bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Effective Chemoselective Esterification of Hydroxybenzoic Acids in Ionic Liquid Promoted by KF.
Authors: Biondini Daniele , Brinchi Lucia , Germani Raimondo , Savelli Gianfranco
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvent‐Dependent Benzylic Radical Bromination of Aromatic Sulfonyl Chlorides.
Authors: Gensini Martina , Battaglia Gianluca , Nannicini Rossano , Guerri Annalisa , Altamura Maria , Quartara Laura
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Ynamides (IV) from Formamides (I).
Authors: Brueckner David
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold‐Catalyzed Benzylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes.
Authors: Mertins Kristin , Iovel Irina , Kischel Jette , Zapf Alexander , Beller Matthias
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High Substrate/Catalyst Organocatalysis by a Chiral Broensted Acid for an Enantioselective Aza‐Ene‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Terada Masahiro , Machioka Kyoko , Sorimachi Keiichi
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of 2,3‐Dichloro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with Nitroarylamines.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Lei , Zheng Xiu‐Fang , Reiner John
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simple Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans via Reaction of Enolates of γ‐Chloroketones with Aldehydes.
Authors: Barbasiewicz Michal , Makosza Mieczyslaw
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Indium(I) Iodide as a Radical Initiator: Intramolecular Cyclization of Functionalized Bromo‐Alkynes to Substituted Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C. , Mandal Tanmay
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Synthesis of 2‐Nitroaryldifurylmethanes.
Authors: Tsiunchik F. A. , Abaev V. T. , Butin A. V.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Dimethoxycarbene—DMAD Zwitterion with 1,2‐Diones and Anhydrides: A Novel Synthesis of Highly Substituted Dihydrofurans and Spirodihydrofurans.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Deepthi Ani , Poonoth Manojkumar , Santhamma Bindu , Vellalath Sreekumar , Babu Beneesh Pattoorpady , Mohan Resmi , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Cyclic Dienamide Using Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Ene—Ynamide.
Authors: Mori Miwako , Wakamatsu Hideaki , Saito Nozomi , Sato Yukako , Narita Rie , Sato Yoshihiro , Fujita Reiko
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and SAR Studies of Diarylpyrrole Anticoccidial Agents.
Authors: Qian Xiaoxia , et al. et al.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Diastereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Spirocyclic Oxindoles Through Intramolecular Ullmann Coupling and Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroshi , Okawa Yoichiro , Nakazaki Atsuo , Kobayashi Susumu
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3‐(Arylmethylene)isoindolin‐1‐ones from Ynamides by Heck—Suzuki—Miyaura Domino Reactions. Application to the Synthesis of Lennoxamine.
Authors: Couty Sylvain , Liegault Benoit , Meyer Christophe , Cossy Janine
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of New Tetrahydronaphthalene‐Indole Derivatives as Retinoid and Melatonin Analogues.
Authors: Ates‐Alagoz Zeynep , Coban Tulay , Buyukbingol Erdem
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Construction of Benzene Ring in Carbazoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed endo‐Mode Oxidative Cyclization of 3‐(3′‐Alkenyl)indoles.
Authors: Kong Aidi , Han Xiuling , Lu Xiyan
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Ethyl Esters of 6‐Aryl‐5‐cyano‐2,4‐dioxo‐3‐azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane‐1‐carboxylic Acid, Based on a Modified Reformatsky Reaction.
Authors: Shchepin V. V. , Silaychev P. S.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation of Thiohydantoins from Amino Acids under Acylation Conditions.
Authors: Reyes Samuel , Burgess Kevin
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Preparation of Substituted 5‐Aminooxazoles via a Microwave‐Assisted Cornforth Rearrangement.
Authors: Nolt M. Brad , Smiley Mark A. , Varga Sandor L. , McClain Ray T. , Wolkenberg Scott E. , Lindsley Craig W.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Activity of 1,3‐Dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (DBH) in the One‐Pot Transformation of N‐Arylglycines to N‐Arylsydnones in the Presence of NaNO2/Ac2O under Neutral Conditions: Subsequent Bromination of these Sydnones to Their 4‐Bromo Derivatives.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Ghasemnejad‐Bosra Hassan
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Lewis Base‐Catalyzed Hetero Diels—Alder Reaction Between Aldehydes and the Danishefsky′s Diene.
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Kitazawa Takayuki , Fujisawa Hidehiko
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Enantioselective Three‐Component Hetero‐[4 + 2] Cycloaddition/Allylboration Approach to α‐Hydroxyalkyl Pyrans: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanistic Proposal.
Authors: Gao Xuri , Hall Dennis G. , Deligny Michael , Favre Annaick , Carreaux Francois , Carboni Bertrand
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Aryl‐ and 4‐Vinyl‐2,2‐dialkyl‐3‐chromenes from Tertiary 3‐(o‐Bromophenyl)propynols via a Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation/Hydrovinylation—Cyclization Sequence.
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Marinelli Fabio , Verdecchia Mirella
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3‐(4‐Phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)chromones.
Authors: Shokol T. V. , Turov V. A. , Turov A. V. , Krivokhizha N. V. , Semenyuchenko V. V. , Khilya V. P.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydropyridin‐2‐ones with Trimethylsilyldiazomethane: A Facile and Selective Synthesis of 2‐Aza‐3‐oxobicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes.
Authors: Sharma Vishal B. , Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation of Bispyridyl Derivatives During the Kost—Sagitullin Rearrangement.
Authors: Danagulyan G. G. , Tadevosyan D. A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Unexpected Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Bis‐Hydroxy Allylic Alcohols to Dioxabicylo[2.2.2]octanes.
Authors: Zawisza Anna , Sinou Denis
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones Using Hydrochloric Acid‐β‐cyclodextrin‐Combined Catalysts.
Authors: Zhou Haixia , He Miao , Liu Chunsheng , Luo Genxiang
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel 3‐(Alkylcarbamoyl)‐2‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydro‐6,7‐ (methylenedioxy)‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐ones as Anticonvulsant Agents.
Authors: Micale Nicola , Postorino Giovanna , Grasso Silvana , Zappala Maria , Zuccala Giuseppe , Ferreri Guido , De Sarro Giovambattista
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Methoxyselenenylation of Chiral 2‐Vinyl Perhydro‐1,3‐benzoxazines Promoted by Selenium‐Heteroatom Nonbonded Interactions.
Authors: Pedrosa Rafael , Andres Celia , Arias Raquel , Mendiguchia Pilar , Nieto Javier
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Identification of Cytotoxic, T‐Cell‐Selective 1,4‐Benzodiazepine‐2,5‐diones.
Authors: Francis Tasha M. , Sundberg Thomas B. , Cleary Joanne , Groendyke Todd , Opipari Anthony W. Jr. , Glick Gary D.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aminomethylation of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydropyridine‐6‐thiolates: A Novel Approach to Synthesis of 3,7‐Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Derivatives.
Authors: Dotsenko V. V. , Krivokolysko S. G. , Litvinov V. P.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carbonyl‐Containing Spirodihydrofurans in Reactions with Ammonium Acetate and Hydrazine Hydrate.
Authors: Fedotova O. V. , Skuratova M. I. , Reshetov P. V. , Panov M. A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Tellurium‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 25. 1‐Allylation of 2‐Benzotelluropyrylium Salts and 2‐Benzoselenopyrylium Salts by Means of Allyltin Reagents.
Authors: Ohyanagi Kazuo , Sashida Haruki
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses and Synthetic Applications of Stannylated Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Kazmaier Uli , Lucas Simon , Klein Manuela
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Taxoid from the Needles of the Himalayan Yew Taxus wallichiana with Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Activities.
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sunil K. , Pal Anirban , Maulik Prakas R. , Kaur Tanpreet , Garg Ankur , Khanuja Suman Preet S.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Jaspolides A—F, Six New Isomalabricane‐Type Terpenoids from the Sponge Jaspis sp.
Authors: Tang Shengan , Pei Yuehu , Fu Hongzheng , Deng Zhiwei , Li Jun , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nebularic Acids and Nebularilactones, Novel Drimane Sesquiterpenoids from the Fungus Lepista nebularis.
Authors: Wangun Hilaire V. Kemami , Doerfelt Heinrich , Hertweck Christian
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Bicyclic Core of Tagetitoxin.
Authors: Plet Julien R. H. , Porter Michael J.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two New C19‐Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum hemsleyanium var. circinacum.
Authors: Gao Feng , Chen Dong‐Lin , Wang Feng‐Peng
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two New Xanthones from the Stems of Garcinia cowa.
Authors: Shen Jie , Yang Jun‐Shan
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Afzeliixanthones A and B, Two New Prenylated Xanthones from Garcinia afzelii Engl. (Guttiferae).
Authors: Kamdem Waffo Alain Francois , Mulholland Dulcie , Wansi Jean Duplex , Mbaze Luc Meva'a , Powo Robert , Mpondo Theophile Ngando , Fomum Zacharias Tanee , Koenig Wilfried , Nkengfack Augustin Ephrem.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Symmetrical 1,5‐Diamidoanthraquinone Derivatives as Compared to Their Disubstituted Homologues.
Authors: Huang Hsu‐Shan , Chiu Hui‐Fen , Tao Chi‐Wei , Chen In‐Been
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three New Lignans, Longipedunins A—C, from Kadsura longipedunculata and Their Inhibitory Activity Against HIV‐1 Protease.
Authors: Sun Quan‐Zhong , Chen Dao‐Feng , Ding Pei‐Lan , Ma Chao‐Mei , Kakuda Hiroko , Nakamura Norio , Hattori Masao
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure Motifs of Sodium Stannides on the Tin‐Rich Side of the Phase Diagram
Authors: Faessler Thomas F.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Theoretical Modeling of Zeolite Catalysis: Nitrogen Oxide Catalysis over Metal‐Exchanged Zeolites
Authors: McMillan Scott A. , Broadbelt Linda J. , Snurr Randall Q.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalysis of Electron Transfer Reactions at Mineral Surfaces
Authors: Schoonen Martin A. , Strongin Daniel R.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Optical Processing with Photochromic Switches
Authors: Raymo Francisco M. , Tomasulo Massimiliano
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Cycloaddition Strategy for the Synthesis of Natural Products Containing Carbocyclic Seven‐Membered Rings
Authors: Battiste Merle A. , Pelphrey Phillip M. , Wright Dennis L.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Nitroso Diels—Alder Reactions
Authors: Yamamoto Yuhei , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acyl Anion Synthons: Benzotriazole Stabilized Compared to Classical
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Kirichenko Kostyantyn
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functionalized Fluorinated Allenes
Authors: Hammond Gerald B.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Aspect of Fluoroalkylated Acetylenes: Synthesis and Applications — Hydrometalation and Carbometalation
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Ishihara Takashi
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Reductive Decyanation Reaction: Chemical Methods and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Mattalia Jean‐Marc , Marchi‐Delapierre Caroline , Hazimeh Hassan , Chanon Michel
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Self‐Assembly of Hybrid Fluorous Materials
Authors: Metrangolo Pierangelo , Pilati Tullio , Resnati Giuseppe
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Male Erectile Disorder: Attaining Selectivity versus PDE6
Authors: Pissarnitski Dmitri
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Capabilities, Limitations and Challenges of a Simplified PC‐SAFT Equation of State
Authors: von Solms Nicolas , Kouskoumvekaki Irene A. , Michelsen Michael L. , Kontogeorgis Georgios M.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Toward Development of Activity Coefficient Models for Process and Product Design of Complex Chemical Systems
Authors: Chen Chau‐Chyun
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iron Corrolates: Unambiguous Chloroiron(III) (Corrolate)2‐ π‐Cation Radicals
Authors: Walker F. Ann , Licoccia Silvia , Paolesse Roberto
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Modeling the Liquid—Liquid Equilibrium for the Recovery of Carboxylic Acids from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Maurer Gerd
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sudden blast crisis in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia who achieved complete cytogenetic remission after imatinib therapy
Authors: Alimena Giuliana , Breccia Massimo , Latagliata Roberto , Carmosino Ida , Russo Eleonora , Biondo Francesca , Diverio Daniela , Mancini Marco , Nanni Mauro , Mandelli Franco
Published: July 2006

BACKGROUND.

Most patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP) who receive treatment with imatinib achieve complete cytogenetic remission (CCR), which is correlated tightly with long‐term progression‐free survival. In these patients, the occurrence of blastic crisis (BC) is rare, and its clinical biologic characteristics are not well known.

METHODS.

Among 164 patients who received imatinib and were followed for a median of 35 months, 11 patients (6.7%) developed a BC; this was sudden (i.e., it occurred within 3 months of a documented CCR) in 6 patients (54.5%). Those patients were analyzed with respect to their clinical and biologic features and were compared with previous reports.

RESULTS.

At the time of diagnosis, there were 3 low‐risk patients and 3 intermediate‐risk patients; 4 patients had received pretreatment with interferon, and 2 patients received only imatinib. The median CP was 18 months, and the median duration of imatinib therapy was 7 months. The median time to CCR was 3 months, and the median time from CCR to BC was 4 months. BC phenotype was lymphoid in 2 patients, myeloid in 3 patients (including 2 patients who had extramedullary localization), and biclonal in 1 patient. Karyotype evolution was detected in 4 patients, whereas a Ph‐positive/Ph‐negative mosaicism was evident in all 6 patients. One patient presented an M351T mutation. The overall median survival was 3 months.

CONCLUSIONS.

Sudden BC generally is an uncommon phenomenon that may be relatively frequent in patients with CML who receive imatinib. Clinical and biologic features also seem to characterize this peculiar type of abrupt disease evolution, which intervenes in patients' response to this drug. Close monitoring of disease markers and full disease eradication are warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Proton Mobility in 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Dichlorobenzenes: “ortho” or “meta” Metalation?
Authors: Schlosser Manfred , Heiss Christophe , Marzi Elena , Scopelliti Rosario
Published: July 2006

Nine 1,3‐dichlorobenzene congeners were selected as model compounds to assess the relative rates of proton abstraction from 4‐ and 5‐positions (“ortho” vs. “meta” metalation). Using lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide as the basic reagent, the chlorine‐adjacent 4‐position underwent metalation exclusively. In contrast, attack at the chlorine‐remote 5‐position became significant even in the case of moderately sized 2‐substituents (such as dimethylamino or ethyl) when sec‐butyllithium was employed. The “ortho/para” (4‐/5‐) ratios ranged from 80:20 to 65:35. The more pronounced “meta‐orienting” effect of silicon as opposed to carbon substituents can be attributed to dissimilarities in the π polarization of the aromatic ring.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on DNA damage and development of urothelial tumors in a mouse bladder carcinogenesis model
Authors: Bidinotto Lucas Tadeu , Spinardi‐Barbisan Ana Lúcia Tozzi , Rocha Noeme Sousa , Salvadori Daisy Maria Fávero , Barbisan Luís Fernando
Published: July 2006

Extracts of the spice ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) are rich in gingerols and shogaols, which exhibit antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antifungal, antimycobacterial, and anticarcinogenic proprieties. The present study evaluated the chemoprotective effects of a ginger extract on the DNA damage and the development of bladder cancer induced by N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxibutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)/N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) in male Swiss mice. Groups G1–G3 were given 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 18 weeks and four i.p. injections of 30 mg/kg body weight MNU at 1, 3, 10, and 18 weeks. Group G4 and G5 received only the BBN or MNU treatments, respectively, and groups G6 and G7 were not treated with BBN or MNU. Additionally, Groups G2, G3, and G6 were fed diets containing 1, 2, and 2% ginger extract, respectively, while Groups G1, G4, G5, and G7 were fed basal diet. Samples of peripheral blood were collected during the experiment for genotoxicity analysis; blood collected 4 hr after each MNU dose was used for the analysis of DNA damage with the Comet assay (assay performed on leukocytes from all groups), while reticulocytes collected 24 hr after the last MNU treatment of Groups G5–G7 were used for the micronucleus assay. At the end of the experiment, the urinary bladder was removed, fixed, and prepared for histopathological, cell proliferation, and apoptosis evaluations. Ginger by itself was not genotoxic, and it did not alter the DNA damage levels induced by the BBN/MNU treatment during the course of the exposure. The incidence and multiplicity of simple and nodular hyperplasia and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) were increased by the BBN/MNU treatment, but dietary ginger had no significant effect on these responses. However, in Group G2 (BBN/MNU/2% ginger‐treated group), there was an increased incidence of Grade 2 TCC. The results suggest that ginger extract does not inhibit the development of BBN‐induced mouse bladder tumors. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional analysis of gammaretroviral vector transduction by quantitative PCR
Authors: Meza N. W. , Puyet A. , Pérez‐Benavente S. , Quintana‐Bustamante O. , Diez A. , Bueren J. A. , Segovia J. C. , Bautista J. M.
Published: July 2006

Background

In a clinical setting of gene therapy, quantitative methods are required to determine recombinant viral titres and transgene mRNA expression, avoiding the use of reporter genes.

Methods

We describe procedures based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) designed to assess functional titres of murine leukaemia virus (MLV) vectors, determine proviral copy numbers in transduced cells, and estimate retroviral transgene expression in both target cell lines and mice with transduced chimeric haematopoiesis.

Results

Compared to EGFP titration, proviral DNA detection by qPCR was more accurate in assessing the number of infective particles in supernatants, such that average viral titres in terms of proviral copies per cell were two‐fold higher. Transgene mRNA expression was directly determined from the vectors used without the need for reporter assays. A new parameter, defined here as the ‘transcription index’ (TI), served to establish the association between transcribed transgenic mRNA and each proviral insertion. The TI represents the potential expression of every vector or insertion in each cell type, and is thus useful as a control parameter for monitoring preclinical or clinical protocols.

Conclusions

The practical use of qPCR is demonstrated as a valuable alternative to reporter genes for the assessment and surveillance of insertion numbers and transgene expression. In combination with protein expression, this approach should be capable of establishing safer therapeutic gene doses, avoiding the potential side effects of high transduction and expression levels. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Faster flow quantification using sensitivity encoding for velocity‐encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging: In vitro and in vivo validation
Authors: Prakash Ashwin , Garg Ruchira , Marcus Edward N. , Reynolds Glenn , Geva Tal , Powell Andrew J.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To test the agreement between conventional and sensitivity‐encoded (SENSE) velocity encoded cine (VEC) MRI in a flow phantom and in subjects with congenital and acquired heart disease.

Materials and Methods

Flow measurements were performed in a 1.5 T scanner using a segmented k‐space VEC MRI sequence and then repeated with a SENSE factor of 2. The flow phantom used a piston pump to generate physiologic arterial waveforms (0.5–4.9 L/min). In the subjects, flow measurements were performed in the ascending aorta (N = 33) and/or the main pulmonary artery (N = 24).

Results

Utilization of SENSE reduced the scan time by 50%. In the phantom, measurements without and with SENSE agreed closely with a mean difference of 0.01 ± 0.08 L/min or 0.12% ± 3.8% (P = 0.68). In the subjects, measurements without and with SENSE also agreed closely with a mean difference of 0.08 ± 0.36 L/min or 1.3% ± 7.2% (P = 0.08). Compared with standard imaging, the use of SENSE reduced the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) by 28% in the phantom (N = 10) and 27% in vivo (N = 22).

Conclusion

VEC MRI flow measurements with a SENSE factor of 2 were twice as fast and agreed closely with the conventional technique in vitro and in vivo. VEC MRI with SENSE can be used for rapid and reliable quantification of blood flow. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved turbo spin‐echo imaging of the heart with motion‐tracking
Authors: Keegan Jennifer , Gatehouse Peter D. , Prasad Sanjay K. , Firmin David N.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To improve dark‐blood and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) prepared turbo spin‐echo (TSE) imaging of the heart, particularly in the basal short‐axis plane where cardiac misregistration between the preparation and imaging phases is high.

Materials and Methods

In the first approach (tracked), the basal short‐axis plane was labeled and tracked over the cardiac cycle. The slice‐selective 180° dark‐blood and STIR preparation pulses were then independently positioned on the appropriately timed labeled images. In the second approach (offset), the preparation pulses were output in the same orientation as the imaging plane, but with a user‐defined slice offset that was derived from the labeled data. Both approaches were compared with the standard untracked dark‐blood STIR TSE sequence (7‐mm slice thickness) in 10 healthy volunteers.

Results

For typical preparation slice thicknesses, tracked and offset TSE images were superior to the untracked images (both P < 0.01). For the more mobile right ventricle (RV), the image quality of the tracked images was superior to that of the offset images (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Tracking the through‐plane motion of the heart between preparation and imaging phases improves the quality of thin‐slice basal short‐axis TSE images, particularly for the more mobile RV. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D MR sialography protocol for postradiotherapy follow‐up of the salivary duct system
Authors: Astreinidou Eleftheria , Raaymakers Cornelis P.J. , Roesink Judith M. , Terhaard Chris H.J. , Lagendijk Jan J.W. , Bartels Lambertus W.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To develop and evaluate an MR sialography protocol that reproducibly images the parotid and submandibular ducts over time, in 3D. Such a protocol is needed in order to investigate the possible radiation‐induced changes to the salivary ducts in patients receiving radiotherapy to the head‐and‐neck.

Materials and Methods

MR sialography was performed on a 1.5‐T MR scanner. Sequence parameters were optimized on 11 healthy volunteers. A 3D water‐selective turbo spin echo (TSE) pulse sequence (TR/TE = 6000 msec/190 msec), using a two‐element circular surface coil was applied twice in one MR session. In order to assess the reproducibility, the same procedure was repeated four to six months later. The quality of the MR sialograms was measured subjectively by developing a visibility scoring system and objectively by the means of contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of the ducts vs. fat (CNRduct‐fat).

Results

High‐quality, 3D MR sialographic images were obtained. The quality of the MR sialograms and the subjective visibility score of the salivary ducts were constant over time. The CNRduct‐fat varied between volunteers (standard deviation, SD 26%) but it was relatively constant per volunteer (SD 5%).

Conclusion

The MR sialography protocol presented in this study provides good quality 3D imaging of the major salivary ducts, submandibular duct, and the parotid duct and it can be used for the comparison of the salivary duct system of an individual over time. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in tumor‐bearing rats and mice with inversion recovery TrueFISP and two contrast agents at 4.7 T
Authors: Weidensteiner Claudia , Rausch Martin , McSheehy Paul M.J. , Allegrini Peter R.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To characterize tumor vascularization by dynamic‐contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI using low and medium molecular weight paramagnetic contrast agents (CA) and inversion recovery (IR) true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) in tumor‐bearing rats and mice.

Materials and Methods

T1 mapping was performed using IR True FISP in phantoms and in vivo at 4.7 T and validated with a segmented IR gradient‐echo (IR GE) method. CA concentration in DCE‐MRI studies in vivo was calculated from time‐series T1 maps using the CAs GdDOTA and P792 (low and medium molecular weight, respectively). Standard vascular input functions (VIFs) were measured in the jugular veins and were used for modeling of the CA kinetics with a two‐compartment model. In rat breast tumors, vascular permeability (transfer constant Ktrans), fractional plasma volume vp, and fractional leakage space ve were quantified and parametric maps were generated.

Results

The IR TrueFISP T1 was slightly underestimated in phantoms and overestimated in vivo (10%) with respect to IR GE. VIFs showed only small interindividual variation. Mean Ktrans values were 0.062 ± 0.017 min–1 for GdDOTA and 0.015 ± 0.005 min–1 for P792 (N = 12). Mean ve and vp values were 0.15 ± 0.04 (0.09 ± 0.03) and 0.04 ± 0.01 (0.03 ± 0.01) for GdDOTA (P792).

Conclusion

DCE‐MRI with IR TrueFISP provided absolute values for Ktrans, vp, and ve. Direct comparison between GdDOTA and P792 revealed significant differences in the VIF, model‐fit‐quality, permeability, leakage space, and plasma volume. The larger molecular weight CA P792 appears to be better for measuring tumor vascular parameters. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of proteasome and Shaggy/Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β kinase prevents clearance of phosphorylated tau in Drosophila
Authors: Blard Olivier , Frébourg Thierry , Campion Dominique , Lecourtois Magalie
Published: July 2006

Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the presence of intraneuronal filamentous inclusions of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein. In AD brains, it has been shown that the level of abnormally phosphorylated tau is higher than in age‐matched control brains, suggesting that abnormally phosphorylated tau is resistant to degradation. By using a Drosophila model of tauopathy, we studied the relationship between tau phosphorylation and degradation. We showed that in vivo reduction of proteasome activity results in an accumulation of high‐molecular‐weight forms of hyperphosphorylated tau. We also found that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β‐mediated hyperphosphorylated forms of tau are degradable by the proteasomal machinery. Unexpectedly, GSK‐3β inactivation resulted in a very large accumulation of high‐molecular‐weight species consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau, suggesting that, depending on the kinase(s) involved, tau phosphorylation state affects its degradation differently. We thus propose a model for tauopathies in which, depending on toxic challenges (e.g., oxidative stress, exposure to amyloid peptide, etc.), abnormal phosphorylation of tau by kinases distinct from GSK‐3β leads to progressive accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau oligomers that are resistant to degradation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implicit consumer preferences and their influence on product choice
Authors: Friese Malte , Wänke Michaela , Plessner Henning
Published: July 2006

Recent theories in social psychology assume that people may have two different attitudes toward an object at the same time—one that is explicit and corresponds with deliberative behavior, and one that is implicit and corresponds with spontaneous behavior. The research presented in this article tested this assumption in the consumer domain with an experimental approach. Participants whose explicit and implicit preferences regarding generic food products and well‐known food brands were incongruent were more likely to choose the implicitly preferred brand over the explicitly preferred one when choices were made under time pressure. The opposite was the case when they had ample time to make their choice. On the basis of these results, the discussion stresses the importance of impulsive behavior and implicit measures for research in the area of consumer behavior. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Some extensions of the improved modified Gauss–Seidel iterative method for H‐matrices
Authors: Sun Li‐Ying
Published: July 2006

In this paper, first we present a convergence theorem of the improved modified Gauss–Seidel iterative method, referred to as the IMGS method, for H‐matrices and compare the range of parameters αi with that of the parameter ω of the SOR iterative method. Then with a more general splitting, the convergence analysis of this method for an H‐matrix and its comparison matrix is given. The spectral radii of them are also compared. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal abnormalities leading to termination of singleton pregnancy: the 7‐year experience of a single medical center
Authors: Vaknin Zvi , Ben‐Ami Ido , Reish Orit , Herman Arie , Maymon Ron
Published: July 2006

Objective

To assess the distribution of fetal indications leading to termination of pregnancy (TOP) in our institute.

Methods

All pregnant women with singleton pregnancies who underwent TOP due to fetal abnormalities in our institute between January, 1998 and December, 2004 were divided between early TOP (<23 weeks' gestation) and late TOP (≥23 weeks' gestation).

Results

There were 328 (71%) and 134 (29%) early and late TOPs, respectively. The TOPs were performed at a mean gestational age of 20.1 ± 4.8 weeks. The groups varied significantly in the indications for TOP (p = 0.04), which were primarily structural abnormalities (mostly CNS) followed by chromosomal/genetic defects. Fetal structural abnormalities were more common in the late TOP group (62.7% vs 54.2%) while chromosomal‐genetic defects were more common in the early TOP group (40% vs 29.1%, respectively). Fetal infection (mostly cytomegalovirus) was similar (∼4%) for both groups. The early TOP group had significantly more hydrops, gastrointestinal, face and neck abnormalities, while the late TOP group had significantly more cardiovascular abnormalities (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The impact of early chromosomal/genetic screening contributes to early TOPs, while midgestation anomaly and cardiac scanning significantly contribute to late TOPs. Fetal infection contributes equally to both categories of TOPs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of glycogen storage disease type IV
Authors: Akman H. Orhan , Karadimas Charalampos , Gyftodimou Yolanda , Grigoriadou Maria , Kokotas Haris , Konstantinidou Anastasia , Anninos Hector , Patsouris Efstratios , Thaker Harshwardhan M. , Kaplan Jeffrey B. , Besharat Isaam , Hatzikonstantinou Konstantina , Fotopoulos Spyridon , DiMauro Salvatore , Petersen Michael B.
Published: July 2006

Background

Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD‐IV) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in the GBE1 gene causing deficiency of the glycogen branching enzyme (GBE). Prenatal diagnosis has occasionally been performed by the measurement of the GBE activity in cultured chorionic villi (CV) cells.

Methods

Two unrelated probands with severe hypotonia at birth and death during the neonatal period were diagnosed with GSD‐IV on the basis of postmortem histological findings. DNA analysis revealed truncating GBE1 mutations in both families.

Results

Prenatal diagnosis was performed in subsequent pregnancies by determination of branching enzyme activity and DNA analysis of CV or cultured amniocytes. Detailed autopsies of the affected fetuses at 14 and 24 weeks of gestation demonstrated intracellular inclusions of abnormal glycogen characteristic of GSD‐IV.

Conclusion

Prenatal diagnosis of GSD‐IV by DNA analysis is highly accurate in genetically confirmed cases. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The association between preeclampsia and placental trisomy 16 mosaicism
Authors: Yong Paul J. , Langlois Sylvie , Dadelszen Peter von , Robinson Wendy
Published: July 2006

Background

Prenatally diagnosed trisomy 16 mosaicism is associated with the increased risk of poor pregnancy outcome including intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine death and fetal malformation. While maternal preeclampsia has also been reported in some cases, this has not been systematically evaluated.

Methods

To better define the risk of preeclampsia and the clinical course of preeclampsia in these pregnancies and to identify associated clinical variables, we reviewed 25 cases of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 16 mosaicism for which molecular studies were undertaken and sufficient obstetrical data were present to include/exclude the diagnosis of preeclampsia.

Results

Six of 25 (24%) mosaic trisomy 16 cases exhibited preeclampsia as compared to 3 of 44 (7%) matched controls. There were no differences between those mosaic trisomy 16 cases presenting with preeclampsia and those that did not, in terms of the presence/absence of UPD, IUGR, malformation, or trisomy on amniocentesis. Four of the 6 (67%) preeclampsia‐associated fetuses were male, compared with only 4 of 19 (21%) (p = 0.06) nonpreeclampsia case fetuses, and three of these also had hypospadias. The levels of trisomy tended to be high in placentas associated with preeclampsia; however very high levels of placental trisomy were also often seen in the absence of preeclampsia.

Conclusion

As it is impossible to predict which subset of cases is at highest risk, all women receiving a prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 16 mosaicism should be closely monitored for signs of preeclampsia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free volume microprobe studies on poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(vinyl chloride)/polystyrene blends
Authors: Kumaraswamy G.N. , Ranganathaiah C.
Published: July 2006

Blends of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/Polystyrene (PS) of different compositions were prepared by solution casting technique. The blends were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy. DSC data were found to be inadequate to describe whether PMMA/PVC blends are miscible or not, possibly because of the small gap in their glass transition temperatures. On the other hand, PVC/PS blends were clearly found to be immiscible by DSC. FTIR results for PMMA/PVC indicate the possible interactions between the carbonyl group of PMMA and α‐hydrogen of PVC. Free volume data derived from Positron lifetime measurements showed that the PMMA/PVC blends to be miscible in low PVC concentration domain. For the first time, the authors have evaluated the hydrodynamic interaction parameter α, advocated by Wolf and Schnell, Polymer, 42, 8599 (2001), to take into account the friction between the component molecules using the free volume data. This parameter (α) has a high value (−57) at 10 wt% of PVC, which could be taken to read miscibility for PMMA/PVC blends to be high. In the case of PVC/PS blends, the positron results fully support the DSC data to conclude the blends to be immiscible throughout the range of concentration. As expected, the hydrodynamic interaction parameter α does not show any change throughout the concentration in PVC/PS blends, further supporting the idea that α is another suitable parameter in the miscibility study of polymer blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:1231–1241, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers