bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Limitation of Intense and Toxic Cyanobacteria Blooms in Lakes within Two of the Most Visited Parks in the USA: The Lake in Central Park and Prospect Park Lake
Authors: Flanzenbaum Jacob M. , Jankowiak Jennifer G. , Goleski Jennifer A. , Gorney Rebecca M. , Gobler Christopher J.
Published: October 2022

The Lake in Central Park (LCP) and Prospect Park Lake (PPL) in New York City (NYC), USA, are lakes within two of the most visited parks in the USA. Five years of nearshore sampling of these systems revealed extremely elevated levels of cyanobacteria and the toxin, microcystin, with microcystin levels averaging 920 µg L−1 and chlorophyll a from cyanobacterial (cyano-chla) populations averaging 1.0 × 105 µg cyano-chla L−1. Both lakes displayed elevated levels of orthophosphate (DIP) relative to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) during summer months when DIN:DIP ratios were < 1. Nutrient addition and dilution experiments revealed that N consistently limited cyanobacterial populations but that green algae were rarely nutrient limited. Experimental additions of public drinking water that is rich in P and, to a lesser extent N, to lake water significantly enhanced cyanobacterial growth rates in experiments during which N additions also yielded growth enhancement. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the extreme microcystin levels during blooms in these highly trafficked lakes represent a potential human and animal health threat and that supplementation of these artificial lakes with public drinking water to maintain water levels during summer may promote the intensity and N limitation of blooms.
New Knowledge on Distribution and Abundance of Toxic Microalgal Species and Related Toxins in the Northwestern Black Sea
Authors: Dzhembekova Nina , Moncheva Snejana , Slabakova Nataliya , Zlateva Ivelina , Nagai Satoshi , Wietkamp Stephan , Wellkamp Marvin , Tillmann Urban , Krock Bernd
Published: October 2022

Numerous potentially toxic plankton species commonly occur in the Black Sea, and phycotoxins have been reported. However, the taxonomy, phycotoxin profiles, and distribution of harmful microalgae in the basin are still understudied. An integrated microscopic (light microscopy) and molecular (18S rRNA gene metabarcoding and qPCR) approach complemented with toxin analysis was applied at 41 stations in the northwestern part of the Black Sea for better taxonomic coverage and toxin profiling in natural populations. The combined dataset included 20 potentially toxic species, some of which (Dinophysis acuminata, Dinophysis acuta, Gonyaulax spinifera, and Karlodinium veneficum) were detected in over 95% of the stations. In parallel, pectenotoxins (PTX-2 as a major toxin) were registered in all samples, and yessotoxins were present at most of the sampling points. PTX-1 and PTX-13, as well as some YTX variants, were recorded for the first time in the basin. A positive correlation was found between the cell abundance of Dinophysis acuta and pectenotoxins, and between Lingulodinium polyedra and Protoceratium reticulatum and yessotoxins. Toxic microalgae and toxin variant abundance and spatial distribution was associated with environmental parameters. Despite the low levels of the identified phycotoxins and their low oral toxicity, chronic toxic exposure could represent an ecosystem and human health hazard.
Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Based Products: Occurrence, Toxicity, Impact on Human Health, and Their Detoxification and Management Strategies
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Gupta Akansha , Mahato Dipendra Kumar , Pandhi Shikha , Pandey Arun Kumar , Kargwal Raveena , Mishra Sadhna , Suhag Rajat , Sharma Nitya , Saurabh Vivek , Paul Veena , Kumar Manoj , Selvakumar Raman , Gamlath Shirani , Kamle Madhu , Enshasy Hesham Ali El , Mokhtar Jawahir A. , Harakeh Steve
Published: October 2022

Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health. Hence, this review provides a brief overview of the occurrence, chemical characteristics, biosynthetic processes, health hazards, and detection techniques of AFs, along with a focus on detoxification and management strategies that could be implemented for food safety and security.
Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing to Assess Cyanobacterial Community Composition following Coagulation of Cyanobacterial Blooms
Authors: Le Kim Thien Nguyen , Maldonado Juan Francisco Guerra , Goitom Eyerusalem , Trigui Hana , Terrat Yves , Nguyen Thanh-Luan , Husk Barry , Shapiro B. Jesse , Sauvé Sébastien , Prévost Michèle , Dorner Sarah
Published: October 2022

The excessive proliferation of cyanobacteria in surface waters is a widespread problem worldwide, leading to the contamination of drinking water sources. Short- and long-term solutions for managing cyanobacterial blooms are needed for drinking water supplies. The goal of this research was to investigate the cyanobacteria community composition using shotgun metagenomics in a short term, in situ mesocosm experiment of two lakes following their coagulation with ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) as an option for source water treatment. Among the nutrient paramenters, dissolved nitrogen was related to Microcystis in both Missisquoi Bay and Petit Lac St. François, while the presence of Synechococcus was related to total nitrogen, dissolved nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved phosphorus. Results from the shotgun metagenomic sequencing showed that Dolichospermum and Microcystis were the dominant genera in all of the mesocosms in the beginning of the sampling period in Missisquoi Bay and Petit Lac St. François, respectively. Potentially toxigenic genera such as Microcystis were correlated with intracellular microcystin concentrations. A principal component analysis showed that there was a change of the cyanobacterial composition at the genus level in the mesocosms after two days, which varied across the studied sites and sampling time. The cyanobacterial community richness and diversity did not change significantly after its coagulation by Fe2(SO4)3 in all of the mesocosms at either site. The use of Fe2(SO4)3 for an onsite source water treatment should consider its impact on cyanobacterial community structure and the reduction of toxin concentrations.
Mitigative Potential of Novel Lactobacillus plantarum TISTR 2076 against the Aflatoxins-Associated Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Alterations in Liver and Kidney of Broiler Chicks during the Entire Growth Period
Authors: Ali Ashiq , Khatoon Aisha , Almohaimeed Hailah M. , Al-Sarraj Faisal , Albiheyri Raed , Alotibi Ibrahim , Abidin Zain Ul
Published: October 2022

Aflatoxins are the secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and have severe pathological effects on the health of human and animals. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicopathological changes induced by aflatoxins and mitigative potential of Lactobacillus plantarum in broiler birds. One hundred and eighty broiler chicks at one day of age was procured from the local market, and chicks were equally divided into six groups with thirty birds in each group. These birds were treated with aflatoxins (300 and 600 µg/kg) and Lactobacillus plantarum (1 × 108 cfu/kg of feed) in different combinations. The first group was kept as the control, and only a basal diet was provided to birds (BD). In the second group (AF1), the first level of aflatoxins (300 µg/kg) was fed to the birds. In the third group (AF2), the second level of aflatoxins (600 µg/kg) was fed to birds. In the fourth group (AF1LP), Lactobacillus plantarum was given with first level of aflatoxins. In the fifth group (AF2LP), Lactobacillus plantarum was given with the second level of aflatoxins, and in the 6th group (BDLP), Lactobacillus plantarum alone was fed to the chicks. This experimental study was continued for 42 days. Birds were slaughtered after 42 days, and different parameters were assessed. Parameters studied were gain in body weight, organ weight along with some histopathological, hematological, biochemical parameters and residues of aflatoxins in liver and kidney. Lactobacillus plantarum improved the body weight gain and restored the relative organ weight. Hepatic and renal biomarkers returned to normal concentrations, serum proteins were restored in combination group AF1LP, and partial amelioration was observed in the AF2LP group. Red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin centration and packed cell volume became normalized in the AF1LP group, while partial amelioration was observed in the AF2LP group. LP also reduced the concentration of aflatoxin residues in liver kidney and improved the TAC concentrations. The results of this study elucidated the mitigative potential of Lactobacillus plantarum against serum biochemical, histopathological, hematological and toxicopathological changes induced by aflatoxins in the chicks.
Multiple Mycotoxin Contamination in Medicinal Plants Frequently Sold in the Free State Province, South Africa Detected Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Ndoro Julius , Manduna Idah Tichaidza , Nyoni Makomborero , de Smidt Olga
Published: October 2022

Medicinal plants are important in the South African traditional healthcare system, the growth in the consumption has led to increase in trade through muthi shops and street vendors. Medicinal plants are prone to contamination with fungi and their mycotoxins. The study investigated multiple mycotoxin contamination using Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) for the simultaneous detection of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Deoxynivalenol (DON), Fumonisins (FB1, FB2, FB3), Nivalenol (NIV), Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Zearalenone (ZEN) in frequently sold medicinal plants. Medicinal plant samples (n = 34) were purchased and analyzed for the presence of eight mycotoxins. DON and NIV were not detected in all samples analyzed. Ten out of thirty-four samples tested positive for mycotoxins —AFB1 (10.0%); OTA (10.0%); FB1 (30.0%); FB2 (50.0%); FB3 (20.0%); and ZEN (30.0%). Mean concentration levels ranged from AFB1 (15 µg/kg), OTA (4 µg/kg), FB1 (7–12 µg/kg), FB2 (1–18 µg/kg), FB3 (1–15 µg/kg) and ZEN (7–183 µg/kg). Multiple mycotoxin contamination was observed in 30% of the positive samples with fumonisins. The concentration of AFB1 reported in this study is above the permissible limit for AFB1 (5 µg/kg). Fumonisin concentration did not exceed the limits set for raw maize grain (4000 µg/kg of FB1 and FB2). ZEN and OTA are not regulated in South Africa. The findings indicate the prevalence of mycotoxin contamination in frequently traded medicinal plants that poses a health risk to consumers. There is therefore a need for routine monitoring of multiple mycotoxin contamination, human exposure assessments using biomarker analysis and establishment of regulations and standards.
Ochratoxin A in Dry-Cured Ham: OTA-Producing Fungi, Prevalence, Detection Methods, and Biocontrol Strategies—A Review
Authors: Chen Yuanshan , Chen Jiang , Zhu Qiujin , Wan Jing
Published: October 2022

Traditional dry-cured hams are easily contaminated by toxigenic fungi during the fermentation and ripening stages. The detection and positive rates of ochratoxin A (OTA) are the highest among mycotoxins detected in traditional dry-cured hams, indicating that OTA in hams is a potential safety hazard to human health. This review addresses the mycotoxin-producing fungal species, the toxigenic conditions causing OTA contamination worldwide, the prevalence of OTA contamination in dry-cured hams, and the detection methods applied in OTA analysis. Additionally, this study introduces methods to prevent and control OTA in traditional dry-cured hams. The growth of common mycotoxin-producing fungi and the accumulation of mycotoxins in dry-cured ham can be controlled by a microbial starter. This review provides an important theoretical foundation for the research and control of OTA in traditional dry-cured hams.
Infectious Disease Modeling with Socio-Viral Behavioral Aspects—Lessons Learned from the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a University
Authors: Nuraini Nuning , Sukandar Kamal Khairudin , Tahu Maria Yulita Trida , Giri-Rachman Ernawati Arifin , Barlian Anggraini , Suhardi Sri Harjati , Pasaribu Udjianna Sekteria , Yuliar Sonny , Mudhakir Diky , Ariesyady Herto Dwi , Rosleine Dian , Sofyan Iyan , Martokusumo Widjaja
Published: October 2022

When it comes to understanding the spread of COVID-19, recent studies have shown that pathogens can be transmitted in two ways: direct contact and airborne pathogens. While the former is strongly related to the distancing behavior of people in society, the latter are associated with the length of the period in which the airborne pathogens remain active. Considering those facts, we constructed a compartmental model with a time-dependent transmission rate that incorporates the two sources of infection. This paper provides an analytical and numerical study of the model that validates trivial insights related to disease spread in a responsive society. As a case study, we applied the model to the COVID-19 spread data from a university environment, namely, the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, during its early reopening stage, with a constant number of students. The results show a significant fit between the rendered model and the recorded cases of infections. The extrapolated trajectories indicate the resurgence of cases as students’ interaction distance approaches its natural level. The assessment of several strategies is undertaken in this study in order to assist with the school reopening process.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with Cruise Ship Travel: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rosca Elena Cecilia , Heneghan Carl , Spencer Elizabeth A. , Brassey Jon , Plüddemann Annette , Onakpoya Igho J. , Evans David , Conly John M. , Jefferson Tom
Published: October 2022

Background: Maritime and river travel may be associated with respiratory viral spread via infected passengers and/or crew and potentially through other transmission routes. The transmission models of SARS-CoV-2 associated with cruise ship travel are based on transmission dynamics of other respiratory viruses. We aimed to provide a summary and evaluation of relevant data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission aboard cruise ships, report policy implications, and highlight research gaps. Methods: We searched four electronic databases (up to 26 May 2022) and included studies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission aboard cruise ships. The quality of the studies was assessed based on five criteria, and relevant findings were reported. Results: We included 23 papers on onboard SARS-CoV-2 transmission (with 15 reports on different aspects of the outbreak on Diamond Princess and nine reports on other international cruises), 2 environmental studies, and 1 systematic review. Three articles presented data on both international cruises and the Diamond Princess. The quality of evidence from most studies was low to very low. Index case definitions were heterogeneous. The proportion of traced contacts ranged from 0.19 to 100%. Studies that followed up >80% of passengers and crew reported attack rates (AR) up to 59%. The presence of a distinct dose–response relationship was demonstrated by findings of increased ARs in multi-person cabins. Two studies performed viral cultures with eight positive results. Genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed in individuals from three cruises. Two environmental studies reported PCR-positive samples (cycle threshold range 26.21–39.00). In one study, no infectious virus was isolated from any of the 76 environmental samples. Conclusion: Our review suggests that crowding and multiple persons per cabin were associated with an increased risk of transmission on cruise ships. Variations in design, methodology, and case ascertainment limit comparisons across studies and quantification of transmission risk. Standardized guidelines for conducting and reporting studies on cruise ships of acute respiratory infection transmission should be developed.
Prompt Identification of Sepsis on Hospital Floors: Are Healthcare Professionals Ready for the Implementation of the Hour-1 Bundle?
Authors: Shakeel Sadia , Iffat Wajiha , Nesar Shagufta , Shayan Sidra , Ali Aatka , Gajdács Márió , Jamshed Shazia
Published: October 2022

Early intervention in sepsis management with recognized therapeutic targets may be effective in lowering sepsis-related morbidity and mortality, although this necessitates timely identification of sepsis by healthcare professionals. The present study aimed to assess knowledge levels, attitudes, and agreement among physicians regarding the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines (more specifically, the Hour-1 bundle). A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among physicians working in different clinical settings in Karachi, Pakistan, using a self-administered questionnaire. The mean cumulative knowledge score of the respondents towards SSC was 6.8 ± 2.1 (out of 10), where a total of n = 127 respondents (51.62%) had a strong understanding of the SSC guidelines, compared to n = 78 (31.7%) and n = 41 (16.7%) respondents with fair and inadequate knowledge, respectively. The majorly known bundle elements by the respondents were to administer broad-spectrum antibiotics (89.8%, n = 221), the need for taking blood cultures before administering antibiotics (87.8%, n = 216), and measurement of blood lactate levels (75.6%, n = 186). Experienced physicians were more likely to use norepinephrine as the first-choice vasopressor (p < 0.001). Female respondents were more likely to consider the duration of antibiotic therapy to be determined according to the site of infection, the microbiological etiology, the patient’s response to treatment, and the likelihood of achieving adequate source control (p = 0.001). The current study concluded that respondents had an optimistic approach and frequently practice in accordance with the SSC guidelines, while some respondents were not up to date with the most recent guidelines. There is a need for further interventions and continuous medical education to encourage physicians towards appropriate use of the recommended guiding principles for improving treatment outcomes in sepsis patients.
Dynamics of He++ Ions at Interplanetary and Earth’s Bow Shocks
Authors: Sapunova Olga V. , Borodkova Natalia L. , Zastenker Georgii N. , Yermolaev Yuri I.
Published: October 2022

Experimental investigations of the fine plasma structure of interplanetary shocks are extremely difficult to conduct due to their small thickness and high speed relative to the spacecraft. We studied the variations in the parameters of twice-ionized helium ions (4He++ ions or α-particles) in the solar wind plasma during the passage of interplanetary shocks and Earth’s bow shock. We used data with high time resolution gathered by the BMSW (Bright Monitor of Solar Wind) instrument installed on the SPEKTR-R satellite, which operated between August 2011 and 2019. The MHD parameters of He++ ions (the bulk velocity Vα, temperature Tα, absolute density Nα, and helium abundance Nα/Np) are analyzed for 20 interplanetary shocks and compared with similar parameters for 25 Earth bow shock crossings. Measurements from the WIND, Cluster, and THEMIS satellites were also analyzed. The correlations in the changes in helium abundance Nα/Np with the parameters βi, θBn, and MMS were investigated. The following correlation between Nα/Np and the angle θBn was found: the lower the value of θBn, the greater the drop in helium abundance (Nα/Np) falls behind the IP shock front. For Earth’s bow shock crossings, we found a significant increase in the helium abundance (Nα/Np) in quasi-perpendicular events.
Immunoinformatics-Based Identification of B and T Cell Epitopes in RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mir Shabir Ahmad , Alaidarous Mohammed , Alshehri Bader , Bin Dukhyil Abdul Aziz , Banawas Saeed , Madkhali Yahya , Alsagaby Suliman A. , Al Othaim Ayoub
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which emerged in December 2019, is a serious health concern throughout the world. Despite massive COVID-19 vaccination on a global scale, there is a rising need to develop more effective vaccines and drugs to curb the spread of coronavirus. Methodology: In this study, we screened the amino acid sequence of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 (the causative agent of COVID-19) for the identification of B and T cell epitopes using various immunoinformatic tools. These identified potent B and T cell epitopes with high antigenicity scores were linked together to design the multi-epitope vaccine construct. The physicochemical properties, overall quality, and stability of the designed vaccine construct were confirmed by suitable bioinformatic tools. Results: After proper in silico prediction and screening, we identified 3 B cell, 18 CTL, and 10 HTL epitopes from the RdRp protein sequence. The screened epitopes were non-toxic, non-allergenic, and highly antigenic in nature as revealed by appropriate servers. Molecular docking revealed stable interactions of the designed multi-epitope vaccine with human TLR3. Moreover, in silico immune simulations showed a substantial immunogenic response of the designed vaccine. Conclusions: These findings suggest that our designed multi-epitope vaccine possessing intrinsic T cell and B cell epitopes with high antigenicity scores could be considered for the ongoing development of peptide-based novel vaccines against COVID-19. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies need to be performed to confirm our in silico observations.
The Application and Outcome Evaluation of a Social Marketing Intervention to Increase Seasonal Influenza Vaccination among University Students
Authors: Lee Daisy , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , Fong Ben , Li Gabriel
Published: October 2022

Seasonal flu vaccination rates among university students are exceedingly low and research focused on voluntarily influencing vaccination uptake is limited. This study outlines the development, implementation, and evaluation of a theory-driven social marketing vaccination intervention following the co-create-build-engage (CBE) framework. This study drew upon a pre-intervention segmentation study and co-created interventions targeted at receptive segments. The intervention delivered a significant 343% increase in vaccination rates using a difference-in-difference analysis. Online communication channels effectively engaged students to register for and receive their flu vaccine Almost 90% of students who received vaccinations signed up in the first two weeks of the intervention program indicating that those who can be motivated will act early in the flu season. Financial incentives, as found in previous studies, were confirmed as highly effective in increasing awareness and influencing vaccination uptake behaviours. Friend referral incentives were also found to be influential in motivating vaccination uptake. Suggestions are provided for future research and practical implementation of interventions on university campuses to motivate flu vaccination and other health behaviours.
Evaluating prognostic significance of preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio in older patients with pathological stage II or III colorectal cancer
Authors: Numata Koji , Ono Yukari , Ju Mihwa , Onuma Shizune , Tanaka Ayano , Kawabe Taichi , Sawazaki Sho , Higuchi Akio , Yamanaka Kazuki , Hatori Shinsuke , Saeki Hiroyuki , Matsukawa Hiroshi , Rino Yasushi , Tani Kazuyuki
Published: October 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in older patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing curative resection.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 244 older patients (aged 75 years or higher) with pathological stage II or III CRC who underwent curative surgery between 2008 and 2016. The optimal value of CAR was calculated and its correlation with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis was examined.Results: The optimal cutoff value of the CAR was 0.085. High preoperative CAR was significantly associated with high carcinoembryonic antigen levels (P=0.001), larger tumor size (P<0.001), and pT factor (P=0.001). On multivariate analysis, high CAR was independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (P=0.042) and overall survival (P=0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative elevated CAR could be considered as an adverse predictor of both relapse-free survival and overall survival in older patients with CRC undergoing curative surgery.
On the issue of the mechanism of interactionbetween the corporate center and divisionsof national companies of Russia
Authors: Kulikov Anton A. , Nikiforova Lyudmila E.
Published: October 2022

Based on the systematization of approaches to the interaction between the corporate center and divisions, as well as the results of the analysis of in-depth interviews with representatives of these structures, the article identifies key areas of interaction in terms of monitoring the performance of the division and evaluating efficiency, strategic capabilities of divisions, professional competencies of management, etc. Problem areas are identified: lack of differentiated consideration of market trends for the division when evaluating the performance of the entire company, irrational forms of control, insufficient level of confidence of the division in the corporate center, etc. When developing unified strategies for interaction between the corporate center and the division, it is advisable to base on three differentiation criteria: types of divisions; interest of the top management of the division in the corporate center; level of information exchange. This approach will take into account the variety of factors that determine the success of each division in the regional market in the short and long term, as well as the results of the company.
Φίλοι καὶ Σύμμαχοι : les relations entre les Attalides et les Étoliens au IIIe et au IIe siècle avant J.-C
Authors: Gondat Julien
Published: October 2022

L’analyse précise des témoignages que nous possédons permet de proposer une nouvelle lecture des motivations qui ont poussé les Attalides de Pergame et la Confédération étolienne à se rapprocher ou à s’éloigner au IIIe et au

IIe siècle av. J.-C. On constatera notamment que la genèse de ces relations était avant tout liée à la volonté des Attalides de légitimer leur nouveau pouvoir, plutôt qu’à des visées offensives communes contre la Macédoine. À l’inverse de ce que l’on a pu croire, c’est justement l’absence de solidarité réciproque dans les conflits militaires contre Philippe V qui a le plus contribué à séparer les deux alliés, au point d’agir dans des camps opposés pendant la guerre antiochique. L’amitié étolo-pergaménienne fut toutefois réactivée quelques temps après le règlement d’Apamée, sans doute vers 185, à l’occasion d’un bienfait d’Eumène II dont témoigne l’érection du pilier étolien à Delphes, que nous datons de cette époque. Ceci n’empêcha pas les Étoliens, pourtant, d’être séduits par la propagande du nouveau roi de Macédoine, Persée, en remettant une nouvelle fois en cause l’alliance avec Pergame.
Hérode Atticus propriétaire et évergète en Eubée : une nouvelle inscription du musée d’Érétrie
Authors: Knoepfler Denis
Published: October 2022

Au nombre des inscriptions imprécatoires que le sophiste Hérode Atticus avait fait graver sur les mémoriaux de ses trophimoi, on connaissait, à côté des exemples attiques (IG II2 13188-13208), un spécimen eubéen mutilé et considéré comme perdu (IG XII 9, 134), qui provenait de la forteresse de Tragounera (sur la route de Kymi). Ayant pu retrouver en 1969 déjà (et apporter au Musée d’Érétrie) un débris de l’inscription en question, l’auteur s’applique à retracer l’histoire de cette pierre errante, pour montrer que la villa possédée par le milliardaire athénien en Eubée pourrait avoir été assez éloignée du lieu de trouvaille et bien plus proche de l’Attique (§ I). Il publie ensuite une plaque intacte, de provenance exacte inconnue, parvenue naguère dans le même musée, qui reproduit la version complète des imprécations hérodiennes (§ II). Au vu de plusieurs variantes textuelles (comme aussi de sa gravure), la nouvelle inscription doit se rattacher à un groupe d’hermès provenant des environs de Marathon, bien distinct de celui des monuments trouvés à Képhisia (§ III). D’autre part, le fait que les trois sections dont est constituée l’imprécation soient l’oeuvre d’un seul et même lapicide invite à ranger l’exemplaire érétrien parmi les spécimens les plus récents, en rapport, vraisemblablement, avec l’Éthiopien Memnon, le dernier à décéder, vers 170, des trophimoi (§ IV). Divers arguments plaident par ailleurs pour localiser ce mémorial eubéen – auquel on peut rapporter un portrait de Polydeukiôn au Musée de Chalcis – dans l’Érétriade occidentale, aux abords du fameux sanctuaire d’Amarynthos (désormais sûrement localisé), région propice aux parties de chasse sous le regard d’Artémis (§ V). Bienfaiteur des cités de l’Eubée selon Philostrate, Hérode Atticus pourrait avoir financé la construction de l’établissement thermal romain tout récemment mis au jour à Érétrie par les archéologues suisses et, surtout, être à l’origine de la renaissance du culte d’Artémis Amarysia, tant à Athmonon (Maroussi) – dans cette filiale où l’intervention d’Hérode a été reconnue depuis longtemps – qu’à Amarynthos même, dont l’exploration en cours vient de livrer des preuves incontestables d’une reprise de l’activité à l’époque antonine (§ VI). Si le sophiste de Marathon est venu ainsi en aide aux Érétriens alors très appauvris, c’est aussi, vraisemblablement, à cause du rôle éminent joué par leur cité dans la première guerre médique : car en tant que disciple de Skopélianos de Clazomènes (auteur d’un Eretrikos logos connu par la Vie d’Apollonios de Tyane de Philostrate), Hérode devait éprouver, lui aussi, une sorte de compassion littéraire pour les descendants des Érétriens déportés dans l’Empire perse après la prise de leur ville en 490 av. J.-C., épisode lié de très près – chronologiquement aussi bien que topographiquement – à la bataille de Marathon (§ VII).
Grec ἙΤΟΙΜΟΣ «qui est sous la main, prêt, disponible», hitt. ze̅(y)a‑ «cuire (intr.) ; être cuit, être prêt», zinni‑ «finir, en finir avec, venir à bout de» : du «tout cuit» étymologique ?
Authors: Dieu Eric
Published: October 2022

The aim of this paper is to present a new etymology for Greek ἑτοῖμος (Later Attic ἕτοιμος) “at hand, ready, prepared” : we may reconstruct a PIE prototype * toih1‑mó‑ (or perhaps * h1toih1‑mó‑ ?) “cooked” or “heat ; cooking” (old substantive of the type * guhor‑mó‑s > Ved. gharmá‑ “ heat”, etc.), based on the PIE root * teih1‑ or * tieh1‑ (* h1teih1‑ or * h1tieh1‑ ?). This Greek adjective may be linked to Hitt. zē(y) a‑ “ to cook (intr.) ; to be cooked, to be done (food)” and perhaps Hitt. zinni‑ “ to finish, to stop, to be ready with”. The meaning “ at hand, ready, prepared” of Greek ἑτοῖμος may have developed from uses of this adjective concerning cooked food, ready to eat or to offer to a divinity, and then ἑτοῖμος tended to develop more figurative meanings. The initial syllable of ἑτοῖμος may have arisen from contamination with the group of ἔτυμος (< * ἕτυ-μος < * set‑u‑) “ true, in accordance with truth, real”, the meaning of which is quite close to that of several Homeric occurrences of ἑτοῖμος. ready, prepared” of Greek ἑτοῖμος may have developed from uses of this adjective concerning cooked food, ready to eat or to offer to a divinity, and then ἑτοῖμος tended to develop more figurative meanings. The initial syllable of ἑτοῖμος may have arisen from contamination with the group of ἔτυμος (< * ἕτυ-μος < * set‑u‑) “ true, in accordance with truth, real”, the meaning of which is quite close to that of several Homeric occurrences of ἑτοῖμος.
Antiochos IV et les festivités de Daphnè : aspects de la politique Séleucide sous l’unipolarité romaine
Authors: Brisson Pierre-luc
Published: October 2022

En 166 av. n. ère, Antiochos IV Épiphane a organisé à Daphnè, près d’Antioche sur l’Oronte, de grandes festivités panhelléniques, de même qu’un important déploiement des forces militaires séleucides, qui eurent un retentissement considérable auprès de l’opinion publique hellénistique. Polybe affirme (30.25.1) que ces célébrations visaient à surpasser les festivités organisées l’année précédente à Amphipolis par le général Paul-Émile, qui avait ainsi souligné sa victoire contre le royaume de Macédoine. Si certaines analyses récentes sont venues remettre en cause le récit polybien, cet article vise au contraire à réaffirmer le jugement posé par l’historien mégalopolitain, par l’étude attentive de la politique extérieure d’Épiphane durant cette période cruciale, marquée par le renforcement de la puissance unipolaire romaine en Méditerranée. Bien plus, nous serons à même de considérer sous un nouveau jour l’action diplomatique du Séleucide, dont nous soulignerons la cohérence.
La tradition manuscrite des Médicaments composés selon les genres de Galien (Kühn XIII, 362-1058) : nouveaux apports
Authors: Boudon-Millot Véronique
Published: October 2022

The present contribution, based on the direct examination of the manuscript tradition, aims at specifying the precise relationship between the five manuscripts that contain the Galenic treatise De compositione medicamentorum secundum genera. The example of both ancient manuscripts M and C is in particular another illustration of the importance of the monastery of St. John the Prodrome and of the library of the xenon of Kral, in the history of the Galenic text. The study also identified the model of the Aldine printed in 1525. The modern lector indeed has to be aware that the edition princeps (on which depend all the later editions until the reference edition, that of C. G. Kühn printed in Leipzig in 1827) result in reality from a collage made between two texts from two different manuscripts.
D’un tableau l’autre : parcours du discours et parcours de la Poikilia dans les tableaux de Flavius Philostrate
Authors: Robiano Patrick
Published: October 2022

A la différence des études qui ont proposé des interprétations systématiques des Tableaux de Philostrate, cet article vise à replacer l’oeuvre dans un contexte où le principe esthétique de la diversité, de la poikilia, est prégnant, comme l’atteste la métaphore stéréotypée de la prairie fleurie qu’une lecture métalittéraire fait apparaître dans certaines descriptions. Il ne faut donc pas chercher ordre et symétrie. Mais, lus comme un texte de fiction et comme un texte parfaitement organisé par son auteur, ce qui suppose de ne plus faire des huit dernières peintures un appendice, les Tableaux sont un recueil semblable aux recueils de poèmes ou de pièces en prose, tissé de subtils réseaux d’échos produits à la fois par le narrateur et le lecteur. La prétendue visite d’une splendide galerie napolitaine ne sert pas à célébrer le talent de peintres anonymes, mais à manifester le talent du sophiste, capable de créer des images qui rivalisent avec la peinture et créent, toutes ensemble, un monde chatoyant.
Philodème, Sur la mort IV (col. 107-111 = 28-32 Mekler) : Quel remède aux angoisses des humains que la mort terrifie ?
Authors: Delattre Daniel
Published: October 2022

In 2009, W. B. Henry gave his new edition of the final columns of Philodemus’ De morte IV, so called PHerc. 1050. A renewed edition is being prepared for the Collection des Universités de France ; it will offer a great number of new textual restitutions and conjectures so that it will allow a rather different reading of one of the most important ethical books of that Epicurean. The editor of this work which is collaboratively prepared here brings forth the detailed reexamination of seven passages from col. 107-111 [= 28-32 Mekler]. Several grounds of different kinds for fearing death are exposed before Philodemus gives the remedy he proposes, after his master Epicurus, against the dread from which the humans must be released to be able to hope an access to ataraxy and happiness.
Galien a-t-il lu Pline ? À propos de la thériaque dite d’Antiochos (De Antidotis II, 14 = Kühn XIV, 183, 7)
Authors: Boudon-Millot Véronique
Published: October 2022

La question de savoir si Galien a lu Pline a déjà été posée, sans toutefois jusqu’ici recevoir de réponse satisfaisante. Elle est pourtant d’importance, non seulement pour l’identification des sources de Galien, mais plus généralement pour l’histoire de la médecine à l’époque romaine. L’étude de la tradition manuscrite du traité galénique De antidotis et de l’unique passage où le nom de Pline est mentionné permet à présent d’y voir plus clair : Galien n’a pas lu Pline et les deux auteurs ont même utilisé deux sources différentes pour la recette de thériaque qu’ils ont en commun et qu’ils attribuent, pour Galien à Antiochos VIII et pour Pline à Antiochos III.
Les fleurs d’or du Tmolos
Authors: Strasser Jean-Yves
Published: October 2022

Un fragment du palmarès d’un coureur mentionnant les Chrysanthina de Sardes représente de manière fidèle la couronne offerte aux vainqueurs de ce concours. Il s’agit d’une couronne florale constituée d’hélichryse, la plante dont on ornait notamment l’Artémis d’Éphèse mais aussi la Koré sardienne. Ce prix se reconnaît à son aspect perlé aussi sur de nombreuses monnaies de Sardes ou d’ailleurs, soit lié à une légende indiquant les Chrysanthina, soit brandi par une divinité sardienne ou encore surmontant le temple de la seconde néocorie. Le dieu de la montagne Tmolos, sur laquelle on cueillait hier comme aujourd’hui l’helichrysum, brandit la couronne des vainqueurs aux Chrysanthina, ainsi que l’Hermos et un dieu-fleuve indéterminé. Ces revers rappellent les liens forts qui unissent la montagne sacrée des Lydiens, les mythes qui y sont rattachés et le temple d’Artémis sis au pied de la montagne, sur la rive droite du Pactole ; or ce temple était aussi associé, d’une manière ou d’une autre, à la seconde néocorie et aux statues d’Antonin et de Faustine. Les Chrysanthina étaient un concours lié à la seconde néocorie, mais c’est seulement sous Septime Sévère qu’ils accèdent au rang ultime de concours εἰσελαστικὸς οἰκουμενικός.
« Daphne ad Olympum». Une résurgence bithynienne de la légende de Daphné
Authors: Barbara Sébastien
Published: October 2022

Un passage négligé du Paradoxographe du Vatican (iie s. ap. J.-C.) atteste l’existence en Bithynie d’une version locale de la légende de Daphné restée jusqu’ici totalement inexploitée : on peut pourtant aisément l’étayer ou la mettre en perspective en trouvant des indices dans la toponymie, la botanique, la géologie, l’épigraphie et la numismatique locales. La source de cette notice doit être recherchée chez les auteurs de Bithyniaca et il est probable qu’elle se trouvait déjà chez Asclépiade de Myrléa.
Organization of work of juvenile prevention units of the National Police of Ukraine
Authors: Ruvin Oleksandr , Nestor Nataliia , Bondarenko Olha , Telizhenko Lyudmila , Naumenko Serhiy
Published: October 2022

Juvenile delinquency is a social problem faced by each country. Depending on the effectiveness of prevention work, citizens’ levels, and social sense of security in each country differ. Juvenile prevention units are just beginning their practical activities in a new legal direction. The article aims to characterize the organization of the work of juvenile prevention units of the National Police of Ukraine. The object of the study is public relations in juvenile prevention. The subject of the research is the organization of work of juvenile prevention units of the National Police of Ukraine. The methodological basis of the study is general scientific and unique methods. Thus, dialectical, descriptive, system-structural, and comparative-legal methods and methods of induction and deduction were used. It is emphasized that the organization of the work of juvenile prevention units of the National Police of Ukraine is due to several factors. First, the system of juvenile prevention in general. Secondly, the legislative sources determine the general principles of juvenile prevention and its specific measures. Third, the structure of juvenile prevention units at the national and local levels. Fourth, the normati
PERLAWANAN ORANG BANJAR MENENTANG KOLONIALISME BELANDA TAHUN 1859-1906 KERJASAMA GOLONGAN TUTUS RAJA-RAJA DENGAN GOLONGAN JABA
Authors: Sayyidati Rabini , Noor Yusliani
Published: October 2022

Perjuangan Orang Banjar dalam melawan kolonialisme Belanda berlangsung cukup lama dan berlarut-larut karena faktor sosial politik yang mana kemudian adanya ikut campur tangan Belanda terhadap sistem pemerintahan di Kerajaan Banjar. Pemerintah Belanda melalui utusannya mengatur dan mencampuri urusan politik seperti Pengangkatan Putra Mahkota dan pembagian tanah raja. Hal ini juga yang menjadi akar perlawanan masyarakat Banjar yang menginginkan hak dan tradisi politik Kerajaan Banjar kembali seperti semula. Selain itu Belanda juga mengincar sumber daya alam tanah Banjar berupa Batu Bara yang saat itu menjadi komoditas internasional sebagai sumber energi terbesar. Maka demi mengembalikan kemakmuran serta ketentraman Tanah Banjar, bersatulah golongan tutus raja-raja yang memiliki gelar bangsawan dengan golongan jaba yang memiliki semangat juang tinggi. Beberapa perlawanan besar terjadi seperti: 1) Perlawanan Banua Lima dipimpin oleh Jalil, yang bergelar Kyai Adipati Anom Dinding Raja, 2) Perlawanan sekitar Martapura dan Tanah Laut dipimpin oleh Demang Lehman, dan 3) Perlawanan di Daerah Barito, Kapuas dan Katingan dipimpin langsung oleh Pangeran Antasari. Bersatunya golongan tutus raja dan jaba menjadi bukti bahwa pada akhirnya masyarakat Banjar tetap menjunjung adat istiadat, serta tradisi politik asli yang telah dijalankan sejak nenek moyang dan mampu memukul mundur kolonialisme Belanda.
REKAYASA SISTEM PERINGATAN DINI BENCANA BANJIR BERBASIS IoT MENGGUNAKAN RASPBERRY PI
Authors: Prasetyo Agung , Rahmat Rahmat
Published: October 2022

Banjir merupakan gejala alam yang sangat tidak kehendaki karena akan merusakan imfrastruktur yang ada dan menyebabkan kerusakan aset serta kerugian yang besar. Upanya menghindari dan menanggulangi fenomena banjir merupakan masalah untuk segera diatasi. Peringatan diri bagi penduduk disekitar daerah aliran sungai dan daerah rawan banjir sangat diperlukan sehingga penduduk/warga bisa menyelamatkan diri dan mengamankan rumah dan peralatan lainnya yang rawan terhadap banjir. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk penanganan peringatan dini banjir dengan data pemantauan pada daerah banjir yang tersimpan pada server dengan menggunakan Arduino dan Rasberry pi. Penelitian  diawalali dengan Pembuatan modul sistem peringatan diri dengan Arduino dan Raspberyphi. Uji waktu pengiriman data dari Raspberyphi ke Platform Think Speak dengankoneksi Internet.Uji pengaruh tinggi air dapat diterima oleh sensor untuk dikirim kerangkaian pengolah sinyal. Hasil pengujian waktu pengiriman data sensor ke mobile aplikasi  sebesar 7.9 detik.
Optimization of the Antenna Unit of the Superconducting Magnetometer: Research of Weak Magnetic Signals
Authors: Minov Yuriy , Shpylovyi Pavlo , Melnyk Yevhenii
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The article describes the optimization of the superconducting antenna design and balancing method of the superconducting antenna of magnetometer. This magnetometer is designed to study the magnetic properties of materials, as well as non-invasive study of the distribution of magnetic particles in organs of small laboratory animals, when toxic particles or drugs are introduced into the animal's body. The superconducting antenna of the magnetometer is a second-order axial gradiometer and is a part of the flux transformer of the SQUID sensor. For stable operation within the dynamic range of the magnetometer, the antenna must have a balance degree of at least 1/1000. Traditionally, it is balanced in a separate tuning module (Helmholtz coils), which creates a homogeneous magnetic field with a high degree of uniformity.
The purpose. The problem is that the subsequent displacement of the SQUID magnetometer unit into the measuring complex, even within the laboratory, reduces the degree of balance of the magnetometer due to objects that create a strong gradient magnetic field, which negatively affects the measurements.
Results. As a solution of this problem, the some approaches are described in the article. In order to increase the uniformity of the field inside the solenoid and eliminate field distortions at its edges, the using of solenoid with a special arrangement of turns to balance the antenna directly at the measurement site was proposed. The balancing elements for the horizontal components of the magnetic field were eliminated. Also the antenna balancing element in the form of a ring along the vertical component of the magnetic field, which does not violate the symmetry of the antenna was applied.
Conclusions. Using this approach, it is possible to optimize the design of the antenna unit and the balancing process of the magnetometer antenna with a sufficient degree of balance in the vertical component directly in the geometric center of the measuring system, which reduced the time of preparing the system for work and improved the metrological indicators of the system. Keywords: superconductivity, SQUID-magnetometry, axial gradiometer, antenna balance, optimization.