bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inscriptions de Tébessa d'après les archives de Paul-Albert Février
Authors: Corbier Paul , Gascou Jacques
Published: February 2012

Publication de 47 inscriptions de Tébessa (42 inédites et 5 révisées), toutes des funéraires. On peut signaler, au nombre des épitaphes les plus intéressantes, celle d'un vétéran d'origine gauloise de la fin du Ier siècle. Un autre vétéran apparaît à la même époque ou au début du IIe siècle. La relecture d'une inscription anciennement publiée permet d'écarter l'idée selon laquelle un Lusitanien de Conimbriga aurait servi en Afrique. Trois autres inscriptions, celles d'un adiutor a commentariis, d'un esclave impérial vraisemblablement de Marc Aurèle et de Lucius Verus, et d'un Augusti nostri uerna, confirment le rôle de Théveste comme chef-lieu d'une circonscription financière et domaniale. Des gentilices jusqu'à présent inconnus dans cette cité ou dans la région environnante font leur apparition. Sur le plan du vocabulaire, on note le mot exitus qui se rencontre pour la seconde fois en Afrique avec le sens de « tombeau ». Le mot oecurus, transcription d'un vocable grec et jusqu'à maintenant inconnu dans le lexique latin, apparaît pour la première fois, avec le sens de « gardien de maison ».
Remploi de monnaies romaines à l'époque ziride. [Analyse d'échantillons d'un trésor découvert à la Qal'a des Banu Hammâd (Algérie)]
Authors: Laily P.A. , Brissaud Isabelle , Frontier J.-P. , Jehanno C.
Published: February 2012

Nous présentons les résultats de l'analyse de pièces de monnaie contenues dans le Trésor de la Qal'a des Banu Hammâd dans la région du Djebel Hodna. Ce trésor trouvé en 1960 compte de nombreuses coupures provenant de stocks différents : stock romain, stock des gouverneurs, stock de récupération de vieux lots. Une vingtaine de ces pièces ont été analysées au microscope électronique, puis par une méthode d'analyse nucléaire (PIXE) auprès d'un accélérateur de particules. Ces études chimiques montrent que les coupures sont faites d'un alliage assez grossier, principalement cuivre et argent avec des traces de plomb selon une composition assez similaire pour tous les échantillons.
Roman Cavalry Training and the Riding School of the Mauretanian Horse Guard
Authors: Speidel Michael P.
Published: February 2012

Une pierre tombale de Caesarea de Maurétanie représente un manege en forme de huit (ou double volte). La piste en question se prête parfaitement aux exercices de cavalerie décrits dans la Tactique d'Arrien et prouve qu'il s'agissait de la tombe d'un instructeur de la garde à cheval de la province. Claudien au Ve siècle et Maurice au VI e préconisent encore ce type d'exercice.
Note préliminaire sur une tombe libyco-punique aux îles Kerkenna (Tunisie)
Authors: Fantar Mounir
Published: February 2012

Il s'agit d'une tombe semi-construïte composée de deux compartiments disposés en équerre et munie d'aménagements annexes (auges-sarcophages et niche). D'après la structure tombale et le mobilier funéraire, cet hypogée daterait du début du IIIe siècle avant notre ère.
L'honneur de Régulus
Authors: Le Bohec Yann
Published: February 2012

A new perception of the episode of the death ofRegulusput hack developments and attitudes of Carthaginians as well as Romans in the historical and social conditions of the time.
La dévotion privée et l'art à l'époque carolingienne : le cas de Sainte-Maure de Troyes
Authors: Castes Albert
Published: February 2012

Prudence de Troyes in his Sermo de vita et morte gloriosae virginis Maurae mentions three pictures that were in the cathedral of Troyes. Local sources, more posterior, give many precisions on one of them : A large crucifix, out of wood covered with a silver foil, with three nails and carrying colobium and a royal crown. A sedes sapientiae out of wood and a majesty holding sceptre, probably situated in the apse, completed the whole. The text links these pictures to the devotion of a local virgin to the Saviour and to a virgin from the VIth Mathie and with a vision. In the background we perceive the presence of the carolingian intellectuals' big themes : the cult of the Saviour, predestination.
L'arche de Noé en forme de bateau : naissance d'une tradition iconographique
Authors: Lezzi M. T.
Published: February 2012

Dès les origines de l'art chrétien, l'arche de Noé a été représentée sous forme de caisse, conformément aux Écritures et à l'interprétation des Pères de l'Église. En effet le mot « arche » signifie « caisse » en hébreu, en grec et en latin. L'arche en forme de bateau est représentée pour la première fois sur les fresques d'El- Bagawat en Egypte au Ve s. Cinq siècles plus tard, elle réapparaît sur les croix irlandaises. Le contexte géographique et culturel de ces deux pays si éloignés a permis aux artistes d'adapter la forme de l'arche à leur expérience quotidienne.
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRAVEL ROAD DUSTINESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS USING MOLASSES SOLUTION FOR REDUCING DUSTINESS / ŽVYRKELIO DULKĖJIMO IR APLINKOS SĄLYGŲ SĄRYŠIO STATISTINIS ĮVERTINIMAS, DULKĖJIMUI MAŽINTI NAUDOJANT TIRPALĄ MELASOS PAGRINDU
Authors: Bradulienė Jolita , Vasarevičius Saulius
Published: March 2012

The problem of gravel road dustiness is quite acute. In order to minimize harmful environmental components and to conduct dust reduction tests, molasses materials were chosen. Using the molasses materials of a new generation (solution Safecote) in the Lithuanian market, the obtained results of dustiness have reflected a reduction in particulate matter in the air. During the experiment, gravel road pavement was treated with different degrees of concentration (10%, 20%, 30%) in solution “Safecote” at a driving speed of 30 km/h. Dustiness was measured at different distances from the road (0 m, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m). The undertaken study showed that the concentrations of particulate matter varied under changing weather conditions (air temperature, humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure). The statistical analysis of the received data has revealed that dustiness weakly correlates with temperature (correlation coefficient ranged from 0.12 to 0.67) moving from the road, the correlation coefficient of moisture is negative, a larger distance from the road increases inverse correlation (the correlation coefficient ranges from –0.02 to –0.85), negative correlation decreases moving from the road at a speed of the wind (from –0.72 to –0.06) and pressure correlation remains volatile (from –0.44 to 0.44).

Santrauka

Žvyrkelių dulkėtumo problema yra gana aktuali. Norint kuo mažiau kenkti aplinkos komponentams, dulkėtumo mažinimo tyrimams buvo pasirinkta medžiaga melasos pagrindu. Naudojant Lietuvos rinkoje gana naują melasos pagrindu pagamintą medžiagą (tirpalą „Safecote“) gauti dulkėtumo rezultatai parodė kietųjų dalelių ore mažėjimą. Tyrimų metu žvyrkelis buvo apdorotas skirtingomis tirpalo „Safecote“ koncentracijomis (10 %, 20 %, 30 %), аutomobiliai važiavo 30 km/h greičiu. Dulkėtumas matuotas skirtingais atstumais nuo kelio (0 m, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m). Atliekant tyrimus, pastebėta, kad kietųjų dalelių koncentracija kito, kintant oro sąlygoms (oro temperatūrai, oro drėgmei, vėjo greičiui, atmosferos slėgiui). Atliekant statistinę gautų duomenų analizę nustatyta, kad dulkėtumas tolstant kuo kelio su temperatūra mažai susijęs (temperatūros koreliacijos koeficientas svyravo nuo 0,12 iki 0,67), drėgmės koreliacijos koeficientas buvo neigiamas, o tolstant nuo kelio atvirkštinė koreliacija smarkėjo (koreliacijos koeficientas svyravo nuo –0,02 iki –0,85), tolstant nuo kelio vėjo greičiu neigiama koreliacija mažėjo (nuo –0,72 iki –0,06), o slėgio koreliacinis ryšys buvo nepastovus (nuo –0,44 iki 0,44).
RESEARCH INTO THE FACTORS OF TRANSFERING RADIONUCLIDES FROM SOIL TO THE COMPONENTS OF FRUIT TREES / RADIONUKLIDŲ PERNAŠOS FAKTORIŲ IŠ DIRVOŽEMIO Į VAISMEDŽIŲ SANDUS TYRIMAS
Authors: Brogaitė Dorita , Butkus Donatas , Pliopaitė-Bataitienė Ingrida
Published: March 2012

The study reveals the factors of transferring radionuclides 137Cs, 40K and 232Th from soil under fruit trees to the components of fruit trees. Three fruit trees growing in two different places were chosen. 6 soil samples and apple tree components were taken from Ukmergė city. Kalviškiai near Visaginas town is the second place of growing apple and pear trees to the components of which the transfer of radionuclides was made. The article discusses the methodology of preparing fruit tree components for radiometric research and submits the evaluation methods for transfer factors. The paper analyzes the obtained results of research on transfer factors. The conducted analysis has showed that 137Cs, 40K and 232Th patterns of transfer depend on the type of a fruit tree and on the investigated components. The study has also disclosed that the pear tree collects all examined radionuclides to a greater extent than apple trees. Finally, the evaluation of transferring radionuclides to separate fruit tree components displays that the least amount of 137Cs, 40K and 232Th is found in the fruits of the trees, whereas the biggest - in bark, leaves and roots.

Santrauka

Nagrinėjama radionuklidų 137Cs, 40K ir 232Th pernaša iš po vaismedžiu esančio dirvožemio į tiriamojo vaismedžio sandus. Tirti pasirinkti 3 vaismedžiai iš dviejų skirtingų augimviečių. Pirmoji augimvietė buvo Ukmergės rajonas, Jogvilų k., kurioje tirtas dirvožemis ir obels sandai. Antroji augimvietė – Visagino sen., Kalviškių k., kurioje nagrinėta radionuklidų pernaša iš dirvožemio į kriaušės ir obels sandus. Aptariama dirvožemio ir vaismedžio sandų paruošimo radiometriniam tyrimui metodika. Pateikta pernašos faktorių vertinimo metodika. Analizuojami gauti pernašos faktorių tyrimo rezultatai. Išnagrinėjus rezultatus gauti 137Cs, 40K ir 232Th pernašos dėsningumai, priklausomai nuo vaismedžio rūšies ir nuo nagrinėjamo sando. Gauta, kad kriaušės vaismedis visus tris nagrinėtus radionuklidus kaupia labiau, lyginant su obelimis. Įvertinus radionuklidų pernašą į atskirus vaismedžių sandus nustatyta, kad 137Cs, 40K ir 232Th mažiausiai kaupia vaismedžių vaisiai, labiausiai – žievė, lapai, šaknys.
RESEARCH ON AIR POLLUTANTS NO2 AND SO2 IN RASEINIAI AREA USING PASSIVE SORBENTS AND BIO INDICATIVE METHODS / RASEINIŲ RAJONO ORO UŽTERŠTUMO NO2 IR SO2 TYRIMAI, TAIKANT PASYVIŲJŲ SORBENTŲ BEI BIOINDIKACINIUS METODUS
Authors: Mikelsonaitė Neringa , Kazlauskienė Agnė
Published: March 2012

The carried out research analyzes air pollution in Raseiniai area. SO2 and NO2 exhaustion analysis is based on data for the period 2006–2009 provided by Kaunas Environmental protection department. Two air pollution research methods based on passive sorbents and bio indicators are proposed. The amount of SO2 and NO2 air pollutants is determined by conducting moss (Lichenes) tests and analyzing the fungus of maple leaves (Rhytisma acerinum). The performed research also describes the methods applied for analysis. Initial air quality monitoring using passive sorbents was carried out in the autumn of 2010. The primary results of this research revealed that the amount of analyzed air pollutants was below the permissible norm. In order to get reliable and objective results, research will be continued in the spring and summer of 2011.

Santrauka

Nagrinėjama oro taršos problema Raseinių rajone. Remiantis Kauno regiono aplinkos apsaugos departamento Raseinių rajono agentūros duomenimis, buvo tiriama 2006–2009 m. laikotarpio SO2 ir NO2 išmetimų kitimo tendencija. Pasiūlyti du oro taršos SO2 ir NO2 tyrimo metodai: pasyviųjų sorbentų ir boindikacijos. Tiriant bioindikacijos metodu, siūloma oro užterštumą SO2 ir NO2 teršalais vertinti atliekant kerpių (Lichenes) testą ir tiriant klevų lapų grybą (Rhytisma acerinum). Aprašyta siūlomų metodų atlikimo tvarka. Pirminiai oro kokybės stebėjimai buvo atlikti 2010 m. rudens sezonu, naudojant pasyviuosius sorbentus. Pirminiai rezultatai parodė, kad tirti teršalai neviršijo žmonių apsaugai nustatytų ribinių verčių. Pradėtus tyrimus tikslinga tęsti per 2011 m. pavasario ir vasaros sezonus, siekiant gauti objektyvius ir išsamius oro kokybės tyrimų duomenis Raseinių rajono teritorijoje.
THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION RECYCLING MEAT AND PLANT WASTE IN THE PERIODIC OPERATION BIOREACTOR / EKSPERIMENTINIŲ TYRIMŲ REZULTATAI PERDIRBANT MĖSOS IR AUGALINĖS KILMĖS ATLIEKAS PERIODINIO VEIKIMO BIOREAKTORIUJE
Authors: Misevičius Antonas , Baltrėnas Pranas
Published: March 2012

Waste is unwanted materials that are mainly the result of human activities and one of the sources of environmental pollution. An increase in the world’s population causes a growth in the amounts of waste in the modern world. Every year, the increasing quantities of waste are the major problems these days; therefore, calls for taking effective measures to tackle this problem could be effective tools. The article presents the results of experimental studies on using meat waste and their mixes with herbal waste. The conducted experiments observed the concentrations of methane, hydrogen sulphide and oxygen under periodic mesophilic conditions in the bioreactor. Research has shown that the use of herbal supplements with meat waste produces better results than using only meat waste. The digestion of meat wastes points to an average amount of biogas which is 0.5 m3/m3d, that of meat and herbal waste mixture (19:1) – 0.51 m3/m3d, meat and herbal waste mixture (9:1) – 0.56 m3/m3d. The content of biogas methane was 0.074 m3/m3d, 0.083 m3/m3d, 0.101 m3/m3d respectively.

Santrauka

Atliekos – nepageidaujamos medžiagos, kurios dažniausiai susidaro dėl žmogaus veiklos. Jos yra vienos iš aplinkos teršimo šaltinių. Šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje, didėjant žmonių skaičiui, daugiau susidaro ir atliekų. Kasmet didėjantys atliekų kiekiai yra viena iš svarbiausių šių dienų problemų, todėl jai spręsti reikia imtis efektyvių priemonių. Straipsnyje pateikiami eksperimentinių tyrimų su mėsos atliekomis ir jos mišiniais su žolinėmis atliekomis rezultatai. Eksperimentų metu stebėtos metano, sieros vandenilio ir deguonies koncentracijos, kai periodinio veikimo bioreaktorius veikė mezofiliniu režimu. Tyrimų metu nustatyta, kad naudojant žolines atliekas kaip papildą su mėsos atliekomis gaunami geresni rezultatai, nei vien tik perdirbant mėsos atliekas. Skaidant mėsos atliekas vidutinis biodujų kiekis siekė 0,5 m3/m3d, mėsos atliekų ir žolinių atliekų mišinį (19:1) – 0,51 m3/m3d, mėsos atliekų ir žolinių atliekų mišinį (9:1) – 0,56 m3/m3d. Metano kiekis biodujose siekė atitinkamai 0,074 m3/m3d, 0,083 m3/m3d, 0,101 m3/m3d.
THE ANALYSIS OF APPLYING DIFFERENT COOLANTS FOR COOLING SYSTEMS IN THE OFFICE BUILDING / SKIRTINGŲ ŠILUMNEŠIŲ VĖSINIMO SISTEMŲ TAIKYMO BIURŲ PASTATE ANALIZĖ
Authors: Kanapienytė Rasa , Čiuprinskas Kęstutis
Published: March 2012

The paper analyzes air conditioning systems of different coolants on the basis of an example of a typical office building. Depending on the type of a coolant fan coil unit, active chilled beams, variable refrigerant volumes and air cooling systems were designed. The article suggests hydraulic and aerodynamic calculations and evaluates initial investments, energy expenditures and operating costs of the compared systems. Considering economic calculations, the pay-back time of the systems was assessed and the sensitivity analysis of electricity prices was carried out. The results of the conducted investigation show the most appropriate analysed system for office buildings taking into account the efficient use of electricity and initial investments.

Santrauka

Tipinio administracinio pastato pavyzdžiu nagrinėjamos skirtingų šilumnešių vėsinimo sistemos. Atsižvelgiant į šilumnešio tipą suprojektuotos ventiliatorinių konvektorių, aktyviųjų šalčio sijų, freoninė ir orinė vėsinimo sistemos. Atlikti hidrauliniai ir aerodinaminiai skaičiavimai, įvertintos sistemų pradinės investicijos, apskaičiuotos energijos sąnaudos ir eksploatacijos išlaidos. Ekonominio skaičiavimo metu buvo įvertintas sistemų atsipirkimo laikas ir atlikta elektros kainų jautrumo analizė. Šio tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kokia sistema yra tinkama biurų pastatams pagal efektyvų elektros energijos naudojimą ir pradines investicijas.
THE EFFICIENCY OF REMOVING ORGANIC MATTERS AND COLOUR FROM GROUDWATER USING COAGULIANTS / ORGANINIŲ JUNGINIŲ IR SPALVOS ŠALINIMO IŠ POŽEMINIO VANDENS EFEKTYVUMAS NAUDOJANT KOAGULIANTUS
Authors: Albrektienė Ramunė , Rimeika Mindaugas
Published: March 2012

Organic matter in drinking water must be removed as it causes many problems such as changes in colour, taste, odour and lower quality of water. During the chlorination process, humic acid reacts with chlorine and produce toxic disinfection-by-products. The study has used three coagulants: polialuminium oxychloride (PAC), aluminum sulphate and iron (III) chloride. The paper presents the outcomes of removing organic compounds from groundwater, investigates the decolourisation process and discusses pH impact on removing organic compounds and water colour. Aluminum based coagulants have been found to be the most effective regents. pH values have also a very significant impact on the effectiveness of the water coagulation process. Santrauka Organinius junginius iš geriamojo vandens šalinti būtina, nes jie suteikia vandeniui spalvą, vanduo įgyja nemalonų skonį ir kvapą. Organinės medžiagos mažina vandens ruošimo procesų efektyvumą ir reaguodamos su dezinfekcinėmis medžiagomis sudaro antrinius dezinfekcijos produktus, kurie yra toksiški. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas organinių junginių šalinimo iš požeminio vandens ir vandens spalvos mažinimo efektyvumas naudojant koaguliacijos procesą. Aptariama, kokią įtaką organiniams junginiams šalinti ir spalvos intensyvumui mažinti turi vandens pH vertės. Tiriant buvo naudojami trys koaguliantai: polialiuminio oksichloridas, aliuminio sulfatas ir geležies chloridas. Atlikus tyrimus nustatyta, kad efektyviausiai organinius junginius šalina aliuminio sulfatas ir polialiuminio oksichloridas. Naudojant aliuminio sulfatą, vandens spalvos intensyvumas sumažinamas 83 %, o organinės medžiagos – 85 %. Nustatyta, kad didinant koaguliantų dozes mažėja vandens pH vertės, o tai didina likutinio aliuminio koncentraciją ir blogina koaguliacijos procesą.
THE EVALUATION OF STORMWATER RUNOFF / PAVIRŠINIŲ NUOTEKŲ KIEKIO ĮVERTINIMAS
Authors: Vinciūnas Vaidas , Rimeika Mindaugas , Janeliauskienė Dalia
Published: March 2012

Conventional wastewater flow measurement techniques are difficult to apply for stormwater runoff. Therefore, a strong need for the new types of flow measurements is foreseen, especially in the existing urban areas. Water level was measured applying a hydrostatic level meter and flow was calculated according to typical hydraulic relationship. The theoretical flow rate was calculated based on rain gauge data from the nearest metrological station. Following gauge data, the calculated storm water runoff was almost two times higher than the measured one. Differences in flow data will lead to uncertainties in statistical reports and misunderstanding between different authorities. The measurements of storm water flows are necessary, because they are associated with emission accounts, taxes on pollution and improvements to environmental quality. Santrauka Standartiniai buitinių nuotekų debito matavimo būdai sunkiai pritaikomi paviršinėms nuotekoms dėl didelių debitų svyravimų, gausaus skendinčiųjų medžiagų kiekio, elektros tiekimo nebuvimo ir vietos trūkumo esamose sistemose. Todėl ieškoma naujų būdų ir alternatyvų, kaip būtų galima išmatuoti paviršinių nuotekų debitą, ypač urbanizuotose teritorijose. Paviršinių nuotekų debitų šalyje faktiškai nematuojama, o nuotekų kiekis apskaičiuojamas teorinėmis formulėmis. Darbo tikslas buvo palyginti vieno iš paviršinių nuotekų baseino faktinį išmatuotą debitą su apskaičiuotu pagal galiojančią standartinę metodiką. Paviršinių nuotekų debitas buvo matuojamas naudojant hidrostatinį lygio matuoklį, o teorinis debitas apskaičiuotas pagal artimiausios metrologinės stoties kritulmačio duomenis. Apskaičiuotas paviršinių nuotekų kiekis gautas beveik du kartus didesnis, nei išmatuotas. Būtina tobulinti esamą paviršinių nuotekų debito skaičiavimo metodiką, nes tai susiję su teršalų apskaita, mokesčiais už taršą ir aplinkos kokybės gerinimu.
EFFICIENCY OF OIL REMOVAL FROM REAL STORM WATER WITH DIFFERENT SORBENTS / NAFTOS PRODUKTŲ ŠALINIMO IŠ PAVIRŠINIŲ NUOTEKŲ EFEKTYVUMAS NAUDOJANT SKIRTINGUS SORBENTUS
Authors: Mažeikienė Aušra , Rimkutė Dovilė
Published: March 2012

Suspended solids and oil products are considered as the most important pollutants in storm water. Surface water flow and changes in pollutant concentration complicate conventional matching techniques and prolong the duration of technological processes; therefore, a comprehensive study on this area is necessary. For this reason, the research and analysis of three different sorbents (“FIBROIL®”, “Duck”, “Reo-dry”) were performed in the laboratory. According to the results of the conducted experiment, all three sorbents have similar treatment efficiency: “FIBROIL®” – 99%, “Reo-dry” – 95%, “Duck” – 98%. Filtering rate had an influence on the effectiveness of removing petrol products (slower speed increases effectiveness).

Santrauka

Didžiausiais paviršinių nuotekų teršalais laikomi naftos produktai ir skendinčiosios medžiagos. Vienas iš efektyviausių naftos produktų šalinimo iš nuotekų būdų yra filtravimas pro sorbuojančiosios medžiagos filtrą. Paviršinių nuotekų tekėjimas ir teršalų koncentracijų kaita apsunkina įprastinių technologijų suderinamumą, pailgina technologinių procesų trukmės laiką, todėl yra būtini šios srities išsamūs tyrimai. Šiame darbe buvo atliktas trijų skirtingų sorbentų (,,FIBROIL®“, „Duck“, „Reo-dry“) šalinant iš paviršinių nuotekų naftos produktus eksperimentinis efektyvumo tyrimas. Atlikus bandymus laboratoriniame stende, nustatyta, kad visų trijų sorbentų efektyvumas, šalinant naftos produktus, panašus: ,,FIBROIL®“ – 99 %, ,,Reo-dry“ – 95 %, ,,Duck“ – 98 %. Naftos produktų šalinimo efektyvumą veikė filtravimo greitis (kuo mažesnis greitis, tuo didesnis efektyvumas).
The rise of Uniqlo: leading paradigm change in fashion business and distribution in Japan
Authors: Choi Eugene K.
Published: February 2012

Résumé Ce qui a fait le succès d’Uniqlo, marque lancée au Japon par la Fast Retailing Corporation en 1998, c’est un changement de paradigme sans précédent dans la conception de vêtements à la mode et donc dans leur distribution. Devenue la principale chaîne de vente au détail de vêtements, Fast Retailing a apporté plusieurs innovations 1 , dont la principale a été une redéfinition des vêtements. Elle se centre sur le passage d’une segmentation du marché selon les catégories de consommateurs à une segmentation par les fonctions que peuvent assurer des vêtements s’adressant à des consommateurs indifférenciés, mais dont les besoins sont analysés très précisément par l’informatique. Elle se développe grâce à un partenariat entre le concepteur-distributeur et une autre firme japonaise spécialisée dans la création de nouveaux textiles et à la fabrication de masse par des producteurs chinois qui apportent à la fois une main-d’œuvre bon marché et de nombreuses idées. Cet article contribue ainsi à une liaison organique entre les réflexions théoriques sur l’entreprise et l’histoire.
L'Union européenne, acteur de la biopolitique contemporaine : les mécanismes d'européanisation normative et cognitive de la lutte contre le tabagisme
Authors: Guigner Sébastien
Published: February 2012

Résumé À partir du cas de la lutte contre le tabagisme, cet article montre que l’Union européenne est aujourd’hui une variable explicative importante du gouvernement des corps dans les pays européens. Cet article expose en effet deux mécanismes à partir desquels l’Union exerce une influence en la matière dans les pays européens. Il s’agit d’une part du mécanisme d’européanisation normative, par lequel l’Union contraint l’administration des corps par le droit. D’autre part cet article présente un mécanisme d’européanisation cognitive, par lequel, à partir de la diffusion d’informations, l’Union impacte l’administration des corps par la persuasion ou par la contrainte.
Wavefront Ablation Profiles in Refractive Surgery: Description, Results, and Limitations
Authors: Smadja David , Reggiani-Mello Glauco , Santhiago Marcony R. , Krueger Ronald R.
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE:

To provide an overview of the clinical results of different ablation profiles based on wavefront technology and discuss their characteristics and limitations.

METHODS:

Literature review of studies reporting results of ablation profiles based on wavefront technology in virgin healthy eyes.

RESULTS:

Over the past 10 years, a large number of studies comparing different treatment algorithms and newer excimer laser platforms have been published. Thirty-six clinical studies including 3637 eyes analyzing the clinical results obtained after wavefront-guided, wavefront-optimized, and Q-factor profiles have been reviewed. Although wavefront-driven profiles allowed reduction of the amount of induced optical aberrations with conventional ablations, thereby improving the quality of vision, it appears that no algorithm of treatment or excimer laser platform has demonstrated a clear superiority over another. Wound healing and unexpected biomechanical response to surgery affect the accuracy of customized treatments and produce variable results. In addition, it is difficult to rigorously analyze and compare findings among different studies because of the diverse variety in which the data are reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite several technological improvements over the years, wavefront ablation profiles have not consistently demonstrated superiority in terms of visual acuity and lower order aberrations compared to the standard procedure, although the induction of higher order aberrations has been reduced. The concept of an individualized eye model has emerged recently, based on the optical ray tracing algorithm, and could theoretically provide a higher level of customization, thus fulfilling the promise of “super vision.”
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Review and Practice Guidelines
Authors: Johnson-Coyle Leah , Jensen Louise , Sobey Alan
Published: March 2012

Peripartum cardiomyopathy, a type of dilated cardiomyopathy of unknown origin, occurs in previously healthy women in the final month of pregnancy and up to 5 months after delivery. Although the incidence is low—less than 0.1% of pregnancies —morbidity and mortality rates are high at 5% to 32%. The outcome of peripartum cardiomyopathy is also highly variable. For some women, the clinical and echocardiographic status improves and sometimes returns to normal, whereas for others, the disease progresses to severe cardiac failure and even sudden cardiac death. In acute care, treatment may involve the use of intravenous vasodilators, inotropic medications, an intra-aortic balloon pump, ventricular-assist devices, and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Survivors of peripartum cardiomyopathy often recover from left ventricular dysfunction; however, they may be at risk for recurrence of heart failure and death in subsequent pregnancies. Women with chronic left ventricular dysfunction should be managed according to guidelines of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association.
Intrinsic Differences in the Initiation of B Cell Receptor Signaling Favor Responses of Human IgG+ Memory B Cells over IgM+ Naive B Cells
Authors: Davey Angel M. , Pierce Susan K.
Published: March 2012

The acquisition of long-lived memory B cells (MBCs) is critical for the defense against many infectious diseases. Despite their importance, little is known about how Ags trigger human MBCs, even though our understanding of the molecular basis of Ag activation of B cells in model systems has advanced considerably. In this study, we use quantitative, high-resolution, live-cell imaging at the single-cell and single-molecule levels to describe the earliest Ag-driven events in human isotype-switched, IgG-expressing MBCs and compare them with those in IgM-expressing naive B cells. We show that human MBCs are more robust than naive B cells at each step in the initiation of BCR signaling, including interrogation of Ag-containing membranes, formation of submicroscopic BCR oligomers, and recruitment and activation of signaling-associated kinases. Despite their robust response to Ag, MBCs remain highly sensitive to FcγRIIB-mediated inhibition. We also demonstrate that in the absence of Ag, a portion of MBC receptors spontaneously oligomerized, and phosphorylated kinases accumulated at the membrane and speculate that heightened constitutive signaling may play a role in maintaining MBC longevity. Using high-resolution imaging, we have provided a description of the earliest events in the Ag activation of MBCs and evidence for acquired cell-intrinsic differences in the initiation of BCR signaling in human naive and MBCs.
Regulating Mammalian Target of Rapamycin To Tune Vaccination-Induced CD8+ T Cell Responses for Tumor Immunity
Authors: Li Qingsheng , Rao Rajesh , Vazzana Joseph , Goedegebuure Peter , Odunsi Kunle , Gillanders William , Shrikant Protul A.
Published: March 2012

Vaccine strategies aimed at generating CD8+ T cell memory responses are likely to show augmented efficacy against chronic challenges like tumor. The abundance in variety of memory CD8+ T cells behooves development of vaccine strategies that generate distinct memory responses and evaluate them for tumor efficacy. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of a variety of rapamycin treatment regimens to regulate virus vaccination-induced CD8+ T cell memory responses and tumor efficacy. Strikingly, a short course of high-dose, but not low-dose, rapamycin treatment transiently blocks viral vaccination-induced mammalian target of rapamycin activity in CD8+ T cells favoring persistence and Ag-recall responses over type 1 effector maturation; however, prolonged high-dose rapamycin administration abrogated memory responses. Furthermore, a short course of high-dose rapamycin treatment generated CD8+ T cell memory responses that were independent of IL-15 and IL-7 and were programmed early for sustenance and greater tumor efficacy. These results demonstrate the impact a regimen of rapamycin treatment has on vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses and indicates that judicious application of rapamycin can augment vaccine efficacy for chronic challenges.
HCl and ClO in activated Arctic air; first retrieved vertical profiles from TELIS submillimetre limb spectra
Authors: de Lange A. , Birk M. , de Lange G. , Friedl-Vallon F. , Kiselev O. , Koshelets V. , Maucher G. , Oelhaf H. , Selig A. , Vogt P. , Wagner G. , Landgraf J.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The first profile retrieval results of the Terahertz and submillimeter Limb Sounder (TELIS) balloon instrument are presented. The spectra are recorded during a 13-h balloon flight on 24 January 2010 from Kiruna, Sweden. The TELIS instrument was mounted on the MIPAS-B2 gondola and shared this platform with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) and the mini-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (mini-DOAS) instruments. The flight took place within the Arctic vortex at an altitude of ≈34 km in chlorine activated air, and both active (ClO) and inactive chlorine (HCl) were measured over an altitude range of respectively ≈16–32 km and ≈10–32 km. In this altitude range, the increase of ClO concentration levels during sunrise has been recorded with a temporal resolution of one minute. During the daytime equilibrium, a maximum ClO level of 2.1 ± 0.3 ppbv has been observed at an altitude of 23.5 km. This equilibrium profile is validated against the ClO profile by the satellite instrument Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard EOS Aura. HCl profiles have been determined from two different isotopes – H35Cl and H37Cl – and are also validated against MLS. The precision of all profiles is well below 0.01 ppbv and the overall accuracy is therefore governed by systematic effects. The total uncertainty of these effects is estimated to be maximal 0.3 ppbv for ClO around its peak value at 23.5 km during the daytime equilibrium, and for HCl it ranges from 0.05 to 0.4 ppbv, depending on altitude. In both cases the main uncertainty stems from a largely unknown non-linear response in the detector.
A note on the Weibel instability and thermal fluctuations
Authors: Treumann R. A. , Baumjohann W.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The thermal fluctuation level of the Weibel instability is recalculated. It is shown that the divergence of the fluctuations at long wavelengths, i.e. the Weibel infrared catastrophe, never occurs. At large wavelengths the thermal fluctuation level is terminated by the presence of even the smallest available stable thermal anisotropy. Weibel fields penetrate only one skin depth into the plasma. When excited inside, they cause layers of antiparallel fields of skin depth width and vortices which may be subject to reconnection.
A porewater-based stable isotope approach for the investigation of subsurface hydrological processes
Authors: Garvelmann J. , Külls C. , Weiler M.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Predicting and understanding subsurface flowpaths is still a crucial issue in hydrological research. We present an experimental approach to reveal present and past subsurface flowpaths of water in the unsaturated and saturated zone. Two hillslopes in a humid mountainous catchment have been investigated. The H2O(liquid) – H2O(vapor) equilibration laser spectroscopy method was used to obtain high resolution δ2H vertical depth profiles of pore water at various points along two fall lines of a pasture hillslope in the southern Black Forest, Germany. The Porewater-based Stable Isotope Profile (PSIP) approach was developed to use the integrated information of several vertical depth profiles of deuterium along transects at the hillslope. Different shapes of depth profiles were observed in relation to hillslope position. The statistical variability (inter-quartile range and standard deviation) of each profile was used to characterize different types of depth profiles. The profiles upslope or with a weak affinity for saturation as indicated by a low topographic wetness index preserve the isotopic input signal by precipitation with a distinct seasonal variability. These observations indicate mainly vertical movement of soil water in the upper part of the hillslope before sampling. The profiles downslope or at locations with a strong affinity for saturation do not show a similar seasonal isotopic signal. The input signal is erased in the foothills and a large proportion of pore water samples are close to the isotopic values of δ2H in streamwater during base flow conditions indicating the importance of the groundwater component in the catchment. Near the stream indications for efficient mixing of water from lateral subsurface flow paths with vertical percolation are found.
Strengthening of a Private Brand: the Aspect of a Store’s Image
Authors: Virvilaite Regina , Dailydiene Migle
Published: February 2012

According to many scientists a brand is one of the most important sources of acquiring competitive advantage. This attitude is confirmed by the fact that there are many scientific works on brand image. But there is a lack of theoretical and empirical research on the formation and strengthening of an image of a private brand. It should be noted that theoretical and empirical research, performed by Reda (2002), Ailawadi et al. (2003), based on Batra and Sinha (2000), Garretson et al. (2002), Burton and Lichtenstein (1998), confirm that factors that influence the formation and strengthening of the image of a private brand have not been sufficiently analysed. The scientific problem of this article is formulated with the help of the following questions: what is the influence of a store’s image and factors that determine it on the image of a private brand? The aim of this article is to analyse and summarize factors that form private brand image theoretically, and to test them empirically with the help of the example of the store “Aprangos galerija”. The methods of comparative analysis of scientific literature and systematization were used in order to reach the set aim. Quantitative research method (survey) was applied for empirical research of private brand image strengthening in the aspect of the store “Aprangos galerija”. Factor analysis was used for data analysis. Multiple linear regression was used for identification of causalities between variables. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, having summarized the results of the performed theoretical and empirical research it is stated that one of the sources of competitive advantage for stores is the creation of a positive and strong private brand image in consumers’ consciousness. It should be noted that brand identity elements and associations, related to the product itself and its perceived quality and emotions, form a positive private brand image. Having revealed the conceptual essence of an image, having analysed the structure of a company’s image, having identified factors that determine a store’s image and based on the results of scientific theoretical and empirical research it is stated that a store’s image depends on the following factors: services, convenience, quality, product variety, product prices, and store atmosphere. The results of the performed empirical research have shown that factors forming a store’s image (convenience and store atmosphere) have the biggest influence on a positive private brand image. It should be noted that factors determining a store’s image such as product variety and price also form a positive private brand image. Based on theoretical provisions and results of empirical research a conclusion is made that in order to strengthen a private brand image it is necessary to make decisions related to the store’s place, atmosphere, stock formation, and pricing.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1227
Does Competence-Oriented Higher Education Lead to Students’ Competitiveness?
Authors: Oganisjana Karine , Koke Tatjana
Published: February 2012

According to the analysis of the stage of economic development of the countries reflected in “The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011” and conducted within the framework of the World Economic Forum, the EU countries have either innovation-driven economies or are in the transition stage from efficiency-driven to innovation-driven economies. Focusing on the educational aspects and human capital for further economic development of EU countries, quality higher education and training, business sophistication and innovation are what should be developed. These three competitiveness aspects are not independent: they tend to reinforce each other, and a weakness in one area often has a negative impact on other areas (World Economic Forum, 2010). Moreover, all of them are tightly related to entrepreneurship and their development concerns the promotion of students’ entrepreneurship in the study process at higher educational institutions. Being recognized as one of the lifelong learning key competences, in the European documents entrepreneurship is defined as a combination of entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and attitude (Commission of the European Communities, 2005). However, the PhD research “The development of students’ enterprise in study process” conducted by Karine Oganisjana under the scientific supervision of Tatjana Koke in the University of Latvia (Oganisjana & Koke, 2008; Oganisjana, 2010 a,b) revealed that the concept of entrepreneurship is broader than just a mechanical combination of entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and attitude. Entrepreneurship is defined as a dynamic system of individual's causally interrelated personality traits, motivation, cognition, needs, emotions, abilities, learning, skills and behaviour, on the basis of which an individual or a group of individuals interact with the context (environment) for identifying, generating and realizing opportunities into new values (Oganisjana, 2010b). Therefore, if higher education (HE) is oriented towards the development of students’ competence only, which is acknowledged as a combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes, the development of the other components of entrepreneurship are not taken care of and the creation of new economic values which then makes the key determinant of entrepreneurship not to be in the focus of such HE. The paper presents the main findings of the research and raises a question about the reconsideration of the capacity of competence-oriented higher education for promoting students’ entrepreneurship and as a result for increasing their competitiveness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1228
Pretransfusion Testing Practices in North America, 2005–2010: An Analysis of the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program J-Survey Data, 2005–2010
Authors: Downes Katharine A , Shulman Ira A
Published: February 2012

Context.—Data collection and analysis of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Interlaboratory Comparison Program (Proficiency Testing) J-Survey results provide insights into North American pretransfusion compatibility testing practices and trends.

Objectives.—To assess current North American manual testing practices for ABO grouping, rhesus (Rh) typing, antibody screening, and crossmatching using CAP proficiency testing data.

Design.—Analysis of the CAP Interlaboratory Comparison Program J-Survey data (2005–2010) to identify laboratory methods used for ABO grouping, Rh typing, antibody screening, and crossmatching. Data were analyzed by test method using Microsoft (Redmond, Washington) Excel software.

Results.—The method used most often in ABO grouping and Rh typing was tube testing. Many laboratories also used tube testing for antibody detection and crossmatching, but during the study period, the proportion of laboratories using gel-based methodologies increased considerably.

Conclusions.—Most North American CAP laboratories continue to use tube methods for ABO/Rh testing. Use of gel-based methodologies increased during the past 5 years for antibody screening and crossmatching.
Discovering the Inscribed Angle Theorem
Authors: Roscoe Matt B.
Published: February 2012

Having prospective teachers find the inscribed angle theorem for themselves can foster mathematical reasoning.
Fraction Multiplication from a Korean Perspective
Authors: Son Ji-Won
Published: March 2012

Korean textbooks address and develop different meanings for fractions multiplication through word problems and models while emphasizing the importance of understanding the meaning behind an algorithm.
Measurement of Cell Death in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Cummings Brian S. , Wills Lauren P. , Schnellmann Rick G.
Published: March 2012

Methods for assessing mammalian cell death are presented in this unit. The unit is divided into six sections: (1) a brief overview of cytotoxicity and pathways of cell death, (2) a method to measure cell death using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as a marker of membrane integrity, (3) a flow cytometry method that simultaneously measures two types of cell death, necrosis, and apoptosis, (4) use of fluorescence microscopy and nuclear morphology to assess apoptosis and necrosis, (5) the use of multi‐well plates and high‐content analysis imaging systems to assess nuclear morphology, and (6) a discussion of the use of cytotoxicity assays to determine the mechanisms of cell death. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 56:12.8.1‐12.8.24. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Die Diaryl(oxy)methyl‐Gruppe: mehr als ein unbeteiligter Zuschauer in chiralen Auxiliaren, Katalysatoren und Dotierstoffen
Authors: Braun Manfred
Published: March 2012

Sowohl als freier Alkohol wie auch in deprotonierter Form erscheint ein Carbinolrest mit zwei identischen geminalen Arylsubstituenten auf den ersten Blick als eine achirale Struktureinheit. Ist sie jedoch in ein chirales Molekül eingebunden, so werden beide Arylgruppen diastereotop. Somit können sie zu einer Erhöhung der Stereoselektivität beitragen, was sie auch in einer Vielzahl von Reaktionen tun. Dieser Kurzaufsatz stellt Entwicklungen in der Stereochemie vor, an denen die Diaryl(oxy)methyl‐Gruppe beteiligt ist, und unterstreicht die nutzbringenden Effekte dieser Gruppe. Im Blickpunkt dieser Übersicht stehen Auxiliare und stöchiometrisch eingesetzte Metallkomplexe, ferner Metall‐ und Organokatalysatoren sowie schließlich chirale Dotierstoffen für Flüssigkristalle, die alle das Diaryl(oxy)methyl‐Motiv aufweisen.
Effect of the molecular structure of semicrystalline polyethylene on mechanical properties studied by molecular dynamics
Authors: Queyroy Séverine , Monasse Bernard
Published: March 2012

We present results from molecular dynamics simulations for an all‐atoms model of a semicrystalline polyethylene under uniaxial tensile test. Our model has a realistic semicrystalline organization of two high molecular chains which are involved in two crystalline and two amorphous phases. The tie‐molecules link these phases. A high content of tie‐molecules is compatible with the stability of the semicrystalline organizations in the initial state. The main objective of the study is to check the effect of some molecular parameters, poorly known from experiments, on the mechanical properties under uniaxial tensile test. It is a way to have an insight on the value of the probable molecular parameters. We show that the number of tie‐molecules mainly acts on the elastic modulus and the lamellar thickness acts on the yield stress. A nearly constant stress, a plateau, results from the narrow length‐distribution of tie‐molecules. This plateau is not observed during mechanical experiments. This plateau is the direct result of isomolecular tie‐molecules. The only way to predict the progressive increase of the stress up to the yields stress observed experimentally is to consider a large length‐distribution of tie‐molecules. This progressive increase of stress implies a progressive deformation of the crystalline phase. The basic mechanism of plastic deformation is the pull‐out of crystalline chain segments by the tie‐molecules in extended conformation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Shear‐strain step response in linear regime of dilute suspensions of naturally bent carbon nanotubes
Authors: Cruz C. , Illoul L. , Chinesta F. , Régnier G.
Published: March 2012

Impressive enhancements of the storage modulus have been documented when low volume fractions of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are added to a Newtonian solvent for obtaining dilute suspensions. The intrinsic bending dynamics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been proposed to explain such elasticity. CNTs contain topological defects inducing naturally bent structures in absence of external forces and, hence, a semiflexible filament with a bent configuration at minimal internal‐bending‐energy is used for mimicking the structure of SWNTs in suspension. Previous continuous model is discretized as a nonfreely jointed bead‐rod chain with a naturally bent configuration for simulating the rheological behavior after a shear‐strain step in linear regime of SWNT dilute suspensions by using a Brownian dynamics (BD) approach. In general, bead‐rod chains exhibit an instantaneous relaxation after a high shear‐strain step. Bending rigidity and number of constitutive rods are found to be determinant parameters in the internal‐energy relaxation behavior of nonfreely jointed bead‐rod chains in dilute solution. Proper comparisons between the BD simulation results and the experimental data for treated SWNT dilute suspensions confirm the consistency of the physical model mimicking the structure of a SWNT. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012