bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Exponential Comparison Method and Simple Additive Weighting Method in Assessment of Agricultural Extension Performance
Authors: Suranti Dewi
Published: January 2019

In order to build qualified and reliable agricultural human resources, it is necessary for professional, creative, innovative and global oriented Agricultural Extension workers in the provision of productive, effective and efficient extension services. Agricultural Extension is directed to carry out advisory and consultation tasks for the main actors and business actors in developing their agribusiness business, so the adoption of appropriate technology can run well and in turn increase the empowerment of the main actors, productions, productivity, income and welfare of farmers and their families. The performance of agricultural extension workers can be seen in the aspects of preparation, implementation, evaluation and reporting, development of agricultural extension and agricultural extension profession profession. In addition, agricultural extension programs should be based on analysis of farmers' needs and reflect current target audience conditions. Applying Simple Additive Wighted and Exponential Comparison Method in appraisal of farmer extension performance at UPT BPP Sukaraja aims to know the performance of agricultural extension in conducting counseling at UPT BPP Sukaraja. This is due to the lack of extension workers in BP3K Sukaraja. The results of the resulting assessment in the form of work performance ranking of each extension worker. Based on the results of the calculation both methods show the same performance rankings. With this is expected to make it easy for UPT BPP sukaraja in carrying out routine performance appraisal performance of extension workers who had been a constraint in conducting appraisal performance extension. Agricultural extension workers can carry out their duties and responsibilities
Implementation of Expert System for Diabetes Diseases using Naïve Bayes and Certainty Factor Methods
Authors: Ilham Insani Muhammad , Alamsyah Alamsyah , Putra Anggyi Trisnawan
Published: January 2019

Expert Systems is a computer systems that has been entered the base knowledge and a set of rules used to solve problems like an expert. Methods that can be used in the expert systems which is Naïve Bayes and Certainty Factor. Naïve Bayes method can handle quantitative calculations and discreate data and only requires a little research data to estimate the parameters needed in the clasification and Certainty Factor which is suitable for measuring something whether it is certain or not in diagnosing. Diabetes is one of the most frequent diseases suffered in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is implementation expert systems used Naïve Bayes and Certainty Factor in diagnosing diabetes and knowing the level of accuracyof the systems. Data that is used by researchers as much 100 data medical record, obtained from the medical record RSUD Bendan Kota Pekalongan. The variabels used in this research is age, gender, the symptoms of the desease diabetes and result diagnose desease from expert. The accuracy rate of this system derived from the scenario distribution data 70 training data and 30 testing data that is equal to 100% according to the doctor's diagnosis.
Use of K-Means Clustering and Analytical Methods Hierarchy Process in Determining the Type of MSME Financing in Semarang City
Authors: Sukmadewanti Irahayu , Arifudin Riza , Sugiharti Endang
Published: January 2019

The Indonesian government launched an entrepreneurial program to encourage economic growth, one of which is MSME(micro, small and medium enterprises). The constraints commonly faced by MSME are limited enterprises capital. The government has also tried to provide assistance financing for MSMEs in the form of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), KUR (Credit People's Enterprises) and KTA (Unsecured Credit). For this type of financing or credit determined based on the type of enterprises accompanied by criteria including number of assets, turnover annually, number of employees, current enterprises period and net income. Based on background behind this research aims to help provide recommendations on types MSME capital financing based on assets, turnover, number of employees, enterprises period and net income of a MSME. This research uses data from MSME in the Semarang City, which has been registered with the Semarang City Cooperatives and MSME Office. K-Means Clustering Method is used to cluster net profit criteria. Then the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to search recommendations on the types of MSME financing based on each weighted criteria. The results of this application are recommendations for types of capital financing MSME is based on assets, turnover, number of employees, enterprises period and every net profit of MSME. For testing of the system being built, it is carried out by means of a blackbox test. From the test results obtained show that the actual results are appropriate with the expected results so that the functional system is running well. Suggestions from this research, it is necessary to develop further systems regarding grouping data to be more specific.
PERSONEL SEÇİM PROBLEMİNİN GRİ İLİŞKİSEL ANALİZ YÖNTEMİ İLE ÇÖZÜLMESİ: MEDYA SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: EŞİYOK Yusuf , EREN Özge
Published: January 2019

Çalışmada personel seçim sürecinde çok kriterli karar verme teknikleri kullanılarak işe en uygun adayın veya adayların seçilebileceği bir modelin önerilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Öncelikle, medya sektöründe yer alan bir medya grubunda çalışacak haber editörünün hangi kriterlere göre işe alınacağı bahsi geçen medya grubunda çalışmakta olan uzmanların ve yöneticilerin görüşleri alınarak saptanmıştır. Çalışma, ileri dönem medya sektörüne örnek teşkil etmesi amacıyla bir medya işletmesinde bulunan aday özgeçmiş havuzundan ve mülakat raporlarından yararlanılarak kurgulanmıştır. 15 aday gri ilişkisel analiz (GİA) yöntemiyle değerlendirilerek aralarından en uygun olan kişi/kişiler belirtilmiştir. Gri ilişkisel analiz yönteminin personel seçiminde karar vericiye referans kriteri oluşturma imkânı vermesi hem işveren hem de adaylar açısından sürecin daha az maliyetle yürütülmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Çünkü personel seçim süreci sonunda en iyi adaydan ziyade ilgili pozisyona en uygun adayın seçilmesi daha doğru bir yaklaşım olacaktır. Gri ilişkisel analiz yöntemi alternatiflerin sıralanmasında ve en uygun alternatifin seçiminde karar vericilere yardımcı olmak adına kullanılabilir.
TÜRKİYE’DE BÖLGELER DÜZEYİNDE SAĞLIK HARCAMALARINI ETKİLEYEN UNSURLARIN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ İLE BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ERGÜN Suzan , ATAY POLAT Melike
Published: January 2019

1960'lardan beri, sağlık harcamalarının artması tüm dünyada çok fazla endişeye neden olmuştur. Bu konu ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalar bir yandan sağlık harcamalarındaki artışın nedenlerini açıklamaya çalışmış diğer yandan da maliyetleri düşürmek için hangi değişkenlerin etkilenebileceğini araştırmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de Düzey 2 bölgesi için sağlık harcamalarının eğilimlerini ve belirleyicilerini panel veri yöntemi ile incelemektir.  Analiz sonucunda sağlık harcamaları ile nüfus, enflasyon oranı ve vergi oranı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişki tespit edilirken; sağlık harcamaları ile bebek ölüm hızı ve okuryazarlık oranı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönlü ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
ORGANIZATIONAL ECOLOGY OF ACCOMMODATION POPULATIONS THAT TAKE PLACE IN TURKEY
Authors: DÖNBAK Eda Rukiye
Published: January 2019

The present study aims at taking an ecological approach to explain general and private types of accommodation organizations’ ecological movements in Turkey. Distribution Statistics for Certified Accommodation Facilities by Their Type issued by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey for the period between 1990 and 2015, was used as data source. General and private organization types were classified by using this data and previous studies in literature. In this study repeated measure ANOVA test is used in order to investigate the significant differences between general and private accommodation groups’ upward trends between years of 1990 – 2015. When the data is tested independently based on years it is found that there is significant difference only in the group of private organizations. There was an upward trend in all groups compared to the years whereas this difference was significant only in the group of private organizations. The results can aid organizations strategically implementing their business plans.
TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ MESLEĞİNİN KARŞILAŞTIĞI TEMEL SORUNLAR: NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: YORULMAZ Mehmet , GENÇTÜRK Mehmet
Published: January 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de Sağlık Yönetimi Mesleğinin Karşılaştığı Temel Sorunların ne olduğunu uzmanlar perspektifinden tespit etmek amacıyla yapılan nitel bir araştırmadır. Yöntem ve Gereçler: Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan bu çalışmada; olgu bilim deseninden faydalanılmıştır. Yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılan araştırmada, görüşlerine başvurulan katılımcıların, sağlık yönetimi ya da sağlık idaresi bölümlerinden mezun olmaları ön şart olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın amacını gerçekleştirmek için görüşülmesi gereken kişilerin belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden “ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde, örneklem ölçütlerini sağlayan 15 kişiyle doğrudaniletişime geçilmiş ve randevu talep edilmiştir. Randevu talebini 3 kişi geri çevirmiştir.Bu bağlamda araştırmaya 12 katılımcı dâhil olmuştur. Araştırma katılımcıları, 10 akademisyen( 4 profesör, 2 doçent, 4 doktor öğretim üyesi) ve sağlık yönetimi alanıyla ilgili 2 Sivil Toplum Kuruluşu başkanından oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler yüz yüze görüşme tekniğiyle ve ses kayıt cihazı kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde nitel veri analizi yöntemlerinden biri olan “tematik analiz” ve nitel veri analizi programlarından biri olan “Nvivo” programı kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Bu araştırmada, “Türkiye’de Sağlık Yönetimi Mesleğinin Karşılaştığı Temel Sorunlar nelerdir?” Neler söyleyebilirsiniz?” sorusuna uzmanlar tarafından verilmiş cevaplar analiz edilmiştir. Bu cevaplar “eğitimle ilgili sorunlar”, “politik sorunlar” ve “mesleğin sahiplenilmemesi sorunu” olmak üzere üç ana tema olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Analizler neticesinde elde edilen bu üç temadan birisi olan “eğitimle ilgili sorunlar” temasına bakıldığında, mesleğin eğitimle ilgili sorunları “eğitici kaynaklı”, “öğrenci kaynaklı” ve“eğitim süreci kaynaklı” olmak üzere 3 alt tema altında birleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, sağlık yönetimi mesleğinin karşılaşmış olduğu temel sorunlardan ikincisi tema olan sağlık yönetimi politikalarına ilişkin problemleri ise “istihdam kaynaklı”, “eğitim politikası kaynaklı” ve “politikaların sürdürülebilirliği kaynaklı sorunlar”olmak üzere üç alt tema olarak bulunmuştur. Üçüncü olarak ise, Türkiye’de sağlık yönetimi mesleğinin karşılaştığı temel sorunlara ilişkin problemlerin ana temalarından biri olan mesleğin sahiplenilmemesine ilişkin sorunların nedenleri arasında; “zayıf lobicilik”, “mesleki örgütlerin yetersizliği”, “kamu kurumlarının sahiplenmemesi” ve “akademisyenlerin sahiplenmemesi” nedenlerinin olduğu araştırma sonucunda elde edilmiş önemli sonuçlardır.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİNİ NE ETKİLER? DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: TOKLU İsmail Tamer
Published: January 2019

Dünyanın her yerindeki girişimciler fırsatlardan ve zorunluluktan yararlanarak yeni girişimler peşinde koşmaktadır. Bu girişimler yalnızca bireysel yatırımcılara fayda sağlamakla kalmamakla birlikte, aynı zamanda genel piyasanın verimliliğini ve yenilikçiliğini de artırmaya yardımcı olmaktadır. Araştırmalar çoğu insanın girişimcilik potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ve zamanla bunların girişimcilere dönüştüğünü göstermektedir. Türkiye’nin her ilinde üniversitelerin kurulması ve üniversite sayısındaki niceliksel artışla birlikte mezunlarının girişimciliğe yönelmeleri ülkenin gelişmesine önemli katkılar sağlayabilecektir. Bu çalışma öğrencilerin girişimcilik niyetini etkileyen faktörlerin anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla yapılan araştırma ile üniversite eğitimine yönelik memnuniyet, girişimcilik davranışına yönelik kişisel tutum, sübjektif norm ve algılanan davranışsal kontrolün girişimcilik niyetine etkisi incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemi Doğu Karadeniz üniversitelerinde iktisadi ve idari bilimlerle ilgili disiplinlerde eğitim gören girişimcilik eğitimi alan son sınıf öğrencileri arasından kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilmiştir. Yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile araştırmanın verileri toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen ilk sonuçlara göre girişimcilik davranışına yönelik kişisel tutum, sübjektif norm ve algılanan davranışsal kontrol girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmişken, üniversiteden memnuniyetin girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde etkisi bulunamamıştır. Üniversitelerin pazarlama bakış açısı ile birbirinden farklılaşması ve girişimci odaklı bireyler yetişmesine katkıda bulunmak için gerekli düzenlemeleri yapması ürettiklerine artı bir değer katacağı düşünülmektedir.
İŞLETME ETİĞİNDE SİNİZM VE İŞGÖREN PERFORMANSI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TEKSTİL SEKTÖRÜNDE ÇALIŞANLARA YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: ÇOTUL ARZU , ALTINDAĞ Erkut
Published: January 2019

Örgütlerde alınan etik dışı kararlar, yönetimin işgörenlere ayrımcı yaklaşımı, işyerinin samimiyetsiz ortamı, işyerindeki değişim, güçlü olmayan örgütsel iklim, sinizm diye adlandırılan ve çalışanlarda örgüte karşı nefret, endişe duygularını oluşturan ve örgüte yönelik uç noktalarda kötüleme, eleştirme eğilimini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı,  örgütsel sinizm, işgören performansı ve işletme etik dışı kararlar arasındaki etkileşimin incelenmesidir. Araştırma verileri İstanbul’da tekstil sektöründe çalışanlarla anket yöntemi kullanarak elde edilmiş ve veriler “SPSS” programında değerlendirilerek regresyon analizi, korelasyon analizi, faktör analizi ve karşılaştırmalı analizler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda çalışanların işletmelerine sinik bir tutum geliştirmelerinde ve işletme performanslarına etkilerinde, alınan işletme yönetiminin etik dışı kararlarının güçlü bir etmen olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
THE EFFECT OF REVIEWER ORIGIN ON BOOKING INTENTIONS IN TOURISM INDUSTRY: THE MODERATING ROLE OF REVIEW VALENCE
Authors: SÖZER Edin Güçlü
Published: January 2019

This study investigates the effect of reviewers’ origin on the consumers’ intentions for booking a room in a hotel by taking into consideration the possible moderating effect of review valence. An experimental design is implemented and the manipulated experimental conditions are identified as the reviewers’ origin (HomeRev, HostRev, UniRev,) and the review content (negative, positive and mixed). Findings of the study confirm the statistically significant relationship between review content and booking intentions. Positive and mixed content lead to higher booking intentions, when compared to negative content. However, exposure to pure positive reviews generates lower levels of booking intentions than mixed reviews containing both positive and negative reviews. The results also indicate that reviews of local customers (HomeRev) generate higher booking intentions compared to reviews generated by international (HostRev,) and unidentified customers (UniRev,). The relative differential effect of local reviewers on booking intentions is moderated by different levels of review valence.
STRATEJİK KAYNAK KULLANIMININ FİRMA PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ ÇEVİKLİĞİNİN ARACI ROLÜ
Authors: YILDIZ Bülent , ÇETİNDAŞ Ahmet
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada stratejik kaynak kullanımının tedarik zinciri çevikliği ve firma performansı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma kapsamında tedarik zinciri çevikliğinin firma performansı üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Bu amaçla Türkiye’nin ilk 1000 ihracatçı firması arasından 115 firmadan anket tekniği ile veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmada öncelikle, kullanılan ölçeklerin yapı geçerliği ve güvenilirliğini test etmek amacıyla keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ile güvenilirlik analizi yapılmıştır.  Araştırma hipotezlerini test etmek amacıyla 115 firmadan elde edilen veriler yapısal eşitlik modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda stratejik kaynak kullanımının tedarik zinciri çevikliği ve firma performansını pozitif yönde anlamlı olarak etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Tedarik zinciri çevikliğinin de firma performansı pozitif yönde anlamlı olarak etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ayrıca stratejik kaynak kullanımının firma performansı üzerindeki etkisinde tedarik zinciri çevikliğinin aracılık rolü araştırılmıştır. Aracılık testi neticesinde tedarik zinciri çevikliğinin kısmi aracılık rolü olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Aortic effects of thyroid hormone in male mice
Authors: Gachkar Sogol , Nock Sebastian , Geissler Cathleen , Oelkrug Rebecca , Johann Kornelia , Resch Julia , Rahman Awahan , Arner Anders , Kirchner Henriette , Mittag Jens
Published: January 2019

It is well established that thyroid hormones are required for cardiovascular functions; however, the molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, especially the individual contributions of genomic and non-genomic signalling pathways. In this study, we dissected how thyroid hormones modulate aortic contractility. To test the immediate effects of thyroid hormones on vasocontractility, we used a wire myograph to record the contractile response of dissected mouse aortas to the adrenergic agonist phenylephrine in the presence of different doses of T3 (3,3′,5-triiodothyronine). Interestingly, we observed reduced vasoconstriction under low and high T3 concentrations, indicating an inversed U-shaped curve with maximal constrictive capacity at euthyroid conditions. We then tested for possible genomic actions of thyroid hormones on vasocontractility by treating mice for 4 days with 1 mg/L thyroxine in drinking water. The study revealed that in contrast to the non-genomic actions the aortas of these animals were hyperresponsive to the contractile stimulus, an effect not observed in endogenously hyperthyroid TRβ knockout mice. To identify targets of genomic thyroid hormone action, we analysed aortic gene expression by microarray, revealing several altered genes including the well-known thyroid hormone target gene hairless. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that thyroid hormones regulate aortic tone through genomic and non-genomic actions, although genomic actions seem to prevail in vivo. Moreover, we identified several novel thyroid hormone target genes that could provide a better understanding of the molecular changes occurring in the hyperthyroid aorta.
Cervical mucus sialic acid content determines the ability of frozen-thawed ram sperm to migrate through the cervix
Authors: Richardson L , Hanrahan J P , Tharmalingam T , Carrington S D , Lonergan P , Evans A C O , Fair S
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the properties and to functionally characterize the cervical mucus that modulates sperm transport through the cervix by using ewe breeds with a divergent pregnancy rate (Belclare and Suffolk; high and low, respectively) following cervical insemination using frozen-thawed semen. Sperm number, as well as sialic acid and fucose content in both the channels and in the lumen of different regions of the cervix were quantified in inseminated Belclare and Suffolk ewes. Expression of glycosyltransferase and MUC genes, glycosidase activity and sialic acid speciation in follicular phase cervical tissue and mucus were assessed. More spermatozoa were found in the cervical channels in the region closest to the cervical os in Belclare than Suffolk ewes (P < 0.05) and Suffolk ewes had a higher sialic acid content in the cervical channels than Belclare ewes (P < 0.05) in all regions of cervix. Suffolk ewes had significantly higher expression of FUT1, ST6GAL1 and MUC5AC than Belclare ewes. There was no difference between the breeds in glycosidase activity (P > 0.05). Levels of Neu5Ac were higher in Belclare than Suffolk ewes (P < 0.05) and levels of Neu5Gc was higher in Suffolk than Belclare ewes (P < 0.05). Competitive sperm penetration assays demonstrated that frozen-thawed sperm progression increased when cervical mucus was incubated with sialyllactose prior to a sperm penetration test (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the difference between Belclare and Suffolk ewes in sperm transport with frozen-thawed semen is due to the higher concentration of sialic acid within channels, which binds to spermatozoa and reduces their ability to traverse the cervix.
Epidemiological and Biological Profiling of Breast Cancer in Southern Morocco
Authors: Aznag Fatima Zahra , Elouilamine Ezohra , Basselam Mohammed Amine , Chadli Smail , Ait El Cadi Mostafa , Izaabel El hassan
Published: January 2019

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancers that affect women. Risk factors include a combination of multiple factors such as heredity, age, and environment. The frequency of breast cancer in Morocco increased significantly in recent years, and it is now a major public health concern. A retrospective epidemiological study was produced for a cohort of 1559 patients attending the regional center of oncology and radiotherapy in Agadir, during a period comprised between January 2010 and December 2015.Our data shows that the average age of the patients is 48 years, the majority of them present grade II tumors 66.38%. The immunohistochemical analysis of tumors revealed that 64% of them are positive for hormone receptors. With 67.07% is positive for ER and 61.01% positive for RP, while 29.17% of tumors overexpress the HER2 protein. The distribution of molecular subtypes of breast cancer shows that luminal A has the highest percentage 50.96% followed by basal-like 20.26%.To clarify the young epidemiological profile and the etiology of breast cancer a regional cancer registry is required. Furthermore, awareness campaigns are crucial to avoid having patients with aggressive forms of the disease. Therefore, to improve survival and reduce the morbidity of breast cancer patients.
Leveraging Evidence-Based Public Policy and Advocacy to Advance Newborn Screening in California
Authors: Bronstein Max G. , Pan Richard J. , Dant Mark , Lubin Bertrand
Published: January 2019

In 2016, the EveryLife Foundation for Rare Diseases, in partnership with Dr Pan, who is a pediatrician and state senator in California, launched legislation to advance and expand newborn screening. Researchers have shown that newborn screening can be cost-effective and can greatly improve health outcomes for patients with rare diseases. However, adding additional diseases in newborn screening is a long process, requiring legislative approval in addition to new state funding. Such process delays can lead to protracted diagnostic odysseys for patients, especially those with rare diseases. These delays can result in irreversible morbidity and, in some cases, early mortality for patients. To improve this process, legislation known as Senate Bill 1095 was introduced to require California to adhere to the latest federal recommendations for newborn screening within 2 years. We provide insight and describe the process of advancing state legislation, coalition building, and managing opposition. Senate Bill 1095 would become law in 2016, requiring California to screen for 2 new rare diseases by August 2018: mucopolysaccharidosis type I and Pompe disease. This case study can serve as a model for advocates looking to expand state newborn-screening programs.
PEDIATRIC CRANIOFACIAL DISFIGUREMENT WITH AUTOLOGOUS RIBS BONE GRAFT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Saputra Anne , Niryana Wayan , Adnyana Made Suka
Published: January 2019

Pediatric reconstruction of the cranial defect is a challenging task, the standard reconstruction method has been bone grafting. The reconstruction of complex facial defects should satisfy both aesthetic and functional requirements. In the case of large defects, the use of craniofacial prostheses using autogenous bone is the material of choice because of its potential for revascularization and its osteoconductive properties. A 3-year-old patient has facial disfgurement as result from bone defciency following anterior skull base tumour resection. To minimize the associated functional and cosmetic problems, a number  of reconstructive options are available to the surgeon including the use of autogenous and alloplastic implants. A computed tomography (CT) 3-dimensional reconstruction scan showed a large craniofacial defect as residual radical skull base tumour resection. A transcranial approach by a neurosurgeon and plastic surgery was performed to reconstruct the defect using autologous rib bone graft. Six months after the reconstruction surgery, a defect of the craniofacial was narrowing without cranial nerve defcits.Complex reconstructions of extensive defects in craniofacial area can be achieved using autologous bone grafts. They yield reasonable functional and aesthetic outcomes and noticeably improves the qualityof life.
THE TREND AND PROFILE OF THE THORACIC SPINE SURGERY IN NEUROSURGERY DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA – RSUP NASIONAL DR. CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO 2012 – 2016
Authors: Saekhu Muhammad , Nugroho Bismo , Ashari Samsul , Aman Renindra A , Tobing Hanif G , Nugroho Setyowidi
Published: January 2019

Background: Spinal surgery, in general, is increasing in number. The most frequent pathology is degenerative disease, and the most common segment is cervical and lumbar. However, there is limited information concerning the thoracic spine surgeries.Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the trend and profle of the thoracic spine (T-spine) surgeries in the Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – RSUP Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo from 2012 to 2016.Method: This is a retrospective study including all patients who were undergoing T-spine surgery during the period of study from January 2012 to December 2016. The number of T-spine procedureswas recorded and plotted in the trend graph. The data consisting age, gender, indication and procedure of T-spine surgery, and duration of hospital stay were recorded from medical records.Result: In the last fve years, there was an increasing trend of T-spine surgery. A total of 68 surgeries for T-spine performed with 35 female and 33 male subjects. Majority of subjects were aged 41 to 50 years old (28%), with an indication of surgery due to tumours (68%). As many as 76% T-spine surgery was carried out non-instrumented. Duration of hospital stay was 9-13 days.Conclusion: Productive age is the most common age undergoing T-spine surgeries. A spinal tumour is the most frequent indication of the T-spine surgeries
KONDISI EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI LOKASI DAN BUKAN LOKASI PENYELAMAN PULAU MARATUA
Authors: IDRIS Idris .
Published: January 2019

Maratua Island lies in the Makassar Strait was a destination for marine tourism especially international divers. Currently, no activities in monitoring the effect of tourism is in place, and therefore, there is a need compare the condition of the dive sites and non-dive site as a proxy for the impact of diving to coral reefs. Nine locations in total representing dive and non-dive sites were observed. The result shows that the condition of dive sites and non-dive sites were generally the same, 48% (Good) and 43% (Good) respectively. Analysis using ANOVA single factor also shows that there is no significant difference between dive sites and non-dive sites (Fcrit= 1.36; F calc= 4.28, P<0.05). This means that diving not yet posed a significant threat to the coral reefs in Maratua Island. Other animal were also being observed and the most abundant fish are Pterocaesio diagramma, Caesio cuning, and Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura.
Lipid Peroxidation Drives Renal Cyst Growth In Vitro through Activation of TMEM16A
Authors: Schreiber Rainer , Buchholz Björn , Kraus Andre , Schley Gunnar , Scholz Julia , Ousingsawat Jiraporn , Kunzelmann Karl
Published: January 2019

Significance Statement

The chloride channels cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) drive cyst enlargement in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), ultimately leading to kidney failure. The mechanisms for channel activation, however, are poorly understood. The authors show for the first time that peroxidation of plasma membrane phospholipids activates renal TMEM16A; this facilitates calcium signaling and activation of the calcium-sensitive adenylate cyclase ADCY1, which further stimulates CFTR. The antioxidant idebenone significantly delays cyst enlargement as does ferrostatin-1, suggesting activation of ferroptosis, an apoptosis-independent regulated cell death pathway during PKD. These findings show a strong effect of reactive oxygen species on cyst progression via lipid peroxidation. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and blockade of TMEM16A are potential novel therapeutic approaches to delay cyst development in PKD.

Background

Transepithelial chloride− secretion, through the chloride channels cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and TMEM16A (anoctamin 1), drives cyst enlargement in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Polycystic kidneys are hypoxic, and oxidative stress activates TMEM16A. However, mechanisms for channel activation in PKD remain obscure.

Methods

Using tissue samples from patients with autosomal dominant PKD, embryonic kidney cultures, and an MDCK in vitro cyst model, we assessed peroxidation of plasma membrane phospholipids in human and mouse polycystic kidneys. We also used electrophysiologic Ussing chamber and patch clamp experiments to analyze activation of TMEM16A and growth of renal cysts.

Results

Peroxidation of phospholipids in human and mouse kidneys as well as MDCK cysts in vitro is probably due to enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species. Lipid peroxidation correlated with increased cyst volume as shown in renal cultures and MDCK cysts in three-dimensional cultures. Reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation strongly activated TMEM16A, leading to depletion of calcium ion stores and store-operated calcium influx. Activation of TMEM16A- and CFTR-dependent chloride secretion strongly augmented cyst growth. Exposure to scavengers of reactive oxygen species, such as glutathione, coenzyme Q10, or idebenone (a synthetic coenzyme Q10 homolog), as well as inhibition of oxidative lipid damage by ferrostatin-1 largely reduced activation of TMEM16A. Inhibition of TMEM16A reduced proliferation and fluid secretion in vitro.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that activation of TMEM16A by lipid peroxidation drives growth of renal cysts. We propose direct inhibition of TMEM16A or inhibition of lipid peroxidation as potentially powerful therapeutic approaches to delay cyst development in PKD.
Prior Hospitalization Burden and the Relatedness of 30-Day Readmissions in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Lin Eugene , Bhattacharya Jay , Chertow Glenn M.
Published: January 2019

Significance Statement

Patients receiving hemodialysis have a high 30-day readmission rate after hospitalization, and Medicare financially penalizes providers with rates that are higher than expected. However, quality measures currently do not account for whether 30-day readmissions are indeed related to the cause for the index hospitalization. This study demonstrates that Medicare patients receiving hemodialysis are significantly more likely to experience an unrelated 30-day readmission if they have a high baseline hospitalization rate, which itself is associated with having more comorbidities and Medicaid status. A related 30-day readmission is most likely to follow cardiac index hospitalizations and least likely to follow renal index hospitalizations. The authors suggest that Medicare consider incorporating prior hospitalization burden and clinical relatedness to improve the clinical meaningfulness of its 30-day readmission quality metrics.

Background

Thirty-day readmissions are common in patients receiving hemodialysis and costly to Medicare. Because patients on hemodialysis have a high background hospitalization rate, 30-day readmissions might be less likely related to the index hospitalization than in patients with other conditions.

Methods

In adults with Medicare receiving hemodialysis in the United States, we used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate whether prior hospitalization burden was associated with increased 30-day readmissions unrelated to index hospitalizations with a discharge date from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. We categorized a hospitalization, 30-day readmission pair as “related” if the principal diagnoses came from the same organ system.

Results

The adjusted probability of unrelated 30-day readmission after any index hospitalization was 19.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 18.9% to 19.3%), 22.6% (95% CI, 22.4% to 22.8%), and 31.2% (95% CI, 30.8% to 31.5%) in patients with 0–1, 2–4, and ≥5 hospitalizations, respectively. Cardiovascular index hospitalizations had the highest adjusted probability of related 30-day readmission: 10.4% (95% CI, 10.2% to 10.7%), 13.6% (95% CI, 13.4% to 13.9%), and 20.8% (95% CI, 20.2% to 21.4%), respectively. Renal index hospitalizations had the lowest adjusted probability of related 30-day readmission: 2.0% (95% CI, 1.8% to 2.3%), 3.9% (95% CI, 3.4% to 4.4%), and 5.1% (95% CI, 4.3% to 5.9%), respectively.

Conclusions

High prior hospitalization burden increases the likelihood that patients receiving hemodialysis experience a 30-day readmission unrelated to the index hospitalization. Health care payers such as Medicare should consider incorporating clinical relatedness into 30-day readmission quality measures.
EFFECT OF SOME MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON RISK PERCEPTION: THE TURKISH CASE
Authors: YILMAZ Alper , ÜNLÜ Ahmet
Published: January 2019

Recently Turkish economy is classified
‘fragile five’ with Brazil, India, Indonesia and South Africa because of some structural
deficiencies and imbalances in its macroeconomic variables. Turkey’s fragility
can be observed or measured from some economic indicators and one of them is Credit
Default Swap (CDS) spread. It represents default probability of Turkish economy
and it’s affected by many macroeconomic indicators. This study examines the
determinants of CDS spread by using time series analysis for the period of
2011-2017 monthly data. On that note the relationships between the variables
were tested with Johansen cointegration test to determine relationship in the long
run . After determining long term relationship between the variables, the VECM
(Vector Error Correction) model in cointegration framework was estimated in
order to determine short term relationship. Lastly Granger test under VECM was
applied in order to establish the uni or bi-directional causality between
variables. In this frame we conclude that there is granger causality which
directed from Current Account to Foreign Exchange and Foreign Exchange to CDS
spread like a knock on effect. Also according to cointegration coefficient
there is positive relationship between Foreign Exchange and CDS spread but we
couldn’t support statistically significant relationship between Current Account
and CDS spread.
TAKLİT ÜRÜN SATIN ALMA DAVRANIŞINDA BİREYSEL CAYDIRICI OLARAK RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ: AKSESUAR ÜRÜNLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ERDOĞAN Evrim , BURUCUOĞLU Murat
Published: January 2019

Taklit ürünler
bugün tüm dünyada üzerine düşünülen ve çözüm aranan önemli bir konudur. Taklit
ürünler kullanımları ile tüketicilere, üretimi ile mikro düzeyde işletmelere
makro düzeyde ise ekonomilere zarar vermektedir. Bu çalışmada, taklit ürünlere
yönelik arzın oluşmasında önemli bir rol üstlenen tüketicilerin taklit ürün
satın alma davranışına çeşitli risk faktörlerinin etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada
ürün kategorisi olarak tüketicilerin birçok noktada kolayca ulaşabildiği
aksesuar ürünleri seçilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında Türkiye örnekleminden 351
katılımcıya anket tekniği ile ulaşılmıştır. Taklit ürün satın alma davranışının
önünde bir engel oluşturacağı düşünülen fiziksel, sosyal, finansal, psikolojik
risk faktörleri ile satın alma niyeti arasındaki ilişkilere dayanan araştırma modeli
oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda finansal riskin taklit aksesuar ürünü
satın alma davranışını güçlü bir şekilde azalttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Diğer
risk faktörlerinin ise taklit aksesuar ürünü satın alma niyeti üzerinde bir
etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu bulgudan yola çıkarak pazarlama program ve
uygulamalarında taklit ürün kullanımı ile karşılaşılacak finansal zararlara
vurgu yapılmasının faydalı olacağı söylenebilir.
ANALYZING VOLATILITY TRANSMISSIONS BETWEEN STOCK MARKETS OF TURKEY, ROMANIA, POLAND, HUNGARY AND UKRAINE USING M-GARCH MODEL
Authors: BOZMA Gürkan , BAŞAR Selim
Published: January 2019

Due
to technological advances, stocks and commodity markets have become single
market. There is a high degree of volatility among the stock markets especially
opening in the same time frame. In this study, the volatility between Turkey,
Romania, Poland, Hungary and Ukrainian stock market was examined by using the
VAR (1) M-GARCH model. Before applying the VAR (1)-M-GARCH model, it was tried
to be determined by using the Johansen Cointegration method based on the
maximum likelihood method whether there is a long-run relationship between
stock exchanges. A long-run relationship was determined among the stock market
according to the Johansen Cointegration test. The volatility of stock exchange
volatility is examined with the using VAR (1) -M-GARCH-BEKK model. As a result
of the findings, the conditional variance of the Turkey (BIST-100) is affected
by its short-run shocks and long-run volatility as well as the short-run shocks
and the long-run volatility that have occurred in the Poland and Hungary stock
markets. In addition, the conditional variance of the Turkey is affected by the
long-run volatility of the Romanian stock market.
Correlation between self-perception of need for orthodontic treatment in pregnant women and the perception of oral health professionals
Authors:   Private Practice, Peru., Rodriguez-Tarma Zulma A. , Carruitero Marcos J. ,   rivate University. Trujillo, Peru. Dept of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo,
Published: January 2019

Objective: To determine the correlation between the self-perception of need for orthodontic treatment in pregnant women and the perception of oral health professionals. Material and methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 30 pregnant women, whose self-perception of the need for orthodontic treatment was assessed through the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). A panel of oral health professionals (OHP) composed by a dental surgeon and an orthodontist also evaluated the aesthetic perception for each pregnant woman, independently, using the same method. The correlation between the IOTN scores was evaluated using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the resulting correlations were compared by the Eid-Gollwitzer-Schnmidt significance of correlations test. Results: A moderate-positive, statistically significant correlation was found between the IOTN of the pregnant women and those of the dental surgeon (0.507, p=0.004) and of the orthodontist (0.451, p=0.013). Between the dental surgeon and the orthodontist, the correlation was very high-positive and statistically significant (0.957, p<0.001). The OHP panel reported greater correlation than those involving the pregnant women (p<0.001). Conclusion: the perception of pregnant women of the need for orthodontic treatment increased moderately similar to the perception of the OHP. The pregnant women showed less consistency in their perception than the OHP, demonstrating low awareness of need for orthodontic treatment by pregnant women.
Comparative study of root resorption between two methods for accelerated orthodontic tooth movement
Authors:   Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt., Elkalza Ahmed Ragab , Hashem Ahmed Shawkat ,   Faculty of Dentistry, Damanhour University, Egypt. Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf,, Alam Mohammad Khursheed ,   Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess apical root resorption (RR) following the application of micro-osteoperforation (MOP) and piezocision (PzC) assisted orthodontics for the acceleration of tooth movement (TM). Materials and Methods: A total number of 16 patients seeking orthodontic therapy were included in this study. All patients had undergone 1st premolars extraction and were indicated for canine retraction. These patients were divided into two groups; one was treated using MOP in one side while the other side served as control. In the other group PzC was performed in one side with no intervention done on the other side. Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained for every patient before and after canine retraction in order to evaluate amount of RR. Results: In the MOP group, there was no significant difference in canine root length between experimental and control sides. Whereas, in the PzC group, there was a statistically significant decrease in root length in the experimental side compared with the control side. When comparing both groups, the experimental PzC side showed a statistically significant decrease in root length compared to experimental MOP side postoperatively. Conclusion: Experimental PzC showed statistically significant decreases in canine root length compared to both experimental MOP and control side after canine retraction.
ACURÁCIA DO TOPODATA PROCESSADA À VERDADE TOPOGRÁFICA DE MACEIÓ-AL
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno Timóteo , Rodrigues Mikael Timóteo , Tagliarini Felipe De Souza Nogueira , Júnior Arilson José De Oliveira , Campos Sérgio
Published: January 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a qualidade e precisão dos dados SRTM processados ao Projeto TOPODATA, que oferece o Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) e suas derivações locais, validado por meio da verdade topográfica do município de Maceió - AL. Foi elaborada uma análise detalhada para detecção, melhoramento, validação e correção de alguns erros referentes às cotas altimétricas pertencentes às respectivas curvas de nível, onde foi aplicada a ferramenta de interpolação TIN (malha irregular de triangulação), assim, gerando do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) em formato matricial representando a Verdade Terrestre. O MDE de altimetría da base de dados TOPODATA foi importado para o software QGIS 2.2.0, isolando as áreas de real interesse, originando um novo arquivo matricial representativo para cruzamento na matriz de confusão e validação por meio do Índice Kappa.  Foi observado que matriz de confusão apresentou resultados satisfatórios, onde cada classe teve maiores valores globais nos cruzamentos entre a Verdade Topográfica e os dados TOPODATA. No entanto, alguns locais com relevo plano, o TOPODATA apresentou algumas subestimações e com relevo acidentado superestimação. De modo geral, a avaliação da acurácia do TOPODATA processada à Verdade Topográfica de Maceió apresenta um MDT de boa classificação, o que confere a tal produto uma alternativa viável e rápida para mapeamento e modelagem ambiental.
Motivations for Whole Body Donation
Authors: Martinez Hilary , Brunson Emily K.
Published: January 2019

While death is a biological surety, how bodies are dealt with after death is largely cultural. In the United States, the most normative funerary practices are burial and cremation. Whole body donation to research facilities—including anthropological research centers—is much less common. At the same time, such donations are critical to ensure the continuation of important research. To examine this issue, and particularly to provide insight to potential body donors as well as the directors and staff of research facilities, the authors consider the factors that cause individuals and family members to choose body donation. Through interviews with both living and next-of-kin donors, we identified three primary motivations: an interest in the scientific process, a desire to be helpful, and a desire for an alternative to a traditional funeral. Living donors also noted the cost-effectiveness of body donation, while next-of-kin donors discussed honoring their loved ones' wishes.
Neo-Avrasyacı Perspektiften Rusya Federasyonu’nun Güvenlik Algısı
Authors: Kurt Selim
Published: January 2019

SSCB’nin dağılmasını takiben Rus siyasal yaşamında etkili olan Batı taraftarı görüşlere karşı ortaya çıkan neo-Avrasyacılık, büyük ölçüde Aleksandr Dugin tarafından sistematik bir düşünce yapısı haline getirilmiştir. Dugin, Avrasyacılık anlayışını kara ve deniz güçleri arasındaki rekabete dayandırmakta olup, bu durumun günümüzde ABD’nin başını çektiği denizci kutup ile Rusya Federasyonu’nun başını çektiği karacı kutup arasındaki mücadelede somutlaştığını iddia etmektedir. Avrasya’daki eksen toprakları elinde bulundurması nedeniyle Avrasya İmparatorluğu’nun Rusların önderliğinde kurulması gerektiğine dikkat çeken Dugin, bunun için Rusya Federasyonu’nun SSCB’nin dağılmasının ardından yitirdiği “yakın çevresi”ni yeniden ele geçirip, takiben denizci kutbun lideri olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin çıkarlarına tüm dünyada meydan okuyarak, en nihayetinde onu yenilgiye uğratılmasının zaruretine işaret etmektedir. Özellikle Ağustos 2008 Savaşı ile Gürcistan’a, 2014 yılında da Ukrayna’ya müdahale ederek Avrupa-Atlantik yapının yakın çevresine yönelik akınını önemli ölçüde durduran Rusya Federasyonu’nun, 2015 yılında da Suriye Krizine müdahil olarak Dugin’in çerçevesini çizdiği neo-Avrasyacı akımın söylemlerini hayata geçirdiği söylenebilir.
Between the Global and the Local: Human Rights Discourse and Engagement in Two New York City High Schools
Authors: RUSSELL S. GARNETT
Published: January 2019

While there has been a rise in human rights education at the global level, little attention has been paid to how it is integrated into schools in the United States. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data collected in two diverse high schools across an academic year, S. Garnett Russell investigates the extent to which human rights education influences students' knowledge and attitudes about human rights and how students engage with and translate global human rights into the local context. Although the majority of students in the study showed a superficial understanding or sense of distance around global human rights issues, Russell finds that students were better able to “vernacularize” universal notions of rights into their own local context, particularly around issues linked to police brutality and racial discrimination. Findings from the study point to the importance of human rights education, particularly for marginalized students.