bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-varying trends from Arctic ozonesonde time series in the years 1994–2022
Authors: Nilsen K. , Kivi R. , Laine M. , Poyraz D. , Van Malderen R. , von der Gathen P. , Tarasick D. W. , Thölix L. , Jepsen N.
Published: November 2024

Although evidence of recovery in Antarctic stratospheric ozone has been found, evidence of recovery in Arctic ozone is still elusive, even though 25 years have passed since the peak in ozone depleting substances. Here we have used a Dynamic Linear Model to derive time-varying trends over 20-year periods in the Arctic ozone time series, measured in-situ by ozonesondes from 6 stations, from 1994 to 2022. The model accounts for seasonality, external forcing and 1st-order correlation in the residuals. As proxies for the external forcing, we have used tropopause pressure (replaced with Arctic Oscillation in the troposphere), eddy heat flux, the volume of polar stratospheric clouds multiplied by effective equivalent stratospheric chlorine, and solar radio flux at 10.7 cm for the 11-year solar cycle. Our results indicate that the ozone recovery in the lower Arctic stratosphere is not detectable. Though significant positive trends have been detected prior to 2017 at some stations, there are no statistically significant positive trends after 2017. Moreover, at a number of stations the trends after 2019 are rather negative and significant, varying between − 0.30 ± 0.25 and − 1.00 ± 0.85% per decade. Furthermore, the Arctic troposphere exhibited only statistically significant negative trends over 20-year periods ending in 2017 or later, varying between − 0.31 ± 0.27 and − 1.76 ± 0.41% per decade. These results highlight the importance of continued monitoring of the Arctic ozone.
Design, analysis, and demonstration of the COAST guidewire robot with middle tube rotation for endovascular interventions
Authors: Ravigopal Sharan R. , Konda Revanth , Malhotra Nidhi , Desai Jaydev P.
Published: November 2024

Minimally invasive procedures for endovascular interventions involve manual navigation of a guidewire. Endovascular interventions encompassing highly tortuous vessels would benefit from guidewires which exhibit higher dexterity. This paper introduces a version of the COAST (COaxially Aligned STeerable) guidewire system capable of exhibiting higher dexterity. The system presented in this paper consists of three coaxially aligned tubes with a tendon to actuate the middle tube. Furthermore, it is possible to independently rotate the middle tube with respect to the outer tube. This variation enables the guidewire to achieve curvature in different planes while avoiding rotation of the entire structure. We also present the simulated stability of the guidewire with different outer tube geometries and experimentally validate the model. Experimental analysis and modeling of the kinematic behavior of the system is presented. A model to calculate the curvature vs. tendon stroke relationship for the optimal notch geometry is presented with an average RMSE of 0.16 mm. A control strategy addressing the snapping instabilities to ensure reliable operation is discussed. A custom phantom vessel and an aortic arch phantom model were used to demonstrate the ability of the system to safely navigate through tortuous pathways without exhibiting these elastic instabilities.
Estimating trauma prevalence from incomplete human skeletal remains
Authors: Beier Judith , Santon Matteo , Rathmann Hannes
Published: November 2024

Traumatic lesions on human skeletal remains are widely used for reconstructing past accidents or violent encounters and for comparing trauma prevalence across samples over time and space. However, uncertainties in trauma prevalence estimates increase proportionally with decreasing skeletal completeness, as once-present trauma might have gone missing. To account for this bias, samples are typically restricted to skeletal remains meeting a predefined minimum completeness threshold. However, the effect of this common practice on resulting estimates remains unexplored. Here, we test the performance of the conventional frequency approach, which considers only specimens with ≥ 75% completeness, against a recent alternative based on generalized linear models (GLMs), integrating specimen completeness as a covariate. Using a simulation framework grounded on empirical forensic, clinical, and archaeological data, we evaluated how closely frequency- and GLM-based estimates conform to the known trauma prevalence of once-complete cranial samples after introducing increasing levels of missing values. We show that GLM-based estimates were consistently more precise than frequencies across all levels of incompleteness and regardless of sample size. Unlike GLMs, frequencies increasingly produced incorrect relative patterns between samples and occasionally failed to produce estimates as incompleteness increased, particularly in smaller samples. Consequently, we generally recommend using GLMs and their extensions over frequencies, although neither approach is fully reliable when applied to largely incomplete samples.
Comparison of different imaging devices and navigation systems for cervical pedicle screw placement: an experimental study on screw accuracy, screw placement time and radiation dose
Authors: Mandelka Eric , Wolf Justine , Medrow Antonia , Gruetzner Paul A. , Vetter Sven Y. , Gierse Jula
Published: November 2024

Cervical pedicle screws (CPS) provide biomechanically superior fixation compared to other techniques but are technically more demanding. Navigated CPS placement has been increasingly reported as a safe and accurate technique, yet there are few studies comparing different combinations of imaging and navigation systems under comparable conditions. With this study, we aimed to compare different imaging and navigation systems for CPS placement in terms of accuracy, screw placement time and applied radiation dose. For this experimental study, navigated CPS placement was performed at levels C2 to C7 in 24 identical radiopaque artificial spine models by two surgeons with different levels of experience using three different combinations of intraoperative 3D imaging devices and navigation systems. Accuracy, time and radiation dose were compared between the groups. In total, 288 screws were placed. Accuracy was > 98% in all groups with no significant differences between groups or between surgeons (P = 0.30 and P = 0.31, respectively), but the inexperienced surgeon required significantly more time (P < 0.001). Radiation dose was significantly higher with iCT compared to CBCT (P < 0.0001). Under experimental conditions, accuracy rates of > 98% were achieved for navigated CPS placement regardless of the imaging modality or navigation system used. Radiation doses were significantly lower for CBCT compared to iCT guidance.
The role of dogs is associated with owner management practices and characteristics, but not with perceived canine behaviour problems
Authors: Gillet Laura , Simon Barbara , Kubinyi Eniko
Published: November 2024

Owned dogs are often regarded as family members, best friends, or even as substitutes for children. These new roles and their effects on human well-being have received scientific attention, but little is known about how attributing such social functions to dogs might influence the caring behaviour of the owner, which in turn can impact canine welfare. Our online survey of Hungarian dog owners (N = 790) aimed to describe what owners appreciate the most and the least in their dogs and to investigate the relationship between the social and non-social functions of the dog, the characteristics of the owner and the dog, the management practices of the owner, as well as the dog’s behaviour, including behaviour problems. We found that most owners appreciated petting and physical contact with their dog (97.6%), followed by ‘unconditional love’ (93.7%), the dog’s beauty (88.4%), and walking with the dog (86.5%). The most frequently mentioned problems were socialisation issues (20.4%) and lack of time (15.9%). Regarding canine behaviour, jumping up (33.2%), chasing animals (28.5%), territoriality (26.7%), and overexcitement (20.9%) were common problems. Almost a quarter of owners rated their dogs as totally obedient and 30.6% as totally safe off-leash. We identified three profiles of dog owners based on the roles they attribute to their dogs. Dogs with both companionship and practical functions (31.1%) were perceived as more obedient and provided higher safety benefits to their owners than others. Dogs regarded as ‘companion animals’ (19.4%) spent less time with their owners and had older owners than others. Lastly, owners labelled as ‘dog parents’ (49.5%) were more likely to keep their dog indoors only than others. Importantly, the roles attributed to dogs were not associated with owner-reported canine behaviour problems. We concluded that while the functions humans attribute to dogs are multiple and appear to have direct implications for the dogs’ daily lives, these variations in management practices do not necessarily seem to compromise their welfare.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of cationic-based fluorescent-tagged polyacrylate copolymers for improving oil recovery
Authors: Abd-Elaal Ali A. , Tawfik Salah M. , Abd-Elhamid Ahmed , Salem Khalaf G. , El-hoshoudy A. N.
Published: November 2024

The growing need for energy and the depletion of oil wells necessitate advanced Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques, particularly water and polymer flooding, which play a crucial role in augmenting hydrocarbon recovery rates. However, water flooding in high-permeability layers often leads to water breakthroughs, reduced sweep efficiency, and the formation of preferential channels, posing significant challenges to oil recovery and reservoir management. Conformance control treatments, including the use of polymer microspheres, offer a promising solution by sealing high-permeability zones and enhancing sweep efficiency. This study focuses on the application of fluorescent polymer microspheres based on polyacrylamide, which is extensively employed in the oil sector as an oil displacement agent. Fluorescent polymers called Poly 400, Poly 200, and Poly 600, incorporating cationic methacrylamide monomers, were synthesized through copolymerization to create amphiphilic polymers with enhanced stability and functionality. These fluorescent polymers were evaluated through flooding tests using a quarter-five-spot model of transparent quartz glass under UV light, allowing for instantaneous measurement and observation of fluorescence intensity. At reservoir conditions, the oil displacement experiments confirm that the incremental oil after water flooding by Poly 400, Poly 200, and Poly 600, is 13.1%, 9.1%, and 6.1% of OOIP respectively. The findings showed that fluorescent polymer microspheres could efficiently target high-permeability layers, adapt to varying pore throat sizes, and improve the plugging rate of high-permeability channels, thereby optimizing oil recovery. A subsequent simulation study using the CMG simulator provided further insights into the efficacy of these fluorescent polymers as EOR agents, revealing their potential to enhance sweep efficiency and enhance oil recovery. Simulation results showed that oil saturation decreased from 68% (initial) to 13.5%, 16.1%, and 18.3% after Poly 400, Poly 200, and Poly 600 flooding respectively. This work highlights the potential of fluorescent polymer microspheres as a valuable tool for EOR applications, offering significant advancements in reservoir management and oil recovery optimization.
Coordinated distributed model predictive control for multi energy carrier systems
Authors: El-Afifi Magda I. , Eladl Abdelfattah A. , El-Saadawi Magdi M. , Sedhom Bishoy E. , Osman Samaa F.
Published: November 2024

Introducing Energy hubs (EHs) is a beneficial strategy for incorporating quickly expanding renewable energies. However, the stochastic nature of renewable energy sources (RESs) and fluctuating energy demand have produced a number of difficulties, including unstable voltage/frequency, challenging energy management, and difficult network interaction. Additionally, the changing in response time of electrical and heat demands will make control challenging. This paper proposes a distributed control system for use with dynamic EHs. The RESs and loads present in the multi-carrier system cause the dynamics considering here. In order to optimise system performance, this research suggests a distributed model predictive control strategy that considers expected behaviour and operational restrictions. The strategy’s potential is demonstrated via simulations in which the proposed scheme is applied to a benchmark system.
High detail resolution cellulose structures through electroprinting
Authors: Rezaei Farnaz , Carlsson Daniel O. , Dahlstrom Jimmy Hedin , Lindh Jonas , Johansson Stefan
Published: November 2024

Electrospinning is a technique used to fabricate polymer fibers in micro- and nanoscales. Due to the large distance between the nozzle and collector, there is a limited positioning accuracy of electrospun fibers. To enhance the possibility of fabricating structures with micrometer placement, an electroprinting technique has been developed. By reducing the distance between the nozzle and the collector it is demonstrated that it is possible to get an improved control over fiber positioning which gives a possibility to fabricate designed 3D structures at the micron scale. In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) has been selected as a biomaterial to advance the 3D printing of membranes with possible use in separation applications. Various parameters, such as CA concentration and molecular weight, printing speed, printing pattern, applied voltage, etc. are evaluated with respect to printing control. Results indicate that by optimizing the printing parameters it is possible to print structures with inter- fiber distances down to 3 µm and fiber diameters at a sub-µm scale. This electroprinting development is promising for the fabrication of customized separation membranes. However, printing speed still remains a challenge.
Nutritional composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant potentiality of some indigenous vegetables consumed in Bangladesh
Authors: Mila Khurshida Jahan , Hassan Jahidul , Hasan Md. Fakhrul , Alfagham Alanoud T. , Ali Liakat , Islam Md. Saiful , Zubayer Md. , Gomasta Joydeb , Ozaki Yukio , Siddiqui Manzer H. , Khalid Farhan , Mondal Md. Ferdous
Published: November 2024

Food and nutrition security are essential for accomplishing sustainable development goals, and a growing population requires various food sources to address hunger and nutrition. Indigenous vegetables are nutritious, healthy, and adaptable to local conditions, making them a potential food and nutrition security resource. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional richness of indigenous vegetables by comparing the nutritional content of commonly grown indigenous vegetables like Chenopodium album (Bathua), Coccinia grandis (Telakucha), Amaranthus viridis (Shaknotey), Moringa oleifera (Shojne), Alternanthera philoxeroides (Malancha), and Xanthium strumarium (Ghagra) to BARI Lalshak-1 (Amaranthus tricolor). Shojne violet had the highest lightness (L*), directions (b*), and chroma (c*) of 43.50, 23.69, and 25.02, respectively and telakucha had the highest luminosity (h°) of 114.11. Shaknotey had more moisture (88.97 %) than bathua green (66.62 %) or ghagra (72.55 %). Ghagra had the most chlorophyll a (1.11 mg/g), b (0.65 mg/g), total chlorophyll (2.04 mg/g), ascorbic acid (22.0 mg/100 g), and flavonoids (50.1 mgQE/100 g). Bathua red had significant levels of anthocyanin, carotenoids, and strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 value): 42.9 µg/g, 0.24 mg/g, and 12.4 µg/mL, respectively. Shojne green and telakucha were found rich in phenolic content (136.0 mgGAE/100 g) and β-carotene (2.05 mg/100 g), respectively. Moreover, the studied indigenous vegetables were rich in minerals, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron, with a very high K content (49.4–79.4 mg/g). Correlation matrix and PCA showed that ghagra, shojne, and bathua species were nutritionally superior to others. Therefore, the current findings suggest that ghara, shojne and bathua can become a nutrient-rich indigenous vegetable and improve human nutrition.
Logistic organ dysfunction system as an early risk stratification tool after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Tuzi Sheri , Kranawetter Beate , Moerer Onnen , Rohde Veit , Mielke Dorothee , Malinova Vesna
Published: November 2024

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) not only causes neurological deficits but also influences extracerebral organ functions. The Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) reliably captures organ dysfunctions and predicts mortality of critically ill patients. This study investigated LODS in the setting of aSAH as a surrogate marker for early brain injury (EBI). Patients with aSAH treated between 2012 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. LODS was calculated within 24 h upon admission applying functional parameters for each organ system. The EBI was evaluated based on 1-persistent loss of consciousness, 2-global cerebral edema, and 3-intracranial blood burden. The outcome was assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3-months after ictus (mRS > 2 = unfavorable outcome). A total of 324 patients with a mean age of 55.9 years were included. Severe EBI (EBI grade ≥ 3) was found in 38% (124/324) of patients. Higher LODS score correlated with severe EBI (p < 0.0001) and poor outcome (p < 0.0001). LODS with a cutoff of 7 allowed a reliable discrimination (AUC 78%, p < 0.0001) of patients with severe from those with mild EBI. The LODS-calculation as an early risk stratification and prognostic tool reliably reflected the severity of EBI after aSAH and correlated with outcome.
A genome-wide association study of the racing performance traits in Yili horses based on Blink and FarmCPU models
Authors: Wang Chuankun , Zeng Yaqi , Wang Jianwen , Wang Tongliang , Li Xueyan , Shen Zhehong , Meng Jun , Yao Xinkui
Published: November 2024

Racing performance traits are the main indicators for evaluating the performance and value of sport horses. The aim of this study was to identify the key genes for racing performance traits in Yili horses by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Breeding values for racing performance traits were calculated for Yili horses (n = 827) using an animal model. Genome-wide association analysis of racing performance traits in horses (n = 236) was carried out using the Blink, and FarmCPU models in GAPIT software, and genes within the significant regions were functionally annotated. The results of GWAS showed that a total of 24 significant SNP markers (P < 6.05 × 10− 9) and 22 suggestive SNP markers (P < 1.21 × 10− 7) were identified. Among them, the Blink associated 16 significant SNP loci and FarmCPU associated 12 significant SNP loci. A total of 127 candidate genes (50 significant) were annotated. Among these, CNTN6 (motor coordination), NIPA1 (neuronal development), and DCC (dopamine pathway maturation) may be the main candidate genes affecting speed traits. SHANK2 (neuronal synaptic regulation), ISCA1 (mitochondrial protein assembly), and KCNIP4 (neuronal excitability) may be the main candidate genes affecting ranking score traits. A common locus (ECA1: 22698579) was significantly associated with racing performance traits, and the function of the genes at this locus needs to be studied in depth. These findings will provide new insights into the detection and selection of genetic variants for racing performance and will help to accelerate the genetic improvement of Yili horses.
Tube current reduction and iterative image reconstruction for computed tomography myelography
Authors: Paprottka Karolin J. , Schultz Vivian , Kupfer Karina , Beer Meinrad , Zimmer Claus , Kirschke Jan S. , Baum Thomas , Sollmann Nico
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the impact of a low-dose (LD) protocol using tube current reduction on image quality, the confidence for intervention planning and guidance, and diagnostic yield for computed tomography (CT) myelography. We retrospectively analyzed 68 patients who underwent CT myelography, with 34 investigations performed with a standard-dose (SD) and 34 investigations performed with a LD protocol (using tube current reduction). The different scans were matched considering variables such as sex, age, presence of spinal instrumentation, and body diameter. All images were evaluated by two readers (R1 and R2) using Likert scales. Image noise was measured using attenuation values of paraspinal muscle tissue. Images were reconstructed with model-based iterative reconstruction (post-myelography diagnostic scans) or hybrid reconstruction (planning, periprocedural, and diagnostic scans). Image quality, overall artifacts, image contrast, and confidence for planning or intervention guidance were rated good to perfect for both SD and LD scans according to evaluations of both readers. Inter-reader agreement was good to very good for the images from intervention planning (κ ≥ 0.80) as well as for intervention guidance (κ ≥ 0.77), as well as for diagnostic scans (κ ≥ 0.85). Image noise was similar between SD and LD scans performed for planning of the interventional procedures (model-based iterative reconstruction: SD 45.37 ± 7.29 HU vs. LD 45.17 ± 9.12 HU; hybrid reconstruction: SD 46.05 ± 7.43 HU vs. LD 45.05 ± 8.69 HU; p > 0.05). The volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDIvol) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) were significantly lower for the planning scans as well as the periprocedural scans when using the LD protocol as compared to the SD protocol (p < 0.05). In conclusion, implementation of a LD protocol with tube current reduction for CT myelography is a feasible option to reduce radiation exposure, especially when combined with iterative image reconstruction. In our study, LD imaging did not have a relevant negative impact on image quality, confidence for intervention planning or guidance, or diagnostic certainty for CT myelography.
The effects of a digital health intervention on patient activation in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lightfoot Courtney J. , Wilkinson Thomas J. , Sohansoha Gurneet K. , Gillies Clare L. , Vadaszy Noemi , Ford Ella C. , Davies Melanie J. , Yates Thomas , Smith Alice C. , Graham-Brown Matthew P. M. ,   On behalf of SMILE-K collaborators, McCafferty Kieran , Phillips Thomas , Winter-Goodwin Barbara , Sridharan Siva , Doulton Timothy , Adan Carlito , Bramham Kate , Ahmed Aimun , Nixon Andrew , Goldsmith Chris , Howse Matthew , Mitra Sandip , Abeygunasekara Sumith , Balasubramaniam Gowrie , Winnett Georgia , Ahmed Sohail , Donne Rosie , Brand Sarah , Lewis Robert , Sangala Nicholas , Dickinson Steve , Taal Maarten , Bingham Coralie , Curran Simon , Popoola Joyce , Stein Andrew , Veighey Kristin , Wallis Annika , Laboi Paul , Robins Vicky
Published: November 2024

My Kidneys & Me (MK&M), a digital health intervention delivering specialist health and lifestyle education for people with CKD, was developed and its effects tested (SMILE-K trial, ISRCTN18314195, 18/12/2020). 420 adult patients with CKD stages 3–4 were recruited and randomised 2:1 to intervention (MK&M) (n = 280) or control (n = 140) groups. Outcomes, including Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13), were collected at baseline and 20 weeks. Complete case (CC) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were conducted. 210 (75%) participants used MK&M more than once. PAM-13 increased at 20 weeks compared to control (CC: +3.1 (95%CI: −0.2 to 6.4), P = 0.065; PP: +3.6 (95%CI: 0.2 to 7.0), P = 0.041). In those with low activation at baseline, significant between-group differences were observed (CC: +6.6 (95%CI: 1.3 to 11.9), P = 0.016; PP: +9.2 (95%CI: 4.0 to 14.6), P < 0.001) favouring MK&M group. MK&M improved patient activation in those who used the resource compared to standard care, although the overall effect was non-significant. The greatest benefits were seen in those with low activation.
Integrated multi-omics identifies pathways governing interspecies interaction between A. fumigatus and K. pneumoniae
Authors: Bitencourt Tamires , Nogueira Filomena , Jenull Sabrina , Phan-Canh Trinh , Tscherner Michael , Kuchler Karl , Lion Thomas
Published: November 2024

Polymicrobial co- and superinfections involving bacterial and fungal pathogens pose serious challenges for diagnosis and therapy, and are associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. However, the metabolic dynamics of bacterial–fungal interactions (BFI) and the resulting impact on disease outcome remain largely unknown. The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae are clinically important pathogens sharing common niches in the human body, especially in the lower respiratory tract. We have exploited an integrated multi-omics approach to unravel the complex and multifaceted processes implicated in the interspecies communication involving these pathogens in mixed biofilms. In this setting, A. fumigatus responds to the bacterial challenge by rewiring its metabolism, attenuating the translational machineries, and by connecting secondary with primary metabolism, while K. pneumoniae maintains its central metabolism and translation activity. The flexibility in the metabolism of A. fumigatus and the ability to quickly adapt to the changing microenvironment mediated by the bacteria highlight new possibilities for studying the impact of cross-communication between competing interaction partners. The data underscore the complexity governing the dynamics underlying BFI, such as pronounced metabolic changes mounted in A. fumigatus interacting with K. pneumoniae. Our findings identify candidate biomarkers potentially exploitable for improved clinical management of BFI.
Neural reward system reflects individual value comparison strategy in cost-benefit decisions
Authors: Le Houcq Corbi Zarah , Soutschek Alexander
Published: November 2024

A core assumption in decision neuroscience is that individuals decide between options by comparing option-specific subjective reward values. Psychological accounts challenge this view and suggest that decisions are better explained by comparisons between choice attributes than by comparisons between option-specific values, casting doubts on the interpretation of activation in the neural reward system as subjective value signals. Here, we provide neuroimaging and pharmacological evidence that value-related neural activity follows the value comparison strategy employed by an individual on the psychological level. Neural model comparisons reveal that activation in the striatum, rather than generally reflecting attribute-wise or option-wise value comparisons, reflects the value comparison strategy that provides the best explanation for an individual’s choice behavior. Strikingly, manipulating activation in the dopaminergic reward system reveals that dopamine antagonism counteracts the engagement in an individual’s dominant value comparison strategy. Together, our findings provide evidence for the biological plausibility of psychological accounts of decision making and emphasize the importance of neural model comparisons to prevent misinterpretations of brain activation.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using plasma biomarkers adjusted to clinical probability
Authors: Therriault Joseph , Janelidze Shorena , Benedet Andréa Lessa , Ashton Nicholas J. , Arranz Martínez Javier , Gonzalez-Escalante Armand , Bellaver Bruna , Alcolea Daniel , Vrillon Agathe , Karim Helmet , Mielke Michelle M. , Hyung Hong Chang , Roh Hyun Woong , Contador José , Puig Pijoan Albert , Algeciras-Schimnich Alicia , Vemuri Prashanthi , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Lowe Val J. , Karikari Thomas K. , Jonaitis Erin , Brum Wagner , Tissot Cécile , Servaes Stijn , Rahmouni Nesrine , Macedo Arthur C. , Stevenson Jenna , Fernandez-Arias Jaime , Wang Yi-Ting , Woo Marcel S. , Friese Manuel A. , Jia Wan Lu , Dumurgier Julien , Hourregue Claire , Cognat Emmanuel , Ferreira Pamela Lukasewicz , Vitali Paolo , Johnson Sterling , Pascoal Tharick A. , Gauthier Serge , Lleó Alberto , Paquet Claire , Petersen Ronald C. , Salmon David , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Palmqvist Sebastian , Stomrud Erik , Galasko Douglas , Son Sang Joon , Zetterberg Henrik , Fortea Juan , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Jack Clifford R. , Blennow Kaj , Hansson Oskar , Rosa-Neto Pedro
Published: November 2024

Recently approved anti-amyloid immunotherapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) require evidence of amyloid-β pathology from positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) before initiating treatment. Blood-based biomarkers promise to reduce the need for PET or CSF testing; however, their interpretation at the individual level and the circumstances requiring confirmatory testing are poorly understood. Individual-level interpretation of diagnostic test results requires knowledge of disease prevalence in relation to clinical presentation (clinical pretest probability). Here, in a study of 6,896 individuals evaluated from 11 cohort studies from six countries, we determined the positive and negative predictive value of five plasma biomarkers for amyloid-β pathology in cognitively impaired individuals in relation to clinical pretest probability. We observed that p-tau217 could rule in amyloid-β pathology in individuals with probable AD dementia (positive predictive value above 95%). In mild cognitive impairment, p-tau217 interpretation depended on patient age. Negative p-tau217 results could rule out amyloid-β pathology in individuals with non-AD dementia syndromes (negative predictive value between 90% and 99%). Our findings provide a framework for the individual-level interpretation of plasma biomarkers, suggesting that p-tau217 combined with clinical phenotyping can identify patients where amyloid-β pathology can be ruled in or out without the need for PET or CSF confirmatory testing.
LARP1 binds ribosomes and TOP mRNAs in repressed complexes
Authors: Saba James A , Huang Zixuan , Schole Kate L , Ye Xianwen , Bhatt Shrey D , Li Yi , Timp Winston , Cheng Jingdong , Green Rachel
Published: November 2024

Terminal oligopyrimidine motif-containing mRNAs (TOPs) encode all ribosomal proteins in mammals and are regulated to tune ribosome synthesis to cell state. Previous studies have implicated LARP1 in 40S- or 80S-ribosome complexes that are thought to repress and stabilize TOPs. However, a molecular understanding of how LARP1 and TOPs interact with these ribosome complexes is lacking. Here, we show that LARP1 directly binds non-translating ribosomal subunits. Cryo-EM structures reveal a previously uncharacterized domain of LARP1 bound to and occluding the mRNA channel of the 40S subunit. Increased availability of free ribosomal subunits downstream of various stresses promote 60S joining at the same interface to form LARP1-80S complexes. Simultaneously, LARP1 engages the TOP via its previously characterized La/PAM2 and DM15 domains. Contrary to expectations, ribosome binding within these complexes is not required for LARP1-mediated TOP repression or stabilization, two canonical LARP1 functions. Together, this work provides molecular insight into how LARP1 directly binds ribosomal subunits and challenges existing models describing the function of repressed LARP1-40S/80S-TOP complexes.
Photoinitiator-free light-mediated crosslinking of dynamic polymer and pristine protein networks
Authors: Rizzo Riccardo , Barber Dylan M. , Wilt Jackson K. , Ainscough Alexander J. , Lewis Jennifer A.
Published: November 2024

This study reports a photoinitiator- and radical-free biocompatible crosslinking method based on ortho-nitrobenzyl alcohol, which provides a versatile approach to generate dynamic hydrogels and crosslink pristine proteins for biomedical applications.
Adhesive silk fibroin/magnesium composite films and their application for removable wound dressing
Authors: Chen Qiaolin , Wu Kang , Yao Jinrong , Shao Zhengzhong , Chen Xin
Published: November 2024

Silk fibroin/magnesium composite films with excellent adhesion, transparency, mechanical flexibility, considerable anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties are developed for wound dressing, which significantly accelerate wound healing in mice.
Synthesis of aryl fluorocyclopropanes from aryl fluorodiazirines and alkenes in continuous flow
Authors: To Hoang-Minh , Mirakhorli Shima , Ollevier Thierry
Published: November 2024

Photochemically induced generation of aryl fluorocarbenes from aryl fluorodiazirines and their subsequent [2+1] cycloaddition with alkenes was developed in continuous flow.
Sandwich-structured Fe3O4@C@MoSe2 architecture for efficient lithium-ion storage
Authors: Yang Linan , Zhang Chengjie , Cao Liuyang , Xu Rong , Li Hongbo , Yang Zhanjun , Li Juan
Published: November 2024

A unique sandwich-structured Fe3O4@C@MoSe2 architecture was designed, and the synergistic effect of these three components was used to achieve the high-capacity cycle stability of lithium-ion batteries at high current density.
Sustainable production of aromatic chemicals from lignin using enzymes and engineered microbes
Authors: Sodré Victoria , Bugg Timothy D. H.
Published: November 2024

This Feature article discusses the conversion of lignin into high-value chemicals using metabolic engineering.
Tuneable sulfonated hypercrosslinked polymers for selective esterification: insights into performance and stability
Authors: Schweng Paul , Guerin-Faucheur Dorian , Kleitz Freddy , Woodward Robert T.
Published: November 2024

We report sulfonated hypercrosslinked polymers (SHCPs) as heterogeneous catalysts for the selective esterification of hexanoic acid with benzyl alcohol.
Band alignment in CdS–α-Te van der Waals heterostructures for photocatalytic applications: influence of biaxial strain and electric field
Authors: Tejaswini G. , Sudheer Anjana E. , Vallinayagam M. , Posselt M. , Zschornak M. , Maniprakash S. , Murali D.
Published: November 2024

A comprehensive theoretical analysis of the structural and electronic properties of a van der Waals heterostructure composed of CdS and α-Te single layers (SLs).
Extraction mechanism of phenolic compounds by a choline chloride/glycerol solvent: DFT and molecular dynamics studies
Authors: Yi Lan , Wang Jinwen , Liu Jixing , Luo Hao , Wu Xiaoqin , Li Wen-Ying
Published: November 2024

This work presents a comprehensive and detailed study of the mechanism for extracting phenolic compounds from coal tar using a choline chloride/glycerol solvent, combining density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations.
Anti-freezing hydrogel electrolyte with a regulated hydrogen bond network enables high-rate and long cycling zinc batteries
Authors: Guo Shao-Jie , Yan Meng-Yu , Xu Dong-Ming , He Pan , Yan Kai-Jian , Zhu Jie-Xin , Yu Yong-Kun , Peng Ze-Ya , Luo Yan-Zhu , Cao Fei-Fei
Published: November 2024

1,2-Propylene glycol modulates the hydrogen bond network and solvation sheath structure of polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolytes, reducing solvent–solvent interactions, promoting uniform Zn2+ deposition, and enhancing AZIB cycling stability.
Self-assembled porous salt crystals for solar-powered crystallization
Authors: Yu Jie , Zhang Lenan , Gao Jintong , Han Wenyu , Wang Ruzhu , Xu Zhenyuan
Published: November 2024

Leveraging the self-amplifying salt creeping and efflorescence effects, the salt crystals self-assemble to form a hierarchical porous salt evaporator, enabling passive liquid supply and efficient evaporation.
High-entropy doping for high-performance zero-cobalt high-nickel layered cathode materials
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Hu Jiehui , Zhou Xia , Shang Zhen , Yang Yue , Xu Shengming
Published: November 2024

Through high entropy doping strategy, zero-cobalt high nickel cathode materials exhibit stable structure and excellent electrochemical performance during charge and discharge processes.
Influence of nickel loading on reactivity of Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles toward trichloroethene and carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Wei Caijie , Wu Weizhong , Zhao Xufei , Sun Cheng , Shi Zehan , Yang Jun , Wu Minghong
Published: November 2024

Bimetallic Ni/Fe-nanoparticles were developed to enhance the dechlorination reactivity of nano-sized zero-valent iron.
Two-sided cellular and physiological effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO): a critical review
Authors: Sun Anqi , Ma Shuoli , Wang Wen-Xiong
Published: November 2024

The balanced presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) offers essential nutritional properties, whereas an excessive amount of nZnO can trigger ecotoxicity, both at the cellular and individual levels.
Are Ni–SiC nanoparticle electroplated coatings a safer alternative to hard chromium? A comprehensive aging, toxicity, and in silico study to assess safety by design
Authors: Chakraborty Swaroop , Langford Nathan , Kohl Yvonne , Varsou Dimitra-Danai , Stokes William , Papaioannou Evangelos , Wien Sascha , Berkesi Kata , Britton Andrew , Ibrahim Bashiru , Afantitis Antreas , Zoikis Karathanasis Alexandros , Nelson Andrew , Valsami-Jones Eugenia
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the toxicological concerns associated with nickel–silicon carbide (Ni–SiC) electroplated nanocomposite coatings as an alternative to conventional chromium electrodeposition.
Top-down architecture of magnetized micro-cilia and conductive micro-domes as fully bionic electronic skin for de-coupled multidimensional tactile perception
Authors: Hu Fengming , Zhou Qian , Liu Ruolin , Zhu Yanfei , Liang Yuanzhe , Fang Dan , Ji Bing , Chen Zhiming , Luo Jianyi , Zhou Bingpu
Published: November 2024

Fully bionic E-skin based on the top-down assembled structure of a biomimetic hair–epidermis–dermis–subcutaneous tissue for multidimensional tactile perception is designed.
Key factors influencing magnetic nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy: physicochemical properties, irradiation power, and particle concentration in vitro
Authors: Fernández-Afonso Yilian , Asín Laura , Pardo Juan , Fratila Raluca M. , Veintemillas Sabino , Morales M. Puerto , Gutiérrez Lucía
Published: November 2024

The photothermal properties of a collection of magnetic nanoparticles were analyzed. One of these sets of particles was further tested in vitro triggering cell death after 10 minutes of laser exposure.
Dendritic cell activation by iron oxide nanoparticles depends on the extracellular environment
Authors: Song Mason , Ivkov Robert , Korangath Preethi
Published: November 2024

Extracellular environment dictates nanoparticle mediated activation of dendritic cells.
First investigation of high-performance FeS-based W18O49 asymmetric supercapacitors operating at 1.6 V
Authors: Riaz Junaid , Aslam Fawad , Arif Muhammad , Huma Tabasum , Bibi Amina
Published: November 2024

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of FeS–W18O49 composite electrodes, revealing their exceptional performance for supercapacitor applications.
Facile hydrothermal synthesis of VO2 nanosheets as robust catalysts for liquid-phase selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol under atmospheric O2
Authors: Wang Rui-Ming , Yang Si-Yao , Wang Fei , Xu Jie , Xue Bing
Published: November 2024

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanosheets were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal reduction of V2O5 and demonstrated good activity and stable recyclability in the liquid-phase selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol.
Preparation of a highly efficient composite adsorbent PAM–CMCNa–GO@CaCl2 hydrogel for solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting
Authors: Tao Naili , Ren Tiantian , Wang Yaoyao , Zhang Zhen , Meng Guihua , Wu Jianning , Meng Xuegang
Published: November 2024

Schematic illustration of water vapor adsorption–desorption.
Aptamer-functionalized nucleic acid nanotechnology for biosensing, bioimaging and cancer therapy
Authors: Zheng Xiaofang , Huang Zhiyong , Zhang Qiang , Li Guoli , Song Minghui , Peng Ruizi
Published: November 2024

Nucleic acids have enabled the fabrication of self-assemblies and dynamic operations.
Expression of concern: Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with versatile surface functions based on dopamine anchors
Authors: Mazur Mykola , Barras Alexandre , Kuncser Victor , Galatanu Andrei , Zaitzev Vladimir , Turcheniuk Kostiantyn V. , Woisel Patrice , Lyskawa Joel , Laure William , Siriwardena Aloysius , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: November 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with versatile surface functions based on dopamine anchors’ by Mykola Mazur et al., Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 2692–2702, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3NR33506B.
Cross-bridged cyclam derivatives with bis(phosphinate) and phosphinate–phosphonate pendant arms (cb-BPC) as chelators for copper radioisotopes
Authors: Urbanovský Peter , David Tomáš , Hlinová Veronika , Kubíček Vojtěch , Pietzsch Hans-Jürgen , Hermann Petr
Published: November 2024

Cb-cyclams with (un)symmetrical methylene-bis(phosphorus acid) pendant arms containing reactive groups for conjugations were synthesized and their radiolabelling with 64Cu proved to be very efficient even at room temperature.
One-pot hydroaminomethylation of an alkene under formation of primary amines by combining hydroformylation at elevated syngas pressure and biocatalytic transamination in water
Authors: Spang Jonas , Bork Hannah , Belov Feodor , von Langermann Jan , Vorholt Andreas J. , Gröger Harald
Published: November 2024

A one-pot chemoenzymatic synthesis of primary amines, combining rhodium-catalysed hydroformylation of styrene with enzymatic transamination in a tandem-type one-pot process, has been developed.
Metal node exchange-driven ligand-strain modulation strategy for one-dimensional crystalline coordination polymers
Authors: Wu Gengxin , Zhu Yong-Kang , Li Dongxia , Wu Jia-Rui , Wang Yan , Zhang Zhiquan , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: November 2024

A ligand-strain modulation strategy is used to control the conformation of coordination polymers, leading to curved to linear changes in ligand conformation. The metal polarization difference plays a key role in the metal node exchange reactions.
The use of single-metal atom-based photocatalysts for the production of ammonia through photocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yu Yongchong , Tuerhong Reyila , Du Xinyu , Chai Keyi , Su Xiaoping , Su Qing , Meng Shujuan , Han Lijuan
Published: November 2024

This review summarizes the latest advances in SMACs.
Cs2ZnCl4: a lead-free all-inorganic perovskite with a large dielectric permittivity
Authors: Romdhane Imen , Ajmi Asma , Ben Bechir Mohamed , Barille Regis , Ben Rhaiem Abdallah
Published: November 2024

In recent years, inorganic perovskite materials based on metallic halides have attracted significant attention due to their non-toxicity and ease of synthesis, making them suitable for various applications.
Investigation of variable range hopping and dielectric relaxation in GdCrO3 orthochromite perovskites
Authors: Gneber Mohamed Youssef , Elhamdi Imen , Messoudi Jalel , Dhahri Radhia , Sahnoune Foudil , Jemmali Mosbah , Hussein Magdy , Dhahri Essebti , Faria Oliveira Costa Benilde
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of GdCrO3 (GCO) compounds. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of the perovskite phase of GCO, crystallizing with the Pbnm space group.
Improving the catalytic performance of Co/BaCeO3 catalyst for ammonia synthesis by Y-modification of the perovskite-type support
Authors: Zybert Magdalena , Ronduda Hubert , Patkowski Wojciech , Ostrowski Andrzej , Sobczak Kamil , Raróg-Pilecka Wioletta
Published: November 2024

The beneficial effect of Y3+ ions incorporated into BaCeO3 support structure stems from the strengthening of the electron-donating ability, i.e., better charge transfer from the support to the active metal, enhancing N2 dissociation.
Advancements in green diesel production for energy sustainability: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Pratama Jeesica Hermayanti , Rahmawati Zeni , Widyanto Alvin Rahmad , Gunawan Triyanda , Wan Abdullah Wan Nazwanie , Azua Jamari Nor Laili , Hamzah Afan , Fansuri Hamzah
Published: November 2024

This bibliometric analysis explores recent advancements in green diesel production, emphasizing its potential for enhancing energy sustainability and contributing to the 2050 net-zero emissions goal.
Computational discovery of two-dimensional tetragonal group IV–V monolayers
Authors: Lin Qiubao , Huang Jungang , Fang Yimei , Zheng Feng , Chen Kaixuan , Wu Shunqing , Zhu Zi-Zhong
Published: November 2024

Structural prediction of a stable tetragonal Td4 phase of 2D group IV–V monolayers.
Synthesis of green fluorescent carbon dots and their application in mercury ion detection
Authors: Hou Juan , Chen Qinqin , Meng Xiangzhi , Liu Huiling , Feng Wei
Published: November 2024

Green fluorescent carbon dots were prepared for effective detection of Hg2+ ions through fluorescence quenching, demonstrating high sensitivity and selectivity.
Self-regulated learning strategies for success in an online first-year chemistry course
Authors: Rakhunwana Langanani , Kritzinger Angelique , Pilcher Lynne A.
Published: November 2024

During their first year of study at university, many students encounter challenges in developing learning strategies that align with success in the courses in which they are enrolled. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic heightened the challenges as universities were compelled to transition to online learning. Therefore, this study investigated the self-reported use of learning strategies in a first-year chemistry course delivered online due to the COVID-19 pandemic to identify learning strategies associated with success. Grounded in self-regulated learning (SRL) theory, a case study approach with an explanatory mixed methods design was adopted. Quantitative data were collected using a hybrid of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire and the Online Self-regulated Learning Questionnaire. Follow-up open-ended questions were emailed to the students for the qualitative part of the study. Statistical analysis of the quantitative data was performed using SPSS and RUMM2030, while thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. Students reported more frequent use of SRL strategies of environment structuring, effort regulation, and elaboration. Conversely, critical thinking, task strategies, help-seeking, and peer learning were reportedly used less often. SRL strategies linked with success in the course were identified as effort regulation, goal setting, and time management. The findings from the qualitative data revealed an impact of online learning due to the pandemic on the use of peer learning and help-seeking strategies. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for educational practices, particularly in the context of hybrid learning in the post-pandemic era.
Triple-function porphyrin in glycopolymeric photosensitizers: from photoATRP to targeted PDT
Authors: Lin Jiahui , Ma Zhiyuan , Zuo Weiwei , Zhu Meifang
Published: November 2024

ZnTPPC6Br was synthesized as a photocatalyst and initiator for photoATRP, yielding fructose-based glycopolymeric photosensitizers for targeted PDT, which showed enhanced efficacy against MCF-7 cells for targeted cancer treatment.
Correction: modulation of the binding sites for an adaptable DNA interactive probe: efficient chromo-fluorogenic recognition of Al3+ and live cell bioimaging
Authors: Maji Atanu , Mitra Debarpan , Biswas Amitav , Ghosh Moumita , Naskar Rahul , Gharami Saswati , Murmu Nabendu , Mondal Tapan K.
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Modulation of the binding sites for an adaptable DNA interactive probe: efficient chromo-fluorogenic recognition of Al3+ and live cell bioimaging’ by Atanu Maji et al., Sens. Diagn., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SD00242C
Hierarchical ZSM-5 nanosheets for production of light olefins and aromatics by catalytic cracking of oleic acid
Authors: Liu Haoyu , Luo Wenbo , Wang Ke , Wang Yanlin , Yuan Hong
Published: November 2024

The bolaform surfactant C6H13-N+(CH3)2-C6H12-N+(CH3)2-C6H12-O-C6H4-C6H4-O-C6H12-N+(CH3)2-C6H12-N+(CH3)2-C6H13 (BCPH-6-6-6) was synthesized and used to guide the synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-5 nanosheets (HZN) for use as zeolite catalysts.