bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Variable Outlet Turbine Concept for Turbochargers
Authors: Chebli Elias , Casey Michael , Martinez-Botas Ricardo , Sumser Siegfried , Müller Markus , Künzel Stefan , Leweux Johannes , Gorbach Andreas , Schmidt Wolfram
Published: August 2014

A variable geometry concept for advanced turbocharger (TC) systems is presented. The variability of the device is based on outlet area changes as opposed to the more common systems that are based on inlet turbine geometry changes. In addition to the conventional variable turbine geometry (VTG), the new variable turbine type is termed variable outlet turbine (VOT). The flow variability is achieved by variation of the flow cross section at the turbine outlet using an axial displacement of a sliding sleeve over the exducer and provides a simple solution for flow variability. In order to predict the aerodynamic performance and to analyze the loss mechanisms of this new turbine, the flow field of the VOT is calculated by means of steady state 3D-CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations. The VOT design is optimized by finding a good balance between clearance and outlet losses. Furthermore, experimental results of the VOT are presented and compared to a turbine equipped with a waste gate (WG) that demonstrates an efficiency advantage of 5%. Additionally, engine performance measurements were carried out to investigate the influence of the VOT on fuel consumption and to asses the functionality of the new pneumatic actuating system. The VOT engine tests show also performance advantage in comparison to a WG turbine especially toward high engine loads. It is found that the use of the VOT at this condition shows a turbine efficiency advantage of 6% related to a reduction in engine fuel consumption of 1.4%. The behavior at part load is neutral and the peak turbine efficiency of the VOT is comparable with a fix turbine geometry.
Influence of Unsteadiness on the Control of a Hub-Corner Separation Within a Radial Vaned Diffuser
Authors: Marsan Aurélien , Trébinjac Isabelle , Coste Sylvain , Leroy Gilles
Published: August 2014

The present work aims at evaluating the effect of the impeller–diffuser interaction on the control of a hub corner separation, which develops in the radial vaned diffuser of a centrifugal compressor designed and built by Turbomeca, Safran group. Unsteady numerical simulations of the flow in the aspirated centrifugal compressor are then performed. Numerical results are validated by comparison with the available experimental results. The analysis of the numerical flow field shows that the hub-corner separation is not completely removed by the suction, on the contrary to the steady-state results that were obtained in previous work. The boundary layer separation is only translated downstream. Its location is explained by the scrolling of the pressure waves generated by the impeller–diffuser interaction, which strengthen when crossing the diffuser throat. This result highlights the major role played by the impeller–diffuser interaction, which should be taken into account for developing control strategies in radial vaned diffusers, and stresses the shortcoming of the steady-state numerical model when suction is applied.
Dynamic Relationships Between Motor Skill Competence and Health-Related Fitness in Youth
Authors: Stodden David F. , Gao Zan , Goodway Jacqueline D. , Langendorfer Stephen J.
Published: August 2014

This cross-sectional study examined associations among motor skill competence (MSC) and health-related fitness (HRF) in youth. A convenient sample of 253 boys and 203 girls (aged 4–13 years) participated in the study. Associations among measures of MSC (throwing and kicking speed and standing long jump distance) and a composite measure of HRF (push-ups, curl-ups, grip strength and PACER test) across five age groups (4–5, 6–7, 8–9, 10–11 and 12–13 yrs.) were assessed using hierarchical regression modeling. When including all children, throwing and jumping were significantly associated with the composite HRF factor for both boys and girls (throw, t = 5.33; jump, t = 4.49) beyond the significant age effect (t = 4.98) with kicking approaching significance (t = 1.73, p = .08). Associations between throwing and kicking speed and HRF appeared to increase from early to middle to late childhood age ranges. Associations between jumping and HRF were variable across age groups. These results support the notion that the relationship between MSC and HRF performance are dynamic and may change across childhood. These data suggest that the development of object control skills in childhood may be important for the development and maintenance of HRF across childhood and into adolescence.
Dialysis Complications in AKI Patients Treated with Extended Daily Dialysis: Is the Duration of Therapy Important?
Authors: Ballarin Albino Bianca , Balbi André Luis , Ponce Daniela
Published: August 2014

This trial aimed to compare the dialysis complications occurring during different durations of extended daily dialysis (EDD) sessions in critically ill AKI patients. We included patients older than 18 years with AKI associated with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit and using noradrenaline dose ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 μg/kg/min. Patients were divided into two groups randomly: in G1, 6 h sessions were performed and, in G2, 10 h sessions were performed. Seventy-five patients were treated with 195 EDD sessions for 18 consecutive months. The prevalence of hypotension, filter clotting, hypokalaemia, and hypophosphataemia was 82.6, 25.3, 20, and 10.6%, respectively. G1 and G2 were similar in male predominance and SOFA. There was no significant difference between the two groups in hypotension, filter clotting, hypokalaemia, and hypophosphataemia. However, the group treated with sessions of 10 hours showed higher refractory to clinical measures for hypotension and dialysis sessions were interrupted more often. Metabolic control and fluid balance were similar between G1 and G2. In conclusion, intradialysis hypotension was common in AKI patients treated with EDD. There was no difference in the prevalence of dialysis complications in patients undergoing different durations of EDD.
Neurotensin Decreases the Proinflammatory Status of Human Skin Fibroblasts and Increases Epidermal Growth Factor Expression
Authors: Pereira da Silva Lucília , Miguel Neves Bruno , Moura Liane , Cruz Maria Teresa , Carvalho Eugénia
Published: August 2014

Fibroblasts colonization into injured areas during wound healing (WH) is responsible for skin remodelling and is also involved in the modulation of inflammation, as fibroblasts are immunologically active. Herein, we aimed to determine neurotensin effect on the immunomodulatory profile of fibroblasts, both in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Neurotensin mediated responses occurred through NTR1 or NTR3 receptors, while under inflammatory conditions NTR1 expression increase seemed to modulate neurotensin responses. Among different immunomodulatory genes, CCL11, IL-8, and IL-6 were the most expressed genes, while CCL4 and EGF were the less expressed genes. After neurotensin exposure, IL-8 mRNA expression was increased while CCL11 was decreased, suggesting a proinflammatory upregulation and chemoattractant ability downregulation of fibroblasts. Under inflammatory conditions, gene expression was significantly increased. After neurotensin exposure, CCL4 and IL-6 mRNA expression were decreased while CCL11 was increased, suggesting again a decrease in the chemoattractant capacity of fibroblasts and in their proinflammatory status. Furthermore, the expression of EGF, a crucial growth factor for skin cells proliferation and WH, was increased in all conditions. Overall, neurotensin, released by nerve fibers or skin cells, may be involved in the decrease of the chemotaxis and the proinflammatory status in the proliferation and remodelling phases of WH.
Acupoint Injection of Autologous Stromal Vascular Fraction and Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Treat Hip Dysplasia in Dogs
Authors: Marx Camila , Silveira Maiele Dornelles , Selbach Isabel , da Silva Ariel Silveira , Braga Luisa Maria Gomes de Macedo , Camassola Melissa , Nardi Nance Beyer
Published: August 2014

Stem cells isolated from adipose tissue show great therapeutic potential in veterinary medicine, but some points such as the use of fresh or cultured cells and route of administration need better knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF,n=4) or allogeneic cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs,n=5) injected into acupuncture points in dogs with hip dysplasia and weak response to drug therapy. Canine ASCs have proliferation and differentiation potential similar to ASCs from other species. After the first week of treatment, clinical evaluation showed marked improvement compared with baseline results in all patients treated with autologous SVF and three of the dogs treated with allogeneic ASCs. On days 15 and 30, all dogs showed improvement in range of motion, lameness at trot, and pain on manipulation of the joints, except for one ASC-treated patient. Positive results were more clearly seen in the SVF-treated group. These results show that autologous SVF or allogeneic ASCs can be safely used in acupoint injection for treating hip dysplasia in dogs and represent an important therapeutic alternative for this type of pathology. Further studies are necessary to assess a possible advantage of SVF cells in treating joint diseases.
Gradual Recovery from Nonambulatory Quadriparesis Caused by Metastatic Epidural Cervical Cord Compression in an Octogenarian Gallbladder Carcinoma Patient Treated with Image-Guided Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy Alone Using a Field-in-Field Technique
Authors: Ohtakara Kazuhiro , Hoshi Hiroaki
Published: August 2014

Radiotherapy for acute metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) involves conventional techniques and dose fractionation schemes, as it needs to be initiated quickly. However, even with rapid intervention, few paraplegic patients regain ambulation. Here, we describe the case of a mid-octogenarian who presented with severe pain and nonambulatory quadriparesis attributable to MESCC at the fifth cervical vertebra, which developed 10 months after the diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma of the gallbladder. Image-guided three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (IG-3DCRT) was started with 25 Gy in 5 fractions followed by a boost of 12 Gy in 3 fractions, for which a field-in-field (FIF) technique was used to optimize the dose distribution. Despite the fact that steroids were not administered, the patient reported significant pain reduction and showed improved motor function 3 and 4 weeks after the IG-3DCRT, respectively. Over the following 4 months, her neurological function gradually improved, and she was consequently able to eat and change clothes without assistance and to walk slowly for 10–20 m using a walker. She succumbed to progression of abdominal disease 8.5 months after the IG-3DCRT. This case demonstrates that image-guided FIF radiotherapy with a dose-escalated hypofractionated regimen can potentially improve functional outcome and local control.
Use of Early Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy in Fat Embolism Syndrome to Prevent Right Heart Failure
Authors: Brotfain Evgeni , Koyfman Leonid , Kutz Ruslan , Frenkel Amit , Gruenbaum Shaun E. , Zlotnik Alexander , Klein Moti
Published: August 2014

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a life-threatening condition in which multiorgan dysfunction manifests 48–72 hours after long bone or pelvis fractures. Right ventricular (RV) failure, especially in the setting of pulmonary hypertension, is a frequent feature of FES. We report our experience treating 2 young, previously healthy trauma patients who developed severe hypoxemia in the setting of FES. Neither patient had evidence of RV dysfunction on echocardiogram. The patients were treated with inhaled nitric oxide (NO), and their oxygenation significantly improved over the subsequent few days. Neither patient developed any cardiovascular compromise. Patients with FES that have severe hypoxemia and evidence of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are likely at risk for developing RV failure. We recommend that these patients with FES and severe refractory hypoxemia should be treated with inhaled NO therapy prior to the onset of RV dysfunction.
Molecular Characterization of Putative Virulence Determinants inBurkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Puah Suat Moi , Puthucheary S. D. , Wang Jin Town , Pan Yi Jiun , Chua Kek Heng
Published: August 2014

The Gram-negative saprophyteBurkholderia pseudomalleiis the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease which is endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. This bacterium possesses many virulence factors which are thought to contribute to its survival and pathogenicity. Using a virulent clinical isolate ofB. pseudomalleiand an attenuated strain of the sameB. pseudomalleiisolate, 6 genesBPSL2033, BP1026B_I2784, BP1026B_I2780, BURPS1106A_A0094, BURPS1106A_1131, andBURPS1710A_1419were identified earlier by PCR-based subtractive hybridization. These genes were extensively characterized at the molecular level, together with an additional geneBPSL3147that had been identified by other investigators. Through a reverse genetic approach, single-gene knockout mutants were successfully constructed by using site-specific insertion mutagenesis and were confirmed by PCR.BPSL2033::KmandBURPS1710A_1419::Kmmutants showed reduced rates of survival inside macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and also low levels of virulence in the nematode infection model.BPSL2033::Kmdemonstrated weak statistical significance (P=0.049) at 8 hours after infection in macrophage infection study but this was not seen inBURPS1710A_1419::Km. Nevertheless, complemented strains of both genes were able to partially restore the gene defects in bothin vitroandin vivostudies, thus suggesting that they individually play a minor role in the virulence ofB. pseudomallei.
Aggregated Recommendation through Random Forests
Authors: Zhang Heng-Ru , Min Fan , He Xu
Published: August 2014

Aggregated recommendation refers to the process of suggesting one kind of items to a group of users. Compared to user-oriented or item-oriented approaches, it is more general and, therefore, more appropriate for cold-start recommendation. In this paper, we propose a random forest approach to create aggregated recommender systems. The approach is used to predict the rating of a group of users to a kind of items. In the preprocessing stage, we merge user, item, and rating information to construct an aggregated decision table, where rating information serves as the decision attribute. We also model the data conversion process corresponding to the new user, new item, and both new problems. In the training stage, a forest is built for the aggregated training set, where each leaf is assigned a distribution of discrete rating. In the testing stage, we present four predicting approaches to compute evaluation values based on the distribution of each tree. Experiments results on the well-known MovieLens dataset show that the aggregated approach maintains an acceptable level of accuracy.
Microbiological, Nutritional, and Sensory Quality of Bread Produced from Wheat and Potato Flour Blends
Authors: Ijah Udeme Joshua Josiah , Auta Helen Shnada , Aduloju Mercy Oluwayemisi , Aransiola Sesan Abiodun
Published: August 2014

Dehydrated uncooked potato (Irish and sweet) flour was blended by weight with commercial wheat flour at 0 to 10% levels of substitution to make bread. Comparative study of the microbial and nutritional qualities of the bread was undertaken. The total aerobic bacterial counts ranged from 3.0 × 105 cfu/g to 1.09 × 106 cfu/g while the fungal counts ranged from 8.0 × 101 cfu/g to 1.20 × 103 cfu/g of the sample. Coliforms were not detected in the bread. Bacteria isolated were species ofBacillus,Staphylococcus, andMicrococcuswhile fungi isolates were species ofAspergillus,Penicillium, Rhizopus, andMucor. The mean sensory scores (color, aroma, taste, texture, and general acceptability) were evaluated. The color of the bread baked from WF/IPF2(wheat/Irish potato flour, 95 : 5%) blend was preferred to WF (wheat flour, 100%) while WF/SPF1(wheat/sweet potato flour, 100%) and WF/IPF1(wheat/Irish potato flour, 90 : 10%) aroma were preferred to WF. However, the bread baked from WF, WF/IPF2(wheat flour/Irish potato flour, 95 : 5%), and WF/SPF2(wheat/sweet potato flour, 95 : 5%) was more acceptable than other blends. The use of hydrated potato flour in bread making is advantageous due to increased nutritional value, higher bread yield, and reduced rate of staling.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Testing of Silver/Poly (Ether Amide) Composite Nanofibers with Ultralow Silver Content
Authors: Liang Shuai , Zhang Geng , Min Jianzhong , Ding Junqiao , Jiang Xingmao
Published: August 2014

Antimicrobial materials have attracted much attention all over the world. Herein, a new kind of antimicrobial material, poly (ether amide) (PebaxⓇ) nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles, was prepared by electrospinning method. The Ag/PebaxⓇ composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) measurements. The antimicrobial properties of Ag/PebaxⓇ composites against Escherichia coli (E. coli; ATCC25922 and avirulent) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus; ATCC6538 and avirulent) were evaluated by membrane adhering method. It was found that the Ag content played an important part in the antimicrobial ability of Ag/PebaxⓇ composites. When the mass ratio of AgNO3 to PebaxⓇ in the precursor was 0.15‰, the inhibition rate can reach >99.9% and antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus was 5.8 and 5.6, respectively, exceeding the antimicrobial testing standards JIS Z 2801. The above results indicated that the Ag/PebaxⓇ composite was a promising antimicrobial material that can be used in many applications.
The Mouse Median Nerve Experimental Model in Regenerative Research
Authors: Buskbjerg Jager Sara , Ronchi Giulia , Bjerggaard Vaegter Christian , Geuna Stefano
Published: August 2014

Sciatic nerve crush injury in rat animal model is one of the most common experimental models used in regenerative research. However, the availability of transgenic mouse for nerve regeneration studies is constantly increasing and, therefore, the shift from rat model to mouse model is, in some cases, necessary. Moreover, since most of the human nerve lesions occur in the upper limb, it is also advantageous to shift from sciatic nerve to median nerve. In this study we described an experimental model which involves lesions of the median nerve in the mouse. Data showed that the finger flexor muscle contraction strength, assessed to evaluate the motor function recovery, and reached values not different from the control already 20 days after injury. The degree of nerve regeneration evaluated with stereological methods in light microscopy showed that, 25 days after injury, the number of regenerated myelinated fibers was comparable to the control, but they were smaller with a thinner myelin thickness. Stereological analysis made in electron microscopy confirmed these results, although the total number of fibers quantified was significantly higher compared to light microscopy analysis, due to the very small size of some fibers that can be detected only in electron microscopy.
Comparative Study between Dermo, Pelite, and Seal-In X5 Liners: Effect on Patient’s Satisfaction and Perceived Problems
Authors: Ali Sadeeq , Abu Osman Noor Azuan , Arifin Nooranida , Gholizadeh Hossein , Abd Razak Nasrul Anwar , Wan Abas Wan Abu Bakar
Published: August 2014

Purpose. This study aimed to compare the effect of satisfaction and perceived problems between Pelite, Dermo with shuttle lock, and Seal-In X5 liners on the transtibial amputees.Material and Methods. A total of thirty transtibial amputees (17 male, 13 female) volunteered to take part in this research. Two prostheses were fabricated for each participant. Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) was filled in by the participants with the three liners.Results. The statistics highlight that Dermo liner showed significantly higher score (P=0.05) in walking, walking on uneven surfaces, stairs walking, fitting, donning/doffing, sitting, suspension, and overall satisfaction with Dermo liner compared with Seal-In X5 and Pelite liners. Overall satisfaction was 34% higher with Dermo liner than Seal-In X5 liner and 28% higher than Pelite liner. Participants reported less problems with Dermo liner and significant differences (P<0.05) were recorded between the three liners in sweating, skin irritation, frustration, and pain compared with Seal-In X5 and Pelite liners.Conclusion. Participants experienced high level of satisfaction and practiced fewer problems with Dermo liner. These results showed that there is good indication to believe that Dermo liner might be a good choice for transtibial users and might help the clinicians and prosthetic practitioners in selection criteria of prosthetic liners.
Reconstruction of Traumatic Defect of the Lower Third of the Leg Using a Combined Therapy: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy, Acellular Dermal Matrix, and Skin Graft
Authors: Brongo Sergio , Pagliara Domenico , Campitiello Nicola , Rubino Corrado
Published: August 2014

The reconstruction of lower third of the leg is one of the most challenging problems for plastic and reconstructive surgeons and current approaches are still disappointing. We show an easy option to obtain a coverage of traumatic pretibial defects with good aesthetic and functional results: the association of negative pressure wound therapy, acellular dermal matrix, and skin graft. The choice of this combined therapy avoids other surgical procedures such as local perforator flaps and free flaps that require more operating time, special equipment, and adequate training.
Invasive Potential of Melanoma Cells Correlates with the Expression of MT1-MMP and Regulated by Modulating Its Association with Motility Receptors via N-Glycosylation on the Receptors
Authors: Ranjan Amit , Kalraiya Rajiv D.
Published: August 2014

Matrix remodeling and invasion of basement membrane are the major determinants of malignant progression. Matrix degrading enzymes play a pivotal role in this process and have been shown to be regulated at multiple levels. Using high metastatic B16F10 and its invasive variant B16BL6 cells, we previously demonstrated that the expression ofβ1,6 branched N-oligosaccharides promotes cellular adhesion on different matrix components which in turn induces secretion of MMP9. The present investigations report that although the two cell lines do not differ in the expression of uPAR, expression of MT1-MMP is significantly higher on B16BL6 cells. Analysis of the transcripts of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) showed that expression of both TIMP1 and TIMP2 correlates negatively with the invasive potential of cells. CD44 andβ1 integrin, the two important receptors involved in motility, were identified to carryβ1,6 branched N-oligosaccharides in an invasive potential dependent manner. However, their glycosylation status did not appear to influence their surface expression. Although glycosylation on CD44 had no effect, that onβ1 integrin significantly affected association ofβ1 integrin with MT1-MMP. The results thus demonstrate that the cancer cells use multiple mechanisms for degradation of matrix in a controlled manner to couple it with movement for effective invasion.
Applications of Normal S-Iterative Method to a Nonlinear Integral Equation
Authors: Gürsoy Faik
Published: August 2014

It has been shown that a normal S-iterative method converges to the solution of a mixed type Volterra-Fredholm functional nonlinear integral equation. Furthermore, a data dependence result for the solution of this integral equation has been proven.
Analytical Solution of the Schrödinger Equation with Spatially Varying Effective Mass for Generalised Hylleraas Potential
Authors: Meyur Sanjib , Maji Smarajit , Debnath S.
Published: August 2014

We have obtained exact solution of the effective mass Schrödinger equation for the generalised Hylleraas potential. The exact bound state energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions are presented. The bound state eigenfunctions are obtained in terms of the hypergeometric functions. Results are also given for the special case of potential parameter.
An Unusual Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes during the Second Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Okuda Tomohiro , Yamashita Sadao , Ogino Yoshio , Kataoka Hisashi , Kitawaki Jo
Published: August 2014

Fulminant type 1 diabetes is a new subtype of rapid-onset type 1 diabetes, with pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, that usually develops during the third trimester of pregnancy. We describe a patient with fulminant type 1 diabetes onset during her second trimester, resulting in premature delivery. The 34-year-old woman, without any known risk factors for diabetes mellitus, experienced a sudden stillbirth at 24-weeks gestation. Her blood glucose level was 950 mg/dL and she was positive for urine ketone bodies. The condition met all the diagnostic criteria for fulminant type 1 diabetes, and was diagnosed as such. Although this disease is rare, its progression is rapid, and its clinical course is severe and occasionally leads to death; therefore, a full knowledge of the disease is important to facilitate an accurate diagnosis.
Psychiatric Axis I Comorbidities among Patients with Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Mazaheri Meybodi Azadeh , Hajebi Ahmad , Ghanbari Jolfaei Atefeh
Published: August 2014

Objectives. Cooccurring psychiatric disorders influence the outcome and prognosis of gender dysphoria. The aim of this study is to assess psychiatric comorbidities in a group of patients.Methods. Eighty-three patients requesting sex reassignment surgery (SRS) were recruited and assessed through the Persian Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I).Results. Fifty-seven (62.7%) patients had at least one psychiatric comorbidity. Major depressive disorder (33.7%), specific phobia (20.5%), and adjustment disorder (15.7%) were the three most prevalent disorders.Conclusion. Consistent with most earlier researches, the majority of patients with gender dysphoria had psychiatric Axis I comorbidity.
Physical Activity in Chronic Kidney Disease: a Plausible Approach to Vascular Calcification?
Authors: Basile Carlo , Lomonte Carlo , Lisi Piero , Karohl Cristina , Di Iorio Biagio Di , Bellasi Antonio
Published: August 2014

Vascular calcification (VC) is a prominent feature that affects up to 40 to 80% of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients depending on the degree of renal impairment. Though etiology and pathogenesis of the different types of VC are far from being elucidated, it is conceivable that an imbalance between promoters and inhibitors represents the condition that triggers VC deposition and progression. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, several lines of evidence suggest that specific factors may affect the arterial system and prognosis in CKD. Over the last decade, a few pharmacological strategies aimed at controlling different selected risk factors for VC have been investigated yielding conflicting results. In light of the complicated interplay between inhibitors and promoters as well as the fact that VC represents the result of cumulative and prolonged exposure to multiple risk factors, a more comprehensive risk modification approach such as lifestyle modification or physical activity (PA) may represent a valid strategy to attenuate VC deposition and progression.We herein aim at reviewing the rationale and current evidence on the potential for lifestyle modification with a specific focus on PA as a cost-effective strategy for VC treatment.
Physical Activity in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Preliminary Results of the Italian Project
Authors: Mosconi Giovanni , Cuna Vania , Tonioli Maddalena , Totti Valentina , Roi Giulio S. , Sarto Patrizio , Stefoni Sergio , Trerotola Manuela , Costa Alessandro Nanni
Published: August 2014

Background/Aims: The role of physical activity in transplanted patients is often underestimated. We discuss the Italian National Transplant Centre experience, which started in 2008 studying transplanted patients involved in sports activities. The study was then developed through a model of cooperation between surgeons, sports physicians and exercise specialists. Methods:  A multicentre study was realized in 120 transplanted patients of which 60 treated with supervised physical activity (three sessions/week of aerobic and strengthening exercises) and 60 controls. We present the results of the first 26 patients (16 males, 10 females; 47.8±10.0 years; 21 kidney, 5 liver transplanted; time from transplant 2.3±1.4 years) who completed 12 months of supervised physical activity. Results: Data showed an increase of peak aerobic power (t=4.535; P<0.01) and maximum workload (t=4.665; P<0.01) in the incremental cycling test. Maximum strength of knee extensors (t=2.933; P<0.05) and elbow flexors (t=2.450; P<0.05), and the power of lower limb (t=2.303; P<0.05) significantly increases. Health Related Quality of Life showed a significant improvement. Serum creatinine (1.4±0.5 vs 1.3±0.4 mg/dL) and proteinuria (0.10±0.14 vs 0.08±0.08 gr/dL) were stable. Conclusion: These preliminary results confirm the positive effects of supervised physical exercise. It can be considered as an input to promote other detailed exercise protocols.
Expression, Regulation and Function of Human Metallothioneins in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Schulkens Iris A. , Castricum Kitty C.M. , Weijers Ester M. , Koolwijk Pieter , Griffioen Arjan W. , Thijssen Victor L.
Published: August 2014

Metallothioneins (MTs) are small cysteine-rich proteins which are involved in e.g. metal homeostasis, metal detoxification and protection against oxidative stress. In addition, several MTs have been shown to regulate expression of proangiogenic growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor. Detailed information about the expression and regulation of specific MT isoforms in endothelial cells (EC) is limited. We therefore performed extensive mRNA expression profiling of all known human MTs in EC. We found that the basal endothelial expression is restricted to MT1E, MT1X, MT2A, and MT3. Physiological activation of EC by exposure to serum increased the expression of MT1E and MT2A and induced the expression of MT1M. Furthermore, exposure to zinc or copper induced the expression of most MT1 isoforms, while hypoxia specifically increased the expression of MT1E, MT1M, MT1X, and MT3. Finally, knockdown of the dominant MT isoform in EC, i.e. MT2A, resulted in decreased proliferation and sprouting as well as in increased migration of human umbilical vein EC. Together, these findings provide a link between MTs and angiogenesis.
Catheter Ablation and Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy as First- or Second-Line Therapy in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Khan Abdur Rahman , Khan Sobia , Sheikh Mujeeb A. , Khuder Sadik , Grubb Blair , Moukarbel George V.
Published: August 2014

Background—

The optimal management of atrial fibrillation remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the safety and the efficacy of catheter ablation (CA) when compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy both as first- and second-line therapy for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results—

Several databases were searched from inception to March 2014, which yielded 11 studies with 1481 patients with atrial fibrillation. The outcomes measured were recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia and the incidence of adverse events. A subgroup analysis was done to evaluate the efficacy of CA as first- or second-line therapy. There was recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia in 222 of 785 (28%) patients who underwent CA and in 451 of 696 (65%) patients who were on antiarrhythmic drug therapy (relative risk, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.31−0.52;
P
=0.00001). Subgroup analysis revealed a beneficial effect of CA both as a first-line (relative risk, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.30−0.91;
P
=0.02) and as a second-line (relative risk, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.29−0.48;
P
<0.00001) therapeutic modality. There was a significantly higher incidence of major adverse events in the CA group when compared with those in the antiarrhythmic drug therapy group (relative risk, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–3.77;
P
=0.02,
I
2
=0%).

Conclusions—

CA seems to be superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in drug naïve, resistant, and intolerant patients with atrial fibrillation. However, it should be performed in carefully selected patients after weighing the risks and benefits of the procedure.
A new species of Petersitocoroides Brailovsky (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreini) from Peru
Authors: CRUCES LUIS , BRAILOVSKY HARRY
Published: August 2014

Petersitocoroides vergarae, a new species from Peru, is described and placed in the tribe Coreini (Heteroptera). Dorsal illustrations and drawings of the pronotum, head and male genitalia, as well as a key to the known species, are provided.
State-Level Responses to the Access and Completion Challenge in the New Era of Austerity
Authors: Doyle William , Zumeta William
Published: August 2014

Understanding just how state leaders respond to fiscal crises and the continuing challenges of adequate funding should provide insight into how successful states are likely to be in creating environments where most citizens can attend and benefit from higher education. This article describes and begins to classify the nature and range of state responses to ongoing fiscal challenges. We focus on state-level leadership and governance, fiscal policies, and accountability mechanisms. We identify five types of responses: cutting costs (emphasizing cost controls and low-cost providers); buying degrees (allocating state funds based on outcomes not inputs); the grand bargain (providing more campus autonomy in exchange for lower funding); hunkering down and waiting (hoping that state appropriations will return to past levels); and falling apart (weak governance mechanisms compounding financial difficulties). The tradeoffs inherent in each approach are discussed.
Assessing the Promise of California’s Early Assessment Program for Community Colleges
Authors: Kurlaender Michal
Published: August 2014

This article focuses on California’s efforts to improve the alignment between K–12 and postsecondary schooling through the Early Assessment Program (EAP). Implemented in 2004, the EAP was designed to give high school students information about their academic preparedness for postsecondary education and to encourage teachers to teach for college readiness. I describe the EAP and its evolution and presence at California’s community colleges. I then match EAP and other test score data for California high school juniors to administrative data from California community colleges to investigate the extent to which high school student participation in the EAP predicts their college course placement and influences their academic performance. I find that very few students enter the California community college system ready for college-level work based on the EAP exam, but that the EAP can better serve community college campuses in their efforts to place students in developmental coursework.
The Role of Institutional and State Aid Policies in Average Student Debt
Authors: Monks James
Published: August 2014

Rising college student debt levels have received considerable media coverage and have even prompted policy proposals that link rising student debt with tuition inflation. This article examines the role of state aid policies coupled with tuition and financial aid policy and academic outcomes in determining variation in average student debt. A focus solely on tuition as the culprit in rising student debt misses the significant role that state and institutional financial aid policies and student outcomes play in determining debt levels across higher education institutions. Specifically, colleges and universities being need-blind in admissions, meeting-full-need, limiting loans, and graduating students in high paying majors can have a larger impact on student debt levels than can the cost of attendance. Similarly, higher state-provided student aid significantly lowers average student debt at public universities.
Pricing Out the Disadvantaged? The Effect of Tuition Deregulation in Texas Public Four-Year Institutions
Authors: Flores Stella M. , Shepherd Justin C.
Published: August 2014

This article examines whether tuition deregulation in Texas (in 2003 the state legislature gave tuition-setting authority to institutional governing boards) has affected the college enrollment of underrepresented and low-income students. Using a difference-in-differences research design, we find that Hispanic students have been most negatively affected by tuition deregulation. Results for black students are largely mixed, in that we find an increase in college enrollment after deregulation in some specifications, while Pell Grant recipients, incoming and returning, appear to have experienced an increase in college enrollment following deregulation. Implications and recommendations for state governments considering this contentious legislation are provided.
Insights and Implications for State Policy-Makers
Authors: Perna Laura W. , Klein Michael W. , McLendon Michael K.
Published: August 2014

Using a range of data and analytic approaches, the articles in this volume offer insights for understanding how state policy can increase higher education attainment and close gaps in attainment across groups. This concluding article begins by addressing the relationships between public policy and performance that cut across the volume. We then offer recommendations for state policy leaders—concrete steps that governors, legislators, and other policy actors can take to improve college access and success in their states. Finally, we propose directions for future research that will advance knowledge and understanding of how state policy can most effectively improve the higher education attainment of all students.
State Policies and Higher Education Attainment
Authors: McLendon Michael K. , Perna Laura W.
Published: August 2014

This article introduces a collection of empirical work that examines the role of state policy in promoting students’ progression into and through higher education. We provide an overview of U.S. state policy innovations that have occurred in recent years and we identify both the challenges and opportunities associated with studying public policy and higher education attainment in the states. The article concludes by outlining the perspectives of the articles included in this collection and provides a synopsis of each.
Death of an alienist: Louis-Victor Marcé’s final year
Authors: Luauté Jean-Pierre , Lempérière Thérèse , Arnaud Pascal
Published: August 2014

The cause of death, at the age of 37, of Louis-Victor Marcé (1828–64), one of the most innovative alienists of the nineteenth century, was concealed by his contemporaries and colleagues. Recently it has been discovered that he committed suicide, but the circumstances and reasons for this were unknown. Information has now been found about his family, the events of the last year of his life and an unprecedented correspondence from his father-in-law, the chemist and academician Jules Pelouze, describing Marcé’s condition during the last month of his life. All of these point towards a diagnosis of melancholy, for which none of the appropriate measures were taken, probably as a result of the ailing Marcé’s social situation.
Demonic possession and the historical construction of melancholy and hysteria
Authors: Westerink Herman
Published: August 2014

Contrary to the often-voiced opinion that the birth of modern psychiatry should be regarded as a victory of enlightened science and rationality over outdated religious beliefs and ecclesiastical authority, it is argued in this article that the emergence of medical and psychiatric approaches to pathology in modernity takes place in the context of intensified religious life and mutual rivalry between the various religious denominations. Notably the two main types of demonological possession appearing in the context of Protestant and Catholic religious life, theological reflections and pastoral practices play a major role in the conceptualizations of melancholy and hysteria. The heritage of this can be viewed in the works of psychiatrists such as Charcot and Kraepelin, and also in Freud’s psychoanalysis.
Predicting invasive breast cancer versus DCIS in different age groups
Authors: Ayvaci Mehmet US , Alagoz Oguzhan , Chhatwal Jagpreet , Munoz del Rio Alejandro , Sickles Edward A , Nassif Houssam , Kerlikowske Karla , Burnside Elizabeth S
Published: August 2014

Background

Increasing focus on potentially unnecessary diagnosis and treatment of certain breast cancers prompted our investigation of whether clinical and mammographic features predictive of invasive breast cancer versus ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) differ by age.

Methods

We analyzed 1,475 malignant breast biopsies, 1,063 invasive and 412 DCIS, from 35,871 prospectively collected consecutive diagnostic mammograms interpreted at University of California, San Francisco between 1/6/1997 and 6/29/2007. We constructed three logistic regression models to predict the probability of invasive cancer versus DCIS for the following groups: women ≥ 65 (older group), women 50–64 (middle age group), and women < 50 (younger group). We identified significant predictors and measured the performance in all models using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

The models for older and the middle age groups performed significantly better than the model for younger group (AUC = 0.848 vs, 0.778; p = 0.049 and AUC = 0.851 vs, 0.778; p = 0.022, respectively). Palpability and principal mammographic finding were significant predictors in distinguishing invasive from DCIS in all age groups. Family history of breast cancer, mass shape and mass margins were significant positive predictors of invasive cancer in the older group whereas calcification distribution was a negative predictor of invasive cancer (i.e. predicted DCIS). In the middle age group—mass margins, and in the younger group—mass size were positive predictors of invasive cancer.

Conclusions

Clinical and mammographic finding features predict invasive breast cancer versus DCIS better in older women than younger women. Specific predictive variables differ based on age.
Evaluation and revision of an introduction to experiential rotations course
Authors: Dy Eliza Anne , Nisly Sarah A
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the perceived student value of topics taught in a university’s Introduction to Experiential Rotations (RX500) course, implement course revisions to address any perceived weaknesses, and to reassess the course following implementation of those course revisions.MethodsAdvanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) students from the university’s 2012 doctorate of pharmacy class were initially surveyed to assess the perceived usefulness and design of RX500.  Based on the findings of the initial data, course revisions were developed and implemented for the following semester’s RX500 course.  In order to assess for potential changes in the perceived value of the course following implementation, a follow-up survey was sent to students completing the revised course in the fall of 2012.ResultsFifty-eight students completed the initial survey in the fall of 2011, and 34 completed the follow-up survey in the fall of 2012.  The majority of students in the both groups had completed at least four APPE experiences at the time of survey completion.  Both of the study groups rated hands-on activities and visual presentations as their most beneficial learning styles within a classroom setting.  Based on the initial survey findings, two topics were removed from the course, two topics were revised within the course, and three topics were added to the course.  The follow-up survey results indicated an increased perceived usefulness of the two revised topics; however, the three new topics added to the course had mixed results.ConclusionsData from the initial study period identified perceived areas for improvement in the course’s ability to prepare pharmacy students for the APPE year.  Following course revisions based on student perceptions, follow-up surveys indicated improvements in the perceived values of the revised topics.  Faculty can continue, however, to work on delivery of newer topics being added to the APPE preparation course.
Finding Your “Spanish Voice” Through Popular Media: Improving Students’ Confidence and Fluency
Authors: Maseda Rebeca , DeFeo Dayna Jean
Published: August 2014

This article shares an innovative course design that incorporates cultural connections and comparisons, interpersonal communication, and a relaxing classroom environment to facilitate learning and language development. By using authentic texts as the medium for learning, it provides a case example of an upper-division curriculum that focused on cognitive skills, elicited conversational dialogues, exposed and promoted the use of different registers, and tapped students’ existing schema around stimulating topics to foster engagement, reflection and enthusiasm. We advance that a curriculum that focuses on the affective domain over discrete academic or grammatical objectives can develop students’ sense of linguistic creativity and language ownership, thus improving their confidence and level of competency in the target language.
Erfolgsmessung von Enterprise Social Software: Wer? Was? Wie?
Authors: Herzog Christian , Richter Alexander , Steinhüser Melanie , Hoppe Uwe , Koch Michael
Published: August 2014

Zusammfassung

Während Enterprise Social Software (ESS) zunehmend zum Einsatz kommt, stellt die Evaluierung ihres Nutzens immer noch eine Herausforderung für die meisten Unternehmen dar. Um ein besseres Verständnis für existierende Probleme zu entwickeln und Lösungsansätze zu finden, werden im vorliegenden Beitrag Barrieren der ESS-Erfolgsmessung auf Basis von 26 Experten-Interviews untersucht. Es werden 16 Barrieren identifiziert und in die Kategorien (1) Ressourcen und Verantwortlichkeit, (2) Ziele und Zieldefinition sowie (3) Vorgehen und Datenmaterial eingeordnet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass im Kontext von ESS insbesondere fehlende oder ungenaue Ziele die Erfolgsmessung erschweren und, dass der Erhebung von Nutzungsdaten eine höhere Bedeutung zukommt. Die anschließende Diskussion soll helfen, Potenziale zur Überwindung der Barrieren zu erkennen.
Discussion of the case of the missing heat
Authors: Parker Albert
Published: August 2014

The sea level projection of a 1 meter rise for the
21st century depends on climate models that have projected
a given amount of anthropogenic warming during
the same period. However, these same climate models predicted
a warming also from 2000 to 2014, which has not
been seen in the global surface temperature. Researchers
have proposed several solutions such as the fact that the
“missing heat” was accumulated in the deep ocean. However,
no evidences of a sufficient warming of the deep
oceans have been observed. Other arguments has been
proposed as well and found unsatisfactory. There is the
opportunity that the “heat” is not “real” but “missing” or
“hiding” somewhere. If the climate model projected “heat”
that simply does not exist in reality in the first place, consequently
the models overestimate the anthropogenicwarming
and also the sea level projections for the 21st century
are overestimated.