bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Cyanoacrylate Injection Treatment for Refractory High-risk Peptic Ulcer Bleeding by Conventional Endoscopic Therapy
Authors: Tuo Biguang , Mou Haijun , Zou Cheng , Shi Guoqing , Wu Sheng , Xie Rui , Liu Xuemei , Yang Jie
Published: January 2022

Bleeding is a major and potentially life-threatening complication of peptic ulcer. Despite endoscopic hemostatic therapy advance, conventional endoscopic hemostatic modalities remain refractory for peptic ulcer bleeding with big size, fibrous base or in difficult-to-access anatomical locations. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection treatment (ECIT) for refractory high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding by conventional endoscopic therapy. The patients with refractory high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding by conventional endoscopic therapy were carried out ECIT. The data were retrospectively collected. A total of 119 patients accepted ECIT. 74 patients (62.18%) obtained successful intravascular injection and perivascular injection was performed in 45 patients (37.82%). Immediate hemostatic rate for active bleeding achieved 90.91%. Rebleeding rate within 30 days was 12.07%. Overall successful hemostasis rate achieved 87.93%. Immediate hemostatic rate and overall successful hemostasis rate in intravascular injection patients were markedly superior over perivascular injection. Rebleeding rate in intravascular injection patients was markedly lower than that in perivascular injection patients. 11 patients complicated abdominal pain and no other complication occurred. In conclusion, ECIT, especial intravascular injection, was effective and safe, with high successful hemostasis rate for refractory high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding by conventional endoscopic therapy.
Content Comparison of Long-Term Care Instruments Based On The International Classification of Functioning, Disability And Health (ICF)
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhao Jingpu , Liu Xiangxiang , Xie Xiaohua , Wang Yulong
Published: January 2022

Background: Aging crisis is proposing a huge challenge to the whole Chinese social welfare system, however a national Long-term Care (LTC) Instrument has not established yet. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the content of six selected LTCs based on the linkage of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), so as to provide insights for the development of Chinese national LTC instrument in the future. Methods: Two trained health professionals performed the linkage according to the refined ICF linking rules. The main concepts included in the items of three international LTC instruments, namely Minimum Data Set 3.0 (MDS 3.0), Initial Assessment Instrument(IAI), and New Assessment Tool for Determining Dependency on Nursing Care (NBA), as well as three Chinese instruments, namely Disability Assessment of Long-Term Care (DA-LTC), Specification for Elderly Care Unified Need Assessment in Shanghai Version 2.0 (SEC-UNA 2.0), and pictorial-based Longshi Scale (LS) were selected and linked to the ICF categories. The six selected LTC instruments were analyzed and compared at the levels of ICF components, chapters, and categories. Results: The main concepts of 340 valid items of the six LTC instruments were linked to 112 different ICF categories. Within the ICF framework, the “Activities and Participation” component was most frequently addressed in the LTC instruments followed by the “Body functions” component, and the percentages were 0.52 and 0.38, respectively. At the ICF chapters level, “b1 mental functions,” “d4 mobility,” and “d5 self-care” were the core of the LTC instruments. In addition, the contents of the six selected LTC instruments differed greatly. Conclusions: The ICF provides a useful external reference for the analysis and comparison of different LTC instruments. The findings suggest that key elements to determine eligibility for LTC in China need to be further identified. It is anticipated that this study will provide new insights for the development of Chinese national LTC instruments.
Determinants of improved cookstove adoption and its benefits in Ethiopia.
Authors: Kare Sintayehu , Alemu Abera , Mulugeta Melese , Ganewo Zerhun
Published: January 2022

BackgroundBiomass is the most dominant source of energy for both food cooking and lighting in rural parts of Ethiopia. Energy conversions are carried out in open fires using inefficient traditional stoves, results in poor quality of life due to smoking-related health outcomes, and consume a large quantity of wood. This resulted in increased costs of health and cutting trees which facilities climate change. To change the situation, improved cooking stoves (ICS) have been introduced through youth cooperatives in the study area.Objective The study examined the major sources of energy for the rural households, evaluate the health and related benefits of using improved cook stove and assessing the determinants for its adoption.MethodData were collected from 344 households using a questionnaire in supplement with interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and econometric models.ResultsThe findings of the study showed that only 22.97% of the respondents adopted the ICS whereas the vast majority (67.03%) still rely on traditional stoves that are highly inefficient. The positive and significant variables in predicting the adoption of ICS were the educational level of household head (OR 1.23; CI at 95% 0.029-0.040), access to ICS (OR 5.88; CI at 95% 1.05-2.48), affordability (OR 2.31; CI at 95% 0.11-1.56) and demonstration about the stove (OR 6.74; CI at 95% 1.13-2.68). Family size (OR 0.74; CI at 95% -0.45-0.12) and Availability of firewood (OR 0.27; CI at 95% -2.00-.56) significantly and negatively affected the adoption of the ICS.ConclusionsLow adoption levels of ICS were found in the study area. This has been triggered by socio-economic, institutional, financial, and resource endowments. Therefore, it is recommended that increasing access to improved stoves, diversifying income sources, creating awareness about ICS health benefits, climate changes, and providing reasonable prices will facilitate its adoption.
Integrating Core and Aeromagnetic Datasets to Evaluate Mineral Potential of Southern Nupe Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Usman Ayatu , Azuoko Geogerbest , Chizoba Joshua , Chinwuko Ifeanyi
Published: January 2022

Aeromagnetic and core drilled data covering parts of southern Nupe Basin was acquired and interpreted with the view to evaluating the mineral potentials of the area through interpretation of the structural features in the area; determination of the curie isotherm depth; and correlation of aeromagnetic outcomes with the core sample data from the area. Two major regional fault trends were interpreted, trending, Northeast–Southwest (NE–SW) and NNE–SSW with minor northwest–southeast (NW–SE) directions. Two depth sources in the area are delineated namely; zone of shallow seated basement which ranges from 0.42km to 1.5km and zone of deeply seated basement which ranges from 1.91 to 3.50km.Results of qualitative interpretation of the Total magnetic intensity map (TMI) and Residual intensity map reveal that the magnetic intensities ranges from 7500 to 8460 nano-Telsa (nT) and -220 to 240 nT respectively. The depth to the centroid and top of the magnetic caustic bodies ranges from 9.00 to 17.10km and 0.4 to 3.10km respectively. Juxtaposing the topographical and core drilling data reveals that the oolitic iron ore level follows the topographical level which implies that the topography of the area controls the configuration of the iron ore deposit level. All these deduction are made considering the geology of the area.
Influence of Welding Parameters On Grain Size, Haz and Degree of Dilution in 6063-t5 Alloy. Optimisation Through the Taguchi Method of the Gmaw Welding Process.
Authors: Valdenebro Jose Luis Meseguer , Conesa Eusebio José Martínez , Portoles Antonio
Published: January 2022

The aim of this work is to carry out the design of experiments that determine the influence of the welding parameters using Taguchi’s method on the grain size, HAZ, and the degree of dilution in 6063-T5 alloy. The welding process used is GMAW and the welding parameters are power, welding speed and bevel spacing. The study of the influence of the welding parameters on the measurements made in the welding (which are the size of heat affected zone, the degree of dilution, and the grain size) allows one to determine the quality of the joint . In addition, the welding parameter most influential in minimising the three measurements will be determined.
Deep Learning Classification of Active Tuberculosis Using Chest X-Rays: Efficacy of Transfer Learning and Generalization Performance of Cross-Population Datasets
Authors: Devasia James , Goswami Hridyanand , Lakshminarayanan Subitha , Rajaram Manju , Adithan Subathra , Bharanidharan Ambalavanan
Published: January 2022

Chest X-ray based diagnosis of active Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest ubiquitous tests in medical practice. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based automated detection of abnormality in chest radiography is crucial in radiology workflow. Most deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) for diagnosing TB by transfer learning from natural images and using the same dataset to evaluate the model performance and diagnostic accuracy. However, dataset shift is a known issue in predictive models in AI, which is unexplored. In this work, we fine-tuned, validated, and tested two benchmark architectures and utilized the transfer learning methodology to measure the diagnostic accuracy on cross-population datasets. We achieved remarkable calcification accuracy of 100% and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) 1.000 [1.000 – 1.000] (with a sensitivity 0.985 [0.971 – 1.000] and a specificity of 0.986 [0.971 – 1.000]) on intramural test set, but significant drop in extramural test set. Accuracy on various extramural test sets varies 50% - 70%, AUC ranges 0.527 – 0.865 (sensitivity and specificity fluctuate 0.394 – 0.995 and 0.443 – 0.864 respectively). Diagnostic performance on the intramural test set observed in this study shows that DCNN can accurately classify active TB and normal chest radiographs, however the external test set shows DCNN is less likely to generalize well on models trained on specific population dataset.
Metabolomics Study with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Hepatotoxicity on Adult Zebrafish (Brachydanio Rerio) after Exposure to Diquat
Authors: Xiao Ye , Lin Xiang , Liu Zhong-Qun , Zhou Mei-Lan , Ren Tian-Yu , Gao Rui-Li , Shen Wen-Jing , Wang Rong , Xie Xi , Song Yan-Ting , Hu Wen-Ting
Published: January 2022

Although diquat is a widely used water-soluble herbicide in the world, its toxicity to freshwater fish has not been well characterized. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics approach combined with histopathological examination and biochemical assays was applied to comprehensively assess the hepatotoxicity in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) after diquat exposure at two dosages of 0.34 and 1.69 mg·L−1 for 35 days. The results indicated that 1.69 mg·L−1 diquat exposure cause serious cellular swell and vacuolization with increased nuclear abnormality, and lead to obvious disturbance of antioxidative system and dysfunction in liver; while no obvious pathological injury could be detected, and changes in liver biochemistry were less pronounced at the dose level of 0.34 mg·L−1. Multivariate statistical analysis and pattern recognition showed different GC-MS profiles of zebrafish liver following exposure to diquat, the cluster of the treated groups were both clearly separated from the control samples. The differentially abundant metabolites mainly include carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, and their derivatives. In the exposure group of 1.69 mg·L−1 diquat, severe disturbances of amino acid metabolism played important biological roles associated with inhibition of energy metabolism, reduced immunity, and disorders in neurotransmitters as pathway analysis revealed. Additionally, fluctuation of inositol, creatine, and pantothenic acid, substances associated with stress regulation and signal transduction, participating in metabolic abnormalities in zebrafish with diquat-triggered hepatic damage. Energy metabolism of zebrafish exposed on 0.34 mg·L−1 diquat more inclined to rely on anaerobic glycolysis than the normal ones. Amino acid metabolism responses were less affected, but obvious interference effects on lipid metabolism were observed with 0.34 mg·L−1 diquat exposure. These results imply increased sensitivity of metabolomics versus histopathology and clinical chemistry in recognizing liver toxicity of diquat. This study will contribute to explore possible mechanism of hepatic damages on nontarget freshwater fish induced by diquat and provide important basis for its environmental risk assessment.
Comparison of Two Different Uses of Underbody Forced-air Warming Blankets for the Prevention of Hypothermia in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: a Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Yin Wenchao , Wan Qihai , Jia Haibin , Jiang Xue , Luo Chunqiong , Zhang Lan
Published: January 2022

Background: Forced-air warming (FAW) is an effective method of preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH). However, its warming effects can be influenced by the style and position of the FAW blanket. This study aimed to compare the effects of underbody FAW blankets being placed under or over patients in preventing IPH.Methods: Patients (n=100) undergoing elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the lateral decubitus position were randomized into either under body (UB) group or the over body (OB) group (50 per group). The core body temperature (CBT) of the patients was recorded from baseline to the end of anesthesia. The incidences of postoperative hypothermia and shivering were also collected.Results: A steady decline in the CBT was observed in both groups up to 60 minutes after the start of FAW. After 60 minutes of warming, the OB group showed a gradual increase in the CBT. However, the CBT still decreased in UB group until 75 minutes, with a low of 35.7℃ ± 0.4℃. Then the CBT increased mildly and reached 35.8℃ ± 0.4℃ at 90 minutes. After 45 minutes of warming, the CBT was significantly different (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative hypothermia in the UB group was significantly higher than that in the OB group (P = 0.023).Conclusions: The CBT was significantly better when the underbody FAW blanket was placed over patients compared with under the patients. However, there was not a clinically significant difference in CBT. The incidence of postoperative hypothermia was much lower in the OB group. Therefore, placing underbody FAW blankets over patients is recommended for the prevention of IPH in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery.Trial registration: This single-center, prospective, RCT has completed the registration of the Chinese Clinical Trial Center at 13/1/2021 with the registration number ChiCTR2100042071. It was conducted from 14/1/2021 to 30/10/2021 as a single, blinded trial in Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital.
The Relationship Between Social Support And Social Withdrawal Of Left-Behind Adolescents: A Chain Mediating Model
Authors: Wen Fangfang , Chen Chu , Yang Ke , Luo Zengqi , Xie Huiyi , Long Jiahui , Zuo Bin
Published: January 2022

Background: Nowadays, as more and more Chinese farmers in rural area went to city for work, they left their kids at home. These kids were left-behind adolescents and they developed without their parental accompany. The family function of left-behind adolescents was deficient, which may result in their social withdrawal in social situations. Therefore, in this study, in order to improve left-behind adolescents’ psychological and behavior problems, we aimed to investigate their level of social withdrawal and its impact factors. Method: There were 339 left-behind adolescents and 289 non-left-behind adolescents recruited from a Chinese junior high school. Their social withdrawal, social support, relative deprivation, and resilience were measured through questionnaires. Results: The results showed that compared with non-left-behind adolescents, left-behind adolescents had lower social support and resilience, but their social withdrawal and relative deprivation were higher; besides, left-behind adolescents’ social support negatively predicted social withdrawal, while relative deprivation and resilience played a chain mediating role between them. Conclusion: This study found that compared with none-left-behind adolescents, left-behind adolescents had difficulty in social adaptation. However, there was a “context-process-outcome” model in which social support negatively predicted social withdrawal, while relative deprivation and resilience played a chain mediating role between them. In sum, this study provided suggestions to promote the mental health and social behavioral development of left-behind adolescents.
Comparison of Animal Models for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Induced by Different Doses of Cyclophosphamide: a Network Meta‑analysis
Authors: Qi Yiwen , Zhu Yue-meng , Li Bin
Published: January 2022

IntroductionCyclophosphamide (CTX), is reported to be extensively used to establish POI animal model. But the most effective dose has not been systematically concluded yet. This systematic review and network meta-analysis is aimed to compare and rank the different doses of cyclophosphamide in the CTX-induced POI rat model.MethodsRandomized controlled trials of CTX-induced rat POI model were searched in four databases from inception to December, 2021. A network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the data of included publications. The quality assessment was assessed by SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Data were analyzed with STATA 15.0 and Review Manager 5.3.Result205 records were searched and a total of 14 articles met inclusion criteria, Compared by Ovarian morphological changes, estrous cycle and hormone level (FSH, E2, AMH), the loading dose of 200mg/kg CTX with the maintenance dose of 8mg/kg CTX for consecutive 14 days showed the best efficacy in inducing rat POI model.
Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis Applied to Identify the Immune Cell-related Hub Genes in ANCA Nephritis
Authors: Jin Juan , Zhang Di , Liang Mingzhu , He Wenfang , Zhang Jinshi
Published: January 2022

Background: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is the most common reason caused rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis worldwide. But the molecular mechanisms of ANCA - associated nephritis (AAN) have not been thoroughly expounded. So that，we aim to seek the potential molecular pathogenesis of AAN by bioinformatic.Result: Finally, four hub genes, PBK, CEP55, CCNB1 and BUB1B, were identified. These four hub geneswas verified higher in AAN than normal.Conclusion: Those four genes identified by integrated bioinformatics analysis may play a critical role in AAN. May offering a new insights and potential therapeutic to the AAN
Should the Preference-based Index Set of Values Be Country- or Disease-specific? An Analysis Using Data From Women With Symptoms of Overactive Bladder
Authors: Rocha Ana Paula Rodrigues , Brusaca Luiz Augusto , Sousa Ana Jéssica dos Santos , Oliveira Ana Beatriz , Driusso Patricia
Published: January 2022

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary incontinence (UI) are common conditions among women. However, no studies have evaluated the utility value of this population using different country-specific value sets. We aimed to 1) verify the difference between the preference-based index extracted from the Short Form six dimensions (SF-6Dv1) questionnaire in women with OAB using different country-specific value sets; 2) translate and cross-culturally adapt the King's Health Questionnaire Five Dimension (KHQ-5D) into Brazilian Portuguese; and 3) examine the association between utility index obtained by the SF-6Dv1 and KHQ-5D. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 387 women over 18 years of age with OAB symptoms, divided into groups with and without UI. All participants answered the sociodemographic questionnaire, KHQ, KHQ-5D, and SF-6Dv1. To the statistical analysis a two-way mixed ANOVA was applied to verify the interaction between the presence of UI and utility index obtained from different country-specific value sets. Post-hoc multiple comparisons were applied following the main analysis. Spearman’s test was applied to verify the correlation between the utility values of SF-6Dv1 and KHQ-5D. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: We evaluated 298 women classified according to the presence of UI (119 without UI vs. 179 with UI). The main analysis showed a statistically significant interaction between the presence of UI and the utility index obtained from the different countries (p = 0.005, Cohen’s d= 0.02). The post-hoc analyses showed that there was a statistically significant main effect of the utility index obtained from different countries (p <0.001, d = 0.63) and in the presence of UI (p = 0.012, d = 0.02). The correlations between the utility indices obtained from different countries using the SF-6Dv1 and KHQ-5D were significant, positive, and small. Conclusions: The differences between the indices obtained in different countries and groups with and without UI, assessed using the SF-6Dv1, are shown. The correlation between general and specifics preference-based measures was small; therefore, the SF-6Dv1 should be used with caution in cost-utility studies for this population. We recommend that in women with OAB, the value set for GPBM be obtained in countries where cost utility is applied.
Derivation and External Validation of a Simple Prediction Rule for the Development of Respiratory Failure in Hospitalized Patients With Influenza
Authors: Ayuso Blanca , Lalueza Antonio , Arrieta Estibaliz , Romay Eva Maria , Marchán-López Álvaro , García-Pais María Jose , Folgueira Dolores , Gude María José , Cueto Cecilia , Serrano Antonio , Lumbreras Carlos
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics worldwide with a significant morbimortality burden. Clinical spectrum of Influenza is wide, being respiratory failure (RF) one of its most severe complications. This study aims to elaborate a clinical prediction rule of RF in hospitalized Influenza patients.METHODS: a prospective cohort study was conducted during two consecutive Influenza seasons (December 2016 - March 2017 and December 2017 - April 2018) including hospitalized adults with confirmed A or B Influenza infection. A prediction rule was derived using logistic regression and recursive partitioning, followed by internal cross-validation. External validation was performed on a retrospective cohort in a different hospital between December 2018 - May 2019. RESULTS: Overall, 707 patients were included in the derivation cohort and 285 in the validation cohort. RF rate was 6.8% and 11.6%, respectively. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunosuppression, radiological abnormalities, respiratory rate, lymphopenia, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein at admission were associated with RF. A four category-grouped seven point-score was derived including radiological abnormalities, lymphopenia, respiratory rate and lactate dehydrogenase. Final model area under the curve was 0.796 (0.714-0.877) in the derivation cohort and 0.773 (0.687-0.859) in the validation cohort (p<0.001 in both cases). The predicted model showed an adequate fit with the observed results (Fisher’s test p>0.43). CONCLUSION: we present a simple, discriminating, well-calibrated rule for an early prediction of the development of RF in hospitalized Influenza patients, with proper performance in an external validation cohort. This tool can be helpful in patient´s stratification during seasonal Influenza epidemics.
The Independent Association Between Age and Serum Cholesterol Levels in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: He Jinchun , Wang Yaodong , Zhang Yanpei , He Zhijie
Published: January 2022

(1) Background: Studies have suggested that age and the serum total cholesterol (TC) concentration are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH); however, the relationship between age and TC in patients with FH is unclear. We aimed to investigate the correlation between age and TC in patients with FH. (2) Methods: In this retrospective, controlled not matched analysis, a total of 103 patients with FH and 106 non-FH controls were recruited into the study from 2004 to 2017. Spearman and partial correlation analyses, as well as multiple regression analyses, were used to evaluate the relationship between TC and age. (3) Results: There were no significant differences in age, gender, or BMI between the FH group and the control group (p > 0.05). Family history of CVD, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and non-HDL-C levels were significantly higher in patients with FH compared to the control (p < 0.01). Additionally, the serum TC levels for ages ≥ 50 years were significantly higher than those for ages < 50 years (p < 0.05) in FH patients. In both Spearman and partial correlation analyses, age was found to be significantly correlated with serum TC (p < 0.001) in the FH group but not in the control group, which was confirmed by further multiple linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses. (4) Conclusions: Age is an independent factor influencing serum TC level in patients with FH, and it is necessary to conduct early screening and early intervention.
RF-EMF Exposure Emitted From Mobile/cellular Phone and Risk of Glioma, Meningioma and Acoustic Neuroma: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Yuxin , Zhou Zhiru , Fei Quanming , Wang Ying
Published: January 2022

IntroductionTo evaluate the association between mobile/cellular phone use and risk of three intracranial tumors (glioma, meningioma and acoustic neuroma) based on case-control studies through pooling the published data .MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search in databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to September 2021. The primary outcome was the risk of tumors by mobile/cellular phone use, which was measured by pooling each odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). The random- or fixed-effects model was applied to combine the results depending on the heterogeneity of the analysis.ResultsWe ultimately included 6 articles for glioma, 6 articles for meningioma and 8 for acoustic neuroma from 1999 to 2015 . There was no significant association between mobile/cellular phone use and risk of glioma (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.81-1.17; I²=76.9%, p=0.001) and acoustic neuroma (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.76-1.25; I²=60.7%, p=0.013). And no statistical significance was observed between any subgroup of duration of use and these two type of cancer. Howerver, mobile phone use was associated with decrease the risk of meningioma, especially when the time since first use was between 0-5 years (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.90; I²=39.5%, p=0.142) and 5-10 years (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.93; I²=32.3%, p=0.194), while the protective effect disappeared in longer term (more than 10/11 years)(OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.80-1.03; I²=0.0%, p=0.870). ConclusionEvidence from our study mobile/cellular phone use may decreased risk of meningioma. Further studies are needed to explore the possible influence of long-term use of mobile phone and underlying mechanism.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of residences toward antimicrobial usage and resistance in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Dejene Haileyesus , Birhanu Rediet , Tarekegn Zewdu Seyoum
Published: January 2022

Background

Antimicrobials are essential for human and animal health. Drug resistance to an antimicrobial agent follows the introduction of a new antimicrobial agent. Evidence suggests that the public plays an important role in the risk, increase, and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Gondar city residences regarding antimicrobial use and resistance.
Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2021 on 400 randomly selected Gondar city residents using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The descriptive and Chi-square tests were used to analyse the data.
Results

The response rate was one hundred percent. Approximately 75% of respondents were men, with 32% having completed secondary school. Nearly 74% and 35% of participants were married and worked in various government jobs, respectively. Furthermore, 48%, 54%, and 50% of respondents, respectively, had moderate knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practice concerning antimicrobial use and resistance. The chi-square analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) disparity between knowledge and educational level, marital status, and position in the house. The respondents' attitude level was also significantly associated (p < 0.05) with their educational level, marital status, occupation, and position in the house. Respondents' practice level was also significantly associated (p 0.05) with their educational level and occupation. The study also found a significant relationship between respondents' knowledge and attitude (χ2 = 215.23, p ≤ 0.001), knowledge and practice (χ2 = 147.2, p ≤ 0.001), and attitude and practice (χ2 = 116.03, p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion

This study found that study participants had some misconceptions about antimicrobial use and resistance. As a result, enforcing antimicrobial regulation and educating people about antimicrobial use are both recommended.
Genome Size Evaluations in Cockroaches: New Entries
Authors: Monti Manuela , Redi Carlo Alberto , Capanna Ernesto
Published: January 2022

Background: Ten years ago the main Genome Size (GS) database contained records for 830 insects; although this number has now nearly doubled, 1645 (Gregory 2011 vs Gregory 2021 databases), the paucity of records highlights both the difficulty of animal field trapping and the time-consuming laboratory techniques to evaluate them. Thus, new entries are necessary to reach a satisfactory GS panorama for cockroaches. Results: We report GS values for nine cockroaches (order Blattodea, families Blattidae, Blaberidae and Ectobiidae, ex Blattelidae,), three of which are original additions to the ten already present in the GS database: the death’s head roach (Blaberus craniifer), the Surinam cockroach (Pycnoscelus surinamensis) and the Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae). Three of our values confirm the existing data for the German (Blattella germanica), the oriental (Blatta orientalis) and the giant Mexican (Blabera fusca) cockroaches. Regarding the GS of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) the GS database contains two contrasting values (2.72 vs 3.41 pg). We suggest that the 2.72 pg value is likely to be the correct GS as it strikingly similar to our sperm DNA content evaluation (2.80 ± 0.11 pg). Finally, we suggest halving the published GS of the Argentine cockroach Blaptica dubia and the spotted cockroach (the gray cockroach) Nauphoeta cinerea as our estimates come from the evaluation of the sperm DNA content. The data already reported in the literature are based on DNA contents of neural cells (likely polyploid) obtained by grinding entire heads of animals.Conclusions: Although the paucity of the GS data does not allow firm considerations on the possible evolutionary role played by the GS in diversifying cockroach species, we offer two speculative hypotheses that need to be validated by increasing the available GS records: (i) the occurrence of a correlation between increasing 2N chromosome number and GS within the order Blattodea; and (ii) the possible occurrence of a polyploidization phenomenon doubling a basic GS of 0.58 pg of some termite families (superfamily Blattoidea, epifamily Termitoidae) up to the maximum GS value of 3.24 for the Blaberidae family within the order Blattodea (super-order Dictyoptera).
Effects of the Light Irradiance on the Growth and Lipids Content of Amphidinium Carterae (Dinophyceae) for Biofuels Production
Authors: Mendoza-Flores Armando , Galindo-Sánchez Clara Elizabeth , Sánchez-Saavedra M. del Pilar
Published: January 2022

The irradiance level used to the microalgae cultures can modify the growth and proximate composition, however, this response is specie specific. The dinoflagellate group had the potential to be used as a source to biofuel production. In this study was evaluated the effect of five irradiance levels (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µmol photon m-2 s­-1) on the growth rate, proximal composition, pigment content, and photosynthesis of Amphidinium carterae. The highest cell concentration was for the cultures at 150 µmol photon m-2 s-1 (130 × 103 cells mL-1), and the lowest values for 50 µmol photon m-2 s-1 (49 × 103 cells mL-1). The cultures maintained under the low irradiance (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1) had the highest values of total dry weight (TDW) (13418 pg cell-1), organic dry weight (ODW) (3836 pg cell-1), and inorganic dry weight (IDW) (9582 pg cell-1). The protein content as the general trend increases significantly concerning the irradiance level, with the higher values (87.47 pg cell-1) at high irradiance (250 µmol photon m-2 s-1). Carbohydrate content was different by the effect of irradiance, with the higher values (32.85 pg cell-1) at the low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1). Lipid content was modified by the effect of irradiance, with the highest values (534.74 pg cell-1) at the low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1). As a general trend, the high irradiances increased the photosynthesis curves. These findings demonstrate that the strain of A. carterae used in this work can grow in high irradiances (100 to 250 µmol photon m-2 s-1) and increase significantly the lipid content on low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1).
Challenges of COVID-19: the Experience of Bule Hora University Nursing Students (Qualitative Study Approach)
Authors: Gelchu Shiferaw
Published: January 2022

Background

COVID-19 brings several challenges to nursing education that involves both classroom theory and clinical-based practical education. These challenges affect the function of health care and academic institution. The students were vulnerable to the challenges of COVID-19 in the clinical care setting. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges of COVID-19 experienced by nursing students during their clinical practice education.
Methods

The qualitative study method used a phenomenological approach. A total of four Focus group discussions were conducted in this study. Each FGD consists of six participants in which twelve from third and twelve from fourth-year nursing students. The Quota sampling technique was applied in this study to enroll study participants. The moderator who fluently speaks the English language and Note taker was involved in the study to guide group discussion and to record the data. ATLAS.ti version-7 software was used for coding and forming quotations.
Results

After data analysis, four main themes and twelve subthemes emerged in this study. The main themes of this study were; Risks to contracting COVID-19, Negative impact on health care, Worry, and Loss of experienced staff.
Conclusion

Nursing students faced many challenges of COVID-19 during clinical practices. These challenges affect nursing students in learning practical skills and health care facilities to provide quality care. The students give emphasize on their learning by implementing COVID-19 prevention protocols. In addition, health care workers focused on safe procedural practices.
What impact have Covid-19 pandemic era on violence against women in India - A retrospective comparative research study from January 2018 to December 2021
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe safety of women is of significance and prime concern in India due to a huge female population, equity issues, gender issues, lack of positive deviance at community level, illiteracy, socio-economic factors, migration from rural to urban areas, inaccessibility to legal help and of course many more factors. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had presented a challenge even for developed nations around the world regarding women’s protection in the ongoing pandemic era & especially in the lockdown period when it’s really difficult to go out and shout for help. Aim and ObjectivesThe main aim of this research is to find out impact of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic on violence against women in India across different states and union territories from the beginning of pandemic i.e. January 2020. The objective is to find out that the covid-19 era has a positive or negative impact over violence against women. Data from various accredited sources were continuously collected, observed and analysed for this research study. Settings & DesignThe month-wise and state-wise data indicating number of complaints registered with National Commission for Women in India(NCW) under different categories are presented in different table 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8 will be discussed and displayed. The period of study is from January 2018 to 2021 December. This is a retrospective cross-sectional continuous observational qualitative and quantitative as well as comparative study. The two years of covid-19 pandemic i.e. 2020 and 2021 is compared two previous two years to know the impact of covid-19 on violence against women in India.Materials & MethodologyThe data is collected from accredited and reliable sources of National commission for women, India as well as various other sources listed in this research study. The data obtained is analysed by using Microsoft Office software. To reduce the length of article the detailed description and analysis is not provided in this version.ResultIncrease in violence against women in India is seen in this covid-19 pandemic era as compared to pre-pandemic years under observation. See Figure 1 and figure 2:- comparison of number of cases of domestic violence and various forms of violence to know the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and lockdown situations in India. During the second year of pandemic i.e. 2021 the total numbers of Nature-Wise Report of the Complaints Received by NCW was 30865 which is an increase by 55.03 % compared to 2018 and 56.43 % as compared to 2019.ConclusionIndia should have various strategies to ensure safety of women and their mental health issues in such pandemic like situations. It seems that present laws and regulations are insufficient to give the desired results. The barriers of legal and protective system and delivery of helpful services etc. constraints should be rectified added with a proper dynamic plan to carry on usual women protection services even in pandemics and natural disasters.
The Epilepsy Ontology: a community-based ontology tailored for semantic interoperability and text-mining
Authors: Sargsyan Astghik , Wegner Philipp , Gebel Stephan , Baksi Shounak , Jose Geena Mariya , Lange-Rupprecht Vanessa , Darms Johannes , Schultz Bruce , Klein Jürgen , Jacobs Marc , Ryvlin Philippe , Madan Sumit , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Kodamullil Alpha Tom
Published: January 2022

Motivation: Epilepsy is a multi-faceted complex disorder that requires a precise understanding of the classification, diagnosis, treatment, and disease mechanism governing it. Although scattered resources are available on epilepsy, comprehensive and structured knowledge is missing. In contemplation to promote multidisciplinary knowledge exchange and facilitate advancement in clinical management, especially in pre-clinical research, a disease-specific ontology is necessary. The presented ontology is designed to enable better interconnection between scientific community members in the epilepsy domain.Results: The Epilepsy Ontology (EPIO) is an assembly of structured knowledge on various aspects of epilepsy, developed according to Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) Foundry principles. Concepts and definitions are collected from the latest International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification, domain-specific ontologies, and scientific literature. This ontology consists of 1,879 classes and 28,151 axioms (2,171 declaration axioms, 2,219 logical axioms) from several aspects of epilepsy. This ontology is intended to be used for data management and text mining purposes.
Dapsone is an anticatalysis for Alzheimer’s disease exacerbation
Authors: Lee Jong Hoon , Kanwar Badar , Lee Chul Joong , Sergi Consolato , Coleman Michael
Published: January 2022

This study investigated leprosy patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with dapsone (4,4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, DDS) as a cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway and neuroinflammasome competitor.
We searched the Sorokdo National Hospital medical records and the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) from January 2005 to June 2020.
Four groups were defined: Treatment (T) 1: DDS prescription (+) AD prevalence (+), T 2: DDS (+) AD nondiagnosed (-), T 3: DDS nonprescription (-) AD (+), T 4: DDS (-) AD (-). The T1:T3 tests demonstrate that the incidence of AD is significantly reduced in the presence of dapsone among AD patients. The T1:T3 tests demonstrate that the incidence of AD is significantly reduced in the presence of dapsone among AD patients.
T1 (M = 0.18, SD = 0.074):T2 (M = 0.55, SD = 0.14) and T3 (M = 0.18, SD = 0.074):T4 (M = 0.55, SD = 0.14) explain that dapsone effects on AD can be clearly distinguished according to its presence or absence.The T1:T4 and the T2:T3 test demonstrate a causal relationship in which the presence or absence of dapsone determines the onset of AD. The T1:T3 test proved that the incidence of AD was significantly reduced by dapsone. (The t-value is -23.1, p-value is < .00001, significant at p < .05) The T2:T3 test proved that the prevalence of AD was significantly high without dapsone, and without AD was increased with dapsone. (The t-value is -6.38, p-value is < .00001, significant at p < .05)
AD is increased in the absence of dapsone. Our study has demonstrated that dapsone has the potential for the prevention of AD. This study indicates that dapsone is a valid preventive therapeutic for AD.
KEYWORD: Neuroinflmmasome, Alzheimer's disease, Dapsone
A comparative study on Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB composites for As(V) removal from water: preparation, characterization and reaction mechanism
Authors: Jiang Changjin , Zhang Ting , Li Shuhui , Yang Zhaoguang
Published: January 2022

Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB composites were prepared using an ionotropic gelation method. Various techniques were used to analyze the morphology, structure, and property of the adsorbents, including SEM, EDS, FT-IR, XPS, and zeta potential. Compared with Fe(III)-chitosan, Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB was more effective for As(V) adsorption at a wide range of pH (3–8). The adsorption of As(V) onto Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB could reach equilibrium in 20 min, and their maximum adsorption capacities were 33.85 and 31.69 mg g‒1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model (R2=0.998 and 0.992), whereas the adsorption isotherms was fitted well by the Freundlich model (R2=0.963 and 0.987). The presence of H2PO4− significantly inhibited the adsorption of As(V) onto Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB, and humic acid also led to a slight decrease in As(V) adsorption by Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB. Over 94% of As(V) at the initial concentration of no more than 5 mg L−1 was removed from real water by the two adsorbents. 1% (w/v) NaOH solution was determined to be the most suitable desorption agent. Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB still maintained their initial adsorption capacities after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Based on different characterization results, both electrostatic attraction and surface complexation mechanisms played important roles in As(V) adsorption on Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB.
Optimization of novel single-step gelatin extraction method using RSM model for valorization of surimi industry by-products
Authors: Khushboo  , Kaushik Nutan , Widell Kristina Norne , Slizyte Rasa , Kumari Asha
Published: January 2022

Surimi industry produces large quantity of by-products as a combination of skin, bones, and scale, which due to technical difficulty in separation, are being currently utilized for production of low- value products such as biofertilizers and fish feed. Present paper focuses on utilization of combined skin, bones, and scale from Pink Perch (Nemipterus japonicus) obtained from surimi industry for gelatin extraction using single step process. Single step extraction method with acetic acid and water was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to maximize yield and gel strength so that the process can be applied for sustainable utilization. Parameters such as pH (A), extraction temperature (B) and extraction time (C) with respect to yield and L-hydroxyproline content were optimized. Highest gelatin yield was obtained at pH 3, 75°C extraction temperature, and 30 min extraction time. Gelatin yield and L-hydroxyproline content under optimum condition were 16.2% and 41.62 mg.g−1. The chemical composition, functional, rheological, and structural properties of gelatin were examined and compared with commercial bovine gelatin. Gelatin thus obtained at optimized condition exhibited high gel strength (793g) and higher imino acid content (18.1%) than bovine gelatin. FTIR spectra depicted high similarities between both gelatin sample. Thus, the optimized method can be utilized for gelatin extraction from Pink Perch by-products for development of high value products such as food application.
Determination of Biomass Power Plant Location Using GIS-Based Heuristic Methods: A Case Study in Turkey
Authors: AKGÜL Adem , Seçkiner Serap
Published: January 2022

Biomass conversion to bioenergy has always been necessary to ensure the most efficient use of the limited biomass resource and enable economic viability. Evaluating biomass transportation cost, electricity transmission cost and heat transferring cost between power plant location/s and supply/demand points and selection of an optimum power plant capacity is an important issue for a robust supply chain design. In this study, we employed designing optimum biomass to the bioenergy supply chain for agricultural activities using Geographic Information System and Simulated Annealing algorithm to overcome a real-world problem in Bismil District of Diyarbakır/Turkey. Our goal is to define a potential investment location/s on the trigeneration system by comparing the trade-offs between the raw material/end-product transportation costs and facility/s and pipeline installation costs. To determine possible locations for power plants, distance matrices were retrieved from suitable candidate power plant locations and agricultural parcel, settlement and the nearest high voltage electricity line from the Geographic Information System. The results showed that establishing one power plant is feasible. The net present value of a potential investment is almost 260 million Euros and the re-payment period is 1.33 years.