bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explaining Motivational Antecedents of Citizenship Behavior among Preservice Teachers
Authors: Christophersen Knut-Andreas , Elstad Eyvind , Solhaug Trond , Turmo Are
Published: April 2015

A typical preservice teacher will experience demanding teaching situations during practicum. In such situations, interpersonal support from fellow students may be an important factor if experiences gained during teaching practice are to make a constructive contribution to personal growth for the teacher. Human support from other preservice teachers can bridge a gap that can be filled only to a limited extent by practice supervisors, who also have a role in assessing the students’ practice periods. The phenomenon of preservice teachers helping their co-students—even though, strictly speaking, they have no formal responsibility in this area—is called citizenship behavior here. Structural equation modeling of questionnaire data collected among Norwegian preservice teachers shows that performance approach motivation is the factor most strongly associated with citizenship behavior. Intrinsic motivation is also a significant factor, both as a direct and an indirect effect, via study absorption. The self-efficacy of preservice teachers in teaching situations also has a robust association with citizenship behavior, while experiences involving pupil engagement problems in teaching situations have a negative effect on self-efficacy. Pupil engagement problems also have an adverse impact on absorption.
Heterojunction Diodes and Solar Cells Fabricated by Sputtering of GaAs on Single Crystalline Si
Authors: Silvestre Santiago , Boronat Alfredo
Published: April 2015

This work reports fabrication details of heterojunction diodes and solar cells obtained by sputter deposition of amorphous GaAs on p-doped single crystalline Si. The effects of two additional process steps were investigated: A hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching treatment of the Si substrate prior to the GaAs sputter deposition and a subsequent annealing treatment of the complete layered system. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exploration of the interface reveals the formation of a few nanometer thick SiO2 interface layer and some crystallinity degree of the GaAs layer close to the interface. It was shown that an additional HF etching treatment of the Si substrate improves the short circuit current and degrades the open circuit voltage of the solar cells. Furthermore, an additional thermal annealing step was performed on some selected samples before and after the deposition of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film on top of the a-GaAs layer. It was found that the occurrence of surface related defects is reduced in case of a heat treatment performed after the deposition of the ITO layer, which also results in a reduction of the dark saturation current density and resistive losses.
A Novel Hybrid-Flux Magnetic Gear and Its Performance Analysis Using the 3-D Finite Element Method
Authors: Chen Yiduan , Fu Weinong
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a novel hybrid-flux magnetic gear, which integrates a transverse-flux magnetic gear and an axial-flux magnetic gear into a single unit. Compared to its conventional counterparts, the proposed magnetic gear transmits a relatively high torque density. When compared to the transverse-flux magnetic gear, this new structure employs an extra iron segment between the low-speed rotor and high-speed rotor to modulate the magnetic field and contribute to the transmission of additional torque. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) is used for the analysis of the magnetic field. In the paper a variables-decoupling method based on the sensitivity analysis of the design parameters is also presented to accelerate the optimization process of the proposed machine.
Chitosan Derivatives as Important Biorefinery Intermediates. Quaternary Tetraalkylammonium Chitosan Derivatives Utilized in Anion Exchange Chromatography for Perchlorate Removal
Authors: Sayed Shakeela , Jardine Anwar
Published: April 2015

There has recently been great interest in the valorization of biomass waste in the context of the biorefinery. The biopolymer chitosan, derived from chitin, is present in large quantities of crustacean waste. This biomass can be converted into value-added products with applications in energy, fuel, chemicals and materials manufacturing. The many reported applications of this polymer can be attributed to its unique properties, such as biocompatibility, chemical versatility, biodegradability and low toxicity. Cost effective water filters which decontaminate water by removal of specific impurities and microbes are in great demand. To address this need, the development of ion exchange resins using environmentally friendly, renewable materials such as biopolymers as solid supports was evaluated. The identification and remediation of perchlorate contaminated water using an easy, inexpensive method has come under the spotlight recently. Similarly, the use of a low cost perchlorate selective solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge that can be rapidly employed in the field is desirable. Chitosan based SPE coupled with colorimetric analytical methods showed promise as a renewable anion exchange support for perchlorate analysis or removal. The polymers displayed perchlorate retention comparable to the commercial standard whereby the quaternized iron loaded polymer TMC-Fe(III) displayed the best activity.
Identification and Characterization of a PRDM14 Homolog in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Fan Lin , Jiang Jiajun , Gao Jinning , Song Huayu , Liu Jinxiang , Yang Likun , Li Zan , Chen Yan , Zhang Quanqi , Wang Xubo
Published: April 2015

PRDM14 is a PR (PRDI-BF1-RIZ1 homologous) domain protein with six zinc fingers and essential roles in genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming. This protein is required for the establishment of germ cells and the maintenance of the embryonic stem cell ground state. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA and genomic DNA of the Paralichthys olivaceus prdm14 (Po-prdm14) gene and isolated the 5' regulatory region of Po-prdm14 by whole-genome sequencing. Peptide sequence alignment, gene structure analysis, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that Po-PRDM14 was homologous to mammalian PRDM14. Results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) in embryos demonstrated that Po-prdm14 was highly expressed between the morula and late gastrula stages, with its expression peaking in the early gastrula stage. Relatively low expression of Po-prdm14 was observed in the other developmental stages. ISH of gonadal tissues revealed that the transcripts were located in the nucleus of the oocytes in the ovaries but only in the spermatogonia and not the spermatocytes in the testes. We also presume that the Po-prdm14 transcription factor binding sites and their conserved binding region among vertebrates. The combined results suggest that Po-PRDM14 has a conserved function in teleosts and mammals.
PRRT2 Mutant Leads to Dysfunction of Glutamate Signaling
Authors: Li Ming , Niu Fenghe , Zhu Xilin , Wu Xiaopan , Shen Ning , Peng Xiaozhong , Liu Ying
Published: April 2015

Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC) is an inherited disease of the nervous system. We previously identified PRRT2 as the causative gene of PKC. However, as little is known about the function of PRRT2, elucidating its function will benefit not only PKC studies, but also many other related disorders. Here, we reveal higher levels of glutamate in the plasma of PKC patients and the culture medium of neurons following knock-out Prrt2 expression. Using double immunostaining assays we confirm Prrt2 is located at the glutamatergic neurons in accordance with its function. Our co-immunoprecipitation assays reveal mutant PRRT2 interferes with SNAP25 and GRIA1 interactions, respectively. Furthermore, using live-labeling techniques, we confirmed co-transfection with mutant PRRT2 caused an increase in GRIA1 distribution on the cell surface. Therefore, our results suggest that mutant PRRT2, probably through its weakened interaction with SNAP25, affects glutamate signaling and glutamate receptor activity, resulting in the increase of glutamate release and subsequent neuronal hyperexcitability.
Monitoring 60 Years of Land Cover Change in the Marathon Area, Greece
Authors: Gaitanis Apostolos , Kalogeropoulos Kleomenis , Detsis Vassilis , Chalkias Christos
Published: April 2015

This study deals with the landscape evolution reflected in the changes of land cover in the suburban area of Marathon, Attica, Greece. The study was based on remote sensing images covering the time period between 1945 and 2007. Several other types of data were also used, such as a digital terrain model, historical orthophotos, vegetation maps, geological maps, cadastral maps and aerial photos. These types of data were used in order to create the spatial database for the classification/interpretation of land cover and to identify the land cover changes that occurred during the period in question. The results of this study showed significant land cover changes, especially for the land covered by forests and wetlands with a 47% and a 37% decrease, respectively. The spatial arrangement of the development of residential areas was partially predictable, while the occurrence of land cover changes due to retrogressive vegetation succession appeared rather idiosyncratically throughout the area initially covered by forest.
Rheological Properties of Cemented Tailing Backfill and the Construction of a Prediction Model
Authors: Lang Liu , Song KI-IL , Lao Dezheng , Kwon Tae-Hyuk
Published: April 2015

Workability is a key performance criterion for mining cemented tailing backfill, which should be defined in terms of rheological parameters such as yield stress and plastic viscosity. Cemented tailing backfill is basically composed of mill tailings, Portland cement, or blended cement with supplementary cement material (fly ash and blast furnace slag) and water, among others, and it is important to characterize relationships between paste components and rheological properties to optimize the workability of cemented tailing backfill. This study proposes a combined model for predicting rheological parameters of cemented tailing backfill based on a principal component analysis (PCA) and a back-propagation (BP) neural network. By analyzing experimental data on mix proportions and rheological parameters of cemented tailing backfill to determine the nonlinear relationships between rheological parameters (i.e., yield stress and viscosity) and mix proportions (i.e., solid concentrations, the tailing/cement ratio, the specific weight, and the slump), the study constructs a prediction model. The advantages of the combined model were as follows: First, through the PCA, original multiple variables were represented by two principal components (PCs), thereby leading to a 50% decrease in input parameters in the BP neural network model, which covered 98.634% of the original data. Second, in comparison to conventional BP neural network models, the proposed model featured a simpler network architecture, a faster training speed, and more satisfactory prediction performance. According to the test results, any error between estimated and expected output values from the combined prediction model based on the PCA and the BP neural network was within 5%, reflecting a remarkable improvement over results for BP neural network models with no PCA.
Disintegration Test of Health Food Products Containing Ginkgo Biloba L. or Vitex Agnus-Castus L. in the Japanese Market
Authors: Sato-Masumoto Naoko , Masada Sayaka , Takahashi Satoshi , Terasaki Sachiko , Yokota Yoichi , Hakamatsuka Takashi , Goda Yukihiro
Published: April 2015

For many years now, a number of Western herbs have been widely used in health food products in Japan and as pharmaceuticals in Europe. There are few or no mandated criteria concerning the quality of these herbal health food products, thus clarification is warranted. Here, we performed disintegration tests of 26 pharmaceutical and health food products containing the Western herbs ginkgo leaf and chaste tree fruit, in accord with the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. All eight pharmaceutical herbal products found in the European market completely disintegrated within the defined test time, and 11 of the 18 tested herbal products distributed as health foods in Japan disintegrated. Among the incompatible products identified in the Pharmacopoeia test, some products remained intact after incubation in water for 60 min. To ensure the efficacy of Western herbal products sold as health food in Japan, quality control, including disintegration, is therefore recommended, even though these products are not regulated under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law.
A New Emulsion Liquid Membrane Based on a Palm Oil for the Extraction of Heavy Metals
Authors: Björkegren Sanna , Karimi Rose , Martinelli Anna , Jayakumar Natesan , Hashim Mohd
Published: April 2015

The extraction efficiency of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from water has been investigated using a vegetable oil based emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique. The main purpose of this study was to create a novel ELM formulation by choosing a more environmentally friendly and non-toxic diluent such as palm oil. The membrane phase so formulated includes the mobile carrier tri-n-octylmethylammonium chloride (TOMAC), to facilitate the metal transport, and the hydrophilic surfactant Tween 80 to facilitate the dispersion of the ELM phase in the aqueous solution. Span 80 is used as surfactant and butanol as co-surfactant. Our results demonstrate that this novel ELM formulation, using the vegetable palm oil as diluent, is useful for the removal of hexavalent chromium with an efficiency of over 99% and is thus competitive with the already existing, yet less environmentally friendly, ELM formulations. This result was achieved with an optimal concentration of 0.1 M NaOH as stripping agent and an external phase pH of 0.5. Different water qualities have also been investigated showing that the type of water (deionized, distilled, or tap water) does not significantly influence the extraction rate.
Transferable Integrated Optical SU8 Devices: From Micronic Waveguides to 1D-Nanostructures
Authors: Huby Nolwenn , Bigeon John , Danion Gwennaël , Duvail Jean-Luc , Gouttefangeas Françis , Joanny Loïc , Bêche Bruno
Published: April 2015

We report on optical components for integrated optics applications at the micro- and nanoscale. Versatile shapes and dimensions are achievable due to the liquid phase processability of SU8 resist. On the one hand, by adjusting the UV-lithography process, waveguiding structures are patterned and released from their original substrate. They can be replaced on any other substrate and also immerged in liquid wherein they still show off efficient light confinement. On the other hand, filled and hollow 1D-nanostructures are achievable by the wetting template method. By exploiting the large range of available SU8 viscosities, nanowires of diameter ranging between 50 nm and 240 nm, as well as nanotubes of controllable wall thickness are presented. Optical injection, propagation, and coupling in such nanostructures are relevant for highly integrated devices.
Spatial Feature Reconstruction of Cloud-Covered Areas in Daily MODIS Composites
Authors: Paul Stephan , Willmes Sascha , Gutjahr Oliver , Preußer Andreas , Heinemann Günther
Published: April 2015

The opacity of clouds is the main problem for optical and thermal space-borne sensors, like the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Especially during polar nighttime, the low thermal contrast between clouds and the underlying snow/ice results in deficiencies of the MODIS cloud mask and affected products. There are different approaches to retrieve information about frequently cloud-covered areas, which often operate with large amounts of days aggregated into single composites for a long period of time. These approaches are well suited for static-nature, slow changing surface features (e.g., fast-ice extent). However, this is not applicable to fast-changing features, like sea-ice polynyas. Therefore, we developed a spatial feature reconstruction to derive information for cloud-covered sea-ice areas based on the surrounding days weighted directly proportional with their temporal proximity to the initial day of interest. Its performance is tested based on manually-screened and artificially cloud-covered case studies of MODIS-derived polynya area data for the polynya in the Brunt Ice Shelf region of Antarctica. On average, we are able to completely restore the artificially cloud-covered test areas with a spatial correlation of 0.83 and a mean absolute spatial deviation of 21%.
External Benefit Evaluation of Renewable Energy Power in China for Sustainability
Authors: Zhao Huiru , Guo Sen
Published: April 2015

China’s renewable energy power has developed rapidly in recent years. Evaluating the external benefits of renewable energy power can provide a reference for the Chinese government to set diverse development goals and to implement differentiated supporting policies for different renewable energy power types, which can promote their sustainable development. In this paper, a hybrid MCDM method was applied to evaluate the external benefits of China’s renewable energy power. Firstly, the impacts of renewable energy power accessing the power grid for multiple stakeholders in the electric power system were analyzed. Secondly, the external benefit evaluation index system for renewable energy power was built from the economic, social and environmental factors, based on the concept of sustainability. Then, the basic theory of the hybrid MCDM method employed in this paper was introduced in two parts: the superiority linguistic ratings and entropy weighting method for index weight determination and the fuzzy grey relation analysis for ranking alternatives. Finally, the external benefits of wind power, solar PV power and biomass power were evaluated. Taking a regional electric power system as an example, the results show that PV power has the greatest external benefit, followed by wind power and biomass power. Therefore, more policies supporting PV power should be put in place to promote the harmonious and sustainable development of the whole renewable energy power industry.
The Influence of Green Viral Communications on Green Purchase Intentions: The Mediating Role of Consumers’ Susceptibility to Interpersonal Influences
Authors: Chang Sheng-Hsiung
Published: April 2015

This paper aims to incorporate the diffusion of innovation theory and conformity theory to explain consumers’ green purchase intentions. To this end, a conceptual model has been proposed and subjected to empirical verification with the use of a survey method. Using a sample of Taiwanese consumers who had the actual purchase experience of green detergents, this study employed structural equation modeling to verify the hypothesis proposed. The empirical results suggested that green viral communication was positively related to normative interpersonal influence, informational interpersonal influence and green purchase intention. Informational interpersonal influence also had a positive impact on green purchase intention. However, the relationship between consumer’s normative interpersonal influence and green purchase intention was not supported. Thus, this study concludes that green marketers must strengthen their green viral communications skills to enhance consumers’ purchase intentions. In addition, this study also contributes to the literature by stating that consumers’ susceptibility to informational interpersonal relationships is an important mediator in the green viral communication and green purchase intentions relationship. This study discusses implications of the findings and research limitations at the end of the paper.
Tourists' World Expo Experiences
Authors: Boo Soyoung , Lu Xiao
Published: April 2015

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of the experience economy in the tourism industry. However, particularly in regard to expos, it still remains a neglected topic of interest in event tourism research. The purpose of this article is to enhance understanding
of event tourists' experiences by observing the phenomenon of the expo. By employing Pine and Gilmore's four dimensions of experience scheme, the authors explore how the feelings of time distortion and telepresence, positive effect, and memory serve as discernible consequences for expo attendees.
The main findings include the observation that Entertainment experience has the strongest impact, followed by Education experience and, finally, higher levels of experience, with the latter showing a significantly higher level of memory according to different groups of demographics. The authors
have added empirical content to the experiential marketing research agenda along with recommendations for future areas of study.
From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Adelhelm Philipp , Hartmann Pascal , Bender Conrad L , Busche Martin , Eufinger Christine , Janek Juergen
Published: April 2015

Research devoted to room temperature lithium–sulfur (Li/S8) and lithium–oxygen (Li/O2) batteries has significantly increased over the past ten years. The race to develop such cell systems is mainly motivated by the very high theoretical energy density and the abundance of sulfur and oxygen. The cell chemistry, however, is complex, and progress toward practical device development remains hampered by some fundamental key issues, which are currently being tackled by numerous approaches. Quite surprisingly, not much is known about the analogous sodium-based battery systems, although the already commercialized, high-temperature Na/S8 and Na/NiCl2 batteries suggest that a rechargeable battery based on sodium is feasible on a large scale. Moreover, the natural abundance of sodium is an attractive benefit for the development of batteries based on low cost components. This review provides a summary of the state-of-the-art knowledge on lithium–sulfur and lithium–oxygen batteries and a direct comparison with the analogous sodium systems. The general properties, major benefits and challenges, recent strategies for performance improvements and general guidelines for further development are summarized and critically discussed. In general, the substitution of lithium for sodium has a strong impact on the overall properties of the cell reaction and differences in ion transport, phase stability, electrode potential, energy density, etc. can be thus expected. Whether these differences will benefit a more reversible cell chemistry is still an open question, but some of the first reports on room temperature Na/S8 and Na/O2 cells already show some exciting differences as compared to the established Li/S8 and Li/O2 systems.
How Often does Treatment of Primary HIV Lead to Post-Treatment Control?
Authors: Maenza Janine , Tapia Kenneth , Holte Sarah , Stekler Joanne D , Stevens Claire E , Mullins James I , Collier Ann C
Published: April 2015

Background

Post-treatment control of viraemia after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy begun during primary HIV-1 infection is considered a potential path toward a sustained remission of infection.

Methods

Subjects enrolled in an observational primary infection cohort who received at least 11 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy beginning within the first 12 weeks of HIV-1 infection and who subsequently discontinued therapy were evaluated for post-treatment control.

Results

Within a cohort of 389 subjects with primary HIV-1 infection enrolled over 22 years, only 22 met criteria for evaluation of post-treatment control. Among these subjects, 21 (95%) had loss of viral control (HIV-1 RNA>500 copies/ml) within 18 months after treatment discontinuation, and only 1 (4.5%, 95% CI 0.32, 18.9) controlled viral load to levels <500 copies/ml for at least 24 months. The median time to virological failure was 2.17 (IQR 1.18–3.39) months.

Conclusions

Our data suggest a low likelihood of post-treatment control even when highly active antiretroviral therapy is started within 12 weeks of HIV-1 infection.
L’institutionnalisation des pôles d’activité médicale : entre agir stratégique et agir projectif
Authors: Gavault Sophia , Laude Laëtitia , Baret Christophe
Published: April 2015

Le législateur a instauré le pôle d’activité médicale en 2005 pour réduire la coupure entre monde médical et monde gestionnaire. Le médecin chef de pôle bénéficie d’une délégation de gestion devant permettre une amélioration de l’efficience médico-économique et de la qualité des soins. Après presque 10 années, cette nouvelle organisation peine à se mettre en place et à produire les effets attendus. Partant du principe que les acteurs jouent un rôle clé dans le processus social d’institutionnalisation des formes organisationnelles, nous adoptons la grille d’analyse du travail institutionnel proposée par Lawrence et Suddaby (2005) pour comprendre les stratégies des acteurs de l’hôpital dans l’institutionnalisation des pôles. Nous mobilisons le concept d’agir projectif (Emirbrayer et Mische, 1998) pour appréhender les pratiques de travail institutionnel. Notre recherche s’est déroulée au sein d’un pôle Mère-Enfant d’un centre hospitalier. Nous avons réalisé 12 entretiens ainsi que des observations participantes entre octobre 2012 et juin 2013. Nos résultats montrent que les cadres supérieure et administrative de pôle adoptent des stratégies favorables au pôle alors que les directeurs fonctionnels et les chefs de services adoptent des stratégies de déstabilisation. Ces stratégies opposées rendent incertain l’aboutissement du processus d’institutionnalisation des pôles.
Le rôle des passeurs de frontières dans la mise en place de collaboration pluridisciplinaire en médecine
Authors: Routelous Christelle , Lapointe Liette , Vedel Isabelle
Published: April 2015

La collaboration interprofessionnelle et interorganisationnelle pose la question de comment des professions appartenant à des cultures et des organisations différentes parviennent à établir une approche pluridisciplinaire et collaborative. L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre les enjeux de la coopération entre professions médicales en l’absence d’impulsion managériale et d’organisation déterminée pour soutenir le dispositif coopératif. Nous, nous intéressons ici au processus d’apprentissage organisationnel qui d’ordinaire laisse dans l’ombre les maillons intermédiaires entre l’individu isolé et la pratique coopérative généralisée. Pour cela, nous mobilisons les théories relatives aux rôles des acteurs-frontières. Cette grille de lecture permet de caractériser le rôle que joueront les acteurs qui initient les coopérations aux frontières, et d’autre part, le rôle que jouent les outils de partage des connaissances pour consolider ces collaborations qui ne sont pas supportées par des organisations formalisées. Notre article vise à enrichir l’analyse à la fois sur la coopération interprofessionnelle et sur l’implantation de pratiques innovantes. L’approche méthodologique retenue s’appuie sur quatre études de cas. Sur le plan théorique, les résultats de cette recherche montrent que les praticiens soutiennent l’implantation de la collaboration : 1) en favorisant l’ouverture des cadres cognitifs par une action de traduction, 2) en tenant compte des attentes du système professionnel des acteurs à enrôler et 3) en se présentant de manière suffisamment neutre pour permettre la projection des parties prenantes. Ce résultat ouvre une voie de recherche utile en matière d’implantation de collaboration interprofessionnelle, en l’absence de gouvernance des dispositifs et d’organisation formalisée.
Les proches-aidants, quels rôles dans la coordination du parcours de soins des personnes malades ?
Authors: Buthion Valérie , Godé Cécile
Published: April 2015

La coordination des différentes tâches à accomplir au sein des équipes évoque une question fondatrice des théories du management et une préoccupation majeure pour le milieu médical. Dans ce domaine, la coordination est avant tout abordée comme une affaire de structures et de professionnels construisant des habitudes de travail devenant des « réflexes » au fil du temps. Pour autant, de nombreuses situations nécessitent une approche plus dynamique de la coordination, celle qui est « en train de se faire » et peut bousculer protocoles et structures. Il est intéressant d’adopter cette approche, dite « en pratique », de la coordination pour examiner la posture des proches, spécifique par rapport à celles des patients traités par les professionnels. Les proches représentent le tissu principal du soutien des personnes atteintes d’une maladie. Appelés « proches-aidants », ils sont conduits à devenir assistants de vie, soignants dans certaines circonstances particulières et/ou gardiens vigilants des signes de détérioration. Leur participation est indispensable à la coordination des parcours de soins des personnes malades. Leur rôle est pourtant peu étudié sous l’angle de la coordination « en pratique ». Au moyen des résultats d’une étude menée sur les soins de supports en cancérologie, cet article interroge les pratiques de coordination développées par les proches-aidants dans le parcours de soins des personnes malades. Intégrer les proches dans leur caractère ambivalent, à la fois acteurs aidants, mais également personnes touchées par les conséquences de la dégradation de la santé de leurs proches, est une étape fondamentale à un parcours de soins.
Chapitre 1. L’information du patient est-elle un leurre ?
Authors: Fainzang Sylvie
Published: April 2015

Bien que l’idée soit répandue aujourd’hui, dans le milieu médical, que l’information du patient est totale puisqu’elle est désormais garantie par la loi, on peut se demander si cette information est toujours réalisée, et si elle est véritablement encouragée. Pour répondre à cette question, la réflexion s’appuie sur les données recueillies au cours de deux recherches anthropologiques, l’une sur l’information des personnes atteintes de maladies graves et prises en charge par l’institution hospitalière, l’autre sur l’information relative aux médicaments dans le cadre de l’automédication. Ces recherches révèlent que l’obligation d’information à laquelle sont tenus les professionnels de santé est contrecarrée par la réalité de l’information sur le terrain – laquelle tient à des mécanismes culturels et sociaux – et que, en dépit des professions de foi sur l’éducation du patient, des limites sont apportées à l’information en santé.
Chapitre 4. Ce qui subsiste des pouvoirs du médecin en matière d’information médicale
Authors: Catherine Aurore
Published: April 2015

L’objectif de l’obligation d’information posée par le droit à la charge du médecin est de permettre au patient d’exprimer son consentement aux soins de façon libre et éclairée et d’être acteur de sa santé. Le législateur a toutefois laissé des parcelles de pouvoir particulièrement étendues faisant de l’information un instrument de pérennisation du déséquilibre du colloque médical. De surcroît, dans la pratique le médecin détient un pouvoir d’influence sur la décision du patient, parfois inconscient, souvent maîtrisé, que des travaux de sociologues ont mis en exergue.
Chapitre 5. L’information sur le médicament
Authors: Adenot Isabelle
Published: April 2015

Le caractère désastreux de la communication nuit à la confiance des patients et a des conséquences sur l’observance de leurs traitements. En revanche, le débat européen sur la proposition de directive sur l’information du public sur les médicaments, même s’il a connu quelques lenteurs, a bien montré les enjeux et la complexité de la question.
Chapitre 7. Information du public sur les soins à l’hôpital : que pensez des classements, indicateurs et évaluations périodiques mis à disposition du « grand » public ?
Authors: Le Hyaric Alain
Published: April 2015

Cette publication fait le point sur ce qui est proposé en matière de classements, d’évaluation de nos établissements de santé. Professionnels de santé et patients sont généralement intéressés pour connaître les meilleurs ... et éviter les pires. Certaines publications n’hésitent pas à éditer des listes noires d’établissements. En France les informations mises à disposition par la petite et grande presse, par les agences officielles d’accréditation ne concernent en fait ni la qualité des prestations ni le service rendu aux patients, ce qui explique le peu d’impact en matière de choix d’un établissement de santé par le professionnel ou son patient. La santé et sa conservation étant des produits particuliers et complexes, l’attente d’informations préalables porte principalement sur la qualité de la prise en charge vis-à-vis d’un soin donné et sur l’amélioration éventuelle de la qualité de vie après ceux-ci. Un pilotage coordonné des sources d’informations administratives et un accent mis sur le bénéfice rendu en termes de qualité de vie après l’admission seraient de nature à donner aux publics concernés une information utile et pertinente quand le choix est encore possible entre plusieurs établissements de santé. La médecine est un art et non une science exacte. De nombreuses autres conditions et mesures qu’énumère l’auteur sont nécessaires pour éviter toutes les influences mercantiles ou manipulations du public ... Il faudra sans doute patienter quelques années pour les réunir !
Une approche ethnopsychiatrique de la psychose
Authors: Réal Isabelle , Cohen Hanna , Koumentaki Chryssanthi , Moro Marie Rose
Published: April 2015

Y a-t-il une modalité thérapeutique spécifique dans le traitement de la psychose dans nos consultations transculturelles ? Devereux apporte des éléments de réflexions théoriques, méthodologiques et cliniques précieux pour le thérapeute. Si le psychotique déculture le matériel culturel, ce matériel n’en reste pas moins utile pour poser un diagnostic et accompagner le patient. Le matériel culturel vient là comme suppléance à la défaillance symbolique. Les thérapeutes doivent se familiariser avec les théories étiologiques traditionnelles pour éviter de sur-diagnostiquer des psychoses, dont de nombreuses études montrent la sur-représentation pour les populations minoritaires ou migrantes.
Épouser l’ essuf (l’invisible) : rites de passages et de guérison chez les Touaregs de l’Ahaggar (Sahara algérien)
Authors: Seddik Arkam Faiza
Published: April 2015

Cet article concerne le traitement de l’infortune et de la maladie dans le cadre de représentions autochtones au sein d’une population saharienne à tradition nomade. Il met en jeu le rapport de l’homme touareg à l’espace invisible de l’ essuf . Le tout se déroule dans un contexte de modernité, offert par un nouvel espace, celui de la périphérie urbaine de la ville de Tamanrasset. Parmi les rites qui cyclent la vie du Touareg. un des premiers est le rite de la nomination, isem en langue touarègue, qui donne lieu à des festivités. Au cours de l’enfance, l’éducation prend en charge les nombreuses représentations sociales liées à l’univers qui entoure les hommes en mobilisant un potentiel symbolique de pratiques sacrées. Plus tard, le mariage, acte d’alliance accompagné d’une série de transactions, est aussi un rite de passage. De même, la reconnaissance ou l’identification d’un état de bien-être ou de mal-être place le corps comme médiateur entre le monde profane et le monde sacré...
Travail sur des descendants de rapatriés d’Indochine : transmission et vécu identitaire
Authors: Revue Paola , Feldman Marion , Moro Marie Rose
Published: April 2015

L’article traite le sujet de la transmission d’une culture et d’un vécu ainsi que ses retentissements sur la construction identitaire des descendants. Il s’appuie sur un focus groupe fait à partir de jeunes descendants de métisses Indochinois Français rapatriés en 1956 et hébergés dans un camp initialement provisoire du Lot-et-Garonne, qui a subsisté pendant plus de cinquante ans. L’étude s’est faite à partir d’une analyse qualitative d’un entretien non directif. Les thèmes de transmission, de représentation familiale, d’identification au lieu de vie, d’identité culturelle, d’apparence physique y sont abordés. L’article décrit dans un premier temps le dispositif de l’entretien et la méthode d’analyse employée. Il retrace ensuite le contexte évènementiel historique et socio-culturel de la guerre d’Indochine, qu’ont connu les parents ou grands-parents. Il donne enfin les principaux résultats qui seront soumis à discussion. Il en ressortira une forme de métissage complexe, diversifié mais identifié comme particulier, qui s’articule sur plusieurs générations et se symbolise autour de l’existence de ce camp.
Interaction par l’image et identité en ligne : le cas des selfies
Authors: Junger-Aghababaie Mona
Published: April 2015

Cet article interroge l’utilisation des images de soi et le fait de les partager « en ligne ». Ainsi, notre question de départ est : comment l’usage des selfies contribue-t-elle à la construction des interactions entre les personnes qui les publient ? De plus, les selfies sont-elles un nouvel outil participant à la construction de l’identité numérique des individus ?
L’Amour comme Énergie chez Teilhard de Chardin
Authors: Lu Bosco
Published: April 2015

L’Association des amis de P. Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955) célèbre le cinquantième anniversaire de sa mort en organisant une dizaine de colloques étalés sur une période de cinq ans (2001-2005), en divers lieux où Teilhard a vécu et travaillé. Cet article reprend une communication présentée lors du cinquième colloque, tenu à Pékin en octobre 2003. En 1993, on publia les Letters of Teilhard de Chardin and Lucile Swan , qui révéla au public leur expérience amoureuse. Guidé par L’Éternel féminin (1968) du cardinal Henri de Lubac et Spirit of Fire (1996) de Ursula King, l’A. relut Teilhard et tenta de découvrir le secret de son énergie. Il aboutit ainsi à la conclusion que Teilhard proposait une version virginale de l’amour. Celle-ci lui révéla la présence d’un « feu nouveau » dans le cosmos, qui aidera puissamment à la convergence de l’univers dans le point Oméga.
Essai sur l’héritage de l’Europe. Une lecture théologique
Authors: Herr Édouard
Published: April 2015

Cet article s’inscrit dans le contexte de l’année 2004 : l’élargissement à vingt-cinq membres de l’Union Européenne. Il s’agit de mettre en évidence l’héritage commun de ces peuples, et cela d’un point de vue théologique. Cette recherche s’avère vitale, car sans une mémoire collective commune, il n’y a pas d’unité réelle. Le fil rouge de cette mémoire, qui constitue aussi une responsabilité pour l’avenir, c’est la lutte pour la liberté et les libertés. Mais cette lutte se trouve, depuis les Temps Modernes, devant un choix crucial : soit les libertés s’engagent dans une dynamique d’alliance (notamment entre les peuples), y compris avec Dieu (c’est le principe christologique), soit elles cèdent à la pente fatale d’une lutte à mort, et ce sera l’échec.
Security Concepts, Developments, and Future Trends
Authors: Al-Hamami Alaa Hussein , Al-Saadoon Ghossoon M. Waleed
Published: April 2015

The techniques and tools available for the attackers and protectors are decisive and the main cause for deciding the leading and winning side. This chapter discusses the main concepts, developments, and future trends of security. There are three main reasons for security development and its innovation. The first reason is: Perfect security does not exist; this will lead the researcher to develop more and more methods to defend against new attacks and to support the existence security systems. The second reason is: New technology always brings new threats, which means new countermeasures against those threats is always a necessity. The third reason is: There is no single countermeasure that can be used to ensure security for our systems, and there are many new threats and attacks need to be defeated. For these reasons, security is very active subject and needs more financial support for research and system development, thoughts, technologies, tools, and skilled people to ensure and maintain security for our systems.
Biometric Security
Authors: Al-Ani Muzhir Shaban
Published: April 2015

The terms biometrics and biometry have been used to refer to the field of development of statistical and mathematical methods applicable to data analysis problems in the biological sciences. Recently biometrics refers to technologies and applications applied for personal identification using physical and behavioral parameters. Biometric security systems ensuring that only the authorized persons are permitted to access a certain data, because it is difficult to copy the biometric features pattern for a specific person. Biometrics is playing an important role in applications that are centric on identification, verification and classification. This chapter focuses on biometric security in their types, specifications, technologies and algorithms. Some algorithms of biometric security are also included in this chapter. Finally latest and future aspects of biometric system and merging technologies are also mentioned, including more details of system structures and specifications and what constitution will shape biometric security of in the future.
16-Directional Geographical Traceback with Generalization to Three Dimensional Multidirectional Geographical IP Traceback
Authors: Karthik S. , Kannan A. Rajiv
Published: April 2015

Distributed denial-of-service attacks are a serious threat to the stability and availability of the Internet. Several traceback schemes are available to mitigate these attacks. Along with several IP traceback schemes, a latest one is the DGT in which the tracking is relying on geographical information. Segment direction ratios (SDR) a novel scheme to overcome the directional limitations of 23 DGT is proposed. This scheme is generalized to 2n DGT (n = 4).The concepts of DR, DRS and NDRS at a Router point is introduced based on uniqueness theorem. Three dimensional, multi-directional geographical traceback, using direction ratio algorithm (DRA) is proposed to remove the limitations. To overcome directions, dimensions and storage space deficiency, three dimensional multidirectional geographical IP traceback direction ratio sampling algorithm (DRSA) traceback is proposed.
A New Approach in Cloud Computing User Authentication
Authors: Al-Hamami Alaa Hussein , Al-Khashab Rafal A
Published: April 2015

Cloud computing provides the full scalability, reliability, high performance and relatively low cost feasible solution as compared to dedicated infrastructure. These features make cloud computing more attractive to users and intruders. It needs more and complex security measures to protect user privacy and data centers. The main concern in this chapter is security, privacy and trust. This chapter will give a discussion and a suggestion for using cloud computing to preserve security and privacy. The malicious hacker and other threats are considering the major cause of leaking security of the personal cloud due to centralized location and remote accesses to the cloud. According to attacks, a centralized location can be easier target rather than several goals and remote access is insecure technologies which offer a boundary of options for attackers to infiltrate enterprises. The biggest concern is attackers that will use the remote connection as a jumping point to get deeper into an organization.
Security in Mobile Computing
Authors: Samawi Venus W.
Published: April 2015

These days, peoples expected to move around carrying their mobile devices, talking to friends, completing their work, accessing emails etc. His/her pictures, work, study, even relationship (friends, and family) all is in the mobile device. Therefore, mobile devices (especially smart phones) become an ideal target for different attacks. Mobile computing also becomes important in enterprises and organizations. Therefore, it is important to illustrate the state of art on vulnerabilities and threats on mobile device. This chapter is addressed to explain mobile computing concept, features, architecture, operating systems, and risks to mobile devices. Mobile operating system structureand characteristicsare demonstrated. The author also illustrates mobile security issues, and type of threats to mobile devices. Finally, features and security models of two popular smartphone operating systems, Android and iOS, are illustrated. It was found that the security models of these two smartphones is immature and do not meet the enterprises security policies.
Security in Digital Images
Authors: Otair Mohammed A.
Published: April 2015

Due to the swift growth of the using of the digital multimedia in the internet these days, the security in digital images has become a very important issue. Lately, significant attentions are given by many researchers in the field of the security for digital images, and several image encryption techniques have been developed to improve the security levels of these images. Different techniques can be applied to protect intellectual property rights for digital images and prohibit illegal copying. The aim of this chapter is to introduce the most important techniques that have been developed to implement the security in digital images such as digital watermarking and image steganography.
Gamification and Social Media as Tools for Tourism Promotion
Authors: Kachniewska Magdalena
Published: April 2015

The goal of this chapter is to present the application of gamification mechanism and social media tools in the promotion of tourism regions and enterprises as well as the promotion of tourism activity itself. The framework distinguishes between stimulus characteristics of the game (promotion mechanism) that lead to sociological responses toward the game (tourism brand) and actual buyers' (tourists') behaviour. Though the game-like mechanism has been applied in tourism for decades and some funware elements are well known among teens – they hardly deal with competition of computer games. Two popular systems of tourism badges in Poland are thus discussed in order to look for reasons of their falling popularity and teenagers' resistance to participate in the systems. Mobile devices enable teens to combine playing and travelling. The development of mobile applications, integrating social gaming, and location-based technology has led to the growing interest in location-based social network marketing, particularly in tourism and hospitality. The chapter concludes with a proposal how to revitalize an old-school system of tourism badges through the modern gamification mechanism combined with social media tools.
Advertising in Games
Authors: Celtek Evrim
Published: April 2015

Traditional marketing communication techniques are of diminishing effectiveness and marketers have developed creative applications to attract consumers. Advergames can be seen as an attractive and new marketing tool that increases product, brand and company awareness. Advergames are a form of branded entertainment that features advertising messages, brand logos, brand products and trade character in a game format. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an understanding of the qualities and potentials of the advergames as an advertising and marketing communication tool for the tourism industry. First, an overview of the various definitions of advergaming is provided, as well as a review of existing literature regarding its effectiveness. The study next examines the advergaming applications in the tourism industry using SWOT analysis. The study concludes with a discussion of the needs, challenges and opportunities faced in marketing tourism products by advergaming.