bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orthodox Christians and the Rights Revolution in America
Authors: Roeber A. G.
Published: October 2024

From the rise of the civil rights movement in the 1950s to the ongoing “culture wars” of present-day North America, commentators have produced explanations and identified the partisans bent on pursing different “rights” claims. To date, however, when the issue of a religious identity surfaces in debates over rights, no book examines how Orthodox Christians in North America have navigated the “rights revolution.” From the first disagreements over the “rights” of the First Peoples of Alaska to the contemporary arguments about the rights of transgender persons, Orthodox Christians have engaged an Anglo-American legal and constitutional rights tradition while simultaneously seeing rights claims through the lens of on an ancient, inherited focus on the dignity of the human person. That focus has allowed them to endorse certain understandings of “human rights.” Faced with a pluralistic society and culture, Orthodox Christians, both converts and those with family roots in traditionally Orthodox countries, share with their non-Orthodox fellow citizens the challenge of reconciling conflicting rights claims. Those claims do at times pit “religious liberty” rights claims against perceived dangers from outside the Orthodox Church. But internal disagreements about the rights of clergy and people within the Church accompany the Orthodox Christian engagement with debates over gender, sex, and marriage as well as the expanding nature of political, legal, and human rights claims. These Orthodox grapplings with “rights” do not remain confined to North America. Despite their relatively small numbers, North American Orthodox remain highly visible among the more than 280 million Orthodox worldwide.
The Orthodox, Sex, and Marriage before the Rights Revolution
Authors: Roeber A. G.
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines the Orthodox teaching and experiences on marriage among both immigrant and First Peoples prior to the rights revolution. The chapter does so by examining the history of the women’s rights movement up to the 1960s. It also traces the movement for the resumption of ordaining women to the role of deaconess, and the expanding role of women in the American Orthodox Church. The accommodation by American courts to issues surrounding internal teachings on issues such as marriage, initially underscored by the claims of privacy rights found in the American Constitution, began to be challenged by those raising the question of dignitary rights possibly being violated by traditional notions of marriage and sexuality.
Shelley’s Immaturity
Authors: Rovee Christopher
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the extraordinary hostility toward Percy Shelley’s poetry on the part of New Critics in the mid-twentieth century. Entrenched within the academy and adored outside of it, Shelley had been the object of professional scrutiny and of pre-professional affection, of mature examination and of premature appreciation. This chapter argues that the overdetermined aggression against him was part of an effort to distinguish disciplinary reading from non-disciplinary reading. After looking at some of the early, “adolescent” responses to Shelley on the part of mature professionals like T. S. Eliot and Frederick Pottle, the chapter turns to how Shelley was taught. This centers on literary studies’ signature scene of interpretation: the notorious critique of Shelley’s poem “The Indian Serenade” in Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren’s anthology Understanding Poetry (1938), where questions of maturity and development (the poet’s, his readers’, and the discipline’s as a whole) are all wound up in the reading of Shelley.
The Case of Byron
Authors: Rovee Christopher
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes the mid-twentieth-century reaction to Byron’s poetry as defined by polarization and indifference. The case of Byron overturns the usual understanding of literary study in the 1940s and 1950s as an age of New Critical consensus. Despite the neglect by formalist critics, Byron continued to be widely and enthusiastically taught in American classrooms between the 1930s and 1950s, and he was also consistently treated in some of the field’s leading periodicals, especially those with a historical-philological or history-of-ideas slant. This chapter pursues the complexity of this disciplinary moment via Byron’s reception: first by examining the political and historical criticism by major scholars (such as David Erdman) that thrived in these decades of formalist neglect of Byron, and then through a pair of archival case studies--one on Byron’s odd exclusion from the criticism of M. H. Abrams, and the other on Byron’s surprising appeal to the New Critic William Kurtz Wimsatt. In both cases, Byron provokes unexpected fits of critical nostalgia.
Captive Memories: Internment North and South
Authors: McKay Daniel
Published: October 2024

On what terms can the war veteran and the former internee speak with one another? In the realm of literary fiction, each figure has tended to occupy a canon of writing that shores up distinctive political postures. This chapter recalls the 1995 production of Vincent O’Sullivan’s play Shuriken (1985) to illustrate the dangers of foreclosing sympathetic conversations between veterans and former captives. It then offers the first historical account of the internment of Japanese civilians /minorities in wartime New Zealand, before examining David Guterson’s novel Snow Falling on Cedars (1994) in its representation of two forms of silence: that of the former internee and that of the combat veteran. Silence as a literary trope and as a signifier of trauma is also present in Wendy Catran’s young adult novel The Swap (2004). The chapter argues that Catran’s novel is especially important for its recognition of the spatial geographies of internment and Allied imprisonment.
Scientists and Hibakusha: Project Novels
Authors: McKay Daniel
Published: October 2024

Are literary depictions of the Manhattan Project morally obligated to disclose the use to which the Bomb was put? This chapter places a number of texts in conversation, revealing that this question is being addressed more often than it was during the Cold War years. For most of the genre’s history, Project novels have framed the atomic scientist as a hero, martyr, or an obsessive. The emergence of the atomic bomb survivor (“hibakusha”) as a contending focal point has complicated these depictions (a development which may have been aided by the fact that recent writings of acknowledged quality have come from non-American authors). This chapter goes on to examine the recurrence of the hibakusha figure as a foil, of sorts, to the atomic scientist’s sense of moral righteousness. Canadian author Dennis Bock’s novel The Ash Garden (2001) and New Zealand author James George’s novel Ocean Roads (2006) are both structured in this fashion, though it remains a troubling fact that in no work of Anglophone fiction writing does a fully developed male hibakusha figure emerge.
Mommy Needs a Cocktail
Authors: Marshall Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2024

While popular media decry wine moms as a new and dangerous epidemic, alcohol and other mind-altering substances have long been a hallmark of white femininity. “Mommy Needs a Cocktail” traces the history of the use of idealized white childhood innocence to sell alcohol as an antidote for the misery of motherhood in products like Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup, Duffy Malt Whiskey, and Mrs. Lydia Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound. In the contemporary moment, intoxication—real or performed—sanctions an outpouring of maternal animosity through defacing and repurposing cute children’s commodities for laughs in visual culture, such as Lisa Brown’s parodic Baby Mix Me a Drink or recipe cards adorned with cute toys created for Nickelodeon’s nighttime program, NickMom. Alcohol-infused mom humor is double-edged as it delights in the violence of child’s play even as it infantilizes women through association with the diminutive accouterments of childhood.
“All Women Are Witches”
Authors: Rogozinski Jacob , Razavi Sephr , Ginzburg Carlo
Published: October 2024

As the witch hunt is carried by a persecution apparatus, it is necessary to analyze the specific characteristics of such an apparatus, but also the strategies that allow resistance to it. In order to understand what leads subjects to adhere to such apparatuses, we need to identify the schemes that enable them to mobilize the affects of the multitudes, in particular that of conspiracy; then we need to analyze the mutation of the scheme that accompanies the end of the witch hunt and henceforth inserts them into an apparatus of the medical type.
The World Upside Down
Authors: Rogozinski Jacob , Razavi Sephr , Ginzburg Carlo
Published: October 2024

The representation of the witches’ sabbath as an “upside down world” can be compared to celebrations such as Carnival, but also to the anguished representation of popular rebellions by the dominant classes. The witch hunt appears then as a counterattack of the ruling elite seeking to respond to this threat. This allows us to sketch a phenomenology of the rebellious multitudes, of their irruption into history, of the affects that animate them, and of the messianic horizon of emancipation that they carry.
A Stranger among Us
Authors: Rogozinski Jacob , Razavi Sephr , Ginzburg Carlo
Published: October 2024

Despite their differences, the Terror of 1793–94 shared several features with the witch hunt. Here too, it is a persecution apparatus that brings into play certain schemes, such as that of the conspiracy, in order to capture the affects of the multitudes and to mobilize them against the absolute enemies that are the queen, then the king, the aristocrats, and all those designated as “suspects.” The Terror is indeed part of a phase of disincorporation of the political body provoked by the Revolution: it tries to reincorporate it by violence without succeeding. This raises the question of a political foundation of democracy that would not necessarily pass through a phase of Terror.
Conclusion
Authors: Rogozinski Jacob , Razavi Sephr , Ginzburg Carlo
Published: October 2024

In conclusion, we might ask how hatred could be overcome. In particular, we examine the conditions for preventing the emergence of persecutory apparatuses. Since hatred is based on a primordial illusion, only truth could liberate us from it.
“Faces of flint”
Authors: Wilson Keith P.
Published: October 2024

Chapter 6 begins with the family receiving news of the Fort Pillow massacre. They fretted over Benjamin’s fate, and Orrin condemned the government for failing to protect Black prisoners. Daniel’s campaign against Forrest began after his regiment left its base in Memphis. Camped in swampland, he viewed the hostile environment as a natural ally of the rebels. His initial fears about the rawness of his troops were alleviated by their bravery at the battle of Tupelo. While he admired the way they used laughter as a coping mechanism when under fire, he condemned them for shamming illness. He attributed the high rates of death and disease in his regiment to the army’s rotten tents and the soldiers’ lack of fortitude. On the frontline, Daniel also learned to value the intelligence provided by runaway slaves. But his confidence in African Americans was undermined by the letters he received from his father, who described the freemen as a docile people who lacked a fighting spirit. Daniel took this advice seriously; his father was a harsh critic, who once even accused Daniel of straggling. Still, Orrin remained indebted to Daniel for sending Mary, a refugee from slavery, to work in the family’s kitchen.
“The curse of slavery”
Authors: Wilson Keith P.
Published: October 2024

Chapter 13 describes Daniel’s role in Alabama after the war. It begins with him describing how the enticingly beautiful plantation landscape had been marred by slavery. On one plantation he visited, he discovered the graves of a recently murdered slave family. Daniel condemned the planter class for these and similar crimes by describing how slavery had made them physically degenerate and by employing ethnic stereotypes to condemn their character. His attitude to the rebel soldiers was far more positive because he believed they had been purified by the fire of war and now despised their former leaders. Daniel was keen to leave the peacetime army because he was distressed by the way it was being reorganized. Benjamin shared his concerns and together they planned their exit strategies. Daniel’s desire to exit increased immeasurably when he received news that his mother was about to dismiss Mary. He had placed Mary in the household to aid his frail mother by giving her “a stronger pair of hands.” Because he had labored so long to secure Mary’s service, he viewed the prospect of her dismissal as a potentially ungrateful act which would challenge his standing in the family.
“They’ve got money, let them buy their own biscuit”
Authors: Wilson Keith P.
Published: October 2024

Chapter 14 discusses Daniel, Mary, and Benjamin exiting their service and returning home. Mary left the Densmore home of her own will and in good standing. The Densmores valued her service and regretted her departure. After she departed, the family had to employ two white workers to replace her. Illness caused Daniel to leave the military. When he returned home, he severed his long-standing friendship with Colonel Jones over a disputed promotion in his regiment. The immediate post-war period was a time of celebration and reunion, but sometimes old grievances surfaced. In Red Wing, community rivalries appeared and ethnic divisions developed. Since neither Daniel nor Benjamin had a local constituency to reward them for their service in the nationally organized USCT, they found some reflected honor by associating themselves with the celebrations of their old Minnesota regiments. Benjamin spent the last stages of his long military service planning a project to educate the men in his company. However, he was unable to implement his plan because he was repeatedly separated from his company and sent on detached duty.
Postscript
Authors: Mor Liron
Published: October 2024

A brief postscript contends with the tension between this book’s focus on conflict and the disavowal of conflictuality by societies of nihul (management, administration), and especially by the “conflict management” practices so central to Israeli politics. The tension is reconciled by demonstrating that “conflict management” is not at all opposed to juridico-political conflict; it is, rather, its sinister modulation. Using the benevolent and impartial facade of bureaucracy, surveillance, automation, and algorithmic calculations to conceal colonization, which still operates in a zero-sum logic and is detrimental only to one side, nihul not only minimizes its human, economic, and political costs but also circumvents interiority and seemingly eliminates sovereign judgment, thus allowing colonization to continue unhindered while diminishing both liability and engagement. The postscript also explains why existing political terms and paradigms are insufficient for fully comprehending Palestine-Israel, reflecting on the book’s methodology of drawing new, metaphorical concepts out of local literatures and considering both the possible limitations and constructive forms of conceptual comparisons.
The Benevolent Gift
Authors: Paustian Megan Cole
Published: October 2024

Organized around the concept of the benevolent gift, the fourth chapter asks: How does literature represent the relationship between the idea of international community and actual systems of material distribution? First, a reading of Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions reveals how the humanitarian gift structure emerged at the Christian mission station as African people coped with the material erosion wrought by colonization. Bringing together novels of Nuruddin Farah and Philip Caputo, Gifts and Acts of Faith, the chapter then grapples with the insufficient and often destructive ways in which humanitarian aid has addressed and represented the problems of poverty and hunger, teasing out the knotty relationships between giving and receiving, dependency and self-sufficiency, domination and emancipation. In response to the dramatic shortcomings of existing humanitarianism, these novelists reimagine the gift relationship and freshly theorize inequity and resource redistribution, emphasizing the agency of African people in the recipient position.
Epilogue
Authors: Paustian Megan Cole
Published: October 2024

A brief epilogue, “Rearticulating the Humanitarian Atlantic,” aims to synthesize the alternative building blocks of humanitarian storytelling that the preceding chapters have offered. It returns to the framing concepts for each chapter—morality, emancipation, humanism, giving, and nongovernmental aid—to assemble third sector literature’s collective lexicon of humanitarian ethics. The book’s introduction laid out the key elements of the white savior narrative based on Jean-François Lyotard’s definition of grand narrative, including “its great hero, its great dangers, its great voyages, its great goal”; the epilogue revisits and expands on those elements to show how the novels studied throughout the book have transformed them. In sum, these novels demystify and reinvent the vocabulary of global care to suggest that the humanitarian Atlantic can be crossed in more ethical, more effective ways that are attentive to the politics of empire and the inhumane history of transatlantic crossings.
Catastrophic Historicism
Authors: Mendoza-de Jesús Ronald
Published: October 2024

Catastrophic Historicism transforms the ongoing theoretical debate about historicism by arguing that the common definition of historicism as a realism is reductive and misleading. Engaging with philosophers and theorists from Aristotle to Walter Benjamin, Jacques Derrida, Werner Hamacher, and Frank Ankersmit, the book argues that historicism is at its core a transcendental correlationism that grounds the possibility of historical knowledge in the historian’s intrinsic faculty to produce narratives that, like a Leibnizian plenum, constitute a world without gaps. Based on this redefinition, Catastrophic Historicism elaborates a non-historicist concept of historicity by developing Benjamin’s motif of historical danger as the modal category in which the past is experienced not as a secure possession but in the mode of radical contingency. After redefining historicism, Catastrophic Historicism dismantles the historicism that ensures the afterlife of Julia de Burgos (1914–53), the most iconic Puerto Rican writer, making the case that the poet’s first poetry collection, Poema en 20 surcos (1938), should be read as the poem of Puerto Rican modern life. By foregrounding the ontological violence, and the anti-Blackness that enables the poet to institute an embodied/gendered ipseity able to withstand the fungibilizing forces of modernity, Catastrophic Historicism challenges the tradition that instructs de Burgos’s Puerto Rican audience to treat her poetics of selfhood as the mirroring image of their own potential sovereignty. Beyond putting to test a theoretical concept, this dangerous reading of Poema intervenes in the structures of Puerto Rican historicity for the sake of its transformation.
Reading Danger
Authors: Mendoza-de Jesús Ronald
Published: October 2024

The introduction presents the main outlines of the book’s threefold argument. First, it argues that the dominant understanding of historicism as a realism of historical facts is misguided, and that in order to develop an actual critique of historicism it is necessary to restore its transcendental poetics. The introduction then presents an abridged account of the concept of “dangerous historicity” that contains the core of a critique of transcendental (and not simply empirical) positivism. In closing, the introduction argues for the utility of Julia de Burgos, and of Puerto Rican historicity more broadly, as sites to test the effectivity of this concept of dangerous historicity.
After Sovereignty?
Authors: Mendoza-de Jesús Ronald
Published: October 2024

The book’s epilogue clarifies the theoretical and political concerns that motivated Catastrophic Historicism’s interventions into the fields of the theory of history and Puerto Rican studies. The epilogue makes explicit that at the core of the deconstruction of historicism elaborated in this book lies a concomitant critique of the desire for sovereignty that structures both the historicist narration of history, and the political imagination of most Puerto Rican intellectuals. The epilogue brings the book to an end by urging a new generation of Puerto Rican scholars to abandon the idealized romance with sovereignty as a way of developing a more historically grounded approach to the urgent task of decolonizing Puerto Rico.
Dam: South Korea, 1961
Authors: Moore Aaron S.
Published: October 2024

The seemingly durable nature of large concrete dams is probed by understanding them as assemblages of political, economic, technological, financial, ecological, hydrological, physical, and cultural flows and networks. Focusing on a major dam project of the Cold War Park Chung-Hee era in South Korea (1961–1979), one particular dispute over hydrological data offers an opportunity to examine some of the complicated, contested ways in which that data was constructed and made to appear authoritative through the formation of new assemblages during Korea’s colonial era (1905–1945). The essay argues that untangling the multiple histories of hydroelectric production planning is necessary to begin to imagine decolonized national planning agendas in developing nations.
Famine: India, 1877
Authors: Nag Anindita
Published: October 2024

This chapter analyzes the ideological principles that laid the foundations of famine relief in nineteenth-century India. By the late nineteenth century, the modernist confidence in the ability of science to mitigate famine, coupled with a feeling of political responsibility to do so, marked a turning point in the British Empire’s relationship to its Indian subjects. Centered on famine camps, the chapter ties the British colonizers’ attempt to justify minimal relief in these camps to their larger ideology concerning poor relief, humanitarian aid, and the empire’s rightful place in the global sphere. The history of relief in famine camps reveals a “dark side of planning,” suggesting its links to state mechanisms of social control, constraint, and exploitation.
Hackathon: India, 2012
Authors: Irani Lilly
Published: October 2024

Hackathons are a practice of planning, rendered experimental, emergent, and probabilistic, if planning is a practice of anticipating and producing representations of possible futures. Private firms, public institutions, and civil society organizations have taken up hackathons as a way of engaging publics in prototyping possible futures. I argue that hackathons are an instrument of planning by trial-and-demo; trials probe the interests of possible investors of labor, funding, and partnership to carry projects forward. These hackathons train participants to see austerity as an opportunity and technical challenge rather than a political circumstance.
Land Parcel: Lebanon, 1990
Authors: Fawaz Mona , Moumtaz Nada
Published: October 2024

Two post-war reconstruction projects developed fifteen years apart appear as each other’s anti-thesis: they were developed by political rivals who described their planning approaches as radically different in scope and goals. Yet the two planning interventions materialized similar outcomes. Both projects reorganized the areas intervened in as manageable by centralized authorities, and reproduced urban spaces as a collection of individual, fungible property units that consolidate the dominant private property regime and capital accumulation. These convergences are the outcome of the ways in which the Lebanese planning toolkit adopted the cadastral map as a critical foundation, using the land parcel as a way to locate stakeholders and organize space. In other words, for both projects reading of the landscape as privately “owned” dictated a limited set of planning interventions while concealing numerous others.
Steel Plant: Orissa State, India, 1955
Authors: Abraham Itty
Published: October 2024

No one knows exactly how many Adivasis (members of India’s indigenous “tribal” populations) were displaced as a result of the establishment of the Hindustan Steel Plant at Rourkela in 1955, a landmark project of the Indian and West German governments established during the Cold War. What official figures do reveal are the numbers of settlements destroyed and the extent of land alienated. From this apparent oversight we are able to identify the “Plan” as promoting a uniquely modern form of forced displacement, a consequence of the colonial tendency towards spatial separation and the postcolonial aspiration for technological modernity. Aspirations to an indigenous technological modernity required the material demonstration of the possibility of a desired future with little trace of foreign collaboration. This contradictory vision would be manifested through the violent erasure of place and people in order to permit the state to claim success in its project of future postcolonial transformation.
Water Samples: Treaty 8 Territory, Canada, 2012
Authors: Blacker Sarah
Published: October 2024

Water samples embodying contradictory “representative samples” offering reliable evidence of environmental contamination of the Peace-Athabasca Delta, in settler colonial Canada, were produced through Indigenous environmental activism in 2012. The representativeness of one sample is generated within Indigenous knowledge traditions and the representativeness of the other reflects settler colonial state epistemic practices. The first sampling technique is informed by the Indigenous communities’ aim to halt processes of contamination to ensure the wellbeing of the subsequent generations. The second sampling technique is geared towards capitalist extradition and accumulation. Tension around the spectrophotometer as an instrument for measuring the contents of a sample lies at the center of this story. Two Indigenous communities push the object produced by colonial planning—the spectrophotometer—out of the planning domain, making the object work to produce knowledge that throws colonial measurement practices and related colonial plans into question. The spectrophotometer is revealed as a flexible technology that can work to produce different temporalities and thus support the production of different knowledges depending upon the hands that guide the tool.
Zoomorphic Wickerwork Figure: Australian Administered British New Guinea, 1908
Authors: Verran Helen
Published: October 2024

The essay is centered on an ethnographic object held in the “Official Papua Collection” of the Australian National Museum in Canberra. In the ethnographic literature this object is named as a “rattan-cane carcass of a ruru (a place-being).” Two very different planning moments in which this object has participated are described. Collected to inform the planning of Australian colonizing in the early twentieth century, before that the object served in a very different planning regime. It was an object of governance in a very different polity which ruled the lands of Papuan Elema peoples in today’s Papua New Guinea’s Gulf Province.
Distancology and Universalizing French Masculinity
Authors: Szabari Antónia
Published: October 2024

Chapter 5 examines Montaigne’s imaginary conversations with animals and non-French others side by side with his letters and diplomatic reports from the French embassy in Constantinople.
Coda: Race and Self-Discovery
Authors: Szabari Antónia
Published: October 2024

This concluding chapter reviews the critical moments of self-discovery in the travel account of late sixteenth century French traveler, Jean Palerne.
The Object of Allegory
Authors: Lezra Jacques
Published: October 2024

This chapter asks how individuals can be said to resemble others, to such a degree that they constitute a class that can be represented by a term. It designates this process “allegory,” and traces the relation between the development of the theory of allegory from the mid-nineteenth century on, and the creation of the notion of an economic class. This chapter works between Baudelaire, Genet, and Benjamin to distinguish melancholic from mourning allegory, and describes the sorts of social association that might flow from the first—which entails grief at the loss of the loss of the object.
The Schema of Abolition
Authors: Lezra Jacques
Published: October 2024

Complementing and completing the argument on “The Schema of Institution,” this chapter shows the sources and limits of current abolitionist thought (police abolition, family abolition, state abolition), and proposes—referring implicitly to the notion of melancholy allegory developed above, and directly by means of Brecht/Weill’s Three Penny Opera, Arendt’s response to the opera, Chico Buarque and Nina Simone’s covers of “Pirate Jenny”—to show how a notion of suspended and suspending abolition informs the notion of a defective, defectively-founded institution.
The Popes on Air
Authors: Perin Raffaella
Published: October 2024

The book offers the first wide-ranging study on the history of Vatican Radio from its origins (1931) to the end of World War II. The opening of the Vatican Archives on the records regarding Pope Pius XII has shed light on the most controversial pontificate of the twentieth century. The book provides insight into the relationship of the Holy See with the new media in the mass society; the relationship of the Catholic Church with Fascist regimes and Western democracies; and the Vatican’s position toward total war and its attitude towards antisemitism and the Shoah. Pius XII’s government of the Church has been analyzed through the reconstruction of the relations between Vatican Radio and the Roman Curia, and the study of the strategic, propagandistic, and diplomatic use of Vatican Radio by the Holy See during World War II through the analysis of the broadcasts in several languages. Pius XII became increasingly aware of the strategic use he could make of the radio, and the history of Vatican Radio told in this book reflects the doubts, reticence, and prudence toward a war that had highlighted all the contradictions of the position assumed by the Catholic Church during the 1930s. At the beginning, Vatican Radio was used hesitantly by Pius XI, who nonetheless recognized the great potentialities of the new medium. Vatican Radio was then strategically used by Pius XII, reflecting his way of leading Church, in constant tension between old and new, tradition and modernization.
Indigenous Ecological Knowledge and Systems of Ethnic Farmers Located at Different Altitudinal Locations along Agno River, Philippines
Authors: Florentin Josel M , Barcellano Emerson V
Published: October 2024

Ethnic farming communities located at different altitudinal locations in Agno River, Philippines face climate stressors that threaten their agricultural production. This paper determined the climate stressors experienced in the watersheds, investigated and assessed the exposures to climate stressors, and identified the ethnic affiliations of the communities, their farming practices and indigenous knowledge and systems to cope with the climate stressors. Data were gathered using pre-tested questionnaires during one-on-one interviews, focused group discussions and key informant interviews. Secondary data were likewise consulted. Majority of the communities’ ethnic affiliations are Karao, Ibaloi and Kalanguya. Farming techniques practiced include crop rotation and multicropping. The percentage of farmers in Ambuklao watershed doing it is twice as high as in both San Roque and Binga watersheds. Almost all farmers in Ambuklao do crop rotation, but apparently no one practices multicropping. Most farmers in Ambuklao plant high-value vegetables. Crop rotation is also done in San Roque and Binga where multi-cropping is also practiced. The elevational differences of the three watersheds dictate the choice of farming systems. Farm areas in Ambuklao are mostly located at higher slopes and ridges where flooding as a mean of watering is not possible. The practice of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) in farming includes uma (kaingin), burning and applying the ash as fertilizer, natural composting, use of scarecrows and aduyon. Majority of the respondents indicated using indigenous farming systems or techniques. This did not significantly differ from the 49% who said they do not do so.
Enhancing the qualitative attributes of meat through processing and preservation techniques- A review
Authors: Alam AMMN , Mia N , Monti JA , Hashem MA , Ali MS
Published: October 2024

Various techniques have been devised to produce more nutritious meat and animal products. Understanding the impact of meat aging and other processing processes on sensory quality is crucial. To enhance the nutritional value and flavor of products, it is necessary to employ a variety of technologies. This review highlighted the processes of aging, curing, and processing to create the optimal product that meets market demand. High-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) and other physical processing techniques along with wet and dry aging enhance the flavor and softness of beef. The fascinating technique of sous vide cooking preserves the nutrition and sensory qualities of food. Utilizing natural preservation techniques can extend the shelf life of beef products without compromising their flavor. These techniques can enhance the range of organically fortified beef products while preserving or enhancing their nutritional and sensory characteristics.
Detection of adulteration of cattle and buffalo meat through NIRS and chemometric analysis
Authors: Hashem MA , Akter R , Ahmmed A , Billah MM , Rahman MM
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy in detecting adulteration in cattle and buffalo meat. A total of 16 samples were tested, 2 of which were pure and 14 were adulterated. The beef samples were adulterated by mixing buffalo meat in the range of 0-28% (w/w) at approximately 2% increments according to weight. To detect adulteration, DLP® NIRscan™ Nano Software was used to gather spectra. The Unscrambler X program was used to develop calibration and validation models utilizing principal component regression and partial least squares. Root mean square error of calibration (RMSEc), root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSEcv), coefficient of calibration (R2 c ), and coefficient of cross-validation (R2 cv) were used to assess the accuracy of the calibration models. The R2 value of 0.90 or above indicates that the regression model is excellent. For the PCR model, the predicted R2 cv value was 0.73 and for the PLSR model, the predicted R2 cv value was 0.98 through leverage correction. In cross-validation, the R2 cv value was 0.65 for both the PCR and PLSR models. According to the findings, it is suggested that NIR spectroscopy is a reasonably efficient method for detecting adulteration in cattle meat with buffalo meat.
Production and preservation quality assessment of canned beef
Authors: Roy BC , Sultana N , Khanam JS , Tule SA
Published: October 2024

The present study was undertaken to produce canned beef along with the determination of its preservation quality. Kalojira oil (Nigella sativa), Na-nitrite (NaNO2 ) and common salt (NaCl) were added in beef and treated as preservative groups namely T1 , T2 and T3 treatment group respectively. Beef without addition of any preservative kept as control group (T0 ) and each group or treatment containing three (03) replications. Data from both fresh raw beef and canned beef were compared statistically in an ANOVA of a Completely Randomized Design using General Linier Model Procedures of SPSS, 20 computer software packages. Beef was purchased from local market immediate after slaughter and brought at meat processing laboratory of BLRI. The physicochemical properties and microbiological properties of both raw beef and canned beef were recorded. The physical properties viz, pH, drip and cook loss of fresh raw beef were 6.40, 5.55% and 27.71%, respectively. The moisture and CP content in raw beef were 74.61 and 25.39%, respectively. The total viable bacteria count and Coliform count in raw beef were 8.8 × 106 and 4.3 × 104 cfu/g, respectively. The pH of canned beef was higher (p < 0.05) in meat preserved with NaNO2 and Kalojira oil than that of NaCl and control group. Preservatives, however, had no effects (p > 0.05) on moisture or DM and CP content in canned beef. Though, there was no significant (p > 0.05) effect, but Kalojira oil performed as impressive preservative compared to others. In microbiological aspects of canned meat, the TVC, TCC, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were entirely absent in Kalojira group. In case of NaNO2 and NaCl group, only a very few numbers of viable bacteria were found (1 × 102 ). On the other hand, only the Staphylococcus bacteria were found in case of control group. Considering the physico-chemical and microbiological aspects in canned beef, it may be concluded that the Kalojira oil could be a suitable value-added preservative in meat canning.
Modern Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Çeşitlerinin Muş İli Koşullarında Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Karaman Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Nohut, insan ve hayvan beslenmesinde önemli besin kaynaklarından biridir. Araştırma, Muş ilinde yağışa dayalı koşullarda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın amacı, Muş ili ve benzer ekolojiler için modern nohut çeşitlerini bazı tarımsal özellikler yönünden incelemek ve özellik bazında öne çıkan çeşitleri belirlemektir. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre tasarlanmış ve 16 nohut çeşidi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırılan tüm özelliklerde çeşitler arasında p≤0.01 veya p≤0.05 seviyesinde önemli farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tane verimi 106.2-165.3 kg/da, bitki boyu 31.85-42.90 cm, çiçeklenme süresi 37.0-45.0 gün ve baklada tane sayısı 1.05-1.40 adet arasında değişim göstermiştir. Biplot analizine göre tane verimi ile bitki boyu, çiçeklenme süresi ve baklada tane sayısı arasında negatif korelasyon olduğu gözlenmiştir. ILC-482; tane veriminde, Uzunlu 99; bitki boyunda, Botan ve İnci çeşitleri; baklada tane sayısı bakımından en yüksek değeri vermiştir. Çiçeklenme süresi kısa olan çeşitlerin tane verimi bakımından ön sırada olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Muş ili ve benzer ekolojiler için çiçeklenme süresinin seleksiyon kriteri olabileceği ön görülürken, çalışmanın farklı yıl ve/veya lokasyonlarda birkaç yıl daha devam ettirilmesinin faydalı olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
FORMATION OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF AN ENTERPRISE WITHIN A TERRITORIAL PRODUCTION CLUSTER
Authors: Manyapov Lev , Habarov Vladimir
Published: October 2024

This research paper examines the competitive advantages separately and the development of the competitive potential of enterprises that are part of territorial production clusters (with emphasis on the practical importance of these relevant complexes, their innovative factor of influence on the regional economy); it should be noted that competitive advantages play a decisive role in the activities of any commercial organization – however, in modern conditions it is important to improve all components that affect the competitiveness of enterprises, make changes to production characteristics and use unique technologies; it is necessary to form an effective material and technical base to increase business profits, including the territorial production complex (and not just its individual businesses or divisions with important competitive functions).
THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PEASANT (FARM) FARMS IN THE AMUR REGION
Authors: Gorlov Aleksandr , Malkhasyan Zarui , Pavlichenko Anastasiya
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the activities of peasant (farm) farms and individual enterprises. The actual problems faced by small enterprises are identified. Promising areas of improvement of state policy in the field of support for the development of small business in the agro-industrial complex of the Amur region have been identified, which can help minimize threats associated with the current conditions of economic uncertainty.
TECHNOLOGIZATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AS THE BASIS OF THE COUNTRY'S FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Zhuravleva Lyudmila , Chupina Irina , Zarubina Elena , Simachkova Natalia Nikolaevna , Staheeva Lyubov'
Published: October 2024

The article discusses concepts and approaches to the definition of the concept of "food security" in the scientific literature and documents of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Under the influence of these ideas, a research boom began in daily nutrition practices and the study of their role in social health and active longevity of people. The problem of youth nutrition culture as an innovative group of society that determines the future state of the world has become, according to the authors, a trending research area. The analysis of the effectiveness of the use of information technologies and artificial intelligence in agriculture as drivers of industry development and food security is actively studied by domestic and foreign scientists. The dialogue of the scientific community is focused around the most relevant research topics: the problems of changing the nature of agricultural labor in the context of digitalization, robotization and the introduction of artificial intelligence; the impact of the technologization of agricultural enterprises on the specific activities of farmers, the existing risks of unintended destruction of ecosystems as a result of intensification of agriculture. Successful practices of using artificial intelligence in crop production and animal husbandry, the possibility of preserving traditional forms of farming on earth and many other issues are being actively studied. It is concluded that it is important to study the problems of agricultural technologization as a way to improve the efficiency of the industry and a way to ensure the country's food security.
Deep mapping Uncertain Historical Sources
Authors: Li Weixuan
Published: October 2024

This article navigates through the challenge of preserving and presenting uncertainties in digital maps, which are used to reconstruct practical knowledge in early modern artists’ businesses. It introduces a novel methodology—deep mapping—as a multi-layered spatial visualization within the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). This method adeptly facilitates the processing and visualization of complex art historical data, offering a nuanced approach that addresses the dual need of managing large-scale spatial analysis and maintaining the precision requisite in scholarly work. To operationalize the concept of deep mapping in knowledge production, this research has collected and integrated location-related descriptions of early modern addresses from various sources, translating them into geo-referenced areas and visualizing them on historical maps with varying levels of uncertainties. Applying deep mapping to visualize painters’ distribution patterns in seventeenth-century Amsterdam as an example, this article discusses two ways of presenting uncertainties in digital maps to facilitate historical observation. It shows that uncertainty is most effectively presented as fuzzy heat maps in the background to accentuate painters’ choices of locations for their painting businesses. The deep maps demonstrate that painters in early seventeenth-century Amsterdam pragmatically practiced their business knowledge by making clustering decisions following market conditions.
The Effect Propioceptive Training on Ladder Drill Training Variation on Dynamic Balance of Futsal Players
Authors: Maulidia Risma Hanani  , Primayanti I Dewa Ayu Inten , Lesmana S. Indra
Published: October 2024

Futsal is a multidirectional sport requiring players to move dynamically, it needs dynamic balance to create good performance. The combination of proprioceptive training interventions to ladder drill variations can affect dynamic balance for futsal players. This research method uses a pretest- posttest two group design. The research sample consisted of 30 people with 15 people in each group. Group 1 was given proprioceptive training and ladder run training, while group 2 was given proprioceptive training and ladder jump training. Dynamic balance measurement with Y balance test. The results of average test on dynamic balance variable, the results of paired sample t test showed differences in pretest and posttest values, group 1 (95.8 ± 4.4) with ( p = 0.00) while group 2 ( 98.2 ± 3.8) with ( p = 0.000). The results of the independent t test with a value of ( p = 0.127). The conclusion of this study is the combination of proprioceptive training and ladder run training interventions is as well as proprioceptive training and ladder jump training for dynamic balance of futsal players.
POLUIÇÃO AMBIENTAL OCASIONADA POR DESCARTE INCORRETO DE MEDICAMENTOS
Authors: Tasior Rodrigues Bruna , Del Olmo Sato Marcelo , Santiago Ronise Martins
Published: October 2024

Os medicamentos além de contribuem para melhorar a qualidade de vida, auxiliam, e recompõem a saúde dos indivíduos. A aquisição facilitada, rápida está causando uma parcela negativa de utilização demasiada de medicamento e os aumentos resíduos na água, solo e ambiente. Visto a importância deste tema, este trabalha tem como objetivo descrever sobre o descarte inadequado dos medicamentos e sua relação com a saúde humana. Através de uma revisão de literatura, com base de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva para avaliar criticamente dados de artigos relevantes. Os resíduos de medicamentos atingem os corpos hídricos de várias maneiras, uma delas é pelo descarte incorreto de medicamentos, como por exemplo, jogá-los no vaso sanitário ou deixado ao ar livre. Em adição o tratamento da água não é capaz de eliminar totalmente os resíduos de medicamentos, e muitas vezes acabamos ingerindo/inalando esses compostos à deriva e prejudicando a nossa saúde, atualmente a parcela negativa do consumo exagerado de medicamentos não é citada e nem divulgada para não sobrecarregar tanto o sistema de saúde, e assim contribuindo com a escassez de recursos naturais, contaminação e probabilidade de causar prejuízos a saúde futuramente.
ESTRATÉGIAS PARA PREVENÇÃO DE GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESCÊNCIA
Authors: Schefer Cardoso Sandra Maria
Published: October 2024

A gravidez não planejada na adolescência é reconhecida como problema de saúde pública não só no Brasil, mas em todo o mundo. O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar estratégias de prevenção para gravidez na adolescência, e para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi realizado uma revisão de literatura narrativa, na intenção de apresentar estratégias evidenciadas na ciência. Como resultados surgiram estratégias que podem ser utilizadas para envolver os adolescentes no conhecimento de promoção de saúde e prevenindo precoce. É fundamental incentivar programas que trabalhem o diálogo nas escolas sobre a prevenção da gravidez na adolescência, métodos contraceptivos, IST e a inserção dos responsáveis nesses espaços com o objetivo de uma maior aproximação entre os jovens e os pais com a temática. Concluindo fica a reflexão, que a escola pode fomentar a criação de projetos de vida, propiciar maior qualificação profissional para melhores colocações no mercado de trabalho e possibilitar a vivência de etapas necessárias ao crescimento do adolescente, como o monitoramento de comportamentos e o incentivo às atitudes mais adequadas e promissoras.