bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Campylobacter concisus pathotypes induce distinct global responses in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Deshpande Nandan P. , Wilkins Marc R. , Castaño-Rodríguez Natalia , Bainbridge Emily , Sodhi Nidhi , Riordan Stephen M. , Mitchell Hazel M. , Kaakoush Nadeem O.
Published: September 2016

The epithelial response to the opportunistic pathogen Campylobacter concisus is poorly characterised. Here, we assessed the intestinal epithelial responses to two C. concisus strains with different virulence characteristics in Caco-2 cells using RNAseq, and validated a subset of the response using qPCR arrays. C. concisus strains induced distinct response patterns from intestinal epithelial cells, with the toxigenic strain inducing a significantly more amplified response. A range of cellular functions were significantly regulated in a strain-specific manner, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (NOTCH and Hedgehog), cytoskeletal remodeling, tight junctions, inflammatory responses and autophagy. Pattern recognition receptors were regulated, including TLR3 and IFI16, suggesting that nucleic acid sensing was important for epithelial recognition of C. concisus. C. concisus zonula occludens toxin (ZOT) was expressed and purified, and the epithelial response to the toxin was analysed using RNAseq. ZOT upregulated PAR2 expression, as well as processes related to tight junctions and cytoskeletal remodeling. C. concisus ZOT also induced upregulation of TLR3, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL8 and chemokine CXCL16, as well as the executioner caspase CASP7. Here, we characterise distinct global epithelial responses to C. concisus strains, and the virulence factor ZOT, and provide novel information on mechanisms by which this bacterium may affect the host.
Unravelling molecular mechanisms from floral initiation to lipid biosynthesis in a promising biofuel tree species, Pongamia pinnata using transcriptome analysis
Authors: Sreeharsha Rachapudi V. , Mudalkar Shalini , Singha Kambam T. , Reddy Attipalli R.
Published: September 2016

Pongamia pinnata (L.) (Fabaceae) is a promising biofuel tree species which is underexploited in the areas of both fundamental and applied research, due to the lack of information either on transcriptome or genomic data. To investigate the possible metabolic pathways, we performed whole transcriptome analysis of Pongamia through Illumina NextSeq platform and generated 2.8 GB of paired end sequence reads. The de novo assembly of raw reads generated 40,000 contigs and 35,000 transcripts, representing leaf, flower and seed unigenes. Spatial and temporal expression profiles of photoperiod and floral homeotic genes in Pongamia, identified GIGANTEA (GI) - CONSTANS (CO) - FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) as active signal cascade for floral initiation. Four prominent stages of seed development were selected in a high yielding Pongamia accession (TOIL 1) to follow the temporal expression patterns of key fatty acid biosynthetic genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and accumulation. Our results provide insights into an array of molecular events from flowering to seed maturity in Pongamia which will provide substantial basis for modulation of fatty acid composition and enhancing oil yields which should serve as a potential feedstock for biofuel production.
Cross-talk between Human Papillomavirus Oncoproteins and Hedgehog Signaling Synergistically Promotes Stemness in Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Vishnoi Kanchan , Mahata Sutapa , Tyagi Abhishek , Pandey Arvind , Verma Gaurav , Jadli Mohit , Singh Tejveer , Singh Sukh Mahendra , Bharti Alok C.
Published: September 2016

Viral oncoproteins E6/E7 play key oncogenic role in human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated cervical carcinogenesis in conjunction with aberrant activation of cellular signaling events. GLI-signaling has been implicated in metastasis and tumor recurrence of cervical cancer. However, the interaction of GLI-signaling with HPV oncogenes is unknown. We examined this relationship in established HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cancer cell lines using specific GLI inhibitor, cyclopamine and HPVE6/E7 siRNAs. Cervical cancer cell lines showed variable expression of GLI-signaling components. HPV16-positive SiHa cells, overexpressed GLI1, Smo and Patch. Inhibition by cyclopamine resulted in dose-dependent reduction of Smo and GLI1 and loss of cell viability with a higher magnitude in HPV-positive cells. Cyclopamine selectively downregulated HPVE6 expression and resulted in p53 accumulation, whereas HPVE7 and pRb level remained unaffected. siRNA-mediated silencing of HPV16E6 demonstrated reduced GLI1 transcripts in SiHa cells. Cervical cancer stem-like cells isolated by side population analysis, displayed retention of E6 and GLI1 expression. Fraction of SP cells was reduced in cyclopamine-treated cultures. When combined with E6-silencing cyclopamine resulted in loss of SP cell’s sphere-forming ability. Co-inhibition of GLI1 and E6 in cervical cancer cells showed additive anti-cancer effects. Overall, our data show existence of a cooperative interaction between GLI signaling and HPVE6.
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy vesus Chemotherapy alone Followed by Surgery for Resectable Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guo Shan xian , Jian Yan , Chen Ying lan , Cai Yun , Zhang Qing yuan , Tou Fang fang
Published: September 2016

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy has been used for the stage III of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has shown good clinical effects. However, the survival benefits of radiation therapy added in induction regimens remains controversial. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of the published clinical trials to quantitatively evaluate the benefit of preoperative chemoradiotherapy. After searching the database of Pubmed, CNKI, EMBASE, ESMO, The Cochrane Library databases, The American Society of Clinical Oncology and Clinical Trials.gov. Trials were selected for meta-analysis if they provided an independent assessment of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, odds ratio(OR) for tumor downstaging, mediastinal lymph nodes pathological complete response and local control, hazard ratios (HRs) for 5-year survival and progression-free survival were pooled by the stata software version 12.0. Twelve studies involving 2,724 patients were identified, tumor downstaging (p = 0.01), mediastinal lymph nodes pathological complete responses (p = 0.028) and local control (P = 0.002) were achieved, when compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The meta-analysis demonstrated neither 5-year survival nor progression-free-survival benefit in survival from adding radiation. In conclusion, the addition of radiotherapy into chemotherapy was not superior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The higher quality of trials need be investigated combining with the histopathological type and genotyping of lung cancer by clinicians.
Allosteric Inhibitory Molecular Recognition of a Photochromic Dye by a Digestive Enzyme: Dihydroindolizine makes α-chymotrypsin Photo-responsive
Authors: Bagchi Damayanti , Ghosh Abhijit , Singh Priya , Dutta Shreyasi , Polley Nabarun , Althagafi Ismail.I. , Jassas Rabab S. , Ahmed Saleh A. , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: September 2016

The structural-functional regulation of enzymes by the administration of an external stimulus such as light could create photo-switches that exhibit unique biotechnological applications. However, molecular recognition of small ligands is a central phenomenon involved in all biological processes. We demonstrate herein that the molecular recognition of a photochromic ligand, dihydroindolizine (DHI), by serine protease α-chymotrypsin (CHT) leads to the photo-control of enzymatic activity. We synthesized and optically characterized the photochromic DHI. Light-induced reversible pyrroline ring opening and a consequent thermal back reaction via 1,5-electrocyclization are responsible for the photochromic behavior. Furthermore, DHI inhibits the enzymatic activity of CHT in a photo-controlled manner. Simultaneous binding of the well-known inhibitors 4-nitrophenyl anthranilate (NPA) or proflavin (PF) in the presence of DHI displays spectral overlap between the emission of CHT-NPA or CHT-PF with the respective absorption of cis or trans DHI. The results suggest an opportunity to explore the binding site of DHI using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Moreover, to more specifically evaluate the DHI binding interactions, we employed molecular docking calculations, which suggested binding near the hydrophobic site of Cys-1-Cys-122 residues. Variations in the electrostatic interactions of the two conformers of DHI adopt unfavorable conformations, leading to the allosteric inhibition of enzymatic activity.
Conditional abrogation of Atm in osteoclasts extends osteoclast lifespan and results in reduced bone mass
Authors: Hirozane Toru , Tohmonda Takahide , Yoda Masaki , Shimoda Masayuki , Kanai Yae , Matsumoto Morio , Morioka Hideo , Nakamura Masaya , Horiuchi Keisuke
Published: September 2016

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a central component involved in the signal transduction of the DNA damage response (DDR) and thus plays a critical role in the maintenance of genomic integrity. Although the primary functions of ATM are associated with the DDR, emerging data suggest that ATM has many additional roles that are not directly related to the DDR, including the regulation of oxidative stress signaling, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial homeostasis and lymphocyte development. Patients and mice lacking ATM exhibit growth retardation and lower bone mass; however, the mechanisms underlying the skeletal defects are not fully understood. In the present study, we generated mutant mice in which ATM is specifically inactivated in osteoclasts. The mutant mice did not exhibit apparent developmental defects but showed reduced bone mass due to increased osteoclastic bone resorption. Osteoclasts lacking ATM were more resistant to apoptosis and showed a prolonged lifespan compared to the controls. Notably, the inactivation of ATM in osteoclasts resulted in enhanced NF-κB signaling and an increase in the expression of NF-κB-targeted genes. The present study reveals a novel function for ATM in regulating bone metabolism by suppressing the lifespan of osteoclasts and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
Fractal zone plate beam based optical tweezers
Authors: Cheng Shubo , Zhang Xinyu , Ma Wenzhuo , Tao Shaohua
Published: September 2016

We demonstrate optical manipulation with an optical beam generated by a fractral zone plate (FZP). The experimental results show that the FZP beam can simultaneously trap multiple particles positioned in different focal planes of the FZP beam, owing to the multiple foci and self-reconstruction property of the FZP beam. The FZP beam can also be used to construct three-dimensional optical tweezers for potential applications.
A carborane-triggered metastable charge transfer state leading to spontaneous recovery of mechanochromic luminescence
Authors: Tu Deshuang , Leong Pakkin , Li Zhihong , Hu Rongrong , Shi Chao , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Yan Hong , Zhao Qiang
Published: September 2016

Spontaneous recovery of mechanochromic luminescence was realized by carborane-functionalized anthracene derivatives.
Direct synthesis of nitroaryl acetylenes from acetylenes and nitroarenes via oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen
Authors: Bujok Robert , Mąkosza Mieczysław
Published: September 2016

First examples of direct replacement of hydrogen in nitroaromatic rings by acetylenes according to the ONSH pathway are reported.
Molecular dynamics and a spectroscopic study of sulfur dioxide absorption by an ionic liquid and its mixtures with PEO
Authors: Hoher Karina , Cardoso Piercarlo F. , Lepre Luiz F. , Ando Rômulo A. , Siqueira Leonardo J. A.
Published: September 2016

Physical absorption of SO2 is more efficient in PEO than in a quaternary ionic liquid.
Calcium-decorated carbon nanostructures for the selective capture of carbon dioxide
Authors: Koo Jahyun , Bae Hyeonhu , Kang Lei , Huang Bing , Lee Hoonkyung
Published: September 2016

First-principles calculations of carbon dioxide adsorption on Ca-decorated nanostructures were performed to examine the feasibility of using the nanostructures for the selective capture of carbon dioxide. Ca-decorated nanostructures, such as zigzag graphene nanoribbons and graphyne, can serve as highly selective CO2 capture materials.
Detection of adsorbed O2− species on CeO2 solid impregnated with Ag2+ ions during its thermal treatment under a H2 atmosphere, an EPR study
Authors: Skaf Mira , Hany Sara , Aouad Samer , Gennequin Cédric , Labaki Madona , Abi-Aad Edmond , Aboukaïs Antoine
Published: September 2016

H2 adsorption on 10% Ag/CeO2 leads to O2− formation. O2− is released by CeO2 and AgO when present in a reductive atmosphere.
Transition metal complexes of the pyridylphosphine ligand o-C6H4(CH2PPy2)2
Authors: Vaughan Teresa F. , Spencer John L.
Published: September 2016

The coordination chemistry of a new pyridyldiphosphine ligand,o-C6H4(PPy2)2, was explored with platinum, palladium, silver and iridium. The rareP,P,Ncoordination mode and hemilabile behaviour was observed in the iridium complexes.
A nonlinear optical active polymer film based on Pd(ii) dithione/dithiolate second-order NLO chromophores
Authors: Espa D. , Pilia L. , Marchiò L. , Artizzu F. , Di Carlo G. , Marinotto D. , Serpe A. , Tessore F. , Deplano P.
Published: September 2016

A film of [Pd(Dod2pipdt)(dmit)] incorporated into a polymethylmethacrylate matrix, showing a good second-harmonic generation, has been prepared for the first time in the class of dithione–dithiolate 2ndorder NLO-chromophores.
Folic acid conjugated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for targeted delivery of doxorubicin
Authors: Rana Suman , Shetake Neena G. , Barick K. C. , Pandey B. N. , Salunke H. G. , Hassan P. A.
Published: September 2016

The development of water-dispersible Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles having a carboxylic moiety for drug binding and an amine moiety for folate mediated drug targeting.
Inter- and intra-molecular C–H borylation for the formation of PAHs containing triarylborane and indole units
Authors: Escande A. , Crossley D. L. , Cid J. , Cade I. A. , Vitorica-Yrezabal I. , Ingleson M. J.
Published: September 2016

Inter-/intra-molecular electrophilic C–H borylation of C4-substituted indoles enables the formation of fused polycyclic aromatic structures containing triarylborane and N-heterocyclic units.
Food processing and structure impact the metabolizable energy of almonds
Authors: Gebauer Sarah K. , Novotny Janet A. , Bornhorst Gail M. , Baer David J.
Published: September 2016

Fracture particle size after compression of (A) one whole natural almond, (B) one whole roasted almond, or (C) 1 g chopped roasted almonds.
The synthesis of new 8-imino-1-one acridine derivatives catalyzed by a calix[4]arene mono-acid core
Authors: Sarkar Piyali , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: September 2016

Mono-acid incorporated calix[4]arene has been successfully used as the catalyst for the synthesis of 8-imino-1-one acridines.
Glycomic profiling of targeted serum haptoglobin for gastric cancer using nano LC/MS and LC/MS/MS
Authors: Lee Sung Hyeon , Jeong Seunghyup , Lee Jua , Yeo In Seok , Oh Myung Jin , Kim Unyong , Kim Sumin , Kim Su Hee , Park Seung-Yeol , Kim Jae-Han , Park Se Hoon , Kim Jung Hoe , An Hyun Joo
Published: September 2016

A newly developed platform demonstrates quantitative, structure-specific profiling of haptoglobin glycosylation for the purpose of biomarker discovery for gastric cancer.
An unexpected reversal in the pharmacological stereoselectivity of benzothiadiazine AMPA positive allosteric modulators
Authors: Battisti Umberto M. , Citti Cinzia , Rastelli Giulio , Pinzi Luca , Puja Giulia , Ravazzini Federica , Ciccarella Giuseppe , Braghiroli Daniela , Cannazza Giuseppe
Published: September 2016

The stereodiscrimination process in the binding of theRisomer with the receptor pocket is ruled by van der Waals interactions and/or H-bonding with water molecules.
MOF-derived, N-doped porous carbon coated graphene sheets as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Shichao , Xing Yalan , Wang Shengbin , Yang Puheng , Li Honglei
Published: September 2016

N-doped porous carbon coated graphene sheet anode materials exhibit fascinating electrochemical performance with a capacity of 1040 mA h g−1.
Total synthesis of wewakazole B
Authors: Long Bohua , Zhang Jingzhao , Tang Xudong , Wu Zhengzhi
Published: September 2016

Wewakazole B is a novel cyclodecapeptide with highly potent cytotoxic activity isolated from a sample of M. producens collected from the Red Sea.
Metal-free synthesis of 3-methylthiofurans from homopropargylic alcohols and DMSO via a tandem sulfenylation/cyclization reaction in a one-pot manner
Authors: An Zhenyu , She Yue , Yang Xiaodong , Pang Xiaobo , Yan Rulong
Published: September 2016

A tandem sulfenylation/cyclization reaction for the synthesis of 3-methylthiofurans from homopropargylic alcohols and DMSO in a one-pot manner has been developed.
Reactions of nitroxides 16. First nitroxides containing tellurium atom
Authors: Zakrzewski Jerzy , Huras Bogumiła , Kiełczewska Anna , Krawczyk Maria
Published: September 2016

Five- and six-membered nitroxides with a tellurium containing moiety were synthesized by the addition of nitroxyl amines to phenyltellanyl alkylene isothiocyanates.
One-pot low-temperature synthesis of TiO2nanowire/rGO composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Xing Huan , Wen Wei , Wu Jin-Ming
Published: September 2016

In situgrowth of TiO2nanowires on graphene oxide was achieved at 80 °C in an open atmosphere. The optimized TiO2/rGO hybrid exhibited a reaction rate constant 5.5 times that of TiO2nanowires towards photodegradations of rhodamine B in water under the UV light illumination.
Biobased waterborne hyperbranched polyurethane/NiFe2O4@rGO nanocomposite with multi-stimuli responsive shape memory attributes
Authors: Gogoi Satyabrat , Karak Niranjan
Published: September 2016

A biobased waterborne hyperbranched polyurethane nanocomposite wasin situfabricated with nickel ferrite/reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid (NiFe2O4@rGO) as stimuli responsive shape memory material.
Application of Hansen solubility approach for the subcritical and supercritical selective extraction of phlorotannins from Cystoseira abies-marina
Authors: Sánchez-Camargo A. P. , Montero L. , Cifuentes A. , Herrero M. , Ibáñez E.
Published: September 2016

A new theoretical approach based on Hansen solubility parameters has been employed for the first time to select the best green solvent to extract complex bioactive molecules such as phlorotannins from brown macroalgae Cystoseira abies-marina.
Interfacial behaviour of cubic silsesquioxane and silica nanoparticles in Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett films
Authors: Dopierała K. , Bojakowska K. , Karasiewicz J. , Maciejewski H. , Prochaska K.
Published: September 2016

Fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) have been established as useful for the fabrication of superhydrophobic coatings, however little attention has been paid to their use for making ultrathin film by the Langmuir–Blodgett method.
Effect of fractions of kolaviron on some indices of benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats: identification of the constituents of the bioactive fraction using GC-MS
Authors: Winner Kalu , Polycarp Okafor , Ifeoma Ijeh , Chinedum Eleazu
Published: September 2016

This study investigated the effect of fractions of kolaviron on some biochemical parameters in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rats and also characterized the most active fraction (F1) using GC-MS.
Intelligent design of conducting network in polymers using numerical and experimental approaches
Authors: Al Habis Nuha , Liu Chang , Dumuids Jean-Baptiste , Lafdi Khalid
Published: September 2016

Traditionally, a conjugated polymer is used to constitute a conductive network.
Hierarchical hollow collapsed kippah-shaped silicalite-1 with a controllable bimodal pore system by an emulsion based steam assisted conversion approach
Authors: Das Rituparna , Ghosh Sourav , Naskar Milan Kanti
Published: September 2016

Hollow collapsed kippah-shaped silicalite-1 was synthesized by an emulsion based steam assisted conversion (ESAC) method exhibiting hierarchical porosity.
Enzymeless biosensor based on β-NiS@rGO/Au nanocomposites for simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, epinephrine and uric acid
Authors: Muthukumaran P. , Sumathi C. , Wilson J. , Ravi G.
Published: September 2016

In this study, marigold flower-like self-assembled β-NiS (nickel sulfide) nanosheets were grown on rGO (reduced graphene oxide) by a single-step hydrothermal process and then gold nanospheres (AuNS) were electrochemically deposited on the β-NiS@rGO nanostructures.
Synchronous architecture of ring-banded and non-ring-banded morphology within one spherulite based on in situ ring-opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers
Authors: Zhang Jianqiang , Li Li , Song Senyang , Feng Huixia , Chen Peng , Wang Zongbao , Gu Qun
Published: September 2016

Ring-banded morphology of pCBT accompanied by the synchronous evolution of non-ring-banded patterns was investigated through the crystallization of pCBT prepared by ROP of CBT.
3D graphene oxide supramolecular hybrid hydrogel with well-ordered interior microstructure prepared by a host–guest inclusion-induced self-assembly strategy
Authors: Ha Wei , Yu Jing , Chen Juan , Shi Yan-ping
Published: September 2016

A three-dimensional self-assembly strategy for constructing graphene oxide hybrid supramolecular hydrogel with regular porous structure was developed.
Preferential (100)-oriented CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film formation by flash drying and elucidation of formation mechanism
Authors: Kim Se-Yun , Jo Hyo-Jeong , Sung Shi-Joon , Kim Kang-Pil , Heo Young-Woo , Kim Dae-Hwan
Published: September 2016

It was found that the amount of thermal energy delivered during annealing and the amount of residual solvent remaining after spin coating play critical roles in determining the growth properties of (100)-oriented perovskite films.
Tuning the properties of injectable poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) hydrogels by controlling precursor polymer molecular weight
Authors: Urosev Ivan , Bakaic Emilia , Alsop Richard J. , Rheinstädter Maikel C. , Hoare Todd
Published: September 2016

The properties of POEGMA hydrogels are tuned in a chemistry-independent mannerviamanipulation of the molecular weight of precursor polymers.
Low-bandgap polymer electron acceptors based on double B ← N bridged bipyridine (BNBP) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units for all-polymer solar cells
Authors: Long Xiaojing , Wang Ning , Ding Zicheng , Dou Chuandong , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang
Published: September 2016

A new low-bandgap polymer electron acceptor based on the double B ← N bridged bipyridine unit is developed for all-polymer solar cells.
Fluoral-p infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal photonic crystals as fluorescent film sensors for detecting formaldehyde vapor
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Mu Lidan , Zhou Ru , Li Pei , Liu Jiaqi , Gao Loujun , Heng Liping , Jiang Lei
Published: September 2016

A Fluoral-p infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal photonic crystal film can be employed as a fluorescent sensor with a quick response, high sensitivity, excellent selectivity and convenient recyclability for the detection of formaldehyde.
Investigation of plasmonic signal enhancement based on long range surface plasmon resonance with gold nanoparticle tags
Authors: Yang Chih-Tsung , Wu Lin , Bai Ping , Thierry Benjamin
Published: September 2016

Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) molecular tags yield a significant signal enhancement in long range SPR-based biosensing.
Survey on the Effectiveness of Dietary Supplements to Treat Tinnitus
Authors: Coelho Claudia , Tyler Richard , Ji Haihong , Rojas-Roncancio Eveling , Witt Shelley , Tao Pan , Jun Hyung-Jin , Wang Tang Chuan , Hansen Marlan R. , Gantz Bruce J.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

We surveyed the benefit of dietary supplements to treat tinnitus and reported adverse effects.

Method

A website was created for people with tinnitus to complete a variety of questions.

Results

The 1,788 subjects who responded to questionnaires came from 53 different countries; 413 (23.1%) reported taking supplements. No effect on tinnitus was reported in 70.7%, improvement in 19.0%, and worsening in 10.3%. Adverse effects were reported in 6% (
n
= 36), including bleeding, diarrhea, headache, and others. Supplements were reported to be helpful for sleep: melatonin (effect size,
d
= 1.228) and lipoflavonoid (
d
= 0.5244); emotional reactions: melatonin (
d
= 0.6138) and lipoflavonoid (
d
= 0.457); hearing:
Ginkgo biloba
(
d
= 0.3758); and concentration
Ginkgo biloba
(
d
= 0.3611). The positive, subjective reports should be interpreted cautiously; many might have reported a positive effect because they were committed to treatment and expected a benefit. Users of supplements were more likely to have loudness hyperacusis and to have a louder tinnitus.

Conclusions

The use of dietary supplements to treat tinnitus is common, particularly with
Ginkgo biloba
, lipoflavonoids, magnesium, melatonin, vitamin B12, and zinc. It is likely that some supplements will help with sleep for some patients. However, they are generally not effective, and many produced adverse effects. We concluded that dietary supplements should not be recommended to treat tinnitus but could have a positive outcome on tinnitus reactions in some people.
Referral Patterns as a Contextual Variable in Pediatric Brain Injury: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ciccia Angela Hein , Lundine Jennifer P. , Coreno Alyssa
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Access to speech-language pathology (SLP) services is a critical variable in the rehabilitation of pediatric brain injury. In this study, we examined patterns of SLP referral and factors affecting referral during the acute period following brain injury in 2 large pediatric specialty hospitals.

Method

In a retrospective, cohort chart review study, data collection focused on referrals made during the acute period using
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
codes for primary diagnoses of brain injury between 2007 and 2014 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). A total of 200 charts were reviewed. Data extraction included demographic and injury-related variables, referral for rehabilitation across disciplines, and plans of care following assessment.

Results

Samples for both facilities were similar except for primary mechanism of traumatic brain injuries and severity. SLP referral rate at Hospital 1 was 36% and only 2% at Hospital 2. Regression revealed that individuals were less likely to receive an SLP referral if injury severity was classified as unknown or mild or if they were younger in age.

Conclusion

SLP referral rates in the early acute period for children with brain injury were poor, creating a barrier to rehabilitation. This not only limits access to SLP services, but also may have broader and long-term impact.
Underestimation of measured self‐heating in nanowires by using gate resistance technique
Authors: Mariniello G. , Cassé M. , Reimbold G. , Pavanello M.A.
Published: September 2016

The channel temperature rise is demonstrated due to self‐heating in narrow tri‐gate fully depleted silicon‐on‐insulator devices becomes inaccurate when extracted using the gate resistance thermometry. Thermal resistance and channel temperature have been extracted by both gate resistance measurements and 3D TCAD electrothermal simulations for tri‐gate wide and nanowire MOSFETs down to 12.5 nm fin width. A critical fin width around 500 nm the extracted channel temperature accessed by the gate resistance thermometry differs significantly from the actual channel temperature due to heat dissipation through the gate contacts is shown below, leading to significantly underestimated values.
Wideband low‐profile planar square segmented loop antenna for UAV applications
Authors: Kang D. , Tak J. , Choi J.
Published: September 2016

A wideband low‐profile planar square segmented loop antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications is proposed. The antenna consists of a square segmented loop, a patch element, and a shorting strip. The antenna operates at 956 MHz because the eight segments of the loop are electrically connected by capacitive coupling. By adding the patch element and shorting strip, the antenna has a wideband covering GPS L1, GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, LTE2300, LTE2500, and 2400 MHz ISM bands due to improved impedance matching. The antenna has omnidirectional radiation at 956 MHz and quasi‐omnidirectional radiation over the broad bandwidth.
Ergodic sum rate analysis and efficient power allocation for a massive MIMO two‐way relay network
Authors: Roshandeh Koosha Pourtahmasi , Kuhestani Ali , Ardakani Masoud , Tellambura Chintha
Published: September 2016

The authors study the transmit power allocation (PA) problem for a network of two multi‐antenna terminals (one of which is a massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) terminal) and a two‐way, amplify‐and‐forward relay. The relay is limited to a single antenna. Using perfect channel state information, the terminals employ beamforming with maximum‐ratio‐transmission and maximum‐ratio‐combining for transmission and reception, respectively. The authors investigate two practical problems, namely; (i) maximising the sum rate subject to a total power constraint (ii) maximising the sum rate when one of the terminals must exceed a target signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). For the first case, the authors derive the closed‐form optimal PA and for the second, the authors derive a sub‐optimal PA. In both cases, the resulting sum rates are a function of instantaneous channel gains. Thus by averaging over the Nakagami‐m distribution and exploiting the weak law of large numbers, the authors derive the closed‐form ergodic sum rates. Finally, the simulation results validate the theoretical analysis and show the sum‐rate improvements over uniform PA. For example, to achieve 4 bit/s/Hz, a uniform allocation needs 1 dB more than the authors’ optimal allocation. When one of the SNRs must exceed a target value, the gap between the authors’ sub‐optimal PA and random PA increases to 2 dB.
Various coupling configurations on the performance of two‐dimensional coupled oscillator arrays
Authors: Hajian Hamid , Banai Ali
Published: September 2016

Coupled oscillator arrays (COAs) can be used to control the phase distribution across the aperture of an array antenna in such a manner as to affect steering of the beam without the use of phase shifters. Given the various possible planar configurations of COAs, a systematic design approach is necessary. In this study, the authors present a comprehensive comparison of various configurations of planar COAs based on their sensitivity to random errors in their free running frequencies. The parameters considered are (a) the beam pointing error of the array, (b) the locking probability, (c) the side lobe level, and (d) the beam width of the radiation pattern. These results can serve as a design strategy for choosing optimal configurations of planar COAs based on the needs of each particular application.
Torque ripple minimisation of permanent magnet synchronous motor using a new proportional resonant controller
Authors: Gao Jian , Wu Xuan , Huang Shoudao , Zhang WenJuan , Xiao Lei
Published: September 2016

When applying the permanent magnetic synchronous motors (PMSM) to refrigerant system, the suppression of speed ripples of the PMSM in low‐feed range becomes the focus of consideration. The authors start with the generation mechanism and the periodical characteristics of the speed ripples to propose an adaptive control method. In the proposed method, the authors place a frequency variable resonance controller in parallel with the conditional proportion and integral (PI) controller to form a PI‐resonance (PI‐RES) controller. The compensation torque current generated by the resonance controller and the main reference current generated by the PI controller constitute the reference torque current. Because of the existence of the compensation torque current, the electromagnetic torque can follow the variation of the load torque much better, thus the speed ripples are suppressed. Performance indices of the conventional PI controller and the PI‐RES controller are compared and evaluated through experimental investigations. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Supercapacitor charge redistribution analysis for power management of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chai Ruizhi , Ying Hanbin , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2016

To support many power management applications in wireless sensor networks, a previously developed model is modified to predict the terminal behaviour of a supercapacitor under a dynamic charging/discharging power profile. In addition, a robust model parameter identification method based on the genetic algorithm is developed to determine the model parameters using a dynamic test and a self‐discharge experiment. On the basis of the supercapacitor power input model, charge redistribution related figures of merit are derived and used to evaluate the significance of charge redistribution for supercapacitors with various rated capacitance. The results show that supercapacitors with different sizes share similar charge redistribution phenomenon. Furthermore, the charge redistribution significance is studied from several perspectives to provide guidelines for designing power management techniques that can achieve full potential of the energy stored in the supercapacitors.
Coherent side‐band BOC processing
Authors: Borio Daniele
Published: September 2016

Binary offset carrier (BOC) modulated signals are characterised by multi‐peaked correlation functions which may lead to false peak locks that occur when a secondary correlation lobe is tracked instead of the main peak. To solve this problem, side‐band processing (SBP) operates on the two main lobes of the BOC spectrum separately, in a binary phase shift keying like fashion. Although an unambiguous correlation function is obtained, the information provided by the BOC subcarrier is lost. This information is preserved by the double estimator and by the double phase estimator (DPE) which adopt an additional tracking loop to process the subcarrier component. In this study, the connection between SBP and independent subcarrier processing is shown and a novel SBP scheme, the coherent side‐band (CSB) approach, is proposed. As in standard SBP, the two main lobes of the BOC spectrum are processed separately and upper and lower correlators are computed. These correlators are then combined to recover the subcarrier information. CSB provides subcarrier measurements and achieves the performance of the DPE. CSB tracking is thoroughly characterised and simulations and real‐data processing are used to support theoretical findings. The CSB approach is an effective alternative to independent subcarrier processing.
Electromagnetic interference reduction design of alternating integrator for EAST
Authors: Liu D. M. , Wan B. N. , Li J. , Wang Y. , Shen B. , Gong X. Z. , He Y. G.
Published: September 2016

An alternating integrator has been designed for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak that is intended for long pulse operation of up to 1000 s. The electromagnetic operating environment for the device is so complex that it could affect the performance of the integrator. The new integrator system is carefully designed and actualized based on specific reduced electromagnetic interference requirements, which were formulated based on consideration of processing of the input signals, the isolation properties, and the circuit board layout and grounding. The developed integrator shows excellent electromagnetic compatibility and low-drift properties.
Anisotropic thermal conductivity in epoxy-bonded magnetocaloric composites
Authors: Weise Bruno , Sellschopp Kai , Bierdel Marius , Funk Alexander , Bobeth Manfred , Krautz Maria , Waske Anja
Published: September 2016

Thermal management is one of the crucial issues in the development of magnetocaloric refrigeration technology for application. In order to ensure optimal exploitation of the materials “primary” properties, such as entropy change and temperature lift, thermal properties (and other “secondary” properties) play an important role. In magnetocaloric composites, which show an increased cycling stability in comparison to their bulk counterparts, thermal properties are strongly determined by the geometric arrangement of the corresponding components. In the first part of this paper, the inner structure of a polymer-bonded La(Fe, Co, Si)13-composite was studied by X-ray computed tomography. Based on this 3D data, a numerical study along all three spatial directions revealed anisotropic thermal conductivity of the composite: Due to the preparation process, the long-axis of the magnetocaloric particles is aligned along the xy plane which is why the in-plane thermal conductivity is larger than the thermal conductivity along the z-axis. Further, the study is expanded to a second aspect devoted to the influence of particle distribution and alignment within the polymer matrix. Based on an equivalent ellipsoids model to describe the inner structure of the composite, numerical simulation of the thermal conductivity in different particle arrangements and orientation distributions were performed. This paper evaluates the possibilities of microstructural design for inducing and adjusting anisotropic thermal conductivity in magnetocaloric composites.
A kind of fast shutter for Z pinch diagnosis device
Authors: Wang Liangping , Zhang Xinjun , Sun Tieping , Mao Wentin
Published: September 2016

A kind of fast shutter for protecting the diagnosis devices in Z pinch experiments is introduced in this paper. The shutter is composed of a pulling rod, a magnetic core, and a solenoid. Different from the traditional coils which were used at the voltage of 220 V, the solenoid we used must endure the high voltage of 5–10 kV and the deformation which maybe caused by the 5–10 T intense magnetic field. A creative configuration for the solenoid is developed including the winding guide, insulating sleeve, and stainless-steel sleeve. The experimental results show that the configuration of the solenoid is effective. The velocity of the valve is nearly 19 m/s and the time jitter of the shutdown is within 75 μs.
Strain and compositional fluctuations in Al0.81In0.19N/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Portz V. , Schnedler M. , Duchamp M. , Hsiao F.-M. , Eisele H. , Carlin J.-F. , Butté R. , Grandjean N. , Dunin-Borkowski R. E. , Ebert Ph.
Published: September 2016

The strain and compositional fluctuations of nearly lattice-matched Al0.81In0.19N/GaN heterostructures are investigated by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and selected area electron diffraction measurements in scanning electron transmission microscopy. The presence of strain induces height modulations governed by different roughness components at the cleavage surfaces. The surface height modulations are compatible with a relaxation of alternatingly compressive and tensile strained domains, indicating compositional fluctuations. Changes of the a lattice constant are traced to interface misfit edge dislocations. The dislocations induce steps increasing the roughness within the Al0.81In0.19N layers.
Effect of laser wavelength and intensity on the divergence of hot electrons in fast ignition
Authors: Li Boyuan , Tian Chao , Zhang Zhimeng , Zhang Feng , Shan Lianqiang , Zhang Bo , Zhou Weimin , Zhang Baohan , Gu Yuqiu
Published: September 2016

Recently, the short wavelength laser is believed to have a promising prospect in fast ignition for reducing the conflict between laser energy requirement and electron stopping range. Here we investigate the influence of laser wavelength and intensity in the angular dispersion of hot electrons. Both our theoretical model and numerical simulations show that the angular dispersion would increase rapidly with the shortening of laser wavelength due to the Weibel instability, while the laser intensity has little effect on it. These results have important implications for fast ignition.
Unveiling carbon dimers and their chains as precursor of graphene growth on Ru(0001)
Authors: Gao Min , Zhang Yan-Fang , Huang Li , Pan Yi , Wang Yeliang , Ding Feng , Lin Yuan , Du Shi-Xuan , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: September 2016

Carbon precursor that forms on the catalyst surface by the dissociation of feedstock gas plays an important role in the controllable growth of graphene on metal substrates. However, the configuration about the precursor has so far remained elusive. Here, we report the direct observation of uniformly structured precursor units and their chain formation at the nucleation stage of graphene growing on Ru(0001) substrate by using scanning tunneling microscopy. Combining this experimental information with density function theory calculations, the atomic-resolved structures of carbon precursor are characterized as adsorbed CH2 segments on the substrate. The dissociated carbon feedstock molecules or radicals further react to form nonplanar -[C2H4]- chains adsorbed on hexagonal-close-packed hollow sites of the Ru(0001) substrate before incorporating into the graphene island. These findings reveal that CH2 and nonplanar -[C2H4]- segments act as precursors in graphene growth and are helpful to improve the quality and the domain size of desired graphene by precursor or feedstock control.
High spin-dependent tunneling magnetoresistance in magnetite powders made by arc-discharge
Authors: Prakash T. , Williams G. V. M. , Kennedy J. , Rubanov S.
Published: September 2016

We report the successful synthesis of ferrimagnetic magnetite powders made using an arc-discharge method in a partial oxygen atmosphere. X-ray and electron diffraction measurements show that the powders also contain some antiferromagnetic hematite and a small amount of FeO and Fe that has not oxidized. The Raman data show that there is a small fraction of ferrimagnetic maghemite that cannot be seen in the x-ray diffraction data. There is a wide particle size distribution where there are nanoparticles as small as 7 nm, larger faceted nanoparticles, and particles that are up to 25 μm in diameter. The saturation magnetization at high magnetic fields is ∼74% of that found in the bulk magnetite, where the lower value is due to the presence of some antiferromagnetic hematite. The temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization changes at the Verwey transition temperature, and it has a power low dependence with an exponent of 3/2 at low temperatures and 2.23 at high temperatures above the Verwey transition temperature. Electronic transport measurements were made on a cold-pressed pellet and the electrical resistance had an exponential dependence on temperature that may be due to electrostatic charging during tunneling between small nanoparticles. A large magnetoresistance from spin-dependent tunneling between the magnetite particles was observed that reached −9.5% at 120 K and 8 T.
Magnetic tweezers force calibration for molecules that exhibit conformational switching
Authors: Jacobson David R. , Saleh Omar A.
Published: September 2016

High spatial and temporal resolution magnetic tweezers experiments allow for the direct calibration of pulling forces applied to short biomolecules. In one class of experiments, a force is applied to a structured RNA or protein to induce an unfolding transition; when the force is maintained at particular values, the molecule can exhibit conformational switching between the folded and unfolded states or between intermediate states. Here, we analyze the degree to which common force calibration approaches, involving the fitting of model functions to the Allan variance or power spectral density of the bead trajectory, are biased by this conformational switching. We find significant effects in two limits: that of large molecular extension changes between the two states, in which alternative fitting functions must be used, and that of very fast switching kinetics, in which the force calibration cannot be recovered due to the slow diffusion time of the magnetic bead. We use simulations and high-resolution RNA hairpin data to show that most biophysical experiments do not occur in either of these limits.
Electronic mobility limited by optical phonons in Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN double heterojunctions
Authors: Zhou X. J. , Gu Z. , Ban S. L. , Wang Z. P.
Published: September 2016

Applying a finite difference method and modified random-element-isodisplacement model, the mobility of electrons in the two dimensional electron gas in Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN double heterojunctions is calculated in consideration of scattering from interface and half-space optical phonons based on the theory of force balance equation. Considering the effect of ternary mixed crystals and built-in electric fields, the electronic wave functions and corresponding eigen-energies are obtained by solving Schrödinger equations. The results show that electronic mobility decreases with increasing Al from a small component, and then increases with the increasing Al. Other effects such as the size, fixed charges at Al2O3/AlGaN interface, and temperature are also discussed. It is found that the thickness of AlGaN layer increases the mobility, and the fixed charges also increase the mobility but within a certain range, whereas the thickness of Al2O3 layer and temperature reduce the mobility. Some of our results are compared with the experimental data and our conclusion is helpful for designing high electron mobility transistors.
A model of economic growth with physical and human capital: The role of time delays
Authors: Gori Luca , Guerrini Luca , Sodini Mauro
Published: September 2016

This article aims at analysing a two-sector economic growth model with discrete delays. The focus is on the dynamic properties of the emerging system. In particular, this study concentrates on the stability properties of the stationary solution, characterised by analytical results and geometrical techniques (stability crossing curves), and the conditions under which oscillatory dynamics emerge (through Hopf bifurcations). In addition, this article proposes some numerical simulations to illustrate the behaviour of the system when the stationary equilibrium is unstable.
Microwave resonant activation in hybrid single-gap/two-gap Josephson tunnel junctions
Authors: Carabello Steven , Lambert Joseph G. , Mlack Jerome , Dai Wenqing , Li Qi , Chen Ke , Cunnane Daniel , Xi X. X. , Ramos Roberto C.
Published: September 2016

Microwave resonant activation is a powerful, straightforward technique to study classical and quantum systems, experimentally realized in Josephson junction devices cooled to very low temperatures. These devices typically consist of two single-gap superconductors separated by a weak link. We report the results of the first resonant activation experiments on hybrid thin film Josephson junctions consisting of a multi-gap superconductor (MgB2) and a single-gap superconductor (Pb or Sn). We can interpret the plasma frequency in terms of theories both for conventional and hybrid junctions. Using these models, we determine the junction parameters including critical current, resistance, and capacitance and find moderately high quality factors of Q0∼ 100 for these junctions.