bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Issues Affecting Medication Use Among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders
Authors: Hu Daniel , Taira Deborah , Yeboah Michelle , Castillo Theresa
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations may have unique issues (e.g., cultural attitudes and language barriers) that impact their relatively low adherence to medication use. Research on the topic is limited because AANHPI populations are generally not included in research studies. We conducted a qualitative investigation to gain insights into low adherence to medication use among AANHPIs and how to address this health disparity. Methods: In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 14 academic pharmacists and four other health care professionals knowledgeable about AANHPI disparities. Results: The majority of participants were either unsure of appropriate medication use by AANHPIs or felt they were used inappropriately. Over half of the participants were involved in or knew of efforts which focused on appropriate medication use. Participants felt that approaches to improving medication adherence included education and counseling, collaboration between providers, and conducting additional research, a role they felt the Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy could fulfill. Conclusion: The appropriate use of medications for AANHPI populations is perceived as a barrier to parity in health care by pharmacists and other health care professionals. While current efforts exist to address appropriate medication use, additional research focusing on potential solutions identified by our participants is required to further assess their effectiveness in helping to close the health care gap.
Impact of School Social Support and Bullying Victimization on Psychological Distress among California Adolescents
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Ra Chaelin Karen , Zhang Donglan , Zhang Yunting , MacLeod Kara E.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: National reports showed that over 20% of high school students were victims of bullying, which could potentially lead to psychological problems. School social support may be protective against mental distress linked with victimization. This study examined the main and moderating effects of social support from adults in schools on non-specific serious psychological distress (SPD) related to victimization among California adolescents. Methods: Utilizing the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), we analyzed a representative sample of 2,799 adolescents aged 12-17 years old. Logistic regression analyses were conducted modeling the odds of SPD in relation to school social support and victimization. Results: Adolescents who were victimized were twice as likely to have SPD compared to non-victims. Higher level of social support from adults in schools was protective against SPD, but did not buffer the effect of bullying exposure. Discussion: Findings from the present study suggested that adult support from schools can help with students’ psychological problems but does not appear to prevent the psychological consequences of victimization. Additional intervention is needed, above and beyond social support, to prevent victimization and its psychological consequences.
Effects of Age, Mental Health, and Comorbidity on the Perceived Likelihood of Hiring a Healthcare Advocate
Authors: McKinnon Symone A. , Holloway Breanna M. , Santoro Maya S. , May April C. , Cronan Terry A.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: The projected increase in chronically ill older adults may overburden the healthcare system and compromise the receipt of quality and coordinated health care services. Healthcare advocates (HCAs) may help to alleviate the burden associated with seeking and receiving appropriate health care. We examined whether having dementia or depression, along with hypertension and arthritis, or having no comorbid medical conditions, and being an older adult, affected the perceived likelihood of hiring an HCA to navigate the health care system. Method: Participants (N = 1,134), age 18 or older, read a vignette and imagined themselves as an older adult with either a mood or cognitive disorder, and comorbid medical conditions or as otherwise being physically healthy. They were then asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their perceived likelihood of hiring an HCA. Results: Participants who imagined themselves as having dementia reported a greater likelihood of hiring an HCA than participants who imagined themselves as having depression (p < .001). Conclusion: It is imperative that health care professionals attend to the growing and ongoing needs of older adults living with chronic conditions, and HCAs could play an important role in meeting those needs.
College Students’ Perceptions Regarding Medical Waivers for Wellness Incentives Under the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Chikamoto Yosuke , Vazin Dara
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: The use of health-contingent financial incentives in promoting employee wellness is controversial because of potential discrimination against those who could not reach certain health goals due to health factors. To protect consumers from such discrimination, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) requests protective mechanisms; however clear and detailed guidelines for the medical waivers have yet to be developed. This study aimed to identify college students’ opinions about employee wellness programs where monetary incentives are given for those whose Body Mass Index falls into the normal range with particular attention to medical waivers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with participants consisting of a convenience sample of 58 college students in California. Results: Some scenarios were considered more legitimate for waivers than others (pregnancy, 67.3%; chronic back pain; 43.1%; broken leg, 38%; and steroid use; 34.5%). The non-medical reason of "trying to lose weight" was also considered legitimate by 21% of respondents. Responses varied by participants’ gender and their own weight status. Conclusion: College students did not view all scenarios as legitimate reasons for medical waivers. These findings call for physicians to develop a list of legitimate reasons for medical waivers, and for physician preparedness in discussing these issues with patients.
Development of a Mindful-Eating Intervention Program among Third Through Fifth Grade Elementary School Children and Their Parents
Authors: Pierson Shannon , Goto Keiko , Giampaoli Joan , Wylie Alyson , Seipel Ben , Buffardi Kevin
Published: July 2019

The prevalence of obesity among children in the United States is a major health concern and is associated with increased health risks. The goal of this intervention was to develop and pilot test strategies based on mindful eating practices that foster healthy eating behaviors among elementary school children and their families. Mindful eating practice engages all of ones senses and has been shown to decrease impulsive food decisions and increase awareness of hunger and fullness cues. Using Experiential Learning Theory (ELT), class interventions and take-home activities were developed to teach mindful eating strategies to Hispanic and non-Hispanic 3rd through 5th grade elementary school children and their parents. The results of this research will: 1) contribute to the scientific literature regarding the impact of mindful eating practice on children’s eating behavior, 2) provide an alternate strategy for weight loss and management among children, and 3) provide parents and teachers with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote mindful eating among children and families.
Weight Gain in College Freshmen
Authors: Kuhlmann Kristin L. , Tigges Beth B.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: College freshmen gain weight at double the rate of same-age peers, and personal, interpersonal, and situational factors play a role in this phenomenon. The objectives of the study were to quantify weight change in first semester college students and to identify predictors of weight gain. Methods: In fall 2011, 76 unmarried freshmen, living in dormitories at a public, southwestern U.S. university, participated in the study. Heights and weights were measured at the beginning and end of the semester, and an on-line survey was administered at both times. Results: In the first semester of college, 43% gained clinically significant weight (> 3.5 pounds) and 15% gained more than 10 pounds. The group at highest risk was students with a normal BMI; 50% of this cohort gained clinically significant weight. Two variables predicted 12% of weight gain: a low level of health responsibility and a normal BMI. Conclusion: For college freshmen at highest risk of precipitous weight gain, health promotion strategies aimed at maximizing health responsibility is needed. Additionally, an integration of mediating influences related to the developmental stage of emerging adulthood, such as perceived social norms, positive peer influence and self-efficacy may result in improved long-term lifestyle practices.
Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Obesity
Authors: Marttinen Risto , Vernikoff Laura , Phillips Sharon , Fletcher Nicole
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Overweight and obesity have been identified by the World Health Organization as a global epidemic and disproportionately affects minority populations in the United States. This study explored cross-sectional associations with TV viewing, physical activity, video game playing, gender, and Latina/o ethnicity with Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: Data from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) were utilized (N=15,503). Results: Time spent in physical activity, watching television, playing video games, male gender, and Latina/o ethnicity status were all significantly associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity, but age was not. There was also a significant interaction effect in which above-median levels of physical activity had a stronger relationship with lower overweight/obesity rates among non-Latinos compared to Latinos. Conclusion: Our findings support previous findings regarding well-known correlates of overweight and obesity. The significant interaction effects suggest that the relationships of these correlates are nuanced, and future interventions may be more effective if demographic-specific relationships between correlates and obesityrelated outcomes are considered.
Perceived Water Quality and Reported Health among Adults during the Flint, MI Water Crisis
Authors: Kruger Daniel J. , Cupal Suzanne , Kodjebacheva Gergana D. , Fockler Thomas V.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: In April 2014, the municipal water source for Flint, Michigan was changed from Lake Huron to the Flint River. Although residents reported concerns about the quality of tap water and resulting health problems, officials insisted that the water was safe. This study examined relationships between self-reported tap water quality during the water crisis and health conditions among Flint residents. Methods: Participants from each residential Census Tract in the City of Flint were recruited via address lists, online social media, and community-based events. The survey included mental and physical health items from the CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and an item on tap water quarter quality experiences. Analyses were weighted to be demographically representative. Results: Participants (N = 277) rated their tap water quality (taste, smell, appearance) as Poor (57%), Fair (20%), Good (13%), Very Good (6%), and Excellent (3%). Controlling for age, gender, years of education, whether respondents were African American or Hispanic/Latino/a, and population demographics, lower perceived tap water quality was associated with worse mental and physical health across all indicators. Conclusion: This study demonstrates associations of tap water quality experiences with reported poor physical and mental health among adults in Flint during the Flint Water Crisis.
California Public Health Departments Remotely Treat Tuberculosis
Authors: Ritter Lois A. , Kwong Mei Wa , Nasseri Laura M.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Using video-based directly observed therapy (VDOT) to remotely monitor tuberculosis (TB) patients’ treatment is now a viable option due to the advancement and expansion of technology. This study determined the utilization levels, benefits, barriers, and outcomes of California public health departments using VDOT to treat TB. Methods: Interviews (n=7) with pilot site staff in California and a survey (n=56) were used for data collection. In 2015 the survey was disseminated to attendees of the California Tuberculosis Control Association annual conference. Results: Almost 27 percent (n=15) of survey respondents were using VDOT. Reported benefits were high and centered on patient and provider satisfaction, cost savings, and staff safety. The highest concern was reimbursement, specifically that California’s Medicaid program, Medi-Cal, reimburses for in-person DOT but not VDOT. Conclusion: VDOT is a practical and effective option for providing DOT as it has many benefits with minimal concerns. Reimbursement equal to that of in-person DOT and the continued technological improvements should alleviate the existing hindrances that are currently preventing many health departments from implementing VDOT or expanding their existing program. Satisfaction is high, outcomes are positive, and VDOT is cost effective so efforts should be made to break down the barriers to expansion.
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Correlates of Condom Use among Young Adults from Continuation High Schools
Authors: Espinoza Lilia , Richardson Jean L. , Ferguson Kristin , Chou Chih-Ping , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes , Stacy Alan W.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Youth from continuation high schools (CHS) exhibit riskier sexual behaviors than other high school youth, yet the associations between intrapersonal and interpersonal constructs and condom-using behavior are not fully understood within this population. It is unknown which of these variables may be more strongly associated with condom use. This study explored the effects of parentadolescent communication, perceived HIV susceptibility, condom use peer norms, and condom use selfefficacy on lifetime and recent condom use and the potential moderating effects by gender and Latino ethnicity. Methods: A non-experimental study was conducted with 111 CHS young adults in Southern California who previously participated in a substance abuse prevention intervention. Ordinal logistic regression models assessed the associations between each construct and condom use and included interaction terms by gender and Latino ethnicity. Results: Parent-adolescent communication during adolescence and within the past 6 months as well as peer norms that support condom use were significantly associated with lifetime and recent condom use. Perceived HIV risk and condom use selfefficacy showed no effect. Relationships were not moderated by gender or Latino ethnicity. Conclusion: Findings highlight the salutary influence of parents and peers on personal condom use. Future research should explore intrapersonal factors that may motivate consistent condom use.
Role of Healthcare Providers� Recommendation Style in HPV Vaccine Decision-Making among Haitian Parents and Female Patients
Authors: Pierre-Victor Dudith , Stephens Dionne P. , Clarke Rachel , Gabbidon Kemesha , Madhivanan Purnima
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: The strong influence of physician recommendation on vaccine uptake is well established in the literature. However, its influence on HPV vaccine decision-making among young Haitian women is understudied. This study investigated the role of healthcare providers� recommendation style in Haitian parents� and female patients� HPV vaccine decision-making. Methods: Thirty selfidentified Haitian women aged 17-26 years were recruited from a large university campus in the Southeastern United States (N=30). They completed in-depth face-to-face interviews regarding their HPV vaccine decision-making process. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Provider recommendation was cited as a major factor that influenced HPV vaccine uptake. Additionally, the framing of the HPV vaccine message greatly influenced vaccine decisions. Messages that framed the vaccine as a preventive measure for cervical cancer or as a preventive vaccine without an emphasis on the sexual transmission route of the virus were most effective. Messages that framed the vaccine as a preventive measure against a sexually transmitted infection did not positively influence young women to be vaccinated. Conclusions: These findings indicate that providers� recommendation style highly affects HPV vaccine decision. Thus, appropriate HPV vaccine framing is important for encouraging vaccine uptake in this ethnic group.
Association between Types of Soda Consumption and Overall Diet Quality
Authors: Rusmevichientong Pimbucha , Mitra Sinjini , McEligot Archana J. , Navajas Emma
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Daily soda consumption may lead to high energy intake and poor diet quality. Although diet sodas contain no calories, they lack healthful nutrients. The study examined different types of soda consumption [regular (sugar-sweetened) sodas, diet sodas, and non-sodas] associated with overall diet quality. Methods: Cross sectional, 24-hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005-2012 were utilized for the study. Majority of the participants (n = 4,427) were female (57%), adults aged 19-55 years (51%), and non-Hispanic whites (67%). Nutritional Quality Index (NQI) was calculated as an indicator of diet quality. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the significant association between types of soda consumption and NQI stratified by body mass index. Results: Regular soda drinkers had lower NQI than diet soda drinkers, but only for overweight (
Comparative De Novo Transcriptome Assembly of Notophthalmus viridescens RNA-seq Data using Two Commercial Software Programs
Authors: Chacon Jonathan , Cuajungco Math P.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: The reduction of cost and ease of using core laboratories or commercial sequencing companies have allowed biomedical and health researchers alike to employ reference-based genomic or transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) projects to expand their work. Non-reference based data analysis, in cases of inexperienced researchers, become more challenging despite the availability of many open source and commercial software programs. Methods: We performed de novo assembly of RNA-seq data obtained from a non-model organism (Eastern Newt skin) to compare data output of two commercially available software workflows. Results: Our results show that the software packages performed satisfactorily albeit with differences in how the annotated and novel transcripts were identified and listed. Conclusion: Overall, we conclude that the use of commercial software platforms has a clear advantage to that of open source programs because of convenience with data analysis workflows. One caveat is that users need to know the software’s basic algorithm and technical approach, in order to determine the precision and validity of the data output. Thus, it is imperative that researchers fully evaluate the software according to their needs to determine their suitability.
Can Multimedia Tools Promote Big Data Learning and Knowledge in a Diverse Undergraduate Student Population?
Authors: Mitra Sinjini , McEligot Archana J.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Multimedia tools are an integral part of teaching and learning in today’s technology-driven world. The present study explored the role of a newly-developed video introducing the emerging field of big data to a diverse undergraduate student population. Particularly, we investigated whether introduction of a multimedia tool would influence students’ self-perceived knowledge related to various big data concepts and future interest in pursuing the field, and what factors influence these. Methods: Students (n = 331) completed a survey on-line after viewing the video, consisting of Likerttype and quantitative questions about students’ learning experience, future interest in big data, and background. The dataset was analyzed via ANOVA and multiple linear regression methods. Results: Gender, major, and intended degree were significantly associated with students’ learning experience and future interest in big data. Moreover, students who had no prior exposure to big data reported a better learning experience, although they also reported less likelihood to pursue it in the future. Conclusion: Multimedia tools may serve as an effective learning tool in introducing and creating interest in a diverse group of students related to introductory big data science concepts. Both similarities and differences were observed regarding such behaviors among different student sub-groups.
Factors Associated with Food Insecurity and Food Assistance Program Participation among University Students
Authors: Simon Ashley , Goto Keiko , Simon Ashley , Breed Jenny , Bianco Stephanie
Published: July 2019

Background and Significance: Food insecurity is an emerging issue among college students. It impacts the lives of many university students due to financial reasons. There is limited information about factors that affect food insecurity in that population. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine factors associated with food insecurity and food assistance program participation among college students. Methods: Food security status was determined using the short form of the USDA’s Food Security Survey Module. Results: Out of 116 students, 50 students (43.1%) were food insecure. Food insecurity was inversely associated with self-reported cumulative grade point averages. Only 24% of food insecure students participated in food assistance programs. Students who were involved in campus activities were significantly more likely to participate in food assistance programs. University-level policies and programs that help students combat food insecurity need to be considered. Conclusion: The inverse association between food insecurity and academic success indicates the importance of addressing food insecurity issues to foster their academic and professional success among university students. More research on strategies for promoting food assistance programs to college students is warranted. © 2018 Californian Journal of Health Promotion. All rights reserved.
Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Uses and Gratifications Theory to Food-Related Photo-Sharing on Social Media
Authors: Pember Sarah E. , Zhang Xueying , Baker Kim , Bissell Kim
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Food-related photos are prolific on social media, but little is known about user motivations for sharing food photos. While food brands have begun to strategically utilize social media to target consumers and their eating behaviors, health promotion practitioners have made less concerted efforts in this area, perhaps because there is little research into the motivations and rewards for sharing food-related photos online. This study applies the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Uses and Gratifications (U & G) Theory to food-related social media photo sharing, thus, laying groundwork for future investigations of image-based nutrition education messaging. Methods: An online survey designed within the framework of the TPB and U&G was administered to both a community population and that of a large, Southeastern university (N = 478). Results: Attitudes were generally positive toward the behavior, and, within the TPB, the only significant predictor of intention to share food-related photos on social media. Primary motives for posting were entertainment and personal utility, while those for viewing others’ posts were entertainment and information-seeking. Conclusions: Food-photo sharing is a positive, socially normative behavior through which users gather information in an entertaining way, making social media prime tools for communicating healthy eating image-based messages.
Nutrition Campaign Knowledge and Dietary Behavior in Middle School Students
Authors: Roth Sarah E. , Gill Monique , Chan-Golston Alec M. , Crespi Catherine M. , Albert Stephanie L. , Rice Lindsay N. , Prelip Michael L.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Federal nutrition campaigns are designed to make dietary recommendations accessible but have not been extensively evaluated. This paper explores whether knowledge of nutrition campaigns is associated with dietary behavior among young adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 4,773 middle school students in Southern California. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dietary behaviors and nutrition campaign knowledge, controlling for gender and ethnicity. Results: Knowledge of the Fruit & VeggiesMore Matters campaign was associated with increased odds of high fruit and vegetable consumption, knowledge of the MyPlate campaign was associated with neither, and both were associated with increased odds of not consuming soda. Conclusion: Overall, low percentages of students demonstrated knowledge of nutrition campaigns, and knowledge was associated with some dietary behaviors. More research is needed to examine the impact of nutrition campaigns while also accounting for other psychosocial and environmental factors that may affect soda, fruit, and vegetable consumption.
Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) for Latino Students During Middle School and High School Years
Authors: Edens David , Lopez Adriana , Kessler Lisa , Burns-Whitmore Bonny
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: In California, approximately 3.2 million students participated in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP in 2015). It is estimated that Latino students received over 760,000 meals through the NSLP program. This study evaluates factors that influence middle and high school Latino students’ participation in the (NSLP). Methods: Study participants were a convenience sample of students (n = 232) utilizing a 22-question survey tool. The independent variables were grade level, gender, ethnicity, perceived social stigma, competitive foods served on and off campus, peer influences and parental influences. The dependent variable was participation in the NSLP. T-test, ANOVA, and Stepwise multiple regression were used to answer the research questions. Results: Latino students were not significantly different from non-Latino students in their participation rates in the NSLP. There were several significant predictors of NSLP participation for Latino students. Meal eligibility was the only significant predictor of participation in the NSLP for Latino students who are low-participators. Conclusions: Latino students are different from non-Latino students in the factors that influence their participation in the NSLP. Future research is needed to clarify the factors impacting Latino NSLP participation.
Outdoor School
Authors: Flannery Diana , Portis Mary
Published: July 2019

Environmental education aids in creating deeper understanding, investigation, and decision-making skills among students. The goal of environmental education is to lead students to become effective environmental stewards. We created an ongoing service learning partnership that combines mentoring, environmental education, and community resources with elementary and college students in an Outdoor School program. This paper outlines the process and content of Outdoor School.
Using a Culturally Competent Framework to Increase Annual Breast Cancer Screening Rates Among Low-Income Latinas
Authors: Sobero Raúl A. , Giraldo Gloria P.
Published: July 2019

The Orange County, California, Cancer Detection Partnership is a successful example of a multitiered breast cancer detection program that reaches low-income, underserved women with remarkably high breast cancer screening rates for Latinas. Between July 1999 and June 2001, 65.3 percent of Latinas eligible for free breast cancer screening services were screened by the provider network affiliated with this partnership. This case study provides evidence that culturally competent services are effective. The key elements underlying the effectiveness of this program are a strong foundation of collaboration, commitment to integrate community participation into program decision-making, and innovative implementation strategies developed within a culturally competent framework. These elements have either reduced or eliminated barriers related to infrastructure, socio-cultural issues, and financial concerns that low-income women often face when accessing services. The California Department of Health Services, Cancer Detection Section, designed a model that enables ten regional cancer detection partnerships to prevent and reduce the devastating effects of breast cancer through early detection, diagnosis and treatment by incorporating these and other key elements into their programs. This case study includes discussion and recommendations for program enhancement and future research.
Effect of Nutrition and Physical Activity Training with Mexican Americans
Authors: Harris Debra M.
Published: July 2019

Health related behaviors are of concern in the Mexican American community because of the prevalence of disease, such as diabetes, hypertension and cancer. Poor nutrition and a lack of physical activity are behaviors which contribute to these diseases. Training regarding health related behaviors associated with nutrition and physical activity was attended by 11 individuals from low income areas who were Mexican American. Results indicate most did understand the importance of diet and exercise in controlling these diseases. Most were motivated to change their eating and exercise habits as a result of the training they attended. / Comportamientos relacionados con la salud son de gran preocupación en la comunidad Mexicana por la alta ocurrencia de enfermedades como diabetes, hipertensión y cáncer. Pobre nutrición y la falta de actividad física son ejemplos de comportamientos responsables por estas enfermedades. Once individuos de áreas de bajo ingreso que eran Mexicano Americanos atendieron un entrenamiento referente a comportamientos relacionados con la salud que son asociados con la nutrición y actividad física. Los resultados indican que la mayoría entendieron la importancia de la dieta y ejercicios para controlar estas enfermedades. La mayoría de ellos fueron motivados a cambiar sus hábitos de comer y ejercicios como resultado del entrenamiento que asistieron.
Roles of Trust and Cross-Cultural Miscommunication in Clinical Decision-Making
Authors: Preloran H. Mabel , Balzano Silvia
Published: July 2019

This paper explores the emotional world of a recent Mexican immigrant who lives in Los Angeles and is awaiting the results of the amniocentesis she has ambivalently agreed to. She is 45 years old and has given birth to two children with severe disabilities and two who are apparently normal. We focus our analysis on the woman's reactions and feelings during the nine days she spends waiting for the test results. We show that the standard prenatal genetic clinical protocol aimed at providing medical education and requiring professional neutrality and emotional detachment left the woman feeling rejected and subsequently unwilling to seek information or support from her clinicians. We find that while the intent of a protocol of neutrality is to enable patients to make informed decisions without feeling pressure from clinicians, some women want greater emotional engagement. We argue that professional neutrality can inhibit patient-clinician communication, hamper medical education, and ultimately detract from patients' ability to make informed medical choices. / El presente artículo explora el mundo emocional de Rocío, una inmigrante mexicana, quien se encuentra esperando los resultados de una amniocentesis que aceptó hacerse, a pesar de las dudas sobre la credibilidad y utilidad de la misma. Rocío, de 45 años, tenía ya otros hijos, dos con anormalidades severas y dos aparentemente sanos. Centramos nuestro análisis en los sentimientos y reacciones durante los nueve días que transcurren mientras espera el diagnóstico. En este trabajo mostramos cómo la forma de presentar la información médica puede llegar a entorpecer la toma de decisión de un paciente. El protocolo genético tiene por meta proveer información médica manteniendo una cierta distancia profesional y emocional. Estas condiciones hacen que, en nuestro estudio de caso, la paciente se sienta rechazada y sin deseos de acercarse al personal médico, ya sea en busca de apoyo emocional o información que aclararía sus dudas. Creemos que, mientras el objetivo de la neutralidad profesional es asegurar que el paciente decida con los conocimientos adecuados y, a la vez, sin sentirse presionado, algunas mujeres preferirían un mayor acercamiento emocional por parte del personal médico cuando deben decidir sobre pruebas o tratamientos. Creemos que la neutralidad profesional puede llegar a inhibir la comunicación médico-paciente, dificultar la comprensión de la información y, por último, obstaculizar la habilidad de tomar decisiones informadas por parte de los pacientes.
Health Education for the Migrant Farm Working Community in El Paso, Texas through the Integration of Faculty Research and Student Learning
Authors: Thompson Sharon E. , Poss Jane E.
Published: July 2019

A needs assessment among the migrant farm workers on the US/Mexico border of El Paso, Texas was conducted as part of the Migrant Border Health Initiative. Based on the survey results, recommendations for potential health education programs were provided to the undergraduate community health students at The University of Texas at El Paso. These students directly applied the principles they learned in their program planning and evaluation course to the development and implementation of health educational interventions for this underserved migrant community. It was necessary for the students to develop creative, innovative and nontraditional strategies to address the learning needs of the farm workers. The ultimate goal of these educational programs was to assist the farm workers in making informed decisions to improve their health. Based on the success of these initial presentations, others are being planned for the spring. / Una evaluación de las necesidades de los trabajadores agrícolas emigrantes en la frontera Estados Unidos/México de El Paso, Texas fue conducida como parte de la Iniciativa de Salud para los Emigrantes en la Frontera. Basado en los resultados del estudio, se presentaron recomendaciones de programas viables de educación sobre la salud a los estudiantes de salud comunitaria de la Universidad de Texas en el Paso. Estos estudiantes aplicaron directamente los principios que ellos aprendieron en su curso de planeación y evaluación de programas para el desarrollo e implementación de intervención educacional de salud para esta comunidad de emigrantes que no tiene acceso a cuidado de salud. Fue necesario para los estudiantes desarrollar estrategias creativas, innovadoras y notradicionales para satisfacer las necesidades de aprendizaje de los trabajadores agrícolas. El objetivo principal de estos programas educativos fue asistir a los trabajadores agrícolas a tomar decisiones para mejorar su salud. Basados en el éxito de estas primeras presentaciones, se están planeando otras para la primavera.
Every 15 Minutes
Authors: Bordin Judy , Bumpus Matthew , Hunt Shane
Published: July 2019

This study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of “Every 15 Minutes,” a popular drinking/driving prevention program. Participants were 1651 students in 81 California high schools. Pretest/post-tests comparisons revealed that student participating in the program as the “living dead” characters reported drinking less, being more likely to talk to their friends about drinking and driving, and being less likely to drive after drinking or ride with someone who had been drinking.
Sexual Risk Behaviors Among First Year College Students, 2000-2002
Authors: Flannery Diana , Ellingson Lyndall
Published: July 2019

Objective: To determine sexual risk behaviors among first semester college freshman during a three year period. Method: A sexual activity questionnaire was used to collect data from 778 students enrolled in an Introduction to University Life course. Results: Seventy-one percent of the students had engaged in intercourse, had a mean age of 18.2, a mean number of lifetime partners was 3.5, a mean age of first intercourse was 16.4, and a mean number of partners in the past 3 months was 1.3. Students had very low rates of reported STIs and over 60 percent used a condom the last time they had sex. Fifteen percent of first year college women and 16% of men had engaged in anal intercourse. Women who engaged in anal intercourse had first intercourse at a younger age, had a greater number of partners in the last 3 months, were happier with their body, and masturbated more. Men who had engaged in anal intercourse had first intercourse at a younger age, had a greater number of lifetime partners, had a greater number of partners in the last 3 months, and were happier with their body. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of expanding our understanding of sexual behaviors of first year college students and openly addressing anal intercourse as a part of the sexual repertoire of college men and women.
Social Influences and Smoking Behaviors among Four Asian American Subgroups
Authors: Ma Grace X. , Shive Steven E. , Toubbeh Jamil , Tan Yin , Zhao Shanyang
Published: July 2019

This study sought to identify the predictive power of social influences on smoking behavior among Asian American adults. A cross-sectional self-report survey method and stratified-cluster proportional sampling technique was used. The survey was conducted at the 26 randomly selected Asian American community organization locations in the Delaware Valley region. A sample of 1374 was recruited from 26 selected organizations and 1174 completed the survey with an average response rate of 83%. Social influences were measured by examining the predictive power of parental, other important family members’ and friends’ tobacco use prevalence on smoking behavior, and the perception of the number of people who smoke in the U.S. A Chi-Square test and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Current smoking father/brother, number of smoking friends, and gender were positively associated with current tobacco use. Asians who had an ever and current smoking father/brother and those who had current smoking friends were more likely to be current smokers. The youngest age group were more likely to be influenced by an ever and current smoking father/brother, by having close friends who smoke, and perceived the highest amount of peer pressure. The smoking rate was highest among the 22-45 age group. Successful smoking prevention and cessation programs designed for Asian Americans must take into consideration male parental tobacco use because it represents the primary source of learned behavior and this influence continues beyond adolescence
Development and Implementation of Health Surveys in Asian American Communities
Authors: Ma Grace X. , Shive Steven E. , Tan Yin , Ruzek Sheryl , Zhao Shanyang
Published: July 2019

The methodological, cultural, and research challenges associated with conducting surveys among community based Asian American (AA) organizations was explored. The cultural content and cultural conflict models were employed. Also discussed are the strategies that were adopted to conduct a comprehensive needs assessment survey of tobacco use and associated cancer risk among an AA population in the Delaware Valley region of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Research among AA populations pose data collection difficulties. These difficulties include gaining access to membership lists, language barriers, need for one-on-one explanation of survey items, reduced uniformity of conditions, the need to maintain confidentiality, and the need to establish trust with the members of the organization prior to gaining an invitation to conduct the survey and reluctance of AA to give personal information to researchers. Community methods included gaining trust of community leaders, and establishment of an Asian Community Cancer Coalition. A comprehensive questionnaire was translated into four Asian languages. Methods used to develop a reliable and valid survey are presented.
Early Detection Of Prostate Cancer Among Black And White In San Bernardino
Authors: Modeste Naomi N. , Fox Curtis , Cort Malcolm
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify attitudes toward prostate cancer, screening practices and deterrents to early detection and treatment among Black and White men 40 years and older residing in San Bernardino and Riverside, California. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire developed and pre-tested among similar participants in the study. Two hundred and fourteen men participated in the study, of which 75% were Black and 25% White. The majority (53%) was between the ages of 40-50 years, and 74% were married. The study found that there was very little difference in socioeconomic status between Whites and Blacks. Most (34%) had a college degree, but more Whites (92%) had a personal family physician than Blacks (77%), and slightly more Whites (62%) than Blacks (57%) said that prostate screening was done regularly. Findings from this study should aid in the design and development of culturally appropriate programs that will detect prostate cancer in this population at an earlier stage when treatment is more successful.
Condom Utilization Among Female Sex Workers in Thailand
Authors: Buckingham Robert , Meister Edward
Published: July 2019

Objective: To perform a small-scale rapid assessment of condom utilization rates among female sex workers (FSW) in various communities in Thailand, to distinguish condom utilization among FSW patrons by country of origin, and to assess the relevancy of constructs from the Health Belief Model in predicting FSW requesting condom utilization by their patrons. Methods: A convenience sampling approached was used among FSW in four cities of Thailand. Survey interviews were conducted in person by native speaking Thai graduate students from Mahidol University of Bangkok. Results: Approximately 70% of the FSW approached participated in the study, resulting in a sample size of 150. FSW requested condom use 63% of the time, while the overall mean proportion of condom use was 51%. Condom use by patrons by country of origin was as follows: Foreign Asian averaged 52%, Western averaged 76%, and local Thai averaged 27%. High levels of perceived fear of infection transmission from a patron, significantly predicted requesting patrons use a condom (Odd Ratio= 11.57, CI95% 4.37 to 30.63). Conclusion: This study found overall condom utilization was 51% among FSW, which is far below the 100% Condom Use goal advocated by the Thailand Ministry of Public Health imitative. Educational efforts need to be focused on the local Thai FSW patron who exhibited the lowest level of condom use. Educational messages may consider including elements of perceived susceptibility to sexbased infections since these perceptions had significant predictive utility in increasing condom use requests by the FSW.
Cultural Trauma, Hawaiian Spirituality, and Contemporary Health Status
Authors: Cook Bud Pomaika'i , Withy Kelley , Tarallo-Jensen Lucia
Published: July 2019

This article postulates a causative relationship between history and health status for the native people of the Hawaiian archipelago. In the last 225-years the native people of Hawai’i have undergone a series of striking changes in the expression of their culture and health status. The relationship of historical, social, and health status changes can now be studied to determine possible effects on health arising from cultural transformation. Changes the native culture experienced in the 18th and 19th centuries, especially highlighting modifications in local spirituality and gender roles, are recounted. Key incidents of dramatic and sudden cultural change reveal traumatological mechanisms sufficient in size that they may account for health disparities faced by Hawaiians today. For Hawaiians, these incidents of cultural trauma are postulated to have achieved a level of potency such that they may account for a significant factor effecting the health status of post-modern individuals and communities.
Providing Culturally Tailored Breast and Cervical Cancer Programs for Asian American and Pacific Islander Women
Authors: Fu Lisa , Macabeo Andrea , Matsunaga Doris Segal , Nguyen Tu-Uyen , Rezai Karen , Kagawa-Singer Marjorie
Published: July 2019

Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) women have low breast and cervical cancer (BCC) screening rates compared to other ethnic groups. However, there is a lack of culturally tailored programs designed to promote screening practices within AAPI communities. The CARE Program sought to reduce BCC morbidity and mortality rates among AAPI women by building the capacity of community health centers to deliver effective, culturally and linguistically appropriate screening programs in six different AAPI communities. This paper will (1) provide an overview of the CARE Program, (2) highlight a BCC screening program for a Filipino community in Hawaii, (3) present specific cultural tailoring strategies from the program, and (4) discuss program challenges and propose recommendations for future breast and cervical cancer interventions with Filipino communities in Hawaii.
Hawai'i WIC's Unique Breastfeeding Initiatives
Authors: Simmons Christina Shoemaker , Budhiraja Pratisha , Prince Cheryl B.
Published: July 2019

Hawai‘i has its own unique breastfeeding environment--breastfeeding initiation rates exceed national goals, yet breastfeeding duration decreases sharply after the first few weeks. This manuscript presents a review of three programs Hawai‘i Women, Infant’s and Children’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program (WIC) of the Hawai‘i Department of Health has instituted to increase the initiation and duration of breastfeeding among its participants. These three projects are: The Breast Pump Program and evaluation, The Nursing Drape Project, and the Pumps in the Schools Program. The WIC Breast Pump Program is an open system and accounts for women in a variety of work/school environments. Success in such a system is more challenging to determine; however, any documented changes in breastfeeding duration may be more significant than in a restricted setting. Consequently, WIC began an evaluation of its Breast Pump Program in 2002. Embarrassment has been shown to be a number one breastfeeding concern for WIC women across the nation so Hawai‘i WIC designed, created, distributed and evaluated their own nursing drape that is both culturally acceptable and inexpensive. Results of this project are presented along with cost saving and implications to other states. The goal of the Pumps in the Schools Program is to increase the teen breastfeeding prevalence and duration for WIC high school students by providing WIC purchased hospital grade electric breast pumps and placing them in a supportive classroom setting. The program serves to decrease at least one barrier to breastfeeding for these high-risk mothers. Hawai‘i WIC is tackling working and schooling issues, duration, and embarrassment about public breastfeeding. In essence, Hawai‘i is changing the image of WIC to be ‘the breastfeeding people’ instead of the ‘formula give-away program’.