bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classifying Parkinson’s Disease Based on Acoustic Measures Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Berus Lucijano , Klancnik Simon , Brezocnik Miran , Ficko Mirko
Published: December 2018

In recent years, neural networks have become very popular in all kinds of prediction problems. In this paper, multiple feed-forward artificial neural networks (ANNs) with various configurations are used in the prediction of Parkinson’s disease (PD) of tested individuals, based on extracted features from 26 different voice samples per individual. Results are validated via the leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) scheme. Few feature selection procedures based on Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Kendall’s correlation coefficient, principal component analysis, and self-organizing maps, have been used for boosting the performance of algorithms and for data reduction. The best test accuracy result has been achieved with Kendall’s correlation coefficient-based feature selection, and the most relevant voice samples are recognized. Multiple ANNs have proven to be the best classification technique for diagnosis of PD without usage of the feature selection procedure (on raw data). Finally, a neural network is fine-tuned, and a test accuracy of 86.47% was achieved.
Cryptococcus neoformans: Diagnostic Dilemmas, Electron Microscopy and Capsular Variants
Authors: Birkhead Monica , Naicker Serisha D. , Blasich Nozuko P. , Rukasha Ivy , Thomas Juno , Sriruttan Charlotte , Abrahams Shareef , Mavuso Grisselda S. , Govender Nelesh P.
Published: December 2018

Two cases of cryptococcal meningitis went undetected by a cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assay on blood in a reflex CrAg screen-and-treat programme in South Africa, although Cryptococcus neoformans was identified by culturing the cerebrospinal fluid specimens. Further investigations into these discordant diagnostic results included multilocus sequence typing (which showed no mutations in the CAP59 gene) and transmission electron microscopy using a capsule-staining protocol (which revealed a >50% reduction in capsular material in both cases, relative to a control culture). A multi-disciplinary approach for resolving discordant diagnostic test results is recommended.
EVALUATION APPROACH ON PUBLIC‐PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) URBAN REDEVELOPMENTS
Authors: Leung Barbara Y.P. , Hui Eddie C.M.
Published: December 2018

Urban redevelopments in recent years tend to follow a pragmatic market‐led partnership approach with involvement of both public and private sectors. However, it has been evidenced that this approach suffers from a number of deficiencies. These include over‐reliance on private investments which make the project vulnerable to financial risks and over‐emphases on creating a place of opportunity rather than improving the social environment in the deprived areas. This paper proposes an approach encompassing Cost‐Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Option Pricing concepts (OP) into urban renewal projects which is considered more appropriate for urban redevelopment appraisal. The approach is applied for appraising the bust‐boom saga of the London Docklands redevelopment to demonstrate the importance of the inclusion of social costs and benefits in the evaluation and the strategic value of operating options. Furthermore, key factors for an urban redevelopment project are also identified from the analyses which are considered crucial for the success of the project.

Urbanistiniai pertvarkymai pastaraisiais metais dažniausiai vykdomi laikantis pragmatine rinka pagristos partnerystes nuostatos, būdingos tiek viešiesiems, tiek privatiems sektoriams. Tačiau buvo irodyta, kad šis būdas turi nemažai trūkumu. Tai susije su pernelyg dideliu pasitikejimu privačiomis investicijomis, del kuriu projektas susiduria su finansine rizika, bei pernelyg pabrežiamu galimybiu sukūrimu, o ne socialines aplinkos pagerinimu skurdžiuose kvartaluose. Šiame darbe siūloma i urbanistinius atnaujinimo projektus itraukti kaštu ir naudos analize (CBA) bei pasirinkčiu kainodaros (OP) metodika, kuri laikoma tinkamesne urbanistiniams pertvarkymams ivertinti. Ši metodika taikoma Londono doku pertvarkymams vertinti, norint parodyti socialiniu kaštu bei naudos itraukimo i vertinima svarba bei strategine valdymo pasirinkčiu verte. Be to, pagrindiniai veiksniai urbanistiniu pertvarkymu projekte taip pat nustatomi analizes, turinčios esmine itaka projekto sekmei, metodu.
THE PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL POTENTIAL OF LITHUANIAN PROPERTY VALUERS
Authors: Galiniene Birute , Marčinskas Albinas , Deveikis Steponas
Published: December 2018

Lithuania is a small developing market economy which inherited the specific soviet economic structure and so‐called “homus sovieticus” mentality which excluded a possibility for business of property valuation. Within a historically short period of time Lithuania moved from the closed soviet economic area into the area of global economy, which presented different business valuation criteria. Taking the above into account, let us evaluate the professional and ethical potential of Lithuanian property valuers, who have played and will be playing a significant role in the country's economic development, and see whether this potential will enable them to become full‐fledged members of the Western property valuers’ community.
SYSTEM FOR REAL TIME SUPPORT IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS SELECTION
Authors: Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Kaklauskas Artūras , Banaitis Audrius , Trinkūnas Vaidotas
Published: December 2018

The significant part of the constructions’ value consists of construction materials price. With the aim of using financial resources for the construction effectively, it is very important that well considered and reasonable decisions should be made regarding the selection of construction materials. Most of all construction on‐line systems seek to find how to make the most economic construction decisions and essentially these decisions are intended only for economic objectives. Construction alternatives that are under evaluation have to be evaluated not only from the economic position, but also take into consideration qualitative, technical, technological and other characteristics. Additionally, in seeking to facilitate the work of decision‐makers, computer technologies are used that operates according to particular models. These models are based on special mathematical methods in order to facilitate decision‐making and apply to a certain decision area. In this article, the possibilities of applying methods for popular decision‐making are analyzed regarding the selection of construction materials.
AN ANALYSIS OF LAND PRICES: A STRUCTURAL TIME‐SERIES APPROACH
Authors: Hannonen Marko
Published: December 2018

This paper analyses spatio‐temporal variation of land prices in two single localities by means of structural time series modelling formalism that combines the flexibility of a time series model with that of the interpretation of a regression analysis. The extension of conventional hedonic models by introducing unobserved components for trend and cycle resulted to significant improvements in their post‐sample predictive accuracy. In predictive testing, for most model formulations the unobserved component approach generated only a marginal average prediction error when compared to the orthodox hedonic models, which, in contrast, yielded to a considerable amount of systematic prediction error. It therefore seems that the structural time‐series modelling paradigm offers a more viable alternative to the hedonic analysis of land prices than the conventional approach based on least squares estimates. The effect of slope component in the trend specification was found to be statistically insignificant, which implies that the elementary local level model would be the most adequate description of the long‐term land price movements.
BUSINESS POTENTIAL IN SENIOR SERVICES
Authors: Nummelin Johanna
Published: December 2018

Europe and generally the western societies are aging rapidly. Public sector in many countries is facing difficulties to keep up the same level of social and health care services as before. The size of younger generations diminishes and the amount of people that need to be supported will increase in relation to working population. Still the challenges that aging society bring are not fully recognized. Beside negative challenges, aging society raises new kinds of opportunities, new business potential. The change will be so rapid that new construction cannot fulfil the need for specialised housing. Moreover, specialized senior housing may not even be what aged consumers want.

The biggest market potential can be seen in existing building stock, which needs to be renovated to meet changing needs. Existing building stock has been built for healthy working age generations. Besides renovation, the new needs can be met by new type of services and service concepts. These services are called here senior services. This paper consists of an analysis of different factors that affect demand and supply of senior services. Financing is discussed briefly together with wealth issues. Ideas of new business opportunities have been described following the actor groups and senior service classification.
BUILDING URBAN LOCAL GOVERNANCE FISCAL AUTONOMY THROUGH PROPERTY TAXATION FINANCING OPTION
Authors: Aluko Bioye Tajudeen
Published: December 2018

The continued productivity of urban economies depends upon the provision of urban infrastructure and social services. And, a large share of the service‐provision role is conventionally assigned to local government as tastes and preferences vary among individuals and communities. This requires financing the public expenditures and, although, there are other sources of revenue, taxation is very central to effective and efficient service‐delivery. The paper, therefore, examines the role of property taxation in this regard with a view to promoting and building urban local governance autonomy in cities of developing world. The paper also examines the essentials of a good property tax and problems of its administration in Africa urban local governments. Consequently, a prima facie case for property tax reforms is made in order to improve the revenue‐generating potentials of the tax. More importantly, the paper concludes that the real challenge towards sustainable fiscal autonomy for urban local governance in developing countries is to rally all actors or stakeholders at the policy planning and administration of property tax stages. This will ensure effective mobilization of all for the success of such tax.
EVALUATION OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES IN CHINA USING FUZZY‐LOGIC SYSTEM
Authors: Perng Yeng-Horng , Hsueh Sung-Lin , Yan Min-Ren
Published: December 2018

There is a large demand for and a large profit potential in the Chinese housing market. However, foreign investors still suffer high risk because they are unfamiliar with the complexities of this enormous market. This paper presents the issues associated with housing sales in the People's Republic of China and the applications of Fuzzy Logic and Delphi Method to the prediction of sales performance in China's housing. Furthermore, the study presents the concept of an AND/OR logic gate based model, so that expert knowledge can be converted through computation into the needed rules for decision making related to housing sales performance prediction. The logic gate model is useful for ‘if‐then’ rule analysis, monitoring during the model building and amendment process, and in model maintenance in the later stages of its application. The aim of the described model is to provide a computer‐based decision support tool for foreign investors and contractors in evaluating beforehand the business feasibility of entering the Chinese housing market.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND PROPERTY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIETAL TRANSFORMATIONS: STRATEGIC DECISION‐MAKING
Authors: Melnikas Borisas
Published: December 2018

The urgent problems of urban development and strategic property management in the context of economic, social, political transformations in the society are analyzed. The possibilities of multicriteria strategic decision‐making are described. The following objects are analyzed: urban development under the conditions of transformations as a major research object in the area of strategic property management; cities and their development as an environment of property creation and accumulation; transformation processes as general context of the urban development and of the creation and accumulation of property; the major trends of the transformation processes in Central and Eastern Europe, the main criteria and indicators of them; the evaluation criteria used in the area of urban development and property strategic management in the conditions of transformation processes; multicriteria decision‐making in the area of urban development and property strategic management.
On the Magnetar Origin of the GRBs Presenting X-Ray Afterglow Plateaus
Authors: Stratta Giulia , Dainotti Maria Giovanna , Dall’Osso Simone , Hernandez X. , De Cesare Giovanni
Published: December 2018

The X-ray afterglow plateau emission observed in many gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been interpreted as being fueled either by fallback onto a newly formed black hole or by the spin-down luminosity of an ultra-magnetized millisecond neutron star. If the latter model is assumed, GRB X-ray afterglow light curves can be reproduced analytically. We fit a sample of GRB X-ray plateaus, interestingly yielding a distribution in the diagram of magnetic field versus spin period (B–P) consistent with B ∝ P
7/6, which is consistent with GRB expectations of the well-established physics of the spin-up line for accreting Galactic X-ray pulsars. The normalization of the relation that we obtain perfectly matches spin-up line predictions for typical neutron star masses (∼1 M
⊙) and radii (∼10 km), and for mass accretion rates typically expected in GRBs,

. Short GRBs with extended emission (SEEs) appear toward the long-period end of the distribution, and long GRBs (LGRBs) toward the short-period end. This result is consistent with expectations from the spin-up limit, where the total accreted mass determines the position of the neutron star in the B–P diagram. The B–P distributions for LGRBs and SEEs are statistically different, further supporting the idea that the fundamental plane relation—a tri-dimensional correlation between the X-ray luminosity at the end of the plateau, the end time of the plateau, and the 1 s peak luminosity in the prompt emission—is a powerful discriminant among those populations. Our conclusions are robust against suppositions regarding the collimation angle of the GRB and the magnetar braking index, which shift the resulting properties of the magnetar parallel to the spin-up line, and strongly support a magnetar origin for GRBs presenting X-ray plateaus.
Evidence of Twisting and Mixed-polarity Solar Photospheric Magnetic Field in Large Penumbral Jets: IRIS and Hinode Observations
Authors: Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Moore Ronald L. , De Pontieu Bart , Tarbell Theodore D. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Winebarger Amy R. , Sterling Alphonse C.
Published: December 2018

A recent study using Hinode (Solar Optical Telescope/Filtergraph [SOT/FG]) data of a sunspot revealed some unusually large penumbral jets that often repeatedly occurred at the same locations in the penumbra, namely, at the tail of a penumbral filament or where the tails of multiple penumbral filaments converged. These locations had obvious photospheric mixed-polarity magnetic flux in Na i 5896 Stokes-V images obtained with SOT/FG. Several other recent investigations have found that extreme-ultraviolet (EUV)/X-ray coronal jets in quiet-Sun regions (QRs), in coronal holes (CHs), and near active regions (ARs) have obvious mixed-polarity fluxes at their base, and that magnetic flux cancellation prepares and triggers a minifilament flux-rope eruption that drives the jet. Typical QR, CH, and AR coronal jets are up to 100 times bigger than large penumbral jets, and in EUV/X-ray images they show a clear twisting motion in their spires. Here, using Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) Mg ii k λ2796 SJ images and spectra in the penumbrae of two sunspots, we characterize large penumbral jets. We find redshift and blueshift next to each other across several large penumbral jets, and we interpret these as untwisting of the magnetic field in the jet spire. Using Hinode/SOT (FG and SP) data, we also find mixed-polarity magnetic flux at the base of these jets. Because large penumbral jets have a mixed-polarity field at their base and have a twisting motion in their spires, they might be driven the same way as QR, CH, and AR coronal jets.
The Evolution of Molecular Gas Fraction Traced by the CO Tully–Fisher Relation
Authors: Isbell Jacob W. , Xue Rui , Fu Hai
Published: December 2018

Carbon monoxide (CO) observations show a luminosity−line width correlation that evolves with redshift. We present a method to use CO measurements alone to infer the molecular gas fraction (f
mol) and constrain the CO−H2 conversion factor (α
CO). We compile from the literature spatially integrated low-J CO observations of six galaxy populations, including a total of 449 galaxies between 0.01 ≤ z ≤ 3.26. The CO data of each population provide an estimate of the

-normalized mean molecular gas fraction (f
mol/α
CO). The redshift evolution of the luminosity−line width correlation thus indicates an evolution of f
mol/α
CO. We use a Bayesian-based Monte Carlo Markov Chain sampler to derive the posterior probability distribution functions of f
mol/α
CO for these galaxy populations, accounting for random inclination angles and measurement errors in the likelihood function. We find that the molecular gas fraction evolves rapidly with redshift,

with β ≃ 2, for both normal star-forming and starburst galaxies. Furthermore, the evolution trend agrees well with that inferred from the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation and the star-forming main sequence. Finally, at z < 0.1 normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs) require a ∼5× larger α
CO than starburst galaxies to match their molecular gas fractions, but at z > 1 both star-forming types exhibit sub-Galactic α
CO values and normal SFGs appear more gas rich than starbursts. Future applications of this method include calibrating Tully–Fisher relations without inclination correction and inferring the evolution of the atomic gas fraction with H i observations.
A Cross-Sectional Study Examining the Correlation between Nocturnal Melatonin Level and Sleep Quality in Patients Admitted To the Cardiac Care Unit
Authors: Kamkar Mohammad Zaman , Rezvani Khorshidi Sommayeh , Alinaghi Maddah Seideh Mahrokh , Emami Zeydi Amir , Modanloo Mahnaz
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Quality of sleep, as a basic need, is an important factor for surviving patients in hospitals. Many factors may contribute to disturbing patients sleep, such as continuous ambient light, is required for healthcare providers to monitor patients. Ambient light can influence patients' quality of sleep due to melatonin secretion.
AIM: Study aimed to determine the correlation between nocturnal melatonin levels and sleep quality in patients admitted to the Cardiac Care Units (CCU).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done on inpatients of CCUs at Amir-Almomenin Hospital in Kordkoy city, a cardiac referral hospital in the northeastern of Iran in 2015. Sixty-eight inpatients were selected through convenience sampling. Before data gathering light level of CCUs was measured every one hour in 2 days, the quality of nocturnal sleep was investigated through Verran and Snyder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale at the second night of admission urinary melatonin level was measured at the same night in all urine excreted between 22:00 pm and 07:00 am.
RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation (SD) score of sleep quality in three dimensions of sleep disturbance, sleep effectiveness and sleep supplementation were 336.6 ± 149.9, 269.0 ± 82.2, and 175.2 ± 30.7, respectively. Also, the mean and SD of nocturnal urinary melatonin levels was 323.02 ± 136.21 pg/ml. There was not a significant correlation between level of nocturnal melatonin and three domains of sleep quality; sleep disturbance (r = 0.005, P = 0.968), sleep effectiveness (r = 0.090, P = 0.464), and sleep supplementation (r = -0.037, P = 0.763).
CONCLUSION: According to the result, most CCUs patients suffer from sleep disturbance. However, there was no correlation between the level of melatonin and sleep quality. There is a need for recognising the reasons for sleep disturbances in Cardiac Care Units. It is imperative for care providers to be able to recognise the causes of sleep disturbances and to modify environmental factors such as ambient light to improve sleep quality in hospitalised patients.
Evidence of cryptic species in the blenniid Cirripectes alboapicalis species complex, with zoogeographic implications for the South Pacific
Authors: Delrieu-Trottin Erwan , Liggins Libby , Trnski Thomas , Williams Jeffrey T. , Neglia Valentina , Rapu-Edmunds Cristian , Planes Serge , Saenz-Agudelo Pablo
Published: December 2018

Rapa Nui, commonly known as Easter Island (Chile), is one of the most isolated tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean. The island location of Rapa Nui makes it the easternmost point of the geographic ranges for many western Pacific fish species that are restricted to the subtropical islands south of 20°S latitude. The blenniid fish speciesCirripectesalboapicalishas been thought to have one of the most extensive geographic distribution ranges among these southern subtropical fish species, extending from the southern Great Barrier Reef to Rapa Nui. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the taxonomic status of the species. The results provide genetic evidence that suggests that this formerly South Pacific-wide species comprises at least three cryptic species with allopatric geographic distributions. The analyses reveal the geographic distributions of these clades and their genetic relationships with each other, and with other species within the genusCirripectes. The processes that culminated in the current geographic distribution of this species complex and the zoogeographic implications of this finding for the South Pacific region are discussed.
L’annonce des résultats annuels par les sociétés du CAC 40 – Étude des pratiques de communication
Authors: Michaïlesco Céline
Published: December 2018

L’article s’intéresse au communiqué de presse d’annonce des résultats annuels. En tant que dispositif d’information périodique, son contenu, peu contraint, laisse aux sociétés cotées une latitude pour présenter leurs performances le plus favorablement possible. Ceci peut induire une manipulation opportuniste du message dommageable à l’investisseur. En utilisant deux mesures de gestion des impressions (un indice de lisibilité et un indice de positivité), l’étude présentée ici montre une pratique généralisée de la positivité dans les communiqués de presse des sociétés du CAC 40. Cette positivité est d’autant plus prononcée pour les sociétés dont les performances s’améliorent. La gestion des impressions – l’autoglorification – mise en évidence n’est, cependant, pas dépourvue d’un message implicite sur la persistance du résultat dans le temps. Une gestion opportuniste des impressions n’est pas démontrée par les résultats de l’étude. Ils soulignent plutôt le rôle joué par le communiqué de presse d’annonce des résultats dans le renforcement de la confiance entre la société et ses investisseurs.
Le rapport à l’espace-temps dans la mobilité spatiale urbaine et son impact sur l’activité de shopping
Authors: Welté Jean-Baptiste
Published: December 2018

La mobilité spatiale s’inscrit dans un mouvement d’accélération générale qui fragmente les trajectoires linéaires et augmente les opportunités des passants. Cet article étudie le rapport à l’espace-temps des individus en mobilité dans l’espace urbain. En s’appuyant sur une méthodologie ethnographique en situation dans le quartier Châtelet Les Halles à Paris, cinq mobilités distinctes sont identifiées : la traversée, l’exploration, l’excursion, l’appropriation et l’occupation. Des implications concernant les parcours marchands sont identifiées, notamment concernant les activités de shopping sans achat.
Time for Waste, Waste of Time? Assessing Heterogeneous Values of Saving Time from Recycling
Authors: Beaumais Olivier , Prunetti Dominique
Published: December 2018

Bien qu’il soit clairement établi que le coût d’opportunité du temps consacré au recyclage constitue un déterminant essentiel des décisions des ménages en matière de tri des déchets, très peu de travaux empiriques ont tenté d’en fournir une estimation. Dans ce travail, nous proposons un modèle de prise de décision des ménages en termes de tri des déchets incluant des motivations pécuniaires et non-pécuniaires, telles que celles liées à des normes sociales ou morales, qui permet de mettre en évidence l’hétérogénéité des valeurs du gain de temps consacré au recyclage. Les résultats de notre modèle sont testés en utilisant des données issues d’une étude basée sur la méthode des choix expérimentaux discrets conduite en 2008 en Corse et estimées en utilisant un modèle logit de classement ordonné à classes latentes. Les résultats permettent d’établir que les valeurs du gain de temps consacré au recyclage sont fortement hétérogènes entre les individus puisqu’elles sont comprises entre 8 % et 76 % de leur revenu.
An Ordinal Approach to the Measurement of Inequality in Asset Ownership: Methodology and an Application to Mexican Data
Authors: Berenger Valérie , Deutsch Joseph , Silber Jacques , Soloaga Isidro
Published: December 2018

Les indices d’actifs basés sur la possession de biens durables et les caractéristiques du logement sont très souvent utilisés comme mesure de la richesse lorsqu’aucune donnée n’est disponible sur le revenu ou les dépenses. Dans ce papier, nous proposons une approche ordinale pour estimer la richesse des ménages (individus) dès que l’on ne dispose que de données sur les actifs. L’analyse des correspondances nous permet d’obtenir un classement des corrélations entre les divers actifs et le premier facteur qui est une variable latente censée représenter le niveau de vie. Nous utilisons ensuite ce classement des corrélations des actifs pour calculer des indices d’inégalité ordinale qui ont été introduits récemment dans la littérature. Nous exploitons également l’information concernant la proportion d’individus possédant chaque type d’actifs pour calculer à nouveau des indices d’inégalité ordinale de la possession d’actifs. Notre analyse empirique, qui est basée sur des données couvrant les différents états du Mexique en 2000 et 2010, montre que la corrélation entre les indices d’inégalité ordinale dans la possession d’actifs, obtenus à partir de l’analyse des correspondances, et les indices de Gini traditionnels mesurant l’inégalité des revenus, est élevée. Cette corrélation est même plus élevée que celle qui est obtenue lorsque l’on compare ces indices de Gini et les indices d’inégalité ordinale calculés à partir de la proportion d’actifs possédés par les ménages.
De Vichy à la Résistance : le bâtonnier Jacques Charpentier
Authors: Ozanam Yves
Published: December 2018

Bâtonnier du barreau de Paris de 1938 à 1945, Jacques Charpentier (1881-1974) est une figure complexe et controversée. Sous sa présidence, le conseil de l’Ordre applique la législation xénophobe et antisémite de l’État français, qui exclut du barreau plusieurs centaines d’avocats. Mais Charpentier marque aussi sa volonté d’indépendance. À partir de 1943, il agit de concert avec les résistants du Front national judiciaire (FNJ), mouvement animé par son confrère Joë Nordmann, puis passe dans la clandestinité et participe activement à la résistance judiciaire.
René Parodi, le martyr de la résistance judiciaire
Authors: Jean Jean-Paul
Published: December 2018

René Parodi, frère d’Alexandre Parodi, était substitut au tribunal de la Seine, lorsqu’il s’engagea très tôt dans la Résistance active contre l’occupant, aux côtés de son collègue Maurice Rolland. Arrêté par la Gestapo en avril 1942, il fut découvert mort par pendaison dans sa cellule de la prison de Fresnes après avoir été torturé par les Allemands. À la Libération, tel un symbole, il devint le martyr de la résistance judiciaire, dont le rappel de l’engagement et du sacrifice devait légitimer, lors des procès de la collaboration, un corps professionnel mis en cause pour son attitude sous le régime de Vichy.
François de Menthon, le garde des Sceaux oublié (4 septembre 1943-30 mai 1945)
Authors: Dreyfus Paul
Published: December 2018

François de Menthon, universitaire, agrégé de droit et professeur d’économie politique, a été nommé commissaire à la Justice, à Alger, par de Gaulle, en 1943. Il fut le premier garde des Sceaux de la Libération et mit en œuvre les instances de l’Épuration. Ce républicain catholique entreprit de réconcilier la justice et la nation. Il engagea la réforme des prisons et est le signataire de l’ordonnance du 2 février 1945 relative à l’enfance délinquante.
Maurice Patin, directeur des Affaires criminelles et des Grâces (24 août 1944-1 er août 1946)
Authors: Humbert Sylvie
Published: December 2018

Maurice Patin, gaulliste de la première heure, accepte en août 1944 de prendre la direction des Affaires criminelles et des Grâces (DACG) afin de participer à la reconstruction de la justice. Pendant deux années, il travaille intensément à la remise en marche de la justice pénale. Homme-orchestre de la légalité républicaine, il travaille directement auprès du général de Gaulle, pour lequel il instruit les dossiers de demande de grâce des condamnés à mort de l’Épuration.
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia and Crouzon Syndrome
Authors: Eves Doireann , O'Connor Shona J. , Boyle Michael A.
Published: December 2018

Crouzon syndrome is the most common cause of syndromic craniosynostosis. The authors present a previously unreported association between Crouzon syndrome and optic nerve hypoplasia. A male infant was transferred to the center for treatment of respiratory distress. He was diagnosed as having dysmorphic features, a membranous choanal stenossi bilaterally, and bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. Genetic testing confirmed a molecular diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome. He had a complicated course in relation to choanal stenosis management, and was discharged home at 10 weeks of age. Although uncommon in Crouzon syndrome, the association with optic nerve hypoplasia changes the initial work-up and the management of parental expectations.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55:e45–e48.]
Acute Onset Esotropia From Excessive Smartphone Use in a Teenager
Authors: Mehta Aditya , Greensher Jocelyn E. , Dahl Georg J. , Miller Kyle E.
Published: December 2018

Acute acquired comitant esotropia secondary to smart-phone use is a newly described phenomenon. This case report describes a boy with acute acquired comitant esotropia due to prolonged smartphone use who had improvement in binocular function after cessation of near work for several weeks.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55:e42–e44.]
Progressive Retinal Findings in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Sedarous Fady , Makar Inas
Published: December 2018

Ocular involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome is rare and in most cases presents with retinal ischemia, hemorrhages, and neovascularization. The authors describe the progression of retinal involvement as a rare complication of typical hemolytic uremic syndrome in a 2-year-old boy. Progression of retinal findings were demonstrated with serial fundus photographs. All children who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome have an early ocular consultation and regular ophthalmic follow-up. Early and regular ophthalmic examinations will be useful to expand the understanding of this rare ocular complication and to guide treatment options.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55:e49–e51.]
Long-term Refractive Results of Myopic LASIK Complicated With Intraoperative Epithelial Defects
Authors: Esquenazi Salomon , Bui Viet
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term refractive results of LASIK for myopia complicated with intraoperative epithelial defects.

METHODS: Twenty-six eyes with epithelial defects on the LASIK flap were compared with the contralateral eye that had no intraoperative complications. Pre- and postoperative data were compared between the two groups including 3-, 6- and 12-month postoperative spherical equivalent refraction, amount of undercorrection, and complications.

RESULTS: Eyes with intraoperative epithelial defects showed more undercorrection at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (P<.05). No statistically significant difference was noted at 12 months. Twenty (76%) eyes in the epithelial defect group lost best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) at 3 months postoperatively compared with 2 (7%) eyes in the control group. By 1 year, however, only 2 (7%) eyes in the epithelial defect group and no eyes in the control group lost >1 line of BSCVA. Diffuse lamellar keratitis was observed in 15 (58%) of 26 eyes with epithelial defects and these eyes had more undercorrections at 6 and 12 months (P<.05) and higher corneal irregularity index at 6 and 12 months compared with controls (P<.05). Eyes with small epithelial defects (>1 mm2 to <3 mm2) had more undercorrections at 6 months (-1.08 ±0.76 diopters [D]) compared with the control group (-0.46±0.87 D). Eyes with centrally located epithelial defects had more undercorrections and increased corneal irregularity index compared with controls (P<.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative epithelial defects after LASIK should be considered a severe complication that may result in diffuse lamellar keratitis, induce loss of BSCVA, prolong recovery of visual acuity, and induce undercorrection. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:54-60.]
Autologous Serum Eye Drops for Dry Eye After LASIK
Authors: Noda-Tsuruya Tomoko , Asano-Kato Naoko , Toda Ikuko , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous serum eye drops for dry eye after LASIK in a prospective, randomized study.

METHODS: Fifty-four eyes of 27 male patients who underwent LASIK were divided into two groups; patients who used autologous serum eye drops and those who used artificial tears postoperatively. Schirmer test with anesthesia, tear break-up time (BUT), and rose bengal and fluorescein staining for the ocular surface were prospectively compared between the groups. All values were also compared before and after surgery (at 1 week [except for Schirmer test], 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months) in each group.

RESULTS: Tear BUT was greater in the autologous serum eye drops group than in the artificial tears group at 6 months postoperatively. Rose bengal score was lower in patients using autologous serum eye drops than in patients using artificial tears at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. No significant difference was noted between patients using autologous serum eye drops and patients using artificial tears in the value of Schirmer test with anesthesia and fluorescein scores. In the autologous serum eye drops group, tear BUT was increased at 3 months after LASIK, rose bengal score was lower at 1 month and 3 months, and fluorescein score was lower at 1 month after LASIK compared to preoperative values, respectively. In the artificial tears group, all values (Schirmer test, tear BUT, rose bengal score, and fluorescein score) showed no differences between before and after LASIK. No differences were noted in the subjective scores for dryness between the autologous serum eye drops and artificial tears groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The autologous serum eye drops group showed prolongation of the tear BUT and a reduction in rose bengal staining score. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:61-66.]
Two-step LASIK With Topography-guided Ablation to Correct Astigmatism After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Mularoni Alessandro , Laffi Gian Luca , Bassein Leona , Tassinari Giorgio
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy, predictability, stability, and safety of a two-step LASIK procedure using topography-guided ablation to correct astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty.

METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 15 patients underwent a two-step LASIK procedure at the Maggiore Hospital of Bologna, Italy. In the first step, a flap was created using the Hansatome microkeratome. In the second step, topography-guided ablation using the LaserSight LSX was planned with interactive software (CIPTA) once topographical and refractive stabilization had been obtained. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), cylindrical correction, gain of lines of BSCVA, spherical equivalent refraction, and complications were analyzed.

RESULTS: Minimum follow-up was 12 months (range: 12 to 30 months). Uncorrected visual acuity improved in all 15 (100%) eyes. At the last postoperative examination, 11 (73%) eyes had UCVA ^20/40. Nine (60%) eyes were within 1.0 diopter (D) of the attempted correction. Mean postoperative astigmatism was -1.67 (range: -3.5 to 0; standard deviation: 1.26). Index of success of astigmatic correction was 0.26. No patient lost Snellen lines of BSCVA. Intraoperative complications included two buttonhole flaps, and postoperative complications included one flap retraction. No further laser treatment was needed.

CONCLUSIONS: The two-step LASIK procedure using topography-guided ablation reduces spherical and cylindrical refractive error due to penetrating keratoplasty. Topography-guided ablation also proved to be effective in correcting irregular astigmatism. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:67-74.]
Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Following LASIK: Determination of the New Effective Index of Refraction
Authors: Jarade Elias F , Nader Françoise C Abi , Tabbara Khalid F
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the new corneal effective index of refraction (rN) following LASIK to be used for accurate keratometry reading (K- reading).

METHODS: A total of 332 eyes that underwent myopic LASIK were divided into two groups (group A [n=137] and group B [n=195]). In each group, patients were divided into four subgroups according to the amount of spherical equivalent refraction of myopic LASIK ablation (subgroup 1 [<-4.0 D], subgroup 2 [-4.0 to <-8.0 D], subgroup 3 [-8.0 to -12.0 D], and subgroup 4 [>-12.0 D]). In each subgroup of group A, K- reading was measured by the clinical history method and the new corneal effective index (rN) was determined using paraxial formula: (Kreading=(rN-l)/Ra), where Ra is the radius of curvature of the anterior corneal surface. In group B, the anterior radius of curvature of the cornea was determined by automated K- reading, and K- reading was measured in each subgroup using the new effective index in paraxial formula, clinical history method, and automated K- reading.

RESULTS: In group A, the new effective index of refraction was 1.3355, 1.3286, 1.3237, and 1.3172 in the four subgroups, respectively. In group B, the mean K- reading measurements using rN in paraxial formula, clinical history method, and automated K-reading were: 40.33±1.68 D, 40.33±1.67 D, and 40.54±1.69 D, respectively, in subgroup 1; 37.96±1.26 D, 38.03±1.38 D, and 38.98±1.28 D, respectively, in subgroup 2; 35.77±1.75 D, 35.84±1.85 D, and 37.29±1.83 D, respectively, in subgroup 3; and 34.03±1.49 D, 34.15±1.84 D, and 36.21±1.59 D, respectively, in subgroup 4. In all subgroups of group B, the results of K-reading obtained using the new effective index of refraction were statistically similar to the results obtained by clinical history method (P>.05). Automated K-reading statistically overestimated the K-reading values in subgroups 2, 3, and 4 of group B (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The use of the new corneal effective index of refraction allows for an accurate derivation of K-reading from the anterior radius of curvature. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:75-80.]
Conductive Keratoplasty for Presbyopia: 1-year Results
Authors: Stahl Jason E
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the safety, efficacy, and stability of conductive keratoplasty (CK) in the treatment of presbyopia.

METHODS: Ten near plano presbyopic patients (6 women and 4 men) underwent unilateral CK in the non-dominant eye to improve their near vision. Mean age was 51±3.1 years (range: 46 to 56 years). The surgeries were the author's first 10 CK procedures performed. The postoperative target for these eyes ranged from -1.25 to -1.75 diopters (D).

RESULTS: Preoperative mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) was -0.18±0.27 D (range: -0.75 to -0.25 D), yielding a mean near uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of J10 (range: J12 to J5). Twelve months after CK, the mean near UCVA was J1 (range: J3 to J1) with 90% (9/10) eyes J1 and 100% (10/10) eyes J3 or better. The mean MRSE was -1.31±0.53 D (range: -2.25 to -0.75 D). Treated eyes lost an average of 2.2 ±2 lines (range: 0 to 5) of distance UCVA but gained an average of 8.7±2 lines (range: 4 to 11) of near UCVA. No eye lost best spectacle-corrected visual acuity or had induced cylinder ≥0.75 D. Nine (90%) of 10 patients had binocular distance UCVA ≤20/20 and near UCVA ≤J1 and all 10 (100%) patients had binocular distance UCVA ≤20/25 and near UCVA ≤J3.

CONCLUSIONS: Conductive keratoplasty for the treatment of presbyopia provided safe and effective results 1 year following the initial surgery. Longer follow-up will be needed to describe refractive stability. The mean near and distance UCVA results were better than expected for the amount of refractive change observed during this study. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:137-144.]
Monochromatic Aberrations in Eyes With Different Intraocular Lens Optic Designs
Authors: Padmanabhan Prema , Rao Srinivas K , Jayasree R , Chowdhry Mitalee , Roy J
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study the wavefront aberration profile of eyes with three different types of intraocular lenses (IOLs)-the Teen is Z9000 (modified prolate surface design) (Pfizer, New York, NY), the Acrysof MA60BM (unequal biconvex optic) (Alcon, Ft Worth, Tex), and the Sensar Optiedge AR40e (equibiconvex optic) (AMO, Santa Ana, Calif)-in eyes following cataract surgery.

METHODS: This study was conducted in two parts. The first part was a randomized open study of 32 eyes of 16 patients who underwent bilateral phacoemulsification with a foldable IOL in the capsular bag. A Tecnis Z9000 IOL was implanted in one eye and an Acrysof MA60BM IOL in the fellow eye. The ALLEGRETTO WAVE Analyzer (Wavelight Laser Technologies AG, Erlangen, Germany) was used to measure ocular aberrations 2 weeks after surgery. A paired t test was used to compare each Zernike term from Z^sup -3^
3
to Z
p 6
6
between fellow eyes (pupil diameter = 6 mm). In the second part of the study, the wavefront aberrations of 16 eyes that underwent an identical surgical procedure as in the first part of the study but had a Sensar Optiedge AR40e IOL implanted were studied and compared with eyes with the Tecnis Z9000 and Acrysof MA60BM IOLs.

RESULTS: The mean spherical aberration (Z
p 0
4
) was statistically significantly lower in eyes with a Tecnis Z9000 IOL (Z
p 0
4
= 0.07 ± 0.12 µm) compared with eyes with an Acrysof MA60BM IOL (Z
p 0
4
= 0.29 ± 0.20 µm, P<.001) and with eyes with a Sensar Optiedge AR40e IOL (Z
p 0
4
= 0.20 ± 0.09 µm, P=.002). No statistically significant differences were noted in any of the Zernike terms between eyes with Acrysof MA60BM and Sensar Optiedge AR40e IOLs, or in the root-mean-square (RMS) of total higher order aberrations among the three IOL groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of a Tecnis Z9000 IOL produces a significant reduction in spherical aberration of the eye. No significant differences were noted in the wavefront profile between eyes with Acrysof MA60BM and Sensar Optiedge AR40e IOLs. No significant differences were found in the RMS of total higher order aberrations among the three IOL groups. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:172-177.]
Visual Acuities and Manifest Refractions Prior to LASIK Retreatments
Authors: Kakaria Sandeep K , Kornstein Howard S
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To demonstrate that patients undergoing LASIK retreatments generally have good uncorrected vision and small refractive errors prior to retreatment surgery.

METHODS: A list was generated of all refractive surgery retreatments performed in our four laser centers from August 2003 to July 2004. From this list, a total of 100 patient charts were randomly chosen. Only eyes that had full distance correction with LASIK as the primary surgery were included. The last uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) prior to retreatment were recorded.

RESULTS: For a total of 109 eyes studied, the average UCVA prior to retreatment was 20/36. Eighty-one percent (88/109) of the retreated eyes were already seeing ≥20/40. The average MRSE prior to retreatment was -0.43±0.98 D.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients receiving LASIK retreatments have relatively good uncorrected vision and minimal refractive errors prior to retreatment. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:200-202.]
Contact Lens Wear and IOL Power Calculation Before Cataract Surgery: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Nguyen D Q , Hakin K N
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a case of erroneous corneal measurements, which led to inaccurate predicted intraocular lens (IOL) power.

METHODS: A 60-year-old woman underwent preoperative assessment for cataract surgery. The predicted IOL power was 19.5 D.

RESULTS: Repeated biometry led to different measurements and an 11.0-D powered IOL was inserted. The predicted IOL power was incorrect, as the patient had worn contact lenses during the preoperative assessment.

CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that errors can occur, and it is essential to fully understand the principles of biometry and the refractive issues of cataract surgery to avoid postoperative refractive errors. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:204.]
Hyperopic LASIK Following Intracorneal Hydrogel Lens Explantation
Authors: Alió Jorge L , Shabayek Mohamed H
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report hyperopic LASIK results after intracorneal hydrogel lens explantation in a bilateral hyperopic patient.

METHODS: Slit-lamp examination showed diffuse corneal opacity around the lens edge and over the anterior lens surface affecting both eyes with uncorrected visual acuity of 0.4 in the right eye and 0.5 in the left eye.

RESULTS: The intracorneal hydrogel lenses were explanted, and 6 months later hyperopic LASIK using the Schwind ESIRIS excimer laser (Schwind, Kleinostheim, Germany) was performed after lifting the same flap for the intracorneal hydrogel lens implantation. Six months after hyperopic LASIK, visual acuity recovered to the initial preoperative best spectacle-corrected levels: right eye 0.8 with +1.50 D sphere and left eye 0.9 with +1.00 -0.50 × 90°. Central corneal transparency also fully recovered.

CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK is a possible alternative after intracorneal hydrogel lens explantation in hyperopic eyes. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:205-207.]