bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identité et politique : le courant Tupac Katari en Bolivie
Authors: Lavaud Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2014

En Bolivie, la mobilisation indianiste démarre au début de la décennie 1970 au sein des syndicats paysans de l’ altiplano . Il prend le nom de Tupac Katari, chef d’un des soulèvements les plus importants de l’époque coloniale contre la couronne espagnole, pour symboliser la continuité du combat indianiste actuel avec celui de ce résistant célèbre. Comment interpréter l’irruption de ce courant syndical, et bientôt politique, dans le paysage social bolivien ? Tel est l’objet de cet essai écrit en 1982, avant la mise en perspective historique de Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui ( Oprimidos pero no vencidos. Luchas del campesinado aymara y qhechwa , La Paz, Hisbol, 1986) et l’importante somme documentaire de Javier Hurtado ( El katarismo , La Paz, Hisbol, 1986). Une post-face rédigée pour cette publication complète ces réflexions à l’aune de l’histoire récente de la Bolivie.
The Application of Cryoprobe Therapy in Orthopedic Oncology
Authors: Walker Kyle , Lindeque Bennie
Published: August 2014

The cryoprobe is a relatively new surgical tool offering a more selective destruction of unwanted cells. Using expanded versions of basic thermodynamic formulas of conduction and convection, mathematical models are becoming more effective at mapping out the zone of destruction that can be expected when using cryoprobes. The development of this technology will allow for better surgical planning and postoperative care to decrease patient morbidity and mortality. It is thought that this invaluable tool will become increasingly prevalent in orthopedics. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(8):536–540.]
Calcium Carbonate Powder Containing Gentamicin for Mixing With Bone Grafts
Authors: Coraça-Huber Débora , Hausdorfer Johann , Fille Manfred , Nogler Michael , Kühn Klaus-Dieter
Published: August 2014

Bone grafts are used for reconstructing bone defects caused by implant-associated complications, trauma, and tumors. Surgery with bone allografts is complex and time consuming; therefore, it is prone to a higher infection rate (2.0%–2.5%). In the case of site infection, systemically administered antibiotics cannot reach the infected bone graft. This study evaluated the use of resorbable bone graft substitute powder (HERAFILL; Heraeus Medical GmbH, Wehrheim, Germany) as a bone void-filling material as well as an antibiotic carrier for mixing with bone grafts. The antibiotic activity of the bone chips mixed with HERAFILL powder was measured by drug release tests and bacterial susceptibility with
Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis,
and
Staphylococcus aureus.
HERAFILL powder was added to the bone chips (bone chips/HERAFILL; w/w = 1:1), mixed with a spatula, and vortexed for 1 minute. Gentamicin base release was evaluated in phosphate-buffered saline for up to 7 days using
B subtilis
bioassay. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested with
S aureus
and
S epidermidis.
The average amount of gentamicin base released from bone chips mixed with HERAFILL at 0 to 12 hours was 99.66 mg/mL. On day 7, the gentamicin base released 0.42 mg/mL. The elution released from bone chips mixed with HERAFILL promoted the formation of a zone of inhibition on
S epidermidis
and
S aureus
plates. This study confirmed the capacity of bone grafts to act as antibiotic carriers once mixed with HERAFILL powder. Bone chips mixed with HERAFILL showed efficacy against
S aureus
and
S epidermidis.
Patient Satisfaction With Mobile Compression Devices Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: McAsey Craig J. , Gargiulo Jeanine M. , Parks Nancy L. , Hamilton William G.
Published: August 2014

The goal of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction with the use of a mobile compression device after anterior total hip arthroplasty. Two hundred forty-seven patients used the mobile compression device for 10 days after surgery with recommended adjunctive 325 mg aspirin therapy. The device has a rechargeable battery pack that weighs 1.65 lb and is attached to compression sleeves worn over the calves of both lower extremities. It delivers sequential compression to the sleeves at a pressure of 50 mm Hg for about 10 seconds at a cycle of 1/min and is synchronized to the patient’s venous blood flow pulses. A questionnaire was administered to all patients at 1-month follow-up to gauge patient perception of the device. There were 14 questions about comfort, noise, cost, pain, skin breakdown, rash, and falls related to the device. Overall, 234 of 247 (94.7%) patients stated that they would use the device again. The most common complaint from patients was that the mobile compression device was cumbersome (63.6%). Twenty-five patients (10.1%) reported having a fall while using the device, although no fall-related injuries were documented. Therefore, the authors recommend counseling patients about fall risk and reminding them to use caution while moving about with the device. Despite the limitations described in this study, the data confirmed that patients who used the device had an overall positive response to the system and would choose to use the device again rather than using chemical agents for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis.
Characterization of OMI tropospheric NO2 over the Baltic Sea region
Authors: Ialongo I. , Hakkarainen J. , Hyttinen N. , Jalkanen J.-P. , Johansson L. , Boersma K. F. , Krotkov N. , Tamminen J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Satellite-based data are very important for air-quality applications in the Baltic Sea region, because they provide information on air pollution over the sea and where ground-based and aircraft measurements are not available. Both the emissions from urban sites over land and ships over sea, contribute to tropospheric NO2 levels. Tropospheric NO2 monitoring at high latitudes using satellite data is challenging because of the reduced light hours in winter and the weak signal due to the low Sun, which make the retrieval complex. This work presents a characterization of tropospheric NO2 columns based on case-study analysis in the Baltic Sea region, using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric NO2 standard product. Previous works have focused on larger seas and lower latitudes. The results of this paper showed that, despite the regional area of interest, it is possible to distinguish the signal from the main coastal cities and from the ships by averaging the data over a~seasonal time range. The summertime NO2 emission and lifetime values (E' = (1.5 ± 0.6) mol s−1 and τ = (3 ± 1) h, respectively) in Helsinki were estimated from the decay of the signal with distance from the city center. These results agree within the uncertainties with the emissions from the existing database. For comparison, the results for the cities of Saint Petersburg and Stockholm are also shown. The method developed for megacities was successfully applied to smaller-scale sources, in both size and intensity, which are located at high latitudes (~60° N). The same methodology could be applied to similar-scale cities elsewhere, as long as they are relatively isolated from other sources. Transport by the wind plays an important role in the Baltic Sea region. The NO2 spatial distribution is mainly determined by the contribution of westerly winds, which dominate the wind patterns during summer. The comparison between the ship emissions from model calculations and OMI NO2 tropospheric columns supports the applicability of satellite data for ship emission monitoring. In particular, both the ship emission data and the OMI observations showed similar year-to-year variability, with a drop in the year 2009, corresponding to the effect of the financial crisis.
Accurate laser measurements of ozone absorption cross-sections in the Hartley band
Authors: Viallon J. , Lee S. , Moussay P. , Tworek K. , Petersen M. , Wielgosz R. I.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Ozone plays a crucial role in tropospheric chemistry, is the third largest contributor to greenhouse radiative forcing after carbon dioxide and methane and also a toxic air pollutant affecting human health and agriculture. Long-term measurements of tropospheric ozone have been performed globally for more than 30 years with UV photometers, all relying on the absorption of ozone at the 253.65 nm line of mercury. We have re-determined this cross-section and report a value of 11.27 × 10−18 cm2 molecule−1 with an expanded relative uncertainty of 0.84 %. This is lower than the conventional value currently in use and measured by Hearn in 1961 with a relative difference of 1.8%, with the consequence that historically reported ozone concentrations should be increased by 1.8%. In order to perform the new measurements of cross sections with reduced uncertainties, a system to generate pure ozone in the gas phase together with an optical system based on a UV laser with lines in the Hartley band, including accurate path length measurement of the absorption cell and a careful evaluation of possible impurities in the ozone sample by mass spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was setup. This resulted in new measurements of absolute values of ozone absorption cross sections of 9.48 × 10−18, 10.44 × 10−18, and 11.07 × 10−18 cm2 molecule−1, with relative expanded uncertainties better than 0.6%, for the wavelengths (in vacuum) of 244.062, 248.32, and 257.34 nm respectively. The cross-section at the 253.65 nm line of mercury was determined by comparisons using a Standard Reference Photometer equipped with a mercury lamp as the light source. The newly reported value should be used in the future to obtain the most accurate measurements of ozone concentration, which are in closer agreement with non UV photometry based methods such as the gas phase titration of ozone with nitrogen monoxide.
Modelling hyporheic processes for regulated rivers under transient hydrological and hydrogeological conditions
Authors: Siergieiev D. , Ehlert L. , Reimann T. , Lundberg A. , Liedl R.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Understanding the effects of major hydrogeological controls on hyporheic exchange and bank storage is essential for river water management, groundwater abstraction, restoration and ecosystem sustainability. Analytical models cannot adequately represent complex settings with, for example, transient boundary conditions, varying geometry of surface water–groundwater interface, unsaturated and overland flow, etc. To understand the influence of parameters such as (1) sloping river banks, (2) varying hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed and (3) different river discharge wave scenarios on hyporheic exchange characteristics such as (a) bank storage, (b) return flows and (c) residence time, a 2-D hydrogeological conceptual model and, subsequently, an adequate numerical model were developed. The numerical model was calibrated against observations in the aquifer adjacent to the hydropower regulated Lule River, Northern Sweden, which has predominantly diurnal discharge fluctuations during summer and long-lasting discharge peaks during autumn and winter. Modelling results revealed that bank storage increased with river wave amplitude, wave duration and smaller slope of the river bank, while maximum exchange flux decreased with wave duration. When a homogeneous clogging layer covered the entire river–aquifer interface, hydraulic conductivity positively affected bank storage. The presence of a clogging layer with hydraulic conductivity < 0.001 m d−1 significantly reduced the exchange flows and virtually eliminated bank storage. The bank storage return/fill time ratio was positively related to wave amplitude and the hydraulic conductivity of the interface and negatively to wave duration and bank slope. Discharge oscillations with short duration and small amplitude decreased bank storage and, therefore, the hyporheic exchange, which has implications for solute fluxes, redox conditions and the spawning potential of riverbeds. Based on these results, river regulation strategies can be improved by considering the effect of certain wave event configurations on hyporheic exchange to ensure harmonious hydrogeochemical functioning of the river–aquifer interfaces and related ecosystems.
Heidegger and Aristotle: Action, Production, and Ethos
Authors: Kuhlken Julie
Published: August 2014

In this article, I want to focus on two of the distinctions that inform Heidegger's discussion of ethics within “The Letter on Humanism.” By investigating the distinctions between action (Handeln) and effecting (Wirken), on the one hand, and ethics and ethos, on the other, and considering their roots within his lectures on Aristotle in the 1920s, I will argue that Heidegger's practical concerns are less connected with ethics as it is generally practiced and understood today than with the ancient notion of the good life. In grappling with the metaphysical grounding of Aristotle's conception of the good life and its essential relation to production, Heidegger examines the historicality of both ethos and action in the light of modern technology.
Should Philosophers Still Read Mauss? Thoughts on Contemporary American Politics
Authors: Schrift Alan D.
Published: August 2014

Following the publication of Derrida's Given Time (1991), a great deal of philosophical attention was devoted to gifts and gift exchange as well as Marcel Mauss's Essay on the Gift. But after a certain formalization of the possible/impossible aporia of the gift (the gift's conditions of possibility are its conditions of impossibility), interest in Mauss's Essay among philosophers has largely disappeared. I return to Mauss's Essay and in particular to its moral, economic, and political conclusions to argue that Mauss makes several observations that relate directly to the current political dysfunction of the U.S. government.
Comitês de bacias hidrográficas no Brasil: desafios de fortalecimento da gestão compartilhada e participativa
Authors: Jacobi Pedro Roberto , Francalanza Ana Paula
Published: August 2014

Aborda-se neste artigo o tema da participação na gestão pública dos recursos hídricos no Brasil e as transformações qualitativas na relação entre Estado e Sociedade Civil, como referência de um ponto de inflexão e reforço das políticas públicas centradas na ampliação da cidadania. A reflexão centra-se em torno do fortalecimento do espaço público e na abertura da gestão pública à participação da SociedadeCivil na elaboração de suas políticas públicas, e na sempre complexa e contraditória institucionalização de práticas participativas inovadoras. Os impactos das práticas participativas na gestão, apesar de controversos, apontam para uma nova qualidade de cidadania, que institui o cidadão como criador de direitos para abrir novos espaços de participação sociopolítica e influenciar qualitativamente na transformação do estado atual da gestão de recursos hídricos no Brasil.
Modelo de análise ambiental: interações entre o solo, a sociedade e a economia
Authors: Viñas Aelita Moreira
Published: August 2014

O modelo apresentado estabelece três dimensões de análise: a biofísica, a econômica e a social. A hipótese apresenta a existência de relações entre as variáveis, tornando possível estabelecer áreas homogêneas no território. O objeto de análise é um espaço rural de 1.346.486 ha., no qual vivem 12.147 pessoas em 2.402 estabelecimentos rurais. O método de trabalho consistiu na aplicação dos principais componentes, em três matrizes de dados, montadas sobre um Sistema de Informação Geográfico. A análise quantitativa foi complementada com entrevistas em profundidade. A erosão dos solos foi o aspecto central da dimensão biofísica, que foi relacionado com aspectos sociais, particularmente a pobreza rural e a produção agropecuária. O método de componentes principais, combinado com o Sistema de Informação Geográfico, mostrou-se adequado para interpretar a atual distribuição de áreas homogêneas em Paissandu. O espaço rural se caracteriza por quatro áreas: a pecuária extensiva, com pouca densidade populacional e escassa erosão; a pecuária de estabelecimentos agrícolas médios, sobre solos frágeis, com habitações pobres; a agrícola-leiteira-florestal, sobre solos frágeis e erodidos, com habitações pobres e área com população desruralizada. A erosão do solo está associada com o uso agrícola sobre solos frágeis, em explorações pequenas, como a dos colonos. A pobreza rural está relacionada com áreas de solos agrícolas frágeis, elevada divisão de edificações, associadas a grandes extensões da pecuária e florestal. O modelo permite avaliar a situação atual do território, como base para o planejamento ambiental.
Turismo, desenvolvimento e saberes no Pantanal: diálogos e parcerias possíveis
Authors: Girard Pierre , Vargas Icléia A. de
Published: August 2014

Na atualidade, o turismo se apresenta como uma alternativa econômica para o Pantanal Mato-grossense,consolidando-se por meio da exploração das peculiares paisagens e da biodiversidade pantaneira. Noentanto, existem fraturas significativas entre as diversas percepções e saberes sobre o Pantanal que sugeremquestionamentos sobre a viabilidade do turismo enquanto atividade propulsora do desenvolvimentolocal na região. Este ensaio sugere três vertentes perceptivas: a) o Pantanal científico, a visão acadêmicocientíficada biodiversidade pantaneira que procura revelá-la, descrevendo suas espécies, seus habitats,suas paisagens e processos ecossistêmicos presentes no Pantanal; b) o Pantanal pantaneiro, a visão dohabitante do Pantanal, que descreve o ambiente em função de suas necessidades básicas e das relaçõessocioculturais, utilizando os processos ecossistêmicos para decidir sobre estratégias de sobrevivência eas redes sociais para trocar saberes; e, por último, c) o Pantanal Google, assim denominada a vertentepromovida pela indústria turística que propõe uma iconografia especial, repertoriada na Internet, quecomercializa um Pantanal virgem, imaculado, isento da presença humana: um verdadeiro paraíso. Astrês vertentes perceptivas dificilmente sintonizam-se. O Pantanal pantaneiro é pouco disseminado nouniverso turístico. Diante da visão de um Pantanal idealizado, sem vínculos com o Pantanal pantaneiro,questionam-se as possibilidades de promoção de desenvolvimento endógeno e do conseqüente empoderamentodas comunidades locais, por meio do fortalecimento de uma atividade turística que estimuleo diálogo entre os saberes e as parcerias possíveis.
Modelo de acumulación minero y territorio: trabajar y habitar
Authors: Torrent Juan Carlos Rodríguez , Hernández Patricio Medina
Published: August 2014

Este trabajo discute las características generales del modelo de acumulación en minería y su impacto en el trabajo, en el territorio y en algunas trayectorias de los emplazamientos mineros, en relación a las distintas fórmulas empleadas para contener a los trabajadores y a la población en las ciudades ligadas a la explotación de yacimientos metálicos y no metálicos, específicamente en Chile. Se muestra cómo el capital opera con criterios de viabilidad/inviabilidad en relación a la rentabilidad, llegando a sacrificar centros urbanos completos, con consecuencias culturales y sociales que atentan contra las identidades, imaginarios y la territorialización.
Detection and molecular characterization of Polymyxa betae, transmitting agent of sugar beet rhizomania disease, in Iran
Authors: Hassanzadeh Davarani Fatemeh , Rezaee Saeed , Mahmoudi Seyed B. , Norouzi Peyman , Safarnejad Mohammad R. , Safarpour Hossein
Published: August 2014

The plasmodiophorid Polymyxa betae is considered as the only natural transmitting agent of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the most devastating agent of sugar beet fields throughout the world. To evaluate for the first time the genetic diversity of P. betae isolated from different autumn and spring sugar beet fields, and also to detect the presence of virus in these isolates, susceptible sugar beet plants (cv. Regina) were grown in soil samples collected from 10 different regions of Iran. P. betae detection was carried out using root microscopic observations, DAS-ELISA, and PCR-based methods. Results showed the presence of plasmodiophorids in all soil samples. Complementary assays also revealed the presence of viruses in soil samples collected from Khorasan Razavi, Fars, Hamadan and Kermanshah regions. The genetic diversity was evaluated through comparing glutathione-S-transferase nucleotide sequences amplified by PCR with the Internal Transcribed Spacers region. Results showed no significant differences in nucleotide sequences between virus-bearing and virus-free isolates of P. betae.
Effect of gender on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat and fat quality of calves of Avileña-Negra Ibérica breed fattened under free-range conditions
Authors: Daza Argimiro , Rey Ana I. , Lopez-Carrasco Celia , Lopez-Bote Clemente J.
Published: August 2014

The effect of gender (entire males vs females) on growth performance, carcass traits and meat and fat quality of Avileña-Negra Ibérica calves, fattened under free range conditions and supplemented with concentrate, were investigated. The average daily gain, leg width and thorax depth were higher in males than in females. Carcass conformation score, fore-quarter weight and percentage in carcass were higher in males than in females, whereas dressing percentege, loins and flank percentages in carcass and carcass fatness degree were higher in females than in males. Instrumental colour variables of muscle were not affected by gender at days 1, 3, 7 and 9 of refrigerated storage. In muscle, the L*, a*, b*, chroma, oxymyoglobine and oxymyoglobine/metmyoglobine ratio values observed 9 days after slaughter were lower than those at days 1 and 3 after slaughter. Intramuscular fat percentage of Longissimus thoracis muscle was higher in females than in males. Gender had no effect on α-tocopherol content in intramuscular fat (IMF) from Longissimus thoracis muscle. The omental and IMF of females had lower C18:2 n-6, Σ n-6 and Σ PUFA proportions than those from the males. In IMF C16:1, C18:1 n-9 and Σ MUFA proportions were greater in females than in males. The IMF percentage in Longissimus thoracis affected significantly to its fatty acid composition.
Development of models to predict product deposition from coverage obtained on artificial collectors and their practical application
Authors: Garcerá Cruz , Moltó Enrique , Chueca Patricia
Published: August 2014

Models to relate the observed coverage on artificial collectors used in field tests (water-sensitive paper, WSP) and in laboratory bioassays of citrus pests (pieces of polyvinyl chloride sheets, PVC) with product deposition are described. Different solutions of plant protection products commonly used for pest control in citrus were sprayed in a Potter Tower on PVC and WSP under the same controlled conditions. These experiments led to the formulation of different basic models to relate coverage and deposition depending on the products and collectors. The best fitting model was selected from among those that had highest coefficients of determination (R2) and lowest estimation error (RMSEP), and at the same time resulted in a normal distribution of residuals. Finally, coverage on pieces of PVC sheets was related with coverage obtained on WSP by different equations depending on the product being applied. Such equations can be used to link laboratory and field results in order to assess the quality of a spray application in citrus cultivation.
Short communication. An association between the G/A single nucleotide polymorphism within intron II of VIP gene and milk performance traits in dairy cattle
Authors: Kmiec Marek W. , Grzelak Wioleta , Majewska Anna M.
Published: August 2014

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are present in the encoding part of the genes responsible for important breeding functions, exert an influence on the cattle’s phenotype since their function is to regulate the genes expression. In this study a G/A single nucleotide polymorphism within intron II of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene was detected. The study covered a herd of 185 Jersey dairy cows from the Wielkopolska Province in Poland. All possible VIP/DraI genotypes determined by using two alleles (AA, AG, GG) were examined in the herd of cows under study. The AA genotype frequency was 0.48; AG 0.22, and GG 0.30. Allele A frequency was 0.592, whereas allele G was 0.408. Analyzed VIP/DraI gene polymorphism with respect to milk utility traits showed slight statistical differences in the percentage of fat and protein content in milk of the animals with different VIP/DraI genotypes. This study could have a significant influence on dairy cattle breeding programs in the future as improvements in genetic selection methods will continue to be important in milking management.
Broadening the genetic base of Abyssinian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) through introgression of genes from related allotetraploid species
Authors: Sheikh Farooq A. , Banga Sashi , Banga Surindar S.
Published: August 2014

Brassica carinata (BBCC, 2n=34) has still to emerge as a major oilseed crop owing to poor agronomic attributes like long stature, long maturity duration and low seed yield. The restricted amount of genetic variability available in natural B. carinata necessitates utilization of new sources of variability for broadening its genetic base. Interspecific hybridization followed by selection in selfed and back cross progenies was employed to generate useful variability into B. carinata cv ˈPC5ˈ from elite lines of Brassica napus (AACC, 2n=38) and Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n=36). The morphological evaluation of 24 stable introgressed progenies revealed wide range of variability for key economic traits. The progenies with mean maturity duration of 161 ± 2.1 days, short stature of 139.5 ± 6.5 cm and seed yield per plant of 18.6 ± 2.0 g in comparison to the corresponding figures of 168 ± 4.6 days, 230.6 ± 12.7 cm and 12.0 ± 2.4 g in ˈPC5ˈ (recurrent parent) were recovered. Diversity analysis at morphological level revealed that 22 out of 24 stable introgressed progenies were grouped with B. carinata ˈPC5ˈ at average taxonomic distance of 1.19. The diversity at molecular level using 25 polymorphic and reproducible RAPD primers revealed that 19 out of 21 introgressed progenies grouped with B. carinata ˈPC5ˈ at a similarity coefficient of 0.68. The clusters in general represent a wide range of genetic diversity in the back cross lines of B. carinata as a result of introgression of genes from elite lines of B. napus and B. juncea parents.
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), a monomorphic or polymorphic species?
Authors: Nemati Zahra , Mardi Mohsen , Majidian Parastoo , Zeinalabedini Mehrshad , Pirseyedi Seyed M. , Bahadori Moheb
Published: August 2014

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) which contains exceptional anti-cancer properties is presently the world's most expensive spice. Iran is known as the original habitat of Crocus L. and a significant source of high-quality cultivated saffron production and export. Considering the importance of this species, we used 27 microsatellite markers to assess molecular variability and discriminating capacity of markers regarding their effectiveness in establishing genetic relationships in Iranian Crocus ecotypes. Thirty eight Iranian cultivated saffron ecotypes and 29 wild allies were evaluated in this research. The results from molecular analyses, including a molecular phylogenetic network and RB analysis, revealed two major groups and five subgroups, regardless of their geographical origins. Also, the results showed a clear distinction between C. sativus and other species of Crocus genus, taking into account their close relationship with C. speciosus and C. hausknechtii, which are assumed to be the two closest relatives of Iranian cultivated saffron among species studied. In this paper, we observed for the first time extensive genetic diversity among Iranian C. sativus despite their asexual reproduction. Considering suitable climatic conditions in Iran for cultivating saffron and the country’s leading high-quality production of Crocus sativus worldwide, studies on great genetic variability among Iranian C. sativus ecotypes as well as wild relatives native to Iran will further highlight the value of this crop. In addition, our results provide valuable information for genetic improvement, reduction of strong genetic erosion, and conservation of costly heritable resources of C. sativus in future breeding programs.
Fatty acid intake and rumen fatty acid composition is affected by pre-grazing herbage mass and daily herbage allowance in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Palladino Rafael A. , O´Donovan Michael , Kenny David A.
Published: August 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of level of pre-grazing herbage mass (HM) and daily herbage allowance (DHA) on the fatty acid (FA) intake and composition of ruminal content of grazing dairy cows. Four rumen fistulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were allocated to either a high or low HM (1700 vs 2600 kg DM ha-1) and within herbage mass treatment further allocated to a high or low DHA (20 vs 16 kg of DM cow-1 day-1) in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Total FA intake and linolenic acid (LNA) intake was higher for cows on high DHA (p<0.05). Ruminal oleic acid, linoleic and LNA were not affected by treatments. Ruminal stearic acid (C18:0) and vaccenic acid (VA) concentrations were higher at low HM (43.6 and 14.8 g/100 gof FA respectively; p<0.01) compared to high HM (42.0 and 12.5 g/100 gof FA respectively for C18:0 and VA). Cows grazing high DHA had higher ruminal concentration of VA (15.3 g/100 gof FA; p<0.01) than low DHA (12.1 g/100 gof FA). Regarding milk FA composition, only some of the milk FA varied across treatments, being the VA and LNA concentrations higher at low HM (p<0.05). These data suggest that low HM and high DHA, at least within the range studied here, promotes the accumulation of ruminal VA which could be available for subsequent conversion within the mammary gland to the human health promoting c9,t11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid.
Fat, meat quality and sensory attributes of Large White × Landrace barrows fed with crude glycerine
Authors: Linares M. Belen , Teruel M. Rocío , Egea Macarena , Villodre Carmen M. , Hernández-Ruipérez Fuensanta , Madrid Josefa , Garrido M. Dolores
Published: August 2014

The use of alternative raw materials like crude glycerine in animal feed to reduce final costs could be of interest as the sector seeks to increase its competitiveness. The aims of the present work were to evaluate the effect of crude glycerine on back-fat thickness and the proximate composition of pork and to examine the effect on pork quality of using growing-finishing feeds with different percentages of crude glycerine added. For this purpose 60 crossbreed (Large White × Landrace) barrows were subdivided into three groups according to the crude glycerine concentration administered in feed: C, control diet, no crude glycerine; and G2.5 and G5 with 2.5% and 5% added crude glycerine, respectively. This study evaluated proximate composition, pH, cooking losses, texture, colour coordinates, fatty acid profile, and sensorial analysis. No differences were found in any of the three groups studied (C, G2.5, G5) for measurements performed both before (with ultrasound equipment) and after slaughter (millimetre ruler). The proximate composition and the physical-chemical parameters of longissimus dorsi were similar between groups. There were no differences detected (p>0.05) between the three groups as regards the CIELab coordinates, textural profile and sensory attributes. Therefore, 5% crude glycerine to replace corn could be used as an ingredient in pig feed without appreciably affecting the back-fat and meat quality characteristics.
Review of the Oriental lantern-fly genus Egregia Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2011, with a new species from Sumatra (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)
Authors: Constant Jérôme
Published: August 2014

Datua brevirostris Lallemand, 1959 is transferred to the genus Egregia Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2011 in the Aphaeninae and the new combination Egregia brevirostris (Lallemand, 1959) comb. nov. is proposed. Egregia marpessa Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2011, the type-species of the genus Egregia, is synonymized with Egregia brevirostris (Lallemand, 1959). A second species, Egregia laprincesse sp. nov. is described from Sumatra, extending the distribution of the genus hitherto recorded only from Borneo. Distribution maps and an identification key are provided. The male genitalia of E. brevirostris are illustrated and described. The genus Datua Schmidt, 1911 now contains a single species, D. bisinuata Schmidt, 1911.
El neuromarketing: Una nueva disciplina para la investigación de audiencias y de la opinión pública
Authors: Y Patiño María Gómez , Goldaráz Elena Bandrés
Published: August 2014

Las neurociencias pueden crear una ciudadanía distinta y una nueva disciplina: Neuromarketing capaz de modificar la Opinión Pública: audiencias y votantes. Se describen las técnicas utilizadas en la investigación comercial, utilizable en el ámbito social y político, que permiten conocer los impulsos, emociones y  reacciones de la ciudadanía ante ciertos estímulos cuyo conocimiento puede ser tan beneficioso como perverso. Por ello, es necesario reflexionar sobre el neuroescepticismo, y algunos aspectos éticos. Se presentan para la discusión final algunos aspectos relativos a la privacidad y al anonimato de los participantes-usuarios, y a un comportamiento deontológicamente correcto por parte de los investigadores.
El pensamiento abductivo como fundamento ontológico de los videojuegos
Authors: Cardero José Luis Navarrete , Rufí José Patricio Pérez , Pérez Francisco Javier Gómez
Published: August 2014

El objetivo del presente trabajo es hacer una contribución al desarrollo de las teorías ontológicas del videojuego. Centradas en desvelar la esencia del medio, las denominadas teorías metafísicas se han movido en la última década entre las perspectivas ludológica y narratológica, generando un extenso argumentario fruto de una palpable mescolanza entre los estudios sobre cine y videojuegos. Con el deseo de establecer una clara distinción entre ambos dispositivos culturales, además de ensanchar los límites del debate, presentamos una aportación fundada en los tres tipos de pensamiento -deducción, inducción y abducción- que rigen el conocimiento humano. Según desarrollamos en esta investigación, los videojuegos se distinguen del cine justamente por constituirse como un espacio ideal para el desarrollo del pensamiento hipotético, base de cualquier innovación en el ámbito del conocimiento. Para llevar a cabo nuestros propósitos, hemos partido de los estudios de Peirce sobre los tres modos de inferencia existentes.
Los lentes oscuros: persecuciones de la ausencia en el media art.
Authors: Romero Teresa Sorolla , Núñez Marta Martín , Catalán Shaila García
Published: August 2014

Esta investigación explora el entorpecimiento de la visualidad como un gesto estético que advertimos con cierta insistencia en el new media art, que se sirve, en ocasiones, de la utilización de las tecnologías emergentes de los medios de comunicación para hacer florecer zonas silenciosas en la visualidad. El estudio parte de la siguiente hipótesis: el new media art destina las posibilidades estéticas del registro y la creación digital para convocar algo del orden del vacío. Para desarrollarla, seguimos el método hipotético-deductivo. Planteamos la hipótesis, formulada a través de una exploración previa de prácticas culturales del media art que después tratamos de comprometer a través del estudio de un corpus de prácticas artísticas fotográficas y videográficas y la lectura de estas desde la tradición estética y filosófica del arte.
A tethered delivery mechanism explains the catalytic action of a microtubule polymerase
Authors: Ayaz Pelin , Munyoki Sarah , Geyer Elisabeth A , Piedra Felipe-Andrés , Vu Emily S , Bromberg Raquel , Otwinowski Zbyszek , Grishin Nick V , Brautigam Chad A , Rice Luke M
Published: August 2014

Stu2p/XMAP215 proteins are essential microtubule polymerases that use multiple αβ-tubulin-interacting TOG domains to bind microtubule plus ends and catalyze fast microtubule growth. We report here the structure of the TOG2 domain from Stu2p bound to yeast αβ-tubulin. Like TOG1, TOG2 binds selectively to a fully ‘curved’ conformation of αβ-tubulin, incompatible with a microtubule lattice. We also show that TOG1-TOG2 binds non-cooperatively to two αβ-tubulins. Preferential interactions between TOGs and fully curved αβ-tubulin that cannot exist elsewhere in the microtubule explain how these polymerases localize to the extreme microtubule end. We propose that these polymerases promote elongation because their linked TOG domains concentrate unpolymerized αβ-tubulin near curved subunits already bound at the microtubule end. This tethering model can explain catalyst-like behavior and also predicts that the polymerase action changes the configuration of the microtubule end.
Assembly principles of a unique cage formed by hexameric and decameric E. coli proteins
Authors: Malet Hélène , Liu Kaiyin , El Bakkouri Majida , Chan Sze Wah Samuel , Effantin Gregory , Bacia Maria , Houry Walid A , Gutsche Irina
Published: August 2014

A 3.3 MDa macromolecular cage between two Escherichia coli proteins with seemingly incompatible symmetries–the hexameric AAA+ ATPase RavA and the decameric inducible lysine decarboxylase LdcI–is reconstructed by cryo-electron microscopy to 11 Å resolution. Combined with a 7.5 Å resolution reconstruction of the minimal complex between LdcI and the LdcI-binding domain of RavA, and the previously solved crystal structures of the individual components, this work enables to build a reliable pseudoatomic model of this unusual architecture and to identify conformational rearrangements and specific elements essential for complex formation. The design of the cage created via lateral interactions between five RavA rings is unique for the diverse AAA+ ATPase superfamily.
Drilling Glacial Deposits in Offshore Polar Regions
Authors: Hanebuth Till J. J. , Rebesco Michele , Urgeles Roger , Lucchi Renata G. , Freudenthal Tim
Published: August 2014

High latitudes are of fundamental importance in the Earth's climate system—they house ice sheets that govern global sea level heights, influence how much solar energy is reflected back to space, and create deep and bottom waters that drive the ocean's ability to circulate energy and nutrients across the globe.
Report Tallies Cost of Delaying Action on Climate Change
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: August 2014

Delaying the implementation of mitigation policies to stem climate change could significantly increase economic damages, according to a 29 July White House report. A delay that results in a warming of 3°C above preindustrial levels, instead of 2°, “could increase economic damages by approximately 0.9 percent of global output,” the report states.
Air pollution an overlooked factor in climate‐related crop damage
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: August 2014

While most studies on future crop reduction focus solely on the effects of climate warming, a new study, published in Nature Climate Change, combines climate warming with another factor: ozone pollution. Researchers found that 46% of damage to soybean crops that had been attributed to heat was actually caused by ozone pollution and that other crops—rice, wheat, and corn—are also vulnerable to varying extents.
Future Directions in Simulating Solar Geoengineering
Authors: Kravitz Ben , Robock Alan , Boucher Olivier
Published: August 2014

Solar geoengineering is a proposed set of technologies to temporarily alleviate some of the consequences of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) created a framework of geoengineering simulations in climate models that have been performed by modeling centers throughout the world (B. Kravitz et al., The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), Atmospheric Science Letters, 12(2), 162–167, doi:10.1002/asl.316, 2011). These model simulations are being made with state‐of‐the‐art climate models. So far they have focused on evaluating and comparing model response to globally uniform reductions in solar radiation, creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosol layers aimed at increasing planetary albedo, and injection of sea spray into the marine boundary layer aimed at increasing the reflectivity of marine stratus clouds. Analyses of GeoMIP simulations have identified robust features and key uncertainties of the modeled effects of solar geoengineering.
AGU Journals on a New Website
Authors: Hanson Brooks
Published: August 2014

Since 31 July, all issues of AGU journals have been presented on a new website hosted and developed by our publishing partner, Wiley.
Application of a data‐assimilative regional ocean modeling system for assessing California Current System ocean conditions, krill, and juvenile rockfish interannual variability
Authors: Schroeder Isaac D. , Santora Jarrod A. , Moore Andrew M. , Edwards Christopher A. , Fiechter Jerome , Hazen Elliott L. , Bograd Steven J. , Field John C. , Wells Brian K.
Published: August 2014

To be robust and informative, marine ecosystem models and assessments require parameterized biophysical relationships that rely on realistic water column characteristics at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. We examine how hydrographic properties off California from 1990 through 2010 during late winter and spring correspond to krill and juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) abundances. We evaluated coherence among temperature, salinity, depth of 26.0 potential density isopycnal, and stratification strength at regionally and monthly time scales derived from shipboard and mooring observations, and a data‐assimilative Regional Ocean Model System reanalysis. The reanalysis captures spatiotemporal physical variability of coastal ocean conditions in winter and spring months and elucidates mechanisms connecting the spatial and temporal upwelling and transport dynamics on observed krill and rockfish abundances in spring. This provides evidence for a mechanistic connection between the phenology of upwelling in the California Current System and seasonal development of the shelf ecosystem.
Risk‐based water resources planning: Incorporating probabilistic nonstationary climate uncertainties
Authors: Borgomeo Edoardo , Hall Jim W. , Fung Fai , Watts Glenn , Colquhoun Keith , Lambert Chris
Published: August 2014

We present a risk‐based approach for incorporating nonstationary probabilistic climate projections into long‐term water resources planning. The proposed methodology uses nonstationary synthetic time series of future climates obtained via a stochastic weather generator based on the UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) to construct a probability distribution of the frequency of water shortages in the future. The UKCP09 projections extend well beyond the range of current hydrological variability, providing the basis for testing the robustness of water resources management plans to future climate‐related uncertainties. The nonstationary nature of the projections combined with the stochastic simulation approach allows for extensive sampling of climatic variability conditioned on climate model outputs. The probability of exceeding planned frequencies of water shortages of varying severity (defined as Levels of Service for the water supply utility company) is used as a risk metric for water resources planning. Different sources of uncertainty, including demand‐side uncertainties, are considered simultaneously and their impact on the risk metric is evaluated. Supply‐side and demand‐side management strategies can be compared based on how cost‐effective they are at reducing risks to acceptable levels. A case study based on a water supply system in London (UK) is presented to illustrate the methodology. Results indicate an increase in the probability of exceeding the planned Levels of Service across the planning horizon. Under a 1% per annum population growth scenario, the probability of exceeding the planned Levels of Service is as high as 0.5 by 2040. The case study also illustrates how a combination of supply and demand management options may be required to reduce the risk of water shortages.
Total Synthesis of Δ12‐Prostaglandin J3, a Highly Potent and Selective Antileukemic Agent
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Heretsch Philipp , ElMarrouni Abdelatif , Hale Christopher R. H. , Pulukuri Kiran K. , Kudva Avinash K. , Narayan Vivek , Prabhu K. Sandeep
Published: August 2014

A catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of the potent and selective antileukemic Δ12‐prostaglandin J3 (Δ12‐PGJ3) is described. The convergent synthesis proceeded through intermediates 2 and 3, formed enantioselectively from readily available starting materials and coupled through an aldol reaction followed by dehydration to afford stereoselectively the cyclopentenone alkylidene structural motif of the molecule.
Selective Monitoring of the Enzymatic Activity of the Tumor Suppressor Fhit
Authors: Hacker Stephan M. , Mortensen Franziska , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas
Published: August 2014

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Functional inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins, mainly by mutations in the corresponding genes, is a key event in cancer development. The fragile histidine triade protein (Fhit) is a tumor suppressor that is frequently affected in different cancer types. Fhit possesses diadenosine triphosphate hydrolase activity, but although reduction of its enzymatic activity appears to be important for exerting its tumor suppressor function, the regulation of Fhit activity is poorly understood. Here, we introduce a novel fluorogenic probe that is suited to selectively analyze the enzymatic activity of Fhit in extracts derived from human cells. This novel method will allow in‐depth insight into the mechanisms involved in Fhit regulation in biologically relevant setups and, thus, into its role in the development of cancer.
On Constrained MMVC of Discrete‐Time First‐Order Linear Stochastic Systems with PSI I: The Critically Stable Case
Authors: Gai Rudong , Chen Guanrong
Published: August 2014

This paper is devoted to the study of the modified minimal variance control (MMVC) of discrete‐time first‐order linear critically stable stochastic systems with prospective strong intervention (PSI) and control input constraints. Due to different evolutionary characteristics of systems with PSI, that is, the two modes of tending to infinity and having bounded oscillations, the discrete‐time first‐order linear critically stable systems can be partitioned into two types regarding the signs of a key system parameter a. A necessary and sufficient condition for the state mean convergence of a system with a = 1 is derived and the corresponding design of MMVC is formulated. For the critical stable system with a =− 1, its oscillation amplitudes of state means can be effectively suppressed or the means can converge under control. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control strategies comparing with MVC are confirmed by numerical simulations.
ASSESSMENT OF THERAPISTS' PREFERENCES FOR DISCONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Kolt Lysianne D. , Rapp John T.
Published: August 2014

Recent studies have evaluated the sensitivity of discontinuous recording methods for detecting behavior changes; however, relatively few have evaluated observers' preferences for such methods. To address this limitation, this study used a concurrent chains design to evaluate eight therapists' preferences for collecting data using momentary time sampling (MTS) and partial interval recording with interval sizes of 10 s and 1 min. Results of the preference assessment showed that six of the eight therapists preferred to collect data using 1‐min MTS; however, results of a follow‐up questionnaire suggest that most therapists preferred 1‐min MTS primarily because it was easy to use rather than that it was accurate. These results are discussed with respect to recent findings on the sensitivity of MTS and partial interval recording. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.