bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O conceito de realização simbólica e os quadros psicóticos: Interlocuções entre os trabalhos de M.A. Sechehaye e D.W. Winnicott
Authors: Busatto Pedro Sóglia , Safra Gilberto
Published: December 2018

O artigo enfoca o resultado da investigação do conceito de realização simbólica, de M.A. Sechehaye, em diálogo com conceitos winnicottianos utilizados na atualidade. Aborda-se brevemente a influência da autora dentro da psicanálise e de outros campos do conhecimento, e se coloca em interlocução suas concepções sobre psicose com algumas das apresentadas por Winnicott. Verificou-se que podem ser feitos pontos de articulação entre o método de tratamento da autora e a práxis winnicottiana, apesar de os autores partirem de referenciais teóricos distintos. A articulação entre as contribuições dos autores apresenta-se como campo fecundo de pesquisa para a prática clínica contemporânea.
A ilusão (psico)pedagógica e o empobrecimento das experiências educativas (entrevista a Leandro de Lajonquière)
Authors: Rodrigues Rogério , Reis Magali
Published: December 2018

Entrevista a Leandro de Lajonquière
La Pólis, el Estado y los Ciudadanos de la Democracia Ateniense Como Una Comunidad Indivisa
Authors: Paiaro Diego
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se analizan los recientes debates (junto con algunas de sus derivaciones) acerca de la operatividad del concepto de Estado para caracterizar a la pólis griega en general y a la ciudad democrática de Atenas en particular. En segundo lugar, se señalan algunos límites con los que los historiadores se han topado al intentar caracterizar, alternativamente, a la pólis democrática ateniense como una sociedad “con” Estado y “sin” Estado. Finalmente, se recogen los aportes de la antropología política y se exploran sus potencialidades para pensar al grupo de los ciudadanos como una comunidad indivisa en la que el poder resultaba elidido en tanto operaban diversos mecanismos que buscaban evitar el desarrollo de una fractura permanente entre gobernantes y gobernados.
Las tensiones entre lo global y lo local en Lumpérica, de Diamela Etit
Authors: Szaszak Ulla
Published: December 2018

Lumpérica, de la escritora chilena Diamela Eltit (1983), pone en tensión las relaciones entre lo local y lo global al menos en dos dimensiones. En primer lugar, en el plano temático y político, en el que se juega el problema de la identidad (nacional), del cual participan los contextos globales (económico-capitalistas) y los locales (la dictadura de Pinochet). Éstos delinean ciertas formas de existencia socioeconómicas de la (pos)modernidad que tendrían incidencia sobre las formas de construcción de una identidad local, “chilena” paradójicamente a partir de la priorización de aquellas identidades no canónicas en relación a la nacionalidad: los excluidos y los marginados. Y en segundo lugar, la díada global-local se juega también en el plano teórico y estético, a partir de las elecciones implícitas y las afirmaciones metapoéticas de orden explícito que asdcriben a corrientes estéticas y teóricas postestructuralistas que permiten no sólo un ocultamiento o disimulo del aspecto contextual, sino también una apropiación estética, a partir de ese entre-lugar latinoamericano (Santiago, 1978).
Movimento ao interior da personagem: fissuras na tensão mínima em "Caetés", de Graciliano Ramos
Authors: Furtado Pedro Barbosa Rudge , Leonel Maria Célia De Moraes
Published: December 2018

O objetivo do presente artigo é assinalar o surgimento, mesmo que embrionário, da introspecção em Caetés, característica marcante em obras posteriores de Graciliano Ramos. Trata-se de ampliar o modo como a crítica tem avaliado essa narrativa e a produção do autor, considerando a primeira, muitas vezes, apenas como romance de costumes, analisando o início da presença do mergulho introspectivo somente em livros que vieram depois. Fazendo uso de alguns textos da fortuna crítica do livro e estudos sobre o nosso romance, mostramos como Caetés movimenta-se entre a tensão mínima e a interiorizada, alterando a sua forma/conteúdo dependendo do momento narrativo.
Exílio, memória, paisagem: um lugar do sujeito na poesia de Dante Milano
Authors: Shiguehara Alexandre Koji
Published: December 2018

A resposta da poesia de Dante Milano à realidade do deslocamento do homem moderno parece compor-se num espaço intervalar cavado pela intimidade – a qual, sem se evadir por completo da vida objetiva, não deixa de reconhecer em relação a ela um radical dis-tanciamento, nomeado em certos poemas como o exílio. Manifesta-se a natureza íntima desse exílio poético na voz baixa, na serenidade de tom própria do poeta capaz de relativizar a dor e evitar a expressão do desespero por confiar na profundidade da instância subjetiva em que o canto se instaura e, discretamente, perdura.
As cartas do padre Antônio Vieira no Maranhão: apontamentos sobre a teologia-política das missões na retórica epistolar
Authors: Munhós Fernando Brescancini
Published: December 2018

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo apresentar algumas particularidades da retórica das cartas escritas pelo padre Antônio Vieira entre 1653 e 1661, período em que atuou como missionário no Estado do Maranhão e Grão-Pará. Pretende, assim, apontar como os procedimentos e técnicas da representação nos textos são determinantes para a viabilidade das ações do jesuíta na conversão dos índios e administração dos aldeamentos, ao articular com destinatários interessados os conceitos centrais da política católica do Estado português do século XVII. Com isso, a proposta almeja propor uma perspectiva histórica sobre a relação de Vieira com a presença, na região, do trabalho cativo dos índios.
Amós e a "memória que tudo dita" nas "Elegias do país das Gerais", de Dantas Motta
Authors: Camilo Vagner
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem por escopo examinar as peculiaridades do memorialismo poético de Dantas Motta no segundo livro de sua obra maior (Elegias do país das Gerais). Tais peculiaridades compreendem a visada crítica lançada ao passado; a figuração do eu como poeta-jurista e poeta-profeta; e o discurso elegíaco concebido a partir da fusão da linguagem poética e do jargão jurídico.
Statins Reduce Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth in Marfan Syndrome Mice via Inhibition of the Ras‐Induced ERK (Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase) Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sato Tetsuya , Arakawa Mamoru , Tashima Yasushi , Tsuboi Eitoshi , Burdon Grayson , Trojan Jeffrey , Koyano Tiffany , Youn Young‐Nam , Penov Kiril , Pedroza Albert J. , Shabazzi Mohammad , Palmon Itai , Nguyen Marie Noel , Connolly Andrew J. , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Fischbein Michael P.
Published: December 2018

Background

Statins reduce aneurysm growth in mouse models of Marfan syndrome, although the mechanism is unknown. In addition to reducing cholesterol, statins block farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, which participate in membrane‐bound G‐protein signaling, including Ras. We dissected the prenylation pathway to define the effect of statins on aneurysm reduction.

Methods and Results

Fbn1
C1039G/+
mice were treated with (1) pravastatin (HMG‐CoA [3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A] reductase inhibitor), (2) manumycin A (
MA
;
FPT
inhibitor), (3) perillyl alcohol (
GGPT
1 and ‐2 inhibitor), or (4) vehicle control from age 4 to 8 weeks and euthanized at 12 weeks. Histological characterization was performed. Protein analysis was completed on aortic specimens to measure ERK (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase) signaling. In vitro
Fbn1
C1039G/+
aortic smooth muscle cells were utilized to measure Ras‐dependent
ERK
signaling and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity. Pravastatin and
MA
significantly reduced aneurysm growth compared with vehicle control (n=8 per group). In contrast,
PA
did not significantly decrease aneurysm size. Histology illustrated reduced elastin breakdown in
MA
‐treated mice compared with vehicle control (n=5 per group). Although elevated in control Marfan mice, both phosphorylated c‐Raf and phosphorylated
ERK
1/2 were significantly reduced in
MA
‐treated mice (4–5 per group). In vitro smooth muscle cell studies confirmed phosphorylated
cR
af and phosphorylated
ERK
1/2 signaling was elevated in
Fbn1
C1039G/+
smooth muscle cells (n=5 per group).
Fbn1
C1039G/+
smooth muscle cell Ras‐dependent
ERK
signaling and
MMP
activity were reduced following
MA
treatment (n=5 per group). Corroborating in vitro findings,
MMP
activity was also decreased in pravastatin‐treated mice.

Conclusions

Aneurysm reduction in
Fbn1
C1039G/+
mice following pravastatin and
MA
treatment was associated with a decrease in Ras‐dependent
ERK
signaling.
MMP
activity can be reduced by diminishing Ras signaling.
Elevated Inflammatory Plasma Biomarkers in Patients With Fabry Disease: A Critical Link to Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Yogasundaram Haran , Nikhanj Anish , Putko Brendan N. , Boutin Michel , Jain‐Ghai Shailly , Khan Aneal , Auray‐Blais Christiane , West Michael L. , Oudit Gavin Y.
Published: December 2018

Background

Because systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction lead to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, we characterized plasma levels of inflammatory and cardiac remodeling biomarkers in patients with Fabry disease (
FD
).

Methods and Results

Plasma biomarkers were studied in multicenter cohorts of patients with
FD
(n=68) and healthy controls (n=40). Plasma levels of the following markers of inflammation and cardiac remodeling were determined: tumor necrosis factor (
TNF
),
TNF
receptor 1 (
TNFR
1) and 2 (
TNFR
2), interleukin‐6, matrix metalloprotease‐2 (
MMP
‐2),
MMP
‐8,
MMP
‐9, galectin‐1, galectin‐3, B‐type natriuretic peptide (
BNP
), midregional pro–atrial natriuretic peptide (
MR
‐pro
ANP
), and globotriaosylsphingosine. Clinical profile, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiogram were reviewed and correlated with biomarkers. Patients with
FD
had elevated plasma levels of
BNP
,
MR
‐pro
ANP
,
MMP
‐2,
MMP
‐9,
TNF
,
TNFR
1,
TNFR
2, interleukin‐6, galectin‐1, globotriaosylsphingosine, and analogues. Plasma
TNFR
2,
TNF
, interleukin‐6,
MMP
‐2, and globotriaosylsphingosine were elevated in
FD
patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, whereas diastolic dysfunction correlated with higher
BNP
,
MR
‐pro
ANP
, and
MMP
‐2 levels. Patients with late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging had greater levels of
BNP
,
MR
‐pro
ANP
,
TNFR
1,
TNFR
2, and
MMP
‐2. Plasma
BNP
,
MR
‐pro
ANP
,
MMP
‐2,
MMP
‐8,
TNF
,
TNFR
1,
TNFR
2, galectin‐1, and galectin‐3 were elevated in patients with renal dysfunction. Patients undergoing enzyme replacement therapy who have more severe disease had higher
MMP
‐2,
TNF
,
TNFR
1,
TNFR
2, and globotriaosylsphingosine analogue levels.

Conclusions

Inflammatory and cardiac remodeling biomarkers are elevated in
FD
patients and correlate with disease progression. These features are consistent with a phenotype dominated by heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and suggest a key pathogenic role of systemic inflammation in
FD
.
Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Dietary Pattern and Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Results From the ARIC Study
Authors: Haring Bernhard , Selvin Elizabeth , He Xintong , Coresh Josef , Steffen Lyn M. , Folsom Aaron R. , Tang Weihong , Rebholz Casey M.
Published: December 2018

Background

The role of a healthy dietary pattern in the prevention of abdominal aortic aneurysms (
AAA
) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between adherence to a Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension‐style dietary pattern and the risk of incident
AAA
s.

Methods and Results

Dietary intake was assessed via a 66‐item food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1987–1989) and at visit 3 (1993–1995) in 13 496 participants enrolled in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study without clinical
AAA
(mean age, 54 years). A dietary scoring index based on food times was constructed to assess self‐reported adherence to a dietary approaches to stop hypertension‐style dietary pattern. Participants were followed for incident clinical
AAA
s using hospital discharge diagnoses, Medicare inpatient and outpatient diagnoses, or death certificates through December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazards models with covariate adjustment were used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. During a median follow‐up of 23 years, there were 517 incident
AAA
cases. Individuals with a Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension‐style diet score in the highest quintile had a 40% lower risk of hospitalization for
AAA
than those in the lowest quintile (hazard ratio
Q5 vs Q1
: 0.60; 95% confidence intervals: 0.44, 0.83;
P
trend
=0.002). In detailed analyses, higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low‐fat dairy, and nuts and legumes was related to a lower risk for
AAA
.

Conclusions

Greater adherence to a Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension‐style dietary pattern was associated with lower risk for
AAA
. Higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low‐fat dairy as well as nuts and legumes may help to decrease the burden of
AAA
s.
Body Mass Index From Early‐, Mid‐, and Older‐Adulthood and Risk of Heart Failure and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: MESA
Authors: Fliotsos Michael , Zhao Di , Rao Vishal N. , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Guallar Eliseo , Burke Gregory L. , Vaidya Dhanajay , Delaney Joseph (Chris) A. , Michos Erin D.
Published: December 2018

Background

Obesity contributes significantly to risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and especially for heart failure (HF). An elevated body mass index (BMI) in older adults might not carry the same risk as in younger adults, but measured weights at other lifetime points are often not available. We determined the associations of self‐reported weights from early‐ and mid‐adulthood, after accounting for measured weight at older age, with incident HF/ASCVD risk.

Methods and Results

We studied 6437 MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants (aged 45–84, free of baseline HF/ASCVD) with self‐reported weights at ages 20 and 40 years (by questionnaire), measured weights at up to 5 in‐person examinations (2000–2012), and follow‐up for adjudicated HF/ASCVD events. Participant mean±SD age at the baseline examination was 62.2±10.2 years. Over median follow‐up of 13 years, 290 HF and 828 ASCVD events occurred. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and baseline BMI, higher self‐reported weights at ages 20 and 40 years were independently associated with increased risk of incident HF with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.27 (1.07–1.50) and 1.36 (1.18–1.57), respectively, per 5‐kg/m
2
higher BMI. For incident ASCVD, only higher BMI at age 20 years was associated after accounting for current BMI (1.13 [1.01–1.26] per 5 kg/m
2
). Obesity during follow‐up examinations was also associated with incident HF (1.72 [1.21–2.45]) but not ASCVD.

Conclusions

Self‐reported lifetime weight is a low‐tech tool easily utilized in any clinical encounter. Although subject to recall bias, self‐reported weights may provide prognostic information about future HF risk, incremental to current BMI, in a multiethnic cohort of middle‐aged to older adults.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00005487.
Eligibility, Clinical Outcomes, and Budget Impact of PCSK9 Inhibitor Adoption: The CANHEART PCSK9 Study
Authors: Ko Dennis T. , Khan Anam M. , Kotrri Gynter , Austin Peter C. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Koh Maria , Chu Anna , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Lawler Patrick R. , Tu Jack V.
Published: December 2018

Background

The FOURIER (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9i [Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin‐Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors] in Subjects With Elevated Risk) trial found a reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (
ASCVD
). Our objective was to estimate the eligibility, clinical outcomes, and budget impact of adopting
PCSK
9i in a large healthcare system.

Methods and Results

Ontario, Canada, residents alive in 2011, aged 40 to 85 years, were eligible for inclusion.
PCSK
9i eligibility was determined on the basis of
FOURIER
trial definition. Hazard ratios observed in the
FOURIER
trial were applied to assess the number of events that could be avoided. Budget impact was calculated as the difference between projected costs of treatment adoption and events avoided if
PCSK
9i were used. Of the 2.4 million included individuals, 5.3% had a history of
ASCVD
. We estimated that 2.7% of the general population and 51.9% of the patients with ASCVD would be eligible for
PCSK
9i. Adoption of
PCSK
9i in all eligible patients with ASCVD was projected to reduce primary events rates by 1.8% after 3 years. Despite cost reduction of $44 million in events,
PCSK
9i adoption would have a net budget impact of $1.5 billion over 3 years. Potential benefits of
PCSK
9i varied widely across subgroups, with the largest absolute risk reduction estimated to be 4.3% at 3 years in peripheral artery disease. In this subgroup of 5601 patients, the budget impact of treatment adoption was $116 million.

Conclusions

We estimated that ≈1 in 2 patients with ASCVD would be eligible for
PCSK
9i. The budget impact of adopting
PCSK
9i for all patients with ASCVD is substantial. Selective adoption to high‐risk patients will lessen the overall budgetary impact of
PCSK
9i treatment.
Modifiable Predictors of Ventricular Ectopy in the Community
Authors: Kerola Tuomas , Dewland Thomas A. , Vittinghoff Eric , Heckbert Susan R. , Stein Phyllis K. , Marcus Gregory M.
Published: December 2018

Background

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) predict heart failure and death. Data regarding modifiable risk factors for PVCs are scarce.

Methods and Results

We studied 1424 Cardiovascular Health Study participants randomly assigned to 24‐hour Holter monitoring. Demographics, comorbidities, habits, and echocardiographic measurements were examined as predictors of PVC frequency and, among 845 participants, change in PVC frequency 5 years later. Participants exhibited a median of 0.6 (interquartile range, 0.1–7.1) PVCs per hour. Of the more directly modifiable characteristics and after multivariable adjustment, every SD increase in systolic blood pressure was associated with 9% more PVCs (95% confidence interval [CI], 2%–17%;
P
=0.01), regularly performing no or low‐intensity exercise compared with more physical activity was associated with ≈15% more PVCs (95% CI, 3–25%;
P
=0.02), and those with a history of smoking exhibited an average of 18% more PVCs (95% CI, 3–36%;
P
=0.02) than did never smokers. After 5 years, PVC frequency increased from a median of 0.5 (IQR, 0.1–4.7) to 1.2 (IQR, 0.1–13.8) per hour (
P
<0.0001). Directly modifiable predictors of 5‐year increase in PVCs, described as the odds per each quintile increase in PVCs, included increased diastolic blood pressure (odds ratio per SD increase, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02–1.31;
P
=0.02) and a history of smoking (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02–1.68;
P
=0.04).

Conclusions

Enhancing physical activity, smoking cessation, and aggressive control of blood pressure may represent fruitful strategies to mitigate PVC frequency and PVC‐associated adverse outcomes.
Metabolites Associated With the Risk of Incident Venous Thromboembolism: A Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Jiang Xia , Zeleznik Oana A. , Lindström Sara , Lasky‐Su Jessica , Hagan Kaitlin , Clish Clary B. , Eliassen A. Heather , Kraft Peter , Kabrhel Christopher
Published: December 2018

Background

Venous thromboembolism (
VTE
) is a complex thrombotic disorder that constitutes a major source of mortality and morbidity. To improve understanding of the cause of
VTE
, we conducted a metabolomic analysis in a case‐control study including 240 incident
VTE
cases and 6963 controls nested within 3 large prospective population‐based cohorts, the Nurses’ Health Study, the Nurses’ Health Study
II
, and the Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study.

Methods and Results

For each individual, we measured 211 metabolites and collected detailed information on lifestyle factors. We performed logistic regression and enrichment analysis to identify metabolites and biological categories associated with incident
VTE
risk, accounting for key confounders, such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and comorbid diseases (eg, cancers). We performed analyses of all
VTEs
and separate analyses of pulmonary embolism. Using the basic model controlling for age, sex, and primary disease, we identified 60 nominally significant
VTE
‐ or pulmonary embolism–associated metabolites (
P
<0.05). These metabolites were enriched for diacylglycerols (
P
permutation
<0.05). However, after controlling for multiple testing, only 1 metabolite (C5 carnitine; odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.41;
P
corrected
=0.03) remained significantly associated with
VTE
. After further adjustment for body mass index, no metabolites were significantly associated with disease after accounting for multiple testing, and no metabolite classes were enriched for nominally significant associations.

Conclusions

Although our findings suggest that circulating metabolites may influence the risk of incident
VTE
, the associations we observed were confounded by body mass index. Larger studies involving additional individuals and with broader metabolomics coverage are needed to confirm our findings.
Bidirectional and Temporal Association Between Hypertension and Microalbuminuria: A Longitudinal Study in Chinese Adults
Authors: Zhang Mingzhi , Jiang Yanbo , Zhang Qiu , Chen Yan , He Yan , Lin Yao , Peng Hao
Published: December 2018

Background

Although hypertension and microalbuminuria are closely interrelated, the magnitude and temporal sequence of the bidirectional association between hypertension and microalbuminuria are largely unknown. We aimed to delineate the bidirectional and temporal relationship between hypertension and microalbuminuria.

Methods and Results

Leveraging a longitudinal cohort of Chinese adults who had blood pressure and urinary albumin measured twice 4 years apart, we examined the temporal association between hypertension and microalbuminuria by bidirectional and cross‐lagged panel analysis. All participants were free of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease at baseline. Bidirectional association analysis found that baseline microalbuminuria predicted the risk of incident hypertension (odds ratio=1.75,
P
=0.028), and baseline blood pressure also significantly predicted the risk of microalbuminuria (odds ratios=1.27 and 1.21 for a per‐SD increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively; all
P
<0.05). Cross‐lagged panel analysis demonstrated a bottom‐line significant relationship of baseline systolic blood pressure to follow‐up urinary albumin (
P
=0.079), which is significantly weaker than the other direction of the relationship of baseline urinary albumin to follow‐up blood pressures (all
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

These findings indicate a significant bidirectional association between microalbuminuria and hypertension in Chinese adults. Elevated urinary albumin excretion is more likely to precede hypertension. The causality between microalbuminuria and hypertension needs further investigation.
Is the Cost-Effectiveness of Stroke Thrombolysis Affected by Proportion of Stroke Mimics?
Authors: Liberman Ava L. , Choi Ho-Jun , French Dustin D. , Prabhakaran Shyam
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose—

Differentiating ischemic stroke patients from stroke mimics (SM), nonvascular conditions which simulate stroke, can be challenging in the acute setting. We sought to model the cost-effectiveness of treating suspected acute ischemic stroke patients before a definitive diagnosis could be made. We hypothesized that we would identify threshold proportions of SM among suspected stroke patients arriving to an emergency department above which administration of intravenous thrombolysis was no longer cost-effective.

Methods—

We constructed a decision-analytic model to examine various emergency department thrombolytic treatment scenarios. The main variables were proportion of SM to true stroke patients, time from symptom onset to treatment, and complication rates. Costs, reimbursement rates, and expected clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke and SM patients were estimated from published data. We report the 90-day incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of administering intravenous thrombolysis compared with no acute treatment from a healthcare sector perspective, as well as the cost-reimbursement ratio from a hospital-level perspective. Cost-effectiveness was defined as a willingness to pay <$100 000 USD per quality adjusted life year gained and high cost-reimbursement ratio was defined as >1.5.

Results—

There was an increase in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios as the proportion of SM cases increased in the 3-hour time window. The threshold proportion of SM above which the decision to administer thrombolysis was no longer cost-effective was 30%. The threshold proportion of SM above which the decision to administer thrombolysis resulted in high cost-reimbursement ratio was 75%. Results were similar for patients arriving within 0 to 90 minutes of symptom onset as compared with 91 to 180 minutes but were significantly affected by cost of alteplase in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions—

We identified thresholds of SM above which thrombolysis was no longer cost-effective from 2 analytic perspectives. Hospitals should monitor SM rates and establish performance metrics to prevent rising acute stroke care costs and avoid potential patient harms.
Survey and Analysis of Interactive Art Documentation, 1979–2017
Authors: Jang Ji Yoon , Ha Byeongwon , Lee Byungjoo
Published: December 2018

Today, documentation is becoming a major source of exposure and appreciation for artworks on the Internet, beyond the original purpose of preservation and academic archiving. This study analyzes 982 documentations of interactive digital art projects created between 1979 and 2017. Each documentation was represented as a point in a 17-dimensional vector space through binary encoding. The resulting visualization from the t-SNE algorithm shows that, compared to its phenomenological quality, most documentation of interactive art is a cinematic surrogate that follows film post-production techniques. In conclusion, this study calls for the development of documentary techniques that can provide the viewer with a quasi-authentic experience of the original work in interactive digital art.
Learning Invariant Features in Modulatory Networks through Conflict and Ambiguity
Authors: Grant W. Shane , Itti Laurent
Published: December 2018

This work lays the foundation for a framework of cortical learning based on the idea of a competitive column, which is inspired by the functional organization of neurons in the cortex. A column describes a prototypical organization for neurons that gives rise to an ability to learn scale, rotation, and translation-invariant features. This is empowered by a recently developed learning rule, conflict learning, which enables the network to learn over both driving and modulatory feedforward, feedback, and lateral inputs. The framework is further supported by introducing both a notion of neural ambiguity and an adaptive threshold scheme. Ambiguity, which captures the idea that too many decisions lead to indecision, gives the network a dynamic way to resolve locally ambiguous decisions. The adaptive threshold operates over multiple timescales to regulate neural activity under the varied arrival timings of input in a highly interconnected multilayer network with feedforward and feedback. The competitive column architecture is demonstrated on a large-scale (54,000 neurons and 18 million synapses), invariant model of border ownership. The model is trained on four simple, fixed-scale shapes: two squares, one rectangle, and one symmetric L-shape. Tested on 1899 synthetic shapes of varying scale and complexity, the model correctly assigned border ownership with 74% accuracy. The model's abilities were also illustrated on contours of objects taken from natural images. Combined with conflict learning, the competitive column and ambiguity give a better intuitive understanding of how feedback, modulation, and inhibition may interact in the brain to influence activation and learning.
Scarcity without Leviathan: The Violent Effects of Cocaine Supply Shortages in the Mexican Drug War
Authors: Castillo Juan Camilo , Mejía Daniel , Restrepo Pascual
Published: December 2018

This paper asks whether scarcity increases violence in markets that lack a centralized authority. We construct a model in which, by raising prices, scarcity fosters violence. Guided by our model, we examine this effect in the Mexican cocaine trade. At a monthly frequency, scarcity created by cocaine seizures in Colombia, Mexico's main cocaine supplier, increases violence in Mexico. The effects are larger in municipalities near the United States, with multiple cartels and with strong support for PAN (the incumbent party). Between 2006 and 2009 the decline in cocaine supply from Colombia could account for 10% to 14% of the increase in violence in Mexico.
Choosing among Regularized Estimators in Empirical Economics: The Risk of Machine Learning
Authors: Abadie Alberto , Kasy Maximilian
Published: December 2018

Many settings in empirical economics involve estimation of a large number of parameters. In such settings, methods that combine regularized estimation and data-driven choices of regularization parameters are useful. We provide guidance to applied researchers on the choice between regularized estimators and data-driven selection of regularization parameters. We characterize the risk and relative performance of regularized estimators as a function of the data-generating process and show that data-driven choices of regularization parameters yield estimators with risk uniformly close to the risk attained under the optimal (unfeasible) choice of regularization parameters. We illustrate using examples from empirical economics.
This Is Only a Test? Long-Run and Intergenerational Impacts of Prenatal Exposure to Radioactive Fallout
Authors: Black Sandra E. , Bütikofer Aline , Devereux Paul J. , Salvanes Kjell G.
Published: December 2018

We examine the effect of radiation exposure in utero, resulting from nuclear weapon testing in the 1950s and early 1960s, on long-run outcomes of Norwegian children. Exposure to low-dose radiation, specifically during months 3 and 4 in utero, leads to lower IQ scores for men and lower education attainment and earnings among men and women. Children of persons affected in utero also have lower cognitive scores, suggesting a persistent intergenerational effect of the shock to endowments. Given the lack of awareness about nuclear testing in Norway at this time, our estimates are likely unaffected by avoidance behavior or stress effects.
„Zielone miasto” atrakcji, zwierzęta i nowoczesność. Powstanie warszawskiego ogrodu zoologicznego w odrodzonej Polsce
Authors: Wróbel-Bardzik Karolina
Published: December 2018

A “green city” – attractions, animals and modernity: The establishment of the Warsaw Zoological Garden in independent PolandThe article describes the history of establishing the Warsaw Zoological Garden in independent Poland after the First World War, a watershed period when it was possible to implement modern designs not only in the broader, national context, but also in the local and urban environment. Intensive discussions on the form of modernity attempted to find its version which would combine European and local inspiration. To some extent, the establishment of a modern zoo also defined the place of animals in the urban space. While some species were excluded from the city centre, others were put in the sphere of leisure time. „Zielone miasto” atrakcji, zwierzęta i nowoczesność. Powstanie warszawskiego ogrodu zoologicznego w odrodzonej PolsceArtykuł dotyczy założenia warszawskiego ogrodu zoologicznego po odzyskaniu przez Polskę niepodległości. Był to moment przełomowy, pozwalający na wprowadzenie istotnych zmian modernizacyjnych zarówno w kontekście narodowym, jak i lokalnym, miejskim. Toczyły się wówczas dyskusje na temat wizji nowoczesności, poszukiwano takiej jej wersji, która łączyłaby trendy europejskie i lokalne inspiracje. Założenie ogrodu zoologicznego jako nowoczesnej instytucji określało w pewnym stopniu także miejsce zwierząt w przestrzeni miejskiej. Zauważalne były wówczas procesy rugowania niektórych gatunków zwierząt z miasta czy sytuowania innych w obrębie kultury czasu wolnego.
The data-driven Bulgarian WordNet: BTBWN
Authors: Osenova Petya , Simov Kiril
Published: December 2018

The data-driven Bulgarian WordNet: BTBWNThe paper presents our work towards the simultaneous creation of a data-driven WordNet for Bulgarian and a manually annotated treebank with semantic information. Such an approach requires synchronization of the word senses in both - syntactic and lexical resources, without limiting the WordNet senses to the corpus or vice versa. Our strategy focuses on the identification of senses used in BulTreeBank, but the missing senses of a lemma also have been covered through exploration of bigger corpora. The identified senses have been organized in synsets for the Bulgarian WordNet. Then they have been aligned to the Princeton WordNet synsets. Various types of mappings are considered between both resources in a cross-lingual aspect and with respect to ensuring maximum connectivity and potential for incorporating the language specific concepts. The mapping between the two WordNets (English and Bulgarian) is a basis for applications such as machine translation and multilingual information retrieval. Oparty na danych WordNet bułgarski: BTBWNW artykule przedstawiono naszą pracę na rzecz jednoczesnej budowy opartego na danych wordnetu dla języka bułgarskiego oraz ręcznie oznaczonego informacjami semantycznymi banku drzew. Takie podejście wymaga uzgodnienia znaczeń słów zarówno w zasobach składniowych, jak i leksykalnych, bez ograniczania znaczeń umieszczanych w wordnecie do tych obecnych w korpusie, jak i odwrotnie. Nasza strategia koncentruje się na identyfikacji znaczeń stosowanych w BulTreeBank, przy czym brakujące znaczenia lematu zostały również zbadane przez zgłębienie większych korpusów. Zidentyfikowane znaczenia zostały zorganizowane w synsety bułgarskiego wordnetu, a następnie powiązane z synsetami Princeton WordNet. Rozmaite rodzaje rzutowań są rozpatrywane pomiędzy obydwoma zasobami w kontekście międzyjęzykowym, a także w odniesieniu do zapewnienia maksymalnej łączności i możliwości uwzględnienia pojęć specyficznych dla języka bułgarskiego. Rzutowanie między dwoma wordnetami (angielskim i bułgarskim) jest podstawą dla aplikacji, takich jak tłumaczenie maszynowe i wielojęzyczne wyszukiwanie informacji.
The role of conceptual integration and simple dynamic scenarios in the meaning construction of the mapping in mathematics
Authors: Woźny Jacek
Published: December 2018

The role of conceptual integration and simple dynamic scenarios in the meaning construction of the mapping in mathematicsOver the last two decades the impact of conceptual metaphor and conceptual blending on mathematics has been extensively researched (Lakoff & Núñez, 2000; Fauconnier & Turner, 2002; Turner, 2005; Núñez, 2006; Alexander, 2011; Turner, 2012; Danesi, 2016; Woźny, 2018). This paper examines the manner in which simple dynamic scenarios allow, through the process of conceptual integration, for multiple ways of constructing the meaning of a mathematical mapping. The paper analyses selected fragments extracted from two popular academic mathematics textbooks to ascertain how the authors use a number of simple dynamic scenarios to explain the concept. The paper then demonstrates how these dynamic scenarios help to avoid the problem of circularity of the (static) formal definition of the mapping. The results of the study indicate that conceptual blending may account for the flexibility of mathematics and its effectiveness in modelling the world around us. Rola integracji pojęciowej i prostych scenariuszy dynamicznych w konstrukcji znaczenia odwzorowania w matematyceW ciągu ostatnich dwudziestu lat pojawiło się wiele publikacji dotyczących roli metafor oraz integracji pojęciowej w matematyce (Lakoff & Núñez, 2000; Fauconnier & Turner, 2002; Turner, 2005; Núñez, 2006; Alexander, 2011; Turner, 2012; Danesi, 2016; Woźny, 2018). W tym artykule badany jest sposób, w jaki proste scenariusze dynamiczne wpływają, poprzez proces integracji pojęciowej, na konstruowanie wielu znaczeń odwzorowania (funkcji) w matematyce. Badane są fragmenty dwóch popularnych podręczników matematyki, w których autorzy wyjaśniają pojęcie odwzorowania poprzez proste scenariusze dynamiczne, unikając w ten sposób błędu logicznego „nieznane przez nieznane", którym obarczona jest statyczna definicja odwzorowania. Wyniki analizy mogą sugerować, że elastyczność matematyki – jej niezmienna skuteczność w modelowaniu otaczającego nas świata – jest efektem procesów integracji pojęciowej.
Lexical platform – the first step towards user-centred integration of lexical resources
Authors: Piasecki Maciej , Walkowiak Tomasz , Rudnicka Ewa , Bond Francis
Published: December 2018

Lexical platform – the first step towards user-centred integration of lexical resourcesLexical platform – the first step towards user-centred integration of lexical resources The paper describes the Lexical Platform - a means for lightweight integration of independent lexical resources. Lexical resources (LRs) are represented as web components that implement a minimal set of predefined programming interfaces. These provide functionality for querying and generate a simple, common presentation format. Therefore, a common data format is not needed and the identity of component LRs is preserved. Users can search, browse and navigate via resources on the basis of a limited set of anchor elements such as base form, word form and synset id. Platforma leksykalna – pierwszy krok w kierunku integracji zasobów leksykalnych zorientowanej na użytkownikówArtykuł opisuje Platformę Leksykalną – sposób na lekką integrację niezależnych zasobów leksykalnych. Zasoby leksykalne są na niej reprezentowane jako komponenty webowe, które implementują minimalny zestaw predefiniowanych interfejsów programistycznych. Interfejsy te dostarczają funkcjonalność do przeszukiwania oraz generują prosty, jednolity format prezentacji zasobów. W związku z tym wspólny format danych nie jest konieczny i tożsamość składowych zasobów leksykalnych jest zachowana. Użytkownicy mogą przeszukiwać zasoby na podstawie ograniczonego zbioru odwołań takich jak forma podstawowa, forma wyrazowa i identyfikator synsetu.
Observing Hurricane Harvey’s Eyewall at Landfall
Authors: Fernández-Cabán Pedro L. , Alford A. Addison , Bell Martin J. , Biggerstaff Michael I. , Carrie Gordon D. , Hirth Brian , Kosiba Karen , Phillips Brian M. , Schroeder John L. , Waugh Sean M. , Williford Eric , Wurman Joshua , Masters Forrest J.
Published: December 2018

While Hurricane Harvey will best be remembered for record rainfall that led to widespread flooding in southeastern Texas and western Louisiana, the storm also produced some of the most extreme wind speeds ever to be captured by an adaptive mesonet at landfall. This paper describes the unique tools and the strategy used by the Digital Hurricane Consortium (DHC), an ad hoc group of atmospheric scientists and wind engineers, to intercept and collect high-resolution measurements of Harvey’s inner core and eyewall as it passed over Aransas Bay into mainland Texas. The DHC successfully deployed more than 25 observational assets, leading to an unprecedented view of the boundary layer and winds aloft in the eyewall of a major hurricane at landfall. Analysis of anemometric measurements and mobile radar data during heavy convection shows the kinematic structure of the hurricane at landfall and the suspected influence of circulations aloft on surface winds and extreme surface gusts. Evidence of mesoscale vortices in the interior of the eyewall is also presented. Finally, the paper reports on an atmospheric sounding in the inner eyewall that produced an exceptionally large and potentially record value of precipitable water content for observed soundings in the continental United States.
PostProcessing and Visualization Techniques for Convection-Allowing Ensembles
Authors: Roberts Brett , Jirak Israel L. , Clark Adam J. , Weiss Steven J. , Kain John S.
Published: December 2018

Since the early 2000s, growing computing resources for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and scientific advances enabled development and testing of experimental, real-time deterministic convection-allowing models (CAMs). By the late 2000s, continued advancements spurred development of CAM ensemble forecast systems, through which a broad range of successful forecasting applications have been demonstrated. This work has prepared the National Weather Service (NWS) for practical usage of the High Resolution Ensemble Forecast (HREF) system, which was implemented operationally in November 2017. Historically, methods for postprocessing and visualizing products from regional and global ensemble prediction systems (e.g., ensemble means and spaghetti plots) have been applied to fields that provide information on mesoscale to synoptic-scale processes. However, much of the value from CAMs is derived from the explicit simulation of deep convection and associated storm-attribute fields like updraft helicity and simulated reflectivity. Thus, fully exploiting CAM ensembles for forecasting applications has required the development of fundamentally new data extraction, postprocessing, and visualization strategies. In the process, challenges imposed by the immense data volume inherent to these systems required new approaches when considering diverse factors like forecaster interpretation and computational expense. In this article, we review the current state of postprocessing and visualization for CAM ensembles, with a particular focus on forecast applications for severe convective hazards that have been evaluated within NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed. The HREF web viewer implemented at the NWS Storm Prediction Center (SPC) is presented as a prototype for deploying these techniques in real time on a flexible and widely accessible platform.
Incorporating the Work Done by Vertical Density Fluxes in Both Kinetic and Thermal Energy Conservation Equations to Satisfy Total Energy Conservation
Authors: Sun Jielun
Published: December 2018

Conservation of total, kinetic, and thermal energy in the atmosphere is revisited, and the derived thermal energy balance is examined with observations. Total energy conservation (TEC) provides a constraint for the sum of kinetic, thermal, and potential energy changes. In response to air thermal expansion/compression, air density variation leads to vertical density fluxes and potential energy changes, which in turn impact the thermal energy balance as well as the kinetic energy balance due to the constraint of TEC. As vertical density fluxes can propagate through a large vertical domain to where local thermal expansion/compression becomes negligibly small, interactions between kinetic and thermal energy changes in determining atmospheric motions and thermodynamic structures can occur when local diabatic heating/cooling becomes small. The contribution of vertical density fluxes to the kinetic energy balance is sometimes considered but that to the thermal energy balance is traditionally missed. Misinterpretation between air thermal expansion/compression and incompressibility for air volume changes with pressure under a constant temperature would lead to overlooking important impacts of thermal expansion/compression on air motions and atmospheric thermodynamics. Atmospheric boundary layer observations qualitatively confirm the contribution of potential energy changes associated with vertical density fluxes in the thermal energy balance for explaining temporal variations of air temperature.
Low-Dose Radiation Enhanced Inhibition of Breast Tumor Xenograft and Reduced Myocardial Injury Induced by Doxorubicin
Authors: Jiang Xin , Du Yanwei , Meng Xinxin , Zhang Hongmei , Zhao Di , Zhao Lijing , Chen Junyu , Xiao Shengxiang , Jiang Hongyu
Published: December 2018

We reported that low-dose radiation (LDR) alleviated cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) via inhibiting myocardial cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in vivo. Here, we tested whether LDR could enhance chemotherapeutic effect of DOX and alleviate myocardial injury induced by DOX by observing cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of heterotopic tumor in vivo. Mice implanted with 4T1 breast carcinoma cells were given 7.5 mg/kg DOX or 0.9% NaCl solution 72 hours after LDR (0 or 75 mGy). The histology of tumor tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, the apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, and the expression of Ki67, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase3, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and CD34 was detected by Western blot. Expression of Ki67 and CD34 was also detected by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that cell proliferation of the breast tumor and protein expression of the metastasis-related molecules were significantly reduced and the apoptosis of tumor cells was significantly increased in the LDR + DOX-treated tumor-bearing mice. Pretreatment with LDR significantly prevented DOX-induced cardiotoxicity likely through preventing DOX-induced mitochondrial Bcl2/Bax dyshomeostasis-induced caspase-3 cleavage-dependent apoptosis. These results suggested that LDR not only enhances DOX antitumor effect but also reduces DOX cardiotoxicity, which may potentially overcome the limitation for DOX clinical usage.
Overall Survival of Black and White Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Docetaxel
Authors: Halabi Susan , Dutta Sandipan , Tangen Catherine M. , Rosenthal Mark , Petrylak Daniel P. , Thompson Ian M. , Chi Kim N. , Araujo John C. , Logothetis Christopher , Quinn David I. , Fizazi Karim , Morris Michael J. , Eisenberger Mario A. , George Daniel J. , De Bono Johann S. , Higano Celestia S. , Tannock Ian F. , Small Eric J. , Kelly William Kevin
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Several studies have reported that among patients with localized prostate cancer, black men have a shorter overall survival (OS) time than white men, but few data exist for men with advanced prostate cancer. The primary goal of this analysis was to compare the OS in black and white men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who were treated in phase III clinical trials with docetaxel plus prednisone (DP) or a DP-containing regimen.

Methods

Individual participant data from 8,820 men with mCRPC randomly assigned in nine phase III trials to DP or a DP-containing regimen were combined. Race was based on self-report. The primary end point was OS. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the prognostic importance of race (black v white) adjusted for established risk factors common across the trials (age, prostate-specific antigen, performance status, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin, and sites of metastases).

Results

Of 8,820 men, 7,528 (85%) were white, 500 (6%) were black, 424 (5%) were Asian, and 368 (4%) were of unknown race. Black men were younger and had worse performance status, higher testosterone and prostate-specific antigen, and lower hemoglobin than white men. Despite these differences, the median OS was 21.0 months (95% CI, 19.4 to 22.5 months) versus 21.2 months (95% CI, 20.8 to 21.7 months) in black and white men, respectively. The pooled multivariable hazard ratio of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.91) demonstrates that overall, black men have a statistically significant decreased risk of death compared with white men ( P < .001).

Conclusion

When adjusted for known prognostic factors, we observed a statistically significant increased OS in black versus white men with mCRPC who were enrolled in these clinical trials. The mechanism for these differences is not known.