bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable Notch Antenna System for Multiport Applications
Authors: Toktas Abdurrahim
Published: November 2016

A novel and compact scalable antenna system is designed for multiport applications. The basic design is built on a square patch with an electrical size of0.82λ0×0.82λ0(at 2.4 GHz) on a dielectric substrate. The design consists of four symmetrical and orthogonal triangular notches with circular feeding slots at the corners of the common patch. The 4-port antenna can be simply rearranged to 8-port and 12-port systems. The operating band of the system can be tuned by scaling (S) the size of the system while fixing the thickness of the substrate. The antenna system withS: 1/1 in size of103.5×103.5 mm2operates at the frequency band of 2.3–3.0 GHz. By scaling the antenna withS: 1/2.3, a system of45×45 mm2is achieved, and thus the operating band is tuned to 4.7–6.1 GHz with the same scattering characteristic. A parametric study is also conducted to investigate the effects of changing the notch dimensions. The performance of the antenna is verified in terms of the antenna characteristics as well as diversity and multiplexing parameters. The antenna system can be tuned by scaling so that it is applicable to the multiport WLAN, WIMAX, and LTE devices with port upgradability.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome with Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Reece Kevin , Day Rachel , Welch Janna
Published: November 2016

Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) syndrome is a condition in which the duodenum becomes compressed between the SMA and the aorta, resulting in bowel obstruction which subsequently compresses surrounding structures. Pressure on the inferior vena cava (IVC) and aorta decreases cardiac output which compromises distal blood flow, resulting in abdominal compartment syndrome with ischemia and renal failure. A 15-year-old male with SMA syndrome presented with 12 hours of pain, a distended, rigid abdomen, mottled skin below the waist, and decreased motor and sensory function in the lower extremities. Exploratory laparotomy revealed ischemic small bowel and stomach with abdominal compartment syndrome. Despite decompression, the patient arrested from hyperkalemia following reperfusion.
Pancreatic Surgery in the Older Population: A Single Institution’s Experience over Two Decades
Authors: Brahmbhatt Bhaumik , Bhurwal Abhishek , Lukens Frank J. , Buchanan Mauricia A. , Stauffer John A. , Asbun Horacio J.
Published: November 2016

Objectives. Surgery is the most effective treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, present literature varies on outcomes of curative pancreatic resection in the elderly. The objective of the study was to evaluate age as an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality and complications after pancreatic resection. Methods. Nine hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients underwent 934 pancreatic resections between March 1995 and July 2014 in a tertiary care center. Primary analyses focused on outcomes in terms of 90-day mortality and postoperative complications after pancreatic resection in these two age groups. Results. Even though patients aged 75 years or older had significantly more postoperative morbidities compared with the younger patient group, the age group was not associated with increased risk of 90-day mortality after pancreatic resection. Discussion. The study suggests that age alone should not preclude patients from undergoing curative pancreatic resection.
Ebola Virus Infection among Western Healthcare Workers Unable to Recall the Transmission Route
Authors: Petti Stefano , Protano Carmela , Messano Giuseppe Alessio , Scully Crispian
Published: November 2016

Introduction. During the 2014–2016 West-African Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak, some HCWs from Western countries became infected despite proper equipment and training on EVD infection prevention and control (IPC) standards. Despite their high awareness toward EVD, some of them could not recall the transmission routes. We explored these incidents by recalling the stories of infected Western HCWs who had no known directly exposures to blood/bodily fluids from EVD patients. Methodology. We carried out conventional and unconventional literature searches through the web using the keyword “Ebola” looking for interviews and reports released by the infected HCWs and/or the healthcare organizations. Results. We identified fourteen HCWs, some infected outside West Africa and some even classified at low EVD risk. None of them recalled accidents, unintentional exposures, or any IPC violation. Infection transmission was thus inexplicable through the acknowledged transmission routes. Conclusions. We formulated two hypotheses: inapparent exposures to blood/bodily fluids or transmission due to asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic carriers. This study is in no way intended to be critical with the healthcare organizations which, thanks to their interventions, put an end to a large EVD outbreak that threatened the regional and world populations.
A Comparative Electrochemical-Ozone Treatment for Removal of Phenolphthalein
Authors: García-Orozco V. M. , Barrera-Díaz C. E. , Roa-Morales G. , Linares-Hernández Ivonne
Published: November 2016

The degradation of aqueous solutions containing phenolphthalein was carried out using ozone and electrochemical processes; the two different treatments were performed for 60 min at pH 3, pH 7, and pH 9. The electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond electrodes processes was carried out using three current density values: 3.11 mA·cm−2, 6.22 mA·cm−2, and 9.33 mA·cm−2, whereas the ozone dose was constantly supplied at 5±0.5 mgL−1. An optimal degradation condition for the ozonation treatment is at alkaline pH, while the electrochemical treatment works better at acidic pH. The electrochemical process is twice better compared with ozonation.
Cardiac Arrest as a Consequence of Air Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rahman Zia Ur , Murtaza Ghulam , Pourmorteza Mohsin , El Minaoui Wael K. , Sethi Pooja , Mamdouhi Peyman , Paul Timir
Published: November 2016

Air embolism is an infrequent but potentially catastrophic complication. It could be a complication of invasive procedures including surgery, central line placement, positive pressure ventilation, trauma, hemodialysis, pacemaker placement, cardiac ablation, and decompression sickness. Usually, it does not cause any hemodynamic complication. In rare cases, it could lodge in the heart and cause cardiac arrest. We present a case of an 82-year-old white female who underwent computed tomography (CT) guided biopsy of right lung pulmonary nodule. When she was turned over after the lung biopsy, she became unresponsive and developed cardiopulmonary arrest. She underwent successful resuscitation and ultimately was intubated. CT chest was performed immediately after resuscitation which showed frothy air dense material in the left atrium and one of the right pulmonary veins suggesting a Broncho venous fistula with air embolism. Although very rare, air embolism could be catastrophic resulting in cardiac arrest. Supportive care including mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, volume resuscitation, and supplemental oxygen is the initial management. Patients with cardiac, neurological, or respiratory complications benefit from hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Cryptococcus gattiiin an Immunocompetent Patient in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Amburgy John W. , Miller Joseph H. , Ditty Benjamin J. , Vande Lune Patrick , Muhammad Shaaf , Fisher Winfield S.
Published: November 2016

Cryptococcal infections are seen throughout the United States in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. The most common form isC. neoformans. In the Northwestern United States,C. gattiihas received considerable attention secondary to increased virulence resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. There are no cases in the extant literature describing a patient withC. gattiirequiring neurosurgical intervention in Alabama. A middle-aged immunocompetent male with no recent travel or identifiable exposure presented with meningitis secondary toC. gattii. The patient underwent 12 lumbar punctures and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and required 83 days of inpatient therapy with 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B. The patient was found to have multiple intracranial lesions and a large intramedullary spinal cryptococcoma within his conus. Following an almost 3-month hospitalization the patient required treatment with oral voriconazole for one year. In the United States meningitis caused byC. gattiiinfection is not isolated to the Northwestern region.
Multiple Renal Abscesses due to ESBL Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Causing Acute Pyelonephritis and Bacteremia: A Case Report with a Good Outcome (No Drainage Required)
Authors: Khalil Abdalla , Qurash Musaad , Saleh Asem , Ali Rasha , Elwakil Mohamed
Published: November 2016

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae urinary tract infections are challenging infections with increased mortality, morbidity, and failure of therapy. A 44-year-old Saudi male diabetic patient was seen at the ER of IMC Hospital with features of acute pyelonephritis: fever, burning urine, and left flank pain for three days. He was treated for cystitis at the Endocrine Clinic two weeks prior to his ER visit with nitrofurantoin and levofloxacin orally according to urine culture and sensitivity result. The patient was admitted, received IV meropenem, and continued to be febrile for three days. His urine and blood culture at ER grew the same ESBL-producing E. coli as in his urine culture from the Endocrine Clinic. His abdomen CT scan showed two left renal abscesses at the upper and middle poles. His temperature resolved on the fourth day of IV therapy. Intravenous meropenem was continued for 4 weeks after inserting PICC line and the patient was followed up by home healthcare. He was feeling better with occasional left flank pain and repeated abdomen CT scan showed complete resolution of both renal abscesses.
Epididymal Adenomatoid Tumor: A Very Rare Paratesticular Tumor of Childhood
Authors: Patoulias Ioannis , Kaselas Christos , Patoulias Dimitrios , Theocharides Constantine , Kalogirou Maria , Farmakis Konstantinos , Feidantsis Thomas
Published: November 2016

Adenomatoid tumor is an uncommon benign mesothelial neoplasm, usually localized in the epididymis. It is the most common paratesticular tumor of middle-aged patients (average age of clinical presentation: 36 years). However, these tumors in pediatric and pubertal patients are extremely rare. Due to their rarity, we present a case of adenomatoid tumor of the tail of the epididymis in a 16-year-old patient. After systematic research of the current literature, we did not find another case report of epididymal adenomatoid tumor in a male patient aged 16 years old or less. This notice and our concern, as well, about the patient’s surveillance protocol during the postoperative period were the motive for this case study.
Genetic and Clinical Features of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: The Experience of a Single Center in Costa Rica
Authors: Calvo Javier , Torrealba Gabriel , Sáenz Adriana , Santamaría Carlos , Morera Estela , Alvarado Silvia , Roa Yolanda , González Michelle
Published: November 2016

Background. Activating mutations in the RET gene leads to medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Guidelines encourage performing RET analysis in subjects with hereditary and sporadic disease. Materials and Methods. Design. Observational, case series report study. Patients. Subjects diagnosed with MTC, with a thyroidectomy performed in a single center in Costa Rica between the years 2006 and 2015. Diagnosis and Follow-Up. Pre- and postoperative calcitonin, RET mutation, and neck ultrasound and tomography were obtained. Results. 21 subjects with histological diagnosis of MTC were followed up. The average age at diagnosis was 52.0 ± 15.7 years. The preoperative mean value of calcitonin was 1340 ± 665 pg/mL. Evidence of RET mutation was found in 26.3% of the patients, with only 2 of them grouped in the same kindred. We found statistically significant differences in mean ages between mutated (38.4 ± 20.2 y) versus nonmutated RET gene (54.6 ± 11.8 y, p=0.04). There were no significant differences regarding tumor size, metastases, and surgical reintervention. Conclusions. We report the results of RET mutation analysis in subjects with MTC in a single center of Costa Rica. The availability of this tool increases the probability of identifying familial MTC, with the benefit of detecting affected subjects and their relatives at an earlier age.
Optimal Distributed Detection for Complex Field Network Coding Assisted Wireless Sensor Networks with Nonorthogonal Communications
Authors: Cheng Yulun , Yang Longxiang , Zhu Hongbo
Published: November 2016

Complex field network coding (CFNC) enables signal transmission and information fusion to be operated over nonorthogonal channels, which essentially improves both the bandwidth efficiency and transmission reliability of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper investigates the power allocation for the CFNC assisted WSNs. By improving the accuracy of the approximation for Q function, the closed-form expression of the pairwise error probability bound for the considered network is derived, so as to improve the optimization efficiency of the power allocation. On the basis of the expression, the relay power coefficient is optimized under the fixed power constraint. Besides, the impacts of the topology parameters on the power allocation are also analyzed accordingly. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed power allocation outperforms the benchmark in terms of the detection performance. The obtained expression of the power coefficient and insights can provide useful suggestions for the power allocation design of the CFNC assisted WSNs.
Diplomats, Professors, and Then Some: Notes for a History of International Law in 20th Century Finland
Authors: Koskenniemi Martti
Published: November 2016

This is a brief overview of the history of the engagement by Finnish jurists with international law during the 20th century. The principal finding is that Finnish lawyers have often combined academic work with public service as diplomats and politicians, including government members. The ambition is modest – no more is sought than singling out relevant persons and some of their more interesting academic contributions. My wish is that the text might inspire others to enquire more in depth into the contributions of these and other jurists as well as to make such overviews of other countries or periods and in this way to contribute to an emerging “comparative international law”.
A Nordic Approach to Promoting Women’s Rights within International Law: Internal v. External Perspectives
Authors: Bailliet Cecilia M.
Published: November 2016

This article explores whether there is a Nordic approach to women’s rights within international law, juxtaposing internal and external perspectives in order to identify dilemmas and remaining challenges. Recognition of the Nordic contribution to the drafting of the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (cedaw) is contrasted with present day issues which complicate enjoyment of rights. The complexity of formulating a Nordic feminist foreign policy and the appointment of Nordic women as creators of international law is explored.
Communities of Interest in the Nordic Management of International Watercourses
Authors: Howden Julie Gjørtz
Published: November 2016

This article takes a closer look at water cooperation among Nordic countries, and in particular the newly established Finnish-Norwegian River Basin District. It addresses the effectiveness of water governance within the structure chosen for managing the River Basin District and compares this with the main features of the community of interest approach in international water law. Serving as backdrop for this comparison is the earlier Finnish-Swedish Frontier Rivers Commission, which was considered a pioneer project of common water management, and the common values that unite the Nordic countries. Cooperation over shared water resources challenges the principle of territorial sovereignty in international law, and requires engaged cooperative regimes. While Norway and Finland have excellent opportunities to create a progressive water management regime, their current solution has some significant shortcomings.
Do Scandinavians Care about International Law? A Study of Scandinavian Judges’ Citation Practice to International Law and Courts
Authors: Wind Marlene
Published: November 2016

Although Scandinavians are often celebrated as the vanguards of human rights and international law, we know little about whether courts and judges in these countries have embraced those international courts and conventions that they themselves helped establish after the Second World War. This article presents original and comprehensive data on three Scandinavian courts’ citation practice. It demonstrates that not only do Scandinavian Supreme Courts engage surprisingly little with international law, but also that there is great variation in the degree to which they have domesticated international law and courts by citing their case law. Building on this author’s previous research, it is argued that Norway sticks out as much more engaged internationally due to a solid judicial review tradition at the national level. It is also argued that Scandinavian legal positivism has influenced a much more reticent approach to international case law than would normally be expected from this region in the world.
Legal Representation of Victims before the icc: Developments, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Suprun Dmytro
Published: November 2016

Different models of participation and legal representation of victims have been explored to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the participation of victims in proceedings before the International Criminal Court (icc). This contribution shows that when deciding on a model of legal representation of victims to be put in place, the major issue should be not about who should be appointed the legal representative of victims – counsel with the Office of Public Counsel for Victims or external counsel – but first and foremost about the rights, interests and needs of the victims.
Victims’ Participation in icc Proceedings: Challenges Ahead
Authors: Walleyn Luc
Published: November 2016

This article discusses ideas and strategies concerning the organization of the legal representation of victims in proceedings before the International Criminal Court (icc). Based on the practical experience of the author and not on legal theory, it concludes that seventeen years after the adoption of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, meaningful representation of victims remains a crucial challenge.
Lawyering in the Hague: An Introduction to the Roles of Counsel Practising at the icc
Authors: O. Raimondo Fabián
Published: November 2016

This article identifies and describes the roles that counsel in independent practice may play at the International Criminal Court (icc), as well as the rules governing the criteria to be met by counsel to be included in the List of Counsel and the appointment of counsel. It also seeks to identify legal issues concerning the roles, qualifications, and appointment of counsel that may deserve further consideration and study. In the light of the law and practice of the icc, the article concludes that counsel may play at least four different roles in icc proceedings, and that the meaning of the term counsel in the law and practice of the icc lacks precision, which in turn may create problems as regards the applicability of certain legal instruments to certain categories of counsel practising at the icc.
Defence Counsel Ethics, the icc Code of Conduct and Establishing a Bar Association for icc List Counsel
Authors: Karnavas Michael G.
Published: November 2016

Defence counsel are ethically bound to zealously represent their clients. So what exactly does it mean to ‘zealously represent’ a client before any of the international criminal courts or tribunals? How unproblematic is it for defence counsel to meet their ethical duties? Would an International Criminal Court (icc) Bar or professional association for icc List Counsel and their assistants be of any significance to that end? This contribution concludes that the only way forward out of the prevailing and persistent morass List Counsel currently find themselves in at the icc, is through the establishment of a Bar Association for List Counsel and their assistants.
Early Strata of Śaivism in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Mirnig Nina
Published: November 2016

The Sanskrit liṅga pedestal inscriptions produced in the Kathmandu Valley during the Licchavi period between 466 and 645 CE are the earliest dated sources for local Śaiva religious activities. This article aims at a comprehensive survey and analysis of this group of inscriptions, examining (1) their material aspects and locations, (2) donative patterns and related social and economic features, such as the prominent agency of merchants and women of high rank, and (3) religious concepts linked to the spiritual and soteriological reasons for establishing the liṅgas, as expressed in the donative formulas. In addition, these formulas will be compared to contemporaneous prescriptive literature (e.g. the Śivadharmaśāstra) as well as to Buddhist donative practices. As will be shown, the Pashupatinath temple emerged as a key site in the propagation and shaping of liṅga worship, with the accumulation of wealth and related socio-religious activities contributing to the appearance of local Pāśupata groups and the elevation of Pashupatinath’s status to that of a national shrine.
The Birth of the Amateur
Authors: Taylor Paul
Published: November 2016

Between the 16th and the 19th centuries the concept of “the amateur” shifted in sense. At the beginning of the period it referred to lovers, either of people or things, but by the end it had come to refer to non-professionals and dilettantes. This article traces the change in the word’s meaning, arguing that the shift of sense took place due to economic developments in the art trade. During the course of the seventeenth century the modern art market emerged, in which purchasers acquired art works through a network of dealers, without making contact with artists. This new anonymity of exchange led to resentment on the part of some artists and writers about art, who introduced a distinction between art lovers – amateurs – who knew nothing of art, and art knowers – connoisseurs – who were thought qualified to judge.
Miroblatta baai, a new very large cockroach species from caves of Borneo (Blattaria: Blaberidae)
Authors: GRANDCOLAS PHILIPPE , DEHARVENG LOUIS
Published: November 2016

A new species of the genus Miroblatta Shelford, 1906 is described from caves of Borneo in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This new species, M. baai sp. nov., is similar to the epigean species M. petrophila Shelford, 1906 also found in Borneo. It differs by a larger adult size, longer legs, shorter wings, longer pronotum showing a remarkable central bulbous structure, lighter colouration and genital morphology (especially sclerite L1 shape). The genital morphology as well as morphological evidence for ovoviviparity confirm that the genus belongs to the family Blaberidae, subfamily Epilamprinae. Contrary to its epigean relative M. petrophila, this new species has been found exclusively in karstic caves of the same underground river system and these occurrences as well as the elongated legs and reduced eyes allow one to assume that this is a truly troglobitic species, so far the first one recorded in the family Blaberidae.
Two new genera of fossil palaeontinids from the Middle Jurassic in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Hemiptera, Palaeontinidae)
Authors: WANG YING , REN DONG
Published: November 2016

In this paper two new genera and three new species of Palaeontinidae are described: Quadraticossus gen.nov., containing two new species, Q. fangi and Q. longicaulis; Hamicossus laevis gen. et sp. nov. These two new genera are established based on both complete forewings and hind wings. All of them were collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation at Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia. The type specimens are deposited in the College of Life Science, Capital Normal University.
New records of Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Brazil
Authors: GIL-SANTANA HÉLCIO R.
Published: November 2016

New occurrences of Reduviidae from Brazil are recorded for the first time: Ectrichodiinae: Borgmeierina dentata  Wygodzinsky, Parapothea jaguaris Carpintero (new genera records); Harpactorinae: Aristathlus imperatorius Bergroth,  Aristathlus regalis Bergroth (new genus record), Notocyrtus foveatus Stål, Orbella tricolor Maldonado, Sosius foliaceus  Champion; Reduviinae: Zelurus salyavatoides Lent & Wygodzinsky; Saicinae: Tagalis seminigra Champion; Stenopodainae:  Achillas toulgoeti Bérenger (new genus record).
Revision of the South American genus Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Teleostei: Characidae) with description of four new species
Authors: SILVA GABRIEL S. C. , MELO BRUNO F. , OLIVEIRA CLAUDIO , BENINE RICARDO C.
Published: November 2016

The systematics of the characid genus Tetragonopterus is reviewed based on morphological and molecular data of specimens from its entire geographical range encompassing all major South American river drainages from Orinoco basin southward to the La Plata basin. Eight previously described species (T. anostomus, T. araguaiensis, T. argenteus, T. carvalhoi, T. chalceus, T. denticulatus, T. georgiae n. comb., and T. rarus) are recognized as valid, four of which are redescribed (T. argenteus, T. chalceus, T. georgiae, and T. rarus), and four new species from the Brazilian Shield in the Amazon and São Francisco river basins are herein described. We also provide evidence for the reallocation of Moenkhausia georgiae into Tetragonopterus and recognize T. akamai as junior synonym of T. anostomus. DNA barcodes of Tetragonopterus revealed genetic support for each recognized species and provided valuable population-level information within T. argenteus, T. chalceus, T. georgiae, and T. rarus.
Remarkable diversity of the genus Endonura Cassagnau, 1979 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in the Caucasus
Authors: SMOLIS ADRIAN , KUZNETSOVA NATALIYA
Published: November 2016

Endonura alticola (Stach, 1951) comb. nov. is redescribed based on the type material and seven new species of the genus Endonura are described from the various parts of the Caucasus. E. paracantabrica sp. nov. can be recognized by the number of chaetae (L+So) on head and a fusion of tubercles Di and De on the first thoracic segment. Specific traits of E. aibgai sp. nov. include small body size, low number of chaetae (L+So) on head, nonogival labrum, dentate claws, and long tibiotarsal chaetae B4 and B5. E. diminutichaeta sp. nov. is characterized by an unusually short chaeta Di1on abdomen IV. E. dobrolyubovae sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by notably long chaeta Ocp on head and the presence of male ventral organ. The absence of chaetae E and O on head, ogival labrum, cryptopygy and dentate claws are typical of E. cryptopyga sp. nov. E. ossetica sp. nov. is most easily recognized by an unusual shape of tubercle Af on head connected with chaetae D and E. Main characteristics of E. kremenitsai sp. nov. include the presence of chaeta E and five chaetae Dl on head. A key to all known species of the genus including the above outlined taxa is given. General remarks on distribution and possible historical biogeography of the genus are also provided.
New species and synonymies in Xenopygus Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini)
Authors: CHATZIMANOLIS STYLIANOS , CARON EDILSON
Published: November 2016

Two species are described as new in Xenopygus, X. davidi sp. n. and X. pycnos sp. n. Dysanellus (Leptodiastemus) excellens Bernhauer is transferred to Xenopygus as X. excellens comb. n. and the subgenus Leptodiastemus syn.n. is placed in synonymy with Xenopygus. Xenopygus sancticamillus Caron and Castro syn. n. is shown to be a junior synonym of X. excellens. Gastrisus punctatus Sharp is transferred to Xenopygus as X. punctatus comb. n. Gastrisus cribrum Fauvel syn. n. and X. petilicolis Caron and Castro syn. n. are shown to be junior synonyms of X. punctatus. Two informal species groups are proposed to accommodate the existing species in Xenopygus and an updated key is provided for the identification of the species.
A new species of long-legged terrestrial Terrapotamon Ng, 1986 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from limestone formations in Satun, southern Thailand
Authors: LHEKNIM VACHIRA , NG PETER K. L.
Published: November 2016

A new species of terrestrial potamid crab, Terrapotamon longitarsus, is described from limestone hills in Satun Province in southern Thailand. It is easily distinguished from other Terrapotamon species by its conspicuously long ambulatory legs (all congeners have proportionately short legs), relatively smooth dorsal surface of carapace, transversely narrow male thoracic sternites 1–4, and a characteristically structured male first gonopod.
A new leaf-galling Holopothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and the structural alterations on Myrcia retorta (Myrtaceae)
Authors: JORGE NINA CASTRO , CAVALLERI ADRIANO , BEDETTI CIBELE SOUZA , ISAIAS ROSY MARY DOS SANTOS
Published: November 2016

Holopothrips striatus sp. n. is described inducing leaf-galls on Myrcia retorta (Myrtaceae) in Southern Brazil. The thrips is one of the few species of Holopothrips known to have the metanotum with striate rather than reticulate sculpture. The galls are green with brownish spots, and are characterised by a mix of folding and rolling of the leaf lamina upwards.
Barsine deliciosa, a new species from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , ČERNÝ KAREL
Published: November 2016

A new Lithosiini species, Barsine deliciosa Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. is described from North China, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. A diagnostic comparison is made with Barsine flammealis Moore, 1878, Barsine linga Moore, 1859, Barsine delicia Swinhoe, 1891, Barsine conicornutata (Holloway, 1982), Barsine lucibilis Swinhoe, 1892 and Barsine striata (Bremer et Grey, 1852). Adults, male and female genitalia of the new, related and externally close species are illustrated.
Laying the Foundation: Preparing the Field of Business and Society for Investigating the Relationship Between Business and Inequality
Authors: Marens Richard
Published: November 2016

With the growth in income inequality now regarded as a crucial social issue, business and society scholars need to prepare themselves for the ambitious task of studying how corporate practices, intentionally or not, contribute to this trend. This article offers starting points for scholars wishing to explore this topic but lacking the necessary background for doing so. First, it offers suggestions as to finding the extant empirical work necessary for informed analysis. This is followed by an examination of alternate methods of theory construction relevant to this topic, which transcend the limitations of the experimental science model of theory building. It then provides an example of a social science theory that exemplifies how empirically informed open theory can illuminate the dynamics behind growing inequality. The article concludes by suggesting that progress in this area requires embracing the spirit of earlier approaches to business and society scholarship while abandoning some outdated assumptions.
Is Corporate Political Activity a Field?
Authors: Schuler Douglas A. , Rehbein Kathleen , Green Colby D.
Published: November 2016

This article focuses upon answering the following question: Does corporate political activity (CPA) stand as an academic field? Following Hambrick and Chen, we consider three elements of the emergence of an academic field—differentiation, mobilization, and legitimacy. Utilizing a variety of data sources, we find CPA to be well differentiated from other academic fields; to have undertaken a number of activities to mobilize CPA as a field, but short of large-scale unification; and to have earned low to moderate legitimacy within management, but little legitimacy outside of management. All in all, at this time, CPA does not squarely meet the elements necessary to emerge as a field.
Moral Reasoning and Its Connections With Machiavellianism and Authoritarianism: The Critical Roles of Index Choice and Utilization
Authors: Mudrack Peter E. , Mason E. Sharon
Published: November 2016

Moral reasoning typically relates unexpectedly weakly with both Machiavellianism and authoritarianism. Although researchers often explain this by pointing to apparent shortcomings in both the construct and the measure of moral reasoning, such explanations are questionable given the many instances of support for hypotheses involving moral reasoning using the same construct and measure. As these latter cannot only sometimes be flawed, we explored the possible influence of moral reasoning index choice on observed results by using multiple indices available in the Defining Issues Test (DIT). In a sample of 201 employed persons surveyed in 1998, with results reported for the first time, advanced moral reasoners tended to be neither Machiavellian nor authoritarian. However, the specific moral reasoning index employed was critical to detecting these hypothesized inverse relationships. Specifically, we proposed (and determined) that currently unavailable D scores would be the relevant index for examining inverse relationships with Machiavellianism and that P scores would be most appropriate in the context of inverse relationships with authoritarianism, particularly among persons inclined to utilize their characteristic moral reasoning (assessed with U scores). We extrapolate the conceptual logic underpinning such relationships, and suggest that appropriate index choice flows from this logic and is essential to hypothesis testing across a broad array of constructs. Future research could adopt this logic to examine relationships involving constructs with implications similar to those found in Machiavellianism and authoritarianism.
Party Representatives’ Adaptation to Election Results: Dyadic Responsiveness Revisited
Authors: Butler Daniel M. , Naurin Elin , Öhberg Patrik
Published: November 2016

Politicians’ dual responsibilities to respect their party and also be responsive to their constituents is surprisingly lacking in studies of representation. How do politicians—especially those who function in strong-party systems—individually respond to their constituents’ preferences? We make use of an original, large-scale survey of politicians and the recent success of the Sweden Democrats in the elections in Sweden to show that important adaptation takes place within the party structure. Individual politicians are responsive to signals about voters’ preferences, and they act on these signals by internally lobbying their party leaders to change the party’s positions in the direction of their constituents’ preferences. These results provide a rationale for why niche parties invest in elections even if they are unlikely to enter government: Their electoral successes can cause change in other parties. The results also add a new angle to the discussion of how anti-immigration parties affect mainstream parties, a hotly debated issue in many advanced democracies.
On the Effects of International Support to Peace and Democracy in Kenya and Kyrgyzstan in the Aftermath of Interethnic Violence
Authors: Fiedler Charlotte
Published: November 2016

This article shows that the international community can have a decisive impact on peace and democracy in a country, based on a paired comparison of Kenya and Kyrgyzstan. Both countries have experienced similar political trajectories, amongst them a struggle to consolidate peace and democracy after outbreaks of major interethnic violence, but show varying degrees of international influence on these processes. Analyzing several critical junctures in the two countries’ peace and democratization process through over 80 interviews reveals that although crucial international impact is rare, it is possible if donors jointly pursue a political agenda that connects to a home-grown process.
A Randomized Trial of the Effectiveness of Using Incentives to Reinforce Parolee Attendance in Community Addiction Treatment
Authors: Hall Elizabeth A. , Prendergast Michael L. , Warda Umme
Published: November 2016

This study was a randomized effectiveness trial of the use of incentives to improve treatment retention and post-treatment outcomes among parolees in community treatment. Parolees entering community treatment were randomized to incentives ( N = 104) or brief education ( N = 98). It was hypothesized that the use of incentives to increase treatment retention would result in improved post-treatment outcomes (i.e., arrest, employment, and drug use), but at 18 months post-intake, there were no group differences for any outcome. In secondary analyses, rearrest by 18 months post-intake was predicted by substance use, greater number or severity of psychological symptoms, treatment non-completion, unemployment, and younger age. Contrary to expectations, results indicated that participants who received incentives for attendance had arrest, employment, and drug use outcomes similar to those who received a brief education session. Our findings, in concert with those of several other researchers, suggest that there may be certain populations or settings where incentives may not be effective.
Longitudinal Predictions of Depression Symptoms Using the Activation and Avoidance Subscales of the Japanese Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale-Short Form
Authors: Shudo Yusuke , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Sakai Makoto
Published: November 2016

The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale-Short Form (BADS-SF) is a questionnaire containing two subscales: Activation and Avoidance and was developed to measure changes in client behavior over the course of behavioral activation therapy. This study examines whether the subscales of the Japanese BADS-SF predict the future development of depression. Japanese university students ( N = 129) completed the BADS-SF and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at the baseline and second test conducted eight weeks later, with no intervention in between. Multiple regression analyses revealed that baseline avoidance scores predicted the scores of CES-D during the second test, after controlling for baseline CES-D and the other BADS-SF subscale scores, but the relationship of the Activation subscale with the CES-D scores was not significant. Therefore, the results indicate that the avoidance scale predicts the occurrence of symptoms of depression.
Statins and the cholesterol mortality paradox
Authors: Nunes José Pedro L
Published: November 2016

Large-scale randomised controlled trials, carried out in the context of secondary cardiovascular prevention, have shown that statins are superior to placebo: these drugs were shown to decrease cardiovascular events and total mortality. A further set of clinical trials compared high intensity to low/standard intensity LDL cholesterol lowering in the same setting (using either statins or a statin/ezetimibe association). In this case, a decrease in LDL cholesterol and a concomitant significant reduction in cardiovascular events were seen with intensive therapy, however with no change in total mortality. This phenomenon we may term the LDL cholesterol mortality paradox. It could be due either to the prevention (by high-intensity therapy) of episodes not severe enough to lead to the death of patients, or to high-intensity therapy leading to the death of some patients at the same time as preventing the death of others, with a null aggregate effect. Several types of adverse effects have been seen with statin therapy, such as a possible increased incidence of Diabetes mellitus and of myopathy. The decision to start high-intensity LDL cholesterol lowering (rather than low- or moderate-intensity statin treatment) should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the overall aspects of each patient, including the patient’s preferences. High-intensity LDL cholesterol lowering, up to the present moment, has failed to produce a change in overall prognosis (total mortality), and should not therefore be mandatory in secondary cardiovascular prevention. It remains to be seen if a similar LDL cholesterol mortality paradox occurs with new drugs targeting plasma lipids.
Does College Enrollment and Bachelor’s Completion by Mothers Impact Children’s Educational Outcomes?
Authors: Monaghan David
Published: November 2016

Today, many undergraduates are themselves raising children. But does college-going by parents improve their offspring’s educational attainment? I address this question using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth–1979 and linked Children and Young Adults Survey. I first model postnatal college enrollment and bachelor’s completion by mothers and use predicted probabilities to minimize selection bias through inverse probability of treatment weighting. I then estimate the impact of maternal college enrollment and attainment on offspring’s likelihood of graduating from high school, enrolling in college, and completing a four-year degree. I find sizeable effects of maternal college completion on all outcomes, but the impact of maternal enrollment without completion is considerably muted. I review implications for sociological research and policies to assist nontraditional students.
Natural Mentors, Racial Pride, and Academic Engagement Among Black Adolescents
Authors: Wittrup Audrey R. , Hussain Saida B. , Albright Jamie N. , Hurd Noelle M. , Varner Fatima A. , Mattis Jacqueline S.
Published: November 2016

The current study examined the potential of relational closeness in the natural mentoring relationships (NMRs) of Black students to counter and protect against the noxious effects of school-based discrimination on academic engagement. The study sample included 663 Black students between the ages of 12 and 19 ( M = 14.96 years, SD = 1.81 years), all reporting a natural mentor. Approximately half of participants were female (53%). Participants were recruited from three different school districts in a Midwestern metropolitan area. Findings indicated that perceived school-based discrimination was negatively associated with academic engagement. Relational closeness in NMRs countered, but did not protect against, the negative effects of perceived school-based discrimination on students’ academic engagement. Additional analyses indicated that one mechanism through which relational closeness in NMRs may promote greater academic engagement among Black students is via increased racial pride. Results highlight the potential of NMRs to counter messages of inferiority communicated through discriminatory experiences in the school. Fostering relational closeness between Black students and supportive non-parental adults in their lives may be an effective strategy to boost academic achievement among Black youth experiencing discrimination in the school environment. In addition to fostering stronger bonds with natural mentors, strategic efforts to reduce school-based discrimination are needed to truly bolster the academic success of Black youth.
Justice meets justification: Women’s need for holistic ministry in world mission
Authors: Warner Shawna , Dzubinski Leanne M , Wood Sarah , Martin Colleen
Published: November 2016

Missiology continues to be a male-dominated field, despite the fact that the majority of mission practitioners are women. Christian female scholar-practitioners have unique insights into issues facing women in contexts around the world that can be best met through holistic ministry; however, the voices of women scholar-practitioners are often overlooked due to muted group theory and unconscious gender bias. The honor–shame worldview that permeates many societies creates conditions that are especially challenging for women. This article presents the findings of field research and interviews conducted by female scholar-practitioners in MENA, Thailand, and Indonesia, highlighting women’s concerns in those specific contexts. We discuss three issues common across these regions, including gendered expectations, educational opportunities, and geographical challenges. Implications for mission practitioners as well as for future research are discussed.
Is per capita energy use stationary? Time series evidence for the EMU countries
Authors: Magazzino Cosimo
Published: November 2016

This study examines the stationary properties of per capita energy use in the 19 Eurozone member countries by using annual data over 1960–2013 period. We utilize the Clemente et al. unit root test that determines structural breaks. Empirical results show that most of the country series does not reject the unit root null hypothesis at the 5% significance level, both in the case of additive outlier and of innovative outlier. Therefore, our empirical findings provide significant evidence that energy use is nonstationary in almost all Eurozone countries. For the policy makers, it is necessary to pay attention to energy use series.
Mental Health Symptoms and Parenting Among Father-Only and Dual Substance Use Disorder Couples
Authors: Kelley Michelle L. , Bravo Adrian J. , Braitman Abby L. , Price Rebecca A. , White Tyler D.
Published: November 2016

In the present study, we examined associations between fathers’ and mothers’ mental health symptoms as related to their own and their partner’s parenting in couples in which fathers ( n = 38 families) or both partners ( n = 30 families) had substance use disorder. Each partner reported on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility; children reported on each parent’s parenting behaviors, including acceptance, psychological control, and knowledge of children. Actor–partner interdependence models indicated that when substance-abusing fathers have more symptoms of anxiety and depression, nonsubstance-abusing mothers report greater knowledge of children, whereas nonsubstance-abusing mothers’ mental health symptoms were related to less paternal knowledge of children. In dual substance use disorder couples, mothers’ depressive symptoms were associated with more paternal knowledge of children. These preliminary findings offer select support for family systems theory.
Gender, Marital Status, and Mental Health: A Test of the Sex Role Hypothesis in India
Authors: Strohschein Lisa , Ram Usha
Published: November 2016

Received wisdom says marriage correlates with better health, but men derive a greater benefit than do women. These perceptions persist even though the latter, known as the sex role hypothesis, no longer receives unqualified support. Some researchers attribute declining evidence for the sex role hypothesis to greater gender equality. Such arguments, however, may best apply to Western, developed countries where gains in women’s status have been largest. To date, few researchers have explored these issues in non-Western, developing countries. This study is the first to explore sex-specific differences in the association between marital status and mental health in India, a country with high levels of gender inequality. Data come from the Youth in India Situation and Needs survey, with analysis restricted to 19,163 young adults aged 20 to 24. Results from negative binomial regression models supported the sex role hypothesis. The implications of these findings are discussed.
City regionalism as geopolitical processes
Authors: Jonas Andrew E.G. , Moisio Sami
Published: November 2016

This article sets out a new conceptual framework for investigating how city regionalism is constituted as a variegated set of geopolitical processes operating within and beyond the national state. Our approach highlights: (1) the different forms of territorial politics through which city regionalism is conjoined with broader visions of the national state; (2) the material and territorial arrangements which support such a conjuncture; and (3) the political actors enabling city regionalism and the national state to come together within a geopolitical frame of reference.