bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term historical trends in air pollutant emissions in Asia: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 3.1
Authors: Kurokawa Junichi , Ohara Toshimasa
Published: December 2019

Abstract. A long-term historical emission inventory of air and climate pollutants in East, Southeast, and South Asia from 1950–2015 was developed as the Regional Emission inventory in ASia version 3.1 (REASv3.1). REASv3.1 provides details of emissions from major anthropogenic sources for each country and its sub-regions and also provides monthly gridded data with 0.25° × 0.25° resolution. The average total emissions in Asia during 1950–1955 and from 2010–2015 (growth rates in these 60 years) are as follows: SO2: 3.15 Tg, 42.4 Tg (13.5); NOx: 1.83 Tg, 47.6 Tg (26.0); CO: 62.2 Tg, 319 Tg (5.13); non-methane volatile organic compounds: 9.14 Tg, 61.8 Tg (6.77); NH3: 7.99 Tg, 31.3 Tg (3.92); CO2: 1.12 Pg, 18.3 Pg (16.3); PM10: 5.76 Tg, 28.4 Tg (4.92); PM2.5: 4.52 Tg, 20.3 Tg (4.50); black carbon: 0.751 Tg, 3.38 Tg (4.51); and organic carbon: 2.62 Tg, 6.92 Tg (2.64). Clearly, all the air pollutant emissions in Asia increased significantly during these six decades, but situations were different among countries and regions. Due to China's rapid economic growth in recent years, its relative contribution to emissions in Asia has been the largest. However, most pollutant species reached their peaks by 2015 and the growth rates of other species was found to be reduced or almost zero. On the other hand, air pollutant emissions from India showed an almost continuous increasing trend. As a result, the relative ratio of emissions of India to that of Asia have increased recently. The trend observed in Japan was different from the rest of Asia. In Japan, emissions increased rapidly during 1950s–1970s, which reflected the economic situation of the period; however, most emissions decreased from their peak values, which were approximately 40 years ago, due to the introduction of regulations and laws for air pollution. Similar features were found in the Republic of Korea and Taiwan. In the case of other Asian countries, air pollutant emissions generally showed an increase along with economic growth and motorization. Trends and spatial distribution of air pollutants in Asia are becoming complicated. Datasets of REASv3.1, including table of emissions by countries and sub-regions for major sectors and fuel types, and monthly gridded data with 0.25° × 0.25° resolution for major source categories are available through the following URL: http://www.nies.go.jp/REAS/.
Solar radiometer sensing of multi-year aerosol features over a tropical urban
station: Direct Sun and inversion products
Authors: Vijayakumar Katta , Devara Panuganti C. S. , Sonbawne Sunil M. , Giles David M. , Holben Brent N. , Rao Sarangam Vijaya Bhaskara , Jayasankar Chalicheemalapalli K.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is the most developed ground-based network for aerosol remote-sensing and has been playing a significant role not only in monitoring air quality for protecting human health but also in assessing the radiative budget of our planet Earth. In this paper, we report the direct sun and inversion products, comprising of spectral variation of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), associated Ångström Exponent (AE), fine- and coarse-mode aerosol fractions, Aerosol Size Distribution (ASD), Refractive Index (RI), Asymmetry Parameter (AP), Single Scattering Albedo (SSA), Aerosol Radiative Forcing (ARF), and columnar concentration of gas constituents such as water vapor, ozone and nitrogen peroxide, obtained from a Cimel sun-sky radiometer, functioning at Pune, India, under the AERONET program since October 2004. These long-term measurements carried out from 2005 to 2015 could serve as an urban aerosol optical long-term average or climatology The AOD long-term variations at all wavelengths, considered in the study, exhibited increasing trend, implying year-to-year enhancement in aerosol loading. The mean seasonal variations in AOD from cloud-free days indicated greater values during monsoon, revealing dominance of hygroscopic aerosol particles over the station. Contribution by different aerosol types to AOD has also been deduced, discussed and found dominance of mixed type of aerosols (43.79 %), followed by combination of biomass burning and urban industrial aerosols (22.03 %) compared to other types of aerosols during the study period. The long-term data sets, derived aerosol and trace gas products play a significant role in understanding aerosol climate forcing, trends, and evaluation of regional air pollution and validation of aerosol transport models over the study region.
Evaluation of nonidentical versus identical twin approaches for observation impact assessments: an ensemble-Kalman-filter-based ocean assimilation application for the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Yu Liuqian , Fennel Katja , Wang Bin , Laurent Arnaud , Thompson Keith R. , Shay Lynn K.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Assessments of ocean data assimilation (DA) systems and observing system
design experiments typically rely on identical or nonidentical twin
experiments. The identical twin approach has been recognized as yielding
biased impact assessments in atmospheric predictions, but these shortcomings
are not sufficiently appreciated for oceanic DA applications. Here we
present the first direct comparison of the nonidentical and identical twin
approaches in an ocean DA application. We assess the assimilation impact for
both approaches in a DA system for the Gulf of Mexico that uses the ensemble
Kalman filter. Our comparisons show that, despite a reasonable error growth
rate in both approaches, the identical twin produces a biased skill
assessment, overestimating the improvement from assimilating sea surface
height and sea surface temperature observations while underestimating the
value of assimilating temperature and salinity profiles. Such biases can
lead to an undervaluation of some observing assets (in this case profilers)
and thus a misguided distribution of observing system investments.
Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and associated risk factors in healthy female adolescents in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Abiri Behnaz , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Vafa Mohammadreza
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Obesity is an important health concern worldwide and is a growing problem in Iran. Adolescent  obesity has a major role in development of adulthood obesity and its complications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and associated risk factors in female adolescents living in Tehran, Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 2,132 female adolescents aged 14-17 years in Tehran recruited between 2017 and 2018. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were considered as < 5th, ≥ 85th, and ≥ 95th percentile, respectively, of CDC BMI-for age and sex criteria. Adolescents and their mothers filled in the questionnaires on physical activity, computer use, duration of breastfeeding, total sleep time, and family socioeconomic status. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0 software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 24.1% and 6.5%, respectively. The prevalences of overweight and obesity were highest in the South District (28.9% and 7.7%, respectively) and were lowest in the North District (19.1% and 5.2%, respectively). There were significant differences in physical activity level (P < 0.001), total sleep time (P < 0.001), duration of breastfeeding (P < 0.01), and daily computer use (P < 0.001) among the four groups (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese). Regarding the socioeconomic status, parental education level and economic status were significantly higher in those who had normal weight compared to other weight groups (in both, P < 0.001).Conclusion: This study showed that overweight and obesity among female adolescents in Tehranhave become a major public health concern. Level of physical activity, computer use, sleep duration, breastfeeding duration, levels of parental education, and economic status were associated with overweight and obesity prevalence.
Replies to My Critics
Authors: Jacovides Michael
Published: December 2019

This is a revised version of a paper presented at the APA Eastern Division's 115th annual meeting in New York on Monday January 07, 2019. It was presented at session 2O Author Meets Critics: Michael Jacovides, Locke’s Image of the World. The session chair was Antonia LoLordo (University of Virginia), the critics were Robert Pasnau (University of Colorado Boulder) and Kathryn Tabb (Columbia University), and the author was Michael Jacovides (Purdue University).
Indicadores de medición de eficacia de las áreas marinas protegidas (AMPs)
Authors: Radovich Violeta S.
Published: December 2019

El objeto del presente artículo consiste en presentar distintos indicadores de medición de eficacia de las áreas marinas protegidas (AMPs). La metodología utilizada consistió en analizar publicaciones científicas que abordaron el tema desde distintas perspectivas. Se demostró la hipótesis acerca de que la eficacia de las AMPs puede medirse desde diferentes perspectivas tanto biológicas y ecológicas, como sociales y jurídicas. En primer lugar, se exhiben mediciones sociales y jurídicas basadas en indicadores elaborados por la Unión Internacional por la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). Luego, se comparten conclusiones en cuanto a la eficacia de las AMPs para prevenir la contaminación por buques e instalaciones marinas. En tercer lugar, se refieren indicadores ecológicos que elaboró un grupo de investigadores que analizó 27 estudios de caso.
Los recursos naturales de Islandia como base del desarrollo turístico sostenible. Estudio de caso
Authors: González Lara Aitor
Published: December 2019

Lo que se pretende en el presente estudio es, por un lado, crear un producto que pueda ser factible y consumible, para lo que nos hemos apoyado en las indicaciones que una muestra de encuestados nos ha permitido analizar; y además con el mismo, se pretende alcanzar unos objetivos previamente estipulados. Dichos objetivos se encuentran relacionados con la dinamización del turismo en el país de Islandia, a través de la creación de un itinerario turístico que recorra el territorio en busca de mostrar aquellos recursos naturales de mayor importancia a los visitantes. Además de crear el itinerario se ha buscado cerrar el producto como paquete turístico completo que se complemente con la realización de diferentes actividades en el propio destino. Finalmente se ha creado un paquete turístico, que incluye todos los servicios necesarios para recorrer los principales recursos naturales del país, y al mismo tiempo, disfrutar del territorio destino mediante la realización de actividades propias del medio.
Identificación de Posibles Impactos Medioambientales y Sociales del Turismo en Ecuador, Caso Concreto Parque Nacional Yasuní
Authors: Jaramillo Carrión María Isabel
Published: December 2019

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es la detección y evaluación del impacto social y ambiental que ejerce el sector turístico sobre la Reserva de Biosfera Yasuní. La Reserva de Biosfera Yasuní, conocida por su gran biodiversidad, es una de las áreas más grandes e importantes del mundo. De hecho, una de sus hectáreas contiene más especies de árboles y arbustos que toda América del Norte. El Turismo, entendido desde una perspectiva sostenible y responsable para con el medio ambiente, se convierte en uno de los principales promotores de la conservación ambiental y el desarrollo económico de las comunidades locales. De otra forma, un mal uso, conllevaría importantes daños para éstas. Las conclusiones obtenidas en esta investigación evidencian la existencia de cambios significativos en los pueblos indígenas que conforman el Parque Nacional Yasuní (PNY) productos éstos no sólo del turismo, sino también de la extracción de petróleo.
Formação docente: o analógico e o digital em debate
Authors: Bergmann Juliana Cristina Faggion , Sbeghen Luana Bottcher , Policarpo Kadhiny Mendonça de Souza , Fonseca Maria Paula Cruz , Nunes Gabriela Marçal
Published: December 2019

O relato que apresentamos nesse texto retrata e analisa uma experiência de formação de professores em que discute a apropriação de mídias, especialmente aplicativos e jogos, por professores da rede pública municipal e estadual. Para isso, propõe uma ação de extensão que discuta a teoria especializada intrinsecamente relacionada à prática. Nela, os participantes analisaram aplicativos disponíveis no mercado, assim como imaginaram outros mais adequados às suas necessidades e de seus alunos, conheceram novas ferramentas e exploraram novas metodologias. A ação mostrou um aumento no nível de interesse dos professores pela utilização de recursos didáticos inovadores, digitais ou analógicos.
Press play to start: games na formação de professores de língua inglesa
Authors: Avelar Michely Gomes , Freitas Carla Conti
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir a ação de extensãodenominada Jogos digitais no ensino de língua inglesa: práticas de (multi)letramentos,realizada com professores de língua inglesa em formação. A ação propôs experiênciascom os games na formação inicial e continuada de professores de língua inglesapropiciando espaços para (re)pensar as práticas de linguagem a partir da cibercultura.As atividades foram desenvolvidas em uma universidade pública no interior do estadode Goiás, entre os meses de abril e junho de 2019 e as análises apontam para anecessidade de discussão e reflexão sobre as ações de extensão para e na formação deprofessores de línguas.
Impacts of Unusual Market Activity Announcement on Stock Return: Evidence from The Ace Market in Malaysia
Authors: Chen Dylan Siong-Yain , Liew Venus Khim-Sen
Published: December 2019

This study examines the effect of Unusual Market Activity (UMA) announcement on stock return in Malaysian market with a sample of 62 companies listed on the ACE market at Bursa Malaysia for the period of 2007-2015. This study employs event study methodology to show that there were few days in which the average abnormal return (AAR) and cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) are statistically significant. In addition, this study also further investigates the abnormal return (AR) and cumulative abnormal return (CAR) for individual companies. It was found that majority of the stocks returns fell significantly 30 days after the UMA announcement. The magnitude of the fall in returns ranges from 4% to 234%. Hence, it is not advisable for investors to buy stock after UMA announcement.
Conhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas de Atenção Primária à Saúde acerca de urgências endodônticas
Authors: Marciano de Oliveira Michele , Montagner Francisco , Nascimento Fontanive Victor
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento de um grupo de cirurgiões-dentistas que trabalham em Atenção Primária à Saúde acerca de diagnósticos e condutas a serem tomadas diante de urgências em endodontia. Métodos: 24 cirurgiões-dentistas responderam um questionário estruturado, adaptado para o estudo. O instrumento abordava características socioeconômicas e o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre diagnósticos e condutas perante patologias pulpares e periapicais. Os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas descritivas (medidas de variabilidade e de tendência central) e de associação entre os desfechos e as variáveis independentes, pelo Teste t Student e pelo teste de correlação Pearson, todos com α ≤ 0,05. Resultados: a quantidade de acertos dos participantes foi baixa nas perguntas selecionadas, as quais eram vinculadas aos conhecimentos de urgência em endodontia (27,3% – 68,2%). Essa baixa quantidade de acertos foi relacionada às variáveis sexo, idade e tempo de formado. Conclusão: o cirurgião-dentista deve estar preparado para lidar com urgências endodônticas desde a formação acadêmica. Considerando a baixa quantidade de acertos nas questões acerca de urgências endodônticas, atualizações constantes sobre o tema são necessárias, a fim de aprimorar o conhecimento dos profissionais e ampliar a resolutividade dos serviços.
Conhecimento do cirurgião-dentista acerca de maus-tratos à criança e ao adolescente
Authors: Mattes da Silva Aline , Santos Jaciane , Almeida Luiza Helena
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento do cirurgião-dentista em relação a crianças e adolescentes que apresentaram alguma suspeita ou sinal de maus-tratos e verificar se esses profissionais relataram essa violência aos órgãos competentes. Materiais e método: aplicou-se um questionário com 238 cirurgiões-dentistas, incluindo 4 estados brasileiros, que previamente consentiram em participar da pesquisa. O questionário foi composto de perguntas abertas e fechadas acerca do assunto, bem como de figuras para identificação de maus-tratos. Os dados coletados foram digitados em um banco de dados no programa Microsoft Excel e analisados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 20.0. Resultados: a maioria dos cirurgiões-dentistas afirmou já ter realizado algum atendimento odontológico pediátrico em seu consultório e não ter reconhecido um caso suspeito de maus-tratos. Dos profissionais que já reconheceram um caso suspeito, 28,6% não souberam como proceder. Quando foi mostrada a cartilha de maus-tratos para todos os profissionais, incluindo aqueles que nunca atenderam crianças, 64,7% souberam reconhecer os sinais de maus-tratos demonstrados nas ilustrações. Conclusão: mesmo que os dentistas se considerem capazes de identificar casos de maus-tratos de crianças, ainda existe uma porcentagem de casos sem encaminhamentos às autoridades judiciais. É necessário que os profissionais recebam mais informações sobre a necessidade de estar alerta para a detecção de casos suspeitos de maus-tratos de crianças e adolescentes, bem como para o seu dever legal de relatar tais casos às autoridades.
Um raro diagnóstico de osteoma periférico em palato duro: relato de caso
Authors: Marcondes de Castro Rodrigues Cristóvão , Alencar Ramos Lara Maria , Francisco Durighetto-Júnior Antônio , Mota Loyola Adriano , Vitorino Cardoso Sérgio , Dantas Batista Jonas
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: relatar uma biópsia excisional de um osteoma periférico no palato duro direito de uma paciente jovem, do sexo feminino e não sindrômica. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo feminino, 32 anos de idade, melanoderma e normossitêmico, buscou atendimento no ambulatório de diagnóstico estomatológico da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia com queixa quanto ao surgimento de lesão na região de palato. Após avaliação clínica e imaginológica, foi decidido realizar biópsia excisional sob anestesia local da lesão. Foram levantadas três hipóteses de diagnóstico: osteoma periférico, exostose ou osteossarcoma. O material coletado foi enviado para análise histopatológica, que confirmou a hipótese de osteoma periférico. Considerações finais: os osteomas periféricos na região de palato duro são raríssimos. Essa lesão geralmente é assintomática – exceto quando há impacto traumático durante a mastigação –, de crescimento lento, podendo se desenvolver em osso cortical ou medular. O tratamento de escolha é a remoção cirúrgica e o índice de recorrência é raro. O caso enfatiza a condição rara, pois foram encontrados apenas seis casos semelhantes relacionados na literatura.
Uso do hormônio do crescimento associado à fibrina rica em plaquetas e leucócitos injetável (I-PRF)
Authors: Antônio Colussi da Silva João , Giacomin Mateus , Warmeling Matheus , Miranda Pagnoncelli Rogério
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: demonstrar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a utilização do hormônio do crescimento (GH) e concentrados plaquetários e sugerir técnica de associação de uso para odontologia em processos de preservação de osso alveolar. Revisão de literatura: enxertos ósseos são uma necessidade na área da saúde, por diversas razões. A utilização de osso autógeno apresenta grande desvantagem em ter um segundo sítio cirúrgico, entretanto, os substitutos ósseos não possuem as características ideais. Assim, existe a busca por alternativas que otimizem a cicatrização e a incorporação dos substitutos ósseos, dentre elas os concentrados sanguíneos, ricos em fatores de crescimento derivados das plaquetas e o hormônio do crescimento. É possível encontrar uma vasta literatura utilizando os concentrados sanguíneos, inclusive utilizando esses como veículos para outras substâncias. Os concentrados sanguíneos são ricos em fatores de crescimento derivados das plaquetas, como fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina (IGF), Fator de crescimento derivado de plaquetas (PDGF) e outros. Além disso, também é possível encontrar, na literatura, o uso tópico de hormônio do crescimento em enxertos ósseos, fraturas e implantes dentários. Entretanto, o GH possui uma meia-vida de 20 minutos, assim, quando utilizado em conjunto com a I-PRF, espera-se um aumento no tempo de ação local. Considerações finais: é possível otimizar os enxertos ósseos utilizando-se L-PRF/I-PRF e hormônio do crescimento. Porém, são necessárias mais pesquisas.
Análisis al reglamento General de Protección de Datos en la Unión Europea: Un Vistazo a la Actualidad de la Era Digital
Authors: Mejía Cambar Olbin
Published: December 2019

Esta investigación jurídica examina y analiza el contexto actual de la protección de los derechos fundamentales en la era digital, como el derecho a la privacidad, que es especialmente vulnerable debido a las constantes violaciones perpetradas por los motores de búsqueda y las redes sociales. Por otro lado, se explorarán las primeras reacciones al Reglamento General de Protección de Datos (RGPD) en la Unión europea sobre si bastará con regular los servidores digitales como los mencionados anteriormente de la academia europea y tratar de analizar cuál será la ruta para los próximos años para que la región centroamericana pueda tener una regulación cohesionada con las economías más importantes del mundo.
Avances y desafíos de la evaluación nacional de los rendimientos escolares en Guatemala
Authors: Argueta Hernández Bienvenido
Published: December 2019

Una de las expresiones de la globalización en el campo de la educación formal, ha sido la reducción de la calidad educativa a una expresión de los resultados del rendimiento escolar en las áreas de matemática y comprensión lectora, como códigos básicos del acceso al sistema económico neoliberal. En Guatemala, esta dinámica no ha sido la excepción, poniendo en riesgo elementos básicos de formación ciudadana en el marco de una sociedad multicultural y con una historia que reclama el reconocimiento de las diferencias. A pesar de los Acuerdos de Paz, el modelo globalizador se impuso frente a los esfuerzos del establecimiento de una educación pertinente y relevante a la sociedad guatemalteca, imponiendo parámetros de calidad que restringen la construcción de ciudadanías multiculturales. El presente artículo hace un balance y un examen de las políticas de la calidad y de la evaluación del rendimiento escolar en Guatemala.
Los Paradigmas y modelos sobre la discapacidad: evolución histórica e implicaciones educativas
Authors: Bonilla José Mauricio
Published: December 2019

El propósito del presente artículo es la revisión de los principales paradigmas y modelos sobre la discapacidad y sus implicaciones en el ámbito educativo. Para ello, se inicia conceptualizando la discapacidad y en un segundo momento se efectúa un recorrido histórico sobre los paradigmas y modelos explicativos, surgidos a partir del siglo XX hasta llegar a nuestros días. Finalmente, se realiza una reflexión sobre la influencia que han tenido en la educación, identificando los modelos de atención educativa para las personas con discapacidad.
Pericarditis aguda supurada
Authors: Pineda Montalvan Darwin
Published: December 2019

La pericarditis aguda es la forma más común de enfermedad pericárdica, en su mayoría es de origen viral; siendo la pericarditis aguda supurada menos frecuente observándose secundaria a un foco infeccioso extra cardíaco . Rey y colaboradores reportaron asociación entre un episodio reciente (menor de un mes) de infección del tracto respiratorio superior o gastrointestinal y pericarditis (OR = 37.18, IC 95% =1.91 a 724.98, p = 0.017)
Utilización de signos inespecíficos en el diagnóstico de asfixia por sumersión. Caso y Revisión Bibliográfica
Authors: Mejía Dueñas Carlos Abraham , Díaz Roxana , Matamoros Mireya , Villanueva Semma Julissa
Published: December 2019

Las asfixias por sumersión representan un enorme reto para los médicos no solo por la dificultad para llegar a un diagnóstico definitivo de la causa de muerte, sino por la dificultad para determinar las circunstancias en las que se han producido; cuando el cadáver además está en putrefacción, representan un verdadero desafío; por lo que en algunos de estos casos, los forenses se auxilian de hallazgos inespecíficos como el fenómeno del diente rosado y la hemorragia de la lámina cribosa del etmoides para establecer la causa de muerte. Presentamos el caso de un menor de edad que se encontró en las riveras de un río, con antropofagia cadavérica extensa y en estado de putrefacción, la causa de muerte se concluyó en base a los hallazgos de diente rosado y hemorragia de la lámina cribosa del etmoides, como asfixia por sumersión. Se analizó la validez de utilizar ambos signos como indicadores asfícticos.
Biotecnología: Nuevos paradigmas y ruptura de pactos
Authors: Boarini Serge , Alonzo Matamoros Valeria Alexandra , Marcia Keyla
Published: December 2019

La biotecnología introduce una relación sin precedentes con la naturaleza: rompe con el paradigma de las técnicas convencionales al introducir una nueva temporalidad, al emancipar los modos de producción de la tutela humana, al evitar cualquier revisión de las formas producidas y cualquier retorno a un estado anterior. De ello se deduce que la biotecnología rompe tres pactos, que permanecieron tácitos hasta su advenimiento, lo que nos une a los hombres, a la naturaleza, a las generaciones futuras: pacto de equidad-solidaridad, pacto de reciprocidad-confianza, pacto de responsabilidad-solidaridad. Finalmente, se describen algunas pistas para contener las consecuencias de estas infracciones de pactos, y tal vez, para restablecer el equilibrio perdido por un cierto uso de la biotecnología.
COMBUSTION ANALYSIS OF D-LIMONENE AS AN ADDITIVE TO DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES
Authors: Micheli L. F. , Pereira L. E. R. , Módolo D. L. , Saruhashi W. K. D. C.
Published: December 2019

Vegetable oils, when subjected to transesterification process generate “vegetable oils esters”, with similar properties as density, cetane number, heating values, air-fuel ratio. However, problems resulting from the higher viscosity, leads to a worst spraying and combustion, formation of undesirable deposits on engine parts and contamination of the lubricant oil. Due to these problems, it is interesting to study an additive, also derived from biomass, to improve the characteristics of biodiesel for a suitable use in diesel engines. This paper proposes an additive (d-limonene obtained from orange peel) and preliminary results obtained from the tests in a stationary diesel engine fueled with mixtures of diesel/biodiesel/d-limonene, in different concentration to compare with a regular diesel-biodiesel blend and analyzes the influence of the additive on the combustion process. The diesel oil used was purchased from BR supply network (containing 7% biodiesel in its composition) and two blends with different concentrations of the additive (1% and 3% of d-limonene) were prepared and tested. Diesel without additive was also tested. The effects of the DS10 addititivation with d-limonene in the combustion process of a diesel engine have been analyzed, the results obtained were satisfactory showing the positive effects in the combustion process with the addition of d-limonene in diesel-biodiesel blends, decreasing the ignition delay around 2 degrees and showing an improvement in the cetane number of the fuel.
GEOMETRICAL EVALUATION OF RECTANGULAR FIN MOUNTED IN LATERAL SURFACE OF LID-DRIVEN CAVITY FORCED CONVECTIVE FLOWS
Authors: Santos E. D. dos , Rodrigues P. M. , Isoldi L. A. , Prolo Filho J. F. , Rocha L. A. O. , Aldrighi E. S.
Published: December 2019

In this work, it is investigated the geometric effect of rectangular fin inserted in a lid-driven square cavity over thermal performance of laminar, incompressible, steady and forced convective flows. This study is performed by applying Constructal Design to maximize the heat transfer between the fin and the cavity flow. For that, the problem is subjected to two constraints: area of the cavity and area of rectangular fin, and two degrees of freedom: height/length ratio of rectangular fin (H1/L1) and its position in upstream surface of the cavity (S/A1/2). It is considered here some fixed parameters, as the ratio between the fin and cavity areas (ϕ = 0.05), the aspect ratio of the cavity dimensions (H/L = 1.0) and Prandtl number (Pr = 0.71). The fin aspect ratio (H1/L1) was varied for three different placements of the fin at the upstream cavity surface (S/A1/2 = 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9) which represents a lower, intermediate and upper positions of the fin. The effects of the fin geometry over the spatial-averaged Nusselt number ( ) is investigated for three different Reynolds numbers (ReH = 10, 102 and 103). The conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy were numerically solved with the Finite Volume Method. Results showed that both degrees of freedom (H1/L1 and S/A1/2) had a strong influence over , mainly for higher magnitudes of Reynolds number. Moreover, the best thermal performance is reached when the fin is placed near the upper surface of the cavity for an intermediate ratio between height and length of rectangular fin, more precisely when (S/A1/2)o = 0.9 and (H1/L1)oo = 2.0.
Performance Evaluation of a Classification Model for Oral Tumor Diagnosis
Authors: O. Awoyelu I. , R. Ojo B. , B. Aregbesola S. , O. Soyele O.
Published: December 2019

This paper extracted features from region of interest of histopathology images, formulated a classification model for diagnosis, simulated the model and evaluated the performance of the model. This is with a view to developing a histopathology image classification model for oral tumor diagnosis. The input for the classification is the oral histopathology images obtained from Obafemi Awolowo University Dental Clinic histopathology archive. The model for oral tumor diagnosis was formulated using the multilayered perceptron type of artificial neural network. Image preprocessing on the images was done using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), features were extracted using Gray Level Confusion Matrix (GLCM). The important features were identified using Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) algorithm. The model classified oral tumor diagnosis into tive classes: Ameloblastoma, Giant Cell Lesions, Pleomorphic Adenoma, Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The performance of the model was evaluated using specificity and sensitivity. The result obtained showed that the model yielded an average accuracy of 82.14%. The sensitivity and the specificity values of Ameloblastoma were 85.71% and 89.4%, of Giant Cell Lesions were 83.33% and 94.74%, of Pleomorphic Adenoma were 75% and 95.24%, of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma were 100% and 100%, and of Squamous Cell Carcinoma were 71.43% and 94.74% respectively. The model is capable of assisting pathologists in making consistent and accurate diagnosis. It can be considered as a second opinion to augment a pathologist’s diagnostic decision.
The Washback of the New Writing Tasks in China’s National Matriculation English Test
Authors: Yu Chongni
Published: December 2019

The reform of National College Entrance Examination in Zhejiang Province, China has aroused widespread attention since it was released in 2014. It is notable that new English writing test types were adopted in the English subtest. The continuation task and summary writing become a challenge as well as a promoter for English writing teaching and learning. This study aims to explore the washback effect of the reformed English writing test on the teaching and learning of English writing in high school in Zhejiang, China. Through the method of questionnaire and interview with both teacher and student participants, it was found that the new types of writing test, especially the continuation task, are better at reflecting students’ actual English proficiency and improving students’ writing and reading ability, compared with the writing tests before the reform. However, the study also demonstrated that some negative effects might be caused due to practical issues. It is expected that this study will shed some light on the teaching and learning of English writing in high school and become a reference for any further educational reforms in Zhejiang and other provinces in China.
Socio-Economic Determinants of HIV-Malaria Co-Infection among Adults in the North Central Zone, Nigeria
Authors: Alaofin Omotayo S. , Naidoo Kantharuben , Sibanda Wilbert
Published: December 2019

Background: Globally, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and malaria co-infection are responsible for high rates of disease and death predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the relationship between the socio-economic determinants of the human immunodeficiency virus and malaria co-infection has not been established. Therefore, this study aims to determine the socio-economic variables associated with human immunodeficiency virus and malaria co-infection among adults in peri-urban secondary hospitals in the North Central Zone, Nigeria.

Method: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients at six selected peri-urban secondary hospital facilities in the North Central Zone, Nigeria. Continuos variable was compared using the student t-test, or Wilcoxon test, while the categorical variable was compared using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. The significance level was kept at p ≤  0.05.

Results: This study showed that patients of 61 years and above, those between 18 and 30 years of age are at risk of HIV/malaria co-infection RR 1.09 (0.92 - 1.31) and (95% CI), 1.02 (0.96 - 1.08). A significant relationship was reported between the likelihood of co-infection and education (p = 0.023), residence (p = 0.001), employment, (p < 0.001) and income (p < 0.001). Similarly, the highest proportion of malaria diagnosis 547 (80.9%) was among the un-employed patient’s contrary to the least proportion reported among employed patients 84 (68.3%). Using a logistic regression model, it was noted that the proportion of co-infection among HIV seropositive patients is negatively associated with their income.

Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed a strong association between socio-economic variables and HIV/malaria co-infection among the study population. These socio-economic variables could serve as an essential indicator in any proposed intervention programme and could help to predict future co-infection rates in regions where both infectious diseases are dominant.
Heat Dissipation from Stationary Passenger Car Brake Discs
Authors: Topouris Stergios , Stamenković Dragan , Olphe-Galliard Michel , Popović Vladimir , Tirovic Marko
Published: December 2019

The paper presents experimental investigation of the heat dissipation from stationary brake discs concentrated on four disc designs, a ventilated disc with radial vanes, two types of ventilated discs with curved vanes - a non-drilled and cross-drilled disc, and a solid disc. The experiments were conducted on a purpose built Thermal Spin Rig and provided repeatable and accurate temperature measurement and reliable prediction of the total, convective and radiative heat dissipation coefficients. The values obtained compare favourably with Computational Fluid Dynamics results for the ventilated disc with radial vanes and solid disc, though the differences were somewhat pronounced for the ventilated disc. The speeds of the hot air rising above the disc are under 1 m/s, hence too low to experimentally validate. However, the use of a smoke generator and suitable probe was very useful in qualitatively validating the flow patterns for all four disc designs. Convective heat transfer coefficients increase with temperature but the values are very low, typically between 3 and 5 W/m2K for the disc designs and temperature range analysed. As expected, from the four designs studied, the disc with radial vanes has highest convective heat dissipation coefficient and the solid disc the lowest, being about 30% inferior. Convective heat dissipation coefficient for the discs with curved vanes was about 20% lower than for the disc with radial vanes, with the cross drilled design showing marginal improvement at higher temperatures.
Relativiteit en causaliteit naar aanleiding van het schietincident Alphen aan den Rijn
Authors: Haazen I.
Published: December 2019

Relativiteit en causaliteit naar aanleiding van het schietincident Alphen aan den Rijn. HR 20 september 2019, ECLI:NL:HR:2019:1409

De relativiteit bleek in eerdere jurisprudentie vaak een struikelblok bij overheidsaansprakelijkheid. Vooral bij publiekrechtelijke regelgeving heeft de wetgever zich dikwijls nauwelijks uitgelaten over de bescherming van individuele vermogensbelangen van burgers. De Hoge Raad onderzoekt in het hierna te bespreken arrest het doel en de strekking van de geschonden norm in de zaak over het schietincident in Alphen aan den Rijn. De overtreden norm die ziet op de veiligheid van de samenleving strekt zich ook uit tot de individuele vermogensbelangen van burgers. Bovendien rechtvaardigt een veiligheidsnorm een verregaande toerekening van schade en beperkt zich in beginsel niet tot letsel- en overlijdensschade.
ANALYSIS OF PROPERTIES AND TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR OF THE Co-Cr ALLOYS USED FOR PROSTHETIC CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: AUGUSTYN-NADZIEJA Joanna , FROCISZ Łukasz , KRAWCZYK Janusz , PAŃCIKIEWICZ Krzysztof
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of investigations performed in the scope of the tribological wear of prosthetic cast alloys Co-Cr with micro-additions Mo and W. Abrasive wear resistance tests were carried out by means of a T-05 tester in the roller-block friction system in dry sliding metal-metal contact. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the alloy microstructure was made in correlation with hardness and abrasive wear. The analysis of the abrasive wear resistance of the examined alloys included an analysis of such parameters as the relative mass loss of the sample, the mean friction coefficient value, and the wear depth. It was established that the examined alloys Co-Cr-Mo-W are characterize by a low value of the friction coefficient, independent of the tribological test duration, which points to the lack of changes in the wear mechanism with the increase of the test duration time. The abrasive wear resistance of the tested materials are related to the morphology of the phases at the alloys microstructure after the solidification. A similar width of the interdendritic areas results in a similar degree of mass loss for the examined materials.
A SEARCH OF AN INDUCER GEOMETRY THAT IS BENEFICIAL
FOR LIFTING PARAMETERS OF A LIFTED OBJECT
OF A SELECTED SHAPE
Authors: BASTIAN Bartosz , GAWARKIEWICZ Rafał
Published: December 2019

The literature describes acoustic levitation phenomena with the utilization of air squeeze film between the
vibrating inducer and the lifted object. The objective of the study is to determine the shape of the inducer with
vibration characteristics that would allow the levitation of an object of the assumed geometry. In this paper, the
influence of the dimension ratio of the inducer on the frequency of the first mode of vibration was presented.
CFD calculations for a selected dimension series were performed with the goal of the determination of lifting
conditions. The data obtained from the analysis will be used to manufacture an inducer that will serve as an
experimental verification for the fluid dynamics calculation.
ANALYSIS OF THE RANGE OF THE SPECIFIC HEAT
OF TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR PRODUCTS
Authors: MACIĄG Maria
Published: December 2019

This paper continues a discussion of specific heat cp’ of wear product material at the time of the products’
generation which was initiated in [L. 2]. The very high values of this quantity found on the basis of the laws of
mass and energy conservation have inspired further analyses to possibly validate the results. System quantities
C and D [L. 2] have played central roles in earlier modelling of the friction and wear of solids. They are
determined for a certain range of the temperature of a macroscopic contact of solids Θ and serve the purpose
of a merely approximate estimation of minimum cp’. An attempt at determining real values of cp’ for specific
Θ without taking C and D into consideration has been undertaken in this study. The discussion was based on
the energy balance equation for the stationary friction process which is associated with wear. The significance
of friction parameters, the physical properties of a material subject to friction, and some characteristics of the
tribological system have been emphasised. The analysis is also designed to determine maximum heat, cp’max,
and a range of its variations, cp’min - cp’max. The resultant analytical dependences that characterise friction
and its effects are illustrated with examples of selected experiments [L. 10], which were originally designed to
estimate values of cp’ [L. 2]. The evaluation of cp’ discovers negligible differences between cp’ and cp’min.
Important information has additionally been acquired about the values of the flash temperature, Θo, and its
relations to temperature D. No regular impact of on the specific heat of wear products has been determined.
ANALYSIS OF SURFACE MICROGEOMETRY AND STRUCTURE
OF LAYERED BIOMATERIALS USED FOR PROSTHETIC
CONSTRUCTIONS IN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: RYNIEWICZ Wojciech , RYNIEWICZ Anna M. , BOJKO Łukasz , LESZCZYŃSKA-MADEJ Beata , RYNIEWICZ Andrzej
Published: December 2019

Veneering layers of prosthetic substructures are responsible for tribological cooperation with opposite teeth in
the stomatognathic system (SS). Investigations of microgeometry and structure of veneering layers are aimed
at checking to what extent these layers replicate enamel parameters, which, under complex load conditions, are
characterized by the phenomenon of resistance to tribological wear. Ceramic veneering layers are dedicated
for substructures made in digital technologies from factory fittings by milling and laser sintering of metal
powders. Using a confocal microscope, contactless tests of the surface layer stereometry were performed and
surface roughness parameters were determined on samples of ceramics veneering of prosthetic substructures.
The analysis was performed in comparison to the natural enamel of premolars and molars. The shaping of
the surface of materials veneering the substructures is similar to the regularity determined in the statistical
analysis of the enamel roughness. Layers facing samples from milling technology are characterized by lower
values of roughness parameters than layers created on substructures made of SLM technology.
Risk of undesired changes to significant information quality criteria
Authors: Liderman Krzysztof
Published: December 2019

The article presents a method of estimating the risk of an undesirable change in the information quality criterion of secrecy, meaning estimating the risk of a certain class of information security incidents. The qualitative risk estimation method is adopted and the impact of a descriptive grade composition method on the results is discussed. The paper also shows considerations on the possibilities of interpreting the variables used in risk estimation and establishing the range of their actual values. It also describes how the identified range of actual variable values translates into grades used in risk estimation.
Experimental research on the impact of similarity function selection on the quality of keyword spotting in speech signal
Authors: Laszko Łukasz
Published: December 2019

The paper describes an evaluation of the application of selected similarity functions in the task of keyword spotting. Experiments were carried out in the Polish language. The research results can be used to improve already existing keyword spotting methods, or to develop new ones.
Praksisveiledning og lærerstudenters profesjonelle utvikling. Om utviklende kunnskapsprosesser i lærerutdanningens praksisveiledning
Authors: Kvam Edel Karin
Published: December 2019

I denne artikkelen argumenterer jeg for at praksisveiledning kan bidra til lærerstudenters profesjonelle utvikling, men også at dette bare er en mulighet som må gripes for å realiseres. Norsk og internasjonal lærerutdanningsforskning viser et mangfold av veiledningspraksiser i studentenes praksisperioder. Likevel er det noen felles kjennetegn ved veiledningen studentene tilbys. Forskning viser at praksisveiledning er knyttet til utførelse av spesifikke handlinger, og at veiledere i mindre grad inviterer til drøfting av studentenes intensjoner og mål for den pedagogiske virksomheten. Veiledere gir råd og fremstår som eksperter på undervisningssituasjoner, fremfor å søke dypere refleksjon. På grunnlag av veilednings- og profesjonsteori, sett i relasjon til tidligere lærerutdanningsforskning, argumenterer jeg for at praksisveiledning kan tjene på økt bevissthet om samtalekvaliteter. Artikkelen viser hvordan fenomener som å be om begrunnelser for handling, yte motstand på begrunnelser og å etablere reelt samarbeid mellom studenter og veiledere om hvordan praksis kan forstås, er forutsetninger for at profesjonsutviklende kunnskapsprosesser kan finne sted.Nøkkelord: lærerutdanning, praksisveiledning, profesjonell utvikling, kunnskapsprosesserPlacement mentoring and student teacher’ professional developmentAbstractIn this article I argue that mentoring can contribute to teaching students’ professional development, but also that this is just an opportunity that must be grasped in order to be realised. Norwegian and international teacher education research shows a diversity of placement mentoring practices during students’ placement periods. Nevertheless, there are some characteristics common across all mentoring offered to students. Research shows that mentoring is being connected to the completion of specific actions, and that mentors to a lesser extent invite to discuss the students’ intentions and aims for the educational activity. Mentors generally offers advice and acts as experts in teaching situations rather than promoting deeper reflection. Based on theories of mentoring and professions, in relations to previous teacher education research, I argue that placement mentoring may benefit from increased awareness of conversation qualities. The article demonstrates how phenomena such as asking for justifications for actions, providing opposition to justifications and establishing real cooperation between students and mentors on how teaching practice can be understood are all prerequisites for professional development knowledge processes being able to take place.Keywords: Teacher education, placement mentoring, professional development, knowledge processes
Nye artikler høsten 2018
Authors: Vold Eva Thue
Published: December 2019

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Editorial
Authors: Mickevičius Saulius
Published: December 2019

Editorial