bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
浅析太极拳动漫作品对太极拳在青少年群体中推广的作用
Authors: 李 旗
Published: December 2023

文章采用文献资料法、问卷调查法，以太极拳动漫作品对太极拳在青少年群体中推广的作用为研究对象，分析太极拳动漫作品对青少年习练太极拳的产生的影响，并提出太极拳在青少年群体中推广的策略。
体育教育与优秀中华传统文化的融合模式研究
Authors: 李 浪光 , 崔 彬彬
Published: December 2023

通过研究体育教育与优秀中华传统文化的融合模式，深入探讨其在培养学生综合素质和民族精神方面的作用，以及体育教育和传统文化的相互关系，并分析了二者融合的重要性和意义。研究认为体育教育可以培养学生的品格、意志力和团队协作精神，而优秀的中华传统文化则提供了宝贵的道德、伦理和审美教育资源。实践应用表明，将体育课程融入优秀传统文化元素，让学生感受传统文化魅力；引导学生树立正确道德观念，体育活动实践价值观；结合地域特色传统文化元素，丰富体育活动的内涵，从而进一步验证了融合模式在培养学生综合素质和民族精神上的积极效果。
运动诱导脂肪组织巨噬细胞表型变化对胰岛素抵抗的影响
Authors: 谢 超
Published: December 2023

糖尿病（DM）是以糖脂代谢紊乱为主要特征的代谢障碍性疾病，2型糖尿病（T2DM）占90%以上，其主要表征为胰岛素抵抗（IR）。肥胖状态下，脂肪细胞会分泌趋化因子（MCP-I），吸引单核细胞进入脂肪组织和肝脏，极化为促炎巨噬细胞M1，M1巨噬细胞上调促炎介质的表达，如IL-6、TNF-α等，通过MAPK-JNK通路作用于脂肪细胞诱导IR。运动作为一种预防和治疗T2DM的非药物干预手段，可通过调节巨噬细胞表型，降低促炎介质TNF-α、IL-6表达水平，抑制脂肪组织MAPK-JNK通路活性改善胰岛素抵抗，从而延缓T2DM病理进程。
游泳训练对搏击运动员耐力素质的影响
Authors: 何 川 , 巴 昱涵 , 李 鑫
Published: December 2023

搏击运动是一种新兴的竞技类运动项目，通常由两人进行比赛，按照国际的标准规则运用击打，踢等一系列动作为主要技巧，进行身体对抗的性的竞技运动，日常的训练是必不可少的，而近些年来新兴的游泳训练对于搏击运动的耐力提升具有显著的效果，并且在游泳训练中对于运动员本身的损伤是较小的，我们将以游泳训练对于搏击运动耐力的提升为主导并进行探究。
第三方评估视角下学校体育督导的内涵、功能及原则
Authors: 胡 子美 , 张 林静
Published: December 2023

通过第三方评估的方式，可以客观地评估学校体育教学中存在的问题，并提出相应的改进措施。学校体育督导能够推动体育教师的专业发展和能力提升，提高整体教育水平。同时，督导还能够促进学校体育课程与社会需求的结合，培养学生的综合素质和应用能力。学校体育督导在第三方评估视角下的内涵是对学校体育教育各个方面的监督和指导；其功能在于促进学校体育教育的发展和改进；而学校体育督导应遵循客观公正、实际操作、指导支持和合作发展等原则。通过对学校体育督导的深入研究，可以为提高学校体育教育质量和发展水平提供有益的参考。
民族体育舞蹈“学练赛”模式促民族团结教育实践
Authors: 肖 梅 , 赵 帅 , 扎 史次里
Published: December 2023

民族体育舞蹈将中华优秀传统文化全面融入校园文化建设中，体育课作为这门课程推广教学的主要载体，是集教育性、思想性、知识性、趣味性的体育教学实践活动。云南师大附中的特色体育校本课程聚焦于“教会”“勤练”“常赛”的实施，推广民族体育舞蹈就是对国家体育与健康课程的拓展和再扩充。课程育人使得学生加深民族传统文化的理解、认同多元化的民族文化，各民族同学能和谐共处，促民族地区民族团结。
西安马拉松的赛事特征与社会影响
Authors: 程 飞 , 张 月娟
Published: December 2023

马拉松作为一项具有悠久历史和广泛影响力的运动，在世界各地都吸引着众多参与者和观众的热情。西安作为世界历史名城，以其独特的赛事特征和积极的影响力在马拉松界崭露头角。文章旨在探讨西安马拉松的赛事特征与影响：第一部分将介绍西安马拉松的发展现状，概述其在国内外的知名度和影响力，为读者提供背景和认识。第二部分将着重揭示西安马拉松的特征，包括其独特的文化底蕴、丰富多样的赛道景观，及安全的组织管理和广泛的赛事推广。第三部分将探讨西安马拉松的影响。首先，它促进了西安文化自信城市的形成，坚定了古都文化信念；其次，西安马拉松又促进了体育水平提升；此外，西安马拉松激发了全民健身的积极性；最后，西安马拉松推动了社会文明向前迈进。文章将通过深入研究西安马拉松的赛事特征及其影响，希望能为读者提供对这一赛事的全面了解。
第22届卡塔尔世界杯阿根廷队进攻特征分析
Authors: 蔡 涛 , 丛 文发
Published: December 2023

本研究采用文献资料法、录像观察法和数理统计法，对第22届卡塔尔世界杯阿根廷队的进攻特征进行研究，结果显示：阿根廷队在阵型方面主要采用4-4-2阵型和4-3-3阵型加强中前场的进攻；传球次数、控球率是掌握比赛节奏的关键；阿根廷队快速、准确地传球，是创造射门得分机会的重要手段；核心区域（罚球区）是最有效的得分区域。
中小学跳绳体能练习趣味化的意义、问题及策略
Authors: 刘 杰 , 张 霄鹏 , 赵 小花 , 孙 立国 , 王 红霞
Published: December 2023

跳绳是一项简单易学、不受场地限制的体育运动，具有很强的趣味性和竞技性。在中小学体育教育中，跳绳已经成为一项重要的教学内容。然而，由于教学方法单一、练习内容枯燥等原因，学生对跳绳体能练习的参与度和积极性不高，影响了教学效果。本篇文章旨在探讨中小学跳绳体能练习趣味化的初步探索，通过趣味化策略的应用，提高学生对跳绳体能练习的兴趣和参与度，同时增强学生的身体素质和体能。
关节松动联合TENS对篮球运动LAS患者疼痛等功能的影响
Authors: 侯 太甫 , 李 清源 , 李 博渊 , 谢 淘
Published: December 2023

目的：分析在常规篮球运动中踝关节外侧韧带扭伤的机制及系统康复方案的临床疗效，探讨非药物的康复方法（关节松动训练联合经皮神经电刺激）在踝关节外侧韧带运动扭伤与防护中对患者的疼痛、运动功能（关节功能）产生影响。方法：将110例篮球运动中踝关节运动扭伤的患者根据随机数字表分为关节松动训练联合物理因子治疗技术：经皮神经电刺激（Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation,TENS）（60人）和对照组（50人）。两组治疗均为每天1次，每项治疗一次30min，3周为一个疗程。观察两组治疗前和治疗后视觉模拟评分（VAS）变化、AOFAS踝-后足量表进行评价，同时记录治疗过程中的不良反应。结果：与治疗前相比，两组运动中踝关节外侧韧带扭伤治疗后进行VAS评分、AOFAS踝-后足量表分数更低（P＜0.05）。关节松动训练联合经皮神经电刺激组治疗后VAS评分情况、AOFAS踝-后足量表得分显着低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗期间安全性较好，无不良反应。结论：关节松动训练联合经皮神经电（Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation,TENS）刺激疗法联合治疗篮球运动中踝关节外侧韧带扭伤，可以消除水肿、减轻疼痛、增强关节稳定和平衡功能，改善踝关节运动功能，是一种安全有效的疗法。
基于数学评价分析的大学公共体育课程建设路径创新
Authors: 武 传钟 , 刘 博 , 解 进 , 徐 莉 , 田 军
Published: December 2023

教育是社会进步和民族复兴的力量之源。体育教育是培养合格人才不可或缺的教育内容。在高校体育课堂上贯彻“立德树人”的教育理念，将技能教学与体育锻炼相结合，提高学生对体育与健康的认知水平，厘清体育教学与学生能力提升及人格品质培养的关系，创新体育教学独特的育人模式，探索体育课堂教学的科学化管理与组织路径，为中国式现代化体育建设献智献策。依托学生体育俱乐部活动、阳光体育联盟、运动队训练和竞赛活动，加强“第二课堂”建设，调查学生的学习态度和道德素质，注重路径创新，运用数学评价分析方法，计算高校体育教学能力培养的要素与权重，重新梳理高校公共体育教学内容结构，探索建立高校公共体育教学质量评价数学模型。
基于虚拟仿真的运动人体科学教学探究——以广州大学为例
Authors: 何 建伟 , 梁 伟东 , 刘 亲 , 梁 静雯 , 梁 丽菲
Published: December 2023

本研究建议以高校（广州大学）运动人体科学教学现状为切入点，以虚拟仿真技术为推手，以运动人体科学教学改革为着力点，立足高校运动人体科学一流课程建设，以线上线下混合式教学为基础，围绕“线上虚拟仿真教学，线下教学反馈”的混合式教学，推动运动人体科学线上虚拟仿真教学资源库建设。充分运用虚拟VR技术，构建运动人体科学体验式、沉浸式、虚拟式智慧课堂，切实推动运动人体科学虚拟仿真教学，创新运动人体科学教学模式，以项目式教学为着力点，围绕学生虚拟仿真运动人体科学，推动项目式运动人体科学虚拟仿真教学探索。
МЕДІАЦІЯ В ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЮРИДИЧНОЇ КЛІНІКИ
Authors: Ільніцька О. А. , Дяченко С. В.
Published: December 2023

У статті здійснено теоретичний аналіз процедур здійснення медіації юридичними клініками, а також надано певні практичні рекомендації щодо удосконалення законодавства у цій сфері. Зазначено, що проблеми медіації у діяльності юридичної клініки мало розроблені у юридичній літературі. Дискусії йдуть із ряду основних положень. Вказано на важливість медіації та відповідність цієї процедури нормам Конституції України, нормам міжнародних актів Ради Європи та Європейського Союзу. Зазначено певну колізію законів України «Про безоплатну правову допомогу» та «Про медіацію» щодо можливості здійснення медіації юридичними клініками. Запропоновано вирішувати колізію на користь застосування Закону України «Про медіацію» як основного спеціального законодавчого акта України у цій сфері. Обґрунтовано висновок про можливість залучення як медіаторів студентів та інших працівників юридичних клінік. Вказано, що хоча медіаторами, звичайно, є професійні юристи, це не є обов’язковою вимогою. Теоретично медіаторами можуть бути особи, які пройшли базову підготовку медіатора, навіть студенти та працівники юридичних клінік. Наголошено на питанні фактичної відсутності нормативно-правового регулювання здійснення медіації юридичними клініками. Зроблено висновок про те, що студенти та інші працівники юридичних клінік можуть бути медіаторами за умови проходження базової підготовки медіатора та якщо сторони медіації не заперечують проти цього. Аргументовано, що юридичні клініки варто визначити суб’єктами надання безоплатної правової допомоги шляхом розгляду та прийняття проєкту Закону України про внесення змін та доповнень до законодавства України щодо визнання юридичних клінік суб’єктами надання безоплатної правової допомоги. Зазначено потребу в удосконаленні нормативно-правового регулювання здійснення діяльності юридичними клініками, зокрема й стосовно здійснення медіації. Запропоновано Міністерству освіти і науки України затвердити нове Положення про юридичну клініку закладу вищої освіти.
ОКРЕМІ ПИТАННЯ ЩОДО ВИТРЕБУВАННЯ ДОКАЗІВ У ГОСПОДАРСЬКОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ
Authors: Минюк О. Ю. , Лупай А. С.
Published: December 2023

Статтю присвячено аналізу окремих питань щодо витребування доказів у господарському процесі. У вирішенні господарського спору провідне місце посідає дослідження та витребування доказів, які містять інформацію про обставини справи. Питання витребування доказів залишається одним з способів захисту стороною її інтересів. Уже на стадії підготовки позову позивач має визначити чіткий перелік доказів, якими будуть обґрунтовуватись заявлені позовні вимоги, додати дані докази до позовної заяви, а в разі їх відсутності – вирішувати питання про їх витребування. Проте і тут може виникнути ряд проблем, однією із яких є відсутність доказів. Це може статися у випадку, коли докази втрачені або знищені, або коли їх немає зовсім. Відсутність доказів ускладнює розгляд справи та може призвести до невизначеності рішення.

Іншим питанням, пов’язаним з витребуванням доказів, є недостатня досто­вірність доказів, яка може бути спричинена помилками у збиранні або обробці доказів, або використанням недостовірних джерел.

Не менш важливою проблемою є питання витребування електронних доказів. Сьогодні обставини багатьох господарських правопорушень значною мірою можуть бути доведені за допомогою електронних доказів, які мають відповідати встановленим законом критеріям та характеристикам, щоб не виникало питання про їх недопустимість, а суд міг покласти їх в основу свого судового рішення.

В Україні, як і в Європейському Союзі, витребування доказів регулюється законодавчими актами, які визначають правила витребування доказів та засоби їх забезпечення. Однак існують актуальні проблеми, які потребують уваги та розв’язання, зокрема питання дозволу на витребування доказів та доведення достовір­ності електронних доказів. У процесі витребування доказів важливо враховувати права та інтереси сторін у справі, оскільки обмеження їх прав може призвести до нездатності захистити свої права та інтереси в повному обсязі. Тому дозвіл на витребування доказів повинен бути обґрунтованим та необхідним для забезпечення об'єктивності та надійності доказів.
ВИКЛИКИ СУЧАСНОЇ КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ: ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ І ПРАВОВІ ВІДПОВІДІ НІМЕЧЧИНИ
Authors: Павлюх О. А. , Санжарова Г. Ф. , Санжаров В. А.
Published: December 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню німецької концепції кібербезпеки та її інститу­ційного і законодавчого наповнення. Новітні «розумні» системи та технології, що лежать в основі повсякденного життя, такі як електромережі, системи управління повітряним рухом, супутники, медичні технології, промислові підприємства та світлофори, підключені до інтернету, потенційно наражаються на небезпеку несанкціонованого віддаленого втручання. Способи протидії інформаційним загрозам і ризикам різних країн формуються по-різному.

У статті проаналізовано законодавчі кіберініціативи німецького уряду впродовж останніх десятиліть. Німецьке законодавство намагається враховувати зміни кібернетичного, геополітичного та технологічного ландшафту (поява аналітики великих даних, автономних систем, надійних промислових систем управління, кіберфізичних систем та «інтернету речей», технологій «інтелектуального міста», автоматизованої верифікації систем) та створити дієву систему кібербезпеки, за якої створення продуктів, систем та послуг є «безпечними за умовчанням». Констатовано, що унікальною рисою німецького законодавства є визначення такою, що потребує захисту поруч з об’єктами критичної інфраструктури, категорії «важливих» об’єктів.

Зазначено, що кібербезпекова стратегія Німеччини використовує невійськовий підхід, не пропонує включення кіберструктур Бундесверу до Національного центру реагування чи Національної ради з кібербезпеки, не розглядає можливості проведення упереджувальних наступальних кібероперацій. Можна вважати доведеним, що подальше розширення інструментів, які є в розпорядженні німецького уряду та військових, для роботи в кіберсфері залишається обмеженим жорсткими правовими нормами.

Автори вважають безперечним, що Німеччина завдяки своїм різноманітним зусиллям у юридичній, технологічній та виробничій сферах, постійному вдосконаленню політики, правил і законодавства наразі готова долати виклики та загрози, властиві кіберсфері. Зроблено висновок, що далекоглядний характер законодавчих зусиль робить Німеччину одним з лідерів в ЄС і на світовій арені в питаннях кібербезпеки.
«Un no imitado artificio»
Authors: Choi Imogen
Published: December 2023

Este artículo analiza la «imitación de imitaciones» en Arauco domado, partiendo del episodio en el canto V de los amores de Caupolicán y Fresia. Relaciona la complejidad de las prácticas imitativas de Oña con el contexto literario del poema, con un análisis de sus paratextos, antes de pasar a las alusiones encadenadas a varios pasajes principalmente de Ercilla y Virgilio en la digresión mencionada. Las alusiones diluyen las posibilidades trágicas del encuentro de los esposos, interrumpido por una furia infernal, y también nos permiten llevar a cabo una nueva lectura de La Araucana, al mismo tiempo que dejan el desenlace fundamentalmente abierto.
Editar épica en el siglo XXI
Authors: García López María Jesús
Published: December 2023

Pese a la extraordinaria popularidad de la que gozó la épica en la antigüedad, con el paso del tiempo se ha convertido en un género abstruso, lejano y poco atractivo para el lector actual. Aunque, comercialmente, la difusión de estos textos se haya convertido en algo complicado, no por ello han sido desatendidos en Ediciones Cátedra, que cuenta en su colección Letras Hispánicas con varias ediciones de obras esenciales que, en su día, se leyeron con verdadero furor.
Algorithm unfolding for block-sparse and MMV problems with reduced training overhead
Authors: Hauffen Jan Christian , Jung Peter , Mücke Nicole
Published: December 2023

In this study, we consider algorithm unfolding for the multiple measurement vector (MMV) problem in the case where only few training samples are available. Algorithm unfolding has been shown to empirically speed-up in a data-driven way the convergence of various classical iterative algorithms, but for supervised learning, it is important to achieve this with minimal training data. For this, we consider learned block iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (LBISTA) under different training strategies. To approach almost data-free optimization at minimal training overhead, the number of trainable parameters for algorithm unfolding has to be substantially reduced. We therefore explicitly propose a reduced-size network architecture based on the Kronecker structure imposed by the MMV observation model and present the corresponding theory in this context. To ensure proper generalization, we then extend the analytic weight approach by Liu and Chen to LBISTA and the MMV setting. Rigorous theoretical guarantees and convergence results are stated for this case. We show that the network weights can be computed by solving an explicit equation at the reduced MMV dimensions which also admits a closed-form solution. Toward more practical problems, we then considered convolutional observation models and show that the proposed architecture and the analytical weight computation can be further simplified and thus open new directions for convolutional neural networks. Finally, we evaluate the unfolded algorithms in numerical experiments and discuss connections to other sparse recovering algorithms.
Dilute and shoot approach for toxicology testing
Authors: Tamama Kenichi
Published: December 2023

Toxicology testing is performed in clinical settings, forensic settings, and for controlling doping. Drug screening is a toxicology test to determine if drugs are present in biological samples. The most common specimen type for drug testing is urine, as drugs and/or their metabolites are often more concentrated in the urine, extending the detection window of drugs. The dilute-and-shoot method is a simple procedure used in toxicology testing, where a sample is diluted before being directly injected into the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system. This method is easy, quick, and cost-saving, and can be used for protein-poor liquid specimens such as urine. Thus, it is reasonable and attractive for busy toxicology laboratories to combine the dilute-and-shoot method with high-resolution hyphenated-MS for urine drug screening. This method has several disadvantages, including a suboptimal detection capability for certain analytes, as well as interference from co-eluting matrix components called matrix effects, in which co-eluting matrix molecules alter the ionization efficiency of the analyte molecules at the ionization source in LC-MS, altering (mostly reducing) the analyte detection capability. The matrix effect testing is essential for the validation of LC-MS-based assays. A reasonable approach to addressing these undesirable effects would be to minimize these components. The most straightforward approach is to reduce the amounts of matrix components by using a higher dilution of the specimen and a lower volume for specimen injection. Optimization of the chromatographic separation is another reasonable approach for reducing co-eluting matrix components with the analyte.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide promotes adaptive cross-resistance to gentamicin in Escherichia coli biofilms
Authors: Charron Raphaël , Lemée Pierre , Huguet Antoine , Minlong Ornella , Boulanger Marine , Houée Paméla , Soumet Christophe , Briandet Romain , Bridier Arnaud
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical public health issue that requires a thorough understanding of the factors that influence the selection and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Biocides, which are widely used in cleaning and disinfection procedures in a variety of settings, may contribute to this resistance by inducing similar defense mechanisms in bacteria against both biocides and antibiotics. However, the strategies used by bacteria to adapt and develop cross-resistance remain poorly understood, particularly within biofilms –a widespread bacterial habitat that significantly influences bacterial tolerance and adaptive strategies. Using a combination of adaptive laboratory evolution experiments, genomic and RT-qPCR analyses, and biofilm structural characterization using confocal microscopy, we investigated in this study how Escherichia coli biofilms adapted after 28 days of exposure to three biocidal active substances and the effects on cross-resistance to antibiotics. Interestingly, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) exposure led to an increase of gentamicin resistance (GenR) phenotypes in biofilms formed by most of the seven E. coli strains tested. Nevertheless, most variants that emerged under biocidal conditions did not retain the GenR phenotype after removal of antimicrobial stress, suggesting a transient adaptation (adaptive resistance). The whole genome sequencing of variants with stable GenR phenotypes revealed recurrent mutations in genes associated with cellular respiration, including cytochrome oxidase (cydA, cyoC) and ATP synthase (atpG). RT-qPCR analysis revealed an induction of gene expression associated with biofilm matrix production (especially curli synthesis), stress responses, active and passive transport and cell respiration during PHMB exposure, providing insight into potential physiological responses associated with adaptive crossresistance. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observations demonstrated a global effect of PHMB on biofilm architectures and compositions formed by most E. coli strains, with the appearance of dense cellular clusters after a 24h-exposure. In conclusion, our results showed that the PHMB exposure stimulated the emergence of an adaptive cross-resistance to gentamicin in biofilms, likely induced through the activation of physiological responses and biofilm structural modulations altering gradients and microenvironmental conditions in the biological edifice.
Is the obesity paradox in outpatients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction real?
Authors: Salvino Nathália Felix Araujo , Sousa Lyz Tavares de , Abrahao Fabio Maia , Spineti Pedro Pimenta de Mello , Sales Ana Luiza Ferreira , Neves de Albuquerque Felipe , Bittencourt Marcelo Imbroinise , de Moraes Pedro Castello Branco , Esporcatte Roberto , Mourilhe-Rocha Ricardo
Published: December 2023

Background

The obesity occurrence has achieved epidemic levels worldwide and several studies indicate a paradoxical similarity among obesity and the prognosis in heart failure (HF). The primary objective was to understand the association between body mass index (BMI) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) of ischemic etiology in outpatients, using mortality as a parameter. The secondary objectives were to determine the differences in HF functional class, pharmacological therapy and evaluate the prognostic value of MAGGIC Score in this population.

Methods

We analyzed 1,556 medical records from the HF outpatient clinic of a quaternary hospital and 242 were selected according to the criteria. Most were male, average age 62.6 (56–70), BMI 18.5–24.9 = 35.1%, 25–29.9 = 37.2%, 30–34.9 = 17.8%, 35–39.9 = 7%; BMI <18.5 and >40 groups were eliminated from the central analyzes because of scarce testing.

Results

BMI 30–34.9 and BMI 18.5–24.9 had the best prognosis, BMI 25–29.9 had an average performance, and BMI –39.9 group provided the worst outcome (p = 0.123). In the subcategory analysis, BMI 30–34.9 group had a better prognosis compared to the BMI 35–39.9 group (p = 0.033). In the multivariate analysis The MAGGIC score was not able to foretell mortality in this population according to BMI.

Conclusion

In not hospitalized patients with HFREF of ischemic etiology, obesity was not a protective factor.
NLRP6 controls pulmonary inflammation from cigarette smoke in a gut microbiota-dependent manner
Authors: Nascimento Mégane , Huot-Marchand Sarah , Fanny Manoussa , Straube Marjolène , Le Bert Marc , Savigny Florence , Apetoh Lionel , Van Snick Jacques , Trovero Fabrice , Chamaillard Mathias , Quesniaux Valérie F. J. , Ryffel Bernhard , Gosset Philippe , Gombault Aurélie , Riteau Nicolas , Sokol Harry , Couillin Isabelle
Published: December 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health issue primarily caused by cigarette smoke (CS) and characterized by breathlessness and repeated airway inflammation. NLRP6 is a cytosolic innate receptor controlling intestinal inflammation and orchestrating the colonic host–microbial interface. However, its roles in the lungs remain largely unexplored. Using CS exposure models, our data show that airway inflammation is strongly impaired in Nlrp6-deficient mice with drastically fewer recruited neutrophils, a key cell subset in inflammation and COPD. We found that NLRP6 expression in lung epithelial cells is important to control airway and lung tissue inflammation in an inflammasome-dependent manner. Since gut-derived metabolites regulate NLRP6 inflammasome activation in intestinal epithelial cells, we investigated the link between NLRP6, CS-driven lung inflammation, and gut microbiota composition. We report that acute CS exposure alters gut microbiota in both wild-type (WT) and Nlrp6-deficient mice and that antibiotic treatment decreases CS-induced lung inflammation. In addition, gut microbiota transfer from dysbiotic Nlrp6-deficient mice to WT mice decreased airway lung inflammation in WT mice, highlighting an NLRP6-dependent gut-to-lung axis controlling pulmonary inflammation.
ECP versus ruxolitinib in steroid-refractory acute GVHD – a retrospective study by the EBMT transplant complications working party
Authors: Penack Olaf , Peczynski Christophe , Boreland William , Lemaitre Jessica , Afanasyeva Ksenia , Kornblit Brian , Jurado Manuel , Martinez Carmen , Natale Annalisa , Pérez-Simón Jose Antonio , Brunello Lucia , Avenoso Daniele , Klein Stefan , Ozkurt Zubeyde Nur , Herrera Concha , Wichert Stina , Chiusolo Patrizia , Gavriilaki Eleni , Basak Grzegorz W. , Schoemans Hélène , Koenecke Christian , Moiseev Ivan , Peric Zinaida
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Extracorporal Photophoresis (ECP) is in clinical use for steroid-refractory and steroid-dependent acute GVHD (SR-aGVHD). Based on recent Phase-III study results, ruxolitinib has become the new standard of care for SR-aGVHD. Our aim was to collect comparative data between ruxolitinib and ECP in SR-aGVHD in order to improve the evidence base for clinical decision making.

Methods

We asked EBMT centers if they were willing to participate in this study by completing a data form (Med-C) with detailed information on GVHD grading, -therapy, -dosing, -response and complications for each included patient.

Results

31 centers responded positively (14%) and we included all patients receiving alloSCT between 1/2017-7/2019 and treated with ECP or ruxolitinib for SR-aGVHD grades II-IV from these centers. We identified 53 and 40 patients with grades II-IV SR-aGVHD who were treated with ECP and ruxolitinib, respectively. We performed multivariate analyses adjusted on grading and type of SR-aGVHD (steroid dependent vs. refractory). At day+90 after initiation of treatment for SR-aGVHD we found no statistically significant differences in overall response. The odds ratio in the ruxolitinib group to achieve overall response vs. the ECP group was 1.13 (95% CI = [0.41; 3.22], p = 0.81). In line, we detected no statistically significant differences in overall survival, progression-free survival, non-relapse mortality and relapse incidence.

Discussion

The clinical significance is limited by the retrospective study design and the current data can’t replace prospective studies on ECP in SR-aGVHD. However, the present results contribute to the accumulating evidence on ECP as an effective treatment option in SR-aGVHD.
Multifunctional composite with hybrid carbon fiber and carbonaceous coconut particle reinforcement
Authors: Feni Foster , Jahan Maryam , Zhao Rong , Li Guoqiang , Zhao Guang-Lin , Mensah Patrick F.
Published: December 2023

The utilization of multifunctional composite materials presents significant advantages in terms of system efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and miniaturization, making them highly valuable for a wide range of industrial applications. One approach to harness the multifunctionality of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is to integrate it with a secondary material to form a hybrid composite. In our previous research, we explored the use of carbonaceous material derived from coconut shells as a sustainable alternative to inorganic fillers, aiming to enhance the out-of-plane mechanical performance of CFRP. In this study, our focus is to investigate the influence of carbonized coconut shell particles on the non-structural properties of CFRP, specifically electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, thermal stability, and water absorption resistance. The carbonized material was prepared by thermal processing at 400 °C. Varying proportions of carbonized material, ranging from 1% to 5% by weight, were thoroughly mixed with epoxy resin to form the matrix used for impregnating woven carbon fabric with a volume fraction of 29%. Through measurements of scattering parameters, we found that the hybrid composites with particle loadings up to 3% exhibited EMI shielding effectiveness suitable for industrial applications. Also, incorporating low concentrations of carbonized particle to CFRP enhances the thermal stability of hybrid CFRP composites. However, the inclusion of carbonized particle to CFRP has a complex effect on the glass transition temperature. Even so, the hybrid composite with 2% particle loading exhibits the highest glass transition temperature and lowest damping factor among the tested variations. Furthermore, when subjected to a 7-day water immersion test, hybrid composites with 3% or less amount of carbonized particle showed the least water absorption. The favorable outcome can be attributed to good interfacial bonding at the matrix/fiber interface. Conversely, at higher particle concentrations, aggregation of particles and formation of interfacial and internal pores was observed, ultimately resulting in deteriorated measured properties. The improved non-structural functionalities observed in these biocomposites suggest the potential for a more sustainable and cost-effective alternative to their inorganic-based counterparts. This advancement in multifunctional composites could pave the way for enhanced applications of biocomposites in various industries.
A predictive model for residual lesions after LEEP surgery in CIN III patients
Authors: Deng Lihui , Wang Tiejun , Chen Ye , Tang Xueli , Xiang Dajun
Published: December 2023

Background and aims

The residual lesions after Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) contributes to poor prognosis in patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 (CIN3). The aim of this study is to establish an effective clinical predictive model for residual lesions in CIN3 patients after LEEP.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 436 CIN3 patients who underwent total hysterectomy within 3 months after LEEP. Based on the post-hysterectomy pathologic, the patients were divided into the no residual group and residual group. Clinical parameters were compared between the two groups, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for residual lesions in CIN3 patients after LEEP. Using R software, a nomogram model was established and its effectiveness was evaluated using calibration plots.

Results

There were 178 cases in the residual group and 258 cases in the no residual group. The two groups had no significant difference in general characteristics (p > 0.05). It was found that Post-LEEP follow-up HPV, Post-LEEP follow-up TCT, and the Gland involvement were independent risk factors for residual lesions in CIN3 patients after LEEP (all p < 0.05). The consistency index (C-index) of the nomogram model for predicting residual lesions was 0.975 (0.962–0.988).

Conclusion

The Post-LEEP follow-up HPV, Post-LEEP follow-up TCT, and Gland involvement are independent risk factors related to residual tissue after LEEP surgery in CIN3 patients. The constructed nomogram can effectively predict the presence of residual tissue after LEEP surgery in CIN3 patients and has good practical value.
A semi-quantitative upconversion nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection
Authors: Ding Hai , Zhang Wanying , Wang Shu-an , Li Chuang , Li Wanting , Liu Jing , Yu Fang , Tao Yanru , Cheng Siyun , Xie Hui , Chen Yuxin
Published: December 2023

The unprecedented public health and economic impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been met with an equally unprecedented scientific response. Sensitive point-of-care methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigens in clinical specimens are urgently required for the rapid screening of individuals with viral infection. Here, we developed an upconversion nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (UCNP-LFIA) for the high-sensitivity detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. A pair of rabbit SARS-CoV-2 N-specific monoclonal antibodies was conjugated to UCNPs, and the prepared UCNPs were then deposited into the LFIA test strips for detecting and capturing the N protein. Under the test conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of UCNP-LFIA for the N protein was 3.59 pg/mL, with a linear range of 0.01–100 ng/mL. Compared with that of the current colloidal gold-based LFIA strips, the LOD of the UCNP-LFIA-based method was increased by 100-fold. The antigen recovery rate of the developed method in the simulated pharyngeal swab samples ranged from 91.1 to 117.3%. Furthermore, compared with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the developed UCNP-LFIA method showed a sensitivity of 94.73% for 19 patients with COVID-19. Thus, the newly established platform could serve as a promising and convenient fluorescent immunological sensing approach for the efficient screening and diagnosis of COVID-19.
Functional features of a novel interferon-stimulated gene SHFL: a comprehensive review
Authors: Wang Xingzheng , Zhang A-Mei
Published: December 2023

Various interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), expressed via Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway-stimulated IFNs to increase antiviral effects or regulate immune response, perform different roles in virus-infected cells. In recent years, a novel ISG, SHFL, which is located in the genomic region 19p13.2 and comprises two isoforms, has been studied as a virus-inhibiting agent. Studies have shown that SHFL suppressive effects on human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV), Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). SHFL interacts with various viral and host molecules to inhibit viral life circle and activities, such as replication, translation, and ribosomal frameshifting, or regulates host pathways to degrade viral proteins. In this review, we summarized the functional features of SHFL to provide insights to underlying mechanisms of the antiviral effects of SHFL and explored its potential function.
The burden of epilepsy in the People’s Republic of China from 1990 to 2019: epidemiological trends and comparison with the global burden of epilepsy
Authors: Shu Yun , Wu Zhifeng , Yang Xiaolin , Song Min , Ye Yangyang , Zhang Chunqing , Yuan Qing , Wang Li
Published: December 2023

Background

Epilepsy is associated with a significant global burden of disease, affecting over 50 million people worldwide. The specific aim of this study is to compare the burden of epilepsy in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) with the global burden, and to analyze the epidemiological trends of epilepsy, the relationship between the burden of epilepsy and social demographic index (SDI), and the relative contributions of epidemiological factors.

Methods

This is a retrospective population-based study, data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2019. We employed Joinpoint software and the age-period-cohort (APC) model to analyze epilepsy’s epidemiological trends. Health inequality analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of SDI on epilepsy burden. Decomposition analysis was performed to examine the relative contributions of age, population, and epidemiological changes to epilepsy.

Results

Between 1990 and 2019, the incidence rate in the PRC increased by 45%, significantly surpassing the global incidence of epilepsy. However, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) decreased notably, and the proportion of Years of Life Lost (YLL) decreased from 62.73 to 39.03%. Concerning incidence, the period Rate Ratio (RR) in the PRC initially increased and then decreased, while the cohort RR in the PRC and globally exhibited a consistent upward trend. In terms of mortality, period RR and cohort RR in the PRC displayed a gradual decrease, with mortality starting higher but eventually falling below the global mortality. The net drifts of incidence were greater than 0, whereas the net drifts of mortality were less than 0, both were lower in the PRC than at the global level. Decomposition analysis indicated that the changes of incidence and mortality in the PRC were mainly attributed to epidemiological changes. Additionally, global disparities in epilepsy decreased, with the burden concentrating in low SDI countries.

Conclusion

The incidence of epilepsy in the PRC rose during the 30-year study period, while epilepsy mortality decreased. The improved survival rate in the PRC is predominantly attributable to epidemiological changes. The burden of epilepsy in the PRC predominantly affects males, children, and the elderly, Chinese government should focus on specific populations.
EEG spectral and microstate analysis originating residual inhibition of tinnitus induced by tailor-made notched music training
Authors: Zhu Min , Gong Qin
Published: December 2023

Tailor-made notched music training (TMNMT) is a promising therapy for tinnitus. Residual inhibition (RI) is one of the few interventions that can temporarily inhibit tinnitus, which is a useful technique that can be applied to tinnitus research and explore tinnitus mechanisms. In this study, RI effect of TMNMT in tinnitus was investigated mainly using behavioral tests, EEG spectral and microstate analysis. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate RI effect of TMNMT. A total of 44 participants with tinnitus were divided into TMNMT group (22 participants; ECnm, NMnm, RInm represent that EEG recordings with eyes closed stimuli-pre, stimuli-ing, stimuli-post by TMNMT music, respectively) and Placebo control group (22 participants; ECpb, PBpb, RIpb represent that EEG recordings with eyes closed stimuli-pre, stimuli-ing, stimuli-post by Placebo music, respectively) in a single-blind manner. Behavioral tests, EEG spectral analysis (covering delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma frequency bands) and microstate analysis (involving four microstate classes, A to D) were employed to evaluate RI effect of TMNMT. The results of the study showed that TMNMT had a stronger inhibition ability and longer inhibition time according to the behavioral tests compared to Placebo. Spectral analysis showed that RI effect of TMNMT increased significantly the power spectral density (PSD) of delta, theta bands and decreased significantly the PSD of alpha2 band, and microstate analysis showed that RI effect of TMNMT had shorter duration (microstate B, microstate C), higher Occurrence (microstate A, microstate C, microstate D), Coverage (microstate A) and transition probabilities (microstate A to microstate B, microstate A to microstate D and microstate D to microstate A). Meanwhile, RI effect of Placebo decreased significantly the PSD of alpha2 band, and microstate analysis showed that RI effect of Placebo had shorter duration (microstate C, microstate D), higher occurrence (microstate B, microstate C), lower coverage (microstate C, microstate D), higher transition probabilities (microstate A to microstate B, microstate B to microstate A). It was also found that the intensity of tinnitus symptoms was significant positively correlated with the duration of microstate B in five subgroups (ECnm, NMnm, RInm, ECpb, PBpb). Our study provided valuable experimental evidence and practical applications for the effectiveness of TMNMT as a novel music therapy for tinnitus. The observed stronger residual inhibition (RI) ability of TMNMT supported its potential applications in tinnitus treatment. Furthermore, the temporal dynamics of EEG microstates serve as novel functional and trait markers of synchronous brain activity that contribute to a deep understanding of the neural mechanism underlying TMNMT treatment for tinnitus.
Retinal arterial–venous pulse delay: a new specific marker for a carotid–cavernous fistula
Authors: Linton Edward F. , Tedeschi Thomas R. , Ahmad Noor-Us-Sabah , Wang Jui-Kai , Kardon Randy H.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to describe ocular blood flow changes in eyes affected by a carotid–cavernous fistula (CCF) using laser speckle flowgraphy. We hypothesized that imaging blood flow velocity waveforms in the retinal arterioles and venules simultaneously would reveal specific characteristics of an arteriovenous (AV) connection.

Design

The study was an observational case series, with a retrospective case–control analysis.

Methods

Five patients with a CCF underwent measurement of ocular blood flow using laser speckle flowgraphy. The blood flow was compared retrospectively between a control group of healthy subjects (n = 32) and patients with an elevated intraocular pressure or venous outflow impairment without an AV fistula (n = 40). The outcomes were derived from the arteriole and venule blood flow velocity waveforms, including an A–V phase delay and flow pulsatility.

Results

The presence of an active CCF was associated with an increased delay in the peak velocity measured in the retinal venule (10.7% ± 2.2% of the cardiac cycle duration) compared with unaffected fellow eyes (1.8% ± 0.2%; p = 0.05) or control eyes of normal subjects (2.7% ± 0.3%; p = 0.02). This delay disappeared after fistula thrombosis and was not present in eyes with a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), glaucoma, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), or papilledema. The venule blood flow velocity decreased during systole (and in some cases momentarily stopped), leading to a delayed pulse with a greater amplitude in the venules than in fellow eyes and normal controls after normalizing to the arteriole amplitude (1.71 ± 0.3 vs 0.54 ± 0.03 vs 0.59 ± 0.02; p = 8.0E-12). This specific AV delay could also be identified in a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO; SPECTRALIS®) video.

Conclusion

Laser speckle flowgraphy reveals dynamic retinal vascular changes in eyes affected by a CCF, which are not present in healthy controls or patients with other eye conditions, and which reverses with treatment.
From the CONSORT to the ConPhyMP statement and beyond—how to ascertain best practice
Authors: Heinrich Michael , Jalil Banaz
Published: December 2023

With the implementation of the ConPhyMP reporting tool as an element of peer review in Frontiers in Pharmacology, Section Ethnopharmacology and in other journals, this short perspective paper highlights the use of a new tool available via the website of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (https://ga-online.org/best-practice/) and how to use it. The ConPhyMP guidelines and the tool cover the relevant aspects which need to be reported when studying a plant extract using pharmacological, toxicological microbiological, clinical and other approaches. In our vision, science will only remain impactful if it is based on a drive for best practice, i.e., on a sound conceptual and methodological basis.
Thylakoid Lumen; from “proton bag” to photosynthetic functionally important compartment
Authors: Farci Domenica , Schröder Wolfgang P.
Published: December 2023

This mini review provides an update of the thylakoid lumen, shedding light on its intricate structure, unique proteome, and potential physiological significance. This compartment within the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts was originally perceived as “empty”, only providing a site for proton accumulation to support ATP formation. Instead, recent investigations have revealed that the lumen houses a specific set of proteins each with potentially critical roles. The structure of this compartment has been shown to be dynamic, with changes in size and organization influenced by light exposure, impacting protein mobility and function. Noteworthy, some of the lumen proteins are permanently or transiently in contact with protein complexes located in the thylakoid membrane, such as PSII (PsbP-like and PsbQ-like proteins) cytochrome b6f, and PSI. Meanwhile, other lumen proteins seems to be more “independent” such as proteases, immunophilins, stress-related proteins, pentapeptide repeat proteins, and many others with unknown functions. All these proteins play crucial roles in maintaining photosynthetic machinery, adapting to environmental stress, and regulating cellular processes. Understanding the lumen’s function is vital as it holds promise for uncovering novel regulatory interactions and signaling pathways within the chloroplast.
Boosting grapevine breeding for climate-smart viticulture: from genetic resources to predictive genomics
Authors: Magon Gabriele , De Rosa Valeria , Martina Matteo , Falchi Rachele , Acquadro Alberto , Barcaccia Gianni , Portis Ezio , Vannozzi Alessandro , De Paoli Emanuele
Published: December 2023

The multifaceted nature of climate change is increasing the urgency to select resilient grapevine varieties, or generate new, fitter cultivars, to withstand a multitude of new challenging conditions. The attainment of this goal is hindered by the limiting pace of traditional breeding approaches, which require decades to result in new selections. On the other hand, marker-assisted breeding has proved useful when it comes to traits governed by one or few genes with great effects on the phenotype, but its efficacy is still restricted for complex traits controlled by many loci. On these premises, innovative strategies are emerging which could help guide selection, taking advantage of the genetic diversity within the Vitis genus in its entirety. Multiple germplasm collections are also available as a source of genetic material for the introgression of alleles of interest via adapted and pioneering transformation protocols, which present themselves as promising tools for future applications on a notably recalcitrant species such as grapevine. Genome editing intersects both these strategies, not only by being an alternative to obtain focused changes in a relatively rapid way, but also by supporting a fine-tuning of new genotypes developed with other methods. A review on the state of the art concerning the available genetic resources and the possibilities of use of innovative techniques in aid of selection is presented here to support the production of climate-smart grapevine genotypes.
Variety-driven rhizosphere microbiome bestows differential salt tolerance to alfalfa for coping with salinity stress
Authors: Fan Wenqiang , Xiao Yanzi , Dong Jiaqi , Xing Jing , Tang Fang , Shi Fengling
Published: December 2023

Soil salinization is a global environmental issue and a significant abiotic stress that threatens crop production. Root-associated rhizosphere microbiota play a pivotal role in enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, limited information is available concerning the specific variations in rhizosphere microbiota driven by different plant genotypes (varieties) in response to varying levels of salinity stress. In this study, we compared the growth performance of three alfalfa varieties with varying salt tolerance levels in soils with different degrees of salinization. High-throughput 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing were employed to analyze the rhizosphere microbial communities. Undoubtedly, the increasing salinity significantly inhibited alfalfa growth and reduced rhizosphere microbial diversity. However, intriguingly, salt-tolerant varieties exhibited relatively lower susceptibility to salinity, maintaining more stable rhizosphere bacterial community structure, whereas the reverse was observed for salt-sensitive varieties. Bacillus emerged as the dominant species in alfalfa's adaptation to salinity stress, constituting 21.20% of the shared bacterial genera among the three varieties. The higher abundance of Bacillus, Ensifer, and Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere of salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties is crucial in determining their elevated salt tolerance. As salinity levels increased, salt-sensitive varieties gradually accumulated a substantial population of pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium and Rhizoctonia. Furthermore, rhizosphere bacteria of salt-tolerant varieties exhibited increased activity in various metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. It is suggested that salt-tolerant alfalfa varieties can provide more carbon sources to the rhizosphere, enriching more effective plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) such as Pseudomonas to mitigate salinity stress. In conclusion, our results highlight the variety-mediated enrichment of rhizosphere microbiota in response to salinity stress, confirming that the high-abundance enrichment of specific dominant rhizosphere microbes and their vital roles play a significant role in conferring high salt adaptability to these varieties.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument: evidence from mainland China
Authors: Shek Daniel T. L. , Leung Kim Hung , Li Xiang , Dou Diya
Published: December 2023

Regarding the assessment of family functioning in Chinese people, there are several research gaps. First, although there are some instruments in the field, there are very few validated instruments. Second, while some translated measures have been developed, there are very few assessment tools based on indigenous Chinese concepts. Third, compared to Hong Kong, research on family assessment is relatively inactive in mainland China. Fourth, there are very few family assessment tools to assess perceived family functioning in older children and early adolescents. Fifth, few studies used large samples to validate family assessment tools. Sixth, researchers seldom utilized longitudinal data to examine the psychometric properties of family assessment tools. Finally, few studies have examined factorial validity across samples and time to demonstrate the stability of Chinese family assessment measures. In Hong Kong, based on focus group data (i.e., indigenous concepts of family functioning) and an integration with the family science literature, we have developed the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI) to assess perceived family functioning according to the perception of adolescents. Results showed that the C-FAI possessed good reliability and validity. Specifically, five dimensions of the measure (mutuality, communication, conflict, parental concern and parental control) were supported via exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity and reliability of the C-FAI were illustrated. To understand the psychometric properties of the C-FAI in mainland China, we collected three waves of data from students in the period of preadolescence and early adolescence in mainland China (N = 3,732). Based on the data, we examined the psychometric properties of the measure, particularly factor invariance in different samples and at different times. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the five dimensions in C-FAI, including factorial invariance in terms of configuration, factor loading, intercepts, and over time. There was evidence for convergent validity and discriminant validity of the measure. Finally, reliability analyses showed that the total C-FAI scale and its subscales are internally consistent. The present findings suggest that family researchers and practitioners can use the C-FAI to objectively assess perceived family functioning in preadolescence and early adolescence in different Chinese communities.