bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene terephthalate) and its talc composites
Authors: Furushima Yoshitomo , Kumazawa Sadanori , Umetsu Hideyuki , Toda Akihiko , Zhuravlev Evgeny , Wurm Andreas , Schick Christoph
Published: January 2017

Crystallization kinetics of poly (butylene terephthalate) (non‐talc‐PBT) and its 0.1 wt % talc composites (talc‐PBT) was determined for a wide range of cooling rates and isothermal temperatures. The critical cooling rate to suppress crystallization is 2000 K s−1 for non‐talc‐PBT and 7000 K s−1 for talc‐PBT. The cooling rate dependence of the total enthalpy change and heating rate dependence of enthalpy of cold crystallization are quantitatively discussed on the basis of the Ozawa's method. For isothermal crystallization, the annealing‐temperature (Tiso) dependence of crystallization half‐time (t1/2) shows a bimodal curve with two minima. Talc shortens the t1/2 at Tiso above 340 K and acts as a heterogeneous nucleation agent. Tammann's approach revealed that the t1/2 is shortened by pre‐nucleation for non‐talc‐PBT but not for talc‐PBT. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44739.
Improving the UV resistance of aromatic poly(l,3,4‐oxadiazole) fiber using a disperse dye modified with octavinyl POSS. Part 1: Preparation of dye and dyeing
Authors: Mao Yahong , Song Qingshuang , Guan Yu
Published: January 2017

Modified dyes were obtained by grafting of disperse dyes with octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) using a Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction and using different ratios of POSS and the original disperse dye. The modified dyes are used to dye aromatic poly(l,3,4‐oxadiazole) (p‐POD) fiber to improve its UV resistance. Then the structure of the modified dye is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and NMR, and the effects of the structure of the modified dye and the dyeing conditions on the UV resistance and color strength (K/S value) of the dyed samples are investigated. The results indicated that the UV adsorption peaks of the modified dye solutions are located at the specified UV wavelengths. The UV resistance of the p‐POD fiber dyed with the modified dye (1:3) can be effectively improved, and the dyed p‐POD fiber can obtain a higher K/S value simultaneously. During the dyeing process, increasing the dyeing temperature and prolonging the dyeing time are both beneficial in improving the anti‐UV ability of the dyed p‐POD fiber; these changes can effectively promote the fixation of dye molecules into p‐POD fibers due to stimulating the motion of dye molecules and p‐POD macromolecules. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44745.
Morphological traits essential to electrospun and grafted Nylon‐6 nanofiber membranes for capturing submicron simulated exhaled breath aerosols
Authors: Reyes Catherine G. , Frey Margaret W.
Published: January 2017

As contagious bio‐aerosols continue to impact our society, we examine how the morphological traits of large‐scale (15 cm × 93 cm), uniformly thick, electrospun nylon membranes can contribute to the ongoing development of diagnostic, sensor driven, face masks for capturing exhaled breath content. In our study, we compare the capture efficiencies of three types of large‐scale Nylon‐6 nanofiber membranes against those of commercial control textiles for capturing in‐lab simulated salt breath aerosols. Furthermore, samples from the Nylon membranes were grafted with acrylic acid to determine the effects of membrane functionalization on capture efficiency. All nongrafted electrospun Nylon membranes captured 39% to 50% more salinated aerosol than the woven and nonwoven controls, despite weighing nearly 20× less. Ultimately, the nanofiber membranes were found to be far more robust during aerosol capture. Although the grafted membranes underperformed compared to the nongrafted ones, they still captured 20% to 40% more aerosol content sized between 3.5 and 6.0 µm (the known size range of exhaled aerosol from typical human saliva) than the woven controls. The fabrication, functionalization, and exhaled aerosol capture of these large‐scale nanofiber membranes underscores the importance of assessing the lifetime, and usability, of electrospun materials before future integration with diagnostic sensing platforms can be successfully achieved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44759.
Effect of changing tropical easterly jet, low level jet and quasi‐biennial oscillation phases on Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Rai P. , Dimri A. P.
Published: January 2017

Using the National Center for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis wind and homogeneous Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall data during June, July, August and September (JJAS) for the period of 1953–2012, a long‐term trend has been extracted in the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) and lower level jet (Somali jet/LLJ) along with the rainfall trend over Indian region using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique. The zonal wind speed at 100 hPa shows an increasing trend, while a decreasing trend is observed at 850 hPa. The quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) phases, i.e. west and east phase, show a clear difference in wind anomalies at 100 and 850 hPa. A good (bad) monsoon year during the west (east) phase is confirmed on the basis of wind anomalies, velocity potential and divergent wind.
Development of efficient stop planning optimization process for high‐speed rail systems
Authors: Lai Yung‐Cheng , Shih Mei‐Cheng , Chen Guei‐Hao
Published: January 2017

The Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) has recently added three additional stations to its original network. Although the three additional stations can improve accessibility to the system, these new stations can present difficulties in the transportation planning process, particularly for planning of train stops. The additional stations may benefit some passengers, but may also lengthen the travel time for the other passengers. Therefore, the main challenge faced by THSR is finding an efficient way to design appropriate stopping patterns. Past studies on stop planning usually adopted meta‐heuristics or decomposition methods to solve this complex problem. Although these solution techniques can improve solution efficiency, none of them can guarantee the optimality of the solution and capture the transfer movement of different stopping patterns. In this research, we proposed an innovative network structure to address complex stop planning problems for high‐speed rail systems. Given its special network structure, two binary integer programming models were developed to simultaneously form and determine the optimal stopping patterns for real‐world THSR stop planning problems. An optimization process was also developed to accurately estimate the station transfer time corresponding to the variation in stopping patterns and passenger flow. Results of the case studies suggest that the proposed binary integer programming models exhibit superior solution quality and efficiency over existing exact optimization models. Consequently, using this stop planning optimization process can help high‐speed rail system planners in designing optimal stopping patterns that correspond to passenger demand. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical techniques reveal that total ammonium stress increases electron flow to anode respiration in mixed‐species bacterial anode biofilms
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed , Parameswaran Prathap , Torres César I. , Rittmann Bruce E.
Published: January 2017

When anode‐respiring bacteria (ARB) respire electrons to an anode in microbial electrochemical cells (MXCs), they harvest only a small amount of free energy. This means that ARB must have a high substrate‐oxidation rate coupled with a high ratio of electrons used for respiration compared to total electrons removed by substrate utilization. It also means that they are especially susceptible to inhibition that slows anode respiration or lowers their biomass yield. Using several electrochemical techniques, we show that a relatively high total ammonium‐nitrogen (TAN) concentration (2.2 g TAN/L) induced significant stress on the ARB biofilms, lowering their true yield and forcing the ARB to boost the ratio of electrons respired per electrons consumed from the substrate. In particular, a higher respiration rate, measured as current density (j), was associated with slower growth and a lower net yield, compared to an ARB biofilm grown with a lower ammonium concentration (0.2 g TAN/L). Further increases in influent TAN (to 3 and then to 4.4 g TAN/L) caused nearly complete inhibition of anode respiration. However, the ARB could recover from high‐TAN inhibition after a shift of the MXC's feed to 0.2 g TAN/L. In summary, ARB biofilms were inhibited by a high TAN concentration, but could divert more electron flow toward anode respiration with modest inhibition and recover when severe inhibition was relieved. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1151–1159. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human pathogens in plant biofilms: Formation, physiology, and detection
Authors: Ximenes Eduardo , Hoagland Lori , Ku Seockmo , Li Xuan , Ladisch Michael
Published: January 2017

Fresh produce, viewed as an essential part of a healthy life style is usually consumed in the form of raw or minimally processed fruits and vegetables, and is a potentially important source of food‐borne human pathogenic bacteria and viruses. These are passed on to the consumer since the bacteria can form biofilms or otherwise populate plant tissues, thereby using plants as vectors to infect animal hosts. The life cycle of the bacteria in plants differs from those in animals or humans and results in altered physiochemical and biological properties (e.g., physiology, immunity, native microflora, physical barriers, mobility, and temperature). Mechanisms by which healthy plants may become contaminated by microorganisms, develop biofilms, and then pass on their pathogenic burden to people are explored in the context of hollow fiber microfiltration by which plant‐derived microorganisms may be recovered and rapidly concentrated to facilitate study of their properties. Enzymes, when added to macerated plant tissues, hydrolyze or alter macromolecules that would otherwise foul hollow‐fiber microfiltration membranes. Hence, microfiltration may be used to quickly increase the concentration of microorganisms to detectable levels. This review discusses microbial colonization of vegetables, formation and properties of biofilms, and how hollow fiber microfiltration may be used to concentrate microbial targets to detectable levels. The use of added enzymes helps to disintegrate biofilms and minimize hollow fiber membrane fouling, thereby providing a new tool for more time effectively elucidating mechanisms by which biofilms develop and plant tissue becomes contaminated with human pathogens. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1403–1418. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term follow‐up of autogenous tooth bone graft blocks with dental implants
Authors: Kim Young‐Kyun , Pang Kang‐Mi , Yun Pil‐Young , Leem Dae‐Ho , Um In‐Woong
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical Message

Demineralized dentin matrix block (ABTB: Autogenous Tooth Bone Graft Block) is 3‐D scaffold with same components and geometry with alveolar bone. ABTB is well incorporated and remodelled into cortico‐cancellous bone with dental implant. The shape and volume were maintained with little marginal bone loss after average 44 months of follow‐up.
Effects of Surface Modification on the Catalytic Performances of Nickel Sulfide Nanocatalysts for Residue Hydrocracking: A Monte Carlo Simulation and Experimental Study
Authors: Du Hui , Liu Dong , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Zhaojun , Xia Haibo , Lu Fuwei , Zhang Yadong , Xia Kai , Jia Rui
Published: January 2017

Saturates, aromatics, resin, and C7 asphaltene (SARA) fractions of feedstock were analyzed systematically, and molecular models were constructed. The Monte Carlo method was utilized to investigate the intermolecular interactions between SARA fractions and the ligands absorbed on nickel sulfide nanocatalysts. Additionally, the structural characteristics of the hydrocracked products were analyzed by using elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy to study the effect of surface modification on the catalytic performances of nickel sulfide nanocatalysts. Simulation results reveal that oleic acid and 1‐dodecanethiol have a better miscibility with aromatic fractions of residue than cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and that oleic acid has a high affinity and selectivity to C7 asphaltene. Adsorption experiments show that nickel sulfide nanocatalysts modified with oleic acid and 1‐dodecanethiol present a certain “core affinity” in the diffusion of residue colloid, which leads to a higher catalyst concentration in C7 asphaltene than the average value in the feedstock. Subsequently, experimental data demonstrate that surface modification with oleic acid and 1‐dodecanethiol enhances the catalytic activity of nickel sulfide nanocatalysts, which also facilitates the hydrogenation of C7 asphaltene. Furthermore, nickel sulfide nanocatalysts modified with oleic acid show the best hydrogenation and anticoke activity because of the affinity between oleic acid and C7 asphaltene.
A Divalent Pentastable Redox‐Switchable Donor–Acceptor Rotaxane
Authors: Schröder Hendrik V. , Hupatz Henrik , Achazi Andreas J. , Sobottka Sebastian , Sarkar Biprajit , Paulus Beate , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: January 2017

Donor–acceptor materials with small HOMO–LUMO gaps are important in molecular electronics, but are often difficult to synthesise. A simple and efficient way to position tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) as the donor and naphthalene diamide (NDI) as the acceptor in close proximity to each other in a divalent crown/ammonium pseudo[2]rotaxane is presented. The divalent design provides high chelate cooperativity and much stronger binding compared with a monovalent analogue. The pseudo[2]rotaxane was then doubly interlocked by stoppering it in a catalyst‐free 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. UV/Vis and cyclic voltammetry experiments with the resulting [2]rotaxane revealed the optoelectronic properties of an intramolecular charge transfer with a small HOMO–LUMO energy gap. Redox‐switching experiments showed the rotaxane to be pentastable. DFT calculations provided insights into the electronic structures of the five redox states.
4,7‐Bis[3‐(dimesitylboryl)thien‐2‐yl]benzothiadiazole: Solvato‐, Thermo‐, and Mechanochromism Based on the Reversible Formation of an Intramolecular B−N Bond
Authors: Shimogawa Hiroyuki , Yoshikawa Osamu , Aramaki Yoshitaka , Murata Michihisa , Wakamiya Atsushi , Murata Yasujiro
Published: January 2017

4,7‐Bis‐[3‐(dimesitylboryl)thien‐2‐yl]benzothiadiazole (1) and monoborylated derivative 2 were synthesized and their chromic behavior was investigated. Photophysical measurements, single‐crystal XRD analysis, and theoretical calculations revealed that an intramolecular B−N coordination bond formed reversibly. The equilibrium of this reversible bond formation depends on the solid‐state structure, solvent, temperature, and mechanical forces, and leads to significant changes in the electronic structure and chromic behavior of these molecules. The responsiveness toward external stimuli, resulting in the reversible formation of open and closed forms of this system, is achieved through weak intramolecular B−N coordination bonds induced by the steric bulk of the mesityl groups on the boron centers.
Cancer preventive services, socioeconomic status, and the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Cooper Gregory S. , Kou Tzuyung Doug , Dor Avi , Koroukian Siran M. , Schluchter Mark D.
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Out‐of‐pocket expenditures are thought to be an important barrier to the receipt of cancer preventive services, especially for those of a lower socioeconomic status (SES). The Affordable Care Act (ACA) eliminated out‐of‐pocket expenditures for recommended services, including mammography and colonoscopy. The objective of this study was to determine changes in the uptake of mammography and colonoscopy among fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries before and after ACA implementation.

METHODS

Using Medicare claims data, this study identified women who were 70 years old or older and had not undergone mammography in the previous 2 years and men and women who were 70 years old or older, were at increased risk for colorectal cancer, and had not undergone colonoscopy in the past 5 years. The receipt of procedures in the 2‐year period before the ACA's implementation (2009‐2010) and after its implementation (2011 to September 2012) was also identified. Multivariate generalized estimating equation models were used to determine the independent association and county‐level quartile of median income and education with the receipt of testing.

RESULTS

For mammography, a lower SES quartile was associated with less uptake, but the post‐ACA disparities were smaller than those in the pre‐ACA period. In addition, mammography rates increased from the pre‐ACA period to the post‐ACA period in all SES quartiles. For colonoscopy, in both the pre‐ and post‐ACA periods, there was an association between uptake and educational level and, to some extent, income. However, there were no appreciable changes in colonoscopy and SES after implementation of the ACA.

CONCLUSIONS

The removal of out‐of‐pocket expenditures may overcome a barrier to the receipt of recommended preventive services, but for colonoscopy, other procedural factors may remain as deterrents. Cancer 2017;123:1585–1589. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of uncertainties for CIELAB color coordinates
Authors: Wübbeler Gerd , Campos Acosta Joaquin , Elster Clemens
Published: January 2017

CIELAB color coordinates are characteristics of visible object's spectra widely used in color science, and a reliable evaluation of the uncertainty associated with measured color coordinates is desirable. The calculation of CIELAB color coordinates requires the application of a nonlinear transformation. We consider two ways to calculate the uncertainty of CIELAB color coordinates that originates from the uncertainty of the observed spectrum. The first approach is based on a linearization of the nonlinear transformation and a propagation of variances and covariances. The second approach is a Monte Carlo procedure that completely accounts for the nonlinearity of the transformation. While the approach based on linearization results in analytical formulas, the adequacy of linearization ought to be checked and the proposed Monte Carlo method can serve as a reference method for this purpose. We illustrate such proceeding in a large range of scenarios and explore those cases for which the method based on linearization may safely be applied.
Docusate Ionic Liquids: Effect of Cation on Water Solubility and Solvent Extraction Behavior
Authors: Depuydt Daphne , Dehaen Wim , Binnemans Koen
Published: January 2017

Ionic liquids with the docusate (dioctyl sulfosuccinate or DOSS) anion are described. Docusate is incorporated into several phosphonium ionic liquids, including tetrabutylphosphonium and phosphonium cations functionalized with an ester, carboxylic acid, or ethylene glycol group. All synthesized ionic liquids are immiscible with water except the compound with the ethylene glycol moiety in the cation, [P444E3][DOSS]. This ionic liquid exhibits a lower critical solution temperature phase behavior upon mixing with water, to yield a homogeneous phase at temperatures below 19 °C, resulting in fast kinetics for homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction. The metal extraction capabilities for both divalent and trivalent metal ions are compared for this thermomorphic ionic liquid and the other hydrophobic docusate ionic liquids in an initial screening test. [P444E3][DOSS] is selected to perform separations on the Sm/Co and La/Ni pairs, because of their relevance in the recycling of samarium cobalt magnets and nickel metal hydride batteries. The extraction mechanism is studied, and stripping of the metals is investigated.
On the Structure–Property Relationships of Cation‐Exchanged ZK‐5 Zeolites for CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Pham Trong D. , Hudson Matthew R. , Brown Craig M. , Lobo Raul F.
Published: January 2017

The CO2 adsorption properties of cation‐exchanged Li‐, Na‐, K‐, and Mg‐ZK‐5 zeolites were correlated to the molecular structures determined by Rietveld refinements of synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction patterns. Li‐, K‐, and Na‐ZK‐5 all exhibited high isosteric heats of adsorption (Qst) at low CO2 coverage, with Na‐ZK‐5 having the highest Qst (ca. 49 kJ mol−1). Mg2+ was located at the center of the zeolite hexagonal prism with the cation inaccessible to CO2, leading to a much lower Qst (ca. 30 kJ mol−1) and lower overall uptake capacity. Multiple CO2 adsorption sites were identified at a given CO2 loading amount for all four cation‐exchanged ZK‐5 adsorbents. Site A at the flat eight‐membered ring windows and site B/B* in the γ‐cages were the primary adsorption sites in Li‐ and Na‐ZK‐5 zeolites. Relatively strong dual‐cation adsorption sites contributed significantly to an enhanced electrostatic interaction for CO2 in all ZK‐5 samples. This interaction gives rise to a migration of Li+ and Mg2+ cations from their original locations at the center of the hexagonal prisms toward the α‐cages, in which they interact more strongly with the adsorbed CO2.
Energy‐aware cross‐layer resource allocation in mobile cloud
Authors: Chunlin Li , Yanpei Liu , Youlong Luo
Published: January 2017

This paper proposed an energy‐aware cross‐layer mobile cloud resource allocation approach. In this paper, a hybrid cloud architecture is adopted for provisioning mobile service to mobile device users, which include nearby local cloud and remote public cloud. The computation‐intensive tasks can be processed by the remote public cloud, while the delay‐sensitive computation can be processed by the nearby local cloud. On the basis of the system context and mobile user preferences, the energy‐aware cross‐layer mobile cloud resource allocation approach can optimize the consumption of cloud resource and system performance. The cooperation and collaboration among local cloud agent, public cloud supplier, and mobile cloud user are regulated through the economic approach. The energy‐aware cross‐layer mobile cloud resource allocation is performed on the local cloud level and the public cloud level, which comprehensively considers the benefits of all participants. The energy‐aware cross‐layer mobile cloud resource allocation algorithm is proposed, which is evaluated in the experiment environment, and comparison results and analysis are discussed.
C–C Bond Formation by Oxidative Ring‐Opening Homocoupling of Cyclobutanols
Authors: Zeng Huiying , Pan Pan , Chen Jinping , Gong Hang , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: January 2017

The formation of a C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond by oxidative ring‐opening homocoupling of cyclobutanols was explored. A broad scope of 1‐substituted cyclobutanols were transformed into C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond‐formation products by oxidative ring opening in good to high yields under exceptionally mild conditions in an open flask in just 30 s.
Adjustable vertical vibration isolator with a variable ellipse curve mechanism
Authors: Asai Takehiko , Araki Yoshikazu , Kimura Kosuke , Masui Takeshi
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a passive vertical quasi‐zero‐stiffness vibration isolator intended for relatively small objects. The present isolator has features of compactness, long stroke, and adjustability to various load capabilities. To realize these features, we use constant‐force springs, which sustain constant load regardless of their elongation, and propose a variable ellipse curve mechanism that is inspired by the principle of ellipsographs. The variable ellipse curve mechanism can convert the restoring force of the horizontally placed constant‐force springs to the vertical restoring force of the vibration isolator. At the same time as converting the direction, the vertical restoring force can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the semi‐minor axis to the semi‐major one of the ellipse. In this study, a prototype of a class of quasi‐zero‐stiffness vibration isolator with the proposed variable ellipse curve mechanism is created. Shaking table tests are performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the present mechanism, where the prototype is subjected to various sinusoidal and earthquake ground motions. It is demonstrated through the shaking table tests that the prototype can reduce the response acceleration within the same specified tolerance even when the mass of the vibration isolated object is changed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The concept of travelling bedload and its consequences for bedload computation in mountain streams
Authors: Piton Guillaume , Recking Alain
Published: January 2017

In bedload transport modelling, it is usually presumed that transported material is fed by the bed itself. This may not be true in some mountain streams where the bed can be very coarse and immobile for the majority of common floods, whereas a finer material, supplied by bed‐external sources, is efficiently transported during floods, with marginal morphological activities. This transport mode was introduced in an earlier paper as ‘travelling bedload’. It could be considered an extension of the washload concept of suspension, applied to bedload transport in high‐energy, heavily armoured streams. Since this fine material is poorly represented in the bed surface, standard surface‐based approaches are likely to strongly underestimate the true transport in such streams. This paper proposes a simple method to account for travelling bedload in bedload transport estimations. The method is tested on published datasets and on a typical Alpine stream, the Roize (Voreppe, France). The results, particularly on active streams that experience greater transport than expected from the grain sizes of their bed material, reinforce the necessity of accounting for the ‘travelling bedload concept’ in bedload computation. The method relevance is discussed regarding varying flood magnitudes, geomorphic responses and eventual anthropic origin of the ‘travelling bedload’ phenomena. To conclude, this paper considers how to compute bedload transport for a wide range of situations, ranging from sediment‐starved cases to the general mobile bed alluvial case, including the intermediate situation of external source supply on armoured bed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addressing reverse inference in psychiatric neuroimaging: Meta‐analyses of task‐related brain activation in common mental disorders
Authors: Sprooten Emma , Rasgon Alexander , Goodman Morgan , Carlin Ariella , Leibu Evan , Lee Won Hee , Frangou Sophia
Published: January 2017

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in psychiatry use various tasks to identify case‐control differences in the patterns of task‐related brain activation. Differently activated regions are often ascribed disorder‐specific functions in an attempt to link disease expression and brain function. We undertook a systematic meta‐analysis of data from task‐fMRI studies to examine the effect of diagnosis and study design on the spatial distribution and direction of case‐control differences on brain activation. We mapped to atlas regions coordinates of case‐control differences derived from 537 task‐fMRI studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and obsessive compulsive disorder comprising observations derived from 21,427 participants. The fMRI tasks were classified according to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). We investigated whether diagnosis, RDoC domain or construct and use of regions‐of‐interest or whole‐brain analyses influenced the neuroanatomical pattern of results. When considering all primary studies, we found an effect of diagnosis for the amygdala and caudate nucleus and an effect of RDoC domains and constructs for the amygdala, hippocampus, putamen and nucleus accumbens. In contrast, whole‐brain studies did not identify any significant effect of diagnosis or RDoC domain or construct. These results resonate with prior reports of common brain structural and genetic underpinnings across these disorders and caution against attributing undue specificity to brain functional changes when forming explanatory models of psychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1846–1864, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delayed Morbidity Following Prostaglandin‐Induced Abortion
Authors: Mackenzie I. Z. , Hillier Keith
Published: January 2017

MacKenzie, I. Z. and Hillier, K. (Nuffield Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, England). Delayed morbidity following prostaglandin‐induced abortion.

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 209–214, 1975.

Delayed morbidity in 307 patients who had a prostaglandin‐induced abortion 18 months or more previously, has been assessed. Two hundred and sixty‐six replies to questionnaires sent to patients and a further 41 from their general practitioners were analysed to assess reproductive performance and general health subsequent to abortion. Eleven patients had depressive illness including one who attempted suicide shortly after abortion, but no other significant interim illnesses were reported. Menstrual symptoms were infrequent. Fifty‐three pregnancies in 46 of the 307 patients have subsequently occurred, eight resulting in spontaneous abortion, 13 in a further therapeutic abortion and one ectopic pregnancy. In the term pregnancies morbidity was low. The usage of adequate contraception at the time of follow‐up was found to be 80.5% compared with only 33.8% before abortion.
Modified Radical Hysterectomy in Treatment of in Situ and Microinvasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: Jafari Kianoosh , Cartnick Edward N. , Talebian Farhad
Published: January 2017

Jafari, K., Cartnick, E. N. and Talebian, F. (Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nassau County Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, and Health Sciences Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA). Modified radical hysterectomy in treatment of in situ and microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 215–218, 1975.

This review of the records of 100 patients evaluates the management of in situ and microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix by modified radical hysterectomy in a county hospital from 1970 through 1973. There was no greater incidence of morbidity in 50 patients with early cervical neoplasia who were treated by modified radical hysterectomy than of those 50 patients with benign disease who were treated by simple abdominal hysterectomy. Safety of this procedure has also been documented by other authors. However, whether we are achieving a superior result in treatment of early cervical neoplasia by performing modified radical hysterectomy versus simple hysterectomy remains unanswered at present.
The Clinical Significance of Deviations in Fetal Growth
Authors: Abdul‐Karim Raja W.
Published: January 2017

R. W. Abdul‐Karim, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, N.Y., USA). The clinical significance of deviations in fetal growth.

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 257–267, 1975

The most commonly employed standard for fetal growth is that of its weight. Such standards have certain drawbacks in that they are based on the weights of preterm liveborn (hence by definition the product of an abnormal pregnancy and not necessarily reflecting the weight of a fetus remaining in utero) and quite frequently are not available for the specific population of a given neonate. The factors that influence fetal weight include paternal size, particularly maternal weight, altitude, fetal sex, multiple pregnancy and race. The construction of intrauterine growth curves must take these into consideration. The importance of considering fetal weight in relation to its gestational age is now evident. Deviations from normal fetal growth are defined rather arbitrarily. The most commonly used limits are those below or above 2 S.D. from the mean or the 10th and 90th percentiles. Such statistical group‐partal, intrapartal and postpartal prognosis varies as to factors accounting for their growth deviation. This in part explains the varied results reported on the follow‐up of these newborns. Fetuses whose birth weight falls below 2 S.D. or the 10th percentile are termed growth retarded. As a group such fetuses have a higher perinatal mortality and morbidity, and their postnatal growth is compromised. However, such newborns do not represent a homogeneous group and their ante‐partal, intrapartal, and postpartal prognosis varies as to whether the infant was the product of a pregnancy complicated by maternal (e.g. toxemias, diabetes) or fetal (e.g. infection, chromosomal abnormalities) disease or was the result of an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy. In any case the special predilection of growth retarded fetuses to antepartum, intrapartum and neonatal problems warrants intensive assessments during these periods in its development. The growth accelerated (or large for dates) fetus has received less extensive investigation than its counterpart. Such fetuses are often associated with tall heavy mothers or those with certain metabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes, hyperthyroidism). Because of their size they can present obstetrical problems and their postnatal development may be jeopardized. However, there is suggestive evidence that some of the uninjured newborns may have an enhanced postnatal development not only in stature, but mentally as well. It is hoped that the currently available experimental model of growth accelerated fetuses may lead to a better understanding of this aspect of fetal development.
Female Sterilization Using the Tubal Ring
Authors: Quiñones Rodolfo , Edelman David A. , Alvarado Alberto , Ley Eligio , Goldsmith Alfredo
Published: January 2017

Quiñones, R., Edelman, D. A., Alvarado, A., Ley, E. and Goldsmith, A. (Hospital de Gíneco‐Obstetricia, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, México City, México, and International Fertility Research Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA). Female sterilization using the tubal ring.

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 489–493, 1976.

The surgical and early postoperative complications were evaluated in a study of 221 laparoscopies and 29 minilaparotomies in which tubal occlusions were performed with the application of tubal rings. For either procedure, complications were infrequent. None of the procedures had to be completed by another technique of tubal occlusion, and none of the patients required an extended hospitalization for the treatment of a complication. Among the 79 patients who have been followed up for more than 6 months, no pregnancies have been reported. The tubal ring technique appears to be safe and effective when used with either laparoscopy or minilaparotomy.
Toward Stationary Populations and Beyond
Authors: Kessel Elton
Published: January 2017

The world's rate of population growth is declining. Most industrialized societies have achieved or are moving rapidly toward stationary populations, but while birth rates are also declining in many developing countries, continued growth must be expected because of the large proportions of young people in these populations. New evidence of exceptions to the classical demographic transition theory indicate that declining fertility is compatible with high mortality or low socioeconomic development if acceptable means of fertility control are readily available. “Fertility silhouettes” showing differing age‐specific fertility rates indicate that present family planning programs have had a demographic impact. A review of the economic and ecologic consequences of rapid population growth justifies the conclusion that considerable effort will be required to again bring the world's population into balance with these systems. The author outlines priorities for this effort, with emphasis on the need to devise acceptable means of fertility control that will not tax the frail health care infrastructures of developing countries.
Total Serum Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Phospholipids During the Normal Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Punnonen Reijo
Published: January 2017

Ten healthy women (mean age, 29 years) with regular menstrual cycles of 26 to 29 days were tested for levels of total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and estradiol three times during one menstrual cycle—during menstruation, at ovulation, and in the luteal phase. All studies were performed simultaneously. Lipid variations during the menstrual cycle were minimal. Total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids did not correlate with changes in the serum estradiol levels.
The Role of Methylergonovine Maleate in Augmenting Extraamniotic Saline for Midtrimester Abortion
Authors: Narvekar M. R. , Pachauri Saroj , Mhatre Veena , Ganguli A. C.
Published: January 2017

This study was conducted in Bombay, India, to evaluate the role of oral methylergonovine maleate (Methergine®, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, N. J., USA) in augmenting the effect of intermittent extraamniotic instillation of 20% saline for midtrimester abortion in 200 patients. Methylergonovine maleate (MEM) administration was randomly allocated to half the study subjects. All the study procedures were performed by a single operator, and to minimize evaluator bias, another physician evaluated all the study patients after abortion. This study showed that a statistically significant higher percentage of patients in the MEM treated group aborted within 24 hours. At 36 and 48 hours, the differences were not statistically significant, although the cumulative abortion rates were higher for subjects who received the drug than for those who did not. The incidence of incomplete abortions was lower for those treated with MEM than for those not treated with the drug, but the difference was not statistically significant. The rates of complications and side effects were similar for both study groups.
Galactorrhea and the Defective Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Mahgoub S. El
Published: January 2017

Twelve patients with primary infertility due to a defective luteal phase associated with hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea are reported. All were treated with 2‐bromoergocryptine. During the first cycle of therapy, the serum prolactin level decreased in all cases, and galactorrhea disappeared during the second cycle of therapy. Seven women responded to 2‐bromoergocryptine, as was reflected in their endometrial biopsies. The remaining five were given clomiphene citrate on the second and sixth days of the next 2‐bromoergocryptine cycle. Three of these patients responded favorably to this combined therapy. Six pregnancies were reported during therapy. The results of follow‐up after labor or abortion suggested that these cases represent a latent stage of the amenorrhea‐galactorrhea syndrome.
Pregnancy and Labor in Tanzanian Primigravidae Aged 15 Years and Under
Authors: Arkutu A. A.
Published: January 2017

The outcome of pregnancy and labor in 259 Tanzanian primigravidae 15 years and under is compared with that of 377 primigravidae between the ages of 21 and 25. The risk of antenatal complications, such as anemia, and premature labor and low birth weight babies was much higher in the younger age group. There was no difference in the incidence of preeclampsia or complications during labor between the two groups. The younger women had a lower perinatal mortality rate than the controls.
Uterine and Peripheral Hematologic Profiles in Molar Pregnancy
Authors: Lopez‐Llera Mario , Ramos José Niz , de la Luz Espinosa María
Published: January 2017

The potential differences in hematologic profiles of blood samples drawn simultaneously from the right utero‐ovarian vein and from the upper extremity were investigated in four patients with uncomplicated molar pregnancy in stable obstetric conditions. The patients had undergone no previous chemotherapy and were scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomies. The dominant abnormalities in uterine venous blood were prolongation of thrombin time; shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time; positive protamine sulfate test; and increase in coagulation factors II and VII, with a tendency to low values in factor V. Peripheral samples gave almost parallel results in all altered and normal tests, except in one case with very striking differences in factors II, V, VII and X. Several local and systemic influences are discussed. It is concluded that molar pregnancy seems to have important systemic mechanisms affecting the stability of the blood coagulation homeostasis, which act in addition to those at a local level.
Recessive Congenital Myotonia and Pregnancy
Authors: Schwartz Irwin L. , Dingfelder James R. , O'Tuama Lorcan , Swift Michael
Published: January 2017

There is a group of genetic disorders of muscle associated with myotonia. Congenital myotonia, usually a benign disorder and myotonic dystrophy, potentially a serious disorder, belong to this group. Uterine recordings during labor in patients with congenital myotonia have not been previously reported. These records have been abnormal in patients with myotonic dystrophy which has been associated with serious obstetric complications. A case of congenital myotonia in pregnancy is reported. The record of uterine contractions was normal. Although the patient delivered a stillborn male, the etiology of the intrauterine fetal demise is obscure.
Umbilical Mass as a Presenting Symptom of Endometrial Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bukovsky I. , Lifshitz Y. , Langer R. , Reif R. , Caspi E.
Published: January 2017

A case of an umbilical mass as a primary presenting symptom of otherwise asymptomatic endometrial adenocarcinoma is reported. The pertinent literature is reviewed with regard to the relation of the umbilical mass to metastatic carcinoma.
Induction of Ovulation with Epimestrol and Luteinizing Hormone‐Releasing Hormone (LH‐RH)
Authors: Maia H. , Barbosa I. , Maia H. , Nascimento A. J. , de Souza M. Bonfim
Published: January 2017

Luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH) was used to induce LH surge and ovulation in 20 patients in whom follicular maturation was provoked by epimestrol, used in a dose of 5 mg/day from the fifth to 14th day of the cycle. Patients with elevated prolaction levels and galactorrhea were not included in the study. Complete follicular maturation, as inferred by estradiol levels above 200 pg/ml, were observed in 13 of 20 patients following epimestrol treatment. LH‐RH induced ovulation in 90% of these patients following a three‐day course of treatment. Normal corpus luteum function with progesterone levels above 8 ng/ml was observed in most cases. Five pregnancies occurred in the first two cycles of treatment. In patients with low estradiol levels, following epimestrol priming, the administration of LH‐RH did not result in ovulation.
Intraamniotic Injection of Methylene Blue Leading to Methemoglobinemia in One of Twins
Authors: Spahr Robert C. , Salsburey Donna Jean , Krissberg Allen , Prin William
Published: January 2017

The practice of injecting pregnant women with methylene blue to detect membrane rupture and differentiate twin sacs is discussed. The authors recommend caution in the use of substances with potential adverse fetal effects.
Spontaneous Uterine Rupture with Placenta Percreta: A Case Report
Authors: Arkutu A. A.
Published: January 2017

A case of spontaneous uterine rupture resulting from placenta percreta is described. The patient was treated by cesarean section and abdominal hysterectomy. The etiology, clinical features and management of this rare complication of pregnancy are briefly discussed.
Gynecologic and Obstetric Complications of Female Circumcision
Authors: Aziz F. A.
Published: January 2017

Although female circumcision is a mutilating operation and has been illegal in the Sudan since 1945, it is an old tradition and is still performed on about two thirds of Sudanese women. The three types of female circumcision are described and the gynecologic and obstetric complications experienced by 7505 circumcised women are discussed.
The Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System, Antidiuretic Hormone Levels and Water Balance Under Tocolytic Therapy with Fenoterol and Verapamil
Authors: Grospietsch G. , Fenske M. , Girndt J. , Uhlich E. , Kuhn W.
Published: January 2017

The effects of long‐term infusion of fenoterol (a β2‐sympathomimetic drug) in combination with the calcium antagonist verapamil on water balance, the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and antidiuretic hormone during pregnancy were studied. Within two hours of the start of infusion, plasma renin and antidiuretic hormone levels were significantly increased, but plasma aldosterone was strongly decreased. There was a concomitant marked reduction of urinary, sodium, and potassium excretion and a decreased creatinine clearance. The long‐lasting reduction of urinary excretion which resulted in an elevated water retention is apparently due to other unknown factors. Results are discussed with special regard to the relationship between water balance disturbances and pulmonary edema.
The Relation Between Apgar Score and Subsequent Developmental Functioning
Authors: Kreisler C. , Levin S. , Klutznik A. , Mintz M. , Aviram A. , Insler V.
Published: January 2017

A randomly selected sample of 252 infants aged 5‐18 months was evaluated through medical and developmental examinations. Developmental achievement scores and factors such as management of delivery and fetal distress were studied in relation to Apgar scores. Low‐Apgar‐score infants aged 5‐8 months achieved consistently lower scores on all developmental fields. High‐Apgar‐score infants at younger and older ages did not differ on their achievement scores. Low Apgar score was much more frequent in infants delivered by vacuum extraction than in those delivered spontaneously, with forceps or by cesarian section. The frequency of low Apgar score was higher when fetal distress occurred.
The Effects of Adrenalectomy in the Ovine Fetus
Authors: Ayromlooi Jahangir
Published: January 2017

The effects of fetal lamb adrenalectomy (Adx) on brain function, metabolism and lung development were studied in seven experiments. Thirty‐two fetal adrenalectomies were performed at gestational ages ranging from 112 to 116 days. “Indwelling” catheters were placed in maternal and fetal circulation for chronic sampling in 15 experiments. All catheterized fetuses were spontaneously aborted within 25 days postsurgery. Of 17 noncatheterized fetuses, seven (five twins and two singletons) survived to near term (136‐144 days), at which time they were studied for the effects of Adx. Maternal plasma Cortisol concentration did not differ significantly between Adx and C (control) (Adx: 16.54 ± 2.54 μg%; C: 18.1 ± 2.65 μg%). Fetal plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly lower in Adx than in C fetuses (Adx: 1.56 μg% ± 0.35 μg%; C: 9.6 ± 2.43 μg%; p < 0.025).

In mitogen tests, lymphocytes from C fetuses showed responses greater in magnitude than their Adx twins. Five of the seven Adx fetuses showed immature EEG tracing in comparison with the age‐matched control (twin C or singleton C). Quantitative measurement by light microscopy revealed significantly fewer giant alveolar or type II cells in four of six Adx fetuses, as opposed to the age‐matched twin C or singleton C (p < 0.01). The relative immaturity of the brain function and lung development in the third trimester Adx fetuses probably indicates that fetal adrenal glands are important in the development of these vital organs.
Physiologic Studies of Menstrual Blood Loss
Authors: Hefnawi F. , El‐Zayat A. F. , Yacout M. M.
Published: January 2017

Two physiologic studies of menstrual blood loss in Egyptian women are presented below. In the first, an attempt was made to establish the normal range of menstrual blood loss of Egyptian women, to test their individual consistency in the amount of menstrual blood loss and to determine the iron requirements needed to compensate for iron loss and prevent iron deficiency anemia in menstruating Egyptian women. In the second, physiologic and other variables affecting the magnitude of menstrual blood loss in Egyptian women were investigated.