bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Health and Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Salama Kate , Holt Roxane , Puryear Lucy J.
Published: June 2023

Nearly half of women describe childbirth as traumatic in some way, making them more vulnerable to perinatal psychiatric illness. Patients with high risk pregnancies, such as abnormal placentation, are even more susceptible to childbirth related mental health sequelae. There are no formal recommendations for mental health intervention in women with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). In many institutions, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale is used to assess for depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum. Women with PAS should be screened at time of diagnosis, monthly until delivery, and at multiple time points through the first year postpartum. It is also recommended to screen women for PTSD prior to and after delivery. Interventions shown helpful in the PAS population include establishing a multidisciplinary team, patient access to a support person or care coordinator, development of a postpartum care team and plan, and extending mental health follow up through the first year postpartum. Women with PAS are at increased risk for negative mental health outcomes. To support the mental health of women with PAS and their families, we recommend a multi-disciplinary treatment team, screening for mental health sequelae early and often, referring women with positive screens to mental health professionals, involving the partner/family in care, and considering referral to a PAS support group for peer support.
Imaging the Uterus in Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Khandelwal Meena , Shipp Thomas D. , Zelop Carolyn M. , Abuhamad Alfred Z. , Afshar Yalda , Einerson Brett D. , Fox Karin A. , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Lyell Deirdre J. , Perni Uma , Platt Lawrence D. , Shainker Scott A. ,   for the Pan American Society for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS2)
Published: June 2023

Antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) improves maternal and neonatal outcomes by allowing for multidisciplinary planning and preparedness. Ultrasound is the primary imaging tool. Simplification and standardization of placental evaluation and reporting terminology allows improved communication and understanding between teams. Prior to 10 weeks of gestation, gestational sac position and least myometrial thickness surrounding the gestational sac help PAS diagnosis very early in pregnancy. Late first-, second-, and third-trimester evaluation includes comprehensive evaluation of the placenta, transabdominal and transvaginal with partially full maternal urinary bladder, and by color Doppler. Subsequently, the sonologist should indicate whether the evaluation was optimal or suboptimal; the level of suspicion as low, moderate, or high; and the extent as focal, global, or extending beyond the uterus. Other complementary imaging modalities such as 3D-power Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and vascular topography mapping strive to improve antenatal placental evaluation but remain investigational at present.

Key Points
Pharmacodynamics Monitoring of Emicizumab in Patients with Hemophilia A
Authors: Bertaggia Calderara Debora , Marchi Cappelletti Rita , Batista Mesquita Sauvage Ana Patricia , Durual Stéphane , Gomez Francisco J. , Zermatten Maxime G. , Aliotta Alessandro , Casini Alessandro , Alberio Lorenzo
Published: June 2023

Background Emicizumab is a bispecific antibody mimicking coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) employed to treat patients with hemophilia A (PwHA) regardless of FVIII inhibitor status. The identification of biological markers reflecting the hemostatic competence of patients under emicizumab therapy would have a great clinical value. Unfortunately, emicizumab over-corrects standard coagulation assays, precluding their use for evaluating the hemostatic correction achieved in vivo. Here, we investigated whether global coagulation assays (GCA) would allow monitoring the biological response to non-factor replacement therapy with emicizumab.

Materials and Methods Six adults PwHA received a weekly dose of emicizumab of 3 mg/kg during weeks (W) 1 4 and 1.5 mg/kg from W5 onwards. Response to treatment was monitored weekly by emicizumab plasma concentration, thrombin generation (TG), and fibrin clot formation (FCF) and structure. TG and FCF results were compared to patient baseline, FVIII replacement, and healthy donors.

Results TG and FCF significantly increased in PwHA after the loading period, reaching a plateau that lasted until the end of monitoring. Similarly, fibrin clot network became denser with thinner fibrin fibers. However, TG contrary to FCF remained at the lower limits of reference values. Remarkably, despite having similar plateau concentrations of emicizumab some patients showed markedly different degrees of TG and FCF improvement.

Conclusion Our study enriches the knowledge on the use of GCA to monitor non-factor replacement therapy, indicating that TG and FCF could act as direct markers of emicizumab biological activity. GCA allow to capture and visualize the individually variable response to emicizumab, leading a step forward to the personalization of patient treatment.
Bias and anti-bias
Authors: Farkas Donka F.
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes an account of the interpretive effects of two discourse particles in Hungarian, talán and vajon, within the view of context and context change developed in Farkas & Roelofsen (2017), and shows that the restrictions on their distribution follow from their interpretive properties. Building on Gyuris (2022), talán will be treated as signaling epistemic bias in both declaratives and interrogatives. Following Farkas (2022), vajon will be treated as a non-intrusive question marker, which, in the account proposed, is incompatible with bias markers. The restrictions on the sentence types in which these particles occur, as well as the fact that there are restrictions on their co-occurence, will be derived from their interpretive contribution.
Effect of Cu/Sn additions on the precipitation and property in Al-Mg-Si alloys
Authors: Weng Yaoyao , Sun Qichen , Ding Lipeng , Chen Jiahao , Cheng Xiangxiang , Jia Zhihong , Liu Manping , Zhao Hua
Published: June 2023

The effects of Cu and Sn additions on the precipitation hardening of Al-Mg-Si alloys were systematically studied by performance testing and microscopic characterisation. Sn addition can retard the onset of natural aging (NA), while after long-term NA, the NA hardening is enhanced. Although Cu and Sn can promote the NA hardening, the Cu and Sn combination addition results in NA hardness lower than the individual Cu addition. Compared with Sn, Cu addition is more efficient in promoting the artificial aging hardening of these alloys. Both of the Sn and Cu atoms can incorporate in the interior of the β′′ phase and produce disordered structure. The results are expected to provide new insight for designing new aluminium alloys for automotive application.
Resistance element welding of aluminium alloy and steel using an element of aluminium
Authors: Qiu Ranfeng , Zhao Peifeng , Zhao Jianghui , Shi Hongxin , Yu Hua
Published: June 2023

Aluminium alloy AA6061 and mild steel Q235 were welded by resistance element using an aluminium rivet as the element. The microstructure and properties of the joints were characterised. The temperature distribution on the cross-section of the joints was calculated by using ABAQUS numerical simulation software. The observation results on the cross-section of the joints show a nugget formed at the interface between the rivet tip and steel of lower plate. The maximum tensile shear load of the joints reached 5.82 kN at the welding current of 26 kA. This study reveals that the bearing interface of the resistance element welded joint between aluminium alloy and mild steel is like-to-like interface of aluminium alloy which strengthens the joint.
Designing new types of problems using peer-reviewed papers
Authors: Šarlah Andreja , Planinšič Gorazd
Published: June 2023

In the 21st century teachers, including university teachers, have to help students develop higher-level thinking skills, conceptual understanding, and problem-solving strategies similar to those used by experts. Previous research shows that solving traditional physics problems, which usually have one right answer and provide all the given and relevant assumptions, do not help students develop those skills. Thus, new types of problems have to be designed. We show two examples of how new types of problems can be designed using peer-reviewed research papers as the basis and share the experience with the evolution of those problems. In addition, we show that the students included in the research appreciate the structure and the context of the problems and that the faculty colleagues who are using traditional teaching approach identify several skills and competencies which these problems develop, and which cannot be developed by solving traditional problems.
Convergence analysis of an alternating direction method of multipliers for the identification of nonsmooth diffusion parameters with total variation
Authors: Ouakrim Y , Boutaayamou I , El Yazidi Y , Zafrar A
Published: June 2023

The paper presents a numerical method for identifying discontinuous conductivities in elliptic equations from boundary observations. The solutions to this inverse problem are obtained through a constrained optimization problem, where the cost functional is a combination of the Kohn–Vogelius and Total Variation functionals. Instead of regularizing the Total Variation stabilization functional, which is commonly used in the literature, we introduce an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers to preserve the favorable properties of non-smoothness and convexity. The discretization is carried out using a mixed finite element/volume method, while the numerical solutions are iteratively computed using a variant of the Uzawa algorithm. We show the surjectivity of the derivatives of the constraints related to the discrete optimization problem and derive a source condition for the discrete inverse problem. We then investigate the convergence analysis and establish the convergence rate. Finally, we conclude with some numerical experiments to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Efficacy of back barrier engineered Π-gate InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors for high-power applications
Authors: Sehra Khushwant , Anand Anupama , Chanchal  , Malik Amit , Kumari Vandana , Gupta Mridula , Mishra Meena , Rawal D S , Saxena Manoj
Published: June 2023

This work investigates thin-barrier InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for high-power applications through technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations. To begin with, the TCAD simulations were first calibrated with an in-house fabricated InAlN HEMT sample for both DC and pulsed characteristics. The thin-barrier InAlN/GaN HEMTs showed a large leakage current through the gate electrode due to high gate injection, which severely degrades the breakdown characteristics of the device and thus acts as a bottleneck for high-power applications. To improve the two-dimensional electron gas confinement, and consequently reduce the bulk leakage, a back-barrier technique was used. The resistive GaN buffer was replaced with an AlGaN back-barrier that improved the breakdown characteristics at the cost of output power density. Thus, to scale up the output power density and further optimize the breakdown characteristics a Π-shaped gate was introduced to limit the gate leakage current through the InAlN barrier by virtue of its improved hot electron reliability. Coupled with the AlGaN back-barrier, the Π-gate significantly improved the breakdown characteristics to achieve high output power densities, albeit with minor trade-offs to the device gain. To elucidate the compatibility with high-power applications, all the device architectures were dynamically characterized by pulsed I–V simulations and the trap-related dispersive effects were investigated. The Π-shaped gate coupled with an AlGaN back-barrier outperforms conventional architectures by exercising superior electrostatic control over the channel and exhibiting a high linearity for high-power millimeter-wave applications.
Transfer matrix in 1D Dirac-like problems
Authors: Ibarra-Reyes M , Pérez-Álvarez R , Rodríguez-Vargas I
Published: June 2023

The transfer matrix method is considered to obtain the fundamental properties of 1D Dirac-like problems. The case of 1D problems in monolayer graphene is addressed. The main characteristics of the transfer matrix are analyzed, contrasting them with the ones corresponding to 1D Schrödinger-like problems. Analytic expressions for the transmission coefficient and bound states are obtained. The continuity between bound states and states of perfect transmission is demonstrated in general, and in particular showed for the case of single electrostatic barriers. These findings in principle can be extended to 2D materials with Hamiltonian similar to monolayer graphene such as silicene and transition metal dichalcogenides.
Pd@PtRuNi core–shell nanowires as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts
Authors: Liu Qian , Dong Seng , Wang Yuanzhe , Jia Weiyi , Chen Xi , Gao Faming , Wang Yatao
Published: June 2023

Fuel cells, as the alternative to fossil energy, have engaged widespread attention by reason of the high conversion efficiency from the chemical energy to the electric energy combined with low pollution emissions. The cathodic ORR catalysts with excellent performance and cost-effectiveness are the dominant point towards the massive development of fuel cells. Here, our group select the Pd NWs as the template and construct the Pd@PtRuNi core–shell bilayer nanostructure to expand platinum atom utilization. Pd@PtRuNi bilayer core–shell NWs unfold elevated mass activity of

1.62

A

mg

metal

−
1

at 0.9 V versus RHE in alkaline media, 2.03- and 6.23-fold of pristine Pd NWs and benchmark commercial Pt/C, respectively. Meanwhile, the cyclic stability tests reveal the excellent durability of Pd@PtRuNi NWs, whose mass activity is only 13.58% degradation after accelerated durability tests. The catalytic activity and durability towards ORR are better than the U.S. 2025 DOE target (

0.44

A

mg

pt

−
1

and less than 40% activity attenuation at 0.9 V after 30 000 potential cycles). The elevated catalytic properties can be traceable to the synergism between the ligand effect of Ni and Ru and one-dimensional structure superiority, which optimizes the electronic structure of active sites, promotes the charge transfer and restrains the agglomeration and detachment.
Absorption characteristics and solar absorption capacity of Au core NR coated with various shell material
Authors: Xing Linzhuang , Ha Yuan , Wang Ruipeng , Li Zhimin
Published: June 2023

Au nanorods (NRs) can be used to improve the performance of direct absorption solar collectors (DASCs), however, the solar absorption of Au NRs should be further improved because the absorption of Au NRs in near-infrared range is strong while the absorption in visible range is relatively weak where the solar spectrum intensity is the strongest. Based on this tissue, a composite nanostructure composed of Au core NR and Mg shell is proposed to improve the solar absorption capacity. The choice of Mg material as the shell composition is explained. By optimizing the composition structure, the enhancement effect on the absorption properties of Au@Mg NR from visible range to near-infrared range is proven by the finite element method. Furthermore, the effect of imperfect shell on absorption capacity of Au@Mg NR is discussed. Finally, the DASCs performance based on optimal Au@Mg NR nanofluids is evaluated. The results show that when the volume fraction is lower than 2 ppm and the collector depth is 2 cm, the highest solar energy harvesting capacity (>92%) using Au@Mg NRs nanofluids can be obtained, showing an excellent Au-based material for DASCs application.
Sneaking in SpyCatcher using cell penetrating peptides for in vivo imaging
Authors: Tyler James , Ralston Corie Y , Rad Behzad
Published: June 2023

In vivo imaging of protein complexes is a powerful method for understanding the underlying biological function of these key biomolecules. Though the engineering of small, high affinity nanobodies have become more prevalent, the off-rates of these tags may result in incomplete or partial labeling of proteins in live cells. The SpyCatcher003 and SpyTag split protein system allow for irreversible, covalent binding to a short target peptide unlike nanobody-affinity based probes. However, delivering these tags into a cell without disrupting its normal function is a key challenge. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptide sequences that facilitate the transduction of otherwise membrane-impermeable ‘cargo’ , such as proteins, into cells. Here we report on our efforts to engineer and characterize CPP-SpyCatcher003 fusions as modular imaging probes. We selected three CPPs, CUPID, Pentratin, and pVEC, to engineer fusion protein probes for superresolution microscopy, with the aim to eliminate prior permeabilization treatments that could introduce imaging artifacts. We find that fusing the CPP sequences to SpyCatcher003 resulted in dimer and multimer formation as determined by size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and SDS resistant dimers on SDS-PAGE gels. By isolating and labeling the monomeric forms of the engineered protein, we show these constructs retained their ability to bind SpyTag and all three CPP sequences remain membrane active, as assessed by CD spectroscopy in the presence of SDS detergent. Using fluorescence and super resolution Lattice structured illumination microscopy (Lattice SIM) imaging we show that the CPPs did not enhance uptake of SpyCatcher by E. coli, however with Caulobacter crescentus cells, we show that Penetratin, and to a lesser degree CUPID, does enhance uptake. Our results demonstrate the ability of the CPP-SpyCatcher003 to label targets within living cells, providing the groundwork for using split protein systems for targeted in vivo imaging.
Sodium and potassium ion storage in cation substituted 2D MoWSe2: insights into the effects of upper voltage cut-off
Authors: Dey Sonjoy , Singh Gurpreet
Published: June 2023

The superior properties, such as large interlayer spacing and the ability to host large alkali-metal ions, of two-dimensional (2D) materials based on transition metal di-chalcogenides (TMDs) enable next-generation battery development beyond lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. In addition, compelling but rarely inspected TMD alloys provide additional opportunities to tailor bandgap and enhance thermodynamic stability. This study explores the sodium-ion (Na-ion) and potassium-ion (K-ion) storage behavior of cation-substituted molybdenum tungsten diselenide (MoWSe2), a TMD alloy. This research also investigates upper potential suspension to overcome obstacles commonly associated with TMD materials, such as capacity fading at high current rates, prolonged cycling conditions, and voltage polarization during conversion reaction. The voltage cut-off was restricted to 1.5 V, 2.0 V, and 2.5 V to realize the material’s Na+ and K+ ion storage behavior. Three-dimensional (3D) surface plots of differential capacity analysis up to prolonged cycles revealed the convenience of voltage suspension as a viable method for structural preservation. Moreover, the cells with higher potential cut-off values conveyed improved cycling stability, higher and stable coulombic efficiency for Na+ and K+ ion half-cells, and increased capacity retention for Na+ ion half-cells, respectively, with half-cells cycled at higher voltage ranges.
Determination of electric and thermoelectric properties of molecular junctions by AFM in peak force tapping mode
Authors: Wang Xintai , Lamantia Angelo , Jay Michael , Sadeghi Hatef , Lambert Colin J , Kolosov Oleg V , Robinson Benjamin J
Published: June 2023

Molecular thin films, such as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), offer the possibility of translating the optimised thermophysical and electrical properties of high-Seebeck-coefficient single molecules to scalable device architectures. However, for many scanning probe-based approaches attempting to characterise such SAMs, there remains a significant challenge in recovering single-molecule equivalent values from large-area films due to the intrinsic uncertainty of the probe-sample contact area coupled with film damage caused by contact forces. Here we report a new reproducible non-destructive method for probing the electrical and thermoelectric (TE) properties of small assemblies (10–103) of thiol-terminated molecules arranged within a SAM on a gold surface, and demonstrate the successful and reproducible measurements of the equivalent single-molecule electrical conductivity and Seebeck values. We have used a modified thermal-electric force microscopy approach, which integrates the conductive-probe atomic force microscope, a sample positioned on a temperature-controlled heater, and a probe-sample peak-force feedback that interactively limits the normal force across the molecular junctions. The experimental results are interpreted by density functional theory calculations allowing quantification the electrical quantum transport properties of both single molecules and small clusters of molecules. Significantly, this approach effectively eliminates lateral forces between probe and sample, minimising disruption to the SAM while enabling simultaneous mapping of the SAMs nanomechanical properties, as well as electrical and/or TE response, thereby allowing correlation of the film properties.
Ground states in spatially discrete non-linear Schrödinger models
Authors: Stefanov Atanas G , Ross Ryan M , Kevrekidis Panayotis G
Published: June 2023

In the seminal work (Weinstein 1999 Nonlinearity
12 673), Weinstein considered the question of the ground states for discrete Schrödinger equations with power law nonlinearities, posed on

Z

d

. More specifically, he constructed the so-called normalised waves, by minimising the Hamiltonian functional, for fixed power P (i.e. l
2 mass). This type of variational method allows one to claim, in a straightforward manner, set stability for such waves. In this work, we revisit these questions and build upon Weinstein’s work, as well as the innovative variational methods introduced for this problem in (Laedke et al 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett.
73 1055 and Laedke et al 1996 Phys. Rev. E 54 4299) in several directions. First, for the normalised waves, we show that they are in fact spectrally stable as solutions of the corresponding discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLS) evolution equation. Next, we construct the so-called homogeneous waves, by using a different constrained optimisation problem. Importantly, this construction works for all values of the parameters, e.g. l
2 supercritical problems. We establish a rigorous criterion for stability, which decides the stability on the homogeneous waves, based on the classical Grillakis–Shatah–Strauss/Vakhitov–Kolokolov (GSS/VK) quantity

∂
ω

∥

φ
ω

∥

l
2

2

. In addition, we provide some symmetry results for the solitons. Finally, we complement our results with numerical computations, which showcase the full agreement between the conclusion from the GSS/VK criterion vis-á-vis with the linearised problem. In particular, one observes that it is possible for the stability of the wave to change as the spectral parameter ω varies, in contrast with the corresponding continuous NLS model.
Annihilation photon GAN source model for PET Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Sarrut D , Etxebeste A , Kaprelian T , Saporta A , Létang JM
Published: June 2023

Objective. Following previous works on virtual sources model with Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), we extend the proof of concept for generating back-to-back pairs of gammas with timing information, typically for Monte Carlo simulation of Positron Emission Tomography(PET) imaging. Approach. A conditional GAN is trained once from a low statistic simulation in a given attenuation phantom and enables the generation of various activity source distributions. GAN training input is a set of gammas exiting a phantom, tracked from a source of positron emitters, described by position, direction and energy. A new parameterization that improves the training is also proposed. An ideal PET reconstruction algorithm is used to evaluate the quality of the GAN. Main results. The proposed method is evaluated on National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) phantoms and with CT patient image showing good agreement with reference simulations. The proportions of 2-gammas, 1-gammas and absorbed-gammas are respected to within one percent, image profiles matched and recovery coefficients were close with less than 5% difference. GAN tends to blur gamma energy peak, e.g. 511 keV. Significance. Once trained, the GAN generator can be used as input source for Monte Carlo simulations of PET imaging systems, decreasing the computational time with speedups up to ×400 according to the configurations.
Regional disparity in continuously measured time-domain cerebrovascular reactivity indices: a scoping review of human literature
Authors: Sainbhi Amanjyot Singh , Marquez Izabella , Gomez Alwyn , Stein Kevin Y , Amenta Fiorella , Vakitbilir Nuray , Froese Logan , Zeiler Frederick A
Published: June 2023

Objective: Cerebral blood vessels maintaining relatively constant cerebral blood flow (CBF) over wide range of systemic arterial blood pressure (ABP) is referred to as cerebral autoregulation (CA). Impairments in CA expose the brain to pressure-passive flow states leading to hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) metrics refer to surrogate metrics of pressure-based CA that evaluate the relationship between slow vasogenic fluctuations in cerebral perfusion pressure/ABP and a surrogate for pulsatile CBF/cerebral blood volume. Approach: We performed a systematically conducted scoping review of all available human literature examining the association between continuous CVR between more than one brain region/channel using the same CVR index. Main Results: In all the included 22 articles, only handful of transcranial doppler (TCD) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based metrics were calculated for only two brain regions/channels. These metrics found no difference between left and right sides in healthy volunteer, cardiac surgery, and intracranial hemorrhage patient studies. In contrast, significant differences were reported in endarterectomy, and subarachnoid hemorrhage studies, while varying results were found regarding regional disparity in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and multiple population studies. Significance: Further research is required to evaluate regional disparity using NIRS-based indices and to understand if NIRS-based indices provide better regional disparity information than TCD-based indices.
Relativistic calculation of electron impact excitation of tin: cross sections of importance in plasma modeling
Authors: Suresh Indhu , N S R Srikar P S , Priti  , Srivastava R , Gangwar R K
Published: June 2023

The present work includes the calculation of electron impact excitation cross sections for the fine structure resolved transitions in Sn I and Sn II, using the relativistic distorted wave approximation with the aid of Dirac-Fock multiconfigurational wavefunctions. For Sn I, the cross sections are calculated for the excitations from the fine structure resolved energy levels of the manifolds,

5

s
2

5

p
2

,

5
p
6
s

,

5
p
5
d

, and

5
p
6
p

including the ground state,

5

s
2

5

p
2

(
3

P

0

)

to the fine structure resolved levels of

5

s
2

5

p
2

,

5
p
6
[
s
,
p
,
d
,
f
]

,

5
p
4
f

,

5
p
5
[
d
,
f
,
g
]

, and

5
p
7
[
s
,
p
,
d
,
f
]

manifolds for a wide range of projectile electron energy from 0 to 500 eV. Further, the cross sections are also calculated for the excitations of Sn II from the fine structure resolved energy levels of the manifolds,

5

s
2

5
p

,

5
s
5

p
2

,

5

s
2

6
s

,

5

s
2

5
d

and

5

s
2

6
p

including the ground state,

5

s
2

5
p

(
2

P

1

/

2

)

to the fine structure resolved levels of

5
s
5

p
2

,

5

s
2

6
[
s
,
p
,
d
]

,

5

s
2

5
d

,

5

s
2

7
[
s
,
p
,
d
]

, and

5

s
2

8
[
s
,
p
,
d
]

manifolds. All the cross sections for Sn I except for the excitation from the ground state

5

s
2

5

p
2

(
3

P

0

)

to the fine-structure resolved excited states of

5

s
2

5

p
2

,

5
p
6
[
s
,
p
]

and

5
p
5
d

manifolds and all the cross sections for Sn II are reported for the first time. In order to ensure the consistency of the present calculations, a comparison of the oscillator strengths and transition probabilities is carried out with the available calculations and measurements. The present cross sections are also compared with previous calculations and observed to be in reasonable agreement. The calculated cross sections are of great interest in the modeling and diagnostic of various plasmas such as laser induced plasma, fusion plasma, etc. Further, to ease the use of calculated cross sections, the analytic fitting of the cross sections is also provided.
Significant reduction in the low-field magnetization of Nb3Sn superconducting strands using the internal oxidation APC approach
Authors: Xu X , Sumption M , Wan F , Peng X , Rochester J , Choi E S
Published: June 2023

Nb3Sn superconductors are promising for building accelerator magnets for future energy-frontier circular colliders. A critical factor for this application is the low-field persistent-current magnetization because it leads to several critical issues: e.g. low-field instability (including flux jumps), hysteresis loss, and field errors in magnet bores. Suppression of low-field magnetization requires reduction of low-field critical current density (J
c) or effective subelement size (d
eff). However, reduction of d
eff of state-of-the-art Nb3Sn conductors—the restacked-rod-process (RRP®) type—below 40–50 μm without a pronounced decrease in high-field J
c is difficult. On the other hand, the internal oxidation method which forms artificial pinning centers (APC) in Nb3Sn offers an alternative approach to reducing the low-field magnetization. Compared with a conventional Nb3Sn conductor whose flux pinning force versus field (F
p–B) curve peaks at ∼20% of its irreversibility field (B
irr), the F
p–B curve peaks of APC conductors shift to higher fields due to the point pinning effect, leading to flattening of the J
c–B curves. The goal of this paper is to quantitatively study how much the APC approach can reduce the low-field magnetization. We measured the J
c–B curves of an RRP® conductor and two APC conductors (reacted at 700 °C) from zero field to B
irr using a high-field vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the APC conductors have higher non-Cu J
c at high fields (e.g. 32%–41% higher at 16 T) and simultaneously lower non-Cu J
c at low fields (e.g. 28%–34% lower at 1 T) compared with the RRP®. This effect is due to a competition between their Nb3Sn layer fraction ratios and layer F
p ratios. Suppose they reach the same 16 T non-Cu J
c, then the 1 T non-Cu J
c and magnetization of the APC conductors are only half or even less compared with the RRP® conductor.
Investigation on nonuniform current density and shape deformation affecting the magnetic field performance of a saddle-shaped no-insulation HTS cosine–theta dipole magnet
Authors: Kim Geonyoung , Park Jeonghwan , Bang Jeseok , Hahn Garam , Park Seong Hyeon , Im Chaemin , Park Hyunsoo , Kim Jaemin , Choi Seyong , Kang Hyoungku , Hahn Seungyong , Lee Sangjin
Published: June 2023

High magnetic fields are desirable for discovering new particles in particle accelerators. Dipole magnets using superconductors have played a key role in creating the required field intensity and uniformity. In contrast, high temperature superconductor (HTS) dipole magnets have recently been spotlit because of their ability to generate higher magnetic fields compared to their low temperature superconductor counterpart. Similar needs have emerged in other fields using magnets, and no-insulation (NI) technology is considered a feasible option to reach high magnetic fields by overcoming the disadvantages of HTS magnets. However, research has rarely been carried out on the utilization of NI HTS magnet technology for dipole magnets in high-field accelerators. Here we show the design, fabrication, and test results of an NI HTS dipole magnet with numerical analysis results. This paper aims to investigate the effect of nonuniform current density and undesirable shape deformation on the magnetic field distribution of a saddle-shaped NI HTS dipole magnet. The magnet is designed and constructed considering the ‘constant perimeter winding’ technique and tested in liquid nitrogen. The field mapping process is also performed along a designated mapping trajectory to obtain the magnetic field distribution. A T-A formulation-based simulation model, named the ‘sequential simulation model,’ is suggested to reproduce the measurements and employed considering the current distribution and shape deformation. As a result of quantitative analysis of the transverse direction measurements, the magnetic field error decreased by 0.02 percent point (pp) when the nonuniform current density is considered. It decreased by 0.13 pp when the shape deformation is considered. Moreover, the critical current calculated through an additional numerical analysis shows an error of up to 10%. In conclusion, the saddle-shaped NI HTS dipole magnet can produce a sufficient magnetic field level for particle accelerator research, even though the field distribution shows a uniformity of 0.37% within this study.
The power of qutrits for non-adaptive measurement-based quantum computing
Authors: Mackeprang Jelena , Bhatti Daniel , Hoban Matty J , Barz Stefanie
Published: June 2023

Non-locality is not only one of the most prominent quantum features but can also serve as a resource for various information-theoretical tasks. Analysing it from an information-theoretical perspective has linked it to applications such as non-adaptive measurement-based quantum computing (NMQC). In this type of quantum computing the goal is to output a multivariate function. The success of such a computation can be related to the violation of a generalised Bell inequality. So far, the investigation of binary NMQC with qubits has shown that quantum correlations can compute all Boolean functions using at most

2
n

−
1

qubits, whereas local hidden variables (LHVs) are restricted to linear functions. Here, we extend these results to NMQC with qutrits and prove that quantum correlations enable the computation of all three-valued logic functions using the generalised qutrit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state as a resource and at most

3
n

−
1

qutrits. This yields a corresponding generalised GHZ type paradox for any three-valued logic function that LHVs cannot compute. We give an example for an n-variate function that can be computed with only n + 1 qutrits, which leads to convenient generalised qutrit Bell inequalities whose quantum bound is maximal. Finally, we prove that not all functions can be computed efficiently with qutrit NMQC by presenting a counterexample.
Multi-electrode parallel three-dimensional manipulation based on typical optically-induced dielectrophoresis
Authors: Yang Huanzhou , Hou Fengyan , Li Bo , Song Zhengxun , Wang Zuobin
Published: June 2023

In this paper, three-dimensional manipulation based on typical optically-induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) was realized by using different shapes of electrodes and forced in different directions, and parallel three-dimensional manipulation of multiple electrodes was studied. SMMC-7721 cells were manipulated in 8.5% (w/v) sucrose solution, and the direction of the force on the cell (positive or negative) was determined by the frequency of the external electrical signal. We used light patterns of different shapes (dot, stripe, and ring) to achieve three-dimensional manipulation of cells based on positive force and the constricted ring to achieve three-dimensional manipulation based on negative force. We studied the effect of electrode spacing on manipulation when multiple electrodes were simultaneously used for three-dimensional manipulation. To achieve parallel and independent three-dimensional manipulation of multiple electrodes, it is necessary to ensure a large electrode spacing.
Early universe dynamics of PQ field with very small self-coupling and its implications for axion dark matter
Authors: Kozów P. , Olechowski M.
Published: June 2023

Axion-like particles (ALPs) are often considered as good candidates for dark matter. Several mechanisms generating relic abundance of ALP dark matter have been proposed. They may involve processes which take place before, during or after cosmic inflation. In all cases an important role is played by the potential of the corresponding Peccei-Quinn (PQ) field. Quite often this potential is assumed to be dominated by a quartic term with a very small coupling. We show that in such situation it is crucial to take into account different kinds of corrections especially in models in which the PQ field evolves during and after inflation. We investigate how such evolution changes due to radiative, thermal and geometric corrections. In many cases those changes are very important and result in strong modifications of the predictions of a model. They may strongly influence the amount of ALP contributions to cold and warm components of dark matter as well as the power spectrum of associated isocurvature perturbations. Models with a quasi-supersymmetric spectrum of particles to which the PQ field couples seem to be especially interesting.
Qualitative features of such models are discussed with the help of approximate analytical formulae. However, the dynamics of the PQ field with the considered corrections taken into account is more complicated than in the case without corrections so dedicated numerical calculations are necessary to obtain precise predictions.
We present such results for some characteristic benchmark points in the parameter space.
Preliminary Exploration of Areal Density of Angular Momentum for Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Zhang Lan , Wang Feilu , Xue Xiangxiang , Salzmann David , Shen Baifei , Zhong Zehao , Zhao Gang
Published: June 2023

The specific angular momenta (j

t
) of stars, baryons as a whole and dark matter halos contain clues of vital importance about how galaxies form and evolve. Using a sample of 70 spiral galaxies, we perform a preliminary analysis of j

t
, and introduce a new quantity, e.g., areal density of angular momentum (ADAM) (

j
t

M
⋆

/

(
2

R
d

)

2

) as an indication for the existence of jet(s) in spiral galaxies. The percentage of spiral galaxies having jet(s) shows a strong correlation with ADAM, although the present sample is incomplete.
Two-dimensional collisional particle model of the divertor sheath with electron emissive walls
Authors: Cichocki F. , Sciortino V. , Giordano F. , Minelli P. , Taccogna F.
Published: June 2023

A novel two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code, named Divertor Edge Simulator of Plasma-wall Interaction with Consistent COllisions (DESPICCO) and developed at CNR-ISTP, is capable of simulating the thin plasma layer of several millimeters, adjacent to the divertor tiles of a Tokamak fusion reactor. Here, kinetic effects and non-neutral plasma physics in the Debye sheath can be self-consistently captured by the PIC approach. The code is firstly benchmarked against literature one-dimensional codes and additional theoretical predictions for a magnetized sheath. Then, it is applied to a realistic divertor scenario featuring an attached plasma with monoblocks (MBs) radial misalignment and gaps, to compute the energy flux amplification factor at the exposed MB edge. A non-ambipolar local current density close to the leading edge and an average sheath heat transmission coefficient larger than the one predicted by classical sheath theory, are found. The effects of electron wall emission and plasma-gas collisions on the ion Mach number and on particle and energy fluxes to the walls are finally estimated to determine future guidelines for simulations. Ion collisions with recycled neutrals and both secondary and thermionic electron emission from the wall are found to have a relevant impact, with the overall effect of reducing by 25% the average ion impact energy, and by 15%–20% the total heavy particles energy flux to the walls, with relevant implications on the divertor wall erosion.
Propaganda and Rhetoric
Authors: Oddo John
Published: June 2023

Propaganda was first identified as a public crisis following World War I, as citizens discovered that their own governments had subjected them to deception and emotional manipulation. Today, it seems no less disturbing. Accusations swirl decrying fake news, spin, active measures, and, again, propaganda. But with nearly every accusation there is also a denial and, more important, a counteraccusation: that propaganda is merely a label applied to messages one dislikes, a slippery word that says more about the accuser’s politics than it does about supposed defects in communication.

The slipperiness surrounding propaganda has fascinated scholars for over a century, as they have grappled with whether and how it can be distinguished from other kinds of rhetoric. One crucial sticking point concerns propaganda’s means of persuasion. It is commonly supposed that propaganda relies on falsity, emotion, and irrational appeals. However, adjudicating what is true and reasonable is not as clear-cut as it may seem, and much work attempts to differentiate manipulation from legitimate persuasion. Another key concern is the morality of propaganda. Some theorize that it is intrinsically wrong because it seeks its own partisan agenda. But others argue that partisanship is characteristic of all advocacy, and they wonder whether propaganda can and should be employed for worthy democratic purposes. Finally, scholars propose different models for how propaganda works. One model features a propagandist who deliberately targets a passive audience and attempts to move them for selfish ends. But other models see propaganda as a more collective activity, something that audiences pass around to each other, either purposefully or without any design. Difficult as it is to define propaganda, however, scholars do agree on two things: It is enormously powerful, and it shows no signs of slowing down.
Estrangement and Impact on Family Communication
Authors: Scharp Kristina M.
Published: June 2023

Family estrangement occurs when at least one family member voluntarily and intentionally distances themselves from another family member because of an often ongoing negative relationship. Similar to divorce, parent–child estrangement can be an intergenerational issue; this means that adult children who distance themselves from their parents might eventually be distanced from their own children. Although it can be a healthy solution to an unhealthy environment, research suggests that estrangement can be complicated (e.g., marked by on-again/off-again cycles), uncertain, disenfranchised, stigmatized, and unsupported. Considering families are interdependent systems, the impact of family distancing can affect each and every member of the family, regardless of whether a person is directly involved. Nevertheless, parents, children, immediate family members, and siblings have varying and nuanced perspectives. For example, parents often desire reconnection and reconciliation, whereas adult children often do not. Siblings often face a different dynamic considering the power relationships between siblings are more horizontal than vertical. This means that siblings often have the same amount of power (i.e., horizontal) compared to parents and children (i.e., vertical), in which there is a greater power difference. Overall, the study of family estrangement is relatively new regardless of discipline; more research will be needed to characterize this experience and test related outcomes. Indeed, even though there is hardly any research at all, there is even less quantitative research. Continuing the study of family estrangement is important, however, considering it calls into question the inevitability of family relationships, which, albeit concerning to some, opens up the possibility to reconceptualize family to de-emphasize biological ties and emphasize care and communication.
CO₂ in the Atmosphere: Growth and Trends Since 1850
Authors: Ramonet Michel , Chatterjee Abhishek , Ciais Philippe , Levin Ingeborg , Sha Mahesh Kumar , Steinbacher Martin , Sweeney Colm
Published: June 2023

Very accurate long-term measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrationsbi are needed to understand the role of human activities on the greenhouse effect, as well as the interactions between anthropogenic emissions and the natural carbon cycle. Knowledge of the carbon cycle has been acquired through the development describes the development of atmospheric measurement networks and methods for measuring CO2 in the atmosphere, including the measurement of CO2 in air bubbles extracted from ice cores, the emergence of precise in situ measurements at the beginning of the 1960s, and the operational networks now deployed in certain parts of the world. The surface network of atmospheric stations where CO2 is measured, either in air samples or by in situ instrumentation, made up of about 150 monitoring sites, supplemented by airborne measurements on board of research and commercial aircrafts, is coordinated by international projects aimed at guaranteeing a long-term measurement compatibility to within approximately 0.025‰ (0.1 ppm). This level of accuracy is necessary to characterize atmospheric signals such as the long-term trend, which has risen in 60 years from 1 to 2.2 ppm/year, but also the interannual, seasonal, and regional variations of CO2. These atmospheric signals provide unique information about natural biogeochemical cycles and their current disturbance. The additional measurement of radiocarbon in atmospheric CO2, as described in this article, also makes it possible to identify the contribution due to fossil fuel CO2 emissions. The logistics and metrological requirements of in situ measurements mean that the monitoring network only covers the globe very incompletely—hence the importance of satellite observations, which have been developing strongly since their emergence in the early 2000s. Recent space-based CO2 observations make it possible to measure the concentration of CO2 averaged in the atmospheric column with global coverage under cloud-free conditions, providing millions of measurements each year, with a precision that can now reach 1 ppm, thus 10 times less than in situ instrumentation. Similar measurements of total CO2 columns are also made by ground-based remote sensing instruments, at about 100 sites over the world. They provide important reference data to evaluate atmospheric CO2 measurements from satellites and, in combination with in situ measurements of vertical profiles, provide a transfer standard between the satellite measurements and ground-based in situ networks.

This article provides an overview of CO2 monitoring programs and what they tell about large-scale biogeochemical change. The perspectives for the development of CO2 observations are important both for surface networks and for space-based observations, with the objective of moving toward the characterization of processes at increasingly fine spatial scales, in particular toward urban emissions.