bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regeneracja struktury przestrzennej terenów po-kolejowych na przykładzie warszawskiej Pragi
Authors: Duda Magdalena , Trębacz Paweł
Published: December 2021

Obserwacja doświadczeń polskich miast posiadających tereny kolejowe pokazuje, że pomimo niewątpliwych zalet kolej przyczyniła się do wzmocnienia podziałów przestrzennych i odseparowania poszczególnych obszarów. W dobie postępu technologicznego, tunelowanie linii kolejowych w centrach miast ułatwia proces inwestowania na tych wcześniej problemowych, ale eksponowanych obszarach w krajobrazie miasta i przyczynia się do ich rewitalizacji. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie metody pracy nad zdegradowanym terenem po-kolejowym w niespójnej strukturze przestrzennej miasta i wykazanie w jaki sposób skuteczne projektowanie wspiera proces rewitalizacji dopełniając działania społeczne. Na wariantowych, studialnych przykładach przeanalizowano teren linii kolei wileńskiej i terenów okalających zlokalizowanych w warszawskiej dzielnicy Praga Północ. Artykuł wpisuje się w debatę dotyczącą właściwego wyznaczenia obszaru rewitalizacji na podstawie wiarygodnych danych zaczerpniętych z analiz uwarunkowań istniejących i projektowanych przeprowadzonych w kontekście przestrzenno-funkcjonalnym większych jednostek urbanistycznych.

Regeneration of the spatial structure of post-railway areas on the example of Warsaw district of Praga
Observation of experiences of Polish cities with railway areas shows that despite its unquestionable advantages, railway contributed to the strengthening of spatial divisions and the separation of individual areas. In the era of technological progress, tunneling of railway lines in city centers facilitates investment process in these previously problematic but exposed areas in the city landscape and contributes to their revitalization. The aim of this article is to present methods of work on a degraded post-railway area in an incoherent spatial structure of the city and to show how the effective design supports the revitalization process by complementing social activities. Based on variant, study examples, the area of the Vilnius railway line and the surrounding areas located in the Warsaw district of Praga Północ have been analyzed. The article is a part of the debate on the proper designation of the revitalization area on the basis of reliable data taken from the analyzes of existing and planned conditions in the spatial and functional context of larger urban units.
Priestorová analýza dát z povrchového zberu na lokalite Vráble-Fidvár
Authors: Drozd Dominik
Published: December 2021

The goal of this study is to introduce selected methods of spatial analysis and their contribution to evaluation of fieldwalking data. Spatial analysis encompasses various methods suitable for identification, objective evaluation and visualization of spatial patterns which are present in obtained data. This article primarily deals with sampled data, collected during a 2007 fieldwalking campaign. The dataset consisting of potsherds was spatially autocorrelated, using the global and local Moran’s I coefficient, which was used to identify clusters of finds. Spatial pattern of the settlement was visualised by geostatistical interpolation method – kriging.
Nicht nur als Kopfschmuck getragen: ein außergewöhnlicher hallstattzeitlicher Fund aus Smržice-Trávníky u ostrova (Mittelmähren)
Authors: Kozubová Anita , Fojtík Pavel
Published: December 2021

This study deals with the cultural and spatial analysis of finds discovered in the previous five years during surface prospecting in Smržice-Trávníky u ostrova (Prostějov district) on the area of a presumed settlement of the Platěnice group of the East Hallstatt culture. In the set of the analysed items, in addition to local ceramics of the Platěnice group and several metal objects of the Hallstatt type (rare type of a bronze boat-shaped fibula, a bronze pin with a hemispherical head and a ribbed neck, a bronze conical arrowhead of circular cross-section) dating to Ha C2 and Ha D1, there were also bronze arrowheads of the eastern type (with an inner socket), which demonstrate the connections between the Prostějov region and the Vekerzug culture during the Ha D period. An exceptional find of a ceramic fragment of a local (Platěnice group) vessel decorated with impressions of small nail-shaped earrings probably from Ha D1 indicates, on the contrary, the contacts of Central Moravia with the late phase of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture of Southeast Poland. It is the Prostějov region, where we observe a significant concentration of objects of the eastern type during the Hallstatt period. Therefore, special attention in the study was paid to Hallstatt period finds of the eastern type with the focus on the provenience, chronological aspect and interpretation of their occurrence in Moravia as well as in the neighboring regions.
Kısıtlı Mühendislik Problemlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Ağırlık ve Maliyet Optimizasyonu
Authors: ÖZYÜKSEL ÇİFTÇİOĞLU Aybike
Published: December 2021

Mühendislik alanındaki gerçek dünya problemleri genellikle doğrusal olmayan veya kısıtlı tasarım problemleridir. Pek çok nedenden ötürü, bir mühendis yalnızca uygun şekilde çalışan herhangi bir tasarımı değil, en iyi tasarımı elde etmek ister. En iyi tasarımı belirleme sürecine optimizasyon denir. Optimizasyon ile mevcut kısıtlayıcıları sağlayarak belirli bir amaç fonksiyonunu elde edecek şekilde problemin en iyi tasarımı belirlenir. Bu çalışmada çeşitli eşitlik ve eşitsizlik kısıtlamaları olan çekme/basınç yayı, kaynaklı kiriş ve basınçlı kap tasarımları olmak üzere üç gerçek dünya mühendislik tasarım problemi optimize edilmeye çalışılmış, tasarım problemlerinin optimum değişkenleri belirlenmiştir. Optimizasyon sürecinde sekiz farklı algoritma kullanılmış, gerçek mühendislik problemlerine ait en iyi tasarımlar oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Optimizasyon algoritmaları, meta-sezgisel algoritmaların alt dallarından olan evrimsel tabanlı, sürü tabanlı, matematik tabanlı ve fizik tabanlı algoritmalardan seçilmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra, algoritmaların sonuçları yakınsama eğrileri ve kutu grafikler yardımıyla birbirleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. Gri kurt algoritması her üç problemde de en başarılı performans gösteren algoritma olmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra, sürü tabanlı, fizik tabanlı ve matematik tabanlı algoritmalar gerçek mühendislik problemlerini optimize etmede diğer algoritmalardan daha iyi sonuç vermiştir.
Solid Selective Catalytic Reduction: A Promising Approach towards Reduction of NOx Emission from Exhaust of CI Engines
Authors: Yadav M. K. , Srivastava A. K.
Published: December 2021

The rising rate of pollution in urban areas has become a worldwide concern in recent years. Diesel engines are considered one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution caused by exhaust emissions, and they are responsible for several health problems as well. Diesel engines contain carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen. The reduction of Nitric oxides (NOx) emission from diesel engine exhaust is currently being researched by automotive manufacturers. After much research, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology was discovered to be effective in reducing nitrogen oxide emission from diesel engine exhaust. This paper is an attempt to explore the problems associated with the use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and compares selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with the latest technology named solid selective catalytic reduction (SSCR) for efficient reduction of NOx emission from the exhaust of diesel engines. The issue of contamination, malfunctioning, and freezing of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) at low temperatures are the major problems associated with the application of SCR. It is observed that by controlling the quantity of ammonia slip, SSCR can give better performance in the reduction of NOx emission from the exhaust of diesel engines.
Application of Cationic Surfactant Modified Mengkuang Leaves (Pandanus atrocapus) for the Removal of Reactive Orange 16 from Batik Wastewater: A Column Study
Authors: Megat Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal , Ibrahim Shariff , Mohamad Subberi Nur Izah Fasihah , Kantasamy Nesamalar , Fatimah Is
Published: December 2021

The feasibility of Mengkuang leaves (Pandanus atrocarpus) as a non-conventional low-cost adsorbent for the removal of an anionic dye, Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), was investigated. Among the dyes that have been commonly used in the Batik industry was reactive dye. In this study, Mengkuang leaves were chemically modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, to improve their adsorption performance toward anionic dyes. The adsorbent’s morphological characteristics were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface of modified Mengkuang leaves seems to be irregular and uneven, with more porous structures than raw Mengkuang leaves. Adsorption of RO16 dye in fixed bed column using modified Mengkuang leaves adsorbent indicated the breakthrough time increased at higher bed height and lower flow rate. The breakthrough times for bed height of 0.5, 2, and 4 cm were at 16, 68, and 165 min, respectively. Meanwhile, breakthrough time for the flow rate of 2,5 and 7 mL.min-1 were at 327, 104, and 43 min, respectively. However, the study utilizing raw Mengkuang leaves showed no significant removal of RO16. Thus, it can be concluded that the cationic surfactant modification of Mengkuang leaves is advantageous for anionic dye removal. This anionic dye removal is significantly influenced by column parameters such as bed height and flow rate as the plotted breakthrough curves obtained from experimental data were similar to the typical breakthrough curve. When applied to the Yoon-Nelson model, the adsorption data provided the best fit with the R2 value above 0.95. The time taken for the breakthrough is very similar to model prediction values. Experiments with real batik dye wastewater showed the immense potential of modified Mengkuang leaves where total removal of real Batik wastewater was instantaneous.
Review on BOD/COD Ratio Toxicity to Daphnia magna, Artemia salina and Brachydanio rerio
Authors: Al-Rosyid Latifa Mirzatika , Titah Harmin Sulistiyaning , Santoso Irwan Bagyo , Mangkoedihardjo Sarwoko
Published: December 2021

This paper review research works on BOD/COD ratio toxicity to three bioindicators, namely: Daphnia magna, Artemia salina, and Brachydanio rerio. Treatment methods are divided into natural, biological, physical, chemical, combined treatment, and phytotechnology for various types of processing operations such as municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, various effluent treatment, landfill leachate, and organic matter. A. salina shows the lowest toxicity value of the BOD/COD ratio and shows it can withstand processing conditions that are not biodegradable. Then followed by B. rerio and D. magna. Furthermore, the disposal limits are standardized for the protection of freshwater biota. In addition, it must be considered whether there is any other potential of disposal into the receiving environment, and if so, what form of disposal and how much, to protect the biota.
Situation and Treatment Methods of Ecological and Environmental Problems during the Process of Urbanization in Rural Areas of China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxue , Sun Faming , Yang Jie , Li Jian , Liang Jing , Yang Mei , Liu Wen
Published: December 2021

Rural urbanization is a process of population agglomeration catalyzed by industrialization. At present, China’s urbanization process is accelerating against the backdrop of rapid social development. However, in some areas, economic development is emphasized, while the protection of the ecological environment is neglected, leading to the increasingly obvious contradiction between urbanization and rural ecological environment and is not conducive to economic development. In this paper, the development trend of China’s rural urbanization, the current situation of environmental pollution, and the progress of important environmental treatment projects are analyzed. Accordingly, the main problems in rural environmental protection and the impact of urbanization are explored. The problems led by industrial and domestic pollutants have been amplified by urbanization, while the improved connection between urban and rural areas will benefit the improvement of environmental infrastructure in rural areas. The government-led projects of rural water improvement, sanitary toilet penetration, methane gas production, and solar water heater have made great progress during the past two decades. Based on these understandings, we put forward feasible countermeasures to implement rural ecological environment protection during the process of urbanization to promote the benign development of rural urbanization. Our results will be helpful in providing some useful references for environmental protection in rural areas and promoting the coordinated development of the economy and environment during the process of urbanization in China.
Dynamic Relationship Between China’s Environmental Protection Investment and Regional, Environmental Pollution
Authors: Qiu Xiaowen
Published: December 2021

The carrying capacity of China’s resources and environment has reached a limit. The economic development of different regions has been forced to abandon the original economic development mode manifesting high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emission and to step forward to the new economic development model promoting low energy consumption, low emission, and low pollution. Environmental issues are typical manifestations of market mechanism failure. Government investment in environmental protection, which effectively improves environmental quality, is necessary to achieve sustainable economic development. An index system of the influencing factors that affect regional environmental pollutant emissions was established first in this study to measure accurately the relationship between environmental protection investment in different provinces in China and regional environmental pollution. System GMM (Generalized Method of Moment) method was used to analyze the impact of environmental protection investment on pollutant emissions in 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2016. Results show that the system GMM method can effectively solve variable endogeneity. Environmental protection investment of explanatory variables has a significant negative effect on pollutant emissions. Among the control variables, per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product), industrial structure, resident consumption level, and technology market turnover have a significant inhibitory effect on pollutant emissions. Among the control variables, investment in fixed assets and import and export trade is vital in promoting pollutant emission growth. Conclusions provide a reference for improving the governance level of environmental protection investment in China’s provinces, controlling environmental pollution and ecological damage, and realizing a green economic development method.
Hubungan Antara Karakteristik, Jenis Stroke, Dukungan Keluarga dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Stroke di Rumah Sakit Univeritas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta
Authors: Asti Dwiyani Benedicta , Astrid Maria
Published: December 2021

Background: Stroke often results in the burden and thus may affect the patient's quality of life.

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between characteristics, type of stroke, family support, towards quality of life of stroke patients at UKI Hospital Jakarta.

Methods: This study used correlative descriptive research method with cross sectional approach. There were 81 stroke patients choosen using purposive sampling technique. This study conducted from June to July 2020. This study used a questionnaire as a measuring tool.

Result: The results revealed that most of the respondents were 25-65 years old (76,5%), male (67,9%), graduated from high school (71,8%), unemployee (63,0%), developed ischemic stroke (76,5%), good family support (79,0%) and good quality of life (86,4%). Chi-Square statistical test showed a significant relationship between work (p value 0.039), type of stroke (p value 0.000) to quality of life for stroke patients; however, there was no significant relationship between age (p value 0.777), gender (p value 0.307), education (p value 0.177), and family support (p value 0.582) to quality of life for stroke patients.

Conclusion: A significant relationship between work, type of stroke to quality of life for stroke patients. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, education, and family support to quality of life for stroke patients. It is suggested that Hospital should provide health workers with counseling to the families of stroke patients in outpatient department such as reminding families through posters or leaflets about family support for stroke patients.
Simplificación administrativa en grados títulos y percepción de calidad en usuarios de las escuelas profesionales
Authors: Anibal-Rivero Pedro R. , Anibal-Rivero Rafael A. , Rivero-Lazo Mélida S.
Published: December 2021

Objetivo. Determinar el cumplimiento de la simplificación administrativa en la Unidad de Grados y Títulos y la percepción de calidad de servicios en usuarios de las Escuelas Profesionales de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán de Huánuco. Métodos. La investigación fue cuantitativa, de nivel explicativo, se utilizó los métodos de análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo; la muestra estuvo constituida por 85 egresados, estratificados de las 27 carreras profesionales; como técnicas para la recolección de datos se utilizaron la encuesta y revisión documental, como instrumentos las fichas y el cuestionario; se procedió a la tabulación de los datos y elaboración de tablas y gráficos para ser analizar los resultados. El diseño fue no experimental, transeccional, descriptivo, causal. Resultados. Los resultados evidenciaron que los trámites en la Unidad de Grados y Títulos de la UNHEVAL son engorrosos, repetitivos, no se cumplen los plazos y tiempos establecidos, los usuarios no reciben orientación y trato cortes, lo que genera continuos reclamos y quejas, no se utiliza tecnología moderna. Los usuarios perciben que el personal no está capacitado para el servicio. Conclusión. En la Unidad de Grados y Títulos de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán no se cumple con la simplificación administrativa, con requisitos innecesarios, se carece de tecnología moderna e infraestructura para brindar un servicio de calidad, el personal carece de competencias para ofrecer un servicio eficiente, generando desconfianza en los egresados quienes perciben la calidad del servicio como deficiente.
Assessing Physical Climate Risks for the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development's Power Generation Project Investment Portfolio
Authors: Luo Tianyi , Zhou Lihuan , Falzon James , Cheng Yan , Christianson Giulia , Wu Yili , Habchi Amir
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces a new method to quantify physical climate risks for power generation projects at the portfolio level. Co-developed by WRI and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the approach is designed to be flexible enough to work with portfolios with different levels of data availability, leverage the latest science in climate and hydrology, and use machine-learning techniques such as recurrent neural networks.
The Luck of a Traumatic Accident
Authors:   Associate Professor of Health Sciences Nursing, Spain, Blanca Gomez Martín
Published: December 2021

6-year-old, transferred for 112 due to trauma to the right side after nailing a 5-8cm rusty garden bar while pruning.
MANUAL DE PROCEDIMIENTOS PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DEL BAR “LA BODEGUITA” CANTÓN DURÁN
Authors: Benítez Pincay Lesly Johanna , Bonín Campos Edith Vanessa , Vacacela Conforme Lissette Juleysi , Guaman Yanza Gissela Anabel
Published: December 2021

Los Manuales de procedimientos sirve de sustento en el seguimiento de las tareas cotidianas que se realizan en una organización y con ello cumplir con las tareas establecidas con una destacada administración de toda la entidad. El artículo es el resultado de un estudio descriptivo cualitativo que se realiza con el objetivo proponer un Manual de Procedimientos administrativos para el Bar la Bodeguita S.A. La población objeto de estudio estuvo constituida por 03 trabajadores de la empresa objeto de estudio. Como técnica de recolección de datos se utilizó la entrevista y la observación no participativa. Los instrumentos fueron la guía de observación y el cuestionario de preguntas semiestructuradas. Los resultados evidenciaron carencia administración en el desempeño de sus actividades, y el descontrol de funciones en los trabajadores, así como falta de control de los productos que se comercializan, generando una inadecuada atención al cliente. Por lo que existe la necesidad del diseño de un manual de funciones administrativos donde se detalle las actividades, responsabilidades y control de los productos que se comercializan en el establecimiento con la finalidad de garantizar un buen funcionamiento, mayo rentabilidad y atención al cliente.
MANUAL DE FUNCIONES PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DEL CONDOMINIO CENTRO DE VIVIENDAS DE GUAYAQUIL
Authors: Zaldivar Almarales Daniel Austin , Díaz Saavedra Dennise Gabriela , Bueno Salinas Marco Vinicio , Pucuna Baño Catalina Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Vivir en un edificio de apartamentos o un condominio significa tener que cumplir con una serie de normas, como, por ejemplo; pagar la cuota de mantenimiento puntualmente, respetar las normas de convivencia y el reglamento interno, mantenerse informado de la gestión de la junta directiva y de la administración. Adicional, que compartir con diferentes familias con diversidad de características, puesto que convives en lo que se denomina propiedad horizontal. Por lo que es muy necesario contar con una herramienta que coordine todas las actividades que conciernen a una apropiada administración del inmueble. La metodología empleada fue bajo el paradigma positivista, con un enfoque cuantitativo, siendo una investigación de campo, de corte transversal y tipo proyecto factible, de nivel descriptivo. La población estuvo constituida por 91 copropietarios que viven en el Conjunto Habitacional, tomándose la muestra de 25 personas encuestadas. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la entrevista y su instrumento el cuestionario, para el análisis de los datos se empleó el estudio estadístico. En conclusión, se hace necesario crear un Manual de funciones para la administración del Condominio Centro de Viviendas.
DETECTOR DE VAZAMENTO DE GÁS DE BAIXO CUSTO
Authors: Brasil Wesley , Carlos Rossetto Minhoni Danilo
Published: December 2021

Devido ao isolamento social em decorrência da pandemia do coronavírus (COVID19) a população precisou permanecer por longos períodos em suas residências, culminando em um aumento significativo no número de acidentes domésticos relacionados ao vazamento de gás de cozinha. Atualmente os sistemas de detecção de vazamento de gás mais modernos e acessível à população tem a capacidade de identificar vazamentos de acordo com sua proporção em relação ao oxigênio do ambiente, porém quase todos estes equipamentos somente alertam as pessoas que estão próximas sobre a ocorrência do vazamento, com avisos sonoros e/ou visuais. Neste sentido o objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver um dispositivo inteligente integrado no hardware Arduino, que detecte o vazamento de gás GLP (Gás Liquefeito de Petróleo, podendo ser chamado também por Gás Líquido Pressurizado) e que seja capaz de atuar sob o vazamento de gás em três níveis. O sistema terá por finalidade presar pela segurança de seus usuários e dos demais seres humanos presentes nas redondezas do local, visto que acidentes relacionados a vazamentos de gás causam acidentes catastroficos, não somente no local, mas também a sua volta, devido ao alto índice de chance de explosão.
THE EFFECT OF RACISM IN THE MEDIA TO DEAL WITH MIGRATION
Authors: Ali DHEYAB Rasha
Published: December 2021

Migration is associated with important global issues, including development, poverty, and human rights. Migrants are frequently the most dynamic members of society; migration has historically aided economic development, the rise of nations, and the enrichment of cultures. It also presents significant challenges. The article is based on Halliday´s systematic functional grammar in terms of transitivity and modality. The aim of this article is to investigate the transitivity and modalities of migration as it appears in a number of British tabloids. The focus is on aspects of racism in the media and how to deal with the migration phenomenon. It is important to see how the media plays a role in the reproduction of racism. This article shows attitudes to migration as they have appeared in British periodicals over the last few years. It´s obvious that the role of the media in the reproduction of racism is inextricably linked to the general characteristics of racism and white domination in society, particularly the structural and ideological structuring of that kind of group power. This highlights the press's function as a business, social, and cultural institution. The press has to be examined in connection with the institutions of the economy and the political as well ‎.
CDA IN THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE PUBLIC SPACE OF IMMIGRATION: THE IDEOLOGY AND ELEMENTS OF HALLIDAY´S THEORY (SFG) IN THE INTERPRETATION OF MIGRATION NARRATIVES IN THE US PUBLIC SPACE
Authors: Salih Rajaa Hamid
Published: December 2021

The key point of this article is to provide an interpretation of the selected immigration narratives of two periodical New York Post and New York Daily News, focusing on CDA and the ideological issues approached from the perspective of critical linguistics relies on SFL Halliday (1985) and Hart (2014). This article applies the theoretical understanding and concepts associated with CDA, to the interpretation of media literature and periodicals. Because CDA and SFG have a common relation in the link between language and society. Accordingly, the study investigates a number of statements/ texts in the public space in America by means of critical methods associated with CDA; the aim is to discover the mechanisms by means of which tabloids manage to persuade/ manipulate a certain target audience of Western readers.
ATTITUDES OF GOVERNMENT SCHOOL PRINCIPALS TOWARDS INTEGRATING STUDENTS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES IN NABLUS GOVERNORATE
Authors: ALKHARRAZ Rola Abd Al-Rahman , AL-ATAR Majdi Hamad Tawfik
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to measure the attitudes of public school principals towards integrating students with motor disabilities in Nablus governorate and to measure the differences in the attitudes of government school principals towards integrating students with mobility disabilities in Nablus Governorate according to the different variables (gender, educational level, experience), and the descriptive survey method was used, and it was The study population consisted of all school principals in Nablus governorate, totaling (267) principals. The questionnaire was randomly distributed to a sample of (167) principals in Nablus governorate, which was statistically analyzed. The study showed the presence of high positive attitudes among public school principals towards integrating students with motor disabilities in Nablus governorate, and the presence of apparent differences in the attitudes of government school principals towards integrating students with motor disabilities in Nablus governorate due to gender in favor of females, and the absence of differences due to educational level and experience Based on the results of the study, it recommends preparing schools in a way that contributes to educating all workers to better accept the idea of inclusion in order to be successful in an optimal manner, and the need to issue legislation by the competent authorities, which guarantees the principle of equal opportunities for the disabled to obtain education, and the necessity of holding courses And workshops for managers in the field of inclusion of the disabled and special methods of dealing with them‎.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHILOSOPHY WITH MATHEMATICS IN MODERN ERA -THE CASE OF DESCARTES-‎
Authors: Gaid Salima
Published: December 2021

The modern era witnessed a remarkable development of many sciences, the first ‎of which was mathematics, a fact that directly affected the development of ‎philosophy at that time. This was evident with the rationalist doctrine of ‎Descartes and his followers who made mathematics science their highest scientific ‎ideal that philosophy should emulate by adopting its method and its method of ‎inference as well as some of its concepts. In fact, the impact of mathematics was ‎not limited to philosophy alone, but extended to all branches of knowledge, such ‎as physics, psychology, sociology, economics, ethics, Yet, its impact on ‎philosophy was very strong and distinctive. The reason for this is that the great ‎philosophers of the modern era like Descartes and Leibniz were also great ‎mathematicians. ‎ Thus, the present paper is devoted to Descartes, considering that he was one of ‎the philosophers most influenced by mathematics and geometry in particular. He ‎was greatly upset by the decline of philosophy in his time, its immerson in ‎ambiguity and turmoil, and its fall into endless sterile, debates,‎‏ ‏in contrast to the ‎development of mathematics, and its clarity, objectivity and accuracy. ‎Accordingly, he aspired for philosophy to become a clear, objective, accurate and ‎certain science like mathematics itself through the application of the mathematical ‎method. The clarification of this idea is the objective of this research paper‎.
FINANCING PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN PALESTINE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: SHABIB Moammar Abdelrahman , MASHAL Amal , RAJA Thaer Ali
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study to identify the extent to which the sustainability of sources of financing and to identify the most important challenges facing the financing of the Palestinian public universities as well as to explore potential financing opportunities that can be developed to finance the Palestinian public universities based on the experiences of other universities. The study used the analytical qualitative method, and the study tool is interviews with finance specialists in Palestinian public universities. One of the findings of the study is that students´ tuition fees are the main source of financing for universities, as they constitute approximately 80% of universities´ revenues. The centers and institutes affiliated with the university are considered an important and sustainable source of financing for universities, but they are not used in an optimal way. One of the challenges facing financing is competition between universities instead of integration between them, and from other financing opportunities , are creation of investment units in universities or business development centers in partnership with the private sector .The study recommended the importance of working on finding other sources of financing universities through potential financing opportunities, such as : investment units and business development centers, establishing productive projects in cooperation and partnership with the public and private sectors, restructuring and integrating academic disciplines, and finding new academic disciplines that match with the labor market requirements that attract new students.
TO TASTE THE SMELL OF LINGUISTIC SIGNIFICANCE AL-ALAQ SURAH AS A MODEL
Authors: EZZAT Azza Adnan Ahmed
Published: December 2021

The linguistic miracle in the Nobel Qur´an has its own flavor, in terms of drawing, sound, formula, and structure. In Al-Alaq surah, we see the subject of the study, is that the first thing that draws attention to it is the congruence of the sounds of its name (Al-Alaq) and the meaning of its three paragraphs. The first paragraph in the first five verses of the surah, which talks about the beginning of creation, the beginning of learning, and the call to acquire knowledge. As for the second sound (al-lam), which is an approximant sound, repeated in the surah 43 times, it agrees with the second paragraph of the surah, which is the longest, and includes verses (6-14) that talk about the deviation of the unbelievers, and wonder about their actions, and determines four types of people towards the Da'wa. As for the third sound (qaf), which is a very explosive sound, it coincided with the third paragraph, which includes the last five verses (15-19) that challenges the deniers and describes their fate and severe torment. It is nice that these divisions coincided with the comma of the surah, as the first five verses and the last five verses ended with the closed sound syllable (CVC), while the nine verses in the middle of the surah (6-14) ended with the open sound syllable (CVV), and because the comma governed by the soothing pause, prompts us to contemplate the significance of the end. The end of the first five verses and the last five in this passage draws our attention to the intensity in the beginning and at the end of the surah; Therefore, we counted the percentage of the long open syllable (CVV), which gives a kind of feeling of temporal calm, and we found what reinforces this, as it represented (10.6%) in the first five verses and (17.64%) in the last five verses, as for the verses of the second paragraph. In the middle of the surah (6-14), its percentage reached (21.25%), in addition, the counting of the high explosive sounds that ended with the closed vocal syllables (CVC) in the three groups was consistent with that and reinforced it.
ATTITUDES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN EAST JERUSALEM TOWARDS EMPLOYING THE PORTFOLIO AS AN ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT TOOL IN TEACHING
Authors: ASABBIGBARIEH Mirvat Abu , NASRALLA Lubna
Published: December 2021

ATTITUDES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN EAST JERUSALEM TOWARDS EMPLOYING THE PORTFOLIO AS AN ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT TOOL IN TEACHING
Update on lymphoma pathology I: epidemiology and the role of viruses and radiation in the pathogenesis of lymphoid neoplasia
Authors: Blewitt RW
Published: December 2021

An average human contains about 500g lymphocytes, equivalent to an organ one third the size of the liver, but far more likely to undergo neoplastic transformation. Lymphocytes are the most extensively studied and complex cell type in the body, and this is equally true for their tumours. Enormous advances have been achieved in the epidemiology, cytogenetics, and classification of lymphoid tumours. In these papers we shall see how remarkably close we are to understanding the cause of some types of lymphoid cancer. Part I will concentrate on epidemiology and the role of viruses and radiation. The contribution to lymphoid neoplasia of genetic mutations will be reviewed in Part II, and the new classification will be presented in a subsequent part.
On Panchayat: A Study of Decentralization in India and Policy Recommendation
Authors: Soikham Piyanat
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to study India’s decentralization process, which focuses on the Panchayat or the village government as a demonstration of success in India’s decentralization.  This paper employs documentary research with a systemic review of relevant literature, articles, and documents on India's decentralization policy after independence up to the present (during 1947-2020). This paper found that India emphasizes people participation and decentralization, primarily through the Panchayat, which the constitution has authorized. The Indian government also established the Ministry of Panchayati Raj to facilitate the process of decentralization. The key success of India’s decentralization is related to its financial decentralization that allows the local government to collect tax and financial supports. This research also suggests five recommendations to increase the level of decentralization. First, decentralization must be written in a country’s constitution. Second, decentralization could effectively work with a unitary state with a federal feature. Third, the village is the foundation of decentralization. Fourth, the state should establish or form a ministry or another form of a government body to implement a policy of decentralization. Finally, decentralization must be political, administrative, and financial.
The Effect of Neutralising Materials on the Reaction of the Peat Substrate Medium when Growing Ball-Rooted Seedlings
Authors: Rabko Siarhei , Kimeichuk Ivan , Surauyou Siarhei , Khryk Vasyl , Levandovska Svitlana
Published: December 2021

The use of various types of neutralising materials in the cultivation of standard planting material of high-quality forest wood species has a significant effect on substrate acidity. Therefore, the study sets a goal to select peat substrates with different dosages of the neutralising component and determine their effect on the reaction of the peat substrate medium. The paper presents the results of the influence of neutralising materials of dolomitic meal and chalk of various doses with the use of mineral fertilisers. Dolomitic meal was used as a neutralising component, the pH of the peat substrate was 6.6 and chalk was 7.5. It was found that when neutralising a peat substrate created based on high-moor milled peat (pH 2.5) with the introduction of dolomitic meal in doses of 2-4 kg/m3 (European spruce), 3-4. 5 kg/m3 (Scots pine), optimal acidity can be achieved in a month. An increase in the concentration of lime material was recorded, which leads to an increase in the neutralisation of the substrate at a dose of 2.5 g and 3.0 g per 125 g of peat. The best indicators were demonstrated by options of doses of 1.5-2.5 g per 125 g of peat for 7-8 days of use and a dose of 3.0 g per 125 g of peat for 5-6 days compared with the control. An increase in the concentration of chalk in the neutralising material from 30% to 70% leads to a faster deoxidation of the substrate (pH 3.2), and an increase in the dosage of chalk increases substrate neutralisation. The electrical conductivity of the substrate at a dosage of 6-8 kg/m3 when applying chalk and dolomitic meal increases by 1.6-2.0 and 1.2-1.4 times, respectively. At the rate of application of 6-10 kg/m3, it has a lesser effect on the change in the electrical conductivity of the high-moor peat, and the introduction of dolomitic meal 2-4.5 kg/m3 into the milled peat during neutralisation does not lead to a change in the electrical conductivity of the peat. This data allows choosing neutralising materials of a certain concentration that will enable the cultivation of standard planting material of European quality and thereby ensure the proper quality of future stands
Gambaran Pemberian Terapi Latihan Dalam Peningkatan Kemampuan Fungsional Tangan Pada De Quervain Syndrome: Literatur Review
Authors: Pramitha Chandra Arum , Ersila Wahyu
Published: December 2021

AbstractBody part have an important role in various activities, excess activity can cause disturbance. Musculoskeletas disorder that commonly occur due to continuous activity are tendinitis, bursitis and tenosinovitys. De Quervain Syndrome is a tendinitis disorder caused by inflammation of the tendon sheath of the muscle in the m.abductor policis longus and m. Extensor policis brevis due to thickening of the extensor retinaculum, an important role of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of movement disorder, namely use of modalities. The purpose of tis study is te see the description of the provision of exercise terapy in improving the functional ability of the hands in the case of De Quervain Syndrome. The method in this research design uses a literature review analysis wit the PICO method with a database seachr method through PUBMED, Z-Library and Google schoolar, five articles are reviewed. The test results of increasing functional ability in patients with De Quervain Syndrome showed that there was a significant effect of exercise therapy intervention with a mean value before the action of 50,5 and the mean value after of 26,8 the difference in ability improvement was 23,7. Health woekers can improve physiotherapy in patients with De Quervain Syndrome to improve te functional ability of the hand.Keywords: De Quervain syndrome, Exercise therapy, Disabilities Of The Arm, Shoulder And Hand (DASH)

AbstrakBagian tubuh memiliki peran penting dalam berbagai aktivitas, aktivitas berlebih dapat menyebabkan gangguan. Gangguan Muskuloskeletal yang umum terjadi akibat aktifitas secara terus menerus yaitu Tendinitis, bursitis dan tenosinivitys. De quervain Syndrome merupakan salah satu gangguan tendinitis yang disebabkan oleh peradangan selubung tendon otot pada m. abduktor policis longus dan m. Ekstensor policis brevis akibat penebalan pada ekstensor retinaculum, peran penting fisioterapi dalam rehabilitasi gangguan fungsi gerak tubuh yaitu penggunaan modalitas. Tujuan penelitian ini melihat gambaran pemberian terapi latihan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan fungsional tangan pada kasus De Quervain Syndrome. Metode dalam desain penelitian ini menggunakan analisis literatur review dengan metode PICO dengan metode penelusuran database melalui PUBMED, Z-Library dan Google Scholar diperoleh lima artikel yang direview. Hasil uji peningkatan kemampuan fungsional pada pasien De quervain Syndrome menunjukan ada pengaruh signifikan intervensi terapi latihan dengan nilai mean sebelum tindakan 50,5 dan nilai mean setelah dilakukan 26,8 selisih peningkatan kemampuan 23,7. Tenaga Kesehatan dapat meningkatkan Fisioterapi pada penderita De Quervain Syndrome untuk meningkatkan kemampuan fungsional tangan.Kata kunci: De quervain syndrome, Terapi latihan, Disabilities Of The Arm, Shoulder And Hand (DASH)
Gambaran Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil : Literature Review
Authors: Utari Kiki , Ratnawati R
Published: December 2021

AbstractPregnant women are very susceptible to anemia due to lack of food reserves and before pregnancy they were already anemic. Pregnant women need more iron intake than before pregnancy. Problems in pregnant women are problems in pregnancy that can cause anemia. This literature review aims to determine the description of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women from various articles. This study uses a descriptive method with a literature review approach. Search articles through PubMed and Google Scholar according to keywords and then analyzed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and found 5 articles and reviewed using the Joanna Instrument (JBI). The description of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women showed anemia as many as 258 respondents (35.3%) and those who experienced anemia were not as many as 472 respondents (64.7%). In this literature review, it was concluded that most pregnant women did not experience anemia.Keywords: Anemia, Pregnant Women

AbstrakIbu hamil sangat rentan mengalami anemia karena cadangan makanan kurang dan pada saat sebelum hamil sudah mengalami anemia. Ibu hamil membutuhkan asupan zat besi yang lebih banyak dibandingkan saat sebelum hamil. Permasalahan pada ibu hamil adalah masalah – masalah dalam kehamilan yang dapat menimbulkan anemia. Literatur Review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil dari berbagai artikel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan literature review. Pencarian artikel melalui PubMed dan Google Scholar sesuai dengan kata kunci kemudian dianalisa sesuai dengan keriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dan ditemukan 5 artikel dan di review menggunakan Instrument Joanna (JBI). Gambaran kejadian Anemia pada ibu hamil didapatkan hasil anemia sebanyak 258 responden (35,3%) dan yang mengalami tidak anemia sebanyak 472 responden (64,7%). Dalam penelitian literature review ini disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar ibu hamil tidak mengalami anemia.Kata kunci : Anemia, Ibu Hamil
Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Ekstrak Daun Puring (Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. Ex. A.Juss) Secara In Vitro
Authors: Sahara Farida Ulya , Slamet S , Waznah Urmatul , Wirasti W
Published: December 2021

AbstractCholesterol is an essential building material for the body to synthesize important substances such as cell membranes and insulation materials around nerve fiber as well as genital hormones and kidney of vitamin D and bile acids. Puring plants iclusive varieties of flowering plants who most of society interest because have varied colour leaf and have compound secondary metabolic substances of flavonoid, phenolic, triterpenoid, steroid and alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to determine the anticholesterol activity of puring leaves in vitro. The method used in vitro with Lieberman-Burchad reagent using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer measuring device at a wavelength of 665.0 nm. The concentration series used are 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 ppm. The results showed that at a concentration of 500 ppm it can decrease cholesterol levels by 52.20% and The EC50 value obtained was 449.87 g/mL. The increase in each extract concentration showed an increase in the percent decrease in cholesterol levels.Keywords: cholesterol; puring leaf; lieberman-burchard

AbstrakKolesterol merupakan bahan bangun esensial bagi tubuh untuk sintesis zat-zat penting, seperti membran sel dan bahan isolasi sekitar serat saraf, begitu pula hormon kelamin dan anak ginjal, vitamin D, serta asam empedu. Tanaman puring termasuk jenis tanaman hias yang banyak diminati masyarakat karena memiliki warna daun yang beragam dan memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa flavonoid, fenolik, triterpenoid, steroid dan alkaloid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antikolesterol pada daun puring secara in vitro. Metode yang digunakan secara in vitro dengan pereaksi Lieberman-Burchad menggunakan alat pengukur spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 665,0 nm. Seri konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 100; 200; 300; 400 dan 500 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada konsentrasi 500 ppm dapat menurun kadar kolesterol sebesar 52,20% dan nilai EC50 yang didapatkan sebesar 449,87 µg/mL. Peningkatan setiap konsentrasi ekstrak menunjukan peningkatan persen penurunan kadar kolesterol.Kata kunci: daun puring; kolesterol; Lieberman-burchard