bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of lncRNA LINC00520 and functional polymorphisms associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han population
Authors: Guo Qiaoyun , Xu Linping , Peng Rui , Ma Yan , Wang Yanli , Chong Feifei , Song Mengmeng , Dai Liping , Song Chunhua
Published: January 2020

Background

The aim was to evaluate the association between the LINC00520 genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer (BC) susceptibility.

Methods

Nine single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on LINC00520 genotyping were performed in 504 BC patients and 505 cancer‐free controls in Chinese Han population to study the relationship between LINC00520 polymorphism and BC susceptibility. qRT‐PCR and luciferase tests were used to explore how rs12880540 affected the expression of LINC00520.

Results

The genotype GG (OR:3.58, 95%CI:1.32‐9.69) in rs8012083 increased the risk of triple‐negative BC. The genotype GG (OR:0.31, 95%CI:0.14‐0.69) in rs8012083, the genotype AA (OR:2.74, 95%CI:1.01‐7.42) in rs2152275, and genotype TG (OR:1.62, 95%CI:1.04‐2.52) in rs12880540 were associated with HER‐2 status. The dominant (OR:0.65, 95%CI:0.45‐0.95) and overdominant genetic model (OR:0.67, 95%CI:0.46‐0.98) consistently showed that rs11622641 T was significantly associated with lower risk of BC. Similarly, the recessive genetic model (OR:1.57, 95%CI:1.07‐2.30) of rs12880540 and the dominant (OR:1.62, 95%CI:1.24‐2.11) and overdominant (OR:1.56, 95%CI:1.19‐2.03) genetic model of rs2152278 may increase the risk of BC. The relative expression of LINC00520 increased linearly with the increase in the number of rs12880540 mutations. rs12880540 alleles were due to the interaction between LINC00520 and miR‐3122 at T, but the mutation of rs12880540 G > T had no effect on the binding ability of LINC00520 and miR‐3122.

Conclusion

A genetic variant of rs8012083 in LINC00520 may be used as a biomarker for triple‐negative BC after further evaluation of diagnostic tests. The genetic variant of LINC00520 was related to the susceptibility of BC, and rs12880540 might affect the corresponding mRNA expression of lncRNA LINC00520.
Long‐term outcome after deferred revascularization due to negative fractional flow reserve in intermediate coronary lesions
Authors: Weerts Jerremy , Pustjens Tobias , Amin Elsa , Ilhan Mustafa , Veenstra Leo F. , Theunissen Ralph A. L. J. , Vainer Jindrich , Stein Mera , Ruiters Lex A. W. , Gho Ben C. G. , Van't Hof Arnoud W. J. , Rasoul Saman
Published: January 2020

Objectives

The aim was to assess long‐term outcome after deferring intervention of coronary lesions with a fractional flow reserve (FFR) value of >0.80 in a real‐world patient population and then to identify factors associated with deferred target lesion failure (DTLF).

Background

Deferring coronary interventions of intermediate lesions based on FFR measurement is safe, irrespective of the extent of coronary artery disease. However, FFR values near the cut‐off of >0.80 may have less favorable outcome.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed in patients with deferred coronary intervention based on FFR value >0.80. The primary endpoint was DTLF, a composite of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and any coronary revascularization, related to the initially deferred stenosis.

Results

A total of 600 patients, mean age of 66 ± 10 years, and 751 coronary lesions with negative FFR values (mean 0.88 ± 0.04) were included. The mean follow‐up was 27 ± 15 months. DTLF occurred in 44 patients (7.3%), revascularization in 42 (7%), and ACS without revascularization in 2 patients (0.3%). Patients with DTLF more often had diabetes mellitus, previous coronary artery bypass grafting, multivessel disease (MVD), and lower FFR at inclusion. Multivariable regression analysis showed that lower deferred FFR values [FFR 0.81–0.85: hazard ratio (HR) 2.79 (95% CI [confidence interval]; 1.46–5.32), p .002], MVD [HR 1.98 (95% CI; 1.05–3.75), p .036], distal lesions [HR 2.43 (95% CI; 1.29–4.57), p .006], and lesions located in a saphenous vein graft (SVG) [HR 6.35 (95% CI; 1.81–22.28), p .004] were independent predictors for DTLF.

Conclusions

The long‐term rate of DTLF of initially deferred coronary lesions was 7.3%. Independent predictors for DTLF are lower deferred FFR value, the presence of MVD, distal lesions, and lesions in SVG.
Should kyphoplasty curettes be used in nonosteoporotic patients? A cautionary tale
Authors: Mattei Tobias A. , Perret Caio M.
Published: January 2020

The authors present the first report of a fracture of the tip of a kyphoplasty curette inside the vertebral body, which occurred during a procedure in a patient with non‐osteoporotic fracture. This highlights the need of further biomechanical research focused on the shear load failure properties of such type of pre‐bent curettes
Reel syndrome—An uncommon etiology of ICD dysfunction
Authors: Bazoukis George , Kollias George , Tse Gary , Saplaouras Athanasios , Mililis Panagiotis , Sakellaropoulou Antigoni , Kolokathis Angelos‐Michail , Asvestas Dimitrios , Efremidis Michael , Sideris Antonios , Letsas Konstantinos P.
Published: January 2020

Reel syndrome occurs due to the rotation of the implantable device on its transverse axis with subsequent coiling of the leads around the pulse generator. Device interrogation and chest X‐ray should be performed in any case of device malfunction.
Metal‐Terpyridine Complexes in Catalytic Application – A Spotlight on the Last Decade
Authors: Winter Andreas , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: January 2020

2,2′:6′,2′′‐Terpyridine (tpy) and its derivatives represent highly versatile ligands for the complexation of transition metal ions. Today, such complexes are employed in a highly diverse fashion – includinginter aliamaterials science, opto‐electronics, pharmacy or catalysis. Concerning the latter one, a vast development has led to new or improved applications in both “conventional” organic chemistry (i. e., catalysis of functional‐group interconversions, CH‐activation or cross‐coupling reactions) as well as energy‐related applications (e. g., CO2reduction, artificial photosynthesis, dye degradation). In this respect, not only homogeneous catalysts (i. e., molecular complexes) but also heterogeneous and recyclable ones have moved to the focus of interest. These heterogeneous structures include 1D metallopolymers, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), organic‐inorganic hybrids and bio‐inspired catalysts. We gave a first overview on this topic already in 2011; in here, the methods and implementations established within the last decade as well as relevant contributions from earlier works are presented and discussed.
Modeling of Ethylene Glycol Production from Glucose in a Semi‐Continuous Reactor
Authors: Murillo Carlos , Irakoze Ghislain , de Oliveira Vigier Karine , Delmas Michel , Jérôme François , Pérès Yolande , Urrutigoity Martine , Cognet Patrick
Published: January 2020

A numerical study describes the catalytic conversion of glucose into ethylene glycol (EG) in a semi‐batch reactor. This analysis couples a set of power law models (homogeneous reactions) and Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Hougen‐Watson (LHHW) equations (hydrogenations). For this purpose, the kinetic parameters of the LHHW expressions are estimated for the reaction conditions. Then, the kinetic model evaluates the influence of the H2 pressure and the catalyst concentrations on the selectivity. The results indicate that the EG yield is increased by setting the temperature and the H2 pressure. In this manner, the process reduces the hexitols and methane production and increases the EG yield. The originality of the work is based on the influence of the H2 pressure and the catalyst concentrations in the model.
Sulfuryl Fluoride Mediated Synthesis of Amides and Amidines from Ketoximes via Beckmann Rearrangement
Authors: Gurjar Jitendra , Fokin Valery V.
Published: January 2020

A metal‐free and redox‐neutral method for Beckmann rearrangement employing inexpensive and readily available SO2F2 gas is described. The reported transformation proceeds at ambient temperature and is compatible with a wide range of sterically and electronically diverse aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic and lignin‐like oximes providing amides in good to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds through the formation of an imidoyl fluoride intermediate that can also be used for the synthesis of amidines.
Parallel Versus Antiparallel β‐Sheet Structure in Cyclic Peptide Hybrids Containing γ‐ or δ‐Cyclic Amino Acids
Authors: Calvelo Martín , Lamas Alejandro , Guerra Arcadio , Amorín Manuel , Garcia‐Fandino Rebeca , Granja Juan R.
Published: January 2020

Cyclic peptides with disc‐shaped structures have emerged as potent building blocks for the preparation of new biomaterials in fields ranging from biological to material science. In this work, we analyze in depth the self‐assembling properties of a new type of cyclic peptides based on the alternation of α‐residues and cyclic δ‐amino acids (α,δ‐CPs). To examine the preferred stacking properties adopted by cyclic peptides bearing this type of amino acids, we carried out a synergistic in vitro/in silico approximation by using simple dimeric models and then extended to nanotubes. Although these new cyclic peptides (α,δ‐CPs) can interact either in a parallel or antiparallel fashion, our results confirm that although the parallel β‐sheet is more stable, it can be switched to the antiparallel stacking by choosing residues that can establish favorable cross‐strand interactions. Moreover, the subsequent comparison by using the same methodology but applied to α,γ‐CPs models, up to the moment assumed as antiparallel‐like d,l‐α‐CPs, led to unforeseen conclusions that put into question preliminary conjectures about these systems. Surprisingly, they tend to adopt a parallel β‐sheet directed by the skeleton interactions. These results imply a change of paradigm with respect to cyclic peptide designs that should be considered for dimers and nanotubes.
BODIPYs as Chemically Stable Fluorescent Tags for Synthetic Glycosylation Strategies towards Fluorescently Labeled Saccharides
Authors: Uriel Clara , Permingeat Caterina , Ventura Juan , Avellanal‐Zaballa Edurne , Bañuelos Jorge , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Gómez Ana M. , Lopez J. Cristobal
Published: January 2020

A series of fluorescent boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY, 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene) dyes have been designed to participate, as aglycons, in synthetic oligosaccharide protocols. As such, they served a dual purpose: first, by being incorporated at the beginning of the process (at the reducing‐end of the growing saccharide moiety), they can function as fluorescent glycosyl tags, facilitating the detection and purification of the desired glycosidic intermediates, and secondly, the presence of these chromophores on the ensuing compounds grants access to fluorescently labeled saccharides. In this context, a sought‐after feature of the fluorescent dyes has been their chemical robustness. Accordingly, some BODIPY derivatives described in this work can withstand the reaction conditions commonly employed in the chemical synthesis of saccharides; namely, glycosylation and protecting‐group manipulations. Regarding their photophysical properties, the BODIPY‐labeled saccharides obtained in this work display remarkable fluorescence efficiency in water, reaching quantum yield values up to 82 %, as well as notable lasing efficiencies and photostabilities.
Two Push–Pull Channels Enhance the Dinitrogen Activation by Borylene Compounds
Authors: Zhang Huaiyu , Yuan Rui , Wu Wei , Mo Yirong
Published: January 2020

Borylenes can bind and activate N2. In the end‐on bridging borylene–N2 complexes, the π orbitals of N2 dominate the σ donation to one of the borylenes whereas the perpendicular π* anti‐bonding orbitals of N2 can accept back‐donations from another borylene. Thus, there are two opposite and perpendicular push–pull channels which govern the activation of N2 and the BNNB bent geometry. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Y. Mo, et al. on page 2619. Invited for the cover of this issue is Huaiyu Zhang and co‐workers. The image depicts the push–pull channels in dinitrogen activation by two borylenes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201904724.
Untapped Opportunities of Resin‐to‐Resin Transfer Reactions (RRTR) for the Convergent Assembly of Multivalent Peptide Conjugates
Authors: Verzele Dieter , Ruiz García Yara , Madder Annemieke
Published: January 2020

Handling of the individual fragments remains a bottleneck in the convergent assembly of peptides. Overlooked since the emergence of ligation chemistries during the past two decades, so‐called resin‐to‐resin transfer reactions (RRTR) are here described as a strategic shortcut in this context. Condensation of the involved moieties at an acceptor resin is facilitated by shuttling peptide segments directly from a donor resin in a one‐pot fashion. The straightforward synthesis of a sterically constrained 13‐mer peptidosteroid model illustrates the utility of this approach, presenting the first successful application of the RRTR methodology in the field of multivalent design and bioconjugation. Relying on established procedures to generate, monitor and isolate intermediates and products, the solid‐phase nature of the entire strategy allows for the fast construction of polypeptide adducts and libraries thereof. As such, a rejuvenated use and new opportunities for RRTR are reported.
Funktionalisierte Kern‐Schale‐Partikel als Träger zur Enzymimmobilisierung und deren Anwendung
Authors: Matura Anke , Köpke Dorina , Marschelke Claudia , Kramer Julius , Synytska Alla , Sallat Marco
Published: January 2020

Mono‐ und bifunktionale hybride Kern‐Schale‐Partikel wurden für die Enzymimmobilisierung eingesetzt. An monofunktionalen Poly(2‐dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylat‐modifizierten Partikeln wurden die idealen Bedingungen für die Immobilisierung untersucht. Anschließend erfolgte die Übertragung auf bifunktionale Janus‐Partikel‐Systeme, mit denen gleichzeitig die schaltbare Abtrennung und der erneute Einsatz der Enzyme möglich waren. Abschließend wurde der mehrfache Einsatz der enzymbeladenen Partikel modellhaft am Beispiel der Prozesswasserentfärbung aus der Textilindustrie mit Laccase gezeigt und eine Kostenrechnung durchgeführt.
Overcoming acquired resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutant non–small cell lung cancer cells to osimertinib by combining osimertinib with the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589)
Authors: Zang Hongjing , Qian Guoqing , Zong Dan , Fan Songqing , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Sun Shi‐Yong
Published: January 2020

Background

The major clinical obstacle that limits the long‐term benefits of treatment with osimertinib (AZD9291) in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutant non–small cell lung cancer is the development of acquired resistance. Therefore, effective strategies that can overcome acquired resistance to osimertinib are urgently needed. The authors' current efforts in this direction have identified LBH589 (panobinostat), a clinically used histone deacetylase inhibitor, as a potential agent in overcoming osimertinib resistance.

Methods

Cell growth and apoptosis in vitro were evaluated by measuring cell numbers and colony formation and by detecting annexin V‐positive cells and protein cleavage, respectively. Drug effects on tumor growth in vivo were assessed with xenografts in nude mice. Alterations of tested proteins in cells were monitored with Western blot analysis. Gene knockout was achieved using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique.

Results

The combination of LBH589 and osimertinib synergistically decreased the survival of different osimertinib‐resistant cell lines, including those harboring C797S mutations, with greater inhibition of cell colony formation and growth. The combination enhanced the induction of apoptosis in osimertinib‐resistant cells. Importantly, the combination effectively inhibited the growth of osimertinib‐resistant xenograft tumors in nude mice. Mechanistically, the combination of LBH589 and osimertinib enhanced the elevation of Bim in osimertinib‐resistant cells. Knockout of Bim in osimertinib‐resistant cells substantially attenuated or abolished apoptosis enhanced by the LBH589 and osimertinib combination. These results collectively support a critical role of Bim elevation in the induction of apoptosis of osimertinib‐resistant cells for this combination.

Conclusions

The current findings provide strong preclinical evidence in support of the potential for LBH589 to overcome osimertinib resistance in the clinic.
Sunflower evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in response to plant density
Authors: Echarte L. , Echarte M.M. , Cerrudo D. , Gonzalez V.H. , Alfonso C. , Cambareri M. , Hernandez M.D. , Nagore M.L. , Maggiora A. Della
Published: January 2020

This study quantified sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) water use efficiency for seed (WUEg) and for oil yield (WUEo) and their components (i.e., evapotranspiration [ET], seed and oil yields) in response to plant density increments and studied, in particular, the underlying processes relevant to the responses of crop ET to plant density (i.e. water uptake pattern, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation [iPAR], and soil water depletion profile). Sunflower was grown at 3, 6, and 9 plants m−2 in Season 1 and at 2, 3 and 6 plants m−2 in Season 2. Measurements included (i) soil water content and iPAR during the whole growing season, and (ii) seed and oil yield at physiological maturity. Crop ET was estimated by means of a water balance, and it was analyzed during three different periods (i.e. vegetative, critical period for seed set, and seed filling period). Increasing sunflower plant density from 2 to 9 plants m−2 did not modify seasonal ET, but it changed the water uptake pattern through the season; it increased ET during the vegetative period by depleting more water from deep soil layers (i.e., 41–140 cm), but it reduced ET during the seed‐filling period. Increments in plant density increased seed and oil yield in accordance with significant iPAR increments, whereas harvest index remained stable. Sunflower WUEg ranged from 4.8 to 9.4 kg ha−1 mm−1, WUEo ranged from 1.8 to 4.5 kg oil ha−1 mm−1 across plant densities, and they were positively and closely associated with seasonal iPAR.
Hydrogel–Polymer Electrolyte for Electrochemical Capacitors with High Volumetric Energy and Life Span
Authors: Gajewski Piotr , Béguin Francois
Published: January 2020

AC/AC (AC=activated carbon) electrochemical capacitors (ECs) were designed with a 1 mol L−1 lithium sulfate hydrogel– polymer electrolyte (HPE) based on carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC). The electrochemical performance of the ECs was compared with that of cells composed of common separators such as a polyolefin membrane (Celgard 3501, polypropylene separator coated by surfactant) and a glass microfiber membrane (Whatman GF/A). The ECs with Celgard 3501 and home‐made CMC‐HPE demonstrated a higher volumetric energy than that with Whatman GF/A. However, after 120 h of floating at 1.5 V, the capacitance of the EC with Celgard 3501 decreased dramatically by 25 %, whereas with CMC‐HPE and Whatman GF/A, the decrease was only 4 and 6 %, respectively. Post‐mortem observations of the Celgard 3501 separator after floating suggested that the surfactant layer was removed, which caused a decrease of separator wettability, as confirmed by the slow evolution of the electrolyte contact angle on its surface. Hence, CMC‐HPE is a very attractive option to develop aqueous‐electrolyte‐based ECs with an excellent life span and high volumetric energy density.
New generalized topologies of asymmetric modular multilevel inverter based on six‐switch H‐bridge
Authors: Ghodsi Masoud , Barakati S. Masoud
Published: January 2020

In this paper, for high and low numbers of voltage levels, two new generalized multilevel converters are introduced, which comprise a six‐switch H‐bridge and several switched‐source units. Switched‐source units consist of bidirectional and unidirectional switches along with a dc voltage source. The two proposed topologies are compared with topologies based on the six‐switch H‐bridge, conventional H‐bridge, and some new topologies regarding the number of switches, dc voltage sources, gate drivers, and per‐unit voltage block on switches. The comparison results reveal the superiority of the proposed topology with low number of voltage level (LNL) and proposed topology with high number of voltage level (HNL) regarding the per‐unit voltage block and number of elements, respectively. Thus, the proposed topologies lead to reduction cost and weight of system. Furthermore, for high number of levels, HNL topology is more appropriate than LNL topology and vice versa. The performances of the proposed 15‐level LNL and 61‐level topologies are simulated by MATLAB, and proposed 15‐level LNL topology in producing all voltage levels is validated by experimental results.
Time‐dependent plasma transport simulation for the study of edge impurity radiation dynamics with magnetic island in large helical device
Authors: Kobayashi Masahiro , Tokar Mikhail Z.
Published: January 2020

The dynamics of impurity radiation distribution during detachment transition with edge magnetic island induced by the application of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) is studied numerically by solving time‐dependent plasma fluid equations together with impurity and neutral transports in a 2D grid system. Computations provide the appearance of a macroscopic structure in the heat transfer along the island separatrix and outside the island. The resultant parallel temperature gradient generates the plasma flow and the density gradient according to the parallel momentum balance. The resulting plasma flow effectively transports impurity towards the X‐point region. As a result, the impurity radiation is more intense near the X‐point than in the vicinity of the O‐point. This leads to the predominant cooling of the region around the X‐point. These results are in agreement with experimental observation with RMP application in the large helical device (LHD). The time scale of the thermal condensation instability is found to be of the order of 10 ms.
Exploiting WiMAX for covert transmission of secret data over fading channel
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Manoj , Singh Amarpal
Published: January 2020

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is the broadband wireless access technique that provides rapid broadband services to domestic and enterprise users. Owing to the broadcast characteristic of the WiMAX system, transmitted data security is crucial, particularly when the messages are confidential. In this work, exploiting of WiMAX to convey sensitive secret information is presented. In the first phase, we exploited conventional WiMAX (fast Fourier transform [FFT]‐WiMAX), and in the second phase, we propose a wavelet packet transform (WPT)–based WiMAX for covert communication. The quality evaluation of both covert transmission models (FFT‐WiMAX and WPT‐WiMAX) over the fading channel is done in this work. The experimental outcomes of the proposed WPT‐WiMAX covert transmission system reveal a significant enhancement in error rate (bit error rate) and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio for a given signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Implementing cognitive behavioral therapy‐enhanced in a routine inpatient and outpatient setting: Comparing effectiveness and treatment costs in two consecutive cohorts
Authors: van den Berg Elske , Schlochtermeier Daniela , Koenders Jitske , de Mooij Liselotte , Goudriaan Anneke , Blankers Matthijs , Peen Jaap , Dekker Jack
Published: January 2020

Background

Even though evidence‐based interventions can enhance clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness, in the field of eating disorders, implementation of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) in routine inpatient and outpatient settings is slow.

Objective

This study examined differential (cost‐) effectiveness, after implementing evidence‐based cognitive behavioral therapy‐enhanced (CBT‐E) throughout a Dutch treatment center.

Method

Two consecutive cohorts of adult patients, BMI between 17.5 and 40, were compared, with one cohort (N = 239) receiving treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) between 2012 and 2014 and the other (N = 320) receiving CBT‐E between 2015 and 2017.

Results

Eating disorder pathology, measured with self‐reports, decreased significantly in both cohorts; overall, no differences in clinical outcomes between both cohorts were found. Treatment costs and treatment duration were considerably lower in 2015–2017. When limiting the cost analysis to direct costs, there is a 71% likelihood that CBT‐E is more cost‐effective and a 29% likelihood that CBT‐E leads to fewer remissions at lower costs, based on the distribution of the cost‐effectiveness plane. The likelihood that TAU leads to lower costs is 0%.

Discussion

Findings show that implementing an EST throughout inpatient and outpatient settings leads to lower costs with similar treatment effect and has the advantage of shorter treatment duration and a shorter inpatient stay.
Interactions between different eating patterns on recurrent binge‐eating behavior: A machine learning approach
Authors: Linardon Jake , Messer Mariel , Helms Eric R. , McLean Courtney , Incerti Lisa , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew
Published: January 2020

Objective

Previous research has shown that certain eating patterns (rigid restraint, flexible restraint, intuitive eating) are differentially related to binge eating. However, despite the distinctiveness of these eating patterns, evidence suggests that they are not mutually exclusive. Using a machine learning‐based decision tree classification analysis, we examined the interactions between different eating patterns in distinguishing recurrent (defined as ≥4 episodes the past month) from nonrecurrent binge eating.

Method

Data were analyzed from 1,341 participants. Participants were classified as either with (n = 512) or without (n = 829) recurrent binge eating.

Results

Approximately 70% of participants could be accurately classified as with or without recurrent binge eating. Intuitive eating emerged as the most important classifier of recurrent binge eating, with 75% of those with above‐average intuitive eating scores being classified without recurrent binge eating. Those with concurrently low intuitive eating and high dichotomous thinking scores were the group most likely to be classified with recurrent binge eating (84% incidence). Low intuitive eating scores were associated with low binge‐eating classification rates only if both dichotomous thinking and rigid restraint scores were low (33% incidence). Low flexible restraint scores amplified the relationship between high rigid restraint and recurrent binge eating (81% incidence), and both a higher and lower BMI further interacted with these variables to increase recurrent binge‐eating rates.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that the presence versus absence of recurrent binge eating may be distinguished by the interaction among multiple eating patterns. Confirmatory studies are needed to test the interactive hypotheses generated by these exploratory analyses.
Fatty acid‐based diet estimates suggest ringed seal remain the main prey of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears despite recent use of onshore food resources
Authors: Bourque Jennifer , Atwood Todd C. , Divoky George J. , Stewart Connie , McKinney Melissa A.
Published: January 2020

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the southern Beaufort Sea (SB) subpopulation have traditionally fed predominantly upon ice‐seals; however, as the proportion of the subpopulation using onshore habitat has recently increased, foraging on land‐based resources, including remains of subsistence‐harvested bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) and colonial nesting seabirds has been observed. Adipose tissue samples were collected from this subpopulation during the springs of 2013–2016 and analyzed for fatty acid signatures. Diet estimates were generated for the proportional consumption of ringed seal (Pusa hispida), bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), relative to onshore foods, including bowhead whale remains and seabird, as represented by black guillemot (Cepphus grylle mandtii) nestlings and eggs. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) estimated that the ice‐obligate prey, ringed seal, remained the predominant prey species of SB polar bears (46.4 ± 1.8%), with much lower consumption of bearded seal (19.6 ± 2.0%), seabird (17.0 ± 1.2%), bowhead whale (15.0 ± 1.4%), and hardly any beluga whale (2.0 ± 0.5%). Adult and subadult females appeared to depend more on the traditional ringed seal prey than adult and subadult males. Diet estimates of SB polar bears showed significant interannual variability for all prey (F12, 456 = 3.17, p < .001). Longer‐term estimates suggested that both types of onshore prey, bowhead whale remains and seabird, have represented a moderate proportion of the food resources used by SB polar bears since at least the start of the 21st Century.
Magnetic Properties of theRE2Pt6X15(RE= Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu;X= Al, Ga) Series
Authors: Radzieowski Mathis , Stegemann Frank , Janka Oliver
Published: January 2020

The members of theRE2Pt6Al15(RE= Ce–Nd, Sm, Gd–Yb) andRE2Pt6Ga15(RE= Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu) series have been synthesized from the elements via arc‐melting followed by annealing in an induction furnace. Isotypism of Ho2Pt6Al15with orthorhombic (3+1)D commensurately modulated Sc2Pt6Al15[Cmcm(α,0,0)0s0,α= 2/3] was observed from single‐crystal diffraction data. The diffraction pattern shows the same satellite reflections pattern as the prototype, therefore the same modulated superstructure was refined. Full ordering of the Pt and Al atoms within the [Pt6Al15]δ–polyanion was observed. The lattice parameters of the averaged hexagonal structure were refined from powder X‐ray diffraction experiments and agree well with previous reports on these compounds. The X‐ray pure polycrystalline samples of both series were studied with respect to their magnetic properties. The susceptibility data of all investigated compounds show experimental magnetic moments close to the free ion values of theRE3+cations and antiferro‐/ferrimagnetic ordering at low temperatures with Curie temperatures up toTC= 16.8(1) K for Gd2Pt6Ga15. Both, Sm2Pt6Al15and Sm2Pt6Ga15show the typicalvan Vlecktype behavior along with antiferromagnetic ordering at a Néel temperature ofTN= 4.5(1) K (Al) and ferrimagnetic ordering atTC= 6.5(1) K (Ga). Yb2Pt6Al15exhibits ytterbium in the trivalent oxidation state, while for Yb2Pt6Ga15a divalent state of the Yb atoms was observed.
Microfluidic formation of highly monodispersed multiple cored droplets using needle‐based system in parallel mode
Authors: Lian Zheng , Chan Yue , Luo Yang , Yang Xiaogang , Koh Kai Seng , Wang Jing , Chen George Zheng , Ren Yong , He Jun
Published: January 2020

Scale‐up in droplet microfluidics achieved by increasing the number of devices running in parallel or increasing the droplet makers in the same device can compromise the narrow droplet‐size distribution, or requires high fabrication cost, when glass‐ or polymer‐based microdevices are used. This paper reports a novel way using parallelization of needle‐based microfluidic systems to form highly monodispersed droplets with enhanced production rates yet in cost‐effective way, even when forming higher order emulsions with complex inner structure. Parallelization of multiple needle‐based devices could be realized by applying commercially available two‐way connecters and 3D‐printed four‐way connectors. The production rates of droplets could be enhanced around fourfold (over 660 droplets/min) to eightfold (over 1300 droplets/min) by two‐way connecters and four‐way connectors, respectively, for the production of the same kind of droplets than a single droplet maker (160 droplets/min). Additionally, parallelization of four‐needle sets with each needle specification ranging from 34G to 20G allows for simultaneous generation of four groups of PDMS microdroplets with each group having distinct size yet high monodispersity (CV < 3%). Up to six cores can be encapsulated in double emulsion using two parallelly connected devices via tuning the capillary number of middle phase in a range of 1.31 × 10−4 to 4.64 × 10−4. This study leads to enhanced production yields of droplets and enables the formation of groups of droplets simultaneously to meet extensive needs of biomedical and environmental applications, such as microcapsules with variable dosages for drug delivery or drug screening, or microcapsules with wide range of absorbent loadings for water treatment.
Ultrasonic treatment of textile dye effluent utilizing microwave‐assisted activated carbon
Authors: Maheshwari Karishma , Solanki Yogendra S. , Ridoy Md Sabbir Hossain , Agarwal Madhu , Dohare Rajeev , Gupta Ragini
Published: January 2020

Porous microwave irradiated activated carbon has been developed and its application for time efficient ultrasonic treatment of Congo‐red (CR) dye. The maximum removal efficiency of 97.73% was obtained using developed adsorbent with ultrasound treatment. The optimum parameters for maximum dye removal were obtained that is, contact time of 2 hr, adsorbent dose of 0.2 g, neutral pH, room temperature, and initial CR‐effluent concentration of 10 mg/l. Adsorption isotherms models, kinetics of the process, and thermodynamic analysis have been evaluated to investigate the adsorption performance. The pseudo second order rate kinetics (R2 = 0.99) and Langmuir equilibrium isotherm (R2 = 0.99) were well fitted to the experimental data. It has been found that microwave synthesized method was better technique in terms of energy savings, and ultrasonic treatment approach was efficient technique in terms of operational time. The combination of microwave‐ultrasonic reported to have an adsorptive capacity of 75.75 mg/g with least energy‐cost consuming approach.
Moving set‐up room theory of weakening the mining pressure caused by the backfilling body in solid backfilling mining
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zhang Jixiong , Chen Yang , Ntigurirwa Jean Damascene , Xia Kangqi
Published: January 2020

The core of backfilling mining is to reduce the mining pressure in order to achieve precise control of strata position and status. Since disturbances and damages to the original rocks of the stope by set‐up room and backfilling working face are low, and due to the similar ground behavior mechanism, the “moving set‐up room” theory (short as MSUR [moving set‐up room] theory) is proposed to characterize the reduction of mining pressure caused by the backfilling body. The scientific connotation includes the qualitative characterization of the mining status, quantitative expression of the mining pressure weakening degree, and critical conditions while weakening the mining pressure caused by the backfilling body in the stope, as well as controlling the mining pressure in the stope based on the weakening effect. By combining with the analysis of the controlling features of backfilling mining pressure in the stope and the stress and displacement evolutions, the concept and characteristics of the MSUR theory of backfilling stopes were proposed. Simultaneously, the qualitative and quantitative scientific characterization methods of MSUR were investigated. Therefore, solutions to the critical conditions of the MSUR effect were proposed, and the control of mining pressure in the stope was designed based on the MSUR theory. This study provides references for precise control of strata position and status in backfilling mining.
Technological assessment and modeling of energy‐related CO2 emissions for the G8 countries by using hybrid IWO algorithm based on SVM
Authors: Ghazvini Mahyar , Dehghani Madvar Mohammad , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Rezaei Mohammad Hossein , El Haj Assad Mamdouh , Nabipour Narjes , Kumar Ravinder
Published: January 2020

Recently, energy‐related CO2 emissions are considered as one of the most crucial issues and are promptly augmented due to further urbanization. In this paper, in order to model and calculate yearly CO2 emission, an artificial neural network is used. For the first time, the IWO‐SVM method has been applied in modeling energy‐related CO2 emissions. In this regard, consumption of different energy sources such as renewable energy, natural gas, coal, and oil, and GDP of the G8 countries in various years (from 1990 to 2016) are regarded as input in the present study. For the aim of evaluating the exact ability of the SVM and SVM‐IWO models, the performance of these models in three different modes is carried out on the basis of the number of data in the test and train sections. For this purpose, implementations are split into three categories (a = 80% of the data for the train section and 20% for the test section; b = 70% of the data for the train section and 30% for the test section; and c = 60% of the data for the train section and 40% for the test section). Furthermore, five scenarios were selected on the basis of the number of input parameters and input parameters for achieving the best model. As indicated in the results in all scenarios, the correlation of the model with the hybrid invasive weed algorithm based on SVM is more favorable than that in the support vector machine model, due to better training of the SVM‐IWO model than the SVM model. Moreover, the technological orientations of the G8 countries to mitigate CO2 emissions are determined through patent analysis. While the patents have essential information, investigating the published patent by a country could be helpful for determination of technological orientations. Hence, all published patents by these countries are extracted and deeply analyzed. In the next step, to find out main technological approaches, all patents and their intents have been studied. Eventually, the technological life cycles and trends of each main technology are drawn.
Perfluoroalkyl Substances Increase Susceptibility of Northern Leopard Frog Tadpoles to Trematode Infection
Authors: Brown Sophia R. , Flynn R. Wesley , Hoverman Jason T.
Published: January 2020

Per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants of emerging concern that can impair immune function, yet few studies have tested whether exposure increases infection risk. Using laboratory experiments, we found that exposure to 10 ppb of perfluorohexanesulfonic acid increased trematode (Echinoparyphium lineage 3) infections in larval northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens). However, there was no effect of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. Our results demonstrate that PFAS can potentially enhance infection risk in natural systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:689–694. © 2020 SETAC
Do credit booms predict US recessions?
Authors: Mihai Marius M.
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the role of bank credit in predicting US recessions since the 1960s in the context of a bivariate probit model. A set of results emerge. First, credit booms are shown to have strong positive effects in predicting declines in the business cycle at horizons ranging from 6 to 9 months. Second, I propose to isolate the effect of credit booms by identifying the contribution of excess bank liquidity alongside a housing factor in the downturn of each cycle. Third, the out‐of‐sample performance of the model is tested on the most recent credit‐driven recession: the Great Recession of 2008. The model performs better than a more parsimonious version where we restrict the effect of credit booms on the business cycle in the system to be zero.
Bank risk‐taking and market discipline: Evidence from CoCo bonds in Korea
Authors: Lee Younghwan , Park Haerang
Published: January 2020

We investigate whether the risk profile of contingent convertible (CoCo) bonds is well‐priced by testing the sensitivity of bond spreads to bank asset volatility. While equity holders (bankers) have an incentive to make riskier investments to trigger the write‐off, such risk‐taking behavior can be contained if CoCo bond investors punish it by demanding higher returns. We have found that investors in the Korean financial market understand the risk profile of CoCo bonds and require higher returns for the additional bank risk, which suggests the presence of market discipline with regard to CoCo bonds.
A fixel‐based analysis of micro‐ and macro‐structural changes to white matter following adult traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wallace Erica J. , Mathias Jane L. , Ward Lynn , Fripp Jurgen , Rose Stephen , Pannek Kerstin
Published: January 2020

Diffusion tensor imaging is often used to assess white matter (WM) changes following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but is limited in voxels that contain multiple fibre tracts. Fixel‐based analysis (FBA) addresses this limitation by using a novel method of analysing high angular resolution diffusion‐weighted imaging (HARDI) data. FBA examines three aspects of each fibre tract within a voxel: tissue micro‐structure (fibre density [FD]), tissue macro‐structure (fibre‐bundle cross section [FC]) and a combined measure of both (FD and fibre‐bundle cross section [FDC]). This study used FBA to identify the location and extent of micro‐ and macro‐structural changes in WM following TBI. A large TBI sample (Nmild = 133, Nmoderate–severe = 29) and control group (healthy and orthopaedic; N = 107) underwent magnetic resonance imaging with HARDI and completed reaction time tasks approximately 7 months after their injury (range: 98–338 days). The TBI group showed micro‐structural differences (lower FD) in the corpus callosum and forceps minor, compared to controls. Subgroup analyses revealed that the mild TBI group did not differ from controls on any fixel metric, but the moderate to severe TBI group had significantly lower FD, FC and FDC in multiple WM tracts, including the corpus callosum, cerebral peduncle, internal and external capsule. The moderate to severe TBI group also had significantly slower reaction times than controls, but the mild TBI group did not. Reaction time was not related to fixel findings. Thus, the WM damage caused by moderate to severe TBI manifested as fewer axons and a reduction in the cross‐sectional area of key WM tracts.
Priority access to health care: Evidence from an exogenous policy shock
Authors: Yee Christine A. , Legler Aaron , Davies Michael , Prentice Julia , Pizer Steven
Published: January 2020

Access to care is an important issue in public health care systems. Unlike private systems, in which price equilibrates supply and demand, public systems often ration medical services through wait times. Access that is given on a first come, first served basis might not yield an allocation of resources that maximizes the health of a population, potentially creating suboptimal heterogeneity in wait times. In this study, we examine an access disparity between two groups of patients—established patients and new patients. We exploit an exogenous policy change—implemented by the U.S. Veterans Health Administration—that removed the disparity and homogenized the wait time. We find strong evidence that without such a policy, established patients have priority access over new patients. We discuss whether this is a suboptimal allocation of resources. We additionally find that established patient priority access is an important determinant of access for new patients; accounting for it increased the explanatory power of our statistical model of new patient wait times by a factor of five. The findings imply that policy and management decisions may be more effective in achieving the optimal distribution of access if access heterogeneity is recognized and accounted for explicitly.
Immune‐Responsive Gene 1/Itaconate Activates Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 in Hepatocytes to Protect Against Liver Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yi Zhongjie , Deng Meihong , Scott Melanie J. , Fu Guang , Loughran Patricia A. , Lei Zhao , Li Shilai , Sun Ping , Yang Chenxuan , Li Wenbo , Xu Hongbo , Huang Feizhou , Billiar Timothy R.
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims

Itaconate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, plays anti‐inflammatory roles in macrophages during endotoxemia. The mechanisms underlying its anti‐inflammatory roles have been shown to be mediated by the modulation of oxidative stress, an important mechanism of hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the role of itaconate in liver I/R injury is unknown.

Approach and Results

We found that deletion of immune‐responsive gene 1 (IRG1), encoding for the enzyme producing itaconate, exacerbated liver injury and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, bone marrow adoptive transfer experiments indicated that deletion of IRG1 in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments contributes to the protection mediated by IRG1 after I/R. Interestingly, the expression of IRG1 was up‐regulated in hepatocytes after I/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation‐induced oxidative stress. Modulation of the IRG1 expression levels in hepatocytes regulated hepatocyte cell death. Importantly, addition of 4‐octyl itaconate significantly improved liver injury and hepatocyte cell death after I/R. Furthermore, our data indicated that nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is required for the protective effect of IRG1 on mouse and human hepatocytes against oxidative stress–induced injury. Our studies document the important role of IRG1 in the acute setting of sterile injury induced by I/R. Specifically, we provide evidence that the IRG1/itaconate pathway activates Nrf2‐mediated antioxidative response in hepatocytes to protect liver from I/R injury.

Conclusions

Our data expand on the importance of IRG1/itaconate in nonimmune cells and identify itaconate as a potential therapeutic strategy for this unfavorable postsurgical complication.
Beyond the concept of cold and hot tumors for the development of novel predictive biomarkers and the rational design of immunotherapy combination
Authors: De Guillebon Eleonore , Dardenne Antoine , Saldmann Antonin , Séguier Sylvie , Tran Thi , Paolini Lea , Lebbe Celeste , Tartour Eric
Published: January 2020

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of cancers. At the end of 2018, 1,716 clinical trials assessed regimen that combine program death‐1 (PD‐1)/program death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) blockers with other cancer therapies (tyrosine kinase inhibitor, chemotherapy and radiotherapy). There is a contrast between these clinical dynamics and the difficulty of identifying biomarkers to better select patients that could benefit from immunotherapy. In this context, different tumor classifications have been proposed to try to better stratify patients. They rely on the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and led first to divide them into hot and cold tumors. In this review, we aim to demonstrate the limitations of this classification focusing on the differential significance of subpopulations of intratumor CD8 + T cells. We also underline novel mechanisms of resistance to anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade, focusing on myeloid cells, hypoxia and tumor immunoediting under treatment. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to immune‐checkpoint inhibitor is indeed a powerful research driver that allows further identification of novel biomarkers, drug development and bring a rational to innovative therapeutic combinations.