bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecção de Intrusão Através de Aprendizagem de Fluxo no Ambiente do Adversário
Authors: Viegas Eduardo K. , Santin Altair O. , Abreu Vilmar , Oliveira Luiz E. S.
Published: June 2022

Apesar da existência de diversos trabalhos que utilizam técnicas de detecção de intrusão baseada em anomalia, dificilmente tais técnicas são utilizadas em produção. Percebe-se que, em geral, a literatura não considera o ambiente do adversário, em que um atacante tenta evadir o mecanismo de detecção. Neste artigo é proposto e avaliado uma abordagem para efetuar a detecção de intrusão em fluxo de dados de forma confiável no ambiente do adversário. A proposta utiliza detectores de anomalia específicos as classes consideradas e um mecanismo de rejeição para permitir a atualização do sistema de forma confiável. A avaliação da proposta mostrou que a abordagem provém resiliência a ataques causais e exploratórios.
Atraindo, conhecendo e repudiando atacantes VoIP
Authors: Bauermann Daniel , Emmert Giovani Luís
Published: June 2022

A expansão do uso de sistemas de voz sobre IP tem atraído um número cada vez maior de indivíduos que buscam vulnerabilidades que podem causar prejuízos às organizações. Para entender de que forma estes indivíduos exploram os sistemas, é fundamental conhecer seu modo de agir. Para isto, diferentes trabalhos fazem uso da tecnologia de honeypots com o objetivo de investigar as características dos diversos ataques possíveis. Entretanto, poucos trabalhos apresentam um sistema capaz de repelir malfeitores interessados em explorar sistemas vulneráveis, principalmente para serviços VoIP. Neste trabalho propomos um arcabouço capaz compilar dados de ataques buscando incrementar a segurança de uma rede de telefonia IP.
Detecção de malware metamórfico baseada na indexação de grafos de dependência de dados
Authors: Aguilera Luis Rojas , Souto Eduardo , Martins Gilbert Breves
Published: June 2022

O metamorfismo e a mutação de código têm sido utilizados com sucesso pelos criadores de malware para gerar códigos obfuscados sem alterar as funcionalidades originais, tornando-os mais difíceis de detectar. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para a identificação de malware metamórfico através extração de características a partir de Grafos de Dependência de Dados, para a construção de um índice de classificação que seja capaz de reconhecer de forma rápida e precisa se um determinado código suspeito pertence à uma família de malware. Os resultados experimentais sobre 3045 amostras de vírus metamórficos apresentam taxas médias de acurácia superiores a maioria dos antivírus comerciais.
Privacy-aware web authentication protocol with recovery and revocation
Authors: Niehues Lucas Boppre , Custódio Ricardo
Published: June 2022

Password-based authentication is the de facto standard for web services, usually linked to email addresses for account recovery. However, this scheme has several serious known drawbacks. We present a simple pseudonym authentication scheme for users to register and authenticate to online services, by using cryptographic key pairs stored in a mobile device. In contrast to other similar schemes, our proposal requires minimal user interaction, allows for easy account recovery and revocation, and requires no trusted third-party. We created a prototype to evaluate the proposal and concluded that it is viable and has good security, privacy, and usability properties.
The performance of error correcting codes in discrete and continuous fuzzy pairing protocols
Authors: Deus Henrique de Rocha , Parente Vladimir Portela , van de Graaf Jeroen
Published: June 2022

In fuzzy pairing, two parties compare two bit strings which are supposed to be similar, but almost never identical. So A and B engage in a protocol to verify whether d(sA, sB) is less than some threshold T; if not, the parties abort and authentication failed. Here d() is to be taken as the Hamming distance. One standard protocol is the code-offset method: A computes a random vector x such that sA − x is a code word of some pre-agreed error-correcting x. Together they verify whether the code and sends x to B, who decodes sB − two decoded codewords are the same. A common secret key can be obtained subsequently, We cast this problem in a different context, in which A and B want to compare continuous signals, instead of discrete bit strings. We test the code offset method for four classes of error-correcting codes: Reed-Solomon (RS) Codes, Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) Codes, Repeat-Accumulate Codes (RAC) and Low Density Lattice Codes (LDLC). For similar error correction capability our results show that RS codes perform slowly, while LDPC and RAC which very similar are both really fast. LDLC has the best correction capabilities, but are slower because of their mathematical complexity. Our results can be generalized to fuzzy extractors.
Detecção de Canvas Fingerprinting em Páginas Web baseada no Modelo Vetorial
Authors: Elleres Pablo A. da P. , Oliveira Adria M. de , Feitosa Eduardo L.
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho apresenta um método para realizar avaliação de scripts Canvas Fingerpriting em páginas Web. O método consiste em realizar o cálculo da similaridade entre uma base com 100 consultas reconhecidamente ligadas à Canvas Fingerpriting e bases de dados com páginas tidas como benignas e malignas. Os resultados mostram altos níveis de similaridades com uma base de Canvas (99%), uma base de páginas phishing (92%), uma base com páginas do diretório DMOZ (91%) e uma base com páginas do site Alexa.com (97%).
Mitigando a Evasão de Instrumentadores Binários Dinâmicos
Authors: Santos Filho Ailton , Alves Arthur Binda , Vieira Isaque , Feitosa Eduardo L.
Published: June 2022

Este artigo apresenta contramedidas contra as mais recentes técnicas de evasão (analysis-aware) em Instrumentação Binária Dinâmica (DBI). Elas utilizam recursos do instrumentador Intel Pin para garantir a transparência das análises. Uma avaliação das contramedidas propostas em comparação as tecnicas tidas como estado da arte foi realizada. As limitações existentes e o futuro desse trabalho também são apresentados.
Detecção de Desfiguração de Sites por Similaridade em Imagens
Authors: Jesus Henry Mendes de , Brandão José Eduardo Malta de Sá
Published: June 2022

Esse trabalho propõe uma nova abordagem de detecção de desfiguração de páginas web, baseada na análise de imagens, identificando a simetria entre o estado inicial da página web e o estado atual. Esse trabalho difere dos demais, devido à sua simplicidade, mantendo a eficácia.
Keyblock: a software architecture to prevent keystroke injection attacks
Authors: Borges C. David B. , Araujo J. Rafael B. de , Couto Robson L. de , Almeida A. Márcio A.
Published: June 2022

This work investigates a solution to mitigate the threat of keystroke injection attacks. Current defense mechanisms often require relatively expensive hardware and time consuming configuration. We describe and test the effectiveness of a software layer between USB input hardware and processes. Our software, Keyblock, intercepts events from newly connected devices and uses keystroke dynamics analysis to detect whether an attack is in course. By detecting and immediately disabling devices with anomalous typing patterns, Keyblock provides a software-only automatic solution to prevent keystroke injection.
Detecção e autorreparo de anomalias em redes definidas por software
Authors: Moro Fernando Luiz , Amaral Alexandre , Amaral Ana Paula , Nogueira Rodrigo
Published: June 2022

Os avanços tecnológicos acelerados resultaram no aumento da ocorrência de anomalias de redes, como os ataques DoS. A complexidade e heterogeneidade das atuais redes têm sido os principais óbices para a realização da tarefa de detectar e principalmente bloquear os ataques sem a intervenção humana. Assim, neste trabalho é apresentada uma solução capaz de detectar e bloquear anomalias de forma automática no contexto das redes definidas por software (SDN). A solução proposta é constituída de três módulos principais, responsáveis pela coleta dos dados, detecção de anomalias e aplicação de uma ação corretiva para solucionar o problema identificado. Para validar a solução, um estudo de caso foi realizado utilizando um ataque de rede real.
Evaluating the Randomness of the RNG in a Commercial Smart Card
Authors: Ribeiro Wellinton Costa , Silva Marcus Tadeu Pinheiro
Published: June 2022

This paper brings results concerning the quality evaluation for the pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) in a commercial smart card. The RNG is a fundamental part for the cryptography carried out in several applications. We have acquired a huge quantity of random numbers from three samples of a commercial smart card. These data were evaluated using the statistical computation package developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology. In order to be used as gold benchmark and to validate our methodology, we have also tested the true random number generator (TRNG) included in a commercial integrated circuit. Our results show that the card PRNG owns quality too inferior than the TRNG. Due to card vendor confidentiality policy is not possible state the tested PRNG is base for the device cryptography. However, if this occurs, results lead us to conclude the tested PRNG is not adequate to provide the required security in the systems that adopt the evaluated smart card.
Interactions in Multisensory Experiences: Toward a New Timeline Metaphor
Authors: Jost Céline , Le Pévédic Brigitte , Debloos Justin , Uzan Gérard
Published: June 2022

The PRIM project has the objective to allow everyone to produce multisensory interactions without programming and without the help of programmers. Taking inspiration from the simplicity of use of media editing software, our idea is to investigate how to enrich them to integrate interactions by modifying the editing timeline. After arguing that time and timeline are the major challenge to face before building a new software, this paper presents a new timeline metaphor, easy to understand, and that would allow to produce interactive mulsemedia and multisensory exercises once completed. Promising results show that people easily understand and accept this new timeline, which encourages us to continue in this way.
Perspektiven Philosophischer Praxis
Authors: Krauß Jirko
Published: June 2022

There lays great potential in philosophical practice in many regards - both for advice seeking individuals or groups and organisations as interlocutor, for society as value-based institution, for philosophy as an academic field and a source of experience and finally, as way of living, profession and a vocation for philosophers. Here, being presented as a self- and world-opening practice as well as being engaged, non-dogmatic, proto-politic at least, sometimes connecting, sometimes differentiating and positioning, but still encountering and critically-emancipatory.
Individuum und Demos
Authors: Zenkert Georg
Published: June 2022

'People' is a key concept in democratic constitutions, which on closer examination appears to be peculiarly diffuse. In political discourse, it is ideologically loaded and used primarily with polemical intent—or embarrassingly avoided. This is the reflex of an unclear relationship between an individual and a community. Ultimately, it is the status of the individual itself that needs clarification. There is a difference between addressing the many as humans, as people or as individuals. Different forms of integration result from these definitions of status, and the politically virulent process of integration takes place representatively in the public sphere. This determines whether a democracy is viable in the long term.
Freeing Celibacy: Embracing the Call in a Time of Crisis
Authors: Ashton Celia , DePrinzio Kevin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2022

This article explores issues surrounding celibacy that have been amplified by the exposure of the sexual abuse crisis within the Catholic Church, which, for some, has called such a lifestyle into question. Taking the view that celibacy can be healthy and life-giving, provided that it is discerned well, the authors consider the ways in which an unintegrated celibate life can and does cause harm and has contributed to the scandal, though not the cause of it in and of itself. Moreover, when celibacy is a gift of the Spirit, it can help to bring about a renewed, deepened understanding of sexuality needed for the Church and the world.
Self-Respect and Self-Segregation
Authors: Basevich Elvira ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: June 2022

In this article, I develop W. E. B. Du Bois’s concept of double consciousness to demonstrate the limitations of Kant’s and Rawls’s models of self-respect. I argue that neither Kant nor Rawls can explain what self-respect and resistance to oppression warrants under the conditions of violent and systematic racial exclusion. I defend Du Bois’s proposal of voluntary black self-segregation during the Jim Crow era and explain why Du Bois believes that the black American community has a moral right to assert its self-respect by mitigating its exposure to racial violence and animus in a white-controlled polity.
significante comum na agenda política educacional contemporânea
Authors: Gabriel Carmen Teresa , Martins Marcus Leonardo Bomfim
Published: June 2022

Este texto se propõe a buscar outras possibilidades de entendimento do termo comum e seus efeitos para enfrentar os debates curriculares no Brasil. O campo empírico dessa análise consistiu em duas coletâneas sobre a BNCC: Base Nacional Comum: projetos curriculares em disputa (2015) e A BNCC na contramão do PNE 2014-2024: avaliação e perspectivas (2018). Tendo como interlocução privilegiada a abordagem discursiva pós-fundacional (DARDOT; LAVAL, 2017, LACLAU; MOUFFE, 2004, LACLAU, 1990, 2008, 2011, MARCHART, 2009), optou-se por analisar os sentidos do significante comum mobilizados e fixados nos textos que compõem as duas coletâneas selecionadas. Ao se constatar a hegemonia do sentido de comum no domínio exclusivo do jurídico, propõe-se um deslocamento do sentido desse termo para o domínio do político, defendendo-o como um princípio político que se manifesta pela instituição do inapropriável. Essa proposta se inscreve em uma perspectiva de pensar escola, currículo e conhecimento em uma perspectiva radicalmente democrática.
Subtype-specific responses of hKv7.4 and hKv7.5 channels to polyunsaturated fatty acids reveal an unconventional modulatory site and mechanism
Authors: Frampton Damon JA , Choudhury Koushik , Nikesjö Johan , Delemotte Lucie , Liin Sara I
Published: June 2022

The KV7.4 and KV7.5 subtypes of voltage-gated potassium channels play a role in important physiological processes such as sound amplification in the cochlea and adjusting vascular smooth muscle tone. Therefore, the mechanisms that regulate KV7.4 and KV7.5 channel function are of interest. Here, we study the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on human KV7.4 and KV7.5 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We report that PUFAs facilitate activation of hKV7.5 by shifting the V50 of the conductance versus voltage (G(V)) curve toward more negative voltages. This response depends on the head group charge, as an uncharged PUFA analogue has no effect and a positively charged PUFA analogue induces positive V50 shifts. In contrast, PUFAs inhibit activation of hKV7.4 by shifting V50 toward more positive voltages. No effect on V50 of hKV7.4 is observed by an uncharged or a positively charged PUFA analogue. Thus, the hKV7.5 channel’s response to PUFAs is analogous to the one previously observed in hKV7.1–7.3 channels, whereas the hKV7.4 channel response is opposite, revealing subtype-specific responses to PUFAs. We identify a unique inner PUFA interaction site in the voltage-sensing domain of hKV7.4 underlying the PUFA response, revealing an unconventional mechanism of modulation of hKV7.4 by PUFAs.
¿Existiría la gramática si no hubiera gramaticalización?
Authors: Mendívil José Luis
Published: June 2022

Respuesta de José-Luis Mendívil a la primera contribución de Javier Elvira.
Observaciones sobre epifenomenología diacrónica
Authors: Mendívil José Luis
Published: June 2022

Segunda respuesta de José Luis Mendívil a Javier Elvira.
Congenital Complete Left-Sided Absence of the Pericardium Incidentally Identified in the Autopsy: A Case Report
Authors: Choi Jinhyuk , Kim Yehlim , Kang Tae Mo , Wang Ah Rha , Ko Kwang Soo , Park Seong Hwan
Published: June 2022

Congenital absence of the pericardium, also known as pericardial agenesis, is an extremely rare anomaly. Although most cases are asymptomatic, some experience chest pain, dyspnea, dizziness, and syncope. A few sudden death cases have been reported. We report a case of congenital complete left-sided absence of the pericardium that is not related to the cause of death. In the autopsy of a skinny 45-year-old deceased man, there was no left pericardium, and the heart had direct contact with the left lung. Inflammation and adhesion around the heart, torsion of great vessels, structure abnormality of the heart, and histologic lesion of the myocardium were absent. Due to the chemical analysis result and morphology, we suspected that the cause of death was related to starvation. The congenital absence of the pericardium is usually accompanied by myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, and variable congenital anomalies in the heart and other organs. Additionally, both complete and partial defects can cause myocardial infarction. Therefore, we suggest that precise gross examination should be performed to determine the ischemic lesions in the heart and other anomalies if congenital absence of the pericardium is noted in the autopsy.
Needles in the Lungs: An Autopsy Case of Pulmonary Ossification in a Putrefied Body
Authors: Park Young-Il , Heo Jin-Haeng , Ko Young San , Song Ho Suk , Ham Suk Hoon , Na Joo-Young
Published: June 2022

Forensic autopsy is performed to investigate a death. However, this is difficult in some cases, particularly in putrefied bodies. Pulmonary ossification is a rare pathological process, characterized by progressive and metaplastic ossification, which leads to the formation of small bony fragments in the pulmonary tissue. This condition can develop within the pulmonary tissues that are injured due to various causes. Metastatic and dystrophic calcification occur in normal tissues in conditions of deranged calcium metabolism and dead or degenerative tissue, respectively. Here, we describe the case of a 54-year-old man who lived alone and whose putrefied body was discovered by his landlord. A forensic pathologist identified needle-like sharp materials in both the lower lobes of the lungs during autopsy. Microscopic examination revealed dendriform pulmonary ossification with calcification. After autopsy, his medical history, including chronic kidney disease, was recorded by forensic pathologist. A review of his past medical history and comprehensive postmortem examination findings of the gross dissection, microscopic examination, and postmortem laboratory tests led to the determination of the cause of death as renal problems.
Study on soil-water characteristic curves in the profiles of collapsing walls of typical granite Benggang in southeast China
Authors: Zhang Liting , Sun Shujun , Lin Mengqi , Feng Kaijun , Zhang Yue , Lin Jinshi , Ge Hongli , Huang Yanhe , Jiang Fangshi
Published: June 2022

Benggang with steep collapsing walls is one of the worst soil erosion problems in South China. The collapse of walls is the most critical process in Benggang development. This is mainly due to the soil water properties. The soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is a key indicator for analyzing soil moisture, but the SWCC and its mechanism of influence in collapsing walls remain obscure. A pressure plate meter was used for drying experiments to research the SWCCs of undisturbed soils of five layers (from top to bottom: red soil layer, transition layer I, sand soil layer, transition layer II and detrital layer) of two typical collapsing walls. The van Genuchten (VG) model can be fitted to the SWCCs for different layers (NSE ≥ 0.90). With increasing soil depth, the parameters a and θs first decreased and then increased, the parameters n first increased and then decreased, θr declined as the soil depth increased. These findings illustrate that soil water holding capacity decreases with increasing soil depth. The bottom of the soil is weak in water retention and water can easily reach saturation, resulting in a decline in soil stability, thus promoting soil collapse and finally inducing upper soil collapse. Furthermore, gravel content and particle morphology are factors that should not be neglected for SWCCs. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for understanding the process of wall collapse in Benggang landforms in South China.
La dimension communicative dans l'enseignement universitaire du francais langue ètrangère
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Antonioli Aste Gloria , Vega Alvarado Olly ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

En este artículo presentamos el modelo de comunicación del filósofo del lenguaje Francis Jacques, aplicado a la enseñanza del francés a nivel universitario, en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Dicho modelo se centra principalmente en las estrategias discursivas bivocales. En su aplicación, ellas desarrollan la dimensión comunicativa, discursiva y argumentativa.
Las unidades entonacionales del habla de las mujeres de Valdivia
Authors: Cepeda Gladys
Published: June 2022

Sobre la base del análisis de un corpus de 7 .827 unidades entonacionales extractadas de una muestra representativa del habla de Valdivia en situación de entrevista, este trabajo presenta un inventario de las unidades entonacionales de uso más frecuente y de contraste estadísticamente significativo. El análisis identifica unidades secuenciales dentro de una misma unidad oracional y las asocia a su función modal (conclusividad, inconclusividad, solicitud de infor­mación, expresión de sentimientos, orden y saludo), su función gramatical (límite de palabra, frase, cláusula, oración) y su función expresivo-comunicativa (seguridad, desenfatización, asertividad, familiaridad, suspenso, inconclusividad, inconclusividad restringida, finalidad, referencia, énfasis res­tringido
Tendencias generales en la toponimia del norte grande de Chile
Authors:   University of Southern Indiana (Estados Unidos), Latorre Guillermo
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo el autor se propone examinar las facetas más salientes de la preponderancia del sustrato indígena en la toponimia mayor del Norte Gran­de, asunto poco o nada tratado en descripciones del español de Chile. Pasa revista a voces como Arica, Chañaral, /quique, Taita[, Tocopilla, Chuquicamata, Andes, Antofagasta, Ca/ama, Pica, Loa y otras. Finalmente, da algunas explicaciones de esa marcada presencia de topónimos autóctonos a pesar de cinco siglos de dominio español.
Marcadores pragmáticos de apoyo discursivo en el habla culta de Santiago de Chile
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Pons Hernán , Samaniego José Luis ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo está basado en la detección, descripción y análisis de los marca-dores pragmáticos de apoyo usados en el discurso oral de los hablantes cultos del español de Santiago de Chile. Para su estudio, se investigaron muestras de habla espontánea y semiespontánea en sujetos masculinos y femeninos cultos, correspondientes a tres distintos grupos etarios. Se estudian los mar-cadores más frecuentes y se describen las funciones que cumplen en sus distintas modalidades de uso.
Actos de habla y desarrollo social de la cognición en la adquisición del lenguaje del niño invidente
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Medina M. Lorena
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación es discutir un enfoque pragmático-interactivo para analizar las vías de acceso al lenguaje verbal que utilizan los niños invidentes. Se realiza una discusión a partir de la teoría de Lev S. Vygotsky, que apunta al desarrollo social de la cognición, y de la teoría de los actos de habla, desde el punto de vista lingüístico. La naturaleza de este enfoque es psicolingüística, y su interés principal son las dificultades que presentan los niños invidentes para adquirir el lenguaje, principalmente la aparición tardía de las primeras palabras (de entre 8 y 36 meses con respecto a un vidente). Intentamos configurar un enfoque que permita desarrollar trabajos posterio-res de aplicación, en el área de adquisición del lenguaje, con niños ciegos y sus figuras de apego.
Unidad y diversificación de la lengua española
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Rabanales Ambrosio
Published: June 2022

La historia del español, puede decirse que empezó a gestarse con la llegada de los Escipiones a la Península Ibérica (218 a.C.), para, con el tiempo, y una vez conformada como tal, expandirse, con el nombre de ‘castellano’ primero y de ‘español’ después, por los cinco continentes.Lo que se aprecia en la Hispania de hoy es una gran variedad de maneras de hablar en lo que estimamos es una misma lengua. Este “sentimiento de unidad” obedece al hecho de que se trata, prácticamente, de un único sistema (o diasistema) lingüístico con una multiplicidad de normas (en sentido sociolingüístico), por aquello de que toda lengua es plurinormativa, sin dejar de ser ella misma. Así se da la diversidad dentro de la unidad. Distintas y numerosas son las causas de esta diversificación, la que para algunos encierra el germen de una fragmentación del español, tal como ocurrió en su tiempo con el latín; sin embargo, hasta ahora no se ve que ella atente contra la unidad del sistema, como se aprecia en el habla culta formal de todo el mundo hispánico. Pero, siendo el español, como toda lengua, un sistema en equilibrio inestable, está destinado a experimentar cambios pro-fundos, aunque no inmediatos, y, en la “poshistoria”, hasta a desaparecer como tal lengua. Verdaderamente es un privilegio que nos contemos todavía entre los más de cuatrocientos millones de personas que pueden comunicarse en su propia lengua materna. Por esto, por nuestro propio bien, debemos velar –que es ‘vigilar’– por retardar lo más posible el comienzo de los procesos de desintegración.
La conducta prosódica del vocativo en el español culto de Santiago de Chile
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Cid Uribe M. E. , Ortiz-Lira H. ,   Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación
Published: June 2022

Esta comunicación está basada en resultados parciales obtenidos del análisis auditivo y acústico de muestras de habla real tomadas principalmente de un corpus de español culto de Santiago de Chile. Dicho corpus es parte del proyecto FONDECYT 197/1053, que se realiza actualmente en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. En este trabajo examinamos la conducta prosódica de la función vocativo en el enunciado en posiciones inicial, central y final, excluyéndose los vocativos como enunciados independientes. Se da cuenta de la ocurrencia del fenóme-no en cada una de estas posiciones y se intenta determinar los valores prag-máticos para cada una de las formas. Trataremos de establecer una relación entre la prosodia y la posición del vocativo. Partimos de la hipótesis de que son los factores discursivo-pragmáticos los que determinan la dependencia o independencia del vocativo en relación al patrón prosódico del enunciado.
Estudio comparativo de actos de habla en dos tipos de narrativa oral mapuche
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Temuco (Chile), Merino D. M. Eugenia
Published: June 2022

En este artículo se comparan dos formas de discurso mapuche, representadas por textos religiosos o ‘wewpin’ y narrativos o ‘ngütram’; y se analizan los tipos de actos de habla que mayoritariamente ocurren en ellos, siguiendo la taxonomía de Searle. Se observa que ambos discursos distribuyen selectivamente sus actos, de tal modo que el discurso ‘wewpin’ utiliza mayoritariamente directivos, mientras que los representativos constituyen la mayoría en los ‘ngütram’. Ello debido a las funciones pragmáticas que cada tipo de discurso cumple en la conformación y mantención de la ideología cultural del pueblo mapuche.
Análisis del error en la traducción automática: algunos ejemplos de las formas -ing del inglés al español
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diéguez M. M. Isabel , Riedemann H. Karin ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

En el presente artículo se expondrá un estudio contrastivo de las formas -ing presentes en textos originales en inglés y sus respectivas traducciones al español realizadas con un programa de traducción automática (TA). Para ello se utilizaron como corpus de análisis dos textos originales en inglés, uno del área de ciencias sociales (economía) y el otro de las ciencias exactas (mine-ría). A través del análisis de los errores y aciertos de las traducciones realiza-das mediante el programa de TA se pretende en último término extraer conclusiones prácticas para la enseñanza de la traducción técnico-científica.
Los sistemas prosódicos del español culto de Santiago de Chile: primera aproximación a una descripción lingüística holística (Formulación de un Proyecto de Investigación)
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Cid Uribe Miriam E. , Ortiz Lira Héctor ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Pons Galea Hernán ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Samaniego Aldazábal José Luis ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
Traducción automática y traducción mixta: resultados de un estudio comparativo
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diéguez M. M. Isabel , Cabrera P. Ileana ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
El resumen como texto: escritura de una lectura
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Moll Sureda María Elena
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
Distribución de marcadores discursivos en distintos tipos de discurso
Authors:   Universidad Austral de Chile, Poblete Bennett María Teresa
Published: June 2022

Partiendo de supuestos de Bolívar (1995), se establece que la entrevista semiformal es una clase de texto donde se dan distintos tipos de discurso, y se comprueba la ocurrencia de tres clases de marcadores discursivo-conversacionales en distintos tipos de discurso: expositivo, narrativo y argumentativo.El corpus analizado se obtuvo de dieciocho entrevistas, nueve hombres y nueve mujeres, divididas en tres estratos sociales y tres grupos etarios que conforman una muestra representativa de los hablantes de Valdivia urbano (Cepeda et al., 1988:56-66). Los resultados indican, por una parte, que la distribución de los relacionantes supraoracionales está condicionada por el tipo de discurso donde ocurren y al cual le contribuyen en el logro de su objetivo comunicativo básico. Por otra parte, la distribución de los marcadores interactivos y de modalidad covaría más con las variables sociales que con el tipo de discurso en que ocurren.
Aproximación al texto publicitario
Authors:   Universidad Vicente Pérez Rosales (Chile), Moreno Pérez Felipe
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo extracta una investigación, incluida en la tesis del autor para obtener el grado de Magister en Letras, en que se explora el aviso publicitario como una entidad textual. Una vez presentados los fundamentos lingüísticos pertinentes, se revisa el aviso publicitario desde la perspectiva de su naturaleza sociocultural, siempre pensando en la correlación del aviso con la entidad “texto”. Finalmente, se esboza el análisis del aviso, ahora como “texto publicitario”, de acuerdo a los factores relativos a su ‘estructura profunda’ y ‘estructura de superficie’. De esta manera, el “texto publicitario” se vislumbra como una realidad discursiva compleja dentro de la comunicación.
La traducción de metáforas: ¿un acto de rebeldía permanente?
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Riedemann H. Karin , Diéguez M. M. Isabel ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

En el presente artículo se expondrá un estudio contrastivo de dos traducciones al alemán de un corpus de metáforas que figuran en el ensayo de José Ortega y Gasset “Miseria y esplendor de la traducción”, publicado en 1940. Para ello se utilizó como corpus de análisis, junto a las metáforas del texto original en español, las respectivas traducciones al alemán de Gustav Kilpperde 1956 y de Katharina Reiss, de 1977. El análisis de la traducción de un corpus total de 28 metáforas permitirá desarrollar patrones que hagan posible problematizar la traducción de metáforas y constituirse en un aporte para la enseñanza de la traducción.
¿Puede ser moderno un diccionario académico?
Authors:   Academia Chilena de la Lengua, Castillo Fadic M. Natalia
Published: June 2022

La lexicografìa moderna, en tanto ciencia aplicada de lenguaje, tiende a ser descriptiva. ¿Significa esto que los diccionarios académicos, claramente nor-mativos, no pueden aspirar a modernizarse? Para responder a esta pregunta, se revisan los conceptos de descriptivismo y normatividad, sus interrelaciones y sus manifestaciones en la lexicografìa. Se plantea la necesidad de diferen-ciar entre la normatividad del diccionario (normatividad intrínseca) y la del lector (normatividad extrínseca), y se postula que, si bien toda obra lexicográ-fica puede generar una normatividad extrínseca, es responsabilidad del lexi-cógrafo regular dicha normatividad y asumir con espíritu científico que los diccionarios, por más modernos y descriptivos que sean, terminan finalmente sirviendo a un propósito estandarizador. A partir de estas precisiones se propone emprender la modernización de la lexicografía académica.
Construcción discursiva de la imagen personal y política del ex presidente de chile, Patricio Aylwin Azócar
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vega Alvarado Olly
Published: June 2022

Este artículo presenta la manifestación del ‘yo’ en función de sujeto explícito en verbos de procesos semánticos y su emergencia en estrategias discursivas. Se trata de uno de los mecanismos lingüístico-discursivos que forman parte de los modos de constitución del circuito comunicativo presidencial y que contribuyen a la construcción de la imagen personal y política del ex Presi- dente de Chile, Patricio Aylwin Azócar.
Gramadinámica: una propuesta teórico-metodológica para estimular la competecia comunicativa a partir de la Gramática
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Medina M. Lorena
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
Claudia Chuaqui y Jorge Dagnino: Manual de terminología médica latina
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Arbea G. Antonio
Published: June 2022

No presenta resumen
Results of a Prospective Registry of Patients with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in a Center of the City of Buenos Aires
Authors: Correa Sadouet Camila , Rodríguez Granillo Matías A. , Jensen Hernán , Pérez de la Hoz Ricardo , Vetulli Hector , De All Jorge , Rodríguez Alfredo E. , Curotto Valeria
Published: June 2022

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) complicate 10% of pregnancies. They are the main cause of maternal mortality and require a multidisciplinary team to address them. Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence and define the characteristics and outcome of HDP in a center with a program focused on its management. Methods: This was a continuous and prospective registry from November 2019 to July 2021 that included all patients with HDP [chronic hypertension (CHT), gestational hypertension (GHT), early-onset preeclampsia (EPE), late preeclampsia (LPE), superimposed preeclampsia (SIPE) and eclampsia] who met the inclusion criteria. Patients without medical coverage that prevented longterm outpatient follow-up at the institution were excluded. Baseline characteristics and evolution, treatment and persistent HTafter puerperium were evaluated. The incidence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), preterm delivery, maternal mortality and neonatal death within the first 28 days of life was analyzed. Results: Among a total of 5825 deliveries/caesarean sections, 152 patients with GHT (37.5%), EPE (19.7%), LPE (38.8%), SIPE (3.3%), and eclampsia (0.6%) who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Mean age was 36.4±5.6 years. Aspirin was administered to 38.1% of patients. The most commonly used antihypertensive drugs were labetalol (65.8%) and enalapril (44.1%) during pregnancy and puerperium, respectively. There was no maternal mortality, and neonatal mortality was 3.6%. Persistent HT was 20.0%. Conclusion: Late preeclampsia was the most frequent HDP in the population analyzed. More than half of the patients who developed HDP did not receive preventive treatment with aspirin, showing a deficit in the identification of the population at risk. One in 5 HDP patients remained with CHT after puerperium.
Nuclear localisation of wild type and mutant galectin‐3 in transfected cells
Authors: Gaudin Jean‐Charles , Mehul Bruno , Hughes R. Colin
Published: July 2002

Summary— Galectin‐3, a member of a family of carbohydrate‐binding proteins, is present generally in the cytoplasm of cells. However, galectin 3 can also be located in nuclei under certain conditions although it lacks any known nuclear localisation signal and the mechanism by which the protein is sequestered in nuclei is unknown. Here we describe that Cos‐7 cells or rabbit smooth muscle Rb‐1 cells transfected with cDNA encoding hamster galectin‐3 sequester the protein in nuclei whereas untransfected BHK cells expressing the endogenous hamster lectin or transfected BHK cells over‐expressing the protein, do not. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of Cos‐7 cells or rabbit smooth muscle Rb‐1 cells transfected with cDNAs encoding mutants of hamster galectin‐3 containing N‐terminal or internal deletions shows that nuclear localisation does not require the first 103 amino acid residues of the protein. Further deletion of residues 104–110 dramatically prevents sequestration in nuclei. However, the sequence A 104PTGALT110 by itself is not obligatory for nuclear localisation and can be substituted by other unrelated sequences. A truncated galectin‐3 protein, that is blocked in nuclear expression, retains carbohydrate‐binding activity, making less likely the possibility that severe N‐terminal truncations of galectin‐3 induce mis‐folding leading to aggregation and cytoplasmic sequestration and an incidental effect on nuclear trafficking. These studies indicate that nuclear import and retention of galectin‐3 is a property of the CRD domain and is independent of N‐terminal domains that others have shown to contain binding domains for various nuclear components.
Strategy, advanced manufacturing technology and performance: empirical evidence from U.S. manufacturing firms
Authors: Kotha Suresh , Swamidass Paul M
Published: July 2002

This study investigates the complex relationships among strategy, advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) and performance using survey responses from 160 U.S. manufacturing firms. In contrast to previous studies that emphasize only the flexibility dimension of AMT, this study adopts a multidimensional view of AMT by stressing the information processing capability inherent in AMTs. The study found support for four dimensions of AMT: information exchange and planning technology (IEPT), product design technology (PDT), low‐volume flexible automation technology (LVFAT), and high‐volume automation technology (HVAT). The results found also indicate empirical support for the study's major premise that a fit between certain strategy–AMT dimensions will be associated with superior performance. Using the findings, the study discusses the implications of the findings and suggests several avenues for future research.
The management of patients with heart failure in France
Authors: Cohen‐Solal A. , Bouhour J.B. , Thebaut J.F.
Published: July 2002

Heart failure is becoming, in France as in other countries, a major public health problem, occurring in elderly patients with concurrent disease. A general overview of the current care of heart failure patients in France is provided in this article, and some ideas about possible ways of improving the present management of heart failure.
Comparison of Different Bioreactor Systems for the Production of High Titer Retroviral Vectors
Authors: Merten O.‐W. , Cruz P. E. , Rochette C. , Geny‐Fiamma C. , Bouquet C. , Gonçalves D. , Danos O. , Carrondo M. J. T.
Published: July 2002

Improved, human‐based packaging cell lines allow the production of high‐titer, RCR‐free retroviral vectors. The utility of these cell lines for the production of clinical grade vectors critically depends on the definition of optimal conditions for scaled‐up cultures. In this work, a clone derived from the TE Fly GALV packaging cell (Duisit et al. Hum. Gene Ther. 1999, 10, 189) that produces high titers of a lacZ containing retroviral vector with a Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus envelope glycoprotein was used. This clone can produce (2−5) × 106 PFU cm−3 in small scale cultures and has been evaluated for growth and vector production in different reactor systems. The performances of fixed bed reactors [CellCube (Costar) and Celligen (New Brunswick)] and stirred tank reactors [microcarriers and clump cultures] were compared. The cells showed a higher apparent growth rate in the fixed bed reactor systems than in the suspension systems, probably as a result of the fact that aggregation and/or formation of clumps led to a reduced viability and reduced growth of cells in the interior of the clumps. As a consequence, the final cell density and number were in average 3‐ to 7‐fold higher in the fixed bed systems in comparison to the suspension culture systems. The average titers obtained ranged from 0.5 to 2.1 × 107 PFU cm−3 for the fixed bed and microcarrier systems, while the clump cultures produced only (2−5) × 105 PFU cm−3. The differences in titers reflect cell densities as well as specific viral vector production rates, with the immobilization and microcarrier systems exhibiting an at least 10‐fold higher production rate in comparison to the clump cultures. A partial optimization of the culture conditions in the Celligen fixed bed reactor, consisting of a 9‐fold reduction of the seeding cell density, led to a 5‐fold increased vector production rate accompanied by an average titer of 3 × 107 PFU cm−3 (maximum titer (4−5) × 107 PFU cm−3) in the fixed bed reactor. The performance evaluation results using mathematical models indicated that the fixed bed bioreactor has a higher potential for retroviral vector production because of both the higher reactor productivity and the lower sensitivity of productivity in relation to the changes in final retrovirus titer in the range of 3 × 106 to 15 × 106 PFU cm−3.
Effect of maurotoxin, a four disulfide‐bridged toxin from the chactoid scorpion Scorpio maurus, on Shaker K+ channels
Authors: Carlier E. , Geib S. , De Waard M. , Avdonin V. , Hoshi T. , Fajloun Z. , Rochat H. , Sabatier J.‐M. , Kharrat R.
Published: July 2002

Abstract: Maurotoxin is a 34‐residue toxin isolated from the venom of the Tunisian chactoid scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus and contains four disulfide bridges that are normally found in long‐chain toxins of 60–70 amino acid residues, which affect voltage‐gated sodium channels. However, despite the unconventional disulfide‐bridge pattern of maurotoxin, the conformation of this toxin remains similar to that of other toxins acting on potassium channels. Here, we analyzed the effects of synthetic maurotoxin on voltage‐gated Shaker potassium channels (ShB) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Maurotoxin produces a strong, but reversible, inhibition of the ShB K+ current with an IC50 of 2 nm. Increasing concentrations of the toxin induce a progressively higher block at saturating concentrations. At nonsaturating concentrations of the toxin (5–20 nm), the channel block appears slightly more pronounced at threshold potentials suggesting that the toxin may have a higher affinity for the closed state of the channel. At the single channel level, the toxin does not modify the unitary current amplitude, but decreases ensemble currents by increasing the number of depolarizing epochs that failed to elicit any opening. A point mutation of Lys23 to alanine in maurotoxin produces a 1000‐fold reduction in the IC50 of block by the toxin suggesting the importance of this charged residue for the interaction with the channel. Maurotoxin does not affect K+ currents carried by Kir2.3 channels in oocytes or Na+ currents carried by the αIIa channel expressed in CHO cells.
High prevalence of cagA‐positive strains in Helicobacter pylori‐infected, healthy, young Chinese adults
Authors: Yang Haitao , Wu S Vincent , Pichuantes Sergio , Song Min , Wang Jide , Zhou Dianyuan , Xu Zhimin , Quan Stella , Polito Alan , Walsh John
Published: July 2002

Background: Cytotoxin‐associated gene A (cagA) has been implicated as a potential pathogenic marker for Helicobacter pylori‐induced severe gastroduodenal diseases. Although the prevalence of cagA‐positive strains has been reported in patient populations from developed countries, only limited information from developing countries is available.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in combination with immunoblot analysis was used to determine the prevalence of cagA and its adjacent cagE genes and to evaluate the expression of CagA protein in 55 H. pylori clinical isolates from China.

Results: The expected PCR products derived from H. pylori cagA and cagE genes were identified in all Chinese H. pylori clinical isolates. Similarly, the CagA protein was detected in all 40 isolates tested.

Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the presence of the cagA gene correlated well with expression of the CagA protein in all surveyed Chinese H. pylori isolates and that infection with cagA‐positive H. pylori strains is highly common in China and independent of clinical presentation.
Desmopressin for the treatment of nocturnal polyuria in the elderly: a dose titration study
Authors: Asplund  , Sundberg  , Bengtsson
Published: July 2002

Objective

 To evaluate the decrease in nocturnal polyuria and the tolerability of three different doses of oral desmopressin in elderly subjects.

Subjects and methods

 Subjects were included in the study if they; (i) were healthy and free from medication with possible influence on their diuresis or voiding pattern; (ii) had an increased nocturnal frequency (≥2 nocturnal voids, as reported in the pre‐screening period); and (iii) had a nocturnal urinary output of ≥0.9 mL/min. Seventeen men and six women (mean age 68.1, sd 4.7 years) met these criteria and were treated with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg oral desmopressin given at bedtime, each dose taken for one week on three consecutive weeks.

Results

 The mean (sd) nocturnal diuresis before treatment was 1.6 (0.7) mL/min, which decreased significantly to 1.1 (0.4) mL/min when 0.1 mg desmopressin was given. A dose of 0.2 mg desmopressin resulted in a further small decrease in the nocturnal diuresis to 0.9 (0.4) mL/min, whereas the 0.4 mg dose produced no additional effect. The reduction in nocturnal diuresis occurred almost exclusively in the group with a nocturnal urinary output of ≥1.3 mL/min. After treatment, diuresis returned to pretreatment levels. There was no change in body weight or in ankle circumference during desmopressin treatment and no serious adverse effects were observed.

Conclusion

 Desmopressin reduces nocturnal diuresis in polyuric elderly subjects and this reduction, occurring with doses of 0.1 mg given at bedtime, does not increase in a dose‐dependent way.
The specific dermatoses of pregnancy: a re‐appraisal
Authors: Al‐Fares SI , Vaughan Jones S , Black MM
Published: July 2002

Pregnancy is associated with immunological, endocrine, metabolic and vascular changes that may adversely affect the skin. The specific dermatoses of pregnancy are disease entities almost exclusively related to the pregnancy or the puerperium.

Learning objective

At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be aware of the main entities of the specific pregnancy dermatoses, their clinical presentations, the main diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options.