bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of Depression among Outpatients with Acute Respiratory Infection in Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Umeh Gregory C. , Cleenwerck de Kiev Laurent , Mamza Jabani , Atiku Aliyu , Mohammed Suleiman , Hananiya Dauda S. , Onoh Moses , Yahaya Habibu B. , Adeoti Basirat , Musa Rabiat T. , Adegbite Mutiu , Audu Sunday , Daikwo Jeremiah , Iliyasu Neyu , Baloni Amina Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Background

The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has redefined global health and response to Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). The outbreak of a cluster of influenza-like illnesses in Wuhan, China, has morphed into a pandemic in the last quarter of 2019, stretching from South East Asia to Europe, The Americas, Africa, and the Australian subcontinent.

Materials and Methods

We shall utilize a cross-sectional, observational design to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of depression among outpatients with ARI and describe the characteristics of outpatients with ARI in Kaduna State.

Results

The prevalence of symptoms of depression was 19.6% for respondents with symptoms of ARI, and 14.4%, for those without symptoms of ARI. On no risk of depression, we had a higher proportion of the respondents without symptoms of ARI (86%) than those with symptoms of depression (80%) (M=318.4, SD=29.62 case, and M=344.0, SD=14.2 control, r=0.88, CI=13.5 to 6.5, P=0.000952). Likewise, in the category with mild risk of depression, respondents without symptoms of ARI were fewer (10%) than those with symptoms of depression (15%) (M=58.4, SD=26.0 case, and M=42.1, SD=12.7 control, r=0.86, CI=11.8 to 5.8, P=0.0136. There was no significant difference between respondents with symptoms of ARI and without symptoms of ARI in the categories of moderate (M=13.6, SD=5.1 case, and M=11.6, SD=4.6 control, r=0.87, CI=2.3 to 2.1, P=0.178) and high (M=5.6, SD=2.5 case, and M=4.4, SD=3.2 control, r=0.61, CI=1.2 to 1.5, P=0.174) risk of depression.

Conclusion

Symptoms of depression were commoner among respondents who presented with symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) at the Outpatient Department (OPD). However, further explanatory research is needed to establish causality.
Technical report: A comprehensive comparison between different quantification versions of Nightingale Health’s1H-NMR metabolomics platform
Authors: Bizzarri D. , Reinders M.J.T. , Beekman M. ,   BBMRI-NL, Slagboom P.E. , van den Akker E.B.
Published: July 2023

1H-NMR metabolomics data is increasingly used to track various aspects of health and disease. With the availability of larger data resources and continuously improving learning algorithms Nightingale Health has recently updated the quantification and calibration strategy of their platform to further align their reported analytes with clinical standards. Such updates, however, might influence backward replicability and could hamper comparison of repeated measures in longitudinal studies. Based on data of the BBMRI.nl consortium (>25.000 samples across 28 studies), we compared Nightingale data, as originally released in 2014 and 2016, with a re-quantified version of this data released in 2020, of which both versions were based on the same original NMR spectra. Apart from 2 discontinued, and 23 newly defined analytes, we overall observe a high concordance between quantification versions, with 73 out of 222 (33%) showing a mean correlation > 0.9 across the 28 Dutch cohorts. Nevertheless, five metabolites consistently showed relatively low correlations (R<0.7) between platform versions, namely acetoacetate(acace),LDL particle size(ldl_d), saturated fatty acids percentage(sfa_fa), S-HDL-C(s_hdl_c)and sphingomyelins (sm). Previously trained multi-analyte scores, such as our previously published health predictorsMetaboAgeorMetaboHealth, might be particularly sensitive to platform changes. Whereas theMetaboHealthscore replicated well between platform versions, theMetaboAgescore indeed had to be retrained due to discontinued metabolites. Notably, both scores projected on the 2020 re-quantified data did recapitulate the original mortality associations observed in the previous version of the data. Concluding, we urge caution when utilizing data from different quantification versions to avoid mixing analytes capturing different underlying aspects of the NMR spectra, having different units, or simply being discontinued.
An indocyanine green-based liquid biopsy test for circulating tumor cells for pediatric liver cancer
Authors: Espinoza Andres F. , Kureti Pavan , Patel Roma H. , Govindu Saiabhiroop R. , Armbruster Bryan W. , Urbicain Martin , Patel Kalyani R. , Lopez-Terrada Dolores , Vasudevan Sanjeev A. , Woodfield Sarah E.
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims

Hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the most common malignant hepatocellular tumors seen in children. The aim of this work was to develop a liquid biopsy test for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for these tumors that would be less invasive and provide information about the real-time state of tumors in response to therapies.

Methods

For this test, we utilized indocyanine green (ICG), a far-red fluorescent dye that is used clinically to identify malignant liver cells in the body during surgery. We assessed ICG accumulation in cell lines with fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. For our CTC test, we developed a panel of liver tumor-specific markers, ICG, Glypican-3 (GPC3), and DAPI and tested this panel with cell lines and non-cancer control blood samples. We then used this panel to analyze whole blood samples for CTC burden with a cohort of 14 HB and HCC patients and correlated with patient characteristics and outcomes.

Results

We showed that ICG accumulation is specific to liver cancer cells, compared to non-malignant liver cells, non-liver solid tumor cells, and non-malignant cells and can be used to identify liver tumor cells in a mixed population of cells. Experiments with the ICG/GPC3/DAPI panel showed that it specifically tagged malignant liver cells. With patient samples, we found that CTC burden from sequential blood samples from the same patients mirrored the patients’ responses to therapy.

Conclusions

Our novel ICG-based liquid biopsy test for CTCs can be used to specifically count CTCs in the blood of pediatric liver cancer patients.

Impact and implications

This manuscript represents the first report of circulating tumor cells in the blood of pediatric liver cancer patients. The novel and innovative assay for CTCs shown in this paper will facilitate future work examining the relationship between CTC numbers and patient outcomes, forming the foundation for incorporation of liquid biopsy into routine clinical care for these patients.

Graphical abstract

Overview of novel liquid biopsy test for circulating tumor cells for pediatric liver cancer. Figure made with Biorender.
ChatGPT sits the DFPH exam: large language model performance and potential to support public health learning
Authors: Davies Nathan P , Wilson Robert , Winder Madeleine S , Tunster Simon J , McVicar Kathryn , Thakrar Shivan T , Williams Joe , Reid Allan
Published: July 2023

Background

Artificial intelligence-based large language models, like ChatGPT, have been rapidly assessed for both risks and potential in health-related assessment and learning. However, their application in public health professional exams have not yet been studied. We evaluated the performance of ChatGPT in part of the Faculty of Public Health’s Diplomat exam (DFPH).

Methods

ChatGPT was provided with a bank of 119 publicly available DFPH question parts from past papers. Its performance was assessed by two active DFPH examiners. The degree of insight and level of understanding apparently displayed by ChatGPT was also assessed.

Results

ChatGPT passed 3 of 4 papers, surpassing the current pass rate. It performed best on questions relating to research methods. Its answers had a high floor. Examiners identified ChatGPT answers with 73.6% accuracy and human answers with 28.6% accuracy. ChatGPT provided a mean of 3.6 unique insights per question and appeared to demonstrate a required level of learning on 71.4% of occasions.

Conclusions

Large language models have rapidly increasing potential as a learning tool in public health education. However, their factual fallibility and the difficulty of distinguishing their responses from that of humans pose potential threats to teaching and learning.
Post-birth exposure contrasts for children during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pillarisetti Ajay , Ye Wenlu , Balakrishnan Kalpana , Rosa Ghislaine , Díaz-Artiga Anaité , Underhill Lindsay J. , Steenland Kyle , Peel Jennifer L. , Kirby Miles A. , McCracken John , Waller Lance , Chang Howard , Wang Jiantong , Dusabimana Ephrem , Ndagijimana Florien , Sambandam Sankar , Mukhopadhyay Krishnendu , Kearns Katherine A. , Campbell Devan , Kremer Jacob , Rosenthal Joshua , Ghosh Ahana , Clark Maggie , Checkley William , Clasen Thomas , Naeher Luke , Piedrahita Ricardo , Johnson Michael
Published: July 2023

Exposure to household air pollution is a leading cause of ill-health globally. The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of a free liquefied petroleum gas stove and fuel intervention on birth outcomes and maternal and child health. As part of HAPIN, an extensive exposure assessment was conducted. Here, we report on PM2.5and CO exposures of young children (≤ 15 months old) reconstructed using a Bluetooth-beacon based time-activity monitoring system coupled with microenvironmental pollutant monitors. Median (IQR) exposures to PM2.5were 65.1 (33 – 128.2) µg/m3in the control group and 22.9 (17.2 – 35.3) µg/m3 in the intervention group; for CO, median (IQR) exposures were 1.1 (0.3 – 2.9) ppm and 0.2 (0 – 0.7) ppm for control and intervention group, respectively. Exposure reductions were stable over time and consistent with previous findings for the children’s mothers. In the intervention group, 75% of children’s reconstructed exposures were below the WHO interim target guideline value of 35 µg/m3, while 26% were below the standard in the control group. Our findings suggest that an LPG fuel and stove intervention can substantially reduce children’s exposure to household air pollution.
Online Database of Clinical Algorithms with Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Visweswaran Shyam , Sadhu Eugene M. , Morris Michele M. , Vis Anushka R. , Samayamuthu Malarkodi Jebathilagam
Published: July 2023

Some clinical algorithms incorporate an individual’s race, ethnicity, or both as an input variable or predictor in determining diagnoses, prognoses, treatment plans, or risk assessments. Inappropriate use of race and ethnicity in clinical algorithms at the point of care may exacerbate health disparities and promote harmful practices of race-based medicine. We identified 42 risk calculators that use race as a predictor, five laboratory test results with different reference ranges recommended for different races, one therapy recommendation based on race, 15 medications with guidelines for initiation and monitoring based on race, and four medical devices with differential racial performance. Information on these clinical algorithms are freely available athttp://www.clinical-algorithms-with-race-and-ethnicity.org. This resource aims to raise awareness about the use of race in clinical algorithms and to track the progress made toward eliminating its inappropriate use. The database will be actively updated to include clinical algorithms based on race that were missed, along with additional characteristics of these algorithms.
Functional variations in gamma-secretase activity are critical determinants of the clinical, biomarker, and cognitive progression of autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Schultz Stephanie A. , Liu Lei , Schultz Aaron P. , Fitzpatrick Colleen D. , Levin Raina , Bellier Jean-Pierre , Shirzadi Zahra , Joseph-Mathurin Nelly , Chen Charles D. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Day Gregory S. , Farlow Martin R. , Gordon Brian A. , Hassenstab Jason J. , Jack Clifford R. , Jucker Mathias , Karch Celeste M. , Lee Jae-Hong , Levin Johannes , Perrin Richard J. , Schofield Peter R , Xiong Chengjie , Johnson Keith A. , McDade Eric , Bateman Randall J. , Sperling Reisa A. , Selkoe Dennis J. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Investigators
Published: July 2023

Background

The balance between production, clearance, and toxicity of Aβ peptides is central to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathobiology. Though highly variable in terms of age at symptom onset (AAO), hundreds of variants inPSEN1cause autosomal dominant forms of AD (ADAD) with nearly complete penetrance. PSEN1 forms the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex and thereby directly mediates the production of longer, aggregation-prone Aβ peptides relative to shorter, non-aggregating peptides. We hypothesized that the broad AAO and biomarker heterogeneity seen across ADAD would be predictable based on mutation-specific differences in the production of Aβ species.

Methods

Aβ-37, 38, 40, 42, and 43 production was quantified from 161 uniquePSEN1variants expressed in HEK293 cells. Prediction of AAO was carried out in 106 variants with available AAO and then replicated in 55 variants represented across 190 PSEN1 mutation carriers who have detailed cognitive and biomarker data from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network (DIAN).

Results

Variations in Aβ production across the 161 mutations examined in cell-based models were highly predictive of AAO. In those with correspondingin vivodata from the DIAN study, our cell-based γ-secretase composite was strongly associated with biomarker and cognitive trajectories.

Conclusions

These findings elucidate the critical link between γ-secretase function, Aβ production, and AD progression and offer mechanistic support for the amyloid hypothesis. The approach used here represents a powerful tool to account for heterogeneity in disease progression in ADAD clinical trials and to assess the pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance or with limited family history.
ODAMNet: a Python package to identify molecular relationships between chemicals and rare diseases using overlap, active module and random walk approaches
Authors: Térézol Morgane , Baudot Anaïs , Ozisik Ozan
Published: July 2023

Environmental factors are external conditions that can affect the health of living organisms. For a number of rare genetic diseases, an interplay between genetic and environmental factors is known or suspected. However, the studies are limited by the scarcity of patients and the difficulties in gathering reliable exposure information.

In order to aid in fostering research between environmental factors and rare diseases, we propose ODAMNet, a Python package to investigate the possible relationships between chemicals, which are a subset of environmental factors, and rare diseases. ODAMNet offers three different and complementary bioinformatics approaches for the exploration of relationships: overlap analysis, active module identification and random walk with restart. ODAMNet allows systematic analysis of chemical - rare disease relationships and generation of hypotheses for further investigation of effect mechanisms.

Metadata
DeepCristae, a CNN for the restoration of mitochondria cristae in live microscopy images
Authors: Papereux Salomé , Leconte Ludovic , Valades-Cruz Cesar Augusto , Liu Tianyan , Dumont Julien , Chen Zhixing , Salamero Jean , Kervrann Charles , Badoual Anaïs
Published: July 2023

Mitochondria play an essential role in the life cycle of eukaryotic cells. However, we still don’t know how their ultrastructure, like the cristae of the inner membrane, dynamically evolves to regulate these fundamental functions, in response to external conditions or during interaction with other cell components. Although high-resolution fluorescent microscopy coupled with recently developed innovative probes can reveal this structural organization, their long-term, fast and live 3D imaging remains challenging. To address this problem, we have developed a convolutional neural network, called DeepCristae, to restore mitochondria cristae in low spatial resolution microscopy images. Our network is trained from 2D STED images using a novel loss specifically designed for cristae restoration. To efficiently increase the size of the training set, we also developed a random image patch sampling centered on mitochondrial areas. To evaluate DeepCristae, quantitative assessments were carried out using metrics we derived by focusing on the mitochondria and cristae pixels rather than on the whole image as usual. Depending on the conditions of use indicated, DeepCristae works well on broad microscopy modalities (Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED), Live-SR, AiryScan and Lattice Light Sheet Microscopy). It is ultimately applied in the context of mitochondrial network dynamics during interaction with endo/lysosome membranes.
Conversational production and comprehension: fMRI-evidence reminiscent of the classic Broca-Wernicke model
Authors: Arvidsson Caroline , Torubarova Ekaterina , Pereira André , Uddén Julia
Published: July 2023

A key question in neurolinguistics is whether language production and comprehension share neural infrastructure, but this question has not been addressed in the context of actual conversation. We utilized a public fMRI dataset where participants (N=24) engaged in unscripted conversations with a confederate outside the scanner via an audio-video link. We provide evidence indicating that production and comprehension, in a conversational setting, diverge with respect to how they modulate the recruitment of regions in the left-lateralized perisylvian language network. Activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus was stronger in production than in comprehension. Compared to production, comprehension showed stronger recruitment of the left anterior middle temporal gyrus and superior temporal sulcus, but this was not the case for the posterior aspect of these loci. Although our results are reminiscent of the classic Broca-Wernicke model, the anterior temporal activation is a notable difference from that model. This is one of the findings which may be a consequence of the conversational setting, another being that conversational production activated what we interpret as higher-level socio-pragmatic processes. In conclusion, we present evidence supporting that the above-mentioned frontal vs temporal regions in the language network are functionally segregated during conversation.
SDF-1 Bound Heparin Nanoparticles Recruit Progenitor Cells for Their Differentiation and Promotion of Angiogenesis After Stroke
Authors: Wilson Katrina L. , Onweller Lauren A. , Joseph Neica I. , David-Bercholz Jennifer , Darling Nicole J. , Segura Tatiana
Published: July 2023

Angiogenesis after stroke is correlated with enhanced tissue repair and functional outcomes. The existing body of research in biomaterials for stroke focuses on hydrogels for the delivery of stem cells, growth factors, or small molecules or drugs. Despite the ability of hydrogels to enhance all these delivery methods, no material has significantly regrown vasculature within the translatable timeline of days to weeks after stroke. Here we developed 2 novel biomaterials for tissue regeneration after stroke, a highly porous granular hydrogel termed Cryo microgels, and heparin-norbornene nanoparticles with covalently bound SDF-1α. The combination of these materials resulted in fully revascularized vessels throughout the stroke core in only 10 days, as well as increased neural progenitor cell migration and maintenance and increased neurons.
Cross-species analysis of ARPP19 phosphorylation during oocyte meiotic maturation charts the emergence of a new cAMP-dependent role in vertebrates
Authors: Meneau Ferdinand , Lapébie Pascal , Daldello Enrico Maria , Le Tran , Chevalier Sandra , Houliston Evelyn , Jessus Catherine , Miot Marika
Published: July 2023

In many animal species, elevated cAMP-PKA signaling initiates oocyte meiotic maturation upon hormonal stimulation, whereas in vertebrates, it acts as a negative regulator of this process. To address this “cAMP paradox”, we have focused on ARPP19 proteins. Dephosphorylation ofXenopusARPP19 on a specific PKA site has been identified as a key step in initiating oocyte maturation. We first tracked evolution of the ARPP19 PKA phosphorylation site, revealing that it appeared early during the emergence of metazoans. This contrasts with strong conservation across eukaryotes of a phosphorylation site for the kinase Gwl in ARPP19 proteins, able to transform them into potent PP2A-B55 inhibitors and thus promote M-phase entry. We then compared the phosphorylation and function ofXenopusARPP19 with its orthologue from the jellyfishClytia, a model species showing cAMP-induced oocyte maturation. We confirmed thatClytiaARPP19 is phosphorylated on the conserved Gwl sitein vitroas well as in maturingXenopusandClytiaoocytes, behaving as a PP2A inhibitor and contributing to Cdk1 activation. However, Gwl-phosphorylated ARPP19 was unable to initiate oocyte maturation inClytia, suggesting the presence of additional locks released by hormonal stimulation.ClytiaARPP19 wasin vitrophosphorylated by PKA uniquely on the predicted site, but it was a much poorer substrate of PKA and of its antagonizing phosphatase, PP2A-B55δ, than theXenopusprotein. Correspondingly, PKA-phosphomimeticClytiaARPP19 had a much weaker inhibitory activity on meiosis resumption inXenopusoocytes than itsXenopuscounterpart. Hence, poor recognition ofClytiaARPP19 by PKA and the absence of its targets inClytiaoocytes account for the cAMP paradox. This cross-species study of ARPP19 illustrates how initiation of oocyte maturation has complexified during animal evolution, and provides further insight into its biochemical regulation.
In vitroreconstitution of theM.tbproteasome core particle reveals conserved aspects of bacterial proteasome assembly
Authors: Kante Anupama , Roelofs Jeroen , Deeds Eric J.
Published: July 2023

According to the WHO, one in three people in the world has a latent tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteriumMycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb).The development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis indicates a need for novel treatments. Hence, it is important to find a second line of treatment for patients infected with MDR tuberculosis. The proteasome is known to be necessary for survival under stress and pathogenicity inM.tb. However, our ability to use the proteasome as drug target has been limited by our abilities to screen for inhibitor compoundsin vitro.The proteasome is a protease complex that degrades proteins and is crucial for the maintenance of protein homeostasis within cells. Like many protein complexes, the proteasome must assemble into a specific quaternary structure in order to be active. Specifically, the proteolytically-active proteasome Core Particle (CP) consists of 28 subunits (14 α and 14 β) that must assemble into a barrel-like structure in order to become catalytically active. Hence, understanding the assembly process in not only important from a basic cell biological perspective, but may also serve as the basis for the discovery of novel assembly inhibitors. In this study, we have established for the first time a protocol to express and purify theM.tbα and β subunits separatelyin vitro.The subunits are soluble monomers on purification and only assemble into active CPs upon reconstitution. Our assembly experiments revealed thatM.tbCP assembly pathway is almost certainly identical to that seen in previous experiments on the CP from the bacteriumRhodococcus erythropolis(R.e), but assembly inM.tbis much slower. Interestingly, we found that subunits fromM.tbandR.espontaneously self-assembled into active hybrid proteasomes on reconstitution with each other, despite having only 65% sequence similarity. Our work thus strongly suggests that the CP assembly pathway is conserved across bacteria, and the ability to performin vitroassembly experiments on theM.tbproteasome opens up the possibility of performing critical experiments, including screening for potential molecules that could inhibit assembly, directly in this clinically-relevant organism.
pUdOs: concise plasmids for bacterial and mammalian cells
Authors: Manigat France Ourida , Connell Louise B. , Stewart Brittany N. , LePabic Abdel-Rahman , Tessier Christian J.G. , Emlaw Johnathon R. , Calvert Nicholas D. , Rössl Anthony , Shuhendler Adam J. , daCosta Corrie J.B. , Campbell-Valois François-Xavier
Published: July 2023

The pUdOs are 28 plasmids of small size combining four different origins of replication and seven selection markers, which together afford flexible use inEscherichia coliand several related gram- negative bacteria. The promoterless multicloning site is insulated from upstream spurious promoters by strong transcription terminators, and contains type IIP or IIS restriction sites for conventional or Golden-gate cloning. pUdOs can be converted into efficient expression vectors through the insertion of a promoter at the user’s discretion. For example, we demonstrate the utility of pUdOs as the backbone for an improved version of a Type III Secretion System reporter inShigella. In addition, we derive a series of pUdO-based mammalian expression vectors affording distinct levels of expression and transfection efficiencies comparable to commonly used mammalian expression plasmids. Thus, pUdOs could advantageously replace traditional plasmids in a wide variety of cell types and applications.
Defense-related callose synthasePMR4promotes root hair callose deposition and adaptation to phosphate deficiency inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Okada Kentaro , Yachi Koei , Nhi Nguyen Tan Anh , Kanno Satomi , Yasuda Shigetaka , Tadai Haruna , Tateda Chika , Lee Tae-Hong , Nguyen Uyen , Inoue Kanako , Tsuchida Natsuki , Ishihara Taiga , Miyashima Shunsuke , Hiruma Kei , Miwa Kyoko , Maekawa Takaki , Notaguchi Michitaka , Saijo Yusuke
Published: July 2023

Plants acquire phosphorus (P) primarily as inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the soil. Under Pi deficiency, plants induce an array of physiological and morphological responses, termed phosphate starvation response (PSR), thereby increasing Pi acquisition and use efficiency. However, the mechanisms by which plants adapt to Pi deficiency remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that deposition of a β-1,3-glucan polymer called callose is induced inArabidopsis thalianaroot hairs under Pi deficiency, in a manner independent of PSR-regulatingPHR1/PHL1transcription factors andLPR1/LPR2ferroxidases. Genetic studies revealedPMR4(GSL5) callose synthase being required for the callose deposition in Pi-depleted root hairs. Loss ofPMR4also reduces Pi acquisition in shoots and plant growth under low Pi conditions. The defects are not recovered by simultaneous disruption ofSID2, mediating defense-associated salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, excluding SA defense activation from the cause of the observedpmr4phenotypes. Grafting experiments and characterization of plants expressingPMR4specifically in root hair cells suggest that a PMR4 pool in the cell type contributes to shoot growth under Pi deficiency. Our findings thus suggest an important role forPMR4in plant adaptation to Pi deficiency.

Significance statement

We reveal that PMR4 callose synthase mediates callose deposition in root hairs under phosphate (Pi) deficiency, without requiring Pi starvation response regulatorsPHR1/PHL1orLPR1/LPR2. The loss of the callose deposition is accompanied by decreases in Pi acquisition and plant growth inpmr4. Root hair cell-specificPMR4expression restores callose deposition in root hairs and shoot growth under Pi deficiency, indicating a critical role for root hair callose in plant adaptation to Pi deficiency.
Giving life to dead: role of WayBack Machine in recovery of dead URLs
Authors: Loan Fayaz Ahmad , Khan Aasif Mohammad , Andrabi Syed Aasif Ahmad , Sozia Sozia Rashid , Parray Umer Yousuf
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of the present study is to identify the active and dead links of uniform resource locators (URLs) associated with web references and to compare the effectiveness of Chrome, Google and WayBack Machine in retrieving the dead URLs.

Design/methodology/approach

The web references of the Library Hi Tech from 2004 to 2008 were selected for analysis to fulfill the set objectives. The URLs were extracted from the articles to verify their accessibility in terms of persistence and decay. The URLs were then executed directly in the internet browser (Chrome), search engine (Google) and Internet Archive (WayBack Machine). The collected data were recorded in an excel file and presented in tables/diagrams for further analysis.

Findings

From the total of 1,083 web references, a maximum number was retrieved by the WayBack Machine (786; 72.6 per cent) followed by Google (501; 46.3 per cent) and the lowest by Chrome (402; 37.1 per cent). The study concludes that the WayBack Machine is more efficient, retrieves a maximum number of missing web citations and fulfills the mission of preservation of web sources to a larger extent.

Originality/value

A good number of studies have been conducted to analyze the persistence and decay of web-references; however, the present study is unique as it compared the dead URL retrieval effectiveness of internet explorer (Chrome), search engine giant (Google) and WayBack Machine of the Internet Archive.

Research limitations/implications

The web references of a single journal, namely, Library Hi Tech, were analyzed for 5 years only. A major study across disciplines and sources may yield better results.

Practical implications

URL decay is becoming a major problem in the preservation and citation of web resources. The study has some healthy recommendations for authors, editors, publishers, librarians and web designers to improve the persistence of web references.
Data-driven identification and analysis of passenger riding paths in megacity metro system
Authors: Xie Lianghui , Zhang Zhenji , Qiu Robin , Gong Daqing
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The paper aims to identify and analyze passengers’ riding paths for providing better operational support for digital transformation in megacity metro systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop a method to leverage certain passengers’ deterministic riding paths to corroborate other passengers’ uncertain paths. Using Automatic Fare Collection data and train schedules, a witness model is built to recover the actual riding paths for passengers whose paths are unknown otherwise. The identification and analysis of passenger riding paths between three different types of origin–destination) pairs reveal the complexity of passenger path choice.

Findings

The results show that passenger path choice modeling is usually characterized by complexity, experience and partial blindness. Some passengers choose paths that are not optimal due to their experience and limited access to overall metro system information. These passengers could be the subject of improved path guidance in light of riding efficiency improved through digital transformation.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the improvement of metro management and operations by leveraging ongoing digital transformation in megacity metro systems. Based on the riding paths and trip chains of a large number of individual passengers identified by the proposed method, metro operation management could prevent risks in areas with concentrated passenger flow in advance, optimally adjust train schedules on a daily basis and deliver real-time riding guidance station by station, which would greatly improve megacity metro systems’ service safety, quality and operational efficacy over time.
How and when temporal leadership facilitates the success of sustainable construction projects
Authors: Siddiquei Ahmad Nabeel , Imam Hassan , Asmi Fahad
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Temporal leadership is a new construct that predicts team outcomes. This study examines the mediating role of shared temporal cognitions and the moderating role of time pressure in the relationship between temporal leadership and project success within sustainable construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach

The multi-source and multi-wave data were collected via self-administered questionnaires from teams working on sustainable construction projects. The direct and mediating hypotheses were tested using multi-level structural equation modelling, while moderated mediation hypotheses were examined by applying the bootstrap method using SPSS Process Macro.

Findings

The results showed that temporal leadership enables project success via shared temporal cognitions. Temporal leadership is most beneficial for facilitating project success via shared temporal cognitions when teams experience high time pressure.

Originality/value

This is the first study examining shared temporal cognitions as a mediator of the relationship between temporal leadership and project success. Also, this is the first study that considered time pressure as a boundary condition that influences the relationships between temporal leadership, shared temporal cognitions and project success within sustainable construction projects. The study provides valuable advice to project managers and project-based construction organizations about using and managing time within projects.
Research on the evaluation of academic journals from a multidimensional fusion measurement perspective
Authors: Zhao Rongying , Zhu Weijie
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the current situation of journals, examine the factors that influence their development, and establish an evaluation index system and model. The objective is to enhance the theory and methodologies used for journal evaluation and provide guidance for their positive development.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses empirical data from economics journals to analyse their evaluation dimensions, methods, index system and evaluation framework. This study then assigns weights to journal data using single and combined evaluations in three dimensions: influence, communication and novelty. It calculates several evaluation metrics, including the explanation rate, information entropy value, difference coefficient and novelty degree. Finally, this study applies the concept of fuzzy mathematics to measure the final results.

Findings

The use of affiliation degree and fuzzy Borda number can synthesize ranking and score differences among evaluation methods. It combines internal objective information and improves model accuracy. The novelty of journal topics positively correlates with both the journal impact factor and social media mentions. In addition, journal communication power indicators compensate for the shortcomings of traditional citation analysis. Finally, the three-dimensional representative evaluation index serves as a reminder to academic journals to avoid the vortex of the Matthew effect.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a journal evaluation model comprising academic influence, communication power and novelty dimensions. It uses fuzzy Borda evaluation to address issues related to the weighing of single evaluation methods. This study also analyses the relationship of the three dimensions and offers insights for journal development in the new media era.
Minimization of exergy destruction with discrete metal foam filling in a pipe under turbulent flow condition
Authors: K Kiran Kumar , Banjara Kotresha , Naik Kishan
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to present the numerical analysis of exergy transfer and irreversibility through the discrete filling of high-porosity aluminum metal foams inside the horizontal pipe.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the heater is embedded on the pipe’s circumference and is assigned with known heat input. To enhance the heat transfer, metal foam of 10 pores per inch with porosity 0.95 is filled into the pipe. In filling, two kinds of arrangements are made, in the first arrangement, the metal foam is filled adjacent to the inner wall of the pipe [Model (1)–(3)], and in the second arrangement, the foam is located at the center of the pipe [Models (4)–(6)]. So, six different models are examined in this research for a fluid velocity ranging from 0.7 to7 m/s under turbulent flow conditions. Darcy Extended Forchheimer is combined with local thermal non-equilibrium models for forecasting the flow and heat transfer features via metal foams.

Findings

The numerical methodology implemented in this study is confirmed by comparing the outcomes with the experimental outcomes accessible in the literature and found a fairly good agreement between them. The application of the second law of thermodynamics via metal foams is the novelty of current investigation. The evaluation of thermodynamic performance includes the parameters such as mean exergy-based Nusselt number (Nue), rate of irreversibility, irreversibility distribution ratio (IDR), merit function (MF) and non-dimensional exergy destruction (I*). In all the phases, Models (1)–(3) exhibit better performance than Models (4)–(6).

Practical implications

The present study helps to enhance the heat transfer performance with the introduction of metal foams and reveals the importance of available energy (exergy) in the system which helps in arriving at optimum design criteria for the thermal system.

Originality/value

The uniqueness of this study is to analyze the impact of discrete metal foam filling on exergy and irreversibility in a pipe under turbulent flow conditions.
Personalized garment pattern generation based on space vector and distance ease
Authors: Zhang Yijie , Ma Ling , Guo Ziyi , Li Tao , Zou Fengyuan
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Considering only two-dimensional (2D) ease allowance cannot fully reflect the three-dimensional (3D) relationship between the position of clothing and the human body. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method with a 3D space vector and corresponding distance ease to characterize fitting garments and then used to construct personalized clothing for similar shape body.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, a 3D scanner was used to obtain mannequin and fitted garment data, and 17 layers of cross-sections of the upper body were extracted. Then, 37 space vectors and corresponding space angles on each cross-section were obtained with the original point. Secondly, the detailed distance ease between the mannequin and garment was constructed due to the difference between garment vectors and body vectors. Thirdly, the distance ease mathematical models were achieved and used to calculate distance ease on a similar shape body. Additionally, the fit garment is constructed, and the garment pattern is altered by the geometric pattern alteration method.

Findings

The results show that 3D space vectors can explain the relationship between body skin and garment surface of the upper body properly. The distance ease is modeled by mathematic expressions and successfully used to make a new garment to fit a similar shape body.

Originality/value

The proposed method of constructing garments based on distance ease and 3D space vectors can create a fitted garment for a similar shape body effectively and accurately. It is useful for the personalized garment design and suitable for the manufacturing process.
Exploring the trait emotional intelligence profiles of medical residents in Oman
Authors: Chan Moon Fai , Al-Huseini Salim , Al-Alawi Mohammed , Al Sinawi Hamed , Al Balushi Naser , Al-Adawi Samir
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Emotional intelligence (EI) can improve patient–doctor relationships, foster empathy, develop teamwork in the workplace, and boost communication skills. This study aims to determine whether a cohort of residents has different profiles to their demographic and EI.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017–2018 (n = 440). The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire was used to measure EI. Cluster analysis was used to identify different profile groups.

Findings

Cluster analysis identified three clusters with different profiles. The residents in cluster A (n = 146, 33.2%) were older, more males, studying in their final year, and perceived lower EI. Cluster B (n = 184, 41.8%) were predominantly young females, more single, studying in year one, and perceived moderate EI. Cluster C (n = 110, 25.0%) were predominantly married females studying their year 1 in surgical and perceived higher EI.

Research limitations/implications

Study limitations include respondent honesty, cross-sectional design, and lack of a comparison site. Including EI education can improve emotional regulation, well-being, and sociability and should be assessed as part of residents' development.

Practical implications

Medical residents differ in emotional profiles, with higher EI improving coping and problem-solving skills. EI training should be integrated into the medical curriculum, particularly given the high-stress levels and unique stressors of hospital practicums.

Originality/value

The study suggested that three groups of residents exist, and they differ in demographic, EI, and subscale levels. This study recommended that residents be taught EI-related concepts to help them develop their EI through training on emotionality, self-control, well-being, and sociability.
Who is more responsive to brand activism? The role of consumer-brand identification and political ideology in consumer responses to activist brand messages
Authors: Haupt Martin , Wannow Stefanie , Marquardt Linda , Graubner Jana Shanice , Haas Alexander
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Through activism, brands participate in the sociopolitical controversies that shape society today. Based on social identity theory, this study aims to examine the moderating effects of consumer–brand identification (CBI) and political ideology in explaining consumer responses to brand activism. Furthermore, the role of perceived marginalization that can arise in the case of consumer–brand disagreement is explored.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypothesized effects were tested in three experiments. Study 1 (n = 262) and Study 2 (n = 322) used a moderation analysis, which was supplemented by a mixed design analysis with repeated measures in Study 1. In Study 3 (n = 383), the mediating effect of perceived marginalization by the brand was tested using a moderated mediation model.

Findings

The results show that strong CBI as well as a conservative ideology buffer the negative effects of consumer–brand disagreement on brand attitude and word-of-mouth intentions. In the case of agreement with a brand’s stance, no direct or interactive effects of brand activism on consumer responses occur. Perceived marginalization by a brand mediates the effects of brand activism.

Originality/value

This study extends the “love is blind” versus “love becomes hate” debate to the realm of brand activism and finds evidence for the former effect. It also contributes to the research on political consumption by highlighting the role of political ideology as an important boundary condition for brand activism. Perceived marginalization is identified as a relevant risk for activist brands.
Smart tourism and cultural heritage in the Baltic states: exploring strategies and tools for sustainable development
Authors: Berjozkina Galina , Kuruvilla Kenny James
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine and analyse data relating to cultural heritage, smart tourism and smart tourism tools for preserving cultural heritage in the Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a qualitative review of data from National tourism board web sites, the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, and the European Heritage Label sites. The paper analyses various sources in terms of cultural heritage and smart tourism and examines different ways of applying smart tourism tools to cultural heritage.

Findings

The findings show that smart tourism, and especially the preservation of cultural heritage in the Baltic states, is not a new thing, and it is rapidly progressing by inventing new technological tools for tourists to use and as well by digitising cultural heritage. Comprehensive examination of three countries shows that there is significant potential already and that there is a way to grow further for each of the countries by applying new technological tools for preservation of a cultural heritage.

Originality/value

The paper reviews data on cultural heritage and smart tourism tools in the Baltic states where it already plays a steady and significant role. Specifically, it contributes to recognition of each of the states on a global level in terms of variety of cultural heritage that is being preserved and digitalised. The originality of the paper is determined by the assessment of the smart tools used for cultural tourism.
Comparison of a national commercial pharmacy naloxone data source to state and city pharmacy naloxone data sources—Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New York City, 2013–2019
Authors: Chatterjee Avik , Yan Shapei , Lambert Audrey , Morgan Jake R. , Green Traci C. , Jeng Philip J. , Jalali Ali , Xuan Ziming , Krieger Maxwell , Marshall Brandon D. L. , Walley Alexander Y. , Murphy Sean M.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Accurate naloxone distribution data are critical for planning and prevention purposes, yet sources of naloxone dispensing data vary by location, and completeness of local datasets is unknown. We sought to compare available datasets in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York City (NYC) to a commercially available pharmacy national claims dataset (Symphony Health Solutions).

Data Sources and Study Setting

We utilized retail pharmacy naloxone dispensing data from NYC (2018–2019), Rhode Island (2013–2019), and Massachusetts (2014–2018), and pharmaceutical claims data from Symphony Health Solutions (2013–2019).

Study Design

We conducted a descriptive, retrospective, and secondary analysis comparing naloxone dispensing events (NDEs) captured via Symphony to NDEs captured by local datasets from the three jurisdictions between 2013 and 2019, when data were available from both sources, using descriptive statistics, regressions, and heat maps.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

We defined an NDE as a dispensing event documented by the pharmacy and assumed that each dispensing event represented one naloxone kit (i.e., two doses). We extracted NDEs from local datasets and the Symphony claims dataset. The unit of analysis was the ZIP Code annual quarter.

Principal Findings

NDEs captured by Symphony exceeded those in local datasets for each time period and location, except in RI following legislation requiring NDEs to be reported to the PDMP. In regression analysis, absolute differences in NDEs between datasets increased substantially over time, except in RI before the PDMP. Heat maps of NDEs by ZIP code quarter showed important variations reflecting where pharmacies may not be reporting NDEs to Symphony or local datasets.

Conclusions

Policymakers must be able to monitor the quantity and location of NDEs in order to combat the opioid crisis. In regions where NDEs are not required to be reported to PDMPs, proprietary pharmaceutical claims datasets may be useful alternatives, with a need for local expertise to assess dataset‐specific variability.