bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of a Kind of Non-Woven Viscose Colour Absorbing Material and Research of its Colour Absorption Properties
Authors: Wang Xueyan , Liu Yuanjun , Lv Rong
Published: April 2019

A non-woven viscose material was modified with self-made cationic gelatin protein auxiliary by the padding process. The material prepared was then used as an environmentally friendly colour absorbent for the decolourisation of dye wastewater. The effects of the sodium hydroxide swelling pretreatment process and cationic padding modification process on the colour absorption and decolourisation rate were discussed. Moreover an optimal preparation process for the colour-absorbing material was determined. This was as follows: In order to make the non-woven viscose material swell and improve the subsequent modification effect, first the non-woven viscose material was pretreated with an aqueous solution containing 50 g/l of sodium hydroxide, at room temperature, for 5 min. Then the material was padded in a mixed aqueous solution containing 80 g/l of cationic gelatin and 18 g/l of sodium hydroxide by means of a laboratory padder with two dips and two nips. After treatment, the material was dried and steamed for 4 min. Lastly the material was washed with water and dried. The results show that the colour-absorbing material prepared by this process has the advantages of a high colour absorption rate and high decolourisation percentage. And it could be applied to the decolourisation of printing and dyeing wastewater, or to prevent washed off dyestuff staining on light colour clothes in the process of laundry.
Treatment of Real Textile Wastewater by Using Potassium Ferrate(VI) and Fe(III)/H2O2. Application of Aliivibrio Fischeri and Brachionus plicatilis Tests for Toxicity Assessment
Authors: Thomas Maciej , Zdebik Dariusz
Published: April 2019

The paper presents the possibility of applying combined chemical oxidation processes using potassium ferrate(VI) (K2FeO4) and Fe(III)/H2O2 for the treatment of real wastewater from the textile industry characterised by an increased content of organic substances (COD = 1920 mg O2/L). The use of both processes under optimal conditions included the use of the RSM method (Response Surface Methodology) in order to make it possible to decrease the COD of the wastewater by 75.4% (final COD = 472 mg O2/L). The toxicity of wastewater treated under the most favourable conditions, determined using two test organisms (Aliivibrio fischeri and Brachionus plicatilis), decreased by 33 and 45%, respectively. In some cases the method described can be used on a larger scale.
The importance of support and forms of kinesiotherapeutic activity of family members of persons affected by Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wróbel Aleksandra , Wróbel Piotr , Otfinowska Ewa
Published: April 2019

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The disorder is classified as extra pyramidal system diseases. In order to improve the patient’s condition and increase the level of quality of life, pharmacological treatment and rehabilitation are used to eliminate progressive disability. The help of the surrounding environment affects not only the course of the disease, but above all the emotional well-being of the patient. Family support and its participation in the whole therapeutic process greatly optimize its results. The aim of this work is to present the most important issues regarding kinesiotherapy in Parkinson’s disease and to demonstrate the impact of the involvement of the whole family system on the course and results of therapy. Kinesiotherapy as an
element of treatment plays a very important role in the process of improving and adapting the patient to perform daily nursing activities. Kinesiotherapeutic treatments have not only a significant impact on the symptoms occurring in the course of the disease, but also on the overall health. The individual selection of therapy and the involvement of the entire team of therapists is extremely important in eliminating both movement and extrinsic symptoms. The correct implementation of the physiotherapist’s recommendations, the patient’s involvement, as well as the active participation of the patient’s environment, is a condition for the effectiveness of the entire process of maintaining health and fitness. Kinesiotherapy prevents permanent disability and helps maintain the longest possible independence and good quality of life. The involvement of the entire family support system has an impact on the results of the therapy.
Participation of inhabitants in revitalization programmes. From diagnosis to implementation – the case of Town Wojkowice
Authors: Mandrysz Witold
Published: April 2019

By introducing the assumptions of social participation into the practice of implementing revitalization projects, we assume that through dialogue, even if sometimes difficult, a compromise and agreement can be reached, which may result in cooperation in the implementation of a given project. The aim of this text is to present a practical application of the idea of dialogue and social participation, the theoretical context of which was de-scribed in the first part of the text in the process of developing and implementing the Local Revitalization Pro-gram of the City of Wojkowice which was reported in the second part of it.
Civil dialogue can be understood as a more or less institutionalized form of conducting broad social consultations in the aspect of planning, solving and making decisions on socially important issues in a given group or community. Anna Olech and Tomasz Kaźmierczak (2011), proposed four models of public participa-tion. The basis for their separation and differentiation is the level and scope of their influence on the decision-making process of various social partners.
The presented considerations refer to the experience and observations collected during the project titled Wojkowickie Social Revitalisation Laboratory implemented as part of the project entitled Silesian revitalization programs – support for municipalities, financed under the Operational Program Technical Assistance 2014–2020. The Social Work Unit of the Institute of Sociology, US team was involved in the work on the development of the Local Regeneration Program, especially in relation to the social issues of this document.
Referring to the models of participation carried out in the revitalization activities referred by Krzysztof Skalski, it can be stated that the activities undertaken in the process of developing the Local Revitalization Pro-gram in the City of Wojkowice are close to the model with the highest degree of participation. Another issue is whether the idea of broad social participation will be maintained in practice at the implementation stage of this program.
Project management in social work based on the example of social projects carried out in the Study of Social Work of the Institute of Sociology the University of Silesia
Authors: Leśniak-Berek Ewa
Published: April 2019

The education towards the job of a social employee requires the learning of specific knowledge that ensures the interdisciplinary and versatile preparation of a future professional. In this aspect, social projects are of particular importance as due to their multitasking requirements they stimulate student activity, allow for the combination of knowledge with action and activate reflexive behaviour, which allows for the evaluation of the designed activities. The preparation and implementation of projects are related to the necessity to assume a number of roles, creating the opportunity to test oneself in new activities and to determine the degree of self-readiness to do/perform the job. The aim of the article is to highlight the educational values of designing and presenting the structure of social projects realized at the Social Work Unit at the Institute of Sociology of the University of Silesia. The text also points out the difficulties that occur during the specific stages of project work and provides tips in order to avoid such difficulties.
Water Rescue in Poland
Authors: Gorzawski Jarosław
Published: April 2019

The Voluntary Water Rescue Service (commonly referred to as WOPR) operates pursuant to the Polish act of 18 August 2011 concerning the safety of persons present in water areas. The main tasks of the service include: undertaking rescue operations, organizing and providing aid to persons involved in accidents (that means sudden events that occur during swimming, bathing or practicing sports or recreational activities in water areas, which could result in an injury of an organ of the body or in health impairment) or to persons exposed to a threat of losing their life or health while in or near water.
Oppfatningar og praktisering av fair play i kroppsøving
Authors: Lauritzen Åge , Nerhus Fretland Reidun , Fossøy Joar , Leirhaug Petter Erik
Published: April 2019

Fair play som omgrep fekk ein styrka posisjon i revidert læreplan i kroppsøving frå august 2012. Det forsterka fokuset på fair play i kroppsøving er allereie drøfta i fleire artiklar, men det føreligg lite forsking med empiri frå norsk skule om korleis fair play blir oppfatta og arbeidd med i faget. Målet i denne artikkelen er å undersøke lærarar si oppfatning av fair play som omgrep i kroppsøving, korleis dei praktiserer fair play i undervisinga og om tydeleggjeringa i læreplanen har medført endring i deira undervising. Metoden for datainnsamling er fokusgruppeintervju med totalt 19 lærarar som underviser i kroppsøving på 5.–7. årssteg. Det kjem fram at lærarane i praktisk arbeid med elevane sjeldan nyttar omgrepet fair play direkte, men at meiningsinnhaldet dei legg i fair play er sentralt i både kroppsøvingsundervisinga og deira profesjonelle yrkesutøving i eit allmenndannande perspektiv. Dei har i liten grad endra praksis som følgje av tydeleggjeringa av fair play, og fleire lærarar uttrykker at dei ikkje nyttar læreplanen i kroppsøving. Dette vert sett på som ei utfordring dersom fair play skal stå fram som planlagd erfaring og læringsutbytte for alle elevar i kroppsøving.Nøkkelord: fair play, kroppsøvingslærarar, undervisingspraksis, kroppsøvings-didaktikkPerceptions and pedagogical practice of fair play in physical educationAbstractIn Norway, the concept of fair play was strengthened in the 2012 revised curriculum for physical education. Although several articles already have discussed possible consequences of this, few empirical studies have been conducted about how fair play is perceived and enacted in the Norwegian school context. This article aims to examine teachers’ understanding of fair play in physical education, how they put fair play into practice in teaching, and to what extent the revised curriculum has led to changes in teachers’ practices. The research method involved focus groups with a total of 19 teachers who teach physical education in grades 5–7 (age 10–12 years). It appears that the teachers rarely use the term “fair play” directly in their work with pupils, and they do not express a change of practice after the strengthened focus in the curriculum. However, the teachers expressed that the values and understanding of fair play were central to both physical education teaching and their pro¬fessional practice in a more general educational perspective. Several teachers expressed that they did not use the written National curriculum for physical education. This, the article argues, will be a challenge if fair play is to become a planned learning experience and outcome for all pupils.Keywords: fair play, physical education teachers, teaching practice, physical education pedagogy
Stratigraphy and Mineralogy of the Oxfordian Lower Smackover Formation in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Brand John H.
Published: April 2019

The Oxfordian Smackover Formation is generally acknowledged to be a hydrocarbon source for numerous reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico, both onshore and offshore. More than 25 wells in the eastern Gulf of Mexico have penetrated the Smackover since 2003. Offshore, the Smackover consists predominantly of limestone and shale containing thin organic layers. Immediately above the lower Smackover is a widespread shale marker. This thin shale is correlated as the base of the upper Smackover Formation, which consists of interbedded shale and limestone.

This study will demonstrate that the lower Smackover Formation in the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Mississippi Canyon and De Soto Canyon offshore areas) is composed of a series of seven units that occur in the same sequence in virtually every well in which the lower Smackover has been encountered. Although the seven individual units can be resolved readily with the proper wireline suite, each has a sub-seismic thickness. The overall thickness of the lower Smackover is about 300 +/-100 feet. Unlike the lower Smackover, the surrounding Mesozoic formations, from Cotton Valley to Norphlet, vary greatly in thickness in the eastern Gulf.

The initial correlations of the units in the lower Smackover were made by comparing the gamma ray, resistivity, and density log patterns with the computed mineralogy of Elemental Capture Spectroscopy (ECS) wireline logs. It was immediately obvious that the same sequence of beds/units was present in the lower Smackover in well after well. Within the lower Smackover Formation is a conspicuous zone characterized by iron-bearing minerals having a matrix density in excess of 3.0 g/cm3 throughout.

However, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data from rotary sidewall cores was necessary to validate the mineralogy. Because the mineralogy of the ECS log is a model-based calculation from the elemental concentrations of iron, calcium, aluminum, etc,. rather than a direct measurement, the modeled mineralogy can be inaccurate as was the case in the bottom two units.

Mineralogy of the seven units has been verified by XRD analyses, albeit from a limited number of rotary sidewall cores obtained in only five wells. The top three units are limestones which vary in carbonate, clay, and pyrite content. The fourth and fifth units contain significant amounts of high density minerals, particularly siderite and pyrite. The sixth zone is dominated by anhydrite. The seventh unit is a hematite-rich shale and its base is an unconformity.

Although wireline data are plentiful, analysis of the seven units within the lower Smackover is hampered by the limited amount of rock data and the complete lack of whole core. Many depositional and geochemical questions suggested by the unusual mineralogy and sequence of beds remain unanswered.
The Siliciclastic Upper Cretaceous Play of Eastern Mississippi Canyon
Authors: Harding Andrew , Walker Luke , Ehlinger Steve , Chapman Tim
Published: April 2019

The eastern Mississippi Canyon area has been largely a Miocene oil and gas province in which recent discoveries in the Jurassic Norphlet Formation have been made. This paper focuses on a nascent Cretaceous play targeting the eastern Tuscaloosa fan comprised of large symmetric and asymmetric structures created by an expulsion-rollover system in the pre-Miocene interval. The top of the Cretaceous interval is found between 15,000’ and 27,000’, is up to 15,000’ thick, and is underlain by a mature Tithonian source rock. The play extends downdip from the Cretaceous shelf edge and the reservoir is interpreted to be the equivalent of the Tuscaloosa Formation of onshore South Louisiana. This paper will examine the idea that the central Cretaceous basin is in the optimal zone for the trend of appropriate subsurface temperatures, depth, and significantly expanded reservoir section in the Upper and Lower Cretaceous intervals.
Detrital Zircon Evidence for Amazonian Provenance of Upper Jurassic Norphlet Formation in North Central Gulf, Mobile Bay: Implications for Paleoriver Systems in South and Central America
Authors: Sonnet Gomes , Amy Weislogel , David Barbeau
Published: April 2019

Detrital zircon from the Upper Jurassic Norphlet Formation in the vicinity of Mobile Bay, AL reflects a Laurentian provenance, with U-Pb age populations including dominant Paleozoic (265-490 Ma) and Grenville (950-1250 Ma) age. Twenty-three zircon grains from a sandstone sample recovered from the upper part of the Norphlet formation in well permit# 9863-OS-46-B show a population of 850-920 Ma zircon that is not observed in stratigraphically older samples. As there are very few sources for zircon of this age in southeastern United States, we interpret derivation from either the Goiás magmatic arc of Brazil; the conglomeratic sandstone of the eastern Yucatan peninsula; and/or Mixteca terrain of Mexico as probable sources. Previous study of 850-920 Ma zircon grains from the Goiás magmatic arc shows an origin from a depleted mantle without any crustal contamination (Hf(t)= +8 to +12); however, the same age zircons in eastern Yucatan and Mixteca terrain indicate crystallization from magmas having a strong crustal signature (Hf(t)= -3.2 to -3.8). Detrital Neoproterozoic zircon grains in the Norphlet Formation shows a wide Hf(t) range (-5.1 to +11.9) for the 850-920 Ma zircons, indicating sediments influx to the Gulf of Mexico basin during late Norphlet time was a mix of material from all of these sources during the Norphlet deposition. We propose that sediments from the Goiás magmatic arc probably were transported to the Mixteca terrain through a paleo-fluvial system; given the proximity of Mixteca terrain to southern North America during Late-Early Jurassic, we infer that erosion of Mixteca terrane sedimentary rocks supplied sediment to the Norphlet erg in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Alternately, the Neoproterozoic grains may have been derived directly from the Goiás arc and transported to the eastern Gulf of Mexico by a proto-Orinoco river that developed during Jurassic-Early Cretaceous time.
New Models of Early Cretaceous Source-to-Sink Pathways in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Snedden John W. , Bovay Ann Caroline , Xu J.
Published: April 2019

This study provides an assessment of two source-to-sink sediment routing systems of the Early Cretaceous and highlights sedimentologic changes that occurred in response to major tectonic reorganization of the eastern Gulf of Mexico during the Valanginian-Hauterivian stages. Depth-imaged 2D and 3D seismic data, well log correlation, sand grain size, and detrital zircon U-Pb data obtained from the Valanginian intervals of the cores of a key well, facilitates source-to-sink analysis of Early Cretaceous deep-water deposits, as well as construction of a new depositional model of Hosston equivalent-siliciclastics previously investigated only in the western Gulf of Mexico onshore areas.

U-Pb dating of detrital zircon grains suggests that Hosston siliciclastics observed in the 200-km-long base-of-slope sandy progradational delta-fed apron at the Florida Escarpment originated in a peninsular Florida source terrane – the Ocala Arch. Interpretation of 3D seismic data with nearby well control also allows conclusions to be drawn about the Appalachian-sourced Hosston fan system in Mississippi Canyon. This Appa-lachian-sourced sandy fan is believed to have terminated updip of a series of salt-related asymmetric expulsion rollovers, although we know sediment accommodation in these inverted basins was not confined to the Valanginian-Hauterivian age Hosston interval and extended from the Jurassic Cotton Valley-Bossier supersequence to the Late Cretaceous Navarro-Taylor supersequence. Two plausible models of Appa-lachian-sourced fan length are considered, incorporating calculations of salt rafting to estimate a best-case scenario fan length of 90-km, while a more probable fan geometry is determined from seismic observations and well control, yielding a Valanginian-Hauterivian submarine fan of 70-km length. The study presents a new paleogeographic model, with special focus on the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the interpreted sand-prone fan and progradational delta-fed apron. It also provides a robust model for source to sink transport during a critical phase of Gulf of Mexico basin evolution. The shorter fan length calculated in this study suggest the majority of asymmetric expulsion rollovers in Mississippi Canyon are either sandstone-poor or were sourced from a different, likely younger, source-to-sink system (e.g., Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian-Turonian-age Tuscaloosa fluvial system).
Deep-Seated Dynamics Including Crust and Upper Mantle Impacting Hydrocarbon Localization Within Sediment-Filled Basins
Authors: Adams Rich , Lowrie Allen
Published: April 2019

Hydrocarbons occur within sediments in basins within the uppermost crust. Localization is affected by regional temperature and pressure gradients as well as anomalies in sediment distribution; porosity and permeability; and breakages (faults, joints and fractures) in both soft and hard materials. In our search for these hydrocarbons, we map and record geophysical and geochemical anomalies, generally caused by sediment and crustal tectonics. Many of these in turn appear influenced and guided by lower crust-upper mantle interactions that include, among others, buoyant mantle plumes and lateral plate tectonics. In order to better understand how such a total geologic system operates, it is necessary to think of this entire sediment - basin - crust - upper mantle complex as a single unit. We must seek new and pertinent explanations for hydrocarbon occurrences including these mantle and crust influences as we extend our exploration models into new frontiers.

In summary, the cumulative actions of the entire geologic system including upper mantle to upper crust create forces and dynamics capable of modifying overlying basins and hydrocarbon-bearing sediments recording these underlying forces. We suggest that the whole petroleum system concept needs examination in light of upper mantle and crust dynamics.

With mantle plumes causing the Late Triassic North Atlantic Rifting, the evolutionary scenario here is appropriate explanation for continental rifting followed by basin initiation and subsequent deepening and in-filling and locating hydrocarbons. Plume and crust interactions and derivatives are a constant input impacting hydrocarbon formation.
A fotografia performática de Claude Cahun
Authors: Sabiá Ana Paula
Published: April 2019

Este ensaio busca contextualizar a obra literária e artística de Claude Cahun que, assim como no início do século XX, ainda hoje continua inclassificável. Seu trabalho situa-se, aparentemente, em algum lugar entre lugares: denominações, linguagens, gêneros, realidade e autoficção, entre o inédito e o mítico. Suas experiências radicais na arte, literatura e na política fizeram-na, simultaneamente, tanto vanguardista quanto outsider. Propôs a fluidez entre os papéis identitários pois não lhe interessava repetir-se para os outros, muito menos para si propria. Rompeu com as categorias binárias e dualismos impostos pela normativa social e em concordância com a efervescência instituída ao pensamento moderno, do marxismo à psicanálise, da interpretação da subjetividade e as inúmeras indagações filosóficas sobre a presença do sujeito no mundo, obviamente abordadas na arte, Claude colocou a busca pela ‘Verdade' sob suspeita.
João Goulart nas páginas d´O Estado de Mato Grosso (1961-1964)
Authors: Sotana Edvaldo Correa
Published: April 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo geral discutir as relações entre imprensa e o golpe civil-militar de 1964. Nos últimos anos, pesquisadores investigaram as práticas e expedientes utilizados pela “grande imprensa” para desgastar a imagem do presidente Goulart, enfraquecer seu governo e pavimentar a chegada dos militares ao poder. Ao contrário, poucos estudos se ocuparam da posição editorial dos jornais produzidos na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Portanto, este artigo visa discutir o material jornalístico sobre João Goulart e seu governo veiculado pelo jornal O Estado de Mato Grosso entre agosto de 1961 e abril de 1964. Palavras-chave: Imprensa. Golpe Civil-Militar de 1964. O Estado de Mato Grosso.
Religião católica, evangélica e afro-brasileira em disputa eleitoral: acionamento de elementos religiosos na campanha à Assembleia Legislativa do Paraná
Authors: Mezzomo Frank Antonio , Pátaro Cristina Satiê de Oliveira
Published: April 2019

Neste artigo, discutimos a campanha eleitoral de 26 candidatos, identificados como agentes religiosos por ocasião da eleição à Assembleia Legislativa do Paraná (ALEP), em 2014. A abordagem se dá no sentido de inventariar e compreender as evocações da religião, bem como de evidenciar elementos e relações que vêm se mostrando recorrentes na política paranaense e que poderão estar presentes nos próximos pleitos. As fontes, que compreendem os materiais de campanha divulgados pelos candidatos, compostos por flyers, santinhos, jingles, entrevistas, vídeos, entre outros, foram coletadas durante o período de campanha. Na análise e sistematização do material empírico, são construídos três eixos de análise que permitem compreender as formas de operacionalização mútua entre religião e política no tempo da eleição: intensidade, estilo e forma de acionamento religioso na campanha eleitoral. Os resultados evidenciam elementos comuns às campanhas eleitorais de agentes religiosos, que podem ser úteis para balizar novas análises, e contribuem para a compreensão das relações entre política e religião no cenário paranaense, na medida em que identificam os sujeitos envolvidos, evidenciam as estratégias e alianças entre diferentes partidos políticos e grupos sociais.Palavras-chave: Eleições – Paraná. Deputados Estaduais – Eleições – Paraná. Campanha Eleitoral – Paraná. Religião e Política. Candidatos Políticos.
Training-induced increase in Achilles tendon stiffness affects tendon strain pattern during running
Authors: Werkhausen Amelie , Cronin Neil J. , Albracht Kirsten , Paulsen Gøran , Larsen Askild V. , Bojsen-Møller Jens , Seynnes Olivier R.
Published: April 2019

Background

During the stance phase of running, the elasticity of the Achilles tendon enables the utilisation of elastic energy and allows beneficial contractile conditions for the triceps surae muscles. However, the effect of changes in tendon mechanical properties induced by chronic loading is still poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that a training-induced increase in Achilles tendon stiffness would result in reduced tendon strain during the stance phase of running, which would reduce fascicle strains in the triceps surae muscles, particularly in the mono-articular soleus.

Methods

Eleven subjects were assigned to a training group performing isometric single-leg plantarflexion contractions three times per week for ten weeks, and another ten subjects formed a control group. Before and after the training period, Achilles tendon stiffness was estimated, and muscle-tendon mechanics were assessed during running at preferred speed using ultrasonography, kinematics and kinetics.

Results

Achilles tendon stiffness increased by 18% (P < 0.01) in the training group, but the associated reduction in strain seen during isometric contractions was not statistically significant. Tendon elongation during the stance phase of running was similar after training, but tendon recoil was reduced by 30% (P < 0.01), while estimated tendon force remained unchanged. Neither gastrocnemius medialis nor soleus fascicle shortening during stance was affected by training.

Discussion

These results show that a training-induced increase in Achilles tendon stiffness altered tendon behaviour during running. Despite training-induced changes in tendon mechanical properties and recoil behaviour, the data suggest that fascicle shortening patterns were preserved for the running speed that we examined. The asymmetrical changes in tendon strain patterns supports the notion that simple in-series models do not fully explain the mechanical output of the muscle-tendon unit during a complex task like running.
A Note on Branch and Bound Algorithm for Integer Linear Programming
Authors: Inayatullah Syed , Riaz Wajiha , Jafree Hafsa Athar , Siddiqi Tanveer Ahmed , Imtiaz Muhammad , Naz Saba , Hassan Syed Ahmad
Published: April 2019

In branch and bound algorithm for integer linear programming the usual approach is incorporating dual simplex method to achieve feasibility for each sub-problem. Although one can also employ the phase 1 simplex method but the simplicity and easy implementation of the dual simplex method bounds the users to use it. In this paper a new technique for handling sub-problems in branch and bound method has been presented, which is an efficient alternative of dual simplex method.
Nauclea latifolia (Rubiaceae) Stem-bark Hydromethanolic Extract Abrogates a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor - Induced Multifocal Toxicity in Albino Rats
Authors: Nwidu Lucky L. , Oboma Yibala I.
Published: April 2019

Objective: Nauclea latifolia (Rubiaceae) stem-bark enjoys wide patronage in ethnomedicine due to multiplicity of usage. Acute and subacute hematological and biochemical toxicity studies are available in literature but none underpins its ameliorative effect with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC), valproic acid (VPA) which mediates multifocal toxicity in different histological milieu.

Methods: Subacute exposure of experimental albino rats with a high dose of valproic acid (500 mg/kg) was executed orally one hour before post-treatment with Nauclea latifolia stem-bark (NLS) extract in three doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) and with another group of rats with reference drug, vinpocetine, 25 mg/kg daily for 28 consecutive days after which hematological and biochemical analyses were executed.  The liver, kidney and lungs were abstracted for histopathological evaluation.

Results: The HDAC inhibitor, Valproic acids induced multifocal biochemical insults on liver function enzymes, lipid profiles, electrolytes and kidney function which were dose- dependently and significantly (P < 0.05 – 0.001) abrogated by the varying doses of administered NLS extract. On the histology the NLS extract effects corroborated the biochemical study in the liver and kidney. The NLS did not demonstrate significant toxicological impingement on the hematology and did not alter VPA-induced histomorphological injury in the lungs cytoarchitecture. The reference drug, vinpocetine was unresponsive to VPA-induced alteration in all the tissues investigated in the administered posology.

Conclusion: The NLS extract was effective in abrogating toxicological insults in the liver and kidney but not in the lungs. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of pharmacological effects of NLS extract and the differential in tissue response.
A New Structure Model of Biomimetic Composites Considering the Sub‐Microscale Porosity of Bone
Authors: Hao Rui , Li Dong Xu
Published: April 2019

As the basic unit at sub‐microscale, mineralized collagen fibrils are closely related to the extraordinary mechanical properties of bone, which has inspired the design of biomimetic materials. The original staggered structure model has not taken the porosity of lamellae and its influence on the distribution of fibrils into account, which result in the inhomogeneous stress in the hard phase. According to the image from the authors’ experiment, a structure model of biomimetic composites with porosity is proposed. The constitutive relations of the original model and the new model are established, respectively. On this basis, mechanical properties with respect to the aspect ratio of the hard platelets are studied. Finally, the two structure models are simulated by the finite element method. The results reveal that the new structure has a more uniform stress distribution under external force. So it has higher stiffness and strength mass ratio, stronger toughness, and maintains a relatively high‐damping coefficient. It is illustrated that the new structure model can give full play to the mechanical potential of each phase in the composite. The findings are of great significance to design biomimetic materials with superior mechanical properties.
Vertical CoP Nanoarray Wrapped by N,P‐Doped Carbon for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Both Acidic and Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Huang Xingkai , Xu Xiaopei , Li Chao , Wu Dengfeng , Cheng Daojian , Cao Dapeng
Published: April 2019

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a key reaction in water splitting, and developing efficient and robust non‐noble electrocatalysts for HER is still a great challenge for large‐scale hydrogen production. Herein, a vertically aligned core–shell structure grown on Ti foil with CoP nanoarray as a core and N,P‐doped carbon (NPC) as a shell (CoP/NPC/TF) is first reported as an efficient electrocatalyst for HER. Results indicate that CoP/NPC/TF only demands the overpotentials of 91 and 80 mV to drive the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in acidic and alkaline solutions. The electrochemical measurements and theoretical calculations show that the synergy of CoP nanorod core and porous NPC shell enhances HER performance significantly, because the introduction of porous NPC shell not only offers more active sites but also improves the electrical conductivity and durability of the sample in acidic and alkaline solutions. Density functional theory calculation further reveals that all the C atoms between N and P atoms in CoP/NPC are the most efficient active sites, which greatly improve the HER performance. The identification of active species in this work provides an effective strategy to design and synthesize the low‐cost, high‐efficient, and robust CoP‐based electrocatalysts.
Hollandite‐Type VO1.75(OH)0.5: Effective Sodium Storage for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jo Jae Hyeon , Choi Ji Ung , Cho Min Kyung , Aniskevich Yauhen , Kim Hyungsub , Ragoisha Genady , Streltsov Eugene , Kim Jongsoon , Myung Seung‐Taek
Published: April 2019

Nanosized hollandite‐type VO1.75(OH)0.5 is introduced as a novel cathode material for Na‐ion batteries. Structural investigation based on X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement suggests the presence of numerous vacant sites for Na+ intercalation in the VO1.75(OH)0.5 structure. All of the possible Na+ sites and tunnel‐type Na+ diffusion pathways along the c‐axis are confirmed by bond‐valence‐sum analyses. The nanosized hollandite‐type VO1.75(OH)0.5 delivers an unexpectedly high specific capacity of ≈351 mAh g−1 at 15.5 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 1.0–3.7 V (vs Na+/Na), which agrees well with the results predicted by first‐principles calculations. In addition, combined studies using first‐principles calculations and several experimental techniques including in situ operando X‐ray diffraction and ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy confirm that the nanosized hollandite‐type VO1.75(OH)0.5 undergoes a single‐phase reaction with a capacity retention of 71% over 200 cycles. Furthermore, the open structure and nanosized particles of hollandite‐type VO1.75(OH)0.5 contribute to its excellent power capability with 56% of the capacity measured at 0.05 C being delivered at 7 C.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 of the child increases birth weight
Authors: Leppävirta Jussi , Kallionpää Roope A. , Uusitalo Elina , Vahlberg Tero , Pöyhönen Minna , Peltonen Juha , Peltonen Sirkku
Published: April 2019

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with reduced adult height, but there are no cohort studies on birth size. This retrospective study includes a cohort of 1,410 persons with NF1 and a matched comparison cohort from the general population. Figures for birth size were retrieved from the administrative registers of Finland, and the data were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS), defined as standard deviation difference to the reference population. The birth weight among infants with NF1 was higher than among infants without the disorder (adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval]: 0.53 SDS [0.19–0.87]), as was the head circumference at birth (0.58 SDS [0.26–0.90]). The birth length of the NF1 infants did not differ significantly from the comparison cohort. The birth weight in the group consisting of NF1 and non‐NF1 infants of NF1 mothers was lower than among infants of mothers in the comparison cohort (−0.28 SDS [−0.51 to −0.06]), as was the birth length (−0.22 SDS [−0.45 to 0.00]). In conclusion, the birth weight and head circumference of persons with NF1 are significantly higher than those of persons without the disorder. NF1 of the mother reduces birth weight and birth length of the infant.
A Conjugated Copolymer of N‐Phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine and Pyrene as Promising Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium–Ion Batteries
Authors: Yao Chang‐Jiang , Xie Jian , Wu Zhenzhen , Xu Zhichuan J. , Zhang Shanqing , Zhang Qichun
Published: April 2019

A novel conjugated copolymer has been synthesized and employed as an organic cathode material in rechargeable lithium–ion batteries (LIBs). Due to the synergistic effects from conducting aniline and pyrene units, the resultant batteries based on the as‐obtained copolymer can deliver a promising reversible specific capacity of 113 mAh g−1 with a high voltage output of 3.2 V and a remarkable 75.2 % capacity retention after 180 cycles. Moreover, an excellent rate performance is also achieved with a fast recovery of the capacity at different current densities.
A nonlinear state‐feedback state‐feedforward tracking control strategy for a boiler‐turbine unit
Authors: Wang Guoxu , Wu Jie , Ma Xiaoqian
Published: April 2019

A boiler‐turbine unit is a primary module for coal‐fired power plants, and an effective automatic control system is needed for the boiler‐turbine unit to track the load changes with the drum water level kept within an acceptable range. The aim of this paper is to develop a nonlinear tracking controller for the Bell‐Åström boiler‐turbine unit. A Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy control system is introduced for the nonlinear modeling of the Bell‐Åström boiler‐turbine unit. Based on the Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy models, a nonlinear tracking controller is developed, and the proposed control law is comprised of a state‐feedforward term and a state‐feedback term. The stability of the closed‐loop control system is analyzed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory via the linear matrix inequality approach and Schur complement. Moreover, model uncertainties are also considered, and it is proved that with the proposed control law the tracking error converges to zero. To assess the performance of the proposed nonlinear state‐feedback state‐feedforward control strategy, a nonlinear model predictive control strategy and a linear strategy are presented as comparisons. The effectiveness and the advantages of the proposed nonlinear state‐feedback state‐feedforward control strategy are demonstrated by simulations.
Tropical precipitation influencing boreal winter midlatitude blocking
Authors: Gollan Gereon , Bastin Swantje , Greatbatch Richard J.
Published: April 2019

Recent studies using reanalysis data and complex models suggest that the Tropics influence midlatitude blocking. Here, the influence of tropical precipitation anomalies is investigated further using a dry dynamical model driven by specified diabatic heating anomalies. The model uses a quasi‐realistic setup based on idealized orography and an idealized representation of the land‐ocean thermal contrast. Results concerning the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation are mostly consistent with previous studies and emphasize the importance of tropical dynamics for driving the variability of blocking at midlatitudes. It is also shown that a common bias in models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), namely, excessive tropical precipitation, leads to an underestimation of midlatitude blocking in our model, also a common bias in the CMIP5 models. The strongest blocking anomalies associated with the tropical precipitation bias are found over Europe, where the underestimation of blocking in CMIP5 models is also particularly strong.
Clinical features and therapeutic options in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with concomitant mutations of EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS or BRAF
Authors: Zhuang Xibin , Zhao Chao , Li Jiayu , Su Chunxia , Chen Xiaoxia , Ren Shengxiang , Li Xuefei , Zhou Caicun
Published: April 2019

Background

Although oncogenic driver mutations were thought to be mutually exclusive in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), certain tumors harbor co‐occurring mutations and represent a rare molecular subtype. The evaluation of the clinical features and therapeutic response associated with this NSCLC subtype will be vital for understanding the heterogeneity of treatment response and improving the management of these patients.

Methods

This retrospective study included 3774 samples from patients diagnosed with NSCLC. All samples were screened for EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS, and BRAF mutation using the amplification‐refractory mutation system. The relationship between concomitant driver mutations and clinicopathologic characteristics, and patient clinical outcomes were evaluated.

Results

Sixty‐three (1.7%) samples had more than one driver gene mutation. Among these, 43 were coalterations with an EGFR mutation, 20 with an ALK rearrangement, and eight with an ROS1 rearrangement. Except for ROS1 concomitant mutations that were more frequent in male patients (87.5%, P = 0.020), the clinicopathological features of the concomitant mutation patients were not significantly different from those harboring a single EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 mutation. Furthermore, first‐line EGFR‐TKI treatment did not significantly improve the progression‐free survival (PFS) of patients harboring EGFR concomitant mutation, compared to patients harboring a single EGFR mutation. However, for EGFR concomitant mutation patients, TKI therapy was more effective than chemotherapy (median PFS of 10.8 vs 5.2 months, P = 0.023). Lastly, KRAS mutations did not influence the EGFR‐TKI therapy treatment effect.

Conclusion

In this study, concomitant mutations were found in 1.7% of the NSCLC. EGFR‐TKI therapy was more effective than chemotherapy for patients harboring EGFR concomitant mutation, and ROS1 concomitant mutations were more frequent in male patients. For patients harboring coalterations with an ALK or ROS1 rearrangement, we should be cautious when considering the therapeutic options.
Solid Dissolution and Liquid Mixing in Turbulent Stirred Tanks
Authors: Montante Giuseppina , Carletti Claudio , Maluta Francesco , Paglianti Alessandro
Published: April 2019

The dissolution of salt particles in turbulent stirred vessels is investigated. A novel method for achieving the simultaneous identification of the liquid mixing time and the dissolution time of salt particles from the conductivity data collected by electrical resistance tomography is presented. The characteristic time of the liquid mixing during the dissolution is found to be either uninfluential or significant on the dissolution itself, depending on the salt particle diameter and the vessel size. The adoption of a combination of literature correlations, which are proved to adequately estimate the two times, is suggested as a simple tool for identifying the minimum particle size for optimizing the dissolution operation.
Worauf es beim Explosionsschutz ankommt
Authors: Häseli Markus
Published: April 2019

In der Chemieindustrie gehört die Arbeit mit explosionsfähigen Stäuben und Gasen zum Alltag. Entsprechend wichtig ist es, die laut dem Verband der Chemischen Industrie (VCI) mehr als 462.000 Beschäftigten allein im deutschsprachigen Raum zu schützen. Erdungssysteme und konstruktive Explosionsschutzlösungen bieten dafür effektive Lösungen, sofern die durchgehende Funktionalität der Komponenten im Zusammenspiel gewährleistet wird. Die Safety‐Experten IEP Technologies erläutern fünf Kriterien, die bei der Konzeptionierung, Implementierung und Instandhaltung leistungsfähiger Systemlösungen in der Chemiebranche beachtet werden müssen.
What interpersonal problems are related to different therapeutic techniques early in treatment?
Authors: McMillen Kate , Hilsenroth Mark J.
Published: April 2019

The current study seeks to explore the relationship between patient‐reported interpersonal problems and therapist interventions in early psychodynamic psychotherapy for 71 outpatients. Pretreatment ratings on the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales (IIP‐C) total and subscale scores were examined in relation to early treatment process. Independent clinicians reliably rated therapist use of psychodynamic–interpersonal (PI) and cognitive–behavioural (CB) interventions using the Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale (CPPS) over two early treatment sessions (third and ninth). Intraclass correlation (ICC) values were in the excellent range for CPPS‐PI and CPPS‐CB scale scores (CPPS‐PI = 0.86; CPPS‐CB = 0.78). A significant positive correlation was found between interpersonal problems and global PI therapist technique. A significant positive correlation was also found between interpersonal problems and specific PI interventions, most significantly experience and expression of feelings in session. In specific interpersonal problem subscales, most significant was that Cold/Distant and Socially Inhibited octants positively related to global PI and to specific PI techniques, including exploration of uncomfortable feelings. Multiple regression analyses revealed most significantly that CPPS Intervention 7 (discussion of patient‐therapist relationship; positive) and CPPS Intervention 11 (therapist explanation of rationale behind treatment; negative) explained 15.6% of variance in interpersonal problem score. These findings demonstrate that the use of psychodynamic techniques tend to occur alongside patient‐reported interpersonal problems early in psychotherapy treatment. Clinical implications are discussed for this area of research, and future directions are explored.
Kinetics of Mimivirus Infection Stages Quantified Using Image Flow Cytometry
Authors: Yaakov Liran Ben , Mutsafi Yael , Porat Ziv , Dadosh Tali , Minsky Abraham
Published: April 2019

Due to the heterogeneity of viruses and their hosts, a comprehensive view of viral infection is best achieved by analyzing large populations of infected cells. However, information regarding variation in infected cell populations is lost in bulk measurements. Motivated by an interest in the temporal progression of events in virally infected cells, we used image flow cytometry (IFC) to monitor changes in Acanthamoeba polyphaga cells infected with Mimivirus. This first use of IFC to study viral infection required the development of methods to preserve morphological features of adherent amoeba cells prior to detachment and analysis in suspension. It also required the identification of IFC parameters that best report on key events in the Mimivirus infection cycle. The optimized IFC protocol enabled the simultaneous monitoring of diverse processes including generation of viral factories, transport, and fusion of replication centers within the cell, accumulation of viral progeny, and changes in cell morphology for tens of thousands of cells. After obtaining the time windows for these processes, we used IFC to evaluate the effects of perturbations such as oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disruptors on viral infection. Accurate dose‐response curves could be generated, and we found that mild oxidative stress delayed multiple stages of virus production, but eventually infection processes occurred with approximately the same amplitudes. We also found that functional actin cytoskeleton is required for fusion of viral replication centers and later for the production of viral progeny. Through this report, we demonstrate that IFC offers a quantitative, high‐throughput, and highly robust approach to study viral infection cycles and virus–host interactions. © The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.