bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in a Subtropical River-Reservoir System
Authors: Chen Yihan , Chen Hongjie , Zhang Li , Jiang Yue , Gin Karina , He Yiliang
Published: January 2018

Antibiotic pollutions in the aquatic environment have attracted widespread attention due to their ubiquitous distribution and antibacterial properties. The occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk assessment of 17 common antibiotics in this study were preformed in a vital drinking water source represented as a river-reservoir system in South China. In general, 15 antibiotics were detected at least once in the watershed, with the total concentrations of antibiotics in the water samples ranging from 193.6 to 863.3 ng/L and 115.1 to 278.2 μg/kg in the sediment samples. For the water samples, higher rain runoff may contribute to the levels of total concentration in the river system, while perennial anthropic activity associated with the usage pattern of antibiotics may be an important factor determining similar sources and release mechanisms of antibiotics in the riparian environment. Meanwhile, the reservoir system could act as a stable reactor to influence the level and composition of antibiotics exported from the river system. For the sediment samples, hydrological factor in the reservoir may influence the antibiotic distributions along with seasonal variation. Ecological risk assessment revealed that tetracycline and ciprofloxacin could pose high risks in the aquatic environment. Taken together, further investigations should be performed to elaborate the environmental behaviors of antibiotics in the river-reservoir system, especially in drinking water sources.
Le massif du Seuil (Chartreuse, France) : organisation des réseaux souterrains
Authors: Loiseleur Bernard
Published: January 2018

"W e massif du Seuil (~ 13 km2) M se trouve sur le synclinal

oriental de Chartreuse. Au nord et au sud de ce synclinal, on trouve plusieurs des plus importants réseaux souterrains français. Les deux principales cavités du Seuil, non reliées entre elles, sont la grotte du Mort Rû 7 km) et le réseau du Guiers Vif (~ 15 km de développement), connecté avec le Trou des Flammes. Dans ces dernières années, la connaissance de ces systèmes a beaucoup progressé et plusieurs jonctions avec le plateau ont été réalisées (Masques -Mort Rû, Tasurinchi -Guiers Vif, Trou des Flammes -Guiers Vif). Mais la rivière de Malissard, la branche principale du réseau du Guiers Vif est située sous les Lances de Malissard, sur la bordure ouest du massif. Une telle situation s'explique par la disposition excentrée de l'axe synclinal. L'espoir est de découvrir un réseau comparable à ceux de la Dent de Crolles et de l'Alpe. Le collecteur principal semble devoir se situer dans l'axe du massif, sur la faille du GR9. Dans les années à venir, la comparaison de l'évolution des divers systèmes de Chartreuse montre que cet espoir est raisonnable.
Le prototype de Coaraze (Alpes-Maritimes) Exemple de création d'une réserve d'eau souterraine par obturation d'une source karstique
Authors: Gilli Eric , Mangan Claude
Published: January 2018

L' obturation d'une petite m source karstique à l'aide d'une vanne, à Coaraze (Alpes-Maritimes) montre qu'il est possible de créer des réserves d'eau souterraines à faible coût.
Le Chili, pays de karsts extrêmes
Authors: Salomon Jean-Noël
Published: January 2018

Bien que très étendu, le Chili n'apparaît pratiquement pas dans les chroniques spéléologiques et karstologiques.

Cela tient à la nature géologique essentiellement métamorphique et volcanique du pays. Pourtant on y rencontre des phénomènes karstiques dans des affleurements de gypse et de halite et dans des calcaires. Ceci est d'autant plus intéressant sur le plan scientifique que le Chili s'étire en latitude depuis le climat aride du désert d'Atacama au nord (1 mm/an à Iquique) aux îles hyper-humides de Patagonie (> 4 000 mm/an).
One-pot sequential synthesis of tetrasubstituted thiophenes via sulfur ylide-like intermediates
Authors: Kim Jun Ki , Lim Hwan Jung , Jeong Kyung Chae , Park Seong Jun
Published: January 2018

Herein, we describe a novel approach for the practical synthesis of tetrasubstituted thiophenes 8. The developed method was particularly used for the facile preparation of thienyl heterocycles 8. The mechanism for this reaction is based on the formation of a sulfur ylide-like intermediate. It was clearly suggested by (i) the intramolecular cyclization of ketene N,S-acetals 7 to the corresponding thiophenes 8, (ii) 1H NMR studies of Meldrum’s acid-substituted aminothioacetals 9, and (iii) substitution studies of the methoxy group on Meldrum’s acid containing N,S-acetals 9b. Notably, in terms of structural effects on the reactivity and stability of sulfur ylide-like intermediates, 2-pyridyl substituted compound 7a exhibited superior properties over those of others.
Searching for Be Stars in the Open Clusters with PTF/iPTF. I. Cluster Sample and Be Star Candidates
Authors: Yu 俞伯 Po-Chieh 傑 , Yu 游昌 Chang-Hsien 憲 , Lee 李建 Chien-De 德 , Lin 林建 Chien-Cheng 爭 , Hsia 夏志 Chih-Hao 浩 , Chang 章展 Chang-Kao 誥 , Chen 陳以 I-Chenn 忱 , Ngeow 饒兆 Chow-Choong 聰 , Ip 葉永 Wing-Huen 烜 , Chen 陳文 Wen-Ping 屏 , Laher 良主嶺 Russ 亞 , Surace Jason , Kulkarni Shrinivas R.
Published: January 2018

We conducted a search for Be star candidates in open clusters using Hα imaging photometry of the Palomar Transient Factory Survey to investigate some connections among Be star phenomena, cluster environments, and ages. Stellar members of clusters were identified by spatial distributions, near-infrared magnitudes and colors, and by proper motions. Among 104 open clusters, we identified 96 Be star candidates in 32 clusters; 11 of our candidates have been reported in previous studies. We found that the clusters with age 7.5 < log(t(year))

8.5 tend to have more Be star candidates; there is about a 40% occurrence rate within this age bin. The clusters in this age bin also tend to have a higher Be fraction N(Be)/N(Be+B-type). These results suggest that the environments of young and intermediate clusters are favorable to the formation of Be phenomena. Spatial distribution of Be star candidates with different ages implies that they do not form preferentially in the central regions. Furthermore, we showed that the mid-infrared (MIR) colors of the Be star candidates are similar to known Be stars, which could be caused by free–free emission or bound-free emission. Some Be star candidates might have no circumstellar dust according to their MIR colors. Finally, among 96 Be candidates, we discovered that one Be star candidate FSR 0904-1 exhibits long-term variability on the timescale of ∼2000 days with an amplitude of 0.2–0.3 mag, indicating a long timescale of disk evolution.
On the Factors Determining the Eruptive Character of Solar Flares
Authors: Baumgartner Christian , Thalmann Julia K. , Veronig Astrid M.
Published: January 2018

We investigated how the magnetic field in solar active regions (ARs) controls flare activity, i.e., whether a confined or eruptive flare occurs. We analyzed 44 flares of GOES class M5.0 and larger that occurred during 2011–2015. We used 3D potential magnetic field models to study their location (using the flare distance from the flux-weighted AR center d
FC) and the strength of the magnetic field in the corona above (via decay index n and flux ratio). We also present a first systematic study of the orientation of the coronal magnetic field, using the orientation φ of the flare-relevant polarity inversion line as a measure. We analyzed all quantities with respect to the size of the underlying dipole field, characterized by the distance between the opposite-polarity centers, d
PC. Flares originating from underneath the AR dipole (d
FC/d
PC < 0.5) tend to be eruptive if launched from compact ARs (d
PC ≤ 60 Mm) and confined if launched from extended ARs. Flares ejected from the periphery of ARs (d
FC/d
PC > 0.5) are predominantly eruptive. In confined events, the flare-relevant field adjusts its orientation quickly to that of the underlying dipole with height (Δφ ≳ 40° until the apex of the dipole field), in contrast to eruptive events where it changes more slowly with height. The critical height for torus instability, h
crit = h(n = 1.5), discriminates best between confined (h
crit ≳ 40 Mm) and eruptive flares (h
crit ≲ 40 Mm). It discriminates better than Δφ, implying that the decay of the confining field plays a stronger role than its orientation at different heights.
Oscillation Mode Variability in Evolved Compact Pulsators from Kepler Photometry. I. The Hot B Subdwarf Star KIC 3527751
Authors: Zong Weikai , Charpinet Stéphane , Fu Jian-Ning , Vauclair Gérard , Niu Jia-Shu , Su Jie
Published: January 2018

We present the first results of an ensemble and systematic survey of oscillation mode variability in pulsating hot B subdwarf (sdB) and white dwarf stars observed with the original Kepler mission. The satellite provides uninterrupted high-quality photometric data with a time baseline that can reach up to 4 yr collected on pulsating stars. This is a unique opportunity to characterize long-term behaviors of oscillation modes. A mode modulation in amplitude and frequency can be independently inferred by its fine structure in the Fourier spectrum, from the sLSP, or with prewhitening methods applied to various parts of the light curve. We apply all these techniques to the sdB star KIC 3527751, a long-period-dominated hybrid pulsator. We find that all the detected modes with sufficiently large amplitudes to be thoroughly studied show amplitude and/or frequency variations. Components of three identified quintuplets around 92, 114, and 253 μHz show signatures that can be linked to nonlinear interactions according to the resonant mode coupling theory. This interpretation is further supported by the fact that many oscillation modes are found to have amplitudes and frequencies showing correlated or anticorrelated variations, a behavior that can be linked to the amplitude equation formalism, where nonlinear frequency corrections are determined by their amplitude variations. Our results suggest that oscillation modes varying with diverse patterns are a very common phenomenon in pulsating sdB stars. Close structures around main frequencies therefore need to be carefully interpreted in light of this finding to secure a robust identification of real eigenfrequencies, which is crucial for seismic modeling. The various modulation patterns uncovered should encourage further developments in the field of nonlinear stellar oscillation theory. It also raises a warning to any long-term project aiming at measuring the rate of period change of pulsations caused by stellar evolution, or at discovering stellar (planetary) companions around pulsating stars using timing methods, as both require very stable pulsation modes.
Immune Response after a Single Intravenous Peramivir Administration in Children with Influenza
Authors: Sato Masatoki , Hashimoto Koichi , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Hosoya Mitsuaki
Published: January 2018

Background

Immune response after intravenous peramivir administration, which is approved for children with influenza infection in Japan, is unclear.

Methods

Kinetics of viral load and serum cytokine levels before and after peramivir therapy were analysed in 17 and 8 hospitalized children infected with influenza A and B, respectively. Additionally, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre was measured. The first day of hospital admission was defined as day 0.

Results

Serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels in influenza-A-infected children significantly decreased after peramivir administration, unlike in those with influenza B where a decrease on day 1 was followed by an increase on day 2. Serum IL-6 kinetics were similar to viral load kinetics in both influenza-A- and B-infected children between days 0 and 2. Serum IL-8 levels gradually decreased after peramivir therapy in influenza-A-infected children but increased between days 1 and 2 in influenza-B-infected children. Conversely, serum IL-10 levels gradually decreased over time. Serum interferon-γ and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels remained low until day 5. Day 0–4 serum HI titres were <4-fold in all children infected with influenza A or B. Additionally, day 5 HI titres were positive in 4 of 6 influenza A cases and all 3 influenza B cases.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that viral load and inflammatory cytokine kinetics were associated with the antiviral therapy used and that second peramivir administration should be considered in influenza B. The results also highlight antiviral agents as key determinants of the clinical course of influenza virus infection in children.
Sistema lean para otimização de recursos em uma indústria moveleira: estudo de caso com foco nas ferramentas da produção enxuta
Authors: De Lima Patrick Rusivel Brito , Martins Vitor William Batista
Published: January 2018

Com o mercado cada vez mais exigente, as indústrias devem se adequar para atender seus clientes com qualidade e rapidez. Para se manter competitiva no mercado, seus conceitos e filosofias devem ser renovados. Levando em consideração a mudança dos cenários das organizações em geral, o desafio é aliado à agilidade tecnológica de seus concorrentes, para isso, deve-se ter um cenário adaptativo para diversas situações, pois desenvolver sistemas eficientes, melhorar a produtividade, definir padrões aumentar o nível de serviço são alguns dos diferenciais para se manter no mercado. O objetivo desse artigo foi demonstrar os benefícios do Pensamento Enxuto aplicado em uma Indústria Moveleira. A metodologia consistiu em coletar dados de forma quantitativa, com isso verificar o uso das ferramentas e o que as mesmas podem agregar nos processos produtivos. Isso consiste na eliminação de desperdícios, redução dos custos de produção e padronização das operações nos processos. Algumas das melhorias obtidas com o estudo são: todas paradas para estoque foram eliminadas fazendo o processo seguir um fluxo contínuo, o número de funcionários por células em uma delas passou de 4 para 1, a eliminação de operações que não agregam valor ao produto como: colocar cavilha e furar, redução do custo de produção em 29% e aumento da quantidade produzida por hora em 18%.
Impacto dos investimentos em inovação na indústria brasileira
Authors: Campos Marcel Groppo de , Santos David Ferreira Lopes , Donadon Frederico Andreis Beneli
Published: January 2018

Este estudo analisou os impactos da capacidade de inovar da indústria brasileira, a partir dos resultados consolidados dos 33 setores industriais do país entre os anos de 1998 a 2011. Foi elaborada uma base de dados com informações publicadas da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica (PINTEC/IBGE) nas edições de 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008 e 2011. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de regressão com dados em painel balanceado, por meio da técnica de Mínimos Quadrados Ponderados. Considerou-se os investimentos em inovação como um recurso empresarial e os impactos foram analisados para quatro dimensões: produto, processo, mercado e custos. Verificou-se que o investimento total em inovação tem impacto significativo e positivo nas dimensões de produto, mercado e parcialmente em custos. As análises individuais dos investimentos em inovação direcionam para diferentes estratégias setoriais de inovação e proporcionam novos ‘insights’ para compreensão dos efeitos de recurso no desempenho setorial.
Importação de máquinas pesadas no Brasil – uma análise com enfoque no fluxo logístico
Authors: Moreira José Alberto , Vivaldini Mauro
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho analisa o fluxo de importação de equipamentos pesados para infraestrutura, desde as fábricas no exterior até o pátio do importador no Brasil. Através de um estudo de caso, todo o processo de importação é detalhado, primeiro com uma revisão teórica sobre cadeia de suprimento, fluxo logístico e a importação no Brasil. São dois os fluxos logísticos estudados e comparados, um dos EUA e outro da Coréia do Sul, ambos para o Brasil. Os casos são analisados, e o pressuposto relacionado com a complexidade dos processos de importação, que afeta a gestão do “lead time” e é fator relevante nos custos é confirmado. Também se confirma o pressuposto sobre a burocracia existente no Brasil nos processos de importação, que também afeta o “lead time”, e o estoque no pátio do importador. É confirmado parcialmente o pressuposto sobre a melhoria de informação ao cliente final, como resultado da melhor integração entre os agentes da cadeia. O pressuposto sobre o bom entendimento das necessidades do cliente final no mercado local, que contribui para melhor gestão de todo o fluxo de importação, do “lead time” e da adequação do nível de estoque no Brasil, foi plenamente confirmado.
O papel da logística reversa para as empresas: fundamentos e importância
Authors: Callefi Mario Henrique Bueno Moreira , Barbosa Willyan Prado , Ramos Diego Vieira
Published: January 2018

O cenário atual do mercado é de extrema concorrência, então para as empresas sobreviverem e ganharem novos mercados, necessitam não apenas mais fornecer produtos com preços competitivos e com qualidade, mas também adotarem estratégias que sejam fundamentadas na responsabilidade social e ambiental, melhorando assim a imagem da marca. Em relação a isso, as empresas encontraram na logística reversa, uma forma eficiente de adotarem princípios mais sustentáveis, uma vez que a logística reversa é responsável por recuperar o valor dos produtos, para que o mesmo ou seus componentes possam ser reutilizados novamente nos processos industriais, caso não seja possível a recuperação, no mínimo deve se dar um destino ambientalmente aos resíduos resultantes. Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa sobre a influência dos conceitos que envolvem a logística reversa no âmbito ambiental e empresarial. Em relação a metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, com natureza exploratório. Para o levantamento dos dados foram utilizados dissertações, monografias, livros e artigos científicos na área da logística e logística reversa. Por meio dessa pesquisa foi possível verificar os benefícios ambientais e econômicos da adoção da logística reversa, a importância da elaboração de diretrizes públicas para a promoção da logística reversa. Além disso, constatou-se que a logística reversa é subdividida em duas áreas a logística reversa de pós-consumo e a logística de pós-venda, que se distinguem essencialmente pelo momento em que é realizado o retorno do material.
Gestão de segurança do trabalho na indústria de papel: diagnóstico de cultura de segurança por meio de pesquisa de identificação do nível de segurança
Authors: Lima Valmir Ferreira de , Lima Luiz Eduardo Melo
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho apresenta informações a respeito da avaliação do desempenho da gestão de segurança praticada em uma empresa de fabricação de papel. Sendo que esta avaliação foi realizada através do diagnóstico da cultura de segurança com a aplicação da Pesquisa de Identificação do Nível de Segurança (PINS). Este estudo caracteriza-se como sendo descritivo e exploratório. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativo-quantitativa, foram realizadas análises e interpretações dos dados coletados nas avaliações da pesquisa, possibilitando o desenvolvimento das ações de conscientização dos funcionários em relação à prevenção de incidentes, atuando diretamente na disciplina do comportamento humano, guiado pelo conceito de que o trabalhador é o elemento central de todo o processo de prevenção de acidentes no trabalho. Buscou-se analisar no período de um ano a evolução da cultura de segurança, por meio das práticas realizadas na gestão de segurança. Posteriormente às análises dos dados, foi possível observar as melhorias concretas que ocorreram na cultura de segurança por meio da evolução dos estágios comportamentais e, consequentemente, uma redução do número de incidentes de trabalho, colaborando para evolução e manutenção do desempenho em segurança. Os resultados deste estudo comprovam que é de suma importância à realização de pesquisas voltadas à cultura de segurança das empresas, nos quais demonstrem a redução do número de incidentes através de ações de segurança que visam diagnosticar e proporcionar a evolução do nível de segurança dos colaboradores, considerando que estas ações são indispensáveis para promoção das condições de trabalho, nas quais previnam ou reduzam o risco de incidentes.
O modelo de gestão de pessoas por competências: um estudo de caso em um órgão público federal sobre os fatores que afetam a implantação deste modelo
Authors: De Macedo Silva Lima Dyhele
Published: January 2018

O estudo busca identificar a percepção dos colaboradores de um órgão público federal sobre os principais fatores que afetam a implantação do modelo de gestão pessoas por competências, GPC, assim, como identificar a natureza desses fatores. Quanto ao nível da pesquisa, utilizou-se o método descritivo e como procedimentos de coleta de dados, a pesquisa bibliográfica e um estudo de caso, com 40 servidores do órgão, selecionados por amostragem não aleatória e por conveniência. Para encontrar a natureza dos fatores, segundo o padrão de variação das características, empregou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória do tipo R, a fim de identificar grupos de fatores com o maior grau de independência possível. Quanto aos achados da pesquisa, destacam-se, quanto à percepção, que todas as pessoas entrevistadas tinham conhecimento do modelo de GPC; todos possuíam competências necessárias para o alcance da missão organizacional; e mais da metade concordou que, por ser um novo modelo de gestão de pessoas, há muitas dificuldades para definir o mapa de competências, entre eles, a resistência à mudança. Quanto à natureza, o método agrupou os 15 itens do questionário em cinco variáveis latentes, de acordo o padrão de variação das características dos itens.
A importância do endomarketing para a comunicação interna
Authors: Lima Sarah Cristina Martins Gonçalves , Melo José Airton Mendonça de
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar e estudar a percepção dos colaboradores de um órgão federal sobre as ferramentas do endomarketing e comunicação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, cujas técnicas de coleta de dados empregada foram pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, nesta última o instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário aplicado a trinta funcionários de um órgão público prestador de serviço para a presidência, integrando efetivos e terceirizados. A análise dos resultados mostra que precisa haver uma melhoria na comunicação interna do órgão federal estudado. E em relação ao endomarketing, é necessário utilizar técnicas para que os funcionários possam obter o melhor rendimento no seu setor, fazendo-os entender a importância de uma melhoria de comunicação entre um setor e outro, para assim ter mais eficiência no processo produtivo.
Le triomphe d’Honorius et le châtiment d’Attale
Authors: Chauvot Alain
Published: January 2018

Le triomphe d’Honorius sur l’usurpateur et ancien sénateur Attale a probablement été célébré en 417, année du consulat du patrice Constance (qui venait d’épouser la demi-sœur d’Honorius et veuve d’Athaulf Galla Placidia), sans doute en présence de Constance et de Galla et avec le parcours « sécularisé » depuis Constantin. Il a été marqué par un châtiment sans précédent infligé à l’usurpateur, l’amputation de deux doigts de la main droite. Mais la vie de celui-ci a été épargnée, ce qui s’inscrit dans la politique de clémence et d’union d’Honorius. Le triomphe ne peut célébrer une victoire militaire sur Attale mais l’exhibition de celui-ci symbolise le renouveau de l’Empire et de la Ville de Rome, la restauration de celle-ci et sa croissance démographique. Ce renouveau n’est pas le fait du « triomphateur » Honorius, qui ne fait que le mettre en scène, mais est dû, pour l’Empire à Constance, et pour la Ville à l’aristocratie sénatoriale. Le triomphe permet à Honorius de reconnaître et de soutenir la part de cette aristocratie dans ce renouveau. Il vise aussi à effacer le souvenir du sac de 410 et celui du mariage de Galla Placidia et d’Athaulf en 414, auquel Attale avait assisté, et qui, pour certains chrétiens, avait eu valeur de signe apocalyptique. L’union de Galla Placidia et d’un chef barbare aurait pu être porteuse d’un nouveau destin de l’Empire. Constance, célébré la même année par Rutilius Namatianus comme « l’unique sauveur du nom latin », apparaît comme l’homme fort du moment et l’incarnation du salut de l’Empire, en contrepoint à lui seul à la fois du « traître » Stilicon et de l’« époux barbare » Athaulf.
Dépouiller Rome ? Genséric, Avitus et les statues en 455
Authors: Roberto Umberto
Published: January 2018

L’assassinat de Valentinien III (16 mars 455) fut interprété comme le prélude à une grave crise de l’empire d’Occident. Les sources considèrent le sac de Rome par les Vandales de Genséric (du 2 au 16 juin 455), ainsi que d’autres signes, comme une conséquence de ce meurtre. Dans une situation de vide politique, Genséric ne dépouilla pas la ville que de ses richesses et d’otages, mais aussi de ses symboles du pouvoir. En pillant les trophées que Rome avait accumulés au cours des siècles, le roi des Vandales montrait que le pouvoir se déplaçait à Carthage, la capitale de son règne. À cette grave dévastation s’ajouta bientôt l’acte impie du nouvel empereur Avitus. Arrivé de Gaule à Rome avec les Wisigoths qui le soutenaient, Avitus fut bientôt obligé de les congédier. Il ordonna alors de détruire les statues et les décorations en bronze afin d’obtenir, par la vente du métal, l’argent nécessaire pour les payer. Le peuple et le sénat s’insurgèrent à cause de cette action qui n’était nullement digne d’un empereur romain. Dans les milieux sénatoriaux se diffusèrent à nouveau des oracles qui rappelaient combien la protection des statues de Rome était nécessaire pour garantir la survie de l’empire. Ces inquiétudes portèrent à la rédaction de la Novelle  4 de l’empereur Majorien (11 juillet 458), dans laquelle était rappelée la nécessité de défendre l’ ornatus civitatis . De plus, le reflet de l’inquiétude des contemporains se transmit depuis les milieux occidentaux jusque dans la culture constantinopolitaine de vi e  siècle. On trouve des traces de cette question dans les milieux de la bureaucratie palatine : chez Zosime, et, avec une référence explicite aux statues détruites par Avitus, chez Jean le Lydien et Jean d’Antioche.
Les gauches alternatives en France, du bouillonnement des années 1968 aux recompositions de la fin de siècle
Authors: Buton Philippe , Repaire Sébastien , Sommier Isabelle
Published: January 2018

Cet article introductif au dossier « Les gauches alternatives en France, du bouillonnement des années 1968 aux recompositions de la fin de siècle », questionne la catégorie de « gauche alternative » et cherche à montrer sa cohérence historique. Désignant l’ensemble des sensibilités politiques qui prônent une rupture avec le système capitaliste tout en procédant à la critique plus ou moins radicale de la gauche institutionnelle, la notion inclut celle de New Left , utilisée à partir du début des années 1960 pour qualifier aussi bien des tendances politiques issues de la gauche institutionnelle que les multiples groupes d’extrême gauche qui se développent au même moment, mais elle la dépasse en intégrant la mouvance libertaire ainsi que toute une série d’expérimentations politiques qui font suite au moment 68 (féminisme, mouvement LGBT, écologisme, puis plus tard altermondialisme, etc.). Ces différents mouvements apparaissent donc hétéroclites : si leur objectif commun est bien de changer la vie, la temporalité et les modalités de cette volonté varient de l’un à l’autre. Une question, cependant, apparaît fédératrice, à savoir la nécessité, pour toutes ces familles politiques, de se positionner par rapport au Parti communiste, qu’il s’agisse de le rejeter, de le concurrencer ou de collaborer avec lui, tant la culture communiste est prégnante dans la France des années 1970 et même au-delà. Dès lors, l’histoire des gauches alternatives embrasse celle de toute une partie de la gauche française entre le moment 1968 et notre passé le plus proche.
Une gauche paysanne post-soixante-huitarde. Une même appartenance générationnelle, des clivages structurants
Authors: Bruneau Ivan
Published: January 2018

Cet article analyse un phénomène relativement méconnu, l’existence d’une génération de jeunes agriculteurs ayant participé à l’effervescence contestataire des « années 68 ». C’est surtout après Mai 68 et par l’engagement syndical que s’affirment ces discours et pratiques de rupture, mais, au-delà, ces paysans post-soixantehuitards, enfants d’agriculteurs pour la grande majorité d’entre eux, remettent profondément en cause les dominations à l’oeuvre et les normes de comportement en vigueur dans leur milieu social et professionnel. Cette histoire est à l’origine des mouvements qui participeront à la création de la Confédération Paysanne (CP) en 1987, un syndicat agricole situé à gauche de l’échiquier politique, qui occupera une place centrale dans le mouvement altermondialiste au cours des années 2000. Dans un premier temps, l’auteur met l’accent sur la dimension générationnelle de ces engagements, et rend compte des expériences sociales et politiques constitutives d’une appropriation collective du « moment 68 ». Toutefois, les collectifs qui se forment à la fin des années 1960 et au début des années 1970 ne sont pas totalement homogènes, et le groupe des Paysans-Travailleurs de l’Orne, qui se divise au milieu des années 1970, en constitue une bonne illustration. En restituant les processus qui contribuent à la formation du groupe après Mai 68 et à sa progressive désagrégation quelques années plus tard, l’analyse montre le caractère interdépendant des parcours militants, les adhésions aux idées et les modes d’inscription dans les débats politiques des années 1970 étant indissociables des espaces d’interaction qui leur donnent sens.
Les conflits dans le couple
Authors: Brohm Jean-Marie
Published: January 2018

Les différentes formes contemporaines du couple (mariage, Pacs, mariage pour tous, concubinage, union libre, etc.) rappellent que les rapports légitimes ou informels entre les sexes sont en constante évolution. Les conflits idéologiques, juridiques, religieux, culturels au sujet de l’ordre sociétal, familial, marital, sexuel témoignent surtout de la conflictualité même de la mise en couple et de ses difficultés : différences d’âge ou de statut social, compatibilité des goûts et des opinions, jalousie, cohabitation, éducation des enfants, etc.
Corps, genre et pratiques sexuelles dans le couple
Authors: Krüger-Kirn Helga
Published: January 2018

Partant du présupposé que l’imaginaire social et les discours influencent les auto-constructions individuelles, je discuterai cette question à l’aide de courts exemples qui se réfèrent aux pratiques sexuelles, spécialement les sadomasochistes. Ces pratiques sont abordées selon les perspectives psychanalytiques en tenant compte de la différence que fait Freud entre le sexuel et la sexualité. Il en ressort clairement que les modes de désir reflètent les structures culturelles, et ici en particulier le discours néolibéral de liberté et d’optimisation de soi.
Dimensions sociales des conflits interpersonnels
Authors: Moré Angela , Demeure Brigitte
Published: January 2018

Dans cet article, l’auteur soutient la thèse que les conflits sociaux sont un élément fondamental pour rendre les personnes capables de se différencier des autres auxquels ils/elles sont intensément attachés. La relation à soi et aux autres est considérée du point de vue de la recherche sur les nourrissons et des théories socio-psychologiques et philosophiques de l’esprit. La connexion importante entre les aspects apparemment opposés de la dépendance et du désir d’individuation se révèle également par la signification étymologique des différents aspects du mot latin « con-flict ». L’auteur aborde quelques idées de sociologie et de psychologie sociale et les théories analytiques de groupe qui reflètent la signification de ces tendances contradictoires pour les processus de changement dans les groupes et les sociétés. L’importance des dynamiques inconscientes dans les groupes et le besoin de communication pour se comprendre et trouver des solutions est également abordée dans cette contribution.
Genèse, implantation et remises en question du label Patrimoine du 20 e siècle
Authors: Hottin Christian
Published: January 2018

Créé par le ministère de la Culture entre 1998 et 2001, le label Patrimoine du 20 e  siècle vise à reconnaître l’héritage architectural de la période contemporaine. Il doit permettre la mise en valeur de réalisations d’architectes célèbres, mais aussi de constructions peu reconnues auparavant en tant que patrimoine (logements sociaux, bâtiments industriels). Il n’entraîne cependant aucune contrainte juridique. Au cours des années 2000, sa mise en œuvre connaît un succès variable, dynamique dans certaines régions, presque inexistante ailleurs. Ce bilan mitigé conduit à s’interroger sur sa pertinence : en 2016, à la suite d’une nouvelle loi sur le patrimoine, le label disparaît, remplacé par le dispositif « architecture contemporaine remarquable », au fonctionnement sensiblement différent.
Le patrimoine comme affaire de famille et expertise spirituelle en pays sioux à la fin du 20 e siècle
Authors: Grillot Thomas
Published: January 2018

Que peut vouloir dire le patrimoine dans un territoire qui n’a jamais été décolonisé ? L’application de la loi de protection et de rapatriement des tombes amérindiennes (ou NAGPRA, 1990) à la réserve indienne de Standing Rock aux États-Unis révèle comment les mêmes acteurs peuvent tour à tour renforcer une vision classique du patrimoine comme ensemble d’objets ou même de pratiques à préserver, et attaquer cette notion en dénonçant le caractère colonial des institutions qui la portent. Loin d’un simple transfert entre États souverains, le rapatriement fragmente la notion même de patrimoine en permettant l’accomplissement de rituels dont les organisateurs, des spécialistes en spiritualité reconnus par la loi, brouillent la distinction entre vivants et morts, mais aussi entre spécialistes et non-spécialistes. Il met également en évidence le rôle des liens familiaux dans les usages locaux, politiques et sociaux, du patrimoine.
Espaces sacrés et sites de massacre après le génocide des Tutsi
Authors: Korman Rémi
Published: January 2018

En s’appuyant sur les archives de la Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), en charge de la mémoire du génocide au Rwanda, l’auteur tente de comprendre les débats autour des églises sites de massacre entre 1994 et 2003. Trois dimensions sont en particulier étudiées. Une dimension théologique tout d’abord, au travers des débats sur la purification des églises sites de massacre. Une dimension politique ensuite, autour des négociations entre l’État rwandais et l’Église catholique sur la patrimonialisation de ces églises. Une dimension géopolitique enfin, avec l’intervention du Vatican dans ces débats. L’auteur interroge pour finir les enjeux nationaux et internationaux actuels autour de ces sites.
Où accueillir les mineurs non accompagnés en France ? Enjeux de la construction d’un territoire de protection
Authors: Przybyl Sarah
Published: January 2018

Depuis trente ans, la France est confrontée à l’arrivée croissante des mineurs non accompagnés. Âgés de moins de 18 ans et se trouvant sur le territoire sans leur représentant légal, ces jeunes se trouvent à mi-chemin entre les considérations pour la protection de l’enfance et celles de la gestion de l’immigration clandestine. Au fil du temps, plus qu’un problème politique, leur répartition très hétérogène au sein des départements français est devenue un réel enjeu géographique. Sur fonds de négociations politiques, cet article revient sur les différentes décisions prises par les autorités pour rétablir l’équilibre territorial et interroge la place qui a été réservée à l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant.
Vers une géographie du risque nucléaire ?
Authors: Oiry Annaig
Published: January 2018

Cet article repose sur le constat d’une faible prise en compte de la problématique du risque nucléaire par la géographie française, notamment dans le champ des études environnementales, pourtant enclines à traiter la question des risques. Il tentera donc d'expliquer pourquoi il n'y a que très peu de travaux consacrés à cette question en géographie et esquissera quelques pistes pour une étude du risque nucléaire. Des réflexions autour de la spatialisation et de la territorialisation de l’aléa et du risque nucléaire seront développées. Ce dernier sera traité comme un objet politique au sens où sa définition même, ainsi que le sens à accorder à sa « gestion », font l’objet de conflits entre militants antinucléaires et milieux gestionnaires. Ces analyses s’appuient sur une pratique de terrain dans le département de la Manche et sur une méthode qualitative (entretiens semi-directifs avec une diversité d’acteurs et observations de terrain).
Risco coronariano e níveis de marcadores de estresse oxidativo em mulheres na pós menopausa/ Coronary risk and levels of oxidative stress markers in women after menopausa
Authors: Fortes Camila Korte , Dallazen Fernanda , Horn Roberta Cattaneo , Gelatti Gabriela Tassotti , Winkelmann Eliane Roseli , Berlezi Evelise Moraes
Published: January 2018

O período pós-menopausa é marcado por alterações endócrinas e metabólicas. Entre elas, a obesidade central sendo que as alterações no perfil lipídico aumentam o valor preditivo para maiores níveis de estresse oxidativo e consequente de risco coronariano. O objetivo foi analisar o risco coronariano e os níveis de marcadores de estresse oxidativo em mulheres no período pós-menopausa. Estudo transversal, composto por 29 mulheres no período pós-menopausa que realizaram avaliação antropométrica, laboratorial (bioquímica e dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo) e fenótipo de risco coronariano. Para estabelecer parâmetros de comparação dos níveis de marcadores de estresse oxidativo foi constituído o grupo controle com 10 mulheres hígidas, entre 18 e 34 anos. A maior parte das mulheres pós-menopausa apresentaram fenótipo positivo de risco coronariano (82,8%), obesidade (44,8%) ou sobrepeso (37,9%), hipercolesterolemia (65,5%), hipertrigliceridemia (48,3%), aumento de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (27,6%) e diminuição da lipoproteína de alta densidade (69%). Na análise dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo das mulheres pós-menopausa, evidenciou-se diferença (p<0,05), mostrando elevado dano oxidativo em proteínas e lipídios, além de baixos níveis do principal antioxidante endógeno (GSH), em relação ao grupo controle. Conclui-se que as mulheres pós-menopausa possuem elevado risco coronariano e níveis de marcadores de estresse oxidativo.
Locus-Specific Reversible DNA Methylation Regulates Transient IL-10 Expression in Th1 Cells
Authors: Hwang Won , Lee Choong-Gu , Lee Changhon , Verma Ravi , Rudra Dipayan , Park Zee Yong , Im Sin-Hyeog
Published: January 2018

IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine with multifaceted functions in establishing immune homeostasis. Although expressed by Th1 and Th2 cells, conventional Th1 cells produce marginal levels of IL-10 compared with their Th2 counterparts. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic mechanisms of Il-10 gene expression in Th1 cells. Bioinformatics EMBOSS CpG plot analysis and bisulfite pyrosequencing revealed three CpG DNA methylation sites in the Il-10 gene locus. Progressive DNA methylation at all of the CpG regions of interest (ROIs) established a repressive program of Il-10 gene expression in Th1 cells. Interestingly, Th1 cells treated with IL-12 and IL-27 cytokines, thereby mimicking a chronic inflammatory condition in vivo, displayed a significant increase in IL-10 production that was accompanied by selective DNA demethylation at ROI 3 located in intron 3. IL-10–producing T cells isolated from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus–infected mice also showed enhanced DNA demethylation at ROI 3. Binding of STAT1 and STAT3 to demethylated ROI 3 enhanced IL-10 expression in an IL-12/IL-27–dependent manner. Accordingly, CD4+ T cells isolated from STAT1- or STAT3-knockout mice were significantly defective in IL-10 production. Our data suggest that, although stably maintained DNA methylation at the promoter may repress IL-10 expression in Th1 cells, locus-specific reversible DNA demethylation may serve as a threshold platform to control transient Il-10 gene expression.
Effects of Cross-Presentation, Antigen Processing, and Peptide Binding in HIV Evasion of T Cell Immunity
Authors: Frey Blake F. , Jiang Jiansheng , Sui Yongjun , Boyd Lisa F. , Yu Bin , Tatsuno Gwen , Billeskov Rolf , Solaymani-Mohammadi Shahram , Berman Phillip W. , Margulies David H. , Berzofsky Jay A.
Published: January 2018

Unlike cytosolic processing and presentation of viral Ags by virus-infected cells, Ags first expressed in infected nonprofessional APCs, such as CD4+ T cells in the case of HIV, are taken up by dendritic cells and cross-presented. This generally requires entry through the endocytic pathway, where endosomal proteases have first access for processing. Thus, understanding virus escape during cross-presentation requires an understanding of resistance to endosomal proteases, such as cathepsin S (CatS). We have modified HIV-1MN gp120 by mutating a key CatS cleavage site (Thr322Thr323) in the V3 loop of the immunodominant epitope IGPGRAFYTT to IGPGRAFYVV to prevent digestion. We found this mutation to facilitate cross-presentation and provide evidence from MHC binding and X-ray crystallographic structural studies that this results from preservation of the epitope rather than an increased epitope affinity for the MHC class I molecule. In contrast, when the protein is expressed by a vaccinia virus in the cytosol, the wild-type protein is immunogenic without this mutation. These proof-of-concept results show that a virus like HIV, infecting predominantly nonprofessional presenting cells, can escape T cell recognition by incorporating a CatS cleavage site that leads to destruction of an immunodominant epitope when the Ag undergoes endosomal cross-presentation.
CD22 Promotes B-1b Cell Responses to T Cell–Independent Type 2 Antigens
Authors: Haas Karen M. , Johnson Kristen L. , Phipps James P. , Do Cardinal
Published: January 2018

CD22 (Siglec-2) is a critical regulator of B cell activation and survival. CD22−/− mice generate significantly impaired Ab responses to T cell–independent type 2 (TI-2) Ags, including haptenated Ficoll and pneumococcal polysaccharides, Ags that elicit poor T cell help and activate BCR signaling via multivalent epitope crosslinking. This has been proposed to be due to impaired marginal zone (MZ) B cell development/maintenance in CD22−/− mice. However, mice expressing a mutant form of CD22 unable to bind sialic acid ligands generated normal TI-2 Ab responses, despite significantly reduced MZ B cells. Moreover, mice treated with CD22 ligand–binding blocking mAbs, which deplete MZ B cells, had little effect on TI-2 Ab responses. We therefore investigated the effects of CD22 deficiency on B-1b cells, an innate-like B cell population that plays a key role in TI-2 Ab responses. B-1b cells from CD22−/− mice had impaired BCR-induced proliferation and significantly increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration responses following BCR crosslinking. Ag-specific B-1b cell expansion and plasmablast differentiation following TI-2 Ag immunization was significantly impaired in CD22−/− mice, consistent with reduced TI-2 Ab responses. We generated CD22−/− mice with reduced CD19 levels (CD22−/−CD19+/−) to test the hypothesis that augmented B-1b cell BCR signaling in CD22−/− mice contributes to impaired TI-2 Ab responses. BCR-induced proliferation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration responses were normalized in CD22−/−CD19+/− B-1b cells. Consistent with this, TI-2 Ag-specific B-1b cell expansion, plasmablast differentiation, survival, and Ab responses were rescued in CD22−/−CD19+/− mice. Thus, CD22 plays a critical role in regulating TI-2 Ab responses through regulating B-1b cell signaling thresholds.
Studying the Effects of Primary Arthroplasty on Post-Treatment Results among Elderly Patients with Pertrochanteric Fracture
Authors: Shahrezaee Mostafa , Okhovatpour Mohammad Ali , Banasiri Mohammad , Sharifzadeh Seyyed Reza
Published: January 2018

Various therapeutic methods are available to treat patients with intertrochantric fracture, which is usually caused by falling down. This complication is usually observed among the elderly, particularly old women. The choice of the proper therapeutic method depends on many factors including patient’s condition, type of fracture, and the amount of movement. Hip arthroplasty is one of these therapeutic methods, which have certain advantages and disadvantages. Immediate resumption of walking with the ability of weight toleration and absence of complications such as aseptic necrosis are some advantages of this method. Sixtyeight elderly patients with pertrochanteric fracture who had resorted to Iranian Army’s hospitals and had undergone arthroplasty. These cases were examined with due comparison with historical and external controls. Variables such a type of operation, age, post-operation pain, the pace of resuming walking ability, embolism, surgical site infection, bedsore and DVT were studied and compared against standard operation. The results achieved through assessment of variables showed a significant difference with standard operation in terms of variables such as post-operative movement ability, pain scale in various times, surgical complications, embolism, surgical site infection, bedsore, and DVT. Post-operative pain within the first 3 months following it are some complications with not much attention is paid to them, but they are important complications which can cause many negative and influential effects on patients. Arthroplasty is more expensive than standard operation and the patient may initially feel more pain.
Leptin affects filopodia and cofilin in NK-92 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner
Authors: Oswald Jana , Büttner Maximilian , Jasinski-Bergner Simon , Jacobs Roland , Rosenstock Philip , Kielstein Heike
Published: January 2018

Hyperleptinemia, associated with obesity, is related with immune dysfunction and carcinogenesis. Natural Killer (NK) cells, a major component of the innate immune system are mediators of anti-tumor immunity and the most actively migrating cells among leukocytes. Actin rearrangement, promoted by cofilin plays a central role in cellular migration. Leptin affects the phosphorylation-dependent activity of cofilin and thus actin remodeling. We used human NK-92 cells to explore the in vitro effects of leptin on co-localization of cofilin and F-actin and on morphological changes in NK cells. NK-92 cells were incubated with different leptin concentrations (10 and 100 ng/mL) for 30 min and 24 h and immunocytochemically stained. Results demonstrate a dose- and time-dependent influence of leptin on cellular morphology. Utilizing confocal microscopy, we observed that the co-localization of cofilin-1 and F-actin was slightly influenced by leptin. In summary, the present study demonstrates an impact of a physiological leptin stimulation on the filopodia length, and a time-dependent effect on the co-localization of cofilin and F-actin in NK-92 cells.