bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Artificial Intelligence Models for Estimating Rate of Penetration in East Baghdad Field, Middle Iraq
Authors: Shaker Teeba Jamal , Hadi Farqad Ali
Published: March 2022

It is well known that the rate of penetration is a key function for drilling engineers since it is directly related to the final well cost, thus reducing the non-productive time is a target of interest for all oil companies by optimizing the drilling processes or drilling parameters. These drilling parameters include mechanical (RPM, WOB, flow rate, SPP, torque and hook load) and travel transit time. The big challenge prediction is the complex interconnection between the drilling parameters so artificial intelligence techniques have been conducted in this study to predict ROP using operational drilling parameters and formation characteristics. In the current study, three AI techniques have been used which are neural network, fuzzy inference system and genetic algorithm. An offset field data was collected from mud logging and wire line log from East Baghdad oil field south region to build the AI models, including datasets of two wells: well 1 for AI modeling and well 2 for validation of the obtained results. The types of interesting formations are sandstone and shale (Nahr Umr and Zubair formations). Nahr Umr and Zubair formations are medium –harder. The prediction results obtained from this study showed that the ANN technique can predict the ROP with high efficiency as well as FIS technique could achieve reliable results in predicting ROP, but GA technique has shown a lower efficiency in predicting ROP. The correlation coefficient and RMSE were two criteria utilized to evaluate and estimate the performance ability of AI techniques in predicting ROP and comparing the obtained results. In the Nahr Umr and Zubair formations, the obtained correlation coefficient values for training processes of ANN, FIS and GA were 0.94, 0.93, and 0.76 respectively. Data sets from another well (well 2) in the same field of interest were utilized to validate of the developed models. Datasets of well 2 were conducted against sandstone and shale formations (Nahr Umr and Zubair formations). The results revealed a good matching between the actual rate of penetration values and the predicted ROP values using two artificial intelligence techniques (neural network, and fuzzy inference technique). In contrast, the genetic algorithm model showed overestimation/ underestimation of the rate of penetration against sandstone and shale formations. This means that the optimum prediction of rate of penetration can be obtained from neural network model rather than using genetic algorithm and genetic algorithm techniques. The developed model can be successfully used to predict the rate of penetration and optimize the drilling parameters, achieving reduce the cost and time of future wells that will be drilled in the East Baghdad Iraqi oil field.
Modelo de transferencia de conocimiento a comunidades rurales desde el quehacer y formación universitaria en economía
Authors: Palacios Pablo Rijalba
Published: March 2022

Transferir conocimiento hacia espacios comunitarios desde el quehacer universitario ha centrado la atención de quienes buscan fortalecer el vínculo universidad-sociedad. Este trabajo presenta un modelo para gestionar la transferencia de conocimiento a comunidades rurales (MGTCCR), a partir de la experiencia de la Facultad de Economía-Universidad Nacional de Piura en tres años de responsabilidad social universitaria. Bajo la propuesta que, en los espacios comunitarios no solo existen problemas sino también soluciones, se reconoce que los saberes previos, el fortalecimiento de capacidades y la participación colaborativa, contribuyen a mejorar la condición de vida y facilitan la tercera gran misión de la universidad: transferir conocimiento.
Inhibición de la corrosión del acero 1018 en medio salino por Curcuma longa
Authors: Díaz German Chávez , Cisneros Maria Guadalupe Valladares , Chavarín J. Uruchurtu
Published: March 2022

En el presente trabajo se evaluaron dos extractos de Curcuma longa (C. longa) como inhibidores verdes de la corrosión del acero al carbono 1018 inmerso en una solución de cloruro de sodio al 3% (p/v) mediante técnicas electroquímicas. Las eficiencias de inhibición se determinaron por Curvas de Polarización Potenciodinámica (CPP) y Espectroscopia de Impedancia Electroquímica (EIE). La velocidad de corrosión, el tiempo de residencia y las isotermas de adsorción del inhibidor verde se estimaron para el extracto de mejor eficiencia de inhibición (EI). El empleó de 20 ppm del extracto metanólico de C. longa mostró un 93.68 % de eficiencia de inhibición mediante la técnica de EIE, y la velocidad de corrosión se redujo hasta dos órdenes de magnitud, el procesamiento de los datos experimentales se ajustaron a la isoterma de Langmuir, a través de la cual se determinó que el inhibidor verde tiene un comportamiento de tipo mixto. Este trabajo demuestra que C. longa tiene potencial de aplicación como inhibidor verde de la corrosión del acero al carbono 1018 en medio salino.
Caracterización química y clasificación mediante el sucs, de los suelos presentes en el Municipio de Campeche, México
Authors: Berzunza Carlos Manuel Buenfil , Ochoa Ernesto García , Novelo Francisco Antonio Balán , García Lizbeth Guadalupe García , Hernández José Gregorio Choza , Flores José Luis Pacheco , D. Joseph , Cephard , Quijano Juan de Dios Kú
Published: March 2022

En el Sector agrícola así como en la Industria de la construcción, se requiere conocer las características de los suelos en donde se realizarán cultivos o se desplantará una estructura, y aun cuando es necesario un estudio en profundidad del sitio, es preciso conocer, al menos, las características físico químicas básicas así como clasificar los tipos de suelo existente acorde a algunos criterios como puede ser el Sistema de clasificación unificado de los suelos (SUCS). El presente estudio se limitó al Municipio de Campeche, Campeche en donde la representación de las componentes geotécnicas de la zona urbana se hace cada día más importante por encontrarse en crecimiento así como la presencia de amenazas naturales. Se efectuó el muestro correspondiente y se aplicaron las técnicas para su caracterización y clasificación. Es conveniente contar con estudios de zonificación que apoyen a la planificación de su desarrollo y a considerar los usos de suelo acordes a la ubicación geográfica.
Serviço de Psicologia Escolar na rede municipal de educação de Fortaleza (CE): primeiros resultados
Authors: Lima Edgar Nogueira , Marinho Iasmin Costa
Published: March 2022

Apresentamos os primeiros resultados do processo de implantação do Serviço de Psicologia Escolar na rede municipal de educação de Fortaleza (CE). A experiência iniciada em 2020, visa o cumprimento da Lei federal nº 13.935/2019 que dispõe sobre a prestação de serviços de psicologia escolar e assistência social na rede pública de educação básica. Enquanto percurso metodológico de análise, utilizou-se a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, recorrendo às bases de implantação do SPE na rede, bem como, dados de acompanhamento divulgados pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação. Gestores escolares encontraram, nos atendimentos, oportunidade de escuta sensível às suas demandas emocionais e profissionais; ampliou-se a articulação da rede municipal com outras instituições; criou-se documentação pedagógica de acompanhamento e monitoramento do SPE. A implantação desse serviço caracteriza-se como uma política pública de psicologia escolar, de caráter inovador.
Clinical Pharmacology of Spironolactone
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Negelle Health Science College, Ethiopia, Beredac Gudisa
Published: March 2022

Spironolactone and two of its metabolites (7a-thiomethyl-spironolactone) and canrenone are aldosterone antagonists that bind to cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptors in the distal tubules of the kidney and promote sodium and water excretion as well as potassium retention. Spironolactone, after oral tablet intake, reaches a maximum concentration in 2.6 hrs and an active metabolite (canrenone) reaches a maximum concentration in 4.3 hrs. When taken with food, its bioavailability increases to ~95%. Spironolactone has a half-life of 1.6 hrs, while its metabolite, canrenone, has a half-life of 16.5 hrs, thus prolonging the biological effects of spironolactone. Spironolactone and eplerenone compete with aldosterone for binding to intracellular receptors, causing decreased gene expression and reduced synthesis of protein mediator that activates Na+ channels in the apical membrane and decreased the number of Na+ / K +ATPase pumps in basolateral membrane. Side effects of spironolactone can cause side effects, such as fluid and electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia), mild acidosis, and transient elevation of serum urea nitrogen. Spironolactone used as diuresis in congestive heart failure, ascites, oedema, and nephritic syndrome reduction of hypokalemia induced by other diuretics or amphotericin; primary hyperaldosteronism. Coadministration of diuretics (spironolactone) with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs escalated the pitfall of nephrotoxicity and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs deescalate the hypotensive effect of diuretics.
PELAKSANAAN PENYELIDIKAN EPIDEMIOLOGI KASUS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI PUSKESMAS KOTA PEKANBARU RIAU
Authors: Irawan Angki , Wismardani Wismardani , Widodo Muhamad Dedi
Published: March 2022

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya penanggulangan DBD tersebut adalah dengan melakukan penanggulangan kasus sebagai upaya pemutusan rantai penularannya. Meliputi: Penyelidikan Epidemiologi (PE) serta tindakan penanggulangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan Penyelidikan Epidemiologi dari aspek SOP (Standar Operasional Prosedur), ketenagaan (SDM), sarana, kompensasi dan penatalaksanaan program DBD. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan metode pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis dengan menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis). Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan penelusuran dokumen. Ada 6 orang informan yaitu: 2 orang Kepala Puskesmas, 2 orang Pemegang Program DBD, dan 2 orang Petugas Surveilans. Lokasi penelitian di Puskesmas Payung Sekaki dan Harapan Raya yang merupakan dua Puskesmas dengan kasus DBD tertinggi Tahun 2016 yaitu sebesar 145 dan 92 kasus, dengan jumlah kematian 1 orang untuk Payung Sekaki dan 1 orang Harapan Raya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Puskesmas Payung Sekaki belum memiliki SOP, petugas PE belum berlatar pendidikan epidemiologi. Untuk buku catatan harian, senter, formulir PE sudah lengkap. Dalam pelaksanaannya juga sudah memiliki surat tugas dan Dana BOK (Bantuan Operasional Kegiatan). Sedangkan untuk Puskesmas Harapan sudah memiliki SOP tetapi baru diterbitkan 2016, petugas PE sudah berpendidikan epidemiologi, dibantu oleh pemegang Program DBD, untuk pemanfaatan dana menggunakan dana BOK. Masih tingginya angka DBD di kedua wilayah Puskesmas tersebut dikarenakan belum optimalnya penatalaksanaan manajemen dan prosedur penanganan DBD. Perlu kewaspadaan dini pada kasus ini, para pejabat dan pihak kesehatan terkait dapat diandalkan dengan cara pengembangan program kapasitas (capacity building) di bidang persepsi dan penilaian risiko (risk perception and risk assessment) terhadap kasus DBD ini.
IDENTIFIKASI TELUR CACING NEMATODA USUS PADA SISWA KELAS 1 DI SDN INPRES ARDIPURA II TAHUN 2018
Authors: Kurniawan Fajar Bakti , Imbiri Meidy J , Alfreda Yulianus Wima Krisna
Published: March 2022

Ascariasis generally infects elementary school-age children. Children with mild infections usually show no symptoms, but severe conditions can cause intestinal manifestations (diarrhea and abdominal pain), general malaise, delays in cognitive development, depending on the physical action. This study aims to identify intestinal nematodes in grade 1 children at SDN Inpres Ardipura II in Jayapura City. The type of research used is descriptive research with a case study design. The population is 1st grader students at SDN Inpres Ardipura II with 35 people. Descriptive data analysis. The results obtained Ascaris lumbricoides 14.3, Trichuris trichiura 0%, and Hookworm 0%.
Revisiting Characters in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness: Binarism, Trauma and Resilience
Authors: Romdhani Mourad
Published: March 2022

For decades, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness (1899) has been subject to different readings and interpretations. Transcending the boundaries of time and place, Conrad’s novella is still a relevant text for modern critical readings. Although many critics have studied characters referring to different theories and perspectives, characterization is still a rich source of meaning. This paper aims to study the characters in Heart of Darkness and examine Conrad’s narrative strategy in terms of binarism and doubling. The paper also explores how, despite their depiction as powerful characters, Marlow and Kurtz show symptoms of failure and trauma while the black female character, usually depicted as an emblem of absence and negation, shows signs of power and resilience despite her muteness and minor presence. Feminist, Psychoanalytical and trauma theories are referred to in the revisiting of characters in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.
Analysis on State of Mortgage Lending for 2016-2020 in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Abdizhapar Aiganym
Published: March 2022

It is significant to resolve important socio-economic tasks such as increasing the availability of housing for the population, increasing the share of housing owners in order to stabilize society. To provide solutions, there is a necessity to form a market housing financing system that meets the competitive demand of the population for housing. The main directions of worldwide recognized long-term financing of housing construction are mortgage lending and the system of construction savings. Therefore, for Kazakhstan, the effective formation of the mortgage lending system is one of the priorities of housing policy. At the current stage of Kazakhstan's development, the mortgage lending system is the most important direction for the development of long-term housing financing. International experience depicts that the development of mortgage lending brings maximum benefits for the state and the country's economy as a whole. This is explained, first of all, by the fact that it affects problems of a housing nature and is quite significant on the part of the social policy of the state. Taking into account the multilateral socio-economic effect of the development of the mortgage lending system, this problem is presented as particularly relevant for Kazakhstan.

Moreover, it is essential to study the current results of the system over the past years and determine the level of development of the mortgage lending system in modern conditions to provide an analysis of the current state of mortgage lending in the country. The analysis of statistical data on the indicators of mortgage lending is carried out. The study encompasses the main issues related to the current state of mortgage lending in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Competencias gerenciales y gestión pública: revisión sistemática
Authors: Vásquez Ortiz Jorge Alejandro
Published: March 2022

Un aspecto clave que toda organización procura en la actualidad para tener éxito, es evitar errores en su proceso de toma de decisiones. Dicho proceso sólo es efectivo si se precisan, por un lado, los recursos adecuados a las metas planteadas por la organización y por el otro, competencias altamente evaluadas en el personal gerencial o directivo.

El propósito del presente trabajo, sustentado en un proceso de revisión sistemática, ha sido recabar información imparcial respecto a las competencias gerenciales vinculadas al proceso de toma de decisiones que repercuten en la Administración Pública.

Al respecto, se ha efectuado una revisión sistemática en Bases de Datos PROQUEST, EBSCO, SCIELO de artículos científicos del período comprendido entre 2020 a 2021, conforme a lo establecido en la Matriz PRISMA, considerando los siguientes criterios de inclusión: Texto completo en formato PDF, originales en español, francés, portugués o inglés, revisión de expertos, investigaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas, se han excluido los que eran similares a los que trataban el tema de gobernabilidad. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo utilizando las ecuaciones: “Mangerial competences” and “Public Management” OR “Managerial skills” and “Goverment” OR “Mangerial skills” and “Public Administration”, se incluyeron en total 36 artículos. Se encontró relación significativa entre Managerial Competences y Public Administration. Se evidencia la necesidad de realizar mayores estudios a fin de profundizar lo vertido en el presente artículo.
Condiciones laborales de la minería informal y su relación con la tuberculosis y la silicosis que padecen los obreros de la zona minera de Otoca – Lucanas Ayacucho – 2014
Authors: Loayza Gutiérrez Jessenia Leonor
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre las condiciones laborales y los factores socio-demográficos con la tuberculosis y la silicosis en la población obrera de la zona minera de Otoca – Lucanas, Ayacucho – 2014. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, yo La muestra estuvo constituida por 47 obreros de la zona minera de Otoca – Lucanas quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar en el estudio. Se evaluaron las variables edad, sexo, estado civil, grado de instrucción, afiliación al seguro, equipo de protección personal y ambiente laboral, tuberculosis y silicosis. Resultados y discusión. La prevalencia de tuberculosis fue de 19,1%, la silicosis fue de 14,9%. Se halló edad y presencia de tuberculosis (0,046), no se halló asociación entre el sexo (0,482).

Conclusiones: Los factores socio-demográficos edad y estado civil presentan asociación con la presencia de silicosis en la población de estudio. El sexo, el grado de instrucción y las condiciones laborales no presentan asociación con la tuberculosis.
Influencia de la gestión educativa en la convivencia escolar de instituciones educativas–Huancavelica, Perú
Authors: Meza Huamani Senia Lilia , Chacaltana Huarcaya Raquel Elizabeth , Lopez Castillo Giuliana Melissa , Ochoa Carbajo Jesús Alberto , Jurado Enriquez Elizabeth Lizbel
Published: March 2022

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar en qué medida influye la gestión educativa en la convivencia escolar de las instituciones educativas de la red de Córdova, Huaytará-Huancavelica, 2014; y se planteó la hipótesis: La gestión educativa influye significativamente en la convivencia escolar.

La presente investigación es un estudio de tipo correlacional explicativo porque se analizan relaciones de covarianza y causalidad, con un diseño transeccional correlacional causal. La muestra estuvo integrada por 40 docentes de las instituciones educativas de la red de Córdova, Huaytará- Huancavelica. Los datos relacionados con las variables gestión educativa y convivencia escolar, con sus respectivas dimensiones, se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de la técnica de la encuesta y sus instrumentos los cuestionarios de gestión educativa y convivencia escolar; luego se tabularon los datos utilizando medidas estadísticas para determinar en qué medida la gestión educativa influye en la convivencia escolar.

Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que existe una relación positiva entre las variables de estudio; es decir entre la gestión educativa y la conveniencia escolar con un coeficiente de correlación Pearson de 0,881 en los docentes de las Instituciones Educativas de la red de Córdova, Huaytará, 2014. La influencia de la gestión educativa en la convivencia escolar queda indicado por el coeficiente de determinación equivalente al 77.5% de los casos observados.
Social support and social therapy
Authors: Ledwith Frank
Published: March 2022

Arguments to support the view that psychological factors have a major influence on bodily health have typically used anecdotal evidence. This is curious since there is a whole body of evidence from large scale, prospective surveys which indicate that those with large social networks are less likely to fall ill and die from all causes and specifically from cancer, heart disease and strokes. Moreover it seems that social networks can be enhanced by appropriate professional help to foster what seems to be almost a universal panacea.
Penetrating transorbital cranio-cerebral windshield glass injury: report of two cases
Authors: Sharma Rewati Raman , Prabhu Sujit , Parekh Harshad C. , Keogh Andrew J , Wong Margaret , Bertolis George , Dardavesis Dimitris
Published: March 2022

Two unusual cases of penetrating transorbital cranio-cerebral windshield glass injury following road traffic accident seen over a period of 10 years are reported. In the first case , the clinical course was complicated by a delayed frontal pneumocephalus and in the second case by a cerebrospinal fluid leak through the upper eye lid and a frontal intracerebral haematoma. In both cases, delayed complications prompted the use of computed tomography of the head (CT head) which revealed foreign bodies in the orbit and frontal regions with afore-mentioned features. Removal of foreign bodies via a transcranial subfrontal approach and the dural repair was successful in both cases. The use of high penetration resistant laminated wind shield in vehicles is recommended to reduce penetrating facio-orbito-cranio-cerebral wind shield glass injuries.
Synthesis of Dendronised and Dialkyl Fluorene Based Hybrid Polymer under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Rupashri K. Kadu  , Pramod B. Thakur  , Raghunath A. Katkar  , Raghunath A. Katkar
Published: April 2022

We report a rapid synthetic strategy to afford of new dendronised and dialkyl fluorene based hybrid polymer by employing Microwave radiations. This polymer was synthesized by the reaction of 2,7-dibromo-9,9-di(4-(2,3,4,5-tetraphenylphenyl)benzyl) fluorene with 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dipentyl fluorene under microwave irradiation using nickel catalyst. The synthesized dendronised and dialkyl fluorene based hybrid polymer was fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques. We believe that, this dendronised and dialkyl fluorene based hybrid polymer can be emerge as a promising material for blue-light-emitting diodes.
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of AlTiZrO4 Nanomaterial
Authors: M. V. Patil  , S. R. Bamane  , S. M. Khetre
Published: April 2022

Oval shaped AlTiZrO4 nanoparticles were synthesized by wet chemical co precipitation and muffle ignition method. The oval shapes of nanomaterial were confirmed using SEM imaging and spinal packing in crystals were determined on the basis of XRD spectrum. The surface functionalities over nanomaterial was confirmed using FTIR spectrum elucidating hydroxyl and oxide groups over surface for future water wet ability. Furthermore the porous nature and electronic states in nanomaterial were elaborated on the basis of UV-Vis. And PL spectral transitions along with matching SEM and XRD data. The very high porosity of this ceramic nanomaterial was confirmed by BET measurements and future water remediation applications were demonstrated using antimicrobial testing on Proteus Vulgaris and membrane water purification activity. Overall this novel ceramic porous nano material has proved probable application in water purification membranes.
El rompecabezas del arte contemporáneo: Incertidumbres, novedad y aburrimiento
Authors: Chao-Yang Lee , Clemente Marco José Luis
Published: March 2022

A través de la promoción y difusión de museos, galerías de arte, bienales, investigaciones académicas, etc., el arte contemporáneo se ha convertido en un tema importante de finales del siglo XX.“Arte contemporáneo” fue por un tiempo un término de moda, pero también un término lleno de incertidumbre y desafíos. Esta investigación aborda el arte contemporáneo a través del tiempo, el espacio y la originalidad, explorando la realidad del aburrimiento provocado por la falta de novedad en el arte contemporáneo. Uno de los mayores desafíos del arte contemporáneo es su temporalidad. ¿Cuál es el periodo de tiempo exacto en que se desarrolló el arte contemporáneo? Y en cuanto al espacio, las exposiciones internacionales del arte contemporáneo están frecuentemente dominadas por el arte occidental. ¿Cómo es posible equilibrar el arte contemporáneo de diferentes territorios sin ningún prejuicio? Por otro lado, al seguir el arte contemporáneo  el desarrollo del lenguaje artístico del arte de vanguardia, su originalidad y novedad han sido ampliamente cuestionados. Su característica de repetición provoca la reducción de la novedad, y finalmente lleva al aburrimiento a sus espectadores. Pero, ¿es este realmente el destino del arte contemporáneo? Estructuralistas y deconstruccionistas exploran la relación entre el arte contemporáneo y el arte de vanguardia desde diferentes perspectivas, desmantelando el poder y la originalidad del arte de vanguardia. Sin embargo, ¿este tipo de análisis es realmente una forma fiable y significativa de interpretar el arte contemporáneo? ¿O es llevar el arte contemporáneo a la nihilidad y el aburrimiento? Todos estos son los temas que exploramos en esta investigación.
Editorial nº 10
Authors: Pérez García Elías , Martínez Arroyo Emilio J. , Silva Dos Santos Fabiane C.
Published: March 2022

Editoral nº 10 revista ANIAV - marzo 2022
LIÑE
Authors: Hesselbarth Cordula
Published: March 2022

Instalación LIÑE
Maternidad subrogada en México
Authors: Garza-Guerra María Taide
Published: March 2022

El avance tecnológico de la técnica de reproducción asistida, llamada maternidad subrogada trae consigo consecuencias jurídicas que ha superado a la institución de la familia. Es una práctica que tiene la posibilidad al menos en México de realizarse de manera ilegal en la mayor parte del país, de ahí se derivan muchas consecuencias que deben ser identificadas y analizadas a fin de lograr una correcta normatividad desde todas las perspectivas. El objetivo de la investigación, es centrar cuál es el estado actual de la legislación nacional que solo existe en dos estados de la Federación que la aceptan, los cuales son: Tabasco y Sinaloa. Cabe señalar que quedan muchas omisiones que actúan en perjuicio de todas las partes involucradas, principalmente de la persona concebida. En la sociedad es posible que se esté dando esta práctica al existir lagunas en la normatividad, lo cual constituye una imperiosa necesidad de regular; es importante recordar que el derecho debe de estar de la mano con los cambios que se presentan en la sociedad, en ese orden de ideas queda claro que es indispensable respetar los derechos inherentes a la familia, a las madres, los padres, la persona concebida o el embrión, según sea el caso.
Ellas nos llevaron al espacio
Authors: Lorenzo-González Mª de las Nieves , Calvo-Iglesias Encina , Ávarez-Fernández Inés
Published: March 2022

En este artículo, presentamos las biografías de algunas de las mujeres que han contribuido a la exploración espacial. Un trabajo que ha permanecido oculto durante mucho tiempo.  Afortunadamente, este año 2021 "La mujer en el espacio" ha sido el lema de la Semana Mundial del Espacio, con el propósito de visibilizar los logros y contribuciones de las mujeres al sector espacial y las ciencias. En la misma línea, este artículo pretende por un lado recuperar a las pioneras y por otro fomentar el interés de nuestras jóvenes por las ciencias, ofreciéndoles espejos en los que mirarse.
Christoph Schnoor. Le Corbusier’s Practical Aesthetic of the City
Authors: Rabaça Armando
Published: March 2022

Christoph SchnoorLe Corbusier’s Practical Aesthetic of the City. The Treatise ‘La Construction des villes’ of 1910/1911London, New York: Routledge, 2020.Format: 25,2 x 18,0, 528 pag, illustrations b&wLanguage: English.ISBN: 978-1-4724-4564-3
Rabbit meat trade of major countries: regional pattern and driving forces
Authors: Wu Laping
Published: March 2022

In in the last 60 or so years, the global rabbit industry has been growing steadily. This paper studies the global rabbit meat trade by focusing on trade growth and regional pattern. First, rabbit meat productionand regional structure are introduced, as the basis of trade. Then, the global rabbit meat trade is studied in detail, including trade growth, regional structural changes, comparative advantages and competitiveness of major countries. Finally, a gravity model is built to test major factors affecting the rabbit meat trade andexplore the driving forces behind the trade. The data come from different channels, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Bank, the World Trade Organization and related government statistics. The results show that: (1) Over the past 60 yr, the global rabbit industry has achieved great progress. In the first half of the period, rabbit meat was mainly produced in Europe; then, rabbit meat production in Asia increased steadily and rapidly in the second half period, while European production decreased continuously. (2) The rabbit meat trade had been increasing for about 20 yr from 1961 to 1979, after which it fluctuated for another 20 yr. However, since 2001 it has been stable around an average level of 37 thousand tonnes, with only minor fluctuation. The trade pattern is currently from Asia (mainly China) and South America (mainly Argentina) to European countries. In 2018, the top 5 export destinations were Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal and France (3). Hungary and Argentina have been two strong competitorsin the last two decades, while Spain and Belgium are two new and promising countries in the rabbit meat trade. Now China no longer has comparative advantages in the rabbit meat trade (4). The gravity model results show that rabbit meat trade is mainly driven by demand. Countries with a high Gross Domestic Product tend to increase their imports more, but decrease their exports. Countries with higher populations export more rabbit meat but import less. Common language and contiguity of two countries have significant impacts on rabbit meat trade. Based on the above results, some suggestions and policy implications are provided. Rabbit farmers or processing companies should pay more attention to domestic consumers or neighbouring countries to survey potential markets; traders should explore more markets in order to reduce the degree of trade concentration and lower risks. Governments should popularise the nutritional knowledge of rabbit meat to encourage people (especially young people) to consume more healthy rabbit meat instead of pork, with a view to reducing obesity or other heart diseases, etc.
Validation and reliability of the Munich Shoulder Questionnaire for Turkish patients with shoulder dysfunction
Authors: Kocamaz Deniz , Ekici Gamze , Karabulut Erdem
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Shoulder dysfunction is one of the most important upper extremity problems that limit the quality of life of individuals. Munich Shoulder Questionnaire (MSQ) is a self-assessment tool that allows an easy follow-up and evaluation for clinicians. The aim of this study was to describe the process applied to translate MSQ into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability.

Methods

The questionnaire involves socio-demographic data, as well as objective and subjective items for shoulder dysfunction. The study investigated 180 patients with shoulder dysfunction. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by the intra-class correlation coefficient. Pearson’s correlation coefficient served to examine the convergent validity. The SPSS 23.0 software was used for the statistical analysis.

Results

The patients’ average age equalled 44.3 ± 11.6 years. In most cases (76.7%), the diagnosis was shoulder impingement syndrome. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the MSQ objective and subjective sections were 0.73 and 0.96, respectively. The MSQ total score was positively correlated with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire total score (r = 0.70; p < 0.01) and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index total score (r = 0.65; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The Turkish version of MSQ is a valid, reliable, and responsive instrument for evaluating shoulder dysfunctions. In addition, MSQ-Turkish is satisfactory for evaluating shoulder dysfunctions and its use is recommended to follow up conservative, manipulative, and surgical treatments.
Circumferential pressure treatment reduces post-stroke spasticity: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bacca Odair , Patiño-Segura María Solange , Herrera Esperanza
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Circumferential pressure is used to promote the inhibition of the spastic muscle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of circumferential pressure applied by Johnstone pressure splint on the tonus level, reflex excitability, and electromyographic activity of plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles in post-stroke patients.

Methods

An experimental single-blinded study with random allocation of patients to a control group (conventional inhibition techniques) or experimental group (conventional inhibition techniques along with circumferential pressure) was performed. All patients received one 25-minute therapeutic session. The muscle tonus according to the Modified Ashworth Scale, soleus H-reflex, and electromyographic signals during the sit-to-stand movement of plantar flexor-dorsiflexor muscles were evaluated before and after treatment.

Results

Overall, 30 stroke survivors (20 men, 10 women; age: 60.3 ± 5.7 years; evolution time: 27.8 ± 14.7 months) were studied. The muscle tone decreased in both groups, but the experimental group exhibited a greater reduction. The experimental group presented a significant increase in the H-wave duration and maximal H/maximal M wave ratio of the H-reflex as compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed in muscular electrical activity.

Conclusions

One session of combined therapy contributes to a reduction in the tone of plantar flexor muscles and the reflex activity, without altering the muscle activity.
STUDY OF SOLID AND MICROPLASTIC WASTE IN THE LEAVE LINE IN SANDY SEDIMENTS ON BOCA DA BARRA BEACHES AND CAMPAS BEACH - TAMANDARÉ-PE
Authors: Gabriele Emily , Varjão Débora , Danielly Maiara , Barbosa Edinilson , Maria Adriana
Published: March 2022

Microplastics have been a topic commonly discussed in recent times due to the damage they cause to the environment, whether marine or terrestrial. Currently, the exposure of the microplastic problem has been alarming, which causes the study of these residues on a large scale, however, a precise methodology has not yet been obtained to quantify these residues. The study was carried out on the beaches of Boca da Barra and Praia de Campas, Tamandaré-PE, the collection was carried out during high tide and full moon on the left line, four samples were collected at each point, being point 1 (Boca da Barra) and point 2 (Praia de Campas), both beaches with different profiles in relation to human actions, the beach of Boca da Barra with less human actions compared to Praia de Campas that receives more tourists. Subsequently taken to LAGES (Laboratory of Sedimentology and Paleontology) to quantify and qualify the solid and microplastic residues of the appropriate samples. At the end of the samples, the difference in the amount of microplastic from one beach to the other is evident. Being the beach of Boca da Barra with a lower incidence in relation to Praia de Campas.
A REFLECTIVE LOOK AT THE USE OF GAMES IN MATHEMATICS TEACHING
Authors: Francisco da Silva Coelho Acássio
Published: March 2022

Elementary education is a starting point in the teaching and learning process, this school initiation must have practices and resources that dynamize the assimilation of knowledge in the classroom. So, this research is born from the perspective that the use of mathematical games in the teaching of mathematics has gained emphasis in the school environment as a result of the contribution to the student’s cognitive development. The present research sought to present a methodological proposal based on mathematical games in order to create dynamic strategies for the teaching and learning process related to the teaching of mathematics. To support this bibliographic research, we relied on works dealing with mathematics and mathematical games. It is expected to present the importance of bringing games to the classroom, not as a proposal just to amuse students, but to make them acquire the mathematical knowledge presented under a new approach. Therefore, games show good results in terms of expanding student learning through alternative problem-solving methods, encouraging the ability to create and participate more actively in math classes.
FOREST FRAGMENT IN THE MUNICIPAL SPRING OF ITAPIRA-SP FAVORS CARBON NEUTRALIZATION MITIGAGING THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Authors: Martelli Anderson
Published: March 2022

Evidence of climate change that has occurred in recent years is largely attributable to anthropic influences. Excess carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is harmful, being one of the substances responsible for climate change and trees favor the sequestration of this CO2. Thus, this article aimed to quantify the carbon that was neutralized in a forest fragment located at a spring in the municipality of Itapira-SP, mitigating the emission of greenhouse gases. The results showed that this fragment neutralized 261.20 tons of carbon over 20 years. Forests constitute important carbon stocks with the removal of atmospheric CO2 through the process of photosynthesis. The preservation of this forest fragment by the government and civil society characterize plausible actions with regard to the climate changes that the world has been experiencing.
The challenges of enriching small, medium and micro enterprises with financial management knowledge in KwaZulu-Natal metropolitan area
Authors:   , Mazibuko Wiseman Sinethemba
Published: April 2022

South Africa is experiencing enormous socio-economic challenges such as gender-based violence, poverty and inequality, including ever-increasing high levels of unemployment. Many businesses are either closing or downsizing. People are resorting to alternative ways to alleviate poverty by establishing SMMEs. To get established, SMMEs are encountering a daunting task when it comes to implementing sound financial systems. The study sought to examine the challenges of capacitating SMMEs with financial management acumen and to remedy the difficulties of implementation thereof. Primary research was conducted amongst SMMEs in KwaZulu-Natal, Metropolitan Area. The population of this study consisted of a sample of 250 randomly selected SMMEs participated from a target population of 2200. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques such as SPSS and Cronbach’s Alpha. The study found, that the sector has grown and has become an engine to drive economic stabilisation, poverty alleviation and employment creation. However, perennial challenges grew exponentially. Moreover the covid-19 pandamic has worsen the situation. Government has played a huge role in making sure the SMMEs sector get the necessary financial support, through different entiies like the SEFA, SEDA, and SSSP. The majority of SMMEs concurs that lack of adequate financial management acumen negatively affects their success. Most of them cannot upskill themselves and are not satisfied with stakeholder interventions regarding training and development. The study also found that, funding is not a panacea to all the challenges faced by this sector. Solutions should come from SMMEs instead of stakeholders prescribing how problems should be resolved. Apart from financial management understanding, SMMEs maintains that networking opportunities with business associates are vital to their success.
Working conditions and work performance of remote elementary school teachers
Authors: Wea Donatus , Wolomasi Agustinus Kia , Werang Basilius Redan
Published: March 2022

Working conditions are a critical component in determining an employee's productivity as well as their ability to be efficient and successful. The purpose of this study was to characterize working conditions and their impact on the job performance of elementary school teachers in Boven Digoel district. Data were gathered using survey from 171 respondents, conveniently selected from a total of 536 elementary school teachers of Boven Digoel district. The gathered data were statistically analyzed using the program SPSS version 21. The findings indicated that the working conditions of the elementary school teachers of Boven Digoel district strongly affected their job performance. In addition, the research show that school principals and regional education policymakers must develop favorable working conditions for teachers in order to motivate them to contribute more than is necessary to educate the youth of nations.
The Impact of Fractional Order Control on Multivariable Systems
Authors: Fartas NOURELHOUDA , Khelassi ABDELMADJID
Published: March 2022

In this work a fractional order filter proportional integer (FOF-PI) controller is proposed for the control of multivariable system which is a distillation column model. In addition to the design of fractional controller, a comparison between integer controller employing the most used method the biggest log modulus (BLT) and the internal model control (IMC) with the fractional method. The purpose of this comparison is to improve the quality control and show the superiority and the increase of flexibility by the additional fractional parameter of the fractional control. An analyzed study between performance indices of the three methods as the overshoot, settling time, integral absolute error (IAE) and rise time is exhibited. The simulation graphs of the outputs provided by the three used controllers are presented to confirm the results and show the improvement in the control of multivariable system domain by the fractional method.
Timely evaluation in international development
Authors:   London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Vigneri Marcella
Published: March 2022

A central issue in impact evaluation is supporting quick data collection and analyses while an intervention is being rolled out to assist urgent decision-making or update knowledge of what works. This paper reviews approaches to timely evaluation that balance speed with rigour of analysis and are often combined with more standard evaluation methods. We review approaches to timely evaluation from different traditions and combine them in a conceptual framework that describes their goals, speed, and how they address complexity. Each method is paired with a case study to illustrate its value for international development evaluation research.
The Case for Colonialism: A Response to My Critics
Authors: Gilley Bruce
Published: March 2022

Political scientist and NAS board member Bruce Gilley’s article “The Case for Colonialism” (republished in Academic Questions in the summer of 2018), has been the subject of countless critical essays, conference panels, seminar discussions, and journal articles. Here Gilley responds to his critics.
A ARTE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Manfrin Benedita Maia de Amorim , Santos Dulcineia de Moraes , Delgado Laura Patrícia Amorim Leite , Oliveira Lucilene Cruz de Souza , Ribeiro Marenil Alessandra de Siqueira , Sousa Márcia do Socorro Dias , Avelar Rosineia Pereira Barcelos
Published: March 2022

Este artigo pretende identificar como as artes podem ser importantes para o desenvolvimento das crianças, no contexto da formação de  indivíduos que possam contribuir positivamente para a sociedade como um todo, um modelo totalmente contrário ao modelo que a escola toma como o objetivo básico de formar pessoas aptas a participar do mercado de trabalho. O caso é que nesse modelo as expressões artísticas e culturais de uma sociedade são fundamentais, pois não são consideradas importantes para a formação da criança e o resultado disso é apenas o acúmulo de conhecimento, não tem efeito mental ou emocional. Para facilitar a conteúdotização do conteúdo apresentado neste artigo, ele foi dividido em cinco temas principais, na forma de apresentar um panorama completo da arte-educação no Brasil.
Les post-traitements en fabrication additive
Authors: BACROIX Brigitte
Published: March 2022

Ce chapitre présente une synthèse des différents types de traitements post fabrication additive en distinguant trois catégories : les traitements thermiques, le traitement thermomécanique de CIC, et les traitements de surface. Les principes physiques de ces traitements et leurs effets sur les propriétés des pièces y sont passés en revue.
The suitability of a hybrid framework including data driven approaches for hydrological forecasting
Authors: Hauswirth Sandra M. , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Beijk Vincent , Wanders Niko
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Hydrological forecasts are important for operational water management and near future planning, even more so in light of increased occurrences of extreme events such as floods and droughts. Having a flexible forecasting framework that can deliver this information in fast and computational efficient manner is critical. In this study, the suitability of a hybrid forecasting framework, combining data-driven approaches and seasonal (re)forecasting information to predict hydrological variables was explored. Target variables include discharge and surface water levels for various stations at national scale with the Netherlands as focus. Five different ML models, ranging from simple to more complex and trained on historical observations of discharge, precipitation, evaporation and sea water levels, were run with seasonal (re)forecast data (EFAS and SEAS5) of these driver variables in a hindcast setting. The results were evaluated using the evaluation metrics Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC), Continuous Ranked Probability (Skill) Score (CRPS and CRPSS), and Brier Skill Score (BSS) in comparison to a climatological reference hindcast. Aggregating results of all stations and ML models revealed that the hindcasting framework outperformed the climatological reference forecasts by roughly 60 % for discharge predictions (80 % for surface water level predictions). Skilful prediction for the first lead month, independently of initialization month, can be made for discharge. The skill extends up to 2–3 months for spring months due to snow melt dynamics captured in the training phase of the model. Surface water levels hindcasts showed similar skill and skilful lead times. While the different ML models showed differences in performance during a testing and training phase using historical observations, running the ML framework in a hindcast setting showed only minor differences between the models, which is attributed to the uncertainty in seasonal forecasts. However, despite being trained on historical observations, the hybrid framework used in this study shows similar skilful predictions as previous large scale forecasting systems. With our study we show that a hybrid framework is able to bring location specific skilful seasonal forecast information with global seasonal forecast inputs. At the same time our hybrid approach is flexible and fast, and as such a hybrid framework could be adapted to make it even more interesting to water managers and their needs, for instance a part of a fast model-predictive control framework.