bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperative valorization of lignin and residual sugar to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for enhanced yield and carbon utilization in biorefineries
Authors: Liu Zhi-Hua , Shinde Somnath , Xie Shangxian , Hao Naijia , Lin Furong , Li Man , Yoo Chang Geun , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Yuan Joshua S.
Published: June 2019

Cooperative valorization of lignin and residual sugar has the potential to improve the sustainability and profitability of biorefineries.
Unravelling the synergy effects of defect-rich 1T-MoS2/carbon nanotubes for the hydrogen evolution reaction by experimental and calculational studies
Authors: Jayabal Subramaniam , Saranya Govindarajan , Liu Yongqiang , Geng Dongsheng , Meng Xiangbo
Published: June 2019

Synergistic effects from interfacial engineering of 1T-MoS2 and CNTs endow composites with higher activity and stability towards HER.
Two-dimensional π-conjugated metal bis(dithiolene) nanosheets as promising electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction: a computational study
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhu Changyan , Yan Likai , Zhao Jingxiang , Su Zhongmin
Published: June 2019

Two-dimensional π-conjugated metal bis(dithiolene) nanosheets exhibit high carbon dioxide reduction electrocatalytic activity.
Ternary-doped carbon electrodes for advanced aqueous solid-state supercapacitors based on a “water-in-salt” gel electrolyte
Authors: Song Ziyang , Duan Hui , Zhu Dazhang , Lv Yaokang , Xiong Wei , Cao Tongcheng , Li Liangchun , Liu Mingxian , Gan Lihua
Published: June 2019

N, O and S ternary-doped carbon electrodes and a 2.3 V “water-in-salt” gel electrolyte are collaboratively designed for fabricating exceptional aqueous solid-state supercapacitors.
Nanostructured SnSe integrated with Se quantum dots with ultrahigh power factor and thermoelectric performance from magnetic field-assisted hydrothermal synthesis
Authors: Xu Rui , Huang Lulu , Zhang Jian , Li Di , Liu Jizi , Liu Jiang , Fang Jun , Wang Meiyu , Tang Guodong
Published: June 2019

Through magnetic field-assisted hydrothermal synthesis, high thermoelectric performance of SnSe is obtained due to Se quantum dots and smaller nano grains, leading to enhanced density of states and energy filtering effect.
Expanded-graphite embedded in lithium metal as dendrite-free anode of lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Hao Xiaoge , Su Shiming , Ma Jiabin , Hu Yi , Liu Yong , Kang Feiyu , He Yan-Bing
Published: June 2019

The Li–EG composite anode was prepared by embedding the EG in the Li metal, which induces uniform deposition of Li and inhibits Li dendrites.
The n- and p-type thermoelectric response of a semiconducting Co-based quaternary Heusler alloy: a density functional approach
Authors: Enamullah Enamullah , Cha Pil-Ryung
Published: June 2019

In the combined framework of density functional and Boltzmann transport theory, we have systematically studied the electronic structure, mechanical stability and thermoelectric properties of the semiconducting quaternary Heusler alloy, CoFeTiAl.
An energy band engineering design to enlarge the band gap of KTiOPO4(KTP)-type sulfatesviaaliovalent substitution
Authors: Yang Fei , Huang Lijuan , Zhao Xiaoyu , Huang Ling , Gao Daojiang , Bi Jian , Wang Xin , Zou Guohong
Published: June 2019

The two fluoride sulfates RbSnFSO4and RbSbF2SO4derived from the famous commercial crystal KTiOPO4viaaliovalent substitution exhibited remarkably enlarged band gaps.
Dimensionality and anisotropicity dependence of radiative recombination in nanostructured phosphorene
Authors: Wu Feng , Rocca Dario , Ping Yuan
Published: June 2019

The interplay between dimensionality and anisotropicity leads to intriguing optoelectronic properties and exciton dynamics in low dimensional semiconductors.
Glypican-3 promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis through up-regulation of β-catenin expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Dongchang , Gao Yan , Zhang Yu , Wang Lifei , Chen Gang
Published: June 2019

As a cell surface proteoglycan anchored by glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol, Glypican-3 (GPC3) is reported to be highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to promote cell proliferation and tumorigenesis through activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. GPC3 is also overexpressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but its effects and mechanisms in the progression of lung SCC remain unknown. The present study aims to explore the role and molecular mechanism of GPC3 in the occurrence and development of lung SCC. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot (WB) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assays were used to determine the expression patterns of GPC3 in lung SCC tissues and cells. MTT, flow cytometry and in vivo xenotransplantation assays were used to evaluate the influence of GPC3 on the growth, apoptosis and tumorigenesis of lung SCC cells. The results showed that GPC3 expression levels in lung SCC tissues and cells were significantly elevated, and the high expression of GPC3 significantly promoted cell growth and tumorigenesis and repressed cell apoptosis, as well as increased β-catenin expression. Moreover, knockdown of β-catenin obviously weakened GPC3 role in the promotion of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, as well as the inhibition of cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that up-regulation of GPC3 accelerates the progression of lung SCC in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Our study provides a theoretical basis for GPC3/β-catenin as a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for lung SCC.
Lipid metabolism participates in human membranous nephropathy identified by whole-genome gene expression profiling
Authors: Wu Di , Yu Zhenxiang , Zhao Songchen , Qu Zhihui , Sun Weixia , Jiang Yanfang
Published: June 2019

A genomics approach is an effective way to understand the possible mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of disease. However, very limited results have been published regarding whole-genome expression analysis of human idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) using renal tissue. In the present study, gene expression profiling using renal cortex tissue from iMN patients and healthy controls was conducted; differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered out, and 167 up- and 291 down-regulated genes were identified as overlapping DEGs (ODEGs). Moreover, enrichment analysis and protein–protein network construction were performed, revealing enrichment of genes mainly in cholesterol metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, among others, with 38 hub genes obtained. Furthermore, we found several associations between circulating lipid concentrations and hub gene signal intensities in the renal cortex. Our findings indicate that lipid metabolism, including cholesterol metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, may participate in iMN pathogenesis through key genes, including apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), apolipoprotein B (APOB), apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and phospholipase A2 group XIIB (PLA2G12B).
Effects of Signs on Word Learning by Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: van Berkel-van Hoof Lian , Hermans Daan , Knoors Harry , Verhoeven Ludo
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This study investigated the effects of signs on word learning by children with developmental language disorder (DLD), in comparison with typically developing (TD) children, and the relation between a possible sign effect and children's linguistic and cognitive abilities.

Method

Nine- to 11-year-old children with DLD (
n
= 40) and TD children (
n
= 26) participated in a word learning experiment. Half of the spoken pseudowords were taught with a pseudosign with learning outcomes being assessed in accuracy and speed. To investigate whether sign effects would hold for children with varying linguistic and cognitive abilities, we measured children's linguistic (vocabulary, syntax) and cognitive (divided attention, working memory [WM], lexical access) skills.

Results

The children with DLD showed a positive sign effect in both accuracy and speed. For the TD children, there was no effect of signs on word learning. Principal component analyses of the linguistic and cognitive measures evidenced a 4-component solution (language skills, visual WM, verbal WM, and executive attention). Repeated-measures analyses of covariance with the component scores as covariates yielded no significant interactions with the linguistic and cognitive components.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that children with DLD benefit from signs for word learning, regardless of their linguistic and cognitive abilities. This implies that using sign-supported speech as a means to improve the vocabulary skills of children with DLD is effective, even still at the age of 9–11 years.
Distributed glycine in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Hadraoui K. , Cottin H. , Ivanovski S. L. , Zapf P. , Altwegg K. , Benilan Y. , Biver N. , Della Corte V. , Fray N. , Lasue J. , Merouane S. , Rotundi A. , Zakharov V.
Published: June 2019

Most of the gaseous molecules that are detected in cometary atmospheres are produced through sublimation of nucleus ices. Distributed sources may also occur, that is, production within the coma, from the solid component of dust particles that are ejected from the nucleus. Glycine, the simplest amino acid, was observed episodically in the atmosphere of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) by the ROSINA mass spectrometer on board the Rosetta probe. A series of measurements on 28 March 2015 revealed a distributed density profile at between 14 and 26 km away from the nucleus. We here present and discuss three study cases: (i) glycine emitted directly and only from the nucleus, (ii) glycine emitted from the sublimation of solid-state glycine on the dust particles that are ejected from the nucleus, and (iii) glycine molecules embedded in water ice that are emitted from the sublimation of this ice from the dust particles that are ejected from the nucleus. A numerical model was developed to calculate the abundance of glycine in the atmosphere of comet 67P as a function of the distance from the nucleus, and to derive its initial abundance in the lifted dust particles. We show that a good fit to the observations corresponds to a distributed source of glycine that is embedded in sublimating water ice from dust particles that are ejected from the nucleus (iii). The few hundred ppb of glycine embedded in water ice on dust particles (nominally 170 ppb by mass) agree well with the observed distribution.
Rotational spectroscopy of isotopic species of methyl mercaptan at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths: CH334SH
Authors: Zakharenko Olena , Lewen Frank , Ilyushin Vadim V. , Müller Holger S. P. , Schlemmer Stephan , Alekseev Eugene A. , Krapivin Igor , Xu Li-Hong , Lees Ronald M. , Garrod Robin , Belloche Arnaud , Menten Karl M.
Published: June 2019

Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) is an important sulfur-bearing species in the interstellar medium, terrestrial environment, and potentially in planetary atmospheres. The aim of the present study is to provide accurate spectroscopic parameters for the most abundant minor isotopolog CH334SH to support radio astronomical observations at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. The rotational spectrum of CH334SH, which is complicated by the large-amplitude internal rotation of the CH3 group versus the 34SH frame, was investigated in the 49−510 GHz and 1.1−1.5 THz frequency ranges in natural isotopic abundance. The analysis of the spectrum was performed up to the second excited torsional state, and the obtained data were modeled with the RAM36 program. A fit within experimental accuracy was obtained with a RAM Hamiltonian model that uses 72 parameters. Predictions based on this fit are used to search for CH334SH with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) toward the hot molecular core Sgr B2(N2), but blends with emission lines of other species prevent its firm identification in this source.
Self-Compassion, Metabolic Control and Health Status in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A UK Observational Study
Authors: Morrison Amy E , Zaccardi Francesco , Chatterjee Sudesna , Brady Emer , Doherty Yvonne , Robertson Noelle , Hadjiconstantinou Michelle , Daniels Lois , Hall Andrew , Khunti Kamlesh , Davies Melanie J
Published: June 2019

Aims Self-compassion is a modifiable characteristic, linked with psychological well being and intrinsic motivation to engage in positive health behaviours. We aimed to explore levels of self-compassion in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and their association with levels of depression, diabetes-related distress and glycaemic control.

Methods A cross-sectional study in 176 patients with T2DM in Leicester, UK, using three self-report questionnaires: the Self Compassion Scale (SCS); Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS-17). Demographic data, medical history and blood samples were collected.

Results Majority of participants were male (n=120, 68.2%), with median [IQR] age and HbA1c of 66 [60, 71] years and 7.3 [6.7, 8.0] %, respectively. Multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity and diabetes duration revealed significant association of all three scores with HbA1c: per one standard deviation increase of each score, a -0.16% reduction in HbA1c for SCS (p=0.027), 0.21% increase for PHQ-9 (p=0.012) and 0.33% increase for DDS-17 (p<0.001).

Conclusions Higher levels of self-compassion and lower levels of depressive symptoms were associated with significantly better long-term diabetes control. These results reinforce the importance of emphasis on psychological parameters, including self-compassion, in the multi-disciplinary management of T2DM. We identify this as a potential area for intervention in UK practice.
Assessment of the Integrity of Adult Human Mandibular Angle
Authors: Sittitavornwong Somsak , Ashley David , Denson Douglas , Walma David Cruz , Potter Sarah , Lin Chee Paul , Freind Jonathan
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the integrity of the adult human mandibular angle. The left hemimandibles of 24 human cadavers were selected and divided into three groups based upon remaining dental status. The height of the left mandibular body was measured. Hemimandibles were mounted in acrylic bone cement at the mandibular condyle. The left mounted hemimandibles were secured into an Instron 5565 mechanical unit and the occlusal plane was sequentially loaded until fracture of the mandibular bone occurred. Minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviations for compressive force as well as displacement of the occlusal plane were derived and compared for descriptive statistics. The correlations between the gender, mandibular body height, and maximal load were examined. The mean mandibular heights among males and females were 22.44 mm and 17.53 mm, respectively. Results portrayed a significant correlation between gender and mandibular height. The mean maximal loads among males and females were 1,174.17 and 828.14 N, respectively. Results portrayed a statistically significant difference between males and females regarding maximum load as well as the height of the mandible ( p=0.0103 and p=0.0067, respectively). No statistically significant association between maximum load and dental status (presence/absence of molar teeth) was found ( p > 0.05). The maximal load of human mandibular angle was found to be higher than that of the heavily investigated polyurethane synthetic mandible replica. The average height of the mandibular body in males was found to be greater than that of females. Mandibular body height showed a direct correlation to maximal load of the hemimandibular angle. In maxillofacial research, biomechanical evaluations of mandibular angle fractures and plating techniques with human cadaveric bone should be considered alongside or in place of conventional synthetic polyurethane mandibles.
Management of Dysphagia in Acquired and Progressive Neurologic Conditions
Authors: Ciucci Michelle , Hoffmeister Jesse , Wheeler-Hegland Karen
Published: June 2019

As the act of deglutition involves much of the central and peripheral nervous systems, neurologic disease can affect swallowing behaviors ranging from mild to profound in severity. The key in working with neurogenic dysphagia is to have a solid foundation in normal swallowing processes, including neural control. Within this framework, then, understanding how the neurologic condition affects neural control will guide hypothesis-based assessment and evidence-based treatment. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of evaluation and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia in adult populations as well to propose assessment of co-occurring speech, language, and airway compromise. Furthermore, it is vital to be familiar with ethical decision making and end-of-life issues. Continuing education in the form of research articles, conferences, and professional discussion boards is useful in maintaining a high level of service delivery. Whenever possible, an inter- or transdisciplinary approach is recommended.
Aminoxylation of Thioalkynes through Radical-Polar Crossover
Authors: Di Mauro Giovanni , Drescher Martina , Tkaczyk Sara , Maulide Nuno
Published: June 2019

A one-pot procedure for the aminoxylation of thioalkynes for the direct formation of α-functionalized thioesters under mild reaction conditions is reported. A ketenethionium ion is the key intermediate, which is generated in situ by Brønsted acid mediated protonation and undergoes a radical-polar crossover.
Critical Care Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bharadwaj Suparna , Naik Shweta
Published: June 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem. It is the leading cause of death and disability despite advancements in its prevention and treatment. Treatment of a patient with head injury begins on the site of trauma and continues even during her/his transportation to the trauma care center. Knowledge of secondary brain injuries and timely management of those in the prehospital period can significantly improve the outcome and decrease mortality after TBI. Intensive care management of TBI is guided by Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines (4th edition). Seventy percent of blunt trauma patients will also suffer from some degree of head injury. The management of these extracranial injuries may influence the neurological outcomes. Damage control tactics may improve early mortality (control hemorrhage) and delayed mortality (minimize systemic inflammation and organ failure). Neuromonitoring plays an important role in the management of TBI because it is able to assess multiple aspects of cerebral physiology and guide therapeutic interventions intended to prevent or minimize secondary injury. Bedsides, multimodality monitoring predominantly comprises monitoring modalities for cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygenation, and cerebral electrical activity. Establishing a reliable prognosis early after injury is notoriously difficult. However, TBI is a much more manageable injury today than it has been in the past, but it remains a major health problem.
A first-principles study of interfacial fluorination at the HfO2/Al2O3 interface in charge trapping memory devices
Authors: Lu Wenjuan , Dong Lanzhi , Ding Cheng , Wang Feifei , Dai Yuehua
Published: June 2019

The effect of interfacial fluorination on the structure, electronic properties, and performance of the HfO2/Al2O3 interface in charge-trapping memory (CTM) devices is investigated using the first-principles calculation. The impact of the interface states on the characteristics of traps in the HfO2 trapping layer at the HfO2/Al2O3 interface is studied first, and the results indicate that the interfacial states lead to performance degradation with respect to both reliability and the memory window of CTM devices during program/erase cycles. In the study of F passivation, F substitutions (FO) and F interstitials (Fi) tend to improve the thermal stability of the interface for higher interfacial F contents. Further, the FO-passivated interface is energetically more stable than the Fi-passivated interface. In addition, the FO-passivated interface can reduce the interface states that are partially (or completely) caused by breaking covalent interfacial bonds. Furthermore, a substantially improved HfO2/Al2O3 interface, with effective interfacial passivation in CTM devices, is obtained. Therefore, this study helps explain the intrinsic principle of interface passivation and opens new ways for performance improvement of the HfO2/Al2O3 interface in CTM devices.
Time-dependent electron transfer rate between geminate ions with strong Coulomb interaction and distance-dependent reactivity
Authors: Kim Minjung , Choi Cheol Ho , Lee Sangyoub
Published: June 2019

Previous analytic expressions for the time-dependent rate of diffusion-influenced electron-transfer between geminate ions were obtained for the case when the reaction occurs at a contact separation. By applying a recently developed solution method for the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind, we obtain an accurate analytic expression for the time-dependent electron-transfer rate with the account of the distance-dependent reactivity. We also consider the dependence of the rate on the initial separation between the geminate ions. We check the accuracy of the solution against numerical results obtained by solving the equation for the survival probability. The solution is found to be accurate enough for most reasonable parameter values.
A commissioning rod assembly for the Jamaican SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor
Authors: Koclas C. , Muftuoglu A. , Teyssedou A. , Chilian C.
Published: June 2019

Within the framework of the Material Management and Minimization Conversion Program of the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration, the Argonne National Laboratory approved the manufacturing of a Jamaica’s SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor (JM-1) mock-up, reactor removal tools, and commissioning rods by Polytechnique Montreal. This mock-up reactor was then used to practice dry runs of the JM-1 high enriched uranium core removal activities and fresh low enriched uranium core loading operations of the JM-1 reactor conversion. One of the most crucial elements in the commissioning of a new reactor core is the commissioning rod assembly. Hence, this paper presents the design, the fabrication, the calibration, and the dry runs performed at Polytechnique Montreal with commissioning rod assembly. The work was then resumed at Jamaica’s International Centre for Environmental and Nuclear Sciences.
Damage on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using white light photoactivation of Au and Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Méndez-Pfeiffer Pablo A. , Soto Urzúa Lucia , Sánchez-Mora Enrique , González Ana L. , Romo-Herrera J. M. , Gervacio Arciniega José Juan , Martínez Morales Luis Javier
Published: June 2019

Bactericidal efficiency of Au and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) is reported with and without photoactivation by white light. Au and Ag NPs were synthesized with an average size of 14±1.2nm and of 4.6±0.5nm, respectively. The size distribution of the Ag colloid was relatively wide. Less than 4% of these NPs were largely decahedral, which, based on numerical calculations, determined the position of the optical band. In contrast, the Au colloid had a narrow optical band; a concentration of 1.3μg/ml was determined by theoretical and experimental spectra. Ag and Au NPs showed a superficial charge of −35mV and +57mV due to the presence of the citrate ions and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on their surface, respectively. The effect of the NPs concentration on the viability of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains was investigated. It was found that Ag NPs were more effective against E. coli than Au NPs, whereas Au NPs were more effective against S. aureus than Ag NPs. The induced damage to the bacteria by the NPs was evaluated by AFM. The images show that the bacterial cell wall was changed in shape and in surface roughness, being more noticeable in S. aureus than in E. coli. The bactericidal activity of the photoactivated Ag NPs was almost doubled for both bacteria, whereas for the Au NPs, no bactericidal enhancement was observed for either strain. This can be explained by the high efficiency of Ag NPs to absorb white light and the consequent creation of hot spots that contribute to kill the bacteria.
Perturbation-induced magnetic phase transition in bilayer phosphorene
Authors: Le P. T. T. , Davoudiniya M. , Yarmohammadi M.
Published: June 2019

In the present paper, we theoretically study the impacts of “dilute” charged impurity, perpendicular electric field, and the Zeeman magnetic field on the magnetic phase of Bernal bilayer phosphorene (BLP) along both armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) directions. In so doing, we use the tight-binding Hamiltonian model, the Born approximation, and the Green's function approach. Overall, originating from the inherent anisotropic property of phosphorene, we found that the value of susceptibility along the ZZ direction is larger than the AC direction. Also, dilute charged impurity infected BLP suffers from an antiferromagnetic–paramagnetic–ferromagnetic magnetic phase transition depending on the impurity concentration, whereas the susceptibility increases with impurity scattering potential and converges at strong enough potentials. In addition, our results show that applying a perpendicular electric field leads to an antiferromagnetic–paramagnetic–ferromagnetic transition as well. On the other hand, it is observed that the susceptibility fluctuates around a critical Zeeman magnetic field. These findings provide basic information for future experimental researches and spintronic applications of impurity-infected BLP in the presence of electric and magnetic fields.
Electronic structure tuning of the anomalous thermoelastic behavior in Nb-X (X = Zr, V, Mo) solid solutions
Authors: Keuter Philipp , Music Denis , Stuer Michael , Schneider Jochen M.
Published: June 2019

Nb exhibits an anomalous temperature dependency of the elastic constant c44, which increases from around 500 to 2500 K. This anomaly can be affected by alloying. To study the effect of atomic size and electronic structure on the thermoelastic behavior in bcc Nb-X (X = Zr, V, Mo) solid solutions, the shear thermoelastic constants c44(T) and c′(T) are investigated theoretically using a density functional theory based model in which electronic and thermal expansion effects are treated separately. For all binary solid solutions, an anomalous thermoelastic behavior is predicted, which can be attributed to the electronic entropy induced by a high population of electronic states at the Fermi level (>0.8 states/eV atom). The onset of the increase in c44 remains unchanged for isoelectronic Nb-V indicating the absence of a size effect on the anomalous thermoelastic behavior. In contrast, the anomalous thermoelastic behavior can be tuned by alloying with Zr or Mo, due to the valence electron concentration induced change in the density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi level, leading to a shift in the anomalous trend of c44 to lower temperatures. An anomalous temperature behavior is also predicted for the shear elastic constant c′ for Nb-Mo solid solutions with Mo concentrations between 24 and 33 at. %. With increasing Mo concentrations, the anomaly in both elastic constants is suppressed due to the continuous reduction in electronic states at the Fermi level.
Diaphragmless single-pulse shock tube for high-temperature chemical kinetics studies
Authors: McGivern W. Sean , Awan Iftikhar A. , Manion Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2019

Single-pulse shock tubes are effective tools for measuring chemical kinetics at high temperatures, typically (900–1400) K. However, the use of a diaphragm for shock generation leads to significant shock-to-shock inconsistencies in temperature for a constant initial pressure ratio across the discontinuity. Diaphragms also require replacement after each shock and demand care in cleaning to ensure that the fragments do not contaminate the apparatus. A piston-driven valve design is presented that leads to a highly reproducible postreflected shock temperatures (0.41% at 1147 K and 0.61% at 967 K) in a single pulse varying from (500 to 1200) µs in width over the temperature range of interest. Characterization of the valve was accomplished using both shock-speed measurements and independent measurements of the pulse temperature using reference thermal decomposition reactions.
626-nm single-frequency semiconductor laser system operated near room temperature for mW-level second-harmonic generation at 313 nm
Authors: Ohmae N. , Katori H.
Published: June 2019

We report a 626-nm, single-frequency generation based on laser diodes operated near room temperature and the second-harmonic generation with an output power of 2 mW at 313 nm. A fundamental single-frequency laser at 626 nm consists of an external-cavity diode laser and a tapered semiconductor amplifier with 200 mW output. Antireflection coating of the laser diode expands the wavelength tuning range and realizes single-frequency output at 626 nm at room temperature. 313 nm light is generated by cavity-enhanced frequency doubling with a β-BaB2O4 crystal. A 313 nm laser with mW-level output power is useful for various experiments using laser cooling of beryllium ions.
Segregation and activation of Ga in high Ge content SiGe by UV melt laser anneal
Authors: Tabata Toshiyuki , Aubin Joris , Huet Karim , Mazzamuto Fulvio
Published: June 2019

The feasibility of dopant activation surpassing the equilibrium solid solubility limit by using an out of equilibrium melt laser annealing (MLA) process was investigated. To that end, we used an UV excimer nanosecond laser annealing and studied the segregation and activation of dopants in a Ga-implanted SiGe 50% epilayer. Dopant segregation is of great interest for future nodes to further improve contact resistivity in transistors. However, there is a lack of in-depth study about their activation. In this paper, we first reported very high Ga activation well above the equilibrium solid solubility limit when the partial Si0.5Ge0.5:Ga melt regime was assessed. The dopant segregation phenomenon, together with the surface morphology change of the Si0.5Ge0.5:Ga epilayer, was then induced by MLA. A very clear honeycomblike surface pattern was observed in the full Si0.5Ge0.5:Ga melt regime, while it was less pronounced in the partial melt regime. This honeycomblike pattern would be the result of dopant precipitation at the liquid–solid interface during solidification. Our simulation results highlighted that solidification velocity could play a key role in the substitutional incorporation of Ga atoms in a SiGe lattice.
First-principles study on the magnetic properties of β-Ti68.75Nb25X6.25 (X=Mo, Sn, Ta, Zr, Fe) alloys
Authors: Hu Hui , Yang Y. , Xiang Xiao , Tan C. G. , Lin J. G. , Sun L. Z.
Published: June 2019

Magnetic performances of β-Ti68.75Nb25X6.25 (X=Fe, Mo, Sn, Ta, Zr) alloys were investigated with first-principles method. The results indicate that the alloys of TiNbSn, TiNbTa, and TiNbZr exhibit interestingly strong magnetism. The magnetic properties of the alloys mainly derive from Ti atoms. The X atom modulates the coupling between Ti and Nb producing electrons backward Ti atoms. Such electron transfer induces asymmetry of the d states of Ti atom between spin-up and spin-down channels. Such magnetic properties of β-Ti68.75Nb25X6.25 (X= Sn, Ta, Zr) show great potential in biomedical implants.
On alpha-particle transport in inertial fusion
Authors: Zylstra A. B. , Hurricane O. A.
Published: June 2019

Analytical theory and models of inertial fusion implosion use parameterized microphysics models. In this paper, we consider the DT alpha-particle transport, and report new parameterizations of the range, heating efficacy, and energy partition using modern stopping-power theory. Our resulting heating efficacy is lower than previously published results, which reduces the temperature and pressure generated by a dynamic implosion hot-spot evolution model, and shifts the burning-plasma regime boundary slightly farther from current experimental results.
Gymnosiphon queenslandicus (Burmanniaceae), a new addition to the mycoheterotroph flora of tropical rainforest in Australia
Authors: Gray Bruce , Mahyuni Ridha , Low Yee Wen
Published: June 2019

The mycoheterotrophic genus Gymnosiphon Blume is recorded for Australia for the first time after the recent discovery of plants at Mossman Gorge, Queensland. On the basis of examination of living plants in the field as well as materials preserved in spirit, the Mossman Gorge Gymnosiphon taxon is a novelty closely related to Gymnosiphon affinis J.J.Sm., which is known only from New Guinea. The new species is here described as Gymnosiphon queenslandicus B.Gray & Y.W.Low based on floral characteristics important for species distinction in the genus.
The syntactic categories of adverbials in Isbukun Bunun
Authors: Wu Hsiao-hung Iris
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the morpho-syntactic properties of elements that realize adverbial meanings in Isbukun Bunun and investigates how its adverbs are syntactically represented. I show that most adverbial meanings are realized as verbs in this language, with only a few adverbial expressions realized as adverbs in the traditional sense. Specifically, the adverbial verbs, just like typical verbs, have to occur sentence-initially, take inflectional morphology and attract cliticization, whereas the genuine adverbs are invariable in form and exhibit relatively free distribution. The paper also presents evidence which bears on the debate concerning the syntax of adverbials and shows that a hybrid treatment is needed in which phrasal adverbs are adjoined to clauses while adverbial verbs are located in strictly-ordered functional projections in the backbone of the clause.
Indirect tone-prominence interaction in Kunming tone sandhi
Authors: Lin Hui-shan
Published: June 2019

Kunming exhibits a special kind of interaction between tone and prominence whereby the prosodic headedness is shown to play an indirect role in tone sandhi. Due to higher-ranked tonal faithfulness constraints, lower tones, which are universally unfavored in the head position, do not change to higher tones, and higher tones, which are universally unfavored in the non-head position, do not change to lower tones. Nonetheless, though the unfavored tone-(non-)head correlation does not directly trigger tone sandhi, it indirectly decides whether tone sandhi will take place. Falling tones, inter-syllabic tone segment disagreement, and tonal combinations with identical contours are marked tonal structures in the language. But not all these structures result in tone sandhi. The penalization of these structures is tied to an unfavored tone-(non-)head correlation; only when an undesired tone-(non-)head correlation is involved are the marked tonal structures penalized. The indirect tone-(non-)head interaction observed in Kunming is special but not unique to the language as a similar correlation is found in the Chinese dialects of Dongshi Hakka and Beijing Mandarin.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 restrains egress of γδ T cells from the skin
Authors: Laidlaw Brian J. , Gray Elizabeth E. , Zhang Yang , Ramírez-Valle Francisco , Cyster Jason G.
Published: June 2019

Maintenance of a population of IL-17–committed γδ T cells in the dermis is important in promoting tissue immunity. However, the signals facilitating γδ T cell retention within the dermis remain poorly understood. Here, we find that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) acts in a cell-intrinsic manner to oppose γδ T cell migration from the dermis to the skin draining lymph node (dLN). Migration of dermal γδ T cells to the dLN under steady-state conditions occurs in an S1PR1-dependent manner. S1PR1 and CD69 are reciprocally expressed on dermal γδ T cells, with loss of CD69 associated with increased S1PR1 expression and enhanced migration to the dLN. γδ T cells lacking both S1PR2 and CD69 are impaired in their maintenance within the dermis. These findings provide a mechanism for how IL-17+ γδ T cells establish residence within the dermis and identify a role for S1PR2 in restraining the egress of tissue-resident lymphocytes.
Correlations and forces in sheared fluids with or without quenching
Authors: Rohwer Christian M , Maciołek Anna , Dietrich S , Krüger Matthias
Published: June 2019

Spatial correlations play an important role in characterizing material properties related to non-local effects. Inter alia, they can give rise to fluctuation-induced forces. Equilibrium correlations in fluids provide an extensively studied paradigmatic case, in which their range is typically bounded by the correlation length. Out of equilibrium, conservation laws have been found to extend correlations beyond this length, leading, instead, to algebraic decays. In this context, here we present a systematic study of the correlations and forces in fluids driven out of equilibrium simultaneously by quenching and shearing, both for non-conserved as well as for conserved Langevin-type dynamics. We identify which aspects of the correlations are due to shear, due to quenching, and due to simultaneously applying both, and how these properties depend on the correlation length of the system and its compressibility. Both shearing and quenching lead to long-ranged correlations, which, however, differ in their nature as well as in their prefactors, and which are mixed up by applying both perturbations. These correlations are employed to compute non-equilibrium fluctuation-induced forces in the presence of shear, with or without quenching, thereby generalizing the framework set out by Dean and Gopinathan. These forces can be stronger or weaker compared to their counterparts in unsheared systems. In general, they do not point along the axis connecting the centers of the small inclusions considered to be embedded in the fluctuating medium. Since quenches or shearing appear to be realizable in a variety of systems with conserved particle number, including active matter, we expect these findings to be relevant for experimental investigations.
Natural Obstacles and Biological Salmon Behaviors Link to Modelling Approaches of Computational Intelligence Procedures for the Standard System
Authors: Afandi A.N. , Fadlika Irham , Rahmawati Yuni , Alief Sias Quota , Aripriharta  , Sulistyorini Yunis , Hani Slamet
Published: June 2019

Since classical mathematical approaches have been applied to many technical and theoretical problems, they are useful and accurate for searching solutions even they suffer from large systems and multi spaces. Recently, many algorithms have been proposed for introducing new approaches conducted to phenomena or entities in nature. Many biological behaviors and mechanisms are adopted to replace classical methods which are presented in various names as performed for the natural inspiration. In these works, the novel computational intelligence is explored in Artificial Salmon Tracking Algorithm (ASTA). ASTA is developed based on the natural obstacles and biological Salmon behaviors link to modeling approaches of computational intelligence procedures. Moreover, ASTA is applied to a standard system model considering environmental requirements for the global warming parameter. The system process is supported by suppliers to fulfill a sustainable operation while the productions are also subjected to reach clean and green targets. In these studies, ASTA is also used to optimize the system and to get an optimal portion of the balanced combination of the system results. The biological Salmon behavior presented in ASTA is also tested based on technical requirements; the results show that the solution is produced dynamically to feed the operation. The system model is balanced in various combination portions of the solution while ASTA has been demonstrated clearly to search for optimal solutions.
The Effect of Mass Ratio between NaOH to k-Carrageenan and Alkalization Temperature on Carboxymethyl k-Carrageenan Synthesis
Authors: Kartika Kusumaningrum Irma , Marfuah Siti , Fadilah Mira N , Nazriati  , Ricky Wijaya Anugrah , Kurniawan Fredi
Published: June 2019

This article presents a study on the effect of the mass ratio between NaOH to k-carrageenan variation and alkalization temperature variation, on the synthesis of carboxymethyl k-carrageenan (CMKC). This research was done in two-step (1) Alkalization of k-carrageenan with NaOH as reactant on several mass ratios between NaOH and k-carrageenan, and optimization of the alkalization temperature, followed by etherification of alkoxy k-carrageenan with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as etherification reactant (2) characterization of the CMKC properties including the degree of substitution (DS) and FTIR spectrum. The results showed that CMKC was synthesized, indicated by the appearance of carbonyl absorption peaks in the FTIR spectrum of CMKC, around 1650 and 1410 cm−1. The mass ratio between NaOH and k-carrageenan affected to the DS value of CMKC that was synthesized, the mass ratio between NaOH and k-carrageenan that had the highest DS value, was 7.2:1 The alkalization temperature also influenced the DS value of CMKC, the optimal alkalization temperature is 40 °C
Antibacterial Activity of Rhinacanthus nasutus L. Kurz ointment to Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus Growth Using In Vitro Dilution Method
Authors: Lukiati Betty , Nugrahaningsih  , Prabaningtyas Sitoresmi , Aribah Dina , Nur Arifah Siti
Published: June 2019

This study aimed at examining the antibacterial activity of R. nasutus ointment in different concentration of S. aureus bacteria growth by in vitro dilution method. The antibacterial activity of R. nasutus ointment was determined based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) from R. nasutus ointment against S. aureus bacteria. The results showed R. nasutus ointment that the MIC value was 250,000 μg/mL up, whereas the MBC was 125,000 µg/mL. The variation of R. nasutus ointment concentration significantly has a relation with S. aureus bacterial growth. These results indicated that R. nasutus ointment potentially used as an alternative medicine for skin disease because it has an ability as antibacterial.
Trichomes and Stomata Diversity in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) Lines
Authors: Amaliah N , Zubaidah S , Kuswantoro H
Published: June 2019

Modified epidermal tissues on the leaf surfaces, such as trichomes and stomata, are very useful for plants because it helps prevent pest attacks and support photosynthesis. The characteristics of a plant can be determined based on an observation conducted on trichomes and stomata to improve the genetic potentials of the plant. This research aimed to discern the diversity of trichomes and stomata in 10 soybean lines and determine the correlation between the characters. This experimental study employed a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that there were significant differences in all leaf anatomical characters including the number of trichomes and stomata, as well as the length and the width of the trichomes and stomata. Some observed characters were also correlated. Positive correlations were found between the number of stomata and the width of the trichomes, the width of the lower stomata and the length of the trichomes, and the width of the upper stomata and the width of the trichomes. On the other hand, a negative correlation was observed between the length of the stomata and the number of trichomes.
Analysis of Nutritional Content of Fresh Sea Worm Honingka (Siphonosoma australe-australe) as a Potential Food Source for Communities
Authors: Rahayu Rahmi , Miftachul Hudha Atok , Sukarsono  , Hardian Permana Fendy
Published: June 2019

Honingka worms (Siphonosoma australe-australe) can be found in the Wakatobi Islands, Southeast Sulawesi. Honingka worms have been used as food traditional medicine. Honingka worms have never been tested in terms of nutritional content. This study aimed to determine the nutritional content of wet worms. This research was conducted at Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Halu Oleo Kendari University from September to October 2017. This study was descriptive quantitative research. The data were analyzed through descriptive analysis. The results showed that the nutrient content average of wet Honingka was 17.3880% protein, 1.2766% lipid, 79.5928% water, 0.6408% ash, and crude fiber of 0.5798%. The results showed that these worms in fresh/wet portions can have high levels of protein, coarse fiber, and high-water content, low ash, and non-fat content. This study showed that the fresh/wet Honingka worm has potential as a food source for the community.
The Effectiveness Comparison of Single Bulb Garlic Extract for Antibacterial Agent P. aeruginosa
Authors: Fitriana N , Ainayya A A , Pamasyah F A , Anam M A , Lestari S R
Published: June 2019

Organosulfur compounds (Allicin, Ajoene) in single bulb garlic are responsible for antibacterial agents. Antibacterial activity by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibiting the formation of the bacterial cell membrane. P. aeruginosa is one of the bacteria that has LPS and belongs to the group Gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness ratio of gel preparation and not gel extract of single bulb garlic juice (SBGJ) as an antibacterial agent for P. aeruginosa. The method used began by making gel and not gel preparations, stability test of gel preparation, bacterial preparation and culture, antibacterial test, and identification of bacterial morphological damage. The results showed that the gel preparation with SBGJ 100% has the most appropriate characteristics for a good gel preparation. The bacteria were positively identified P. aeruginosa bacteria and characterized by stem-shaped bacteria and red in Gram staining. The gel preparation and not gel have an antibacterial power of P. aeruginosa based on the statistical analysis performed. Gel preparations with 100% concentrations have significantly different antibacterial power levels compared with other preparations, even with control treatment using Ceftazidime. Damage of P. aeruginosa bacteria with 100% gel treatment showed that all bacteria had shrunk so that bacteria as if rounded, known through observation using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
The effect of Cu2O thickness in Perovskite Solar Cell to Power Conversion Efficiency and Its Stability
Authors: Maryam Siti , Mufti Nandang , Fuad Abdulloh , Adi Setio Laksono Yoyok , Taufiq Ahmad , Sunaryono
Published: June 2019

Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC) methylammonium lead halide (CH3NH3PbI3) base is one of promising solar cell that has inexpensive materials, relatively simple and versatile fabrication high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 has relatively low stability due to very sensitive to polar solvents such as water, where this compound will easily decompose into PbI2 quickly. Some attempts have been made by researchers to increase the stability for example by adding Hole transport material (HTM) to prevent corrosion of the sensitizer, enhance the resistance to degradation CH3NH3PbI3 and improve the stability against moisture. Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is ones of p-type semiconductor with low electron affinity and very high hole mobility that is a potential for hole transport material in heterojunction based solar cells. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of Cu2O thickness as HTM in PCE and stability of perovskite solar cell. The electron transport layer (ETL) of TiO2 was synthesized by a screen-printing method on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate. Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 was deposited on ETL by one step spin coating, while Cu2O was synthesized by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) on another FTO substrate with 5 times and 10 times dip. The stability of PSC measured by a comparison between PCE after synthesized and after stored for two months. The increasing of HTM Cu2O Thickness raise the PCE and stability of PSC.