bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do You Know Where You Are? Bringing Indigenous Teaching Methods into the Classroom
Authors: Jacob Michelle M. , RunningHawk Johnson Stephany , Chappell Deanna
Published: January 2021

Within sociological literature, Indigenous Studies and settler colonial theoretical frameworks are beginning to be regarded with greater respect and consideration. Yet, the discipline still struggles to emerge from the grasp of settler colonial assumptions; we continue to wait for U.S. Sociology to acknowledge and appreciate that all teaching, learning, and research on Turtle Island takes place on Indigenous homeland. It is a tall task to “decolonize” sociology as a field; however, Indigenous feminist scholars remind us of our responsibilities to critique problems and to offer a generative pathway forward. We take up this charge and offer our experiences and suggestions for how we can take steps toward decolonizing our college classrooms. In this article, a professor and two students write about our differing and shared experiences of learning together in an Indigenous Methodologies graduate seminar at a research-intensive university. We approached the class, and this article, with the following question: What if we were able to imagine a classroom experience that nurtured and inspired us to be in good relation with the Indigenous peoples and homelands on which our classrooms are built? We share our experiences and suggest tools we all may use to bring Indigenous teaching methods into our classrooms, and into our lives outside the classrooms.
Drain fluid cryo-explant technique for treatment of superior bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in young adults
Authors: Solaiman Kamal A.M. , Mahrous Ashraf , Enany Hesham A. , Bor’i Ashraf
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of the drain fluid cryo-explant (DFCE) technique for the management of uncomplicated superior bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in young adults.

Patients and methods:

A retrospective study that included eyes with uncomplicated superior bullous RRD in patients ⩽40 years old. DFCE technique consists of sequential drainage of subretinal fluid, intravitreal fluid injection, cryotherapy, and placement of a scleral explant(s). The primary outcome measure was anatomical reposition of the retina after a single surgery. Secondary outcome measures included improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and any reported complication related to the procedure.

Results:

The study included 51 eyes which met the study eligibility criteria. The mean duration of detachment was 19.7 ± 6.4 days. A single retinal break was found in 31 eyes (60.8%), and more than one break were found in 20 eyes (39.2%). The mean number of breaks per eye was 1.72 ± 1.04. The mean detached area per eye was 7.21 ± 3.19 clock hours, and the macula was detached in 22 eyes (43.1%). Flattening of the retina and closure of all retinal breaks was achieved in all eyes after a single surgery. Late recurrence of retinal detachment occurred in two eyes (3.9%) due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). No complicated cataract or iatrogenic retinal breaks were detected in all eyes.

Conclusion:

DFCE technique could be effectively used for treatment of uncomplicated superior bullous RRD in adults ⩽40 years. It is safe and provides good visualization during surgery with no iatrogenic retinal breaks or complicated cataract.
Surgical Management of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: An Overview
Authors: Nagaradona Sreedhar Reddy , Machiraju Krishna , Kurapati Srinivasulu Reddy , Boggula Srinivas , Setty Sridhar Anumala , Azam Sadiq
Published: January 2021

Acute type A aortic dissection is a catastrophic disease that develops from a tear within the intima of the aortic wall, thereby creating a false lumen in the ascending aorta. Early suspicion, diagnosis, and prompt surgery play a key role in the survival of patients. It is a surgical emergency and requires replacement of the ascending aorta/aortic root with or without aortic arch replacement. Over the past decade the surgical outcomes have improved in specialized tertiary centers.
Cathepsin B promotes collagen biosynthesis, which drives bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
Authors: Morrone Carmela , Smirnova Natalia F. , Jeridi Aicha , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Hollauer Christine , Schupp Jonas Christian , Kaminski Naftali , Jenne Dieter , Eickelberg Oliver , Yildirim Ali Önder
Published: January 2021

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a major complication after lung transplantation (LTx). BOS is characterised by massive peribronchial fibrosis, leading to air trapping-induced pulmonary dysfunction. Cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, has been shown to enforce fibrotic pathways in several diseases. However, the relevance of cathepsin B in BOS progression has not yet been addressed. The aim of the study was to elucidate the function of cathepsin B in BOS pathogenesis.

We determined cathepsin B levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue from healthy donors (HD) and BOS LTx patients. Cathepsin B activity was assessedviaa fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay and protein expression was determined using Western blotting, ELISA and immunostaining. To investigate the impact of cathepsin B in the pathophysiology of BOS, we used anin vivoorthotopic left LTx mouse model. Mechanistic studies were performedin vitrousing macrophage and fibroblast cell lines.

We found a significant increase of cathepsin B activity in BALF and lung tissue from BOS patients, as well as in our murine model of lymphocytic bronchiolitis. Moreover, cathepsin B activity was associated with increased biosynthesis of collagen and had a negative effect on lung function. We observed that cathepsin B was mainly expressed in macrophages that infiltrated areas characterised by a massive accumulation of collagen deposition. Mechanistically, macrophage-derived cathepsin B contributed to transforming growth factor-β1-dependent activation of fibroblasts, and its inhibition reversed the phenotype.

Infiltrating macrophages release active cathepsin B, thereby promoting fibroblast activation and subsequent collagen deposition, which drive BOS. Cathepsin B represents a promising therapeutic target to prevent the progression of BOS.
Association between asthma control trajectories in preschoolers and disease remission
Authors: Longo Cristina , Blais Lucie , Brownell Marni , Quail Jacqueline M. , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Forget Amélie , Turcot Marc-André , Nie Yao , Li Wenbin , Tavakoli Hamid , Tan Qier , Fan Yuxin , Platt Robert W. , Ducharme Francine M.
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Early disease morbidity has been associated with asthma persistence in wheezing preschoolers; however, whether asthma control trajectories shortly after diagnosis could influence remission is unknown. We examined the association between asthma control trajectories 2 years post-diagnosis in preschoolers and subsequent disease remission.

Methods

We conducted a multicentre population-based retrospective cohort study consisting of 48 687 children with asthma diagnosed before 5 years old and born between 1990 and 2013 in four Canadian provinces who had prolonged disease activity post-diagnosis. Prolonged disease activity was defined as one or more medical visits or medications for asthma every 6-month period for at least four of the six periods post-diagnosis. Follow-up began at 3 years post-diagnosis (at cohort entry). Remission was defined as 2 consecutive years without drug claims or medical visits for asthma or asthma-like conditions following cohort entry. Asthma control trajectories, ascertained over four 6-month periods following diagnosis using a validated index, were classified as: “controlled throughout”, “improving control”, “worsening control”, “out of control throughout” and “fluctuating control”. Adjusted Cox models estimated associations between asthma control trajectories and time to remission. A random effects meta-analysis summarised province-specific hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

The pooled remission rate was 8.91 (95% CI 8.80–9.02) per 100 person-years. Compared with children controlled throughout, poorer asthma control was associated with incrementally lower hazard ratios of remission in four other trajectories: improving control (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.96), fluctuating control (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.71–0.85), worsening control (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.62–0.75) and out of control throughout (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.45–0.59).

Conclusions

Asthma control trajectories 2 years following a diagnosis in preschoolers were associated with remission, highlighting the clinical relevance of documenting control trajectories in early life.
Rescue of multiple class II CFTR mutations by elexacaftor+tezacaftor+ivacaftor mediated in part by the dual activities of elexacaftor as both corrector and potentiator
Authors: Laselva Onofrio , Bartlett Claire , Gunawardena Tarini N.A. , Ouyang Hong , Eckford Paul D.W. , Moraes Theo J. , Bear Christine E. , Gonska Tanja
Published: January 2021

Positive results in pre-clinical studies of the triple combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor, performed in airway epithelial cell cultures obtained from patients harbouring the class II cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation F508del-CFTR, translated to impressive clinical outcomes for subjects carrying this mutation in clinical trials and approval of Trikafta.

Encouraged by this correlation, we were prompted to evaluate the effect of the elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor triple combination on primary nasal epithelial cultures obtained from individuals with rare class II CF-causing mutations (G85E, M1101K and N1303K) for which Trikafta is not approved.

Cultures from individuals homozygous for M1101K responded better than cultures harbouring G85E and N1303K after treatment with the triple combination with respect to improvement in regulated channel function and protein processing. A similar genotype-specific effect of the triple combination was observed when the different mutations were expressed in HEK293 cells, supporting the hypothesis that these modulators may act directly on the mutant proteins. Detailed studies in nasal cultures and HEK293 cells showed that the corrector, elexacaftor, exhibited dual activity as both corrector and potentiator, and suggested that the potentiator activity contributes to its pharmacological activity.

These pre-clinical studies using nasal epithelial cultures identified mutation genotypes for which elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor may produce clinical responses that are comparable to, or inferior to, those observed for F508del-CFTR.
Prevalence, progression and impact of chronic cough on employment in Northern Europe
Authors: Johansson Henrik , Johannessen Ane , Holm Mathias , Forsberg Bertil , Schlünssen Vivi , Jõgi Rain , Clausen Michael , Lindberg Eva , Malinovschi Andrei , Emilsson Össur Ingi
Published: January 2021

We investigated the prevalence of chronic cough and its association with work ability and sick leave in the general population.

Data were analysed from the Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) III cohort (n=13 500), of which 11 252 participants had also participated in RHINE II 10 years earlier, a multicentre study in Northern Europe. Participants answered a questionnaire on chronic cough, employment factors, smoking and respiratory comorbidities.

Nonproductive chronic cough was found in 7% and productive chronic cough in 9% of the participants. Participants with nonproductive cough were more often female and participants with productive cough were more often smokers and had a higher body mass index (BMI) than those without cough. Participants with chronic cough more often reported >7 days of sick leave in the preceding year than those without cough (“nonproductive cough” 21% and “productive cough” 24%; p<0.001 for comparisons with “no cough” 13%). This pattern was consistent after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, education level, smoking status and comorbidities. Participants with chronic cough at baseline reported lower work ability and more often had >7 days of sick leave at follow-up than those without cough. These associations remained significant after adjusting for cough at follow-up and other confounding factors.

Chronic cough was found in around one in six participants and was associated with more sick leave. Chronic cough 10 years earlier was associated with lower work ability and sick leave at follow-up. These associations were not explained by studied comorbidities. This indication of negative effects on employment from chronic cough needs to be recognised.
Cardiopulmonary recovery after COVID-19: an observational prospective multicentre trial
Authors: Sonnweber Thomas , Sahanic Sabina , Pizzini Alex , Luger Anna , Schwabl Christoph , Sonnweber Bettina , Kurz Katharina , Koppelstätter Sabine , Haschka David , Petzer Verena , Boehm Anna , Aichner Magdalena , Tymoszuk Piotr , Lener Daniela , Theurl Markus , Lorsbach-Köhler Almut , Tancevski Amra , Schapfl Anna , Schaber Marc , Hilbe Richard , Nairz Manfred , Puchner Bernhard , Hüttenberger Doris , Tschurtschenthaler Christoph , Aßhoff Malte , Peer Andreas , Hartig Frank , Bellmann Romuald , Joannidis Michael , Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Holfeld Johannes , Feuchtner Gudrun , Egger Alexander , Hoermann Gregor , Schroll Andrea , Fritsche Gernot , Wildner Sophie , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa , Kirchmair Rudolf , Helbok Raimund , Prosch Helmut , Rieder Dietmar , Trajanoski Zlatko , Kronenberg Florian , Wöll Ewald , Weiss Günter , Widmann Gerlig , Löffler-Ragg Judith , Tancevski Ivan
Published: January 2021

Background

After the 2002/2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, 30% of survivors exhibited persisting structural pulmonary abnormalities. The long-term pulmonary sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are yet unknown, and comprehensive clinical follow-up data are lacking.

Methods

In this prospective, multicentre, observational study, we systematically evaluated the cardiopulmonary damage in subjects recovering from COVID-19 at 60 and 100 days after confirmed diagnosis. We conducted a detailed questionnaire, clinical examination, laboratory testing, lung function analysis, echocardiography and thoracic low-dose computed tomography (CT).

Results

Data from 145 COVID-19 patients were evaluated, and 41% of all subjects exhibited persistent symptoms 100 days after COVID-19 onset, with dyspnoea being most frequent (36%). Accordingly, patients still displayed an impaired lung function, with a reduced diffusing capacity in 21% of the cohort being the most prominent finding. Cardiac impairment, including a reduced left ventricular function or signs of pulmonary hypertension, was only present in a minority of subjects. CT scans unveiled persisting lung pathologies in 63% of patients, mainly consisting of bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or reticulation in the lower lung lobes, without radiological signs of pulmonary fibrosis. Sequential follow-up evaluations at 60 and 100 days after COVID-19 onset demonstrated a vast improvement of symptoms and CT abnormalities over time.

Conclusion

A relevant percentage of post-COVID-19 patients presented with persisting symptoms and lung function impairment along with radiological pulmonary abnormalities >100 days after the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, our results indicate a significant improvement in symptoms and cardiopulmonary status over time.
Scepter dual‐lumen balloon catheter for Onyx embolization for dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Jang Chang Ki , Kim Byung Moon , Park Keun Young , Lee Jae Whan , Kim Dong Joon , Chung Joonho , Kim Jun-Hwee
Published: January 2021

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Scepter dual-lumen balloon catheter for transarterial Onyx embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF).

Methods

Transarterial Onyx embolization using a Scepter dual-lumen balloon catheter (Scepter-assisted Onyx embolization) for DAVF was attempted in a total of 35 patients (mean age, 52.5 years; M:F = 24:11) between October 2012 and December 2018. The results of Scepter-assisted Onyx embolization were evaluated with respect to total procedural and Onyx injection times, the types and number of feeders requiring embolization, angiographic and clinical outcomes, and treatment-related complications.

Results

Initial presentations were non-hemorrhagic neurological deficits in 10, intracranial hemorrhage in 8, seizure in 7, headache in 7, and intractable tinnitus in 3. All DAVF were aggressive type (Borden type 2, 14.3 %; type 3, 85.7 %). Scepter-assisted Onyx embolization resulted in immediately complete occlusion in 33 patients (94.3 %) and near complete occlusion in 2 patients. Middle meningeal artery (51.4 %) was the most commonly used for Scepter-assisted technique, followed by occipital artery (42.9 %), ascending pharyngeal artery (2.9 %) and superficial temporal artery (2.9 %). There was no difference in complete occlusion rate between middle meningeal artery and the other arteries (94.4 % versus 94.1 %). The median number of total feeders embolized was 1 (range, 1–3). The median total procedural time was 45 minutes (range, 21 minutes – 127 minutes) and the median Onyx injection time was 11 minutes (range, 3 minutes – 25 minutes). All patients recovered completely (n = 31) or partially (n = 4) from presenting symptoms. Treatment-related complications occurred in 2 patients, of whom one had a permanent morbidity (2.8 %, ipsilateral facial nerve palsy). No patient showed a recurrence on follow-up imaging (median, 15 months; range, 3–56 months).

Conclusions

Scepter-assisted transarterial Onyx embolization showed a very high complete occlusion rate with a low morbidity and no recurrence in aggressive type DAVF. Scepter dual-lumen balloon catheter seems to be a useful tool for transarterial Onyx embolization of DAVF.
Smoking prevalence among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and its association with disease severity and mortality: an expanded re-analysis of a recent publication
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos , Bagos Pantelis G. , Giannouchos Theodoros , Niaura Raymond , Barbouni Anastasia , Poulas Konstantinos
Published: January 2021

Background

There is a lot of debate about the effects of smoking on COVID-19. A recent fixed-effects meta-analysis found smoking to be associated with disease severity among hospitalized patients, but other studies report an unusually low prevalence of smoking among hospitalized patients. The purpose of this study was to expand the analysis by calculating the prevalence odds ratio (POR) of smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, while the association between smoking and disease severity and mortality was examined by random-effects meta-analyses considering the highly heterogeneous study populations.

Methods

The same studies as examined in the previous meta-analysis were analyzed (N = 22, 20 studies from China and 2 from USA). The POR relative to the expected smoking prevalence was calculated using gender and age-adjusted population smoking rates. Random-effects meta-analyses were used for all other associations.

Results

A total of 7162 patients were included, with 482 being smokers. The POR was 0.24 (95%CI 0.19–0.30). Unlike the original study, the association between smoking and disease severity was not statistically significant using random-effects meta-analysis (OR 1.40, 95%CI 0.98–1.98). In agreement with the original study, no statistically significant association was found between smoking and mortality (OR 1.86, 95%CI 0.88–3.94).

Conclusion

An unusually low prevalence of smoking, approximately 1/4th the expected prevalence, was observed among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Any association between smoking and COVID-19 severity cannot be generalized but should refer to the seemingly low proportion of smokers who develop severe COVID-19 that requires hospitalization. Smokers should be advised to quit due to long-term health risks, but pharmaceutical nicotine or other nicotinic cholinergic agonists should be explored as potential therapeutic options, based on a recently presented hypothesis.
Using mobile phones to improve young people sexual and reproductive health in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review to identify barriers, facilitators, and range of mHealth solutions
Authors: Feroz Anam Shahil , Ali Naureen Akber , Khoja Adeel , Asad Armish , Saleem Sarah
Published: January 2021

Background

Globally, reproductive health programs have used mHealth to provide sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education and services to young people, through diverse communication channels. However, few attempts have been made to systematically review the mHealth programs targeted to improve young people SRH in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). This review aims to identify a range of different mHealth solutions that can be used for improving young people SRH in LMICs and highlight facilitators and barriers for adopting mHealth interventions designed to target SRH of young people.

Methods

Databases including PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Science Direct, Cochrane Central, and grey literature were searched between January 01, 2005 and March 31, 2020 to identify various types of mHealth interventions that are used to improve SRH services for young people in LMICs. Of 2948 titles screened after duplication, 374 potentially relevant abstracts were obtained. Out of 374 abstracts, 75 abstracts were shortlisted. Full text of 75 studies were reviewed using a pre-defined data extraction sheet. A total of 15 full-text studies were included in the final analysis.

Results

The final 15 studies were categorized into three main mHealth applications including client education and behavior change communication, data collection and reporting, and financial transactions and incentives. The most reported use of mHealth was for client education and behavior change communication [n = 14, 93%] followed by financial transactions and incentives, and data collection and reporting Little evidence exists on other types of mHealth applications described in Labrique et al. framework. Included studies evaluated the impact of mHealth interventions on access to SRH services (n = 9) and SRH outcomes (n = 6). mHealth interventions in included studies addressed barriers of provider prejudice, stigmatization, discrimination, fear of refusal, lack of privacy, and confidentiality. The studies also identified barriers to uptake of mHealth interventions for SRH including decreased technological literacy, inferior network coverage, and lower linguistic competency.

Conclusion

The review provides detailed information about the implementation of mobile phones at different levels of the healthcare system for improving young people SRH outcomes. This systematic review recommends that barriers to uptake mHealth interventions be adequately addressed to increase the potential use of mobile phones for improving access to SRH awareness and services.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42018087585 (Feb 5, 2018)
Anxiolytic-like effect of Urena lobata (L.) in swiss albino mice
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Riaz Thoufiqul Alam , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: January 2021

Anxiety disorders are general and psychological problems that are also linked to symptoms of depression. This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effects of Urena lobata L. (MEUL) methanolic extract in different behavioral paradigms in Swiss albino mice. For this, after an oral acute toxicity study, adult male mice were treated with MEUL (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) and/or diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), and subjected to a number of behavioral studies. In the open-field test, the number of square field cross, grooming, and rearing, was counted, while in the light/dark and swing test, the time spent in the dark portion and number of swings was calculated, respectively. Additionally, the phytochemical analysis was also done. Results reveal that the MEUL possesses alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenes (including triterpenes), gums, and reducing sugars. MEUL showed a significant (p < 0.05) anxiolytic-like effect in experimental animals, where it’s dose-dependently modulated the test parameters in an open-field test. The MEUL also increased the light residence time and the number of swings in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 500 mg/kg of MEUL caused the highest calming effect when combined with the experimental animals’ diazepam group. Taken together, findings expand an understanding of the impact of U. lobata on the central nervous system and show that this plant may be useful for the treatment of disorders associated with anxiety.
Case Report: Thalamomesencephalic stroke in a patient with HIV
Authors: George Jerry , Joseph Sibi , Tau Mongezi , Ibanez Valdes Lourdes de Fatima , Dubula Thozama , Foyaca-Sibat Humberto
Published: January 2021

We present a 41-year-old HIV-positive female patient complaining of complete right palpebral ptosis, diplopia, and inability to balance herself. On examination, the right eye was able to move laterally and downwards. The motor exam showed left hemiparesis (4/5) on upper and lower limbs, bilateral Babinski sign with left hemiataxia without the sensory disorder.

CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging angiography demonstrated an ischemic infarct on the right paramedian branch of the posterior cerebral artery territory. 

This patient did not present clinical manifestations of the thalamic lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a young patient presenting a unilateral thalamomesencephalic ischemic stroke secondary to HIV vasculitis with bilateral Babinski signs and without thalamic signs in the medical literature.
Leo Tolstoy and his contemporaries
Authors: Masolova Elena , Popova Elena , Mihnovec Mariya , Sato Yusuke , Aseeva Svetlana , Zagorodneva Ekaterina , Lucheneckaya-Burdina Irina , Chursina Lyudmila , Romanova Galina , Babaeva Nadezhda , Erohin Aleksandr , Oteva Kseniya , Prokopchuk Yuriy , Kocheshkova Lyubov' , Antonova Elena , Alpatova Tat'yana , Alferova Ol'ga , Chernec Liliya , Senina Nataliya , Mazur Tat'yana , Koroleva Anna
Published: January 2021

The 4th issue of the encyclopedia includes about 600 articles written by tolstoy scholars, literary historians, museum workers, art historians, and lawyers. The publication is addressed to school and university teachers of literature, graduate students, students of philology and anyone interested in the life and work of Leo Tolstoy.
Introduction to the axiomatic theory of elementary functions
Authors: Shishkin Andrey
Published: January 2021

Contains an exposition of the basic concepts and theorems of the axiomatic theory of the basic elementary functions of real and complex variables. The textbook is written on the basis of lectures given by the author for a number of years at the Armavir State Pedagogical University, at the Slavyansk-on-Kuban State Pedagogical Institute and at the branch of the Kuban State University in Slavyansk-on-Kuban. It is intended for students of natural-mathematical profiles of preparation of the direction "Pedagogical education". It can be used in the study of mathematical analysis, the theory of functions of a real variable, the theory of functions of a complex variable, etc.
Modern ethics
Authors: Kanke Viktor
Published: January 2021

The textbook analyzes the status of modern ethics, its liberation from metaphysical layers. From these positions, the place of ethics in the system of modern scientific knowledge is consistently considered. It is interpreted as a result of the development of axiological sciences. Great importance is attached to the latest ethical concepts and their philosophical foundations. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying within the group of bachelor's degree courses 47.03.00 "Philosophy, Ethics and Religious studies". It is also of interest to everyone, including students, postgraduates, philosophers, scientists, and a wide range of readers who are interested in the latest achievements of modern science, including philosophy.
Tie Decay and Dissolution: Contentious Prescribing Practices in the Prescription Drug Epidemic
Authors: Zhang Victoria (Shu) , King Marissa D.
Published: January 2021

Although a substantial body of work has investigated drivers of tie formation, there is growing interest in understanding why relationships decay or dissolve altogether. The networks literature has tended to conceptualize tie decay as driven by processes similar to those underlying tie formation. Yet information that is revealed through ongoing interactions can exert different effects on tie formation and tie decay. This paper investigates how tie decay and tie formation processes differ by focusing on contentious practices. To the extent that information about dissimilarities in contentious practices is learned through ongoing interactions, it can exert diverging effects on tie formation and tie decay. Using a longitudinal data set of 141,543 physician dyads, we find that differences in contentious prescribing led ties to weaken or dissolve altogether but did not affect tie formation. The more contentious the practice and the more information available about the practice, the stronger the effect on tie decay and dissolution. Collectively, these findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of relationship evolution as an unfolding process through which deeper-level differences are revealed and shape the outcome of the tie.
Prognostic Ways of Correspondence Pedagogical Education Development in Ukraine (on the Basis of Historical and Pedagogical Experience)
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kovpak Olena
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the problem of determining the prognostic possibilities of the distance pedagogical education development in Ukraine on the basis of the positive domestic historical and pedagogical experience of 1950-1980. It was found that it would be useful to refer to the practice of training and counseling centers, an analogue of which today can be systematized application of distance learning elements. It is emphasized that the past experience of organizing admission on the basis of a differentiated approach to correspondence students, in accordance with their age, professional and social status, deserves attention. The expediency of returning the practice of periodic writing of dictations and tests in the Ukrainian language is indicated. It is noted in the article that the experience of differentiated and individual approaches to the organization of practice and effective cooperation between educational institutions, education authorities and schools in improving the efficiency of the educational process, employment of graduates, the formation of the state order is suitable for the usage. At the same time, politicization and ideologization of the educational process are inadmissible.
Аnalysis of the Problem of Low Effectiveness of Distance Education in the Field of Physical Education of Higher Education Students During the COVID-19 Quarantine
Authors:   State Higher Educational Establishment ", Globa Halyna ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University", Didenko Maksym ,   State Higher Educational Establishment "Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: January 2021

The abrupt transition to online education in 2020 was not successful in the field of physical education due to unsatisfactory conditions of private premises for specialized sports (such as swimming, etc.), ban for practical classes without the supervision of a specialist due to safety rules, lack of sports equipment in private apartments, lack of provision of Ukrainian families with computers and telephones of the new generation or in sufficient quantities, lack of Internet access in 35% of families, inability to use sports facilities even for teachers for shooting video lessons, and etc. The article analyzes the results of the introduction of online education in the field of physical education of students of universities of Ukraine on the example of Donbas State Pedagogical University in sports and pedagogical disciplines and offers recommendations for compensation of these problems: state planning and support (economically, legislatively, and at the level of educational services), organization of conferences for analysis of scientifically sound proportions of hybrid education for each of sports and pedagogical disciplines, development of curricula and media platforms with multimedia recordings, and formation of state standard databases of each discipline.
Formation оf Creative Pedagogical Аctivity оf Students іn Extracurricular Activities
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Dоmina Viktoriia , Tsybulko Ludmyla ,   State Higher Educational Establishment "Donbas State Pedagogical University", Bondarenko Anna ,   State Higher Educational Establishment "Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: January 2021

The formation of creative personality is of particular importance in the context of socio-economic transformations in the modern world. At the same time, the strategic task of reforming education in Ukraine is the comprehensive development of the individual, the disclosure and realization of his creative and spiritual potential in various activities. Contemporary socio-cultural trends necessitate the development of a child's creative potential. Developing their abilities during training, the child retains the creative nature of attitude to any business that is absolutely necessary in society. That is why the future teacher should create favorable conditions for the development of creative abilities of each student, as well as – strive for continuous self-improvement. In the process of vocational training, the student should be ready to develop creative professional abilities. Thus, creative pedagogical activity is a manifestation of a person's quality, which is reflected in his quality of work, his activity. Due to the change of potential and real quality, there is an increase in the quality of a person, his professionalism, skill. In the proposed article the author proves the necessity of forming creative pedagogical activity in a new generation of future teachers. The relation between the terms «pedagogical skill» and «creative pedagogical activity» has been clarified. The basic scientific approaches to formation of creative pedagogical activity of the future teacher are investigated. Theoretical foundations of the study of the phenomenon of creative pedagogical activity, which reveal its essence as the tops of professional skill of the teacher, are considered. The importance of the teacher's creative pedagogical activity in the modern educational process is determined.
Meaningful Description of Target Component of the System of Social and Pedagogical Work on Prevention of Social Orphanhood in the Territorial Community of City
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kalchenko Larysa
Published: January 2021

The article presents meaningful description of target component of system of socio-pedagogical work on prevention of social orphanhood in the territorial community of city which includes purpose, objectives and results of socio-pedagogical work on prevention of social orphanhood in TCC. The goal hierarchy of the state system of social work with family, children and youth in the direction of prevention of social orphanhood in Ukraine is defined; and the strategic social purpose of preventive work with family, children and youth on reduction of risks of social orphanhood, the purpose of social and pedagogical work on the prevention of social orphanhood in the territorial community of city in broad and narrow meanings, as well as the result of socio-pedagogical work on prevention of social orphanhood in TCC are detected. The conceptual content of target construct of prevention of social orphanhood in TCC is revealed which includes the concept: «urban community of social and pedagogical orientation, friendly to children and families» – «healthy family – safe family environment – responsible parenting» – «child welfare». The author notes that the ultimate goal of socio-pedagogical work on prevention of social orphanhood in the territorial community of city is strengthening of family and creation of favorable conditions for upbringing and development of a child in safe family environment, activating resources of both the city community, ensuring the best interests of a child through forming of conscious attitude to parenthood, and responsible attitude of parents to performance of their roles, responsibilities, parental functions in young people.
Events in Ukraine in 2014-2020 Through the Eyes of Young People from the Temporarily Occupied Territory
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kurylo Nataliia
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of a diagnostic study on the views of young people from the temporarily occupied territories and the "gray zone" on the events taking place in Ukraine in 2014-2020. Ukraine: Ukraine as a state, Ukrainian education, opportunities to obtain a Ukrainian diploma, live in Ukraine, access and trust in the Ukrainian media, ways to end the conflict in eastern Ukraine, granting autonomous status to Luhansk and Donetsk regions, etc. The study compares the responses of residents of the occupied territory and the "gray zone", compares the results of 2020 with the data obtained in last year's study. It is concluded that despite the loss of consciousness as a result of the information war and aggressive propaganda, some young people from the temporarily occupied territories are trying to find answers and understand the difficult situation in eastern Ukraine. therefore, they choose Ukrainian education as a basis for freedom of choice of future, personal and professional development in the open European space.
Personal Socialization as a Subject of Psychological, Pedagogical and Sociological Research
Authors:   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kovalenko Viktoriia
Published: January 2021

The article deals the problem of personality socialization in philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical research. In philosophical context, the process of socialization means the development of a personality in the phylogenetic and ontogenetic terms, which determines the role of this process in the development of not only an individual, but society as a whole; socialization involves active interaction between the individual and society. In a sociological context, socialization is seen as the acceptance of social norms, rules, and models of behavior in the context of culture, highlighting the active or passive role of the person himself in this process. In the psychological context, socialization theories reveal the specifics of the development of various aspects of personality. Socialization is viewed as the development of individual properties and qualities of a person in the process of interaction with the environment. On the basis of social experience is the internal position of the individual, her individuality, which indicates her active position in the process of socialization. In pedagogical research, socialization is investigated in the aspect of the upbringing process. Socialization is viewed as a controlled and purposeful process of forming in a student the values, norms, attitudes, patterns of behavior inherent in a given society, which will allow the student to perform the most important function of the student's transition from the object of training and education to the subject of social development, and in the future - to an active subject of self-education and self-development.
Features of Providing Social Services to Children and Adolescents in the Community
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Yurkiv Yaroslava
Published: January 2021

The article examines the current state of the process of providing social services to vulnerable groups (children and adolescents), which are provided in a united territorial community. The normative and legal support of the community functioning as a local self-government body is analyzed. The definition of the term «community» is given, the meaning of the term «social work in the community» is revealed, the main functional directions of social work in the community are outlined, the concept of «difficult life circumstances» is briefly considered as a key indicator of community social services. Listed, without filling the content, the types of social services that can be obtained in the community (social support of the client, registration in the «emergency department», organization of leisure, assistance in placement in educational and medical institutions, assistance in organizing training, applications, letters , other documents to the relevant bodies and organizations, forming a package of documents, advising parents on the equipment of premises with free access for children with special needs, assistance in obtaining referrals to specialized health care facilities, sanatorium treatment, inpatient social care institutions; identification of sources and causes of social maladaptation of children, psychological correction of conflicting relationships between parents and children, psychological and pedagogical assistance to children to relieve stress caused by difficult life situations). The purpose of further research is outlined.
Gastrointestinal disorders in COVID-19 patients: a great imitator
Authors: Syam Ari Fahrial
Published: January 2021

Up to this point, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still ongoing. Some studies with a large number of cases have reported its clinical manifestations, concluding that the disease is a great imitator. Patients may present with symptoms other than the main symptoms of respiratory tract infections, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting, which may sometimes cause a delayed treatment in managing COVID-19 patients. Reports of various hospitals have also demonstrated gastrointestinal complaints as a clinical manifestation in those patients. The patients may come with gastrointestinal symptoms as their early clinical manifestation, or the gastrointestinal symptoms may be found in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which indeed can be explained since the SARS-CoV-2, an etiologic agent of COVID-19 infection, can obviously be found along the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, the virus can be found in fecal and anal, and therefore, rectal swabs can be used as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 infection.
Taxonomic revision of Hopliancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) with redescription of Hopliancistrus tricornis and description of four new species
Authors: de Oliveira Renildo Ribeiro , Zuanon Jansen , Py-Daniel Lucia H. Rapp , Birindelli José L. O. , Sousa Leandro M.
Published: January 2021

Hopliancistrus is an Ancistrini genus diagnosed by having few and very strong cheek odontodes on interopercular area, and a patch of strong and stiff odontodes on the antero-lateral border of the snout. The type species is herein redescribed based on types and recently collected specimens. In addition, four new congeneric species are described based on specimens collected in other parts of the Rio Xingu and Rio Tapajós basins. Hopliancistrus tricornis is distributed in the lower Rio Tapajós and is diagnosed by the possession of four branched anal-fin rays and relatively large white to yellow spots on trunk and pectoral and pelvic fins, and dark brown spots on dorsal, caudal and anal fins. Hopliancistrus munduruku is described based on specimens from Rio Jamanxim (Rio Tapajós basin) and Rio Curuá (Rio Xingu basin) and is diagnosed by the possession of five branched anal-fin rays and large yellow blotches on trunk and dark brown to black spots over the fins. Hopliancistrus wolverine is distributed in the rapids of the lower and middle Rio Xingu and is diagnosed by the possession of five branched anal-fin rays and conspicuous small yellow dots on head, trunk and fins. Hopliancistrus xikrin is distributed in medium- to small-sized tributaries of the lower portion of Rio Xingu basin, and is diagnosed by absence of contact between the transverse process of the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore and the transverse process of the second pterygiophore. Hopliancistrus xavante is distributed in the tributaries of upper Rio Xingu basin, and is diagnosed by having a thick skin covering the nuchal plate; by having large white spots on trunk and fins; and by the possession of five branched anal-fin rays. An osteological description and a key for species identification are also provided.
Negativity, conflict and resistance: The Portuguese revolutionary process (1974–75) and its international mediations – Spanish newspapers and the Inter Press Service
Authors: Luís Rita
Published: January 2021

By considering the Portuguese revolutionary process of 1974–75 as a mediatic event, this article addresses aspects of the internal logic of information flow in the western context, heavily influenced and mediated by the frame of the Cold War. Initiated by a military coup, intended to put an end to 48 years of an authoritarian regime and thirteen years of colonial wars, the revolutionary process lasted about nineteen months and brought about such a change in the country’s social, political and economic structures that the constitution approved in 1976, included the goal of ensuring a transition to socialism. Meanwhile the hegemonic power of the main news agencies was the object of an international debate, with the UNESCO-sponsored MacBride Report (1980) offering proposals for the rebalancing of information. Focusing on this process as a mediatic event highlights the power of news agencies, influential even in contexts of informative restriction (as in the Spanish case) and responsible, to a large extent, for the dominant negativity of the event’s portrayal. This was the origin of increasing tensions between revolutionary political subjects and foreign correspondents, and also of the activation of forms of resistance, such as the agency Inter Press Service (IPS), whose aim to counter the dominant logic inscribes it in the North–South dialogue.
The Portuguese press at the service of revolutionary language: A case study of Diário de Notícias and Esquerda Socialista (1974–75)
Authors: Gomes Marco
Published: January 2021

In the immediate post-25 April scenario, the Portuguese media adopted revolutionary language as the foundation of a journalism oriented towards political-ideological combat and social criticism. This hegemonic discourse derived from a reality characterized by daily changes and conflicts, became itself an instrument of political and social change. The primary goal of this work is to carry out a discourse and content analysis having as objects of study an informative newspaper and another of a propagandistic nature in the biennium 1974–75, based on a sample of words gathered from headlines within these publications. The studied media are the informative Diário de Notícias and the doctrinal weekly Esquerda Socialista. In the context of the transition to democracy in Portugal, we conclude that informative and doctrinal journalism merged within a single body guided by the commitment of journalists to the revolutionary cause.
Emotions, Protest, Democracy. Collective Identities in Contemporary Spain, Emmy Eklundh (2019)
Authors: Blakeley Georgina
Published: January 2021

Review of: Emotions, Protest, Democracy. Collective Identities in Contemporary Spain, Emmy Eklundh (2019)

New York: Routledge, 250 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-815-38363-5 (h/bk), 978-1-351-20571-9 (eBook), £120.00/£40.49
Barcelona, the Left and the Independence Movement in Catalonia, Richard Gillespie (2019)
Authors: Dowling Andrew
Published: January 2021

Review of: Barcelona, the Left and the Independence Movement in Catalonia, Richard Gillespie (2019)

Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge, 129 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-857-43962-5 (h/bk), 978-1-351-04687-9 (ebook), £45/£15