bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Clerodane Diterpenoids from Croton crassifolius.
Authors: Li Yao‐Lan , Wang Guo‐Cai , Huang Wei‐Huan , Li Guo‐Qiang , Li Jia‐Gui , Wu Xia , Ye Wen‐Cai , Ge Wei , Chung Hau Yin
Published: December 2014

The two new clerodane diterpenoids crassifolin I (I) and crassifolin H (II) are isolated from the root of Croton crassifolius.
ChemInform Abstract: Speradines B—E, Four Novel Tetracyclic Oxindole Alkaloids from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Aspergillus oryzae.
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Qi‐Qing , Hu Xiao , Xia Qi‐Wen , Zhao Yang‐Yang , Zheng Qiu‐Hong , Liu Qin‐Ying
Published: December 2014

Isolation and structure elucidation of four novel alkaloids speradine B (Ia), C (Ib), D (Ic), and E (II) are presented (without the absolute configuration).
ChemInform Abstract: Contemporary Screening Approaches to Reaction Discovery and Development
Authors: Collins Karl D. , Gensch Tobias , Glorius Frank
Published: December 2014

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Random Copolymers
Authors: Li Longyu , Raghupathi Kishore , Song Cunfeng , Prasad Priyaa , Thayumanavan S.
Published: December 2014

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Oxy‐Oxonia(Azonia)‐Cope Reaction: Serendipitous Discovery and Its Application to the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Musks
Authors: Zou Yue Zou Yue , Zhou Lijun , Ding Changming , Wang Quanrui , Kraft Philip , Goeke Andreas
Published: December 2014

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Proteins: From Design and Synthesis to Structure and Stability
Authors: Marsh E. Neil G.
Published: December 2014

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Explaining Unexpected Data via Competitive Equilibria and Processes in Radical Reactions with Reversible Deactivation
Authors: Konkolewicz Dominik , Krys Pawel , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: December 2014

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroluminescent Lanthanide‐containing Polymers
Authors: Bochkarev L. N. , Rozhkov A. V. , Bochkarev M. N.
Published: December 2014

Review: synthesis, physicochemical, photo‐ and electroluminescent properties; 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Native Chemical Ligation: A Boon to Peptide Chemistry
Authors: Thapa Parashar , Zhang Rui‐Yang , Menon Vinay , Bingham Jon‐Paul
Published: December 2014

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Asymmetric Michael Addition for Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Hajiabbasi Parvin , Hamidi Hoda
Published: December 2014

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Threaded Macromolecules as a Versatile Framework for Biomaterials
Authors: Tamura Atsushi , Yui Nobuhiko
Published: December 2014

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Nanoarchitectonics as Emerging Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Kawakami Kohsaku , Ebara Mitsuhiro , Kotsuchibashi Yohei , Ji Qingmin , Hill Jonathan P.
Published: December 2014

Review: [81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Amphiphilic Nature of Saponins and Their Effects on Artificial and Biological Membranes and Potential Consequences for Red Blood and Cancer Cells
Authors: Lorent Joseph H. , Quetin‐Leclercq Joelle , Mingeot‐Leclercq Marie‐Paule
Published: December 2014

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrofluids: Synthetic Strategies, Stabilization, Physicochemical Features, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Joseph Aswathy , Mathew Suresh
Published: December 2014

Review: [387 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The 2014 Murray Raney Award Lecture: Architecture and Preparation of Supported Nickel Catalysts
Authors: Lok C. Martin
Published: December 2014

Review: 42 refs.
Recycling of Paper Mill Biosolids: A Review on Current Practices and Emerging Biorefinery Initiatives
Authors: Pervaiz Muhammad , Sain Mohini
Published: December 2014

In a rapidly urbanizing global society, the issue of solid waste management has become even more challenging in recent times. Manufacturing of paper, an integral part of human civilization, generates a substantial amount of effluent sludge, which invariably needs extra monetary resources to dispose‐off in millions of tons annually around the world. Currently, most of the widely practiced disposal options, landfilling and incineration, invariably pose serious environmental risks to immediate neighborhoods as well as to society at large. Recent stricter environmental legislations and general public awareness have been forcing paper producers to follow a sustainable approach in dealing with residual biomass generated at their facilities. At the same time, reducing waste at source and recycling have become an integral part of waste management of some responsible companies and governments of the industrialized world have also taken a number of initiatives in this regard. This review presents a holistic overview on current practices in dealing with paper sludge and their environmental and economic implications. Also presented is a comprehensive discussion on emerging biorefinery trends leading to value‐added utilization of primary, secondary and mixed biosolids originating from effluent treatments plants, especially from paper mill operations.
Optimization of 1,2,5‐Thiadiazole Carbamates as Potent and Selective ABHD6 Inhibitors
Authors: Patel Jayendra Z. , Nevalainen Tapio J. , Savinainen Juha R. , Adams Yahaya , Laitinen Tuomo , Runyon Robert S. , Vaara Miia , Ahenkorah Stephen , Kaczor Agnieszka A. , Navia‐Paldanius Dina , Gynther Mikko , Aaltonen Niina , Joharapurkar Amit A. , Jain Mukul R. , Haka Abigail S. , Maxfield Frederick R. , Laitinen Jarmo T. , Parkkari Teija
Published: December 2014

At present, inhibitors of α/β‐hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) are viewed as a promising approach to treat inflammation and metabolic disorders. This article describes the development of 1,2,5‐thiadiazole carbamates as ABHD6 inhibitors. Altogether, 34 compounds were synthesized, and their inhibitory activity was tested using lysates of HEK293 cells transiently expressing human ABHD6 (hABHD6). Among the compound series, 4‐morpholino‐1,2,5‐thiadiazol‐3‐yl cyclooctyl(methyl)carbamate (JZP‐430) potently and irreversibly inhibited hABHD6 (IC50=44 nM) and showed ∼230‐fold selectivity over fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), the main off‐targets of related compounds. Additionally, activity‐based protein profiling indicated that JZP‐430 displays good selectivity among the serine hydrolases of the mouse brain membrane proteome. JZP‐430 has been identified as a highly selective, irreversible inhibitor of hABHD6, which may provide a novel approach in the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes.
N‐Substituted Phenothiazine Derivatives: How the Stability of the Neutral and Radical Cation Forms Affects Overcharge Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Narayana Kishore Anand , Casselman Matthew D. , Elliott Corrine F. , Ergun Selin , Parkin Sean R. , Risko Chad , Odom Susan A.
Published: December 2014

Phenothiazine and five N‐substituted derivatives were evaluated as electrolyte additives for overcharge protection in LiFePO4/synthetic graphite lithium‐ion batteries. We report on the stability and reactivity of both the neutral and radical‐cation forms of these six compounds. While three of the compounds show extensive overcharge protection, the remaining three last for only one to a few cycles. UV/Vis studies of redox shuttle stability in the radical cation form are consistent with the overcharge performance: redox shuttles with spectra that show little change over time exhibit extensive overcharge performance, whereas those with changing spectra have limited overcharge protection. In one case, we determined that a CN bond cleaves upon oxidation, forming the phenothiazine radical cation and leading to premature overcharge protection failure; in another case, poor solubility appears to limit protection.
Preparation of Pd–Co‐Based Nanocatalysts and Their Superior Applications in Formic Acid Decomposition and Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Qin Yu‐ling , Liu Ya‐cheng , Liang Fei , Wang Li‐min
Published: December 2014

Formic acid (FA) and methanol, as convenient hydrogen‐containing materials, are most widely used for fuel cells. However, using suitable and low‐cost catalysts to further improve their energy performance still is a matter of great significance. Herein, PdCo and PdCo@Pd nanocatalysts (NCs) are successfully prepared by the facile method. Pd 3d binding energy decreases due to the presence of Co. Consequently, PdCo@Pd NCs exhibit high catalytic activity and selectivity toward FA dehydrogenation at room temperature. The gas‐generation rate at 30 min is 65.4 L h−1 g−1. PdCo/C has the worst catalytic performance in this reaction, despite the fact that it has a high gas‐generation rate in the initial 30 min. Furthermore, both PdCo and PdCo@Pd NCs have enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward methanol oxidation. Their maximum currents are 966 and 1205 mA mg−1, respectively, which is much higher than monometallic Pd/C.
Effect of Component Distribution and Nanoporosity in CuPt Nanotubes on Electrocatalysis of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Guo Huizhang , Liu Xiang , Bai Chengdong , Chen Yuanzhi , Wang Laisen , Zheng Mingsen , Dong Quanfeng , Peng Dong‐Liang
Published: December 2014

Pt‐based bimetallic electrocatalysts hold great potential in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in current fuel‐cell prototypes. However, they also face challenges from drastic dealloying of less‐noble metals and coalescence of small nanoparticles. Porous and structure‐ordered nanotubes may hold the potential to improve the stability of bimetallic electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a method to prepare CuPt nanotubes and porous Cu3Pt intermetallic nanorods through a controlled galvanic replacement reaction and heat treatment process. The effect of the geometric features and compositional segregation on the electrocatalysis of the ORR was clarified. The outstanding performance of the Cu3Pt/C‐700 catalyst in the ORR relative to that of CuPt/C‐RT was mainly attributed to the nanoporosity of the catalyst, whereas the enhanced specific activity on CuPt/C‐RT after potential cycling was attributed to the interaction between the CuPt alloyed core and the Pt shell in the tube wall.
Singlet‐Oxygen Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Continuous Flow
Authors: Heugebaert Thomas S. A. , Stevens Christian V. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: December 2014

Singlet‐oxygen oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) was performed in continuous flow mode using rose Bengal as photosensitizer. The resulting butenolide (H2MF) was formed selectively in high yield. The procedure proved to be scalable and applicable to related bio‐based furfurals. Furthermore, preliminary data show that H2MF can be readily isomerized thermally to 5‐hydroxy‐4‐keto‐pentenoic acid oligomers.
Artificial Flavin Systems for Chemoselective and Stereoselective Oxidations
Authors: Cibulka Radek
Published: December 2014

Flavinium salts, both isoalloxazinium and alloxazinium derivatives, are useful organocatalysts of redox reactions, and particularly in recent years, the number of transformations catalysed by flavinium salts has increased. This review outlines the synthetic applications of flavinium catalysts in oxygenation reactions with oxygen and hydrogen peroxide as terminal oxidising agents; these oxidations involve flavin hydroperoxide as an intermediate, thus mimicking flavin monooxygenases. Special attention is paid to mechanistic studies and to the design of catalytic systems, especially the effects of the structures of flavinium catalysts, and reaction conditions on the efficiency, chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity of oxygenations.
1,2,5‐Chalcogenadiazole‐Annulated Tripyrazinoporphyrazines: Synthesis, Spectral Characteristics, and Influence of the Heavy Atom Effect on Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Svec Jan , Zimcik Petr , Novakova Lucie , Rakitin Oleg A. , Amelichev Stanislav A. , Stuzhin Pavel A. , Novakova Veronika
Published: December 2014

A series of low‐symmetry ZnII, MgII, and metal‐free porphyrazine derivatives with one 1,2,5‐chalcogenadiazole ring (with S, Se or Te) and three pyrazines bearing tert‐butylsulfanyls were synthesized. The absorption maxima of ZnII complexes lay at 660, 674, and 707 nm for S, Se, and Te, respectively, indicating increasing contribution of the 1,2,5‐chalcogenadiazole rings to the π‐electronic system. Photophysical studies revealed that introduction of Se as a chalcogen and ZnII as a central metal causes an increase in the singlet oxygen quantum yield, reaching a value of 0.81, whereas the combination of S and MgII gives only 0.39. This takes place on the account of the fluorescence quantum yields that differ significantly from 0.072 (ZnII+Se) to 0.51 (MgII+S). These results demonstrated the two‐dimensional heavy atom effect combining the role of the chalcogen (first dimension) as well as the central metal (second dimension). Attempts to prepare oxygen‐containing isologues led to the formation of an unexpected side product.
The potential of the capillary electrophoresis techniques for quality control of biopharmaceuticals—A review
Authors: Tamizi Elnaz , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: December 2014

CE is considered as a powerful technique in biopharmaceutical industry, owing to its inherent advantages such as high resolution, efficient separation, and its flexibility to couple with high‐sensitive detecting methods. Present review provides a summary of the applications of CE‐based methods in the quality control of biopharmaceuticals according to the papers published between 1994 and July 2014. This article is divided into the sections based on different CE modes applied in the analysis of biopharmaceuticals and gives detailed information about the employed experimental conditions. At the end some overall conclusions and perspectives are given.
Characterization of the startup transient electrokinetic flow in rectangular channels of arbitrary dimensions, zeta potential distribution, and time‐varying pressure gradient
Authors: Miller Andrew , Villegas Arturo , Javier Diez F.
Published: December 2014

The solution to the startup transient EOF in an arbitrary rectangular microchannel is derived analytically and validated experimentally. This full 2D transient solution describes the evolution of the flow through five distinct periods until reaching a final steady state. The derived analytical velocity solution is validated experimentally for different channel sizes and aspect ratios under time‐varying pressure gradients. The experiments used a time resolved micro particle image velocimetry technique to calculate the startup transient velocity profiles. The measurements captured the effect of time‐varying pressure gradient fields derived in the analytical solutions. This is tested by using small reservoirs at both ends of the channel which allowed a time‐varying pressure gradient to develop with a time scale on the order of the transient EOF. Results showed that under these common conditions, the effect of the pressure build up in the reservoirs on the temporal development of the transient startup EOF in the channels cannot be neglected. The measurements also captured the analytical predictions for channel walls made of different materials (i.e., zeta potentials). This was tested in channels that had three PDMS and one quartz wall, resulting in a flow with an asymmetric velocity profile due to variations in the zeta potential between the walls.
Investigation of the enantiomerization barriers of the phthalimidone derivatives EM12 and lenalidomide by dynamic electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Walz Sarah , Weis Sylvia , Franz Mareike , Rominger Frank , Trapp Oliver
Published: December 2014

The phthalimidone derivatives EM12 and lenalidomide, which are both structurally related to thalidomide, are highly interesting drugs and very recently lenalidomide attracted great attention as an antitumor and immune‐modulating drug [1] in the therapy for multiple myeloma [2]. EM12 and lenalidomide are chiral, and the stereogenic carbon C‐3 in the piperidine‐2,6‐dione moiety of these phthalimidone derivatives is prone to interconversion due to keto–enol tautomerization. The knowledge of the enantiomerization barrier [3–47] is mandatory for pharmacokinetic studies and to develop a tailored therapy using the enantiopure or racemic drug. Here, we used dynamic EKC in combination with direct‐calculation methods to determine the enantiomerization barriers of EM12 and lenalidomide. The separations of the enantiomers of EM12 and lenalidomide were performed in 50 mM aqueous disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer at pH 8 and 50 mM aqueous sodium tetraborate buffer at pH 9.3, respectively, using 20 mg/mL heptakis‐(2,3‐diacetyl‐6‐sulfato)‐β‐CD as a chiral additive. Enantiomerization of the compounds during the electrokinetic chromatographic separation resulted in pronounced plateau formation between the well‐separated enantiomers. Peak form analysis of the experimentally obtained interconversion profiles yielded the enantiomerization rate constants k1 of EM12 and lenalidomide as well as the kinetic activation parameters ΔG‡, ΔH‡‡, and ΔS‡ of enantiomerization by the evaluation of temperature‐dependent measurements. The enantiomerization barrier ΔG‡ was determined to be 98.3 ± 1.0 kJ/mol; the activation parameters ΔH‡ = 46.1 ± 2.4 kJ/mol and ΔS‡ = −170 ± 61 J/(K·mol) for EM12 and ΔG‡ = 91.5 ± 1.0 kJ/mol, ΔH‡ = 62.4 ± 5.4 kJ/mol, and ΔS‡ = −98 ± 7 J/(K·mol) for lenalidomide. These findings were corroborated by density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/3–21G level of theory of the ground state and intermediates considering an enantiomerization pathway via a keto–enol tautomerism.
Rapid analysis of colipase gene variants by multicapillary electrophoresis
Authors: Jaczó Zsuzsanna , Pál Eszter , Dénes Réka , Somogyi Anikó , Sasvári‐Székely Mária , Guttman András , Rónai Zsolt
Published: December 2014

Despite of the fact that the Human Genome Project was completed more than a decade ago, identification of the genetic background of polygenic diseases is still challenging. Several somewhat different approaches are available to investigate inheritable factors of complex phenotypes, all require, however efficient, high‐throughput techniques for SNP genotyping. In this paper, we report a robust and reliable multiplex PCR–RFLP for genotype and haplotype analysis of six SNPs (rs41270082, rs3748051, rs142027015, rs3748048, rs73404011, and rs72925892) of the colipase (CLPS) gene. A multicapillary (12 capillaries) electrophoresis unit was used for high throughput and sensitive analysis of the digestion fragments. A Microsoft Excel‐based spreadsheet was designed for the flexible visualization and evaluation of the electrophoretic separations, which is readily adaptable for any kind of electrophoresis application. Haplotype analysis of the two loci localized in close proximity of each other was carried out by molecular method, extended haplotypes including all five SNPs in the 5′ upstream region were calculated. The techniques were applied in a case–control association study of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although, single marker analysis did not reveal any significant association, it was observed that the rare GGCCG haplotype of the five 5′ upstream region SNPs was about three times more frequent among patients compared to healthy control population. Our results demonstrated the applicability of multicapillary CGE in large‐scale, high‐throughput SNP analysis, and suggested that the CLPS gene polymorphisms might be considered as genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Energy Utilization of Yellow Phosphorus Tail Gas: Simultaneous Catalytic Hydrolysis of Carbonyl Sulfide and Carbon Disulfide at Low Temperature
Authors: Li Kai , Song Xin , Ning Ping , Yi Honghong , Tang Xiaolong , Wang Chi
Published: December 2014

The CO in yellow phosphorus tail gas can be used as energy source in the one‐carbon chemical industry, but the harmful gases carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) are in co‐existence with CO and so must be removed. Modified microwave coal‐based activated carbon (Fe/MCAC) loaded with different metal oxides was manufactured by a sol–gel process, and used for the simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis of COS and CS2 at low temperature (30–70 °C). The influences of Cu–Ni doping and reaction conditions on catalytic hydrolysis reaction were investigated. The results showed that the optimum addition agents are copper and nickel, and the best mole ratio of Fe/Cu/Ni was 10:2:0.5. The X‐ray diffractometry results show that the doping agent could control the generation of sulfate, which can suppress the hydrolysis activity of the catalysts. Further characterization revealed that larger specific surface areas and pore volumes are favorable and enhance the catalytic hydrolysis activities. The products of simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis (S/SO42− species) could block the pore structure and surface active sites, which leads to a decline of the catalytic hydrolysis activity. Excessively high reaction temperatures (>50 °C) could enhance the catalytic hydrolysis of COS but inhibit catalytic hydrolysis of CS2. Excessively high relative humidity (RH) and O2 content could lead to formation of more sulfates, and decrease the catalytic efficiencies towards simultaneous hydrolysis of COS and CS2.
Monitoring and characterization of creation of geopolymers prepared from fly ash and metakaolin by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy method
Authors: Kanuchova M. , Kozakova L. , Drabova M. , Sisol M. , Estokova A. , Kanuch J. , Skvarla J.
Published: December 2014

The formation of geopolymers from fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK) was investigated. The effect of different reactivity of FA and MK was studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. Geopolymer materials were obtained by an alkaline activation of aluminosilicate sources. The aim of this work is to develop methods for working properties prediction of geopolymer materials based on the starting materials. Selection of a geopolymerization scheme is found to be a key factor to realize a beneficial effect of improved reactivity. Finally, a descriptive model of the mechanism of geopolymer formation, taking into account the quality of starting materials was proposed. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 841–849, 2015
Modeling food web structure and selenium biomagnification in lake macquarie, New South Wales, Australia, using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes
Authors: Schneider Larissa , Maher William A. , Potts Jaimie , Taylor Anne M. , Batley Graeme E. , Krikowa Frank , Chariton Anthony A. , Gruber Bernd
Published: December 2014

As a consequence of coal-fired power station operations, elevated selenium concentrations have been reported in the sediments and biota of Lake Macquarie (New South Wales, Australia). In the present study, an ecosystem-scale model has been applied to determine how selenium in a seagrass food web is processed from sediments and water through diet to predators, using stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) to establish the trophic position of organisms. Trophic position, habitat, and feeding zone were examined as possible factors influencing selenium bioaccumulation. Selenium concentrations ranged from 0.2 μg/g dry weight in macroalgae species to 12.9 μg/g in the carnivorous fish Gerres subfasciatus. A mean magnification factor of 1.39 per trophic level showed that selenium is biomagnifying in the seagrass food web. Habitat and feeding zone influenced selenium concentrations in invertebrates, whereas feeding zone was the only significant factor influencing selenium concentrations in fish. The sediment–water partitioning coefficient (Kd) of 4180 showed that partitioning of selenium entering the lake to particulate organic material (POM) is occurring, and consequently availability to food webs from POM is high. Trophic transfer factors (invertebrate = 1.9; fish = 1.2) were similar to those reported for other water bodies, showing that input source is not the main determinant of the magnitude of selenium bioaccumulation in a food web, but rather the initial partitioning of selenium into bioavailable POM. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:608–617. © 2014 SETAC
Testing the Response of Mycenaean Terracotta Figures and Vessels to Earthquake Ground Motions
Authors: Hinzen Klaus‐G. , Vetters Melissa , Kalytta Tatiana , Reamer Sharon K. , Damm‐Meinhardt Ursula
Published: December 2014

In the late 1970s, the hypothesis originated that earthquakes played a decisive role in the decline of the Mycenaean civilization at the end of the Late Bronze Age. The late excavator of Tiryns in the Argolid/Greece, Klaus Kilian, presented evidence for earthquake‐related damage to Mycenaean structures and considered four terracotta figures and two ceramic vessels lying on a floor of a potential cult room (later 12th century B.C.) in the Lower Citadel as “earthquake victims.” The broken figures were confined to a small area on the cult room's floor in front of a bench. We assess the archaeological data and test the plausibility of earthquake‐induced toppling of the objects with engineering seismological models. Dimensions and physical properties of the models were taken from the originals. In our simulations the models are virtually placed on a bench, and are exposed to earthquake ground motions based on records from recent Greek earthquakes. We test the artifacts’ toppling behavior and compare the final position of the fallen objects with the original find spots. Statistical analysis of 74,250 model calculations with highly varied ground motion parameters and bench heights reveal only a small probability that the find situation of the objects was caused by an earthquake.
Preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium following hip fracture repair: a systematic review
Authors: Oh Esther S. , Li Meng , Fafowora Tolulope M. , Inouye Sharon K. , Chen Cathy H. , Rosman Lori M. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Sieber Frederick E. , Puhan Milo A.
Published: December 2014

Objective

Systematically identify preoperative clinical risk factors for incident postoperative delirium in individuals undergoing hip fracture repair in order to guide clinicians in identifying high risk patients at admission.

Methods

This is a systematic review of prospective observational studies with estimation of association between preoperative risk factors and incident postoperative delirium in multivariate models. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, and WorldCatDissertations. Hand searches were conducted in selected journals and their supplements.

Results

Search yielded 6380 titles and abstracts from electronic databases and 72 titles from hand searches, and 10 studies met inclusion criteria. The following risk factors were significant in bivariate models: cognitive impairment, age, gender, institutionalization, functional impairment, body mass index (BMI), albumin, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologist classification, acute medical conditions, polypharmacy, and vision impairment. Among all of these risk factors, cognitive impairment most consistently remained statistically significant after adjusting for other risk factors in multivariate models, followed by BMI/albumin and multiple comorbidities.

Conclusion

In our systematic review, cognitive impairment was one of the strongest preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium after hip fracture surgery. Preoperative cognitive assessment may be one of the most useful methods of identifying those who are at high risk for postoperative delirium and prioritizing delivery of delirium prevention measures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective connectivity during episodic memory retrieval in schizophrenia participants before and after antipsychotic medication
Authors: Hutcheson Nathan L. , Sreenivasan Karthik R. , Deshpande Gopikrishna , Reid Meredith A. , Hadley Jennifer , White David M. , Ver Hoef Lawrence , Lahti Adrienne C.
Published: December 2014

Background: Impairment in episodic memory is one of the most robust findings in schizophrenia. Disruptions of fronto‐temporal functional connectivity that could explain some aspects of these deficits have been reported. Recent work has identified abnormal hippocampal function in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (SZ), such as increased metabolism and glutamate content that are not always seen in medicated SZ. For these reasons, we hypothesized that altered fronto‐temporal connectivity might originate from the hippocampus and might be partially restored by antipsychotic medication. Methods: Granger causality methods were used to evaluate the effective connectivity between frontal and temporal regions in 21 unmedicated SZ and 20 matched healthy controls (HC) during performance of an episodic memory retrieval task. In 16 SZ, effective connectivity between these regions was evaluated before and after 1‐week of antipsychotic treatment. Results: In HC, significant effective connectivity originating from the right hippocampus to frontal regions was identified. Compared to HC, unmedicated SZ showed significant altered fronto‐temporal effective connectivity, including reduced right hippocampal to right medial frontal connectivity. After 1‐week of antipsychotic treatment, connectivity more closely resembled the patterns observed in HC, including increased effective connectivity from the right hippocampus to frontal regions. Conclusions: These results support the notion that memory disruption in schizophrenia might originate from hippocampal dysfunction and that medication restores some aspects of fronto‐temporal dysconnectivity. Patterns of fronto‐temporal connectivity could provide valuable biomarkers to identify new treatments for the symptoms of schizophrenia, including memory deficits. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1442–1457, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Striatal shape abnormalities as novel neurodevelopmental endophenotypes in schizophrenia: A longitudinal study
Authors: Chakravarty M. Mallar , Rapoport Judith L. , Giedd Jay N. , Raznahan Armin , Shaw Philip , Collins D. Louis , Lerch Jason P. , Gogtay Nitin
Published: December 2014

There are varying, often conflicting, reports with respect to altered striatal volume and morphometry in the major psychoses due to the influences of antipsychotic medications on striatal volume. Thus, disassociating disease effects from those of medication become exceedingly difficult. For the first time, using a longitudinally studied sample of structural magnetic resonance images from patients with childhood onset schizophrenia (COS; neurobiologically contiguous with the adult onset form of schizophrenia), their nonpsychotic siblings (COSSIBs), and novel shape mapping algorithms that are volume independent, we report the familial contribution of striatal morphology in schizophrenia. The results of our volumetric analyses demonstrate age‐related increases in overall striatal volumes specific only to COS. However, both COS and COSSIBs showed overlapping shape differences in the striatal head, which normalized in COSSIBs by late adolescence. These results mirror previous studies from our group, demonstrating cortical thickness deficits in COS and COSSIBs as these deficits normalize in COSSIBs in the same age range as our striatal findings. Finally, there is a single region of nonoverlapping outward displacement in the dorsal aspect of the caudate body, potentially indicative of a response to medication. Striatal shape may be considered complimentary to volume as an endophenotype, and, in some cases may provide information that is not detectable using standard volumetric techniques. Our striatal shape findings demonstrate the striking localization of abnormalities in striatal the head. The neuroanatomical localization of these findings suggest the presence of abnormalities in the striatal‐prefrontal circuits in schizophrenia and resilience mechanisms in COSSIBs with age dependent normalization. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1458–1469, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecularly imprinted hollow sphere array for the sensing of proteins
Authors: Chen Wei , Xue Min , Shea Kenneth J. , Meng Zihui , Yan Zequn , Wang Zhe , Xue Fei , Qu Feng
Published: December 2014

Mono‐dispersed molecularly imprinted hollow spheres (MIHSs) for hemoglobin (Hb) were prepared by employing silica nanospheres as the sacrificial templates. The obtained hollow spheres with uniform particle size of 360 nm in diameter were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The outstanding affinities of these MIHSs to the target protein were confirmed by adsorption experiment in aqueous solution. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 10 min while the binding capacity (Qmax) of Hb was 8.84 µmol g–1at pH7.0. Furthermore, the MIHSs were successfully assembled into a closely‐packed 3D colloidal array. The molecularly imprinted hollow sphere array (MIHSA) can selectively recognize Hb. As the concentration of Hb increased, the structure color of the MIHSA changed from blue to green, and turn to white finally with maximum red shift for 43 nm. The MIHSA showed promising potential for the naked‐eye detection of target Hb.

Reflection spectra of the MIHSA in response to different Hb concentrations (0.075–15 µmol L–1)

magnified image

Reflection spectra of the MIHSA in response to different Hb concentrations (0.075–15 µmol L–1)
Clinical assessment of non carious cervical lesion using swept‐source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wada Ikumi , Shimada Yasushi , Ikeda Masaomi , Sadr Alireza , Nakashima Syozi , Tagami Junji , Sumi Yasunori
Published: December 2014

Non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) involve various forms of tooth loss with different etiologies. This study aimed to utilize swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) at 1300 nm wavelength range in vitro and in vivo to evaluate and clarify the mechanism of NCCLs. In the in vitro phase, a dentin attenuation coefficient (μt) derived from the SS‐OCT signal at NCCL was compared with mineral loss obtained from transverse microradiography (TMR) to determine a μt threshold to discriminate demineralization of cervical dentin in vivo. In the clinical study, 242 buccal surfaces were investigated in 35 subjects. Presence and dimensions of NCCLs, cervical cracking and the degree of demineralization at the exposed cervical dentin were determined using SS‐OCT. Dentin demineralization was observed in 69% of NCCLs. SS‐OCT results confirm that dentin mineral loss and occlusal attrition were associated with larger NCCLs, and can be considered as an etiological factor in formation and progress of these lesions.

(A) We determined the attenuation coeffcient (μt) threshold of SS‐OCT signal for the detection of demineralization (1.21) from in vitro study. DEM: demineralized dentin, sound: sound dentin. (B) Using the μt threshold, we observed NCCLs in vivo to detect the demineralization in cervical dentin. SS‐OCT scanning was performed along the red line. (C) SS‐OCT image obtained along the red line in B. In SS‐OCT, brightness of dentin beneath the NCCL was increased (arrow) compared with intact zone. The cervical dentin was slightly demineralized (μt: 1.25). e: enamel, d: dentin, g: gingiva.

magnified image

(A) We determined the attenuation coeffcient (μt) threshold of SS‐OCT signal for the detection of demineralization (1.21) from in vitro study. DEM: demineralized dentin, sound: sound dentin. (B) Using the μt threshold, we observed NCCLs in vivo to detect the demineralization in cervical dentin. SS‐OCT scanning was performed along the red line. (C) SS‐OCT image obtained along the red line in B. In SS‐OCT, brightness of dentin beneath the NCCL was increased (arrow) compared with intact zone. The cervical dentin was slightly demineralized (μt: 1.25). e: enamel, d: dentin, g: gingiva.
Injectable, high‐density collagen gels for annulus fibrosus repair: Anin vitrorat tail model
Authors: Borde Brandon , Grunert Peter , Härtl Roger , Bonassar Lawrence J.
Published: December 2014

A herniated intervertebral disc often causes back pain when disc tissue is displaced through a damaged annulus fibrosus. Currently, the only methods available for annulus fibrosus repair involve mechanical closure of defect, which does little to address biological healing in the damaged tissue. Collagen hydrogels are injectable and have been used to repair annulus defectsin vivo. In this study, high‐density collagen hydrogels at 5, 10, and 15 mg/mL were used to repair defects made to intact rat caudal intervertebral discsin vitro. A group of gels at 15 mg/mL were also cross‐linked with riboflavin at 0.03 mM, 0.07 mM, or 0.10 mM. These cross‐linked, high‐density collagen gels maintained their presence in the defect under loading and contributed positively to the mechanical response of damaged discs. Discs exhibited increases to 95% of undamaged effective equilibrium and instantaneous moduli as well as up to fourfold decreases in effective hydraulic permeability from the damaged discs. These data suggest that high‐density collagen gels may be effective at restoring mechanical function of injured discs as well as potential vehicles for the delivery of biological agents such as cells or growth factors that may aid in the repair of the annulus fibrosus. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2571–2581, 2015.
Biocompatibility of ferroelectric lithium niobate and the influence of polarization charge on osteoblast proliferation and function
Authors: Carville N. Craig , Collins Liam , Manzo Michele , Gallo Katia , Lukasz Bart I. , McKayed Katey K. , Simpson Jeremy C. , Rodriguez Brian J.
Published: December 2014

In this work, the influence of substrate surface charge onin vitroosteoblast cell proliferation on ferroelectric lithium niobate (LN) crystal surfaces is investigated. LN has a spontaneous polarization along thez‐axis and is thus characterized by positive and negative bound polarization charge at the +zand –zsurfaces. Biocompatibility of LN was demonstrated via culturing and fluorescence imaging of MC3T3 osteoblast cells for up to 11 days. The cells showed enhanced proliferation rates and improved osteoblast function through mineral formation on the positively and negatively charged LN surfaces compared to electrostatically neutralx‐cut LN and a glass cover slip control. These results highlight the potential of LN as a template for investigating the role of charge on cellular processes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2540–2548, 2015.
Nanocomposite bone scaffolds based on biodegradable polymers and hydroxyapatite
Authors: Becker Johannes , Lu Lichun , Runge M. Brett , Zeng Heng , Yaszemski Michael J. , Dadsetan Mahrokh
Published: December 2014

In tissue engineering, development of an osteoconductive construct that integrates with host tissue remains a challenge. In this work, the effect of bone‐like minerals on maturation of pre‐osteoblast cells was investigated using polymer‐mineral scaffolds composed of poly(propylene fumarate)‐co‐poly(caprolactone) (PPF‐co‐PCL) and nano‐sized hydroxyapatite (HA). The HA of varying concentrations was added to an injectable formulation of PPF‐co‐PCL and the change in thermal and mechanical properties of the scaffolds was evaluated. No change in onset of degradation temperature was observed due to the addition of HA, however compressive and tensile moduli of copolymer changed significantly when HA amounts were increased in composite formulation. The change in mechanical properties of copolymer was found to correlate well to HA concentration in the constructs. Electron microscopy revealed mineral nucleation and a change in surface morphology and the presence of calcium and phosphate on surfaces was confirmed using energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. To characterize the effect of mineral on attachment and maturation of pre‐osteoblasts, W20‐17 cells were seeded on HA/copolymer composites. We demonstrated that cells attached more to the surface of HA containing copolymers and their proliferation rate was significantly increased. Thus, these findings suggest that HA/PPF‐co‐PCL composite scaffolds are capable of inducing maturation of pre‐osteoblasts and have the potential for use as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2549–2557, 2015.
­­Depletion of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Causes G0 Arrest in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells
Authors: Sobol Anna , Galluzzo Paola , Weber Megan J. , Alani Sara , Bocchetta Maurizio
Published: December 2014

We recently reported that Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) regulates global protein synthesis in a variety of human dividing cells, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. More specifically, APP depletion causes an increase of both cap‐ and IRES‐dependent translation. Since growth and proliferation are tightly coupled processes, here, we asked what effects artificial downregulation of APP could have elicited in NSCLC cells proliferation. APP depletion caused a G0/G1 arrest through destabilization of the cyclin‐C protein and reduced pRb phosphorylation at residues Ser802/811. siRNA to cyclin‐C mirrored the cell cycle distribution observed when silencing APP. Cells arrested in G0/G1 (and with augmented global protein synthesis) increased their size and underwent a necrotic cell death due to cell membrane permeabilization. These phenotypes were reversed by overexpression of the APP C‐terminal domain, indicating a novel role for APP in regulating early cell cycle entry decisions. It is seems that APP moderates the rate of protein synthesis before the cell clears growth factors‐ and nutrients‐dependent checkpoint in mid G1. Our results raise questions on how such processes interact in the context of (at least) dividing NSCLC cells. The data presented here suggest that APP, although required for G0/G1 transitions, moderates the rate of protein synthesis before the cell fully commits to cell cycle progression following mechanisms, which seem additional to concurrent signals deriving from the PI3‐K/Akt/mTORC‐1 axis. APP appears to play a central role in regulating cell cycle entry with the rate of protein synthesis; and its loss‐of‐function causes cell size abnormalities and death. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1332–1341, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Rac1 Regulates Myosin II Phosphorylation Through Regulation of Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase
Authors: Shibata Keita , Sakai Hiroyasu , Huang Qian , Kamata Hirotoshi , Chiba Yoshihiko , Misawa Miwa , Ikebe Reiko , Ikebe Mitsuo
Published: December 2014

Phosphorylation of regulatory light chain (MLC) activates myosin II, which enables it to promote contractile and motile activities of cells. We report here a novel signaling mechanism that activates MLC phosphorylation and smooth muscle contraction. Contractile agonists activated Rac1, and Rac1 inhibition diminished agonist‐induced MLC phosphorylation, thus inhibiting smooth muscle contraction. Rac1 inhibits the activity of MLC phosphatase (MLCP) but not that of MLC kinase, through a phosphatase that targets MYPT1 (a regulatory subunit of MLCP) and CPI‐17 (a MLCP specific inhibitor) rather than through the RhoA‐Rho dependent kinase (ROCK) pathway. Rac1 inhibition decreased the activity of protein kinase C (PKC), which also contributes to the change in CPI‐17 phosphorylation. We propose that activation of Rac1 increases the activity of PKC, which increases the phosphorylation of CPI‐17 and MYPT1 by inhibiting the phosphatase that targets these proteins, thereby decreasing the activity of MLCP and increasing phosphorylation of MLC. Our results suggest that Rac1 coordinates with RhoA to increase MLC phosphorylation by inactivation of CPI‐17/MYPT1 phosphatase, which decreases MLCP activity thus promoting MLC phosphorylation and cell contraction. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1352–1364, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
“Nuclear FGF Receptor‐1 and CREB Binding Protein: An Integrative Signaling Module”
Authors: Stachowiak Michal K. , Birkaya B. , Aletta J.M. , Narla S.T. , Benson C.A. , Decker B. , Stachowiak E.K.
Published: December 2014

In this review we summarize the current understanding of a novel integrative function of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor‐1 (FGFR1) and its partner CREB Binding Protein (CBP) acting as a nuclear regulatory complex. Nuclear FGFR1 and CBP interact with and regulate numerous genes on various chromosomes. FGFR1 dynamic oscillatory interactions with chromatin and with specific genes, underwrites gene regulation mediated by diverse developmental signals. Integrative Nuclear FGFR1 Signaling (INFS) effects the differentiation of stem cells and neural progenitor cells via the gene‐controlling Feed‐Forward‐And‐Gate mechanism. Nuclear accumulation of FGFR1 occurs in numerous cell types and disruption of INFS may play an important role in developmental disorders such as schizophrenia, and in metastatic diseases such as cancer. Enhancement of INFS may be used to coordinate the gene regulation needed to activate cell differentiation for regenerative purposes or to provide interruption of cancer stem cell proliferation. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 989–1002, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Alternative Long‐Term Culture System for Highly‐Pure Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Authors: He Bao‐Rong , Lu Fan , Zhang Lingling , Hao Ding‐Jun , Yang Hao
Published: December 2014

Increasing evidence suggests that spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have great clinical potential to give rise to a variety of cell types besides all spermatogenic lineage cells. The development of an efficient method for long‐term culture of highly‐pure SSCs is essential for further studies related to SSC biological events. Here, we describe an in vitro culture system obtaining mouse SSC cultures of high purity, viability, and proliferation. For establishing long‐term cultures of SSCs, we mainly focused on isolation procedures and culture conditions. These included co‐coating of extracellular substrates, that is, poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) and laminin, as well as combinatiorial use of three milder enzymes and simultaneously less trypsin to minimize enzyme‐mediated degradation of SSCs. Furthermore, a unique purification procedure was performed to effectively eliminate contaminating non‐SSCs. Finally, a critical step is to ensure SSC maintenance and expansion by utilizing optimal culture medium. Obtained data suggest that applying our optimally modified method, SSCs can be cultured for over 90 days with high purity (around 93.5%). Moreover, SSCs isolated and expanded using our protocol fulfills all criteria of SSCs without losing their stemness‐characterized by SSC‐phenotypic gene expression and long‐term self‐renewal. This study describes for the first time a protocol allowing isolation and expansion of SSCs suitable for numerous studies related to SSC‐based clinical therapies of various diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1365–1375, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company