bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum superposition of thermodynamic evolutions with opposing time’s arrows
Authors: Rubino Giulia , Manzano Gonzalo , Brukner Časlav
Published: November 2021

Microscopic physical laws are time-symmetric, hence, a priori there exists no preferential temporal direction. However, the second law of thermodynamics allows one to associate the “forward” temporal direction to a positive variation of the total entropy produced in a thermodynamic process, and a negative variation with its “time-reversal” counterpart. This definition of a temporal axis is normally considered to apply in both classical and quantum contexts. Yet, quantum physics admits also superpositions between forward and time-reversal processes, whereby the thermodynamic arrow of time becomes quantum-mechanically undefined. In this work, we demonstrate that a definite thermodynamic time’s arrow can be restored by a quantum measurement of entropy production, which effectively projects such superpositions onto the forward (time-reversal) time-direction when large positive (negative) values are measured. Finally, for small values (of the order of plus or minus one), the amplitudes of forward and time-reversal processes can interfere, giving rise to entropy-production distributions featuring a more or less reversible process than either of the two components individually, or any classical mixture thereof.
Advances in Prophylaxis and Therapy of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers
Authors: Merabet Othmann , Baize Sylvain
Published: November 2021

Arenaviridae are etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fevers. This family includes viruses such as Lassa, Lujo, Machupo, Guanarito, Sabia, Chapare, and Junin. These zoonotic viruses are hosted by rodents, and initial contamination occurs through contact with contaminated rodent products. Human to human transmission is then possible. A very high lethality is observed after infection with these viruses, and neither a licensed vaccine nor efficient therapy is available in the field. The severity of the disease and the potential dissemination led WHO to consider some of these viruses as priority emerging disease. Some experimental treatments based on immunotherapy and antiviral approaches have been developed, and several vaccine candidates are currently being evaluated. We discuss here the advances in therapy and prophylaxis of arenavirus infections.
Vaccines and Antiviral Developments for SARS-CoV-2 in the Emergence of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Muñoz-Fontela César , Delgado Rafael
Published: November 2021

By April 2021, little more than a year after its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 150 million people worldwide with a toll of over 3 million deaths. No antiviral treatment has shown a clear impact on survival in severe cases, and only anti-inflammatory drugs have been demonstrated with clinical efficacy. A number of vaccines are in quick clinical development, and a few are already in use under emergency-use authorization and have in general demonstrated a high level of protection, especially against severe disease. Nevertheless, control of COVID-19 worldwide is a tremendous global challenge to be faced, and SARS-CoV-2 is predicted to become endemic and subject to local epidemic dissemination in the best possible scenarios. Taking into account this scenario with rapid changes and the extraordinary effort on behalf of the scientific community and industry, at this particular moment in the development of the pandemic this chapter will review our current knowledge of Coronaviruses and their pandemic potential and will initiate what we think will be the main strategies for the development of antiviral drugs able to mitigate the most severe consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Therapeutics Against Nipah and Hendra Virus
Authors: Feldmann Heinz , de Wit Emmie
Published: November 2021

The Henipavirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family currently contains five species; two of those, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), pose a threat to public health. Due to their high case-fatality rate, effective therapeutics are urgently needed. Many compounds have been identified that inhibit HeV and/or NiV replication in vitro. Several of those have also shown efficacy in animal disease models of lethal HeV or NiV infection. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of development of antivirals against HeV and NiV with an in-depth discussion of compounds identified in in vitro screens, their mechanism of action, antiviral efficacy data in animal models and where they are in the development pipeline from bench-to-bedside.
Highly active oxygen reduction reaction on Fe-nanoclustered hierarchical porous carbon derived from CO2
Authors: Byeon Ayeong , Kim Hodong , Park Jae Hyun , Kim Gi Mihn , Lee Jae W.
Published: November 2021

Fe-nanoclustered CO2-derived porous carbon exhibits a comparable oxygen reduction reaction performance to platinum based catalysts.
Competitive gold/nickel transmetalation
Authors: Demchuk Mitchell J. , Zurakowski Joseph A. , Austen Brady J. H. , Nelson David J. , Drover Marcus W.
Published: November 2021

Transmetalation is a key method for the construction of element–element bonds.
Une étude cristallographique: superspace description of a commensurate composite cocrystal of 4,4′-dinitrobiphenyl and biphenyl
Authors: Rekis Toms , Ramakrishnan Sitaram , Kotla Surya Rohith , Bao Jin-Ke , Eisele Claudio , Schönleber Andreas , Noohinejad Leila , Paulmann Carsten , Tolkiehn Martin , van Smaalen Sander
Published: November 2021

The structure of a 4,4′-dinitrobiphenyl and biphenyl 3 : 1 composite cocrystal is presented in (3 + 1)D superspace.
Porous nickel and cobalt hexanuclear ring-like clusters built from two different kind of calixarene ligands – new molecular traps for small volatile molecules
Authors: Kniazeva Mariia V. , Ovsyannikov Alexander S. , Nowicka Beata , Kyritsakas Nathalie , Samigullina Aida I. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Islamov Daut R. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Popova Elena V. , Kleshnina Sofiya R. , Solovieva Svetlana E. , Antipin Igor S. , Ferlay Sylvie
Published: November 2021

The formation and structural analysis of porous hexanuclear ring-like cluster complexes built from two different kind of calixarene ligands is presented, together with their stability and vapor solvent sorption properties.
Combined first-principles statistical mechanics approach to sulfur structure in organic cathode hosts for polymer based lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries
Authors: Schütze Yannik , de Oliveira Silva Ranielle , Ning Jiaoyi , Rappich Jörg , Lu Yan , Ruiz Victor G. , Bande Annika , Dzubiella Joachim
Published: November 2021

A combined DFT–statistical mechanics multi-scale approach unravels the structure of a vulcanized polymer cathode for Li–S batteries and is further supported by Raman spectroscopy. Pentasulfide inter-chain crosslinks are dominant after vulcanization.
Insights into the binding manners of an Fe doped MOF-808 in high-performance adsorption: a case of antimony adsorption
Authors: Sun Baihe , Zhang Kai , Ren Zhong , Ni Chenquan , Hu Huiqin , Zhang Xujing , Yang Liming , Shao Penghui , Shi Hui , Yu Kai , Ding Lin , Peng Yue , Luo Xubiao
Published: November 2021

Fe doping results in the change of SBU and corresponding binding modes of MOF-808.
Manganese oxide as an alternative to vanadium-based catalysts for effective conversion of glucose to formic acid in water
Authors: Li Jialu , Smith Richard Lee , Xu Siyu , Li De , Yang Jirui , Zhang Keqiang , Shen Feng
Published: November 2021

MnOx was used as a vanadium-free catalyst for conversion of glucose to formic acid in water with 81% yield in which α-scission (C1–C2 bond cleavage) with arabinose being an intermediate was found to be the major conversion pathway.
Effect of seed layer thickness on the Ta crystalline phase and spin Hall angle
Authors: Sriram K. , Pala Jay , Paikaray Bibekananda , Haldar Arabinda , Murapaka Chandrasekhar
Published: November 2021

The crystalline phase of the Tantalum (Ta) deposited on the Permalloy (Py) layer strongly depends on seed Py layer thickness. Ta exhibits a phase transition from α-Ta to mixed phase (α+β)-Ta as a function of the Py thickness.
Surface-engineered liposomal particles of calcium ascorbate with fenugreek galactomannan enhanced the oral bioavailability of ascorbic acid: a randomized, double-blinded, 3-sequence, crossover study
Authors: Joseph Ashil , Kumar Dinesh , Balakrishnan Abhilash , Shanmughan Prasanth , Maliakel Balu , IM Krishnakumar
Published: November 2021

A green process to modulate the surface properties of liposome was reported using fenugreek galactomannan hydrogel and successfully applied to vitamin C with significant enhancement in human oral bioavailability.
Cobaloxime tethered pyridine-functionalized ethylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica as an efficient HER catalyst
Authors: Navarro M. Ángeles , Cosano Daniel , Bhunia Asamanjoy , Simonelli Laura , Martin-Diaconescu Vlad , Romero-Salguero Francisco J. , Esquivel Dolores
Published: November 2021

A novel cobaloxime–PMO hybrid material as an efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst under photocatalytic conditions.
Self-assembled nano-composite perovskites as highly efficient and robust hybrid cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Kim Jun Hyuk , Jang Kyuseon , Lim Dae-Kwang , Ahn Sejong , Oh DongHwan , Kim Hyunseung , Seo Jongsu , Choi Pyuck-Pa , Jung WooChul
Published: November 2021

Schematic representation of possible oxygen electrochemical reduction pathways of self-assembled multi-phase cathodes with a synergistic ensemble effect.
Influence of nanoparticle size on blood–brain barrier penetration and the accumulation of anti-seizure medicines in the brain
Authors: Meng Qian , Meng Hongmei , Pan Yong , Liu Jiayu , Li Jiaai , Qi Yanxin , Huang Yubin
Published: November 2021

The effect of nanoparticle size on the penetration of the blood–brain barrier and the accumulation of anti-seizure medicines (carbamazepine) in the brain.
Low-temperature synthesis of a carbon nanocage saturable absorber for pulsed erbium-doped fiber laser generation
Authors: Xu Xintong , Chen Jiaqi , Sun Lang , Chu Shaowen , Sun Dalin , Lu Juan , Wang Dingdi , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: November 2021

Carbon nanocages with controllable nonlinear saturable absorber properties are synthesized at low carbonization temperature, and can be used for the generation of a Q-switching or mode-locking pulsed fiber laser.
Security Analysis in Multicasting over Shadowed Rician and α−μ Fading Channels: A Dual‐hop Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relaying Network
Authors: Sumona Abida Sultana , Kundu Milton Kumar , Badrudduza A. S. M.
Published: November 2021

In this era of 5G technology, the ever‐increasing demands for high data rates lead researchers to develop hybrid satellite‐terrestrial (HST) networks as a substitution to the conventional cellular terrestrial systems. Since an HST network suffers from a masking effect which can be mitigated by adopting the terrestrial relaying strategy, in this work, wireless multicasting is focused on through an HST relaying network (HSTRN) in which a satellite sends messages to multiple terrestrial nodes via multiple relays under the wiretapping efforts of multiple eavesdroppers. The concern is to protect the multicast messages from being eavesdropped taking advantage of the well‐known opportunistic relaying technique. It is considered that the satellite links follow Shadowed Rician fading whereas the terrestrial links undergo fading. The secrecy performance of the proposed HSTRN model is accomplished by deriving expressions for the probability of nonzero secrecy multicast capacity, ergodic secrecy multicast capacity, and secure outage probability for multicasting in closed‐form. Capitalizing on the derived expressions, the authors analyze how a perfect secrecy level can be preserved in spite of harsh channel conditions and also present a secrecy trade‐off in terms of the number of relays, multicast users, and multiple eavesdroppers. Finally, the numerical analyses are corroborated via Monte‐Carlo simulations.
Hydrogen evolution and electromigration in the corrosion of aluminium metal sheath inside high‐voltage cables
Authors: Chen Yidong , Zhou Kai , Kong Jiamin , Akram Shakeel , Ren Xiancheng , Zhang Xiaoshan , Li Yuan , Zhao Qi
Published: November 2021

The urgent need for power transmission is the reason for leading research on the safer operation of high‐voltage cables. These high‐voltage cables are emerging as an efficient technology for underground power transmission. However, the electrochemical corrosion of aluminium (Al) metal sheaths in these cables is a common and challenging degradation process. Herein, the corrosion mechanisms and electrochemical analysis are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and laboratory‐designed electrochemical characterisation techniques. In the corrosion experiments, the authors evaluated the corrosion rate by measuring the release rate of hydrogen gas and explored the different roles of sodium polyacrylate (NaPA) during the corrosion process. It is found that the complexation reactions between NaPA and Al inhibited corrosion while increased the resistance of the buffer layer. The proposed mechanisms of corrosion in this study can improve the lifespan and sustainability of high‐voltage power transmission.
Adaptive dynamic multi‐hop technique for clustering protocol in wireless sensor networks assisted‐Internet of Things applications
Authors: Nasri Mohsen , Lamiri Ahmed , Maaref Hassen , Mghaieth Ridha
Published: November 2021

Recent technological advancements in wireless communication technologies and networking have enabled the Internet of Things (IoT) systems’ designing. Since the wireless sensor networks refer to networks of embedded IoT devices to provide sensing services with limited energy and storage resources, the energy consumption is an important requirement for communication in IoT applications. Clustering algorithms have been investigated as a technique for energy conservation in networks with scarce resources. The appropriate cluster head balances the load in the network, lowering energy consumption and extending the network lifetime. An energy‐saving solution is proposed based on an effective cluster head selection method that assigns cluster heads to nodes based on which have the highest energy level. The proposed algorithm is called Adaptive Dynamic Multi‐Hop‐Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (ADMH‐LEACH). The proposed algorithm is intended for IoT applications in the oil and gas (O&G) industry. The deployment of the adopted algorithm leads to improved field communication, lower maintenance costs, real‐time monitoring, digital oil field infrastructure, lower power consumption, increased asset safety and protection, and thus increased productivity. The ADMH‐LEACH is based on a variety of variables, including initial energy, residual energy, and energy consumed per round, in order to meet quality‐of‐service constraints by following service level agreements for O&G IoT applications. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves network reliability, network lifetime, and load balance significantly in comparison to current algorithms.
Grid‐forming requirements based on stability assessment for 100% converter‐based Irish power system
Authors: Zhao Xianxian , Thakurta Priyanko Guha , Flynn Damian
Published: November 2021

The fault response of a 100% converter‐based system can be significantly different to that of a synchronous generator‐based system, considering the lower capacity headroom, but flexible control capability, of power electronic converters. The system response is investigated for an Irish grid under balanced three‐phase faults comprising of 100% converter‐based generation: grid‐forming (GF) and grid‐following (GL). Electro‐magnetic transient (EMT) simulations show that a system consisting only of GF converters (all droop control, all dispatchable virtual oscillator control, or a mix of both) is robust against three‐phase faults, with little variation in performance, despite the fault location or choice of GF control methods. However, the rating and location of GF converters are critical to operating the grid securely in the presence of both GF and GL converters. Assuming that individual converter bus nodes are either GF or GL, a minimum GF requirement (by capacity) is found to be 37–40%, with these GF converters located close to the major load centres. Assuming instead that individual generation nodes consist of a mix of GF and GL converters, it is found that the GF requirement can be relaxed by 8–10%.
Wavelet‐attention‐based traffic prediction for smart cities
Authors: Nasser Aram , Simon Vilmos
Published: November 2021

Traffic congestion is a problem facing today's world, especially in smart cities where the economy is booming. Solving this issue by upgrading the traffic infrastructure of the city might be very cost‐inefficient as well as time‐consuming. With the help of recent technologies, traffic can be predicted to give the authorities the time to react before congestion evolves. As traffic is affected by several external factors, such as weather and anomalies (accidents, not expected road closures etc.), understanding the relationship between traffic and these factors can improve the prediction even further. In this study, a new method, the weather‐based traffic analysis (hereafter WBTA), is utilised to investigate the temporal correlations between the traffic flow and the exogenous weather factors at different frequencies and time intervals. In addition, a novel method, the wavelet‐attention‐based calculation (hereafter WABC) is introduced to help to understand the importance of each external factor, compared with the others. Five weather factors (temperature, wind speed, rain, visibility, and humidity) are analysed, weighted, and merged with each other as one auxiliary input to improve traffic prediction accuracy. Based on that, the wavelet‐attention‐based prediction model is introduced, where the mean squared error is reduced by 32.3% and 24.52% for one future time step prediction, and 14.9% and 18.22% for five, compared with using the traffic time series alone, and with external factors without weights, respectively.
Waiting times between gamma-ray flares of flat spectrum radio quasars, and constraints on emission processes
Authors: Pacciani L.
Published: November 2021

Context.The physical scenario responsible for gamma-ray flaring activity and its location for flat spectrum radio quasars is still debated.

Aims.The study of the statistical distribution of waiting times between flares, defined as the time intervals between consecutive activity peaks, can give information on the distribution of flaring times and constrain the physical mechanism responsible for gamma-ray emission.

Methods.We adopt here a scan statistic-driven clustering method (iSRS) to recognize flaring states within theFermi-LAT archival data, and identify the time of activity peaks.

Results.We obtained that waiting times between flares can be described with a Poissonian process, consisting of a set of overlapping bursts of flares, with an average burst duration of ∼0.6 year and average rate of ∼1.3 y−1. For short waiting times (below 1 d host-frame) we found a statistically relevant second population, the fast component, consisting of a few tens of cases, most of them revealed for CTA 102. Interestingly, the period of conspicuous detection of the fast component of waiting times for CTA 102 coincides with the reported crossing time of the superluminal K1 feature with the C1 stationary feature in radio.

Conclusions.To reconcile the recollimation shock scenario with the bursting activity, we have to assume that plasma streams with a typical length of ∼2 pc (in the stream reference frame) reach the recollimation shock. Otherwise, the distribution of waiting times can be interpreted as originating from relativistic plasma moving along the jet for a deprojected length of ∼30−50 pc (assuming a bulk Γ = 10) that sporadically produces gamma-ray flares. In the magnetic reconnection scenario, reconnection events or plasma injection to the reconnection sites should be intermittent. Individual plasmoids can be resolved in a few favourable cases only, and could be responsible for the fast component.
Models of pulsationally assisted gravitationally confined detonations with different ignition conditions
Authors: Lach F. , Callan F. P. , Sim S. A. , Röpke F. K.
Published: November 2021

Over the past decades, many explosion scenarios for Type Ia supernovae have been proposed and investigated including various combinations of deflagrations and detonations in white dwarfs of different masses up to the Chandrasekhar mass. One of these is the gravitationally confined detonation model. In this case a weak deflagration burns to the surface, wraps around the bound core, and collides at the antipode. A subsequent detonation is then initiated in the collision area. Since the parameter space for this scenario, that is, varying central densities and ignition geometries, has not been studied in detail, we used pure deflagration models of a previous parameter study dedicated to Type Iax supernovae as initial models to investigate the gravitationally confined detonation scenario. We aim to judge whether this channel can account for one of the many subgroups of Type Ia supernovae, or even normal events. To this end, we employed a comprehensive pipeline for three-dimensional Type Ia supernova modeling that consists of hydrodynamic explosion simulations, nuclear network calculations, and radiative transfer. The observables extracted from the radiative transfer are then compared to observed light curves and spectra. The study produces a wide range in masses of synthesized 56Ni ranging from 0.257 to 1.057 M⊙, and, thus, can potentially account for subluminous as well as overluminous Type Ia supernovae in terms of brightness. However, a rough agreement with observed light curves and spectra can only be found for 91T-like objects. Although several discrepancies remain, we conclude that the gravitationally confined detonation model cannot be ruled out as a mechanism to produce 91T-like objects. However, the models do not provide a good explanation for either normal Type Ia supernovae or Type Iax supernovae.
Approach to Facial Weakness
Authors: Wang Yujie , Cruz Camilo Diaz , Stern Barney J.
Published: November 2021

Facial palsy is a common neurologic concern and is the most common cranial neuropathy. The facial nerve contains motor, parasympathetic, and special sensory functions. The most common form of facial palsy is idiopathic (Bell's palsy). A classic presentation requires no further diagnostic measures, and generally improves with a course of corticosteroid and antiviral therapy. If the presentation is atypical, or concerning features are present, additional studies such as brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis may be indicated. Many conditions may present with facial weakness, either in isolation or with other neurologic signs (e.g., multiple cranial neuropathies). The most important ones to recognize include infections (Ramsay-Hunt syndrome associated with herpes zoster oticus, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and complications of otitis media and mastoiditis), inflammatory (demyelination, sarcoidosis, Miller–Fisher variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome), and neoplastic. No matter the cause, individuals may be at risk for corneal injury, and, if so, should have appropriate eye protection. Synkinesis may be a bothersome residual phenomenon in some individuals, but it has a variety of treatment options including neuromuscular re-education and rehabilitation, botulinum toxin chemodenervation, and surgical intervention.
The Outpatient Approach to Dizziness
Authors: Brune Anthony J. , Eggenberger Eric R.
Published: November 2021

The evaluation of the dizzy patient is complicated by many common pitfalls. The patient's description of symptoms and the standard neurologic examination are often nonspecific or unrevealing, and neuroimaging is most often normal. Over the past several years, research has demonstrated that a refocusing of history taking results in more reliable and diagnostically helpful information. This can guide a targeted expansion of the exam, often with an emphasis on eye movements.
The use of default forms in codeswitching
Authors: de Prada Pérez Ana , Feroce Nicholas , Kennedy Lillian
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the effects that codeswitching (CS) has on mood selection in restrictive relative clauses in
the Spanish of heritage speakers (HSs). Spanish HS participants completed an online acceptability judgment task in which they
rated monolingual (i.e., unilingual) and codeswitched sentences containing verbs in indicative and subjunctive mood in restrictive
relative clauses manipulated for specificity of the antecedent. The results indicated an association of the subjunctive with
non-specificity in monolingual sentences that was lost in the codeswitched sentences, although this effect was modulated by
proficiency. These results are discussed in terms of the use of default forms in CS.
The metapragmatics of mode choice
Authors: Stæhr Andreas Candefors , Nørreby Thomas Rørbeck
Published: November 2021

In this article, we investigate the use of social media in contemporary family interaction from a linguistic ethnographic
perspective. Inspired by Auer’s (1998) work on code-switching in conversation, we study how
family members choose and sometimes alternate between digitally mediated and face-to-face modes of communication in various family settings.
Based on ethnographic observations, the participants’ metapragmatic reflections, and their interactional orientations to mode choices, we
show how such choices serve social and metapragmatic functions in the interaction between family members who are present in the same house
or even in the same room. Accordingly, we argue in favor of situating peoples’ polymedia repertoires in a broader framework of communicative
repertoires.
A phase field crystal model for materials crystallization in the presence of nanoscale pores
Authors: Sharma Abash , Asadi Ebrahim , Laradji Mohamed
Published: November 2021

The present work focuses on the development of a relatively simple phase field crystal model for materials with nanoscale porous inclusions. We found that the pore’s main effect is to act as a nucleation agent, promoting crystallization of material at the pore’s interface, followed by micro-structural evolution of the solid in the supercooled liquid. Details of the crystal around the pore are investigated in terms of the pore radius and density of material outside the pore. Moreover, details of the pore-material interface is investigated through the interfacial tension and pressure. Finally, the model is extended to investigate the effect of multiple pores on the kinetics of crystallization.
Evolution of hysteresis characteristic of shape memory alloys at incomplete phase transformation cyclic loading
Authors: You Yajun , Guo Xin
Published: November 2021

The phase transformation ratchetting of shape memory alloys (SMAs) at incomplete phase transformation cyclic loading is experimentally and theoretically investigated. To this end, two different kinds of incomplete phase transformation cyclic loading tests on NiTi wires are performed, i.e. incomplete transformation cyclic loads are respectively applied at the stages of forward martensitic transformation and reverse martensitic transformation. When the cyclic load of incomplete transformation is applied in the forward martensitic transformation stage, a novel phenomenon is discovered: although there is no greater stress to drive the anstenite turn to martensite, the SMAs can still gradually undergo martensitic transformation and accumulation until martensite reaches saturation. The hysteretic behavior finally reaches a shakedown state where the strain–stress curve no longer changes with the number of cycles. When the cyclic load of incomplete transformation is applied in the reverse martensitic transformation stage, a similar phenomenon is obtained. According to the analysis of the temperature evolution during the deformation process of the SMAs, combined with the relationship between the phase transformation yield stress and the temperature of SMAs, the experimental results are reasonably explained. This research is of great significance for a more comprehensive grasp of the mechanical behavior of SMAs.
Performance scaling and trade-offs for collective motor-driven transport
Authors: Leighton Matthew P , Sivak David A
Published: November 2021

Motor-driven intracellular transport of organelles, vesicles, and other molecular cargo is a highly collective process. An individual cargo is often pulled by a team of transport motors, with numbers ranging from only a few to several hundred. We explore the behavior of these systems using a stochastic model for transport of molecular cargo by an arbitrary number N of motors obeying linear Langevin dynamics, finding analytic solutions for the N-dependence of the velocity, precision of forward progress, energy flows between different system components, and efficiency. In two opposing regimes, we show that these properties obey simple scaling laws with N. Finally, we explore trade-offs between performance metrics as N is varied, providing insight into how different numbers of motors might be well-matched to distinct contexts where different performance metrics are prioritized.
Continuous dissipative phase transitions with or without symmetry breaking
Authors: Minganti Fabrizio , Arkhipov Ievgen I , Miranowicz Adam , Nori Franco
Published: November 2021

The paradigm of second-order phase transitions (PTs) induced by spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in thermal and quantum systems is a pillar of modern physics that has been fruitfully applied to out-of-equilibrium open quantum systems. Dissipative phase transitions (DPTs) of second order are often connected with SSB, in close analogy with well-known thermal second-order PTs in closed quantum and classical systems. That is, a second-order DPT should disappear by preventing the occurrence of SSB. Here, we prove this statement to be wrong, showing that, surprisingly, SSB is not a necessary condition for the occurrence of second-order DPTs in out-of-equilibrium open quantum systems. We analytically prove this result using the Liouvillian theory of DPTs, and demonstrate this anomalous transition in a paradigmatic laser model, where we can arbitrarily remove SSB while retaining criticality, and on a Z
2-symmetric model of a two-photon Kerr resonator. This new type of PT cannot be interpreted as a ‘semiclassical’ bifurcation, because, after the DPT, the system steady state remains unique.
Systematic study of cluster radioactivity half-lives based on a modified Gamow-like model
Authors: Liu Hong-Ming , Zou You-Tian , Pan Xiao , Li Xiao-Hua , Wu Xi-Jun , He Biao
Published: November 2021

In this study, taking into account of the contribution of the centrifugal potential on half-life and the effect of electrostatic shielding, we modify the Gamow-like model proposed by Zdeb et al [2013 Phys. Rev.
C
87, 024 308] to systematically investigate the cluster radioactivity half-lives of nuclei ranging from 221Fr to 238U. The calculated results can reproduce the experimental data well. Additionally, this modified Gamow-like model is applied to predict the half-lives of cluster radioactivity nuclei whose experimental half-lives have the lower limit. It is found that the predicted results are in good agreement with the ones obtained by using the Gamow-like model and a Viola-Seaborg type formula.
Combined effects of cycling endurance and total ionizing dose on floating gate memory cells
Authors: Song Si-De , Liu Guo-Zhu , He Qi , Gu Xiang , Hong Gen-Shen , Wu Jian-Wei
Published: November 2021

The combined effects of cycling endurance and radiation on floating gate memory cell are investigated in detail, and the obtained results are listed below. (i) The programmed flash cells with a prior appropriate number of program and easing cycling stress exhibit much smaller threshold voltage shift than without those in response to radiation, which is ascribed mainly to the recombination of trapped electrons (introduced by cycling stress) and trapped holes (introduced by irradiation) in the oxide surrounding the floating gate. (ii) The radiation induced transconductance degradation in prior cycled flash cell is more severe than those without cycling stress in the programmed state or erased state. (iii) Radiation is more likely to set up the interface generation in programmed state than in erased state. This paper will be useful in understanding the issues involved in cycling endurance and radiation effects as well as in designing radiation hardened floating gate memory cells.
Paleohydrological context for recent floods and droughts in the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Brice Becky L , Coulthard Bethany L , Homfeld Inga K , Dye Laura A , Anchukaitis Kevin J
Published: November 2021

The recent intensification of floods and droughts in the Fraser River Basin (FRB) of British Columbia has had profound cultural, ecological, and economic impacts that are expected to be exacerbated further by anthropogenic climate change. In part due to short instrumental runoff records, the long-term stationarity of hydroclimatic extremes in this major North American watershed remains poorly understood, highlighting the need to use high-resolution paleoenvironmental proxies to inform on past streamflow. Here we use a network of tree-ring proxy records to develop 11 subbasin-scale, complementary flood- and drought-season reconstructions, the first of their kind. The reconstructions explicitly target management-relevant flood and drought seasons within each basin, and are examined in tandem to provide an expanded assessment of extreme events across the FRB with immediate implications for water management. We find that past high flood-season flows have been of greater magnitude and occurred in more consecutive years than during the observational record alone. Early 20th century low flows in the drought season were especially severe in both duration and magnitude in some subbasins relative to recent dry periods. Our Fraser subbasin-scale reconstructions provide long-term benchmarks for the natural flood and drought variability prior to anthropogenic forcing. These reconstructions demonstrate that the instrumental streamflow records upon which current management is based likely underestimate the full natural magnitude, duration, and frequency of extreme seasonal flows in the FRB, as well as the potential severity of future anthropogenically forced events.
Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Sekarningsih A T , Budianta W , Warmada I W , Hinode H
Published: November 2021

The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.
Toraja culture in relation to the Rambu Solo Cemetery building in Nonongan
Authors: Siahaan U , Sudarwani M M , Widati G
Published: November 2021

Today almost all promotions on Toraja culture are focused on Rambu Solo’ traditional ceremony. One of the values of Rambu solo’ is love and affection for the deceased (siri ’tomate), which is parents, grandmothers or ancestors. However, the Rambu Solo’ experiences a shift in value, due to economic and technological progress. The intrinsic meaning of Rambu Solo’ is less attention, while the highlight is the prestige (siri ’totuo) aspect. The purpose of the research is to restore and clarify the noble values contained in the Rambu Solo’ traditional ceremony and to preserve the philosophical values possessed by the traditional ceremony. This research method uses a rationalistic paradigm with a qualitative approach. By revitalizing traditional values and restoring customary practices in accordance with the prevailing customary rules, in the end it also revitalized cultural preservation considering that bamboo roofing Tongkonan and Alang and Banga poles are the main building in the Rambu Solo’ ceremony. Revitalizing traditional technology in making Tongkonan and Alang, the supply of original materials for making Tongkonan & Alang should also be the point of attention.
Building material engineering for Coronavirus (COVID-19) prevention with thermal ambient in a 2-storey residential
Authors: Sulistiowati A D , Farhan A S
Published: November 2021

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 pandemic is an event of the spread of the corona virus around the world. LIPI researchers stated that air temperature and humidity can affect the spread of the corona virus. Coronavirus resistance decreases in hot air temperatures and high humidity. Based on the problem of hot air temperature and high humidity that can retard the spread of the corona virus, a study was carried out on the effect of the material on the thermal conditions of buildings to reduce the spread of the corona virus. Thermal measurements are carried out on a 2-story residential house. The research objective was to determine the thermal condition of the 2-story residential material which can reduce the spread of the corona virus. The research method is quantitative research method with experimental approach. The quantitative research method with an experimental approach is to measure air temperature and humidity on several materials of a 2-storey residential house using ecotect software. The results of the research are ceramic floor materials, brick walls, glass openings, gypsum ceilings and ceramic tile roofs have thermal conditions that can reduce the spread of the corona virus in a 2-story residential house.
The impact of historic building toward regional sustainability: Case study Menara Kudus, Indonesia
Authors: Anisa A , Lissimia F
Published: November 2021

Menara Kudus area marks the beginning of Kudus City, Central Java, Indonesia. The area is famous for its many historic buildings, including Menara Kudus, Al Aqsa Mosque, the traditional Kudus house, and Sunan Kudus tomb complex. Menara Kudus area is an area visited by pilgrims and tourists. In addition, there are many “pesantren” in the surrounding area that make this area never look deserted. Economic development thrives around the area but doesn’t necessarily change physical setting. This study was designed to describe the impact of historic buildings in Menara Kudus area on the sustainability of the surrounding area. The method used in this research is qualitative interpretive descriptive, which analyzes field data using 3 aspects of sustainability which is economic, social and environmental fields. The analysis phase is carried out through 3 stages. The first stage is the explanation and description of historic buildings around the Holy Tower. The second stage, discuss and describe the economic, social, and environmental aspects around the Menara Kudus. The third stage, interpretation to see the impact toward surrounding area. The results of this study show there are significant influence between historic buildings and the sustainability of the area, especially on the economic aspect. Crowds of pilgrims and tourists visiting the Menara Kudus area make economic activity in the surrounding area flourish. Likewise, with the presence of “santri” from outside the Kudus area which is in the vicinity of Menara Kudus. The existence of a institution that manages the Mosque, the Tomb, and Menara Kudus and the Kudus Cultural Heritage Team makes this area neatly arranged so that it supports the sustainability of the region.
The application of healing architecture and green architecture in hospital for children
Authors: Sigalingging P , Ismanto R , Sudarwani M M
Published: November 2021

Healing Architecture Approach which is generally interpreted as healing which is done through architectural elements. In its application, Healing Architecture is generally associated with giving aspects of colour and nature into buildings, considering these two aspects are proven to be able to help the patient’s recovery rate. But by definition, the application of Healing Architecture does not always have to be realized in the form of the two aspects above. The purpose of the research is providing medical health facilities for children and special services for children’s character with a healing architecture approach and based on the green building concept. The study process used in designing the Children’s Hospital with the Healing Architecture Approach and the Application of the Green Building Concept is carried out by a research method that is quantitative-correlative analysis, which is to find and determine the correlation between the research variables. In a design object, a new approach is applied in the Healing Architecture principle. This approach is applied in the design of objects by presenting a healing feel of the architecture of the building itself in hospital activities. The Healing Architecture approach is supported by the green concept, which includes the entire building.
Culinary facilities in sabang street as a public space with the application of green modern architecture
Authors: Wenang A , Siahaan U , Ismanto R
Published: November 2021

Culinary facilities are now experiencing rapid development and are increasingly popular among the public, especially teenagers in Jakarta or tourists who deliberately want to taste Indonesian culinary. This can occur due to changes in the lifestyle of the people of Jakarta in fulfilling food consumption. The people of Jakarta consume food not only to meet their basic needs, but also to find satisfaction with taste, service, atmosphere and scenery and it can be made as a hangout place with friends, colleagues, etc. With the changing patterns or trends of this society, it has prompted many entrepreneurs to build many culinary buildings in new locations. Going down the street in Jakarta to find a culinary place, is definitely very fun. Once fanatical food hunters, they are willing to take the time to hunt for their favorite dishes. Amazingly, this hunting continues to grow so that it often creates new communities. The fact that culinary activities will never die has even become a new hobby and new lifestyle for the people of Jakarta. As with the complexity of the city of Jakarta, the culinary in Jakarta is very varied. Almost all food both from within and outside the country can be found in Jakarta, one of which is in the area of Jalan Sabang which is already famous for its culinary hawker centers that can be enjoyed by any group of people, both upper, middle and lower class. It could be said, Jalan Sabang is a culinary facility for public spaces, especially for the Central Jakarta area
Design study with modern architectural approach to football academy building in Jakarta
Authors: Daeli R , Pare S , Sudarwani M M
Published: November 2021

Football is the most popular sport in almost all countries in the world, not least in Indonesia is a country that has the fourth largest population in the world, meaning that the population of a large country the quality of its human resources is also large, but when measured in terms of quality, Indonesia is categorized into one of the countries that has not been proud enough in its achievements in sports. In the field of soccer, Indonesia is not very competitive in various ways, especially in education, from nurseries to coaching to the empowerment of its athletes. As we know, the field of sports can be the pride of a country, and football can also be the glue of national unity, especially Indonesia, which has a diversity of tribes and cultures. Football is played by all levels of Indonesian society regardless of age, status, background and race. Various solutions are often launched by Indonesian soccer (PSSI) in an effort to improve and improve football at the junior level, among others, by promoting training programs from an early age and launching competitions in certain age groups.
The utilization pattern of east flood canal as public open space in urban area
Authors: Wardiningsih S , Dwi P F , Wahyudi S I , Adi H P , Supriyanto E
Published: November 2021

East Flood Canal is one of the manmade waterfront public open spaces in Jakarta which is often visited by residents. The existence of the public open space is very important for society. The purpose of the study is to identify the utilization pattern of public open space on canal banks and analyze the problems related to the utilization of this space. Method used place-centered mapping to identify physical characteristic of public open space and patterns of activity that occur in the study area. The study is conducted in the segment East Flood Canal on Jl. Kolonel Sugiono, Duren Sawit sub-district, East Jakarta. The result is the pattern of utilizing public open space in the four zones in the East Flood Canal segment is linear because the pattern follows the physical setting of pedestrian circulation paths and bicycle lanes. This study suggests both two circulation pathways (pedestrian and bicycle) need to be designed continuously along the canal and equipped with adequate facilities. Improvement of the planning, design, and maintenance of public open space in the segment of canal will have many benefits to increase social interaction, recreational activities, educational communication, and also a concern for the hydrological aspects of the canal.
The symbolic and architectural philosophy of higher seminary in Bogor diocese
Authors: Sembiring A N , Erwin B , Sudarwani M M
Published: November 2021

To become a Catholic religious leader must go through a special education known as seminary. Nowadays, a seminary especially Higher Seminary consisting of building facilities is needed to accommodate all the needs in producing priests among Indonesian Catholics, especially in the Sufragan Diocese of Bogor. The purpose of this research is to plan and design a Catholic seminary facility as a means of educating prospective priests in accordance with the activities and objectives. The Higher seminary complex is taken from the concept of “Symbolic and Architectural Philosophy”, which is a complex that can create or condition an environment that is capable of being an ideal vessel for the growth of faith by prospective priests, and all people regardless of differences. The concept is designed to follow the guidelines set also in the Catholic order, both religiously / liturgically, and contextually.