bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
API AND BEYOND: DETECTING COORDINATED BEHAVIOURS IN FACEBOOK INTERACTIONS AROUND POLITICAL NEWS STORIES
Authors: Fabio Giglietto , Righetti Nicola , Marino Giada
Published: August 2020

This proposal is a follow-up of the project “Mapping Italian News Media Political Coverage in the Lead-up to 2018 General Election” (MINE). MINE aimed at creating a comprehensive map of the political news coverage created by the Italian online news media in the lead-up to 2018 general election. The final report of the project highlighted how the populist narrative dominated the news (both in terms of volume of coverage and Facebook engagement), and pinpointed the diverging patterns of Facebook interactions employed by different partisan communities to amplify the reach of the contents aligned with their worldview by sharing the news stories on social media, while trying to reframe, through comments, the negative coverage of the party they support. These insights led to further questions concerning the nature of the observed diverging patterns of Facebook interactions around political news. In particular, we wondered if the observed patterns were the result of a spontaneous grassroots effort or instead of a strategically organised attempt to manipulate the online news media landscape in order to game platforms algorithms in support of specific viewpoints, candidates and parties. Data originally collected for MINE during 2018 via publically available Facebook API proved useful to identify the patterns, but fall short of providing compelling evidence on the nature of these behaviours. In order to shed some light on this question, we thus requested and obtained access to two additional datasets directly provided by Facebook and made available through the Social Science One (SSO) initiative.
QUEER DE/STABILIZATIONS IN AND OF DIGITAL CULTURAL RESEARCH
Authors: Dobson Amy Shields , Race Kane , O'Riordan Kate
Published: August 2020

This panel brings together papers that explore digital cultures, platforms, and queer and feminist theoretical and methodological research approaches. The papers in this panel each explore the kinds of approaches suited to researching queer “de/stabilizations” in and of digital culture; that is, to projects of tracing, mapping, and making, queerer worlds via digital cultural research. “Trustworthy” systems are, in one important sense, systems that are relatively stable, reliable, and that work somewhat predictably. But in algorithmic digital cultures “reliability” and “predictability” are not always characteristics to be trusted: digital media scholars have examined how algorithmic systems “build in”, intensify, and thus stabilize a-priori discriminatory practices, cultural associations, and stereotypical representational meanings, thus helping to cement social inequalities via increasingly ubiquitous practices of quantification, as Paper 4 explores in relation to digital extracted data on “gay” genomics and faces. On a different register, ethnographic research on youth, social media, and gender and sexuality has also evidenced the kind of stabilizations of hetero-patriarchal dominant meanings of, for example, digitally shared images of bodies, as Papers 1 and 2 highlight. Important tensions arise in digital cultural research, particularly among scholars concerned with gender and sexuality, around desires to trace, and make manifest stable, strong, and more broadly and inclusively “trustworthy” systems, communities, and meanings in digital cultures, and the associated risks of capture and exclusion pertinent to marginalized groups and bodies (Paper 3). The papers in this panel explore these tensions, and their implications for digital cultural research.
‘SENSORIAL LITTER’: BUILDING REFLEXIVE TRUST THROUGH EXAMINING DIGITAL DETRITUS
Authors: Hare Kathleen Allyson
Published: August 2020

How to reflexively examine the ways in which the researcher’s own embodied experiences shape knowledge production is a key question within digital and sensory ethnography. Challenges exist around capturing these embodied experiences through conventional reflexive methods, such as voice and field notes. Furthermore, it can be particularly difficult to capture that which is experienced by the researcher as being ‘too intense’ and resultingly shed or refuse/d by the body; (e.g., fleeting, whirling anxious thoughts; spatial suspensions of disorientation; and voids from pushing away difficult feelings). Nevertheless, as examining refuse/d experiences can focus reflexive engagement on the difficult aspects of fieldwork, this methodological area provides a unique niche for inquiry. In this work, I advance knowledge on retaining and reflecting upon too intense experiences. I first draw from phenomenological embodiment theories to put forward the concept of ‘sensorial litter’. I posit that when shed from the body, intense experiences are not lost, but rather manifest materially through digital media as litter (e.g., anxiety filled texts, emails to supervisors, search histories). Retrieving and examining three pieces of sensorial litter from my own ethnographic work, I then demonstrate how this digital detritus may add critical depth to reflexive engagement with embodiment. Specifically, I illustrate how sensorial litter can provide concrete entry points into the ways in which the researcher’s sensing body is perpetually in flux, shaping and re-shaping throughout fieldwork. I argue that sensorial litter can facilitate reflexive engagement that is many-sited, intertextual, resistant to holism, and perceptive ethnographic research’s inevitable shortcomings.
"WHAT WE CANNOT SPEAK ABOUT WE MUST TWEET": TRUST AMONG ISRAELI TWITTER USERS WITH DEPRESSION
Authors: Haytin Sofia , Livio Oren
Published: August 2020

Research on self-revealing online environments in general and on internet-based medical support groups in particular has demonstrated that participants in such environments customarily assume others to be worthy of intimacy that is indeed reciprocated, resulting in a generalized climate of mutual trust that nevertheless meets significant challenges in actual online practice. While most previous studies have examined this phenomenon in the context of blogs, forums, and social media groups explicitly devoted to specific _physical_ illnesses, in this study we focus on a "naturally" developing, unstructured, a-hierarchical "community"-of-sorts that is based on a shared _mental_ disorder – Israeli Twitter users with depression. In-depth interviews with these users demonstrate how the unique affordances of Twitter in Israel – and especially its lack of popularity and its construction as the "anti-Facebook" – have enabled it to become a discursive space in which non-hegemonic voices are more prominent.

While Twitter users with depression were cautious in developing trust, once trust was inferred it became a central facet of their perception of Twitter and its supportive role. Users conceived of Twitter as a sanctuary and echo chamber in which people with depression can present their authentic selves to an empathetic, non-judgmental community of similar outcasts. At the same time, the community's expectations for profound authenticity paradoxically led some users to avoid tweeting about positive experiences. In addition, Twitter's marginal status allowed users to link their sense of _psychological_ reclusiveness to their sense of _political_ isolation in a climate in which leftist views are increasingly ostracized.
LEVERAGING TRUST: YOUTUBE ENTERTAINERS AND THE ROLE OF PROBLEM-SOLVING IN ENGENDERING TRUST.
Authors: Healy Guy Hamilton
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to better understand the role that problem-solving plays in building the trust necessary to sustain online fan audiences, and so support the careers of influential social media entertainers. Problem-solving in this context means a video, where the theme deals with the problems of modern life experienced by young fans. A mixed methods approach – in this case in-depth interviews, discourse analysis and participant observation at YouTube Creator Day events – is used to better leverage the strengths of each method and triangulate results. Sample size is at least 20 YouTubers at the most culturally significant, artistic end of the spectrum with an average of at least 1mn subscribers, established TV producers and Multi-Channel Network leaders. Preliminary results suggest that leading YouTube creators – including A-listers – use a conscious strategy of identifying the problems fans experience, so establishing trust and building audiences for their videos around their own solutions. Moreover, trust is engendered through two main means say these Australian YouTubers: first, the considerable time creators spend listening to their fans across creators’ YouTube, Twitter, Facebook and Patreon channels; and second, via online and analogue interactions with fans that open their lifeworld’s to the creator, and in turn shape the themes of their short video products. This phenomenon of collaborative problem-solving, independent of traditional state, school or family structures, represents an important shift with significant potential for youth agency in an emergent public sphere.
PLAYING WHILE FEMALE: RE-READING IDENTITY FIXATIONS IN OVERWATCH
Authors: Jensen Jennifer , De Castell Suzanne , Skardzius Karen
Published: August 2020

In early 2019, Overwatch professional player, “Ellie” quit playing just weeks after having been named to one of the teams seeded into the professional league. The harassment cited as a reason to leave was related especially to whether or not “Ellie” was truly “female”. Not much later, Ellie was revealed (and confirmed by Blizzard, the parent company of Overwatch) to be an account created by a male player. This paper sets out to map the controversy that ensued from a self-styled “social experiment” of playing while female.

This paper brings this current “revelation” into conversation with past, more fully embodied/manufactured identities to better understand why this case is particularly important to internet studies. To this end, we begin by briefly describing some earlier, more familiar cases of people revealed to be someone other than, in online spaces, they said they were. Then, we further outline the instance of Ellie: its uptake by mainstream media, prominent Youtubers and Twitch streamers, and its discussion on internet forums like Reddit and 4Chan. Paying particular attention to the ways these discussions frame the “trick” played in disguising Ellie’s ‘true’ identity (singular), we suggest that this kind of case has always been galvanized by an underlying conviction that the best gamers are always and only men, and one contribution internet scholarship can make here is to show how these discursive patterns are unhelpful in understanding contemporary identificatory politics and practices in online spaces.
‘I TRUST TRANSGENDER FEMALE MICROCELEBRITIES’: FROM BUILDING A NEW BODY TO BECOME AN INSPIRING IDOL
Authors: Limkangvanmongkol Vimviriya
Published: August 2020

Much global attention is given to Bangkok as the “Mecca of transsexual body modification” (Aizura, 2010, p. 2) for both Thai and non-Thai transgender women. Clearly, it has garnered an international reputation as “being culturally tolerant of gender variance” (p. 16), in particular, for transgendered women or ladyboys. However, they are still considered marginalized in Thai society and are not well-accepted for many Thais. Since the rise of networked technology, some Thai transgender women have lived online, formed likeminded-groups, and shared support. This paper argues that their blogs serve as counter-publics for the unheard voices to be publicly visible. At the intersection of technology, identity and online participation literatures, this research extends microcelebrity literature and borrows second-wave feminist value, “personal is political” to examine transgender women beauty bloggers and their blogs and understand how (their) personal is political. For this project, I had in-depth interviews with seven transgender women beauty bloggers in Thailand, taken in 2-hour period each during December 2016 and February 2017. Findings show that, Thai transgender female beauty blogs serve as “social-conscience-style activis[t]” (Vromen, 2006) who build their own bodies, friend their fans (regardless of how many followers they have accumulated), and become inspiring idols. The blogs lend themselves to serve as informational and emotional support to their followers, especially transgendered followers. Bloggers enact micro-political actions to be seen online and empower the marginalized, thus, become a trustworthy source.
CONVENIENCE TRUMPS ALGORITHMS: PREDICTING CONTINUED INTENTION TO USE MUSIC STREAMING SERVICES
Authors: Lüders Marika
Published: August 2020

This paper develops and examines constructs for predicting continued intention to use music streaming services and combines theoretical approaches from technology acceptance studies, collecting/sensemaking in music streaming services and algorithmic culture/individuation. This theoretical framework is chosen as each approach points to constructs that capture at least part of the use-value of these services, yet that have not been examined in combination.

The theoretical model suggests that convenience value, monetary value, will to archive, algorithmic value and age predict continued intention to use music streaming services (age negatively). The empirical basis of the study consists of interviews with 26 users of streaming services and an online survey (N=793) with respondents who pay for music streaming services. The survey items were subjected to a principal component analysis, resulting in the five foreseen factors. Items that loaded on each factor were summed and averaged and used in the subsequent hierarchical regression analyses.

The results show that monetary value is the strongest predictor followed by convenience value and will to archive. As expected, age is negatively associated with continued intention to use music streaming services. Whereas algorithmic value correlates significantly with all other constructs, it does not predict continued intention to use. The qualitative interviews help explain the results. People who invest efforts in organizing their own music libraries and playlists create added value to their own service-experience. Interviews also provide accounts of how personalized recommendations are considered important by the most avid music-listeners, yet that casual listeners pay little attention to recommendations.
THANKS SVETLANA: PRIVACY, TRUST, HUMOR, AND THE RUSSIAN PSYOP ON TUMBLR
Authors: Neill Hoch Indira
Published: August 2020

This study uses a combination of multimodal discourse analysis (Bateman, 2008; Holsanova, 2012; Jewitt, 2009; LeVine & Scollon, 2004) and qualitative interview materials to make an initial attempt at understanding the response to the Russian Psyop as it played out on Tumblr. It is critical that we, as technologically-oriented, civically concerned communication scholars, understand the technical and social mechanisms that allowed Russian and other interference on social media platforms to be perpetuated, and not only on the most popular and visible sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, but more niche platforms as well.

Interview materials originate prior to the announcement, and were conducted from September to November 2017. In these interviews, privacy concerns were discussed at length, as well as Tumblr’s perceived incompetence when coding and maintaining a web platform. Because they maintained relatively little faith in the digital architecture of Tumblr, participants instead largely managed their privacy by carefully considering who they followed and who followed them. This centrality of “knowing” who they followed (while almost never knowing the blogger in a face-to-face context) is key for understanding how the Russian accounts must resemble “real” people, in order to gain followers and thus traction on Tumblr.

The posts and reblog chains under analysis either 1) originated with one IRA-linked account, “lagonegirl,” and were reblogged after “her” blog was deleted, or 2) were humorous responses to the Psyop revelation/Russian spies.
TRUSTING TWITTERSPHERE AS A GENUINE POLITICAL DEBATE? THE CASE OF INDONESIAN ELECTION HASTAGS
Authors: Setianto Yearry Panji
Published: August 2020

This research in progress explores how political discussion on Indonesian Twittersphere could provide a genuine conversation on debates related to the upcoming 2019 national election in Indonesia. Taking the case of the presidential and parliamentary election in the upcoming April 2019, the author uses social media data on Twitter to investigate whether the discussions are heavily lean into digital public sphere or more dominated by political buzzer and bots. The author examines this by creating Twitter network maps based on hashtags related to the election. Modularity tests are employed to identify the extent of online community developed during the conversations. Most of the hashtags analyzed could attract hundreds of small communities, created mini-publics, which in turn shows the degree of willingness of the Indonesian social media users to participate in this practice of digital citizenship. Qualitative observations on the selection of the most significant actors within the network and the words they posted are employed to understand if the conversations were not led by either dominant political actors or political buzzers/bots, and thus, suggest the citizens’ genuine form of political communication. Despite the limitations of studying Twitter data, the author suggests that by taking a closer attention to how political conversation in non-English/Western political environment, this study might provide valuable insights on the development of genuine utilization of (and trust on) the social media platforms for political engagement.
LAUGHTER OUT OF PLACE: AFFECTIVE HOMOPHILY AND THE ABSURD COMEDY OF #METOO
Authors: Sundén Jenny , Paasonen Susanna
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the affective and ambiguous dynamics of feminist humor as an unexpected strategy of resistance in connection with #MeToo, asking what laughter may do to the sharpness of negative affects of shame and anger driving the movement. Firstly, we deploy Nanette—Hannah Gadsby’s 2018 Netflix success heralded as the comedy of the #MeToo era—arguing that the uniform viral warmth surrounding the show drives the emergence of networked feminisms through “affective homophily,” or a love of feeling the same. With Nanette, the contagious qualities of laughter are tamed by a networked logic of homophily, allowing for affective intensity while resisting dissent in what is being felt. Secondly, and as a counter force to such sameness, we examine absurd feminist humor trafficking in the unreasonable, illogical, and inappropriate. In considering the unexpected pockets of humor within the #MeToo scandal that ripped apart the prestigious institution of the Swedish Academy in 2018, we explore the emergence of absurdist feminist comedy by zooming in on the figure of the unseemly woman and humor that is knowingly out of tune with both reason and decency. While our first example allows us to argue for the political importance of affective ambiguity, difference, and dissent in social media feminisms, our second example opens up a space for affective release that unpredictable and surprising absurd humour, in combining the illogical with the indecent, affords.
THE QUT DIGITAL OBSERVATORY PROJECT: BUILDING A TRUSTED DATA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SOCIAL MEDIA RESEARCH
Authors: Takahashi Marissa , Hames Sam , Alpert Elizabeth , Bruns Axel
Published: August 2020

Trust is fragile. The 2018 Facebook and Cambridge Analytica debacles highlighted how data harvested from social media platforms can be used not only for commercial purposes but also for political manipulation. This incident and the widespread discussion around it further demonstrated the following issues: unethical data collection enabled by a platform; unethical use of data for corporate and political interest; and unethical data sharing by an academic.

Research needs to be credible to maintain social license. Data is the lifeblood of research. For research to remain credible, research needs to remain fundamentally ethical and research methods comprising data collection and data analysis need to be robust, transparent, repeatable, and auditable. Such methods alone cannot create credibility, but research data infrastructure design and implementation can provide a foundation for credibility by addressing these fundamental processes.

Social science research has traditionally relied on data collection methods such as surveys, interviews, and ethnographic observations. However, an increasing proportion of human life is being mediated by online platforms, with approximately 2.3 billion active users on Facebook and 326 million active users on Twitter (Statista 2019). Social media data collection and analysis have become imperative for researchers interested in various phenomena playing out in these new media. This paper discusses the current state and issues of social media data collection and describes the Digital Observatory’s approach to establishing a credible and trusted research data infrastructure.
PRESSURE CONTROLS: DATA FORCES CREEPING THROUGH FINGERTIP COMMANDS
Authors: Taylor Simon , Witzenberger Kevin
Published: August 2020

AI methods and ubiquitous data sensors have enabled a new algorithmic quantification of affect with the possibility to detect or verify users’ identities, characteristics, emotional states, and physical traits. By scrutinizing how transient datasets are produced by user applied pressure on touch-screens (via fingertip commands) this paper showcases how sensory technology creeps into users’ everyday life with potential implementations connected to a series of emerging data issues engineered by a black-box design: one which obfuscates data production and precludes user consent under the disguise of “non-intrusive” features. Thereby, this paper explores the limits of user-based interrogation of black-boxes by researching tactile modes of operation, as a subset of behavioural biometrics, and sensors that register force in touch analysis and haptic technologies.

Presenting a citation analysis of biometric techniques around the proposed usage of pressure; the authors offer a case-study examination of zinc-based force-sensing materials that are cost-effective and scalable to ubiquitous-computing and a prototype developed using ‘each pixel as a sensor’. By combining these approaches, this paper argues that such developments constitute a phenomenological shift away from users’ perception to data infrastructures working as assemblages of hidden technical sensations, and there is a need to expose these complex networks to afford some grasp, if not direct agency, over their micro temporal operation. This work aims not simply to theorise, but to help reveal ways users may revise, embrace, resist, subvert or even live data practices that operate unlike conventional data harvesting techniques.
Elizabeth Marlin: The First Female Voter in Jefferson County
Authors: Johnstone Barbara
Published: July 2020

After the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, local leaders throughout Pennsylvania began to prepare women to participate in political life. In rural Brookville, Jefferson County, voter registration drives were aimed at women and a “voting school” trained them to understand and mark ballots. On Election Day 1920, women drove others to the polls and answered questions about the voting process. Because of her advanced age, Elizabeth Marlin, a lifelong resident of Brookville, was invited to cast the first female vote in the county. A photograph of Marlin at the polling place is safeguarded by the Jefferson County History Center.
Evaluation of a Network-on-Chip designed to deal with multiple processors in a nanosatellite.
Authors: Coutinho Liz Cristine Moreira , Berejuck Marcelo Daniel
Published: July 2020

Nanosatellites are part of a category of artificial satellites with two essential characteristics: reduced size and low cost of raw material for their construction. They usually have between four and five boards with embedded electronics, which control all their functions. As an alternative to further minimize its costs is the development of a System-on-Chip or SoC, which may use a commercially available programmable logic device (or COTS -- Commercial-Off-The-Shelf component), as an FPGA. To use this type of device is necessary to add mechanisms that can avoid problems arising from cosmic radiation in its electronic components, characteristic in the nanosatellites' space environment. This work presents the proposal of a Network-on-Chip (called NoC) that connects up to four soft-core processors, forming an SoC. The Network-on-Chip, supported by the Hamming codes technique, provides mechanisms that allow it to re-establish a temporary failure of the types Single Event Upset and Single Event Transient. This protection was confirmed by simulations carried out with a software that allows the injection of faults, named ModelSim. Results of lower silicon consumption, concomitant to economies in design and reduction of sensitivity to cosmic ionization, can be observed after the elaborated experiments.
Reflexión en torno a la sentencia 640/2018 sobre niños robados durante el régimen franquista
Authors: Peralta Jordan Angela Rosa
Published: July 2020

La respuesta jurídica ante casos de graves violaciones a los derechos humanos en España —en particular, la interpretación literal de la ley interna para delitos cometidos durante el régimen franquista— plantea el problema de la suficiencia de esta fórmula para el cumplimiento de fines de justicia transicional, en específico, el derecho a la justicia y la lucha contra la impunidad. En este sentido, existen argumentos tendientes a demostrar la necesidad de deconstruir y reformular la esfera jurídica que enfrenta este tipo de casos, incorporando algunas categorías del derecho internacional y otras fuentes ético-políticas, como la memoria. El presente artículo analiza el razonamiento de la Audiencia Provincial de Madrid en la sentencia 640/2018, sobre un caso de «niños robados», como ejemplo de aplicación simplista del derecho, y propone una interpretación más compleja, que repercute en la aplicación directa de la imprescriptibilidad de la acción penal.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 9 No. 4
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: July 2020

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: jfr@ccsenet.org

Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 4

 

Adele Papetti, University of Pavia, Italy

Ammar Eltayeb Ali Hassan, University of Tromsø, Norway

Ancuta Elena Prisacaru, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania

Asima Asi Begic-Akagic, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Bosnian

Bojana Filipcev, University of Novi Sad, Serbia

Cheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United States

Eganathan Palanisami, Meta Procambial Biotech Private Limited, India

Elke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria

Jintana Wiboonsirikul, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, Thailand

Jose Maria Zubeldia, Spain

Juan José Villaverde, INIA -National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Spain

Lenka Kourimska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic

Leonardo Martín Pérez, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Argentina

Magdalena Polak-Berecka, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland

Marcel Bassil, University of Balamand, Lebanese University and Benta Pharma Industries, Lebanon

Miguel Elias, University of évora, Portugal

Mohd Nazrul Hisham Daud, Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Malaysia

Poorna CR Yalagala, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA

Salam Zahra Saleh Ahmed, National Research Centre, Egypt

Sushil Kumar Singh, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA

Teodora Emilia Coldea, Univ. of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Tzortzis Nomikos, Harokopio University, Greece
Land Use Dynamics and Variations in Sprawl across Municipalities in the Bamenda Urban-scape from 1996-2018
Authors: Lawrence F. Fombe , Mildred E. Acha
Published: July 2020

Worldwide urban areas are having increasing influence over the surrounding landscape. Peri-urban regions of the world are facing challenges which results from sprawl with increasing problems of social segregation, wasted land and greater distance to work. This study seeks to examine the trends in land use dynamics, urban sprawl and associated development implications in the Bamenda Municipalities from 1996 to 2018. The study made use of the survey, historical and correlational research designs. The purposive and snowball techniques were used to collect data. Spatiotemporal analyses were carried out on Landsat Images for 1996, 2008, and 2018 obtained from Earth Explorer, Erdas Image 2014 and changes detected from the maps digitized. The SPSS version 21 and MS Excel 2016 were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data. The former employed the Pearson correlation analysis. Analysis of land use/land cover change detection reveals that built-up area has increased significantly from 1996 to 2018 at the detriment of forest, wetland and agricultural land at different rates within each municipality. These changes have led to invasion of risk zones, high land values, uncoordinated, uncontrolled and unplanned urban growth. The study suggests that proactive planning, use of GIS to monitor land use activities, effective implementation of existing town planning norms and building regulations, are invaluable strategies to sustainably manage urban growth in Bamenda.
Warped product submanifolds in metallic Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Hretcanu Cristina Elena , Blaga Adara
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study the existence of proper warped product submanifolds in metallic (or Golden) Riemannian manifolds and we discuss about semi-invariant, semi-slant and, respectively, hemi-slant warped product submanifolds in metallic and Golden Riemannian manifolds. Also, we provide some examples of warped product submanifolds in Euclidean spaces.
Controllability and observability of linear impulsive adjoint dynamic system on time scale
Authors: Yasmin Nusrat , Mirza Safia , Younus Awais , Mansoor Asif
Published: July 2020

This paper deals with the controllability, observability of the solution of time-varying system on time scales. We obtain new results about controllability and observability and generalize to a time scale some known properties about stability from the continuous case.
A simple and fast method to detect freebase cocaine in artificial saliva by square wave voltammetry (SWV) using carbon paste electrode
Authors: Ferreira Bruno , Duarte Leandro Oka , Oiye Érica Naomi , Ribeiro Maria Fernanda Muzetti , Katayama Juliana Midori Toia , Oliva Pedro Henrique Barros , De Oliveira Marcelo Firmino
Published: July 2020

The consequences of consuming and commercializing illicit drugs including cocaine, con­stitute a serious problem for authorities and the whole society. Cocaine is usually identified in the laboratory conditions by chromatographic or spectroscopic methods. Electro­che­mical techniques have also gained prominence because they are fast and easy to use, have many applications, and provide reproducible and reliable results. Therefore, in the present study, a voltammetric method was developed to detect freebase cocaine using carbon paste electrode and methanol as the main cocaine solvent. The developed method was applied to detect cocaine in the artificial saliva by the square wave voltammetry (SWV). The current values increased linearly with the concentration of cocaine, which afforded construction of the analytical curve. The limit of detection (LoD) and the limit of quantify­cation (LoQ) were determined as 0.90 µg/mL and 2.41 µg/mL, respectively. For compa­rison purposes, HPLC-DAD chromatographic method was also applied to detect cocaine. The corresponding analytical curve gave LoD = 0.043 µg/mL and LoQ = 0.130 µg/mL. Although showing better analytical results, HPLC-DAD method could not detect cocaine in saliva samples without previous treatment, what makes the electrochemical method much more attractive for this type of detection.
HEIMEVERNET - THE PILLAR OF NORWAY’S DEFENCE
POLICY
Authors: Marek Adam
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to analyse the organisation and functioning of Norwegian
territorial defence (nor. Heimevernet) by showing its specificity and place in the
national security system. The content of this study was intended to bring the reader
closer to information on the functioning of this type of formation and answer the
question posed during the research, that is, how does the territorial defence system
work, which is connected to the entire defence system of the state in the military
layer, i.e.: the organisational structure of the formation, the role of the formation in the
national defence strategy, the organisation of the recruitment system and the training
of candidates for service, as well as the civil level through the close cooperation
of individual elements of the territorial organisation of military administration,
Heimevernet territorial units with local government bodies at all levels in the Nordic
strategic culture, and whether the conclusions of the study would provide a benchmark
in the implementation of some solutions to the Polish concept of building a territorial
defence system. This scientific article has been prepared on the basis of the available
local literature on the Norwegian defence system, and on the basis of the research
material collected in preparing the thesis.
Further records of Pediciidae and Limoniidae (Diptera) from Azerbaijan and Georgia
Authors: Starý Jaroslav , Oboňa Jozef
Published: August 2020

Records of nine Pediciidae and 80 Limoniidae species (10 Limnophilinae, 38 Chioneinae, and 32 Limoniinae) are presented. Seventeen species are recorded for the first time from Azerbaijan and 14 from Georgia, of which 12 species are new to the whole of Transcaucasia. Three species are recorded for the first time since their original descriptions. Four subspecies of the genus Molophilus Curtis, 1833 are elevated to species rank, namely M. (M.) hebetatus Savchenko, 1976, n. stat., M. (M.) decoloratus Savchenko, 1978, n. stat., M. (M.) brachyurus Savchenko, 1978, n. stat., and M. (M.) cephaliger Savchenko, 1978, n. stat. Two synonymies are proposed, Gonomyia (Gonomyia) conoviensis Barnes, 1924 = G. (G.) oxybeles Alexander, 1975, n. syn. and Lipsothrix nobilis Loew, 1873 = L. iranica Alexander, 1975, n. syn.
Reasons for a Decision not to Institute or to Discontinue an Inquiry – Remarks on the Effectiveness of the Right of the Victim of Crime to a Review of a Decision not to Prosecute in the Light of Polish Implementation of the Article 11 of the Directive 2012/29/EU
Authors: Marko Dawid
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to try to analyse the Polish regulation of the victim’s right to a review of a decision not to prosecute, issued in pre-trial proceedings conducted in the form of an inquiry. Although the Directive 2012/29/EU establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime has been implemented by the Polish legislator, serious doubts arise regarding providing the victim with sufficient information to decide whether to request a review of any decision not to prosecute, which put in question the practical effectiveness of the mere right to seek control of such a decision. Hence, the question occurs: do the shortcomings of the Polish implementation require the criminal proceedings authorities to take responsibility for ensuring the effectiveness of the provisions of the Directive?
Remuneration and Forced Labour – The Impact of Remuneration on the Classification as Forced Labour Victim in European Law
Authors: Satzger Helmut , Siegle Patrick Joseph
Published: July 2020

While European regulations prohibiting forced labour do not explicitly address the impact of remuneration on its presence, a closer look at corresponding case law identifies that indeed some specific principles are repeatedly applied by the European Court of Human Rights. As these guidelines seem to approach the problem in an insufficiently engaged manner, the question arises as to how they could be furthered in order to achieve more efficient, victim-oriented protection. A glance at German law reveals that remuneration thresholds, if cautiously applied, could constitute an adequate, indicational directive in the future.
Organizational Culture and Knowledge Sharing in Banking Management
Authors: Andleeb Naima , Fauzi Ahmad Md , Aziz Shahab
Published: July 2020

The objective of the chapter is to explore the importance of knowledge sharing in the banking management along with organizational culture. To meet the objective of the study, a framework is proposed with knowledge sharing (KS) that is expected to be influenced by organizational culture (OS). OS itself is contributed by uncertainty avoidance, performance orientation, and gender egalitarianism.
Sustainability and Determinate of Farmers’ Mitigation Strategies to Greenhouse Gases Emission: A Case in Rice Agric-Food System of Nigeria
Authors: Success Esiobu Nnaemaka , Gilbert Onubuogu Chinedu , Munachim Njoku Sylvarlene , Chidinma Nwachukwu Blessing
Published: July 2020

Sustainable production refers to the production that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. At global level and mainly across Nigeria, rice fields are considered as one of the most important sources of atmospheric concentration of two greenhouse gases, mainly anthropogenic methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. These greenhouse gases (GHGs) are produced under anaerobic conditions, and their production has negative environmental and health implications. Additionally, the growing demand for rice across Nigeria exceeds supply, resulting in a rice deficit. To overcome this challenge, rice production should be increased, with so much regard to less GHG emission. Moving forward, understanding the determinate of farmers’ mitigation strategies to GHGs will definitely enhance effort made for farmers to continue to mitigate easily over-time. Incidentally, empirical study on the present discourse is relatively scanty, isolated, and devoid of in-depth and quantitative analyses. Most empirical studies did not pay close attention to the determinants of rice farmers’ decisions to mitigation options to GHGs. Studies on mitigation of GHGs at a farm or household level should rigorously examine the socioeconomic characteristics that influence farmers’ decisions to practice GHG mitigation or not. These create a gap in research and make it extremely difficult if not impossible for the governments/interest groups to know the method they can adopt in helping farmers mitigate the negative impact of GHG emission in rice production. It was against this backdrop that this study was systematically undertaken.
Análisis biomecánico de la técnica individual del viraje en esquí alpino de competición
Authors: Gómez López P. , Gutiérrez Dávila M. , Soto Hermoso Víctor Manuel
Published: August 2020

El objeto del presente estudio es evaluar la goniometría articular de los miembros inferiores de

esquiadores en condiciones reales de competición así como la dinámica del CG y otras variables

que nos permitan exponer una teoría explicativa sobre el viraje en esquí de competición. Para ello

se han analizado tres esquiadores durante la realización de la prueba de Slalom del Campeonato

del Mundo de Sierra Nevada 1996, considerarse dichos esquiadores del más alto nivel internacional

al disputarse entre ellos las medallas del citado campeonato. Para su análisis se han utilizado

técnicas fotogramétricas tridimensionales. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que, en condiciones

de competición, los desplazamientos del CG del sistema se producen como consecuencia de

la inclinación del esquiador hacia el centro de la curva y no por flexión articular, así la liberación

de presión para desplazar los esquís hacia los cantos se realizará a expensas de dicho movimiento

de inclinación.
El efecto de la posición de partida en la salida de espalda en natación
Authors: Zapico Augusto G. , Payton Carl J. , Cabello Enrique N. , Peyrebrune Michael
Published: August 2020

Las salidas en natación suponen, cada vez más, un componente muy importante del tiempo final

de prueba. Los problemas que plantea la investigación de la salida de espalda, debido a que parte

del movimiento sucede dentro del agua y parte fuera, ha hecho que no aparezcan estudios previos

que aporten luz a las dudas que plantean los entrenadores y los libros de texto sobre el tema. Uno

de estos interrogantes es saber si la posición de partida de las piernas debe ser más o menos abierta

(ángulos de la rodilla de 15±5º ó 90±5º). Para ello cuatro nadadores experimentados (21.5 ± 0.5

años, 59.3 ± 1.4 seg en 100m espalda y 27.2 ± 0.5 seg en 50m) fueron entrenados durante cuatro

semanas en ambas salidas y efectuaron un total de tres salidas de cada, para posteriormente ser

elegidas las mejores de cada uno, para cada condición del estudio. Se realizo un test de Wilcoxon

para comparación de muestras relacionadas no paramétricas. En contra de lo que podía ser esperado

no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tiempos a 5, 10 y 15 metros en ninguna

de ellas (p=1, p=0.8 y p=0.6), así como en velocidades del centro de gravedad en salida y entrada

(p=0.095 y p= 0.145), altura del centro de gravedad (p= 0.5), o longitud del vuelo (p=0.214) entre

otras. Las similitudes del movimiento con el de un salto vertical sin contramovimiento, salvando la

diferencia de la gravedad, nos hacen pensar que otras variables no controladas como el ángulo de

la cadera o factores coordinativos relacionados con la acción de los músculos biarticulares puedan

tener una influencia mayor que la variable estudiada. No obstante, los datos no paramétricos

nos hacen ser prudentes y esperar a los resultados del análisis del resto de sujetos. Por último, decir

que los nadadores usaban una de las dos variables normalmente, encontrándose más cómodos con

ella. Esto nos lleva a sugerir a nivel técnico el trabajo de ambas en edades tempranas para posteriormente

ver cual produce los mejores resultados.
Estudio in vitro de la actividad citotóxica de resinas dentales tipo BIS-GMA
Authors: Ríos M. , Cepero J. , Krael R. , Davidenko N. , González A.
Published: August 2020

Las resinas composites se emplean desde hace varias décadas en distintas aplicaciones

estomatológicas, volviéndose indispensables para lograr una alta calidad en los servicios modernos.

Uno de los monómeros acrílicos más utilizados en estos materiales poliméricos de recubrimiento

es el 2-bis-[p-(2-hidroxi-3-metacriloxipropoxi) fenil] propano, conocido comúnmente como Bis-

GMA. El conocimiento de las interacciones de estos materiales con el sistema biológico es de vital

importancia debido al uso tan difundido de los mismos en la práctica clínica. El comportamiento de

una célula viva en contacto con un material extraño es un problema esencial en las aplicaciones

biomédicas de polímeros sintéticos. Los ensayos in vitro son sistemas muy útiles para la evaluación

de los efectos biológicos de los biomateriales.

En el laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología del INOR se llevó a cabo la evaluación de la

toxicidad de dos resinas dentales tipo Bis-GMA producidas por el Centro de Biomateriales de la

Universidad de La Habana: el Obtudent Fotocurado (FC), resina fotopolimerizable para restauraciones

dentales y el Cubridem Autocurado (AC), sellante dental para fosas y fisuras. Este estudio

forma parte de las evaluaciones preclínicas biológicas de biomateriales y equipos médicos

implantables que se lleva a cabo en Cuba a través de la Red Funcional de Implantología del

Ministerio de Salud Pública. Se aplicó el método de citotoxicidad in vitro descrito por Stanley para

la evaluación toxicológica de materiales dentales. Ambos composites resultaron citotóxicos para

la línea de fibroblastos L929, lo que se corresponde con lo descrito en la literatura para este tipo

de material. Su citotoxicidad se encontró en el rango de la de los análogos comerciales evaluados.
Evaluación comparativa de la distribución corporal de tejido adiposo entre jugadores de fútbol profesionales, semiprofesionales y amateurs
Authors: Herrero de Lucas A. , Armesilla Cabañas
Published: August 2020

La preparación física en el ámbito del fútbol ha adquirido una gran importancia en los últimos

años. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la distribución corporal de tejido graso en 150 futbolistas,

divididos por igual en las categorías profesionales (2ª A División), semiprofesionales (2ªB División)

y no profesionales (3ª División) de la liga de fútbol española. Se valora peso, talla y 9

pliegues cutáneos grasos, además del sumatorio de 6 y 9 pliegues, relación grasa troncal / extremidades

y porcentaje de grasa (Carter). Se obtuvo el correspondiente consentimiento informado del

deportista y se utilizó el análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) para la comparación entre los grupos (p

< 0.05). Los resultados muestran que a medida que disminuye la categoría profesional los jugadores

tienen un mayor acumulo de tejido adiposo corporal, que se manifiesta en un mayor porcentaje

de grasa corporal, indicando una tendencia a aumentar su depósito en las extremidades respecto

al tronco. La preparación deportiva y la exigencia física son directamente proporcionales a la

categoría profesional, con tendencia a un aumento del depósito graso en las extremidades en las

divisiones no profesionales.
Relación entre la fuerza horizontal ejercida contra los tacos, previa a una salida de velocidad, sobre el tiempo de movimiento y la velocidad
Authors: Gutiérrez Dávila Marcos , Campos Granell José , Bilbao Guerrero A. , Oña Sicilia A.
Published: August 2020

En el presente estudio se relaciona la fuerza horizontal ejercida contra los tacos durante el

tiempo comprendido entre la señal de listos y el disparo de salida (preperíodo) con el tiempo de

movimiento (TM) y la velocidad horizontal en el instante del despegue del pie adelantado de los

tacos (vX(CG)) así como establecer su posible influencia sobre la posición adoptada durante el

preperíodo y la existencia de un contramovimiento de los músculos relacionados con la extensión

de la rodilla y la flexión plantar del pié.

Se han analizado 48 salidas de velocidad, utilizando para ello una plataforma de fuerza a 400

Hz, fotogrametría bidimensional de alta velocidad (tecnología de vídeo a 250 Hz,) y un generador

de señales aleatorio que controlaba la secuencia que debían de tener las indicaciones de listos y el

disparo de salida, todos estos sistemas sincronizados temporalmente. Los resultados ponen de

manifiesto que cuando se incrementa la tensión inicial tiende a incrementarse la velocidad de

salida del CG (vX(CG)), aunque no parece tener efecto sobre el tiempo de movimiento (TM), confirmándose

también la existencia de un contramovimiento en los músculos relacionados con la flexión

plantar del pié más retrasado, mientras que en el tobillo más adelantado y en las dos rodillas no

parece existir.