bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of Tactile Diagrams for Blind Biology Students
Authors: Hinton R.A.L. , Ayres D.G.
Published: March 2020

This article reports on the research and curriculum development work on biological diagrams of the Tactile Diagrams Research Project at the Loughborough University of Technology, and describes significant construction approaches adopted, and the method and results of classroom evaluation.
Teaching a Severely Handicapped Deaf-Blind Young Woman to Prepare Breakfast Foods
Authors: Taylor R.G.
Published: March 2020

A severely handicapped deaf-blind young woman was taught to prepare three breakfast foods—cereal, chocolate milk, and juice—with an instructional package that consisted of tactile recipe cards, a positional tray, and systematic prompting. A multiple-probe design across the breakfast foods was used to demonstrate experimental control in her acquisition and generalization of the skills of matching the tactile recipe cards to the corresponding items of food, taking food items from the positional tray in a left-to-right sequence, and preparing the breakfast foods. The results indicated faster acquisition of the skills with each successive breakfast food introduced and generalization across a second staff member for a period of 15 consecutive maintenance training sessions.
“I Don't See it so it Must be to my Left:” Rehabilitation of Visuospatially Impaired Adults
Authors: Wouters B.
Published: March 2020

Patients who are visually impaired because of brain damage often show a visuospatial syndrome characterized by disturbances of spatial orientation and determined behavior. The lesion may be located in the frontal cortex or in the right parietal cortex of the brain; recent research shows that the determination of spatial behavior is impaired. Emphasis in the rehabilitation of these patients should be shifted from perceptual to performance orientation. It is essential for the individual to gain insight into his or her specific impairment and for the professional to work cooperatively using the patient's own strategies.
A Psychological Approach to Attitudes toward Blind Persons
Authors: Vickers R.
Published: March 2020

In a paper prepared for presentation at Goldwater Memorial Hospital in the spring of 1986, the author discusses vision loss in elderly patients. The paper further addresses the effects of stereotyping on treatment for elderly visually impaired persons and stresses self-esteem and responsibility as two integral factors in the emotional and physical well-being of the elderly patient.
Adaptive Uses of Microcomputers: A Case Study
Authors: St. Pé O.W. , Darby C.W.
Published: March 2020

The University of New Orleans has begun a program to teach microcomputers to blind and visually impaired persons. Twenty-three have been served so far. A software solution was chosen, rather than the use of dedicated equipment, to increase the ability of the students to find jobs in the sighted workplace. This paper focuses on the implementation of the program and the results of the first two sessions.
Older Blind Persons: Services through Legislation and Agency Cooperation
Authors: Silverston D. , Hilton J. Casablanca , Plunkett G.
Published: March 2020

This paper reports on a four-state study, conducted by the American Foundation for the Blind, of state and federal legislation applying to services for elderly blind and visually impaired persons and a summary of 25 grants given to the states under Title VII-Part of the Rehabilitation Act. The study explored the existing legislation, agencies providing services through these acts, and recommendations for filling the gaps. A most important finding was possible enhancement of service to the target group through use of Independent Living Grants (Title VII-Part C) and networking with aging agencies to fully utilize the benefits of the Older Americans Act and all legislation affecting older people.
Funding Sources for Visually Impaired Students in Higher Education
Authors: Traber M.
Published: March 2020

Update of a summary of financial aid programs available from national blindness agencies, state vocational rehabilitation agencies, and the federal government. Application procedures and contact addresses are listed.
The Ability of Visually Impaired Children to Read Expressions and Recognize Faces
Authors: Ellis H.D. , Young A.W. , Markham R.
Published: March 2020

A pilot experiment is reported in which visually impaired children's ability: 1) to recognize faces; and 2) to identify expressions was each compared with sighted children's performances. The visually impaired sample was found to be relatively impaired in recognition but performance on the expressions test was found to be normal.
Overcoming Current Obstacles to Our Hopes for the Future—Lessons from Our Pioneer Ancestors
Authors: Bina M.J.
Published: March 2020

Society seems to be preoccupied with trying to predict the future, but pays less attention to solving existing problems. This article identifies current problems in the field of blindness and in society in general that act as barriers to improved and expanded services and opportunities for blind and visually impaired people and their families. The author asserts that the field would benefit from looking at the country's pioneer ancestors to solve current problems and that the attitudes of the general population are the new frontier on which the field should focus.
Spatial Relations in Congenitally Blind Infants: A Study
Authors: Nielsen L.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study presented in this article was to determine whether a specially designed environment called the “Little Room” could give congenitally blind infants an early basis for developing an awareness of spatial relations. It was found that blindness is no impediment to the early development of this awareness as long as blind infants are given an environment that enables them to achieve a preunderstanding of the concept and permanence of objects and an awareness that they can produce object-based sounds.
A Cognitive Approach to Reducing Stereotypic Head Rocking
Authors: Ross D.B. , Koenig A.J.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to introduce a cognitive, nonintrusive method of controlling head-rocking behavior in an 11-year-old blind subject in an integrated placement. The intervention involved having the subject place his hand on his cheek or chin when prompted that he was rocking his head. A multiple-baseline design across four settings, both instructional and social, was employed to evaluate the effects of the procedure. The subject demonstrated significant decreases in head rocking during intervention, as well as generalization during follow-up, when no intervention was employed.
Efficacy of Low Vision Services for Visually Impaired Children
Authors: Hofstetter H.W.
Published: March 2020

Though it is known that visually impaired children can be helped by low vision aids, little research has been done on the use of such aids by children. In this study of 137 children, subjects were screened for visual capacity. Where appropriate, recommendations were made that they be examined further, in most cases by low vision specialists and in others by general optometrists. Follow-up was made on many of the children who received aids as a result of these examinations to determine whether the aids were being used effectively.
Prediction of Low Vision Aid Usage
Authors: Eaglstein A. , Rapaport S.
Published: March 2020

Enhanced understanding of successful adjustment to low vision aids can be attained by separately analyzing each kind of aid. This was done with data derived from 458 clients who received services in 1987 from the Low Vision Clinic, Migdal Or, Haifa, Israel. Eleven kinds of visual aids were evaluated via a series of independent regression equations, each of which included seven independent variables: age, sex, work status, participation in a rehabilitation program, academic status, total number of visual aids in use, and total number of diagnosed eye diseases. Results indicated extreme variation in the predictive abilities of the models.
Determining the Reading Medium for Visually Impaired Students via Diagnostic Teaching
Authors: Koenig A.J. , Holbrook M.C.
Published: March 2020

To gather information on the reading medium of students with visual impairments, a systematic process is required. This article presents information on the application of a diagnostic teaching approach for determining the reading medium and for the ongoing evaluation of the initial decision. Checklists are included that will help in the collection of data to be considered by the multidisciplinary team, and two case studies are discussed to illustrate their appropriate use.
Preschool Visually Impaired Children: A Demographic Study
Authors: Bishop V.E.
Published: March 2020

Intervention services for preschool visually impaired children are known to be critical, but identification and referral must occur before services can be provided. With the passage of P.L. 99-457, services are now mandatory for handicapped children from birth. This study examined a number of demographic factors related to the population of handicapped preschoolers who are visually impaired. Among the data collected were the number of children, their visual diagnoses, the source of referral, the types of services provided, the certification of teachers, and how P.L. 99-457 is perceived to be related to visually impaired infants and young children.
The Connecticut Precane
Authors: Foy C.J. , Kirchner D. , Waple L.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the development of the Connecticut Precane and its adaptation from a hula hoop. The Connecticut Precane is easy for young blind children to use, is easy and inexpensive to make, and may be customized to the appropriate length.
A Decade of Joint Action: The Success of a Model Coalition in California
Authors: Pogrund R. , Ryan F. , Starleaf-Tayek L.
Published: March 2020

The Joint Action Committee of Organizations Of and Serving the Visually Handicapped (JAC) is a coalition of 24 California organizations for consumers, parents, and professionals, agencies, and distributors of products. This article highlights JAC's accomplishments in the past 10 years and describes the mechanics of organizing, operating, and maintaining such a coalition, which could be replicated in other states.
Making Information Accessible to Blind and Visually Impaired Mainstreamed Students
Authors: Jackson D.B. , Busset P.
Published: March 2020

Nassau BOCES Program for the Vision Impaired, Wantagh, New York, has sponsored, developed, and implemented a pilot telecommunications project for blind and visually impaired students in public school districts. This article presents an overview of the project, describing its objectives, components of the system, participants, and prerequisite and integrated skills.
A Computerized System for Workplace Design for Visually Impaired Workers
Authors: Chen J-G , Hou C-A
Published: March 2020

This article presents an integrated computerized system, entitled VITAL (Vision Impaired Task and Assignment Lexicon), to perform workplace design tasks for visually impaired workers. VITAL consists of three modules: ergonomics consultation, disability index, and work measurement. Evaluation of the system's performance indicated that VITAL could be used as a tool to help nonprofessional vocational rehabilitators perform workplace design tasks.
Active Exploration of the Environment by Young Children with Low Vision: A Review of the Literature
Authors: O'Donnell L.M. , Livingston R.L.
Published: March 2020

Young children with low vision experience delays in cognitive development, motor development, and social skills because of the lack of motivation or insufficient opportunities to explore their environments actively. As a result, they have difficulty acquiring practical knowledge and spatial and environmental concepts. This review of the literature explores these problems, discusses current approaches to addressing them, and suggests areas for future research, including the use of optical aids.
The Relationship between Aerobic Capacity and Physical Activity in Blind and Sighted Adolescents
Authors: Kobberling G. , Jankowski L.W. , Léger L.
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the relationship between habitual physical activity and aerobic capacity in blind and sighted adolescents. It found that both habitual physical activity and maximal oxygen consumption were significantly higher among the sighted adolescents. The results indicate that both blind and sighted adolescents require a minimum of 30 minutes of daily activity at a minimal oxygen consumption of 8 METs to attain and maintain their age-predicted normal aerobic capacity. This information may be used to plan appropriate exercise programs for visually impaired children and adolescents.
Brazil: Observation Lunettes
Authors: Veitzman S. , Oga E.
Published: March 2020

This section reports on the development of low vision services internationally.
Forced-Choice Preferential Looking and Visual Evoked Potential Acuities of Visually Impaired Children
Authors: Bane M.C. , Birch E.E.
Published: March 2020

In the authors’ previous study, the success rate for forced-choice preferential looking (FPL) with preverbal visually impaired children was higher than that with pattern visual evoked potential (VEP). The current study sought to increase the VEP success rate and to improve agreement between the FPL and the VEP acuity estimates using horizontal-bar stimuli for children with nystagmus and steady-state presentation for those without nystagmus.
Predicting Successful Low Vision Rehabilitation with Telescopic Spectacles
Authors: Porter F.I. , White J.M. , Goldberg J. , Demer J.L. , Koval A.
Published: March 2020

Although telescopic spectacles magnify the retinal image and should improve functional vision, many low vision patients are unable to use them. The authors found that involuntary head movements and the reduction of acuity with imposed head motion differentiated successful from unsuccessful telescope users and that success was related to the age at which telescopes were first used.
Low Vision Mobility Problems: Perceptions of O&M Specialists and Persons with Low Vision
Authors: Smith A.J. , De l'Aune W. , Geruschat D.R.
Published: March 2020

Through national survey research, this study explored low vision mobility problems, including the effects of different lighting conditions and the relationship between the reported perceptions of mobility practitioners and persons with low vision.
Intelligence Profiles of Low Vision and Blind Children
Authors: Groenveld M. , Jan J.E.
Published: March 2020

This article reports on an analysis of the WISC-R and WPPSI profiles of 118 visually impaired children without additional neurological problems. A consistent response pattern on the Wechsler batteries emerged, suggesting that the verbal as well as the performance tests can provide useful assessment information.
Psychological Strategies for Assisting Older Adults who are Partially Sighted
Authors: Thompson P. , Goldhaber J. , Amaral P. , Ringering L.
Published: March 2020

Psychological barriers may interfere with the rehabilitation of older adults who are partially sighted. This article explores four common barriers. It examines possible contributory psychological factors and successful therapeutic approaches that a variety of rehabilitation workers can use with their clients.
On the Stability of Stereotyped Behaviors in Blind Infants and Preschoolers
Authors: Brambring M. , Tröster H.
Published: March 2020

Parents of blind and partially sighted infants and preschoolers were surveyed at two points in time to determine the frequency of occurrence and stability of the children's stereotyped behaviors and the conditions that elicited the behaviors. The stereotyped behaviors that are frequently observed in blind children proved to be stable, while less frequently observed stereotyped behaviors generally remained in the children's repertoire only for a short time. The age of the child and the frequency of the occurrence of stereotyped behaviors proved to be relevant criteria for predicting whether stereotyped behaviors would stabilize.
The Connecticut Pre-cane: Case Study and Curriculum
Authors: Foy C.J. , Von Scheden M. , Waiculonis J.
Published: March 2020

This article includes a brief description of the history and physical characteristics of the Connecticut Pre-cane, a case study that illustrates its typical uses, and step-by-step lessons that mobility instructors can follow to introduce their students to the device.
A Framework for Understanding the Literacy of Individuals with Visual Impairments
Authors: Koenig A.J.
Published: March 2020

This article presents a framework that explores four facets of literacy that are considered essential for understanding the literacy of individuals with visual impairments. Definitions of two levels of literacy—basic and functional—are proposed, along with a challenge to the field to resolve issues related to literacy of individuals with visual impairments.
Visual Therapy: A Theoretically Based Intervention Program
Authors: Blanksby D.C.
Published: March 2020

This article offers a model of visual functioning aimed at furthering understanding of the visual process. At each stage practical implications are discussed and intervention strategies for use with visually unresponsive or inattentive infants and children are offered.
Defense Mechanisms of Elderly Persons before and after a Cataract Operation
Authors: Fagerström R.
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the defense mechanisms of 100 elderly persons before and after their cataract operations. Before the operations, the stress caused by poor vision caused the subjects to react primarily with suppression, regression, and denial. After vision was restored by the operation, the most common defense mechanisms were suppression, intellectualization, isolation, humor, and rationalization.
Positive Behavioral Support: New Foci in the Management of Challenging Behaviors
Authors: Sisson L.A.
Published: March 2020

Individuals with visual impairments and multiple disabilities often exhibit severe problem behaviors that interfere with their acquisition of skills, limit access to integrated community settings, and cause harm to themselves or others. This article describes a new approach to behavioral control that uses positive intervention strategies, bases treatment on functional assessments of challenging responses, and emphasizes broad changes in the life-styles of individuals.
Family Environment and Psychological Distress in Persons who are Visually Impaired
Authors: Jackson R. , Lawson G.
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the relationship between perceived family environment and psychological distress in 76 persons who are visually impaired, aged 18 to 94, who had undergone at least four months of rehabilitation classes. The results indicated that family environmental traits strongly influenced these persons’ adjustment to vision loss.
Interactions of Communication Partners and Students who are Deaf-Blind: A Model
Authors: Heller K. Wolff , Alberto P.A. , Bowdin J.
Published: March 2020

This article examines various forms of communication systems for their “partner friendliness” and presents a model of different types of communication partners and their communication needs. Case samples illustrate how the forms of communication of two students who are deaf-blind were expanded to promote greater communication with a variety of partners in different settings.
Safety Awareness for Crossing Streets with No Traffic Control
Authors: Sauerburger D.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the author's experiences teaching clients to be aware of their safety for crossing streets that do not have traffic lights or stop signs using two methods she developed for assessing their ability to recognize when it is safe to cross.
The Use of Language in Simple Classification Tasks by Children who are Blind
Authors: Dimcovic N. , Tobin M.J.
Published: March 2020

Two groups of classification tasks, verbal and figurative, were presented to 30 blind children and 30 sighted children aged 6–11. Although the younger blind children were significantly less efficient on both groups of tasks and on the vocabulary test, those who were age 11 had reached or were close to the level of the sighted children. The analysis illustrates how the blind children adjusted their conceptual knowledge to their lexicon, or vice versa (borrowing some linguistic patterns from the experimenter, if necessary).
Treatment‐Related Changes in Heart Rate Variability in Children with Sleep Apnea
Authors: Isaiah Amal , Bertoni Dylan , Pereira Kevin D. , Diaz‐Abad Montserrat , Mitchell Ron B. , Das Gautam
Published: March 2020

Objective

Heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive indicator of autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm, may represent the physiologic burden of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that the treatment‐related effects of OSA on HRV in children are causally attributable to the improvement in OSA severity.

Study Design

Secondary analysis of outcomes from the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT).

Setting

Analysis of database.

Subjects and Methods

Time‐ and frequency‐domain HRV parameters along with polysomnographic (PSG) and demographic variables were obtained from the CHAT study, which compared early adenotonsillectomy (eAT) to watchful waiting (WW) in children with OSA. The relative contributions of PSG variables and covariates to each HRV parameter were quantified. The proportion of changes in HRV parameters causally attributable to changes in OSA severity, measured by the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI), was estimated.

Results

In total, 404 children aged 5 to 10 years were included. The median (interquartile range) age was 6 (3‐9) years. The median body mass index percentile was 82 (53), 195 (48%) children were male, and 147 (36%) were African American. The average heart rate during PSG was the strongest independent predictor of each HRV parameter (P <. 001). Although eAT resulted in statistically significant changes in the majority of HRV parameters, these effects were not causally attributable to treatment‐related changes in AHI or ODI.

Conclusions

The average heart rate strongly modulates HRV in children with OSA. Although eAT results in discernible changes in HRV, it appears to not be causally attributable to specific treatment‐related changes in AHI or ODI.
Tonsillectomy Outcomes among Children with Mental Health Disorders in the United States
Authors: Kou Yann‐Fuu , Wang Cynthia , Shah Gopi B. , Mitchell Ron B. , Johnson Romaine F.
Published: March 2020

Objectives

Recent evidence suggests that children with mental health disorders are more likely to have postoperative complications. Our aim was to determine if mental health disorders affect postoperative complications after tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy (T&A).

Setting

Cross‐sectional analysis of national databases.

Subjects and Methods

The 2006 to 2016 Kids Inpatient Database and the 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database were used to identify children (age <21 years) who underwent T&A. We compared children with mental health disorders (eg, autism, developmental delays, or mood disorders) to those without a mental health disorder. We contrasted gender, race, length of stay, complications, and 30‐day readmissions.

Results

We estimated that 37,386 children underwent T&A, and there were 2138 (5.7%) diagnosed with a mental health disorder. Children with mental health disorders were older (6.0 vs 5.3 years, P <. 001), more commonly males (64% vs 58%, P <. 001), had a longer length of stay (3.4 days vs 2.3 days, P <. 001), and had higher total charges even after controlling for length of stay ($19,000 vs $14,000, P <. 001). Children with a mental health disorder were more likely to have a complication (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 3.4; P <. 001) including intubation, mechanical ventilation, or both (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 2.6 to 3.8; P <. 001). The 30‐day all‐cause readmission rate was higher (12% vs 4.0%, P <. 001).

Conclusion

Children with mental health disorders, especially development delays, have more frequent complications, longer lengths of stay, and readmissions than children without mental health disorders. This information should be included in preoperative counseling.
Socioeconomic inequality undermines relationship quality in romantic relationships
Authors: Cho Minha , Impett Emily A. , Campos Belinda , Chen Serena , Keltner Dacher
Published: March 2020

The present research tests how socioeconomic inequality (within romantic relationships) predicts relationship quality and observable expressions of emotion—examining longitudinal self-report and behavioral data from both partners of romantic couples. In Part 1, we examined the romantic partners’ self-reports of relationship quality at baseline and after three and a half months. In keeping with prior research on how power inequality undermines relationship satisfaction, couples defined by greater socioeconomic inequality showed a decline in relationship quality over time. In Part 2, we examined observer ratings of emotional expressions in the romantic partners’ conversations in the laboratory. Here, we found greater expression of negative emotion in the conversations of couples defined by greater inequality. Importantly, it was inequality itself—rather than whether one has higher or lower socioeconomic status than the partner—that significantly predicted changes in relationship quality and observable expressions of negative emotion. These findings have implications for how deepening economic inequality may manifest in the weakening of intimate bonds—the quality of which is central to the well-being of individuals and broader society.
Synthesis and gas transport properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone) membranes containing pendant sulfonic acid groups
Authors: Ren Liexiang
Published: March 2020

A series of gas separation membranes based on sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone)s (SPEESs) can be synthesized by the polycondensation and sulfonation reactions. The structural characteristics of copolymers were confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. The permeability and selectivity behavior of these membranes were investigated using three single-gases (CO2, O2, and N2) at different temperatures of 25–55°C and pressures of 1.0–3.0 atm. The effect of sulfonation degree (SD), operating temperature, and pressure on gas permeability was explored and discussed. The results showed that SPEESs containing pendant sulfonic acid groups exhibited different separation performance. In particular, the SPEES-4 membrane with an SD of 67% exhibited the highest permeability (CO2 = 513.8 Barrer and O2 = 78.19 Barrer) at 55°C and 1 atm, whereas CO2/N2 and O2/N2 selectivity was 31.09 and 4.73, respectively.
Evaluation of eTail Services Quality: AHP Approach
Authors: Jhaveri Chetan A. , Nenavani Jitendra M.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research study is to create comparative evaluation model to compare eTail firms across several eTail service quality dimensions. This research paper employs Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for analysing decision problem into several stages which include objective, criteria and the alternatives to evaluate eTail service organizations. Non-probabilistic method of sampling was used to collect the responses. This study validated the formal e-Tailing quality scale eTailQ, with an alteration which resulted into its suitability in the Indian context. After validating the scale, four variables were taken for pair-wise comparison, namely website design, fulfilment/ reliability, security/ privacy and customer services. Results of this study imparts a better understanding of consumer preferences among different eTail service quality dimensions. This research would be helpful to practitioners in eTail industry to measure the quality of their services in comparison to their competitors. Since many eTail organizations have attained scale and volumes but are struggling to reach at sustainable stage, this research may be helpful to bring those organizations at sustainability by knowing which factor should be given more focus. The analysis of best alternative with given criteria by deploying AHP technique is first-ever done on e-Tail scale in India.
An Examination of the Reliability and Validity of the Comprehensive Assessment of Traits Relevant to Personality Disorder–Static Form (CAT-PD-SF)
Authors: Long Tessa A. , Reinhard Ellen , Sellbom Martin , Anderson Jaime L.
Published: March 2020

The current study examined the reliability and validity of the Comprehensive Assessment of Traits Relevant to Personality Disorder–Static Form (CAT-PD-SF), a dimensional measure of personality psychopathology. Specifically, we used exploratory factor analysis to determine the best higher order structure for the CAT-PD-SF traits. Results suggested a five-factor structure, albeit with marginal model fit. Second, we used correlation analyses to compare the CAT-PD-SF with two additional dimensional measures of personality, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form and the Five-Factor Model Rating Form. The results demonstrated the CAT-PD-SF scale scores were associated with domain and facet scores from these two models in a conceptually expected manner. Finally, we explored the association between the CAT-PD-SF scores and functional impairment and found moderate associations between CAT-PD-SF trait and functional impairment scores (as measured by the Measure of Disordered Personality Functioning Scale). Overall, findings add support to the structure of the CAT-PD model, and the use of the CAT-PD-SF in measuring dimensional personality psychopathology and impairment.
Managing chemotherapy-related toxicities in the community setting: A survey of pharmacists in Ontario
Authors: Vu Kathy , Pardhan Aliya , Lakhani Nita , Metcalfe Stephanie , Mozuraitis Mindaugas , Krzyzanowska Monika
Published: March 2020

Background

Toxicity management is a challenge with cancer treatment, including oral anticancer drugs. A review of claims data showed that a majority of publically funded oral anticancer drugs were filled in the community where pharmacists may not necessarily possess the specialized knowledge, skills, and experience required to provide effective patient care. A survey of community pharmacists in Ontario was conducted to identify the behaviours and preferences of community pharmacists specific to the management of treatment-related toxicities in order to standardize cancer care in this area.

Methods

An electronic questionnaire was distributed to approximately 5000 community pharmacists. The 21-question survey gathered information on the demographic profile of the pharmacists, basic geographic and socioeconomic variables associated with their practice setting, current toxicity management practices, education and training needs, and preferences for communicating with other providers.

Results

Of 349 pharmacists, almost all (94.9%) were interested in managing chemotherapy-related toxicities as part of their work, but the majority (77.1%) did not feel that their current level of pharmacy training has provided them with an oncology education sufficient for the demands of their practice. Approximately 52% of respondents indicated that they have reached out to the health care provider at a cancer centre, and of those, 72.7% reported that their questions were resolved within 48 h. More than half of all survey respondents (53.9%) indicated that they would prefer to receive a response within 12 h from cancer centres.

Conclusions

The results of this study support the need to provide community pharmacists with oncology-specific training and timely correspondences from providers at prescribing institutions in order to manage toxicities.
Service Innovation: A New Conceptualization and Path Forward
Authors: Gustafsson Anders , Snyder Hannah , Witell Lars
Published: March 2020

Service innovations challenge existing offerings and business models, shape existing markets, and create new ones. Over the last decade, service research has shown increasing interest in the concept of innovation and should by now have reached maturity and created a strong theoretical basis. However, there is no coherent theoretical framework that captures all the facets of service innovation, and to move service innovation research forward, we must revisit the key assumptions of what an innovation is. To enable this, the present article addresses three fundamental questions about service innovation: (1) What is it and what is it not? (2) What do we know and what do we not know? and (3) What do we need to know to advance service research? By doing so, this article offers an updated and comprehensive definition of service innovation and provides a research agenda to suggest a path forward.
Identificational Assimilation Patterns in Young First, Second, 2.5 and Third-generation Migrants
Authors: Verhaeghe Floor , Bradt Lieve , Van Houtte Mieke , Derluyn Ilse
Published: March 2020

Classical assimilation theory states that migrants’ identification with a receiving country strengthens over generations, whilst identification with the home country weakens. A Flemish survey of first (G1), second (G2), 2.5 (G2.5) and third (G3) generation immigrant youths ( n = 1,587) reveals that the findings for adolescents with a background in the oldest 15 member states of the European Union (EU15) seem to align with classical assimilation theory. In the non-EU15 group, those of G2 and G2.5 show the strongest identification with both countries. The Belgian context also prompted an investigation of the identification with Flanders, which proved to be even more exclusionary than Belgian national identification. Last, the young people’s identification with their city of residence was not as strong as expected from the literature, probably because it was the neighbourhood, rather than the city as a whole, that mattered to them. At the least, nuancing the classical assimilation theory is thus necessary.
Enacting emotional labour in consultancy work: Playing with liminality and navigating power dynamics
Authors: Iszatt-White Marian , Lenney Peter
Published: March 2020

While theoretical understanding of professional emotional labour has developed in recent years, methodological issues with capturing its practice mean that understanding of how professional emotional labour is enacted remains relatively limited. The current study utilises memory work to surface potentially unacknowledged meanings associated with the remembered performance of professional emotional labour as a proxy for the psychological access required to demonstrate dissonance between felt and displayed emotions. The article uses an emotionally charged feedback meeting between a management consultant and their client as an opportune context for surfacing the enactment of professional emotional labour. The combined memory work data – consisting of original meeting recordings and a parallel commentary developed in discussion with the consultant – are analysed through a Goffmanian lens in order to theorise role positioning as a tool of enacting professional emotional labour. A model is proposed that maps the roles adopted against the dimensions of playing with liminality and navigating power dynamics. We suggest the potential transferability of these findings to other situations of liminality and their relevance for management learning interventions.
In hotel REITs, are institutional investors beneficial for firm value?
Authors: Paek Soyon , Kim Jin-Young , Mun Sung Gyun , Jun Chulhee
Published: March 2020

Motivated by growing attention to the agency problems of institutional investors, along with recent changes that have identified real estate investment trusts (REITs) as a separate industry segment, this study investigates the impacts of institutional ownership on the firm value of hotel REITs. Hotel REITs provide unique regulatory and operational settings in which it is appropriate to investigate the potential adverse consequences of institutional investments on firm value. This study performs additional analyses using non-REIT hotel corporations (hotel C-corporations) for comparison. After testing pooled ordinary least squares, fixed and random effects, and two-stage least squares in quadratic models, the results of the random effects models are found to be valid and are thus adopted to examine the hypothesized relationship. The analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between institutional ownership and firm value (as measured using Tobin’s q) but a dominantly negative relationship in the majority of observations, whereas no significant relationship is found for hotel C-corporations.
Charlie Hebdo as a critical event in a secondary school: Muslim students’ complex positioning in relation to the attack
Authors: Tize Carola , Berckmoes Lidewyde , de Jong Joop , Reis Ria
Published: March 2020

This paper examines responses to the 2015 terror attack on Charlie Hebdo, a French satirical magazine, amongst students in a secondary school in Berlin-Neukölln, Germany. The Charlie Hebdo attack occurred in the final weeks of a 19-month ethnographic study in the community. By analyzing the responses in the school to this critical event, we identify what is at stake for Muslim students. Students presented many explanations for why the attack happened, and opinions on whether the attackers’ actions were justified. Staff were alarmed about students’ viewpoints that they considered “extreme”. These dynamics resulted in conflicts and misunderstandings amongst students, and between students and staff. Yet, we show that, rather than the violence itself, or questions about its legitimacy, it was everyday processes in students’ lives – e.g., bullying, peer pressure and discrimination, and feelings of being misrepresented and misunderstood – that were central to students’ reactions to the event. We suggest that to understand students’ reactions, both the immediate and the broader socio-political contexts must be considered, particularly rising xenophobia and processes of polarization in Germany and Europe at large. We thus conclude that to understand young people’s reactions to terrorist acts, we need to look beyond initial statements and explore ethnographically how wider contexts shape the actions, reactions, and future orientations of young Muslims in Europe.
An emergent algorithmic culture: The data-ization of online fandom in China
Authors: Yin Yiyi
Published: March 2020

The digitalization of fandom and fan culture has become significant topic in recent studies, yet there is a lack of examination of the nuance between specific fan performance and the affordance, infrastructure and architecture that constitute it as it is today. In this article, I examine how digital fandom involves the platform algorithm and the logic of data contribution, affectively engaging fans to participate in increased data labour. Depicting online fandom on Weibo, a massive Chinese social media platform, I portray the data-ization of online fandom in China, arguing that the traffic data has been dematerialized as new affective object in fan–object relations, while digital fan culture has been constructed into a type of algorithmic culture.
Human Face Tilt Is a Dynamic Social Signal That Affects Perceptions of Dimorphism, Attractiveness, and Dominance
Authors: Marshall Peter , Bartolacci Amy , Burke Darren
Published: March 2020

Previous research has shown that manipulating the pitch of a face (tilting the face upward or downward) affects the perceived femininity, masculinity, attractiveness, and dominance of the given face. However, previous research has not considered the influence of direct eye gaze on dominance perceptions or the ambiguity surrounding the proposed social signals sent from a static face. The current research used 94 participants across two studies (women = 63%, age: M = 31). Stimuli varied in head pitch angle, eye gaze, and motion/static appearance. Participants rated the stimuli for levels of masculinity, femininity, attractiveness, and dominance. Both studies confirmed that pitching the face upward at incrementally increasing angles resulted in a linear increase in ratings of masculinity, physical dominance, and social dominance and a linear decrease in ratings of femininity, physical attractiveness, and behavioral allure. Study 2 showed that these effects can be dependent on either the perceived structural change of the face or the actual movement of the face, and these are different for each rating category. The perceived dimorphism, attractiveness, and dominance of a face will change dependent on the angle of pitch it is presented but also whether it is moving or not, where it is moving in space, and what direction it is moving.
Globalizing HRD Academic Practice: Developing a Global Mindset for Teaching and Research
Authors: Cseh Maria , Crocco Oliver S.
Published: March 2020

The Problem

As a result of the domination of U.S.- and U.K.-centric approaches to human resource development (HRD), current academic practices often reside in ethnocentric content-related silos, which include certain theoretical frameworks, models, mindsets, and ways of conceptualizing. Given the exponential increase in globalization and the complex global issues facing the field of HRD, these teaching and research practices as well as the limited HRD global and transdisciplinary networks cannot offer the needed solutions to the problems faced by professionals around the world in their workplaces, communities, and societies.

The Solution

To understand this problem empirically and recommend solutions based on our findings, we reviewed journal articles published in the last year in our four Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD)-sponsored journals and HRD programs of universities that are members of AHRD’s Program Excellence Network (PEN) and University Forum for Human Resource Development (UFHRD) to understand the state of globalization of HRD research and teaching. We offer recommendations for HRD scholars representing the new guard to globalize their teaching and research and professional associations to guide and support the globalization of HRD academic practice.

The Stakeholders

This article is of particular interest to HRD scholars in all stages of their careers seeking to globalize their academic practice and contribute to their own and their learners’ global mindset development and to professional associations guiding and supporting the globalization of HRD academic practice.
Architectures, spaces, and territories of illicit drug trafficking in Colombia and Mexico
Authors: Aschner Juan Pablo , Montero Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

This research applies an interdisciplinary approach to the bidirectional relationship between illicit drug trafficking activities (specifically, cocaine and opioid trafficking in Colombia and Mexico) and the architectures, spaces, and territories in which they are located. Certain spaces that determine or are determined by the actions of drug trafficking organizations are described, analyzed, and classified based on various methodologies and the use of academic, official, and press information. In addition, case studies are reconstructed using architectural and geographic representation mechanisms to exemplify and illustrate the main arguments. The paper examines the three stages of activity that constitute the illegal drug economy: production (involving the placement of crop fields and laboratories), distribution (which entails exploitation of mobility infrastructure), and cross-cutting activities in relation to drug trafficking support spaces. The research provides an articulated interpretation of the various drug trafficking activities from a spatial perspective, the characterization of spaces that are important to criminal organizations and to the performance of their activities, and insights into the spatial thinking strategies and tactics associated with drug trafficking.
The structural validity of the Finnish version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand: A Rasch model analysis
Authors: Ikonen J , Hulkkonen S , Ryhänen J , Häkkinen A , Karppinen J , Repo JP
Published: March 2020

Introduction

The construct validity of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) has previously been questioned. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Finnish version of the DASH for assessing disability in patients with hand complaints using Rasch Measurement Theory.

Methods

A cohort of 193 patients with typical hand and wrist complaints were recruited at a surgery outpatient clinic. The DASH scores were analysed using the Rasch model for differential item functioning, unidimensionality, fit statistics, item residual correlation, coverage/targeting and reliability.

Results

In the original DASH questionnaire, the item response thresholds were disordered for 2 of 30 of the items. The item fit was poor for 9 of 30 of the items. Unidimensionality was not supported. There was substantial residual correlation between 87 pairs of items. Item reduction (chi square 95, degrees of freedom 50, p < 0.001) and constructing two testlets led to unidimensionality (chi square 0.64, degrees of freedom 4, p = 0.96). Person separation index was 0.95. The testlets had good fit with no differential item functioning towards age or gender.

Conclusion

Unidimensionality of the original Finnish version of the DASH was not supported, meaning the questionnaire seems to gauge traits other than disability alone. Hence, the clinician must be careful when trying to measure change in patients’ scores. Item reduction or the creation of testlets did not lead to good alternatives for the original Finnish DASH. Differential item functioning showed that the original Finnish scale exhibits minor response bias by age in one item. The original Finnish DASH covers different levels of ability well among typical hand surgery patients.
New perspectives on the treatment of skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Marzin Pauline , Cormier-Daire Valérie
Published: March 2020

The last few decades have been marked by the identification of numerous genes implicated in genetic disorders, helping in the elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology of these conditions. This has allowed new therapeutic approaches to emerge such as cellular therapy, gene therapy, or pharmacological therapy for various conditions. Skeletal dysplasias are good models to illustrate these scientific advances. Indeed, several therapeutic strategies are currently being investigated in osteogenesis imperfecta; there are ongoing clinical trials based on pharmacological approaches, targeting signaling pathways in achondroplasia and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva or the endoplasmic reticulum stress in metaphyseal dysplasia type Schmid or pseudoachondroplasia. Moreover, the treatment of hypophosphatasia or Morquio A disease illustrates the efficacy of enzyme drug replacement. To provide a highly specialized multidisciplinary approach, these treatments are managed by reference centers. The emergence of treatments in skeletal dysplasia provides new perspectives on the prognosis of these severe conditions and may change prenatal counseling in these diseases over the coming years.