bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on chirped dark, bright solitons conversion and the effect of intermodal dispersion, self-frequency shift, and self-steepening effect on the chirping of bright, dark, and kink solitary waves
Authors: Sinha Abhijit , Rajowar Chakradhar
Published: June 2023

This study reveals the dynamics of short optical pulses in nonlinear media. Then, for the survival of different types of solitary waves in the nonlinear medium, the constraint relations to the physical parameters and chirps associated with each of the solitary waves are explicitly shown. We authenticate numerically all those obtained from the analytical method and show the chirping effect is saturative in nature and can be managed by changing coefficients of inter-modal dispersion, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and self-steepening effect. We also verify the more operative condition of intermodal dispersion.
A Parameter-Robust Numerical Method Based on Defect-Correction Technique for Parabolic Singular Perturbation Problems with Discontinuous Convection Coefficient and Source
Authors: Choudhary Monika , Kaushik Aditya , Sharma Manju
Published: June 2023

The paper presents a uniformly convergent finite difference method based on the defect correction technique to solve parabolic singular perturbation problems with discontinuous convection coefficient and source. The solution to the problem exhibits interior layer across the discontinuity and demonstrates turning point behavior. The simultaneous presence of perturbation parameters and discontinuity makes the problem stiff. A higher-order method is developed using an implicit difference scheme in time on a uniform mesh and a combination of the upwind difference method and the central difference scheme over an adaptive mesh in space. The method involves iteratively solving increasingly accurate discrete problems by computing and using the defect to correct the approximate solution. Parameter uniform error estimates show uniform convergence of first-order in time and second-order in space. Numerical experiments confirm the accuracy of the proposed scheme and support the theoretical analysis.
General teleparallel metrical geometries
Authors: Adak Muzaffer , Dereli Tekin , Koivisto Tomi S. , Pala Caglar
Published: June 2023

In the conventional formulation of general relativity, gravity is represented by the metric curvature of Riemannian geometry. There are also alternative formulations in flat affine geometries, wherein the gravitational dynamics is instead described by torsion and nonmetricity. These so-called general teleparallel geometries may also have applications in material physics, such as the study of crystal defects. In this work, we explore the general teleparallel geometry in the language of differential forms. We discuss the special cases of metric and symmetric teleparallelisms, clarify the relations between formulations with different gauge fixings and without gauge fixing, and develop a method of recasting Riemannian into teleparallel geometries. As illustrations of the method, exact solutions are presented for the generic quadratic theory in 2, 3 and 4 dimensions.
Nonextensive Gross Pitaevskii Equation
Authors: Maleki Mahnaz , Mohammadzadeh Hosein , Ebadi Zahra
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we consider the generalization of Gross Pitaevskii equation for condensate of bosons with nonextensive statistics. First, we use the non-additive methods and formalism to obtain the well-known Schrödinger equation. Using a suitable Hamiltonian for condensate phase and minimizing the free energy of the system by non-additive formalism, we work out the nonextensive Gross Pitaevskii equation.
The mechanism of novel potential porphyrin photosensitizer mediated phototherapy in SH-SY5Y cell lines and the effect of TMeQ[6] self-assembly in therapy
Authors: Lu Zhouxia , Guo Yan , Wang Conghui , Luo Xuelian , Xiao Song
Published: June 2023

Porphyrin PSs, possessing high photosensitivity and stability, have widespread use in phototherapy. Furthermore, the use of Q[n]s as a carrier for PSs has contributed to enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. In the present study, we synthesized 2TMeQ[6]-TPPPA self-assembled compounds, comprising TMeQ[6] and 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra (4-pyridyl, N-propyl ammonia) porphyrin derivatives (TPPPA) (in a 2:1 ratio), to investigate their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their effect of self-assembly with TMeQ[6] on the efficacy of human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). Our results demonstrate that both TPPPA and 2TMeQ[6]-TPPPA generate substantial amounts of ROS under laser irradiation, which is directly proportional to the duration of illumination. Furthermore, both compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on SH-SY5Y cells, as demonstrated by the MTT assay. Western blotting revealed a marked increase in the expression of Cleaved caspase-3, Cleaved caspase-9, and Bax, and a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2, confirming that caspase-dependent apoptosis is involved in SH-SY5Y cell death induced by TPPPA photodynamic therapy. ROS overproduction plays a crucial role in this process, and NAC preconditioning was shown to reduce cytotoxicity and inhibit pro-apoptotic protein molecules. However, 2TMeQ[6]-TPPPA was less effective than TPPPA in terms of ROS production capacity and toxicity to SH-SY5Y cells after self-assembling with TMeQ[6]. In conclusion, our study explored that TPPPA can induce ROS overproduction leading to apoptosis, and its mediated photodynamic therapy is a highly effective treatment option for SH-SY5Y cells. After self-assembling with TMeQ[6], TPPPA retains its apoptotic pathway-inducing characteristics and acts as a carrier, but this is not conducive to the photodynamic enhancement of TPPPA.
A Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Bio-Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Basketball Self-Powered Sensing
Authors: Xu Dasheng
Published: June 2023

Recently, intelligent wearable flexible sensors for sports monitoring have received extensive attention. Here, we designed a AGO hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerator (A-TENG) for bio-mechanical harvesting and basketball posture monitoring. The AGO hydrogel can be rapidly prepared only by a simple mechanical mixing method, and there is no need to heat and add cross-linking agent during the preparation process. Besides, the A-TENG has good environmental adaptability, and the change of environmental humidity will not have irreversible impact on it. Furthermore, according to results, when the external resistance is 9[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text], the output power density of A-TENG device reaches a maximum of 3.1[Formula: see text]W/m2. The self-powered sensor based on A-TENG device can be used to monitor the basketball posture. In the future, the A-TENG device can have high application value in basketball training, in order to serve intelligent sports monitoring.
Maritime Target Saliency Detection for UAV Based on the Stimulation Competition Selection Mechanism of Raptor Vision
Authors: Xu Xiaobin , Sun Yongbin , Duan Haibin , Deng Yimin , Zeng Zhigang
Published: June 2023

A maritime target saliency detection method inspired by the stimulation competition and selection mechanism of raptor vision is presented for the airborne vision system of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in an unknown maritime environment. The stimulation competition and selection mechanism in the visual pathway of raptor vision based on the phenomenon of raptor capturing prey in complex scenes are studied. Then, the mathematical model of the stimulation competition and selection mechanism of raptor vision is established and employed for the salient object detection. Popular image datasets and practical scene datasets are applied to verify the effectiveness of the presented method. Results show that the detection performance of the proposed method is better than that of other comparison methods. The proposed algorithm provides an idea for maritime target salient detection and cross-domain joint mission for UAV or other unmanned equipment.
Stream sediment geochemistry in mineral exploration: a review of fine-fraction, clay-fraction, bulk leach gold, heavy mineral concentrate and indicator mineral chemistry
Authors: Doherty Mary E. , Arndt Kiel , Chang Zhaoshan , Kelley Karen , Lavin Owen
Published: June 2023

Stream sediment surveys support early-stage reconnaissance mineral exploration and regional assessment programmes, enhanced by recent improvements in analytical method detection limits, continuously improving mineral chemistry, and new approaches to the interpretation of geochemical data. Sediment surveys may be used to predict catchment basin lithology, mineralization type based on pathfinder geochemistry, and geological features based on indicator mineral chemistry. Sediment surveys that target a finer-fraction sediment sample led to the discovery of the La Colosa gold deposit, Colombia. The Batu Hijau porphyry Cu–Au deposit in Indonesia was discovered based on an anomalous clay-sized fraction sample 12 km downstream. In an arid region with poorly developed drainages and minor topographic relief, the Ag-base-metal Navidad District in Argentina was discovered with clay-fraction sediment geochemistry. Heavy mineral concentrate (HMC) sediment surveys that include mineral chemistry determinations have led to global diamond discoveries. HMC surveys contributed to discovery of the Ring of Fire Ni–Cu–PGE and chromite district, Ontario, Canada. Discoveries and geochemical mapping can assist advancement of the application of stream sediment geochemistry in those global areas for which lithologies and deposits are exposed. Stream sediment surveys continue to be one of the most cost-effective geochemical methods for covering large areas for mineral exploration.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Reviews in Exploration Geochemistry collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/reviews-in-exploration-geochemistry
Data Owner Benefit-Driven Design of People Analytics
Authors: Zander Patrik , Zieglmeier Valentin
Published: June 2023

With increasingly digitalized workplaces, the potential for sophisticated analyses of employee data rises. This increases the relevance of people analytics (PA), which are tools for the behavioral analysis of employees. Despite this potential, the successful usage of PA is hindered by employee concerns. Especially in Europe, where the GDPR or equivalent laws apply, employee consent is required before data can be processed in PA. Therefore, PA can only provide relevant insights if employees are willing to share their data. One potential way of achieving this is the use of appeal strategies. In the design of PA, the core strategy that can be used is the inclusion of data owner benefits, such as automated feedback, that are given to employees in exchange for sharing their own data. In this paper, we examine benefits as an appeal strategy and develop four design principles for the inclusion of benefits in PA. Then, we describe an exemplary set of analyses and benefits, demonstrating how our principles may be put into practice. Based on this exemplary implementation, we describe and discuss the results of a user study (n = 46) among employees in the EU and UK. Our study investigates the factors that foster or hinder employees' consent to sharing their data with PA. Then, we introduce our data owner benefits and analyze whether they can positively influence this consent decision. Our introduced data owner benefits were, contrary to our expectations, not suited to motivate our participants to consent to sharing their data. We therefore analyze how participants judge the benefits. Participants generally appreciate having them, confirming the value of including data owner benefits when designing PA. Some of our introduced benefits negatively influenced participants' sharing decision, though, meaning that careful consideration of potential risks is required when conceptualizing them.
Emoticontrol: Emotions-based Control of User-Interfaces Adaptations
Authors: Alipour Mina , Moghaddam Mahyar T. , Vaidhyanathan Karthik , Kjærgaard Mikkel Baun
Published: June 2023

Emotions are integral to human nature, and their existence, duration, and evolution could lead to specific behaviors. If emotions and behaviors are ignored in the design of socio-technical systems, they will fail or cause discomfort. User interfaces (UIs) are elements of interactive systems able to trigger or moderate emotions. UIs are increasingly designed adaptive to users' various characteristics, intending to improve their satisfaction, performance, and decisions. However, previous adaptation supervising approaches are not effectively adopted in real life since they neglect the dynamic behaviors of humans or systems. This paper proposes Emoticontrol, a quality-driven approach to adapting UIs to users' emotions using Model-Free Reinforcement Learning (MFRL). The approach aims to maximize applying the essential adaptations and minimize the unnecessary ones towards users' enhanced quality of experience (QoE). The approach also considers improving the software quality of service (QoS) by designing software architecture alternatives. We chose emergency evacuation training as a suitable evaluation domain since people experience intense emotions in potential danger. We performed experiments with a mobile application we developed that acts as a recommender system in evacuation training. By taking contextual input of the users' basic emotions from face recognition, the application intelligently adapts its UI to quickly lead people to safe areas while keeping them emotionally controlled. We consider software performance a crucial QoS; thus, we adopt and test architectures that facilitate an acceptable level of performance. The evaluation process confirms the efficiency and effectiveness of the MFRL in iterations, as well as compared to other UI adaptation techniques.
MFFT: A GPU Accelerated Highly Efficient Mixed-Precision Large-Scale FFT Framework
Authors: Zhao Yuwen , Liu Fangfang , Ma Wenjing , Li Huiyuan , Peng Yuanchi , Wang Cui
Published: June 2023

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is widely used in computing applications in large-scale parallel programs, and data communication is the main performance bottleneck of FFT and seriously affects its parallel efficiency. To tackle this problem, we propose a new large-scale FFT framework, MFFT, which optimizes parallel FFT with a new mixed-precision optimization technique, adopting the “high precision computation, low precision communication” strategy. To enable “low precision communication”, we propose a shared-exponent floating-point number compression technique, which reduces the volume of data communication, while maintaining higher accuracy. In addition, we apply a two-phase normalization technique to further reduce the round-off error. Based on the mixed-precision MFFT framework, we apply several optimization techniques to improve the performance, such as streaming of GPU kernels, MPI message combination, kernel optimization, and memory optimization. We evaluate MFFT on a system with 4,096 GPUs. The results show that shared-exponent MFFT is 1.23 × faster than that of double-precision MFFT on average, and double-precision MFFT achieves performance 3.53× and 9.48× on average higher than open source library 2Decomp&FFT (CPU-based version) and heFFTe (AMD GPU-based version), respectively. The parallel efficiency of double-precision MFFT increased from 53.2% to 78.1% compared with 2Decomp&FFT, and shared-exponent MFFT further increases the parallel efficiency to 83.8%.
Autonomic nervous regulation of cellular processes during subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis
Authors: Rösch Gundula , Zaucke Frank , Jenei-Lanzl Zsuzsa
Published: June 2023

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) with its two major branches, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, plays a role in osteoarthritis pathogenesis by influencing bone structure and remodeling. We here review the current knowledge on subchondral bone remodeling with special regard to different bone cell types and underlying mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level. A better understanding of these mechanisms is needed for the development of novel OA treatment strategies targeting the ANS.
On Minimum Generalized Degree Distance Index of Cyclic Graphs
Authors: Khan Nadia , Javaid M. , Aslam M. K. , Ashebo Mamo Abebe
Published: June 2023

Topological index (TI) is a mapping that associates a real number to the under study (molecular) graph which predicts its various physical and chemical properties. The generalized degree distance index is the latest developed TI having compatible significance among the list of distance‐based TIs. In this paper, the minimum generalized degree distance of unicyclic, bicyclic, and four cyclic graphs is determined. Mainly, the associated extremal (minimal) graphs are also identified among all the aforesaid classes of graphs.
Data from The African-centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C. , Parris Joshua L. D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y. , Shinde Rahul , Murphy Maureen E. , Claiborne Daniel T.
Published: June 2023

The tumor suppressor TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer and is mutationally inactivated in 50% of sporadic tumors. Inactivating mutations in TP53 also occur in Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). In addition to germline mutations in TP53 in LFS that completely inactivate this protein, there are many more germline mutant forms of TP53 in human populations that partially inactivate this protein: we call these partially inactivating mutations “hypomorphs.” One of these hypomorphs is a SNP that exists in 6%–10% of Africans and 1%–2% of African Americans, which changes proline at amino acid 47 to serine (Pro47Ser; P47S). We previously showed that the P47S variant of p53 is intrinsically impaired for tumor suppressor function, and that this SNP is associated with increased cancer risk in mice and humans. Here we show that this SNP also influences the tumor microenvironment, and the immune microenvironment profile in P47S mice is more protumorigenic. At basal levels, P47S mice show impaired memory T-cell formation and function, along with increased anti-inflammatory (so-called “M2”) macrophages. We show that in tumor-bearing P47S mice, there is an increase in immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells and decreased numbers of activated dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, along with evidence for increased T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we show that P47S mice demonstrate an incomplete response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Our combined data suggest that the African-centric P47S variant leads to both intrinsic and extrinsic defects in tumor suppression.
Significance:
Findings presented here show that the P47S variant of TP53 influences the immune microenvironment, and the immune response to cancer. This is the first time that a naturally occurring genetic variant of TP53 has been shown to negatively impact the immune microenvironment and the response to immunotherapy.
Matrine Protects Endothelial Progenitor Cells against Apoptosis and Promotes Their Migration, Invasion, and Tube Formation Abilities via Modulating miR-126b/FOXO4 Axis
Authors: Zhu Xiqi , Jiang Jian , Wang Jian , Zhou Zhiyin , Ge Xiaoming
Published: June 2023

Introduction and Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been proven to exhibit a therapeutic effect in deep vein thrombosis, but are susceptible to microenvironment. Besides, Matrine has promotive effects on EPCs, but its effects on microRNA (miR)-126 remain obscure, which are therefore discussed in the study. Methods: The cultured EPCs were extracted from Sprague-Dawley rats and identified by immunofluorescence assay. After being treated with Matrine or transfected with miR-126b inhibitor and small interfering RNA targeting forkhead box (FOXO) 4, the viability and apoptosis of EPCs were determined by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. The migration, invasion, and tube formation abilities were detected by scratch, Transwell, and tube formation assays. The target genes of miR-126b were predicted by TargetScan, and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expressions of miR-126b, FOXO4, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP9, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results: The EPCs were successfully extracted and cultured, as evidenced by positive reaction cluster of differentiation (CD) 34 and CD133. Matrine promoted the viability, migration, invasion, and tube formation while inhibiting the apoptosis of EPCs, and upregulated the expression of miR-126b. Besides, miR-126b inhibitor reversed the effects of Matrine on EPCs and downregulated the expression levels of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGFA. MiR-126b targeted the FOXO4, and siFOXO4 reversed the abovementioned effects of miR-126b inhibitor on EPCs. Conclusion: Matrine protects EPCs from apoptosis and promotes their migration, invasion, and tube formation abilities via regulating miR-126b/FOXO4 axis.
The Inverse Lhermitte Phenomenon Suggests Nitrous Oxide-Induced Myelopathy: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sharma Sonali , Benatar Michael , Herskovitz Steven , Granit Volkan
Published: June 2023

Nitrous oxide-induced myelopathy is a relatively well-known clinical entity. Less well-known, however, is the rare inverse Lhermitte phenomenon, where neck flexion elicits an ascending, rather than descending, electric shock-like sensation. This is a characteristic symptom and sign that may occur in nitrous oxide toxicity. In this article, we present the case of a patient who was admitted to our hospital with suspected Guillain-Barré syndrome due to her ascending numbness and unsteady gait. We describe her examination and laboratory features leading to the correct diagnosis, along with a historical review of the various subtypes of the Lhermitte phenomenon and the pathophysiology of nitrous oxide-induced myelopathy.
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Successful Medical Management of Complex Maxillary Alveolus with Sinus Involvement
Authors: Epstein Joel B. , Arany Praveen R. , Yost Susan E. , Yuan Yuan
Published: June 2023

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in cancer patients presents a considerable challenge in management. Current management is primarily based on interventions in a limited number of cases assessing a single approach. Medical management typically is reported to include antimicrobial therapy with or without surgery. Advances in the understanding of pathogenesis have led to the investigation of additional medical interventions for early-stage necrosis. We present 3 patients with advanced-stage MRONJ of the maxilla using combined medical modalities including antimicrobial therapy, photobiomodulation therapy, pentoxifylline, vitamin E, and synthetic parathyroid hormone. All patients had a good outcome and avoided surgical intervention. We also report biological and functional imaging that may assist in more effective diagnosis and management of MRONJ. The 3 patients reported suggest that combined medical management should be considered in all cases of MRONJ (including stage III) prior to determining if surgical intervention is required. Functional imaging with a technetium bone scan or positron emission tomography scan correlated with diagnosis and confirmed resolution in patients. We present 3 challenging MRONJ patients that were effectively managed with a combined medical and nonsurgical therapy that demonstrated good clinical outcomes avoiding surgical interventions.
Surgical Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with a Tumor Thrombus Invading the Right Atrium: A Case Report
Authors: Veinberga Laura , Meidrops Kristians , Rumba Roberts , Gedins Marcis , Anufrijevs Deniss , Vilmanis Janis , Drizlionoka Karina , Zellans Edgars , Krustina Inguna , Berzins Juris , Briede Inese , Sivins Armands , Radzina Maija , Stradins Peteris , Ozolins Arturs
Published: June 2023

Up to 3% of all hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) present with a tumor thrombus (TT) in the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium (RA). Extensive growth of HCC into the IVC and the RA is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. This clinical condition is related to a high risk of sudden death due to pulmonary embolism or acute heart failure. Therefore, a technically challenging treatment undergoing hepatectomy and cavo-atrial thrombectomy is necessary. We report a 61-year-old man presenting with right subcostal pain, progressive weakness, and periodic shortness of breath for 3 months. He was diagnosed with advanced HCC with a TT extending from the right hepatic vein into the IVC and RA. A multidisciplinary meeting with cardiovascular and hepatobiliary surgeons, oncologists, cardiologists, anesthesiologists, and radiologists was held to determine the best treatment approach. Initially, the patient underwent right hemihepatectomy. As follows, the cardiovascular stage using cardiopulmonary bypass was successfully performed, removing the TT from the RA and ICV. In the early postoperative period, the patient remained stable and was discharged on the 8th postoperative day. A morphological examination revealed grade 2/3 HCC, a clear cell variant with microvascular and macrovascular invasion. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for HEP-1, CD10, whereas negative for S100. The morphological and immunohistochemical results corresponded to HCC. The treatment of such patients requires the cooperation of various specialties. Although the approach of the surgery is extremely complex including specific technical support, as well as high perioperative risks, the result offers favorable clinical outcomes.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury Caused by Capecitabine: A Case Report and a Literature Review
Authors: Hussein Miriam , Jensen Anders Bonde
Published: June 2023

Chemotherapy is widely used in cancer treatment, and the drug Capecitabine is often used in treatment of breast cancer and usually well-tolerated. Toxicity from Capecitabine typically involves hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, nausea, reduced appetite, and diarrhea, while severe liver toxicity is rarely seen. We present a case of a 63-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer, without liver metastasis, who developed a severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with critically elevated liver enzyme levels as reaction to Capecitabine treatment with seemingly no evident explanation as to why. The patient had a RUCAM score of 7 and a Naranjo score of 6 implying that this association between Capecitabine and the liver injury falls into the “probable” category. The patient recovered completely and was then successfully treated with other cytotoxic drugs without any sign of liver engagement. An in-depth literature search based on Pubmed database was performed to obtain information about Capecitabine, liver injury, and chemotherapy-associated acute hepatic toxicity. The following keywords were used: Capecitabine, chemotherapy, liver toxicity, and hepatic toxicity. Five studies were found showing some similarities to this case documenting hepatic injury after Capecitabine treatment including hepatic steatosis and moderately elevated liver enzymes. However, no studies were found reporting a severe DILI with highly elevated enzyme levels as immediate response to Capecitabine treatment. No reason could be identified as for why the patient developed an acute toxic liver reaction to Capecitabine. This case calls for more attention to the potential severe liver toxicity of an otherwise well-tolerated drug.
Exosome miR-552 Promotes Laryngocarcinoma Cells Malignant Progression via the PTEN/TOB1 Axis
Authors: Liu Lisha , Jia Qiaojing , Wang Jianxing , Zhang Haizhong , Jia Zhanwei , Shan Chunguang
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Tumor exosome-derived miRNAs play important roles in the human laryngocarcinoma. However, it is still unknown if exosome miR-552 is involved in the laryngocarcinoma. The aim of the current study was to explore exosome miR-552’s role in laryngocarcinoma and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Hep-2 exosome was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking technology. CCK-8 was used to determine cell viability, and a xenograft animal model was used to determine the tumorigenicity. qPCR and Western blotting were used to measure the changes in target biomarkers. Luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the interactions between miR-552 and PTEN. miRNA sequencing was used to check the changes in miRNA profiles. Results: miR-552 was upregulated in the laryngocarcinoma patients and was positively correlated to the cell proliferation and tumor growth. PTEN was identified as a direct target of miR-552. Hep-2 exosome is featured by high expression of miR-552 and treatment of Hep-2 exosome enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. The underlying mechanisms revealed that treatment of exosomes enhanced the malignant transformation of recipient cells in part by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conclusion: Exosome miR-552 promotes laryngocarcinoma cells’ malignant progression in part by the regulation of the PTEN/TOB1 axis.
Pilot Study of a Wearable Hydration Monitor in Haemodialysis Patients: Haemodialysis Outcomes & Patient Empowerment Study 02
Authors: Sandys Vicki , Bhat Lavleen , O'Hare Emer , Ninan Anna , Doyle Kevin , Kelly Shane , Conlon Peter , Sexton Donal , Edwards Colin , McAleese Paul , O’Seaghdha Conall
Published: June 2023

Introduction: We aimed to assess the validity and reproducibility of a wearable hydration device in a cohort of maintenance dialysis patients. Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-arm observational study on 20 haemodialysis patients between January and June 2021 in a single centre. A prototype wearable infrared spectroscopy device, termed the Sixty device, was worn on the forearm during dialysis sessions and nocturnally. Bioimpedance measurements were performed 4 times using the body composition monitor (BCM) over 3 weeks. Measurements from the Sixty device were compared with the BCM overhydration index (litres) pre- and post-dialysis and with standard haemodialysis parameters. Results: 12 out of 20 patients had useable data. Mean age was 52 ± 12.4 years. The overall accuracy for predicting pre-dialysis categories of fluid status using Sixty device was 0.55 [K = 0.00; 95% CI: −0.39–0.42]. The accuracy for the prediction of post-dialysis categories of volume status was low [accuracy = 0.34, K = 0.08; 95% CI: −0.13–0.3]. Sixty outputs at the start and end of dialysis were weakly correlated with pre- and post-dialysis weights (r = 0.27 and r = 0.27, respectively), as well as weight loss during dialysis (r = 0.31), but not ultrafiltration volume (r = 0.12). There was no difference between the change in Sixty readings overnight and the change in Sixty readings during dialysis (mean difference 0.09 ± 1.5 kg), [t(39) = 0.38, p = 0.71]. Conclusion: A prototype wearable infrared spectroscopy device was unable to accurately assess changes in fluid status during or between dialysis sessions. In the future, hardware development and advances in photonics may enable the tracking of interdialytic fluid status.
The Effect of Zonisamide on Rat Bone Mass, Structure, and Metabolism
Authors: Karesova Iva , Simko Julius , Fekete Sona , Zimcikova Eva , Malakova Jana , Zivna Helena , Pavlikova Ladislava , Palicka Vladimir
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Our study aimed to investigate the effect of zonisamide (ZNS) on bone metabolism in the rat model. Methods: Eight-week-old rats were divided into four groups. The sham-operated control group (SHAM) and the control group after orchidectomy (ORX) received the standard laboratory diet (SLD). The experimental group after orchidectomy (ORX+ZNS) and the sham-operated control group (SHAM+ZNS) received SLD enriched with ZNS for 12 weeks. Bone marker concentrations in serum of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, PINP, and osteoprotegerin, and the levels of sclerostin and bone alkaline phosphatase in bone homogenate, were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The femurs were used for biomechanical testing. Results: We found a statistically significant reduction in BMD and biomechanical strength 12 weeks after orchidectomy of the rats (ORX). After ZNS administration to orchidectomized rats (ORX+ZNS) and the sham-operated control rats (SHAM+ZNS), there were no statistically significant changes in BMD, bone turnover markers, or biomechanical properties as compared with the ORX group and SHAM group. Conclusions: The results suggest that administration of ZNS to rats exerts no negative effect on BMD, bone metabolism markers, or biomechanical properties.
C. perfringens Blood Stream Infection due to Nontransmural Ischemia of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Left Colon: Case Report
Authors: Reiner Johannes , Reichenbach Katharina , Kamaleddine Imad , Mokosch Daniel , Streckenbach Felix , Brinkmann Beate , Pertschy Annette , Witte Maria , Schafmayer Clemens , Weber Marc-André , Lamprecht Georg
Published: June 2023

We report the case of a 74-year-old female with abdominal pain, tarry stools, and tachycardia. Previous history included diabetes mellitus with micro- and macroangiopathy. Imaging revealed portal gas, left sided colitis, and emphysematous gastritis, besides severe atherosclerosis with subtotal celiac trunk occlusion and moderate stenosis of the inferior mesenteric artery. Upper endoscopy revealed findings consistent with focal necrotizing gastritis at the greater curvature and acute esophageal necrosis. Blood cultures immediately grew Clostridium perfringens. The patient was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and was discharged after 21 days in the hospital. This case demonstrates the rare coincident occurrence of nontransmural ischemia of the left colon, the esophagus, and the stomach as a result of low-flow circulatory compromise, which then precipitated C. perfringens associated emphysematous gastritis and blood stream infection.
Medium Cut-Off versus Low-Flux Dialyzers in Hemodialysis Patients with COVID-19: Clinical Outcomes and Reduction in Interleukin-6
Authors: Pongsittisak Wanjak , Satpanich Panchalee , Jaturapisanukul Solos , Keawvichit Rassamon , Prommool Surazee , Trakranvanich Thananda , Ngamvichukorn Tanun , Kurathong Sathit
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hemodialysis (HD) patients are both vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and tend to suffer greater disease severity and mortality. This retrospective study aimed to compare medium cut-off (MCO) and low-flux (LF) membrane dialyzers in terms of interleukin-6 (IL-6) reduction, change in inflammatory state, intradialytic complications, and mortality in chronic HD patients with COVID-19. Method: HD patients with a confirmed COVID-19 infection were admitted to the hospital for 10–14 days and underwent HD at the COVID-HD unit. Choice of dialyzer membrane used (MCO vs. LF) depended on the primary nephrologist(s). We collected data on demographics, baseline characteristics, laboratory results, diagnosis, treatments, HD prescription, hemodynamic status during HD, and mortality at 14 and 28 days after. Results: IL-6 reduction ratio (RR) in the MCO group was 9.7 (interquartile range, 71.1) percent, which was significantly higher than that of the LF group (RR, −45.7 [interquartile range, 70.2] percent). The incidence rate of intradialytic hypotension in the MCO group was 3.846 events per 100 dialysis hours (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.954–6.856), which was significantly lower than that of the LF group (9.057; 95% CI, 5.592–13.170). Overall, mortality was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The MCO membrane was more effective in removing IL-6 and was better tolerated than the LF membrane. Large, randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the relative benefits of the MCO membrane, especially mortality. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our results suggest that the MCO membrane may be beneficial in chronic HD patients with COVID-19.
Malaria as Potential Aetiology and Treatment Complicating Factor in DLBCL Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Purwanto Ibnu , Ariesta Nina Fitria , Hutajulu Susanna Hilda , Utomo Bambang Purwanto , Wijisaksono Doni Priambodo , Widodo Irianiwati
Published: June 2023

Malaria is known to be a significant risk factor and also a potential complicating factor during the treatment of lymphoid malignancy. There has not been a reported case of malaria reactivation that occurred weeks after cytotoxic chemotherapy completion, especially in non-endemic regions. Our patient was a 47-year-old man with a history of repeated falciparum malaria infection experiencing 2 months of progressive unilateral nasal blockage and recurrent anterior epistaxis, which was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) through pathological examination. He was treated with six cycles of classical R-CHOP, resulting in complete remission. One month after remission, he experienced shivering, fever, sweating, and a return to normal temperature, which repeated irregularly for roughly 1 week. His laboratory result showed anaemia, leucopenia, and profound thrombocytopenia. Immunochromatographic testing (ICT) confirmed the diagnosis of falciparum malaria. This case was considered a relapse since our centre is not in the malaria-endemic region. He was cured with a combination of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and primaquine. Our case demonstrated the duality of malaria as potential aetiology and treatment complicating factor in DLBCL.
Reverse Engineering of Digital Measures: Inviting Patients to the Conversation
Authors: Clay Ieuan , Peerenboom Nele , Connors Dana E , Bourke Steven , Keogh Alison , Wac Katarzyna , Gur-Arie Tova , Baker Justin , Bull Christopher , Cereatti Andrea , Cormack Francesca , Eggenspieler Damien , Foschini Luca , Ganea Raluca , Groenen Peter MA , Gusset Nicole , Izmailova Elena , Kanzler Christoph M , Leyens Lada , Lyden Kate , Mueller Arne , Nam Julian , Ng Wan-Fai , Nobbs David , Orfaniotou Foteini , Perumal Thanneer Malai , Piwko Wojciech , Ries Anja , Scotland Alf , Taptiklis Nick , Torous John , Vereijken Beatrix , Xu Shuai , Baltzer Laurenz , Vetter Thorsten , Goldhahn Jörg , Hoffmann Steven C
Published: June 2023

Background: Digital measures offer an unparalleled opportunity to create a more holistic picture of how people who are patients behave in their real-world environments, thereby establishing a better connection between patients, caregivers, and the clinical evidence used to drive drug development and disease management. Reaching this vision will require achieving a new level of co-creation between the stakeholders who design, develop, use, and make decisions using evidence from digital measures. Summary: In September 2022, the second in a series of meetings hosted by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Consortium, and sponsored by Wellcome Trust, entitled “Reverse Engineering of Digital Measures,” was held in Zurich, Switzerland, with a broad range of stakeholders sharing their experience across four case studies to examine how patient centricity is essential in shaping development and validation of digital evidence generation tools. Key Messages: In this paper, we discuss progress and the remaining barriers to widespread use of digital measures for evidence generation in clinical development and care delivery. We also present key discussion points and takeaways in order to continue discourse and provide a basis for dissemination and outreach to the wider community and other stakeholders. The work presented here shows us a blueprint for how and why the patient voice can be thoughtfully integrated into digital measure development and that continued multistakeholder engagement is critical for further progress.
A 15-Year-Old Boy with Primary Maxillary Bone Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Relapsed with Rib Metastasis after Spontaneous Remission of a Maxillary Bone Lesion: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Aizawa Kaito , Yamazaki Fumito , Shima Haruko , Kurosawa Takumi , Ishikawa Takahiro , Nakazawa Atsuko , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: June 2023

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) in children, accounting for 10–15% of all NHL cases. ALCL is currently classified as follows: systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive, systemic ALK-negative, primary cutaneous, and breast implant-associated ALCL. In children, systemic ALK-positive ALCL is the most common, and patients often present with extranodal involvement. We report a rare case of systemic ALK-positive ALCL with primary bone involvement in a 15-year-old male patient. Primary bone lymphoma is most commonly observed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and is extremely rare in systemic ALCL. Therefore, the clinical features and prognosis of primary bone ALCL remain unclear. Our patient had spontaneous remission of primary maxillary bone ALCL after gingival scraping but relapsed 12 months later with rib metastasis. Spontaneous remission of ALCL has been reported frequently in primary cutaneous ALCL and rarely in systemic ALCL. Our case demonstrates for the first time that systemic ALCL can also present as solitary bone involvement that can spontaneously remit. Because systemic ALCL is aggressive and has a risk of relapse, as in our case, it is important to consider ALCL in the differential diagnosis of primary bone lesions and to make a precise pathological diagnosis.
Allostatic Load and Endocrine Disorders
Authors: Sonino Nicoletta , Fava Giovanni A. , Lucente Marcella , Guidi Jenny
Published: June 2023

The building of life stress, well expressed by the concept of allostatic load, plays an important part in all phases of endocrine illness. Allostatic load refers to the cumulative burden of both stressful life events and chronic stress. When environmental challenges exceed the individual ability to cope, allostatic overload ensues. Assessment of allostatic load/overload by clinical measurements including indices and rating scales, in addition to biomarkers, offers a characterization of the person’s psychosocial environment that is missing from current formulations. Consideration of allostatic load in endocrinology may shed light on a number of clinical issues: interpretation of abnormal hormone values that lack explanations; coping with the various phases of illness; maladaptive illness behavior; response to treatment; presence of residual symptoms; health-damaging lifestyle habits. Addressing allostatic load calls for innovative models of endocrine outpatients with multidisciplinary organization of care, extended time for the interview, focus on rehabilitation. We provide an overview on the mechanisms of allostatic load, how it can be assessed, its potential role in endocrine disturbances, and how its consideration may lead to a needed innovation in patient care.
New Miniaturized System for Ultrafiltration: Rationale and Design of a Single-Center, Crossover, Randomized, Open-Label, Pilot Study Protocol
Authors: Reis Thiago , Sgarabotto Luca , Brendolan Alessandra , Lorenzin Anna , Corradi Valentina , Marchionna Nicola , Zanella Monica , Ronco Claudio
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Fluid overload and congestion are common features in patients with heart failure and are associated with negative clinical outcomes. Therapies for these conditions are diuretic-centered but frequently fail to achieve patient-adequate hydration status, prompting the use of extracorporeal ultrafiltration. Artificial Diuresis 1 (AD1) is a miniaturized, portable, and wearable system designed to deliver isolated ultrafiltration with the finest degree of simplicity and practicality. Methods/Design: Single-center, crossover, randomized, open-label pilot study to investigate the safety and the efficacy (concerning ultrafiltration accuracy) of extracorporeal ultrafiltration with the device AD1 in comparison to isolated ultrafiltration with a traditional machine (PrisMaX). Patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5D (on hemodialysis) or intensive care patients presenting acute kidney injury stage 3D (requiring hemodialysis) will carry out a single session of isolated ultrafiltration with each of the machines. The safety primary outcomes will be the occurrence of adverse events. The efficacy primary outcome will be the accuracy of ultrafiltration rate (delivered/prescribed) on each of the devices. Conclusion: AD1 is a novel miniaturized device for extracorporeal ultrafiltration. This study will be the first-in-human use of AD1 in patients with fluid overload.
High Renal Mast Cell Density Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy
Authors: Wang Shujie , Hu Danni , Li Yue-Qiang , Lei Qing , Liu Liu , He Xiaofeng , Han Min , Pei Guangchang , Zeng Rui , Xu Gang
Published: June 2023

Introduction: This observational cohort study evaluated the prognostic value of mast cells in the pathogenesis and progression of IgA nephropathy. Methods: A total of 76 adult IgAN patients were enrolled into this study from Jan 2007 and June 2010. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to identify tryptase-positive mast cells in renal biopsy samples. Patients were classified into Tryptasehigh and Tryptaselow groups. Depending on an average of 96-month follow-up, the predictive value of tryptase-positive mast cells in IgAN progression was analyzed. Results: Tryptase-positive mast cells were found frequently in IgAN kidneys while rarely observed in normal kidneys. We also found IgAN patients in Tryptasehigh group presented both severe clinical and pathological renal manifestations. Furthermore, Tryptasehigh group contained more interstitial macrophages and lymphocytes infiltration than Tryptaselow group. Higher tryptase-positive cells density is associated with poor prognosis in patients with IgAN. Conclusions: High renal mast cells density is associated with severe renal lesions and poor prognosis in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy. High renal mast cells density might be used as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with IgAN.
Design and analysis of frequency reconfigurable antenna in S-band
Authors: Apparao Maganti , Karunakar Godi
Published: June 2023

One of the biggest challenges in modern communication systems is to provide a single antenna for multiple applications. Existing antenna systems are limited to some applications. Therefore, it is important to design a single reconfigurable antenna for multiple applications in current communication systems. To overcome this problem, a single antenna with frequency reconfiguration capability has been developed in this work. In this work, four different frequency reconfigurable antenna layouts are investigated. To provide frequency reconfigurability, the proposed antenna comprises two P-intrinsic-N (PIN) diodes placed between the microstrip line and patch. The antenna can resonate in four states and operate at three distinct frequencies without affecting the size of the antenna by toggling the 'ON' and 'OFF' modes of the PIN diodes. The antenna can operate at three different frequency ranges, depending on the switching state of the PIN diode 2.1, 2.4 and 3.0 GHz. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, return loss (RL) and radiation patterns of the antennas were simulated and measured. It is clear that the proposed antenna works at different operating frequencies. The gain and RL for the corresponding frequencies are significantly improved and the radiation pattern is symmetrical.