bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Avoid False-Negative and False-Positive COVID-19 PCR Testing
Authors: Fevraleva Irina , Glinshchikova Olga , Makarik Tatiana , Sudarikov Andrey
Published: June 2022

Background: Up to 40% of test results for COVID-19 in the presence of clinical manifestations of the disease might be negative. The reason for a false-negative result might originate from any step of the analysis: poor-quality or empty swab, poor RNA isolation, inactivation of reverse transcriptase or Taq polymerase in the test. Methods: Here we describe a PCR approach for SARS-CoV-2 detection with swab quality and integrity controlled by human ABL1 mRNA amplification. Designed primers work with the cDNA of the ABL1 gene, not genomic DNA. Results: The simultaneous appearance of three signals corresponding to the nucleocapsid, spike, and ABL1 gene indicates infection with the Omicron strain. The amplification of ABL1 gene and nucleocapsid only indicate other than Omicron infection. The appearance of ABL1 amplification only indicates a true negative result for SARS-CoV-2. All other variants are null and void. Conclusions: A system has been developed for multiplex PCR diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2, which makes it possible to eliminate errors leading to false-negative and false-positive results at all stages of analysis. This is accomplished by the presence of specific primers for human RNA, controlling proper swab application, handling, and all the stages of RT-PCR.
Electron-Deficient Ru(II) Complexes as Catalyst Precursors for Ethylene Hydrophenylation
Authors: Jia Xiaofan , Tian Songyuan , Shivokevich Philip J. , Harman W. Dean , Dickie Diane A. , Gunnoe T. Brent
Published: June 2022

Ruthenium(II) complexes with the general formula TpRu(L)(NCMe)Ph (Tp = hydrido(trispyrazolyl)borate, L = CO, PMe3, P(OCH2)3CEt, P(pyr)3, P(OCH2)2(O)CCH3) have previously been shown to catalyze arene alkylation via Ru-mediated arene C–H activation including the conversion of benzene and ethylene to ethylbenzene. Previous studies have suggested that the catalytic performance of these TpRu(II) catalysts increases with reduced electron-density at the Ru center. Herein, three new structurally related Ru(II) complexes are synthesized, characterized, and studied for possible catalytic benzene ethylation. TpRu(NO)Ph2 exhibited low stability due to the facile elimination of biphenyl. The Ru(II) complex (TpBr3)Ru(NCMe)(P(OCH2)3CEt)Ph (TpBr3 = hydridotris(3,4,5-tribromopyrazol-1-yl)borate) showed no catalytic activity for the conversion of benzene and ethylene to ethylbenzene, likely due to the steric bulk introduced by the bromine substituents. (Ttz)Ru(NCMe)(P(OCH2)3CEt)Ph (Ttz = hydridotris(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)borate) catalyzed approximately 150 turnover numbers (TONs) of ethylbenzene at 120 °C in the presence of Lewis acid additives. Here, we compare the activity and features of catalysis using (Ttz)Ru(NCMe)(P(OCH2)3CEt)Ph to previously reported catalysis based on TpRu(L)(NCMe)Ph catalyst precursors.
A Comprehensive Outlook on Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): State-Of-The-Art Developments with Special Emphasis on OMICS-Based Approaches
Authors: Sarohi Vivek , Srivastava Shriya , Basak Trayambak
Published: June 2022

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains an enigmatic cardiovascular disease (CVD) condition characterized by contractile dysfunction of the myocardium due to dilation of the ventricles. DCM is one of the major forms of CVD contributing to heart failure. Dilation of the left or both ventricles with systolic dysfunction, not explained by known causes, is a hallmark of DCM. Progression of DCM leads to heart failure. Genetic and various other factors greatly contribute to the development of DCM, but the etiology has still remained elusive in a large number of cases. A significant number of studies have been carried out to identify the genetic causes of DCM. These candidate-gene studies revealed that mutations in the genes of the fibrous, cytoskeletal, and sarcomeric proteins of cardiomyocytes result in the development of DCM. However, a significant proportion of DCM patients are idiopathic in nature. In this review, we holistically described the symptoms, causes (in adults and newborns), genetic basis, and mechanistic progression of DCM. Further, we also summarized the state-of-the-art diagnosis, available biomarkers, treatments, and ongoing clinical trials of potential drug regimens. DCM-mediated heart failure is on the rise worldwide including in India. The discovery of biomarkers with a better prognostic value is the need of the hour for better management of DCM-mediated heart failure patients. With the advent of next-generation omics-based technologies, it is now possible to probe systems-level alterations in DCM patients pertaining to the identification of novel proteomic and lipidomic biomarkers. Here, we also highlight the onset of a systems-level study in Indian DCM patients by applying state-of-the-art mass-spectrometry-based “clinical proteomics” and “clinical lipidomics”.
Switch of Nocturnal Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Authors: Tondo Pasquale , Pronzato Caterina , Risi Irene , D’Artavilla Lupo Nadia , Trentin Rossella , Arcovio Simona , Fanfulla Francesco
Published: June 2022

Background. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered the first-line treatment for patients with OSA, but Bilevel-PAP (BiPAP) therapy is a recognized option for noncompliant/unresponsive patients to CPAP. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of ResMed VAuto in the management of two different issues raised because of the Philips recall: the treatment of naïve noncompliant/unresponsive patients to CPAP (Group A) and the switch to VAuto for patients already on treatment with Philips Auto-BiPAP (Group B). Methods. Sixty-four patients who required auto-BiPAP treatment from August to December 2021 were included in the study. The efficacy of each mode of PAP therapy was compared between the two groups of patients. Results. Group A showed a statistically significant improvement in the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) (7.4 ± 8.5 events·h−1 vs. 15.2 ± 12.1 events·h−1, p < 0.001), and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (9.4 ± 8.9 events·h−1 vs. 15.2 ± 8.8 events·h−1, p = 0.029) during VAuto in comparison to CPAP, respectively. Conversely, a similar trend was found for patients in Group B for global AHI, but a statistically significant reduction was just found in supine AHI and ODI. In group B, an AHI <5 events·h−1 was found in 89.3% during VAuto in comparison to 82.1% with Philips Auto-BiPAP (p = ns). The levels of IPAPmax and EPAPmin were not statistically different between the two devices (p = 0.69 and p = 0.36, respectively). Conclusion. Bilevel ventilation in VAuto mode is effective in the clinical management of two different issues derived from the Philips recall. The switching between two different auto-BiPAP devices can be performed easily and successfully.
Effect of Graphene Nanofibers on the Morphological, Structural, Thermal, Phase Transitions and Mechanical Characteristics in Metallocene iPP Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Novo Sandra , Fonseca Carmen , Benavente Rosario , Blázquez-Blázquez Enrique , Cerrada María L. , Pérez Ernesto
Published: June 2022

Several nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion from a commercial metallocene-type isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and different amounts of two types of graphene (G) nanofibers: ones with a high specific surface, named GHS, and the others with a low specific surface, labeled as GLS. The number of graphene layers was found to be around eight for GLS and about five in the GHS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the resultant iPP nanocomposites showed a better homogeneity in the dispersion of the GLS nanofibers within the polymeric matrix compared with the distribution observed for the GHS ones. Crystallinity in the nanocomposites turned out to be dependent upon graphene content and upon thermal treatment applied during film preparation, the effect of the nature of the nanofiber being negligible. Graphene exerted a noticeable nucleating effect in the iPP crystallization. Furthermore, thermal stability was enlarged, shifting to higher temperatures, with increasing nanofiber amount. The mechanical response changed significantly with nanofiber type, along with its content, together with the thermal treatment applied to the nanocomposites. Features of nanofiber surface played a key role in the ultimate properties related to superficial and bulk stiffness.
Recent Advances in Gold Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Chuang Yao-Chen , Lee Hsin-Lun , Chiou Jeng-Fong , Lo Leu-Wei
Published: June 2022

Gold nanoparticle (AuNPs)-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted increasing attention both in laboratory research and clinical applications. Due to its easily-tuned properties of irradiation light and inside-out hyperthermia ability, it has demonstrated clear advantages in cancer therapy over conventional thermal ablation. Despite this great advancement, the therapeutic efficacy of AuNPs mediated PTT in tumor treatment remains compromised by several obstacles, including low photothermal conversion efficiency, tissue penetration limitation of excitation light, and inherent non-specificity. In view of the rapid development of AuNPs mediated PTT, we present an in-depth review of major breakthroughs in the advanced development of gold nanomaterials for PTT, with emphasis on those from 2010 to date. In particular, the current state of knowledge for AuNPs based photothermal agents within a paradigm of key structure-optical property relationships is presented in order to provide guidance for the design of novel AuNP based photothermal agents to meet necessary functional requirements in specific applications. Furthermore, potential challenges and future development of AuNP mediated PTT are also elucidated for clinical translation. It is expected that AuNP mediated PTT will soon constitute a markedly promising avenue in the treatment of cancer.
Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in a Rural Setting: A Case Study of DIMAMO Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Limpopo Province of South Africa
Authors: Mbombi Masenyani Oupa , Muthelo Livhuwani , Mphekgwane Peter , Dhau Inos , Tlouyamma Joseph , Nemuramba Rathani , Mashaba Reneilwe Given , Mothapo Katlego , Maimela Eric
Published: June 2022

Background: The primary purpose of introducing the COVID-19 vaccine was to fight the pandemic. However, the vaccine was not well received worldwide. This challenge has threatened the effective implementation and roll-out of COVID-19 immunization campaigns. The challenge of vaccine hesitancy was reported to be more prevalent in rural areas due to various factors such as cultural beliefs, misinformation, poverty, lack of education, and distrust of vaccines. Yet there seems to be a scarcity of studies determining the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy in deep rural areas of Limpopo. Purpose: The study aimed to explore the prevalence of COVID-19 hesitancy among the rural black population in South Africa. Study Methods: A longitudinal quantitative study was conducted with data from the DIMAMO Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) database for 2020 to 2022. A non-probability total sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Trained fieldworkers collected data using an electronic data capture questionnaire. A comparison of categorical variables was performed using Chi-Square in SPSS version 26 and the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval to analyze the data. Results: The limited availability of vaccination sites in Limpopo Province, South Africa, was associated with a reduced certainty that the vaccine would be accepted, as reported in the current study. The prevalence of visiting traditional healers was significantly higher in non-vaccinated than vaccinated participants among the rural black population, indicating a different cultural belief among the rural black population that existed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The present study findings show diverse factors of concern associated with vaccination hesitancy for COVID-19 among rural black people. Lack of education, gender, not being diagnosed with COVID-19, not being a Christian, visiting traditional healers, vaccine mistrust, unknown side effects, and a lack of confidence in the vaccine itself. Conspiracy theories were factors that impacted vaccine acceptance among black people living in rural areas. The prevalence of visiting traditional healers was significantly higher in non-vaccinated than vaccinated participants. Therefore, the present study findings emphasize the need to collectively integrate and utilize the traditional healers in the South African healthcare system.
Using Regression Analysis for Automated Material Selection in Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Pavlenko Ivan , Piteľ Ján , Ivanov Vitalii , Berladir Kristina , Mižáková Jana , Kolos Vitalii , Trojanowska Justyna
Published: June 2022

In intelligent manufacturing, the phase content and physical and mechanical properties of construction materials can vary due to different suppliers of blanks manufacturers. Therefore, evaluating the composition and properties for implementing a decision-making approach in material selection using up-to-date software is a topical problem in smart manufacturing. Therefore, the article aims to develop a comprehensive automated material selection approach. The proposed method is based on the comprehensive use of normalization and probability approaches and the linear regression procedure formulated in a matrix form. As a result of the study, analytical dependencies for automated material selection were developed. Based on the hypotheses about the impact of the phase composition on physical and mechanical properties, the proposed approach was proven qualitatively and quantitively for carbon steels from AISI 1010 to AISI 1060. The achieved results allowed evaluating the phase composition and physical properties for an arbitrary material from a particular group by its mechanical properties. Overall, an automated material selection approach based on decision-making criteria is helpful for mechanical engineering, smart manufacturing, and industrial engineering purposes.
Semi-Hyers–Ulam–Rassias Stability via Laplace Transform, for an Integro-Differential Equation of the Second Order
Authors: Inoan Daniela , Marian Daniela
Published: June 2022

The Laplace transform method is applied to study the semi-Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability of a Volterra integro-differential equation of the second order. A general equation is formulated first; then, some particular cases for the function from the kernel are considered.
Dynamic Jellyfish Search Algorithm Based on Simulated Annealing and Disruption Operators for Global Optimization with Applications to Cloud Task Scheduling
Authors: Attiya Ibrahim , Abualigah Laith , Alshathri Samah , Elsadek Doaa , Abd Elaziz Mohamed
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a novel dynamic Jellyfish Search Algorithm using a Simulated Annealing and disruption operator, called DJSD. The developed DJSD method incorporates the Simulated Annealing operators into the conventional Jellyfish Search Algorithm in the exploration stage, in a competitive manner, to enhance its ability to discover more feasible regions. This combination is performed dynamically using a fluctuating parameter that represents the characteristics of a hammer. The disruption operator is employed in the exploitation stage to boost the diversity of the candidate solutions throughout the optimization operation and avert the local optima problem. A comprehensive set of experiments is conducted using thirty classical benchmark functions to validate the effectiveness of the proposed DJSD method. The results are compared with advanced well-known metaheuristic approaches. The findings illustrated that the developed DJSD method achieved promising results, discovered new search regions, and found new best solutions. In addition, to further validate the performance of DJSD in solving real-world applications, experiments were conducted to tackle the task scheduling problem in cloud computing applications. The real-world application results demonstrated that DJSD is highly competent in dealing with challenging real applications. Moreover, it achieved gained high performances compared to other competitors according to several standard evaluation measures, including fitness function, makespan, and energy consumption.
Underestimated Ischemic Heart Disease in Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events after Septicemia Discharge
Authors: Hsiao Chih-Chun , Huang Yao-Ming , Chang Yin-Han , Lin Hui-Chen , Chien Wu-Chien , Cheng Chun-Gu , Cheng Chun-An
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives: Sepsis increases cardiovascular disease and causes death. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) without acute myocardial infarction has been discussed less, and the relationship between risk factors and IHD in septicemia survivors within six months is worthy of in-depth study. Our study demonstrated the incidence of IHD and the possible risk factors for IHD in septicemia patients within six months. Materials and Methods: An inpatient dataset of the Taiwanese Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between 2001 and 2003 was used. The events were defined as rehospitalization of stroke and IHD after discharge or death within six months after the first septicemia hospitalization. The relative factors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and IHD were identified by multivariate Cox proportional regression. Results: There were 4323 septicemia survivors and 404 (9.3%) IHD. New-onset atrial fibrillation had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.705 (95% confidence interval (C.I.): 1.156–2.516) for MACEs and carried a 184% risk with HR 2.836 (95% C.I.: 1.725–4.665) for IHD by adjusted area and other risk factors. Conclusions: This study explored advanced-aged patients who experienced more severe septicemia with new-onset atrial fibrillation, which increases the incidence of IHD in MACEs within six months of septicemia. Therefore, healthcare providers must identify patients with a higher IHD risk and modify risk factors beforehand.
Surgical Significance of Berry’s Posterolateral Ligament and Frequency of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury into the Last 2 cm of Its Caudal Extralaryngeal Part(P1) during Thyroidectomy
Authors: Mantalovas Stylianos , Sapalidis Konstantinos , Manaki Vasiliki , Magra Vasiliki , Laskou Styliani , Pantea Stelian , Lagopoulos Vasileios , Kesisoglou Isaak
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives: Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is one of the major complications of thyroidectomy, with the lateral thyroid ligament (Berry’s ligament) being the most frequent site of nerve injury. Neuromonitoring during thyroidectomy revealed three possible anatomical regions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve P1, P2, and P3. P1 represents the recurrent laryngeal nerve’s caudal extralaryngeal part and is primarily associated with Berry’s ligament. The aim of this systematic review is to identify the anatomical region with the highest risk of injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (detected via neuromonitoring) during thyroidectomy and to demonstrate the significance of Berry’s ligament as an anatomical structure for the perioperative recognition and protection of the nerve. Materials and Methods: This study conducts a systematic review of the literature and adheres to all PRISMA system criteria as well as recommendations for systematic anatomical reviews. Three search engines (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane) were used, and 18 out of 464 studies from 2003–2018 were finally included in this meta-analysis. All statistical data analyses were performed via SPSS 25 and Microsoft Office XL software. Results: 9191 nerves at risk were identified. In 75% of cases, the recurrent laryngeal nerve is located superficially to the ligament. In 71% of reported cases, the injury occurred in the P1 area, while the P3 zone (below the location where the nerve crosses the inferior thyroid artery) had the lowest risk of injury. Data from P1, P2, and P3 do not present significant heterogeneity. Conclusions: Berry’s ligament constitutes a reliable anatomical structure for recognizing and preserving recurrent laryngeal nerves. P1 is the anatomical area with the greatest risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve damage during thyroidectomy, compared to P2 and P3.
Recent Advances in the Research on the Anticyanobacterial Effects and Biodegradation Mechanisms of Microcystis aeruginosa with Microorganisms
Authors: Kong Yun , Wang Yue , Miao Lihong , Mo Shuhong , Li Jiake , Zheng Xing
Published: June 2022

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have attracted great attention around the world due to the numerous negative effects such as algal organic matters and cyanobacterial toxins in drinking water treatments. As an economic and environmentally friendly technology, microorganisms have been widely used for pollution control and remediation, especially in the inhibition/biodegradation of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in eutrophic water; moreover, some certain anticyanobacterial microorganisms can degrade microcystins at the same time. Therefore, this review aims to provide information regarding the current status of M. aeruginosa inhibition/biodegradation microorganisms and the acute toxicities of anticyanobacterial substances secreted by microorganisms. Based on the available literature, the anticyanobacterial modes and mechanisms, as well as the in situ application of anticyanobacterial microorganisms are elucidated in this review. This review aims to enhance understanding the anticyanobacterial microorganisms and provides a rational approach towards the future applications.
Unraveling Plant Cell Death during Phytophthora Infection
Authors: Midgley Kayla A. , van den Berg Noëlani , Swart Velushka
Published: June 2022

Oomycetes form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms, of which several hundred organisms are considered among the most devastating plant pathogens—especially members of the genus Phytophthora. Phytophthora spp. have a large repertoire of effectors that aid in eliciting a susceptible response in host plants. What is of increasing interest is the involvement of Phytophthora effectors in regulating programed cell death (PCD)—in particular, the hypersensitive response. There have been numerous functional characterization studies, which demonstrate Phytophthora effectors either inducing or suppressing host cell death, which may play a crucial role in Phytophthora’s ability to regulate their hemi-biotrophic lifestyle. Despite several advances in techniques used to identify and characterize Phytophthora effectors, knowledge is still lacking for some important species, including Phytophthora cinnamomi. This review discusses what the term PCD means and the gap in knowledge between pathogenic and developmental forms of PCD in plants. We also discuss the role cell death plays in the virulence of Phytophthora spp. and the effectors that have so far been identified as playing a role in cell death manipulation. Finally, we touch on the different techniques available to study effector functions, such as cell death induction/suppression.
Hyphal Fusions Enable Efficient Nutrient Distribution in Colletotrichum graminicola Conidiation and Symptom Development on Maize
Authors: Nordzieke Daniela Elisabeth
Published: June 2022

Hyphal and germling fusion is a common phenomenon in ascomycetous fungi. Due to the formed hyphal network, this process enables a coordinated development as well as an interaction with plant hosts and efficient nutrient distribution. Recently, our laboratory work demonstrated a positive correlation between germling fusion and the formation of penetrating hyphopodia on maize leaves outgoing from Colletotrichum graminicola oval conidia. To investigate the probable interconnectivity of these processes, we generated a deletion mutant in Cgso, in which homologs are essential for cellular fusion in other fungal species. However, hyphopodia development was not affected, indicating that both processes are not directly connected. Instead, we were able to link the cellular fusion defect in ∆Cgso to a decreased formation of asexual fruiting bodies of C. graminicola on the leaves. The monitoring of a fluorescent-labelled autophagy marker, eGFP-CgAtg8, revealed a high autophagy activity in the hyphae surrounding the acervuli. These results support the hypothesis that the efficient nutrient transport of degraded cellular material by hyphal fusions enables proper acervuli maturation and, therefore, symptom development on the leaves.
Pharmacological, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Mechanisms Underlying the Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-like Effects of Flavonoid Chrysin
Authors: Rodríguez-Landa Juan Francisco , German-Ponciano León Jesús , Puga-Olguín Abraham , Olmos-Vázquez Oscar Jerónimo
Published: June 2022

Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid isolated from plants, such as Passiflora coerulea, Passiflora incarnata, and Matricaria chamomilla. This natural molecule exerts diverse pharmacological effects, which includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects. Additionally, in brain structures, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, raphe nucleus, and striatum, involved in the physiopathology of anxiety and depression disorders, several neuropharmacological activities, including the activation of neurotransmitter systems (GABAergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic), neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the nerve growth factor, and some signaling pathways are affected. The results showed that the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of chrysin occurs through its interaction with specific neurotransmitter systems, principally the GABAergic and the serotonergic, and activation of other neurotrophic factors. However, it is not possible to discard the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of chrysin while producing its anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. Although these results have been obtained principally from pre-clinical research, they consistently demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of flavonoid chrysin as an anxiolytic and antidepressant agent. Therefore, this flavonoid could be considered as a promising novel therapy for anxiety and depression disorders.
Antiviral Activity of a Cyclic Pro-Pro-β3-HoPhe-Phe Tetrapeptide against HSV-1 and HAdV-5
Authors: Zaczyńska Ewa , Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Zabrocki Janusz , Artym Jolanta , Zimecki Michał
Published: June 2022

The core of Cyclolinopeptide A (CLA, cyclo(LIILVPPFF)), responsible for its high immunosuppressive activity, contains a Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe sequence. A newly synthesized cyclic tetrapeptide, cyclo(Pro-Pro-β3-HoPhe-Phe) (denoted as 4B8M) bearing the active sequence of CLA, was recently shown to exhibit a wide array of anti-inflammatory properties in mouse models. In this investigation, we demonstrate that the peptide significantly inhibits the replication of human adenovirus C serotype 5 (HAdV-5) and Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) in epithelial lung cell line A-549, applying Cidofovir and Acyclovir as reference drugs. Based on a previously established mechanism of its action, we propose that the peptide may inhibit virus replication by the induction of PGE2 acting via EP2/EP4 receptors in epithelial cells. In summary, we reveal a new, antiviral property of this anti-inflammatory peptide.
Monitoring and Surveillance of Small Ruminant Health in The Netherlands
Authors: Dijkstra Eveline , Vellema Piet , Peterson Karianne , Bogt-Kappert Carlijn ter , Dijkman Reinie , Harkema Liesbeth , van Engelen Erik , Aalberts Marian , Santman-Berends Inge , van den Brom René
Published: June 2022

In contemporary society and modern livestock farming, a monitoring and surveillance system for animal health has become indispensable. In addition to obligations arising from European regulations regarding monitoring and surveillance of animal diseases, The Netherlands developed a voluntary system for the monitoring and surveillance of small ruminant health. This system aims for (1) early detection of outbreaks of designated animal diseases, (2) early detection of yet unknown disease conditions, and (3) insight into trends and developments. To meet these objectives, a system is in place based on four main surveillance components, namely a consultancy helpdesk, diagnostic services, multiple networks, and an annual data analysis. This paper describes the current system and its ongoing development and gives an impression of nearly twenty years of performance by providing a general overview of key findings and three elaborated examples of notable disease outbreaks. Results indicate that the current system has added value to the detection of various (re)emerging and new diseases. Nevertheless, animal health monitoring and surveillance require a flexible approach that is able to keep pace with changes and developments within the industry. Therefore, monitoring and surveillance systems should be continuously adapted and improved using new techniques and insights.
Capsaicin Inhibits Inflammation and Gastric Damage during H pylori Infection by Targeting NF-kB–miRNA Axis
Authors: Saha Kalyani , Sarkar Deotima , Khan Uzma , Karmakar Bipul Chandra , Paul Sangita , Mukhopadhyay Asish K. , Dutta Shanta , Bhattacharya Sushmita
Published: June 2022

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered as one of the strongest risk factors for gastric disorders. Infection triggers several host pathways to elicit inflammation, which further proceeds towards gastric complications. The NF-kB pathway plays a central role in the upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection. It also regulates the transcriptional network of several inflammatory cytokine genes. Hence, targeting NF-kB could be an important strategy to reduce pathogenesis. Moreover, treatment of H. pylori needs attention as current therapeutics lack efficacy due to antibiotic resistance, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigated the effects of capsaicin, a known NF-kB inhibitor in reducing inflammation and gastric complications during H. pylori infection. We observed that capsaicin reduced NF-kB activation and upregulation of cytokine genes in an in vivo mice model. Moreover, it affected NF-kB–miRNA interplay to repress inflammation and gastric damages. Capsaicin reduced the expression level of mir21 and mir223 along with the pro-inflammatory cytokines. The repression of miRNA further affected downstream targets such as e-cadherin and Akt. Our data represent the first evidence that treatment with capsaicin inhibits inflammation and induces antimicrobial activity during H. pylori infection. This alternative approach might open a new avenue in treating H. pylori infection, thus reducing gastric problems.
Development and Pilot Testing of a Dispensing Protocol on Emergency Contraceptive Pills for Community Pharmacists in Belgium
Authors: Ceulemans Michael , Brughmans Marieke , Poortmans Laura-Lien , Spreuwers Ellen , Willekens Julie , Roose Nele , De Wulf Isabelle , Foulon Veerle
Published: June 2022

Community pharmacists in Belgium frequently dispense emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). However, variable and insufficient counseling practices exist across pharmacies, highlighting the need for standardization and quality improvement strategies. The aim of this project was to develop and test an ECP dispensing protocol for pharmacists. An ‘experience-based’ co-design approach involving academic and practicing pharmacists was applied, followed by a 4-month test period and interviews to assess users’ experiences. In total, eight geographically dispersed pharmacies participated. Pharmacists (n = 15) reached a consensus on most items to be included in the protocol, which was subsequently tested in seven pharmacies, with overall 97 registered ECP conversations. Pharmacists considered the protocol complete but felt that not all items should be mentioned/questioned during all conversations. They suggested only subtle modifications to be made prior to delivering a final protocol ready for nationwide distribution. Despite attributing positive effects to having a protocol, no single pharmacist ‘actively’ used it at-the-counter but used it instead as a ‘checklist’ after the encounter. Pharmacists found that the paper-based format of the protocol hindered protocol-based dispensing. Future research is needed to provide evidence on the actual benefits of protocol application, as well as to identify factors influencing the implementation of ECP dispensing using a software-integrated protocol.
Care Ethics and the Feminist Personalism of Edith Stein
Authors: Urban Petr
Published: June 2022

The personalist ethics of Edith Stein and her feminist thought are intrinsically interrelated. This unique connection constitutes perhaps the main novelty of Stein’s ethical thought that makes her a forerunner of some recent developments in feminist ethics, particularly ethics of care. A few scholars have noticed the resemblance between Stein’s feminist personalism and care ethics, yet none of them have properly explored it. This paper offers an in-depth discussion of the overlaps and differences between Stein’s ethical insights and the core ideas of care ethics. It argues that both Stein and care ethicists relocate a certain set of practices, values and attitudes from the periphery to the center of ethical reflection. This includes relationality, emotionality and care. The paper finally argues that it is plausible and fruitful to read Stein’s advocacy of ‘woman’s values and attitudes’ in a critical feminist way, rather than as an instance of essentialist difference feminism.
Novel Outlook on the Eigenvalue Problem for the Orbital Angular Momentum Operator
Authors: Japaridze George , Khelashvili Anzor , Turashvili Koba
Published: June 2022

Based on the novel prescription for the power function, (x+iy)m, the new expression for Ψ(x,y|m), the eigenfunction of the operator of the third component of the angular momentum, M^z, is presented. These functions are normalizable, single valued and, distinct to the traditional presentation, (x+iy)m=ρmeimϕ, are invariant under the rotations at 2π for any, not necessarily integer, m—the eigenvalue of M^z. For any real m the functions Ψ(x,y|m) form an orthonormal set, therefore they may serve as a quantum mechanical eigenfunction of M^z. The eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the angular momentum operator squared, M^2, derived for the two different prescriptions for the square root, (m2)1/2, (m2)1/2=|m| and (m2)1/2=±m, are reported. The normalizable eigenfunctions of M^2 are presented in terms of hypergeometric functions, admitting integer as well as non-integer eigenvalues. It is shown that the purely integer spectrum is not the most general solution but is just the artifact of a particular choice of the Legendre functions as the pair of linearly independent solutions of the eigenvalue problem for the M^2.
Conservation and Divergence of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Gene Family in Cotton
Authors: Wei Yangyang , Li Zhaoguo , Wedegaertner Tom C. , Jaconis Susan , Wan Sumei , Zhao Zilin , Liu Zhen , Liu Yuling , Zheng Juyun , Hake Kater D. , Peng Renhai , Zhang Baohong
Published: June 2022

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is an important enzyme in plants, which regulates carbon flow through the TCA cycle and controls protein and oil biosynthesis. Although it is important, there is little research on PEPC in cotton, the most important fiber crop in the world. In this study, a total of 125 PEPCs were identified in 15 Gossypium genomes. All PEPC genes in cotton are divided into six groups and each group generally contains one PEPC member in each diploid cotton and two in each tetraploid cotton. This suggests that PEPC genes already existed in cotton before their divergence. There are additional PEPC sub-groups in other plant species, suggesting the different evolution and natural selection during different plant evolution. PEPC genes were independently evolved in each cotton sub-genome. During cotton domestication and evolution, certain PEPC genes were lost and new ones were born to face the new environmental changes and human being needs. The comprehensive analysis of collinearity events and selection pressure shows that genome-wide duplication and fragment duplication are the main methods for the expansion of the PEPC family, and they continue to undergo purification selection during the evolutionary process. PEPC genes were widely expressed with temporal and spatial patterns. The expression patterns of PEPC genes were similar in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense with a slight difference. PEPC2A and 2D were highly expressed in cotton reproductive tissues, including ovule and fiber at all tested developmental stages in both cultivated cottons. However, PEPC1A and 1D were dominantly expressed in vegetative tissues. Abiotic stress also induced the aberrant expression of PEPC genes, in which PEPC1 was induced by both chilling and salinity stresses while PEPC5 was induced by chilling and drought stresses. Each pair (A and D) of PEPC genes showed the similar response to cotton development and different abiotic stress, suggesting the similar function of these PEPCs no matter their origination from A or D sub-genome. However, some divergence was also observed among their origination, such as PEPC5D was induced but PEPC5A was inhibited in G. barbadense during drought treatment, suggesting that a different organized PEPC gene may evolve different functions during cotton evolution. During cotton polyploidization, the homologues genes may refunction and play different roles in different situations.
The Prediction of Distribution of the Invasive Fallopia Taxa in Slovakia
Authors: Gašparovičová Petra , Ševčík Michal , David Stanislav
Published: June 2022

Invasive species are now considered the second biggest threat for biodiversity and have adverse environmental, economic and social impacts. Understanding its spatial distribution and dynamics is crucial for the development of tools for large-scale mapping, monitoring and management. The aim of this study was to predict the distribution of invasive Fallopia taxa in Slovakia and to identify the most important predictors of spreading of these species. We designed models of species distribution for invasive species of Fallopia—Fallopia japonica—Japanese knotweed, Fallopia sachalinensis—Sakhalin knotweed and their hybrid Fallopia × bohemica—Czech knotweed. We designed 12 models—generalized linear model (GLM), generalized additive model (GAM), classification and regression trees (CART), boosted regression trees (BRT), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), random forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural networks (ANN), maximum entropy (Maxent), penalized maximum likelihood GLM (GLMNET), domain, and radial basis function network (RBF). The accuracy of the models was evaluated using occurrence data for the presence and absence of species. The final simplified logistic regression model showed the three most important prediction variables lead by distances from roads and rails, then type of soil and distances from water bodies. The probability of invasive Fallopia species occurrence was evaluated using Pearson’s chi-squared test (χ21). It significantly decreases with increasing distance from transport lines (χ21 = 118.85, p < 0.001) and depends on soil type (χ21 = 49.56, p < 0.001) and the distance from the water, where increasing the distance decrease the probability (χ21 = 8.95, p = 0.003).
O essencial é invisível aos olhos
Authors: Moraes Luís Carlos Araújo
Published: June 2022

O crime ambiental cometido contra a avifauna brasileira devasta nossa rica biodiversidade, além de condicionar à dor e ao sofrimento, assim como a privação da liberdade, quando não a vida, das espécies. Várias são as estratégias e ações utilizadas visando mitigar as ameaças à biodiversidade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir o turismo de observação de pássaros como forma de minimizar o impacto dos crimes cometidos contra a fauna brasileira e seu papel na preservação das mesmas. O tipo de investigação utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica de conceitos, normas, legislações e procedimentos pertinentes. O resultado aponta para uma maior sensibilização da causa animal e consequente preservação dos recursos naturais quando o assunto em questão é tratado no seu ambiente natural, pela educação formal, de forma multidisciplinar.
Observação de aves na RPPN Santuário do Caraça (MG) no contexto das serras do Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Vasconcelos Marcelo Ferreira de
Published: June 2022

A Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Santuário do Caraça (RPPNSC) é um importante polo turístico em Minas Gerais que abriga quase 400 espécies da avifauna, sendo considerada uma área importante para a conservação das aves (IBA – “Important Bird Area”) da Mata Atlântica. No entanto, a prática da observação de aves ainda é pouco difundida na região, em comparação com outras localidades serranas tradicionalmente mais visitadas no Sudeste brasileiro. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o potencial da RPPNSC para a prática desta atividade no contexto das serras do Sudeste brasileiro, com base na ocorrência de táxons típicos e endêmicos da Mata Atlântica ou dos campos rupestres e de altitude. Foi realizada uma compilação desses táxons com base nos levantamentos efetuados na RPPNSC e ao longo de 25 anos de amostragem em campo, considerando-se diferentes trilhas e atrativos. A fim de se verificar e compilar a ocorrência desses táxons em outras áreas serranas do Sudeste do Brasil que fazem parte da rota de observação de aves ou que apresentam potencial para tal atividade, foram consideradas oito localidades na revisão. As análises indicaram a presença de 90 táxons (incluindo subespécies) endêmicos ou típicos da Mata Atlântica ou dos campos rupestres e de altitude das serras do Sudeste do Brasil na RPPNSC. Dentre eles, 17 apresentam registros em apenas metade ou menos das outras localidades serranas e muitos são comuns localmente, podendo ser observados com relativa facilidade em trilhas com níveis de caminhada leve ou médio. Também é apresentada uma análise de riqueza desses táxons em diversas trilhas da RPPNSC que apresentam diferentes níveis de caminhada, indicando a possibilidade de observação de números elevados de aves endêmicas e típicas das montanhas do Sudeste do Brasil, mesmo em trilhas com nível leve de caminhada ou nos próprios arredores do hotel. As principais aves de interesse para observação são destacadas para direcionar futuros observadores e guias, de acordo com seus interesses específicos. Embora apresente excelente infraestrutura de hospedagem e alimentação, a RPPNSC não figura como uma das áreas mais conhecidas para a observação de aves no Sudeste brasileiro, sendo ofuscada por outras localidades tradicionalmente visitadas para esta finalidade, a exemplo do Itatiaia e da Serra do Cipó. Assim, sugere-se que a RPPNSC e seu entorno sejam mais bem aproveitados para a prática de observação de aves.
Festival Aves de Paraty (RJ): projeto, evento, turismo em prol da preservação ambiental (2012-2016)
Authors: Chaves Valéria da Conceição , Silva Ana Carolina Pereira da
Published: June 2022

Paraty é uma cidade composta de muitos atrativos turísticos e um calendário de eventos que acontecem durante o decorrer de todo o ano. O Festival Aves de Paraty é um evento que visa à promoção da conscientização da comunidade local sobre o cuidado com as aves. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o Festival e o Projeto Aves de Paraty, avaliando, especialmente, o projeto e seus impactos. Para tanto, recorreu-se ao uso de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, bem como o levantamento de dados a partir da aplicação e da análise de questionários utilizando o método qualitativo, acrescido das contribuições oferecidas pelo método dialético. Diante da pesquisa realizada, pode-se afirmar que o Festival Aves de Paraty contribui para o fortalecimento dos segmentos de turismo, identificados como ecoturismo e o turismo de natureza, devido às ações em prol da diminuição dos impactos negativos desta atividade e do envolvimento da comunidade local, promovendo a conscientização e o desejo de preservação da fauna e flora do local visitado (Paraty). Ressalta-se, na proposta do evento, o intuito de estimular a conservação do meio ambiente, a partir da educação ambiental, usando como instrumento principal a reflexão e prática da observação de aves.
A revoada dos Guarás como atrativo turístico: estudo de caso no litoral do Brasil
Authors: Colasante Tatiana , Silva Carolina Vanessa Santos da , Jesus Carlos Antonio Lima de , Oliveira Alini Nunes de
Published: June 2022

O Brasil é um dos países com maior diversidade de aves no mundo. Com isso, torna-se evidente o seu potencial para o turismo de observação de aves, embora ainda seja uma atividade pouco explorada. A fim de identificar de que forma esse tipo de turismo tem sido organizado no país, realizou-se um estudo de caso utilizando como recorte espacial os litorais nordeste e sul do país, regiões que tem como atrativo turístico a revoada dos guarás, pássaro que tem como característica principal a coloração avermelhada em suas penas e que já esteve em vias de extinção. O trabalho apresenta uma análise sobre a observação de aves como atrativo turístico e que pode ser utilizado como ferramenta de interpretação e proteção do patrimônio ambiental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, no qual os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram a pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes de quatro agências de viagens nos estados do Maranhão e Piauí (Delta do Paraíba) e Paraná (Baías de Guaratuba e Guaraqueçaba). Como resultado, aponta-se que o turismo de observação de aves no Brasil nas regiões estudadas encontra-se de forma descompassada em sua organização, uma vez que no nordeste, os passeios analisados mostraram-se mais comerciais, onde os guarás acabam se tornando um atrativo secundário diante dos roteiros comercializados, enquanto no sul, em função de uma estruturação do turismo de base comunitária, notou-se uma preocupação maior em ofertar um turismo de pequena escala e mais voltado à interpretação ambiental. Em função de ser uma ave que vem retornando aos seus habitats originais após um longo período de desaparecimento em decorrência de ações antrópicas, os guarás têm uma importância relevante na biodiversidade. Com o estudo, espera-se que haja um repensar nas formas de conduzir os passeios para que o turismo de observação de aves não se projete no vazio, mas que seja permeado de valores que possam contribuir para que o turista se sensibilize para a proteção ambiental.