bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plataforma computacional sobre Amazon Web Services (Aws) de renderizado distribuido
Authors: Rojas-Albarracín Gabriel , Páramo-Fonseca Jorge , Hernández-Merchán Cindy
Published: November 2017

En la actualidad se ha creado una dinámica en la cual las personas exigen una mayor calidad de imagen en diferentes medios (Juegos, películas, animaciones). Una mayor definición por lo general requiere el procesamiento de imágenes de mayor tamaño, esto trae consigo la necesidad de aumentar la capacidad de cálculo. El presente artículo expone un caso de estudio en el cual se muestra la implementación de una plataforma de bajo costo, sobre la nube de Amazon, para el procesamiento (renderizado) de imágenes y animaciones de forma paralela.
Influence of residual force enhancement and elongation of attached cross‐bridges on stretch‐shortening cycle in skinned muscle fibers
Authors: Fukutani Atsuki , Joumaa Venus , Herzog Walter
Published: November 2017

Increased muscle force during stretch‐shortening cycles (SSCs) has been widely examined. However, the mechanisms causing increased muscle force in SSCs remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of residual force enhancement and elongation of attached cross‐bridges on the work enhancement in SSCs. For the Control condition, skinned rabbit soleus fibers were elongated passively from an average sarcomere length of 2.4 to 3.0 μm, activated and then actively shortened to 2.4 μm. For the Transition condition, fibers were elongated actively from an average sarcomere length of 2.4 to 3.0 μm. Two seconds after the end of active lengthening, fibers were actively shortened to 2.4 μm. In the SSC condition, fibers were lengthened actively from an average sarcomere length of 2.4 to 3.0 μm, and then immediately shortened actively to 2.4 μm. Increased muscle force in the SSCs was quantified by the increase in mechanical work during active shortening compared to the mechanical work measured during the purely active shortening contractions. Work enhancement was significantly greater in the SSC compared to the Transition conditions. This difference was associated with the pause given between the active lengthening and shortening phase in the Transition test, which likely resulted in a reduction of the average elongation of the attached cross‐bridges caused by active stretching. Since some work enhancement was still observed in the Transition condition, another factor, for example the stretch‐induced residual force enhancement, must also have contributed to the work enhancement in SSCs.
Deep‐targeted sequencing of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene exons uncovers exercise intensity and ethnicity‐dependent associations with post‐exercise hypotension
Authors: Pescatello Linda S. , Schifano Elizabeth D. , Ash Garrett I. , Panza Gregory A. , Corso Lauren M. L. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Deshpande Ved , Zaleski Amanda , Cilhoroz Burak , Farinatti Paulo , Taylor Beth A. , O'Neill Rachel J. , Thompson Paul D.
Published: November 2017

In previous studies, we found an endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) variant rs2070744 associated with the ambulatory blood pressure (BP) response following bouts of moderate and vigorous intensity acute exercise, termed post‐exercise hypotension (PEH). In a validation cohort, we sequenced NOS3 exons for associations with PEH. Obese (30.9 ± 3.6 kg.m−2) African American (n = 14) [AF] and Caucasian (n = 9) adults 42.0 ± 9.8 years with hypertension (139.8 ± 10.4/84.6 ± 6.2 mmHg) performed three random experiments: bouts of vigorous and moderate intensity cycling and control. Subjects were attached to an ambulatory BP monitor for 19 h. We performed deep‐targeted exon sequencing with the Illumina TruSeq Custom Amplicon kit. Variant genotypes were coded as number of minor alleles (#MA) and selected for additional statistical analysis based upon Bonferonni or Benjamini–Yekutieli multiple testing‐corrected P‐values under time‐adjusted linear models for 19 hourly BP measurements for each subject. After vigorous intensity over 19 h, among NOS3 variants passing multiple testing thresholds, as the #MA increased in rs891512 (P = 6.4E‐04), rs867225 (P = 6.5E‐04), rs743507 (P = 2.6E‐06), and rs41483644 (P = 2.4E‐04), systolic (SBP) decreased from 17.5 to 33.7 mmHg; and in rs891512 (P = 9.7E‐05), rs867225 (P = 2.6E‐05), rs41483644 (P = 1.6E‐03), rs3730009 (P = 2.6E‐04), and rs77325852 (P = 5.6E‐04), diastolic BP decreased from 11.1 mmHg to 20.3 mmHg among AF only. In contrast, after moderate intensity over 19 h in NOS3 rs3918164, as the #MA increased, SBP increased by 16.6 mmHg (P = 2.4E‐04) among AF only. NOS3 variants exhibited associations with PEH after vigorous, but not moderate intensity exercise among AF only. NOS3 should be studied further for its effects on PEH in a large, ethnically diverse sample of adults with hypertension to confirm our findings.
Repeated bouts of resistance exercise with short recovery periods activates mTOR signaling, but not protein synthesis, in mouse skeletal muscle
Authors: Takegaki Junya , Ogasawara Riki , Tamura Yuki , Takagi Ryo , Arihara Yuki , Tsutaki Arata , Nakazato Koichi , Ishii Naokata
Published: November 2017

The recovery period between bouts of exercise is one of the major factors influencing the effects of resistance exercise, in addition to exercise intensity and volume. However, the effects of shortening the recovery time between bouts of resistance exercise on subsequent protein synthesis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the consequences of shortening the recovery time between bouts of resistance exercise on protein synthesis and related processes in mouse skeletal muscles. Eighteen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly subjected to three bouts of resistance exercise with 72 (72H), 24 (24H), or 8 h (8H) of recovery periods between bouts. Resistance exercise, consisting of five sets of 3 s × 10 isometric contractions with 3 min rest between sets, was elicited on the right tibialis anterior muscle via percutaneous electrical stimulation on the deep peroneal nerve under isoflurane anesthesia. The left muscle served as an internal control. Six hours after the third bout of exercise, protein synthesis was found to be activated in the 72H and 24H groups, but not in the 8H group. Phosphorylation of p70S6K at Thr 389, a marker of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, was increased in all groups, with the 8H group showing the highest magnitude. In contrast, protein carbonylation was observed only in mice in the 8H group. These results suggest that repeated bouts of resistance exercise with 8 h of recovery periods do not effectively increase the levels of muscle protein synthesis despite activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, which likely involves oxidative stress.
Smart cities, epistemic communities, advocacy coalitions and the `last mile' problem
Authors: Kitchin Rob , Coletta Claudio , Evans Leighton , Heaphy Liam , MacDonncha Darach
Published: November 2017

We argue that the
ideas, ideals and the rapid proliferation of smart city
rhetoric and initiatives globally have been facilitated and promoted by
three inter-related
communities: (i) `urban
technocrats'; (ii) a smart cities `epistemic
community'; (iii) a wider `advocacy
coalition'. We examine their roles and the multiscale
formation, and why despite their influence they
encounter a `last mile problem'; that
is, smart city initiatives are yet to become fully
mainstreamed. We illustrate this last mile problem
through a discussion of plans to introduce smart lighting in
Dublin.
The Flint Water Crisis and the Role of Professional Emergency Managers in Risk Mitigation
Authors: Paine Mark , Kushma Jane A.
Published: November 2017

A federal emergency was declared in Flint, Michigan on January 16, 2016 because of elevated lead levels in the city drinking water system. Resulting from a number of technical mistakes and a lack of oversight by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, this crisis may have implications for the professional practice of emergency management. This paper explores the relationship between critical infrastructure and disaster theory, reviews the Flint crisis as a representative case study, and presents recommendations for emergency managers to begin to assess the drinking water systems within their own communities. As this is a still-evolving event, the discussion is based on the extent of the information available to both researchers and the public primarily as of late Fall, 2016. Future researchers will need to evaluate records from upcoming court proceedings and file additional FOIA requests after all subpoenas have been lifted in order to analyze how both a large public water system and a state government could allow the omission of corrosion control.
Mangelnde Eisenverfügbarkeit: Welche Laboruntersuchungen anfordern und wie klinisch interpretieren? https://degruyter.instruct.eu
Authors: Thomas Lothar , Thomas Christian
Published: November 2017

Traditionell wird eine mangelnde Eisenverfügbarkeit häufig erst im Rahmen einer klinisch relevanten Eisenmangelanämie diagnostiziert. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt besteht entweder ein totaler Eisenmangel oder das Eisen ist Inflammations-bedingt in Makrophagen sequestriert und steht den Funktionsstellen nicht zur Verfügung. In beiden Fällen kann die Therapie langwierig und anspruchsvoll sein. Jedoch kann auch ohne klinisch relevante Anämie die Eisenverfügbarkeit vermindert sein, z.B. bei Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz, transient intraoperativ nach Blutverlust, bei Mehrfach-Blutspendern oder Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter. Die mangelnde Eisenverfügbarkeit kann mit subklinischem Eisenmangel, totalem Eisenmangel, Eisen-restriktiver Erythropoese, meist in Kombination mit der Anämie chronischer Erkrankungen assoziiert sein, oder Therapie-bedingt als funktioneller Eisenmangel vorliegen. Die Inflammations-bedingte Sequestration von Eisen ist bei Patienten mit chronischer Erkrankung, z. B. bei schwerer Herzinsuffizienz, eine wichtige Ursache für eine prälatente Anämie und damit verbundener Verminderung der Lebensqualität. Vor Therapie ermöglicht die Bestimmung biochemischer Marker, hämatologischer Indices oder die Anforderung multivariabler Systeme (diagnostischer Eisenblot, Eisenscore) die Diagnose einer mangelnden Eisenverfügbarkeit im prälatenten Stadium. In der Vergangenheit wurde die Diagnose des Eisenmangels häufig erst im Rahmen einer klinisch relevanten Anämie diagnostiziert. Ferritin und die Transferrinsättigung waren die wesentlichen Untersuchungen. Neuere Tests ermöglichen die frühzeitige Diagnose einer mangelnden Eisenverfügbarkeit, so daß diese therapiert werden kann bevor sich das Vollbild einer klinisch relvanten Eisenmangelanämie darstellt. Dies bietet sich insbesondere für Personengruppen an, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine Eisenmangelanämie haben.
Political Regimes and Government’s Reaction to Terrorism. A Simple Model
Authors: Brugali Nicola , Buonanno Paolo , Gilli Mario
Published: November 2017

Why do autocratic regimes have sometimes a weak reaction to terrorism, and conversely why do democratic regimes sometimes react harshly? More generally, what are the determinants of governments’ reaction to terrorism? And, what are the determinants of terrorism and of its dynamic? In the last years, there have been many empirical studies conducted on these questions. We believe, however, that a general theoretical model is missing, which would significantly help empirical research and its interpretation. This paper is a first attempt towards the construction of such a general model. In this model, individual human capital, government responsiveness and economic development are seen as potential factors influencing individual choice to use terrorism as a political strategy. In this paper, we elaborate a strategic model of terrorism with a specific focus on domestic terrorism, in which the individual choice of joining a terrorist organization is a way of pursing specific political aims. This decision is in turn influenced by the interaction between terrorist’ activity, political engagement and government policies. We are able to prove that three different political regimes form the equilibrium outcomes, and that there is not a simple monotonic relationship between a regime accountability and terrorism’ repression. It is then also perfectly possible for a democratic regime to harshly repress terrorism and for an autocratic polity to be tolerant on terrorism.
Comparison Between Power Off-Ice Test and Performance On-Ice Anaerobic Testing
Authors: Boucher Vincent G. , Parent Andrée-Anne , St-Jean Miron Fanie , Leone Mario , Comtois Alain S.
Published: November 2017

Boucher, VG, Parent, AA, Miron, FSJ, Leone, M, and Comtois, AS. Comparison between power off-ice test and performance on-ice anaerobic testing. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3498–3505, 2020—The importance of specific testing has been shown in ice hockey performance, and the understanding and connection between them may lead to adapting training and follow-up in elite athletes. The aim of this study was to compare 2 off-ice power tests with performances on ice with National Hockey League (NHL) players. The vertical jump and broad jump tests were used for the off-ice evaluations, whereas a modified SAS-40 and a repeated-sprint skate (RSSm) test were used on-ice as performance variables. Thirty-one players (3 goalkeepers, 10 defense players, and 18 forward players) from the NHL performed before preseason training camp. Four evaluation sessions were performed with 48-hour time intervals between them. The results show that the 2 jump types were correlated (r
2 = 0.45 p < 0.01), and there was a significant correlation between the vertical jump and the best SAS-40 time trial for defense players, but not for forward players (r
2 = 0.76 p = 0.02; r
2 = 0.21 p = 0.16, respectively). By contrast, there was a significant correlation between broad jump and best SAS-40 time trial for forward players but not for defensive players (r
2 = 0.75 p < 0.01; r
2 = 0.19 p = 0.28, respectively). In conclusion, results show that specific player ability needs to be taken into consideration when choosing off-ice tests.
Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Upper-Body Resistance Exercise Performance in Recreationally Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: Gonzalez Adam M. , Spitz Robert W. , Ghigiarelli Jamie J. , Sell Katie M. , Mangine Gerald T.
Published: November 2017

Gonzalez, AM, Spitz, RW, Ghigiarelli, JJ, Sell, KM, and Mangine, GT. Acute effect of citrulline malate supplementation on upper-body resistance exercise performance in recreationally resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3088–3094, 2018—To investigate the effect of citrulline malate (CM) supplementation on upper-body resistance exercise performance, 12 recreationally resistance-trained men (21.4 ± 1.6 years; 163.0 ± 46.2 cm; 85.0 ± 12.4 kg) underwent 2 testing sessions administered in a randomized, double-blind fashion. During each visit, participants were provided either 8 g of CM or a placebo (PL) 40 minutes before beginning a standardized warm-up and initiating a barbell bench press resistance exercise protocol consisting of 5 sets of 15 repetitions at 75% 1 repetition maximum with 2-minute rest intervals. Participants were instructed to complete as many repetitions as possible until either reaching 15 repetitions or muscular failure. Total number of repetitions performed and power output were recorded for each set. Subjective measures of energy, focus, fatigue, and perceived exertion, along with muscle thickness of the triceps brachii, were assessed before and after exercise. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) main effects for time were observed for all variables except for subjective feelings of energy (p = 0.085). A group × time interaction (F = 2.86, p = 0.034, n
2 = 0.21) was observed for repetitions performed, where participants performed more (p = 0.015) repetitions on set 3 during PL (5.7 ± 1.2 repetitions) compared with CM (4.6 ± 1.2 repetitions). However, during set 4, participants tended (p = 0.089) to perform more repetitions during CM (4.8 ± 1.8 repetitions) compared with PL (4.3 ± 1.3 repetitions). No other differences were observed between trials. Supplementation with 8 g of CM 40 minutes before the barbell bench press resistance exercise protocol did not increase exercise performance, augment the muscle swelling response to training, or alter subjective measures of focus, energy, and fatigue in recreationally resistance-trained men.
Gout as a trigger for acute Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy?
Authors: Gohil Shailesh , Jogia Rajesh , Berrington Rachel , Kong Marie-France
Published: November 2017

Patients with diabetes and a painful, hot, swollen foot can sometimes present a diagnostic challenge. Gout can often present in a similar fashion to diabetic foot infections or acute Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy, and cases have been described where patients with Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy were misdiagnosed as having gout, leading to treatment delay. We describe a patient who presented with a painful, swollen, warm foot who did not respond to initial treatment with antibiotics. Improvement in his symptoms occurred following treatment for gout, however he then went on to develop Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy. As far as we are aware, this is the first case described in the literature where acute gout may have triggered acute Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy. It is important to bear in mind that more than one pathology may be present in a patient at the same time or may closely follow one another.
Phenotype–genotype spectrum of AAA syndrome from Western India and systematic review of literature
Authors: Patt Hiren , Koehler Katrin , Lodha Sailesh , Jadhav Swati , Yerawar Chaitanya , Huebner Angela , Thakkar Kunal , Arya Sneha , Nair Sandhya , Goroshi Manjunath , Ganesh Hosahithlu , Sarathi Vijaya , Lila Anurag , Bandgar Tushar , Shah Nalini
Published: November 2017

Objective

To study genotype–phenotype spectrum of triple A syndrome (TAS).

Methods

Retrospective chart analysis of Indian TAS patients (cohort 1, n = 8) and review of genotyped TAS cases reported in world literature (cohort 2, n = 133, 68 publications).

Results

Median age at presentation was 4.75 years (range: 4–10) and 5 years (range: 1–42) for cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Alacrima, adrenal insufficiency (AI), achalasia and neurological dysfunction (ND) were seen in 8/8, 8/8, 7/8 and 4/8 patients in cohort 1, and in 99, 91, 93 and 79% patients in cohort 2, respectively. In both cohorts, alacrima was present since birth while AI and achalasia manifested before ND. Mineralocorticoid deficiency (MC) was uncommon (absent in cohort 1, 12.5% in cohort 2). In cohort 1, splice-site mutation in exon 1 (p.G14Vfs*45) was commonest, followed by a deletion in exon 8 (p.S255Vfs*36). Out of 65 mutations in cohort 2, 14 were recurrent and five exhibited regional clustering. AI was more prevalent, more often a presenting feature, and was diagnosed at younger age in T group (those with truncating mutations) as compared to NT (non-truncating mutations) group. ND was more prevalent, more common a presenting feature, with later age at onset in NT as compared to T group.

Conclusion

Clinical profile of our patients is similar to that of patients worldwide. Alacrima is the earliest and most consistent finding. MC deficiency is uncommon. Some recurrent mutations show regional clustering. p.G14Vfs*45 and p.S255Vfs*36 account for majority of AAAS mutations in our cohort. Phenotype of T group differs from that of NT group and merits future research.
Rubén Darío, lo fantástico y la Revolución Mexicana
Authors: Nappo Daniel J.
Published: November 2017

En los últimos años de su vida, el poeta nicaragüense Rubén Darío volvió a trabajar el cuento fantástico porque el género ofrecía la mejor expresión narrativa a la confusión y la incredulidad que estaba viviendo. En septiembre de 1910 Darío hizo su única visita a México, que estaba entonces en vísperas de la gran Revolución que derrocaría a la dictadura de Porfirio Díaz, la cual había controlado al país por treinta y cuatro años. La experiencia de estar en medio de una gran agitación social, como un invitado de honor y, sin embargo, no habérsele permitido ascender a la capital, fue probablemente una inspiración para su penúltimo cuento, “Huitzilopoxtli: leyenda mexicana” (1977a).
Ecos de la diáspora africana
Authors: Britton González Carol
Published: November 2017

El Festival Flores de la Diáspora Africana surge en 1999 en Costa Rica, organizado por la Fundación Arte y Cultura para el Desarrollo, con el propósito de promover las manifestaciones artísticas y culturales de la población afrocostarricense en particular, y de los pueblos afrodescendientes y africanos, de manera general. A lo largo de diecinueve ediciones, se ha colocado la cultura de matriz africana en el más alto nivel, con la presencia de grupos de ballet folclórico como el Kilandukilu de Angola, el Ballet Garífuna de Honduras, la bailarina Bethania Nascimento, perteneciente al Alvin Hailey Ballet, y el Opus Dance Theater de New York. En el bel canto, la soprano Sarah Carrere, dio fe de su gran talento franco-senegalés, así como en gospel el coro de la iglesia St. Agustine de Washington, y grupos como Master Key, Charleene Stuart y Sasha Campbell, de Costa Rica, conquistaron la audiencia con ritmos como gospel, spiritual, R&B y Soul, sin olvidar las agrupaciones nacionales de Calipso, que han dejado su huella en el Festival.En esa pasión por mostrar los mejores representantes de las diferentes manifestaciones del arte y la cultura de la Diáspora Africana, en 2012 la Fundación invitó a Costa Rica al Premio Nobel de Literatura de 1984, Derek Walcott. Para dar continuidad a este trabajo con los artífices de la palabra, también en 2013 se realizó el 1er Encuentro de Escritores y Poetas Afrodescendientes, Indígenas y Sinodescendientes, cuyo resultado fue la antología: Tenemos la Palabra, en la cual se muestra el trabajo de casi cincuenta creadores. Las escritoras Eintou Pearl Springer (Trinidad y Tobago), Melanie Taylor (Panamá), Myrna Manzanares (Belice) y Nancy Morejón (Cuba), fueron publicadas en dicha antología. Hoy nos llena de satisfacción publicar en la Revista Ístmica una parte de su obra poética1, así como su respectiva traducción al español, buscando exaltar su trabajo artístico y visibilizar la literatura escrita por mujeres afrodescendientes en el Caribe.
Voces y registros anticanónicos de la posguerra
Authors: Méndez de Penedo Lucrecia
Published: November 2017

Uno de los movimientos literarios de la posguerra guatemalteca fue la llamada Generación X, que se posicionó críticamente como una alternativa a la cultura oficial. Estos jóvenes artistas y escritores, en constante movimiento, rechazaban provocativamente las estructuras que los marginaban. Posicionados en una posmodernidad periférica, su referente era la globalización, como cambio radical de cultura. Ellos hicieron caso omiso de la memoria histórica, el canon sancionado, los códigos morales convencionales, las grandes narrativas y se sumergían honda -y a veces arriesgadamente- en su esfera privada, sin horizontes utópicos. Como reacción a las grandes o pequeñas editoriales que los desconocían, generaron sus propios medios de producción y divulgación para su producción literaria.
Afectividad y espacio biográfco en Centroamérica. Dos cartas de guerra y exilio
Authors: Carrillo Padilla Ana Lorena
Published: November 2017

Este artículo es parte de una investigación en curso, de mayor amplitud y alcance. Aquí se discute la pertinencia teórica del estudio de los afectos o la afectividad en un marco cultural para el análisis de textos autobiográfcos producidos durante el conﬂicto armado en Centroamérica en los años ochenta del siglo XX. En la primera parte se hace una presentación general del tema de los afectos y el espacio biográfco. En la segunda parte se presenta un somero estado de la cuestión en Centroamérica, con énfasis en Guatemala. En la tercera parte y fnal se analizan dos piezas de un pequeño epistolario familiar, como parte de un -todavía inexplorado- espacio biográfco centroamericano del conﬂicto armado, a modo de ejemplo de abordaje realizado desde diversas perspectivas, entre ellas la afectividad.
Reseña del libro El negocio del café de Costa Rica, el capital alemán y la geopolítica (1907-1936), de Gertrud Peters Solórzano
Authors: Samper Kutschbach Mario
Published: November 2017

La autora recorre con maestría, solidez y perspicacia la evolución de los mercados del café costarricense y de la cadena de producción primaria y acopio, transformación y transporte interno, exportación, transporte y comercialización ultramarina, torrefacción, distribución y consumo del estimulante y apetecido grano de la fruta del cafeto en Alemania.
Lecturas y apuntes en relación con el libro Voces de la montaña. Naturaleza y sociedad en el siglo XX (volcán Barva, Costa Rica), de Emilio Vargas Mena
Authors: Gil Zúñiga José Daniel
Published: November 2017

En la medida en que uno se va adentrando en la lectura de la obra va quedando dibujada la simbiosis entre los seres humanos y la naturaleza y los efectos que ello conlleva: “Las condiciones naturales imponen sus límites, pero la actividad humana encuentra las opciones de transformación del paisaje, experimenta y cambia su confguración, lo reinventa culturalmente como segunda naturaleza, algunas veces con resultados inesperados, peligrosos o catastrófcos, ambiental y socialmente”. Para quien lee, queda clara la relación entre paisaje natural, ﬂora, fauna y seres humanos. Su visión teórica queda clara y entendible para los no letrados en este campo.
Nitrative DNA damage in cultured macrophages exposed to indium oxide
Authors: Afroz Tahmina , Hiraku Yusuke , Ma Ning , Ahmed Sharif , Oikawa Shinji , Kawanishi Shosuke , Murata Mariko
Published: November 2017

Objectives

Indium compounds are used in manufacturing displays of mobile phones and televisions. However, these materials cause interstitial pneumonia in exposed workers. Animal experiments demonstrated that indium compounds caused lung cancer. Chronic inflammation is considered to play a role in lung carcinogenesis and fibrosis induced by particulate matters. 8-Nitroguanine (8-nitroG) is a mutagenic DNA lesion formed during inflammation and may participate in carcinogenesis. To clarify the mechanism of carcinogenesis, we examined 8-nitroG formation in indium-exposed cultured cells.

Methods

We treated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages with indium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles (primary diameter : 30-50 nm), and performed fluorescent immunocytochemistry to detect 8nitroG. The extent of 8-nitroG formation was evaluated by quantitative image analysis. We measured the amount of nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatant of In2O3-treated cells by the Griess method. We also examined the effects of inhibitors of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and endocytosis on In2O3-induced 8-nitroG formation.

Results

In2O3 significantly increased the intensity of 8-nitroG formation in RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In2O3-induced 8-nitroG formation was observed at 2 h and further increased at 4 h, and the amount of NO released from In2O3-exposed cells was significantly increased at 2-4 h compared with the control. 8-NitroG formation was suppressed by 1400W (an iNOS inhibitor), methyl-β-cyclodextrin and monodansylcadaverine (inhibitors of caveolae-and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, respectively).

Conclusions

These results suggest that endocytosis and NO generation participate in indium-induced 8-nitroG formation. NO released from indium-exposed inflammatory cells may induce DNA damage in adjacent lung epithelial cells and contribute to carcinogenesis.
A Farewell from the Editor
Authors: Acalovschi Monica
Published: November 2017

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High Resolution Manometry and pH stepup method on the localisation of the lower esophageal sphincter
Authors: Haarala Atte , Linjamäki Juli-Anna , Tuominen Heikki , Kähönen Mika
Published: November 2017

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Intubation Failure During Gastroscopy: Incidence, Predictors and Follow-Up Findings
Authors: Siau Keith , Li Jessie , Fisher Neil C. , Mulder Chris J.J. , Ishaq Sauid
Published: November 2017

Background: Intubation failure (IF) occurs when an endoscopist is unable to progress via the oropharynx into the upper oesophagus. Aim: To assess incidence and aetiology of IF and predictors of structural pharyngeal abnormalities in patients with IF.Methods: All gastroscopies (n=26,130) performed in our centre, between August 2010 and August 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Barium radiology and repeat gastroscopy findings were evaluated for structural causes of IF. Patients were categorised into ‘failure to tolerate’ and ‘failure to progress’ based on endoscopy reports.Results: The incidence of IF was 0.95%. Rates of IF varied with endoscopist specialty (p=0.021), but not with patient age, sex or sedation dose. Among cases of IF, structural pharyngeal abnormalities were detected on barium radiology in 28.9%, consisting of cricopharyngeal hypertrophy and/or Zenker’s diverticulum in 73.2%. ‘Failure to progress’ predicted pharyngeal pathology in 55.6%. Predictors of structural causes on barium radiology following IF included: age ≥65 (OR 4.0, 95% CI: 1.8-8.9, p<0.001); indication of dysphagia (OR 5.5, 95% CI: 2.5-11.8, p<0.001), and failure of endoscopic progression (OR 5.2, 95% CI: 2.3-12.0, p<0.001).Conclusion: Patients with IF should be investigated owing to the high risk of underlying pathology, particularly if associated with age ≥65, dysphagia, and failure of endoscopic progression. We propose that IF rates of <1% could be used as a quality indicator in gastroscopy. .Abbreviations: ASGE: Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; CI: Confidence interval; CP: Cricopharyngeus; CPH: Cricopharyngeal hypertrophy; FESD: Flexible endoscopic septum division; GRS: Global rating scale; IF: Intubation failure; JAG: Joint Advisory Group for gastrointestinal endoscopy; NME: Non-medical endoscopist; OR: Odds ratio; SI: Successful intubation; ZD: Zenker’s diverticulum.
Rare Primary Esophageal Paget’s Disease Diagnosed on a Large Bloc Specimen Obtained by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: Mori Hirohito , Ayaki Maki , Kobara Hideki , Goda Yasuhiro , Nishiyama Noriko , Masaki Tsutomu
Published: November 2017

Primary esophageal Paget’s disease is rare. Only a few case reports have described the intraepithelial papillary capillary loop (IPCL) pattern obtained by magnified Narrow Band Imaging (M-NBI) endoscopy in this rare pathology. This report highlights the usefulness of M-NBI and the successful diagnosis using a large bloc specimen obtained by endoscopic mucosal resection with the cap method (EMR−c). A 53-year-old man was referred to endoscopic examination for dysphagia. The endoscopic image revealed a ring-shaped scarring of the esophagus suggestive for eosinophilic esophagitis. The IPCL pattern by M-NBI endoscopy showed an inflammatory pattern, and the entire epithelium of the esophagus was not stained by Lugol iodine spraying. Based on six biopsies randomly performed, a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was diagnosed. Since the M-NBI pattern and the histology were completely different, EMR−c was performed to obtain large bloc specimens for a more detailed diagnosis. The pathological findings revealed extensive Paget’s cells infiltration into the epithelium and multifocal invasion from the mucosa to the submucosal layer with adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, a large bloc specimen by EMR-c might be more useful than a small biopsy for an accurate diagnosis of the rare esophageal Paget’s disease.Key words:  –  – .Abbreviations: EMR−c: endoscopic mucosal resection with cap method; IPCL: intraepithelial papillary capillary loop; LVLs: Lugol-voiding lesions; M-NBI: magnified Narrow Band Imaging; PET-CT: Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography.
UGT1A1*33 (TA)5 is more common in Romania and Northern Sweden than previously believed
Authors: Ekblom Kim , Hultdin Johan
Published: November 2017

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Twelve tips for medical students to get the most out of an undergraduate neurosurgery placement
Authors: Myers Matthew A. , Hall Samuel R. , Waters Ryan J.
Published: November 2017

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. An understanding of core neurosurgical conditions is essential for medical students and junior doctors. However, little time is devoted to neurosurgery in the medical curriculum. It is therefore important to capitalise on this valuable time and these tips are aimed to make this time educational, enjoyable and productive. Based on the literature and experience of the authors, the tips are to 1) revise neuroanatomy, 2) assess acutely unwell neurosurgical patients on the ward, 3) spend time in theatre, 4) spend time on a neuro-intensive care unit, 5) spend time with the on-call registrars, 6) split time across the subspecialties, 7) go to the MDT meetings, 8) get involved in research, 9) consider neurosurgery as career, 10) consider the work/life balance, 11) observe the life of the consultants and 12) recap knowledge. Before starting your neurosurgery placement, consider when and how you will implement these tips to maximise the educational gains.
There is a Place for Passion
Authors: Udo Itoro
Published: November 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Passion generates followership. Likewise low morale can be corrosive. This article reflects on the unique circumstances that lead this clinical educator to develop his interest in medical education. Nurture and exposure seem to have been crucial influences in generating interest. Tangible gains and positive educational outcomes sustained it. Some current challenges for clinical educators in the UK's National Health Service are highlighted. These include pass rates for international doctors in postgraduate exams, gradual erosion of clinical teaching time and low morale among junior doctors.
Mission and Purpose
Authors: Bass Jordan
Published: November 2017

Mission and Purpose for for Volume Three, Issue Three: Special Issues on Family Issues in Amateur Athletics
EVOLUTION OF THE NOTION OF REGION IN THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL REGIONS
Authors: Konstantynov V.
Published: November 2017

The research is dedicated to the study of methodological problem of emergence and evolution of the notion of “region” within political studies of international regional systems and institutions. Transformation of approaches and multiple aspect under investigation by the scholars who study international regionalism, define importance of terminology for these research endeavors. The notion of the region is central for understanding of the role of territory in research of international regionalism. Thus it is crucial to define directions and outcomes of transformations of the notion to succeed in studies of international political issues of regional systems. The article investigates evolution of the approaches to the term “region” from the first encounters made by political geographers to define international regions as a phenomenon of international relations research, to the emergence of specific research approaches by international relations scholars to the essence of region in the study of international issues, international regionalism and regionalisation. The very emergence of the international regionalism as a separate phenomenon within international relations area depend upon multiplicity of definitions of the region, elaborated by scholars throughout history of the discipline. The article uncovers link between the notion of the region in the international political research and evolution of approaches to the study of the phenomenon of international regionalism, multiple aspects of regionalism in international relations, complexity of the regionalism typology amid international cooperation evolution in different parts of international system.
Jørgen Bo y Vilhelm Wohlert. Louisiana y la tradición moderna
Authors: Ferrer Forés Jaime J.
Published: November 2017

Este artículo recorre la trayectoria de los arquitectos daneses Jørgen Bo (Copenhague, 1919-1999) y Vilhelm Wohlert (Copenhague, 1920-2007) caracterizada por la fidelidad a la herencia material de la cultura constructiva danesa y analiza el Pabellón para Niels Bohr en Tisvilde (1956-1957) y el Museo de Arte Moderno Louisiana en Humlebæk (1956-1958). La progresiva asimilación y reinterpretación del Movimiento Moderno en Dinamarca cristaliza en una modernidad radicada en la reivindicación de las raíces culturales, donde la integración paisajística y la honestidad material forjan una obra que revela la herencia cultural danesa. La tradición material de la escuela del bygmester de Jensen Klint guiará la rigurosa obra de Bo y Wohlert. A partir de los documentos originales de los arquitectos y de las conversaciones con el profesor danés Vilhelm Wohlert, el artículo reivindica la vigencia de una obra donde la expresividad se reduce a la mínima expresión y el refinamiento constructivo a la máxima expresión.
CABA: Cartografía de los barrios de Caracas. 1966-2014. VVAA
Authors: Zamora Hernán Antonio
Published: November 2017

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Conocimiento y arquitectura
Authors: García Braña Celestino
Published: November 2017

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Hambre de arquitectura. Santiago de Molina
Authors: Galmés Cerezo Álvaro
Published: November 2017

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Toni Gironès. Arquitectura e intuición
Authors: López-Bahut Emma , Paz-Agras Luz
Published: November 2017

Entrevista realizada al arquitecto catalán Toni Gironès, cuya obra sirve para ilustrar el concepto “construcción mínima / intervención máxima”. El objetivo es mostrar las cuestiones teóricas que sustentan su proceso de diseño y construcción, como la idea de habitabilidad, que es entendida como una mediación entre los habitantes y el medio en el que viven, con sus características biológicas y ambientales, pero también con unas determinadas prexistencias que se intentan revelar. Situado en el pensamiento analógico y con la intuición personal como herramienta, Gironès proyecta con dos elementos clave: el límite, como espacio de trabajo, y el tiempo, como parte de la construcción de su obra.
Estratégias projetuais: Máximo e Mínimo
Authors: Godinho Lima Ana Gabriela
Published: November 2017

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URRUTIA, Jorge (2016). Política del acontecimiento literario: la cuestión del 98. Madrid: Editorial Biblioteca Nueva, 110 pp. ISBN: 978-84-16647-96-5.
Authors: Viñuela Soto Leticia
Published: November 2017

URRUTIA, Jorge (2016). Política del acontecimiento literario: la cuestión del 98. Madrid: Editorial Biblioteca Nueva, 110 pp. ISBN: 978-84-16647-96-5.
Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the promotion of healing of chronic ulcers
Authors: Raslan Mohamed M. , Milad Nader M. , Abd AlAziz Ahmed
Published: November 2017

Background: Chronic ulcers are a big health problem worldwide. Having a great impact at personal, social and professional levels. The use of autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is a major advance in the treatment of these ulcers as an easy and cost-effective method. Platelets provide numerous growth factors enhancing tissue healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma as a treatment of chronic non-healing ulcers.Methods: Autologous PRP was prepared from whole blood by centrifugation and activated by 10% calcium chloride. Twenty-Four (24) patients with non-healing ulcers of different etiologies, whom they met our inclusion criteria, were treated with PRP injected every two weeks locally into their wounds until healing. The ulcer dimensions were measured every week. The follow-up period was 12 weeks after healing.Results: The mean age of the study population 41±21 years. Complete healing was achieved in all patients. The mean rate of healing (average decrease in ulcer dimensions) was 0.48 cm/week. The rate of healing was greater at the week following injection. The mean time for healing was 6.11 weeks.Conclusions: Author witnessed the useful effects of PRP application on enhancing wound healing. The results from our case series showed that PRP is a safe and effective treatment for the promotion of healing chronic ulcers. Further research and controlled, randomized prospective clinical trials on larger patient population are important to validate our results.
Halaman Ediotorial Team
Authors: Millati By
Published: November 2017

Pimpinan RedaksiBenny RidwanRedaktur PelaksanaA. FaidiDewan RedaksiSidqon MaesurMubasirunM. Ghufron Ma’rufSupardiDistributorSuesthi MaharaniMoh. NuryansahPenerbitInstitut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) SalatigaEmail: millati.fuadah@gmail.comwww.//e-journal.iainsalatiga.ac.id/millati/Alamat RedaksiJalan Tentara Pelajar 01 Salatiga 50721 IndonesiaTerbit PertamakaliJuni 2016Frekuensi Terbit2 (dua) kali setahun
Цифровые технологии в здравоохранении как инновационный вектор развития отрасли: телемедицина
Authors: Лясников Николай Васильевич , Хамбазаров Шамиль Бесланович
Published: November 2017

Целью данной статьи является исследование потенциальной эффективности использования телемедицинских технологий в контексте цифровизации национальной системы здравоохранения. В рамках статьи на основе экономико-статических и контентных методов исследования изложены основные преимущества и ограничения использования цифровых технологий в здравоохранении, а также описана базовая концепция создания распределенной сети диагностико-клинических служб, которые представляют собой связующее звено между пациентом (потребителем) и лечебно-профилактическими учреждениями (поставщиками медицинских услуг). Также в статье показано, что такие диагностико-клинические службы должны не только осуществлять удаленный мониторинг состояния пациентов с целью упреждения критических состояний, но и кроме этого показана консалтинговая и просветительская роль таких структур, что соответствует общей тенденции когнитивизации экономического и социально-бытового сектора. На основе зарубежного опыта обоснована социальная и экономическая эффективность использования инновационных телемедицинских технологий на догоспитальном этапе ведения пациентов с кардиологическими заболеваниями.
Оптимизация бизнес-процессов промышленного предприятия на основе внедрения процессного подхода
Authors: Бабикова Анна Валерьевна , Корсаков Михаил Николаевич , Сарафанов Андрей Дмитриевич
Published: November 2017

Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам совершенствования деятельности предприятия на основе моделирования бизнес-процессов. Обозначены ключевые тенденции в области процессного управления на предприятиях, описаны методы оптимизации различных производственно-экономических систем, описана методология оптимизации бизнес-процессов. Предложен подход к оптимизации бизнес-процессов предприятия с использованием методик реинжиниринга процессов и инструментов математического моделирования. Реализация предложенного подхода позволит сформировать решение об изменении структуры декомпозированного производственного процесса, что приводит к сокращению длительности исполнения процесса, снижению стоимости и, как следствие, сокращению себестоимости выпускаемого изделия. Регрессионный и корреляционный анализ позволят установить зависимость между показателями выпуска на различных рабочих центрах с финансовым результатом за тот же период. Реализация предложенного подхода позволит формировать структуру с прозрачными управленческими механизмами и повысить управляемость организацией на всех уровнях: от стратегического до операционного.
Возможности координации органов власти и предприятий высокотехнологичных и наукоемких отраслей в процессе подготовки производственного персонала в инновационной экономике
Authors: Никиточкина Юлия Валентиновна
Published: November 2017

В статье рассмотрено место высокотехнологичных и наукоемких предприятий в инновационной экономике современной России. Выделены ключевые особенности данных предприятий. Раскрыты основные системообразующие характеристики производственных коллективов высокотехнологичных и наукоёмких предприятий, которые необходимо учитывать при формировании коллектива для устойчивого функционирования и стратегического развития данных предприятий. С учетом этих характеристик, сформированы предложения по координации органов власти и предприятий высокотехнологичных и наукоемких отраслей в части подготовки кадрового состава, способного работать на данных предприятиях.
Разумная социально-экономическая действительность как равнодействующая двух контрастных полюсов естественного света разума – глупости и мудрости
Authors: Косьмин Анатолий Данилович , Кузнецова Ольга Павловна , Косьмина Елена Анатольевна
Published: November 2017

Целью представленной работы является критическое рассмотрение содержания, направленности действия и гипотетических последствий (эффектов) реализации различного рода правительственных и президентских экономических новелл, затрагивающих коренные интересы подавляющего большинства российских граждан. В статье представлен анализ результатов исследования различных Международных организаций по определению аспектов благополучия и счастья с целью получения объективного представления о дистанции, отделяющей Россию от проактивных государств, которая идентифицируется с данными российской статистики и социологических исследований и является следствием жесточайшего равнодушия властей к народу, ограничения личной свободы россиян, свободы их благополучия и субъектности. Для того, чтобы преодолеть выявленное отставания России от развитых стран мира по различным аспектам благополучия и счастья, необходимо удовлетворить Конституционное право голоса граждан страны, их право знать о конкретных намерениях – действиях властного треугольника «президент – парламент – правительство», в котором остаётся слабой системность взаимоотношений указанных властей в решении задачи человеческого развития для всех и каждого, право участвовать в общественной дискуссии и быть субъектами формирования своей жизни, с одной стороны, и создать благоприятные возможности для всех (граждан) пользоваться плодами прогресса в области человеческого развития, с другой стороны.
Оценка финансово-экономического потенциала инновационного предприятия с помощью моделей с высоким уровнем чувствительности
Authors: Гареева Наиля Альфритовна
Published: November 2017

В статье проведена комплексная диагностика вероятности банкротства нефтеперерабатывающего предприятия. Исследование и оценка имеющегося финансово-экономического потенциала предприятия с помощью моделей с высоким уровнем чувствительности способствует выявлению резервов повышения эффективности его деятельности и дает возможность корректировать направления инновационного развития хозяйствующего субъекта. Автором предложены инновационные мероприятия в рамках совершенствования финансового состояния предприятия.
Трехкомпонентная модель управленческой готовности
Authors: Синягин Юрий Викторович
Published: November 2017

В статье на основе многолетних исследований на выборке в более чем три тысячи руководителей государственной гражданской службы Российской Федерации обосновывается трехкомпонентная модель управленческой готовности. Анализируются понятия «управленческий потенциал» и «управленческая готовность» руководителей. Характеризуются три составляющие представленной модели: лидерская, экспертно-аналитическая, менеджерская. Выделяются показатели, отражающие уровень развития каждой из выделенных составляющих, выступающих в качестве метакомпетентностей руководителей государственной службы, выявленных в процессе их личностно-профессиональной диагностики. Управленческая готовность рассматривается как составная часть общей готовности руководителя к профессиональной деятельности, как система мировоззренческих, мотивационно-ценностных и гностических компонентов, характеризующих его личность. Описываются показатели уровня развития управленческой готовности - управленческая компетентность, готовность к командной работе и компетентности самоуправления. Модель представляется основой для построения рейтингов руководителей по итогам диагностики как по оценке управленческого потенциала, так и по отдельным составляющим управленческой готовности с акцентом на выделение групп с разным соотношением их выраженности.