bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal–organic framework based electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a review
Authors: Mehek Rimsha , Iqbal Naseem , Noor Tayyaba , Amjad M. Zain Bin , Ali Ghulam , Vignarooban K. , Khan M. Abdullah
Published: September 2021

In this review article, a comprehensive insight is given into current progress of electrochemical evaluation of MOFs based material as efficient anode and cathode materials for LIBs.
The exchange of the fast substrate water in the S2 state of photosystem II is limited by diffusion of bulk water through channels – implications for the water oxidation mechanism
Authors: de Lichtenberg Casper , Kim Christopher J. , Chernev Petko , Debus Richard J. , Messinger Johannes
Published: September 2021

Access to the oxygen-evolving complex in photosynthesis is restricted by specific barriers in the channels connecting the Mn4CaO5 catalyst with bulk water. Together with other recent data, this finding allows assigning the two substrate waters.
Electrooxidative o-carborane chalcogenations without directing groups: cage activation by copper catalysis at room temperature
Authors: Yang Long , Jei Becky Bongsuiru , Scheremetjew Alexej , Yuan Binbin , Stückl A. Claudia , Ackermann Lutz
Published: September 2021

Copper-catalyzed electrochemical cage C–H chalcogenation of o-carboranes has been realized to enable the synthesis of various cage C-sulfenylated and C-selenylated o-carboranes.
A ratiometric photoelectrochemical microsensor based on a small-molecule organic semiconductor for reliable in vivo analysis
Authors: Xiang Yunhui , Kong Yao , Feng Wenqi , Ye Xiaoxue , Liu Zhihong
Published: September 2021

The first small-molecule organic semiconductor-based ratiometric photoelectrochemical sensor was proposed, which exhibited pronounced selectivity and capacity to offset environmental disturbance, guaranteeing its reliability for in vivo analysis.
C–H functionalisation tolerant to polar groups could transform fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD)
Authors: Chessari Gianni , Grainger Rachel , Holvey Rhian S. , Ludlow R. Frederick , Mortenson Paul N. , Rees David C.
Published: September 2021

An in depth meta analysis of 131 fragment-to-lead case-studies has shown the importance of synthetic methods that allow carbon-centred synthetic elaboration in the presence of polar pharmacophores.
Robust classification with feature selection using an application of the Douglas-Rachford splitting algorithm
Authors: Barlaud Michel , Antonini Marc
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with supervised classification and feature selection with application in the context of high dimensional features. A classical approach leads to an optimization problem minimizing the within sum of squares in the clusters (I2 norm) with an I1 penalty in order to promote sparsity. It has been known for decades that I1 norm is more robust than I2 norm to outliers. In this paper, we deal with this issue using a new proximal splitting method for the minimization of a criterion using I2 norm both for the constraint and the loss function. Since the I1 criterion is only convex and not gradient Lipschitz, we advocate the use of a Douglas-Rachford minimization solution. We take advantage of the particular form of the cost and, using a change of variable, we provide a new efficient tailored primal Douglas-Rachford splitting algorithm which is very effective on high dimensional dataset. We also provide an efficient classifier in the projected space based on medoid modeling. Experiments on two biological datasets and a computer vision dataset show that our method significantly improves the results compared to those obtained using a quadratic loss function.
Sensitivity of the “intermediate point” in the mean value theorem: an approach via the Legendre-Fenchel transformation
Authors: Hiriart-Urruty Jean-Baptiste
Published: September 2021

We study the sensitivity, essentially the differentiability, of the so-called “intermediate point” c in the classical mean value theorem $ \frac{f(a)-f(b)}{b-a}={f}^{\prime}(c)$we provide the expression of its gradient ∇c(d,d), thus giving the asymptotic behavior of c(a, b) when both a and b tend to the same point d. Under appropriate mild conditions on f, this result is “universal” in the sense that it does not depend on the point d or the function f. The key tool to get at this result turns out to be the Legendre-Fenchel transformation for convex functions.
Residual based a posteriori error estimation for Dirichlet boundary control problems
Authors: Yücel Hamdullah
Published: September 2021

We study a residual–based a posteriori error estimate for the solution of Dirichlet boundary control problem governed by a convection diffusion equation on a two dimensional convex polygonal domain, using the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method with upwinding for the convection term. With the usage of LDG method, the control variable naturally exists in the variational form due to its mixed finite element structure. We also demonstrate the application of our a posteriori error estimator for the adaptive solution of these optimal control problems.
Experimentelle Studie: Beinwellextrakt fördert die
Regeneration von beschädigter Epidermis
Authors: Dähnhardt Dorothee , Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer Stephan , Groeber-Becker Florian , Fölster-Holst Regina , Schmidt Mathias
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Wundheilungseffekte lassen sich im Modell der restrukturierten
humanen Epidermis durch Erzeugung reproduzierbarer Schäden und der
Beobachtung der Regeneration der Hautzellen objektivieren.

Methoden und Ergebnisse In einer kürzlich veröffentlichten
Studie wurde der Effekt einer Creme mit einer Zubereitung aus den oberirdischen
Pflanzenteilen von medizinisch genutztem Beinwell (Symphytum x
uplandicum Nyman) auf künstlich erzeugte Schäden an
der Epidermis mittels Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie beobachtet. Bei Kontakt
mit Beinwellcreme zeigte sich eine deutliche Beschleunigung der
Regenerationsvorgänge gegenüber nicht-exponierten Kontrollen. Am
7. Tag zeigte sich in den Kontrollproben eine erste Differenzierung neu
gebildeter Zellschichten zu Zellen des Stratum spinosum, in den
Beinwell-behandelten Proben war dagegen dieses Stadium bereits am 4. Tag
erreicht sowie am 7. Tag eine Differenzierung bis zum Stratum corneum.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Untersuchung verfolgte die Frühphase der
Regeneration der Epidermis nach künstlich induzierten Schäden im
Vergleich mit unbehandelten Kontrollen. Die direkte Beobachtung einer
beschleunigten Regeneration der Epidermis steht im Einklang mit der in
kontrollierten Studien klinisch beobachteten schnelleren Abheilung von
Schürfwunden durch medizinischen Beinwellkrautextrakt.
Wirkmechanismen von Duftstoffen und ätherischen Ölen:
Wie beeinflussen sie Emotionen und kognitive Leistungen?
Authors: Heuberger Eva
Published: September 2021

Klinische Studien zur Wirksamkeit von Aromatherapie attestieren
ätherischen Ölen ein großes Potenzial für die
Behandlung von affektiven Beschwerden und kognitiven Defiziten. Nach Jellinek
basiert die psychogene Wirksamkeit von ätherischen Ölen und
Duftstoffen jedoch nicht nur auf pharmakologischen, sondern auch auf
psychologischen Wirkmechanismen, sodass die resultierenden Effekte durch
verschiedene, intrapersonelle Faktoren beeinflusst werden können. In
diesem Beitrag werden die einzelnen Mechanismen vorgestellt und anhand von
Beispielen aus der Emotions- und Kognitionsforschung diskutiert. Der
Zusammenhang zwischen Anwendungsart und Wirksamkeit von ätherischen
Ölen wird ebenso beleuchtet wie ihre möglichen
unerwünschten Wirkungen. Die Kenntnis der verschiedenen Wirkmechanismen
ermöglicht einen gezielten Einsatz von ätherischen Ölen
und kann die Aromatherapie zu einer noch effizienteren phytotherapeutischen
Behandlungsform machen.SchlüsselwörterAromatherapie, Kognition,
Emotion, olfaktorische Stimuli,hedonische Valenz
Hilfe mit Aromatherapie bei Erkältungen
Authors: Stadelmann Ingeborg
Published: September 2021

Schnupfen, Halsschmerzen und dann noch Husten. Diese typischen Beschwerden eines
Infektes der oberen Atemwege machen Arbeiten und Alltag anstrengend. Welche
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bietet die Aromatherapie bei diesen für
viele mehrmals im Jahr wiederkehrenden Beschwerden?
Rationale Aromatherapie in der Tiermedizin
Authors: Thoonsen Yvonne
Published: September 2021

Ätherische Öle sind unterschätzte Substanzen, die richtig
angewandt das Therapiespektrum sinnvoll bereichern. Ätherische
Öle üben vielfältige Wirkungen ausschließlich
über den Geruchssinn oder aber auch durch transdermale Applikation lokal
und systemisch aus.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, …
Authors: Stange Rainer
Published: September 2021

Alle Menschen lieben Aromen. Zumindest einen stimmungsaufhellenden Effekt hat selbst
der schon einmal verspürt, der einer depressiven Grundhaltung absolut
unverdächtig ist.
Cytotec – es wird bitter fehlen!
Authors: Dannhauer Kareen
Published: September 2021

Das Mittel Cytotec wird in Deutschland nicht mehr vertrieben. Darauf haben sich das Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) sowie die Arzneimittel importierenden Unternehmen geeinigt. Hintergrund waren Berichte über schwere Nebenwirkungen bei der Geburtseinleitung mit Cytotec. Das Medikament werde bitter fehlen, schreibt Hebamme Kareen Dannhauer und begründet, warum es wichtig ist, über den Tellerrand des Kreißsaals hinauszuschauen. Ein Beitrag zur aktuellen Diskussion.
Stillprobleme durch Kopfgelenksfunktionsstörungen
Authors: Scherff Michael , Scherff Juliane
Published: September 2021

Säuglinge mit dem KiSS-Syndrom sind in ihrer Motorik eingeschränkt. Das kann zu Stillproblemen führen. Im Rahmen der Wochenbettbetreuung können Hebammen Fehlhaltungen erkennen und Möglichkeiten aufzeigen, wie sie behandelt werden.
Cycled Lighting Versus Continuous Near Darkness in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Arayici Sema , Simsek Gulsum Kadioglu , Uras Nurdan , Oncel Mehmet Yekta , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Oguz Serife Suna
Published: September 2021

Objective To compare the effectiveness of cycled lighting (CL) or continuous near darkness (CND) on weight in preterm infants.

Study Design Total 147 infants with a gestational age 25–32 weeks and/or a birth weight 750–1500 g were included in the study. The infants were classified into two groups: CL and CND. Weight on postnatal day 14, weight at corrected 35 weeks, mean rectal temperature and serum growth hormone, cortisol, melatonin levels at 35 weeks’ post menstrual age (PMA), weekly weight gain, full enteral feeding time, duration of mechanical ventilation, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), length of stay in the hospital, weight and length at three and six months corrected age were compared between the groups.

Results There were no differences between weights on postnatal day 14. Anthropometric parameters and mean rectal temperatures of groups also were not different at 35 weeks’ PMA. There were no differences among the groups in duration of full enteral feeding time, length of stay in hospitalization, duration of mechanical ventilation, ROP and anthropometric parameters. Further, serum growth hormone, cortisol, and melatonin levels were similar between the groups at 35 weeks’ PMA.

Conclusion CL and CND did not have any advantages over each other.
Low Plasma Ascorbate Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Adequate Dietary Vitamin C
Authors: Bansal Abhishek , Hadimani Chetana P.
Published: September 2021

Background Dietary intake of antioxidative vitamin C plays a protective role in the prevention of oxidative damage in diabetics, demanding increased requirement of vitamin C. Hyperglycemia results in impaired uptake of vitamin C in the cell. The present study was conducted to compare the plasma ascorbate levels in type 2 diabetic patients and controls consuming adequate dietary vitamin C.

Methodology Fifty consented type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who were on treatment with oral hypoglycemic drugs and consuming adequate vitamin C in diet were taken in the study and 50 healthy controls equitably matched for age, gender between 40 and 70 years, and dietary intake of vitamin C were compared. Dietary intake of vitamin C was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire. Subjects consuming more than 35 mg/d of vitamin C were included in the study. Fasting blood sugar was estimated by glucose oxidase and peroxidase method and estimation of ascorbic acid was done by using 2, 4 dinitro phenyl hydrazine method.

Result The mean ± standard deviation levels of plasma ascorbate levels in diabetic subjects were 0.22 ± 0.12 mg/dL, which were significantly lower as compared with controls with plasma ascorbate level of 0.47 ± 0.15 mg/dL. In diabetic subjects, insignificant positive correlation was observed between these parameters with r-value 0.168 and p-value 0.245.

Conclusion This study concludes that even with the recommended dietary intake of vitamin C low plasma ascorbate levels were found among T2DM patients, which necessitates increased demand and dietary advice to diabetic patients on consuming foods rich in vitamin C more than the recommended daily allowance.
Bioprinters too expensive? Try making your own
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: September 2021

Review of affordable do-it-yourself alternatives to commercially available bioprinters aims to help equip under-funded researchers and advance tissue research.
Micro-ring laser with CH3NH3PbBr3/PEO composite coated inside microcapillary
Authors: Kurahashi Naho , Mizuno Hitoshi , Sasaki Fumio , Yanagi Hisao
Published: September 2021

Micro-ring structures with methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) composites are fabricated by using a microcapillary as a template. By the fast-drying process, the CH3NH3PbBr3/PEO composite films with a high PEO concentration are deposited to homogeneously cover the inner surface of the microcapillaries. Under optical pumping, whispering gallery mode lasing is observed from the inner circumference of microcapillaries, which works as a micro-ring cavity. With a reduction in ϕ, the mode number and lasing threshold fluence decrease, suggesting that the stimulated emission is enhanced based on cavity quantum electrodynamics in the CH3NH3PbBr3/PEO composite films uniformly covering the inside of microcavities.
Suppression of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability due to polarization force in nonuniform magnetized sheared dusty plasmas
Authors: Prajapati Ram Prasad , Boro Pallab
Published: September 2021

The Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) instability in a magnetized nonuniform velocity sheared dusty plasma is investigated accounting for the effects of dust polarization force due to inhomogeneity in background plasma number densities. A three-component fluid model for dusty plasma is formulated considering Boltzmann electron/ion fluids and flowing magnetized dust fluids whose dynamics are affected due to the presence of dust polarization force. A dispersion relation for the K–H instability is derived by applying normal mode analysis on the linearized perturbation equations of the system. It is found that the polarization parameter dependent dust acoustic mode significantly modifies the dispersion relation of the K–H instability. The critical shear required to excite the K–H instability (S > Scrit) decreases with an increase in the dust polarization parameter and dust cyclotron frequency. The growth rate of the K–H instability is observed to be suppressed due to the presence of the dust polarization parameter. The results have been discussed for experimental magnetized dusty plasmas, which shows that under considered parametric limits, one cannot ignore the presence of dust polarization force on the excitation of the K–H instability in dusty plasmas. The astrophysical consequences are also discussed in Saturn’s E-ring in the limiting case of varying dust grain size.
An unconventional superconductor isn’t so odd after all
Authors: Lopatka Alex
Published: September 2021

NMR measurements and previously published specific-heat data rule out earlier claims of strontium ruthenate’s spin-triplet superconductivity.
Better ways to store energy are needed to attain Biden’s carbon-free grid
Authors: Kramer David
Published: September 2021

Experts say lithium-ion batteries will be overtaken for grid-scale energy-storage applications by other battery technologies and nonchemical storage.
Optical scheme to demonstrate state-independent quantum contextuality
Authors: He Ya-Ping , Qu Deng-Ke , Xiao Lei , Wang Kun-Kun , Zhan Xiang
Published: September 2021

The contradiction between classical and quantum physics can be identified through quantum contextuality, which does not need composite systems or spacelike separation. Contextuality is proven either by a logical contradiction between the noncontextuality hidden variable predictions and those of quantum mechanics or by the violation of noncontextual inequality. We propose an experimental scheme of state-independent contextual inequality derived from the Mermin proof of the Kochen–Specker (KS) theorem in eight-dimensional Hilbert space, which could be observed either in an individual system or in a composite system. We also show how to resolve the compatibility problems. Our scheme can be implemented in optical systems with current experiment techniques.
Recent progress in design of conductive polymers to improve the thermoelectric performance
Authors: Xu Zhen , Li Hui , Chen Lidong
Published: September 2021

Organic semiconductors, especially polymer semiconductors, have attracted extensive attention as organic thermoelectric materials due to their capabilities for flexibility, low-cost fabrication, solution processability and low thermal conductivity. However, it is challenging to obtain high-performance organic thermoelectric materials because of the low intrinsic carrier concentration of organic semiconductors. The main method to control the carrier concentration of polymers is the chemical doping process by charge transfer between polymer and dopant. Therefore, the deep understanding of doping mechanisms from the point view of chemical structure has been highly desired to overcome the bottlenecks in polymeric thermoelectrics. In this contribution, we will briefly review the recently emerging progress for discovering the structure–property relationship of organic thermoelectric materials with high performance. Highlights include some achievements about doping strategies to effectively modulate the carrier concentration, the design rules of building blocks and side chains to enhance charge transport and improve the doping efficiency. Finally, we will give our viewpoints on the challenges and opportunities in the field of polymer thermoelectric materials.
Land-use change from food to energy: meta-analysis unravels effects of bioenergy on biodiversity and cultural ecosystem services
Authors: Donnison Caspar , Holland Robert A , Harris Zoe M , Eigenbrod Felix , Taylor Gail
Published: September 2021

Bioenergy has been identified as a key contributor to future energy scenarios consistent with the Paris Agreement targets, and is relied upon in scenarios both with and without bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, owing to the multiple ways in which bioenergy can substitute fossil fuels. Understanding the environmental and societal impacts of land-use change (LUC) to bioenergy crops is important in determining where and how they could be deployed, and the resulting trade-offs and co-benefits. We use systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the existing literature on two poorly understood impacts of this LUC that are likely to have an important effect on public acceptability: cultural ecosystem services and biodiversity. We focus on the impact of LUC to non-food bioenergy crops on agricultural landscapes, where large-scale bioenergy planting may be required. Our meta-analysis finds strong benefits for biodiversity overall (up 75% ± 13%), with particular benefits for bird abundance (+81% ± 32%), bird species richness (+100% ± 31%), arthropod abundance (+52% ± 36%), microbial biomass (+77% ± 24%), and plant species richness (+25% ± 22%), when land moves out of either arable crops or grassland to bioenergy production. Conversions from arable land to energy trees led to particularly strong benefits, providing an insight into how future LUC to non-food bioenergy crops could support biodiversity. There were inadequate data to complete a meta-analysis on the effects of non-food bioenergy crops on cultural ecosystem services, and few generalizable conclusions from a systematic review of the literature, however, findings highlight the importance of landscape context and planting strategies in determining impact. Our findings demonstrate improved farm-scale biodiversity on agricultural land with non-food bioenergy crops, but also limited knowledge concerning public response to this LUC, which could prove crucial to the successful expansion of bioenergy to meet the Paris targets.
The effect analysis of wind speed variation to the horizontal axis wind turbine design with Q-blade
Authors: Samosir A S , Riszal A
Published: September 2021

Wind energy is renewable energy that environmentally friendly. One of the utilizations of wind energy is conversing the wind turbine. The wind turbine is an energy conversion device to convert wind energy into mechanical energy and convert it into electricity through the generator. The size of the power produced by wind turbine depends on the wind speed and the type of turbine that is used. In this research, the researchers design the wind turbine with wind speed variations. The purpose of the designing and the analysing the wind speed is to design a low wind turbine using number of blade 5 model. The objective of this study was to design a wind turbine with variations in wind speed of 2 m/s, 3 m/s, 4 m/s, 5 m/s and 6 m/s using number of blade 5 model wind turbine horizontal axis, rotor diameter of 1.4 m and this rotor used NACA 4412 air foil type. The method that is used in this study is Blade Element Momentum (BEM) and Q-Blade software for designing the simulation. The results of this study, the researchers found there is an increase in power as the wind speed increases.
Coal velocity and proximate analysis relationship using Multiple Linear Regression
Authors: Erfani S , Siregar F M S , Zaenudin A , Rustadi  , Yogi I B S , Wibowo R C
Published: September 2021

Coal properties such a velocity (Vp) are essential to building a lateral distribution of coal seam using seismic data. The experimental determination of velocity analysis is sophisticated, long time consumed, and expensive. On the contrary, statistical approaches such as linear regression can be run rapidly. The study’s two main objectives were to develop models for coal velocity using well log data variables (density and natural Gamma-Ray) and found the relationship between velocity with proximate analysis results. Multiple linear regression (MLR) methods were applied to estimate Vp’s relationship between estimated and proximate analysis. By conducting cross-validation, the prediction analysis of the models has been tested by using R2. The result showed that between Vp estimated versus Vp log have R2 0.80 and Vp estimated versus proximate analysis that reflected have R2 of 0.52. Correlations can estimate the relationship between Vp and proximate analysis, then applied that correlation to distributed in seismic volume to obtain coal seam characteristic.
Investigation and modelling of the flood control system in the Aerotropolis of Yogyakarta International Airport
Authors: Fadilah S , Istiarto  , Legono D
Published: September 2021

The New Yogyakarta International Airport has become one of Indonesia’s National strategic projects and potentially support the development of the Aerotropolis area around the airport. Located on the southern coast of Yogyakarta with rivers at the airport’s upstream, flooding can be a threat to the Aerotropolis area and the Yogyakarta International Airport. This research aims to investigate and model the flood review of the existing design of the flood control system of the Aerotropolis area and find out the possible option of better flood control in the area. The one-dimensional Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) 4.1 was used to simulate the flood and its control in the Aerotropolis area. Simulation of flood control options includes river normalization, optimization of flood gates, retarding basin, and flood pumps. The present study proposed adjustment of performing in the use of a flood control alternative. Alternative flood control at each flood-prone area was adjusted to the level of flooding risk in the area. In conclusion, the use of retarding basin and flood pumps highly recommended to prevent flooding at the Aerotropolis area of Yogyakarta International Airport.
Optimization of X-ray parameter monitor wireless system based on internet of things
Authors: Triani A B , Budiyanto S , Adriansyah A , Alaydrus M
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to develop a non-invasive X-ray acceptance test device with an internet of things (IoT) based on monitoring system as an interface connection. This experiment uses an application with IoT technology as a graphical user interface for the X-ray acceptance test prototype. The experiment is done by measuring the value of the kilovolt and millisecond on the General X-ray machine. The data result will be compared with the traceable X-ray calibrator as reference value. The overall average percentage of error result is 99.26% and the percentage of accuracy is 0.74%. It is generally concluded that this prototype experiment has good results and can be used as a X-ray acceptance test equipment.
Concentration profile and water level effect on the evaporation in the spent nuclear fuel storage pool using a diffusion approach
Authors: Sundari T , Wahid A
Published: September 2021

In the spent nuclear fuel storage pool (SFSP) of GA Siwabessy Multipurpose Reactor (GAS-MPR), there are three status of pool water level with unknown effect of water level on evaporation rate. This study aims to determine the effect of pool water level on the evaporation rate in the SFSP, so that it can be a consideration in minimizing the evaporation rate. A prediction of water evaporation rate can be explained as a diffusion model through a stagnant gas film. A numerical method, 4th order Runge-Kutta was used to describe the concentration profile of water and air over a SFSP column to the top of the pool. The effect of the water level can be explained then. The various distance of the water to the pool top at constant water temperature and constant air temperature shows a result that the evaporation rate is decreasing while the distance of the water to the pool top is increasing. The investigation results conclude that the closer of the liquid-water surface to the gas-air flow, increases the evaporation rate. This approach can be applied in a SFSP that has an abundant amount of water, the water temperature remained constant by operation of the water-cooling system, air temperature, pressure, and relative humidity remained constant as well by the operation of ventilation and air conditioning (VAC) system. Those constant conditions were stated as normal operation in SFSP of GAS-MPR. In the case of abnormal conditions such as the VAC not operating or the water-cooling system not operating, there will be dynamics of pool water and air temperatures which require further modeling research.
Determine the dynamic load acting on the chassis of multipurpose forest fire fighting vehicle
Authors: Van L V , Tung N T
Published: September 2021

Multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle is produced in Viet Nam include a combination of fire fighting equipment such as high-pressure water pump, create corridor fire insulation cutting machine, vacuum and high wind speed bowling machine, extinguish the fire sand blast apparatus that is mounted active three axles vehicle. The paper presents how to determine the dynamic load acting on the chassis by 3D modeling method. The results of this study are the input parameters for assessing the durability of the chassis of multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle.
Reduced-order modelling of unsteady vortex lattice method
Authors: Bundith P , Pimanprom P , Janthornsirijan W , Punkun C , Sleesongsom S , Bureerat S
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to present a new idea of reduced-order modelling of unsteady flows without static correction, which is based on fluid eigenmodes. The new reduced order model is formulated based on a new form of wake vortices without static correction. This technique is expected to perform a reduced-order model similar but faster than the previous techniques. The new method is used to analyse unsteady flows over a three-dimensional wing and comparing with the previous techniques. The performances of the present method are demonstrated with numerical examples. The results show the accuracy of the new reduced-order model of unsteady flow with higher computational efficiency. In conclusion, the new method can be considered as an alternative technique to perform the reduced-order models of unsteady flow.
Preliminary design of bionic flapping wing vehicle
Authors: Moelyadi M A , Amalia E , Tanoto A D , Septiani L M , Rafie M , Perdana A S , Agung R
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with the preliminary design of bionic flapping wing vehicle. The design is driven by its requirement and objective namely the maximum weight should be less than 0.5 kg with 1.5 m wingspan. In the conceptual design, the wing planform, wing structures and system of flapping mechanism will be considered to find the initial configuration and then continued the sizing of the flapping vehicle. The analysis of designed flapping vehicle is increasingly complex due to firstly the generation of time-dependent aerodynamic forces and moments from unsteady flow around the flapping wing, secondly, flexible wing structure which generates higher thrust may cause a structure failure and thirdly, a flapping mechanism system generating differential flapping motion for the vehicle maneuver. The aerodynamic analysis for given flapping motion model is carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics method based the solution of unsteady Reynold Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the structure analysis is conducted with the input of aerodynamic loads using Finite Element method to find critical stresses that may cause a structure failure. As a solution of differential flapping two controlled servos are used. The architecture of electrical system is made to analysis of the distribution of data signal and power. The flight maneuver is achieved by changes in flapping frequency and sweeping angle. The selection of system components is performed by considering weight constraint. The flight maneuver is achieved by changes in flapping frequency and sweeping angle. The wing platform has elliptical shape with airfoil maximum camber of 6% chord at a quarter chord. The outer body and wing are made of foam laminated by glass fibre with the foam density of 0.045 g/cm3. The horizontal tail is made of mylar film with density of 1.38 g/cm3 and its area of 168.3 cm2. As simulated results, the amount of total lift is 4.18 Newton generated at 6 Hz flapping frequency.
Design, development and testing of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) eco-solar dryer
Authors: Lim B C , Wash A M , Arifin S S , Kassim N S , Tan A S T , Abdullah A , Zal W A A , Janaun J
Published: September 2021

Utilization of solar drying for food preservation would be a step towards sustainable food processing. Even today, most of the agricultural and marine products are dried under open sun-drying. However, this method is associated with several drawbacks, which then leads to the use of solar dryer. Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) has developed a solar drying system with loading capacity of 50kg to enhance the drying process of various food products. Design parameters particularly focused in this project includes the air movement pattern in drying chamber, heating system employed, air circulation ventilation and the airflow configuration in solar heat collector. Results revealed that solar dried products attained desired moisture content in shorter drying time. Temperature profile in updraft and downdraft drying mode indicated that no temperature fluctuation occurred when switching in between. Maximum temperature achieved under complete solar mode were 65°C and 83°C for single-pass and multi-pass solar heat collector, respectively. Under solar-hybrid mode, higher temperature was attained under intermittent ventilation mode. It can be concluded that UMS Eco-Solar Dryer is an environmentally and economically efficient drying system for the food processing industry.
Inorganic flame retardants’ efficacy of Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide in the combustion rate of intermediate Calamagrostis from Ecuador’ Moorlands
Authors: Córdova-Suárez M , Barreno-Avila E M , Pozo-Álvarez D S , Córdova-Suárez J C
Published: September 2021

In this research, intermediate calamagrostis vegetal fiber (FIC) combined samples were carried out in combination with polyester resin (RP), Aluminum Hydroxide (HA) and Magnesium Hydroxide (MH). The aim of this study is to determine inorganic flame-retardant effectiveness in the intermediate calamagrostis’ combustion rate reduction from Ecuador’s moorlands and possible forest fires’ control of this endemic plant species. The flammability index was obtained following the ISO 3795 standard; In addition, the contamination degree: Carbon Monoxide (CO) was determined, following the standard EPA 40 CFR, method 60 Annex A. The composite material was evaluated in a horizontal flammability chamber. Furthermore, the experimental design considered seven tests, one control and two flame retardants’ types. Aluminium Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide accounted for three different concentrations at 3%, 6% and 9% percent each one. Thus, these flame retardants’ effectiveness was greater for Aluminium Hydroxides at all the proposed concentrations, while for Magnesium Hydroxide; its effectiveness was positive for a concentration of 9% only. The study determines that the best combination of materials are: 70% FIC, 21% PR, 9% HA, resulting in a combustion rate of 190.98 mm / min and self-extinguishing capacity. Finally, an average decrease of 50% in the generation of CO and the amount of smoke was determined.
Influence of Textured Nickel/Palladium/Gold-Silver (Ni/Pd/Au-Ag) Layer on Pre-plated Leadframe for Automotive Applications
Authors: Suhaimi A , Omar G , Asmah M T
Published: September 2021

High quality and reliability of integrated circuit packaging is required for automotive applications due to the safety concerns. Therefore, elimination and controlling the package defects which can lead to reliability failure is essential. One of the defects that leads to reliability issue is delamination. This study presents the influence of textured leadframe surfaces on the surface wettability and delamination occurrence in automotive package unit. Standard bare Cu leadframe was used as comparison. The leadframe surface was textured with Ni/Pd/Au-Ag using electroplating technique. The surface morphologies of both bare and textured leadframe were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscope and optical profiler. The energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to quantify the elemental composition of the samples. All samples went through the wettability test under two conditions, which were room temperature and 175°C. The reliability test of complete package was subjected to moisture sensitivity preconditioning level 1 according to IPC/JEDEC STD 020 and the baking process was performed at 125°C for 24hrs followed by soaking process under the condition of 85°C and 85 of relative humidity. Scanning acoustic tomography according to IPC/JEDEC STD 035 was performed after three cycles of infrared reflow at 260°C. Higher surface roughness was observed for pre-plated leadframe (PPF) compared with bare leadframe. The lowest value of average contact angle (∼55°) was observed for PPF at 175°C indicated better wettability feature. Furthermore, no delamination occurrence was observed for PPF sample compared with bare copper leadframe. The obtained result reveals that leadframe with textured surface of Ni/Pd/Au-Ag improved interfacial surface adhesion which eliminated the delamination defect and thus improved the package robustness and reliability.
On the existence of abelian surfaces with everywhere good reduction
Authors: Dembélé Lassina
Published: September 2021

Let

D
≤
2000

D \le 2000

be a positive discriminant such that

F
=

Q

(

D

)

F = \mathbf {Q}(\sqrt {D})

has narrow class number one, and

A

/

F

A/F

an abelian surface of

GL
2

\operatorname {GL}_2

-type with everywhere good reduction. Assuming that

A
A

is modular, we show that

A
A

is either a

Q

\mathbf {Q}

-surface or is a base change from

Q

\mathbf {Q}

of an abelian surface

B
B

such that

End

Q

⁡
(
B
)
=

Z

\operatorname {End}_\mathbf {Q}(B) = \mathbf {Z}

, except for

D
=
353
,
421
,
1321
,
1597

D = 353, 421, 1321, 1597

and

1997
1997

. In the latter case, we show that there are indeed abelian surfaces with everywhere good reduction over

F
F

for

D
=
353
,
421

D = 353, 421

and

1597
1597

, which are non-isogenous to their Galois conjugates. These are the first known such examples.
Superconvergence of time invariants for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation
Authors: Henning Patrick , Wärnegård Johan
Published: September 2021

This paper considers the numerical treatment of the time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation. In order to conserve the time invariants of the equation as accurately as possible, we propose a Crank–Nicolson-type time discretization that is combined with a suitable generalized finite element discretization in space. The space discretization is based on the technique of Localized Orthogonal Decompositions and allows to capture the time invariants with an accuracy of order

O

(

H
6

)

\mathcal {O}(H^6)

with respect to the chosen mesh size

H
H

. This accuracy is preserved due to the conservation properties of the time stepping method. Furthermore, we prove that the resulting scheme approximates the exact solution in the

L

∞

(

L
2

)

L^{\infty }(L^2)

-norm with order

O

(

τ
2

+

H
4

)

\mathcal {O}(\tau ^2 + H^4)

, where

τ
\tau

denotes the step size. The computational efficiency of the method is demonstrated in numerical experiments for a benchmark problem with known exact solution.
Diverging orbits for the Ehrlich–Aberth and the Weierstrass root finders
Authors: Reinke Bernhard
Published: September 2021

We show that several well known higher dimensional methods for finding roots of univariate polynomials have infinite orbits that diverge to infinity: in particular, the “Weierstrass” (Durand–Kerner) and the “Ehrlich–Aberth” methods. This is possible for the Jacobi update scheme (all coordinates are updated in parallel) as well as Gauss–Seidel (any coordinate update is used for all subsequent coordinates).

These root finding methods are in active use in practice, but very little is known about their global dynamical properties, and diverging orbits were discovered only recently for one of them. Our results are established by a combination of methods from dynamical systems and computer algebra.
On Grauert’s examples of complete Kähler metrics
Authors: Gehlawat Sahil , Verma Kaushal
Published: September 2021

Grauert showed that the existence of a complete Kähler metric does not characterize domains of holomorphy by constructing such metrics on the complements of complex analytic sets in a domain of holomorphy. In this note, we study the holomorphic sectional curvatures of such metrics in two prototype cases namely,

C

n

∖
{
0
}
,
n
≥
2

\mathbb {C}^n \setminus \{0\}, n \ge 2

and

B

N

∖
A

\mathbb {B}^N \setminus A

,

N
≥
2

N \ge 2

and

A
⊂

B

N

A \subset \mathbb {B}^N

is a hyperplane of codimension at least two. This is done by computing the Gaussian curvature of the restriction of these metrics to the leaves of a suitable holomorphic foliation in these two examples. We also examine this metric on the punctured plane

C

∗

\mathbb {C}^{\ast }

and show that it behaves very differently in this case.
Estimates on fundamental solutions of parabolic magnetic Schrödinger operators and uniform parabolic equations with nonnegative potentials and their applications
Authors: Tang Lin , Zhao Yuan
Published: September 2021

We study the fundamental solutions of parabolic magnetic Schrödinger operators and uniform parabolic operators with nonnegative potentials in the reverse Hölder class. The main aim of the paper is to give pointwise estimates of the heat kernel of the operators above, which improve and generalize the main results by Kurata [J. London Math. Soc. (2) 62 (2000), pp. 885–903].
Free Banach lattices generated by a lattice and projectivity
Authors: Avilés Antonio , Martínez-Cervantes Gonzalo , Rodríguez Abellán José , Zoca Abraham
Published: September 2021

In this article we deal with the free Banach lattice

F
B
L
⟨

L

⟩

FBL\langle \mathbb {L} \rangle

generated by a lattice

L

\mathbb {L}

. We prove that if

F
B
L
⟨

L

⟩

FBL\langle \mathbb {L} \rangle

is projective then

L

\mathbb {L}

has a maximum and a minimum. On the other hand, we show that if

L

\mathbb {L}

has maximum and minimum then

F
B
L
⟨

L

⟩

FBL\langle \mathbb {L} \rangle

is

2
2

-lattice isomorphic to a

C
(
K
)

C(K)

-space. As a consequence,

F
B
L
⟨

L

⟩

FBL\langle \mathbb {L} \rangle

is projective if and only if it is lattice isomorphic to a

C
(
K
)

C(K)

-space with

K
K

being an absolute neighborhood retract. As an application, we characterize those linearly ordered sets and Boolean algebras for which the corresponding free Banach lattice is projective.
Coprime automorphisms of finite groups
Authors: Acciarri Cristina , Guralnick Robert , Shumyatsky Pavel
Published: September 2021

Let

G
G

be a finite group admitting a coprime automorphism

α
\alpha

of order

e
e

. Denote by

I
G

(
α
)

I_G(\alpha )

the set of commutators

g

−
1

g
α

g^{-1}g^\alpha

, where

g
∈
G

g\in G

, and by

[
G
,
α
]

[G,\alpha ]

the subgroup generated by

I
G

(
α
)

I_G(\alpha )

. We study the impact of

I
G

(
α
)

I_G(\alpha )

on the structure of

[
G
,
α
]

[G,\alpha ]

. Suppose that each subgroup generated by a subset of

I
G

(
α
)

I_G(\alpha )

can be generated by at most

r
r

elements. We show that the rank of

[
G
,
α
]

[G,\alpha ]

is

(
e
,
r
)

(e,r)

-bounded. Along the way, we establish several results of independent interest. In particular, we prove that if every element of

I
G

(
α
)

I_G(\alpha )

has odd order, then

[
G
,
α
]

[G,\alpha ]

has odd order too. Further, if every pair of elements from

I
G

(
α
)

I_G(\alpha )

generates a soluble, or nilpotent, subgroup, then

[
G
,
α
]

[G,\alpha ]

is soluble, or respectively nilpotent.
Cardiovascular disease related circulating biomarkers and cancer incidence and mortality: is there an association?
Authors: Jovani Manol , Liu Elizabeth E , Paniagua Samantha M , Lau Emily S , Li Shawn X , Takvorian Katherine S , Kreger Bernard E , Splansky Greta Lee , de Boer Rudolf A , Joshi Amit D , Hwang Shih Jen , Yao Chen , Huan Tianxiao , Courchesne Paul , Larson Martin G , Levy Daniel , Chan Andrew T , Ho Jennifer E
Published: September 2021

Aims

Recent studies suggest an association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer incidence/mortality, but the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. We aimed to examine biomarkers previously associated with CVD and study their association with incident cancer and cancer-related death in a prospective cohort study.

Methods and results

We used a proteomic platform to measure 71 cardiovascular biomarkers among 5032 participants in the Framingham Heart Study who were free of cancer at baseline. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox models to examine the association of circulating protein biomarkers with risk of cancer incidence and mortality. To account for multiple testing, we set a 2-sided false discovery rate <0.05. Growth differentiation factor-15 (also known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1) was associated with increased risk of incident cancer [hazards ratio (HR) per 1 standard deviation increment 1.31, 95% CI 1.17–1.47], incident gastrointestinal cancer (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.37–2.50), incident colorectal cancer (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.29–2.91), and cancer-related death (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.72–2.70). Stromal cell-derived factor-1 showed an inverse association with cancer-related death (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.86). Fibroblast growth factor-23 showed an association with colorectal cancer (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.20–2.00), and granulin was associated with haematologic cancer (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.30–1.99). Other circulating biomarkers of inflammation, immune activation, metabolism, and fibrosis showed suggestive associations with future cancer diagnosis.

Conclusion

We observed several significant associations between circulating CVD biomarkers and cancer, supporting the idea that shared biological pathways underlie both diseases. Further investigations of specific mechanisms that lead to both CVD and cancer are warranted.
The Ancient Salicoid Genome Duplication Event: A Platform for Reconstruction of De Novo Gene Evolution inPopulus trichocarpa
Authors: Yates Timothy B , Feng Kai , Zhang Jin , Singan Vasanth , Jawdy Sara S , Ranjan Priya , Abraham Paul E , Barry Kerrie , Lipzen Anna , Pan Chongle , Schmutz Jeremy , Chen Jin-Gui , Tuskan Gerald A , Muchero Wellington
Published: September 2021

Orphan genes are characteristic genomic features that have no detectable homology to genes in any other species and represent an important attribute of genome evolution as sources of novel genetic functions. Here, we identified 445 genes specific to Populus trichocarpa. Of these, we performed deeper reconstruction of 13 orphan genes to provide evidence of de novo gene evolution. Populus and its sister genera Salix are particularly well suited for the study of orphan gene evolution because of the Salicoid whole-genome duplication event which resulted in highly syntenic sister chromosomal segments across the Salicaceae. We leveraged this genomic feature to reconstruct de novo gene evolution from intergenera, interspecies, and intragenomic perspectives by comparing the syntenic regions within the P. trichocarpa reference, then P. deltoides, and finally Salix purpurea. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 86.5% of the putative orphan genes had evidence of transcription. Additionally, we also utilized the Populus genome-wide association mapping panel, a collection of 1,084 undomesticated P. trichocarpa genotypes to further determine putative regulatory networks of orphan genes using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. Functional enrichment of these eQTL subnetworks identified common biological themes associated with orphan genes such as response to stress and defense response. We also identify a putative cis-element for a de novo gene and leverage conserved synteny to describe evolution of a putative transcription factor binding site. Overall, 45% of orphan genes were captured in trans-eQTL networks.
Bocardo SA v Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd [2010] UKSC 35, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bocardo SA v Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd [2010] UKSC 35, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Elitestone v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Elitestone v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Jones v Kernott [2011] UKSC 53, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2021

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Jones v Kernott [2011] UKSC 53, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.