bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hrosvita de Gandersheim: Dulcitius, ejemplo de tradición hagiográfica y argumentativa
Authors: Campos Vargas Henry
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo muestra cómo las acta de los mártires y Terencio han podido influir en el drama Dulcicio de Hrosvita de Gandersheim. Se destacan los cambios e innovaciones introducidos por Hrosvita. Además, se examina su argumentación como un tipo de tradición en la literatura hagiográfica. Al final del artículo, se ofrece una traducción de este drama del latín al español.
PENILAIAN KESEHATAN BMT AT-TAQWA MUHAMMADIYAH SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: LUBIS M. ZAKY MUBARAK , YATMA BAYU ANDRI
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the health level of BMT At-Taqwa Muhammadiyah West Sumatra in 2014-2016 based on the regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of RI No.07 / per / Dep.6 / IV / 2016 concerning aspects of capital, productive asset quality, efficiency , liquidity and compliance with sharia principles. This research type is descriptive evaluation research. The subject of the study was the At-Taqwa Muhammadiyah West Sumatra BMT which became the object of evaluation was the health of BMT At-Taqwa Muhammadiyah West Sumatra. The data analysis technique in this study used descriptive analysis research. In this study data was collected through documentation and interview methods. The results showed that the health level of BMT At-Taqwa Muhammadiyah West Sumatra in 2014-2016 with details: (1) capital aspects in the ratio of own capital to total assets in 2014 were unhealthy criteria, 2015 to 2016 criteria were quite healthy, on the CAR ratio 2014 to 2016 with healthy criteria. (2) earning asset quality aspects on the ratio of problematic receivables and financing to 2014-2015 healthy criteria and 2016 unhealthy criteria, in the 2014-2016 earning assets elimination ratio with unhealthy criteria. (3) efficiency aspects on the ratio of operational financing to gross participation in 2014 and 2016 unhealthy criteria and in 2015 the criteria were quite healthy, in 2014-2016 fixed assets and total assets ratios the criteria were healthy, in the service efficiency ratio of 2014-2016 the criteria were not healthy. (4) the liquidity aspect in the cash ratio in 2014 and 2016 the criteria are not healthy and in 2015 the criteria were unhealthy, the ratio of funding to funds received in the year 2014-2016 was not healthy. (5) compliance with sharia principles in 2014-2016 is critically sound.
PENGARUH E-COMMERCE TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: HELMALIA HELMALIA , AFRINAWATI AFRINAWATI
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of e-commerce on increasing revenue of BNI-assisted MSMEs in Padang City. The object of the research is MSMEs in Padang City, West Sumatra. The formulation of the research problem is: how is the influence of e-commerce on increasing the income of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Padang City. The research hypothesis is: E-Commerce has a significant influence on increasing the income of MSMEs. The research approach is quantitative. The study population was 108 MSME units. The number of research samples was 52 MSMEs. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis uses simple linear regression. The results of the study found: e-commerce has a significant effect on increasing revenue of MSMEs.
The Scottish ideal: Lay education and training in the Church of Scotland
Authors: Fraser Liam Jerrold
Published: December 2019

This article argues that in the face of an unprecedented crisis in ministry and mission in the Church of Scotland decisive action is needed in the area of the education and training of its lay members. It examines how the church’s theological and cultural heritage shaped a negative attitude towards lay leadership, and reviews attempts at reform in recent years as well as proposals regarding education and training contained in the Kirk’s current Radical Action Plan.
Socio-Cultural Background of Technological Development of Russia and Choice of Its Priorities
Authors: Lebedev Konstantin , Marchuk Alina
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this article is to further confirm the author’s concept of supporting industries from the socio-cultural characteristics of the country on the facts of the history of the Russian national economy and its use for the formation of proposals for the choice of technological priorities of Russia. X–Y-theory of S.G. Kirdina explains the formation of sectoral priorities under the influence of socio-cultural characteristics of the country by the preference of forms of production organization used in industries – collective and monopoly ones in societies of “Eastern” (X) type, which include Russia, private and competitive ones in societies of “Western” (Y) type. However, this mechanism does not explain many phenomena of industry dynamics in Russia. At the same time, socio-cultural features of the country are not taken into account when forming the priorities of its technological development. The article provides an additional confirmation of the author’s concept of supporting industries from the socio-cultural characteristics of the country, based on the preference by X-societies of industries producing products of collective use or destination, and by Y-societies – of industries producing products of individual use or destination. The paper shows that, based on the proposed concept of industry preferences, industries traditionally considered as unpromising for successful development in Russia (road and passenger aircrafts construction) in fact correspond to the industry socio-cultural preferences of the Russian people. The author proposes to include aircraft construction, shipbuilding, construction and education, mainly producing products for collective use and purpose, in the Russia’s priorities of technological development.
Increasing the Efficiency of Procurement Processes as a Result of Implementing Category Management
Authors: Kirillova Oksana , Lantsova Olga
Published: December 2019

The contract system requires the development and adoption of management decisions to improve and optimize in order to increase the efficiency of budget expenditures at all different levels and stimulate the development of the real sector of economics. The subject of the study is the innovative approach based on the introduction of management by category. The article substantiates the need and shows the advantages of introducing category management in the procurement system of companies, describes its methodology, shows the process of developing and implementing the category strategy, including the following main stages: planning needs for the subject of procurement with the allocation of the category; forming a document with basic data; market analysis; strategy development, its implementation and monitoring; approaches to calculating the expected and actual effect of implementing this strategy; results of approbation of the management approach to the categories on the example of centralized procurement of vehicles. Restructuring the management system from the standpoint of category management is the most relevant for large companies with an extensive regional network and a large number of internal customers of goods, works and services.
Phenomenon of Technological Unemployment: Inevitability of Transformation of Socio-Economic Relations
Authors: Berberov Azamat
Published: December 2019

This article is aimed at studying the prospects for the development of social and economic relations in the context of forming digital economy and potential growth of technological unemployment. To achieve this goal, the article provides a retrospective analysis of works of various representatives of domestic and foreign economic schools, as well as proposals of the International Labor Organization and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Judging by the results of the first part of the study, international institutions attempt to improve social and economic relations in a coordinated manner due to the fact that the rapid development of digital economy can have ambiguous consequences. However, the analysis shows that such actions are likely to be ineffective because of the unique characteristics of states. The second part of the study is aimed at studying the role and position of the Russian Federation in this process. For this purpose, the author carries out a chronological analysis of social and labor relations starting with the period of the Russian Empire and ending with modern Russia in the context of the phenomenon of technological unemployment. The results of the primary research indicate that, due to the unique socio-economic characteristics, technological unemployment was not a dominant feature of the Russian reality. However, a more detailed analysis based on specific empirical data allows us to identify the facts of technological displacement of the labor force, as well as describe the level of social and labor relations in the Russian Empire in the pre-revolutionary period. Based on the results obtained in the first and second parts of the study the author tries to give an objective description of the peculiarities of social and labor relations in the modern Russian Federation in the context of the potential growth of technological unemployment. The current economic picture points to the high risks of technological unemployment in the Russian Federation and updates the adoption of urgent measures to design improved social and labor relations in the Russian Federation.
Safety-Net Care for Maintenance Dialysis in the United States
Authors: Erickson Kevin F. , Shen Jenny I. , Zhao Bo , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Chertow Glenn M. , Ho Vivian , Bhattacharya Jay
Published: December 2019

Significance Statement

Information about where patients in the United States with limited health insurance coverage receive maintenance dialysis has been lacking. The authors identified patients who were “safety-net reliant”—those who were uninsured and who did not qualify for Medicare had only Medicaid coverage—and found the proportion of patients <65 years initiating dialysis who were safety net–reliant increased between 2008 and 2015 from 11% to 14%. Although 73% of patients who were safety-net reliant received care at for-profit/chain-owned facilities, they were 30% more likely to start dialysis at nonprofit/independently owned (often hospital-affiliated) facilities compared with other facility ownership types—an association most pronounced among patients without insurance. Ongoing loss of market share of nonprofit/independently owned and hospital-based facilities may affect access to outpatient dialysis care for populations with limited health insurance coverage.

Background

Although most American patients with ESKD become eligible for Medicare by their fourth month of dialysis, some never do. Information about where patients with limited health insurance receive maintenance dialysis has been lacking.

Methods

We identified patients initiating maintenance dialysis (2008–2015) from the US Renal Data System, defining patients as “safety-net reliant” if they were uninsured or had only Medicaid coverage at dialysis onset and had not qualified for Medicare by the fourth dialysis month. We examined four dialysis facility ownership categories according to for-profit/nonprofit status and ownership (chain versus independent). We assessed whether patients who were safety-net reliant were more likely to initiate dialysis at certain facility types. We also examined hospital-based affiliation.

Results

The proportion of patients <65 years initiating dialysis who were safety-net reliant increased significantly over time, from 11% to 14%; 73% of such patients started dialysis at for-profit/chain-owned facilities compared to 76% of all patients starting dialysis. Patients who were safety-net reliant had a 30% higher relative risk of initiating dialysis at nonprofit/independently owned versus for-profit/independently owned facilities (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.36); they had slightly lower relative risks of initiating dialysis at for-profit and non-profit chain-owned facilities, and were more likely to receive dialysis at hospital-based facilities. These findings primarily reflect increased likelihood of dialysis among patients without insurance at certain facility types.

Conclusions

Although most patients who were safety-net reliant received care at for-profit/chain-owned facilities, they were disproportionately cared for at nonprofit/independently owned and hospital-based facilities. Ongoing loss of market share of nonprofit/independently owned outpatient dialysis facilities may affect safety net–reliant populations.
Síndromes de dispersión de semillas en comunidades de bosque mesófilo de montaña, en la región centro de Veracruz, México
Authors: Velázquez-Escamilla Tania Lizbeth , Díaz-Castelazo Cecilia , Ruiz-Guerra Betsabé , Velázquez-Rosas Noé
Published: December 2019

Antecedentes: Los síndromes de dispersión permiten obtener patrones de dispersores potenciales entre comunidades, ambientes y taxones contrastantes, ayudan a entender su influencia en la composición, estructura y dinámica de las comunidades vegetales. Esta información es limitada en bosques mesófilos de montaña. Preguntas: ¿Cómo se modifica la frecuencia de los síndromes de dispersión en función de la composición de especies leñosas y estratos de las comunidades vegetales? ¿Los síndromes de dispersión son útiles para describir los dispersores potenciales en el bosque mesófilo de montaña? Sitios de estudio y periodo de investigación: El estudio fue realizado en tres comunidades de bosque mesófilo de montaña, en el centro de Veracruz (2014). Métodos: Se determinaron los síndromes de dispersión de 64 especies en los tres sitios de estudio, utilizando características morfológicas de las diásporas y apoyo bibliográfico. Se comparó la frecuencia de los síndromes entre comunidades y estratos (sotobosque y dosel). Resultados:  Las frecuencias de los síndromes de dispersión no cambiaron entre comunidades, pero sí al interior de cada comunidad. La ornitocoria fue el síndrome más relevante, su importancia cambia con la densidad de las plantas y entre estratos. Con ayuda de información bibliográfica se encontró que 75% de las plantas identificadas con síndrome ornitócoro son dispersadas por aves. Conclusión: La ornitocoria fue el síndrome más frecuente, su importancia se modifica en función composición, abundancia de las especies y estratos de la comunidad. Es necesario explorar la influencia de las aves en los patrones de distribución y reclutamiento de las plantas de estos bosques.
Variación de caracteres epidérmico-foliares de Agave salmiana subsp. salmiana (Asparagaceae) en el centro de México
Authors: Chávez-Güitrón Lorena , Salinas-Pérez Florencia del C. , Pérez-Salinas Edgar A. , Caballero Javier , Vallejo-Zamora Alejandro , Sandoval-Zapotitla Estela
Published: December 2019

Antecedentes: Agave salmiana tiene dos subespecies con gran variación morfológica. Agave salmiana subsp. salmiana es nativa de zonas áridas del centro y sur de México, con importancia alimenticia, cultural y económica, pero se desconoce el nivel de variación fenotípica de sus caracteres epidérmicos.
Pregunta: ¿Cuál es el grado de variación anatómica intra e interpoblacional en los caracteres epidérmicos, particularmente en el margen, la región intermedia y la vena media de la hoja?
Métodos: Se compararon muestras de epidermis, de tres regiones de las hojas, de cinco individuos de tres localidades del Estado de México. Se montaron como preparaciones semipermanentes; se compararon estadísticamente catorce parámetros en los tres niveles asignados.
Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las regiones de la hoja en 57 %; mientras que entre individuos de cada localidad hay 21, 36 y 71 % respectivamente, y entre localidades 71 %. El intervalo de plasticidad fenotípica va de 14 a 100 %, la menor entre las regiones de las hojas y la mayor en la localidad de Teotihuacán. Se infiere la relación de esta variación con la procedencia de las plantas. Los análisis multivariados evidencian que seis caracteres epidérmicos distinguen significativamente a los individuos de las tres localidades, particularmente a los de Tecámac.
Conclusión: La variación en los caracteres epidérmicos es significativa a nivel intra e interpoblacional.  Excepto entre las tres regiones de la hoja, la plasticidad fenotípica es alta entre los individuos de cada localidad y entre las tres localidades.
Situación actual de la vegetación de la Sierra de Zapalinamé, Coahuila, México
Authors: Encina-Domínguez Juan Antonio , Villarreal-Quintanilla José Angel , Estrada-Castillón Eduardo , Rueda-Moreno Omar
Published: December 2019

Antecedentes: La sierra de Zapalinamé se localiza en la zona de transición entre la Sierra Madre Oriental y la Altiplanicie, donde convergen bosques de clima templado y matorral xerófilo. Pregunta: ¿Cuantos tipos de vegetación se presentan en la Sierra de Zapalinamé? ¿Cuales son los agentes de cambio de la vegetación entre los años 1998 - 2017? Especies de estudio y descripción de datos: Angiospermas, Gimnospermas y helechos. Sitio de estudio y año de estudio: Estudio realizado en la Sierra de Zapalinamé, Área Natural Protegida, ubicada en el sureste de Coahuila (agosto de 2015 hasta octubre de 2017). Métodos: Con el uso de herramientas SIG se desarrolló un mapa de uso de suelo y vegetación. Se realizaron recorridos de campo para ubicar sitios de verificación para detallar el mapa. Resultados: Se presentan 11 comunidades vegetales, las que tienen mayor superficie son: chaparral montano con 13,253.09 ha, que representa 30.22 % y bosque de pino piñonero con 25.31 % del área. En cañones con humedad se establece bosque de encino que ocupa 1.58 % y en sitios con mayor altitud se encuentra bosque de oyamel con 0.94 %. Se encontró una reducción en la superficie del bosque de pino en 69.2 %, mientras que los asentamientos humanos se incrementaron 78 %. Conclusiones: Los incendios forestales han disminuido la superficie de las comunidades boscosas y han sido reemplazadas por chaparral montano. El zacatal y la vegetación riparia son las comunidades más vulnerables a desaparecer del macizo montañoso debido a la presión por actividades antropogénicas.
Exploring plant root-fungal interactions in a neotropical freshwater wetland
Authors: Santillán-Manjarrez Jazmín , Solis-Hernández A. Penelope , Castilla-Hernández Patricia , Maldonado-Mendoza Ignacio E. , Vela-Correa Gilberto , Chimal-Hernández Aurora , Hernández-Díaz Claudia , Signoret-Poillon Martha , Van Tuinen Diederik , Rivera-Becerril Facundo
Published: December 2019

Background: Wetlands in Neotropics harbor high fungal diversity, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE). This study describes the interaction of plant roots with AMF and DSE in a freshwater wetland belonging to a hotspot of biodiversity.

Hypothesis: Differential root colonization between arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungi is influenced by plant species and abiotic conditions in a freshwater wetland.  

Studied species: Plant species colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungi.

Methods: Properties of soils and the water column, floristic composition, root colonization by AMF and DSE, and molecular identification of AMF inside roots were studied.

Results: Soils were Gleysol and flooded during the rainy season. Most of identified plant species were herbaceous, with Cyperus articulatus and Mimosa pigra as the dominant species. Seven of 8 analyzed plant species exhibited differential co-colonization between AMF and DSE. Repeated sampling for one year under flooding/dry conditions demonstrated that C. articulatus and M. pigra were mainly associated with DSE and AMF, respectively. A positive correlation between dissolved O2 in the water column and fungal colonization was observed in C. articulatus . Glomerales and Archaeosporales were molecularly identified inside roots containing arbuscules of M. pigra .

Conclusions: Findings highlight differential coexistence between AMF and DSE in plant roots; fungal colonization was influenced by flooding/dry conditions in a neotropical wetland; the community of AMF inside arbusculated roots of M. pigra includes at least four clades.
Actividad cambial y cribo-xilogenesis de tres especies en un gradiente altitudinal en la Sierra Nevada, México
Authors: Jiménez-Noriega Mayte Stefany , López-mata Lauro , Aguilar-Rodríguez Silvia , Terrazas Teresa
Published: December 2019

Antecedentes: Xilema y floema secundarios son derivados del cambium vascular y su dinámica (cribo-xilogénesis) se ha estudiado en coníferas y dicotiledóneas que crecen en un mismo sitio. Estudios que evalúen la cribo-xilogénesis en especies de amplia distribución altitudinal y con diferentes formas de vida son escasos.
Pregunta: ¿existen diferencias en la actividad cambial y cribo-xilogénesis entre especies con distintas formas de vida y distribución diferencial en un gradiente altitudinal?
Especies de estudio: Alchemilla procumbens , Acaena elongata y Ribes ciliatum .
Sitio de estudio y fechas: Cerro Tláloc, Sierra Nevada, Estado de México, México, de 2015 a 2017.
Métodos: Se recolectaron ramas durante 24 meses por especie por sitio y los tejidos se procesaron a través de la técnica de inclusión en metilcrilato.
Resultados: Las tres especies pueden diferenciar el floema antes que el xilema, ser simultánea en ambos tejidos ( Alchemilla ) o el floema ser no conductor antes de finalizar la xilogénesis ( Acaena ). Los periodos de actividad cambial y de cribo-xilogénesis fueron más largos (17 semanas) en Acaena (hemicriptófita) y Ribes (fanerófita), mientras que en Alchemilla (criptófita) fueron más cortos pero intermitentes a lo largo del año y ambos se redujeron aún más con el incremento en la altitud.
Conclusiones: La actividad cambial y la xilogénesis entre individuos de diferentes altitudes sugieren que ambos son plásticos y que responden a factores ambientales de cada sitio. En las tres especies, la cribogénesis es menos variable que la xilogénesis como se ha registrado en otras especies. La respuesta rápida de cambium vascular en Alchemilla sugiere que aprovecha los pulsos de factores ambientales beneficiosos para la cribo-xilogénesis.
Montaj hatlarında üretim oranını en büyüklemek için petri ağı tabanlı bir algoritma
Authors: KILINÇCI Özcan
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada,  basit montaj hattı dengeleme probleminin
ikinci tipi (BMHDP-2) için Petri ağı tabanlı yeni bir sezgisel önerilmiştir.
Önerilen sezgisel, Petri ağının tetikleme kuralı, işaret hareketi ve işaret
dağılımı gibi özelliklerini kullanarak bir görev sırası oluşturur. Bu görev
sırası bir öncelik kuralı gibi kullanılarak, görevler iş istasyonlarına geriye
doğru yöntemi ile atanır. Sezgisel iki aşamalı bir algoritmadır; ilk aşamada
olurlu bir çözüm bulunur, ikinci aşamada da bulunan bu olurlu çözüm ikili arama
prosedürü ile iyileştirilir. Önerilen sezgisel algoritma ile literatürde
bilinen öncelik kuralları, diğer Petri ağı tabanlı algoritmalar, diferansiyel
evrim algoritmaları ve genetik algoritmaları arasında karşılaştırmalar
sunulmuştur. Sonuçlar, sunulan Petri ağı tabanlı algoritmanın BMHDP-2 çözümü
için etkin olduğunu göstermektedir
Dalgacık dönüşümü ve makine öğrenme teknikleri kullanılarak FTIR sinyallerinden kolon kanseri hastaları ve sağlıklı kişileri sınıflandırmak için yeni bir yöntem
Authors: TORAMAN Suat , TÜRKOĞLU İbrahim
Published: December 2019

Fourier Dönüşümü
Kızılötesi (FTIR – Fourier Transform Infrared) spektroskopisi, kimyasal
değişimleri saptayabilme kabiliyetinden dolayı kan örneklerinden kanseri
tespiti çalışmalarında kullanılmaktadır. Hastaların ve sağlıklı kişilerin FTIR
sinyalini ayırt etmeye yönelik çalışmalardaki en büyük zorluk, FTIR
sinyallerinde açık bir spektral farkın olmamasıdır. Daha önceki çalışmalarda,
bu zorluğun üstesinden gelmek için kan örneklerinin kurutulup, daha sonra FTIR
ölçümü sonucu elde edilen sinyalindeki pik değerleri veya pik oranları kullanılmıştır.
Önerilen yöntemde ise, literatürden farklı olarak, plazma örnekleri
kurutulmadan sıvı halde ölçülmüş ve elde edilen FTIR sinyali bir bütün olarak
incelenmiştir. Her bir FTIR sinyali, dalgacık dönüşümü kullanılarak alt
bantlara ayrıştırılmıştır. Kolon kanseri hastaları ve sağlıklı kişiler, FTIR
sinyalinin alt bantlardan çıkarılan özellikler kullanılarak
sınıflandırılmıştır. Sınıflandırma işlemi için Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA), Destek
Vektör Makineleri (DVM) ve k-En Yakın Komşu (k-NN) algoritmaları kullanılmıştır.
Kolon kanseri hastaları ve sağlıklı kişiler DVM ile %97,14 doğrulukla
sınıflandırılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar, önerilen yöntemin, kolon kanseri
hastalarını ve sağlıklı bireyleri ayırt etmede faydalı bir yöntem olabileceğini
göstermektedir.
Optik Strut Morfometrisi: Radyoanatomik Çalışma
Authors: ÖZALP Hakan , TEN Barış , BEGER Orhan , TAGHİPOUR Pourya , ÇAKIR Salim , ÖZDEMİR Deniz Ladin , MÜDÜROĞLU Fatma , HAMZAOĞLU Vural , DAĞTEKİN Ahmet , TALAS Derya Ümit
Published: December 2019

Amaç:
Bu
radioanatomik çalışmada, optik sinir cerrahisi açısından önemli bir referans
noktası olması nedeni ile optik strut’ın morfometrik özellikleri ile ilgili
veri elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal-Metot: Tıp
Fakültesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalı envanterinde bulunan 7 adet erişkin insan kuru
kafatası bu çalışmaya dahil edildi. Direkt anatomik ölçümler dijital kumpas ve
radyolojik ölçümler bilgisayarlı tomografi yardımı ile elde edildi.
Prekiyazmatik sulkusa göre optik strut’ın konumu değerlendirildi.   Bulgular: Direkt anatomik ölçümlerde optik strut’ın uzunluğu
ve genişliği 4.53±0.74 mm ve 4.83±1.34 mm olarak bulundu.
Bilgisayarlı tomografide ise optik strut’ın uzunluk ve genişliği 4.13±1.27 mm
ve 4.31±0.82 mm olarak tespit edildi. Direkt anatomik ölçüm ve bilgisayarlı
tomografide iki strut arası mesafe 16.83±2.56 mm ve 15.91±1.81 mm olarak
bulundu. Bilgisayarlı tomografi ve direkt anatomik değerlendirmede optik
strut’ın 4 kuru kafada sulkal, 2 kuru kafada postsulkal ve 1 kuru kafada
asimetrik olduğu belirlendi.

Sonuç: Optik strut’ın cerrahlar açısından bir referans noktası olması ve
anteriyor klinoid proses rezeksiyonu sırasında hasarlanabileceği dikkate
alındığında, sayısal verilerimiz optik sinir çevresinde yapılan cerrahi
müdahaleler sırasında faydalı olabilir.
KML VE KML LÖSEMİK KÖK HÜCRESİ ARASINDA MİKRORNA EKSPRESYON DEĞİŞİMLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: PEHLİVAN Melek , SOYÖZ Mustafa , KARAHAN ÇÖVEN Hatice İlayhan , ÇERÇİ Burcu , KILIÇASLAN AYNA Tülay , ATEŞ Halil , YÜCE Zeynep , SERCAN Hakkı Ogün
Published: December 2019

Amaç:
Kronik Miyeloid Lösemi (KML), hematopoetik kök hücreden (HKH) köken alan miyeloproliferatif
bir hastalıktır. MikroRNA'lar, transkripsiyon
sonrası gen ekspresyonunu düzenlenleyen küçük kodlamayan RNA’lardır. miRNA’lar KML’nin progresyonunda,  lösemik kök hücre büyümesi ve tirozin kinaz
inhibitörü (TKİ) direncinin gelişmesinde hücre homeostazisini
etkilemektedirler. Bu çalışmada KML lösemik hücresi ve KML lösemik kök hücresi
(LKH) arasında değişen miRNA ekspresyon profillerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç
ve yöntem: KML hücre hattı olan K562 hücrelerinden,
manyetik hücre ayrımlama (MACS) yöntemi kullanılarak
CD34+CD38- lösemik kök hücreleri ayrımlanmıştır.
Ayrımlanan LKH’lerin saflığının %85-92 arasında olduğu akım sitometri yöntemi
ile gösterilmiştir. K562 ve K562 LKH’leri arasında, gerçek zamanlı kantitatif
PCR ile kanser kök hücre ilişkili 84 adet miRNA’nın ekspresyon değişimleri
incelenmiştir.

Bulgular:
K562 ve K562 LKH’leri arasında, kök hücre ilişkili olduğu bilinen 84 adet miRNA’dan 7’sinin anlamlı
düzeyde değiştiğini gözledik (P<0,05). 
K562 LKH’lerinde hsa-miR-29b-3p’nin ekspresyon düzeylerinde artış izlenirken; hsa-miR-320d,  hsa-miR-96-5p,
hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-181b-5p hsa-miR-423-5p’da azalma olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Sonuç
: KML lösemik hücreleri ile KML LKH’leri arasında proliferasyon,
eritroid farklılaşma, kendi kendini yenileme ve apoptoz sürecinde rol alan
miRNA’lar ve hedef genlerinin ekspresyonlarındaki
değişim, hastalığın ilerlemesinde
miRNA’larında rol oynayabileceğini
göstermektedir. Bu nedenle KML LKH’lerine
özgü miRNA’ların hastalığın
progresyonunun ve TKI direncinin önlenmesi
için yeni terapötik stratejilerin geliştirilmesinde hedef
moleküller olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of gastric emptying and motility in rats v1
Authors: Lu Kun-Han , Liu Zhongming , Cao Jaiyue
Published: December 2019

Briefly, a gadolinium‐based contrast agent was mixed with the animal’s meal in order for chyme to appear “bright” in MRI scans, thereby delineating the gastric and intestinal volume. A multi‐slice MRI sequence was used to scan the GI volume with high spatial resolution, and a similar sequence with a smaller spatial coverage was used to scan antral contractions with high temporal resolution. Measurements of gastric functions and physiology included the overall change in GI volume, gastric emptying, forestomach volume, corpus volume, antral volume, antral contraction frequency, antral peristaltic wave velocity, antral contraction amplitude, pyloric opening size, intestinal filling and, indirectly, absorption.
Türkiye’deki Öğrencilerin Matematik Dersine Yönelik Tutumları ile Matematik Başarıları Arasındaki İlişki: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması
Authors: CANTÜRK GÜNHAN Berna , Topuz Faden , Bedir Duygu
Published: December 2019

Bu
araştırmada, matematik dersine yönelik tutumu ile matematik başarısı arasındaki
ilişkiyi inceleyen araştırmalarının sonuçlarının meta-analiz yöntemi ile
sentezlenerek yeni araştırmalar için daha kapsamlı sonuç ortaya çıkarmak
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada Türkiye’de yapılmış matematik dersine yönelik tutum ile
matematik başarısı arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen araştırmalar “YÖK Ulusal Tez
Merkezi”, “Ulakbim” ve “Google Scholar” veri tabanlarında taranmıştır.
2003-2017 yılları arasında yayımlanmış 19 araştırma meta-analize dahil edilerek
toplam 7682 kişilik örneklem grubundan elde edilen veriler sentezlenmiştir.
Analiz sonucunda matematik dersine yönelik tutumu ile matematik başarısı
arasında rassal etkiler modeline göre bulunan etki büyüklüğünün (r=.327) pozitif
yönde ve orta düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada, öğrenim
kademesi ile yayım türüne göre karşılaştırmalı etki büyüklükleri de
hesaplanmıştır. Öğrenim kademesi için yapılan moderatör analizleri sonucunda,
ortaokul (r=.345) ve lise (r=.419) kademesinde yapılan araştırmalarda matematik
başarısı ve tutumu arasındaki ilişkinin pozitif yönde, orta düzeyde ve anlamlı
olduğu, üniversite (r=-.028) kademesindeki ilişkinin ise negatif yönde, zayıf
düzeyde ve anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Yayım türüne göre ise anlamlı bir
farklılaşma bulunmamıştır.
Welfare beyond Borders: Filipino Transnational Families’ Informal Social Protection Strategies
Authors: Saksela-Bergholm Sanna
Published: December 2019

Remittances and caregiving arrangements are among the most significant practices of informal social protection against social risks and exclusion among transnational families. This article argues that remittances can provide social protection in cases where formal welfare services do not reach the citizens properly. Furthermore, it illustrates how members of Filipino transnational families can create sustainable informal social protection and utilise it long-term. The transnational practices are analysed to show how migrant capital, particularly the intersection of economic and social capital (Bourdieu, 1986), is transferred to informal social protection through meaningful reciprocity between the senders and recipients of remittances. Successful allocation of remittances and negotiation of care arrangements depend on the realisation of reciprocity and its social context, such as life circumstances, moral obligations and migrants’ personal goals for migration. The data draw on observations and 41 qualitative interviews conducted both in Finland and in the Philippines.
Nordic Ties and British Lives? Migrant Capital and the Case of Nordic Migrants Living in London
Authors: Koikkalainen Saara
Published: December 2019

As a hub of finance, art, design and science, the city of London has long attracted migrants interested in study and career opportunities or simply excited about living in an open, global city. Over the last few decades, it has also been a key migration destination for Europeans originating from the Nordic countries. Based on survey data gathered through an online questionnaire, this article focuses on Nordic migrants currently living in London. Since the June 2016 referendum, the Brexit process has forced these voluntary and rather privileged migrants to question their inclusion in British society. This article discusses the role of migrant capital, i.e., the skills and resources created as a result of migration, at a time of uncertainty brought on by Brexit. It examines how these migrants see their position within the social hierarchy of the city and its job market, as well as within the local and transnational networks they maintain to their countries of origin. Their Nordic background is valuable thanks to the cultural capital embodied in their habitus as well as the social capital available via the Nordic networks in UK and transnationally.
Syrian Refugee Entrepreneurship in Turkey: Integration and the Use of Immigrant Capital in the Informal Economy
Authors: Atasü-Topcuoğlu Reyhan
Published: December 2019

This study focuses on small-scale entrepreneurship of Syrian refugees in Turkey. It analyses in a Bourdieusian way how they utilize cultural, social, economic and symbolic capital, and reveals their start-up and sustainability strategies. It is based on 24 in-depth interviews with Syrian small entrepreneurs who started up new businesses after 2011, in Istanbul, Gaziantep, and Hatay. It describes the entrepreneurial opportunity structure and the significance of the informal economy and analyses Syrians’ utilization of various forms of capital in small entrepreneurship and relations to integration. The main finding indicates that the informal economy—as the main site of such entrepreneurship—eases the start-up process but limits on-going business and integration.
Migrant Capital as a Resource for Migrant Communities
Authors: Saksela-Bergholm Sanna , Toivanen Mari , Wahlbeck Östen
Published: December 2019

This thematic issue explores the processes and dynamics involved in how different forms of migrant capital are employed and how these relate to processes of social inclusion. Leaning on a Bourdieusian approach, we wish to move beyond existing descriptive studies and theorise the role migration plays in the accumulation, conversion and utilisation of various forms of capital by migrant communities and their members. The articles demonstrate how migrant capital can function as a resource created by migrants during the migration process, or as an outcome of it, and are potentially available to their family members. The articles illustrate via case studies from different national contexts how transnational migrants or members of migrant communities create, accumulate and employ diverse forms of capital in their efforts to achieve inclusion in destination and sending societies.
METHODS AND MEANS OF ENSURING THE NOISE IMMUNITY OF TRANSMISSION IN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Authors: Khmelnitsky Yu. , Kablukov O. , Riaba L. , Solodeeva L. , Solodeeva L.
Published: December 2019

In the article the analysis of methods and means of ensuring the noise immunity transmission in telecommunication networks that use technologies in real time to ensure quality, valid and reliable data transmission under conditions of interference. For telecommunication networks the problem of optimal quality reception of information is to use the properties of the useful signal, interference, and transmission channel to increase the probability of correct reception. To increase the probability of correct reception needs to be pre-processed received signal that increases the signal interference. Transmission channels that use technologies that allow real-time to ensure quality, valid and reliable data transmission under conditions of interference provide better instruction indicators reliable transmission of information is carried out through the use of the necessary coding. During transmission on such channels, there are many difficulties associated with the impact of natural, industrial, intentional and unintentional interference. All methods of a noise stability in General lead to temporal and hardware redundancy as part of the source of information and of the addressee. Examine noise immunity of TCN as ability of the system to counteract to the hindrances, then it is necessary to know, what to counteract and on what to counteract, for a fight against hindrances a priori information is needed about properties of transmitter of information and about hindrances. Knowing all these properties of the signal and noise, it is possible to establish certain differences between them and use them to develop ways, means and methods to provide noise immunity. The aim of this article is realization of analysis of methods and backer-ups of interference immunity information transfer in TCNS, which will allow real-time to guarantee the quality, reliable and reliable transmission of the hindrances given in the conditions of influence. Unlike distortions hindrances carry casual character. They in are good time unknown and that is why cannot be fully removed. Knowledge of methods and facilities of construction of modern channels of transmission TCN in the conditions of action of hindrances, will allow building the reliable channels of information transfer for such networks.
Apresentação
Authors: Jeha Julio , Nascimento Lyslei , Arbex Marcia , Alexandre Marcos Antônio
Published: December 2019

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Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi uygulamasındaki sonuçlarımız: 58 olgunun değerlendirilmesi
Authors: COŞKUN Orhan
Published: December 2019

Giriş ve Amaç: Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi uzun süreli enteral nütrisyona gereksinim duyan hastalarda beslenme için tercih edilen yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi uygulanan hastalarımızdaki kısa ve uzun dönem sonuçlarımızı araştırdık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Haziran 2017-Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz endoskopi ünitesinde perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi uygulanan hastalar ile yapıldı. Hastaların perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi endikasyonları, işlem detayları, takip süreleri ve gelişen komplikasyonlar retrospektif olarak hasta dosyalarından kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 58 hastanın 34’ü (%58.6) erkek, 24’ü ise (%41.4) kadındı. Hastaların ortalama yaşları 68.4 yıl idi (18-94). Üç hasta dışındaki 55 hastaya perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi başarıyla uygulandı (%94.8). En sık perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi yerleştirme endikasyonu nörolojik hastalıklardı (%84.4). Diğer endikasyonlar ise multitravma, malignite ve septisemiydi. Larenks kanseri nedeniyle total larenjektomili bir hastada özofagus darlığı nedeniyle balon dilatasyonu yapıldıktan sonra perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi yerleştirildi. Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi prosedürüne bağlı olarak 4 hastada minör komplikasyonlar gözlendi (%7.3). Mortalite dahil hiçbir hastada majör komplikasyon görülmedi. Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi prosedürü sonrası bir aylık dönem içinde 5 hastada (%8.6), bir aydan uzun dönemde ise 27 hastada diğer sebeplere bağlı mortalite gelişti (%46.6). Ölen 32 hastanın ortalama takip süresi 82 gün iken (4-355) kalan 23 hastanın ortalama takip süresi ise 279 gün idi (18-657). Sonuç: Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi; beslenme desteğinin enteral olarak sağlanmasında güvenli, gereğinde yatak başında kolayca uygulanabilen, minimal invaziv, iyi tolere edilen ve düşük komplikasyon oranına sahip bir uygulamadır.
Hypoxia enhances self-renewal properties and markers of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yustianingsih Vivi , Sumarawati Titiek , Putra Agung
Published: December 2019

BackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that express CD73, CD90, and CD105 surface markers, but not CD14, CD45, CD34, CD11b, and HLA-DR. MSCs under hypoxic conditions have the essential role of maintaining the stemness capacity by releasing several growth factors into their medium, known as hypoxia conditioned medium (HCM). This study was performed to compare the effect of percentage of HCM to normoxic medium (NM) in increasing MSC proliferation marked by proliferation rate and surface marker expression.MethodsThis study was of post-test only control group design using human umbilical cord-MSCs (hUC-MSCs) as subjects. The HCM treatment group was obtained by culturing MSCs under 5% O2, whereas the NM control group was grown under 20% O2. The hUC-MSCs were divided into 4 groups with different dose ratios of HCM to NM (25%:75%; 50%:50%; 75%:25% for P1, P2 and P3, respectively and 100% of NM for the controls). All of these groups were maintained at 37oC and the data was collected after 72 hours incubation. MSC marker expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105 was analyzed using flow cytometry and MSC proliferation by trypan blue assay. ResultThere were significant differences in MSC marker expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105 and proliferation at all dose ratios of HCM to NM (p<0.05).ConclusionLow oxygen concentration promotes MSC proliferation and stemness thus it might be beneficial for maintaining the MSC physiologic niche in-vitro.
The benefits and physiological changes of high intensity interval training
Authors: Soeria Santoso Dewi Irawati , Boenyamin Hafizh Ahmad
Published: December 2019

Physical inactivity have been linked with many major non-communicable diseases and as many as 27.5% of adults globally are considered inactive. Physical activity has been proven to be beneficial in the prevention of many chronic diseases and may reduce the risk of premature death. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been gaining popularity as a time-efficient alternative for regular exercise training. Current studies show that HIIT is more efficient in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing blood pressure than moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). The advantage of HIIT in fat loss compared to MICT is still unclear, but HIIT might be more efficient in the obese population. The effect of HIIT on increasing aerobic fitness could be caused by increase in stroke volume due to the increase in cardiac contractility, capillary density and mitochondrial adaptation. Fat loss during HIIT could be caused by increased fat oxidation and elevated hormones that drive lipolysis and reduce appetite. While vigorous physical activity may transiently increase the risk of cardiac events. The effect of HIIT on increasing aerobic fitness could be caused by increase in stroke volume due to the increase in cardiac contractility, increased of capillary density and mitochondrial adaptation. While fat loss during HIIT could be caused by an increased fat oxidation, elevated hormones that drives lipolysis and reduces appetite. While vigorous physical activity may transiently increase the risk of cardiac event. High intensity interval training is generally safe even in the elderly population and in people with coronary heart disease.
ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTION FROM DESCRIPTIONS OF EDUCATIONAL COURSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF SMALL DATA
Authors:   Information Technologies Institute, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Klenin J.D. ,   Ugra Research Institute of Information Technologies, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
Published: December 2019

With the constant growth of volumes of available data, their manual processing stops being possible, giving way to various machine learning models. Modern algorithms do a good job of basic tasks, provided that there is a sufficient amount of training data. However, many modern tasks are much more complicated and are highly specialized, which limits the amount of training data available for training, hindering the performance of fully automatic systems. In this paper, an approach to the task of automated fact extraction from the collections of raw text documents adapted for the lack of training data is presented. The integration of rule-based approaches for specific knowledge domains with generalized, domain-independent machine learning models pre-trained on large volumes of data is discussed. The proposed approach based on the active learning methodology, seeks to reduce the expert’s labor costs required for the efficient generation of extractable fact templates without compromising the system’s performance. The paper also demonstrates the application of the proposed method of fact extraction based on the task of the target audience information search from the unstructured raw descriptions of online courses.
Néhány megjegyzés a Sabartoi asphaloi szintagma kérdéséhez
Authors: Senga Toru
Published: December 2019

A Σάβαρτοι ἄσφαλοι kifejezés kétszer fordul elő Bíborbanszületett Kónstantinos De administrando imperio-jában. Ami utólagos alkotóelemét illeti, az az állítás, hogy a bizánci császár a ἀσφαλής többes számot használná a ἄσφαλοι alakban, nem pedig a nyelvtanilag helyes ἀσφαλεῖς, távolról sem valószínű. Azt állítom, hogy a kifejezés kettős elnevezés, mint például a Κουτρίγουροι Οὖννοι vagy Οὖννοι Σάβειροι. A bizánci szentírásírók szerint két etnonimából áll, a sabartoi és az asphaloi. E két népet minden bizonnyal valamilyen etnikai, politikai vagy egyéb rokonság fűzte egymáshoz, a bizánci írástudók pedig ez alapján kapcsolták össze a két nevet, így utólag egyetlen népcsoportra, a magyarokra utaltak. A titokzatos kifejezés ezen értelmezése lehet az első lépés annak tisztázása felé, hogy milyen etnikai csoportok rejtőzhettek a görög ábécében szereplő két név mögött.
Validation of the Interpretative Narrations of the Alternative Tribe (verse 54 sura Ma'edah) with Emphasis on Fakhr-Razi's Perspective
Authors: Ali Bahrami Hamzeh , Seyed Khorasani Razieh Sadat
Published: December 2019

One of the most challenging verses of the Quran is the verse 54 of Sura Ma’edah. This verse is about coming of an alternative nation of apostates. Fakhr-Razi, introducing Abu Bakr as the only example of the verse, considers this verse to be the most compelling reason to prove his righteousness and tries to consolidate his view by other narrations. This descriptive-analytic study, focusing on the Fakhr-Razi’s view, first presents the five general views and arguments of each group regarding alternative tribe, then by validating documents of the traditions based on ‘Ammeh ( Sunni ) sources, proves that their narrational reasons are not authentic. Eventually, it will be proved that the first instance of the verse is Imam Ali (as) and his true companions, and the final example of the verse is Imam Zaman (AS) – may God hasten his reappearance- and his companions.