bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Predictive Score for Preoperative Detection of Lymphovascular Invasion in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Emile Sameh H. , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Wignakumar Anjelli , Wexner Steven D.
Published: December 2024

Background

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an important prognosticator in rectal cancer (RC). We aimed to determine predictors for LVI in RC and incorporate them into a predictive risk score (PRS).

Methods

Case‐control analysis of predictors of LVI in RC using data from a national database (2010–2019). Main outcome was LVI in RC and its predictors. Odds ratios of significant independent predictors of LVI were incorporated into a PRS.

Results

55,178 patients were included (60.9% male; mean age: 61.3 years). LVI was detected in 10,446 (18.9%). Independent predictors were carcinomas that were signet‐ring cell (OR: 1.98, p < 0.001), moderately differentiated (OR: 1.58, p < 0.001), poorly differentiated (OR: 3.9, p < 0.001), or undifferentiated carcinomas (OR: 4.1, p < 0.001), cN1 (OR: 1.21, p < 0.001), and cN2 (OR: 1.49, p < 0.001), stage and incorporated into a PRS (0–8). Incidence of LVI was 16.3% in the low‐risk group, 27.8% in the intermediate‐risk group, and 40.5% in the high‐risk group (p < 0.001). The PPV of the score was 40.5%, NPV was 83.7%, accuracy was 82.4%, and specificity was 97.9%.

Conclusions

High‐grade adenocarcinomas, signet‐ring cell carcinomas, and lymph node involvement in clinical assessment were independently associated with LVI in RC. Incorporation of these predictors into a PRS conferred high specificity and good accuracy.
Application of Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm on Solar‐Wind‐Battery‐Thermal Integrated Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch Problems
Authors: Ghorui Sudip Kumar , Dasgupta Koustav , Ghoshal Sakti Prasad
Published: December 2024

The current challenges faced by conventional power plants, including increasing load demand over time, high generation costs, and excessive emissions from fossil fuels, have been helped to overcome by the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) alongside conventional thermal power units. In this article, traditional dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) is enhanced by incorporating RESs, including two solar units, two wind units, and one battery power unit, forming the solar‐wind‐battery‐thermal (SWBT) integrated DEED (SWBTDEED). This integration aimed at reducing generation costs and minimizing excessive fuel emissions, and combining cost and emissions over a 24 h period. Four different test systems, each incorporating 6, 10, 30, and 40 thermal units alongside the same RESs, are considered to meet varying load demands hourly throughout the day. This article demonstrates that, in addition to reducing generation costs, SWBTDEED is capable of reducing emissions by 38.28%, 28.48%, 20.67%, and 20.44% for four test systems, thereby protecting the environment. The sooty tern optimization algorithm (STOA) is proposed in this article for solving complex DEED and SWBTDEED problems, considering various constraints such as generation limits, ramp rate limits, valve point loading, and Weibull distribution. Finally, the robustness, optimization efficiency, and capability of the STOA technique in handling complex nonlinear constraints are demonstrated in the results section, showcasing its ability to achieve optimal results compared to other algorithms such as the sine‐cosine algorithm, backtracking search algorithm, differential evolution, and particle swarm optimization.
The Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Hexagonal and Oblique Carbon Foam Surfaces
Authors: Li Wenjing , Li Chaofan , Wei Hongda , Li Shujing , Wu Rui
Published: December 2024

The recent observation of 2D magnetism in 3D graphene has generated considerable interest. Herein, three types of carbon foam (CF) models are proposed composed of hybridized carbon atoms ( and ), namely hexagonal A, oblique B, and oblique C. Each CF model can exhibit different surface shapes, showcasing either or terminations, with or without hydrogen saturation. The first‐principles calculations confirm that only the A model exhibits 2D surface magnetism. The A model with bare dangling carbon bond (A‐B) exhibits an antiferromagnetic ground state, while the ‐terminated A model under full H saturation or with bare dangling bonds on the surfaces (A‐S or A‐B) shows a ferromagnetic ground state. In addition, the electronic properties of A, B, and C structures are investigated. The research findings indicate that by modifying the model structure and terminal surfaces, it is possible to achieve a transition from metal to semiconductor. This unique surface magnetism of CFs represents a significant advancement in the field of 2D magnetism.
Eco‐design as Driver for Circular Economy: An ICESP's Empirical Investigation on Italian Firms
Authors: Del Vecchio Pasquale , Scrucca Flavio , Paoni Susanna , Barberio Grazia
Published: December 2024

The paper contributes to the debate on eco‐design as a driver for the circular economy configuration of firms' business models. The study presents the empirical evidence of a research promoted by the Working Group on the Eco‐design and Circular Business Model of ICESP, the Italian Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform. The research adopted a two‐stage qualitative investigation approach, including an online focus group and a self‐administered online survey. Findings showed that the adoption of eco‐design is conceived into a larger strategy of innovation aimed at continuous improvement, quality management, and collaboration with stakeholders. Eco‐design is also identified as a strategy for improving customer satisfaction that leverages collaborative innovation paths with suppliers, external partners, and universities. Implications for theory arise in terms of a major understanding of eco‐design as a driver for value creation, while for the practice the study highlights new directions for managerial and entrepreneurial practical applications.
Versatile and Fast Electrochemical Activation Method for Carbon Nanotube Fibers with Diverse Active Materials
Authors: Lee Sungju , Yu Hayoung , Han Min Gook , Jung Hyewon , Jung Hee‐Tae , Kim Seung Min , Jeong Hyeon Su
Published: December 2024

In this study, the challenge of non‐electrochemical activity in carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) is addressed by developing a modified chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) densification process specifically developed for directly spun CNTFs. This post‐treatment method, well‐known for enhancing the physical properties of CNTFs, utilizes the double diffusion phenomenon to efficiently integrate a diverse range of active materials, from conductive polymers like polyaniline (PANI) to metal oxides like nickel oxide (NiO), into the fibers. This universal and cost‐effective approach not only simplifies the integration process but also significantly boosts both the electrochemical and physical properties of the fibers. For instance, the PANI@CNTF composite exhibited a remarkable 17‐fold increase in specific capacitance and a two‐fold increase in load value compared to its pristine counterparts. This method proves straightforward, efficient, and versatile, making it suitable for developing fiber‐shaped electrodes that advance the capabilities of wearable energy storage systems.
Prediction on mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites: An experimental and machine learning approach
Authors: Shanmugasundaram N. , Praveenkumar S.
Published: December 2024

The adoption of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) has witnessed a notable surge in recent years, primarily because of their remarkable strain‐hardening behavior and other hardened properties. On the other hand, machine learning (ML) approaches have been widely employed to predict various properties in engineering applications by incorporating an ‘n’ number of inputs and target data. An ML aids in understanding the selection, properties, and blending ability of materials, thereby reducing the cost and duration of research. In this study, an ML technique based on an artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized to predict the mechanical properties of ECC with different binders. For this purpose, several parameters are collected from the present investigation and various literature sources, and the collected data are trained using three algorithms, namely, scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Bayesian regularization (BR), and Levenberg–Marquardt (LM). The correlations and variations between the experimental and predicted outputs are analyzed. In addition, a comparison between the experimental results obtained by each investigator and the corresponding outputs predicted by the individual algorithms is highlighted. The LM algorithm achieved a mean regression value of 0.910 for the prediction of compressive strength, whereas the BR showed values of 0.908 and 0.852 for predicting the direct tensile and flexural properties of ECC, respectively. Furthermore, considering the standard benchmark, the proposed model exhibited a high correlation with the coefficient of determination (R2).
Band Correlation‐Based Multichannel Multiscale Convolution Network for Intelligent Interference Recognition
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhao Zining , Wu Qi , Xiao Haitao , Li Gang , Zhou Yibo , Wang Wenjie
Published: December 2024

In recent years, with the development and extensive application of wireless communication technology, the communication system should have stronger anti‐Jamming ability. Therefore, interference recognition is particularly important as a prerequisite for anti‐interference. However, the existing traditional and intelligent interference recognition algorithms have problems such as complicated feature extraction and low recognition accuracy under low interference‐to‐noise ratio. In order to solve the above problems, this paper introduces parallel multi‐channel multi‐scale convolution to improve the speed and accuracy of network recognition. In addition, combined with frequency band correlation and long‐short‐term memory network (LSTM), an innovative wireless communication interference identification model based on frequency band correlation is proposed, which uses LSTM to detect the frequency band correlation of interference signals and improve the accuracy of interference identification under low Jamming noise ratio (JNR). Experiments prove that the model proposed in this article has faster recognition speed and better generalization. The introduction of frequency band correlation increases the recognition accuracy to more than 99% with low JNR. Therefore, the model proposed in this paper is an effective and available model in complex electromagnetic environments. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Removal of Ginger from shosaikoto can reduce hepatocyte toxicity
Authors: Oshima Naohiro , Kusamori Kosuke , Takeda Moe , Takasaki Ryo , Nishikawa Makiya , Hada Noriyasu
Published: December 2024

Aim

Shosaikoto, a famous Kampo formula, is composed of seven crude drugs including Scutellaria Root, and is used for the treatment of pneumonia, bronchitis, common cold, gastrointestinal disorders, and postpartum recovery failure. Albeit a low frequency, shosaikoto induces serious interstitial pneumonia and liver dysfunction, and Scutellaria Root has strongly been suspected to be the component responsible for the adverse effects of shosaikoto. In order to reduce the hepatotoxicity of shosaikoto, basic experiments on changes in the composition of component crude drugs were carried out.

Method

The cytotoxicity of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit‐8. The inhibitory effect on PGE2 was evaluated using murine macrophage‐like RAW264.7 cells.

Results

A two‐pair combination, Scutellaria Root–Ginger, increased hepatocytotoxicity compared to Scutellaria Root alone. Removal of Ginger from shosaikoto decreased the toxicities to HepG2 and A549 cells, without notable differences in ingredient composition, and retained its PGE2‐inhibitory effect.

Conclusion

Removal of Ginger from shosaikoto revealed to reduce hepatocyte toxicity.
Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Haines-Delmont Alina , Duxbury Joy A. , Gupta Veenu , Lantta Tella
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, we discuss the paradigm shift from a traditional, individual blaming approach to understanding mental health crisis towards trauma-informed thinking, the impact of coercive practices on trauma and retraumatisation, and the range of trauma-informed care (TIC) approaches and interventions currently used in mental health inpatient settings. Most importantly, we will be sharing the lived accounts of one of the authors to learn about and better understand the first-hand experience of trauma, retraumatisation, and recovery. We will be reflecting on the direction of trauma-informed care in mental health settings, aspirations for the future, and implications for practice and research.
Eastern and Western Approaches to Coercion in Mental Health
Authors: Raveesh B. N. , Lepping Peter , Palmstierna Tom
Published: December 2024

The use of coercion in mental health treatment is still controversial worldwide, with differing philosophical and cultural viewpoints influencing how patients are treated and given autonomy. To better understand compulsion in mental health, this research compares and contrasts Western and Eastern views, looking at the underlying ideologies, institutional structures, and real-world applications in each region.

Western societies, especially those in the USA and Europe, place a strong focus on the autonomy and rights of the person, which frequently leads to a preference for minimum coercion in mental health care. The goal of legal frameworks like psychiatric advance directives and the informed consent concept is to protect patient autonomy and restrict forceful interventions. Nonetheless, discussions about striking a balance between paternalism and autonomy continue, particularly when it comes to individuals who are incapable of making their own decisions.

On the other hand, Eastern methods of compulsion in mental health put the welfare of families and society before that of the individual. Coercive treatments may be more well-accepted by patients and their families in Asian nations where familial authority is highly valued, frequently as a tool to maintain societal harmony and filial piety. However, questions have been raised concerning the possibility of power abuse and the violation of individual rights in these systems.

This chapter looks at the cultural underpinnings of Western and Eastern perspectives on coercion in mental health, as well as how these perspectives affect clinical practice and the formulation of public policy. Mental health practitioners can successfully negotiate moral problems and work towards promoting patient-centred care that respects cultural diversity and upholds fundamental human rights by being aware of the subtle differences between these various approaches.
The Intersection of Treaties on Tax and Trade: A Case Study of Australia and India
Authors: Jogarajan Sunita , Voon Tania
Published: December 2024

Treaties on tax and treaties on trade intersect in various ways but traditionally have remained in largely separate legal spheres. A case study of the Double Tax Convention (DTC) between Australia and India and its interpretation in Australian courts demonstrates how tax disputes that begin under a DTC may eventually influence trade negotiations. In this unprecedented example, the judicial resolution in Australia of a dispute between an Indian taxpayer and the Australian government led to a major financial problem for Indian industry that persisted over several years. That problem was ultimately resolved in 2022 by an agreement reached between Australia and India in the context of concluding a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA), leading to an important change (for India) in Australian tax law. This kind of cross-field resolution might become more common as countries seek to address multiple economic concerns in a single negotiation. However, doing so creates the risk of breaching other international legal obligations, as shown by an examination of Australia’s World Trade Organization (WTO) obligations that may be relevant to the agreement reached between Australia and India in this tax context.
The Legal Transplant of EU Standards in Taxation: A Case Study of the ACP Post-Cotonou Agreement
Authors: Mosquera Irma , Debelva Filip
Published: December 2024

The aim of this contribution is to study the legal transplant of the EU Standard of Tax Good Governance in agreements concluded by the EU with non-EU countries. For this purpose, this chapter uses the African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) Post-Cotonou Agreement as a case study. The EU plays a significant role in shaping global governance in taxation, but there is a growing recognition that reforms are necessary to address emerging challenges and improve effectiveness. This chapter critically examines the use of the EU Standard of Tax Good Governance and its impact on tax policies, highlighting areas where improvements can be made. It explores the potential for the EU to adopt a more inclusive and cooperative approach, taking into account the interests and perspectives of non-EU (developing) countries. The chapter also discusses the role of the EU in promoting sustainable development and addressing global inequalities through its norm-exporting efforts. Ultimately, it provides recommendations for further research on the EU’s approach to the use of the Standard of Tax Good Governance in international agreements with developing countries to ensure greater fairness, transparency, efficiency, and effectiveness in global tax governance.
Tax and Trade and Investment Instruments in Sustainable Development Goals Achievement
Authors: Waeytens Sharon
Published: December 2024

This chapter demonstrates that tax, trade, and investment policy instruments can contribute to the achievement of the SDGs in four ways. Tax and trade and investment policy instruments reach different individuals and companies and target different behaviours and interests. This means that these policy instruments can either cancel or reinforce each other, making it important to understand the interaction between different policy instruments. To achieve the SDGs, governments should therefore use a combination of these policy instruments, while keeping in mind that policy coherence is crucial.
Dealing with Treaty Shopping Across the Tax, Trade, and Investment Regimes
Authors: Heitmüller Frederik
Published: December 2024

The bilateral governance of a specific cross-border policy issue creates incentives for economic actors from less favoured countries to take advantage of rules that apply to actors from more favoured countries. This is the case across the international tax, trade, and investment regimes: In tax and investment regimes, multinational enterprises engage in treaty shopping to gain the advantage of a more favourable treaty that a country of destination of investment has signed with a third country. In the trade regime, traders may reroute goods through a third country to take advantage of a preferential agreement that the destination country has concluded with the third country.

International organizations and states have proposed different types of solutions to deal with this problem that is present across the three regimes, including limitations on benefits rules and General Anti Avoidance Rules in the tax and investment regimes, as well as rules of origin inserted into trade agreements. However, the effectiveness of each approach remains debatable. This chapter compares the characteristics of the approaches taken, discusses why international organizations and countries have privileged one response over the other, and reviews the literature that discusses their suitability.
Hidden Dynamics and Hierarchies in Tax Policy: A Critical Assessment of Fairness in OECD, EU, and UN
Authors: Arik Ezgi
Published: December 2024

The concept of fairness does not have a globally agreed-upon definition in international tax discourse. This leads to various interpretations from different stakeholders. Due to the lack of an agreed-upon understanding of fairness, the dominant actor’s ideological position might influence others’ understanding of fairness. This Chapter focuses on the fairness used in the OECD, EU, and UN discourses and how their conceptions shape the tax policy discourse. This Chapter follows a deconstructive contextualization of fairness by focusing on the hidden dynamics and hierarchies in the discourses. The outcome of the discourse analysis shows that the OECD, the EU, and the UN primarily follow fairness in an economic sense. The dominance of the economic sense of fairness indicates the influence of OECD’s ideological position. The dominance of the OECD not only shapes the approach of the EU and the UN, but also directly and indirectly (through the EU and the UN) influences general tax policy discourse, as all three organizations have a considerable influence on shaping international tax policy. Accordingly, the potential impacts of the dominant actors in shaping global tax governance should be considered. Otherwise, the global interests in tax governance might be overlooked.
Co-kreative Lehrentwicklung. Neue Wege in der Hochschulbildung
Authors: Zinger Benjamin , Wester Ann Marie , Zitzmann Christina , Weidel Antonia , Bauer Marina
Published: December 2024

Lehrlabor3 ist ein Programm, das einen Rahmen für die gemeinsame Weiter- und Neuentwicklung von Lehrkonzepten bietet. Es wird als wirkungsvoller Hebel zur Gestaltung der Hochschulbildung verstanden. Das „Hoch drei“ symbolisiert die Kollaboration zwischen Studierenden, Lehrenden und Mitarbeitenden. Mithilfe dieser Zusammensetzung können Fächer- und Hochschulgrenzen durchbrochen werden, wodurch ein co-kreatives, rollenübergreifendes Arbeiten entsteht. Die Lehre wird spielerisch als „kaputtes Spiel“ betrachtet, um Anreize zu setzen, Motivationslücken zu erkennen und neue Ideen zu generieren. Das neunmonatige Programm basiert auf interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit, Kreativität und einem forschenden Ansatz zum Lehren und Lernen. Fünf Teams von verschiedenen Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften (HAWs) haben hierbei Lehrkonzepte entwickelt und verfeinert. Das Ergebnis ist eine kreative Ideenschmiede für die Lehre, die eine Atmosphäre der Wertschätzung und produktiven Kreativität in sich vereint und die Hochschulbildung damit als Gemeinschaftsaufgabe erlebbar macht.
Adopting a strategic approach to dormant seeding and initial soil water management for rainfed lentil agroecosystems
Authors: Amiri Seyedreza , Rahimi-Moghaddam Sajjad , Eyni-Nargeseh Hamed
Published: December 2024

The initial soil water (ISW) content and dormant seeding management (DSM) also resulted in better use of precipitation and escape from the heat and drought stresses in late spring and early summer. However, the effect of initial soil water content under DSM as an adaptation option on crop yield has not been fully evaluated, especially in developing countries. We aimed to assess sowing date and ISW on yield of lentil cultivars in 37 selected locations representing six arid and semi-arid agro-climates in Iran. We utilized the SSM-Legume model to quantify the sensitivity of lentil production to ISW and sowing date. Our results showed that the ISW creates the early appearance of stress on late-sown lentil, while DSM1 (dormant seeding around 20 December) of lentil conserved higher soil water throughout the crop growth period. On the other hand, DSM1 and short cycle cultivar explored a higher amount of soil water and thus increasing the productivity. Hence, to minimize the effect of soil water stress in lentil rainfed agroecosystems, the best management combination of a short-cycle cultivar, DSM1, and an ISW ranges from 32 up to 52 mm produced the highest grain yield over all studied agro-climate types (779–605 kg ha−1) due to lower plant water stress. Improving total production can be especially effective in arid and semi-arid areas. These results can offer advice to farmers and decision-makers in enhancing rainfed lentil production in arid and semi-arid agroecosystems by managing soil water and DSM.
The Impact of Gestational Diabetes on Kidney Development: is There an Epigenetic Link?
Authors: Tortelote Giovane G
Published: December 2024

Purpose of Review

This review explores the mechanisms through which gestational diabetes mellitus GDM impacts fetal kidney development, focusing on epigenetic alterations as mediators of these effects. We examine the influence of GDM on nephrogenesis and kidney maturation, exploring how hyperglycemia-induced intrauterine stress can reduce nephron endowment and compromise renal function via dysregulation of normal epigenetic mechanisms.

Recent Findings

In addition to metabolic impacts, emerging evidence suggests that GDM exerts its influence through epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, which disrupt gene expression patterns critical for kidney development. Recently, specific epigenetic modifications observed in offspring exposed to GDM were implicated in aberrant activation or repression of genes essential for kidney development. Key pathways influenced by these epigenetic changes, such as oxidative stress response, inflammatory regulation, and metabolic pathways, are discussed to illustrate the broad molecular impact of GDM on renal development. Finally, we consider potential intervention strategies that could mitigate the adverse effects of GDM on kidney development. These include optimizing maternal glycemic control, dietary modifications, dietary supplementation, and pharmacological agents targeting epigenetic pathways.

Through a comprehensive synthesis of current research, this review underscores the importance of early preventive strategies to reduce the burden of kidney disease in individuals exposed to GDM and highlights key epigenetic mechanisms altered during GDM that impact kidney development.
Targeting the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is not beneficial in an animal model of chronic neuritis
Authors: Mausberg Anne K. , Szepanowski Fabian , Eggert Bianca , Liebig Kai C. , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Kieseier Bernd C. , Stettner Mark
Published: December 2024

The inhibition of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a promising therapeutic pathway in certain autoimmune disorders to reduce the amount of circulating pathogenic IgG autoantibodies by interfering with their recycling system. FcRn antibodies are currently being tested in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of an antibody targeting FcRn in the intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1)-deficient NOD mouse—a model representative for many aspects of human CIDP. After the onset of clinical signs of neuropathy, ICAM1-deficient NOD mice were assigned to treatment twice per week with anti-FcRn antibody, isotype control antibody (negative control) or intraperitoneal (administered) immunoglobulin (positive control). Disease severity was monitored using disease-specific assessments for ataxia and paresis such as grip strength measurements. Serum immunoglobulin levels and peripheral nerve immune cell infiltration were quantified. Treatment with anti-FcRn antibody did not ameliorate disease progression, as determined by clinical scores and grip strength analysis. Disease progression was reduced in the positive control animals receiving immunoglobulin. Consistent with the clinical results, the composition of infiltrating immune cells was not altered in the peripheral nerve of anti-FcRn antibody-treated mice compared to controls. However, in anti-FcRn antibody-treated mice, significantly lower IgG levels were detectable compared to controls. These findings suggest that targeting the FcRn recycling system does not influence disease progression in the NOD-ICAM1-deficient mouse model of CIDP. Further studies will elucidate whether the reduction of IgG levels was insufficient to deplete pathogenic autoantibodies or whether the major inflammatory driver in the NOD-ICAM1-deficient mouse animal model is mediated by factors other than pathological immunoglobulins.
Numerical study of unsteady thin film flow and heat transfer of power-law tetra hybrid nanofluid with velocity slip over a stretching sheet using engine oil
Authors: Mehmood Yasir , Alsinai Ammar , Bilal Muhammad , Summan Ifrah
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the effects of velocity slip and power-law nanofluid flow on tetrahybrid nanofluids across a stretching sheet. Tetrahybrid nanofluids, which combine four distinct nanoparticles Ag, $$SiO_2$$

S
i

O
2

, CuO, and ZnO with engine oil as the base fluid, are investigated for their potential to enhance thermal performance. Engine oil plays a critical role in reducing friction and wear in mechanical systems by forming a protective layer on components such as cylinders, pistons, and bearings. Using MATLAB’s , the study solves a set of ordinary differential equations derived from boundary layer equations, applying appropriate similarity transformations. It is observed that two unique velocity profiles intersect at a specific location, which shifts away from the stretching sheet as the velocity slip parameter increases. The findings indicate that tetrahybrid nanofluids offer superior heat transfer rates compared to standard nanofluids, showing improvements of 7.43, 6.27, and 5.35% over hybrid and tri-hybrid nanofluids, respectively. This study provides graphical representations of how various parameters, including the Prandtl number, power-law index, slip parameter, magnetic field parameter, and Reynolds number, affect temperature and velocity profiles. It is revealed that increasing the value of the solid volume fraction causes the tetrahybrid nanofluid velocity to decrease and its temperature to rise. The innovation of this work lies in its detailed examination of tetrahybrid nanofluids, extending beyond earlier research on simpler nanofluids and offering valuable insights for advanced thermal management solutions.
Bureaucrats of Liberation
Authors: Houser Myra Ann
Published: December 2024

Bureaucrats of Liberation narrates the history of the Southern Africa Project of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Right under law, a civil rights organization founded in 1963 at the request of President John F. Kennedy. Between 1963 and 1994, the Southern Africa Project connected lawyers from Namibia, South Africa, and the United States. Within the Project's network, activist lawyers exchanged funding resources, provided logistical support for political trials, and mediated new voting and governmental systems. The Project's history provides a lens into twentieth century geopolitics tied to anti-apartheid, decolonization, Cold War, and movements agitating against white supremacy. In doing so, it pays careful attention to the Project's different eras, beginning with US Executive Branch officials helming the effort and evolving into a space where more activist-oriented attorneys on both sides of the Atlantic drove its mission and politics.
Lyapunov stability of non-isolated equilibria for strongly irreversible Allen–Cahn equations
Authors: Akagi Goro , Efendiev Messoud
Published: December 2024

The present article is concerned with the Lyapunov stability of stationary solutions to the Allen–Cahn equation with a strong irreversibility constraint, which was first intensively studied in [2] and can be reduced to an evolutionary variational inequality of obstacle type. As a feature of the obstacle problem, the set of stationary solutions always includes accumulation points, and hence, it is rather delicate to determine the stability of such non-isolated equilibria. Furthermore, the strongly irreversible Allen–Cahn equation can also be regarded as a (generalized) gradient flow; however, standard techniques for gradient flows such as linearization and Łojasiewicz–Simon gradient inequalities are not available for determining the stability of stationary solutions to the strongly irreversible Allen–Cahn equation due to the non-smooth nature of the obstacle problem.
Proportional Non-Voter Sortition: Legislative Inclusion for Non-Voting Citizens
Authors: Carlsen Häggrot Marcus , Destri Chiara
Published: December 2024

Democratic electoral systems characteristically take a Count-and-Report Approach to enfranchised citizens’ failure to turn out in political elections: The number of non-votes is counted and publicly reported, but non-votes are given no effect in the allocation of political offices. We morally assess this model in the context of legislative elections, and argue that it is pro tanto less desirable than another, counterfactual model which we label Proportional Non-Voter Sortition. This model provides that citizens’ non-votes shall be legislatively represented by legislators who are selected by lot from the non-voting part of the demos, and whose share of seats is proportional to the aggregate rate of non-voting in the legislative election. Our assessment of the two models specifically turns on the claim that a democracy’s legislature should reflect the full diversity of political views that exists within its demos (legislative inclusivity), and it offers two reasons to expect that Proportional Non-Voter Sortition serves legislative inclusivity better than the Count-and-Report Approach: 1) Proportional Non-Voter Sortition uniquely incentivizes political parties to integrate non-voter views into their political agendas and mobilisation activities; and 2) Proportional Non-Voter Sortition additionally enables the legislative articulation and advocacy of non-voter views by placing people in the legislature who are descriptively representative of non-voters. Through our discussion of different models for the post-electoral management of non-votes, we contribute to a body of normative democratic theorizing about citizens’ non-voting, but raise a distinct question that so far has remained unexplored.
Arctic Hydrothermal Vents May Resemble Those on Enceladus
Authors: Guth Anna
Published: December 2024

By studying hydrogen-rich vent sites on Earth, scientists could learn more about the hidden ocean of Saturn’s icy moon—one of our solar system’s likeliest candidates for harboring life beyond Earth.
Long term follow-up of women treated for screen detected atypical ductal hyperplasia or lobular neoplasia in a large UK screening centre
Authors: Brown Nicole L. , Pritchard Susan , Harkness Elaine F. , Lim Yit , Gandhi Ashu , Evans Dafydd Gareth , Howell Anthony , Howell Sacha J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and lobular neoplasia (LN) increase subsequent breast cancer (BC) risk. However, optimal surveillance and risk reduction regimes remain uncertain. We report management and outcomes of women with ADH and LN to provide data on potential screening/prevention strategies.

Methods

Women diagnosed with screen detected ADH and/or LN between 2010-2018 at our institution were identified and demographic data, MDT decisions and BC diagnoses extracted from electronic patient records in 2019 and 2023.

Results

Of 107 women, 74 were discharged to the NHS Breast Screening Programme and 33 were offered enhanced screening (ES). The proportion offered ES increased significantly over time (p = 0.037). 15/105 (14.3%) developed BC (median follow-up 117 months), 9 screen-detected and 6 symptomatic, with 3 interval cancers diagnosed 12–25 months following their last screen. 3/15 were lymph node positive and 13/14 invasive cancers were estrogen receptor (ER) positive. BC incidence rate was 1499.6/100,000 women/year (SIR = 4.7), lower in the first 5 years of follow-up compared with post 5 years.

Conclusions

In women with ADH/LN most BCs occur beyond 5 years. ES regimens should therefore extend to at least 10 years and be at least biennial. Preventative therapy should be considered given the high BC SIR and ER positivity of subsequent tumours.
SWEMniCS: a software toolbox for modeling coastal ocean circulation, storm surges, inland, and compound flooding
Authors: Dawson Clint , Loveland Mark , Pachev Benjamin , Proft Jennifer , Valseth Eirik
Published: December 2024

Flooding from storm surges, rainfall-runoff, and their interaction into compounding events are major natural hazards in coastal regions. To assess risks of damages to life and properties alike, numerical models are needed to guide emergency responses and future assessments. Numerical models, such as ADCIRC have over many decades shown their usefulness in such assessments. However, these models have a high threshold in terms of new user engagement as development and compilation is not trivial for users trained in compiled programming languages. Here, we develop a new open-source finite element solver for the numerical simulation of flooding. The numerical solution of the underlying PDEs is developed using the finite element framework FEniCSx. The goal is a framework where new methods can be rapidly tested before time-consuming development into codes like ADCIRC. We validate the framework on several test cases, including large-scale computations in the Gulf of Mexico for Hurricane Ike (2008).
Optimal Collision Energy for Higgs Precision Measurements at the ILC250
Authors: Maria Andrea Siddharta , Tian Junping
Published: December 2024

In the context of the International Linear Collider, the following research aims to look for the best energies for this machine to work at in order to achieve the most precise measurements on Higgs related quantities. We will firstly focus on the measurement of the Higgsstrahlung cross-section, by carrying out a full model-independent analysis at three different energies, with the aim to minimize the relative error on this quantity. Afterwards, we will set up, in the framework of Effective Field Theories, a toy Lagrangian, and study the precision of anomalous couplings measurements at the energy points aforementioned. In order to do this, we will build up a chi-squared function at each energy point and look at their contours. The chi-squared functions we will construct exploit the new Lorentz structures present in our Lagrangian, making use of the different angular distribution predicted by this theory, and in particular of its energy dependence. We will also take linear combinations of the three chi-squared at the various energy points, aiming to improve our measurements by running the ILC at multiple energies in a short energy range.
Electroweak measurements at the LHC and HL-LHC with ATLAS and CMS
Authors: Magnan Anne-Marie
Published: December 2024

This contribution aims at giving an overview of ATLAS and CMS results in the electroweak sector of the standard model. First, the latest precision measurements for a selection of standard model parameters of the electroweak sector will be reviewed. Then, measurements related to the electroweak production of vector bosons with two jets, and inclusive diboson production, both class of processes sensitive to anomalous triple gauge couplings, will be summarised. A review of the measurements available for vector boson scattering and triboson processes will follow, both class of processes sensitive to anomalous quartic gauge couplings. Finally, the limits on anomalous couplings will be summarised. The review covers both LHC and HL-LHC (ATLAS and CMS) results.
W pair production at lepton colliders in the Feynman-diagram gauge
Authors: Furusato Hiroyuki , Mawatari Kentarou , Suzuki Yutaro , Zheng Ya-Juan
Published: December 2024

In ref. [1], we calculated helicity amplitudes for e−e+ → W−W+ in the Feynman-diagram (FD) gauge analytically, and showed that the cross section can be understood by the individual γ, Z and ν amplitudes in the FD gauge. In this report, we discuss each contribution in the angular distributions in detail.
New developments in the Whizard event generator
Authors: Reuter Jürgen , Bredt Pia , Höfer Marius , Kilian Wolfgang , Kreher Nils , Löschner Maximilian , Mękała Krzysztof , Ohl Thorsten , Striegl Tobias , Żarnecki Aleksander Filip
Published: December 2024

We give a status report on new developments within the Whizard event generator. Important new features comprise NLO electroweak automation (incl. extension to BSM processes like SMEFT), loop-induced processes and new developments in the UFO interface. We highlight work in progress and further plans, such as the implementation of electroweak PDFs, photon radiation, the exclusive top threshold and features for exotic new physics searches.
Top quark flavor changing neutral currents at Future Linear Colliders
Authors: Jueid Adil , Kanemura Shinya
Published: December 2024

We discuss the production and the decay of top quark through flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) interaction at future linear colliders. We first discuss the theoretical predictions of top quark FCNC decays into qH and qZ within a class of t–channel simplified dark matter models. For the existing bounds on the top quark FCNC interactions at the Large Hadron Collider, we estimate the production rates of top quark through FCNC interactions at future linear colliders for energies from 250 GeV to 3 TeV.
Prospects for light exotic scalar measurements at the e+e− Higgs factory
Authors: Brudnowski Bartłomiej , Zembaczyński Kamil , Żarnecki Aleksander Filip
Published: December 2024

The physics program of the Higgs factory will focus on measurements of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, with the Higgs-strahlung process being the dominant production channel at 250 GeV. However, production of extra light scalars is still not excluded by the existing experimental data, provided their coupling to the gauge bosons is sufficiently suppressed. Fermion couplings of such a scalar could also be very different from the SM predictions leading to non-standard decay paterns. Presented in this contribution are results from the ongoing studies on prospects of direct light scalar observation at future Higgs factory experiments in different decay channels.
Top-quark Yukawa coupling with a dimension-6 operator
Authors: Zheng Ya-Juan
Published: December 2024

We extend the standard top-quark Yukawa coupling with a dimension-6 operator in order to accommodate a CP violating complex phase with manifest gauge invariance. This leads to a new ttHH contact interaction, along with many Goldstone boson couplings. We investigate the impact of the new interactions on a muon collider process µ−µ+ → νµῡµtt¯H compared with the standard dimension-4 top-Yukawa coupling. The unitarity bounds on the coefficient of the new physics operator is obtained from WL−W+L and HH initiated processes.
Investigating hidden sectors at future e+e− colliders through two-particle angular correlations
Authors: Musumeci Emanuela
Published: December 2024

Exploring long-range angular correlations among emitted particles in high-energy collisions provides an opportunity to uncover physics beyond the Standard Model like Hidden Valley (HV) models. We focus on a hidden QCD-like sector, where the interplay between HV matter and QCD partonic cascades could enhance azimuthal correlations between final-state particles. Our investigation, performed at detector level, specifically targets the detectability of these phenomena at future e+e− colliders, yielding a cleaner experimental signature as compared to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Remarkably, the observation of ridge structures in the two-particle correlation function may suggest the existence of New physics.
Searches for BSM physics at a gamma-gamma collider with Energy < 12 GeV based on European XFEL
Authors: Berger Marten , Moortgat-Pick Gudrid , Wüst Monika
Published: December 2024

The possibility of a Photon-Photon collider extension to the Beam dump of the 17.5 GeV European XFEL has been discussed before as the first high energy collider of its sort. It would not just be to study the concept of photon colliders but would also be a collider without competition in the region of 5 − 12 GeV for photon-photon collision. In this range, bb¯ and cc¯ resonances, tetraquarks as well as mesonic molecules can be observed. Furthermore, some BSM processes can also be reached in this range. In this paper we want to discuss the possibility of observing ALPs at such a collider. We will use a simplified description of the compton backscattering process to get a first look at cross sections and extend this to the full beam dynamics included prediction.
Long-lived particle searches with the ILD experiment
Authors: Klamka Jan Franciszek , Żarnecki Aleksander Filip , Jeans Daniel
Published: December 2024

Future e+e− colliders provide a unique opportunity for long-lived particle (LLP) searches. This study focusses on LLP searches using the International Large Detector (ILD), a detector concept for a future Higgs factory. The signature considered is a displaced vertex inside the ILD’s Time Projection Chamber. We study challenging scenarios involving small mass splittings between heavy LLP and dark matter, resulting in soft displaced tracks. As an opposite case, we explore light pseudoscalar LLPs decaying to boosted, nearly collinear tracks. Backgrounds from beam-induced processes and physical events are considered. Various tracking system designs and their impact on LLP reconstruction are discussed. Assuming a single displaced vertex signature, model-independent limits on signal production cross section are presented for a range of LLP lifetimes, masses, and mass splittings. The limits can be used for constraining specific models, with more complex displaced vertex signatures.
Investigation Of Plasma Stability Of The Prototype Plasma Lens For Positron Matching
Authors: Hamann Niclas , Jones Harry , Loisch Gregor , Formela Manuel , Ludwig Kai , Osterhoff Jens , Moortgat-Pick Gudrid
Published: December 2024

The quest for novel technologies in the ever-evolving landscape of scientific exploration has led to the investigation of plasma lensing as a potential solution for optical matching devices for all kinds of positron sources. This research becomes increasingly significant as the need for higher event rate demands innovative concepts to increase positron yield and therefore luminosity. A prototype plasma lens has been developed and tested for the first time. Instabilities were observed during the first test trials. This paper presents the results of high-temporal resolution imaging to analyze the discharge instabilities. Furthermore, the results show splitting and bending discharge instabilities and heavy copper coating. Overcoming these challenges is pivotal for a future application of plasma lenses as an integral part of high-performance positron sources.
SuperKEKB positron beam tuning using machine learning
Authors: Natsui Takuya
Published: December 2024

In the KEK injector linac, four-ring simultaneous top-up injection has been achieved, and beam tuning is always performed in various beam modes. As there are four beam modes, the optimum magnet current and RF phase must be selected for each. There are numerous tuning knobs for each mode; thus, it takes signiﬁcant time and manpower to ﬁnd the optimum state for all modes. In particular, tuning the positron primary electron beam requires delicate parameter adjustment due to its large charge. Signiﬁcant time has been spent on this tuning. Therefore, an automatic tuning tool has been developed. Automatic tuning is realized using Bayesian optimization and the downhill simplex method. This tool can be used for any beam tuning on our system and has been particularly useful for positron beam tuning.
Capture Cavities For The Cw Polarized Positron Source Ce+baf
Authors: Wang Shaoheng , Ushakov Andriy , Grames Joseph , Raut Nabin , Rimmer Robert , Roblin Yves , Wang Haipeng
Published: December 2024

The initial design of the capture cavities for the continuous wave (CW) polarized positron beams at Jefferson Lab (Ce+BAF) is presented. A chain of standing wave multi-cell copper cavities inside a solenoid tunnel are selected to improve the positron capture efficiency. The cavity design strategy is presented to accommodate constrains from the large phase distribution of the incident beams, RF power and RF heating. A matrix of design parameters’ range are given for future system optimization when the capture cavities are considered together with other sub-systems and beam dynamics. The contents will also be useful for other CW cavity design for beams with large phase space distribution.