bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La description de l’estampe, à la croisée de la littérature et de l’histoire de l’art
Authors: Gallian Nastasia , Stambul Léo
Published: November 2024

Cette introduction interroge une modalité particulière des interactions existant entre le texte et l’image gravée à l’époque moderne : la description, qui peut prendre la forme d’une entreprise de clarification et de déchiffrement, mais aussi d’une représentation verbale (exhaustive ou non). Lorsqu’elle fait de l’estampe son objet, la description peut s’attacher à éclairer, par touches vivantes et sensibles, le sujet de l’image, en empruntant bien souvent son lexique à l’ekphrasis de tableau. Elle peut aussi s’intéresser aux spécificités matérielles des gravures, notamment dans le cadre de textes à vocation pratique, tels que les catalogues. Dans des cas plus rares, la description de l’estampe synthétise ces deux aspects, iconographique et technique, de manière à questionner les caractéristiques propres à ce medium, entre littérature et histoire de l’art. De la description de la figure représentée à la prise en compte de la spécificité du medium gravé qui la représente, l’acte de décrire l’estampe apparaît donc comme un lieu propice pour interroger la dignité de l’estampe comme œuvre rivalisant avec les autres arts.
ChatGPT vs Teacher Roles in Developing EFL Writing
Authors: Sawangwan Sirin
Published: November 2024

This study statistically compared the differences between Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) and teacher instruction, comparing the use of ChatGPT with teachers' roles in developing English as a Foreign Language writing. A mixed-method approach was employed. The quantitative component examined learners' writing performance, before and after revisions given by ChatGPT, as well as before and after receiving teacher instruction. Additionally, the study explores the differences between the results in the two groups. The qualitative analysis explored outcomes of using ChatGPT and identified teachers' roles through observational data. A total of 50 English-language learners from a public university were involved as a sample. The results, based on Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet-Based Test (TOEFL-iBT) criteria, revealed that teacher instruction led to higher scores and greater improvement than the use of ChatGPT revisions. Key implications of this study highlight teachers' roles in areas ChatGPT cannot replicate: (a) understanding writing criteria, (b) developing individual critical thinking, and (c) offering ethical guidance. Integrating ChatGPT into writing curricula and AI professional development are recommended.
FANE
Authors: Arya Varsha , Attar Razaz Waheeb , Alhomoud Ahmed , Casillo Mario , Colace Francesco , Conte Dajana , Lombardi Marco , Santaniello Domenico , Valentino Carmine
Published: November 2024

In today's society, the continuous exchange of vast amounts of information, often irrelevant or misleading, highlights the need for greater awareness to distinguish between accurate and false information. Recognizing the reliability of information is critical to limiting the spread of fake news, a pervasive problem affecting various sectors, influencing public opinion, and shaping decisions in health care, politics, culture, and history. This paper proposes a methodology to assess the veracity of information, leveraging natural language processing (NLP) and probabilistic models to extract relevant features and predict the reliability of content. The features analyzed include semantic, syntactic, and social dimensions. The proposed methodology was tested using datasets that include social media news and comments captured during the lockdown due to COVID-19, providing relevant context for the analysis. Experimental validation of these different datasets yields promising results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Assessing Continuance Intention to Use Digital Wallet
Authors: Shanmugavel Nagarajan , Rana Nripendra P. , Parayitam Satyanarayana , Kumar Kumod
Published: November 2024

The key objective of this research is to propose and examine a conceptual model that best explains the technology adoption and the continuation intention to use digital wallet from the Indian perspective. The extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) and updated IS success model were used as the background theories to propose a research model for this research. Furthermore, perceived security and perceived privacy was added with the combined model. A cross-sectional design was adopted involving data from 629 faculty members of commerce and management disciplines related to universities across India through a non-probabilistic sampling procedure. Two stage structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was adopted to analyse the data. The results show that technology satisfaction was significantly influenced by effort expectancy, performance expectancy, perceived enjoyment, perceived ubiquity, system quality, information quality, service quality, perceived privacy and perceived security, that finally results in the continuation intention to use.
Informal Address Practices among University Students in Sri Lanka: A Case Study
Authors: Ramachandra I. C.
Published: November 2024

The use of address terms within communication settings across divergent cultures is a core determinant of understanding the essential correspondence between language and society. Informed by Brown and Gilman’s prominent seminal study on the pronouns of power and solidarity (1960), various research studies have been conducted to explore the sociolinguistic dimensions as observed in the address practices employed by specific communities belonging to different cultures. However, there is a notable dearth of sociolinguistic research on the significance of the terms of address used within the Sri Lankan context, and while addressing this research gap, the present study attempts to investigate the informal address strategies used among Sri Lankan university undergraduates, specifically with regards to their interactions governed by solidarity behaviours. Primary data required for the study were collected from a survey questionnaire directed to a sample of 35 undergraduates (response rate: 74%) studying in a specific faculty of a state university in Sri Lanka and the research methodology involves the grounded theory of qualitative approach and thematic analysis. The reported key findings of the study encompass the following address categories: prosoponyms, appellatives, ‘campus cards’, kinship terms, honorifics, and compound phrases. These informal address terms governed by solidarity are further characterized by the individuality, variety and creativity of university cultures, and exhibit a wide range of unique uses that are highly receptive to multicultural, intercultural, and sub-cultural variations. As such, they reflect the sociocultural specificities and attitudinal viewpoints of the interlocutors, showcasing the adaptability and fluidity of address strategies in communication within Sri Lankan university contexts.
Theobromine for treatment of uric acid stones and other diseases
Authors: Trinchieri Alberto
Published: November 2024

Theobromine (or 3,7-dimethylxanthine) is a natural alkaloid present in cocoa plant and its derivatives, such as chocolate. About 20% of ingested theobromine is excreted unchanged in the urine. Theobromine also derived from caffeine that is metabolized into theobromine by 12%. The primary metabolites of theobromine are 3-methylxantine, 7-methylxantine, 7-methyluric acid and 3,7-dimethyluric acid. Theobromine has an inhibitory activity of uric acid crystallization, because it has a structural pattern very similar to uric acid and can substitute uric acid molecules in the corresponding uric acid crystals, making them longer and thinner and decreasing their growth rate. Theobromine also favors the dissolution of crystals by decreasing supersaturation of uric acid by forming aggregates with uric acid through hydrogen bonds and aromatic stacking interactions (-stacking bonds) increasing urinary solubility of uric acid. Theobromine can be used for uric acid stone dissolution in combination with alkalinization to reduce the dose of citrate, thus preventing excessive alkalinization and the risk of formation of sodium urate crystals. Theobromine could also be used to treat patient with xanthine stones that cannot be dissolved by alkalinization because the solubility of xanthine is relatively independent of urinary pH. A metabolite of theobromine, 7-methylxanthine, has the potential to be used for the prevention of the formation of sodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid of gouty patients.
Assessment Futures: Reflections on the next decade of Psychological Assessment in South Africa
Authors: Laher Sumaya
Published: November 2024

No abstract available.
Home visits for preterm/low birthweight infants in South Africa: Qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Cooper Sara , Kallon Idriss I. , Mabetha Denny , Brand Amanda S. , Kredo Tamara , Pillay Shakti , Kali Gugu , Odendaal Willem
Published: November 2024

Background: Prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) are the main causes of neonatal mortality in South Africa (SA). Home visits by lay health workers (LHWs) may be effective in addressing this.Aim: To inform a national guideline on LHW home visits as part of the Global Evidence, Local Adaptation (GELA) project, we conducted a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis exploring the acceptability, feasibility and equitability of this intervention for preterm and LBW babies.Setting: We included studies conducted in SA.Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase until 15 September 2023 and identified eligible studies independently and in duplicate. We synthesised evidence using thematic analysis, assessed study quality using an adaptation of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool and assessed confidence in the review findings using GRADE-CERQual.Results: The 16 eligible studies included diverse settings and populations in SA. Factors facilitating mothers’ acceptance included the knowledge and skills gained, the psychosocial support offered and improved healthcare access and relationships with facility staff. Distrust in LHWs and stigma associated with home visits were barriers to acceptance. Lay health workers’ acceptance was facilitated by them feeling empowered. The emotional burden of home visits for LHWs, coupled with insufficient training and support, undermined the feasibility of home visits.Conclusion: A complex range of interacting contextual factors may impact on the implementation of home visit programmes for preterm and LBW infants in SA.Contribution: This country profile provides insights into how home visits for preterm and LBW infants in SA might be contextually tailored to increase local relevance and in turn effectiveness, with potential relevance for other African countries.
The garden city as a commons: Social-ethical perspectives on the new housing question
Authors: Meireis Torsten , Johrendt Lukas
Published: November 2024

Europe faces a severe shortage in affordable housing. Even though the situation is less dire than in many cities of the Global South, rising rents and real estate prices affect the poorest hardest. Faith-based organisations, especially Christian churches, have monitored and tackled this problem for more than six decades.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The paper discusses this issue from a social-ethical perspective featuring the example of Germany. It depicts the role of the churches, scrutinises the causes of the shortage, explains the situation as a problem of justice and presents an urban vision inspired by Christian tradition, namely the garden city as a commons. In a mixed motives approach, it presents concrete policy suggestions to improve the situation.
Mobilisation of Berea Baptist Mission Church’s assets towards ‘Just housing’ in Johannesburg: An oikomissiological perspective
Authors: Mangayi Lukwikilu C.
Published: November 2024

Housing is one of the greatest needs that African immigrants confront in Johannesburg’s inner city, South Africa. One of the reasons for the manifestation of shortage of housing correlates with the large-scale and uncontrollable migration, which has occurred over the past three decades or so. This mass migration, predominantly of black Africans, has drastically reconfigured the demographics of Johannesburg’s inner city. Unfortunately, most African migrants and refugees who happened to be foreigners find that they are excluded from the benefits of housing services. This reality brings into focus one of the socio-economic gaps and class realities of cities, that is, most of the urban migrants, specifically in the Johannesburg inner city are poor. Berea Baptist Mission Church (BBMC) ministers daily to this volatile vulnerable ’rightless‘ migrant community.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: In this article, the author argues for ways that BBMC can mobilise its assets towards formulating and reimagining new conditions under which affordable, sustainable and aesthetically attractive housing in an urban environment such as Johannesburg’s inner city is feasible. Insights from the ‘oiko-missiological perspective’ are helpful in this process of formulation and reimagination of new conditions towards ‘just housing’ in Johannesburg’s inner city.
Effectiveness of Three-dimensional Cardiac Computed Tomography Scan in Congenital Heart Surgery–An Impact on Diagnostic Performance and Surgical Management
Authors: Kumar Alok , Ganguly Monalisha , Dhanalakshmi B , Chakrabarti Ritwik , Mishra Arvind , Tiwari Nikhil
Published: November 2024

Background:

Recent advances in gated cardiac contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) with anesthesia support, enhance the imaging performance in congenital heart disease (CHD). 3D reconstruction of the CECT image is a novel modality that could help manage pediatric cardiac patients.

Methods:

A retrospective study of children diagnosed with CHD presenting for surgical intervention (n = 139) was carried out at our cardiac surgical center. Primary diagnosis was established by transthoracic echocardiography. Analysis of all data and reports including echocardiography, cardiac CECT, operative notes, and medical documents were performed to determine the impact of cardiac 3D CECT concerning the following: supporting the primary diagnosis, providing relevant diagnostic information, prompting management changes, cardiac catheterization or interventions.

Results:

Forty-eight children underwent cardiac CECT scans and 3D reconstruction of the images over one year. The indications of 3D CECT included suspicion of extracardiac shunt, delineation of vascular anatomy, and intracardiac structure extent identification. With cardiac 3D CECT, every patient’s primary diagnostic question was answered with ease. Moreover, the accuracy of the diagnosis gave increased confidence among surgeons in the procedures they performed. 3D Cardiac CECT brought a change in the surgical management in 35.4% of scans, there was percutaneous intervention in 12.55% and surgery was abandoned and changed to medical management in 48%.

Conclusions:

For children reported with complex CHD, it was evident that cardiac 3D CECT in selected patients was accurate, supported the primary diagnostic questions in almost all cases, and aided in optimization that further had an impact on surgical intervention and management.
Clinical Benefits of Parasternal Block with Multihole Catheters when Inserted before Sternotomy
Authors: Eljezi Vedat , Jallas Crispin , Pereira Bruno , Chasteloux Melanie , Dualé Christian , Camilleri Lionel
Published: November 2024

Background:

The aim of this study was to assess whether parasternal block with multihole catheters inserted before surgical incision enables to alleviate postoperative analgesia and opioid reduction in cardiac surgery patients with sternotomy.

Methods:

Twenty-six adult patients scheduled for cardiac surgery with sternotomy aged between 18 and 84 olds were included in this prospective, monocentric, open, single-group trial. Two parasternal multihole catheters were inserted on each side of the sternum before the surgical skin incision for cardiac surgery and 10 mL of ropivacaine 7.5 mg mL–1 was initially administered in each catheter. Local anesthetic administration followed by continued infusion at 3 mL hr–1 of ropivacaine 2 mg mL–1 per catheter for 48 h postoperatively upon patient arrival in the intensive care unit. The efficacy of the parasternal block was assessed according to a composite endpoint including pain score at rest, pain score during movements (dynamic pain), and morphine consumption over 48 hours.

Results:

The treatment failed in 11 patients and was considered effective in 15 patients. Sixteen patients out of 26 had a sternal pain score ≤≤3/10 on more than 75% of observations, and the treatment was considered successful. In 23/26 patients (88%), the mean pain score at cough was ≤≤3.5/10 and the treatment was considered successful. Morphine consumption over 48 h was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group 7 mg [6; 21] versus 142 mg [116; 176] (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Parasternal block with multihole catheters inserted before the surgical incision is an effective technique for postoperative analgesia and opioid reduction.
Melioidosis in the head-and-neck region
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Singh Vasudha
Published: November 2024

Burkholderia pseudomallei, an environmental saprophyte, causes an infection that results in melioidosis. A high case-fatality rate is linked to it. Melioidosis is becoming an increasingly global infection. It can present a wide spectrum of manifestations and can affect any part of the human being. The head-and-neck region is a major site of melioidosis infection. Melioidosis in the head-and-neck region is a potentially life-threatening infection. Careful clinical correlation and proper evaluation are needed to establish an early diagnosis of melioidosis. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are very required. A high index of suspicion in susceptible patients should prompt assessment for melioidosis. The awareness of melioidosis and its clinical manifestations with early diagnosis are needed to avoid failure of treatment which may result in high morbidity and mortality. As melioidosis in the head-and-neck region is not so common, there is very less information available. Therefore, a review article on melioidosis in the head-and-neck region is written with consideration of epidemiology, aetiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
A qualitative ‘free-list’ analysis of the challenges in the implementation of competency-based medical education for MBBS students in a Government Medical College in Assam
Authors: Deka Chandana , Borah Madhur
Published: November 2024

Background:

In India, competency-based medical education (CBME) was introduced for the 2019–2020 batch of Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students.

Methods:

The objective of this study was to identify the key challenges perceived by the medical college faculties in the implementation of the CBME curriculum for MBBS students. This was a qualitative cross-sectional study using the free-lists method to obtain data from 25 faculties about their perceptions of challenges regarding the implementation of CBME.

Results:

The most frequent items mentioned by faculty members were: less workforce, inadequate infrastructure, less training, assessment methodology and non-simplified curriculum. The challenge regarding the workforce had the highest Smith’s salience index score of 0.41, followed by inadequate infrastructure and inadequate time distribution for competencies in the curriculum.

Conclusions:

As the challenges related to the curriculum were identified, addressing them with the incorporation of local needs and aspirations is the need of the hour.
Endovascular management of Wunderlich syndrome
Authors: Mutnuru Phani Chakravarty , Devra Rahul , Dheeraj S. S. S. , Chinta Sridevi
Published: November 2024

Wunderlich syndrome (WS) is a spontaneous, non-traumatic retroperitoneal haemorrhage confined to the subcapsular or perinephric spaces. Various neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathologies can cause this entity, renal angiomyolipoma being the most common. Early accurate diagnosis and timely intervention are required for a favourable outcome. We present the case of a 37-year-old female with no previous comorbidities who developed severe pain in the left loin since 1 day after a fall from a chair. Ultrasonography abdomen done in outside hospital revealed massive splenomegaly with perisplenic haematoma and moderate haemoperitoneum. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen showed bilateral renal angiomyolipomas with intralesional aneurysms and active bleeding on the left side. In view of active contrast leak and fall in haemoglobin %, endovascular embolisation was done through right transfemoral arterial access. The patient was discharged in stable condition. During 1-month follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic.
A cross-sectional study on attitude towards online teaching versus classroom teaching in medical undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Reddy Gunapati Rama Mohan , Naganjani Chigurupati Venkata , Sulochana Pisipati Raja
Published: November 2024

Background:

The closure of educational activities in India due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an unplanned shift from classroom teaching to online education. Hence, online education has become a key component in the continuity of education. Based on this, the present study aimed to explore the attitude towards online teaching versus classroom teaching amongst medical students at Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada.

Methods:

One hundred and thirty two 2nd year medical students participated in this online survey carried out in November 2020 after the completion of 4 months of online classes. A set of self-designed questionnaires were administered to the students, to assess their attitude towards online teaching versus classroom teaching on various parameters.

Results:

The study result shows that online classes (7.6%) were not superior to conventional classroom teachings (50.8%) and 41.7% opted for both.

Conclusions:

We could conclude from our study that students were not much satisfied with online teaching, but it was the need of the hour. Online teaching can supplement the process of present education, but it cannot be a substitute for the established system of education.
Perception and practices regarding electronic waste amongst undergraduate medical students: A cross-sectional study in a medical college in Kolkata
Authors: Ghosh Santanu , Pal Moumita , Das Sukesh , Das Avijit
Published: November 2024

Background:

With rapid increase in electronic waste (e-waste) burden in countries like India, it is essential that undergraduate medical students should possess adequate knowledge on the hazards of e-waste and its disposal as future physicians.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 384 undergraduate medical students at a medical college. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between sociodemographic variables and adequacy of knowledge.

Results:

Their mean age was 21.2 ± 1.6 years. About 92% of them heard of e-waste. About 82.4% mentioned computers, followed by mobile phones (47.7%) as the major sources of e-waste. Genetic damage as a health hazard was reported by 43.2%. Regarding e-waste management, 94.3% of students mentioned ‘recycling’, followed by ‘reuse’ (81%). Approximately 22% of the students discarded old electronic devices along with general waste. Adequate knowledge s regarding sources was among male than female students (69.3% Vs 37.8%) (P = <0.001); more amongst 1st and 2nd professional MBBS students (67.9% and 62.8%, respectively) in comparison to 3rd professional Part I and Part II MBBS students (38.9% and 50.6%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Students of urban origin possessed more adequate knowledge (60%) on e-waste processing than their rural counterparts (42%) (P = 0.002).

Conclusions:

Significant associations were found between adequate knowledge on sources of e-waste and male gender, lower academic year of study and urban permanent residence. Continuous medical education, inclusion of e-waste hazards in the school curriculum and establishment of e-waste collection facilities near people’s residences are the needs of the hour.
Assessment of Accuracy of Linear Alveolar Ridge Measurements with Different Implant Planning Software Programs
Authors: Savita S , Bhutani Neha , Zakaullah Syed , Chowdhary Ramesh , Kumar Deepak , Naaz Farha
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Virtual implant planning is important before implant surgery for ideal implant size selection and placement. Currently, with technological advancements, there are plethora of virtual implant planning software with DICOM interface (digital imaging and communication in medicine) for the import of CBCT images (cone beam computerized tomographic scan) and with various tools to facilitate linear ridge dimensions. Few available planning software programs are usually associated with high initial cost; however, other programs are available for lesser cost. The literature on accuracy and reliability of these software programs is limited. Hence, our study was done with the aim to compare the reliability of available software systems along with gold standard of ridge mapping using bone caliper.

Methodology:

CBCT scans of 10 patients with missing single teeth in maxillary anterior region between the age group of 25 and 45 years were recruited for the study. All CBCT scans of patients were assessed for buccopalatal width and mesiodistal width of planned implant site, using three different implant planning software system, i.e., commercially available Nobel clinician, inbuilt NNT viewer, and open source Blue sky Bio and compared with clinical method of ridge mapping using bone caliper.

Results:

The analysis of results obtained in our study showed no statistically significant difference in the mean values for buccopalatal width at points A and B using three different software programs. However, the values obtained from commercial Nobel clinician software were very much like the mean values obtained with the ridge mapping method.

Conclusion:

According to our study, measurements obtained from all the three implant planning software system are reliable and can be compared with proven method of clinical ridge assessment using bone caliper.
Assessing Dentinal Microcracks using Micro-CT after Root Canal Preparation with Different Rotary Endodontic File Systems
Authors: Mustafa Mohammed , Attur Kailash , Menon Sidharth S. , Attur Shylaja
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the propagation of dentinal microcracks in the mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals following root canal preparation using two different rotary endodontic file systems, TruNatomy (continuous rotation) and MicroMega ONE RECI (reciprocating motion), using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Materials and Methods:

Fifty freshly extracted human mandibular first and second molars were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Root canal preparation was confined to the MB and ML canals in mesial roots of mandibular molars (Vertucci Type IV canal configurations) using TruNatomy and MicroMega ONE RECI systems. Pre- and post- preparation scans were taken for all the specimens using micro-CT to identify and measure dentinal microcracks. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test and Fisher’s exact test, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:

The results indicated no statistically significant differences between the two systems in terms of microcrack formation or propagation. In the ML canal, 8.0% of teeth prepared with TruNatomy and 12.0% with MicroMega ONE RECI exhibited microcracks (P = 0.643). In the MB canal, microcracks were found in 12.0% of the TruNatomy group and 8.0% of the MicroMega ONE RECI group (P = 0.643). Both systems showed a significant increase in canal volume, but no significant differences between the instruments (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Both TruNatomy and MicroMega ONE RECI demonstrated similar outcomes regarding dentinal microcrack formation and propagation in the MB and ML canals, with no significant differences. Both systems were effective in enlarging the canals while preserving the natural canal anatomy. These findings suggest that the choice of instrumentation system can be guided by clinical ease and efficiency as both systems offer comparable mechanical effects on dentin integrity during root canal preparation.
Comparison between Conventional Methods and Molecular Diagnosis for Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis isolated from Cancer Patients Infected with Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Abbas Nada Fadhil
Published: November 2024

Background:

Two related pathogenic yeast species, Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis share many phenotypic and microscopic diagnostic characteristics, in addition to the similarity in the characteristics of diagnosis.

Objectives:

The present study aimed to diagnose both yeast cells and compare them at the level of the percentage of similarities and differences according to the traditional methods and molecular approaches, which are considered more accurate and sensitive.

Materials and Methods:

The ability to form germ tubes was conducted for C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. The identification using biochemical tests, VITEK techniques, and molecular techniques was also conducted.

Results:

The results showed that both pathogenic yeast cells are similar in phenotypic and biochemical diagnosis, whereas the results of molecular diagnosis showed a difference between them, as well as the results of the drug sensitivity test, showed that the two types of yeast cells are sensitive to the antifungal drugs. The current study also showed the diagnosis of new isolates of the two species for the first time, which can be attributed to the occurrence of genetic mutations in them.

Conclusion:

Both types of pathogenic yeasts that were diagnosed in the current study are the important pathological types prevalent in cancer patients, especially in oral cavity infections, and they are similar to a large extent in terms of phenotypic and diagnostic characteristics.
Molecular Detection of Pap II, OmpA, and LuxR Genes Responsible for Biofilm Formation in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Maklef Estabraq Ali , Kareem Amal A. , Al-Sudani Susan F. K.
Published: November 2024

Background:

The first pathogen to be designated a “red-alert” human pathogen is Acinetobacter baumannii, which is on the list of infections that must be treated urgently with new antibiotics. Infections due to this bacterium are on the rise, especially in patients admitted to hospital intensive care units. It can create biofilms on both biotic and abiotic surfaces.

Objectives:

This study aimed to detect biofilm formation by A. baumannii phenotypically and genotypically.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 250 samples were subjected to bacterial identification using the VITEK-2 compact system, which showed 42 A. baumannii isolates. Biofilm formation was phenotypically investigated using the microtiter plate method.

Results:

The results revealed three stages of biofilm formation: 5 (11.6%) nonbiofilm, 13 (30.2%) weak biofilm, 15 (34.9%) moderate, and 10 (23.3%) strong biofilm formation. The isolates from intensive care unit (ICU) patients had strong, moderate, weak, and nonforming biofilm ability in higher rates of biofilm producers compared with the isolates from samples of hospital wards. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products showed genotypically positive results as follows: PapII 12 (31.5%), OmpA 11 (28.9%), and LuxR 8 (21%) out of 38 positive samples of A. baumannii for all genes.

Conclusion:

Isolates of A. baumannii appeared in different stages of biofilm formation with a higher percentage rate in the ICU compared with hospitalized patients. The PCR products for isolates of A. baumannii showed that PapII, OmpA, and LuxR showed positive results.
The Effect of Hybrid Nano Addition on the Color Stability of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Silicone Material after Weathering
Authors: Bunyan Shahad Fadhil , Suhaimi Fatanah Mohamad , Zardawi Faraedon Mohidden Mostafa , Noor Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd , Zabidi Muhammad Azrul
Published: November 2024

Background:

Facial prostheses may get discolored and change color from intrinsic and extrinsic coloring due to external factors. This is related to the inherent color stability of elastomers and colorants.

Objectives:

We aimed to evaluate the effect of hybrid nano additives on the color stability of Tech-Sil25 room-temperature vulcanized silicones used for maxillofacial prosthesis after artificial weathering.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 70 samples were fabricated for fourteen groups. Seven groups contained 0.2 wt% burnt sienna, and another seven groups contained 0.2 wt% cobalt blue. The seven groups were the control groups. Each group consists of five samples. The samples were exposed to artificial weathering for 300 h. The CIELAB color system was used to record the color values. It aids in the numerical classification of color differences by describing the three color coordinates (or color values) x, y, and z in three unique corresponding values of L, a, and b, respectively.

Results:

Burnt sienna pigment samples with hybrid nano 1%NS+1%NA show the highest color stability, followed by 2% NS and 2% NA; the least color change was observed (ΔE* about = 1.1) by the visual system as the threshold was seen. The cobalt blue pigment shows the most significant color change. The color shift observed in all groups was within the clinically acceptable level.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that a 2% hybrid nano additive can improve the color stability for both pigment groups (burnt sienna and cobalt blue). The variation in color in the burnt sienna group was less than that in the cobalt blue groups. The color change in each group came within an acceptable range for clinical purposes.
Immunological and Molecular Method for the Diagnosis of Human Bocavirus in Patients with Respiratory Infections in Mosul, Iraq
Authors: AlTaie Anmar A. , Abdulghany Noor Raad , Muhammad Muhammad Abdul-Ghani , Salih Mohammad M. , Aufi Iman Mutasher
Published: November 2024

Background:

Human bocavirus (HBoV) typically affects adolescents and causes upper and lower respiratory infections. However, little is known about the clinical features of this pathogen and its implications for respiratory infections in adults.

Objectives:

To detect the HBoV effect on adults and adolescents causing respiratory diseases in the lower respiratory tract.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy throat and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from male and female patients, aged 11–57 years, from three hospitals in Mosul City, Iraq, within 6 months in 2024. The samples were stored in a viral transport medium until indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed.

Results:

Out of 70 samples, the prevalence rate of immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies was 37 (53%), IgG was 33 (47%), and viral DNA for HBoV was 24 (34%), respectively. The dominating age groups were above 30 years, and males were more susceptible to infection compared with females.

Conclusion:

The best diagnostic method for the detection of HBoV is RT-PCR. The present study highlights RT-PCR in diagnosing respiratory infections. This technique can be compared with other immunological methods to determine the severity of the disease.
Deciphering the Impact of miR-92a-3p on Controlling BCL11A Gene Expression and Its Implication in Easing Thalassemia Symptoms
Authors: Salih Al-Khafaji Mohammed M. , Al-Hayawi Anas Y.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Thalassemia, a prevalent genetic disorder, is characterized by a point mutation affecting the globin gene expression. One manifestation of this disorder, β-thalassemia, arises from compromised β-globin chain production.

Objectives:

The objective of this research was to explore the presence of miR-92a expression in the bloodstream of individuals affected by severe thalassemia. Moreover, the study aimed to uncover the functional role of miR-92a and its influence on the expression of γ-globin (HGB gene) and oxidative stress within blood cells.

Materials and Methods:

As an initial step, the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to assess gene expression levels subsequent to RNA extraction. The process involved the addition of the polyadenosine monophosphate enzyme Poly-A to facilitate the production of mature messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA.

Results:

The study revealed significantly elevated miR-92a expression in blood cells. Furthermore, higher levels of gamma-globin, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and BCL11A expression, were identified as targets of miR-92a-3p and were downregulated by this microRNA. Additionally, individual knockdown of BCL11A led to increased expression of β-globin (HBB gene), SOD, and GSH, accompanied by a reduction in MDA levels. However, the patterns observed were altered upon subsequent inhibition of miR-92a.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study propose that through the suppression of BCL11A, miR-92a may elevate γ-globin levels while concurrently mitigating oxidative stress in blood cells.
A Study of Causes and Clinicopathological Changes of Patients Presented with Hoarseness of Voice in the ENT Department of Hilla Teaching General Hospital, Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Witwit Maytham Lafta Kreem
Published: November 2024

Background:

Hoarseness of voice (HOV) is defined as abnormal changes in the quality of voice. It may be caused by many diseases related to the upper aerodigestive tract system. Proper knowledge about the causes and clinicopathological changes leading to HOV is very important for the early detection and treatment of the causative pathology.

Objective:

To investigate the causes, incidence, age, occupation, and sex predilection for HOV.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study was carried out on 200 patients referred to the Eyes, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department of Hilla Teaching General Hospital, Babylon, Iraq, from September 2017 to September 2019 complaining of HOV for more than 10 days. The ENT examination was conducted using a fiberoptic flexible laryngoscope. Radiological examination by plain X-ray of the neck and chest, computed tomography scans of the head, neck, and chest, and a direct laryngoscopy exam. Under general anesthesia, and biopsy is taken from suspected pathology (if needed).

Results:

Out of 200 patients, the age group between 31 and 40 years was most commonly seen. Laborers occupation 30% farmers 35% were the major groups affected. Smoking habits were found in 40% of patients with HOV. The most common causes of HOV were acute and chronic laryngitis, including acute viral laryngitis, acute voice abuse, laryngeal trauma after thyroid surgery, vocal cord (VC) nodules, laryngeal polyps, and laryngeal edema. The second most frequent causes are neoplastic growths in the larynx (mostly supraglottic) and hypopharynx. The least frequent causes of HOV are seen due to congenital pathologies such as laryngomalacia and congenital VC palsy.

Conclusion:

Proper and detailed history, good ENT examination, and the investigation of patients with HOV are important factors in the early detection and treatment of causative pathology.
Correlation of Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-8 with Cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ihsan Eman Ammar , Mohammed Lezan Medhat , Ali Waleed Mohammed
Published: November 2024

Background:

Herpes viruses like cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause serious illness in those who already have impaired immune systems.

Objectives:

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of CMV and EBV infection on specific immunological markers in individuals undergoing hemodialysis.

Materials and Methods:

Blood sample was collected from 91 hemodialysis patients and 50 healthy individuals as a control group for comparison. Serum was separated and examined for the confirmation of CMV and EBV infection, and then the sera was tested by using specific ELISA kits (human interleukin-10 and human IL-8, Sunlong Biotech Co., HangZhou, China).

Results:

Highest mean of IL-8 and IL-10 was obtained in CMV IgM positive patients in comparison with IgG positive and control group with P value = 0.00002, 0.0008, respectively. The results in patients with EBV IgM positive were also highly significant in comparison with control, P value for IL-8 was 0.0002 and for IL-10 was 0.00004.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that, the level of IL-10 and IL-8 was higher among hemodialysis patients with acute EBV and CMV infection, and this indicated that the ability of CMV and EBV to enhance IL-8 and IL-10 production which may play an important role in immune inflammatory states associated with CMV and EBV infection.
Molecular Assessment of Blastocystis hominis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Balad City, Saladin Province, Iraq
Authors: Ismaiel Shereen Khalid , Ali Abeer Abbas , Al-Assi Akeel Hussein Ali
Published: November 2024

Background:

Blastocystis sp. is the most prevalent intestinal protozoa found worldwide in both humans and animals.

Objectives:

This study aims to identify the subtypes of Blastocystis sp. parasite isolated from diabetes mellitus patients using molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis.

Materials and Methods:

The current study was conducted on samples collected from a total of 300 patients (150 diabetic patients and 150 non-diabetic patients). The samples were taken between November 2022 and May 2023 at the laboratories of the General Balad Hospital in Balad City, Saladin, Iraq. Blood and stool samples were taken from each patient, and the investigation included microscopic examination and culturing of the samples on Modified Jones’ Medium for parasitic identification; active infection was confirmed genetically using PCR, and subtyping was done via sequencing of the SSU rRNA gene.

Results:

Microscopically, only 80 diabetic patients (50 males and 30 females) were infected with Blastocystis hominis, and only 50 people (13 males and 37 females) among the healthy participants had B. hominis infection. Thirty samples were further studied using PCR, and only 16 showed clear bands on the gel, whereas only eight samples were successfully sequenced.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that diabetic mellitus patients (DM group) had a higher prevalence of B. hominis infection compared to the non-DM group. Furthermore, there is a link between the presence of Blastocystis and other risk factors, such as place of residence, water source, and keeping animals, which suggests that exposure to animal stools may result in the development of Blastocystis ST1 among the studied participants.
Treatment with Metformin Can Improve Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Non-Diabetic Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Al-Tuma Ali M. Kadim , Hussain Saba Sabeeh , Hassan Muhjah Falah
Published: November 2024

Background:

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are usually at increased risk of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance (IR), regardless of their body weight, and the development of type 2 diabetes in those women is not uncommon. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic drug with a significant role in improving IR and lipid profile in diabetic persons without causing hypoglycemia.

Objectives:

To study the effectiveness of metformin in reducing body weight, IR, and lipid profile in non-diabetic PCOS women.

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred women with PCOS were included in the study. Serum was taken from them, and measurement of insulin level, fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile were performed as a baseline. Metformin tabs of 500 mg twice daily were given for 3 months, and measurement of the previous parameters was also performed following treatment. The results were compared between pre- and post-treatment.

Results:

The study showed that body mass index was not changed following 3 months of metformin intake, while there was a significant reduction in FBS, serum level of insulin, HbA1c, and Homa-IR following treatment. Together and with the exception of a non-significant mild improvement in serum high-density lipoprotein level, serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein were improved with a significant reduction following metformin treatment.

Conclusion:

Regardless its ability to reduce body weight, metformin can be effectively used for lowering FBS, lipid profile, and improving IR in non-diabetic PCOS women and can be used as an effective intervention to improve the quality of life in women with PCOS.
Isolation and Identification of Individual Intestinal Bacteria Associated with Waist Circumference Increase
Authors: Hussein Sahar Salih , Tawfeeq Asal Aziz
Published: November 2024

Background:

The bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans, there are differences in the composition of the flora which are influenced by age, diet, cultural conditions, and the use of antibiotics. Since the origin of obesity is multifactorial and complex, resulting from the interaction between genetic/epigenetic, environmental, and socio-psychological determinants, in addition to the bacterial composition of the intestinal flora could be a third element involved in the development of excess weight. Therefore intestinal flora plays an intermediary role in the metabolism and inflammation and is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes type 2 and obesity.

Objectives:

This study aimed to draw the relationship between identified intestinal bacterial types on increasing the waist circumference among study participants.

Materials and Methods:

This study included the collection of 180 samples from participants (20–60 years) during the period from December 2022 to June 2023. Body mass index and waist circumference were calculated for study participants and intestinal bacteria was microbiologically and biochemically identified.

Results:

Results obtained showed that the intestinal flora of obese participants is significantly (P < 0.001) different from that of thin and normal participants. This flora was characterized by the presence of high levels of Gram’s negative at the percentage (80.6% in obese), and Gram’s positive at the percentage (19.4% in obese), with higher body mass index and waist circumference than those participants, with lower body mass index and waist circumference.

Conclusion:

This study showed a significant relationship between intestinal bacteria and diabetic patients with increased body mass index and waist circumference, leading to probable useful tools for developing strategies to prevent obesity.