bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Securing Against Advanced Cyber Threats: A Comprehensive Guide to Phishing, XSS, and SQL Injection Defense
Authors: Nair Sunil Sukumaran
Published: January 2024

In an era dominated by digital connectivity, the proliferation of advanced cyber threats poses a formidable challenge to organizations worldwide. This comprehensive guide delves into the intricacies of safeguarding against three prevalent and insidious threats: Phishing, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and SQL Injection. The guide begins by dissecting the anatomy of phishing attacks, exploring the psychological tactics employed by threat actors to manipulate individuals into divulging sensitive information. It provides an in-depth analysis of various phishing techniques and offers practical strategies for both individuals and organizations to fortify their defenses against these deceptive practices. Moving on to XSS vulnerabilities, the guide elucidates the mechanics behind this web application threat. It offers a detailed exploration of how attackers exploit code injection to compromise user data and system integrity. The guide provides a robust framework for developing secure coding practices, implementing web application firewalls, and conducting regular security audits to detect and mitigate XSS vulnerabilities. The third facet of defense focuses on SQL injection, a persistent threat to database-driven applications. The guide elucidates the intricacies of SQL injection attacks, emphasizing the potential impact on data confidentiality and integrity. Practical measures for securing databases, input validation, and the use of parameterized queries are extensively discussed to empower organizations in safeguarding against SQL injection threats. Throughout the guide, a holistic approach to cybersecurity is advocated, emphasizing the integration of technological solutions, employee training, and proactive risk management. Real-world case studies and practical examples enrich the content, providing a valuable resource for security professionals, developers, and decision-makers striving to fortify their digital assets against the ever-evolving landscape of advanced cyber threats.
Application of Gibberellins in Melon Cultivation Based on Substrate Hydroponic System with Drip Fertigation
Authors: Susilo Eko , Muliawati Endang Setia , Pujiasmanto Bambang , Rahayu Muji , Supriyono Supriyono
Published: January 2024

Gibberellins are a group of plant hormones that play a role in regulating plant growth and development. This study aimed to determine the timing and concentration of gibberellin administration that is most effective in stimulating melon plants' vegetative and generative growth in a substrate hydroponic system using the drip fertigation method. This research was carried out from May to August 2023 in Kragilan Surakarta. This study was conducted using a one-factor Complete Randomized Design (RAL) that has seven levels based on the method of gibberellin application, namely Level 1: G0 without Gibberellin (Control). Level 2: G1 Gibberellin concentration 60 ppm sprayed on days 5, 10, and 15 hst. Level 3: G2 Gibberellin concentration 60 ppm sprayed on day 20,25,30 hst. Level 4: G3 Gibberellin concentration 80 ppm sprayed on day 20,25,30 hst. Level 5: G4 Gibberellin concentration 80 ppm sprayed on day 30,35,40 hst. Level 6: G5 Gibberellin concentration 100 ppm sprayed on day 30,35,40 hst. Level 7: G6 Gibberellin concentration 100 ppm sprayed on day 30,40,50 hst. The results showed that application of gibberellins with concentrations of 100 ppm at 30,40 and 50 days after planting (HST) resulted in significant differences in chlorophyll content of a+b (total) compared to applications of concentrations of 60 ppm, 80 ppm, and 100 ppm at different times. There was a significant difference in sweetness compared to applying GA3 at concentrations of 100 ppm at different times. The application of GA3 did not significantly affect chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, fruit diameter, fruit weight, root weight, and crush weight in melon plants based on Hydroponic systems using drip fertigation.
Catfish Cultivation with Application of Gravity System Pool Tarpaulin Drain for Fishery Group in Paya Bujok Seuleumak Village, Langsa City
Authors: Kartika Aprilia Putri  , Armanda Fahmy , Persada Andri Yusman , Febri Suri Purnama , Sari Herlina Putri Endah , Haser Teuku Fadlon , Syahriandi Syahriandi
Published: January 2024

Besarnya permintaan pasar akan konsumsi ikan lele menjadi tujuan utama dilakukannya budidaya ikan lele di Desa Paya Bujok Seuleumak guna meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat desa. Lokasi desa juga sangat mendukung untuk budidaya ikan karena lokasi yang tidak terlalu jauh dari kota dan masyarakatnya kreatif dalam berwirausaha. Adapun permasalahan yang sering dihadapi mitra ketika memasuki musim penghujan menyebabkan meningkatnya debit air sehingga menyebabkan luapan air kolam, selain itu sisa pakan ikan dan kotoran ikan juga dapat mengganggu kualitas air kolam. Dengan demikian banyak ikan yang keluar dari kolam dan banyaknya ikan yang mati sehingga dapat menyebabkan gagal panen. Solusi yang ditawarkan berupa penerapan gravity system pool tarpaulin drain yang dapat menjaga debit air kolam dan kualitas air kolam, sehingga dapat menjaga ikan tetap di kolam dan tetap sehat jika terjadi peningkatan debit air kolam. Target luaran yang akan dicapai berupa publikasi artikel di Jurnal Nasional, publikasi pada media masa online, publikasi pada media cetak, produk berupa alat gravity system pool tarpaulin drain dan HaKI. Selain luaran wajib, terdapat luaran tambahan berupa peningkatan produk hasil panen ikan serta peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat desa. Rencana kegiatan pengabdian terdiri dari koordinasi dengan mitra, sosialisasi, pelatihan penerapan gravity system pool tarpaulin drain, serta pendampingan dan monitoring mengenai kegiatan yang dilakukan.
Gemarikan and Fishery Product Diversification Training As Effort Of Reduce Stunting Prevalence
Authors: Detriani Hasti , Khairi Ikhsanul , Rizal Muhammad , Zuriat Zuriat , Hamidi Hamidi , Zuraidah Syarifah , Syahputra Fazril , Hermi Rudi , Ukhty Nabila , Rozi Anhar , Ikhwali Muhammad Faisi
Published: January 2024

Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak bayi dua tahun (Baduta) dampak dari kekurangan gizi kronis. Bayi mengalami stunting dicirikan dengan tinggi yang pendek dibandingkan bayi lain di usianya. Salah satu Kabupaten di Provinsi Aceh yang terjadi kasus stunting tinggi adalah Simuelue, dengan prevalensi mencapai 35,7% pada tahun 2017. Stunting dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor, salah satunya adalah gizi dan kualitas dari makanan yang dikonsumsi. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat akan diversifikasi produk olahan ikan serta meningkatan gemar makan ikan yang berkontribusi untuk mengurangi stunting. Kegiatan dilakukan dua tahapan. Pertama kampanye gemar makan ikan dengan metode sosialisasi. Kampanye diawali dengan sosialisai materi tentang manfaat makan ikan, dan mengenalkan jenis-jenis ikan. Kegiatan ini diakhiri dengan pembagian produk olahan daging ikan, yaitu nugget. Tahapan kedua adalah diversifikasi produk pengolahan dengan metode workshop. Workshop diawali dengan pemaparan langkah-langkah pembuatan produk, selanjutnya peserta dibagi kelompok dan melakukan pembuatan produk bersama kelompoknya. Di setiap tahapan kegiatan diberikan pre test dan post test. Hasil post test menunjukkan pemahaman produk diversifikasi dan gemarikan meningkat setelah dilakukan kegiatan ini
Mencegah Pemijahan Secara Tidak Terkontrol Dalam Pembesaran Ikan Nila Untuk Mempercepat Waktu Panen
Authors: Safir Muhammad , Serdiati Novalina , Nasmia Nasmia , Mansyur Kasim , Tahya Akbar Marzuki
Published: January 2024

Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) merupakan salah satu komoditas ikan air tawar yang ada di Indonesia. Ikan ini dalam pemeliharaannya seringkali melakukan pemijahan secara tidak terkontrol yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan terhambat, ukuran panen beragam, waktu panen menjadi lama untuk target produksi dengan ukuran >250 g/ekor. Penerapan seks reversal pada stadia larva (umur 1-2 minggu) dan penyortiran benih ikan nila (umur 1-2 bulan) adalah upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Meskipun demikian, secara umum masyarakat pembudidaya ikan nila yang berada di Desa Tulo Rantea, Kecamatan Dolo, Kabupaten Sigi, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah belum memahami secara detail tentang penerapan teknologi ini sehingga perlu adanya transfer pengetahuan dalam bentuk simulasi. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mempermudah masyarakat setempat dalam memahami dan menerapkan teknologi yang disampaikan guna membantu dalam peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat setempat. Simulasi metode seks reversal terhadap larva yang dilakukan menggunakan larutan madu dengan dosis 10 mL/L air. Sementara kegiatan simulasi penyortiran yang dilakukan menggunakan larutan metilen blue. Pelaksanaan kegiatan berjalan dengan lancar dan antusiasme masyarakat pembudidaya cukup tinggi. Kesimpulan transfer teknologi khususnya dalam mencegah pemijahan secara tidak terkontrol dalam pemeliharaan ikan nila yang bertujuan mempercepat waktu panen dalam bentuk simulasi tergolong efektif dilakukan, sehingga masyarakat mudah dalam memahami dan mengaplikasikan.
Utilization of Mustard Vegetable Waste (Brassica juncea, L) as Organic Liquid Fertilizer (POC) in Gampong Lamceu, Kuta Baru District, Aceh Besar
Authors: Sri Agustina  , Ika Rezvani Aprita  , Irhami  , Chairil Anwar  , Endiyani  , Umar HA  , Suraiya Nazlia  , Suri Purnama Febri
Published: January 2024

Peningkatan jumlah limbah rumah tangga seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk di suatu kawasan menjadi permasalahan utama di tengah masyarakat. Limbah sisa sayuran merupakan penyumbang terbesar bagi limbah rumah tangga.  Pengolahan limbah sisa sayuran menjadi pupuk organik cair menjadi salah satu solusi bagi permasalahan tersebut. Desa Lamceu yang terletak di Kecamatan Kuta Baro Kabupaten Aceh Besar yang memiliki jumlah penduduk yang banyak, serta  sebagian besar penduduknya bermata pencaharian sebagai petani. Hal tersebut yang menjadi dasar pemilihan lokasi kegiatan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. Tim rombongan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) yang terdiri dari beberapa orang dosen yang dibantu oleh beberapa mahasiswa melakukan survei dan analisis situasi pada desa tersebut sehingga permasalahan di desa tersebut dapat diidentifikasi. Hasil survei menunjukkan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat, yaitu rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pengolahan limbah rumah tangga khususnya limbah sisa sayuran. Solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat adalah dengan memberi pengetahuan proses pembuatan pupuk organik cair (POC) dari limbah sayur sawi. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mensosialisasikan kepada masyarakat agar mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan melalui  pengolahan limbah sayur sawi sebagai bahan dasar untuk pembuatan pupuk organik Cair (POC) di desa Lamceu. Hasil dari  kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah masyarakat telah mengerti dan mengetahui  proses pembuatan pupuk organik cair dari  limbah sayur sawi serta mampu mempraktekkannya sehingga dapat diaplikasikan sebagai pupuk bagi tanaman di pekarangan rumah maupun di lahan pertanian.

 

Kata kunci: Aceh Besar; Lamceu; Limbah: Pupuk Organik Cair; Sawi; .
Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Training to Improve the Community Economy in The Village Of Suka Jadi Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Indra Siti Balqies , Hanisah Hanisah , Rozalina Rozalina , Fadly Fahmy , Febri Suri Purnama , Haser Teuku Fadlon , Aprita Ika Rezvani , Radhiah Radhiah
Published: January 2024

Livelihood diversification is a strategy to reduce the dependence of a person or group on one particular type of livelihood. This is done by developing various types of businesses or different economic activities, so that the source of income does not only come from the same source. This service aims to increase the income of rice farmers through cultivating oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and reducing the risk of greater losses if failure occurs when cultivating organic rice. This service was carried out in Suka Jadi Village, Banda Mulia, Aceh Tamiang in August 2023. This service included focus group discussions (FGD) with partners, education, and continued with making kumbung, making baglog and caring for oyster mushrooms. After this service is completed, it is hoped that partners will have new skills and businesses to improve the community's economy.
Training on Making Biopesticide Made from Daun Belimbing Wuluh at the Women's Farming Group “Nanas Madu” Desa Buket Meutuah Kota Langsa
Authors: Juanda Boy Riza , Iswahyudi  , Iwan Saputra
Published: January 2024

Mayoritas petani di Indonesia masih menggunakan pestisida kimia untuk menangani hama dan penyakit pada komoditas yang mereka tanam. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif biopestisida yang ramah lingkungan diantaranya adalah daun belimbing wuluh. ketersedian yang banyak dan kemudahan untuk mendapatkan daun belimbing wuluh terutama di Aceh secara umum dan di Kota Langsa secara khusus menjadikan potensi tersendiri untuk dijadikan biopestisida yang dapat digunakan oleh petani di Kota Langsa terutama bagi petani sayur- sayuran.

Kelompok tani yang menjadi mitra dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) “Nanas Madu”. KWT “Nanas Madu”. Berdasarkan survey lapangan yang dilakukan, terungkap bahwa belum banyak petani yang menyadari bahaya yang ditimbulkan akibat penggunaan pestisida kimia dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Mereka juga belum mengetahui adanya pestisida hayati yang jauh lebih murah dan tidak berbahaya dimana proses pembuatannya sangat mudah. Di desa Buket Meutuah belum tersedia alternatif pengendalian yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan, sehingga para petani sangat tergantung dan mengandalkan pestisida kimiawi dalam mengendalikan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Hal ini disebabkan karena rendahnya pengetahuan SDM para petani sayur serta belum adanya teknologi perbanyakan dan pembuatan biopestisida berbahan hayati yang aman, efektif dan ramah lingkungan.
Application of Fermented Starfruit (Asam Sunti) as an Antimicrobial in Keumamah Loin
Authors: Aida Aida , Khairi Ikhsanul , Akbardiansyah Akbardiansyah , Fitriani Fitriani , Rozi Anhar , Fuadi Afdhal , Nurhikma Nurhikma
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam sunti terhadap jumlah ALT dan kapang sebagai antimikroba pada ikan kayu loin. Penelitian bersifat eksprimen dan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan 3 kali ulangan pengujian. Perlakuan 1 adalah perendaman suspense asam sunti sebanyak 10% (F1),  sebanyak  20 % (F2), sebanyak 30% (F3), dan tanpa perendaman (F0). Parameter yang diamati adalah ALT dan kapang hasil dari kedua penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan one way analiysi of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah ALT tertinggi pada F0 (7,51x105CFU/mL) dan nilai terendah pada sampel F3 (6,36 x105CFU/mL), selanjutnya nilai kapang tertinggi pada sampel F0 (7,68 x105CFU/mL), dan nilai terendah pada  F3 (6,46 x105CFU/mL). Perbedaan kosentrasi suspense asam sunti berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai ALT dan kapang pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%.
Utilization of Brown Seaweed as a Functional Dietary Salt and Source of Antioxidant Activity: A Review
Authors: Astriani Aisyah , Nurjanah Nurjanah
Published: January 2024

Rumput laut mengandung mineral dan senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan, antihipertensi, dan manfaat kesehatan lainnya. Akibat potensi tersebut, rumput laut kini banyak digunakan dalam bidang obat-obatan, kosmetik, pupuk, bioenergi dan pangan. Dalam industri pangan, rumput laut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan garam dengan kandungan natrium rendah dan kalium tinggi sehingga bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Literatur review ini menyajikan beberapa pembahasan dan sumber literatur yang relevan mengenai proses pembuatan dan komponen yang ada pada garam rumput laut, seperti kandungan logam berat, komposisi mineral, Na:K, rasio NaCl, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Studi literatur ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif eksploratif dengan mengumpulkan informasi dari banyak literatur penelitian sebelumnya, berupa jurnal nasional maupun internasional serta database online seperti Researchgate, Directory of Open Access Journals dan Google Scholar.
The Addition of Lamtoro Leaf Fermented (Leucaena leucocephala) in Artificial Feed Against the Growth of Milkfish (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Harefa Fendi Saputra , Khalil Munawwar , Salamah Salamah , Mainisa Mainisa , Mahdaliana Mahdaliana
Published: January 2024

Ikan bandeng merupakan komoditas unggulan budidaya laut Indonesia cukup menjanjikan, sehingga produktivitas bandeng harus  ditingkatkan. faktor permasalahan dalam budidaya  bandeng adalah pakan. Daun lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) merupakan sumberdaya hayati yang berpotensi dan berprotein tinggi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pakan. Tetapi lamtoro memiliki kandungan serat tinggi yang bisa dikurangi dengan melakukan fermentasi menggunakan bio intan tani dan  atraktan untuk menutupi aroma lamtoro yang kurang disukai ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan  menguji pengaruh penambahan fermentasi daun lamtoro ke dalam pakan buatan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan bandeng, Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 22 Maret - 22 April 2022 bertempat di Kembang Tani Farm Lancang Barat, Aceh Utara, Aceh. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan, Perlakuan A, B, C dan D dengan konsentrasi masing-masing sebesar 0%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Berdasarkan analisis uji F (ANOVA) memberi hasil berpengaruh nyata terhadap respon pakan, pertambahan bobot, pertambahan panjang, aroma dengan nilai Sig < 0,05 dan memberi hasil tidak berpengauh nyata terhadap, tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan nilai konversi pakan dengan nilai Sig > 0,05.
The Influence of Various Substrates on the Survival of Freshwater Lobster (cherax quadricarinatus) in the Open Transport System
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Komariyah Siti , Haser Teuku Fadlon
Published: January 2024

Lobster is one of the leading commodities in Indonesia, with export destinations to Japan, Hong Kong, the USA, and several other countries. In export activities, high mortality is caused by stress during transportation, causing farmers to suffer losses. This research can be an alternative solution to reduce the mortality rate in the transportation of crayfish, which is carried out using a variety of different substrates as transport media. This study aims to determine the effect of using different substrates as filler media for the transport container on the survival of crayfish, which were transported for 6 hours using different substrates, namely paper, raffia rope, coconut fiber, and cotton. The research method used was a completely randomized design. (RAL). The results of this study showed that the transportation of crayfish with different substrates showed survival results on 93% paper substrate, 90% raffia rope, 96% coconut fiber, and 100% cotton. After 10 days of maintenance, the survival of crayfish decreased because the crayfish experienced stress during the transportation test. This was due to a lack of oxygen and moisture in the substrate used during transportation. The highest post-maintenance survival occurred at P4 of 76% and P3 of 75%, while at P1 it was 57% and at P2 it was 67%.
Implementasi Konsep Blue Economy di Indonesia sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Sutainable Development Goals (SDgs) 14: Life Below Water
Authors: Aprilia  , Mulyanie Erni
Published: January 2024

Pada sektor marine living secara khusus lingkup perikanan tangkap dan budidaya, Indonesia masih mengalami kesulitan untuk memenuhi standar keberlanjutan. nilai keberlanjutan perikanan Indonesia dalam Ocean Health Index (OHI) yang berada pada urutan 175 dari 220 negara dalam indikator food provision yang menghitung ketahanan pangan dari sumber daya maritim dengan kemampuan menyeimbangkan antara ekologi dan eksploitasi.  Penurunan keseimbangan ekologis seperti daya dukung laut diakibatkan karena konservasi yang kurang berorientasi pada pengelolaan secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan konsep blue economy di Indonesia dalam upaya mewujudkan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 14: life below water. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian studi literatur menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Salah satu pemanfaatan sumber daya kelautan di Indonesia adalah pada sektor perikanan dan pertambangan. Produksi perikanan tangkap di Indonesia setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan, berdasarkan data Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Tahun 2019 total produksi ikan tangkapan pada tahun 2017 sebesar 6.424.114 ton, tahun 2018 sebesar 6.701.834 ton, dan tahun 2019 sebesar 7.164.302 ton. Sementara itu, sektor energi dan sumber daya mineral masih memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap pembangunan nasional. Subsektor minyak dan gas bumi memberikan kontribusi terbesar pada sektor energi dan sumber daya mineral selama tiga tahun terakhir, dengan rata-rata kontribusi sebesar 30% terhadap PDB. Melalui konsep blue economy, merupakan konsep yang menjamin kelestarian sumber daya kelautan dan lingkungan pesisir serta mendorong pemanfaatan sumber daya untuk meningkatkan perekonomian di sektor industri kelautan dan perikanan. Strategi penerapan konsep ekonomi biru tentunya relevan dengan tujuan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) poin 14, yaitu life below water atau ekosistem laut.
DNA barcoding compliments morphological identification in tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Ranjith M.T. , Chellappan Mani
Published: January 2024

Among Heliothine group of moths viz., Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), Helicoverpa assulta (Guenee), Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermuller) and Helicoverpa rama (Bhattacharjee and Gupta), Helicoverpa armigera, is the most serious pest infesting many economically important crops. Though, Helicoverpa infesting vegetables viz., tomato, okra, cowpea, amaranthus, cucurbits etc in Kerala, their identity at species level is lacking. Hence, the larvae collected from tomato growing area were reared, preserved and subjected to further studies. Morphological characters viz., setal arrangement on prothoracic segment and genitalia structure of both the male and female adult moths were examined. Further, DNA barcoding was carried out to reveal the identity at molecular level. Both morphological characters and DNA barcoding confirmed the identity of species as Helicoverpa armigera.
Selection of best performing Apis cerana indica Fab. colonies for stock improvement based on comparison of economic characters
Authors: Shailaja K.K. , Jones D. S. , Devanesan S.
Published: January 2024

The comparative performance on economic characters of Indian bee Apis cerana indica Fab. collected from 18 locations of different beekeeping pockets in Kerala were studied during 2012-2013 to find out better performing colonies for selective breeding. The bee colonies collected from highland location Rajakkat (L3) and Rosemala (L6) were black morph and midland location Pathanapuram (L11) and lowland location Kadakkal (L18) were yellow morph and bees from other locations were common brown bees. The black and yellow morphs of A. cerana indica are being reported from Kerala for the first time. The black and yellow bee colonies recorded significantly higher mean bee strength, brood area, pollen storage area, honey storage area and honey yield compared to common brown bees. Both black and yellow bee morphs had more tolerance/ immunity against diseases compared to common bees. Absconding behavior was more in black bees while it was not recorded in yellow bees. These black and yellow bee colonies can be utilized for stock improvement through selective breeding for enhanced honey production.
Revision of the genus Cestoplectus Lamb (Diptera: Chloropidae) with description of a new species from India
Authors: Tilak Jyothi , Cherian P.T.
Published: January 2024

A new species of the rare Oriental genus Cestoplectus Lamb from India is described. This is the fifth species coming under the genus of which three are distributed in India. A key to all the species of the genus and short notes on Indian species are given.
Effect of different inoculum levels of Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield on growth and biochemical parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Lal Darsana V. S. , Narayana R , Sheela M. S.
Published: January 2024

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of Meloidogyne graminicola on growth and biochemical parameters of rice, Oryza sativa cv. Uma under green house conditions by inoculating with different inoculum levels i.e., 0 (uninoculated), 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 second stage juveniles per pot. With the increase in inoculum levels of M. graminicola, there was a progressive decrease in growth and biochemical characters of the crop. Significant reduction in plant height, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of shoot and root, chlorophyll, protein and starch content of grain at 500 J 2, Beyond this level the damage is stagnating and even at 20 times higher level the plant survives till maturity.
Evaluation of some cooking ingredients decontaminating selected vegetables from pesticide residues
Authors: Nair K. Pallavi , Mathew Thomas Biju , Beevi S. Naseema , George Thomas , Rajith R. , Koshy Binoy A , Sajitharani T.
Published: January 2024

The effect of different safe decontaminating substances on two vegetables (okra and curry leaf) grown in Kerala was studied. The plants were sprayed with a mixture of malathion, chlorpyriphos, quinalphos, profenophos, ethion, cypermethrine, fenvalerate and methyl parathion and samples of okrafruit and curry leaf were collected 1 day and 3 days after spraying. Samples were dipped in different decontaminating emulsion/suspension of tamarind 2%, common salt 2%, turmeric 1%, vinegar 2%, lukewarm water and water for 15 minutes and washed in tap water. Residues of different insecticides in these samples were estimated using gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector. Data showed that all treatments reduced the insecticides on the two commodities significantly. The effect varied with the insecticides and the crops involved. The decontamination technology using household substances was identified as a desirable approach for solving the insecticide residue problem in agricultural commodities. Standardization of the technique separately for different commodities and insecticides may be necessary based on a sample survey of the pesticides in different commodities in different locations.
Parasitisation of soft brown scale, Coccus hesperidum Howard by an aphelinid wasp, Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard) infesting orchids from Sikkim, India
Authors: Sangma Rumki Heloise Ch. , Dahal Dipen , Singh D. R.
Published: January 2024

Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard) an aphelinid parasitic wasp was found to parasitize populations of the soft brown scale, Coccus hesperidum Howard infesting the orchids in Sikkim, India. Parasitization under natural conditions was found to range from 5-45%. This is the first report of Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard) on Soft brown scales on orchids.
Comparative 3D structural ornamentations on the eggs of Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Authors: Chakraborty Arunima , Chatterjee Soumendranath
Published: January 2024

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are potential arboviral vectors that are responsible for spread of dengue worldwide. Studies of these vectors and their bionomics form an important part in the vector controlling strategy. In the present piece of work, efforts have been made to differentiate between the eggs of these two species morphologically through scanning electron microscope. From the scanning electron micrographs of both of the species morphological differences were very clear. The eggs of Aedes albopictus were found to be much smaller in structure than that of Aedes aegypti. Moreover the micropylar apparatus, extrachorionic structure were also significantly different. Various species can be differentiated by viewing the scanning electron micrographs of the eggs. Stereomicroscopic structures are essentially useful in determining the difference between the species. The various differences in egg structure might be due to the environmental parameters they are laid at.
Seasonal variations in the prevalence and intensities of infestation of phthirapteran ectoparasites of domestic fowl
Authors: Kumar V. , Hasan S. S. , Saxena A. K.
Published: January 2024

In the present paper an attempt has been made to observe the impact of four ecofactors (RH, Temperature, Heat index and Photoperiod) on the prevalence and infestation intensity of five phthirapteran species infesting domestic fowl (Lipeurus caponis, Lipeurus tropicalis, Menopon gallinae, Goniocotis gallinae, Goniodes dissimilis). By and large the ecofactor taken into consideration did not have significant impact on the prevalence. However the RH and photoperiod appeared to have influence on intensities of L. caponis and L. tropicalis which prefer wing feathers. On the other hand temperature and heat index seem to have influence on intensities of G. gallinae, G. dissimilis and M. gallinae which generally prefer body feathers of host bird.
Allelopathic interactions of certain Musa cultivars against Odoiporus longicollis (Olivier)
Authors: Kavitha K.J. , Murugan K. , Evans D.A.
Published: January 2024

Odoiporus longicollis is a major pest of the banana (Musa) cultivars that enormously feeds on the pseudostem and causes serious damage to banana cultivation. It is a monophagous pest of banana, which showed extreme preference to some commercially viable cultivars such as Nendran, (AAB) Palayankodan,(AAB) Red banana (AAA) and extreme non preference to some commercially non viable cultivars such as Kadali, Kannan, Aattinkombu (all AA types) and Thenkaali (AAB). Field study, diversity analysis and pest status of Musa cultivars in Chittar panchayt of Pathanamthitta district (Kerala) by Arc GIS software showed that maximum diversity of cultivars with minimum pest attack was seen in those wards which are ecotones with respect to forest and agro ecosystem. Rearing of O.longicollis larvae in Thenkaali and Aattinkombu has resulted mortality of them evidenced by hyperprotenemia and hyperuricemia of haemolymph. The HPTLC study has revealed that pseudostem of Aattinkombu and Thenkaali possessed three additional compounds which were not present in pest sensitive cultivars. The differential distribution of secondary metabolites in the pseudostem of the above two cultivars can also be felt by difference in the smell of freshly cut pseudostem.
Revision of the whitefly genus Martiniella Jesudasan and David (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with a new record of Martiniella sepangensis (Martin and Mound) from India
Authors: Vimala D. , Sundararaj R.
Published: January 2024

The whitefly genus Martiniella Jesudasan and David is reviewed and the generic characters have been redefined. Five species of Aleuroclava viz., A. baccaureae (Corbett), A. fici (Corbett), A. macarangae (Corbett), A. sepangensis Martin and Mound and A. srilankaensis (David) have been assigned to Martiniella proposing new combinations. M. sepangensis (Martin and Mound) so far known from Malaysia is reported for the first time from India and the species is redescribed. Key to the species of the genus Martiniella is given.
Morphological characters and DNA barcodes to separate Oenopia sauzeti Mulsant and O. mimica Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), two externally similar lady beetles from the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Poorani J. , Jalali S. K. , Ojha Rakshit
Published: January 2024

Oenopia sauzeti Mulsant and O. mimica Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are externally very similar and commonly misidentified species of lady beetles distributed in the Indian subcontinent. Diagnostic characters including male genitalia are illustrated for these species to facilitate their identification. The cox1 mtDNA sequences of O. sauzeti and O. mimica (658 bp) had only 89% similarity upon pair-wise alignment, which distinguished them with 75 nucleotide differences, thus confirming that these are distinct species. DNA barcodes with accession numbers AGIMP042-15 for O. sauzeti and AGIMP043-15 for O. mimica were obtained.
Rediscovery of the shieldbug Menedemus vittatus, with notes on M. hieroglyphicus (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae : Pentatominae: Sciocorini), from Pune, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Ghate Hemant V.
Published: January 2024

The first illustrated record of Menedemus vittatus (Dallas, 1851) is given after a span of more than 150 years since the original description and over 100 years since its redescription by Distant (1908). A note on mass mortality of Menedemus hieroglyphicus Distant, is added. Both species are perhaps endemic to India.
Oviposition behavior of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on four varieties of Lathyrus sativus L. seeds
Authors: Adhikary Poulami , Malik Ujjwal , Barik Anandamay
Published: January 2024

Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is an important stored grain pest of Lathyrus sativus L. (Leguminosae). Olfactometer assay using the surface waxes of the four varieties, Bio L 212 Ratan, Nirmal B-1, WBK-14-7 and WBK-13-1 khesari seeds @1, 1, 2 and 2 mcg ml-1 showed that the surface waxes of all the varieties attracted C. maculatus females and the least attraction was to WBK-13-1. Ovipostion by C. maculatus was significant on all the varieties with surface waxes in no choice assay. The highest preference was to Bio L 212 Ratan and it was followed by Nirmal B-1, WBK-14-7 and WBK-13-1. The insect did not prefer wax removed seeds for egg laying. The study suggests that WBK-13-1 and WBK-14-7 are the less preferred varieties of L. sativus by C. maculatus for oviposition, and these varieties might be promoted for cultivation.
Morphology and biology of litter-inhabiting Buchananiella indica Muraleedharan (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)
Authors: Ballal Chandish R , Yamada Kazutaka , Joshi Sunil
Published: January 2024

The life history, biological parameters and predatory potential of litter- inhabiting Buchananiella indica Muraleedharan (Hemptera: Anthocoridae) have been investigated. The adult, egg and immature stages of this anthocorid are described with live images. Buchananiella indica is amenable to continuous rearing on eggs of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the anthocorid was continuously reared for 20 generations. Fertility studies indicated that the reproductive rate is 12.6 and the finite rate of increase 1.08.
Cloning Folmer region of mtCOI gene diagnostic for sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Ramasubramanian T. , Ramaraju K.
Published: January 2024

Early shoot borer (ESB), Chilo infuscatellus Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important pest of sugarcane and distributed across the Indian subcontinent. It was originally described as Diatraea saccharalis and after several revisions by many taxonomists, it was finally accepted as C. infuscatellus. The limitations associated with conventional alpha taxonomy such as phenotypic plasticity of key morphological traits, could be the possible reason for taxonomic uncertainty of the species. DNA barcoding has emerged as a complementary approach to conventional taxonomy andÂ has also been proved as a powerful tool to identify cryptic species in the population. Hence, the '˜Folmer region' of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (mtCOI) gene from early shoot borer has been cloned to serve as the barcode for the species. The DNA barcode developed in this study would address the anomalies that exist in the identification of early shoot borer. The barcode generated by us is the ideal one as it is exactly 658 bp in size and carries no stop codon in its amino acid sequence. KM453722 is the unique GenBank accession number for the DNA barcode of C. infuscatellus. The DNA barcode developed in this study would serve as an ideal molecular diagnostic kit for correct identification of C. infuscatellus irrespective of its sex, stage and polymorphism.
Oxidative effects of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) on biostages stages of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen
Authors: Gunes Eda
Published: January 2024

Tarragon (Artemesia dracunculus L.) is a traditional spice often used in local food dishes. This study was undertaken to determine the effects that nutritional tarragon has on oxidative stress in various developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Larvae of D. melanogaster were reared to adulthood on artificial diets containing varying amounts of tarragon ranging from 10 to 2000 Î¼g. The effects of the various concentrations of tarragon on major indicators of oxidative stress including lipid peroxidation products, the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and detoxification enzyme, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity were investigated in 3rd instar larvae, pupae and adult fruit flies. The results indicate that the effectiveness of tarragon as an oxidative stress agent in D. melanogaster is dependent on its concentration in the fly's diet.
New record of Erianthus deflorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl) with notes on Xenerianthus affinis (Westwood) [Orthoptera: Eumastacoidea: Chorotypidae) from Meghalaya, India
Authors: Swaminathan R. , Nagar Rajendra , Mal Jhabar
Published: January 2024

Morphological characterization of the two species of monkey grasshoppers, Xenerianthus affinis (Westwood, 1843) and Erianthina deflorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893) collected from the northeastern state of Meghalaya, India is given. Erianthina deflorata has been recorded for the first time from India. A key to separate the two genera is also provided.
Many-fold less than the field recommended concentrations of neonicotinoids and malathion affect foraging of honeybee in three important crops in India
Authors: Olotu M.I. , Gujar G.T.
Published: January 2024

Although insecticides effectively control the insect pests in different agro-ecosystems, they also reportedly affect the non-target insects including bee pollinators at the sub-lethal concentrations. A series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of two neonicotinoids and one organophosphate insecticide on the foraging activity of honeybee in three test crops at the sub-lethal concentration during flowering. The mean number of the dwarf honeybee (DHB), Apis florea (F.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) recorded during the pre-spraying did not differ between treatments on each of the three crops. However, it differed significantly during the post-spraying except for malathion on inflorescences of the pearl millet. The DHB foraging time remained generallyconstant during the pre-spraying and varied greatly during the post-spraying on the three test crops and both groups of insecticides. The neonicotinoids and malathion significantly reduced visits of the DHB on the inflorescences of the test crops, their foraging activities and time spent on the inflorescences at the concentration many-fold (5-50 fold) less than the field recommended concentration of the insecticide.
First record of South American tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Shanmugam P.S. , Ramaraju K. , Indhumathi K.
Published: January 2024

The South American tomato moth (SATM), Tuta absoluta is a quarantine pest, native to South America which was detected first time in Maharastra, India in late 2014 and then in Karnataka.The border district of Tamil Nadu was under vigil to monitor the activity through regular surveillance from March 2015 to know the presence of SATM in Dharmapuri district and the occurrence of T. absoluta was first noticed in Karimangalam block in the tomato hybrid Sivam. The widely cultivated tomato hybrids Sivam and Sagar were equally susceptible to the SATM with 20-32 per cent leaf damage and 28 - 53 per cent fruit damage. The sex pheromone traps attracted more number of adults per day. The damage was mostly found in the middle and lower leaves and half ripened and ripened fruits. In a single fruit 8-12 holes were noticed during the survey. This is the first report of thisÂ pest in Tamil Nadu. Main characteristics of the species are briefly reviewed, with notes on biology, distribution and damage.
A new species of Amblyseius Berlese (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Kerala, India
Authors: Santhosh P. P. , Sadanandan Mary Anithalatha
Published: January 2024

During the course of investigation of phytoseiid mites inhabiting medicinal plants in North Kerala, a new species viz., Amblyseius velayudhani sp.nov. was identified and is described with appropriate illustrations.
Occurrence of Cyperus root borer, Athesapeuta cyperi Marshall (Curculionidae: Coleoptera: Baridinae) as a minor pest of banana
Authors: Padmanaban B. , Alagesan A. , Kalita D.N. , Mustaffa M.M.
Published: January 2024

During the course of field investigation in North-eastern region, Guwahati, Assam the banana plants were found infested with the weevil Athesapeuta cyperi and it was a new report.
First record of the pest termite Coptotermes beckeri Mathur and Chhottani (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) from Kerala
Authors: Poovoli Amina , Shweta M. , Rajmohana K.
Published: January 2024

Coptotermes beckeri Mathur and Chhotani, a subterranean termite species under Rhinotermitidae family is reported for the first time from Kerala. Subterranean termites are polyphagous and consume all available cellulose materials- paper, dead wood in structural frames, live wood in plantations and forests alike, hence gain a significant pest status.
Occurrence of large spine- footed bug, Physomerus grossipes Fabricius (Coreidae: Hemiptera) on banana in India
Authors: Padmanaban B. , Patil N.M. , Shaikh N.B.
Published: January 2024

A new coreid bug identified as Physomerus grossipes Fabricius was recorded infesting banana as a pest. The coreid bug sucks the pulp from the fingers and the feeding damage results in the development of sunken black spots on the peel.
Coding learning model in speaking courses as an innovation to improve 21st century skills
Authors: Eliya Ixsir , Afriani Zelvia Liska , Taufiqurrahman Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Integrating coding into learning is one of the opportunities afforded by technology in education. However, the use of coding in tertiary institutions is still underutilized in the field of language learning. The purpose of this research is to develop a coding learning model for the speaking course that suits the needs of lecturers and students in the teaching and learning process. This research involves Research and Development using the ADDIE model. The subjects in this study consisted of three lecturers and seventy-eight students from five universities in Bengkulu Province, as well as three experts in the fields of materials, media, and language. The results of the study reveal that this model has three main activities: pre-learning, learning, and post-learning, which have five main phases: perception, exploration, collaboration, coding, and publication. The validation test results obtained ‘very good’ qualifications from material experts and were appropriated by linguists and media experts. The validation results indicate that this model is considered feasible to use so that it meets the standardization of product development testing.
Desafíos que enfrentan los contribuyentes del Ecuador en el comercio digital: residencia y control en el período 2020-2021
Authors: Delgado-Palacios Maricel , Zambrano-Intriago María
Published: January 2024

Los avances en materia tecnológica han revolucionado la manera en cómo percibimos y nos desenvolvemos en el mundo, las nuevas tecnologías minimizan las distancias y borra las fronteras. Esto permite conexión en tiempo real para operaciones como, el cierre de un negocio a kilómetros de distancia. El comercio electrónico o e-commerce además de tener sus ventajas también implican un reto a la hora de delimitar el alcance de su contribución tributaria. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar los desafíos que enfrentan los contribuyentes del Ecuador en el comercio digital en cuanto a la residencia y control. Para la investigación se hizo uso de la metodología de tipo documental-bibliográfica de artículos de alto impacto de revistas como Redalyc y Scielo además de estadísticas brindadas por la CEPAL y la revisión de la normativa de comercio y tributaria vigente del país. Como resultado de la investigación se hace mención a las estadísticas revisadas, donde se demuestra que regiones como América Latina han mantenido un constante crecimiento del comercio digital. Los negocios cambiaron la forma de comercializar, haciendo uso de plataformas digitales, las mismas que han facilitado e impulsado el comercio internacional disminuyendo el tiempo de compra y brindando comodidad al usuario. En el Ecuador, el esfuerzo del Gobierno por crear leyes o normativas que regulen este tipo de transacciones, sigue estando en desarrollo. Por esta razón la evasión fiscal se encuentra presente ya que aún no se dimensiona la manera de poder regular y controlar este tipo de comercio.
Análisis de herramientas informáticas para el desarrollo de una aplicación móvil de realidad Aumentada
Authors: Macias-Arias Enrique , Santana-Campoverde Fabricio , Cobeña-Macias Tatiana , Zambrano-Pico Félix
Published: January 2024

Esta investigación aborda la evaluación de herramientas informáticas disponibles para el desarrollo efectivo de aplicaciones móviles de realidad aumentada (RA). El objetivo principal es identificar las plataformas y tecnologías más adecuadas que optimizan el proceso de creación de aplicaciones RA, considerando factores clave como la usabilidad, rendimiento y accesibilidad. La investigación se enmarca en un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, utilizando un enfoque mixto que combina análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. Se busca obtener una comprensión profunda de las herramientas disponibles y su aplicabilidad en el contexto de desarrollo de aplicaciones móviles de realidad aumentada. Se lleva a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de la literatura para identificar las herramientas informáticas relevantes. Se emplean técnicas de estudios comparativos para evaluar la eficacia de cada herramienta en términos de desarrollo de aplicaciones RA. Las técnicas incluyen un análisis comparativo en función de las herramientas de realidad aumentada. Además, se utiliza la escala de Likert, que es una herramienta muy utilizada en investigaciones de diversa índole que sirve como base para este estudio. La investigación contribuye al conocimiento práctico al ofrecer recomendaciones específicas basadas en la evidencia empírica recopilada. Como resultado de la investigación se tiene que EasyAR Sense se destaca como la mejor herramienta para construir aplicaciones de realidad aumentada, respaldada por Creator AVR y Blippar como opciones igualmente sólidas. Este análisis proporciona una guía valiosa para los desarrolladores al seleccionar herramientas para el desarrollo de aplicaciones de realidad aumentada, considerando factores clave como el reconocimiento de imágenes, la integración API y las licencias. Como conclusión, la elección de la herramienta para el desarrollo de aplicaciones móviles de realidad aumentada debe basarse en una ponderación cuidadosa de los requisitos del proyecto, priorizando entre rendimiento, usabilidad y flexibilidad. Aunque cada herramienta tiene sus ventajas y desventajas, el conocimiento adquirido a través de este análisis facilita una toma de decisiones más informada. Se destaca la necesidad de una evaluación continua a medida que evolucionan las tecnologías y se introducen nuevas herramientas en el mercado. Este estudio proporciona una base sólida para futuras investigaciones y desarrollo en el campo dinámico de la realidad aumentada móvil.