bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Technology in LCDs
Authors: Souk Jun , Whangbo Sangwoo
Published: January 2019

The meaning of green technology is fairly broad. It can represent environmental friendliness, less wastefulness, less energy consumption, or a combination of these factors. This article attempts to bring order to green initiatives and categorize green technology as it applies to LCDs into “green process,” “green factory,” and “green device.” The energy consumption during the life cycle of the LCD is also considered, from fabrication to end of use.
A Flexible Display Enables a New Intuitive User Interface
Authors: Yamaguchi Hajime , Hioki Tsuyoshi , Uchikoga Shuichi , Amemiya Isao
Published: January 2019

The authors developed a prototype for a flexible‐display system integrated with a bend‐input function that enables users to interact with the display by flexing it. The display enables users to feel as if they are operating objects on the screen directly with their hands. This interactive intuitive interface is suitable for simple operations in application software and opens up new possibilities for flexible displays to be used as user‐interface devices.
Resolving Resolution
Authors: Kelley Edward F.
Published: January 2019

Accurate metrics for 3‐D displays will be more difficult to determine than those for 2‐D displays. The author suggests it may be necessary to look beyond 2‐D and one‐eye paradigms.
Large TFT‐LCD Panels Shift into High Resolution
Authors: Semenza Paul
Published: January 2019

Pixel densities are increasing, but at different rates, depending on device, application, and end‐user desire.
Beyond Amorphous‐Silicon: New Developments in High‐Mobility Backplanes
Authors: Hausmann Ulrich , Knowles David
Published: January 2019

New advances in laser‐crystallization technology are enabling larger liquid‐crystal and OLED displays.
Navigating This Year's Models
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

The average consumer who sets out to buy a TV has questions. The scene at the average electronics store, with its rows upon rows of TV sets all displaying identical flickering content, often leads to more questions. Since buying a TV can be overwhelming for anyone, Information Display asked a knowledgeable retailer for answers to some of the most common TV buying questions. In addition, we highlight the kinds of products consumers can expect to see in stores right now.
4K Projectors Come to Home Theaters
Authors: Chinnock Chris
Published: January 2019

Anyone who has seen 4K‐resolution images on big‐screen displays knows how detailed and impressive these images can be. Now it is possible to have 4K projectors for personal home theaters.
Touch Technology for eReaders
Authors: Walker Geoff
Published: January 2019

Four touch technologies are currently used in eReaders: analog resistive, electromagnetic pen digitizer, scanned infrared, and projected capacitive. None of these meet 100% of the user and system requirements for optimum touch in eReaders.
Part III: What Companies Need to Know about the Leahy–Smith America Invents Act (AIA) Patent Reform Legislation
Authors: Jablon Clark A.
Published: January 2019

The America Invents Act, the most significant change to the U.S. patent system since 1952, was signed into law on September 16, 2011. This series of articles focuses on selected provisions which are likely to be the most relevant to companies in the display industry. Part III examines the changeover from a “first‐to‐invent” to a “first‐to‐file” system.
Intrinsically Elastomeric Polymer Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Liang Jiajie , Pei Qibing
Published: January 2019

Imagine an electronic display nearly as transparent as a window, or a curtain that illuminates a room, or a smartphone screen that doubles in size stretching like rubber. A recent demonstration of intrinsically elastomeric light‐emitting devices suggests that such examples may soon become viable.
New Electro‐Mechanical Polymer Actuator Technology for Better Interactivity
Authors: Ramstein Christophe , Liaukeviciute Ausra
Published: January 2019

Smart material actuators for haptics may help usher in a “New‐Sensory Age.”
Foldable AMOLED Display Development: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Yan Jing‐Yi , Ho Jia‐Chong , Chen Janglin
Published: January 2019

Foldable AMOLED displays may represent the first significant application for flexible displays. In order to realize this technology, manufacturers must overcome challenges such as high stress and fatigue in the foldable area. The authors, from Taiwan's Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), propose several approaches to overcoming these challenges and describe demonstrated AMOLED modules having a 5‐mm folding radius.
Inspiration and Innovation Abound at Display Week's Annual Technical Symposium
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

This year's technical program at Display Week features more than 450 papers on topics ranging from quantum dots to light‐field displays.
A Process for Using Oxide TFTs over LTPS TFTs for OLED‐TV Manufacturing
Authors: Cunningham Kerry L.
Published: January 2019

Technical solutions for the fabrication of large‐scale OLED displays include new manufacturing equipment and processes developed by Applied Materials.
Advances in Augmented‐ and Virtual‐Reality Technologies and Applications
Authors: Bhowmik Achintya K.
Published: January 2019

The first wave of AR and VR devices has reached the marketplace, but much work needs to be done in order to provide immersive and life‐like experiences to mainstream users.
Automotive Trends Drive Vehicular Displays
Authors: Werner Ken
Published: January 2019

Display Week will offer many opportunities to learn about the latest advancements in vehicular displays. Trends such as larger and more plentiful automotive displays, HUDs, the connected car, ADAS, and autonomous driving are informing these new developments.
Curved Displays Challenge Display Metrology
Authors: Becker Michael E. , Neumeier Jürgen , Wolf Martin
Published: January 2019

Non‐planar displays require a close look at the components involved in taking their measurements.
Periosteal Mesenchymal Progenitor Dysfunction and Extraskeletally-Derived Fibrosis Contribute to Atrophic Fracture Nonunion
Authors: Wang Luqiang , Tower Robert J , Chandra Abhishek , Yao Lutian , Tong Wei , Xiong Zekang , Tang Kai , Zhang Yejia , Liu X Sherry , Boerckel Joel D , Guo Xiaodong , Ahn Jaimo , Qin Ling
Published: January 2019

Atrophic nonunion represents an extremely challenging clinical dilemma for both physicians and fracture patients alike, but its underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we established a mouse model that recapitulates clinical atrophic nonunion through the administration of focal radiation to the long bone midshaft 2 weeks before a closed, semistabilized, transverse fracture. Strikingly, fractures in previously irradiated bone showed no bony bridging with a 100% nonunion rate. Radiation triggered distinct repair responses, separated by the fracture line: a less robust callus formation at the proximal side (close to the knee) and bony atrophy at the distal side (close to the ankle) characterized by sustained fibrotic cells and type I collagen-rich matrix. These fibrotic cells, similar to human nonunion samples, lacked osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and exhibited impaired blood vessel infiltration. Mechanistically, focal radiation reduced the numbers of periosteal mesenchymal progenitors and blood vessels and blunted injury-induced proliferation of mesenchymal progenitors shortly after fracture, with greater damage particularly at the distal side. In culture, radiation drastically suppressed proliferation of periosteal mesenchymal progenitors. Radiation did not affect hypoxia-induced periosteal cell chondrogenesis but greatly reduced osteogenic differentiation. Lineage tracing using multiple reporter mouse models revealed that mesenchymal progenitors within the bone marrow or along the periosteal bone surface did not contribute to nonunion fibrosis. Therefore, we conclude that atrophic nonunion fractures are caused by severe damage to the periosteal mesenchymal progenitors and are accompanied by an extraskeletal, fibro-cellular response. In addition, we present this radiation-induced periosteal damage model as a new, clinically relevant tool to study the biologic basis of therapies for atrophic nonunion. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Near‐infrared fluorescence‐labeled anti‐PD‐L1‐mAb for tumor imaging in human colorectal cancer xenografted mice
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Jiang Huijie , Zhang Rongjun , Jiang Hao , Xu Hailong , Pan Wenbin , Gao Xiaolin , Sun Zhongqi
Published: January 2019

The expression of programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) in tumor has been used as a biomarker to predict the anti‐PD‐L1 immunotherapy response. To develop a noninvasive imaging technique to monitor the dynamic changes in PD‐L1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC), we labeled an anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody with near‐infrared (NIR) dye and tested the ability of the NIR‐PD‐L1‐mAb probe to monitor the PD‐L1 expression in CRC‐xenografted mice by performing optical imaging. Consistent with the expression levels of PD‐L1 protein in three CRC cell lines in vitro by flow cytometry and Western blot analyses, our in vivo imaging showed the highest fluorescence signal of the xenografted tumors in mice bearing SW620 CRC cells, followed by tumors derived from SW480 and HCT8 cell lines. We detected the highest fluorescent intensity of the tumor at 120 hours after injection of NIR‐PD‐L1‐mAb. The highest fluorescence intensity was seen in the tumor, followed by the spleen and the liver in SW620 xenografted mice. In SW480 and HCT8 xenografted mice, however, the highest fluorescent signals were detected in the spleen, followed by the liver and the tumor. Our findings indicate that SW620 cells express a higher level of PD‐L1, and the NIR‐PD‐L1‐mAb binding to PD‐L1 on the surface of CRC cells was specific. The technique was safe and could provide valuable information on PD‐L1 expression of the tumor for development of a therapeutic strategy of personized targeted immunotherapies as well as treatment response of patients with CRC.
Sensory plasticity of carotid body is correlated with oxidative stress in paraventricular nucleus during chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Liu Pei , Zhang Hong‐Mei , Hu Ke , Zhou Xiu‐Fang , Tang Si
Published: January 2019

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is known to induce hypertension, but the mechanism is not well understood. We hypothesized that sensory plasticity of the carotid body (CB) and oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are involved in CIH‐induced hypertension. In this study, rats were exposed to CIH for 28 days (intermittent hypoxia of 21% O2 for 60 s and 5% O2 for 30 s, cyclically repeated for 8 hr/day) and then randomly grouped for intracerebroventricular injection of 5‐HT2 receptor antagonist ritanserin, Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y‐27632, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), respectively. We found that CIH increased blood pressure (BP), elevated carotid sinus nerve (CSN) and renal sympathetic nerve (RSN) activities, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis in PVN. NOX‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell apoptosis decreased when CIH‐induced activation of 5‐HT/5‐HT2AR/PKC signaling was inhibited by ritanserin. In addition, RhoA expression was downregulated when oxidative stress was attenuated by DPI, while Y‐27632 decreased the expression of endothelin‐1, which is overexpressed in the vascular wall during hypertension. Moreover, treatment with ritanserin, DPI or Y‐27632 attenuated the sensory plasticity and sympathetic hyperactivity as well as CIH‐induced elevation of BP. In conclusion, CIH‐induced activation of 5‐HT/5‐HT2AR/PKC signaling contributes to NOX‐derived oxidative stress in PVN, which may cause sensory plasticity of CB, RSN hyperactivity, and elevated BP.
Low expression of CRISP3 predicts a favorable prognosis in patients with mammary carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Sheng Ning , Xie Ying , Chen Sihan , Lu Jun , Zhang Zifeng , Shan Qun , Wu Dongmei , Zheng Guihong , Li Mengqiu , Zheng Yuanlin , Fan Shaohua
Published: January 2019

The discovery of cysteine‐rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) has been made in human neutrophils for the first time. Cloning of the complementary DNA (cDNA) for CRISP3 was performed from a cDNA library of human bone marrow. In patients with mammary carcinoma, we found that lower expression of CRISP3 was connected to a significantly improved DFS (disease‐free survival) and OS (overall survival). Furthermore, the CRISP3 protein level was significantly associated with negative ANXA1 protein level. In addition, the heterogeneous expression of CRISP3 had been exhibited in diverse mammary carcinoma cells. A significant higher mRNA and the protein level of CRISP3 were seen in T‐47D as well as SK‐BR‐3 cells compared with those in other types of mammary carcinoma cells. Knockdown of CRISP3 in T‐47D or SK‐BR‐3 cells resulted in the weakened migration or invasion abilities. Furthermore, CRISP3 knockdown significantly inhibited the ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway in T‐47D or SK‐BR‐3 cells. Research results indicated that the lowering in the expression of CRISP3 is likely to serve as an unprecedented approach for the treatment of mammary carcinoma.
Clinical impact and cost‐effectiveness of noncontrast MRI in the evaluation of suspected appendiceal abscesses in children
Authors: Abdeen Nishard , Naz Fozia , Linthorst Rhys , Khan Usman , Dominguez Pablo Caro , Koujok Khaldoun , Bettoli Marcos , Shenouda Nazih
Published: January 2019

Background

Noncontrast MRI has been shown to be feasible in children with postappendectomy abscesses and helps guide clinical management, but its role in preoperative appendiceal abscesses is unclear.

Purpose

To determine the cost‐effectiveness and impact on clinical management of noncontrast MRI in pediatric patients with suspected appendiceal abscess, both pre‐ and postappendectomy.

Study Type

Retrospective cohort study.

Population

In all, 82 children under the age of 18 years with suspected appendiceal abscess on ultrasound.

Field Strength/Sequence

Diffusion‐weighted imaging and T2‐weighted single‐shot fast spin‐echo imaging of the abdomen and pelvis at 1.5T and 3T.

Assessment

The presence, location, size, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of fluid collections and the presence of a drainage path was noted by three pediatric radiologists. Imaging time, completeness of the exam, and impact on clinical management was recorded. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was calculated for MRI relative to CT, taking into account hospital charges, radiation exposure, and risk of adverse reaction to iodinated contrast.

Statistical Tests

Descriptive statistics were used. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Fleiss' kappa were used to assess interobserver variation. Proportions were compared using Fisher's exact test (statistical significance at P < 0.05).

Results

MRI confirmed the presence of collections in most cases, with alternative diagnosis established in 10 patients (Tubo‐ovarian abscess n = 7, Crohn's disease, ileal anastomotic leak, and Birkitts lymphoma each n = 1). MRI showed the presence of a safe drainage pathway in 92–97% of pelvic abscesses and 86–98% of abdominal abscesses compared with 7–10% and 75–81%, respectively, for ultrasound. MR was cost‐effective compared with CT, taking into account the direct charges, risk of radiation induced cancer, and adverse reaction to iodinated contrast.

Data Conclusion

Noncontrast MR is cost‐effective and affects clinical management in a significant proportion of children with suspected appendiceal abscesses.

Level of Evidence: 5

Technical Efficacy: Stage 6

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Psychometric Evaluation of an Alternate Scoring for the Remote Associates Test
Authors: Beisemann Marie , Forthmann Boris , Bürkner Paul‐Christian , Holling Heinz
Published: January 2019

The Remote Associates Test (RAT; Mednick, 1962; Mednick & Mednick, 1967) is a commonly employed test of creative convergent thinking. The RAT is scored with a dichotomous scoring, scoring correct answers as 1 and all other answers as 0. Based on recent research into the information processing underlying RAT performance, we argued that the dichotomous scoring may lead to a loss of potentially relevant information. Thus, we proposed an alternate scoring based on semantic similarity between the answer given by the participant and the correct solution using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA; Landauer & Dumais, 1997). We evaluate the psychometric properties of the alternate LSA scoring and found evidence of construct validity for the LSA scoring which was comparable to findings for the standard scoring, but not better as we would have expected. Thus, our expectations that LSA‐based scoring of the RAT counteracts potential information loss were not met. However, LSA based scorings appear to be a promising alternative for hardly solvable RAT items. We conducted additional analyses comparing different RAT item types with regard to their validity as well as evaluating the information uniquely contained in the LSA scoring. Implications of all finding for existing research using RAT items are discussed.
Laundry Detergency of Solid Nonparticulate Soil or Waxy Solids: Part II. Effect of the Surfactant Type
Authors: Chanwattanakit Jarussri , Scamehorn John F. , Sabatini David A. , Chavadej Sumaeth
Published: January 2019

In this work, methyl palmitate with a melting point around 30°C was used as a model of waxy soil. Its detergency was evaluated with a hydrophilic surface (cotton) or a hydrophobic surface (polyester) using different surfactants: alcohol ethoxylate (EO9), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), methyl ester sulfonate (MES), methyl ester ethoxylate (MEE), and two extended surfactants (C12,14‐10PO‐2EO‐SO4Na and C12,14‐16PO‐2EO‐SO4Na). The detergency efficiency at a 0.2 wt.% surfactant and 5 wt.% NaCl gradually increased while redeposition gradually decreased with increasing washing temperature in most studied surfactant solutions; this was observed both above and below the melting point of methyl palmitate on both studied fabrics. If the methyl palmitate was heated above the melting point when deposited on the fabric, it was better able to penetrate into the fabric matrix as compared to deposition below the melting point, resulting in poorer detergency for heated deposition, particularly for washing temperatures lower than the melting point. Among the surfactants studied, the nonionic surfactant (EO9) showed the highest detergency efficiency (73–94%) at any washing temperature especially on the polyester fabric. For washing temperatures below the melting point, detergency performance correlated well with the contact angle of surfactant solution on the solid methyl palmitate surface for all studied surfactants when salinity was varied. In this work, conditions resulting in the highest detergency below the melting point corresponded to the highest detergency above the melting point, suggesting this as a systematic approach to formulating below the melting point of the soil. Charge of particles or fabric was not observed to be important to the detergency mechanism, but steric factors resulting from surfactant adsorption were observed to be important mechanistic factors in waxy solid detergency.
Improving the prediction of the fatty acid profile of olive oils by considering statistically relevant harvests and agro‐climatic variables
Authors: Sánchez‐Rodríguez M Isabel , Caridad José M , Sánchez‐López Elena , Marinas Alberto , Urbano Francisco J
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Fatty acids are the major components in extra virgin olive oil, and they are considered as a quality parameter to its authentication. As fraudulent practices are the most important problem in this sector, fast, reliable and cost‐effective techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, have been successfully applied, in combination with chemometrics, to determine the fatty acid profile of oils.

RESULTS

The huge amount of information provided by Raman spectra is reduced in a few orthogonal components of principal component analysis (PCA). The goodness‐of‐fit of the statistical models including only these PCA factors is considerably increased by introducing dummy variables, associated with the harvest, and some agro‐climatic variables (temperature, humidity, wind speed, radiation, precipitation and evapotranspiration). Many of these additional variables are statistically relevant in models using either the global sample or subsamples of Andalusian provinces or olive varieties.

CONCLUSIONS

The regression models using only Raman spectral information are clearly improved by the consideration of harvesting time and agro‐climatic data, a useful result as trade standard applying to olive oils limits values for disaggregated fatty acids to authenticate olive oils. Nevertheless, the effect (or the statistical relevance) of these variables depends on the specific type of fatty acid, geographical region (province) or olive variety. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Capacitive touchscreen‐integrated electrostatic tactile display with localized sensation
Authors: Haga Hiroshi , Sugimoto Daisuke , Yang Yiping , Sasaki Harue , Asai Takuya , Shigemura Koji
Published: January 2019

An electrostatic tactile display with a projected capacitive touchscreen integrated into a single panel was demonstrated. Every electrode on the panel is driven for both tactile presentation and the touch sensor. The functions are both time and spatially multiplexed, and a reference–node‐driven high‐pass filter in the touch controller filters out the noise from the tactile driving signals.
Oil palm empty fruit bunch extract as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution: Central composite design optimization
Authors: Haris Nur Izzah Nabilah , Sobri Shafreeza , Kassim Norazila
Published: January 2019

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) extract was evaluated as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 1 M hydrochloric acid using weight loss technique. OPEFB extract was prepared at various concentrations of 0.2–1.0 v/v% for preliminary study. Central composite design (CCD)‐based optimization was engaged to analyze the factors and to maximize inhibition efficiency. The highest inhibition efficiency was estimated up to 99.95%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies confirmed the presence of active compounds and deposition of extract on metal surface. Thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption obeyed Langmuir isotherm and inhibition mechanism inclined toward physisorption.
Characteristics and Mechanism of Styrene Cationic Polymerization in Aqueous Media Initiated by Cumyl Alcohol/B(C6F5)3
Authors: Zhang Jinghan , Wu Yibo , Li Xiaoning , Yang Dan , Zhang Min , Wang Hao , Shang Yuwei , Ren Ping , Mu Xin , Li Shuxin , Guo Wenli
Published: January 2019

Styrene cationic polymerizations initiated by cumyl alcohol (CumOH)/B(C6F5)3 are systematically studied in aqueous suspension and emulsion. Theoretical calculations and experimental research suggest that CumOH/B(C6F5)3 has higher initiating activity than H2O/B(C6F5)3. During emulsion polymerization of styrene, molecular weight and polymerization rate decrease with the addition of surfactants. These polymerization processes share the same features. Specifically, all elemental reactions (initiation, propagation, and termination) in aqueous media occur at the droplet interface. End structure analysis indicates that chain transfer reactions to water and a‐proton elimination and chain transfer reactions to monomer occur. The possible mechanism for the styrene cationic polymerization in aqueous media is demonstrated.
Functional analysis of the p.[Arg74Trp;Val201Met;Asp1270Asn]/p.Phe508del CFTR mutation genotype in human native colon
Authors: Schucht Sylvia , Minso Rebecca , Lex Christiane , Reiss Jochen , Stanke Frauke , Tamm Stephanie , van Barneveld Andrea , Tümmler Burkhard
Published: January 2019

Background

The impact of complex alleles on CFTR processing and function has yet not been investigated in native human tissue.

Methods

Intestinal current measurements (ICM) followed by CFTR immunoblot were performed on rectal biopsies taken from two siblings who are compound heterozygous for the CFTR mutations p.Phe508del and the complex allele p.[Arg74Trp;Val201Met;Asp1270Asn].

Results

Normal and subnormal chloride secretory responses in the ICM were associated with normal and fourfold reduced amounts of the mature glycoform band C CFTR, respectively, consistent with the unequal clinical phenotype of the siblings.

Conclusion

The combined use of bioassay and protein analysis is particularly meaningful to resolve the CFTR phenotype of “indeterminate” borderline CFTR genotypes on a case‐to‐case basis.
Association of human leukocyte antigens‐DQB2/DPA1/DPB1 polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis in the Chinese Uygur population
Authors: Wang Xue , Cao Xudong , Zhang Wanjiang , Zhang Le , Lu Lijun , Li Xinyue , El‐Ashram Saeed , Wu Jiangdong , Chen Chuangfu
Published: January 2019

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second‐leading cause of death globally. Genetic polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigens (HLA)‐DQB2, HLA‐DPA1, and HLA‐DPB1 may partly explain individual differences in TB susceptibility.

Methods

We performed a hospital‐based case–control study to assess the genetic influence of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HLA (HLA‐DPA, HLA‐DPB, and HLA‐DQB) on the development of TB. There were 248 TB‐infected cases and 340 healthy controls in this study.

Results

The HLA‐DQB2 rs7453920 genotype GG was applied as the reference group, the GA genotype was related to a considerably magnified risk of TB (GA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 1.547, 95% CI = 1.039–2.304, p = 0.032). Nevertheless, the other two SNPs were not associated with TB risk. Stratified analyses suggested that tobacco was associated with an increased risk of TB in HLA‐DQB2 rs7453920 G>A.

Conclusion

These results suggested that the functional HLA‐DQB2 rs7453920 G>A polymorphism may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to TB. Nevertheless, the results were based on a limited sample size, and larger well‐designed studies are expected to confirm these preliminary findings.
Trendbericht Anorganische Chemie: Hauptgruppenelemente
Authors: Hering‐Junghans Christian , Sindlinger Christian
Published: January 2019

Hauptgruppenelemente: Magnesium aktiviert reversibel kleine Moleküle. Stickstoffaktivierung ist nun auch Hauptgruppenangelegenheit. Aluminium zeigt sein nukleophiles Gesicht. Phosphate eignen sich, um funktionalisierte Phosphane herzustellen, und Anionen können mehr Chlor enthalten als gedacht. Bioanorganische und Koordinationschemie: Einblicke in den Mechanismus von [FeFe]‐Hydrogenasen, Rhenium(III)‐Pinzettenkomplexe spalten N2, und Erdalkalimetalle bilden Carbonylkomplexe, die der 18‐Elektronen‐Regel entsprechen.
Interview mit Helga Rübsamen‐Schaeff: "Konzentrierte, kompromisslose Forschung"
Authors: Remenyi Christian , Zbikowski Frauke
Published: January 2019

Ihr Arbeitgeber gab die Entwicklung virenhemmender Medikamente auf. Die Chemikerin Helga Rübsamen‐Schaeff hielt daran fest und gründete das Unternehmen Aicuris, Anti‐infective Cures. Nun hat sie den Zukunftspreis des Bundespräsidenten erhalten.
Vorstandssitzung
Authors: Koch Wolfram
Published: January 2019

Die zweite Sitzung des Vorstands der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker in Jahr 2018 fand am 16. September in Saarbrücken im Zusammenhang mit der dort stattfindenden 130. Versammlung der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte (GDNÄ) statt.
Chemiewirtschaft: Mehr Pharma
Authors: Süssmuth Lisa
Published: January 2019

Der Verband der Chemischen Industrie bilanziert das Jahr 2018: Produktion, Umsatz und Beschäftigung waren höher als zuvor.
Patient satisfaction with the quality of nursing care
Authors: Karaca Anita , Durna Zehra
Published: January 2019

Aim

To evaluate patients’ satisfaction with the quality of nursing care and examine associated factors.

Design

A cross‐sectional, descriptive survey study.

Methods

The sample was composed of 635 patients discharged from a private hospital. Data were collected using “Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire” with a total of 19 items, and a questionnaire designed to record socio‐demographic characteristics and medical histories between January 1–May 31, 2015.

Results

Patients were more satisfied with the “Concern and Caring by Nurses” and less satisfied with the “Information You Were Given.” Patients (63.9%) described nursing care offered during hospitalization as excellent. Patients who were 18–35 years old, married, college or university graduates, treated at the surgery and obstetrics–gynaecology units, and patients who stated their health as excellent and hospitalized once or at least five times were more satisfied with the nursing care. According to this study, the nurses needed to show greater amount of interest to the information‐giving process.
Optimal control of differential‐algebraic equations from an ordinary differential equation perspective
Authors: Ilchmann Achim , Leben Leslie , Witschel Jonas , Worthmann Karl
Published: January 2019

We study the optimal control problem (OCP) for regular linear differentialalgebraic systems. To this end, we introduce the input index, which allows, on the one hand, to characterize the space of consistent initial values in terms of a Kalman‐like matrix and, on the other hand, the necessary smoothness properties of the control. The latter is essential to make the problem accessible from a numerical point of view. Moreover, we derive an augmented system as the key to analyze the OCP with tools well known from optimal control of ordinary differential equations. The new concepts of the input index and the augmented system provide easily checkable sufficient conditions, which ensure that the stage costs are consistent with the differential‐algebraic system.
Successful treatment of a metastatic hepatocellular malignant neoplasm, not otherwise specified with chemotherapy and liver transplantation
Authors: Seng Michaela S. , Berry Bligh , Karpelowsky Jonathan , Thomas Gordon , Mews Catherine , Stormon Michael , Shun Albert , Cole Catherine
Published: January 2019

Hepatocellular malignant neoplasm, not otherwise specified (HCN‐NOS) is a provisional entity describing a subset of rare malignant pediatric liver tumors with overlapping features of hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. We present a case illustration of metastatic HCN‐NOS successfully treated with a backbone of hepatoblastoma chemotherapy, pulmonary metastastectomy, and liver transplantation, along with a literature review of the clinical outcomes of HCN.
TLC‐bioautography identification and GC‐MS analysis of antimicrobial and antioxidant active compounds in Musa × paradisiaca L. fruit pulp essential oil
Authors: Fahim Mohd. , Ibrahim Mohammad , Zahiruddin Sultan , Parveen Rabea , Khan Washim , Ahmad Sayeed , Shrivastava Birendra , Shrivastava A.K.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

The absence of microbial growth and resistance to oxidative deterioration in fruits of Musa × paradisiaca L. (bananas) is an indication of the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant metabolites.

Objective

In order to investigate the secondary metabolomic spectrum as well as the active antimicrobial and antioxidants present in essential oils (EOs) from fruits of different geographical areas of M. × paradisiaca, gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) principal component data correlation analysis is complemented with antimicrobial assays and phytochemical and bioautographic antioxidant fingerprints with thin layer chromatography (TLC).

Methodology

An EO was obtained by steam distillation and subjected to GC‐MS and TLC for metabolomic profiling from fruit pulp. The antimicrobial potential was tested in both Escherichia coli as a gram negative and Bacillus subtilis as a gram positive microbe. Potential antioxidant metabolites were identified through TLC‐bioautography and GC‐MS analysis of active zones.

Results

A maximum of 0.56% v/w EO was isolated from fruit pulps of M. × paradisiaca. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against B. subtillis and E. coli were 0.25 and 0.35 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, 56 metabolites were identified through GC‐MS. The major abundant antimicrobial metabolites found in EOs are α‐thujene, γ‐terpinene, α‐ and β‐pinene, sabinene, β‐myrcene, limonene, α‐capaene, caryophyllene and (Z,E)‐α farnesene. Aceteugenol, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitin, and stearin were identified as antioxidant metabolites. Principal component analysis of metabolite data reveals correlations and a clear separation based on metabolites obtained from various areas.

Conclusion

The data generated using metabolic profiling and cluster analysis helped to identify antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in M. × paradisiaca.
Can early intervention in pediatric asthma improve long‐term outcomes? A question that needs an answer
Authors: Lanz Miguel J. , Gilbert Ileen , Szefler Stanley J. , Murphy Kevin R.
Published: January 2019

Objective

Although many children with asthma do not experience persistence into adulthood, recent studies have suggested that poorly controlled asthma in childhood may be associated with significant airflow obstruction in adulthood. However, data regarding disease progression are lacking, and clinicians are not yet able to predict the course of a child's asthma. The goal of this article was to assess the current understanding of childhood asthma treatment and progression and to highlight gaps in information that remain.

Data Sources

Nonsystematic PubMed literature search and authors’ expertise.

Study Selection

Articles were selected at the authors’ discretion based on areas of interest in childhood asthma treatment and progression into adulthood.

Results

Uncontrolled asthma in early childhood can potentially have lasting effects on lung development, but it is unclear whether traditional interventions in very young children preserve lung function. Although not all children respond to standard interventions, certain asthma phenotypes have been identified that can help to understand which children may respond to a particular treatment.

Conclusion

Clinicians should monitor children's asthma control and pulmonary function over time to assess the long‐term impact of an intervention and to minimize the effect of uncontrolled asthma, especially exacerbations, on lung development. New biologic therapies have shown promise in treating adults with severe, uncontrolled asthma, and some of these therapies are approved in the United States for children as young as age 6. However, knowledge gaps regarding the efficacy and safety of these treatments in younger children hamper our understanding of their effect on long‐term outcomes.
Tat basic domain: A “Swiss army knife” of HIV‐1 Tat?
Authors: Kurnaeva Margarita A. , Sheval Eugene V. , Musinova Yana R. , Vassetzky Yegor S.
Published: January 2019

Tat (transactivator of transcription) regulates transcription from the HIV provirus. It plays a crucial role in disease progression, supporting efficient replication of the viral genome. Tat also modulates many functions in the host genome via its interaction with chromatin and proteins. Many of the functions of Tat are associated with its basic domain rich in arginine and lysine residues. It is still unknown why the basic domain exhibits so many diverse functions. However, the highly charged basic domain, coupled with the overall structural flexibility of Tat protein itself, makes the basic domain a key player in binding to or associating with cellular and viral components. In addition, the basic domain undergoes diverse posttranslational modifications, which further expand and modulate its functions. Here, we review the current knowledge of Tat basic domain and its versatile role in the interaction between the virus and the host cell.
Semiparametric linear transformation models: Effect measures, estimators, and applications
Authors: De Neve Jan , Thas Olivier , Gerds Thomas A.
Published: January 2019

Semiparametric linear transformation models form a versatile class of regression models with the Cox proportional hazards model being the most well‐known member. These models are well studied for right censored outcomes and are typically used in survival analysis. We consider transformation models as a tool for situations with uncensored continuous outcomes where linear regression is not appropriate. We introduce the probabilistic index as a uniform effect measure for the class of transformation models. We discuss and compare three estimators using a working Cox regression model: the partial likelihood estimator, an estimator based on binary generalized linear models and one based on probabilistic index model estimating equations. The latter has a superior performance in terms of bias and variance when the working model is misspecified. For the purpose of illustration, we analyze data that were collected at an urban alcohol and drug detoxification unit.
Microstructure Evolution in an Advanced 9Cr–1.5Mo–1Co–VNbBN Alloy during Heat Treatment and High Temperature Aging
Authors: Gao Jingen , Dong Zhizhong , Ren Haitao , Ning Baoqun , Xu Xiangqi , Chen Zipan
Published: January 2019

The 9Cr–1.5Mo–1Co–VNbBN steel is the most successful cast steel developed so far in the COST program. Its microstructure evolution influenced by austenitizing and tempering are investigated in this paper. The microstructure characterization using an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope is carried out after different heat treatments and long‐term aging at 620 °C. After austenitization at 1100 °C, the steel exhibits a martensite structure with Fe‐rich M3C particles. The M23C6 particles are detected in the sample tempered at 500 °C for 2 h, as well as their sizes continue to grow as the tempering temperature raise. The formation of MX phase is identified after tempering at 500 °C, while the size of MX phase remains stable within the tempering temperature 760 °C and below. The structure evolution of martensitic laths shows that tempering reduces the density of dislocation and forms subgrains and dislocation networks. The microstructure of long‐term aged sample still reveals martensite lath structure with increasing width. In addition to M23C6 and MX phases, Laves phase nucleates and grows rapidly as a result of long‐term aging.
Estimating the risk of PTSD in recent trauma survivors: results of the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP)
Authors: Shalev Arieh Y. , Gevonden Martin , Ratanatharathorn Andrew , Laska Eugene , van der Mei Willem F. , Qi Wei , Lowe Sarah , Lai Betty S. , Bryant Richard A. , Delahanty Douglas , Matsuoka Yutaka J. , Olff Miranda , Schnyder Ulrich , Seedat Soraya , deRoon‐Cassini Terri A. , Kessler Ronald C. , Koenen Karestan C. ,   International Consortium to Predict PTSD
Published: January 2019

A timely determination of the risk of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prerequisite for efficient service delivery and prevention. We provide a risk estimate tool allowing a calculation of individuals’ PTSD likelihood from early predictors. Members of the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) shared individual participants’ item‐level data from ten longitudinal studies of civilian trauma survivors admitted to acute care centers in six countries. Eligible participants (N=2,473) completed an initial clinical assessment within 60 days of trauma exposure, and at least one follow‐up assessment 4‐15 months later. The Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐IV (CAPS) evaluated PTSD symptom severity and diagnostic status at each assessment. Participants’ education, prior lifetime trauma exposure, marital status and socio‐economic status were assessed and harmonized across studies. The study's main outcome was the likelihood of a follow‐up PTSD given early predictors. The prevalence of follow‐up PTSD was 11.8% (9.2% for male participants and 16.4% for females). A logistic model using early PTSD symptom severity (initial CAPS total score) as a predictor produced remarkably accurate estimates of follow‐up PTSD (predicted vs. raw probabilities: r=0.976). Adding respondents’ female gender, lower education, and exposure to prior interpersonal trauma to the model yielded higher PTSD likelihood estimates, with similar model accuracy (predicted vs. raw probabilities: r=0.941). The current model could be adjusted for other traumatic circumstances and accommodate risk factors not captured by the ICPP (e.g., biological, social). In line with their use in general medicine, risk estimate models can inform clinical choices in psychiatry. It is hoped that quantifying individuals’ PTSD risk will be a first step towards systematic prevention of the disorder.
Patterns in the long‐term viability of North American zoo populations
Authors: Che‐Castaldo Judy , Johnson Brent , Magrisso Nicole , Mechak Lauren , Melton Kayla , Mucha Katelyn , Terwilliger Lauren , Theis Melissa , Long Sarah , Faust Lisa
Published: January 2019

Recent concerns about the viability of zoo populations have motivated studies on the historic and current status of animal populations in North American and European zoos. However, these evaluations may not accurately reflect the populations’ long‐term viability in the decades to come. Here, we assessed the projected future status of North American zoo populations by conducting standardized population viability analyses (PVAs) for 137 cooperative breeding programs. We summarized PVA results to describe patterns in viability across populations, and examined whether viability can be predicted by biological or management‐based factors. Under recent management practices and without imports or exports of animals, 64% of populations will decline in size over the next 25 years, and only 18% would retain ≥90% of the founding gene diversity (GD) in 100 years. However, viability would improve if programs can implement management changes (e.g., increasing reproduction, increasing holding space, and importing genetically unique individuals, as appropriate): only 16% of populations would still decline in 25 years, and 49% would retain ≥90% GD in 100 years. Programs with more participating institutions and a “green” Association of Zoos and Aquariums animal program designation were projected to have higher metrics of demographic viability, and those with longer lifespans and lower recent death rates were projected to have higher metrics of genetic viability. Due to the large variation in species life history, management goals, and constraints across programs, our findings suggest there is unlikely to be a single path to long‐term viability that would be appropriate for all zoo populations.
Probing new electroweak states via precision measurements at the LHC and future colliders
Authors: Di Luzio Luca , Gröber Ramona , Panico Giuliano
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Several new physics scenarios, motivated e.g. by dark matter, feature new electroweakly charged states where the lightest particle in the multiplet is stable and neutral. In such cases direct searches at LHC are notoriously difficult, while electroweak precision tests both at hadron and lepton colliders offer the possibility to indirectly probe those states. In this work, we assess the sensitivity of the high-luminosity phase of the LHC on new electroweak multiplets via the modification of neutral and charged Drell-Yan processes, and compare the reach of future hadron and lepton colliders presently under consideration.
Robotic Versus Conventional Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Ng Ka Ting , Tsia Azlan Kok Vui , Chong Vanessa Yu Ling
Published: January 2019

Background

Minimally invasive surgery has been considered as an alternative to open surgery by surgeons for colorectal cancer. However, the efficacy and safety profiles of robotic and conventional laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer remain unclear in the literature. The primary aim of this review was to determine whether robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (RAS) has better clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer patients than conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS).

Methods

All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies were systematically searched in the databases of CENTRAL, EMBASE and PubMed from their inception until January 2018. Case reports, case series and non‐systematic reviews were excluded.

Results

Seventy‐three studies (6 RCTs and 67 observational studies) were eligible (n = 169,236) for inclusion in the data synthesis. In comparison with the CLS arm, RAS cohort was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of conversion to open surgery (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 65%; REM: OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.30,0.53), all‐cause mortality (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 7%; FEM: OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.36,0.64) and wound infection (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 0%; FEM: OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.11,1.39). Patients who received RAS had a significantly shorter duration of hospitalization (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 94%; REM: MD − 0.77; 95% CI 1.12, − 0.41; day), time to oral diet (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 60%; REM: MD − 0.43; 95% CI − 0.64, − 0.21; day) and lesser intraoperative blood loss (ρ = 0.01, I2 = 88%; REM: MD − 18.05; 95% CI − 32.24, − 3.85; ml). However, RAS cohort was noted to require a significant longer duration of operative time (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 93%; REM: MD 38.19; 95% CI 28.78,47.60; min).

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis suggests that RAS provides better clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer patients as compared to the CLS at the expense of longer duration of operative time. However, the inconclusive trial sequential analysis and an overall low level of evidence in this review warrant future adequately powered RCTs to draw firm conclusion.
Truncation of tensors in the hierarchical format
Authors: Hackbusch Wolfgang
Published: January 2019

Tensors are in general large-scale data which require a special representation. These representations are also called a format. After mentioning the r-term and tensor subspace formats, we describe the hierarchical tensor format which is the most flexible one. Since operations with tensors often produce tensors of larger memory cost, truncation to reduced ranks is of utmost importance. The so-called higher-order singular-value decomposition (HOSVD) provides a save truncation with explicit error control. The paper explains in detail how the HOSVD procedure is performed within the hierarchical tensor format. Finally, we state special favourable properties of the HOSVD truncation.
Design of Passenger Aerial Ropeway for Urban Environment
Authors: Lagerev Alexander V. , Lagerev Igor A.
Published: January 2019

Aerial ropeway is an effective alternative to the conventional modes of land public transport in metropolitan areas and cities. Construction of passenger aerial ropeways in urban environment is a very costly enterprise in terms of engineering and economics, and requires significant financial resources. This article is aimed at the development of the design method of the passenger aerial ropeway, ensuring the reduction in its construction cost. For this purpose, the individual components of the construction cost are considered, and the approximate calculation dependencies are proposed. It is shown that the cost of the aerial ropeway is mainly influenced by the installation step, height of intermediate towers and carrying rope tension. The task of the conditional nonlinear optimization of the given parameters is formulated and solved in the research. This task ensures the minimum cost of the aerial ropeway. The optimization task is done by taking into account possible limitations on the ropeway laying in the severely urbanized environment (the terrain, urban infrastructure arrangement, altitude performance of the urban development, technical characteristics of the carrying rope, etc.). Implementing the solution findings of the given optimization task makes it possible to significantly reduce the construction cost of aerial ropeways in urban environment.