bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LARYNGEAL CANCER SURGICAL RESULTS; 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
Authors: Bucak Abdulkadir , Kuzu Selçuk , Akın Murat , Yıldız Erkan , Günebakan Çağlar , Kahveci Orhan Kemal
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE: In this study, it was aimed to present the patients who underwent open laryngectomy in a tertiary otolaryngology clinic with current literature information in terms of age, gender, first symptom and duration, histopathological diagnosis, localization of the primary disease, neck condition, and our surgical treatment approach and results.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, the retrospective analysis of the files of 70 patients who underwent open surgical treatment for laryngeal cancer between 2011 and 2021 in a tertiary otorhinolaryngology clinic is discussed.
RESULTS: Of our laryngeal cancer cases, 68 (97.1%) were male, 2 (2.9%) were female, and their mean age was 64.9 (48-89 years). Thirty-four (48.57%) of our cases were glottic, 23 (32.9%) supraglottic, and 11 (15.7%) transglottic. There were 2 (2.85%) cases with isolated subglottic locations. Total laryngectomy was performed in 38 (54.3%) cases and partial laryngectomy was performed in 32 (45.7%) cases. Vertical laryngectomy in 1 (1.42%) of patients, subtotal laryngectomy in 1 (1.42%), frontolateral laryngectomy in 6 (8.57%), supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy in 10 (14.28%), supracricoid in 14 (20%) patients laryngectomy was performed. As a histopathological diagnosis; 3 (4.2%) cases of baso-squamous carcinoma, and the remaining 67 (95.8%) cases were squamous cell carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Surgery has an important place in the treatment of laryngeal cancers and neck dissection is complementary to regional control. Occult metastases in the cervical region cannot be determined using noninvasive methods, neck dissection is required to identify them. Detailed histopathological evaluation of lymph nodes removed during neck dissection is currently the most reliable method available for accurate diagnosis of lymph nodes.
Direitos humanos, diversidade e formação superior: diálogos entre educação e saúde
Authors: Rocha Vera , Castaño Lorena Vitola
Published: April 2024

O livro Direitos humanos, diversidade e formação superior: diálogos entre educação e saúde é formado por produções autorais derivadas de pesquisas, teóricas ou empíricas, relatos de experiências significativas e projetos de intervenção na área dos direitos humanos (DDHH), do direito internacional humanitário (DIH) em sua relação à saúde, à educação, à participação social e à cidadania. As leituras nos conduzem a refletir sobre o contexto sócio-histórico em que estamos inseridos e se apresentam com a perspectiva de contribuir de forma crítica à compreensão da complexa realidade da América Latina, realidade essa permeada de iniquidades e violações, porém com experiências que marcam a luta e a resistência de nosso povo. Os textos vão além de análises e considerações sobre saúde, educação e desigualdades; permitem a visualização de problemas sociais, políticos, econômicos, estruturais e apresentam propostas sobre caminhos e estratégias que eventualmente auxiliariam na superação das iniquidades, colocando os direitos humanos como ferramenta de luta, de fortalecimento dos movimentos sociais e de esperançamento. Desejamos que a obra, ao contribuir para o debate sobre os direitos humanos, a saúde e a educação em uma perspectiva decolonial, seja geradora de uma sequência de produções que fortaleçam as ações, conduzam a reflexões críticas e nos forneçam elementos que permitam transformar o mundo em um ambiente justo para todos e todas.
Radiofrequency-Induced Heating of Amalgam Restorations and Dental Implants During 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Paknahad Maryam , Khaleghi Iman , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate radiofrequency-induced heating of different amalgam restorations and dental implants during 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Materials and Methods: Standardized class I cavities (5 mm long, 3 mm wide, and 3 mm deep) were prepared on the occlusal surface of 45 extracted human third molars. The samples were restored by three different types of amalgam including Cinalux amalgam (non-gamma-2, spherical), GS-80 (non-gamma-2, admix), and GK-110 amalgam (non-gamma-2, admix in silver). As a separate intervention group (G4), five titanium mini drive-lock implants with 2mm diameter and 10mm length were also selected and mounted to the base of the Eppendorf tube with 3mm of the implants extending above the mounting putty. The box containing the specimens was placed parallel to the long axis of the standard head and neck coil of the MRI device (64MHz radio-frequency energy with 25kW amplifier, 1.5T). Temperature fluctuations of the metallic materials in each group were monitored during MRI scans using a calibrated thermometer. One-way ANOVA was used to compare temperature changes among the amalgam groups (P<0.05).
Results: Temperature elevations ranged from 0.21°C to 0.70°C in amalgam restorations and from 0.35 to 0.47°C in dental implants. The temperature changes among the three amalgam agents were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: According to our findings, the radiofrequency-induced heating of amalgam restorations and dental implants during MRI examination can be considered within acceptable ranges. Therefore, amalgam restorations and dental implants can be categorized as "MR safe" in terms of radiofrequency-induced heating during 1.5 T MRI.
Beliren Yetişkinlerde Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemalar ile Çocukluk Çağı Travmalarının Romantik İlişki Doyumu Üzerindeki Etkisi: Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğünün Aracı Rolü
Authors: Muezzin Ece Emre , Çetin Nilsu , Yüksel Muazzez Merve
Published: April 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı beliren yetişkinlerde erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar ile çocukluk çağı travmalarının romantik ilişki doyumu üzerindeki etkisinde duygu düzenleme güçlüğünün aracı rolünü incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmaya 406 yetişkin birey dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden birisi olan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır ve araştırmaya dahil edilen katılımcılar amaçsal örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan kişilere sosyodemografik form, Çocukluk Çağı Travma Ölçeği, Young Şema Ölçeği-Kısa Form 3, İlişki Doyumu Ölçeği, Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Ölçeği sunulmuştur. Araştırmada toplanan veriler SPSS paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analizler gerçekleştirilmeden önce veri setinin normal dağılıp dağılmadığına bakılmış ve Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ölçeği’nin fiziksel taciz ve cinsel taciz alt boyutları dışında tüm araştırma değişkenlerinin normal dağıldığı saptanmıştır. Çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılarak yapılan analizde kopukluk ve zedelenmiş otonomi şema alanının ilişki doyumu üzerinde anlamlı bir yordayıcı etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Duygu düzenleme güçlüğünün ise bu yordayıcılık etkisinde anlamlı bir aracılık etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen sonuçlar Türk aile yapısı, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri, bağlanma, psikometrik özellikler ve sosyal istenirlik faktörleri çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları bağlamında araştırmacılara, klinisyenlere ve devlete çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Performance Analysis of Meta-UI on Membatik Mixed Reality Application Using Nielsen’s Heuristic Method
Authors: Rante Hestiasari , Hanifati Kirana , Hakim Oktafian Sultan , Huda Achmad Torikul , Prayudi Agus , Zainuddin M. Agus , Sukaridhoto Sritrusta , Pasila Felix , Cáliz Doris
Published: April 2024

Moving beyond immersive learning, the rapid advancement of Mixed Reality (MR) technology is diversifying its applications across various sectors, including education, healthcare, and corporate training. However, standalone MR devices pose challenges related to performance and visualization realism. In this study, we focused on enhancing immersive learning by optimizing the User Interface (UI) of an MR batik-making application using the Meta-UI principle. This research aimed to assess the impact of these UI approaches on user satisfaction, measured through Nielsen's usability methods. User feedback was collected and analyzed to refine the UI design. Nielsen's usability heuristics guided the evaluation of UI attributes such as clarity, efficiency, and user satisfaction. The utilization of Meta-UI demonstrated a notable increase in user satisfaction. Nielsen's usability guidelines indicated ratings ranging from 3.93 (good) to 4.30 (very good), signifying users' positive perceptions of learnability, efficiency, memorability, error handling, and overall satisfaction within the MR batik-making application. This research also addressed these issues by meticulously optimizing 3D assets within MR applications. The results indicated that the application's CPU utilization is around 22%, attributed to its startup processes, resource allocation, and any initial computations it performed. However, the application continued to run within 4 GB of installed memory with the network bandwidth usage at 0.27 Mbps. User comfortability was enhanced, which is evident in improved ratings for importance and satisfaction levels (4.26 and 4.16, respectively) in the MR application.
La globalización jurídica frente al libre comercio y el desarrollo rural en Colombia
Authors: Insignares Cera Silvana , Bocanegra Jiménez María Andrea
Published: April 2024

La globalización jurídica es un fenómeno que da respuesta a la pluralidad de los acontecimientos que se dan en la globalización en sus ámbitos culturales, económicos y sociales, en el que se identifican múltiples vertientes como lo es la protección universal de los derechos humanos, la unificación de las fuentes del derecho y la teoría jurídica y las nuevas formas de negociación económica corporativas. En el presente artículo se analiza el Tratado de Libre Comercio de Colombia con Estados Unidos, como una manifestación de esta globalización, no sólo por sus aspectos económicos, sino por los costos no económicos que conlleva a la realización de políticas estatales orientadas a la protección jurídica de los derechos humanos o su desconocimiento en sus aspectos sociales, de manera particular, las medidas políticas y jurídicas implementadas frente al desarrollo rural en el sector arrocero.
Los deberes de solidaridad no justifican judicialmente la responsabilidad civil del Estado en Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Gómez Luis Felipe
Published: April 2024

Existe una práctica jurisprudencial de acudir al principio de solidaridad como argumento para sustentar una condena por responsabilidad civil del Estado. Este trabajo pretende mostrar que esta postura no es adecuada; si bien la solidaridad es un valor fundante del Estado social y de derecho plasmado en la Constitución Política de 1991, ninguno de los deberes constitucionales genéricos que emanan de este principio apunta a generar una obligación de reparar a cargo de un particular o del Estado a título de responsabilidad civil. El principio de solidaridad constituye un fundamento filosófico de los meca­nismos de compensación de daños, pero deben reconocerse las diferencias que existen entre los mecanismos unilaterales que buscan hacer una socialización de los daños producto de riesgos sociales, frente a los bilaterales como la responsabilidad civil, encargada de generar la obligación de reparar en ca­beza de quién ha causado un daño. En estas condiciones, no resulta correcto imponer en sede judicial la obligación de reparar a título de responsabilidad civil a un particular o al Estado con base en el principio de solidaridad; tal práctica implica una clara transgresión de las reglas del sistema bilateral de compensación de daños, una extralimitación de las funciones por parte del juez y una mutación indebida de la función de la responsabilidad civil.
A ISONOMIA NA TRIBUTAÇÃO EM PROJETOS DE REURB-S
Authors: Vieira Bruno Soeiro , Vieira Iracema de Lourdes Teixeira , Tupiassu Lise Vieira da Costa Tupiassu Merlin
Published: April 2024

Se, nas cidades do Sul global, a regularização fundiária e urbanística é urgente, o mesmo pode ser dito sobre o tratamento tributário dispensado aos beneficiários dos projetos de Regularização Fundiária Urbana de Interesse Social (Reurb-S). Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal propor um modelo de política tributária municipal sensível à condição daqueles historicamente “invisibilizados” das urbes brasileiras. A metodologia baseou-se em pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, necessária para expor as bases e as informações que viabilizem chegar ao resultado. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica e documental, foi possível criar o alicerce à proposta de política fiscal sensível à subjetividade da população vulnerável que habita áreas de Reurb-S. Após o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, percebeu-se que, por meio de um arrojado esforço exegético, é viável interconectar o Direito Constitucional-Tributário com o plexo normativo do Direito Urbano-Ambiental, concluindo-se que, com base nos princípios da isonomia tributária, da capacidade contributiva e receptiva dos contribuintes dos tributos municipais e do mínimo existencial, existem fundamentos normativos e principiológicos que viabilizam a elaboração de regras de tributação capazes de promover justiça tributária e socioespacial sensível à população vulnerável que habita as parcelas da “cidade informal”.
Interstate Lawsuits of Ukraine to the ECTHR: Is it Realistic to Achieve Final Judgments?
Authors: Karvatska Svitlana , Vdovichen Vitalii , Toronchuk Ivan
Published: April 2024

The article examines the problems and prospects of consideration of interstate applications of Ukraine against the Russian Federation by the ECtHR. The article analyzes that the ECtHR is currently considering five interstate cases initiated by Ukraine against the Russian Federation. However, the Russian Federation does not participate in the proceedings on the claims of Ukraine and does not intend to comply with the ECHR judgments. However, the ECHR will continue to consider the applications submitted to the ECtHR after Russia's withdrawal from the Council of Europe. The article proves that today there is no mechanism for enforcement of the ECtHR judgments on interstate claims of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. Since the Russian Federation does not intend to execute the decisions of the ECtHR voluntarily, there remains the option of either enforcing such judgments by the affected Ukrainians individually on the principle of reciprocity in other countries or creating a supranational mechanism for the execution of such decisions. It is indicated that in the future, the ECtHR will be able to consider and award compensation in all existing cases against the Russian Federation. Affected companies and individuals can file a claim for violation of property rights against the Russian Federation only in respect of actions or omissions before September 16, 2022.
Nevertheless, even in light of the Russian Federation's withdrawal from the ECHR, all decisions taken before the exit from the ECHR and the CoE must be implemented. Although after the ECtHR has decided on the merits, it takes a long time to decide on just satisfaction.
In conclusion, it is noted that the Russian Federation also does not comply with the interim measures demanded by the ECtHR to cease hostilities in Ukraine immediately. At the same time, this procedural decision is vital for considering the case "Ukraine v. Russia - X" on the merits from a historical perspective.
Citizen Participation in and Through AI-Enabled Innovation
Authors: Onufreiciuc Raluca
Published: April 2024

As we are witnessing one of the most interesting shifts in technology every day we can find cases where algorithms and data have improved people’s lives as well as examples where they have perpetuated bias and abuse. In light of the expanding influence of algorithms within governance structures and the imperative to provide elucidation on the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) within the public sector, this paper endeavors to scrutinize the potential for reinventing citizen engagement and participation through the integration of AI within online mass participatory platforms.
Rescate del libro: Geopolítica del hambre: ensayo sobre los problemas de la alimentación y la población del mundo
Authors: Salazar Burgos Ramiro Joaquin
Published: April 2024

Este rescate aborda una obra tan novedosa como necesaria para la época de su publicación, que al día de la fecha conserva notable vigencia. El autor elabora un profundo análisis desde múltiples dimensiones, escalas y periodos temporales para desatar la compleja trama que envuelve al problema del hambre desde tiempos históricos y a nivel global. La misma representa un aporte de valor incalculable para la comprensión histórica, geográfica, económica, política, social y cultural que atraviesa la producción y distribución de alimentos a nivel mundial y en sus escalas regionales, así como del estado nutricional y la malnutrición de sus poblaciones.
KENDSA Inaugural Scientific Conference’s Write-up
Authors:   University of Nairobi, Amondi Tina Alai
Published: April 2024

The Kenya Nutrition and Dietetics Students Association (KENDSA) marked a historic milestone with its first-ever scientific conference on March 8th, 2024, held at the University of Nairobi's Upper Kabete campus. This landmark event served as the official launch of KENDSA, following its establishment eight months prior.
Linguistik und Rhetorik – zusammen oder getrennt? Die wichtigsten Felder der linguistischen Forschung am Institut für Germanische Philologie an der Universität Wrocław aus der rhetorischen Perspektive
Authors: Bartoszewicz Iwona
Published: April 2024

Die im Titel des vorliegenden Artikels gestellte Frage wird positiv beantwortet. Im einleitenden Teil des Textes wird Versuch unternommen, die ars rhetorica zu definieren. Diese Aufgabe hat sich methodologisch als problematisch aber nicht als unmöglich erwiesen: die Rhetorik lässt sich nach den allgemein akzeptieren Methoden der Disziplinenbestimmung nicht erfassen. Im nächsten Schritt werden die Forschungsprojekte der im Institut für Germanistik der Universität Wrocław arbeitenden Linguist*innen identifiziert und im Sinn der am Textanfang formulierten Frage analysiert. Es lassen sich zahleiche, wichtige Forschungsfelder beobachten, die das analytische, methodologische und theoretische Interesse Breslauer Sprachforscher*innen an der Rhetorik als Instrument zur Erforschung der Rhetorizität des Kommunikationsprozesses beweisen, was sich am angehängten Literaturverzeichnis bemerken lässt.
Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Profiling of Escherichia coli isolates from Indian Camelus
Authors: Lakeshar Mahender Miland , Chaudhary Jyoti , Kumar Sudesh , Gurjar Narasi Ram , Kumar Prateek , Bhati Taruna , Shringi B.N.
Published: April 2024

Background: Escherichia coli is frequently associated with multiple antimicrobial resistances and a major cause of bacterial extraintestinal infections in livestock and humans. Escherichia coli resides in the lower digestive tract as harmless commensals but a subset of E. coli strains has acquired the ability due to acquisition of virulence and antibiotic genes, cause intestinal or extraintestinal diseases. Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation during 2020-2021, samples were taken from different localities of Bikaner district and surrounding are of Rajasthan. A total no. of 70 fecal samples were collected and immediately transferred to the Department of Veterinary Microbiology. In the laboratory, the collected samples were further processed for isolation and identification of E. coli bacteria. Result: Confirmation of E. coli was done using primary and biochemical test which are screened for hemolysin property, biofilm formation, antibiogram study and antibiotic resistance gene. All the isolates of E. coli used to show characteristic metallic sheen on EMB agar plate and excellent identification was done with VITEK 2 system. All the camel isolates shown partial hemolysis on sheep blood agarand 45.71% camel isolates were positive for biofilm formation. All these 70 E. coli isolates from camel were resistant to Penicillin (94.38%) which was followed by amoxicillin+sulbactam (85.71%), erythromycin (71.14%), cefixime+clavulanic acid (71.43%). Highest sensitivity to chloramphenicol (81.28%) followed by sulphadiazine (48.57%) and cotrimoxazole (48.28%). All these 70 isolates were screened for antibiotic resistance genes. On the basis of molecular screening of the antibiotic resistance genes, majority of the isolates carried BlaTEM gene in camel (56/70; 80%), followed by StrA (29/70; 41.40%), Sul-3 in (22/70; 31.42%), Sul-2 (18/70; 25.71%), aadA (28/70; 40%), tet(B) (22/70; 31.42%) isolates.
Innovations and Challenges in Crisis Contexts: Bangladesh’s Social Protection Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Institute of Development Studies, Pruce Kate
Published: April 2024

Many countries around the world introduced new social protection measures in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. In Bangladesh, innovations included emergency schemes such as cash support for informal workers and digital methods of delivery. However, for many people, the government safety net packages were unavailable to them, or they were ashamed to make a claim, or it was not enough to meet their basic needs. This Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme (CLEAR) Synthesis Paper explores three emerging themes: (1) targeting and access to social protection, (2) legitimacy and accountability, and (3) the role of stress, stigma, and social norms. It then discusses these themes in relation to global debates about social protection and identifies key areas for further research to improve future social protection targeting and delivery in Bangladesh.
The role of digital technologies in achieving sustainable agriculture
Authors:   University of São Paulo, Romanelli Thiago L. , Colaço André F. ,   University of São Paulo, Veiga, João P. S. ,   University of São Paulo
Published: April 2024

This chapter follows the role of digital technologies in achieving sustainable agriculture. The authors first track the evolution of agriculture from its inception to the digital age, then discuss efficiency indicators in agriculture and the need to overcome inefficiency in agricultural production. Discussion then moves to the contrast between Precision Agriculture and Digital Agriculture, and the ways in which they can tackle inefficiency. The authors then analyze material and energy flows in agriculture and consider how Digital Agriculture could advance the sustainability agenda.
Developing decision support systems for irrigation/water management on farms
Authors:   University of Florida, USA, Zazueta Fedro S.
Published: April 2024

This chapter reviews basic considerations in the development of tools to assist a decision-maker in making informed decisions and improve decision outcomes. This chapter reviews software engineering guidelines that facilitate the development of easily maintainable software tools. Water in the farm and the basic principles involving transfer of water in the farm are reviewed with a special focus on irrigation scheduling. Examples of successful decision aids since the appearance of the personal computer are presented that illustrate the evolution of decision support systems and its close association to information technology developments. Potential outcomes of fourth industrial revolution technologies are briefly discussed, including the beginning of a complex system approach to decision-making aids.
Students' Barriers and Emotional Presence in Online Learning: A Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Demir Kaymak Zeliha
Published: April 2024

Addressing the barriers students face in online learning is critical to creating an inclusive, supportive, and practical educational experience that benefits many students. The aim of this study is to examine students' online learning barriers and emotional presence, which affect many variables in online learning environments, and the relationship between these variables. For this purpose, data was collected from 402 university students enrolled in the same course at a university. According to the data collected from the students, it can be said that the student's barriers to online learning are at a medium level for eight sub-factors ((a) administrative issues, (b) social interaction, (c) academic skills, (d) technical skills, (e) learner motivation, (f) time and support for studies, (g) cost and access to the Internet, and (h) technical problems). Similarly, it was found that students' emotional presence in online learning is at an average level for Receiving Emotions (x̄=3,438) and Giving Emotions (x̄=2,994) factors. Canonical correlation analysis was used to show the relationship between student barriers and emotional presence. As a result of this analysis, it was concluded that the canonical correlation was low. It was observed that the factor that contributed the most to the significant model among student barriers was the factor of administrative/instructor issues, and the factor of receiving emotions factor was one of the emotional presence factors.
Outcomes of Resection Anastomosis versus Hartmann’s Procedure in Sigmoid Volvulus
Authors: Ceylan Cengiz , Kocaaslan Hüseyin , Baran Necip Tolga , Sağlam Kutay , Angın Yavuz , Aydın Cemalettin
Published: April 2024

AIM: This study seeks to ascertain the comparative efficacy between the Hartmann procedure (HP) and resection anastomosis (RA), with or without concurrent fecal diversion, as surgical interventions for Sigmoid Volvulus (SV). The primary objective is to discern the procedure associated with a more favorable clinical outcome.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study cohort comprised individuals who underwent surgical intervention for SV within the timeframe of 2010 to 2022 at our clinical facility. Demographic particulars encompassing gender and age, as well as comorbid conditions, ASA scores, procedural modalities, postoperative untoward events, and duration of inpatient care, were sourced from the patient database. Evaluation of postoperative complications, occurring within the 30-day window post-surgery, was undertaken in conformity with the Clavien Dindo (CD) classification schema. Statistical analyses encompassing the Mann Whitney U test and chi-square test were applied for data interpretation. Variables with p-values below 0.05 were deemed to possess statistical significance.
RESULTS: The study encompassed a total of 125 patients, of whom 99 (79.2%) were male. Among these, 51 (40.8%) patients were allocated to the HP group, while 74 (59.2%) were assigned to the RA group. Concerning hospitalization duration, the median period was 8 (2-30) days in the HP group and 10 (3-35) days in the RA group (p=0.013). In accordance with the CD Classification, 68 (54.4%) patients encountered complications linked to the surgical procedure, with 11 (8.8%) patients experiencing procedure-associated mortality. Despite the observed statistically significant inter-group variance, it was discerned that HP exhibited a superior performance in terms of complications when compared to RA (p=0.048).
CONCLUSION: Significantly reduced durations of hospitalization and fewer occurrences of postoperative complications were observed within the cohort undergoing the Hartmann's procedure. As a result, we advocate that clinicians consider prioritizing the implementation of Hartmann's procedure for patients undergoing surgical intervention for SV.
ESKİ MISIRDA ARTERİOSKLEROZ
Authors: Katırcıoğlu Salih Fehmi
Published: April 2024

Aim; This study was planned to investigate the formation of arteriosclerosis in ancient times.

Materials and Methods; The HORUS study, which investigated the vascular structures of mummified people in the ancient Egyptian civilization, was taken as a basis and the results of this study were evaluated with fractional tomography. These results, evaluated with virtual angiography, were evaluated non-parametrically with clinical observations.

Results; Various degrees of atherosclerosis were observed in all vascular structures of the examined mummies. Significant mitral annular calcification was detected in one case.

Conclusion; In the light of these studies, it was concluded that arthriosclerosis is a disease of all periods.
Lupus Nefriti ile Karışan Visseral Leishmaniasis Olgusu
Authors: Karacaer Zehra , Kapıcı Ayberk Melih , Yılmaz Gülden , Bulut Cemal , Bulut Mesudiye , Zengin Haydar , Tekgöz Emre
Published: April 2024

Leismania enfekte kum sinekleri ile memelilere aktarılan hücre içi bir parazittir. Kutanöz, visseral ve mukokutanöz leishmaniasis olmak üzere üç klinik formu bulunmaktadır. Tanısal beş temel özelliği ateş, kilo kaybı, hepatosplenomegali, pansitopeni ve hipergammaglobulinemidir. Bu bulgularla otoimmun veya hematolojik hastalıklar ile karışabilmektedir. Burada endemik olmayan bir bölgede tanı konulan lupus nefriti ile karışan bir visseral leishmaniasis (VL) olgusu sunulmuştur. Kırkdokuz yaşında erkek hasta ateş, kilo kaybı, hepatosplenomegali, pansitopeni nedeniyle bölge hastanesinde bir süre takip edilmiştir. Daha sonra hematolojik malignite ve vaskülit öntanıları ile hastanemize sevk edilmiştir. Hastada malignite bulgusu saptanmamıştır. Akut böbrek yetmezliği gelişen hastada sistemik lupus eritematozis böbrek ve hematolojik tutulumu düşünülmüştür. Böbrek histopatolojisi fokal proliferatif nekrotizan glomerülonefrit olarak sonuçlanmıştır. Leishmania spp. PCR ve Lesihmania spp IgG pozitif saptanmıştır. Visseral leishmaniasis tanısı ile yedi doz lipozomal amfoterisin B (L-AMB) 3 mg/kg/gün uygulanmıştır. Hastanın klinik ve laboratuvar bulguları düzelmiş, relaps gelişmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, hekimlerin farkındalığının artması ile VL’de erken tanıya ulaşılabilir. Hastalar gereksiz medikal ya da cerrahi tedaviden korunarak, komplikasyonsuz olarak iyileşebilir.
How do economic growth, trade openness, and non-renewable and renewable energy affect environmental quality in VISTA Countries?
Authors: Bayar İlyas , Dabakoglu Mehmet
Published: April 2024

Purpose ─ This study examines the effects of economic growth, the use of renewable and non-renewable energy sources, and trade openness on carbon emissions in VISTA countries (Vietnam, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkiye, and Argentina)Method ─ In this work, empirical methods include the second-generation unit root and cointegration tests, as well as Panel AMG and Panel CCE estimators.Findings ─ The following are the key findings. First, the variables demonstrate a long-run relationship. Second, economic growth and the consumption of non-renewable energy sources contribute to an increase in carbon emissions over time, whereas the consumption of renewable energy sources lowers carbon emissions over time. Implication ─ To promote sustainable growth in VISTA countries, it is recommended to increase investments in renewable energy sources while enhanching public sector supports for the private sector.Originality ─ This is the first study to examine how economic growth, trade openness, and renewable and non-renewable energy sources affect carbon emissions in VISTA nations.
Resolving the Collatz Conjecture: A Rigorous Proof through Inverse Discrete Dynamical Systems and Algebraic Inverse Trees
Authors: Diedrich Eduardo
Published: April 2024

This article introduces the Theory of Inverse Discrete Dynamical Systems (TIDDS), a novel methodology for modeling and analyzing discrete dynamical systems via inverse algebraic models. Key concepts such as inverse modeling, structural analysis of inverse algebraic trees, and the establishment of topological equivalences for property transfer between a system and its inverse are elucidated. Central theorems on homeomorphic invariance and topological transport validate the transfer of cardinal attributes between dynamic representations, offering a fresh perspective on complex system analysis. A significant application presented is an alternative proof of the Collatz Conjecture, achieved by constructing an associated inverse model and leveraging analytical property transfers within the inverted tree structure. This work not only demonstrates the theory's capability to address and solve open problems in discrete dynamics but also suggests vast implications for expanding our understanding of such systems
Non-Negative Decomposition of Multivariate Information: from Minimum to Blackwell Specific Information
Authors: Mages Tobias , Anastasiadi Elli , Rohner Christian
Published: April 2024

Partial Information Decompositions (PIDs) aim to categorize how a set of source variables provide information about a target variable redundantly, uniquely, or synergetically. The original proposal for such an analysis used a lattice-based approach and gained significant attention. However, finding a suitable underlying decomposition measure is still an open research question, even at an arbitrary number of discrete random variables. This work proposes a solution to this case with a non-negative PID that satisfies an inclusion-exclusion relation for any f-information measure. The decomposition is constructed from a pointwise perspective of the target variable to take advantage of the equivalence between the Blackwell and zonogon order in this setting. The zonogons correspond to the Neyman-Pearson region for an indicator variable of one target state and f-information is the expected value of quantifying its boundary. We prove that the decomposition satisfies the axioms of the original decomposition framework and guarantees non-negative partial information results. We highlight that our decomposition behaves differently depending on the used information measure, which can be utilized for different applications. We additionally show how our proposal can be used to obtain a non-negative decomposition of Rényi-information at a transformed inclusion-exclusion relation, and for tracing partial information flows through Markov chains.
Numerical Approach on Collatz Conjecture
Authors: Lee Youngik
Published: April 2024

We can analyze the properties of the Collatz Conjecture by using Terras’ Theorem, and computational graphical calculations. To do this, we introduce the concept of “tree" which shows the relationship between the input and output positive integers of the Collatz process. This approach offers a novel way for determining the non-existence of loops and diverge trees through computer simulations.
RB-GAT: A Text Classification Model Based on RoBERTa-BiGRU with Graph ATtention Network
Authors: Lv Shaoqing , Dong Jungang , Wang Chichi , Wang Xuanhong , Bao Zhiqiang
Published: April 2024

With the development of deep learning, several Graph Neural Networks (GNN)-based approaches have been utilized for text classification. However, GNNs encounter challenges in capturing contextual text information within a document sequence. To address this, a novel text classification model RB-GAT is proposed by combining RoBERTa-BiGRU embedding and a multi-head Graph ATtention Network (GAT). First, the pre-trained RoBERTa model is exploited to learn word and text embeddings in different contexts. Second, the Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) is employed to capture long-term dependencies and bidirectional sentence information from the text context. Next, the multi-head graph attention network is applied to analyze this information, which serves as a node feature for the document. Finally, the classification results are generated through a Softmax layer. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method can achieve an accuracy of 71.48%, 98.45%, and 80.32% on Ohsumed, R8, and MR, which is superior to the existing nine text classification approaches.
An Efficient Transformer-CNN Network for Document Image Binarization
Authors: Zhang Lina , Wang Kaiyuan , Wan Yi
Published: April 2024

Color image binarization plays a pivotal role in image preprocessing work, significantly impacting subsequent tasks, particularly in text recognition. This paper concentrates on Document Image Binarization (DIB), aiming to separate a image into foreground (text) and background (non-text content). Through a thorough analysis of conventional and deep learning-based approaches, we conclude that prevailing DIB methods leverage deep learning technology. Furthermore, we explore the receptive fields pre- and post-network training to underscore the Transformer model's advantages. Subsequently, we introduce a lightweight model based on the U-Net structure, enhanced with the Mobile ViT module to better capture global information features in document images. Given its adeptness at learning both local and global features, our proposed model exhibits superior performance on two standard datasets (DIBCO2012 and DIBCO2017) compared to state-of-the-art methods. Notably, our proposed DIB method presents a straightforward end-to-end model devoid of additional image preprocessing or post-processing. Moreover, its parameter count is less than a quarter of the HIP'23 model, which achives best results on three datasets(DIBCO2012, DIBCO2017 and DIBCO2018). Finally, two sets of ablation experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed binarization model.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among HIV-1 Patients From Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Almeida Pedro , Rafael Carlos , Pimentel Victor , Abecasis Ana , Sebastião Cruz , Morais Joana
Published: April 2024

Two decades after the antiretroviral therapy (ART) introduction, several challenges still prevail in maintaining people living with HIV (PLHIV), even with "Test and Treat" and/or "Rapid Start of ART" initiatives, as well as the scale-up of ART worldwide to promote access and adherence to treatment. This review examined articles on ART adherence in Africa between 2016 and 2023, published in English and indexed in PubMed. A total of 16 articles out of 2415 were eligible and included for analyses. Overall, ART adherence rates in SSA regions ranged from 43% to 84%. Rates in the centre of the SSA region ranged from 58% to 80%, in the north from 50% to 83%, in the south from 77% to 84%, in the west from 43% to 60% and in the east from 69% to 73%. Most African countries use the self-report to assess treatment adherence, although unreliable. The main factors with negative influence on ART adherence were comorbidities, lack of motivation, socioeconomic difficulties or side effects. Conclusion: Adherence to ART is a good indicator for controlling the spread of HIV. It is important to overcome the barriers that make it difficult to comply with ART and reinforce the factors that facilitate the accession of medication.
Triple Negative Breast Cancer Subclassified by Immunohistochemistry: Correlation with Clinical and Pathological Outcomes in Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Paula Bruno de , Crocamo Susanne , Sousa Carlos , Fernandes Priscila Valverde , Rezende Fabiana , Abdelhay Eliana
Published: April 2024

Intrinsic subtype of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is based on genomic evaluation. In this study, we report the survival and pathological complete response (pCR) rates of TNBC patients subtyped by IHC and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). A retrospective cohort of 187 TNBC patients who received NACT between 2008 and 2017 was used, and IHC subtyping was performed on biopsy specimens before chemotherapy. The subtyping revealed predominant basal-like tumors (IHC-BL, 61%), followed by basal-like immune-suppressed (IHC-BLIS, 31%), mesenchymal tumors (12.5%), luminal androgen receptor tumors (IHC-LAR, 12%) and basal-like immune-activated (IHC-BLIA, 10.9%). The pathological complete response (pCR) rate varied among subtypes, with IHC-BLIA showing the highest (30.0%) and IHC-LAR showing the lowest (4.5%). IHC-BLIS led in recurrence sites. Overall and disease-free survival analyses did not show significant differences among subtypes. Although, IHC-BLIA demonstrated a trend toward better survival and IHC-mesenchymal worse. Patients who achieved pCR exhibited significantly better disease-free survival and overall survival than non-responders. This study underscores the potential of IHC-based subtyping in TNBC management, highlighting distinct response patterns to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and potential implications for treatment strategies. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore tailored therapeutic approaches for specific TNBC subtypes.
Hierarchical Porosity and Surface Oxygenation of Carbon-Based Cathodes Enhances Discharge Capacity and Decreases Discharge Overpotential of Potassium-Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Singh Shikha , Küpper Jannis , Abouserie Ahed , Dalfollo Gianluca , Noyong Michael , Simon Ulrich
Published: April 2024

Potassium-oxygen batteries (KOBs) are a promising energy storage technology with high theoretical en-ergy density, low overpotential and long cycle life. Cathode microstructure plays a significant role in the electrochemical performance of KOB. In this article, hierarchical porosity was introduced to commer-cially available carbon paper cathodes by the thermal pretreatment in air at different pretreatment times. This pretreatment modifies the properties, such as, surface area, defects, oxygen functional groups etc. and it has been found to enhance the discharge capacity and it result in reduction of dis-charge overpotentials.
Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Di Sarno Lorenzo , Caroselli Anya , Tonin Giovanna , Graglia Benedetta , Pansini Valeria , Causio Francesco Andrea , Gatto Antonio , Chiaretti Antonio
Published: April 2024

The dawn of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare stands as a milestone in medical innovation. A plethora of different medical fields are heavily involved and pediatric emergency medicine is no exception. These new tools do not merely provide more advanced and efficient systems for patients’ diagnosis, management and treatment. They rather concern a strict shift from traditional methods based upon broad categories towards a more personalized healthcare. AI offers many promises in pediatric emergency medicine with a wide range of applications involving clinical decision making, patients’ flows management and prioritization. Main barriers to a widespread diffusion involve technological challenges but also ethical issues and the paucity of extensive datasets in pediatric contexts. We conducted a narrative review structured in two parts. The first part explores the theoretical principles of AI, providing all the necessary background to feel confident with these new state-of-the-art tools. The second part presents an informative analysis of AI models in pediatric emergencies, pointing out the actual applications and challenges until future feasible research perspectives.
Fractional Boundary Element Solution for Nonlinear Nonlocal Thermoelastic Problems of Anisotropic Fibrous Polymer Nanomaterials
Authors: Fahmy Mohamed Abdelsabour , Toujani Moncef
Published: April 2024

Nonlocal theories are gaining prominence because they can solve problems which lead to unphysical conclusions in standard models. This study presents a novel fractional boundary element method (BEM) solution for nonlinear nonlocal thermoelastic problems of anisotropic fibrous polymer nanomaterials. This broad BEM solution combines two solutions: anisotropic fibrous polymer nanomaterials problem solution and nonlinear nonlocal thermoelasticity problem solution. The nonlinear nonlocal thermoelasticity problem solution divides the displacement field into complementary component and particular component. The overall displacement is generated using the boundary element technique, which is the solution to a Navier type problem, while the particular displacement is derived using local radial point. The New Modified Shift-Splitting (NMSS) approach, which reduces memory and processing time requirements, was used to solve linear systems created by BEM. Figures demonstrate the numerical findings, which show the effects of fractional and graded parameters on the thermal stresses of nonlinear nonlocal thermoelastic problems of anisotropic fibrous polymer nanomaterials. The numerical results indicate the consistency and efficiency of the proposed methodology.
Predicting Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Duve Khrystyna , Petakh Pavlo , Oksenych Valentyn , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative condition caused by repeated traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) leading to cognitive, behavioral, and motor dysfunctions. This study examined the relationship between cognitive impairment and clinical syndromes among 145 CTE patients aged 18 to 75 years who underwent inpatient treatment at the Ternopil Regional Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital between 2021 and 2022. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), with results classified into four categories: normal, mild impairment, moderate impairment, and dementia. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between cognitive impairment and specific neuroimaging changes, including ventricular dilatation. Clinical syndromes, such as cognitive disorder syndrome, also showed significant associations with cognitive impairment (p < 0.001). Using logistic regression, we developed a predictive model to estimate the probability of cognitive impairment based on various clinical features, including memory loss, attention deficits, and sleep disturbances. The model demonstrated high accuracy, with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showing a sensitivity of 91.0% and a specificity of 92.5%, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.964 (95% CI: 0.934 - 0.994). These findings suggest that specific neuroimaging and clinical features can predict cognitive impairment in CTE patients.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Ti/Mg Laminated Composites Using a Differential Temperature Rolling Process under a Protective Atmosphere
Authors: Qi Zichen , Jia Zhengchi , Wen Xiaoqing , Xiao Hong , Liu Xiao , Gu Dawei , Chen Bo , Jiang Xujian
Published: April 2024

Addressing the issue of low bonding strength in Ti/Mg laminated composites due to interfacial oxidation, this study employs a differential temperature rolling method using longitudinal induction heating to fabricate Ti/Mg composite plates. The entire process is conducted under an argon gas protective atmosphere, which prevents interfacial oxidation while achieving uniform deformation. The effects of reduction on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the composite plates are thoroughly investigated. Results indicate that as the reduction increases, the bonding strength gradually increases, mainly attributed to the increased mechanical interlocking area and a broader element diffusion layer. This corresponds to a transition from brittle to ductile fracture at the microscopic tensile-shear fracture surface. When the reduction reaches 47.5%, the Ti/Mg interfacial strength reaches 63 MPa, which is approximately a 20% improvement compared to the bonded strength with previous oxidation at the interface. Notably, at a low reduction of 17.5%, the bonding strength is significantly enhanced by about 1 time. Additionally, it is found that a strong bonded interface at high reduction is beneficial in hindering the propagation of interfacial cracks during tensile testing, enhancing the ability of the Ti/Mg composite plates to resist interfacial delamination.