bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hot Metal Temperature Prediction at Basic-Lined Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Converter Using IR Thermometry and Forecasting Techniques
Authors: Díaz José , Fernández Francisco Javier , Suárez Inés
Published: August 2019

In oxygen steelmaking, the charge calculation strongly depends on hot metal temperature prediction. Although a hot metal temperature drop from the blast furnace in a steel plant may be too complex to be accurately modeled in detail, the combined use of sensors and statistical models can improve temperature estimation and result in better cost, quality and productivity, as well as lower emissions. In order to develop a simple but robust method for hot metal temperature forecasting, the suitability of infrared thermometry and time series forecasting has been studied. Simultaneous infrared thermometer measurement and video recording was used for designing the processing of the thermometer signal. The resulting temperature estimations are in good agreement with disposable thermocouple measurements giving an error of 11 °C with 60% reliability (chances of obtaining a successful output). Conversely, the time series approach was based mainly on the AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model in which five additional process variables were introduced as exogenous predictors, as well as using a moving window of past observations for continuous model training. The resulting error was 15 °C with more than 90% reliability. Combining measuring and modeling approaches reduced the error to 13 °C with 100% reliability, thereby providing a hybrid procedure that has long-term stability and is self-adaptive to varying production scenarios.
Seasonal COP of an Air-to-Water Heat Pump when Using Predictive Control Preferring Power Production from Renewable Sources in the Czech Republic
Authors: Pospíšil Jiří , Špiláček Michal , Charvát Pavel
Published: August 2019

The paper presents a parametric study evaluating the effects of various predictive controls on the operating parameters of heat pumps. The heat pump represents a significant power appliance in the residential sector. Its connection to the heat accumulator creates a system with considerable potential to control electricity consumption according to the needs of the electricity grid. The air-water heat pump is considered in this study. A predictive control is used for priority operation of the heat pump at periods of peak power production from renewable sources. The following were tested as the parameters of predictive control: outdoor air temperature, photovoltaic power production and wind power production. The combination of photovoltaic and wind power production was also tested. A parametric analysis considering different sizes for the thermal accumulator and the heating capacity of the heat pump were proposed. The benefits of predictive control are evaluated based on historical records of meteorological data from 2015 to 2018 in the city of Brno, Czech Republic. The data on the historical development of the real electrical energy production from renewable sources in the Czech Republic are used for regulation control in a monitored period. The main comparison parameter is the heat pump seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP). From the carried out study results, an increase in SCOP by 14% was identified for priority operation of heat pump (HP) at periods with highest outdoor air temperature. Priority operation of HP at periods with peak photovoltaic (PV) production increased SCOP by 10.25%. A decrease in SCOP only occurred in case with priority operation of HP at peak production of wind power plants. Increasing the size of the accumulator contributes to an increase in SCOP in all assessed modifications of predictive control.
Extraction of Partial Discharge Pulses from the Complex Noisy Signals of Power Cables Based on CEEMDAN and Wavelet Packet
Authors: Sun Kang , Zhang Jing , Shi Wenwen , Guo Jingdie
Published: August 2019

While both periodic narrowband noise and white noise are significant sources of interference in the detection and localization of partial discharge (PD) signals in power cables, existing research has focused nearly exclusively on white noise suppression. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a new signal extraction method for effectively detecting random PD signals in power cables subject to complex noise environments involving both white noise and periodic narrowband noise. Firstly, the power cable signal was decomposed using complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), and the periodic narrowband noise and frequency aliasing in the obtained signal components were suppressed using singular value decomposition. Then, signal components contributing significantly to the PD signal were determined according to the cross-correlation coefficient between each component and the original PD signal, and the PD signal was reconstructed solely from the obtained significant components. Finally, the wavelet packet threshold method was used to filter out residual white noise in the reconstructed PD signal. The performance of the proposed algorithm was demonstrated by its application to synthesized PD signals with complex noise environments composed of both Gaussian white noise and periodic narrowband noise. In addition, the time-varying kurtosis method was demonstrated to accurately determine the PD signal arrival time when applied to PD signals extracted by the proposed method from synthesized signals in complex noise environments with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values as low as −6 dB. When the SNR was reduced to −23 dB, the arrival time error of the PD signal was only one sampling point.
Habitability of Mars: How Welcoming Are the Surface and Subsurface to Life on the Red Planet?
Authors: Checinska Sielaff Aleksandra , Smith Stephanie A.
Published: August 2019

Mars is a planet of great interest in the search for signatures of past or present life beyond Earth. The years of research, and more advanced instrumentation, have yielded a lot of evidence which may be considered by the scientific community as proof of past or present habitability of Mars. Recent discoveries including seasonal methane releases and a subglacial lake are exciting, yet challenging findings. Concurrently, laboratory and environmental studies on the limits of microbial life in extreme environments on Earth broaden our knowledge of the possibility of Mars habitability. In this review, we aim to: (1) Discuss the characteristics of the Martian surface and subsurface that may be conducive to habitability either in the past or at present; (2) discuss laboratory-based studies on Earth that provide us with discoveries on the limits of life; and (3) summarize the current state of knowledge in terms of direction for future research.
Determining Shrinkage Cracks Based on the Small-Strain Shear Modulus–Suction Relationship
Authors: Shrestha Avishek , Jotisankasa Apiniti , Chaiprakaikeow Susit , Pramusandi Sony , Soralump Suttisak , Nishimura Satoshi
Published: August 2019

This research aims to propose the use of spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) tests along with in-situ suction measurements for non-destructive determination of shrinkage cracks. The underlying principle behind this proposed method is that, while suction and the small-strain shear modulus are positively correlated for intact samples, this is not the case for cracked ground. A series of SASW tests were performed on a clay embankment at different periods, during which the suction, modulus, and shrinkage crack depth varied seasonally. The soil water retention curve (SWRC) of the undisturbed sample collected from the cracked zone was determined, which related the suction-to-moisture content and void ratio of the soil. A free-free resonant frequency (FFR) test in the lab was conducted to determine the small-strain shear modulus (G0) at various moisture contents. The small-strain moduli from the SASW tests on the intact ground were generally higher than those from the FFR tests due to the effect of confining stress. A drop in the small-strain modulus determined using the SASW test was observed as an increase in suction-induced cracks and it relieved the horizontal stress. The crack depth measured in the field was then modelled using a semi-empirical procedure that can be used to predict crack depth relative to suction.
On the Significance of Salt Modelling—Example from Modelling of Salt Tectonics, Temperature and Maturity Around Salt Structures in Southern North Sea
Authors: Grunnaleite Ivar , Mosbron Arve
Published: August 2019

Salt structures are attractive targets for hydrocarbon exploration. Salt can flow as a viscous fluid, act as hydrocarbon seal, and salt-related deformation may create reservoir traps. The high conductivity of salt can be crucial for hydrocarbon maturation in a basin. Here, we present results from the study of salt structures on the Eastern flank of Central Graben, on the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. By using our in-house basin modeling software (BMTTM), we modelled the salt structure evolution and the effects of salt on temperature and maturation. Our results show up to 85 °C cooling due to the salt heat pipe effect. An integrated impact of cooling is the depression of vitrinite Ro by up to 1.0% at the base of a large salt balloon. Our work shows that it is of critical importance to correctly identify salt volumes and to have a good geological model, and to understand the timing and geometrical evolution of salt structures. This study is, to our knowledge, the most specific analysis of the impact of salt on basin temperature and maturation published so far, and is an example of how basin modeling in the future should be an integrated part of exploration.
A-DInSAR Performance for Updating Landslide Inventory in Mountain Areas: An Example from Lombardy Region (Italy)
Authors: Antonielli Benedetta , Mazzanti Paolo , Rocca Alfredo , Bozzano Francesca , Dei Cas Luca
Published: August 2019

This work focuses on the capabilities and limitations of the Advanced Satellite SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Interferometry (A-DInSAR) in wooded and mountainous regions, with the aim to get insights on the performances for studying slow-moving landslides. The considered critical issues are related to the SAR acquisition geometries (angle of incidence of the satellite line of sight, ascending and descending geometries) and to the physical and morphological features of the slopes (land use, aspect and slope angles), which influence the measuring points coverage. 26 areas in Lombardy Region (Italy), affected by known slope instability phenomena, have been analyzed through A-DInSAR technique, using COSMO-SkyMed images. The results allowed to outline general considerations about the effectiveness of A-DInSAR analysis of a single dataset (descending or ascending dataset), selected accordingly to the aspect of the slopes. Moreover, we aimed to quantitatively describe the capability to update the state of activity of several previously mapped landslides using satellite SAR Interferometry results. Although in a wooded and mountainous region, where the chances of retrieving radar targets for satellite SAR analysis are generally low, the A-DInSAR results have allowed to detect landslides’ reactivations or new landslides and to update the inventory for about 70% of the investigated areas.
Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron and Chitosan Functionalized Eichhornia crassipes Biochar for Efficient Hexavalent Chromium Removal
Authors: Chen Xue-Li , Li Feng , Xie Xiao Jie , Li Zhi , Chen Long
Published: August 2019

Sorption is widely used for the removal of toxic heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions. Green sorbents prepared from biomass are attractive, because they leverage the value of waste biomass and reduce the overall cost of water treatment. In this study, we fabricated biochar (BC) adsorbent from the biomass of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), an invasive species in many river channels. Pristine BC was further modified with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and stabilized with chitosan (C) to form C–nZVI–BC. C–nZVI–BC adsorbent showed high hexavalent chromium sorption capacity (82.2 mg/g) at pH 2 and removed 97.34% of 50 mg/L Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The sorption capacity of chitosan–nZVI-modified biochar decreased while increasing the solution pH value and ionic strength. The results of a sorption test indicated that multiple mechanisms accounted for Cr(VI) removal by C–nZVI–BC, including complexation, precipitation, electrostatic interactions, and reduction. Our study suggests a way of adding value to biomass waste by considering environmental treatment purposes.
Adapted Rules for UML Modelling of Geospatial Information for Model-Driven Implementation as OWL Ontologies
Authors: Jetlund Knut , Onstein Erling , Huang Lizhen
Published: August 2019

This study aims to improve the implementation of models of geospatial information in Web Ontology Language (OWL). Large amounts of geospatial information are maintained in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on models according to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and standards from ISO/TC 211 and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Sharing models and geospatial information in the Semantic Web will increase the usability and value of models and information, as well as enable linking with spatial and non-spatial information from other domains. Methods for conversion from UML to OWL for basic concepts used in models of geospatial information have been studied and evaluated. Primary conversion challenges have been identified with specific attention to whether adapted rules for UML modelling could contribute to improved conversions. Results indicated that restrictions related to abstract classes, unions, compositions and code lists in UML are challenging in the Open World Assumption (OWA) on which OWL is based. Two conversion challenges are addressed by adding more semantics to UML models: global properties and reuse of external concepts. The proposed solution is formalized in a UML profile supported by rules and recommendations and demonstrated with a UML model based on the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) standard ISO 14825 Geographic Data Files (GDF). The scope of the resulting ontology will determine to what degree the restrictions shall be maintained in OWL, and different conversion methods are needed for different scopes.
Short-Term Prediction of Bus Passenger Flow Based on a Hybrid Optimized LSTM Network
Authors: Han Yong , Wang Cheng , Ren Yibin , Wang Shukang , Zheng Huangcheng , Chen Ge
Published: August 2019

The accurate prediction of bus passenger flow is the key to public transport management and the smart city. A long short-term memory network, a deep learning method for modeling sequences, is an efficient way to capture the time dependency of passenger flow. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have sought to apply the LSTM model to passenger flow prediction. However, few of them pay attention to the optimization procedure during model training. In this article, we propose a hybrid, optimized LSTM network based on Nesterov accelerated adaptive moment estimation (Nadam) and the stochastic gradient descent algorithm (SGD). This method trains the model with high efficiency and accuracy, solving the problems of inefficient training and misconvergence that exist in complex models. We employ a hybrid optimized LSTM network to predict the actual passenger flow in Qingdao, China and compare the prediction results with those obtained by non-hybrid LSTM models and conventional methods. In particular, the proposed model brings about a 4%–20% extra performance improvements compared with those of non-hybrid LSTM models. We have also tried combinations of other optimization algorithms and applications in different models, finding that optimizing LSTM by switching Nadam to SGD is the best choice. The sensitivity of the model to its parameters is also explored, which provides guidance for applying this model to bus passenger flow data modelling. The good performance of the proposed model in different temporal and spatial scales shows that it is more robust and effective, which can provide insightful support and guidance for dynamic bus scheduling and regional coordination scheduling.
Application of Remote Sensing Data for Evaluation of Rockfall Potential within a Quarry Slope
Authors: Robiati Carlo , Eyre Matt , Vanneschi Claudio , Francioni Mirko , Venn Adam , Coggan John
Published: August 2019

In recent years data acquisition from remote sensing has become readily available to the quarry sector. This study demonstrates how such data may be used to evaluate and back analyse rockfall potential of a legacy slope in a blocky rock mass. Use of data obtained from several aerial LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and photogrammetric campaigns taken over a number of years (2011 to date) provides evidence for potential rockfall evolution from a slope within an active quarry operation in Cornwall, UK. Further investigation, through analysis of point cloud data obtained from terrestrial laser scanning, was undertaken to characterise the orientation of discontinuities present within the rock slope. Aerial and terrestrial LiDAR data were subsequently used for kinematic analysis, production of surface topography models and rockfall trajectory analyses using both 2D and 3D numerical simulations. The results of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based 3D photogrammetric analysis enabled the reconstruction of high resolution topography, allowing one to not only determine geometrical properties of the slope surface and geo-mechanical characterisation but provide data for validation of numerical simulations. The analysis undertaken shows the effectiveness of the existing rockfall barrier, while demonstrating how photogrammetric data can be used to inform back analyses of the underlying failure mechanism and investigate potential runout.
The Effects of Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonism on Glucagon Secretion—A Review
Authors: Mathiesen David S. , Bagger Jonatan I. , Bergmann Natasha C. , Lund Asger , Christensen Mikkel B. , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K.
Published: August 2019

The gut-derived incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are secreted after meal ingestion and work in concert to promote postprandial insulin secretion. Furthermore, GLP-1 inhibits glucagon secretion when plasma glucose concentrations are above normal fasting concentrations while GIP acts glucagonotropically at low glucose levels. A dual incretin receptor agonist designed to co-activate GLP-1 and GIP receptors was recently shown to elicit robust improvements of glycemic control (mean haemoglobin A1c reduction of 1.94%) and massive body weight loss (mean weight loss of 11.3 kg) after 26 weeks of treatment with the highest dose (15 mg once weekly) in a clinical trial including overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which the two incretins modulate alpha cell secretion of glucagon, review the effects of co-administration of GLP-1 and GIP on glucagon secretion, and discuss the potential role of glucagon in the therapeutic effects observed with novel unimolecular dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists. For clinicians and researchers, this manuscript offers an understanding of incretin physiology and pharmacology, and provides mechanistic insight into future antidiabetic and obesity treatments.
Mice Exposed to Combined Chronic Low-Dose Irradiation and Modeled Microgravity Develop Long-Term Neurological Sequelae
Authors: Overbey Eliah G. , Paul Amber M. , da Silveira Willian A. , Tahimic Candice G.T. , Reinsch Sigrid S. , Szewczyk Nathaniel , Stanbouly Seta , Wang Charles , Galazka Jonathan M. , Mao Xiao Wen
Published: August 2019

Spaceflight poses many challenges for humans. Ground-based analogs typically focus on single parameters of spaceflight and their associated acute effects. This study assesses the long-term transcriptional effects following single and combination spaceflight analog conditions using the mouse model: simulated microgravity via hindlimb unloading (HLU) and/or low-dose γ-ray irradiation (LDR) for 21 days, followed by 4 months of readaptation. Changes in gene expression and epigenetic modifications in brain samples during readaptation were analyzed by whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq) and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). The results showed minimal gene expression and cytosine methylation alterations at 4 months readaptation within single treatment conditions of HLU or LDR. In contrast, following combined HLU+LDR, gene expression and promoter methylation analyses showed multiple altered pathways involved in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, the regulation of neuropeptides, and cellular signaling. In brief, neurological readaptation following combined chronic LDR and HLU is a dynamic process that involves pathways that regulate neuronal function and structure and may lead to late onset neurological sequelae.
Systematic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Maize ZmbZIP Genes between Drought and Rewatering Transcriptome Reveals bZIP Family Members Involved in Abiotic Stress Responses
Authors: Cao Liru , Lu Xiaomin , Zhang Pengyu , Wang Guorui , Wei Li , Wang Tongchao
Published: August 2019

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family of transcription factors (TFs) regulate diverse phenomena during plant growth and development and are involved in stress responses and hormone signaling. However, only a few bZIPs have been functionally characterized. In this paper, 54 maize bZIP genes were screened from previously published drought and rewatering transcriptomes. These genes were divided into nine groups in a phylogenetic analysis, supported by motif and intron/exon analyses. The 54 genes were unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes and contained 18 segmental duplications, suggesting that segmental duplication events have contributed to the expansion of the maize bZIP family. Spatio-temporal expression analyses showed that bZIP genes are widely expressed during maize development. We identified 10 core ZmbZIPs involved in protein transport, transcriptional regulation, and cellular metabolism by principal component analysis, gene co-expression network analysis, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. In addition, 15 potential stress-responsive ZmbZIPs were identified by expression analyses. Localization analyses showed that ZmbZIP17, -33, -42, and -45 are nuclear proteins. These results provide the basis for future functional genomic studies on bZIP TFs in maize and identify candidate genes with potential applications in breeding/genetic engineering for increased stress resistance. These data represent a high-quality molecular resource for selecting resistant breeding materials.
Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Hydrophilic Saffron Extract in a Model of Glaucoma
Authors: Fernández-Albarral Jose A. , Ramírez Ana I. , de Hoz Rosa , López-Villarín Nerea , Salobrar-García Elena , López-Cuenca Inés , Licastro Ester , Inarejos-García Antonio M. , Almodóvar Paula , Pinazo-Durán Maria D. , Ramírez José M. , Salazar Juan J.
Published: August 2019

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). An increase in the intraocular pressure is the principal risk factor for such loss, but controlling this pressure does not always prevent glaucomatous damage. Activation of immune cells resident in the retina (microglia) may contribute to RGC death. Thus, a substance with anti-inflammatory activity may protect against RGC degeneration. This study investigated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a hydrophilic saffron extract standardized to 3% crocin content in a mouse model of unilateral, laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). Treatment with saffron extract decreased microglion numbers and morphological signs of their activation, including soma size and process retraction, both in OHT and in contralateral eyes. Saffron extract treatment also partially reversed OHT-induced down-regulation of P2RY12. In addition, the extract prevented retinal ganglion cell death in OHT eyes. Oral administration of saffron extract was able to decrease the neuroinflammation associated with increased intraocular pressure, preventing retinal ganglion cell death. Our findings indicate that saffron extract may exert a protective effect in glaucomatous pathology.
Breaking the MDS-PIR Capacity Barrier via Joint Storage Coding
Authors: Sun Hua , Tian Chao
Published: August 2019

The capacity of private information retrieval (PIR) from databases coded using maximum distance separable (MDS) codes was previously characterized by Banawan and Ulukus, where it was assumed that the messages are encoded and stored separably in the databases. This assumption was also usually made in other related works in the literature, and this capacity is usually referred to as the MDS-PIR capacity colloquially. In this work, we considered the question of if and when this capacity barrier can be broken through joint encoding and storing of the messages. Our main results are two classes of novel code constructions, which allow joint encoding, as well as the corresponding PIR protocols, which indeed outperformed the separate MDS-coded systems. Moreover, we show that a simple, but novel expansion technique allows us to generalize these two classes of codes, resulting in a wider range of the cases where this capacity barrier can be broken.
Expression Patterns, Molecular Characterization, and Response to Host Stress of CYP Genes from Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Xi Lingyu , Liu Dan , Ma Lei , Zhang Ying , Sheng Ruirui , Zhang Shaobing , Dang Xiangli , Li Guiting , Miao Yong , Jiang Junqi
Published: August 2019

The quarantine insect pest Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has a broad host range and is distributed worldwide. Each year, P. solenopsis causes significant crop losses. The detoxification of various xenobiotic compounds involves the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) superfamily of enzymes. However, the functions of CYPs in P. solenopsis are poorly understood. In the present study, P. solenopsis was reared from the egg to the adult stage on three host plants: Tomato, cotton, and hibiscus. Thirty-seven P. solenopsis CYP genes were identified and their phylogenetic relationships were analyzed. Eleven CYP genes (PsCYP4NT1, PsCYP4G219, PsCYP6PZ1, PsCYP6PZ5, PsCYP301B1, PsCYP302A1, PsCYP305A22, PsCYP315A1, PsCYP353F1, PsCYP3634A1, and PsCYP3635A2) were selected for quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The results demonstrated marked differences in CYP expression levels in P. solenopsis grown on different host plants. The results will aid the molecular characterization of CYPs and will increase our understanding of CYP expression patterns in P. solenopsis during development and growth on different hosts.
Body Weight Effects on Extra-Osseous Subtalar Arthroereisis
Authors: Hsieh Chiun-Hua , Lee Chia-Che , Tseng Tzu-Hao , Wu Kuan-Wen , Chang Jia-Feng , Wang Ting-Ming
Published: August 2019

Implant extrusion in subtalar arthroereisis is a common complication for pediatric flexible flatfoot. However, there were a limited number of articles addressing the body weight effects on implant extrusion after the procedure. We conducted a 24-month follow-up assessment after subtalar arthroereisis. Surgical patients who underwent the Vulpius procedure were retrospectively collected from May 2010 to January 2017, including 59 cases of both feet having implants in situ and 43 cases of both feet having implant extrusion. The average age of 102 patients was 9 years old. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the implant in situ group was 19.5, whilst the extrusion group was 21.2 (p = 0.035). The inter-observer correlation was excellent. There were 11 cases (39.3%) of bilateral extrusion in the overweight group (BMI ≥ 24) and 13 cases (23.2%) in the low body weight group (BMI ≤ 18.5) (p < 0.0004). Postoperative radiographic angles were corrected in both the implant in situ group and the extrusion group. Nonetheless, the implant in situ group revealed better postoperative outcomes of Meary’s angle and the talonavicular angle from an anterior-posterior view, and the talar inclination angle from a lateral view. We conclude that a higher BMI is related to implant extrusion and worse results after subtalar arthroereisis. Further prospective study to investigate whether preoperative weight loss results in improved surgical outcomes is warranted in the future.
The Enhanced Adhesion of Eosinophils Is Associated with Their Prolonged Viability and Pro-Proliferative Effect in Asthma
Authors: Januskevicius Andrius , Janulaityte Ieva , Kalinauskaite-Zukauske Virginija , Gosens Reinoud , Malakauskas Kestutis
Published: August 2019

Before eosinophils migrate into the bronchial lumen, they promote airway structural changes after contact with pulmonary cells and extracellular matrix components. We aimed to investigate the impact of eosinophil adhesion to their viability and pro-proliferative effect on airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and pulmonary fibroblasts during different asthma phenotypes. A total of 39 individuals were included: 14 steroid-free non-severe allergic asthma (AA) patients, 10 severe non-allergic eosinophilic asthma (SNEA) patients, and 15 healthy control subjects (HS). For AA patients and HS groups, a bronchial allergen challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronysinnus was performed. Individual combined cells cultures were prepared between isolated peripheral blood eosinophils and ASM cells or pulmonary fibroblasts. Eosinophil adhesion was measured by evaluating their peroxidase activity, cell viability was performed by annexin V and propidium iodide staining, and proliferation by Alamar blue assay. We found that increased adhesion of eosinophils was associated with prolonged viability (p < 0.05) and an enhanced pro-proliferative effect on ASM cells and pulmonary fibroblasts in asthma (p < 0.05). However, eosinophils from SNEA patients demonstrated higher viability and inhibition of pulmonary structural cell apoptosis, compared to the AA group (p < 0.05), while their adhesive and pro-proliferative properties were similar. Finally, in the AA group, in vivo allergen-activated eosinophils demonstrated a higher adhesion, viability, and pro-proliferative effect on pulmonary structural cells compared to non-activated eosinophils (p < 0.05).
The Prognosis Value of PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Li Weiyao , Martinez-Useros Javier , Garcia-Carbonero Nuria , Fernandez-Aceñero Maria J. , Ortega-Medina Luis , Garcia-Botella Sandra , Perez-Aguirre Elia , Diez-Valladares Luis , Garcia-Foncillas Jesus
Published: August 2019

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive manifestation of cancer, and currently presents poor clinical outcome due to its late diagnosis with metastasic disease. Surgery is the only approach with a curative intend; however, the survival rates seen in this type of patient are still low. After surgery, there is a lack of predictive prognosis biomarkers to predict treatment response and survival to establish a personalized medicine. Human P-element-induced wimpy testis 1 (PIWIL1) and P-element-induced wimpy testis 2 (PIWIL2) proteins act as protectors of germline, and their aberrant expression has been described in several types of tumors. In this study, we aimed to assess an association between PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 expression and the prognosis of biliopancreatic cancer patients. For this, we analyzed protein expression in complete resected tumor samples, and found a significant association between PIWIL2 expression and both progression-free and overall survival (p = 0.036 and p = 0.012, respectively). However, PIWIL2 expression was significantly associated with progression-free survival (p = 0.029), and overall survival (p = 0.025) of such tumors originated in the pancreas, but not in the bile duct or ampulla of Vater. Further analysis revealed that PIWIL1 and PIWIL2, at both mRNA and protein expression levels, correlated positively with factors associated to the progenitor molecular subtype of pancreatic cancer. Based on these findings, PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 expression may be considered a potential prognostic biomarker for resectable pancreatic cancer and may serve to guide subsequent adjuvant treatment decisions.
Does Age Influence the Outcome of Lower Limb Non-Union Treatment? A Matched Pair Analysis
Authors: Tanner Michael , Vlachopoulos Wasilios , Findeisen Sebastian , Miska Matthias , Ober Julian , Hagelskamp Saskia , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Haubruck Patrick
Published: August 2019

Background: Fractures in elderly patients are common and have severe implications on a socioeconomic level, as musculoskeletal integrity and competence is crucial for independence. Changes in both composition and biology of bones during aging potentially affect fracture healing adversely. The current study sought to determine the influence of age on the outcome of non-union therapy of atrophic and hypertrophic non-unions based on the “diamond concept”, as well as to evaluate the well-known risk factors impairing bone healing. Patients and Methods: All medical records, operative notes, lab data, and radiological imaging of patients that received surgical treatment of both atrophic and hypertrophic non-unions of the femur or tibia between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016 were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. Patients who participated in our standardized follow-up for at least 12 months were included into a database. Patients older than 60 years were matched with patients younger than 60 based on five established criteria. The study was approved by the local ethics committee (S-262/2017). According to our inclusion criteria, a total of 76 patients older than 60 years were eligible for analysis. Via matching, two groups were formed: study group (SG; >60 years; n = 45) and control group (CG; <60 years; n = 45). Results: Twelve months subsequent to treatment, the consolidation rate was equivalent in both groups (SG: 71% vs. CG: 67%). The consolidation for all patients before matching was 73%. The clinical results for the complete collective were no pain or pain with high or medium strain for 62.5%, whereas 29.6% had pain with low strain or constant pain. 7.87% had no pain levels given. Logistic regression modeling showed no influence of age >60 years on radiological or clinical outcome, whereas a significant negative correlation was revealed between patients aged 40–49 years and radiological non-union consolidation (b = −1.145 and p = 0.048). In addition, diabetes had a negative influence on non-union therapy (b = −1.145 and p = 0.048). As expected, the clinical outcome correlated significantly with the radiological outcome (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Surgeons should optimize both modifiable risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, as well as surgical treatment in order to achieve the best possible outcome in elderly patients. Elderly patients benefit from osseous consolidation by enabling and maintaining musculoskeletal competence due to the close correlation between clinical and radiological outcome. Advanced age alone does not negatively influence the outcome of non-union therapy and should, therefore, not be considered a risk factor. In contrast, patients in their fifth decade suffering from lower limb non-unions should be considered as high-risk patients and treatment should be modified accordingly.
Optimal Thyrotropin Suppression Therapy in Low-Risk Thyroid Cancer Patients after Lobectomy
Authors: Lee Yu-Mi , Jeon Min Ji , Kim Won Woong , Sung Tae-Yon , Chung Ki-Wook , Shong Young Kee , Hong Suck Joon
Published: August 2019

Background: This study aimed to identify the clinical results after thyrotropin suppression therapy (TST) cessation and evaluated clinical factors associated with successful TST cessation. Methods: Patients who underwent lobectomy due to low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were included in this study. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients who succeeded to stop TST and failed to stop TST. Results: A total of 363 patients were included in the study. One hundred and ninety-three patients (53.2%, 193/363) succeeded to stop TST. The independent associated factors for successful TST cessation were the preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level and the maintenance period of TST. Patients with low TSH level showed a higher success rate for levothyroxine (LT4) cessation than patients with high TSH level (1.79 ± 1.08 and 2.76 ± 1.82 mU/L, p < 0.001). Patients who failed to discontinue TST showed a longer maintenance period of TST than patients who succeeded to discontinue TST (54.09 ± 17.44 and 37.58 ± 17.68 months, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Preoperative TSH level and maintenance period of TST are important factors for successful cessation of TST. If TST cessation is planned for patients who are taking LT4 after lobectomy, a higher success rate of TST cessation is expected with low preoperative TSH level and early cessation of LT4.
On the Cleanliness of Different Oral Implant Systems: A Pilot Study
Authors: Duddeck Dirk U. , Albrektsson Tomas , Wennerberg Ann , Larsson Christel , Beuer Florian
Published: August 2019

(1) Background: This paper aimed to compare the cleanliness of clinically well-documented implant systems with implants providing very similar designs. The hypothesis was that three well-established implant systems from Dentsply Implants, Straumann, and Nobel Biocare were not only produced with a higher level of surface cleanliness but also provided significantly more comprehensive published clinical documentation than their correspondent look-alike implants from Cumdente, Bioconcept, and Biodenta, which show similar geometry and surface structure. (2) Methods: Implants were analyzed using SEM imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to determine the elemental composition of potential impurities. A search for clinical trials was carried out in the PubMed database and by reaching out to the corresponding manufacturer. (3) Results: In comparison to their corresponding look-alikes, all implants of the original manufacturers showed—within the scope of this analysis—a surface free of foreign materials and reliable clinical documentation, while the SEM analysis revealed significant impurities on all look-alike implants such as organic residues and unintended metal particles of iron or aluminum. Other than case reports, the look-alike implant manufacturers provided no reports of clinical documentation. (4) Conclusions: In contrast to the original implants of market-leading manufacturers, the analyzed look-alike implants showed significant impurities, underlining the need for periodic reviews of sterile packaged medical devices and their clinical documentation.
High Concentration of Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase in Older Underweight People: Results of the Kanagawa Investigation of the Total Check-Up Data from the National Database-2 (KITCHEN-2)
Authors: Shibata Michi , Nakajima Kei , Higuchi Ryoko , Iwane Taizo , Sugiyama Michiko , Nakamura Teiji
Published: August 2019

Background: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is pivotal in amino acid metabolism. However, the serum activity of AST, which leaks from multiple organs, including liver and skeletal muscle, is unknown in older underweight people, who are at high risk of skeletal muscle mass loss. Therefore, we measured the serum activities of AST and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a liver-specific transaminase, in a large, community-based cross-sectional study. Methods: Clinical parameters and lifestyles were characterized in 892,692 Japanese people with a wide range of body mass indexes (BMIs; 13–39.9 kg/m2), aged 40–74 years old, who were undergoing a medical checkup. A general linear model was used to calculate the estimated mean of serum AST (EM-AST) in each BMI category after adjustment for confounding factors, including past history of cardiovascular disease and waist circumference. Results: Severe underweight (BMI 13–14.9 kg/m2) was present in 910 subjects (0.1%). Raw serum AST showed a J-shaped relationship with BMI, which was blunted in older subjects (60–74 years), and similar, but less curved relationships were identified for raw serum ALT and gamma-glutamyl transferase. These J-shaped relationships in serum AST were not altered when subjects were classified by sex, past history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and habitual exercise. EM-AST showed a U-shaped relationship, with a minimum at BMI 21–22.9 kg/m2, regardless of age and waist circumference. Conclusions: High serum AST but normal serum ALT is highly prevalent in older underweight people and might reflect skeletal muscle pathology.
Next-Generation Sequencing Profiles of the Methylome and Transcriptome in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tseng Chia-Chun , Lin Yuan-Zhao , Lin Chia-Hui , Li Ruei-Nian , Yen Chang-Yi , Chan Hua-Chen , Tsai Wen-Chan , Ou Tsan-Teng , Wu Cheng-Chin , Sung Wan-Yu , Yen Jeng-Hsien
Published: August 2019

Using next-generation sequencing to decipher methylome and transcriptome and underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for improving future therapies, we performed methyl-seq and RNA-seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA subjects and normal donors. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed distinct methylation signatures in RA with methylation aberrations noted across chromosomes. Methylation alterations varied with CpG features and genic characteristics. Typically, CpG islands and CpG shores were hypermethylated and displayed the greatest methylation variance. Promoters were hypermethylated and enhancers/gene bodies were hypomethylated, with methylation variance associated with expression variance. RA genetically associated genes preferentially displayed differential methylation and differential expression or interacted with differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes. These differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes were enriched with several signaling pathways and disease categories. 10 genes (CD86, RAB20, XAF1, FOLR3, LTBR, KCNH8, DOK7, PDGFA, PITPNM2, CELSR1) with concomitantly differential methylation in enhancers/promoters/gene bodies and differential expression in B cells were validated. This integrated analysis of methylome and transcriptome identified novel epigenetic signatures associated with RA and highlighted the interaction between genetics and epigenetics in RA. These findings help our understanding of the pathogenesis of RA and advance epigenetic studies in regards to the disease.
Overview and Comparison of the IMO and the US Maritime Administration Ballast Water Management Regulations
Authors: Čampara Leo , Frančić Vlado , Maglić Lovro , Hasanspahić Nermin
Published: August 2019

Along with the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United States Maritime Administration has developed its own ballast water management legislation under the dual authority of the US Coast Guard and the Environmental Protection Agency. The IMO and US ballast water management regulations are globally recognized as the most significant and influential regimes. Complexity and certain regulatory differences pose considerable concern amongst all stakeholders in the shipping industry, predominantly ship owners and ship operators. This paper presents a conceptual study which overviews, emphasises, and compares key provisions of these two sets of regulations by targeting and unveiling significant points from their perspective since they represent the largest group of stakeholders. Therefore, the paper aims to support shipowners and operators in better understanding the Ballast Water Management regulations and their differences. In addition, the study may benefit in choosing an adequate ballast water treatment system to be installed onboard ships, considering the sea areas where ships intend to operate. Finally, the paper can also help policy makers understand those differences that could present a major barrier in the efficient and smooth ballast water management implementation.
Competition in the Indian Banking Sector: A Panel Data Approach
Authors: Li Zhiheng , Liu Shuangzhe , Meng Fanda , Sathye Milind
Published: August 2019

The paper aims to assess the level of competition in the Indian banking sector overall as well as within the three groups of banks: foreign owned, state owned (public sector), and privately owned. We use panel data for the period from 2005–2018. We found that the overall competition in the Indian banking sector is strong, although there are differences by type of bank ownership. The Indian banking market continues to be characterized by monopolistic competition. The various policy measures taken by the Indian government in recent years appear to have helped boost competition. A policy suggestion would be to further liberalize the banking sector for foreign investment.
Variation of Mechanical Characteristics of Polyurethane Foam: Effect of Test Method
Authors: Park Ki-Beom , Kim Hee-Tae , Her Nam-Yong , Lee Jae-Myung
Published: August 2019

Polyurethane foam (PUF), a representative insulation material, not only prevents heat conduction but can also support a load. Particular interest in rigid PUF proliferated over the past several years in fields where extreme environments are applied. A closed-cell structure which forms the interior of rigid PUF serves to maximize the utilization of these polymeric foams. Rigid PUF is more sensitive to external conditions such as temperature or restraint than other structural materials such as steel. Depending on the market trends in which utilization of a cryogenic environment is expanding, the tendency of material behavior resulting from the binding effect also needs to be investigated. However, most conventional compression test method standards applicable to rigid PUF do not adequately reflect the restraints. Therefore, this study proposes a method for evaluating the mechanical performance of materials in a more reliable manner than that of conventional tests. Experimental observation and analysis validated this compression evaluation method in which constraints are considered. Consequently, the compressive strength of rigid PUF compared to the results of the conventional test showed a difference of up to 0.47 MPa (approximately 23%) at cryogenic temperatures. This result suggests that there are important factors to consider when assessing performance from a material perspective in an environment where rigid PUF insulation is utilized. It is believed that the test methods newly proposed in this study will provide an experimental framework that can be applied to the evaluation criteria of material properties and reflected in structural design.
Strong Convergence of a New Generalized Viscosity Implicit Rule and Some Applications in Hilbert Space
Authors: Postolache Mihai , Nandal Ashish , Chugh Renu
Published: August 2019

In this paper, based on the very recent work by Nandal et al. (Nandal, A.; Chugh, R.; Postolache, M. Iteration process for fixed point problems and zeros of maximal monotone operators. Symmetry 2019, 11, 655.), we propose a new generalized viscosity implicit rule for finding a common element of the fixed point sets of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings and the sets of zeros of maximal monotone operators. Utilizing the main result, we first propose and investigate a new general system of generalized equilibrium problems, which includes several equilibrium and variational inequality problems as special cases, and then we derive an implicit iterative method to solve constrained multiple-set split convex feasibility problem. We further combine forward-backward splitting method and generalized viscosity implicit rule for solving monotone inclusion problem. Moreover, we apply the main result to solve convex minimization problem.