bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attenuation Effects of Alpha-Pinene Inhalation on Mice with Dizocilpine-Induced Psychiatric-Like Behaviour
Authors: Ueno Hiroshi , Shimada Atsumi , Suemitsu Shunsuke , Murakami Shinji , Kitamura Naoya , Wani Kenta , Matsumoto Yosuke , Okamoto Motoi , Ishihara Takeshi
Published: July 2019

α-Pinene, an organic terpene compound found in coniferous trees, is used as a safe food additive and is contained in many essential oils. Moreover, some studies have shown that α-pinene suppresses neuronal activity. In this study, we investigated whether inhalation of α-pinene suppresses dizocilpine (MK-801-) induced schizophrenia-like behavioural abnormalities in mice. Mice inhaled α-pinene 1 h before the first MK-801 injection. Thirty minutes after MK-801 injection, the open field, spontaneous locomotor activity, elevated plus maze, Y-maze, tail suspension, hot plate, and grip strength tests were conducted as behavioural experiments. Inhalation of α-pinene suppressed the activity of mice in the spontaneous locomotor activity test and although it did not suppress the MK-801-induced increased locomotor activity in the open field test, it remarkably decreased the time that the mice remained in the central area. Inhalation of α-pinene suppressed the MK-801-induced increased total distance travelled in the Y-maze test, whereas it did not alter the MK-801-induced reduced threshold of antinociception in the hot plate test. In the tail suspension and grip strength tests, there was no effect on mouse behaviour by administration of MK-801 and inhalation of α-pinene. These results suggest that α-pinene acts to reduce MK-801-induced behavioural abnormalities resembling those seen in neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, both medicinal plants and essential oils containing α-pinene may have potential for therapeutic treatment of schizophrenia.
Mechanical Performance Study of Tower Crane Braced Frame Joint with Different Embedded Part Parameters
Authors: Gang Yao , Yang Yang , Gang Liao , Zulin Huang , Bangzheng Weng
Published: July 2019

Embedded part has significant effects on the mechanical performance of tower crane braced frame joint. In this study, a series of experiments with different embedded part parameters are conducted on ultimate bearing capacity, load-displacement relationship, load-strain relationship, failure mode, and failure mechanism. Finite element models are established by the ABAQUS software and compared with the experiment results to verify rationality and credibility of the models. The present experimental study and finite element model analysis focus on the effects of anchor length, anchor width, and endplate area. The research results show that embedded part is pulled out of braced frame joint without plastic deformation, and local stress distribution of braced frame joint is complex with tension, bending, and shear load. The braced frame joint is severely strained and cracked with ultimate bearing capacity. Influence of embedded part parameters on mechanical performance of braced frame joint decreases in the order of anchor length, endplate area, and anchor width. The embedded part parameters have no influence on failure mode but affect the failure mechanism. Ultimate bearing capacity of embedded part is about four times the cracking bearing capacity, and an effective approach to improve ultimate bearing capacity is increasing anchor length. The research results can provide a better understanding of the sensitivity of mechanical and cracking behaviors of tower crane braced frame joint with different embedded part parameters.
Adult-Type Rhabdomyoma of the Omohyoid Muscle
Authors: Cameron Brian H. , Hannabass Kyle , Kanungo Anuradha , Chhetri Dinesh K.
Published: July 2019

Rhabdomyomas are benign tumors composed of mesenchymal tissue and having a histologic appearance similar to skeletal muscle. Extracardiac rhabdomyomas are rare, and the majority of the adult subtype occur in the head and neck (H&N) region. Diagnosis can be challenging due to fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy being suspicious for sampling error from surrounding muscle or concerning for rhabdomyosarcoma. We present a case of a slowly enlarging left neck mass in the strap musculature of a 45-year-old Hispanic male. Multiple FNA and core biopsies failed to establish a diagnosis, and excisional biopsy was pursued revealing a hypertrophied left inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle. Histological analysis was diagnostic of an adult-type extracardiac rhabdomyoma, with complete surgical excision being the gold standard treatment for these tumors. The patient had an uneventful recovery. Skeletal muscle tumors of the H&N are uncommon, and benign extracardiac rhabdomyoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis to prevent unnecessarily aggressive intervention and appropriate patient counseling before and after surgery.
Emerging Risk Profile of Lung Cancer Therapy: Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage from Osimertinib
Authors: Forte Michael J. , Sangani Rahul G.
Published: July 2019

Osimertinib is an oral epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) used primarily in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. It is usually well tolerated with less than 5% of patients developing significant pulmonary toxicity from the medication, typically within the first few months after initiation. Previously reported pulmonary adverse reactions include pneumonitis (nonspecific interstitial pneumonia or other forms of acute interstitial process), fleeting asymptomatic infiltrates on imaging, and eosinophilic pneumonia. We present an interesting case of a 65-year-old female with recurrent metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung, treated with Osimertinib for 4 months, who developed a previously unreported toxicity of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) requiring mechanical ventilatory support.
An Approach to Identify Individual Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Isoform MicroRNAs
Authors: Wang Ying , Ru Jidong , Jin Tao , Sun Ming , Jia Lizhu , Sun Guijiang
Published: July 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play important roles in disease risk and development, especially cancer. Importantly, when SNPs are located in pre-miRNAs, they affect their splicing mechanism and change the function of miRNAs. To improve disease risk assessment, we propose an approach and developed a software tool, IsomiR_Find, to identify disease/phenotype-related SNPs and isomiRs in individuals. Our approach is based on the individual’s samples, with SNP information extracted from the 1000 Genomes Project. SNPs were mapped to pre-miRNAs based on whole-genome coordinates and then SNP-pre-miRNA sequences were constructed. Moreover, we developed matpred2, a software tool to identify the four splicing sites of mature miRNAs. Using matpred2, we identified isomiRs and then verified them by searching within individual miRNA sequencing data. Our approach yielded biomarkers for biological experiments, mined functions of miRNAs and SNPs, improved disease risk assessment, and provided a way to achieve individualized precision medicine.
Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Presenting as an Acute Abdomen in a Young Female Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abdelrahim Walid E. , Mohamed Kamal E. , Mekki Salwa O. , Saad Eltaib A.
Published: July 2019

We report a rare case of primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) in a hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) infected young female patient who presented with right upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for a few days. The preoperative diagnosis was difficult due to the rarity of the disease and the presence of a solitary hypodense mass in the left lobe of the liver on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan with a normal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and negative cytology. She underwent an uneventful extended left hemihepatectomy, and the surgical biopsy revealed a PHL—of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) type—with negative resection margins. She received adjuvant combination chemotherapy and remained disease-free with normal serial radiology over a 2-year follow-up period.
The General Solution of Quaternion Matrix Equation Having η‐Skew‐Hermicity and Its Cramer’s Rule
Authors: Rehman Abdur , Kyrchei Ivan , Ali Ilyas , Akram Muhammad , Shakoor Abdul
Published: July 2019

We determine some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the η‐skew‐Hermitian solution to the following system AX − (AX) η⁎ + BYBη⁎ + CZCη⁎ = D, Y = −Yη⁎, Z = −Zη⁎ over the quaternion skew field and provide an explicit expression of its general solution. Within the framework of the theory of quaternion row‐column noncommutative determinants, we derive its explicit determinantal representation formulas that are an analog of Cramer’s rule. A numerical example is also provided to establish the main result.
Cost Estimation Model Using Modified Parameters for Construction Projects
Authors: Ji Sae-Hyun , Ahn Joseph , Lee Hyun-Soo , Han Kyeongjin
Published: July 2019

Construction projects require huge amounts of capital and have many risk factors due to the unique industry characteristics. For a project to be successful, accurate cost estimation during the design phase is very important. Thus, this research aims to develop a cost estimation model where a modification method integrates influential factors with significant parameters. This study identified a modified parameter‐making process, which integrates many influential factors into a small number of significant parameters. The proposed model estimates the cost using quantity‐based modified parameters multiplied by their price. A case study was conducted with 24‐residence building project, and the estimation accuracy of the suggested method and a CBR model were compared. The proposed model achieved higher overall cost‐estimation accuracy and stability. A large number of influence factors can be modified as simple representatives and overcome the limitations of a conventional cost estimation model. The paper originality relates to providing a modified parameter‐making process to enhance reliability of a cost estimation. In addition, the suggested cost model can actively respond to the iterative requirements of recalculation of the cost.
Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Mortality Rate in Female Patients with Takotsubo Syndrome Compared with Female Patients with ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Study from a Single Center
Authors: Massobrio Laura , Valbusa Alberto , Sartini Marina , Meliota Giovanni , Cavalla Francesca , Miceli Roberta , Vischi Giulia , Cristina Maria Luisa , Spagnolo Anna Maria , Delfino Roberto , Abbadessa Francesco , Porto Italo , Brunelli Claudio , Rosa Gian Marco
Published: July 2019

Background. Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is characterized by acute transient, stress-induced, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, generally presenting with apical ballooning. It can mimic an acute coronary syndrome, but with a milder increase in cardiac enzymes and without culprit coronary artery disease on angiography. Data on long-term follow-up and survival in patients with TTS, compared with patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), are scarce. Purpose. To assess all-cause mortality rate and survival in a consecutive series of female patients with TTS compared with age- and sex-matched STEMI patients on long-term follow-up. Methods and Results. We collected data of 65 TTS female patients (TTS group) with a mean age of 73.42 ± 11.35 years from 2001 to 2013. Collection of follow-up information was concluded for all patients in 2016. To compare the mortality and survival of TTS patients with those of the STEMI population, we used data from our STEMI Registry, a prospective registry of 7446 STEMI patients admitted from 2001 to 2013 to our cath-lab for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI). From the registry, we selected 104 STEMI patients (STEMI group) comparable to our TTS group in terms of age (mean age of 72.33 ± 11.92 years) and sex. On follow-up examination after a median of 1000 days, the TTS group had a lower all-cause mortality rate than the STEMI group (7.69% versus 23.08%). This difference was statistically different between the two groups (log-rank test, p value = 0.03). Conclusions. In our study, TTS and STEMI patients displayed a statistically significant difference in long-term survival. Specifically, the TTS group had a lower mortality rate than the STEMI group. This seems to suggest that TTS and STEMI are two different clinical entities with two different clinical outcomes.
Synthesis of Surfactants Derived from 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole and Study of Their Acute Toxicity and Analgesic and Psychotropic Activities
Authors: Nguema Ongone Terence , El Ouasif Latyfa , El Ghoul Mostafa , Achour Redouane , Chakchak Hind , El Jemli Meryem , Cherrah Yahia , Alaoui Katim , Zellou Amina
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study is to synthesize cationic salts from a relatively toxic compound named 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and to evaluate some of their pharmacological properties. The acute toxicity of these salts is evaluated according to OECD 423 Guidelines at the doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kg; their peripheral analgesic effect is studied using the Koster test at the therapeutic dose of 200 mg/kg and their sedative action is evaluated using Traction, Chimney, Hole-board, and Rotarod tests at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. All synthesized molecules show no acute toxicity according to OECD Code 423 guidelines at doses ranging from 300 to 2000 mg/kg and do not cause any obesity or anorexia. Also, the results of the Koster test show that the studied compounds have an average analgesic effect at the dose of 200 mg/kg compared to acetylsalicylic acid. In addition, the elaborated compounds have shown a moderate sedative effect at the dose of 400 mg/kg, in comparison to 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (400 mg/kg) and Bromazepam (20 mg/kg). These compounds have no cataleptic and hypnotic effects on the central nervous system at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. These results argue in favor of a possible integration of the most active salts tested in the pharmaceutical industry owing to their analgesic and sedative effects.
Microenvironmental Metabolism Regulates Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Ngwa Verra M. , Edwards Deanna N. , Philip Mary , Chen Jin
Published: July 2019

Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment are emerging as key factors governing tumor growth, metastasis, and response to therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors. It has been recognized that rapidly proliferating cancer cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and vascular endothelial cells compete for oxygen and nutrients. Tumor cells and other cell types in the microenvironment not only compete for nutrients, but they also simultaneously produce immunosuppressive metabolites, leading to immune escape. In addition, commensal microbial metabolites can influence regulatory T cells and inflammation in the intestine, thus playing an essential role in cancer prevention or cancer promotion. In this review, we summarize recent advances on metabolic interactions among various cell types in the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on how these interactions affect tumor immunity. We also discuss the potential role of blood vessel metabolism in regulating immune cell trafficking and activation.
Sedentary Behavior and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Berger Felix F. , Leitzmann Michael F. , Hillreiner Andrea , Sedlmeier Anja M. , Prokopidi-Danisch Maria Eleni , Burger Maximilian , Jochem Carmen
Published: July 2019

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide, and sedentary behavior is widespread, yet reviews and meta-analyses summarizing the role of sedentary behavior as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer are scarce. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases for relevant articles up to January 2019. We pooled maximally adjusted risk estimates in a random effects model and performed meta-regression meta-analysis, assessed heterogeneity and publication bias using I², funnel plots, and Egger and Begg tests, and conducted sensitivity analyses and influence diagnostics. Data from 12 prospective cohort studies including a total of 30,810 prostate cancer cases were analyzed. We found no statistically significant association between high versus low sedentary behavior and prostate cancer incidence [RR = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99–1.16; P = 0.10]. We noted that adjustment for body mass index (BMI) modified the relation of sedentary behavior to prostate cancer, particularly aggressive cancer. Sedentary behavior was related to a statistically significant increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer in analyses not adjusted for BMI (RR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03–1.43), whereas no association was apparent in BMI-adjusted analyses (RR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.90–1.07), and the difference between those summary risk estimates was statistically significant (Pdifference = 0.02). Sedentary behavior is not independently associated with prostate cancer. However, prolonged sedentary behavior may be related to increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer through a mechanism involving obesity. This finding represents a potentially important step toward considering sedentary behavior as a modifiable behavioral risk factor for aggressive prostate cancer.
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy: Contribution and Limitations of Laboratory Research
Authors: Kern Timothy S. , Antonetti David A. , Smith Lois E.H.
Published: July 2019

Preclinical models of diabetic retinopathy are indispensable in the drug discovery and development of new therapies. They are, however, imperfect facsimiles of diabetic retinopathy in humans. This chapter discusses the advantages, limitations, and physiological and pathological relevance of preclinical models of diabetic retinopathy. The judicious interpretation and extrapolation of data derived from these models to humans and a correspondingly greater emphasis placed on translational medical research in early-stage clinical trials are essential to more successfully inhibit the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in the future.
Psychosis Is Not Illness but a Survival Strategy in Severe Stress: A Proposal for an Addition to a Phenomenological Point of View
Authors: Seikkula Jaakko
Published: July 2019

Phenomenology often looks at psychosis as a defined pathological state. In this paper, psychosis is not seen as a (pathological) state but as a way to respond in extreme stress. It is psychological functioning of the embodied and relational mind, and psychotic experience can be seen as one form of affective arousal among any other affects. Taken the point of views of Emmanuel Levinas and Mikhail Bakhtin about the primacy of living in responsive relationships, psychotic behavior is seen as emerging in relationships that do not guarantee adequate responses and thus the subject is imposed to isolate from social relationships and developing odd behavior. If dialogical responses are guaranteed, recovery from psychotic behavior can occur. Some guidelines for such dialogues are given.
A Novel GNAS Mutation Causing Isolated Infantile Cushing’s Syndrome
Authors: Dejkhamron Prapai , Ittiwut Chupong , TangNgam Hataitip , Sunkonkit Kanokkarn , Natesirinilkul Rungrote , Suphapeetiporn Kanya , Shotelersuk Vorasuk
Published: July 2019

Infantile Cushing’s syndrome is potentially found as part of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) which is caused by postzygotic somatic mutations of the GNAS gene. MAS is typically characterized by a triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait skin pigmentation, and precocious puberty or other endocrine hyperfunction. Here, we describe a 2-month-old female infant with features of Cushing’s syndrome without café au lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, and clinical evidence of other endocrine hyperfunction. Investigations demonstrated adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing’s syndrome with bilateral adrenal gland enlargement. Whole-exome sequencing of leukocytes identified a de novo heterozygous novel missense mutation (c.521G>A, p.Cys174Tyr) in the GNAS gene. The patient experienced clinical improvement of Cushing’s syndrome during ketoconazole treatment. Her clinical course was complicated by Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. She also had shortened activated partial thromboplastin time indicating a hypercoagulable state and resulting in pulmonary embolism. She eventually manifested gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty at the age of 13 months after ketoco­nazole was discontinued. This patient demonstrated that Cushing syndrome can be the presenting sign of MAS in infancy. A high index of suspicion followed by genetic analysis is essential in order to establish a diagnosis.
Craniotomy Size for Subdural Grid Electrode Placement in Invasive Epilepsy Diagnostics
Authors: Schneider Ulf C. , Oltmanns Frank , Vajkoczy Peter , Holtkamp Martin , Dehnicke Christoph
Published: July 2019

Background: Traditionally, for subdural grid electrode placement, large craniotomies have been applied for optimal electrode placement. Nowadays, microneurosurgeons prefer patient-tailored minimally invasive approaches. Absolute figures on craniotomy size have never been reported. To elucidate the craniotomy size necessary for successful diagnostics, we reviewed our single-center experience. Methods: Within 3 years, 58 patients with focal epilepsies underwent subdural grid implantation using patient-tailored navigation-based craniotomies. Craniotomy sizes were measured retrospectively. The number of electrodes and the feasibility of the resection were evaluated. Sixteen historical patients served as controls. Results: In all 58 patients, subdural electrodes were implanted as planned through tailored craniotomies. The mean craniotomy size was 28 ± 15 cm2 via which 55 ± 16 electrodes were implanted. In temporal lobe diagnostics, even smaller craniotomies were applied (21 ± 11 cm2). Craniotomies were significantly smaller than in historical controls (65 ± 23 cm2, p < 0.05), while the mean number of electrodes was comparable. The mean operation time was shorter and complications were reduced in tailored craniotomies. Conclusion: Craniotomy size for subdural electrode implantation is controversial. Some surgeons favor large craniotomies, while others strive for minimally invasive approaches. For the first time, we measured the actual craniotomy size for subdural grid electrode implantation. All procedures were straightforward. We therefore advocate for patient-tailored minimally invasive approaches – standard in modern microneurosurgery – in epilepsy surgery as well.
Editorial
Authors: Miyazaki Silvio Yoshiro Mizuguchi
Published: July 2019

Editorial
Do prestígio e da construção da imortalidade: os Sanjûrokkasen através das três primeiras coletâneas imperiais e Man’yôshû
Authors: Reis Silvia
Published: July 2019

Os Sanjûrokkasen de Fujiwara no Kintô é uma lista intrigante. Com trinta e seis poetas considerados por Kintô como exímios na composição poética, é possível, através da lista dos Sanjûrokkasen vislumbrar indícios da corte na Era Heian. Dado o status de Kintô como poeta e juiz de uta awase, a lista remete, em certa medida, ao imaginário da corte tanto quanto às suas preferências pessoais. Da mesma forma, as coletâneas imperiais nos fornecem evidências sobre quais poetas eram considerados dignos de terem seus poemas escolhidos – seja por talento ou por questões políticas – por seus pares ou gerações seguintes. Assim, tentando entender tal seleção que compõe os Sanjûrokkasen, foi mapeada e analisada a presença destes poetas nas três primeiras coleções imperiais, Kokinshû, Gosenshû e Shûishû, mais Man’yoshu.
Light Mantle: Quantifying Daylight Perception in Edward Hopper’s Spaces
Authors: Osorio-Schmied Emil
Published: July 2019

The spaces represented in Edward Hopper’s paintings are taken as a model by an academic project about light behavior in architecture, the goal of which is to develop a quantitative approach contrastable with the perception of natural light in such paintings. With the support of a physical model and a smartphone as measurement and verification instruments, the author tests the idea that it is possible to establish links between sensory registers and the performance of light in a certain precinct, using as a starting point the question posed by Hopper about the feasibility of light.
A new species of the Stenopodidean shrimp Genus Spongicola (Crustacea: Decapoda: Spongicolidae) representing the first record of the genus from the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: QUINTAL BLADIMIR RODRÍGUEZ , GOY JOSEPH W.
Published: July 2019

A new species of the spongicolid genus Spongicola, S. liosomatus sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on three male specimens and one female specimen collected from off northern Blanquilla Island, Venezuela, Caribbean Sea at a depth of 135–160 m, representing the first species of the genus found in the Atlantic Ocean. It appears closest to S. levigatus Hayashi & Ogawa, 1987, S. teres Komai, 2015 and S. inflatus de Saint-Laurent & Cleva, 1981 in having reduced armature on the body and appendages. However, the unserrated ventral edge of the third pereiopods and the membranous ridges of the first and second pereiopod cutting edges, distinguish the new species from these three species as well as all other members of the genus.
The Weather Roulette: A Game to Communicate the Usefulness of Probabilistic Climate Predictions
Authors: Terrado Marta , Lledó Llorenç , Bojovic Dragana , St. Clair Asun Lera , Soret Albert , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J. , Manzanas Rodrigo , San-Martín Daniel , Christel Isadora
Published: July 2019

Climate predictions, from three weeks to a decade into the future, can provide invaluable information for climate-sensitive socioeconomic sectors, such as renewable energy, agriculture, or insurance. However, communicating and interpreting these predictions is not straightforward. Barriers hindering user uptake include a terminology gap between climate scientists and users, the difficulties of dealing with probabilistic outcomes for decision-making, and the lower skill of climate predictions compared to the skill of weather forecasts. This paper presents a gaming approach to break communication and understanding barriers through the application of the Weather Roulette conceptual framework. In the game, the player can choose between two forecast options, one that uses ECMWF seasonal predictions against one using climatology-derived probabilities. For each forecast option, the bet is spread proportionally to the predicted probabilities, either in a single year game or a game for the whole period of 33 past years. This paper provides skill maps of forecast quality metrics commonly used by the climate prediction community (e.g., ignorance skill score and ranked probability skill score), which in the game are linked to metrics easily understood by the business sector (e.g., interest rate and return on investment). In a simplified context, we illustrate how in skillful regions the economic benefits of using ECMWF predictions arise in the long term and are higher than using climatology. This paper provides an example of how to convey the usefulness of climate predictions and transfer the knowledge from climate science to potential users. If applied, this approach could provide the basis for a better integration of knowledge about climate anomalies into operational and managerial processes.
Evaluating Modeling and Validation Strategies for Tooth Loss
Authors: Krois J. , Graetz C. , Holtfreter B. , Brinkmann P. , Kocher T. , Schwendicke F.
Published: July 2019

Prediction models learn patterns from available data (training) and are then validated on new data (testing). Prediction modeling is increasingly common in dental research. We aimed to evaluate how different model development and validation steps affect the predictive performance of tooth loss prediction models of patients with periodontitis. Two independent cohorts (627 patients, 11,651 teeth) were followed over a mean ± SD 18.2 ± 5.6 y (Kiel cohort) and 6.6 ± 2.9 y (Greifswald cohort). Tooth loss and 10 patient- and tooth-level predictors were recorded. The impact of different model development and validation steps was evaluated: 1) model complexity (logistic regression, recursive partitioning, random forest, extreme gradient boosting), 2) sample size (full data set or 10%, 25%, or 75% of cases dropped at random), 3) prediction periods (maximum 10, 15, or 20 y or uncensored), and 4) validation schemes (internal or external by centers/time). Tooth loss was generally a rare event (880 teeth were lost). All models showed limited sensitivity but high specificity. Patients’ age and tooth loss at baseline as well as probing pocket depths showed high variable importance. More complex models (random forest, extreme gradient boosting) had no consistent advantages over simpler ones (logistic regression, recursive partitioning). Internal validation (in sample) overestimated the predictive power (area under the curve up to 0.90), while external validation (out of sample) found lower areas under the curve (range 0.62 to 0.82). Reducing the sample size decreased the predictive power, particularly for more complex models. Censoring the prediction period had only limited impact. When the model was trained in one period and tested in another, model outcomes were similar to the base case, indicating temporal validation as a valid option. No model showed higher accuracy than the no-information rate. In conclusion, none of the developed models would be useful in a clinical setting, despite high accuracy. During modeling, rigorous development and external validation should be applied and reported accordingly.
State-Federal Vocational Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury: What Predictors Are Associated With Employment Outcomes?
Authors: Ahonle Zaccheus J. , Barnes Marcia , Romero Sergio , Sorrells Audrey M. , Brooks Gene I.
Published: July 2019

This study identified predictors of employment for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data from 4,923 individuals with TBI were extracted from the Rehabilitation Services Administration’s Case Service Report (RSA-911) database. A multiple logistic regression model using demographics, disability-related variables, vocational rehabilitation (VR) service variables, and their interactions correctly classified 69.5% of the cases as successfully employed or not successfully employed. The model explained approximately 27.1% of the variance in employment outcomes. Results indicated that level of education, race/ethnicity, age at application, preemployment status, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), comorbid depression, and case expenditure were significantly associated with employment outcomes (all p ≤ .05). VR variables that showed the most significant positive effect on employment outcomes were on-the-job support, job placement, and on-the-job training. Race/ethnicity moderated the effect of college training, supported employment, transportation, and extended evaluation or work trial assessment services on employment outcomes. The findings have implications for promoting the use of those VR services that are strongly related to employment outcomes for persons with TBI. They also point to the need for rehabilitation personnel to address some of the demographic and disability-related barriers to successful employment.
“That’s My Number One Fear in Life. It’s the Police”: Examining Young Black Men’s Exposures to Trauma and Loss Resulting From Police Violence and Police Killings
Authors: Smith Lee Jocelyn R. , Robinson Michael A.
Published: July 2019

Black males are disproportionately the victims of police killings in the United States, yet few studies have examined their personal narratives of trauma and bereavement resulting from police violence. Informed by critical race theory and stress and coping theory, we used a modified grounded theory approach to conduct and analyze in-depth, semistructured life history interviews with 40 young Black men (aged 18-24 years) in Baltimore, Maryland. Study participants were recruited from a GED and job readiness center serving Baltimore youth. Study results offer a nuanced understanding of the patterning and mental health consequences of police violence for young Black men. Participant disclosures of witnessing and experiencing police violence began in childhood and spanned through emerging adulthood, met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition criteria for trauma exposure, and embodied theoretical conceptualizations of racial trauma. Exposures to police violence fostered distrust of police and informed participants’ appraisals of their vulnerability to police violence across the life course. Six study participants disclosed losing loved ones to police killings. Injustice and hypervigilance accompanied grief. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Contributions of Contemporary Human Temporal Bone Histopathology to Clinical Otology
Authors: Tucci Debara L. , Doherty Joni K.
Published: July 2019

Contemporary techniques have greatly enhanced the contributions of human temporal bone (HTB) histopathology to our understanding of the mechanisms of human otologic disease and disease treatment. Herein, we review some of the most salient contributions of this research to disease management. The field of HTB histopathology is challenged by limited resources as applies to trained investigators, infrastructure, and well‐equipped laboratories. This research provides insights into clinical otology that cannot be obtained by any other means. Measures should be taken to preserve and extend the contributions of HTB research.
Postoperative Opioid Prescribing and Consumption Patterns after Tonsillectomy
Authors: Choo Stephanie , Nogan Stephen , Matrka Laura
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Despite increased concern with the opioid epidemic, literature remains scant regarding narcotic prescription and use following tonsillectomy.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study with telephone interview.

Subject and Methods

A chart review from January to August 2018 evaluated the difference between prescribed amounts of narcotic and patient‐reported usage following tonsillectomy (Current Procedural Terminology codes 42821 and 42826). Patients were excluded if they used opioids for chronic pain, had a history of chronic opioid use or substance abuse, or underwent tonsillectomy to exclude malignancy. A telephone interview assessed opioid and nonopioid usage and pain control postoperatively, including amount and form of narcotics remaining.

Results

Sixty‐four patients were enrolled at a mean 4.47 months after tonsillectomy. The mean ± SD prescribed morphine milligram equivalent (MME) was 456.1 ± 281.7, with only 302.8 ± 206.2 consumed. The mean MME prescribed per day was 74.1 ± 44.8, and average days of narcotic usage postoperatively was 9.6 ± 4.6, correlating with a mean MME per day of 49.2 ± 34.3 if the maximum prescribed dose per day was consumed. Fifty‐four (84.4%) patients reported pain as well controlled. Forty‐three (67.2%) patients reported residual narcotic medication, with 228.1 ± 208.5 MMEs remaining per patient. Narcotic solutions were more completely consumed than tablet forms, with 23.1% and 44.0% remaining, respectively. Patients cited uncertainty about safe disposal and safeguarding for future use as reasons for keeping residual narcotic.

Conclusions

Patient‐reported narcotic use is significantly lower than the amount prescribed after tonsillectomy for benign disease. Providers can use these data to adjust narcotic‐prescribing patterns while maintaining appropriate pain management for patients undergoing tonsillectomy.
Building for the Buddha: Patrons in the Pa-la Kingdom
Authors: Datta Sanjukta
Published: July 2019

In conventional historiography, kings of the Pa-la dynasty are celebrated for upholding the last bastion of Buddhism in early medieval eastern India. The article demonstrates, on the basis of epigraphic evidence, that along with royal patrons, there were other categories of benefactors actively involved in the building and sustenance of Buddhist establishments. In fact, compared to the brief epigraphic history of royal patronage, there is a more sustained record of support provided to Buddhist establishments by subordinate rulers and Buddhist monks in the Pa-la domain. Through a close analysis of two twelfth-century stone inscriptions, an attempt is made to track continuities and changes in the nature of patronage provided by these two categories in a milieu defined by the presence of Buddhist institutions of trans-regional renown and participation of patrons from other realms. By paying attention to the inscriptional vocabulary, the article also highlights a typology of Buddhist monastic establishments within an eastern Indian sector and a range of devotional activities open to donors to acquire religious merit at these centres.
ADC quantification to classify patients candidate to receive bevacizumab treatment for recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Asenjo García Beatriz , Navarro Guirado Félix , Nagib Raya Fátima , Vidal Denis María , Bravo Rodríguez Francisco , Galán Montenegro Pedro
Published: July 2019

Background

Recurrent high-grade gliomas progressing after surgery and temozolomide plus radiation therapy have traditionally been treated using antiangiogenic drugs as the first-line therapy. Since the phase 3 EORTC 26101 trial showed no significant benefit of administering antiangiogenic drugs, the need to identify a biomarker to classify subgroups of potential responders has increased.

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of using apparent diffusion coefficient as a predictor of the response of recurrent high-grade gliomas to bevacizumab or classifier for patients showing better response.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study analyzed magnetic resonance images obtained from 39 patients at the time of high-grade glioma progression who were treated using bevacizumab. The apparent diffusion coefficient maps were quantified and modelled as a mixture of Gaussian functions. The correlation of their descriptors and the time to second progression was studied. Log-rank tests were performed to determine the power of these descriptors as the classifiers for patients exhibiting better survival.

Results

None of the descriptors showed correlation with time to second progression (r < 0.35) but several of them stratified subgroups showing a better time to second progression passing log-rank tests ( P <  0.02).

Conclusion

Apparent diffusion coefficient cannot be used to predict the time to second progression of recurrent high-grade gliomas treated with bevacizumab, but it can stratify groups with better time to second progression distributions.
Mucopenetrating lipoplexes modified with PEG and hyaluronic acid for CD44-targeted local siRNA delivery to the lungs
Authors: Almeida Ana Paula Bernardes , Damaceno Gabrielly Bernardes Rodrigues , Carneiro Antônio Fernando , Bohr Adam , Gonçalves Halisson Ranieri , Valadares Marize Campos , Nascimento Thais Leite , Lima Eliana Martins
Published: July 2019

RNA interfering technology has become a successful strategy for targeted gene silencing through the use of efficient delivery systems. A nanocarrier must be especially designed when considering unusual routes due to RNA instability in biological medium. Lung delivery provides extensive area of absorption and alveolar deposition, non-invasiveness and local action. However, biological barriers such as lung mucus are a great challenge to the efficient delivery of nanocarriers for therapeutic purpose. Here, we studied the diffusion of mucopenetrating lipoplexes (LX) modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the local delivery of siRNA to the lungs. PEG is commonly used for the design of mucus-penetrating nanoparticles, while the combination with HA polymer provides additional selective targeting to lung tumor cells overexpressing CD44 receptors. Cationic liposomes modified with HA and PEG in the respective concentrations of 10 and 15% (w/v) and 5, 10 and 15% (molar ratio) were prepared by ethanol injection and mixed with siRNA molecules for LX formation. Multiple particle tracking (MPT) was performed ex vivo to evaluate the influence of the hydrophilic polymers in the particles movement in fresh human airway mucus. In vivo LX distribution in the lungs of mice was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy after intratracheal administration. LX modified with both polymers showed increasing diffusion with Brownian-like trajectories in mucus samples along with the presence of siRNA. PEG12%/HA15%-LX at the charge ratio ±4:1 were more widely distributed throughout mice lungs. Non-PEGylated HA15%-LX at the charge ratio ±4:1 diffused comparably to PEGylated LX, as opposed to non-modified LX, which were trapped in the mucus. LX interaction with A549 lung cells showed that the presence of HA improved cell uptake despite PEGylation, demonstrating that appropriate particle coating with mucoinert polymers and tuning surface charge compose an efficient strategy for siRNA delivery to CD44-expressing lung cells.
Effects of a slotted diffuser on the aerodynamic performance of a highly loaded centrifugal compressor
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Zhang Yanfeng , Lu Xingen , Han Ge , li Ziliang
Published: July 2019

High-pressure ratio centrifugal compressors usually adopt vaned diffusers to reach high efficiency. Nevertheless, the compressor operating range might be narrow on account of the diffuser stall resulting from the large flow separations in diffuser passages at low flow rates. Flow control techniques, aimed at expanding the compressor operating range, are required to suppress these flow separations. In this paper, the flow control strategy, in terms of the slotted diffuser was used to widen the operating range for a highly loaded centrifugal compressor. The main focus of the research is to address the effects of the slotted diffuser vane on the aerodynamic performance, including the underlay flow physics of the compressor. In the case of the baseline compressor, a large flow separation exists near the pressure surface between the hub and approximately 40% of the span inside diffuser passages over the entire flow range. In addition, flow separation appears at the junction of hub and suction surface at low flow rates, which promotes compressor stall. Therefore, a hub-side slotted diffuser is utilized to mitigate the flow separations inside diffuser passages. Through application of the slotted diffuser, the stall margin is improved a lot without performance decline as a result of the improvement of the flow field within diffuser passages. The flow separation on the suction surface is suppressed by a vortex induced by the leakage flow. Additionally, the flow angle at the diffuser inlet becomes more circumferential owing to the leakage flow passing through the slot; thus, the incidence angle is increased, which results in mitigation of the flow separation at the junction of hub and pressure surface. As a result, a 13.5% stall margin increment is gained in the presence of the slotted diffuser vane.
Dynamic analysis of a ball screw feed system with time-varying and piecewise-nonlinear stiffness
Authors: Gu Jianguo , Zhang Yimin
Published: July 2019

In this study, a single-degree-of-freedom model is established to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a single-nut double-cycle ball screw feed system by considering the contact states of the nonlinear kinematic joints. Based on fully considering the parameters of the ball screw feed system, the axial deformations and forces of the key components are calculated to construct a set of piecewise-nonlinear restoring force functions of the system displacement and worktable position. The variations of the contact stiffnesses of the kinematic joints and transmission stiffness of the system with different boundary conditions are analyzed and the results indicate that they all have abrupt changes when the system displacement reaches a critical value. The changing law of the system transmission stiffness in the whole stoke is discussed. Additionally, the effects of excitation force, worktable position and system mass on the dynamic characteristics of the system and its correlative components are analyzed.
Fast algorithm for calculating the pressure pulsation in a reciprocating compressor system with stepless capacity regulation
Authors: Yang Lanlan , Jia Xiaohan , Qi Haojie , Feng Jianmei , Peng Xueyuan , Wang Zhizhong
Published: July 2019

Stepless capacity regulation through delayed closure of suction valves plays an important role in energy conservation for reciprocating compressors. Serious gas pulsation usually occurs with a suction valve unloader, and its analysis and suppression is a challenge owing to the varied components of the pulsation excitation under different conditions. In this study, a fast algorithm was proposed to calculate the gas pulsation of a compressor system with stepless capacity regulation and was further incorporated into the frequency-domain modeling of the gas pulsation. A test rig was constructed, and the model was experimentally verified. The dynamic pressure at positions in the suction and discharge valve chambers was measured, as the compressor capacity was varied by changing the closing time of the suction valves. The experimental data were compared with the simulated results and indicated a good agreement. The results showed that the suction valve unloader had a negative impact on the gas pulsation in the suction pipeline system. The pressure pulsation of the main excitation frequency increased in the suction pipeline system and decreased in the discharge pipeline, as the opening time of the suction valve increased.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Following Wasp Sting and Successful Treatment With Intratympanic Steroids
Authors: Anyah Anwuli , Visconti Michael , Spoto James
Published: July 2019

Objective:

A sting by a Vespula vulgaris (wasp) should be considered as a cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Although the mechanism of this cause is not well understood, management approach is similar to idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Methods:

We describe a novel case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss encountered at a community otolaryngology clinic. It developed in a 26-year-old man after a sting to the ear canal by a V vulgaris (wasp) species.

Results:

The patient failed to respond to oral steroids, but had complete recovery to normal hearing levels with intratympanic steroids.

Conclusions:

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss can be caused by the sting of a V vulgaris species and may be resolved with the use intratympanic steroids.
The role of leadership in establishing a positive staff culture in a secondary school
Authors: Morris Julia E , Lummis Geoffrey W , Lock Graeme , Ferguson Cath , Hill Susan , Nykiel Annette
Published: July 2019

This Australian case study explored the implementation of strategies to support the development of a positive school culture among whole school staff. A participatory action research approach was used to involve leadership staff in the development of a mixed method assessment of the school organisation. Baseline data from the School Organisational Health Questionnaire ( n = 28) and qualitative data from focus groups ( n = 15) were collected and presented to the leadership team who identified four foci for the study: appraisal and recognition, participative decision-making, professional growth and supportive leadership. After a range of interventions, findings from both post-test surveys ( n = 22) and qualitative data ( n = 30) suggested a change in leadership style was a key factor of school cultural change across all factors. The case study highlights a number of visible strategies that were employed to increase morale and improve staff wellbeing.