bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The possibilities of using of captive and domestic broodstocks for saving of natural populations: 1. Acipenseriformes (part 2)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, St. Petersburg Department of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (Berg State Research Institute on Lake and River Fisheries), Russia, Saint Petersburg, Trenkler I.V.
Published: May 2024

In last years the stocks of Russian species of sturgeons decreased to critical level which can be followed by their complete extinction in nature. As a result, the number of sturgeons beginning spawning migration into rivers are extremely small, but Astrakhan sturgeon hatcheries continue release annually about 35 mln fry using own broodstocks of two types — captive and domestic ones. However the releases of offspring of domestic broodstock are extremely discussible. On one hand, creation of such broodstocks could avoid the complete extinction of natural populations of Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccari in Po River and European sturgeon A.sturio in Gironde estuary. On other hand, long-term practice of commercial fish farming had shown that even the accidental refugees from sea cages or fresh-water ponds caused great harm to natural populations of same species. Hatchery individuals were undergoing different selection than fish in wild nature and had poorly formed reflexes (searching for food and avoiding predators). Besides a progressive decrease in genetic diversity with each generation could be seen in such fry due to limited number of parents (the Ryman-Laikre effect). However the creation of captive and domestic broodstocks of endangerous species and subspecies (Azov beluga Huso huso maeotica, fringebarbel sturgeon Acipenser nudiventris, Sakhalin sturgeon Acipenser mikadoi) and extinct populations (Baltic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus) remains the only way to release hatchery juveniles. The first part of presented review is devoted to creation and using of captive and domestic broodstocks for conservation-type sturgeon fry releases in Russia and other countries.
Development of service technological services for rural producers in modern economic conditions
Authors:   FSBI FNCC VIM, Gerasimov V. S.
Published: May 2024

The priority strategic direction of technical service in the agro-industrial complex remains to ensure and maintain the machine and tractor fleet in working condition by increasing the resource of repaired equipment based on the use of modern repair technologies, maximum use of used complex agricultural machinery, modernization of machines in operation, and others . In this regard, it is interesting to consider the functioning of agricultural production nd national and supranational markets food products in the West, where they are mainly included in the system of state regulation, subsidies and foreign trade restrictions. The protection of the domestic market and the equalization of production conditions are inevitable components of the economic policy of each State, and the agricultural sector is almost an obligatory zone of a relatively high level of protection. These protective measures, in addition to import tariffs, include compensatory fees, excise taxes, various kinds of taxes and non-tax restrictions in the form of quotas, administrative regulation.
Planning engine repairs based on qualitative signs of technical condition
Authors:   FSBI FNCC VIM, Dunaev A. V. , Kostomakhin M. N. ,   FSBI FNCC VIM
Published: May 2024

Due to the significant weakening of the technical operation service of MTP (aging equipment, loss of qualified personnel), the rise in prices of spare parts and fuel and materials, the increase in work on servicing equipment and monitoring its condition by organoleptic methods by the machine owners themselves is becoming increasingly important. Here, centuries of practice have accumulated rich experience. Therefore, novice diagnosticians used all available devices, while experienced ones made do with the minimum. The article describes their experience in identifying diesel malfunctions and preventing their intensive wear and failure.
Defi nition of probability of refusal and average actual resource of details of cars at substandard value of an intercontrol operating time
Authors:   FSBI FNCC VIM, Solomashkin A. A. , Kostomakhin M. N. ,   FSBI FNCC VIM
Published: May 2024

The offered technique of definition of probability of refusal of a detail of the car and its average actual resource, allows to define values of these parameters not only at the standard intercontrol operating time established in the specifications and technical documentation, but also taking into account a casual deviation of their specification caused by real service conditions of the car.
Work safety at operation, technical obsluzhiva-nii and technics repair in country, farms
Authors:   FSBI FNCC VIM, Filippova E. M. , Kostomakhin M. N. ,   FSBI FNCC VIM, Ivleva I. B. ,   FSBI FNCC VIM
Published: May 2024

In article safety of working conditions of workers country, farms is shown at operation of agricultural cars and the equipment on various often carried out works in agriculture and animal industries, at maintenance service and operating repair of maintained technics, and also at an emergency, on fire safety, maintenance with means of individual defense and tool control of working conditions.
PENGARUH SUKU BUNGA, KURS RUPIAH, DAN HARGA EMAS TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN LQ 45 YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Harsuti Harsuti , Wahyuningsih Endang Sri , Suzana Andhi Johan , Lestari Herwiek Diyah , Koesoemasari Dian S.P , Kartika Rosalia Anindia Sari
Published: May 2024

This research aims to analyze the significance of the influence of interest rates, rupiah exchange rates and gold prices on stock returns in LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study was 60 LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020, while the sample in this study used a purposive sampling technique to obtain 30 companies. The analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis technique with the Eviews 9 program. The research results show that the rupiah exchange rate has a significant negative effect on stock returns while the gold price has a significant negative effect on stock returns. Meanwhile, interest rates do not have a significant effect on stock returns. The implication of this research is that investors must know and be able to predict the state of interest rates, the rupiah exchange rate and the price of gold before investing in shares. Suggestions for further research are to add other macro variables (inflation, world oil prices and other commodity prices) and internal company variables in the hope of being able to analyze more representative stock return movements.

Keywords: Stock Return, Interest Rate, Rupiah Exchange, Gold Price
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK HIBURAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK DAERAH PADA SUKU BADAN PAJAK DAN RETRIBUSI DAERAH KOTA ADMINISTRASI JAKARTA SELATAN TAHUN 2016-2018
Authors: Puspita Lidya Tri , Dewanti Yopy Ratna
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to find out the implementation of Entertainment Tax Collection at the Local Tax and Retribution Agency of South Jakarta. This study used Van Meter and Van Horn theories. Entertainment Tax is any of potential sources of local income for high funds from the Indonesian Citizen bearing tax obligations. Besides, it also any of efforts in optimizing local tax revenue. This study used a descriptive qualitative research method. Result of the study identified that between year 2016-2018 the Entertainment Tax Revenue in South Jakarta experienced decrease every year. There are some obstacles in Entertainment Tax Collection and Control. So, it requires a number of steps should be taken to cope with such obstacles.

Keywords: Policy Implementation, Entertainment Tax, Local Tax Revenue
PENERAPAN PRICING STRATEGY DALAM MANAJEMEN BISNIS PADA UMKM (STUDI KASUS KOPI JANJI JIWA)
Authors: Shantilawati Irma , Anindya Annisa , Suryadi Ibnu
Published: May 2024

In the current era of digitalization, customers have a lot of literacy in knowing, accessing and easily comparing information about products and prices from various competitors so that customers can search for and decide which products to buy according to their wishes at the lowest price. In accordance with its mission, Kopi Janji Jiwa aims to introduce the quality taste of local Indonesian coffee to the public. One of the characteristics of Kopi Janji Jiwa is its relatively pocket-friendly prices. This is because Kopi Janji Jiwa itself targets the middle class as its main target. Apart from that, Kopi Janji Jiwa also implements production for the mass market so that product prices are adjusted to standards that apply to the wider community, not to certain groups. The problem that often occurs in every UMKM in Indonesia is that many UMKM do not calculate production costs and are inaccurate in determining selling prices. As a result, it causes losses and has to sell products at a loss. Therefore, UMKM must pay attention to choosing the type of pricing strategy that will be implemented. This research is intended to determine the extent of the influence of implementing pricing strategies in business management in UMKM (Case Study of Kopi Janji Jiwa).

Key words: Pricing Strategy, Management of Business and UMKM
CUSTOMER LOYALTY DITINJAU DARI ADVERTISING, SALES PROMOTION DAN BRAND IMAGE PADA FRANCHISE ICE CREAM & TEA
Authors: Fadila Atiya , Meria Lista
Published: May 2024

Customer loyalty becomes an important factor and a valuable asset for a business when customers have a positive attitude towards the product, thus motivating them to make repeat purchases. This research aims to analyze the influence of advertising, sales promotion, brand image on customer loyalty. The population of this research is made up of Mixue, Wedrink, and Momoyo customers. This research used a purposive sampling method to take samples from a total of 126 respondents. The data was analyzed statistically by applying PLS-SEM to test the proposed hypothesis. The results of this research show that sales promotion has a positive effect on customer loyalty, advertising has a positive effect on brand image, and sales promotion has a positive effect on brand image. Meanwhile, brand image has no positive effect on customer loyalty and advertising has no positive effect on customer loyalty. The managerial implication of this research is that companies need to strengthen sales promotion through various promotions and attractive offers so that they can motivate customers to buy products continuously and be loyal to the brand. In future research, it is recommended to add the age range, expand the respondent area and carry out in-depth analysis by looking at other factors such as product quality, price, location, and customer satisfaction which can influence customer loyalty, so that in future research we can obtain more comprehensive and detailed data.

Keywords: Advertising; Sales Promotion; Brand Image; Customer Loyalty
DAMPAK MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION ITEM VIRTUAL PADA GAME ONLINE GENSHIN IMPACT
Authors: Romelah Suprehatin Siti
Published: May 2024

Genshin Impact quickly rose to fame as one of the most played mobile games in the world after gaining widespread recognition. Many gamers, especially those who are truly dedicated to gaming, have engaged in this practice of purchasing virtual goods. The main objective of this research is to measure the impact of Twitter as a social media platform on interest in purchasing in-game products in the Genshin Impact video game. Using IBM SPSS version 26, this research uses quantitative analysis tools. One hundred people participated in this research by filling out a questionnaire sent to them via Direct Message (DM) by the official Twitter account @GenshinImpact. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, and the number of samples was 100. A series of tests, including validity and reliability tests as well as statistical analysis and coefficient of determination, were used to analyze the data. This research found that the intention to purchase virtual goods (Y) was influenced positively and significantly by the social media variable (X).

Key words: Media Social, Purchase Intention, Item Virtual
Vegetation and Evapotranspiration Analyses on Climate Maps
Authors: Uyar Nehir
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on the investigation of Evapotranspiration (ET) processes under the climatic and geographical characteristics of Türkiye. ET refers to the process by which plants transfer water vapor to the atmosphere and is an important part of the water cycle. This research analyzes ET in Türkiye using imagery data from NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS-2), MODIS, TerraClimate, SMAP Level-4, and Penman-Monteith-Leuning ET V2 (PML_V2). Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) data for Türkiye between 2016 and 2022 and Land Surface Temperature (LST) data between 2000 and 2022 were obtained from MODIS images. In the study, regression analyses were performed with ET values and SSM and LST data. The best result was a moderate correlation (R 0.57) between ET produced from SMAP Level-4 data and LST. A high correlation (R 0.59) was observed with SSM. Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) 1981 and 2023 precipitation data and 1981 and 2023 Surface Pressure (PS) data were obtained from MERRA image. Regression analyses were performed between ET data and PS and precipitation values. A moderate relationship (R 0.37) was observed between ET and PS produced from MOD16A2 V105 data. A moderate relationship (R 0.50) was observed between ET and precipitation obtained from TerraClimate data. This study aims to contribute to the development of strategies to effectively manage water resources and improve agricultural sustainability by analyzing ET in various regions of Türkiye.
Life cycle assessment of energy production from municipal solid waste: İstanbul case
Authors: Çetinkaya Afşin , Bilgili Levent
Published: May 2024

Several methods are used during waste management: landfill, incineration, composting, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and recycling etc. In particular, the use of biogas formed through anaerobic digestion in energy production and the energy obtained through the incineration process is very effective in turning the negative effects of wastes into positive ones. In this study, the effects of three different waste management scenarios were examined from a life cycle perspective. According to the results, scenario1 (landfill and incineration), scenario2 (landfill, incineration, and anaerobic digestion), and scenario3 (landfill, anaerobic digestion, and recycle) produced emissions of 3233.1, 328.8, and -848.9 kg of CO2eq, respectively. Accordingly, and in accordance with the results of the previous studies, it is observed that the landfill application gave the worst environmental result, the incineration and anaerobic digestion applications reduce the environmental effects, and the recycling application provides environmental benefits. It is concluded that the best environmental practice is plastic and metal recycling.
Mutual Knowledge in Comparative Case Study of Indigenous Craft Practices in Las Loceras de Pilén, and Bát Tràng.
Authors:   University of Talca, Chile, Valenzuela German , Kim Hojung ,   University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Published: May 2024

The collaborative design-build project by the university stu-dents, in partnership with the intergenerational transmission of material expertise and artisanal skills within the Las Loceras de Pilén community in Cauquenes, Chile, provides an opportunity to contemplate prevailing consumption patterns observed in economically developed regions of the Western world. This ini-tiative sheds light on the growing awareness of finite resources, a realization that not only poses a threat to our environment but also erodes the rich tapestry of indigenous cultures. This resource depletion extends its influence into the realm of local craftsmanship1, as evidenced in the coastal mountain regions of Maule, Chile, where persistent drought conditions have intensi-fied the challenges of sustaining traditional livelihoods.
Excavating the University Campus: A Pedagogy of Deconstructing Architecture’s Myths
Authors:   University of Kentucky, Katrib Leen
Published: May 2024

This paper seeks to offer an interdisciplinary and collaborative model for design seminars to examine the very conditions that have guided the practice, pedagogy, and historiography of architecture. Excavating the University Campus is a research- integrative design seminar that positions students to uncover comprehensive, untold histories of destructions in the wake of postwar and ongoing urban university campus expansions across the United States. Through campus case studies spanning chronologies and geographies across the United States, students critically examine official campus histories by deconstructing their design tactics, linguistic nuances, alliances, and the architect/planner’s design tools and methods. The seminar challenges students to source interdisciplinary knowledge and tools in order to map, spatialize, and metricize the extents of erasures through two-dimensional, three- dimensional, image-, audio-, and text-based translations. The research process parallels with—and is theoretically grounded in—a curated selection of interdisciplinary foundational texts by scholars who interrogate the material afterlife of destruction in the built environment. Ultimately, students design multimedia animations and short films that contribute to a counter-historiography on each case study by juxtaposing, superimposing, and clustering layers of retrieved materials and produced visualizations to create new assemblages that subvert official narratives.
Exercising the Everyday: A Pedagogical Approach
Authors:   University of Arkansas, Kuhns Alyssa
Published: May 2024

Early architectural education is often introduced through concepts couched in abstract, formal strategies. This approach requires a large conceptual leap for beginning design students, causing difficulty in grasping concepts and transitioning into design education. As an alternative pedagogical approach, this paper considers the everyday as a basis for conceptual development and skill building in beginning design. It argues that pedagogy based on a familiarity with the everyday human experience in the built environment leverages intrinsic knowledge and makes design a more accessible practice.This paper outlines the application of the everyday as a pedagogical approach in first-year undergraduate seminar courses. In these courses, students develop both an understanding of design concepts and digital workflows through representational exercises. Exercises are framed around concepts and processes of architects and artists concerned with the everyday. Work like that of Allan Wexler or Rachel Whiteread outlines a methodology for students to use observation or transformation to find new readings of everyday forms and spaces. In addition to design processes and workflows defined by the everyday, exercises use objects and spaces familiar to students as inputs to explore abstract design concepts such as composition, scale, and positive/negative relationships. Using the everyday as a constant, students learn new variables such as representational strategies, digital tools, anddesign concepts through these exercises.In today’s educational context of increasingly virtual or hybrid modalities, students are removed from physical settings that facilitate creative acts and spend more time at home, facing the dominant presence of the everyday. This paper discusses how pedagogy focused on the everyday can serve as an equalizer, allowing students to incorporate personal experiences into their beginning design education and find comfort with the familiar at a time when everything is new.
Unorthodox Pedagogy: The American School Approach
Authors:   University of Oklahoma, Pilat Stephanie Z.
Published: May 2024

At the University of Oklahoma (OU) under the leadership of Bruce Goff, a new approach to teaching and practicing architecture, known as the American School , developed in the mid-twentieth century. While other schools followed curricula inspired by European modernism, the American School taught students to imagine novel, experimental, and organic forms. Students were challenged to use ordinary and found materials from wood shingles and feathers to ashtrays and sewer pipes. They were taught to respond to the characteristics of a site, climate, program, and client. Most importantly, the American School approach sought to produce the architectural equivalent of chefs: students known for combining ingredients andforms in inventive ways, rather than line cooks who dutifully followed the recipes of their instructors. This approach stood in contrast to the predominant approach of the day as international modernism evolved into an orthodox dogma in schools across the U.S. At a moment when student work in architecture schools increasingly looked the same—marked by flat roofs, ribbon windows, glass, steel and concrete— the American School work was alarmingly different. While students elsewhere learned to imitate the styles promoted by their professors, the American School taught students to develop their own identity as designers. Today, as the idea of a school producing disciples is becoming retrograde, reconsidering the American School approach is long overdue. An examination of this unorthodox pedagogical approach helpsus understand how educators can coach students to cultivate creativity. This paper asks what we can learn from outliers of the American School, the so-called renegades? An examination of assignments and student work reveals how innovation was, and still can be, taught.
Teaching the Circle
Authors:   California State University, Sacramento, Potts Emily
Published: May 2024

The immediate short-term reduction of up-front embodied carbon in the built environment is essential for meeting our global climate goals. Embodied carbon can be reduced drastically by integrating aspects of building and materials reuse into all projects. In order to prepare future architectural leaders for this challenge, academia must pro-actively teach circular building design strategies at various points in the curriculum. In particular, this paper explores the benefits and challenges of integrating circular design problems into architectural studio courses. The tools and resources presented are aimed at faculty who are somewhat familiar with circular design to begin to introduce these concepts in a studio context to undergraduate students who may have very little prior knowledge of the importance, challenges, and opportunities associated with circular building design.
Decelerated Traces: Crafting a Drawing Practice for an Early Design Curriculum
Authors:   University of Massachusetts Amherst, Riahi Pari
Published: May 2024

This pedagogical project takes a position against seemingly complete digital drawings which appear to be too over- determined, too finished, and too realistic renditions of ideas. Instead, it calls for reflection on what should constitute drawing methods and practices for a beginning design studio allowing ideas to mature and evolve at a slower pace. Nowadays, in architectural practice, the use of digital technologies is synonymous with speed, efficiency, and the ease of collaboration and access. The widespread use of these platforms have fortified a linear augmentation towards fast produced, multi-sourced drawings. By resisting the immediacy, that is implicitly built into most of digital platforms, the paper discusses the possibility of imagining a different drawing agenda, one that enables spatial, formal, and programmatic discoveries for students who start their education in architecture. Developing links between evidence and imagination is the primary objective of the studio which proposes a fully engaged practice of drawing. The following questions have been foundational for the studio: How can digital drawings be a vehicle for experimentation and discovery from the onset and without being consumed with technological procedures? What replaces traditional methods of drawing in studio and how can one engage the digital, without being subsumed by technique? What does the future of drawing, in the pedagogical context look like? Cohering these questions and concerns has given shape to the development of a curriculum taught over 6 years to beginning design graduate students.
The Impact of Research: Articulating the Value of Integrating Research into Architectural Education
Authors:   Texas A&M University/ Erciyes University, Salgin Burcu , Vaile Jeannine ,   University of North Texas, Hu Ming ,   University of Notre Dame, McDonald Rosa ,   North Carolina State University, Jo Soo Jeong ,   Louisiana State University, Ryder Traci Rose ,   North Carolina State University, Hu Xiao ,   University of Idaho
Published: May 2024

Integrating research impacts into the architectural discipline is critical for architectural education. Students must develop a comprehensive understanding of the interdependent relationship between research and design, and gain the skills necessary to link the two. The quality and effectiveness of teaching directly influence the potential for research impact; likewise, impactful research findings can enhance teaching methodologies and student learning. This white paper is the result of a workshop conducted during the 2023 Architectural Research Centers Consortium annual conference (Dallas, Texas), focusing on the impact of architectural research. Ultimately, this paper begins to outline and scope the idea of research impacts for further discussion and clarification within the field. Opportunities for research impact in architectural pedagogy are broad, with a number of examples already in place highlighting rigorous research methods and interdisciplinary collaboration. With case studies of class projects focusing on the generation of generalizable and transferable knowledge, the authors provide examples of research methods in architectural curricula, the impact on students, and the transferability of research skills to practice. Research impacts through the lens of the funder can be explored through larger, interdisciplinary perspectives that address collaborations, communities of practice, team diversity, and community engagement. Examples will be shared to illustrate ranges of research impact across projects of different scales. Architecture clearly impacts the communities in which we work, though understanding the impact of architectural research around, within, and for these communities is less understood. The authors share examples of community- based research that both contributes to and informs the design process. By identifying the areas of pedagogy, funding agencies, and communities, this outline hopes to facilitate a broad discussion around how to operationalize and engage research in architectural education.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in International Design Studio Pedagogy
Authors:   University of Maryland, Simon Madlen , Hussein Shaimaa Hameed ,   Al-Nahrain University
Published: May 2024

Five years after the conclusion of the United States’ invasion of Iraq, faculty from an Iraqi university and a U.S. university began collaborating online to co-teach an urban design studio bringing U.S. and Iraqi students together through our shared language of architecture. We set out to investigate one another’s contexts and cultures through the design process. As the studio evolved over the past eight years, faculty developed insights into the pedagogy of cross-cultural collaboration in a post-conflict situation. Iraqi and U.S. students experienced war diametrically differently. In Iraq, violence and destruction was everyday reality; in the U.S., people consumed war through the media. Five years post-conflict, our initial challenge was to bring young people from both countries together in a way that broke through enmity and otherness to discover shared humanity. Post-human theory acknowledges bothshared experience and difference. We strive to replace the construct of otherness with an understanding that we are all citizens of our planet invested in a shared future.U.S. and Iraqi faculty reflect upon ways in which our pedagogy replaces enmity and otherness with diversity, equity,and inclusion in the architectural design studio. We identify factors that promote these values in our cross-culturalcollaboration: (1) Iraqi and U.S. students are the experts on their own contexts and cultures – we respect local knowledge and resist the “white savior” tendency, (2) studio projects and sites are carefully selected to highlight the fact that we face similar physical and social issues in both countries, (3) the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals offer a shared framework for the work of students across the globe as we all confront the critical issues of our time, (4) diverse teams generate more ideas, knowledge-sharing is key to success, and (5) while students come from different home cultures, they share the culture of architecture.
Homing Objects: From Writing to Making
Authors:   University of Cincinnati, Matyiku Anca , Sioli Angeliki ,   Delft University of Technology, Jennen Pierre ,   Delft University of Technology
Published: May 2024

Can architects design with words? Can they move from words to models and then hands on making, bypassingthe medium of drawing altogether? Can they use language to imagine future scenarios and spatial possibilities in different ways than through drawings? “Homing Objects” was a recent four-week workshop that tested these possibilities within the master level studio course The Space of Words, at Delft University of Technology. The workshop asked architecture students to fabricate unprecedented domestic objects that were dreamed up and “drawn out” through language. At stake is our wager that writing tends to essential aspects of the architect’s imagination that run the risk of being severely diminished in a world captivated by the ocular dominance ofcompelling images. We argue that, especially when it comes to cultivating the future architect’s imagination, language can push beyond what something “looks like” and refocus attention to what something “feels like” more effectively than drawing in a number of ways: Language can engage multi-sensory qualities, experientially-layered aspects of space. Language can likewise more explicitly engage with the temporal thickness of space and experience – ranging from ephemeral conditions and rituals, to traces of memory, as well as human and natural histories. Finally, language can precipitate a haptically-focused making process, which further cultivates the architect’s imagination by drawing on and building onto tacit and embodied knowledge about materials and making.
Design in Dialogue: Precedent in the Introductory Design Studio
Authors:   Mississippi State University, White Aaron
Published: May 2024

Beginning with works of architecture ranging from Qingyun Ma’s Father’s House to Robert Morris’s Select Architecture, a series of introductory studios tasked students with the analysis and redesign of an assigned precedent. The precedent was presented as an interlocuter rather than an authority. It guaranteed nothing, and could neither be dismissed nor followed in any straight-forward way. The aim was to present architecture’s history as a series of incomplete acts requiring interpretative reassessment. Students were encouraged to view their work as contributing-to an interpretative context surrounding (yet always exceeding) the precedent. Thus, the studio sought to develop a model of design agency based neither on the inimitable “perfection” of supposed exemplars,nor on the self-expression of the supposedly autonomous designer. Precedents provide an object of analysis and acontext for meaningful action. Rather than decontextualized objects and claims, the redesign is understood in relation to the original—amplifying, qualifying, challenging, criticizing, or undermining.
Reimagining the Alaska Atlas
Authors:   University of Texas at Arlington, Aman Amanda
Published: May 2024

Alaska has always existed with a ghosted veil of polar romanticism where eternal sunsets and magical aurora bring life to untouched landscapes locked within the grip of deep freeze. These landscapes are greatly embedded with histories of habitation and of seasonal movements of people and wildlife in a vast nomadic range. They are layered with traces of the intimate relationships held with these histories, as their inherent ecologies do not distinguish what is human and what is not. A deep understanding of the behavioral intricacies of these systems exists as a function of this interdependence for Native peoples. In Alaska, this finds expression in an elaborate vocabulary about the formation and type of ice, for example, but one which also describes its sentience and its agency – the same principle being applied to animals – so as to be completely in tune with what is both seen and hidden. These relationships are subject to harsh realities, however, with the insurgence of climate change. In addition to the continued grappling with the effects of colonization and modernization, their subsistence lifestyle that defines theirculture – their relationships, philosophy, spirituality, healthcare, artistic expression, education, economy, and more – is being severely threatened.
Instruments of Invention and Intent: Evolving Pedagogy for Early Architectural Drawing
Authors:   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Dayem Adam
Published: May 2024

In discipline and practice, architecture works with conventions of perspective and orthographic projection inherited from the Renaissance. Perspective projections produce illusions that simulate vision, orthographic projections set out measurable dimensions that allow three-dimensional buildings to be con-structed from scaled two-dimensional drawings. These two modes of projection may seem to be at odds with each other, one emphasizing the art of architecture in qualitative illusory effects, the other emphasizing the technology of architecture in quantitative measure. But of course, many of the most com-pelling architectural drawings incorporate both the ‘art’ and ‘technology’ of architecture. This type of hybrid drawing, that is partly illusionistic and partly measurable,1 is particularly useful in imagining what a building could be without losing track of the measurements of the physical world in which it must exist.
Down to Earth: Land-Based Pedagogy Through the Geopoetics of Earthen Construction
Authors:   University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Magner Jeremy
Published: May 2024

In resistance to the prevailing geopolitical logic of accumulation and dispossession, we may find new methods for teaching and building through a speculative geopoetics1 as “a regime for producing subjects and negotiating properties of belonging”2. Thus was born the intention for a seminar conducted during the fall of 2022 within the University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Architecture and Design. The course combined experiential, action-oriented pedagogy with particular sensitivity to the unique complexities of the cultural and ecological entanglements which define place in an effort to offer students a new way to find meaning and belonging through spirited collaboration and social acts of craft.
Undoing White Settler Designed Cities: The Agency of Mapping with Racialized Immigrant and Refugee Women in Canada
Authors:   Carleton University, Castrillon Natalia Escobar
Published: May 2024

Although urban populations are becoming increasingly diverse, most cities are not designed to provide equitable access to urban amenities and infrastructure. Twentieth- century Western urban design standards were rooted in Eurocentric ideals, primarily addressing the needs of White, economically secure, able-bodied, neurotypical, cis-gender, heterosexual males. As a result, one key aspect of designing equitable cities is understanding the different embodied experiences of marginalized populations. However, at present, city planners rely on quantitative and abstract urban studies that continue to render other social groups invisible. This issue is particularly relevant in countries such as the settler state of Canada, where projections estimate that by 2041, one in three people will be a current or former immigrant. In addition, two in five people and one-third of the total female population will belong to racialized populations. This study focuses on Ottawa-Gatineau, two neighboring cities that mirror national demographic trends. I combine two mapping methods to document the distinct urban experiences of diasporic communities. The first method involves using Geographic Information System (GIS) to map census data, creating demographic maps of Ottawa-Gatineau. The goal is to select neighborhoods with a high density of economically insecure and racialized immigrant and refugee women, where the study of urban equity is more relevant. The second method involves a participatory mapping workshop to document the first-hand urban experiences of community members. The goal is to assess the adequacy and accessibility of urban infrastructure in their neighborhoods. Participants overwrite a map with their comments as an empowering technique that emphasizes their capacity to lead changes. The assessment, driven by the interests of participants, addresses topics such as transportation, amenities, services, and housing. The study reveals that beyond mere physical presence and proximity, questions about cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity, gender and age inclusivity, safety, affordability, schedule flexibility, maintenance, transit reliability, and social diversity and connectivity were crucial in assessing the adequacy and accessibility of urban infrastructure.
Trans- and gender diverse perspectives on gender-inclusive student housing options, design features, and plans
Authors:   University of Kansas, Franklin Casey , Church Sam ,   University of Kansas
Published: May 2024

Trans- and gender diverse (TGD) people face increasing discrimination in architectural environments; in the past two years multiple states have enacted anti-LGBTQ laws that use sex or gender identity to restrict use of spaces like restrooms and student housing.1 A national trans- survey found over half of respondents avoided using public restrooms entirely fearing confrontations, and that approximately a quarter of college students experienced verbal, physical, or sexual harassment.2 Architects have a unique opportunity to alleviate this discrimination through design decisions that support and protect TGD users, especially on college campuses. This mixed-methods survey investigated TGD student opinions of gender-inclusive student housing (GISH) design elements. Quantitative questions were used to gather demographics information, GISH experience satisfaction, and comfort level for design features. Emotional heatmaps and open-ended questions provided qualitative feedback explaining why floor plans designs and interior photos made TGD users uncomfortable. TGD students reported dissatisfaction with current GISH options, and consistently reported feeling more comfort-able in gender-inclusive spaces. While the majority (50%) of TGD students in this survey had access to GISH, the majority (66.6%) also reported being dissatisfied with GISH options. Researchers tested the hypothesis that TGD users would rate comfort differently than cis-gender (cis-) users in gender inclusive spaces. This was found to be true for multiple scenarios, but not all. Image and floor plan heatmap questions asked participants to select architectural features causing discomfort and provided in-depth explanations for why. Text-based data was analyzed and showed strong themes of security, privacy, and sense of belonging. Triangulated data was used to create a set of design guidelines which support these same principles. Both architects and universities can benefit from this in-depth exploration of how design decisions impact overall TGD student comfort in GISH.
Climate Resilience through Community Resilience: A Model for Engaged Design from Coal Country
Authors:   Invest Appalachia / InVision Hazard, Campbell Baylen , Sturlaugson Brent ,   Morgan State University, Fugate Jeff ,   University of Kentucky, Radtke Rebekah ,   University of Kentucky
Published: May 2024

In 2021, the authors launched Climate Resilience through Community Resilience, a multi-year engagement in Central Appalachia between the University of Kentucky’s Studio Appalachia and Hazard KY, approximately two-hours away. Challenging the traditional expert-client relationship, the initiative aligns local expertise, community leadership, and design capacity to address both historical disinvestment and the compounding effects of climate change in the region through sustained engagement and participatory design. There are multiple examples of design pedagogies with robust components of community engagement, notably the University of Minnesota’s multi-year engagement in North Minneapolis and famously Auburn’s Rural Studio. Likewise, there are multiple examples of design pedagogies addressing the climate crisis. Less prevalent are ongoing institutional projects that apply sustained community engagement methodology to climate resilience, particularly in a rural setting farafield from the university campus. This paper articulates the urgency and the precarious nature of climate resilience in the region; situates our program design within broader engagement and pedagogical practice; andintroduces an assessment method as a means of documenting potential impact.
Considering the Ethics and Practices of Educational Design Build in Native American Societies: An Anthropologist’s Perspective
Authors:   University of Colorado Boulder, Program in Environmental Design, Jones Nathan Paul
Published: May 2024

This paper represents a cultural anthropologist’s approach to examining architecture projects undertaken in NativeAmerican communities through the efforts of architectural university design-build programs to provide housing. I investigate how architectural faculty have employed ethics in their curricula and their students have interacted with Native communities while executing design-builds. I focus on the DesignBuildBLUFF program taking place in the Utah side of the Navajo Nation and the Native American Sustainable Housing Initiative that was active in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. This paper represents a point of departure for a broader research project that considers the cultural preparation and community engagement techniques utilized for interacting with and designing and building for Native Americans. A conclusion I draw from my data is that design-build studio instructors may incorporate strategies from the “first project” model practiced in the dissertation process in cultural anthropology into their studios to help manage ethical concerns with undertaking design-build programs inunderserved and underrepresented communities.
Investigating Terms of Transition in the Ohio River Valley
Authors:   Miami University (OH), Kruth Jeffrey T.
Published: May 2024

As an existing condition, many of the landscapes of the Ohio River Valley and Appalachian region have been abandoned by both a market-driven economy and meaningful state intervention. Under-resourced, these communities now face another generation of disinvestment.Recently, local politicians and leaders within the Ohio River Valley from Youngstown, Dayton, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and elsewhere have called for a Marshall Plan for Middle America to reinvest in these deteriorated communities. Similarly, the recent Bipartisan Infrastructure Law promises investment in the area. The encouraging side of these plans largely call for an investment into sustainable businesses, without a design or planning framework for the broader community, in contrast to earlier large scale government programs and administrations such as the New Deal. Even with admirable calls for investment, there is the danger of repeating problematictop-down planning agendas, and eschewing community needs in favor of private interests.Given this framework, this paper discusses the work of a recent upper level undergraduate architecture studio. Pedagogically central to our investigation is the design of institutions, and the role of the architect in relation to private and state actors. While many architecture studios begin with the assumption that adequate funding will support a student’s hypothetical design, we began our work researching the limitations of existing institutions, their funding streams, and their spatial extents. Working alongside community partners Reimagine Appalachia, we questioned the existing functions of institutions including local governments, industries receiving public dollars as part of harmful extraction economies, and the infrastructures that support these activities that are seen asnormative. As a result, student designs included the redesign of institutional practices alongside their architecturalinterventions.
By Right or Might: notes on the MPL-Collective’s self-managed social housing projects
Authors:   Carleton University, Munoz-Vera Gonzalo
Published: May 2024

This essay discusses the MPL’s experience (People on Fight Movement), a Chilean collective on its built and self-managed housing projects to date. Its perseverant hard work is slowly showing results in a country that neglects the urgency of accessing decent housing and resists constant natural disasters proper from the region. Relevant to what this collective has achieved is the history of Chilean housing policy, particularly during the second half of the twentieth century and right before Chile’s dictatorship era, which this paper also refers to. Besides, this paper comments on the strenuous task of carrying out and materializing housing projects created along with future dwellers on the territory they have always lived in. In front of current neoliberal social housing policies, the MPLcollective has struggled to concretize its members’ housing demands and bring back former lines of action on this matter. From the perspective of someone who joined the MPL, the role and involvement of architects in providing support and guidance to these collectives in order to channel their demands appropriately and successfully remains fundamental. In this way, this paper aims to invite other architects to contribute to community organizations seeking better housing conditions.