bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PEMELIHARAAN KARYAWAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS KARYAWAN PADA PT. BANK SULSELBAR KANTOR PUSAT MAKASSAR
Authors: Daga Rosnaini
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul “Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Program Pemeliharaan Karyawan Terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan Pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Kantor Pusat Makassar”, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh pelaksanaan program pemeliharaan karyawan terhadap loyalitas karyawan pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Kantor Pusat Makassar .Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda, ini digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh antara komunikasi (X1), insentif (X2), kesejahteraan karyawan (X3), keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (X4), dan hubungan industrial pancasila (X5) terhadap Loyalitas karyawan (Y). Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisi regresi berganda.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Variabel komunikasi berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap loyalitas karyawan pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Kantor Pusat Makassar, Variabel insentif berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas karyawan pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Kantor Pusat Makassar, Variabel kesejahteraan karyawan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap loyalitas karyawan pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Kantor Pusat Makassar. Variabel keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja karyawan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas karyawan pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Kantor Pusat Makassar.Variabel Hubungan industrial pancasila berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas karyawan pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Kantor Pusat Makassar
1st Virtual Meeting for Publication Hunter: Step by Step of Publication Process Early & Preparation before Submitting Manuscript to a Journal
Authors: Sunarti
Published: March 2021

1st Virtual Meeting for Publication Hunter: Step by Step of Publication Process Early & Preparation before Submitting Manuscript to a Journal
Camouflaging in autism: a systematic review
Authors: cook Julia , Hull Laura , Crane Laura , Mandy William
Published: March 2021

Some autistic people employ strategies and behaviours to cope with the everyday social world, thereby ‘camouflaging’ their autistic differences and difficulties. This review aimed to systematically appraise and synthesise the current evidence base pertaining to autistic camouflaging. Following a systematic search of eight databases, 29 studies quantifying camouflaging in children and adults with autism diagnoses or high levels of autistic traits were reviewed. The multiple methods used to measure camouflaging broadly fell under two different approaches: internal-external discrepancy or self-report. These approaches appear to relate to two distinct but potentially connected elements of camouflaging: observable behavioural presentations and self-perceived camouflaging efforts. While significant variation was noted across individual study findings, much the existing literature supported three preliminary findings about the nature of autistic camouflaging: (1) adults with more self-reported autistic traits report greater engagement in camouflaging; (2) sex and gender differences exist in camouflaging; and (3) higher self-reported camouflaging is associated with worse mental health outcomes. However, the research base was limited regarding participant characterisation and representativeness, which suggests that conclusions cannot be applied to the autistic community as a whole. We propose priorities for future research in refining the current understanding of camouflaging and improving measurement methods.
Settlements around pumping wells: analysis of influential factors and a simple calculation
Authors: Pujades Estanislao
Published: March 2021

Estimated and measured settlements caused by pumping rarely agree. Several reasons could explain this mismatch, including the influence of layering, the mechanical parameters used in the predictions, or the relationship between settlements and drawdown. We analyze the influence of the above issues by investigating the mechanical response of pumped elastic porous media under different conditions. A radially symmetric conceptual model is considered and several hydro-mechanical simulations are performed varying the boundary conditions, the size of the modeled domain and the presence or not of an overlying layer. The simplicity of the considered problem allows us to compare our results with existing analytical solutions, to identify the role of each variable on pumping settlements and to generalize the results. The most relevant results are as follows: (1) settlements are proportional to drawdown only outside a circle of radius equal to 0.7 times the thickness of the pumped porous medium; inside, they are virtually constant, which leads to two simple procedures for computing pumping settlements. (2) Poorly conductive layers located above (or below) a pumped porous medium (with higher hydraulic conductivity) reduce and smooth settlements. (3) Boundary constraints affect the local specific storage coefficient and the displacements occurred. (4) The specific storage coefficient evaluated by interpreting pumping tests with the Cooper and Jacob method (1946) leads to overestimation of the actual Young’s Modulus of the soil. The main conclusion is that settlements are less differential than expected near pumping wells. Still, they must always be evaluated acknowledging the nature of layering, the boundary constraints and carefully selecting the mechanical parameters of the soil.
PENGARUH LIFESTYLE DAN PERSONALITY TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN NASABAH MENGGUNAKAN ATM BANK SULSELBAR CABANG UTAMA MAKASSAR
Authors: Daga Rosnaini
Published: March 2021

Penelitian berjudul “Pengaruh Lifestyle Dan Personality Terhadap Keputusan Nasabah Menggunakan Atm Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Makassar”Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : Untuk menganalisis pengaruh Lifestyle nasabah pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Makassar, Untuk Mengananalisis Pengaruh Personality Nasabah pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Makassar, dan Untuk Menganalisis Pengaruh Lifestyle dan Personality Nasabah pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Makassar.Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasaan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan dari hasil analisis yaitu sebagai berikut: Lifestyle berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan nasabah menggunakan ATM Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Makassar. Nilai signifikan 0.000 > 0.05 Personalityberpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan nasabah menggunakan ATM Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Makassar. Nilai signifikan 0.009 > 0.05 dan Secara simultan lifestyle dan personalityberpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan nasabah menggunakan ATM Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Makassar
SampleSizePlanner: A Tool to Estimate and Justify Sample Size for Two-Group Studies
Authors: Kovacs Marton , van Ravenzwaaij Don , Hoekstra Rink , Aczel Balazs
Published: March 2021

Planning sample size often requires researchers to identify a statistical technique and to make several choices during their calculations. Currently, there is a lack of clear guidelines for researchers to find and use the applicable procedure. In the present tutorial, we introduce a web app and R package that offer nine different procedures to determine and justify the sample size for independent two-group study designs. The application highlights the most important decision points for each procedure and suggests example justifications for them. The resulting sample size report can serve as a template for preregistrations and manuscripts.
A speed-of-play limit reduces gambling expenditure in an online roulette game: Results of an online experiment
Authors: Newall Philip Warren Stirling , Weiss-Cohen Leonardo , Singmann Henrik , Boyce William Paul , Walasek Lukasz , Rockloff Matthew
Published: March 2021

UK online casino games are presently not subject to any limitations on speed-of-play or stakes. One recent policy proposal is to ensure that no online casino game can be played faster than its in-person equivalent. Another policy proposal is to limit the maximum stakes on online casino games to £2, to match the current stake limit on electronic gambling machines. This research experimentally investigated the speed-of-play proposal subject to a £2 stake limit, in an online experiment using incentivized payouts based on £4 endowments and a commercial online roulette game, which was slowed-down in one condition to enforce a speed-of-play limit of one spin every 60 seconds. UK residents, aged 18 years and over and with experience in playing online roulette (N=1,002), were recruited from an online crowdsourcing panel. In the slowed-down condition there was a credible reduction in the amount gambled. This effect occurred via a credible reduction in the mean number of spins which outweighed any potential increases in bet sizes. Speed-of-play limits may be effective in reducing gambling expenditure for online roulette.
Cost-benefit analysis in physical effort expenditure: An electrophysiological registered report
Authors: Umemoto Akina , Lin Hause , Inzlicht Michael
Published: March 2021

Navigating through everyday life requires us to make series of choices involving effort: Isit worth the effort for what I want to accomplish? Effort-based decision making depends on evaluating the value of effort-related costs against potential rewards, and only when the rewards outweigh their effort costs do effortful behaviors tend to get carried out. Despite a surge of research on this topic, what effortful control and reward processes are involved in such decisions and whether electrophysiological measures of control and reward processes could better elucidate these processes remain unclear. Here, we will parametrically manipulate effort and reward levels to investigate their effects on different decision processes (i.e., choice evaluation,choice itself, subsequent physical effort production, reward feedback valuation). To assess these decision processes, we will examine two electrophysiological indices: frontal midline theta power and reward positivity amplitude; further, we will investigate whether these indices trackcost-benefit integration, which will be reflected in subjective values derived from behavioralmodelling of choices. Our goal is to understand how effort and reward affect different aspects of decision making and effort production, and how the electrophysiological and behavioral measures of these processes relate to each other.
Development of directed global inhibition, competitive inhibition and behavioural inhibition during the transition between infancy and toddlerhood
Authors: Hendry Alexandra , Greenhalgh Isobel , Bailey Rhiannon , Fiske Abigail , Dvergsdal Henrik , Holmboe Karla
Published: March 2021

Inhibitory control (IC) is a core executive function integral to self-regulation and cognitive control, yet is itself multi-componential. Directed global inhibition entails stopping an action on demand. Competitive inhibition is engaged when an alternative response must also be produced. Related, but not an executive function, is temperamentally-driven wariness of novelty, known as behavioural inhibition. Understanding early development of these components has been hampered by a shortage of suitable measures. We combine established and novel measures to capture directed global inhibition (Toy Prohibition, Touchscreen Prohibition), competitive inhibition (A-not-B, Early Childhood Inhibitory Touchscreen Task; ECITT) and behavioural inhibition (Touchscreen Approach) in 113 10- and 16-month-olds (73 seen longitudinally). ECITT performance shows good 1-week test-retest reliability at 10-months (r=.30-.60) but little stability to 16-months. Directed global inhibition performance shows developmental progression but little stability of individual differences from 10-16 months. Performance on measures targeting similar IC components shows greater coherence at 16-months (r=.23-.59) compared with 10-months (r=.09-.35). Probing of ECITT condition effects indicates toddlers are more able, compared with infants, to override immediate prepotencies; indicative of increasingly flexible control over behaviour. However, exerting IC over cumulative prepotencies appears just as challenging for toddlers as infants. Exploratory analyses show little evidence for cross-sectional or longitudinal associations between behavioural, directed global and competitive inhibition. In combination, these findings indicate that IC is not yet a stable, unidimensional construct during the transition between infancy and toddlerhood, and highlight the need for careful selection of multiple measures for those interested in capturing early variation in IC.
Visualizations with statistical details: The 'ggstatsplot' approach
Authors: Patil Indrajeet
Published: March 2021

Graphical displays can reveal problems in a statistical model that might not be apparent from purely numerical summaries. Such visualizations can also be helpful for the reader to evaluate validity of a model if the said analysis is reported in a scholarly publication or report. But, given the onerous costs involved, researchers often avoid preparing information-rich graphics and exploring several statistical approaches/ or tests available. The `ggstatsplot` package in R programming language provides a one-line syntax to create densely informative `ggplot2`-based visualizations with the results from statistical analysis embedded in the visualization itself. In doing so, the package helps researchers adopt a rigorous, reliable, and robust data exploratory and reporting workflow.
Testing the Tolerance Principle: Children form productive rules when it is more computationally efficient
Authors: Schuler Kathryn , Yang Charles , Newport Elissa
Published: March 2021

During language acquisition, children must learn when to generalize a pattern – applying it broadly and to new words (‘add –ed’ in English) – and when to restrict generalization, storing the pattern only with specific lexical items. But what governs when children will form productive rules during language acquisition? How do they determine when a pattern is widespread enough to generalize to novel words, and when a pattern should not extend beyond the cases they have observed in their input? One effort to quantify the conditions for generalization, the Tolerance Principle (Yang, 2016), has been shown to accurately predict children’s generalization behavior in dozens of corpus-based studies. The Tolerance Principle hypothesizes that a general rule will be formed when it is computationally more efficient than storing lexical forms individually. Here we test the Tolerance Principle in two artificial language experiments with children. In both experiments, we exposed children to a language with 9 novel nouns, some of which followed a regular pattern to form the plural (-ka) and some of which were exceptions to this rule. As predicted by the Tolerance Principle, in Experiment 1 we found that children exposed to 5 regular forms and 4 exceptions generalized, applying the regular form to 100% of novel test words. Children exposed to 3 regular forms and 6 exceptions did not extend the rule, even though the regular form was still the majority token in this condition. In Experiment 2, we found that children continued to behave categorically: either forming a productive rule (applying the regular form on all test trials) or using the regular form no more than predicted by chance. We found that the Tolerance Principle can be used to predict whether children will form a productive generalization or not based on each child’s individual vocabulary size. The Tolerance Principle appears to capture something fundamental about the way in which children form productive generalizations during language acquisition.
Using mobility networks to understand occupational sex segregation
Authors: Block Per
Published: March 2021

Decades after the beginning of the gender revolution, most women and men still work in sex-typed occupations. This is a primary driver of the gender wage gap. Research describing the patterns of occupational sex segregation focuses on supposedly innate job characteristics that match gender stereotypical abilities and preferences, such as the use of mathematical skills or social skills, on income and status differences between occupations, and on organizational job characteristics, for example, the need to work long hours. However, beyond such occupational attributes, sex segregation is hypothesized to exhibit emergent patterns that are linked to the interdependent job mobility of women and men, in particular, men selectively leaving feminizing occupations. Developing new tools inspired by statistical network research, and using representative, longitudinal data that contain detailed occupational mobility from the UK between 2000 and 2008, this replacement mechanism is analyzed. I show that 19-28% of observed sex segregation is linked to this emergent phenomenon in a statistical model that disentangles the various predictors of the allocation of women and men to different occupations. This makes it the most important predictor of segregation in contrast to concurrently modelled explanations based on occupational characteristics.
Protective effects of Cyathula prostrata leaf extract on olanzapine-induced obese rats
Authors: Hassan RI , Oloyede HOB , Salawu MO , Akolade JO
Published: March 2021

Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug often induces excessive weight resulting in obesity. The adverse effect hinder adherence to drug regimens and therefore relapse into psychosis. Traditionally in Nigeria, leaf broth from Cyathula prostrata leaf is consumed to achieve weight loss. Rats were first administered 50-200 mg/kg bw CPLE and orlistat (5 mg/kg bw), used as reference. Rats were then administered 8 mg/kg bw of olanzapine one hour after the administration of the CPLE and orlistat, all the administration were done for 28 days. Those with body mass index (BMI) ˃ 0.5 g/cm2 were considered obese. The influence of the extract at varying doses on BMI, lipid profiles, oxidative and enzyme markers in the heart and liver of the obese rats were evaluated. Anthropometric data showed that CPLE significantly (p < 0.05) induced weight loss and attenuated BMI increase when compared to untreated olanzapine-induced obese rats. Biochemical analyses also revealed reduction in the serum level of LDL-c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipase and creatine kinase activities in CPLE-treated groups. Concentration of malondialdehyde was decreased, while the activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as that of alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase were increased following administration of CPLE to the obese rats. Findings from this study supported the indigenous use of extracts from C. prostrata leaf in the management of obesity. The study concluded that CPLE can protect against weight gain, obesity, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and alteration in the heart and liver function parameters induced by olanzapine co-administration in rats.
Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats
Authors: Lappa EL , Zangueu C Bogning , Nguemfo EL , Wanche JJ Kojom , Sonfack CS , Fongang AL Magne , Dongmo AB
Published: March 2021

Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.
PERANCANGAN LUNAR SMART LAMP UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI KUALITAS TIDUR DEWASA TINGKAT AWAL
Authors: Trisusanto Endo , Kusumo Pandansari , Pratama Agatha
Published: March 2021

Tidur merupakan kegiatan rutin yang dilakukan oleh manusia. Tidur memiliki manfaat yang sangat besar untuk kesehatan dan metabolisme tubuh. Namun seringkali kualitas tidur seseorang tergolong kurang baik karena pengaruh padatnya kegiatan sehari-hari. Hal ini berpengaruh pada durasi tidur seseorang dan keberlangsungan saat tidur. Pada tahap usia dewasa awal, seseorang akan mengalami tingkat kesibukan yang sangat tinggi mulai dari urusan pekerjaan hingga rumah tangga seperti yang dialami oleh kalangan eksekutif muda. Keseharian yang tergolong mewah mulai dari kepemilikan apartemen, mobil mewah hingga kebiasaan untuk makan siang atau sekedar minum kopi di café ternama. Berdasarkan gaya hidup dan keseharian yang padat, kalangan eksekutif muda cenderung menggunakan peralatan serba praktis. Di era revolusi 4.0 ini, produk dengan Internet of Things mulai banyak diproduksi dengan menamakan produk tersebut sebagai smart product. Dimana smart product ini dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna yang dianggap sebagai product assistant. Atas dasar permasalahan tidur yang sering dihadapi kalangan eksekutif muda dan perkembangan produk internet of Things di era inilah perancangan lampu tidur cerdas ini dapat mengatasi permasalahan dan ikut serta dalam perkembangan penciptaan produk cerdas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna. Pemilihan gaya minimalis dan tema smart design pada lampu dan pemilihan warna hitam putih dengan kesan elegan diharapkan mampu menjadi solusi desain yang tepat dan dapat sebagai salah satu referensi penciptaan produk cerdas
Język w działaniu i działania na języku. Szkice semantyczno-słowotwórcze
Authors: Waszakowa Krystyna
Published: March 2021

The book comprises 16 articles concerning word formation and lexical semantics, representative of the Author’s forty-year work. The articles tackle theoretical issues, classifications, methods of description within the adopted framework, they also provide analyses of selected problems, illustrated with ample data excerpted from dictionaries and corpora. The book holds particular interest to anyone concerned with the contemporary Polish language, as well as to specialists in Polish philology or Slavic studies.
Unlikely Connections: Italy’s Cultural Formations between Home and the Diaspora
Authors: Clarissa Clò , Teresa Fiore
Published: March 2021

Movements of people and exchanges among them have been crucial in the characterization of societies. Different cultures have understood and regarded migrants differently, depending on the historical conditions, material and discursive, in which these movements occurred and on the attitudes of both sending and receiving states. It is, indeed, through the lens of the nation-state and of individual national histories that migrations and diasporas have mostly been approached. This model, however, does not allow for a more comprehensive understanding of people’s traveling and resettling across space and time, which both predate and go beyond the boundaries imposed by the emergence of modern states. Furthermore, the national model of migration does not adequately take into account all the human components that these travels entail—for example, the ways in which migrants themselves contribute to the shaping of the societies they leave and to the ones they enter into. In this essay, we use the term “migrants” to refer to a wide range of groups, whose decisions to move were prompted by different reasons: internal and external labor migrants, explorers, colonizers, ex-colonized, merchants, artists, intellectuals, and so on. In the process of moving and relocating, all these communities collectively generate, along with the locals, new cultural formations: ideas, collaborations, subjectivities, as well as social and political institutions, which are situated between and across, and simultaneously encompass, “home” and “abroad.” These cultural formations constitute an integral part of the diasporic experiences inscribed within a global set of connections. In this study, we privilege the analysis of the relation among migrants and their cultural productions, and pay specific attention to “unlikely connections” among diverse diasporas. This approach, based on unusual linkages among separate disciplines, migrant groups, historical periods, and geographical locations, allows us to identify and participate in the process of reframing the content and methodology of Diaspora Studies.
Becoming “Syrian” in America: A Global Geography of Ethnicity and Nation
Authors: Khater Akram Fouad
Published: March 2021

Colonial and nationalist discourses have constructed landlocked histories of the Middle East. With differing valorizations, most such narratives nevertheless used the same trope of essentialized and timeless peoples and societies living in a clearly delineated and bounded geography. Postcolonial scholarship has endeavored to historicize these narratives by showing the contingency and complexity of categories such as nation, ethnicity, gender, class, and religion. Yet the success of this latter body of literature has been incomplete because it remains predominantly chronocentric, swallowing place within the folds of time. In most such narratives, place is rarely contemplated; even when it is considered, our historical gaze remains transfixed on a never-changing spot on a cartographically regimented map where the narrative supposedly unfolds (Ludden). Historical actors come and go across the boundaries, but the story remains resolutely contained within the city, region, empire, or nation. Such a staid notion of place amid a fluctuating narrative is even more striking when, in fact, individuals and communities, ideas and commodities, have crisscrossed every imaginable geo-historical location. War, pilgrimage, missionary zeal, travels and sojourns, the search for work, trade, shipwrecks, slavery, diplomatic missions, boredom and curiosity, population transfer, persecution, environmental changes, and migrations have taken people in and out of the physical Middle East with remarkable regularity.
Welsh-Patagonian Fiction: Language and the Novel of Transnational Ethnicity
Authors: Whitfield Esther
Published: March 2021

In July 1865, 153 Welsh emigrants, many of them young families, landed at Argentina’s Puerto Madryn, Patagonia, hoping to establish in this unsettled territory a Welsh-speaking, religiously conservative community. Their emigration coincided, on one side of the Atlantic, with the systematic elimination of the Welsh language from schools and public places in Britain and the increasing hold of nonconformist chapels over everyday life; and, on the other, with the consolidation of the Argentine nation and concomitant attempts to civilize the barbaric hinterlands at whose outer edges lay Patagonia. The pioneers’ experiences, including their ultimate failure to negotiate self-governance from the Argentine state and to isolate their language from Spanish, are recorded in the prolific letters and memoirs of such figures as Lewis Jones, Abraham Matthews, and Edwin Cynrig Roberts. Theirs stands in the Welsh historical context as a utopian project carried out at the margins of British imperialist designs and as an unprecedented attempt to preserve the language and cultural practices of Wales by leaving the homeland far behind. Although these immigrants’ experience remains a minor episode in Argentine history, geographically confined and dwarfed by more influential immigrations from other European countries, the Welsh have nevertheless been credited with resolving border disputes with Chile in Argentina’s favor and thereby expanding the westward limits of the Argentine nation.
On a Clear Day, You Can See the Atlantic Seventeenth Century
Authors: Tawil Ezra
Published: March 2021

“In Atlantic modernity, freedom is a race myth” (Doyle 3). This is as chunky a thesis as most of us dare imagine. Admittedly, Laura Doyle cribs it from G.W.F. Hegel’s “the History of the World is nothing but the development of the Idea of Freedom” (qtd. 46), but in the substitutions she visits on that formulation—“Atlantic modernity” for “World,” “race myth” for “Idea”—lie the work’s great promise and its formidable challenge. It is axiomatic that the vulnerability of a scholarly argument increases in direct proportion to its ambition; whether because of the objective challenges of supporting and sustaining hefty claims or because of the ressentimentof envious reviewers, bold projects tend to draw critical fire with a kind of magnetic necessity. Yet Freedom’s Empirestands up admirably to its central test: it sustains a vast array of interpretive acts over the course of some 500 pages and 300 years, brings literary works and historical events that rarely share the same pages into conversation with one another, and illuminates them from new and unexpected angles. Its broad argumentative sequence is sustained by strong connecting threads and a coherent central argument. That argument stands at the convergence of several (related) paradigmatic shifts in literary studies: the “transnational turn,” the adoption of the “Atlantic world” historical paradigm for literary history, the shift toward literary archives defined in linguistic terms (in this case, Anglophone) rather than national ones, and a new genealogy of “modernity” constituted by race. At the crossroads of so many areas of inquiry, Freedom’s Empire offers the reviewer something far more valuable than a broad target: a rich opportunity to discuss a variety of scholarly trends, historical questions, and issues of method.
Vital Information at Your Fingertips: The Ethiopian Yellow Pages as a Cultural Document
Authors: Kaplan Steven
Published: March 2021

In the last decade of the twentieth century, Yellow Pages, the wellknown business directories that effectively advertise services in fairly standardized formats, have been published by entrepreneurs for various ethnic communities, including Ethiopians. This essay reads the Ethiopian Yellow Pages (EYP), published for the Washington, DC, area, as a cultural document, interpreting it as a text in which issues of identity and community are represented by and for members of the Ethiopian community. The essay provides a detailed overview of the EYP in its thirteenth edition, covering the year 2006/2007, surveying its structure; its target area; and the wide array of services, venues, and institutions that advertise in its pages. The discussion concludes that the EYP is much more than an instrument for providing information and access to services: It both captures the mundane aspects of life in America and highlights the specific features of an ethnically distinct immigrant population’s journey of cultural creativity, which reverberates in both their new and their old homelands. (January 2009)
Slow Awakening? The Ethiopian Diaspora in the Netherlands, 1977–2007
Authors: Abbink Jan
Published: March 2021

This essay explores the history of the concepts of sәdät (migration) and sәdätäññannät (refugeeism), tracking the changing Ethiopian perspectives on separation from homeland as conceived and conveyed through song lyrics. After detailing traditional Ethiopian notions of sәdätäññannät, the author surveys song lyrics about Ethiopians living abroad, first in military service in Libya (1911–1930) and in Korea and Japan (1950s), then for educational purposes in Europe and the United States (1945–1974). In contrast to either silence or negativity about sәdätäññannät in songs about these earlier periods, lyrics dating from after the emergence of the Ethiopian diaspora (1974–present) invoke the concept as an integral part of Ethiopian life, moving it from a term of shame to a desirable status with connotations of success and initiative. (5 April 2009)
Writing in Translationese: Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day and the Uncanny Dialect of the Diasporic Writer
Authors: Belau Linda , Cameron Ed
Published: March 2021

This essay argues that with his third novel, Kazuo Ishiguro has crafted a postcolonial work that illustrates how the crisis of decolonization is linked inextricably to the crisis of subjectivity itself. Unlike the novels of Achebe, Rushdie, and other postcolonial writers who represent colonial and postcolonial conditions by focusing on the actual postcolonial contexts, Ishiguro accomplishes his postcolonial critique by focusing more on the issue of cultural difference within the developed world than on issues explicitly resulting from the decolonizing process in the colonized parts of the world. Furthermore, his focus on the issue of cultural difference in Britain is not articulated around issues of immigration and assimilation of the other but, rather, around the internal otherness of the British subject itself. Ishiguro’s novel in effect argues that this internal otherness, always present to some degree, emerges most prominently during the breakdown of the Empire, when the traditional symbolic coordinates for British identity are weakened. Ishiguro expresses this perspective in his novel (1) by ever so faintly re-inscribing a traditional narrative form to reflect its internal strangeness or foreignness, (2) by providing an uncanny narrative documentation of the consciousness of a secondclass British subject during the height of the decolonization period, and (3) by constructing a narrative that sublimates his own unique diasporic position as a means of coming to grips with his somewhat unique and personal ethnic and cultural conflicts.
In Search of Genuine Equality: The Problem with Multiculturalism
Authors: Fox Alistair
Published: March 2021

It hardly needs stating that as diasporic groups move between countries in search of economic advantage, the increasing proliferation of multiple cultural and ethnic minorities in most modern societies has posed a major challenge to the idea of a homogeneous nation-state. In part, this is the result of greater mobility made possible by technological change in a world that has embraced a globalized economy. It also represents, however, the legacy not only of the period of European imperialism, but also of the trauma arising from the failure of nation-states to achieve a coherence grounded in homogeneity. One thinks, for example, of the horrific consequences of attempts to impose homogeneity in Nazi Germany, or of the breakup and re-Balkanization of Yugoslavia, with the attendant atrocities that ensued from it. “Multiculturalism” as a political policy based on principles of recognition, tolerance, and accommodation is the response that many nations have adopted as a means of addressing the pressing challenges posed by these emergent circumstances.
1984 and the Diasporic Politics of Aesthetics: Reconfigurations and New Constellations among Toronto’s Sikh Youth
Authors: Nijhawan Michael
Published: March 2021

This article explores how Sikh youth in Toronto respond—through personal narratives and performative practices—to past events of violence associated with the Indian Army’s 1984 attack on the “Golden Temple” in Amritsar, as well as the anti-Sikh riots in Delhi, India. Arguably, the politics of representation around the “Punjab crisis” of 1984 have been considered crucial for conceptualizing Sikh diaspora formations. However, studying how young Sikh activists relate to these events today and redefine their own sense of diasporic citizenship a generation after the event allows us to challenge both the homogeneous framings of (religious) diaspora and the primary role attributed to trauma through which past injuries are narrated. I shall demonstrate that there is a discursive trope (or tendency) in youth accounts that, on the one hand, asserts an attachment to injury as well as the separatist and nationalist sentiments that have long been embodied in representations of 1984 and, on the other, points to identity formations yet to be defined within the context of emerging “transnational second generations.” Moreover, Sikh youth are engaged in increasingly diverse forms of social justice work and have different motivations for their participation. This research reveals involvement in an emerging grass roots movement that is globally tuned into broader social justice struggles, while maintaining local ties to place specific engagements and narratives.
Tales of Satisfaction and Disillusionment: Second-Generation “Return” Migration to Greece and Cyprus
Authors: King Russell , Christou Anastasia , Goodson Ivor , Teerling Janine
Published: March 2021

We examine the comparative “return” experiences of second-generation Greek-Americans and British-born Greek Cypriots who have relocated to their respective parental homelands of Greece and Cyprus. Sixty individuals, born in the United States or the United Kingdom yet now living in Greece or Cyprus, were interviewed and detailed life narratives recorded. We find both similarities and differences between the two groups. While the broad narrative themes “explaining” their returns are similar a search for a “place to belong” in the ancestral homeland linked to what is, or was, perceived to be a more relaxed and genuine way of life—the post-return outcomes vary. In Greece there is disappointment, even profound disillusionment, whereas in Cyprus the return is generally viewed with satisfaction. For Greek-Americans, negative experiences include difficulty in accessing employment, frustration with bureaucracy and a culture of corruption, struggles with the chaos and stress of life in Athens, and pessimism about the future for their children in Greece. As a result, some Greek-Americans contemplate a second return, back to the United States. For the returnee British Cypriots, these problems are far less evident; they generally rationalize their relocation to Cyprus as the “right decision,” both for themselves and for their children. Greek-Americans tend to withdraw into a social circle of their own kind, whereas British-born returnee Cypriots adopt a more cosmopolitan or “third-space” cultural identity related, arguably, to the small scale and intimate spaces of social exchange in an island setting, and to the colonial and postcolonial history of Cyprus and its diaspora.
Diasporicity and Its Discontents: Generation and Fragmented Historicity in the Liberian Transnational Field
Authors: Lubkemann Stephen C.
Published: March 2021

In this article I draw on a long history of successive transatlantic “displacements” and “returns” that have shaped and reshaped Liberian diasporan identities. Proposing that diasporicity is above all an identity discourse, the first part of this article documents and compares dramatic differences in that discourse across historical generations while also examining arguments about this form of identity and social differences in subscription to it within specific generations. This history has been one of successive and often mutually contradictory recastings of where “origin” is located, which have been subject to social argumentation. A comparison of these identity discourses across different historical generations suggests the need to investigate diasporicity as more than merely an affirmation of belonging but rather also a powerful critique of exclusion. Finally, I hone in on the variations of diasporicity that have emerged within the Liberian transnational field during a single historical period (the present) to demonstrate how diasporicity as a particular form of identity emerges under—and inherently references—conditions of experiential fragmentation that are largely unforeseen and fundamentally problematic for current analytical concepts of generation. Describing some of the multiple diasporicities within the current Liberian transnational field, I argue that any concept of diasporic generation must be one that empirically ascertains the boundaries of shared historicity rather than assuming that temporal and social boundaries coincide.
The Quality of Diaspora
Authors: Rushdy Ashraf H.A.
Published: March 2021

I propose to return to the two inaugural intellectual events in African Diaspora Studies, a 1965 conference in Dares Salaam and a 1979 conference in Washington, DC, in order to tease out how the original debates in those conferences helped form the contemporary study of the African diaspora. I pay especial attention to the question of the relationship between diaspora and nationalism, since the concept of the African diaspora was proposed and promoted at a key moment in the development of black nationalism as an ideology in North America and a practical concern in decolonizing Africa.
Minor Transnationalism in the Prehistoric Aegean? The Case of Phoenicians on Crete in the Early Iron Age
Authors: Pratt Catherine E.
Published: March 2021

The study of population movements and cultural interaction, both large- and small-scale, has been increasingly important for understanding past societies and the archaeological remains of their material culture. As the result of long-term social and ideological practices in life and death, consumption and deposition patterns in the archaeological record are essential for viewing changes in cultural identities brought about by contact with other groups. In the Early Iron Age, groups of people we call “Phoenicians” set forth to various regions around the Mediterranean Sea and established predominantly colonial connections with local populations. While Phoenician presence is attested on the island of Crete, the available evidence does not reflect common trends in the archaeological remains of Phoenician colonial activity. Consequently, many debates exist on how to classify the interactions of Phoenicians and Cretans in the Early Iron Age. A reexamination of archaeological data associated with the Phoenician presence on Crete, however, provides an opportunity to test new theoretical models of transnational social interaction. In this article I suggest that the modern concept of minor transnationalism may be a useful tool to view this case of ancient cultural contact. In particular, I examine two examples of sanctuaries and cemeteries on Crete where Phoenician interactions with local populations have produced evidence for transnational spaces, which are created by the interconnections between agents of two liminal groups. By applying a modern theory to ancient evidence, this article will help expand the historical scope of transnationalism beyond strictly modern perspectives. In short, the application of transnationalism to the ancient past will provide a more transhistorical perspective on cultural contact.
Situating Vietnamese Transnationalism and Diaspora
Authors: Nguyen Marguerite
Published: March 2021

This review examines Kieu-Linh Caroline Valverde’s conceptualization of “transnationalizing Viet Nam.” It pays attention to Valverde’s field research in both the United States and Vietnam, which allowed her to observe how transnational networks of music and the Internet forged collaborations among individuals in both countries, despite severed US—Vietnamese diplomatic ties. It also examines the book’s treatment of the centrality of anti-Communism in Vietnamese diasporic politics and discourse, understanding Valverde’s analysis of anti-Communist hostility and violence as an argument about the limits of ideological inflexibility in Vietnamese American communities. In addition, this review also juxtaposes Valverde’s discussion of anti-Communism with other Southeast Asian American Studies scholars who interrogate the term’s many meanings to foreground the larger project to which Valverde’s project contributes—a critical approach alert to the long histories and multiple migrations that characterize overseas Vietnamese and compels a model of Vietnamese transnationalism and diaspora that is attentive to both pre-and post-Vietnam War contexts
The Nation after the Age of the Global
Authors: Holmes Christopher
Published: March 2021

In his innovative and often transformative book, National Consciousness and Literary Cosmopolitics: Postcolonial Literature in a Global Age (henceforth NC), Weihsin Gui takes up the question of how postcolonialism should inform our understanding of the global moment by re-invigorating literature’s relationship to nationalism. Analyzing works by Kazuo Ishiguro, Derek Walcott, Shirley Geok-Lin Lim, Twan Eng Tan, and Preeta Samarasan, he does what very few of the books of this genre manage; he tightly defines his use of the national and the global to avoid bland paeans to either term and avoids making one subservient or even counter-purposed to the other. He focuses on a “national consciousness and literary cosmopolitics, rather than a study of economic and demographic flows and movements” (3). He rethinks nationalism as a constellation of interdependent relationships, some local and others global, using Theodor Adorno’s negative dialectics. The openness of the negative dialectics allows Gui to read multiple, simultaneous attachments to the nation—as diasporic and native, linguistically major or minor, commodity or aesthetic—without the tension between these oppositions being determinative or fated to resolution. Read through the aesthetic experiments in poetry and prose that NC brings into an unexpected space of comparison, these relationships simultaneously critique and define forms of national belonging without resorting to a blithe rejection of the nation in favor of an idealized cosmopolis. “[N]egative dialectics,” Gui writes, “points to an arrangement or a reconfiguration of national consciousness and cosmopolitics as intertwined concepts as opposed to the triumph of postnational globalism in which transnational flows render nations moribund and obsolete” (22). What makes NC substantively different from other efforts to unseat nationalist discourses is that it addresses literary texts neither as producers nor as products of an antinationalist counter-discourse but rather according to the unexplored aesthetic and formal resonances already at work within a writer’s national consciousness. Gui makes room for postcolonial interventions from novels, stories, and poems that might at various moments be classified as national, transnational, diasporic, and global texts, thus making their canonicity irrelevant, or at least uninteresting in comparison to the way each text is simultaneously produced by and critical of nationalisms.