bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism of Single‐Layer MoS2 Induced by Antiferromagnetic Proximity of Yttrium Iron Garnet
Authors: Tsai Shiao‐Po , Yang Chao‐Yao , Lee Chien‐Ju , Lu Li‐Syuan , Liang Hsia‐Ling , Lin Jun‐Xiao , Yu Yi‐Hsing , Chen Chin‐Chung , Chung Tien‐Kan , Kaun Chao‐Cheng , Hsu Hua‐Shu , Huang Ssu‐Yen , Chang Wen‐Hao , He Liang‐Ching , Lai Chih‐Huang , Wang Kang L.
Published: December 2020

Single‐layered MoS2 is a naturally stable material. Integrating spin, valley, and circularly polarized photons is an interesting endeavor to achieve advanced spin‐valleytronics. In this study, room‐temperature ferromagnetism in MoS2 induced by the magnetic proximity effect (MPE) of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and the antiferromagnetic coupling at the interface is demonstrated. Insulating YIG without charge carriers is an excellent magnetic candidate featuring a long spin diffusion length and remarkable surface flatness, enabling long‐range magnetic interactions with MoS2. Spin‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) reveal that the spin‐polarized valleys of MoS2 can achieve sustained ferromagnetism even at room temperature. The bandgap‐sensitivity of MCD further demonstrates the extent of antiferromagnetic coupling between the MPE‐induced moments of MoS2 and YIG. This work provides a layer‐selected approach to study magnetic interactions/configurations in the YIG/MoS2 bilayer and highlights the role of MoS2 in achieving the MPE toward high temperature.
The applicability of the Sludge Biotic Index in a facility treating sugar refinery effluents and municipal wastewater
Authors: Kepec Mirjana , Matoničkin Kepčija Renata , Vlaičević Barbara , Kepec Slavko , Gulin Vesna
Published: December 2020

Protozoans are valuable indicators of the wastewater biological treatment process and are used in a variety of water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the Sludge Biotic Index (SBI) as an indicator of activated sludge purification efficiency during different influent loadings: municipal wastewater (M) and municipal wastewater combined with industrial wastewater from a sugar refinery (M + S). Despite the higher organic load during the M + S period, purification efficiency was higher for BOD5, compared with the M period. SBI values were high during both periods, indicating stable sludge, excellent biological activity, and good to very good performance. According to the share of indicator taxa, better conditions of activated sludge were found during the M + S period. Protozoan abundance differed between the two study periods, as well as purification efficiency for some parameters. Certain taxa showed a significant correlation with purification efficiency for specific parameters. Although SBI is a useful tool for estimating activated sludge health, it should be used in combination with additional indicator metrics and/or a species‐specific approach.

Practitioner points

Activated sludge can have high purification efficiency during the co‐treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater.

The Sludge Biotic Index is applicable as an indicator of activated sludge condition during the treatment of municipal and sugar refinery wastewaters.

A combination of indicators and a species‐specific approach can give better estimation of the health of activated sludge.
Introducing a holistic approach to model and link fouling resistances
Authors: Schlüter Florian , Augustin Wolfgang , Scholl Stephan
Published: December 2020

Fouling is the unwanted deposition of soils on heat transfer surfaces and is a major challenge for industry and has been s subject to scientific investigations for decades, still being an unsolved problem for many applications. A fouling situation is commonly quantified with the thermal fouling resistance describing the integral fouling behavior of an apparatus. Modeling of this quantity is a permanent subject to research. This contribution presents the basics of an expanded consideration by introducing a holistic approach to model and link fouling resistances based on the extension of previous work in this field. A thermal and a mass based approach to calculate fouling resistances are considered integrally and locally. This will provide a detailed knowledge of the fouling behavior. Various variables are needed for modeling the different fouling resistances. Therefore, both experimental and analytical methods have to be applied to obtain the required data regarding local differences of crystallization deposits within double-pipe heat exchangers. Here the planned experimental and analytical approaches to receive all the required input data are described, also presenting the required test equipment briefly. Core equipment is a test rig equipped with double pipe heat exchangers, which allows the measurement of thermal and fluid flow related values and provides samples for the analysis of the fouling deposits. Furthermore, the aim of the new modeling concept is to link integral and local fouling resistances by taking into account locally varying parameters regarding the fouling layer. In order to allow for that, a recalculation of the thermal fouling resistance into a corrected version by considering heat transfer enhancing effects attempts to correlate with the mass based approach in a first step. In the end, the holistic modelling approach is presented.
Sudden cardiac death—update
Authors: Markwerth P. , Bajanowski T , Tzimas I. , Dettmeyer R.
Published: December 2020

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide with a higher frequency especially in the young. Therefore, SCD is represented frequently in forensic autopsy practice, whereupon pathological findings in the heart can explain acute death. These pathological changes may not only include myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis, or all forms of myocarditis/endocarditis but also rare diseases such as hereditary structural or arrythmogenic anomalies, lesions of the cardiac conduction system, or primary cardiac tumours.
Self-examination low-cost full-field OCT (SELFF-OCT) for patients with various macular diseases
Authors: von der Burchard Claus , Moltmann Moritz , Tode Jan , Ehlken Christoph , Sudkamp Helge , Theisen-Kunde Dirk , König Inke , Hüttmann Gereon , Roider Johann
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The treatment guidelines for many macular diseases rely on frequent monitoring with optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, the burden of frequent disease control leads to low therapy adherence in real life. OCT home monitoring would address this issue but requires an inexpensive and self-operable device. With self-examination low-cost full-field OCT (SELFF-OCT), our group has introduced a novel technology that may fulfill both requirements. In this pilot study, we report the initial experiences with a clinical prototype.

Methods

Fifty-one patients with different macular diseases were recruited in a cross-sectional study. The most common diseases were age-related macular degeneration (AMD; 39/51), diabetic macular edema (DME; 6/51), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO; 3/51). Patients received a short training in device usage and then performed multiple self-scans with the SELFF-OCT device. For comparison, scans with a standard clinical spectral domain (SD-)OCT were taken.

Results

After a brief training, 77% of the patients were able to successfully acquire images that were clinically gradable. No significant influence on success could be found for age (p = 0.08) or BCVA (p = 0.97). Relevant disease biomarkers in the most common retinal diseases could be detected.

Conclusions

SELFF-OCT was used successfully for retinal self-examination and in the future could be used for retinal home monitoring. Future improvements in technology are expected to improve success rates and image quality.

Trial registration

The Trial was registered in the German Trial Register under the number DRKS00013755 on 14.03.2018.
Dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenases involved in gallate biosynthesis of the aluminum-tolerant tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Authors: Tahara Ko , Nishiguchi Mitsuru , Funke Evelyn , Miyazawa Shin-Ichi , Miyama Takafumi , Milkowski Carsten
Published: December 2020

Main conclusion

Eucalyptus camaldulensis EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 combine gallate formation, dehydroquinate dehydratase, and shikimate dehydrogenase activities. They are candidates for providing the essential gallate for the biosynthesis of the aluminum-detoxifying metabolite oenothein B.

The tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis shows exceptionally high tolerance against aluminum, a widespread toxic metal in acidic soils. In the roots of E. camaldulensis, aluminum is detoxified via the complexation with oenothein B, a hydrolyzable tannin. In our approach to elucidate the biosynthesis of oenothein B, we here report on the identification of E. camaldulensis enzymes that catalyze the formation of gallate, which is the phenolic constituent of hydrolyzable tannins. By systematical screening of E. camaldulensis dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenases (EcDQD/SDHs), we found two enzymes, EcDQD/SDH2 and 3, catalyzing the NADP+-dependent oxidation of 3-dehydroshikimate to produce gallate. Based on extensive in vitro assays using recombinant EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 enzymes, we present for the first time a detailed characterization of the enzymatic gallate formation activity, including the cofactor preferences, pH optima, and kinetic constants. Sequence analyses and structure modeling suggest the gallate formation activity of EcDQD/SDHs is based on the reorientation of 3-dehydroshikimate in the catalytic center, which facilitates the proton abstraction from the C5 position. Additionally, EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 maintain DQD and SDH activities, resulting in a 3-dehydroshikimate supply for gallate formation. In E. camaldulensis, EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 are co-expressed with UGT84A25a/b and UGT84A26a/b involved in hydrolyzable tannin biosynthesis. We further identified EcDQD/SDH1 as a “classical” bifunctional plant shikimate pathway enzyme and EcDQD/SDH4a/b as functional quinate dehydrogenases of the NAD+/NADH-dependent clade. Our data indicate that in E. camaldulensis the enzymes EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 provide the essential gallate for the biosynthesis of the aluminum-detoxifying metabolite oenothein B.
Solution concepts, well-posedness, and wave breaking for the Fornberg–Whitham equation
Authors: Hörmann Günther
Published: December 2020

We discuss concepts and review results about the Cauchy problem for the Fornberg–Whitham equation, which has also been called Burgers–Poisson equation in the literature. Our focus is on a comparison of various strong and weak solution concepts as well as on blow-up of strong solutions in the form of wave breaking. Along the way we add aspects regarding semiboundedness at blow-up, from semigroups of nonlinear operators to the Cauchy problem, and about continuous traveling waves as weak solutions.
Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die zukünftige Grundwassernutzung – Betroffenheiten, Handlungsbedarfe und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Bender Steffen , Groth Markus , Viktor Elisabeth
Published: December 2020

Die Ergebnisse regionaler Klimaprojektionen für Deutschland weisen auf eine Zunahme der mittleren Lufttemperatur und eine innerjährliche Verschiebung der Niederschläge – mit feuchteren Wintern und trockeneren Sommern – hin. Darüber hinaus werden sich regional die Häufigkeit, Intensität und Dauer von Hitzewellen, Trockenperioden und Starkregenereignissen weiter erhöhen. Durch diese Veränderungen wird sich auch der Jahresgang der Grundwasserneubildung ändern. Als Folge dessen können sich Änderungen bei den hohen, mittleren und tiefen Grundwasserständen, Grundwasserschwankungsbreiten und dem Grundwasserdargebot ergeben. Aber nicht nur die Ressource Grundwasser wird durch die Folgen des Klimawandels betroffen. Auch die gesamte Infrastruktur – von der Förderung bis zur Verteilungsleitung zum Kunden – kann beeinträchtigt werden. Neben den direkten Einflüssen sind auch indirekte Beeinflussungen durch Kaskadeneffekte – beispielsweise ausgehend vom Energiesektor – möglich. Darum gilt es integrative, ganzheitliche und systemische Lösungen zu erarbeiten, um die Funktionalität der kritischen Infrastruktur dauerhaft auch unter Berücksichtigung der Folgen des Klimawandels gewährleisten zu können.
Barriers and facilitators to targeted anxiety prevention programmes in families at risk: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Lawrence P. J. , Harvey K. , Williams C. , Creswell C.
Published: December 2020

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorder in children and young people. They can be prevented in those at risk, but families do not always take up opportunities to participate in prevention programmes. This qualitative study aimed to understand what families with children who were at prospective risk of anxiety disorders perceived to be the barriers to access to targeted anxiety prevention programmes, and to explore what would help facilitate access. We used Information Power to determine our sample size, and individually interviewed seven young people (14–17 years) who had anxiety disorders and their mothers, each of whom had pre-natal anxiety disorders. We transcribed all interviews and thematically analyzed them to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to targeted anxiety prevention programmes. Perceived potential barriers to access included possible negative consequences of anxiety prevention, difficulties in identifying anxiety as a problem and concerns about how professions would respond to raising concerns about anxiety. Possible facilitators included promoting awareness of anxiety prevention programmes and involvement of schools in promotion and delivery of prevention. Our findings illustrate that implementation of targeted anxiety prevention could be improved through (i) the provision of tools for parents to recognize anxiety in their children as a problem, (ii) promotion of awareness, as well as delivery, of anxiety prevention via schools and (iii) the involvement of parents and possibly adolescents in the intervention programme, but not younger children.
Multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis of the phytochrome gene family in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens
Authors: Trogu Silvia , Ermert Anna Lena , Stahl Fabian , Nogué Fabien , Gans Tanja , Hughes Jon
Published: December 2020

Key message

We mutated all seven Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens phytochrome genes using highly-efficient CRISPR-Cas9 procedures. We thereby identified phy5a as the phytochrome primarily responsible for inhibiting gravitropism, proving the utility of the mutant library.

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful tool for genome editing. Here we report highly-efficient multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 editing of the seven-member phytochrome gene family in the model bryophyte Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. Based on the co-delivery of an improved Cas9 plasmid with multiple sgRNA plasmids and an efficient screening procedure to identify high-order multiple mutants prior to sequencing, we demonstrate successful targeting of all seven PHY genes in a single transfection. We investigated further aspects of the CRISPR methodology in Physcomitrella, including the significance of spacing between paired sgRNA targets and the efficacy of NHEJ and HDR in repairing the chromosome when excising a complete locus. As proof-of-principle, we show that the septuple phy− mutant remains gravitropic in light, in line with expectations, and on the basis of data from lower order multiplex knockouts conclude that phy5a is the principal phytochrome responsible for inhibiting gravitropism in light. We expect, therefore, that this mutant collection will be valuable for further studies of phytochrome function and that the methods we describe will allow similar approaches to revealing specific functions in other gene families.
The entrepreneurial financing of the immigrant entrepreneurs: a literature review
Authors: Malki Bryan , Uman Timur , Pittino Daniel
Published: December 2020

There is an increasing interest in the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship. Despite the growing number of studies, the financing aspect of immigrant entrepreneurship is still an emergent subject. In this paper, we critically and systematically review the field of the entrepreneurial financing of immigrant entrepreneurs. For this purpose, we conduct a two-step analysis of 37 systematically selected articles. In the first step, we provide an overall description of the field, while in the second step we perform a SWOT analysis on different aspects of the field, including the units of analysis, the main questions, and the use of theories and methods in the field. The review identifies gaps and weaknesses in the field, suggests potential opportunities for future research, and highlights some threats that could impede the implementation of future opportunities. Finally, the review suggests further questions to be explored for future advancement of knowledge in the field.
The correctness and relevance of the modal ontological argument
Authors: Biłat Andrzej
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with some metaphilosophical aspects of the modal ontological argument originating from Charles Hartshorne. One of the specific premises of the argument expresses the idea that the existence of God is not contingent. Several well-known versions of the argument have been formulated that appeal to different ways of clarifying the latter. A question arises: which of the formally correct and relevant versions is proper or basic? The paper points to some criteria of formal correctness, and distinguishes two types of relevance for these versions: strong and weak. Its aim is to furnish a strictly worked out answer to the question, taking into account each of these types. As a result, a very simple, formally correct and (weakly) relevant version of the modal ontological argument is formulated. The results obtained are also used to criticize a popular belief about the relations in which the main versions of the modal ontological argument stand to one another.
Book, Text, Medium
Authors: Stewart Garrett
Published: December 2020

Book, Text, Medium: Cross Sectional Reading for a Digital Age utilizes codex history, close reading, and language philosophy to assess the transformative arc between medieval books and today's e-books. It examines what happens to the reading experience in the twenty-first century when the original concept of a book is still held in the mind of a reader, if no longer in the reader's hand. Leading critic Garrett Stewart explores the play of mediation more generally, as the concept of book moves from a manufactured object to simply the language it puts into circulation. Framed by digital poetics, phonorobotics, and the rising popularity of audiobooks, this study sheds new light on both the history of reading and the negation of legible print in conceptual book art.
Contestation sociale, liberté de réunion pacifique et d’association: quelles leçons tirer des expériences interaméricaines?
Authors: DUHAIME BERNARD , THIBAULT ANDRÉANNE
Published: December 2020

Cet article traite des droits à la liberté de réunion pacifique et d’association tels que garantis dans le système interaméricain de protection des droits humains. Il traite d’abord des dispositions de la Convention américaine relative aux droits de l’homme se rapportant à ces droits, de même que de leur importance pour les sociétés démocratiques et la jouissance des autres droits. Il est ensuite question de la nature positive et négative des obligations qu’ont les états en la matière, puis des limites acceptables de ces libertés dans les sociétés libres et démocratiques. Il analyse l’exercice de ces droits par certains groupes particuliers, dont les défenseurs des droits humains, les leaders autochtones, les sympathisants de partis politiques et les membres d’organisations syndicales. Il est également question de l’importance, pour une société démocratique, de laisser s’exprimer ces divers groupes, pour qui les activités associatives et les démonstrations publiques constituent des moyens privilégiés d’exprimer de leurs points de vue et de participer aux affaires publiques. En se référant aux principes abordés dans les parties précédentes, cet article traite finalement de la criminalisation de la contestation civile dans les Amériques, à la lumière des événements récents au Nicaragua, au Chili, et en Bolivie.
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment: Taking Stock and Prospects
Authors: DE HERDT SANDRINE W. , NDIAYE TAFSIR MALICK
Published: December 2020

This article takes stock of the contribution of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) to the development of international environmental law. It examines in this regard the jurisdiction of the tribunal and provides an overview of its environmental jurisprudence. It then assesses the potential role of ITLOS in relation to some marine environmental challenges ahead. In particular, it considers the possibility of a request for an advisory opinion on climate change, the settlement of disputes regarding deep seabed mining, and the potential role of the tribunal under a new legal instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.
Watergate, the Bipartisan Struggle for Media Access, and the Growth of Cable Television
Authors: Brownell Kathryn Cramer
Published: December 2020

As the televised Watergate hearings captivated the nation during the summer of 1973, they provided innovative programming that stimulated civic activism and taught Congress about the political power of television. Both of these developments ultimately boosted the fortunes of the cable television industry. The Senate hearings, which initiated a dramatic conclusion to a presidency that redefined the place of media in American political life, served to elevate a national conversation about the role of television in politics and to catalyze, across the political spectrum, a reconsideration of the structure of the broadcast network oligopoly. The post-Watergate era provided multiple opportunities to reimagine cable TV as a tool to assert political leadership, encourage civic engagement, and govern the public.
MILITARY WAGES AND COUPS D’ÉTAT IN SPAIN (1850–1915): THE USE OF PUBLIC SPENDING AS A COUP-PROOFING STRATEGY
Authors: Sabaté Oriol , Espuelas Sergio , Herranz-Loncán Alfonso
Published: December 2020

In 1833-1874, Spain suffered 0.7 coups per year. By contrast, the Restoration (1874-1923) saw the eradication of successful coups. This can be partially attributed to the turno pacífico, which allowed the main political parties to alternate in office without dragging the military into politics. We suggest, however, that the reduction in coup risk was also associated with a conscious budget policy. This, though, did not rely on increases in total military expenditure (which actually stagnated during most of the Restoration), but on the steady improvement of officers' remunerations and promotions. This strategy was probably detrimental to Spanish military capacity abroad, but was consistent with the objective of keeping the military out of politics.
Assessing policies to mitigate abandonment of shade-grown coffee production in forest systems amid low and uncertain prices
Authors: Albers Heidi J. , Brockmann Stephanie , Ávalos-Sartorio Beatriz
Published: December 2020

Low and highly variable prices plague the coffee market, generating concerns that coffee farmers producing in shade systems under natural forests, as in biodiversity hotspot Oaxaca, Mexico, will abandon production and contribute to deforestation and reduced ecosystem services. Using stakeholder information, we build a setting-informed model to analyze farmers' decisions to abandon shade-grown coffee production and their reactions to policy to reduce abandonment. Exploring price premiums for bird-friendly certified coffee, payments for ecosystem services, and price floors as policies, we find that once a farmer is on the path toward abandonment, it is difficult to reverse. However, implementing policies early that are low cost to farmers – price floors and no-cost certification programs – can stem abandonment. Considering the abandonment that policy avoids per dollar spent, price floors are the most cost-effective policy, yet governments prefer certification programs that push costs onto international coffee consumers who pay the price premium.
The Impossible Possibility of Palmquist’s Kant and Mysticism
Authors: Firestone Chris L.
Published: December 2020

Stephen R. Palmquist’s Kant and Mysticism revisits his earlier work on Kant and Swedenborg, arguing that, contrary to standard interpretations, the arguments of Dreams of a Spirit-Seer expand into ‘Critical mysticism’ throughout the Critical philosophy and into the Opus Postumum. Although the beginning portions of Palmquist’s book successfully disturb the standard portrait of Kant as the all-destroyer of metaphysics and religious experience, his argument for critical mysticism is inconclusive. It is impossible to know if his interpretation of the Opus Postumum is more right than its competitors. The conflict of interpretations shows Palmquist’s interpretation to be a hermeneutic impossible possibility.
Leaders of the New School? Music Departments, Hip-Hop, and the Challenge of Significant Difference
Authors: KAJIKAWA LOREN
Published: December 2020

The last two decades have witnessed a dramatic rise in dissertations, theses, and other academic publications exploring hip-hop music, while college courses on hip-hop history have become commonplace. The growing prominence of hip-hop music in our curricular and research agendas, however, does not necessarily make the study of music at colleges and universities more inclusive. In fact, the increasing attention musicologists and music theorists are paying to rap paradoxically threatens to shore up the value of whiteness in the discipline. This contribution addresses the problem by seeking answers to three interrelated questions: (1) What can the incorporation of hip-hop teach us about the challenges of ‘diversity' in music departments primarily devoted to the study and performance of Western classical music? (2) Does the work of non-Black scholars who write about music made by Black bodies contribute to the freeing of those bodies, or merely represent yet another way that they are consumed by white supremacy? (3) How can popular music studies help to overcome ongoing racial inequality within schools and departments of music? The arrival of hip-hop in music departments represents an opportunity to move in bold new directions. If we want to create a more just future for musicology and music theory, then the study of hip-hop in these fields will need to be accompanied by efforts to introduce forms of ‘significant difference’ that transform our respective disciplines as well as the institutions within which we work.
BINARY KRIPKE SEMANTICS FOR A STRONG LOGIC FOR NAIVE TRUTH
Authors: MIDDLETON BEN
Published: December 2020

I show that the logic
$\textsf {TJK}^{d+}$
, one of the strongest logics currently known to support the naive theory of truth, is obtained from the Kripke semantics for constant domain intuitionistic logic by (i) dropping the requirement that the accessibility relation is reflexive and (ii) only allowing reflexive worlds to serve as counterexamples to logical consequence. In addition, I provide a simplified natural deduction system for

$\textsf {TJK}^{d+}$
, in which a restricted form of conditional proof is used to establish conditionals.
Remember to be Jewish: Religious Populism in Israel
Authors: Ben Porat Guy , Filc Dani
Published: December 2020

The paper explores the relation between religion and populism in Israel. Jewish identity has been an important marker of citizenship and belonging in Israel since its inception. The founders of the Zionist movement and the dominant elites of early statehood remained dependent upon Jewish religion to demarcate national boundaries and legitimate territorial claims. With the establishment of the state, Jewish identity helped create and legitimate a segmented citizenship regime that secured privilege for Jews. Gradually, and especially in the past two decades, Jewishness became more contested, demarcating not only Jews from non-Jews but also “authentic” Jews from allegedly “cosmopolitan elites,” thus becoming part of populist politics, central to Israeli politics. The complex relation between religion and populism in Israel is demonstrated by the development of two populist parties; an “inclusive” one (Shas) and an “exclusionary” one (Likud). The study of the two parties shows the role of religious identities, tropes, and symbols in boundary-making and political strategies. In Israel, religion functions both as the positive content of the political community (the ethnos––the Jewish people—is conflated with the demos) and the demands for inclusion; and as the marker of a threat (non-Jewish citizens, asylum seekers, and allegedly disloyal secular elites).
Solution processed transparent anatase TiO2 nanoparticles/MoO3 nanostructures heterojunction: high performance self-powered UV detector for low-power and low-light applications
Authors: Ezhilmaran Bhuvaneshwari , Dhanasekar M. , Bhat S. Venkataprasad
Published: December 2020

A TiO2/MoO3 transparent bilayer based UV photodetector self-powered by the built-in potential at the interface.
Urease-free Ni microwires-intercalated Co-ZIF electrocatalyst for rapid detection of urea in human fluid and milk samples in diverse electrolytes
Authors: Arul P. , Gowthaman N. S. K. , John S. Abraham , Huang Sheng-Tung
Published: December 2020

Co-ZIF-NiMWs composite was fabricated on GCE and then utilized for the urease-free determination of urea in human urine and milk samples.
Tunable synthesis of benzothiophene fused pyranone and thiochromen fused furan derivatives via a domino process
Authors: Deng Qingsong , Yu Aimin , Zhang Shunguang , Meng Xiangtai
Published: December 2020

A K2CO3-promoted tunable domino reaction between thioisatins and α-bromoketones was developed for the synthesis of benzothiophene fused pyranone and thiochromen fused furan derivatives via adjusting MgSO4.
Ruthenium-catalysed C–H/C–N bond activation: facile access to isoindolinones
Authors: Hu Xiao-Qiang , Hou Ye-Xing , Liu Zi-Kui , Gao Yang
Published: December 2020

A facile ruthenium-catalysed C–H/C–N bond activation and the subsequent annulation of readily available benzoic acids with in situ generated formaldimines are developed for the efficient synthesis of a wide range of biologically important isoindolinones.
Improving the overall performance of photochemical H2 evolution catalyzed by the Co-NHC complex via the redox tuning of electron relays
Authors: Yatsuzuka Koichi , Yamauchi Kosei , Kawano Ken , Ozawa Hironobu , Sakai Ken
Published: December 2020

The catalytic performance of photochemical H2 evolution from water by Co-NHC-1 is dramatically improved by rational redox tuning of an electron relay.
Versatile fabrication of a passivation material, solute PEDOT:PSS, for a c-Si substrate using alcoholic solvents
Authors: Nguyen Van Hoang , Hoang Tuan K. A. , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Usami Noritaka
Published: December 2020

A different aspect of PEDOT:PSS as a passivation material of c-Si known as solute PEDOT:PSS is reported, where the carrier lifetimes of passivated c-Si are recorded to be more than 1 millisecond under an injection level of 1 × 1014 cm−3.
A New Nonparametric Algorithm for Preprocessing Stochastic Data with Uncertainty
Authors: Chzhan Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the problem of modeling stochastic processes under uncertainty. The peculiarity of the processes under consideration is that the researcher does not have information about the mathematical structure of the object; the object is represented as a black box. The article proposes to use a nonparametric modeling algorithm based on a nonparametric estimate of the regression function on observations. To improve the accuracy of modeling, it is proposed to use an algorithm for generating training samples. The algorithm differs from the previous modification by the definition of essential variables. The results of computational experiments have shown the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Dynamics of productivity of restored vegetation of the Izykhsky surface mine (Terra Modis)
Authors: Zhukov Alexander , Zhukova Elena
Published: December 2020

The subject of the study is the course of the dynamics of vegetation productivity on the dumps of the surface mine «Izykhsky» (2000-2019), using Terra Modis. The aim is to identify patterns of seasonal and long-term dynamics of restored vegetation as a result of succession according to images. The methodology included processing information on gross primary production and evapotranspiration, as well as identifying the relationship with meteorological data for 2018-2019. There is a positive trend in the long-term dynamics – in terms of total gross primary production from 1.7 to 5.5 kg/m2/8 days and in evapotranspiration from 1142 to 2784 kg/m2/8 days. The evapotranspiration correlated with the productivity. Since 2016, productivity has reached a plateau, which indicates the development of ecological niches by plants. The phytomass of the restored vegetation was in 1.5 times greater, than the mass of the steppe site. Seasonal dynamics in 2019 showed that communities on dumps have higher productivity, in contrast to the steppe, and one peak in the first ten days of July. The sum of temperatures and productivity had a high relationship (R2 = 0.7) in comparison with the steppe (R2 = 0.2). Terra Modis data can be applied in the field of ecological monitoring of vegetation of coal dumps.
Atmospheric temperature coherent variations effects, preceding strong earthquakes
Authors: Sverdlik Leonid , Imashev Sanjar
Published: December 2020

We analyzed satellite measurements of temperature at upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) levels separated by the tropopause above the epicentral area of a strong earthquake with a magnitude of M=7.3 in the Northern Tien-Shan (Kyrgyzstan) that took place on August 19, 1992. The developed algorithm and method of continuous wavelet transform allowed detecting of abnormal behavior, temporal, spatial and spectral coherence of short-period temperature variations, preceding the seismic event. The results show that the spatial structure and dynamics of temperature anomalies in the area of UTLS have a sufficiently stable relation to seismic activity.
Peculiarities the navigation satellites signals scattering in the layered structure of the tree stand
Authors: Podoprigora Vladimir , Sorokin Anatoly , Kharlamov Dmitriy
Published: December 2020

A scattering and attenuation processes of navigation satellite signals in the forest interaction with tree trank and crown layers a tree stand are presented. The influence of the boundaries soil - tree stand – crown - air on the characteristics of radio signals scattering after interaction with forest is considered. Structural and electro physical features of tree stand elements in the processes of interaction with signals of the L 1 range and experimental data on signal transformations the forest are analyzed.
Air monitoring system of the Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS
Authors: Zavoruev Valery , Kadochnikov Alexey , Tokarev Alexey
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the problem of monitoring the surface layer of the atmosphere of the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk with a population of one million people in order to study the regularities of the formation of a space-time field of particulate matter concentrations in the air. It is shown that such research can be performed only with the help of a system of scientific monitoring of atmospheric air. The Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center SB RAS air monitoring system is a set of special equipment and software designed to collect and analyze objective data on the state of atmospheric air in Krasnoyarsk. The main task of creating and operating the monitoring system is to form an information and analytical basis for research and development aimed at solving the problems of improving the environmental situation in Krasnoyarsk. The article presents the results of almost two years of experience in the operation of the monitoring system and the main results.
Analysis of temperature inversions during periods of adverse weather conditions in Krasnoyarsk in the winter period of 2019-2020
Authors: Dergunov Alexander , Yakubailik Oleg
Published: December 2020

The work is devoted to the search for relationships between the pollution of the atmosphere of Krasnoyarsk by particulate matter and temperature inversion – an increase in temperature with height in the surface layer of the atmosphere. The research is based on reanalysis data of the NASA GFS meteorological model for air temperature at different altitudes of the atmosphere and the results of measurements of concentrations of particulate matter in the air monitoring system of the FRC KSC SB RAS, as well as information about officially declared periods of adverse weather conditions. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there is a high degree of correlation between these values, and that it is possible to use the GFS model data to predict the environmental situation.
Le plan de sécurité : un outil pour la prévention des récidives suicidaires
Authors: Guilé Jean-Marc , Benard Nicolas , Bourdon Olivier , Griboval Yann , Lahaye Hélène , Mirkovic Bojan , Naepels Benjamin , Paluch Bastien , Pace Ugo , Segard Vanessa , Vandeputte Camille , Vernier-Hauvette Marie-Pierre , Benarous Xavier , Labelle Réal , Garny de la Rivière Sébastien
Published: December 2020

Une intervention psychothérapeutique protocolisée a été mise au point par Stanley et associés pour aider à prévenir de futurs comportements suicidaires chez les personnes qui ont déjà fait une tentative de suicide. Le plan de sécurité (PS) fournit aux suicidants une planification écrite, personnalisée, étape par étape, des stratégies de protection et d’adaptation (coping) à mettre en œuvre en cas de crise suicidaire. Le PS comprend six éléments informatifs : (1) les signes avant-coureurs liés à une augmentation des impulsions suicidaires; (2) les stratégies d’adaptation internes que l’individu est capable de mettre en œuvre par lui-même; (3) les stratégies d’adaptation à mettre en œuvre avec le soutien d’amis et de parents; (4) les moyens qu’il/elle peut employer pour contacter les personnes significatives au sein de son réseau de soutien social; (5) les professionnels de la santé mentale et les services d’assistance téléphonique à éventuellement contacter en cas d’urgence suicidaire; et (6) les stratégies pour obtenir un environnement plus sûr au domicile. Les PS sont élaborés avec les suicidants au décours de la crise suicidaire. Les suicidants sont encouragés à partager le SP avec un proche de leur réseau de soutien. Ceci est obligatoire avec un suicidant mineur. Le parent ou le responsable légal doit être impliqué dans la préparation et le suivi du PS. Afin d’évaluer en permanence le risque suicidaire de l’individu, les PS sont revus tout au long du suivi thérapeutique. Le SP est une brève intervention, facile à mettre en œuvre à la suite d’une tentative de suicide. On dispose de résultats de recherche prometteurs concernant son efficacité dans la prévention des récidives de conduites auto-agressives.
Survivre : une épopée en réanimation
Authors: Sportouch Sabine
Published: December 2020

La clinique des soins intensifs est une clinique de l’extrême. On survit et on y sauve des vies. Mais qui est ce « on » ? Ce sont d’abord les patients dont les fonctions vitales sont en jeu et dont les déficiences organiques majeures mettent la vie en péril. Les gestes pour sauver sont alors techniques, remarquables d’efficacité. Dans l’urgence, la parole a sa place aussi. Avant tout informative, elle se dit aux patients et aux proches.

Mais comment les patients et les soignants survivent-ils psychiquement ? Quels sont leurs gestes ? Quelles sont leurs paroles dans le temps de la survie ? De quelles natures sont-ils et quelles fonctions ont-ils dans les temps de la survie et dans l’après-coup de cette expérience limite ? Comment, pour les patients et les soignants, dont fait partie le psychologue, rester vivants dans ces lieux à haut risque psychique ?
Increasing yield, quality and profitability of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) under combinations of nutrient levels in fertiliser and planting density
Authors: Tian Chang , Zhou Xuan , Liu Qiang , Peng Jianwei , Zhang Zhenhua , Song Haixing , Ding Zheli , Zhran Mostafa A. , Eissa Mamdouh A. , Kheir Ahmed M. S. , Fahmy Ahmed E. , Abou-Elwafa Salah F.
Published: December 2020

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a crucial source of edible oil and livestock feeding, and is a promising biofuel crop. The increasing demand for oilseed rape requires strategies to increase yield while retaining quality. Field experiments were performed in southern China to evaluate the impacts of fertiliser level and planting density on dry matter accumulation, seed oil and protein content (%) and yield (per ha), oil quality, and the profitability of oilseed rape. Fertiliser treatments contained nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and boron (B) at four increasing rates, compared with nil fertiliser, and there were six planting densities (range 7.5–45 × 104 plants ha–1). Dry matter accumulation significantly (P < 0.05) increased in response to increasing plant population and fertiliser level, whereas harvest index decreased, suggesting that increasing the production of oilseed rape is limited to improvement of population quality. Seed oil and protein contents were significantly affected by fertiliser level rather than planting density. Increasing the fertiliser rate increased seed protein content, simultaneously slightly decreasing oil content. Glucosinolate content of rapeseed slightly decreased with increasing fertiliser but erucic and oleic acid contents were not affected, indicating that increasing the fertiliser rate might not reduce oilseed rape quality. Manipulation of fertiliser level was more effective than altering planting density for increasing seed oil and protein yields. Highest seed oil and protein yields resulted from the highest fertiliser application of 240 kg N, 52.4 kg P, 174.3 kg K, 15 kg S and 1.2 kg B ha–1, under a planting density of 22.5 × 104 plants ha–1. Maximum economic gain occurred with the two highest fertiliser levels, whereas planting density has no significant effect on profitability. A balanced application of NPKSB fertilisers should be employed with direct-sowing cultivation of oilseed rape, aimed at building a suitable population structure that balances plant population density and individual growth.
Age-based life history traits of two endemic Labeobarbus species, L. tsanensis and L. platydorsus, from Lake Tana, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremedhin Shewit , Bruneel Stijn , Getahun Abebe , Bekaert Karen , Anteneh Wassie , Torreele Els , Goethals Peter
Published: December 2020

The migratory and endemic Labeobarbus platydorsus and Labeobarbus tsanensis are threatened by extinction. This study is the first to use otolith microstructural analyses to infer life history traits of these species to assist in future conservation. We examined whole asterisci otoliths from 750 L. tsanensis and 542 L. platydorsus collected monthly between May 2016 and April 2017. The size of the L. tsanensis and L. platydorsus individuals collected was in the range 123–363- and 115–630-mm fork length respectively. For both species, 4- and 5-year-old individuals were dominant, whereas specimens older than 6 years were rarely recorded. The maximum ages recorded for L. tsanensis and L. platydorsus were 11 and 17 years respectively. Of the different growth models evaluated, the logistic growth model yielded the best fit to age-at-length data. For both species, growth parameters differed significantly between males and females, and sexual maturation proceeded faster in males than in females. Natural mortality estimates based on longevity were higher than the estimates based on growth parameters. For both species, females were predominant over males and the length–weight relationships were curvilinear. The estimated life history traits are important input parameters in further stock assessment evaluation of the species and should allow fisheries managers to optimise future conservation strategies.
Discrimination, HIV conspiracy theories and pre-exposure prophylaxis acceptability in gay men
Authors: Jolley Daniel , Jaspal Rusi
Published: December 2020

Background
Combination prevention, which includes pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is essential for achieving the zero HIV infections target in the UK by 2030. It is important to assess attitudes towards PrEP in at-risk populations. This study focuses on the effect of discrimination and HIV conspiracy theorising on attitudes towards PrEP in gay men in the UK. Methods: In total, 244 White British gay men completed a survey that included demographic questions and measures of sexual health screening, hypervigilance, sexual orientation discrimination, quality of contact with healthcare professionals, belief in conspiracy theories and attitudes towards PrEP. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression and mediation analysis. Results: Discrimination was positively correlated with HIV conspiracy beliefs and negatively correlated with PrEP acceptance. Mediation analyses demonstrated that the relationship between discrimination and attitudes towards PrEP was explained by HIV conspiracy theorising. Gay men who had attended a sexual health screening (vs never attended) reported higher belief in HIV conspiracy theories. A further mediation analysis showed that reported poor contact with a healthcare professional was associated with an increased belief in HIV conspiracy theories, which was associated with negative attitudes towards PrEP. Both perceived discrimination and poor contact with a healthcare professional were exacerbated by hypervigilance. Conclusions: HIV conspiracy theorising is an important variable in understanding attitudes towards PrEP among gay men. Its roots are in adverse social experiences (e.g. discrimination, poor contact with healthcare professionals) and its consequences may be the rejection of PrEP. HIV prevention and PrEP campaigns must focus on prejudice reduction and on challenging conspiracy beliefs.
Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: December 2020

E. ophiuroides is a perennial grass that has been intentionally introduced into tropical and warm temperate areas to be used as a lawn grass (USDA-ARS, 2016). In the United States it has become a common lawn grass principally in the southeastern states (Brosnan and Deputy, 2008; Duble, 2016). However, in the USA, it also behaves as a weed principally in disturbed sites and along roadsides (Coile, 1993; USDA-NRCS, 2016) and Miller et al. (2010) recently reported that it is invading natural and disturbed areas across the southern states. It is also listed as an invasive grass in Puerto Rico (Rojas-Sandoval and Acevedo-Rodríguez, 2015). E. ophiuroides spreads easily by seeds and by stolons and grows forming dense mats of prostrate, low-growing stems and leaves (Brosnan and Deputy, 2008). Plants also recover quickly after fire (Walsh, 1994).