bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les grands écroulements rocheux de 1920 et de 1997 sur le glacier de la Brenva (massif du Mont-Blanc) : un vecteur géomorphologique pour la reconstitution de l'histoire holocène d'un bassin glaciaire de la haute montagne alpine
Authors: Deline Philip
Published: July 2019

Les grands écroulements rocheux (V> 1 x 106 m³) constituent un processus majeur de la morphodynamique des versants de la haute montagne alpine. Rendue indispensable par la vulnérabilité très accrue des sociétés alpines depuis un demi-siècle, la reconnaissance de la fréquence et de l 'intensité de cet aléa requiert l'étude géomorphologique des dépôts engendrés. Le bassin glaciaire de la Brenva se prête à une telle étude : en effet, d'une superficie de 8 km² et s 'écoulant sur 3400m de dénivelée, ce glacier, dominé par de hautes parois supraglaciaires, a été parcouru à deux reprises au XXe siècle par un grand écroulement rocheux. Le 18/01/1 997, un volume rocheux de ~ 2 x 106 m³ se détacha de l'Eperon de la Brenva (3873m) ; sa chute sur le glacier déclencha une énorme avalanche en aérosol. Le dépôt mixte (matériel granitique, glace et neige) de cet écroulement recouvrit l'essentiel du glacier inférieur, à l'image de celui des écroulements de novembre 1920, dont le volume rocheux de 2.5-3.5x106 m³ provenait du Grand Pilier d'Angle (4308 m).

La géométrie du bassin glaciaire et du glacier inférieur de la Brenva contraint la trajectoire des écroulements de sorte qu 'une part des dépôts d'écroulement — contrôlée par l'encaissement du glacier inférieur entre ses moraines latérales — recouvre le flanc externe de la moraine latérale droite (comme ce fut le cas en 1920 et 1997) et forme un tablier basai. Alors que l'apport d'épaisseur métrique de chacun des deux écroulements du XXe siècle a constitué une partie de sa surface actuelle, ce tablier basai hypertrophié suggère l'occurrence d'un nombre minimal de 20-40 grands écroulements pendant l'Holocène. Tandis que des dépôts anciens recouvrent le pied du versant ubac du Val Veny, divers arguments géomorphologiques, sédimentologiques, historiques et iconographiques suggèrent l 'occurrence de trois grands écroulements rocheux au Moyen-Age et pendant le PAG (> Ve-VIIe siècles, XIVe-XVe siècles, 1767), en accord avec la fréquence holocène minimale de deux écroulements par millénaire déduite de l'analyse du tablier basai. La question de la relation entre rythmes de ces écroulements et fluctuations climatiques à pas de temps divers reste toutefois ouverte.
Pour une prévision des crues graves en haute Durance : typologie des situations météorologiques à risque
Authors: Baraille Stéphanie
Published: July 2019

Devastating floods forecasts based on meteorological typology (valley of Durance, South Alps).

High valley of Durance is all together open to several climatic influences : from Italia over the Alps crest, from Mediterranean sea by valleys, or from the West. It causes very strong rains which generate serious floods damages. To attempt a preventive evaluation of risks, the aim of this paper is the foresight of these high-rainy conditions. Four patterns of meteorological situations are characterized : windings from East, marine intakes from South ; atmospheric disturbances from West, and thunderstorms. For each situation, the paper studies the forming of these rains, the flood waves propagation, their seasonal occurrence, the intensity of devastations, and the suitability of foresight.
L'épopée des chemins de fer à travers les Rocheuses de la ruée vers l'or à nos jours
Authors: Palluel-Guiliard André
Published: July 2019

Curieuse destinée que celle des chemins de fer des Rocheuses grandis en une génération et qui mettent un siècle à décliner et à mourir. Entre 1865 et 1900, dans des conditions physiques, climatiques et humaines très difficile, quelques capitalistes en s 'appuyant sur d'efficaces techniciens et en profitant de la vente de terrains concédés par les autorités, établissent cinq transcontinentaux plus importants au nord qu'au sud, organisant ainsi une concurrence sévère entre les compagnies qui ne vont cesser au fur et à mesure des crises et des renaissances de fusionner, de se séparer et de se croiser.

De 1890 à 1900 : les «rois» Hill et Harriman s'imposent mais ils ne survivront pas au XXème siècle. Les grands monopoles tiennent environ un demi-siècle avant de décliner lentement et sûrement au point d'être réduits actuellement à un réseau limité en longueur comme en utilisation, victime de la concurrence de la route et des airs.

Les chemins de fer ont été ici le préalable à l 'installation humaine, mais en fait ils ont plus servi les zones périphériques que les montagnes elles-mêmes. Certes, ils ont déterminé les implantations urbaines et économiques mais ils ont pu favoriser un développement autonome des Rocheuses restées ainsi dans la dépendance des métropoles des côtes est et ouest et sans lien entre le nord et le sud. Le Far West n 'est pas le Middle-West, on y eut plus de mérite, mais en fait, moins de résultats.
Le tunnel du Mont-Blanc. Un projet à travers un siècle de relations franco-italiennes (1860-1965)
Authors: Mourlane Stéphane
Published: July 2019

The project of the Mont-Blanc s tunnel tooked two centuries to succeed. Technical constraints have been determining during the period 1800-1850. The political crises between France and Italy and the treaty of alliance (inside the Triplice) with Germany first leaded Italy to develop the tunnel under the Gothard. Mussolini followed a politic of reconciliation with western démocraties in the 1930' years, but the war of Ethiopy stopped the project again.

After the World War Two, France and Italy were bringing together and signed a convention (14 mars 1953). The treaty of Roma (25 mars 1957) gave an auspicious context in Europa for the construction of the tunnel which has been inaugurated on july 1965.
La traversée des Andes à l'époque moderne
Authors: Bennassar Bartolomé
Published: July 2019

La traversée des Andes s'inscrit à l'évidence dans une longue durée dont les origines sont très antérieures à l'arrivée des Européens, même si le système de communications de l'empire incaïque n'avait été organisé que peu de temps avant la conquête espagnole. Les voies incaïques utilisaient, bien entendu, les vastes étendues des altiplanos andins qui permettaient une progression linéaire et qui étaient équipés de relais d'animaux de charge (llamas) et de magasins de vivres. Nous allons privilégier dans cet article les traversées des Andes au temps de la découverte par les Européens parce qu'elles sont d'extraordinaires aventures humaines, d'authentiques épopées, je retiendrai trois exemples.

-Les expéditions des années 1529-40 dans le Nord des Andes, en quête de l'Eldorado, qui partirent soit de la péninsule de Coro (dans le Venezuela actuel), soit de Santa Marta, sur les côte caraibe, soit enfin de Quito. Ces expéditions furent le fait d'Allemands (Ambroise Alfinger, Nicolas Federman, Georges de Spire ou Philippe von Hutten), ou d'Espagnols (Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada, Belalcazar).

-Ensuite, la prodigieuse traversée des Andes d'ouest en est, par Francisco de Orellana et ses compagnons, qui, partis de Quito, descendirent rio Coca, puis le Napo jusqu 'au confluent avec l'Amazone qu 'ils accompagnèrent jusqu 'à son embouchure (décembre 1541-septembre 1542).

-Enfin, de 1535 à 1537, l'expédition de Diego de Almagro de Cuzco au Chili, à travers les Andes méridionales, avec la traversée dramatique du désert d'Atacama.

Je tiens aussi à évoquer le système mis au point dans le cadre de l'exploitation économique de l'Amérique andine et notamment de l'argent du Potosi.
Arrêt 1 -Un glacier noir remarquable, le Miage (Arp Vieille)
Authors: Deline Philip
Published: July 2019

Con una superficie di 13 km2, il ghiacciaio del Miage è il principale ghiacciaio del versante italiano del Monte Bianco e il terzo ghiacciaio italiano. Questo grande ghiacciaio, che ha un aspetto di ghiacciaio di valle hima-layano, présenta morene laterali imponenti, ma è la sua copertura detritica sopraglaciale (una delle più vasta delle Alpi) che gli conferisce una particolare originalità. Con la sua topografia accidentata a causa dell 'ablazione differenziale, questa copertura di spessore generalmente >20 cm è principalmente alimentata da crolli rocciosi di cui i depositi costituiscono delle unità morfolitologiche alla superficie del ghiacciaio, di cui la forma dipende dal trasporto, intraglaciale (bande di detrito) o sopraglaciale (ammassi detritici).

Il Miage non è stato sempre un ghiacciaio nero : coperto di detriti in modo discontinuo durante gli ultimi decenni délia PEG, il settore frontale del Miage è diventato "nero" solo immediatamente dopo la fine délia PEG (1860-1880) ; poi, nel corso di mezzo-secolo (1880-1930), la copertura detritica si è sviluppata fino a presentare la sua estenzione attuale.

Se la fronte del ghiacciaio del Miage ha fluttuato molto debolmente dalla fine délia PEG rispetto alla maggior parte dei ghiacciai alpini, cià si spiega grazie aile sue grandi dimensioni ed alla sua vasta copertura, che filtrano il segnale climatico.
Arrêt 3 -Dynamique géomorphologique et évolution d'un site archéologique (Nécropole de Vollein)
Authors: Giardino Marco , Martinotti Giorgio , Mezzena Franco
Published: July 2019

Nell'ambito di una tesi di Dottorato in Scienze délia Terra [Giardino, 1995], sul versante di Quart-Croce di Fana (versante sinistro délia media Valle d'Aosta) sono state svolte indagini geologiche, geomorfologiche ed archeologiche, approfondite soprattutto nel settore circostante il sito archeologico di Vollein (Eneolitico Antico - Media Età del Bronzo), con lo scopo di ricostruire la dinamica geomorfologica del versante e comprendere le interrelazioni fra processi naturali e prodotti-attività antropiche.

Il versante studiato, molto articolato per la presenza di scarpate, contropendenze e rilievi isolati, con tracce di modellamento glaciale, è modellato in unità strutturali ad assetto isoclinale polifasico tagliato da discontinuité strutturali fragili ; l'ammasso roccioso è spesso fratturato a larghe maglie, talvolta con evidenti segni di progressiva apertura delle fratture, rotazioni e traslazioni dei singoli poliedri rocciosi. L'areale interessato da questi pervasivi fenomeni copre una superficie di circa 12 km2.

L'analisi degli indicatori cinematici rilevabili nel substrato roccioso e nelle formazioni superficiali, una dettagliata mappatura dei marker délia deformazione ricavabili da elementi geomorfologici e lesioni a manufatti, unitamente ai rilievi archeologici ed a misure topografiche di precisione, hanno consentito in primo luogo di precisare i mec-canismi dei fenomeni di scivolamento gravitativo ; inoltre si è compreso che, già durante l 'occupazione preistorica, era stata messa in atto una strategia per minimizzare gli effetti délia dinamica gravitativa in grado di generare rischi per la frequentazione del sito.
Arrêt 3 -Les Collines d'Ivrea ; Affleurements rocheux à modelé glaciaire à l'intérieur de l'AMI (Bio, Borgofranco d'Ivrea)
Authors: Forno Maria Gabriella , Gianotti Franco , Grosso Federico
Published: July 2019

I Colli d'Ivrea costituiscono l'emergenza delle tenaci rocce sudalpine alio sbocco della valle della Dora Baltea (in gran parte granuliti délia Zona Ivrea-Verbano), che durante le espansioni glaciali vennero coperte e modellate dal ghiacciaio balteo, potente alcune centinaia di metri : ne risulta un gruppo di rilievi montonati e levigati, racchiu-denti cinque bacini lacustri di esarazione glaciale, che emergono per oltre 200 m di dislivello dalla piana interna dell'anfiteatro e su circa 15 km2 di estensione.
Présentation générale de la cinquième demi-journée
Authors: Carraro Francesco , Fioraso Gian Franco , Lucchesi Stefania , Giardino Marco
Published: July 2019

La visita dell'Anfiteatro Morenico di Rivoli-Avigliana (AMRA ) inizia con una fermata al masso erratico di Case-lette dedicato al grande geologo Federico Sacco, la quale offre l 'occasione per alcune considerazioni storiche sullo sviluppo delle conoscenze geologiche e geomorfologiche di questa forma. La natura glaciale dell'AMRA è stata riconosciuta sin dalla seconda meta del XIX Secolo [Martinis & Gastaldi, 1950 ; Gastaldi, 1871-74 ; 1872], ma il primo documento cartografico che rappresenta in maniera analitica l'AMRA nella sua complessità è la prima edizione del Foglio 56 "Torino" [Franchi et al., 1925] délia Carta Geologica d'Italia alla scala 1 :100.000, dove si distinguono i prodotti di tre distinte glaciazioni, mindeliana, rissiana e wurmiana con riferimento alla cronologia alpina di Penk & Brukner [1909]. La stessa cronologia viene utilizzata più recentemente da Petrucci [1970], che analogamente a Bortolami et al. [1969] individua e précisa la distribuzione di tre gruppi di depositi glacigenici

Una compléta revisione délia geologia dell'AMRA awiene in seguito ail 'introduzione di nuovi modelli interpre-tativi e a nuovi criteri stratigrafici basati essenzialmente sul riconoscimento delle unità a limiti inconformi, e fra queste le unità allostratigrafiche (definite «a mappable stratiform body of sedimentary rock that is defined and identified on the basis of its bounding discontinuities» ; [NASCN, 1983]). Una prima revisione è stata effettuata nell'ambito di una tesi di laurea svolta da S. Nicolussi Rossi [1993] presso l'Université di Torino. Questo approccio è stato recentemente adottato anche nel rilevamento dei Fogli 171 "Cesana", 153 "Bardonecchia", 154 "Susa" e 155 "Torino Ovest" della Carta Geologica d'Italia alia scala 1 :50.000 (progetto CARG) nell'ambito del quale la cartografia dell 'anfiteatro è stata realizzata da S. Lucchesi. L 'integrazione dei dati raccolti sul terreno con le numerose informazioni desunte dalle stratigrafie dei sondaggi e dei pozzi per acqua, ha consentito all'Autrice di delineare un quadro piuttosto complesso della struttura dell'AMRA. Le fermate dell 'escursione ne prendono in esame i caratteri fondamentali fornendone pure una sintesi preliminare.

Nello schema interpretativo presentato vengono riconosciuti tre principali complessi di depositi glaciali, corris-pondenti ad altrettanti intervalli di tempo durante i quali si sono avute più oscillazioni della posizione della fronte glaciale alio sbocco vallivo in pianura, preceduti e seguiti da un completo ritiro della massa glaciale. Questi corrispondono agli Allomembri di Truc Monsagnasco e C. Vica, cronologicamente riferiti al Pleistocene medio, e all Allogruppo del Moncenisio, compreso tra il Pleistocene superiore e l'Olocene. All'interno di quest'ultimo è stato possibile individuare almeno 5 unità di rango inferiore, ciascuna delle quali corrisponde allé diverse tappe della sequenza cataglaciale.
Arrêt 1 -Dépôts glaciaires de l'amphithéâtre morainique de Rivoli - Avigliana (Caselette)
Authors: Carraro Francesco , Giardino Marco
Published: July 2019

Nella fermata al Pian Domini di Caselette (e successivamente nello stop 3, dedicato alla panoramica da Ferriere di Avigliana, rivolta verso il fianco sinistro della Valle) vengono illustrati i caratteri di intersezione fra le unità glaciali appartenenti alla massima espansione e quelle più antiche, quasi completamente obliterate, se si eccettua il deposito "morenico scheletrico sparso " caratteristico del medio versante del Musinè.
Pour une différenciation des déplacements dans l'espace touristique : l'analyse des excursions à l'île Maurice
Authors: Paris Frank
Published: July 2019

This contribution deals with a distinction of possible practices of trip in tourist spaces. Several forms can be spotted (excursion, stroll, walk...). Excursion is then studied, with a theoretical definition and an empirical clarification with the case of Mauritius Island.

Mauritius Island, whose tourism is dominated by stays, establish its fréquentation on representations dominated by the local setting of accommodation (tropical beach, hotel) ; several documents show this setting. Nevertheless, 91 per cent of tourists practice at least one excursion during their stay, appealed to local companies. Those, which are the real actors of the excursion in the Mauritian case, are integrated to the tourist sector, reproducing his main trait : the dualism of the tour operators structures ("big" and "small")... The Mauritian State, which less promotes the resources visited during excursions, plays a small part in this sector of the tourism system. The study continues then with the analyse of the places which are visited by excursionists ; those are presented under the form of a typology, distinguishing high places and territories of excursion, secondary places or places not visited.
Véloroutes et voies vertes : supports, ou objets touristiques ?
Authors: Hecker Anne
Published: July 2019

La mobilité douce, phénomène en pleine extension, demeure encore en quête de sa réelle fonctionnalité, notamment dans ses rapports avec le domaine touristique. En effet, après une dizaine d'années d'expérience sur le sol européen, il apparaît que ces supports de la mobilité douce acquièrent aujourd'hui une reconnaissance en tant qu 'objets touristiques à part entière.

Leur fonctionnalité semble désormais s'opérer à trois niveaux. Conçus comme des espaces de détente à destination locale, ils ont rapidement endossé une fonction utilitaire de déplacement non-motorisé, susceptible de participer au désengorgement du réseau traditionnel, souvent saturé en haute saison. Leur attractivité, en élargissant leur aire de chalandise, leur a attribué une seconde fonctionnalité, celle d'espace de loisirs loco-régional, susceptible de participer à la redistribution de la pression touristique. La multiplication des réseaux de véloroutes de tourisme itinérant révèle un troisième niveau. Ces derniers ouvrent de nouvelles voies d'accès aux secteurs touristiques, drainant des voyageurs non motorisés sur des centaines de kilomètres. L'attractivité de ces supports de la mobilité douce attire à eux une nouvelle forme de tourisme, davantage attachée au mode de déplacement qu 'aux espaces visités.

L'impact des aménagements dont elles ont fait l'objet se traduit aujourd'hui par la fonctionnalité qu 'elles endossent, qui traduit un choix crucial auquel sont confrontés les promoteurs des nouveaux aménagements : favoriser les relations humaines que créent la fonction utilitaire locale, ou les retombées économiques que génère la fonction touristique des voies vertes et des véloroutes ?
Pas feutrés et pneus crantés... Les Alpes françaises entre pratiques de «nature» et loisirs motorisés, une approche des conflits d'usages autour de la mobilité touristique
Authors: Laslaz Lionel
Published: July 2019

The publication of the "Olin circular" relative to the "circulation of the quads and other motorized vehicles in natural spaces" on 6 September 2005 caused a general outcry, as well side of their users as associations of environmental protection, which try, in vain, to make apply the law of 3 January 1991 prohibiting the circulation any ground on the public ways (except roads). This already old debate makes think of the conflicts around the use of the motoneiges in the years 1990 and the dispute (timid within sight of its success) of the international exhibition of 4x4 in Val d'Isere. This article is based on two examples, the Croisiere Blanche Vulco (Orcières, Champsaur-Valgaudemar, 29 editions to date in January) and the TransValQuad-World show of Quad (Valloire, Maurienne, 14 editions to date in July), which illustrate the crispations between the two parts and the conflicts of use around circulation, motorized or not, on the tourist ways. The State, in a schizophrenic play of satisfaction of the two parts, encourages and finances demonstrations which it limits itself, by the laws, the specific regulations of the demonstrations and the answers to the requests of associations of environmental protection. This article shows the course and the characteristics of these two emblematic demonstrations of the current crispations, then the ideological positioning of the various parts. The partisans advance that the laws are respected and that the local populations support these demonstrations. The opponents denounce irremediable attacks on environment, non observance of regulation, obstacle made with freedom of movement for pedestrians and amateurs of "silence".
Les transports, facteurs de développement touristique au sud du Maroc
Authors: Oudada Mohamed
Published: July 2019

Le Sud marocain situé au pied de l'Atlas a été souvent considéré comme un espace inutile. Malgré ses potentialités d'attraction (climat, architecture, paysages...) cette région est restée longtemps marginalisée par les politiques de développement touristique du fait de son éloignement et de sa difficile accessibilité. La réalisation de l'aéroport international de Ouarzazate, le revêtement de la route qui jalonne la vallée du Drâa, la création d'un parc de transport touristique (location de véhicules 4x4, de bus...) à Marrakech ou à Ouarzazate... sont autant de facteurs qui ont stimulé le développement touristique dans cette région. Ce transfert de touristes vers la vallée du Drâa a joué un rôle primordial dans le développement de villes touristiques comme Zagora mais aussi dans l'apparition d'un tourisme de type saharien comme par exemple à M'Hamid.

L'objet de cette communication sera de présenter un bref historique de l 'enclavement et du désenclavement de ce territoire, ainsi que les processus de développement du transport aérien et terrestre comme moyen d'accès à cette région. Ceux-ci ont contribué à faire de cette marge une région attractive en matière touristique ; un territoire essentiel dans la stratégie d'aménagement de l'Etat et ont joué un rôle majeur dans le développement touristique endogène.
PRINCIPAIS FATORES RELACIONADOS À OBESIDADE INFANTIL NA ATUALIDADE
Authors: Godinho Anderson Silva , Gonçalves Nadson Henrique , Aguiar Fernada Silva , Silva Junior Renê Ferreira , Bauman José Mansano , Bauman Claudiana Donato
Published: July 2019

A obesidade é uma das maiores dificuldades para saúde, devido às consequências negativas que o sobrepeso pode causar a saúde humana. Dentre essa pandemia, se insere principalmente a população infantil, no qual evidenciou-se nas últimas décadas um crescimento significativo no percentual de crianças obesas segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde. Diante desse cenário a investigação acerca da obesidade infantil se torna alvo de extrema relevância, no sentido da execução de medidas que fomentem a mudança do estilo de vida. Nessa perspectiva a presente revisão integrativa tem como objetivo verificar os principais fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento do sobrepeso e obesidade infantil. Foram identificados setenta estudos em relação a obesidade. Após uma análise criteriosa de acordo com a pergunta norteadora, a amostra final foi composta por vinte e sete artigos científicos, que abordaram especificamente crianças e adolescentes. Concluiu-se que os principais fatores para o desenvolvimento do sobrepeso e da obesidade entre crianças relacionam-se a: 1. Alimentação inadequada; 2. Inatividade física; 3. Equipamentos eletrônicos; 4. Fatores socioeconômicos; 5. Influência familiar E que para a prevenção do aumento da população obesa, é fundamental que seja feito um acompanhamento nutricional rígido na infância pela família e também pelo ambiente escolar, além do estímulo à prática de atividade física.
Nursing Dysphagia Screening To Preventing The Occurrence Of Pneumonia In Stroke Patients In Indonesia (Comparison Between The National Institutes Of Health Stroke Scale, Nursing Admission Screening Tools, And Functional Independence Measure): Literature
Authors: Aisah Siti - , Waluyo Agung -
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background: Dysphagia is a frequent complication in stroke. Patients with dysphagia have potential risk of pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, increased length of stay and even death. One og nursing intervention that is considered important in the management of stroke patients is dysphagia screening because it can reduce aspiration and pneumonia and other complications that can occur in dysphagia. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to comparison between The National Institutes Of Health Stroke Scale, Nursing Admission Screening Tools, and Functional Independence Measure to preventing the occurrence of pneumonia in stroke patients in Indonesia. Design: This paper used narrative review. Data source: A literature search was conducted of articles published from 2010 through October 2018 using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Ebscohost databases on compared three of dysphagia screening. Result: This search resulted in a total of 16 articles. Evidence has indicated that The National Institutes Of Health Stroke Scale Screening is considered to be the most effective type of dysphagia screening in preventing pneumonia in stroke patients who experience dysphagia. Conclusion: The NIHSS has a sensitivity value, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value that is quite good and considered safe to be applied in screening for dysphagia in stroke patients in Indonesia.

Keywords: dysphagia screening, dysphagia in stroke, The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Nursing Admission Screening Tools,  Functional Independence Measure
Discharge Teaching to Improve Discharge Readiness for Patients Post Hip Surgery
Authors: Rahmawati Ina Nurul , Maria Riri
Published: July 2019

The condition of returning home unpreparedness post hip surgery has an impact on the patient's ability after returning home. This unpreparedness is caused by the inability of patients to manage their own needs and care needs after returning home in carrying out daily tasks, caring for themselves, and the ability to do health care. So that a nursing strategy is needed in preparing the patient's discharge planning in the form of discharge teaching. Four data bases namely Cochrane, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used to explain the effect of discharge teaching to improve patient readiness post hip surgery. Educational needs expected by patients post hip surgery are related to complications, operating procedures, rehabilitation programs, prosthesis, and pain management. Patients hope to get knowledge related to all dimensions, but in reality they only get from the functional dimension. Patients get more knowledge only during treatment than when they are going home. Discharge teaching must also pay attention to the content of information and delivery methods and must be given in all stages of treatment and repetition of important items. So nurses are required to have competence and knowledge in carrying out discharge teaching with the aim of increasing patient readiness.

 

Keywords: discharge teaching, discharge readiness, post hip surgery
The Level of knowledge regarding pap smear examination among the childbearing age women’s in RW 04 RT 05, Rangkapan Jaya Baru, Pancoran Mas Depok
Authors: Hendrawati Hendrawati
Published: July 2019

Level of knowledge of women in childbearing age regarding papsmear consider low. An analytic descriptive study design was used to describe the level of knowledge regarding pap smear examination amonng the childbearing age women. Data collection tools was questionnaire in form of check list. The result confirmed that 39 from 75 participant have an excellent level of knowledge,
Factors Related to Treatment Seeking Behavior Among Spondylitis Tuberculosis Patient: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ardiyati Adelina Vidya , Masfuri Masfuri
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a global public health crisis. Spondylitis Tuberculos is secondary infection that caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most of spondylitis TB patient come to health care facilities with complication, such as deformity and deficit neurology. Health seeking behavior allows the patients to choose their preferres healthcare destination and the best timing of health seeking will resulting a good outcome of treatment.

Aim: A systematic review was carried out to understand factors related to treatment seeking behavior including health seeking behavior, related to delays and attitude regarding spondylitis tuberculosis and the services linked with it.

Materials and Methods: An electronical database search strategy was adopted using Proquest, EBSCOHost, and ScienceDirect to obtain research papers in the said subjects. Of 22 articles obtained by the end of this search process 10 full text articles were finally selected for the purpose of this review.

Results: Of the 10 studies identified, the results showed that some factors associated with related to treatment seeking behavior including (1) Perception of Disease and health service for Spondilitis TB; (2) Self healing and non medical treatment; (3) Knowledge and Misspperception of Spondilitis TB patient; (4) Reasons for seeking care/Delay in seeking care.

Conclusion: Health seeking behavior and related delays are most importance in spondylitis TB care, because spondylitis TB requires timely treatment and protracted treatment to reach the best outcome of treatment. Required level of knowledge and positive health behavior helps the patient in taking timely help appropriate helath facility.

Keywords: Help seeking behavior, Patient delay, Treatment delay, Spondilitis TB
Inclusive Curriculum Education Modification Management (Case Study at Ponorogo National Immersion Primary School)
Authors: Siddiq Umar , Istifadah Lailatul
Published: July 2019

An inclusive school is a regular school that accommodates students with special needs, both those who have abnormalities or special talents that they all study in the same environment and place. One of the activities carried out is journal writing related to the implementation of learning in inclusive settings both done in regular class and Children's Stimulation Unit room. The Inclusive Culture program which was programmed at this institution was welcomed with positive support from parents, all elements of the school and the Education Office Government which are expected to have gradual changes in the inclusive school environment for the community and the District Education Office more aware of the importance of education for all.Sekolah inklusif merupakan sekolah regular yang mengakomodasi peserta didik dengan kebutuhan khusus, baik yang memiliki kelainan ataupun bakat istimewa yang mereka semua belajar dalam lingkungan dan tempat yang sama.Salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah ada penulisan jurnal terkait pelaksanaan pembelajaran dalam setting inklusif baik yang dilakukan di kelas reguler dan ruang Unit Stimulasi Anak. Program Inclusive Culture yang memang diprogramkan di lembaga ini disambut dengan dukungan positif dari orang tua murid, seluruh elemen sekolah dan Pemerintah Dinas Pendidikan yang diharapkan nantinya ada perubahan yang bertahap dalam lingkungan sekolah inklusif bagi masyarakat dan Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten lebih sadar akan pentingnya pendidikan untuk semua.
Strategic Management of Qur’anic Recitation Teaching Among Primary School Teachers in Malaysia
Authors: Che Noh Mohd Aderi , Kasan Hasnan , Yusak Yusni Mohamad , Yusuf Sri Andayani Mahdi
Published: July 2019

This study is related to the perception of Islamic Education teachers on their teaching practices in the Qur'an recitation skills due to the national primary schools under the administration of Education Ministry. A total of 120 Islamic Education teachers were involved as respondents in this study. They were randomly selected from ten districts in Selangor. Data were collected through a set of questionnaires consisting of 32 items. Descriptive statistics consisted of frequency, percentage and mean were used to report the findings. Findings showed that the average means of all four components in teaching practices were high. The component of lesson induction showed mean=4.03, the component of lesson expansion showed mean=4.18, the component of lesson closure showed mean=4.03 and the component of teaching aids showed mean=3.77. In conclusion, teachers should ensure a continuous improvement in their teaching practices especially in Quran recitation skills.Penelitian ini terkait dengan persepsi guru Pendidikan Islam tentang praktik mengajar mereka dalam keterampilan membaca Al-Qur'an karena sekolah dasar nasional di bawah administrasi Departemen Pendidikan. Sebanyak 120 guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dilibatkan sebagai responden dalam penelitian ini. Mereka dipilih secara acak dari sepuluh distrik di Selangor. Data dikumpulkan melalui seperangkat kuesioner yang terdiri dari 32 item. Statistik deskriptif terdiri dari frekuensi, persentase dan rata-rata digunakan untuk melaporkan temuan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata rata-rata keempat komponen dalam praktik mengajar tinggi. Komponen induksi pelajaran menunjukkan rata-rata = 4.03, komponen ekspansi pelajaran menunjukkan rata-rata = 4.18, komponen penutupan pelajaran menunjukkan rata-rata = 4.03 dan komponen alat bantu mengajar menunjukkan rata-rata = 3.77. Sebagai kesimpulan, guru harus memastikan peningkatan berkelanjutan dalam praktik pengajaran mereka terutama dalam keterampilan membaca Al-Quran.
Effectiveness of Educational Objectives: Advancing the Quality of Education in Indonesia
Authors: Ansori Hoerul
Published: July 2019

In the contents of the Republic of Indonesia Constitution no. 20 of 2003 concerning National Education System is the realization of an education system as a strong and authoritative social institution to empower all Indonesians to develop into quality maneuvers that are capable and proactive in responding to the challenges of an ever-changing era. However, along with the rapid development of the times, with the emergence of various kinds of problems, especially in the field of education, which makes the goals of education contained in the law tend to be difficult to realize. So, to facilitate the development of educational goals with the aim of advancing the quality of education in Indonesia, there are three things that must be done, namely : 1) developing the quality of human resources, 2) building a Strong Educational Foundation and Clear Vision, 3) developing a noble moral based curriculum.Dalam undang-undang RI No. 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sisdiknas adalah terwujudnya sistem pendidikan sebagai pranata sosial yang kuat dan berwibawa untuk memberdayakan semua warga Indonesia berkembang menjadi manusia yang berkualitas sehingga mampu dan proaktif  menjawab tantangan zaman yang selalu berubah. Akan tetapi, seiring dengan cepatnya perkembangan zaman, dengan munculnya berbagai macam permasalahan terutama dalam bidang pendidikan, yang membuat tujuan dari pendidikan yang tertuang dalam undang-undang tersebut cenderung sulit terwujudkan. Maka, untuk memudahkan pengembangan tujuan pendidikan dengan maksud memajukan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia, ada tiga hal yang mesti dilakukan yaitu; 1) mengembangkan kualitas sumber daya manusia, 2) Membangun landasan pendidikan yang kuat dan visi yang jelas, 3) mengembangkan kurikulum berbasis akhlak mulia.
Pengaruh Perlakuan Hipotermia Ringan pada Kasus Cedera Otak akibat Trauma Risiko Tinggi Berdasarkan Glasgow Coma Scale dan Kadar Protein TNF-α
Authors: Hendratno Josep , Prasetyo Eko , Oley Maximillian Ch.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Mild hypothermia treatment could be a useful method for improving the outcome of neurological treatment in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). There are several mechanisms underlying this effect inter alia reduction of metabolic rate, attenuation of excitatory amino acid and free radical synthesis, suppression of inflammatory responses, and prevention of blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema. This study was aimed to obtain the effect of mild hypothermia treatment on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) dan TNF-α level among patients with severe TBI. This was an experimental analytical study. Subjects were adults aged 16-45 years, divided randomly into two groups (mild hypothermia and control groups) which were observed within 24 and 72 hours. TNF-α serum level was estimated by using TNF-α in vitro simple step ELISA. The assessments of outcomes were determined by using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) during the mild hypothermia therapy. The results showed that there were 20 TBI patients enrolled in this study, divided randomly into two groups. The treatment group, treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia, showed a decrease in TNF-α serum level and improved clinical value of GCS score (P <0.05). Conclusion: Mild hypothermia could significantly improve the GCS score and decrease TNF-α serum level among patients with severe TBI.Keywords: mild hypothermia treatment, TNF-α, GCS score,TBIAbstrak: Terapi hipotermia ringan (HPTr) dapat memperbaiki hasil pengobatan neurologik pada pasien dengan cedera otak traumatik (COT) risiko tinggi. Beberapa mekanisme yang mendasari efek tersebut ialah antara lain pengurangan tingkat metabolisme, atenuasi asam amino rangsang maupun sintesis radikal bebas, penekanan respons inflamasi, dan pencegahan gangguan sawar darah otak serta edema otak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan HPTr pada kasus COT risiko tinggi berdasarkan skor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) dan kadar TNF-α. Jenis penelitian ialah analisis eksperimental. Subjek ialah orang dewasa berusia 16-45 tahun, diacak menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan HPTr dan kelompok kontrol. Pengamatan subjek dilakukan pada 24 jam dan 72 jam. Kadar serum TNF-α diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode TNF-α in vitro simple step ELISA. Penilaian klinis dilakukan dengan mengunakan skor GCS pada 24 dan 72 jam perlakuan HPTr. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 20 penderita COT, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak. Kelompok perlakuan HPTr menunjukkan kecenderungan penurunan kadar TNF-α serum dan perbaikan nilai klinis dinilai dengan skor GCS (P <0,05). Simpulan: Pada penderita dengan cedera otak traumatik risiko tinggi, terapi hipotermia ringan dapat meningkatkan nilai klinis skor GCS dan menurunkan kadar TNF-α serum secara bermakna.Kata kunci: hipotermia ringan, TNF-α, skor GCS, COT
Gambaran Kasus Luka Tembak di Kota Manado
Authors: Pabur Margareta , Tomuka Djemi , Mallo Johannis F.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Death and severe injury caused by firearm become an important concern worldwide. The increasing crime actions result in the increased use of firearms. In Manado, data of cases of vulnus sclopetorum (injuries or wound caused by the use of firearm) have not been well organized. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of vulnus sclopetorum in Manado. This was a descriptive retrospective study using data of vulnus sclopetorum stated in visum et repertum in Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Bhayangkara Hospital, and Manado Police Department from January 2013 to December 2017. The results showed that there were 11 cases of vulnus sclopetorum. All cases were males, mostly in productive age, and the type of wound was infiltrated vulnus sclopetorum.Keywords: vulnus sclopetorum, firearmAbstrak: Kematian dan atau luka berat yang diakibatkan oleh penggunaan senjata api telah menjadi salah satu masalah global. Tingkat kejahatan yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan penggunaan senjata api sebagai alat untuk melukai seseorang makin bertambah. Di Kota Manado sendiri, data mengenai kasus luka tembak (vulnus sclopetorum) belum terorganisir dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran luka tembak di Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif. Dari hasil pengumpulan data kasus luka tembak di Kota Manado selama periode Januari 2013-Desember 2017 melalui penelusuran Visum et Repertum pada kasus luka tembak di Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik Medikolegal RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado, RS Bhayangkara Manado, dan Kepolisian Resor Kota Manado tercatat 11 kasus luka tembak yang terjadi di Kota Manado. Secara keseluruhan kasus luka tembak terjadi pada laki-laki, didominasi oleh usia produktif, dengan gambaran luka tembak masuk.Kata kunci: luka tembak, senjata api
Gambaran Kasus Kematian pada Korban Terpapar Alkohol yang Diautopsi di Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Periode 2014 - 2017
Authors: Pangemanan Angela A. , Siwu James , Mallo Nola T. S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Alcohol is an addictive substance that could cause adverse effects to human body. Moreover, it is also related to a variety of criminal acts. North Celebes is one of the provinces with the highest alcohol consumption in Indonesia. This study was aimed to describe the death cases exposed to alcohol that were autopsied at Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Hospital Manado during 2014-2017. This was a descriptive retrospective study using data of visum et repertum. The results showed that there were 17 death cases exposed to alcohol. The majority were in 2016 as many as 6 cases (35.3%). The most common age group was 26-35 years as many as 7 cases (41.2%). All cases were males (100%). The most cause of death in these cases were due to violence using sharp objects as many as 15 cases (88.2%). Conclusion: Most death cases exposed to alcohol were males aged 26-35 years, and the cause of death was violence using sharp object.Keywords: alcohol, death casesAbstrak: Alkohol adalah zat adiktif yang dapat berdampak buruk bagi tubuh manusia serta terkait juga dengan berbagai tindakan kriminalitas. Sulawesi Utara merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan konsumen alkohol terbanyak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kasus kematian pada korban terpapar alkohol yang diautopsi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou periode 2014-2017. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data hasil visum et repertum. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 17 kasus kematian korban terpapar alkohol. Kasus terbanyak pada tahun 2016 yaitu 6 kasus (35,3%). Kelompok usia terbanyak 26-35 tahun yaitu 7 kasus (41,2%) dan jenis kelamin laki-laki (100%). Penyebab kematian terpapar alkohol terbanyak karena kekerasan benda tajam yaitu 15 kasus (88,2%). Simpulan: Sebagian besar kasus kematian akibat terpapar alkohol berada dalam kelompok usia 26-35 tahun, semua berjenis kelamin laki-laki, dengan jenis penyebab kematian akibat kekerasan benda tajam.Kata kunci: alkohol, kasus kematian
Zayedene: Carbon sp chains in diamond nanocavities
Authors: Delodovici Francesco , Choi Daniel S , Al Fahim Mohamed , Burchfield Larry A , Manini Nicola
Published: July 2019

We propose a new class of carbon allotropes obtained by combining linear sp carbon chains with sp3 bulk carbon.The structure of these crystalline carbon allotropes consists of sp chains inserted in cylindrical cavities periodically arranged in hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite).We carry out a detailed computational analysis of the structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of a simple form in this class: a single C6 strand embedded in a nm-sized cavity.We obtain a metallic allotrope exhibiting characteristic high-frequency vibrations associated with the sp chains stretching modes, and characterized by long-time room-temperature stability.In addition, we suggest how numerous similar allotropes could be constructed within this class, that we call zayedene, all characterized by comparable metallicity and high-frequency vibrations.
Highly disparate bird assemblages in sugarcane and pastures: implications for bird conservation in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Alexandrino Eduardo R. , Buechley Evan R. , Forte Yuri A. , Cassiano Carla C. , Ferraz Katia M. P. M. B. , Ferraz Silvio F. B. , Couto Hilton T. Z. , Sekercioglu Cagan H.
Published: July 2019

Sugarcane and cattle pastures are two of the most widespread and economically important agricultural landscapes. However, in Brazil, they have not been properly investigated for their importance to native birds and wildlife conservation. Thus, we aim to characterize and compare bird assemblages of sugarcane and cattle pastures; and understand how landscape features within both habitats influence bird assemblages. We surveyed birds in both agricultural habitats over one year, and then investigated the relationship between species richness and composition with landscape diversity, matrix permeability, and the size and distribution of natural forests close to both habitats. We observed 132 species in cattle pastures and only 72 in sugarcane (48% bird community similarity). We further evaluated the richness and relative abundance of avian ecological groups, including habitat specialists and habitat generalists, insectivores, omnivores, granivores and frugivores. All avian groups were higher in pastures, the habitat where landscape heterogeneity and number of scattered trees was higher. Our results show that overall increasing landscape heterogeneity favors an assemblage with higher richness and composed by species with more diverse ecological functions. Therefore, we argue in favor of management practices that incorporate heterogeneity in agricultural landscapes, mainly in sugarcane fields where a homogeneous scheme has been used. Otherwise, the potential of agricultural landscapes for bird conservation will be highly hindered, particularly if the sugarcane sector expands to other agricultural lands.
L’anti-colbertisme n’est pas (toujours) un libéralisme : l’exemple de Quesnay
Authors: Cartelier Jean
Published: July 2019

On peut être tenté de chercher l’origine du libéralisme dans les réactions négatives aux politiques mercantilistes suivies jusqu’au XVII e  siècle. Quoique raisonnable, cette idée souffre des exceptions. Quesnay est l’une des plus notables. Sa pensée économique et sociale, quoique radicalement opposée à celle de Colbert, est loin d’annoncer le libéralisme. Elle repose sur un concept incompatible avec un quelconque libéralisme économique ou politique, à savoir le royaume agricole . Forgé en vue d’une refondation de la monarchie française, le concept de royaume agricole permet à Quesnay de relever un défi en théorie économique (comment est-il possible de distinguer deux sortes de richesse alors qu’elles sont homogénéisées par la monnaie) et de justifier une hiérarchie politique traditionnelle par des arguments nouveaux (si un régime républicain est bien adapté pour une république du commerce, un royaume agricole ne peut s’accommoder que d’une monarchie absolue dominée par les propriétaires fonciers). Les principaux traits du libéralisme d’aujourd’hui – dérégulation des flux financiers, flexibilité des salaires, etc. – ne se trouvent pas dans l’œuvre de Quesnay.
The private and public normative orderings of the modern firm: Industrial pluralism in a history of organizational thought perspective
Authors: Chassagnon Virgile , Haned Naciba
Published: July 2019

Le développement de la théorie de la firme s’est souvent affranchi d’une analyse de la nature légale et politique des entreprises si bien que la réflexion sur la nature des ordres normatifs est elle-même demeurée marginale. Par ordre normatif, nous entendons un standard de régulation des relations industrielles qui s’applique pour une période donnée à des entités réelles, ici aux firmes. Cet article contribue à la littérature sur le pluralisme industriel en proposant une analyse des évolutions institutionnelles et historiques des firmes et en mettant en exergue une forme d’intrication des ordres publics et privés dans les entreprises. JEL Classification: A12, D20, J50, L20