bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Is It All About Glycemia?
Authors: Vecchié Alessandra , Montecucco Fabrizio , Carbone Federico , Dallegri Franco , Bonaventura Aldo
Published: August 2019

Background:

Diabetes is increasing over time, mainly driven by obesity, aging, and urbanization.
Classical macro- and microvascular complications represent the final result of a complex interplay involving
atherosclerosis at all stages.

Methods:

In this review, we aim at focusing on current updates in the pathophysiology of vascular disease in
diabetes and discussing how new therapies might influence the management of these patients at high cardiovascular
risk. Diabetes shows accelerated atherosclerosis with a larger inflammatory cell infiltrate, thus favoring the
development of heart failure. ‘Diabetic cardiomyopathy’ perfectly describes a specific ischemia- and hypertension-
independent entity due to diabetes-related metabolic alterations on myocardial function. Moreover, platelets
from subjects with diabetes display a typical hyperreactivity explaining the stronger adhesion, activation, and
aggregation. Additionally, diabetes provokes an exaggerated stimulation of the endothelium, with an increased
release of reactive oxygen species and a reduced release of nitric oxide, both key elements of the endothelial
dysfunction. Also, the coagulation cascade and leukocytes activate contributing to this pro-thrombotic environment.
Neutrophils have been recently recognized to play a pivotal role by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps.
Finally, microparticles from platelets, neutrophils or monocytes are detrimental effectors on the vessel wall and
are involved both in vascular dysfunction and in thrombotic complications.

Conclusion:

In light of these findings, the therapeutic management of diabetes needs to be mostly focused on
limiting the progression of complications by targeting precise pathophysiological mechanisms rather than the
mere glycemic control, which failed to markedly reduce the risk for macrovascular complications and mortality.
Withdrawal Notice: Transformation of Cyanothioformanilides into Halogenated and Alkylated Imidazolidineiminothione Derivatives and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities
Authors: Sh. El-Sharief Marwa A. M. , Al-Harbi Reem A. K. , Abbas Samir Y. , El-Gammal Eman W. , El-Sharief Ahmed M. Sh.
Published: August 2019

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal "Current Organic Synthesis."

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause

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of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
The Impact of Tracheostomy Timing on the Duration and Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Zaponi Renata de Souza , Osaku Erica Fernanda , Abentroth Lilian Regina Lengler , Marques da Silva Mayara Manzoni , Jaskowiak Jaiane Luiza , Ogasawara Suely Mariko , Leite Marcela Aparecida , de Macedo Costa Cláudia Rejane Lima , Porto Itamar Regazzo Pedreschi , Jorge Amaury Cezar , Duarte Pericles Almeida Delfino
Published: August 2019

Background:

Mechanical ventilation is a life support for ICU patients and is indicated in
case of acute or chronic respiratory failure. 75% of patients admitted to ICU require this support and
most of them stay on prolonged MV. Tracheostomy plays a fundamental role in airway management,
facilitating ventilator weaning and reducing the duration of MV. Early tracheostomy is defined when
the procedure is conducted up to 10 days after the beginning of MV and late tracheostomy when the
procedure is performed after this period. Controversy still exists over the ideal timing and
classification of early and late tracheostomy.

Objective:

Evaluate the impact of timing of tracheostomy on ventilator weaning.

Method:

Single-center retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups: very early
tracheostomy (VETrach), intermediate (ITrach) and late (LTrach): >10 days.

Results:

One hundred two patients were included: VETrach (n=21), ITrach (n=15), and LTrach
(n=66). ITrach group had lower APACHE II (p=0.004) and SOFA (p≤0.001). Total ICU length of
stay, and incidence of post-tracheostomy ventilator-associated pneumonia were significantly lower in
the VETrach and ITrach groups. The GCS and RASS scores improved in all groups, while the
maximal inspiratory pressure and rapid shallow breathing index showed a tendency towards
improvement on discharge from the ICU.

Conclusion:

Very early tracheostomy did not reduce the duration of MV or length of ICU stay after
the procedure when compared to late tracheostomy, but was associated with low rates of ventilatorassociated
pneumonia. Neurological patients benefitted more from tracheostomy, particularly very
early and intermediate tracheostomy.
Neural Direct Torque Control for Induction Motor under Voltage Source Inverter Open Switch Fault
Authors: Kadri Farid , Hamida Mohamed A.
Published: August 2019

Background:

The study of induction motor behavior during abnormal conditions due to
the presence of faults and the possibility to diagnose these abnormal conditions has been a challenging
topic for many electrical machine researchers.

Objective:

Direct Torque Control (DTC) is applied to the control of an induction motor in healthy
and an open circuit fault in the PWM three phase voltage fed inverter. Neural DTC is developed
and used to improve the dynamic behavior of the drive system under faulty switch occurrence.

Methods:

The validity of the proposed control scheme is tested under normal conditions and
switching fail in the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) caused by an open circuit. Through a simulation
testing of an induction motor drive system at different speed references, a comparison between
basic DTC and Neural DTC is performed.

Results:

Simulated results on 1.5-kW induction motor drive show the performance of the proposed
control in normal and faulty cases. The stator current, flux, torque, and speed at different references
are determined and compared in the above techniques using MATLAB-SIMULINK.

Conclusion:

A Neural Network (NN) DTC control system under an open switch fault is proposed
without the need for classical switching table. The use of hybrid intelligent techniques aims to improve
the DTC performances in case of multiple faults occurrence.
Steady-state Security Assessment Based on K-Means Clustering Algorithm and Phasor Measurement Units
Authors: Hemade Bassam A. , Ibrahim Hamed A. , Talaat Hossam E.A.
Published: August 2019

Background:

The security assessment plays a crucial role in the operation of the modern
interconnected power system network.

Methods:

Hence, this paper addresses the application of k-means clustering algorithm equipped
with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and silhouette analysis for the classification of system
security states. The proposed technique works on three principal axes; the first stage involves contingency
quantification based on developed insecurity indices, the second stage includes dataset
preparation to enhance the overall performance of the proposed method using PCA and silhouette
analysis, and finally the application of the clustering algorithm over data.

Results:

The proposed composite insecurity index uses available synchronized measurements from
Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to assess the development of cascading outages. Considering
different operational scenarios and multiple levels of contingencies (up to N-3), Fast Decoupled
Power Flow (FDPF) have been used for contingency replications. The developed technique applied
to IEEE 14-bus and 57-bus standard test system for steady-state security evaluation.

Conclusion:

The obtained results ensure the robustness and effectiveness of the established procedure
in the assessment of the system security irrespective of the network size or operating conditions.
Tetraethylammonium Fluoride-mediated A Green Hydrogen Transfer Process for Selective Reduction of Biomass-derived Aldehydes
Authors: Yu Zhaozhuo , Xu Fusheng , Li Yan , Konno Hiroyuki , Li Hu , Yang Song
Published: August 2019

Hydrogenation of furfural (FUR) to furfuryl alcohol (FFA) is a key step and one of the representative
examples for comprehensive utilization of biomass, while relatively harsh conditions are
typically required to achieve satisfactory results using molecular hydrogen, formic acid, or alcohol as
H-donor over expensive metal catalysts. In this work, a new and benign reaction system, composed of
green and cheap tetraethylammonium fluoride and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), is developed to
be efficient for transfer hydrogenation of bio-based FUR to high-value FFA under mild conditions.
After reacting at 35 ℃ for 0.5 h, 94.9% FUR conversion and 92.3% yield of FFA could be achieved.
This protocol is also widely applicable to the selective reduction of various aromatic aldehydes, giving
relevant alcohols in high yields of 81.0-99.9% at 35-60 °C within 30-120 min. Moreover, the mechanism
of fluoride-activated hydrosilylation was demonstrated to be responsible for the efficient transfer
hydrogenation process.
AVALIAÇÃO, REGULAÇÃO E AUTONOMIA DO ENSINO SUPERIOR EM ANGOLA: PERSPECTIVAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Tauchen Gionara , Borges Daniele Simões , Correia Filho João Manuel
Published: August 2019

A demanda pela formação de profissionais, aliada ao entendimento do Ensino Superior como fator de desenvolvimento, contribuíram com a ampliação dos sistemas de ensino na África Subsaariana, demandando ações dos Estados como organizadores, supervisores e fiscalizadores da qualidade das instituições. Situado neste contexto, o presente artigo tem por objetivo contextualizar a organização do Ensino Superior em Angola e analisar o papel regulador do Estado na avaliação e acreditação das instituições. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa, do tipo narrativa. Por meio da análise dos dados, produziu-se o eixo narrativo Autonomia: dilemas entre avaliação e regulação. Concluímos que em Angola os marcos legais reforçam princípios reguladores do Estado-avaliador, coexistindo com a ideia de autonomia como ampliação da participação política e social. Neste sentido, é necessário articular os processos de avaliação e de regulação, pois o primeiro comporta a autonomia e a diversidade das instituições e sujeitos educativos, os quais podem subsidiar e fundamentar as decisões no âmbito da regulação do Estado.
Educação de Jovens e Adultos a Distância: impedimentos e superações
Authors: Reis Geraldo Ananias , Lopes Carlos
Published: August 2019

O artigo analisa as trajetórias de quatro egressos de uma instituição pública: o Centro de Educação de Jovens e Adultos da Asa Sul (CESAS), em Brasília, DF, em curso a distância. Apreende a origem social dos egressos, o capital cultural, as dificuldades, limitações e opção pela EaD. Como o capital cultural e as imposições das condições de vida dos egressos da EJA/EaD impulsionaram o retorno aos estudos? A resposta a essa questão, em um enfoque descritivo e exploratório, em conexão com os dados de entrevistas, dialoga com Bourdieu e Lahire, concluindo: os egressos da EJA, com exceção de um, têm origem familiar com posição social homóloga e baixo capital cultural institucionalizado; imposições estruturais provocam a prioridade do trabalho e não do capital cultural institucionalizado e, em outro momento da trajetória, o trabalho influencia o retorno aos estudos. Esse regresso, via EJA/EaD, dá aos sujeitos um sentimento de valoração, principalmente, por possibilitar conciliar trabalho e estudo, tendo a escolha um sentido prático.
TRABALHO DOCENTE E DESAFIOS NA ATUALIDADE: ENTREVISTA COM ÁLVARO MOREIRA HYPOLITO1
Authors: Vicente Magda de Abreu , De Lima Iana Gomes , Porto Marisel Valério
Published: August 2019

Álvaro Moreira Hypolito é Doutor em Curriculum and Instruction pelaUniversidade de Wisconsin-Madison e Professor Titular da Universidade Federalde Pelotas (UFPel). O renomado professor em pesquisas referentes ao trabalhodocente nos concedeu esta entrevista no dia 31 de janeiro de 2019, na Faculdadede Educação da UFPel. Neste texto, Álvaro elucida de forma teoricamente densa,objetiva e clara quais são os desafios do trabalho docente na atualidade. Desafiosestes que vêm sendo progressivamente intensificados com as modificaçõespolíticas ocorridas no Brasil, principalmente a partir das últimas eleições em2018. Frente a este cenário, a entrevista aqui apresentada torna-se uma leiturafundamental para os (as) educadores(as). As palavras do referido professorapontam inúmeros desafios para a profissão docente, ajudando na reflexãopermanente sobre a densidade e a importância de ser educador(a) na atualidade.
FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA E IDENTIDADE PROFISSIONAL NA VOZ DE DOCENTES DO BRASIL E DE PORTUGAL
Authors: Sivieri-Pereira Helena De Ornellas , Moraes Anunciato Rosa Maria , Costa e Silva Ana Maria
Published: August 2019

A partir da escrita de um memorial formativo feito por sete professoresbrasileiros e cinco portugueses, buscou-se identificar a percepção dedocentes da Educação Básica da rede pública do Brasil e de Portugal sobre odesenvolvimento da formação continuada que vivenciam. Os dados colhidosforam analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, com o objetivo deestabelecer a relação entre a formação e a construção da identidade profissionale discutir as políticas públicas de formação em vigor no momento no Brasil eem Portugal. Os resultados indicam que nos dois países existe empenho dosetor público em atender à demanda de formação continuada dos docentes,mas, aparentemente, não está atingindo a classe de forma efetiva. Percebe-sedescontentamento dos docentes com a formação oferecida e desânimo embuscar alternativas, trazendo consequências para a constituição da identidadeprofissional. Destaca-se que Portugal está implantando uma grande mudançaa partir do Programa Flexibilidade e Autonomia Curricular, que poderá ser umindicativo para as políticas públicas brasileiras, mas que ainda requer muitasanálises e considerações.
RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS E O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: UM MAPEAMENTO DAS PESQUISAS SOBRE O TEMA
Authors: De Jesus Jeobergna , Santos da Paixão Marília Costa , Vianna Prudêncio Christiana Andrea
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo realiza um levantamento sobre quais aspectos das relações étnico-raciais e o ensino de ciências tem sido evidenciados nas pesquisas em Educação em Ciências, tendo como base as atas de um dos maiores eventos da área no Brasil, o Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC). Essa necessidade surge de cumprir demandas sociais históricas, reforçadas pela promulgação da Lei nº 10.639/03, que torna obrigatória a abordagem da história e cultura africana e afro-brasileira em todas as disciplinas. Contudo, a literatura aponta que a área de Ciências carece de discussões sobre essas questões. Com o objetivo de traçar um panorama das pesquisas sobre educação em Ciências e sua interface com as relações étnico-raciais, analisamos as atas do ENPEC de 2003 a 2015. Os resultados demonstraram que dentre as categorias que elencamos para classificar as pesquisas (concepções de alunos e professores, ensino, formação inicial e continuada de professores e material didático) destaca-se a produção em ensino e material didático. Além disso, é notada a necessidade de mais pesquisas que atentem para a elaboração de estratégias para a inserção das discussões sobre as relações étnico-raciais nas aulas de Ciências. As pesquisas mostram ainda que a área de Ciências é a que mais possui produção, seguida da Biologia e da Química. No entanto, nenhum trabalho foi encontrado na área da Física. Os temas mais comumente pesquisados são: a formação de professores, com o objetivo de pensar práticas para as discussões raciais e o ensino de Ciências. Evidenciamos assim que as relações étnico-raciais precisam ser mais contempladas no ensino de Ciências, pois mesmo que a Lei nº 10.639/03 as tenha tornado obrigatórias, ainda existe uma série de dificuldades para seu efetivo cumprimento, dentre elas a falta de materiais didáticos específicos e as limitações que os docentes possuem para incorporar essa temática em suas disciplinas.
AVALIAÇÃO, ACREDITAÇÃO E INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: INTERFACE E TENDÊNCIAS
Authors: Hizume Gabriella de Camargo
Published: August 2019

A garantia de qualidade da educação superior tem se tornado uma das principaispolíticas públicas tanto na esfera nacional quanto internacional. Muitas vezesassociada ao desenvolvimento econômico e à empregabilidade, a formação denível superior é cercada de expectativas dos mais diversos setores da sociedadeque esperam que atenda a certos requisitos entendidos como indicadores de suaqualidade. Assim, este artigo objetiva discutir alguns dos principais elementosreferentes à avaliação e à acreditação e o papel que exercem em contextos depromoção da qualidade e da internacionalização da educação superior. Paratanto, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, são abordados temas como qualidadee pertinência, acreditação e certificação de qualidade para, por fim, seremapresentados alguns modelos de acreditação em âmbito internacional. Concluiseque a ascensão da acreditação está relacionada à flexibilização de fronteirase às demandas de mobilidade da academia e do mercado de trabalho.
A GESTÃO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR EM ANGOLA: PRÁTICAS E LÓGICAS DE ACESSO
Authors: Barbosa Mendes Maria da Conceição , Manuel Tuca , Carvalho Isabel Maria Romero Fernandez de
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho sintetiza reflexões sobre a gestão do Ensino Superior (ES) emAngola, escrutinando as práticas e lógicas inerentes ao acesso. Os examesde acesso são trazidos ao palco, discutindo as suas configurações enquantoproblemática de gestão, e a tendencial desarticulação entre estes e o perfil doscandidatos. A interpretação da Lei de Bases do Sistema de Educação e Ensino(LBSEE) e do Regulamento Geral de Acesso ao Ensino Superior constituiu-seprocedimento metodológico fundamental, permitindo aferir a relação entre oreferente e o referido, em termos do perfil de saída e de entrada. A identificaçãode desarticulações entre o Ensino Geral e o Ensino Superior, no que diz respeitoaos perfis de saída e ao cumprimento dos objetivos pedagógicos, constitui oprincipal resultado do estudo, com base no qual foram apresentadas algumasalternativas.
AUTOAVALIAÇÃO COMO RECURSO FORMATIVO E FORMADOR: DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR AO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR
Authors: Mendes Silva Ivone Maria , Pochmann Bordin Aline Paula , Fávero Altair Alberto
Published: August 2019

Este artigo discute a importância dos processos de autoavaliação e de reflexãoque podem se fazer presentes na formação e atuação docente. Problematizaainda o papel da educação superior no trabalho com o tema no contexto daformação inicial e continuada de professores, bem como no enfrentamento dosdesafios de se consolidar como espaço de construção de saberes indispensáveisà profissionalização docente. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa, de naturezaqualitativa, envolvendo estudos bibliográficos e de campo, os quais apontaramque os docentes pesquisados não estão tendo acesso a experiências formativasque lhes inspirem e ensinem a incorporar a autoavaliação às suas práticasprofissionais cotidianas ou mesmo a significá-la como um recurso valioso parao trabalho educativo. Conclui-se que há lacunas na formação inicial e continuadados profissionais da educação no que tange à abordagem da autoavaliação etambém da avaliação, corroborando resultados de outras pesquisas.
Adapting the eHealth Literacy Scale for Carers of People With Chronic Diseases (eHeals-Carer) in a Sample of Greek and Cypriot Carers of People With Dementia: Reliability and Validation Study
Authors: Efthymiou Areti , Middleton Nicos , Charalambous Andreas , Papastavrou Evridiki
Published: August 2019

Background

As the population ages, many more people will be in need of long-term care. According to a recent report by Alzheimer's Disease International and the Karolinska Institute, 84% of people with dementia are cared for at home and 16% in nursing homes. Several Web-based interventions have been developed to assist the work of carers at home. Measuring the levels of electronic health (eHealth) literacy is of top priority to facilitate inclusion of this population and develop training programs to enhance eHealth literacy skills.

Objective

This study aimed to adapt the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHeals) for carers of people with dementia, who speak Greek as their native language and live in Greece and Cyprus, and to test the reliability and validity of the scale for carers.

Methods

The content validity of the eHealth Literacy Scale for Carers of People With Chronic Diseases (eHeals-Carer) was assessed with an expert panel (N=10). A descriptive study with face-to-face interviews among 101 primary carers of people with dementia was conducted. In addition to the eHeals-Carer to assess their perceived eHealth literacy, participants responded to a brief questionnaire regarding characteristics of internet use and provided sociodemographic data. The internal consistency of the tool and the construct validity via an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were explored.

Results

The Mean Item-Level Content Validity Index (CVI) and Scale-Level CVI Average was 0.93. The participants were mostly women (75.2%, 76/101), aged less than 60 years (67.3%, 68/101) with secondary education. The internal consistency was estimated at a Cronbach alpha of .83. Two factors were extracted from the EFA: information seeking questions 1 to 5 (factor 1) and evaluation questions 6 to 8 (factor 2).

Conclusions

eHeals-Carer is the first perceived eHealth literacy tool adapted for carers of people with dementia. The use of Web-based services available for carers could help them and improve the health care system in the long term. In Greece and Cyprus, there is a lack of services, and improving the digital skills of carers could provide them with the means to support themselves at home and improve care provision.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/resprot.8080
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Patients With Breast Cancer: Exploratory Study of Social Network Forum Data
Authors: Lognos Béatrice , Carbonnel François , Boulze Launay Isabelle , Bringay Sandra , Guerdoux-Ninot Estelle , Mollevi Caroline , Senesse Pierre , Ninot Gregory
Published: August 2019

Background

Patients and health care professionals are becoming increasingly preoccupied in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that can also be called nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs). In just a few years, this supportive care has gone from solutions aimed at improving the quality of life to solutions intended to reduce symptoms, supplement oncological treatments, and prevent recurrences. Digital social networks are a major vector for disseminating these practices that are not always disclosed to doctors by patients. An exploration of the content of exchanges on social networks by patients suffering from breast cancer can help to better identify the extent and diversity of these practices.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the interest of patients with breast cancer in CAM from posts published in health forums and French-language social media groups.

Methods

The retrospective study was based on a French database of 2 forums and 4 Facebook groups between June 3, 2006, and November 17, 2015. The extracted, anonymized, and compiled data (264,249 posts) were analyzed according to the occurrences associated with the NPI categories and NPI subcategories, their synonyms, and their related terms.

Results

The results showed that patients with breast cancer use mainly physical (37.6%) and nutritional (31.3%) interventions. Herbal medicine is a subcategory that was cited frequently. However, the patients did not mention digital interventions.

Conclusions

This exploratory study of the main French forums and discussion groups indicates a significant interest in CAM during and after treatments for breast cancer, with primarily physical and nutritional interventions complementing approved treatments. This study highlights the importance of accurate information (vs fake medicine), prescription and monitoring of these interventions, and the mediating role that health professionals must play in this regard.
Access to Primary Care and Internet Searches for Walk-In Clinics and Emergency Departments in Canada: Observational Study Using Google Trends and Population Health Survey Data
Authors: Ssendikaddiwa Joseph , Lavergne Ruth
Published: August 2019

Background

Access to primary care is a challenge for many Canadians. Models of primary care vary widely among provinces, including arrangements for same-day and after-hours access. Use of walk-in clinics and emergency departments (EDs) may also vary, but data sources that allow comparison are limited.

Objective

We used Google Trends to examine the relative frequency of searches for walk-in clinics and EDs across provinces and over time in Canada. We correlated provincial relative search frequencies from Google Trends with survey responses about primary care access from the Commonwealth Fund’s 2016 International Health Policy Survey of Adults in 11 Countries and the 2016 Canadian Community Health Survey.

Methods

We developed search strategies to capture the range of terms used for walk-in clinics (eg, urgent care clinic and after-hours clinic) and EDs (eg, emergency room) across Canadian provinces. We used Google Trends to determine the frequencies of these terms relative to total search volume within each province from January 2011 to December 2018. We calculated correlation coefficients and 95% CIs between provincial Google Trends relative search frequencies and survey responses.

Results

Relative search frequency of walk-in clinic searches increased steadily, doubling in most provinces between 2011 and 2018. Relative frequency of walk-in clinic searches was highest in the western provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. At the provincial level, higher walk-in clinic relative search frequency was strongly positively correlated with the percentage of survey respondents who reported being able to get same- or next-day appointments to see a doctor or a nurse and inversely correlated with the percentage of respondents who reported going to ED for a condition that they thought could have been treated by providers at usual place of care. Relative search frequency for walk-in clinics was also inversely correlated with the percentage of respondents who reported having a regular medical provider. ED relative search frequencies were more stable over time, and we did not observe statistically significant correlation with survey data.

Conclusions

Higher relative search frequency for walk-in clinics was positively correlated with the ability to get a same- or next-day appointment and inversely correlated with ED use for conditions treatable in the patient’s regular place of care and also with having a regular medical provider. Findings suggest that patient use of Web-based tools to search for more convenient or accessible care through walk-in clinics is increasing over time. Further research is needed to validate Google Trends data with administrative information on service use.
Mental Health Apps in China: Analysis and Quality Assessment
Authors: Shang Jie , Wei Shaoming , Jin Jianbo , Zhang Puhong
Published: August 2019

Background

Mental disorders have been a great burden on health care systems, affecting the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. Developing countries, including China, suffer from the double burden of both the increasing mental health issues in population and the deficiency in mental health care resources. The use of mobile health technologies, especially for mobile phone apps, can be a possible solution.

Objective

This review aimed to describe the features and assess the quality of mental health apps in major mobile phone app markets in China and further discuss the priorities for mental health app development.

Methods

Keywords including psychology, psychological health, psychological hygiene, psychological health service(s), mental, mental health, mental hygiene, mental health service(s), depression, and anxiety were searched in Chinese in 3 Android app markets (Baidu Mobile Assistant, Tencent MyApp, and 360 Mobile Assistant) and iOS App Store independently. Mental health apps were then selected according to established criteria for in-depth analysis and quality assessment by the Mobile App Rating Scale.

Results

In total, 63 of 997 mental health apps were analyzed in depth, of which 78% (49/63) were developed by commercial entities for general population, 17% (11/63) were for patients or clients of specialized psychiatric hospitals or counseling agencies, 3% (2/63) were by government or local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for general information, and 2% (1/63) for students of a university. Major built-in features of the apps included counseling services, mental health education, and self-assessment of mental health status by validated self-rating scales. The overall quality score of the MH apps was acceptable.

Conclusions

Mental health apps are emerging in the area of mobile health in China. Popular mental health apps usually provide a synthetic platform organizing resources of information, knowledge, counseling services, self-tests, and management for the general population with mental health-related inquiries. The quality of the apps was rated as acceptable on average, suggesting some space for improvement. Official guidelines and regulations are urgently required for the field in the future.
Usability Factors Associated With Physicians’ Distress and Information System–Related Stress: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Heponiemi Tarja , Kujala Sari , Vainiomäki Suvi , Vehko Tuulikki , Lääveri Tinja , Vänskä Jukka , Ketola Eeva , Puttonen Sampsa , Hyppönen Hannele
Published: August 2019

Background

Constantly changing and difficult-to-use information systems have arisen as a significant source of stress in physicians’ work. Physicians have reported several usability problems, system failures, and a lack of integration between the systems and have experienced that systems poorly support the documentation and retrieval of patient data. This stress has kept rising in the 21st century, and it seems that it may also affect physicians’ well-being.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the associations of (1) usability variables (perceived benefits, technical problems, support for feedback, and user-friendliness), (2) the number of systems in daily use, (3) experience of using information systems, and (4) participation in information systems development work with physicians’ distress and levels of stress related to information systems (SRIS) levels.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4018 Finnish physicians (64.82%, 2572 out of 3968 women) aged between 24 and 64 years (mean 46.8 years) in 2017. The analyses of covariance were used to examine the association of independent variables with SRIS and distress (using the General Health Questionnaire) adjusted for age, gender, employment sector, specialization status, and the electronic health record system in use.

Results

High levels of technical problems and a high number of systems in daily use were associated with high levels of SRIS, whereas high levels of user-friendliness, perceived benefits, and support for feedback were associated with low levels of SRIS. Moreover, high levels of technical problems were associated with high levels of psychological distress, whereas high levels of user-friendliness were associated with low distress levels. Those who considered themselves experienced users of information systems had low levels of both SRIS and distress.

Conclusions

It seems that by investing in user-friendly systems with better technical quality and good support for feedback that professionals perceive as being beneficial would improve the work-related well-being and overall well-being of physicians. Moreover, improving physicians’ skills related to information systems by giving them training could help to lessen the stress that results from poorly functioning information systems and improve physicians’ well-being.
Use of Patient-Reported Data to Match Depression Screening Intervals With Depression Risk Profiles in Primary Care Patients With Diabetes: Development and Validation of Prediction Models for Major Depression
Authors: Jin Haomiao , Wu Shinyi
Published: August 2019

Background

Clinical guidelines recommend screening for depression in the general adult population but recognizes that the optimum interval for screening is unknown. Ideal screening intervals should match the patient risk profiles.

Objective

This study describes a predictive analytics approach for mining clinical and patient-reported data from a large clinical study for the identification of primary care patients at high risk for depression to match depression screening intervals with patient risk profiles.

Methods

This paper analyzed data from a large safety-net primary care study for diabetes and depression. A regression-based data mining technique was used to examine 53 demographics, clinical variables, and patient-reported variables to develop three prediction models for major depression at 6, 12, and 18 months from baseline. Predictors with the strongest predictive power that require low information collection efforts were selected to develop the prediction models. Predictive accuracy was measured by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) and was evaluated by 10-fold cross-validation. The effectiveness of the prediction algorithms in supporting clinical decision making for six “typical” types of patients was demonstrated.

Results

The analysis included 923 patients who were nondepressed at the study baseline. Five patient-reported variables were selected in the prediction models to predict major depression at 6, 12, and 18 months: (1) Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item score; (2) the Sheehan Disability Scale; (3) previous problems with depression; (4) the diabetes symptoms scale; and (5) emotional burden of diabetes. All three depression prediction models had an AUROC>0.80, comparable with published depression prediction studies. Among the 6 “typical” types of patients, the algorithms suggest that patients who reported impaired daily functioning by health status are at an elevated risk for depression in all three periods.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that leveraging patient-reported data and prediction models can help improve identification of high-risk patients and clinical decisions about the depression screening interval for diabetes patients. Implementation of this approach can be coupled with application of modern technologies such as telehealth and mobile health assessment for collecting patient-reported data to improve privacy, reducing stigma and costs, and promoting a personalized depression screening that matches screening intervals with patient risk profiles.
Mechanisms and Effects of a WeChat-Based Intervention on Suicide Among People Living With HIV and Depression: Path Model Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Yiran , Guo Yan , Hong Y Alicia , Zhu Mengting , Zeng Chengbo , Qiao Jiaying , Xu Zhimeng , Zhang Hanxi , Zeng Yu , Cai Weiping , Li Linghua , Liu Cong
Published: August 2019

Background

People living with HIV and depression have high rates of suicide. Studies of mobile health (mHealth) interventions have shown feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy in improving mental health in people living with HIV and depression. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms and effects of mHealth interventions on suicide.

Objective

This study was designed to examine the mechanisms and effects of a WeChat-based intervention, Run4Love, on suicide among people living with HIV and depression in China, while considering perceived stress and depressive symptoms as mediators.

Methods

A sample of 300 People living with HIV and depression was recruited from the outpatient clinic of a large HIV or AIDS treatment hospital and was randomized to the Run4Love group or a control group. Data were collected at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups. Path analysis modeling, with longitudinal data, was used in data analyses.

Results

The Run4Love mHealth intervention had a direct effect on reducing suicide rate at the 6-month follow-up (beta=−.18, P=.02) and indirect effect through reducing perceived stress and depressive symptoms at the 3-month follow-up (beta=−.09, P=.001). A partial mediating effect between perceived stress and depressive symptoms accounted for 33% (–0.09/–0.27) of the total effect.

Conclusions

Through path analyses, we understood the mechanisms and effects of an mHealth intervention on suicide prevention. The findings underscored the importance of stress reduction and depression treatment in such a program. We call for more effective suicide prevention, especially mHealth interventions targeting the vulnerable population of people living with HIV and depression.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IPR-17012606; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=21019
Mood Monitoring Over One Year for People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using a Mobile Health System: Retrospective Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Whelan Maxine E , Velardo Carmelo , Rutter Heather , Tarassenko Lionel , Farmer Andrew J
Published: August 2019

Background

Comorbid anxiety and depression can add to the complexity of managing treatment for people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Monitoring mood has the potential to identify individuals who might benefit from additional support and treatment.

Objective

We used data from the sElf-management anD support proGrammE (EDGE) trial to examine: (1) the extent to which the mood-monitoring components of a mobile health system for patients with COPD were used by participants; (2) the levels of anxiety and depression symptoms among study participants; (3) the extent to which videos providing advice about coping with low mood were viewed; and (4) the characteristics of participants with differing levels of mood and utilization of mood monitoring.

Methods

A total of 107 men and women with a clinical diagnosis of COPD, aged ≥40 years old, were recruited to the intervention arm of the EDGE trial. Participants were invited to complete the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 test every four weeks using a tablet computer. Mood disturbance based on these measures was defined as a score ≥5 on either scale. Participants reporting a mood disturbance were automatically directed (signposted) to a stress or mood management video. Study outcomes included measures of health status, respiratory quality of life, and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Results

Overall, 94 (87.9%) participants completed the 12-month study. A total of 80 participants entered at least one response each month for at least ten months. On average, 16 participants (range 8-38 participants) entered ≥2 responses each month. Of all the participants, 47 (50%) gave responses indicating a mood disturbance. Participants with a mood disturbance score for both scales (n=47) compared with those without (n=20) had lower health status (P=.008), lower quality of life (P=.009), and greater anxiety (P<.001) and increased depression symptoms (P<.001). Videos were viewed by 64 (68%) people over 12 months. Of the 220 viewing visualizations, 70 (34.7%) began after being signposted. Participants signposted to the stress management video (100%; IQR 23.3-100%) watched a greater proportion of it compared to those not signposted (38.4%; IQR 16.0-68.1%; P=.03), whereas duration of viewing was not significantly different for the mood management video.

Conclusions

Monitoring of anxiety and depression symptoms for people with COPD is feasible. More than half of trial participants reported scores indicating a mood disturbance during the study. Signposting participants to an advisory video when reporting increased symptoms of a mood disturbance resulted in a longer view-time for the stress management video. The opportunity to elicit measures of mood regularly as part of a health monitoring system could contribute to better care for people with COPD.
Population Density and Structure of Marula (Sclerocarya Birrea) in Gonarezhou National Park and Adjacent Areas, Southeast Zimbabwe
Authors: Satuku Shelly , Gandiwa Edson , Kupika Olga L. , Chanyandura Admire , Muposhi Victor K. , Muboko Never
Published: August 2019

This study assessed the population density and structure of marula (Sclerocarya birrea) in the Gonarezhou National Park (GNP) and adjacent areas, southeast Zimbabwe. Data were collected from 15 belt transects using a stratified random sampling technique (with study sites located in the northwestern Gonarezhou National Park, adjacent communal and resettlement areas) in November 2014. The study results showed that marula tree and shrub densities were highest in the Gonarezhou National Park compared to the communal and resettlement areas. The diameter size class generally showed a reverse J shape in all the land use categories implying that there was a high regeneration and low recruitment into mature marula trees. Anthropogenic uses and herbivory may likely have influenced the density and population structure of marula in the study area. Thus, continuous monitoring and adaptive management is essential in ensuring that marula species is not locally extirpated in areas of high use or damage.
LITERASI BACA TULIS DAN INOVASI KURIKULUM BAHASA
Authors: Indriyani Vivi , Zaim M , Atmazaki Atmazaki , Ramadhan Syahrul
Published: August 2019

Kurikulum pendidikan di Indonesia mengalami perubahan pada tahun 2013. Perubahan tersebut merupakan usaha untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia. Pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, kurikulum yang digunakan adalah berbasis teks. Beberapa tahun kemudian, untuk mewujudkan visi dan misi agar masyarakat dapat beradaptasi dengan kemajuan pengetahuan dan teknologi, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan tentang Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) dan diperbarui dengan Gerakan Literasi Nasional (GLN). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegiatan literasi yang dilakukan di sekolah dan melihat respon siswa setelah dilaksanakan kegiatan literasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk mempertimbangkan literasi sebagai inovasi kurikulum di sekolah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara terstruktur dan teknik pengumpulan angket. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah pedoman wawancara dan lembar kuesioner. Wawancara dilakukan dengan tujuh orang guru Bahasa Indonesia di Sumatera Barat dan Angket diisi oleh 30 orang siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaannya, literasi tidak dilaksanakan dengan aturan yang ditetapkan. Tujuan dari literasi tersebut juga tidak tercapai dengan mestinya. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kurikulum dan literasi seolah-olah merupakan dua hal yang berbeda dan pelaksanaan yang tidak sejalan. Padahal, kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilakukan merupakan kegiatan literasi. Khusus pada pembelajaran bahasa, literasi yang dilakukan adalah literasi baca dan tulis.
INFERENSI DALAM WACANA TEBAK KATA DI ACARA WAKTU INDONESIA BERCANDA
Authors: Ahmadi F Yusep , Fauziya Diena San
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian wacana yang memfokuskan pada telaah inferensi. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebingungan atau kesalahpahaman yang dialami penyimak kuis tebak kata acara Waktu Indonesia Bercanda (WIB) yang disiarkan di NET TV. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan pola inferensi pada wacana tersebut. Penelitian semacam ini belum banyak dilakukan terlebih dengan mengambil wacana yang sedang hangat di masyarakat, yakni ‘acara tebak kata Waktu Indonesia Bercanda’.  Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Sumber data berasal dari website channel WIB di website youtube.com  yang berupa tuturan-tuturan teka teki yang ada di acara Waktu Indonesia Bercanda (WIB) dan akun instagram WIB_Net www.instagram.com/wib_net/. Data dianalisis secara interpretatif melalui teori inferensi prinsip penafsiran lokal dan analogi. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa pola inferensi dalam wacana tebak kata acara WIB memilki ketidakajegan. Sebagaian wacana berpola penafsiran lokal, berpola analogi sebagaian dari kata dalam teks. Selain itu, prinsip penafsiran lokal pun tidak sejalan dengan struktur teks, yakni terdapat pelanggaran terhadap ejaan dan koherensi koteks. Hal ini munjukkan terdapatnya pelanggaran-pelanggaran prinsip penafsiran lokal dan prinsip analogi. Hal itu menimbulkan kegagalan pragmatik bagi para penyimak wacana tersebut. Ketidakajegan inferensi dan pelanggaran prinsip-prinsip inferensi inilah yang dimanfaatkan acara tebak kata Waktu Indonesi Bercanda (WIB) dalam menarik penyimak atau penonton agar merasakan penasaran dan lucu dari acara tersebut.
MENGUNGKAP PENGGUNAAN DIKSI LIRIK LAGU TARLINGDUT KARYA ABDUL ADJIB: KAJIAN STILISTIKA
Authors: Yulistiana Esi , Sumarlam Sumarlam , Satoto Soediro
Published: August 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan diksi serta fungsinya dalam lirik lagu Tarlingdut karya Abdul Adjib. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa frasa, kata, dan kalimat dalam lirik lagu Tarlingdut karya Abdul Adjib. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik inventarisasi, baca-simak, dan pencatatan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model Milles dan Hubberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa empat buah lagu ciptaan Abdul Adjib menggunakan diksi atau pilihan kata yang estetis dalam hal pemilihan kata. Selain itu, dalam lirik lagu Tarlingdut banyak menggunakan diksi yang diambil dari serapan bahasa (1) Jawa khas Cirebon dan (2) bahasa asing yang terdiri dari bahasa Arab, Inggris dan China, serta pemanfaatan sinonim.
NILAI PERILAKU YANG BENAR DALAM BUKU TEKS BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS X SMA
Authors: Napitupulu Jelita Farni , Boeriswati Endry , Purbarini Asti
Published: August 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi nilai perilaku yang benar yang merupakan salah satu fokus nilai humanistik yang ditinjau dari monolog, dialog, dan latihan dalam buku teks pelajaran bahasa Inggris SMA kelas X penerbit Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis isi. Data dikumpulkan melalui tahapan pembacaan buku teks secara seksama, mengidentifikasi, pengkodean, dan pengklasifikasian. Prosedur analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis isi oleh Philip Marying. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) nilai perilaku yang benar yang mendominasi ditinjau dari teks latihan adalah nilai kemampuan beretika dengan indikator pola aturan. (2) Nilai perilaku yang benar yang mendominasi ditinjau dari teks dialog adalah nilai kemampuan sosial dengan indikator hubungan baik. (3) Nilai perilaku yang benar yang mendominasi ditinjau dari teks monolog adalah nilai dalam kemampuan beretika dengan indikator ketekunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai perilaku yang benar dengan kemampuan beretika pola aturan, ketekunan dan kemandirian belajar, serta kemampuan bersosial dengan indikator hubungan baik yang terdapat dalam teks monolog, teks latihan, dan teks dialog buku teks bahasa Inggris.