bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Major Adverse Kidney Events in Pediatric Sepsis
Authors: Weiss Scott L. , Balamuth Fran , Thurm Cary W. , Downes Kevin J. , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Laskin Benjamin L.
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives

Major adverse kidney events, a composite of death, new kidney replacement therapy, or persistent kidney dysfunction, is a potential patient-centered outcome for clinical trials in sepsis-associated kidney injury. We sought to determine the incidence of major adverse kidney events within 30 days and validate this end point in pediatric sepsis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a retrospective observational study using the Pediatric Health Information Systems Plus database of patients >6 months to <18 years old with a diagnosis of severe sepsis/septic shock; orders for bacterial blood culture, antibiotics, and at least one fluid bolus on hospital day 0/1; and known hospital disposition between January 2007 and December 2011. The primary outcome was incidence of major adverse kidney events within 30 days. Major adverse kidney events within 30 days were validated against all-cause mortality at hospital discharge, hospital length of stay, total hospital costs, hospital readmission within 30 days and 1 year, and lowest eGFR between 3 months and 1 year after discharge. We reported incidence of major adverse kidney events within 30 days with 95% confidence intervals using robust SEM and used multivariable logistic regression to test the association of major adverse kidney events within 30 days with hospital costs and mortality.

Results

Of 1685 admissions, incidence of major adverse kidney events within 30 days was 9.6% (95% confidence interval, 8.1% to 11.0%), including 4.5% (95% confidence interval, 3.5% to 5.4%) death, 1.7% (95% confidence interval, 1.1% to 2.3%) kidney replacement therapy, and 5.8% (95% confidence interval, 4.7% to 6.9%) persistent kidney dysfunction. Patients with versus without major adverse kidney events within 30 days had higher all-cause mortality at hospital discharge (28% versus 1%; P<0.001), higher total hospital costs ($61,188; interquartile range, $21,272–140,356 versus $28,107; interquartile range, $13,056–72,697; P<0.001), and higher proportion with eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 between 3 months and 1 year after discharge (19% versus 4%; P=0.001). Major adverse kidney events within 30 days was not associated with length of stay or readmissions.

Conclusions

In children with sepsis, major adverse kidney events within 30 days are common, feasible to measure, and a promising end point for future clinical trials.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_04_18_CJASNPodcast_19_05_.mp3
Valor y potencial de los museos y centros de ciencias
Authors: Nepote Ana Claudia
Published: April 2019

Esta contribución revisa críticamente el libro titulado “Los museos de ciencias. Universum, 25 años de experiencia” que editó la Dirección General de Divulgación de la Ciencia (DGDC) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México con motivo del aniversario del museo de ciencias Universum. La obra comprende ocho contribuciones generadas a raíz al Seminario de Investigación sobre Centros de Ciencia realizado en la Dirección Académica de la DGDC. El libro representa la suma de testimonios y reflexiones sobre la amplitud de posibilidades de investigación que convergen al interior de la casa de las musas.
ON THE LIMITS OF STATE AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TAX POLICY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT: THEORETICAL VIEWS OF A.I. VASILCHIKOV
Authors: Zharov Artem S
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of A.I. Vasilchikov's theoretical views on the political traditions of the Zemstvo self-government regarding the definition of the limits of state and local authority in matters of taxation of local self-government, formed on the basis of understanding the experience of the Russian Empire in the post-reform period in the second half of the 19th century and in foreign countries (England, Prussia, France, Switzerland, Belgium and the USA). The urgency of the analysis of the theoretical approach of the researcher is conditioned by the need to improve the local self-government sphere, in order to increase the efficiency of tax provision for municipalities. According to the results of the study, A.I. Vasilchikov formed a system of views on political traditions and the limits of state and local authorities in matters of the tax policy of local self-government. In particular the important conclusion of the researcher is that separation of state and Zemstvo (local management) should be a division not in the subjects of departments, but in the limits of power between the state and Zemstvo. This principle finds its confirmation in distribution of power between the supreme and local authorities. The first establishes the law and the tax, the second, in turn, applies and executes the established law through the functioning of local institutions. It should be noted that A.I. Vasilchikov's theoretical deductions do not lose their significance in the context of their adaptive application to the process of transformation local self-government of contemporary Russia, and could be useful in the process of improving the tax policy of local selfgovernment.
RUSSIAN NATIONAL-STATE IDENTITY: FACING CHALLENGES OF THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Belokonev Sergey Yu , Titov Viktor V , Usmanova Zaira R
Published: April 2019

The authors offer their definition of national-state identity: a macro-political construct that projects the image of “us” (an “imaginary community”) to various dimensions (value-based, temporal, spatial, and symbolic). This image is supported by state institutions as well as the political and cultural tradition of national sovereignty. In the article, special attention is paid to the four systemic challenges of the Russian national-state identity. The first challenge - internal political - stems from the costs and contradictions of the institutional organization of state identity policy in modern Russia. The second national identity challenge is due to information globalization and, as a result, a drastic change in the information and political landscape of Russian society. The third challenge is determined by weakness and vagueness of the collective image of the future in the political consciousness of Russian citizens. The fourth Russian identity challenge is geopolitical in nature and is associated with memory wars, which actively unfolded in the post-Soviet space in the 2000s-2010s. The authors conclude that an effective response to the Russian national-state identity challenges could be a complex state identity policy. This policy can be described as a long-term strategy for the formation of a conventional all-Russian identity “matrix” through building and promotion of a balanced, internally consistent image of “us” and a set of social and political views, attitudes and values associated with it.
Factors affecting price to earnings ratio (P/E): Evidence from the emerging market
Authors: Farah Freihat Abdel Razaq
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that have an impact on price to earnings (P/E) ratios in Jordanian industrial public shareholding companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange and to help investors determine their investment value by using P/E ratio. The study also aims to help stock issuers with pricing initial public offers using a more scientific model base.
In Jordan, only few studies have investigated the factors that affect the P/E ratio in the industrial sector. Therefore, this study contributes significantly to the limited literature on this topic in relation to developing countries. For this purpose, we used a quantitative approach to study data for the whole study population, which consists of sixty firms, during the period 2011–2016. Data on variables were collected over the 2011–2016 period from annual financial reports of industrial companies; market capitalization data were collected from the Amman Stock Exchange; and interest rate data were collected from the Central Bank of Jordan.
An empirical study was conducted using panel data regression analyses random effects model to examine the effects of dividend payout ratio, market capitalization (which is a proxy for firm size), leverage ratio, interest rate, and annual growth rate of companies’ net income (a proxy for growth rate) on P/E ratio.
This study found that there is a significant positive impact of dividend payout ratio and size on P/E ratio, whereas leverage, earnings growth, and interest rate have no impact on P/E ratio.
These results imply that an increase in dividends and large firm size is required to attract investors’ attention and increase their confidence about choosing such firms in their portfolios.
Influence of nickel addition and casting modulus on the properties of hypo-eutectic ductile cast iron
Authors: Colin-García E. , Cruz-Ramírez A. , Reyes-Castellanos G. , Romero-Serrano J.A. , Sánchez-Alvarado R.G. , Hernández-Chávez M.
Published: April 2019

The effect of the casting modulus on the distribution and features of graphite in hypo-eutectic ductile iron unalloyed and alloyed with nickel (0.88 wt %) was studied. The cooling rate of the casting plates of 25.4, 12.7 and 8.5 mm in thickness with a casting modulus of 6.87, 4.46 and 3.31 mm, respectively promotes several microstructural changes, such as cementite precipitation and a noticeable nodule count increment. The nickel addition suppressed the cementite formation and improved the nodule count and nodularity for the three casting modulus evaluated. The nickel addition increased the nodule count in 69, 67 and 128 % for the modulus of 3.31, 4.46 and 6.87 mm, respectively, regarding the unalloyed ductile iron. It was found that the biggest casting modulus produced the biggest nodules with the lowest nodule count for both ductile cast irons. Further to the improvements in the graphite features, the nickel addition allowed to keep almost constant the yield and tensile strength ratio for the different casting modulus.
Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculations of the Bi-Ni-Pb phase diagram
Authors: Minic D. , Premovic M. , Toskovic N. , Manasijevic D. , Cosovic V. , Janackovic M. , Tomovic M.
Published: April 2019

The article presents an experimental study of a phase diagram of a ternary Bi-Ni-Pb system using differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The investigated ternary alloys were selected from three vertical sections (x(Bi)=0.75, x(Ni)=0.1 and x(Pb)=0.9) and two isothermal sections at 100 and at 300?C. The obtained experimental results were compared with the thermodynamically extrapolated phase diagram of the Bi-Ni-Pb ternary system based on the thermodynamic parameters for the constitutive binary systems available in literature. Reasonably close agreement between the experimental data and the calculated phase diagram was obtained.
Recurrent epistaxis as manifestation of renal cell carcinoma sinonasal metastasis
Authors: Folic Miljan , Trivic Aleksandar , Pavlovic Bojan , Boricic Ivan , Milovanovic Jovica
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent infraclavicular primary tumor metastasizing in the sinonasal region, although these metastases are not common. We present an unusual case of recurrent epistaxis as the initial sign of renal carcinoma sinonasal metastasis and discuss the diagnostic and treatment options. Case outline. A 66-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent and severe epistaxis. The patient underwent nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma, with no signs of relapse during a three-year follow-up. Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography revealed a large mass in nasal cavity, spreading to the anterior and posterior ethmoid cells, sphenoid sinus, orbit, and anterior cranial fossa. Definite diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma metastasis in sinonasal region was made by a pathologist after biopsy and further radiological examination showed no signs of malignant disease in the abdomen, thorax, or pelvis. Although the patient had received 50 Gy of radiation therapy, the malignant disease was evaluated as progressive with further extension in anterior cranial fossa and maxilla, and the patient died five months after the occurrence of epistaxis. Conclusion. In patients with recurrent epistaxis who also had a history of renal carcinoma, endoscopic finding of tumefaction in the nasal cavity should raise a suspicion of sinonasal metastasis. In such cases, biopsy is mandatory to differentiate a metastasis from primary sinonasal tumors. Histological confirmation should be followed by radiological examination of the abdomen, thorax, and pelvis to evaluate the possibility of renal cell carcinoma recurrence or metastatic dissemination elsewhere.
Effects of mental fitness positive psychology program for improvement of adjustment to military life
Authors: Kim Minsoon , Kim Hyeonjin , Ko Younggun
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of Mental Fitness Positive Psychology; MFPP) program for improvement of adjustment to military life. In the present study, the Mental Fitness program (Kim & Ko, 2009) was adapted for the Korean Army. A total of 78 military soldiers were divided into two groups: the MFPP group (n=35) and control group (n=43). The results of the present study are as follows: relative to the comparison group, the MFPP group showed a significant decrease of military life stress and a significant improvement of adjustment to military life. These results suggest that, in spite of a short-term intervention consisting of 6 weekly sessions, the MFPP program adapted for military soldiers was effective in enhancing soldiers' adjustment to military life. Lastly, the implications of the present study and directions for future research were addressed.
Impact of goal-setting and feedback on negotiators performance in multilateral negotiation
Authors: Ro HeaKyung
Published: April 2019

Multilateral negotiation is a difficult task for the amicable settlement because of its structural complexity. Therefore, the strategy of problem solving which is commonly used in bilateral negotiation is not readily applicable. This study tries to find an integrative strategy in multilateral negotiations that brings all win-win benefts rather than competition or coaltion for some. To improve the efficiency of multilateral negotiation, the effects of Goal Setting and Feedback were tested. With the 3 studies it was found that amicalbe netotiation is really difficult if the interest structure is incompatible, higher Goal Setting bring rather negative negotiation results, and feedbacks, which lead to the flexible search to the alternative options, are very helpful for good results. We discussed the theoretical extension and the practical implications of these studies.
Religious Conflicts: Opportunity Structures, Group Dynamics, and Framing
Authors: Lindgren Tomas
Published: April 2019

Explanations of violent religious conflicts usually focus on preconditions, facilitator causes or precipitating events at micro, meso or macro levels of analysis. As social psychology is the scientific study of the ways in which thoughts, feelings, perceptions, motives, and behaviors are influenced by interactions and transactions between groups and individuals, it can increase our understanding of the dynamics of religious conflicts at micro and meso levels. In this paper, I illustrate this point with a discussion of the utility of social movement theory for understanding the dynamics of religious conflicts. Social movement theory locates religious conflicts within broader contexts and complex processes by focusing on the interplay between micro and meso factors and the ways in which people perceive macro factors. Given certain conditions, religion can and often do contribute to collective violence. Religion is rarely, if ever, the main cause of intergroup conflicts, but is often used as an instrument for the mobilization of human and non-human resources. Appeal to religion may help conflicting parties overcome the collective action problem associated with intergroup conflicts. This does not necessarily mean that religious conflicts have unique characteristics or a logic of their own that sets them apart from other types of intergroup conflicts.
Religious-Based Higher Education Institution and Human Resource Development: A Case Study of Universitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul Ulum Jombang (UNIBDU)
Authors: Maarif Samsul
Published: April 2019

The role of higher education is very crucial in developing human resource because it is a future investment which has great effect on the improvement of real sector. Higher education is proven to be an effective agent of social change. In human resource management, the role of higher education is embodied in community service program which is more known as “Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi” including acquisition, transmission and application. Human Resource management is basic administrative description or educational management based on a series of interrelated processes in guiding the behavior of individuals as the member of an organization in order to achieve its goals. The process can be identified as follows: planning, compensation, recruitment, selection, induction, appraisal, development, maintenance, performance, security, integration, and information.
The Involvement of Religious Leaders in Conflict Resolution within Tolaki People of Konawe District
Authors: Koodoh Erens Elvianus , Ahimsa Putra Heddy Shri , Setiadi Setiadi
Published: April 2019

This study aims to identify the various socio-cultural conditions of Tolaki people in Konawe that often engaging in inter-family conflict. The process of identifying the socio-cultural conditions leads to find the correlation between socio-cultural conditions and the types of inter-family conflicts and how they get resolved at the community level. Religious leaders are part of the efforts of solving the conflicts. In addition, this study is also aimed to determine and analyze the types of inter-family conflicts that exist and the processes for conflict resolution among families in the Tolaki in Konawe. The research data is based on two categories of informant; traditional leaders and ordinary informants that are public figures such as religious leaders, government officials within the scope of sub-district, village, and community members both at the level of individuals, families, and communities. The traditional leaders get involved in conflict resolution while public figures have experience on dealing with such conflicts and are sometime involved in a conflict. The work indicates that the conflicts in the Tolaki people take the form of closed and open conflicts. While the sources or the causes of the conflict come from tulura (speech), peowai (actions), and powaihako (behavior). The sources of the conflict then are manifested in the daily life of Tolaki people and become sisala'aineperapua (conflict in marriage), sisala'aine hapo-hapo (conflict by treasure), and conflict in social relations. Social and cultural conditions that often lead to inter-family conflicts are the difference in social strata, economic inequality, and religious differences. Tolaki People then settle their conflict through the expertise and charisma of religious and cultural leaders by the completion of melanggahako, mesokei, peohala, mombopoo'rai, sombalabu, and mosehe.
Social Media, Religion, Gender and Politics in Malaysia: A Case of the Social Media Usage by Sarawak Muslim Female Candidates in Batang Sadong and Batang Lupar in the 2018 Malaysian General Election
Authors: Isnin Nadrawina
Published: April 2019

The 14th Malaysian General Election (GE2018) had changed the political landscape in Malaysia.  For the very first time, the ruling party of Barisan Nasional failed to dominate the government in all states except that of Pahang, Perlis, and Sarawak.  This study is intended to discuss the scenario of GE2018 by focusing on the election results among female candidates in Sarawak. Ten female candidates participated in GE2018 as compared to a total of 78 candidates to grab 31 Parliamentary seats in Sarawak.  Meaning, merely 12.82 percentages of female candidates competed in GE2018.  Nevertheless, out of ten female election candidates competing, only five (4 PBB + 1 DAP) won which was 16.12 percentages of winning whilst a big portion of the percentages of 83.87 went to the winning male election candidates.  Interestingly, the usage of social media is frequently used by the candidates in GE2018.  Hence, this work focuses on the usage of social media among two female Muslim election candidates from a political party of Parti Bumiputera Bersatu Sarawak (PBB).  The findings reveal that the frequent usage of Facebook has positive and negative impacts on both female candidates. Even though both female candidates win the election but one has an increased in votes and majority votes whilst the other has a drastic decrease of votes and majority votes obtained.
The peculiarities of the development of sociology of medicine as the interdisciplinary scientific direction
Authors: Liadova Anna V.
Published: April 2019

The article examines the main trends in the development of sociology of medicine as a branch of sociology. As it is pointed out by the author, nowadays sociology of medicine is an actual scientific course about social aspects of health and illness, medicine as a social structure. All these items are important under the modern social development. Based on the analysis of the main stages in the history of sociology of medicine, the author notes the contribution of physicians to this process and practical meaning of early studies. The accumulation of empirical knowledge on health led to the theoretical comprehension, that was done by American sociologists, such as T. Parsons, E. Freidson, E. Goffman, H. Becker, R. Merton, and others. The author pays special attention to the study of T. Parsons “The Social System”, in which a structural and functional analysis of medicine as a social institution was presented. After it became obvious that the sociology of medicine can develop not only as an applied field of scientific research, but also a theoretical one. As A.V. Reshetnikov, W. Cockerheim, S. Bloom note, the process of institutionalization of the sociology of medicine ends in the second half of the 20th century in Europe and America, at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries in Russia. The main trends in studies around sociology of medicine are based on such theoretical approaches of sociology as symbolic interactionism, structural functionalism, social constructionism. In conclusion, the author underlines that, the sociology of medicine, like any field of scientific knowledge, reacts dynamically to the ongoing changes in social reality, its structure, social institutions. As a result of this influence, the research field of the sociology of medicine is expanding. Among the topical issues are social inequality in health, the features of the development of digital health, new practices in health, transformation of the value of health in the post-industrial society, pharmaceticisation, biomedicalization, etc.
New features of social inequality: Edward Soya’s concept of postmodernist urbanization
Authors: Vershinina Inna A.
Published: April 2019

The article examines the concept of urbanization of the American researcher Edward Soja, who notes the transition from metropolis to postmetropolis, thereby fixing the emergence of postmodern urban entities. He argues the need to develop a new urban research methodology, since the models of the Chicago school are outdated. They describe monocentric cities, and in the modern world we are dealing with polycentric agglomerations. Soya demonstrates that the social problems of cities are beginning to spread to the suburbs, which are no longer prosperous areas. The main reasons for the new stage of urbanization are highlighted: globalization, economic restructuring and the development of information and communication technologies. Six modern discourses related to the design and functioning of the post-metropolis are analyzed in detail. The main problems of postmetropolis are considered: inequality, social injustice, uneven distribution of social benefits, exclusion, rising crime, environmental degradation, etc. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of suburbs, which leads to a change in spatial inequality and the emergence of new forms of it.
Institutes of inequality in modern society
Authors: Viktorov Alexander Sh.
Published: April 2019

The ambiguous process of global changes associated with the growing instability of modern society, the aggravation of the social tension in the world between developed and developing countries, the opposition of the well-being of the chosen minority to disadvantage and poverty of the majority, has highlighted the imperfection of existing institutions and the need to move to a new model of the social world order. On the basis of institutional analysis, the article reveals the inefficiency of the functioning of public institutions, which leads to the reproduction of unstable structural social interactions and the opposition of various societies, groups, individuals. The problem of transforming existing institutions into institutions of inequality turns into a system (structure-forming) and becomes relevant both in fundamental theoretical development and in its practical solution in ensuring the development and enhancement of the vitality of modern society.As a result of the research it was shown that the systemic crisis of modern capitalist society is, first of all, an institutional crisis related to the imperfection and inefficiency of the functioning of its key institutions (family, property and state). They essentially stopped (or cease) in various ways to promote social development and began to turn into institutions of inequality at different levels of the social system and encompass its various structural elements: at the level of the institution of the family it is associated with the beginning of the deformation of the institutional matrix of the relationship between a man and a woman (gender balance between role positions); at the level of the institution of property, it is predetermined by the concentration of power and the distribution of resources in the hands of pseudoelites; at the state level, it is due to the fact that it is being transformed into a supranational corporation, which, depending on the nature of its legitimacy (or illegitimacy), reproduces certain permissible (or unacceptable) limits of social inequality.
Sociology of culture in Russian textbooks
Authors: Popov Evgenij А. , Nagajzev Victor V. , Sterlyadeva Natalia A. , Schrajber Angelina N.
Published: April 2019

A textbook on the sociology of culture is seen as a way of systematization of knowledge in this branch of sociology and as a didactic mechanism for student learning. The role of such a textbook is analyzed at three levels: 1) the existence of the concept of the textbook that meets the characteristics of the scientific status of sociology of culture; 2) the severity of the problem approach, correlated with the capabilities of the sociology of culture compared to other disciplines and scientific fields studying culture and its various types and forms; 3) the priority of the theoretical or applied aspects of the sociological study of culture. A chronological perspective on the main subject of the article allows to judge about the specifics of the development of sociology of culture as a branch of science, which is reflected in textbooks and teaching materials. On the other hand, this vector points to the potential of each individual tutorial to develop sociological knowledge about the culture. Taken together, these circumstances point to the problematic aspects of conceptualising how the field of sociology and the possibility of teaching this discipline at the University.The article focuses on the understanding of the role of the textbook in the didactic plan, but in the sociology of culture the textbook is considered not only as a way to teach the student, but also as a factor of enriching the field of sociology with new approaches and new knowledge in general. Thus, a textbook on the sociology of culture can be given the status of a scientific publication. Often the textbook at the same time performs a heuristic function, which allows you to realize a rather controversial potential of sectoral sociology more productively among students.
A method for the assessment of public participation in urban development
Authors: Stelzle Benjamin , Noennig Jörg Rainer
Published: April 2019

A comprehensive piece of research on the tools and methods available for public participation in urban development was carried out as part of the U_CODE Urban Collective Design Environment H2020-ICT Project, the results of which are presented in this paper. Approximately 70 methods and a range of participation goals were identified by investigating the publications of 20 cities and participation networks in Germany plus a number of online participation platforms. In the descriptions a general distinction was made between the level of involvement and the objective of participation. For most of the goals on informational or cooperation level, several (especially offline) tools were found to be available. For more ambitious objectives, e.g. massive co-design, no appropriate tools are currently market-ready, yet several research and development projects are targeting the development and testing of such means. The strong development of more complex methods and tools can be expected within the next few years. Often these instruments are designed in cooperation with urban authorities, however their broad application in German municipalities may take a couple of years yet.
Determinan Stres Kerja Pada Penjaga Palang Pintu Rel Kereta Api Resmi Resort 9.6 Daerah Operasi IX Di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Prasetya Dhanny Indra , Ma’rufi Isa , Indrayani Reny
Published: April 2019

Abstract             Transportation sector development is one of the sub sectors that is important to support economic development. Poor transportation sector will develop human activities. One type of transportation is a train that has a special line and avoid congestion, Sometimes the train also cut off the highway, so the railway door is made to function to secure the train journey and guarded the door keepers. The problem in the concern at PT KAI is human error, One example of human error is a door keepers undisciplined in closing the railway door gates. One of the danger areas is Jember Regency which is located in DAOP IX, it is because Jember Regency had the most railway door in DAOP IX and has many crossings in the settlement area. The results of observations before the study found some workers who show symptoms of work stress. Jember regency had 12 official railway door and there are 47 door keepers who are all male. The door keepers are mostly 25-40 years old, have a working period of 1-5 years, have married marriage status, and have children <3, have wage / salary Rp.1.500.000-Rp.3.500.000, almost half of the respondents experienced fatigue and severe stress. The results of the study found there is a relationship between age, employment, marital status, wages / salary with work stress, but fatigue and wages/salary are not related to work stress.Keywords: Work Stress, Human error, Door keepers.
Psoriatic onychodystrophy: clinical manifestations (part 1)
Authors: Platonova A. V. , Zhukov A. S. , Khairutdinov V. R. , Samtsov A. V.
Published: April 2019

Psoriatic onychodystrophy is quite common in patients with psoriasis. Changes in psoriatic nails have a wide range of clinical manifestations, including symptoms of damage of the nail bed and/or nail matrix. The article presents information about clinical and pathological manifestations of psoriatic onychodystrophy, the mechanisms of formation of pathological changes. The existence of the relationship between the change of nail plates in patients with psoriasis and the development of psoriatic arthritis is explained, the prognostic value of individual symptoms is analyzed. The diagnostic criteria for the histological diagnosis of psoriatic onychodystrophy are described. The information about the occurrence of each symptom in patients with psoriasis with dystrophic nail changes is given.
REVO: Resampling of Ensembles by Variation Optimization
Authors: Donyapour Nazanin , Roussey Nicole , Dickson Alex
Published: April 2019

Conventional molecular dynamics simulations are incapable of sampling many important interactions in biomolecular systems due to their high dimensionality and rough energy landscapes. To observe rare events and calculate transition rates in these systems, enhanced sampling is a necessity. In particular, the study of ligand-protein interactions necessitates a diverse ensemble of protein conformations and transition states, and for many systems this occurs on prohibitively long timescales. Previous strategies such as WExplore that can be used to determine these types of ensembles are hindered by problems related to the regioning of conformational space. Here we propose a novel, regionless, enhanced sampling method that is based on the weighted ensemble framework. In this method, a value referred to as “trajectory variation” is optimized after each cycle through cloning and merging operations. This method allows for a more consistent measurement of observables and broader sampling resulting in the efficient exploration of previously unexplored conformations. We demonstrate the performance of this algorithm with the N-dimensional random walk and the unbinding of the trypsin-benzamidine system. The system is analyzed using conformation space networks, the residence time of benzamidine is confirmed, and a new unbinding pathway for the trypsin-benzamidine system is found. We expect that REVO will be a useful general tool to broadly explore free energy landscapes.
Compliance with Amended General Chapter USP<741>Melting Range or Temperature
Authors: Giani Samuele , Towers Naomi M.
Published: April 2019

Laboratories measuring melting temperature according to USP<741> Melting Range or Temperature, must comply with the amended calibration and adjustment requirements described in this regulation. Compliance is ensured by adjusting the instrument with secondary reference standards, traceable to USP, followed by verification of accuracy using USP primary reference standards.
Building Ferroelectric from the Bottom Up: The Machine Learning Analysis of the Atomic-Scale Ferroelectric Distortions
Authors: Ziatdinov Maxim , Nelson Christopher , Vasudevan Rama , Chen Deyang , Kalinin Sergei
Published: April 2019

Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) have enabled direct visualization of the atomic structure of ferroic materials, enabling the determination of atomic column positions with ~pm precision. This, in turn, enabled direct mapping of ferroelectric and ferroelastic order parameter fields via the top-down approach, where the atomic coordinates are directly mapped on the mesoscopic order parameters. Here, we explore the alternative bottom-up approach, where the atomic coordinates derived from the STEM image are used to explore the extant atomic displacement patterns in the material and build the collection of the building blocks for the distorted lattice. This approach is illustrated for the La-doped BiFeO3 system.The full analysis procedure is available as an interactive paper in a form of a Google Colab (Jupyter) notebook where a classical paper organization is augmented with code cells that appear hidden by default (when viewed in Google Colab). This should allow a reader to retrace the analysis and, more importantly, it enables the readers to use the same codes for their data. The same paper is also available in a standard pdf format (without code).
A New Phase of the Na+ Ion Conductor Na3PS4
Authors: Famprikis Theodosios , Dawson James , Fauth François , Suard Emmanuelle , Fleutot Benoit , Courty Matthieu , Chotard Jean-Nöel , Islam Saiful , Masquelier Christian
Published: April 2019

Solid electrolytes are crucial for next‑generation solid‑state batteries and Na3PS4 is one of the most promising Na+ conductors for such applications. At present, two phases of Na3PS4 have been identified and it had been thought to melt above 500 °C. In contrast, we show that it remains solid above this temperature and transforms into a third polymorph, γ, exhibiting superionic behavior. We propose an orthorhombic crystal structure for γ‑Na3PS4 based on scattering density analysis of diffraction data and density functional theory calculations. We show that the Na+ superionic behavior is associated with rotational motion of the thiophosphate polyanions pointing to a rotor phase, based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and supported by high‑temperature synchrotron and neutron diffraction, thermal analysis and impedance spectroscopy. These findings are of importance for the development of new polyanion‑based solid electrolytes.
High-Affinity Alkynyl Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT)
Authors: Policarpo Rocco , Decultot Ludovic , May Elizabeth , Kuzmič Petr , Carlson Samuel , Huang Danny , Chu Vincent , Wright Brandon , Dhakshinamoorthy Saravanakumar , Kannt Aimo , Rani Shilpa , Dittakavi Sreekanth , Panarese Joseph , Gaudet Rachelle , Shair Matthew
Published: April 2019

In this work, structure-based rational design led to the development of potent and selective alkynyl bisubstrate inhibitors of NNMT. The reported nicotinamide-SAM conjugate (named NS1) features an alkyne as a key design element that closely mimics the linear, 180° transition state geometry found in the NNMT-catalyzed SAM → NAM (nicotinamide) methyl transfer reaction. NS1 was synthesized as a single enantiomer and diastereomer in 14 steps and found to be a high-affinity, subnanomolar NNMT inhibitor. An X-ray co-crystal structure and structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed the unique ability of an alkynyl linker to span the methyl transfer tunnel of NNMT with ideal shape complementarity. The compounds reported in this work represent the most potent and selective NNMT inhibitors reported to date. The rational design principle described herein could potentially be extended to other methyltransferase enzymes.
Hiperbilirubinemi ile Takip Edilen Bebeklerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SANER ÖZTÜRK Hülya
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmada amaç yenidoğan ünitesine indirekt
hiperbilirubinemi tanısıyla yatırılan term bebeklerin klinik ve demografik
özellikleri, indirekt hiperbilirubinemi nedenleri ve total bilirubin
düzeylerine etki eden risk faktörlerinin araştırılması ve bölgemiz açısından
tekrar gözden geçirilmesidir. Çalışmamızda Ocak 2010-Ocak 2012 tarihleri
arasında hiperbilirubinemi ön tanısıyla servisimize yatırılan 447 yenidoğan
incelenmiştir. Hastaların takip ve tedavisi Amerikan Pediatri Akademisi' nin
(APA) tanı ve tedavi önerilerine göre yapılmıştır. Çalışma retrospektif olarak
yapılmıştır. Bebekler demografik olarak incelendiğinde yenidoğan ünitesine
hiperbilirubinemi nedeniyle yatan bebeklerin %41,8 i ailenin yaşayan ilk
bebeğidir. Hiperbilirubinemi ile birlikte hipernatremi görülme oranı %26,2,
patolojik tartı kaybı ise %28,9 oranında görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda ele alınan
bebeklerin %55,7 si (249) erkek, %44,3 ü (198) kızdır. Erkek /kız oranı 1,25
bulunmuştur. Yenidoğan ünitesine yatan bebeklerin %58,2 si normal spontan doğum
(NSD) ile dünyaya gelmiştir. Etiyolojik faktör olarak en sık nedeni bilinemeyen
fizyolojik sarılık %36 (n:159) görülürken; hemolitik sarılık %30,8 (n:136) ,
polisitemi %13 (n:58), geç anne sütü sarılığı %8,3 (n:37), üriner sistem
enfeksiyonu %6,3 (n:28), hipotiroidi %5,8 (n:26), diabetik anne bebeği % 4,3
(n:19), sepsis %3,8 (n:17), sefal hematom %2,9 (n:13), caput succadeneum %2,2
(n:10), glukoz 6-fosfat dehidrojenaz (G6PD) eksikliği %2 (n:9) oranında
görülmüştür. Bebeklerin % 99,8’ine (n:440) fototerapi uygulanırken, kan
değişimi tedavisi uygulanan bebek oranı %1,6 (n:7) bulunmuştur. Fototerapi
süresi 1 gün ile 15 gün arasında değişmekte olup ortalama fototerapi süresi 2,18±1,37
gündür. Bebeklerin taburculuk süreleri 1 gün ile 20 gün arasında değişmekte
olup ortalaması 4,12±2,97 gündür. Sarılık yenidoğan döneminde görülen sık ve
önemli sorunlardan birisidir. Bebeklerin 
çoğunluğunda selim bir seyir görülürken küçük bir bölümünde hiperbilirubinemi
yüksek düzeylere çıkmakta ve nörotoksik etkiler ortaya çıkabilmektedir.
A Scenario-Based Virtual Patient Program To İmprove Adherence To Guidelines for Diabetic Foot İnfection and Complicated İntra-Abdominal İnfection among Physicians
Authors: KARABAY Oguz , GURLEK Mehmet
Published: April 2019

In the study it was aimed to evaluate diagnostic and practice patterns of
physicians who participated for scenario-based virtual patient programs on
complicated intra-abdominal infection (IAI) and diabetic foot infection (DFI). This study was
conducted with 252 physicians who participated on a voluntary basis in two
scenario-based virtual patient programs relating to complicated IAI (n=210) and
DFI (n=42) which provide data on stepwise evaluation of patient (patient
characteristics, disease characteristics, physical examination, laboratory and
radiological findings) as requested by the physician and were developed using
computer graphics technology. For IAI Case Scenario, the diagnosis was confirmed by 75.0% of physicians, while   surgical intervention with ceftriaxone +
metronidazole (37.6%) or with ertapenem (34.1%) was the most commonly selected
treatment modalities. For DFI Case Scenario, the diagnosis was confirmed by
98.0% of physicians, and 71.0% of physicians considered initiation of
antibiotic treatment and mostly with ertapenem (55.0%). In conclusion, our findings revealed that use of “scenario-based”
virtual patient programs provided rapid and up-to-date feedback and
self-monitoring of learning outcomes to improve clinical reasoning skills of
physicians on IAI and DFI. Accordingly, our findings indicate practice pattern
of physicians for complicated IAI should be improved in terms of more
appropriate selection of empirical antibiotherapy, while diagnostic and
practice patterns for DFI should also be improved in terms of more careful
assessment of risk factors for infection and appropriate selection of empirical
antibiotherapy.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Koneksi Matematik Siswa SMP dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Metaphorical Thinking Berbantuan Software Geogebra
Authors: Bernard Martin , Senjayawati Eka
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena masih rendahnya kemampuan koneksi matematik siswa, dengan tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menelaah pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan koneksi siswa SMP melalui pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan metaphorical thinking berbantuan software Geogebra. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan dua kelompok yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, desain penelitian berupa pretest, postest, dan uji gain ternormalisasi. Instrumen tes penelitian terdiri dari 5 soal tes kemampuan koneksi matematik berbentuk uraian. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMP di Kabupaten Bandung Barat, sedangkan sampelnya adalah SMP Krida Utama Padalarang. Sampel kelas VIII diambil secara acak kelas dari 12 kelas, diperoleh kelas VIII D sebagai kelas ekperimen, dan kelas VIII C sebagai kelas kontrol. Kelas Eksperimen memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan metaphorical thinking berbantuan software Geogebra, dan kelas kontrol memperoleh pembelajaran biasa. Data hasil penelitian diperoleh dari hasil pretes, postes , dan uji gain ternormalisasi, yang diolah melalui uji uji normalitas, dan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematik antasa siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan methaporical thinking berbantuan software Geogebra lebih baik dengan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran biasa. Kata Kunci : Pendekatan Metaphorical Thinking, Koneksi Matematik, Software Geogebra   AbstractThis research is motivated because of the low mathematical connection ability of students, with the aim of the study is to examine and improve the access speed of junior high school students through learning using the Geogebra software-assisted metaphor thinking approach. The method in this study is the experimental method with two groups, namely the experimental class and the control class, the research design in the form of pretest, posttest, and normalized gain test. The research test instrument consists of 5 test questions on the ability of mathematical connections to form a description. The population of this study were all junior high school students in West Bandung Regency, while the sample was Krida Utama Padalarang Middle School. The sample of class VIII was obtained directly from the second grade class, grade VIII was obtained as the experimental class, and class VIII C was the control class. Classroom Experiment learning with a metaphorical thinking approach aided by Geogebra software, and ordinary learning control classes. The research data was obtained from the results of pretest, posttest, and normalized gain test, which were processed through the normality test, and Mann-Whitney test. The results of the study showed that connecting and connecting students and students who used the Geogebra software-assisted method of metabolic thinking was better with students who read ordinary learning.
A global review of pollination syndromes: A response to Ollerton et al. 2015
Authors: Aguilar Ramiro , Martén-Rodriguez Silvana , Avila-Sakar Germán , Ashworth Lorena , Lopeazaraiza-Mikel Martha , Quesada Mauricio
Published: April 2019

In a recent literature review, we demonstrated that the evolution of floral traits is driven by adaptation to the most effective pollinators. In a critique of this study, Ollerton et al. 2015 claimed there were apparent flaws with data collection, analyses and interpretation of results. We disagree since many of OLT´s observations and recommendations are subjective and overlook basic aspects of meta-analysis. Here, we address the main criticisms of Ollerton et al 2015.
Detection of colistin resistance mcr-1 gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen isolated from mussels, Spain, 2012­ to 2016
Authors: Lozano-Leon Antonio , Garcia-Omil Carlos , Dalama Jacobo , Rodriguez-Souto Rafael , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime , Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol
Published: April 2019

Nineteen Salmonella strains were isolated from 5,907 randomly selected mussel samples during a monitoring programme for the presence of Salmonella in shellfish in Galicia, north-west Spain (2012–16). Serovars, sequence type and antimicrobial resistance genes were determined through genome sequencing. Presence of the mcr-1 gene in one strain belonging to serovar Rissen and ST-469 was identified. The mcr-1 gene had not been isolated previously in environmental Salmonella isolated from mussels in Spain.