bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Econometric Analysis of Internal Travel Patterns in Ghana and the Implications for Domestic Tourism
Authors: Boakye Kwaku Adutwum Ayim , Annim Samuel Kobina , Dasmani Isaac
Published: March 2013

This paper examines the general travel patterns of Ghanaians and, based on these, explores the implications for domestic tourism. Employing discrete choice models, data from the Ghana Statistical Service (specifically, the fifth round of the Ghana Living Standard Survey) are used for the analysis. In addition to providing a quantitative analysis of the determinants of travel propensity, which had not previously been examined for Ghana, the authors test two hypotheses. First, they assert a three-way (positive–negative–positive) relationship between age and travel propensity. Second, they argue that the mother's education is more likely to influence the decision to travel than the father's education. The travel patterns of Ghanaians were found to bear the inherent hallmarks of domestic tourism. The authors also observe that, although the degree of travel is low, the frequency of repeat visits is high. Social imperatives dominated the motives for travel, while key socio-demographic variables (especially the respondent's age) were found to influence travel propensities significantly.
Modelling Micro-Level Tourism Expenditure: Recommendations on the Choice of Independent Variables, Functional Form and Estimation Technique
Authors: Thrane Christer
Published: March 2013

Marcussen (2011a) distinguished between the vital and the not-so-vital determinants of micro-level tourism expenditure. Arguably, the lessons learned from Marcussen's study, combined with best practice in recent econometric modelling, have set a new higher standard for future research on this topic. Against this background, this paper gives practical advice on how to improve the modelling of micro-level tourism expenditure in the future. Three issues are discussed: (a) the choice of independent variables; (b) the choice of functional form; and (c) the choice of estimation technique. Empirical illustrations are provided.
Forecasting International Tourism with Due Regard to Asymmetric Income Effects
Authors: Smeral Egon
Published: March 2013

This study looks into ways of estimating tourism demand models while accounting for asymmetric income effects on demand across business cycles and using the estimated equations to forecast until 2015. Expenditure for outbound travel (tourism imports) in five source markets are analysed using econometric models that can capture varying magnitudes of price and income effects depending on the phase of the business cycle. The main reasons why income elasticities may vary across the business cycles are loss aversion, liquidity constraints and precautionary saving, as well as the intensity and time structure of substitution effects between expenditures on tourism imports, domestic tourism and other goods and services. The forecasting results clearly demonstrate that forecasting errors can be reduced by using the suggested approach, which considers possible asymmetric income effects, instead of the mainstream approach applied in most tourism demand studies, which is based on the assumption of constant elasticities across the business cycles.
Non-Stop Flights and Tourist Arrivals
Authors: Tveteras Sigbjorn , Roll Kristin H.
Published: March 2013

Most travellers from key tourist markets find it too expensive and time consuming to visit destinations far from their origin country. However, improved international air connectivity can help to attract more visitors to these exotic tourism destinations. The objective of this study is to quantify the degree to which an increasing number of non-stop flights can promote tourist arrivals at long-haul destinations. The authors estimate a dynamic demand model using panel data of tourist arrivals at Peru and flight connections from 75 origin countries from 2004 to 2009. They find significant positive direct and indirect effects of non-stop flight routes on demand for air travel to Peru.
The End of Art Revisited
Authors: Wertz S.K.
Published: March 2013

A look at Danto’s many discussions of the end of art and its meaning. Also examined is Hegel’s idea of the end of art and his use of the dialectic to explain it. Both philosophers sought the meaning of art in the object or artwork–more so for Danto, because he thinks the object is a material one that would exclude conceptual artists’ thought experiments, which are impossible to represent or materialize. So conceptual art truly signals the end of art in that there are no other boundaries to be scaled or conquered. As Hegel put it: "Thought and reflection have spread their wings above fine art."
The Digital Sublime: Lessons from Kelli Connell’s Double Life
Authors: Huang Yi-Hui
Published: March 2013

The digital sublime refers to digital-composite photography that presents "the existence of something unpresentable" and that renders a matchless look–a sophisticated fabrication, a perfect and clean composition, a maximum color saturation, a multiple-point perspective, and stunning or newfangled content. Abandoning the traditional one-shot mode of production, photographers who create the digital sublime knit pieces of images together to concretize something that cannot be seen with the naked eye. To gain a better understanding of the work of photographers of the digital sublime, this essay cites the photographic project Double Life by contemporary photographer Kelli Connell as an example of how examining an artist’s view of reality helps viewers identify valuable knowledge provided by her work. The essay investigates Connell’s worldview, or what she values as knowledge, by inquiring into her view of reality. It asks, "How does a photographer who produces seamless digital-synthesized photographs depict her view of reality in photographs?" and "What types of knowledge do her photographs communicate to viewers?" This study has implications for how digital sublime photographs can be studied and taught.
The bacteriology of chronic rhinosinusitis and the pre‐eminence of Staphylococcus aureus in revision patients
Authors: Cleland Edward John , Bassiouni Ahmed , Wormald Peter‐John
Published: March 2013

Background

The role of bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains an area of interest. The impact of surgery and factors such as the presence of polyps, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity on the bacterial state are poorly understood. To determine the effect of these factors, this study examines the culture results from a large cohort of CRS patients.

Methods

This retrospective study used the culture results from 513 CRS patients, which were analyzed for species growth and compared to factors such as previous surgery, presence of polyps, aspirin sensitivity, and asthma. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Eighty‐three percent (83%) of patients had a positive culture result. The average number of isolates detected per patient was 0.95. S. aureus was the most frequently cultured organism (35%), followed by P. aeruginosa (9%), Haemophilus spp. (7%), and S. pneumonia (5%). Revision patients were more likely to grow S. aureus (p = 0.001), P. aeruginosa (p = 0.044) and have a positive culture (p = 0.001). Asthma was correlated with a positive culture (p = 0.039). No difference was determined between polyp and nonpolyp patients for any of the bacterial outcomes.

Conclusion

This study highlights important factors in the bacteriology of CRS patients. S. aureus was the most prevalent species identified in our cohort, followed by P. aeruginosa. S. aureus rates of isolation were also significantly higher in patients undergoing revision surgery. No association was found between the presence of nasal polyposis and culture rates.
Carotid plaque hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging strongly predicts recurrent ischemia and stroke
Authors: Hosseini Akram A. , Kandiyil Neghal , MacSweeney Shane T. S. , Altaf Nishath , Auer Dorothee P.
Published: March 2013

Objective

There is a recognized need to improve selection of patients with carotid artery stenosis for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). We assessed the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐defined carotid plaque hemorrhage (MRIPH) to predict recurrent ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events, and stroke in symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Methods

One hundred seventy‐nine symptomatic patients with ≥50% stenosis were prospectively recruited, underwent carotid MRI, and were clinically followed up until CEA, death, or ischemic event. MRIPH was diagnosed if the plaque signal intensity was >150% that of the adjacent muscle. Event‐free survival analysis was done using Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox regression models controlling for known vascular risk factors. We also undertook a meta‐analysis of reported data on MRIPH and recurrent events.

Results

One hundred fourteen patients (63.7%) showed MRIPH, suffering 92% (57 of 62) of all recurrent ipsilateral events and all but 1 (25 of 26) future strokes. Patients without MRIPH had an estimated annual absolute stroke risk of only 0.6%. Cox multivariate regression analysis proved MRIPH as a strong predictor of recurrent ischemic events (hazard ratio [HR] = 12.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.8–30.1, p < 0.001) and stroke alone (HR = 35.0, 95% CI = 4.7–261.6, p = 0.001). Meta‐analysis of published data confirmed this association between MRIPH and recurrent cerebral ischemic events in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (odds ratio = 12.2, 95% CI = 5.5–27.1, p < 0.00001).

Interpretation

MRIPH independently and strongly predicts recurrent ipsilateral ischemic events, and stroke alone, in symptomatic ≥50% carotid artery stenosis. The very low stroke risk in patients without MRIPH puts into question current risk–benefit assessment for CEA in this subgroup. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:774–784
Structural Fluctuation of Disilanyl Double‐Pillared Bisheteroarenes
Authors: Nakanishi Waka , Shimada Yusuke , Isobe Hiroyuki
Published: March 2013

Silacyclophanes possessing two disilanyl pillars were synthesized from tricyclic heteroarenes in one‐pot synthetic procedures. The step‐like anti structures of three congeners bearing two heteroarene units were revealed in single crystals by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Depending on the structures of aromatic units, torsion angles at the disilanyl pillars altered to maintain the overall step‐like molecular structures. The structure, however, fluctuated between anti and syn conformers in a solution phase despite the presence of eight methyl groups on the ring periphery. The analysis of the coalescence temperature with NMR spectroscopy showed the fundamental energetics of the dynamics. The subtle structural differences affected the dynamic behavior of the silacyclophanes.
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of urapidil and aripiprazole in human plasma and its application to human pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy , Nandigam Venugopal , Vemula Madhavi , Kalluru Gangadhara Reddy , Gajulapalle Madhavi
Published: March 2013

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of urapidil and aripiprazole in human plasma. A simple liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate was used for the sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 µm) column with 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) as the mobile phase with flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The quantitation of the target compounds was determined in a positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. Calibration plots were linear over the range of 2.0–2503.95 ng/mL for urapidil and 1.0–500.19 ng/mL for aripiprazole. The lower limit of quantitation for urapidil and aripiprazole was 2.0 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. Mean recovery was in the range of 69.94–75.62% for both analytes and internal standards. Intra‐day and inter‐day precisions of the assay at three concentrations were 2.56–5.89% with accuracy of 92.31–97.83% for urapidil, and 3.14–6.84% with accuracy of 91.38–94.42% for aripiprazole. The method was successfully applied to human pharmacokinetic study of urapidil and aripiprazole in healthy human male volunteers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement Factor for Gas Absorption in a Finite Liquid Layer. Part 4: Influence of Gas‐Phase Mass Transfer during a Second‐Order Reaction in a Liquid in Laminar Flow
Authors: Yue J. , Nijhuis T. A. , Schouten J. C.
Published: March 2013

Numerical analysis is presented for gas absorption accompanied by a second‐order reaction into a liquid layer of finite thickness in laminar flow, with the gas‐phase mass transfer resistance and the axial decrease of the gas‐phase solute concentration due to absorption being taken into account. Both cocurrent and countercurrent flow modes are analyzed, where the presence of significant resistance or axial decrease of the solute concentration in the gas phase can lead to substantially lower rates of gas absorption than those found when the influence of gas‐phase mass transfer is not considered. Approximate expressions describing the exact numerical solution to the enhancement factor in the cocurrent flow mode are developed and can be extrapolated for estimating the enhancement factor in a more general case of a (1, n)‐th‐order reaction in which the influence of gas‐phase mass transfer cannot be neglected.
Biotemplated Hierarchical Porous Material: The Positively Charged Leaf
Authors: Yang Dalong , Fan Tongxiang , Zhang Di , Zhu Jun , Wang Yun , Du Bin , Yan Yaxian
Published: March 2013

Addressing the problem of pathogenic bacteria in human health remains a great challenge. We have prepared MgO, replicated from the leaf template, for efficient bacterial removal. The synthesis method perfectly inherits the advantage of the hierarchical three‐level micro‐meso‐macroporous structure from the leaf template. The final product has the integrated advantages of a positively charged property, hierarchical three‐level micro‐meso‐macroporous microstructure and sterilization property so that it could be named “the positively charged leaf”. The positively charged leaf with the microstructure, which is bestowed by Nature, could be utilized in water purification for dye removal and could be extended to pollutant removal, especially of harmful bacteria. The positively charged leaf, as the leaf shield, could be useful in protecting human health. The concept of this work could be applied to the synthesis of different functional metal oxides with hierarchical porous structures, and the products could be utilized in efficient bacterial removal.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Syntheses of Lanthanide Polysulfides and Polyselenides LnX1.9 (Ln: Gd—Tm, X: S, Se).
Authors: Mueller Carola J. , Schwarz Ulrich , Doert Thomas
Published: March 2013

The title compounds are prepared from Ln2X3 (Ln: Gd—Tm, X: S, Se) and sulfur or selenium (3 GPa, 1193—1973 K, 360—2600 min) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical Properties of the Ternary Borides Ni21Zn2B20 and Ni3ZnB2.
Authors: Malik Z. , Grytsiv A. , Michor H. , Rogl G. , Puchegger S. , Mueller H. , Kriegisch M. , Bauer E. , Eisenmenger‐Sittner C. , Rogl P.
Published: March 2013

Mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties of the title compounds are determined by XRD, resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy, Vickers hardness, specific heat, electrical resistivity, specific heat, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Luminescent Properties of a New Red Phosphor (Sr4Al14O25:Mn4+) for White LEDs.
Authors: Xu Y. D. , Wang D. , Wang L. , Ding N. , Shi M. , Zhong J. G. , Qi S.
Published: March 2013

The new title phosphor is prepared by reaction of SrCO3 and Al2O3 using H3BO3 as a flux (1300 °C, 3—7 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Cobalt‐Free Perovskite‐Type La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.9Cr0.1 O3‐α Cathode for Proton‐Conducting Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.
Authors: Ding Zuolong , Yang Zhijie , Zhao Dongmei , Deng Xuli , Ma Guilin
Published: March 2013

The title material is synthesized by a citric acid—nitrate gel combustion process starting with a mixture of La(NO3)3, Sr(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, Cr(NO3)3, and citric acid dissolved in water (800 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of the Rubidium Uranium Selenophosphate Rb4U2P5Se17.
Authors: Bellott Brian J. , Ibers James A.
Published: March 2013

Black crystals of the new title compound are prepared by solid state reaction of U, P2Se5, and Rb2Se3 (sealed carbon‐coated silica tube, 1023 K, 100 h; 10 wt.% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Properties of the Alkali Oxonickelates(I) A3NiO2 (A: K, Rb, Cs).
Authors: Duris Katarina , Magdysyuk Oxana V. , Jansen Martin
Published: March 2013

Rb3NiO2 and Cs3NiO2 are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of MNO3 (A: Rb, Cs), MN3, and NiO (Ag crucible, Ar flow, 723 K, 30—50 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Dual‐Catalysis Approach to the Kinetic Resolution of 1,2‐Diaryl‐1,2‐diaminoethanes.
Authors: Min Chang , Mittal Nisha , De Chandra Kanta , Seidel Daniel
Published: March 2013

A combination of achiral N,N‐dipropylaminopyridine with a chiral 1,2‐cyclohexanediamine derivative is tested as a catalytic system for the kinetic resolution of diamines (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Study on Comparison of Reducing Ability of Three Organic Hydride Compounds.
Authors: Feng Yi‐Si , Yang Chun‐Yan , Huang Qiang , Xu Hua‐Jian
Published: March 2013

The three organic hydride compounds PBI, DMBI, and 2‐phenylbenzothiazoline are screened for their reducing ability in the presented reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Switchable Iron‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Castro Luis C. Misal , Li Haoquan , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Darcel Christophe
Published: March 2013

Optimal reaction conditions are found for the selective reduction of carboxylic acids (I) to corresponding alcohols (II) or aldehydes (III) using an appropriate silane reductive agent and an iron catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones by Ceria‐Supported Ni Catalysts.
Authors: Shimura Katsuya , Shimizu Ken‐ichi
Published: March 2013

A reusable Ni‐loaded ceria catalyst is prepared and successfully used in the transfer hydrogenation of a variety of ketones with iPrOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Lewis Acid Phosphorylation with Pyrophosphates.
Authors: Fenton Owen S. , Allen Emily E. , Pedretty Kyle P. , Till Sean D. , Todaro Joseph E. , Sculimbrene Bianca R.
Published: March 2013

This is a useful method for phosphorylation of primary and secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Selective Benzoylation of Alcohols with Trichloromethyl Phenyl Ketone: Inverse Selectivity in Benzoylation of Alcohols Containing Phenol or Aromatic Amine Functionality.
Authors: Ram Ram N. , Soni Vineet Kumar , Gupta Dharmendra Kumar
Published: March 2013

The reaction selectively benzoylates benzyl alcohols and other alcohols in the presence of phenols or anilines.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Conjugated Trienols from Allylic Alcohols and 1‐Iodo‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Brandt Damien , Bellosta Veronique , Cossy Janine
Published: March 2013

(E,E,E)‐ and (E,Z,E)‐Trienols can be prepared with high stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent, Unified Approach to Functionalized Fluoro‐ and Trifluoromethyl Alkenes.
Authors: Debien Laurent , Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Zard Samir S.
Published: March 2013

A wide range of biologically important title compounds is available under these conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Asymmetric Biomimetic Transamination of α‐Keto Esters to Chiral α‐Amino Esters.
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Liu Mao , Rong Chao , Xue Fazhen , Li Songlei , Xie Ying , Shi Yian
Published: March 2013

It is found that the chiral bases (QUI) and (ALK) efficiently promote the asymmetric transamination of α‐keto esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Coupling of N‐(tert‐Butyl)sulfinyl Imines and Dimethyl Malonate. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched β‐Amino Esters and β‐Lactams.
Authors: Dema Haythem K. , Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel
Published: March 2013

Higher yields of the target compounds (III) are obtained in the presence of NaI compared to NaHCO3.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Formation of Primary and Tertiary Amides from Non‐Activated Carboxylic Acids, Employing Carbamates as Amine Source.
Authors: Tinnis Fredrik , Lundberg Helena , Adolfsson Hans
Published: March 2013

The reaction is effectively catalyzed by TiCl4 or ZrCl4 and using carbamates as a nitrogen source.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Ag(I)‐Catalyzed Carboxylative Coupling of Terminal Alkynes, Chloride Compounds, and CO2.
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Shi Ling‐Long , Zhu Chuang , Jiang Jiao‐Lai , Lu Xiao‐Bing
Published: March 2013

This method gives functionalized 2‐alkynoates in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Route to Ketones and Lactones from Exocyclic Allylic Alcohols via Metal and Enzyme Catalysis.
Authors: Warner Madeleine C. , Nagendiran Anuja , Bogar Krisztian , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: March 2013

The key steps of the procedure are dynamic kinetic resolution of alcohols (I) and regio‐ and stereoselective substitution of the acetates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral NHC Ligands for the Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Germain Nicolas , Magrez Magaly , Kehrli Stefan , Mauduit Marc , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: March 2013

Out of 19 ligands a mesityl‐substituted imidazolium salt shows the most promising results, including satisfactory enantiodiscrimination and 1,4‐regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylzinc Reagents to Alkynes to Form ortho‐Alkenylarylzinc Species Through 1,4‐Cobalt Migration.
Authors: Tan Boon‐Hong , Dong Jinghua , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: March 2013

For the first time 1,4 Co‐migration in C—C bond formation reactions and C—H bond functionalization using a Co‐catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Matsuda—Heck Reaction in Water.
Authors: Gaikwad Dipak S. , Pore Dattaprasad M.
Published: March 2013

The coupling of arenediazonium salts (I) with olefins (II) occurs under aerobic and ligand‐free conditions to provide the products (III) in high yields and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Olefination of Terminal Arylalkynes with Allylic Ethers: General and Selective Access to Linear (Z)‐1,3‐Enynes.
Authors: Shao Yin‐Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Han Jiang‐Sheng , Zhong Ping
Published: March 2013

Allyl phenyl ethers give better yields than allyl methyl ethers and allyl methyl thioethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocene‐Tagged Functional Polymer: A Robust Solid‐Phase Reagent for O‐Demethylation.
Authors: Kurane Rajanikant , Gaikwad Vipul , Jadhav Jagannath , Salunkhe Rajashri , Rashinkar Gajanan
Published: March 2013

The polymer PSIF is used as reusable catalyst for O‐demethylation of various aryl methyl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel (R)‐(+)‐Limonene‐Derived Ligands: Synthesis and Application in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenations.
Authors: Roszkowski Piotr , Maurin Jan K. , Czarnocki Zbigniew
Published: March 2013

Limonene‐derived monotosylated diamines prove to be effective ligands in Ru‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation reactions of acetophenones (I).
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐Di‐ and N,N,C‐Trialkylation of α‐Sulfoximino Esters.
Authors: Hata Shingo , Maeda Tatsuya , Shimizu Makoto
Published: March 2013

The reaction of (Z)‐α‐sulfoximino ester (I) with Grignard reagent (II) gives rise to α‐N,N‐dialkylamino esters (III) comprising same alkyl groups, whilst the use of (E)‐sulfoximino ester (V) as a starting material allows to prepare N,N‐dialkylamino esters (VI) bearing two different alkyl substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Activated Phenols and 4‐Oxo‐4‐arylbutenoates.
Authors: Bai Sha , Liu Xiaohua , Wang Zhen , Cao Weidi , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: March 2013

Investigation of the ligand structures reveals that the presence of sterically demanding substituents such as adamantyl groups is crucial [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: The Halonium Ion Mediated C—C Bond Cleavage of Cyclohexene‐Fused Isoxazoline N‐Oxides.
Authors: Raihan Mustafa J. , Kavala Veerababurao , Guan Qiao‐Zhi , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Kataria Sunil , Shishodia Shifali , Janreddy Donala , Habib Pateliya Mujjamil , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: March 2013

NBS [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Aryl‐β‐isocyano Esters.
Authors: Morana Fabio , Basso Andrea , Bella Marco , Riva Renata , Banfi Luca
Published: March 2013

The method is based on an organocatalytic phase‐transfer Mannich‐type reaction in the presence of CBC.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Acyl Chlorides with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Chen Jiuxi , Peng Yong , Liu Miaochang , Ding Jinchang , Su Weike , Wu Huayue
Published: March 2013

A wide range of aryl benzoates is prepared in moderate to good yield where many electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Hydrogen Chloride‐Free Pinner Reaction Promoted by Lewis Acids.
Authors: Pfaff Dominik , Nemecek Gregor , Podlech Joachim
Published: March 2013

A hydrogen‐free variation of the Pinner reaction is presented, in which alcohols react with carbonitriles to furnish the corresponding carboxylates under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: First Metal‐ and Base‐Free Selective Oxidative Coupling of Thiols in Neat Ionic Liquids: NMR Probed “Ambiphilic” Character of Neutral [hmim]Br Towards Atom‐Efficient Synthesis of Disulfides.
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Nandini , Sharma Upendra K. , Shard Amit , Sinha Arun K.
Published: March 2013

The reaction can be applied to aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic mercaptans.
ChemInform Abstract: The Gomberg—Bachmann Reaction for the Arylation of Anilines with Aryl Diazotates.
Authors: Pratsch Gerald , Wallaschkowski Tina , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: March 2013

The title reaction provides a new, convenient, and regioselective method to prepare 2‐aminobiphenyls.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of 1‐Halo‐1,3‐butadienes via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrohalogenative Dimerization of Alkynes.
Authors: Klein Hubert , Roisnel Thierry , Bruneau Christian , Derien Sylvie
Published: March 2013

A bromine can be incorporated instead of chlorine if Bn‐NEt3+Br‐ is used in the CSA reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromine‐Mediated Cyclization of 1,4‐Diaryl Buta‐1,3‐diyne to 1,2,3‐Tribromo‐4‐aryl Naphthalene.
Authors: Singha Raju , Nandi Sukla , Ray Jayanta K.
Published: March 2013

The intramolecular and regioselective cyclization of diynes (IIa)‐(IIe) into naphthalene motifs (III) proceeds under mild conditions by 6‐endo‐dig electrophilic cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Buckminsterfullerene Derivatives Bearing a Fluoroalkyl Group for Use in Organic Photovoltaic Cells.
Authors: Karakawa Makoto , Nagai Takabumi , Irita Tomomi , Adachi Kenji , Ie Yutaka , Aso Yoshio
Published: March 2013

[synthesis of six fluoroalkylpyrrolidine‐substituted [60]fullerene derivatives and evaluation of their ability to perform as new n‐type organic photovoltaic materials].
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Fluoropyrrolidines and 4‐Fluoropyrrolidin‐2‐ones from Allylic Fluorides.
Authors: Combettes Lorraine E. , Schuler Marie , Patel Rakesh , Bonillo Baltasar , Odell Barbara , Thompson Amber L. , Claridge Tim D. W. , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: March 2013

The title compounds are prepared by iodocyclization reactions from allylic fluorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic One‐Pot Amination/Aza‐Michael/Aldol Condensation Reaction Sequence: Synthesis of 3‐Pyrrolines with a Quaternary Stereocenter.
Authors: Desmarchelier Alaric , Coeffard Vincent , Moreau Xavier , Greck Christine
Published: March 2013

The described reaction sequence is an efficient and highly enantioselective synthesis of the title compounds (IV), which can be used for further transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective N‐Alkylation of 2‐Aminoimidazoles with Alcohols to 2‐(N‐Alkylamino)imidazoles Catalyzed by the [Cp*IrCl2I2]/K2CO3 System.
Authors: Li Feng , Kang Qikai , Shan Haixia , Chen Lin , Xie Jianjiang
Published: March 2013

Direct alkylation of aminoimidazoles with primary and secondary alcohols results in the formation of the corresponding (N‐alkylamino)imidazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 2‐Iodoanilines with Isothiocyanates in Water.
Authors: Zhang Wu , Yue Yun , Yu Dan , Song Lei , Xu Yang‐Yang , Tian Yu‐Jie , Guo Yu‐Jun
Published: March 2013

The reaction can be carried out in the absence of transition metals and phase‐transfer catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Fluorination/Semipinacol Rearrangement: An Efficient Approach to Chiral β‐Fluoroketones.
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Min , Yang Bin‐Miao , Chen Zhi‐Hua , Zhang Qing‐Wei , Wang Min , Tu Yong‐Qiang
Published: March 2013

Organocatalysts with dihydroquinidine and dihydroquinine moieties provide access to both enantiomers of asymmetrically substituted tetrahydropyrans (II) and tetrahydrofurans (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Efficient One‐Pot Four‐Component Tandem Approach for the Synthesis of Pyran Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Zhanyi , Xu Yijing , Zheng Jia , Li Bin , Li Yiqun
Published: March 2013

A series of new pyran derivatives is efficiently synthesized in a one‐pot four‐component tandem reaction via Suzuki coupling followed by a three‐component reaction of bromobenzaldehyde, activated methylene compounds, and carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 2‐Bromobenzyl Bromides with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Leading to 4H‐Chromenes.
Authors: Zhang Xin Ying , Fang Liang Liang , Liu Nan , Wu Hua Yue , Fan Xue Sen
Published: March 2013

Advantages of the title approach to 4H‐chromenes include readily available starting materials, simple operational procedures, and no need for any catalytic ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C‐2 Selective C—H Olefination of Pyridines.
Authors: Wen Ping , Li Yanmei , Zhou Kang , Ma Chao , Lan Xiaobo , Ma Chaowei , Huang Guosheng
Published: March 2013

A wide range of pyridine substrates can be used and a halogen at C‐2 is not required.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridines via a Nitro‐Mannich/Hydroamination Cascade.
Authors: Barber David M. , Sanganee Hitesh J. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: March 2013

The procedure allows a new approach to optically active tetrahydropyridines which can be converted into several derivatives such as the piperidine (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bi‐ and Tricyclic 1,2‐Dihydroquinoline Derivatives from Arylamines and Alkynes by a Consecutive Zinc‐Ammonium Salt Catalysis.
Authors: Purkait Nibadita , Blechert Siegfried
Published: March 2013

Linear and cyclic secondary amines are treated with terminal aliphatic and aromatic alkynes in the presence of a two‐catalyst system to afford the desired bi‐ and tricyclic quinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Acridines, Quinolines, and Naphthalenes from 3‐(2‐Alkynyl)aryl‐β‐ketoesters.
Authors: Shukla Satya Prakash , Tiwari Rakesh , Verma Akhilesh Kumar
Published: March 2013

This is a mild and efficient method for the synthesis of a variety of fused aromatic ring systems.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Three‐ and Four‐Component Procedure Toward the Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrano‐ and Benzo[f]quinoxaline Derivatives.
Authors: Ghadari Rahim , Hajishaabanha Fatemeh , Aghaei Morteza , Shaabani Ahmad , Ng Seik Weng
Published: March 2013

This new two‐step procedure is used to synthesize a series of different quinoxaline derivatives in the presence of triethylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Additive Effects of Amines on Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Quinoxalines Catalyzed by Chiral Iridium Complexes.
Authors: Nagano Takuto , Iimuro Atsuhiro , Schwenk Rino , Ohshima Takashi , Kita Yusuke , Togni Antonio , Mashima Kazushi
Published: March 2013

In the presence of chiral Ir complexes and N‐methyl‐p‐anisidine, 2‐substituted quinoxalines undergo highly enantioselective hydrogenation to produce amines of type (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Approach in the Synthesis of 2,2,6‐Trisubstituted Morpholine Derivatives.
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zhou Ling , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: March 2013

An efficient method to prepare biologically important title compounds is based on regioselective coupling of epichlorohydrin with olefins, nosyl amide, and NBS.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxo Heterocycles. Part 88. Reaction of 3‐Aroylpyrrolo[1,2‐d][1,4]benzoxazine‐1,2,4(4H)‐triones with N,N′‐Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide under Thermolysis Conditions.
Authors: Maslivets V. A. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: March 2013

On heating, title compounds (I) undergo intermediate generation of ketenes (II) which react as dienes in [4+2] cycloaddition to the C=N bond of (III) with formation of benzoxazinones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Radical Amination of Electron‐Deficient C(sp3)—H Bonds by Co(II)‐Based Metalloradical Catalysis: Direct Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives via α‐C—H Amination.
Authors: Lu Hongjian , Hu Yang , Jiang Huiling , Wojtas Lukasz , Zhang X. Peter
Published: March 2013

Treatment of sulfamoyl azides with the Co complex COP allows an efficient, regio‐ and stereoselective access to cyclic sulfamides.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Yield Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of ZnFe2O4 Single Crystal Nanocubes in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Chen Zu Peng , Fang Wen Qi , Zhang Bo , Yang Hua Gui
Published: March 2013

Single crystal ZnFe2O4 nanocubes are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of Zn(OAc)2, FeCl2, and en (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h; 85% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effects in NaZn13‐Type La(Fe,Al)13‐Based Compounds
Authors: Shen Bao‐Gen , Hu Feng‐Xia , Dong Qiao‐Yan , Sun Ji‐Rong
Published: March 2013

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Corrole Coordination Chemistry: Electronic Structural Studies
Authors: Palmer Joshua H.
Published: March 2013

Review: 204 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold—Alkyne Complexes
Authors: Cinellu Maria Agostina
Published: March 2013

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iminium Ions as Dienophiles in Aza‐Diels—Alder Reactions: A Closer Look
Authors: Memeo Misal Giuseppe , Quadrelli Paolo
Published: March 2013

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Asymmetric Halofunctionalization of Alkenes — A Critical Perspective
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Kuester William E. , Burk Matthew T.
Published: March 2013

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Growing Impact of Niobium in Organic Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Lacerda Valdemar Jr. , Araujo dos Santos Deborah , da Silva‐Filho Luiz Carlos , Greco Sandro Jose , Bezerra dos Santos Reginaldo
Published: March 2013

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DBU‐Derived Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Organic Synthetic Reactions
Authors: Chen Xinzhi , Ying Anguo
Published: March 2013

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Assemblies of Porphyrins and Macrocyclic Receptors: Recent Developments in Their Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Vinodh Mickey , Alipour Fatemeh H. , Mohamod Abdirahman A. , Al‐Azemi Talal F.
Published: March 2013

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rotaxanes and Pseudorotaxanes with Threads Containing Viologen Units
Authors: Deska Malgorzata , Kozlowska Jolanta , Sliwa Wanda
Published: March 2013

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Difluoromethylene Group (CF2) on the Conformation and Properties of Selected Organic Compounds
Authors: O'Hagan David , Wang Yi , Skibinski Maciej , Slawin Alexandra M. Z.
Published: March 2013

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Umpolung Reactions at the α‐Carbon Position of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Miyata Okiko , Miyoshi Tetsuya , Ueda Masafumi
Published: March 2013

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Yoctoliter‐Sized Vessels as Potential Biological Models
Authors: Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Wilman Bradley E. , Langford Steven J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Assembling Systems Formed by Heme—Heme Pocket Interactions in Hemoproteins
Authors: Oohora Koji , Onoda Akira , Hayashi Takashi
Published: March 2013

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Physiological Importance of Poly‐(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrates
Authors: Reusch Rosetta N.
Published: March 2013

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Smart Polymer Brushes and Their Emerging Applications
Authors: Peng Shunjin , Bhushan Bharat
Published: March 2013

Review: 300 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Electrochemical Nanowire Assembly: Precise Nanostructure Assembly via Dendritic Solidification
Authors: Flanders Bret N.
Published: March 2013

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Force Fields
Authors: Foley B. Lachele , Tessier Matthew B. , Woods Robert J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 272 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods for Identifying and Characterizing Interactions Involving RNA
Authors: Blakeley Brett D. , DePorter Sandra M. , Mohan Utpal , Burai Ritwik , Tolbert Blanton S. , McNaughton Brian R.
Published: March 2013

Review: 155 refs.
Liquid Phase Oxidation and the Use of Heterogeneous Catalysts – A Critical Overview
Authors: Futter Cornelia , Prasetyo Eko , Schunk Stephan Andreas
Published: March 2013

Numerous homogeneous catalyst‐initiator systems are known and utilized in industrial scale to conduct various autoxidation processes. The reaction mechanism and kinetic details of homogeneous liquid phase autoxidation have been extensively investigated. This article presents an overview on the state of the art of heterogeneous catalyst‐initiator systems in the liquid phase oxidation of hydrocarbons. Mechanistic insights and limitations of the heterogeneous catalyst‐initiator systems are discussed. The potentials and challenges towards an industrial application are evaluated.
Influence of CYP3A5 6986A > G and ABCB1 3435C > T Polymorphisms on Adverse Events Associated With Tacrolimus in Jordanian Pediatric Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Sy Sherwin K.B. , Singh Rajendra P. , Shilbayeh Sireen , Zmeili Rawan , Conrado Daniela , Derendorf Hartmut
Published: March 2013

The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of ABCB1(3435) and CYP3A5(6986) polymorphisms, tacrolimus troughs and clinical factors on the time of adverse events associated with tacrolimus in pediatric kidney transplant patients. Clinical data, adverse events, tacrolimus troughs, corresponding doses, ABCB1 3435C > T and CYP3A5 6986A > G genotypes were collected from 38 pediatric kidney transplant patients in a retrospective study for over 2 years post‐transplant. We used a marginal Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the influence of clinical factors and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on tacrolimus‐associated adverse events. CYP3A5 genotype, the Bayesian predicted tacrolimus concentrations, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume are significant risk factors of adverse events over a 2‐year‐period. CYP3A5*1 genotype was associated with 36% relative risk of CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype. In the 9‐month period, the additional factor, ABCB1 3435TT genotype, was shown to be associated with 38% relative risk of the CC and CT genotypes. For graft loss, acute and chronic rejection, only tacrolimus concentration and hematocrit, but not CYP3A5 or ABCB1 polymorphisms, are important factors influencing their occurrences.
Curcumin Regulates VSMC Phenotype Transition via Modulation of Notch and Wnt Signaling Pathways
Authors: Chen Jing , Xu Lin , Hu Xiaorong , Zhang Jing , Xu Changwu , Li Guoqing , Jiang Hong
Published: March 2013

Preclinical Research

In the development of cardiovascular diseases, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo transition from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. Notch‐ and Wnt‐dependent signaling pathways play a critical role during this process. Curcumin has potential for clinical use including anti‐inflammatory and antitumor actions. However, the effect of curcumin on VSMC phenotype transition remains unclear. In VSMCs isolated from the thoracic aorta of Sprague Dawley rats, curcumin (5–20 μM) produced a concentration‐dependent inhibition of serum‐elicited VSMC migration. Furthermore, curcumin, at the dose of 20 μM, partially reversed the repression of VSMC markers induced by serum stimulation, an effect associated with attenuation of Jagged‐1 and Notch‐1 levels and downregulation of the downstream gene Hey‐1. Downregulation of Wnt‐4 was also observed after curcumin treatment in the presence of serum, which was followed by inhibition of nuclear β‐catenin translocation and cyclin D1 expression. These data suggest that curcumin is a potent regulator of VSMCs phenotype transition and may play a critical role in regulating these events after vascular injury.
Antihistamines or decongestants for otitis media with effusion—do they work?
Authors: Cohen Eyal
Published: March 2013

Eco‐paediatrics is an occasional feature in Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. Our goal is to contribute to the worldwide discussion on reducing waste in health care. In each instalment, we will select a recent Cochrane review highlighting a practice, still in use, which the available evidence tells us should be discontinued.
Australasian sky islands act as a diversity pump facilitating peripheral speciation and complex reversal from narrow endemic to widespread ecological supertramp
Authors: Toussaint Emmanuel F. A. , Sagata Katayo , Surbakti Suriani , Hendrich Lars , Balke Michael
Published: March 2013

The Australasian archipelago is biologically extremely diverse as a result of a highly puzzling geological and biological evolution. Unveiling the underlying mechanisms has never been more attainable as molecular phylogenetic and geological methods improve, and has become a research priority considering increasing human‐mediated loss of biodiversity. However, studies of finer scaled evolutionary patterns remain rare particularly for megadiverse Melanesian biota. While oceanic islands have received some attention in the region, likewise insular mountain blocks that serve as species pumps remain understudied, even though Australasia, for example, features some of the most spectacular tropical alpine habitats in the World. Here, we sequenced almost 2 kb of mitochondrialDNAfrom the widespread diving beetleRhantus suturalisfrom across Australasia and the Indomalayan Archipelago, including remote New Guinean highlands. Based on expert taxonomy with a multigene phylogenetic backbone study, and combining molecular phylogenetics, phylogeography, divergence time estimation, and historical demography, we recover comparably low geographic signal, but complex phylogenetic relationships and population structure withinR. suturalis. Four narrowly endemic New Guinea highland species are subordinated and two populations (New Guinea, New Zealand) seem to constitute cases of ongoing speciation. We reveal repeated colonization of remote mountain chains where haplotypes out of a core clade of very widespread haplotypes syntopically might occur with well‐isolated ones. These results are corroborated by a Pleistocene origin approximately 2.4 Ma ago, followed by a sudden demographic expansion 600,000 years ago that may have been initiated through climatic adaptations. This study is a snapshot of the early stages of lineage diversification by peripatric speciation in Australasia, and supports New Guinea sky islands as cradles of evolution, in line with geological evidence suggesting very recent origin of high altitudes in the region.
Facile preparation of polysaccharide‐coated capillaries using a room temperature ionic liquid for chiral separations
Authors: Stavrou Ioannis J. , Moore Leonard , Fernand Vivian E. , Kapnissi‐Christodoulou Constantina P. , Warner Isiah M.
Published: March 2013

In this study, the dissolution of polysaccharides into an ionic liquid was investigated and applied as a coating onto the capillary walls of a fused‐silica capillary in open‐tubular CEC. The coating was evaluated by examining the chiral separation of two analytes (thiopental, sotalol) with three cellulose derivatives (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, and cellulose acetate butyrate). Baseline separation of thiopental enantiomers was achieved by use of each polysaccharide coating (Rs: 7.0, 8.1, 7.1), while sotalol provided partial resolution (Rs: 0.7, 1.0, 0.9). In addition, reproducibility of the cellulose‐coated capillaries was evaluated by estimating the run‐to‐run and capillary‐to‐capillary RSD values of the EOF. Both stability and reproducibility were very good with RSD values of less than 7%.
Direct determination of pregabalin in human urine by nonaqueous CE‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Rodríguez Juana , Castañeda Gregorio , Muñoz Lorena
Published: March 2013

Determination of pregabalin in urine samples was carried out by nonaqueous CE with TOF‐MS via ESI, with a mixture of 10 mM ammonium formate and 0.05% acetic acid in methanol. By using TOF‐MS, accurate mass information was obtained, thus causing a great improvement in qualitative ability. In order to avoid ionic suppression, urine samples dilution 1:10 was used. This was the only treatment to urine samples before the injection. Despite this dilution, the detection limit was as low as 0.03 μg/mL for pregabalin. The method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, and linearity, LOD, and LOQ. This method was applied to the analysis of urine samples from seven different cancer patients undergoing treatment with pregabalin. The developed method may find wide application for the routine determination of pregabalin in biological samples in order to establish a more efficient and safe dosage.