bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platform to Discover Protease-Activated Antibiotics and Application to Siderophore-Antibiotic Conjugates
Authors: Boyce Jonathan , Dang Bobo , Ary Beatrice , Edmondson Quinn , Craik Charles , DeGrado William F. , Seiple Ian
Published: November 2020

Here we present a platform for discovery of protease-activated prodrugs and apply it to antibiotics that target Gram-negative bacteria. Because cleavable linkersfor prodrugs had not been developed for bacterial proteases, we used substrate phage to discover substrates for proteases found in the bacterial periplasm. Rather than focusing on a single protease, we used a periplasmic extract to find sequences with the greatest susceptibility to the endogenous mixture of periplasmic proteases. Using a fluorescence assay, candidate sequences were evaluated to identify substrates that release native amine-containing payloads without an attached peptide “scar”. We next designed conjugates consisting of: 1) an N-terminal siderophore to facilitate uptake; 2) a protease-cleavable linker; 3) an amine-containing antibiotic. Using this strategy, we converted daptomycin – which by itself is active only against Gram-positive bacteria – into an antibiotic capable of targeting Gram-negative Acinetobacter species. We similarly demonstrated siderophorefacilitated delivery of oxazolidinone and macrolide antibiotics into a number of Gram-negative species. These results illustrate this platform’s utility for development of protease-activated prodrugs, including Trojan horse antibiotics.
Helixvis: Visualize α-Helical Peptides in Python
Authors: Subramanian Vigneshwar , Wadhwa Raoul , Stevens-Truss Regina
Published: November 2020

Representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional screen or sheet of paper can be challenging. To address this issue in the context of oligopeptide alpha-helical secondary structure, the helical wheel and wenxiang diagram visualizations have been developed. Although there exist graphical interfaces and web servers that generate these visualizations, a Python implementation has not yet been popularized. Here, we introduce the Python helixvis package, a companion to the R helixvis package, as a programmatic implementation of alpha helix visualization. All the code and output in this report is fully reproducible and available at https://github.com/subramv/ helixvis.
Photoelectron Spectra of Gd2O2− and Non-Monotonic Photon-Energy Dependent Variations in Populations of Close-Lying Neutral States
Authors: Mason Jarrett L. , Harb Hassan , Abou Taka Ali , McMahon Abbey , Huizenga Caleb D. , Corzo Hector H. , Hratchian Hrant , Jarrold Caroline Chick
Published: November 2020

Photoelectron spectra of Gd2O2− obtained with photon energies from 2.033 eV to 3.495 eV exhibit numerous close-lying neutral states with photon-energy-dependent relative intensities. Transitions to states falling within the electron binding energy window of 0.9 and 1.6 eV are attributed to one- or two-electron transitions to the ground and low-lying excited neutral states. An additional, manifold of electronic states observed in the 2.1 to 2.8 eV window cannot be assigned to any simple one-electron transitions. Because of the relatively simple electronic structure from the half-filled 4f7 subshell occupancy in Gd2O2–, the numerous transitions observed in the spectra are fairly well-resolved, allowing a detailed view of the changes in relative intensities of individual transitions with photon energy. With supporting calculations on the numerous close-lying electronic states, we suggest a description of strong photoelectron-valence electron interactions that result in the photon-energy dependent shake-up transitions and switching between ferro- and antiferromagnetic coupling.
Efficacy of Rapid Antigen Test and McIsaac / Modified Centor Scores for Diagnosis of Streptococcal Tonsillopharyngitis in Children
Authors: BİNGÜL Mehtap , SÖMEN BAYOĞLU Duygu , ÖZKOZACI Tamay , ALAGÖZ Pınar , AKSARAY Sebahat , NUHOĞLU Çağatay
Published: November 2020

Objective: We aimed to determine the efficacy of rapid antigen tests, clinical signs, and McIsaac / modified Centor clinical scoring systems in the diagnosis of Group A streptococcus (GAS) at children.
Materials and Methods: Subjects aged 3-14 years who presented with acute tonsillopharyngitis were questioned about their sociodemographic properties and symptoms. Their clinical signs and McIsaac / modified Centor scores were recorded. They underwent a rapid streptococcal antigen test and throat culture sampling.
Results: GAS proliferated in culture %11 of cases. The risk of culture positivity was 4.8 times greater in children aged 6 years or older. There was a significant correlation between culture positivity and muscle pain, tonsillar edema. Rapid strep test had a sensitivity of 75% and a specifity of 100% for the diagnosis of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. Rapid strep test showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specifity of 100% in children with a McIsaac / modified Centor score of 4-5.
Conclusions: Unnecessary antibiotic use for tonsillopharyngitis is an important problem. Therefore, it is ideal to order throat culture and act accordingly in every case suggesting GAS infection. However, when culture is not possible, rapid strep testing and McIsaac / modified Centor scoring are effective in guiding diagnosis and treatment.
How Valuable is ChestComputed Tomography in Pediatric Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019?
Authors: BOGA Aysun , YİYİT Nurettin , ERGÜL Umut , ERGÜL Neşe , PİŞMİŞOĞLU Kemal , KUZAN Taha Yusuf , CİHAN Murat , GÜVEN Şirin , CAM Halit
Published: November 2020

Objective: We aimed to investigate the importance of chest CT in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with COVID-19 by comparing chest CT, laboratory, and clinical features.
Materials and Methods: The clinical and image findings of 45 children with suspected COVID-19 , addmited to our pediatric clinic between March and April ,2020 were obtained from hospital electronic records.
Results: The median age of children was 177 months, while 24 of the patients were female and 21 were male. RT-PCR results of 32 children were positive and of 13 were negative. The most common symptom was cough (87%). Thirty-three of the patients had a history of contact with an infected person. Chest CT images of the 30 cases suggested COVID-19. There was no significant relationship between RT-PCR results and chest CT findings. A significant correlation was found between chest CT severity and CRP (p <0.01).
Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that chest CT does not have any advantage in diagnosis and treatment planning in pediatric cases. Therefore, considering the radiation exposure associated with CT scan, physicians should beware of clinical symptoms in children.
Assessing the Impact of Public-Private Funded Midday Meal Programs on the Educational Attainment and Well-being of School Children in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Assan Joseph Kweku , Simon Laurence , Kharisma Dinar D , Adaboh Afia A , Assan Nicola , Al  Mamun Abdullah
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The provision of meals at schools is considered to have the potential to enhance human dignity and facilitate equitable access to students from low socio-economic backgrounds, low social status (including Caste) and poor households. Using students and teachers from public schools in Utter Pradesh also known to be India’s most populous and poorest state as it’s as its unit of analysis, the paper examines the impact on International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) led Midday Meal (MDM) School Feeding program in India on educational access, performance, participation, and wellbeing. The study sought to evaluate the implementation of the midday meal (MDM) program led by an INGO in Lucknow, Utter Pradesh, and India to ascertain if the strategic program implementation protocols also ensure social inclusion and held address various forms of discrimination commonly reported in the literature. The study revealed that students were satisfied with most of the implementation of the program, serving and food satisfaction indicators. Nevertheless, we argue that the implantation process could benefit from a more integrated inter-agency coordination so as to address concerns regarding at-risk children and improve sanitation and health facilities that are not directly associated with the MDM program. The study concludes that INGOs led MDM programs could serve as a model for inclusive and non-discriminatory school feeding system where all children, irrespective of their social, economic, religious and family backgrounds will equally benefit with dignity. Such an approach, we argue, could also enhance social equity, youth development and the attainment of the SDG targets in India.
Speaking is Healing: Dalit Women Gain a Voice through a Charismatic Healing Movement in Nepal
Authors: BK Amar Bahadur
Published: November 2020

The concept of voice has been central to Dalit studies as well as in other studies such as feminist, subaltern, and social movement studies. These studies have conceptualized voice as an expression of agency and empowerment. They have paid more attention to voice’s agentive capacity, and have thus ignored the materiality of voice; for example, the act of speaking itself. Based on my ethnographic fieldwork on a charismatic healing movement called Sachchai (truth and/or reform) participated predominantly by Dalit women in Pokhara, Nepal, this article examines why even ordinary acts of speaking— irrespective of the content—matters so much for marginalized women. Dalit women mainly join Sachchai to heal their illnesses and sufferings and address other everyday problems. Nonetheless, the testimonial and Bible speeches they deliver in Sachchai devotional meetings during the processes of healing allow them to build their confidence and to learn to speak. The ability to speak—as ordinary as telling their name in public, speaking to a stranger or a government official, holding a microphone—becomes a remarkable achievement for these women. The speaking itself is considered as the evidence of healing from their illnesses and suffering. This article, thus, argues that paying attention to speaking itself is crucial for a fuller understanding of voice. While focusing on the act of speaking, this article does not undermine Dalit Sachchai women’s agency; rather it intends to expose the plight of Dalit women, for whom just uttering their name in the public is a great feat.
Key words: voice, Dalit, Dalit women, caste, gender, Pentecostalism, Nepal
The Advent of Ambedkar in the Sphere of Indian Women Question
Authors: Singh Poonam
Published: November 2020

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was a feminist at heart. Contrary to popular perception that he championed the cause of Dalits and dalit women, Babasaheb, as Ambedkar is fondly referred to, worked as a socio-political advocate for Dalit as well as upper caste Indian women concomitantly. In his quest to ensure freedom, equality, and individuality of Indian women, he resorted to the legalized mechanism and proposed sweeping constitutional provisions, famous as the Hindu code Bill, placing women at par with men in matters of inheritance and allowing them freedom to marry outside their caste. Contemplating the predicament and marginalized position of Indian women, he posited that caste and gender are intertwined. To maintain the system of caste, endogamy is a necessary condition that has an immense bearing on women. The imposition of endogamy was made compulsory by the Brahminical hierarchy, which was endorsed by Hindu religious scriptures to ensure women’s sustained subjectivity within the same caste groups or varnas. Ironically, the Bill, in Ambedkar’s own words was ‘killed and died unused and unsung’ following which he resigned from then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru’s cabinet in 1951 but the same bill was passed as four different bills between 1955 and 1956 during Nehru’s second term as prime minister (Elancheran, 2018). Unfortunately, Ambedkar’s contribution to the Indian women’s struggle has not been given its due. This paper attempts to explode the myth of the golden age of Indian womanhood and critiques the role of women reformist organizations in nineteenth century India as well as Ambedkar’s yeoman service to Indian women that has largely remained unacknowledged in public discourse.
 
 
Key Words: Ambedkar, Hindu Code Bill, Manusmriti, Indian Women, Dalit Women, Indian Feminism, Caste, Patriarchy
A Cultural Psychological Reading of Dalit Literature: A Case Study of 'Joothan' By Om Prakash Valmiki
Authors: Vyas Aparna
Published: November 2020

Dalit literature has been a major cultural artefact in struggles against caste based oppression and discrimination. It not only negotiates a collective identity for Dalits but also introduces variability in negotiations for the same. This paper focuses on the nuances of one such negotiation- the making of a Hindi Dalit writer. At the theoretical backdrop of cultural psychology, utilizing the conceptual machinery of Zittoun, the paper analyzes the autobiographical narrative of Om Prakash Valmiki. It identifies the ruptures and the transitional processes in Valmiki’s life. These processes of transitions include identity redefinition, knowledge and skills; and meaning making. These processes were facilitated by varied resources: social, cognitive and symbolic. Valmiki’s relocation to a city led to the change in his frame of activity. Thereafter, at each stage of his life, his social circle widened, his cognitive skills got enhanced and symbolic resources were used at progressively higher level of reflexivity. The major social resources were found to be the people with whom he came in contact after relocating to the city. The cognitive resources were found to be Hindi mainstream literature, Marathi Dalit literature, and theatrical devices. The symbolic resources were the works of Phule, Ambedkar and Marx. Accessibility and utilization of all these resources eased the reconfiguration of the semiotic prism reifying his identity as a Hindi Dalit writer enabling him transform the caste-based experiences on the plane of fiction challenging the power hierarchy embedded in social reality.
Sex as a Weapon to Settle Scores against Dalits: An Quotidian Phenomenon
Authors: Diwakar Jyoti
Published: November 2020

In the Indian context, caste controls the gender norms as women are producers of the notion of ‘caste purity’. Historically, the violation of caste codes including those related to women have been subjected to punishment through the instrument of social ostracism. Dalit men and women have been encountering culturally sanctioned violence, from higher caste people in the name of ‘violating social norms’ such as temple entry, untouchability, intercaste marriages, and so on. As a result, Dalits, especially women become easy targets for the ‘guardians of social authority’. Sadly, larger majority of Hindus remain immune to the occurrence of violence against Dalits. This article aims to address sexual violence, specifically rapes of Dalit women due to their intersectional position in the society. It explores the responses of state machinery on two case studies: Bhagana (2014) and Alwar (2019), wherein Dalit women’s rapes expose the power wielded by dominant caste communities. The paper shows the use of rape as an apparatus to humiliate a community and family in cases of land disputes involving Dalit farmers.
Componente Enfermero
Authors: Macías Rengifo Gloria Patricia , Loor Macías Amanda Patricia , Delgado Bernal Doris Susana , Bravo Bonoso Delia Georgina , Cedeño Macías Zoila Aidee , Briones Bermeo Narcisa Paulina , Zambrano Loor Liricis Yamara , Solórzano Solórzano Sidar Edgardo , Barreto Rosado Mirian Enrriqueta , Yomaira Estefanía Pincay Reyes
Published: November 2020

El presente texto se ha elaborado con el propósito de que estudiantes y docentes que imparten de las escuelas de Enfermería de las universidades del Ecuador, tengan acceso a una herramienta de consulta, en la cual están inmersas temáticas de gran importancia, las autoras han transcrito sus experiencias obtenidas durante más de 30 años en el Ministerio de salud pública del Ecuador, obviamente utilizando en algunos casos bibliografías de textos y manuales del MSP los cuales no pueden ser modificados, estos son normas y técnicas administrativas de procedimientos para el equipo de salud, donde se indican paso a paso los protocolos y/o instrucciones que se deben aplicar en las diferentes situaciones de salud; se facilitaran las tareas de aplicación en la parte operativa y, en la cual el estudiante deberá adquirir experiencia; se ha tratado de resumir temas y subtemas para comprender y analizar conceptos, se aplican ejercicios matemáticos que darán resultados de indicadores de salud del primer nivel de atención en los programas del MSP.
Introducción a la Nutrición Clínica
Authors: Cevallos Pico Wendy Gabriela , Balladares Mazzini Manuel Bernardo , Rodríguez Chávez Danixa Alexandra , Borbor Perero Jimmy Ruben , Laje Olvera Gabriela Isabel , Cedeño Andrade Diana Gabriela , Tinoco Lara María Augusta , Yanez Tigselema Yadira Geovana , Arcentales Vera Karla Valeria , Mendieta Torres Melissa Mercedes
Published: November 2020

En la sociedad actual la industria de los alimentos es uno de los sectores económicos generador de mayores niveles de venta, junto a la industria farmacéutica y la industria cultural. Las personas en la actualidad tienen disponible en los mercados e hipermercados una gran cantidad y diversidad de alimentos y comida, pero carecen de información y educación, por ende, esto no significa que estén bien nutridos con una alimentación balanceada. Por el contrario, estamos en la época donde las enfermedades que más muertes generan, están asociadas a una mala alimentación, ya sea por exceso, poco balance o mala selección de los productos comestibles. La vida acelerada y agitada deja poco espacio para una selección, conservación y preparación de alimentos de forma sana. Esto ocurre tanto en los países ricos y pobres, tanto en los grupos sociales acomodados como en los más deprimidos de todo el mundo. Sin embargo, la mayoría de la población mundial, no tiene acceso a diversidad de alimentos, por ende, su nutrición es escasa o mala, y desarrollan enfermedades y una baja calidad de vida que se reproduce junto a la pobreza.
Compendio de Obstetricia
Authors: Mejia Campoverde Lauro Hernan , Cárdenas Heredia Freddy Rosendo , Padrón Martínez Esteban , Borja Robalino Brigith Vanessa , Buelvas Muza Jorge de Jesús , Cherrez Anguizaca Jimena Elizabeth , Muñoz Palomeque Danilo Gustavo , Patiño Albán Paula Dayanna
Published: November 2020

En la práctica Obstétrica existen temas de difícil comprensión, requiriéndose un amplio conocimiento teórico y una práctica permanente para lograr superar esta dificultad. En el presente texto descriptivo y didáctico, se han utilizado imágenes, gráficos ilustrativos y descriptivos para facilitar el aprendizaje de los lectores. Se contextualizan minuciosamente las técnicas a utilizar de forma adecuada en los diferentes procedimientos, diagnósticos, tratamientos, realización correcta del tacto vaginal, forma adecuada de la valoración, pelvis ósea, determinación de la dilatación y borramiento cervical e interpretación de los planos de descenso de la presentación fetal. Además, se elaboraron cuadros, tablas, flujogramas, algoritmos útiles para enfrentar las distintas complicaciones obstétricas. Todos los elementos antes descritos ayudarán a la formación de los estudiantes que cursan la Cátedra de Obstetricia.
Introducción al diagnóstico por imagen
Authors: Layana López Xavier Alejandro , Zambrano Soledispa Stefany Nathaly , Yánez Contreras Juan Bautista , Zambrano Franco Erick Hugo , Ollague Armijos Rossibell Berenisse , Flores Poveda Katherine Andrea , Cobos Zambrano Milton Fernando , Flores Subia Denisse Lissette , Vélez Gavilánez Wendy Estefania , Pincay Mendoza Juan Carlos
Published: November 2020

El diagnóstico por imagen se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental de la práctica clínica, gracias a que, en la actualidad, permiten detectar patologías con una precocidad nunca antes conocida. Así pues, el principal objetivo del diagnóstico por imagen es generar información de gran importancia para la caracterización de la fisiología y/o anatomía de diversos órganos o partes del cuerpo humano, por lo cual deberá atender por igual, los principios físicos y técnicos de los protocolos de adquisición por imagen, los principios del tratamiento de los métodos y técnicas para la obtención de imagen, así como, los principios médicos que se precisen para su aplicación, tanto anatómicos como metabólicos. En tal sentido, el principal objetivo de este libro, es desarrollar un texto de consulta sobre las técnicas básicas del diagnóstico médico por imagen, que pueda servir de guía y referencia a estudiantes de los primeros niveles de medicina, así como aquellos no especialistas interesados en el tema de la imagenología.
Cirugía Plástica
Authors: Luna Sevcik José Elías , Luna Noboa Gabriela Natasha , Avecillas Segovia Rafael Antonio , Olvera Triviño Juan Carlos , Yerovi Villacrés Claudia Valeria , Demera Demera Luis Carlos , Tacuri Burgos Karla Alexandra , Suriaga Ramírez Katiuska Vanessa , Sánchez León Cristian David , García Contreras Danilo Alexis
Published: November 2020

En el campo de las ciencias médicas, reconocer la importancia de la tecnología como fuente de trabajo, lleva a los diferentes especialistas, en particular al cirujano plástico mirar su hacer diario, desde una perspectiva transformadora e innovadora; donde el cuerpo humano, afianza sus conocimientos de forma integral, para generar en las personas cambios importantes que permitan en sus pacientes incrementar la autoestima, involucrarse desde su yo como un eje que les da posibilidades de tener nuevas oportunidades a participar en cada actividad diaria, laboral, familiar y personal propuesta. Del texto anterior, se desprende la importancia que presenta la cirugía plástica en este siglo XXI, al considerar al cuerpo humano como un receptor de posibles transformaciones, que llevan a dicha área científica al reconocimiento de los estudios genéticos, trasplantes de tejidos, abordaje de quemaduras, lesiones cutáneas, manejo de las diferentes patología que ameritan una modificación armónica para darle al paciente un reencuentro con su nuevo estilo de vida. Todo ello, permite hoy concebir el trabajo del cirujano plástico desde una óptica reconstructiva en estructuras anormales del cuerpo originadas por defectos congénitos, anomalías del desarrollo, traumatismos, infecciones y enfermedades entre otros. Quiero decir que estas ideas, han sido una inspiración personal, las cuales desde hace mucho tiempo, se convierten en pensamientos inconscientes que me llevan a recopilar toda la información para finalmente presentar este libro como resultado de mi experiencias y deseos de indicar nuevas interpretaciones centradas en la recopilación de toda la indagación para plasmar cada una de las argumentaciones que dan vida a dicha producción científica, Por ello, su contenido no tiene una dedicación en particular, simplemente miro el horizonte y recojo la necesidad de indicar a través de mi trabajo de lector, escritor e intérprete aquellos planteamientos anteriores para convertirlos en evidencias nuevas que surgen continuamente, de ese modo, ofrecerlas a cualquier cirujano; pero al mismo tiempo a los individuos interesados en el contenido temático que expongo.
Pediatría: Patología del niño y el adolescente
Authors: Moreno Gallegos Daniela Carolina , Cobos Valencia Santiago Marcelo , Silva Aguayo Diego Fernando , Zabala Aguilar Mayra Alexandra , Cobos Valencia Mónica Gabriela , Moncayo Velasco Carlos Edmundo , Romero Galarza Verónica Alexandra , Tibanlombo Poaquiza Jessica Ines , Aguilar Villagran Martha Elizabeth , Mencías Moreira Leticia Vanessa
Published: November 2020

Una de las primeras experiencias como ser humano en un centro médico es la visita al pediatra para poder conocer el desarrollo de nuestro organismo, así como también en el fortalecimiento de nuestro sistema inmunológico por medio de la aplicación de todas las vacunas pertinentes. El poder establecer un desarrollo sano se requiere un esfuerzo de las personas que están a nuestro alrededor. A pesar de los parámetros externos, como la condición del medio ambiente, así como también de la condición geográfica del lugar de residencia son catalizadores de muchas de las enfermedades que padecemos en la infancia. Estas principales enfermedades son las que afectas las vías respiratorias. Cada órgano que forma parte de este sistema tiene una función primordial para el desarrollo de nuestro organismo, y más si en la etapa infantil estos están en pleno crecimiento y desarrollo haciendo las más vulnerables a estas condiciones externas
Introducción al diagnostico por imagen: Imagenología
Authors: Meléndez López Francisco Rodrigo , Muso Pilchisaca Carol Yacqueline , Beltrán Rodríguez Washington Ricardo , Tomalá Calderón Rigoberto Ignacio , Moreno Alvarado Ingrid Dora , Ruiz Arriciaga Alex Christopher , Méndez Pereira Katherine Sofía , Sánchez Sánchez Jorge Saúl , Pachay Tapia María Belén , Ramos García Ronny Ramiro
Published: November 2020

La práctica médica moderna, como resultado a las invenciones en el campo tecnológico, han logrado importantes cambios en los procesos que llevan al médico a un diagnóstico preciso y coherente, encargado de darle al paciente una verdadera atención integral y así, alcanzar su incorporación en la realización de sus actividades laborales, diarias, familiares, sociales entre otros. Este nuevo concepto, se encuentra determinado por la utilización de la imagenología como básica que ayuda al especialista durante su evaluación obtiene un adecuado manejo, conoce y apoya cada día sus correctos planteamientos a realizar en los estudios realizados. En consecuencia, al lograr eficiencia en el manejo de las imágenes, las diferentes especialidades médicas se pueden ofrecer a cada paciente, nuevas oportunidades centradas en ubicar la sintomatología expuesta durante el diagnóstico clínico. Es decir, incorporar estos nuevos recursos tecnológicos facilita la respectiva valoración en cuanto a las bases físicas y técnicas de los principales métodos del diagnóstico por imágenes, lo que hace posible guiar al médico hacia las diferentes regiones topográficas del cuerpo humano, enseñando con ello, la relación anatomo imagenológica y cómo interpretarla correctamente cada uno de estos recursos pertenecientes a las imágenes médicas.
Generalidades Básicas de Traumatología y Ortopedia
Authors: Yunga Quimi Asisclo Xavier , Zurita Beltrán Andrea Estefanía , Tóala Araujo María Alejandra , Navarrete Ovalle Karina Esteffania , Macías Boloña Fernando Alejandro , Moreano Jalil Natalia , Ávila Hidalgo Susana Edith , Montenegro Villavicencio Antonella Fanny , Llanos Oquendo Edwin Rommel , Machuca Marín Volmer
Published: November 2020

La presente, es una obra hecha y pensada desde el autoreconocimiento de nuestras debilidades cognitivas, en una disciplina con una complejidad de constructos bastante amplios pero que necesariamente deben estar interconectados para la verdadera comprensión del ser humano convaleciente por causales relacionadas con la Traumatología y Ortopedia. La superespecialización de las distintas áreas del conocimiento ha incurrido en esa fragmentación que induce a la incomprensión del todo simplificando lo complejo y descomponiendo la totalidad en un sin número de partes que por sí solas, separadas, no explican nada y por el contrario contradicen todo. “…los desarrollos disciplinarios de las ciencias no solo aportan las ventajas de la división del trabajo, también aportan los inconvenientes de la superespecialización, del enclaustramiento y de la fragmentación del saber” (Edgar Morin 2002. P. 15) Afortunadamente para la Traumatología y la Ortopedia, ha resultado prácticamente imposible parcelar sus saberes y por el contrario la realidad humana, social, científica y humanística, le han mantenido en un ejercicio integrado e integrador desde la cosmovisión necesaria que implica atender situaciones de la salud en los seres humanos. Esa es una de las causas por la que ambas disciplinas, en un origen separadas, de alguna manera, terminan encontrándose en un solo cuerpo, ajustándose a su propia naturaleza y “caminan” juntas sumando otras áreas tanto médicas como políticas, sociales, económicas, entre muchas otras que servirán para explicar y comprender las situaciones y enfermedades que se abordan desde la disciplina particular. Es una obra pensada desde los niveles más básicos de una disciplina que por su larga data histórica y su nivel de complejidad ha alcanzado una extraordinaria trascendencia en el mundo de las ciencias de la salud y especialmente en el campo de la medicina. Está en particular orientada a estudiantes del área de la medicina y todo aquel que da sus primeros pasos en Traumatología y Ortopedia de manera que inicie su camino con aplomo y con humildad, reconociéndose a sí mismo como un constructor más de saberes y como una partícula fundamental en un todo integrado desde la visón sistémica. “Generalidades Básicas de Traumatología y Ortopedia”, pretende ser un libro de consulta para conocimientos generales del área y un material de estudio con intencionalidad didáctica, dedicado a estudiantes y novicios que deseen internarse en el maravilloso y extraordinario mundo de la salud visto desde la Traumatología y la Ortopedia.
Elementos de Técnicas Quirúrgicas
Authors: García Delgado Jorge Enrique , Morales Chaucalá Gabriela Stefanía , García López Mario Giovanny , Bravo García Evelyn Johanna
Published: November 2020

La cirugía está estrechamente asociada, con mucha razón, a la práctica de la medicina, aunque histórica y genealógicamente no fue siempre así. Hoy en día, se la asume como una parte relevante de esa profesión que se refiere a la intervención directa e instrumental en el cuerpo, para cumplir con los grandes ideales de la curación, la evitación del dolor, la consecución de la salud y el bienestar de los seres humanos, que, desde sus orígenes en la más lejana antigüedad, caracterizan a esta loada ocupación y conocimiento. Por ello, en la actualidad, en las Universidades se otorga el título profesional de médico cirujano. La cirugía es un conjunto de conocimientos técnicos e instrumentales. Implica unas destrezas y unas habilidades especiales, así como la adquisición de una experiencia muy especial, que es la de incidir, abrir y entrar al interior de los cuerpos humanos, manipular e incluso sustituir órganos, cortar o suturar, retirar cuerpos extraños, reparar lesiones, rectificar malformaciones, incluso mejorar aspectos y corregir deformaciones. Es, dicho quizás con cierta crudeza, meter las manos en el cuerpo. Los médicos tienen ese trato directo con el organismo humano, pero sus medios son diversos y no solamente con las manos. El médico emplea múltiples métodos, desde la palabra, la presencia amistosa y auxiliadora, ciertas indicaciones prácticas, hasta las sustancias y compuestos farmacológicos y químicos, para conseguir sus objetivos de salud. La cirugía es, específicamente, ese contacto e intervención manual, directa e instrumental con el cuerpo, lo cual implica conocimientos y habilidades específicos, así como sus riesgos concretos.
La psicomotricidad y la importancia en el desarrollo del niño escolar: reflexiones desde la experiencia
Authors: Bravo Loor Santos Domingo , Caycedo Casas Xiomara , León Cadme Mayra , Bravo Saquicela Diana , Casanova Romero Ilya , Bravo Saquicela Hans Leonardo , Carreño Acebo Maria Elena , Pico Martínez Verónica Stefanía , Marín Tello Ana Paola , Calle Poveda Anny Gabriela , Sancán Moreira Mercy Teresa
Published: November 2020

El desarrollo psicomotriz hace referencia a un proceso constante que abarca desde la concepción hasta la madurez con una secuencia similar en todos los niños; sin embargo, el ritmo varía de acuerdo a un sinnúmero de factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos tanto del niño como del entorno que lo rodea; por tanto en este proceso el infante desarrolla habilidades en las áreas del lenguaje comprensivo y expresivo, motricidad gruesa y fina, en lo adaptativo e independencia, en la cognición a través de la percepción visual y auditiva. Además en un estudio exploratorio y transversal, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de literatura científica actualizada de bases de datos referente al tema estudiado, aplicando el método teórico de análisis y síntesis. Con respecto a los resultados de la revisión bibliográfica se desprende que las principales teorías del desarrollo que fundamentan tanto la evaluación del desarrollo como la intervención en las alteraciones psicomotrices son: teoría de la maduración de Gesell, teoría del desarrollo cognoscitivo de Piaget, teoría del desarrollo psicosexual de Freud y teoría sociocultural de Lev Vygotsky. En conclusión, la evaluación del desarrollo y la intervención de las alteraciones psicomotrices se sustentan en la psicología del desarrollo, la psicología del aprendizaje y la neurología evolutiva.
Bond between Steel Reinforcement Bars and Seawater Concrete
Authors: Adnan Adnan , Parung Herman , Tjaronge M. W. , Djamaluddin Rudy
Published: November 2020

In order to promote sustainable development in the remote islands this present research attempted to study the suitability of seawater, that available abundantly surrounding the remote islands with Portland composite cement (PCC) and crushed river stones to produce concrete. This research aims to utilize seawater, and Portland composite cement (PCC) to produce high-performance concrete in order to eliminate the main problems of clean water shortage in the low land areas and the remote islands. Infrastructure development can be sustained through the effective use of natural available local materials on the remote islands. The method used in this research is an experimental method in the laboratory. Two variations of concrete were made using freshwater and seawater, respectively as a mixing material with a water to cement ratio (w/c) of 0.55. The evaluation result on concrete compressive strength and bond strength of seawater concrete were discussed. Experimental results showed the compressive strength of the seawater concrete is lower by 6.26% as compared to the normal concrete at water-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.55. In addition, the bonding strength of steel bar embedded in seawater concrete is lower by 4.34% as compared to the bonding strength of steel bar embedded in normal concrete at water-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.55. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-SP(EMCE)-06 Full Text: PDF
OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF CARBIDIZED SILICON NANOWIRES
Authors: Polyektova Natalia , Latuhina Natalia , Chepurnov Viktor , Pavlikov Alexander , Golovan Leonid
Published: November 2020

In this work the optical properties of carbidized silicon nanowires (SiNW) are investigated.
COMPARISON OF MOBILITY IN THIN-FILM STRUCTURES WITH DIFFERENT DESIGN PARAMETERS
Authors: Zaitseva Elsa , Naumova Olga
Published: November 2020

This study aims to found the conditions under which the same carrier distribution is achieved in thin-film structures with different design parameters, which is necessary for a correct comparison of the mobility in films. It was shown that the carrier distribution is controlled by a number of parameters which can be determined from the experimental dependences of the thin-film transistors.
CHARGE CARRIERS TRANSPORT AND PERMITTIVITY OF SIO2 FILMS WITH INSB NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Zukowsk Pawel , Koltunowicz Tomasz , Czarnacka Karolina , Fedotov Alexander , Tyschenko Ida
Published: November 2020

A.c. current conductivity, capacitance, phase angle and dielectric loss tangent were studied for MOS SOI structures with ion-synthesized in the buried SiO2 layer InSb nanoparticles. Films conductivity nature change was detected at the temperature Т=200К. An exponential decay of the real and imaginary parts of the films complex dielectric constant was found.
THE NANOCRYSTALS SIZE ESTIMATION USING RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY IN A-SIOX:H FILMS AFTER CRYSTALLIZATION OF SILICON NANOCLUSTERS
Authors: Terekhov Vladimir , Terukov Eugene , Undalov Yurii , Barkov Konstantin , Seredin Pavel , Goloshchapov Dmitry , Zanin Igor , Domashevskaya Evelina
Published: November 2020

The a-SiOx thin films with silicon nanoclusters are currently being actively studied by various laboratories due to the possibility of efficient control of their optical properties, both at the stage of formation and using technological treatments. The presence of excess silicon in such films leads to the growth of nanocrystals during high-temperature annealing, which affects the optical properties of SiOx films, including photoluminescence. Therefore, in this work, we studied the formation of silicon nanocrystals in a-SiOx films during Pulse Photon Annealing (PPA). X-ray diffraction studies of SiOx films with different silicon contents have shown that, upon PPA annealing, arrays of silicon nanocrystals of significantly different average sizes are formed. Moreover, according to the Raman spectroscopy data, PPA does not lead to complete ordering of the structural network of silicon atoms, and some of the atoms, apparently located in small clusters of ~1 nm, retain deviations from interatomic distances and bond angles.
STRUCTURAL AND ELECTROPHYSICALLY PERFECT SILICONSAPPHIRE HETEROPAIRS WITH A HIGH-K INTERLAYER DIELECTRIC
Authors: Antonov Valentin , Popov Vladimir , Tarkov Sergey , Tyschenko Ida
Published: November 2020

This work investigates the features of the formation of a silicon-sapphire interlayer heterointerface obtained by direct splicing, both with an intermediate amorphous dielectric (Hf, Zr, Al; AlN oxides) and without it. The results of structural and electrophysical studies of these structures are presented.
MODELING THE TOPOLOGICAL NON-UNIFORMITY OF THE LAYERS DEPOSITED FROM THE GAS PHASE ON A SUBSTRATE MICRORELIEF
Authors: Evdokimov Vladimir
Published: November 2020

Expressions are proposed for the profile of layers deposited from the gas phase in trenches and on terrain ridges of integrated circuits.
SPICE MODELS OF SUB-MICRON CMOS MOSFETS IN THE CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE RANGE
Authors: Ismail-Zade Mamed , Sambursky Lev
Published: November 2020

This paper presents Low-T SPICE models of submicron MOSFETs, designed to calculate electronic circuits in the cryogenic temperature range (down to 4 K). The procedure for extracting the Low-T SPICE model parameters based on the measurement results or TCAD simulation of a standard set of I-V and C-V characteristics in the cryogenic temperature range has been developed.
MAIN LDE EFFECTS OF DEEP SUBMICRON MOS TRANSISTORS AND APPROACHES TO THEIR CONSIDERATION INTO SPICE MODELS
Authors: Shipitsin Dmitriy , Potupchik Aleksandr , Shemyakin Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

A review of the main, in terms of the influence on the electrophysical behavior of the MOS transistor, topology-dependent effects (LDE) was performed. Approaches to development test structures designed for their subsequent measurement, extraction of SPICE parameters and integration the results into a compact model are proposed.
BEOL IMPACT TO IC PERFORMANCE FOR SOI180, SOI90 AND CMOS180, CMOS90 TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Shipitsin Dmirty , Potupchik Alexandr , Nushtaev Alexey
Published: November 2020

Test structures of ring generators for researching BEOL impact to the IC performance were developed. The frequency characteristics of the test structures were measured. The electrical circuit’s parasitic components of the test structures were extracted. The impact of various parasitic components on IC performance for SOI180, SOI90 and CMOS180, CMOS90 technologies was studied.
SI MICROWAVE SWITCHES RESEARCH AND DESIGN
Authors: Filippov Ivan , Vertegel Valeriy , Gimpilevich Yuri
Published: November 2020

The results of research and design of solid-state microwave switches based on 180 nm CMOS technology are presented.
INFLUENCE OF A METAL SURFACE ON THE ELECTROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF A VOLUMETRIC SHORT-CIRCUITED UHF TAG.
Authors: Epov Ilya
Published: November 2020

This paper is devoted to the study of RFID systems. A physical model of a three-dimensional RFID tag in the presence of a metal surface was developed. The article also provides measurements of its frequency response at different shield sizes.
RESEARCH AND APPROBATION OF THE METHOD OF MICROCIRCUITS INTERCHANGEABILITY EFFICIENCY EVALUATION IN RADAR EQUIPMENT BASED ON CRITICAL PARAMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS SET
Authors: Shabanov Andrei , Putrya Mikhail
Published: November 2020

The research of the basic parametric characteristics of integrated circuits that affect the radar equipment was conducted, a comparative analysis of modulators and demodulators was carried out and the methodological approach of assessment of effectiveness of interchangeability of chips in a radar equipment is tested. K
CURRENT STATE OF MEMRISTOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Haolong Du
Published: November 2020

The article summarizes the existing problems in memristor research and discusses the directions of further research.
A FLEXIBLE APPROACH TO SIMULATE ELECTROFORMING AND RESISTIVE SWITCHING IN METAL OXIDE MEMRISTIVE DEVICES CONTAINING FILAMENTS
Authors: Okulich Evgeniya , Guseinov Davud , Korolev Dmitry , Belov Alexey , Okulich Victor , Tetelbaum David , Mikhaylov Alexey
Published: November 2020

An original model of resistive switching of metal oxide memristive devices is proposed. The efficiency and flexibility of the approach are demonstrated by the example of experimentally realized Au/oxide/TiN structures.
MEMRISTOR STRUCTURES BASED ON THIN SI3N4 LAYERS AND CHARGE TRANSPORT MECHANISM RESEARCH
Authors: Orlov Oleg , Gismatulin Andrey , Gritsenko Vladimir
Published: November 2020

The article describes promising directions of development of non-volatile resistive memory ReRAM. Silicon nitride is a promising resistive switching layer for memristors. In this work we conducted an experimental researches of the switching effect and charge transport in memristores based on silicon nitride.
PARAMETRIC APPROACH TO THE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF SILICON ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Koldaev Igor
Published: November 2020

The report describes an enlarged computer-aided design algorithm and the structure of the knowledge base of electronic information-measuring systems based on multi-stage transformation of signal and device parameters is described.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOOL FOR GENERATING A SET OF CLIPS FOR CONDUCTING SMO
Authors: Sahashchik Ulyana , Sokolova Evgeniya
Published: November 2020

In this paper present the development of a tool for generating a set of clips for 28nm and below technology nodes and the research a library of clips for the presence of forbidden steps.
Gut microbiota modification as an option in multiple sclerosis management
Authors: Zwiernik Beata , Arłukowicz Tomasz , Mycko Marcin , Zwiernik Jacek
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by the abnormal activity of the immune system. It is believed that the pathological immune response may be initiated in the intestines, the area of the largest antigen presentation. This is where autoreactive T and B cells are activated, which constitutes the pathomechanism of this disease. In a healthy organism, normal gut microbiota mediates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory activity of the immune system.

Aim:
This paper aims at describing the healthy gut microbiota, its changes in MS patients, factors that influence its composition and therapeutic corrective possibilities.

Material and methods:
The paper is based on available medical literature.

Results and discussion:
It has been evidenced that in MS patients the gut microbiota is dominated by pro-inflammatory species. This may be caused by environmental factors, for instance, the diet, antibiotics or stimulants. Methods of the microbiota correction involve dietary change, prebiotics and probiotics as well as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT is a particularly safe and promising method that has proven its efficiency on an animal model of MS.

Conclusions:
Experimental research has revealed that the correction of the gut microbiota may lead to MS remission or alleviation. FMT utilized in inflammatory bowel disease seems to be presently the most comprehensive intervention. Since only incidental reports of its efficiency in humans are presently available, further clinical studies are necessary.
A chicken bone stuck in a divertic sigmoid colon, accidentally detected during a colonoscopy
Authors: Lasocki Jacek , Kowalczyk Marek , Dyśko Łukasz , Klepacki Łukasz , Kurpiewski Waldemar , Pesta Wiesław , Zieliński Ewa , Zadrożny Dariusz
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
The swallowing of foreign bodies is a common clinical disorder.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to present the case of a swallowed foreign body and discuss the possible endoscopic approaches.

Case study:
We present a case of a 56-year-old woman who had a stuck chicken bone in a divertic sigmoid colon. In CT the presence of the bone in the sigmoid colon with edema and thickening of a wall around the foreign body was confirmed. The bone was removed in a hospital setting during colonoscopy with the use of ‘rat teeth’ forceps without complications.

Results and discussion:
Swallowed foreign bodies are usually excreted from the gastrointestinal tract without any complications, however, sometimes they can lead to serious clinical problems such as obstruction, perforation or bleeding. Most stapled foreign bodies in a large intestine can be removed endoscopically without complications. About 5% of patients require surgical treatment.

Conclusions:
The bone removal performed in the hospital setting ensured the possibility of appropriate procedure in case of complications, such as intestinal perforation or bleeding. The endoscopic bone removal prevented the development of complications requiring surgical treatment.
Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome – a historical overview
Authors: Szychlińska Magdalena , Gontarz-Nowak Katarzyna , Matuszewski Wojciech , Myszka-Podgórska Katarzyna , Bandurska-Stankiewicz Elżbieta
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Although attempts to establish a definition of metabolic syndrome (MS) intensified two decades ago, research into diseases co-occurring with MS was initiated as early as in the 17th century. The breakthrough came in 1988 with a study by Gerald M. Reaven, which combined so far unrelated conditions into X syndrome. In the 20th and 21st century, research focused on providing a definition applicable in clinical practice. Aim: The following overview summarizes the history of MS, from early descriptions to the most recent attempts at defining it. Material and methods: The literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases focusing on history of research on MS, criteria of diagnosis. Results and discussion: Since 1998, while the concept of MS was accepted, the definition has evolved. Since the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance definition was announced, the essential components of diagnosing MS have not changed, they have only been specified to include a greater part of the population. It seems that MS is not only a pathophysiological term, but also a practical-clinical one. When diagnosed, it involves further medical treatment. Conclusions: (1) The definition of MS has evolved, becoming simplified so that it can be used in clinical practice. (2) Main components of diagnosing MS have been specified to include a greater part of the population. (3) It seems that MS is not only a pathophysiological term, but also a practical-clinical one. (4) The construct of MS definition has inherent limitations which impact on its clinical usefulness. (5) The current definition might be subject to more modifications following new research studies.