bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Streaming Urea Ammonium Nitrate with or without Enhanced Efficiency Products Impacted Corn Yields, Ammonia, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions
Authors: Woodley A. L. , Drury C. F. , Yang X. M. , Reynolds W. D. , Calder W. , Oloya T. O.
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Streaming urea ammonium nitrate resulted in 11% lower corn yields compared to injected urea ammonium nitrate.

Ammonia volatilization (NH3) begins immediately after application for streaming urea ammonium nitrate.

In 2015–2016, NH3 loss was 3.6 fold greater for streaming urea ammonium nitrate compared to injected urea ammonium nitrate.

Urease and nitrification inhibitors did not increase corn yields with streaming urea ammonium nitrate.

Streaming urea ammonium nitrate with a urease inhibitor increased N2O emissions by 18.7%.

Surface streaming urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) into corn (Zea mays L.) at side‐dress (v4–v6) or later in the season (v12–v14) is an emerging N fertilizer application method as it is rapid, reduces soil disturbance, and allows for flexible application times. In 2013 and 2014, side‐dress N application (130 kg N ha−1) using three streaming UAN sources was evaluated for their ability to maintain grain yield, reduce ammonia (NH3) volatilization, and mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The products included streaming of urea ammonium nitrate (StrUAN), urea ammonium nitrate with a urease inhibitor (StrUAN‐UI), urea ammonium nitrate with urease inhibitor plus nitrification inhibitor (StrUAN‐UI+NI), and a control (no N). The efficacy of streaming relative to traditional shallow‐injected urea ammonium nitrate (InjUAN) was also assessed. Delayed NH3 sampling related to wind‐tunnel installation in 2013 and 2014 led to additional NH3 measurements in 2015 and 2016. Average yields from StrUAN were 11% lower relative to InjUAN. The use of inhibitors did not improve yields relative to StrUAN. Ammonia volatilization was not significantly different between StrUAN and InjUAN losing 14 and 20% of applied N (2‐yr average), respectively. However in 2015 and 2016, NH3 volatilization from StrUAN was 3.6‐fold greater than InjUAN when measurements were started immediately after application. Hence lower yields in 2013 and 2014 from StrUAN likely reflect N loss to rapid volatilization during or shortly after application. The StrUAN‐UI treatment increased 2‐yr average N2O emissions by 17.3 to 18.7% relative to StrUAN or StrUAN‐UI+NI. For humid‐temperate clay loam soil, UAN streaming with/without inhibitors was not effective for maintaining yields or reducing NH3 volatilization.
Rhizosphere‐Scale Quantification of Hydraulic and Mechanical Properties of Soil Impacted by Root and Seed Exudates
Authors: Naveed M. , Brown L.K. , Raffan A.C. , George T.S. , Bengough A.G. , Roose T. , Sinclair I. , Koebernick N. , Cooper L. , Hallett P.D.
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

We hypothesized that plant exudates gel soil particles and on drying enhance water repellency.

This has been carried out using rhizosphere‐scale mechanical and hydraulic measurements.

Plant exudates enhanced soil hardness and modulus of elasticity as chia seed > maize root > barley root.

Plant exudates caused measureable decreases in soil wetting rates through water repellency.

Using rhizosphere‐scale physical measurements, we tested the hypothesis that plant exudates gel together soil particles and, on drying, enhance soil water repellency. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Optic) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Freya) root exudates were compared with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed exudate, a commonly used root exudate analog. Sandy loam and clay loam soils were treated with root exudates at 0.46 and 4.6 mg exudate g−1 dry soil and chia seed exudate at 0.046, 0.46, 0.92, 2.3 and 4.6 mg exudate g−1 dry soil. Soil hardness and modulus of elasticity were measured at −10 kPa matric potential using a 3‐mm‐diameter spherical indenter. The water sorptivity and repellency index of air‐dry soil were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer device with a 1‐mm tip radius. Soil hardness increased by 28% for barley root exudate, 62% for maize root exudate, and 86% for chia seed exudate at 4.6 mg g−1 concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, root exudates did not affect soil hardness, whereas chia seed exudate increased soil hardness by 48% at 4.6 mg g−1 concentration. Soil water repellency increased by 48% for chia seed exudate and 23% for maize root exudate but not for barley root exudate at 4.6 mg g−1 concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, chia seed exudate increased water repellency by 45%, whereas root exudates did not affect water repellency at 4.6 mg g−1 concentration. Water sorptivity and repellency were both correlated with hardness, presumably due to the combined influence of exudates on the hydrological and mechanical properties of the soils.
Evaluation of Moringa oleifera seed extract by extraction time: effect on coagulation efficiency and extract characteristic
Authors: Jung Youmi , Jung Yoonhee , Kwon Minhwan , Kye Homin , Abrha Yirga Weldu , Kang Joon-Wun
Published: February 2018

The seed of Moringa oleifera (MO) is a well-known coagulant used in water and wastewater treatment, especially in developing countries. The main mechanism of MO seed extract in coagulation is the positive protein component for charge neutralization. The method for efficient extraction of MO seed is very important for high coagulation activity. In this study, the effects of extraction mixing speed and extraction time of MO on coagulation activity were evaluated using a distilled water extraction method. Although the rotation per minute for extraction did not affect the coagulation efficiency, the extraction time strongly affected the coagulation efficiency of the extract. To evaluate the characteristic change of MO extract by extraction time, the charge of MO extract and protein characteristic in MO extract were analysed. As the extraction time was short, more positive charge and higher protein content were observed. For detailed protein analysis, the fluorescence spectroscopic study (EEM analysis) was performed. The tryptophan-like peak increased at longer extraction times. For efficient extraction of MO seed, a short extraction time is strongly recommended.
New approach for estimation of detention time and prediction of quality in water networks
Authors: Amit B. , Brill E.
Published: February 2018

A water quality model (WQM) is a tool used for the prediction of water quality in a water distribution network. Previous studies have proposed a variety of methods for computing WQMs. All of these are flow-based and thus require the use of a hydraulic model. The current paper proposes a new methodology for a WQM based on a statistical approach. The study suggests a methodology that predicts the change in both detention time and water quality between two locations in a branched network, without the use of a hydraulic model. The methodology was implemented at a large water utility and tested using real-time data. The model output was then examined and verified by conducting a statistical test to compare the detention time with that predicted using an existing hydraulic model. It was found that the proposed model can be effectively used as a WQM.
Norte e Sul como Referências para uma Ciência Social global: Transdisciplinar, Antiutilitarista e Pós-Colonial
Authors: Martins Paulo Henrique
Published: February 2018

O diálogo entre intelectuais do Sul Global e do Norte Global, hoje, é fundamental para uma crítica teórica geral do sistema de poder mundial. Esse diálogo precisa considerar três pontos: uma perspectiva transnacional – para além do eurocentrismo e das escolas nacionais e coloniais –, um discurso transdisciplinar – englobando as diversas disciplinas científicas nas áreas das ciências humanas e também dos estudos sobre a natureza–, e uma articulação estreita entre teoria e prática, entre sabe- res científicos e mobilizações coletivas, que resgate o papel das experiências na construção das ideias. No entanto, esse diálogo ainda permanece limitado por várias dificuldades que reprodu- zem mecanismos de colonialidade e de classificação dos saberes globais.
Tendências da Atuação Sindical no Brasil de Hoje
Authors: Lazzareschi Noêmia
Published: February 2018

Este artigo procura demonstrar que a intensificação do processo de internacionalização dos mercados - globalização da economia-, conjugada à  reestruturação produtiva, isto é, à modernização tecnológica e organizacional das empresas, como condição para a elevação de sua competitividade, desestruturam os mercados de trabalho e tendem a prescrever a negociação permanente como nova orientação política dos sindicatos para a defesa dos interesses dos trabalhadores, seja empresa por empresa, por setor, seja articulada entre governo x sindicato x empresários. Trata-se de uma verdadeira revolução na regulamentação das relações de trabalho, pois o negociado tende a se sobrepor ao legislado sempre que a manutenção dos empregos estiver amea- çada e desde que respeitadas as garantias fundamentais assegu- radas aos trabalhadores pela CLT - Consolidação das Leis Traba- lhistas -, estratégia adotada antes mesmo da reforma trabalhista recentemente aprovada.
Issues in Child and Adolescent Inpatient Assessment and Evaluation After Discharge: Protocol for App Development and a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Hansson Kristian , Johansson Björn Axel , Andersson Claes , Rastam Maria , Eberhard Sophia
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

New methods are needed for collecting data of in- and outpatients and for improving outpatient compliance after discharge. Mobile technologies, such as smartphone apps, have shown promising results, (eg, helping unwell people by offering support and resources). Screening for the condition, including comorbidities, is a vital part of psychiatric care. Comorbid conditions, especially in emergency evaluation, are often missed, leading to inaccurate diagnosis and treatment. One way of improving diagnostic accuracy is to use a structured diagnostic process. Digitalized screening and follow-up have the advantage of making administration and scoring easier and less time consuming, thereby increasing response rate. To address these problems, we decided to create a smartphone app called The Blue App. The Blue App was developed through 6 steps, described in the manuscript.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to describe (1) the development of The Blue App and (2) 2 planned research studies to evaluate the app.

METHODS

Two studies will be performed. Study 1 has a descriptive design, mapping comorbidities before and after the introduction of The Blue App. Study 2 has a randomized controlled design, measuring compliance with outpatient treatments as well as depressive symptoms, rated as changes in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Scale scores during a 1-year follow-up.

RESULTS

We have described app development. Data collection for Study 1 started in autumn 2017. Study 2 will start in autumn 2018. We expect to have enrolled the 150 patients in Study 2 by December 2019. Final results will be published in a scientific journal.

CONCLUSIONS

A technically advanced and easy-to-use Web-based mobile phone app corresponding to the unit’s needs was developed, and 2 studies are planned to evaluate its usefulness.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

RR1-10.2196/10121
Data-Driven Learning in High-Resolution Activity Sampling From Patients With Bipolar Depression: Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Rohani Darius Adam , Tuxen Nanna , Quemada Lopategui Andrea , Kessing Lars Vedel , Bardram Jakob Eyvind
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Behavioral activation is a pen and paper-based therapy form for treating depression. The patient registers their activity hourly, and together with the therapist, they agree on a plan to change behavior. However, with the limited clinical personnel, and a growing patient population, new methods are needed to advance behavioral activation.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this paper were to (1) automatically identify behavioral patterns through statistical analysis of the paper-based activity diaries, and (2) determine whether it is feasible to move the behavioral activation therapy format to a digital solution.

METHODS

We collected activity diaries from seven patients with bipolar depression, covering in total 2,480 hours of self-reported activities. A pleasure score, on a 1-10 rating scale, was reported for each activity. The activities were digitalized into 6 activity categories, and statistical analyses were conducted.

RESULTS

Across all patients, movement-related activities were associated with the highest pleasure score followed by social activities. On an individual level, through a nonparametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, one patient had a statistically significant larger amount of spare time activities when feeling bad (z=–2.045, P=.041). Through a within-subject analysis of covariance, the patients were found to have a better day than the previous, if that previous day followed their diurnal rhythm (ρ=.265, P=.029). Furthermore, a second-order trend indicated that two hours of daily social activity was optimal for the patients (β2=–0.08, t (63)=–1.22, P=.23).

CONCLUSIONS

The data-driven statistical approach was able to find patterns within the behavioral traits that could assist the therapist in as well as help design future technologies for behavioral activation.
Distribuição quantitativa dos casos de dengue no Paraná entre 2012 e 2016
Authors: De Almeida Melo André Luiz
Published: February 2018

INTRODUÇÃO: A dengue é uma das principais arboviroses no mundo e no Brasil é responsável por milhares de casos anualmente. No Paraná, a doença tornou-se endêmica a partir da última década. OBJETIVO: O trabalho quantificou os casos de dengue no Paraná entre 2012 e 2016, analisando distribuição, formas graves e número de óbitos. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa usou dados obtidos pelo SINAN e agrupou conforme período e região de ocorrência. RESULTADOS: O total de casos variou de 18.824 (2013-2014) a 56.351 (2015-2016). Os registros de dengue com sinais de alarme (DSA) e dengue grave (DG) passaram de 195 e 32 para 780 e 132, respectivamente. O número de óbitos variou de 9 a 61. CONCLUSÃO: Nas regiões Norte, Noroeste e Oeste o número de casos foi elevado durante todo período estudado, já no Leste, Campos Gerais e Centro-Sul a transmissão se iniciou mais tardiamente.
Religia i konwersja jako potencjał w resocjalizacji
Authors: Bernasiewicz Maciej
Published: February 2018

Autor omawia naukową literaturę poświęconą badaniom dotyczącym znaczenia religii i wiary w procesie resocjalizacji oraz transformacji tożsamościowej. W kontekście wychowania resocjalizującego możemy mówić o religii jako o sile generującej pozytywną zmianę. Autor dowodzi, że konwersja może pomóc uwięzionym osobom uniknąć recydywy, przeciwdziałauzależnieniom oraz pomaga odnaleźć i uwierzyć w dobre życie
Badania osobopoznawcze w penitencjarystyce
Authors: Poklek Robert
Published: February 2018

Badania osobopoznawcze są podstawą podejmowanych względem osadzonego decyzji administracyjnych oraz oddziaływań penitencjarnych i terapeutycznych. Poprawnie przeprowadzona diagnoza umożliwia zindywidualizowanie procesu resocjalizacji penitencjarnej, prognozowanie penitencjarne i kryminologiczno-społeczne, zapobieganie wzajemnej demoralizacji więźniów oraz zapewnienie porządku i bezpieczeństwa w jednostce penitencjarnej. W artykule podjęto próbę szczegółowego omówienia badań osobopoznawczych osób pozbawionych wolności realizowanych w zakładach karnych i aresztach śledczych w kontekście prawno-kryminologicznym i psychopedagogicznym. Omówiono źródła informacji osobopoznawczych o skazanym oraz procedury podejmowane przez personel więzienny w celu przeprowadzenia i udokumentowania diagnozy penitencjarnej W podsumowaniu wskazano na kompetencje personelu więziennego niezbędne do prowadzenia badań osobopoznawczych.
„Niewidzialne dzieci” – o sytuacji społecznej dzieci osób pozbawionych wolności
Authors: Dzierzyńska-Breś Sonia
Published: February 2018

Dzieci osób pozbawionych wolności w Polsce są pomijane nie tylko przez teoretyków, ale również przez praktyków związanych z pedagogiką resocjalizacyjną. Wciąż brak jest badań, które diagnozowałyby ich sytuację społeczną oraz działań wspierających tą zaniedbaną przez instytucje pomocowe grupę, co czyni dzieci osób pozbawionych wolności„niewidzialnymi”. Dlatego też celem badań jakościowych, które przeprowadziłam w latach 2013–2014 było zdiagnozowanie sytuacji społecznej rodziny, w tym i dzieci osób pozbawionych wolności. Zrealizowałam wywiady pogłębione zarówno z żonami, jak i partnerkami skazanych (32 osoby), jak i ich dziećmi (12 osób) w ich miejscu zamieszkania. Badane rodziny podzieliłam na takie, które nadal utrzymywały kontakt z uwięzionym, jak i tymi rodzinami, które go zaprzestały. Skazani mężowie/partnerzy i ojcowie, odbywali karę w różnego rodzaju typach i rodzajach zakładów karnych. Próba badawcza dobrana była w sposób zróżnicowany, tak by uchwycić zmienność sytuacji społecznej rodzin, Wybrane rodziny charakteryzowały się również różnorodnym usytuowaniem społecznym. Pozwoliło mi to wyróżnić oraz scharakteryzować trzy typy sytuacji społecznej w której funkcjonują rodziny osób pozbawionych wolności, w tym i dzieci: (1) Sytuację społeczną rodziny skoncentrowanej na wspieraniu procesu resocjalizacji skazanego, (2) Sytuacje społeczną rodziny sprionizowanej, pozostającej w opozycji do procesu resocjalizacji skazanego, (3) Sytuację społeczną rodziny skoncentrowanej na rekonstrukcji własnego otoczenia społecznego.
Research Note: Scraping Financial Data from the Web Using the R Language
Authors: Krotov Vlad , Tennyson Matthew
Published: February 2018

The main goal of this research note is to educate business researchers on how to automatically scrape financial data from the World Wide Web using the R programming language. This paper is organized into the following main parts. The first part provides a conceptual overview of the web scraping process. The second part educates the reader about the Rvest package—a popular tool for browsing and downloading web data in R. The third part educates the reader about the main functions of the XBRL package. The XBRL package was developed specifically for working with financial data distributed using the XBRL format in the R environment. The fourth part of this paper presents an example of a relatively complex web scraping task implemented using the R language. This complex web scraping task involves using both the Rvest and XBRL packages for the purposes of retrieving, preprocessing, and organizing financial and nonfinancial data related to a company from various sources and using different data forms. The paper ends with some concluding remarks on how the web scraping approach presented in this paper can be useful in other research projects involving financial and nonfinancial data.
Role of Protein Phosphatase 1 and Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 1 in Nitric Oxide–Dependent Inhibition of the DNA Damage Response in Pancreatic β-Cells
Authors: Oleson Bryndon J. , Naatz Aaron , Proudfoot Sarah C. , Yeo Chay Teng , Corbett John A.
Published: February 2018

Nitric oxide is produced at micromolar levels by pancreatic β-cells during exposure to proinflammatory cytokines. While classically viewed as damaging, nitric oxide also activates pathways that promote β-cell survival. We have shown that nitric oxide, in a cell type–selective manner, inhibits the DNA damage response (DDR) and, in doing so, protects β-cells from DNA damage–induced apoptosis. This study explores potential mechanisms by which nitric oxide inhibits DDR signaling. We show that inhibition of DDR signaling (measured by γH2AX formation and the phosphorylation of KAP1) is selective for nitric oxide, as other forms of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species do not impair DDR signaling. The kinetics and broad range of DDR substrates that are inhibited suggest that protein phosphatase activation may be one mechanism by which nitric oxide attenuates DDR signaling in β-cells. While protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a primary regulator of DDR signaling and an inhibitor of PP1 (IPP1) is selectively expressed only in β-cells, disruption of either IPP1 or PP1 does not modify the inhibitory actions of nitric oxide on DDR signaling in β-cells. These findings support a PP1-independent mechanism by which nitric oxide selectively impairs DDR signaling and protects β-cells from DNA damage–induced apoptosis.
Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Impaired Diastolic Function Independently of MRI-Derived Myocardial Extracellular Volume: The MESA Study
Authors: Ladeiras-Lopes Ricardo , Moreira Henrique T. , Bettencourt Nuno , Fontes-Carvalho Ricardo , Sampaio Francisco , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath , Wu Colin , Liu Kiang , Bertoni Alain G. , Ouyang Pamela , Bluemke David A. , Lima João A.
Published: February 2018

The relationship of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (one of its key pathophysiological mediators) with diastolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis is not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the association of MetS with diastolic function and myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) using cardiac MRI (CMRI) in a large community-based population. This cross-sectional analysis included 1,582 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% and no history of cardiac events. Diastolic function was assessed using tagged CMRI parameters including end-diastolic strain rate (EDSR) and strain relaxation index (SRI). ECM was evaluated using extracellular volume (ECV) quantification. Participants’ mean age was 67.4 ± 8.6 years, and 48.1% were males. MetS was present in 533 individuals (33.7%), and type 2 diabetes in 250 (15.8%). In the multivariable analyses, MetS (irrespective of the presence of type 2 diabetes) and higher insulin resistance were associated with impaired diastolic function (higher SRI and lower EDSR), independent of ECV. In conclusion, MetS, irrespective of the presence of type 2 diabetes, was independently associated with impaired diastole. These functional myocardial changes seem to result from intrinsic cardiomyocyte alterations, irrespective of the myocardial interstitium (including fibrosis).
Optimizing Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Adolescents and Emerging Adults Using the MiniMed 670G System
Authors: Messer Laurel H. , Forlenza Gregory P. , Sherr Jennifer L. , Wadwa R. Paul , Buckingham Bruce A. , Weinzimer Stuart A. , Maahs David M. , Slover Robert H.
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE

The MiniMed 670G System is the first commercial hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system for management of type 1 diabetes. Using data from adolescent and young adult participants, we compared insulin delivery patterns and time-in-range metrics in HCL (Auto Mode) and open loop (OL). System alerts, usage profiles, and operational parameters were examined to provide suggestions for optimal clinical use of the system.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data from 31 adolescent and young adult participants (14–26 years old) at three clinical sites in the 670G pivotal trial were analyzed. Participants had a 2-week run-in period in OL, followed by a 3-month in-home study phase with HCL functionality enabled. Data were compared between baseline OL and HCL use after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months.

RESULTS

Carbohydrate-to-insulin (C-to-I) ratios were more aggressive for all meals with HCL compared with baseline OL. Total daily insulin dose and basal-to-bolus ratio did not change during the trial. Time in range increased 14% with use of Auto Mode after 3 months (P < 0.001), and HbA1c decreased 0.75%. Auto Mode exits were primarily due to sensor/insulin delivery alerts and hyperglycemia. The percentage of time in Auto Mode gradually declined from 87%, with a final use rate of 72% (−15%).

CONCLUSIONS

In transitioning young patients to the 670G system, providers should anticipate immediate C-to-I ratio adjustments while also assessing active insulin time. Users should anticipate occasional Auto Mode exits, which can be reduced by following system instructions and reliably bolusing for meals. Unique 670G system functionality requires ongoing clinical guidance and education from providers.
The Pillars of Prevention: Discover, Advocate, and Educate
Authors: Montgomery Brenda
Published: February 2018

EDITOR’S NOTE: This article is adapted from a speech that Ms. Montgomery delivered as the American Diabetes Association’s President of Health Care & Education at ADA’s Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions in June 2017, San Diego, Calif. A webcast of the speech can be viewed on ADA’s DiabetesPro website at https://professional.diabetes.org/webcasts-ss2017.
Diplomacy in Action: Latourian Politics and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Authors: Kouw Matthijs , Petersen Arthur
Published: February 2018

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reviews scientific literature on climate change in an attempt to make scientific knowledge about climate change accessible to a wide audience that includes policymakers. Documents produced by the IPCC are subject to negotiations in plenary sessions, which can be frustrating for the scientists and government delegations involved, who all have stakes in getting their respective interests met. This paper draws on the work of Bruno Latour in order to formulate a so-called ‘diplomatic’ approach to knowledge assessment in global climate governance. Such an approach, we argue, helps to make climate governance more inclusive by helping to identify values of parties involved with the IPCC plenaries, and allowing those parties to recognize their mutual interests and perspectives on climate change. Drawing on observations during IPCC plenaries, this paper argues that a Latourian form of diplomacy can lead to more inclusive negotiations in climate governance
Pohjoismaiset terveysjärjestelmät yhteiskunnallisessa turbulenssissa – Euroopan kansanterveyskonferenssin prekonferenssi Tukholmassa 1.11.2017
Authors: Gissler Mika , Rahkonen Ossi
Published: February 2018

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Civilståndsstatus och ensamhet bland svensk- och finskspråkiga – en befolkningsbaserad studie i västra Finland
Authors: Nyqvist Fredrica , Reini Kaarina , Forsman Anna K.
Published: February 2018

I den här studien granskar vi civilståndsstatus och dess betydelse för ensamhet. Vi fokuserar särkskilt på svensk- och finskspråkigas ensamhet i Finland med tanke på att den tidigareforskningen visar att det bland svenskspråkiga förekommer färre skilsmässor jämfört med finskspråkiga. Data insamlades i västra Finland åren 2008 och 2014 och totalt analyserades 8238personer i åldern 20–80 år. Vi delade upp analysen enligt tre åldersgrupper och civilståndsstatus. Resultaten visar att äktenskap och samboskap verkar skydda mot känslan av ensamhet. Resultatenvisar dessutom en språkgruppsskillnad i ensamhet för ogifta i åldersgruppen 60–80 år så att flera svenskspråkiga rapporterar ensamhet jämfört med finskspråkiga. Genomgående har svagtsocialt stöd en stor betydelse för ensamhet, medan ett lågt föreningsengagemang enbart har ett samband med ensamhet för gifta och samboende i åldern 60–80 år. Resultaten antyder attsärskild uppmärksamhet i debatten om ensamhet bör fästas vid sociala förändringar som sker vid förlust av livspartner och skilsmässa. De sociala resurserna har en viktig roll för minskadensamhet men betydelsen av dem varierar mellan åldersgrupper och ens civilståndsstatus.
Concerning the need of the joint implementation of process and system approaches while managing logistic risks of manufacturing enterprise
Authors: Dvas Aleksandr Grigorievich ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: February 2018

The paper substantiates the deterministic nature of theoretical and methodological categories and concepts of logistic risks management in order to improve the functioning of a logistic subsystem of manufacturing enterprise. Various approaches to the definition of logistic risk are considered. They include a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign studies reviewing logistic risks. The paper analyzes criteria methods for defining risks as logistic ones. The author concludes that there are no unified classification criteria and justification of classifying principles applied. Besides, the research explains that in order to improve the functioning of a logistic subsystem of manufacturing enterprise, it is necessary to focus exclusively on the inherent logistic risks. In this context, one should jointly implement the process and system approaches to the analysis of manufacturing enterprise logistics system, including the logistic expenses arising in the course of its activity.
La cultura como clave analítica de la acción colectiva popular
Authors: Bruno Daniela Paola
Published: February 2018

En este artículo la autora caracteriza los enfoques que asumen la cultura como clave analítica de la acción colectiva y que analizan los procesos simbólicos y cognitivos que tienen lugar en las organizaciones y redes de los movimientos sociales; donde se gestan los marcos de significados y las identidades colectivas que confieren sentido a la participación social y explican, al menos en parte, el surgimiento, desarrollo y persistencia de un movimiento social en el tiempo. También caracteriza la recepción crítica que este giro cultural en el estudio de la acción colectiva tuvo en América Latina hacia fines del siglo pasado, a partir de las categorías de clase y los aportes de los estudios culturales latinoamericanos.
Derecho a la comunicación de organizaciones campesinas de Goya, Corrientes
Authors: Cefarelli Jorge Omar , Segura Martín Andrés
Published: February 2018

En este artículo los autores proponen recuperar la experiencia de la Red de Comunicadores Populares de las ciudades correntinas de Goya y Lavalle. El interés de este abordaje radica en que, por un lado, la Red sintetiza el silenciamiento, el ocultamiento al que fueron sometidos históricamente los agricultores familiares: arrebato de sus tierras, precarización como trabajadores e invisibilidad en los medios de comunicación. Por otro lado, esta experiencia corporiza el surgimiento de un Estado presente que los reconoce, que los visibiliza con políticas públicas pensadas y desarrolladas desde el debate conjunto con los agricultores familiares, concibiéndolos como sujetos de derecho.
TUNGRO DISEASE CONTROL THROUGH THE ELIMINATION VECTOR ROLE OF GREEN LEAF HOPPER WITH ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY CONTROL
Authors: Yuliani Dini , Widiarta I Nyoman
Published: February 2018

Green leafhopper (GLH)plays an important role in tungro disease epidemics. Reduce the activity of GLHsuckasvectorsof tungro virus was effective to limit transmission of the virus. Integrated control of tungro disease may involve multiple components at once including using sambilata with entomopathogenicfungus Metarhiziumanisopliae. This research was conducted to determine the effect of sambilata and M.anisopliaein controlling the GLH as tungro virus vectors. The experiment was conducted in tungro endemic areas in Tanjungsiang,Subang District at dry season 2013 and wet season 2013/2014. Experiments using split plot design with four replications. The main plot was consists of GLH resistant varieties(IR66), tungro resistant varieties (Inpari 9), and check varieties(Ciherang). The subplots were M.anisopliae applications, sambilata, and control. Application was done on rice plant age 14, 28 and 42 days after planting (DAP).The results showed that the intensity of tungro on Ciherang showed the highest intensity compared toIR66 and Inpari9. Effect of entomopathogenic fungus M.anisopliae application to tungro disease showed a lower intensity compared with sambilata extracts and control. The intensity of tungro disease in farmers’ fields as a comparison of experiment was high enough on average between 1 until 69%. In general, the density of GLH population began to increase on the observation of 14 to 28 DAP. GLH population density was highest at 28 DAP. However, the population density of GLH decreased at 42 until 56 DAP.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS RESULT OF LOCAL PADDY KINSHIP BASED ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERS
Authors: Rohaeni Wage Ratna , Yunani Nani
Published: February 2018

Morpho-agronomic characters consist of two types of qualitative and quantitative characters. Qualitative characters were discontinuous and score data form, while the quantitative are continuous and measurable. Kinship analysis is important for breeders to know the genetic distance between genotypes. Allegedly there are differences in the genetic kinship analysis between based on data from qualitative to quantitative character. The aim of this study was to compare the results of the analysis of kinship based on quantitative and qualitative data on phenotypic characterization of local rice. A total of 43 local rice from West Java was used on phenotypic characterization activities. The research was done at Sukamandi experiment station of ICRR (Indonesian Rice Research Institute) on 2014. Qualitative characters were observed as many as 24 characters, and quantitative as many as 23 characters. Analysis of data was by using Minitab version 14. The results indicate that kinship analysis results using data from qualitative, quantitative or a combination of both was not significantly different at the component level analysis of the number of clusters and similarity but there were real differences in the level of genetic distance. Dendogram based on qualitative characters was different than based on quantitative character. Analysis of kinship between genotype recommended using a data combination of qualitative and quantitative character that the genetic distance between genotype information more accurately
Risk Factors for Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Hospital Infection in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Djordjevic Zorana M. , Folic Marko M. , Gajovic Nevena , Jankovic Slobodan M.
Published: February 2018

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp) has become a major threat to patients in hospitals, increasing mortality, length of stay and costs.

The aim of this study was to discover risk factors for the development of hospital infections (HIs) caused by CR-Kp.

A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit of the Clinical Centre in Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia, from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015. The “cases” were patients with HIs caused by CR-Kp, while the “controls” were patients infected with carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (CS-Kp). The significance of multiple putative risk factors for HIs caused by CR-Kp was tested using multivariate logistic regression.

Although univariate analyses pointed to many risk factors, with a significant influence on the occurrence of hospital CR-Kp infections, the multivariate logistic regression identified five independent risk factors: use of mechanical ventilation (OR=6.090; 95% CI=1.030-36.020; p=0.046); length of antibiotic therapy before HIs (days) (OR=1.080; 95% CI=1.003-1.387; p=0.045); previous use of carbapenems (OR=7.005; 95% CI=1.054-46.572; p=0.044); previous use of ciprofloxacin (OR=20.628; 95% CI=2.292-185.687; p=0.007) and previous use of metronidazole (OR=40.320; 95% CI=2.347-692.795; p=0.011)

HIs caused by CR-Kp are strongly associated with the use of mechanical ventilation and the duration of the previous use of certain antibiotics (carbapenems, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole).
Spanish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory Construction and Validity among Higher Education Students
Authors: Usart Mireia , Romero Margarida
Published: February 2018

Introduction. The study of Time Orientation (TO) has been focused on how to measure this construct and its effects on human behavior. Defined as a fundamental psychological variable, TO is multidimensional, sensible to cultural differences and age. Although its relation to learning, it deserves further study in the different Higher Education (HE) modalities (onsite, blended and online).Method. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used in a sample of 250 HE learners enrolled in online, blended and onsite institutions, to compare the results of the ZTPI in the particular population of HE students in relation with the previous studies in English and those using the ZTPI Spanish release among a general population sample. Also, Confirmatory Factorial Analysis (CFA) is conducted among a different sample (n=316) in order to discuss the external validity of the instrument.Results. The factorial structure study of the ZTPI in Spanish among HE students revealed 5 factors, with a similar item classification of the previous study of the Spanish release and an acceptable internal reliability for each factor. Furthermore, the study of TO in relation to age for students in three different university modalities showed significant differences for past and future orientations and present hedonism when compared with previous research, culturan aspects are discussed. In general, the ZTPI in Spanish is a reliable instrument for measuring the students’ TO, and this psychological trait is significantly related to age and university modality.Discussion. Our results could give a first, indicative direction for helping institutions adapting their offer of online, onsite and blended courses to the different students’ profiles, based on their TO. Moreover, differences shown among contexts could also guide prospective HE students to choose the best fitted HE modality according to their TO.
Validation of an Evaluation Tutoring Task Scale at the University
Authors: Sáiz-Manzanares María Consuelo , Bol-Arreba Alfredo , Payo-Hernanz René Jesús
Published: February 2018

Introduction. Recent investigations have emphasized the need for university teachers to develop tutorial programs for students at university. Many universities are committed to broadening research on university teaching that will sharpen academic performance and levels of student satisfaction. Tutoring programs improve the development of the teaching-learning process and reduce student drop-out rates. However, it is necessary to step up teacher training in the evaluation of prior knowledge, in procedures for continuous assessment and in teaching- learning methodologies for project-based learning. Likewise, instruments with high levels of reliability and validity are needed, to measure the effectiveness of these tutorialprogramme- based techniques. The objectives of our study are twofold: to validate a scale for measuring the development of the Tutorial Program and to test whether the department to which the teacher-tutor belongs influences the evaluation of the Tutorial Program.Method. A sample of 237 university professors at the University of Burgos from 16 departments participating in the Tutorial Program is analyzed in this study.Results. The results of the study with regard to the first objective indicate high overall reliability of the scale ( =.93) and of inter-item correlation ( =.92 to  =.93). With regard to the second objective, significant differences are found between departments.Discussion and conclusion. The findings of this study indicate the need to increase teacher training in orientation tutoring.
Towards the Solution of Abysmal Performance in Mathematics in Junior High Schools: Comparing the Pedagogical Potential of two Designed Interventions
Authors: Sarfo Frederick Kwaku , Eshun Grace , Elen Jan , Adentwi Kobina Impraim
Published: February 2018

Introduction. In this study, the effectiveness of two different interventions was investigated. The effects of a concrete abstract intervention and a regular method of teaching intervention were compared. Both interventions were designed in line with the specifications of classical principles of instructional design for learning mathematics in the traditional classroom of junior high school (JHS) in Ghana. The purpose was to contribute to the solution of abysmal performance of mathematics in the JHS.Method. Eighty students randomly selected from JHS, were randomly assigned to the two treatments. The content for the treatments were selected from the JHS syllabus. A teacher was trained to implement the treatments. The main study, consisting of six sessions, was conducted in a regular classroom of the school. Descriptive statistics, paired-samples t test, and t independent test were used to analyze the data.Results. Generally, the general performance of students in both groups improved significantly after they had experienced the designed treatments. Comparatively, t independent test revealed that the designed concrete representational abstract intervention (DCRAI) is more effective for improving students’ general performance in geometry and algebra than the designed regular method of teaching intervention (DRMTI).Discussion and conclusion. The results of the study imply that instructional design principles are relevant, effective and needed in the design of classroom teaching, to address the poor performance in mathematics in JHSs (in Ghana).
Confiabilidad y Validez del Achievement Emotions Questionnaire. Un Estudio con Alumnado Universitario Argentino
Authors: Paoloni Paola Verónica , Vaja Arabela Beatriz , Muñoz Verónica Lilian
Published: February 2018

Introducción. Este trabajo se orienta a describir propiedades psicométricas del Achievement Emotions Questionnaire -AEQ- para la sección que mide emociones relacionadas con las clases. Desde el punto de vista teórico, el instrumento fue diseñado en base a la teoría del control- valor de las emociones de logro. Así pues, los hallazgos obtenidos habilitan reflexiones sobre la teoría de base. Desde un punto de vista práctico, no contamos en nuestro país con registros documentados acerca de las bondades técnicas del instrumento, por lo que los resultados al respecto se valoran como muy importantes.Método. La sección del AEQ que valora emociones relacionadas con las clases, consta de 80 ítems agrupados en ocho escalas: disfrute, esperanza, orgullo, enojo, ansiedad, vergüenza, desesperanza y aburrimiento. Para los análisis de confiabilidad, nos basamos en las respuestas de una muestra de 450 alumnos efectivos de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (Argentina). Para los análisis de validez de contenido, consideramos las respuestas de 11 expertos a un cuestionario elaborado a tal fin.Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos indican niveles de confiabilidad aceptable tanto para el uso del cuestionario en su conjunto como para las escalas consideradas independientemente -a excepción de 'esperanza', que ameritaría análisis y reformulaciones subsiguientes. Por su parte, el procedimiento de acuerdo entre jueces, permitió probar la validez de contenido del instrumento; así, entre el 80% y el 100% de los jueces acordó en indicar pertinencia alta o moderada para 79 de los 80 ítems que conforman al cuestionario.Conclusiones. Los índices de confiabilidad y validez obtenidos por medio de este estudio, permiten concluir que el instrumento, en su versión traducida al español de Argentina (AEQe), puede ser utilizado con confianza con grupos de estudiantes de nuestro contexto. Los resultados sugieren además, alternativas que podrían elevar incluso los índices de confiabilidad y validez obtenidos.
La invención de problemas aritméticos por estudiantes con talento matemático
Authors: Espinoza González Johan , Luis José Luis , Isidoro Isidoro
Published: February 2018

Introducción. Se presenta el análisis de los problemas aritméticos planteados por un grupo de estudiantes considerados con talento matemático ante dos tareas de invención de problemas y su comparación con las actuaciones que presentan un grupo estándar de estudiantes de un colegio público ante las mismas tareas. Este estudio se centró en caracterizar e identificar las diferencias entre las producciones de ambos grupos, con base en un esquema de análisis confeccionado en esta investigación.Método. La muestra está conformada por dos grupos de estudiantes. El primero está compuesto por 21 estudiantes identificados con talento matemático y el segundo está formado por 19 estudiantes de segundo curso de Educación Secundaria de un colegio público. Ambos grupos contestaron dos tareas de invención de problemas aritméticos que fueron confeccionadas en este estudio. Los resultados se analizaron con base en tres categorías de análisis y algunas variables que están relacionadas con la estructura sintáctica, semántica y matemática de los mismos.Resultados. Los problemas inventados por el grupo de estudiantes con talento en matemática presentan mayor riqueza que los del grupo del colegio público, ya que están conformados por una mayor cantidad de proposiciones, emplean diferentes tipos de números, requieren más pasos y procesos de cálculo distintos para ser resueltos y presentan una mayor cantidad de relaciones semánticas distintas. Además, los resultados muestran algunos atributos que caracterizan a los estudiantes con talento en matemática cuando resuelven tareas de invención de problemas.Conclusión. El instrumento de invención de problemas y el esquema analítico empleado permitieron describir y explorar la actuación de un grupo de estudiantes considerados con talento matemático. Además, las tres categorías de análisis y la solución de cada problema dan lugar a diez componentes cuyos valores caracterizan la riqueza de los problemas inventados por los sujetos. Por último, el análisis estadístico realizado refuerza las diferencias encontradas entre las producciones de ambos grupos en estudio.
'Different Ways of Looking': A Study of Personal, Professional and Civic Rewards from International Work-Based Learning Experiences for Community Youth Work Students at Ulster University, Northern Ireland
Authors: McArdle Eliz , Henry Pat
Published: February 2018

Northern Ireland is emerging from a 30-year local conflict, with new democratic local structures and a new landscape for civic engagement having been established. Community youth workers are well positioned to nurture these new political and civic structures; however, after decades of insular living and thinking, global skills and attitudes are acutely needed. This study gauges the extent to which the international placement of Ulster University (UU) students can help build a population who is â€œforward- and outward-lookingâ€ and how these studentsâ€™ new perspectives, skills and knowledge can be used for and beyond a â€œnewâ€ Northern Ireland. This mixed-methods study explores the impact of international student placements and their effectiveness in fostering â€œglobal-ready citizensâ€. Findings from this study suggest that the preparation phase must attend equally to both the fear and the opportunities of internationalisation that face the departing student. The study also points to key elements needed in the preparation of students to develop their role as cultural nesters rather than cultural visitors (in their new context). The study illustrates an alignment between the development of intercultural competence and the vocational competence of the community youth work profession. This natural alignment suggests that community youth work students and professionals could further embrace and extend their intercultural skills abroad and their multicultural competence at home for wider and deeper impact.
Delicate Years: Children and Identity in Zimbabwean Literature
Authors: Muganiwa Josephine
Published: February 2018

The paper argues that children face challenges in growing up and fitting into their societies and that these challenges need to be addressed with care. These challenges, which are complicated by the effects of colonialism, war and economic crises in the context of Zimbabwe, are portrayed in the novels Nervous Conditions (Dangarembga 1989), The Book of Not (Dangarembga 2006), The Uncertainty of Hope (Tagwira 2006) and Running with Mother (Mlalazi 2012). In analysing the characters of the children portrayed in these four novels, the vulnerability of children, regardless of their age, is demonstrated. The child characters strive to help their parents and be useful citizens and yet at times this contrasts with their desire to be sheltered and treated as children. This contradiction is best exhibited in teenagers who try to fashion their own identity that is separate from the people around them but who still require guidance to do so.