bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into the 9 December 2019 eruption of Whakaari/White Island from analysis of TROPOMI SO
2
imagery
Authors: Burton Mike , Hayer Catherine , Miller Craig , Christenson Bruce
Published: June 2021

Insights into the 9 December 2019 eruption of Whakaari/White Island from analysis of TROPOMI SO
2
imagery.
Predicting future from past: The genomic basis of recurrent and rapid stickleback evolution
Authors: Roberts Kingman Garrett A. , Vyas Deven N. , Jones Felicity C. , Brady Shannon D. , Chen Heidi I. , Reid Kerry , Milhaven Mark , Bertino Thomas S. , Aguirre Windsor E. , Heins David C. , von Hippel Frank A. , Park Peter J. , Kirch Melanie , Absher Devin M. , Myers Richard M. , Di Palma Federica , Bell Michael A. , Kingsley David M. , Veeramah Krishna R.
Published: June 2021

We perform an extensive genomic analysis of freshwater adaption in threespine stickleback to predict evolution in other species.
Activation of mTORC1 at late endosomes misdirects T cell fate decision in older individuals
Authors: Jin Jun , Kim Chulwoo , Xia Qiong , Gould Timothy M. , Cao Wenqiang , Zhang Huimin , Li Xuanying , Weiskopf Daniela , Grifoni Alba , Sette Alessandro , Weyand Cornelia M. , Goronzy Jorg J.
Published: June 2021

Sustained activation of mTORC1 at late endosomes in primary CD4
+
T cell responses of older individuals impairs T helper cell function.
Supplemental Material: Quaternary sodic and potassic intraplate volcanism in northeast China controlled by the underlying heterogeneous lithospheric structures
Authors: Fan Xingli , Chen Qi-fu , al. et
Published: June 2021

Details on the data source, seismic tomography methods, and synthetic tests, including Figures S1–S12 and Table S1.
Visual acuity outcomes after cataract surgery in type 2 diabetes: the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study
Authors: Lee Debora , Agron Elvira , Keenan Tiarnan , Lovato James , Ambrosius Walter , Chew Emily Y
Published: June 2021

Aims

To evaluate visual acuity (VA) outcomes of cataract surgery, and factors associated with good visual outcomes, among a population with diabetes.

Methods

Participants with type 2 diabetes enrolled in The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study and ACCORD-eye substudy. 1136 eyes of 784 ACCORD participants receiving cataract surgery during follow-up (2001–2014) were included. Of these, 362 eyes had fundus photographs gradable for diabetic retinopathy. The main outcome measure was the achievement of postoperative VA of 20/40 or better.

Results

In the sample of 1136 eyes, 762 eyes (67.1%) achieved good visual outcome of 20/40 or better. Factors predictive of good visual outcome were higher level of educational attainment (college vs some high school, OR 2.35 (95% CI 1.44 to 3.82)), bilateral cataract surgery (OR 1.55 (1.14 to 2.10)) and preoperative VA (20/20 or better vs worse than 20/200, OR 10.59 (4.07 to 27.54)). Factors not significantly associated (p>0.05) included age, sex, race, smoking, diabetes duration, blood pressure, lipid levels and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). In the subsample of 362 eyes, absence of diabetic retinopathy was associated with good visual outcome (OR 1.73 (1.02 to 2.94)).

Conclusion

Among individuals with diabetes, two-thirds of eyes achieved good visual outcome after cataract surgery. Notable factors associated with visual outcome included preoperative VA and diabetic retinopathy, but not HbA1C, underscoring that while certain ocular measures may help evaluate visual potential, systemic parameters may not be as valuable. Sociodemographic factors might also be important considerations. Although the current visual prognosis after cataract surgery is usually favourable, certain factors still limit the visual potential in those with diabetes.
Multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial factors contributing to return to running and running related stress urinary incontinence in postpartum women
Authors: Moore Isabel S , James Megan L , Brockwell Emma , Perkins Joanna , Jones Alex L , Donnelly Gráinne M
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To examine contributory factors behind postpartum return-to-running and return to pre-pregnancy running level, in addition to risk factors for postpartum running-related stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods

881 postpartum women completed an online questionnaire. Clinically and empirically derived questions were created relating to running experiences and multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial contributory factors. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors for return-to-running, returning to pre-pregnancy level of running and running-related SUI.

Results

Median time to first postpartum run was 12 weeks. Running during pregnancy (OR: 2.81 (1.90 to 4.15)), a high weekly running volume (OR: 1.79 (1.22 to 2.63)), lower fear of movement (OR: 0.53 (0.43 to 0.64)) and not suffering vaginal heaviness (OR: 0.52 (0.35–0.76)) increased the odds of return-to-running. Factors that increased the odds of returning to pre-pregnancy running level were a low weekly running volume (OR: 0.38 (0.26 to 0.56)), having more than one child (OR: 2.09 (1.43 to 3.05)), lower fear of movement (OR: 0.78 (0.65 to 0.94)), being younger (OR: 0.79 (0.65 to 0.96)) and shorter time to running after childbirth (OR: 0.74 (0.60 to 0.90)). Risk factors for running-related SUI were having returned to running (OR: 2.70 (1.51 to 4.76)) and suffering running-related SUI pre-pregnancy (OR: 4.01 (2.05 to 7.82)) and during pregnancy (OR: 4.49 (2.86 to 7.06)); having a caesarean delivery decreased the odds (OR: 0.39 (0.23 to 0.65)).

Conclusion

Running during pregnancy may assist women safely return-to-running postpartum. Fear of movement, the sensation of vaginal heaviness and running-related SUI before or during pregnancy should be addressed early by healthcare providers.
Health systems strengthening to arrest the global disability burden: empirical development of prioritised components for a global strategy for improving musculoskeletal health
Authors: Briggs Andrew M , Huckel Schneider Carmen , Slater Helen , Jordan Joanne E , Parambath Sarika , Young James J , Sharma Saurab , Kopansky-Giles Deborah , Mishrra Swatee , Akesson Kristina E , Ali Nuzhat , Belton Joletta , Betteridge Neil , Blyth Fiona M , Brown Richard , Debere Demelash , Dreinhöfer Karsten E , Finucane Laura , Foster Helen E , Gimigliano Francesca , Haldeman Scott , Haq Syed A , Horgan Ben , Jain Anil , Joshipura Manjul , Kalla Asgar A , Lothe Jakob , Matsuda Shuichi , Mobasheri Ali , Mwaniki Lillian , Nordin Margareta C , Pattison Marilyn , Reis Felipe J J , Soriano Enrique R , Tick Heather , Waddell James , Wiek Dieter , Woolf Anthony D , March Lyn
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Despite the profound burden of disease, a strategic global response to optimise musculoskeletal (MSK) health and guide national-level health systems strengthening priorities remains absent. Auspiced by the Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health (G-MUSC), we aimed to empirically derive requisite priorities and components of a strategic response to guide global and national-level action on MSK health.

Methods

Design: mixed-methods, three-phase design.

Phase 1: qualitative study with international key informants (KIs), including patient representatives and people with lived experience. KIs characterised the contemporary landscape for MSK health and priorities for a global strategic response.

Phase 2: scoping review of national health policies to identify contemporary MSK policy trends and foci.

Phase 3: informed by phases 1–2, was a global eDelphi where multisectoral panellists rated and iterated a framework of priorities and detailed components/actions.

Results

Phase 1: 31 KIs representing 25 organisations were sampled from 20 countries (40% low and middle income (LMIC)). Inductively derived themes were used to construct a logic model to underpin latter phases, consisting of five guiding principles, eight strategic priority areas and seven accelerators for action.

Phase 2: of the 165 documents identified, 41 (24.8%) from 22 countries (88% high-income countries) and 2 regions met the inclusion criteria. Eight overarching policy themes, supported by 47 subthemes, were derived, aligning closely with the logic model.

Phase 3: 674 panellists from 72 countries (46% LMICs) participated in round 1 and 439 (65%) in round 2 of the eDelphi. Fifty-nine components were retained with 10 (17%) identified as essential for health systems. 97.6% and 94.8% agreed or strongly agreed the framework was valuable and credible, respectively, for health systems strengthening.

Conclusion

An empirically derived framework, co-designed and strongly supported by multisectoral stakeholders, can now be used as a blueprint for global and country-level responses to improve MSK health and prioritise system strengthening initiatives.
S100A4 enhances protumor macrophage polarization by control of PPAR-γ-dependent induction of fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Liu Shuangqing , Zhang Huilei , Li Yanan , Zhang Yana , Bian Yangyang , Zeng Yanqiong , Yao Xiaohan , Wan Jiajia , Chen Xu , Li Jianru , Wang Zhaoqing , Qin Zhihai
Published: June 2021

Background

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ)-dependent upregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) mediates protumor (also known as M2-like) polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). However, upstream factors determining PPAR-γ upregulation in TAM protumor polarization are not fully identified. S100A4 plays crucial roles in promotion of cancer malignancy and mitochondrial metabolism. The fact that macrophage-derived S100A4 is major source of extracellular S100A4 suggests that macrophages contain a high abundance of intracellular S100A4. However, whether intracellular S100A4 in macrophages also contributes to cancer malignancy by enabling TAMs to acquire M2-like protumor activity remains unknown.

Methods

Growth of tumor cells was evaluated in murine tumor models. TAMs were isolated from the tumor grafts in whole-body S100A4-knockout (KO), macrophage-specific S100A4-KO and transgenic S100A4WT−EGFP mice (expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the S100A4 promoter). In vitro induction of macrophage M2 polarization was conducted by interleukin 4 (IL-4) stimulation. RNA-sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and mass spectrometry were used to determine macrophage phenotype. Exogenous and endogenous FAO, FA uptake and measurement of lipid content were used to analyze macrophage metabolism.

Results

TAMs contain two subsets based on whether they express S100A4 or not and that S100A4+ subsets display protumor phenotypes. S100A4 can be induced by IL-4, an M2 activator of macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, S100A4 controls the upregulation of PPAR-γ, a transcription factor required for FAO induction during TAM protumor polarization. In S100A4+ TAMs, PPAR-γ mainly upregulates CD36, a FA transporter, to enhance FA absorption as well as FAO. In contrast, S100A4-deficient TAMs exhibited decreased protumor activity because of failure in PPAR-γ upregulation-dependent FAO induction.

Conclusions

We find that macrophagic S100A4 enhances protumor macrophage polarization as a determinant of PPAR-γ-dependent FAO induction. Accordingly, our findings provide an insight into the general mechanisms of TAM polarization toward protumor phenotypes. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that targeting macrophagic S100A4 may be a potential strategy to prevent TAMs from re-differentiation toward a protumor phenotype.
Pericardial disease in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Gong Jingyi , Drobni Zsofia Dora , Zafar Amna , Quinaglia Thiago , Hartmann Sarah , Gilman Hannah K , Raghu Vineet K , Gongora Carlos , Sise Meghan E , Alvi Raza M , Zubiri Leyre , Nohria Anju , Sullivan Ryan , Reynolds Kerry L , Zlotoff Daniel , Neilan Tomas G
Published: June 2021

Background

There are limited data on the occurrence, associations and outcomes of pericardial effusions and pericarditis on or after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods

This was a retrospective study at a single academic center that compared 2842 consecutive patients who received ICIs with 2699 age- and cancer-type matched patients with metastatic disease who did not receive ICI. A pericardial event was defined as a composite outcome of pericarditis and new or worsening moderate or large pericardial effusion. The endpoints were obtained through chart review and were blindly adjudicated. To identify risk factors associated with a pericardial event, we compared patients who developed an event on an ICI with patients treated with an ICI who did not develop a pericardial event. Cox proportional-hazard model and logistical regression analysis were performed to study the association between ICI use and pericardial disease as well as pericardial disease and mortality. An additional 6-week landmark analysis was performed to account for lead-time bias.

Results

There were 42 pericardial events in the patients treated with ICI (n=2842) over 193 days (IQR: 64–411), yielding an incidence rate of 1.57 events per 100 person-years. There was a more than fourfold increase in risk of pericarditis or a pericardial effusion among patients on an ICI compared with controls not treated with ICI after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 4.37, 95% CI 2.09 to 9.14, p<0.001). Patients who developed pericardial disease while on an ICI had a trend for increased all-cause mortality compared with patients who did not develop a pericardial event (HR 1.53, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.36, p=0.05). When comparing those who developed pericardial disease after ICI treatment with those who did not, a higher dose of corticosteroid pre-ICI (>0.7 mg/kg prednisone) was associated with increased risk of pericardial disease (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.00 to 6.57, p=0.049).

Conclusions

ICI use was associated with an increased risk of development of pericardial disease among patients with cancer and a pericardial event on an ICI was associated with a trend towards increase in mortality.
Cancer environmental immunotherapy: starving tumor cell to death by targeting TGFB on immune cell
Authors: Huang Xing , Zhang Gang , Liang Tingbo
Published: June 2021

The blockage of intersectional communication between tumor and its metabolic and immune microenvironment is now considered a promising solution in treating cancer. Tumors have been identified as a special type of “wounds” that do not heal. Recent studies demonstrate that the lack of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling pathway in CD4+ helper T cells induces the remodeling of the intratumoral vascular tissue, like healing “wounds” in damaged tissues caused by tumor overgrowth, which consequently prevents tumor cells from receiving the required nutrients in their microenvironment. TGFB blockade thereby promotes damaged tissue healing, causing tumor cell death as a result of starvation, ultimately obtaining an effective anticancer immunotherapy immune response. Here, we comment on the TGFB-mediated crosstalk between immune system and nutritional supply, highlighting cancer immunotherapeutic strategies targeting environmental immune-metabolism interplay. Cancer environmental immunotherapy targeting TGFB might therefore become one of the most promising treatment strategies for patients with cancer.
Novel non-terminal tumor sampling procedure using fine needle aspiration supports immuno-oncology biomarker discovery in preclinical mouse models
Authors: Sitnikova Suzanne Isabelle , Munnings-Tomes Sophie , Galvani Elena , Kentner Stacy , Mulgrew Kathy , Rands Chris , España Agustí Judit , Zhang Tianhui , Ilieva Kristina M , Rosignoli Guglielmo , Ghadially Hormas , Robinson Matthew J , Slidel Tim , Wilkinson Robert W , Dovedi Simon J
Published: June 2021

Background

Immuno-oncology therapies are now part of the standard of care for cancer in many indications. However, durable objective responses remain limited to a subset of patients. As such, there is a critical need to identify biomarkers that can predict or enrich for treatment response. So far, the majority of putative biomarkers consist of features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, in preclinical mouse models, the collection of tumor tissue for this type of analysis is a terminal procedure, obviating the ability to directly link potential biomarkers to long-term treatment outcomes.

Methods

To address this, we developed and validated a novel non-terminal tumor sampling method to enable biopsy of the TME in mouse models based on fine needle aspiration.

Results

We show that this technique enables repeated in-life sampling of subcutaneous flank tumors and yields sufficient material to support downstream analyses of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using methods such as flow cytometry and single-cell transcriptomics. Moreover, using this technique we demonstrate that we can link TME biomarkers to treatment response outcomes, which is not possible using the current method of terminal tumor sampling.

Conclusion

Thus, this minimally invasive technique is an important refinement for the pharmacodynamic analysis of the TME facilitating paired evaluation of treatment response biomarkers with outcomes and reducing the number of animals used in preclinical research.
Effects of tobacco smoking on recurrent hospitalisation with pneumonia: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Baskaran Vadsala , Lim Wei Shen , McKeever Tricia M
Published: June 2021

The incidence of and risk factors for recurrent hospitalisation for pneumonia were investigated using data from Hospital Episode Statistics, linked to a UK primary care database. Within 90 days and 1 year of follow-up, 1733 (3.1%) and 5064 (9.0%), developed recurrent pneumonia respectively. Smoking status at the time of hospitalisation with index pneumonia was associated with the risk of readmission with recurrent pneumonia within a year of discharge: current versus never smokers: adjusted subhazard ratio (sHR) 1.42, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.53, p<0.001, and ex smokers versus never smokers: adjusted sHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.34, p<0.001. Other independent risk factors associated with recurrent pneumonia were age, gender, deprivation and underlying comorbidities.
Combining clinical, radiological and genetic approaches to pneumothorax management
Authors: Grimes Hannah L , Holden Simon , Babar Judith , Karia Sumit , Wetscherek Maria TA , Barker Allanah , Herre Jurgen , Knolle Martin D , Maher Eamonn R ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Marciniak Stefan John
Published: June 2021

Familial spontaneous pneumothorax (FSP) accounts for 10% of primary spontaneous pneumothoraces. Appropriate investigation of FSP enables early diagnosis of serious monogenic diseases and the practice of precision medicine. Here, we show that a pneumothorax genetics multidisciplinary team (MDT) can efficiently diagnose a range of syndromic causes of FSP. A sizeable group (73.6%) of clinically unclassifiable FSPs remains. Using whole genome sequencing we demonstrate that most of these cases are not known monogenic disorders. Therefore, clinico-radiological assessment by an MDT has high sensitivity for currently known clinically important monogenic causes of FSP, which has relevance for the design of efficient pneumothorax services.
Diffusive search and trajectories on tubular networks: a propagator approach
Authors: Scott Zubenelgenubi C. , Brown Aidan I. , Mogre Saurabh S. , Westrate Laura M. , Koslover Elena F.
Published: June 2021

Several organelles in eukaryotic cells, including mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, form interconnected tubule networks extending throughout the cell. These tubular networks host many biochemical pathways that rely on proteins diffusively searching through the network to encounter binding partners or localized target regions. Predicting the behavior of such pathways requires a quantitative understanding of how confinement to a reticulated structure modulates reaction kinetics. In this work, we develop both exact analytical methods to compute mean first passage times and efficient kinetic Monte Carlo algorithms to simulate trajectories of particles diffusing in a tubular network. Our approach leverages exact propagator functions for the distribution of transition times between network nodes and allows large simulation time steps determined by the network structure. The methodology is applied to both synthetic planar networks and organelle network structures, demonstrating key general features such as the heterogeneity of search times in different network regions and the functional advantage of broadly distributing target sites throughout the network. The proposed algorithms pave the way for future exploration of the interrelationship between tubular network structure and biomolecular reaction kinetics.

Graphic Abstract
Quantum Dot Gate (QDG) Quantum Dot Channel (QDC) Multistate Logic Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) with High-K Dielectric HfO2 Barriers
Authors: Butterfield N. R. , Mays R. , Khan B. , Gudlavalleti R. , Jain F. C.
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the theory, fabrication and experimental testing results for a multiple state Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), comprised of hafnium oxide high-k dielectric tunnel and gate barriers as well as a Silicon Quantum Dot Superlattice (QDSL) implemented for the floating gate and inversion channel (QDG) and (QDC) respectively. With the conclusion of Moore’s Law for conventional transistor fabrication, regarding the minimum gate size, current efforts in memory cell research and development are focused on bridging the gap between the conventions of the past sixty years and the future of computing. One method of continuing the increasing chip density is to create multistate devices capable of storing and processing additional logic states beyond 1 and 0. Replacing the silicon nitride floating gate of a conventional Flash NVM with QDSL gives rise to minibands that result in greater control over charge levels stored in the QDG and additional intermediate states. Utilizing Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) programming, for the realized device, various magnitudes of gate voltage pulses demonstrated the ability to accurately control the charge levels stored in the QDG. This corresponds to multiple threshold voltage shifts allowing detection of multiple states during read operations.
Modeling of Quantum Dot Channel (QDC) Si FETs at Sub-Kelvin for Multi-State Logic
Authors: Jain F. , Gudlavalleti R. H. , Mays R. , Saman B. , Chandy J. , Heller E.
Published: June 2021

Multi-state room temperature operation of SiOx-cladded Si quantum dots (QD) and GeOx-cladded Ge quantum dot channel (QDC) field-effect transistors (FETs) and spatial wavefunction switched (SWS)-FETs have been experimentally demonstrated. This paper presents simulation of cladded Si and Ge quantum dot channel (QDC) field-effect transistors at 4.2°K and milli-Kelvin temperatures. An array of thin oxide barrier/cladding (∼1nm) on quantum dots forms a quantum dot superlattice (QDSL). A gradual channel approximation model using potential and inversion layer charge density nQM, obtained by the self-consistent solution of the Schrodinger and Poisson’s equations, is shown to predict I-V characteristics up to milli-Kelvin temperatures. Physics-based equivalent circuit models do not work below 53°K. However, they may be improved by adapting parameters derived from quantum simulations. Low-temperature operation improves noise margins in QDC- and SWS-FET based multi-bit logic, which dissipates lower power and comprise of fewer device count. In addition, the role of self-assembled cladded QDs with transfer gate provides a novel pathway to implement qubit processing.
A Novel-Shaped Reduced Size FSS-Based Broadband High Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMAX/WLAN/ISM/X-Band Applications
Authors: Mondal Kalyan
Published: June 2021

In this work, a broadband high gain frequency selective surface (FSS)-based microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The dimensions of the microstrip antenna and proposed FSS are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. A broadband high gain reference antenna has been selected to improve antenna performance. The reference antenna offers 1.2[Formula: see text]GHz bandwidth with 6.03[Formula: see text]dBi peak gain. Some modifications have been done on the patch and ground plane to enhance the bandwidth and gain. The impedance bandwidth of 7.70[Formula: see text]GHz (3.42–11.12[Formula: see text]GHz) with 4.9 dBi peak gain is achieved by the microstrip antenna without FSS. The antenna performance is improved by using FSS beneath the antenna structure. The maximum impedance bandwidth of 7.70[Formula: see text]GHz (3.32–11.02[Formula: see text]GHz) and peak gain of 8.6[Formula: see text]dBi are achieved by the proposed antenna with FSS. Maximum co- and cross-polarization differences are 21[Formula: see text]dB. The simulation and measurement have been done using Ansoft Designer software and vector network analyzer. The measured results are in good parity with the simulated one.
Bifurcation Analysis of a Bounded Rational Duopoly Game with Consumer Surplus
Authors: Zhou Wei , Cao Yinxia , Elsonbaty Amr , Elsadany A. A. , Chu Tong
Published: June 2021

The nonlinear dynamical behaviors of economic models have been extensively examined and still represented a great challenge for economists in recent and future years. A proposed boundedly rational game incorporating consumer surplus is introduced. This paper aims at studying stability and bifurcation types of the presented model. The flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations are analyzed via applying the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. This study helps determine an appropriate choice of decision parameters which have significant influences on the behavior of the game. The duopoly game that is formed by considering bounded rationality and consumer surplus is more realistic than the ordinary duopoly game which only has profit maximization. And then, some numerical simulations are provided to verify the theoretical analysis. Finally, we compare the dynamical behaviors of the built model with that of Bischi–Naimzada model so as to better understand the performance of the duopoly game with consumer surplus.
Analysis of Geometric Invariants for Three Types of Bifurcations in 2D Differential Systems
Authors: Liu Yongjian , Li Chunbiao , Liu Aimin
Published: June 2021

Little is known about bifurcations in two-dimensional (2D) differential systems from the viewpoint of Kosambi–Cartan–Chern (KCC) theory. Based on the KCC geometric invariants, three types of static bifurcations in 2D differential systems, i.e. saddle-node bifurcation, transcritical bifurcation, and pitchfork bifurcation, are discussed in this paper. The dynamics far from fixed points of the systems generating bifurcations are characterized by the deviation curvature and nonlinear connection. In the nonequilibrium region, the nonlinear stability of systems is not simple but involves alternation between stability and instability, even though systems are invariably Jacobi-unstable. The results also indicate that the dynamics in the nonequilibrium region are node-like for three typical static bifurcations.
A Practice-Oriented Bifurcation Analysis for Pulse Energy Converters. Part 5: A View Towards the Future
Authors: Kolokolov Yury , Monovskaya Anna
Published: June 2021

The paper concludes the series of the research works on the interdisciplinary analytical approach (the so-called bifurcation-fractal analytics) to forecast the dynamics of pulse systems on the basis of modified bifurcation diagrams. These diagrams are intended to integrate incompatible-in-traditional-spaces images (mainly transients from the phase space and evolution pictures from the parametric space) in order to analyze whether the running transient converges towards the domain of a desirable behavior taking into account its qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The interdisciplinary context of the analytics appears because the novel mathematical images need physical meaning and further this research should be continued for proposing the expedient engineering decision. Here, the advantages to forecast the evolutionary tendencies in different scales of the modified bifurcation diagrams are illustrated by computer-based simulations. Translations of the mathematical images into their physical implementations follow the principle of the bifurcation poker and the principle of the spatial nonuniformity. The experimental results to verify these principles are presented. Variants of engineering proposals are commented in comparison with traditional abilities of the small-signal design. The results systematized in the paper confirm that fundamental obstacles to forecast abnormal evolutionary changes in the dynamics of pulse energy converters are absent. Prospects of the outcome from the experience accumulated in engineering to similar problem statements independently of a pulse system nature are finally discussed. And the regulatory hypothesis on local climate dynamics is considered in this connection. This discussion is quite suitable here because a local climate system can be described as a converter of the solar energy under a specific pulse control realized by the astronomic forcing and there are circumstances, in which electrotechnical simulations can remain a unique way to accelerate the research on prerequisites and sequels of the forthcoming climate changes. Then the bifurcation-fractal analytics provides an initial theoretical foundation to this research.
Nonlinear Vibration Control for Nanobeam with Time Delay by Field Effect Transistor Sensing
Authors: Liu Canchang , Jiang Ruirui , Li Lei , Zhou Yingchao
Published: June 2021

A vibration control signal sensing method is proposed utilizing the grid electrode displacement sensitive effect of field-effect transistors. The signal sensing method is applied to nonlinear resonance delay control of a nanobeam that is used as the core component of nano–microdevices. The nonlinear vibration dynamical model of the nanobeam based on the field-effect tube sensing is established and the differential equation of motion with time delay control is presented. The amplitude frequency response equation and phase frequency response equation of the nanobeam are obtained by analyzing the first-order approximate solution of the primary and superharmonic vibration of the nonlinear equation with multi-scale method. The vibration feedback gain and time delay can affect the vibration amplitude and nonlinear behavior of the nanobeam. The nonlinear vibration of the nanobeam can be adjusted and effectively controlled by selecting appropriate feedback gains and time delays.
Conservation laws, classical symmetries and exact solutions of a (1 + 1)-dimensional fifth-order integrable equation
Authors: Khalique Chaudry Masood , Simbanefayi Innocent
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we present a study of a fifth-order nonlinear partial differential equation, which was recently introduced in the literature. This equation can be used as a model for bidirectional water waves propagating in a shallow medium. Using elements of an optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras, we perform similarity reductions culminating in analytic solutions. Rational, hyperbolic, power series and elliptic solutions are obtained. Furthermore, by using the multiple exponential function method we obtain one and two soliton solutions. Finally, local and low-order conserved quantities are derived by enlisting the multiplier approach.
POVERTY ALLEVIATION THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES: A FRAMEWORK FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE
Authors: VICKERIE LUTISHA S , MCCULLERS KYLE E , ROBINSON JEFFREY A
Published: June 2021

The traditional macroeconomic approach to poverty alleviation in neighborhoods and communities is to use housing development and job-creation programs to address the income and the opportunity gaps. Entrepreneurship is a much less used poverty alleviation strategy that, in our estimation, can have a significant effect in favorable policy environments. After a brief literature review, we highlight policy approaches that use entrepreneurship as a poverty alleviation strategy. We present several case studies from the United States as evidence of how public policy can empower an entrepreneurial ecosystem to support the self-employed and other low-income entrepreneurs. We conclude with a framework for how public policy can alleviate poverty through entrepreneurship that is generalizable in other contexts.
Is the capital floating from Hong Kong to Mainland China smart?
Authors: He Chengying , Geng Xiaoxu , Pan Binchu
Published: June 2021

This paper uses the methods of portfolio analysis, sharpe ratio, market value size grouping, and asset pricing model to study whether Northbound Capitals are smart funds. The results show that the return rate of Northbound capital outflow of stocks underperforms the index, while the return rate of continuous inflow stocks outperforms the index, and large-scale market capitalization stocks have received the highest returns. Also, this paper finds that the stocks that continue to flow in Northbound Capital have significant excess returns. Therefore, Chinese investors can learn from the investment methods of Northbound Capital to improve their investment level.
A Survey on Visible Light Communication Standards
Authors: Chen Jian , Liu Tian , Shu Tao
Published: June 2021

With the rapid increase of high-fidelity audio, video, and multimedia traffic in the new era of 5G and beyond, the current Wi-Fi solution exhibits more and more limitations. Crowded spectrum is creating realistic bottlenecks in the deployment of Wi-Fi, some of which can be well alleviated by the Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology. High transmission rate, wide bandwidth, no electromagnetic interference, and no health hazards have made Li-Fi an attractive technique for future smallcell communication. The emerging standardization of visible light communication (VLC) facilitates the acceleration of the development of Li-Fi technology and will eventually deliver real-world Li-Fi deployments. This article overviews the recent progress on VLC standardization and presents the mainstream VLC standards created by different standardization organizations.
Deep Compressive Offloading
Authors: Yao Shuochao , Li Jinyang , Liu Dongxin , Wang Tianshi , Liu Shengzhong , Shao Huajie , Abdelzaher Tarek
Published: June 2021

Future mobile and embedded systems will be smarter and more user-friendly. They will perceive the physical environment, understand human context, and interact with end-users in a human-like fashion. Daily objects will be capable of leveraging sensor data to perform complex estimation and recognition tasks, such as recognizing visual inputs, understanding voice commands, tracking objects, and interpreting human actions. This raises important research questions on how to endow low-end embedded and mobile devices with the appearance of intelligence despite their resource limitations.
Optimistically Compressed Hash Tables & Strings in theUSSR
Authors: Gubner Tim , Leis Viktor , Boncz Peter
Published: June 2021

Modern query engines rely heavily on hash tables for query processing. Overall query performance and memory footprint is often determined by how hash tables and the tuples within them are represented. In this work, we propose three complementary techniques to improve this representation: Domain-Guided Prefix Suppression bit-packs keys and values tightly to reduce hash table record width. Optimistic Splitting decomposes values (and operations on them) into (operations on) frequently- and infrequently-accessed value slices. By removing the infrequently-accessed value slices from the hash table record, it improves cache locality. The Unique Strings Self-aligned Region (USSR) accelerates handling frequently occurring strings, which are widespread in real-world data sets, by creating an on-the-fly dictionary of the most frequent strings. This allows executing many string operations with integer logic and reduces memory pressure.

We integrated these techniques into Vectorwise. On the TPC-H benchmark, our approach reduces peak memory consumption by 2-4× and improves performance by up to 1.5×. On a real-world BI workload, we measured a 2× improvement in performance and in micro-benchmarks we observed speedups of up to 25×.
A Central Role for Genetics in Plant Biology
Authors: Koornneef Maarten
Published: June 2021

This article describes my involvement in the development of genetics as an essential tool in the integrated study of plant biology. My research comes from a strong background in plant genetics based on my education as a plant breeder at Wageningen University and collaborations with plant physiologists and molecular geneticists in Wageningen and the wider scientific community. It initially involved the isolation and physiological characterization of mutants defective in biosynthesis or mode of action of plant hormones, photoreceptors and traits such as flowering time in both Arabidopsis and tomato. I also generated a genetic map of Arabidopsis. Subsequently, the exploitation of natural variation became a main area of interest, including the molecular identification of underlying genetic differences. The integration of various disciplines and the adoption of Arabidopsis as a main model species contributed strongly to the impressive progress in our knowledge of plant biology over the past 40 years.
Leaf Shape Diversity: From Genetic Modules to Computational Models
Authors: Bhatia Neha , Runions Adam , Tsiantis Miltos
Published: June 2021

Plant leaves display considerable variation in shape. Here, we introduce key aspects of leaf development, focusing on the morphogenetic basis of leaf shape diversity. We discuss the importance of the genetic control of the amount, duration, and direction of cellular growth for the emergence of leaf form. We highlight how the combined use of live imaging and computational frameworks can help conceptualize how regulated cellular growth is translated into different leaf shapes. In particular, we focus on the morphogenetic differences between simple and complex leaves and how carnivorous plants form three-dimensional insect traps. We discuss how evolution has shaped leaf diversity in the case of complex leaves, by tinkering with organ-wide growth and local growth repression, and in carnivorous plants, by modifying the relative growth of the lower and upper sides of the leaf primordium to create insect-digesting traps.
Climate Finance
Authors: Giglio Stefano , Kelly Bryan , Stroebel Johannes
Published: June 2021

In this article, we review the literature studying interactions between climate change and financial markets. We first discuss various approaches to incorporating climate risk in macrofinance models. We then review the empirical literature that explores the pricing of climate risks across a large number of asset classes, including real estate, equities, and fixed income securities. In this context, we also discuss how investors can use these assets to construct portfolios that hedge against climate risk. We conclude by proposing several promising directions for future research in climate finance.
Role of SNPs in the Biogenesis of Mature miRNAs
Authors: Wang Ying , Ru Jidong , Meng Xianglian , Song Jianhua , Jiang Qingfeng , Li Shengqing , Jiang Jiulei , Li Yi
Published: June 2021

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a significant role in microRNA (miRNA) generation, processing, and function and contribute to multiple phenotypes and diseases. Therefore, whole‐genome analysis of how SNPs affect miRNA maturation mechanisms is important for precision medicine. The present study established an SNP‐associated pre‐miRNA (SNP‐pre‐miRNA) database, named miRSNPBase, and constructed SNP‐pre‐miRNA sequences. We also identified phenotypes and disease biomarker‐associated isoform miRNA (isomiR) based on miRFind, which was developed in our previous study. We identified functional SNPs and isomiRs. We analyzed the biological characteristics of functional SNPs and isomiRs and studied their distribution in different ethnic groups using whole‐genome analysis. Notably, we used individuals from Great Britain (GBR) as examples and identified isomiRs and isomiR‐associated SNPs (iso‐SNPs). We performed sequence alignments of isomiRs and miRNA sequencing data to verify the identified isomiRs and further revealed GBR ethnographic epigenetic dominant biomarkers. The SNP‐pre‐miRNA database consisted of 886 pre‐miRNAs and 2640 SNPs. We analyzed the effects of SNP type, SNP location, and SNP‐mediated free energy change during mature miRNA biogenesis and found that these factors were closely associated to mature miRNA biogenesis. Remarkably, 158 isomiRs were verified in the miRNA sequencing data for the 18 GBR samples. Our results indicated that SNPs affected the mature miRNA processing mechanism and contributed to the production of isomiRs. This mechanism may have important significance for epigenetic changes and diseases.
[Retracted] Optimization of IoT‐Based Sporting Goods Consumer Service Management System
Authors: Yu Lihua , Duan Baobin
Published: June 2021

With the rapid development of computer technology and information industry technology, the use of these technologies has been deeply applied to the management of various industries. Data time‐sharing transmission can solve the problem that the system is not affected by the network; that is, it makes good use of the network and is not bound by the network. Even when the network speed is low or the network is not smooth, the system of each store can run normally, and when the network is smooth, the data will be uploaded in packets and automatically received by the server. The system is well designed with functional modules’ management, including sports goods import and export management, inventory management, membership management, and ledger management. System operation can well solve the coordination work between the head office and stores; the head office can master the operation of each store, check the generated ledger at any time, form statistical reports, and guide the operation status of each store so that the stores can adjust their operation methods and learn from each other at any time. The system network management can make valuable data information aggregated, rather than single data. The head office can make overall data backup promptly to provide good logistic support for each store.
Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robot Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Improved Sliding Mode Variable Structure
Authors: Cen Hua , Singh Bhupesh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Several research studies are conducted based on the control of wheeled mobile robots. Nonholonomy constraints associated with wheeled mobile robots have encouraged the development of highly nonlinear control techniques. Nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot systems might be exposed to numerous payloads as per the application requirements. This can affect statically or dynamically the complete system mass, inertia, the location of the center of mass, and additional hardware constraints. Due to the nonholonomic and motion limited properties of wheeled mobile robots, the precision of trajectory tracking control is poor. The nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot tracking system is therefore being explored. The kinematic model and sliding mode control model are analyzed, and the trajectory tracking control of the robot is carried out using an enhanced variable structure based on sliding mode. The shear and sliding mode controls are designed, and the control stability is reviewed to control the trajectory of a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot. The simulation outcomes show that the projected trajectory track control technique is able to improve the mobile robot’s control, the error of a pose is small, and the linear velocity and angular speed can be controlled. Take the linear and angular velocity as the predicted trajectory.
Research and Application of the Interactive English Online Teaching System Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Chen Huani , Huang Jian
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, due to the pandemic and other problems, the establishment of physical classes is a big headache for both students and teachers, due to which the education system all over the world is shifted to the online system from the physical system. Advance technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) are playing a significant part in various sectors of life such as health, business, and education. In order to effectively improve the effect of online English teaching, this study designed an interactive online English teaching system based on the IoT technology. This study proposes three topological structures for the establishment of the proposed IoT-based online English teaching system. Based on the analysis of the three topological structures of the IoT, this study chooses to design each submodule of the front and back of the system in the network IoT environment to realize the daily operation and various functions of the system and to realize the interactive design of both of the teacher and student side. Based on this approach, an online English teaching system is designed, and the teaching quality based on this system is evaluated with the help of an algorithm known as grey relational analysis algorithm. The experimental results show that, after the application of this system, students have access to the teaching materials and content in a short period of time; and the English test scores were improved and were significantly higher as compared to the traditional teaching system. In addition, at the same time, the internal consistency reliability of the proposed system is very high which fully demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Multistep Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control of Photovoltaic Power Generation System with Harmonic Compensation
Authors: Gong Xuejiao , Hu Shifeng , Zhu Ruijin
Published: June 2021

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is the main aspect of new energy power generation, and it is an important means to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. When the PV system is connected to the grid, the nonlinear load of the grid will affect the power quality and consume reactive power. This paper proposes a PV power generation grid‐connected system to improve power quality, with an active power filter (APF) function. Through the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method, PV power generation can operate at the maximum power point and play the function of harmonic and reactive power compensation at the load side. To improve the dynamic performance of the grid‐connected PV system and harmonic compensation simultaneously, multistep finite control set model predictive control (FCS‐MPC) is adopted for the grid‐connected module. The whole system does not need additional equipment, as it plays the role of two devices and effectively reduces the input cost. In this paper, the proposed structure and multistep FCS‐MPC are verified in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the system injects the maximum power into the power grid at the same time when the load changes and compensates the harmonic generated by the nonlinear load of the power grid so that the total harmonic distortion of the power grid can meet the operation standard, and the system has good dynamic performance and steady‐state performance.