bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of genetic and epigenetic variations in potato somatic hybrids by Methylation-sensitive ISSR and RAPD markers
Authors: Tiwari Jagesh Kumar , Saurabh Shaumaya , Chandel Poonam , Singh Bir Pal , Bhardwaj Vinay
Published: April 2015

Genetic and epigenetic changes (DNA methylation) in the mother plants of somatic hybrids (1st cycle) and their regenerants (30th cycles sub-cultured) were analyzed using methylation-sensitive ISSR and RAPD markers. ISSR and RAPD profiles and their cluster analyses based on the Jaccards similarity coefficient revealed 100% genetic similarity among the mother plant and their regenerants. While for the epigenetic changes in the samples, the MS-ISSR markers detected DNA methylation (2.7%) in the regenerants compared to the mother plant (1%), whereas MS-RAPD markers detected a little methylation patterns in the regeneratns (0.6%) compared to the mother plants (0.4%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22722 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 45-50, 2015 (March)
Antioxidant potential of common leafy vegetables in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Sheikh Julfikar , Sultana M Shahina , Iftekharuzzaman M , Hossain S Amir , Taleb M Abu
Published: April 2015

Amount of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins in ethanol extracts and antioxidant activity of both ethanol and lipophilic extracts of common leafy vegetables in Bangladesh were compared. Among the 12 leafy vegetables, Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. showed the highest content of total polyphenols (38.9 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract) and flavonoids (23.2 mg (+)-catechin equivalent (CE)/g extract). Highest anthocyanins content was found in Amaranthus gangeticus L. (1.15 ?mol/g extract) followed by Pisum sativum L. (0.85 ?mol/g extract). Ethanol extracts of Brassica campestris L., Enhydra fluctuans Lour., I. aquatica, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. and P. sativum exhibited high DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 104.2, 85.5, 26.9, 125 and 68.5 ?g/ml, respectively whereas for the same lipophilic pentane extracts of Basella alba L. showed the lowest (68.4 ?g/ml) IC50 followed by I. aquatica (70.4 ?g/ml), E. fluctuans (75.7 ?g/ml), L. siceraria (78.3 ?g/ml) and B. campestris (80.6 ?g/ml). I. aquatica also showed the highest NO free radical scavenging followed by B. campestris and B. alba. Highest reducing power (O.D. = 1.7) was observed for I. aquatica followed by P. sativum (O.D. = 1.12), B. alba (O.D. = 0.86) and L. siceraria (O.D. = 0.72) at 400 ?g/ml extract. They also displayed high total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the top five potential leafy vegetables consist of both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant(s), the order being I. aquatica > B. campestris > B. alba > P. sativum > and L. siceraria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22723 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 51-57, 2015 (March)
Anatomical changes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under phosphorus deficiency stress
Authors: Sarker Bimal Chnadra , Rashid Parveen , Jarmoker JL
Published: April 2015

Phosphorus deficiency in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) resulted in the development of abundant long root hairs which were rudimentary in plants fed with phosphorus. Root and stem diameter as well as thickness of leaf reduced under phosphorus deficiency. The cortical zone of the stem and root was found to decrease under phosphorus deficiency. Vascular area became smaller with less number of xylem vessels and smaller size of the cavity due to phosphorus deficiency. The pith area was increased in the stem under phosphorus deficient condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22726 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 73-78, 2015 (March)
Effects of plant growth regulators on lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars
Authors: Ozdemir Fethi Ahmet , Turker Musa , Khawar Khalid Mahmood
Published: April 2015

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an annual pulse legume crop of immense economic importance. This study reports use of 16 lentil cultivars' shoot tips, internode, hypocotyl, cotyledon and root explants cultured on MS medium containing 3 mg/l BAP-0.5 mg/l 2,4-D or 0.25 mg/l IBA for shoot regeneration. The results showed maximum shoot regeneration from cv. Yesil 21 on internode explants on 3mg/l BAP-0.5 mg/l 2,4-D. Best shoot regeneration on MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l IBA was noted on internode explants of cv. Seyran 96. In general shoot regeneration on 0.25 mg/l IBA was better compared to 3mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D. Well developed shoots from all cultivars regenerated on both types of culture media were rooted on MS medium containing 0.19 mg/l NAA. A system to regenerate lentil is established that will help in easy genetic transformation in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22727 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 79-84, 2015 (March
Arsenic in Rice grains at Sonargaon, Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Mohammad Ullah Shah , Ullah Md Rafique
Published: April 2015

Rice plants absorb substantial amount of arsenic when grown in rice field soil containing 3.21 mg/kg arsenic and irrigated with contaminated groundwater from a shallow tube-well having 476 ± 3 ?g arsenic/l at Sonargaon, Bangladesh. It is revealed that highest total arsenic accumulation occurred in roots (5.790 ± 0.337 mg/kg) followed by shoots (3.766 ± 0.370 mg/kg) and brown-rice grains (2.552 ± 0.507 mg/kg). The concentration of total arsenic in rice grains was beyond permissible limit (1.00 mg/kg) for human consumption. At the time of harvest 4.90 ± 1.11 - 8.27 ± 1.35 mg As/kg soil remained in the rice field soil. However, majority of the soil arsenic is washed out by rain and flood water leaving more than 3.00 mg As/kg soil after flood period which along with high level of As contaminated groundwater for irrigation, elevated the level (up to 8.27 ± 1.35 mg As/kg soil) beyond permissible limit of e.g. in USA it is 5 mg/kg soils for agriculture use. To keep the environment clean, surface water for irrigation has been suggested. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22728 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 85-89, 2015 (March)
Status and contamination level of the wastewater of Gebeng industrial estate, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Sobahan Md Abdus , Islam Mir Sujaul , Karim Md Abdul
Published: April 2015

The pH of the water of the studied stations was slightly acidic to neutral, while EC was included within recommended standard. The contamination intensity, pollution level, classification of water indicated that the wastewater having higher contamination level, especially, BOD, COD, NH3-N, PO4, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Ni and Hg concentration were high in all samples with lower DO value. The high COD content indicated that the wastewater of Gebeng area contains higher wastes. However, the results were differed on the basis of seasons and types of industries. It was also found that Pb and Hg concentrations were higher in wet season in comparison to dry, while Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Ba and As concentrations were higher in dry season in comparison to wet. All sampling sites were categorized as highly polluted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22731 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 103-110, 2015 (March)
Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Nigella sativa L.
Authors: Kazemi Mohsen
Published: April 2015

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from N. sativa was analyzed by GC/MS and the components identified were: p-cymene (22.05%) followed by ?-thujene (6%), ?-pinene (1.11%), camphene (11%), sabinene (1%), ?-pinene (7%), ?-myrcene (0.21%), ?-phellandrene (0.45%), limonene (0.13), ?-terpinene (5.12%), terpinolene (0.23%), camphor (1%), carvone (0.32%), thymoquinone (20.32%), thymol (10.12%), carvacrol (10%), longicyclene (0.9%) and borneol (0.43). The oils were also subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Thymol (13.0 ± 0.8 ?g/ml), thymoquinone (12.6 ± 0.0 ?g/ml) and carvacrol (12.03 ± 0.0 ?g/ml) showed appreciable antioxidant activity in DPPH test. Antioxidant activity guided fractionation of the oil was carried out by the TLC-bioautography screening and fractionation resulted in the separation of the main antioxidant compound which were identified as thymoquinone (51%), thymol (25%) and carvacrol (8%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22732 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 111-116, 2015 (March)
Effects of Ginkgo biloba L. extract on the seed germination, seedling growth and leaf anatomy of barley under saline conditions
Authors: Çavusoglu Kürsat , Karaferyeli Sölen
Published: April 2015

Effects of Ginkgo biloba L. extract on the seed germination, seedling growth and leaf anatomy of barley under saline conditions were studied. In parallel with concentration rise, salt stress inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of barley. The inhibitive effect of salt on the germination and coleoptile percentage was alleviated in varying degrees, and dramatically, by Ginkgo biloba application. However, it became ineffective in alleviating of salt inhibition on the radicle, coleoptile length, radicle number and fresh weight of barley seedlings. On the other hand, it was observed that Ginkgo biloba extract affected in different degrees the various parameters of leaf anatomy of barley seedlings, and this difference was statistically important. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22733 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 117-123, 2015 (March)
Late-sown lentil performance in response to foliar application of zinc
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Bhatt BP
Published: April 2015

Highest and lowest plant height at harvest was recorded with application of 0.08% Zn and in control treatment, respectively. Longest and shortest roots were recorded in the plots treated with 0.08% Zn and control respectively. Zn treatment of 0.04% produced maximum lentil seed whereas lowest was recorded under control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22734 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 125-128, 2015 (March)
Foraging behaviour of Amegilla zonata (L.) on Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke
Authors: Sharma Devinder , Abrol DP
Published: April 2015

Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke an important medicinal plant of Jammu and Kashmir, India was found to be pollinated by insects belonging to 4 orders, 8 families and 14 species. The flowers of O. kilimandscharicum were visited abundantly by Amegilla zonata (L.) followed by Apis dorsata and A. cerana. The number of bees foraging during different times on the day ranged from 4.7 - 11.30/ 5 plants/5 min; visited 12 - 25 flowers/5 plant and spent 2.3 - 7.9 s/flower. Foraging populations of A.zonata responded significantly to environmental factors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22735 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 129-132, 2015 (March
Exploitable genetic variability and determination of selection criteria using path coefficient analysis in chickpea
Authors: Bala Indu , Kalia Rama , Kumar Bhupender
Published: April 2015

This study estimates the nature and extent of genetic variability as well as direct and indirect effects of yield related traits on seed yield in 25 chickpea genotypes. The pooled analysis of variance over the environments indicated significant genotypes effect compared to genotype (g) × environment (e) interactions for all the characters. The mean values of the characters studied showed a wide spectrum of genetic variation. The genotypes ICCV 96904 and Himachal Chana-1 were found to be promising for seed yield and biological yield per plant in pooled over the environments. The phenotypic correlation coefficient revealed significant positive associations of pods per plant, harvest index, biological yield per plant and primary branches per plant with seed yield per plant. The path coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield per plant and harvest index exhibited positive and high direct effects on seed yield per plant. Therefore, these characters could be considered as the best selection parameters for the improvement of seed yield per plant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22737 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 139-142, 2015 (March)
Residual impact of wellgrow formulation and npk on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Meena VS , Maurya BR , Meena RS
Published: April 2015

Effect of concentrate organic manure (wellgrow grain and wellgrow soil) and NPK improved the growth and yield of wheat. Significant improvement in terms of growth parameters like plant height, tillers, dry matter production and productive tillers with application of 120 : 60 : 60 NPK + 300 kg wellgrow soil/ha and at par with application of 120 : 60 : 60 NPK + 300 kg wellgrow grain/ha, treatment receiving 100% NPK + 300 kg wellgrow soil/ha resulted maximum grain yield (4545 kg /ha). Treatment of 100% NPK + 300 kg wellgrow grain/ha maintained higher straw yield (5715 kg/ha) and test weight (44.10 g) due to application of 100 % NPK along with 200 kg wellgrow soil/ha whereas it was at par with application of 75 and 100% NPK with both levels of wellgrow formulation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22738 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 143-146, 2015 (March)
Metal contents in Glycine max (L.) merr. from seven provinces of China
Authors: Ruizhi Wen , Yaning Han , Yuan Rui Yuan , Yukui Rui
Published: April 2015

The black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) native to China contains rich protein, fat and vitamins. A total of 24 trace elements in black bean from Zhejiang, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hainan and Fujian provinces of China were determined by ICP-MS and AAS. Black beans were found to contain beneficial trace elements such as K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe and Mn for human health,. The heavy metal concentration in black beans are much low, which proves that black bean is a safe food. The qualities of black beans from the north provinces are higher than south provinces. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22740 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 151-154, 2015 (March)
Comparison of fatty acid content in Camellia oleifera (L.) Kuntze oil and olive oil by GC
Authors: Guo-Chen Chen , Hang Ye , Dong-Xue Wang , Nai-Yan Zhang , Wei Wei
Published: April 2015

The comparison of fatty acid content in Camellia oleifera (L.) Kuntze oil and olive oil was done by GC. C. oleifera oil contained more C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, C20:1 and C22:1n9 than olive oil. Olive oil did not contain C21:0 and C24:1 but more C8:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C20:2, C22:0, C23:0 and C24:0 than C. oleifera oil, C. oleifera oil did not contain C20:2. C. oleifera oil and olive oil are beneficial for human health for their unsaturated fatty acids content and C. oleifera oil is healthy than olive oil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22741 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 155-157, 2015 (March)
Chemical composition of the essential oils of Anethum graveolens L.
Authors: Kazemi Mohsen , Abdossi Vahid
Published: April 2015

The volatile constituents of the leaves of Anethum graveolens L., growing wild in Iran, were investigated by GC/MS, ?-Phellandrene (29.12%), limonene (26.34%), dill ether (15.23%), ?-pinene (2%), n-tetracosane (1.54%), sabinene (1.34%), neophytadiene (1.43%), n-docosane (1.04), n-tricosane (1%), n-nonadecane (1%), n-eicosane (0.78%), n-heneicosane (0.67%), ?-myrcene (0.23%) and ?-tujene (0.21%) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22742 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 159-161, 2015 (March)
Question foncière et crise urbaine dans les villes d'Afrique occidentale francophone (Land ownership and urban crisis in the towns of French- speaking West Africa)
Authors: Bertrand Monique
Published: April 2015

Résumé. - Les marchés fonciers et les paysages des villes africaines témoignent du rôle structurel de la puissance publique dans la définition des règles domaniales. Mais ses limites financières et administratives laissent pourtant se généraliser les valorisations rentières et locatives. L'inégale qualité des bâtis, l'accès sélectif aux services urbains marchands sont les principales conséquences d'une différenciation des quartiers selon les modes légaux et irréguliers. La crise urbaine de la dernière décennie renforce, mais brouille également, les effets géographiques et sociaux des différenciations urbaines.
La ville post-apartheid (Post-apartheid town)
Authors: Gervais-Lambony Philippe
Published: April 2015

Résumé. - La plupart des villes d'Afrique australe, au-delà de leurs différences, sont aujourd'hui des villes post-apartheid, héritières de structures urbaines ségrégatives. L'article définit, dans ses grandes lignes, la ville héritée et décrit, à travers l'exemple de Harare, capitale du Zimbabwe, les problèmes posés par la gestion des héritages spatiaux, mais aussi mentaux. Ceci permet une ouverture sur un univers urbain qui va connaître des changements profonds et douloureux dans un proche avenir : celui de l'Afrique du Sud.
L'impact de la crise ougandaise sur le ravitaillement de Kampala (The impact of Ugandan political crisis upon the supplying of Kampala)
Authors: Calas Bernard
Published: April 2015

Abstract. - A deep social destructuration process has been generated by the Ugandan political crisis. Some of its most important effects are the spreading of part-time jobs through the urban society and a levelling of urban food consumption. Nevertheless the city has not been threatened by food shortages thanks to the development of an active intra-urban agriculture. Although a process of ruralisation began, this activity, in the end, strengthened the urban character. Moreover, although Kampala lost some of its influence, due to transport shortage and insecurity, the food crisis did not take place because the surrounding peasants shifted from cash crops to food crops which sell well enough on Kampala markets and bring back some money. Last but not least, town men have kept family ties with their rural area. These social relationships have supported a non-monetary food supply of considerable proportions.
L'évolution des tissus urbains à Paris et à Londres pendant les années 80 (Urban change in Paris and London during the eigthies)
Authors: Robert Jean
Published: April 2015

Abstract. - The evolution of the urban fabric during the 80s is largely depending on the planning policies defined during the 70s . However, in Paris as in London, there is a crucial role of commercial estate, mainly offices in London, both offices and cultural buildings in Paris, in the urban change, and this is specific to the 80s. The evolution of housing and residential areas is more different from one case to the other, depending on the public policies, but the question is more complicated as it seems.
La décomposition urbaine à Budapest : l'héritage du communisme (Urban decomposition in Budapest : communism legacy)
Authors: Paal Michaela
Published: April 2015

Abstract. - Urban decomposition can be found as well in the Eastern as in the Western countries. In Budapest, the deficiency of the measures that were taken during the communist period led to a confused situation in which differentiations are now getting bigger and bigger.
The Unique Contributions of Distinct Experiential Avoidance Domains to Severity and Functionality of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Bentley Kate H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Wilner Julianne
Published: April 2015

Objectives

This study explored the associations between domains of experiential avoidance and severity and functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).

Methods

Undergraduates reporting a history of repeated engagement in NSSI (N = 150) completed measures of experiential avoidance, psychopathology, and self-injury.

Results

Procrastination, a specific domain of experiential avoidance, was related to the severity of self-injurious behavior; however, procrastination did not account for significant incremental variance in the NSSI severity over and above the contributions of depression and anxiety. Correlational and hierarchical regression analyses indicated that procrastination and repression/denial domains of experiential avoidance were associated with automatic negative and automatic positive reinforcement functions of NSSI (respectively) and accounted for significant incremental variance after controlling for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Both repression/denial and distress aversion also explained a significant proportion of variance in engagement in NSSI for interpersonal reasons when controlling for the contributions of depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

These findings provide preliminary support for the notion that unique relationships exist among distinct forms of experiential avoidance and both severity and functions of NSSI. Clinical and theoretical implications for these results are discussed.
Implicit Affect after Mental Imagery: Introduction of a Novel Measure and Relations to Depressive Symptoms in a Non-Clinical Sample
Authors: Görgen Stefanie M. , Joormann Jutta , Hiller Wolfgang , Witthöft Michael
Published: April 2015

Mental imagery can critically influence our emotional state. In contrast to commonly used explicit measures, implicit measures are promising for objectively assessing automatic emotional processes beyond deliberate control. In two studies with non-clinical samples, we tested the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) to measure implicit affect induced by mental imagery. In a first study (N = 145), the implicit measure showed that mental imagery elicits significantly stronger negative affect than verbally processed stimuli (F(1, 144) = 3.94, p≤.05, η2p = 03). In Study 2 (N = 71), we refined the implicit measure and found that mental images can induce implicit affective reactions at least as strong as pictures. Moreover, implicit affect after positive imagery was negatively related to depressive symptoms (r = –.26, p<.05) and explained incremental variance in depressive symptoms beyond explicitly assessed affect. Our studies suggest that the AMP represents a promising measure of implicit affect induced by mental images.
Do Negative Appraisals of Unwanted Thoughts Predict Negative Outcomes? A Test of the Effect of Negative Appraisals across Thought Types
Authors: Gentes Emily , Ruscio Ayelet Meron
Published: April 2015

Cognitive-behavioral and metacognitive theories propose that negative interpretations of normal intrusive or repetitive negative thoughts lead to symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, most research has been correlational and has examined only obsessional thoughts, despite similarities between theoretical models of obsessions and models of worry and rumination. In the present study, healthy participants were randomly assigned to receive negative, normalizing, or no feedback about their worried, ruminative, and obsessional thoughts to test the hypothesis that negative thought appraisals predict increased negative outcomes across thought types. Additional analyses determined whether preexisting beliefs about thoughts predicted outcomes, either alone or in interaction with experimental condition. Preexisting beliefs interacted with experimental condition to predict affective responses, with negative feedback having the expected effect only for individuals with preexisting negative beliefs about thoughts. Overall, results are consistent with a transdiagnostic model in which preexisting negative beliefs about thoughts act as a cognitive vulnerability in the face of specific, relevant environmental stressors.
Experimental Modification of Appraisal Style: Benefits of Seeing the Big Picture
Authors: Miller Janna V. , Rude Stephanie S. , Haner Morgynn
Published: April 2015

Big picture appraisal (BPA) entails viewing difficult situations and one's reactions to them in terms of a larger context. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether big picture appraisal could be induced using cognitive bias modification (CBM); whether the trained appraisal style could be observed on other tasks; and whether emotional reactivity would be affected. Participants read vignettes that differed between conditions only by the final word or phrase, presented as a to-be-completed fragment. As predicted, participants showed generalization of training effects to the interpretations of new vignettes and showed effects of training on the Scrambled Sentences Test, a measure of cognitive bias that entailed unscrambling sentences under time pressure to form statements that were consistent or not with big picture thinking. In addition, participants in the big picture as compared to the control condition showed a trend toward less negative mood following failure feedback.
Active Approach Does not Add to the Effects of in Vivo Exposure
Authors: van Uijen Sophie L. , van den Hout Marcel , Engelhard Iris M.
Published: April 2015

In exposure therapy, anxiety patients actively approach feared stimuli to violate their expectations of danger and reduce fear. Prior research has shown that stimulus evaluation and behavior are reciprocally related. This suggests that approach behavior itself may decrease fear. This study tested whether approach behavior adds to the beneficial effects of exposure. Spider fearful women were randomly assigned to one of three groups: repeated exposure to a spider by pulling a cart with a jar containing the spider toward them (Exposure + approach) or by having the experimenter do this (Exposure only), or no exposure. Exposure decreased self-reported and behavioral spider fear, compared to no exposure. The decrease was similar for exposure with and without the approach manipulation. No effects were found on affective priming. Our results did not show an added effect of approach by pulling a feared stimulus toward you to exposure. However, the mere visual impression of approach, and/or the decision to approach may have reduced fear.
The Political Role of Russia: A Case Study of Central Asian Muslim States
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: April 2015

Capitalism and Socialism prevail over and converted world into bipolar. U.S.S.R was super power of world and leader of Eastern Europe and Socialist Block. There was a state of constant confrontation between two Super powers, the United States and the Soviet Union that led to disintegration of USSR. Central Asian states get independence from USSR. It changed the political significance of Russia at global forums. The politics of world converted to unipolar world. Socio-economic reconstruction calls for the strength of a democratic state capable of inspiring its citizen to self-interested voluntary cooperation. Achieving the constructive project, and organizing a social consensus for its implementation.  The purpose of study is to analyze vision of political leadership of Russia for dominance in central Asian Muslim states. This perception has started from the day of independence of states of Central Asia. New shift has occurred in the region. The political significance is independent variable and dependency of Asian States is dependent variable with assumption. It is in debate that communism is sufficient political system for survival for regional countries in leadership of Russia.
Mathematical equivalence between time‐dependent single‐rate and multirate mass transfer models
Authors: Fernàndez‐Garcia D. , Sanchez‐Vila X.
Published: April 2015

The often observed tailing of tracer breakthrough curves is caused by a multitude of mass transfer processes taking place over multiple scales. Yet, in some cases, it is convenient to fit a transport model with a single‐rate mass transfer coefficient that lumps all the non‐Fickian observed behavior. Since mass transfer processes take place at all characteristic times, the single‐rate mass transfer coefficient derived from measurements in the laboratory or in the field vary with time
. The literature review and tracer experiments compiled by Haggerty et al. (2004) from a number of sites worldwide suggest that the characteristic mass transfer time, which is proportional to
, scales as a power law of the advective and experiment duration. This paper studies the mathematical equivalence between the multirate mass transfer model (MRMT) and a time‐dependent single‐rate mass transfer model (t‐SRMT). In doing this, we provide new insights into the previously observed scale‐dependence of mass transfer coefficients. The memory function, g(t), which is the most salient feature of the MRMT model, determines the influence of the past values of concentrations on its present state. We found that the t‐SRMT model can also be expressed by means of a memory function
. In this case, though the memory function is nonstationary, meaning that in general it cannot be written as
. Nevertheless, the full behavior of the concentrations using a single time‐dependent rate
is approximately analogous to that of the MRMT model provided that the equality
holds and the field capacity is properly chosen. This relationship suggests that when the memory function is a power law,
, the equivalent mass transfer coefficient scales as
, nicely fitting without calibration the estimated mass transfer coefficients compiled by Haggerty et al. (2004).
Borrowing Personal Memories
Authors: Brown Alan S. , Croft Caderao Kathryn , Fields Lindy M. , Marsh Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2015

The present investigation documents memory borrowing in college‐age students, defined as the telling of others' autobiographical stories as if they are one's own. In both pilot and online surveys, most undergraduates admit to borrowing personal stories from others or using details from others' experiences to embellish their own retellings. These behaviors appear primarily motivated by a desire to permanently incorporate others' experiences into one's own autobiographical record (appropriation), but other reasons include to temporarily create a more coherent or engaging conversational exchange (social connection), simplify conveying somebody else's interesting experience (convenience), or make oneself look good (status enhancement). A substantial percentage of respondents expressed uncertainty as to whether an autobiographical experience actually belonged to them or to someone else, and most respondents have confronted somebody over ownership of a particular story. Documenting memory borrowing is important as the behavior has potential consequences for the creation of false memories. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of the 2nd international symposium on arthrogryposis, St. Petersburg, Russia, September 17‐19, 2014
Authors: Hall Judith G. , Agranovich Olga , Pontén Eva , van Bosse Harold J. P.
Published: April 2015

Enormous progress has been made in understanding the etiology and therapies for arthrogryposis (multiple congenital contractures). A 2nd International Symposium on Arthrogryposis was sponsored by the Turner Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia. Olga Agranovich, Head of the Arthrogryposis Department of the Turner Institute, organized this special meeting. Care providers from multiple disciplines from all over the world representing 18 nations attended. Participants included: Pediatric orthopedic specialists, rehabilitation physicians, occupational therapists, physical therapists, medical geneticists, neurologists, craniofacial physicians, psychologists, developmental biologists, as well as representatives from parent support groups. The 1st symposium established the need for a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of arthrogryposis, engagement of parent support organizations, and the aim for more research. The Second Symposium highlighted the continuing need for more research on various therapies, identification of different types of arthrogryposis, standardized descriptions of severity, development of new orthotics, improved prenatal diagnosis, and studying adult outcome. Major progress has been made on both upper and lower limb treatments. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical, structural, biochemical and X‐ray crystallographic correlates of pathogenicity for variants in the C‐propeptide region of the COL3A1 gene
Authors: Stembridge Natasha S. , Vandersteen Anthony M. , Ghali Neeti , Sawle Philip , Nesbitt Mandy , Pollitt Rebecca C. , Ferguson David J. P. , Holden Simon , Elmslie Frances , Henderson Alex , Hulmes David J. S. , Pope F.Michael
Published: April 2015

Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a heritable disorder of connective tissue caused by pathological variants in the COL3A1 gene, which encodes the α1 chain of type III collagen. Type III collagen is a major component of skin, arterial walls, and the gastrointestinal tract. Collagen III protein deficiency manifests as an increased risk of rupture, perforation, and dissection of these structures. The most disruptive gene variants affect the collagen helix via glycine substitutions or splice donor site mutations. The C‐propeptide region of COL3A1 includes exons 49–52 and has a crucial role in initiating the C‐terminal assembly of procollagen monomers in the early stages of collagen biosynthesis. Nineteen COL3A1 variants have previously been reported in these exons, of which four were associated with a severe vEDS phenotype. We identified two novel C‐propeptide missense variants; p.Pro1440Leu, p.Arg1432Leu, and a non‐stop mutation, c.4400A > T, p. (*1467Leuext*45). These variants produce variable phenotypes ranging from obvious acrogeria to classical or hypermobile EDS. A previously reported variant p.Lys1313Arg is of unknown clinical significance but likely benign, based on this study. Assigning disease pathogenicity remains complex, clinical phenotyping and crystal structure evidence being crucial. We briefly compare reported phenotypes for patients with missense variants in the C‐propeptide domain for other human collagen disorders including COL1A1 and COL1A2 (osteogenesis imperfecta). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A familial interstitial 4q35 deletion with no discernible clinical effects
Authors: Yakut Sezin , Clarck Ozden Altiok , Sanhal Cem , Nur Banu Guzel , Mendilcioglu Inanc , Karauzum Sibel Berker , Cetin Zafer
Published: April 2015

Small deletions on the long arm of distal chromosome 4 do not appear to result in gross congenital malformations, with the most frequently reported clinical findings including mild to moderate intellectual disability, learning disabilities and minor dysmorphic features. Here we report on a cytogenetically detectable familial interstitial chromosome 4 long arm deletion with no discernible phenotypic effects in a mother and her two daughters. The karyotypes of the mother and her two daughters were: 46,XX,del(4)(q35.1q35.2). Based on the results of FISH analyses using whole chromosome specific and subtelomeric probes, the karyotype was designated as: 46,XX,del(4)(q35.1q35.2). ish del(4)(q35‐qter)(WCP4+, 36P21+, dJ963K6‐). Array‐CGH analysis showed an interstitial deletion encompassing 5.75 Mb in the 4q35.1–q35.2 genomic region (chr4:184,717,878–190,469,337; hg19). This is the first report on a cytogenetically detectable familial interstitial chromosome 4 long arm deletion in which there are no discernible phenotypic effects. Both our findings and a review of the literature suggest that more detailed molecular analyses are needed in cases with distal chromosome 4 long arm deletions especially those with breakpoints in the 4q35 region to establish a more precise genotype–phenotype correlation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe acute abdomen caused by symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum in three children with trisomy 18
Authors: Hayashi Anri , Kumada Tomohiro , Furukawa Oki , Nozaki Fumihito , Hiejima Ikuko , Shibata Minoru , Kusunoki Takashi , Fujii Tatsuya
Published: April 2015

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most prevalent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract and often presents a diagnostic challenge. Patients with trisomy 18 frequently have MD, but the poor prognosis and lack of consensus regarding management for neonates has meant that precise information on the clinical manifestations in infants and children with MD is lacking. We describe the cases of three children with trisomy 18 who developed symptomatic MD. Intussusception was diagnosed in Patient 1, intestinal volvulus in Patient 2, and gastrointestinal bleeding in Patient 3. All three patients underwent surgical treatment and only the Patient 1 died due to pulmonary hypertensive crisis. The other two patients experienced no further episodes of abdominal symptoms. In patients with trisomy 18, although consideration of postoperative complications and prognosis after surgical treatment is necessary, symptomatic MD should carry a high index of suspicion in patients presenting with acute abdomen. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental status of 22 children with trisomy 18 and eight children with trisomy 13: Implications and recommendations
Authors: Bruns Deborah A.
Published: April 2015

Trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 are conditions often referred to as “incompatible with life” or “lethal anomalies.” If there is long‐term survival, the outlook is considered “grim.” Developmental status is presumed to be minimal. Yet, Baty et al. [1994; 49:189–194] described a variety of developmental skills in their sample. An additional 22 children with trisomy 18 and eight with trisomy 13 are described here. A range of developmental skills is noted with strengths in the language and communication, gross and fine motor and social‐emotional domains including indicating preferences, exploration of objects and a range of voluntary mobility. These results serve to expand the knowledge base on developmental status for these groups and advance the need to further explore developmental abilities rather than focus on deficits. Avenues for future research, implications, and recommendations are provided. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel homozygous mutation in KPTN gene causing a familial intellectual disability‐macrocephaly syndrome
Authors: Pajusalu Sander , Reimand Tiia , Õunap Katrin
Published: April 2015

Recently, a novel autosomal recessive developmental delay‐macrocephaly syndrome was described caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the KPTN gene. All reported patients belonged to one large Amish kindred. We report on the second case of KPTN‐related syndrome in two Estonian adult sibs. The brother and sister both have macrocephaly and moderate intellectual disability, and their verbal abilities are more affected than motor development. No notable minor anomalies are present. Behavioral problems and a few episodes of seizures were reported in the brother. Whole exome sequencing carried out from the brother's DNA sample identified homozygous one‐nucleotide frameshift duplication c.665dupA (p.Q222fs) in the KPTN gene. Homozygosity of both affected sibs and heterozygosity of parents were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Thus, we confirm the pathogenicity of KPTN mutations and further delineate the novel developmental delay‐macrocephaly syndrome. We also support the hypothesis that KPTN‐related syndrome is not restricted to the Amish population. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pseudo‐empirical Bayes estimation of small area means based on James–Stein estimation in linear regression models with functional measurement error
Authors: Torkashvand Elaheh , Jafari Jozani Mohammad , Torabi Mahmoud
Published: April 2015

Small area estimation plays an important role in making reliable inference for subpopulations (areas) for which relatively small samples or no samples are available. In model‐based small area estimation studies, linear and generalized linear mixed models have been used extensively assuming that covariates are not subjected to measurement errors. Recently, there have been studies considering this problem under the functional measurement error for covariates using the maximum likelihood method and the method of moments. In this paper, we study the James–Stein estimator of the true covariate subject to the functional measurement error. To this end, we obtain a new pseudo‐empirical Bayes (PEB) predictor of small area means based on the James–Stein estimator. Then, we show that the new PEB predictor is asymptotically optimal. The weighted and unweighted jackknife estimators of the mean squared prediction error of the new PEB predictor are also derived. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. We observe that the PEB predictor based on the James–Stein estimator performs better than those based on the maximum likelihood method and the method of moments. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology to a real dataset. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 265–287; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada
Distinct pathways for norepinephrine‐ and opioid‐triggered antinociception from the amygdala
Authors: Maire J.J. , Close L.N. , Heinricher M.M. , Selden N.R.
Published: April 2015

Background

The amygdala has an important role in pain and pain modulation. We showed previously in animal studies that α2‐adrenoreceptor activation in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) mediates hypoalgesia produced by restraint stress, and that direct application of an α2‐agonist in this region produces analgesia.

Aims

In the present animal experiments, we investigated the pathways through which α2‐sensitive systems in the CeA produce behavioural analgesia. The CeA has dense connections to a descending pain modulatory network, centred in the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), which is implicated in various forms of stress‐related hypoalgesia and which mediates the antinociceptive effect of morphine applied in the basolateral amygdala. We investigated whether this circuit mediates the hypoalgesic effects of α2‐adrenergic agonist administration into the CeA as well as the contribution of endogenous opioids and cannabinoids. We also tested the possibility that activation of α2‐receptors in the CeA produces antinociception by recruitment of noradrenergic pathways projecting to the spinal cord.

Results

Hypoalgesia resulting from bilateral application of the α2‐adrenergic agonist clonidine in the CeA was not reversed by chemical inactivation of the RVM or by systemic injections of naloxone (μ‐opioid antagonist) or rimonabant (CB1 antagonist). By contrast, spinal α2‐receptor blockade (intrathecal idazoxan) completely prevented the hypoalgesic effect of clonidine in the CeA, and unmasked a small but significant hyperalgesia.

Conclusion

In rats, adrenergic actions in the CeA mediating hypoalgesia require spinal adrenergic neurotransmission but not the PAG–RVM pain modulatory network, or opiate or cannabinoid systems.
Hybrid simulation of a multi‐span RC viaduct with plain bars and sliding bearings
Authors: Abbiati Giuseppe , Bursi Oreste S. , Caperan Philippe , Di Sarno Luigi , Molina Francisco Javier , Paolacci Fabrizio , Pegon Pierre
Published: April 2015

This paper deals with the seismic response assessment of an old reinforced concrete viaduct and the effectiveness of friction‐based retrofitting systems. Emphasis was laid on an old bridge, not properly designed to resist seismic action, consisting of 12 portal piers that support a 13‐span bay deck for each independent roadway. On the basis of an OpenSEES finite element frame pier model, calibrated in a previous experimental campaign with cyclic displacement on three 1:4 scale frame piers, a more complex experimental activity using hybrid simulation has been devised. The aim of the simulation was twofold: (i) to increase knowledge of non‐linear behavior of reinforced concrete frame piers with plain steel rebars and detailing dating from the late 1950s; and (ii) to study the effectiveness of sliding bearings for seismic response mitigation. Hence, to explore the performance of the as built bridge layout and also of the viaduct retrofitted with friction‐based devices, at both serviceability and ultimate limit state conditions, hybrid simulation tests were carried out. In particular, two frame piers were experimentally controlled with eight‐actuator channels in the as built case while two frame piers and eight sliding bearings were controlled with 18‐actuator channels in the isolated case. The remaining frame piers were part of numerical substructures and were updated offline to accurately track damage evolution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical assessment of drug–drug interactions of tasimelteon, a novel dual melatonin receptor agonist
Authors: Ogilvie Brian W. , Torres Rosarelis , Dressman Marlene A. , Kramer William G. , Baroldi Paolo
Published: April 2015

Tasimelteon ([1R‐trans]‐N‐[(2‐[2,3‐dihydro‐4‐benzofuranyl] cyclopropyl) methyl] propanamide), a novel dual melatonin receptor agonist that demonstrates specificity and high affinity for melatonin receptor types 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2 receptors), is the first treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for Non‐24‐Hour Sleep‐Wake Disorder. Tasimelteon is rapidly absorbed, with a mean absolute bioavailability of approximately 38%, and is extensively metabolized primarily by oxidation at multiple sites, mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4/5, as initially demonstrated by in vitro studies and confirmed by the results of clinical drug–drug interactions presented here. The effects of strong inhibitors and moderate or strong inducers of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4/5 on the pharmacokinetics of tasimelteon were evaluated in humans. Coadministration with fluvoxamine resulted in an approximately 6.5‐fold increase in tasimelteon's area under the curve (AUC), whereas cigarette smoking decreased tasimelteon's exposure by approximately 40%. Coadministration with ketoconazole resulted in an approximately 54% increase in tasimelteon's AUC, whereas rifampin pretreatment resulted in a decrease in tasimelteon's exposure of approximately 89%.
Looking Back to Move Forward: The MDGS and the Road to Post‐2015: Introduction to Journal of International Development Special Issue on Reflections on the Post‐2015 Debate
Authors: Tiwari Meera
Published: April 2015

This special issue of the Journal of International Development offers a collection of reflective discussions on specific domains that can shape the post‐2015 development landscape. Three of the six articles in this issue provide a southern perspective on South Asia, Latin America and Africa. The remaining three engage with framework, domains, data and measurement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐transport properties of novel composites based on addition poly(3‐trimethylsilyltricyclononene‐7) and substituted cyclodextrines
Authors: Chapala P.P. , Bermeshev M.V. , Starannikova L.E. , Shantarovich V.P. , Gavrilova N.N. , Yampolskii Yu.P. , Finkelshtein E.Sh.
Published: April 2015

In this work we report the preparation and properties of composite materials for gas separation membranes based on highly permeable addition poly(3‐trimethylsilyltricyclononene‐7) (PTCNSi1) as a matrix and substituted cyclodextrines (CD) as fillers. CD studied had different structure and this allowed us to explore correlations between the structure of the fillers and gas permeation parameters of the resulting compositions. Namely α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrines with Me‐ or Me3Si‐substituents were synthesized and the composites containing them were prepared. Permeability coefficients of the obtained composites were determined for He, H2, O2, N2, CO2, CH4. It was found that the introduction of cyclodextrines with bulky Me3Si‐groups rather weakly influenced the permeability coefficients for He and H2, while for other gases a marked decrease in permeability was observed. On the other hand, in the case of the composites containing Me‐substituted CD decreases in permeability were observed for all the studied gases. The changes of gas permeability dramatically depend on the size of gas molecules and this results in an increase in selectivities for some gas pairs. Thus, introduction of α‐CD with Me‐groups resulted in an increase in selectivity α(H2/N2) from 5.2 for pure polymer to 9.1. The increase in CD content in a composite gave an extra growth of selectivities. BET, TEM, WAXD, positron annihilation data (free volume) and mechanical properties of the composites were also studied and discussed. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1029–1038, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers