bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOREIGN ELEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL FAMILY LAW
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Management – a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Voytovich Elena P.
Published: January 2021

The changes in the paradigm of social development suggest that there is now an urgent need to consider legal phenomena from different perspectives. Scientific thought, critically assessing the legal order, is rethinking the role and significance of many legal categories. The foreign element in private international law is no exception, which has not received a generalized characterization, the studies of which are largely fragmentary, not allowing to create a holistic view of its role and purpose. In Russian jurisprudence, the category of the foreign element was introduced in the early twentieth century, was widely used in the works of Soviet authors and is now dominant in Russian law and doctrine. However, this approach is no more than an established terminological tradition. It is obvious that citizenship, place of residence and location of a thing are only characteristics of particular elements of legal relations, but they are not elements in them-selves. They only acquire legal significance when they form the basis of a conflict of laws decision. The foreign element is the criterion for choosing the applicable law (conclusion of mar-riage, marital cohabitation, the location of the object, the infliction of damage, etc.), rather than an element of the legal relationship, as stated in the binding of the conflict-of-laws rule. It expresses the most relevant, close link between the relationship and the foreign legal order. Other ties are to be regarded as having no legal significance and do not influence the choice of competent law. The resolution of cross-border family disputes requires not only a proper determination of the legal nature of the relationship, but also the establishment of its legal connection to foreign law, taking into account only the relevant circumstances and aiming at an adequate determination of the applicable law. It only seems logical to choose the competent law, which is based on the conflict of laws provision, takes into account the legal characteristics of the disputed legal relationship and expresses the most meaningful connection between the rela-tionship and the law of the other state. A special role in this is played by the court, which must ensure predictability and certainty in the choice and application of the competent law. Unfor-tunately, Russian jurisprudence sometimes interprets the purpose of the foreign element in an unreasonable way and ignores the legal connection of the disputed legal relationship with the territory of the foreign state which is objectified in the binding of the conflict of laws rule.
ON CLARIFYING THE SUBJECT OF PENITENTIARY OVERSIGHT BY THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE ON A RANGE OF ACTS
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Voronin Oleg V.
Published: January 2021

The subject matter of the penitentiary oversight of the Prosecutor's Office in terms of the range of acts includes: Universally recognised (i.e. recognised by the vast majority of states) norms (principles) of international law in terms of establishing basic natural (inalienable) human rights, including in relation to persons held in places of detention and (or) serving measures of detention, which are part of the Russian Federation legal system and are directly incorporated into Russian national law: Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 December 1966. Constitution of the Russian Federation. Duly ratified international treaties and agreements, which may be divided into two groups A) duly ratified multilateral international treaties and agreements (conventions). B) bilateral treaties and agreements on international legal assistance (cooperation) in terms of defining the procedure and conditions of extradition (transfer) of convicts for serving the sentence and other measures of compulsory isolation, as well as application of measures of preliminary isolation from society to those suspected or accused of committing a crime. Some 60 such treaties have now been ratified. At the national legislative level, the Office of the Procurator-General also supervises implementation of and compliance with federal laws, in addition to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The laws may be conventionally divided into two groups. The first includes laws directly regulating the execution (serving) of penitentiary isolation measures. The second group covers laws that regulate activities directly related to compulsory isolation, as well as the activities of state bodies and institutions for which the execution of sentences serves as an additional function to the main activity. The next set of laws and regulations that form the subject matter of the penitentiary over-sight of the Public Prosecutor's Office are the subordinate laws and regulations. The subject is covered by by-laws of both general and departmental nature. The main peculiarity of deter-mining the scope of supervision in relation to departmental acts is that, on the one hand, the prosecutor supervises the implementation and compliance with the requirements contained in these acts, on the other hand, they themselves serve as a subject of supervision in terms of their compliance with the legislation in force. In this regard, the adoption of key ones usually requires the approval of the Prosecutor's Office, represented by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation or relevant subordinate prosecutors.
ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT
Authors:   Ural State University of Law (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation), Melyukhanova Evgenia E.
Published: January 2021

Economic and mathematical modelling is used to solve complex economic problems, one of which is to improve the economic efficiency of state activities in the field of sentencing and execution of criminal sanctions. From an economic point of view, researchers focus their attention primarily on the problem of crime. In this regard, useful from the methodological point of view is the economic-mathematical model of crime as outlined by S.A. Kolesnikov which is based on the offender behaviour model. There are three objects in the economic-mathematical model of crime. The first object is an offender, the second one is a victim possessing some asset attractive to an offender, and the third object in the model is the state which can detain and punish an offender. The author has developed and proposed an economic-mathematical model of criminal punishment. Rationality of state activity in the field of sentencing and execution of punish-ment means that the punishment is imposed and executed only if the expected costs of its imposition and execution are less than the amount of negative consequences resulting from the crime (both tangible and intangible). If criminal behaviour is rational, state activity should also be rational. Moreover, if the criminal acts on his own behalf and personally bears the risks arising from the criminal activity, the state acts on behalf of the entire society and may not be exposed to excessive risks and unreasonable costs in the process of punishment. Therefore the rational criminal activity of citizens must be contrasted with the rational punitive activity of the state. In order to rationalise the punitive activity of the state, an economic-mathematical model of criminal punishment should be developed. If the economic-mathematical model of crime is based on the theory of expected utility, then the economic-mathematical model of criminal punishment should be based on the theory of costs, because state activities involving punishment are inevitably accompanied by certain costs. Moreover, there are negative consequences (both tangible and intangible) that result from the crime, which also constitute a cost to society. In conclusion, the author concludes that the economic-mathematical model of criminal punishment makes it possible to determine the efficiency of the state's activities in prescribing and enforcing punishment, therefore, it can be used in the law enforcement activities of state authorities.
CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECIDIVISM
Authors:   East Siberian State University of Technology and Management (Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Filippova Olga V.
Published: January 2021

Recidivism is an indicator of the imperfection of the system of punishments, the practice of their execution, as well as the stability of anti-social attitudes of those who commit crimes. The purpose of this study is to conduct a criminological analysis of recidivism in the Russian Federation (to determine the level, structure and dynamics) in the period from 2006 to 2018 and on this basis to establish trends in its development. Criminological characteristic of recidivism includes quantitative and qualitative analysis of the totality of crimes committed by persons who have previously committed crimes, after the application of criminal law measures to them for previous crimes, as well as the totality of these persons themselves. The study led to conclusions about an increase in both the absolute and relative indices of recidivism: the number of crimes committed by persons who had previously committed offences increased by 18.4 per cent in the period under study, and the recidivism rate increased by 15.3 per cent. The recidivism rate doubled from 13.9% in 2006 to 31.6% in 2018. There has been an increase in the number of persons who had previously committed crimes, while the criminal activity of persons who were exempted from criminal liability for previously committed crimes on non-rehabilitation grounds has also increased among the detected offenders.Minor offences accounted for the largest proportion of recidivism: 54.8 per cent. Offences of medium gravity accounted for 26.2 per cent, serious offences for 15 per cent and especially serious offences for 4 per cent. Recidivism was mainly represented by crimes against property: their share was 42.7%; crimes against persons 16.6%, and against public health 11.9%. The highest proportion of those previously convicted of robbery was observed (52.1%). High recidivism rate was also observed among drug offenders - 28-30%, and, as a rule, it was special recidivism, i.e. recidi-vism by those who had previously committed homogeneous (identical) crimes. Criminal record statistics during the reviewed period showed a decrease in the absolute number of convicts, while at the same time an increase in the proportion of those with an unexpunged and unexpunged criminal record. In 2018, the number of convicts with an unexpunged and unexpunged criminal record at the time of the offence was 231583, or 35.2% of all convicts Among those convicted, the proportion of those who have been sentenced to imprison-ment for the third time or more has increased. Whereas in 2007 their share was 20.2%, in 2018 it was 36.1%. - At the same time, the share of first-time offenders decreased from 53.7% to 45.8%.
Yapay Sinir Ağları ve Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Kullanarak Emeklilik Fonu Net Varlık Değerlerinin Tahmin Edilmesi
Authors: KAYAKUŞ Mehmet , TERZİOĞLU Mustafa
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren ve atak portföy yapısı ile tanımlanan 12 bireysel emeklilik fonunun Aralık 2005- Ocak 2020 dönemi arasında aylık olarak net varlık değerleri (NAV) çok katmanlı algılayıcı (ÇKA) ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon yöntemleriyle tahmin edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun için 12 bağımsız değişken ve bir bağımlı değişkenden oluşan modeller oluşturulmuş; elde edilen sonuçların başarı oranları ve hata değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır. ÇKA yönteminde giriş katmanında 12 düğüm, 2 gizli katman ve her gizli katmanda 5 düğüm ve çıkış katmanında bir düğüm olan bir ağ modeli tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan bu ağ modelinde gizli katma sayısı ve her gizli katmandaki nöron sayısı aynıdır. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon modelinde 12 bağımsız değişken ile bir bağımlı değişken arasındaki bağıntıyı ortaya koymak ve tahminde bulunmak için her bir bireysel emeklilik yatırım fonunun net varlık değeri için bir model oluşturulmuştur. ÇKA ağının başarı oranı %77,40, R2 0,986, RMSE 0,011, MAE 0,006, MAPE 0,076; ÇDR ise başarı oranı ise %44,54, R2 0,981, RMSE 0,024, MAE 0,018, MAPE 0,400 olmuştur. Bu çalışma sonucunda ÇKA’nın başarısının geleneksel ekonometrik bir yöntem olan doğrusal regresyona göre daha iyi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar Türkiye’de bundan önceki yapılan çalışmalar ile paralellik göstermektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışma profesyonel fon yöneticiler için de yönettikleri fonların performansını sürdürülebilir hale getirmesi ve değişen ekonomik koşullara göre portföylerini oluşturmasında yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Göğüs Kanseri Histopatolojik Görüntü Sınıflandırması
Authors: ERDEM Ebru , AYDİN Tolga
Published: January 2021

Meme kanseri, dünya genelinde kadınlarda, akciğer kanserinden sonra en çok rastlanan kanser türlerinden biridir. Kanserin erken teşhisi ve sınıflandırılması hastaların iyileşme sürecine olumlu etki edebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, göğüs histopatolojik görüntülerinde kanser tespiti için derin öğrenme yaklaşımları sunulmuştur. Derin öğrenme mimarilerinin başarısı probleme özgü değişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, önceden eğitilmiş CNN mimarilerinden, VGG16, Inception-V3 ve iki derin sinir ağın birleşimi olan ağ (VGG16+Inception-V3) kullanılarak sınıflandırma yapılmıştır. Çalışma içerisinde birleştirme ağ yapısı VIHist olarak adlandırılmıştır. Önerilen yaklaşımların performansı, BreakHist veri seti üzerinde incelenmiştir. Tespit için kullanılan görüntüler 40X büyütülmüş görüntü slaytlarıdır. Elde edilen bulgularda, %99.03 başarı ile birleştirme ağ yapısı (VIHist) en yüksek doğruluk oranını vermiştir. Inception-V3 ağı, VGG16 derin sinir ağına göre ~%6 daha üstün performans göstermiştir. Hastalık üzerinde patoloji bilgisine sahip olunmamasına rağmen, önerilen derin öğrenme mimarileri ile hastalık tespitinde %98.3 ± %1 başarı elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, literatürdeki başarılı çalışmalara göre performansın daha yüksek bulunduğu görülmüştür.
Ray Bileşenlerinde Meydana Gelen Arızaların Görüntü İşleme Teknikleri ile Tespit Edilmesi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Cüneyt , KAYA Yılmaz
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada görüntü işleme teknikleri kullanılarak demiryollarında kullanılan ray, baglantı noktaları, travers gibi bileşenlerde oluşan, kusurların ve hataların tespiti gerçekleştirilmiştir. Demiryolu bileşenlerinde oluşan hataların erken tespiti yapılarak, bu hataların hızlı ve etkin bir şekilde ortadan kaldırılması ve bu hatalardan dolayı oluşabilecek kazaların ve kayıpların önüne geçilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda demiryolu bileşenlerinden olan ray görüntülerinden bağlantı noktasında vidası olmayan, sıkma aparatı dönmüş veya çıkmış olan, ray çatlakları ve travers çatlakları bulunan görüntülerden oluşan 4 farklı bileşenden 7 farklı problem tespit edilerek çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen görüntülerden öncelikle SIFT, SURF, GLCM, LBP ve HOG olmak üzere 5 farklı öznitelik çıkarım yöntemi kullanılarak öznitelikler elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilen öznitelik vektörleri kullanılarak Decision Tree (DT), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), SVM, SVC, Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Nearest Neighbors(Knn), Neural Net (NN) ve Random Forest(RF) gibi 10 farklı makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri ile sınıflandırma işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. HOG kullanılarak çıkarılan özniteliklerden SVM sınıflandırma yöntemi ile %98 oranında başarı gözlenmiştir.
The Effect of Increases in User Weight and Road Slope on Energy Consumption in Disabled Vehicle Driven with PMSM
Authors: KAZAN Fatih Alpaslan , AKKAYA Ramazan
Published: January 2021

In this study, the effect of increases in user weight and road slope on energy consumption (Wh/km) value of a disabled vehicle driven with permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) was investigated. In order to digitize this effect, a test system consisting of a data reading card and an interface program prepared in Visual C # was developed. In this way, information about the disabled vehicle and the road was collected instantly during the test process and visualized in the interface. Then experimental studies were carried out on two roads with different slopes with users of different weights. Finally, by using the obtained results, the effect of increases in road slope and user weight on the energy consumption of the vehicle was demonstrated by numerical data. By using these results, the numerical simulations of battery-operated disabled vehicles can be calibrated and much more realistic simulation results can be obtained in future studies.
Order Preserving Stream Processing in Fog Computing Architectures
Authors: Vidyasankar K.
Published: January 2021

A Fog Computing architecture consists of edge nodes that generate and possibly pre-process (sensor) data, fog nodes that do some processing quickly and do any actuations that may be needed, and cloud nodes that may perform further detailed analysis for long-term and archival purposes. Processing of a batch of input data is distributed into sub-computations which are executed at the different nodes of the architecture. In many applications, the computations are expected to preserve the order in which the batches arrive at the sources. In this paper, we discuss mechanisms for performing the computations at a node in correct order, by storing some batches temporarily and/or dropping some batches. The former option causes a delay in processing and the latter option affects Quality of Service (QoS). We bring out the trade-offs between processing delay and storage capabilities of the nodes, and also between QoS and the storage capabilities.
An Efficient and Adaptive Framework to Access Heterogeneous Health Information Sources
Authors: Hamid Reza Hamidi Shokooh Kermanshahani,
Published: January 2021

In health informatics, the need for a consistent and integrated view of distributed and heterogeneous information sources is inevitable. Healthcare, medical education and research could benefit of integrating medical information of patients or about a disease, a treatment or side effects of a drug. This article proposes a flexible incremental update method for the materialized part of the integration system. It permits us to manage the integration system according to the characteristics of the data sources, which can be changed. We present a hybrid data integration approach.In this approach the materialized part of the system in mediator is the object indexation structure based on an instance classification of the sources objects which correspond to the global schema. The object identifier of each object in the indexation structure is materialized together with the attributes which are needed for the incremental updating of this indexation (classifying attributes).
Exploration of Hard to Solve 3-sat Problems
Authors: Chang-Yu Hsieh Robert Amador, Chen-Fu Chiang,
Published: January 2021

We designed and implemented an efficient tough random symmetric 3-SAT generator and propose two deterministic algorithms that efficiently generate 3-SAT instances with a unique solution. We quantify the first algorithms hardness in terms of CPU time, numbers of restarts, decisions, propagations, conflicts and conflicted literals that occur when a solver tries to solve 3-SAT instances. In this experiment, the clause variable ratio was chosen to be around the conventional critical phase transition number 4.24. The experiment shows that instances generated by our generator are significantly harder than instances generated by the Tough K-SAT generator. The two deterministic algorithms generate 3-SAT instances with the number of clauses scaling as 4n, where n is the number of variables, and (n+6), respectively. By combining these two algorithms along with a simple padding algorithm, we prove a hybrid algorithm that can generate n-variable instances with the number of clauses that scale between (n+6) and 7n(n-1)(n-2). Overall, all proposed SAT generators seek to explore unique difficult to solve SAT problems.
Research on Three-phase Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Generation System
Authors: N. Rui, Alexey Shumsky Ch. Hao, S. Yang, X. Wang,
Published: January 2021

With the development of world economic and shortage of energy, Research on solar photovoltaic power generation system is of great theoretical and practical significance in alleviating energy and environmental problems, improving the energy consumption structure and the performance of distributed generation systems. Under this background, this paper focus on the three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, in the terms of hardware system design, control algorithm and system simulation. In this paper, module of three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system is established. A variable step-size maximum power point tracking control strategy is proposed. And a control algorithm named double d-q axis phase-locked loop is proposed. Simulation is verified in the form of hardware.
The Creation of Information Model of Digital Library for Supporting Scientific and Educational Activity
Authors: А.Fedotov, О. Fedotova A. Bapanov, J. Tussupov,
Published: January 2021

The work is dedicated to the creation of information model of digital library for supporting scientific and educational activity. The information needs of modern users and data objects, which describe basic entities of the scientific information space such as the publication of document, person, dictionary entry, function and user, also the relationships between them are discussed.
Experimental Study of Digipass Go3 and the Security of Authentication
Authors: Semaev Igor
Published: January 2021

Based on the analysis of 6-digit one-time passwords (OTP) generated by DIGIPASS GO3 we were able to reconstruct the synchronization system of the token, the OTP generating algorithm and the verification protocol in details necessary for an attack. The OTPs are more predictable than expected. A forgery attack is described. We argue the attack success probability is much higher than it may be expected if all the digits are independently and uniformly distributed. The implications for the security of authentication are discussed and open questions are formulated.
Microprocessors KOMDIV for High Performance Embedded Systems
Authors: Bobkov S.G.
Published: January 2021

The problems of creating of high-performance embedded computing systems based on microprocessors KOMDIV is considered. Processor performance is dependent upon three characteristics: clock cycle, clock cycles per instruction, and instruction count. These characteristics for microprocessors KOMDIV are optimized using parameter performance/power consumption and requirements of embedded systems.
Constraints Based Heuristic Approach for Task Offloading In Mobile Cloud Computing
Authors: Sakshi Kaushal Raj Kumari,
Published: January 2021

Mobile devices are supporting a wide range of applications irrespective of their configuration. There is a need to make the mobile applications executable on mobile devices without concern of battery life. For optimizing mobile applications computational offloading is highly preferred. It helps to overcome the severity of scarce resources constraint mobile devices. In offloading, which part of the application to be offloaded, on which processor and what is available bandwidth rate are the main crucial issues. As subtasks of mobile applications are interdependent, efficient execution of application requires research of favorable wireless network conditions before to take the offloading decision. Broadly in mobile cloud computing the applications is either delay sensitive or delay tolerant. For delay sensitive applications completion time has the highest priority whereas for delay tolerant type of applications depending on the network conditions decision of offloading can be taken. Sometimes, computation time on a cloud server is less but it consumes high communication time which ultimately gives inefficient offloading results. To address this issue, we have proposed a heuristic based level wise task offloading (HTLO). It includes computation time, communication time and maximum energy available on the mobile device to take the decision of offloading. For simulation study, a mobile application is considered as a directed graph and all the tasks are executed on the basis of their levels. The overall results of the proposed heuristic approach are compared with state-of-the-art K-M LARAC algorithm and results show the improvement in execution time, communication time, mobile device energy consumption and total energy consumption.
SDN/NFV VNF Service Chaining
Authors: Et al. Dashmeet Anand, Hariharakumar Narasimhakumar,
Published: January 2021

Service Function Chaining (SFC) is a capability that links multiple network functions to deploy end-to-end network services. By virtualizing these network functions also known as Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), the dependency on traditional hardware can be removed, hence making it easier to deploy dynamic service chains over the cloud environment. Before implementing service chains over a large scale, it is necessary to understand the performance overhead created by each VNF owing to their varied characteristics. This research paper attempts to gain insights on the server and networking overhead encountered when a service chain is deployed on a cloud orchestration tool such as OpenStack. Specifically, this research will measure the CPU utilization, RAM usage and System Load of the server hosting OpenStack. Each VNF will be monitored for its varying performance parameters when subjected to different kinds of traffic. Our focus lies on acquiring performance parameters of the entire system for different service chains and compare throughput, latency, and VNF statistics of the virtual network. Insights obtained from this research can be used in the industry to achieve optimum performance of hardware and network resources while deploying service chains.
Multi-lead ECG Compression Based on Compressive Sensing
Authors: Jahanshahi Javad Afshar
Published: January 2021

Compressed Sensing (CS) has been considered a very effective means of reducing energy consumption at the energy-constrained wireless body sensor networks for monitoring the multi-lead Electrocardiogram (MECG) signals. This paper develops the compressed sensing theory for sparse modeling and effective multi-channel ECG compression. A basis matrix with Gaussian kernels is proposed to obtain the sparse representation of each channel, which showed the closest similarity to the ECG signals. Thereafter, the greedy orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) method is used to obtain the sparse representation of the signals. After obtaining the sparse representation of each ECG signal, the compressed sensing theory could be used to compress the signals as much as possible. Following the compression, the compressed signal is reconstructed utilizing the greedy orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) optimization technique to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the algorithm. Moreover, as the wavelet basis matrix is another sparsifying basis to sparse representations of ECG signals, the compressed sensing is applied to the ECG signals using the wavelet basis matrix. The simulation results indicated that the proposed algorithm with Gaussian basis matrix reduces the reconstruction error and increases the compression ratio.
FRIES: First Response Interactive Emergency System for the Visually and Hearing Impaired
Authors: Rishamdeep Khehra, Dilara Yildi, Solange Soria Wafa Elmannai, Yi Wang, Eltion Aliaj, Ahnaf Chowdhury,
Published: January 2021

It is very challenging for the visually and hearing- impaired people to react properly in case of a fire than the none- visually and hearing impaired. In addition, there is a lack of the current emergency response systems in the market that cater to the needs of visually and hearing-impaired people. Most of the current methods are expensive and unreliable while 90% of visually and hearing-impaired people live in developing countries. Therefore, we proposed a new emergency system called The First Response Interactive Emergency System (FRIES). This system provides all the emergency needs of hearing and visually impaired individuals when they are awake as well as asleep in case of a fire, carbon monoxide, and natural gas leak. It will also notify the emergency personnel and their caregivers. The cost of this system is very affordable. Our system consists of a microcontroller, which will be connected to the LED lights, gas sensors, smoke sensors, fire detector, speaker module, WIFI module, vibrating motors, and LCD display. All sensor data is simultaneous transmitted between the microcontroller and sensors. Our promising results showed that this system can be a complete emergency detection solution to provide safety for the visually and hearing impaired.
Las fuentes cubanas del Nuevo diccionario de la lengua castellana, de Vicente Salvá
Authors: Chávez-Rivera Armando
Published: January 2021

El filólogo y editor valenciano Vicente Salvá elaboró una edición mejorada del diccionario académico de 1843, la cual publicó bajo el título de Nuevo diccionario de la lengua castellana (1846). Salvá corrigió el diccionario de la RAE, pero a la vez le incorporó una muestra de voces regionales provenientes de Hispanoamérica. Salvá seleccionó numerosos cubanismos a partir de dos diccionarios elaborados en la isla, pero también se apoyó en otras fuentes escritas y orales. Este artículo se enfoca en esas fuentes y la selección de voces hecha por Salvá.
Logros lexicográficos del hispanismo serbio y el croata
Authors: Pejovic Andjelka
Published: January 2021

El trabajo tiene como objetivo principal presentar los logros lexicográficos bilingües del hispanismo serbio y el croata. Justificamos el tema, primero, con el hecho de que se trata de una disciplina y una parcela de estudios hispánicos muy importante, y segundo, con que hasta ahora no se haya hecho este tipo de investigación para dichas lenguas. Después de hacer una breve introducción teórica sobre la historia de la lengua española y las literaturas y culturas hispánicas en ambos países eslavos, y en particular sobre la lexicografía serbia y la croata, se procede a la presentación del corpus. El corpus se compone de los diccionarios bilingües (español-serbio/serbio-español, español-croata/croata-español) publicados en ambos países de habla eslava. Dichas obras lexicográficas se han encontrado principalmente en los catálogos de las bibliotecas nacionales y universitarias. Una vez recopilados los datos bibliográficos, se ha procedido a la consulta de los diccionarios encontrados, con el fin de clasificarlos. Finalmente, se comenta y se argumenta el cuadro obtenido y se sacan determinadas conclusiones.
Las voces canarias juercan y ajergo: ¿guanchismos o indigenismos hispánicos?
Authors: Morera Pérez Marcial
Published: January 2021

Frente las interpretaciones etimológicas tradicionales, que, con razones fonéticas y semánticas poco convincentes, consideraban que las voces canarias juercan, juerco, juergo,  ajergo, ejergo y jergo ‘vara con pelota de trapo en uno de sus extremos, que se usa para remover el grano en el tostador’ no eran otra cosa que flagrantes guanchismos, para unos, y palabras de origen románico, para otros, se sostiene en este ensayo, con razones formales, semánticas, culturales e históricas mucho más consistentes que las argüidas por guanchólogos, romanistas e hispanistas, que el verdadero origen de estas viejas voces insulares podría encontrarse en la voz bereber aferkan, procedente del aumentativo de la forma latina furca.
El léxico mexicano en el diccionario de Salvá, ¿influencia de Alcedo o simple referencia?
Authors: Kamenetskaia Sofía
Published: January 2021

En 1846 Vicente Salvá publicó su Nuevo diccionario de la lengua castellana, en el cual dio entrada al léxico de América, ausente en la obra académica. Según lo establecido por el propio editor parisino, para recopilar dicho repertorio, tuvo que acudir a varias fuentes, tanto impresas como orales, entre las que se contaba el Vocabulario americano elaborado por Antonio de Alcedo como anexo a su Diccionario Geográfico-Histórico de las Indias Occidentales ó América (1786-1789). El presente artículo pretende revisar las voces mexicanas contenidas en la obra de Salvá para determinar hasta qué punto el valenciano tuvo la influencia de Alcedo, si fue su fiel seguidor, o solamente se trata de una simple referencia en la recopilación y tratamiento de este caudal lexicográfico.
Fall 2020
Authors: Adamek Margaret E.
Published: January 2021

Editorial
MAGNESIUM SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE AS PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL IN DOUBLE SLOPE SOLAR STILL
Authors: KHANDAGRE Mohan , GUPTA Bhupendra , BHALAVI Jyotı , BAREDAR Prashant
Published: January 2021

Solar still is best choice of utilizing freely available solar thermal energy to purify/desalinate muddy water. The driving force for this work is the inadequate availability of clean fresh water sources and the plenty of contaminated water available for probable conversion into potable water. Among various designs available, double basin passive solar still looks attractive for thermal applications in water prone and remote areas. This work presents experimental characterization of double slope solar still using phase change materials. This work aims to improve the performance (productivity of fresh water) using Mg2SO4.7H2O as phase change material (PCM). Different tests were conducted for varying mass of the PCM. For experimentation, two identical double slope solar stills (basin area of 0.5×0.5 m2) were designed, fabricated and tested for freshwater productivity. One is solar still (without PCM) and second with phase change material. A water depth of 5 cm was constant throughout the experimentation under climate conditions of Jabalpur (23° 10' N, 79° 59'E), Madhya Pradesh India. The results obtained indicate that daily distillate for solar still with Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is higher as compared to solar still without PCM. The convective heat transfer coefficient increases during the discharging period of PCM The daily freshwater productivity of 1400, 1420 & 1400 ml/m2/day for solar still (without Mg2SO4.7H2O), while 1800, 1900 & 1960 ml/m2day for the solar still (with PCM) were recorded with addition of 0.5, 0.75 and 1kg of Mg2SO4.7H2O respectively. The overall thermal efficiency of the solar still with PCM was observed to be 64%, and for a solar still without the PCM, it was 47% while the other conditions kept constant.
The duration of antiretrovirals administration and hearing impairment in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Hafni Bima Riantardo , Ruspita Dian Ayu , Sofro Muchlis Achsan Udji , Hariyati Riece , Naftali Zulfikar , Yusmawan Willy , K. D. Anna Mailasari , . Muyassaroh
Published: January 2021

Background: Antiretrovirals (ARV) treatment in HIV has a role in preventing HIV transmission, because ARV drugs have a mechanism of action to prevent viral replication which gradually reduces the amount of virus in the blood. Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are a type of ARV that has side effects of hearing impairment. This research was purposed to determine the relationship between the duration of ARV administration with hearing impairment HIV-infected patients.Methods: We used a cross-sectional design in HIV patients aged 19-59 years who were undergoing ARV treatment at Dr. Kariadi Semarang. We identified 91 patients whose complaints of hearing impairment (tinnitus and/or hearing loss) obtained from the history. We analyzed the data with the chi-square test, fisher's exact and yate correlation.Results: There were 91 respondents who received ARVs. Male 62 people (68.1%) female 29 people (31.9%), the youngest was 19 years old, the oldest was 52 years old, mean age was 34.8 years+ 8,04. The duration of ARV administration was not associated with tinnitus (p=0.385), hearing loss (p=0.344), and hearing impairment (p=0.454).Conclusions: The duration of ARV administration was not associated with tinitus, hearing loss, hearing impairment.
A prospective comparative study of Lichtenstein procedure with and without mesh-fixation for inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Wani Hilal A. , Mahesh Anshuman , Mir Irfan N.
Published: January 2021

Background: Repair of inguinal hernia is one of the most common elective operations performed in general surgery worldwide. Mesh-hernioplasty became the gold standard, because of its low recurrence rate in comparison with tissue repairs. The ideal repair must be simple, safe easy to perform and require minimal dissection which provides enough space, should be cost effective with less hospital stay, less pain and less recurrence. The present study aimed at comparing the effect of mesh fixation and non-fixation in Lichtenstein technique for inguinal hernia repair.Methods: Hundred (100) patients with primary uncomplicated, unilateral inguinal hernia were treated between April 2019 and September 2020. Patients with inguinal hernia underwent Lichtenstein repair with mesh-fixation (group A) (n=50) and non-fixation (group B) (n=50). The mean operative time, post-operative pain score, average hospital study, post-operative complications and recurrence rates were compared between the two groups.Results: Mean operative time in non-fixation group- (group B) (32.24 min) was shorter as compared to fixation group-(G1) (49.36 min) with a p value of 0.002. Post-operative pain score was lower in (group B) at 12 and 24 hours (3.71±1.409 and 2.2±0.8169) as compared to G1 at 12 and 24 hours (4.77±1.196 and 2.98±1.295) with a p value of <0.0001. The analgesia required in (group B) was less as compared to (group A). The post-operative complication and recurrence rates were almost identical in both the groups, with lesser incidence of groin pain and paresthesias in group B.Conclusions: In Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair, non-fixation of mesh is safe and preferable option, with less operative time and less postoperative pain.
Retinal abnormalities in children suffering from low hemoglobin levels
Authors: Punjabi Sharda , Devasthali Gauri , Gulati Archana
Published: January 2021

Background: Anemia is a major public health problem with total prevalence of 30%. It is one of the hematological disorders which can induce retinal changes that are due to retinal hypoxia that leads to nerve fiber layer infarction. Other change includes increased vascular permeability, venous stasis, angiospasm and increased blood viscosity.Methods:  This is the cross-sectional study that includes 230 children with age group of 1 to15 years having hemoglobin levels less than 10 gm/dl referred to eye OPD. Ocular examination was done which included-visual acuity, anterior segment, dilated fundus examination.Results: Retinopathy was observed in 95% children of severe anemia and 84% children of moderate anemia. Common findings observed vascular changes, dot blot hemorrhages, flame shaped hemorrhages, sub hyaloids hemorrhages, disc pallor and macular edema.Conclusions: Retinopathy is a frequent finding seen in moderate to severe anemic patients, as the retinal changes were found significantly in maximum patients, it is recommended that all anemic patients particular Hb less than 10 g/dl must undergo routine fundus examinations.
Does pleurotomy for internal mammary artery harvest increase postoperative complications? A comparative study of internal mammary artery harvest with and without pleurotomy
Authors: Palanki Surya Satya Gopal , Kummari Madhusudan , Dontineni Praveen , Malempati Amaresh Rao , Bomma Kaladhar
Published: January 2021

Background: To assess and compare the postoperative complications in patients who are undergoing Left Internal Mammary artery harvesting for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery with pleurotomy and without pleurotomy.Methods: The study was conducted on the patients admitted in a single unit of department of cardiothoracic surgery,NIMS, Hyderabad during the period of July 2017 to December2017.The study was a randomized open labelled controlled trial of two interventions.A total of 90 patients undergoing Coronary artery bypass surgery were enrolled in the study,with 60 among them having their Internal mammary harvesting done with pleurotomy and 30 undergoing the same without pleurotomy.Results: In the non pleurotomy group, 16 (53.33%) were male and 14 (46.66%) were female.In the pleurotmy group males and females were 41 (68.33%) and 19 (31.66%) respectively.There was no statistical significance between both the groups with respect to posteroperative bleeding, icu stay, reexploration rate,duration of ventilation,PaO2 and PCo2 values or wound infection rates. The only difference between both the groups which showed statistical significance(0.051) was the occurence of pleural effusion on POD 5 .In the closed pleurotomy group only 2(6.66%) patients had pleural effusion upto POD5, whereas in the open pleurotomy group 14 (23.33%) patients had pleural effusion persisting till POD5.Conclusions: There is a higher incidence of Pleural effusion in the pleurotomy group although this did not translate into higher postop pain score,ICU/Hospital stay, wound infection rates.
Functional results of AO 13C fractures managed with bicolumnar plating in a tertiary care centre of North India
Authors: Raina Gagandeep Singh , Gupta Sanjeev , Mahajan Neeraj , Mahajan Rahul , Lone Zubair A.
Published: January 2021

Background: Distal humerus fractures are associated with many problems like fracture comminution and complex fracture anatomy. Achieving a good functional range of motion at the elbow with stability are the primary objectives in managing a comminuted distal humerus fracture.Methods: 25 consecutive patients were operated with bicolumnar plating for fracture distal humerus AO type 13C. The patients were kept in follow up for at least six months. Mayo elbow performance (MEP) score and flexion extension arc was calculated to study the outcome.Results: All patients achieved fracture union with mean MEP score of 73.2 and mean flexion extension arc of 93º. This was within the functional range of elbow. Stiffness was observed to be most common complication.Conclusions: Our study concluded that internal fixation with bicolumnar plating offers good functional results in comminuted intra-articular fractures even in osteoporotic bone with negligible complications.
Are taxane based regimens better than non-taxane fluoropyrimidine based regimens in advanced gastric cancer? Findings from an observational multicentre study, South India
Authors: Nandennavar Manjunath I. , Rathnam Krishnakumar , Murugesan Janarthinakani , Raman Ganapathy S. , Elangovan Vidhubala , Chinnakali Palanivel , Karpurmath Shashidhar V.
Published: January 2021

Background: Capecitabine, 5 Fluorouracil, platinum agents and taxanes are either used alone or in combination in advanced gastric cancers (AGC). Data on tolerability and efficacy of these regimens are minimal. We aimed to report proportion of AGC patients opting for best supportive care upfront and tolerability and efficacy of taxane and non-taxane fluoropyrimidine based regimens from three oncology centers, South India.Methods: Case records of AGC patients initiated on either taxane or non-taxane fluoropyrimidine based chemotherapy during May 2016 to Dec 2017 in three private tertiary cancer care centers across two states in south India were reviewed. Information on clinical characteristics, regimen used, radiological and clinical response, toxicity and its related hospital admissions were extracted. Statistical analysis was done by categorical variables that were summarized using proportions. Median survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier curves and comparison between the groups were done using log-rank test.Results: Of 88 AGC patients, 27 patients (30.7%) opted for best supportive care; 19 and 41 patients received paclitaxel based and non-taxane fluoropyrimidine based regimens respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in pain symptoms, vomiting, hospital admissions and intensive care admissions between the two regimens. Median (inter quartile range) survival of patients receiving best supportive care, taxane based regimen and non-taxane fluoropyrimidine regimen were 3.1 (1.5-16.1), 7.4 (1.6-15.0) and 11.6 (3.2-29.3) months respectively. Median (range) survival on any chemotherapy was 10.3 (1.6-29.3) months and it was significantly higher compared to best supportive care (p<0.001)Conclusions: AGC patients on chemotherapy had improved overall survival compared to stand alone best supportive care. Fluoropyrimidine based regimens offered better survival than taxane based regimen.
Epidemiological profile of patients presenting to dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital during nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19: a retrospective study from north India
Authors: Shah Faizan Younus , Tasaduq Irfan , Bashir Yaqzata , Kitab Ifrah Shafat , Shah Aaqib Aslam , Dar Uzair Khursheed , Devi Reeta , Hassan Iffat , Shah Faisal Younis
Published: January 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has seen an unprecedented lockdown with restrictions on human movement and interaction, imposed throughout the world to contain the spread of the disease. This gave us the unique opportunity to study the pattern of patients presenting to the dermatology out-patient department during this period.Methods: The study was a retrospective observational study involving the assessment of patient records from 25th March 2020 to 7th June 2020. This period corresponds to the duration of strictly imposed nationwide lockdown which was relaxed with phased resumption from 8th June 2020, termed as unlock 1.Results: A decrease in the absolute as well as proportional number of patients was seen in majority of the cases with a statistically significant proportional decline being seen in cases of allergic contact dermatitis (p-value =0.007), acne (p value <0.001), male pattern hair loss (p value <0.001) and female pattern hair loss (p value <0.001), verrucae (p value=0.01), seborrheic dermatitis (p value <0.001), ephelids (p value <0.001), melasma (p value<0.001), post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (p value=0.006). However, there were certain disorders whose proportionate representation increased significantly during the lockdown period contrary to prevalent belief. These disorders included urticaria (p value <0.001), herpes zoster (p value <0.001), scabies (p value =0.01), generalized pruritus (p value <0.001) and prurigo (p value <0.001).Conclusions: Disorders like acne, male pattern hair loss, female pattern hair loss, verrucae, seborrheic dermatitis, ephelids, melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation which do not cause significant morbidity showed a significant decrease in proportional representation. The proportionate representation of disorders like urticaria, herpes zoster, scabies, generalized pruritus and prurigo increased significantly during the lockdown period.