bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increment in Oncovascular Risk Factors and Psychological Distress and Unaltered Vascular Endothelial Function with Advancement of the Stages in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Arora Gokul , Bobby Zachariah , Ganesan Prasanth , Sunitha V. C. , Thalapalliyil Kamila
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims Oncovascular risk factors are common to both cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Adipocytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and psychological distress may have roles in disease progression.

Materials and Methods Eighty subjects including healthy control and patients of different stages of newly diagnosed breast cancer were recruited. The levels of psychological distress, oncovascular risk factors, and endothelial function were estimated.

Results Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), adiponectin, and scores of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), and perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]) increased with increasing stages of the disease. Vascular endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation) among the different stages and healthy controls was comparable. Adiponectin (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.755 at 1.66 µg/mL, sensitivity 70% and specificity 80%), sICAM-1 (AUC = 0.769 at 264 pg/mL, sensitivity 80% and specificity 75%), and sVCAM-1 (AUC = 0.934 at 165 ng/mL, sensitivity 88% and specificity 85%) are useful in the breast cancer diagnosis with receiver operating characteristic curves. PSS (r = 0.688, p < 0.001), PHQ-9 (r = 0.633, p < 0.001), GAD-7 scores (r = 0.674, p < 0.001) and levels of sICAM-1 (r = 0.480, p < 0.001) and sVCAM-1 (r = 0.577, p < 0.00) correlated with disease progression. Perceived stress had maximum independent association with the disease progression. Oncovascular risk factors correlated with perceived stress, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusion Increment in oncovascular risk factors, psychological distress, and their associations were observed with increasing stages of breast cancer. Intervention to prevent incidence of coronary heart diseases and appropriate psychological counseling for patients with breast cancer may be considered for bringing forth better treatment outcome.
Clinical Benefit and Safety of Palbociclib in Hormone Positive Breast Cancer with Visceral Metastasis: Real-World Experience from a Tertiary Cancer Center
Authors: K. S Sandeep , Appachu Sandhya , Diwaker Ravi B. , Vivek Sai , Simha Vijai V.S.
Published: September 2024

Introduction Palbociclib, the first CDK4/6 inhibitor, has shown promising results in phase III clinical studies by enhancing the efficacy of endocrine therapy (ET) in HR +/HER2– advanced breast cancer. However, real-world data on its use in patients with visceral metastatic disease are limited. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of palbociclib in this high-risk population across different lines of treatment.

Materials and Methods Patients with hormone-positive metastatic breast cancer who received palbociclib with ET between 2015 and 2021 were grouped into skeletal and visceral metastatic disease. Visceral metastatic diseases were subclassified into lung, liver, and brain metastatic diseases. All subgroups were analyzed for progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity, and prognostic factors. Subgroups were compared using the chi-square test, and survival analyses were done using the Kaplan–Meier test.

Results Among 100 patients who received palbociclib, 70 had progressed on previous ET. The common metastatic site was bone (56%), followed by lung (24%), liver (18%), and brain (2%). With a median follow-up of 37 months, the median PFS of the overall population was 24 months: bone metastasis 27 months, lung 25 months, liver 12 months, and brain 4 months. Weak hormone positivity, ET-resistant metastatic patients, and high grade were associated with poorer responses. The common side effects were neutropenia (40%), anemia (35%), thrombocytopenia (15%), and hepatotoxicity (10%). Three percent of patients discontinued treatment due to toxicity.

Conclusion Palbociclib with ET showed improved PFS and safety in visceral metastatic disease, comparable to randomized controlled trials. However, further studies are required to evaluate its efficacy in extensive visceral metastatic disease and previously heavily treated patients.
Optimized parameters of picosecond pulsed lasers show promise for efficient lithium-ion electrode manufacturing
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: September 2024

Extensive experimentation helps establish best practices for choosing the best laser setting across a range of materials, number of pulses, and burst shape.
Energy storage chemistry: Atomic and electronic fundamental understanding insights for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Kumaravelu Thanigai Arul , Jayapalan Ramana Ramya , Chang Han-Wei , Kandasami Asokan , Vayssieres Lionel , Dong Chung-Li
Published: September 2024

The scarcity of fuels, high pollution levels, climate change, and other major environmental issues are critical challenges that modern societies are facing, mostly originating from fossil fuels-based economies. These challenges can be addressed by developing green, eco-friendly, inexpensive energy sources and energy storage devices. Electrochemical energy storage materials possess high capacitance and superior power density. To engineer highly efficient next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices, the mechanisms of electrochemical reactions and redox behavior must be probed in operational environments. They can be studied by investigating atomic and electronic structures using in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis. Such a technique has attracted substantial research and development interest in the field of energy science for over a decade. The mechanisms of charge/discharge, carrier transport, and ion intercalation/deintercalation can be elucidated. Supercapacitors generally store energy by two specific mechanisms—pseudocapacitance and electrochemical double-layer capacitance. In situ XAS is a powerful tool for probing and understanding these mechanisms. In this Review, both soft and hard x rays are used for the in situ XAS analysis of various representative electrochemical energy storage systems. This Review also showcases some of the highly efficient energy and power density candidates. Furthermore, the importance of synchrotron-based x-ray spectroscopy characterization techniques is enlightened. The impact of the electronic structure, local atomic structure, and electronically active elements/sites of the typical electrochemical energy storage candidates in operational conditions is elucidated. Regarding electrochemical energy storage mechanisms in their respective working environments, the unknown valence states and reversible/irreversible nature of elements, local hybridization, delocalized d-electrons spin states, participation of coordination shells, disorder, and faradaic/non-faradaic behavior are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the future direction of in situ XAS analysis combined with spatial chemical mapping from operando scanning transmission x-ray microscopy and other emerging characterization techniques is presented and discussed.
Vertex coupling interpolation in quantum chain graphs
Authors: Exner Pavel , Pekař Jan
Published: September 2024

We analyze the band spectrum of the periodic quantum graph in the form of a chain of rings connected by line segments with the vertex coupling which violates the time reversal invariance, interpolating between the δ coupling and the one determined by a simple circulant matrix. We find that flat bands are generically absent and that the negative spectrum is nonempty even for interpolation with a non-attractive δ coupling; we also determine the high-energy asymptotic behavior of the bands.
Hidden turbulence in van Gogh's The Starry Night
Authors: Ma Yinxiang , Cheng Wanting , Huang Shidi , Schmitt François G. , Lin Xin , Huang Yongxiang
Published: September 2024

Turbulent skies have often inspired artists, particularly in the iconic swirls of Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night. For an extended period, debate has raged over whether the flow pattern in this masterpiece adheres to Kolmogorov's theory of turbulence. In contrast to previous studies that examined only part of this painting, all and only the whirls/eddies in the painting are taken into account in this work, following the Richardson–Kolmogorov's cascade picture of turbulence. Consequently, the luminance's Fourier power spectrum spontaneously exhibits a characteristic −5/3 Kolmogorov-like power-law. This result suggests that van Gogh had a very careful observation of real flows, so that not only the sizes of whirls/eddies in The Starry Night but also their relative distances and intensity follow the physical law that governs turbulent flows. Moreover, a “–1”-like power-law persists in the spectrum below the scales of the smallest whirls, hinting at Batchelor-type scalar turbulence with a high Schmidt number. Our study, thus, unveils the hidden turbulence captured within The Starry Night.
Ferrimagnetic second-order topological insulator with valley polarization in two-dimensional magnet
Authors: Liu Xin-yu , Ji Wei-xiao , Ding Meng , Li Sheng-shi , Zhang Chang-wen
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic second-order topological insulators (SOTIs) coexisting with valley polarization have received increasing attention recently, while 2D valley-polarized ferrimagnetic (ferri-valley) SOTI has not been reported yet. In this work, we propose an effective six-band tight-binding model based on structural symmetry to confirm the possibility of coexistence of ferrimagnetism, second-order topological corner states, and valley polarization in 2D systems, and predict Mo2CSCl monolayer as the robust 2D ferri-valley SOTI with good structural stability, considerable Curie temperature estimated to be 100 K, and distinct valley polarization up to 109 meV under out-of-plane exchange field based on our model and first-principles calculations. Also, we find that the spin polarization direction of corner states combined with valley polarization can be controlled by switching the direction of the magnetization direction using an external magnetic field. These findings of the combination of intrinsic ferrimagnetism, second-order topological properties, and valley polarization in single 2D materials provide an ideal platform for practical applications in multifield-control spintronic devices.
Shaping the future of cancer treatment: The commitment of medical physicists
Authors: Al-Raeei Marwan
Published: September 2024

The incorporation of medical physics into the field of oncology has profoundly changed the ways in which cancer is diagnosed and treated. This article highlights the essential roles that medical physicists play in cancer care, demonstrating how principles from physics improve various aspects of oncology practices. Our analysis reveals that medical physics plays a fundamental role in optimizing various oncological procedures, thereby revolutionizing the management of cancer. Specifically, medical physicists are integral to critical areas such as radiation therapy planning, surgical navigation, and quality assurance, which collectively facilitate personalized and effective treatment strategies for patients. By working closely with healthcare professionals, medical physicists help ensure patients receive top-notch care while minimizing side effects associated with treatments. Their dedication to innovation and research is essential for improving both patient outcomes and quality of life throughout the cancer journey. The ongoing partnership between medical physicists and clinicians is instrumental in propelling advancements in oncology research and clinical practices, leveraging physics principles alongside state-of-the-art technologies to enhance cancer management. As medical physicists commit to excellence and patient-centered practices, they are at the forefront of transforming oncology care, promising improved hope and outcomes for those battling cancer. This collaborative effort ensures a bright future for cancer treatment, where the integration of physics not only optimizes therapeutic approaches but also fosters a comprehensive understanding of cancer care.
Investigation of the unsteady surface pressure field under a Mach 2 compression-ramp shock/boundary-layer interaction
Authors: Musta Mustafa N. , Clemens Noel T.
Published: September 2024

The shock/boundary-layer interaction induced by a 20° compression ramp in a Mach 2 flow was investigated using fast pressure-sensitive paint with a bandwidth of about 10 kHz. The mean separated flow length-scale is about two upstream boundary layer thicknesses, which indicates the interaction is weak. The primary analysis consists of cross-correlations, coherence, and time-domain filtering. Two different frequency bands were investigated: low-frequency (f < 2000 Hz; StL < 0.1) and mid-frequency (0.1 < StL < 0.26). The low-frequency band time sequences and coherence reveal the shock-foot motion is mainly correlated with the reattachment region, which is indicative of the well-established breathing motion of the separation bubble. The breathing motion is observed to occur locally and globally (spanwise-averaged). Furthermore, in the low-frequency band, fluctuations in the upstream boundary layer are moderately correlated with the reattachment region fluctuations, but show no correlation with the intermittent region fluctuations. In the mid-frequency band, the intermittent region, separation bubble and reattachment region all exhibit significant correlation with the upstream boundary layer fluctuations, with the upstream fluctuations leading. The time-sequences in this frequency band reveal broad regions of pressure fluctuations that sweep through the interaction and affect the entire interaction. There is no known turbulent source for such large-scale fluctuations and they are believed to be due to a wind tunnel phenomenon. It is concluded that the dominant low-frequency breathing motion follows an oscillator model, but there remain significant correlations to upstream fluctuations that are not tied to the dominant breathing motion and seem to follow an amplifier model.
An experimental investigation into the influence of the micro vortex generator on the leading stability of cloud cavities around a hydrofoil
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Mengjie , Wang Yong , Liu Taotao , Hu Changli , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2024

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of a passive control method on the leading stability of a cloud cavity around a hydrofoil. Two differently positioned micro vortex generators (mVG) are installed on the leading edge (LE) of a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 66 hydrofoil. The structural parameters of mVG-1 are the same as those of mVG-2, but closer to the LE of the hydrofoil. A high-speed camera is employed to capture the transient evolution of cavitating flow. The results show that the cloud cavities on the baseline hydrofoil are divided into the hybrid cavity mode (α = 6°) and the fingerlike cavity mode (α = 8°–12°), relying on the cavity LE structure. The hybrid cavity consists of coupled traveling bubbles and fingerlike cavities, dominated by fingerlike cavities. The fingerlike cavity is attached to cavities with only a single form of LE. The hybrid cavity is replaced by fingerlike vortex cavitation on the mVG hydrofoil, leading to a fixed incipient position of the cavity. Fingerlike cavity structures on the three hydrofoils are generated by different mechanisms. The fingerlike vortex cavity of the mVG-1 hydrofoil is induced by the mVG, whereas the other two hydrofoils are induced by boundary layer separation and spanwise.
Investigation on flame behaviors in the mesoscale channel of one sudden-expansion step during the preliminary stage of ignition
Authors: Hsu Sheng-Yen , Huang Jyun-Hao
Published: September 2024

The dynamic flame behaviors at the preliminary stage of ignition in the mesoscale sudden-expansion channel are numerically investigated in this study under the isothermal condition (300 K) at walls by using a two-dimensional model without symmetric assumption at the centerline. It is found that the flashback velocity is dominated by the upstream channel height; nevertheless, the blowoff velocity is determined by not only the downstream channel height but also the flow recirculation behind the sudden-expansion steps. As the expansion ratio is sufficiently large, the flame could exist within a substantially wider range of inlet flow velocity. In addition, four types of flame behaviors are found at the expansion ratio of 2: (I) steady convex flame, (II) steady concave flame, (III) simple oscillating flame, and (IV) complex oscillating flame. Above the flashback velocity, the convex flame exists steadily. With the increase in flow velocity, the flame becomes concave to the upstream and is stabilized by the wall-quenching effect of sudden-expansion steps. If the flow velocity is further increased, the flame becomes unstable and oscillates periodically (simple oscillating flame) due to the interaction of flame and the symmetric flow field in the sudden-expansion channel, while the occurrence of complex oscillating flame at high flow velocities is attributed to the asymmetric flow pattern. The frequency of oscillating flames decreases with the increase in flow velocity.
Head-on collision of gravity currents of unequal strengths: Large-eddy simulations and laboratory experiments
Authors: Wu Ching-Sen
Published: September 2024

The collision of two counterflowing gravity currents with unequal strengths was investigated through large-eddy simulations and laboratory experiments. The collisions were initiated by releasing currents from two partial-depth locks at identical heights but with different densities, characterized by the reduced gravity ratio, γg. By varying γg, we elucidate the transport processes of colliding gravity currents, spanning from comparable driving strengths (γg=1.0) to markedly disparate driving strengths (γg≪1). Three distinct regimes of colliding gravity currents were identified based on kinematic features derived from integrated measures. For γg≥0.92, the collisions are driven by counterflowing gravity currents with comparable driving strengths, leading to nearly symmetrical collisions with negligible impact on evolved flow patterns. In the intermediate regime when 0.4<γg<0.92, the collisions are weakly asymmetric, characterized by differing contact surface steepness and insensitive maximum vertical displacement of ascending motions to γg. For γg≤0.4, strongly asymmetric collisions dominate, featuring minimal vertical convective fluxes in the collision region rather than typical colliding currents. In this flow regime, the denser fluid mass intrudes beneath the less dense one, akin to the propagation of intrusive lock-exchange gravity currents. Additionally, mixing rates over the entire flow domain were quantified using background potential energy calculations. The results reveal that intense diapycnal mixing is predominantly driven by stirring processes before collision, with the mixing rate increasing as γg decreases. From the collision stage onward, currents with the gain of inertia converge within the collided region and move upward with the distinct opposite effect of negative buoyancy. Notably, the mixing rate stabilizes regardless of convective process variations and decreases consistently as the currents slump away from the collision region.
Tunable three-dimensional elasto-inertial focusing of particles and cells in the ultrastretchable microchannel
Authors: Liu Ping , Jia Zixuan , Liu Yong , Xu Shanshan , Liu Xiumei , Peng Ran , Yan Sheng
Published: September 2024

Microfluidic cytometry is an emerging technology for single-cell analysis and offers rich biochemical information about cells. Three-dimensional focusing of cells is a key function for microfluidic cytometry. However, the existing microfluidic chips have fixed geometries and are designed for specific cells, limiting the applicability of microfluidic cytometry. In this work, we develop the ultrastretchable microchannel for size-tunable three-dimensional elasto-inertial focusing of particles and cells. This channel can be modulated by stretching the chip, enabling the focusing of particles and cells with a wide range in sizes. The focusing performance of this ultrastretchable channel is characterized experimentally at different particle sizes, flow rates, polyethylene oxide concentrations, and stretch ratios, showing the great capability in three-dimensional focusing of particles. Finally, the applicability of our ultrastretchable microchannel to biological cells is verified by three-dimensional focusing of yeast cells and fibroblast cells (3T3 cells). The ultrastretchable microchannel is easy for mass production and can be integrated with optical sensing modules for downstream single-cell imaging and analysis.
Recirculation through western boundary currents varies nonlinearly with the ocean basin's aspect ratio
Authors: Gianchandani Kaushal
Published: September 2024

Recirculation gyres adjacent to western boundary currents (WBCs) in the ocean enhance the poleward transport of these currents. While it is well-established that the WBC in a barotropic ocean strengthens with increase in basin's aspect ratio (the meridional-to-zonal extent ratio), how intensity of the recirculation through the western boundary layer varies with this parameter remains unexplored. I address this using the non-dimensional form of the nonlinear, wind-driven Stommel–Munk model of westward intensification that comprises three parameters—the aspect ratio (δ), the damping coefficient (ϵ), and the β-Rossby number (Rβ). Here, ϵ is set by the ratio of Rayleigh friction coefficient (or eddy viscosity) to the meridional gradient of the Coriolis frequency and the basin's zonal dimension, while Rβ is proportional to wind stress amplitude and quantifies the strength of nonlinearity. In the weak-to-moderate nonlinearity limit (Rβ<∼ϵ), perturbation analysis reveals that recirculation varies concavely with aspect ratio, suggesting existence of an optimal aspect ratio (δopt) for which the recirculation is maximum and for typical values of ϵ (10−3−10−2), δopt follows the power-law relation δopt=4.3ϵ. Numerical simulations further validate the existence of δopt. For large ϵ (>5×10−3), the power-law predicts δopt for the numerical solutions rather accurately, but does not hold for smaller ϵ (2×10−3) due to increased importance of nonlinear terms. Nevertheless, the nonlinear variation in recirculation through the western boundary layer with aspect ratio is observed for all ϵ values and may contribute to the heterogeneous increase in the WBC's transport across different ocean basins in a warming climate.
Karpman–Washimi ponderomotive force and self-generated magnetic field in nonextensive plasmas
Authors: Qi Ming-Chun , Yang Xiao-Song , Xia Chen , Liu San-Qiu
Published: September 2024

The non-stationary Karpman–Washimi ponderomotive force and self-generated magnetic field in an unmagnetized system are investigated in the context of nonextensive distribution based on the kinetic theory. The ponderomotive force, magnetization, and radiation power are obtained as functions of the nonextensive parameter q, wave frequency, and wave number. It is shown that the presence of high-velocity electrons leads to an increase in temporal and spatial variation parts of ponderomotive force, magnetization, and radiation power. Furthermore, the results indicate that the self-generated magnetic field driven by the Karpman–Washimi ponderomotive force primarily manifests as small-scale and low-frequency magnetic field.
Experiment on the vortex-induced vibration of an S-shaped flexible riser coupled with an oscillating platform
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Liu Wenli , Deng Kairui , Gao Yue , Zhou Tongming
Published: September 2024

This paper reports the experimental results of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an S-shaped flexible riser hanged underneath a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) oscillating cylindrical platform. A buoyancy module of approximately triple the riser diameter was mounted on the one-third of the riser length measured from its base to produce the S-shaped configuration. The VIV response of the flexible riser filled with two typical fluid media, including water and helium, was tested in the depth-averaged reduced velocity (U¯r) range of 9.32–26.41. The experimental results indicate that the change of internal fluid medium alters the spatial distribution of dominant frequency and excited modal order. The mode competition is enhanced when the internal fluid shifts from water to helium, and the critical U¯r for mode transition becomes higher. Based on the coincidence of dominant frequency, four types of coupling response are identified, and two characteristic lengths are quantified. The dominant role of the vibration system is determined by the occurrence time percentages of coupling lengths and dominant frequencies. The vibration of water-filled riser is dominated by itself, and the influence of buoyancy module is negligible. In contrast, the in-plane response of helium-filled riser is significantly affected by the buoyancy module, and the influence is amplified with the increase in U¯r.
Surface thermomigration of 2D voids
Authors: Curiotto Stefano , Combe Nicolas , Müller Pierre , El Barraj Ali , Abu Dahech Nayef , Cheynis Fabien , Pierre-Louis Olivier , Leroy Frédéric
Published: September 2024

In a thermal gradient, surface nanostructures have been experimentally observed to move due to thermomigration. However, analytical models that describe the thermomigration force acting on surfaces are still controversial. In this work, we start from a thermodynamic approach based on the Massieu function, which is used to describe thermomigration of single adatoms, to develop an expression for the velocity of thermomigrating 2D holes. The model can be simplified in two limiting cases: (i) When the hole motion is limited by adspecies diffusion, the velocity is independent from the hole size (as in our experiments). (ii) If the hole motion is limited by the attachment or detachment of species to or from steps, then the velocity is proportional to the hole width. We have studied the thermomigration of 2D monatomic deep holes on Si(100) using low energy electron microscopy. From the velocity measurements taken at different temperatures, we find, using our model, that the sum of the migration energy and the adatom creation energy is 1.95 ± 0.16 eV. This value is consistent with those found by other authors, reinforcing the validity of our thermomigration model.
Exploring the electronic structure and lithium diffusion kinetics of amorphous tungsten oxide
Authors: Tang Chao , Liu Huachen , Cai Changlong
Published: September 2024

Density functional theory-based characterization of crystalline tungsten oxide has been well established. Nonetheless, there remains a partial gap in theoretical studies concerning the electrochemical characterization of amorphous tungsten oxide. The electronic structure and diffusion kinetics of amorphous tungsten oxide require a systematic theoretical study. Therefore, we employed second-generation Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations and the density functional theory with HSE06 exchange–correlation hybrid functional to investigate the electronic properties and lithium kinetics of amorphous tungsten oxide (α-WOx, x = 3, 2.5, 2) models. The precise electronic properties of these structures were computed using the HSE06 hybrid functions. The diffusion properties of lithium were determined in the range of 1 × 10−7 to 5 × 10−7 cm2/s by ab initio molecular dynamics. The computational findings provide a critical atomic-scale understanding and contribute to the development of tungsten oxide-based electrochromic devices for practical applications.
Multi-objective optimization of high Mach waverider based on small-sample surrogate model
Authors: Ma Yue , Jiang Anlin , Guo Mingming , Tian Ye , Le Jialing , Zhang Hua , Tong Shuhong
Published: September 2024

Advancements have been achieved in the optimization of waverider designs with the aid of machine learning to expedite the design process. However, these approaches are hampered by the need for extensive sample sizes and susceptibility to becoming ensnared in local optima. This study undertakes a parametric design based on the wedge-derived, power-law-shaped waverider, increasing configuration diversity and creating a dataset with limited samples by calculating waverider geometry and aerodynamic parameters. At a Mach number of 10, a multi-objective optimization design is implemented using the Young's double-slit experiment-least squares support vector regression (YDSE-LSSVR) surrogate model in conjunction with improved congestion distance multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, focusing on maximizing the lift-to-drag ratio and volumetric efficiency as much as possible. The results indicated that, under conditions of limited samples, the YDSE-LSSVR model outperforms standard models such as support vector regression, LSSVR, Kriging, and Polynomial Chaos Expansions-Kriging regarding prediction accuracy. The Pareto solutions for both concave and convex waveriders, obtained through multi-objective optimization, improve the lift-to-drag ratio by 17.36% and 21.70%, respectively, and increase the volumetric efficiency by 88.89% and 105.56%, in comparison to baseline configurations. In addition, the research examines the impact of various design parameters on the Pareto solutions. Finally, the study applies the K-means method to conduct a cluster analysis of the Pareto solutions, generating three-dimensional waverider configurations based on distinguished solutions from different clusters.
Above-room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in ultrathin van der Waals crystal Fe3+xGaTe2
Authors: Zhang Gaojie , Yu Jie , Wu Hao , Yang Li , Jin Wen , Xiao Bichen , Zhang Wenfeng , Chang Haixin
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets are crucial for ultra-compact spintronics. However, so far, no vdW crystal has exhibited tunable above-room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in the 2D ultrathin regime. Here, we report the tunable above-room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in ultrathin vdW crystal Fe3+xGaTe2 (x = 0 and 0.3). By increasing the Fe content, the Curie temperature (TC) and room-temperature saturation magnetization of bulk Fe3+xGaTe2 crystals are enhanced from 354 to 376 K and 43.9 to 50.4 emu·g−1, respectively. Remarkably, the robust anomalous Hall effect in 3-nm Fe3.3GaTe2 indicates a record-high TC of 340 K and a large room-temperature perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy of 6.6 × 105 J m−3, superior to other ultrathin vdW ferromagnets. First-principles calculations reveal the asymmetric density of states and an additional large spin exchange interaction in ultrathin Fe3+xGaTe2 responsible for robust intrinsic ferromagnetism and higher TC. This work opens a window for above-room-temperature ultrathin 2D magnets in vdW-integrated spintronics.
Spin filtering and quantum transport with transition metal-doped hydrogenated silicon quantum dot
Authors: Arora Hemant , Samanta Arup
Published: September 2024

Spin filtering is a fundamental operation in spintronics, enabling the generation and detection of spin-polarized carriers. Here, we proposed and theoretically demonstrated that a 3d transition metal (TM) doped hydrogenated silicon quantum dot (TM:H-SiQD) is a suitable candidate for spin-filter devices. Using density functional theory, we investigate the structure, electronic properties, and magnetic behavior of TM:H-SiQD. Our calculations demonstrate that Mn:H-SiQD exhibits the highest stability. The designed spin-filter device using Mn:H-SiQD shows a spin-filtering efficiency of 99.9% at 300 K electrode temperature along with very high conductance. This remarkable efficiency positions it as a promising candidate for spintronic devices.
Topological photonic quasicrystal alloy
Authors: Wang Ziyao , Xi Xiang , Gao Zhen
Published: September 2024

Recently, a concept of topological photonic alloy was proposed by mixing magnetized and non-magnetized gyromagnetic rods in a two-dimensional square photonic crystal that supports tunable Chern bandgaps and robust chiral edge states even at a low concentration of magnetized rods. However, whether such a notion can be extended to non-crystalline systems is still an open question. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that topological photonic quasicrystal alloys can also sustain nontrivial Chern bandgaps and nonreciprocal chiral edge states. More interestingly, compared with the conventional topological photonic alloy with a crystalline lattice, we find that the topological photonic quasicrystal alloy with a non-crystalline lattice needs a higher threshold concentration of magnetized rods to open the Chern bandgap. These results not only broaden our understanding of topological photonic alloy but also offer a platform for exploring the unique properties of topological photonic quasicrystals.
Average daily gain in lambs grazing mixed annual forage species compared with single species and relationship to feed on offer
Authors: Clayton E. H. , Fahey H. , Tyndall P. , Lowrie R. , Xu B. , Ataollahi F. , Norton M. R.
Published: September 2024

Context Annual forage crops provide high-quality fodder for livestock during typical autumn and winter feed-gaps in the south-east of Australia and benefits through rotations in cropping systems. While benefits from intercropping with cereals and pasture or mixing canola and peas have been studied in Australia, the potential animal-production benefits of grazing mixed annual species forage crops have not been examined. Aims To determine average daily gain (ADG) and rumen fluid parameters when sheep graze mixtures of annual fodder crops compared with a single species. Methods Ninety six Dorset × Border Leicester × Merino lambs (mean = 44.3 ± 0.55 kg) were allocated to one of the following four treatment groups (n = 24/treatment) on the basis of sex and liveweight; a single species brassica control (canola) (Br) or annual forage species mixes containing brassica (canola, turnip, radish) and cereal (wheat, cereal rye) (B + C), brassica and legume (vetch, arrowleaf clove) (B + L) or brassica, cereal and legume (B + C + L). Liveweight and rumen fluid parameters were assessed prior to grazing and again 21 and 35 days after the commencement of grazing. Key results Mean ADG from Day 0 to Day 21 was lower for female, but not male, lambs grazing the Br control (231 ± 23 g head−1 day−1) than for those grazing any forage mix (B + C = 292 ± 23 g head−1 day−1, B + L = 296 ± 23 g head−1 day−1, B + C + L = 310 ± 22 g head−1 day−1). Liveweight change over 35 days of grazing was not different between any forage mixtures. Rumen fluid pH was higher (P < 0.001) for sheep grazing forages containing cereals (B + C = 6.97 ± 0.06, B + C + L = 6.86 ± 0.06) than for those grazing brassica or legume (Br = 6.59 ± 0.06, B + L = 6.68 ± 0.06). Total volatile fatty acid concentration was lower and rumen pH was higher when sheep grazed B + C than when they grazed any other forage mix. Conclusions The higher ADG in females grazing mixtures than in those grazing the Br was related to higher dry matter on offer. Further research should determine whether the lower pH observed when sheep grazed brassica and legume than when grazing mixes containing cereals is associated with subacute rumen acidosis and reduced fibre degradation and forage energy utilisation. Implications Mixed forage species can provide higher DM on offer and ADG. Improved rumen efficiency could be related to improved growth.
Hippo effector, Yorkie, is a tumor suppressor in selectDrosophilasquamous epithelia
Authors: Bhattacharya Rachita , Kumari Jaya , Banerjee Shweta , Tripathi Jyoti , Parihar Saurabh Singh , Mohan Nitin , Sinha Pradip
Published: September 2024

Mammalian Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) andDrosophilaYorkie (Yki) are transcription cofactors of the highly conserved Hippo signaling pathway. It has been long assumed that the YAP/TAZ/Yki signaling drives cell proliferation during organ growth. However, its instructive role in regulating developmentally programmed organ growth, if any, remains elusive. Out-of-context gain of YAP/TAZ/Yki signaling often turns oncogenic. Paradoxically, mechanically strained, and differentiated squamous epithelia display developmentally programmed constitutive nuclear YAP/TAZ/Yki signaling. The unknown, therefore, is how a growth-promoting YAP/TAZ/Yki signaling restricts proliferation in differentiated squamous epithelia. Here, we show that reminiscent of a tumor suppressor, Yki negatively regulates the cell growth–promoting PI3K/Akt/TOR signaling in the squamous epithelia ofDrosophilatubular organs. Thus, downregulation of Yki signaling in the squamous epithelium of the adult male accessory gland (MAG) up-regulates PI3K/Akt/TOR signaling, inducing cell hypertrophy, exit from their cell cycle arrest, and, finally, culminating in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Thus, blocking PI3K/Akt/TOR signaling arrests Yki loss-induced MAG-SCC. Further, MAG-SCCs, like other lethal carcinomas, secrete a cachectin, Impl2—theDrosophilahomolog of mammalian IGFBP7—inducing cachexia and shortening the lifespan of adult males. Moreover, in the squamous epithelium of other tubular organs, like the dorsal trunk of larval tracheal airways or adult Malpighian tubules, downregulation of Yki signaling triggers PI3K/Akt/TOR-induced cell hypertrophy. Our results reveal that Yki signaling plays an instructive, antiproliferative role in the squamous epithelia of tubular organs.
Refractive lensing of scintillating FRBs by subparsec cloudlets in the multiphase CGM
Authors: Jow Dylan L. , Wu Xiaohan , Pen Ue-Li
Published: September 2024

We consider the refractive lensing effects of ionized cool (

T
∼

10
4

K

) gas cloudlets in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies. In particular, we discuss the combined effects of lensing from these cloudlets and scintillation from plasma screens in the Milky Way interstellar medium (ISM). We show that, if the CGM comprises a mist of subparsec cloudlets with column densities of order

10
17

cm

−
2

(as predicted by [M. McCourt, S. P. Oh, R. O’Leary, A. M. Madigan,
MNRAS
473
, 5407–5431 (2018)]), then fast radio bursts (FRBs) whose sightlines pass within a virial radius of a CGM halo will may be lensed into tens of refractive images with a ∼10 ms scattering timescale. When these images are formed, they will be resolved by scintillating screens in the Milky Way ISM and will suppress the observed scintillation. We illustrate this effect in refractive lensing and argue that positive detections of FRB scintillation may constrain the properties of these cool-gas cloudlets, with current scintillation observation weakly disfavoring the cloudlet model. We propose that sheet-like geometries for the cool gas in the CGM can reconcile quasar absorption measurements (from which we infer the presence of the cool gas with structure on subparsec scales) and the unexpected lack of lensing signals from this gas thus far observed.
Revolutionising agriculture for food security and environmental sustainability: A perspective on the role of digital twin technology
Authors: Ametefe Divine Senanu , Hussin Norhayati , John Dah , Dzorgbenya Ametefe George , Adozuka Aliu Abdulmalik , Abdi Ali Zainab
Published: September 2024

The agricultural sector faces escalating challenges from climate volatility, environmental degradation, and rising food demand. Digital twin (DT) technology offers a transformative solution by creating virtual replicas of farms for data-driven decision making, optimising crop management, and enhancing soil health. This study highlights key findings on DT’s role in improving agricultural efficiency, sustainability, and resilience. Global case studies demonstrate successful DT deployment, although challenges persist in developing countries. Recommendations are provided to overcome these barriers. Ultimately, DTs are crucial for advancing sustainable farming, enhancing food security, mitigating environmental impacts, and aligning agriculture with global conservation and food security goals.
Torsional regularization of self-energy and bare mass of electron
Authors: Del Grosso Michael , Popławski Nikodem
Published: September 2024

In the presence of spacetime torsion, the momentum components do not commute; therefore, in quantum field theory, summation over the momentum eigenvalues will replace integration over the momentum. In the Einstein–Cartan theory of gravity, in which torsion is coupled to spin, the separation between the eigenvalues increases with the magnitude of the momentum. Consequently, this replacement regularizes divergent integrals in Feynman diagrams with loops by turning them into convergent sums. In this article, we apply torsional regularization to the self-energy of a charged lepton in quantum electrodynamics. We show that torsion eliminates the ultraviolet divergence of the standard self-energy. We also show that the infrared divergence is absent. In the end, we calculate the finite bare masses of the electron, muon, and tau lepton:

0.4329

MeV

,

90.95

MeV

, and

1543

MeV

, respectively. These values constitute about 85% of the observed, re-normalized masses.
Plasma power-to-X (PP2X): status and opportunities for non-thermal plasma technologies
Authors: Sun Jing , Qu Zhongping , Gao Yuting , Li Tianyu , Hong Jungmi , Zhang Tianqi , Zhou Rusen , Liu Dingxin , Tu Xin , Chen Guoxing , Brüser Volker , Weltmann Klaus-Dieter , Mei Danhua , Fang Zhi , Borras Ana , Barranco Angel , Xu Shaojun , Ma Chuanlong , Dou Liguang , Zhang Shuai , Shao Tao , Chen Guangliang , Liu Dawei , Lu Xinpei , Bo Zheng , Chiang Wei-Hung , Vasilev Krasimir , Keidar Michael , Nikiforov Anton , Jalili Ali Rouhollah , Cullen Patrick J , Dai Liming , Hessel Volker , Bogaerts Annemie , Murphy Anthony B , Zhou Renwu , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: September 2024

This article discusses the ‘power-to-X’ (P2X) concept, highlighting the integral role of non-thermal plasma (NTP) in P2X for the eco-friendly production of chemicals and valuable fuels. NTP with unique thermally non-equilibrium characteristics, enables exotic reactions to occur under ambient conditions. This review summarizes the plasma-based P2X systems, including plasma discharges, reactor configurations, catalytic or non-catalytic processes, and modeling techniques. Especially, the potential of NTP to directly convert stable molecules including CO2, CH4 and air/N2 is critically examined. Additionally, we further present and discuss hybrid technologies that integrate NTP with photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and biocatalysis, broadening its applications in P2X. It concludes by identifying key challenges, such as high energy consumption, and calls for the outlook in plasma catalysis and complex reaction systems to generate valuable products efficiently and sustainably, and achieve the industrial viability of the proposed plasma P2X strategy.
A novel multi-scale gated convolutional neural network based on informer for predicting the remaining useful life of rotating machinery
Authors: Wu Chenbin , You Aogui , Ge Ming-Feng , Liu Jie , Zhang Jiachuan , Chen Qian
Published: September 2024

Recently, neural networks based on deep learning techniques have been employed for remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of rotating machinery. However, there are some limitations: (1) convolutional neural networks primarily use local receptive fields to extract features, which leads to a relative weakness in modeling long-term dependencies on a global scale; (2) transformers face difficulties when dealing with uncertainties such as anomalies in input sequences, missing data, or variations in sampling frequency. This paper introduces a informer-based multi-scale gated convolutional network. Initially, a multi-scale gated convolution module is constructed to effectively extract features across various levels, adeptly capturing temporal patterns and long-term dependencies within the dataset. Subsequently, the derived multi-scale degradation features are utilized in predicting the RUL through an informer network, thereby enhancing the efficiency of parallel computing. To validate the effectiveness and superiority of this method, comparative experiments were conducted using two publicly available bearing datasets and various model approaches.
MDSC-FSPPA-LCFF network for diagnosis of rolling bearing with multipoint fault
Authors: Huang Yuan , Yan Changfeng , Liu Bin , Zhao Yingjie , Wu Lixiao
Published: September 2024

Faults that occur in rolling bearings during operation are complex and variable. While extensive research has been conducted on compound faults involving multiple components, studies on multiple faults in single component are relatively scarce. However, the occurrence of multiple faults in single component is a common phenomenon. To address the issues of difficulty in feature extraction, numerous network parameters, and slow computational speed, a multi-scale dynamic snake convolution with fast spatial pyramid pooling attention (FSPPA) and lightweight comprehensive feature fusion (LCFF) network is proposed for multipoint fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. Firstly, multi-scale shallow feature extraction module is applied to extract the features from the original signals. Then, dynamic snake convolution (DSC) with FSPPA module is used to refine these features deeply. Subsequently, LCFF module is employed to reduce network parameters while still fully extracting fault features. Additionally, fault identification is obtained through the softmax function. Finally, the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding method is utilized to visually demonstrate the fault classification performance of the proposed method. The experimental evaluation conducted on bearing datasets indicates that the proposed network exhibits excellent performance of multipoint fault diagnosis in rolling bearings.
Position and orientation estimation method based on 3D digital morphology contour registration
Authors: Wang Kan , Zhu Wen-hao , Yang Li-ping , Gu Xiao-hua , Guo Li-xia
Published: September 2024

Accurately and quickly obtaining the positions and orientations of mechanical parts based on the digital morphologies of mechanical parts are the key to achieving efficient and accurate assembly of mechanical parts. However, due to poor robustness and compactness in extracting digital morphology contours of mechanical parts, the accuracy of assembly positions and orientations obtained by using digital morphology contours cannot meet the requirements of high-precision assembly. Therefore, this paper proposes a position and orientation estimation method based on 3D digital morphology contour registration. This method extracts and optimizes digital morphology contours of mechanical parts and obtains the assembly positions and orientations by using an improved iterative closest point method to register the extracted digital morphology contours with those of the mechanical parts in assembly targets with desired positions and orientations. Experiments are conducted using mechanical parts from the ABC dataset and inertial confinement fusion micro-target. From the experimental results, when using the assembly positions and orientations obtained through the method proposed in this paper to assemble mechanical parts, it can achieve translation absolute errors of 8 μm, 5 μm, and 9 μm along the X-, Y-, and Z-axes, respectively. Similarly, the angular absolute errors in rotations around the Z-, Y-, and X-axes can be less than or equal to 0.16°, 0.15°, and 0.11°, respectively. The results prove that the proposed method in this paper exhibits high computational efficiency and accuracy, providing an effective approach for digital assembly of mechanical parts.