bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Dental Magnification Loupes on The Quality of The Enamel Surface Roughness After Orthodontic Brackets Debonding Using Different Methods (An In-Vitro Experiment)
Authors: A. Alzubaidy Ayad , M. K. Nissan Layth
Published: January 2025

Background: This review aims to assess the enamel surface roughness change following brackets debonding and adhesive cleaning using two types of adhesive removal burs with and without wearing dental loupes. Material and Methods: Eighty human premolars were extracted before starting orthodontic treatment and used as the samples for the current study. All samples were attached with metal brackets and then divided at random into four groups (n=20) by wearing Loupes and using tungsten carbide bur (LT), wearing Loupes and using stainbuster bur (LS), using tungsten carbide bur without wearing loupes (WLT) and using stainbuster bur without wearing loupes (WLS). All groups were subjected to these methods by using low-speed handpiece. Enamel surface roughness (ESR) measurements were done using Stylus Profilometry (Surface roughness tester Time®3200) as (R1) before the bonding time point and (R2) after the adhesive cleaning time point.
Results: The outcomes were statistically analyzed via the Independent T-test (P ≤ 0.05). The results displayed statistically considerable differences between the resin cleaning methods related to enamel surface roughness by wearing loupes or not and using tungsten carbide or stainbuster burs. Conclusion: Wearing dental loupes during the debonding procedure could improve the quality of the adhesive removal technique. In addition, a stainbuster burs system showed a better adhesive removal method than tungsten carbide bur.
The Influence of Adding Zero-Dimensional Nanomaterial on Certain Mechanical Properties of Repaired Heat -Cured Acrylic Denture Base
Authors: F. Altaie Shurooq
Published: January 2025

Denture fracture is a prevalent issue in prosthodontic practice that affects patients and prosthodontists. This study aims to investigate the influnce of MgO nano fillers on flexural and impact strengthof repaired heat–cured acrylic resin denture base. Materials and methods: Sixty heat-cured acrylic resin specimens have been created according to the ISO standard 1567:1999/2003(E) for denture base polymers. Thirty specimens were created for flexural strength test with dimension of ( 65mm x10mm  x2.5 mm ±0.1mm) and the other thirty specimens for impact strength test with dimension of (50mm x 6mm x 4mm ).Curing was done in a water bath machine,andcompleted the finishing and polishing. Then, the specimens separation were done by a separating disc . Each group was subdivided as follows: Group (A): control repaired done with self-curing resin without MgO nanoparticles, Group (B) and (C): the repaire wasdone with self-curing resin with the addition of MgO nanoparticles at concentrations of 2wt.%and 4wt.%  (n=10). Curing  repaired specimens in Ivomat  device.  Data were analyzed using Tukey HSD test andaP-value ≤ 0.05 was considered- a statistically significant.Results: TheTukey HSD test indicated significant difference P-value ≤ 0.05 in theflexural strength between control group and group 4wt. % MgO, whereas no significant differencewas identified between 2wt.%MgOwith4wt.%MgO. However,there was no significant difference in the impact strength (P ˃ 0.05) for all  groups.Conclusions: The incorporation of 2wt.% of MgO nano fillers into repaired PMMA resin had no effect on flexural or impact strength.
Effect of in office dental bleaching on the Microleakage of Class V Restorations
Authors: I. AL-Jobory Ahmed
Published: January 2025

This study was aimed to assess marginal microleakage in cervical cavities restored with different composite resins after in-office bleaching. Methods: A total of forty-two class V composite restorations on the buccal surfaces of extracted teeth were prepared then divided into three groups each group was 14 in number according to the type of composite. After bleaching with 32 percent hydrogen peroxide, a stereomicroscope was used to assess the amount of dye penetration at the gingival and occlusal margins at a magnification of×20 and reported. The non-parametric analysis method (alpha = 0.05) was utilized to evaluate the data. Results: The data demonstrates no significant differences in the microleakage scores obtained between the three groups subjected to bleaching (p< 0.442). Conclusion:   Marginal microleakage in composite resin restorations is influenced by the action of bleaching gels applied.
Estimation and Comparative Evaluation of Crown Mesiodistal Angulation in Angle Class I Canine Molar Relation of Iraqi Populations
Authors: Thanoon Almoula Mohammed , Dewachi Zaid
Published: January 2025

Aims of the study: to assess the crowns' mesiodistal angulation in angle class I canines and molars relationship; provide normative data for tipping values of Iraqi populations.
Materials and Methods: 240 maxillary and mandibular dental casts of young people (18-24 years) with normal class I occlusion was used to assess mesiodistal tooth angulation. Data was examined and for each measurement, the mean and standard deviation were determined. At a significant level of (p≤0.05), the paired t-test, independent t-test and student t-test were utilized for the comparison.
 Results: There were no significant differences between the right and left quadrants of the studied study sample related to the tooth mesiodistal angulation results for the adult population of Iraq. The Iraqi mesiodistal angulation data were merged because there was generally no significant variation between the male and female samples. However, there were significant differences between the combined Iraqi data and the published data when they were compared.
Conclusion: Comparing the crown mesiodistal angulations data of Iraqi population to North American, Italian, African, Japanese, Indian, and Saudi data revealed statistically significant differences. We concluded that however offering bracket recommendations, ethnic differences should be taken in consideration.
КОНЦЕРТ «ПЕЧАЛЬНЫЕ ПЕСНИ» ВАЛЕРИЯ ПЬЯНКОВА
Authors: СХАПЛОК Г А.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматривается хоровой концерт «Печальные песни» современного композитора Валерия Васильевича Пьянкова (1940 г.р.), написанный на стихотворения Александра Блока. Произведение создавалось во второй половине 80-х годов ХХ века и явилось своего рода, реакцией, эмоциональным откликом музыканта на происходящие кардинальные перемены в жизни родного государства. Концерт состоит из одиннадцати хоров, названия которых соответствуют названиям блоковских произведений, написанных с 1905 по 1914 годы. Первые четыре хора повествуют о тревогах и лишениях после революции 1917 года в России. Три средних хора - это картины России, средневековой Европы, Испании. Последние четыре хора выражают стремление к христианским идеалам, к духовному Возрождению. В статье осваивается малоизученный в отечественном музыкознании материал, что обусловливает актуальность и научную новизну исследования. Цель работы - расширить представления музыкальной науки об отечественной хоровой музыке последних десятилетий, в частности о сочинениях для хора Валерия Пьянкова.

The article examines the choral concert «Sad Songs» by the modern composer Valery Vasilyevich Pyankov (born in 1940), written on poems by Alexander Blok. The work was created in the second half of the 80s of the twentieth century and was a kind of reaction, an emotional response of the musician to the cardinal changes taking place in the life of his native state. The concert consists of eleven choirs, the names of which correspond to the names of Blok's works created from 1905 to 1914. The first four choirs tell about the anxieties and hardships after the 1917 revolution in Russia. The three middle choirs are paintings of Russia, medieval Europe, and Spain. The last four choirs express the desire for Christian ideals, for spiritual Rebirth. The article examines the little-studied material in Russian musicology, which determines the relevance and scientific novelty of the study. The aim of the work is to expand the understanding of musical science about the Russian choral music of recent decades, in particular about the compositions for the choir by Valery Pyankov.
ФОРТЕПИАННЫЙ АККОМПАНЕМЕНТ КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ ДРАМАТУРГИИ И СРЕДСТВО ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ВЫРАЗИТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ВОКАЛЬНОМ ЦИКЛЕ «ЛЮБОВЬ ПОЭТА» Р. ШУМАНА
Authors: ЧИКИТОВА-ШАДТ  К , СЕ  Т.
Published: January 2025

В статье исследуется роль фортепианного аккомпанемента как средства драматургии и эмоциональной выразительности в вокальном цикле Роберта Шумана. Рассматривается, как романтический аккомпанемент может выходить за рамки простой поддержки вокальной линии и становиться полноценным участником музыкального повествования. На примере цикла песен Шумана "Любовь поэта" раскрываются способы передачи сложных эмоциональных состояний посредством изменения в ритме, фактуре, тембре и динамике фортепианной партии. При этом акцентируется внимание на взаимосвязи музыкальных и поэтических элементов, углубляющей драматизм и эмоциональную напряженность произведений.

The article explores the role of piano accompaniment as a means of emotional expression in Romantic songs, with a special focus on the work of Robert Schumann. It considers how accompaniment can go beyond mere support of the vocal line and become a full-fledged participant in the musical narrative. Using the example of Schumann's song cycle "The Poet's Love", it reveals the ways in which complex emotional states can be conveyed through changes in the rhythm, timbre and dynamics of piano parts. The study also emphasizes the interrelation of musical and poetic elements that deepen the drama and emotional tension of the works.
ВОПРОСЫ НАЧАЛЬНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИГРЕ НА ВАЛТОРНЕ
Authors: ФУРУКИН А В.
Published: January 2025

Начальное обучение игре на валторне является важным этапом становления музыканта-духовика, основная задача заложить прочный фундамент, на котором будет базироваться дальнейшее развитие учащегося. Здесь ученик получает основную информацию об инструменте, о мундштуке, базовые понятия о постановке корпуса тела по отношению к инструменту, постановка и работа губного аппарата, дыхания. Задача педагога на начальном этапе сформировать верные навыки, наметить пути для дальнейшего развития всех компонентов исполнительского аппарата будущего валторниста.

Initial training in playing the French horn is a mandatory stage in the development of a wind instrument player, the main task is to lay a solid foundation on which the further development of the student will be based. Here the student receives basic information about the instrument, the mouthpiece, basic concepts about the position of the body to adapt to the instrument, the position and operation of the labial apparatus, movement. The task of the teacher at the initial stage is to create the correct skills, to determine the path for the further development of all components of the performance of the future horn player.
Теоретические аспекты повышения энергоэффективности распределительных сетей промышленных предприятий при оптимальном управлении установками автоматической компенсации реактивной мощности (часть 2)
Authors: Александр В.Х. , Герман Д.Т.
Published: January 2025

Предложен метод управления установками автоматической компенсации реактивной мощности, которые эксплуатируются в распределительных сетях промышленных предприятий. Внедрение предложенного метода позволит управлять режимом реактивной мощности в системе электроснабжения промышленных предприятии, используя незадействованные в данный момент времени ступеней регулирования автоматических конденсаторных установок, подключенных к одним узлам распределительной сети промышленного предприятия, с целью компенсации реактивной мощности в других узлах указанной сети.

A method for controlling installations of automatic reactive power compensation, which are operated in the distribution networks of industrial enterprises, is proposed. The implementation of the proposed method will allow controlling the reactive power mode in the power supply system of an industrial enterprise using the currently unused control stages of automatic capacitor installations connected to one node of the distribution network of an industrial enterprise in order to compensate for reactive power in other nodes of the specified network.
الإعجاز العلمي في القرآن الكريم – إشكالية المصطلح
Authors: شرمند محمد مصطفى
Published: January 2025

هذه دراسةٌ تحليلية جدلية في فن الإعجاز العلمي في القرآن الكريم، الذي شاع ذكره في هذا القرن بين الناس، وبيانٌ لمدى صحة تسمية الاكتشافات العلمية الحديثة وموافقة بعضها لنصوص القرآن الكريم بهذه التسمية، وذلك إيماء لأهمية اعتبار المناهج العلمية في هذا الباب، ولئلا يكون الكلام فيه ضرباً من التلفيق بين العلوم وتداخلاً للمعرفة، وقد بيَّنتْ الدراسة طرفاً من أنواع العلوم وطرق الاستدلال، لتبرهن من خلال المنهج العلمي إن كانت التسمية وما ترمي إليه من معانٍ صحيحة في اصطلاح العلماء، معتمدة على المنهج التحليلي والجدلي، بهدف وضع هذا الفن على أسس علمية منضبطة، ضمن إطاره الخاص به بحيث لا يتعدى مقامه، وتحت مصطلحه الموافق له، فإن العلوم متباينة، ومن أجل معرفة وضع هذا العلم كان هذا البحث. كما وضَّحتْ أنواع الإعجاز في القرآن الكريم، وما هو اختيار علماء الإسلام في ذلك، منوهة إلى أن الكلام في هذا الباب يحتاج إلى ضوابط وأسس، متوخية الدقة في الكلام، والموضوعية في النقد، من غير تطويلٍ مُمل، ولا اختصار مُخل، من أجل أن نضبط الكلام في هذا الفن ونكون على بينة تامة فيه، فيحسن بعد ذلك استخدامنا له، وعرضنا إياه مع ما نرمي له ونتمناه في ميدان الدعوة إلى الله، من إدخال الناس في هذا الدين، وتوثيق المسلمين بعقائدهم وإيمانهم عن يقين.
Electrocoagulation and Filtration for Brackish Peat Water Desalination
Authors: Danial Mochammmad Meddy , Soeryamassoeka S.B. , Irmansyah Fitri , Purnaini Rizki , Teguh Rahmat
Published: January 2025

Electrocoagulation and filtration have been recognized as effective solutions for water treatment for many years. However, their application in the desalination process remains relatively uncommon. This research will highlight the requirement of systematic investigation into the potential of these processes for effectively reducing salinity levels on brackish water sources. Therefore, this experimental study in a laboratory setting is proposed to explore the efficacy of electrocoagulation combined with filtration in desalinating brackish peat water. The study aims to analyze the performance of these combined treatment processes by measuring key water quality parameters, including salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS), before and after treatment. Through a series of controlled experiments, the effects of varying treatment durations and operational conditions will be assessed to determine optimal parameters for maximum desalination efficiency. By employing advanced statistical analyses, such as ANOVA, this research will rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment processes. The combination of electrocoagulation (4 hours) and filtration (30 minutes) achieves significant reductions in both salinity and TDS, with a 40% to 83% improvement in water quality. ANOVA confirms these results, showing significant effects (F > F-crit, P < 0,05). While filtration alone is more effective than electrocoagulation, the combined approach yields even greater contaminant removal, highlighting its superior efficiency.
Oxide’s Acidity Prediction in Smith Scale Using a Simple Linear Model
Authors: Xing Wen , Larring Yngve , Bao Kai
Published: January 2025

A numeric scale of acidity and basicity, developed by D.W. Smith, allows for quantitative comparison between different oxides and has been useful in explaining various oxide behaviors. In this study, we aim to predict oxide acidity on the Smith scale using a machine learning approach. Previous attempts using a linear fit based on electronegativity showed a clear trend but lacked precision due to the simplicity of the model and the multi-valent nature of metal oxides. We propose a multi-parameter model incorporating four features: electronegativity, metal valence (raised to the power of 1/3), ionic radius, and dipole polarizability. A simple linear neural network outperformed a more complex 1D convolutional neural network, demonstrating superior accuracy and interpretability. Our model significantly improved predictive performance as compared to the single-parameter model. These results were validated through predictions of testing data and unknown oxides acidity were predicted in this work.
Substantial Magnetic Fields Arising from Ballistic Ring Currents in Single-molecule Junctions
Authors: Bro-Jørgensen William , Sauer Stephan P. A. , Solomon Gemma C. , Garner Marc H.
Published: January 2025

When a small electric bias is applied to a single- molecule junction, current will flow through the molecule via a tunneling mechanism. In molecules with a cyclic or helical structure there may be circular currents, giving rise to a uni-directional magnetic field. Here, we implement the Biot-Savart law and calculate the magnetic field resulting from the ballistic current density for a selection of molecules. We find that three prerequisites are important for achieving a substantial magnetic field in a single-molecule junction. (1) The current must be high, (2) the ring current must be unidirectional within the bias window, and (3) the diameter of the ring current must be small. We identify both cyclic and linear molecules that potentially fulfill these requirements. In cyclic annulenes with bond-length alternation the current might induce a magnetic field in the mT-range whereas archetypical cyclic molecules, such as benzene, are not suitable candidates for the generation of a substantial magnetic field. Finally, we show that in linear carbon chains with circular current due to their helical π-orbital system, the magnetic field can potentially reach the tesla-range. Our results prove that a large magnetic field can, at least in theory, be induced in molecular wires even at low bias.
Direct observation of reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal E⇄Z photoisomerization of an azo molecule
Authors: Dang Tongtong , He Yixin , Yu Xuanchi , Zhang Zhao-Yang , Li Lingling , Li Tao
Published: January 2025

Single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) photoisomerization is direct structural transformation of crystalline photoswitches in the solid state, preserving the long-range order in the crystal lattice. Azo molecules, as one of the most widely used photoswitches, has not yet achieved SCSC isomerization. The relatively large free volume required for isomerization poses significant challenge for its SCSC transformation. Here we demonstrated for the first time that an azobispyrazole underwent high-quality reversible E⇄Z SCSC isomerization by light irradiations. We found that the similarity in crystal lattice parameters between E and Z crystals and the efficient photoisomerization ability of azo molecules are key factors facilitating the single crystal to single crystal photoisomerization of azo molecules. Our work opens an avenue for the single crystal photochemistry of azo molecules and offers new opportunities for developing light-controlled single-crystal materials and devices.
Status Gizi Atlet Bola basket POPDA Kota Surabaya
Authors: Ragil Ragil Ar Rasyid , Hariyanto Agus , Widodo Achmad
Published: January 2025

The problem of this research is to find out the nutritional status of POPDA Surabaya City Men's basketball athletes. This study aims to examine the nutritional status of POPDA Surabaya City Men's basketball athletes. The research method used is a descriptive survey method with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. Height and weight measurements are carried out to determine the body mass index (BMI) of athletes. The population and sample of this study are all Surabaya City POPDA Male players, as many as 12 people, and using a total sampling. The results showed that most athletes, namely 75.0% (9 people), had normal nutritional status. A total of 15.0% (2 people) were classified as thin (mild level of underweight), 10.0% (1 person) were classified as obese (mild excess level of weight), and no athlete had a very obese nutritional status (severe excess weight). The maximum BMI value obtained was 75.0, and the minimum value was 10.0, with an average of 33.33 and a standard deviation of 29.52. The conclusion of this study shows that most athletes have good nutritional status, which is important for supporting the fitness, health, and achievement of athletes
COA5 has an essential role in the early stage of mitochondrial complex IV assembly
Authors: Tang Jia Xin , Cabrera-Orefice Alfredo , Meisterknecht Jana , Taylor Lucie S , Monteuuis Geoffray , Stensland Maria Ekman , Szczepanek Adam , Stals Karen , Davison James , He Langping , Hopton Sila , Nyman Tuula A , Jackson Christopher B , Pyle Angela , Winter Monika , Wittig Ilka , Taylor Robert W
Published: January 2025

Pathogenic variants in cytochromecoxidase assembly factor 5 (COA5), a proposed complex IV (CIV) assembly factor, have been shown to cause clinical mitochondrial disease with two siblings affected by neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy manifesting a rare, homozygousCOA5missense variant (NM_001008215.3: c.157G>C, p.Ala53Pro). The most striking observation in the affected individuals was an isolated impairment in the early stage of mitochondrial CIV assembly. In this study, we report an unrelated family in whom we have identified the sameCOA5variant with patient-derived fibroblasts and skeletal muscle biopsies replicating an isolated CIV deficiency. A CRISPR/Cas9-edited homozygousCOA5knockout U2OS cell line with a similar biochemical profile was generated to interrogate the functional role of the human COA5 protein. Mitochondrial complexome profiling pinpointed a role of COA5 in early CIV assembly, more specifically, its involvement in the stage between MTCO1 maturation and the incorporation of MTCO2. We therefore propose that the COA5 protein plays an essential role in the biogenesis of MTCO2 and its integration into the early CIV assembly intermediate for downstream assembly of the functional holocomplex.
Divergent destinies: insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying EPI and PE fate determination
Authors: Athanasouli Paraskevi , Vanhessche Tijs , Lluis Frederic
Published: January 2025

Mammalian pre-implantation development is entirely devoted to the specification of extra-embryonic lineages, which are fundamental for embryo morphogenesis and support. The second fate decision is taken just before implantation, as defined by the epiblast (EPI) and the primitive endoderm (PE) specification. Later, EPI forms the embryo proper and PE contributes to the formation of the yolk sac. The formation of EPI and PE as molecularly and morphologically distinct lineages is the final step of a multistage process, which begins when bipotent progenitor cells diverge into separate fates. Despite advances in uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential transcriptional patterns that dictate how apparently identical cells make fate decisions and how lineage integrity is maintained, a detailed overview of these mechanisms is still lacking. In this review, we dissect the EPI and PE formation process into four stages (initiation, specification, segregation, and maintenance) and we provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in lineage establishment in the mouse. In addition, we discuss the conservation of key processes in humans, based on the most recent findings.
Transcending Humanity: The Transformative Impact of Posthumanism in Literature
Authors: Mohanty Dr. Subhalaxmi
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the influence of posthumanism on contemporary literary fiction, exploring how the movement reshapes narratives, character development, and thematic concerns. Posthumanism, with its challenge to anthropocentrism focuses on the interconnectedness of human and nonhuman entities, encourages authors to reimagine traditional story structures and characterizations.
The Silicon Shakespeare: A Study of Language Learning Models and their Attempts at Creating Literature
Authors: Raghupathula Usha SK , Shashidhar S
Published: January 2025

The proliferation of Language Learning Models (LLMs) has greatly changed the perception of Artificial Intelligence in the field of literature in recent years. Every month, new and updated versions of these Machine Learning models are released and are becoming increasingly good at mimicking human characteristics and producing text that could easily earn a B in a typical graduate level assignment in today’s colleges. This has become increasingly problematic for pedagogists, as it created the need for new approaches that can circumvent the abuse of AI.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Authors: Gokul Raj S. , Ramesh Kumar G. , Siddheswaran R.
Published: January 2025

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measures the heat flow into or out of a sample as a function of temperature. It is a thermal characterization technique for determination of enthalpy changes (endo- and exothermic) due to changes in physical and chemical properties of a material as a function of temperature or time. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a technique used to analyze the thermal behavior of solid and semi-solid materials at varying temperatures. It provides valuable information such as the melting temperature (Tm), crystallization temperature (Tc), glass transition temperature (Tg), and the enthalpies of melting and crystallization. Additionally, it can measure the specific heat capacity of materials. The data obtained from DSC is widely used to characterize diverse materials, including polymers, metals, pharmaceuticals, thin films, and proteins. Applications range from determining the optimal storage and processing temperatures for heatsensitive materials to assessing the thermal stability of different substances under elevated temperatures. DSC is also instrumental in detecting impurities, as these influence a material’s thermal properties.
Third-Order Nonlinear Optics: Characterization Tools and Applications
Authors: Vinitha G. , Sabari Girisun T.C.
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear optics (NLO) explores the unique behaviours of materials when exposed to high-intensity
light, leading to a range of phenomena where the response of the material is nonlinear in relation to the
applied field. Among the different techniques available to characterize the third-order NLO properties of the materials, Z-scan technique is noteworthy. This chapter provides an overview of fundamentals of NLO processes, third-order NLO properties and Z-scan experiment, and discusses their application in the design of optical limiters, optical switches, and high-density data storage devices. By examining recent advancements in NLO material research and device technology, in this chapter highlights the growing impact of third-order nonlinear optics on fields such as telecommunications, data storage, and optical safety devices, underscoring its role in the evolution of next-generation photonic technologies.
Scintillation Characterization of Single Crystals
Authors: Hari Ramprasath R. , Sethuraman K.
Published: January 2025

Scintillation detectors are widely used in various fields, including nuclear physics, medical imaging,
and environmental monitoring. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of scintillation
measurements. Key topics include sample preparation, Mounting of the scintillation crystal, detector design and operation, data acquisition and analysis, and advanced techniques such as pulse shape discrimination and decay measurements. By understanding the principles and techniques involved in scintillation measurements, researchers can optimize detector performance and extract valuable information from radiation interactions.
ATR Technique in Enhancing FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis for Materials Characterization
Authors: Gunasekaran S. , Janani P.
Published: January 2025

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, combined with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) methodology, has become an essential analytical tool in modern science for studying molecular vibrations and molecular structures. This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of FTIR principles, focusing on its capacity to identify functional groups and monitor changes in molecular environments. ATR significantly enhances FTIR by facilitating non-destructive analysis of samples with minimum sample preparation. This chapter highlights FTIR-ATR's versatility in materials characterization, presenting it as a non-invasive and efficient technique for both industrial and academic research. The comprehensive discussion emphasizes its relevance in uncovering molecular behaviours and enhancing applications in diverse fields, from material science to biochemistry. A key application discussed is the investigation of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals, which are widely used in non-linear optics and piezoelectric devices. The study evaluates KDP’s structural stability through vibrational mode analysis. Using Potential Energy Distribution (PED) calculations, the research identifies the most stable configuration of the crystal, correlating these findings with the material’s functional properties.
Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction (SXRD)
Authors: Anitha K.
Published: January 2025

X-Ray crystallography is a powerful, versatile and quantitative technique available to elucidate the
three-dimensional structure of crystal at molecular and atomic levels and it is based on the X-Ray
diffraction method. X-Ray diffraction provides three-dimensional electron density map which is
used to determine the crystal structure of thousands of organic, inorganic, organometallic and biological
compounds. The structural data of organic, organometallic compounds are deposited in Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). The WINGX software package is used to determine the crystal structure, draw the molecular graphics and calculate non-bonded interactions. This provides detailed information about the X-Ray diffractometer, working principle, data collection, structure determination, software used and structure analysis
Transmedial presence of verbal texts in architecture and public space. Between informativity and emotivity
Authors: Chrzanowska-Kluczewska Elżbieta
Published: January 2025

From the semiotic viewpoint, architectonic structures and the surrounding public spaces can be seen as texts to be read and interpreted within proper historical, social, and cultural contexts. In addition, they are almost always multimodal, that is polysemiotic texts whose content becomes complemented with pictorial elements (paintings, sculptures), with written or oral language and, on occasion, with music.

I intend to focus specifically on the presence of verbal texts inside, on or around buildings (mostly within an urban space), which is a case of textual embedment. Functions of written inserts, inscriptions, signboards, tablets, posters, banners, graffiti, etc. are multifarious. They range from informational and explanatory, to devotional, to political–critical, to – in the end – poetic, experimental, creative, funny, and ironical. Aesthetically, they often enrich but sometimes violate architecture and public space. The following types of verbal texts will be considered briefly, according to their content:

1) up-to-date information (warnings, advertisements, etc.);

2) historical-institutional information;

3) religious-devotional (including critical) information;

4) political commentaries;

5) poetic and experimental creations, mostly artistic critical games played by conceptual and post-modern artists.

Several of my examples qualify as instances of urban creativity, specifically street art and graffiti of resistance (cf. Awad & Wagoner, 2017; Stampoulidis, 2019).

In the spirit of cognitive semiotics, defined by Zlatev, Sonesson, and Konderak (2016) as the transdisciplinary, conceptual-empirical study of meaning, mind and communication, this article (based on a corpus of twenty-six inscriptions gathered from many international locations) raises the issue of the interplay of informativity and emotional load contained in verbal texts immersed in public settings. Undoubtedly, the message conveyed by architectural carriers and urban space contributes synergically to the overall meaning of the verbal messages that accompany them.
Multimodal, transmedial, and trans-European perspectives for online language teaching and learning: II YUFE – Ukraine seminar
Authors: Winska Joanna , Shevchenko Iryna
Published: January 2025

This review explores the Second YUFE – Ukraine seminar, held from November 12th to 14th, 2024. Young Universities for the Future of Europe is a European University alliance of 10 higher education institutions. Hosted by the University Centre for Foreign Languages at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń—one of Poland’s largest state universities—and supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA), the seminar marked a significant trans-European collaboration. This event brought together foreign language educators and researchers from Poland, Ukraine, Cyprus, Finland, Georgia, and Belgium, focusing on the theme of online language teaching and learning, which underscored its relevance.

Although multimodal and transmedial teaching and learning practices have become popular for ESL and other educational contexts, several additional questions have emerged, including the development of students’ multimodal literacy through online learning, the need for a more critical approach to the assessment of student achievements, and a focus on fostering both professional skills and cultural and social values among students.

The event centered on the application of modern multimodal and transmedial tools in teaching foreign languages and translation. These tools include digital technologies such as H5P, ChatGPT, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, as well as innovative pedagogical approaches like project-based learning and design thinking. Discussions culminated in identifying prospects for joint international projects, particularly in teaching business English (ESP) and English for Academic Purposes (EAP). The proposed initiatives aim to involve students from various European partner universities in collaborative language education.
Problems of research of social concepts and categories in traditional Kazakh society
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Shakirbaeva Indira
Published: January 2025

This article examines the study and significance of social concepts and categories that reflect the distinctive features of the social structure in Kazakh society and the nature of its social relations. Special emphasis is placed on social concepts such as sauyn, sauga, amanat, zhylu, and kyzyl koteru, and others, which illuminate the social organization of traditional Kazakh society, the activities of its social groups, and their interrelations.

The methodological framework for this study employs comparative historical research methods and draws upon Émile Durkheim's sociological theories to analyze social relations. The article also presents innovative conclusions regarding the ethno- and socio-cultural characteristics of Kazakh society's social organization, as well as the civilizational features unique to its development. Some of these social concepts, which reveal the specific nature of social relations in traditional Kazakh society, were previously analyzed in Soviet historiography within the framework of "nomadic feudalism," where they were interpreted as mechanisms of exploitation by the "ruling class" over the "oppressed people." Other concepts were merely noted as traditions. The study addresses this issue by utilizing data from oral literature and historiographical analysis of recent research. As a result, it is concluded that individuals and social groups in traditional Kazakh society adhered to communal norms when entering into social relations, with each individual functioning as an integral part of society and being interdependent on others in accordance with shared interests. From this perspective, the concepts that reveal the character of social relations in traditional Kazakh society were not formed with the aim of gaining economic benefits for a specific class or group. Rather, they manifested as social support and a guarantee of personal well-being for the common good of the nomadic community (clan). These concepts demonstrate that the mechanisms of social relations were implemented based on the established moral and ethical principles in society.
RESEARCH OF CULT MONUMENTS OF SARYARKA IN THE ERA OF ULUS JOCHI
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Bilyalova Gulzat
Published: January 2025

The article delves into the historical research of cult-memorial sites from the Golden Horde era in the Saryarka region. It examines various perspectives regarding the emergence of sites influenced by the early spread of Islam in the central regions.The pre-revolutionary period is characterized by the fixation and description of the brightest and largest remains belonging to medieval mazars, mausoleums as well as buildings covered with glazed tiles. The descriptions were written by travelers, topographers, and prospectors in search for natural resources in the region.The second phase in the research timeline spans roughly from the latter half of the 20th century (from the mid-1940s to the 1980s). A.Kh. Margulan carried out the fixation and description of the memorial structures located on the caravan routes of Saryarka. He discovered the largest number of mausoleums in the valleys of the Sarysu, Kengir, Nura, Ishim, Turgai rivers, as well as in the oases of Betpakdala. The architectural monuments are located at a distance of 5 to 20 km from each other and indicate the pres-ence of remnants of medieval settlements and towns along the Sarysui tract. A new stage in the study of Saryarka memorial monuments covers the 1990s of the twentieth century and the first decade of this century. It is associated with surveys, discoveries, and archaeological studies of mausoleums dated to the Golden Horde period. Over the past two decades, the archaeological ex-peditions of the K.A. Akishev Institute of Archaeology (Astana), A.Kh. Margulan Institute of Archeology (Almaty), the Margulan Center (Pavlodar), the Saryarka Archaeological Institute (Karaganda) have been repeatedly organized.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities in Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.): An Approach to Bioactive Compound Analysis and Use of In Vitro Test Methods
Authors: Wang Tong , Wienaldi
Published: January 2025

Andaliman fruit extract has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, immunostimulant effects, and anticancer activity. It contains antioxidant compounds, which can stimulate the immune system. The purpose of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity of andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The experimental research was conducted in January 2024. The sample used in this study was andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) purchased from Onan Rungu village, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra Province. Ethanol extract of andaliman fruit showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at various concentrations, with the largest zone of inhibition at a concentration of 300 mg/mL. These results demonstrate the potential of andaliman as a source of natural antibacterial agents that can be used in the development of health products.
Representation without metaphysics
Authors: Delgado-Garza Paloma
Published: January 2025

Existing theories of scientific representation often fall short, as they are insufficiently tied to everyday scientific practice. While models are a common and essential tool in daily scientific practice, researchers rarely pause and reflect on what lies behind the tools they regularly use to generate understanding of the phenomena they study. In Inference and Representation: A Study of Models in Science, Mauricio Suárez offers a comprehensive exploration of the inferential conception—a fresh perspective on scientific representation that emphasises the role of models in practice and highlights their representational function.
PERSPECTIVAS PERSONALES EN LA LITERATURA
Authors: Garrido Rodríguez Natividad
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo me propongo analizar las perspectivas personales de primera, segunda y tercera persona en la literatura. Para ello, acudiré a la filosofía perspectivista para definir las perspectivas personales y las perspectivas en primera, segunda y tercera persona. Tras ello, mostraré que la literatura se convierte en un espacio de reflexión ideal para la filosofía perspectivista y el análisis de las perspectivas personales debido a la “estructura perspectivista” de algunas obras literarias. Finalmente, me centraré en analizar tres obras de Hervé Guibert como un ejemplo actual y significativo que contribuye a un análisis complejo de las perspectivas personales, sus contenidos y la relación que establece entre ellas.
A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Mobile Learning Tools in Enhancing Physics Education
Authors: Anselmo Charlie Torres , Prudente Maricar S. , Aquino Jonathan Lord R. , Dumelod Donabel A. , Cabrera Freddie R.
Published: January 2025

Mobile learning tools have emerged as a promising approach to enhance physics education by providing interactive, hands-on learning experience. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of mobile learning tools in improving students' learning outcomes in physics education. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted, yielding 41 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies were analyzed using comparative, thematic, and content-analysis techniques. The findings revealed that mobile learning tools, including augmented reality (AR) systems, virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality systems, mobile learning and management systems, educational software and apps, and specialized tools and platforms, are commonly used to teach various physics topics. The effectiveness of mobile learning tools is evident in six key themes: enhanced conceptual understanding, increased engagement and motivation, improved academic performance, the development of higher-order thinking skills, hands-on learning and practical skills, and reduced cognitive load. However, the integration of mobile learning tools into physics instruction faces challenges, such as technical difficulties, high costs, lack of teacher and student expertise, pedagogical integration issues, distractions, and environmental limitations. This study recommends enhancing device compatibility and software stability, providing comprehensive training for teachers and students, aligning tools with existing curricula, promoting wider access to mobile technology, and designing focused learning experiences to prevent cognitive overload. Further research is encouraged to explore the long-term effects of mobile learning on physics education outcomes and to investigate strategies for adapting these tools to diverse student needs and learning environments.
Narrating the Lived Experiences of Life Orientation Teachers: An Interpretive Phenomenology Study
Authors: Seherrie Aloysius Claudian
Published: January 2025

This study seeks to explore the lived experiences of Life Orientation (LO) / Life Skills educators in the Further Education and Training Phase (FET). The aim of this research was to determine the lived experiences of teachers during the implementation of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) in LO. This qualitative study employs an interpretive phenomenological design by merging the transformative learning theory of Mezirow and Bandura's self-efficacy theory as a framework. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with seven purposely selected LO teachers. The findings revealed that teachers experienced their training as effective, leading to continuous professional teacher development, and were able to mitigate the challenges encountered during the implementation of CAPS. Insights from these initial teacher narratives may inform collaborative efforts between the Department of Basic Education and Higher Education Institutes, whereby student teachers should be included in the initial stages of implementing change in the curriculum. The study concludes that the phenomenal aspects that determine effective curriculum implementation are well addressed at schools. It was suggested that to effectively implement CAPS at schools, the DBE should establish compulsory training for teachers to accumulate Continuous Professional Teacher Development points.
MEDIADISCURSIVITY AND MEDIACULTURE OF VISUALIZATION AND CONTENT FILLING OF ADVERTISING TEXTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINIAN CITIES)
Authors: Mitchuk Olha , Sushkova Olena
Published: January 2025

The modern information space is in a continuous communication and discursive functioning process. Information and communication technologies for the functioning of the content of various types, such as text, visualization, audio, advertising, and convergent, are accompanied by the emergence of new types of communication.

The functioning of media discursiveness of visualization and content content will be divided into advertising content: visualization and text. This type of media text is a visual representation of the functioning of media culture, as it is in an open and psychologically active process of perception by the audience.

Most types of advertising use almost the most effective way of transmitting information - in words, so the following phrases appeared: "advertising rhetoric" and "advertising eloquence". Unfortunately, for certain reasons, the last verbal construction can be an example of an oxymoron - a combination of concepts that are opposite in meaning. Can the vast majority of advertising texts be called a manifestation of eloquence? Considering the presence of errors and irregularities in the texts of advertising blocks, it is appropriate to discuss the need to analyze the latter and determine the impact of the inappropriate design of advertising text on the consumer.
The system of images offered by the creators of modern advertising products can offer something radically new and present a ready-made version of perception, creating the effect of the consumer's involvement in the process. In reality, the communication between the advertiser and the consumer of the product will manifest itself only through the active reaction of the latter: the fact of consumption of a certain type of product or its subsequent deliberate ignoring.
In the modern information space, it is important to analyze advertising not only from the standpoint of the linguistic and visual construction of the text but also to understand the essence of consciousness manipulation and the philosophical load of the advertising block on the culture of the advertising text.