bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESIGN OF A NOVEL DEVICE TO REDUCE ENGINE EMISSIONS
Authors: C.A.Ravirajan  , S.Praveen  , V.B.Pavan  , M.Balasubramanian
Published: March 2024

Air pollution is a threat in which air has adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. It is caused by substances which may be solid particles, liquid droplets or gases. Pollutants are classified as primary and secondary. Primary pollutants include carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides from automobile vehicle exhaust and secondary pollutants includes the Sulphur-dioxide released from factories. The aim of the present work is to fabricate a novel device to reduce the emission of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, CO2, unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOX) which are released from the stationary Engines. Nowadays Diesel particulate filters are used in high-end vehicles to reduce the emission and we are using chemical solutions in our project to reduce the harmful gases released from stationary Engines. The chemical solution used in our project is ammonical cuprous chloride and potassium hydroxide and activated charcoal. Activated charcoal is coated on the baffle plates to absorb the carbon content and the heat generated in the combustion chamber and also filter the harmful nitrous and sulfur content produced by the engine.
IDENTIFYING FREQUENT POINT OF INTEREST USING GEOTAGGED PHOTOS
Authors: Keerthipriya  , Banu A.Gulsan
Published: March 2024

Tourist Recommending has been a growing interest and it is identified based on the Relevant Point of Interest(POIs) to form a Personalized Trip using Location-Based Social Networks database. Most frequently visited places are identifiedas person’s point of interest. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the main tourist attraction places in a city. In this work Association rule mining Algorithm is used to analyze the frequently visited locations along with the visitor’s information. For the analysis R programming language is used. The dataset Flickr is used to identify the places where most frequently visited based on geospatial information. The Current work read the Flickr dataset. The dataset is divided into different segments and individual segments are analyzed. Final result is generated by combining the results of the individual segments.
Kinetics Modeling of Biogas Production from Market Waste Inoculated with Abattoir Waste
Authors: Mbugua James Kamau
Published: March 2024

The anaerobic digestion process is a waste management method that is driven by microbes and therefore, it’s vital to understand the basic operation kinetics. This study demonstrates the kinetic study for twenty market wastes inoculated with rumen fluid at mesophilic temperature. The substrates consisted of blended market wastes inoculated with rumen fluid for a seven days hydraulic retention time. The experimental data obtained were used for kinetic studies by fitting the data to Linear, Exponential, Gaussian, Logistics, and Modified Gompertz kinetic models. The results obtained showed that high cumulative biogas was observed in the market wastes mixed sample at 3500 mL followed by sweet potato, potato, and banana wastes at 2000 mL and 1700 mL respectively. The un-inoculated wastes fruit and vegetable wastes mixtures produced 300 mL, blank rumen 700 mL while co-digestion of waste with rumen matter produced 3500 mL of biogas. The kinetic evaluation of the biogas generation data showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) was in the following ranges for all the twenty market wastes, linear model: 0.5478 - 0.9973, exponential model: 0.9099 - 0.9984, Gaussian model: 0.879-0.9932, Logistic Growth model: 0.9602 – 0.9963 and Modified Gompertz model: 0.9987 – 0.9999 respectively. Therefore, the Modified Gompertz model yielded high-accuracy result. Further, biogas generation from these models showed high accuracy with 25.96 mL/g cumulative biogas in contrast to the experimental yields of 23.58 mL/g with slight deviations of 2.87 %.
Production and characterization of manno-oligosaccharides from hydrolysis of mannan substrates by recombinant beta-mannanase from Bacillus licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester DSM 13
Authors: Albia Louelle Sheryl , Arreola Sheryl Lozel , Yanos Adonis , Nguyen Thu-Ha , Haltrich Dietmar
Published: March 2024

Mannooligosaccharides (MOS) is a prebiotic produced by the hydrolysis of mannans and promotes gut health. One route in producing MOS is via enzymatic method, which employs microbial enzyme (e.g., β-mannanase) for mannan hydrolysis. In this work, we investigated the stability and propensity of β-mannanase from Bacillus licheniformis (BlManB) overexpressed in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCSF1 towards β-MOS production using several mannan sources. We also determined the fermentation conditions for optimal enzyme production in the food-grade system. Maximal crude enzyme yield was obtained (17.3 ± 1.2 kU per liter of fermentation broth with specific activity of 194 U/mg protein) by maintaining the pH at 6–6.5 at fermentation. Crude BlManB is stable at storage conditions of -20°C and 4°C. The crude overexpressed enzyme was also stable and active at conversion conditions (30 °C and 37 °C) in the presence of 2 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) . Analysis by high-performance anionexchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) indicated that the crude enzyme produced known linear MOS of 235.88 mg/g using locust bean gum, 121.63 mg/g using copra meal, 71.71 mg/g using guar gum, 21.33 mg/g using spent coffee ground, and 86.76 mg/g using konjac glucomannan. The study has also shown that crude BlManB overexpressed in L. plantarum WCSF1 could be efficiently used to produce food-grade MOS.
Gender disparity in job responsibility allocation at Ajegunle community project in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Omolawal Samuel Ayodeji , Adeniyi Idowu Sulaimon
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study was to explore the issue of gender disparity in the allocation of job responsibilities at Ajegunle Community Project in Lagos, Nigeria. The research design was cross-sectional and exploratory, using a descriptive research methodology. The conceptual framework used was Feminist Theory. The study focused on the employees of Ajegunle Community Project in Lagos. The primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with 20 participants, including 5 Key Informant Interviews and 15 in-depth interviews. The data collected was transcribed, coded and analyzed using ethnographic summaries. The findings suggest that there are variations in how gender responsibilities are allocated at Ajegunle Community Project in Lagos. Although there are no specific responsibilities that are exclusively reserved for either gender, gender inequality remains a prevalent issue in the workplace. The Ajegunle Community Project in Lagos was found to have gender disparities, highlighting the need to promote diversity. The report identifies systemic factors which significantly contribute to gender inequality and suggests potential solutions to address these issues. The allocation of responsibilities based on gender is particularly problematic for women at the Ajegunle Community Project in Lagos, given the differences in tasks performed by each gender. Despite the increasing number of women in traditionally male-dominated jobs, they are often relegated to unskilled labor. The report indicates that there are still instances of gender inequality in the workplace, such as distinct position allocations for each gender. Therefore, it is crucial to eliminate gender discrimination in the recruitment process, responsibility distribution, and promotion based on gender. Instead, employee success in previous responsibilities should be the primary consideration, as this would enormously bolster engagement.
The organizational structure's the development of the Ministry of education and training Vietnam: Fluctuation in past and present
Authors: Thinh Pham Van
Published: March 2024

Development of organizational structure of the Ministry Of Education And Training plays a significant role in institutionalizing the Party and State's guidelines, undertakings and policies on education and training, while also reflecting the historical development of Vietnamese education. This article presents the process of formation and development of organizational apparatus from the Ministry of National Education in the Provisional Revolutionary Government of 1945, the Ministry of National Education in the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1946 to 1960, the Ministry of Education according to the Law on Organization of the Government Council (1960-1965), the period of dividing the Ministry of Education into the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Tertiary and Professional Secondary Education, to the organizational structure of the Ministry of Education and Training (1990-2024). The results show that the organizational structure of the Ministry of Education and Training is always changing to meet the nation's requirements in each historical period. This development process also shows advantages and limitations from the perspective view of organizational science. It needs to have more thorough research on this issue to summarize lessons learned, contributing to promoting administrative reform in the current education sector.
PROPOSTA METODOLOGICA PARA O ENSINO COOPERATIVISTA NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Dos Santos Acácio Bento , Meirelles Nelson Vieira da Silva , Silva Paulo Rogério Barbosa
Published: March 2024

A sociedade brasileira é caracterizada pelo grau de desigualdade entre as classes, sendo refletido tanto no âmbito educacional, quanto no profissional. Tamanha dualidade é encontrada em todos os resultados econômicos e sociais do Brasil e no seu ciclo de subdesenvolvimento. O modelo capitalista impede os pequenos produtores/empreendedores desenvolverem seus negócios, que por sinal tem alto grau de falência. Boa parte deste problema é a competição desleal existente no contexto do mercado brasileiro, onde os grandes conseguem escalar produção e reduzir custos encarando as barreiras de mercado, como competição abrupta e altos impostos de forma mais tranquila que os pequenos, que muitas vezes se quer conseguem pagar suas contas básicas. Dentro deste contexto, busca-se algumas alternativas de atuação no mercado que proporcione ao pequeno produtor/empreendedor maior sustentabilidade de negócio para melhoria de sua realidade. Para solução deste problema se tem a aplicação de métodos de economia solidária, a exemplo da dinâmica cooperativista como alternativa ao modelo atual de competição. Nesse contexto o objetivo principal será aplicar uma metodologia de ensino do modelo cooperativista como alternativa ao padrão capitalista atual para atuação dos alunos do curso técnico em agropecuária no mercado de trabalho, outros objetivos são abordar a temática da consciência de classe, investigar a capacidade de compreensão dos discentes sobre seu contexto social e elaborar uma sequência didática para aplicação dos conteúdos sobre o sistema cooperativista. Serão realizados, além de levantamento bibliográfico, entrevistas semi-estruturadas para diagnóstico do grau de entendimento dos discentes sobre o tema do cooperativismo e identificação do público participante da pesquisa, esta pesquisa será de cunho qualitativo através da metodologia de pesquisa ação, com a utilização de metodologias ativas para aplicação da metodologia proposta e seguirá a linha de pesquisa de práticas educativas aos discentes do curso técnico em agropecuária do Instituto Federal de Alagoas, campus Satuba.
DIFICULDADE DIAGNÓSTICA DO TRANSTORNO BIPOLAR – REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Lima Willian de Almeida , Souza Christopher Wando da Silva , Conceição Matilde da Silva , Araripe Marcos Cordeiro , Da Costa Ruth Silva Lima
Published: March 2024

O Transtorno Bipolar (TB), uma doença psiquiátrica, frequentemente enfrenta desafios no diagnóstico, contribuindo para um alto índice de erros. A identificação dos fatores que propiciam essa dificuldade torna-se crucial para possibilitar o início precoce do tratamento, prevenindo complicações como episódios maníacos ou risco de suicídio. Objetivo: evidenciar as dificuldades encontradas para o diagnóstico do transtorno bipolar.  Método:  trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, conduzida nas bases de dados do Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) e National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), com foco em estudos publicados entre 2018 e 2023. Resultados: evidenciou-se que o Transtorno Bipolar apresenta sobreposições significativas com outros transtornos psiquiátricos, como esquizofrenia, transtorno depressivo maior (depressão unipolar) e esquizoafetivos. A ausência de biomarcadores específicos dificulta o diagnóstico preciso. Indivíduos atendidos na atenção primária enfrentam maiores desafios na obtenção do diagnóstico adequado, em comparação com aqueles atendidos por especialistas em saúde mental. Quadros mais complexos e graves ampliam as dificuldades na investigação diagnóstica. Conclusão: Destaca-se a necessidade de capacitação aprimorada para profissionais de atenção primária na avaliação de pacientes com sintomas psiquiátrico, bem como a importância de novos estudos para identificar marcadores específicos para a doença, visando a prevenção de diagnósticos incorretos e suas potenciais consequências.
ANALISIS INVESTASI AKTIVA TETAP TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE EVA (ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED) (STUDI KASUS JASA PUSLIT PT. PUSAT PENELITIAN KELAPA SAWIT)
Authors: Maya Rosmawati  , Zahri Fadli
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil pengukuran kinerja keuangan dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh investasi aktiva tetap terhadap kinerja keuangan Koperasi Jasa Puslit PT. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Kota Medan. Penelitian pada Koperasi Jasa Puslit PT. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit menggunakan data dan informasi yang bersumber langsung dari koperasi Jasa Puslit PT. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode EVA (Economic Value Added). Hasil analisis selama periode 2020 sampai dengan 2022 dengan menggunakan metode EVA (Economic Value Added), maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa kinerja keuangan Koperasi Jasa Puslit PT. Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Medan sudah baik. Pada tahun 2020 EVA sebesar Rp 1.538.965.482,64 lalu pada tahun 2021 EVA mengalami kenaikan sebesar Rp 257.145.469,81 menjadi Rp 1.796.110.952,45. Pada tahun 2022 EVA mengalami penurunan sebesar Rp 108.700.731,43 menjadi Rp 1.687.410.221,02. Investasi aktiva tetap sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan Koperasi Jasa Puslit PT. Pusat Penelitian kelapa sawit.
La negativa a aplicar ajustes razonables tras la declaración de incapacidad permanente convierte en discriminatoria la extinción del contrato.
Authors: Rivas Vallejo Pilar
Published: March 2024

El derecho a la igualdad de oportunidades de las personas con discapacidad, a quienes se asimilan quienes cuentan con el reconocimiento de un grado de incapacidad permanente total o absoluta, es incompatible con la extinción automática del contrato de trabajo por declaración de dicho grado, si no se agotan antes las posibilidades de ajustes razonables por la empleadora.

The right to equal opportunities of people with disabilities, considering that is the case of those with the recognition of a degree of total or absolute incapacity for work, is not compatible with the automatic termination of the employment contract due to this declaration, and requires effective application of reasonable accommodation by the employer.
Strategic Role of Amphibious Assault Rifles in the Operating Environments of Maritime, Coastal, Underwater, and Land Areas in Advancing Defense Technology to Support National Resilience
Authors: Nugraha Dandy , I Nengah Putra  , Ade Muhammad  , Muhammad Dimas Barazki
Published: March 2024

Amphibious Assault Rifles, known for their versatility, play a crucial strategic role in various operating environments, including maritime, coastal, underwater, and land areas. This study investigates their significance in advancing defense technology and contributing to national resilience. These rifles, essential to TNI AL special forces like KomandoPasukan Katak (KOPASKA), excel where traditional firearms fall short, making them indispensable in modern military operations. The research explores how these rifles influence defense technology, enhancing national security and resilience in an ever-evolving security landscape. This study analyzes the role of amphibious assault rifles in amphibious operations to support national resilience, identifies challenges, and considers the defense technology mastery as an effective solution for the development of amphibious assault rifles. A Systematic Literature Review method is employed to gather literature. Challenges encompass defense technology readiness, financial, and manufactur aspects. Strategies involving increased investment, long-term planning, coordination, and human resource development are needed. Development of amphibious assault rifles is proposed to defense technology mastery and support national resilience. The success of defense technology mastery and the development of amphibious assault rifles requires strategic collaboration and the implementation of appropriate solutions.
Demand for and intensity of use of extension services among cocoa farmers in Ghana: the heckpoisson approach.
Authors: Enoch Kwame Tham-Agyekum  , Fred Ankuyi  , Prince Asiedu  , Akua Yeboah Oduro-Owusu  , Ernest Laryea Okorley  , Stephen Prah  , John-Eudes Andivi Bakang  , Prince Amoako
Published: March 2024

In response to the evolving landscape of agricultural extension services, a paradigm shift is imperative, moving away from the traditional supply-centric approach to one that recognizes farmers as active participants influenced by socio-economic factors. This transformation is especially pertinent for cocoa farmers, whose livelihoods hinge on this crop. To elucidate this shift, our study employs a multistage sampling technique to select 400 cocoa farmers in the Tafo District, Eastern Region, Ghana to ensure representativeness and diversity. The Heckpoisson model analysis reveals that farmers' demand for and intensity of use of extension services are intricately linked to a spectrum of socio-economic factors; farming experience, cooperative membership, farm size, sex, number of farms, religion, land tenure, marital status, household size, access to credit, distance to the farm, age, and years of formal education. Building upon our insights, we recommend that extension service providers tailor their services to align with the socio-economic characteristics of farmers
Analysis Of Bosnia-Herzegovina Armed Conflict
Authors: Ridha Ayu Rachmawati  , Herlina Juni Risma Saragih  , I Gede Sumertha Kusuma Yanca  , Pujo Widodo
Published: March 2024

The Bosnia-Herzegovina conflict in 1992 was a war that had its roots in the ethnic conflict (1992–1995) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a former Yugoslav Republic with a multiethnic population consisting of Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), Serbs, and Croats. The Bosnia-Herzegovina conflict was a Non-International Armed Conflict (NIAC) which turned into an International Armed Conflict (NIAC). Factors causing conflict include ethnic and religious differences, the death of President Josip Broz Tito, the political policies of President Slobodan Milosevic, strategic areas, competition for natural and industrial resources, recognition of independence by the European Community and international organizations, and the economic crisis. International organizations that participated in ending the Bosnia-Herzegovina conflict include the UN, UNPROFOR, NATO, IFOR, SFOR, NAC, SHAPE, COMARCC, OIC, and NAM. After years of fierce fighting involving the three groups, Western countries, with the support of NATO, implemented a final ceasefire negotiated in Dayton, Ohio, USA, in 1995. This research uses qualitative research methods. Data presentation is carried out descriptively based on a comprehensive literature study from books, journals, and news to examine an event that has occurred objectively using existing theoretical approaches.
A Mathematical Approach to Optimize Security Crisis Management and Strengthen National Defense in DKI Jakarta Province
Authors: Anandari Anatansyah Ayomi , Wadjdi Achmad Farid , Harsono Gentio
Published: March 2024

This research aims to apply military mathematical models in decision making for security crisis management in DKI Jakarta Province. This research departs from the urgent need to deal with crime problems and improve regional security. Regression model is used to analyze the relationship between independent variables (Pure Participation Rate, Unemployment, Gini Index, and GRDP) and dependent variable (Criminal Risk). Historical and current data on security, education, employment, income inequality, and the economy were collected for analysis. The results show that Net Enrolment Rate and Unemployment have a negative influence on Criminal Risk, while Gini Index and GRDP have a positive influence. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to the security crisis in the region. Based on the analysis results, this study concludes that the application of military mathematical models can be an important reference for the government in addressing the crime problem and improving security in DKI Jakarta Province. The proposed recommendations are to improve access to education, reduce the unemployment rate, address income inequality, and strengthen the economic sector. The implementation of integrated policies between government agencies is also considered important to achieve optimal results in overcoming the security crisis.
May The Laugh Be with You! The Role of Humor for Combating Radicalism to Increase National Security
Authors: Sudrajat Sutra Yustica Sae , Almubaroq Hikmat Zakky , Sarjito Aris , Nano Makmur Supriyatno
Published: March 2024

This study delves into an unconventional method for combating radicalism, namely through the use of comedy or humor, with cases drawn from Indonesia and Jordan. It suggests that comedy can serve as a means of easing societal tensions and countering extremist ideologies. Utilizing a qualitative approach through literature review, the research highlights the efficacy of humor in combating extremism, particularly evidenced in the Jordanian context. This success suggests that humor could become a potent tool in the global fight against radicalism. This perspective is in line with a growing acknowledgment of the importance of non-traditional mediums, such as humor, in comprehensive strategies to combat radical ideologies, as demonstrated in a study focused on countering theTaliban. Moreover, the study identifies a lack of significant attention to the role of comedy in preventing radicalism in Indonesia. It predicts that in the future, entities such as the Indonesian Ministry of Defense and the national counter-terrorism agency may incorporate comedy or humor as a proactive measure against radicalism. The implications of this research extend to educational reforms, highlighting the need for multifaceted strategies to address the complex challenges posed by radicalism in diverse societies. The study utilizes a qualitative research method, employing a literature review approach to gather insights and evidence from existing studies and sources. It finds that comedy has been successful in combating extremism, especially in Jordan as the case. Additionally, it highlights a limited focus on the role of comedy in preventing radicalism in Indonesia.The research resulted that humor is able to become a potent weapon in the global battle against extremism. It anticipates that organizations like the Indonesian Ministry of Defense and the national counter-terrorism agency may adopt comedy as a proactive measure against early stage of radicalism in the future. Moreover, it underscores the necessity for comprehensive strategies, including educational reforms, to tackle the complexities of radicalism in varied societies.
Revolutionizing Batik: How Fintech Empowers Malang's MSMEs for Economic Growth
Authors: Nandiroh Umi , Irma Hidayati  , Puji Handayati  , Agus Hermawan
Published: March 2024

The study looks at how MSME's traditional business practices are being revolutionized by fintech, digital financial services, especially given Indonesia's burgeoning digital economy. The difficulty of MSMEs in obtaining Standard Financial Services is a major issue in this study, which has historically hindered their ability to grow and run more efficiently. Fintech solutions are becoming an important tool for small businesses because of their accessibility, cost efficiency, and simple procedures. Batik Malang MSMEs can break through financial barriers, gain access to new markets, and become more competitive by implementing fintech. Using in-depth interview techniques with owner Samtana Indonesia, one of Malang Batik entrepreneurs. The research explores a range of fintech services, including online lending platforms, digital payments, and e-commerce integration, showing how these services can promote a wider range of consumers, better financial management, and higher sales. Fintech integration improves the overall performance and sustainability of these MSMEs by enabling them to interact with the digital economy, which is not limited to a single country. The results of this case study also address the broader impact of fintech adoption on the Indonesian economy. It highlights how fintech is helping to advance financial inclusion, especially for small and medium-sized businesses, which is critical to Indonesia's economic expansion. In conclusion, the results of this study offer a thorough insight into how fintech adoption is transforming Batik Malang MSMEs, emphasizing the role of fintech adoption in increasing business productivity, expanding financial accessibility, and advancing Indonesia's overall economic growth.
Social Entrepreneurship in Indonesian Bio-Electric Therapists with a Qualitative Approach
Authors: Tsabita Khwarazmita  , Imam Mukhlis
Published: March 2024

Social entrepreneurship has the advantage of being based on a social vision and mission by solving social problems or challenges. It takes the form of social entrepreneurship carried out by social entrepreneurs. This research discusses exploring health as part of a social problem with a focus on social entrepreneurs in alternative health BE (Bio-Electric). Through in-depth interviews with five respondents as alternative health therapists in Indonesia who were selected in the East Java area. Data and information were collected through open questionnaires administered to respondents given to respondents who had the same questions as the interview. The data obtained relates to origin, education, type of entrepreneur, length of time, and type of entrepreneurship. When analyzing social therapist cases based on interview results, it was found that respondents 1) understood social entrepreneurship well, 2) they had consciously implemented this type of social entrepreneurship, 3) they explained a form of BE (Bio-Electric) therapy which did not require special skills, but still have to take training to find out more, 4) They have previous social experience relevant and not relevant to health, 5) They are very confident in their skills as therapists which apart from being able to help other people and help with social problems related to health, 6) Social experience underlies their social self-efficacy in carrying out social actions. This study investigates social entrepreneurship in alternative health therapists, with a focus on those working in the bioelectric domain. Based on their social experiences, the results show that these therapists are confident in their ability to contribute through social entrepreneurship. They possess advanced education and recognize the value of social interactions in their line of work. Because the profession is based on treatment experience and is estimated without a license, it is dubious. Involvement in religion is also proven to be essential to social entrepreneurship since it facilitates the process of social action. Although religion is sometimes disregarded in the study of entrepreneurship, its importance can strengthen the authority of studies in the area and present new challenges. According to the research, religion may boost the self-efficacy of alternative health therapists and motivate them to take social action.
Analysis of The Development Of Muzzle Brake Design on SL Rifle 41
Authors: Muhammad Alief Ramadhana  , Heri Budi Wibowo  , Robertus Heru Triharjanto  , Lutfi Adin Affandi  , Donny Haryogi Ramadhan
Published: March 2024

The research explores advancements in muzzle brake designs for lightweight rifle firearms, aiming to control recoil during firing. The SL Rifle 41 from World War II serves as a historical example, highlighting challenges such as gas escaping near the muzzle, rapid cooling, and piston fouling. The gas expansion difference between the barrel and piston poses operational issues. The firearm shooting process involves high-temperature, high-pressure propellant gas released through the muzzle brake, creating a complex 3D instability problem. The shockwave from the muzzle blast significantly impacts the muzzle brake surface. Modern SL Rifle designers seek to enhance projectile muzzle velocity and After-Action Gas Powder (AAPG) simultaneously, addressing recoil energy through opposing impulses. The research employs a literature review method, analyzing concepts, theories, and findings. The SL Rifle's operational mechanism uses a direct gas impingement system, offering simplicity but accumulating carbon particles. Muzzle brake models feature a primary body and baffles strategically designed for gas dispersion and recoil reduction. Detailed examination of brake muzzle/barrel material objects and established muzzle brake models illustrates engineering considerations, enhancing understanding of design and characteristics. The comprehensive design aims to optimize performance, durability, and shooting stability while minimizing wear associated with carbon buildup. In conclusion, the evolution of muzzle brake design contributes to enhanced firearm performance, ensuring smoother firing, reduced recoil, increased accuracy, and control. Ongoing advancements cater to diverse user needs in military, law enforcement, and civilian contexts, reflecting a commitment to improving firearm technology.
Key Factors In Character Education
Authors: Agnes Renostini Harefa  , Nathanael Sitanggang
Published: March 2024

This study successfully identified key factors in character education, involving 34 variables assumed to have a strong correlation with character values. The testing was conducted through various methods, including the Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) test, Bartlett's test, MSA, and confirmation of eigenvalues greater than 1, as well as based on the emerging factor loadings. This research uses explanatory factor analysis to identify key character factors that influence the successful implementation of character education at SMK Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli. This type of research is applied research that applies explanatory factor analysis methods. data obtained by carrying out the dissemination of quesioner to respondents, namely students of SMK State 1 Gunungsitoli of 60 students. The factor analysis results revealed that out of 43 variables, eight main factors were identified to explain the key aspects of character education. The first factor encompasses the ethics and personality of students, while the second factor involves the ethics and discipline of students. The third factor highlights the obedience and communication of students, while the fourth factor focuses on social ethics and student involvement. The fifth factor includes self-ethics and social interaction among students, while the sixth factor is related to academic ethics and the discipline of student learning. The seventh factor emphasises honesty and communication among students, and the eighth factor involves team collaboration and student participation.
Cak Nur Pluralism: Criticism Of The Phenomenon Religious Intolerance In Indonesia
Authors: Maku Hendrikusi , Tanggang Alfian , Maria Joannes George , Dopo Julio Pius Zoraida
Published: March 2024

This article discusses the phenomenon of religious intolerance in Indonesia through Cak Nur's perspective of pluralism. Pluralism, which is the main framework of this article, is the basis for revealing the complexity of the challenges faced by Indonesian society in understanding and appreciating religious pluralism. Cak Nur, a contemporary Islamic thinker and intellectual, provides a rich perspective on religious diversity and the importance of tolerance in religious dialogue. This article aims to highlight a number of factors that influence the emergence of intolerance in Indonesia. In this article the author uses a qualitative method, namely exploring and studying themes that are relevant to the theme of this article. Even though this country is rich in religious diversity, some groups still experience inequality and there are still tensions between religions. Within the framework of Cak Nur's pluralism, this article presents solutions based on dialogue and education from the perspective of Islamic teachings to overcome misunderstandings about the nature of religious diversity. This analysis also includes the role of social media, especially the Instagram account @jaringangusdurian in shaping public opinion regarding religious tolerance. By understanding Cak Nur's views, this article invites readers to understand and reflect on how Indonesian society can form a shared awareness of the values of pluralism, so that acts of intolerance in the name of religion no longer occur in the archipelago. This article uses Cak Nur's inclusive approach as a key step to reduce tensions and build a solid foundation for religious discourse.
The Impact Of Student Learning Independence On The Learning Outcomes Of Class X Students of SMK Al-Bukhori Rantauprapat
Authors: Amin Harahap
Published: March 2024

The benchmark in determining the level of success of students in knowing and understanding a lesson is one of them with learning outcomes. Each student has different characteristics and learning spirit. Someone with independence learns more initiative and does not depend on others to solve the problems they face. In this study aims to examine the effect of learning independence on the learning outcomes of mathematics students in Class XI vocational school students. The study was conducted by survey method in one of the private vocational schools in Sleman Regency. This study examines the relationship between student learning independence and student learning outcomes. After testing the hypothesis shows that there is an influence between the independence of student learning on student math learning outcomes. The magnitude of the effect of student independence on student learning outcomes is 74% and 26% influenced by other variables.
Restorative Justice Approach To Victimless Crime
Authors: Toni Kasmiri  , I Nyoman Nurjaya  , Priya Djatmika
Published: March 2024

Restorative Justice (RJ) involves the victim, perpetrator, victim/perpetrator's family and other parties that are resolved out of court. The parties, namely the perpetrator's family and the victim's family, agreed to resolve the problem by providing compensation. The crime of drug abuse has no victims or a victimless crime. Handling drug abuse, there is a common view and perception of law enforcers from the BNN, Police, Attorney General's Office and District Court, as victims and not criminals. In fact, there are still many law enforcement officials who treat drug users and abusers as criminals and not as victims. The existence of these differences in perception, makes the existence of confusion in handling using the RJ approach. The research uses normative juridical methods. The results of the research concluded that: There needs to be a guarantee of legal certainty in the handling of narcotics abusers, in the form of guidelines in the form of cooperation between the Supreme Court, the Attorney General's Office and the Police as law enforcers so that there is a common perception. The guidelines for handling narcotics abuse in handling RJ are expected to be a solution to the situation of prisons in Indonesia which are over capacity, with the rehabilitation of addicts expected to be free from dependence and for the community not to be restless.
Evaluation of Biomass Energy Policy Implementation in Indonesia to National Defense Support
Authors: Putri Azmi Millatie  , Rahmat Hidayat  , Suyono Thamrin  , Lailatul Fajriyah
Published: March 2024

Biomass energy is recognized as having strategic potential in overcoming energy security challenges and its participation to reduce the impact of environmental problems. The research-purpose is to evaluate how implementing a biomass energy policy can support national defense and sustainability. Through the framework of the literature, this study describes the concept of biomass energy and examines its relation to national defense. Energy policy analysis and reversed with energy security in Indonesia are also obtained from the reflection of the literature. The results show that biomass energy can strengthen the security of a country's energy supply by diversifying energy sources and reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels. This will support the operational defense system in dealing with fluctuations in energy prices and supplies. The implementation of biomass energy also has the potential to increase national energy independence, reduce the risk of energy supply disruptions, and strengthen national resilience. Utilization of biomass energy also contributes to improving climate change and negative environmental impacts. With the right technology, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved, supporting environmental sustainability goals and securing the future of national defense
Investment Dynamics in the Indonesian Defense Industry: A Literature Study Analysis
Authors: Susan Cintia Damanik  , Herlina Tarigan  , Ari Pitoyo Sumarno  , Hikmat Zakky Almubaroq
Published: March 2024

In the realm of national security and sovereignty, Indonesia’s defense industry serves as a cornerstone, with its investment dynamics playing a significant role. This study offers a detailed analysis of these dynamics over the past decade, employing a comprehensive literature review methodology. It synthesizes information from a range of primary and secondary sources to unveil complex investment patterns, challenges faced by the industry, and the potential for growth and advancement. Scrutinizing the multifaceted factors that drive investment decisions, this study uncovers how geopolitical, economic, and security considerations, both globally and regionally, have influenced the industry. A notable finding is the strong correlation between an uptick in investments and advancements in technological innovation and industry autonomy. Despite positive developments, the study highlights ongoing challenges like stringent regulatory frameworks, a need for greater transparency, and the urgency of improving sector efficiency. A shift towards a more independent and technologically advanced defense industry in Indonesia is discernible, spurred by strategic investments. The study also sheds light on the pivotal role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in enhancing technological capabilities and catalyzing the growth of local industries via collaborative ventures. In terms of policy, the paper advocates for reformative strategies that reconcile national interests with the necessity of global economic integration. It suggests a suite of policy recommendations designed to promote a conducive investment environment, encouraging private sector involvement and international cooperation in alignment with Indonesia’s defense objectives. The conclusion asserts the feasibility of a sustainable and burgeoning defense industry through strategic and informed investment approaches. It calls for continued research and open dialogue among policymakers, industry players, and academics to effectively navigate the investment landscape of Indonesia’s defense sector, ensuring its alignment with broader economic goals.
Review Of Vo2max Volleyball Athletes Club Rekita Vc Dikoto Gasib Kabupaten Siak
Authors: Mariana Tiurmaida  , Oki Candra
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research was to examine the VO2 Max abilities of Rekita VC Club volleyball athletes in Koto Gasib, Kabupaten Siak. Based on the results of observations made on Rekita VC Club volleyball athletes in Koto Gasib, Kabupaten Siak, it was found that several problems arose, on average the athletes had unstable endurance when playing volleyball. This situation is influenced by a lack of time for physical training and a lack of seriousness when doing physical training and being too focused on having fun matches or sparring partners between clubs. Seeing the progress during their training, some athletes have unstable endurance and are less diligent in carrying out physical training so that the athlete's physical condition is still not perfect. The test used in this research was the bleep test to see VO2 Max abilities . The sample in this study was 11 people. From the results of tests carried out on Rekita VC Club volleyball athletes in Koto Gasib, Kabupaten Siak, results were obtained in the " Good " category.
Review Of Basic Techniques In Club Volleyball, Pekanbaru City Transportation Office
Authors: Hermit Zalukhu  , Oki Candra
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this research is to see the basic technical skills of volleyball Pekanbaru City Transportation Department club. Based on the results of observations made at the Pekanbaru City Transportation Service club, several problems were found, including passing due to the ball being hit on the finger incorrectly, errors occurring in serving, not following the rules that have been explained so that the ball being served does not reach the opponent's court. or less than optimal, when smashing, the strength of the arm muscles and handling of the ball when smashing is less accurate, and the player's discipline must be improved in carrying out training more seriously and following all the rules. The tests used in this research used the under serve, under pass and smash tests in volleyball. The sample in this study was 12 people. From the results of tests carried out on volleyball athletes from the Pekanbaru City Transportation Service club, results were obtained in the " Good " category
Student Motivation In Class VII Educational Learning At Smp Negeri 10 Pekanbaru
Authors: Ridwan Nasution  , Oki Candra
Published: March 2024

This research aims to determine the level of student motivation in Physical Education Class VII learning at State Junior High School 10 Pekanbaru. This research is quantitative research, the method used is a descriptive method with a survey type. The population in this study was class VII students at Pekanbaru 10 State Middle School, totaling 279 students. The sampling technique uses total sampling technique. The instrument used in this research used a Likert scale or questionnaire method which was distributed to respondents. Based on research results, Student Motivation in Class VII Physical Education Learning is classified as Very High, this can be seen in the percentage results of 83% which are in the assessment range of 81%-100% with Very High criteria .
Corporate Criminal Liability As An Insurance Crime Perpetrator Based On Law Number 1 Of 2023 On Criminal Law
Authors: Rusli Rusli  , Firman Halawa
Published: March 2024

The Insurance Law and the Indonesian Penal Code regulate criminal acts such as fraud during agreements and insurance claims. However, prior to Law No. 1 of 2023, criminal liability applied only to individuals, not corporations. This specific law establishes corporate criminal liability in insurance matters, enabling prosecution against corporations and their executives. Cumulative criminal threats are challenging to impose on corporations as they apply to executives, not the corporation itself. This study is a normative legal investigation exploring regulations, principles, and legal norms, aiming to accurately comprehend corporate criminal liability in the insurance field in Indonesia. Insurance crimes in Indonesia before the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023, such as fraud during agreements and claims, were governed by Articles 381 and 382 of the Penal Code. Insurance Law No. 40 of 2014 covers ten articles encompassing insurance crimes, including operating without a license, document forgery, and misuse of confidential information. Articles 45-50 of Law No. 1 of 2023 establish corporations as subjects of criminal acts in insurance. Penal sanctions include fines and additional penalties, focusing on impact assessment and losses, governing a specific accountability system within insurance-related criminal acts.
Outsourcing Employee Recruitment And Selection Process
Authors: Kania Laelawati  , Imas Komariyah
Published: March 2024

The impact of the recruitment and selection procedure on the performance of outsourced employees at Paskal Hyper Square Bandung has been studied. According to the findings of the study, the recruiting and selection processes have a favorable and significant effect on the performance of outsourced employees at Paskal Hyper Square Bandung, with recruitment being the most influential variable. Recruitment variables have a favorable and significant impact on outsourced employees' performance at Paskal Hyper Square Bandung
Analysis of Japanese Defeats at The Battle of Midway in 1942
Authors: A. Fauzan  , Rudi Sutanto  , Ansori Zaini
Published: March 2024

After achieving success in the attack on the Navy base at Pearl Harbor on December 7h 1941, the Japanese Empire felt that it had still not completed its goal of crippling the strength of the United States Navy in the Pacific region. This was because the United States and its allies were considered to be a serious threat to Japan's ambitions to dominate Greater Asia. This was done as a continuation of Japan's plan to attack the base and its fleet of warships and fighter planes at Athol Midway. This was preceded by strategic efforts and deceptive tactics to create threatening conditions on the Aleutian islands, it was hoped that this would lead the United States to be trapped in the area, and then they would be attacked by the Japanese Navy fleet in full force. However, what happened was just the opposite, the naval battle at Midway on June 4-7th 1942 resulted in huge defeats and losses for the Japanese Empire, where four aircraft carriers, fighter planes, and several warships were sunk, as well as many crew members and pilots. who died. Meanwhile, on the United States side, an aircraft carrier and several warships were sunk and damaged and many soldiers died. The purpose of writing this article is to use the history of the naval battle at Midway as a very valuable lesson in developing war strategy planning, especially in maritime defense strategies, which can be applied by the Indonesian Navy in the present and the future. The research method used is a qualitative method with a literature approach regarding the history of naval battles in general, including the battle at Midway. Meanwhile, the output of this article is addressed to the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia as input regarding the importance of a mature strategy in the National Defense Strategy at sea