bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
État de l’éducation, de la recherche et des pratiques professionnelles reliées à la veille au Canada et aux États-Unis
Authors: Bouthillier France
Published: June 2023

L’article offre une revue narrative de la littérature sur la veille concurrentielle et stratégique principalement et, dans une moindre mesure, sur l’intelligence économique et la veille informationnelle, pour explorer l’état de la formation académique, de la recherche académique et des pratiques professionnelles au Canada et aux États-Unis. Les écrits sélectionnés et publiés entre 2000 et 2021 retracent les principaux éléments marquant l’évolution des programmes d’études, des sujets de recherche et des intérêts professionnels reliés à la veille.
L’actualisation des connaissances médicales en ophtalmologie. L’exemple d’une pratique de veille dans un contexte de tension
Authors: Clavier Viviane
Published: June 2023

Cet article évoque les pratiques de veille d’un médecin spécialiste destinées à actualiser ses connaissances. Il s’appuie sur le témoignage d’un ophtalmologiste exerçant en libéral qui rapporte 24 années d’une expérience de veille soutenue dans des revues scientifiques et professionnelles. S’inscrivant dans la continuité des études sur les pratiques informationnelles réalisées en sciences de l’information et de la communication, l’étude montre les spécificités de cette pratique qui accorde plus d’importance à la production de documents secondaires, des résumés synthétiques et codifiés destinés à accompagner au plus près la pratique médicale, tout en tenant compte de l’évolution des connaissances en ophtalmologie.
Un climat de compétition : le changement climatique comme économie politique dans la fiction spéculative, 1889-1915
Authors: Asselin Steve
Published: June 2023

Cet article démontre de quelle manière le premier foyer d’importance de la fiction sur le changement climatique à la fin du xixe et au début du xxe siècles intègre déjà le climat dans une rhétorique économique qui considère la politique climatique comme une compétition à somme nulle entre des nations rivales. Dans la fiction spéculative de cette période, le changement climatique est principalement la conséquence de projets de géo-ingénierie humaine à grande échelle visant à transformer le monde. Des exemples de ce changement climatique anthropique délibéré se trouvent dans des textes de Jules Verne, Mark Twain et George Griffith. Les écrivains de science-fiction ont trouvé plusieurs manières de monétiser des aspects de la nature qui ne l’avaient pas encore été, comme le climat, en tant que ressources pour l’économie de marché ; l’accès aux ressources, par la suite, est devenu une part de l’équilibre économique et politique du pouvoir entre les entités étatiques. Des intrigues visant à perturber, contrôler, et monopoliser le climat ont été conceptualisées comme des plans capitalistes grandioses capables de provoquer des dégâts collatéraux considérables ; pourtant beaucoup de ces romans présentent la géo-ingénierie comme une entreprise louable opérant dans le cadre d’un intérêt économique légitime. Par ailleurs, plusieurs récits transforment carrément le temps météorologique en arme et convertissent le changement climatique en une puissance militaire, présentant le même genre de stratégie de fuite technologique qui définit une course à l’armement. L’économie des premières fictions du changement climatique présage, et nous conditionne potentiellement, à voir le climat comme une ressource pour laquelle il faut se battre.
De l’imaginaire des retombées au Bunker Bildungsroman : l’imaginaire nucléaire après l’utopie
Authors: Banerjee Anindita
Published: June 2023

En utilisant deux concepts issus des œuvres de Tarkovskij et d’Aleksievič (Stalker et La Supplication. Tchernobyl, chronique du monde après l’apocalypse), celui de réduction d’échelle du nucléaire en termes à la fois spatiaux et temporels, et celui de fiction contaminée, cet article étudie le phénomène Métro 2033. À travers les structures et les capacités des narrations transmédiatiques, Métro 2033 transforme l’imaginaire des retombées en un récit nouveau, produit et réalisé de manière collective, qui sera ici nommé « Bunker Bildungsroman », favorisant l’hyperlecture et les récits émergents des participants eux-mêmes. Cette interprétation multidirectionnelle et dialogique à la croisée des mondes nucléaires possibles issus du réel, de l’imaginaire, du vécu ou d’extrapolations fait du Bunker Bildungsroman un puissant manuel d’exploration.
Désenchanter l’habitat spatial : environnements artificiels et mondes sans nature dans Aurora (K. S. Robinson), Shangri-La (M. Bablet) et Nos Temps contraires (G. Toriko)
Authors: Gambin Gatien
Published: June 2023

Le roman Aurora (Kim Stanley Robinson, 2019 [2015 aux États-Unis]), la bande dessinée Shangri-La (Mathieu Bablet, 2016) et le manga Nos temps contraires (Kimi o Shinasenai tame no Monogatari, Gin Toriko, 2020-2022 [2017-2021 au Japon]) constituent un corpus qui utilise l’habitat spatial comme décor. Ces fictions s’inscrivent dans un imaginaire et une iconographie des habitats spatiaux alimentés notamment par l’ouvrage The High Frontier de Gerard K. O’Neill (1977) illustré par Donald E. Davis qui présentèrent l’habitat spatial comme un lieu utopique. À travers une analyse comparée des trois œuvres, nous montrerons qu’elles renversent cet imaginaire. Toutes les trois présentent les habitats spatiaux non plus comme des lieux utopiques ou comme des plans B pour la survie de l’humanité, mais comme des environnements limités dont on souhaite s’échapper. Aurora postule un environnement « astropastoral » (Brad Tabas, 2021) pour questionner la relation de l’humain à son habitat, naturel et artificiel. Shangri-La et Nos temps contraires postulent des mondes sans nature pour accentuer le caractère dystopique de leurs récits. Les trois œuvres participent aussi de l’« esthétique des limites » propre à l’Anthropocène théorisée par Tommasio Guariento. Elle se manifeste en particulier dans le corpus à travers deux motifs : la contemplation de la Terre et le retour sur Terre. Ainsi, à travers le décor de l’habitat spatial, ce corpus questionne avant tout la condition terrestre de l’humanité à l’ère des angoisses écologiques.
Penser le Cthulhucène et son géotraumatisme : le cas Cyclonopedia de Reza Negarestani
Authors: Richert Fabien
Published: June 2023

Dans Cyclonopedia : Complicity with Anonymous Materials (2008) du philosophe iranien Reza Negarestani, des concepts de Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari croisent les divinités cosmiques imaginées par H. P. Lovecraft, d’occultes reliques zoroastriennes expliquent l’imaginaire de science-fiction horrifique de John Carpenter, et ce, pour y développer une hypothèse des plus extravagantes : le pétrole, « entité tellurique » emprisonnée dans les profondes couches et formations géologiques, a longuement attendu pour se libérer des profondeurs de la terre et se répandre dans l’atmosphère. L’œuvre de Negarestani présente le pétrole comme le réel sujet de l’histoire, l’humanité y figurant donc comme son hôte, la révolution industrielle comme son point de non-retour. L’allure ésotérique et la sophistication de l’argumentaire, sur fond de théories du complot, entraînent le lecteur dans un délire paranoïaque marqué par une conspiration fomentée à une échelle quasi-cosmique : la combustion du pétrole, considérée comme une étape fondamentale de son propre « agenda satanique », constitue le moment-clef à partir duquel il pourra se répandre dans l’atmosphère. Le capitalisme étendu à une échelle mondiale figure alors comme la solution la plus adéquate à une combustion ininterrompue des énergies fossiles. Dans cet article, nous aimerions réfléchir aux apports de l’œuvre de Negarestani dans le domaine des fictions climatiques. Nous commencerons par présenter sa dimension géophilosophique avant de revenir plus en détail sur son imaginaire qui délire un monde sous l’emprise d’une entité maléfique. Nous montrerons par la suite en quoi Cyclonopedia se présente comme fiction climatique spéculative qui adopte une perspective néomatérialiste inspirée de la démarche du réalisme spéculatif.
Fictions climatiques. Introduction
Authors: Langlet Irène , Huz Aurélie
Published: June 2023

Introduction au dossier “Fictions climatiques”
Computational Study of Vortex-Induced Separation for a 5-Bladed Rotor
Authors:   NASA Langley Research Center, Thurman Christopher , Zawodny Nikolas , Pascioni Kyle
Published: June 2023

This work computationally investigated the rotor blade vortex-induced separation recently observed during an aerodynamic rotor test campaign in the NASA Langley Research Center 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel. Two separate approaches (i.e., airfoil modification and blade tip modification) were studied to mitigate the vortex-induced separation. Mid-fidelity tools based on blade element momentum theory were shown to mispredict the rotor inflow and were also shown to not capture the vortex-induced separation caused by perpendicular blade-vortex interaction. This misprediction was exploited to isolate the aerodynamic thrust deficit caused by the vortex-induced separation (20%) from the thrust deficit due to inflow variation (31%). High-fidelity tools were shown to reasonably predict aerodynamic forces within 13% and flow separation when compared to experimental results. The modified airfoil variant of the baseline rotor effectively mitigated the vortex-induced separation, while the blade tip modified variant still showed separation, though the size and strength of the vortex was reduced. Acoustic predictions were underpredicted by 10B from preliminary measurements taken in the untreated wind tunnel. Broadband noise contributions from different rotor blade sections showed that self-noise due to flow separation and other turbulent boundary layer mechanisms was the dominant noise source for all three rotor cases, followed by blade-wake interaction noise caused by perpendicular blade-vortex interactions.
An Experimental Investigation of eVTOL Flight State Variance on Noise
Authors:   Pennsylvania State Univeristy, Valente Vitor , Greenwood Eric , N.Johnson Eric
Published: June 2023

Experimental data collected for a custom multirotor aircraft are used to perform an analysis to relate the variability of noise levels measured on the ground to the state vector of the vehicle in hover. Data from a total of sixty-nine hover points are used to correlate the aircraft state to A-weighted Sound Pressure Levels measured at a microphone located directly underneath the aircraft. A spherical spreading normalization is applied to the data to allow data collected from different altitudes to be compared to one another. Noise levels are found to increase as vehicle attitude (orientation) and attitude rates diverge from the trim condition. The noise was found to be most sensitive to changes in yaw or yaw rate. Conversely, the noise was found to decrease as the commanded thrust of the vehicle increased. Additional analysis indicates that the mean A-weighted Sound Pressure Level increases when the variability of the vehicle flight condition is increased.
Prediction of Interactional Aerodynamic Noise of Propellers andWing Using High-Fidelity CFD
Authors:   California State University, Trembois Nikos ,   Pennsylvania State University, Ramsarran Tyler , Brown Ethan , Lee Seongkyu , Brentner Kenneth
Published: June 2023

This study aims to enhance the understanding of the upstream-downstream interaction between propellers and wings in terms of their acoustic impact using high-fidelity simulations. The research focuses on a propeller placed upstream of a wing, with the wing positioned at various horizontal and vertical offsets to evaluate the sensitivity of noise to wing placement. The isolated propeller thrust is found to match well with the experimental data. However, when the wing is present, the thrust is over-predicted compared to the experimental data. The pressure coefficient and its root-mean-square (RMS) values are used to evaluate the wing aerodynamics. The RMS of the pressure coefficient reveals significant unsteady loading near the wing leading edge due to the interactional effect between the propeller and the wing. In terms of noise prediction, the isolated propeller noise is well predicted in both high-fidelity and medium-fidelity simulations. When the wing is present, the wing loading noise exceeds the propeller loading noise. Finally, the directivity of the noise is compared with experimental data for the propeller and wing configuration. The predictions do not agree as well with the experimental data as desired, possibly due to the over-prediction of propeller thrust, the associated inaccuracies in the phase of the wing noise, and the acoustic shielding by the wing.
Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter in Forward Flight
Authors:   University of Maryland, Jayasundara Dilhara , Baeder James
Published: June 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with vertical take-off and landing capability have made significant progress in recent decades, especially with the emergence of advanced air mobility. One of the main issues these aircraft face that has challenged their commercial applicability is the high noise footprint. The aim of this study is to understand the complex aerodynamic interactions in such aircraft that lead to high noise emissions. For this purpose, a quadrotor biplane tailsitter was analyzed in forward flight conditions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) focusing on the rotor-wing unsteady aerodynamic interaction, and its implications on the acoustic footprint of the aircraft. The aircraft was trimmed using the CFD data and blade element momentum theory estimates. The resulting surface pressure distribution was used to calculate the tonal and broadband noise footprints using the Ffowcs Williams - Hawkings equation and the Brooks, Pope, and Marcolini (BPM) semi-empirical model, respectively. The aircraft was analyzed with different rotor phasing arrangements to understand its effect on the noise footprint. The rotor-rotor interactions were found to be minimal due to the freestream. The rotor-airframe interaction leads to a substantial increase in aircraft noise. Rotor synchrophasing proved to be effective in controlling the aircraft noise footprint.
Analyzing Mechanical Systems Using 3DX Design Tables, Kinematic Simulations, and Dynamic Simulations
Authors:   Lockheed Martin, Faysash Jack
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses the mechanism design and analysis methodology used within the Airframe and Mechanical Systems (AF&MS) design organization at Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company. The paper also highlights tools offered by 3DEXPERIENCE (3DX) that allow the engineer to more efficiently design and analyze mechanisms. The methodology used by AF&MS utilizes design tables to drive the analysis of complex mechanisms through thousands of unique positions as well as to quickly iterate through design changes. This paper showcases the methodology and tools used through the example of a brake mechanism designed and analyzed by the author. The example goes step by step through determining requirements, initializing the design, and running the mechanism simulation. The paper will close with a second example summarizing the methodology and tools used.
Comparison of Tail Rotor Performance with a Slotted, Natural-Laminar-Flow Airfoil
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, Axten Christopher , Maughmer Mark
Published: June 2023

The slotted, natural-laminar-flow (SNLF) airfoil is a low-drag, high-lift airfoil concept that has been explored for commercial and general aviation applications. This work seeks to determine the performance benefits of using an SNLF airfoil on the tail rotor of a small helicopter. Blade element momentum theory (BEMT) and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results for a rotor in hover are compared, including with an SNLF rotor that has the rotational speed reduced to generate the same amount of thrust as the baseline rotor. The BEMT analysis uses polar data generated from two-dimensional RANS CFD with methods and grids validated against wind tunnel data taken from high-quality facilities. Sectional data for the baseline and SNLF airfoils are presented and discussed, such as the higher maximum lift coefficient of the SNLF airfoil and subsonic and transonic Mach numbers and the SNLF airfoils' performance with high levels of freestream turbulence. Skin friction coefficient contours from the rotor CFD indicate the blade operates as intended and show regions of high skin friction on the tip closure geometry, highlighting a region of potential improvement. Integrated results, such as dimensionless and dimensional thrust and power, demonstrate that the SNLF rotor with a reduced rotational speed outperforms the baseline blade in terms of power requirements; however, the magnitude of the gain is substantially different between the BEMT and rotor RANS CFD. Lastly, BEMT results with various freestream turbulence levels and completely turbulent boundary layers indicate that the reduced rotational speed SNLF rotor requires the same amount of power as the fully turbulent baseline.
Effects of the Co-Administration of Morphine and Lipopolysaccharide on Toll-Like Receptor-4/Nuclear Factor Kappa β Signaling Pathway of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kafami Marzieh , Vaseghi Golnaz , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh , Mahdavi Manijeh , Dana Nasim , Esmalian-Afyouni Nazgol , Gohari Ali
Published: June 2023

Background:

The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene promotes migration in adenocarcinoma cells. Morphine is an agonist for TLR4 that has a dual role in cancer development. The promoter or inhibitor role of morphine in cancer progression remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the effects of morphine on the TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88-dependent (MyD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expressions in the human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods:

The cells were examined after 24 hours of incubation with morphine using the Boyden chamber system. TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB mRNA expressions were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The concentration of interleukin-2 beta was also measured using the ELISA assay.

Results:

According to the findings, three doses of morphine (0.25, 1.25, and 0.025 μM) increased the expression of the TLR4 and NF-κB genes, whereas no significant change was observed in the mRNA expression of MyD88. Furthermore, treatment with morphine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly decreased the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. However, no significant change was observed in interleukin 2 beta concentration.

Conclusions:

These findings confirmed the excitatory effects of morphine on TRL4 expression and the MYD88 signaling pathway in vitro.
The Effect and Safety of Olanzapine on Nausea and Vomiting in Children Receiving Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy
Authors: Eghbali Aziz , Bagherloo Tahereh , Ghasemi Ali , Afzal Roghayeh R. , Eghbali Aygin , Ghaffari Kazem
Published: June 2023

Background:

In order to improve the complete recovery of nausea and vomiting, we conducted a study with the aim of preventing acute and delayed nausea and vomiting in children undergoing moderate emetogenic chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:

A clinical trial study was done on 130 children received chemotherapy. Patients received olanzapine and placebo. All groups received granisetron along with dexamethasone (DEX). The severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) induced by chemotherapy was compared in two groups.

Results:

The severity of nausea on the first, second, third, and fourth days was not significantly different (P > .05) in two groups. The number of patients without vomiting was significantly different during the first 24 hours after chemotherapy between patients in the two groups (82.3% vs 64.5%; P = .016).

Conclusion:

This study showed that olanzapine, which acts as an inhibitor of neurotransmitters, had a favorable efficacy in controlling acute and delayed CINV. More studies with large sample size are needed to compare the effect of olanzapine with other agents including aprepitant and palonosetron in the prevention of CINV.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Coagulopathy Caused by the New Coronavirus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
Authors: Abbasian Sadegh , Razmi Mahya , Bahramian Hadiseh , Shanbehzadeh Mostafa , Kazemi-Arpanahi Hadi
Published: June 2023

Background:

The new coronavirus is an agent of respiratory infections associated with thrombosis in vital organs. This study aimed to propose a better diagnosis and treatment of coagulation disorders caused by the new coronavirus (Covid-19).

Materials and Methods:

Search in Cochrane central, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid will be done. Also, according to the inclusion criteria, cross-sectional studies, cohort, clinical trial, and case-control will be included without gender and language restriction. Participants will also be Covid-19 patients with coagulation disorders. Any disagreement in the stages of screening, selection, and extraction of data between the two reviewers will be resolved by discussion, then if not resolved, the opinion of expert reviewers will be used. The risk of bias will be assessed using the NOS (Newcastle–Ottawa scale) tool for cross-sectional study, cohort and case-control, and the Cochrane checklist for clinical trials study. Metaanalysis of included studies that are similar based on the methodology will be done. Also, a fixed or random-effect model will be used for this it. Heterogeneity indices (I2), odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), mean difference, and %95 confidence interval will also be calculated by Stata V.13.0 (Corporation, College Station TX).

Results:

Treatment with anticoagulants will reduce the severity of thrombosis and lung disease in patients. D-dimer measurement will also be a diagnosis indicator of thrombosis.

Conclusions:

Simultaneous study of coagulation disorders and thrombosis in patients and development of a Godliness based on it will play a treatment role in the follow-up of the coronavirus disease.
Pemphigus scoring systems and their validation studies – A review of the literature
Authors: Boucher* Darby , Wilson Anna , Murrell* Dedee F.
Published: June 2023

Pemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. Despite recent advances in treatment, pemphigus is associated with high patient mortality and has a significantly negative impact on patients’ quality of life and mental health. Validated scoring systems to accurately measure pemphigus severity are vital for the monitoring of disease activity, evaluation of treatment efficacy and trialing, comparison and introduction of new treatments. This article reviews the existing scoring systems for pemphigus and their validation studies and proposes a future area of research regarding global assessments for simplistic scoring of pemphigus severity.
Evaluation of adherence with lung-protective ventilator strategies in moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in a tertiary care setup in India: A prospective observational study
Authors: Singh Simran J. , Fonseca Alex Jude , Rajyaguru Spandan
Published: June 2023

Background:

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of mechanical ventilation settings is a cornerstone of the early phase of the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study aimed to evaluate the adherence to currently recommended lung-protective ventilator strategies (tidal volume, plateau pressure, driving pressure, prone positioning, and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]) for adults with moderate-to-severe ARDS in a tertiary care setup, thereby evaluating if lung-protective ventilation is associated with improved outcomes.

Methods:

This was an observational study over 1 year in ventilated moderate-to-severe ARDS participants. All participants were mechanically ventilated when required using the protocol followed by the ARDS Network low-tidal volume lung-protective ventilation strategy and monitored.

Results:

The total number of participants in the study was 32. Septic shock was the most common cause of ARDS. The mean duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 6.13 (±5.4) days, mean ventilator days were 3.66 (±3.75) days and mortality rate of 71.8%.Adherence to low-tidal volume was 78.12% with an improvement of 36% in the adherent group (P = 0.06). Adherence to high PEEP was 34.38% with a survival of 73% in the adherent group (P = 0.0004). Adherence to prone ventilation was 18.75% with a survival of 33% in the adherent group (P = 0.7).

Conclusion:

Intensivists should take an extra effort to focus on evidence-based ventilator strategies and increase adherence to these recommendations in their ICUs to improve patient survival.
Effect of a pharmacist-based toxicology consult service on appropriate use of intravenous N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen toxicity: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Summerlin Jonathan A , Wang Kellie M , McMahon Andre J , Lund Jeremy A
Published: June 2023

Background:

Incorporating clinical pharmacists on the medical team has been associated with fewer medication errors and increased error interception. Due to the logistical complexities of the intravenous (IV) N-acetylcysteine (NAC) regimen for acetaminophen toxicity, many opportunities for medication errors exist. A pharmacist-based toxicology consultation service was implemented at our institution, allowing pharmacists to formally aid in the management of toxicology patients throughout their hospital admission, including those with acetaminophen toxicity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a house-wide pharmacist-based toxicology consult service on errors associated with IV NAC treatment for patients admitted with acetaminophen toxicity.

Methods:

A retrospective, pre–post cohort study was conducted on patients who received IV NAC for acetaminophen toxicity. The intervention evaluated was the implementation of a pharmacist-based toxicology consult service, known as the pharmacy toxicology team. The primary end point was the incidence of an error associated with IV NAC. An error was defined as the composite of inappropriate dose, administration rate, initiation, continuation, or discontinuation.

Results:

Eighty-four patients were included; 30 patients in the pregroup, and 54 patients in the postgroup. Fewer patients experienced an error in the postgroup compared to the pregroup (30% vs 63%,P= 0.003).

Conclusion:

The implementation of this unique pharmacist-based toxicology consult service was associated with fewer patients experiencing an error related to IV NAC therapy for acetaminophen toxicity. Application of this data may aid in the justification for development of clinical pharmacist-based toxicology consult services at other institutions.
Hemangiomatous Ameloblastoma with Dentinoid Formation: A Sui Generis Case Report
Authors: Gupta Neha , Kumar Pramod , Malu Megha , Marandi Manjula
Published: June 2023

Hemangiomatous ameloblastoma has long been explicated as a divergent of solid multicystic ameloblastoma (SMA). Described first by Kuhn in 1932, it is histologically distinct from a conventional ameloblastoma by the presence of spaces filled with blood or large endothelial lined capillaries. Less than 12 cases have been reported till date and mostly in the middle-aged population with a predilection for the mandibular posterior region. The unlikeness of the case being reported here is the fact that it was manifested in a 16-year-old teenage girl. Being an extraordinary version of SMA, very little is known about its behavior and prognosis. In the following case report, we try to annotate the clinical, radiological, and the histological features that lead us to the diagnosis of hemangiomatous ameloblastoma with dentinoid formation.
Assessment of Parents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Self-Medication for their Child’s Dental Problems during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Shaji Sheba Mariam , Issac Jyoti Sumi , Girija Parvathy , Arjun D. S. , Siddik A. J. , Ashmi A.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Self-medication (SM) refers to taking medicine without consultation with a doctor or dentist, and it is an important health issue, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to evaluate parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding SM for their children’s dental problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kollam district, Kerala, India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Public Health Center at Kollam District. A questionnaire which consists of 20 questions was given among a total of 108 parents who agreed to participate in the study. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel data sheet and were analyzed using SPSS for Windows (Statistical Presentation System Software, SPSS Inc.) version 17.0. Continuous data were represented as mean and standard deviation.

Results:

The majority of parents (n = 108, 82.4%) practiced SM for their children’s dental problems. Analgesics were the most commonly used medicines by parents in their SM and mainly SM was done for tooth pain. The current study also showed that most parents who practiced SM thought it was difficult to access health-care providers mainly due to COVID-19 and 63% of people said that their SM practice increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of SM practices for children’s dental problems is high in Kerala during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teledentistry might be a useful tool to overcome problems related to the SM of children during times when the ability to reach health-care providers is limited, during pandemics.
Trigeminal Schwannoma Exhibiting Orofacial Pain
Authors: Narain Sansriti , Britto Frankantony , Shetty J. Varsha R. , Murthy H. P. Narasimha , Singh Sandeep
Published: June 2023

Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors arising from the Schwann cells. Trigeminal schwannomas account for 1%–8% of all intracranial schwannomas and 0.1%–0.5% of intracranial tumors. Intracranial trigeminal schwannomas are usually diagnosed in the third and fourth decades of life but can present at any age. The symptoms usually present with trigeminal hyperesthesia, facial pain & headache. Detailed medical history needs to be taken in these patients as there is a possibility of trigeminal schwannoma symptoms presenting as pain of odontogenic origin. The following case report provides a case of trigeminal schwannoma presenting as pain of odontogenic origin. A 37-year-old male complained of pain in the upper right quadrant for 1 week. The pain was mild to moderate in intensity and would increase while clenching his teeth. The pain would not relieve on taking over-the-counter analgesics and would aggravate due to anxiety, lack of sleep, or after consuming drinks with caffeine and also foods having a sour taste. Brushing on the upper right quadrant would also cause a tingling sensation on the right side of the face. Intraoral examination and diagnosis involving 12, 13, 14, and 15 did not reveal any odontogenic cause. Medical history revealed a diagnosis of trigeminal schwannoma of the right side a year back. The trigeminal schwannoma was treated with stereotactic radiation 03 months back. Due to this positive finding in the medical history and probable cause for the intraoral pain, the patient was referred back to his neurosurgeon, who prescribed a 7-day course of methylprednisolone; the steroid regimen resulted in complete cessation of his pain.
Clinical evaluation and assessment of laser irradiation on the stability of orthodontic implant - A prospective experimental study
Authors: Shehare Namrata , Daokar Suchita , Ghunawat Dhananjay , Kaurani Harsha
Published: June 2023

Background:

Currently, orthodontic implants have reached a peak where they are considered a dependable modality to provide temporary supplemental anchoring in orthodontic therapy. When absolute anchoring is a necessity or in cases of minimally cooperative patients, these devices can help manage skeletal anchorage. However, its failure is a serious multi-factorial issue that happens during orthodontic treatment. The stability of the mini-implant is crucial to the outcome of orthodontic intervention. Approaches to increasing the stability of the mini-implant were researched. Hence, this study was carried out to compare and contrast and clinically assess the integrity of orthodontic implants over time.

Subjects and Methods:

Split mouth technique of treatment was carried out on 16 patients, i.e., one side of the mandible was considered as the experimental group (implant site irradiated with laser after placement), and the other was considered as the control side (implant site not irradiated with laser). Titanium mini-implants of the dimensions 1.5 mm diameter and 6 mm length were employed in the present study. They were positioned in the inter radicular space between the first molar and second premolar in the mandibular posterior region, 7 mm apical to the alveolar crest. During the whole process, the laser utilized was a multimode GaAs diode laser with a wavelength of 980 nm. It had 0.5–10 W output power which was adjustable with the frequency of 1–20 kHz and its main body input voltage was DC12 to further analyze the stability of the implant which in turn would aid in success assessment, the resonance frequency concept was utilized. The readings were recorded (T0) after insertion, (T1) 24 h after insertion, (T2) 2 weeks after insertion, (T3) 4 weeks after insertion, (T4) 6 weeks after insertion, and (T5) 8 weeks after insertion. The higher the implant stability quotient values the greater the stability and hence the optimal loading time.

Results:

The test employed for statistical analysis was Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, and analysis of variance test. After analysis of all the readings, it was found that low-level laser therapy has a significant role in the stability of orthodontic mini-implant.

Conclusion:

The findings from this study suggest that low-level laser irradiation at the time of implant placement controls the inflammatory reaction around the implant and improves its stability.
Apexification of the mineral trioxide aggregate in nonvital immature anterior teeth with and without platelet-rich plasma: A preliminary clinical study
Authors: Mishra Navin , Narang Isha , Iqbal Md. Jawed , Singh Priyankar , Singh Nimmi , Pranab Ashish
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Treatment of permanent teeth with weak root dentin, exposed apex, necrotic pulp, periapical disease, and stunted root growth present a significant challenge to the practicing conservative dentistry. Necrotic immature permanent teeth with open apices are arduous to seal by thermo-plasticized or lateral condensation methods. Apexification methods have traditionally used a variety of materials including calcium hydroxide, biodentine, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Calcium hydroxide apexification takes a long time to develop an apical barrier and contains large pores, resulting in inadequate sealing ability and a bad outcome. MTA is a biomimetic and bio-inductive substance that has been employed to construct a single-step apical barrier in immature open apices with and without periapical pathology. Endodontic in this 21st century uses regenerative procedures in a nonvital, immature tooth with wide-open apices but it is also a very lengthy procedure and poor patient compliance due to slow biologic healing and long-term follow-up of the patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factors and transforming growth factors and has been proposed as a potentially ideal scaffold for accelerated wound healing.

Aims and Objectives:

To evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcome of MTA apexification with and without PRP in periapical healing kinetics in nonvital, immature teeth.

Materials and Methods:

An analysis was performed on patient with immature teeth, open-apex, maxillary front nonvital that were randomly divided into two groups of eighteen patients (eighteen roots permanent upper anterior) each: Group I in which MTA apexification was performed without PRP and Group II consisting of 18 roots where MTA apexification were carried out on a collagen sponge supplemented with PRP.

Results:

The cases were followed up at 6 months and 12 months after treatment, both clinically and radiographically, by two independent assessors. Periapical healing (PAH) was good in 6–18 roots, and in Group I-11 roots showed excellent healing. In Group II-17 roots showed excellent results. Case number 18 and case number 9 were lost to follow-up due to migration to groups I and II, respectively. Apical closure was 100% in Group II and 77% in Group I.

Conclusions:

Single-step MTA apexification with PRP is a conservative and effective method for inducing PAH and is time-saving in managing nonvital, immature teeth with an open apex.
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Attitude of Nonpsychiatric Health-Care Professionals toward Mental Health
Authors: Shaktidevi Rayaji , Aswath Manju , Kshamaa Haradanahalli Giriprakash , Gowda Vathsalya S.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Mental illness is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. General health facilities are the first point of contact for patients with mental illness. Physicians seldom detect mental health issues, and referrals to mental health professionals are made infrequently. Therefore, health-care professionals need to be educated to have adequate knowledge and positive attitude for detection and timely intervention for the mentally ill. In this study, we intended to concentrate on the attitude of nonpsychiatric health-care professionals toward mental illness.

Methods:

This study is a cross-sectional study. We studied 260 nurses, interns, and postgraduates at a medical college in Bangalore, Karnataka, with copies of a semi-structured socioeconomical questionnaire and Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitude Scale-Version 4.

Results:

We found that younger age group (p < 0.001), history of previous psychiatric consultations with themselves (p < 0.001) or with families/friends (p < 0.05), and postgraduates (p < 0.05) had a significantly more positive attitude toward mental illness, but that the group with older age group (p < 0.001), and nursing staff (p < 0.001), had a significantly more negative attitude toward mental illness.

Conclusion:

Adequate training and knowledge about mental illness are needed for health-care providers, to enable them for early detection, decreased morbidity, and reduced stigma of the mentally ill.
Robustness of Classification Algorithm in the Face of Label Noise
Authors: ZHAO Jiawei , KANG Mengyao , HAN Zheng
Published: June 2023

Label noise is an important part in the process of machine learning. Transition matrix provides an effective way to reduce the impact of label noise on classification algorithm. In this experiment, we study logistic regression algorithm and random forest algorithm. We use the known real transition matrix to evaluate the robustness of the algorithm on two datasets. We also design a transition matrix estimator to estimate the transition matrix of three datasets and evaluate the robustness of the two algorithms. We use average error to evaluate the effectiveness of the transition matrix estimator and the top-1 accuracy to evaluate our method.
Applied Design and Methodology of Delivery Robots Based on Human–Robot Interaction in Smart Cities
Authors: LAW Wing Ting , Fan Kam Wah , Li Ki Sing , Mo Tiande
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes an optimised design of an autonomous delivery robot while adopting the latest technologies from the different branching fields of robotics, artificial intelligence, and tele-communication. As a prospective representation of a user-centric robot design, the proposal is design with the major focus on maximizing users’ satisfaction throughout every human–robot interaction (HRI) touchpoints. By the use of sensor fusion techniques along with the deployment of an image-detection-based technique accompanying the point-cloud-detection-based path-planning methodology, the robot delivery would be optimised with effective path-planning and obstacle avoidance capability. With the extension of 5G connectivity, it is proposed that the real-time status update and video stream would enable greater efficiency in terms of remote monitoring and centralised robot administration.
Значения $\mathfrak{sl}_2$-весовой системы на хордовых диаграммах с полным графом пересечений
Authors: Zakorko Polina Evgen'evna
Published: June 2023

Весовой системой называют функцию на хордовых диаграммах, удовлетворяющую 4-членному соотношению Васильева. По алгебре Ли $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ можно построить простейшую нетривиальную весовую систему. Полученная $\mathfrak{sl}_2$-весовая система принимает значения в пространстве многочленов от одной переменной и полностью определяется рекуррентными соотношениями Чмутова-Варченко.
Хотя определение $\mathfrak{sl}_2$-весовой системы довольно просто, ее вычисления очень трудоемки, поэтому конкретные значения известны лишь для небольшого числа хордовых диаграмм. Для явного вида значений на хордовых диаграммах с полным графом пересечений С. К. Ландо выдвинул гипотезу, которую поначалу удалось доказать лишь для коэффициентов при линейных членах значений весовой системы. Мы полностью доказываем эту гипотезу, пользуясь рекуррентными соотношениями Чмутова-Варченко и введенными нами линейными операторами добавления хорды к доле - подмножеству хорд диаграммы с концами на двух выделенных дугах. Также, опираясь на производящую функцию значений $\mathfrak{sl}_2$-весовой системы на хордовых диаграммах с полным графом пересечений, мы доказываем изоморфность факторпространства долей по модулю рекуррентных соотношений пространству многочленов от двух переменных.
Библиография: 10 названий.
Solution, Fluorescent Penetrant Water Base for LOX (Liquid Oxygen) Compatibility
Authors:   AMS K Non Destructive Methods and Processes Committee
Published: June 2023

This specification covers a stable, noncorrosive, water-soluble, highly-penetrating, fluorescent solution which may, but need not, be diluted with an appropriate amount of water for use.
Standard Method for Determining Continuous Upper Temperature Limit of Elastomers
Authors:   Committee on Automotive Rubber Specs
Published: June 2023

This method is intended to define the continuous upper temperature limit (CUTL) of thermoplastic elastomers and thermoset rubber with durometer hardness <=90 Shore A, to oxidation or other degradation when exposed solely to hot air for an extended period of time.
Cast Shot and Grit Size Specifications for Cleaning and Peening
Authors:   Surface Enhancement Committee
Published: June 2023

This SAE Recommended Practice pertains to blast cleaning and shot peening and provides for standard cast shot and grit size numbers. For shot, this number corresponds with the opening of the nominal test sieve, in ten thousandths of inches1, preceded by an S. For grit, this number corresponds with the sieve designation of the nominal test sieve with the prefix G added. These sieves are in accordance with ASTM E11.

The accompanying shot and grit classifications and size designations were formulated by representatives of shot and grit suppliers, equipment manufacturers, and automotive users.
Poverty, wealth and standards of living in Britain and its Empire
Authors: August Andrew
Published: June 2023

Since the 1950s, historians have debated whether early industrialization improved British working people’s standards of living. Aggregate data favours the pessimist position, that most
people did not see the benefits of industrialization until after 1850. Recent research, though, has stressed regional, gender, and age variation within these overall trends. After
mid-century, broad trends show significant improvement in standards of living, yet high rates of poverty persisted. Amidst these social and economic changes, families across the social
scale adopted strategies to maximize their resources and protect their status, but many people in Britain entered the twentieth century insecure in their social and economic
status.
Domesticity
Authors: Hamlett Jane
Published: June 2023

In this video essay I discuss the history of domesticity – exploring why historians of the eighteenth and nineteenth century have become interested in it. I examine what studying the
home might tell us about the past, pointing out the gap between the idealised home and how it was experienced. While the home is often seen as a private female world, in recent years
historians have shown its potential to reveal the history of men and masculinity, helping us understand fatherhood in new ways for both the middle and working classes.
Urbanisation
Authors: Warwick Tosh
Published: June 2023

Urbanization was one of the key processes and ‘grand narratives’ in Britain from the eighteenth century through to the outbreak of the First World War. The video discusses some of the
key debates associated with the concept and explores a number of processes and themes that shaped urbanization. The presentation begins by outlining definitions of urbanization and the
varying extent, nature and speed at which urbanization occurred, with examples from across Britain discussed. This includes exploration of Victorian ‘boom towns’, company towns, model
villages, spa towns and the expansion of established urban centres. The role of urbanization in creating industrialised centres, leafy suburbs and decaying urban slums is outlined
alongside the associated cultural, economic, legislative, municipal and social changes that occurred in towns and cities across Britain. The presentation finishes by considering
tangible cultural legacies of urbanization that survive in British towns and cities today and considers future directions in understanding the historic, urban environment.
The role of natural compounds in rat mammary cancer: the beneficial effects of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. aqueous extract
Authors: Azevedo Tiago , Silva Jessica , Peixoto Francisco , Silvestre-Ferreira Ana C. , Gama Adelina , Seixas Fernanda , Finimundy Tiane C. , Barros Lilian , Matos Manuela , Oliveira Paula A. , Faustino-Rocha Ana I. , Valada Abigaël , Anjos Lara , Moura Tânia , Ferreira Rafaela , Santos Marlene , Pires Maria J. , Neuparth Maria J.
Published: June 2023

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women, and a leading cause of death worldwide. Santolina chamaecyparissus L. is a plant with multiple health benefits, including anticancer and anti-diabetic properties. This study aimed to assess the chemopreventive effects of S. chamaecyparissus aqueous extract (SCE) in an animal model of mammary cancer. A total of 28 four-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, MNU-induced (IND), SCE-supplemented (SCE), and SCE+IND. SCE was added to drinking water (12.72 mg/kg body weight) ad libitum. MNU was administered via the intraperitoneal route at 50 days of age. Weekly monitoring of body weight, food/drink intake, humane endpoints, and number of mammary tumours were recorded. Twenty weeks after MNU administration, animals were sacrificed by anaesthetic overdose and a necropsy was performed. Blood samples were used to determine blood count and serum biochemistry analysis, while kidney and liver samples were analysed for oxidative stress. Tumour samples were collected for gene expression and histology studies. SCE chemical composition was analysed by LC-MS and contained 19 phenolic compounds, with the most abundant being myricetin-O-glucuronide and 1,3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Two animals in the IND group were sacrificed due to exceeding the humane endpoint limits. SCE supplementation delayed mammary tumour development, reducing its volume and weight. SCE had a positive impact on haematological parameters, particularly the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (P=0.026). No significant differences were observed in serum biochemistry, except for creatinine kinase MB, or in oxidative stress markers. Gene expression analysis showed significantly reduced VEGF expression levels (P=0.0158) in tumours from SCE+IND. These findings suggest that SCE is deserving of further study to identify the individual compounds and to understand its influence on animal models during cancer development.