bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODELING AND VERIFICATION OF REAL-TIME SYSTEMS
Authors: Erbas Cengiz , Tanik Murat M.
Published: November 2024

One aspect that separates real-time programs from sequential and concurrent programs is that correctness depends not only on the logical correctness but also on the temporal properties of the system. In a multiprocessor environment, the allocation of processes among processors and the scheduling policy of each processor are two essential parameters that affect timing behavior of the system, and should be considered in formal modeling and verification techniques. In this paper, we introduce a precedence graph based model for real-time systems. Then, based on this model, we develop an axiomatic approach to reason about the timing behavior of real-time programs. The approach is demonstrated for maximal parallelism and priority based preemptive scheduling.
ADVANCED TOPICS IN WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT: ISSUES, REQUIREMENTS, AND	SOLUTIONS
Authors: van der Aalst Wil M.P. , Weske Mathias , Wirtz Guido
Published: November 2024

This paper surveys and investigates the strengths and weaknesses of a number of recent approaches to advanced workflow modelling. Rather than inventing just another workflow language, we briefly describe recent workflow languages, and we analyse them with respect to their support for advanced workflow topics. Object Coordination Nets, Workflow Graphs, WorkFlow Nets, and an approach based on Workflow Evolution are described as dedicated workflow modelling approaches. In addition, the Unified Modelling Language as the de facto standard in object-oriented modelling is also investigated. These approaches are discussed with respect to coverage of workflow perspectives and support for flexibility and analysis issues in workflow management, which are today seen as two major areas for advanced workflow support. Given the different goals and backgrounds of the approaches mentioned, it is not surprising that each approach has its specific strengths and weaknesses. We clearly identify these strengths and weaknesses, and we conclude with ideas for combining their best features.
A DISTRIBUTED MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION FRAMEWORK:	TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION
Authors: Shen Weiming , Ghenniwa Hamada
Published: November 2024

Web technology is playing an increasingly important role in collaborative product development systems. However, traditional Web-based applications were developed using client/server architecture for information sharing, which lacks a proper support for non-deterministic ad hoc interaction and integration of distributed capabilities. This paper presents some results of an on-going research project on developing a distributed multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) framework that integrates Internet, Web and agent technologies. The primary goal is to develop a collaborative distributed MDO environment that integrates traditional and state-of-the-art technologies. The principle is to leverage the right technology for the appropriate purpose. In this paper the MDO environment is modeled as a society of agents. Agent-oriented negotiation is employed in computing resource management or load balancing. Web-based interfaces provide the vehicle for the users to access the MDO software environment and collaborate with each other. Active Web servers provide a way to integrate legacy systems separated by firewalls. The paper describes the proposed framework; presents a prototype environment for blow molded automotive parts design; and addresses some key issues in system implementation.
THE HUMANIZATION, PERSONALIZATION AND AUTHENTICATION ISSUES IN THE	DESIGN OF INTERACTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Suzuki Kenji , Ramamoorthy Chittoor V.
Published: November 2024

The evolution and dominance of service functions in addition to their distinguishing features has been the subject of study for years. Service functions aim to satisfy and facilitate the needs of their customers. In doing so, service providers design the service functions so that the customers feel comfortable and convenient when using them. The evolution of technology and automation has enabled functions like knowledge-intensive man-machine interactions to be flexible and user friendly. In this paper, we discuss a wide range of interconnected topics, emphasizing the multi-faceted nature of service functions. These areas include the evolution of service functions and their associated systems and products, as well as the consequent creation of implicit requirements, the technology transfer process, and the error proneness due to intense and prolonged interaction. We argue that by proper 'humanization and personalization' the service-based interactive systems can be made easy for the customer to use and enjoy personalized services. We conclude that by introducing transparent feedback mechanisms, the quality of service and its associated systems can be automatically monitored and their functions can be continuously improved. We also note that such feedback mechanisms must guarantee the preservation of the customers?privacy.
AN OBJECT-ORIENTED METAMODEL FOR INTER-ENTERPRISES COOPERATIVE	PROCESSES BASED ON WEB SERVICES
Authors: Bhiri Sami , Perrin Olivier , Gaaloul Walid , Godart Claude
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we are interested in inter-enterprises cooperation based on Web services and emerged problems. On one hand, the dynamic and non-deterministic nature of cooperation requires both flexibility and elasticity of the process that supports this cooperation. On the other hand, the current Web services emergence, in addition to the new requirements and challenges of inter-enterprises cooperation (due to virtual enterprises achievement), have lead to addressing and resolving the problem of finding a compromise between transparency and confidentiality. In this paper, we introduce a generic object-oriented metamodel for cooperative processes. This metamodel will be used as a basic micro-core for both cooperative processes description (trying to face problems raised above, and inter-enterprises cooperative processes modeling. We present a process abstraction, named service process, allowing enterprises to externalize their business processes as Web services, while mastering the compromise between transparency and confidentiality.
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS BY EXTENDED STATE TRANSITIONS DIAGRAM BASED ON	LIFECYCLE AND VARIOUS ATTRIBUTES OF OBJECT
Authors: Sakurai Sanae , Kawabata Ryo , Itoh Kiyoshi , Okubo Naru
Published: November 2024

System analysis and modeling method based on lifecycle and various attributes of object is proposed in order to support system development and reuse. This method is intended to comprehend the life cycle of an object by grasping object information as an aggregate of information for an object's attribute and by integrating a state transition for each object's attributes. In this paper, we define (1) state, (2) attribute, (3) occurrence and merging of information and substance, propose an analysis method by Extended State Transitions Diagram (STD) (Lifecycle STD/Attribute STD/Attribute Integrated STD), and describe the results of its application for wholesale as an example.
FORMAL METHODS FOR QUALITY OF SERVICE ANALYSIS IN COMPONENT-BASED	DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
Authors: Yang Chunmin , Bryant Barrett R. , Burt Carol C. , Raje Rajeev R. , Olson Andrew M. , Auguston Mikhail
Published: November 2024

Component-Based Software Architecture is a promising solution for realizing distributed computing systems. To develop high quality software for such systems, an analysis of non-functional aspects of the software properties (also called Quality of Service or QoS) is very important. The UniFrame research project defines a Unified Meta-Component Model Framework (UniFrame) that includes a notion of QoS contracts. A classification of Quality of Service parameters, both static and dynamic, relevant to component-based distributed computing is developed and represented formally using Two-Level Grammar (TLG), an object-oriented formal specification language. TLG may be transformed into both a UML model, augmented with OCL constraints, and executable code in the Java programming language. This may be regarded as standardized code for implementation of the distributed application with dynamic measurement of the Quality of Service aspects incorporated. The approach is consistent with OMG's Model Driven Architecture (MDA) in that QoS properties may be specified at the Platform Independent Model (PIM) level and then carried down to the Platform Specific Model (PSM) level in implementation.
ENVIRONMENT-BASED FORMULATION OF DESIGN PROBLEM
Authors: Zeng Yong
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a formal definition of design problem using the axiomatic theory of design modeling. Based on the concept of product system and an informal description of design problem, a design problem is formulated into three parts: environment, structural requirements, as well as performance requirements. On the basis of this formulation, both structural requirements and performance requirements are related to product environment, which is divided into natural, built, and human environments. As a result, product environment is identified as the source of product requirements. An environment-based formulation of design problem is thus developed. This formulation implies that both design problem and design solutions are included in a product system. The design governing equation is formulated to capture the interdependence relation between product problem and product descriptions along the design process. An example of rivet setting tool design is used to illustrate the mathematical formulations throughout the paper.
EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS METHOD BY REUSING MCM FOR COLLABORATION	TASK
Authors: Kawabata Ryo , Hasegawa Akiko , Itoh Kiyoshi
Published: November 2024

It is important to analyze systems in terms of collaboration tasks because the task is often observed in many systems. Collaboration tasks include various participants such as individuals, organizations and facilities. They perform activities by sharing and exchanging information and material. The authors employ a Multi-Context Map (MCM) for describing collaboration tasks. An MCM is described by connecting Context maps (CM) which have multiple perspectives. An MCM is an effective method for analyzing and describing collaboration task. The authors propose the method for describing collaboration tasks by reusing MCM. It is effective to reuse MCM for describing a new MCM, because the similar tasks can be performed in some other systems. Same kinds of Perspectives, Information, Tokens and Materials can be used in the task. The tasks can be represented by a cascade of three or four CMs. The reusable task can be found in terms of the combination of two or three perspectives. The names of the components such as perspectives, activities, etc. can be represented by using synonyms. It is possible to identify these components by using the thesaurus. The navigation tool for supporting the process is developed.
A PERSPECTIVE FOR INNOVATION ENABLING EDUCATION FOR JAPANESE	ENGINEERS
Authors: Sato Chie , Kumagai Satoshi , Tsukuda Junsei , Numata Jun
Published: November 2024

Innovation-related education is regarded increasingly important in Japan these days, especially for engineers, and a corresponding education, innovation enabling education entitled "Innovation Engineering", has been developed as part of a planned MOT course at Musashi Institute of Technology, and verified through trial provision of the education. Considering some inherent features of Japanese companies, such as an inward-looking attitude in thinking and a middle manager's role characterized by the middle-up-down management model, emphases in the development has been placed on the following three points; expanding the horizon of engineers, providing a practical tool for engineers, and working on innovation enabling environments of business practices, and the intended students were set to be engineers at middle management positions. We have proposed a new concept of innovation enabling in practical business environments, as a core of the innovation enabling education for engineers, and named it "Innovation Engineering." A framework, called 2D Matrix, is developed along with this concept, in order to offer some objective and analytical perspectives to middle-management engineers, by especially distinguishing management activities and operational practices.The developed education course of twelve modules has been shortened to four-module seminar, and tested through the trial provision. By taking appraisal of the attendants there, the contents of education and the background concept have been proven to be well-accepted and verified for its importance. This kind of methodological approach could be a good first step for them to expand organizational and managerial horizon in an organization.
DESIGNING HUMAN-CENTRED UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Fengjun , Jin Hong , Wang Danli , Wang Hongan , Da Guozhongi
Published: November 2024

We are entering the age of Ubiquitous Computing, and its most distinguished advantage is invisibility of computing. The essence of invisible computing is the invisibility of Human-computer Interaction, as people can focus their attention on the content instead of the tools they are using. This paper studies how to make computers invisible, and proposes a framework of online invisible computing and offline invisible computing. Online invisible computing is Intelligent Human Computer Interaction, where the computers function as intelligent agents; whereas offline invisible computing as in Natural Human Computer Interaction, people are able to use the computers without much conscious effort. This paper focuses the study on offline invisible computing which needs only minimal users' attention when the users are using computers. The paper attempts to realize invisible computing with Affordances, especially designing Action Affordances in computers. In the Ubiquitous Computing age, the computers would not only be invisible but also be embedded in the environment where people are living, so Human-Computer Interaction could not be separated from the environment any more; User & Environment Centred Design (UECD), a new designing method for ubiquitous computing is also proposed in this paper. A Pen Based User Interface system is developed as the first step to invisible computing.
A GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING SYSTEM BASED ON KEPNER-TREGOE PROGRAM:	EXPERIMENT-BASED CONFIRMATION OF EFFECTIVENESS AS COORDINATOR SUPPORT	FACICLITIES
Authors: Nakamura Keiichi , Yaegashi Rihito , Suzuki Satoshi , Nakamaru Manabu , Ido Takaaki , Komiya Seiichi
Published: November 2024

Group Problem Solving is a mechanism which all the participants collaboratively solve a problem by utilizing their knowledge and experience. Therefore, if this mechanism is used skilfully for problem solving, it is more effective in solving a problem than solving the problem for oneself. However, since it is not easy to use the mechanism effectively, the success of Group Problem Solving depends on whether or not a coordinator is skill. Therefore, it is desired to implement a system to support group problem solving process strongly, so that all the participants can effectively utilize their knowledge and experiences in the process. The authors introduced Kepner-Tregoe program (strictly speaking, only "Problem Analysis"), which is a method for management, into the system as a method, and then they developed the system over WWW. They conducted an experiment on usability of the implemented system, and then they elicited some issues about coordinator support facilities of the implemented system, and improved the system. Furthermore, they conducted an experiment on usability of the improved system, and showed that the coordinator support facilities of the improved system were effective.
A PRINCIPLE-AGENT MODEL FOR DISTRIBUTED, COLLABORATIVE DESIGN	NEGOTIATION
Authors: Ganguly Sandipan , Wu Teresa
Published: November 2024

Modularization of design and the decreasing time-to-market of new products have placed increased emphasis on Collaborative Product Development (CPD) for success in the global market. We recognize the need for a general framework for design negotiation during CPD. In this research, we propose a principal-agent model for negotiation. The model incorporates a penalty induced negotiation (PIN) mechanism that decomposes the collaborative design into a sequence of decision making stages. The PIN mechanism introduces two types of agents: a principal agent that monitors and controls the iterative negotiation process, and design agents that represent the participants in the collaboration. The principal agent uses a multi-attribute utility based approach to penalize design agents that violate global constraints. The design agents are rational and react to penalties imposed on them by compromising their design in order to satisfy the violated global constraints. We illustrate the use of the mechanism on a pressure vessel design example.
DEVELOPING A DATABASE FOR AUTOMATING REGULATORY AFFAIRS IN THE	PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Slevin Lindi , Shojanoori Reza , Juric Radmila
Published: November 2024

The complex procedure of processing the marketing authorization of medicinal product licenses is a challenging task for government health authorities and the pharmaceutical industry across the world. Regulatory requirements have diverged significantly, and each country has its own regulations and procedures for marketing authorizations. The automation of and adequate software support for such procedures are critical factors that can improve the efficiency of regulatory authorities. In this paper we report on the design and implementation of a database whose role is to (a) support the automation of marketing authorization procedures, (b) address the interoperability of such procedures across the world, and (c) be reusable across a family of related applications. Our database is implemented in Oracle8i, and a distributed and component-based application has been built upon it using the J2EE technology.
A SYSTEM TO GUIDE INTERVIEW-DRIVEN REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION WORK:	DOMAIN – SPECIFIC NAVIGATION USING THE TRANSITION PATTERN OF TOPICS
Authors: Kozima Akira , Kiguchi Takahito , Yaegashi Rihito , Kinoshita Daisuke , Hayashi Yuichiro , Hashiura Hiroaki , Komiya Seiichi
Published: November 2024

Software is developed on the basis of requirements specification that described user's requirements. Since the software to be developed also contains some errors when the specification includes some errors and omissions of user's requirements, the work to remove software errors brings the process delay and large cost. Therefore, it is required to elicit user's software requirements without any omissions, to analyze the elicited requirements correctly, and to describe the specification. However, even if a worker is a experienced SE, it is not easy to perform these works correctly and efficiently. It is required to develop the technology to support requirements elicitation process. The authors regard software requirements elicitation technology as an interview technique, and propose a system to guide the SE's interview-driven requirements elicitation work. This paper describes a method to implement the system to guide software requirements elicitation work using some domain-specific rules based on the transition pattern of topics.
CREATING ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED THROUGH ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Scheel C.
Published: November 2024

The most effective economic impact of Information, Telecommunications and Computer Technologies (ICTs) on the competitive performance of a company is achieved when technologies are used to enable synergies among companies' core business activities, their supporting industrial structures and their external drivers, all together under a holistic framework and a common strategic vision of high competitiveness performances. Within this framework, it is possible to identify the effective influence of technological enablers over the regional macroeconomic drivers, the attractiveness of industrial sectors, their related and complementary industries, the strategic performance of individual companies, and, finally, over specific core processes of the business units, so as to create unique industrial competitive drivers. The purpose of this paper is to identify the ICT mechanisms, systems and strategies capable of creating effective economic value added, wealth and shared prosperity for firms, for their industrial sectors and for the communities of regions mainly of less developed countries.
INTELLIGENT AGENTS AS SYNTHETIC ROLE PLAYERS IN SCENARIO-BASED	TRAINING
Authors: Madni Azad M. , Madni Carla C.
Published: November 2024

Intelligent agents are increasingly being exploited as synthetic role players (e.g., teammates, coaches, and opponents) in scenario-based training (SBT). However, the introduction of intelligent agents into training applications comes with its share of challenges given the unique requirements of each role. In particular, the required level of intelligence depends on the requirements of a particular role. For example, agents performing as "extras" in a scene require little or no intelligence, whereas an in situ remediation agent requires the ability to diagnose student deficiencies relative to, for example, the school solution and provide appropriate instruction to remedy the deficiencies. To perform some functions, agents require an understanding of the problem domain; for others, they merely need to understand their own tasks. In some cases, agents need the ability to plan, whereas in other cases they merely need the ability to react. A pedagogical agent that typically interacts with the learner stands to benefit from having a human persona (an avatar) and an instructor-like personality. In light of the foregoing, the implementation of these agents for scenario-based training (SBT) can take a variety of forms and vary in their level of sophistication. This paper presents the various roles that intelligent agents can play in SBT to dramatically lower training costs without compromising training effectiveness.
SERVICE SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE ONTOLOGY
Authors: Gonsalves Tad , Itoh Kiyoshi
Published: November 2024

Service systems are designed with the intention of providing service to customers. Also known as a value co-creation system, a service system is a configuration of technology and organizational networks. This paper describes the development of a performance ontology for service systems. The core of the performance ontology describes the four primitives in service systems – customers, resources, service and protocols, and the semantic relations among them. The ontology provides a framework for integrating the quantitative performance evaluation of service systems specified as queuing networks or as stochastic Petri nets. The goal of the domain ontology is to eliminate the conceptual and terminological confusion among the members of a virtual community of performance analysts and designers.
THE ASYMMETRIC LEARNING TRAIT
Authors: Warfield John N.
Published: November 2024

A paired human learning trait is described as "symmetric" if (1) It describes an aspect of human learning efficacy, (2) It has two opposite components and, (3) It is equally effective with respect to those opposites. If it is substantially different in effectiveness with respect to those opposites, it is described as "asymmetric". Hence the terms "symmetric" and "asymmetric" refer to learning efficacy with respect to the two components of the paired learning trait. Higher education has long been animated by an overriding goal of developing individuals with a talent for critical thinking; i.e., analysis. This goal undoubtedly was set without regard for the nature of the opposite component of the paired human learning trait; i.e., synthesis or design. The opposites of concern here are analysis and synthesis. The principal educational consequence of devoting virtually all resources to developing critical thinking is to fail to develop as a collateral outcome the other component of the asymmetric learning trait. What should be sought, in the interest of developing a balanced human persona is a symmetric learning trait, equally balanced between analysis and synthesis. Until that is achieved, the educational system will continue to develop future politicians and public intellectuals who operate under the illusion that they possess synthesis skills in equal proportion to their analysis skills, when no belief could be much further from the truth. The principal political consequences of failure to seek the symmetric learning trait are the promotion and foisting of dysfunctional systems upon a defenseless public.
THE INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT FOR SUPPORTING COLLABORATIVE	ANALYSIS
Authors: Kawabata Ryo , Ishikawa Yuki , Masuda Kenji , Itoh Kiyoshi
Published: November 2024

In systems analysis, the target system is analyzed by collaboration between two or more analysts. Systems development is performed by analyzing the target system from various viewpoints. From each viewpoint, corresponding chart representation which is suitable for the viewpoint is described. The chart representation is not described from scratch, but it is described by using knowledge included in the other chart representations that are already described. There are two types of collaborations in describing chart representations. The one type is that plural analysts describe the one chart representation collaboratively. The other type is that each analyst describes different kinds of chart representations. In this paper, the authors propose the system called CiCCS (Collaborative inter-Chart Conversion System) for supporting to describe chart representations by collaboration between two or more analysts. CiCCS has analysis processes which include a set of chart representations, the usage of them and the order of them. The navigator guides system analysts with the analysis processes which include a set of chart representations and the usage of them according to the purpose of analysis. Analysts can describe chart representations in accordance with the analysis process or analyst's own order. CiCCS has a converter which extracts a skeleton of a chart representation from the other chart representations.
MULTICAUSALITY
Authors: Warfield John N.
Published: November 2024

Many explanations of events treat them as unicausal. Most of the major issues of today are multicausal. Multicausal events raise issues of direct and indirect causality, and issues related to cognition. These, in turn, involve structural considerations that cannot be properly dealt with in limited mass media. By attempting to deal with such issues in mass media, congressional debates debase the debaters. The economics crises afflicting the world today illustrate the failure of leaders to apply multicausal analysis to develop a proper understanding of the issues. But more importantly, there is no recognized leadership in the design of economic systems, which is the more fundamental reason why systems have been placed at risk. And still more fundamental is the lack of adequate systems education in those educational institutions that have produced those in positions of economic power today.
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR PERSONALIZED AND MOBILE HEALTH	CARE
Authors: Sadasivam Rajani S. , Tanik Murat M. , Willig James
Published: November 2024

The widespread adoption of cell phones and other mobile platforms represent an opportunity to extend the benefits of personalized point-of-care healthcare applications to providers and patients in the developing world. However, the challenges facing the effective deployment of mobile health care applications are complex; thus, requiring a scalable, flexible, and configurable approach. A conceptual framework based on service-oriented-architecture is proposed to address the challenges of developing and deploying mobile health care applications. A particular emphasis of the framework is a service-agent-modeling-based personalized process support that is needed to support the diverse needs of the users.
PERSONALISED INSTRUCTION E-LEARNING MODEL BASED ON KNOWLEDGE	DOMAIN
Authors: Tan X.H. , Luo H. , Tong R. , Chen G. , Shen R.M.
Published: November 2024

The practice of E-learning in China has long suffered from its large scale students with different entry level and requirements without appropriate online instruction. Many Learning Content Manager Systems provide same learning content for different students. In this paper, we present a personalized E-learning instruction model based on knowledge domain. By applying data mining techniques on the analysis of e-learners' background, learning activities, this model on one side provides individualized learning path and resources to different students according to their levels and requirements. On the other side, the instructors can also adjust the teaching schedule and emphases according to the analytical results. As a result, the learners can not only get personalized learning contents but also individual instruction online. A Structured Knowledge Domain plays a key role in the model which is used to organize all the learning contents. The proposed model was implemented in a real large scale class of the Network College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and was proved to be effective.
DESIGNING INTELLIGENT AGENTS FOR TRAFFIC DELAY COMPENSATION
Authors: Cheng Ken Yen-Ru , Lee Chiung-Hon Leon , Liu Alan
Published: November 2024

We proposed a multi-agent system for enhancing the intelligent transportation system (ITS) with traffic delay compensation ability. There are three kinds of agent to participate in this mechanism, namely, Travel Center Agent (TCA), Vehicle Agent (VA), and Road Side Agent (RSA). The main function of TCA is to cooperate with VAs to make a reasonable and convenient travel contract for the vehicle driver. VA serves the car driver, makes the contract with TCA, and executes the contract to help car driver to go to destination with less wasted travel time. RSA accepts vehicle information from VA, gives a route suggestion to VA, and bases on the information controlling traffic lights to give each vehicle reasonable and fair red light waiting time. We also proposed an approach to compensate the traffic delay caused by accidents. A Driver Compliance Model is developed to maximize the compliance value through the cooperation of the TCA, RSAs, and VAs. Finally, we implement a system prototype to verify the proposed mechanism and experimental results shows that the traffic light control with the proposed mechanism can give less and fairer red-light waiting time than fixed traffic light switching mechanism.
DECISION SUPERIORITY PROCESS MODEL
Authors: Sorensen Barbara , Madni Azad M. , Madni Carla C.
Published: November 2024

Decision superiority is achieved not just by acquiring and assessing the right information, but by translating it into actionable knowledge that can be exploited in the decision making process. Achieving decision superiority is necessary, because the decisions made by commanders and staff, ultimately, determine mission outcome. Although technology is integral to the process, it is limited by factors such as bandwidth optimization, system interoperability, and information flow optimization. However, most important to the Command and Control (C $^{2}$ ) decision makers today are the cognitive processes that enable commanders to determine when to employ C $^{2}$ information systems to support C $^{2}$ decisions and the methods of how to respond to cues provided by the systems. This paper describes a continuous decision making process model that is specifically suited to support C $^{2}$ decision superiority. Decision makers are continually inundated with data, albeit most data provides non actionable intelligence and unreliable information. Inadequate data is inadmissible, specifically from the perspective of a C $^{2}$ information systems design, where timely delivery of the right information to C $^{2}$ decision makers is essential, thus, context awareness is a key necessity. Context in C $^{2}$ operations is dynamic and includes factors such as mission, enemy, terrain (and weather), personnel, time available, and civil support. Understanding and keeping track of these variables is the cornerstone of future C $^{2}$ decision making, especially for network centric warfare operations. The DecisionEdge™ model is based on the "context-goal alternatives" construct, which recognizes as context changes, the goal might also change, thus, precipitating the need for generating a new set of alternatives. It should be noted that goals are not constant; therefore, they can change when a new mission directive is initiated.
N-DIMENSIONS, PARALLEL REALITIES, AND THEIR RELATIONS TO HUMAN	PERCEPTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Naini Majid M. , Naini Joan F.
Published: November 2024

This paper delineates a new conceptualization of the integration of technology, psychology, medicine, and science, with an emphasis on quantum physics. The focus is on developing a new paradigm to comprehend the ultimate reality and its relation to the human journey in time, space, and beyond. As we learn more through scientific and technological advancements, we recognize that the human being has been ignoring his higher self. An increased understanding of the human brain, body, mind, and spirit is leading to the recognition of the extraordinary, yet often concealed, abilities we all possess. In addition, our increased understanding of the existing realities in parallel dimensions utilizing the superstring theory, is leading to a broader perception of the whole reality and its effect on the human development and condition. The relationship between electromagnetic frequencies and energies and human physiology and psychology requires further study to produce a more definitive understanding of the human makeup. As we increase our understanding and measuring of electromagnetic frequencies and energy in human beings, we will be better able to manipulate this energy. Through this integration of the sciences we will finally develop a more precise map for human composition, development, health, and recovery from diseases.
MINIMIZING OPERATIONAL COST USING ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE ALGORITHM
Authors: Gonsalves Tad , Itoh Kiyoshi
Published: November 2024

This paper deals with the minimization of the operational costs of business systems using the Artificial Immune System (AIS). The objective function consists of service costs and waiting costs. Service cost is the cost of hiring service-providing professionals, while waiting cost is the estimate of the loss to business as some customers, not willing to wait for service, decide to go to the competing organizations. Since business systems are inherently concurrent with multiple asynchronous activities, we have used Generalized Stochastic Petri Net as the modelling tool. The Petri net-modeled system is simulated by means of a discrete event simulator and optimized by means of the Artificial Immune System. Compared to the other meta-heuristic optimization algorithms like the Genetic Algorithm, the AIS is found to be simpler in implementation and better in performance.
COMPUTER-AIDED SOLID GEOMETRY LEARNING (CASGL)
Authors: Kawabata Ryo , Itoh Kiyoshi
Published: November 2024

CASGL helps learners to draw solids as 3D images, rotate the images in different directions so as to understand the different orientations of the geometrical shape in 3D space. The learner can view a solid from different angles by rotating it and study the various three-dimensional aspects of the solid. It also facilitates the learning of (1) cross-sections by cutting a given solid by a plane knife at a given angle and orientation, (2) projection of the solid figure on a desired plane and the rest, (3) intersection of two or more solids, (4) orthographic views, (5) perspective and positional relationships between one or more solids in 3D space and (6) the graph of pouring the water into a solid. CASGL supports learners to understand the solid geometry by giving quizzes based on their level of understanding.
DESIGN SPACE ANALYSIS IN MODEL-DRIVEN ENGINEERING
Authors: Demirezen Zekai , Bryant Barrett R. , Skjellum Anthony , Tanik Murat M.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we apply design space decomposition to Domain-Specific Modeling Languages. This work, while building on previous work on domain-specific modeling and design space analysis, contributes to further understanding of the role of behavioral spaces. It introduces a modeling strategy originating from information theory and combinatorics for the analysis of behavioral semantics of DSMLs with the use of design space analysis.
A RECOMBINANT KNOWLEDGE ASSIMILATION COMMON PROCESS FOR RECURSIVE	TRANSDISCIPLINE SYNTHESIS
Authors: Carbone J. N. , Ekwaro-Osire S. , Tanik M. M.
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces an extended transdisciplinary framework for recursively synthesizing knowledge to solve common problems and simultaneously addressing a need for transdisciplinary solutions for enhancing and augmenting other fields of study. The benefits of a recursive transdisciplinary common process are described through details on how knowledge naturally forms, recombinant knowledge relationship pairing, pedigree retention, and a knowledge assimilation formula, to aid discovery, decomposition, synthesis, and validation of core discipline components or First Principles. Recursive processing of discipline core components and principles is expressed through a detailed examination of domain specific readings, using an extended simple interrogatory model, and subsequently contrasted with automating process behaviour through an example use of natural language processing concepts and tools for automating the analysis and comparisons of disparate domain specific discipline languages. Discipline comparisons ultimately expose a set of common core transdisciplinary components (e.g. words, formulas, principles, problems, and solutions) and therefore can ultimately achieve a common process for recombinantly generating transdisciplinary solutions to common problems.
THE NEW HYBRID METHOD FOR CLASSIFICATION OF PATIENTS BY GENE	EXPRESSION PROFILING
Authors: Cosgun Erdal , Karaagaoglu Ergun
Published: November 2024

Genetic researches have gradually become an area which is intensively studied on in recent years. The reason of that is the fact that a lot of diseases and features are transferred to the other generations by genes. These transfers are generally at the base of diseases. The evaluation of the input which is reached as the result of the researches is also accepted as a separate field. The aim of this study is to develop a model which enables the best classification of the patients by DNA microarray expression inputs. For this purpose, the classification which is based on Unsupervised Learning has mainly been used, by bringing together various methods. The Independent Components Analysis is used for dimension reduction, Kohonen Map Method is used for clustering and Random Forest Method is used for classification purposes. The model which is formed by combining these methods and very popular classification method Support Vector Machines (SVMs) has been studied and their classification performance is compared by True Classification Rate (TCR) on two real publicity data sets. The highest value that TCR can take on is one. The aim is to close this value to one. By the help of the model proposed in this study, we expect a reduction in the cost of these researches and aim to prevent wrong diagnoses as much as possible.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS' OPINIONS ON A LEARNING OBJECT	REPOSITORY IN TURKEY
Authors: Arslan Kursat , Yildirim Soner
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to investigate elementary teachers' opinions on a learning object repository in an elementary school. For this purpose, a learning object repository is constructed including digital learning resources accessible to teachers, students, and other potential users. In the paper we introduce and describe properties of a new learning object repository developed specifically for teachers at the elementary school level in Turkey. Qualitative research model with an open-ended questionnaire was used assess how elementary teachers integrate a learning object repository into their educational environment. The study consists of a sample of 11 elementary school teachers in Turkey. Initial findings reveal that learning resources such ELOR can used effectively by teachers, especially when they become active participants of a learning environment by adding a learning object into the repository they have.
SYNERGISTIC VALIDATION METHODOLOGY FOR KNOWLEDGE-BASED ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
Authors: Tanik U. John
Published: November 2024

A methodology for validation is provided for the architecture of Knowledge based Engineering (KBE) applications. A standard approach to validation is introduced, followed by the Synergistic Validation Methodology (SVM), which addresses four key aspects of KBE system validation: a) software architecture, b) product design process, c) artificial intelligence, and d) knowledge acquisition. The synergistic methodology is introduced as a comprehensive approach to validation of Knowledge-based engineering systems. This SVM approach is shown to be divided into four target divisions addressing multiple areas each, which correspond to well-defined methodologies in terms of general standards, techniques, and methods utilized. The five-tier pre-validation and post-validation process is intended to verify and validate reconfigurable, modular, and scalable KBE systems.
ENVIRONMENT-BASED DESIGN (EBD) APPROACH TO DEVELOPING QUALITY	MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Sun Xuan , Zeng Yong , Zhou Fayi
Published: November 2024

This paper shows how to develop a manual for Quality Management System (QMS) by using a design methodology - Environment Based Design (EBD). The EBD includes three interdependent design activities: environment analysis, conflict identification and solution generation. The EBD is particularly effective when customers' wants are not clearly understood where designers can be given the right direction through the analysis of the product's working environment. In the case study presented in this paper, the customer wanted to develop a quality manual for a flow monitoring service. The challenge was that the content and structure of the final manual were not clear to the designers. By taking this task as a design problem, the EBD was applied to analyse the current service including the organization structure, the business processes, and the existing documents. After critical conflicts were identified, the quality manual and a data processing software system were produced for the client. This application of the EBD shows its effectiveness as a generic design methodology.
Gompertz Law-Based Biological Age (GOLD BioAge): A Simple and Practical Measurement of Biological Aging to Capture Morbidity and Mortality Risks
Authors: Hao Meng , Zhang Hui , Wu Jingyi , Li Xiangnan , Huang Yaqi , Wang Meijia , Wang Shuming , Wang Jiaofeng , Chen Jie , Bao Zhi Jun , Jin Li , Wang Xiaofeng , Hu Zixin , Jiang Shuai , Li Yi
Published: November 2024

Biological age reflects actual aging and overall health, but current aging clocks are often complex and difficult to interpret, limiting their clinical application. In this study, we introduced a Gompertz law-based biological age (GOLD BioAge) model that simplified aging assessment. We estimated GOLD BioAge using clinical biomarkers and found significant associations of the difference from chronological age (BioAgeDiff) with risks of morbidity and mortality in NHANES. Moreover, we developed GOLD ProtAge and MetAge using proteomics and metabolomics data, which outperformed the clinical-only model in predicting mortality and chronic disease risks in UK Biobank. Benchmark analysis illustrated that our models exceeded common aging clocks in predicting mortality across diverse age groups in both NHANES and UK Biobank. The results demonstrated that the GOLD BioAge algorithm effectively applied to both clinical and omics data, showing excellent performance in predicting age-related outcomes. Additionally, we created a simplified version called the Light BioAge, which used three biomarkers for aging assessment. The Light model reliably captured mortality risks in three validation cohorts (CHARLS, RuLAS, CLHLS). It significantly predicted the onset of frailty, stratified frail individuals, and collectively identified individuals at high risk of mortality. In summary, the algorithm of GOLD BioAge could provide a valuable framework for aging assessment in public health and clinical practice.
RHOB Ekspresyonun Nöroblastomda Moleküler Risk Sınıfları ve Prognoz ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Baran Burçin , Sanlav Gamze , Kum Özşengezer Selen , Kızmazoğlu Deniz , Aktaş Safiye , Altun Zekiye , Olgun Nur
Published: November 2024

Nöroblastom, gelişmekte olan sinir sisteminden köken alan ve çocukluk çağının en sık görülen solid tümörüdür. Klinik seyri lokalize veya spontane gerileme gösterebilen hastalıktan, yoğun ve multimodal tedavi rejimlerine dirençli metastatik hastalığa değişen heterojen bir davranış göstermektedir. Ras Homolog Ailesi Üyesi B (RhoB), Rho GTPaz ailesinin bir üyesidir ve sitoiskeletet organizasyonunda, reseptör ve sinyal proteinlerinin iletiminde, DNA hasar tamirinde ve apoptozda rol oynar. RhoB ekspresyonu farklı erişkin kanser türlerinde incelenmiş ve farklı kanser türlerinde iyi veya kötü prognozla ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Ne var ki, RhoB ekspresyonu aday bir prognostik biyobelirteç olarak pediatrik kanserlerde daha önce çalışılmamıştır. Yapılan çalışmamızda, RhoB protein ekspresyonu nöroblastom hastalarında immün histokimyasal boyama yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. RhoB ekspresyonu ile düşük, orta ve yüksek risk gruplarındaki nöroblastom hastalarının genel sağ kalımı ve olaysız sağ kalımları karşılaştırılmış ve RhoB ekspresyonu ile hastaların klinikopatolojik özellikleri Spearman’s korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Her ne kadar çalışmamızdaki hasta örneklem sayısı az olsa da çalışmamızda RhoB ekspresyonunun NB hastaları için iyi prognostik bir biyobelirteç olabileceği ortaya konmuştur.
Baş-Boyun Kanserlerinde Tek Merkez Setüksimab Deneyimi
Authors: Sali Seda , Çelik Muhammed Abdurrahman , Coşkun Alper , Çoban Eyüp , Ocak Birol , Şahin Ahmet Bilgehan , Deligönül Adem , Çubukçu Erdem , Evrensel Türkkan
Published: November 2024

Baş boyun squamöz hücreli kanserleri (BBSHK); oral kavite, farinks ve larinks yerleşimli epitelyal hücrelerden kaynaklanan kanserlerdir. Dünya genelinde yedinci en sık görülen kanser olduğu bilinmektedir. Hastaların yaklaşık %5’i metastatik evrede tanı almaktadır. Primer tedavisini tamamlayan hastaların ise yaklaşık %50-60’ı ilk 2 yıl içinde nüks etmektedir. Çalışmamızda nüks lokal tedavilere uygun olmayan ya da metastatik BBSHK hastalarının tedavisinde bir anti-epidermal büyüme faktörü (EGFR) monoklonal antikoru olan setüksimab tedavisinin etkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Çalışmaya 38 hasta dahil edildi. Bunların 33 (%86,8)’ ü erkek; 5 (%13,2)’i kadındı. Median yaş 55,5 idi. Ortalama takip süresi 14,95±18,17 aydı. Hastaların median progresyonsuz sağ kalım (PFS) süresi 4,6 ay ve median genel sağ kalım (OS) süresi ise 7,1 ay idi. Güncel literatür çalışmalarına kıyasla daha kısa sağ kalım süreleri saptadık. Ancak çalışmamızda metastatik hasta oranı ve daha önce kemoterapi almış olan hasta oranı yüksekti.