bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Working conditions and occupational pathology of Kola Polar miners
Authors: Syurin S. A. , Gorbanev S. A.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Despite the improvement of mining technologies and personal protective equipment for employees, working conditions in the mining industry create an increased risk of occupational diseases.

The aim of the studyis to compare the working conditions and features of professional pathology of miners in the production of iron, apatite and copper — nickel ore in the Kola Polar region.

Materials and methods. The data of social and hygienic monitoring on the section “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of the Murmansk region in 2007–2017 were studied.

Results. It was found that in 2007–2017, there was no significant improvement in the working conditions of the studied groups of employees of mining enterprises. The structure of professional pathology of miners was still dominated by vibration disease (37.0%), radiculopathy (23.8%), mono-polyneuropathy (15.5%), sensorineural hearing loss (15.5%), and among the etiologically significant harmful industrial factors — the severity of labor (54.1%), general vibration (23.8%) and noise (13.1%). During the observation period, occupational morbidity in the mining of iron and copper-nickel ore decreased significantly, while in the mining of apatite ore it tended to increase. There is no causal relationship between changes in working conditions and the level of occupational morbidity of miners.

Conclusions.It is necessary to improve the quality of hygienic and clinical research when conducting a special assessment of working conditions and periodic medical examinations to obtain an objective assessment of occupational health risks for miners in the Kola Polar region.
Assessment of the volume activity of α-radioactive wastes on surface and specific contamination by portable γ-spectrometry method
Authors: Korenkov I. P. , Ermakov A. I. , Mayzik A. B. , Laschenova T. N. , Klochkov V. N. , Bushmanov A. Yu.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study is to evaluate the volume activity of radioactive waste (RW) by surface and specific alpha contamination using portable gamma-spectrometry.

Materials and methods. Methods of rapid assessment of the content of α-emitting radionuclides in solid waste of various morphologies using gamma-spectrometers based on germanium detectors are considered. Computational methods for determining the effectiveness of radionuclide registration are presented.

Results. The possibility of using portable gamma-ray spectrometry to assess the surface and specific activity of various materials contaminated with α-emitters (232Th, 235U, 238U, 237Np, 239Pu, 240Pu and 241Am) is shown. The calculated values of the registration efficiency of low-energy gamma-emitters obtained by modeling the spatial-energy parameters of the detector are given.To simplify the solution of this problem, the calculation program used 20 standard templates of various geometries (rectangular, cylindrical, conical, spherical, etc.). The main sources of error in the survey of contaminated surfaces, largesized equipment and building structures were investigated.

Conclusions. The possibilities of portable γ-spectrometry for estimating the volume of RW based on the surface density of contamination of materials with radionuclides of uranium and transuranic elements are investigated. When using γ-spectrometer with a high-purity germanium detector with a range of γ-quanta extended in the low-energy region, radionuclides such as 232Th, 235U,238U, 237Np, 241Am were determined by their own radiation or by the radiation of their daughter products.The “problem” element is plutonium, for rapid evaluation of which it is proposed, in accordance with the radionuclide vector methodology, to use 241Am, which accumulates during the β-decay of 241Pu.According to calculations, the most likely value of the activity ratio 239Pu/241Am for the object where the work was performed (scaling factor) varies in the range from 5.0 to 9.0.Based on the results of calculations and experimental studies, the parameters of the efficiency of registration of various α-emitting radionuclides by portable γ-spectrometers. It has been found that for germanium detectors with an absolute efficiency of registering a point source of 7÷15%, it is n×10–5÷n×10–4%.
Assessment of professional ability to work in occupational diseases of the peripheral nervous system
Authors: Berg A. V.
Published: August 2020

According to Rosstat forecasts for the period up to 2026, in the next 15–20 years, the population will decrease due to a decrease in the number of people of working age due to a low birth rate, a high death rate of the working-age population, an increase in morbidity and disability. One of the most common diseases among employees is the peripheral nervous system, which is detected in 32.3–58.0% of the surveyed employees of industrial enterprises. They make up 55.7–66.0% of the total occupational morbidity.The purpose of the study is to assess the degree of professional disability in occupational diseases of the peripheral nervous system. The analysis of occupational diseases of the peripheral nervous system for the years 2015–2017, its structure on the materials of the Occupational Medicine Centre of the Republic and the results of their primary medical and social examination (MSE) according to the acts of examination the national Bureau of MSE to assess the occupational disability in occupational diseases of the peripheral nervous system.It was found that in 2015–2017, the average level of occupational morbidity due to diseases of the peripheral nervous system was 0.54 per 10 thousand working population of the Republic. The most frequent are sciatica of the lumbosacral level–0.29 o / o, which occupy more than half (53.4%) of the total occupational morbidity due to diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Occupational diseases of the peripheral nervous system were detected in the machine-building, metallurgical, mining, agricultural, oil-producing and construction sectors of the economy. Almost all (93.9 per cent) who applied to Bureau of MSE was installed, the percentage of occupational disability for a period of one year. The vast majority (73.2%) of those who applied to the MSE office found 30% loss of professional ability to work. In the year of establishment of an occupational disease, 65.0% of professional patients are referred to the Bureau of medical and social expertise (MSE). They continue to work at their previous workplace and are exposed to the same harmful and dangerous working conditions.Effective prevention of occupational diseases and labor losses from them requires building an integrated system that combines primary, secondary and tertiary measures (rehabilitation by individual program) of prevention with the development of clear measures of responsibility for all those interested in a healthy employee.
Assessment of the predictive capability of the biometric video analytics complex for improving the professional psychophysiological selection of candidates for military educational institutions
Authors: Dmitriev P. I. , Chermyanin S. V. , Roznova I. A.
Published: August 2020

At the present stage of development of labor physiology, the issues of scientific substantiation of research methods for the professional suitability of candidates for military specialties and their new instrumentation remain relevant in connection with the increasing requirements of the profession to the psychophysiological capabilities and qualities of employees.

The aim of study is to assess the predictive ability of the biometric video analytics system (for example, the “MIX-GT–19” complex) to determine the professional fitness of military personnel.

The method of videoculographic recording of responses was used to examine young men aged 17–20 years, classified in different categories of professional aptitude, when answering questions from two types of express questionnaires (adaptation and deviant behavior).

A classification of modern systems of biometric video analytics is proposed. The principles of their operation and functionality are described. The prognostic ability of the MIX-GT–19 complex was evaluated by identifying the correlation of its operation with the MLO “Adaptability” method of operation. The results of research conducted using the “MIX-GT–19” complex are presented. The prospects for its further development and application are described.

The physiological efficiency of using hardware and software complex (HSC) based on eye-tracker technology for the purposes of professional selection by studying psychophysiological and behavioral responses is established.
COVID-19 Pandemisinde Çocuklar ve Pediatri Hemşiresinin Rolleri
Authors: Pars Hatice
Published: August 2020

Yeni bir tür koronavirüs olan SARS-CoV-2 ilk olarak Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan kentinde bildirilmiş, hızla tüm dünyaya yayılmış ve 11 Mart 2020 tarihi itibari ile Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. 22 Mayıs 2020 itibari ile 4.993.470 kişinin enfekte olduğu COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna bağlı mortalite %6.6 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mevcut verilere göre teşhis edilen COVID-19 vakalarının yaklaşık %1 ile %5'ini çocuklar oluşturmaktadır. Çocuklarda enfeksiyonun klinik özellikleri daha çok asemptomatik olarak seyretmektedir. Erişkinlere göre ciddi klinik seyir daha az görülmekle birlikte, 1 yaş altı grupta ve altta yatan hastalığı bulunan çocuklarda ciddi hastalık görülme riski daha fazladır. Damlacık ve temas yolu ile bulaşmanın yanında, yapılan çalışmalar COVID-19’un dışkı sonuçlarında nazofarengeal testlerden daha uzun süre pozitif kaldığını göstermektedir. Pediatrik hastalarda COVID-19'un epidemiyolojik ve klinik tablosu ve tedavi yaklaşımları, pek çok rapor yayınlanmasına rağmen halen belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Pandemi sırasında çocuk sağlığının korunması ve geliştirilmesinde ve COVID-19 çocuk olgularda tedavi ve bakım sürecinde pediatri hemşirelerinin önemli görevleri bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, COVID-19 çocuk olgularda epidemiyoloji, klinik özellikler, tanı ve tedavi süreci ve pandemi sırasında pediatri hemşiresinin rollerini ortaya koymaktır.
Factors influencing knowledge levels among hypertensive patients receiving treatment at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Nyantakyi Richardson Adjei , Perditer Okyere  , Edward Appiah Boateng  , Isaac Okyere  , Francis Adjei Osei  , Samuel Frimpong Odoom  , Frank Micah  , Joseph Attakorah
Published: August 2020

Background

Basic knowledge about hypertension and its treatment can have a positive impact on high blood pressure control reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge levels and to determine the factors that influenced knowledge levels among hypertensive patients receiving treatment at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient hypertensive clinic of KATH between April and May 2019. Three hundred and ninety-seven (397) hypertensive patients aged 18 years and above who had been diagnosed with hypertension for at least six months and currently taking at least one antihypertensive drug completed a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of basic socio-demographic profile, patient-related information on hypertension and its treatment and knowledge on hypertension. The Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-L) was used to determine the level of knowledge among patients receiving treatment at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi.

Results

Out of the 397 patients, 199 (50.1%) had high knowledge level on hypertension and its treatment. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted for hypertension knowledge level. Respondents with a junior level of education, paid for their antihypertensive drugs by themselves, had asthma as a comorbidity and took non-prescribed drugs had a significant association with knowledge level on hypertension and its treatment.

Conclusion

Knowledge about hypertension in hypertensive patients is moderate and therefore much effort should be made in educating and involving them in the condition to help them gain control over the disease and improve adherence rates.
Autophagin-3 (ATG4C) is differentially expressed in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s Disease.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2020

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to identify genes whose expression was most different in the substantial nigra of patients with PD as compared to that of non-affected patients. We identified significant changes in expression of the gene encoding autophagin-3 (ATG4C) in the substantia nigra of patients with PD.
The Point of Assertion is to Transmit Knowledge
Authors: Turri John
Published: August 2020

Recent work in philosophy and cognitive science shows that knowledge is the norm of our social practice of assertion, in the sense that an assertion should express knowledge. But why should an assertion express knowledge? I hypothesize that an assertion should express knowledge because the point of assertion is to transmit knowledge. I present evidence supporting this hypothesis.
Makalah Desimal
Authors: NOPIANTI
Published: August 2020

Kesimpulan Dari uraian makalah diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pecahan desimal adalah pecahan yang berpenyebut kelipatan dari 10 (10 ,100, 1.000, dan seterusnya) 1/10,1/100 , 1/1000, 1/10000,dan seterusnya. Dalam pembelajaran pecahan desimal ternyata masih ada anak yang belum memahami tentang nilai tempat. Dan ada pula anak yang kurang teliti dalam mengoperasikan pecahan desimal. Hal ini dapat diminimalisasikan dengan peran guru untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami pengoperasian pecahan desimal.
ANALISIS ALIRAN DI BELOKAN SALURAN (STUDI MODEL FISIK DAN MATEMATIK UNTUK MENJELASKAN FENOMENA GERUSAN DI SUNGAI PALU)
Authors: Ishak M. Galib
Published: August 2020

Local scoruring phenomena in river bend, generally affected from secondary and centrifugal flow. The chracteristic of flow surrounding the curve created eddies wich is showed inconsistency of flow model. The effect of those flow are the differentiation of water level at closed out of divert channel. The numerical model and laboratory modeling was conducted in all research aspect. Some model used to calibrate the laboratory work and it compared with numerical model. The result of the research showed the cross section deformation. The transverse duct deformed market as the water level rise in turning canal and it is indicated from Froude number variation. The increased of surface leval around the river bend was correlated to velocity. And The consequences of surface rise and flow accumulation at stream curve is river bank erosion.
Kvasir-Capsule, a video capsule endoscopy dataset
Authors: Smedsrud Pia H , Gjestang Henrik L. , Nedrejord Oda O. , Næss Espen , Thambawita Vajira , Hicks Steven , Borgli Hanna , Jha Debesh , Berstad Tor Jan Derek , Eskeland Sigrun L. , Lux Mathias , Espeland Håvard , Petlund Andreas , Dang-Nguyen Duc-Tien , Garcia-Ceja Enrique , Johansen Dag , Schmidt Peter T. , Hammer Hugo L. , de Lange Thomas , Riegler Michael , Halvorsen Pål
Published: August 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) is predicted to have profound effects on the future of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) technology.The potential lies in improving anomaly detection while reducing manual labour. However, medical data is often sparse andunavailable to the research community, and qualified medical personnel rarely have time for the tedious labelling work. In this respect, we present Kvasir-Capsule, a large VCE dataset collected from examinations at Hospitals in Norway. Kvasir-Capsule consists of 118 videos which can be used to extract a total of 4;820;739 image frames. We have labelled and medically verified 44;228 frames with a bounding box around detected anomalies from13different classes of findings. In addition to these labelled images, there are 4;776;479 unlabelled frames included in the dataset. Initial work demonstrates the potential benefits ofAI-based computer-assisted diagnosis systems for VCE. However, they also show that there is great potential for improvements,and theKvasir-Capsuledataset can play a valuable role in developing better algorithms in order for VCE technology to reachits true potential.
Model Pembelajaran Blended Learning Dan Google Classroom Dalam Mengefektifkan Proses Belajar Mengajar Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Agustin Daniel
Published: August 2020

Model pembelajaran blended learning dan google classroom dalam mengefektifkan proses belajarmengajar di era revolusi Industri 4.0, adalah hal yang baru bagi sebagian pelaku pendidikan. Olehkarena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran blended learning dangoogle classroom dalam mengefektifkan proses belajar mengajar di era revolusi industri 4.0.Kombinasi antara pembelajaran tatap muka dengan pembelajaran e-learning (online) memudahkanterjadinya interaksi belajar antara guru dan siswa atau antar siswa. Akses informasi dan materipelajaran dapat dilakukan kapanpun dan dimanapun. Google classroom adalah LearningManagement System (LMS) yaitu sistem pengelolaan kelas secara virtual yang integratif dan lebihpraktis dibandingkan sistem pembelajaran konvensional, sehingga sangat membantu meringankanpekerjaan guru dalam melakukan pengelolaan kelas, seperti memberikan pengumuman, tugas,berkomunikasi, dan mengevaluasi, sehingga dapat menghemat waktu dan kertas karena semuanyadibuat pada aplikasi satu tempat. Model Pembelajaran blended learning dan google classroomsangat memungkinkan dalam mengefektifkan proses belajar mengajar di era revolusi industri 4.0.
Meningkatkan Hasil belajar Matematika Melalui Model Pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya Setting Kooperatif pada Siswa Kelas 〖VIII〗_3 SMP Negeri 3 Duampanua Kabupaten Pinrang
Authors: ishak
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar matematika melalui model pembelajaran tutor sebaya setting kooperatif pada siswa kelas 〖VIII〗_3 SMP Negeri 3 Duampanua Kabupaten Pinrang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research). Proses penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu: (1) perencanaan tindakan, (2) pelaksanaan tindakan, (3) observasi dan evaluasi dan (4) analisis dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 〖VIII〗_3 SMP Negeri 3 Duampanua Kabupaten Pinrang pada tahun ajaran 2017/2018 dengan jumlah siswa 20 orang, yang terdiri dari 10 orang siswa laki-laki dan 10 orang siswa perempuan. Obyek penelitian pada penelitian tindakan ini adalah berbagai kegiatan yang terjadi didalam kelas selama berlangsungnya proses pembelajaran. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik tes untuk memperoleh data mengenai hasil belajar siswa dan teknik observasi untuk memperoleh data mengenai aktivitas siswa.Analisis data tes hasil belajar matematika dengan penerapan model pembelajaran tutor sebaya setting koopeartif pada sisklus I, diperoleh ketuntasan individual dari 20 siswa yaitu 14 siswa tuntas dan 6 siswa tidak tuntas, dengan rata-rata ketuntasan secara klasikal 70%. Sedangkan tes hasil belajar matematika dengan penerapan model pembelajaran tutor sebaya setting koopeartif pada siklus II diperoleh ketuntasan individual 18 siswa tuntas dan 2 siswa tidak tuntas, rata-rata ketuntasan secara klasikal mencapai 90%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data tersebut, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran tutor sebaya setting koopeartif dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas 〖VIII〗_3 SMP Negeri 3 Duampanua Kabupaten Pinrang
Membangun Kesadaran Apokaliptik melalui Sastra di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Makmur Zulkifli
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini membahas kesadaran apokaliptik melalu sastra. Karya sastra yang digunakan untuk mengulik kesadaran tersebut adalah novel Inferno karya Dan Brown. Penulis menemukan bahwa melalui narasi dramatik tentang fakta-fakta sains di dalam novel Inferno dapat memberikan catatan alternatif dalam mengedukasi masyarakat mengenai bahaya virus COVID 19.
Is the time spent on smartphones associated with an increased risk of high blood pressure? A Review
Authors: Delgado-Ron Jorge Andres
Published: August 2020

Smartphone use is associated with poor sleep quality, rumination, anxiety, sedentarism, forward posture, and social isolation. In turn, these health outcomes had also been linked to either increased or decreased levels of blood pressure. We aimed to review the extant literature that studied the acute and chronic effects of smartphone use on blood pressure to determine whether a direct link has found either a positive or negative correlation between smartphone use and hypertension. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), OpenGrey.eu, and reference lists of included studies. We also used Google Scholar for article chasing. Because this is the first review that we are aware of, our search included any study design. We found five studies: four cross-sectional in adolescents (12-18 years) and a case-crossover study in university students (18-30 years). None of the studies reported the exposure as a protective factor for hypertension, two of them reported no difference between compared groups, and three reported higher levels of blood pressure associated with increased smartphone use. The pooled evidence is generally of low‐quality and not able to adequately answer the question as to what the effect of smartphone use in blood pressure is. Good‐quality trials addressing this question are needed.
On the arithmetic of automated theorem proving
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: August 2020

We propose a model to assign prime numbers to axioms and theorems, then by comparing equivalent numbers, it results in new equivalent theorems.
Program Evaluation of a Community Organization Offering Supported Employment Services for Adults with Autism
Authors: Martin Valérie , Lanovaz Marc J
Published: August 2020

Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an employment rate well below the general population. One potential solution to address this issue is the implementation of supported employment services. The purpose of our study was to evaluate a Canadian community supported employment program designed for individuals with ASD without an intellectual disability. Method: Thirty-seven individuals with ASD, who were receiving services from a local community agency (Action main-d’oeuvre) providing supported employment services, participated in the study. The research team monitored the characteristics of the participants, the number of hours of services provided, and outcome measures related to employment. We then conducted descriptive analyses, t-tests, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests to compare anxiety about work and self-efficacy before services and after outcomes of the program. Results: Despite high levels of comorbid mental health issues, our results indicated that 62.1% of individuals obtained paid employment within 12 months. Furthermore, participants with post-secondary education found jobs related to their degree or requiring specialized skills. Participants felt less anxious and more self-efficacious towards employment. Maintaining employment was a greater challenge and continuing support may be required. Conclusions: The study suggests that the employment services may have supported the participants in finding a job. However, collaboration is essential to address mental health issues in job seekers with ASD, which appeared to hinder job search and maintenance.
Pick the smaller number: No influence of linguistic markedness on three-digit number processing
Authors: Bahnmueller Julia , Cipora Krzysztof , Goebel Silke Melanie , Nuerk Hans-Christoph , Soltanlou Mojtaba
Published: August 2020

The symbolic number comparison task has been widely used to investigate the cognitive representation and underlying processes of multi-digit number processing. The standard procedure to establish numerical distance and compatibility effects in such number comparison paradigms usually entails asking participants to indicate the larger of two presented multi-digit Arabic numbers rather than to indicate the smaller number. In terms of linguistic markedness, this procedure includes the unmarked/base form in the task instruction (i.e., large). Here we evaluate distance and compatibility effects in a three-digit number comparison task observed in Bahnmueller et al. (2015) using a marked task instruction (i.e., ‘pick the smaller number’). Moreover, we aimed at clarifying whether the markedness of task instruction influences common numerical effects and especially componential processing as indexed by compatibility effects. We instructed German- and English-speaking adults (N=52) to indicate the smaller number in a three-digit number comparison task as opposed to indicating the larger number in Bahnmueller et al. (2015). We replicated standard effects of distance and compatibility in the new pick the smaller number experiment. Moreover, when comparing our findings to Bahnmueller et al. (2015), numerical effects did not differ significantly between the two studies as indicated by both frequentist and Bayesian analysis. Taken together our data suggest that distance and compatibility effects alongside componential processing of multi-digit numbers are rather robust against variations of linguistic markedness of task instructions.
Introducing Point-of-Interest as an alternative to Area-of-Interest for fixation duration analysis
Authors: Rim Nak Won , Choe Kyoung Whan , Scrivner Coltan , Berman Marc
Published: August 2020

Many eye-tracking data analyses rely on the Area-of-Interest (AOI) methodology, which utilizes AOIs to analyze metrics such as fixations. However, AOI-based methods have some inherent limitations including variability and subjectivity in shape, size, and location of AOIs. In this article, we propose an alternative approach to the traditional AOI dwell time analysis: Weighted Sum Durations (WSD). This approach decreases the subjectivity of AOI definitions by using Points-of-Interest (POI) while maintaining interpretability. In WSD, the durations of fixations toward each POI is weighted by the distance from the POI and summed together to generate a metric comparable to AOI dwell time. To validate WSD, we reanalyzed data from a previously published eye-tracking study (n=90). The re-analysis replicated the original findings that people gaze less towards faces and more toward points of contact when viewing violent social interactions.
Application of sentence-level text analysis: The role of emotion in an experimental learning intervention
Authors: Li Manyu
Published: August 2020

This registered study aimed at testing the role of emotion in the intervention effect of anexperimental intervention study in academic settings. Previous analyses of the National Study ofthe Learning Mindset (Yeager et al., 2019) showed that in a randomized controlled trial, highschool students who were given the growth mindset intervention had, on average higher GPAthan did students in the control condition. Previous analyses also showed that schoolachievement levels moderated the intervention effect. This study applied a sentence-level textanalysis strategy to detect participants’ attentional focus in five emotional dimensions (valence,arousal, dominance/control, approach-avoidant, and uncertainty) across three writing promptsstudents wrote during the intervention. Linear mixed models were conducted to test if emotionaldimension scores computed using the text analysis predicted a higher intervention effect (i.e.,higher post-intervention GPA given pre-intervention GPA). The moderating role of schoolachievement levels was also examined. The results of this study have implications on thepossibility of applying text analysis strategies on open-ended questions in interventions orexperimental studies to examine the role of the emotion-attentional focus of participants duringintervention or experimental studies on the intervention or experimental outcomes, especiallythose that are conducted in academic settings.
Oscillations as a window into neuronal mechanisms underlying dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex function
Authors: Voloh Benjamin , Knoebl Rachel , Hayden Benjamin , Zimmermann Jan
Published: August 2020

The function of dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) remains poorly understood. While many methods, spanning bottom-up and top-down approaches, have been deployed, the view they offer is often conflicting. Integrating bottom up and top-down approaches requires an intermediary with sufficient explanatory power, theoretical development, and empirical support. Oscillations in the local field potential (LFP) provide such a link. LFP oscillations arise from empirically well-characterized neuronal circuit motifs. Synchronizing the firing of individual units has appealing properties to bind disparate brain regions and propagate information, including gating, routing, and coding. Moreover, the LFP, rather than single unit activity, more closely relates to macro-scale recordings, such as the electroencephologram and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, LFP oscillations are a critical link that allow for the inference of neuronal micro-circuitry underlying macroscopic brain recordings.
The relationship between Authentic Leadership, Work-related stress and Job motivation A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Keil Asta
Published: August 2020

Work-related stress (WRS) continues to present as a significant workplace hazard and is the cause of numerous employee and organisational issues (Kompier et al., 2000; O’Keefe et al., 2014; WHO, 2013). Moreover, there is an increase in WRS in the health care sector (see Russell et al., 2018). Studies have shown that WRS and related outcomes harm the quality of care received by users in health care settings (Boamah et al., 2017; Galletta et al., 2016; Van Bogaert et al., 2013; Wong & M. Giallonardo, 2013). Due to the prevalence of management malfeasance, ethical conduct, or lack thereof in corporate and governance leadership, and increased societal challenges (e.g., economic downturn, climate change and corporate scandals etc.), attention towards Authentic Leadership (AL) is growing (Gardner et al., 2011; Neider & Schriesheim, 2011; Walumbwa et al., 2008). However, although the research on perceptions and benefits of AL is growing, it remains limited, especially in the intellectual disability (ID) sector. This research demonstrates that poor leadership and stress can be significant contributors to decreased job motivation (JM), which in turn negatively affects staff and can have a substantial impact on the welfare of the people who avail themselves of ID services. Using a multi-strategy research design, this study examined the relationship between AL, WRS, and JM in the intellectual disability sector in Ireland. Overall results showed that perceived AL of one’s supervisor significantly decreased WRS and improved JM. The results demonstrate the important role leaders have in preventing negative employee, service user and organisational outcomes.
Buku ajar pendidikan agama Islam : konsep dasar bagi mahasiswa perguruan tinggi umum
Authors: Umar Mardan
Published: August 2020

Buku Ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam memuat pengantar Pendidikan Agama Islam, kajian-kajian pokok mengenai ajaran Islam seperti Konsep dasar agama Islam, Konsep Tuhan, Manusia dan Alam semesta dalam pandangan Islam, Aqidah, Syariah dan Akhlak, Sumber Ajara Islam serta konsep Islam dalam Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Buku ini juga mengulas tentang Kerukunan Umat Beragama dan Konsep Kedamaian dalam Islam. Sebagai Matakuliah Umum yang wajib diikuti oleh semua mahasiswa, maka Matakuliah Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) menjadi landasan dan bertujuan agar mahasiswa tidak hanya mengetahui dan memahami ajaran Islam, namun dapat mengimplementasikannya dalam kehidupan.
Agro-Morphological Diversity (Qualitative Traits) of Oryza sativa L. Cultivated in Paiyunpata Village, Baglung, Nepal
Authors: Pathak Hom Nath
Published: August 2020

The study was carried out in Paiyunpata, Baglung-13, which lies in the southern part of Baglung Bazaar, Central Nepal. The main objective of the present study was to study the agro-morphological traits of rice varieties cultivated in the study area and make easy ways for germplasm conservation. Direct observation and measurements were carried out to collect primary data.Agro-morphological characters of 19 landraces of rice in the study sites were measured in terms of qualitative characters and made ways easy for germplasm conservation. Besides, the varied landraces may besuggested to breeding for crop improvement, but patents should be that of the community.
Comparative Study on Soil Microbial Biomass in Tarai and Hill Sal (Shorearobusta Gaertn.) Forests of Tropical Region in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Krishna Prasad , Mandal Tej Narayan
Published: August 2020

A comparative study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitudinal variation and seasonality on soil microbial biomass carbon (MB-C), nitrogen (MB-N), and phosphorus (MB-P) between Tarai Sal forest (TSF) and Hill Sal forest (HSF) of the tropical region in eastern Nepal. Soil microbial biomass was estimated by chloroform fumigation - extraction method in summer, rainy and winter seasons in the upper (0-15 cm) soil depth in both forests. Pre-conditioned soil samples were saturated with purified liquid chloroform, represented fumigated sample. Another set of soil samples without using chloroform, represented unfumigated samples and soil biomass was estimated from these samples. MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P were higher by 66%, 31%, and 9%, respectively, in HSF than TSF. Distinct seasonality was observed in soil microbial biomass. It was maximum in summer and minimum in rainy season in both the forest stands. The value decreased from summer to rainy season by 46 to 67% in HSF and by 32 to 80% in TSF. Higher soil microbial biomass in the summer season may be due to its accumulation in soil when the plant growth and nutrient demand are minimal. Analysis of variance suggested that MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P were significantly different for both sites and seasons (P < 0.001). Soil organic carbon, TN, and TP were positively correlated with MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P in both the forests. In conclusion, the higher value of soil microbial biomass in HSF may be due to the higher concentration of soil organic matter and decreasing turnover rate of microbial biomass due to higher altitude. On the other hand, the lower value of microbial biomass at TSF may indicate its fast turnover rate due to lowland tropics to enhance the nutrient cycling process.
Dactylorhizahatagirea: A Critical Issue for Research and Development in Nepal
Authors: Magar Manu Maya , Dhital Shambhu Prasad , Yamada Tetsuya , Pun Umed Kumar
Published: August 2020

Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. don), commonly known as ‘Panchaule’ in Nepal, is a terrestrial orchid found in temperate to the alpine region. It is valued for its ornamental and medicinal use. It is collected haphazardly from nature due to high economic demand. However, its propagation is limited in nature due to its non-endospermous seeds requiring mycorhizal fungal association for germination. This limitation is leading to the extinction of this orchid from nature and has been enlisted as an endangered and threatened species. Its collection and trade are restricted but have been prioritized for research, conservation, and agro-technology development. As very few research has been reported in D. hatagirea, found in Nepal, intensive research, propagation, reintroducing, and commercial cultivation will help control the rhizome collection from nature and meet the economic demand. It will help in the identification and conservation of our local germplasm through its diversity study at the molecular and revenue generation through commercial cultivation under artificial conditions. In this review paper, we discuss the limited research and developments conducted in Dactylorhiza at various levels and ways forward for its research, conservation, and utilization. As the plant is valued for its biochemical constituents, modern biotechnological tools such as transcriptomics and metabolomics can be best utilized to explore the opportunities and increase its production and reintroduction through mass propagation for better commercialization and conservation.
In vitro propagation of the endangered orchid Dendrobium chryseum Rolfefrom protocorms culture
Authors: Maharjan Sabitri , Thakuri Laxmi Sen , Thapa Bir Bahadur , Pradhan Shreeti , Pant Krishna K. , Joshi Giri P. , Pant Bijaya
Published: August 2020

The immature seeds of Dendrobiumchryseum, asympodial epiphytic orchid with yellow flowers, were cultured in vitro, and the resultant protocorms were used as explants for seedling development. Protocorms were cultured on½ M.S. medium fortified with Kinetin (Kn), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) in three concentrations (0.5mg/l, 1.0mg/land 2.0 mg/l) both alone and supplemented with 5% and 10% coconut water (C.W.). The highest number of shootsofD. chryseum developed on ½ - M.S. medium fortified with 2.0mg/lofKn and10% C.W. and the longest shootsdeveloped on ½ M.S. media fortified with 1.0mg/lGA3, and 10% C.W. The shoot derived from protocorms were placed in ½ M.S. medium fortified with three different rooting hormones, Indole -3- acetic acid (IAA), Indole -3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in different concentrations alone as well as with each 1.0mg/l hormone combined with 10% C.W. The most effective of these media was ½ M.S. medium fortified with 1.5 mg/l IAA for rooting as well as for the production of longest roots. The present study could be useful for standardizing the protocol for mass propagation of the endangered orchid Dendrobiumchryseum.
Some Antiviral Mushrooms of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Mahesh Kumar
Published: August 2020

The present paper is a review based on published articles to highlight some potential antiviral mushrooms, which are also found in Nepal. Nepalese mushrooms have not yet been analyzed and investigated so far for their antiviral properties except antioxidant and ACE-Inhibition sources of 62 Nepalese mushrooms as evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. OphicordycepsSinensiswas screened for its chemical compound in Nepal

The published paper from abroad includes the species like Calvatia gigantia, Cordyceps militaris, Cortinarius caperatus, Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifolafrondosa, HericiumErinaceus, Inonotushispidus, Inonotus obliquus, Lentinula edodes, Omphalotusilludens, Ophiocordyceps Sinensis, Phellinus Ignarius, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Pleurotus eryngii. Pleurotus ostreatus, Polyporus Umbellatus, Russula Delica.Schizophyllum commune, Scleroderma citrinum, Tremella sp., and Trametes Versicolor are also found in the natural temperate (Schima – Castanopsis- Rhododendron – Quercus) forests of Kathmandu valley. This paper may provide the researchers with a glimpse of the aspects of the experiment and lead to investigate on medicinal, antiviral, and antibacterial properties of mushrooms found in Nepal.
Tree Diversity Conservation Initiatives in Sacred Groves of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Laxmi Joshi , Devkota Mohan , Sharma Bhuvan Keshar
Published: August 2020

The study was conducted in two sacred groves of Kathmandu Valley, Pashupati Sacred Grove, and Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove, aiming to analyze the diversity of tree species and their role in conserving biodiversity. Parallel transects with concentric circular plot survey methods were applied for data collection. During the study, 23 tree species belonging to 22 genera and 15 families were recorded in Pashupati sacred grove, whereas only 19 tree species belonging to 16 genera and 13 families were recorded from Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove. The Shannon-Weiner diversity indices were higher (H=1.91) in Pashupati Sacred Grove compared to Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove, with 1.80 Shanon-Weiner Indices. Three types of forest were recorded from Pashupati Sacred Grove, namely the Schima-Pyrus forest, Myrsine-Persea forest, and Quercus-Myrsine forest, and only one Neolitsiacuipala forest from Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove. The sacred grove is one of the pioneers and community-based management regimes of the forest resource management system. It plays a decisive role in biodiversity conservation as it associated with many taboos and belief systems, thus providing a better opportunity for conservation compared to that of the government management system.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Smilax ovalifoliaRoxb. Ex D. Don
Authors: Paneru Damaru Prasad , Rajbhandari Meena
Published: August 2020

Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts of S. ovalifoliawere screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals as well as their antibacterial activity. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid and carbohydrate in methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts of S. ovalifolia. The antibacterial susceptibility was studied against E. coli and S. aureus. Among all the tested extracts, ethyl acetate extract showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria. In the methanol and 50%, aqueous methanol extracts of S. ovalifolia, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total carbohydrate content were estimated, and free radical scavenging activity was determined. Total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically by using Folin- Ciocalteu reagent, total flavonoid content by using aluminium chloride and total carbohydrate content by using the anthrone method. Gallic acid was used as the standard for the calibration of phenolics, catechin for flavonoids and glucose for carbohydrates. The highest amount of phenolic and flavonoid were found in methanol extract (192.152±0.009 mg GAE/g extract and 78.188±2.719 mg CE/g extract), respectively. The highest amount of sugar was found in 50% methanol extract (190.585±2.445 mg GE/g extract). Methanol extract also showed good antioxidant activity (IC50 value 49.989 μg/ ml) than 50% aqueous methanol extract (IC50 72.021 μg/ml). The GC-MS analysis of hexane extract of S. ovalifolia allowed the identification of 16 Phyto-constituents based on retention time and the fragmentation pattern in the mass spectrum.
Mathematical Study of Impact of Travel Rates of Humans in the Transmission of Dengue Disease
Authors: Phaijoo G. R. , Gurung D. B.
Published: August 2020

Dengue is an infectious disease caused by dengue viruses of four serotypes DEN 1 to DEN 4. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of female Aedes mosquitoes. The disease has become a significant public health concern in recent years. Dengue vir uses have expanded their geographic range through the movement of infected humans. In the present work, a two-patch epidemic model is proposed to describe the transmission dynamics of dengue disease in patches with the mobility of humans. Different travel rates of humans are considered to study the dynamics of the disease. Different patches are considered to have different disease prevalence. Basic reproduction number of the model is calculated, and some threshold conditions are established to study local stability of the equilibrium points. The travel of humans can help the dengue disease to increase its prevalence and sometimes the travel can be helpful in controlling the spread of the disease. Present work demonstrates that proper contol in travel rates is helpful in reducing the spread and dominancy of the disease
Monitoring Antimicrobial Susceptibility in bacterial isolates causing Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Chaudhary Mahesh Kumar , Banjara Megha Raj , Tuladhar Reshma
Published: August 2020

Urinary tract infection is the most common infection in females worldwide. One in three women experiences at least one episode of urinary tract infection during their lifetime. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology and antimicrobial profile of urinary tract infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Thirteen hundred clean catch mid-stream urine samples were tested through standard microbiological techniques. The isolates from urine samples were identified from biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following CLSI guidelines. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was found at 24.23%. Escherichia Coli was a predominant etiological agent followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The majority of the infection was found between the age group 21-40, with females mostly infected. Most of the microorganisms were isolated from emtergency, obstetrics-gynecology, and nephrology wards. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, whereas the majority of the gram-positive isolates were resistant to penicillin.A large number of isolates were found to be sensitive to Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin. Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates causing urinary tract infection is recommended to reduce antimicrobial resistance and for the  proper treatment of infection.
A Bayesian Estimation and Predictionof Gompertz Extension Distribution Using the MCMC Method
Authors: Chaudhary Arun Kumar , Kumar Vijay
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is used to estimate the parameters of the Gompertz extension distribution based on a complete sample. We have developed a procedure to obtain Bayes estimates of the parameters of the Gompertz extension distribution using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation method in OpenBUGS, established software for Bayesian analysis using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. We have obtained the Bayes estimates of the parameters, hazard and reliability functions, and their probability intervals are also presented. We have applied the predictive check method to discuss the issue of model compatibility. A real data set is considered for illustration under uniform and gamma priors.
Antibacterial Activity of Honey on Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wounds
Authors: Shrestha Anima , Kandel Milan
Published: August 2020

Honey, a natural product of bees, has been used as nutritious food as well as medicine in ancient time for treatment of wound and burns. It has a healing property and is also very useful in the treatment of infection caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The study was carried out to compare the antibacterial activity of three different honey obtained from Apis mellifera, A.serena and A.dorsata The study period was from February to June 2010. Fifty-two wound swabs were obtained from private clinics and hospitals. Laboratory work was done in Microbiology laboratory of St. Xavier’s College, Kathmandu, Nepal. Antibacterial activity of honey samples on 38 isolates of S. aureus showed that honey obtained from wild species A. dorsata was the most effective among the honey tested.
Response Reduction Factor for Mansory Buildings
Authors: Shrestha Jagat Kumar
Published: August 2020

Most of the seismic codes used today incorporate the nonlinear response of a structure by providing an appropriate response reduction factor so that a linear elastic force-based approach can be used in designs. This study focuses on evaluating the response reduction factor for masonry buildings with different mechanical properties, which are used in modern codes to scale down the elastic response of the structure. Using a similar frame-approach, a nonlinear static pushover analysis is carried out on the analytical models of masonry building in finite element analysis software SAP2000v20.0.0. The response reduction factor components, flexibility, and over strength were computed from the results obtained from the nonlinear static pushover analysis. Finally, the response reduction factor is evaluated for different masonry buildings. It is concluded that the R-value given in IS: 1893-2016 for unreinforced masonry is not recommended for random rubble stonemasonry buildings in mud mortar.