bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in Children
Authors: Pelupessy J. M. Ch. , Sangka Pieter
Published: March 2019

Of 87 children with typhoid fever, from age ranging in 2.5 to 14 years, 62.0% showed ECG changes. Sinus tachycardia and left ventricular hypertrophy were the two most frequent abnormalities.The majority of ECG changes occurred in the first week of admission and return to normal two weeks thereafter. There were no significant differences in the frequency of abnormal ECG pattern by sex, age, and nutritional state.
DAMPAK PERMASALAHAN HIDUP EMPAT TOKOH UTAMA TERHADAP KEPRIBADIAN DALAM NOVEL AUTO KARYA NATSUO KIRINO
Authors: Hastuti Nur
Published: March 2019

Abstract  This ressearch has title” The Impact of  The Fourth Main Characters’  Life Problem Toward Their Characteristic In The Novel  Auto By Natsuo Kirino”. The objects ressearch is novel Auto by Natsuo Kirino that was published in 1997. This ressearch has aim to get the description of characteristic structure of the four main characters that includes id, ego, and superego, and also about what are the effects of life problem toward their characteristics. The theoritical approach that is used in this ressearch is to answer those both problems and  uses Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalisist.From the characteristics ressearch result of the four main characters, they are Masako, Yayoi, Yoshie, and Kuniko,  it is proved that their characteristics are more dominated by id impuls than ego impuls or superego. This is because work characteristic of  id is pleasure principle to reduce tension or problem.The impact of life problem toward the characteristic of four main characters is descibed below.  Masako has problem when she is never respected in her workplace. Difficult communication with her husband and her  household that is not harmonious and her relationship with her children is not getting well. Those problems effect she does main action to reduce her tension in her life. She also helps her friend, Yayoi by throwing away Yayoi’s husband corpse that had been mutilated. Yayoi has problem with her husband who never respects her and her household that is not harmonious. Solution that is done by Yayoi because of  household problem is by doing main action by killing her husband. Another character, Yoshie has a problem  where she must nurse her mother in law who always  grumble and gets angry to her when she come late. She must also work in the night to earn money to fulfill her  needs. Those facts cause fury  to Yoshie, so that she wants to kill her mother in law. Yoshie wants to leave out all her burdens and tensions by helps Masako to throw away Kenji’s corpse (Yayoi’s husband). Another character,  Kuniko has problem about she feel that she has no face beauty and perfect body shape, so that she lives in luxurious way and has many debts to the creditors to cover her lack. She does this way to reduce her tension in her life. Keywords: novel, main character, life problem, psychoanalisist
BERTUTUR SANTUN MELALUI TTL
Authors: Hamidah Idah
Published: March 2019

Abstract Courtesy ( politeness ) is one of the recalled strategies to maintain good relations between speaker and hearer . In this study, politeness is defined as the awareness of speakers will image the hearer; a concept called ‘the face’ (Brown and Levinson, 1987). To express politeness, one of which is realized with indirect speech act (TTL), for example, to declare a function directive, speakers can use direct speech (TL) with the imperative sentences and use TTL with declarative or interrogative sentences. This study aims to find a form of directive utterances in Japanese as well as politeness strategies. The benefit of this research is to provide choice to the learner how to speak Japanese, especially for express orders using TTL. Data obtained through the identification process to find speech that is suspected to contain commands mean. This step begins by identifying and marking the discourse in the form of dialogues that contains the event said directive . Directive speech is then transcribed (romanization) , which over the alphabet of Japanese characters into Latin letters. After transcription, triangulation to native speakers. Subsequently translation (transliteration) of the Japanese language as the source language (BS) into the Indonesian language as the target (BT). The translation process includes : (1) translation literally, is glossed words each forming the speech or discourse; (2) a free translation, the translation is bound context that focuses on BT. This is done so that the translation is communicative. Based on the results of the study found seven forms of expression TTL directive to express politeness in Japanese , namely : Form [ VTE ] , [ ~ mashō ] , [ ~ kara ] , [ ~ te hoshii ] , [ ~ yattorun ? ] , [ ~ U / yo ] , and [ ~ yoni suru shikanai ] . Keywords : command ; TTL ; politeness ; directive ; imperative
DIATESIS DALAM KATEGORI GRAMATIKAL VERBA BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Rosliana Lina
Published: March 2019

Grammatical categories is an important part of Japanese study to understand the structure of a particular grammar. Grammatical categories in Japanese linguistics is divided into two; grammatical categories of nouns and verbs grammatical categories. Diathesis included into the grammatical categories of verbs which mainly examines the passive and causative form. The core of the study diathesis are different points of view in understanding a situation in a proposition.
DAERAH SALJU YANG “DINGIN” Tinjauan terhadap Novel Daerah Salju Karya Kawabata Yasunari
Authors: Noviana Fajria
Published: March 2019

Expressive approach on this novel was conducted to proof scholars’ opinions about the themes that Kawabata often used in his works, which affected by his unpleasant childhood. Those themes are loneliness, emptiness, broken heart, sexuality, and others in common. Comparative study was also conducted but to find out how this novel affected by other literary works and  Japanese traditions, and vice versa.
PERBANDINGAN KONSEP PERSALAMAN “TERIMA KASIH” DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Hesti Aprilia Nindia Rini Elizabeth Ika
Published: March 2019

Abstract Greetings is necessary in human relationship. If we can’t express greeting properly we will be regarded as the less civilized. And not to know how to use expressions that show gratitude can lead us to misunderstandings that would be not good for the relationship that has been existed. Indonesian expressed gratitude by using idiomatic expressions such as”terima kasih”, “makasih”, “trims” with sincerity, meanwhile Japanese expressed kansha (gratitude) using standard existing idiomatic expressions such as “arigatou gozaimasu”, “sumimasen”, “doumo”, etc, describing the facts that occurred, describing the feeling of the speaker, and gestures. Kata Kunci : greetings, gratitude, terima kasih,arigatou gozaimasu
Stanisław Tokarczuk (red.), Rudna. Ilustrowana monografia gminy, Stowarzyszenie Animatorów Kultury i Edukacji & Agencja Artystyczna „Codex”, Lubin 2012, ss. 330
Authors: Fetzki Tomasz
Published: March 2019

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Bibliografia historii wychowania, szkolnictwa i myśli pedagogicznej w Polsce za rok 2012 (z uzupełnieniami za lata poprzednie)
Authors: Gruca Anna
Published: March 2019

Oprac. Anna Gruca
Sprawozdanie z IV Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej pt. „Dziedzictwo kulturowe. Edukacja wczoraj dziś i jutro”
Authors: Janicka Weronika , Konstańczak Marta
Published: March 2019

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Attributes of Activation Energy and Exponential Based Heat Source in Flow of Carreau Fluid with Cross-Diffusion Effects
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Ullah Ikram , Waqas Muhammad , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: March 2019

In the present study we aim to model and examine the impact of melting and double stratification on MHD flow of Carreau liquid over a stretching sheet. Incompressible non-Newtonian liquid is electrically conducting and exposed to a constant magnetic field. The exponential space dependent internal heat source effect is incorporated in the energy expression. Mass transfer is characterized in terms of activation energy and a binary chemical reaction. In addition, Soret and Dufour phenomena are included. The boundary layer concept is utilized to simplify the governing equations. A system of ordinary differential equations is obtained through proper transformations. The coupled non-linear system is then computed by the NDSolve technique. Plots and tabulated values are arranged for interpretation of different variables. The obtained results show that the flow field is influenced appreciably by melting, the heat source, the reaction rate and the activation energy. Moreover, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are increased by the activation energy.
Supplier Evaluation with Hesitant Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process in Bearing Sector and Consistency Analysis
Authors: Ayhan Mustafa Batuhan
Published: March 2019

The bearing sector has a demand for high precision and expensive machine tools. To ensure product quality and reduction of operating costs, the manufacturers in this sector should develop an appropriate supplier evaluation mechanism for the bearings. Therefore, this study presents a Hesitant Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (HF-AHP) technique for the evaluation of suppliers. HF-AHP, which is an extension of the well-known Fuzzy AHP (F-AHP), allows more space to decision makers while they are performing pairwise comparisons in hesitant situations. This article also introduces a consistency analysis technique for the preferences. This technique firstly sorts out the hesitancy and then deals with fuzzy comparisons. In addition, to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, a case study is presented as a numerical example in the bearing industry. The results of this application are compared with the results of the same case that was previously handled with the traditional F-AHP method in the literature. Finally, sensitivity analysis, which is performed to check the robustness of the decision, investigates the effects of changes in criteria weights.
Development of a Trailer to Measure the Noise Generated at the Interface between Tire and Pavement Surface
Authors: Al-Haddad Abdulhaq Hadi. Abedali , Ibrahim Tuqa Khalid
Published: March 2019

Noise pollution is another environmental pollutant to be formally recognized as an actual threat to human health and the quality of life. The growth in noise pollution is unsustainable because it involves direct and cumulative adverse health effects. Pavement characteristics are one of the important factors affecting noise generation and propagation. The selection of an appropriate pavement mixture or texture with the proper maintenance efforts is the best method to control the main cause of pavement noise. Therefore, the major objective of this research study was to develop a methodology to evaluate tire-pavement noise. Other objectives were investigating the effect of the pavement surface characteristics on the generation and propagation of the noise of asphalt concrete (AC) and portland cement concrete (PCC) at varying traffic speeds, and finally the development of a statistical model for prediction tire-pavement noise at varying traffic speeds. Field noise measurements were performed using a noise trailer developed in this study and attached to the parent vehicle. Overall, PCC sections with higher skid resistance and lower average texture depth produced the highest noise levels compared with the conventional AC sections; PCC type had an average difference of about 1 dB(A) compared with the AC pavement. The presence of surface distress led to increasing the tire-pavement noise level by 7 dB(A). There were increments of about 1 dB(A) and 7 dB(A) to change vehicle speed from 20 to 40 km/h and from 40 to 60 km/h, respectively. Regarding the measurement period effect on the tire-pavement noise level, tire-pavement noise had an increment of about 7 dB(A) during daytime compared with night.
ET VE ET ÜRÜNLERİNDE MİKROBİYAL DEKONTAMİNASYON İÇİN BAZI ISIL OLMAYAN TEKNOLOJİLERİN KULLANIMI
Authors: BİLECEN ŞEN Damla , KILIÇ Birol , DEMİR Ebru , BAŞYİĞİT KILIÇ Gülden
Published: March 2019

Günümüzde nüfusun beslenme düzeyi kalkınmanın önemli
ölçütlerinden biri olarak sayılmakta ve bu nedenle nüfusun sağlıklı ve dengeli
beslenebilmesi açısından et ve et ürünlerinin kalitesinin ve güvenliğinin
iyileştirilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle et ve et ürünleri muhafazasında
çeşitli ısıl işlem uygulamaları kullanılarak, gıdaların raf ömrü uzatılmakta ve
mikrobiyal açıdan güvenlik sağlanmaktadır. Ancak bu teknolojinin uygulanması et
ve et ürünlerinin fiziksel ve kimyasal yapılarında değişimlere, organoleptik
özelliklerinin ve doğal bileşenlerinin bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle
et ve et ürünlerinin muhafazasında ısıl olmayan teknolojiler üzerine çeşitli
araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bu derleme ile et ve et ürünlerindeki
mikroorganizmaların dekontaminasyonunda kullanılan ışınlama, ultraviyole
ışınları, vurgulu elektrik alan, atımlı ışık, yüksek basınç ve ultrasonik ses
dalgaları gibi ısıl olmayan teknolojilerin özellikleri, uygulamaları ve
oluşturduğu etkiler hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
DIAGNOSIS OF SUBSTANCES, WHICHCHARACTERIZE THE PROPERTIESOF INDEPENDENT OBSERVATION AND CONTROL
Authors: Verlan Anatoli F. , Polozhaenko Sergii A. , Prokofieva Ludmila L. , Shylov Vladinir P.
Published: March 2019

Modern practice of the development of technical systems, and electrical engineering in particular, shows that their reliability is laid at the design stage and is ensured at the stage of production. The imperfection of production technology and viola-tion of operating modes can lead to the appearance of various defects in the finished systems. Thus, the diagnosis of a technicalob-ject (system) must necessarily be present at all stages of its life cycle.Therefore, various workson ensuring the process of diagnosing the technical system is carried out in its design, manufacturing, testing and operation. At the same time, the purpose of the diagnosis is to maintain the necessary level of indicators of the technical state of the system. At the design stage, the main task of diagnosing is to provide the possibility of a potential diagnosis of the system being designed, and at the stage of production and operation, the current control of its performance.The constant increase in the complexity of technical systems, due to the increase and complica-tion of the functions performed, the improvement of production technology, the increase ofrequirements to quality indicators, etc., leads to the complication of methods and diagnostic tools that provide the necessary properties of systemsFor the diagnosis of elec-trical devices, methods such as: peripheral scanning, automatic generation of samples, built-in self-scanning, as well as methods of parametric identification, fault control methods, evaluation methods, etc. are used. Many of these methods are characterized by the following disadvantages: significant amount of computations, the need toaccess all nodes of the electrical circuit, the sensitivity to the errors of the calculations, and, as a consequence, the complexity of practical implementation. In addition, a significant spread in the diagnosis of electrical devices acquired a method ofreference, based on the finding of a set of values of voltages or currents at the control points of those of them closest to the values obtained during measurement in the device being diagnosed.Despite the considerable achievements in the field of diagnosing the technical state of the systems, the relevance of theoretical research and the practical application of diagnostic methods as the basic principles for ensuring the necessary quality indicators of systems (and elec-trotechnical, in particular) and increasing the reliability of estimates of the technical condition of the latter remains determinative at the present time.Conditions of independent monitoring and control are considered and investigated, which ensure the possibility of conducting a diagnostic experiment without the withdrawal of a controlled system from operation.
Echocardiography and monitoring patients receiving dopamine agonist therapy for hyperprolactinaemia: a joint position statement of the British Society of Echocardiography, the British Heart Valve Society and the Society for Endocrinology
Authors: Steeds Richard P. , Stiles Craig E. , Sharma Vishal , Chambers John B. , Lloyd Guy , Drake William
Published: March 2019

This is a joint position statement of the British Society of Echocardiography, the British Heart Valve Society and the Society for Endocrinology on the role of echocardiography in monitoring patients receiving dopamine agonist (DA) therapy for hyperprolactinaemia. (1) Evidence that DA pharmacotherapy causes abnormal valve morphology and dysfunction at doses used in the management of hyperprolactinaemia is extremely limited. Evidence of clinically significant valve pathology is absent, except for isolated case reports around which questions remain. (2) Attributing change in degree of valvular regurgitation, especially in mild and moderate tricuspid regurgitation, to adverse effects of DA in hyperprolactinaemia should be avoided if there are no associated pathological changes in leaflet thickness, restriction or retraction. It must be noted that even where morphological change in leaflet structure and function may be suspected, grading is semi-quantitative on echocardiography and may vary between different machines, ultrasound settings and operators. (3) Decisions regarding discontinuation of medication should only be made after review of serial imaging by an echocardiographer experienced in analysing drug-induced valvulopathy or carcinoid heart disease. (4) A standard transthoracic echocardiogram should be performed before a patient starts DA therapy for hyperprolactinaemia. Repeat transthoracic echocardiography should then be performed at 5 years after starting cabergoline in patients taking a total weekly dose less than or equal to 2 mg. If there has been no change on the 5-year scan, repeat echocardiography could continue at 5-yearly intervals. If a patient is taking more than a total weekly dose of 2 mg, then annual echocardiography is recommended.
Ciberpolítica, digitalización y relaciones internacionales: un enfoque desde la literatura crítica de economía política internacional
Authors: VILA SEOANE Maximiliano , SAGUIER Marcelo
Published: March 2019

El proceso de digitalización es un vector fundamental del capitalismo de datos, que está generando profundas implicancias en términos de nuevas formas de poder y asimetrías entre los actores de la política inter y transnacional. En Relaciones Internacionales, la ciberpolítica estudia las consecuencias de estos cambios. Mientras que en español hay pocas investigaciones sobre el tema, en inglés existe una amplia variedad de estudios, pero sin dimensionar la importancia del proceso de digitalización como parte de una nueva economía política global. En contraposición, en base a la literatura crítica de la economía política internacional en la tradición neogramsciana y de los estudios de ciencia y tecnología, argumentamos que el proceso de digitalización transforma las relaciones de producción, propiciando formas de gobernanza que expresan dinámicas de conflicto y cooperación en las que se pone en juego la construcción de nuevas configuraciones de un orden mundial digital. A partir de una revisión de la literatura en inglés, sostenemos el argumento al mostrar las dinámicas de conflicto y cooperación en cuatro áreas específicas de la ciberpolítica y las relaciones internacionales: ciberseguridad; gobernanza del comercio y de las finanzas globales; derechos humanos y ciudadanía en internet; y medioambiente.
Predictors of Hospital Reuse Among Publicly Insured Children Hospitalized for Status Asthmaticus
Authors: Molina Adolfo L. , Magruder Teresa G. , Aban Inmaculada B. , Ward Lauren , Narayanan Sridaran , Walley Susan C.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:

Asthma is a common cause of pediatric hospitalization. Nonadherence to asthma medications is associated with worse outcomes; however, there is a paucity of data regarding posthospitalization prescription filling and hospital reuse. Our objective was to identify patients at risk for hospital reuse after being hospitalized for asthma.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective study of patients with asthma who were discharged from a children’s hospital in which we use Medicaid claims data to evaluate prescription fills within 30 days and 12 months. Chart reviews were used for demographics, chronic asthma severity, admission severity, and hospital reuse. t and χ2 tests were performed for continuous and categorical variables. A generalized linear mixed model was fitted to predict the odds of hospital reuse, which was defined as requiring an emergency department visit or rehospitalization. Survival analysis using log-rank testing was used for modeling the time to hospital reuse.

RESULTS:

Fifty-four percent of patients discharged with asthma had hospital reuse within 1 year of discharge. There was no association between hospital reuse and prescription filling for systemic steroids (odds ratio [OR] 1.30; confidence interval [CI]: 0.85–2.00; P = .21) or controller medications (OR 1.5; CI: 0.92–2.52; P = .10). There was a higher number of controller and systemic steroid prescription fills over 12 months for patients with hospital reuse. The factors associated with greater odds of hospital reuse were severity of chronic asthma diagnosis (P = .03) as well as African American race (OR 1.92; CI: 1.17–3.13; P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

For Medicaid-insured patients discharged with asthma, worse chronic asthma severity and African American race were associated with greater odds of hospital reuse. Decreased prescription filling was not associated with greater odds of hospital reuse.
Parent Preferences for Methods and Content of Mobile Technology–Based Asthma Medication Adherence Intervention
Authors: Andrews Annie Lintzenich , Nitchie Haley L. , Harvey Jillian B.
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Mobile technology–based asthma medication adherence interventions can be targeted to children during periods of high risk, including the transition from hospital to home or when refill behavior suggests declining adherence. Our objective was to develop insight into parent use of mobile technology and their preferences for a mobile technology–based asthma intervention.

METHODS:

By using qualitative methods, 20 interviews of parents of children with asthma were conducted. The open-ended, semistructured interview guides included questions about current mobile technology use, barriers to controller medication adherence, and preferences for methods and content of a mobile technology–based asthma intervention. Using grounded theory methodology, investigators coded the transcripts and identified emerging themes.

RESULTS:

Twenty parents completed interviews. Half of the children were 7 to 12 years old. Eighty percent had public insurance. Sixty-five percent had a previous hospitalization. Three major themes were identified: chronic disease management assistance, distinct preferences for risk communication, and electronic reachability. Chronic disease management assistance included parents recognizing that busy lifestyles contribute to adherence challenges and welcoming a program to assist them. Distinct preferences for risk communication included a preference for 2-way communication via text message or phone call at least monthly. Under the theme of electronic reachability, all enrolled parents had smartphones and used them daily.

CONCLUSIONS:

Parents of children with asthma are open to communicating with asthma providers through mobile technology. This information can be used to inform the development of mobile technology–based interventions to improve care for children with asthma during periods of high risk, including the transition from hospital to home.
Off-label Medication Prescribing Patterns in Pediatrics: An Update
Authors: Yackey Katelyn , Stukus Kristin , Cohen Daniel , Kline David , Zhao Sonia , Stanley Rachel
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To describe the frequency of off-label drug use in 2014 as defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved age ranges in patients ≤18 years of age, to determine the rate of off-label drug use in 2014 by drug classification, and to compare current off-label medication usage rates with historical rates.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective cohort study of an administrative database containing inpatient resource use data from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014. Patients ≤18 years of age receiving 1 of 76 selected commonly prescribed medications are included. Off-label drug use is defined as use in a patient younger than the lower limit of the FDA-approved age range for any indication or dosage form of that drug.

RESULTS:

At least 1 drug was prescribed off label in 779 270 of 2 773 770 (28.1%) patient visits during the study period. Younger age, longer hospital stays, and mortality were associated with higher rates of off-label medication prescription. Off-label usage of certain medications differed between care settings. Rates of off-label medication use were higher in observational (45.5%), inpatient (53.9%), and ambulatory (54.2%) settings.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although off-label drug use at major US pediatric hospitals is declining, 1 out of every 4 medications is not in accordance with FDA label indications for patient age. There exists substantial variation in off-label drug use among drug categories and encounter types. Although many commonly prescribed medications are FDA-approved for use in subpopulations of pediatric patients, studies of their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and optimal dosing are ongoing.
The Association Between Fever and Subsequent Deterioration Among Hospitalized Children With Elevated PEWS
Authors: Lockwood Justin , Reese Jennifer , Wathen Beth , Thomas Jacob , Brittan Mark , Iwanowski Melissa , McLeod Lisa
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the association between fever and subsequent deterioration among patients with Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) elevations to ≥4 to inform improvements to care escalation processes at our institution.

METHODS:

We performed a cohort study of hospitalized children at a single quaternary children’s hospital with PEWS elevations to ≥4 between January 1, 2014 and March 31, 2014. Bivariable analysis was used to compare characteristics between patients with and without unplanned ICU transfers and critical deterioration events (CDEs) (ie, unplanned ICU transfers with life-sustaining interventions initiated in the first 12 ICU hours). A multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess the relative risk of unplanned ICU transfers and CDEs.

RESULTS:

The study population included 220 PEWS elevations from 176 unique patients. Of those, 33% had fever (n = 73), 40% experienced an unplanned ICU transfer (n = 88), and 19% experienced CDEs (n = 42). Bivariable analysis revealed that febrile patients were less likely to experience an unplanned ICU transfer than those without fever. The same association was found in multivariable analysis with only marginal significance (adjusted relative risk 0.68; 95% confidence interval 0.45–1.01; P = .058). There was no difference in the CDE risk for febrile versus afebrile patients (adjusted relative risk 0.79; 95% confidence interval 0.43–1.44; P = .44).

CONCLUSIONS:

At our institution, patients with an elevated PEWS appeared less likely to experience an unplanned ICU transfer if they were febrile. We were underpowered to evaluate the effect on CDEs. These findings contributed to our recognition that (1) PEWS may not include all relevant clinical factors used for clinical decision-making regarding care escalation and (2) further study is needed in this area.
Challenging the “Culture” of the Tracheal Aspirate
Authors: Claassen Colleen C. , Keenan William J.
Published: March 2019

The tracheal aspirate (TA) culture is commonly ordered in the NICU, but it has low sensitivity and specificity, limited by contamination. Interpretation of a TA culture out of context can lead to antibiotic overuse, which should be avoided. Clinicians should practice caution in the diagnosis of congenital pneumonia and use newer, published approaches to the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonates. A subset of neonatal patients with risk factors of maternal fever or chorioamnionitis requiring intubation may benefit from TA culture performed within 12 hours after birth, to help identify an organism when blood culture may be negative, and tailor antimicrobial therapies. The more invasive, but more sensitive, technique of nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage should be considered in older infants when bacterial isolation from the lower respiratory tract is necessary, because TA culture cannot distinguish between colonization and infection in that population.
Toxicidade e efeitos adversos decorrente do tratamento quimioterápico antineoplásico em pacientes pediátricos: revisão integrativa
Authors: Iuchno Clarissa Weiss , De Carvalho Gisele Pereira
Published: March 2019

Introdução: O câncer infanto-juvenil é considerado raro quando comparado ao câncer no adulto, porém houve aumento nas taxas de incidência, nos últimos anos. O uso de quimioterápicos antineoplásicos é uma das modalidades terapêuticas para tratamento das neoplasias. Em virtude da ação não específica dos quimioterápicos, ocorrem os efeitos adversos e a toxicidade. Os efeitos adversos e as toxicidades devem ser monitorados, graduadas e notificadas.Objetivo: Conhecer as produções científicas nacionais e internacionais sobre os efeitos adversos e a toxicidade do tratamento quimioterápico em pacientes pediátricos.Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de artigos realizada nas bases de Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), com os seguintes descritores: “toxicidade”, “efeitos adversos”, “oncologia”, “quimioterapia” e “pediatria”. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2016, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol e que estivessem disponíveis na íntegra sem restrição de acessibilidade.Resultados: Foram selecionados 13 artigos que contemplavam o objetivo do estudo, destes, apenas dois nacionais. Entre as toxicidades citadas estão: cardiotoxicidade, neutropenia febril, mucosite, neuropatia periférica, neurotoxicidade central, hepatotoxicidade e ototoxicidade. Oito artigos classificaram a toxicidade, enquanto sete não. Asparaginase, vincristina e doxorrubicina, foram alguns dos quimioterápicos antineoplásicos presentes nos estudos.Conclusão: Apesar das altas taxas de cura das neoplasias infanto-juvenis e aos avanços no tratamento, deve-se considerar a toxicidade do mesmo para estes pacientes. A literatura vigente enfatiza a necessidade de novos estudos que visem à identificação das toxicidades relacionadas ao tratamento quimioterápico. Reforça-se, também, a necessidade de registro e da classificação das toxicidades, para que se tenha conhecimento dos efeitos adversos e das toxicidades do tratamento quimioterápico antineoplásico. Sendo assim, é essencial o acompanhamento das toxicidades tardias de sobreviventes do câncer infantil que são impactantes para o desenvolvimento e qualidade de vida dos mesmos.
Manipulação plantar aumenta o contato podal, equilíbrio e reduz o risco de queda em idosos
Authors: Stroppa-Marques Ana Elisa Zuliani , Silva Daiany Sousa , De Oliveira Fernanda Barbosa , Graciozo Jessica Cristina Bonfim , De Melo-Neto João Simão , Marcondes Laís Passos
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Analisar o efeito agudo da manipulação podal, sobre a base de suporte, equilíbrio, marcha e risco de queda em idosos.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo quasi-experimental, do tipo antes e depois. Amostra composta por 14 idosos hígidos (12 mulheres), com faixa etária média de 66±5 anos. Os indivíduos foram submetidos à avaliação, pré e pós-manobra fisioterapêutica, incluindo: análise do contato plantar por meio de plantigrafía, para verificar a área de contato (cm²) e o índice do arco plantar de Staheli (mm); avaliação do equilíbrio, marcha e risco de queda pela escala de Tinetti. Os pacientes foram submetidos à manobra fisioterapêutica de manipulação da fáscia e da musculatura intrínseca do pé. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística.Resultados: O índice do arco plantar não demonstrou alterações significativas. Houve aumento da área de contato nos pés direito (antes 113,24±13,07 cm²; após 115,07±14,02 cm²; p=0,025, teste-t pareado) e esquerdo (antes 112,98±15,58 cm²; após 116,48±15,25 cm²; p=0,006, teste t pareado). A escala de Tinetti evidenciou aumento significativo do equilíbrio (antes 14,21±0,22; após 15,21±0,57; p=0,016, teste de Wilcoxon) e baixo risco de queda (antes 25,7±0,29; após 27,1±0,1; p=0,008, teste de Wilcoxon) pós-manobra fisioterapêutica. Não foram observadas alterações na marcha. Além disso, durante a análise de correlação (r) de Spearman, observou-se moderada relação entre a área de contato plantar com o equilíbrio (r=0,405; p=0,033) e risco de queda (r=0,379; p=0,008).Conclusão: A manipulação podal aumenta a área de contato plantar, melhora o equilíbrio, e reduz o risco de queda.
Avaliação da prevalência da polineuromiopatia do doente crítico em uma unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Blattner Clarissa , Filomena Ananda Binato , Dalmoro Emerson , Makarewicz Gabriel Tocchetto
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência da polineuromiopatia do doente crítico (PNMDC), através da mensuração de força muscular, correlacionando com o tempo de ventilação mecânica (VM), desmame e período de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal prospectivo, onde participaram do estudo homens e mulheres maiores de 18 anos. Foram realizadas avaliações por pesquisadores treinados, durante a pausa da sedação e com paciente apto para desmame. A força muscular periférica foi avaliada através da escala MRC (Medical Research Council), e a força de preensão palmar através de DPP (dinamometria de preensão palmar) da mão dominante. As variáveis quantitativas foram descritas por média e desvio padrão; as categóricas, por frequências absolutas e relativas. Para verificar as correlações entre os dados foi realizado o teste de correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância estatística de 5%.Resultados: Amostra de 39 pacientes com predomínio do sexo masculino (n=21; 53,8%), média de idade de 63,67±17,61. Observou-se um total de 66,7% (n=26) pacientes que preenchiam algum critério para diagnóstico de polineuromiopatia. A prevalência de PNMDC, diagnosticada pela tabela do MRC foi observada em 23 pacientes (59%), enquanto que utilizando a DPP, em 10 indivíduos (25,6%). Quando associadas, as avaliações diagnósticas detectaram 7 polineuropatas (17,9%). Não foram observadas correlações entre diagnóstico de PNMDC, com o tempo de VM, de UTI ou de desmame.Conclusão: As ferramentas utilizadas para diagnóstico de PNMDC, de forma isolada ou associadas, identificaram a prevalência de pacientes fracos. Não foram identificadas correlações entre tal fraqueza e tempo maior em VM, tempo de desmame e permanência prolongada na UTI.
TOBACCO WATER - HIDDEN KILLER IN THE NORTH EAST INDIA!
Authors: Iti Kaushik Dr. Priscilla C Ngaihte*, Dr. Eric Zomawia,
Published: March 2019

Usage of tobacco is a global epidemic regardless of age and sex, and all the nitty-gritty of its harmfulness has been documented, taught and spread to every nook and cranny, it is still being considered a social status as a ‘cool quotient’ especially in youth. While, 8-9 lakh deaths every year in India are attributed to have caused by tobacco in varied forms, having a significant implication in the nation’s public health, the use of smokeless tobacco, highly prevalent in India - accounting for 74 percent of the global burden, and exceeds cigarette smoking in both men and women, is to be worried much about too.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Penyalut terhadap Viabilitas Bakteri dan Daya Larut Tablet Effervescent Probiotik
Authors: Oktavia Devi Ambarwaty , Feliatra Feliatra , Lubis Lora Lestari
Published: March 2019

Upaya meningkatkan produksi udang dapat dilakukan melalui penggunaan probiotik. Untuk menjaga viabilitas bakteri probiotik, diperlukan usaha untuk melindungi bakteri dengan penyalut misalnya maltodekstrin. Perlindungan lebih lanjut dapat ditingkatkan dengan cara mengemas probiotik tersebut dalam tablet effervescent. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji viabilitas (jumlah bakteri) dan waktu larut probiotik yang sudah dicetak menjadi tablet effervescent dengan variasi konsentrasi penyalut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen; yaitu sampel air tambak udang diberi perlakuan 4 (empat) formula tablet effervescent (Formula I, II, III, IV) dengan 3 (tiga) konsentrasi penyalut yaitu 20%, 30% dan 40% maltodekstrin. Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 2 kali. Pengujian Total Plate Count (TPC) dan waktu larut dilakukan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi penyalut tablet effervescent yang paling efektif.  Formula tablet effervescent yang paling efektif dalam menjaga kestabilan bakteri adalah formula IV dengan konsentrasi maltodekstrin sebanyak 30%. Formula ini menghasilkan tablet effervescent dengan jumlah bakteri sebanyak 6,46 log CFU/mL dan larut dalam waktu 20 menit.
Ekstraksi dan Karakteristik Minyak Tulang Ikan Tuna (Thunnus albacares)
Authors: Istiqlaal Suci
Published: March 2019

Limbah tulang tuna berpotensi untuk diolah menjadi minyak ikan yang banyak mengandung asam- asam lemak esensial yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisikokimia dan profil asam lemak minyak tulang ikan tuna. Ekstraksi minyak tulang ikan menggunakan 2 (dua) metode yaitu wet rendering dan curing menggunakan cuka lontar. Metode wet rendering menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu suhu (40, 50, dan 60 oC) dan lama ekstraksi (15, 30, dan 45 menit), kemudian hasil terbaik dibandingkan dengan hasil metode perendaman dalam cuka lontar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh faktor suhu dan lama waktu ekstraksi terhadap rendemen, bilangan asam, bilangan iod, bilangan penyabunan dan densitas minyak tulang ikan, dengan metode terbaik perlakuan suhu 40 oC dengan waktu esktraksi 15 menit. Hasil uji-t menunjukkan minyak hasil metode perendaman dalam cuka lontar memiliki kualitas lebih baik dibandingkan metode terbaik wet rendering (suhu 40 oC waktu esktraksi 15 menit), dengan bilangan asam sebesar 3,14 mg KOH/g, angka iod sebesar 79,08, angka penyabunan sebesar 188,30 mgKOH/g dan densitas sebesar 0,92 g/ml3, meskipun nilai rendemennya lebih rendah yaitu 27,33%. Minyak yang diekstrak dari tulang ikan tuna menggunakan metode terbaik wet rendering (suhu 40 oC waktu esktraksi 15 menit ) memiliki kadar asam palmitat (SFA) sebesar 14,09%, asam oleat (MUFA) 9,46% dan DHA (PUFA) sebesar 20,50% (PUFA), sedangkan yang menggunakan metode perendaman dalam cuka lontar, mengandung asam palmitat (SFA) sebesar 14,41%, asam oleat (MUFA) 10,01% dan DHA (PUFA) sebesar 23,81%.
Kandungan Senyawa Aktif Spirulina platensis yang Ditumbuhkan pada Media Walne dengan Konsentrasi NaNO3 Berbeda
Authors: Notonegoro Hartoyo , Setyaningsih Iriani , Tarman Kustiariyah
Published: March 2019

Spirulina platensis merupakan sumber makanan organik  yang mengandung protein tinggi dengan asam amino yang seimbang. Spirulina juga memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif yaitu fikosianin dan flavonoid. Senyawa aktif tersebut pada umumnya memiliki aktivitas yang potential sebagai suplemen dan sediaan bahan aktif pada pangan fungsional. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kandungan fikosianin dan flavonoid dari mikroalga adalah nutrisi yang digunakan dalam media pertumbuhan sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai pengaruh komposisi media terhadap kandungan fikosianin dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh variasi kandungan NaNO3 pada media pertumbuhan terhadap kandungan fikosianin dan flavonoid S. platensis; serta menentukan konsentrasi NaNO3 terbaik pada media Walne untuk menghasilkan biomassa S. platensis dengan kandungan fikosianin dan flavonoid  tertinggi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahapan yaitu kultivasi S. platensis; dan ekstraksi fikosianin, flavonoid, dan komponen aktif lainnya. Kultur S. platensis menggunakan media Walne dengan variasi kandungan NaNO3 yaitu masing-masing sebesar 80, 100 dan 120 g selama 11 hari. Total protein dan nitrogen tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 100 g NaNO3 masing-masing sebesar 44,30% dan 7,09%. Biomassa S. platensis setiap perlakuan NaNO3 mengandung flavonoid, steroid, fenol dan saponin. Konsentrasi dan rendemen fikosianin terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan 80 g NaNO3 sebesar 1,32 mg/ml dan 32,93%.Total flavonoid ekstrak S. platensis tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 80 g NaNO3 sebesar 16,56%. S. platensis terpilih adalah perlakuan NaNO3 80 g karena menghasilkan kandungan senyawa aktif flavonoid dan fikosianin tertinggi. ncentration.
Identification of Protease-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Banyuwedang, Bali, and Characterization of its Protease
Authors: Zilda Dewi Seswita , Fawzya Yusro Nuri , Uria Agustinus Robert
Published: March 2019

Proteases or peptidases is known as a largest group of hydrolytic enzymes and have been applied in various industries such as food, pharmacy, leather, detergent and waste treatment. Although they are also produced by plants and animals, microbes remain the main source of proteases in the world market which mostly derived from Bacillus sp. Aims of this research were to identify isolate BII-1 and study its protease. Analysis of 16Sr RNA sequencing showed the identity of BII-1 as Bacillus subtilis (99% similarity with the same species in GenBank). It was found that protease from BII-1 exhibited optimal temperature and pH of 50 oC and 8-9, respectively. It was activated by Li2+, Na2+, Mg2+ and K+. The degenerated primer for protease gene was designed, and a partial protease gene was amplified from BII-1. The sequencing result showed that this amplified gene shared 100 and 99% similarity with those from Geobacillus thermophiles and Bacillus subtilis in the GenBank, respectively.Keywords: protease, bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus thermophylus
The Image of the Social Future of the Young People in Industrial Region (in the Context of the Volgograd and Sverdlovsk Regions)
Authors: Didkovskaya Yana , Dulina Nadezda , Trynov Dmitriy
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the results of the study of the image of the social future of young people considered by the authors as a set of social expectations, ideals and ideas of the younger generation about the prospects of society as a whole and their own opportunities to be realized in it. The conclusions of the article are based on the results of a sociological survey of young people implemented by the authors in the period from May to August 2018 at the enterprises of two major industrial regions of Russia – the Volgograd and Sverdlovsk regions. More than 600 young employees of industrial enterprises (aged not older than 30 years) of high-tech sectors of the economy – engineering, rocket science, aircraft engineering, metallurgy industry and IT were interviewed by the survey method on the Google Form platform. A comparative analysis of the estimates of young people in these regions showed general trends in the formation of the image of the social future, typical for both regions, as well as regional features. The authors state that a significant part of young people in the studied regions, rather negatively assess the current situation in various social spheres and adheres to pessimistic attitudes about the possible social future. The study reveals that the youth of the Sverdlovsk region in comparison with the Volgograd youth critically assess the likely social future. Besides, divergence of expectations of the Sverdlovsk youth with its public ideal is recorded. The young people of the Volgograd region with a rather negative assessment of the situation, almost as critical as the youth of the Sverdlovsk region, expect favorable changes to a greater extent in the near future. Summarizing the results of the study the authors focus on the imbalance between the social ideal and social expectations of young people in industrial regions as a dangerous trend fraught with increased radicalism and protest moods among young people.
“Take Everything from Life...”: the Discourse of Russian Parents about Children’s Video Games
Authors: Orekh Ekaterina , Bogomyagkova Elena
Published: March 2019

The study reveals the analysis of the discourse of St. Petersburg parents for their ideas about children's computer games. The focus of our attention was the settings that underlie the strategies of regulation of these game practices by adults. The empirical base of the study was a series of semi-structured interviews with parents of children under ten years of age with different social characteristics (gender, age, nature and level of education, income), whose children play video games, and for various reasons are not involved in this process. Interviews were conducted in St. Petersburg in 2016-2017. According to the results obtained, the prohibition or permission of games on the computer, as well as the frequency of access to the gadget and the type of gaming activity (educational – entertaining) are based on two key ideas. The first can be referred to as the idea of "fullness of life", and the second, respectively, as the idea of "quality of life". The idea of "fullness of life" is based on such ideas about the world, when the main value is the diversity of activities, the saturation of life with events. The idea of "quality of life" is based on the value of in-depth development of a particular activity, which is currently considered as an important, significant. As the analysis showed, Russian parents use both ideas in the argument of both permission and prohibition of children's video games, but do not mix them in justifying their own decisions and actions. We also assume that the idea of "quality of life" has a deep history and has been popular for several decades, while the idea of "fullness of life" characterizes the discourse of the modern dynamic and changeable consumer society.