imaging biomarker. Some computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed to measure BSI and are now available. The aim of this study was to investigate automated BSI (aBSI) measurements as predictors' survival in PCa. Retrospectively cohort studied fifty patients with PCa who had undergone BS between January 2010 and December 2011 at our institution. All data collected was updated up to August 2016. CAD system analyzing BS images to automatically compute BSI measurements. Patients were stratified into three BSI categories BSI value 0, BSI value ≤1 and BSI value >1. Kaplan–Meier estimates of the survival function and the log-rank test were used to indicate a significant difference between groups stratified in accordance with the BSI values. A total of 35 subjects deaths were registered, with a median survival time 36 months after the follow-up BS of 5 years. Subjects with low aBSI value had longer overall survival in comparison with the other subjects (P = 0.004). aBSI measurements were shown to be a strong prognostic survival indicator in PCa; survival is poor in high-BSI value.
Growth performance of three commercial strains of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) commonly reared in the humid tropics
Authors: Henry A.J. , Ozung P.O. , Antia U.E.
Published: September 2017

An adaptive research was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of three commonly used commercial turkey strains. A total of one hundred and eight (108) turkey poults were used for the study comprising thirty-six (36) each of the bronze, black and white strains. The birds were allotted to three treatment groups according to their strains (plumage colour) in a completely randomized design with three replicates per treatment assigned twelve (12) poults each. Experimental period lasted for 16 weeks. Parameters measured were body weight taken on weekly basis from which weight gains were deduced. Feed intake was taken on daily basis and feed conversion ratios were also calculated. Linear body measurements evaluated included – body length, breast width, shank length, thigh length and height. Results of this study revealed no significant (P > 0.05) treatment effect on any of the growth parameters assessed. Weekly body weights were similar for the three strains assessed both at starter and grower phases. Correlation coefficients for linear body measurements to body weights were determined at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. Variations were observed in values obtained for relationships between LBMs across the treatment groups. For the black strain at eight weeks of age, positive (r < 0.05) values were recorded except for body weight and shank length (-0.172). At 16 weeks of age correlation values for body parts against body weight were mostly negative across the treatment groups. It was evident from the results of this study that any of the turkey strains can be reared for meat without emphasis on plumage except at the discretion of the farmer.Keywords: Turkeys, Strains, Growth performance, Correlation, Humid tropics
Food, Families and Work
Authors: O’Connell Rebecca , Brannen Julia
Published: September 2017

With dual–working households now the norm, Food, Families and Work is the first comprehensive study to explore how families negotiate everyday food practices in the context of paid employment.

As the working of hours of British parents are among the highest in Europe, the United Kingdom provides a key case study for investigating the relationship between parental employment and family food practices. Focusing on issues such as the gender division of foodwork, the impact of family income on diet, family meals, and the power children wield over the food they eat, the book offers a longitudinal view of family routines. It explores how the everyday meanings of food change as children grow older and negotiate changes in their own lives and those of their family members. Drawing on extensive quantitative data from large–scale surveys of food and diet — as well as qualitative evidence — to emphasise the larger global context of social and economic change and shifting patterns of family life, Rebecca O'Connell and Julia Brannen present a holistic overview of food practices within busy contemporary family lives.

Featuring perspectives from both parents and children, this innovative approach to some of the most hotly–debated topics in food studies is a must–read for students and scholars in food studies, sociology, anthropology, nutrition and public health.
A Theory of Grocery Shopping
Authors: Koch Shelley L.
Published: September 2017

Grocery shopping is an often ignored part of the story of how food ultimately gets to our pantry shelves and tables.

A Theory of Grocery Shopping explores the social organization of grocery shopping by linking the lived experience of grocery shoppers and retail managers in the US with information transmitted by nutritionists, government employees, financial advisors, journalists, health care providers and marketers, who influence the way we think about and perform the work of shopping for a household's food.

The author provides insight into the contradictory messages that shape how consumers provision their households, and details how consumers respond to these messages. The book challenges the consumer choice model that places responsibility on the shopper for making the “right” choice at the grocery store, thereby ignoring the larger social forces at work, which determine what products are available and how they get to the shelves.
Culinary Capital
Authors: Naccarato Peter , LeBesco Kathleen
Published: September 2017

TV cookery shows hosted by celebrity chefs. Meal prep kitchens. Online grocers and restaurant review sites. Competitive eating contests, carnivals and fairs, and junk food websites and blogs. What do all of them have in common? According to authors Kathleen LeBesco and Peter Naccarato, they each serve as productive sites for understanding the role of culinary capital in shaping individual and group identities in contemporary culture.

Beyond providing sustenance, food and food practices play an important social role, offering status to individuals who conform to their culture's culinary norms and expectations while also providing a means of resisting them. Culinary Capital analyzes this phenomenon in action across the landscape of contemporary culture. The authors examine how each of the sites listed above promises viewers and consumers status through the acquisition of culinary capital and, as they do so, intersect with a range of cultural values and ideologies, particularly those of gender and economic class.
Food Media
Authors: Rousseau Signe
Published: September 2017

There have been famous chefs for centuries. But it was not until the second half of the twentieth century that the modern celebrity chef business really began to flourish, thanks largely to advances in media such as television which allowed ever-greater numbers of people to tune in.

Food Media charts the growth of this enormous entertainment industry, and also how, under the threat of the obesity "epidemic," some of its stars have taken on new authority as social activists, while others continue to provide delicious distractions from a world of potentially unsafe food. The narrative that joins these chapters moves from private to public consumption, and from celebrating food fantasies to fueling anxieties about food realities, with the questionable role of interference in people's everyday food choices gaining ground along the way.

Covering celebrity chefs such as Jamie Oliver and Rachael Ray, and popular trends like foodies, food porn and fetishism, Food Media describes how the intersections between celebrity culture and food media have come to influence how many people think about feeding themselves and their families - and how often that task is complicated when it need not be.
The English Breakfast
Authors: O’Connor Kaori
Published: September 2017

The English breakfast is one of the best-loved national meals in the world, an edible symbol of England and Englishness. But how did breakfast attain this distinction, what can a national meal tell us about the nation that eats it, what are the links between social and culinary change, and is there more to the English breakfast than bacon and eggs?

This biography of the English breakfast shows how the renowned meal came into being over many centuries, reaching its height in the Victorian and Edwardian eras when splendid breakfasts were served from silver dishes in grand country houses across the land. Following this historical analysis are three authentic and complete cookbooks devoted entirely to breakfasts from the heyday of this best of all meals, with some 500 recipes by three celebrated culinary figures of the Victorian age - an elite hostess, a thrifty housekeeper, and a pukka colonial colonel - before the narrative continues up to the present. The epilogue, new to this paperback edition, covers ‘the devolved breakfast’ (Scottish, Welsh and Irish); the renaissance of the full breakfast during financial crises and the working class ‘caff’.

Mixing anthropology, cultural biography, the invention of tradition and the study of cookbooks as social documents, The English Breakfast is a truly unique work of food history.
Garlic and Oil
Authors: Helstosky Carol
Published: September 2017

Pasta, cappuccino, olive oil Italian food culture is a prominent feature of Western society in our cafes, restaurants and homes. But what is the history of Italian cuisine? And where do we get our notions about Italian food? Garlic and Oil is the first comprehensive history of food habits in modern Italy. Chronicling the period from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day, the author argues that politics dramatically affected the nature of Italian cuisine and food habits. Contrary to popular belief, the Italian diet was inadequate and unchanging for many decades. Drawing on the writings of scientific professionals, domestic economists, government officials, and consumers, the author shows how the miserable diet of so many Italians became the subject of political debate and eventually, the target of government intervention. As successive regimes liberal, fascist, democratic struggled with the question of how to improve peoples eating habits, their actions purposefully and inadvertently affected what and how much Italians ate, shaping not only the foundations of Italian cuisine, but also the nature of Italian identity. Garlic and Oil is a popular national food history that offers a new perspective on the history of consumerism and food studies by examining how political change affects food consumption habits.
Remembrance of Repasts
Authors: Sutton David E.
Published: September 2017

Proust’s famous madeleine captures the power of food to evoke some of our deepest memories. Why does food hold such power? What does the growing commodification and globalization of food mean for our capacity to store the past in our meals – in the smell of olive oil or the taste of a fresh-cut fig? This book offers a theoretical account of the interrelationship of culture, food and memory. Sutton challenges and expands anthropology’s current focus on issues of embodiment, memory and material culture, especially in relation to transnational migration and the flow of culture across borders and boundaries. The Greek island of Kalymnos in the eastern Aegean, where Islanders claim to remember meals long past – both humble and spectacular – provides the main setting for these issues, as well as comparative materials drawn from England and the United States. Despite the growing interest in anthropological accounts of food and in the cultural construction of memory, the intersection of food with memory has not been accorded sustained examination. Cultural practices of feasting and fasting, global flows of food as both gifts and commodities, the rise of processed food and the relationship of orally transmitted recipes to the vast market in speciality cookbooks tie traditional anthropological mainstays such as ritual, exchange and death to more current concerns with structure and history, cognition and the ‘anthropology of the senses’. Arguing for the crucial role of a simultaneous consideration of food and memory, this book significantly advances our understanding of cultural processes and reformulates current theoretical preoccupations.
Mud, Sweat and Beers
Authors: Collins Tony , Vamplew Wray
Published: September 2017

Alcohol is never far from sporting events. Although popular thinking on the effects of drinking has changed considerably over time, throughout history sport and alcohol have been intimately linked. The Victorians, for example, believed that beer helped to build stamina, whereas today any serious athlete must abstain from the demon drink. Yet despite current prohibitions and the widespread acceptance of alcohols deleterious effects, the uneasy alliance of sport with alcohol remains culturally entrenched. It is common for sporting celebrities to struggle with alcoholism, and teams are often encouraged to bond by drinking together. Indeed, many of today's major sporting sponsors are breweries and manufacturers of alcoholic drinks. From hooliganism to commerce, from advertising and sponsorship to health and fitness, if there is one thing that brings athletes, fans and financial backers together it must be beer. This cultural history of drinking and sport examines the roles masculinity, class and regional identity play in alcohol consumption at a broad range of matches, races, courses and competitions. Offering a fresh perspective on the culture and commerce of sporting events, this book will be essential reading for cultural historians, anthropologists and sociologists, and anyone interested in sport.
The Never-Ending Feast
Authors: O’Connor Kaori
Published: September 2017

Feast! Throughout human history, and in all parts of the world, feasts have been at the heart of life. The great museums of the world are full of the remains of countless ghostly feasts – dishes that once bore rich meats, pitchers used to pour choice wines, tall jars that held beer sipped through long straws of gold and lapis, immense cauldrons from which hundreds of people could be served. Why were feasts so important, and is there more to feasting than abundance and enjoyment?

The Never-Ending Feast is a pioneering work that draws on anthropology, archaeology and history to look at the dynamics of feasting among the great societies of antiquity renowned for their magnificence and might. Reflecting new directions in academic study, the focus shifts beyond the medieval and early modern periods in Western Europe, eastwards to Mesopotamia, Assyria and Achaemenid Persia, early Greece, the Mongol Empire, Shang China and Heian Japan. The past speaks through texts and artefacts. We see how feasts were the primary arena for displays of hierarchy, status and power; a stage upon which loyalties and alliances were negotiated; the occasion for the mobilization and distribution of resources, a means of pleasing the gods, and the place where identities were created, consolidated – and destroyed.

The Never-Ending Feast transforms our understanding of feasting past and present, revitalising the fields of anthropology, archaeology, history, museum studies, material culture and food studies, for all of which it is essential reading.
Inventing the Pizzeria
Authors: Mattozzi Antonio
Published: September 2017

Pizza is one of the best-known and widely exported Italian foods and yet relatively little is known about its origins in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Myths such as the naming of pizza margherita after the Italian queen abound, but little serious scholarly attention has been devoted to the topic. Eschewing exaggerated fables, this book draws a detailed portrait of the difficulties experienced by the then marginalized class of pizza makers, rather than the ultimate success of their descendants. It provides a unique exploration of the history of pizza making in Naples, offering an archival-based history of the early story of pizza and the establishment of the pizzeria.

Touching upon issues of politics, economics and sociology, Inventing the Pizzeria contributes not only to the commercial, social and food history of Italy but also provides an urban history of a major European city, told through one of its most famous edible exports.

Originally published in Italian, this English edition is updated with a revised introduction and conclusion, a new preface and additional images and sources.
Fungi diversity in PM2. 5 and PM1 at the summit of Mt. Tai: abundance, size distribution, and seasonal variation
Authors: Xu Caihong , Wei Min , Chen Jianmin , Zhu Chao , Li Jiarong , Lv Ganglin , Xu Xianmang , Zheng Lulu , Sui Guodong , Li Weijun , Chen Bing , Wang Wenxing , Zhang Qingzhu , Ding Aijun , Mellouki Abdelwahid
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Fungi are ubiquitous throughout the near-surface atmosphere, where they represent an important component of primary biological aerosol particles. This study combined internal transcribed spacer region sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate the ambient fungi in fine (PM2. 5, 50 % cutoff aerodynamic diameter Da50 =  2.5 µm, geometric standard deviation of collection efficiency σg =  1.2) and submicron (PM1, Da50 =  1 µm, σg =  1.2) particles at the summit of Mt. Tai located in the North China Plain, China. Fungal abundance values were 9.4  ×  104 and 1.3  ×  105 copies m−3 in PM2. 5 and PM1, respectively. Most of the fungal sequences were from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, which are known to actively discharge spores into the atmosphere. The fungal community showed a significant seasonal shift across different size fractions according to Metastats analysis and the Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test. The abundance of Glomerella and Zasmidium increased in larger particles in autumn, whereas Penicillium, Bullera, and Phaeosphaeria increased in smaller particles in winter. Environmental factors, namely Ca2+, humidity, and temperature, were found to be crucial for the seasonal variation in the fungal community. This study might serve as an important reference for fungal contribution to primary biological aerosol particles.
A tandem approach for collocated measurements of microphysical and radiative cirrus properties
Authors: Klingebiel Marcus , Ehrlich André , Finger Fanny , Röschenthaler Timo , Jakirlić Suad , Voigt Matthias , Müller Stefan , Maser Rolf , Wendisch Manfred , Hoor Peter , Spichtinger Peter , Borrmann Stephan
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Microphysical and radiation measurements were collected with the novel AIRcraft TOwed Sensor Shuttle (AIRTOSS) – Learjet tandem platform. The platform is a combination of an instrumented Learjet 35A research aircraft and an aerodynamic bird, which is detached from and retracted back to the aircraft during flight via a steel wire with a length of 4000 m. Both platforms are equipped with radiative, cloud microphysical, trace gas, and meteorological instruments. The purpose of the development of this tandem set-up is to study the inhomogeneity of cirrus as well as other stratiform clouds. Sophisticated numerical flow simulations were conducted in order to optimally integrate an axially asymmetric Cloud Combination Probe (CCP) inside AIRTOSS. The tandem platform was applied during measurements at altitudes up to 36 000 ft (10 970 m) in the framework of the AIRTOSS – Inhomogeneous Cirrus Experiment (AIRTOSS-ICE). Ten flights were performed above the North Sea and Baltic Sea to probe frontal and in situ formed cirrus, as well as anvil outflow cirrus. For one flight, cirrus microphysical and radiative properties displayed significant inhomogeneities resolved by both measurement platforms. The CCP data show that the maximum of the observed particle number size distributions shifts with decreasing altitude from 30 to 300 µm, which is typical for frontal, midlatitude cirrus. Theoretical considerations imply that cloud particle aggregation inside the studied cirrus is very unlikely. Consequently, diffusional growth was identified to be the dominant microphysical growth process. Measurements of solar downward and upward irradiances at 670 nm wavelength were conducted above, below, and in the cirrus on both the Learjet and AIRTOSS. The observed variability of the downward irradiance below the cirrus reflects the horizontal heterogeneity of the observed thin cirrus. Vertically resolved solar heating rates were derived by either using single-platform measurements at different altitudes or by making use of the collocated irradiance measurements at different altitudes of the tandem platform. Due to unavoidable biases of the measurements between the individual flight legs, the single-platform approach failed to provide a realistic solar heating rate profile, while the uncertainties of the tandem approach are reduced. Here, the solar heating rates range up to 6 K day−1 at top of the cirrus layer.
Design of a 0.13 µm SiGe Limiting Amplifier with 14.6 THz Gain-Bandwidth-Product
Authors: Park Sehoon , Du Xuan-Quang , Grözing Markus , Berroth Manfred
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This paper presents the design of a limiting amplifier with 1-to-3 fan-out implementation in a 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology and gives a detailed guideline to determine the circuit parameters of the amplifier for optimum high-frequency performance based on simplified gain estimations. The proposed design uses a Cherry-Hooper topology for bandwidth enhancement and is optimized for maximum group delay flatness to minimize phase distortion of the input signal. With regard to a high integration density and a small chip area, the design employs no passive inductors which might be used to boost the circuit bandwidth with inductive peaking. On a RLC-extracted post-layout simulation level, the limiting amplifier exhibits a gain-bandwidth-product of 14.6 THz with 56.6 dB voltage gain and 21.5 GHz 3 dB bandwidth at a peak-to-peak input voltage of 1.5 mV. The group delay variation within the 3 dB bandwidth is less than 0.5 ps and the power dissipation at a power supply voltage of 3 V including output drivers is 837 mW.
Design of a CMOS readout circuit on ultra-thin flexible silicon chip for printed strain gauges
Authors: Elsobky Mourad , Mahsereci Yigit , Keck Jürgen , Richter Harald , Burghartz Joachim N.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Flexible electronics represents an emerging technology with features enabling several new applications such as wearable electronics and bendable displays. Precise and high-performance sensors readout chips are crucial for high quality flexible electronic products. In this work, the design of a CMOS readout circuit for an array of printed strain gauges is presented. The ultra-thin readout chip and the printed sensors are combined on a thin Benzocyclobutene/Polyimide (BCB/PI) substrate to form a Hybrid System-in-Foil (HySiF), which is used as an electronic skin for robotic applications. Each strain gauge utilizes a Wheatstone bridge circuit, where four Aerosol Jet® printed meander-shaped resistors form a full-bridge topology. The readout chip amplifies the output voltage difference (about 5 mV full-scale swing) of the strain gauge. One challenge during the sensor interface circuit design is to compensate for the relatively large dc offset (about 30 mV at 1 mA) in the bridge output voltage so that the amplified signal span matches the input range of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The circuit design uses the 0. 5 µm mixed-signal GATEFORESTTM technology. In order to achieve the mechanical flexibility, the chip fabrication is based on either back thinned wafers or the ChipFilmTM technology, which enables the manufacturing of silicon chips with a thickness of about 20 µm. The implemented readout chip uses a supply of 5 V and includes a 5-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a differential difference amplifier (DDA), and a 10-bit successive approximation register (SAR) ADC. The circuit is simulated across process, supply and temperature corners and the simulation results indicate excellent performance in terms of circuit stability and linearity.
Markovian Dynamics of Josephson Parametric Amplification
Authors: Kaiser Waldemar , Haider Michael , Russer Johannes A. , Russer Peter , Jirauschek Christian
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In this work, we derive the dynamics of the lossy DC pumped non-degenerate Josephson parametric amplifier (DCPJPA). The main element in a DCPJPA is the superconducting Josephson junction. The DC bias generates the AC Josephson current varying the nonlinear inductance of the junction. By this way the Josephson junction acts as the pump oscillator as well as the time varying reactance of the parametric amplifier. In quantum-limited amplification, losses and noise have an increased impact on the characteristics of an amplifier. We outline the classical model of the lossy DCPJPA and derive the available noise power spectral densities. A classical treatment is not capable of including properties like spontaneous emission which is mandatory in case of amplification at the quantum limit. Thus, we derive a quantum mechanical model of the lossy DCPJPA. Thermal losses are modeled by the quantum Langevin approach, by coupling the quantized system to a photon heat bath in thermodynamic equilibrium. The mode occupation in the bath follows the Bose-Einstein statistics. Based on the second quantization formalism, we derive the Heisenberg equations of motion of both resonator modes. We assume the dynamics of the system to follow the Markovian approximation, i.e. the system only depends on its actual state and is memory-free. We explicitly compute the time evolution of the contributions to the signal mode energy and give numeric examples based on different damping and coupling constants. Our analytic results show, that this model is capable of including thermal noise into the description of the DC pumped non-degenerate Josephson parametric amplifier.
Fully integrated high quality factor GmC bandpass filter stage with highly linear operational transconductance amplifier
Authors: Briem Jochen , Mader Marco , Reiter Daniel , Amirpour Raul , Grözing Markus , Berroth Manfred
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This paper presents an electrical, fully integrated, high quality (Q) factor GmC bandpass filter (BPF) stage for a wireless 27 MHz direct conversion receiver for a bendable sensor system-in-foil (Briem et al., 2016). The core of the BPF with a Q factor of more than 200 is an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with a high linearity at an input range of up to 300 mVpp, diff. The OTA's signal-to-noise-and-distortion-ratio (SNDR) of more than 80 dB in the mentioned range is achieved by stabilizing its transconductance Gm with a respective feedback loop and a source degeneration resistors RDG. The filter stage can be tuned and is tolerant to global and local process variations due to offset and common-mode feedback (CMFB) control circuits. The results are determined by periodic steady state (PSS) simulations at more than 200 global and local process variation parameter and temperature points and corner simulations. It is expected, that the parasitic elements of the layout have no significant influence on the filter behaviour. The current consumption of the whole filter stage is less than 600 µA.
Interpolation algorithm for asynchronous ADC-data
Authors: Bramburger Stefan , Zinke Benny , Killat Dirk
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This paper presents a modified interpolation algorithm for signals with variable data rate from asynchronous ADCs. The Adaptive weights Conjugate gradient Toeplitz matrix (ACT) algorithm is extended to operate with a continuous data stream. An additional preprocessing of data with constant and linear sections and a weighted overlap of step-by-step into spectral domain transformed signals improve the reconstruction of the asycnhronous ADC signal. The interpolation method can be used if asynchronous ADC data is fed into synchronous digital signal processing.
Higher-order sensitivity analysis of periodic 3-D eigenvalue problems for electromagnetic field calculations
Authors: Jorkowski Philipp , Schuhmann Rolf
Published: September 2017

Abstract. An algorithm to perform a higher-order sensitivity analysis for electromagnetic eigenvalue problems is presented. By computing the eigenvalue and eigenvector derivatives, the Brillouin Diagram for periodic structures can be calculated. The discrete model is described using the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) with periodic boundaries, and the sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the phase shift φ between the periodic boundaries. For validation, a reference solution is calculated by solving multiple eigenvalue problems (EVP). Furthermore, the eigenvalue derivatives are compared to reference values using finite difference (FD) formulas.
Novel post-Doppler STAP with a priori knowledge information for traffic monitoring applications: basic idea and first results
Authors: da Silva André B. C. , Baumgartner Stefan V.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This paper presents a novel a priori knowledge-based algorithm for traffic monitoring applications. The powerful post-Doppler space-time adaptive processing (PD STAP) is combined with a known road network obtained from the freely available OpenStreetMap (OSM) database. The road information is applied after the PD STAP for recognizing and rejecting false detections, and moreover, for repositioning the vehicles detected in the vicinity of the roads. The algorithm presents great potential for real-time processing, decreased hardware complexity and low costs compared to state-of-the-art systems. The processor was tested using real multi-channel data acquired by DLR's airborne system F-SAR. The experimental results are shown and discussed, and the novelties are highlighted (e.g., the benefits of using a priori knowledge information).
Lithium-ion battery models: a comparative study and a model-based powerline communication
Authors: Saidani Fida , Hutter Franz X. , Scurtu Rares-George , Braunwarth Wolfgang , Burghartz Joachim N.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In this work, various Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery models are evaluated according to their accuracy, complexity and physical interpretability. An initial classification into physical, empirical and abstract models is introduced. Also known as white, black and grey boxes, respectively, the nature and characteristics of these model types are compared. Since the Li-ion battery cell is a thermo-electro-chemical system, the models are either in the thermal or in the electrochemical state-space. Physical models attempt to capture key features of the physical process inside the cell. Empirical models describe the system with empirical parameters offering poor analytical, whereas abstract models provide an alternative representation. In addition, a model selection guideline is proposed based on applications and design requirements. A complex model with a detailed analytical insight is of use for battery designers but impractical for real-time applications and in situ diagnosis. In automotive applications, an abstract model reproducing the battery behavior in an equivalent but more practical form, mainly as an equivalent circuit diagram, is recommended for the purpose of battery management. As a general rule, a trade-off should be reached between the high fidelity and the computational feasibility. Especially if the model is embedded in a real-time monitoring unit such as a microprocessor or a FPGA, the calculation time and memory requirements rise dramatically with a higher number of parameters. Moreover, examples of equivalent circuit models of Lithium-ion batteries are covered. Equivalent circuit topologies are introduced and compared according to the previously introduced criteria. An experimental sequence to model a 20 Ah cell is presented and the results are used for the purposes of powerline communication.
Distribution and C / N stoichiometry of dissolved organic matter in the North Sea in summer 2011–12
Authors: Chaichana Saisiri , Jickells Tim , Johnson Martin
Published: September 2017

Abstract. We present the distribution and C : N stoichiometry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the North Sea in 2 summers (August 2011 and August 2012), with supporting data from the intervening winter (January 2012). This data demonstrates local variability superimposed on a general pattern of decreasing DOM with increasing salinity, suggesting strong control over broad scale concentrations by mixing between riverine sources and the open North Atlantic. We observe differences in DOC and DON concentrations and gradients between the two summers, leading to an estimated 10–20 Tg difference in the DOM carbon inventory between the 2 years, which is of the same order as the annual uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the North Sea system, and thus significant for the carbon budget of the North Sea. Differences were particularly pronounced in the bottom layer of the seasonally stratifying Northern North Sea, with higher DOC and lower DON in 2011 and lower C : N ratio and more moderate concentrations of DOC and DON in 2012. Using other data we consider the extent to which these differences in the concentrations and C : N ratio of DOM could be due to differences in the biogeochemistry or physical circulation in the 2 years, or a combination of both. We discuss the implications of these observations for the shelf sea carbon pump and the export of carbon rich organic matter off the shelf.