bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Assessments of Student Learning in Undergraduate Aerospace Propulsion and Power Courses
Authors: Rouser Kurt P.
Published: August 2017

A purposeful approach has been taken to match teaching pedagogies (techniques), learning experiences, and assessment methods to various types of students learning in undergraduate aerospace propulsion courses at the junior-level at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) and senior-level at Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK. Prior studies in the scholarship of teaching and learning have shown the benefits of matching assessment methods, as well as teaching pedagogies and learning experiences, to the types of students learning associated with desired educational outcomes. Literature suggests the best method for teaching and assessing student’ cognitive learning is through explanation and presentation. Oral assessments have been implemented at the Air Force Academy and Oklahoma State University to evaluate students' cognitive learning in undergraduate aerospace propulsion and power courses. An oral midterm exam was performed to assess students' acquisition knowledge and understanding of fundamental concepts, the type of learning occurring early in course lesson sequences. End-of-semester design project poster sessions and presentations served as summative oral assessments of students' creative thinking, decision making, and professional judgment. Conversely, two written midterm exams and a final exam primarily focused on assessing students' problem solving skills and less on comprehensive knowledge. Oral assessments also served as reflective thinking experiences that reinforced student learning. Student feedback on oral assessment methods was collected through surveys conducted after each assessment. Survey results not only revealed the effectiveness of using oral assessments but also on how to improve their design and implementation, including the use of information technology (IT) and broader curricular employment.
Life table parameters and development of Neoseiulus longispinosus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) reared on citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) at different temperatures
Authors: Tung Nguyen Duc , HUYEN LUONG THI , LAN DANG HUONG , CHI CAO VAN , DE CLERCQ PATRICK , DINH NGUYEN VAN
Published: August 2017

Development time, survival, reproduction, and sex ratio were determined for the predatory mite Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans) at six constant temperatures (20, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5 and 35 oC) reared on citrus red spider mite Panonychus citri (McGregor). No predatory mite reached adulthood at 35oC. All female and male immature stages of N. longispinosus developed significantly faster as the temperature increased from 20to 30 oC, but development slowed down as the temperature exceeded 30 oC. The mean total developmental time of females was longest at 20 °C (9.73 days), followed by 25oC (5.67 days), 27.5oC (4.46 days), and 32.5 oC (4.55 days) and was shortest at 30oC (3.69 days). The oviposition rate and lifetime fecundity were highest at 27.5 oC (2.80 eggs/female/day and 43.76 eggs/female, respectively) and lowest at 20 oC (0.78 eggs/female/day and 21.64 eggs/female, respectively). However, temperature had no influence on the sex ratio of offspring with the proportion of females ranging from 0.62 to 0.65. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) of N. longispinosus averaged 0.323, 0.303, 0.267, 0.189 and 0.107 females female−1 day−1 at 30, 27.5, 32.5, 25, and 20°C, respectively. These values suggested that the most optimal temperatures for the population growth of N. longispinosus were between 27.5 and 30oC.
Response to Comment on “How will induced seismicity in Oklahoma respond to decreased saltwater injection rates?”
Authors: Langenbruch Cornelius , Zoback Mark D.
Published: August 2017

Earthquake rates in Oklahoma confirm our forecasted response of induced seismicity to reduced saltwater injection rates.
Determination of Disk Diffusion and MIC Quality Control Guidelines for High-Dose Cefepime-Tazobactam (WCK 4282), a Novel Antibacterial Combination Consisting of a β-Lactamase Inhibitor and a Fourth-Generation Cephalosporin
Authors: Riedel Stefan , Huband Michael D. , Sader Helio S. , Flamm Robert K. , Jones Ronald N.
Published: August 2017

High-dose cefepime-tazobactam (1:1; WCK 4282), a novel antibacterial combination consisting of the β-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam and a fourth-generation cephalosporin, is under clinical development for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections. A quality control (QC) study was performed to establish disk diffusion and MIC ranges for cefepime-tazobactam for multiple QC reference strains. The cefepime-tazobactam QC ranges for a fixed tazobactam MIC of 8 μg/ml and disk diffusion (30/20-μg disk) test methods were approved by the CLSI Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in January 2015 and January 2016. These QC ranges will be important for accurate
in vitro
activity evaluations of cefepime-tazobactam when tested against clinical Gram-negative bacteria during clinical studies and routine patient care.
No Substantial Evidence for Sexual Transmission of Minority HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Chaillon Antoine , Nakazawa Masato , Wertheim Joel O. , Little Susan J. , Smith Davey M. , Mehta Sanjay R. , Gianella Sara
Published: August 2017

During primary HIV infection, the presence of minority drug resistance mutations (DRM) may be a consequence of sexual transmission,
de novo
mutations, or technical errors in identification. Baseline blood samples were collected from 24 HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive, genetically and epidemiologically linked source and recipient partners shortly after the recipient's estimated date of infection. An additional 32 longitudinal samples were available from 11 recipients. Deep sequencing of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) was performed (Roche/454), and the sequences were screened for nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor DRM. The likelihood of sexual transmission and persistence of DRM was assessed using Bayesian-based statistical modeling. While the majority of DRM (>20%) were consistently transmitted from source to recipient, the probability of detecting a minority DRM in the recipient was not increased when the same minority DRM was detected in the source (Bayes factor [BF] = 6.37). Longitudinal analyses revealed an exponential decay of DRM (BF = 0.05) while genetic diversity increased. Our analysis revealed no substantial evidence for sexual transmission of minority DRM (BF = 0.02). The presence of minority DRM during early infection, followed by a rapid decay, is consistent with the “mutation-selection balance” hypothesis, in which deleterious mutations are more efficiently purged later during HIV infection when the larger effective population size allows more efficient selection. Future studies using more recent sequencing technologies that are less prone to single-base errors should confirm these results by applying a similar Bayesian framework in other clinical settings.

IMPORTANCE
The advent of sensitive sequencing platforms has led to an increased identification of minority drug resistance mutations (DRM), including among antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-infected individuals. While transmission of DRM may impact future therapy options for newly infected individuals, the clinical significance of the detection of minority DRM remains controversial. In the present study, we applied deep-sequencing techniques within a Bayesian hierarchical framework to a cohort of 24 transmission pairs to investigate whether minority DRM detected shortly after transmission were the consequence of (i) sexual transmission from the source, (ii)
de novo
emergence shortly after infection followed by viral selection and evolution, or (iii) technical errors/limitations of deep-sequencing methods. We found no clear evidence to support the sexual transmission of minority resistant variants, and our results suggested that minor resistant variants may emerge
de novo
shortly after transmission, when the small effective population size limits efficient purge by natural selection.
Pseudorabies Virus dUTPase UL50 Induces Lysosomal Degradation of Type I Interferon Receptor 1 and Antagonizes the Alpha Interferon Response
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xu Aotian , Qin Chao , Zhang Qiong , Chen Shifan , Lang Yue , Wang Mengdong , Li Chuang , Feng Wenhai , Zhang Rui , Jiang Zhengfan , Tang Jun
Published: August 2017

Alphaherpesviruses that establish persistent infections rely partly on their ability to evade host antiviral responses, notably the type I interferon (IFN) response. However, the mechanisms employed by alphaherpesviruses to avoid this response are not well understood. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically important pathogen and a useful model system for studying alphaherpesvirus biology. To identify PRV proteins that antagonize type I IFN signaling, we performed a screen by using an IFN-stimulated response element reporter in the swine cell line CRL. Unexpectedly, we identified the dUTPase UL50 as a strong inhibitor. We confirmed that UL50 has the ability to inhibit type I IFN signaling by performing ectopic expression of UL50 in cells and deletion of UL50 in PRV. Mechanistically, UL50 impeded type I IFN-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, likely by accelerating lysosomal degradation of IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1). In addition, this UL50 activity was independent of its dUTPase activity and required amino acids 225 to 253 in the C-terminal region. The UL50 encoded by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) also possessed similar activity. Moreover, UL50-deleted PRV was more susceptible to IFN than UL50-proficient PRV. Our results suggest that in addition to its dUTPase activity, the UL50 protein of alphaherpesviruses possesses the ability to suppress type I IFN signaling by promoting lysosomal degradation of IFNAR1, thereby contributing to immune evasion. This finding reveals UL50 as a potential antiviral target.

IMPORTANCE
Alphaherpesviruses can establish lifelong infections and cause many diseases in humans and animals. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a swine alphaherpesvirus that threatens pig production. Using PRV as a model, we found that this alphaherpesvirus could utilize its encoded dUTPase UL50 to induce IFNAR1 degradation and inhibit type I IFN signaling in an enzymatic activity-independent manner. Our finding reveals a mechanism employed by an alphaherpesvirus to evade the immune response and indicates that UL50 is an important viral protein in pathogenesis and is a potential target for antiviral drug development.
Ancient Evolution and Dispersion of Human Papillomavirus 58 Variants
Authors: Chen Zigui , Ho Wendy C. S. , Boon Siaw Shi , Law Priscilla T. Y. , Chan Martin C. W. , DeSalle Rob , Burk Robert D. , Chan Paul K. S.
Published: August 2017

Human papillomavirus 58 (HPV58) is found in 10 to 18% of cervical cancers in East Asia but is rather uncommon elsewhere. The distribution and oncogenic potential of HPV58 variants appear to be heterogeneous, since the E7 T20I/G63S variant is more prevalent in East Asia and confers a 7- to 9-fold-higher risk of cervical precancer and cancer. However, the underlying genomic mechanisms that explain the geographic and carcinogenic diversity of HPV58 variants are still poorly understood. In this study, we used a combination of phylogenetic analyses and bioinformatics to investigate the deep evolutionary history of HPV58 complete genome variants. The initial splitting of HPV58 variants was estimated to occur 478,600 years ago (95% highest posterior density [HPD], 391,000 to 569,600 years ago). This divergence time is well within the era of speciation between
Homo sapiens
and Neanderthals/Denisovans and around three times longer than the modern
Homo sapiens
divergence times. The expansion of present-day variants in Eurasia could be the consequence of viral transmission from Neanderthals/Denisovans to non-African modern human populations through gene flow. A whole-genome sequence signature analysis identified 3 amino acid changes, 16 synonymous nucleotide changes, and a 12-bp insertion strongly associated with the E7 T20I/G63S variant that represents the A3 sublineage and carries higher carcinogenetic potential. Compared with the capsid proteins, the oncogenes E7 and E6 had increased substitution rates indicative of higher selection pressure. These data provide a comprehensive evolutionary history and genomic basis of HPV58 variants to assist further investigation of carcinogenic association and the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

IMPORTANCE
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are an ancient and heterogeneous group of double-stranded DNA viruses that preferentially infect the cutaneous and mucocutaneous epithelia of vertebrates. Persistent infection by specific oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs), including HPV58, has been established as the primary cause of cervical cancer. In this work, we reveal the complex evolutionary history of HPV58 variants that explains the heterogeneity of oncogenic potential and geographic distribution. Our data suggest that HPV58 variants may have coevolved with archaic hominins and dispersed across the planet through host interbreeding and gene flow. Certain genes and codons of HPV58 variants representing higher carcinogenic potential and/or that are under positive selection may have important implications for viral host specificity, pathogenesis, and disease prevention.
Restructuring hospitalist work schedules to improve care timeliness and efficiency
Authors: Wells Monika , Coates Evan , Williams Barbara , Blackmore Craig
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn 2014, we recognised that the pace of admissions frequently exceeded our ability to assign a hospitalist. Long patient wait times occurred at admission, especially for patients arriving in the late afternoon when hospitalist day shifts were ending. Our purpose was to redesign hospitalist schedules, duties and method of distributing admissions to match demand.

DesignWe used administrative data to tabulate Hospital Medicine admission requests by time of day and identified mismatch between volume and capacity with the current staffing model. We determined that we needed to accommodate 29 admits per day with peak admission volume in the late afternoon and early evening. The current staffing model failed after 22 admits. To realign staffing around patient admissions, we organised a series of Lean quality improvements, starting with a 2-day event in July 2014, and followed by a series of Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. The improvement team included hospitalists, residents and administrators, and each PDSA cycle involved collection of feedback from all affected providers.

StrategyAt baseline, our hospitalist group had six daytime and two nighttime services, including teaching services and attending-only services. Four of eight services were available for admissions, while four were rounding-only. Admitting capacity (patients per day) was 22. Through three PDSA cycles, we successively adapted our staffing and admitting model until the final staffing model aligned with patient admissions. The final model included different shift start times, use of all 10 shifts for admissions and addition of an Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner (ARNP) service.

ResultsAdmitting capacity increased to 30. We confirmed success with follow-up data on patient wait times. Emergency department mean patient wait times for admission decreased 36% from 66 to 43 min (p<0.001).

ConclusionQuantifying admission demand by time of day, then designing work schedules and duties around meeting this demand was an effective approach to reduce patient wait times.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin prior to cardiac surgery predicts acute kidney injury and mortality
Authors: Bulluck Heerajnarain , Maiti Raju , Chakraborty Bibhas , Candilio Luciano , Clayton Tim , Evans Richard , Jenkins David P , Kolvekar Shyam , Kunst Gudrun , Laing Christopher , Nicholas Jennifer , Pepper John , Yellon Derek M , Hausenloy Derek J
Published: August 2017

Objective

We aimed to investigate whether preoperative serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sNGALpre-op) predicted postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) during hospitalisation and 1-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality following adult cardiac surgery.

Methods

This study was a post hoc analysis of the Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Clinical Outcomes in Patient Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery trial involving adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. Postoperative AKI within 72 hours was defined using the International Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes classification.

Results

1371 out of 1612 patients had data on sNGALpre-op. The overall 1-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was 5.2% (71/1371) and 7.7% (105/1371), respectively. There was an observed increase in the incidence of AKI from the first to the third tertile of sNGALpre-op(30.5%, 41.5% and 45.9%, respectively, p<0.001). There was also an increase in both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality from the first to the third tertile of sNGALpre-op, linear trend test with adjusted p=0.018 and p=0.013, respectively. The adjusted HRs for those in the second and third tertiles of sNGALpre-opcompared with the first tertile were 1.60 (95% CI 0.78 to 3.25) and 2.22 (95% CI 1.13 to 4.35) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.25 (95% CI 0.71 to 2.22) and 1.91 (95% CI 1.13 to 3.25) for all-cause mortality at 1 year.

Conclusion

In a cohort of high-risk adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, there was an increase in postoperative AKI and 1-year mortality from the first to the third tertile of preoperative serum NGAL. Those in the last tertile (>220 ng/L) had an estimated twofold increase risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality at 1 year.

Clinical trial registration

NCT101247545; Post-results.
Assessing the association between thinking dispositions and clinical error
Authors: Kinnear John , Wilson Nick
Published: August 2017

Background

Dual-process theory suggests that type 1 thinking results in a propensity to make ‘intuitive’ decisions based on limited information. Type 2 processes, on the other hand, are able to analyse these initial responses and replace them with rationalised decisions. Individuals may have a preference for different modes of rationalisation, on a continuum from careful to cursory. These ‘dispositions’ of thinking reside in type 2 processes and may result in error when the preference is for ‘quick and casual’ decision-making.

Methods

We asked clinicians to answer a cognitive puzzle to which there was an obvious, but incorrect, answer, to measure their propensity for ‘quick and casual’ decision-making. The same clinicians were also asked to report the number of clinical errors they had committed in the previous two weeks. We hypothesised an association between committing error and settling for an incorrect answer, and that the cognitive puzzle would have predictive capability.

Results

90 of 153 (59%) clinicians reported that they had committed error, while 103 (67%) gave the incorrect ‘intuitive’ answer to the cognitive puzzle. There was no statistically significant difference between clinicians who committed error and answered incorrectly, and those who did not and answered correctly (χ2(1, n=1153)=0.021, p=0.885).

Conclusions

The prevalence of clinical error in our study was higher than previously reported in the literature, and the propensity for accepting intuitive solutions was high. Although the cognitive puzzle was unable to predict who was more likely to commit error, the study offers insights into developing other predictive models for error.
Age-related differences in neuropsychological assessment of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Taylor Nicole M. , Enns Leah N.
Published: August 2017

This cross-sectional study examined 6 key areas of neuropsychological functioning (cognitive, academic, attention, executive function, adaptive skills) comparing adolescents and school-age children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). The aims were: (i) to examine which neuropsychological measures were predictive of an FASD diagnosis in adolescents and school-age children with PAE, and (ii) to compare the neuropsychological performance of adolescents and children diagnosed with FASD. Hierarchical logistic regressions determined that the Full-Scale IQ, Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning indices, basic reading and math skills, adaptive functioning at school, and components of executive functioning (dependent on age) improved the probability of an accurate FASD diagnosis in both groups: 9.1% to 19.2% for adolescents and 10.9% to 19.4% for school-age children (61.5%–80.9% correct classifications overall). For the age comparison analyses (ANOVAs/MANOVAs), a significant difference was observed in the cognitive domain, as well as with basic math skills (trend) in the sample diagnosed with FASD, with lower scores observed for adolescents across these measures. These findings provide further evidence for age differences in neuropsychological assessment as well as increased neuropsychological difficulties in adolescence by comparison with childhood with FASD. Longitudinal studies will be needed to make further inferences about developmental changes in neuropsychological functioning in FASD.
Improving the Accessibility of Mobile OCR Apps Via Interactive Modalities
Authors: Cutter Michael , Manduchi Roberto
Published: August 2017

We describe two experiments with a system designed to facilitate the use of mobile optical character recognition (OCR) by blind people. This system, implemented as an iOS app, enables two interaction modalities (autoshot and guidance). In the first study, augmented reality fiducials were used to track a smartphone’s camera, whereas in the second study, the text area extent was detected using a dedicated text spotting and text line detection algorithm. Although the guidance modality was expected to be superior in terms of faster text access, this was shown to be true only when some conditions (involving the user interface and text detection modules) are met. Both studies also showed that our participants, after experimenting with the autoshot or guidance modality, appeared to have improved their skill at taking OCR-readable pictures even without use of such interaction modalities.
Reflexives and Reflexivity
Authors: Reuland Eric
Published: August 2017

This article provides an overview of the various means that languages use to represent interpretive dependencies and reflexive predicates. These means are exemplified on the basis of a broad variety of languages. The patterns are prima facie complex, involving semireflexives, full reflexives, and affixal reflexives. Yet they can be accounted for on the basis of the morphosyntactic properties of the elements involved, together with the way these elements interact with a number of universal principles and the syntactic environment. The central principles involved are (a) a principle restricting chain formation by Agree and (b) a general principle applying to reflexive predicates that requires them to be licensed, either through the addition of structural complexity for protection or through a lexical bundling operation, governed by (c) an economy principle. Although I conclude that there is no unified notion of what a reflexive is, reflexives do have a shared core, namely their role in the licensing of reflexivity.
Secrecy in Wireless Information and Power Transfer for One-Way and Two-Way Untrusted Relaying with Friendly Jamming
Authors: Xiao Lin , Zhang Tao , Shen Xue , Yang Dingcheng , Cuthbert Laurie
Published: August 2017

An untrusted relay system combined with a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) scheme is considered in one-way and two-way relaying transmission strategies. In the system, two source nodes can only communicate with each other via an untrusted energy harvesting relay node, which sends the message by using its harvested energy from the source nodes. Specifically, we classify the intermediate relay as an eavesdropper into two modes: active eavesdropper and nonactive eavesdropper, depending on whether it has sufficient energy of its own to transmit the message or not. Under a simplified three-node fading wiretap channel setup, the transmit power allocation and power splitting ratio are jointly optimized to minimize the outage probability in the delay-sensitive case and to maximize the average rate in the delay-insensitive case, subject to the average and peak total power constraints. Applying the dual-decomposition method, the optimization problem can be efficiently solved in the delay-sensitive scenario. Moreover, an iterative algorithm is proposed to derive the solution to maximize the average rate in the delay-insensitive scenario. Numerical results demonstrate the performance of system outage probability in the two modes versus different rates and how efficiently the secrecy rate is improved compared with traditional schemes.
Registration of Partially Focused Images for 2D and 3D Reconstruction of Oversized Samples
Authors: Martišek Dalibor , Druckmüllerová Hana
Published: August 2017

Methods of fracture surface 3D reconstruction from a series of partially focused images acquired in a small field of view (e.g., by confocal microscope or CCD camera) are well known. In this case, projection rays can be considered parallel and recorded images do not differ in any geometrical transformation from each other. In the case of larger samples (oversized for microscope or CCD camera), it is necessary to use a wider viewing field (e.g., standard cameras); taken images primarily differ in scaling but may also differ in shifting and rotation. These images cannot be used for reconstruction directly; they must be registered; that is, we must determine all transformations in which the images differ and eliminate their effects. There are several ways to do this. This paper deals with the registration based on phase correlation.
Heterogeneity of Outcomes in D'Amico Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients after Radical Prostatectomy: Influence of Primary and Secondary Gleason Score
Authors: Pollard Matthew E. , Hobbs Adele R. , Kwon Young Suk , Katsigeorgis Maria , Lavery Hugh J. , Levinson Adam , Bernstein Adrien N. , Collingwood Shemille A. , Hall Simon J. , Samadi David B. , Jazayeri Seyed Behzad
Published: August 2017

Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify and examine the outcomes of prostate cancer patients classified as intermediate risk (IR) using the D'Amico risk classification system, specifically focusing on the influence of primary and secondary biopsy Gleason score (BGS). Patients and Methods: An institutional review board-approved database of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomies performed after 2006 was stratified by standard D'Amico criteria. IR patients were then sub-stratified by BGS. Pathologic and intermediate-term biochemical disease-free survival (BDFS) outcomes were analyzed. Results: Overall, 1,090 patients were classified as D'Amico low-risk, 896 as IR, and 240 as high-risk. Of the 896 IR patients, 63 had BGS 6, 630 were 3 + 4 = 7, and 203 4 + 3 = 7. Among IR patients, as the BGS increased, there was an increasing likelihood of extracapsular extension (21, 28, and 38%, respectively; p = 0.005), positive surgical margins (14, 26, 31%; p = 0.048), and worse 3-year BDFS (96, 94, 88%; p = 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression analyses confirmed differences among IR groups. Conclusion: D'Amico IR patients demonstrate significant heterogeneity in both pathologic outcomes and BDFS. IR patients with a BGS of 6 appear to have similar intermediate-term BDFS as low-risk patients. An increasing BGS from 3 + 3 to 3 + 4 to 4 + 3 results in a higher likelihood of locally-advanced disease and intermediate-term biochemical failure.
Enhanced Aortic Pressure Wave Reflection in Patients with Aortic Coarctation after Aortic Arch Repair
Authors: Murakami Tomoaki
Published: August 2017

Background: In patients with aortic coarctation after successful aortic arch repair, it is well known that early-onset cardiovascular diseases can develop. Summary: We studied the pressure waveform in patients after aortic arch repair focusing on a pressure wave reflection. In patients after aortic arch repair, the repaired portion generates a new reflected pressure wave. As a result, the newly generated pressure wave causes aortic pressure augmentation, loss of pressure amplification, and left ventricular hypertrophy with fibrosis. Balloon dilatation of the aortic arch may also generate a new pressure wave reflection. Key Messages: In patients with aortic coarctation after aortic arch repair, the reconstructed site generates a new pressure wave reflection. This could be one of the causes of their future cardiovascular diseases.
Orbital Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Polymorphic B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder in an Apparently Immunocompetent Woman
Authors: Abendroth Michael D. , Bayerl Michael G. , Wilkinson Michael J. , Claxton David F. , Specht Charles S.
Published: August 2017

We report a rare case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) involving the lacrimal gland of a 28-year-old, apparently immunocompetent woman. She presented with a chief complaint of orbital swelling and tenderness and was found to have a lesion involving the right lacrimal gland and distal superior and lateral rectus muscles. Histology of the lesion revealed histiocytes with pleomorphic nuclei, reactive lymphocytes, and scattered cells that resembled the Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. The R-S-like cells were positive for PAX5 and CD30 and negative for CD15, supporting a diagnosis of polymorphic B-cell LPD. In situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA demonstrated the presence of EBV. Most EBV-positive polymorphic B-cell LPDs are associated with immunodeficiency. However, the patient described is HIV-negative and has no identifiable defects in immunoglobulin levels or cell-mediated immunity. This raises the question of whether she has an underlying immunodeficiency resulting from subtle changes in T-cell physiology, or whether chronic EBV infection contributed to her immune dysfunction through an unclear mechanism. The orbital mass partially regressed with chemotherapy, and the patient has done well clinically with no recurrence of this EBV-LPD for over 2 years.
Is Medicine Use for Nervousness Associated with Adolescent At-Risk or Problem Gambling?
Authors: Canale Natale , Vieno Alessio , Billieux Joël , Lazzeri Giacomo , Lemma Patrizia , Santinello Massimo
Published: August 2017

Objective: To examine the association between adolescent at-risk or problem gambling (ARPG) and medicine used to treat nervousness in a large-scale nationally representative sample of Italian adolescents. Study design: Data from the 2013/2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Survey was used for cross-sectional analyses (a sample of 20,791 15-year-old students). Self-administered questionnaires were completed by a representative sample of high-school students. Respondents' ARPG, use of medicine for nervousness and potential confounding factors were assessed. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between medicine use to treat nervousness and ARPG. Results: The overall prevalence of adolescents reporting medicine use for nervousness in the last month was 6.3%. The odds of ARPG were 3 times higher among adolescents who used medicine for nervousness compared to that among adolescents who did not take such medicine (OR 2.96, 95% CI 2.07-4.25). Importantly, the association between medicine used to treat nervousness and ARPG did not vary significantly when viewed in light of psychological symptoms. Conclusions: Medicine use to treat nervousness is associated with increased risk of gambling-related harm.
Oral Administration of CardioAid and Lunasin Alleviates Liver Damage in a High-Fat Diet Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Model
Authors: Drori Ariel , Rotnemer-Golinkin Dvorah , Zolotarov Lidya , Ilan Yaron
Published: August 2017

Background: Several of the drugs in development for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) target liver fibrosis or have side effects that prohibit their long-term use in patients with mild to moderate disease. Lunasin is a soy-derived peptide with anti-inflammatory properties. ADM's CardioAid™ is a plant sterol extract that exerts cholesterol- and triacylglycerol-lowering effects. Aim: To determine the immunomodulatory effects of CardioAid and lunasin in a high-fat diet (HFD) animal model of NASH. Methods: C57BL/6 mice on an HFD were orally administered CardioAid or lunasin for 25 weeks. The effects on the immune system, liver function, insulin resistance and lipid profile were studied. Results: Treatment with CardioAid and lunasin was associated with a significant decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio and an increase in CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes. A decrease in interleukin 1-alpha serum levels and an increase in transforming growth factor beta serum levels were noted. These were associated with alleviation of liver damage as indicated by a significant decrease in liver enzymes and improvement in the histological nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS). Decreases in both serum triglyceride and serum glucose levels were observed in treated mice. A decrease in total body fat measured by EchoMRI was also observed in treated mice. Conclusions: CardioAid and lunasin exerted hepatoprotective and glucose-protective effects in an HFD NASH model. These data and the high-safety profiles of CardioAid and Lunasin support their use in patients in the early stages of NASH to prevent deterioration due to the disease.
Immature platelets as a novel biomarker for adverse cardiovascular events in patients after non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Anetsberger Aida , Blobner Manfred , Haller Bernhard , Schmid Sebastian , Umgelter Katrin , Hager Theresa , Langgartner Clemens , Kochs Eberhard , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Jungwirth Bettina , Bernlochner Isabell
Published: August 2017

This study evaluates whether immature platelets (IPF) determined in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) can predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or other thromboembolic events after intermediate and high-risk surgery. IPF are increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome and recently gained interest as novel biomarker for risk stratification. In this prospective observational trial 732 patients undergoing intermediate or high-risk non-cardiac surgery were enrolled (NCT02097602). IPF was measured preoperatively and postoperatively in the PACU. Primary outcome was a composite endpoint defined as MACE, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism during hospital stay (modMACE). A cut off for IPF identifying a threshold between a low and high risk for modMACE was calculated by logrank optimization. A multivariate Cox regression was calculated in a forward stepwise manner to assess the relation between this IPF cut off and modMACE as well as other established risk factors (inclusion if p<0.05). Preoperatively, there were no differences in IPF between patients with and without modMACE (3.1% [2.2% – 4.7%](median [interquartile range]) vs. 2.8% [1.9% – 4.3%]. Patients with modMACE (28 of 730 patients; 3.8%) had higher IPF values in the PACU compared to patients without modMACE (3.6% [2.6–6%] vs. 2.9% [2–4.4%]; p=0.011). The optimal cut off of IPF > 5.4% was associated with an increased risk for modMACE after adjustment for covariates (hazard ratio: 2.528; 95% confidence interval: 1.156 to 5.528, p=0.02). In conclusion, IPF is an independent predictor of modMACE after surgery and might improve risk stratification of surgical patients.

Institution where the work was performed and funded: Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Seminário Ciência da Conservação e o uso de caracterização química, física e biológica de bens culturais
Authors: Silva Cibele Monteiro da
Published: August 2017

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Centros históricos de Bolonha e do Porto: lições de reabilitação urbana para o debate contemporâneo
Authors: Sampaio Andréa Da Rosa
Published: August 2017

Os casos de reabilitação urbana dos centros históricos de Bolonha, na Itália, e do Porto, em Portugal, são objeto de reflexão deste artigo, com intuito de revisitar seus pressupostos teóricos e atualizar o conhecimento sobre esses casos, notabilizados como referenciais em termos de salvaguarda e reabilitação urbana. Promove-se uma discussão sobre as experiências paradigmáticas de recuperação dos conjuntos urbanos antigos e precarizados de Bolonha e do Porto, ao final da década de 1960 até a década de 1980, considerando suas atuais ressonâncias como um legado que oferece lições para o debate contemporâneo sobre a reabilitação urbana de sítios urbanos históricos. Adota-se um enfoque urbanístico para a problematização de tais experiências, que se destacam por terem conjugado aspectos sociais e urbanísticos em seus processos de reabilitação urbana, conservando o patrimônio habitado por moradores locais. No entanto, os centros históricos em questão não ficaram imunes aos processos urbanos e políticos, nem às intervenções cenográficas e especulativas, particularmente no Porto. Oferecem, portanto, novas perspectivas para releitura diante dos atuais processos de financeirização da reabilitação urbana e de gentrificação dos centros históricos, não obstante as diretrizes vigentes de proteção ao patrimônio. Essa problematização ganha relevo diante dos desafios em conciliar as atuais políticas de revitalização e turistificação dos sítios históricos com a conservação de seu patrimônio e de sua identidade — sua paisagem e seus habitantes.
Uma introdução ao planejamento urbano de Ilha Comprida
Authors: Moraes Marilia Britto Rodrigues de
Published: August 2017

O trabalho relaciona aspectos da teoria e prática do planejamento ambiental urbano, retomando na história recente idéias e eventos um pouco esquecidos pela geração formada na cartilha modernista. Aborda a figura da APA - Área de Proteção Ambiental como veículo para se atingir a melhoria da qualidade de vida, através da gestão e zoneamento, sendo importantes os agentes causais, atores e o processo em si. A Ilha Comprida, no litoral sul do estado de São Paulo, reúne elementos característicos do processo de ocupação e urbanização brasileiros, demandando soluções novas e urgentes, quando se apresenta uma oportunidade para fazê-lo
Paisagem, lotes e tecidos urbanos
Authors: Macedo Silvio Soares
Published: August 2017

Este artigo aborda algumas formas de ocupação do lote urbano verticalizado, dando ênfase àquele constituinte das áreas habitacionais paulistanas. Introduz conceitos como tecido urbano e espaços livres e caracteriza tipologias urbanísticas desenvolvidas na cidade brasileira no século 20, que deram origem a paisagens urbanas, como os bairros de Copacabana (RJ) e Jardins (SP).
Litoral Urbanização Ambientes e seus Ecossistemas Frágeis
Authors: Macedo Silvio Soares
Published: August 2017

A urbanização da zona costeira brasileira tem sido a causadora de danos significativos na dinâm ica ecológica e na paisagem do litoral brasileiro. Este artigo objetiva apresentar os principais efeitos desta ação sobre os ecossistemas típicos da costa nacional, como manguezais, dunas, recifes de coral e matas de restinga, indicando ainda formas de uso com patíveis com as dinâmicas existentes
Visibilidade e Cultura
Authors: Leite Maria Angela Faggin Pereira
Published: August 2017

As mudanças ou transformações da realidade visando um futuro desejado, são processos que tomam com o substrato inicial as formas da paisagem, veículos de transmissão, às futuras gerações, de um tipo de consciência social que confere sentido e profundidade à ocupação do território. A possibilidade de perceber, de entender o que está sendo representado na paisagem é o primeiro passo em direção a alterações da ordem social. Esses processos e seus desdobramentos no projeto de paisagismo são objetos deste artigo.
As Antigas e as Novas Vilas de São Paulo: Conceituacão e Estudos de Caso
Authors: Silva Filho Carlos Alberto Da , Aragão Solange Moura Lima de
Published: August 2017

As vilas, conjuntos de residências im plantados no interior dos quarteirões, apareceram na cidade de São Paulo no início do século, época de sua expansão industrial e urbana. Se por várias décadas elas foram refutadas por serem destinadas à habitação popular e por não terem suas casas voltadas para a rua principal, hoje são consideradas ótima opção de moradia, sendo, aliás, vistas por muitos como ideal de m oradia urbana. Construídas entre 1890 e 1980, aproxim adam ente, as vilas reapareceram na cidade em 1994, quando foi aprovada a Lei n. 11.605, que criou a subcategoria de uso residencial R3-03. Mas as novas vilas, com uma ocupação espacial diferente, sob certos aspectos, das mais antigas, têm um outro significado tanto para a sociedade, como para o tecido urbano
Conjunto Residencial Rubem Berta: Ordem Projetual e Transformações Morfológicas
Authors: Rigatti Décio
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho pretende descrever de forma sistemática os mecanismos de transformações físicas im plem entadas pelos m oradores de um conjunto residencial padrão Cohab de Porto Alegre/RS, buscando com preender não apenas de que m odo as alterações são im plem entadas, mas e principalm ente, como as ações individuais definem uma estrutura global diferente daquela proposta por um projeto e, também, quais são as recorrências m orfológicas utilizadas pela população que são encontradas tanto no interior do conjunto em análise com o em outros conjuntos desse tipo
Aspectos da História dos Jardins Botânicos no Mundo e no Brasil - uma Abordagem sobre o Jardim Botânico do Recife - PE
Authors: Almeida Erika Audet de , Carneiro Ana Rita De Sá , Alves Marccus Vinícius
Published: August 2017

O jardim botânico é elem ento essencial na conservação dos recursos vivos em uma perspectiva de desenvolvim ento sustentável no meio urbano. É tam bém pólo de alta im portância e facilitador na geração de uma consciência am bientalista quando utilizado como instrum ento educativo e de pesquisa científica, além de ser atrativo turístico. Este estudo, que aborda aspectos da história dos jardins botânicos no m undo e no Brasil e sua im portância para a evolução da cidade, deu ênfase ao do Recife, por ser uma das últimas áreas remanescentes de Mata Atlântica, inserida em uma Unidade de Conservação M unicipal e que, portanto, merece atenção especial no planejam ento da cidade
Requalificação Urbanística e Recuperação da Imagem da Cidade O Projeto Rio Cidade para os Bairros do Méier e do Leblon, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Del  Rio Vicente
Published: August 2017

Uma discussão sobre os principais aspectos dos projetos Rio Cidade para o Méier e o Leblon - bairros representativos da zona norte e sul cariocas - é o pano de fundo para esse artigo que aborda o bem sucedido programa de requalificação urbanística que vem sendo promovido pela Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro desde 1993. É apresentado o contexto em que se realizou o concurso para escolha dos primeiros escritórios, a estratégia para recuperação da imagem da cidade, as principais questões conceituais e metodológicas, além de uma avaliação inicial dos resultados atingidos
A "Rua-Pátio" e a caracterização dos espaços livres de edificação das novas Vilas Paulistanas
Authors: Aragão Solange
Published: August 2017

A composição dos espaços livres de edificação das novas vilas paulistanas difere, sob certos aspectos, daquela encontrada nas vilas de antigamente. Por outro lado, percebe-se que, a todo momento, tenta-se resgatar características e usos dos antigos conjuntos de residências construídos no interior dos quarteirões. Se as vilas do início e de meados do século, especialmente as projetadas para dar abrigo à classe média, possuíam sempre uma rua estreita que conduzia a um pátio de uso comum aos moradores das casas de fachada usualmente estreitas que o circundavam ou ladeavam, nas vilas construídas a partir dos anos 90, a rua estreita e o pátio são substituídos por um único espaço, o qual estamos denominando "rua-pátio". Esse espaço é, na verdade, uma rua ligeiramente larga, que se pretende seja também um pátio - ou tenha a função do pátio das vilas de outros tempos, próprio ao lazer e à sociabilidade. Nisto, na presença de elementos como fontes e luminárias e, por vezes, na própria arquitetura, vê-se claramente a tentativa de se resgatar, talvez, a idéia do que foram as primeiras vilas paulistanas - idéia esta que, não raro, aparece mesclada à de outras vilas (européias ou norte-americanas). O que se propõe aqui é a definição do que vem a ser a "rua-pátio" e a caracterização dos espaços livres de edificação das novas vilas paulistanas, que apresentam certas inovações em relação às mais antigas e, ao mesmo tempo, mantêm-se fiéis a soluções empregadas tradicionalmente
Urbanização de encostas: projetando a arquitetura da paisagem
Authors: Afonso Sonia
Published: August 2017

Ambiente e paisagem são desconsiderados no projeto das cidades brasileiras. Desde a chegada dos primeiros colonizadores europeus, cenários de serras e colinas são enaltecidos, mas a urbanização contemporânea camufla a forma dos sítios e degrada o hábitat urbano. As encostas dos morros e serras são, por excelência, um assunto do paisagismo, pois "ninguém pode esconder uma cidade sobre uma colina" (Mt 5, 14), seja para maravilhar, seja para desolar quem a observa, dependendo de quem seja. A paisagem ambiental deveria ser composta de colinas vistas do mar e dos vales dos rios; com economia fundada nas características paisagísticas e ambientais; caracterizando-se como lugares de que nos lembraremos para sempre. Sem tal identidade não podemos dizer que uma cidade tem personalidade. O caráter de um lugar está fundado na atitude dos que a construíram, na simpatia com que trataram seres vivos e ambiente, no valor que lhes atribuíram. O valor (ética e estética) é o aspecto filosófico da arquitetura da paisagem. Todo projeto precisa estar comprometido com o meio físico e seus elementos: sopés, topos, ombreiras (lugares privilegiados para a construção de mirantes) e linhas de drenagem natural (locais privilegiados para a localização de parques de conservação da água), visando à preservação da biodiversidade
Significado do espaço público
Authors: Oliveira Filho João Martins De , Derntl Maria Fernanda
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo aborda o problema da baixa qualidade dos espaços públicos nas cidades brasileiras, descrevendo brevemente as transformações de alguns deles, por exemplo, o largo da Memória em São Paulo. Trata do deslocamento das atividades sociais e de lazer para locais de caráter semipúblico e discutir o papel de algumas atitudes de projeto
A reta e a curva: a estética da paisagem?
Authors: Sandeville Junior Euler
Published: August 2017

Há uma idéia comum de que o "paisagismo formal" seja uma expressão autoritária do domínio humano sobre a natureza e de que o "paisagismo informal" expresse identificação com a natureza. Este texto procura evidenciar o campo simbólico por trás desses estereótipos recorrentes na história e teoria do projeto paisagístico. Polarizações semelhantes também ocorrem no campo da edificação e do urbanismo, mostrando que a tensão entre o formal e o informal, ou o racional e o orgânico, ou a reta e a curva como a designamos aqui, se torna veículo de conteúdos que transcendem em muito o campo estrito do desenho. A compreensão desse campo simbólico é necessária para uma justa apreciação das obras-primas do passado e para a investigação da relação histórica entre projeto, natureza e cultura, tema tão pertinente ao paisagismo