bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The long hand of workers’ ownership: Performing transformation in the Uljanik Shipyard in Yugoslavia/Croatia, 1970-2018
Authors: Brunnbauer Ulf , Hodges Andrew
Published: December 2019

In 2012, the large Uljanik shipyard in Pula (Croatia) was finally privatized, as a result of pressure from the European Union. The new owners were the workers (and pensioners) of the shipyard. History seemed to have come full circle: thanks to ‘privatization’, a previously ‘socially owned’ Yugoslav enterprise returned once again into the hands of workers. Yet, a closer look reveals that much has changed both on the shop floor and in the business strategies of the firm. In this article, we discuss performances of transformation relating to the Uljanik shipyard over the period from 1970 to the present, drawing on archival research, observations made in Pula and interviews with Uljanik workers. The article reveals how workers, managers and state officials understood their roles on the stage of this enterprise, and how they interrelated. Various important paradoxes relating to the ‘transformation’ from Yugoslav self-management to self-managed capitalism are revealed in the process. These experiences help to explain the difficulties in restructuring shipbuilding in Croatia today.
Herring politics: Northern Scotland’s herring fishing industry, 1660-1707
Authors: Klinger Patrick J.
Published: December 2019

This research note explores the interactions between environmental change and cultural response in a case study focused on the diminution of the northern Scottish North Sea herring fishing industry from c. 1660 to 1707 and its role in the Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707. Through an interdisciplinary approach utilizing archival sources of fishing data and proxy sources, this study traces these additional causes of the decline in the Scottish herring industry in northern Scotland and argues that the herring decline was also driven by climatic and environmental change. In addition, it explores where the herring went and why, and demonstrates how a decline of the herring industry affected people in fishing communities in northern Scotland and created groups that supported union between Scotland and England.
The Battle of the Atlantic: The environmental front of World War II
Authors: Andriessen Samuel
Published: December 2019

This article examines the potential environmental impact in one specific theatre of World War II during a specific time frame. The study begins with an examination of the major oil spills that occurred after the 1960s to place them in a relationship with the cumulative effects of smaller spills, which best describe the numerous individual spills during 1942. It provides historical detail into the German offensive against North American shipping to establish a general scale of the resulting oil spills. Finally, it will describe the environmental impacts and assess current efforts to mitigate risks of continued oil exposure from shipwrecks in sensitive marine ecosystems. This establishes the theoretical framework to answer, at least in part, the question of whether a rapid succession of small spills would cause as much damage as large spills.
Incidence of Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khot Zaid , Murphy Patrick B. , Sela Nathalie , Parry Neil G. , Vogt Kelly , Ball Ian M.
Published: December 2019

Objective:

To determine the contemporary prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill patients.

Data Sources:

Medline, Embase, and Central databases.

Study Selection:

Studies reporting on the prevalence of IAH in consecutively admitted critically ill patients using the World Society of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (WSACS) consensus guidelines for intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement.

Data Extraction:

Duplicate independent review and data abstraction.

Data Synthesis:

The search identified 2428 titles with 6 eligible studies (n = 1965). Reported prevalence ranged from 30% to 49%. Despite abiding by the WSACS guidelines for IAP measurement, studies varied in their definition of IAH, frequency and duration of IAP measurement, and reporting of outcomes. Three of 6 studies reported that IAH, especially at higher grades, was an independent predictor of mortality.

Conclusions:

Intra-abdominal hypertension is a common finding in critically ill patients and may be associated with increased mortality, especially at higher grades. Further prospective research is required to examine the effect of screening and treatment of IAH on patient outcomes.
Soya protein isolate-polyethylene oxide electrospun nanofiber membrane with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell for enhanced bone regeneration
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jung , Abueva Celine DG , Padalhin Andrew R , Lee Byong-Taek
Published: December 2019

In this study, we prepared an electrospun nanofiber membrane from soya protein isolate (SPI) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) loaded with rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC), as a cell-scaffold approach to enhance bone regeneration. Different ratios of SPI:PEO (7:0, 7:1, 7:3, 7:5, and 0:7) was investigated to obtain uniform nanofibers, and crosslinked with EDC/NHS to stabilize the membranes. SPI/PEO membrane (7:3) was found to create more uniform and stable nanofibers at a flow rate of 9 µL/min, spun in a cylindrical collector rotating at 350 r/min, 23 kV DC voltage, and needle tip to collector distance of 13 cm. The loaded rBMSC were pre-differentiated to ensure commitment towards osteoblastic lineage. The SPI/PEO electrospun nanofiber membranes were successful in allowing for cell attachment and growth of the rBMSC and was further investigated in vivo using a rat skull defect model. New bone formation was observed for the optimized SPI/PEO electrospun nanofiber membrane (7:3) with and without rBMSC, but with faster new bone formation for SPI/PEO electrospun nanofiber membrane loaded with rBMSC as compared to SPI/PEO electrospun nanofiber membrane only and control (defect only).
Intimate Partner Violence and the Risk of Developing Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Chandan Joht Singh , Thomas Tom , Raza Karim , Bradbury-Jones Caroline , Taylor Julie , Bandyopadhyay Siddhartha , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah
Published: December 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health issue with a variety of ill health consequences associated with exposure. Due to the stimulation of chronic stress and inflammatory pathways, childhood abuse has been associated with the subsequent development of functional syndromes such as fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Although IPV in women appears to elicit similar biochemical responses, this association has not been tested thoroughly in IPV survivors. These functional syndromes are complex in etiology and any indication of their risk factors would benefit health care professionals managing this population. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between exposure to IPV with functional syndromes: fibromyalgia and CFS. We conducted a retrospective open cohort study using “The Heath Improvement Network” database between January 1, 1995 and December 1, 2017. A total of 18,547 women who were exposed to IPV were each matched by age to four controls who were not exposed ( n = 74,188). The main outcome measures were the risk of developing fibromyalgia and CFS. These were presented as adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that 97 women in the exposed group developed fibromyalgia (incidence rate [IR] = 1.63 per 1,000 person-years) compared to 239 women in the unexposed group (IR = 0.83 per 1,000 person-years). Following adjustment, this translated to an IRR of 1.73 (95% CI = [1.36, 2.22]). Similarly, 19 women developed CFS in the exposed group (IR = 0.32 per 1,000 person-years), compared to 53 in the unexposed group (0.18 per 1,000 person-years), which translates to an aIRR of 1.92 (95% CI = [1.11, 3.33]). Therefore, we have identified an association between a history of IPV in women and the development of these functional syndromes, which may provide more information to inform the biopsychosocial pathway precipitating the development of fibromyalgia and CFS.
Analysis of cornering response and stability of electrified heavy commercial road vehicles with regenerative braking
Authors: Subramaniyam Kesavan Valis , Subramanian Shankar C
Published: December 2019

Additional powertrain components and regenerative braking are two important factors that may affect the performance and stability of electrified vehicle cornering. The location of additional components affects the vehicle’s center of gravity (CG) position and thereby the stability of the vehicle. As regenerative braking is possible only on driven wheels, the brake force distribution between front and rear wheels may not follow the ideal brake force distribution curve. Hence, applying maximum regenerative braking during cornering may affect vehicle stability, and this has motivated the analysis presented in this paper. The scope of this research work includes obtaining a model for the regenerative brake system, which was then used to analyze the heavy commercial road vehicle lateral dynamic response during combined cornering and regenerative braking. A sensitivity study was carried out regarding variations in center of gravity, longitudinal speed, and tire–road traction coefficient [Formula: see text]. The IPG TruckMaker® vehicle simulation software running in a hardware-in-loop experimental system was used to study the heavy road vehicle cornering performance. The results showed that applying braking on a constant radius path required correction in the steering input to follow the desired path. However, the amount of steering correction required during regenerative braking was higher than that with conventional friction braking. Moreover, applying maximum regenerative braking at higher longitudinal speeds on snowy roads and split- µ roads has a higher impact on vehicle cornering performance compared with that on dry roads. Furthermore, a co-operative braking strategy with an optimum brake force sharing between regenerative braking and friction braking was developed to improve the electrified heavy commercial road vehicle’s cornering stability and handling performance during cornering and braking.
Technological analysis and fuel consumption saving potential of different gas turbine thermodynamic configurations for series hybrid electric vehicles
Authors: Bou Nader Wissam , Cheng Yuan , Nault Emmanuel , Reine Alexandre , Wakim Samer , Kabalan Bilal , Nemer Maroun
Published: December 2019

Gas turbine systems are among potential energy converters to substitute the internal combustion engine as auxiliary power unit in future series hybrid electric vehicle powertrains. Fuel consumption of these auxiliary power units in the series hybrid electric vehicle strongly relies on the energy converter efficiency and power-to-weight ratio as well as on the energy management strategy deployed on-board. This paper presents a technological analysis and investigates the potential of fuel consumption savings of a series hybrid electric vehicle using different gas turbine–system thermodynamic configurations. These include a simple gas turbine, a regenerative gas turbine, an intercooler regenerative gas turbine, and an intercooler regenerative reheat gas turbine. An energetic and technological analysis is conducted to identify the systems’ efficiency and power-to-weight ratio for different operating temperatures. A series hybrid electric vehicle model is developed and the different gas turbine–system configurations are integrated as auxiliary power units. A bi-level optimization method is proposed to optimize the powertrain. It consists of coupling the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to the dynamic programming to minimize the fuel consumption and the number of switching ON/OFF of the auxiliary power unit, which impacts its durability. Fuel consumption simulations are performed on the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test cycle while considering the electric and thermal comfort vehicle energetic needs. Results show that the intercooler regenerative reheat gas turbine–auxiliary power unit presents an improved fuel consumption compared with the other investigated gas turbine systems and a good potential for implementation in series hybrid electric vehicles.
Local loops of care in the metropolitan region of Helsinki: A time-economy perspective
Authors: Näre Lena , Wide Elisabeth
Published: December 2019

Finland subsidizes caring for young children at home by several cash-for-care schemes. In 2001, it adopted a tax credit for domestic services, including care. This article adopts an everyday perspective to social policies to analyse how Finnish cash-for-care policies produce local care loops using a time-economy approach. It examines the increase in private services alongside public ones through an analysis of the organization of childcare in time and space, paying attention to the micro-mobilities and daily choreographies of care. Drawing on interviews with Finnish employers of privately employed childcarers, our results demonstrate that childcare policies and tax credits are central means through which childcare is increasingly being privatized. We argue that the notion of time as a scarce resource and the organization of care loops in a way that maximizes time available for wage labour and ‘quality time’ point towards the emergence of a classed time discipline. Time becomes a commodity with not only monetary value but also another inherent value, captured in the notion of ‘quality time with children’. Significantly, this quality time does not include time used for other reproductive labour tasks, such as cleaning or cooking.
ADHD-Related Neurodiversity and the Entrepreneurial Mindset
Authors: Moore Curt B. , McIntyre Nancy H. , Lanivich Stephen E.
Published: December 2019

To better understand how neurodiversity (i.e., neurobiological/brain-related differences) is related to entrepreneurial cognition, this study draws on prior research from entrepreneurship and neuroscience to empirically examine the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the entrepreneurial mindset. We examine differences between entrepreneurs with and without ADHD in cognitive style, entrepreneurial alertness, metacognition, and resource-induced coping heuristic (RICH). Our results suggest neurodiversity from ADHD is meaningfully related to aspects of an entrepreneurial mindset. Our results suggest entrepreneurs with ADHD employ a more intuitive cognitive style and demonstrate higher levels of entrepreneurial alertness and RICH, while no significant differences in metacognition were found.
The Mediating Effect of Faculty Trust in Principals on the Relationship Between Servant Leadership Practices and Organizational Health
Authors: Tasker-Mitchell Ava , Attoh Prince A.
Published: December 2019

This study measured the mediating effects of faculty trust on the relationship between servant leadership and organizational health. The context of this research was within the field of education, with a focus on elementary education. Public schools in a district in Maryland participated in the research survey. A cross-sectional survey was utilized that incorporated three validated and reliable published instruments. The results of the study concluded the following: (a) servant leadership does have a significant impact on organizational health, (b) faculty trust does act as a mediator in the causal pathway although it is a partial mediator, and (c) faculty trust attenuates the influence that servant leadership has on organizational health. The results of this study were framed around six research questions related to the study of three variables. The questions were: (1) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and academic emphasis? (2) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and resource influence? (3) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and teacher affiliation? (4) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and institutional integrity? (5) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and collegial leadership? and (6) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and faculty trust mediated by faculty trust? The research data supported findings that two of the five dimensions had a statistically significant relationship, collegial leadership, and institutional integrity. Teacher affiliation, resource influence, and academic emphasis did not have statistically significant relationships. The sixth question specifically stated, “To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and organizational health mediated by faculty trust?” The data supported faculty trust as a partial mediator and that the relationship between servant leadership practices and collegial leadership had the strongest relationship. However, when faculty trust was included in the relationships, it attenuated each of them.
Proximal Medial Gastrocnemius Release Versus Open Plantar Fasciotomy for the Surgical Treatment in Recalcitrant Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Gamba Carlo , Serrano-Chinchilla Paula , Ares-Vidal Jesus , Solano-Lopez Alberto , Gonzalez-Lucena Gemma , Ginés-Cespedosa Alberto
Published: December 2019

Background:

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of foot pain. If conservative treatment fails, there is no consensus as to the best surgical management for recalcitrant plantar fasciitis (RPF). The aim of this study was to compare the results obtained from proximal medial gastrocnemius release (PMGR) with those obtained from open plantar fasciotomy (OPF) in terms of pain, satisfaction, health-related quality of life, and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score.

Methods:

This is a prospective randomized trial conducted between 2012 and 2016. Patients with RPF for at least 9 months were included. Diagnosis was clinically made. The exclusion criteria were neuropathic heel pain; a history of previous foot fracture, surgery, or deformity; rheumatoid arthritis; or the need for long-term analgesic administration. After ruling out other conditions with magnetic resonance or ultrasound imaging, patients were randomized to be operated on with OPF or PMGR independently of the Silfverskjold test. Follow-up was carried out for up to 1 year. The AOFAS, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, SF-36, and Likert scale for satisfaction were used to evaluate the results obtained. The analysis was done with 21 patients in the OPF group and 15 in the PMGR group. The demographic data (age, sex, body mass index, duration of symptoms, and positivity to the Silfverskjold test) of the groups were comparable.

Results:

No differences were found in terms of the AOFAS ( P = .24), VAS ( P = .14), or any item of the SF-36. Satisfaction was very good in 85.8% of the PMGR group and 89.5% of the OPF group ( P = .27). Faster recovery was observed in the PMGR group.

Conclusion:

OPF and PMGR provided good results for patients with RPF. Neither was superior to the other relative to pain, AOFAS score, satisfaction, or the SF-36. We recommend PMGR as the first option in RPF surgical management in order to avoid potential biomechanical complications related to OPF.

Level of Evidence:

Level I, therapeutic randomized controlled trial.
Defining Their Right to the City: Perspectives from Lower-Income Youth
Authors: Barrett Edith J.
Published: December 2019

In their desire to revitalize their cities, local government leaders actively promote private development without equal attention to the ways all residents—and not just those with financial means—live their daily lives. To the lower-income teenager with little spendable money, the privatization of public spaces, the lack-of-funding driven demise of public pools and recreation centers, curfews that limit the times when teens can be out, posted restrictions on where they can be and what they can do while there, and not infrequent negative interactions with law enforcement make cities seem almost hostile. Using qualitative data collected through interviews in 2014 and 2018, this article discovers how teenagers perceive their right to the city. The words of the adolescents make clear that their vision of a just city includes not only the fair use of physical spaces but also a place that gives them the right to mature into healthy, well-educated, and financially secure adults.
Adolescents’ Justice Evaluations of Earning Gaps in an Unequal Country: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Salgado Mauricio
Published: December 2019

Adolescents’ beliefs regarding inequality have received scant attention in social research. This article tackles the underlying processes that explain adolescents’ justice evaluations of earning gaps across status groups in Chile. I investigate whether their perception of earning gaps and fairness values mediate the relationship between socio-economic status and what they consider a just payment difference. Results show that perceptions of inequality and fairness values emerged as mediators between status and the level of inequality deemed as just, although perception played a stronger role. The results also provide evidence for a consensual legitimacy of inequality across status groups: adolescents from different status groups do not disagree on the fair payment gap. This legitimization of inequality does not necessarily entail acceptance by most youths of the high levels of income inequality in Chile. Their values and perceptions of inequality are anchored in their social standing, and this anchoring has consequences in terms of the legitimization of inequality.
In the service of a higher good: Resilience of academics under managerial control
Authors: Siltaloppi Jaakko , Laurila Juha , Artto Karlos
Published: December 2019

This article extends the literature of resistance in organisational settings by examining the forms and sources of resistance that endure even in the face of successive adversities. This article characterises such resistance as resilience and elaborates on this concept empirically in the university context by showing how academics find new ways to maintain and promote their professional agendas despite successive, unpredictable managerial interventions typical of the contemporary university. In our analysis, we identify three forms of resilience – protective, independent, and adaptive – each of which draws on specific professional values that we term constitutive goods. The focus on constitutive goods highlights the moral grounding of resistance that comes into play, especially in situations in which the actors have something fundamentally valuable at stake, and which they feel compelled to defend. Moreover, resilience extends the focus beyond situated resistance tactics to a process geared towards protecting constitutive goods against control over the long term.
Weather derivatives to mitigate meteorological risks in tourism management: An empirical application to celebrations of Comunidad Valenciana (Spain)
Authors: Martínez Salgueiro Andrea , Tarrazon-Rodon Maria-Antonia
Published: December 2019

This article explores the possibility of implementing weather derivatives in cultural events through an empirical application to celebrations of Comunidad Valenciana (Spain). Temperature- and rainfall-based options geared to the three counties of this Autonomous Community are proposed to mitigate the risk exposure of this event. First, the contracts are priced through the Index Value Simulation and Daily Simulation techniques, which rely on Monte Carlo simulations. Next, they are used to design realistic hedging strategies, which are evaluated under different meteorological scenarios. The degree of geographical basis risk affecting this region, as measured by the root mean square error, is also assessed since it is a common issue refraining the application of weather derivatives. The outcomes attained emphasize the high hedging potential of the suggested tools and indicate the appropriateness of considering, on a case-by-case basis, the possibility of using a combination of derivatives geared to nearby stations as a solution to mitigate basis risk exposure.
Tourism persistence in Spain: National versus international visitors
Authors: Gil-Alana Luis A , Gil-López Águeda , Román Elena San
Published: December 2019

In this article, we examine the statistical properties of the time series corresponding to the number of national and international visitors in Spain using fractional integration. This methodology allows us to examine the degree of persistence of the series, and thus, infer some conclusions about the nature of the shocks. According to the results reported in this work, seasonality matters in both cases, being more important in international tourism. Moreover, we observe significant differences in the degree of persistence between national and international tourism. Although both series seem to be mean reverting, with shocks having a transitory nature, higher orders of integration are observed in the case of the international arrivals.
Social inequality in lifestyle, motivation to change lifestyle and received health advice in individuals with diabetes: A nationwide study
Authors: Andersen Marie B. , Bjørkman Anne-Sofie D. , Pedersen Maria , Ekholm Ola , Molsted Stig
Published: December 2019

Aims: The aim was to investigate the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking, motivation to change lifestyle and health advices from general practitioners (GPs) in individuals with diabetes. Methods: Data were provided by the Danish National Health Survey 2013 and 7504 adults (⩾ 40 years) with diabetes were included. Educational level was used as SEP indicator and categorized into low, middle and high SEP. Dependent variables included physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, motivation to change lifestyle and GP lifestyle advices. Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, body mass index and ethnic background were performed. Results: Higher SEP were associated with reduced odds of being physically inactive (middle SEP odds ratio (OR) men 0.58 (95% confidence intervals 0.47–0.72) and women 0.59 (0.47–0.75)) and non-smoking (middle SEP OR men 0.74 (0.59–0.93) and high SEP OR women 0.54 (0.38–0.77)) compared to participants with a low SEP. Alcohol consumption above the recommended maximum was associated with high SEP in men, OR 1.83 (1.30–2.61). Elevated SEP was associated with a motivation to increase physical activity levels (middle SEP OR men 1.45 (1.19–1.76) and women 1.35 (1.09–1.67)), high SEP was associated with none advice from GPs regarding smoking cessation among women, OR 0.47 (0.25–0.89). Conclusions: Socioeconomic position was strongly associated with lifestyle in individuals with diabetes. The most pronounced inequalities were found in physical activity levels, smoking status and the motivation to become more physically active. Municipalities and GPs may need a greater focus on SEP in interventions to change lifestyle in individuals with diabetes.
Usability evaluation of the eHealth Long Lasting Memories program in Spanish elderly people
Authors: Góngora Alonso Susel , Toribio Guzmán José Miguel , Sainz de Abajo Beatriz , Muñoz Sánchez Juan Luis , Martín Manuel Franco , de la Torre Díez Isabel
Published: December 2019

In recent years, there has been a great development of software technology in the field of psychogeriatric research, helping to improve the quality of life of the elderly and preventing cognitive deterioration associated with aging, and thus decrease the possible dependence. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the usability of the Long Lasting Memories program in elderly people with or without cognitive impairment in a region of Spain. For the study, users were classified into three groups: subjects with no cognitive impairment, with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia, and they were given a usability questionnaire covering different variables. Of the 157 Spanish participants in the study, 84.1 percent answered the usability questionnaire, obtaining wide acceptance in all study groups regarding the usability of the Long Lasting Memories program. Current research begins to mark a new perspective that recognizes the need to establish a preventive strategy for degenerative diseases.
Some reflections on Levinas and ethics: Response to Alvi
Authors: O’Neill Kevin Lewis
Published: December 2019

A growing number of essays authored by anthropologists invoke the work of Emmanuel Levinas. The rise of this quiet tide deserves some reflection, not only because anthropological references to Levinas keep coming but also because very few of these efforts ever end up in discipline-specific journals. They tend to get pushed toward philosophical and theological venues. Why is this?
Scaling liquid penetration in evaporating sprays for different size diesel engines
Authors: Zhou Xinyi , Li Tie , Wei Yijie , Wang Ning
Published: December 2019

Scaled model experiments can greatly reduce the cost, time and energy consumption in diesel engine development, and the similarity of spray characteristics has a primary effect on the overall scaling results of engine performance and pollutant emissions. However, although so far the similarity of spray characteristics under the non-evaporating condition has been studied to some extent, researches on scaling the evaporating sprays are still absent. The maximum liquid penetration length has a close relationship with the spray evaporation processes and is a key parameter in the design of diesel engine spray combustion system. In this article, the similarity of maximum liquid penetration length is theoretically derived based on the hypotheses that the spray evaporation processes in modern high-pressure common rail diesel engines are fuel–air mixing controlled and local interphase transport controlled, respectively. After verifying that the fuel injection rates are perfectly scaled, the similarity of maximum liquid penetration length in evaporating sprays is studied for three scaling laws using two nozzles with hole diameter of 0.11 and 0.14 mm through the high-speed diffused back-illumination method. Under the test conditions of different fuel injection pressures, ambient temperatures and densities, the lift-off law and speed law lead to a slightly increased maximum liquid penetration length, while the pressure law can well scale the maximum liquid penetration length. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analyses based on the hypothesis that the spray evaporation processes are fuel–air mixing controlled, indicating that the local interphase transports of energy, momentum and mass on droplet surface are not rate-controlled steps with respect to spray evaporation processes.
Political irrationality, utopianism, and democratic theory
Authors: Ancell Aaron
Published: December 2019

People tend to be biased and irrational about politics. Should this constrain what our normative theories of democracy can require? David Estlund argues that the answer is ‘no’. He contends that even if such facts show that the requirements of a normative theory are very unlikely to be met, this need not imply that the theory is unduly unrealistic. I argue that the application of Estlund’s argument to political irrationality depends on a false presupposition: mainly, that being rational about politics is something people could easily do if they tried. Since the empirical evidence shows that being rational about politics is actually quite difficult, Estlund’s argument comes up short. Moreover, I argue that the argument cannot plausibly be extended to insulate normative theories of democracy from facts about political irrationality because of the need for constraints of realism to explain the crucial role that appeals to (reasonable) disagreement play within such theories.
Audio and ludic engagements with spiritual heritage at an Irish holy well
Authors: Scriven Richard , Langan Vicky
Published: December 2019

This article reflects on audio methods and field recordings as means of examining how a cultural-spiritual space can be experienced by young people through an arts heritage project undertaken with primary school children in rural Ireland. Contributing to the growing role of sound and audio in geographical research, we consider how a series of participatory workshops at a holy well fostered curiosity and ludic engagements with the place enhancing the understanding of this location in a process that merged creative practice, spiritual heritage and wonder.
Statistical Methods and Software for the Multilevel Social Relations Model
Authors: Koster Jeremy , Leckie George , Aven Brandy
Published: December 2019

The multilevel social relations model (SRM) is a commonly used statistical method for the analysis of social networks. In this article and accompanying supplemental materials, we demonstrate the estimation and interpretation of the SRM using Stat-JR software. Multiple software templates permit the analysis of different response types, including binary, counts, and continuous responses.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Expression and Alterations of BARD1 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Yong-Zi , Zuo Duo , Ren Hai-Ling , Fan Sai-Jun , Ying Guoguang
Published: December 2019

Background:

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor type in women worldwide. BARD1 could impact function of BRCA1 as its interaction partner. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic role of BARD1 expression as well as its alterations in breast cancer using different online tools.

Methods:

We performed a bioinformatics analysis for BARD1 in patients with breast cancer using several online databases, including Oncomine, bc-GenExMiner, PrognoScan, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, Cytoscape, and cBioPortal.

Results:

We found that BARD1 was highly expressed in basal-like, HER2-E, and luminal B compared with normal-like subtype. Forest plot showed that BARD1 overexpression was correlated with worse distant metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-2.21; P = .0448), disease-specific survival (hazard ratio: 2.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.37-5.12; P = .0037), and disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 1.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.22-3.24; P = .0062) but positively correlated with overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.50-0.85; P = .0017). Multivariate analysis indicated that BARD1 expression was significantly associated with distant metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio: 4.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.22-17.28; P = .0239) whereas marginally significant for disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.01, P = .0630) and disease-specific survival (hazard ratio: 1.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.97-3.96; P = .0602). Meanwhile, alterations in BARD1 interaction network were associated with worse overall survival instead of BARD1 alteration alone.

Conclusions:

Bioinformatics analysis revealed that BARD1 may be a predictive biomarker for prognosis of breast cancer. However, future research is required to validate our findings.
Let’s Play Tinder! Aesthetics of a Dating App
Authors: Garda Maria B. , Karhulahti Veli-Matti
Published: December 2019

This article provides an analysis of the “dating app” Tinder as an aesthetic ludic artifact. By scrutinizing the title’s features of gameplay and expressive–interpretive social interaction, Tinder usage is set into a frame theory context and shown to operate by multiple overlapping frames that allow romantic engagement to be entered as play and vice versa.
Risk Factors for Infection Following Total Wrist Arthroplasty and Arthrodesis: An Analysis of 6641 Patients
Authors: Althoff Alyssa D. , Reeves Russell A. , Traven Sophia A. , Slone Harris S. , Deal D. Nicole , Werner Brian C.
Published: December 2019

Background: Infection following wrist arthroplasty (WA) or wrist fusion (WF) is an uncommon but difficult complication often resulting in explantation and prolonged courses of antibiotics. The purposes of this study are to: (1) characterize the demographic trends of individuals undergoing WA and WF; (2) determine the incidence of postoperative infection; and (3) identify risk factors for postoperative infection. Methods: The PearlDiver database was used to query 100% Medicare Standard Analytic files from 2005 to 2014. Patients undergoing WA or radiocarpal WF were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Diagnosis for infection within 1 year of operative intervention was assessed by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes or CPT codes related to infection. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative infection. Results: Of the 6641 patients included, 1137 (17.1%) underwent arthroplasty and 5504 (82.9%) underwent arthrodesis. Within 1 year of the index procedure, 3.5% had a diagnosis of, or procedure for, postoperative infection (WA: n = 40 of 1137; WF: n = 192 of 5504). Risk factors for infection following WA include age >85, tobacco use, depression, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Risk factors following radiocarpal WF include male sex, age >85, body mass index <19 kg/m2, depression, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Posttraumatic origin of wrist arthritis was a risk factor for infection following both WA and WF. Conclusions: Infection following WA and WF is relatively uncommon in a nationally representative Medicare database cohort. Risk factors common to both WA and WF include age >85, depression, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and posttraumatic arthritis.
An interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller design method for hydraulic actuators of a human-like robot by using improved drone squadron optimization
Authors: Dong Haozhen , Gao Liang , Shen Pi , Li Xinyu , Lu Yan , Dai Wenyan
Published: December 2019

Hydraulic actuator becomes an increasingly concerned driver for human-like robots. However, its dynamic performance under the control should be still further improved because hydraulic system is a typical nonlinearity system. Interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller is an advanced control method featured with high performance to deal with uncertain and nonlinear dynamics, so designing an interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller for the control of hydraulic is a feasible method. In this article, an improved drone squadron optimization-based approach is proposed to optimize interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller parameters. To verify the feasibility and priority of improved drone squadron optimization, a comparison on three different typical plants including proportional-derivative (PD) system, proportional-integral (PI) system, and PI nonlinear system between improved drone squadron optimization and other meta-heuristic algorithms is carried out. Simulation results demonstrate that improved drone squadron optimization not only gets an appropriate interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller for system control but also outperforms other popular algorithms in accuracy of performance.
Using live disaster exercises to study large multiteam systems in extreme environments: Methodological and measurement fit
Authors: Waring Sara
Published: December 2019

Multiteam systems (MTSs) are comprised of two or more teams working toward shared superordinate goals but with unique subgoals. In large MTSs operating in extreme environments, coordination difficulties have repeatedly been found, which compromise response effectiveness. Research is needed that examines MTSs in situ within extreme environments to develop temporal theories of inter-team processes and understanding of how coordination may be improved within these challenging contexts. Live disaster exercises replicate the complexities of extreme environments, providing a valuable avenue for observing inter-team processes in situ. This article seeks to contribute to MTS research by highlighting (i) a mixed-method framework for collecting data during live disaster exercises that uses both inductive and deductive approaches to promote methodological and measurement fit; (ii) ways in which data can be collected and combined to meet the appropriate standards of their methodological class; and (iii) a case example of a National exercise.
Asymptomatic Crohn’s disease identified in a patient being treated with secukinumab: A case report
Authors: Haidari Wasim , Al-Naqshabandi Sarah , Ahn Christine S , Bloomfeld Richard S , Feldman Steven R
Published: December 2019

IL-17 antagonism is among the most potent treatments for psoriasis. Generally safe, new onset and exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease may occur in association with IL-17 therapy. We describe a patient with long-standing history of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in whom asymptomatic Crohn’s disease was identified during treatment with secukinumab. The patient underwent an elective colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening which revealed inflammation and multiple ulcers in the terminal ileum suggestive of Crohn’s disease. While the patient did not have any gastrointestinal symptoms, he was diagnosed as having asymptomatic Crohn’s disease. Given the association of inflammatory bowel disease with secukinumab treatment, secukinumab was discontinued. Although in this patient, Crohn’s disease was identified during treatment with secukinumab, a direct causal relationship cannot be assumed. Medications that are effective for both psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease may be a good choice in patients with psoriasis who have comorbid Crohn’s disease or develop inflammatory bowel disease during treatment with another biologic.
High serum concentration of vitamin D may protect against multiple sclerosis
Authors: Biström Martin , Alonso-Magdalena Lucia , Andersen Oluf , Jons Daniel , Gunnarsson Martin , Vrethem Magnus , Hultdin Johan , Sundström Peter
Published: December 2019

Background

High 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations have been associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis, with indications of a stronger effect among young individuals.

Objective

Investigate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D association with multiple sclerosis and test if this association is age dependent.

Methods

Prospectively drawn blood samples from individuals later developing relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and controls matched for biobank, sex, age and date of sampling, were analysed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

High levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (top quintile) were associated with a reduced multiple sclerosis risk (odds ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.50–0.93).

Conclusion

These findings further support a role for vitamin D in MS aetiology.
Leaders, ideas, and norm diffusion in Central Asia and beyond
Authors: Karabayeva Assylzat
Published: December 2019

This article considers how the ideas and worldviews of the first presidents of the post-Soviet Central Asian countries have shaped their states’ identities, and their domestic and foreign policies. It argues that the contested ideas of regionalism in Central Asia were responsible for the rejection, reconstruction, and diffusion of foreign norms within the region and beyond. The ideational norms of the Central Asian states are argued to play a critical role in the creation of new norms— multi-speed and multi-level Eurasian regionalism—and their diffusion into global normative processes. Thus, the Central Asian region, and its contribution to the development of Eurasian normative regionalism, deserves recognition in world politics.
A comparison between Marxism and Islamic State’s Salafi Jihadism
Authors: Hama Hawre Hasan
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this article is to compare and contrast Orthodox Marxist theory and Islamic State’s Salafi ideology. The article’s examination of these two schools of thought reveals that they share some commonalities and many differences. The most obvious similarities include: both doctrines are pre-determined history, both divide society into different classes or blocs, both are revolutionary in ambition, both reject the notion of international borders and the nation-state model of world order, both need a minority to start their revolutions, and both do not believe in negotiation or compromise to reach their goals. However, both thoughts differ in many ways, including: the motivation for revolution, the status of religion post-revolution, the role of the state in their utopia communities, and finally the aim of the revolution. Both thoughts are seen historically as violent, totalitarian political theories. By comparing them, this article seeks to bring out what exactly gives them this reputation and to assess whether one is more deserving of it than the other.
Appropriateness of Medications in Older Adults Living With Frailty: Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Structured Medication Review Process in Primary Care
Authors: Khera Sheny , Abbasi Marjan , Dabravolskaj Julia , Sadowski Cheryl A. , Yua Hannah , Chevalier Bernadette
Published: December 2019

Background: Older persons with frailty take multiple medications and are vulnerable to inappropriate prescribing. Objective: This study assesses the impact of a team-based, pharmacist-led structured medication review process in primary care on the appropriateness of medications taken by older adults living with frailty. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design in 6 primary care practices within an academic clinic in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. We enrolled community dwelling older adults 65 years and older with frailty who have polypharmacy and/or 2 or more chronic conditions (ie, high-risk group for drug-related issues). The intervention was a structured pharmacist-led medication review using evidence-based explicit criteria (ie, Beers and STOPP/START criteria) and implicit criteria (ie, pharmacist expertise) for potentially inappropriate prescribing, done in the context of a primary care team-based seniors’ program. We measured the changes in the number of medications pre- and postmedication review, number of medications satisfying explicit criteria of START and STOPP/Beers and determined the association with frailty level. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (a priori significance level of P < .05). Results: A total of 54 participants (61.1% females, mean age 81.7 years [SD = 6.74]) enrolled April 2017 to May 2018 and 52 participants completed the medication review process (2 lost to hospitalization). Drug-related problems noted on medication review were untreated conditions (61.1%), inappropriate medications (57.4%), and unnecessary therapy (40.7%). No significant changes in total number of medications taken by patients before and after, but the intervention significantly decreased number of inappropriate medications (1.15 meds pre to 0.9 meds post; P = .006). Conclusion: A pharmacist-led medication review is a strategy that can be implemented in primary care to address inappropriate medications.
Sarcoidosis-Like Granulomatous Lymphadenopathy Mistaken for Neoplastic Disease on Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Ammar Ali , Esber Zahia , Bali Sunil Daniel , Waggoner Garrett , Khan Rumi
Published: December 2019

This is a rare case of sarcoidosis-like granulomatous lymphadenopathy that was initially mistaken for a neoplastic process due to the degree of hypermetabolic changes observed on positron emission tomography (PET) scan. Sarcoid-like granulomatous pulmonary disease is a disorder that has been described in WTC (World Trade Center) Rescue Workers, and also known as post 9/11 sarcoidosis. We present an interesting case of a man who presented with several months of progressive dyspnea and was later discovered to have significant bilateral hilar adenopathy, which was PET avid. Even more interesting, this patient’s symptoms completely resolved without the use of systemic steroids or immune suppressants. This is a condition that requires awareness in order to avoid repeating unnecessary tests of performing interventions on a benign condition that may resolve on its own.