bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Υπολογιστική προσομοίωση και μελέτη χαρακτηριστικών ροής και μεταφοράς μάζας σε πολυφασικά μικρο-σωματιδιακά συστήματα για εφαρμογές χημικής και βιοϊατρικής μηχανικής
Authors: Κολίτση Λυδία-Ιωάννα
Published: November 2023

Στην παρούσα διατριβή παρουσιάζονται διδιάστατες και τρισδιάστατες προσομοιώσεις της ροής σύνθετων ρευστών που περιέχουν στερεά και ελαστικά παραμορφώσιμα σωματίδια, όπως για παράδειγμα ερυθροκύτταρα και φαρμακευτικά νανοσωματίδια. Οι προσομοιώσεις διεξάγονται σε διαφορετικές γεωμετρίες, ήτοι κανάλια μεταξύ επίπεδων πλακών, αγωγούς κυκλικής διαμέτρου, αλλά και σε πολύπλοκα δίκτυα, όπως το αρτηριακό δένδρο. Ορισμένες παράμετροι που υπεισέρχονται στο μοντέλο είναι οι ρυθμοί διάτμησης, οι διαστάσεις των αγωγών, η συγκέντρωση των σωματιδίων, καθώς και οι ελαστικές ιδιότητες των σωματιδίων σε σχέση με τις ιξώδεις τάσεις του ρευστού. Μέσω των προσομοιώσεων καλύπτεται συστηματικά μια ευρεία περιοχή του χώρου των παραμέτρων και αναλύονται τα ρεολογικά φαινόμενα, μέσω της οπτικοποίησης, της στατιστικής επεξεργασίας και της ανάλυσης του πεδίου ροής του ρευστού και της τροχιάς κίνησης των σωματιδίων. Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα των προσομοιώσεων καθίσταται δυνατός ο προσδιορισμός παράγωγων μεγεθών όπως η μέση ταχύτητα, η συγκέντρωση, το ιξώδες, ο συντελεστής διάχυσης, η σχέση οπισθέλκουσας-ωθούσας δύναμης για την κίνηση των αιωρημάτων, καθώς επίσης και η ανάπτυξη μακροσκοπικών μοντέλων πρόβλεψης ροών, πιέσεων, παροχών και κατανομών συγκέντρωσης σε πολύπλοκες γεωμετρίες. Το βασικό εργαλείο της έρευνας είναι η υπολογιστική ρευστοδυναμική και η εφαρμογή των τεχνικών της άμεσης αριθμητικής προσομοίωσης, ενώ η παρουσία των σωματιδίων μοντελοποιείται με τη βοήθεια της Μεθόδου Υποθετικού Πεδίου με χρήση Κατανεμημένων Πολλαπλασιαστών Lagrange (Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/ Fictitious Domain method, DLM/FDM). Ένα ακόμη κίνητρο της παρούσας μελέτης πηγάζει από μια πολλά υποσχόμενη βιοϊατρική εφαρμογή της ροής σύνθετων ρευστών, γνωστή ως μαγνητική στόχευση φαρμακευτικών νανοσωματιδίων, η οποία έχει αναπτυχθεί για τη θεραπεία εντοπισμένων ασθενειών όπως ο καρκίνος. Για το σκοπό αυτό, γίνεται μια ανάλυση της μεταφοράς των φαρμακευτικών σωματιδίων σε όλα τα στάδια, από την ενδοφλέβια χορήγησή τους στον ασθενή, τη μεταφορά στο μικροαγγειακό δίκτυο, την εξαγγείωσή τους και τη μεταφορά μέσω της εξωκυττάριας μήτρας των ιστών, έως την άφιξή τους στην περιοχή στόχο που χρήζει θεραπείας. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται ένα μαθηματικό μοντέλο για την προσομοίωση της εξέλιξης ενός καρκινικού όγκου παρουσία μαγνητικών νανοσωματιδίων επιφορτισμένων με φαρμακευτικές ουσίες. Τελικά, αποδεικνύεται ότι η μαγνητική στόχευση μπορεί να έχει σημαντική επίπτωση στην κατανομή των νανοσωματιδίων σε έναν καρκινικό όγκο, καθώς και εμφανή επίδραση στην εξέλιξή του, ενώ παρέχονται καθοδηγητικοί κανόνες για τον ορθολογικό σχεδιασμό των μαγνητικών νανοσωματιδίων και την αναζήτηση κατάλληλων μαγνητικών πεδίων.
Age of first self-harm act in childhood and adolescence: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Wiggin Daisy , McMahon Elaine , McNicholas Fiona , Griffin Eve
Published: November 2023

Background Self-harm in youth is associated with adverse outcomes for many. The age of first self-harm is not often reported in the literature and there is considerable heterogeneity in how it is reported and in the methods used to estimate it. The objective of this study will be to examine the age of first self-harm act in childhood and adolescence and to identify the research methods used to assess this. Methods This scoping review will follow JBI guidance. Five electronic databases, Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus, Embase, and Web of Science will be searched from inception. Grey literature will be searched via Google Scholar. Studies reporting the age of first act of self-harm in young people aged 17 years and younger are of interest. Any study design and methodology will be eligible for inclusion. Included studies may use any self-harm definition, any measures used to assess self-harm and the age of the first act. The focus can be in any context, including health services presenting or community samples. Title and abstract screening and full text screening will be carried out by two reviewers independently. The data extraction tool will be piloted by two reviewers independently, included studies will undergo data extraction by one reviewer and this will be checked by a second, independent reviewer. Results The resulting data will be presented using descriptive statistics, in tabular format, and accompanied with a narrative presentation of results. The results of this study will be distributed by publication in an academic journal.
The genome sequence of the Gelatinous Scale Worm, Alentia gelatinosa (Sars, 1835)
Authors: Adkins Patrick , Mrowicki Rob ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: November 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual Alentia gelatinosa (Gelatinous Scale Worm); Annelida; Polychaeta; Phyllodocida; Polynoidae). The genome sequence is 1,237.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.37 kilobases in length.
NIÑAS Y NIÑOS COMO PRODUCTORES DE ESPACIO PÚBLICO EN LOS BARRIOS POPULARES: EXPERIENCIAS Y REFLEXIONES DESDE LIMA NORTE (PERÚ)
Authors: Collantes Ezequiel , Vera Javier
Published: November 2023

El artículo presenta cuatro experiencias de regeneración urbana de los barrios populares del distrito de Comas (Lima Norte) en las que los/as niños/as participaron de manera protagónica ejerciendo plenamente su agencia como productores de espacio público. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar las metodologías y herramientas empleadas en los cuatro proyectos urbanos. La investigación propone una reflexión sobre dos aspectos: a) el papel de niños/as como productores del espacio público de los barrios populares; y b) el rol de los profesionales de la arquitectura y el urbanismo en este tipo de procesos de regeneración urbana. La metodología de proyecto empleada en las cuatro experiencias es novedosa en cuanto que los/as niños/as de los barrios populares toman un rol activo en el análisis, la ideación y la construcción de los nuevos espacios públicos, y que el papel de los/as arquitectos/as es el de observador y acompañante en el proceso. A través de esta metodología se establece un diálogo performativo en el espacio entre los/as niños/as y los equipos de arquitectos/as. El resultado de este proceso es la creación de espacios públicos inclusivos, sostenibles, igualitarios y humanos, en el marco de una ciudad lúdica, segura, saludable y educador
FRANCESCO TONUCCI: LA CIUDAD DE LOS NIÑOS. UN MODO NUEVO DE PENSAR LA CIUDAD
Authors: González Morales Ángel Luis
Published: November 2023

el libro La ciudad de los niños. Un nuevo modo de pensar la ciudad, surge como resultado de una experiencia práctica y política. Un laboratorio del mismo nombre llevado a cabo en 1991 en Fano (Italia), la ciudad natal del autor, el cual da continuidad, pocos años después, a eventos tan transcendentales como la aprobación por parte de las naciones unidas en 1989 en Nueva York de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos del niño. Una continuidad que no solo se alinea a políticas y avances internacionales, sino que debemos recordar que se suma a la obra de otros muchos artistas y pedagogos italianos desde Gianni Rodari hasta Bruno Munari, pasando por estudiosas tan revolucionarias como Maria Montessori. Junto a estos autores, Francesco Tonucci no solo llama la atención sobre el papel del niño y del juego en la generación de nuevos modelos urbanos, sino que lo hace por medio de un documento que incentiva e incita a la toma de responsabilidades por parte de cada uno de nosotros, convirtiendo la lectura de este libro en un verdadero proceso educativo y de cambio.
Belief Updating Beyond the Two-State Setting
Authors: Mohrschladt Hannes , Baars Maren , Langer Thomas
Published: November 2023

Heuristics and biases in probabilistic belief updating have typically been examined in simple two-state experimental settings. We argue that the two-state setting has probabilistic properties that do not extend to settings with more states. With three states, we find that individuals apply similar heuristics, such as representativeness and anchoring, when providing posterior probability distributions. However, because of the different normative benchmark, the use of these heuristics results in different biases for point estimates. In particular, we demonstrate that the well-known finding of stronger underinference for larger signal sets does not translate from the two-state to the three-state setting. Our findings caution against an indiscriminate transfer of updating biases observed in two-state settings to a broad set of real-world applications.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: This work was supported by the Fritz Thyssen Stiftung [Grant 20.21.0.023WW].

Supplemental Material: The data and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00513 .
Dynamic Persuasion and Strategic Search
Authors: Yao Yunfei (Jesse)
Published: November 2023

Consumers frequently search for information before making decisions. Because their search and purchase decisions depend on the information environment, firms have a strong incentive to influence it. This paper endogenizes the consumer’s information environment from the firm’s perspective and endogenizes the search decision from the consumer’s perspective. We consider a dynamic model where a firm sequentially persuades a consumer to purchase the product. The consumer only wishes to buy the product if it is a good match. The firm designs the information structure. Given the endogenous information environment, the consumer trades off the benefit and cost of information acquisition and decides whether to search for more information. Given the information acquisition strategy of the consumer, the firm trades off the benefit and cost of information provision and determines how much information to provide. This paper characterizes the optimal information structure under a general signal space. We find that the firm only smooths information provision over multiple periods if the consumer is optimistic about the product fit before searching for information. Moreover, if the search cost for the consumer is high, the firm designs the information such that the consumer will be certain that the product is a good match and will purchase it after observing a positive signal. If the search cost is low, the firm provides noisy information such that the consumer will be uncertain about the product fit but will still buy it after observing a positive signal.

This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.

Funding: This work was supported by University of California, Berkeley, the Institute for Business Innovation [Research Grant], and the Center for Equity, Gender, and Leadership [Research Grants].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00994 .
DİJİTAL FİLM PLATFORMLARINA KATEGORİK BİR YAKLAŞIM: FİLM FESTİVALLERİNİN GENEL ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNDEN MUBI DİJİTAL FİLM PLATFORMUNUN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TÜRKYILMAZ Tuncay
Published: November 2023

ÖZ: İnternet ağının yayılması ve bulut teknolojisinin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte insanların sinema seyir anlayışında köklü değişimler meydana gelmiştir. Büyük verilerin depolanması, metin ve ses temelli verilerin yanı sıra aynı anda görsel birçok veriye ulaşabilme, görüntüyü yüksek çözünürlüklü bir şekilde seyredebilme gibi imkanlar sinema dünyasının dijital dünyaya hızlı bir şekilde uyum sağlaması için yeterli olmuştur. Covid 19 salgını döneminde insanların evde kalmasıyla birlikte film seyredilebilecek dijital platform sayısında hızlı bir artış gözlenmiştir. Türkiye'de bu dönemde ismini duyuran dijital film platformlarından biri de 2007 yılında kurulmuş olan ve birçok ülkede üyesi bulunan MUBI dijital platformudur. Ana akım sinema filmlerine yer veren dijital film platformlarından farklı olarak MUBI, sanatsal ağırlıklı filmler gösteren film festivallerindeki içerik ve işleyişi kapsayan genel özelliklere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, ağırlıklı sanatsal sinema filmlerini içerik olarak barındıran MUBI platformunun genel özellikleri üzerinden yüz yüze film festivalleriyle ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Sinemanın dijitalleşme çağına uyum sağlamaya çalıştığı bu dönüşüm sürecinde MUBI’nin nasıl bir biçim aldığı, bu biçim, içerik ve işleyişle nasıl bir kitleyi hedeflediği, toplumsal konulara duyarlı ve eleştirel film anlayışını benimseyen sinema filmleri aracılığıyla kendi hedef kitlesiyle nasıl bir bağ kurduğu, yüz yüze festivaller gibi sinema endüstrisine sanatsal ve ekonomik anlamda nasıl katkıda bulunduğu araştırmada ele alınacak konular arasındadır. Bu araştırmanın dijital film platformlarına kategorik yaklaşımı ve MUBI’nin bu yaklaşımdaki yeri ve bağlantılı konularda önemli bir boşluğu doldurması hedeflenmektedir. Araştırmaya göre, MUBI dijital film platformunun yüz yüze film festivallerinin dijital platforma taşınmış bir modeli olduğu söylenebilir. Araştırmada mülakat ve söylem analizi yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır.
IDEIA DISTINTA DO QUE COMPETE À MENTE OU AO NOSSO CORPO VIVO E ORGÂNICO
Authors: Wilhelm Amo Anton
Published: November 2023

-
RELATOS SOBRE A EXPERIÊNCIA DE TRADUÇÃO DE TRECHOS DA OBRA A PHILOSOPHIE AFRICAINE DE LA PÉRIODE PHARAONIQUE – 2780-330 AVANT NOTRE ÈRE, DE THEOPHILE OBENGA
Authors: La Salvia Andre Luis , Saintilus Jovenel , Bitencourt Monge Fabiano
Published: November 2023

Relato de uma experiência de pesquisa e tradução de trechos da obra La Philosophie africaine de la période pharaonique – 2780-330 avant notre ère, de Theophile Obenga, visando contribuir com a inserção dos estudos de matriz africana para o ensino de filosofia na educação básica. A experiência se deu através do programa PIBIC Ensino Médio, ao longo dos anos de 2020 a 2022, em uma articulação entre universidade e educação básica. Ao todo o projeto traduziu o prefácio, a introdução e os capítulos II, III, IV e VI da obra. Dado o formato relato desse artigo, escolhemos comentar e apresentar as temáticas do Ontologia e Cosmogênese, presentes no capítulo II. A importância dessa tradução é veicular obras que tratam da filosofia africana antiga no cenário filosófico e educacional brasileiro.
NOME E IDENTIDADE CULTURAL EM ANGOLA O PAPEL DO NOME EM KIKONGO COMO SÍMBOLO DE PRESERVAÇÃO CULTURAL BAKONGO.
Authors: Quijila Abel Calomno , Garcia Mbiavanga Adão
Published: November 2023

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os nomes próprios (topônimos e antropônimos) e os seus significados na cultura Bakongo, uma das principais etnias do país de Angola. É um estudo da linguística, que se concentra na relação entre a língua e a cultura (História). A partir da análise dos nomes, é possível entender as tradições e história de um indivíduo no contexto cultural angolano. Entretanto, a importância da preservação e da valorização dos nomes são destacados na continuidade da ancestralidade, pois eles são portadores de significado cultural e histórico. Nesse sentido, buscamos usar a linguística e a cultulinguística para compreender a importância da língua e da cultura na atribuição dos nomes, e analisar o impacto da aculturação por meio da alienação como um fenômeno que pode também afetar o sentido e significado dos nomes na cultura Bakongo. Em resuma, tencionamos que esta pesquisa sirva como contributo das demais pesquisas sobre a importância de preservar os nomes como parte de história e tradição Bakongo.
Eutanásia Voluntária Ativa, Suicídio Assistido, Ortotanásia e os Cuidados Paliativos: um panorama das discussões no Poder Legislativo Federal Brasileiro
Authors: Eich Melisse , Verdi Marta , Finkler Mirelle , Scremin Martins Pedro Paulo
Published: November 2023

No âmbito das proposições legislativas brasileiras, buscou-se compreender os desafios e obstáculos no percurso delimitativo das práticas de fim de vida. Analisou-se 193 documentos, desde 1981 até 2020, com base na metodologia hermenêutica-dialética. Evidenciou-se distintas propostas regulamentadoras das práticas de eutanásia e ortotanásia, na relação com os cuidados paliativos. As associações dos termos “cuidados paliativos” e “ortotanásia”, em oposição à “eutanásia/suicídio assistido, revelaram a conflituosa construção de valores que perpassa nossa sociedade. Com a tramitação de projetos relacionados à ortotanásia e eutanásia, compreendemos o sentido das decisões políticas que envolvem as possibilidades de escolhas e liberdade das pessoas, entre o direito à vida e o direito à morte digna. Compreendemos a problemática da legalização da ortotanásia, como forma do poder legislativo se furtar ao debate sobre a eutanásia/suicídio assistido, como alternativa à distanásia e ao sofrimento no processo de morrer.
Tres coordenadas de análisis de la niñez trans: vulnerabilidad, interseccionalidad y bioética
Authors: León Ortiz Miguel Angel
Published: November 2023

Partiendo de un enfoque bioético plural y laico, la situación de infantes trans cuestiona los parámetros de inteligibilidad cisnormativa que supeditan las asignaturas de género en sólo dos posibilidades: la femenina y masculina. La concepción de la vulnerabilidad por capas, es una herramienta útil para identificar diferentes grados de vulnerabilidad o desventaja social. Y, un recurso indispensable para interpretar y aplicar el corpus iuris de derecho internacional en materia de derechos humanos para abordar aquellos casos donde se socaban los derechos humanos de la niñez trans, al permitir indagar más sobre los factores que dan lugar a la vulneración de los derechos humanos de personas mayores y menores de edad, incluso, valiéndose de una perspectiva interseccional. Por tal motivo, en este trabajo, se plantea la vinculación de tres conceptos: vulnerabilidad, interseccionalidad y bioética. El primero, para hallar los grados de vulnerabilidad de estas personas en distintos ámbitos de la vida cotidiana; el segundo, para identificar los factores que detonan dichos grados de vulnerabilidad; y, el tercero, para reflexionar, desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos, sobre la importancia de legislar o no respecto de un asunto que incide en la vida y conciencia individual de la niñez que percibe y expresa una identidad de género contraria con el sexo asignado al nacer, o que vive y experimenta una identidad no binaria.
¿Cómo afectan la Ley 8/2021 y la ley 6/2022 a la investigación biomédica desarrollada en España?
Authors: Ramiro Avilés Miguel Angel
Published: November 2023

La implementación de la Convención de Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad obliga a los Estados Partes a realizar reformas legales que afectan a las normas que regulan la participación de las personas con discapacidad en la investigación biomédica clínica, en especial en los ensayos clínicos con medicamentos. En España, se ha tenido que reformar el Código Civil y la Ley General de Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad para adecuar el ejercicio de la capacidad jurídica y para garantizar la accesibilidad cognitiva. Estas reformas podrían servir como modelo de las reformas que deben implementarse en otros países.
Nouneh Sarkissian: Author–Armenia
Authors: Sarkissian Nouneh
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "Children have an endless ocean of fantasy. I would like to ask parents and teachers not to put pressure on their imagination and fantasy. Let them dream, let their ideas fly, let them become cosmonauts, artists, scientists, or whatever they want."
Anne Brouillard: Illustrator–Belgium
Authors: Brouillard Anne
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "My books are not built from abstract ideas, but from visual impressions. The "stories" start from an image or a succession of images, sometimes from emotions or sensations, which I try to bring to life."
Gerelchimeg Blackcrane: Author–China
Authors: Blackcrane Gerelchimeg
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "I like to go off alone and I choose the northern grassland and forest. For me, that is a life full of extravagance."
Kwon Yoon-Duck: Illustrator–Republic of Korea
Authors: Yoon-Duck Kwon
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "Even in a painful story, I look deeper into the system and the background behind it, and ask questions, and I find hope and goodwill in the end."
Edward van de Vendel: Author–Netherlands
Authors: van de Vendel Edward
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "There is a kind of addictive primal pleasure in writing and telling stories. I am addicted to children's literature. After all those books, I still don't understand how someone writes something down, or draws something, and then suddenly it's there: a book. That's magical. I can't really analyze what I'm doing. In the end I feel that there is a fire burning inside me and that I must be near it. It might have something to do with a childlike delight in the magic of writing. The wonder of it."
Catherine Louis: Illustrator–Switzerland
Authors: Louis Catherine
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "What I consider interesting about illustrating is, precisely, not to illustrate, but to open other doors, other perspectives. The text is there, it is not necessary to repeat things. Creating surprises is a game I find so fascinating."
Akin Duzakin: Illustrator–Turkey
Authors: Duzakin Akin
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "In this remote, calm, and clean corner of the world, my routes are rather digital. When the blessings of technology and nature combine, life is more wonderful."
Christian Robinson: Illustrator–United States
Authors: Robinson Christian
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "Children need to see themselves in books. They need to see their gender. They need to see their color, hair texture, their disability, themselves. Picture books are many children's first introduction to the world. Seeing yourself is like a message. It's saying, you matter, you are visible, and you're valuable."
Does Chinese Need Two Structures for Classifiers? A Case Study
Authors: Tan Dandan
Published: November 2023

对于汉语量词的句法结构存在三类分析：左分支、右分支与左右分支共存。本文就李旭平(2013)用来支持共存分析的三个语法现象(数量词-de、数词或量词-多、量词前数词的数词省略)提出质疑：相关语料并不完整，而完整的语料与纯粹的左分支结构也完全吻合，所以并不能成为共存分析的依据。文章最后一节归纳近期文献中对左分支结构有利的三类语法现象，有些来自汉语，有些来自其他语言乃至类型学数据。
Streamlines and topological transformation of modified vector Bessel–Gauss beams
Authors: Sepulveda-Rios Missael , Gutiérrez-Vega Julio C.
Published: November 2023

We characterize the streamline patterns of the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes of the vector-modified Bessel–Gauss (BG) beam, which is the Fourier-transformed version of the ordinary BG beam. We derive analytical expressions to approximate the streamline patterns produced by the superposition of TM and TE modes. An analysis of the effect on the streamlines of the vector BG beams produced by some polarization devices, e.g., linear retarders and spiral polarizers, is presented. Additionally, we study the geometrical phase induced by linear retarders into the TM mode of the field. This work contributes to the description and understanding of the vector structure of the focal field of Bessel–Gauss beams.
Broadband multi-wavelength Brillouin-Raman fiber laser with frequency switching
Authors: Mamdoohi G. , Soltanian M. R. K. , Zhang Z. , Teymouri A. , Yari M.
Published: November 2023

We purpose and demonstrate the switchable multi-wavelength Brillouin–Raman fiber laser (MBRFL) through a bi-directional Raman pumping scheme. The laser structure is arranged in a linear cavity by including a physical mirror at one side of the cavity. The switching operation for MBRFL with single- and double-wavelength spacing is implemented by optimizing the Raman power distribution through a variable optical coupler. This effect on feedback power of the physical mirror provides the difference between odd- and even-order Stoke lines’ maximum power on different sides of the cavity with 10 GHz and 20 GHz spacing. A 90/10 coupler is found to be the optimal. Up to 460 flat-amplitude lines within only a 0.5-dB flatness range, average −5 dBm Stokes peak power (SPP), 10 GHz frequency spacing, and an average optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of 26 dB are observed. All the counted laser lines are spread across a 37 nm bandwidth. Simultaneously, 170 Stoke lines with overall −2 dBm SPP, 28 dB OSNR, and 20 GHz frequency spacing are attained on other side of the cavity. These are achieved when the Raman pump power is set only at 900 mW. To date, this is the simplest cavity design with the flattest spectrum and highest output power for both wavelength spacing and excellent OSNR achieved in multi-wavelength fiber lasers that incorporate a single low-power Raman pump unit.
Projections of changes in the global distribution of shallow water ecosystems through 2100 due to climate change
Authors: Moki Hirotada , Yanagita Keigo , Kondo Keiichi , Kuwae Tomohiro
Published: November 2023

The global area and distribution of shallow water ecosystems (SWEs), and their projected responses to climate change, are fundamental for evaluating future changes in their ecosystem functions, including biodiversity and climate change mitigation and adaptation. Although previous studies have focused on a few SWEs, we modelled the global distribution of all major SWEs (seagrass meadows, macroalgal beds, tidal marshes, mangroves, and coral habitats) from current conditions (1986–2005) to 2100 under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5 emission scenarios. Our projections show that global coral habitat shrank by as much as 75% by 2100 with warmer ocean temperatures, but macroalgal beds, tidal marshes, and mangroves remained about the same because photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) depth did not vary greatly (macroalgal beds) and the shrinkage caused by sea-level rise was offset by other areas of expansion (tidal marshes and mangroves). Seagrass meadows were projected to increase by up to 11% by 2100 because of the increased PAR depth. If the landward shift of tidal marshes and mangroves relative to sea-level rise was restricted by assuming coastal development and land use, the SWEs shrank by 91.9% (tidal marshes) and 74.3% (mangroves) by 2100. Countermeasures may be necessary for coastal defense in the future; these include considering the best mix of SWEs and coastal hard infrastructure because the significant shrinkage in coral habitat could not decrease wave energy. However, if appropriate coastal management is achieved, the other four SWEs, which have relatively high CO2 absorption rates, can help mitigate the climate change influences.
A scoping review of the post-discharge care needs of babies requiring surgery in the first year of life
Authors: Maraschin Francesca Giulia , Adella Fidelis Jacklyn , Nagraj Shobhana
Published: November 2023

Congenital anomalies are among the leading causes of under-5 mortality, predominantly impacting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A particularly vulnerable group are babies with congenital disorders requiring surgery in their first year. Addressing this is crucial to meet SDG-3, necessitating targeted efforts. Post-discharge, these infants have various care needs provided by caregivers, yet literature on these needs is scant. Our scoping review aimed to identify the complex care needs of babies post-surgery for critical congenital cardiac conditions and non-cardiac conditions. Employing the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodological framework for scoping reviews we searched Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Web of Science databases. Search terms included i) specific congenital conditions (informed by the literature and surgeons in the field), ii) post-discharge care, and iii) newborns/infants. English papers published between 2002–2022 were included. Findings were summarised using a narrative synthesis. Searches yielded a total of 10,278 papers, with 40 meeting inclusion criteria. 80% of studies were conducted in High-Income Countries (HICs). Complex care needs were shared between cardiac and non-cardiac congenital conditions. Major themes identified included 1. Monitoring, 2. Feeding, and 3. Specific care needs. Sub-themes included monitoring (oxygen, weight, oral intake), additional supervision, general feeding, assistive feeding, condition-specific practices e.g., stoma care, and general care. The post-discharge period poses a challenge for caregivers of babies requiring surgery within the first year of life. This is particularly the case for caregivers in LMICs where access to surgical care is challenging and imposes a financial burden. Parents need to be prepared to manage feeding, monitoring, and specific care needs for their infants before hospital discharge and require subsequent support in the community. Despite the burden of congenital anomalies occurring in LMICs, most of the literature is HIC-based. More research of this nature is essential to guide families caring for their infants post-surgical care.
Transfusion of female blood in a rat model is associated with red blood cells entrapment in organs
Authors: Alshalani Abdulrahman , de Wissel Marit B. , Tuip-de Boer Anita M. , Roelofs Joris J. T. H. , van Bruggen Robin , Acker Jason P. , Juffermans Nicole P.
Published: November 2023

Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) has been associated with adverse outcomes. Mechanisms may be related to donor sex and biological age of RBC. This study hypothesized that receipt of female blood is associated with decreased post-transfusion recovery (PTR) and a concomitant increased organ entrapment in rats, related to young age of donor RBCs. Donor rats underwent bloodletting to stimulate production of new, young RBCs, followed by Percoll fractionation for further enrichment of young RBCs based on their low density. Control donors did not undergo these procedures. Male rats received either a (biotinylated) standard RBC product or a product enriched for young RBCs, derived from either male or female donors. Controls received saline. Organs and blood samples were harvested after 24 hours. This study found no difference in PTR between groups, although only the group receiving young RBCs from females failed to reach a PTR of 75%. Receipt of both standard RBCs and young RBCs from females was associated with increased entrapment of donor RBCs in the lung, liver, and spleen compared to receiving blood from male donors. Soluble ICAM-1 and markers of hemolysis were higher in recipients of female blood compared to control. In conclusion, transfusing RBCs from female donors, but not from male donors, is associated with trapping of donor RBCs in organs, accompanied by endothelial activation and hemolysis.
Telephone instructions improve the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: He Xueqian , Lei Xiaoju , Li Jiaqi , Li Peng
Published: November 2023

Objective

To evaluate the effect of telephone instructions on the quality of bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy.

Methods

Online English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase) were screened for randomized controlled trials on telephone instructions regarding bowel preparation for colonoscopy from inception to April 15, 2022. After data extraction, the Review Manager software was used for meta-analysis.

Results

Nine randomized controlled trials with 3,836 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The rate of adequate bowel preparation was significantly higher in the telephone group than in the control group. The pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.30, P < 0.01). The pooled mean difference (MD) for the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score was 1.32 (95% CI: 0.15–2.49, P < 0.05), and that for the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale score was −1.93 (95% CI: −2.35 to −1.51, P < 0.01). The polyp detection rate was significantly higher in the telephone group than in the control group (RR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23–2.04, P < 0.01), whereas no significant difference was noted in the adenoma detection rate between the groups (RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.97–1.94, P = 0.08).

Conclusion

Telephone instructions for patients undergoing colonoscopy significantly improved the quality of bowel preparation and increased polyp detection rate.
Impact of in utero airborne lead exposure on long-run adult socio-economic outcomes: A population analysis using U.S. survey and administrative data
Authors: Banzhaf H. Spencer , Banzhaf Melissa Ruby
Published: November 2023

As a neurotoxin, early exposure to lead has long been assumed to affect socioeconomic outcomes well into adulthood. However, the empirical literature documenting such effects has been limited. This study documents the long-term effects ofin uteroexposure to air lead on adult socio-economic outcomes, including real earnings, disabilities, employment, public assistance, and education, using US survey and administrative data. Specifically, we match individuals in the 2000 US Decennial Census and 2001–2014 American Community Surveys to average lead concentrations in the individual’s birth county during his/her 9 monthsin utero. We then estimate the effects of shocks to airborne lead conditional on observable characteristics, county fixed effects, county-specific time trends, and month-year fixed effects. We find a 0.5 μg/m3decrease in air lead, representing the average 1975–85 change resulting from the passage of the U.S. Clean Air Act, is associated with an increase in earnings of 3.5%, or a present value, at birth, of $21,400 in lifetime earnings. Decomposing this effect, we find greater exposure to leadin uterois associated with an increase in disabilities in adulthood, an increase in receiving public assistance, and a decrease in employment. Looking at effects by sex, long-term effects for girls seem to fall on participation in the formal labor market, whereas for boys it appears to fall more on hours worked. This is the first study to document such long-term effects from lead using US data. We estimate the present value in 2020, from all earnings impacts from 1975 forward, to be $4.23 Trillion using a discount rate of 3%. In 2020 alone, the benefits are $252 B, or about 1.2% of GDP. Thus, our estimates imply the Clean Air Act’s lead phase out is still returning a national dividend of over 1% every year.
Educational outcomes of recess in elementary school children: A mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Howie Erin K. , Perryman Kristi L. , Moretta Joseph , Cameron Laura
Published: November 2023

Background

Recess provides a key physical activity opportunity for students in school, yet a wide range of recess requirements exist. To design optimal recess policies, the effect of recess on students’ educational outcomes must be better understood. Therefore, the purpose of this mixed-method systematic review is to identify and systematically evaluate research on the effects of recess on student educational outcomes, including behavior, cognitive performance and academic achievement.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature in ERIC (EBSCO), ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, Teacher Reference Center, MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), and CINAHL Complete was performed through September 2022. Data was extracted from quantitative studies, and reported themes with exemplar quotes were extracted from qualitative studies. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess study quality.

Results

The search identified 932 articles, of which 13 were included in the review, including 8 quantitative and 5 qualitative studies. Eleven studies were conducted in the United States, and reported sample size of studies ranged from 12 to 11,624. Studies found mixed effects on student behavior, discipline referrals and academic achievement. Qualitative studies reported multiple benefits of recess including increased focus, improved problem solving and academic achievement.

Conclusions

Overall, evidence suggests positive benefits for behavior and either positive or null benefits of recess on academic achievement. However, evidence is limited by non-controlled study designs and diversity in outcome assessments. Additional quantitative evidence is needed to convince policymakers of the specific evidence supporting recess, but also to advise on the optimal recess policies and practices to improve student learning.
Determining occupational accidents baseline ratios by considering a synthetic population: The case of Spain
Authors: Olivella Nadal Jordi , Calleja Sanz Gema , Fuentes Ribas Ignacio , Rodriguez Mondelo Pedro
Published: November 2023

In most countries, a government agency or collaborating organization gathers information on occupational accidents. Comparisons based on a single factor such as autonomous community, activity sector or others, often leads to contradictory conclusions. The use of this information for comparison is not immediate because the different characteristics considered give place to different possible comparisons. The elaboration of a single baseline for each set of characteristics is addressed. The method proposed comes from the data available in Spain but could be applied to other cases. The method consists of: (1) selecting factors–those selected are age, sex, autonomous community and activity; (2) the generation of a synthetic population based on data from a survey and general proportions by applying the Optimal Representative Sample Weighting (rsw); and (3) the prediction of the accidents ratio for each set of characteristic by using a XGBoost decision trees ensemble. The results confirm the appropriateness of the method.
Pyrrho's Path and the Equanimous Life
Authors: Pellerin Daniel
Published: November 2023

The shadowy figure of Pyrrho has been intriguing modern scholars ever since the outlines of his thought were rediscovered in the sixteenth century, most notably by Michel de Montaigne. The academic approach to the Pyrrhonian legacy has been complicated, however, not only by the difficulties of reconstructing Pyrrho’s philosophy from particularly fragmentary evidence, but also by the fact that it was not conceived as an academic exercise, but rather as a practical guide to life—or as a Taoist or Buddhist might put it, a Way or Path. The analogies with Eastern teachings should not be taken too far, of course, as if Pyrrho had been literally a Buddhist, let alone a practitioner of Zen; but the parallels are still helpful for “untangling the tangle” and making more vivid and credible a philosophical way of life that was by no means dull and disengaged, as it has sometimes been understood, but on the contrary, loving and joyfully equanimous.
Biasmos in Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Authors: Jerue Benjamin Adam
Published: November 2023

This article examines the use of the word biasmos in Dionysius of Halicarnassus’ Antiquitates Romanae. This word, which has been seen as the closest equivalent to modern conceptions of rape, is quite rare in Greek literature; however, it is attested in several times in Dionysius’ history, always in relation to the rape of Ilia/Rhea Silvia. Analyzing the attestations of this lexeme in Dionysius and beyond, this paper asks why the Greek historian opted for this rare word, which he eschews when narrating other acts of sexual violence, in this particular case. Analyzing the contexts in which the word appears as well as the connotations with which the cognate bia in the Antiquitates Romanae, the paper argues that the lexical choice helps highlight important themes for this section of the Antiquitates Romanae, including Ilia’s status as a victim of a violent act and the characterization of this rape as the inappropriate use of force.
La impronta del Orlando Furioso en la mitad “épica” de la Lyra Heroyca (1581) de Francisco Núñez de Oria
Authors: Fernández Ríos María
Published: November 2023

Entre la bibliografía del doctor Francisco Núñez de Oria encontramos un inesperado y extenso poema épico en latín en catorce cantos, la Lyra Heroyca (Salamanca, Matias Gast, 1581). El humanista estructura los acontecimientos, a imagen de la Eneida, en torno a dos bloques temáticos, aunque no tan claramente definidos como en el poema clásico: una primera mitad más centrada en las peripecias de los paladines y una segunda mitad, cuya acción gira en torno al conflicto de los sarracenos contra los cristianos en París. En este artículo, demostramos mediante evidencias que el Orlando Furioso es la fuente vernácula principal de los episodios que comprenden la guerra parisina, esto es, los siete últimos libros de la Lyra Heroyca, al igual que lo es para los episodios “novelescos” de la primera mitad del poema.
Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Saudi Stock Market’s Performance and Sustainability
Authors: Yusuf Nadia , Ali Inass Salamah
Published: November 2023

The research investigates the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) by analyzing the Tadawul All Share Index (TASI). Relying on a robust quantitative methodology, the study involved de-seasonalizing daily TASI 'Close' values using a 7-day moving average and employing ARIMA modeling to examine time-series characteristics for periods before and after the first reported case of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia on March 2, 2020. The study spanned 115 days, with 56 days before and 59 days after the outbreak, resulting in a total of 115 observations. Advanced statistical tests, including a two-sample t-test and effect size calculation (Cohen's d), were conducted to statistically validate the differences in market performance. The findings revealed a significant decrease in TASI performance post-COVID-19, with increased market volatility. This data aligns with global observations of market disruptions during the pandemic and contributes to the understanding of crisis-induced market behaviors. Finally, the obtained results offer valuable insights into the complexities of stock market responses to global health emergencies while further underscoring the importance of considering external factors in market dynamics.

 Keywords: Stock market; COVID-19; financial market; performance; Tadawul; mortality; Saudi Arabia
Korelasi Kondisi Sosial Masyarakat Terhadap Timbulan Sampah Selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Provinsi Bali
Authors: Suryawan I Wayan Koko , Septiariva Iva Yenis , Suhardono Sapta , Sari Mega Mutiara
Published: November 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak kepada berbagai sektor sosial dan ekonomi, terutama pada industri pariwisata di Provinsi Bali.  Kondisi ini juga menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan pola masyarakat sehingga menurunkan jumlah timbulan sampah. Faktor sosial ekonomi seperti total populasi, tingkat pengangguran, upah minimum, akses sanitasi, dan jumlah keluhan kesehatan merupakan yang hal yang perlu dikasi dalam suatu hubungan korelasi terhadap timbulan sampah. Hal ini juga dapat menjadi dasar pemerintah dalam mengambil kebijakan dalam penurunan timbulan sampah yang berkelanjutan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat hubungan korelasi kondisi sosial masyarakat terhadap timbulan sampah selama pandemi Covid-19 di Provinsi Bali. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengambil data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Bali dan Sistem Informasi Persampahan Nasional (SIPSN). Metode awal pengujian data dilakukan dengan asumsi klasik, penentuan koefisien determinasi, hingga mendapatkan persamaan multikolinieritas. Hasil uji asumsi klasik memperlihatkan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dapat untuk digunakan dalam uji multikolinieritas dan adjusted R Square sebesar 72.6% variasi timbulan sampah dapat dijelaskan oleh variasi dari kelima variabel total populasi, tingkat pengangguran, upah kerja minimum, akses sanitasi dan keluhan kesehatan. Keluhan kesehatan, upah minimum, dan total populasi merupakan kondisi yang signifikan mempengaruhi jumlah peningkatan timbulan sampah selama pandemi. Sedangkan tingkat pengangguran dan akses sanitasi dapat mengurangi jumlah timbulan sampah.
Kajian Dampak Lingkungan Produksi Batubara PT Berau Coal – Site Sambarata (SMO) Dengan Metode Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Darpawanto Nana Jedy , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief , Muhammad Fuad , Amalia Dita
Published: November 2023

PT. Berau Coal merupakan salah adalah dengan salah satunya yaitu PT Berau Coal – Site Sambarata (SMO). Sistem penambangan pada PT. Berau Coal – Site Sambarata (SMO) menggunakan sistem tambang terbuka dengan menggunakan metode back filling. PT Berau Coal – Site Sambarata (SMO) melakukan kajian Life Cycle Assessment yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja lingkungan dan mengidentifikasi potensi dampak lingkungan akibat kegiatan produksi batubara. Metode penelitian ini mengacu pada SNI ISO 14040:2016 dan SNI ISO 14044:2017, Life Cycle Inventory, Life Cycle Impact Assesment dan Interpretasi. Perhitungan penilaian dampak dilakukan pada proses produksi dengan menggunakan metode kajian dampak CML IA Baseline dengan bantuan software Microsoft Excel. Dampak Lingkungan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini yaitu meliputi potensi pemanasan global, potensi penipisan ozon, potensi hujan asam dan potesi eutrofikasi dengan ruang lingkup kajian adalah cradle to gate. Ruang lingkup kajian meliputi proses produksi yang ada yaitu land clearing, top soil removal, drilling and blasting, material removal, coal getting, coal hauling dan coal crushing. Proses material removal memberikan kontribusi dampak tertinggi dengan menghasilkan potensi pemanasan global sebesar 2,91 x 10-1 kgCO2eq/ton batubara, potensi penipisan ozon sebesar 6,60 x 10-6 kgCFC-11eq/ton batubara, potensi hujan asam sebesar 1,19 x 10-1 kg SO2eq/ton batubara dan potensi eutrofikasi sebesar 3,37 x 10-2 PO4eq/ton batubara. Potensi dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan pada proses material removal disebabkan oleh penggunaan bahan bakar solar sebesar 38.539.302 L dengan menghasilkan emisi CO2 sebesar 102.807,44 tonCO2eq.
Pengalaman Kultural Mahasiswa Asal Pesisir Sumenep Madura Mengenai Perilaku Membuang Sampah ke Pantai
Authors: Habibi Habibi
Published: November 2023

Sampah yang mencemari lautan tetap menjadi permasalahan utama global saat ini, termasuk di Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan. Salah satu akar permasalahannya adalah pada kebiasaan masayarakat, termasuk di Sumenep Madura, untuk membuang sampah ke pantai. Mahasiswa yang telah memiliki wawasan dan keilmuan di bidang lingkungan kenyataannya belum dapat mengubah kebiasaan masyarakat di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman kultural mahasiswa asal pesisir Sumenep Madura mengenai perilaku membuang sampah ke pantai. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Berdasarkan paradigma interpretif peneliti melakukan wawancara dan observasi kepada tujuh partisipan yang dipilih secara purposif. Analisis penelitian yang diterapkan oleh peneliti mengacu pada teknik analisis spiral yang terdiri atas mengumpulkan dan mengorganisasi data, membaca dan membuat memo, menyusun deskripsi, menemukan tema dan melakukan interpretasi. Temuan penelian terdiri atas tiga tema utama yang menjelaskan pengalaman kultural mahasiswa tentang kebiasaan membuang sampah ke pantai yaitu 1) kebiasaan lama masyarakat, 2) pengetahuan dan kepercayaan masyarakat tentang sampah di pantai dan 3) resisten terhadap perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Temuan penelitian ini memberi kita pemahaman mengenai yang lebih mendalam permasalahan sampah di pantai dan dapat menjadi salah satu rekomendasi untuk penanganan permasalahan sampah secara lebih holistik.