bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTINUING THE CONVERSATION: THE CHOICE BETWEEN ADOPTION AND FOSTER CARE AS CHILD PROTECTION RESPONSES
Authors: Bonfili Leah
Published: December 2016

This article seeks to expand the conversation started in the primary article by Stephen Gay in this volume entitled ‘The Choice Between Adoption and Foster Care as Child Protection Responses’. It discusses the need for stability and permanence of care arrangements for children and young people living in out-of-home care in Part II before moving on in Part III to consider the option of widening the choice of care arrangements to better meet their needs. The importance of listening to the voices of children and young people and giving them a say in where they live and how they are cared for is also explored in Part IV.
The Limits of Criminal Law And Justice ‘Revenge Porn’ Criminalisation, Hybrid Responses, And The Ideal Victim
Authors: Kirchengast Tyrone
Published: December 2016

This comment is a response to Alyse Dickson’s article in this volume entitled ‘Revenge Porn: A Victim Focused Response’. Part I considers the challenges that ‘revenge pornography’ raises and considers the difficulties of controlling aberrant sexualised conduct in circumstances where modern technology provides an almost limitless capacity to capture and distribute private images. Part II looks at the wider socio-cultural context, the gendered and sexualised assumptions of hetero-normativity and warns of the risks of overlooking ‘hidden’ individuals or groups that do not align with normative discourses of the ideal victim.
Child Abuse And Neglect: Mandatory Reporting and the Legal Profession
Authors: Deverson Vanessa
Published: December 2016

Child abuse and neglect affects approximately 42 500 children in Australia each year. Parliaments in all Australian states and territories have introduced mandatory reporting into child protection legislation to protect vulnerable children by requiring certain individuals to report suspicions of abuse or neglect. However, lawyers are prevented from reporting because of the rules governing legal professional privilege and confidentiality. This article begins by examining the problem of child abuse and neglect in Australia and outlines the current legislative framework of mandatory reporting laws in Part II. Part III discusses the current rules governing lawyers and examines legal professional privilege and the duty of confidentiality. Part IV provides arguments for and against requiring lawyers to report suspected abuse and also considers the lawyer-client relationship and the special position of domestic violence victims. Part V offers recommendations for the proposed legislative reform. This article concludes that lawyers should be required to report child abuse and neglect.
Pink Wigs, Bearded Nuns and Budding Anthropologists: Issues of Transformation and Self-making in and around Edinburgh Drag Culture
Authors: Diry Hannah , Duberti Gaia
Published: December 2016

No abstract
Anthropole-ogy: The (Re)creation of Female Bodies Through Pole-dancing
Authors: Anstock Clare Victoria , Grant Hazel , Mukherji Diva
Published: December 2016

No abstract
"Look at those Double D's!"
Authors: Grant Hazel
Published: December 2016

No Abstract
Letting the Rhythm Move You
Authors: Eribake Adeola
Published: December 2016

This piece was written as a creative writing exercise for a tutorial during the Ethnography: Theory and Practice course. I was trying to create a compelling ethnographic hook to introduce our longer group project based on fieldwork carried out in a 5Rhythms class in Edinburgh.
Editorial
Authors: Fernandes Ana Cristina , Lira José
Published: December 2016

Editorial - Volume 18 | Número 2 (maio/ago. 2016).
Ambivalências de práticas espaciais auto-organizadas em disputas pela democratização da produção do espaço
Authors: Milagres Lígia
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as ambivalências de práticas espaciais auto-organizadas em situações de disputa pela democratização da produção do espaço urbano. Tendo em vista o papel dessas práticas na construção de uma democracia urbana radical, o texto analisa o processo de decisão sobre o espaço do antigo aeroporto Tempelhof (Berlim). São postos em relevo, para esse caso, alguns aspectos do conflito entre práticas auto-organizadas e planejamento institucional no contexto neoliberal. Conclui-se que, apesar dos entraves, essas práticas contribuem para ampliar as condições de discussão, decisão e ação coletiva de moradores urbanos. A análise desse tipo de conflito pode informar a crítica do planejamento urbano, assim como a imaginação de processos e instrumentos que facilitem a expansão do campo de ação dos moradores urbanos.
Corporate governance and intellectual capital disclosure
Authors: Whiting Rosalind H. , Birch Georgia Y.
Published: December 2016

This study examines whether facets of corporate governance (board size, proportion of independent directors on the board, board committees, and Big 4 auditor) promote the voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital in annual reports in Australia and New Zealand and whether this is country dependent. Data was collected from OSIRIS and annual reports with disclosure detected through a rigorous electronic word search approach. Statistical testing with OLS regression followed. The presence of nomination committees and a majority of independent directors on the board were found to be significant positive predictors of intellectual capital disclosure in both countries, and larger board sizes in Australian companies enhanced intellectual capital disclosure. These results concur with resource dependency and stakeholder theoretical arguments.
The potential positive effects of captive insurance companies on efficiency and moral hazard within a group of companies
Authors: Weterings Wim
Published: December 2016

Captive insurance companies are ‘in-house’ (re)insurance companies formed with the specific objective of insuring the risks of their parent company and/or its affiliated companies. This alternative form of risk management is potentially or in fact an efficient means through which large listed or a group of companies other companies or a group of companies can protect themselves financially. In the process, the parent company has more control over how risks are insured and claims are managed. The parent company also has more insight into and is able to exercise more influence on the behaviour of the insured companies and their affiliates and therefore on the insured risks, as a result of which moral hazard is lower. There’s also a positive influence on the problem of adverse selection. Insurance law and regulatory legislation, to which captives are also subject, also play an important role in the mitigation of moral hazard. An insurance captive can have important efficiency effects, but is not suitable for every company. The company to be insured must have sufficient financial buffers and a serious premium volume for a captive to be able to increase the prosperity of a company. The start-up costs are high, there are operational costs and the captive must comply with the same regulatory and financial requirements as regular insurance or reinsurance companies. European insurance regulatory legislation is very strict for direct writing captives, but this does benefit the quality of the captives and the risk management policy pursued and prevents captives from being misused.
Ownership structure and firm performance: a longitudinal study in Malaysia
Authors: Abdulsamad Abdulkader Omer , Wan Yusoff Wan Fauziah
Published: December 2016

Highly concentrated ownership structure is a common feature in most developing countries including Malaysia. Such feature contributed to a significant decline in many performance indicators during the Asian financial crisis 1997/98. The main purpose of this paper is to explore developments in ownership structure and firm performance of Malaysian listed companies and their impact on firm performance. A quantitative approach was adopted to collect secondary data from annual reports of 369 listed Malaysia companies that are exist over the period of 2003 to 2013. In this study ownership structure has been measured using three indicators; the government ownership, local nominee and foreign nominee. While return on asset (ROA) and earnings per share (EPS) were the two criteria used to measure firm performance. The results of the study revealed that there are not much changes in the ownership structure and firm performance in Malaysia over the period of 2002 to 2013. It can be concluded economic development of the country does not much influence the ownership structure of listed companies in Malaysia..
Determinants of capital adequacy at the Egyptian investors compensation fund
Authors: Saad Ahmed , Elsayed Mahmoud
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the protection system of investors in the Egyptian stock markets, using a number of econometric techniques and hand-collected data of Egyptian Investor Protection Fund over the period from 2006 to 2014. We measure the capital adequacy through two variables, which may be a benchmark in it selves or can be compared to similar regimes at developed stock markets, these variables are: the fund reserves as a percentage of market capitalisations and fund reserves available to compensate owners of the market capitalisations, which in turn depend upon the number of customers accounts subject to compensations, number of the market portfolio owners, the value of the investor securities account at every compensation fund member, number of stock traders, number of listed shares and number of transactions. Overall, there is significant positive coefficient/relationship between market capitalisation, retained earnings and reserve. However, there is significant negative coefficient/relationship between Number of listed companies and fund reserves capital.
Leadership models for a good governance. insights from some exemplary Italian cases
Authors: Baldo Mara Del
Published: December 2016

The paper addresses the theme of responsible and good governance founded on a moral and ethical-based leadership approach. Firstly, the work describes the theoretical framework paying specific attention to ethical leadership theories, responsible leadership and governance. Subsequently it presents the first results of an empirical analysis centered on exemplary case-studies relative to Italian companies, which are included among the best performing ones and have for years built a responsible orientation in their mission and governance models. Findings underline how coherent leadership models based on a positive moral perspective, authenticity, and integrity act in promoting a cultural reorientation inside and outside the company, valorizing relationships with stakeholders, favoring trust and fairness in the interactions with employees and collaborators, and allowing to establish effective models of governance based on the sharing of information, openness and democratic participation
Ownership structure and corporate diversification decision: a study of Vietnamese listed firms
Authors: Phung Duc Nam , Nguyet Phan Thi Bich , Hoa Nguyen Thi Lien , Vy Le Thi Phuong
Published: December 2016

This research examines the impact of the ownership structure on corporate diversification decision of listed firms in Vietnam over the period of 2007 and 2012. The empirical results from logit model show that while state ownership has positive impact on corporate diversification decisions of the firms, foreign ownership has negative impact on corporate diversification decision of the firms. This implies that government ownership tends to encourage corporate diversification strategy, while foreign ownership may plays monitoring role and discourage corporate diversification strategy in emerging market context.
Value, governance and foreign shareholding in Brazilian companies
Authors: Simoes Natalia , Carvalhal da Silva Andre
Published: December 2016

This study aims to identify the characteristics of Brazilian listed companies that have foreign investors. The purpose is to examine whether such companies have higher performance and valuation and better corporate governance. We study 215 listed companies from 2001 to 2012, and find that there is a significant relationship between the presence of foreign investors and higher firm valuation, higher profitability and better corporate governance.
“Integrated” public groups: insights on boundaries and divestment opportunities
Authors: Zarone Vincenzo , Patuelli Alessia , Lazzini Simone
Published: December 2016

This paper analyses recent tendencies of managing public real estate and public stake-holdings in a sample of Italian municipalities. The data, retrieved from the Italian Ministry of Interior (Central Department of Local Finances), has been analysed to understand if the local public group, intended in a wider sense and including both subsidiaries and real estate property, is changed over time, in terms of size and composition. The first results show that there has not been adequate divestment to postulate on a general reduction of the boundaries of the “Integrated” Public Groups.
New evidences on determinants of capital structure from the Indian manufacturing industry
Authors: Sethi Pradeepta , Tiwari Ranjit
Published: December 2016

In the backdrop of Make in India push by Indian government the purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of capital structure towards a better understanding of ﬁnancing decisions to be undertaken by the Indian manufacturing firms. The data for the analysis is drawn from COSPI manufacturing index of Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). Our sample is an unbalanced panel of 1077 firms over the period 2000-01 to 2012-13. We apply system-GMM to study different factors that affect the leverage decision of firms in India. The findings of the study reveals that the choice of optimal capital structure can be influenced by factors such as profitability, size, growth, tangibility, non-debt tax shields, uniqueness and signal. We also find the existence of both pecking order theory and static trade-off theory in the case of Indian manufacturing firms. The results thus obtained are robust across the different proxies of leverage
A structural approach to financial stability: On the beneficial role of regulatory governance
Authors: Mohr Benjamin , Wagner Helmut
Published: December 2016

This paper examines whether the governance of regulatory agencies – regulatory governance – is positively related to financial sector soundness. We model regulatory governance and financial stability as latent variables, using a structural equation modeling approach. We include a broad range of variables potentially relevant to financial stability, employing aggregate regulatory, banking and financial, macroeconomic and institutional environment data for a sample of 55 countries over a period from 2001 to 2005. Given the growing importance of macro-prudential analysis, we use the IMF’s financial soundness indicators, a relatively new body of economic statistics which focuses on the banking sector as a whole. Our empirical evidence indicates that regulatory governance has a beneficial influence on financial stability. Thus, our findings support the view that the improvement of regulatory governance arrangements should be a building block of financial reform
Characteristics of regulatory regimes
Authors: Veggeland Noralv
Published: December 2016

The overarching theme of this paper is institutional analysis of basic characteristics of regulatory regimes. The concepts of path dependence and administrative traditions are used throughout. Self-reinforcing or positive feedback processes in political systems represent a basic framework. The empirical point of departure is the EU public procurement directive linked to OECD data concerning use of outsourcing among member states. The question is asked: What has caused the Nordic countries, traditionally not belonging to the Anglo-Saxon market-centred administrative tradition, to be placed so high on the ranking as users of the Market-Type Mechanism (MTM) of outsourcing in the public sector vs. in-house provision of services? A thesis is that the reason may be complex, but might be found in an innovative Scandinavian regulatory approach rooted in the Nordic model.
Research of components of the system of bank deposit management
Authors: Shelyuk Asiyat Ashurbekovna
Published: December 2016

The article proves the necessity to study the components of the system deposit management in a bank. It is defined methods and techniques to attract funds from deposit sources, which play a crucial role in the formation of resources and bank’s position on the deposit market.
Linear and nonlinear determinants of the performance of informal venture capitalists’ investments. An empirical analysis
Authors: Capizzi Vincenzo
Published: December 2016

This paper is aimed at identifying and analyzing the contribution of the major drivers of the performance of informal venture capitalists’ investments. This study analyzes data on Italian transactions and personal features of Italian Business Angels gathered during 2007 – 2011 with the support of IBAN (Italian Business Angels Network). The econometric analysis investigates the returns of business angels’ investments and their major determinants (industry, exit strategy, experience, holding period, rejection rate, and year of divestiture). The major results are the followings: 1) differently from previous literature, the relationship between Experience and IRR is quadratic and significant; 2) for the first time, is confirmed by quantitative data that short Holding period (below 3 years) earn a lower IRR; 3) the Rejection rate is logarithmic and the impact on IRR is positive and significant. Finally, the outcomes of the empirical analysis performed in this study allow identifying new and concrete insights on possible policy interventions.
CSR – more than corporate storytelling?
Authors: Braendle Udo , Mozghovyi Yaroslav
Published: December 2016

Since the subject of corporate social responsibility (CSR) gained sufficient attention of the researchers over the last 25 years, numerous attempts were globally made to examine the nature of the relationship between the corporate social responsibility of company and its financial performance (FP). The literature in this area is scattered, the findings are heterogeneous and do not provide a clear answer if CSR goes beyond corporate storytelling. In our meta-analysis of more than 135 studies we try to bring a structure in this discussion. In analyzing the literature over the last decades we find a strong correlation between CSR and financial performance. Based on our findings we present implications in discussing how “good CSR” can be fostered. We focus on the financial sector.
Building the foundations for a new central bank doctrine: Redefining central banks’ missions in the 21st century
Authors: Pichet Eric
Published: December 2016

The 2007-2008 financial crisis demonstrated both the responsibilities that central bankers, alongside other actors, bear for turbulences of this kind as well as how economics can be used to provide central bankers and governments with the understanding and tools that they need to prevent the international financial system from collapsing. At the same time, central banks’ responses to the crisis have taken monetary policy into unknown territory. The paper’s first section diagnoses good and bad practice in post-crisis central banking; assesses the efficiency of pre-crisis doctrines; and identifies the dangers of actions exceeding certain limits. It specifically focuses on the European Central Bank’s much-debated intervention in certain peripheral bond markets, particularly Greece. The second section is more normative and lays the foundations for a social science perspective of how to manage modern central banks, an approach that draws on a variety of disciplines including economics, governance theory and management. This starts with a definition of the new doctrine and its underlying philosophy, followed by an identification of sound central banking practices (revolving around a few key concepts, notably inflation and financial stability). The missions and objectives of these practices are then defined (along with a choice of indicators), culminating in an exploration of which strategies and tools might be used in both normal and turbulent times. Lastly, a few concrete rules of governance are offered, built on the triptych of central banks’ independence, accountability and composition, with specific focus placed on the process for selecting governors fit to handle the new role that modern central banks are destined to assume in developed countries
The disclosure of enterprise risk management (ERM) information: An overview of Canadian regulations for risk disclosure
Authors: Maingot Michael , Quon Tony , Zeghal Daniel
Published: December 2016

This paper discusses the mandatory risk disclosures in Canada under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). U.S. mandatory accounting disclosures of risk are also briefly examined, since some Canadian companies are cross-listed in the US. Mandatory disclosures of risk under the Basel II and Basel III Accords for the international regulation of banks are discussed as well as the assessment of ERM by Standard & Poor’s. The risk disclosures in the Management Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) section of the annual report prescribed by the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) in National Instrument 51-102 Continuous Disclosure Obligations are examined. Since these risk disclosures are voluntary, the actual disclosures in the MD&A section of the annual report are entirely at the discretion of management subject to effective board oversight.
Military expenditure and the economy of Zimbabwe
Authors: Tsaurai Kunofiwa
Published: December 2016

This study examines the causal relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in Zimbabwe. The causality relationship between government military expenditure and economic growth has so far received attention from many economists, the dominant ones being Wagner (1890) and Keynes (1936). According to literature, there currently exist four perspectives around the causality relationship military expenditure and economic growth. The first perspective by Keynes (1936) suggests that military expenditure spur economic growth whilst the second perspective by Wagner (1890) mentions that economic growth affects military expenditure. The third perspective says both military expenditure and economic growth affects each other whilst the fourth perspective suggests the existence of no causality relationship at all between military expenditure and economic growth. The results of this study proves that military expenditure does not directly influence economic growth whilst economic growth does also not directly influence military expenditure both in the short and long run.
Current issues of international law in regulating counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism
Authors: Bordás Mária
Published: December 2016

The study sheds light on the current tendencies if the international law on warfare can successfully be applied in the practical reality in the progress of counterinsurgency and counterterrorism efforts. There have been two phenomena identified recently in the warfare which are endangering public security and public safety of the democratic states of the world: terrorism and insurgency. Both of them mean a threat and violation to the population and the government authorities. It has been queried in the military literature whether these new forms of warfare should be handled by military engagements or law enforcement. This is, nevertheless, not just a dilemma of the strategy how to combat against it, but should be, at the same time, in accordance with the international legal regulations, too
Operations and quality management for public service delivery improvement
Authors: Mbecke Za-Mulamba Paulin
Published: December 2016

Public service management reforms have not yet contributed to poverty eradication and generally socio-economic development of many African countries. The reforms suggested and implemented to date still prove to be weak in addressing the many challenges faced by the public service in delivering goods and services to the population. The failure of the current public service management calls for a consideration of business-driven approaches and practices that facilitate effectiveness, efficiency, competitiveness and flexibility in goods and services provision. The critical social theory methodology and the literature review technique described and raised awareness on service delivery chaos in South Africa. A public service reform that focuses on operations and quality management is one of the ways of improving and sustaining service delivery in South Africa. Operations management is an essential tool for the planning, execution, control, monitoring and evaluation of production processes. Quality management, in the other hand, is essential to ensure best quality of goods and services produced by the public service within acceptable time and available resources to meet or exceed people’s expectations. The operations and quality management framework proposed in this article is a potential alternative to the current service delivery crisis in South Africa.
Descriptive business intelligence analysis: Cutting edge strategic asset for SMEs, is it really worth it?
Authors: Mashingaidze Sivave
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for understanding and adoption of Business Intelligence by (SMEs) within the Zimbabwean economy. The article explores every facet of Business Intelligence, including internal and external BI as cutting edge strategic asset. A descriptive research methodology has been adopted. The article revealed some BI critical success factors for better BI implementation. Findings revealed that organizations which have the greatest success with BI travel an evolutionary path, starting with basic data and analytical tools and transitioning to increasingly more sophisticated capabilities until BI becomes an intrinsic part of their business culture and ROI is realized. Findings are useful for managers, policy makers, business analysts, and IT specialists in dealing with planning and implementation of BI systems in SMEs.
Condition assessment of steel truss bridge using time frequency domain analysis
Authors: Walia Suresh , Patel Raj , Vinayak Hemant , Parti Raman
Published: December 2016

In the present article the work is carried out on scaled modeled bridge for
condition assessment due to seeded damage. The objective is to find the
location of damage in the steel bridge using vibration signal. For the
differentiation between damage and intact condition, time, frequency domain
analysis has been used. Power spectral density has been applied to the
vibration signal to extract the mode shapes and compare between healthy and
damage state of the modeled. Further, Short Time Fourier Transform gives the
3D visualization of amplification in different mode of vibration which helps
to identify the damage location. Using nodal energy approach, Wavelet Packet
Transform has been used to determine the location of damage, which is
superior than the frequency and time domain analysis parameters.
Antioxidative and antimicrobial potentials of Parmelia saxatilis and Pseudoevernia furfuracea
Authors: Cilerdzic Jasmina , Stajic Mirjana , Vukojevic Jelena
Published: December 2016

Even though numerous lichen species possess significant medical potentials
they are still unexplored, and particularly species and strains originating
from Serbia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the
antioxidative and antimicrobial potential of ethanol extracts of Parmelia
saxatilis and Pseudoevernia furfuracea collected in Serbia. The tested
extracts were good scavengers of DPPH radicals, with capacities ranging from
14.76% to 79.76% in P. saxatilis and from 21.39% to 90.04% in P. furfuracea.
In P. saxatilis level of DPPH? neutralisation was highly correlated with
phenol content (r2 = 0.9981) and in P. furfuracea with amount of total
flavonoides (r2 = 0.9641). The extract of P. furfuracea inhibited the growth
of all tested microorganisms with exception of Aspergillus flavus, while P.
saxatilis extract affected only growth of bacterial species. Among tested
microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most
sensitive, while Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as
micromycetes were the least sensitive to tested extracts. Because of these
potentials and the fact that their long term usage does not have any negative
side effects on organism and development of microbial resistance, the
extracts could be included in conventional therapy.
Physiological and chemical characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) grown in the presence of low salt concentrations
Authors: Danicic Milena , Maksimovic Ivana , Putnik-Delic Marina
Published: December 2016

(Carthamus tinctorius L.) is highly regarded in the world as an aromatic,
spicy, medicinal and oilseed crop, which can be used in all kinds of
industries. It inhabits arid and semiarid areas of the world. The influence
of the relatively low NaCl concentrations found in soils and irrigation
waters on the growth and metabolism of saf?flower, grown under
semi-controlled conditions, was examined in this work. It was found that
increased concentrations of NaCl affected the number of leaves per plant and
dry leaves mass/area ratio. The transpiration intensity was reduced in plants
grown in the presence of NaCl and stomatal diffusive resistance increased
following an increase in NaCl concentration.
Water stage dynamics in Lake Wielki Staw in the Valley of Five Polish Lakes
Authors: Choiński Adam
Published: December 2016

The paper presents an analysis of water stages in Lake Wielki Staw based on observations by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management conducted in the years 1968-1979. Water level (low and high) variability was determined in the annual cycle, together with the variability of annual stages in the analysed 12-year period, and their amplitudes. Moreover, water stage variability trends were identified. Due to the vicinity of Lake Morskie Oko, comparisons of water stages in both lakes were performed for the purpose of determining the degree to which water supply (water stages) is affected by local and climatic factors.
Ecological status of urban ponds in Białystok, Poland
Authors: Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk Elżbieta , Zieliński Piotr , Puczko Katarzyna
Published: December 2016

Stawy Dojlidzkie (The Dojlidy Ponds) are located in the north-eastern part of Poland, near the capital of the Podlasie province, in Białystok. The Dojlidy Ponds (DP) are a complex of more than 20 reservoirs arranged adjacent to one another in an area of about 140 hectares. The largest recreation reservoir (Plażowy) is located within the city limits. Its total area is 34 hectares, it has a capacity of 597 040 m3 and a maximum depth of approximately 2.5 m. DP are supplied by a tributary of the Dojlidy Górne and the River Biała, the principal river of Bialystok. Water tests of a limnic and lenitic character in the upper part of River Biała catchment in Bialystok were conducted from March to October 2014. Referring the obtained results to the actual norms, it can be concluded that most of the parameters analyzed in DP can be assigned to the first class of surface waters. Exceptions were the iron ions, orthophosphates (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), Kjeldahl nitrogen, and also water color and DOC. According to the evaluation of trophic status, the water of DP is eutrophic. The average value of TSI was 55 in the water of the tested objects. The obtained results show that the ecological status of water in the largest pond within the DP complex, in accordance with, the Ecological State Macrophyte Index (ESMI) represent to the good state.
Medieval Women's Guides to Food during Pregnancy: Origins, Texts, and Traditions
Authors: Weiss-Amer Melitta
Published: December 2016

The dietary guidelines contained in medieval Arabic, Latin, and vernacular pregnancy-regimens are analyzed and their origins explored. In their emphasis on eating disorders such as morning-sickness and pica, the texts are shown to follow more closely Greek, Roman, and Byzantine sources than the conservative pregnancy-regimens of Hindu medicine, although medieval Arabic compilers were familiar with both the Eastern and Western tradition. A shift in audience from professional and male to lay and female is observed when the Latin pregnancy-regimens of school medicine are translated into the vernacular and later printed either separately or in conjunction with books on midwifery and gynecology.
Joseph-Albert Baudoin (1875–1962): Professeur d'hygiène
Authors: Desrosiers Georges
Published: December 2016

L'histoire de la carrière professionnelle du docteur Baudoin permet de suivre l'émergence et le développement de la profession de médecin hygiéniste au Québec francophone et de connaître son idéologie, son corps de connaissance, ses pratiques, son organisation professionnelle et ses liens avec le milieu social ambiant, notamment avec le milieu universitaire où s'est déroulée la plus grande partie de sa carrière.
Émergence de l'identité professionnelle chez les infirmières québécoises, 1890–1927
Authors: Cohen Yolande , Bienvenue Louise
Published: December 2016

Inscrite dans un mouvement d’envergure occidentale, la profes-sionnalisation des infirmières au Québec se caractérise par la difficulté de rallier toutes les soignantes à un modèle unique de la profession. C’est une élite d’infirmières anglo-protestantes montréalaises qui initie le mouvement en fondant, en 1895 la Canadian Nurses Association. Ces graduées du Montreal General Hospital sont très actives au sein du mouvement anglo-canadien du nursing. Favorisant le modèle de la «trained nurse» tel que conçu en Angleterre par Florence Nightingale, ces infirmières militent également pour l’enregistrement de la profession, suivant en cela le courant américain.

Les tentatives pour rallier les franco-catholiques a la cause de l'enregistrement revelent a quel point la disparite des koles et des regroupements de meme que les divisions linguistiques et religieuses rendent la tache difficile. L'obtentkh en 1920 de la loi d'enregistrement des infirmihres rie marque pas la fin des conflits. Medecins et infirmieres franco-catholiques tenteront a posteriori, dam une alliance ponctuelle et controvede, d'amender une loi qui les pknalise. Si, dans l'immediat, cette association avec les mkiecins a pu Ctre b6n6fique aux infirmieres franco-catholiques, elle fut au demeurant realisee au prix de leur autonomie professionnelle.
The Professionalization of Canadian Nursing, 1924–32: Views in the CN and the CMAJ
Authors: Kinnear Julia L
Published: December 2016

This article provides an assessment of the attitudes of the nursing and medical elites to the professionalization of nursing in the 1920s, as expressed, respectively, in the Canadian Nurse and the Canadian Medical Association Journal. The material printed in the CN between 1924 and 1932 indicates that the nursing elite perceived three factors inhibiting professional development: the tension between the somewhat incompatible values of professionalism and sacrificing service upon which nursing was based; indifference within the nursing rank-and-file; and opposition from the medical profession. Material printed in the CMAJ in the 1920s indicates that there was opposition within the medical profession to nurses’ attempts to achieve higher standards of education, self-regulation, and more adequate recompense. The medical profession was not, however, unanimous in its opposition to the professional development of nursing. Much of the material printed in the journal on nursing, particularly toward the end of the 1920s, indicates that there existed among doctors a substantial amount of support for nurses’ efforts. This study illustrates that over the course of the 1920s, a number of shifts in political alignments occurred between and among doctors and nurses. As the decade progressed, the medical profession became more supportive of nurses’ efforts to professionalize; simultaneously, the nursing leadership drew further away from the rank-and-file nurses and placed itself in closer alliance with the supportive segment of the medical profession.
Nursing History at the Graduate Level: State of the Art
Authors: Ross Kerr Janet C
Published: December 2016

In a professional discipline which has at its core a service founded upon a body of knowledge and associated skills, responsibilities for research and scholarship are commonly thought to be critical to developing and improving nursing practice. The scope of knowledge required in nursing with its scientific and humanitarian aspects underscores “the need for philosophical and historical scholars in nursing who can ask crucial questions from the perspective of nursing.” Substantial commitment within the profession to examining theoretical and clinical problems from a variety of perspectives in order to enhance and encourage disciplinary development is therefore essential. Nursing history must be considered as indispensable to appropriate understanding of clinical and theoretical questions in the profession as it is to a broader understanding of the development of the profession locally, nationally, and internationally.
Writing Nursing History in Canada: Issues and Approaches
Authors: McPherson Kathryn , Stuart Meryn
Published: December 2016

Should the history of nursing be presented as part of medical history? Twenty years ago the answer would have been “yes.” Nurses writing about their collective past shared with physician-historians an interest in questions of professionalization, elite institutions (especially hospitals), higher education, dynamic and respected leaders, and interpretive frameworks that often affirmed the profession’s achievements. For these reasons, nursing was often treated as a subset of medicine, an important, although often less important in its own right, adjunct to the reform of the hospital and the rise of scientific medicine.
The Canadian Revolution in the Management of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Tremblay Mary
Published: December 2016

During World War II new programs for medical treatment and rehabilitation reduced mortality rates following spinal cord injury from over 80 percent in World War I to below 10 percent by 1946. In Canada a group of physicians, veterans, and civilians developed one of the first comprehensive sets of programs and services to permit the return of veterans with spinal cord injury to independent life in the community, beyond the confines of hospitals or paraplegic colonies. This article reviews the activities of Dr. E. Harry Botterell, Lieutenant John Counsell, and Dr. Al Jousse in the development of a Canadian approach that revolutionized the life experiences and life expectancy of individuals with spinal cord injury. It describes the development of their philosophy of rehabilitation as well as the programs and services they established at the No. 1 Canadian Neurological Hospital in England, and at Christie Street Military Hospital, Lyndhurst Lodge, and the Canadian Paraplegic Association in Canada.
The Portrait of Robert Kerr (d. 1824)
Authors: Roland Charles G.
Published: December 2016

The importance of Dr. Robert Kerr in Canadian history is not large, but he played a significant role in the early years of what is now Ontario. Though his Canadian years were spent largely in active military service and, after his discharge, at Kingston and in the Niagara peninsula, nevertheless, in the compact and sparse settlements and posts of the times he was widely known and influential. Moreover, Kerr had a significant connection with one of the founders of Toronto. As this discussion will show, a fateful conjunction of art and medicine lies behind a portrait of Robert Kerr.
Taste Sets the Price: Mead, Askew,and the Birth of Bibliomania in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Potter Paul
Published: December 2016

Three of the most important libraries sold during the first 100 years of English book auctions belonged to doctors. By examining the contents of these sales and the prices achieved in them, I hope to be able to throw some light on the extent and expertise of English book collecting by physicians to discover the principles that governed book values through this period, and to illustrate how three prominent medical men’s libraries fitted into the century's wider cultural development.
The Osler Club of London, 1928–38: Young Medical Gentlemen, Their Heroes, Liberal Education, Books, and Other Matters
Authors: Lella Joseph W
Published: December 2016

This study focuses on the interpretation of the Oslerian legacy reflected in the activities and intellectual emphases of the Osler Club of London during its first 10 years. It argues that the founders and early members of the Club were neophytes in a medical elite, pursuing ideals which were congenial to a subgroup of that elite and in which the Club members had been raised and educated. These ideals may be summed up in the expression “the nineteenth-century, British medical gentleman.” Sir William Osler was chosen as patron of the Club because he exemplified important aspects of these ideals. However, in its orientation toward the “British medical gentleman,” reflecting the gentility of Osier—including his concern for people, his commitment to teaching, his loyalty to students and medical colleagues, and his interest in the history of medicine, its books, and the broader humanities—the Club missed an important dimension of the Oslerian legacy: an interest in the social institutions and responsibilities of medicine. Finally, this study shows that perhaps the most influential Club founder, A. W. Franklin, in his later life expanded his own vision of medicine to include and even go beyond this latter dimension of the Oslerian legacy.
Identifying a Family Heirloom: The Indian Doctor’s Dispensatory
Authors: Otto Stephen
Published: December 2016

For over a century and a half a small book of pharmacological interest has been passed down within my family. Leather-bound in what may be sextodecimo format, it contains nearly 200 prescriptions for botanical remedies and descriptions of curative roots, leaves, barks, and berries found in eastern North America. References in the text suggest it was published in the United States in the second or third decade of the nineteenth century. The title page is missing, however, as are the table of contents, the preface, most of the introduction, and a few pages of text. Consequently, the author’s name, title, place, and date of publication remained a mystery for more than 35 years after the book was given to me by an elderly aunt who had found it in a bookcase in her farmhouse in Ontario’s Ottawa Valley. Recent investigation has now established not only its identity, but its bibliographical significance as well. At first thought to be a copy of Peter Smith's The Indian Doctor’s Dispensatory, our book now appears to be an even rarer work incorporating Smith’s under a slightly different title: The Indian Doctor’s Dispensatory, or Every Man His Own Physician, published in New York state in 1833.
Life Writing in Medical History
Authors: Connor Jennifer J
Published: December 2016

According to some, the biography represents an outmoded form of history. On the other hand, recent favoring of the term “life writing” over “biography” would suggest that historians have simply reinvented the genre to render it more academically respectable. To consider the place and value of biography in medical history today, two well-known authors, Michael Bliss and Jacalyn Duffin, met in December 1993 to converse about their experience writing and publishing medical biographies.
Crusading for the Forgotten: Dr. Peter Bryce, Public Health, and Prairie Native Residential Schools
Authors: Sproule-Jones Megan
Published: December 2016

This article examines the rise of the public health movement and its impact on native affairs in Canada at the turn of the century. It focuses on the efforts of Peter Bryce, Chief Medical Officer for the Departments of the Interior and Indian Affairs, to improve conditions in native schools and on reserves. In 1907, Bryce released his controversial Report on the Indian Schools of Manitoba and the North West Territories, revealing that 24 percent of all native residential school students had died of tuberculosis. Believing firmly that the state was responsible for promoting the health and welfare of its people, Bryce insisted that the federal government address this high death rate. His tireless crusade on behalf of the native population demonstrated the extent to which native affairs were influenced by the broader social, political, and economic agendas of the day, and anticipated the federal government's changing role in social services following World War.
The Middle-class Plague: Epidemic Polio and the Canadian State, 1936–37
Authors: Rutty Christopher J
Published: December 2016

During the pre-Salk era, paralytic poliomyelitis was one of the most feared diseases of twentieth-century North America. This perception, held most strongly by the middle class—polio's principal target—shaped a unique Canadian response to it based on comprehensive, standardized, and unconditional programs of "state medicine" at the provincial level. Of Canada's four major waves of provincial polio epidemics, the second struck Ontario to an unprecedented degree in 1937, generating a similarly unprecedented response from the Ontario government in its control, treatment, hospitalization, and aftercare measures. As this article discusses, the severity of this epidemic led the provincial, and other Canadian public health authorities, to face a central question: How far should governments be compelled to go to ensure the advantages of modem treatment for their people? This article helps place the social impact of, and political and scientific response to, epidemic polio within the context of Canada's evolving public health and state medicine infrastructure at the time.
Un iatrochimiste du Bas-Canada: François Blanchet et les Recherches sur la médecine ou application de la chimie à la médecine
Authors: Castonguay Stéphane
Published: December 2016

François Blanchet occupe une place centrale à l'intérieur de l'histoire de la médecine au Bas-Canada. Personnage clé du processus de professionalisation des médecins canadiens-français, Blanchet est aussi un des premiers Canadiens à avoir étudié à l'étranger. Lors de son séjour à New York où il poursuivait ses études à la faculté de médecine du Collège Columbia, il publia un livre intitulé Recherches sur la médecine ou application de la chimie à la médecine. L'historiographie de la médecine au Canada, qui cite fréquemment cet ouvrage et le présente comme l'un des premiers écrits médicaux canadiens, n'en a toutefois pas exploré le contenu scientifique. Notre article porte spécifiquement sur les aspects médico-chimiques de l'oeuvre de Blanchet. Influencé par la révolution lavoisienne en chimie, Blanchet élabora dans son livre un système où l'étiologie et la thérapeutique reposaient sur deux nouveaux éléments de la nomenclature des chimistes français, l'oxygène et le calorique. Après un examen du système médico-chimique de Blanchet, nous comparerons les Recherches sur la médecine avec des écrits médicaux de contemporains américains et européens qui s'inspiraient aussi de la doctrine pneumatique des chimistes français.
The York Factory Medical Journals, 1846–52
Authors: Decker Jody F
Published: December 2016

The York Factory medical journals are the only surviving medical ledgers in the 200-year history of the Hudson's Bay Company, written by two physicians posted at one of the Company's largest and pre-eminent posts, York Factory. The daily journals offer us a unique glimpse, albeit for a seven-year span from 1846 to 1852, into the incidence and prevalence, duration, severity, treatment, outcomes, and seasonality of illness and disease. Occupations are noted, as are age and gender, in many of the entries. There are a total of 1,653 cases seen by the two physicians over the time period, 5 percent of which are Native. Several women were seen by the physicians, primarily for gynecological disorders. Gastro-intestinal disorders were a major source of morbidity at this time and place.