bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Schlieren Optical Visualization Basics Technique and the Principle
Authors: Samsudin Dahrum , Manshoor Bukhari , Anuar M.D. , Othman M.S. , Khalid Amir
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a schlieren optical visualization technique and its application in observation of the changes of intensity in real images. Schlieren optical visualization technique system is the unique technique because it produces a neutral image easily-interpretable image of refractive-index-gradient fields. The schlieren technique remains to be one of the most powerful techniques to visualize the flow and useful as a tool in order to observe the flow characteristics, fuel-air mixing, spray evaporation and flame development. The schlieren system provides a method to viewing the flow through the transparent media. This paper present the basics technique of schlieren system especially for Z-type and two mirror schlieren system. This optical visualization photography together with digital video camera will capture the detail spray evaporation, mixture formation and flame process.
Experimental Investigation of Standard Handling and Storage Duration on Fuel Properties, Appearance, Burning Process and Emissions of Biodegradable Alternative Fuel
Authors: Azman Norazwan , Manshoor Bukhari , Samsudin Dahrum , Khalid Amir
Published: July 2015

Concern shortage and limited of petroleum, bio-fuels or also known as alternative fuel offer an advantage in order to sustain in long terms and economical. This renewable source is a good offer as an improvement attempt of automobile fuel and burner combustion. The main issue in using biodegradable alternative fuel such as vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. Thus, this study investigated the effects of different kind of biodegradable alternative fuel tested at variant in storage ambient condition under different storage duration. These tests were performed on the biodegradable alternative fuel such crude palm oil (CPO), and waste cooking oil (WCO) with different of ambient temperature and variant of blending ratio. The biodegradable fuel samples were stored in clinical compartment, at different temperatures and were monitored at regular interval over a period of 60 days. Blending of biodiesel was varied from 5vol% ~ 15vol% and storage temperature from 5°C~33°C. The effects of ambient temperature and storage duration on properties of biodegradable fuel such as density, kinematics viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point of biodiesel were discussed in detail. Analysis of this study showed that the different storage duration gave a significant effect toward the changes of water content; acid value and viscosity. As a conclusion, a long period of storage would decrease the quality of biodiesel no matter what kind of condition and environment is exposed to.
A Review on Knock Phenomena in CNG-Diesel Dual Fuel System
Authors: Zulkifli Fathul Hakim , Fawzi Mas , Osman Shahrul Azmir
Published: July 2015

The compressed natural gas (CNG) – diesel dual fuel engine is discussed through their basic operation and its characteristic. The main problem of running a diesel engine on dual fuel mode with CNG as main fuel is addressed. A brief review of knock phenomena which is widely associated with a dual fuel engine is also covered. Methods to suppress onset knock were suggested.
Modeling of Common Rail System and Constant Volume Chamber in Biodiesel Combustion: A Review
Authors: Ramsy Him , Khalid Amir , Andsaler Adiba Rhaodah , Jaat M.
Published: July 2015

Among the challenges faced by diesel engines combustion nowadays are to reduce emission especially Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and Particular Matter (PM) while enhancing fuel efficiency and power. The purpose of this review is to explore the mixture formation of biodiesel combustion using constant volume chamber and optical visualization. This paper will review the development of a single-shot combustion system and constant volume chamber. An overview of the relation of mixture formation and combustion process in diesel combustion is provided first. This review has shown that the application of Rapid compression Machine (RCM) is used to simulate actual condition especially the injection pressure and air motion. The review also found that the mixing between fuel and air is unavoidable and very important during ignition delay period thus predominantly influences the exhaust emission. The detailed behaviour of injection characteristic that strongly effects the mixture formation especially the spray evaporation and spray interference are discussed.Keywords: Rapid Compression Machine; Ignition Delay; Nozzle; Injection System; Air Motion; Ambient
The Production and Comparison of Fuel Properties on Biodiesel with Alternative Fuel: A Review
Authors: Azman Norazwan , Manshoor Bukhari , Khalid Amir
Published: July 2015

The energy is the most of the human existence. Consumption fossil fuels has grown substantially and consumption the energy sources that is seen as having a major environmental impacts. Diminution world oil reserves and increasing environmental concern have induced found alternative and renewable energy resources called biodiesel. Biodiesel fuel from the vegetable oil, regarded as of the best candidate for the substitute diesel fuel in diesel engines because of the characteristics closer. The application of biodiesel has shown a positive impact in resolving these issues. This paper introduces some type of alternative fuel whose oils are potential sources of biodiesel. These types are crude palm oil (CPO), straight vegetable oil (SVO), waste cooking oil (WCO) and Jatrophacurcas (JPO). From the review, fuel properties are found to considerablyareon density, viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point. In conclusion, a long period of storage will reduce the quality of biodiesel does not matter what kind of conditions and environments that are exposed to. However, the rate of degradation of biodiesel can be slow if the right circumstances and environment provided.
Analysis of Emulsified Renewable Fuel Injector in Burner Combustion: An Overview
Authors: Suardi Mirnah , Azman Norazwan , Samsudin Dahrum , Mansor Norani , Khalid Amir
Published: July 2015

The use of energy and natural resources being increase due to the growth of economy and world population. One of the natural resources is being consumed heavily is diesel for transportation and burner combustion. However, the major product results from the combustions of diesel are NOx and PM emissions. This review paper focuses on the influences of the emulsified renewable biodiesel fuel such as crude palm oil and waste cooking oil with the concept fuel-air-water internally rapid mixing injector for the open burner system. Water is introduced directly into the combustion field. The concept of rapid mixing from biodiesel and water are controlling of the combustion process in order to minimize the emissions. The water content in the emulsified biodiesel fuels effectively in the reduction of NOx emissions especially the high blending biodiesel. Moreover, emulsion technology significantly reduced particulate matter (PM) emissions as compared to the standard biodiesel fuel combustion. The parameters include equivalent ratio, water content in biodiesel-water, and spray characteristics such as spray penetration, spray angle and spray area.
Aerodynamic Analysis on Proton Preve by Experimental
Authors: Musa Mohamad Nor , Syahrullail Samion , Abidin Fairuz Zainal
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study is to determine the coefficient drag, CD of the Proton PREVẾ by experimental method using Low Speed Wind Tunnel. All the relevant data are collected through the literature reviews from books and journals. First, the basic thing in aerodynamic is studied. There are two things are concern when studies aerodynamics. They were air flow and vehicle shape which we regard as aerodynamics factor that determine aerodynamic of the vehicle. Fundamental of air flow and vehicle shape is reviewed includes the relationship between air speed with pressure, boundary layer, Reynolds number, drag, lift drag and shape optimization. Wind tunnel is also studied before the experiment. Five selected speed were been tasted during the experiment to determine the CD value.
A Review Paper on Simulation and Modeling of Combustion Characteristics under High Ambient and High Injection of Biodiesel Combustion
Authors: Andsaler Adiba Rhaodah , Khalid Amir , Ramsy Him , Jaat Norrizam
Published: July 2015

This paper describes simulation of combustion characteristics under high ambient and high injection of biodiesel combustion by using CFD simulation. Diesel engine performance and emissions is strongly couple with fuel atomization and spray processes, which in turn are strongly influenced by injector flow dynamics. The principal objective of this research is to seek the effect of temperature and pressure on the spray characteristics, as well as fuel-air mixing characteristics. Experiments were performed in a constant volume chamber at specified ambient gas temperature and pressure. This research was continued with injecting diesel fuel into the chamber using a Bosch common rail system. Direct photography technique with a digital camera was used to clarify the real images of spray pattern, liquid length and vapor penetration. The method of the simulation of real phenomenon of diesel combustion with optical access rapid compression machine is also reviewed and experimental results are presented. The liquid phase of the spray reaches a maximum penetration distance soon after the start of injection, while the vapor phase of the spray continues to penetrate downstream. The condition to which the fuel is affected was estimated by combining information on the block temperature, ambient temperature and photographs of the spray. The increases in ambient pressure inside the chamber resulting in gain of spray area and wider spray angle. Thus predominantly promotes for a better fuel-air mixing. All of the experiments will be conducted and run by using CFD. The simulation will show in the form of images.
Effect of Nozzle Angle to Combustion Characteristic in Biodiesel Burner
Authors: Lambosi Latip , Khalid Amir , Manshoor Bukhari , Hisyam Shahrin , Hao Lo Kok
Published: July 2015

The increasing effort on the environmental impacts of fossil fuel based power generation has led to increased research with the aim of reducing emissions and improving combustion efficiency by turning to alternative fuel such as biodiesel. But the hazardous emission caused by biodiesel is still a problem that need to tackle. One of way to achieve this is by choosing the correct nozzle characteristic. In the current study, the effect of nozzle angle on mixture formation and combustion characteristic are investigate using air-assisted fuel atomizing biodiesel burner. The nozzle angle that was used are θ = 450 and 500. The results show with nozzle 450 produce lower spray penetration, but higher spray angle and spray area compare to nozzle 500. The result are similar on flame development. For the emission characteristic, the Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydro Carbon (HC) emission had a strong reduction by using nozzle with 450 angle compare to 500 angle.
Study and Analysis by Numerical Simulation of a Solar Continuous Adsorption Chiller
Authors: Gomri Rabah , Mebarki Billel
Published: July 2015

Environment and energy problems over the world have motivated researchers to develop energy systems more sustainable, having as one of the possible alternative the use of solar energy as source for cooling systems. Adsorption refrigeration systems are regarded as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional vapour compression refrigeration systems, since they can use refrigerants that do not contribute to ozone layer depletion and global warming. In this paper a performance comparison between a solar continuous adsorption cooling system without mass recovery process and solar continuous adsorption cooling system with mass recovery process is carried out. Silica-Gel as adsorbent and water as refrigerant are selected. The results show that the adsorption refrigeration machine driven by solar energy can operate effectively during four months and is able to produce cold continuously along the 24 hours of the day. The importance of the mass recovery is proved in this study by increasing the coefficient of performance and the cooling capacity produced. For the same cooling capacity produced, the required number of solar collectors with mass recovery system is lower than the required number of solar collectors in the case of the refrigeration unit without mass recovery. For the same cooling capacity the system with mass recovery process allowed lower generation temperature.
Effects of Sn Dopant on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Route
Authors: Malek Mohd Firdaus , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Md Sin Nor Diyana , Rusop M.
Published: July 2015

Tin doped zinc oxide (Sn:ZnO) thin films were prepared on glass substrates via sol-gel dip-coating technique starting from zinc acetate dehydrate, (CH3CO2)2Zn⋅2H2O and tin chloride, SnCl2. The consequences of various Sn doping on the behavior of the film was investigated. The atomic percentages of dopant in ZnO-based solution were [Sn4+]/[Zn2+] which is between 0% and 4%. The thin films were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer.
The Fabrication of PSi/ZnO Nanostructures as Chemical Sensors for the Detection of Ethanol in Solution Using an Electrochemical Impedance Technique
Authors: Husairi F.S. , Eswar K. , Atikah Z.N. , Azlinda A. , Rusop M. , Abdullah S.
Published: July 2015

In this work, porous silicon (PSi) was prepared by electrochemical etching and used as a template for ZnO nanostructures. ZnO nanostructures were grown using the catalytic immersion method at different molar ratio concentrations of the precursor and stabilizer. The ZnO nanostructures were analyzed using FESEM and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry, before tested with ethanol solution. The population of the ZnO nanostructures on PSi increased with the concentration and followed the surface morphology of PSi. The photoluminescence spectra of ZnO show two dominant peaks in the UV and visible regions. When the concentration of the precursor increased, the PL peaks in the visible region (630 nm) shifted towards the blue region of the spectrum. The PSi/ZnO nanostructure chemical sensor has a large surface area, reversing sensor and fast response in ethanol. The performance of the sensor was affected by the morphology and defect structures of the ZnO nanostructures layer.
Effect of Annealing Time of TiO2 Thin Film Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Deposition Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Application
Authors: Khalid Noor Sakinah , Ishak Siti Harwani , Ahmad Mohd Khairul
Published: July 2015

Titanium oxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by spray pyrolysis method. The thin films were deposited at three different annealing time; 1, 5 and 10 hours at 400°C. The structural and electrical properties were characterized using FESEM and I-V characteristic. Polycrystalline thin film with anatase crystal structure, as evidenced from X-ray diffraction pattern, was obtained with major reflection along (101). Electrical properties have been studied by means of electrical resistivity. The dark resistivity had been measured as a function of the film thickness, d. The resistivity of samples had been found to decrease with decreasing thickness. Thus, TiO2 is one of the most promising candidates for relatively low cost, simple manufacture for solar cell.
Influence of Oxygen Flow Rate on the Characteristics of the Tungsten Oxide Using RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Abdullah S.A. , Nafarizal Nayan , Sahdan Mohd Zainizan
Published: July 2015

—Tungsten Oxide (WO3) thin films were deposited using 99.9% pure tungsten target onto ITO substrate using RF magnetron sputtering in the range oxygen flow rates of 30-50%. The influence of the oxygen flow rate on characteristic of WO3 thin films has been investigated. The transmittance, resistivity, crystallite, roughness, and surface morphology were measured by UV-Vis, 2-point probe, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) respectively. Experimental result showed that the deposition rate of WO3 thin films decreased by increasing oxygen flow rate. A poor crystalinity or more too amorphous of WO3 thin films produces by using various oxygen content. A higher optical transmittance spectrum detected at 30% oxygen content about 86% at wavelength 550nm. Keywords—TungstenOxide(WO3);RFsputtering,sputteringoxygen
Effect of Deposition Time on the Electrodeposited n-Cu2O Thin Film
Authors: Mohd Hanif Asyikin Sasha , Azmal Siti Aisyah , Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Mohamad Fariza
Published: July 2015

This work demonstrates the fabrication of Cu2O thin film onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate via electrodeposition method which was conducted in a solution containing copper (II) acetate monohydrate and lactic acid. While varying the deposition time ranging up to 80 minutes, the solution was kept constant at solution temperature of 40°C, solution pH 6.5 and current density-0.3 mA/cm2. The characteristics of electrodeposited Cu2O were investigated via x-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), current-voltage (I-V) test and surface profiler. The XRD results showed the intensity peak of Cu2O corresponded to reflection (111) increased when the deposition time increased. The topological characteristics from AFM characterization showed the increment of surface roughness decreased as the time increased from 5 to 60 minutes. However, the surface roughness decreased when the time reached 70 and 80 minutes. I-V characteristics of all electrodeposited Cu2O showed Ohmic behaviours indicating the successful fabrication of n-Cu2O thin film. From this study, the significant effect of deposition time of Cu2O was clearly observed and plays an important role in providing mechanism growth of the film.
Surface Morphology and Electrical Properties of FTO (Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide) with Different Precursor Solution for Transparent Conducting Oxide
Authors: Mohd Napi Muhammad Luqman , Seng Ng Kim , Ahmad Mohd Khairul
Published: July 2015

Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) thin film was prepared by using two different precursor solutions which are tin (ii) chloride dihydrate and tin (iv) chloride pentahydrate. These two precursors are used in spray pyrolysis process to prepare the fluorine doped tin oxide thin film. Surface Morphology of the thin film was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). FESEM image shows the particle distribution and the morphology of fluorine doped tin oxide thin film. Two point probe I-V measurement and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to study the electrical and optical properties of both films. Both precursors produced different particles distribution, electrical properties and also optical properties. The results show that the sheet resistance (Rs) of fluorine doped SnO2 is about 49.24×106Ω for tin (iv) chloride pentahydrate compared to 43.03×1012Ω for tin (ii) chloride dihydrate
Fabrication of Intrinsic Zinc Oxide-Coated, Aluminium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorod Array-Based Ultraviolet Photoconductive Sensors
Authors: Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Malek Mohd Firdaus , Hafizah N.N. , Md Sin Nor Diyana , Saurdi I. , Suriani A.B. , Nafarizal Nayan , Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Rouhi Jalal , Rusop Mohamad
Published: July 2015

Fabrication and performance of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM)–type intrinsic zinc oxide-coated, aluminium-doped ZnO nanorod array-based ultraviolet photoconductive sensors were reported and discussed. The Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays were prepared using sonicated sol-gel immersion method. The coating process of intrinsic ZnO onto Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays was performed using radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at different deposition times varying from 0 to 10 min. We observed that responsivity of the sensors decreased with increasing intrinsic ZnO deposition time, decreasing from 4.81 A/W without coating to 1.37 A/W after 10 min of coating. Interestingly, the sensitivity of the sensors improved with intrinsic ZnO coating, having a maximum value of 19.0 after 1 min coating.
Influence of Oxygen Flow Rate on Sputter Deposition Rate and SEM Image of Copper Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Nafarizal Nayan , Low Jia Wei , Sahdan Mohd Zainizan , Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Md Shakaff Ali Yeon , Ammar Zakaria , Ahmad Faizal Mohd Zain
Published: July 2015

Recently, copper oxide thin film has been studied because of its low cost, sensitivity to ambient condition and easiness to produce oxide thin film. It is one of the p-type semiconductor oxides materials that are suitable to be used as gas sensing material. In order to improve the sensitivity and to optimize the properties of copper oxide thin film, it is essential to study the physical structure of copper oxide. In current studies, copper oxide thin film has been deposited by RF magnetron sputtering at different substrate bias voltages and oxygen flow rates. The results reveal that the deposition rate decreased when the oxygen flow rate above 4 sccm. SEM image reveal that nanostructure copper oxide was also obtained when the oxygen flow rate was above 4 sccm. On the other hand, no significant effect on the substrate bias voltage toward the sputter deposition rate was observed.
Review on Immobilization of Nanoparticles for Fabrication of Glucose Biosensor
Authors: Anuar N.F.S. , Misran Halina , Manap Abreeza , Othman S.Z.
Published: July 2015

Glucose biosensor has been improvised from time to time in order to provide fast and accurate detection of glucose concentration especially for diabetic patients. Recently, nanoparticles have rising attention engaging with biosensor application. Nanoparticles serve as the carrier of enzyme immobilization whereas; enzyme is a biological catalyst that reacts with specific substrate in metabolic reaction. Glucose oxidase (GOx) in particular, is the most common enzyme used for fabrication of biosensor. Glucose measurement was done by using amperometric measurement that converted corresponding biochemical reaction between glucose and GOx into electrical output. Response behavior studies were conducted in order to compare the successfulness of GOx immobilization onto GOx-biosensor. Immobilization of glucose oxidase onto nanoparticles can lead towards tremendous impacts especially in new, high sensitivity biosensor.
Preparation of Cobalt Doped DSC Using Spray Pyrolysis Deposition (SPD) Technique
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Murakami Kenji
Published: July 2015

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) has been prepared using Cobalt doped Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). The preparation of Cobalt doped TiO2 were done using spray pyrolysis method. Cobalt doped TiO2 thin film were annealed at 500 °C for 3hours and the effects of Cobalt as a dopant, towards the surface morphology and structural properties have been studied. Finally, I-V measurement of DSSC was done under illumination of AM 1.5 and 100mW/cm2.
Optical Properties and Raman Scattering Investigation of Ag Doped ZnO Thin Film Prepared by Two-Step Solution-Based Deposition Method
Authors: Afaah A.N. , Asib N.A.M. , Aziz Aadila , Mohamed Ruziana , Eswar Kevin Alvin , Rusop M. , Khusaimi Zuraida
Published: July 2015

Mist-atomization deposition method was applied in order to grow ZnO nanoparticles on Au-seeded glass substrates acting as seeded template. Ag doped ZnO thin films were deposited on ZnO seeded templates by solution-immersion method. The influence of Ag doping content on the optical and Raman scattering properties of ZnO films were systematically investigated by UV-Vis transmittance measurement measured by ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Raman scattering spectrum measured by Raman spectroscopy under room temperature. From UV-Vis transmittance measurement, the incorporation of Ag dopant to the ZnO makes the transmittance wavelength shifted to the shorter wavelength as compared to the pure ZnO. From Raman spectra, 4 cm-1 downshift is observed in Ag-doped thin films as compared to pure ZnO thin films. This Raman peak shift shows that a tensile stress existed in the Ag-doped ZnO film.
Uniform Deposition of Titanium Dioxide Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
Authors: Rahim M.S. , Sahdan Mohd Zainizan , Lias Jais
Published: July 2015

Titanium is a lightweight metal with an outstanding combination of properties which make it the material of choice for many different applications. This paper investigates the structure, surface characteristics and electrical properties of the Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) thin ﬁlm, deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The deposition temperature was 1000°C with 3 different positions of the glass substrates. The surface morphologies were examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and an atomic force microscopy (AFM). In order to investigate the structural properties, the TiO2thickness was measured using a surface profiler. The optical properties of TiO2were measured using an ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The surface morphology was found to be sensitive to the deposition parameters and the growth TiO2is more uniform when the position of substrate is closed to the starting material.
Optimization in MATLAB for Cardiac Excitation Modeling towards FPGA Standalone Simulation Tools
Authors: Adon Nur Atiqah , Mahmud Fahanahani , Jabbar Mohamad Hairol , Othman Norliza
Published: July 2015

In past few decades, most of the modern electrophysiological concepts and methods were developed by the computational technique extensively to compute the cardiac action potential in nerve cells. Thus, tissue models consisting of a large number of single cell models cause a problem in the amount of computation required to obtain meaningful results from simulations. One of the solutions to this problem is by implementing the simulation through hardware modeling using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Here, a research on developing a real-time simulation tool responsible for reentrant excitations in a ring of cardiac tissue based on the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model has been carried out by using a Xilinx Virtex-6 XC6VLX240T ML605 development board FPGA. In order to invest some of the time savings for creating the FPGA prototype, rapid prototyping method introduced by MathWorks which are MATLAB Simulink and its HDL Coder toolbox have been used to automate the algorithm design process by converting Simulink blocks into Hardware Description Language (HDL) code for the FPGA using a fixed-point data type in discrete-time framework. In this paper, the method and the optimization of the HDL design through the MATLAB Simulink have been discussed and the FPGA hardware performance in terms of speed, area and power consumption has also been analyzed.
A Review of Ergonomic Tools and Apparatus for the Ageing Population
Authors: Lee Darren Kai Shen , Ng Poh Kiat , Jee Kian Siong , Tan Yue Hang , Leong Mei Ping
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a review of ergonomic garden tools and kitchen apparatus for the ageing population. The purpose of this review is to enable the ageing population to carry out daily activities in the garden and in the kitchen in a less strenuous manner. First, a general review was made on the ergonomic aspect of the garden tool known as Appel Spade. Another review on the ergonomic aspect of the kitchen apparatus was done on the Eggcurate Digital Kitchen Scale. With these reviews, both ergonomic advantages and disadvantages of the Appel Spade and Eggcurate Digital Kitchen Scale are highlighted and then tabulated. Based on the reviews, recommendations are proposed for future potential enhancements in terms of the ergonomic aspects to provide the ageing population a more comfortable experience using these tools and apparatus.
An Efficient Approach to Processing Massive RFID Data in Supply Chain
Authors: Mahdin Hairulnizam , Md Fudzee Mohd Farhan , Ramli Azizul Azhar , Salamat Mohamad Aizi , Kasim Shahreen
Published: July 2015

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is widely used to track and trace objects in supply chain management. However, massive uncertain data produced by RFID readers are not suitable for directly use in RFID applications. This is due to repetitive readings which are unnecessary because it contains only the same information. Thus, an approach to remove repetitive readings in supply chain is paramount to minimize massive data storage that could affect query performances. We propose a simplified approach, which is suitable for a wide range of application scenarios. Experimental evaluations show that our approach is effective and efficient in terms of the removing duplicate readings and compressing the massive data significantly.
Conceptual Model of Contractor Satisfaction in the Industrialized Building System (IBS) Implementation
Authors: Yunus Riduan , Masrom Md. Asrul Nasid , Abdullah Abd Halid , Mustakim Fajaruddin
Published: July 2015

Most construction projects have been recognized as underperformance due to the increase numbers of delays, cost overruns and poor quality construction. The inability of contractors to meet clients’ expectation has been found as one of the main causes that contribute to the project failure. Alternatively, key players are encouraged to shift from the conventional method towards Industrialized Building System (IBS). Also known as prefabrication, previous researchers proved that IBS is able to minimize on-site works and increase the building quality in a controlled environment. However, the take up rate of IBS in Malaysian construction industry is still low as compared to developed countries basically due to incapability of contractors in mastering an advanced technology and their negative perceptions in IBS implementation. In addition, a limited subjective performance measurement, particularly to evaluate contractors' satisfaction level in implementing the IBS construction is still neglected. This is a review paper for an on-going research in examining contractor satisfaction levels on the IBS implementation and its attributes. The measurements are based on contractor perception instead of the typical approaches that solely concerned with objective measures (time, cost and quality). As a result, several attributes that integrate sustainability elements (economical, environmental, social, and institutional factors) are also determined. These attributes are then developed through systematic analysis to enhance the ability of IBS in improving contractors’ satisfaction. The developed framework is expected to help the project team in performing IBS projects more efficiently, ensuring the quality meet the standards and encouraging effective communication between participants. Moreover, the findings will be useful to assist contractors in enhancing competitiveness, increase company reputation and improve project deliveries to meet global challenges.
Frequent Route Map for Transit Users in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Md Isa Hazril , Ismail S.M. Sabri S.M. , Ahmad Tajedi Noor Aqilah
Published: July 2015

—Public transit has gained significant attention among Malaysian citizens for the past few years. The increase in the number of private vehicles on the road leads to massive traffic jam especially during peak hours, thus causing them to consider switching towards public transit. Our mission in Prasarana Malaysia Berhad is to ensure that people can get stress-free experience while using public transports. One of the elements that contribute towards stress-free experience is passenger information system. In this paper, an alternative method to channel transit information to passenger is proposed that is by using frequent route map (FRM). In FRM, the frequency schedule of public bus is presented graphically on the GIS. The lower the operation frequency, the thinner the route line on the map will be and vice versa. As a result, the frequency schedule-GIS combination has made it easier for viewer to both identify the service availability and frequency. Keywords—publictransport;passengerinformationsystem;routemap;journeyplanner
A Review of China's Technological Developments in the 20th Century
Authors: Leong Mei Ping , Ng Poh Kiat , Jee Kian Siong , Tan Yue Hang , Lee Darren Kai Shen
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a review of China’s technological development in the 20th century. The purpose of the review is to study the major technological inventions achieved by China in the 20th century that has brought significant impact to China’s technological development. In the 20th century, China has made great achievements in the field of space technology and also atomic energy. In space technology, China launched its very first satellite, Dong Fang1 (DFH1) (translated as Red East 1) and continued to improvise it in terms of performance in the field of spaceflight technology. In the same century, China also explored the area of atomic energy by building its very first nuclear-powered submarine, Chang Zheng 1 (translated as Long March 1). These technological developments achieved in the 20th century allowed China to be a step ahead of many other countries towards the advancement of technology. It is hoped that this review on China's influential role in the technological developments of the 20th century can be used as a useful references for other countries that wish to embark upon rapid and progressive technological developments.
Design of Robot Head for Expression of Human Emotion
Authors: Ali Fariz , Jun Goh Wei
Published: July 2015

Humanoid robot is a type of robot which designed in human-form with the purpose to increase the quality of human life. The key features of humanoid robot are to perform human-like behaviours and to undergo effective interaction with human-operator. Facial expressions play an important role in natural human-robot communication as human communication in daily life relies on face-to-face communication. The purpose of this study was to develop an interactive robot head that able to express six basic human emotions based on Ekman’s model which are joy, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise and fear. The combination of action units based on different control point on robot head was proposed in this study. The new robot head provided with 11-DoFs to perform different expression in human-like way. A survey was conducted on twelve sets of emotion design drawn by using Solidworks. Evaluation had been done on each design for its expression ability and the best design of emotion to implement on the robot head was obtained in the end of survey. Hardware experiment was conducted to control the LCD display and position of servo motor by using Arduino Leonardo as the controller for the robot head system. Additionally, a keypad controller was designed to control the expression of robot head based on the control from user. The controller is connected with LCD display to show the name of facial expression for the learning purpose of autism children. This project focus on the performance test of robot head in term of position accuracy for the 11 actuators used in robot head construction. The result shows that the relative position error for each robot head parts was less than 10% and thus robot head able to perform the emotion effectively. The survey on the recognition rate for each emotion expression was conducted individually to 100 respondents. The recognition rate obtained for the six emotions express by robot head was more than 70%.
Building Information Modeling (BIM): Exploring Level of Development (LOD) in Construction Projects
Authors: Latiffi Aryani Ahmad , Brahim Juliana , Mohd Suzila , Fathi Mohamad Syazli
Published: July 2015

Level of Development (LOD) is a protocol exhibit to address the basic guidelines of Building Information Modeling (BIM). The basic guidelines were created to identify specific content requirements, authorize use and purpose. LOD identifies how much information is known about a model at a given time. The use of LOD is to reduce the problems due to inadequate information needed in projects. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the implementation of LOD in projects using BIM in the Malaysian construction industry. In order to do so, a literature review was carried out to identify basic guidelines of the LOD specification. In addition to this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with BIM consultants from the public and private sector. The findings revealed that the implementation of LOD in Malaysia is varied with its own purpose. From the use of LOD, it helps construction players to get the information that they can be used.
Application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the Malaysian Construction Industry: A Story of the First Government Project
Authors: Latiffi Aryani Ahmad , Mohd Suzila , Brahim Juliana
Published: July 2015

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is currently being used by the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry in Malaysia. It has been introduced by the Director of Public Works Department (PWD) in 2007 to reduce construction costs and avoid design problems. BIM utilization in construction can detect any clash analysis during the design stage, improves efficiency of project scheduling, reduce costs and ensure high quality of the project as well as facilitate communication among construction players. Since it has been introduced by the PWD, several projects have been constructed and being constructed using BIM and one of the project is The National Cancer Institute (NCI). The project is owned by the Malaysian government. This paper discusses the application of BIM in the project, the first project launched by the Malaysian government. A literature review was conducted to explore previous BIM studies on the history of BIM, benefits and importance, barriers and challenges as well as existing BIM projects in the Malaysian construction industry. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews were carried out with the client, consultant and contractor involved in the project. The interviews results reveal necessities and benefits of implementing BIM in completing the project. BIM is necessary for construction because its implementation can increase project quality. It is useful in assisting construction players to complete projects successfully. The results provide clear evidence of the effectiveness of implementing BIM in government projects. This paper can serve as a reference for critical studies of developing a strategy approach model for BIM implementation in the Malaysian construction industry.
Floor Dynamic Assessment on Laboratory due to Ground Borne Vibrations Using ModalV Analysis from Passing Vehicles
Authors: Tuan Chik Tuan Norhayati , Yabi Shurl , Yusoff Nor Azizi , Mohamed Mohd Hanif , Wan Ibrahim Mohd Haziman , Ghazali Mohd Imran
Published: July 2015

High-tech development on laboratory with high resolution and sensitive device is increased nowadays. This equipment requires very sensitive location to accommodate in a special room, because it may cause improper functioning for a certain devise which required low level of vibration. Due to this problem, the aim of this study are to perform the structural response on two story laboratory subjected to ground vibration input due to traffics and to assess the level of vibration at the floor. The vibrations input are measured by using portable equipment called Laser Doppler Vibrometer. The field measurement is done at the laboratory Block E, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). Finite element ANSYS software is fully utilized to model the building structure and perform analysis in order to determine structural modal and transient analysis for the building. Time history response from ANSYS post-processing is transferred into ModalV analysis in MATLAB software in order to evaluate the vibration criteria level of the floor according to specific overseas guideline. It was found that the vibration response on the middle slab of the first floor at level Vibration Criteria, VC-A or maximum particle velocity level at 50μm/s. Vibration Criteria (VC) curve analysis on floor slab indicated the highest vibration will occur at the middle of floor slab and the lowest vibration will occur at the edge of slab which near the column and below VC-E level for ground floor slab.
A Review on Abandoned Construction Projects: Causes & Effects
Authors: V. Doraisamy Sunitha , Akasha Zainal Abidin , Yunus Riduan
Published: July 2015

In some countries quite a number of construction projects that are either not completed or out rightly abandoned. This paper is an overview on abandoned construction projects, and the causes and effects due to the formidable situation relating to this issue. This was conducted referring to the studies and findings in the thesis and journals on abandoned projects. Few probable causes and effects are identified from various researchers based on studies conducted by them on this issue. It is found that most of the studies on the related matter was conducted mainly using questionnaires and also by conducting interviews with the relevant parties. There were various probable causes and implications that was identified from the studies and analysis that was carried out, which does not differ much from one another, and in fact some have suggested the mitigation measures for this issue. After reviewing the research and studies that has been conducted on the issue of abandoned projects, as a conclusion, it is notable to have a more thorough investigation on the existing problem up to this date and look into the whole issue from different aspects in depth.
Car Driving Behaviour on Road Curves: A Study Case in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Authors: Rohani Munzilah Md , Buhari Rosnawati , David Daniel Basil , Prestijo Joewono , Ambak Kamaruddin , Abd Sukor Norsabahiah , Hasan Sitti Asmah
Published: July 2015

The World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that in 2020, road accidents will become the third cause of deaths in the world. Several factors contribute to road accidents, among them are human error, speeding, irregularities in road design and period of driving (either nighttime or daytime). In road design, horizontal curves are of particular interest to the designer, given that accidents are very likely to occur at such locations if drivers lose control of their vehicles due to inappropriate speed choices. This study was conducted to investigate the variation of driving behaviour on horizontal curves. The test car was fitted with a Global Positioning System (GPS) device and driven by 30 participants. The research findings show that drivers’ choice of speed varies while approaching horizontal curve, on the curve and just after leaving the curve. Apart from this, although drivers were found to have driven at a slightly higher speed during daytime compare to evening driving, however the difference was not significant. A comparison between genders also revealed that female and male drivers drive at similar speed behaviour
Study on the Stability of the Bearing Capacity of Wedge Connected Scaffold
Authors: Zhou Shi Hui , Dong Guo , Li Zheng Ji
Published: July 2015

Experimental data obtained from full-scale experiments determines the stiffness of wedge connected of scaffold.A finite element model is developed using semi-rigid scaffold node mode.And a reasonable combination of longitudinal span,transverse span and step distance is obtained.The results accords with the relevant standard of vertical load.It provides a theoretical support for the application of wedge connected scaffold.Additionally,the study explores the safety height of the wedge connected scaffold with or without bridging.It provides a theoretical basis for technical regulations.
Analysis of Design Features for Inspection Robot Make Use of Concrete Structures - An Assessment
Authors: Nallusamy S. , Prabu N. Manikanda , Jayaprakash J. , Rajan K.
Published: July 2015

The presence of Robots in all engineering industries and commercial applications is tremendously growing day by day. Considering this there is a need to implement the robotic principles, which cannot be applicable to the human beings directly. One of the essential areas that lead to complications is maintenance and inspection of large vertical structures with autonomous systems; still it is an unsolved problem for the people doing research on this area. It is a challenge for mobile robots to climb a vertical wall primarily due to requirements for reliable locomotion, high maneuverability, and robust and efficient attachment and detachment. A large number of different robots exist which are able to navigate on buildings, ship hulls or other human-made structures, but most of these systems are practically limited to special situations or applications. It may be due to the design or physical factor that has been considered during the design of robotic system. While considering these issues a lot of researches state various principles and design aspects for maintenance and inspection purposes. Based on these facts, this article discusses the different methods for climbing robots and points out specifically the recent adhesion method for concrete vertical wall climbing. It also discusses about the design characteristics, practical challenges against the execution on vertical structures and suitable valid fields.
Dispersion, Characterization and Uptake of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Epithelial Cells
Authors: Sinha Shruti , Kosaraju Karshak , Aravamudhan Shyam
Published: July 2015

Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) have a great potential for microelectronics, optics and in biomedical applications (e.g. as nanoelectrodes for neural stimulation and functional scaffolds for tissue engineering). In order to understand the interactions of MWCNTs with the human body on a whole, it is important to know how they interact with the cells. In this study, we dispersed the MWCNTs with anionic surfactant, characterized the properties of dispersed MWCNTs, and then evaluated the uptake of MWCNTs by A549 lung epithelial cells using Confocal Raman spectroscopy.
Comparative Study of AFM and FESEM for Imaging the Single Cell of Escherichia Coli Bacteria
Authors: Ibrahim Kamarulazizi , Khalid Mohammad Hafiz , Eisa Mohamed Hassan , Najimudin Mohd Nazalan , Al Rajhi Mohammad A. , Idriss Hajo
Published: July 2015

In this work, a comparative study using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission–scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has been carried out to assess the morphology of single cellEscherichia colibacteria (E-coli).E-colibacteria are a major concern for public health. Attention was focused on the certain strains ofE-colibacteria, because some strains can be toxic and cause food poisoning. TheE-colibacteria have attracted much research interest because this bacterium is easily to get, cheap and rapid reproductively. Imaging ofE-colirecently, was improved by using high resolution microscopy. Current techniques for detection such as, AFM and FESEM has attracted great interest and emerging as a potentially powerful whole-organism fingerprinting tool for the rapid identification of bacteria. The obtained results of AFM and FESEM techniques have been compared to show the image quality of single cellE-coli.