bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iraq Operations’ Five 5 Years Waste Management Blue Print to Manage Waste in Remote Environment of Garraf, Iraq Operations
Authors: Arshad Afzariah Binti , Yaacob M. Akmal , Badzri Shairizal B.
Published: April 2018

Managing wastes in remote oil and gas operations for PETRONAS Carigali Iraq Holding B.V. in the field of Garraf, Iraq presents a multitude of challenges including unavailability of an approved waste disposal facilities, incompetent wastes management contractor and land acquisition issues requires PETRONAS to establish a Five Years Waste Management Blue Print.

The objective of the blueprint is to provide strategic guidance for approaches in resolving the waste management issues in Garraf. Primary problem statement from the forecast of the cumulative impact of waste generation since day one of operation until the completion of Garraf Field Development Plan warrants the need of significant change in day to day waste management practices in Garraf.

The method used in establishing this blue prints includes, eliminating and/or minimization of waste generation from source, optimizing each waste stream including reuse & recycle towards zero discharge and disposal through deployment of fit for purpose and green technologies which are environmental friendly. Additionally, PCIHBV also takes into consideration challenges of medium-skilled operator, support by stakeholder and authorities and environmental health impact.

Since it has been launched in 2016, significant value creation identified as follows: Support from host authority to invest on technology deployment.Host authority accepted and acknowledge the blue print and support by approving significant environment budget despite low oil price based on long term value gain.Hazardous Waste Treatment and DisposalPrior to establishment of this blue print, all hazardous waste are stored in our HWS which will poses us to long-term liability due to mismanagement and integrity of the HW container. Various engagement and discussion were conducted between PCIHBV and host government to resolve this issue since 2016. PCIHBV established the contract with Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) on hazardous waste treatment and disposal and being the first International Oil Company (IOC) in Iraq to establish as such contract.Cost Saving/OptimizationThe implementation of the blue print produced some significant value creation which includes cost saving by reusing some of the waste and optimization of the raw material and resources e.g. Land acquisition for landfill area, disposal cost etc.Capability developmentDevelopment of local nationality on environmental technology and inculcate mindset change on the environmental awareness
Innovative Drilling Platform Preserves Sensitive Habitat
Authors: Thomas Christopher , Lopez Ballen Juan Carlos
Published: April 2018

This paper describes the unique engineering design, construction and environmental and social aspects implemented to develop the Chipirón T-B oil field in Arauca, Colombia. This paper builds upon the design and construction aspects shared previously with the SPE to include the critical environmental and social factors integrated into the Occidental Colombia ("OxyCol" or "Occidental") risk management approach that have enabled learning and new innovative techniques from Chipirón to other projects.

Using Occidental's Health, Environmental and Safety Management System (HESMS) to identify the project and surrounding socio-environmental risks is important so that a robust analysis of project risks leads to the development of mitigation approaches. The innovative capacity of OxyCol's engineers and the Company's respect for the environment and local communities led to a collaborative effort by multiple stakeholders achieving a successful project outcome. The knowledge and the experience gained through this project are transferable to other Occidental operations and assets.
The Long and Winding Road to a Just Culture
Authors: Groeneweg J. , Ter Mors E. , van Leeuwen E. , Komen S.
Published: April 2018

Organizational learning is a key success factor for management to improve safety and prevent recurrent incidents. It starts with having insight into the quantity and nature of incidents and deficiencies in general. For employees to report on such occurrences there must be a so-called ‘just culture’ (also considered in terms of its opposite: ‘blame culture’), where issues can be discussed freely and underlying causes investigated and corrected without fear of punitive actions. Although much has been written about just culture in a qualitative manner, there is limited research into the quantification and modeling of its components. Whereas many petrochemical companies have a just culture as a goal on the horizon, many struggle to find the right path to this objective. A literature review of more than 110 scientific papers revealed that just culture is a complex construct with many interrelated components. In this paper, we discuss a survey issued in the Dutch section of a globally operating construction company. The survey contained questionnaires for nine components and the first two steps in the ‘Learning from Incidents’ (LFI) process. The main aim was to model and quantify their relation with just culture and organizational learning capabilities. The questionnaires were checked for construct validity, and correlations with just culture and other components were calculated. The findings can help petrochemical companies find the most effective and efficient route on their journey towards a just culture. The results showed that there is no single ‘silver bullet’ to fix the blame culture in an organization. The long and winding road to just culture involves making changes on a range of organizational characteristics. The most promising aspects are ‘Psychological safety’, ‘Trust’ and ‘Openness’. These three components are the closest related to just culture and have the strongest connections with the other components. They comprise the first two steps in the LFI process. Obviously, by itself the change in culture will not improve safety but a just culture will improve organizational learning capabilities—and that van lead to implementing more effective actions. As such it can provide a sound basis for a further reduction of the number of incidents in the petrochemical industry to the ultimate goal: zero. 
Evaluating Behaviour, Fatigue and Depression and Their Relation to Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Halyan Dr Amal
Published: April 2018

The aim of this survey is to understand the causes of workplace road accidents among professional drivers in ADNOC Onshore. This survey is a cross-sectional survey that covered a sample (n=271) of professional drivers working in different locations for ADNOC Onshore. Drivers were interviewed individually faceface. Data collection lasted for 22 weeks. The questionnaire is based on a number of validated psychometric instruments such as: the Driver Stress Inventory (DSI), Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS). Findings suggested that having symptoms of fatigue is a related to being involved in road traffic accidents. Also, drivers with fatigue had symptoms of depression, and few drivers with symptoms of depression were prone to have symptoms of fatigue. This study recommends inclusion of periodic psychometric screening tools of fatigue and depression for professional and fleet drivers as part of the fatigue risk management in workplaces.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Social Investment
Authors: Valiyev Tural , Abdullah Azrina , Murphy Helen , Edwards Elizabeth
Published: April 2018

This paper will present the findings of a research project, and content of IPIECA's Practitioner Note on Monitoring and Evaluation of Social Investment (SI); which focus on the challenges faced by companies, considering increasing stakeholder demand for evidence-based reporting of social investment. The Note builds on the evolving experiences of practitioners in the oil and gas industry and the emerging and ever-evolving field of monitoring and evaluation (M&E).

From 2015 – 2016 IPIECA undertook a research project to assess the content of its 2008 SI Guidance. While the research concluded that the principles of the Guidance remain valid and useful, it was also acknowledged that the document did not reflect the latest thinking on key SI issues and approaches. As a result, a series of Practitioner Notes were produced to present practical information on current industry practices on issues related to SI. The Notes were produced by collecting information through more than 50 telephone interviews with practitioners from IPIECA member companies and external stakeholders, as well as a literature review.

IPIECA's research found that companies in the oil and gas sector were facing challenges related to the monitoring and evaluation of SI in three areas: (1) how to accurately measure the socio-economic or developmental impacts of their SI efforts at the asset level, (2) how to better demonstrate the added value of SI to the business at the asset level, (3) how to better demonstrate the collective results of SI efforts across a company's global activities at the corporate level. It was found that companies in the oil and gas sector have reviewed their SI approach in recent years; with increased focus on being able to demonstrate results, there is now a renewed emphasis and increased rigor on M&E, and in some cases, a need to redesign a company's entire SI approach (e.g. how SI is shaped, tracked and communicated).

IPIECA's Practitioner Note helps to address the challenges faced by oil and gas companies by (1) describing the need for better M&E of SI, (2) demonstrating how to design an M&E framework for SI, (3) highlighting the need to strengthen reporting procedures to better communicate the company's SI performance both internally and to external stakeholders, and (4) highlighting approaches to quantify the added value of social investment in monetary terms.
Minimizing Acoustic Environmental Impact of Marine Seismic Exploration
Authors: Tulett John R. , Laws Robert M. , Supawala Mehul , Hopperstad Jon-Fredrik , Gerez David
Published: April 2018

Marine seismic exploration involves the use of airgun source arrays for emitting sound energy into the earth.

In this paper, we discuss the benefits of using a new airgun design in marine seismic exploration, by way of the reduction in risk of potential injury to marine mammals. This minimizes the potential impact of marine seismic exploration to sea life without affecting the quality of the final seismic image produced.
An Applied Behavior Science Project; Rig Floor Safety
Authors: Capote Wilmer , Boz A.. , Lopez J. C. , Noya V.. , Bordage P.. , Febles N.. , Hebein C.. , Houmanfar R.. , Alavosius M..
Published: April 2018

Research shows that human factors have contributed to several industrial incidents, from high frequency to low severity injuries to catastrophic events involving multiple fatalities. The oil and gas industry has recognized that reducing the impact of human error in the reliability of upstream operations is imperative.

This paper explores the application of the behavior science on land rigs at an oilfield services company and includes examples from operations in four countries in the Middle East and Latin America.

The first phase of the initiative identified critical workflows, tasks and critical behaviors. These were measured for potential variances. A critical workflow, in respect to personal safety, was tubular and tool handling on the rig floor. To establish a baseline performance, the variability from expected safe behaviors of rig crew members was measured. By applying the principles of behavior science an intervention was conducted including feedback and reinforcement of desired behaviors. Direct and indirect observations by HSE supervisors were used to study behaviors and prepare structured feedback reports.

Initial baseline measurements of behavior demonstrated significant levels of variance. Increased adherence to expected and desired behaviors was observed with changes to the work environment. Providing soon and certain feedback to the crews to reinforce desired behaviors led to significant and sustainable improvements in performance. Enhanced procedural adherence resulted in zero rig floor safety incidents while handling tubulars and tools for the operations involved in the initiative, some of them since 2014.

The results of this initiative demonstrate the success of behavior science application to safety critical work tasks on a rig floor.
Safety Design Integrity Review for Aged Oil and Gas Facilities
Authors: Nitta Kotaro , Tanigawa Keiji
Published: April 2018

This paper proposes new methodology for the safety design integrity review on aged oil and gas facilities, in order to overcome the difficulties and limitations when the conventional safety design review methods are used for the aged facilities. The new method and the outcomes applied to an existing aged facility are introduced in this paper.
Behavioral Safety: Setting Strategic Objective to Reduce Workplace Accidents
Authors: Halyan Amal Al
Published: April 2018

Two surveys were conducted simultaneously to determine the perception of safety, leadership and the risk among drilling employees working at rig sites and those office-based. The surveys were one of the tools used to assess the readiness of drilling employees to apply Behavioral-Based Safety Process (BBS). The office-based survey was accessible online and (n=188) employees responded. The survey is based on the Management Practice Survey that explores that perception of employees on rewards, training, management commitment, communication and feedback, selection and participation. The rig site survey included face to face interviews covering (n=253) workers at (n=17) rigs. This survey is based on the Work Safety Scale (WSS) that examines rig crew perception on the nature of their job, the behavior of colleagues and supervisors regarding safety, management safety practice and safety policies and procedures. Findings suggested that majority of drilling employees agree on the importance of reward and recognition in promoting safety culture and maintaining long-term safety behavior.
The Legacy of Piper Alpha 30 Years on: Is the Oil Industry Doing Enough about Process Safety?
Authors: Saadawi Hisham
Published: April 2018

This year (2018) marks the 30th anniversary of Alpha Piper disaster in the North Sea, which is in terms of loss of life, the worst disaster in the history of the offshore oil industry. On the 6th of July 1988, a natural gas condensate leak resulted in explosions and fires that engulfed the Alpha Piper platform and claimed the lives of 167 people. The Alpha Piper tragedy and the subsequent investigations led by Lord Cullen practically reshaped the offshore oil industry.

How did the upstream oil industry change since? How did process safety legislation evolve across the world over these years? Is the upstream oil industry doing enough about process safety? If so, why are there still major accidents happening? Is there enough being done to address "Human Factors"? Is process safety legislation adequate in the various major oil producing regions around the world? Or does the development of process safety legislation remain largely in response to major accidents.

After a brief review of the Alpha Piper disaster and its impact on the development of process safety legislations around the world, this paper attempts to answer the above questions.
The Psychological Safety of Oil and Gas Workers in the Arctic
Authors: Korneeva Yana , Simonova Natalia , Tyulubaeva Tamara , Degteva Galina
Published: April 2018

The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-013-00623. The article is devoted to the study of regulatory processes as a personal marker of the psychological safety of oil and gas employees in the Arctic. The study of personal markers of psychological safety in workers of oil and gas producing companies under the shift work organization in the Arctic will create optimal recommendations for the psychological support of professionals. By psychological safety we mean the mental state of subject control of a complex of external and internal factors of the ergatic system that ensures the actualization of the internal means of the individual for the effectiveness of professional activity at the psychophysiological and psychological level. We have developed a theoretical model of psychological safety, which includes five main components: functional states at the psychophysiological and psychological level; "The image of the object", "the image of the subject" and "the image of subject- subject and subject-object" relations, viewed through the mental structure of regulation. The survey involved 70 specialists from oil and gas producing companies working on a shift basis in the Nenets Autonomous District. Methods of research: studying documentation, monitoring the work process, questioning, psycho-physiological and psychological testing, statistical methods of data analysis. To diagnose regulatory processes, the questionnaire "Style of self-regulation of behavior" (SSPM) was used. Morosanova. It was revealed that in order to ensure the psychological safety of workers in oil and gas producing companies in the Arctic in the field of failures, it is necessary to have a moderately high level of planning and modeling intensity, as well as a lower level of independence as regulatory processes.
Implementation of Industry Best Practice Using a Risk-Based Approach: DROPS - A Case Study
Authors: Walker K. , McBeath B.
Published: April 2018

Global oil and gas upstream safety data shows that over a 20-year period 18% of fatalities have been associated with dropped objects or falls from height. Industry associations have also reported 60 to 70% of high potential events were related to dropped objects. In response, an oilfield services company developed a risk-based DROPS standard based on industry best practice with deployment tools to ensure consistent global implementation.

Using the comprehensive DROPS industry best practice available, the company focused on implementation, using a risk-based approach applied across a diverse range of operational exposures. A risk-based DROPS standard was developed with a set of mandatory fundamental controls and a DROPS risk matrix used in a range of implementation tools to assess risk for operational activities and work sites. Site assessments were used to identify the additional risk-based controls required for each specific work environment.

This paper describes how the company has utilized available industry best practice, with a risk-based approach to focus on achieving consistency in implementation, and ultimately realize HSE performance improvements across o global organization.

A network of assigned personnel in field operational locations were trained to lead the DROPS Standard implementation. To date, over 1000 operational locations worldwide have assessed their operational DROPS risk, assigned DROPS Zones, developed site specific DROPS registers and documented their applicable controls in site specific procedures.

Key implementation performance objectives were developed and monitored to track implementation status, including completion of assigned training, utilization of the risk-based deployment tools provided and phased internal compliance auditing.

The implementation of the DROPS Standard and the associated training, communication and awareness campaigns have led to an increase in proactive DROPS reporting and an overall reduction in DROPS incidents.

The risk-based methodology and associated deployment tools have enabled globally consistent implementation of industry best practice.
New Offshore Medical Evacuation Strategy Using Intervention Vessels
Authors: Steenman G. , Castello J. , Racine S. X. , Farge F. , Ecoffet M. , Brisquet C. , Degraeve S. , Courandier J. M.
Published: April 2018

Mid 2016, the local Angolan aerial transportation company, faced difficulties in order to assume offshore transportation services by helicopters from Luanda (Angola). The main cause was the grounding of their Airbus EC 225 Super Puma helicopters which constituted the most important part of their air fleet (due to an accident in Norway the 29th April 2016 leading to 13 fatalities). One of the consequences was the uncertainty for the local aerial transportation company to provide emergency flights in case of medical evacuation.

In 2015 and 2016, the operator carried out respectively 11 and 9 medical evacuations (MEDEVAC) and 159 and 164 sanitary evacuations (SANEVAC). To maintain an efficient and safe medical evacuation service to offshore workers, TOTAL E&P Angola hereinafter referred as TEPA (which operates the block 17 and the block 32) decided to implement a new MEDEVAC strategy based on Fast Supply Intervention Vessels (FSIVs).

The block 17 comprises 4 FPSOs with one Medic on board of each and one medical specialized doctor for the whole block. The block 32 is under installation project and one medical doctor was deployed in January 2017 for this block. The whole offshore population is around 2500 persons.

For medical evacuations, a new strategy was put in place addressing the following points and to define:

The medical equipments and workforce with a capacity to treat two patients including if they must be resuscitated, The technical specificities of the FSIVs and in particular to take into account the speed, the number of beds, the spaciousness and the comfort for the patient, A specific organization.

Using a prepositioned offshore comprehensive medical team and dedicated medicalized FSIVs, TEPA put in place a MEDEVAC strategy which can replace the transfers previously based on helicopter flights. If the overall transportation time is slightly increased comparing with helicopter, the implementation of relevant compensatory measures provides an acceptable and similar level of quality and efficiency. In addition, medical acts are easier onboard a vessel comparing with a helicopter. This organization was started mid 2016 for the block 17 and duplicated in January 2017 for the block 32.
Development of a Set of Sustainability Instructions for the Upstream Business - A Case Study
Authors: Sacco Chiara , Gallego Marcos
Published: April 2018

The objective of this paper is to analyse and present the key benefits and challenges related to the process of design, development and implementation of a set of sustainability management instructionscovering the full lifecycle upstream business through the presentation of an Eni case study. This paper will analyse the interaction of the emerging sustainability topics with the existing management systems already in place. The paper will also focus on the approach O&G Companies from their Headquarter (HQ) can provide at operational levels.

The case study key steps are: a) a gap analysis against the ISO 26000 standard (used as a reference standard) of the existing documents, b) the design of the overall set of documentation structure, c) the development of the documentation at HQ level, d) the pilot tests of implementation at branch level, e) the revision of the approach and definition of a program for deployment across the business and f) a program to support the definition of action plans for implementation of the system. Each project step included interviews with key functions, co-design workshops with stakeholders and engagement sessions with the business. The paper will also analyse and highlight the potential synergies with the new requirements included in the recently revised ISO 14001:2015 standard.

The main benefits achieved are consistency and management integrity across business units, raised awareness raising and structured changes adopted in the existing organisations. Key identified operative issues arising from the project were identified as training needs integrated with the existing systems such as management reviews and auditing programs.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea OSA as a Cause Of Resistant Fatigue in the Safety Sensitive Workforce
Authors: Levy Scott , Sanderson Neelum , Emma Leslie
Published: April 2018

Objectives/Scope

Fatigue is a known contributor to accidents. The potential for fatigue-related accidents also exists in the oil and energy industry.

Fatigue risk management systems commonly involve review and adjustment of employee rosters and job functions to assist employees with getting rest based on their work demands. Although this approach is reasonable, it assumes that by giving the employee the ability to rest, that he/she will return refreshed. Certain medical conditions may inhibit an employee's ability to rest.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a medical condition where the patient has an airway obstruction which occurs when muscles in the upper airway relax while sleeping. This obstruction forces them to awaken, and if untreated, may lead to adverse medical conditions. For these patients, hours of work may not correlate as well with level of fatigue. Although there are many factors for OSA, the one most relevant for this abstract is Body Mass Index (BMI). In the adult population, OSA is estimated to be approximately 25% to 45% higher in obese subjects. The odds of having OSA increases as BMI rises and for individuals with a BMI of >35.

Method, Procedures, Process

We will describe risk factors for OSA, treatment of the condition, as well as methods to reduce fatigue related risk. The discussion will include key components of a medical screening program as well as health and wellness programming that can be considered in parallel with any Fatigue Risk Management System.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

Biometric data can be utilized to help predict the risk of fatigue related accidents in the workplace. By addressing the risks and providing solutions these incidents may decrease.

Novel/Additive Information

We will explore current OSA screening criteria, work hours limitations, and health and wellness programs as they relate to reducing risk. Most importantly, we will discuss a significant shortcoming with the identification of high risk individuals and an easy approach to help mitigate this risk.
Famous Barriers, A Novel Approach to Improving Management Understanding of Critical Functions.
Authors: Hudson T. G.
Published: April 2018

This paper further develops Bow-Tie methodological concepts such as the Levels analysis (SPE 127180), Sparseness, Completeness and Complexity (Hudson & Hudson, 2015). These concepts, taken together, are developed here to provide simple ways of providing managers with both strategic and tactical information about how well their risks are being controlled. The introduction of frequency and effectiveness measures combined with greater understanding of the management functions as described allows improved control.

The disconnect between the knowledge and understanding residing within the risk management function of an organisation and its senior management has been the cause of numerous incidents within the Oil and Gas industry. The immediacy of personal safety incidents, together with the personal history of senior managers, can create situations where the actual organisational needs are deprioritised in favour of immediate, hands-on actions.

The FAME method, by looking at all the management functions controlling barriers, allows risk managers to communicate the highest priority safety critical management functions to the senior managers in a clear and concise manner.

The emphasis is moved from immediate causes to factors that are within the span of control of managers. This allows the conversation to change from "why wasn't he wearing his gloves?," a purely reactive question about events that the manager has very little control over; to "how did we not have a start-up audit on this contract?," a subject that is closely related to the actual activities of the manager concerned.

This paper introduces a method for clearly communicating to senior management what their own critical management functions are and what they can be held accountable for.
Road Risk Analysis and VTS Geo-Fencing: A New Concept Implemented During the Urban Seismic Acquisition Operations to Eliminate/Minimize the Motor Vehicle Accidents
Authors: Minhaj Rifad Ali , Al-Awadi Mashari , Al-Ajmi Bader , Al-Enezi Mohammad
Published: April 2018

Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) recently completed, one of the most challenging seismic acquisition survey covering three different terrain conditions (Land, Transition Zone and Marine), where the survey crew has to encounter lots of obstacles during the project execution phase. During the land acquisition activities, the survey covered most of the State of Kuwait urban areas including Kuwait city and the adjoining highly crowded/traffic congested areas. Fleets of more than 100 vehicles including heavy vehicles such as vibrator trucks were operating 24/7 in the State of Kuwait urban areas as part of survey programs. The project faced many challenges and one of the major challenge was to drive through the highly crowded/traffic congested areas and to cross all the major express highways & ring roads as part of project objective. By considering the State of Kuwait Road Accident frequency rate, it was evident that, a robust control measures is required in order to mitigate this high risk and to eliminate any motor vehicle accidents during the survey acquisition phase. Hence, Land Transportation had been ranked as no.1 Hazard during the initial planning stage of the seismic acquisition project. In order to mitigate the driving risk and to manage a fleet of more than 100 vehicles, a new initiative has been introduced.

This Abstract outlines one of the industry best HSE tool used to control and monitor a fleet of more than 100 vehicles through the Road Risk Analysis and GEO-Fencing on the vehicle VTS System.

The project was well planned & properly executed. The crew has successfully completed the urban operations (all the highly congested urban areas including the Kuwait city). The overall project performance in terms of motor vehicle accidents after its implementation remains @ Zero recordable Motor Vehicle Accidents after driving more than Four Million KMs inside urban areas. In addition, the project had been successfully completed with more than Six Million Man-hours of Operations without any Lost Time Injury (LTI).
Journey Towards Energy Excellence
Authors: Pradhan Debashis , Chanda Sobhakar C. , Al-Amoudi Ahmed
Published: April 2018

Almost all industries consume energy for their operations, with the current climate change scenario companies need to achieve excellence in terms of energy efficiency through a proper Energy Management. The core business of the company is to produce Crude Oil &Associated Gas assisted by injecting gas and water to sustain reservoir health. Based on business demand the company added several equipment over a large period of time, hence equipments are smaller in capacity and scattered location. The company has improved its energy performance in a sustainable manner by implementing energy efficiency measures, changing people attitude and developing an energy management culture. This submission will talk about "Energy reduction and impact of oil & Gas operations on environment, conservation of natural resources & energy use, as well on minimizing carbon foot print" Energy performance data has been analyzed and following results were observed Energy consumed as primary sources (fuel gas) & Energy consumed as secondary (electricity). –52% of fuel gas is consumed for power generation–46 % of fuel gas is consumed for gas processing and compression–72 % of electrical power produced is being used for water injection plants

By adopting 3 out of the 4 pillars tools (Engineering Improvements, Operational improvements, Effective Maintenance) the company has managed to reduce by 8.6% specific energy consumption per barrel of oil equivalent produced.
Community Engagement, Commitments, and Partnership for Successful E&P Operations in Bolivia
Authors: Calvimontes Eva , Sánchez Sergio Eduardo , Ravishankar Krish Ravi
Published: April 2018

For successful Exploration and Production (E&P) Operations, relationship and engagement with the communities in the direct areas of influence is of paramount importance for Vintage Petroleum Boliviana (VPB), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum Corporation (OPC). Since the beginning of the operations in three major areas—Naranjillos, Porvenir, and Ñupuco fields, the company at all stages or phases of design, planning, and implementation of projects and programs worked very closely with the neighboring communities in the areas of influence. The objective has always been the same: to improve the life quality of the society as a whole and be a partner with the communities.

This paper and presentation explains the approach, systems, and processes that VPB has successfully applied in: a) communicating with the communities; b) actively engaging the communities to avoid conflicts of competing interests; c) the processes employed in seeking prior consensus, approval, and engagement of the communities in the social responsibility programs launched by the Company. The multidisciplinary internal functions or groups involved (e.g., Supply Chain, Health, Safety, and Environment, Operations, Finance/Accounting, and the employees) makes the program successful. This paper also discusses some of the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) established for monitoring and evaluating the success of the programs. Additionally, the paper presents both tangible and intangible benefits the communities receive and the quality of life enhancement of the communities.
Setting Up an Operational Global Risk Dashboard for Upstream Operating Entities?
Authors: Cassassoles O. , Dembele M. , Glowacz A. , Supiot J. , Courandier J. M.
Published: April 2018

To better control HSE risks of its complex operations, TOTAL E&P Angola hereinafter referred as TEPA (4 FPSOs, 630 kbopd in 2017) developed an Operational Global Risk Dashboard to provide a summary HSE view of operating sites. The tool was set to assist Top Management's decision making from risk trends and to identify situations displaying areas of concern.

While the first dashboard was composed of an exhaustive set of measurable data, its benefits were balanced by the delay and efforts spent to update it. The tool was rationalized by focusing only on two key components: the reliable data available in the Company HSE web database and the risk perception of the HSE Site Managers, responsible of HSE on site.

The dashboard consists of a global risk view which summarizes the operational risk indicators and a detailed risk view per asset. A qualitative risk evaluation of numerical data was considered, capturing the cumulative effects as a combination of three simple dimensions: quantity, criticality and trend. Four operational risk indicators cover the incidents recorded, with 3 different viewpoints (human consequences, high potential incidents and loss of primary containment) and the downgraded situations.

The risk perception of the HSE Site Manager is built through three major drivers of asset integrity: people, plant and processes. It is a valuable soft indicator, often complementary from the data analysis. It captures all the weak signals from the sites which might not be reflected within all the trends of available data.

The display with colored icons (green, orange and red) gives an immediate perception of the risk. It supports the Top Management to check if the appropriate corrective actions are undertaken by the operational entities or at least requesting additional risk mitigations on the identified red warnings. It also provides a qualitative means to analyze which parameter of ‘People, Plant & Processes’ needs to be reinforced.
Biodiversity Management in an Oil and Gas Company: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Fernández-Casatejada Raquel , Santamaría Carmen
Published: April 2018

Exploration and Production (E&P) activities take place across the globe. Environmental management is governed by national and regional laws and international standards, which draw red lines and establish management rules for emissions, wastewater and waste. Although international biodiversity management guidelines are in place, adherence in areas with high biodiversity value, either in terms of habitats or species, is complex and ALARP (As Low As Reasonable Practicable) impact targets are not easily established.

A simple but effective approach, the Repsol Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Tool (BEST-R), has been developed to meet this challenge for all Repsol E&P activities and has been evaluated by applying this tool to 15 projects at 7 operating assets. The BEST-R is designed to evaluate 30 parameters (6 recommended practices, each of which impact on 5 key environmental aspects), describe these parameters in detail; set homogeneous mid-term goals, enable benchmarking between sites; and test the effectiveness of impact mitigation measures. In addition, the BEST-R adheres to the IPIECA Guidance document, "Biodiversity and ecosystem services fundamentals" good practices in the current environment for Oil and Gas companies.

This approach for building a Corporate Biodiversity Strategy that integrates biodiversity into business management to turn challenges into successes could inspire other companies that operate in various countries and environments.
Developing a Carbon Management Strategy for Kuwait Oil Company
Authors: Osund-Ireland M , Richer J , Stenhouse T
Published: April 2018

This paper describes how a carbon management strategy for Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) was developed, building on the GCC award winning Air Compliance Management Program. A range of measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions were assessed technically and economically, including measures that could be implemented by KOC or more widely across other sectors in Kuwait. The potential contribution that carbon capture and storage could make, including with enhanced oil recovery, was also assessed.

The results are presented in terms of an abatement cost curve for reducing GHG emissions in Kuwait which is comparable to abatement cost curves collated for other countries. Kuwait has the potential to reduce GHG emissions to 29% below 2030 levels at zero net cost, i.e. the cost of investment to deploy emission reduction measures would be offset by direct cost savings in energy and water. Applying the same ‘zero net cost’ to KOC suggests its own GHG emissions could be reduced to 15 – 20% below 2015 levels by 2030. This could include implementing measures within the local community; initiating actions that could be adopted more widely across Kuwait.

The ‘zero net cost’ proposition strongly supports implementation of measure to reduce GHG emissions in the short term and would provide a strong basis for investment in other measures, such as carbon capture and storage, in the longer term.
Building Better Performance Measures for Better Conversations to Provoke Change
Authors: Gower-Jones A. D. , Peuscher W. T. , Groeneweg J , King S. , Taylor M
Published: April 2018

Injury rates are a thing of the past: building better performance measures for better conversations to provoke change.

The Oil & Gas industry has measured safety performance using Injury frequency rates for the last 40 years. Industry thinking is based on the premise that: if we do not have injuries then we are safe, andif we have injuries we are not safe.

This paper examines the fallacy of that premise, and the use of injury rates, as a key performance indicator. It argues that, as a key performance indicator, injury frequency rate is no longer a valid measure. Indeed, in many cases its use creates unhelpful discussions in leadership teams and therefore prevents the culture of many organisations from changing.

The paper reviews the current state of knowledge in accident causation, in part based on the ground-breaking research from the 1980s through to the early 2010s. It demonstrates how, through the use of Jim Reason's Swiss Cheese Model, Reason and Rasmussen's Generic Error Model (GEMS) and Willem Albert Wagenaar's Tripod model of accident causation, key performance indicators can be developed that will enable leadership teams to transform the culture of the organisation by changing what they believe to be important.

Cultures change through the behaviours of both formal and informal leaders. Those leaders create and react to the environment they are placed in. By maintaining injury rates as the industry's key performance indicator we are inhibiting that change and disfranchising our workforce.

The paper gives examples of how different indicators both in terms occupational and process safety created different conversations and behaviours in both leaders and the workforce - some appeared extremely positive and others extremely negative. It will then provide examples of how to create better indicators more suitable for your organisation.
Coping with the Extremes of the Sahara Desert
Authors: Todd Steven Daniel
Published: April 2018

Topic Category: Health in the Working Environment: Extreme Environment Title: "Coping with the extremes of the Sahara" Objectives & Scope of Study:- To identify and implement suitable and sufficient health and safety measures to cope with demands of working and traveling within the Hassi Messaoud South Satellite Revamping Project which covers an area of approximately 1500Km2 and is located in the one of the harshest and most extreme environments on earth. This being the Sahara Desert which has long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters with little rainfall and intense sand storms. Methods, Procedures, Process: Interaction and discussion with personnel from the region and where possible, talks with the Tuareg nomads. To help gain a better understanding of how to possibly improve working conditions in such a hostile environment, especially during Ramadan when workers are fasting in some of the highest yearly temperatures but manage to work 8 hours continually. Set up of a detailed journey management programme using plot maps and journey timings to assist in locating personnel who are commuting between satellites, should they not arrive at planned destination and cannot be contacted due to loss of signal coverage etc. Results & Observations:- This summer, temperatures have been in the 50- 53°C range continually, and there have been many sand storms with winds gusting up to 50Km/h. However despite such harsh conditions there has been surprising results in that only one notable incident of heat stress was reported with the IP receiving first aid at site before being evacuated to the local hospital / clinic for further treatment and examination. It was expected that incident numbers would be higher with regards to the harsh weather conditions and poor road conditions that cover the 1500Km2. However, the methods procedures and processes implemented have proved a surprising success so far in the 300 plus days the project has been in progress in that no one has been seriously injured, went missing, suffered any lasting effects from heat stress or suffered heat stroke. Novel/Additive Information:- This author has tried to interact with the some of Tuareg Nomads encountered, to try and gain some insight into how they survive in such extreme conditions, with other projects facing such conditions may be able to implement. There is also a need to further research the sustainability of the region in that oil and gas will eventually run out and solar power should be considered as a viable power alternative.
Refining Heinrich: Power Laws in Incident Severity Distributions
Authors: Hudson T. G.
Published: April 2018

The paper discusses the use of injury severity distribution statistics as a proxy for the severity distribution of injury and non-injury incident statistics as described by Heinrich's iceberg. It examines those distributions that allow the estimation of the probability of more serious incidents than have already occurred. The organization involved has been anonymized.

A total of ±24,000 incident reports, over eight years in a high-hazard resource industry, were analyzed, of which ±12,000 had more than trivial incident severity. Of the selected reports the severities were assessed using expert knowledge, in combination with interviews with involved parties where possible to ensure assignment accuracy. The distributions over severities were compared both across the whole organization and for individual sites. After collation the distribution was applied to the current year's results, which had not been used to construct the distributions, to test the predictive efficacy of the model.

The incident distributions studied follow a power law, which can be described by a Pareto distribution, where the tail function describes the higher consequence levels. In this case study the general function followed the famous 80-20 rule. The distributions found, both within the sites and in the operation as a whole, were stable over the first seven years and predicted the eighth year. The stability of the distributions strongly suggests that these can be used to project into the future, thus allowing them to be used together with average cost profiles to project incident costs into the future for safety investment purposes.

The Power law distribution points to two factors: The reduced probability of failure of consecutive barriers, with recovery controls having increasing weightIncreased management commitment and increased statutory requirements as incident potential increases

In addition the stability of the incident distribution across the years suggests that the distribution is a function of the safety culture.

This paper addresses and refines Heinrich's assertions about incident distribution, demonstrating with a large N size analysis that actual incident distribution is a power law function. In addition, it shows that this allows projection into the future.
A Method for Assessing the Quality of Proactive Operator Monitoring POM as a Safety Barrier in Service Company Operations
Authors: McLeod Ronald W. , Novia Mathew , Nonno Lamberto , Acton Sarah , Easton Neil
Published: April 2018

In common with every company involved in the global upstream oil and gas industry, oilfield service companies rely to a large extent on front-line operators monitoring key operational parameters in real time, and being willing and able to intervene in the event where signs of potential trouble are detected. Many factors—personal, inter-personal, organizational, and technological—have the potential to interfere with the ability of individuals to perform monitoring tasks to the required standard. This paper presents the results of a study carried out to evaluate the quality of implementation of arrangements supporting proactive operator monitoring.

The study comprised two components elements: i) a review of incidents where operator monitoring played some role, and ii) semi-structured interviews of operator representatives including subjective ratings of monitoring quality. The situating questions allowed operator representatives a chance to reflect on the nature of the monitoring tasks, and their experience of potential disrupting factors, before attending the workshop. A bespoke tool—the Proactive Operator Monitoring Assessment Tool (POMAT)—was developed, enabling assessors to rate the quality of implementation of operator monitoring tasks. The tool is based on ratings on four dimensions (ownership, signals, context, and resilience) comprising a total of eight criteria. Based on the subjective ratings, a Proactive Monitoring Quality (PMQ) score was calculated that indicates how robust the implementation of each operator monitoring task that is relied on as a barrier is thought to be.

This paper describes the method used in the study, and explains the use of the POMAT tool and how PMQ scores are calculated. The application of the method to assess operator monitoring during coiled tubing and tubular cutting and milling operations are used as examples.

The POMAT tool and PMQ score represent novel approaches for evaluating the likely strength of proactive operator monitoring barriers where they exist in corporate bowties to determine if they can in fact be relied upon as an effective, independent, auditable barrier.