bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionic Hydrogel‐Based Moisture Electric Generators for Underwater Electronics
Authors: Shen Daozhi , Li Fangzhou , Zhao Jian , Wang Rui , Li Bin , Han Zechao , Guo Linglan , Han Peicheng , Yang Dongqi , Kim Hyun Ho , Su Yanjie , Gong Zhixiong , Zhu Limin
Published: September 2024

Ubiquitous moisture is of particular interest for sustainable power generation and self‐powered electronics. However, current moisture electric generators (MEGs) can only harvest moisture energy in the air, which tremendously limits the energy harvesting efficiency and practical application scenarios. Herein, the operationality of MEG from air to underwater environment, through a sandwiched engineered‐hydrogel device with an additional waterproof breathable membrane layer allowing water vapor exchange while preventing liquid water penetration, is expanded. Underwater environment, the device can spontaneously deliver a voltage of 0.55 V and a current density of 130 µA cm−2 due to the efficient ion separation assisted by negative ions confinement in hydrogel networks. The output can be maintained even under harsh underwater environment with 10% salt concentration, 1 m s−1 disturbing flow, as well as >40 kPa hydraulic pressure. The engineered hydrogel used for MEG also exhibits excellent self‐healing ability, flexibility, and biocompatibility. As the first demonstration of practical applications in self‐powered underwater electronics, the MEG device is successfully powering a wireless emitter for remote communication in water. This new type of MEG offers an innovative route for harvesting moisture energy underwater and holds promise in the creation of a new range of innovative electronic devices for marine Internet‐of‐Things.
Associations between psychosocial factors and long‐term opioid use among injured workers receiving early opioids
Authors: Elmore Andrea , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah , Arewasikporn Anne , Haight John R. , Franklin Gary M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Long‐term opioid use is related to numerous harms and has uncertain efficacy for chronic, non‐cancer pain. Identification of individuals at risk for long‐term opioid use can help support treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to determine psychosocial factors associated with opioid use 6 months after a work‐related injury.

Methods

This was a prospective observational cohort study incorporating surveys and administrative data. Eligibility included a workers' compensation claim for an injury between June 2019 and September 2021, no opioid use within 3 months before injury, and opioid use within 6 weeks after injury. The outcome was self‐reported opioid use at the 6‐month follow‐up survey (no use, use some days, or use most or every day). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to calculate relative risk ratios (RRRs) for associations between self‐reported psychosocial factors and long‐term opioid use.

Results

Of the 1724 respondents, 301 (17.5%) reported taking long‐term opioids on some days and 87 (5.0%) reported taking long‐term opioids on most or every day. After adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical covariates, workers reporting work fear‐avoidance had a higher relative risk of opioid use most or every day, versus no opioid use at the 6‐month survey, compared to those without work fear‐avoidance (RRR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.08, 3.50). Anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and recovery expectations were not associated with long‐term opioid use after covariate adjustment.

Conclusions

Work fear‐avoidance was associated with long‐term opioid use in this study of injured workers. Addressing fears surrounding an injury and returning to work may help deter reliance on long‐term opioids.
Living Cell‐Mediated Catalyst‐Free Spontaneous Polymerization of Zwitterionic Methacrylates for Preparation of Probiotic‐Loaded Hydrogels
Authors: Li Yuke , Huang Yiming , Gao Zhiqiang , Song Gang , Lv Fengting , Bai Haotian , Wang Shu
Published: October 2024

Living cell‐mediated polymerization offers promising applications in biomaterials, yet its further biological utilization is hindered by the need for metal ions or radical initiators with available methods. In this study, we introduce a living cell‐mediated polymerization that leverages the intrinsic metabolic activities of living cells to initiate and sustain free radical polymerization of zwitterionic methacrylates. The polymerization proceeded in the absence of transition metal catalysts, radical initiators, or light sources. The conversion of zwitterionic methacrylate strongly correlated with cellular activities and achieved a maximum conversion of 98 % within 48 hours. Living cells efflux redox power across membranes through metabolism and that terminal electron fluxes are captured by zwitterionic methacrylates pre‐assembled on the living cell surface to initiate radical polymerization reactions. The polymerization caused significant changes to the cell membrane surface and synthesized hydrogels with tailored mechanical properties. The polymer hydrogel obtained via probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 was able to release the in situ encapsulated molecules, which demonstrated living cell‐mediated polymer hydrogel as a vehicle for the delivery of both cellular and molecular therapeutic agents. This research offered a green and efficient method for synthesizing bioactive materials and advancing the field of cellular therapeutics and drug delivery.
Stabilisation of Bromenium Ions in Macrocyclic Halogen Bond Complexes
Authors: Docker Andrew , Kuhn Heike , Beer Paul D.
Published: October 2024

Halenium ions (X+) are highly reactive electron deficient species that are prevalent transient intermediates in halogenation reactions. The stabilisation of these species is especially challenging, with the most common approach to sequester reactivity through the formation of bis‐pyridine (Py) complexes; [(Py)2X]+. Herein, we present the first example of a macrocyclic stabilisation effect for halenium species. Exploiting a series of bis‐pyridine macrocycles, we demonstrate that preorganised macrocyclic ligands stabilise bromenium cations via endotopic complexation, impressively facilitating the isolation of a bench stable ‘Br+ NO3−’ species. Solid state X‐ray crystallographic structural comparison of macrocyclic Br(I) complexes with Ag(I) and Au(I) analogues provides insightful information concerning similarities and stark contrasts in halenium/metal cation coordination behaviors. Furthermore, the first chemical ligand exchange reactions of Br(I) complexes are reported between acyclic [(Py)2Br]+ species and a bis‐pyridine macrocyclic donor ligand which importantly highlights a macrocycle effect for halenium cation stabilisation in the solution phase.
Selective Methylation of Cyclic Ether Towards Highly Elastic Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Silicon‐based Anodes
Authors: Ma Zhihao , Ruan Digen , Wang Dazhuang , Lu Zongbin , He Zixu , Guo Jiasen , Fan Jiajia , Jiang Jinyu , Wang Zihong , Luo Xuan , Ma Jun , Zhang Ze , You Yezi , Jiao Shuhong , Cao Ruiguo , Ren Xiaodi
Published: October 2024

Silicon (Si)‐based anodes offer high theoretical capacity for lithium‐ion batteries but suffer from severe volume changes and continuous solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) degradation. Here, we address these challenges by selective methylation of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL), thus shifting the unstable bulk polymerization to controlled interfacial reactions and resulting in a highly elastic SEI. Comparative studies of 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane (2MDOL) and 4‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane (4MDOL) reveal that 4MDOL, with its larger ring strain and more stable radical intermediates due to hyperconjugation effect, promotes the formation of high‐molecular‐weight polymeric species at the electrode‐electrolyte interface. This elastic, polymer‐rich SEI effectively accommodates volume changes of Si and inhibits continuous side reactions. Our designed electrolyte enables Si‐based anode to achieve 85.4 % capacity retention after 400 cycles at 0.5 C without additives, significantly outperforming conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes. Full cells also demonstrate stable long‐term cycling. This work provides new insights into molecular‐level electrolyte design for high‐performance Si anodes, offering a promising pathway toward next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries with enhanced energy density and longevity.
KCl supported by γ‐Al2O3 for selective adsorption of gaseous oxidized mercury: Preparation and adsorption mechanism
Authors: Tong Jiangyi , Li Haiyang , Jin Rui , Liu Xiaoshuo , Hu Haitao , Duan Yufeng , Ma Xiuyuan , Zhong Li , Han Lipeng
Published: September 2024

The separation of Hg0 and HgCl2 with selective adsorbents is crucial for mercury speciation detection. KCl is commonly used but has a limited surface area, a short lifespan, and an unclear mechanism for Hg0/HgCl2 adsorption. Hence, KCl supported by γ‐Al2O3 to create a high‐surface‐area selective adsorbent to enhance practical performance was proposed and the selective adsorption mechanisms of Hg0 and HgCl2 through experimental investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were elucidated. Compared to the total breakthrough of pure KCl, that of KCl/γ‐Al2O3 exhibits markedly selective adsorption efficacy on HgCl2, with a nearly complete breakthrough rate on Hg0 at a KCl‐to‐γ‐Al2O3 molar ratio of 1, attributed to their favorable porosity and dispersed active sites. The DFT results verify a weak van der Waals force between KCl and Hg0, indicating physisorption, while covalent bonding occurs between KCl and HgCl2, suggesting chemisorption. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) identifies two crystalline surfaces of 001 and 011 on the developed adsorbent. This clarifies three stable adsorption configurations: 001 Top‐Cl, 011 Top‐Cl, and 011 Cl–Cl bridge, with adsorption energies of −87.11, −110.74, and −174.91 kJ/mol, respectively. Analyses of the electronic structure and interaction region indicator (IRI) reveal that the Hg atom within HgCl2 forms covalent bonds with unsaturated Cl atoms on the KCl surface. Additionally, integrated crystal orbital Hamilton population (ICOHP) analysis and electron transfer results demonstrate that the interaction strength of the three configurations with HgCl2 follows the order of 011 Cl–Cl bridge > 011 Top‐Cl > 001 Top‐Cl. This matches the three different temperature peaks of 276, 231, and 120°C, respectively, in the analysis of the temperature‐programmed desorption of HgCl2 (HgCl2‐TPD). This study offers a novel insight on mercury speciation partitioning between Hg0 and HgCl2.
Luminescence properties of Sr2Ga2GeO7:Bi3+ phosphors and temperature sensing characteristics of co‐doped Sm3+
Authors: Wan Jiangyun , Wu Haoyi , Li Yanmei , Chen Yonglin , Peng Chaoyue , Chen Geng , Hu Yihua
Published: October 2024

As one of the fundamental physical quantities, temperature is extremely important in various fields. In order to study the temperature sensing characteristics of dual‐emitting center phosphors, Bi3+‐doped and Bi3+/Sm3+‐doped Sr2Ga2GeO7 phosphors were synthesized by high‐temperature solid‐phase method. Under 312 nm excitation, the Sr2Ga2GeO7:Bi3+ phosphor exhibits a blue broadband emission corresponding to the 3P1 → 1S0 transition of Bi3+ ions. By testing the temperature change spectrum of phosphors, it was found that Bi3+ exhibited strong thermal sensitivity. However, due to the fact that single ion doped phosphors are easily affected by other factors when applied to the field of temperature sensing, based on the thermal sensitivity of Bi3+, Sm3+ with low temperature sensitivity was selected as the co‐doped ion, and it was found that the two ions had different thermal quenching characteristics when the temperature change spectrum was tested. Using the temperature detection method based on the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of the dual emission centers, it was found that the best absolute sensitivity Sa was 3.125% K−1 and the maximum relative sensitivity Sr was 1.275% K−1 in the range of 303–423 K. These results show that Sr2Ga2GeO7:Bi3+/Sm3+ phosphors have broad application prospects in the field of optical temperature sensing.
Evidence driven indoor air quality improvement: An innovative and interdisciplinary approach to improving indoor air quality
Authors: Lovrić Mario , Gajski Goran , Fernández‐Agüera Jessica , Pöhlker Mira , Gursch Heimo ,   The EDIAQI Consortium, Borg Alex , Switters Jon , Mureddu Francesco
Published: October 2024

Indoor air pollution is a recognized emerging threat, claiming millions of lives annually. People are constantly exposed to ambient and indoor air pollution. The latest research shows that people in developed countries spend up to 90% of their time indoors and almost 70% at home. Although impaired Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) represents a significant health risk, it affects people differently, and specific populations are more vulnerable: children, the elderly, and people with respiratory illnesses are more sensitive to these environmental risks. Despite rather extensive research on IAQ, most of the current understanding about the subject, which includes pollution sources, indoor–outdoor relationships, and ventilation/filtration, is still quite limited, mainly because air quality monitoring in the EU is primarily focused on ambient air quality and regulatory requirements are lacking for indoor environments. Therefore, the EDIAQI project aims to improve guidelines and awareness for advancing the IAQ in Europe and beyond by allowing user‐friendly access to information about indoor air pollution exposures, sources, and related risk factors. The solution proposed with EDIAQI consists of conducting a characterization of sources and routes of exposure and dispersion of chemical, biological, and emerging indoor air pollution in multiple cities in the EU. The project will deploy cost‐effective/user‐friendly monitoring solutions to create new knowledge on sources, exposure routes, and indoor multipollutant body burdens. The EDIAQI project brings together 18 organizations from 11 different European countries that provide interdisciplinary skills and expertise in various fields, including environmental science and technology, medicine, and toxicology, as well as policy design and public engagement.
Exploring the anticancer mechanism of cardiac glycosides using proteome integral solubility alteration approach
Authors: Qin Wenjie , Deng Yinhua , Ren Huan , Liu Yanling , Liu Ling , Liu Wenhui , Zhao Yuxi , Li Chen , Yang Zhiling
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Cardiac glycosides (CGs), traditionally used for heart failure, have shown potential as anti‐cancer agents. This study aims to explore their multifaceted mechanisms in cancer cell biology using proteome integral solubility alteration (PISA), focusing on the interaction with key proteins implicated in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function.

Methods

We conducted lysate‐based and intact‐cell PISA assays on cancer cells treated with CGs (Digoxin, Digitoxin, Ouabain) to analyze protein solubility changes. This was followed by mass spectrometric analysis and bioinformatics to identify differentially soluble proteins (DSPs). Molecular docking simulations were performed to predict protein‐CG interactions. Public data including gene expression changes upon CG treatment were re‐analyzed for validation.

Results

The PISA assays revealed CGs’ broad‐spectrum interactions, particularly affecting proteins like PKM2, ANXA2, SLC16A1, GOT2 and GLUD1. Molecular docking confirmed stable interactions between CGs and these DSPs. Re‐analysis of public data supported the impact of CGs on cancer metabolism and cell signaling pathways.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that CGs could be repurposed for cancer therapy by modulating cellular processes. The PISA data provide insights into the polypharmacological effects of CGs, warranting further exploration of their mechanisms and clinical potential.
A Comprehensive Quality Evaluation for Gentiana Rigescens Franch. by Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Li Chaoping , Zhu Xinyan , Shen Tao , Wang Yuanzhong , Zhang Rongping
Published: October 2024

Gentiana rigescens Franch. (G. rigescens) is a unique traditional medicinal herb from southwestern China, and its clinical mechanism for the treatment of hepatitis and the quality differences between different origins are not clear. The research aims to analyze the mechanisms for the treatment of hepatitis and differences in inter‐origin differences using analytical techniques, chemometrics, and network pharmacology. Through infrared spectroscopy, spectral images, and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, it was found that there were differences in absorbance intensity and significant differences in compound content among the samples’ origin. G. rigescens iridoids and flavonoids exert therapeutic effects on hepatitis through multiple targets (GAPDH, EGFR, and MMP9, etc.) and multiple pathways (non‐small cell lung cancer, hepatitis C, etc.). The above HPLC, chemometrics, and network pharmacology results revealed that gentiopicroside, and swertiamarine was the best quality marker among origins. The accuracy of the ResNet model train, test, and external validation sets for synchronous spectral images were 100 %, which could be utilized as an effective tool for tracing G. rigescens's origins. The R2 of the calibration and validation sets of the PLSR model was higher than 0.70. This model had excellent predictive performance in determining the content of gentiopicroside and swertiamarine, and could quickly, accurately, and effectively predict these two compounds. The research investigates the differences in G. rigescens origins from multiple perspectives, establishes image recognition models and prediction models, and provides new methods and theoretical basis for quality control of G. rigescens.
Anxiolytic and Anticonvulsant Potential of Biosynthetic Limonene Derivatives in Adult Zebrafish
Authors: Cavalcante Rafaela Mesquita Bastos , Ferreira Maria Kueirislene Amâncio , Wlisses da Silva Antonio , Mendes Francisco Rogenio da Silva , Guimarães Lemos Cecília , Bezerra Maciel Jéssica , Rocha Cavalcante Thaís , Silva Marinho Emmanuel , Alencar de Menezes Jane Eire Silva , dos Santos Helcio Silva
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects and safety profile of limonene enantiomers and their oxidized derivatives. The toxicity test was performed by monitoring the animals for 96 hours, with no deaths or significant toxicity observed up to the highest dose, which allowed the determination of the LD50. Doses of 4, 20 and 40 mg/kg were tested, with no toxicity observed up to 96 h (LD50>40 mg/kg). Anxiolytic activity was measured in a preference test for light and dark areas, and the effect of the compounds was evaluated in the presence of serotonergic antagonists. The (S)‐(−)‐LIM and (R)‐(+)‐LIM enantiomers showed anxiolytic effects, with (S)‐(−)‐LIM being effective at all doses. In the anticonvulsant test, the oxidized derivatives, such as perilyl acid (PAC), significantly delayed PTZ‐induced seizures, an effect blocked by flumazenil (FMZ). The oxidized derivatives, especially perilyl acid (PAC), showed anxiolytic effects at all doses and significantly delayed the three PTZ‐induced seizure events. This effect was blocked by FMZ, suggesting a relationship between PAC and the GABAergic pathway. PAC, being the most oxidized derivative, was the most effective for both anxiety and delaying seizure progression, suggesting that oxidation of limonene compounds may increase their therapeutic efficacy.
Predictors of recurrent restenosis after repeat drug‐coated balloon therapy for drug‐coated balloon restenosis in femoropopliteal lesions: Results of the RECURRENCE study
Authors: Yanagiuchi Takashi , Fukai Kuniyoshi , Sogabe Koji , Iwasaki Yoshihiro , Hirano Keita , Kato Taku , Yokoi Hirokazu , Zen Kan , Matoba Satoaki
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite the widespread use of drug‐coated balloons (DCBs) for femoropopliteal (FP) lesions, there is still no consensus on treatment strategies for DCB restenosis. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for recurrent restenosis after repeat DCB therapy for DCB restenosis in FP lesions.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective study assessed 1176 consecutive limbs in 860 patients who successfully received initial DCB therapy for FP lesions at four cardiovascular centers between May 2018 and December 2022. Among these patients, 118 consecutive limbs of 104 patients treated via repeat DCB for primary DCB restenosis were enrolled.

Results

The Kaplan–Meier estimate of freedom from recurrent restenosis was 74.6% at 1 year. Cox proportional hazard multivariate analysis revealed that recurrent restenosis was independently associated with the time from initial DCB to primary restenosis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–0.92; p < 0.001), history of ≥2 endovascular therapies (EVTs) (HR, 3.11; 95%CI, 1.36–7.12; p = 0.007), and PACSS grade 3 or 4 (HR, 2.76; 95%CI, 1.15–6.63; p = 0.023). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of the time from initial DCB to primary restenosis to prevent recurrent restenosis was 12.6 months, with an area under the curve of 0.841 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Repeat DCB therapy for DCB restenosis might be an acceptable strategy, particularly for restenosis that occurred more than 12.6 months after initial DCB, given the rate of freedom from recurrent restenosis.
Intestinal ischemia: A rare and less common complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy—A case report and literature review
Authors: Ghamari Mohammad Javad , Beyzaii Hamed , Bahraminejad Behnoush , Mesbah Narges , Sobhani Ahmadreza , Mirsadeghi Ali
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

Patients with a history of persistent mesenteric ischemia should not undergo laparoscopy. Mesenteric ischemia must be kept in mind for patients who develop nonspecific abdominal symptoms following laparoscopic surgeries.

During laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), the rise in Intra‐Abdominal Pressure due to carbon dioxide insufflation can reduce blood flow through splanchnic vessels, potentially leading to intestinal ischemia. A 72‐year‐old woman with a history of diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and hyperlipidemia underwent LC. She was discharged but readmitted 4 days later due to peritonitis. Ischemic jejunum loops were found during surgery.
Breastfeeding experiences among young breast cancer survivors: A survey study
Authors: Sella Tal , Sorouri Kimia , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Loucks Maggie , Kirkner Gregory , Snow Craig , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Gelber Shari I. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Schapira Lidia , Borges Virginia F. , Come Steven E. , Warner Ellen , Partridge Ann H.
Published: September 2024

Background

Following breast cancer (BC), many young women are interested in future childbearing and some may wish to breastfeed. However, limited information is available regarding their lactation experiences.

Methods

Participants in the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study, a multicenter, prospective cohort study of women ≤40 years diagnosed with stage 0–III BC between 2006–2016 and who reported one or more live births following diagnosis, were surveyed about pregnancy and breastfeeding after BC treatment, including reasons for attempting and stopping breastfeeding, satisfaction, and supports.

Results

Of 143 eligible women sent a survey, 115 responded and 94 were included in the analytic cohort. Breastfeeding was attempted by 55% of women (52 of 94). Among those who had not attempted, 93% noted prior bilateral mastectomies (39 of 42). Among those who attempted breastfeeding, 69% had undergone lumpectomy and radiotherapy (36 of 52), 83% of whom reported no milk production from their treated breast (30 of 36). Most (65%, 34 of 52) were at least somewhat satisfied with their ability to breastfeed. Reasons for stopping breastfeeding included: having completed the planned duration (36%, 19 of 52); to start/resume endocrine therapy (21%, 11 of 52); and to resume breast imaging (8%, 4 of 52). Approximately half (27 of 55) of women who had not undergone bilateral mastectomies recalled receiving specific information about breastfeeding after BC, mostly from the oncology team (59%, 16 of 27), online resources (48%, 13 of 27), or a lactation consultant (44%, 12 of 27).

Conclusion

Most young BC survivors who attempted to breastfeed were able to and were satisfied with the experience, despite challenges. Specific resources to support BC survivors who wish to breastfeed are needed.
Photosensitizer‐Free Benzo[1,4]oxazin‐2‐one Synthesis by Continuous‐Flow Photochemistry
Authors: Park Eunhui , Tambe Shrikant D. , Lee Jongbok , Cho Eun Jin
Published: October 2024

We report a photosynthetic method for producing 2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐2‐ones from aryl azides and α‐ketoacids. This method is highly sustainable, requiring only visible light irradiation of the substrates and no external additives. Furthermore, we implemented a continuous‐flow system to achieve efficient light irradiation and rapid mixing, significantly improving reaction efficiency and reducing reaction time compared to the batch process. The flow system enabled gram‐scale synthesis. We also demonstrated the utility of the products, by employing the benzo[1,4]oxazin‐2‐one moiety as a directing group for C−H activation on the 3‐aryl substituent. This green approach highlights the potential for developing environmentally friendly synthetic processes.
Reversibly Crosslinked Polyurethane Fibres from Sugar‐Based 5‐Chloromethylfurfural: Synthesis, Fibre‐Spinning and Fibre‐to‐Fibre Recycling
Authors: Warlin Niklas , Gonzalez Maria Nelly Garcia , de Menezes Rafael N. L. , Karajos Andras , Olsson Emma , Almqvist Caroline , Sayed Mahmoud , Mankar Smita V. , Valsange Nitin G. , Abdelaziz Omar Y. , Hulteberg Christian P. , Bäcklund Fredrik G. , Guo Zengwei , Rehnberg Nicola , Lundmark Stefan , Hatti‐Kaul Rajni , Jannasch Patric , Zhang Baozhong
Published: October 2024

The development of recyclable crosslinked thermosetting fibres is a challenging research topic. In the present work, we have designed and synthesized polyurethane fibres from fructose‐derived 5‐chloromethylfurfural (CMF) and lignin‐derived monomeric phenols. The greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of CMF showed comparable results to that of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a high potential sugar‐based platform molecule. The wet‐spun biobased polyurethane fibres produced could be conveniently crosslinked using Diels–Alder chemistry to effectively enhance the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties. At a mildly elevated temperature (140 °C), the chemically crosslinked fibres could be effectively de‐crosslinked, which enabled complete separation from a mixture with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and cotton fibres. These results outline a potential strategy to design and fabricate new biobased fibres with reversible crosslinking, which may enable fibre‐to‐fibre recycling.
Efficacy and safety of intravenous thiamylal in sedation for colonoscopy in children
Authors: Ozaka Sotaro , Takahashi Haruhiko , Shimomori Yuta , Kagoshima Yomei , Terashi Shohei , Tsutsumi Koshiro , Sagami Ryota , Hirashita Yuka , Fukuda Kensuke , Ogawa Ryo , Kodama Masaaki , Murakami Kazunari , Mizukami Kazuhiro
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Since a standard sedation protocol for pediatric colonoscopy (CS) has not been established, evidence on optimal sedative agents is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thiamylal in sedation for pediatric CS compared to midazolam.

Methods

Children from 7 to 16 years of age who underwent CS under sedation with intravenous thiamylal or midazolam at our hospital between June 2010 and March 2024 were included in this retrospective observational study. The primary outcome was the efficacy (success rate of CS without mid‐awakening) of the drugs. Meanwhile, the secondary outcomes were the sedation level during CS, procedure time, recovery time, and adverse events related to sedation.

Results

Sixty children were included in the study. The success rate of CS without mid‐awakening was significantly higher in the thiamylal group (90.6%) than in the midazolam group (64.3%; p = 0.03). The two groups had no significant differences in median sedation depth, procedure time, or recovery time. Adverse events related to sedation in thiamylal group (22%) and midazolam group (25%) were similar. No severe adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

Intravenous thiamylal provides effective and safe sedation in children requiring CS, with little or no mid‐awakening during the procedure.
High‐Resolution Longitudinal eDNA Metabarcoding and Morphological Tracking of Planktonic Threats to Salmon Aquaculture
Authors: Algueró‐Muñiz María , Spatharis Sofie , Dwyer Toni , de Noia Michele , Cheaib Bachar , Liu Yee Wan , Robertson Brendan A. , Johnstone Calum , Welsh Jennifer , Macphee Annabell , Mazurkiewicz Marta , Bickerdike Ralph , Migaud Hervé , McGhee Clara , Præbel Kim , Llewellyn Martin
Published: October 2024

Salmonid aquaculture, a major component of the Northern European, North American, and Chilean coastal economies, is under threat from challenges to gill health, many of which originate from plankton communities. A first step toward mitigating losses is to characterize the biological drivers of poor gill health. Numerous planktonic taxa have been implicated, including toxic and siliceous microalgae, hydrozoans, and scyphozoans; however, rigorous longitudinal surveys of plankton diversity and gill health have been lacking. In the current study, we present and assess an exhaustive identification approach combining both morphological and molecular methods together with robust statistical models to identify the planktonic drivers of proliferative gill disease (PGD) and fish mortality. We undertook longitudinal evaluation at two marine aquaculture facilities on the west coast of Scotland using daily data collected during the 2021 growing season (March–October). Examining these two different sites, one sheltered and one exposed to the open sea, we identified potentially new, important, and unexpected planktonic drivers of PGD and mortality (e.g., doliolids and appendicularians) and confirmed the significance of some established threats (e.g., hydrozoans and diatoms). We also explored delayed or “lagged” effects of plankton abundances on gill health and undertook a comparison of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding and microscopy in their ability to identify and quantify planktonic species. Our data highlight the diversity of planktonic threats to salmonid aquaculture as well as the importance of using both molecular and morphological approaches to detect these. There is now an urgent need to expand systematic longitudinal molecular and morphological approaches across multiple sites and over multiple years. The resultant catalogue of main biological drivers will enable early warning systems, new treatments, and, ultimately, a sustainable platform for future salmonid aquaculture in the marine environment.
Neural correlates of pain acceptance and the role of the cerebellum: Functional connectivity and anatomical differences in individuals with headaches versus matched controls
Authors: Vasiliou Vasilis S. , Konstantinou Nikos , Christou Yiolanda , Papacostas Savvas , Constantinidou Fofi , Heracleous Eleni , Seimenis Ioannis , Karekla Maria
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite functional connectivity network dysfunction among individuals with headaches, no studies have examined functional connectivity neural correlates and anatomical differences in coping with headaches.

Methods

This study investigated inter‐individual variability in whole‐brain functional connectivity and anatomical differences among 37 individuals with primary headaches and 24 age‐ and gender‐matched controls, and neural correlates of psychological flexibility (PF) that was previously found to contribute to headache adjustment. Participants (84% women; M headache severity = 4/10; M age = 43 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and completed questionnaires to examine global and subnetwork brain areas, and their relations with PF components, controlling for age, gender, education, and head‐motion.

Results

Seed and voxel‐based contrast analyses between groups showed atypical functional connectivity of regions involved in pain matrix and core resting‐state networks. Pain acceptance was the sole PF component that correlated with the cerebellum (x, y, z: 28, −72, −34, p‐false discovery rate <0.001), where individuals with headaches showed higher grey matter density compared to controls.

Conclusions

The cerebellum, recently implicated in modulating emotional and cognitive processes, was indicated to process information resembling what individuals do when practicing pain acceptance. Our findings establish for the first time this connection of the cerebellum and its role in pain acceptance. We propose that pain acceptance might be a behavioural biomarker target that could modulate problematic headache perceptions and brain networks abnormalities.

Significance

This study highlights the potential use of emerging behavioural biomarkers in headache management, such as pain acceptance, and their role in modifying the headache experience. Notably, grey matter reorganization in the cerebellum and other known brain pain networks, could indicate brain networks that can be modified from targeted behavioural interventions to help decode the nociplastic mechanisms that predominates in headaches.
Module‐Based Supercapacitors: Potential Energy Storage Solutions for Large‐Scale Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Zheng Bowen , Liu Chang , Pan Mingming , Gong Feixiang , Xu Xu , Wang Xuchen , Zhao Liye
Published: September 2024

Intermittency is an inherent characteristic of photovoltaic (PV) power generation and results in high ramp rates of the generated power. This article explores the feasibility of integrating supercapacitors at the PV module level, aiming to reduce the power fluctuations of PV systems and control the power ramp rate into the power grid. First, an equivalent circuit model of a single‐phase grid‐connected PV system based on module‐based supercapacitors is proposed, and a power ramp rate control scheme is established. Then, experimental setups for a single‐phase grid‐connected PV system based on module‐based supercapacitors are implemented, and the computational model is verified through experiments. Finally, using the verified computational model and the proposed control scheme, the module‐based supercapacitor sizes for different PV system sizes (PV module, rooftop, small system, large system) that meet specific ramp rate requirements under different ramp rate limits (5, 10, 15% min−1) are compared. Case studies show that large‐scale PV systems with geographical smoothing effects help to reduce the size of module‐based supercapacitors per normalized power of installed PV, providing the possibility for the application of modular supercapacitors as potential energy storage solutions to improve power ramp rate performance in large‐scale PV systems.
Comparative analysis of LAB and non‐LAB fermented millet drinks fortified with Chlorella sp.
Authors: Joseph Bilna , Bhavadharani M. , Lavanya M. , Nivetha S. , Baskaran N. , Vignesh S.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the expanding domain of functional beverages crafted from plant‐based milk alternatives. In this study, a total of eight different fermented drinks fortified with beneficial Chlorella sp. and probiotics including Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIM 5775) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) drinks were developed using barnyard millet as the base ingredient due to its rich protein and high‐fibre content in comparison with the other millets in the market. Results revealed that the protein content increases by 2% upon the addition of Chlorella sp., among bacterial samples, with Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented Unflavoured drink (LRFFD) > Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented flavoured drink > Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented with Chlorella sp. > LRFM, and among yeast samples, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented Unflavoured drink (SCFUFD) > Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented with Chlorella sp. > Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented flavoured drink (SCFFD) > SCFRM, indicating higher protein content than in typical fermented drink. Fat content was notably low across all samples. Ash and fibre content ranged from 0.23 to 0.27 g and 0.22 to 0.35 g, respectively, for both bacterial and yeast fermented drink. Millet is generally considered a carbohydrate‐rich grain. When fermented, some of the carbohydrates may be broken down by the fermentation process. So, the carbohydrate content was low in fermented millet drink when compared to the nonfermented drink. Energy values varied, with LRFFD and SCFFD containing the highest energy due to incorporation of Chlorella sp. and chocolate flavour. Both LAB and yeast‐fermented drinks demonstrated effective antioxidant activity, with higher total phenolic content, except for non‐Chlorella sp. beverages. GC‐MS analysis identified constituents like hexadecenoic acid and hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF) with anticarcinogenic and anti‐inflammatory properties. Additionally, these samples exhibited elevated antimicrobial activity against test strains. Sensory analysis indicated a preference of SCFFD and LRFFD sample for its good taste as it contains chocolate flavour and the overall acceptability of bacterial fermented beverage was higher compared to the yeast fermented drinks. Therefore, a fermented millet beverage was successfully obtained by the coculture of LAB and Saccharomyces cerevisiae incorporated with Chlorella sp. could increase the product's functional properties.
A Mixed‐Effect Kernel Machine Regression Model for Integrative Analysis of Alpha Diversity in Microbiome Studies
Authors: Li Runzhe , Li Mo , Zhao Ni
Published: October 2024

Increasing evidence suggests that human microbiota plays a crucial role in many diseases. Alpha diversity, a commonly used summary statistic that captures the richness and/or evenness of the microbial community, has been associated with many clinical conditions. However, individual studies that assess the association between alpha diversity and clinical conditions often provide inconsistent results due to insufficient sample size, heterogeneous study populations and technical variability. In practice, meta‐analysis tools have been applied to integrate data from multiple studies. However, these methods do not consider the heterogeneity caused by sequencing protocols, and the contribution of each study to the final model depends mainly on its sample size (or variance estimate). To combine studies with distinct sequencing protocols, a robust statistical framework for integrative analysis of microbiome datasets is needed. Here, we propose a mixed‐effect kernel machine regression model to assess the association of alpha diversity with a phenotype of interest. Our approach readily incorporates the study‐specific characteristics (including sequencing protocols) to allow for flexible modeling of microbiome effect via a kernel similarity matrix. Within the proposed framework, we provide three hypothesis testing approaches to answer different questions that are of interest to researchers. We evaluate the model performance through extensive simulations based on two distinct data generation mechanisms. We also apply our framework to data from HIV reanalysis consortium to investigate gut dysbiosis in HIV infection.
Research advances in protein lysine 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation: From mechanistic regulation to disease relevance
Authors: Huang Jinglei , Peng Hui , Yang Diqi
Published: October 2024

Histone lysine 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) was identified as a novel posttranslational modification in 2014. Significant progress has been made in understanding its roles in reproduction, development, and disease. Although 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation shares some overlapping modification sites and regulatory factors with other lysine residue modifications, its unique structure suggests distinct functions. This review summarizes the latest advancements in Khib, including its regulatory mechanisms, roles in mammalian physiological processes, and its relationship with diseases. This provides direction for further research on Khib and offers new perspectives for developing treatment strategies for related diseases.
Impacts of Urbanization on Economic Development and Ecological Protection of the Wuhan City Circle, China
Authors: Li Yiting , Huang Chunbo , Liu Shuangshuang , Cheng Jing , Xiang Yang , Peng Changhui
Published: September 2024

The conflict between economic development and ecological protection in land use (LU) has been a significant and widely discussed topic. The city circle concept has been proposed to promote economic growth through its strong agglomeration effect. It contains the core city and its surrounding area, and economic activities and ecosystems are highly intertwined within this geographic unit. Meanwhile, population, industry, and infrastructure are often concentrated within the urban sphere, which results in a concentrated demand for land, water, and ecosystem services. As a result, LU conflicts are more pronounced in urban areas. Here, we used gross domestic product (GDP) and gross ecosystem product (GEP) to reflect economic and ecological levels, then linked LU change into the coupling relationship between GDP and GEP of the Wuhan City Circle (WHCC), China, to analyze the economic and ecological developments of WHCC. Finally, we constructed a partial least squares structural equation modeling to explore the key drivers affecting the coupling of real GDP and GEP. Our results revealed significant LU changes between 1990 and 2020 for the WHCC. Paddy fields, dry lands, and some forestlands decreased, while built‐up lands and water areas both increased. Real GDP of the WHCC increased from $1.04 × 106 in 1990 to $3.04 × 107 in 2020. While the GEP of the WHCC increased during 1990–2010 and decreased during 2010–2020. Additionally, GEP exhibited a significant spatial heterogeneity, with high GEP concentrated in the central and southeastern regions. Moreover, we constructed a conceptual model for coupling real GDP and GEP, then used structural equation modeling to reveal their relationship. Real GDP had a positive effect on GEP. Furthermore, the proportion of construction land and ecological land as intermediate variables played an important direct and indirect role in real GDP and GEP. Consequently, landscape planning was proposed to enhance the green infrastructure of the WHCC. Our findings provide a reference and experience on land resource allocation for maintaining sustainable development in the city circle.
Are early career researchers feeling the consequences of the COVID pandemic?
Authors: Nicholas David , Abrizah Abdullah , Revez Jorge , Rodríguez Bravo Blanca , Swigon Marzena , Clark David , Xu Jie , Watkinson Anthony , Herman Eti
Published: October 2024

During the COVID pandemic, some commentators thought that early career researchers (ECRs) would become a ‘lost generation’. Yet the Harbingers (H‐2) longitudinal study, which followed ECRs for 2 years during the pandemic found that ECRs took things in their stride. More than 2 years on, we returned, as part of the AI stage of the Harbingers study (H‐3), to see what has transpired and interviewed nearly 70 ECRs from six countries as part of an exploratory study. We found that: (1) only one in six ECRS thought they were suffering from the residual impacts of the pandemic, with increased workload creating the greatest stress; (2) working remotely, digitally and more flexibly was thought by many to be the biggest dividend delivered, making the job more desirable and competitive; (3) an apparent growth in jobs and promotions (tenures) confirmed the bounce‐back. Given the modest size of the study, analysis by country has to be undertaken with caution, but China, where political and economic factors have stifled any bounce‐back, stands out for special attention in a future full‐blown study. Finally, the study yielded informed and considered views that the long‐term impact of the pandemic appears to be beneficial rather than disadvantageous.
Chiral Bulk Solitons in Photonic Graphene with Decorated Boundaries
Authors: Shen Shuang , Shang Ce , Li Yongdong , Zhang Yiqi
Published: October 2024

A chiral bulk soliton in a nonlinear photonic lattice with decorated boundaries, presenting a novel approach to manipulate photonic transport without extensive bulk modifications is proposed. Unlike traditional methods that rely on topological edge and corner modes, this strategy leverages the robust chiral propagation of bulk modes. By introducing nonlinearity into the system, a stable bulk soliton, akin to the topological valley Hall effects is found. The chiral bulk soliton exhibits remarkable stability; the energy does not decay even after a long‐distance propagation; and the corresponding Fourier spectrum confirms the absence of inter‐valley scattering indicating a valley‐locking property. The findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of nonlinear photonic systems but also hold significant practical implications for the design and optimization of photonic devices.
Research progress of hydrogels in the prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors: Xiao Yile , Ma Teng , Wu Haoming , Su Qiao , Zhou Yayu , Zhou Bingnan , Yang Keyi , Pu Zhengguang , Feng Wanyue , Yong Xin , Zhu Huili , Hu Xulin
Published: October 2024

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a critical global health concern with the potential to lead to adverse outcomes, including infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Since PID is often caused by ascending vaginal infections or urinary tract infections, understanding the treatment of both is critical to preventing PID. Meanwhile, the emergence of drug‐resistant and persistently infected strains poses a growing challenge. This review discusses current clinical treatments for the prevention of PID from the physiologic basis of PID, as well as summarizes the advantages and research progress of hydrogels in the prevention of PID. In contrast to conventional treatments, hydrogels serve as excellent vehicles for vaginal drug delivery, maintaining the presence of the drug at the target site and controlling its release. In the context of urinary tract infections (UTIs), hydrogels are employed primarily as coatings on catheters to prevent and treat catheter‐associated UTIs. Finally, this review summarizes the limitations of hydrogels in PID prevention and future directions for development with the aim of elucidating avenues for clinical treatment of PID and informing further research.
An efficient numerical method for the distributed‐order time‐fractional diffusion equation with the error analysis and stability properties
Authors: Irandoust‐Pakchin Safar , Hossein Derakhshan Mohammad , Rezapour Shahram , Adel Mohamed
Published: October 2024

In this manuscript, we study and examine the time‐fractional modified anomalous sub‐diffusion model of distributed‐order. Two numerical approaches are used to study the approximate solutions of the presented model. For the first approach, we use a second‐order difference method based on the L1 formula for the temporal variable. In this case, stability and convergence analysis for time discretization using the L1 formula is displayed. For the second approach, we display and demonstrate the numerical method for the full‐discrete based on the Galerkin weak form based on various kernels and shape functions of reproducing kernel particle method which do not have the
‐Kronecker property. Moreover, in this manuscript, in order to be able to use the necessary boundary conditions, the two straight strategies are used: one is the Lagrange multiplier method, and the other one is the penalty method. By using penalty method, we can the main boundary value model is changed to a new BVP with Robin boundary condition. At the end of the article, some numerical examples are presented and analyzed for the efficiency of the proposed numerical method. Also, the presented numerical method is compared with other numerical approaches, and the results of this comparison are reported in the form of a table.