bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verification of Fracture Reorientation and Analysis of Influence Factors in Multiple Fracturing Treatment
Authors: Lu Mingjing , Su Yuliang , Gutierrez Marte , Zhan Yaohua , Chen Kai , Zheng Bintao
Published: September 2020

A fracture will be initiated and propagated along the direction of maximum horizontal stress in fracturing treatment; however, in refracturing stimulation, the new fracture may be initiated and propagated along a different direction from the initial one. This is defined as a fracture reorientation. It is difficult to predict fracture reorientation due to the variation of formation properties after long-term production. To verify the existence of fracture reorientation and analyze its influencing factors in multiple fracturing treatment, experimental and numerical simulations are presented in this paper. Firstly, multiple fracturing stimulation is carried out with a self-assembled large true triaxial apparatus, and the fracture reorientation is successfully induced by changing the injection pressure and initial stresses in multiple fracturing processes. Then, numerical coupled hydromechanical modeling of the actual field production and injection well pattern is performed. In particular, the stress reversal region, which indicates the distance of fracture reorientation, and the factors that influence the reorientation are analyzed. The laboratory experiment and numerical simulation results show that the fracture reoriented angle obtained can be perpendicular to the initial fracture. Stress field and formation pressure are the two main factors that influence the fracture reorientation. With higher pressure differences and lower initial horizontal stress differences, the area in which it is possible to initiate reoriented fracture will be larger. The fractures of wells in the early production stage are hard to reorient due to the high formation and borehole pressure difference, and the fracture reorientation area will be expanded until the pressure difference is low to a certain value. This research result can guide oilfield stimulation treatments.
Pyruvate-Enriched Oral Rehydration Solution Improves Glucometabolic Disorders in the Kidneys of Diabetic db/db Mice
Authors: Zhang Xiao Meng , Deng Hao , Tong Jin Dong , Wang Yi Zhen , Ning Xu Chao , Yang Xiu Hong , Zhou Fang Qiang , Jin Hui Min
Published: September 2020

Diabetes is prevalent worldwide, but ideally intensive therapeutic strategy in clinical diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still lack. Pyruvate is protective from glucometabolic disturbances and kidney dysfunction in various pathogenic insults. Present studies focused on oral pyruvate effects on diabetes status and DN with 0.35% pyruvate in pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) and 1% pyruvate as drinking water for 8 weeks, using the model of diabetic db/db mice. Both Pyr-ORS and 1% pyruvate showed comparable therapeutic effectiveness with controls of body weight and blood sugar, increases of blood insulin levels, and improvement of renal function and pathological changes. Aberrant key enzyme activities in glucometabolic pathways, AR, PK, and PDK/PDH, were also restored; indexes of oxidative stress and inflammation, NAD+/NADH ratio, and AGEs in the kidneys were mostly significantly preserved after pyruvate treatments. We concluded that oral pyruvate delayed DN progression in db/db mice and the modified Pyr-ORS formula might be an ideal novel therapeutic drink in clinical prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and DN.
Supraorbital Nerve Radiofrequency for Severe Neuralgia Caused by Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Authors: Zhang Huan , Ni Huadong , Liu Songlei , Xie Keyue
Published: September 2020

Background. Radiofrequency of the Gasserian ganglion can be used for ophthalmic herpetic neuralgia (OHN), but it is associated with complications. This study aimed to use the supraorbital nerve for computed tomography- (CT-) guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation to treat refractory OHN. Methods. This was a retrospective case series study of patients with simple or combined OHN treated at our hospital between 06/2012 and 06/2018. The numerical rating score (NRS), spontaneous pain, allodynia, gabapentin dosage, paracetamol/oxycodone dosage, patient global impression of change (PGIC) score, Barrow numbness score, postoperative 360-day recurrence rate, and complications were recorded before the operation and at 1, 30, 90, 180, and 360 days after the operation. Results. Compared with baseline, the NRS was decreased, and PGIC was increased at postoperative 1, 30, 90, 180, and 360 days, and the gabapentin and paracetamol oxycodone doses at postoperative 30, 90, 180, and 360 days were decreased (all P<0.001). Compared with 1 day after the operation, numbness was decreased at 30, 90, 180, and 360 days after the operation (P<0.001). Compared with baseline, the number of patients with allodynia at each time point after the operation was decreased (P<0.001), but without a difference for spontaneous pain (P=0.407). No subjects showed drooping eyelid, corneal ulcers, eyeball damage, decreased vision, and other severe complications. Conclusion. CT-guided supraorbital nerve radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the treatment of OHN can effectively relieve pain and reduce the dose of analgesics, without any serious complication. This study suggests that this technique is feasible and applicable to clinical practice.
Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Chaihu‐Shugan‐San in Treatment of Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Xiao Kunmin , Li Kexin , Long Sidan , Kong Chenfan , Zhu Shijie
Published: September 2020

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers endangering women’s health all over the world. Traditional Chinese medicine is increasingly recognized as a possible complementary and alternative therapy for breast cancer. Chaihu‐Shugan‐San is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which is extensively used in clinical practice. Its therapeutic effect on breast cancer has attracted extensive attention, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of Chaihu‐Shugan‐San in the treatment of breast cancer by network pharmacology. The results showed that 157 active ingredients and 8074 potential drug targets were obtained in the TCMSP database according to the screening conditions. 2384 disease targets were collected in the TTD, OMIM, DrugBank, GeneCards disease database. We applied the Bisogenet plug‐in in Cytoscape 3.7.1 to obtain 451 core targets. The biological process of gene ontology (GO) involves the mRNA catabolic process, RNA catabolic process, telomere organization, nucleobase‐containing compound catabolic process, heterocycle catabolic process, and so on. In cellular component, cytosolic part, focal adhesion, cell‐substrate adherens junction, and cell‐substrate junction are highly correlated with breast cancer. In the molecular function category, most proteins were addressed to ubiquitin‐like protein ligase binding, protein domain specific binding, and Nop56p‐associated pre‐rRNA complex. Besides, the results of the KEGG pathway analysis showed that the pathways mainly involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, transcriptional dysregulation, endocrine resistance, and viral infection. In conclusion, the treatment of breast cancer by Chaihu‐Shugan‐San is the result of multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway interaction. This study provides a certain theoretical basis for the treatment of breast cancer by Chaihu‐Shugan‐San and has certain reference value for the development and application of new drugs.
Elucidating the Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Richard Seidu A. , Kampo Sylvanus , Hechavarria Maite Esquijarosa , Sackey Marian , Buunaaim Alexis D. B. , Kuugbee Eugene Dogkotenge , Anabah Thomas Winsum
Published: September 2020

Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline compounds with over 60 years of safe clinical usage. CQ and HCQ are able to inhibit the production of cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-22. Also, CQ and HCQ inhibit the production of interferon- (IFN-)αand IFN-γand/or tumor necrotizing factor- (TNF-)α. Furthermore, CQ blocks the production of prostaglandins (PGs) in the intact cell by inhibiting substrate accessibility of arachidonic acid necessary for the production of PGs. Moreover, CQ affects the stability between T-helper cell (Th) 1 and Th2 cytokine secretion by augmenting IL-10 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, CQ is capable of blocking lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) triggered stimulation of extracellular signal-modulated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in human PBMCs. HCQ at clinical levels effectively blocks CpG-triggered class-switched memory B-cells from differentiating into plasmablasts as well as producing IgG. Also, HCQ inhibits cytokine generation from all the B-cell subsets. IgM memory B-cells exhibits the utmost cytokine production. Nevertheless, CQ triggers the production of reactive oxygen species. A rare, but serious, side effect of CQ or HCQ in nondiabetic patients is hypoglycaemia. Thus, in critically ill patients, CQ and HCQ are most likely to deplete all the energy stores of the body leaving the patient very weak and sicker. We advocate that, during clinical usage of CQ and HCQ in critically ill patients, it is very essential to strengthen the CQ or HCQ with glucose infusion. CQ and HCQ are thus potential inhibitors of the COVID-19 cytokine storm.
General, 21-Day Postoperative Rehabilitation Program Has Beneficial Effect on Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients after Total Hip or Knee Replacement
Authors: Skrzep-Poloczek Bronisława , Poloczek Jakub , Chełmecka Elżbieta , Kazura Wojciech , Dulska Agnieszka , Idzik Maciej , Jochem Jerzy , Stygar Dominika
Published: September 2020

Imbalance in prooxidant-antioxidant equilibrium plays an important role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Postoperative rehabilitation significantly improves the functional activity of patients with OA. We aimed to assess the effect of the general 21-day postoperative rehabilitation on the oxidative stress markers in patients after total hip arthroplasty or knee replacement. Patients (n =41) started individually designed postoperative rehabilitation ca. 90 days after endoprosthesis implantation. We used the six-minute walk test (6MWT) to quantify the changes in their exercise capacity. We analyzed the oxidative stress markers: total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipofuscin (LPS) concentration in patients serum to asses changes in the oxidative stress intensity. We found that after 21-days postoperative rehabilitation program: the average distance walked by patients increased by 69 m; TAC increased by 0.20 ± 0.14 mmol/l; both SOD isoforms activities increased by 1.6 (±1.7) and 1.72 (±1.5) NU/ml, respectively; but Cp activity decreased by 1.8 (0.7-3.7) mg/dl. Also, we observed lower concentrations of lipid peroxidation markers: by 19.6 ± 24.4 μmol/l for MDA and by 0.4 ± 0.5 RF for LPS. A 21-day postoperative rehabilitation program effectively reduces oxidative processes, which helps the patients after total hip or knee replacement in a successful recovery.
Lactate Arterial-Central Venous Gradient among COVID-19 Patients in ICU: A Potential Tool in the Clinical Practice
Authors: Nardi Giuseppe , Sanson Gianfranco , Tassinari Lucia , Guiotto Giovanna , Potalivo Antonella , Montomoli Jonathan , Schiraldi Fernando
Published: September 2020

Objective. In physiological conditions, arterial blood lactate concentration is equal to or lower than central venous blood lactate concentration. A reversal in this rate (i.e., higher lactate concentration in central venous blood), which could reflect a derangement in the mitochondrial metabolism of lung cells induced by inflammation, has been previously reported in patients with ARDS but has been never explored in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to explore if the COVID-19-induced lung cell damage was mirrored by an arterial lactatemia higher than the central venous one; then if the administration of anti-inflammatory therapy (i.e., canakinumab 300 mg subcutaneous) could normalize such abnormal lactate a-cv difference. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted, started on March 25, 2020, for a duration of 10 days, enrolling 21 patients affected by severe COVID-19 pneumonia undergoing mechanical ventilation consecutively admitted to the ICU of the Rimini Hospital, Italy. Arterial and central venous blood samples were contemporarily collected to calculate the difference between arterial and central venous lactate (Delta a-cv lactate) concentrations within 24 h from tracheal intubation (T0) and 24 hours after canakinumab administration (T1). Results. At T0, 19 of 21 (90.5%) patients showed a pathologic Delta a-cv lactate (median 0.15 mmol/L; IQR 0.07–0.25). In the 13 patients undergoing canakinumab administration, at T1, Delta a-cv lactate decreased in 92.3% of cases, the decrease being statistically significant (T0: median 0.24, IQR 0.09–0.31 mmol/L; T1: median −0.01, IQR −0.08–0.04 mmol/L; p=0.002). Conclusion. A reversed Delta a-cv lactate might be interpreted as one of the effects of COVID-19-related cytokine storm, which could reflect a derangement in the mitochondrial metabolism of lung cells induced by severe inflammation or other uncoupling mediators. In addition, Delta a-cv lactate decrease might also reflect the anti-inflammatory activity of canakinumab. Our preliminary findings need to be confirmed by larger outcome studies.
Adaptive Fuzzy Fast Finite-Time Tracking Control for Nonlinear Systems in Pure-Feedback Form with Unknown Disturbance
Authors: Xu Ke , Wang Huanqing , Liu Xiaoping , Chen Ming
Published: September 2020

In this paper, based on the fast finite-time stability theorem, an adaptive fuzzy control problem is considered for a class of nonlinear systems in pure-feedback form with unknown disturbance. In the controller design process, the mean value theorem is applied to address the nonaffine structure of the pure-feedback plant, the universal approximation capability of the fuzzy logic system (FLS) is utilized to compensate the unknown uncertainties, and the adaptive backstepping technique is used to design the controller model. Combined with the selection of the appropriate Lyapunov function at each step, a fuzzy-based adaptive tracking control scheme is proposed, which ensures that all signals in the closed-loop system are bounded and tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin in fast finite-time. Finally, simulation results illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.
A New Hybrid PRPFR Conjugate Gradient Method for Solving Nonlinear Monotone Equations and Image Restoration Problems
Authors: Zhou Yingjie , Wu Yulun , Li Xiangrong
Published: September 2020

A new hybrid PRPFR conjugate gradient method is presented in this paper, which is designed such that it owns sufficient descent property and trust region property. This method can be considered as a convex combination of the PRP method and the FR method while using the hyperplane projection technique. Under accelerated step length, the global convergence property is gained with some appropriate assumptions. Comparing with other methods, the numerical experiments show that the PRPFR method is more competitive for solving nonlinear equations and image restoration problems.
Study on Creep Characteristics and Constitutive Relation of Fractured Rock Mass
Authors: Li Maotong , Li Kesheng , Zhang Deng , Liu Chuanxiao , Ma Depeng
Published: September 2020

In order to effectively describe the whole creep process of fractured rock mass, triaxial unloading creep tests were carried out on prefractured coal samples using constant axial pressure and graded unloading confining pressure, and the axial and lateral creep laws of fractured coal samples with different dip angles were studied. Combined with the characteristics of creep curve and based on Kachanov’s creep damage theory, the damage variable is introduced into the constitutive relation and creep equation, and the evolution equation of damage variable with time in the whole creep process is derived. At the same time, a new method to calculate the initial damage is proposed. The elastoplastic body with damage variable is connected with the Burgers model in series. Meanwhile, lade criterion and switch element are introduced into the creep model to establish a new fracture damage creep model. The one-dimensional and three-dimensional damage creep equations are derived. The damage creep equation is obtained according to the superposition principle. A simple and feasible method for parameter identification of the model is given based on the characteristics of creep curve. The applicability of the model is verified by comparing the creep test curve of fractured coal sample with the theoretical curve. The results show that the two models are in good agreement. The model can not only accurately reflect the nonlinear characteristics of creep curves in the attenuation and isokinetic stages but also describe the accelerated creep characteristics of fractured rocks.
Effects and Mechanisms of Acupuncture Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation on Neural Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Tang Huiling , Guo Yi , Zhao Yadan , Wang Songtao , Wang Jiaqi , Li Wei , Qin Siru , Gong Yinan , Fan Wen , Chen Zelin , Guo Yongming , Xu Zhifang , Fang Yuxin
Published: September 2020

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a structural event with devastating consequences worldwide. Due to the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of the spinal cord in adults, the neural restoration after SCI is difficult. Acupuncture is effective for SCI-induced neurologic deficits, and the potential mechanisms responsible for its effects involve neural protection by the inhibition of inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis. Moreover, acupuncture promotes neural regeneration and axon sprouting by activating multiple cellular signal transduction pathways, such as the Wnt, Notch, and Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathways. Several studies have demonstrated that the efficacy of combining acupuncture with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is superior to either procedure alone. The advantage of the combined treatment is dependent on the ability of acupuncture to enhance the survival of MSCs, promote their differentiation into neurons, and facilitate targeted migration of MSCs to the spinal cord. Additionally, the differentiation of MSCs into neurons overcomes the problem of the shortage of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the acupuncture-treated SCI patients. Therefore, the combination of acupuncture and MSCs transplantation could become a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of SCI. Such a possibility needs to be verified by basic and clinical research.
Noug Seed (Guizotia abyssinica) Cake Substituted with Dried Mulberry (Morus indica) and Vernonia amygdalina Mixed Leaves’ Meal on Growth Performances of Bonga Sheep at Teppi, Ethiopia
Authors: Mengistu Gezahegn , Assefa Getnet , Tilahun Samuel
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate noug seed (Guizotia abyssinica) cake substituted with dried mulberry and Vernonia mixed leaves’ meal on feed intake, body weight change, and digestibility of Bonga sheep fed on Rhodes grass hay at Teppi Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted using 25 yearling lambs with an average initial body weight of 20.83 ± 1.66 kg. Five lambs were allotted per treatment in randomized complete block design. Treatments were isonitrogenous supplements of 100% concentrate (49.5% NSC, 49.5% ground maize grain, and 1% salt) offered at 400 g DM/head/day (T1), 25, 50, 75, and 100 of NSC CP substituted by dried mulberry and Vernonia mixed leaves’ meal in T2 = 429.8 g/day, T3 = 459.5 g/day, T4 = 489.3 g/day, and T5 = 519 g/day, respectively. The sheep were fed Rhodes grass hay adlibitum and had free access to water and salt block. Intake and growth trail lasted for 90 days followed by 10 days of digestibility trial. The CP, NDF, and ADF contents of Rhodes grass hay were 7.9, 74.8, and 46.8 percent. The CP content of NSC, ground maize grain, dried mulberry, and Vernonia leaves was 32.4, 8.3, 18.5, and 22.5%, respectively. Total DM intake (g/day) was significantly higher for lambs in T3 (771.4) than in T1 (722.8) and T5 (642.8) but similar to T2 (754.9) and T4 (759.7). The CP intake was highest (P < 0.001) for sheep in T2 and T3, but lowest in T5. The apparent DM digestibility for T1 (70.8%), T2 (68.8%), and T3 (69.1%) was significantly higher than for T5 (64.4%), while T4 (67.9%) and T5 were not significantly different. The attained average daily gain (g/day) of sheep in T1 (87.7), T2 (82.0), T3 (83.4), and T4 (75.2) was higher (P < 0.01) than in T5 (56.0). The result of this study indicated that dried mulberry and Vernonia mixed leaves’ meal can substitute NSC as a protein supplement up to 75% inclusion level resulting in optimum DM and nutrient intakes and body weight gain of yearling Bonga sheep. This study also highlights the positive potential of dried mulberry and Vernonia mixed leaves’ meal as a supplement to ruminants on a basal diet of fibrous feeds.
Changes and Risk Factors of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes over 60 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study from China
Authors: Hou Liming , Liu Yan , Li Xing , Huo Cong , Jia Xin , Yang Jie , Lei Yunzhen , Xu Rong , Sun Chao , Wang Xiaoming
Published: September 2020

Objective. The accelerate loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, named sarcopenia, is a progressive and generalised skeletal muscle disorder, and it is always associated with increased outcomes including falls, frailty, and disability. Diabetes mellitus is associated with significant muscle and physical complications. We aimed at clarifying the changes and risk factors of skeletal muscle mass and strength in elderly with type 2 diabetes. Methods. The study consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes (

n
=
120

) and an older general population (

n
=
126

). The skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength, as well as the serum levels of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, homocysteine, and insulin-like factor-1 were assessed, and the correlation and regression analysis were conducted to evaluate outcomes. Results. T2DM patients exhibited lower muscle strength compared with the non-T2DM subjects (

P
<
0.01

). Among T2DM patients, serum IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with muscle strength (

r
=
0.255

,

P
<
0.01

) and muscle mass (

r
=
0.209

,

P
<
0.05

), levels of 8-OHdG were inversely correlated with muscle strength (

r
=
−
0.252

,

P
<
0.01

), and there was a negative association between HCY and muscle mass (

r
=
−
0.185

,

P
<
0.05

). Muscle mass and strength of patients with higher education level were significantly higher than those with lower education level (

P
<
0.05

), in male patients, muscle mass and muscle strength were significantly lower in smokers (

P
<
0.01

), and muscle mass was lower in chronic drinkers (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. These findings suggest that diabetic patients may be more susceptible to sarcopenia at an older age. And it also provides evidences that among elderly with diabetes mellitus, oxidative damage and HCY as well as IGF-1 are important predictors of age-dependent sarcopenia.
Predictive Value of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography or Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Assessment of Occult Lymph Node Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Seol Hee Yun , Kim Yun Seong , Kim Seong-Jang
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the prediction of occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE database, from the earliest available date of indexing through March 31, 2020, were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of preoperative 18F FDG PET or PET/CT for the prediction of OLNM in NSCLC patients. Results: Across 14 studies (3,535 patients), the pooled sensitivity for 18F FDG PET or PET/CT was 0.79 (95% CI; 0.70–0.86) with heterogeneity (I2 = 81.5, p < 0.001) and a pooled specificity of 0.65 (95% CI; 0.57–0.72) with heterogeneity (I2 = 93.7, p < 0.001). Likelihood ratio (LR) syntheses gave an overall positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 2.3 (95% CI; 1.9–2.6) and a negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.32 (95% CI; 0.23–0.44). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 7 (95% CI; 5–10). The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve indicates that the area under the curve was 0.77 (95% CI; 0.74–0.81). Conclusion: The current meta-analysis showed a moderate sensitivity and specificity of 18F FDG PET or PET/CT for the prediction of OLNM in NSCLC patients. The DOR was low and the likelihood ratio scatter-gram indicated that 18F FDG PET or PET/CT might not be useful for the prediction of OLNM in NSCLC patients and not for its exclusion.
Minimally Invasive Resection of Large Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Gertsen Emma C. , van Boxel Gijs I. , Brosens Lodewijk A.A. , Ruurda Jelle P. , van Hillegersberg Richard
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) frequently present as a large exophytically growing mass in the stomach, for which open partial gastrectomy is standard of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive gastric resection (MIG) of large (>5 cm) GIST. Methods: All patients who underwent MIG for a GIST in the University Medical Center Utrecht between 2011 and 2019 were included. Postoperative course and oncological outcomes were analyzed. Results: Twenty-two patients with gastric GIST, median size 53 mm [20–175 mm], underwent MIG. In 4 patients, preoperative imatinib was given, aiming for tumor regression. Conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery occurred once (5%). An additional resection was performed in 3 patients (14%). In 2 patients (9%), an intraoperative complication occurred, consisting of tumor rupture in 1 patient (5%), and 6 patients (27%) developed postoperative complications. Median hospital stay was 5 days [3–7 days]. R0 resection was achieved in 96%. In 4 patients, adjuvant treatment was indicated. The median follow-up was 31 months, and 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-free survival were 94, 74 and 74%, respectively. One patient presented with local recurrence 2 years after the index resection. Conclusion: MIG for large GIST up to 17.5 cm in diameter is safe, feasible, and oncologically sound, allowing for a controlled resection and reduced patient morbidity.
Country-Specific Prevalence and Incidence of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Lynch Jane L. , Barrientos-Pérez Margarita , Hafez Mona , Jalaludin Muhammad Yazid , Kovarenko Margarita , Rao Paturi Vishnupriya , Weghuber Daniel
Published: September 2020

Background: With increased awareness of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children and adolescents, an overview of country-specific differences in epidemiology data is needed to develop a global picture of the disease development. Summary: This study examined country-specific prevalence and incidence data of youth-onset T2D published between 2008 and 2019, and searched for national guidelines to expand the understanding of country-specific similarities and differences. Of the 1,190 articles and 17 congress abstracts identified, 58 were included in this review. Our search found the highest reported prevalence rates of youth-onset T2D in China (520 cases/100,000 people) and the USA (212 cases/100,000) and lowest in Denmark (0.6 cases/100,000) and Ireland (1.2 cases/100,000). However, the highest incidence rates were reported in Taiwan (63 cases/100,000) and the UK (33.2 cases/100,000), with the lowest in Fiji (0.43 cases/100,000) and Austria (0.6 cases/100,000). These differences in epidemiology data may be partly explained by variations in the diagnostic criteria used within studies, screening recommendations within national guidelines and race/ethnicity within countries. Key Messages: Our study suggests that published country-specific epidemiology data for youth-onset T2D are varied and scant, and often with reporting inconsistencies. Finding optimal diagnostic criteria and screening strategies for this disease should be of high interest to every country. Trial Registration: Not applicable.
Characteristics and Outcomes of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Events During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Miles Jeremy A. , Mejia Mateo , Rios Saul , Sokol Seth I. , Langston Matthew , Hahn Steven , Leiderman Ephraim , Salgunan Reka , Soghier Israa , Gulani Perminder , Joshi Keval , Chung Virginia , Morante Joaquin , Maggiore Diane , Uppal Dipan , Friedman Ari , Katamreddy Adarsh , Abittan Nathaniel , Ramani Gokul , Irfan Wakil , Liaqat Wasla , Grushko Michael , Krouss Mona , Cho Hyung J. , Bradley Steven M. , Faillace Robert T.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Patients hospitalized for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are at risk for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). It is unknown whether certain characteristics of cardiac arrest care and outcomes of IHCAs during the COVID-19 pandemic differed compared with a pre-COVID-19 period.

Methods:

All patients who experienced an IHCA at our hospital from March 1, 2020 through May 15, 2020, during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and those who had an IHCA from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were identified. All patient data were extracted from our hospital’s Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation registry, a prospective hospital-based archive of IHCA data. Baseline characteristics of patients, interventions, and overall outcomes of IHCAs during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared with IHCAs in 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

There were 125 IHCAs during a 2.5-month period at our hospital during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with 117 IHCAs in all of 2019. IHCAs during the COVID-19 pandemic occurred more often on general medicine wards than in intensive care units (46% versus 33%; 19% versus 60% in 2019;
P
<0.001), were overall shorter in duration (median time of 11 minutes [8.5–26.5] versus 15 minutes [7.0–20.0],
P
=0.001), led to fewer endotracheal intubations (52% versus 85%,
P
<0.001), and had overall worse survival rates (3% versus 13%;
P
=0.007) compared with IHCAs before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

Patients who experienced an IHCA during the COVID-19 pandemic had overall worse survival compared with those who had an IHCA before the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings highlight important differences between these 2 time periods. Further study is needed on cardiac arrest care in patients with COVID-19.
Cortinarius ochrolamellatus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): a new species in C. sect. Laeti, with comments on the origin of its European-Hyrcanian distribution

Authors: GARRIDO-BENAVENT ISAAC , BALLARÀ JOSEP , LIIMATAINEN KARE , DIMA BÁLINT , BRANDRUD TOR ERIK , MAHIQUES RAFAEL
Published: September 2020

Geographic distributions of mushroom-forming fungi usually remain elusive because of the scarcity of occurrence data. However, the increasing number of environmental and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) root tip DNA sequences deposited in public repositories provides a unique opportunity to expand our knowledge about fungal geographic distributions, even at the intercontinental scale. Here, we present Cortinarius ochrolamellatus, a new EcM species likely associated to a number of oak species (Quercus spp.) in the Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, Central Italy, France, and Norway. The morphological and phylogenetic study of the collections allowed us to include it within C. section Laeti. Furthermore, the combination of specimen-based and EcM root tip ITS data in the phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of this species in the Hyrcanian Quercus forests of northern Iran. Hence, the present study adds further evidence for a biogeographic link between Europe and these Asian mountainous forests concerning fungi. The inferred Pleistocene temporal framework for the origin and diversification events in C. ochrolamellatus suggests that the distribution of this EcM species was likely driven by the distribution of its Quercus tree hosts during the complex Eurasian Quaternary history.
Second-step lectotypification of six names of Litsea (Lauraceae)

Authors: KUMAR ANAND
Published: September 2020

Second-step lectotypes are designated for one accepted name, Litsea verticillata Hance, and five names in the synonymy of species of Litsea: Litsea garrettii Gamble, L. monticola Gamble, L. multiumbellata Lecomte, L. pierrei Lecomte and L. trunciflora Gamble.
Comparison of Tropical Cyclone Center Positions Determined from Satellite Observations at Infrared and Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Hu Y. , Zou X.
Published: September 2020

Determining tropical cyclone (TC) center positions is of interest to many researchers who conduct TC analysis and forecasts. In this study, we develop and apply a TC centering technique to Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) observations of brightness temperature and report on an improvement of accuracy by adding a TC spectral analysis to the state of the art [Automated Rotational Center Hurricane Eye Retrieval (ARCHER)], especially for ATMS. We show that the ARCHER TC center-fixing algorithm locates TC centers more successfully based on the infrared channel with center frequency at 703.75 cm−1 (channel 89) of the CrIS than the ATMS channel 22 (183.31 ± 1.0 GHz) due to small-scale features in ATMS channel’s brightness temperature field associated with strong convective clouds. We propose to first apply the ARCHER TC center-fixing algorithm to ATMS channel 4 (51.76 GHz) that is less affected by small-scale convective clouds, and then to perform a set of the azimuthal spectral analysis of the ATMS channel-22 observations with tryout centers within a squared box centered at the ATMS channel-4-determined center. The center that gives the largest symmetric component is the final ATMS-determined center. Compared to the National Hurricane Center best track, the root-mean-square center-fixing errors determined from the two ATMS channels (one single CrIS channel) are 29.9 km (35.8 km) and 28.0 km (30.9 km) for 104 tropical storm and 81 hurricane cases, respectively, in the 2019 hurricane season.
Trial Penalties under Florida’s Sentencing Guidelines: The Moderating Role of Case Seriousness
Authors: Lehmann Peter S.
Published: September 2020

An extensive body of research has revealed that criminal defendants who are convicted at trials are given harsher sentences than those who plead guilty. However, it remains unclear how legally relevant case characteristics might moderate this relationship. In Florida, each felony offender is assigned a comprehensive numerical score which simultaneously quantifies multiple aspects of the seriousness of the case at hand, and judges evaluate this score in reference to the prescribed sentencing guideline recommendations. Analyses of data on defendants sentenced under this system ( N = 690,565) reveal that, for sentences to prison, trial-plea disparities are greatest in the middle range of case seriousness. For prison sentence length, however, these differences are most amplified among the most serious cases.
Depreciation and Trade Deficits in India: Problems of Foreign Exchange and Domestic Industrialisation Base
Authors: Padhi Satya Prasad
Published: September 2020

The present article develops an argument in which depreciating Indian rupee is basically due to underdeveloped status of domestic production base that is reflected in continuing trade deficits. It argues that price theoretic policies not only manage trade imbalances but also completely neglect the revival of domestic production base that can induce a tendency towards exports-led correction of the trade imbalances, that is, it neglects the importance of exports to make a transition towards strong production base, manageable trade balances and strong foreign exchange status; if so, the continuing Indian deprecation negates international financial stability status. The present article provides an alternative policy focus that is on finance-led initiations of broader Youngian–Kaldorian division of labour that favourably shapes demand-based market mechanism (and growth of aggregate demand) and results in sophistication in industrial differentiation, that is, increased specialisations in intermediate goods production. It is argued that such transition confers a developed status with respect to the (BBoP basic Balance of Payments i.e., trade and foreign direct investment [FDI] inflow prospects), which in turn is crucial to achieve financial balance of payments (BoP) stability. All in all, the price theory is inapplicable when trade is based on absolute cost disadvantages and Keynesian policies provide the solutions.
What Do Workers and the Public Want? Unions’ Social Value
Authors: Fiorito Jack , Padavic Irene
Published: September 2020

Using data from a national sample of American workers, the authors develop measures for “prosocial unionism”—the belief that unions contribute to the common good—and use regression analysis to determine its impact on public support for unions and on workers’ likelihood of supporting a union in a representation election in their workplace. Results show that the public’s support for unions is stronger when the public believes that unions act in the interests of all working people instead of just their members. The analyses also show that workers who believe unions have social benefits are significantly more likely to say they would vote “yes” in a union election than those who do not hold this belief. These findings imply that if unions address political and social justice goals that transcend the workplace, their legitimacy and their success in attracting public support and members may be enhanced and help stem the tide of shrinking union density.
Mental health of frontline healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 in Egypt: A call for action
Authors: Elkholy Hussien , Tawfik Fairouz , Ibrahim Islam , Salah El-din Waleed , Sabry Mohamed , Mohammed Suzan , Hamza Mohamed , Alaa Mohamed , Fawzy Al Zahraa , Ashmawy Rasha , Sayed Maha , Omar Abdel Nasser
Published: September 2020

Background:

World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic in March 2020. Such widespread outbreaks are associated with adverse mental health consequences.

Aims:

To evaluate mental health outcomes among Egyptian healthcare workers (HCW) treating patients with confirmed or suspected Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to direct the promotion of mental wellbeing, by screening for symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, depression and stress, and analyzing potential risk factors.

Methods:

This cross-sectional, hospital-based survey study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 502 HCW dealing with COVID-19. HCW were surveyed in 20 hospitals (Fever, Chest, and Quarantine hospitals) in different parts of Egypt, in April and May 2020.

Results:

Among the 502 HCW surveyed; 60.0% were physicians, 16.1% were specialized nurses, and 23.9% were non-specialized nurses. About 35.3% worked in chest hospitals, 17.5% in fever hospitals, and 47.2% in quarantine hospitals. A considerable proportion of HCW had symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and stress. Females were at higher risk of experiencing symptoms of severe anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.12–3.05; p = .016), severe depression (OR, 2.013; 95% CI, 1.17–3.4; p = .011), and severe stress (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.5–4.6; p < .001). Fever hospital workers were at higher risk of severe depression (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11–2.09; p < .01), compared to Quarantine hospital workers.

Conclusion:

Ensuring proper mental health support for HCW is an important component of public health measures for addressing the COVID-19 epidemic and safeguarding the continuity of appropriate medical service.
Complicated grief: A systematic review of the last 20 years
Authors: De Stefano Rosa , Muscatello Maria Rosaria Anna , Bruno Antonio , Cedro Clemente , Mento Carmela , Zoccali Rocco Antonio , Pandolfo Gianluca
Published: September 2020

Background:

Grief is a common reaction to the feeling of loss and it is considered a physiological and instinctive response. The ‘normal’ grief evolves into an ‘integrated’ phase within 1 year from death, and it is a non-pathological condition, that do not require specific therapeutic interventions. When this ‘integrated phase’ does not occur, the subject could reach pathological manifestations related to the grief. The Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) is a new DSM5 clinical category characterized by symptoms related to the detachment and to the post-traumatic distress and it differs from normal and uncomplicated grief, for the disability caused by these reactions and their persistence and pervasiveness.

Aim:

The purpose of this work is the analysis of the pathways that led to this new definition, through a review of the main studies published in the last 20 years, with the aim to clarify the clinical utility of this new diagnostic category.

Method:

Relevant publications done in the last 20 years were identified via electronic searches of Pubmed, Embase, and Elsevier databases using the terms ‘complicated grief’ AND ‘persistent’, according to PRISMA guideline and PICO study design.

Results:

PCBD results a new important clinical category showing specific symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment. It presents many differences with other pathologies, that goes into differential diagnosis with PCBD, and it and can be treated with targeted therapeutic approaches. Diagnostic criteria for PCBD could allow an early diagnosis and a correct treatment avoiding underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Conclusion:

Further researches could focus on the evaluation of more neurobiological aspects, new psychometric tools, for assessing susceptibility to this pathology, and on the cultural aspects that may influence mourning reactions, in an ethno-psychiatric perspective.
Tacking Amid Tensions: Using Oscillation to Enable Creativity in Diverse Teams
Authors: Wilson Sam R. , Barley William C. , Ruge-Jones Luisa , Poole Marshall Scott
Published: September 2020

Diverse teams may potentiate greater creativity through divergent thinking. Yet research suggests these teams face a dilemma: the very features that make them promising are associated with persistent communication challenges that threaten their effectiveness. We turn to the literature on dialectical tensions to argue that a process of oscillation, consisting of repeated alternation between moments of divergence, emphasizing the differentiation of perspectives, and moments of convergence, emphasizing integrating ideas to produce coordination, may mobilize the tension between differentiation and integration effectively. We explore the utility of our framework by applying it to the experiences of a diverse cohort of researchers who engaged in a purposefully designed oscillatory process to generate research projects related to climate resilience. Our multimethod evaluation of this case indicates that oscillation was effective for creative idea generation. This work contributes to both practice and scholarship in interdisciplinary teamwork support, creativity, and organizations.
Contestation and Collaboration for Water Resources: Comparing the Emerging Regional Water Governance of the Aral Sea, Irtysh River, and Mekong River
Authors: Bourdais Park JeongWon , Adibayeva Aigul , Saari Danial
Published: September 2020

This paper enquires into how effectively “regional transboundary water governance” functions in resolving ecological problems associated with shared water resources. It compares three cases in Asia—the Irtysh River, Aral Sea, and Mekong River basin. Previous scholarly work on the hydro-politics of these three cases within social science disciplines, especially political science and international relations, focuses heavily on the dimension of “hegemonic power disparity between state actors” (from the weaker parties’ points of view) and/or the “economic or strategic benefits of development either defending or criticizing” (from the more powerful—often the polluters’—point of view). To contribute to existing research, this paper intends to enlarge the analytical scope and use the formation of regional environmental governance to grasp a broader picture of the complexity and interconnectivity of ecological issues, regional history, and politics. For analysis, we investigated the multilevel gaps in environmental communication at three different levels, exploring both the conflictual and cooperative relationships amongst all actors involved, namely (a) state-to-state relations: hydro-hegemonism due to the power disparity in historical and political contexts; (b) society level: authoritarian environmentalism between politics and citizens; and (c) global inter-connectivity or distance from (or the absence of) the application of international norms. We argue that all three cases, albeit at various degrees, equally exhibit the potential to fill the multidimensional gaps to ensure more functional, effective, and equitable regional hydro-governance.
Effect of core corrugation angle on static compression of self-reinforced PP sandwich panels and bending energy absorption of sandwich beams
Authors: Imran Ali , Qi Shijie , Shi Pengcheng , Imran Muhammad , Liu Dong , Zhu Yingdan , Yang Guilin
Published: September 2020

The structural weight of an electric vehicle and its material’s recyclability are the important parameters to optimize the overall cost as well as the mileage of a vehicle. Self-reinforced polymer composites (SRCs) can be potentially used for these applications because of their 100% recyclability as compared with multicomponent traditional epoxy matrix based fibre reinforced composites. In case of SRCs the fibres and matrix are synthesized from same family of polymers. An optimization study is required based on integration of material and structural parameters to reduced overall weight of the vehicles while keeping the strength up to the safety mark. We fabricated self-reinforced polypropylene (SrPP) sandwich structures through an ex-situ consolidation based fabrication method. An FEA based study was conducted to optimize the effect of core corrugation angle of sandwiched structures on out of plane compressive strength and flexural strength of SrPP sandwiched beams. The finite element study was preferred in order to save the experimental cost. Beams with 60° core corrugation angle have optimal flexural properties. The sandwiched panels with 45° corrugated core exhibited optimal stiffness while maximum energy absorption capacity was shown with 60° corrugated core sandwiched structures.