bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Cetyl Octanoate in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kuo Chia‐Hung , Ju Hen‐Yi , Chu Shuan‐Wei , Chen Jiann‐Hwa , Chang Chieh‐Ming J. , Liu Yung‐Chuan , Shieh Chwen‐Jen
Published: August 2011

Cetyl octanoate, a wax ester of 24 carbons, is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a base oil. The current work focuses on lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of cetyl octanoate in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) by esterification of cetyl alcohol and octanoic acid. Three immobilized lipases were screened, and 15 reaction conditions were tested in order to find the combination for maximal yield. The results showed that Novozym® 435 was the best catalyst for the synthesis, and a reaction time of 20 min was adequate for a maximal yield. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a 3‐factor‐3‐level Box‐Behnken design was employed to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters, including reaction temperature (35–75 °C), pressure (8.27–12.41 MPa), and enzyme amount (5–15% wt of cetyl alcohol). A model for the synthesis was developed and the optimum conditions could be predicted to be reaction pressure of 10.22 MPa, reaction temperature of 63.70 °C, and enzyme amount of 11.20%. An experiment was performed under this optimum condition and a yield of 99.5% was obtained. This experimental yield correlated well with the predicted value of yield (97.6%). We concluded that, in a SC‐CO2 system, nearly 100% molar conversion of cetyl octanoate could be obtained by immobilized Novozym® 435 in a short reaction time (20 min) under the predicted optimal conditions.
A Novel Romance: The Technology Acceptance Model with Emotional Attachment
Authors: Read Wayne , Robertson Nichola , McQuilken Lisa
Published: August 2011

E-readers, or devices designed primarily for reading e-books, are taking the world by storm. Several papers in library studies and education have examined e-book consumption for academic reading. However, no previous marketing study has investigated consumers’ adoption of e-readers for pleasure reading. We address this gap by testing an extended version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with emotional attachment (TAME) in this context. Consumers’ attachment to paper books is proposed as a barrier to their adoption of e-readers. This speaks to a key deficiency of the TAM, being its focus on cognition at the expense of consumer emotion. A three-phase study finds support for the TAME, with 64% of the variance explained in consumers’ intentions to adopt e-readers. Emotional attachment to paper books is found to be weakly and negatively associated with consumers’ attitude toward using e-readers. The qualitative findings suggest that e-reader adoption may not involve a binary choice between paper and e-formats.
The effect of phosphatidylserine containing Omega3 fatty-acids on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial, followed by an open-label extension
Authors: Manor I. , Magen A. , Keidar D. , Rosen S. , Tasker H. , Cohen T. , Richter Y. , Zaaroor-Regev D. , Manor Y. , Weizman A.
Published: August 2011

Objective

To study the efficacy and safety of phosphatidylserine (PS) containing Omega3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids attached to its backbone (PS-Omega3) in reducing attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children.

Method

A 15-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase followed by an open-label extension of additional 15 weeks. Two hundred ADHD children were randomized to receive either PS-Omega3 or placebo, out of them, 150 children continued into the extension. Efficacy was assessed using Conners’ parent and teacher rating scales (CRS-P,T), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Safety evaluation included adverse events monitoring.

Results

The key finding of the double-blind phase was the significant reduction in the Global:Restless/impulsive subscale of CRS-P and the significant improvement in Parent impact-emotional (PE) subscale of the CHQ, both in the PS-Omega3 group. Exploratory subgroup analysis of children with a more pronounced hyperactive/impulsive behavior, as well as mood and behavior-dysregulation, revealed a significant reduction in the ADHD-Index and hyperactive components. Data from the open-label extension indicated sustained efficacy for children who continued to receive PS-Omega3. Children that switched to PS-Omega3 treatment from placebo showed a significant reduction in subscales scores of both CRS-P and the CRS-T, as compare to baseline scores. The treatment was well tolerated.

Conclusions

The results of this 30-week study suggest that PS-Omega3 may reduce ADHD symptoms in children. Preliminary analysis suggests that this treatment may be especially effective in a subgroup of hyperactive-impulsive, emotionally and behaviorally-dysregulated ADHD children.
RNF20–RNF40: A ubiquitin‐driven link between gene expression and the DNA damage response
Authors: Shiloh Yosef , Shema Efrat , Moyal Lilach , Oren Moshe
Published: August 2011

The DNA damage response (DDR) is emerging as a vast signaling network that temporarily modulates numerous aspects of cellular metabolism in the face of DNA lesions, especially critical ones such as the double strand break (DSB). The DDR involves extensive dynamics of protein post‐translational modifications, most notably phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. The DSB response is mobilized primarily by the ATM protein kinase, which phosphorylates a plethora of key players in its various branches. It is based on a core of proteins dedicated to the damage response, and a cadre of proteins borrowed temporarily from other cellular processes to help meet the challenge. A recently identified novel component of the DDR pathway – histone H2B monoubiquitylation – exemplifies this principle. In mammalian cells, H2B monoubiquitylation is driven primarily by an E3 ubiquitin ligase composed of the two RING finger proteins RNF20 and RNF40. Generation of monoubiquitylated histone H2B (H2Bub) has been known to be coupled to gene transcription, presumably modulating chromatin decondensation at transcribed regions. New evidence indicates that the regulatory function of H2Bub on gene expression can selectively enhance or suppress the expression of distinct subsets of genes through a mechanism involving the hPAF1 complex and the TFIIS protein. This delicate regulatory process specifically affects genes that control cell growth and genome stability, and places RNF20 and RNF40 in the realm of tumor suppressor proteins. In parallel, it was found that following DSB induction, the H2B monoubiquitylation module is recruited to damage sites where it induces local H2Bub, which in turn is required for timely recruitment of DSB repair protein and, subsequently, timely DSB repair. This pathway represents a crossroads of the DDR and chromatin organization, and is a typical example of how the DDR calls to action functional modules that in unprovoked cells regulate other processes.
Regulatory T‐cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chavele Konstantia-Maria , Ehrenstein Michael R.
Published: August 2011

Regulatory T‐cells (Tregs) are the guardians of peripheral tolerance acting to prevent autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythomatosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Defects in Tregs have been reported in these two diseases despite significant differences in their clinical phenotype and pathogenesis. In both diseases the potency of Treg fails to keep pace with the activation of effector cells and are unable to resist the ensuing inflammation. This review will discuss the phenotypic, numeric, and functional abnormalities in Tregs and their role in patients and murine models of SLE and RA.
Reliability of an Upper-Limb Assessment Tool for Acute Neurological Patients
Authors: Downie Sharon
Published: August 2011

Objective

Occupational therapists working within acute neurosciences assume a primary role in the identification of upper-limb impairments, and to achieve this, they require measurement tools, which are sensitive to small changes in patient function. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a newly developed upper-limb assessment tool (ULAT) for acute neurological patients.

Methods

Using a prospective study design, 30 patients with a confirmed neurological diagnosis completed the ULAT. Nonparametric statistics were then completed to examine the ULAT's reliability.

Results

The ULAT exhibited strong intra- and inter-rater reliability and acceptable internal consistency across patients with various neurological diagnoses.

Conclusion

Evidence of the ULAT's robust reliability supports its ongoing refinement and potential use in acute care neurological settings by occupational therapists.
Safety and Palatability of Polyethylene Glycol 3350 as an Oral Laxative in Cats
Authors: Tam Fiona M , Carr Anthony P , Myers Sherry L
Published: August 2011

Recurrent constipation is a common problem in cats. Laxatives often are the cornerstone for management of recurrent constipation; however, there is a paucity of published research on laxative use in cats. This study investigated the safety and palatability of polyethylene glycol (PEG3350) in normal cats. All cats consumed the PEG3350 laxative for 4 weeks without changes in weight or food intake. In all cats soft stools were achieved. Effective doses varied widely in experimental cats, so individualized dosing is important. Mild, non-clinical hyperkalemia was noted although the cause is unknown.
Deglaciation, basin formation and post-glacial climate change from a regional network of sediment core sites in Ohio and eastern Indiana
Authors: Glover Katherine C. , Lowell Thomas V. , Wiles Gregory C. , Pair Donald , Applegate Patrick , Hajdas Irena
Published: August 2011

Many paleoclimate and landscape change studies in the American Midwest have focused on the Late Glacial and early Holocene time periods (~ 16–11 ka), but little work has addressed landscape change in this area between the Last Glacial Maximum and the Late Glacial (~ 22–16 ka). Sediment cores were collected from 29 new lake and bog sites in Ohio and Indiana to address this gap. The basal radiocarbon dates from these cores show that initial ice retreat from the maximal last-glacial ice extent occurred by 22 ka, and numerous sites that are ~ 100 km inside this limit were exposed by 18.9 ka. Post-glacial environmental changes were identified as stratigraphic or biologic changes in select cores. The strongest signal occurs between 18.5 and 14.6 ka. These Midwestern events correspond with evidence to the northeast, suggesting that initial deglaciation of the ice sheet, and ensuing environmental changes, were episodic and rapid. Significantly, these changes predate the onset of the Bølling postglacial warming (14.8 ka) as recorded by the Greenland ice cores. Thus, deglaciation and landscape change around the southern margins of the Laurentide Ice Sheet happened ~ 7 ka before postglacial changes were felt in central Greenland.
The Nerd's Guide to Pre-Rounding
Authors: Loftus Richard A.
Published: August 2011

This 2006 book is a how-to guide for medical students moving from the classroom to the clinical/hospital setting; a particularly stressful transition in a student-physician's career. This handbook is made up of short, easily digestible passages that advise students on everything from reading an EKG or chest x-ray to tips on dealing with difficult residents and what to wear on wards. Passages are peppered with light-hearted anecdotes to bolster the spirits of students intimidated and overwhelmed by their responsibility as fledgling doctors. The handbook has been developed by Dr Richard Loftus, who wrote the first version of this guide after his 3rd year at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). It contains appendices of useful information, including a PDF file of full size forms that can be accessed from our website.
The USSR in Third World Conflicts
Authors: Porter Bruce D.
Published: August 2011

This is a thorough and sophisticated study of one of the most critical current issues in world politics. Bruce Porter examines Soviet policy and behaviour in Third World conflicts in the postwar period, focusing particularly on five examples: the Yemeni civil war, the Nigerian civil war, the Yom Kippur war, the Angolan civil war, and the Ogaden war. Aiming to illuminate various complex tactical and operational aspects of the USSR's policy in local conflicts, the author draws on a wide and eclectic range of sources. He pays close attention to the Soviet role as arms supplier and diplomatic actor in relation to both US policy and the dynamics of the local conflict, and he concludes with a careful consideration of the effectiveness of Soviet policy and of the implications for the United States.
Sidereal Chromatics
Authors: Smyth William Henry
Published: August 2011

Admiral William Henry Smyth's Sidereal Chromatics (1864) represents a landmark achievement in nineteenth-century astronomy, offering the most precise observations of the colours of double stars yet recorded. An expansion upon his well-known Bedford Cycle of Celestial Objects, which garnered a gold medal from the Royal Astronomical Society, Sidereal Chromatics provides both a theory concerning the source of double-star colours and a method for determining their most exact description. Detailed charts compare Smyth's measurements of more than one hundred double stars with his own previously published observations and those of his fellow astronomer, Father Benedetto Sestini. This edition also includes Smyth's famous colour chart, an attempt to standardise the process of identifying double-star colours. Sidereal Chromatics ends with Smyth's plea to amateur astronomers to continue the effort of charting the heavens, aided by improved telescopes and works such as his, 'trustworthy treatises available to all men'.
Notes of a Journey from Hankow to Ta-li Fu
Authors: Margary Augustus Raymond
Published: August 2011

The journal of Augustus Raymond Margary's groundbreaking journey from Hankow in the Hubei province of central China, to Bhamo in Upper Burma was published in 1875, soon after his death. Margary was part of the Chinese consular service and had lived in China since 1867, working as an interpreter. This journal begins in August 1874 at the start of his journey, the purpose of which was to meet Colonel Horace Browne to act as his interpreter as he attempted to open an overland trade route between China and India. Margary was the first Englishman successfully to complete the 1,800 mile trip through Szechwan to Yunnan, doing so in six months. On the return trip, he and two servants made a diversion, hearing of danger on his proposed route, but were murdered in the town of Manwyne, leading to public outrage and commemorative publication of accounts of his life and travels.
Notes on Recent Researches in Electricity and Magnetism
Authors: Thomson Joseph John
Published: August 2011

This 1893 publication is a central text in the work of the Nobel prize winning physicist Sir Joseph John Thomson (1858–1940). Intended as an extension of James Clerk Maxwell's Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, it documents the important shift in Thomson's thinking towards the model of the atomic electric field, a theory that would eventually lead to his discovery of the electron. In Chapter 1, Thomson documents his experiments with Faraday tubes, using them to physically demonstrate a 'molecular theory of electricity'. Chapter 2 considers the discharge of electricity through gases, Chapter 3 theories of electrostatics, and Chapters 4–6 are primarily concerned with alternating currents. In addition to providing crucial insight into Thomson's evolving theory of the atom, Recent Researches underscores his commitment to experimental physics, which offers 'all the advantages in vividness which arise from concrete qualities rather than abstract symbols'.
The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
Authors: Díaz del Castillo Bernal
Published: August 2011

Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492–1584) was a foot soldier in the army of Mexico's conqueror Hernán Cortés, and participated in the campaigns that led to the fall of the Aztec empire in 1521. This 1928 translation of his journals derives from the 1904 edition by the Mexican historian Genaro García - the first edition based on the original manuscript. Written as a corrective to accounts that overemphasised Cortés' exploits, Díaz's epic includes the experiences of the common soldier: hardship, thirst, long marches and unexpected attacks by rebels. The most complete contemporary chronicle of the Mexican conquest, this important historical document is also a captivating adventure narrative that combines factual accuracy with many dramatic anecdotes. This volume, containing chapters 137–173, describes the fall of Mexico. An appendix prepared by the editor provides a timeline of the 1521 siege based on both Díaz's and Cortés' accounts of the event.
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
Authors: Chambers Robert
Published: August 2011

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation was published anonymously in 1844. Starting with the genesis of the solar system, it progresses systematically through such topics as the formation of the earth, the origins of marine life, the emergence of reptiles, birds and other life forms, and the evolution of human life. Drawing widely upon contemporary ideas from astronomy, biology, geology, linguistics, and anthropology, it seeks to establish the 'hypothesis of an organic creation by natural law'. Preceding Darwin's Origin of Species by fifteen years, Vestiges ignited a storm of controversy by pitting natural law and its role in what would soon come to be known as 'evolution' against the generally accepted Victorian belief that the universe was created by God. In 1884, it was revealed that the author was the British publisher Robert Chambers. This fifth edition of the work also contains its 1845 sequel, Explanations.
Deutsch-Neuguinea und meine Ersteigung des Finisterre-Gebirges
Authors: Zöller Hugo
Published: August 2011

Hugo Zöller (1852–1933) was a German journalist and explorer who travelled to South America, West Africa and New Guinea in the course of his exciting career. This book is an account, first published in 1891, of his expedition to New Guinea in 1888, during which he became the first European to explore the island's mountainous interior. He describes the German colonial settlements on the coast, the logistical preparations for his mission, the climate, geology, flora and fauna of the island, the indigenous peoples and their customs, the local languages, to which he devotes a substantial chapter, and the hardships and highlights of the journey. The appendix contains a timeline listing European activity around New Guinea from 1526 to 1891 and a glossary in tabular form listing 300 words in 45 indigenous languages. A bibliography and index are also included, and the book contains drawings, photographs and maps.
Samuel Pepys and the World He Lived In
Authors: Wheatley Henry Benjamin
Published: August 2011

Henry Benjamin Wheatley (1838–1917) was an eminent bibliographer, author and editor who served as assistant secretary to the Royal Society of Arts between 1879 and his retirement in 1908. He also had a particular interest in the life of Samuel Pepys (1633–1703), founding the Samuel Pepys Club in 1903 and producing the most reliable edition of Pepys' diary until the Latham edition (1970–1983). This volume, first published in 1880, contains a detailed biography of Pepys. Using contemporary sources, Wheatley discusses Pepys' achievements during the period his diary was kept, his progression in the Navy Board and his resignation in 1689. Wheatley also provides fascinating descriptions of Restoration society, manners and customs, exploring the historical context of Samuel Pepys' life through discussions of various incidents taken from his diary. This volume remains a standard reference for the historical context of Pepys' diary and life.
Aborigines of Victoria
Authors: Smyth Robert Brough
Published: August 2011

Robert Brough Smyth (1830–1889) was a successful Melbourne-based mining engineer and civil servant who spent 16 years as Secretary of the Board for the Protection of the Aborigines. In this study of the society and customs of indigenous Australians in the Victoria region, first published in 1878, he combines his own observations with those of others who lived or worked closely with the Aboriginal population. The principal focus of volume 2 is language. Smyth discusses the similarities and differences between regional dialects, grammatical rules and the use of sign language, and the vocabularies of different regions. The nine essays by European settlers which form the appendices explore a variety of anthropological topics and shed light on the complex relationship that existed between the indigenous Australian population and the European immigrants. A final chapter outlines the customs and characteristics of the Aborigines of Tasmania.
Litteratur der Grammatiken, Lexika und Wörtersammlungen aller Sprachen der Erde
Authors: Vater Johann Severin
Published: August 2011

Johann Severin Vater (1771–1826) was professor of theology and Oriental languages at Halle, but his wide-ranging linguistic interests included Slavonic and Native North American languages (the latter classified using data provided by Alexander von Humboldt). This book, first published in 1815, describes itself as a bibliography pertaining to 'all the languages of the world'. It is a monument to late eighteenth-century research into languages and linguistics, listing for each of its entries relevant texts with lexicons and grammars of the language in question. It was a valuable resource for nineteenth-century philologists, and its intended reach beyond the German-speaking scholarly world is indicated by the fact that the German text is accompanied by a Latin translation throughout. As well as including many Asian languages, the book recapitulates Vater's research on Native American languages, his knowledge of which was virtually unrivalled in Europe at that time.
Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia; Expressing the Cosmographie and Comodities of the Country, Together with the Manners and Customes of the People
Authors: Strachey William
Published: August 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Volume 6 (1849) is the first published edition of a collection of manuscript records gathered by William Strachey (1572?–1621), the first Secretary of the English colony of Virginia. It includes Strachey's own account of a shipwreck, which is believed by some scholars to have inspired passages in Shakespeare's The Tempest, and a list of words in Powhatan which is the only source of information about that language apart from the account of Captain John Smith.
History of the Great and Mighty Kingdome of China and the Situation Thereof
Authors: González de Mendoza Juan
Published: August 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. The two-volume account by Juan González de Mendoza of the history and geography of China was translated into English in 1588. It was the first detailed description of China available in English, though the introduction to this 1853 edition reviews several earlier reports by western travellers. Mendoza did not himself visit China; his first volume is derived largely from the papers of Martin de Rada, an Augustinian friar who went to China on a missionary expedition in 1575.
History of the Great and Mighty Kingdome of China and the Situation Thereof
Authors: González de Mendoza Juan
Published: August 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. The two-volume account by Juan González de Mendoza of the history and geography of China was translated into English in 1588. It was the first detailed description of China available in English, though the introduction to this 1853 edition reviews several earlier reports by western travellers. Mendoza did not himself visit China; his second volume concludes the account based on de Rada's writings and also describes the missionary travels of the Franciscan friar Pedro de Alfaro.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: August 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This second volume contains Ruskin's poems.
History and Antiquities of the Doric Race
Authors: Müller Carl Otfried
Published: August 2011

This two-volume book, originally published in German in 1824, was revised, corrected and enlarged for this 1830 English translation. Carl Otfried Müller (1797–1840) was a pioneering scholar of ancient civilisations and Greek mythology, who taught at Göttingen for twenty years, but died in Greece during an archaeological expedition.
This, the second volume, focuses first on the political institutions of the Dorians, their monetary systems and taxation. The second part discusses domestic life, architecture and dress, the treatment of women, marriage, manners and education. Finally, Müller describes music and literature, the distinction between tragedy and comedy, and lyric poetry. This substantial study was a landmark in its field and is still consulted by scholars and students of ancient history, philosophy and religion.
Three Voyages of Vasco da Gama, and his Viceroyalty
Authors: Correa Gaspar
Published: August 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Vasco de Gama (c. 1460–1524) was a Portuguese explorer who commanded the first European expedition to sail directly to India. He was later appointed Viceroy of Portuguese India in 1524. This volume, first published in 1869, contains an account of his expeditions written by the Portuguese historian Gaspar Correa (c. 1496–c. 1563), taken from his book Lendas da India. His work is an important contemporary history of Portuguese colonialism in India, using contemporary sources not available to later Portuguese historians.
Life and a Selection from the Letters of the Late Rev. Henry Venn, M.A.
Authors: Venn Henry , Venn John
Published: August 2011

The Reverend Henry Venn (1725–1797) was an Anglican clergyman who became a central figure in the English evangelical revival movement of the late eighteenth century. This book, containing a substantial selection of his letters and a biography written by his son John, was edited for publication in London in 1834 by his grandson Henry (who himself became an influential clergyman and missionary). The elder Henry Venn, after studying at Cambridge and being ordained priest, had ministered in parishes including Clapham, Huddersfield and Yelling. He was famous for his preaching, which attracted large congregations, and was remembered especially for his work among the urban and rural poor. He also published several books, including The Whole Duty of Man (1763), which reveal the development of his theological views over the course of his life. They are listed in the bibliography of this volume.
Bericht Über die Ausgrabungen in Troja im Jahre 1890
Authors: Schliemann Heinrich
Published: August 2011

Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890) was a businessman and self-taught archaeologist who is best known for discovering the site of the ancient city of Troy. This short book, published posthumously in 1891, begins with a vigorous polemic in which Schliemann defends himself and Wilhelm Dörpfeld against allegations by Ernst Boetticher, who persistently claimed they had falsified the evidence from Hissarlik and that 'Troy' was in fact a cremation site with ovens, rather than a settlement. The book goes on to describe the pottery of different periods exposed by a river cutting through the site. Schliemann then describes a newly excavated area that had not been razed by the Romans prior to rebuilding and gives detailed accounts of pottery, artefacts and defensive works found there, and the texts of a number of inscriptions. A final section by Dörpfeld, completed two days before Schliemann's untimely death, describes the buildings in more detail.
American Scenery
Authors: Willis Nathaniel Parker
Published: August 2011

Nathaniel Parker Willis (1806–67) came from a publishing family and began his writing career with contributions to magazines. He also wrote poetry and plays but is best remembered as a travel writer. In this two-volume work of 1840, his contribution (described on the title page as 'the literary department') was to provide a narrative for prints from the engravings of William Henry Bartlett (1809–54), the famous British landscape artist, who followed already established tourist routes in the United States to make his drawings. Each of Bartlett's 119 engravings is accompanied by a short essay by Willis, who states in the preface that it is his intention to bring to the reader at home 'at small cost' the sensations of travel which 'those whose lot is domestic and retired' would never be in a position to experience for themselves. This extremely popular work remained in print for thirty years.
Notions of the Americans
Authors: Cooper James Fenimore
Published: August 2011

The 'Travelling Bachelor' who is named as author on the original title page of this two-volume work is in fact James Fenimore Cooper (1789–1851), best remembered today as the writer of The Last of the Mohicans (1826), generally regarded as his masterpiece, which has remained in print and been adapted for cinema and television many times. In fact, Cooper was a prolific author of political journalism and travel writing as well as novels. His Notions of the Americans is an epistolary work in which Cooper adopts the persona of a well-travelled European clubman who has decided to explore the United States in the same spirit as that in which the offspring of the British nobility undertook the Grand Tour. Within a light-hearted narrative, Cooper's serious purpose was to reveal the nature of this brand-new nation to his own countrymen as well as to Europeans.
The Collected Mathematical Papers
Authors: Cayley Arthur
Published: August 2011

Arthur Cayley (1821–1895) was a key figure in the creation of modern algebra. He studied mathematics at Cambridge and published three papers while still an undergraduate. He then qualified as a lawyer and published about 250 mathematical papers during his fourteen years at the Bar. In 1863 he took a significant salary cut to become the first Sadleirian Professor of Pure Mathematics at Cambridge, where he continued to publish at a phenomenal rate on nearly every aspect of the subject, his most important work being in matrices, geometry and abstract groups. In 1883 he became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Publication of his Collected Papers - 967 papers in 13 volumes plus an index volume - began in 1889 and was completed after his death under the editorship of his successor in the Sadleirian Chair. This volume contains 84 papers, mostly published between 1861 and 1866.
Zoonomia
Authors: Darwin Erasmus
Published: August 2011

Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) is remembered not only as the grandfather of Charles but as a pioneering scientist in his own right. A friend and correspondent of Josiah Wedgwood, Joseph Priestley and Matthew Boulton, he practised medicine in Lichfield, but also wrote prolifically on scientific subjects. He organised the translation of Linnaeus from Latin into English prose, coining many plant names in the process, and also wrote a version in verse, The Loves of Plants. The aim of his Zoonomia, published in two volumes (1794–6), is to 'reduce the facts belonging to animal life into classes, orders, genera, and species; and by comparing them with each other, to unravel the theory of diseases'. The first volume describes human physiology, especially importance of motion, both voluntary and involuntary; the second is a detailed description of the symptoms of, and the cures for, diseases, categorised according to his physiological classes.
Indogermanische Grammatik
Authors: Hirt Hermann Alfred
Published: August 2011

Hermann Alfred Hirt (1865–1936) taught Greek, Latin and early Germanic languages at Leipzig University from 1892 to 1912 before moving to the chair of Sanskrit and comparative linguistics at Giessen. Born around the time when Bopp and Schleicher were publishing their ground-breaking work on Indo-European, and a young man when Brugmann published his monumental comparative grammar (all available in this series), Hirt began this seven-volume grammar in the 1920s soon after the exciting discovery of Tocharian and the decipherment of Hittite. The project arose out of his extensive research on the historical phonology of Indo-European vowels, which led him to consider much wider issues. Volume 4 (1928) covers the verb, as well as compounds and reduplication. Hirt's curiosity about the origins and development of Indo-European is evident throughout, leading him to propose two layers (older and more recent) of strong verbs.
Vergleichende Syntax der indogermanischen Sprachen
Authors: Delbrück Berthold
Published: August 2011

Karl Brugmann originally intended to include a volume on syntax in his comparative grammar of Indo-European, but as that ambitious project expanded, he and his publisher enlisted Berthold Delbrück (1842–1922) to take on the treatment of syntax. Delbrück's three volumes on inflection and phrase and sentence structure appeared between 1893 and 1900 and remain the fullest treatment of Indo-European syntax to this day. His second volume, published in 1897, is devoted to the verb. Delbrück, while referring to work by other linguists, largely relies on his own research. He pays particular attention to Greek and Sanskrit, but also discusses other sub-families including Germanic, Italic and Slavic. The volume provides thorough coverage of tense, mood, infinitives and participles.
Zwei Jahre unter den Indianern
Authors: Koch-Grünberg Theodor
Published: August 2011

This two-volume work by Theodor Koch-Grünberg (1872–1924), director of the Ethnographical Museum in Berlin, tells the story of his major expedition to North-West Brazil and describes the indigenous tribes and the local geography. In contrast to Koch-Grünberg's many monographs and essays on the same subject, this book is directed at a lay readership. Koch-Grünberg states his aim of correcting a false impression of the indigenous peoples drawn from 'novels about Indians read during one's youth' and the accounts of his explorations are permeated by a deeply-held respect for the humanity he encounters. Although its primary interest to scholars lies in its anthropological and ethnographical content, the text is full of botanical, geographical and linguistic detail, interspersed with photographs taken by the author. Volume 2 (1910) describes the São Felippe region and includes an index and appendix with records of climate, flora and fauna.
An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek
Authors: Swete Henry Barclay
Published: August 2011

Henry Barclay Swete (1835–1917) published An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek in 1900 as a manual to accompany his three-volume edition of the Septuagint (1887–1894) and to provide a guide through the vast corpus of Septuagint literature. Part 1 covers the textual history of the Septuagint, providing an in-depth analysis of its complex tradition, surveying the most important Greek witnesses and the earliest versions. Part 2 discusses the Alexandrian manuscript tradition, and covers the order and grouping of books, titles, comparison with the Hebrew Canon, and the textual divisions used in the manuscripts. Part 3 is concerned with the influence and use of the Septuagint in later works. An appendix contains the letter of pseudo-Aristeas with an introduction explaining the forgery. For over a century Swete's work has been an indispensable tool for every scholar and student of the Septuagint.
A Memoir of the Rev. Henry Watson Fox, B.A. of Wadham College, Oxford
Authors: Fox George Townshend
Published: August 2011

George Fox (1810–1886) compiled this memoir of his younger brother to inspire Rugby schoolboys to emulate this devout alumnus and become missionaries themselves. It was first published in 1850; the 1880 edition reissued here was the sixth printing and included a new preface and appendix recounting the successful establishment of the Rugby Fox Mastership at Masulipatam, India, where Fox had preached among the Telugu people of the British Madras Presidency. Containing an impressive quantity of personal letters and excerpts from his journal, the book provides insights into Fox's spiritual development and religious trials in the first half of the nineteenth-century. It includes unsympathetic accounts of the Telugu and India in general, but also recounts Fox's missionary strategies and goals, often reporting specific conversations or incidents. This content provides useful source material for scholars studying the British mission to India, the British empire, or nineteenth-century personal devotion.
The Latin Language
Authors: Lindsay W. M.
Published: August 2011

W. M. Lindsay, an outstanding figure of his time and one of the greatest of British Latinists, recognised a need for a 'new treatment' of Latin philology in this enduring work of 1894. Demonstrating his considerable familiarity with the voluminous texts of earlier Latin grammarians, Lindsay draws upon previous significant studies to illustrate how our knowledge of the Latin language has advanced over time. The book addresses all the key aspects of the Latin language in turn, including its alphabet, pronunciation, accentuation, the formation of noun and adjective stems, declensions, conjunctions, adverbs and prepositions. It is clearly organised to enable the reader easily to locate the topic required. Held in extremely high regard by classical scholars today, Lindsay's work condenses a vast store of learning on this large and complex topic into a single volume, and represents a major contribution to the analysis of Latin grammar.
Narratives of the Voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gambóa to the Straits of Magellan
Authors: Sarmiento de Gambóa Pedro
Published: August 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. This 1895 volume contains the first English translation of the then recently discovered reports of Pedro Sarmiento de Gambóa, a sixteenth-century Spanish explorer, astronomer, historian and scientist. As commander of the Pacific naval station, he explored the west coast of South America, and founded Spanish settlements (which subsequently failed due to famine) along the Magellan Straits, which he was also the first to survey.
Cosmos
Authors: von Humboldt Alexander
Published: August 2011

Polymath Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), a self-described 'scientific traveller', was one of the most respected scientists of his time. Humboldt's wanderlust led him across Europe and to South America, Mexico, the U.S., and Russia, and his voyages and observations resulted in the discovery of many species previously unknown to Europeans. Originating as lectures delivered in Berlin and Paris (1827–1828), his multi-volume Cosmos: Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe (1845–1860) represented the culmination of his lifelong interest in understanding the physical world. As Humboldt writes, 'I ever desired to discern physical phenomena in their widest mutual connection, and to comprehend Nature as a whole, animated and moved by inward forces.' Volume 1 (1846) investigates celestial and terrestrial phenomena, from nebulae to the temperature of the earth, as well as 'organic life'. Throughout, he stresses the method of, and limits to, describing the universe's physical nature.
A Winter in North China
Authors: Morris T. M. , Glover Richard
Published: August 2011

In the winter of 1890, the Reverend T. M. Morris and the Reverend Richard Glover spent five months journeying through the Shantung and Shansi provinces in north China. Commissioned by the Baptist Missionary Society to inspect the work of all missionaries in the area, the two clergymen travelled by boat, cart, wheelbarrow and 'other strange conveyances' in order to complete their mission. Published in 1892, this book compiles the letters sent home by Morris, originally appearing in The East Anglian Daily Times and the Freeman. Writing with notable Christian zeal, Morris ably describes the difficulties faced in such a journey, delighting at the people encountered and wondering at the awe-inspiring landscape. With a preface by Glover attesting to Morris' 'careful and shrewd' observational skills, and a map of the area covered in this remarkable journey, this book provides a novel insight into nineteenth-century China.
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Abate Metastasio
Authors: Burney Charles , Metastasio Pietro
Published: August 2011

This three-volume biography, first published in 1796, recounts the colourful life of the popular Italian poet and librettist Pietro Trapassi (1698–1782), better known by his pseudonym Metastasio. Charles Burney (1726–1814), a British composer and the author of a celebrated four-volume History of Music published between 1776 and 1789, interweaves his own accounts of the poet's life with Metastasio's original letters translated into English. Metastasio's posthumously published correspondence with his friends and patrons provides the essential thread to understanding his complex life and affairs. The son of a shopkeeper, Metastasio was adopted as a young boy by the director of the Arcadian Academy, Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina, who was charmed by the child's extraordinary talent for improvising poetry. Volume 2 covers Metastasio's successful Viennese career from 1751 to 1770, and includes the bulk of his correspondence with his friend the famous castrato Farinelli.
Catalogue of the Type Fossils in the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge
Authors: Woods Henry
Published: August 2011

The collections of fossils housed in this museum, now known as the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, are of international importance. The original collection was begun in 1728, and grew rapidly. This catalogue by Henry Woods (1868–1952), a graduate of the University of Cambridge who undertook curatorial work in the museum between his graduation in 1890 and his appointment as a Demonstrator in Paleobotany in 1892, was first published in 1891. It contains the specific names, classes and orders of 558 specimens in the museum which are 'type specimens' for particular species, and was primarily intended for scholars searching for the location of those specimens. Woods also included the names of individuals who had described each specimen, the name of the collection it was in and references for the specimen. His book provides a valuable record of important fossils in the collection at the time of publication.
Ilios
Authors: Schliemann Heinrich
Published: August 2011

Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890) was a businessman and self-taught archaeologist who is best known for discovering the site of the ancient city of Troy. First published in 1880, this volume contains an account of Schliemann's second excavation at Troy in 1878–1879 and places his earlier discoveries from the excavations of 1871–1873 in context with his more recent work. Schliemann provides a detailed description and the earliest interpretation of the seven settlement phases on the site, with over 1,000 illustrations showing details of the architecture he uncovered. He also describes his controversial methods of excavation, recounting some of the monumental buildings he destroyed to reach the earlier settlement phases of the city. Schliemann's discovery of Troy was met with great enthusiasm; it also created a furious debate over the validity of viewing classical epics as historical fact. This volume remains an important source for the historiography of archaeology.
Trinity College, Cambridge
Authors: Rouse Ball W. W. , New Edmund H.
Published: August 2011

Trinity College was founded in 1546 by Henry VIII, who merged two older institutions, Michaelhouse and the King's Hall. The beauty of Trinity's courts attracts visitors from around the world, but the College is also a thriving, modern community. This history, published in 1906, covers the period from the foundation until the early Victorian era, and will appeal to those interested in the history of both the college and the University. It is divided into chronological chapters, each illustrated by the series editor, Edmund H. New. As Rouse Ball states, '… Trinity College Cambridge is the largest collegiate foundation at either of the ancient universities, and, few, if any visitors to Cambridge leave without walking through its courts. This booklet is written in the belief that there are many such visitors who would like to know rather more about the College than can be learnt from a stroll round its buildings.'
Schools and Delinquency
Authors: Gottfredson Denise C.
Published: August 2011

Schools and Delinquency, first published in 2001, provides a comprehensive review and critique of the current research about the causes of delinquency, substance use, drop-out, and truancy, and the role of the school in preventing these behavior patterns. Examining school-based prevention programs and practices for grades K-12, Denise Gottfredson identifies a broad array of effective strategies improving the school environment, as well as some that specifically target youths at risk of developing problem behaviors. She also explains why several popular school-based prevention strategies are ineffective and should be abandoned. Gottfredson analyzes, within the larger context of the community, the special challenges to effective prevention programming that arise in disorganized settings, identifying ways to overcome these obstacles and to make the most troubled schools safer and more productive environments.