bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Big Brother Naija TV Reality Show as Coordinate of Media Functions and Dysfunctions
Authors: Folayan Bolu John , Ajibade Olubunmi , Adedoyin Olubunmi  Dipo , Onayinka Toyin Segun , Folayan Toluwani Titilola
Published: April 2021

The mass media play at least five basic functions which include news dissemination, surveillance of the environment, correlation of the components of the society, entertainment and transmission of social heritage.  Sometimes, disruptions and impairments do occur in the performance of these roles and some of these basic functions become dysfunctions, which turn the media into purveyor of negative values. The present study investigates how popular the Nigerian TV reality show, Big Brother Naija (BBN), is perceived by its viewers. Three hundred heavy viewers of the programme were surveyed from Lagos and Ede, South-West Nigeria, and their opinions and attitudes were sought regarding; why they like or dislike the programme; the gratifications that those who like the programme derive and whether the BBN, as media content, is generally functional or dysfunctional to the society. Sixty-six per cent 66 (33.7%) of respondents like the programme because it entertains. Half of the respondents, 99(50.5%) dislike ‘immoral aspects’ of the programme. The viewers affirm that the eviction part of the programme was their highest form of gratification.  Most respondents, despite public outcry against the programme, consider the programme to be “functional”. Findings reinforce the postulation that TV viewers are not passive consumers of media contents.
Effect of additional load on angular parameters during gait and balance in children with hemiparesis – Cross sectional study
Authors: Mishra Siddharth S. , Potdar Rashmi
Published: April 2021

Study aim: To study the effect of additional load over ankle and knee joints on angular parameters during gait and balance in children with hemiparesis.

Material and methods: 10 children with hemiparesis were recruited and stratified into 2 chronological age groups: group A (4–8 years) and group B (9–12 years). Additional loads of 0.7 kg and 1.1 kg were placed on the affected and non-affected lower limb at the ankle and knee joint for group A and group B respectively. Angular parameters during gait were assessed using Kinovea software (version 0.8.15) and balance using the Pediatric Balance Scale.

Results: Application of additional load of 0.7 kg over the non-affected leg knee joint is able to produce significant changes in ankle joint angles (p < 0.05) at initial contact and knee joint angles at heel-off (p < 0.05), toe-off (p < 0.001), acceleration (p < 0.05) and deceleration (p < 0.05) phases of gait and balance in group A, whereas on application of additional load of 1.1 kg over the affected leg at the ankle joint significant improvement in knee joint angles at initial contact (p < 0.001) and the deceleration (p < 0.05) phase of gait in group B was observed. There was significant improvement in the Pediatric Balance Scale score in both groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Additional load over knee and ankle joints of the affected and non-affected leg showed more improvement in angular parameters during gait and balance in younger children with hemiparesis than older children, as they present an immature form of gait that can be modified, corrected and brought back to a normal angle.
A Case Study of Transporting Urysohn’s Lemma from Topology via Open Sets into Topology via Neighborhoods
Authors: Coghetto Roland
Published: April 2021

Józef Białas and Yatsuka Nakamura has completely formalized a proof of Urysohn’s lemma in the article [4], in the context of a topological space defined via open sets. In the Mizar Mathematical Library (MML), the topological space is defined in this way by Beata Padlewska and Agata Darmochwał in the article [18]. In [7] the topological space is defined via neighborhoods. It is well known that these definitions are equivalent [5, 6].

In the definitions, an abstract structure (i.e. the article [17, STRUCT 0] and its descendants, all of them directly or indirectly using Mizar structures [3]) have been used (see [10], [9]). The first topological definition is based on the Mizar structure TopStruct and the topological space defined via neighborhoods with the Mizar structure: FMT Space Str. To emphasize the notion of a neighborhood, we rename FMT TopSpace (topology from neighbourhoods) to NTopSpace (a neighborhood topological space).

Using Mizar [2], we transport the Urysohn’s lemma from TopSpace to NTop-Space.

In some cases, Mizar allows certain techniques for transporting proofs, definitions or theorems. Generally speaking, there is no such automatic translating.

In Coq, Isabelle/HOL or homotopy type theory transport is also studied, sometimes with a more systematic aim [14], [21], [11], [12], [8], [19]. In [1], two co-existing Isabelle libraries: Isabelle/HOL and Isabelle/Mizar, have been aligned in a single foundation in the Isabelle logical framework.

In the MML, they have been used since the beginning: reconsider, registration, cluster, others were later implemented [13]: identify.

In some proofs, it is possible to define particular functors between different structures, mainly useful when results are already obtained in a given structure. This technique is used, for example, in [15] to define two functors MXR2MXF and MXF2MXF between Matrix of REAL and Matrix of F-Real and to transport the definition of the addition from one structure to the other: [...] A + B -> Matrix of REAL equals MXF2MXR ((MXR2MXF A) + (MXR2MXF B)) [...].

In this paper, first we align the necessary topological concepts. For the formalization, we were inspired by the works of Claude Wagschal [20]. It allows us to transport more naturally the Urysohn’s lemma ([4, URYSOHN3:20]) to the topological space defined via neighborhoods.

Nakasho and Shidama have developed a solution to explore the notions introduced in various ways https://mimosa-project.github.io/mmlreference/current/ [16].

The definitions can be directly linked in the HTML version of the Mizar library (example: Urysohn’s lemma http://mizar.org/version/current/html/urysohn3.html#T20).
The Second‐to‐Fourth Digit (2D:4D) Ratio of Male Combat Athletes is Associated with the Choice of Sport
Authors: Adamczyk Jakub , Safranow Krzysztof , Gajewski Antoni , Boguszewski Dariusz , Sozański Henryk , Sołtyszewski Ireneusz , Pepłońska Beata , Cięszczyk Paweł , Siewierski Marcin , Żekanowski Cezary
Published: April 2021

The second-to-fourth-digit (2D:4D) ratio has been widely used as a putative marker of prenatal exposure to testosterone in health, behavioral and sport sciences, but it has only been used few times regarding combat athletes. This study involved 200 male elite combat athletes (Olympic wrestling, kickboxing, judo, taekwondo and karate) and 179 males not participating in any sports. The lengths of the index finger (2D) and ring (4D) finger were measured using computer-assisted image analysis (AutoMetric 2.2 software). The 2D:4D ratio of combat athletes was significantly lower than that of the controls. Moreover, a lower 2D:4D ratio was found among wrestlers, judo athletes and kickboxers than in the control group, and a higher 2D:4D ratio was found, but with borderline significance, among karate and taekwondo athletes. Moreover, multivariate analysis adjusted for age showed that judo, Olympic wrestling and kickboxing athletes combined had 2D:4D ratios significantly lower (by 0.035 on average) than those of the rest of the subjects and that karate and taekwondo athletes together had 2D:4D ratios significantly higher (by 0.014 on average) than those of the rest of the subjects. The research results and literature review indicate that knowledge about the functional meaning of the 2D:4D ratio is still too fragmentary and it is too early to use the 2D:4D ratio in the selection of sport talent; however, it may be a useful criteria when screening prospective athletes to be recruited to a team. That is why 2D:4D reference values should be defined for particular sports.
Exploring mental models of the right to informational self-determination of office workers in Germany
Authors: Tolsdorf Jan , Dehling Florian , Reinhardt Delphine , Iacono Luigi Lo
Published: April 2021

Applied privacy research has so far focused mainly on consumer relations in private life. Privacy in the context of employment relationships is less well studied, although it is subject to the same legal privacy framework in Europe. The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has strengthened employees’ right to privacy by obliging that employers provide transparency and intervention mechanisms. For such mechanisms to be effective, employees must have a sound understanding of their functions and value. We explored possible boundaries by conducting a semi-structured interview study with 27 office workers in Germany and elicited mental models of the right to informational self-determination, which is the European proxy for the right to privacy. We provide insights into (1) perceptions of different categories of data, (2) familiarity with the legal framework regarding expectations for privacy controls, and (3) awareness of data processing, data flow, safeguards, and threat models. We found that legal terms often used in privacy policies used to describe categories of data are misleading. We further identified three groups of mental models that differ in their privacy control requirements and willingness to accept restrictions on their privacy rights. We also found ignorance about actual data flow, processing, and safeguard implementation. Participants’ mindsets were shaped by their faith in organizational and technical measures to protect privacy. Employers and developers may benefit from our contributions by understanding the types of privacy controls desired by office workers and the challenges to be considered when conceptualizing and designing usable privacy protections in the workplace.
The CNAME of the Game: Large-scale Analysis of DNS-based Tracking Evasion
Authors: Dimova Yana , Acar Gunes , Olejnik Lukasz , Joosen Wouter , Van Goethem Tom
Published: April 2021

Online tracking is a whack-a-mole game between trackers who build and monetize behavioral user profiles through intrusive data collection, and anti-tracking mechanisms that are deployed as browser extensions, DNS resolvers, or built-in to the browser. As a response to pervasive and opaque online tracking, more and more users adopt anti-tracking measures to preserve their privacy. Consequently, as the information that trackers can gather on users is being curbed, some trackers are looking for ways to evade these protections. In this paper we report on a large-scale longitudinal evaluation of an anti-tracking evasion scheme that leverages CNAME records to include tracker resources in a same-site context, which effectively bypasses anti-tracking measures that rely on fixed hostname-based block lists. Using historical HTTP Archive data we find that this tracking scheme is rapidly gaining traction, especially among high-traffic websites. Furthermore, we report on several privacy and security issues inherent to the technical setup of CNAME-based tracking that we detected through a combination of automated and manual analyses. We find that some trackers are using the technique against the Safari browser, which is known to include strict anti-tracking configurations. Our findings show that websites using CNAME trackers must take extra precautions to avoid leaking sensitive information to third parties.
A First Look at Private Communications in Video Games using Visual Features
Authors: Wajid Abdul , Kamal Nasir , Sharjeel Muhammad , Sheikh Raaez Muhammad , Wasim Huzaifah Bin , Ali Muhammad Hashir , Hussain Wajahat , Ali Syed Taha , Anjum Latif
Published: April 2021

Internet privacy is threatened by expanding use of automated mass surveillance and censorship techniques. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using video games and virtual environments to evade automated detection, namely by manipulating elements in the game environment to compose and share text with other users. This technique exploits the fact that text spotting in the wild is a challenging problem in computer vision. To test our hypothesis, we compile a novel dataset of text generated in popular video games and analyze it using state-of-the-art text spotting tools. Detection rates are negligible in most cases. Retraining these classifiers specifically for game environments leads to dramatic improvements in some cases (ranging from 6% to 65% in most instances) but overall effectiveness is limited: the costs and benefits of retraining vary significantly for different games, this strategy does not generalize, and, interestingly, users can still evade detection using novel configurations and arbitrary-shaped text. Communicating in this way yields very low bitrates (0.3-1.1 bits/s) which is suited for very short messages, and applications such as microblogging and bootstrapping off-game communications (dialing). This technique does not require technical sophistication and runs easily on existing games infrastructure without modification. We also discuss potential strategies to address efficiency, bandwidth, and security constraints of video game environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such exploration of video games and virtual environments from a computer vision perspective.
Security of complex economic systems: Risk management of their digital transformation
Authors: ZAKHAROV Vladimir Ya. , LUDUSHKINA Elena N. , KORNILOVA Elena V. , KISLINSKAYA Marina V.
Published: April 2021

Subject. The article presents an overview of recent results of foreign and domestic studies on the security of complex economic systems in the process of their digital transformation. During the deployment of Industry 4.0 technologies, the frequency, diversity and level of digital risks are growing faster than digital security tools for complex systems are evolving. This will offset the benefits of digital transformation, and can lead to large-scale failures.
Objectives. The aim is to identify sources of new threats, vulnerability areas of complex systems and possible losses, assess the result of measures taken, and form a modern paradigm for ensuring the digital security of complex systems.
Methods. The study employs identification, systems analysis and discussion of relationship between recent scientific results on this topic that enable to reveal methodological problems and determine the directions of their solution to ensure digital security at a qualitatively new level.
Results. We unveiled the behavior patterns of complex systems, which form systemic risks, identify trends that are changing the digital risk landscape, consider classifications of weaknesses and possible losses of enterprises in the process of their digital transformation, show the gaps in organizational capabilities to meet digital security requirements. The increasingly complex digital environment forces enterprises to redesign their plans for business continuity.
Conclusions. In the next decade, enterprises will need a new paradigm of security, organically combining economic and social aspects, a strategic and operational approach to the risk management of digital transformation, considering the security management as a flexible learning ecosystem.
The history of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency market development
Authors: CHALDAEVA` Larisa A. , DANILIN Arsenii A.
Published: April 2021

Subject. The article addresses the cryptocurrency market that originates from the creation of the world's first cryptocurrency, i.e. Bitcoin. It overviews the blockchain technology and mining procedures for the digital currency.
Objectives. The purpose of the study is to evaluate trends in the cryptocurrency market within the historical aspects, perform a profound analysis of digital assets terminology, including the concept of forks, tokens and altcoins, investigate changes in the Bitcoin and alternative cryptocurrency market by analyzing the Bitcoin Dominance Index, which has suffered significant fluctuations over the past five years.
Methods. The study rests on the systems analysis of conceptual framework, the design of classification criteria, the functional, structural, statistical, graphical, and economic analysis.
Results. The findings enabled to identify growth drivers for world’s cryptocurrency trading platforms. The growth primarily relates to the progressive development of the cryptocurrency market infrastructure. Other factors include the extended usage of stablecoins on the world’s biggest crypto exchanges.
Conclusions. The paper provides a detailed consideration of changes in the cryptocurrency market development, which are divided into three main stages. The cryptocurrency community appreciates blockchain projects that have introduced new technologies. The most popular projects are implemented in the banking sector or used in the interaction between the cryptocurrency industry and traditional fiat currencies.
The economic essence of receivables as a financial category: Industrial dimension
Authors: KASACHEVA Oksana V. , UDOD Viktor A.
Published: April 2021

Subject. This article discusses the formation of receivables that depends on the influence of numerous and at the same time heterogeneous factors.
Objectives. The article aims to develop methodological provisions for the content of receivables, its key elements, in order to establish an adequate management mechanism to maintain capacity to pay and maximize profits.
Methods. For the study, we used the systems approach, analysis and synthesis, and generalization.
Results. On the basis of generalization and systematization of published works on the subject matter, we have identified insufficient accounting of the impact of receivables at the macro level and show a new direction of the topic in terms of the functional assignment of receivables in the structure of working capital at the micro level.
Conclusions. Receivables are a kind of credit exposure of an economic entity. This risk has certain criteria such as volume and duration combined with time, quantitative and qualitative characteristics.
Refining going-public methods
Authors: NAZAR'YANTS Artur A.
Published: April 2021

Subject. The article examines the foreign experience of global trading platforms related to alternative ways of listing company shares on stock exchanges.
Objectives. I study the feasibility of adapting other methods of placing shares on Russian stock exchanges in order to develop the national financial market and increase the number of traded shares.
Methods. The study is based on general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative and comparative analysis, graphical method of analysis.
Results. As a result of the analysis of international experience and innovative methods of listing, it was determined that there are legal obstacles that currently limit the possibility of using new methods of listing shares in the Russian market. At the same time, there is a demand from small and medium-sized businesses, as well as large Russian non-public companies, for simpler and less expensive ways to enter the equity capital market.
Conclusions. The emergence of additional ways for companies to enter the stock exchange opens up more diversified and less expensive ways for issuers to place their shares, as well as expands the investor base and the overall attractiveness of the Russian financial market.
The New Student Activism
Authors: Radcliffe Talia
Published: April 2021

It is seemingly accepted that students have become passive members of civil society. Today's youth are comparatively disillusioned with their baby boomer parents' activist idealism, and have, therefore, sought a more personalized way to engage with the world: development projects. Students are in the unique circumstance of being bound to no dependents or income, which is quite an apt circumstance for activism of any type. Furthermore, students typically possess a desire to, at least, “find themselves” and at best,“change the world,” both of which are states of mind that make student development work specifically opportune. Since project‐based international development has taken a turn for the popular, it has become trendy for students to build schools, teach about HIV/AIDS, and install plumbing systems in the Global South. However, few of these initiatives appear to be informed by individual cultures and circumstances of living. Considering students are in an optimal life circumstance, it must be questioned what the best way might be to direct this unique position in order to instigate meaningful social change. Considering that students are at the apex of their educations, it is more appropriate and beneficial to have students live, experience and participate in communities in the Global South in order to truly understand the problems at hand and to recognize the priorities of varying communities and subsequently before advising policy‐makers. Positive change must be made at a halfway point between informed governmental policy and grassroots organizational empowerment, but change cannot and will not happen until information is generated from on‐the‐ground experience, and until our best resources are encouraged to learn before they take action.
Access to Lighting in Northern Ghana: Is Solar Power the Answer?
Authors: Buitenhuis Amy , Wiginton Lindsay
Published: April 2021

Solar lighting technology is seen as an exciting new opportunity for developing communities to have off‐grid access to lighting. It is promoted as a viable form of appropriate technology, and there are many projects which are attempting to implement this technology in rural communities across the world, including Ghana. Compared to its counterparts, Ghana is a rapidly developing African country; however, there remains much polarization between the northern and southern regions. The northern region is generally less developed, and one challenge faced is the lack of access to electricity and lighting. A project has been initiated by an international institution to develop the market chains of retail and distribution for individual solar‐powered lights in this region. The proposed benefits of the project are better studying conditions for students, more opportunity for conducting economic activity after dark, mitigation of health risks and improved community gatherings. However, solar panels are expensive and not commonly used in these types of communities; it is important to carefully examine the feasibility of the project for the average family in northern Ghana. The authors will present socio‐economic data gathered through 59 household interviews in three communities in northern Ghana. This data includes household expenditure on current lighting sources such as kerosene, flashlight batteries, and electricity; as well as current uses of lighting. Based on the income of families in these communities, as well as their specific lighting needs, the authors hypothesize that the project proposed is not viable for the members of these rural communities.
Meeting the Needs of Women: Current Treatment Options Available for Women Who Have a History of Physical, Sexual or Emotional Trauma and are Current Substance Users
Authors: Dalgleish Jordanne
Published: April 2021

There is growing research which describes a strong relationship between early trauma and abuse histories with adult substance abuse. This relationship has often been explained as a coping tool by women who learn to self‐medicate the distress created by abuse. (Eliason, 2006) Although this link has been researched and treatment options explored, counselling services, substance abuse treatment programs and health service programs have only recently come together to address the intersections of past trauma, substance abuse and vulnerability in terms of affecting negative health and treatment outcomes. (Poole & Greaves, 2007) Women with both trauma and substance use issues have had to catalogue their needs and seek separate services, which has often led to incompatible treatment programs. Women who seek out treatment to address issues of sexual trauma may jeopardize their sobriety when strong feelings surface in the counselling process, resulting in a relapse. (Poole & Greaves, 2007) Combining treatments for trauma and substance use may be more effective for clients, and may also be more cost effective in using resources. There is a need for more research to gather additional data and determine the significance and result of treatment outcomes.
Allegiance to America: The Identity of Individuals in The Union
Authors: Doerksen Sarah
Published: April 2021

The individual has been an enduring figure in American history, claiming prominence even in the turbulent decades of the nineteenth century characterized by conflict between industrialists and collective unions. Andrew Carnegie captured the American press’ headlines during this period. However, his appearance in American publications, such as the New York Times and Harper’s Weekly, frequently coincided with news coverage of his adversary, the Knights of Labor (KOL). This conceptual binary provides an opportunity to explore the place of the individual and conversely the group in American history. Neither Carnegie nor the KOL escaped censure by the mainstream media or by extension, the American public. But despite Carnegie’s immigrant background and endorsement of his Scottish heritage, the media portrayed the industrialist as distinctly American while they depicted the KOL as distinct from Americans. Historiography attributes the dichotomy between representations of the elite and the working class to a disparity of capital. However, claims to patriotism had to be accepted by the mass public. Focus should be redirected to the publicized accounts of Carnegie’s public commitments which coincided with American conceptions of civic involvement and reinforced this individual’s place in American society. In contrast, the media’s portrayal of the KOL’s activities, which reflected their members’ interests, emphasized the union’s collective unity and insularity. In exploring definitions of patriotism and American identity, the contrasting representations of Carnegie and the Knights of Labor speak to the importance ascribed to individualism in America and the expectation that Americans pledge allegiance to a single, national Union.
Playing With Time: An Analysis of Time and Space in Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
Authors: Lawrie Johanna
Published: April 2021

In this paper I will examine the multiple layers of time within Tom Stoppard’s play, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. Typically, a script plays with two definitions of the term: stage time being that of the audience and the “real world,” and dramatic time, the passing of time within the world of the play and the characters’ lives. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead is unique in its multitude of times, each occupying its own space within the story. Hamlet resides in a time that extends beyond that of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, while presenting the same story through different characters. When are these stories presented harmoniously, and when can gaps be found between the two plays in terms of time? In contrast, the play‐within‐a‐play presented in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, titled “The Murder of Gonzago,” represents the story even prior to the opening scene of Hamlet and has an omniscient quality, presenting elements of both Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. Though this play‐within‐a‐play represents the longest view of the overlapping stories, it is presented in the shortest amount of time. “The Murder of Gonzago” plays with the limitations of time and space and the acknowledgment of their presentation in theatrical terms. Throughout the paper I will determine the overlapping nature of times within the plays, how they are structured around one another, and what this symbolises for both the spaces of each play and the characters within.
Home and the World: A Look at the Gendering of Indian Nationalist Politics Through a Literary Lens
Authors: E Galloway Jenisse
Published: April 2021

Works of literature are not often given much credence in terms of their value or use in the writing and interpreting of history. However, it is important to realize the potential for novels to illuminate and give new meaning to particular historical issues and events. Rabindranath Tagore, renowned Indian author, Nobel Prize winner, and independence activist, in his novel, The Home and the World provides us with a good case and point. This influential work of fiction, published in 1916, offers an intriguing look at the way that the nationalist identity of India became highly gendered and sexualized as various nationalist groups attempted to confront the building conflict between tradition and modernity. My presentation will discuss the idea of the woman as the mother goddess of the nation, as well as the role of masculine insecurity in the unfolding of nationalist political action, through Tagore’s fictional depiction of the Swadeshi movement in early twentieth century India. Along with this artistic depiction, I will discuss a number of important historians of Indian nationalism to expose the numerous contradictions within these nationalist programs and how those contradictions manifest themselves in increasingly gendered trends such as a greater push for masculine aggression and a redefinition of the ‘ideal woman’. What The Home and the World exposes is that, despite the efforts of nationalists to keep the inner domain of the home unaffected by modernity, their tactic of placing women at the symbolic head of the nationalist movement had broken down the traditional boundaries of the home.
Close-Range Photogrammetry for Documenting and Enhancing Thamudic Rock Art and Epigraphy
Authors: Normand Stephanie
Published: April 2021

The eastern frontier of Roman Empire was ethnically and culturally diverse.  Yet despite the abundance of evidence for such diversity, we know relatively little about the peoples who populated the Roman frontier. A good case in point is the Thamudic people of the Hisma desert in modern day southern Jordan. The written historical record provides only two references from the classical period, along with a handful from the later Islamic period, all of which are contradictory. What is more, the sources give virtually no hints about their way of life. The archeological record is not much more revealing. In fact, the only tangible traces we have of these people are the vast numbers of inscriptions and petroglyphs they left behind. These inscriptions, however, can often be difficult to study due to centuries of weathering and vandalism, both ancient and modern. A way to document and enhance this material in a quick and accurate way in harsh, remote environments is urgently needed. Close-range photogrammetry with digital SLR cameras provides the ideal solution. Three-dimensional data from photogrammetry is quick to capture in the field, extremely accurate and requires nothing other than a consumer camera and software for post-processing. Using software adapted from the mining industry we can use a process known as depth-mapping to enhance even extremely shallow incisions and to reveal texts that have been damaged, or even intentionally erased. By doing so, we can gain a better understanding of the lives of these people on the Roman frontier.
Antinous: The Pederastic to the Divine
Authors: Wong Desmond
Published: April 2021

No face is more recognized as the ideal of ancient male beauty than Antinous and yet little is known about his life. Scholars have used his relationship with the Emperor Hadrian as evidence for their own means. This relationship has gone from a sordid and scandalous affair to purely platonic and educational, depending on the personal orientations of the scholars and the cultural trends of their age. The controversy about Antinous began immediately: the establishment of his cult after his death was mocked by contemporaries as an exaggeration and inappropriate mourning. Soon after it was fuel for Christian critics about the arbitrary nature of pagan deities. However, in Hadrian’s lifetime the cult became an established sect of the Imperial Religion, spreading throughout the Eastern provinces.  Why did this cult function successfully in the East, while being scorned in the West?  My paper will explore the reasons for the different response. I will argue that the pederastic relationship had been a long established tradition within the East but mocked as inappropriate in the West, at least in a public setting. In Greek culture there were numerous cases of such relationships in myth. The contemporaries who criticized the relationship of Hadrian and Antinous, and especially his cult, were reacting against a trend of Hellenization of Roman culture. This had been a debated issue since the Roman conquest of the East, and many times before, the champions of Roman tradition had depicted the spread of Greek ways as the triumph of moral corruption.
Pilihan Konsumen Dalam Menggunakan Fitur Go-Food: Variabel Kegunaan sebagai Moderator
Authors: Ni Putu Yuliana Ria Sawitri Luh Erynayati, Made Ayu Desy Geriadi,
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to see the useful role in mediating the effect of choice on intention to use. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Ngurah Rai University, located on Jalan Padma Penatih, Denpasar, Bali Province. The sample used in this study used a random sampling technique, where the respondents were students. The number of samples used was 100 people. The analysis technique used is the structural equation modeling (Structural Equation Modeling - SEM) based on the variant known as the Partial Least Square (PLS).The results showed that choice has a positive and significant effect on perceived benefits. The perceived usefulness has a positive and significant influence on the intention to use the Go-Food feature on the Gojek application. The choice of food variations has a positive and significant effect on the intention to use the Go-Food feature on the Gojek application. The perceived usefulness is able to mediate a positive and significant influence on the intention to use the Go-Food feature on the Gojek application.
ÜÇÜNCÜ DÜZEY KLİNİKTE NÖRAL TÜP DEFEKTİ SAPTANAN OLGULARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: YENİÇERİ Haççe , IŞIKALAN Mehmet Murat , ACAR Ali
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Üçüncü düzey kliniğimizdeki nöral tüp defektli fetüslerin maternal risk faktörlerini ve postnatal kliniklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu prospektif gözlemsel kohort çalışması, Mayıs 2019 – Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında perinatoloji kliniğimize başvuran nöral tüp defektli fetusa sahip 60 gebeyi içermektedir. Katılımcılarımızın yaşı, vücut kitle indeksi ve nöral tüp defekti risk faktörleri (diyabetes mellitus, sigara, folik asit kullanımı, vs.) sorgulandı. Ultrasonografik değerlendirme ile nöral tüp defekti büyüklüğü ve yeri tespit edildi. Risk faktörleri ve nöral tüp defektli fetüslerin gebelik sonuçları değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Hastaların 5 (%8.3)’inde pregestasyonel diyabet, 30 (%50)’unda sigara kullanımı mevcuttu. Katılımcıların 26 (%43.3)’sı folik asit desteği almamıştı. Fetüslerin 34 (%56.7)’ü kız, 26 (%43.3)’sı erkek idi. Annenin vücut kitle indeksi ile nöral tüp defekti büyüklüğü arasında zayıf korelasyon saptandı (r=0.219, p=0.09). Obez hastalarda daha geniş defekt boyutu izlendi (p<0.001). Katılımcıların %60’ının ağırlığı normalden fazlaydı.Sonuç: Nöral tüp defektleri intrauterin hayatta veya doğumdan kısa süre sonra ölümcül olabilmektedir. Bu gebeliklerde erken tanı konması ve terminasyon seçeneğinin sunulması önemlidir. Ayrıca nöral tüp defektlerinin engellenebilir risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi ve gebe adaylarının prekonsepsiyonel dönemde bilinçlendirilmesi önem arzetmektedir.
Possibilities of using methods of art therapy in psychological correction of emotional state of young women during pregnancy
Authors: Novikova Kseniya Vladimirovna
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research is the correction of emotional state of pregnant women using the methods of art therapy. The goal is to determine the possibilities of using the methods of art therapy in psychological correction of the emotional state of pregnant young women. Methodological framework contains thee works the field of perinatal psychology of such contemporary researchers E. A. Klimova, I. V. Dobryakov, N. P. Kovalenko, as well as the concept of systemic clinical art therapy developed by A. I. Kopytin. The article provides the results of experimental research on the possibilities of psychological correction of the emotional state of pregnant young women via art therapy. The theoretical importance of this article consists in systematization of theoretical provisions on the topic and substantiation of possibilities of using the methods of art therapy in psychological correction of the emotional state of pregnant young women. The practical significance is define by the acquired results, which can be implemented by perinatal psychologists and educational psychologists dealing with pregnant women. The scientific novelty lies in substantiation of the possibilities of using art therapy in correction of the emotional state of young women during pregnancy. The presented materials may considerably expand the representations on the possibilities of practical work of perinatal psychologists, as well as on application of the methods of art therapy. It is noted that undergoing art therapy improves the emotional state of pregnant women: reduce anxiety and fear, rigidity and frustration, while elevate activity and mood, interest and self-confidence. The obtained results are confirmed by statistics (the article employed G-criterion).
The problems of professional training of mediators in Russia
Authors: Vecherina Olga , Putalova Irina Borisovna
Published: April 2021

The object of this research is the professional training of Russian mediators within the framework of Master's Degree and vocational education. The subject of this research is the organizational and methodological problems of training and professional becoming of mediators, substantiated by the specificity of current legislation in this field, as well as the established practice of professional training. Application of general scientific methods allows examining the requirements of current Russian legislation in the sphere of professional training of mediators, comparing with the fundamental changes proposed in the draft law of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, and relevant practice. The author outlines the key vectors of professional training of future mediators offered by the Russian universities in the Master's Degree program. Based on the critical analysis of research and empirical methods (expert evaluation, survey), the authors determine the key personal and professional characteristics of the mediator, essential for successful their successful activity. The novelty of this work lies in drawing parallels between the requirements to professional training of mediators in the current legislation and according to the new draft law; as well as in the analysis of peculiarities and difficulties of professional training of mediators within the framework of the Master's Degree program “Mediation in Social Sphere” and competences that are considered of prime importance. The authors underline the need for raising requirements to the process of professional training of mediators, and their legislative consolidation. The top results can be achieved by acquiring basic legal or psychological education, as well as completion of the basic course of mediation prior to the advanced training.
Board games in learning foreign languages: theory and practice (on the example of Spanish language)
Authors: Dronova Svetlana
Published: April 2021

  The goal of this article consists in assessment of possibilities of using board games in the process of learning foreign languages. The object of this research is gamification in learning foreign languages, the subject is the educational potential of board games in teaching foreign languages to adolescents and adults. The relevance of this work lies in finding the new forms of integration of educational process and practical activity. The author notes an important advantage of communication in foreign language during the game over other forms of educational communication in shifting the focus of students’ attention and perception of foreign language as an instrument for achieving the goals of the game, rather than an end in itself. Special attention is given to variability of implementation of each game and ways of adapting to the educational goals, level of attainment, and allocated time. Based on the general scientific methods, such as literature searches, analysis and synthesis, classification, as well as empirical methods, such as experiment, observation and comparison, the  author provides methodological substantiation and review of the eight board games; seven of them are intended for learning any foreign language, not Spanish alone, which is taken as an example in this research. The article carries out classification of board games and gives comparative characteristic of the two types of games used in the educational process. The acquired results are of a practical nature and can be applied in teaching foreign languages on any level or stage of education. All methodologies were tested in learning Spanish language at the university in non-linguistic specialties, and demonstrated high effectiveness.  
Estudo sobre quedas na população geriátrica, da prevenção a morbimortalidade: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Gonçalves Matheus Hybner , Coelho Jemima Ferreira , Sousa Girley Cordeiro de
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Construir, por meio de um arcabouço teórico, um entendimento alicerçado e uniforme que reconheça a problemática em questão e que possa agregar conhecimento a prática clínica para população geriátrica. Métodos: Esse trabalho se trata de um estudo feito com base em uma revisão integrativa de literatura especializada e fundamentada em evidências. As etapas de elaboração foram: identificar o tema e selecionar a questão de pesquisa, buscar artigos em bases digitais e estabelecer critérios de inclusão e exclusão e análise com discussão dos resultados obtidos dos periódicos. Resultados: Pode inferir que os fatores de risco contribuem de forma significativa para a ocorrência da queda, e com ele suas complicações. Dessa forma, é imperativo a realização de uma avaliação ampla no idoso a fim de identificar os fatores de risco e prevenir a queda e seu desfecho. Considerações finais: Um atendimento multidisciplinar do paciente idoso é essencial, para que o médico possa ser capaz de identificar os fatores de risco para quedas presentes no processo de declínio fisiológico da vida. Buscando assim interver de maneira apropriada antes da ocorrência do evento. O médico ainda deve ser capaz de estimular a manutenção da sua autonomia e independência para a realização das atividades diárias.
JENDRAL HOEGENG IMAM SANTOSO: KAPOLRI JUJUR, DISIPLIN DAN SEDERHANA SEBAGAI TELADAN GENERASI MUDA
Authors: Hidayati Nur , Wahyuni Anny , Purnomo Budi
Published: April 2021

General Hoegeng Iman Santoso was the Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri) in 1968 - 1971. He is a son of the nation who was born in Pekalongan on October 14, 1921. This research uses the historical research method according to Daliman which consists of four steps, namely: 1) Heurustik ( data collection), 2) Source Criticism (testing), 3) Interpretation (Analysis), 4) Historiography (Writing History). The results of this study are 1) Biography of Hoegeng Iman Santoso 2) Career Tracks of Hoegeng Iman Santoso 3) Hoegeng's characters that can be imitated by the younger generation: a) honesty, namely behavior in an effort that makes him dependable in words, actions and activities, honesty Hoegeng should be used as a role model for the younger generation b) time discipline determines human fluency in achieving something he wants c) simplicity is an act that is in sync with actual conditions.
URGENCY IN CULTIVATING CULTURAL VALUES BASED ON SAPRAHAN TRADITIONS IN LEARNING HISTORY IN PONTIANAK CITY
Authors: Marjito Emusti Rivasintha , Juniardi Karel
Published: April 2021

This study entitled Urgency in Cultivating Cultural Values Based on Saprahan Traditions in Learning History in Pontianak City. This study aims to find out the tradition of saprahan in Pontianak City, cultural values in the tradition of the saprahan in Pontianak City, and the cultivation of cultural values based on the saprahan in learning local history in the city of Pontianak. This study uses the literature or literature method by reviewing books, journals, and other written sources related to the research theme. The results of the study recommend that the saprahan tradition is very important to be preserved in Pontianak City because it contains cultural values such as religious values, togetherness, hospitality, and brotherhood; cultural values in the saprahan tradition in Pontianak City can be implemented in learning local history; and the cultivation of cultural values based on the saprahan in learning local history in Pontianak City can be done through contextual learning.
СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНА МОДЕЛЬ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ ДО ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ДІАЛОГОВИХ ФОРМ НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Гуркова Т. П.
Published: April 2021

Статтю присвячено питанню підготовки вчителів початкової школи до впровадження діалогових форм навчання. Автором зазначено, що ефективність цієї підготовки залежить насамперед від оновлення змісту, навчально-методичного забезпечення, створення освітнього середовища в закладі освіти та мотивації самого вчителя. Використовуючи метод моделювання, проведено вивчення процесу готовності вчителів початкової школи до впровадження діалогових форм навчання за допомогою структурно-функціональної моделі. Автором уточнено та узагальнено трактування дефініції «модель», виявлено існування різних підходів до поняття «готовність», розглянуто його складники. Зазначено, що ця модель є уявною і реалізованою системою формування готовності вчителів початкової школи до реалізації діалогових форм навчання у системі післядипломної педагогічної освіти, яка ґрунтується на відповідних підходах і принципах, має динамічний, відкритий та гнучкий характер. У моделі відображено структуру формування готовності вчителів початкової школи до реалізації діалогових форм навчання у системі післядипломної педагогічної освіти впродовж усього навчання, як у курсовий період, так і в міжкурсовий. Запропонована модель складається з чотирьох блоків. У цільовому блоці окреслено мету та завдання дослідження питання підготовки вчителів початкової школи до впровадження діалогових форм навчання. Методичний блок розкриває підходи та принципи, які формують зміст курсів підвищення кваліфікації в системі післядипломної педагогічної освіти. Змістовий блок містить зміст курсового й міжкурсового періоду та самоосвітню діяльність учителів початкової школи. Звертається увага на методи та форми навчання, окреслюються педагогічні умови, розглядається дидактичне забезпечення вчителів в умовах Нової української школи. У результативно-рефлексивному блоці описано критерії, показники та рівні готовності вчителів початкової школи до впровадження діалогових форм навчання. Визначено актуальність теми, яка пов’язана із реформуванням і реалізацією Концепції Нової української школи та Державного стандарту початкової освіти на практиці.