bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IGNALINA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Adlys G. , Adlienė D.
Published: December 2016

Lithuania has to solve a lot of problems when closing Ignalina nuclear power plant (INPP). One of them is predicting, monitoring and managing of radiation situation and its impact to environment during this period. Calculated data files for nuclides in nuclear fuel could be used for this aim.This work presents our calculations of concentrations and activities of actinides and fission products in RBMK-1500 reactor fuel in dependence on fuel burn up and cooling time.Calculations were made using French computer code Apollo1 [1].
GEOTHERMAL WATERS IN POLAND
Authors: Chrzan T.
Published: December 2016

This study presents the role of the geothermal waters mainly for the municipal heating, greenhouses, swimming pools, etc. Presently, two types of geothermal waters are used in the world. Waters of the temperatures higher than 130oC (steam) used mostly to drive turbines in geothermal power plants. Waters of low temperatures (20oC to 100oC) are used as a direct energy carrier for the municipal heating systems. The geothermal waters in Poland are presented in this paper.
Tumour Oscillation Analysis in Angiogenesis Models
Authors: Daugulis P.
Published: December 2016

In this paper we describe Hopf point analysis for several systems of ordinary and time delay differential equations which encode the most important assumptions concerning anguigenesis processes induced by tumours It is shown that in most cases Hopf points exist only if time delays are nonzero and for most nonzero time delays there are Hopf points in these families of models.
Fuelwood Comparison with Other Kinds of Fuel
Authors: Dolacis J. , Tomsons E. , Hrols J.
Published: December 2016

A part of Latvia’s forest resources, namely, branches, stumps, small stump top ends, firewood, slabs, sawdust, etc. remains unutilised both in the felling sites and woodworking plants. All this can be successfully utilised for production of heat energy, thereby replacing a part of the imported natural gas, coal and liquid fuel. To assess the utilisation of a definite type of primary energy, not only its accessibility and costs, but also calorific value should be known. The rational utilisation of energy resources in Latvia is urgent, since less than 30% from the consumption is obtained in this country. Thus, in 2000, the Latvia’s energy balance showed the total consumption of different types of primary energy resources to be 159 145 TJ (T = 1012). Utilising firewood, woodworking waste and chips, 34 250 TJ of energy was produced, or 21.5 % from the total primary energy consumed in Latvia. In the present study, fuel wood is compared with other types of fuel. If the equivalent value of one ton of coal (tce) is 29.308 MJ/kg, then the calorific value of natural gas and dry wood is 1.507 and 0.644, respectively. If 18.883 MJ of heat is obtained from 1 kg of oven dry wood, then 1.3 kg of wood with the relative moisture (Wr) content 20% and about 2.0 kg of freshly cut wood are necessary. To replace 1 ton of sawdust pellets or granules, 2.44 steres of birch firewood with the moisture content Wr = 20% or 2.63 steres with Wr = 40% are necessary. The above-mentioned amount of pellets or granules can be replaced by 3.47 steres of spruce firewood with Wr = 20% or 3.76 steres with Wr = 40%. The production of 1 kWh of heat from natural gas yields 0.224 kg of carbon dioxide, but in the case of fully combusted wood, from 0.35 to 0.4 kg of carbon dioxide.
INFO SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE USE OF WOOD FUEL
Authors: Dzenajaviciene E. F. , Sidlauskas V.
Published: December 2016

EU Integration raises new requirements to energy sector, including municipal energy sector and improvement of local planning. Important role is assigned to development of energy infrastructure, use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. In order to use financial support from EU Structural funds for regional energy development, qualified applications will have to be developed in adequacy with the requirements for the use and control of EU Structural funds. The latter should be developed in the context of regional development programs (including energy sector development), which should be based on info systems. The Laboratory of Regional Energy Development at LEI is developing integrated info system "TAUSA" for this purpose. This info system is formed as server of data bases with respective bases and additional analysis modules. Information for the consumers of info systems could be available at Internet website. Besides indicators on district heating, "TAUSA" will accumulate data on distribution and end use of renewable energy sources at regional level, which permits to assess main macroeconomic indicators in the development of this economic activity. Matrix model for economic activity of preparing local fuel will enable to evaluate inter-branch links for district heating sector and the role of local fuel production in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) creating process. The macroeconomic model under development will help to assess economic benefit from the use of renewable energy sources in the region, including the facts that it improves employment, increases the flow of taxes to municipal budget, paid by the companies employed in this sector, give new business development opportunities.
Ecotechnnology – Physical and Technical Foundation of Pyrolyses Parameters
Authors: Noviks G.
Published: December 2016

The paper deals with the environmentally safe waste processing problem. The pyrolysis is one of the most prospective among different utilization methods of residuals. For hearing organic mass in the pyrolysis process up to 5500C author recommends to apply high frequency and high intensity electromagnetic fields. It is necessary to analyze relationships between waste electrical parameters and frequency of electromagnetic field to achieve optimal parameter of electromagnetic heating. For this purpose was worked out a device for measuring dielectric permittivity and dielectric losses in the range of electromagnetic frequencies between 0.05 – 50 MHz. The measurements were accomplished on the samplers composed of different quantity of organic and inorganic (dielectrics and conductors) materials. The methodology of calculation optimal physical and technical squares for implementation of suggested technology was applied and experimental data were analyzed. The best parameters of electromagnetic field for pyrolysis of solid wastes is frequency f=1,5 – 4∙106 Hz and electric intensity E=180 – 220 kV/m and E=390 – 40 kV/m for waste of different composition.
Numerical Modelling of Room Thermal Comfort Conditions
Authors: Gendels S. , Jakovičs A.
Published: December 2016

Particular heat transfer coefficients of building elements gives quantitative notion only about heat losses through this building element. Analysis of the overall heat balance and heat losses of complete building and study of particular contribution of building elements in overall balance allows one to figure out the state of the building and find the building elements of bounding construction with most significant heat losses. Project variants of the buildings (or rebuilding in case of renovation), which ensure the desirable economy of energy and proportions of investments can be find varying the proportions of the surface area of building elements (e.g., windows and doors). A lot of factors can be included in requirements of heat consumption of the building. Moreover, monthly calculations are possible. These both aspects contribute in so called method of full calculations, which is made in correspondence with standard EN 832. Though, it is possible to use also the simplified variant of calculations offered by Latvian building normative LBN 002-01. Both approaches of modelling are realised in elaborated software HeatMod, which is made in laboratory of MMTEP. Both methodologies are applicable to buildings, which can be divided in separate blocks in such a way that temperature in each of blocks is approximately constant or exists different number of floors in each of blocks. Separate analysis of heat balance is made for each block and finally the obtained heat consumptions are summed together. This allows one to consider really existing temperature difference in building, e.g., in office and depository. It is possible to approximate also the influence of given regime of temperature. The possibility to minimise heat losses and their contributions are analysed on particular examples. Comparative analysis of both methods is performed and the dependence of various heat transfers on the change of different input data are studied.
SLUDGE EFFECT ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY
Authors: Gontaszewska A. , Kraiński A.
Published: December 2016

The influence of sludge on the groundwater’s quality has been shown on the bases of the agricultural exploitation of the sludge from a sewage-treatment plant. Little thickness of unsaturated zone (8.8 m) is not effective protection against the infiltration of the pollution from the surface. Unsaturated zone consist of sand of permeability coefficient k=0,68 m/h. The time of the vertical infiltration into the aquifer has been estimated at t=14,4 days. The investigations carried out during fertilization with the sludge have revealed an undoubted increase in the concentration of some ions as well as the increase in pH of the groundwater. The increase in the amount of some ions (e.g. N-NO3, SO4, Zn) as well as detergents indicates the possibility (as function of time) of reaching higher values than the ones permissible for drinking water. The phenomenon of the increase in the concentration of the particular ions will be accelerated after depletion of sorption of the soil in the unsaturated zone. The time can be estimated for not more than several years, taking into account a small area of the fertilized fields and high contents of “pollution” in the sludge (the total of the heavy metals reaches up to 1,5 g/kg)
Durability of Biomass Briquettes
Authors: Kaķītis A. , Nulle I.
Published: December 2016

The main resources for biomass agro-ecotechnologies are cereal straw residues, energy crops and emergent vegetation from wetlands. The herbaceous biomass is a material of low density (20 – 60kg/m3) therefore new mobile equipment and technologies for biomass comminution and densification have to be worked out. To guarantee the quality of biomass briquettes in the handling and usage process, sufficient durability of briquettes should be provided. National Standards of biomass briquettes should be worked out in accordance with the requirements of International Standards. Dependence of Ultimate shear stress on wheat stalk material particle size in biomass briquettes was investigated. It was stated that ultimate shear stress increases for particle size in briquettes less than 0.5mm. Peat additive improves the density and ultimate shear strength of briquettes, but peat in combustion process increases the ash content. Therefore it is not necessary to add peat more than 50% in briquetting composition. Durability of reed stalk briquettes ~1.7 times exceeds durability of wheat stalk briquettes. Maximal values of ultimate shear stress (1,5 MPa) and density (1,2 g/cm3) for pure peat (100%) briquettes was obtained.
OUTFLOW OF THE BIOGENIC SUBSTANCES IN THE DRAINAGE AREA OF SŁAWSKIE LAKE
Authors: Małecki A.
Published: December 2016

The intent of the author is to familiarize the readers with the results of the research on the anthropogenic eutrophication of the Sławskie Lake where it is impossible or difficult to apply technical measures preventing the pollution. It is a shallow, eutrophic lake where, the structure and functioning – especially the accessibility of easily assimilated biogenic compounds, especially the phosphorus – depends significantly of the fate and speed of decay of the organic matter brought to that ecosystem from the drainage area. For the last several years observed was (in that researched lake) strong blossoming of algae and cyanosis constituting the proof of its periodically sudden eutrophication. A proper description of the volume of the area pollution and determination of the outflow indicators for the water transferring lakes is difficult because the volume of the outflow of the wastes is influenced not only by their diversified contents – being the result of the combination of individual components in varying proportions – but also their influence as a result of certain local conditions. Thus, the results obtained by different authors show big differences and even discrepancies. On the basis of the conducted research it was determined that the most adequate relation (with a similar character of the area) is for the researched drainage area the one between the load of the biogenes and the volume of the indicators of their unit outflow.
Energy Effectiveness Assessment of Composting Technologies
Authors: Plūme I.
Published: December 2016

The incorrect biomass composting improperly results in considerable emission of greenhouse gases, loss of effluent and composting heat into environment. The composting heat and gases utilisation is especially suitable for plant enrichment and heating of greenhouses. The mathematical model is worked out for assessment of energy effectiveness and sustainability of biomass composting process. Coefficient of energy effectiveness for traditional litter manure composting technologies is 0.45 and can be increased up to 1.50 if the effluent, composting heat, carbon dioxide and ammonia were utilised during the composting cycle.
Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat Trials
Authors: Ruža A. , Kreita Dz. , Krotovs M. , Maļecka S. , Stramkale V.
Published: December 2016

The field experiments with ten diverse varieties of winter wheat were laid down according to uniform scheme during 2001 – 2002 at three locations having different soils and agroclimatic conditions: study and research farm “Pēterlauki” of the Latvia University of Agriculture on sod – calcareous medium loam soils, humus content 19 – 21 g kg-1 of soil; at the Stende Plant Breeding Station on sod – podzolio soils, humus content 18 - 19 g kg-1 of soil and at Latgale Science Centre in Viļāni on humus – podzolic gley soils, humus content 65 – 95 g kg-1 of soil. There was observed sharp variation in meteorological conditions during experimental years and quite variable weather conditions between the trial sites. The average results obtained in the experiments suggest that stable increase of winter wheat grain yield was reached increasing fertilizer N rates from N90 to N120 (split application) thus ensuring grain yield increase 1 to 20 kg per 1 kg N applied. The crude protein yield 2,8 – 3,47 kg per 1 kg N applied was obtained from trial plots at the study and research farm “Pēterlauki” and at the Stende Plant Breeding Station. The mineral N use efficiency was considerably lower in humus – rich soils in Viļāni. The increase of fertilizer N rate up to N180 (split application) resulted in gradual decrease of nitrogen use efficiency, and utilization coefficient was to a great extent depended on meteorological conditions during vegetation period.
Environmentally Friendly Nitrogen Fertilizers Appplication for Winter Cereals Considering the Mineral Nitrogen Content in Soil
Authors: Timbare R. , Bušmanis M.
Published: December 2016

In order to improve nitrogen fertilizers application recommendations for cereals, the soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) investigations (1995 – 2000) were carried out on sod – podzolic and brown – lesssive loamy sand and loamy soils in co-operation with other research institutions. The soil samples for determination of NO3 – N and NH4 – N were taken in depth 0 - 20, 21 – 40 and 41 – 60 cm in spring before the start of growth on winter cereals fields, but in 2001,2002- also in autumn before the sowing of winter cereals. Data on soil properties, the amount of precipitation in autumn (August 1 until the first decade with the average temperature below 5 oC), preceding crops and the use of organic fertilizers at sites of investigations were considered. The determination of NO3 – N and NH4 – N content was carried out in wet soil samples using for extraction 1 M KCl. Statistical analysis of data obtained in spring has been carried out using MS EXCEL function CORREL, CORRELATION, REGRESSION and SPSS 8.0 for Windows (GLM procedure). According to this analysis the following model (R2 = 0,527) was elaborated: y = 103.513 – 13.515|X1=1 – 0.247·X3 – 27.069|X2=0 – 42.945|X2=1 – 39.044|X2=2 – 16.022|X2=3 – 44.212|X2=4 + 0.104·X3|X2=0 + 0.181·X3|X2=1+ 0.187·X3|X2=2 +0.117·X3|X2=3+0.175·X3|X2=4, where y- predicted Nmin content in spring in 0- 40 cm soil layer, kg ha-1; 103.513 – intercept; X3 – amount of precipitation in autumn, mm; X1 – soil texture; X1=1 – loamy sand soils, X2 – predecessor; X2=0 – cereals; X2=1 – perennial grass; X2=2 – tilled crops; X2=3 – legumes; X2=4 – green manure crops; X2=5- fallow. On the basis of this model and data on meteorological conditions at different sites of Latvia the recommendations on correction N top - dressing application rates for winter cereals in spring were prepared.
IMPACT OF SOIL MOISTURE AND COMPOSITION ON ITS PROPERTIES AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF TILLAGE
Authors: Vilde A.
Published: December 2016

Two of the many factors that influence soil properties and energy consumption are soil moisture and soil composition. The correlations derived from our theoretical and experimental research allow to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of soil such as density, hardness, friction, adhesion, and to assess the draft resistance of soil tillage machines (ploughs, cultivators) depending on the value of the moisture of soil and its composition, as well as on the design parameters and operating speed of the machines, and to determine the optimum range of soil moisture when the energy capacity of tillage is the lowest.
ECOLOGICAL-GEOCHEMICAL STATE OF TOPSOIL AND WATER SEDIMENTS IN ŠIAULIAI
Authors: Zinkutė R. , Radzevičius A. , Taraškevičius R.
Published: December 2016

Ecological-geochemical state of topsoil and water sediments in Šiauliai was evaluated taking into account total contents of 14 hazardous elements (Pb, Zn, Cu, Sn, Ag, Ni, Mo, Cr, Co, Mn, V, B, Sr, Ba) in a complex way – both according to their total contamination index and their standards (existing State standards and phytotoxic concentrations in soil used in European countries). The fraction < 1 mm of samples was analysed by atomic emission spectrophotometry. Topsoil composite samples (110 in all) were taken approximately from each square kilometre and classified into 4 groups according to functional micro-zones. The number of samples from water sediments (Talša and Ginkūnai lakes, Kulpė and Violė rivers) was 13. Even 54.5% topsoil samples were characterised by unsatisfactory final ecological-geochemical state (30% of them had bad state). Topsoil of industrial functional micro-zones had the worst state. It was followed by topsoil of residential, then by topsoil from social-residential micro-zones. Topsoil from the territories of recreation or protected areas had the best quality. Ecological-geochemical state of water sediments in Ginkūnai and Talša lakes and in Kulpė or Violė rivers was very bad or bad.
FINANCIAL FORECASTING USING NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Zorins A.
Published: December 2016

This paper presents an application of neural networks to financial time-series forecasting. No additional indicators, but only the information contained in the sales time series was used to model and forecast stock exchange index. The forecasting is carried out by two different neural network learning algorithms – error backpropagation and Kohonen self-organising maps. The results are presented and their comparative analysis is performed in this article.
BIOMASS AS AN ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Charzan Tadeusz
Published: December 2016

Utilisation of energy from renewable sources can bring great positive ecological effects. The greatest hope related to renewable sources of energy is with biomass, the stocks of which present huge reserves of energy. Biomass can be used for energy purposes in the process of direct incinerating of bio-fuels (timber, straw seed, hay) or in the form of gas.In this paper, described are the economical effects of pro-ecological enterprises dealing with energy. Described is the example of biomass application and presented is its efficiency.
EXTRACTING RULES FROM TRAINED RBF NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Grabusts Peter
Published: December 2016

This paper describes a method of rule extraction from trained artificial neural networks. The statement of the problem is given. The aim of rule extraction procedure and suitable neural networks for rule extraction are outlined. The RULEX rule extraction algorithm is discussed that is based on the radial basis function (RBF) neural network. The extracted rules can help discover and analyze the rule set hidden in data sets. The paper contains an implementation example, which is shown through standalone IRIS data set.
ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF BIODIESEL USE
Authors: Gulbis Vilnis , Shmigins Ruslans
Published: December 2016

The paper presents a study of biodiesel application and its ecological impacts. Our study is based on the comparison of exhaust emission composition produced by the combustion of rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) and conventional diesel fuel (DD) and its blends in a direct injection diesel engine XD2P (YTT). The engine was tested in biofuels laboratory of LUA Motor Vehicle Institute. Fueling the engine with biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blend reduced oxides of nitrogen by 17.5% (100RME) and by 5.6% (35RME) and carbon monoxide by 49.8% (100RME) and by 45.3% (35RME). Fueling the engine with biodiesel and different biodiesel/diesel blends reduced the absorption coefficient by 33.9% (5RME), by 44.3% (20RME), by 48.3% (35RME) and by 51.2% (100RME) on free acceleration regime. In these tests soot reduced by 28...76.7% at full opened throttle position with 100RME.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIBRE FLAX YIELD AND DIFFERENT FORMS OF NITROGEN IN THE SOIL
Authors: Jankauskiene Zofija , Endriukaitis Algimantas , Gruzdeviene Elvyra
Published: December 2016

Research on fibre flax yield response to the amount of different nitrogen forms in the soil was carried out at the Upytė Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture (LIA). Humus content (as a source of nitrogen) (%), total nitrogen (%), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) (mg kg-1), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) (mg kg-1), total mineral nitrogen (Nmin) (mg kg-1) were measured in the soil samples collected from the plough layer, and the correlation between the mentioned - above soil variables and fibre flax yield was calculated. In most cases the relationships were weak but significant. Seed, stem, and long fibre yields responded to the soil nitrogen differently. The strongest correlation was established between flax yield and humus content.
MODELLING OF TRAFFIC POLICY MEASURES FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kliučininkas Linas , Balkevičiene Simona , Mockuviene Jolita
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the application of the Integrated Transport Effect Modeling System ITEMS, taking into consideration existing vehicle fleet, traffic flows, and ambient air quality monitoring data. The objective of this study is to estimate the exhausts of CO, NOx, and SO2 released by motor vehicles in relation to predictive traffic policy measures in Kaunas, Lithuania.This study analyses the extent to which some traffic policies and future trends may influence the ambient air pollution in urban environment. Three traffic policy measures such as: i) increase of car parking fee; ii) reduction of car parking places; iii) introduction of dedicated traffic lines for public transport are considered as the case studies to examine the extend to which they could reduce emissions from motor vehicles. At the same time, each policy measure comprises four scenarios including one, which indicates the current situation. The comparative analyses of the influence of different traffic policy measures on vehicle/passenger kilometres travelled and on emissions are presented.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LEARNING ALGORITHM OF RADIAL BASIS NETWORKS WITH RELATION TO THE TRANSFER FUNCTIONS APPLIED ON THE EXAMPLE OF MAPPING OF THE LIE LAND OF ZIELONA GORA CITY
Authors: Mrowczynska Maria
Published: December 2016

The article presents problems connected to the use of radial basis networks for the approximation of the ground surface. The main goal of this paper is to research into the precision of topographic profile representation with relation to the transfer functions applied. The paper contains a description of the structure of a radial basis network and a description of networks learning by means of the hybrid method with the use of the notion of the Green matrix pseudoinverse. Special attention was given to the problem of a choice of transfer functions: the Gauss function, the exponential function, the Hardy function, the spliced function of the third and fourth degree as well as bicentral functions with an independent slope and rotation. the result of this article is an example of the operation of a network with relation the transfer functions under discussion.
CONCEPT OF RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESTONIAN OIL SHALE MINES
Authors: Pastarus Jyri-Rivaldo , Sabanov Sergei
Published: December 2016

The paper deals with the risk assessment problems in Estonian oil shale mines, where the roomand-pillar mining with blasting is used. This study addresses risks associated with the collapse of mining blocks, including environmental problems. Some of the various factors, which are relevant to Estonian oil shale mines, are determined. For risk estimation the event tree is used. Investigation showed that the likelihood and the consequences of the risk are not acceptable. Risk mitigation process reduces the likelihood. The used concept of risk assessment method is applicable for Estonian oil shale mines. It may be used for different purposes and levels. The results of the risk assessment are of particular interest for practical purposes.
BIOMASS AMOUNT RESEARCH IN BIOSORPTION PROCESS
Authors: Račys Viktoras , Valūnas Irmantas , Kliaugaite Daina
Published: December 2016

Rising environmental standards for treated waste water necessitates to improve current waste water treatment methods or to look for the new ones. Often this task is rather difficult because new or modified methods have to be investigated thoroughly and the main parameters for process modeling and effectiveness estimation have to be set. Biomass concentration in biosorption process is important technological parameter though there is no accurate technique for its estimation. Thermal dissociation technique to determine biomass concentration was developed as an alternative to the standard volatile suspended solids (VSS) method. Biomass content is important for the technological calculations of the system, estimation of the oxidation potential and for the evaluation of biomass growth in accordance to decomposed pollutants, etc. Thermal dissociation technique is based on the difference in the sorbent and biomass burn out temperatures. The biomass content research results are given for sand, gravel and for activated carbon BAS-A.
INFLUENCE OF LIGNOSILICON ON PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER RYE IN BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
Authors: Spārniņa Maruta , Rancāne Sarmīte , Ļebedeva Gaļina , Teliševa Gaļina
Published: December 2016

Ecological friendly products increasing plant productivity, quality and resistance against diseases are widely used in biological agriculture many years. One of such products is lignosilicon. That is developed by Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry on the basic of wood processing waste and patented. However up to now effect of lignosilicon on the development of winter rye was not tested. Therefore LLU agency “Zemkopības zinātniskais institūts” (Crop-growing Research Institute) carried out investigation of lignosilicon effect on the winter rye “ Duoniai “ cultivation on the certified biological field. In spring 2004 “Lignosilicon” was introduced in soil ( 120 kg/ha ) and red clover “ Divaja “ was sown on the some field. The harvest of grain and straw, length and diameter of stem, ear length, numbers and mass o f grain in ear increased on the background of lignosilicon.
THE EVALUATION OF THE RESTRICTED NATURE RESERVE „LIELUPE FLOOD-PLAIN MEADOWS”
Authors: Straupe Inga , Adamovičs Aleksanders , Romānova Dina
Published: December 2016

The restricted nature reserve „Lielupe flood-plain meadows” was formed to maintain the natural meadows on the banks of the river Lielupe in the territory of Jelgava town. The varied complex of plant communities are located in meadows of Pilssala, on the Lielupe’s right and left bank and thus the nesting of rare and protected meadow and waterbirds as well as important rest area for migrating birds is determined there. The restricted nature reserve is proposed as Natura 2000 place, too. There are the medium moist, moist and wet meadows in the reserve that are the habitats of EU Habitats directive. The biological value of the Lielupe flood plain meadows are currently being endangered by overgrowing and eutrophication. To provide meadows management for maintaining botanical and ornithological values, the inventory of natural meadows was done and proposals for management were developed.
GROUNDWATER, SURFACE WATER AND LEACHATE MONITORING IN HOUSEHOLD WASTE LANDFILL „GETLINI”
Authors: Teirumnieks Edmunds , Prols Jānis , Dēliņa Aija
Published: December 2016

The paper is about the largest landfill in Latvia Getlini. Waste from Riga city and surroundings are disposed here. The waste landfilling once was started in the old sand-gravel quarry, next to the Getlini bog, and no environment protection measures were taken. Currently total area of the Getlini landfill is 87 ha and 36 ha of it occupy the old dumpsite (waste hill). Contaminants from the waste with storm water leached to the over groundwater and under groundwater and contaminated it. In the paper contamination level and spreading of leachate, surface water and groundwater are described.
THE CHOSEN CLASSICAL AND NON-CLASSICAL ALGORITHMS IN THE GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS OF DISPLACEMENTS
Authors: Gibowski Slawomir
Published: December 2016

The approach to analysing the measurement results of a levelling network which was established to identify the vertical displacements of the earth dam crone of a waste pond was presented in the paper. The obtained measurement results carried out by a precise levelling method were used in determining the precise displacements of the controlled points in the time function. The non-linear models of a kinematic network were applied to describe the displacements. A numerical evaluation of periodic measurement results was carried out by classical algorithms and neural networks. The neural networks recognized as the sophisticated modelling techniques were able to copy the non-linear functions.
HERBACEOUS BIOMASS SHREDDING FOR BIOFUEL COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Kronbergs Eriks , Smits Mareks
Published: December 2016

The 2003 reform o f the EU Common agricultural policy stimulates farmers to grow more energy crops, including short rotation coppice and other perennial crops. Peat can be used as additive for manufacturing o f solid biofuel, because it improves density, durability o f stalk material briquettes (pellets) and avoid corrosion o f boilers. For these reason herbaceous biomass compositions with peat fo r solid biofuel production is recommended. The main conditioning operation before biomass compacting is shredding. It was stated that common reed stalk material particle size reduction during cutting (shredding) process increased energy consumption very significantly. The calculation o f energy consumption fo r common reed cutting to sizes 0.6 and 0.5 mm was giving results 31.3 k J kg'1 and 43.5 k J kg'1. The shredder cutter bar has to be designed with friction energy losses decreased to minimum. This aim can to be realized by reducing o f area o f cutter bar knives moving into stalk biomass and minimizing biomass pressure (Patent LV13447) on cutter bar.
EFFICIENT USE OF WOOD RESOURCES ON THE POWER INDUSTRY OF LATVIA
Authors: Kundziņa Antra , Sarma Uģis
Published: December 2016

The aim of the paper is to determine the potential of energy-efficiency in the production of the -wood resources. The beginning of the paper provides a short review of the existing situation as well as a list of main problems in wood resource usage in the power industry of Latvia. A special attention is paid to large amounts of fuelwood exports. The paper gives information on the potential of fuelwood and its distribution.The result of the research is the calculation ofpotential wood resource savings resulting from energy-efficiency increase activities in heat sources, heating mains and consumer systems, which are already run using fuelwood. As a result of energy-efficiency activities in the heat energy production process, it is possible to save up to even 4.2 million MWh of wood fuel.At the end, approximate calculations of emission savings in case of the utmost efficient wood usage have been carried out.
ANALYSIS OF EARTHQUAKES AVAILABLE INFLUENCE ON „ESTONIA” MINE UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION STABILITY
Authors: Nikitin Oleg , Sabanov Sergei , Pastarus Jyri-Rivaldo
Published: December 2016

The processes of immediate roof exfoliation and pillars collapse accompanies by significant subsidence of the ground surface. Ground surface subsidence causes soil erosion and flooding, swamp formation, agricultural damage, deforestation, changes in landscape, ground water level decreasing and the formation unstable cavities. During experimental measurement of immediate roof absolute deformation on "Estonia" mine three earthquakes were registered. The main reason of investigation has served jumping characteristic of absolute deformation near a pillar after earthquake. Method of final elements for analysis of deformation modelling is used. Seismic risk assessment for underground constructions stability is presented in this study.
PYROLYTIC OIL - A PRODUCT OF FAST PYROLYSIS OF WOOD RESIDUES FOR ENERGY RESOURCES
Authors: Urbanovičs Igors , Dobele Gaļina , Jurkjane Vilhelmīne , Kampars Valdis , Samulis Ēriks
Published: December 2016

The application of renewable energy resources for energy production becomes increasingly urgent worldwide. Fast pyrolysis is one of the trends of obtaining liquid fuel from solid biomass.The aim of the present study was to investigate the yield, chemical composition, physical properties and water amount of hardwood pyrolytic oil (PO) depending on the pyrolysis and pre-treatment conditions in an ablative type reactor.The results of the analysis of the heat capacity of pyrolytic oil show an increase in this parameter from 12 MJ/kg (without drying) to 15-16 MJ/kg, drying the wood, and then pyrolysing it.Pyrolytic oil with a decreased amount of pyrolytic water and a high heat capacity was obtained in an ablative type reactor, drying the wood and then pyrolysing it. For the pyrolytic oil obtained in the two-stage fast pyrolysis equipment process, pH increases.
Geleerde uitgevers
Authors: Van Gelder Esther
Published: December 2016

Essay review van: Sandra Langereis, De woordenaar. Christoffel Plantijn, ‘s werelds grootste drukker en uitgever (1520-1589). Sleutelfiguren 6 (Amsterdam: Balans 2014) 399 pp., ill., ISBN 978 94 600 3345 2, € 29,95; Djoeke van Netten, Koopman in kennis. De uitgever Willem Jansz Blaeu in de geleerde wereld (1571-1638). Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Boekhandel. Nieuwe reeks 15 (Zutphen: Walburg Pers 2014) 320 pp., ill., ISBN 978 90 5730 879 6, € 29,50.
O sentido do “segue-me” de Jesus Cristo
Authors: Alves Lídia Maria Nazaré , Souza Leonardo Gomes de
Published: December 2016

Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido em torno das narrativas e linguagens sacro-religiosas. À luz dessas, e também de pensadores pós-modernos, questionou-se sobre a possibilidade ou não do “segue-me” de Jesus Cristo ser experimentado atualmente como o fora pelos primeiros cristãos. Levantou-se uma hipótese positiva, que foi comprovada, a partir do pressuposto de que tal experimentação é possível, desde que se escute e se obedeça a Palavra de Deus e se faça a travessia de uma catequese tradicionalista antropológica a uma catequese pós-moderna querigmática.
Authors: Farahiyah Dzata
Published: December 2016

The comparison of the performance of three algorithms of blind noise estimation without a priori information about transmitted signal is conducted in this research. The three estimators are maximum likelihood estimator, estimator based on cyclic prefix and estimator based on Forward consecutive mean excision (FCME). The comparison is done with the input DVB-T signal and with varied SNR and time observation. The performance of the three estimators are measured with NMSE. Cyclic prefix-estimator and Maximum likelihood-estimator has a stable performance against SNR, while FCME estimator has a fluctuative result. The number of symbol has an impact for three estimators, thus the performances are getting better as the number of symbol is increasing. The comparison shows that maximum likelihood-estimator has the best performances of all. It means that this estimator has high accuracy.
In Vitro and in Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Extracts from Polyalthia suaveolens, Uvaria angolensis and Monodora tenuifolia (Annonaceae)
Authors: Mfopa Alvine N. , Tchokouaha Lauve R. Y. , Mbouna Cedric D.J. , Tchuente Marthe A. T. , Kouipou Rufin M. T. , Fokou Patrick V. T. , Kemgne Eugenie A. M. , Kamkumo Raceline G. , Boyom Fabrice F.
Published: December 2016

The present study aimed at investigating the in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of malaria parasites to crude extracts and fractions from Polyalthia suaveolens, Uvaria angolensis, and Monodora tenuifolia. The ethanolic extracts were prepared by maceration, and were further partitioned using water, dichloromethane, hexane, and methanol. The most promising fraction was subjected to column chromatography and the sub-fractions tested for activity in vitro. The antiplasmodial effect of extracts and fractions was tested against the Chloroquine resistant (PfK1) strain in 96 wells microtiter plate format using SYBR green florescence assay. The promising fraction was further assessed for cytotoxicity and acute toxicity in Swiss albino mice and subsequently against the rodent malaria parasite, P. berghei. Qualitative phytochemical screening was also performed on the promising fraction. The methanol fractions exerted the overall better effect with that of the twigs of P. suaveolens (PStw(Ace)) showing the highest potency with a IC50 value of 3.24 µg/mL followed by the fractions of leaf of M. tenuifolia (MoTel(Ace), IC50= 3.84 µg/ml) and stem bark of P. suaveolens (IC50= 4.90 µg/ml). The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, lactones, and phenols in the more active fraction of P. suaveolens (PStw(Ace)). The chromatographic fractionation of this fraction led to 12 sub-fractions with PS8 sub-fraction being the most active (IC50= 4.42 µg/mL). In vivo, oral administration of 2000 mg/kg b.w of fraction PStw(Ace) in mice showed no signs of toxicity. Also, fraction PStw(Ace) at 400 mg/kg b.w exerted the highest suppressive effect against P. berghei strain B throughout the 4 days experiment (% parasitaemia below 5.2%). Overall, the results achieved supported the use of the three plants in the traditional treatment of malaria in Cameroon. More interestingly, the methanolic fraction of the twigs extract from P. suaveolens might be of interest in future development of an antimalarial phytodrug.
Visualizing 3D Terrain, Geo-Spatial Data, and Uncertainty
Authors: Dübel Steve , Röhlig Martin , Tominski Christian , Schumann Heidrun
Published: December 2016

Visualizing geo-spatial data embedded into a three-dimensional terrain is challenging. The problem becomes even more complex when uncertainty information needs to be presented as well. This paper addresses the question of how to visually communicate all three aspects: the 3D terrain, the geo-spatial data, and the data-associated uncertainty. We argue that visualizing all aspects with a high degree of detail will likely exceed the visual budget. Therefore, we propose a visualization strategy based on prioritizing a selected aspect and presenting the remaining two with less detail. We discuss various design options that allow us to obtain differently prioritized visual representations. Our approach has been implemented as a tool for rapid visualization prototyping in the context of avionics applications. Practical solutions are described for a use case related to the visualization of 3D terrain and uncertain weather data.
Critical Issues in Modelling Lymph Node Physiology
Authors: Grebennikov Dmitry , van Loon Raoul , Novkovic Mario , Onder Lucas , Savinkov Rostislav , Sazonov Igor , Tretyakova Rufina , Watson Daniel J. , Bocharov Gennady
Published: December 2016

In this study we discuss critical issues in modelling the structure and function of lymph nodes (LNs), with emphasis on how LN physiology is related to its multi-scale structural organization. In addition to macroscopic domains such as B-cell follicles and the T cell zone, there are vascular networks which play a key role in the delivery of information to the inner parts of the LN, i.e., the conduit and blood microvascular networks. We propose object-oriented computational algorithms to model the 3D geometry of the fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network and the microvasculature. Assuming that a conduit cylinder is densely packed with collagen fibers, the computational flow study predicted that the diffusion should be a dominating process in mass transport than convective flow. The geometry models are used to analyze the lymph flow properties through the conduit network in unperturbed- and damaged states of the LN. The analysis predicts that elimination of up to 60–90 % of edges is required to stop the lymph flux. This result suggests a high degree of functional robustness of the network.
Quem quer ser um Gestor de Recursos Humanos? Reflexões Sobre a Formação e o Perfil dos Alunos de Gestão de RH
Authors: Halpern Clarisse , Halpern Elizabeth Espindola
Published: December 2016

Uma pesquisa exploratória identificou o perfil e as motivações dos estudantes de um curso de MBA em Gestão de Recursos Humanos (RH) com o método descritivo e explicativo, através do levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo, aplicando um questionário online. Os resultados apontaram a preponderância de estudos sobre as competências dos profissionais de recursos humanos. Os questionários indicaram que os alunos eram majoritariamente do sexo feminino, com idades entre 26-31 anos e graduações em Psicologia e Pedagogia. Suas motivações centraram-se no aprimoramento profissional, em estudar em uma universidade de prestígio, visando um emprego na área. Embora o corpo docente tenha sido destacado como o ponto forte do curso, o aspecto mais criticado foi o conteúdo das aulas, consideradas muito teóricas. Em conclusão, os alunos manifestaram a necessidade de uma capacitação integral para trabalharem na área de RH.
Developing an Appropriate Performance Measurement Framework for Total Quality Management (TQM) in Construction and Other Industries
Authors: Neyestani Behnam , Juanzon Joseph Berlin P.
Published: December 2016

Total quality management (TQM) is a set of opinions and ideas that widely called “management philosophy”. This management technique is able to assist the construction firms in improving continuously the organization's performance, in order to satisfy customers and  survive in the market. The success of TQM implementation is tightly dependent on identifying and selecting the appropriate critical success factors (CSFs), quality tools, and performance measures (KPIs) within TQM framework.  Doubtlessly, a set of suitable performance measures (indicators) has a significant role to verify and ensure that TQM implementation can successfully achieve its aims in the organization. Thus, the main purpose of this paper was to develop a suitable framework to assess the effects of TQM  implementation on organization's performance in construction industry. For this aim, the study was conducted a comprehensive literature review to specify the existing key performance indicators (KPIs) from 26 TQM frameworks that formulated by scholars. In data analysis, the only 20 KPIs were found of 26 TQM studies. The extracted KPIs (20) classified based on four dimensions of balanced scorecard (BSC), and then arranged from highest to lowest frequency for each perspective of BSC. Finally, a total of ten KPIs were determined and presented within BSC system as an appropriate performance measures framework, which enables evaluating critical areas that very vital to the success of TQM implementation in construction firms at project and enterprise levels.
KONSELING LINTAS BUDAYA PERSPEKTIF ABDURRAHMAN WAHID
Authors: Ahmad Ubaidillah
Published: December 2016

Abstrak

Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengkaji model konseling lintas budaya KH Abdurrahman Wahid, (Gus Dur). Alasan meneliti pandangan Gus Dur, karena Gus Dur mampu menerapkan model konseling lintas budaya secara baik. Selain itu, Gus Dur mampu menjadikan teks kewahyuan relevan dengan model pendampingan keberagamaan. Tulisan ini memaparkan model konseling lintas budaya Gus Dur yang dapat dijadikan rujukan konseling Islam dan konseling lintas budaya. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi sumbangan berharga bagi perkembangan studi konseling kegamaan di tanah air.  

Abstract 
CROSS-CULTURAL COUNSELLING PERSPECTIVE OF ABDURRAHMAN WAHID. In this research, researchers will examine the model of cross-cultural counselling KH Abdurrahman Wahid, then called Gus Dur. Examine the reasons Gus Dur, because he was able to apply the model of cross-cultural counselling. In addition, Gus Dur is able to make the text apocryphal works relevant to the mentoring model of religiosity. This article will describe the model of cross-cultural counselling Gus Dur which can be used as a reference source of Islamic counselling and counselling cross-cultural. This can be a valuable contribution to the development of counselling studies in some Islamic universities.
ONE’S FACEBOOK STATUS, A REFLECTIVE SELF REPRESENTATION
Authors: Puspitasari Dewi
Published: December 2016

The phenomena of using social media in the society increases significantly.  Social media is being the shifting phenomenon within communication, in which people get connected through the number of internet facilities, for the users have grown massively (Shirky 2011:1). A text as shown in the Facebook status expresses the intention and background underlying it. The writer may deny the fact, however, lexicon, markers, and the choice of a visual support in the sentence clearly reflect the hidden message of the text. From the attitude in the stance shows that the writer comes across his idea in a negative tension (attitude).
THE ROLE OF ENGLISH EDUCATION AS THE SOLUTION OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE PROBLEM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Setyaningrum Anisah
Published: December 2016

The problem of social welfare becomes the theme which has been often to be discussed. This paper aims to describe the role of English Education as the solution of society’s welfare problem in Indonesia. English as an international language has become a compulsory subject in every level of education since last two decades. There are many advantages that can be gained by mastering English well, one of them is able to improve someone’s welfare level. One of the roles of English in increasing the Indonesian society’s welfare is English can be a potential provision in conducting entrepreneurship. In the other hand, it will increase their income. Besides, by having a good English mastery can facilitate them in gaining a better job.

 
Apresentação
Authors: Pinto Simone Rodrigues
Published: December 2016

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