bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Farmers’ livelihood strategies and perceived constraints from the poor and non-poor households: A dataset from a field survey in Nghe An, Vietnam
Authors: Khuc Quy Van , Vuong Quan-Hoang , Pham Phu , Nguyen My-Hien , Ngo Cong-Thang , Tran Phuong-Mai
Published: January 2021

rural livelihood, plantation forests, primary data, sustainable rural development, Vietnam
Surface integral and conformal focusing
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: January 2021

Surface integral and conformal focusind
LFNG is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, encoded by LFNG, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. LFNG mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of LFNG in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of LFNG expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.
EPO is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that erythropoietin, encoded by EPO, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. EPO mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of EPO in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of EPO expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.
Riomasriadein
Authors: Riomasriadein
Published: January 2021

Resume Explanation of Computer Systems and Functions
Wujudkan Peningkatan Derajat Kesehatan Masyarakat dengan GERMAS melalui Perbaikan Gizi
Authors: Ningrum Rossa Widhiya
Published: January 2021

Pada saat ini, Indonesia menghadapi masalah gizi ganda yaitu masalah gizi kurang dan masalah gizi lebih. Masalah gizi kurang pada umumnya disebabkan oleh kemiskinan, kurangnya persediaan pangan, kurang baiknya kualitas lingkungan (sanitasi), kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang gizi, menu seimbang dan kesehatan dan adanya daerah miskin gizi (iodium). Peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat sangat diperlukan dalam mengisi pembangunan yang dilaksanakan oleh bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu upaya peningkatan derajat kesehatan adalah perbaikan gizi masyarakat. Gizi yang seimbang dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh, dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan dan menjadikan pertumbuhan yang normal. Upaya perbaikan gizi masyarakat ditujukan untuk peningkatan mutu gizi perorangan dan masyarakat. Gerakan masyarakat hidup sehat merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, kemauan dan kemampuan bagi setiap orang untuk hidup sehat agar peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang setinggi-tingginya dapat terwujud. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan keadaan gizi masyarakat adalah melalui kegiatan UPGK, yang kegiatan pokoknya adalah penyuluhan gizi, pelayanan gizi, dan pemanfaatan pekarangan. Kegiatan UPGK jtlga merupakan kegiatan yang strategis dalam menyebarluaskan gerakan sadar pangan dan gizi agar masyarakat lebih sadar dalam mengkonsumsi makanannya
Operating System Structure
Authors: hidayat antonio alfarez
Published: January 2021

Sistem operasi terdiri dari beberapa komponen, antara lain manajemen proses,manajemen memori utama, manajemen file, manajemen sistem I/O, manajemen penyimpan sekunder, system jaringan, system proteksi dan system commandinterpreter. Proses adalah program yang sedang dieksekusi.
Kopi bagi Kita
Authors: Fathurozi
Published: January 2021

Tradisi minum kopi biasa dilakukan masyarakat setiap pagi. Sebagian menambahkannya pada malam hari ketika begadang atau tugas ronda. Namun, sekarang kopi tak lagi sekadar tradisi, tetapi menjadi rutin, atau kebutuhan sehari-hari, menjadi teman aktivitas sejak pagi hingga dini hari. Bahkan, hampir umum di setiap penyelenggaraan acara formal, juga informal, yang dilaksanakan pihak pemerintah ataupun swasta, selalu menyelipkan satu acara khusus: coffee break.
Imajinasi Kepemimpinan Politik Kita
Authors: Fathurozi
Published: January 2021

Seorang pemimpin diidentikkan sebagai orang yang dekat dengan penguasa alam semesta, Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa. Karena itulah, para pemimpin atau dalam tradisi feodalisme Jawa Kuno disebut bangsawan adalah mereka yang mampu menjadi pembimbing jalan kebajikan dan kebijaksanaan masyarakat, yang baik mangkubumi (mengayomi alam semesta), pakubumi (mengendalikan dunia) karena lewat dialah, perubahan menuju keadaan hidup yang lebih baik dipegang kendali.Demokrasi juga demikian. Tradisi kepemimpinan dalam demokrasi adalah “suara rakyat suara Tuhan”. Walaupun legitimasi kekuasaan dalam politik demokrasi tersebut diserahkan kepada suara mayoritas, namun Tuhan tetap –seakan- dilibatkan secara legitimatif sebagai yang berhak atas segala kehendak kekuasaan. Gambaran di atas menunjukkan betapa skaralknya makna kepemimpinan dalam sekian produk kebudayan politik dari belahan dunia mana pun, melintas batas dan ruang.
Meneladani KH. Ahmad Dahlan
Authors: Fathurozi
Published: January 2021

Ketahanan Muhammadiyah terletak pada konsistensi dakwah sosialnya, bukan pada politik praktis. Selama ini, tarikan Muhammadiyah untuk masuk secara tidak langsung dalam dunia politik keperataian memang sungguh besar, mengingat jumlah anggotanya di tanah air mencapai 30 juta jiwa. Kalkulasi politik siapapun akan menempatkan Muhammadiyah sebagai ormas yang bisa dijadikan basis kekuatan politik akar rumput.
Jurnal Pengamanan Aplikasi Pesan dengan Algoritma Caesar Chiper dan Affine Chiper
Authors: Efendi Naldo Putra , Efendi Naldo Putra , efendi Naldo putra
Published: January 2021

Keamanan dalam perlindungan pengiriman pesan merupakan hal yang harus diperhatikan, dikarenakan semakin berkembangnya zaman maka semakin canggih pula teknologi. Sehingga keamanan dalam pengiriman pesan maupun komunikasi data harus menjadi perhatian yang lebih. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan suatu metode atau algoritma yang dapat melindungi pesan yang akan dikirimkan kepada penerima pesan. Adapun Algoritma yang dapat digunakan dalam pengenkripsian yaitu Caesar Cipher, sebagai teknik kriptografi pengkodean pesan agar pesan yang terlihat sulit dibaca dan dipecahkan. Sedangkan untuk metode penyisipan pesan pada media gambar yang telah dienkripsi menggunakan steganografi metode End Of File (EOF), yaitu metode yang digunakan langsung pada akhir file. Dalam pengerjaan teknik pengamanan pesan pada system ini, menggunakan berbagai ukuran citra atau gambar yang akan disisipkan pesan rahasia yang telah dikodekan atau enkripsi yang kapasitasnya tidak jauh beda dengan foto atau gambar yang akan digunakan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penerapan Algoritma Caesar Cipher bisa dijadikan teknik pengamanan pesan dengan baik walaupun algoritmanya yang begitu sederhana namun tingkat keamanannya dibantu dengan metode End Of File (EOF) untuk menyisipkan hasil enkripsi dari algoritma Caesar Cipher sehingga tingkat keamanan yang dimiliki cukup untuk melindungi pesan informasi agar aman dari para penyadap atau peretas pesan yang tidak bertanggung jawab maupun sebagai perlindungan data-data yang dimiliki.
A pseudogene of WDR5 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that a non-coding RNA transcribed from the WDR5 locus (WDR5p), a pseudogene transcript, was among the transcripts whose quantity was most significantly different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. WDR5p transcript was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Modulation of WDR5p expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Structure and Relationships of University Instructors’ Achievement Goals
Authors: Daumiller Martin , Grassinger Robert , Dickhäuser Oliver , Dresel Markus
Published: January 2021

The present study examines the achievement goals of university instructors, particularly the structure of such goals, and their relationship to biographic characteristics, other aspects of instructors’ motivation, and teaching quality. Two hundred and fifty-one university instructors (184 without Ph.D., 97 with Ph.D., thereof 51 full professors; 146 males, 92 females) answered a questionnaire measuring achievement goals, self-efficacy, and enthusiasm in altogether 392 courses. Teaching quality was assessed using reports from 9,241 students who were attending these courses. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed mastery, performance approach, performance avoidance, work avoidance, and relational goals as being distinguishable from each other. Distinct relationships were found between different instructors’ achievement goals, and gender, age, and career status as well as self-efficacy and enthusiasm. Hierarchical linear models suggested positive associations of instructors’ mastery goals with teaching quality, while negative associations were indicated for performance avoidance goals and work avoidance goals in relation to teaching quality. Exploratory analyses conducted due to a quite large correlation between performance approach and performance avoidance goals indicated that for university instructors, differentiating performance goals into appearance and normative components might also be adequate. All in all, the study highlights the auspiciousness of the theoretical concept of university instructors’ achievement goals and contributes to making it comprehensively accessible.
Cognitive Abilities of school-aged Children with Cochlear Implants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Socher Michaela
Published: January 2021

It has been argued that children with CI might be at risk for cognitive delays, which may have negative consequences for academic success and social interaction with peers. In this systematic review it was found that most cognitive test have only been used to compare children with CI and children with TH in one or two studies. The stability of results across studies could therefore not be evaluated. Most studies did not control for language ability which makes it impossible to evaluate if differences in the cognitive domain might be explained by differences in language ability. Most studies also had low ecological validity. Future directions and possibilities to improve research on the cognitive abilities of children with CI are discussed.
The Burden of Being Certain: National Identity Certainty Predicts Support for COVID-Related Draconian Measures and Outgroup Conspiracy Beliefs
Authors: Chen Kaiyuan , Zhang Jinghui , Ao Xiang , Ramdass Jeffrey
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced various controversies. Some people debate about the usage of “draconian” measures of social distancing (e.g., lockdown). Others concern the origin of the pandemic with some buying conspiracy theories that attribute the cause of COVID-19 to the plot of some powerful outgroups. The current research examined national identity certainty (i.e., the certainty people placed in national identity) as predictor of these beliefs and attitudes. Two studies (total N = 625), one longitudinal and one cross-sectional, revealed that individual differences in national identity certainty predicted increased support of draconian measures and increased outgroup conspiracy beliefs. Moreover, realistic (but not symbolic) threat accounted for the increased support for draconian measures. Symbolic (but not realistic) threat accounted for the increased outgroup conspiracy beliefs. Our findings highlight how national identity certainty constrains individuals’ beliefs and attitudes towards issues related to the pandemic.
A novel approach to evaluating water quality impacts on visitation to coastal recreation areas on Cape Cod using data derived from cell phone locations.
Authors: Furey Ryan , Merrill Nathaniel , Sawyer Joshua Paul , Mulvaney Kate K. , Mazzotta Marisa J.
Published: January 2021

Linking human behavior to environmental quality is critical for effective natural resource management. While it is commonly assumed that environmental conditions partially explain variation in visitation to coastal recreation areas across space and time, scarce and inconsistent visitation observations challenge our ability to reveal these variations. With the ubiquity of mobile phone usage, novel sources of digitally derived data are increasingly available at a massive scale. Applications of mobile phone locational data have been effective in research on urban-centric human mobility and transportation, but little work has been conducted on understanding behavioral patterns surrounding dynamic natural resources. We present an application of cell-phone locational data to estimate the effects of beach closures on visitation to coastal access points. Our results indicate that beach closures on Cape Cod, MA, USA have a significant negative correlation to visitation at those beaches with closures, while closures at a sample of coastal access points elsewhere in New England have no detected impact on visitation. Our findings represent geographic mobility patterns for over 7 million unique coastal visits and suggest that closures resulted in approximately 1,800 (0.026%) displaced visits for Cape Cod during the summer season of 2017. We demonstrate the potential for human-mobility data derived from mobile phones to reveal the scale of use and behavior in response to changes in dynamic natural resources. Future applications of passively collected geocoded data to human-environmental systems are vast.
Test Item Sequencing and Academic Performance in Mathematics Among SS3 Students in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Etuk Ini S. , Bassey Bassey Asuquo , Owan Valentine Joseph
Published: January 2021

This study examined specifically, the effect of item sequencing on the academic performance in mathematics among SS3 students in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State. One null hypothesis formulated by the researchers offered guidance to the study. The study followed the quasi-experimental research design using two experimental and one control group. The stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting a sample of 474 SS3 students from a population of 9,768 students distributed across nine schools in Calabar Education Zone. The instrument utilized for information assortment was a mathematics achievement test (MAT). The null hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results from the analysis revealed that test item sequencing significantly affects students’ academic performance in mathematics, with those who answered the easy-to-difficult arrangement performing significantly higher than those who answered difficult-to-easy arrangement and random. While those who answered difficult-to-easy arrangement performed the least in the mathematics achievement test. Based on these findings it was recommended among others that for better students’ academic performance in mathematics, the examination bodies should adopt the method of arranging test items in order of difficulty (simple to complex).
Colonial Modernity in Historical Sociology
Authors: Hammer Ricarda , Itzigsohn José
Published: January 2021

Racism is central to colonial modernity, a global historical project tied to colonialism and imperial governance. Racism and its diverse historical manifestations should in theory be key areas of study for historical sociology: the displacement of populations, the dispossession of lands, genocide, slavery, the coercive exploitation of workers of color, and the creation of a way of seeing people through race. Yet, historical sociological scholarship has to date failed to address how racism and colonialism have structured the modern world. This, we argue, is the result of two problems: First, historical sociology’s ontology and vision of modernity does not see colonialism as central to and constituting the modern world. Second, historical sociology’s Weberian roots produced a methodological approach that detaches theoretical categories from specific historical contexts in the pursuit of generalization. This approach cannot capture the historicity of theory and thus address the subfield’s racial structures of knowledge. As an alternative, we propose that previously silenced anticolonial sociologists provide a different model for historical sociology, one that emphasizes the centrality of colonialism and empire in the constitution of modernity and locates theoretical categories in this historical context. We argue that to overcome the racial underpinning of its knowledge structures, historical sociology has to rebuild itself in this anticolonial mode.
TSINC: A Plagiarism-resistant Online Testing Method
Authors: Wang Yingwei
Published: January 2021

TSINC is a new online testing method. The acronym TSINC represents its five characteristics: Time-pressed, Sequential, Individualized, Not searchable, and Calibration-bound. Its primary feature is that it can be used to organize plagiarism-resistant online testing without human monitoring. In this paper, the logical basis of this method, its implementation details, applicable areas and limitations, test cases, and so on are reported.
Luvas antivibratórias: qual a evidência científica?
Authors: Santos Mónica , Almeida Armando , Lopes Catarina , Oliveira Tiago
Published: January 2021

Introduction / background / objectives The use of anti-vibration gloves is not as frequent as other individual protective equipment, so it becomes an area in which the professionals that exercise in the Occupational Health teams (and even employers and workers) have less contact and experience. In addition, when starting to research the topic, it is easy to see that there are contradictory data published, so there are many doubts about the benefit or not on its use. This review intends to summarize the most recent and pertinent articles published on this topic. Methodology This is an Integrative Bibliographic Review, initiated through a research carried out in December 2019 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, SCOPUS and RCAAP ”. Content For a glove be considered anti-vibration, it must comply with the criteria defined by the International Standardization Organization. The sensitivity to damage associated with vibrations has some variability between individuals. Vibrations can cause vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal changes; overall, the situation referred to as hand-arm vibration syndrome; this becomes more frequent with increasing exposure time and intensity. In addition to the direct protection that may exist in relation to vibrations, by keeping the hands dry and warm, vibratory damage can be indirectly attenuated. In addition, regardless of the vibration issue, the worker is also more protected from cuts, burns, chemical and biological agents. The greatest risk may then be to give the employer and employee a sense of protection when it is not real. In addition, some researchers believe that certain collective protection measures are more effective than gloves. Conclusions The published data are contradictory and the studies generally used small samples, so it is difficult to generalize the results with safety. In addition, it is easy to see that the protection, absence of it or even potentiation of vibrations will depend on numerous variables, namely working instrument, type of vibrations, model/ material and glove thickness in the palm and fingers, as well as grip strength exercised by the worker and its anthropometric dimensions. It is therefore a protective equipment that, in no way, can be considered as an added value, for any task or worker.
Síndrome do Túnel Cárpico: mais que movimentos repetitivos?
Authors: Costa Diana
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION/ FRAMEWORK/ OBJECTIVES Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a progressively painful condition of the wrist and hands, caused by compression of the median nerve, at the level of the carpal tunnel, on the anterior side of the wrist. There are several known risk factors, such as repetitive movements, loads, vibrations, diabetes or pregnancy, but some authors consider that in 50% of cases the etiology is idiopathic. This review aims to visualize CTS in addition to repetitive movements, seeking to provide a different perspective when relating it to inappropriate lifestyles, such as metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance. METHODS It is an integrative bibliographic review in the EBSCO databases: CINAHL Plus, Nursing & Allied Health Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), MedicLatina; MEDLINE, PUBMED and RCAAP, held in January 2020, considering what is described in the literature regarding carpal tunnel syndrome and insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome. RESULTS/DISCUSSION We found cross-sectional and case-control studies, in which CTS is associated with changes in glycemic metabolism (between 50 to 75% of cases), or manifestations at the insulin level, including changes in fasting insulin or HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Approaching the link between idiopathic CTS as an indicator of an inadequate lifestyle (marked by metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance) represents a first step towards early approaches in individuals with tendinopathies. It is proposed that professionals study possible insulin resistance as a suspect of all workers with idiopathic tendinopathies, requiring an effort from the entire multidisciplinary team. More than stretching, massages, anti-inflammatory drugs and muscle relaxers, it is necessary not to look at CTS as just “a fist”, but as a system that acts (repetitively) in synergy with inappropriate lifestyles, resulting from exposure to more risk factors beyond the most obvious.
Criação de um Protocolo de Atuação em caso de Escabiose no Centro Hospitalar de São João, na sequência de um surto de pequena dimensão
Authors: Pinho Paulo , Norton Pedro
Published: January 2021

Background Scabies outbreaks are common in hospital facilities around the world, nevertheless the management of such outbreaks is not universally defined, and so several approaches are valid. In this article we describe a short extent hospital outbreak, successfully controlled after the creation and institution of guidelines for the management of scabies. Methods Following an outbreak of scabies at a teaching hospital, a guideline for control and scabies treatment was created and applied. Data regarding the number of cases of hospital employees infected and the efficacy of the implemented guideline was analyzed six weeks later. Results Late diagnosis of scabies on a patient admitted to the Internal Medicine ward resulted in infection of eight hospital employees, who presented themselves with symptoms one month after the patient admission. They were submitted to treatment and possible contacts were surveyed for prophylaxis, according to the established guideline. There was no recurrence of cases after six weeks. Discussion Early recognition of a case of scabies is essential to prevent hospital outbreaks. In this sense we developed an informative triptych intended for health professionals. There are several possible therapeutic and prophylactic approaches to the disease, but the key to the rapid resolution of an outbreak is the timing for the treatment of cases and prophylaxis of contacts, which should be instituted simultaneously or within a 24 hour period.
Campos Eletromagnéticos: ênfase nas Medidas de Proteção Coletiva e Individual
Authors: Santos Mónica , Almeida Armando , Lopes Catarina , Oliveira Tiago
Published: January 2021

Introduction / framework / objectives Electromagnetic fields are already very extensively developed in the scientific literature, however, doing so through a generalist approach and/ or highlighting the possible consequences for human health. There are few documents that, under this theme, describe specific protection measures. The authors conducted a research with the objective of elaborating a synthesis what was written about this subtheme. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated at September 2019, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science, SCOPUS and RCAAP”. Content Many activities create these fields. In most workplaces exposure is discrete and there is no relevant risk. In all other cases, however, the risk dissipates with distance from the source. In addition, as most of these situations originate from an electrical appliance, when it is switched off, the problem no longer exists. Particularly exposed individuals may be pregnant women and individuals with active medical devices (cardiac stimulators, defibrillators, cochlear and brain stem implants, neurostimulators, drug infusion pumps and retinal coders). In terms of collective protection measures, the shielding/ insulation with metal, ceramic, plastic or glass plate or mesh can be highlighted;as well as protection with light curtains; reading apparatus and pressure sensitive mats; restriction of access by guards, barriers, signs, magnetic field signaling/ ionizing radiation, especially to individuals with active or metallic medical implants; prohibition of conductive objects; appoint the person responsible for safety management; training about body position during work and limitation of movements to attenuate induction of electric fields. While it is not difficult to shield electric fields, mitigating the effects of magnetic fields is more complicated. Furthermore, it is generally not possible to use effective Personal Protective Equipment uniformly: if it protects a range of frequencies, it will hardly protect for others. Examples include insulation footwear (thick rubber sole, non-steel); suitable gloves in isolation/ driving, glasses and full suit. Conclusions Given the omnipresence of the electromagnetic fields (although generally at intensities of low concern), it would be relevant for occupational health practitioners to have some notions of how to approach the subtheme. In addition, it would be important for some teams to have the opportunity to investigate in this context, improve customer service and, by publishing their data, contribute to a better understanding of the national reality and somehow evolve scientific knowledge in this area.
Tatuadores: principais Fatores de Risco e Riscos Laborais, Doenças Profissionais associadas e Medidas de Proteção recomendadas
Authors: Santos Mónica
Published: January 2021

Introduction/ objectives Over the last few decades getting tattoos has been progressively better accepted by society in most countries; thus, the number of establishments and professionals in the area has also increased. However, since it is a recent activity and with heterogeneous norms/ licensing, these individuals often escape the evaluation by Occupational Health. The literature on this subject is scarce. This review was intended to characterize the profession of tattoo artist with regard to: vocational training; main risk factors/ occupational risks; more prevalent semiology and associated major diseases; work accidents; collective/ individual protection measures adopted and associated legislation. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated through a survey conducted in April 2019 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS and RCAAP. Content In most countries, a person can work in the area without having specific qualifications; the products can be purchased via internet and the rules for opening the establishment vary locally. Given the absence of norms that parameterize the necessary qualifications to exercise, the same happens in the process of teaching in this sector. The main occupational risks/ risk factors are the quimical and biological agents, vibrations, noise, forced/ maintained postures, repetitive movements, visual effort, handling needles and sharps and prolonged shifts. Musculoskeletal semiology is very prevalent. Discussion / Conclusions / Limitations / Projects for the Future The risk factors are very similar to other professional sectors, such as dental medicine, which has already been studied in detail. Most of the few published documents on Tattoo Artists have a simplistic methodology and the samples are small. In addition, the absence of uniform labor standards and licensing undermines safe work. It would be very important that these arise and be progressively perfected. In a post-implementation phase, it would be desirable to have an institution with the capacity and authority to monitor compliance and to require the correction of identified problems. Similarly, it would also be interesting if the education process were also formalized and compulsory, perhaps starting at a technical level and evolving (if the progression of the sector allows or requires), to other degree.
Em época de Pandemia: Covid-19 como Doença Profissional- a experiência de um Instituto Português de Oncologia
Authors: Oliveira Álvaro , Leite Carlos , Rocha D , Morais Manuel , Bento João , Rocha Luís
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION The novel coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, has as its main factor of the disease spreading the transmission between humans. COVID-19 is the name given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to identify the disease caused by this agent. Portugal is currently experiencing the pandemic Mitigation phase, in which, in addition to community transmission, it is assumed that there is local transmission in a closed environment. This disease was recognized by the WHO and by the Portugal Directorate-General of Health as Occupational Disease in a health care environment. OBJECTIVE Evaluate and characterize the presumed cases of occupational disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, among workers with COVID-19, considering the respective interpretation of the causal nexus, individually. METHODS Retrospective, descriptive, observational study (case-series), carried out between march and july 2020 in workers of a Portuguese oncology institute, dedicated to provide care for patients with cancer, reviewing files in the clinical processes of the occupational health service software (UTILSST®). It was considered the infection of workers with SARS-COV-2, as an inclusion criterion. RESULTS 41 workers were diagnosed with COVID-19, with an average age of 43.70 ± 11.63 years. Of these, 87.80% (n= 36) were female. The professional category with the highest infection rate in the institution was the auxiliaries of nursing [46.34%, n= 19], followed by nurses [39.02%, n = 16]. The most affected service was a Medical Oncology Service [31.4%, n= 11]. In the studied population, the prevalence of cases presumed to be Occupational Disease was 80.49% (n= 33). Of these, 48.5% (n= 16) were by direct contact with an infected patient, 30.3% (n = 10) without a known index case, but with a diagnosis obtained in “Disease mitigation phase” and 21.2% (n=7) by contact with an infected worker. In 19.51% (n= 8) of all the cases, no Occupational Disease was presumed, due to contact with an infected index case in a social/ family environment. CONCLUSION The main sources of nosocomial transmission with an assumed causal nexus are patients with COVID-19. It is essential to put into practice and ensure the maintenance of adequate collective and individual protection measures to combat this disease, as well as ensuring a permanent update of the institution’s infection control program so that the risk of exposure is controlled.
Clinical and Echocardiographic Profile of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Presenting in Tertiary Care of Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Kumud , Uprety Ananta Bhakta
Published: January 2021

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the commonest arrhythmias with significant morbidity and mortality where there is uncoordinated activation of atrium leading to mechanical dysfunction of heart. Though rheumatic heart disease is very rare in the western world, it is still prevalent in developing country like Nepal. There is increased risk of development of heart failure, transient ischemic attack/stroke with increased rates of hospitalization.

Methods: This study was a descriptive cross sectional study done in 70 admitted cases of two tertiary centres of Kathmandu (Bir Hospital and Sahid Gangalal National Heart Centre) from February 2018 to August 2018, presenting with history and clinical examination suggestive of Atrial Fibrillation and diagnosis confirmed by 12 lead ECG.

Results: Among 70 cases, female to male ratio was 2.2:1. The mean age of patients was 60.03 ± 19.60 years with dyspnea (91%) followed by palpitation (76%) being commonest presenting symptoms. 15% of cases presented with Stroke. The most common etiology was rheumatic Heart Disease (38.6%) with female predominance. The most common valvular involvement was of mitral valve (71.4%). 8.6% of patients had clots in Left Atrium and majority had LA size >4cm.

Conclusion: In contrary to the studies in the western world, the most common etiology of AF is rheumatic Heart Disease with patients of younger age group with female predominance. Majority of the cases had structural abnormalities in echocardiographic study and left atrial enlargement was common finding risking for thrombus formation and embolization.
Pharmaco-economics Study: A cost variation analysis of various statin preparations available in Nepali market
Authors: Karki Sirisa , Paudel Gita , Bhurtyal Karma Murti
Published: January 2021

Background: Hyperlipidemia is one of the greatest risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of cardiovascular diseases. Treatment of hyperlipidemia with statins have proven efficacy in reduction of cardiovascular events. In the present study, we aim to find out the variation in cost of commercially available statin products in Nepal.

Methods: The price of different statin products with same formulation and strength was obtained from various medicine importers and distributors inside Kathmandu valley, Pokhara and Chitwan. Percentage of cost variation and cost ratio was calculated.

Results: High percentage of cost variation was observed among Indian product with Atorvastatin 10 mg (898.8% Cost ratio: 9.98) followed by Atorvastatin 20mg (894.52% Cost ratio: 9.94). Least percentage of cost variation was observed with Nepal manufactured Atorvastatin 5mg (49.62 Cost ratio: 1.49).

Conclusion: There is a wide percentage of cost variation with available statins in the Nepali market. Regulation of drug price by concerned agencies and by government should be a national priority. Rational drug prescription with low cost is important for treatment adherence and disease outcome
Gossypiboma! Never again: A case report
Authors: Bastakoti Shankar , Lamichhane Nirmal , Shrestha Binuma
Published: January 2021

Gossypiboma refers to a retained sponge in the surgical bed. We present a 40- year-old female from Terai region of Nepal presented with long standing abdominal discomfort which on further radiological examination complex adnexal mass was suspected. She had a history of emergency laparotomy for post-partum hemorrhage more than a decade ago. She underwent surgery for suspicious complex adnexal mass. On exploring fiber formed partly degenerated content was revealed, which on histopathology reveal foamy macrophages, degenerated material and fiber strands and finally diagnosis of Gossypioma was made. Prevention of gossypiboma is much better than cure.
COVID-19 and our canine companions: is biodetection a viable alternative?
Authors: Robinson Jared , Leclézio Alexandra , Banerjee Indrajit
Published: January 2021

No Abstract available.
Development of database “North Eurasia forest vegetation” in Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS
Authors:   Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Braslavskaya T.Yu. , Tikhonova E.V. , Basova E.V. , Prokazina T.S.
Published: January 2021

Published information about databases of digitized geobotanical relevés promotes cooperation between researchers who analyze vegetation biodiversity, exchange of used data and, therefore, the representativeness of research. The article provides an overview of the history, how the database of forest relevés was created, and considers the tasks in the solution of which it was used. The current stage of work is characterized: the improvement of the database structure, features of the stored information, replenishment of the database, the issues of administration and organization of cooperation. Based on the analysis of modern trends in vegetation science and taking into account the peculiarities of the information stored in the database, actual scientific problems are formulated, in the work on which the use of the base is promising, and technical tasks that need to be solved.
Influence of single trees on floristic diversity and population structure of rare plants species of steppe meadows
Authors:   Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ruchinskaya E.V. , Gornov A.V.
Published: January 2021

Steppe meadows preserved in the zone of deciduous forests of European Russia. These meadows have rich floristic composition and contribute significantly in biological diversity of territories. Bryansk region is one of the forest regions, where steppe meadows are sustained. There are meadows with high floristic diversity and big numbers of rare plant species. Trees from the surrounding forest areas insinuate constantly into these meadows. Most of the young trees die from regular fires and human agricultural activity. However, some individuals survive and pass into a generative state, in which they are relatively resistant to ground fires. The influence of single trees on the floristic diversity of steppe meadows was studied at two levels of organization of living systems – coenotic and population. Polydominant steppe meadows and polydominant steppe meadows with single generative trees were studied at the coenotic level. Coenopopulations of Iris aphylla, Anemone sylvestris and Anthericum ramosum were investigated at the population level. Different methods were used in the work: geobotanical, demographic, measuring environmental factors (luminance, steepness of slopes and frequency of fires). The study showed, that polydominant steppe meadows are supported on steep slopes unsuitable for haymaking and grazing and subjected to infrequent fire. These communities have high floristic diversity. Coenopopulations of model plants (Anemone sylvestris, Anthericum ramosum and Iris aphylla) are sustained there. Their ontogenetic spectra belong to left-hand type with maximum number of individuals. Single trees have controversial influence on polidominant steppe meadow vegetation. On the one hand, the species diversity of steppe meadows increases with the appearance of single generative trees because birds use adult trees like habitats and birds carry plant diasporas. On the other hand, mature trees shade grass canopy. It leads to decline of cover and occurrence of steppe and dry-meadow species. Also it affects plants coenopopulation structure. Ontogenetic spectrum of Anemone sylvestris stays full-stages but numbers of individuals is low. Ontogenetic spectrum of Iris aphylla loses ontogenetic stages (g1, g3) with numbers of individuals twice lower than on polidominant steppe meadows. Ontogenetic spectrum of Anthericum ramosum becomes incomplete with extremely low numbers of individuals.
Assessment of direct pyrogenic carbon emissions in forests of Russia for 2020 according to remote monitoring data
Authors:   Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ershov D.V. , Sochilova E.N.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of an assessment of pyrogenic Carbon emissions in the forests of Russia for 2020, carried out using remote monitoring methods. The area of forest damage from fires was 6.5 million hectares, and the amount of Carbon emissions was 36.5 MtC. Although the area of damages in the country as a whole is higher than the average annual values, the scale of pyrogenic carbon emissions is lower than the average annual values and in absolute terms corresponds to 2016. There has been an increase in fire Carbon emissions since 2012. A preliminary analysis of the entire observation period for fires suggests that 2021 may be the next year after 2003 and 2012 an abnormal year in terms of forest fire and the amount of direct fire Carbon emissions into the atmosphere.
Biodiversity and climate regulating functions of forests: current issues and prospects for research
Authors:   Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lukina N.V. , Geraskina A.P. , Gornov A.V. , Shevchenko N.E. , Kuprin A.V. , Chernov T.I. , Chumachenko S.I. , Shanin V.N. , Kuznetsova A.I. , Tebenkova D.N. , Gornova M.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute,   MB of Bauman Moscow State Technical University,   Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences of the Russian Academy of Science,   Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

The problem of assessing the impact of biodiversity on the climate-regulating functions of forests has fundamental character and great importance for sustainable forest management in the context of global climate change. On the one hand, climate changes affect biodiversity, on the other hand, it is biodiversity, as a provider of all ecosystem functions, underlies the mechanisms of adaptation to these changes. This paper aims to discuss scientific questions about the links between biodiversity and climate-regulating functions of forests, and to outline the prospects for these studies. It is shown that studies of the influence of plant and animal species – ecosystem engineers on forest ecosystem’s functioning, including climate-regulating processes and functions, are quite numerous. However, studies of the combined effects of the diversity of biota belonging to different trophic levels and groups on climate-regulating functions of forests of different types/different stages of succession are not carried out. In such studies, it is important to take into account both taxonomic, including genetic, and functional biodiversity as well as structural diversity of forests. Various concepts of forest management taking into account the conservation and restoration of biodiversity are considered. An important aspect of this problem is the assessment and prediction of relationships (synergy or trade-offs) between climate-regulating and other ecosystem functions of forests with different levels of biodiversity functioning in natural conditions and under the combined impact of natural and anthropogenic factors, including climate change, fires, and forestry regimes. It is shown that a promising approach to assessing and predicting the dynamics of relationships between different ecosystem functions of forests is the integration of mathematical models.
Hydroxychloroquine and risk of cardiac decompensation
Authors: Tilling Lindsey
Published: January 2021

Background Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline derivative, used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatic diseases. HCQ has also been suggested as a treatment in patients suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV-2). One of the cardiac complications of SARS-CoV-2 is myocarditis and ventricular dysfunction. Case summary We present the case of a 52 year old lady presenting with 2 months history of breathlessness, found to have severely impaired left ventricular function. She had been taking HCQ for 28 months for seronegative inflammatory arthritis. No cause was identified on initial investigation. She was treated with optimal medical therapy, and HCQ was stopped. After 5 months a cardiac MRI scan revealed full remodelling of the ventricle. Discussion This case highlights one of the lesser recognized side effects of HCQ, and the potential for severe cardiac dysfunction. As this drug continues to be investigated and used in the management of SARS-CoV-2 it is important to recognize the potential for cardiac decompensation in patients who are already at increased risk of myocardial dysfunction.
Post typhoid retinitis and neurosensory detachment
Authors: Gokarn Prarthana
Published: January 2021

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease capable of rarely producing ocular complications. These complications are usually seen after the third week, and is notoriously called, as the "Week of complications" by direct invasion or by allergic immune mediated reactions. It can present as uveitis, vasculitis, choroiditis, endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis. We here present an 18 year old boy presenting as retinitis with severe exudation and neurosensory detachment and which was managed successfully with steroids.