bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the feasibility of delivering a sleep education programme in secondary schools
Authors: McCrory Stephanie , Crawford Megan , Fleming Leanne
Published: February 2023

Background:

School-based sleep education programmes can promote the importance of sleep health and may improve adolescent sleep. To date, only limited research has examined the feasibility of integrating sleep programmes into the school curriculum.

Objectives:

This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of the Strathclyde intervention to encourage good sleep health in teenagers (SIESTA).

Methods:

A total 171 students (12–15 years, 53% women) from secondary schools in Scotland participated in the study. Recruitment and retention, data collection and design procedures were assessed to establish feasibility. Qualitative feedback on acceptability was collected via focus group discussions. Outcome measures assessing insomnia symptoms, sleep hygiene, depression, anxiety and stress were completed at baseline and post-intervention to explore the preliminary effects of SIESTA.

Results:

All schools that were approached consented to participate, and most students completed assessments at both time points (171) with a dropout rate of 5%. Assessment measures provided sufficient data to compare baseline and post-intervention values. Training and delivery manuals ensured successful delivery of the programme. Qualitative feedback indicated SIESTA was acceptable, and students spoke favourably about the content, delivery and techniques. Students reported that SIESTA was age-appropriate, relevant and the techniques were beneficial. There were significant improvements in insomnia and stress, but no improvements were noted for sleep hygiene, depression or anxiety.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that SIESTA is feasible and acceptable for delivery via the school curriculum. The results indicate that a controlled trial is required to further investigate the efficacy of SIESTA implemented in an educational context.
A gulf of secrets: Priya Kuriyan’s graphic memoir “Ebony and Ivory”
Authors: Prabhu Gayathri
Published: February 2023

While the key role that migration plays in the economies of countries like India is widely recognized, subtler affective and cultural circuits are both less easily discerned, and perhaps as a consequence, less explored in scholarly literature. The transnational relation over the past several decades of India to West Asia has produced sophisticated and complex heterogenous forms — both traditional literary novelistic genres, as well as newer forms such as the graphic memoir. Through a close and attentive reading of one such memoir, Priya Kuriyan’s “Ebony and Ivory” (2017), this article seeks to articulate the fraught weight of migration. It probes the construction of migrant identities as they unfold over several generations within a single family. The memoir deconstructs the successful economic migrant as in reality bearing the scars of decades of secrecy and shame. Through the use of several refined visual strategies, Kuriyan tells us another tale of the migrant — one that, even as it seeks to carve a special narrative of courage and success in distant lands, must nevertheless also own up to a dismantling of the entrenched narrative of the happy, hardworking immigrant family.
Responding to Uncertainty: The Importance of Covertness in Support for Retaliation to Cyber and Kinetic Attacks
Authors: Hedgecock Kathryn , Sukin Lauren
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates the escalation dynamics of cyber attacks. Two main theories have been advanced. First, “means-based” theory argues attack type determines response; cyber attacks are less likely to escalate than kinetic attacks. Second, “effects-based” theory argues an attack’s material consequences determine the likelihood of retaliation. We advance a third perspective, arguing that the covertness of an attack has the largest effect on its propensity towards escalation. We identify two characteristics of covertness that affect support for retaliation: the certainty of attribution and its timing. We use a survey experiment to assess public support for retaliation, while varying the means, effects, timing, and attribution certainty of attacks. We find no evidence for the effects-based approach, instead finding high levels of support for retaliation regardless of an attack’s scale. We find that the most significant contributor to support for retaliation is an attack’s covertness.
Seawater aging effect on fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Mechanical properties, aging mechanism, and life prediction
Authors: Nan Jingjing , Zhi Chao , Meng Jiaguang , Miao Menghe , Yu Lingjie
Published: February 2023

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are widely used in marine engineering fields, such as coastal construction, offshore bridges, submarines, and warships, owing to their light weight, high strength, and corrosion resistance. However, owing to the harsh marine environment, FRP composites used in the ocean are inevitably affected by seawater aging. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the seawater aging properties of FRP composites. In this study, the seawater aging mechanism of FRP composites is summarized, and the influence factors (matrix type, fiber type, immersion temperature, loading mode, and aging method) of seawater aging on the mechanical properties of FRP composites are further reviewed in detail. Based on this, the method for improving the seawater resistance of FRP composites is summarized. In addition, the research schemes of accelerated aging of FRP composites and commonly used life prediction models are summarized, and the methods and suggestions for improving the accuracy of life prediction are further discussed.
Local inequities in the relative production of and exposure to vehicular air pollution in Los Angeles
Authors: Boeing Geoff , Lu Yougeng , Pilgram Clemens
Published: February 2023

Vehicular air pollution has created an ongoing air quality and public health crisis. Despite growing knowledge of racial injustice in exposure levels, less is known about the relationship between the production of and exposure to such pollution. This study assesses pollution burden by testing whether local populations’ vehicular air pollution exposure is proportional to how much they drive. Through a Los Angeles, California, case study we examine how this relates to race, ethnicity and socio-economic status – and how these relationships vary across the region. We find that, all else equal, tracts whose residents drive less are exposed to more air pollution, as are tracts with a less-White population. Commuters from majority-White tracts disproportionately drive through non-White tracts, compared to the inverse. Decades of racially-motivated freeway infrastructure planning and residential segregation shape today’s disparities in who produces vehicular air pollution and who is exposed to it, but opportunities exist for urban planning and transport policy to mitigate this injustice.
Scaling-up degrowth: Re-imagining institutional responses to climate change
Authors: Otchere-Darko William
Published: February 2023

Focusing on the United Nations’ Agenda 2030 and the New Urban Agenda, this commentary suggests that by engaging with degrowth, these mainstream policies can potentially provide alternative ecological values as climate responses. In turn, degrowth can also benefit from engaging with the multiple scales and sectors of these institutions for climate and planning practice. However, such multi-scalar engagements demand a repoliticisation of institutional and professional routines, processes and procedures.
Christian internalization of a healthy lifestyle: A theoretical analysis
Authors: Faries Mark D , Green Stephen D , Green Autumn
Published: February 2023

This study explored Christians’ view that living a healthy lifestyle by eating right and exercising was essential to what being a Christian meant to them, theoretically representing internalization of these health behaviors into one’s religious values and identity. Using a secondary data analysis of Pew Research Center survey data, we found that a minority of Christians (16%) internalized a healthy lifestyle; who also tended to be more religious, as expressed by believing in God, reading scripture, praying, and volunteering at church. The results provide preliminary support for the theorized disconnect in religious internalization of certain health behaviors, but not others. However, further exploratory analysis suggests that individuals who are a part of denominations that more recognizably express the importance of a healthy lifestyle as a part of their religious beliefs, and internalize this belief, might subsequently participate in and self-report healthier behavior.
A Scoping Review on the Role of Religion in the Experience of IPV and Faith-Based Responses in Community and Counseling Settings
Authors: Istratii Romina , Ali Parveen
Published: February 2023

Research on religion and intimate partner violence does not appear to have integrated well the current evidence on religion/spirituality, marital functioning, and mental health and lacks a cross-sectoral perspective that bridges psychology, public health, international development, anthropology, and sociology. A better integration could reveal how religious experience could be leveraged resourcefully in developing faith-based interventions engaging religious leaders and when counseling victims/survivors and perpetrators in religious contexts. The current scoping review explored (a) the influence of religious experience on the rationalizations, behaviors and mental state of victims/survivors and perpetrators, and (b) the approaches and effectiveness of faith-based interventions to respond to domestic violence engaging religious leaders, communities, and psychologists. In pursuing these questions, we aimed to overcome the dominance of Western definitions of intimate partner violence and religion by combining evidence from sectors that are more international-looking and studies from low-and middle-income societies that historically received less attention. The review suggests the need to move toward more diversified and holistic understandings of religion and more context-specific approaches to designing faith-based interventions and counseling responses that are theologically grounded and trauma-informed and embedded in the sociological realities of the individuals and communities they seek to support.
Shareholder Politics: The Influence of Investors’ Political Affiliations on Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: DesJardine Mark R. , Shi Wei , Westphal James
Published: February 2023

Many institutional investors are active political donors, but the impact that their political partisanship has on corporate practices and policies has mostly eluded academic examination. As political donations can reflect investors’ views and values, we theorize that the nature of investors’ political donations can shape managerial decision-making in important ways. We test this idea by examining changes in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, an area where managers have a high degree of discretion over how they account for investors’ views and values. Our theory introduces two focal constructs: political position, which captures the average political affiliation of actors within a group, and political dispersion, which captures the variance in political positions across group members. After hypothesizing a positive relationship between liberal-positioned investors and a firm's CSR activities, we argue that political dispersion among investors mitigates this positive effect. To account for between-group dispersion, we also suggest that liberal-positioned investors have a stronger positive effect on CSR in firms with more conservative managers. Our analysis of 19 years of shareholder political donations data for 2,062 U.S.-based firms supports our theory. This paper lays new groundwork for research on shareholder politics in management, and contributes to research on investor influence, political ideology, and CSR.
Visceral sensitivity correlates with gastrointestinal symptoms in runners during training but does not negatively impact peri-exercise fueling
Authors: Ehlert Alex M. , Wilson Patrick B.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the associations between several psychological factors (stress, anxiety, body vigilance, and visceral sensitivity) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in runners, as well as whether any of these factors impact pre-exercise and during-exercise fueling.

Methods

A virtual/online observational survey-based study with 82 (43 male and 39 female) runners was conducted. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-14, State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA-Trait), Body Vigilance Scale (BVS), and Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI) were assessed. GI symptoms during runs over 1 week, as well as nutrient intakes from food and fluid consumed 4 h before and during runs, were recorded. GI problems were quantified as the percentage of runs that a participant reported at least one symptom  ≥ 3 out of 10.

Results

VSI scores significantly correlated with the occurrence of all, upper, and lower GI symptoms during runs (ρ  =  0.32–0.38; p < 0.003), and these associations remained significant in partial correlation analyses. No significant associations were observed between GI symptom occurrence and scores on the BVS, PSS-14, or STICSA-Trait. In a subset of 72 runners with available nutrition data, intakes of energy, macronutrients, fluid, and caffeine before and during runs did not seem to be lower in those who had higher PSS-14, STICSA-Trait, BVS, or VSI scores, which was contrary to what was hypothesized.

Conclusions

Runners’ visceral sensitivity levels associate with GI symptoms during training over a week, but the impact of this and other psychological factors on nutritional intake is uncertain, particularly around competition.
Victim participation in criminal justice: A quantitative systematic and critical literature review
Authors: Holder Robyn L , Englezos Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

Meaningful participation in criminal justice by victims of violence is an aspiration of advocates working across domestic and international jurisdictions. Researchers have examined a range of participatory activities undertaken by violence victims. However, there has been no review of research that could build shared understanding of the content and contours of ‘participation’, its benefits and disbenefits to victims, nor assess the quality of justice it delivers. This article presents the first systematic quantitative and critical review of the topic. Electronic literature databases were searched to identify empirical research of victim participation whether in domestic or international criminal justice. Searches for peer-reviewed academic English-language journal articles found 58 studies matching the selection criteria and published between 2002 and 2021. Just over half were common law-based studies that were themselves mostly conducted in the United States. Definitions of victim participation were oblique but three-quarters of the studies demonstrated victim participation in some way, mostly participation at trial. The most common form of participatory activity studied was the provision of victims’ views and concerns followed by victim impact statements. The conceptual focus of studies was largely rights-focused while a substantial number assessed offender-related outcomes. We argue for greater specificity of participatory mechanisms and outcome measures in research. Given the multiplicity of situations and procedures ascribed as victim participation, we provide a schematic to assist researchers in organising evidence for future theoretical scrutiny.
Daily rhythm of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in patients after stroke
Authors: Abadjiev Daniel S , Toschi-Dias Edgar , Salinet Angela SM , Gaykova Nicole N , Lo Men-Tzung , Nogueira Ricardo C , Hu Kun
Published: February 2023

Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) in healthy young adults displays a daily variation. Whether the rhythm exists in patients with stroke is unknown. We studied 28 stroke patients (age: 26–83 years, 7 females) within 48 hours after thrombolysis. dCA was assessed 54 times in these patients during supine rest (twice in 26 and once in 2 patients): 9 assessments between 0–9AM, 12 between 9AM–2PM, 20 between 2–7PM, and 13 between 7PM–12AM. To estimate dCA, phase shifts between spontaneous oscillations of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the middle cerebral artery and arterial blood pressure (BP) were obtained in four frequency bands: <0.05 Hz, 0.05–0.1 Hz, 0.1–0.2 Hz, and >0.2 Hz. CBFV-BP phase shifts at <0.05 Hz were significantly larger between 2–7PM, suggesting better dCA, than those at other times (p < 0.0001), and the daily rhythm was consistent for stroke and non-stroke sides. No significant rhythms were observed at higher frequencies (all p > 0.2). All results were independent of age, sex, stroke type and severity, and other cardiovascular conditions. dCA after stroke showed a daily rhythm, leading to a better regulation of CBFV at <0.05 Hz during the afternoon. The finding may have implications for daily activity management of stroke patients.
Mild hypothermia reduces spreading depolarizations and infarct size in a swine model
Authors: Kentar Modar , Ramirez-Cuapio Francisco L. , Gutiérrez-Herrera Mildred A , Sanchez-Porras Renan , Díaz-Peregrino Roberto , Holzwarth Niklas , Maier-Hein Lena , Woitzik Johannes , Santos Edgar
Published: February 2023

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) have been linked to infarct volume expansion following ischemic stroke. Therapeutic hypothermia provides a neuroprotective effect after ischemic stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypothermia on the propagation of SDs and infarct volume in an ischemic swine model. Through left orbital exenteration, middle cerebral arteries were surgically occluded (MCAo) in 16 swine. Extensive craniotomy and durotomy were performed. Six hypothermic and five normothermic animals were included in the analysis. An intracranial temperature probe was placed right frontal subdural. One hour after ischemic onset, mild hypothermia was induced and eighteen hours of electrocorticographic (ECoG) and intrinsic optical signal (IOS) recordings were acquired. Postmortem, 4 mm-thick slices were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride to estimate the infarct volume. Compared to normothermia (36.4 ± 0.4°C), hypothermia (32.3 ± 0.2°C) significantly reduced the frequency and expansion of SDs (ECoG: 3.5 ± 2.1, 73.2 ± 5.2% vs. 1.0 ± 0.7, 41.9 ± 21.8%; IOS 3.9 ± 0.4, 87.6 ± 12.0% vs. 1.4 ± 0.7, 67.7 ± 8.3%, respectively). Further, infarct volume among hypothermic animals (23.2 ± 1.8% vs. 32.4 ± 2.5%) was significantly reduced. Therapeutic hypothermia reduces infarct volume and the frequency and expansion of SDs following cerebral ischemia.
From research to action and back again: The long journey of organizational climate – A review of the literature and a summative framework
Authors: D’Amato Alessia
Published: February 2023

Within management studies and practice, the construct of organizational climate has long been studied, its theoretical value, support to human resource management and organizational development. Despite the sustained interest in this construct, theoretical and terminological inconsistencies have hindered the development of a shared framework. For the vested interest of companies and their persistent use for change management, a summative framework is essential. This study is a systematic review of the major frameworks that are available in the field, and it attempts to surface and summarize the major components of organizational climate. Thirteen compelling dimensions consistently emerged at the foundation of the construct, and these dimensions are Communication, Supervision/Leadership, Team Cohesion, Autonomy/self-governance, Psycho-Physical Environment, Reward Systems/Structures, Innovation, Decision-making, Job Description, Role Meaning and Goals, Coherence between Strategy and Operational Implementation/Fairness, Integration and Dynamism and Freedom of Expression. For each dimension, an operational definition is provided. Therefore, a comprehensive map of the construct is provided for the benefit of academics and practitioners to have a common language and for the development of analytics to be validated across and beyond hierarchy, sector and regional boundaries and an instrument of benchmark.
Variability in oxygen delivery with bag-valve-mask devices: An observational laboratory simulation study
Authors: Dodds Jarron M , Appelqvist Dylan I , Paleologos Michael S , Downey Ryan G
Published: February 2023

A bag-valve-mask (BVM) is a portable handheld medical device commonly used in airway management and manual ventilation. Outside of the operating theatre, BVM devices are often used to pre-oxygenate spontaneously breathing patients before intubation to reduce the risk of hypoxaemia. Pre-oxygenation is considered adequate when the end-tidal expiratory fraction of oxygen is greater than 0.85. There are reports that some BVM devices fail to deliver a satisfactory inspired oxygen (FiO2) in spontaneously breathing patients due to variability in design. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oxygen delivery of a broad range of adult and paediatric BVM devices at increasing tidal volumes using a mechanical lung to simulate spontaneous ventilation. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of BVM design on performance.

Forty BVM devices were evaluated in a laboratory setting as part of a safety assessment requested by HealthShare New South Wales. The oxygen inlet of each BVM device was primed with 100% oxygen (15 l/min) for two min. The BVM device was then attached to the mechanical lung and commenced spontaneous breathing at a fixed respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min with an inspiratory: expiratory ratio of 1:2. For each device FiO2 was measured after two min of spontaneous breathing. This process was repeated with small (250 ml), medium (500 ml) and large (750 ml) tidal volumes simulating adult breathing in adult BVM devices, and small (150 ml), medium (300 ml) and large (450 ml) tidal volumes simulating paediatric breathing in paediatric BVM devices. The test was repeated using up to five BVM devices of the same model (where supplied) at each tidal volume as a manufacturing quality control measure.

Eight of the 40 devices tested failed to deliver a FiO2 above 0.85 for at least one tidal volume, and five models failed to achieve this at any measured tidal volume. Concerningly, three of these devices delivered a FiO2 below 0.55. Six of the eight poorly performing devices delivered reducing concentrations of inspired oxygen with increasing tidal volumes. Devices which performed the worst were those with a duckbill non-rebreather valve and without a dedicated expiratory valve.

Several BVM devices available for clinical use in Australia did not deliver sufficient oxygen for reliable pre-oxygenation in a spontaneously breathing in vitro model. Devices with a duckbill non-rebreather valve and without a dedicated expiratory valve performed the worst. It is imperative that clinicians using BVM devices to deliver oxygen to spontaneously breathing patients are aware of the characteristics and limitations of the BVM devices, and that the standards for manufacture are updated to require safe performance in all clinical circumstances.
To participate or not? Research on second-hand apparel recycling intention under the guidance of environmental psychology
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Dong Feng
Published: February 2023

The apparel industry, one of the largest manufacturing industries in the world, generates a large amount of solid waste. It is necessary to reduce excessive apparel consumption in order to reduce waste of the apparel industry. This study takes China as an example to explore the residents’ second-hand apparel recycling intention (SARI). Purchasing second-hand, renting and swapping apparel are comprehensively defined as second-hand apparel (SA) recycling. Then, the influence of six environmental psychological factors on SARI is explored, including environmental concern (EC), trust in social media (TSM), consumer innovativeness (CI), face consciousness (FC), perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) and subjective norm (SN). In this study, 348 valid questionnaires are collected, and structural equation model is used to process the data. The results show that EC, CI and PCE have no significant effect on SARI. SN and TSM positively promote SARI, while FC has a negative effect. The results are expected to provide in-depth insights to further understand and improve the SARI of residents in emerging economies from the environmentally psychological level.
The Problem of Class Abstractionism
Authors: McCarthy Michael A. , Desan Mathieu Hikaru
Published: February 2023

With renewed interest in Marxism, class is back on the intellectual agenda. But so too is the familiar charge of “class reductionism.” This charge conflates two distinct claims regarding what we term the structural and political primacy of class. Structural primacy refers to the determinant role of class in social explanation, whereas political primacy refers to its centrality in radical politics. Crossing these distinct claims, we identify four possible positions on the primacy of class. Here, we focus on the two that affirm the structural primacy of class. What we call “class abstractionism,” which presumes to derive the political primacy of class from an account of its structural primacy, ultimately relies on an abstract conception of class that effectively presupposes its political primacy. In contrast, a more adequate account of structural primacy—what we call “class dynamism”—requires us to abandon the presupposition of class’s necessary political primacy.
Bilayer AA7075-thermoplastic composite structures manufactured by hot pressing: Effect of glass fiber amount of polypropylene composite on mechanical properties
Authors: Öztoprak Nahit
Published: February 2023

This article presents a research into the development of novel Hybrid Laminates (HLs) prepared with the use of hot-pressing method. Two types of HLs are fabricated through the composite coating with different fiber amounts (40 and 50% wt.) of only one surface of 7075-O Al alloy substrate. Effects of the fiber contents of the thermoplastic composite in the hybrid structures are investigated with regards to the tensile and flexural properties. The influence of bending load applied from different surfaces on flexural responses is also evaluated. The tensile test results indicate that the increased fiber ratio slightly affects the failure load of composite layer in the HLs. On the other hand, the flexural strength decreases with the increasing fiber amount in the HLs whether the three-point bending is performed on the Al surface or the composite layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to study the fracture surfaces after the mechanical characterization. From the SEM observations, it has been realized that fiber/matrix debonding is the key failure mechanism during the tensile tests. The failure mode of both HLs is delamination in the PP composite at the tensile side when the bending applied from the Al layer.
Landholding and the Creation of Lumpen Tenants in Freetown: Youth Economic Survival and Patrimonialism in Postwar Sierra Leone
Authors: Bah Abu Bakarr , Bangura Ibrahim
Published: February 2023

This article is an ethnographic study that situates the caretaker phenomenon within the wider system of patrimonialism in Sierra Leone. It addresses the ways urban landholding creates a class of lumpen tenants and reproduces patrimonialism in postwar Sierra Leone. The article is based on select data regarding landholding in the environs of Freetown drawn from a larger study of youths and governance. The article shows that in Sierra Leone, patrimonialism, both in its private and state variants, is tied to corruption and economic and political exploitation. In addition, the dependency relationship between landowners and caretakers is a reflection of the unequal access to resources and the everyday application of power. The article points to various economic survival strategies of youths who have migrated to Freetown during and after the war. Moreover, it shows the ways youths build social capital within the patrimonial system of Sierra Leone.
Metapsychy's border: Henri Piéron's (1881–1964) role as the gatekeeper of French psychology
Authors: Evrard Renaud , Gumpper Stéphane , Beauvais Bevis
Published: February 2023

Metapsychy, or metapsychics, is the French science known in English-speaking countries as parapsychology or psychical research. As Régine Plas has shown, the ‘psychic’ phenomena were among the first subjects of psychological inquiry. Like many of his colleagues, Henri Piéron began his career researching apparent telepathic phenomena, and in collaboration with Nicolae Vaschide explained them in terms of an ‘intellectual parallelism’. From 1913 onward, Piéron developed the ‘Métapsychie’ section of L’année psychologique, where he used his critical skills to sometimes foster and sometimes discourage this field of research. In the background to these events was the issue of metapsychy's place within the field of psychology, a field on which Piéron had himself helped to confer institutional and professional status. The growing disparity between metapsychy and psychology suggested a distinct demarcation between the two disciplines, with Piéron zealously fulfilling a missionary role as one of several gatekeepers. While open to what were presented as new examples of physiologically objectified psychic activity, he never really seems to have observed anything he considered convincing and so generally suspected fraud. His interventions played a role in the emancipation/expulsion of metapsychy from the nascent field of psychology, with the advantage of increasing recognition of the epistemic authority of the latter.
Burger King India IPO: Investment Dilemma
Authors: Sinha Abhishek , Satish D.
Published: February 2023

Burger King India (BKI), a master franchisee of the leading global quick service restaurant (QSR) chain Burger King US, filed its red herring prospectus (RHP) on 5 November 2019, with the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) expressing its interest in going public. BKI was a major franchise of a multinational QSR, and its going public in India showed the confidence that large global QSRs had in the Indian markets. Despite the volatility caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic, BKI launched its IPO on 2 December 2020. The case study captures the complexity and challenges faced by the growing Indian QSR market and its diverse players and provides information for industry analysis. The case also provides strategic and financial information along with initial public offer (IPO) information to assess BKI’s performance and debate whether the price set is appropriate given that BKI was a loss-making firm and the uncertainty surrounding the pandemic continued.
Assessment of Global DNA Methylation in SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to the Neonicotinoid Insecticides Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam
Authors: Guler Zeynep Rana , Yilmaz Umran , Uzunosmanoglu Kubra , Ozturk Busra , Abudayyak Mahmoud , Ozden Sibel
Published: February 2023

Neonicotinoid insecticides, known for their selectivity and low mammalian toxicity, have been widely used in recent years as alternatives to organophosphate insecticides. Although neonicotinoids are generally considered to be safe, data show that they can cause harmful effects on human and environmental health. Due to the lack of information on their mechanism of toxicity, the effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on DNA methylation as the most used marker for epigenetic effects were investigated in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The cells were exposed to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in concentrations of 100, 200, and 500 μM for 24 hours, then global DNA methylation and expression of genes involved in global DNA methylation ( DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b) were investigated. Global DNA methylation significantly increased after imidacloprid exposure at 100 μM, and thiamethoxam exposures at 200 µM and 500 μM (>1.5-fold). Imidacloprid significantly decreased the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a, whereas thiamethoxam did not cause any significant changes in the expression of DNMT genes. Our findings suggested that alteration in global DNA methylation may be involved in the toxic mechanisms of imidacloprid and thiametoxam.
A history of eponym usage in hip and pelvis radiography part 2: the adult hip
Authors: Bi Andrew S , Ryan Michael K , Castañeda Pablo G , Youm Thomas
Published: February 2023

Eponyms, while inherently flawed, remain a constant in medical vernacular, especially in orthopaedic surgery. It is essential to understand how these eponyms came to be named and for whom they were named after in order to understand their correct usage and definitions. In this second part of a 2-part review, we describe the history of eponym usage in the radiography of the adult hip; who, when, what, where, and how. We hope to provide a historical perspective of interest, resolve any controversies in semantic definitions, and create a comprehensive library of eponymous terms related to adult hip radiography.
Clinical Significance of Lymphatic Infiltration Detected by Immunohistochemical Double Staining in Patients with Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Xu Juan , Wang Xinmei , Du Qiuyue , Qu Pengpeng , Liu Caiyan
Published: February 2023

Background:

The presence of lymph-vascular space invasion is a powerful predictor of lymph node metastasis. However, most studies do not distinguish lymph vessel invasion (LVI) and blood vessel invasion (BVI). The aim of this study was to distinguish the role of LVI and BVI in lymphatic metastasis and recurrence in patients with endometrial cancer.

Methods:

We examined 171 patients with endometrial cancer. Immunohistochemical double staining was used to distinguish lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion. First, the relationship between lymphatic/vascular invasion and clinicopathological features and lymphatic metastasis was studied. Then, the expression of D2-40/LVI and CD31/BVI in patients with recurrence was analyzed.

Results:

Pathological grading (G3) and D2-40/LVI were independent high-risk factors for lymph node metastasis of endometrial cancer. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for predicting lymphatic metastasis using pathological grading (G3) or D2-40/LVI alone were .642 and .680, respectively, and the area under the curve value for the combined detection of pathological grading (G3) and D2-40/LVI was .726, which was greater than the values obtained for the abovementioned independent variables. Among the 15 recurrent patients, 5 (33.3%) were D2-40/LVI positive, 2 (13.3%) were CD31/BVI positive, and 8 (53.3%) were both D2-40/LVI and CD31/BVI positive.

Conclusion:

D2-40/LVI combined with G3 can effectively predict lymph node metastasis of endometrial carcinoma.
Podcasting and constructive journalism in health stories about antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Authors: Lindgren Mia , Jorgensen Britta
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 showed the importance of trustworthy and accessible health information. News organisations increasingly introduced podcasting to keep their audiences informed. Podcasting's documented capacity for listener engagement makes it a pertinent medium to study another global public health threat – superbugs – through the lens of constructive journalism. Both constructive journalism and podcasting feature lived experiences of sources, in constructive journalism focused on empowering audiences to act. This practice-led research study is the first to explore how solutions-oriented journalism intersects with narrative podcasts. It demonstrates through the production of a podcast series about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), an affordance to tell complex and often scary health stories. It finds that podcasting can position individuals affected by AMR as sources of empowering information, rather than as victims. The study contributes new knowledge to constructive podcast journalism as an impactful approach in public health journalism, leveraging its potential to provide solutions to listeners and promote change.
Risk of stillbirth and preterm birth among undocumented pregnant migrant women in Denmark: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Faurholdt Ida Marie , Halkjær Nynne , Boye Mathilde Christine , Meyrowitsch Dan W. , Kann Caroline , Thomsen Charlotte E. , Sørensen Laura , Gadsbøll Kasper M. , Schmidt Maria Cathrine , Funge Julia K. , Norredam Marie
Published: February 2023

Aims:

To examine the associations between undocumented pregnant migrant women and the risk of experiencing stillbirth or preterm birth.

Methods:

A retrospective case–control study based on nationwide registers from Statistics Denmark and hospital journals from the seven largest hospital wards in Denmark from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2018. A total of 882 undocumented pregnant migrant women and 3528 matched controls (both documented migrant and non-migrant women) were included. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of undocumented pregnant migrant women experiencing (a) stillbirth and (b) preterm birth compared with the control group.

Results:

Of the undocumented pregnant migrant women, 33.3% were EU citizens, 16.2% were applicants for residence and 50.5% had an unknown basis for residence. The mean age of the undocumented pregnant migrant women was 28.4 years, whereas the mean age of women in the control group was 30.9 years. Higher adjusted odds of experiencing stillbirth (aOR 3.50; 95% CI 1.31–9.38) and preterm birth (aOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.04–1.93) were observed among the undocumented pregnant migrant women compared with the control group. The basis of residence was not associated with higher odds of experiencing stillbirth or preterm birth.

Conclusions:

We found a higher risk of stillbirth and preterm birth among the undocumented pregnant migrant women than in the control group. Our findings suggest a need to increase the focus on providing access to antenatal care among those women currently excluded from this care.
Comparative analysis of light environment perception, eye movement and physiology in university professional classroom based on virtual reality experiment
Authors: Du Xiaohui , Zhao Sijia , Zhang Dazhao , Yu Yue
Published: February 2023

In this study, virtual reality technology was used to simulate the virtual scene of three common light environment forms of professional classrooms in universities. The experimental results show that people’s environmental perception is related to the average pupil diameter, saccade frequency, high frequency/low frequency (LF/HF) and skin conductance change rate in a combined light environment; moreover, when the colour temperature is 4500 K, the space is brighter, more spacious, more relaxed and the willingness to learn is stronger. In the range of 22.4°C–25°C, temperature does not affect people’s perception of the warm feeling of the light environment, while the light colour temperature has a greater impact on people’s perception of the warm feeling. The lower the light colour temperature is, the warmer people feel subjectively. However, people’s eye movement behaviour and physiological system data have no obvious perception of colour temperature changes. Indoor noise affects the indoor brightness perception to some extent. In the range of 43–46.9 dB, with the increase of noise value, the evaluation score of people’s brightness perception basically increases. In terms of learning psychological state, the more comfortable the light environment is, the stronger the willingness to learn and the higher the learning enthusiasm.
See something, say something? The role of online self-disclosure on fear of terror among young social media users
Authors: Kaskeleviciute Ruta , Knupfer Helena , Matthes Jörg
Published: February 2023

Given that terrorism is omnipresent on social media, it is imperative to study how seeing terror content online is related to individuals’ attitudes, behaviors, and emotions. This study investigates how exposure to terrorism on social media associates with terror-related online self-disclosure and how self-disclosure, in turn, relates to fear of terrorism. A quota-based survey of young social media users (16- to 25-year-olds; N = 864) in Germany revealed that exposure to Islamist and far-right terrorism is related to higher online self-disclosure. Political ideology moderated the relationship between exposure to far-right terrorism and online self-disclosure, but not when exposed to Islamist terrorism. Attitudinal differentiation was negatively associated with self-disclosure. Additionally, we found an interaction effect of exposure to Islamist terrorism and attitudinal differentiation on self-disclosure. Finally, the results showed that online self-disclosure was positively related to fear of terrorism. By and large, our findings highlight the relevance of social media for the levels of fear.
Inequality and discrimination in the online labor market: A scoping review
Authors: Fiers Floor
Published: February 2023

Based on a comprehensive set of studies collected via five academic databases, this scoping review examines how inequality and discrimination have been studied in the context of paid online labor. We identify three approaches in the literature that aim to (1) identify participation patterns in (national) survey data, (2) examine background characteristics of online contractors based on survey or digital trace data, and (3) reveal social biases in the hiring process using experimental data. Building on Shaw and Hargittai’s pipeline of participation, we present a multi-stage model of engagement in online labor. When we map the studies across the stages, it becomes clear that the literature focuses on later stages (i.e. having been hired and received payment). Based on this analysis, future research should examine barriers to participation in earlier stages. Furthermore, we advocate for research that examines participation across multiple pipeline stages as well as for analysis of platform-level biases.
Mimamori childcare in Japanese and Norwegian early childhood education
Authors: Greve Anne , Okamoto-Omi Yoriko
Published: February 2023

In this article, we explore the concept of mimamori and its impact on early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Norway and Japan. Mimamori is a teaching method whereby teachers refrain from giving children direct instructions, which is in line with the Froebelian approach to pedagogy. It is interesting to investigate how this Japanese concept also manifests in Norwegian ECEC. We have reanalysed previous data and analysed new data from Norwegian and Japanese studies to answer the following question: How does mimamori or mimamori-like practice in a Norwegian and a Japanese ECEC context influence the interaction between teachers and children in ways that support social inclusion in the children’s community? Our results show that mimamori can be found in ECEC in both countries, but that the way it is practised involves exercising paedagogical tact and wisdom. There is no set way of practising mimamori. However, there seems to be an understanding in both countries that children should learn how to cope for themselves and be given opportunities to test their own competence, but at the same time have enough support from the teacher so as not to fail and lose confidence.
Factors Correlated With Sexual Assault Victimization Among College Students in the United States: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Spencer Chelsea M. , Rivas-Koehl Matthew , Astle Shelby , Toews Michelle L. , McAlister Paige , Anders Kristin M.
Published: February 2023

Sexual assault (SA) continues to be a serious problem on college campuses in the United States. This meta-analysis sought to identify correlates for SA victimization on college campuses, as well as examine if there were any differences in correlates for men and women. Database searches utilizing Boolean search terms were used to identify studies to be included in the meta-analysis. Studies were included if they provided quantitative data on correlates for SA victimization among college students. A total of 118 studies yielding 405 unique effect sizes were included in this study. The strongest correlates for SA victimization among college students were physical intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, physical IPV victimization, emotional IPV victimization, and prior SA victimization. Other significant correlates were related to mental health (e.g., hopelessness, suicidal ideation, trauma symptoms, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms), and factors related to a campus party culture (e.g., binge drinking, alcohol use, drug use, Greek membership). We were able to compare seven correlates between men and women. Results of the meta-analysis also highlight the need for future research to examine additional correlates for SA victimization, as well as examine race/ethnicity and gender as separate categories when trying to further understand correlates for SA victimization.
Self-reported Competences of Expatriate Practicing Nurses in Kuwait: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Al-Maaitah Rowaida M. , Al-Bakkali Hajar A. , AbuAlRub Raeda F.
Published: February 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to explore the perceived self-reported competence of nurses who worked in Kuwaiti hospitals and the predictors influencing the level of competence.

Background

Competence in nursing is found to affect patient safety and the quality of care provided to patients. The vast majority of nurses working in the health system are non-Kuwaitis. Thus, it is of the utmost importance to assess nurses’ competences as the first step toward ensuring the best quality of care.

Methods

A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational design was used. A non-random convenience sample of 220 practicing expatriate nurses working in public hospitals completed the NPC-35 scale and a demographic form. Data collection was done over a period of three weeks from January 26th, 2020 to February 16th, 2020.

Results

The findings of the study showed that nurses perceived their competence as good. The results also showed that years of experience, enrollment in a traditional program of study, exposure to training programs, working in accredited hospitals and nationality explained 56% of the variation in the level of Nursing Professional Competence (NPC).

Conclusion

The results indicate that nurse leaders and policy makers need to improve nursing orientation and training programs so that they are competence based. The results of the study also point to the importance of revisiting the nursing recruitment policy and managing expatriate nurses while making better investment in educating and producing Kuwaiti national nurses.