bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of female leadership in corporate governance
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Izmailova Marina A. , Korneva Evgenia Yu. ,   Russian Register – Baltic Inspection in Moscow, Tsurkan Marina V. ,   Tver State University
Published: November 2023

Introduction: in recent years, the scientific community has been involved into discussing the role and place of women in leadership positions, which results in drawing conclusions about the high potential of female leadership. In the corporate sector, compliance with the principle of gender equality is one of the ESG agenda issues, where the G-component requires equal participation of women in the top management of corporate structures. Objectives: analysis of the corporate governance gender aspect based on the identification of the female leadership evolution and modern approaches to female participation in the company management. Methods: system and comparative analysis, logical, conceptual-methodological, statistical methods. Results: the legislatively fixed advantage of female entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Russia in comparison with European countries has been determined. A lower proportion of women in the CEOs of the largest Russian companies has been proven. Barriers to women’s managerial growth have been identified, the main reason being a stable stereotype of the “male” image of a leader in the public consciousness. Experimental data confirming that in appointing the company head at a crisis time the preference is given to a woman. Systematization of approaches to understanding leadership models allowed to structure leadership by levels of its development; as a result of the comparative analysis of “male” and “female” types of leadership, distinctive gender qualities have been identified that prove the pronounced leadership orientation of women. Conclusions: the success of female managers is determined by a set of true “feminine” qualities, which in the modern corporate environment are of particular value when building relationships with stakeholders. Awareness of the high potential of female leadership enabling the company’s economic success pushes the management to develop solutions aimed at developing women’s managerial abilities and promoting their career advancement.
Ethnic movements selfdetermination dynamics in post-Soviet states (the cases of Azerbaijan and Georgia)
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Humanitarian Studies of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vitkovskaya Tatyana B. , Nazukina Mariya V. ,   Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Humanitarian Studies of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2023

Introduction: the modern world includes a variety of self-determination movements, many of which have grown into large-scale political-territorial conflicts that continue to this day. The post-Soviet countries provide illustrative examples of this kind of movements. Objectives: to identify variability in the development trajectories of self-determination movements in Georgia and Azerbaijan. Methods: case-study, comparable-case method: five movements advocating self-determination of ethnic groups are analysed (three movements define themselves in interaction with the Georgian state, two – with the Azerbaijani one). Results: the research has revealed that the basis of self-determination movements is ethnic identity. Three cases have been identified to demonstrate similar dynamics: the Karabakh, Abkhaz and South Ossetian movements are involved in a recurring conflict for self-determination and are examples of successful movements. Two cases – the Adjarian and Talysh movements showed a decline in dynamics and a gradual extinction. Conclusions: the period of high activity and success in self-determination was the first half of the 1990s, when Azerbaijan and Georgia were going through systemic transformations and the formation of their own statehood. Further, their intentions to restore governability and maintain territorial integrity clashed with the will of movements for self-determination and self-government. Support from Russia or a kin-state of an ethnic minority also affects the dynamics of the confrontation. The development trajectory of the movements is determined by the dynamic balance of opposing forces.
Modelos y estrategias de abordaje de los consumos problemáticos en tiempos de Covid-19
Authors: Baglione M. Florencia
Published: November 2023

El advenimiento de la pandemia Covid-19 y las medidas sociosanitarias empleadas por el gobierno argentino desde el 20 de marzo del 2020, ha exigido una rápida adaptación por parte de los diversos dispositivos de abordaje de los consumos problemáticos. Debido a ello, los protocolos basados en el aislamiento y distanciamiento social se constituyeron en los pilares sobre los que se comenzaron a delinear nuevas formas de intervención individual o grupal. En este sentido, el presente artículo tuvo como finalidad poder reconstruir y comparar la experiencia vivenciada por seis referentes del conurbano bonaerense, otorgando énfasis a los desafíos, líneas de acción y modalidades de abordaje adoptadas. Para ello, se empleó una metodología cualitativa cuyo alcance fue descriptivo-explicativo. Los principales resultados dieron cuenta de que las estrategias empleadas por los dispositivos de abordaje fueron principalmente el cese o la limitación de los encuentros presenciales y la adopción de tecnologías como estrategia viable para sostener el vínculo. Empero, estas acciones generaron respuestas y desafíos heterogéneos. Por un lado, hay quienes contaban con los recursos, el tiempo y espacio personal para sostener los encuentros virtuales; pero, por otro lado, hubo personas para quienes esta nueva modalidad representaba una barrera de acceso ya sea por la falta de recursos (celular, internet, saldo) como por la imposibilidad de tener un lugar privado para hablar con libertad. Frente a esta situación, los equipos fueron rediseñando y planificando intervenciones con base en las necesidades de las personas que transitaban dichos espacios; para ello, fue crucial la construcción de redes institucionales. En este sentido, es necesario profundizar sobre las experiencias y los diferentes desafíos que la pandemia ha generado e identificar nuevas líneas de acción, con la finalidad de reforzar y recuperar el vínculo con las personas en situación de consumo y la misma comunidad.
Investigation of Preservice Science Teachers’ Scientific Literacy Skills in terms of Academic Achievement, University Entrance Exam Scores and Grade Level
Authors: TURGUT Halil , ŞENTÜRK Merve Lütfiye
Published: November 2023

The first aim of this research is to investigate preservice science teachers’ scientific literacy skills in terms of university entrance exam scores, academic achievement average scores, grade levels and academic achievement levels. And the second one is to determine the predictive power of university entrance exam scores and academic achievement average scores on scientific literacy skills. In line with these listed aims of the research, this study was carried out in survey design of the quantitative paradigm. 154 preservice science teachers constituted the participants of this research. The participants’ skills scores were obtained with “Scientific Literacy Skills Test” and the research hypotheses were tested statistically. Results revealed that participants’ scientific literacy skills differed in favor of upper classes, there was significant but low relationship between their skills and academic achievement average scores. In addition, it was found that participants’ university entrance exam scores did not significantly predict their skills, academic achievement average scores significantly predicted their skills but at a low rate (7%) and there was no significant relationship between their university entrance exam scores and skills. In line with these results, suggestions were made regarding the revision of universities' science teaching programs with the object to advance preservice science teachers' scientific literacy skills.
Resource 3: SSC Collection Optics and Calibration v1
Authors: A Welsh Joshua , Jones Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Flow cytometry (FCM) is a common extracellular particles (EPs), including viruses and extracellular vesicles (EVs), characterization method. Frameworks such as MIFlowCyt-EV exist to provide reporting guidelines for metadata, controls, and data reporting. However, tools to optimize FCM for EP analysis in a systematic and quantitative way are lacking. Here, we demonstrate a cohesive set of methods and software tools that optimize FCM settings and facilitate cross-platform comparisons for EP studies. We introduce an automated small particle optimization (SPOT) pipeline to optimize FCM fluorescence and light scatter detector settings for EP analysis and leverage quantitative FCM (qFCM) as a tool to further enable FCM optimization of fluorophore panel selection, laser power, pulse statistics, and window extensions. Finally, we demonstrate the value of qFCM to facilitate standardized cross-platform comparisons, irrespective of instrument configuration, settings, and sensitivity in a cross-platform standardization study utilizing a commercially available EV reference material.
Intrinsic water use efficiency estimate: an isotopic method v1
Authors: Gerle Flavie
Published: November 2023

Protocol summary and key stepsThis protocol describes in detail how to calculate the intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) from 13C measurements in phloem samples collected at breast height in trees. Basically, the isotopic signature of photosynthetized carbohydrates (13C/12C) in the phloem sap inform on the assimilation condition: a higher (13C/12C) is associated with a lower transpiration rate, increasing heavy isotope (13C) use by the plant (Dawson et al. 2002). A higher 13C/12C in the phloem content reflect a higher proportion of assimilated C compared to transpiration rate, in other words, a higher WUEi. The method described here is based on the isotopic discrimination of δ13C in trees and considers ecophysiological processes of stomatal and mesophyll conductance (gs and gm, respectively). The protocol aims to provide the operator with a step-by-step method from the collection of phloem samples in the field to thefinal calculation. The protocol is already described in the scientific literature (Klein et al. 2016; Seibt et al. 2008; Vernay et al. 2020) but this document addresses more practical and technical details that a practitioner might expect. WUE (water use efficiency) corresponds to plant productivity or the productivity of an organ of the plant regarding the amount of water used to produce this fresh matter (Théroux Rancourt 2014). At an individual scale, WUE considers a ratio of the biomass produced compared to the amount of water used to produce this biomass. At the leaf level, WUEi (intrinsic WUE) determines the ratio of CO2 assimilation per amount of water transpired and can take into account the micro-environment of the leaf, by considering gs/gm to be more precise (Vialet-Chabrand 2013).
FTIR v1
Authors: Röntgen Alexander
Published: November 2023

Protein FTIR protocol.
Consideration of the information needs of pregnant women with elective caesarean section in antenatal classes – a qualitative study from the perspective of midwives v1
Authors: Jaax Sandra
Published: November 2023

Background: Qualitative studies show that pregnant women often feel inadequately prepared for a caesarean section (CS) in antenatal classes. To date, no data have been published in Germany on the attendance of antenatal classes by women with elective CS, nor are the reasons for their attendance or non-attendance known. Antenatal classes offer pregnant women a lot of valuable information beyond the topic of vaginal birth, therefore they are also important for pregnant women with elective CS. The study will explore the demand for antenatal classes among pregnant women with elective CS from the midwives perspective, along with factors that either hinder or promote their attendance. Additionally, the study aims to assess the information needs of pregnant women with elective CS in antenatal classes from the midwives' perspective and how these information needs could be addressed better in antenatal classes as well as the extent to which (elective) CS is covered in antenatal classes. Methods: The study population consists of midwives who practice in Germany, currently provide antenatal classes and are experienced in giving antenatal classes. In their antenatal classes, they should have experience with pregnant women withelective CS, if possible. The study will be conducted as semi-structured expert interviews and the data will be evaluated using Mayring’s qualitative content analysis. Discussion: This study is an opportunity to gain a comprehensive picture from the midwives’ perspective. It will be complemented by a mixed-methods study exploring the topic from the perspective of pregnant women with elective CS. The midwives’ perspective allows for an overarching perspective including whether suggestions for improvement can be implemented. A possible selection bias in the study population may limit the results. Midwives who value CS education are more likely to participate in the study than those who do not. Ethics: Ethical approval for the study was obtained by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University of Witten/Herdecke. Results will be published in a relevant scientific journal and communicated to interested participants (when demanded). Ethical approval date: October 04, 2023Estimated start of the study: October 2023Detailed information on our protocol can be found in the attached PDF file.
SUSTAINABLE LEADERSHIP PRACTICES AMONG SCHOOLS PRINCIPALS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH TEACHER COMMITMENT IN MALAYSIA RURAL SCHOOL
Authors: Abdul Rahim Muhammad Hasrizal , Mohd Hamzah Mohd Izham , A. Hamid Aida Hanim
Published: November 2023

Through sustainable leadership practices school are able to maintain their missions and goals in facing difficulties and challenges. Such a practice enhances teacher commitment, especially in shaping a better school working environment in achieving the organization goals. Past studies have found a significant link between sustainable leadership practices and the teacher commitment. However, there has been little discussion about the phenomenal relationship in rural National Secondary School context. Hence, this study surveyed the level of sustainable leadership practices among school principals and the teacher commitment in SMK in rural part of Malaysia. It also investigated whether there is a relationship between both variables. Using proportionate random sampling, 450 teachers represented the sample. Due of the COVID-19 epidemic and the research population's remote location, data were collected via mail. The findings revealed that principals had a high level of sustainable leadership practises (M = 4.18, SD = 0.52) as well as a very high degree of teacher commitment (M = 4.33, SD = 0.45). Teacher commitment was also positively connected with sustainable leadership practises (r = 0.503, p 0.05). The Ministry of Education Malaysia can apply these findings to improve sustainable leadership practises in the National Education Principals Professional Qualifications, which are intended exclusively for future Malaysian school principals. In this perspective, it is hoped that these findings will contribute to the body of knowledge on sustainable leadership practises and teacher commitment.
Dependency and Social Recognition of Online Platform Workers: Evidence From a Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Klaus Dominik , Haas Barbara , Lamura Maddalena
Published: November 2023

This article is about those who need or want to make a living from working on online platforms. Moreover, questions of financial dependence are related to why this work is done and what social recognition the workers expect from it. Our mixed‐methods approach captures this heterogeneous field of online platform work by dividing it into three categories: (a) microwork, (b) mesowork, and (c) macrowork. Microwork involves offering short, repetitive tasks to an anonymous crowd, such as human intelligence tasks. Macrowork consists of market‐based freelance platforms offering highly skilled professionals complex and more extensive tasks. In between, mesowork covers platforms offering specialized tasks such as software testing or content creation. While income opportunities and working conditions vary widely between these platforms, common features include self‐employment and the ability to work from anywhere. Quantitative results show that only for a few highly skilled workers does income from platform work account for a crucial share of their household income. Surprisingly, workers’ household incomes do not differ by skill level. Qualitative results complement this picture by giving us a more contextual understanding of the significant variation among workers. We find cases in which monetary remuneration is not the only reason for doing platform work. So, despite all the criticism of precarious working conditions, platform work does have some positive aspects and can also hold the potential for the social inclusion of people who cannot participate in traditional labor markets. This article contributes to these discussions by providing workers’ perspectives on the risks and challenges of online platform work, acknowledging their different living situations, socioeconomic status, and health issues.
ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY OF THE EU IN THE ARCTIC REGION
Authors:   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Mykolaiv, Ukraine, Habro Irina , Shevchuk Oleksandr ,   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the environmental diplomacy of the European Union in the Arctic. Through its evolution, EU Arctic policy has established the view that the Arctic is a region of increasing importance and that the Union must continue to increase its contribution and assistance to sustainable development, mitigation and adaptation to climate change in a responsible manner. sphere The Arctic is rich in natural resources that will increase in political and economic importance in the coming years. With its enormous market power and strong authority on climate policy, it is not surprising that the EU wants to strengthen its authority in the Arctic region. In its new Arctic Strategy 2021, the EU sees the Arctic as a region of peaceful cooperation with the need to slow down the effects of climate change and support sustainable development for the benefit of Arctic communities. The EU has its own interests in the Arctic, but also sees its intervention as a geopolitical power in the region as a necessary step to ensure global environmental security. The Arctic is in a geopolitical transition from a zone of “exception” where there was no geopolitical conflict to a disputed territory that is on the agenda of such great powers as Russia, the USA, the EU and even China. Great powers see the economic potential of the region and seek to become Arctic actors in order to compete in the struggle for natural resources hidden under the Arctic soil. China and Russia are aware of the economic potential of the Arctic, including new trade routes and natural resources. While the EU is also interested in this, the EU calls for a values-based approach, respecting the rule of law and is willing to cooperate with the Arctic Council and NATO. The importance of the Arctic region will only grow, especially after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, from climate security to increased militarization and politics of great powers. The deterioration of economic and political relations between Russia and the West has shown that the Arctic is no longer an “exceptional” region. Increasing militarization, territorial claims, and competition for resources are among the many burdens of the Arctic region. This is the return of great power politics to the Far North. The crises unfolding in the European Arctic will test the EU’s ability and willingness to respond to challenges
Experimental Study on Strength Properties of Triple Blended Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: V. Murugesh  , R. Thangaraj  , V. Venugopalan  , Manju k  , G.S. Hari  , M. Jawahar
Published: November 2023

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowing concrete mixture that can self-consolidate under its own weight, and it is one of the most significant advancements in concrete technology in the recent decade. SCC's very fluid character makes it ideal for use in challenging situations and in sections with crowded reinforcing. SCC, which was initially created in the late 1980s, has since expanded around the world, with an ever-growing variety of applications. Because of its unique features, SCC has the potential to significantly improve the quality of concrete buildings while also opening up new areas for concrete use. The addition of treated and untreated industrial byproducts, raw materials, and home wastes to SCC is becoming increasingly popular as a way to make it more durable and cost effective. This not only allows waste materials to be reused, but it also results in a eco-friendly environment. The Strength Characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete were determined by an experimental investigation (SCC). The goal of this research is to see how Fly Ash (FA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), and Silica Fume (SF) can be used as cement substitutes and what influence they have on the fresh and hardened qualities of concrete. The investigation involves the notion of using a triple blend of Fly ash, GGBS, and Silica Fume to produce better concrete. This triple blend takes use of the favorable properties of Pozzolanic materials.
Chinese Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation on Personal Information Protection (Part 1)
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Cao Yijun
Published: November 2023

The Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as Personal Information Law) has been officially implemented on November 1, 2021. The birth of this law embodies the idea of people-centered development and provides Chinese experience and solutions for the personal information protection problems faced by international society. This article focuses on the development of Chinese personal information law and explains the legislative purpose of Personal Information Law to further show seven highlights and two characteristics of it. Also, it puts emphasis on introducing Chinese procuratorial public interest litigation on personal information protection and points out the shortcomings of this existing system with a view to perfecting and developing the system value maximally.
High-tech Medical Services: National and international aspects
Authors: Ishchenko N. S.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the issues of reproductive technologies, both at the national and international level; positive and negative aspects of activities in this area. Various limitations in the field under consideration (for example, the choice of gender), factors affecting the quality, level of health and life expectancy of a person are considered. The possibility of reconfiguration of traditional kinship position sin the course of biotechnological lymediated childbearing is noted. From the authors’ point of view, possible solutions are proposed, including legislative ones that can transform the situation under consideration in a positive way.
俄罗斯竞争法制的现代转型与新发展
Authors: Wang Haijun
Published: November 2023

俄罗斯竞争法制始于1908年，以美国的《谢尔曼法》为基础来设计反垄断法制，并出现了 规范竞争关系的规则。俄罗斯在1965年通过加入《保护工业产权巴黎公约》，规定防止不公平竞 争的规则，但是苏联经济具有行政指挥性质，没有真正的竞争。随着戈尔巴乔夫改革，苏联国内 经济发展指导思想发生了变化，国内经济发展也带来了对竞争规制的紧迫感，并在竞争法领域得 到体现，出现了将竞争视为法律的直接目标的法规。1991年3月22日，《商品市场竞争和限制垄 断活动法》通过，成为了俄罗斯竞争法发展的重要阶段，这部法律也被认为是第一部为规范市 场行为者的活动奠定基础的法律。苏联解体后，在经济领域，俄罗斯明确提出以市场经济为取 向，迅速实行由计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转轨，这同时也导致了诸多不合法的竞争和垄 断行为的出现，也催生了新的竞争政策和法制的产生。1993年《俄罗斯联邦宪法》确立了规范竞 争的法律起点，为制定竞争法奠定了宪法基础。1994年《俄罗斯联邦民法典》的通过，竞争法的 发展进入了一个新阶段，禁止利用公民权利限制竞争和滥用市场支配地位，不公平竞争产生的义 务适用于市场受这种竞争影响。由于宪法和民法的颁布，俄罗斯联邦进一步修订《商品市场竞争 和限制垄断活动法》及相关法律，对不公平竞争的立法描述出现在《商品市场竞争和限制垄断活 动法》中，在自然垄断的情况下经营的商品市场受专门法律管辖。1998年金融危机后，俄罗斯认 识到反垄断政策既可以促进也可以阻碍经济政策的执行有效性，因此经济政策的方向和方法发生 了变化，竞争法也开始在新的监管领域发展起来。在整合《商品市场竞争及限制垄断行为法》和 《金融市场保护法》的基础上，于2006年7月26日通过了一项具有里程碑意义的联邦法律---《俄 罗斯联邦保护竞争法》，实现了对商品市场和金融市场的统一监管，并形成了以《俄罗斯联邦保 护竞争法》为核心的竞争法体系。后续通过相关法律的出台和配合，共同形成了一个较为系统和 完整的竞争法律体系，并且也在不断完善过程中进行制度的自我更新，不仅体现在完善这一领域 的法律法规、政策方面上，而且要体现在保护竞争的习惯规则方面，最终形成竞争法渊源的多元 化模式。随着国际经济形势变化、“一带一路”倡议和俄罗斯国内经济的变化，俄罗斯国内竞争 形势促使了竞争法制不断完善和更新，并在修订立法、更新制度、政策推新等方面出现了新的发 展，进一步完善持续推动俄罗斯市场经济的健康发展。
The Effect Of Grain Prices On Food Inflation: A Forward-Looking Evaluation Among The Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Authors: Türkoğlu Musa , Durgun Ayşe
Published: November 2023

The present study investigates how grain prices have been affecting food inflation in the wake of the recent pandemic and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. This study examines the effects on inflation of the limitations on exports of wheat, barley and corn products by Russia and Ukraine on the food inflation in Asia and North Africa by using cointegration test. Drawing upon monthly data from the 2000:01–2020:08 period, the study reveals that the food price index and grain prices in both Asia and North Africa are cointegrated in the long term, and that in both country groups wheat price increases in particular are triggering an increase in food prices.
COVID-19 and the Principles of Economics
Authors: Spatt Chester
Published: November 2023

Several fundamental principles in economics help enhance our understanding of COVID-19, including opacity and externalities. COVID-19 is a contagious disease whose spread has been difficult to manage due to opacity, as the disease is contagious prior to the presence of symptoms and in some instances testing results for the disease require a considerable time lag before they become available. This highlights the importance of alternative testing strategies to limit the extent of opacity and to manage the costs associated with accurate testing. In addition to individual tests, such strategies would include testing employees in small groups and testing for concentration of the disease in wastewater. Diminishing returns to scale, depreciation, and shocks to the underlying disease also all play an important role in understanding the effectiveness of vaccines. Externalities are central to the mechanism for transmitting contagious diseases. The strength of the externality can be reduced potentially by various preventive measures such as social distancing and masking, though quantitative studies of the efficacy of such measures can be enhanced. Further, efforts to undertake randomized trial studies of various questions related to vaccines and prevention would be helpful, especially in light of the magnitude of economic costs that have been imposed by contagious disease, such as COVID-19. COVID-19 and other contagious diseases also have had considerable effects on the structure of the economy. This has resulted in great development of technologies to support online meetings and work and the ability to work remotely, which in turn highlights dramatic challenges to the five-day work week, the potential for stay-at-home work, the relationship between residential and office real estate and the value of contractual flexibility in the face of dramatic shocks. Some of the effects arise during the period of acute societal disease, while other aspects reflect long-term learning. The nature of societal shocks to work and income generation also has led to important questions regarding the use of societal resources and potential shocks to the overall macroeconomy.
Pharmacognostic study of zingiberofficinale
Authors: SG Ambre , VS Gaikar , MN Sharmale , PB Mhaske , PL Phalke
Published: November 2023

Ginger is scientifically known as Zingiber officinale. Zingiber officinale {ginger} widely used in pharmaceutical approach. 6-shogaol, 6-paradol,6-gingerole,zerumbone and zingerole are some active ingredients available in ginger. Ginger has been used commonly to treat diarrhea, indigestion, nausea, heart burn, cough, bronchitis, asthma, diabetes and menstrual irregularities. It consist of 80% moisture, 2% protein, 2% fiber, 1% mineral, 0.9% fat, 12% carbohydrate, volatile oil 1.9%. Volatile oil in ginger contain a-Pinene, camphene, o-Phellandrene, zingiberene, o-bisabolene, geranial.

Ginger mostly preferred warm, humid climate for cultivation. It can be grown both under rain fed and irrigated conditions. Ayurveda literature preferred administration of ginger in both of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Overview of brain cancer, its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Barkade Ganesh D. , Bhosale Pranjal S. , Shirsath Sakshi K.
Published: November 2023

Brain cancer, also known as intracranial neoplasms, represents a group of malignant tumors that originate within the brain or its surrounding tissues. This article provides overview of brain cancer, focusing on its epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities. The epidemiological data highlights the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors associated with brain cancer, emphasizing the importance of early detection and monitoring. Brain tumors are intracranial tumours that occupy skull space. Brain tumors are a relatively rare but lethal malignancy that presents difficulties in determining risk factors in the community. Because of their protected location in the brain, these tumors are intrinsically difficult to cure, with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy therapies possibly resulting in long-term morbidity for patients and inadequate tumor cure. Because the space inside the skull is limited, brain tumors are dangerous because their growth raises intracranial pressure and can induce edema, restricted blood flow, and displacement, with subsequent degeneration, of healthy tissue that regulates important processes. In fact, brain tumors are the second largest cause of cancer fatalities in children and young people. Methods of prevention are being developed.
Chapters 8–9 from the Book “Wars, Revolutions, Dictatorships: Studies of Historical and Contemporary Problems from a Comparative Viewpoint”
Authors: Andresky S.
Published: November 2023

The journal «Political Conceptology» publishes a translation of the eighth and ninth chapters of Stanislav Andreski's book «Wars, Revolutions, Dictatorships: Studies of Historical and Contemporary Problems from a Comparative Viewpoint», published in 1992 by publishing house Frank Cass.
Patterns of Glomerular Disease at a Large Urban Public Hospital in South Africa- Impact of HIV Infection
Authors: Yvette Lazarus , Malcolm Davies , Mitan Nana , Graham Paget
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Glomerular disease is an important cause of renal failure. We sought to describe the patterns of glomerular disease in patients undergoing native kidney biopsy at a large urban public hospital in South Africa during the period 2001–2010.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all native kidney biopsies undertaken during the study period. We further characterised and compared clinical, laboratory and demographic data between glomerular pathologies.

Results

The majority of patients undergoing biopsy were young (median age 34 years) and of Black African descent (83%). Proteinuria was the most common indication for biopsy. Secondary glomerular disease was more common than primary glomerular disease. HIV-associated glomerular diseases were the most common secondary glomerulopathies Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most frequent primary glomerulopathy. Minimal change nephropathy (MCN) was more frequent in younger patients and membranous nephropathy (MN) more common in older patients. Renal function was poorer in FSGS and membranoproliferative glomerular disease.

Conclusions

HIV is an important contributor to the high rates of secondary glomerular disease. Primary glomerulopathy demonstrates geographic variation in South Africa with FSGS being dominant in Johannesburg. Although clinical parameters may suggest underlying glomerulopathy, an accurate diagnosis to facilitate directed treatment and prevent progression to renal failure requires a renal biopsy.
Risk Factors of Inguinal Hernia in Urban South Africa
Authors: Domingo Aimee , Molewa Cynthia , Nel Marietha
Published: November 2023

Background:

One million inguinal hernia repairs are performed annually in the USA. Although there are reports on the prevalence of inguinal hernias from sub-Sahara Africa, similar reports and guidelines are lacking for the South African population. The aim of this study was to address the epidemiology of inguinal hernias in a South African population.

Methods:

A retrospective review of all adult patients admitted with inguinal hernias to a public health facility in Johannesburg, was performed using a retrospective review of hospital patient records from August 2019 to May 2020. The patient records were analysed to identify the risk factors associated with inguinal hernias in this population.

Results:

Of the 125 patients, 91 were male (73%, mean age 50) and 34 were female (27%, mean age 47). Eighty-seven patients self-identified as Black African, 31 as White, four as Indian and three as mixed race. The right side predominated. Twenty patients had bilateral hernias. The mean BMI of males was 25, and 29 for females (p=0.002). Seventy-five patients were never-smokers, seven patients suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and six had a family history of hernia. Fifteen patients indicated lifting heavy weights.

Conclusion:

Based on the study population, women had a nine-fold higher risk for developing an inguinal hernia, compared with women in Western countries. Further studies of inguinal hernia in women on the African continent are strongly advised.
Reverberation Time Improvement in the Worship Room of Palihan Javanese Christian Church
Authors: Putri Tabita Febriawaty Kartika , Setyowati Erni
Published: November 2023

Acoustic comfort is one of four types of comforts in a room. Acoustic comfort allows users of worship spaces to be more focused and solemn in worshipping. One indicator that indicates the optimality of acoustic comfort is the level of clarity of sound articulation. The level of sound articulation in the worship space of the Palihan Javanese Christian Church is considered unclear, so it can be concluded if there is excessive reverberation time in the worship room. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the ideal reverberation time in the worship room of the Palihan Javanese Christian Church. The research was conducted using quantitative research methods. The improvement of reverberation time in this research is done by identifying the materials that are used in the worship room of the Palihan Javanese Christian Church at a frequency of 500Hz and 1000Hz using Sabine's reverberation time theory. From this research, it can be concluded that the replacement of some reflector materials with diffuser and absorber materials can reduce the excess reverberation time in the worship room of the Palihan Javanese Christian Church.
Occurrence of Free-Living Amoebae in Non-Human Primate Gut
Authors: Cardoso Igor Rodrigues , De Lima Clezia Siqueira , Dos Reis Rhagner Bonono , Pinto Ana Cristina Araujo , Pissinatti Thalita , Kugelmeier Tatiana , Neto Sócrates Fraga da Costa , Da Silva Fabio Alves , Santos Helena Lúcia Carneiro
Published: November 2023

. Gut microbiome reflects healthy and predicts possible disease in hosts. A holistic view of this community is needed, focused on identification species, and on the dissection of how species interact with their host and with each other, regardless of whether their presence is beneficial, inconsequential, or detrimental. Distribution of gut-associated eukaryotes within and across NHPs is likely driven by host behavior and ecology. To ascertain the existence of free-living amoebae (FLA) in the gut of wild and captive non-human primates (NHPs), 01 sample stools were collected and submitted to culture-dependent and microscopy examination and DNA sequencing. FLAs were detected in 45.4% (46/101) of fecal samples analysed and their morphological characteristics matching those of Acanthamoeba spp, Vermamoeba spp, and fan-shaped amoebae of the family Vannellidae. Sequence analysis of the PCR- products revealed that the suspected amoebae are highly homologous (99% identity and 100% query coverage) with Acanthamoeba genotype T4 and Vermamoeba vermiformis amoebae. The results showed a great diversity of FLAs in the NHP microbiome, which may pose a potential risk to the health of NHPs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report the presence of FLAs in NHPs naturally infected. However, it is not known whether gut-borne FLA are exploiting a viable ecological niche, or whether they are simply transient residents in the gut.
Disentangling the Tissue-Specific Variations of Volatile Flavor Profiles of Lentinula edodes Fruiting Body
Authors: Guo Yuan , Zhao Jing , Wei Huixian , Gao Qi , Song Shuang , Fan Yangyang , Yan Dong , Liu Yu , Wang Shouxian
Published: November 2023

For Lentinula edodes, its characteristic flavor is the key determinant for consumer pref-erences. However, the tissue-specific volatile flavor variations of the fruiting body have been overlooked. Here, we comprehensively investigated volatile flavor profiles of different tissues including the pileus skin, context, gill and stipe of the fruiting body of two widely cultivated L. edodes strains (T2 and 0912). We show that the eight-carbon and sulfur com-pounds, which represented 43.2-78.0% and 1.4-42.9% to the total volatile emissions for strain 0912 and T2, dominated their volatiles profiles. The sulfur compounds could rep-resent 32.2% and 42.9% to the total volatile emissions for the context of the strain 0912 and T2, respectively, whereas only represented 1.4% for the stipes of the strain 0912 and 9.0% for the skin of strain T2. Proportions of the predominant C8 compounds (1-Octen-3-one, 1-Octen-3-ol and 3-Octanone) and sulfur compounds (Lenthionine, 1,2,4-Trithiolane, Di-methyl disulfide and Dimethyl trisurfide) changed depending on tissues and strains. We further reveal that the overall volatile flavor profiles varied greatly in different tissues and strains. With machine learning algorithm, we show that volatile profiles could 100% pre-dict strains 0912 and T2. The prediction accuracy for different tissues could also reach 100%. Our results highlight the tissue-specific volatile flavor variations of the L. edodes fruiting body.
Scoping Multiformity of CK2 in Musculoskeletal Disorders for a Novel Approach of Targeting
Authors: Pandit Venu , DeGeorge Kailey , Nohe Anja
Published: November 2023

Casein Kinase ІІ (CK2) is one of the most versatile kinases. Its involvement in almost all cellular pathways makes it the Master Regulator of biochemical processes in a cell. This kinase is essential in regulating inflammation, cell differentiation, and cell cycle regulation. Often simultaneously. Its emerging role in senescence also indicates its function's centrality in cellular metabolism. The strategy to target this kinase to treat musculoskeletal disorders seems effective. These disorders often include a component of inflammation, dysregulated cell differentiation, and aging. This review focuses on CK2 target discovery and the diversity of its substrate interactions. We then transition toward the implication of CK2 in musculoskeletal disorders. Through a summary of current strategies for CK2 targeting with a new approach, we discuss the potential aspects that could be addressed in future drug research.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Intrakurikuler Terhadap Soft Skills Mahasiswa PGSD
Authors: Datania Vivien , Izzatika Amrina , Utamining Tias Ika Wulandari
Published: November 2023

Permasalahan dalam artikel ini adalah urgensi pendidikan soft skills bagi mahasiswa calon guru. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelatihan soft skill calon guru di kalangan mahasiswa program studi PGSD di Fakultas Keguruan Universitas Lampung. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi PGSD Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Lampung berjumlah 223 mahasiswa. Sampel dalam artikel ini adalah siswa peserta intrakurikuler yang berjumlah 69 siswa. Data diperoleh secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data angket. Hasil dari artikel ini dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif yang dinyatakan dalam persentase. Berdasarkan analisis, temuan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara kegiatan intrakurikuler terhadap pelatihan soft skill calon guru calon guru pada program pembelajaran PGSD di Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Keguruan Universitas Lampung. Data menunjukkan bahwa koefisien korelasi rx1y adalah 0,851 dan koefisien determinan r2x1y adalah 0,723. Sebuah thitung dari 24,041 diperoleh setelah uji t. Hal ini lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar 1,9708.
Analisys of Utilization of Children’s Story Books (Animals and The Environment) in Learning to Draw Illustrations
Authors: Rismawati Rismawati , Rakhmat Cece , Indihadi Dian
Published: November 2023

Proses pembelajaran tanpa media menyebabkan siswa kesulitan dalam membentuk imajinasinya sehingga pengembangan kreativitas anak terhambat. Hal ini mendorong peneliti untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan buku cerita anak terhadap pembelajaran menggambar ilustrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan buku cerita anak sebagai media dalam pembelajaran menggambar ilustrasi siswa Sekolah Dasar. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar Negeri Deudeul Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pegumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil observasi dan wawancara menunjukkan adanya pemanfaatan buku cerita anak dalam pembelajaran menggambar ilustrasi di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Deudeul Tasikmalaya. Temuan lain yang diperoleh dari dokumentasi evaluasi pembelajaran menunjukkan data penilaian yang dilakukan terhadap hasil gambar ilustrasi dari 40 siswa kelas 5 dengan persentase dan kategori 10% cukup, 57.5% baik, dan 32.5 sangat baik. Dari hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan cerita anak layak digunakan pada pembelajaran menggambar ilustrasi. Temuan tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan buku ajar lebih lanjut.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I dengan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Kartu Bergambar di SDN Gebangan
Authors: Fajaryanti Mare Asia , Fitrianawati Meita , Rusmimawarti Rusmimawarti
Published: November 2023

Penerapan model pembelajaran dan media yang kurang variatif pada pembelajaran membaca permulaan berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya hasil kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa kelas I dengan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan media kartu bergambar di SDN Gebangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model PBL berbantuan media kartu bergambar signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa. Pada siklus I, 58,33% siswa mencapai tingkat ketuntasan membaca, dan meningkat menjadi 75,00% pada siklus II. Analisis hasil menunjukkan peningkatan kategori kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa, yakni 7 siswa (58,33%) dalam kategori baik pada siklus I, meningkat menjadi 9 siswa (75,00%) pada siklus II. Tidak ada siswa yang berada dalam kategori kurang pada siklus II, sementara 16,67% siswa masuk dalam kategori cukup. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model PBL dengan media kartu bergambar efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa kelas 1 di SDN Gebangan.
Comparative Study of Poverty Alleviation in The Verses of The Qur’an and The Green Economy Program SGDS
Authors: Riwanda Agus , Wafa Ali
Published: November 2023

Poverty is defined based on the failure of individuals to meet their primary life needs. Poverty has a tremendous negative impact on the life of the individual and community level. All societies in the world have made efforts to overcome this challenge. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting verses related to poverty and presenting them in a categorization form to obtain an intervention level. Islam, through the Qur’an, has presented a comprehensive system to overcome this poverty problem. At the individual level, poverty can be reduced by providing aqidah concepts regarding sustenance, increasing skills and creativity, and encouragement to work hard while still paying attention to sustainability aspects. At the community level, the Qur’an recommends building a social welfare net through philanthropic movements and the spirit of altruism and stipulating religious obligations and suggestions regarding the distribution of wealth.
The Double-Patella Sign
Authors: Ganz Maximillian P. , Mannino Angelo , Scuderi Giles R.
Published: November 2023

Case:

A 79-year-old man status post total knee arthroplasty (TKA) sustained atraumatic nondisplaced fracture of the inferior pole of the patella 1 year postoperatively. The patient had full radiographic healing and clinical resolution. Two years after injury, the patient reported new-onset knee pain and was found to have atraumatic inferior migration of the patellar component. The lateral radiograph appeared to demonstrate 2 patellae, coined “the double-patella sign.”

Conclusion:

Nondisplaced patellar fractures after TKA should be monitored even after full osseous healing for component loosening. Inferior migration of a loose patellar component can mimic 2 patellae on the lateral radiograph, mimicking a double patella.
Operative Technique for Sacral Insufficiency Fractures Causing Spinopelvic Dissociation
Authors: Muralidharan Aditya , Wilson Jenna-Leigh , Piche Joshua David , Arhewoh Reme Emmanuel , Hake Mark , Perdue Aaron , Patel Rakesh , Aleem Ilyas , Ahn Jaimo
Published: November 2023

Case:

We present a case of a 54-year-old man with atraumatic, U-type sacral insufficiency and L5 compression fractures leading to spinopelvic dissociation, inability to ambulate, and bowel/bladder compromise. The patient underwent L3-4 percutaneous pedicle screw fixation with bilateral iliac bolts and percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation. Postoperatively, the patient had return of bowel/bladder function and independent ambulation at 2.5 years.

Conclusion:

Atraumatic spinopelvic dissociation is an underappreciated pathology in older patients. Here, we describe the result of our preferred treatment strategy, triangular osteosynthesis, to preserve function and independence. Despite optimal, prompt treatment, these injuries pose a difficult rehabilitation process for patients.
Peroneal Tendon Dislocation After Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient With Hereditary Multiple Exostoses
Authors: Ohba Yutaro , Uchio Akihiro , Maenohara Yuji , Inui Hiroshi , Tanaka Sakae , Matsumoto Takumi
Published: November 2023

Case:

We report a case of an 81-year-old woman with severe valgus deformity induced by hereditary multiple exostoses, which eventually led to the need for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to joint degeneration. Subsequently, she experienced peroneal tendon dislocation. Although changes in knee alignment can affect ankle joint alignment and reportedly lead to ankle pain after TKA, this is a rare case of nontraumatic peroneal tendon dislocation occurring after TKA.

Conclusion:

This case underscores the complexity of peroneal tendon dislocation after TKA where factors such as pre-existing anatomical abnormalities interact with the alignment changes induced by TKA.