bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of mesenchymal stem cell effect on foreign body response induced by intraperitoneally implanted alginate spheres
Authors: Fath‐Bayati Leyla , Ai Jafar
Published: September 2019

Foreign body response to implanted hydrogels and consequently fibrotic overgrowth on implanted spheres will decrease in vivo performance of these biomaterials. Considering the previous reports related to the immune‐privileged properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we hypothesized that encapsulated human placenta‐derived MSCs (HP‐MSCs) will mitigate the foreign body response against alginate hydrogels. The HP‐MSC‐laden alginate hydrogel was cross‐linked with a CaCl2 solution. Morphological and mechanical properties of alginate spheres were determined by scanning electron microscopy imaging, degradation, and swelling tests. The HP‐MSC‐laden alginate spheres or cell‐free spheres were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. After intraperitoneal implantation of spheres into BALB/c mice over a period of 14 days, capsules were recovered and precapsular fibrotic tissue on their surfaces was investigated. Assessment of encapsulated HP‐MSC viability using acridine orange/propidium iodide staining revealed that foreign body response against cell‐laden hydrogel results in fibrous overgrowth on spheres and consequently leads to the HP‐MSC necrosis. In spite of immunomodulatory effects of MSCs, the introduction of spheres into the body induces foreign body response that affects the viability of immuno‐isolated HP‐MSCs during 14‐day posttransplant period. The presence of HP‐MSCs within alginate hydrogel could not reduce the fibrotic overgrowth on spheres compared with cell‐free spheres. Therefore, there is an essential need for hydrogels that mitigate the foreign body response as a key challenge in the development of tissue engineering and drug delivery technologies.
Calcium-Sensing Receptors in Chondrocytes and Osteoblasts Are Required for Callus Maturation and Fracture Healing in Mice
Authors: Cheng Zhiqiang , Li Alfred , Tu Chia-Ling , Maria Christian Santa , Szeto Nicholas , Herberger Amanda , Chen Tsui-Hua , Song Fuqing , Wang Jiali , Liu Xiaodong , Shoback Dolores M , Chang Wenhan
Published: September 2019

Calcium and its putative receptor (CaSR) control skeletal development by pacing chondrocyte differentiation and mediating osteoblast (OB) function during endochondral bone formation—an essential process recapitulated during fracture repair. Here, we delineated the role of the CaSR in mediating transition of callus chondrocytes into the OB lineage and subsequent bone formation at fracture sites and explored targeting CaSRs pharmacologically to enhance fracture repair. In chondrocytes cultured from soft calluses at a closed, unfixed fracture site, extracellular [Ca2+] and the allosteric CaSR agonist (NPS-R568) promoted terminal differentiation of resident cells and the attainment of an osteoblastic phenotype. Knockout (KO) of the Casr gene in chondrocytes lengthened the chondrogenic phase of fracture repair by increasing cell proliferation in soft calluses but retarded subsequent osteogenic activity in hard calluses. Tracing growth plate (GP) and callus chondrocytes that express Rosa26-tdTomato showed reduced chondrocyte transition into OBs (by >80%) in the spongiosa of the metaphysis and in hard calluses. In addition, KO of the Casr gene specifically in mature OBs suppressed osteogenic activity and mineralizing function in bony calluses. Importantly, in experiments using PTH (1-34) to enhance fracture healing, co-injection of NPS-R568 not only normalized the hypercalcemic side effects of intermittent PTH (1-34) treatment in mice but also produced synergistic osteoanabolic effects in calluses. These data indicate a functional role of CaSR in mediating chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the fracture callus and the potential of CaSR agonism to facilitate fracture repair. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An Experimental Investigation of White Counselors Broaching Race and Racism
Authors: King Kelly M. , Borders L. DiAnne
Published: September 2019

Broaching involves actively addressing culture and power in session, a counseling skill that is underused despite its promising track record. In an experimental analogue design, the authors studied potential clients’ evaluation of an initial broaching statement. Results provide evidence of the therapeutic benefits of broaching, preference for broaching that addresses the counseling relationship, and the role of positionality in evaluating counselors’ cultural responsiveness. Implications for broaching with minoritized clients are discussed.
Counseling Intimate Partner Abuse Survivors: Effective and Ineffective Interventions
Authors: Leedom Liane J. , Andersen Donna , Glynn Mary Ann , Barone Meredith L.
Published: September 2019

This study obtained feedback from intimate partner abuse survivors (N = 104) regarding helpful and unhelpful aspects of therapy. The survivors’ narrative accounts and answers to quantitative questions were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results suggest that survivors sought therapy to understand themselves and the abuse they endured. Clinicians’ diagnoses of codependency or assertions that survivors chose the relationship weakened the therapeutic alliance and reduced the perceived helpfulness of therapy.
Hope as a Mediator of Bullying Involvement and Emotional Difficulties in Children
Authors: Carney JoLynn V. , Kim Hyunhee , Duquette Kevin , Guo Xiuyan , Hazler Richard J.
Published: September 2019

This study investigated hope as a mediator between children’s bullying involvement and emotional difficulties in a sample of 1,060 school‐age children (Grades 3–6). Results from structural equation modeling suggested that victimization leads to emotional difficulties both directly and indirectly through hope. Perpetration was indirectly associated with emotional difficulties. Findings highlight the role of children’s cognitive‐motivational process for emotional well‐being in response to bullying involvement. Implications for counseling interventions are discussed.
Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial of the Student Success Skills Program on Grade 5 Students’ Academic and Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Webb Linda , Brigman Greg , Carey John , Villares Elizabeth , Wells Craig , Sayer Aline , Harrington Karen , Chance Ellen
Published: September 2019

A randomized controlled trial of Student Success Skills (SSS) was conducted to determine the effect of the classroom program on Grade 5 students’ (N = 4,305) standardized test scores and proximal socioemotional variables associated with academic achievement. The SSS program was delivered by school counselors and reinforced through cuing and coaching by classroom teachers, which reflects the advocating student‐within‐environment approach to school counseling (Lemberger‐Truelove & Bowers, 2018). Hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed the SSS program affected the treatment students’ behavioral engagement, disruption, assertion, cooperation, and test anxiety but did not result in a statistically significant difference on the participants’ reading and mathematics test scores. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.
Identification of messenger and long noncoding RNAs associated with gallbladder cancer via gene expression profile analysis
Authors: Kong Lei , Wu Qinghua , Zhao Liangchao , Ye Jinhua , Li Nengping , Yang Huali
Published: September 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in the progression of gallbladder cancer and explore the potential physiopathologic mechanisms of gallbladder cancer in terms of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). The original lncRNA and mRNA expression profile data (nine gallbladder cancer tissues samples and nine normal gallbladder samples) in GSE76633 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs between gallbladder cancer tissue and normal control were selected and the pathways in which they are involved were analyzed using bioinformatics analyses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were also predicted based on the differentially expressed mRNAs. Finally, the co‐expression relation between lncRNA and mRNA was analyzed and the ceRNA network was constructed by combining the lncRNA‐miRNA, miRNA‐mRNA, and lncRNA‐mRNA pairs. Overall, 373 significantly differentially expressed mRNAs and 47 lncRNAs were identified between cancer and normal tissue samples. The upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the extracellular matrix (ECM)‐receptor interaction pathway, while the downregulated genes were involved in the complement and coagulation cascades. Altogether, 128 co‐expression relations between lncRNA and mRNA were obtained. In addition, 196 miRNA‐mRNA regulatory relations and 145 miRNA‐lncRNA relation pairs were predicted. Finally, the lncRNA‐miRNA‐gene ceRNA network was constructed by combining the three types of relation pairs, such as XLOC_011309‐miR‐548c‐3p‐SPOCK1 and XLOC_012588‐miR‐765‐CEACAM6. mRNAs and lncRNAs may be involved in gallbladder cancer progression via ECM‐receptor interaction pathways and the complement and coagulation cascades. Moreover, ceRNAs such as XLOC_011309‐miR‐548c‐3p‐SPOCK1 and XLOC_012588‐miR‐765‐CEACAM6 can also be implicated in the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer.
miR‐215‐5p is an anticancer gene in multiple myeloma by targeting RUNX1 and deactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Liu Shuyan , Zhang Yun , Huang Chang , Lin Shengyun
Published: September 2019

This study examined the underlying mechanism of miR‐215‐5p in multiple myeloma (MM) at the molecular level. miR‐215‐5p was upregulated in bone marrow specimens of patients with MM and MM cell lines through real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and downregulation of miR‐215‐5p was related to poor survival of patients with MM. The results of Western blot assay showed that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was activated in bone marrow specimens of patients with MM. miR‐215‐5p was found to negatively correlate with runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) expression in MM clinical bone marrow samples. Therefore, to test the probable mechanisms of the regulation of MM cell proliferation and apoptosis, a miR‐215‐5p mimics/inhibitors/negative control was transfected into MM cells. The targets of miR‐215‐5p were estimated using four bioinformatics databases (including miRDB, miRTarBase, Starbase, and Targetscan). Furthermore, enrichment analyses of gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes pathway were carried out at the Enrichr website. Cell viability was detected using the MTT method, while apoptosis and cell cycle were measured using flow cytometry. RUNX1, CDK2, CDC25B, cleaved‐caspase‐3, cleaved‐PARP, p‐PI3K, PI3K, p‐AKT, AKT, p‐mTOR as well as mTOR protein were also investigated using Western blot analysis. According to our findings, miR‐215‐5p overexpression could induce apoptosis while rendering cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and reducing the proliferation of cells. Meanwhile, miRNA‐215‐5p could negatively regulate messengerRNA and protein levels of RUNX1 in MM cells. In addition, there was a similar effect in cell proliferation and apoptosis after miR‐215‐5p mimics or siRNA‐RUNX1 transfection. miR‐215‐5p inhibition inhibited apoptosis while increased the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR proteins, whereas, miR‐215‐5p overexpression increased cell proliferation. Therefore, miR‐215‐5p inhibited MM cell apoptosis via targeting RUNX1 and suppressing the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
On the structure of small strength‐2 covering arrays
Authors: Kokkala Janne I. , Meagher Karen , Naserasr Reza , Nurmela Kari J. , Östergård Patric R. J. , Stevens Brett
Published: September 2019

A covering array of strength is an array of symbols from an alphabet of size such that in every subarray, every ‐tuple occurs in at least one row. A covering array is optimal if it has the smallest possible for given , , and , and uniform if every symbol occurs or times in every column. Before this paper, the only known optimal covering arrays for were orthogonal arrays, covering arrays with constructed from Sperner's Theorem and the Erdős‐Ko‐Rado Theorem, and 11 other parameter sets with and . In all these cases, there is a uniform covering array with the optimal size. It has been conjectured that there exists a uniform covering array of optimal size for all parameters. In this paper, a new lower bound as well as structural constraints for small uniform strength‐2 covering arrays is given. Moreover, covering arrays with small parameters are studied computationally. The size of an optimal strength‐2 covering array with and is now known for 21 parameter sets. Our constructive results continue to support the conjecture.
RETRACTED: Long non‐coding RNA TGLC15 advances hepatocellular carcinoma by stabilizing Sox4
Authors: Chen Yang , Huang Fei , Deng Liang , Tang Yajun , Li Dong , Wang Tielong , Fan Youwen , Tao Qiang , Tang Di
Published: September 2019

Background

The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) belongs to a common malignancy especially in China. Recent data have clarified important roles of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in HCC. However, the role of a novel intergenic lncRNA termed TGLC15 is still elusive.

Methods

We screened for novel lncRNAs using lncRNA profiling. TGLC15 expression was quantified by qRT‐PCR. In vitro experiments such as migration and viability assays were performed. In vivo implantation experiments were conducted to investigate tumorigenic functions of TGLC15. Combined RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and mass spectrometry (MS) were utilized to uncover Sox4 as TGLC15 binding protein.

Results

TGLC15 is significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues and HCC cell lines. Higher TGLC15 levels correlated with advanced malignant characteristics such as TNM stages, tumor size, and metastasis. TGLC15 advanced HCC migration and viability. The in vivo experiments supported that xenograft tumor growth and proliferation were facilitated by TGLC15 overexpression. Mechanistic studies showed that TGLC15 interacted with Sox4 and interaction between TGLC15 and Sox4 could stabilize Sox4 via reduction in proteasome‐mediated degradation.

Conclusions

Collectively, our data have identified a novel lncRNA TGLC15 during HCC development. The TGLC15‐Sox4 signaling might be a potential target for pharmaceutical intervention.
Next‐generation sequencing identifies a novel frameshift variant in FRMD7 in a Chinese family with idiopathic infantile nystagmus
Authors: Wang Fengqi , Guan Hongzai , Liu Wenmiao , Zhao Guiqiu , Liu Shiguo
Published: September 2019

Background

Idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) is a high genetically heterogeneous ophthalmic disease and is often associated with pathogenic mutations in FRMD7 and GPR143, respectively. Idiopathic infantile nystagmus manifests as involuntary periodic rhythmic oscillation of the eyes in the very early life, which decreases visual acuity and affects the quality of life.

Objective and Methods

The aim of our study was to reveal a possible pathogenic variant through the investigation of a Chinese Han family with IIN with an implementation of a next‐generation sequencing method. Isolated DNA analysis was followed by Sanger sequencing validation. We also performed the detailed ophthalmological examination of family members.

Results

We identified a novel frameshift variant in FRMD7 (NM_194277.2: c.1419_1422dup, p.Tyr475fs), which leads to a frameshift mutation since tyrosine (Tyr) at 475 codon of FRMD7 protein (p.Tyr475fs) and co‐segregates with IIN phenotype in this family.

Conclusions

We found a novel frameshift FRMD7 variant in a Chinese Han family, which may be causative variant for IIN and can further enrich the mutation spectrum and uncover the etiology of IIN.
Increased effectiveness of urinalysis testing via the integration of automated instrumentation, the lean management approach, and autoverification
Authors: Wongkrajang Preechaya , Reesukumal Kanit , Pratumvinit Busadee
Published: September 2019

Background

In 2014, the Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand developed and implemented a new process that uses fully automated instrumentation, the lean management approach, and autoverification to improve the productivity and efficiency of the urinalysis workflow process. The aim of this study was to evaluate analytical turnaround time compared with our old urinalysis workflow process and our new urinalysis workflow process that was launched in 2014.

Methods

This study was performed at the Central Laboratory of our center during June 2017 using data collected from the July 2012 (old process) and July 2014 (new process) study periods. We used our laboratory information system to compute and analyze turnaround time of urinalysis tests, and those results were compared between processes.

Results

The 90th percentile turnaround time in overall data was dramatically decreased from approximately 60 minutes in 2012 to <50 minutes in 2014. The mean during both 6:00 am to 9:00 am and 9:00 am to 12:00 pm was approximately 42 minutes in 2012; however, that duration was reduced to approximately 30 minutes for both of those time periods in 2014. Specimens within 60 minutes in both intervals increase from approximately 80% to more than 90%.

Conclusion

The results of this study revealed our new urinalysis workflow process that incorporates fully automated instrumentation, the lean management approach, and autoverification to be effective for significantly increasing productivity as measured by analytical turnaround time and removing 1 staff to another section.
Both HuR and miR‐29s regulate expression of CB1 involved in infiltration of bone marrow monocyte/macrophage in chronic liver injury
Authors: Chang Na , Duan Xianghui , Zhao Zhongxin , Tian Lei , Ji Xiaofang , Yang Lin , Li Liying
Published: September 2019

Bone marrow–derived monocytes/macrophages (BMMs) play a vital role in liver inflammation and fibrogenesis. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) mediates the recruitment of BMMs into the injured liver. In this study, we revealed the molecular mechanisms under CB1‐mediated BMM infiltration. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was employed to induce mouse liver injury. In vivo, human antigen R (HuR) was upregulated in macrophages of injured liver. HuR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was positively correlated with CB1 and F4/80 mRNA expression. Furthermore, we detected the binding between HuR and CB1 mRNA in CCl4‐treated livers. In vitro, HuR modulated arachidonyl‐2′‐chloroethylamide (ACEA, CB1 agonist)‐induced BMM migration by regulating CB1 expression. HuR promoted CB1 expression via binding to CB1 mRNA. ACEA promoted the association between HuR and CB1 mRNA via inducing HuR nucleoplasmic transport. In the cytoplasm, HuR competed with the miR‐29 family to improve CB1 expression and BMM migration. In conclusion, our results prove that HuR regulates CB1 expression and influences ACEA‐induced BMM migration by competing with miR‐29 family.
HPV16+‐miRNAs in cervical cancer and the anti‐tumor role played by miR‐5701
Authors: Pulati Nuerbieke , Zhang Zegao , Gulimilamu Aireti , Qi Xiaoli , Yang Jie
Published: September 2019

Background

The early diagnosis of cervical cancer is difficult, resulting in an unsatisfactory prognosis. The present study aimed to explore the expression of HPV16‐related microRNAs (miRNAs) in the serum of Uygur cervical cancer in Sinkiang and analyze the miRNAs showing different expression.

Methods

The serum of 30 HPV16 positive (HPV16Pos) and 30 negative patients (HPV16Neg) was collected and then the differentially expressed miRNAs were screened out by function and pathway enrichment analyses. Next, the cervical cancer cells were cultured. miR‐5701‐mimic and inhibitor were transfected into cells. The level of miR‐5701 was detected by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. The proliferation of cells was detected using a Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of THBS4.

Results

We identified three up‐regulated miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐1291, hsa‐miR‐144‐5p and hsa‐miR‐5701) and seven down‐regulated known‐miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐21‐5p, hsa‐miR‐101‐3p, hsa‐miR‐370‐3p, hsa‐miR‐151a‐3p, hsa‐miR‐144‐3p, hsa‐miR‐199a‐3p and hsa‐miR‐199b‐3p) relative to HPV16Neg. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase signal pathway is predicted to be a key mechanism of HPV16‐related cervical cancer. Furthermore, miR‐5701 inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and suppresses the expression of THBS4 (P < 0.05), which was confirmed as a target gene of miR‐5701.

Conclusions

In the present study, we confirm 10 differentially expressed miRNAs that could be potential markers or therapeutic targets of cervical cancer. miR‐5701 inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and the expression of its target gene THBS4.
The cascade of care for children and adolescents with HIV in the UK and Ireland, 2010 to 2016
Authors: Chappell Elizabeth , Lyall Hermione , Riordan Andrew , Thorne Claire , Foster Caroline , Butler Karina , Prime Katia , Bamford Alasdair , Peters Helen , Judd Ali , Collins Intira J ,   On behalf of the Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study Steering Committee
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 targets for the cascade of care are widely used to monitor the success of HIV care programmes but there are few studies in children. We assessed the cascade for children and adolescents living with HIV in the national Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study (CHIPS) in the UK and Ireland.

Methods

Utilizing longitudinal data from CHIPS we compared the cascade of care for 2010, 2013 and 2016. Among children diagnosed with HIV and not known to be lost to follow‐up at the start of each calendar year, we summarized the proportion in active paediatric care during that year (defined as having ≥1 clinic visit, CD4 or viral load measurement, or change to antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen), and of these, the proportion on ART at last visit in that year. Among those on ART, the proportion with viral suppression (<200 copies/mL) and good immune status (WHO immunological stage none‐/mild‐for‐age) at last visit in the year were summarized. Among those in care in 2016, outcomes were compared by current age, place of birth (born abroad vs. UK/Ireland) and sex.

Results

Of children in paediatric HIV care at the start of 2010, 2013 and 2016 (n = 1249, 1157, 905 respectively), the proportion in active care during that calendar year was high throughout at 97 to 99%. Of those in active care, the proportion on ART increased from 79% to 85% and 92% respectively (p < 0.001). Among those on ART, the proportion with viral suppression and good immune status was stable at 83% to 86% and 85% to 88%, respectively, across the years. Among children in care in 2016, those aged ≥15 years were less likely to be virally suppressed (79% vs. 91%, p < 0.001) or to have good immune status (78% vs. 94%, p < 0.001) compared to younger children; there were no differences by place of birth or sex.

Conclusions

Children and adolescents in the UK and Ireland national cohort had high retention in care. The proportion on ART increased significantly over time although there was no change in viral suppression or good immune status. Poorer outcomes among adolescents highlight the need for targeted support for this population.
Genetic and antigenic characteristics of a human influenza C virus clinical isolate
Authors: Liu Runxia , Sheng Zizhang , Lin Tao , Sreenivasan Chithra , Gao Rongruan , Thomas Milton , Druce Julian , Hause Ben M. , Kaushik Radhey S. , Li Feng , Wang Dan
Published: September 2019

Unlike influenza A and B viruses that infect humans and cause severe diseases in seasonal epidemics, influenza C virus (ICV) is a ubiquitous childhood pathogen typically causing mild respiratory symptoms. ICV infections are rarely diagnosed and less research has been performed on it despite the virus being capable of causing severe disease in infants. Here we report on the isolation of a human ICV from a child with acute respiratory disease, provisionally designated C/Victoria/2/2012 (C/Vic). The full‐length genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hemagglutinin‐esterase‐fusion (HEF) gene of C/Vic was derived from C/Sao Paulo lineage, while its PB2 and P3 genes evolved separately from all characterized historical ICV isolates. Furthermore, antigenic analysis using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay found that 1947 C/Taylor virus (C/Taylor lineage) was antigenically more divergent from1966 C/Johannesburg (C/Aichi lineage) than from 2012 C/Vic. Structure modeling of the HEF protein identified two mutations in the 170‐loop of the HEF protein around the receptor‐binding pocket as a possible antigenic determinant responsible for the discrepant HI results. Taken together, results of our studies reveal novel insights into the genetic and antigenic evolution of ICV and provide a framework for further investigation of its molecular determinants of antigenic property and replication.
Lack of Marseillevirus DNA in immunocompetent and immunocompromised Italian patients
Authors: Macera Lisa , Spezia Pietro Giorgio , Focosi Daniele , Mazzetti Paola , Antonelli Guido , Pistello Mauro , Maggi Fabrizio
Published: September 2019

Marseilleviridae is a family of viruses which have only been propagated in acanthamoeba. Marseillevirus sequences have been recently detected in different human matrices by viral metagenomics. Single‐center studies worldwide have estimated a low prevalence of marseillevirus both in symptomatic patients and in healthy donors but, to date, no informations are available on the prevalence of this giant virus in Italy. By a polymerase chain reaction targeting the ORF152 viral sequence, we tested sera from 197 immunosuppressed patients and 285 healthy donors, and 63 and 30 respiratory and cerebrospinal fluid samples, respectively, of patients with various clinical conditions and referring the Virology Division for diagnostic purposes. We observed no evidence of Marseillevirus DNA in all 575 samples tested. Marseillevirus probably does not cause infection in human.
Can primitive kimberlite melts be alkali‐carbonate liquids: Composition of the melt snapshots preserved in deepest mantle xenoliths
Authors: Golovin A.V. , Sharygin I.S. , Korsakov A.V. , Kamenetsky V.S. , Abersteiner A.
Published: September 2019

The study of kimberlite rocks is important as they provide critical information regarding the composition and dynamics of the continental mantle and are the principal source of diamonds. Despite many decades of research, the original compositions of kimberlite melts, which are thought to be derived from depths > 150 km, remain highly debatable due to processes that can significantly modify their composition during ascent and emplacement. Snapshots of the kimberlite‐related melts were entrapped as secondary melt inclusions hosted in olivine from sheared peridotite xenoliths from the Udachnaya‐East pipe (Siberian craton). These xenoliths originated from 180‐ to 220‐km depth and are among the deepest derived samples of mantle rocks exposed at the surface. The crystallised melt inclusions contain diverse daughter mineral assemblages (>30 mineral species), which are dominated by alkali‐rich carbonates, sulfates, and chlorides. The presence of aragonite as a daughter mineral suggests a high‐pressure origin for these inclusions. Raman‐mapping studies of unexposed inclusions show that they are dominated by carbonates (>65 vol.%), whereas silicates are subordinate (<13 vol.%). This indicates that the parental melt for the inclusions was carbonatitic. The key chemical features of this melt are very high contents of alkalis, carbon dioxide, chlorine, and sulfur and extremely low silica and water. Alkali‐carbonate melts entrapped in xenolith minerals likely represent snapshots of the primitive kimberlite melt. This composition is in contrast with the generally accepted notion that kimberlites originated as ultramafic silicate water‐rich melts. Experimental studies revealed that alkali‐carbonate melts are a very suitable diamond‐forming media. Therefore, our findings support the idea that some diamonds and kimberlite magmatism may be genetically related.
Unique Solubility of Switchable Alkyl‐Amine Surfactants in Water
Authors: Cui Leyu , Lagorse Marine , Bourrel Maurice
Published: September 2019

Because many amine surfactants are soluble in both water and CO2 phases, they attract interest with regard to stabilizing CO2‐in‐water dispersion systems. In our recent research, we find that the solubility of alkyl‐amine surfactant in water can be significantly enhanced by salts, even though the salts are usually “salting‐out” to other surfactants. The influence of various anions (NO3−, Br−, Cl−, and SO42−) and cations (Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) on the alkyl‐amine surfactants is investigated. The results are contrary to Hofmeister series and show that all the anions can enhance the solubility (salting‐in) in the order of: NO3− > Br− > Cl− > SO42−, while the impact of the cations is insignificant. A physical–chemistry model based on the switchable property of the surfactant is proposed and well explains the experimental results. Therefore, the switchable alkyl‐amine surfactants have potential to be applied under high‐salinity and high‐temperature conditions, for example, in enhanced oil recovery processes for a hot and salty carbonate reservoir.
Predictors of voice outcome in pediatric non‐selective laryngeal reinnervation
Authors: Ongkasuwan Julina , Espinosa Maria Catalina L. , Hollas Sarah , Devore Danielle , Procter Teresa , Bassett Ethan , Schwabe Aloysia
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Non‐selective laryngeal reinnervation (NSLR) using the ansa cervicalis to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a promising treatment option for pediatric unilateral neuronal vocal fold movement impairment (VFMI). The aim is to describe our clinical outcomes with this technique and to identify preoperative characteristics that may predict postoperative voice outcomes.

Methods

This is a cohort study of pediatric patients with unilateral neuronal VFMI, who underwent NSLR from March 2012 to July 2018. Pre‐ and postoperative Pediatric Voice Related Quality of Life (PVRQOL) questionnaires, Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE‐V) ratings, and objective voice measures were obtained. In addition, patients underwent preoperative laryngeal electromyography (LEMG).

Results

Thirty‐two patients were identified. Twenty‐one had complete data sets for analysis. The mean duration of VFMI was 9.02 years (range 1.1–26.1 years). There were significant improvements in PVRQOL (P = .0005), in all CAPE‐V subsets (P ≤ .0001 to .0195), mean and maximum intensities (P = .0342 and 0.0110, respectively), cepstral peak prominence (P = .0001), and cepstral spectral index of dysphonia (P ≤ .0001). A worse preoperative LEMG correlated with a greater change in maximum phonation time (P = .0162) and maximum intensity (P = .0346). Age at injury and duration of injury had no significant impact on voice outcomes; however, patients with concurrent posterior glottic insufficiency did have smaller changes in PVRQOL (P = .012).

Conclusion

NSLR is an effective treatment for pediatric unilateral neuronal VFMI even many years after initial RLN injury. LEMG may help predict voice outcomes of reinnervation in pediatric patients, but further data is still needed.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 130:1525–1531, 2020
Transformation between localized and general corrosion behavior of die‐cast AZ91D magnesium alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Hou Lifeng , Du Huayun , Wei Huan , Liu Baosheng , Wei Yinghui
Published: September 2019

Transformation behavior between localized and general corrosion of die‐cast AZ91D magnesium alloy in anodizing processes was investigated by galvanostatic polarization. The results revealed that, at electric current density 5, 10, and 20 mA/cm2, a localized corrosion state appears on the specimen surface in the initial stage (10 min), and is changed into general corrosion with the galvanostatic measurement time. On the other hand, the increase in electric current density has caused the increase of the corroded area on the specimen surfaces at the same galvanostatic measurement time. In comparison, the appearance of localized corrosion based on general corrosion can be attributed to the localized absorption along with enhanced activity and reactivity of Cl− at the higher electric current density (10 and 20 mA/cm2). Meanwhile, the penetration of Cl− throughout the corrosion products has caused the destruction of the integrity of these corrosion products, which promotes the continuous growth of the localized corrosion pits under the galvanic effect.
Laser structured nitride and oxynitride coatings deposited by middle frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Bobzin K. , Brögelmann T. , Kruppe N.C. , Naderi M.
Published: September 2019

Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchungen galt es zu bestimmen, inwiefern die Variation der Laserstrahlparameter, wie z. B. Pulsenergie und Pulsanzahl, Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften von unbeschichteten Stahlsubstraten sowie von nitridischen und oxinitridischen Beschichtungen nimmt. Drei verschiedene Sauerstoff‐Gasflüsse j(O2) = 10 sccm, j(O2) = 15 sccm und j(O2) = 20 sccm im Beschichtungsprozess und entsprechend drei verschiedene resultierende Beschichtungszusammensetzungen mit xj(O2) = 10 sccm = (39,8±4,2) Atom‐%, xj(O2) = 15 sccm = (31,6±1,4) Atom‐% und xj(O2) = 20 sccm = (58,4±6,0) Atom‐% wurden untersucht. Die Analyse der Strukturtiefe mittels konfokaler Laserscanningmikroskopie zeigte, dass mit steigender Pulsenergie und Pulsanzahl die Strukturtiefe erhöht wird. Die linienartigen Interferenzstrukturen mit konstanter Periodizität wurden mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie erfasst. Zusätzlich sind bei allen beschichteten Oberflächen in vertikaler Richtung laserinduzierte periodische Oberflächenstrukturen mit höherer räumlicher Frequenz und kleinerer Periodizität deutlicher zu beobachten. Bei der Beschichtung mit xj(O2) = 20 sccm = (58,4±6,0) Atom‐% entstehen nach der Laserstrukturierung an den Flanken der Interferenzstruktur Mikrorisse.
Robust numerical implementation of a 3D rate‐dependent model for reservoir geomechanical simulations
Authors: Isotton Giovanni , Teatini Pietro , Ferronato Massimiliano , Janna Carlo , Spiezia Nicolò , Mantica Stefano , Volonte Giorgio
Published: September 2019

A 3D elasto‐plastic rate‐dependent model for rock mechanics is formulated and implemented into a Finite Element (FE) numerical code. The model is based on the approach proposed by Vermeer and Neher (A soft soil model that accounts for creep. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium “Beyond 2000 in Computational Geotechnics,” pages 249‐261, 1999). An original strain‐driven algorithm with an Inexact Newton iterative scheme is used to compute the state variables for a given strain increment.The model is validated against laboratory measurements, checked on a simplified test case, and used to simulate land subsidence due to groundwater and hydrocarbon production. The numerical results prove computationally effective and robust, thus allowing for the use of the model on real complex geological settings.
Factors explaining shared clothes consumption in China: Individual benefit or planet concern?
Authors: Khan Jashim , Rundle‐Thiele Sharyn
Published: September 2019

Shared clothes represent one example of the sharing economy whereby users provide a variety of clothes to people at fees representing mutual value through online platforms. Sharing creates a more circular economy and represents one form of sustainable consumption. Many studies have proposed environmental concern as a key influencer of customer intention and behaviour, yet other motivations may be driving sustainable consumption behaviours such as sharing clothes. This study aims to expand our understanding of shared clothes in line with attitude–intention–behaviour theory. The aim is to examine the moderating role of environmental concern in the relationship between perceived economic, functional (app quality/platform) benefit, reputation and trust of the app/platform on (a) intention to use online clothes‐sharing platforms and (b) spending behaviour of current users of the same sharing platform. A total of 250 and 232 usable questionnaires were gathered from potential and current users of shared clothing. Results reveal that environmental concerns are higher for current users when compared with potential users of the sharing platform. Results of this study identify that personal considerations such as economic benefit outweigh environmental considerations for shared clothes consumers. Practical implications, limitations, and future directions are highlighted.
Teacher power and children's loneliness: Moderating effects of teacher‐child relationships and peer relationships
Authors: Zhang Feng , Jiang Ying , Lei Xiuya , Huang Silin
Published: September 2019

Teacher‐child relationships and peer relationships are important predictors of children's loneliness. However, few studies have examined the potential and adverse relationship between teacher power and children's loneliness. Thus, we explicitly explored whether teacher power is related to children's loneliness and examined the potential moderating roles of interpersonal relationships (i.e., teacher‐child relationships and peer relationships) in 888 Chinese children. Moreover, this study measured teacher power with children's figure drawings. The results showed that teacher power was significantly and positively related to children's loneliness, and both teacher‐child relationships and peer relationships moderated the link between the two variables. Specifically, the adverse correlation between teacher power and children's loneliness was not significant among children with high‐quality teacher‐child relationships. Similarly, the negative effect of teacher power on children's loneliness was not found among children with a high level of peer relationships. Therefore, our results confirmed that the adverse relationship between teacher power and children's loneliness, and the protective roles of high quality of teacher‐child relationships and high levels of peer relationships in this relationship. Potential implications and future research directions are discussed.
Bacterial salivary microbiome associates with asthma among african american children and young adults
Authors: Espuela‐Ortiz Antonio , Lorenzo‐Diaz Fabian , Baez‐Ortega Adrian , Eng Celeste , Hernandez‐Pacheco Natalia , Oh Sam S. , Lenoir Michael , Burchard Esteban G. , Flores Carlos , Pino‐Yanes Maria
Published: September 2019

Several studies have shown that the airways of asthma patients contain higher diversity of bacteria and are enriched in pathogenic species. However, sampling the airways in children is challenging. Here we aimed to identify differences in the salivary bacterial composition between African Americans children with and without asthma. Saliva samples from 57 asthma cases and 57 healthy controls were analyzed by means of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon profiling. Measurements of bacterial diversity and genus relative abundance were compared between cases and controls using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test and multivariate regression models. A total of five phyla and a mean of 56 genera were identified. Among them, 15 genera had a relative abundance greater than 1%, being Prevotella, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella the most abundant genera. Differences between cases and controls were found in terms of diversity, as well as in relative abundance for Streptococcus genus (13.0% in cases vs 18.3% in controls; P = .003) and Veillonella genus (11.1% in cases vs 8.0% in controls; P = .002). These differences remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons and when potential confounders were taken into account in logistic regression models. In conclusion, we identified changes in the salivary microbiota associated with asthma among African Americans.
Family history is significantly associated with prostate cancer and its early onset in Chinese population
Authors: Xu Yang , Huang Da , Wu Yishuo , Ye Dingwei , Zhang Ning , Gao Yi , Xu Danfeng , Na Rong , Xu Jianfeng
Published: September 2019

Background

Family history (FH) of prostate cancer (PCa) in Chinese population is poorly understood. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between FH and PCa in a Chinese biopsy cohort.

Methods

Consecutive patients who received 10 to 12 core systematic prostate biopsies from April 2013 to October 2018 in three medical centers were enrolled in this study. Demographic information and clinical information were obtained through prebiopsy questionnaire, including cancer FH, age, and total prostate‐specific antigen (tPSA).

Results

Of 2321 patients, 83 (3.6%) were reported a FH of PCa. The positive biopsy rate in these patients was 54.2%, significantly higher than the patients without the family history of PCa (42.6%; relative risk [RR] = 1.27; P =
 .024). In patients with positive FH of breast cancer gene (BRCA)‐related cancers (breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer, n = 154), 74 (48.1%) were diagnosed as PCa, higher than those without FH (42.7%; RR = 1.13; P =
 .112). Multivariate logistic regression analysis (after adjusting for age and tPSA values) showed that there was 2.1‐fold increased risk of PCa in patients with positive FH of PCa (P =
 .005), and 1.6‐fold increased risk in patients with positive FH of BRCA‐related cancers (P =
 .019). However, there was no significant association between FH of PCa or BRCA‐related cancer and high‐grade PCa after adjusting age and tPSA level (P =
 .404 for PCa, P =
 0.991 for BRCA‐related cancers).

Conclusions

Patients with positive FH of PCa had 2.1‐fold higher risk of PCa, and patients with positive FH of BRCA‐related cancers had 1.6‐fold higher risk in this biopsy cohort of Chinese population. Patients with positive FH of PCa or BRCA‐related cancers would have earlier age at onset of PCa.
Quercetin protects against cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting Mincle/Syk/NF‐κB signaling maintained macrophage inflammation
Authors: Tan Rui‐Zhi , Wang Chen , Deng Chong , Zhong Xia , Yan Ying , Luo Yi , Lan Hui‐Yao , He Tao , Wang Li
Published: September 2019

Acute kidney injury (AKI) with high incidence and mortality is the main cause of chronic kidney disease. Previous studies have indicated that quercetin, an abundant flavonoid in plants, exhibited renoprotective role in AKI. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we try to explore whether quercetin protects against AKI by inhibiting macrophage inflammation via regulation of Mincle/Syk/NF‐κB signaling. The results demonstrated that quercetin can significantly inhibit expression and secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in LPS‐induced bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) and reduce activity of Mincle/Syk/NF‐κB signaling in vitro. We also found that quercetin can strongly reduce the concentration of serum creatinine, BUN, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in cisplatin‐induced AKI model. Furthermore, quercetin down‐regulated protein levels of Mincle, phosphorylated Syk and NF‐κB in kidney macrophages of AKI, as well as inhibited M1, up‐regulated M2 macrophage activity. Notably, the down‐regulation of LPS‐induced inflammation by quercetin was reversed after adding TDB (an agonist of Mincle) in BMDMs, suggesting that quercetin suppresses macrophage inflammation may mainly through inhibiting Mincle and its downstream signaling. In summary, these findings clarified a new mechanism of quercetin improving AKI‐induced kidney inflammation and injury, which provides a new drug option for the clinical treatment of AKI.
Metoprolol and paroxetine or fluoxetine
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: September 2019

It is not uncommon for patients with cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, or ischemic heart disease) to have a concurrent diagnosis of depression. Metoprolol, with its relative cardioselectivity, is generally preferred over non‐cardioselective beta blockers for the treatment of hypertension and angina, and is one of three beta blockers approved by the Food and Drug Administration for management of heart failure. For management of depression, the favorable safety profile of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has allowed this class to become the preferred option by most clinicians.
Lys‐Sequencer: An algorithm for de novo sequencing of peptides by paired single residue transposed Lys‐C and Lys‐N digestion coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Mao Yuan , Daly Thomas J. , Li Ning
Published: September 2019

Rationale

Database‐dependent identification of proteins by mass spectrometry is well established, but has limitations when there are novel proteins, mutations, splice variants, and post‐translational modifications (PTMs) not available in the established reference database. De novo sequencing as a database‐independent approach could address these limitations by deducing peptide sequences directly from experimental tandem mass spectrometry spectra, while concomitantly yielding residue‐by‐residue confidence metrics.

Methods

Equal amounts of bovine serum albumin (BSA) sample aliquots were digested separately with Lys‐C and Lys‐N complementary peptidases, separated by reversed‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and analyzed by collision‐induced dissociation (CID)‐based mass spectrometry on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. In the Lys‐Sequencer algorithm, matched tandem mass spectra with equal precursor ion mass from complementary digestions were paired, and fragment ion types were identified based on the unique mass relationship between fragment ions extracted from a spectrum pair followed by de novo sequencing of peptides with identification confidence assigned at the residue level.

Results

In all the matched spectrum pairs, 34 top‐ranked BSA peptides were identified, from which 391 amino acid residues were identified correctly, covering ~67% of the full sequence of BSA (583 residues) with only ~6% (35 residues) exhibiting ambiguity in the sequence order (although amino acid compositions were still correctly assigned). Of note, this approach identified peptide sequences up to 17 amino acids in length without ambiguity, with the exception of the N‐terminal or C‐terminal peptides containing lysine (18‐mer).

Conclusions

The algorithm (“Lys‐Sequencer”) developed in this work achieves high precision for de novo sequencing of peptides. This method facilitates the identification of point mutation and new PTMs in the protein characterization and discovery of new peptides and proteins with varying levels of confidence.