bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology position paper on the management of left ventricular assist device‐supported patients for the non‐left ventricular assist device specialist healthcare provider: Part 2: at the emergency department
Authors: Milicic Davor , Ben Avraham Binyamin , Chioncel Ovidiu , Barac Yaron D. , Goncalvesova Eva , Grupper Avishai , Altenberger Johann , Frigeiro Maria , Ristic Arsen , De Jonge Nicolaas , Tsui Steven , Lavee Jacob , Rosano Giuseppe , Crespo‐Leiro Marisa Generosa , Coats Andrew J.S. , Seferovic Petar , Ruschitzka Frank , Metra Marco , Anker Stefan , Filippatos Gerasimos , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Abuhazira Miriam , Elliston Jeremy , Gotsman Israel , Hamdan Righab , Hammer Yoav , Hasin Tal , Hill Lorrena , Itzhaki Ben Zadok Osnat , Mullens Wilfried , Nalbantgil Sanemn , Piepoli Massimo Francesco , Ponikowski Piotr , Potena Luciano , Ruhparwar Arjang , Shaul Aviv , Tops Laurens F. , Winnik Stephan , Jaarsma Tiny , Gustafsson Finn , Ben Gal Tuvia
Published: September 2021

The improvement in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) technology and scarcity of donor hearts have increased dramatically the population of the LVAD‐supported patients and the probability of those patients to present to the emergency department with expected and non‐expected device‐related and patient–device interaction complications. The ageing of the LVAD‐supported patients, mainly those supported with the ‘destination therapy’ indication, increases the risk for those patients to suffer from other co‐morbidities common in the older population. In this second part of the trilogy on the management of LVAD‐supported patients for the non‐LVAD specialist healthcare provider, definitions and structured approach to the LVAD‐supported patient presenting to the emergency department with bleeding, neurological event, pump thrombosis, chest pain, syncope, and other events are presented. The very challenging issue of declaring death in an LVAD‐supported patient, as the circulation is artificially preserved by the device despite no other signs of life, is also discussed in detail.
Depression mediates physical activity readiness and physical activity in patients with heart failure
Authors: Deka Pallav , Almenar Luis , Pathak Dola , Klompstra Leonie , López‐Vilella Raquel , Marques‐Sule Elena
Published: September 2021

Aims

Although physical activity (PA) and exercise are essential for patients with heart failure (HF), adherence to the recommended guidelines is low. Not much is known about the mediating effect of HF patients' mental state with their readiness for PA and reported activity levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediatory effect of depression on PA readiness (physical limitation and psychological readiness) and self‐reported PA in patients with HF.

Methods and results

In this cross‐sectional study, 163 New York Heart Association Class I and II HF patients, during their clinic visit, reported on their physical limitation (PAR‐Q) and psychological readiness [self‐efficacy (ESES) and motivation (RM 4‐FM)] for PA, depression (HADS‐D), and PA (s‐IPAQ). Mediation analysis was performed to test the mediating effect of depression on PA readiness (physical limitation and psychological readiness) and self‐reported PA following the steps described by Baron and Kenny (1986). Hierarchical regression models were tested for their effects. The Self‐Efficacy Theory and Self‐Determination theory provided the theoretical platform for the study. Depression completely mediated the effect of physical limitation (βdep = 268.57; P < 0.0001) and partially mediated the effect of self‐efficacy on PA (βdep = 344.16; P < 0.0001). Both intrinsic (P < .0001) and extrinsic motivation (P < .0001) for PA had an independent and significant effect on PA, not mediated by depression.

Conclusions

Patients with HF should be screened for depression throughout the trajectory of the disease as it can impact their physical and psychological readiness to perform PA.
Lanthanide‐Based Metal‐Organic‐Frameworks for Proton Conduction and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Biswas Soumava , Neugebauer Petr
Published: September 2021

The coexistence of proton conductivity and magnetic properties in metal organic frameworks (MOFs) is simply an attractive prospect to design and create multifunctional molecular materials. However, the simultaneity of interesting magnetic properties (e.g. magnetocaloric effect, slow magnetic relaxation or magnetic ordering) and proton conduction in a MOF is very implausible to be observed, as chemical and structural necessities are absolutely poles apart for either of the properties. In this context, lanthanide‐based metal‐organic frameworks (LMOFs) have emerged as an intriguing class of materials to observe such coexistence in few cases. In this perspective, the advantages of combining lanthanide ions and organic acids as ligands to construct a proton‐conductive magnetic metal organic framework are briefly discussed. The current status of this specific research area regarding some fascinating LMOFs exhibiting proton conductivity and magnetic properties is reviewed in detail. Also, a future perspective of such materials is discussed.
A Continuous‐Flow Route to Enantioenriched 3‐Substituted‐3‐Hydroxyoxindoles: Organocatalytic Aldol Reactions of Isatin with Acetone
Authors: Tseke Kavnen , Lennon Claire , O'Mahony Joseph , Kinsella Michael
Published: September 2021

An efficient L‐leucinol catalysed asymmetric synthesis of 3‐substitued‐3‐hydroxyoxindoles was for the first time completed under continuous flow, providing a safer route for accelerating the reaction at higher temperatures without adversely affecting enantioselectivity. Initial batch solvent screening of the isatin‐acetone aldol reaction revealed neat acetone as the media best suited in flow as it dissolved isatin and afforded (S)‐enantiomer of the adduct in 84 % ee. Solvents with Kamlet‐Taft basicity (β)>0.6 and proticity (α)≈0 had a higher solubility of isatin but poor reaction performance while solvents with β<0.2 and α<0.6 performed excellently in the reaction albeit with poor isatin solubility. The addition of 10 equivalents of water improved the neat reaction to afford 94 % yield in 93 % ee at 20 °C after 48 h. When transferred to continuous flow, complete conversion was observed in 12 h residence time at 40 °C without loss in enantioselectivity. Further substrate studies in flow were undertaken with a 4‐fold dilution and a 60 °C reaction temperature required for some derivatives. Excellent yields and enantioselectivities were obtained in most cases.
Electricity Driven 1,3‐Oxohydroxylation of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes: a Mild and Straightforward Access to β‐Hydroxy Ketones
Authors: Saha Debarshi , Maajid Taily Irshad , Banerjee Prabal
Published: September 2021

An unprecedented external oxidant‐free electrochemical protocol for 1, 3‐oxohydroxylation of donor‐acceptor cyclopropane is disclosed. The strategy encompasses the activation of the labile π‐electron cloud of the aryl ring to cleave the strained Csp3−Csp3 bond of cyclopropane to afford the β‐hydroxy ketones via insertion of molecular oxygen. More significantly, based on the detailed mechanistic investigations and cyclic voltammetry experiments, a plausible mechanism is proposed.
A critical review on the fabrication techniques that can enable higher throughput in dielectrophoresis devices
Authors: Martinez‐Duarte Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

The sorting of targeted cells in a sample is a cornerstone of healthcare diagnostics and therapeutics. This work focuses on the use of dielectrophoresis for the selective sorting of targeted bioparticles in a sample and how the lack of throughput has been one important practical challenge to its widespread practical implementation. Increasing the cross‐sectional area of a channel can lead to higher flow rates and thus the capability to process a larger sample volume per unit of time. However, the required electric field gradient that is generated by polarized electrodes drastically decreases as one moves away from the electrodes. Hence, the scaling up of the channel cross section must be done asymmetrically. One desires a channel aspect ratio AR = height/width that is much smaller or much larger than 1. Since reducing footprint of the DEP device is important to ensure affordability, the use of channels with AR ≫ 1 is desired. This creates the challenge to fabricate electrodes on the sidewalls of multiple channels with AR ≫ 1, or a channel embedding an array of electrodes with a gap in between them with AR ≫ 1. This critical review first details the motivation for using three‐dimensional (3D) DEP devices to improve throughput and then describes selected techniques that have been used to fabricate them. Techniques include electrodeposition, deep etching, thick‐film photolithography, and co‐fabrication. Electrode materials addressed include metals, silicon, carbon, PDMS‐based composites as well as conductive polymers and fluids.
Availability‐guaranteeing maintenance of series machine tools
Authors: Praedicow Michael , Apitzsch René , Richter Anja , Wunderlich Tim , Klimant Philipp
Published: September 2021

Condition monitoring enables transparency, as for example irregularities are detected automatically and reported. A condition forecast, however, requires more. In contrast to AI black box methods, frequently used in this context, a combination of existing expert knowledge and classical statistics is used as a method for a reliable determination of the remaining component‐lifetime. This works, if meaningful historical data are available in a sufficient quantity and quality. And this in turn requires a corresponding number of machines that are as identical in construction as possible and which must also be subject to a defined test regime, temporally closely monitored outside the production process. However, the quantity can be significantly smaller than the number of cases required for a prescient analysis of the correlations between a condition parameter and the wear condition of a specific component. The main target audience of the strategy presented here is therefore in particular manufacturers of series machines who wish to offer maintenance packages with corresponding availability guarantees and on‐site support for maintenance personnel.
Performance analyses of TAS/Alamouti‐MRC NOMA system with channel estimation error, feedback delay, and imperfect SIC
Authors: Toka Mesut , Kucur Oğuz
Published: September 2021

In this article, the performance of a power domain downlink multiple‐input multiple‐output non‐orthogonal multiple access system, where the base station (BS) equipped with three antennas communicates simultaneously with three mobile users equipped with multiple antennas, is analyzed over Nakagami‐mfading channels in the presence of channel estimation error (CEE), feedback delay (FBD), and imperfect successive interference cancellation. In the considered system, the BS applies transmit antenna selection (TAS)/Alamouti‐space‐time block coding (STBC) scheme while mobile users are assumed to adopt maximum‐ratio combining technique in order to take advantage of the combination of transmit and receive diversities. In particular, in order to apply Alamouti‐STBC scheme at the BS, one of the transmit antennas is determined randomly while the other one is selected according to decision of the majority of mobile users. For performance metrics, closed‐form outage probability (OP) and ergodic capacity (EC) expressions derived with the help of moment generating function approach. Moreover, asymptotic analyses are maintained to demonstrate the effects of CEE and FBD in terms of diversity order and array gain. We show that the proposed system provides better OP and EC performance than the system without antenna selection for different users and conditions.
Origin of the basal lherzolite of the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite, Pakistan, deduced from the trace element characteristics of clinopyroxene
Authors: Kakar Aminullah , Morishita Tomoaki , Khan Mehrab , Mahmood Khalid , Tamura Akihiro , Guotana Juan Miguel , Bussolesi Micol
Published: September 2021

The origin of basal lherzolites in the mantle section of harzburgite‐dominated ophiolites is enigmatic. The basal part of the mantle section is well exposed in the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite, Pakistan, which is one of the harzburgite‐dominated ophiolites of the Tethys Ophiolite Belt. In this contribution, we describe the basal lherzolite of the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite, Pakistan, and discuss its origin based on the trace‐element characteristics of its clinopyroxenes. The basal lherzolite exhibits porphyroclastic to mylonitic textures. Primitive mantle‐normalized trace‐element patterns of the porphyroclastic clinopyroxenes were characterized by low ratios of light rare‐earth elements (LREEs) to heavy rare‐earth elements (HREEs), low abundances of HREEs, and positive Sr anomalies. These geochemical characteristics are not consistent with a lherzolite and its clinopyroxenes, which is formed by a residue after a low degree of partial melting and melt extraction from peridotites in a mid‐ocean ridge setting. Instead, the compositions of the clinopyroxenes are consistent with open‐system melting induced by the infiltration of slab‐derived fluids into residual peridotites that had been depleted in REEs. The compositions of chromian spinels in the chromitites of the basal peridotite sequence are also consistent with their formation in an arc setting. We conclude that the basal lherzolites of the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite represent a residue after a relatively high degree of partial melting, and that the clinopyroxenes were added as metasomatic crystallization from slab‐derived arc‐related melts to this residual depleted peridotite in a subduction setting.
Timing of elective tracheotomy and duration of mechanical ventilation among patients admitted to intensive care with severe COVID‐19: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Prats‐Uribe Albert , Tobed Marc , Villacampa José Miguel , Agüero Adriana , García‐Bastida Clara , Tato José Ignacio , Rodrigáñez Laura , Holguera Victoria Duque , Hernández‐García Estefanía , Poletti Daniel , Simonetti Gabriela , Villarraga Vanessa , Meler‐Claramonte Carla , Sánchez Barrueco Álvaro , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos , Casasayas Maria , Parente‐Arias Pablo , Mata‐Castro Nieves , Rello Jordi , Castro Pedro , Prieto‐Alhambra Daniel , Vilaseca Isabel , Avilés‐Jurado Francesc Xavier ,   TraqueoCOVID SEORL Group
Published: September 2021

Background

Optimal timing for tracheotomy for critically ill COVID‐19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is not established.

Methods

Multicenter prospective cohort including all COVID‐19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in 36 hospitals who required tracheotomy during first pandemic wave. With a target emulation trial framework, we studied the causal effects of early (7–10 days) versus late (>10 days) tracheotomy (LT) on time from tracheotomy to weaning, postoperative mortality, and tracheotomy complications.

Results

Of 696 patients, 20.4% received early tracheotomy (ET). ET was associated with faster weaning (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.25 [1.00–1.56]) without differences in mortality (HR [95% CI]: 0.85 [0.60–1.21]) or complications (adjusted rate ratio [95% CI]: 0.56 [0.23–1.33]).

Conclusions

ET had a similar or lower post‐tracheotomy weaning time than LT, potentially shortening IMV and ICU stays, without changing complication or mortality rates in COVID‐19 patients.
The prognostic impact of depression or depressive symptoms on patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Van der Elst Sarah , Bardash Yonatan , Wotman Michael , Kraus Dennis , Tham Tristan
Published: September 2021

Background

This systematic review and meta‐analysis sought to assess the extent to which pretreatment depression or depressive symptoms are related to prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods

Medline, EMbase, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library databases were searched. A meta‐analysis was done to generate a forest plot and pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI for overall survival (OS). RevMan 5.3 and Meta Essentials were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Based on seven studies involving 1743 patients, the results showed that HNC patients with pretreatment depression or depressive symptoms had worse OS than patients without depression or depressive symptoms, with an HR of 1.33, 95% CI 1.16–1.52, p = <0.0001. There is heterogeneity in the pooled summary effect (I2 = 80%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Pretreatment depression or depressive symptoms may indicate worse OS in patients with HNC. The pooled analysis demonstrated a statistically significant effect. These results were limited by mild heterogeneity.
Entropy minimized MHD microrotations of Cross nanomaterials with cubic autocatalytic chemical reaction
Authors: Nayak Manoj Kumar , Agbaje Titilayo M. , Mondal Sabyasachi , Sibanda Precious , Makanda Gilbert
Published: September 2021

The Cross viscosity model is a generalized non‐Newtonian nanofluid model that has widespread engineering and industrial applications like in the synthesis of polymeric solutions, polymeric latex spheres, animal blood, biological fluids, and polyacrylamides. To analyze the micromotion of such nanofluids, a micropolar flow model is introduced. Entropy generation (EG) minimization is important in thermal fluid systems undergoing heat transportation to achieve improved thermohydraulic execution. Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions involve complex interactions involving the production and consumption of reactant species. Nonlinear thermal radiation plays a vital role in thermal systems undergoing a drastic change in the temperature gradient. The main focus of this study is the investigation of MHD microrotation in Cross nanofluids subject to nonlinear thermal radiation and autocatalytic chemical reactions. The findings from this study show that amplifying the Weissenberg number and power‐law index leads to augmentation in axial and transverse fluid velocity components and emaciation in microrotations. Strengthening the magnetic field yields enfeeblement of fluid velocities. In addition, increasing the micropolar parameter leads to the growth of flow velocity, microrotation, and fluid temperature. An increase in Brinkman number contributes to the thicker thermal boundary layer. EG number grows with a rise in Reynolds number.
Heat transmission of magnetic Carreau fluid past a stretching surface with suction/injection
Authors: Chalavadi Sulochana , Savita
Published: September 2021

This article studies the heat transfer characteristics of magnetic Carreau fluid at the stagnation region with Joule heating and thermal radiation over an elongating surface. The flow governing partial differential equations are transmuted into ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformations and subsequently resolved by Runge–Kutta numerical approach based on shooting technique. The influencing patterns of various physical parameters on the velocity and thermal profiles are described graphically. The wall friction coefficient and Nusselt number are tabulated accordingly with suitable interpretations. Magnetic field influences to elevate the temperature and shrink the velocity, but the flow velocity develops by applying for Weissenberg and power‐law index number. It can be deduced that the heat transport in comparison to suction is superior to the injection case.
A preliminary estimate of how stream water age is influenced by changing runoff sources in the Nagqu river water shed, Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yang Yuheng , Weng Baisha , Yan Denghua , Gong Xiaoyan , Dai Yanyu , Niu Yongzhen
Published: September 2021

Stream water age is an essential indicator of stream water renewal and pollutant transport rates. Recently, the concept of young water fractions, calculated using stable isotopic data, was proposed as a measure of stream water age. However, the current calculation methods do not classify stream water fractions with annual cycles (365 days), which are helpful to understand the sources of runoff and the water renewal rate in the watershed. In this study, we took the Nagqu River Watershed (NRW, with an area of 16 900 km2) as an example and proposed the concept of middle‐aged water to solve this problem. We used two time thresholds and to divide the stream water age into young water, middle‐aged water and old water in runoff and calculated middle‐aged water using a distributed hydrological model. The results revealed that in the NRW, an average of 23% of the runoff was less than 51.6 days old, whereas an average of 55% of the runoff had ages ranging from 51.6 to 365 days. The spatial change in stream water age is significantly influenced by the sources of streamflow, evaporation, air temperature and soil moisture. The annual average change in old water storage values were −0.33 km3, suggesting that the mean of old water in the NRW decreased from 2016 to 2019. The results of this study are helpful for the study of sources of streamflow and stream water fractions, as well as providing a more effective understanding of the internal hydrological process in a depopulated alpine zone under the impacts of climate change.
Conductive Hearing Loss in the Hyp Mouse Model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Is Accompanied by Hypomineralization of the Auditory Ossicles
Authors: Delsmann Maximilian M. , Seist Richard , Stürznickel Julian , Schmidt Felix N. , Mansour Amer , Kobelski Margaret M. , Broocks Gabriel , Peichl Jonathan , Oheim Ralf , Praetorius Mark , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael , Demay Marie B , Stankovic Konstantina M , Rolvien Tim
Published: September 2021

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a hereditary musculoskeletal disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PHEX gene. In XLH, increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels cause renal phosphate wasting and low concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, leading to an early clinical manifestation of rickets. Importantly, hearing loss is commonly observed in XLH patients. We present here data from two XLH patients with marked conductive hearing loss. To decipher the underlying pathophysiology of hearing loss in XLH, we utilized the Hyp mouse model of XLH and measured auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) to functionally assess hearing. As evidenced by the increased ABR/DPOAE threshold shifts in the mid-frequency range, these measurements indicated a predominantly conductive hearing loss in Hyp mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Therefore, we carried out an in-depth histomorphometric and scanning electron microscopic analysis of the auditory ossicles. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) indicated a severe hypomineralization of the ossicles in Hyp mice, evidenced by lower calcium content (CaMean) and higher void volume (ie, porosity) compared to WT mice. Histologically, voids correlated with unmineralized bone (ie, osteoid), and the osteoid volume per bone volume (OV/BV) was markedly higher in Hyp mice than WT mice. The density of osteocyte lacunae was lower in Hyp mice than in WT mice, whereas osteocyte lacunae were enlarged. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of ossicular mineralization for hearing conduction and point toward the potential benefit of improving mineralization to prevent hearing loss in XLH. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A novel prognostic signature based on four glycolysis‐related genes predicts survival and clinical risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Zou Yiping , Zhang Yuanpeng , Chen Zhenrong , Wu Fan , Shi Ning , Jin Haosheng
Published: September 2021

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer with limited cure and poor survival. In our study, a bioinformatic analysis was conducted to investigate the role of glycolysis in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC.

Methods

Single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGESA) was used to calculate enrichment scores for each sample in TCGA‐LIHC and GEO14520 according to the glycolysis gene set. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis identified a gene module closely related to glycolysis, and their function was investigated. Prognostic biomarkers were screened from these genes. Cox proportional hazard model and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used to construct the prognostic signature. Kaplan–Meier (KM) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses evaluated the prediction performance of the prognostic signature in TCGA‐LIHC and ICGC‐LIRI‐JP. Combination analysis data of clinical features and prognostic signature constructed a nomogram. Area under ROC curves and decision curve analysis were used to compare the nomogram and its components.

Results

The glycolysis pathway was upregulated in HCC and was unfavorable for survival. The determined gene module was mainly enriched in cell proliferation. A prognostic signature (CDCA8, RAB5IF, SAP30, and UCK2) was developed and validated. KM and ROC curves showed a considerable predictive effect. The risk score derived from the signature was an independent prognostic factor. The nomogram increased prediction efficiency by combining risk signature and TNM stage and performed better than component factors in net benefit.

Conclusion

The gene signature may contribute to individual risk estimation, survival prognosis, and clinical management.
Research Pathways for Societal Impact: A Typology of Relational Engagements for Consumer Psychology Research
Authors: Ozanne Julie L. , Davis Brennan , Ekpo Akon E.
Published: September 2021

Consumer psychology research achieves desirable societal impact when it affects positive changes in the world. Increasingly, researchers seek to understand how to increase the impact of their work. For research to have societal impact, scholars must engage with stakeholders ranging from consumers, businesses, and nonprofits, to media and the government. Earlier research presented a relational engagement approach that defined societal impact as a rewarding process involving knowledge creation, awareness, implementation, and societal benefits (J.L. Ozanne et al., 2017). This article builds upon these insights by conceptualizing a typology of relational engagements that provides different research pathways for those researchers who want to effect positive changes in society.
Perspectives on adsorption technology as an effective strategy for continuous downstream bioprocessing
Authors: Schneider Anna , Herlevi Lisa‐Marie , Guo Yijia , Fernandez Lahore Hector Marcelo
Published: September 2021

The biological industry, but also biorefining platforms in the context of the circular economy, have been fertile terrains for the development of a palette of novel products of increasing structural diversity and fields of application. To mention only a few of the more complex bioproducts, we can consider monoclonal antibodies, plasmid DNA, virus‐like particles and exosomes. Of course, some products of industrial relevance are much simpler in nature. Irrespective of the product class and field of application, a shift from batch processing to continuous manufacturing is currently happening. This is due to the fact that operating in the continuous mode can result in process intensification, and therefore increased productivity with lower environmental impact can be realized. Some biological production schemes, e.g. those based on perfusion cultures, are well known in the pharmaceutical industry. Likewise, continuous fermentation is now utilized to produce ethanol from biomass. In many cases, continuous downstream operations are desired but difficult to implement; there is a pressing need to better understand the available options for product recovery and purification. Some traditional methods require re‐evaluation in modern contexts and some others, of experimental nature, require further improvement before actual implementation. In this article, we present an overview of the most promising methods that would allow for robust downstream bioprocessing options in the near future – with a focus on adsorption technologies. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Assessment of biochemical compounds and antioxidant enzyme activity in barley and wheatgrass under water‐deficit condition
Authors: Islam Mohammad Zahirul , Park Buem‐Jun , Jeong Su‐Yeon , Kang Sun‐Woong , Shin Bo‐Kyung , Lee Young‐Tack
Published: September 2021

Wheatgrass and barley grass are freshly sprouted leaves of wheat and barley seeds and are rich sources of phytochemicals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on the biochemical compounds and antioxidant activities of barley grass and wheatgrass extracts. The grass was cultivated in an organic soil growing medium with different levels of drought stress (a control with 100% water holding capacity (WHC), mild drought stress with 75% WHC, moderate drought stress with 50% WHC, and severe drought stress with 25% WHC) in a growth chamber by controlling temperature (20/15 °C, day/night), light (12/12 h, light/dark; intensity 150 μmol m−2 s−1with quantum dot light‐emitting diodes), and relative humidity (60%) for 7 days. The drought stress showed increased levels of biochemical compounds, especially phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C, in both barley grass and wheatgrass extracts. The wheatgrass extracts showed 1.38–1.67 times higher phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C contents than the barley grass extracts did. The antioxidant (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging activity, and nitrite‐scavenging activity) and antioxidant enzymes (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) were the highest under severe drought stress in both barley grass and wheatgrass extracts; and the wheatgrass extracts showed 1.20–5.70 times higher antioxidant enzyme activities than the barley grass extracts did. Proper drought‐stress treatment of barley grass and wheatgrass may be a convenient and efficient method to increase biochemical compounds and antioxidants in our diet to exploit the related health benefits. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Robotic resection of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Institutional outcomes of bile duct cancer surgery using a minimally invasive technique
Authors: Sucandy Iswanto , Shapera Emanuel , Jacob Kevin , Luberice Kenneth , Crespo Kaitlyn , Syblis Cameron , Ross Sharona B. , Rosemurgy Alexander S.
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives

The purpose of this study is to report our early experience and outcomes, the first in North America, of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (EHC) resection with Roux‐en Y Hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction via the robotic approach.

Methods

With Institutional Review Board approval, 15 patients who underwent robotic resection of EHC were studied.

Results

Patients were 74 (73 ± 8.9) years of age. There were 9 men and 6 women. Average body mass index was 24 (27 ± 6.3) kg·m−2. Mean & Median ASA class was 3. Median Tumor size was 2 (2 ± 1.3) cm. There were no intraoperative complications. Operative duration was 453 (443 ± 85.0) minutes and the estimated blood loss was 150 (182 ± 138.4) ml. No patient required admission to the intensive care unit. Hospital length of stay was 4 (6 ± 3.2) days. There was one patient with Clavien‐Dindo Class 3 or greater complication. No mortality was seen in this series.

Discussion

Robotic resection of EHC is safe, feasible, and reproducible with excellent clinical outcomes. Consequently, the robotic technique should be considered in some patients requiring EHC resection.
A Hard Templating Approach to Functional Mesoporous Poly(norborn‐2‐ene)‐Based Monolithic Supports
Authors: Acikalin Hande , Ziegler Felix , Wang Dongren , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: September 2021

A hard‐templating method is presented for the synthesis of functional ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) derived, poly(norborn‐2‐ene)‐based monolithic supports prepared under solvent‐induced phase separation conditions using the first‐generation Grubbs initiator RuCl2(PCy3)2(CHPh) (1, Cy = cyclohexyl). Norborn‐2‐ene (NBE), 1,4,4a,5,8,8a‐hexahydro‐1,4,5,8‐exo,endo‐dimethanonaphthalene (DMN‐H6) and trimethylolpropane‐tris‐(5‐norbornene‐2‐yl‐carboxylate (TMPTNC) are used as monomers and crosslinkers, respectively. 2‐Propanol and toluene are used as macro‐ and microporogen. Silica (SiO2) nanowires (SNWs) surface‐modified with NBE are used as hard templates. exo,endo‐Norborn‐5‐ene‐2‐ylmethanol (NBE‐CH2OH) is used as functional comonomer. The tailored porogenic system together with the surface‐functionalized SNWs allows for a full dispersion of the SNWs in the polymerization mixture and their incorporation into the monolithic structure during the phase separation process. This way, ROMP‐derived monoliths with pore dimensions of 10–15 nm, specific surface areas up to 3.7 m2 g−1, and pore porosities up to 33% are obtained after removal of the SNWs by chemical etching at room temperature.
Thermoresponsive Polymers Based on Tertiary Amine Moieties
Authors: Pang Bo , Yu Yuewen , Zhang Wangqing
Published: September 2021

Thermoresponsive polymers exhibiting unique reversible phase transition properties in aqueous solution in response to temperature stimuli have been extensively investigated. In the past two decades, thermoresponsive polymers based on tertiary amine moieties have achieved considerable progress and become an important family of thermoresponsive polymers, including tertiary amine functionalized poly((meth)acrylamide)s, poly((meth)acrylate)s, poly(styrene)s, poly(vinyl alcohol)s, and poly(ethylene oxide)s, which exhibit lower critical solution temperature and/or upper critical solution temperature in water or aliphatic alcohols. Their phase transition behavior can be modulated by the solution pH and CO2 due to the protonation of tertiary amine moieties in acidic condition and deprotonation in alkaline condition and the charged ammonium bicarbonate formed by the tertiary amine moieties and CO2. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent progress in the thermoresponsive polymers based on tertiary amine moieties.
Polyacrylamide‐Based Binary Luminescent Copolymer Materials Exhibit Color‐Tunable and Efficient Long‐Lived Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Wang Jun , Lou Xin‐Yue , Tang Jun , Yang Ying‐Wei
Published: September 2021

Polymer‐based pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have garnered considerable interest, among which RTP systems with prolonged lifetimes and tunable emission colors are promising for applications in sensing, flexible electronics, bioassay, anti‐counterfeiting, and data encryption. Herein, facile doping method is reported based on two types of copolymers with benzene/biphenyl‐based light‐emitting cores as their side chains, whereby the two copolymers are robustly crosslinked via noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding that occur between the light‐emitting cores and polyacrylamide backbones. Persistent RTP emission with prolonged lifetime up to 1.9 s and phosphorescence quantum yield as high as 40.1% are obtained in single copolymers, attributed to the conformation restriction of phosphorescent dyes originating from the rigid microenvironment. Furthermore, multicolor phosphorescence signals are observed in the doped binary luminescent copolymer systems that can be effectively regulated by the feed ratio of luminescent cores and irradiation wavelengths. Possible mechanisms for this efficient and long‐lived color‐tunable RTP system are discussed on the basis of the experimental data and theoretical calculations. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the color‐tunable RTP emission of the doped copolymer systems under ambient conditions allows for further exploitation in the application of dynamic information encryption.
Effects of toxicity and zooplankton selectivity on plankton dynamics under seasonal patterns of viruses with time delay
Authors: Biswas Saswati , Kumar Tiwari Pankaj , Pal Samares
Published: September 2021

Intricate functional diversities in marine ecosystems often lead to exhibit a variety of dynamical behaviors, including chaos. To bring order into such chaotic situations, the system develops different mechanisms of self‐adaptability. Our present investigation is based on the study of an eco‐epidemiological model for virally infected toxic phytoplankton and zooplankton system. Both healthy and infected phytoplankton are assumed to be exposed to grazer zooplankton with a varying degree of exposure. An extension is made by introducing the fact that viral replication process in a lysis event is mediated by some time lag. To achieve more realistic and explicit outcomes of the existing phenomena correlated with our model, we consider the force of infection and replication of free viruses as seasonally forced. We find that time delay accounts for recurrent stability switching event in the system. The chaotic behavior is observed in the seasonally forced delayed system, which indicates the emergence of harmful blooms. The main motive is to gain a clear insight into the field of synchronization and stabilization of the irregular behaviors of the system. Our investigations suggest that increased strength of toxic compounds exuded by phytoplankton species may suppress the prevalence of chaotic disorder and drives the system into a zooplankton‐free zone. The intensity of selective grazing of zooplankton changes the state of chaos to order and promotes the disease‐free system.
Encrypted and tunable graphene‐based metasurface refractive index sensor
Authors: Parmar Juveriya , Patel Shobhit K.
Published: September 2021

Encryption is a very essential part to secure data communication in today's world where there is a threat of stealing data. We have proposed a graphene‐based metasurface biosensor for sensing and encryption applications. The biosensor is designed to sense the hemoglobin (HT) biomolecules with high sensitivity. The results are analyzed in the form of transmittance and electric field of the proposed graphene‐based metasurface biosensor. The graphene layer's chemical potential is varied to achieve the coding of ‘0’ and ‘1’. This creates one‐digit coding. The array of this proposed structure with this coding can be used for encryption applications. The biosensor design is analyzed for four HT concentrations and their sensitivity is compared. Different geometrical parameters are analyzed and their effect is observed for tunability. The response from the design can be useful in future biomedical and data encryption applications.
Deep learning‐augmented radioluminescence imaging for radiotherapy dose verification
Authors: Jia Mengyu , Yang Yong , Wu Yan , Li Xiaomeng , Xing Lei , Wang Lei
Published: September 2021

Purpose

We developed a novel dose verification method using a camera‐based radioluminescence imaging system (CRIS) combined with a deep learning‐based signal processing technique.

Methods

The CRIS consists of a cylindrical chamber coated with scintillator material on the inner surface of the cylinder, coupled with a hemispherical mirror and a digital camera at the two ends. After training, the deep learning model is used for image‐to‐dose conversion to provide absolute dose prediction at multiple depths of a specific water phantom from a single CRIS image under the assumption of a good consistency between the TPS setting and actual beam energy. The model was trained using a set of captured radioluminescence images and the corresponding dose maps from the clinical treatment planning system (TPS) for the sake of acceptable data collection. To overcome the latent error and inconsistency that exists between the TPS calculation and the corresponding measurement, the model was trained in an unsupervised manner. Validation experiments were performed on five square fields (ranging from 2 × 2 to 10 × 10 cm2) and three clinical intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) cases. The results were compared to the TPS calculations in terms of gamma index at 1.5, 5, and 10 cm depths.

Results

The mean 2%/2 mm gamma pass rates were 100% for square fields and 97.2% (range from 95.5% to 99.5%) for the IMRT fields. Further validations were performed by comparing the CRIS results with measurements on various regular fields. The results show a mean gamma pass rate of 91% (1%/1 mm) for cross‐profiles and a mean percentage deviation of 1.15% for percentage depth doses (PDDs).

Conclusions

The system is capable of converting the irradiated radioluminescence image to corresponding water‐based dose maps at multiple depths with a spatial resolution comparable to the TPS calculations.
Overview of the Newly Released IDMS
Authors: Berkeley Brian
Published: September 2021

In view of the ever‐advancing technology for displays, myriad display architectures, and advances in characterization techniques, the recent release of IDMS v1.1 introduces new methods that are important for modern evaluation of the latest displays.
Automotive Displays: The Race is on Between LCD and OLED!
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: September 2021

The annual number of automotive displays sold will nearly double from 2020 to 2028, according to Strategy Analytics. Local dimming LCDs and OLEDs compete for this expanding market for direct‐ view displays. Will we see the first microLEDs in cars at the end of this time frame?
Conference Features Advances in WCG, HDR, and 3D
Authors: Raikes Bob
Published: September 2021

Color, viewing, and form factor captivate consumers at the Display Week 2021 technical conference.
Peri‐operative management of multiple tooth extractions in a patient with congenital hypofibrinogenemia receiving anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Kakuguchi Wataru , Nakamichi Yoshiyuki , Kasahara Kazue , Horikawa Masaaki , Ohiro Yoichi
Published: September 2021

Congenital fibrinogen disorder is rare and is responsible for the difficulty in achieving hemostasis following surgery. A 75‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital for the management of gingival hemorrhage. He had a medical history of congenital hypofibrinogenemia, right internal carotid stenosis, hypertension, brain infarction, and Alzheimer's disease. A diagnosis of gingival hemorrhage due to periodontitis of the maxillary left second molar and severe periodontitis necessitating extraction in the maxillary second molars bilaterally, mandibular left second molar, and mandibular right first and third molars was made. A pre‐operative hematological examination revealed a fibrinogen level of 53.7 mg/dl. Fibrinogen (3 g) was administered and reached a concentration of 92.8 mg/dl before the surgery. Several episodes of post‐operative hemorrhages in the sockets were managed with local hemostatic treatment and splint adjustment. Fibrinogen levels were maintained at 72.5–92.8 mg/dl, until hemostasis was achieved. This case report illustrates the appropriate management of patients with congenital hypofibrinogenemia requiring extraction of multiple teeth.
Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy for polymers
Authors: Xu Shuyu , Camp Charles H. , Lee Young Jong
Published: September 2021

Coherent anti‐stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a label‐free chemical imaging modality capable of interrogating local molecular composition, concentration, and even orientation. In comparison to traditional Raman spectroscopy/imaging, CARS generates signals that are typically orders‐of‐magnitude stronger, enabling high‐throughput and large‐area imaging with superior spectroscopic fidelity. In this review, we present an overview of CARS microscopy as applied to polymer science, covering such timely and important topics as drug release and reaction kinetics to 3D molecular structures and orientation. We also discuss outstanding opportunities and challenges to using CARS microscopy as a quantitative measurement method.
Development of a psychosocial oncology core curriculum for multidisciplinary education and training: Initial content validation using the modified Delphi Method
Authors: Wells‐Di Gregorio Sharla , Deshields Teresa , Flowers Stacy R. , Taylor Nicole , Robbins Mona A. , Johnson Rhonda , Dwyer Meagan , Siston Amy , Cooley Mary E. , Kayser Karen
Published: September 2021

Objective

Despite its four decade history, the multidisciplinary specialty of psychosocial oncology (PSO) has no official consensus on core content. In 2014, the American Psychosocial Oncology Society (APOS) Board charged the APOS Professional Education Committee with outlining curricular content needed for core competence.

Methods

Content validation was completed using a four‐phase modified Delphi Method. During Phase I, a Professional Education Committee subgroup proposed domains and items, which were rated by the APOS Fellows and Board via online survey. During Phase II, Fellows completed a second, revised survey. Phase III incorporated early career members. Developmental and diversity items were integrated into each domain. In Phase IV, a larger group of subject matter experts were surveyed, with feedback incorporated. Validation across phases involved average rating thresholds, intraclass correlations, and final percent agreement.

Results

The Delphi Method supported 12 content domains: Cancer Basics, Psychosocial Oncology, Professional Development, Ethics, Emotional/Psychological Concerns, Sexuality and Relationship Concerns, Spiritual/Religious Concerns, Healthcare Communication and Decision Making, Social/Practical Problems, Caregiver Concerns, Cognitive Concerns, Physical Symptoms and Psychosocial Assessment/Treatment. High levels of agreement were achieved across domains (86%–100%) and items, with no significant rating differences by discipline.

Conclusions

This proposed core content can enhance and standardize education and training in PSO including APOS' Virtual Psychosocial Oncology Core Curriculum, focused on broadly expanding the PSO workforce, particularly in underserved areas. Next steps include development of core competencies and establishment of online training modules based on this content validation.
Changes in dynamic and static structures of the HIV‐1 p24 capsid protein N‐domain caused by amino‐acid substitution are associated with its viral viability
Authors: Sato Yusuke , Matsugami Akimasa , Watanabe Satoru , Hayashi Fumiaki , Arai Munehito , Kigawa Takanori , Nishimura Chiaki
Published: September 2021

HIV‐1 capsid is comprised of over a hundred p24 protein molecules, arranged as either pentamers or hexamers. Three p24 mutants with amino acid substitutions in capsid N‐terminal domain protein were examined: G60W (α3‐4 loop), M68T (helix 4), and P90T (α4‐5 loop), which exhibited no viability for biological activity. One common structural feature of the three p24 N‐domain mutants, examined by NMR, was the long‐range effect of more β‐structures at the β2‐strand in the N‐terminal region compared with the wild‐type. In addition, the presence of fewer helical structures was observed in M68T and P90T, beyond the broad area from helix 1 to the C‐terminal part of helix 4. This suggests that both N‐terminal beta structures and helices play important roles in the formation of p24 hexamers and pentamers. Next, compared with P90T, we examined cis‐conformation or trans‐conformation of wild‐type adopted by isomerization at G89–P90. Since P90T mutant adopts only a trans‐conformation, comparison of chemical shifts and signal intensities between each spectra revealed that the major peaks (about 85%) in the spectrum of wild‐type correspond to trans‐conformation. Furthermore, it was indicated that the region in cis‐conformation (minor; 15%) was more stabilized than that observed in trans‐conformation, based on the analyses of heteronuclear Overhauser effect as well as the order‐parameter. Therefore, it was concluded that the cis‐conformation is more favorable than the trans‐conformation for the interaction between the p24 N‐terminal domain and cyclophilin‐A. This is because HIV‐1 with a P90T protein, which adopts only a trans‐conformation, is associated with non‐viability of biological activity.