bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chrystologia Logosu według Josepha Ratzingera
Authors: Góźdź Krzysztof
Published: February 2023

Logos jest Słowem Przedwiecznym, Sensem wszystkich rzeczy, odwiecznie istniejącym w Synu Bożym. Jest to Logos, który staje się Bogiem-Człowiekiem przez przyjęcie natury ludzkiej. Tak idea grecka Logosu osiąga swoją pełnię dopiero w Logosie wcielonym, w Słowie, które stało się Ciałem. Odtąd Logos nie jest już tylko „sensem”, „myślą” istniejącą poza rzeczami, ale On sam wszedł w ciało i ucieleśnił się, jest Logos incarnatus. Teraz Słowo nie jest już tylko „zastępstwem” kogoś drugiego, cielesnego, lecz złączone z całą rzeczywistością. Tak Logos stworzenia, Logos w człowieku i prawdziwy Logos wcielony, odwieczny Logos – Syn Boży – schodzą się ze sobą.
Hermeneutyka podstawowych pojęć chrystologicznych w teologii Hansa Ursa von Balthasara
Authors: Jóźwik Magdalena
Published: February 2023

Chrystologia Hansa Ursa von Balthasara wydaje się niezrozumiała bez wnikliwej analizy kluczowych dla niej pojęć, do których należą: misja, posłuszeństwo, kenosis, universale concretum. Tylko dzięki przyjrzeniu się misji Jezusa Chrystusa oraz Jego bezwzględnemu posłuszeństwu wydaje się możliwe rozpoznanie w Nim prawdziwego Syna Ojca. Porzucenie postaci Bożej (Flp 2,7), wejście w doświadczenie kenozy, pokazuje radykalizm oddania się woli Posyłającego oraz poddanie działaniu Ducha. Tym samym tajemnica Jezusa Chrystusa staje się niemożliwa do opowiedzenia bez odniesienia do Misterium Trinitas, a także bez uwzględnienia wydarzenia Paschy. Ostatecznie jednak dopiero kategoria chrystologiczna, jaką jestuniversale concretum, pozwala zobaczyć, że „prawdziwie Ten był Synem Bożym” (Mt 27,54).
Wymagająca Miłość. Wybrane aspekty teologii Bożego Ojcostwa w przesłaniu Jana Pawła II do młodzieży
Authors: Owsianka Monika
Published: February 2023

Tłem niniejszych badań są dwie wielkie sprawy. Pierwszą z nich, w perspektywie bliższej, jest kanonizacja papieża Jana Pawła II (27 kwietnia 2014 r.). Drugą – w perspektywie dalszej – stanowi ogłoszony już przez papieża Franciszka i planowany w Krakowie Światowy Dzień Młodzieży w 2016 roku. Oba wydarzenia scala osoba papieża Polaka; oba są adresowane do ludzi młodych. W tym kontekście warto więc skierować uwagę na przesłanie Jana Pawła II do młodzieży – przesłanie, w którym Bóg Ojciec jawi się jako Wymagająca Miłość.
Zachodni kamień węgielny pod chalcedoński drogowskaz kierujący ku tajemnicy Boga i człowieka
Authors: Zatwardnicki Sławomir
Published: February 2023

Sobór w Chalcedonie każe wyznawać Chrystusa nie „z” dwóch natur, ale „w” dwóch naturach. Zawdzięczamy to określenie „diofizyckiej” chrystologii Leona Wielkiego. Dzięki papieskiej myśli człowieczeństwo Chrystusa zostało afirmowane. Chalcedoński drogowskaz prowadzi nie tylko w głąb misterium Chrystusa, ale wtórnie również ku tajemnicy człowieka.
Czy "Ogólne wprowadzenie do Mszału rzymskiego z 1969 zawierało niekatolicką definicję Mszy św.?
Authors: Mielnik Dawid
Published: February 2023

Definicja Mszy św. zawarta w siódmym punkcie Ogólnego wprowadzenia do Mszału rzymskiego spotkała się z silnym sprzeciwem ze strony niektórych środowisk przywiązanych do tradycyjnego nauczania Kościoła. Definicji zarzucano odejście od typowo katolickiej terminologii oraz tworzenie jej pod wpływem środowisk protestanckich. W świetle przeprowadzonych w niniejszym opracowaniu analiz należy stwierdzić, że słuszność oskarżenia o niekatolicki charakter definicji Mszy św. jest uzależniona od przyjętej metodologii. Jeżeli podchodzi się do definicji od strony analizy komponentów rzeczywistości liturgii w rozumieniu systemu katolickiego, oskarżenie o niekatolicki charakter jest niesłuszne. Jeżeli jednak podchodzi się do definicji od strony precyzacji terminologicznej z powodu różnic w rozumieniu tej samej rzeczywistości przez różne konfesje chrześcijańskie, zarzut jest jak najbardziej zasadny.
Termin "substancja" w trynitologii
Authors: Lipniak Jarosław
Published: February 2023

Tematem artykułu jest rozumienie terminu „substancja” w trynitologii. Zagadnienia związane z substancją Boga i każdej z Osób będą rozpatrywane w innych artykułach. W każdej religii substancja Boga ma w sobie personalność. W chrześcijaństwie jest to personalność troista. Z tego względu termin „substancja” otrzymuje nowe znaczenie. W dziejach teologii chrześcijańskiej rozwijano zagadnienie powiązania jednej substancji Boga z trzema różnymi Osobami. Nurt ortodoksyjny, podkreślający ich autonomię, akcentował też odrębność stworzeń od Stworzyciela. Nurt myśli niwelujący różnice między Osobami skłonny był też do zacierania różnic między substancją Boga i substancją świata. W całości myśli teologicznej ważne jest to, aby ogólny termin „substancja” był rozumiany w kontekście całości zagadnień. Termin ten, jak i każdy inny, ma swoje własne znaczenie, ale też ma różne znaczenia w zależności od kontekstu. W trynitologii substancja Boga jest jednocześnie jedna i troista.
Comorbid Description and Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio in COVID-19 Patients (Suspect and Confirmed Patients)
Authors: Widada Subrata Tri , Martsiningsih Marta Atik , Supriyanta Bambang , Sistiyono  , Suyana  , Nuryani Siti , Setiawan Budi , Sulistyowati Dwi , Muji Rahayu
Published: February 2023

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a laboratory available as a marker used for the evaluation of systemic inflammation, NLR is a significant predictor and is a critical prognosis for COVID-19 infection and can serve as a useful factor to reflect the intensity of the imbalance of inflammation and immune response in COVID-19 patients. This study aims to determine the difference in NLR values in negative and confirmed COVID-19 patients and description for comorbid for both. This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study sample was 423 suspected COVID-19 patients at hospitals in Cilacap district for the period in March – October 2020. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and using the fisher-exact test. In these results from suspected patients with negative COVID-19, lung illness were present 31.8%, viral infections 22.9%, other respiratory disorders 6.1%, diabetes mellitus 4.7%, and anemia 4.7%. Whereas suspected patients with confirmed COVID-19 were, without comorbid diseases (40.2%), lung disease (12.4%), diabetes mellitus (7.7%), hypertension (6.2%), and other respiratory illnesses (5.2%). The mean of NLR in confirmed patients is 3.57 but not any difference between negative and confirmed patients COVID-19, but there’s any a relationship between NLR and ARDS conditions.
Zasadność nowych środków ochrony osób doznających przemocy domowej
Authors: Różycka Aleksandra
Published: February 2023

This analysis concerns the special importance of the measures protecting victims of domestic violence in the places of their residence, taking account of the difficulties with housing provision in Poland. Inability to guarantee security of victims living on the same premises as the perpetrator, combined with a deficit of other affordable residential properties on the free market and the weakness of the public housing support system, can result in two scenarios. The first of them materializes when the victim leaves the home. This decision often involves multiple changes of the whereabouts, that is, additional destabilization for the victims within the family, while the perpetrator of violence keeps living on the premises. On the other hand, staying on the same property with the perpetrator makes it impossible to take reasonable measures to stop the violence, for fear of its escalation. Therefore, the most efficient way to interrupt the vicious circle of violence is to isolate the perpetrator from the victim. A review of the instruments that should serve this purpose in the Polish legal system leads to the conclusion that none of them guarantee security for victims in the long run, because they operate in combination with the initiation and consistent application of criminal procedures. And, as demonstrated by the statistics quoted in the article, the majority of domestic violence victims do not decide to apply criminal solutions against their family members. Meanwhile resorting to eviction under civil law involves a long waiting time before the perpetrator is actually isolated, which constitutes an additional threat for persons threatened by violence in their own homes. In this context the article describes examples of efficient administrative and civil law solutions which are successfully applied in other countries as more befitting the particularities of family relationships. At the end the author lists the common features of instruments of this kind, suggesting the framework within which the postulated measures should fit if they were to be used in the context of violence posing a direct threat to health or life. She also indicates that implementation of such instruments could help increase the use of dedicated forms of support by the victims and make the whole system of counteracting domestic violence more efficient.
Propozycja nowelizacji art. 175 § 1 Kodeksu postępowania karnego
Authors: Pohl Łukasz
Published: February 2023

The article presents a proposal to amend the Polish Code of Penal Procedure of 1997 so that no doubts arise on the basis of its interpretation that the accused is not entitled to give false explanations, including false explanations. This proposal was based on the interpretation of art. 175 § 1 of the indicated code, which was implemented according to the derivative concept of the interpretation of law. Relying on this concept makes it clear that the norm authorizing the accused to provide explanations is a norm subordinated to the norm – the principle of art. 2 § 1 item 1 of the Code of Penal Procedure, which results in the necessity to limit its subject to submitting only true explanations. This result is also supported at the stage of application of functional directives of interpretation, in which the directive which refers to the purpose of a normative act plays an important role. In the proposed amendment to the article formulated in the article 175 § 1 of the Code of Penal Procedure it was also decided to emphasize the legal consequence of the accused giving false explanations, considering that the right solution was to give the court the possibility of their negative assessment in the process of mitigating the sentence.
Zasada ochrony zaufania obywateli do państwa i do stanowionego przez nie prawa jako dyrektywa poprawnej legislacji
Authors: Węglińska Justyna
Published: February 2023

This article aims to demonstrate the superior position of the principle of protection of citizens’ trust in the state and the law it makes with respect to other principles of appropriate legislation stemming from Article 2 of the Constitution of Poland. This article presents the concept of principles of appropriate legislation as well as the genesis and legal basis of the titular principle. Importantly, this paper underscores the role of the principle of protection of citizens’ trust in the state and the law it makes in the case law of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal. The aim of this article was realized by using the formal and dogmatic method as well as axiological and historical methods of research (the latter as an auxiliary method).
Ucieczka z zakładu poprawczego – przestępstwo czy tylko przewinienie dyscyplinarne?
Authors: Poniatowski Piotr
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of legal qualification of escape from a reformatory. The author considers the problem from the point of view of disciplinary and criminal liability. He points out that while disciplinary liability in such a case raises no doubts, opinions vary on the possibility of qualifying an escape from a reformatory as a criminal offence of self-liberation under Article 242 (1) of the Criminal Code [CC]. The author accepts the minority view that placing a person in a reformatory constitutes ‘deprivation of liberty’ as referred to in Article 242 (1) CC, therefore a person who liberates him- or herself (escapes) from such a facility commits a prohibited act (criminal offence).
Projekt kodeksu cywilnego wielkiej dynastii Qing (1907-1911) jako pierwsza w historii próba kodyfikacji prawa cywilnego w Chinach
Authors: Kisiel Olga
Published: February 2023

Przejawem zmian zachodzących w Chinach na przełomie XIX i XX w. było przeprowadzenie szeregu reform prawnych, które doprowadziły do wydania aktów normatywnych w ramach różnych gałęzi prawa. W tym okresie nastąpił szczególny rozwój prawa cywilnego, którego przepisy zostały wyodrębnione z kodeksu karnego. W prezentowanej publikacji dokonano przekładu na język polski przepisów projektu kodeksu cywilnego wielkiej dynastii Qing z lat 1907-1911 w Chinach oraz ich analizy dogmatyczno-prawnej pod kątem wskazania podobieństw i różnic względem niemieckiego kodeksu cywilnego BGB z 1896 r., który stanowił główny wzorzec wprowadzanych rozwiązań. W publikacji przedstawiono genezę kodyfikacji prawa cywilnego w Chinach, systematykę projektu oraz wybrane regulacje normatywne zawarte w pierwszych trzech księgach kodeksu. Wskazano wzorowane na zachodniej kodyfikacji cywilnej instytucje i instrumenty prawne, które skutecznie zostały wprowadzone do chińskiego porządku prawnego, ale również rozwiązania, które nie były dostosowane do chińskiej rzeczywistości, praktyki lub różnic na gruncie kulturowym.
An Investigation into the Development of Convergence Engineering
Authors: Lipscomb Michael , Tanik Murat , Jololian Leon
Published: February 2023

Domain-diverse research, that research which involves more than one domain of knowledge, has driven significant advances in science and technology. Recent interest has been shown in the United States for identifying and generalizing techniques for promoting success with such work. In this paper, an exemplar history of domain-diverse research is presented. Next, several forms of domain-diverse research are identified. A spotlight is cast on a particular type, known as “convergence”. Convergence is a problem-solving approach that focuses on integrating the life sciences and medicine on the one hand, with the physical sciences and engineering on the other. Next, the design process is proposed as an organizing framework for domain-diverse teamwork. Finally, the need for research and training in the forming and running of such project groups is explored.
Microstructure of Brain Nuclei in Early Parkinson’s Disease: Longitudinal Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging
Authors: Welton Thomas , Hartono Septian , Shih Yao-Chia , Lee Weiling , Chai Pik Hsien , Chong Say Lee , Ng Samuel Yong Ern , Chia Nicole Shuang Yu , Choi Xinyi , Heng Dede Liana , Tan Eng-King , Tan Louis C.S. , Chan Ling-Ling
Published: February 2023

Background:

Diffusion kurtosis imaging provides in vivo measurement of microstructural tissue characteristics and could help guide management of Parkinson’s disease.

Objective:

To investigate longitudinal diffusion kurtosis imaging changes on magnetic resonance imaging in the deep grey nuclei in people with early Parkinson’s disease over two years, and whether they correlate with disease progression.

Methods:

We conducted a longitudinal case-control study of early Parkinson’s disease. 262 people (Parkinson’s disease: n = 185, aged 67.5±9.1 years; 43% female; healthy controls: n = 77, aged 66.6±8.1 years; 53% female) underwent diffusion kurtosis imaging and clinical assessment at baseline and two-year timepoints. We automatically segmented five nuclei, comparing the mean kurtosis and other diffusion kurtosis imaging indices between groups and over time using repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation with the two-year change in Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III.

Results:

At baseline, mean kurtosis was higher in Parkinson’s disease than controls in the substantia nigra, putamen, thalamus and globus pallidus when adjusting for age, sex, and levodopa equivalent daily dose ( p < 0.027). These differences grew over two years, with mean kurtosis increasing for the Parkinson’s disease group while remaining stable for the control group; evident in significant “group ×time” interaction effects for the putamen, thalamus and globus pallidus ([Formula: see text]= 0.08–0.11, p < 0.015). However, we did not detect significant correlations between increasing mean kurtosis and declining motor function in the Parkinson’s disease group.

Conclusion:

Diffusion kurtosis imaging of specific grey matter structures shows abnormal microstructure in PD at baseline and abnormal progression in PD over two years.
The adolescent behavioral index: Identifying students at risk for disengagement in high school
Authors: Rifenbark Graham G. , Lombardi Allison R. , Freeman Jennifer , Morningstar Mary E.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Proposed frameworks of college and career readiness include aspects of school climate perceptions and behavioral engagement. School climate initiatives emphasize the importance of healthy learning environments; while behavioral indicators tend to be used to identify students at-risk for disengagement, established early warning systems include few, if any, behavioral indicators. A promising and useful screening mechanism that combines behavioral indicators along with school climate perceptions may enhance identification of adolescents at risk for disengagement, academic failure, and dropout, and may ultimately improve college and career readiness. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported adolescent perceptions of school climate and extant high school academic and behavioral data to create an index score which could be used as an early warning system for student disengagement. METHODS: To accomplish the stated objective, we employed structural equation modeling to estimate a multiple indicators multiple causes model using a sample of high school students (n = 5039) with and without disabilities. Extant school data included grade point average, attendance, tardies, and office discipline referrals, while school climate was measured using the Georgia Brief School Climate survey. RESULTS: Findings show evidence of a robust Adolescent Behavioral Index when controlled for disability status as those with disabilities are expected to have lower index scores indicating greater risk for school disengagement. CONCLUSION: Implications for research and practice are focused on the Adolescent Behavioral Index as a mechanism for systematic data collection that may underlie early warning systems in high schools specifically when designing college and career readiness interventions for adolescents and when identifying students who may be at risk for disengagement.
Mixed methods implementation evaluation of virtual interview training for transition-age autistic youth in pre-employment transition services
Authors: Sherwood Kari , Smith Matthew J. , Ross Brittany , Johnson Jeffery , Harrington Meghan , Blajeski Shannon , DaWalt Leann , Bishop Lauren , Smith Justin D.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Autistic transition-age youth are employed at rates far lower than their non-disabled peers as well as youth with other disabilities. Meanwhile, very few studies have evaluated the implementation of job interviewing practices within pre-employment transition services. OBJECTIVE: We conducted an initial implementation evaluation as part of a Hybrid Type 1 randomized controlled effectiveness-implementation trial where we trained teachers to deliver Virtual Interview Training for Transition-Age Youth (VIT-TAY) within five pre-employment transition services programs. METHOD: We used mixed methods to evaluate leader (n = 5), teacher (n = 15) and autistic transition age youth (n = 48) perceptions of VIT-TAY. We used descriptive statistics and thematic network analysis to evaluate survey data. Mixed methods integration was then performed to make comparisons between quantitative and qualitative results. RESULTS: Quantitative survey data revealed that leaders and teachers found VIT-TAY to be highly acceptable and appropriate for pre-employment transition services; findings which were confirmed via thematic network analysis of qualitative interview data. Autistic students reported via quantitative surveys that VIT-TAY was acceptable and usable, which was confirmed via thematic network analysis of open-ended survey data. CONCLUSION: This initial implementation evaluation can be used to inform a larger scale implementation evaluation of VIT-TAY in schools.
Effects of postsecondary education on employment outcomes of youth with specific learning disabilities: A propensity score matching approach
Authors: Li Jian , Rumrill, Phillip D. , Iwanaga Kanako , Zhang Han , Chan Fong , Strauser David G.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Helping young adults with specific learning disabilities (SLD) attend college increases their chances of joining the workforce, which helps protect them from the negative effects of unemployment. OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether receiving vocational rehabilitation (VR) services of four-year college or university training would lead to improved employment outcomes for young adults with SLD. METHODS: Using the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA)-911 database, a propensity score matching technique was employed to create a comparison group of young adults with SLD who did not receive college or university training for a treatment group of those who did. The quasi-experimental design investigated differences in the employment outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS: Findings revealed that the group who received college or university training was more likely to obtain competitive employment upon exit from the VR program than the matched comparison group who did not receive the training; youth with SLD who received college or university training and had secured competitive employment at the time of exit also had significantly higher hourly wages and weekly working hours than their counterparts in the comparison group. CONCLUSION: College and university training is positively related to employment outcomes for young people with SLD. Implications for state VR counselors are also discussed.
Access, retention, and effectiveness of Individual Placement and Support in the U.S.: Are there racial or ethnic differences?
Authors: Bond Gary R. , Mascayano Franco , Metcalfe Justin D. , Riley Jarnee , Drake Robert E.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Increased federal attention to advancing racial equity and support for underserved communities suggests the need for data on racial and ethnic differences in evidence-based employment services for people with serious mental illness. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based model of supported employment for this population. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to identify differences based on race and ethnicity in IPS services. METHODS: This narrative review examined the empirical literature on IPS services in the U.S., assessing evidence of differences in access, retention, and effectiveness for Black and Hispanic IPS clients, relative to non-Hispanic Whites. RESULTS: We identified 12 studies examining racial and ethnic differences in access (4 studies), retention (3 studies), and effectiveness (6 studies). The findings for access to IPS were mixed, with two studies showing no differences, one finding less access for Blacks, and another finding greater access for Blacks but less access for Hispanics. Three studies found better retention rates for clients enrolled in IPS regardless of race or ethnicity. Compared to clients receiving usual vocational services, all studies found better employment outcomes for IPS clients regardless of race or ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Unlike for most of health care, few racial and ethnic differences have been found for IPS employment services in the U.S. Access to IPS is inadequate for all groups, with conflicting evidence whether Blacks and Hispanics have even less access. Based on the available evidence, Black and Hispanic clients have comparable retention and employment outcomes in IPS as non-Hispanic White clients. State and local mental health leaders responsible for monitoring IPS outcomes should routinely report statistics on race and ethnicity. They should also give active attention to client needs and equity. Research designs should answer multifaceted questions regarding disparities for historically underserved populations.
A scoping literature review of transition-related research involving youth with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Rumrill Stuart P. , Rumrill Phillip , Gooden Caroline , Leslie Mykal J. , Ju Hyun-Ju , Cormier Aundrea Gee
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Owing to steadily increasing rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children, youth, and adults, it is certain that growing numbers of these individuals will need transition and vocational rehabilitation (VR) services for many years to come. ASD research has focused on identifying employment barriers rather than on effective interventions to remove or reduce those barriers. Even so, some evidence has demonstrated support for the effectiveness of specific transition-related interventions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the existing literature regarding transition and employment for youth with ASD. METHOD: We begin with an overview of the clinical characteristics of ASD and its incidence and prevalence in the U.S. Then, we examine vocational issues facing individuals with ASD. RESULTS: The remainder of the article focuses on transition and VR implications with specific emphases on (a) interdisciplinary transition planning, (b) postsecondary educational supports and services, and (c) employment interventions. CONCLUSION: ASD is a high-incidence disability that presents significant service delivery and advocacy needs for young people with ASD and their families. Evidence-based employment interventions are available to help young people with ASD make smooth transitions to adulthood in the settings of their choice.
Deep learning image reconstruction for quality assessment of iodine concentration in computed tomography: A phantom study
Authors: Jeon Pil-Hyun , Lee Chang-Lae
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:

Recently, deep learning reconstruction (DLR) technology aiming to improve image quality with minimal radiation dose has been applied not only to pediatric scans, but also to computed tomography angiography (CTA).

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate image quality characteristics of filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction [Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction 3D (AIDR 3D)], and DLR (AiCE) using different iodine concentrations and scan parameters.

METHODS:

Phantoms with eight iodine concentrations (ranging from 1.2 to 25.9 mg/mL) located at the edge of a cylindrical water phantom with a diameter of 19 cm were scanned. Data were reconstructed with FBP, AIDR 3D, and AiCE using various scan parameters of tube current and voltage using a 320 row-detector CT scanner. Data obtained using different reconstruction techniques were quantitatively compared by analyzing Hounsfield units (HU), noise, and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs).

RESULTS:

HU values of FBP and AIDR 3D were constant even when the iodine concentration was changed, whereas AiCE showed the highest HU value when the iodine concentration was low, but the HU value reversed when the iodine concentration exceeded a certain value. In the AIDR 3D and AiCE, the noise decreased as the tube current increased, and the change in noise when the iodine concentration was inconsistent. AIDR 3D and AiCE yielded better noise reduction rates than with FBP at a low tube current. The noise reduction rate of AIDR 3D and AiCE compared to that of FBP showed characteristics ranging from 7% to 35%, and the noise reduction rate of AiCE compared to that of AIDR 3D ranged from 2.0% to 13.3%.

CONCLUSIONS:

The evaluated reconstruction techniques showed different image quality characteristics (HU value, noise, and CNR) according to dose and scan parameters, and users must consider these results and characteristics before performing patient scans.
Impacto psicológico de la pandemia por COVID-19 en adultos mayores de Argentina
Authors: Cervigni Mauricio , Martino Pablo , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Barés Ignacio , Calandra Manuel , Gallegos Miguel
Published: February 2023

El objetivo fue evaluar las variables psicológicas en adultos mayores de Argentina durante la pandemia por COVID-19, e identificar predictores psicológicos del miedo a la COVID-19. Participaron 198 adultos mayores de Rosario, Argentina (Medad= 66.6 años, DE=4,8). Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Medical Outcomes Study- Social SupportSurvey, Purpose in life Test y Fear of COVID-19 Scale. El 25.1% y el 19.1% presentaron diagnóstico potencial de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y episodio depresivo mayor, respectivamente, el 71.4% suficiente apoyo social y el 40.8% propósito de vida indefinido. El miedo a la COVID-19 presentó correlación negativa con propósito de vida y apoyo social, y correlación positiva, con ansiedad y depresión. El propósito de vida predijo el miedo a la COVID-19 (β =-.229, t =-3.38, p =.001). Se requieren políticas estatales para mitigar y contener los efectos subjetivos del aislamiento en población mayor.
The state policy of Kazakhstan in the space industry: from the implementation of development programs to the formation of the institutional memory of the industry
Authors: Medeuov Zh.
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the state policy of Kazakhstan in the field of space activities. The author identifies three elements that traditionally underpin public policy in Kazakhstan. The first element is the state's participation in the industry, which can be in an active or passive phase, depending on the existence of a valid state development program. The second element is the legal framework that regulates relations between all current and potential industry participants. The third element is institutional development, the presence of production infrastructure, organizations, and human capital employed in the industry and emerging activities, established practices, and procedures. The author uses a conceptual approach that assumes that the state, among all possible actors in the space industry and plays a decisive role in it, including due to such a factor as techno-politics, that is, the use of technological and scientific achievements of space in national construction. For this reason, the article is mainly focused on the analysis of state development programs implemented in the space industry over the years of independence. The evolution of the goals and objectives of public policy, its correlation with external risks and opportunities, the results achieved, and the remaining problems are traced. The current global trends in the development of the industry, which challenge the space industry in Kazakhstan, are noted. It is concluded that now, the space industry of Kazakhstan has not achieved its strategic goals – to reach the level of commercial projects with a steady demand for the services provided.
Sacred space of the Irtysh region: historical memory and national identity
Authors: Rakhimov M. , Turlybekova A.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of the revival of historical memory and national identity, and the study of sacred places in the Irtysh region. The main purpose of the article is to provide information about sacred places forgotten because of the former Soviet totalitarian system. Using the well-known Marxian expression “religion is the opium of the people”, the Soviet authorities adopted it to radically destroy the religious consciousness, and the traditional belief system of the Kazakh people and pursued an ideological policy against the established religious outlook of the people. As a result of the atheistic policy of the authoritarian government, the traditional spiritual system of the Kazakh people was destroyed, the names of saints were ignored, sanctuaries were closed, and national identity was in danger of disappearing. Therefore, during the political processes, to preserve the ethnic identity and national self-consciousness of the Kazakh people, they were emasculated, in the conditions of the proclaimed ideological setting for the construction of a single "Soviet nation". We believe that the restoration of the memory of the period when the historical thread broke, the revival of the past is a reality born of the demands of the time. The article comprehensively analyzes the historical and cultural role of the sacred objects of the Irtysh region. In general, field materials in the Irtysh region show that the ritual of pilgrimage to the holy places is an integral part of Kazakh society. Therefore, the process of artificial elimination of this phenomenon in the daily life of the Kazakh people will not bring any good. In this article, the authors, based on ideological, ethnographic, and toponymic data, locate the sacred places of the Irtysh region, and show their historical and cultural significance.
«Orbulak battle»: myths and facts
Authors: Atygayev N.
Published: February 2023

A huge influence on the internal and external political situation of the Kazakh Khanate was exerted by the militant Mongol-speaking tribes of Kalmaks (Oirats), who in the 17th century. founded the "last nomadic empire" (V.V. Bartold) of Central Asia - the Dzungar Khanate. The article deals with issues related to the battle of the Kazakh-Uzbek troops with the troops of the Dzungar Khanate in 1643, which is known in modern literature as the "Battle of Orbulak". As a result of the study, the author states the presence in the scientific and popular science literature of a number of myths regarding this battle. According to historical materials, this year the Kazakh ruler Zhangir, at the head of a small squad, heroically stopped the advance of the Dzungar army to the Kazakh lands. Later there was a major battle of the already united Kazakh-Uzbek army with an enemy many times greater in number. In this battle, the united army of the Turkic peoples under the leadership of the Kazakh Khan Zhangir and the Uzbek rulers won a brilliant victory. However, these events did not take place in the Orbulak area in Zhetysu, as is commonly believed in modern Kazakh historiography. They probably took place in the vicinity of Tashkent, as indicated in "Silsilat as-salatin". This explains the quick approach of the Uzbek troops to help the Kazakhs. Also, the participation in this battle of such Kazakh batyrs as Shaprashty Karasai, Argyn Argyntai, Alshyn Zhiembet, Kanly Sarbuk, Naiman Kekserek, Dulat Zhansygul, Suan Eltindy is not confirmed by historical materials. The materials for this article were published documents of the 17th century Russian-Mongol relations, the records of medieval Muslim historians, the results of special research works and others.
Analysis of national corporate governance models from a value approach
Authors: Ashimova R. , Nessipbekov E.
Published: February 2023

The article gives a description of the main national models of corporate governance, explores the main mechanisms of their functioning. A comparative analysis of the individual components of these models made it possible to discover their similarities and differences, as well as advantages and disadvantages. Based on the identified characteristics, a comparative table was built on the key criteria of corporate governance based on the cost approach. The differences between the studied models revealed during the study made it possible to characterize their specificity and uniqueness, as well as to study their applicability in Kazakhstani conditions. In addition, an assessment was made of the formation and development of the Kazakhstani model of corporate governance, identified shortcomings and opportunities for its further development. Based on the findings of the study, some promising areas of development for the Kazakhstani model of corporate governance are proposed. The results of the study may be of interest to researchers, teachers, doctoral students and undergraduates engaged in research in the field of corporate management.
Restart of production: behavioral the economy in a pandemic
Authors: Taikulakova G. , Dyusembayeva G.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to topical issues of the development of the national economy in the context of the pandemic period. The authors present an attempt to prove the need to transform production to digital rails. The most significant factors that negatively affect the growth of production in a crisis are selected, a diagram of cause-and-effect relationships and a cyclical-factor spiral of consistently effective influence on the level of macroeconomic indicators are developed. The scientific problem is the decline of domestic production under the influence of these factors. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals on the need to rebalance and restart production and transition to digital technologies. To solve the scientific problem, the main working hypotheses were put forward, which were verified and confirmed by the results of mathematical analysis, regression and correlation methods of indicators, and the construction of EMM. The experimental study used hypotheticaldeductive methods, methods of analysis and synthesis of indicators, classification, comparison of indicators in the dynamics of trend analysis. The urgent need to reset the mental consciousness in the behavioral economy of business entities, as well as the rebalancing of the country’s industrial complex, currently remains a priority, because the risk of a crisis with new mutations of strains generates a long-term perspective of negative processes.
Promotion of tourist services in the Republic of Kazakhstan based on the marketing research
Authors: Baimbetova A. , Beisenbayev A. , Abdykulova K.
Published: February 2023

The article considers the main factors influencing the promotion of tourist services. The authors analyzed the current methodology of tourism marketing. The authors determined the relevance of studying issues that hinder the development of tourism in Kazakhstan. In this regard, there are often analyzed infrastructure barriers. However, the article focuses on consumer preferences and values in the field of tourism, which have become the subject of research. Its scientific basis is the study and implementation of marketing tools. In this regard, there are five types of generations that have different values, worldviews, and consumption styles, who live at the same time. The authors analyzed generations X and Y in the marketing research. They are people between the ages of 18 and 62, who represent a significant segment of tourists and travelers. Marketing research was conducted in stages. Specific marketing tools will contribute to the development of tourism in the region and contribute to the development of domestic tourism.
Analysis of the effectiveness of PPP projects in the Akmola region
Authors: Reidolda S. , Berzhanova A. , Azylkanova S.
Published: February 2023

The article presents an analysis of the composition, structure and correlation and regression analysis of the dynamics of public-private partnership projects in the Akmola region, implemented in the period from 2017 to 2020. The purpose of the study is to identify during what period there was a change in the number of projects and the reasons for their change, as well as the impact on the development of the region by conducting dynamic-structural and correlation-regression analysis of PPP projects implemented in the Akmola region. In the course of the study, methods of comparative analysis, analysis of dynamic series, calculation of relative indicators, comparison, correlation-regression, variance analysis and forecasting were used. As a result of the analysis of the Akmola region for the period from 2017 to 2020, 76 projects were presented in general, of which only 52 projects are being implemented. In comparison with the republican level, the submitted projects in the Akmola region amount to 5.58%. Also in 2018, the most projects were implemented, i.e. 27 projects and an increase of 3.5 times compared to 2017. Of the main industries considered, it was revealed that the largest number of projects were implemented in the healthcare sector, and its share was 4.3%. At the same time, a minimal project has been implemented in the field of agriculture and its share amounted to 0.08%. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient between GRP and attracted PPP investments in education is 0.6 and in other industries is 0.57. According to the results of regression analysis, there is an average close relationship between the studied performance indicator and the factor indicator, and since the value of R2 is less than 0.6, the model may be nonlinear. The value of the indicator F is 0.75, and the value P is greater than 0.05 for performance and factor indicators, therefore, factor indicators do not have a significant impact on the performance indicator. In conclusion, the projects implemented in the Akmola region are concluded on the basis of trust management of state property and other contracts, therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the application of other types of contracts provided for by law, as well as to the provision of projects in the field of industry, agriculture and utilities and attracting investments in these industries.
Assessment of logistics efficiency and value of supply chains on the way of the New Silk Road countries in the context of the "Belt - Road" megaproject
Authors: Samiyeva G. , Koichubayev A. , Tolysbaev B.
Published: February 2023

The relevance of this article is determined by the significance of the strategic initiative "Belt - Road (BR)" both for the world economy as a whole and for the development of the countries directly included in this project. This article explores the impact of the BR Initiative on strengthening investment relations between Central Asia and China. The authors revealed that the implementation of the initiative is provided by the financial structures (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Asian Development Bank, Silk Road Fund, foreign direct investment of China), as well as bilateral agreements in the economic, investment and cooperation. The BR initiative was established by the PRC and supported in the Republic of Kazakhstan by Elbasy N.A. Nazarbayev in 2013. Nowadays BR initiative continuing in Kazakhstan as a political course by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K. Tokayev. It has been proved for implementation as essential project for development of transport and logistics infrastructure, has a positive impact for diversification of logistics routes for the supply of Chinese goods to the European market, and aimed at increasing the volume of trade and economic cooperation of all countries of Central Asia and China.
Trends in digitalization and development of e-commerce in the field of service and tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Amangozhayeva A. , Petrichsheva N. , Pralieva S.
Published: February 2023

The article considers the main directions of digitalization of tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Tourism is a priority area for the success of economies around the world. The development of the tourism industry has a positive effect on increasing the economic indicators of the host country, contributes to the creation of many jobs in various industries, develops infrastructure and promotes cultural exchange between foreigners and local residents. Digitalization has not left any segment of the tourist ecosystem untouched. The tourism industry is at the forefront of digital innovation and continues to rapidly transform around the world. The article also analyzes the main changes in the tourism sector for 2020-2021 in connection with measures to counter the spread of COVID-19. One of the most important results of the process of digital transformation of the tourism sector in the post-crisis period is the offer of more affordable services using a convenient and affordable online service.
Az embertársakba vetett bizalom
Authors: Grünhut Zoltán , Bodor Ákos
Published: February 2023

A tanulmány az embertársakba vetett bizalom elméleti alapjait vázolja fel. A jelenség nem újszerű a bizalomkutatás terén, hiszen az ismeretlen mások felé érzett bizalom mind teoretikus, mind empirikus értelemben régóta vizsgált problémakör. Ami miatt újragondolása mégis indokolt, az elsősorban korunk változó világával, a késő modernitás előrehaladásával és a globalizáció felgyorsulásával magyarázható, amely folyamatok megváltoztatták az embertársainkhoz fűződő tapasztalatainkat és viszonyainkat. Az írás kiindulópontja a szituatív bizalomelméletek kritikája, amely kétségbe vonja, sok esetben egyenesen értelmetlennek tartja azt az állítást, hogy az egyén bizalommal lehet ismeretlen embertársaihoz. Az érvelés rámutat arra, hogy a szituatív bizalomelméletek miként értik félre a bizalommutatási hajlandóság és a bizalomérzés közötti alapvető különbséget, s miért következik mondanivalójukból, ha alaposan végiggondoljuk azokat, hogy az egyéneknek mégiscsak általában viszonyulniuk kell valahogyan, több vagy kevesebb bizalommal embertársaikhoz. Az írás második része átfogóan tárgyalja ezen emocionális viszonyulást, annak kialakulását, illetve hatását az egyén személyiségére, gondolkodásmódjára, bizalommutatási hajlandóságára. A tanulmány utolsó harmada kifejti, miért fontos, hogy az embertársakba vetett bizalom esetében markánsan megkülönböztessük az azonossággal való együvé tartozást és a mássággal való összetartozást, s miért az utóbbi az, amelynek a szakirodalomban eddig tárgyaltakhoz képest sokkal jelentőségteljesebb szerepet kell szánni az ismeretlen másokhoz való viszonyulás megértése tekintetében.
The distributional impacts of the COVID-19 crisis and policy response in Russia
Authors: Freije S. , Matytsin M. S. , Popova D. O.
Published: February 2023

The outbreak of COVID-19 has had severe negative economic impacts on households and businesses in Russia. Russia’s GDP declined by 2,7% in 2020. To mitigate the adverse impacts of the pandemic, in March—June 2020 the govern- ment implemented a number of fiscal and social policy measures aimed at support- ing businesses, employment and incomes of vulnerable groups of the population. This paper presents the results of the impact assessment of the COVID-19 crisis and the related policy interventions on the income distribution and poverty in Russia in 2020. The analysis is based on the tax-benefit microsimulation model for Russia, which allows for assessing the redistributive effects of direct and indirect taxes and transfers in Russia at the federal and regional levels. We find that the net effect of the crisis and policy interventions was strongly progressive at the bottom of the income distribution and equalizing across regions.
Economics of banks and financial markets (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2022)
Authors: Sonin K. I.
Published: February 2023

The article provides a brief introduction to the research on banks and finan- cial crises, for which the 2022 Nobel prize in economic sciences was awarded. Forty years ago, the works of Diamond and Dybvig highlighted the critical role banks play in maturity transformation and explained why this role makes banking crises a natural byproduct, thus providing a theoretical basis for modern banking regulation. The concurrent work by Bernanke on the Great Depression, the worst peace-time economic crisis in mature market economies, demonstrated that banks’ closures were a critical factor in making the depression so deep and prolonged.