bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Process of Subjectivization within a Religious Organization
Authors: Demeijer Frederique A. , Rakow Katja , Horstmanshoff Manfred , Stoffels Hijme
Published: February 2025

This article uses Taylor’s subjective turn to examine the impact of such a change on organized religion, focusing on the Dutch Apostolic Society (AS). Drawing on oral history data from twenty-seven members belonging to six different generations, we investigate their perceptions of changes in leadership, rituals, and community life. Findings show a shift from external religious authorities to immanent forms of spirituality and self-authority. Whereas the subjective turn has been mostly understood as a ‘bottom-up movement,’ several changes were imposed top-down. We conclude that the process of subjectivization has also extended to the AS, but the recognition and valuing of a subjective attitude vary across generations and a complete adoption of the subjective turn has not uniformly transpired across all strata of the AS.
Assimilating Novel Boundary Layer Observations from Dual-Polarization Radars to Improve Lower-Tropospheric Moisture and Torrential Rainfall Forecasts
Authors: Zhang Yunji , Stensrud David J. , Comer C. Lyn , Stouffer Braedon C.
Published: January 2025

The structure of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is important for the initiation, development, and organization of convection. High-spatiotemporal-resolution networks that directly observe the PBL structure are currently unavailable. Recent studies discovered that differential reflectivity (ZDR) observations from dual-polarization Doppler weather radars in clear-air conditions can be used to characterize the top of the daytime PBL. Compared with other observational platforms that observe the PBL, these ZDR-derived PBL depth observations have high temporal resolution and relatively dense and uniform distributions over the CONUS. Therefore, assimilating these observations could potentially improve the estimation and forecast skill of thermodynamic structures in the lower troposphere. This study examines the impact of assimilating ZDR-derived PBL depth observations on the forecasts of the torrential rainfall and flash flood event in eastern Kentucky on 27–28 July 2022 using a strongly coupled land–atmosphere data assimilation system. The model configuration in the experiments mimics the operational HRRR. Results show that assimilating ZDR-derived PBL depth observations leads to considerable changes in temperature and moisture in the lower troposphere. Soil conditions, including soil moisture and associated surface heat fluxes, are also modified. The assimilation of ZDR-derived PBL depth observations contributes to a better match between model-diagnosed PBL depth with the observations. Subsequently, rainfall forecasts are statistically significantly improved using both gridwise and neighborhood metrics, especially for the most extreme rainfall. Sensitivity experiments also show that the assimilation frequency and the observation errors assigned to ZDR-derived PBL depth observations influence the performance of the rainfall forecasts, which deserve future study.

Significance Statement

This is the first study that presents a comprehensive investigation on the impact of assimilating planetary boundary layer (PBL) depth observations estimated from dual-polarization NEXRAD radars on the convection-allowing analyses and forecasts of severe weather events. The torrential rainfall and flash flood event that occurred in eastern Kentucky on 27–28 July 2022 is utilized as a case study. Assimilating radar-derived PBL depth observations leads to substantial changes in lower-tropospheric thermodynamic conditions, instability, surface heat fluxes, and soil states. As a result, rainfall forecasts of this event were significantly improved. Since the dual-polarization radar observations used to estimate PBL depth are available over most of the CONUS every 5–10 min, this study demonstrates the great value of these novel observations in data assimilation and numerical weather prediction practices.
Share Repurchases, Undervaluation, and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Bobenhausen Nils , Breuer Wolfgang , Knetsch Andreas , Siemer Luis Maria
Published: February 2025

This study examines how firms’ socially responsible behavior relates to the timing of their share repurchases, considering share mispricing and the resulting wealth transfer between sellers and ongoing shareholders. We hypothesize that firms with a stronger commitment to societal goals prioritize the interests of all stakeholders more equally than those with a weaker commitment. Therefore, their managers are less likely to take advantage of the wealth transfer from selling to ongoing shareholders, which occurs when the firm is undervalued. Our results show that firms with higher corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement, ceteris paribus, announce repurchases during periods of lower undervaluation. Additional analyses show that this effect is more pronounced when investor protection is stronger at the country level. Moreover, higher institutional ownership increases the relevance of undervaluation in buyback decisions and the distribution of excess cash is a relatively more important reason for share repurchases when firms display higher CSR engagement. Overall, our findings demonstrate that firms that generally act in a socially responsible manner also refrain from exploiting sellers for the benefit of ongoing investors.

JEL classification: G15, G35, M14
Food, health and sustainability: How students navigate conflicting choices in social contexts
Authors: Mickelsson Martin , Oljans Emma
Published: January 2025

Objectives:

The paper explores how students’ values and food choices change or adapt depending on the social environment and how students navigate the resulting tensions in food choices and practices when balancing nutrition against social and cultural preferences and sensory experiences.

Design:

The study analysed students’ discussions about food and health to explore how values and knowledges are expressed together within them, and shift these across different social environments.

Setting:

Community-based study in Zimbabwe in a context many students live in food poverty with long-term implications for physical development and learning.

Methods:

Through a re-analysis of group interviews with 120 upper secondary/high school students attending six schools in Zimbabwe, we explored how students create meanings around food and health in different social environments.

Results:

Students’ creation of different meanings around food and health depends on the context and the wider social environment. As students discuss food choices and practices within the family, at school and in peer groups, different values and knowledges come to the fore, shifting from responsibility to identity and/or convenience. Importantly, bio-medical, social-cultural and sensory values and knowledges are present in all of students’ discussions across these different social environments.

Conclusion:

The concept of value-mobilities is developed to describe students’ ability to navigate tensions between how food and health are understood and valued in different social and cultural settings, and to make food choices and health decisions.
Time-varying relational interaction dynamics in couples discussing conflict
Authors: Dermody Sarah S , Earle Elizabeth A , Fairbairn Catherine E , Testa Maria
Published: January 2025

The process of discussing conflict can impact the quality and longevity of a couple’s relationship. Limited research has characterized the dynamic nature of conflict discussions, including how these discussions unfold and how an actor’s behaviour elicits particular responses from their partner over the course of the discussion. It is also important to consider how additional factors, such as alcohol intoxication, can influence this dynamic. A challenge in conducting this research is having sufficiently fine-grained data along with appropriate analytic methods to characterize the conversation dynamics. To address this gap, we utilized time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) to examine the correspondence of actor-partner behaviours as a function of time and alcohol consumption. We examined this using data from 139 heterosexual couples who were observed for 15 minutes while discussing a conflict. Couples were randomly assigned to have either one, both, or neither drink alcohol prior to the discussion. Using the Rapid Marital Interaction Coding System (RMICS), individuals’ behaviours were coded as either positive, negative, or neutral during each speaking turn. The results supported that positive behaviour tended to elicit positive behaviour and the strength of this relationship increased over the course of discussing conflict. While negative behaviours tended to elicit negative behaviours, the strength of this relationship was stable over time. Alcohol consumption did not alter the relations between actor-partner behaviours over time. Taken together, the findings support the dynamic nature of some aspects of actor-partner behaviours when discussing conflict. Future research could consider how these dynamics predict future relational outcomes or characterize how they unfold in naturalistic settings.
Nonlinear bifurcation characterization of the herringbone gear transmission system based on topological modification time-varying meshing stiffness
Authors: Hao Dong , Zong-Yang Zhang , Sheng-Sheng Liu , Xiang-Ying Hou , Guang-Hu Jin , Chang-Jiang Wang
Published: January 2025

This research delved into the effects of topological modification on the nonlinear bifurcation properties of herringbone gear transmission system (HGTS). A model utilizing the potential energy method was initially developed to analyze the time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS) of a herringbone gear following topological modification. Additionally, a dynamic model of a bending-torsion-axis-pendulum (BTAP) coupling of HGTS with 24 degrees of freedom (DOF) was established, which took into account various factors such as topological modification, meshing errors, TVMS, damping, backlash, and bearing clearance. The model employed the Runge-Kutta method to assess the pre-topological and post-topological modification nonlinear vibration responses and bifurcation characteristic, with a specific emphasis on backlash, and speed variations. The bifurcation diagram and maximum lyapunov exponent (MLE) graph were employed to elucidate these changes. Supplementary studies utilizing time domain diagram, frequency domain diagram, phase plane diagram, poincaré map analyses provided a comprehensive understanding of the HGTS’s nonlinear dynamics. The findings indicate that while the fundamental vibration and bifurcation trends persist post-topological modification, local bifurcation and vibration responses exhibit improvements. Specifically, an increase in backlash leads to a transition from single-periodic to multi-periodic, and then to chaotic regimes, the topological modification improves in reverting some chaotic behaviors to periodic, thereby reducing the extent of chaos. Increased rotational speeds result in periodic-chaotic-periodic sequences, but topological modification shifts bifurcation points, reducing chaos. Comparisons of experimental and theoretical data corroborate the model’s accuracy, demonstrating consistent trends.
Influence of Road Surface Distresses on Pavement Roughness Considering Spatial Autocorrelation Effects
Authors: Danesh Akbar , Rezayan Hani , Moghadas Nejad Fereidoon , Zakeri Hamzeh
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates pavement distresses to determine which has the most influence on pavement roughness. For this purpose, the stepwise regression method is used. In addition, the spatial autocorrelation of the data on pavement roughness as a new weight vector parameter considering the geographical location is evaluated and introduced into the regression method. The pavement distress and International Roughness Index (IRI) dataset of the road network managed by Iran’s Road Maintenance and Transportation Organization, collected from 2020 to 2022, is used to select the best predictor variables for each road type in the regression. The results show that using spatial autocorrelation in the method reduces the residual standard errors and increases reliability because of improved residuals’ normality in comparison with the method without considering the spatial autocorrelation. The residuals’ standard errors of the regression considering the spatial autocorrelation are decreased by about 30%, 27%, 25%, and 20% for main roads, secondary roads, freeways, and highways, respectively. Also, the sensitivity analysis reveals that IRI is more affected by increasing the patching area and rutting value for secondary roads, while growing alligator cracks have the most influence on IRI reduction for main roads.
Investigation into the Evolution of Structural Characteristics of Asphalt by Aging at Microscale and Macroscale
Authors: Sun Enyong , Zhao Yanqing
Published: January 2025

The surface morphology and micromechanical behavior of asphalt are significantly affected by aging, affecting the macroscopic characteristics of asphalt mixtures. This study investigates the evolution of the nanoscale microstructure of asphalt, with a focus on quantitative characterization. Key parameters such as the characteristic group index, beelike structure, roughness, force curves, complex modulus (G*), and phase angle (δ) of asphalt before and after aging were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. A gray correlation analysis was employed to establish the relationship between asphalt nanoscale microstructure and macroscale rheological properties. Results indicate that aging leads to an increase in carbonyl, sulfoxide, and aromatic indices for both types of asphalt, while the isoprene index in styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt decreases. As aging progresses, the number and area proportion of beelike structures on the asphalt surface decrease, but the average area of individual beelike structures increases. The SBS modifier reduces the roughness parameters of SBS-modified asphalt compared with matrix asphalt. Aging decreases both the adhesion work and surface energy of asphalt, with the most significant decline observed during long-term aging. The G* of the asphalt increases with aging, whereas δ decreases. The grey correlation coefficients for carbonyl index and surface energy are 0.6979 and 0.6666, respectively, indicating that characteristic group and surface energy are primary factors influencing macroscopic rheological performance.
Integrated Synchromodal Transport Planning and Preference Learning
Authors: He Mingjia , Zhang Yimeng , Atasoy Bilge
Published: February 2025

A comprehensive understanding of shippers’ preferences can help transport freight forwarders create targeted transport services and enhance long-term business relationships. This research proposes an integrated approach to learn shippers’ preferences in synchromodal transport operations and optimize transport services accordingly. A preference learning method was developed to capture shippers’ preferences through pairwise comparisons of transport plans. To model the underlying complex nonlinear relationships and detect heterogeneity in preferences, artificial neural networks (NNs) were employed to approximate shippers’ utility for a specific plan. Leveraging the learned preferences, a synchromodal transport planning model with shippers’ preferences (STPM-SP) was proposed, with the objectives of minimizing the total transportation cost and maximizing shippers’ satisfaction. A case study based on the European Rhine-Alpine corridor was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results demonstrated that artificial NNs have the capacity to identify complex (i.e., nonlinear and heterogeneous) relationships in shippers’ preferences. The planning results showed that the STPM-SP effectively found solutions with a significant satisfaction improvement of 37%. This research contributes to learning shippers’ preferences in the transport operation process and highlights the importance of incorporating these preferences into the decision-making process of synchromodal transport planning.
The Effect of Sex Hormones on Joint Ligament Properties: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gilmer Gabrielle , Crasta Nikitha , Tanaka Miho J.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Sex differences exist in injury rates, and one contributing factor may be sex hormone effects on the musculoskeletal system.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to understand the effects of sex hormones on ligaments in females as determined by preclinical and clinical studies. The hypothesis was that sex hormones would affect ligament mechanical properties, histological features, cellular function, and clinically measurable outcomes.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A literature search of PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, and CENTRAL was performed to identify preclinical and clinical studies assessing sex hormone effects on ligament properties. Overall, 2 independent reviewers performed title, abstract, and full-text screening. Rigor and reproducibility were assessed using the ARRIVE guidelines and the modified Downs and Black checklist. Meta-analyses were also performed.

Results:

There were 54 articles included in this review. The majority of studies focused on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL; n = 27), the menstrual cycle (n = 23), and 17β-estradiol (n = 35). Meta-analyses revealed that there was no effect of the menstrual cycle on knee laxity or anterior tibial translation but that 17β-estradiol decreased the production of types I and III procollagen in ACL fibroblasts in vitro. In examining other ligaments, data suggest that sex hormone changes may affect the mechanical and cellular properties of the medial collateral ligament, intrapubic ligaments, hip ligaments, and ligamentum flavum. Additionally, the literature suggests that hormonal shifts that occur with oral contraceptive pill use, pregnancy, and menopause can affect ligament properties. These effects appear to be mediated, at least in part, by the hormone relaxin.

Conclusion:

Of the sex hormones examined in this body of literature, 17β-estradiol and relaxin appear to have the most effect on both the mechanical and cellular properties of ligaments in females. The ACL, medial collateral ligament, intrapubic ligaments, hip ligaments, and ligamentum flavum may be impacted by changes in sex hormone concentrations. The menstrual cycle does not likely affect ligament laxity in a clinically meaningful way, but pregnancy, oral contraceptive pill use, and menopause may.
The Views of Healthcare Professionals on iFall, a Smartphone Application for Falls Reporting in Parkinson’s Disease: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kelly Michael C. , Naisby Jenni , Wales Jill , Webster Elaine , Standerline Gerry , Barry Gill , Amjad Annee , Moore Jason , Ratcliffe Natasha , Godfrey Alan , Morris Rosie
Published: February 2025

Background: Accurate falls reporting is important in the management of Parkinson’s disease. One way in which to improve accuracy is by providing a smartphone app to log fall events. This qualitative study sought to gain insights from healthcare professionals based in the United Kingdom on a novel smartphone application co-developed by people with Parkinson’s (PwP) disease for falls reporting. Research Methods: A purposive sample of n=11 healthcare professionals with expertise in Parkinson’s were recruited to take part in a focus group to explore their views on the smartphone app. Framework analysis was utilised to interpret the data. Results: Participants discussed the applications role in clinical practice, research, and provided recommendations for future improvements. Within the overarching theme of implementation of iFall in clinical and research practice, three subthemes emerged: (1) applicability to clinical practice, (2) the future of iFall in research and (3) future developments. The application was viewed positively, exhibiting potential to address important contemporary issues within falls reporting and research, whilst being clear, simple and easy to use. Implementation challenges of the application, such as IT integration were highlighted, while enhancements such as voice recognition were suggested. Conclusions: Incorporating suggestions from healthcare professionals and piloting of the application with PwP will increase the likelihood of successful implementation of the iFall app into clinical practice and research.
Performance Differences in Indian Venture Capital Financed and Private Equity Financed Firms’ IPOs
Authors: Dutt Marut , Sahoo Seshadev
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study is to aid startup firms in making informed data-driven decisions when opting for a funding type between Venture Capital (VC) and Private Equity (PE) about their potential impact on future performance as well as to aid investors looking for better returns based on Certification by Venture Capital or Private Equity. This study empirically examines the performance difference between Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) funded by VC and PE in India.

The study uses data of 123 IPOs backed by VC and PE in India, during the time period of 2004 to 2017. It intends to examine the difference in performance and attributes of Indian VC- and PE-backed IPOs. The difference is studied in terms of both initial performance and determinants of performance. In the methodology part, this study uses statistical tools like Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to test the difference in the means of VC- and PE-backed firm attributes. Discriminant Analysis is used to find the most discriminating factors between the two funding types and to establish a discriminant function between VC- and PE-backed IPOs. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression is used to study the degree and direction of the linear relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable, that is, initial price performance.

The findings of ANOVA establish that age, assets, offer size, and IT Industry affiliation are statistically significant differentiators of means between VC- and PE-backed IPOs. The discriminant analysis establishes that age and assets are the most discriminating variables between VC- and PE-backed IPOs. An eigenvalue of greater than 1 and Wilk’s Lambda closer to 0 help in establishing a discriminant function to predict future classification around centroid means. Regression results show that Weighted EPS, Post Issue Promoter Holding, IT Industry and Hot Period are statistically significant variables in determining the initial returns of VC- and PE-backed IPOs. However, there is no difference in the certification effect of VC and PE funding as there is no significant difference in the initial price performance based on funding type in the Indian context. The findings of this study can aid the decision-making of startups and investors in the Indian context, when going for a particular funding type or investing, respectively.

The future studies can examine the VC and PE performance differences based on longer time horizon, geography, and industry. This study is based on assumption of mutually exclusive funding sources and do not cover IPOs funded by both VC and PE, which could be a potential limitation.
Contemporary Issues in Africa: Postcolonial Challenges and Dangers of Neo-Imperialist Interest in Africa
Authors: Onyejegbu Maureen Nwando , Udegbunam Kingsley Chigozie , Atime Peter Labe , Eze Matthew Ik , Ogiri Happiness K.
Published: February 2025

The decolonisation process in Africa was propelled by the desire for total disengagement of the continent from imperialist hold. This article explores the interest of foreign nations in Africa in recent years despite the continent’s freedom from colonial rule as of 1957 when Ghana got her independence. Practically, Africa has not fully reclaimed or maximised their land and resources properly. This article examines the new interactions and interests of foreign states, especially China, in the welfare of the continent and discusses the pros and cons that surround this act. The article is qualitative and analytical in nature. The result shows and admits that the postcolonial era has had a series of challenges both internal and external and that due to political and economic challenges, some African nations are somewhat toying with their space and freedom. The article suggests a basic cut down of African nations’ overdependence on foreign nations such as China for their technological needs and economic benefits and insists on a total liberation of African nations from other unimportant foreign entanglements that stampede their rapid growth.
Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge, Practice and Associated Factors Towards Prevention of Central Line-associated Blood Stream Infections in Cardiac Centres of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
Authors: Worku Asmamaw Deguale , Gessese Asinake Wudu
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Preventing central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in healthcare settings reduces morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This study aimed to assess healthcare workers’ (HCWs) knowledge, practice, and associated factors regarding CLABSIs prevention in Addis Ababa cardiac units.

Methods:

From January 10 to February 10, 2024, in seven cardiac centres in Addis Ababa, we employed a hospital-based cross-sectional study design and participants were chosen by simple random sampling. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported and analysed using SPSS version 25. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and variables with p value <.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

The magnitude of HCWs knowledge and practice towards the prevention of CLABSIs was 85.8% (95% CI: 82.38%, 89.22%) and 73.5% (95% CI: 69.17%, 77.83%), respectively. After adjusted analysis, a bachelor’s degree or higher (AOR: 2.086, 95% CI: 1.127, 3.860), participating in a peer education programme (AOR: 2.365, 95% CI: 1.274, 5.713), and training (AOR: 2.820, 95% CI: 1.392, 9.590) were factors associated with knowledge. Male sex (AOR: 2.059, 95% CI: 1.223, 3.467), more than five years of work experience (AOR: 2.073, 95% CI: 1.149, 3.739), and training (AOR: 3.857, 95% CI: 2.180, 6.826) were factors associated with practice.

Conclusions:

More than three-fourths and approximately three-fourths of healthcare workers in cardiac centres in Addis Ababa had good knowledge and good practice towards the prevention of CLABSIs. Healthcare professionals involved in patient care should receive ongoing, updated CLABSI prevention training integrated into professional development initiatives.
Channel Structures for a Dual-Purpose Firm: Direct, Retail, or Hybrid?
Authors: Wang Ningning , Li Zhuoxin
Published: January 2025

The advance in e-commerce has provided firms with more options when designing their channel structures. The rise of “beyond profit” managerial doctrine has also added complexity to channel design. Extending the literature in distribution channels that focuses on for-profit firms, this paper develops a stylized model to examine the channel design problem for a socially responsible manufacturer who pursues a dual-purpose objective—the manufacturer values both profit and consumer surplus. We compare three channel structures: Direct selling (centralization), retailing only (decentralization), and the hybrid of both the direct and indirect channels. We show that double marginalization rooted in the retail channel can alleviate the manufacturer’s loss in profit due to her pursuit of consumer surplus. Thus, compared to direct selling, retailing only may lead to a higher profit for the manufacturer (even when the manufacturer’s direct channel is as efficient as the retail channel) and a higher conversion efficiency in boosting consumer surplus at the expense of the manufacturer’s profit. In the hybrid channel analysis, we show that the manufacturer’s pursuit of consumer surplus leads to upward distortion of direct sales. Facing competition from direct sales, the retailer becomes less sensitive to the wholesale price, and the manufacturer has to reduce the wholesale price significantly to boost the retailer’s order quantity, leading to serious downward wholesale price distortion when the consumer focus is high. Counterintuitively, we find that as the selling cost disadvantage in direct selling increases, the manufacturer with a higher consumer focus increases the wholesale price to rely more on direct selling. We also find that the hybrid structure may cause loss in profit due to price and quantity distortions, leading to lower manufacturer utility and conversion efficiency compared to the single-channel structures. We also provide several extensions to show the robustness of our main findings and offer further insights for channel design for dual-purpose organizations.
Implementing Strengths-Based Approaches for Furthering Career Construction: Validation of the Academic Version of the Values in Action Character Strengths Scale for Assessing University Students’ Adaptability
Authors: Green Zane Asher , Karuppannan Gunasegaran
Published: January 2025

This research demonstrated the validation and application of the Character Strengths Scale for University Students (CSSUS)—a new measure for assessing adaptability. The research was based on three studies ( n = 372; n = 368; n = 378) of Pakistani undergraduate students. In Study 1, EFA indicated a four-factor structure of the CSSUS. In Study 2, because of the strong correlations between the factors, the first-order CFA model was compared with a unidimensional model, second-order model, and bi-factor model. Results indicated that as compared to the three competing models, the first-order CFA model had the best fit. The four factors demonstrated appropriate convergent validity and tests of divergent validity indicated that each was distinct from the other. The factors showed adequate concurrent validity as each was related to proactive personality, core self-evaluations, and well-being. The factors also showed adequate internal consistency reliability. In Study 3, the academic virtues added unique variance to career adaptability above and beyond gender, age, personality traits, and domain-general character virtues, suggesting incremental validity of the scale. Finally, a strengths-based application of the CSSUS indicated that optimism may offer a pathway forward to enable university students to apply the four academic virtues to augment career adaptability.
Coagulation Profile of Convalescent Plasma Donors and Recipients
Authors: Pitkänen Hanna H , Helin Tuukka , Khawaja Tamim , Pietilä Jukka-Pekka , Kajova Mikael , Välimaa Hanna , Vahlberg Tero , Ihalainen Jarkko , Vierikko Antti , Vapalahti Olli , Kantele Anu , Lassila Riitta
Published: January 2025

Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy for COVID-19 infection may have favorable safety but varying efficacy, with concerns about its procoagulant impact. We investigated whether administration of CP to hospitalized patients affects their coagulation profile. Fifty-four patients randomized in a double-blinded fashion received either placebo, low-titer CP (LCP) or high-titer CP (HCP). Donor blood samples were obtained at the time of the plasmapheresis, while recipient blood samples were collected before infusion, one day post-infusion and between two and six days after infusion. Routine laboratory follow-up, coagulation biomarkers, antiphospholipid antibodies, and thrombin generation (TG) were assessed. CP donors had normal blood cell counts and coagulation profiles, without differences between LCP and HCP donors at the baseline. All CP recipients were on low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis at the time of the infusion. Despite randomization, the HCP group had lower baseline (p = 0.004) and Day 1 platelet counts (p = 0.019) than the LCP group. Von Willebrand antigen (VWF:Ag) levels clearly exceeded normal without differences at baseline. At Day 1, LCP recipients had higher VWF:Ag (mean ± SD 224 ± 15%) than HCP recipients (210 ± 8%) (p = 0.012). In all groups, overall 80% lupus anticoagulant was positive. Baseline TG variables were comparable, but again LCP recipients exhibited higher endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) (1313 ± 535 nM.min) (p = 0.038) and peak TG (184 ± 106 nM) (p = 0.037) than the HCP group (870 ± 425 nM.min and 86 ± 54 nM). Our findings show that LCP increases VWF:Ag levels and enhances TG despite the thromboprophylaxis. These results suggest that HCP induces less hypercoagulability than LCP, which may contribute to the variability in CP efficacy.
Limb-saving emergent procedural sedation and joint reduction via telehealth
Authors: Powell Benjamin , Gibbs Clinton
Published: January 2025

In this case report, we describe the performance of procedural sedation and emergent joint reduction via remote telehealth leadership for a patient with an acutely limb-threatening injury. The patient was a 33-year-old man who presented to a small rural hospital with a fracture dislocation of his ankle complicated by severe pain refractory to opiate analgesia and neurovascular compromise, including absent peripheral pulses and sensory changes. Due to aviation and resource limitation factors, immediate retrieval was not possible. While it was clear he needed urgent treatment, local staff expressed that they did not possess the training or requisite experience to undertake a procedural sedation and joint reduction. Following extensive discussions between the telehealth specialist and the local team, the telehealth doctor assumed clinical governance for the case, serving as team leader and coaching the local team through a ketamine procedural sedation and emergent joint reduction. Ultimately, these procedures were successful, with immediate improvement in limb neurovascular status. This case, along with prior work, demonstrates that High-Acuity Low-Occurrence (HALO) procedures can be facilitated by telehealth. Key learning points from the case include the choice of anaesthetic agent given limited local experience, delegating a separate telehealth clinician to monitor patient vital signs to cognitively offload local staff, and the importance of detailed pre-procedure discussions prior to completing HALO tasks.
A qualitative exploration of illness-related experiences, emotions, and coping among adults with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
Authors: Walsh Elizabeth G. , Bonnet Kemberlee , Schlundt David G. , Kelly Erin C. , Rogalski Kayleigh , Broadbent Chandler , Gamboa Alfredo , Birdee Gurjeet S.
Published: January 2025

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a relatively common, burdensome condition of the autonomic nervous system characterized by orthostatic intolerance. This paper presents a subset of findings from a qualitative study investigating the lived experience and perspectives of adults with POTS. Twenty-nine individuals participated in a series of focus groups. We present a conceptual model which summarizes themes related to illness-related experiences, emotional reactions, and coping strategies, and distinguishes how these vary from pre- to post-diagnosis. Our findings emphasize the myriad challenges of living with a condition with diffuse and wide-ranging symptoms, significant quality of life impacts, and limited treatment options, as well as the role of active coping strategies in facing these challenges and their emotional impacts. Additionally, we summarize themes of patient-derived suggestions for improvement in care, which highlight the importance of compassionate, patient-centered care and mental health care to support adaptive coping.
PTSD symptoms in war-displaced refugees diagnosed with hypertension or type 2 diabetes: Prevalence and correlates
Authors: Gammoh Omar , AL-Ameri Mariam , Shilbayeh Sireen Abdul Rahim , Aljabali Alaa AA , Aldossary Khlood Mohammad , AlRasheed Hayam Ali
Published: February 2025

War-displaced refugees are subjected to ongoing mental and somatic health issues that impair their well-being. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported PTSD symptoms in war-displaced Syrian refugees residing in Jordan who had been diagnosed with at least with either hypertension or type 2 diabetes. The sample included 165 women (50.3%) and 162 men (49.7%); and 186 (56.7%) were older than 50 years. Self-reported PTSD symptoms were assessed using a validated Arabic scale. Data analysis revealed that 229/327 participants (69.8%) scored above the threshold for severe PTSD symptoms. The multivariable binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that participants reporting a lack of medications or symptoms of chronic non-specific widespread pain were at significantly higher odds for severe PTSD, respectively. Prompt logistic, medical, and psychiatric care is required to alleviate the high trauma burden in this fragile population.
Modelling wetting angle of solder on substrate using machine learning approach
Authors: Lee Bing-Xi , Liu Yu-chen
Published: January 2025

The solder wettability is a key factor for assessing joint reliability. However, the extensive range of solder composition, substrate material and reflow temperature make it challenging to modulate wettability through experimental methods. This study utilizes the machine learning method to develop a surrogate model fitted to experimental wetting angle data, aiming to predict the solder wettability as a function of composition, substrate material, and reflow temperature. The model full-fit (five-fold cross validation) root-mean-square error was 4.27 (6.73 ± 1.42). The model performance was characterized by using the cross-plot method, and the input feature contribution was determined through SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis. The model extrapolation to unknown alloys, which were not shown in the training data set showed a good agreement with experimental data.
Examining emotion dysregulation within police–community interactions
Authors: Makin David A , Willits Dale W , Parks Megan
Published: January 2025

This is a precursor study of de-escalation and non-escalation. Using an interdisciplinary framework, we code emotion dysregulation derived from body-worn camera footage. We then test the influence of individual, situational, and environmental predictors on emotion dysregulation. We apply systematic social observation and systematic social event modeling to body-worn camera footage associated with 568 separate interactions for a small agency in the United States; involving more than 11,000 minutes of contact between police officers and community members. The largest predictor of emotion dysregulation on the part of the officer is dysregulation on the part of the person of interest. Given the role of emotions in decision-making and their largely neglected state in the policing literature, these results demonstrate the utility of drawing upon the rich data contained within body-worn camera footage. Results also highlight contextual factors influencing dysregulation.
Construction of evaluation standard system of university practice teaching under the background of big data
Authors: Wu Ke , Sun Xuxue , Zhang Ruimin , Wu Ji , Gan Fangqun
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to explore the method and application of constructing the evaluation standard system of university practice teaching under the background of big data. Based on teaching evaluation theory, combined with big data technology, the paper constructs a practical teaching evaluation model through questionnaire survey and data collection. In the data analysis, the multiple linear regression model is used to predict the practical teaching effect, and the detailed empirical analysis is carried out. It is found that the model can predict the practical teaching effect and explain the variability of the actual data well. However, the study also revealed the existence of problems such as data quality, sample bias, and model limitations, which need further research and verification. In general, this study provides a preliminary framework for the evaluation of practical teaching in colleges and universities, and is expected to help colleges and universities improve the quality and effect of practical teaching.
Coupled analysis in magneto-electro-elastic material for moving semipermeable crack based on EMPS model using singular integral equation
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Sharma Kuldeep , Nautiyal Himanshu
Published: January 2025

This manuscript presents a moving semipermeable crack based on an electric-magnetic-polarization saturation (EMPS) model in magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) materials using the singular integral equation method. Propagation velocity-dependent a system of singular integral equations has been developed based on the EMPS model. Analytical solutions of developed singular integral equations and other fracture parameters are presented in this manuscript. Electric and magnetic semipermeable crack face boundary conditions have also been implemented at the center of the crack based on closed-form solutions with the help of an iterative method. Electric displacement, magnetic induction at the center of the crack, electric and magnetic zone lengths, and local stress intensity factors have been studied with respect to electric, magnetic, and mechanical loading for different propagation velocities. The final reveal is that electric displacement at crack surfaces has a miner effect with respect to magnetic loading. In contrast, electric displacement increases as electric loading increases and decreases as mechanical loading increases for all propagation velocities. Moreover, Normalized electric zone length and crack tip opening potential (CTOP) have a miner effect with respect to magnetic loading, while significantly affected with respect to electric and mechanical loading.
Framing the Xi–Biden meeting in news coverage: A cross-national comparative analysis
Authors: Ong Sheau Wen
Published: February 2025

The highly anticipated meeting between Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Joe Biden occurred at a critical moment amidst the ongoing global competition between these major powers. Countries in Southeast Asia, situated between the Sino-US rivalry, often face the pressure to align with one side. As global events unfold, audiences rely on news media for information. Guided by framing theory, this study examines cross-country variation in the coverage of the Sino-US meeting by news outlets in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. A content analysis of 263 news articles revealed that ASEAN news outlets primarily depend on agency input to shape their news agendas. The theme of “advancing national interests” was predominant in ASEAN news coverage, with Malaysian media notably emphasizing this theme. The study also discusses the implications of these findings and offers recommendations for future research.
A Discursive Construction of the Pragmatic Identities of Chinese College EFL Teachers in Evaluative Shuoke
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Qiu Yunlong
Published: January 2025

Pragmatic identity has received much attention in pragmatic studies. However, few studies have examined teacher’s pragmatic identity construction in the shuoke context. Shuoke is a teaching activity in which a teacher explains the teaching design and process to colleagues or experts for feedbacks. To address this research gap, this study applies Pragmatic Identity Theory to investigate the discursive construction of the pragmatic identities of Chinese college EFL teachers. Data was collected through a representative contest of evaluative shuoke, a type of shuoke used to help teachers assess and improve their teaching ability. It is found that five types of pragmatic identities are constructed, which can be categorized as information deliverer, creator, researcher, value guider and reflector. The discursive practices used for constructing these pragmatic identities include speech acts, grammar, and lexical features. These findings further validate Pragmatic Identity Theory in the shuoke context and provide insights for teachers to practice shuoke effectively from the perspective of pragmatic identity.
Development of the SMA EFFORT: A new approach to characterize perceived physical fatigability in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Rodriguez-Torres Rafael , Kanner Cara H , Gay Emma L , Uher David , Corbeil Thomas , Coratti Giorgia , Dunaway Young Sally , Rohwer Annemarie , Muni Lofra Robert , McDermott Michael P , De Vivo Darryl C , Wall Melanie M , Glynn Nancy W , Montes Jacqueline
Published: January 2025

Background:

Fatigue and fatigability are commonly reported in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Physical fatigability, proposed to be the most relevant to SMA pathophysiology, encompasses performance-based and perceived physical fatigability (PPF) assessments. While performance-based measures have highlighted physical fatigability as an SMA hallmark, PPF is not well characterized due to the lack of disease- and construct-specific scales.

Objective:

Our aim was to create a patient-reported outcome measure tailored for SMA, named the SMA EFFORT, to improve PPF assessment. Here, we describe the scale development process, assess scale properties, and discuss future research and application.

Methods:

SMA and scale development experts organized a comprehensive physical activity item bank, relevant across the SMA phenotypic spectrum. Activities were systematically categorized by varying intensities and durations. The SMA EFFORT was completed by an international cohort of individuals with all types of SMA. To compare PPF across demographic and clinical variables, SMA EFFORT PPF percent (PPF%) composite scoring was established.

Results:

One hundred eighteen participants completed the SMA EFFORT. Total PPF% scores were broadly distributed within functional groups, with differences between non-sitters (35.1 ± 21.0) and sitters (24.9 ± 15.1) ( p = 0.006), and those with (34.4 ± 18.1) and without respiratory support (26.4 ± 17.8) ( p = 0.02). Participants treated with disease modifying therapy (DMT) showed similar scores to those without treatment ( p = 0.70). Further, no differences in scores were observed in participants with scoliosis surgery and those without ( p = 0.71). Subscale analyses revealed differences in mean PPF% subscale scores by functional group.

Conclusions:

The novel SMA EFFORT standardizes PPF ratings by anchoring activity to intensity and duration. Item and scale data insights will inform the next iteration, which will undergo additional investigation. The SMA EFFORT aims to improve upon current measures to better assess treatment impact on physical well-being across the SMA spectrum.