bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propionibacteria as promising tools for the production of pro-bioactive scotta: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Coronas Roberta , Zara Giacomo , Gallo Antonio , Rocchetti Gabriele , Lapris Marco , Petretto Giacomo Luigi , Zara Severino , Fancello Francesco , Mannazzu Ilaria
Published: July 2023

Dairy propionibacteria are Gram positive Actinomycetota, routinely utilized as starters in Swiss type cheese making and highly appreciated for their probiotic properties and health promoting effects. In this work, within the frame of a circular economy approach, 47 Propionibacterium and Acidipropionibacterium spp. were isolated from goat cheese and milk, and ewe rumen liquor, and characterized in view of their possible utilization for the production of novel pro-bioactive food and feed on scotta, a lactose rich substrate and one of the main by-products of the dairy industry. The evaluation of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 13 among the most common antibiotics in clinical practice revealed a general susceptibility to ampicillin, gentamycin, streptomycin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin while confirming a lower susceptibility to aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin. Twenty-five isolates, that proved capable of lactose utilization as the sole carbon source, were then characterized for functional and biotechnological properties. Four of them, ascribed to Propionibacterium freudenreichii species, and harboring resistance to bile salts (growth at 0.7–1.56 mM of unconjugated bile salts), acid stress (>80% survival after 1 h at pH 2), osmostress (growth at up to 6.5% NaCl) and lyophilization (survival rate > 80%), were selected and inoculated in scotta. On this substrate the four isolates reached cell densities ranging from 8.11 ± 0.14 to 9.45 ± 0.06 Log CFU mL−1 and proved capable of producing different vitamin B9 vitamers after 72 h incubation at 30°C. In addition, the semi-quantitative analysis following the metabolomics profiling revealed a total production of cobalamin derivatives (vitamin B12) in the range 0.49–1.31 mg L−1, thus suggesting a full activity of the corresponding biosynthetic pathways, likely involving a complex interplay between folate cycle and methylation cycle required in vitamin B12 biosynthesis. These isolates appear interesting candidates for further ad-hoc investigation regarding the production of pro-bioactive scotta.
Tutorial: using NEURON for neuromechanical simulations
Authors: Fietkiewicz Chris , McDougal Robert A. , Corrales Marco David , Chiel Hillel J. , Thomas Peter J.
Published: July 2023

The dynamical properties of the brain and the dynamics of the body strongly influence one another. Their interaction generates complex adaptive behavior. While a wide variety of simulation tools exist for neural dynamics or biomechanics separately, there are few options for integrated brain-body modeling. Here, we provide a tutorial to demonstrate how the widely-used NEURON simulation platform can support integrated neuromechanical modeling. As a first step toward incorporating biomechanics into a NEURON simulation, we provide a framework for integrating inputs from a “periphery” and outputs to that periphery. In other words, “body” dynamics are driven in part by “brain” variables, such as voltages or firing rates, and “brain” dynamics are influenced by “body” variables through sensory feedback. To couple the “brain” and “body” components, we use NEURON'spointerconstruct to share information between “brain” and “body” modules. This approach allows separate specification of brain and body dynamics and code reuse. Though simple in concept, the use of pointers can be challenging due to a complicated syntax and several different programming options. In this paper, we present five different computational models, with increasing levels of complexity, to demonstrate the concepts of code modularity using pointers and the integration of neural and biomechanical modeling within NEURON. The models include: (1) a neuromuscular model of calcium dynamics and muscle force, (2) a neuromechanical, closed-loop model of a half-center oscillator coupled to a rudimentary motor system, (3) a closed-loop model of neural control for respiration, (4) a pedagogical model of a non-smooth “brain/body” system, and (5) a closed-loop model of feeding behavior in the sea hareAplysia californicathat incorporates biologically-motivated non-smooth dynamics. This tutorial illustrates how NEURON can be integrated with a broad range of neuromechanical models.

Code available at

https://github.com/fietkiewicz/PointerBuilder.
The onset of cerebral infarction may be affected by differences in atmospheric pressure distribution patterns
Authors: Fukunaga Atsushi , Koyama Hideki , Fuse Takahisa , Haraguchi Asami
Published: July 2023

Background

Some papers have highlighted a possible causal relationship between the onset of ischemic stroke and weather conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the onset mechanism of cerebral infarction from a meteorological approach. We focused on the atmospheric pressure distribution patterns (APDPs).

Methods

The subjects are 221 cases diagnosed as cardiogenic cerebral embolism (Group A) and 612 cases diagnosed as atherosclerotic cerebral thrombosis (Group B). We investigated the APDP on the date closest to the date and time of onset of cerebral infarction in each patient on the website and chose the most similar one from the reported 11 APDPs. Groups A and B were compared for clinical characteristics and the appearance rate of each APDP in each group.

Results

The clinical characteristics of Groups A and B were consistent with some previously reported clinical characteristics of cerebral embolism and cerebral thrombosis except for smoking. The appearance rate of the other high-pressure type, which cannot be classified as either the anticyclone belt type or the migratory anticyclone type, in Group B was statistically significantly higher than that in Group A, and the appearance rate of the anticyclone belt type in Group A was statistically significantly higher than that in Group B (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact probability method, respectively).

Conclusions

Cerebral embolism and cerebral thrombosis exhibited significant differences in APDPs on the day of onset. Dehydration particularly in the other high-pressure type or in the anticyclone belt type should be prevented. Further investigation should focus on the other meteorological factors.
The challenge of measuring physiological parameters during motor imagery engagement in patients after a stroke
Authors: Gäumann Szabina , Aksöz Efe Anil , Behrendt Frank , Wandel Jasmin , Cappelletti Letizia , Krug Annika , Mörder Daniel , Bill Annika , Parmar Katrin , Gerth Hans Ulrich , Bonati Leo H. , Schuster-Amft Corina
Published: July 2023

Introduction

It is suggested that eye movement recordings could be used as an objective evaluation method of motor imagery (MI) engagement. Our investigation aimed to evaluate MI engagement in patients after stroke (PaS) compared with physical execution (PE) of a clinically relevant unilateral upper limb movement task of the patients' affected body side.

Methods

In total, 21 PaS fulfilled the MI ability evaluation [Kinaesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ-10), body rotation task (BRT), and mental chronometry task (MC)]. During the experiment, PaS moved a cup to distinct fields while wearing smart eyeglasses (SE) with electrooculography electrodes integrated into the nose pads and electrodes for conventional electrooculography (EOG). To verify MI engagement, heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded, simultaneously with electroencephalography (EEG). Eye movements were recorded during MI, PE, and rest in two measurement sessions to compare the SE performance between conditions and SE's psychometric properties.

Results

MI and PE correlation of SE signals varied between r = 0.12 and r = 0.76. Validity (cross-correlation with EOG signals) was calculated for MI (r = 0.53) and PE (r = 0.57). The SE showed moderate test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) with r = 0.51 (95% CI 0.26–0.80) for MI and with r = 0.53 (95% CI 0.29 – 0.76) for PE. Event-related desynchronization and event-related synchronization changes of EEG showed a large variability. HR and SpO2 recordings showed similar values during MI and PE. The linear mixed model to examine HR and SpO2 between conditions (MI, PE, rest) revealed a significant difference in HR between rest and MI, and between rest and PE but not for SpO2. A Pearson correlation between MI ability assessments (KVIQ, BRT, MC) and physiological parameters showed no association between MI ability and HR and SpO2.

Conclusion

The objective assessment of MI engagement in PaS remains challenging in clinical settings. However, HR was confirmed as a reliable parameter to assess MI engagement in PaS. Eye movements measured with the SE during MI did not resemble those during PE, which is presumably due to the demanding task. A re-evaluation with task adaptation is suggested.
Transatmospheric ileal stoma manometry can be applied for the early detection of stoma outlet obstruction
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Wang Yizhi , Lin Beibei , Liu Yue , Gu Jin , Ling Limian , Xu Dong , Ding Kefeng
Published: July 2023

Background

Stoma outlet obstruction (SOO) is a common complication of diverting ileostomy and usually detected at the advanced stage when the intestine is obviously obstructed. The objective of this study is to explore the efficacy of transatmospheric ileal stoma manometry (TISM) in early detection of SOO before the manifestation of intestinal obstruction.

Methods

A single-center prospective study was performed in patients scheduled to undergo reversal ileostomy and laparoscopic anterior rectal resection and diverting ileostomy in Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 1st July 2022 to 31st December 2022. The stoma pressure was measured by TISM at different time points.

Results

The mean stoma pressure of the 30 patients before reversal ileostomy was 5.21 cmH2O which was considered as normal standard of stoma pressure, and ranged from 1.2 to 8.56 cmH2O. After excluding two patients with anastomotic leakage, a total of 38 patients who were subjected to laparoscopic anterior rectal resection and diverting ileostomy were further included in this study. The incidence of anastomotic leakage was 5% and that of SOO was 12.5%. The mean postoperative obstruction time was 5.2 (3-7) days and the mean time from elevated stoma pressure to diagnosed as SOO was 2.8 (2-4) days in the five patients who developed SOO. The pressure measured at the third stoma manometry time point (second day after return of gut function) (10.23 vs. 6.04 cmH2O, p<0.001) and the postoperative hospital stay (10 vs. 8.49 days, p=0.028) showed significantly difference between the SOO and non-SOO groups. The pressures measured at the first time point (before return of gut function) (4 vs. 4.49 cmH2O, p=0.585), the second time point (the day of return of gut function) (6.8 vs. 5.62 cmH2O, p=0.123), and the fourth time point (discharge day) (5.88 vs. 5.9 cmH2O, p=0.933) showed no significant difference in both groups.

Conclusion

TISM can be utilized for early detection of SOO and can be incorporated as a novel diagnostic method together with abdominal CT scan to realize the goal of ERAS.
Phylogeny of Leontopodium (Asteraceae) in China—with a reference to plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal DNA
Authors: Xu Xue-Min , Wei Zhen , Sun Jun-Zhe , Zhao Qing-Fei , Lu Yang , Wang Zhen-Long , Zhu Shi-Xin
Published: July 2023

The infrageneric taxonomy system, species delimitation, and interspecies systematic relationships of Leontopodium remain controversial and complex. However, only a few studies have focused on the molecular phylogeny of this genus. In this study, the characteristics of 43 chloroplast genomes of Leontopodium and its closely related genera were analyzed. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred based on chloroplast genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). Finally, together with the morphological characteristics, the relationships within Leontopodium were identified and discussed. The results showed that the chloroplast genomes of Filago, Gamochaeta, and Leontopodium were well-conserved in terms of gene number, gene order, and GC content. The most remarkable differences among the three genera were the length of the complete chloroplast genome, large single-copy region, small single-copy region, and inverted repeat region. In addition, the chloroplast genome structure of Leontopodium exhibited high consistency and was obviously different from that of Filago and Gamochaeta in some regions, such as matk, trnK (UUU)-rps16, petN-psbM, and trnE (UUC)-rpoB. All the phylogenetic trees indicated that Leontopodium was monophyletic. Except for the subgeneric level, our molecular phylogenetic results were inconsistent with the previous taxonomic system, which was based on morphological characteristics. Nevertheless, we found that the characteristics of the leaf base, stem types, and carpopodium base were phylogenetically correlated and may have potential value in the taxonomic study of Leontopodium. In the phylogenetic trees inferred using complete chloroplast genomes, the subgen. Leontopodium was divided into two clades (Clades 1 and 2), with most species in Clade 1 having herbaceous stems, amplexicaul, or sheathed leaves, and constricted carpopodium; most species in Clade 2 had woody stems, not amplexicaul and sheathed leaves, and not constricted carpopodium.
Functional analysis of polyphenol oxidase 1 gene in common wheat
Authors: Zhai Shengnan , Liu Hang , Xia Xianchun , Li Haosheng , Cao Xinyou , He Zhonghu , Ma Wujun , Liu Cheng , Song Jianmin , Liu Aifeng , Zhang Jingjuan , Liu Jianjun
Published: July 2023

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity is a major cause of the undesirable brown color of wheat-based products. Ppo1, a major gene for PPO activity, was cloned based on sequence homology in previous studies; however, its function and regulation mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the function and genetic regulation of Ppo1 were analyzed using RNA interference (RNAi) and Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) technology, and superior mutants were identified. Compared with the control, the level of Ppo1 transcript in RNAi transgenic lines was drastically decreased by 15.5%–60.9% during grain development, and PPO activity was significantly reduced by 12.9%–20.4%, confirming the role of Ppo1 in PPO activity. Thirty-two Ppo1 mutants were identified in the ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population, including eight missense mutations, 16 synonymous mutations, and eight intron mutations. The expression of Ppo1 was reduced significantly by 6.7%–37.1% and 10.1%–54.4% in mutants M092141 (G311S) and M091098 (G299R), respectively, in which PPO activity was decreased by 29.7% and 28.8%, respectively, indicating that mutation sites of two mutants have important effects on PPO1 function. Sequence and structure analysis revealed that the two sites were highly conserved among 74 plant species, where the frequency of glycine was 94.6% and 100%, respectively, and adjacent to the entrance of the hydrophobic pocket of the active site. The M092141 and M091098 mutants can be used as important germplasms to develop wheat cultivars with low grain PPO activity. This study provided important insights into the molecular mechanism of Ppo1 and the genetic improvement of wheat PPO activity.
Oral language skills and mental health in female prisoners: pragmatic skills are essential
Authors: Morken Frøydis , Helland Wenche Andersen , Evanger Elisabeth , Vårvik Aslaug , Jones Lise Øen
Published: July 2023

Introduction

There are strong indications of an elevated incidence of both language problems and problems with mental health among prisoners. We also know that women in prison are a particularly vulnerable group who often face conditions that foremost accommodate the needs of men. In order to adapt prison conditions to women’s needs and give better help, we need more information about their characteristics. In this study, we wanted to explore associations between oral language problems and mental health (depression and anxiety) in women in prison.

Method

Participants were 58 women, recruited from high and low security women’s and mixed prisons. They completed a questionnaire covering demographic variables and several self-report measures. In the present study, the language measures were a Language Composite score (comprising articulation, impressive and expressive language, and pragmatics) and the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ), measuring pragmatic skills specifically. Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 (HSCL) was used as a measure of psychological distress. First, we assessed correlations between the language measures and mental health. Second, we performed group comparisons with groups defined as over or under cut-off on the Language Composite, LCQ total, and HSCL total scores.

Results

Results supported a clear connection between overall language and overall mental health. Pragmatic skills were the main driver of this effect. There was no difference in mental health between those scoring above and below cut-off for general language problems but the group with possible pragmatic impairment showed poorer mental health than those without. Conversely, there was no difference in general language skills between the groups scoring within and outside the range of psychological distress, but the first group evaluated their pragmatic skills as significantly poorer than the latter.

Discussion

We conclude that pragmatics seem to be core to the association between oral language skills and mental health among female prisoners. This should have implications for language services in prisons, as attending to these issues could positively affect prognosis and outcome.
Antipsychotics reduces mortality in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study of psychiatric consultation cases
Authors: Geng Wenqi , Zhang Shangzhu , Cao Jinya , Zhu Boheng , Duan Yanping , Hong Xia , Wei Jing
Published: July 2023

Objective

This study aimed to identify the presence of psychiatric comorbidities as well as investigate the relationship between psychiatric interventions for mental symptoms and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Method

We retrospectively evaluated the records of 160 inpatients with SLE who required psychiatric consultation for further therapeutic intervention from 2013 to 2020 in a tertiary general hospital. We collected clinical data, including diagnoses, medications, and mortality rate. We compared clinical characteristics among the diagnosis groups and correlations between variables.

Results

A total of 138 (86.3%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for at least one mental disorder, with the most common being delirium (54.4%). The average Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score significantly differed among the diagnosis groups (p = 0.003). The mortality rate among patients with delirium was significantly higher than that in the other patient groups (x2 = 12.967, p = 0.024). SLEDAI-2K score was not significantly correlated with mortality (r = 0.123, p = 0.087). Antipsychotics use was associated with mortality (odds ratio 0.053, p = 0.021).

Conclusion

Antipsychotic use may decrease death risk for patients with NPSLE. Early psychiatric consultation is necessary for patients with SLE who have developed or have suspected psychiatric symptoms in order to establish a comprehensive intervention plan.
Pilot implementation of community health advocacy teams to improve the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide net distribution through both campaigns and continuous channels in Ghana: a qualitative study of opportunities and barriers to implementation
Authors: Dako-Gyeke Phyllis , Hornuvo Ruby , Glozah Franklin N. , Asampong Emmanuel , Tabong Philip Teg-Nefaah , Nwameme Adanna , Chandi Gloria. M. , Peprah Nana Yaw , Gittelman David , Adongo Philip B.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

In Ghana, the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) distributes long-lasting insecticide net (LLIN) to households for free through the periodic point mass distribution (PMD) campaign and continuous distribution to populations most vulnerable to malaria. It is known that the existence of effective and functional community-based groups could influence positive behaviours regarding health interventions promoted through health campaigns. However, there is no evidence of functional community-based groups that aim to improve the effectiveness of LLIN distribution campaigns by transitioning into primary healthcare delivery. This study aimed to explore the opportunities and barriers to the pilot implementation of co-created community health advocacy teams (CHATs) to improve the effectiveness of LLIN distribution through both campaigns and continuous channels in Ghana.

Methods

A qualitative research approach was used among 43 CHAT members across six communities in the Eastern and Volta regions of Ghana. The CHAT constitutes significant community actors whose roles are centred on key elements of community/social mobilisation and capacity building, all nested in social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) strategies. The CHATs were pilot implemented in all study communities for 4 months after which we identified opportunities and barriers during implementation. CHAT members participated in six focus group discussions which were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically using the NVivo 13.

Results

CHATs were instrumental in sensitising community members through SBCC strategies. Moreover, there were changes in the behaviour of community members who were receptive towards and participated in CHAT activities. Community members were accurately informed about malaria (e.g., causes and preventive measures). However, the CHAT experienced barriers during implementation, including a lack of financial support to aid in transportation, organisation of meetings, and outreach activities. Additionally, the level of participation by CHAT members in activities and the medium of communication among members were key areas of concern.

Conclusion

The CHATs would be instrumental in promoting LLINs' use during and after PMD campaigns through community outreaches. It is therefore necessary to provide resources to support their operations and a good network to address communication barriers. Finally, continuous capacity strengthening of CHAT members by the NMCP is important.
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review
Authors: Harris Matthew , Hart John , Bhattacharya Oashe , Russell Fiona M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection risk factors allows targeted public health and social measures (PHSM). As new, more transmissible variants of concern (VoC) emerge, vaccination rates increase and PHSM are eased, it is important to understand any potential change to infection risk factors. The aim of this systematic literature review is to describe the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection by VoC.

Methods

A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, PubMed and Embase databases on 5 May 2022. Eligibility included: observational studies published in English after 1 January 2020; any age group; the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection; and any potential risk factors investigated in the study. Results were synthesized into a narrative summary with respect to measures of association, by VoC. ROBINS-E tool was utilized for risk of bias assessment.

Results

Of 6,197 studies retrieved, 43 studies were included after screening. Common risk factors included older age, minority ethnic group, low socioeconomic status, male gender, increased household size, occupation/lower income level, inability to work from home, public transport use, and lower education level. Most studies were undertaken when the ancestral strain was predominant. Many studies had some selection bias due to testing criteria and limited laboratory capacity.

Conclusion

Understanding who is at risk enables the development of strategies that target priority groups at each of the different stages of a pandemic and helps inform vaccination strategies and other interventions which may also inform public health responses to future respiratory infection outbreaks. While it was not possible to determine changes to infection risk by recent VoC in this review, the risk factors identified will add to the overall understanding of the groups who are at greatest risk of infection in the early stages of a respiratory virus outbreak.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022330706, PROSPERO [CRD42022330706].
Predictors of student mask mandate policies in United States school districts during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Klein Lauren M. , Johnson Sara B. , Anderson Annette C. , Beharry Kelly , Faden Ruth , Guo Xinxing , Kallem Medha , Nicklin Andrew , Regenberg Alan , Tariq Azka , Collins Megan E.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Although factors such as urbanicity, population demographics, and political affiliation have been linked with COVID-19 masking behavior and policy in community settings, little work has investigated factors associated with school mask policies. We sought to characterize United States state and school district student COVID-19 masking policies during the 2021–22 school year and determine predictors of these mandates at four time points, including before and after federal guidance relaxed school mask recommendations in February 2022.

Methods

Student mask policies for US states and the District of Columbia, as well as a sample of 56 districts were categorized as prohibited, recommended, or required in September 2021, November 2021, January 2022, and March 2022 based on the Johns Hopkins eSchool+ Initiative School Reopening Tracker. Changes in policies over time were characterized. Generalized estimating equations and logistic regression were used to evaluate whether political affiliation of governor, urbanicity, economic disadvantage, and race/ethnic composition of district students, and county-level COVID-19 incidence predicted the presence of a district mask mandate at any time point and at all four time points.

Results

State and district policies changed over time. Districts that implemented student mandates at any point were more likely to be in states with Democratic governors (AOR: 5.52; 95% CI: 2.23, 13.64) or in non-rural areas (AOR: 8.20; 95% CI: 2.63, 25.51). Districts that retained mask mandates at all four time points were more likely to have Democratic governors (AOR: 5.39; 95% CI: 2.69, 10.82) and serve a smaller proportion of economically disadvantaged students (AOR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.99). Districts serving a larger proportion of students from minoritized racial/ethnic groups were more likely to have mask mandates at any or all timepoints. Notably, county-level COVID-19 prevalence was not related to the presence of a mask mandate at any or all time points. By March 2022, no factors were significantly associated with district mask policy.

Discussion

Political, geographic, and demographic characteristics predicted the likelihood of student mask mandates in the 2021–22 school year. Public health promotion messages and policy must account for variation in these factors, potentially through centralized and consistent messaging and unbiased, trustworthy communication.
Driving the life course approach to vaccination through the lens of key global agendas
Authors: Stancu Andra , Khan Anusheh , Barratt Jane
Published: July 2023

Globally, our population is ageing at an unprecedented rate and by 2030, which marks the end of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Healthy Ageing, the number of people aged 60 years and older will be 34% higher than today, reaching 1.4 billion. Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions of modern times and a key action in fostering healthy ageing throughout the life-course. To promote wellbeing at all ages, global agendas including the WHO Immunization Agenda 2030, the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing and the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Report on Ageism outline strategic actions and guidance to help implement policies and programs. Yet, the linkages between healthy ageing, functional ability and adult vaccination are not substantively recognized or integrated as cross-cutting themes, which impacts operationalization into national immunization plans. When aligned and connected strategically, these agendas have potential to substantially contribute to policy change to prioritize life-course immunization and support the preservation of function at all stages of life. This article describes the intersecting goals and visions of these strategic agendas and identifies specific elements of overlap, which when connected, could strengthen the development of comprehensive and effective national immunization policies.
Is There Such Thing As A “Spidey-Sense”?
Authors: Brassard Sarah L. , Turner Olivia , Punia Kiran , Balodis Iris M.
Published: July 2023

“Johnny, were you playing ball in the house?” your mom asks as you and she stare at the broken vase on the floor. Have you ever noticed your heart starting to pound just before telling a lie? It turns out that the body, not only the brain, can bring up emotions to influence our decisions. A racing heartbeat and sweaty palms, just before you do something risky, could be your body warning you about your upcoming actions. Scientists have discovered that our thoughts and emotions interact with our bodies to influence the decisions we make—often without our awareness. This phenomenon is called the somatic marker hypothesis. In this article, using the famous story of Phineas Gage, we explain how various brain areas work together with the body to generate a real-life “spidey-sense”!
Antibodies From Hen Eggs for Human Healthcare
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Isah Murtala Bindawa
Published: July 2023

The blood of almost all animals contains proteins known as antibodies. The types of antibodies differ from one animal to another, but the main purpose of all antibodies is to prevent animals from getting sick. Antibodies help animals to protect themselves against bacteria, viruses, and other dangerous invaders. Scientists have found a way to obtain antibodies from some animals and use them to improve human health. Antibodies from hens are especially promising because large quantities of hen antibodies, known as IgY, can be obtained from their eggs—a process that does not hurt the birds at all. IgY is a very stable antibody that has been used to treat human diseases like dental cavities and stomach ulcers. Soon, we may even have an IgY that can treat or prevent COVID-19 and other viral pandemics. Therefore, IgY is a very valuable resource that will continue to improve human healthcare.
Epidemiological and genetic analysis of Cetacean Morbillivirus circulating on the Italian coast between 2018 and 2021
Authors: Vargas-Castro Ignacio , Peletto Simone , Mattioda Virginia , Goria Maria , Serracca Laura , Varello Katia , Sánchez-Vizcaíno José Manuel , Puleio Roberto , Nocera Fabio Di , Lucifora Giuseppe , Acutis Pierluigi , Casalone Cristina , Grattarola Carla , Giorda Federica
Published: July 2023

Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) has caused several outbreaks, unusual mortality events, and interepidemic single-lethal disease episodes in the Mediterranean Sea. Since 2012, a new strain with a northeast (NE) Atlantic origin has been circulating among Mediterranean cetaceans, causing numerous deaths. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CeMV in cetaceans stranded in Italy between 2018 and 2021 and characterize the strain of CeMV circulating. Out of the 354 stranded cetaceans along the Italian coastlines, 113 were CeMV-positive. This prevalence (31.9%) is one of the highest reported without an associated outbreak. All marine sectors along the Italian coastlines, except for the northern Adriatic coast, reported a positive molecular diagnosis of CeMV. In one-third of the CeMV-positive cetaceans submitted to a histological evaluation, a chronic form of the infection (detectable viral antigen, the absence of associated lesions, and concomitant coinfections) was suspected. Tissues from 24 animals were used to characterize the strain, obtaining 57 sequences from phosphoprotein, nucleocapsid, and fusion protein genes, which were submitted to GenBank. Our sequences showed the highest identity with NE-Atlantic strain sequences, and in the phylogenetic study, they clustered together with them. Regarding age and species, most of these individuals were adults (17/24, 70.83%) and striped dolphins (19/24, 79.16%). This study improves our understanding on the NE-Atlantic CeMV strain in the Italian waters, supporting the hypothesis of an endemic circulation of the virus in this area; however, additional studies are necessary to deeply comprehend the epidemiology of this strain in the Mediterranean Sea.
Taking a “Care Pathway/Whole Systems” Approach to Equality Diversity Inclusion (EDI) in Organ Donation and Transplantation in Relation to the Needs of “Ethnic/Racial/Migrant” Minority Communities: A Statement and a Call for Action
Authors: Grossi Alessandra Agnese , Randhawa Gurch , Jansen Nichon Esther , Paredes-Zapata David
Published: July 2023

International evidence shows variation in organ donation and transplantation (ODT) based upon a range of patient characteristics. What is less well understood is the impact of patient “ethnicity/race/immigration background,” as these terms are defined and intended differently across countries. We also know that these characteristics do not operate in isolation but intersect with a range of factors. In this paper, we propose a framework that seeks to clarify the definition of the key terms “ethnicity/race/migrant” and to review how these communities are operationalized across European studies about inequities in ODT. Further, patients and the public wish to see Equality Diversity Inclusion (EDI) approaches in their everyday lives, not just in relation to ODT. We propose a ‘care pathway/whole-systems’ approach to ODT encompassing culturally competent public health interventions for a) the prevention and management of chronic diseases, b) improvements in public engagement for the promotion of the culture of ODT and enhancements in end-of-life care, through to c) enhanced likelihood of successful transplant among migrant/ethnic minority communities. Our framework recognizes that if we truly wish to take an EDI approach to ODT, we need to adopt a more social, human and holistic approach to examining questions around patient ethnicity.
Triangular Position Multi-Bolt Layout Structure Optimization
Authors: Lu Xiaohan , Zhu Min , Liu Yilong , Wang Shengao , Xu Zijian , Li Shengnan
Published: July 2023

Stress concentration often occurs around bolt holes in load-bearing joint structures of large complex equipment, ships, aerospace and other complex machinery fields, which is an important mechanical factor leading to the failure of joint structures. It is of great engineering significance to study the phenomenon of stress concentration on connected structures for the safety of large and complex equipment; meanwhile, the layout of bolts seriously affects the stress around holes. Many scholars have studied the layout optimization of multi-bolted structures through experiments and simulations, but few algorithms have been applied to the layout optimization of bolted structures. And most of the studied types of multi-bolt structures are symmetrical. Therefore, in this paper, the gray wolf algorithm is used to optimize the layout of nickel steel plate connectors with a bolt layout in triangular position, and the optimal objective function is found based on the hole circumferential stress of the nickel steel plate, maximum shear stress of the bolt and bending stress of the nickel steel plate. Comparing the optimal values obtained by the fruit fly optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, gray wolf optimization algorithm, multiverse optimization algorithm and wind driven optimization algorithm, the accuracy of selecting the gray wolf algorithm for optimization is verified. A multi-bolt connection structure model was established in ABAQUS, and the surface stress before and after optimization was compared to verify the correctness of the gray wolf algorithm applied to the structure layout optimization of the nickel steel flat bolt connection. The results show that under the force of 15 KN, compared with the original bolt structure layout, the optimized upper side nickel steel plate bore peripheral stress is reduced by 73.1 MPa, and the optimization rate is 24%; bolt stress is reduced by 47.7 MPa, and the optimization rate is 12.5%; when the load is less than 18 KN, the optimization effect of both the upper nickel steel plate and bolt group is more than 10%. When the load is greater than 18 KN, the optimization effect is reduced, and when the load is greater than 21 KN, the nickel steel plate has exceeded the yield limit. Due to the existence of fixed constraints, the optimization of the lower nickel steel plate is not obvious. The results of this study can provide data and theoretical support for the layout optimization of the nickel steel flat bolt connection structure, and help to improve reliability analysis and health monitoring in complex assembly fields such as large complex equipment and aerospace.
Genome-Wide Analysis of TCP Transcription Factors and Their Expression Pattern Analysis of Rose Plants (Rosa chinensis)
Authors: Zou Qingcheng , Dong Qing , Tian Danqing , Mao Lihui , Cao Xuerui , Zhu Kaiyuan
Published: July 2023

The plant-specific transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED, CYCLOIDEA, AND PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) gene family plays vital roles in various biological processes, including growth and development, hormone signaling, and stress responses. However, there is a limited amount of information regarding the TCP gene family in roses (Rosa sp.). In this study, we identified 18 TCP genes in the rose genome, which were further classified into two subgroups (Group A and Group B) via phylogenetic analysis. Comprehensive characterization of these TCP genes was performed, including gene structure, motif composition, chromosomal location, and expression profiles. Synteny analysis revealed that a few TCP genes are involved in segmental duplication events, indicating that these genes played an important role in the expansion of the TCP gene family in roses. This suggests that segmental duplication events have caused the evolution of the TCP gene family and may have generated new functions. Our study provides an insight into the evolutionary and functional characteristics of the TCP gene family in roses and lays a foundation for the future exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of TCP genes in plant growth and development.
Workforce Implications of Increased Referrals to Hereditary Cancer Services in Canada: A Scenario-Based Analysis
Authors: Dragojlovic Nick , Borle Kennedy , Kopac Nicola , Nisselle Amy , Nuk Jennifer , Jevon Mandy , Friedman Jan M. , Elliott Alison M. , Lynd Larry D.
Published: July 2023

Over the last decade, utilization of clinical genetics services has grown rapidly, putting increasing pressure on the workforce available to deliver genetic healthcare. To highlight the policy challenges facing Canadian health systems, a needs-based workforce requirements model was developed to determine the number of Canadian patients in 2030 for whom an assessment of hereditary cancer risk would be indicated according to current standards and the numbers of genetic counsellors, clinical geneticists and other physicians with expertise in genetics needed to provide care under a diverse set of scenarios. Our model projects that by 2030, a total of 90 specialist physicians and 326 genetic counsellors (1.7-fold and 1.6-fold increases from 2020, respectively) will be required to provide Canadians with indicated hereditary cancer services if current growth trends and care models remain unchanged. However, if the expansion in eligibility for hereditary cancer assessment accelerates, the need for healthcare providers with expertise in genetics would increase dramatically unless alternative care models are widely adopted. Increasing capacity through service delivery innovation, as well as mainstreaming of cancer genetics care, will be critical to Canadian health systems’ ability to meet this challenge.
Exploiting Dynamic Vector-Level Operations and a 2D-Enhanced Logistic Modular Map for Efficient Chaotic Image Encryption
Authors: Li Hongmin , Yu Shuqi , Feng Wei , Chen Yao , Zhang Jing , Qin Zhentao , Zhu Zhengguo , Wozniak Marcin
Published: July 2023

Over the past few years, chaotic image encryption has gained extensive attention. Nevertheless, the current studies on chaotic image encryption still possess certain constraints. To break these constraints, we initially created a two-dimensional enhanced logistic modular map (2D-ELMM) and subsequently devised a chaotic image encryption scheme based on vector-level operations and 2D-ELMM (CIES-DVEM). In contrast to some recent schemes, CIES-DVEM features remarkable advantages in several aspects. Firstly, 2D-ELMM is not only simpler in structure, but its chaotic performance is also significantly better than that of some newly reported chaotic maps. Secondly, the key stream generation process of CIES-DVEM is more practical, and there is no need to replace the secret key or recreate the chaotic sequence when handling different images. Thirdly, the encryption process of CIES-DVEM is dynamic and closely related to plaintext images, enabling it to withstand various attacks more effectively. Finally, CIES-DVEM incorporates lots of vector-level operations, resulting in a highly efficient encryption process. Numerous experiments and analyses indicate that CIES-DVEM not only boasts highly significant advantages in terms of encryption efficiency, but it also surpasses many recent encryption schemes in practicality and security.
Isokinetic and Compensation Temperature in the Analysis of Thermal Dissociation of the Solid Phase under Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Mianowski Andrzej , Radko Tomasz , Bigda Rafał
Published: July 2023

Sets of Arrhenius parameters, determined according to known different equations for dynamic conditions, in the vast majority form the Kinetic Compensation Effect (KCE). Converting these data to the simplified components of the Eyring equation comes down to Enthalpy–Entropy Compensation (EEC), which is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. It has been proved that the impact of the generally known Coats−Redfern solution on the equation in differential form results in an isokinetic form of the equations and a very important coordinate T0;α0 (initial temperature and conversion degree), depending on the heating rate. This makes it possible to determine the parameters of Arrhenius’ law for both in silico and experimental data. An analytical method for determining this coordinate has been proposed. These considerations have given rise to an analysis of the relationship between two temperatures: initial and isokinetic. The sense of isokinetic temperature has been verified by the parameters CQF and K. Going further, it was found that the effects of EEC can be transformed into KCE and vice versa, which means that the two temperatures should be identical, i.e., Tiso=Tc. However, the experimental data indicate that the analyzed temperatures form a sequence T0↔Tiso↔Tc≤Teq, where Teq is the equilibrium temperature.
Research on Deformation of Hydraulic Cylinders Made of Plastics
Authors: Stryczek Piotr
Published: July 2023

The article presents an author’s approach to the study of the behavior of plastic hydraulic cylinder structures under load. Plastics as design materials, due to their different properties, behave differently from metals. So far, there is little information about hydraulic cylinders made of plastics. They are a technical novelty, and there are no established standards or research methods for them. The tests were carried out on the example of two models of different internal diameter, the smaller one being Ø30 mm and the larger one Ø50 mm. Information was gathered by FEM simulation tests and tests of real models on a special test stand. The simulation section presents geometric models, discrete models and assumed boundary conditions, as well as the results of the performed simulations. For tests of real models, a description of the stand with the measuring equipment used is presented, e.g., laser displacement sensors, as well as the method of conducting the tests and the results. Then, the results are analyzed and compared. Deformations of the examined structures are discussed, e.g., tube swelling or deflection, which seem to be characteristic for plastic cylinders. Finally, the possibility of using selected plastics for the design material of hydraulic cylinders and the suitability of the research method used are assessed.
A Review on Analysis Methods and Research Status of Hysteresis Motor
Authors: Gao Bo , Cheng Yuan , Zhao Tianxu , Sun Haodong , Cui Shumei
Published: July 2023

A hysteresis motor produces output torque through the hysteresis effect of magnetic materials. It has the advantages of a simple structure, high-speed operation, high temperature resistance, low noise and self-starting capability. It can be applied to some special occasions requiring high speed and high stationarity. However, its disadvantage is low torque density, low efficiency and low power factor. The permanent magnet hysteresis motor is a compromise of the characteristics of permanent magnet motor and hysteresis motor, and it can be self-starting in the case of having a torque density comparable to that of a permanent magnet motor. In addition, there are some new structures of hysteresis motors, which open up the direction for innovative applications. Due to the complexity of magnetic properties, the calculation methods and dynamic models of hysteresis motors and permanent magnet hysteresis motors are special and also depend on the research of hysteresis materials and hysteresis models. This paper starts from the principle and classification of the hysteresis motor, and different structures and the corresponding analysis methods are reviewed. The motors with new structures and new methods are emphasized, the innovation and contribution of existing research are summarized, and the development trend of hysteresis motors is described.
Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives Based on Voltage Residual Analysis
Authors: Wang Bo , Feng Xiaobao , Wang Rongxin
Published: July 2023

With the widespread application of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, the demand for safety and reliability has increased. Inverter open-circuit fault is a frequent and severe failure that requires reliable detection and remedial measures. This paper proposes an open-circuit fault diagnosis technique based on voltage residual analysis that does not require additional voltage sensors. The proposed technique analyzes the characteristics of the reference voltage and the actual output voltage under both healthy and fault conditions. To achieve fast and reliable fault detection, it uses the DC component and second harmonic component in the residual voltage between estimated voltage and controller reference voltage. Once an open-circuit fault is detected, the polarity of the DC component is capable of identifying the fault location. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed technique are verified through simulations and testing on a triple redundant PMSM under various load and speed conditions.