bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accreditation of Viet Nam’s higher education
Authors: Nguyen Huu Cuong , Evers Colin , Marshall Stephen
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the development of Viet Nam’s approach to higher education quality assurance during the past dozen years since its establishment, focusing on the achievements and challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a desktop analysis study. The paper analyses the policies and practices related to the development of Viet Nam’s higher education accreditation system by reviewing associated literature.

Findings

The research has found out that there are several achievements, including: the development of the accreditation framework; establishment of accrediting agencies; completion of almost universities’ self-assessment reports; implementation of external assessment exercise at some institutions, a few of which were awarded accreditation certificates. However, there remain a number of challenges related to the independence of the accrediting agencies, human resources, accreditation standards and criteria, institutions’ awareness about accreditation and the pace of accreditation implementation.

Research limitations/implications

The primary limitation of this study is the research methodology which merely relies on document analysis. It would be more credible if the findings could be triangulated with data taken from other sources such as interviews with key stakeholders.

Originality/value

On the basis of the analysis of achievements and challenges at both macro and micro levels, discussion and recommendations are made for future policy-making and management in the field of higher education accreditation.
Three‐year experience with interventional neuroradiology for management of cerebral aneurysms at a single Australian centre
Authors: McLaughlin Aden , Rice Hal , de Viliers Laetitia , Withers Teresa , Pearson David , Arnell Moira , Walters Kerin , Czuchwicki Sarah , Bulmer Andrew , Winearls James
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Over the last decade interventional neuroradiology (NR) has become the mainstay of managing cerebral aneurysms. The aim of our study was to review our growing experiences with interventional NR and quantify morbidity and mortality associated with these procedures.

Methods

The electronic medical records of all patients admitted to the Gold Coast (University) Hospital Intensive Care Unit following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) or elective interventional NR management of cerebral aneurysms between January 2012 and December 2014 were retrieved. Primary outcomes of interest were death, thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events during hospital admission.

Results

One hundred and fifty‐two patients underwent interventional NR procedures for cerebral aneurysms. This consisted of 92 (60.5%) elective cases and 60 (39.5%) emergency cases following SAH. The all‐cause mortality rate and the rate of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events for the entire cohort were 5.9%, 11.2% and 7.2% respectively. Intra‐procedural complications occurred in 6.6% of the entire cohort. Median length of follow‐up was 448 days, with 91.6% of the entire cohort followed up. At follow‐up, 64.1% of patients had no neurological deficits, 29% had mild non‐specific deficits and 6.9% had significant disability.

Conclusions

Interventional NR represents the primary treatment modality for all patients presenting to our service with cerebral aneurysm. Our results are encouraging and are comparable to published data in the international literature. Reducing the burden of thromboembolism in patients undergoing endovascular treatment of their aneurysmal disease is our main research focus currently, and we aim to improve outcomes for this patient group.
The Evolution of Tariff Protection and Wage Protection in the Late Colonies and Early Federation
Authors: Lloyd Peter
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the links between tariff protection and wage protection. These two areas of regulation were linked politically by a coalition of the Protectionist Party and the Labour Party which supported both policies together. In the regulatory systems themselves there were links through New Protection Policy and the major influence it had on the hugely important Harvester Judgment of the Court of Conciliation and Arbitration. By 1910, these developments had laid down the foundations of Australian tariff policy and labour market regulation which became among the most highly regulated markets in the non‐communist world for many decades.
Changing Systems Through Effective Teams: A Role for Simulation
Authors: Rosenman Elizabeth D. , Fernandez Rosemarie , Wong Ambrose H. , Cassara Michael , Cooper Dylan D. , Kou Maybelle , Laack Torrey A. , Motola Ivette , Parsons Jessica R. , Levine Benjamin R. , Grand James A.
Published: July 2017

Teams are the building blocks of the healthcare system, with growing evidence linking the quality of healthcare to team effectiveness, and team effectiveness to team training. Simulation has been identified as an effective modality for team training and assessment. Despite this, there are gaps in methodology, measurement, and implementation that prevent maximizing the impact of simulation modalities on team performance. As part of the 2017 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference “Catalyzing System Change Through Health Care Simulation: Systems, Competency, and Outcomes,” we explored the impact of simulation on various aspects of team effectiveness. The consensus process included an extensive literature review, group discussions, and the conference “workshop” involving emergency medicine physicians, medical educators, and team science experts. The objectives of this work were to: 1) explore the antecedents and processes that support team effectiveness, 2) summarize the current role of simulation in developing and understanding team effectiveness, and 3) identify research targets to further improve team‐based training and assessment, with the ultimate goal of improving healthcare systems.
Communal Performativity—A Seed for Change? The Solidarity of Thessaloniki's Social Movements in the Diverse Fights Against Neoliberalism
Authors: Steinfort Lavinia , Hendrikx Bas , Pijpers Roos
Published: July 2017

The debate on the financial crisis is at an impasse. Neoliberal austerity discourse is often positioned as an almost insurmountable barrier, its disciplinary power affecting even the most change‐oriented citizen‐initiatives existing today. Countering this, this paper highlights the transformative capacity of social movements in Thessaloniki. Drawing from Butler, Laclau and Mouffe, and Gibson‐Graham we develop the notion of “communal performativity” both as an academic and as a practical concept to understand and build trajectories of socio‐economic change. “Communal” denotes the drive of the movements’ participants to interconnect and (re)negotiate with a multiplicity of Others, curbing identity politics to articulate internal differences and Otherness. We see some hopeful signs of bridges being built towards shared trajectories of change that can be understood as different but concrete variations on the abstract counter‐narrative of “breaking with neoliberalism”. Some of these variations challenge, others diversify neoliberal discourses and practices.
A mediation analysis study: The influence of mothers' dental anxiety on children's dental utilization among low‐income African Americans
Authors: Heima Masahiro , Heaton Lisa , Gunzler Douglas , Morris Nathan
Published: July 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to test a hypothesized mediation model to explain associations between mothers' dental anxiety and children's dental utilization through the mothers' own dental utilization.

Methods

Two hundred and fourteen low‐income African American mothers with young children (age 31‐59 months) completed a study questionnaire which assessed (i) mothers' dental anxiety; (ii) mothers' dental utilization (seeing a dentist at least once a year) and (iii) children's dental utilization (at least one non‐study‐related dental visit during the 36‐month study period). The hypothesized mediation model consisted of these three elements with both a direct path from mothers' dental anxiety to children's dental utilization and an indirect path from mothers' dental anxiety to children's dental utilization through mothers' dental utilization. Mediation analysis with bootstrapping was conducted to test the hypothesized model.

Results

The mediation analysis indicated significant total effect of mothers' dental anxiety on children's dental utilization. The standardized total effect of mothers' anxiety on children's dental utilization was −0.172 (SE=.084, P=.041), and the standardized indirect effect of mothers' anxiety on children's dental utilization mediated by mothers' dental utilization was −0.069 (SE=.039, P=.076). The direct effect from mothers' anxiety to children's dental utilization was not statistically significant (P=.261) after adjusting for the mothers' dental utilization.

Conclusions

In this low‐income African American sample, there was a trend for mothers' dental anxiety to be associated with children's dental utilization indirectly through mothers' own dental utilization, while the direct influence of mothers' dental anxiety on children's dental utilization was not seen. This suggests that mothers' dental utilization might explain how mothers' dental anxiety impacts children's early dental utilization.
Factors influencing property selection for conservation revolving funds
Authors: Hardy Mathew J. , Fitzsimons James A. , Bekessy Sarah A. , Gordon Ascelin
Published: July 2017

Finding sustainable ways to increase the amount of private land protected for biodiversity is challenging for many conservation organizations. In some countries, organizations use revolving‐fund programs, whereby land is purchased and then sold to conservation‐minded owners under condition they enter into a conservation covenant or easement. The sale proceeds are used to purchase, protect, and sell additional properties, incrementally increasing the amount of protected private land. Because the effectiveness of this approach relies on selecting appropriate properties, we explored factors currently considered by practitioners and how these are integrated into decision making. We conducted exploratory, semistructured interviews with managers from each of the 5 major revolving funds in Australia. Responses indicated although conservation factors are important, financial and social factors are also highly influential. A major determinant was whether the property could be resold within a reasonable period at a price that replenishes the fund. To facilitate resale, often selected properties include the potential for the construction of a dwelling. Practitioners face with clear trade‐offs between conservation, financial, amenity, and other factors in selecting properties and 3 main challenges: recovering the costs of acquisition, protection, and resale; reselling the property; and meeting conservation goals. Our findings suggest the complexity of these decisions may constrain revolving‐fund effectiveness. Drawing from participant responses, we identified potential strategies to mitigate these risks, such as providing adequate recreational space without jeopardizing ecological assets. We suggest managers could benefit from a shared‐learning and adaptive approach to property selection given the commonalities between programs. Understanding how practitioners deal with complex decisions in the implementation of revolving funds helps identify future research to improve the performance of this conservation tool.
Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma – spindle cell tumour with pigment: A diagnostic dilemma on cytology
Authors: Purkait S. , Gharei R. , Patra S. , Mishra P. , Singh P. K. , Kumar P. , Sahoo N.
Published: July 2017

This article discusses the possibility of making a confident diagnosis of aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma on the basis of its cytological appearance.
Back to Africa: autumn migration of the painted lady butterfly Vanessa cardui is timed to coincide with an increase in resource availability
Authors: STEFANESCU CONSTANTÍ , PUIG‐MONTSERRAT XAVIER , SAMRAOUI BOUDJÉMA , IZQUIERDO REBECA , UBACH ANDREU , ARRIZABALAGA ANTONI
Published: July 2017

1. The painted lady Vanessa cardui is a long‐range migratory butterfly that performs an annual multi‐generational round‐trip between Europe and Africa. Each autumn it returns to northwest (NW) Africa, presumably to track changes in resources that follow a predictable climate‐related spatio‐temporal pattern.

2. Data on the abundance of adult and immature stages in the Maghreb in 2014–2016 are used to test several hypotheses regarding the autumn migration of this species.

3. A strong seasonal migratory strategy was confirmed by the all but total absence of the species in NW Africa at the end of summer and the arrival of huge numbers migrants in October and November. Migration was timed to coincide with an increase in host plant availability but not with any increase in nectar sources.

4. Flower abundance was the main predictor of adult abundance in autumn, with Ditrichia viscosa, Verbesina encelioides, and Medicago sativa being key resources that attracted enormous numbers of butterflies to oases, ruderal habitats, and oueds. The distribution of immature stages was strongly predicted by host plant abundance (with traditional agriculture representing the most important breeding habitat) and latitude (most breeding occurred in the south of the region). Also, both adults and immature stages were more common inland than in coastal areas.

5. Changes in age structure of the adult population were also noted. The number of fresh adults slowly increased, indicating that butterflies did not return in a single wave and that the first offspring of the first returners were already emerging when some butterflies were still arriving.
Values, socially conscious behaviour and consumption emotions as predictors of Canadians’ intent to buy fair trade products
Authors: Ladhari Riadh , Tchetgna Nina Michèle
Published: July 2017

Over the last two decades, a growing concern about ethical behaviour has been observed among consumers. Ethically minded consumers are more inclined towards the consumption of ethical goods, such as green products and fair trade (hereafter, ‘FT’) products, organic products and local products. Establishing the motives that predict FT consumption behaviour provides ground for understanding how consumers make purchase decisions. This research postulates that the intention of buying FT products is influenced by socially conscious behaviour, consumers’ values and emotions. The study, conducted among 268 Canadian consumers, shows that the high intention of buying FT products is linked to high levels of pride, enthusiasm, satisfaction, happiness and joy related to FT product consumption. The FT consumption experience provides consumers with hedonic gratification. It shows that the higher the levels of self‐centred, equality and social justice values are, the higher the intention of buying FT products. An increase in socially conscious behaviour generates an increase in intention of purchasing FT products. The research contributes to a preliminary analysis of the role of emotions in this field and calls for the development of cognitive‐affective models of purchase and consumption behaviour. Understanding the dimensions of hedonic values and the significance of pleasure experience is essential to the development of the theory and practices of FT consumption.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Sustainability Disclosure: Findings from a Recent SASB Study
Authors: Rodriguez Arturo , Cotran Henrik , Stewart Levi S.
Published: July 2017

Early research into the relationship between corporate sustainability programs and financial performance suggests a positive relationship between strong sustainability performance and a lower cost of capital. As investors increasingly incorporate sustainability information into financial decisionmaking, the importance of high‐quality sustainability disclosure is growing. Just as investors have relied on financial disclosures based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to assess corporate risk, a market standard is needed to help companies disclose comparable sustainability information.

To address this issue, the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) conducted a recent analysis of the current state of sustainability disclosure in annual Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings. The study reviewed the disclosures of over 700 U.S.‐and foreign‐domiciled companies, focusing on material sustainability topics as identified by SASB's industry‐specific accounting standards. The authors find large variations among different corporate sectors in the frequency and quality, as well as the focus, of their sustainability disclosures. Then, after examining in detail disclosures within the SASB Resource Transformation and Consumer Staples sectors, the authors suggest a number of possible drivers of this variation, including key sustainability and economic trends, while also presenting evidence of increasing investor interest in sustainability information. Although the authors' analysis was not intended to determine the extent to which the quality of sustainability disclosure affects investor returns, the findings provide a useful baseline for the as yet largely unexplored relationship between sustainability disclosure and corporate financial performance.
cPKCγ‐mediated down‐regulation ofUCHL1 alleviates ischaemic neuronal injuries by decreasing autophagyviaERK‐mTORpathway
Authors: Zhang Dan , Han Song , Wang Shizun , Luo Yanlin , Zhao Li , Li Junfa
Published: July 2017

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the world, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Both conventional protein kinase C (cPKC)γ and ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) are neuron‐specific proteins. In the models of 1‐hr middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/24‐hr reperfusion in mice and 1‐hr oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)/24‐hr reoxygenation in cortical neurons, we found thatcPKCγ gene knockout remarkably aggravated ischaemic injuries and simultaneously increased the levels of cleaved (Cl)‐caspase‐3 andLC3‐I proteolysis productLC3‐II, and the ratio ofTUNEL‐positive cells to total neurons. Moreover,cPKCγ gene knockout could increaseUCHL1 protein expressionviaelevating itsmRNAlevel regulated by the nuclear factor κB inhibitor alpha (IκB‐α)/nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) pathway in cortical neurons. Both inhibitor and shRNAofUCHL1 significantly reduced the ratio ofLC3‐II/totalLC3, which contributed to neuronal survival after ischaemic stroke, but did not alter the level of Cl‐caspase‐3. In addition,UCHL1 shRNAreversed the effect ofcPKCγ on the phosphorylation levels ofmTORandERKrather than that ofAMPKandGSK‐3β. In conclusion, our results suggest thatcPKCγ activation alleviates ischaemic injuries of mice and cortical neurons through inhibitingUCHL1 expression, which may negatively regulate autophagy throughERK‐mTORpathway.
The long‐term effect of a zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate containing mouth rinse on intra‐oral halitosis—A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Erovic Ademovski Seida , Mårtensson Carina , Persson Gösta Rutger , Renvert Stefan
Published: July 2017

Aim

To evaluate the long‐term effects of a zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate mouth rinse (Zn/CHX) on intra‐oral halitosis.

Materials and methods

Forty‐six adults with intra‐oral halitosis were randomized into a 6‐month, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study. The presence of intra‐oral halitosis was evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment by assessment of organoleptic score (OLS) and by total volatile sulphur compounds (T‐VSC), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (MM) concentrations in exhaled air.

Results

A Zn/CHX mouth rinse provided significantly better control of intra‐oral halitosis than a placebo mouth rinse. At 3 and 6 months, individuals rinsing with the Zn/CHX rinse presented with reductions of the OLS, T‐VSC (p < .01, respectively), H2S (p < .001), and MM (p < .01) in subjects’ exhaled air. At 6 months, 68.2% of individuals using the Zn/CHX rinse experienced a 1 or 2 category improvement in OLS compared with 19.1% of placebo‐treated subjects. 91% of subjects in the Zn/CHX group were categorized as being effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis (i.e. H2S < 112 ppb), compared to 43% in the placebo group.

Conclusion

Zn/CHX mouth rinse provides effective long‐term efficacy against intra‐oral halitosis, assessed both objectively and subjectively. With regular rinsing, the effect was sustained for 6 months.
A cross‐sectional analysis of executive function in Down syndrome from 2 to 35 years
Authors: Loveall S. J. , Conners F. A. , Tungate A. S. , Hahn L. J. , Osso T. D.
Published: July 2017

Background

Previous research has indicated a unique profile of executive function (EF) in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). However, there is a paucity of research on EF in adults with DS. This study aimed to gain a broader understanding of strengths and weaknesses in EF in DS from 2 to 35 years.

Method

Parents of 112 individuals with DS between 2 and 35 years participated in this study. Parents either completed the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function – for individuals 6+ years – or the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function Preschool Version – for children 2–5 years.

Results

Results suggest not only overall difficulties but also patterns of strength and weakness within EF for individuals with DS. For the 2 to 5‐year‐old group, emotional control and shift were relative strengths, planning/organisation and inhibit were intermediate skills, and working memory was a relative weakness. For the 6 to 18‐year‐old group, emotional control and organisation of materials were relative strengths, inhibit and initiate were intermediate skills, and working memory, monitor, planning/organisation, and shift were relative weaknesses. Most abilities were consistent from 2 to 18 years, except shift, which decreased in preadolescence before beginning to recover in adolescence. Across the full age range (2–35 years), composite scores indicated quadratic trends in inhibit, working memory, and planning/organisation, and a cubic trend in shift, with EF abilities generally declining in middle childhood before recovering in adulthood.

Conclusions

This study extends previous research on EF in DS by providing an initial description of EF profiles across the lifespan. More longitudinal and behavioural research is needed to further characterise the development of EF in DS.
Optimal Pessary Care: A Modified Delphi Consensus Study
Authors: Hooper Gwendolyn L. , Atnip Shanna , O'Dell Katharine
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Support pessaries are an important, low‐risk treatment option for women with vaginal prolapse but evidence to inform optimal practice is lacking. Currently, gynecologists, urologists, and urogynecologists recommend silicone vaginal support pessaries as first‐line treatment for symptomatic vaginal prolapse in women of all ages. It is unknown how many providers who are not physicians prescribe and care for women using pessaries. For this study we attempted to collect opinions of expert nurse providers who fit pessaries on topics related to pessary care and management in an effort to develop consensus to guide practice.

Methods

A 4‐round modified Delphi technique was utilized and included one series of online surveys, 2 rounds of anonymous online questionnaires, and one series of face‐to‐face meetings at conferences. Respondents were invited to participate in all opportunities to provide opinion. For the first 3 rounds respondents were asked to rate statements on a 3‐point scale, (agree, disagree, neutral) and provide written comments for those statements with which they did not agree. The goal of additional rounds was 80% agreement between participants, including no less than 6 nurse pessary experts.

Results

Greater than 80% consensus was achieved for 22 statements related to patient and provider education, terminology for documentation, pessary management, and follow‐up care. Use of vaginal estrogen, antimicrobials, and prevention and management of mechanical injury were areas where no consensus was reached.

Discussion

Expert pessary providers were able to develop consensus recommendations to inform provider education and clinical care where the evidence base remains sparse. Areas where consensus was not achieved inform the future pessary‐related research agenda needed to identify optimal cost‐effective pessary care and educational methods for new pessary providers.
Current evidence for endovascular therapy in stroke and remaining uncertainties
Authors: Motyer R. , Asadi H. , Thornton J. , Nicholson P. , Kok H. K.
Published: July 2017

Class 1 level A evidence now supports endovascular thrombectomy as best practice in the management of large vessel occlusion acute ischaemic stroke. However, significant questions pertaining to initial imaging, radiological assessment, patient selection and therapeutic limits remain unanswered. A specific cohort of patients who benefit from endovascular thrombectomy has been established, although current uncertainties regarding selection of those not meeting top‐tier evidence criteria may potentially deny certain patients the benefit of intervention. This is of particular relevance in patients presenting in a delayed manner. Whilst superior outcomes are achieved with reduced time to endovascular reperfusion, denying patients intervention based on symptom duration alone may not be appropriate. Advanced understanding of ischaemic stroke pathophysiology supports an individualized approach to patient evaluation, given variance in the rate of ischaemic core progression and the extent of salvageable penumbra. Physiological imaging techniques may therefore be utilized to better inform patient selection for endovascular thrombectomy and evidence suggests that a transition from time‐based to tissue‐based therapeutic thresholds may be of greater value. Multiple ongoing randomized controlled trials aim to further define the benefit of endovascular thrombectomy and it is hoped that these results will advance, and possibly broaden, patient selection criteria to ensure that maximum benefit from the intervention may be achieved.
Patterns of divergence across the geographic and genomic landscape of a butterfly hybrid zone associated with a climatic gradient
Authors: Ryan Sean F. , Fontaine Michael C. , Scriber J. Mark , Pfrender Michael E. , O'Neil Shawn T. , Hellmann Jessica J.
Published: July 2017

Hybrid zones are a valuable tool for studying the process of speciation and for identifying the genomic regions undergoing divergence and the ecological (extrinsic) and nonecological (intrinsic) factors involved. Here, we explored the genomic and geographic landscape of divergence in a hybrid zone betweenPapilio glaucusandPapilio canadensis. Using a genome scan of 28,417 ddRAD SNPs, we identified genomic regions under possible selection and examined their distribution in the context of previously identified candidate genes for ecological adaptations. We showed that differentiation was genomewide, including multiple candidate genes for ecological adaptations, particularly those involved in seasonal adaptation and host plant detoxification. The Z chromosome and four autosomes showed a disproportionate amount of differentiation, suggesting genes on these chromosomes play a potential role in reproductive isolation. Cline analyses of significantly differentiated genomicSNPs, and of species‐diagnostic genetic markers, showed a high degree of geographic coincidence (81%) and concordance (80%) and were associated with the geographic distribution of a climate‐mediated developmental threshold (length of the growing season). A relatively large proportion (1.3%) of the outliers for divergent selection were not associated with candidate genes for ecological adaptations and may reflect the presence of previously unrecognized intrinsic barriers between these species. These results suggest that exogenous (climate‐mediated) and endogenous (unknown) clines may have become coupled and act together to reinforce reproductive isolation. This approach of assessing divergence across both the genomic and geographic landscape can provide insight about the interplay between the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation and endogenous and exogenous selection.
Characterization of two homeodomain transcription factors with critical but distinct roles in virulence in the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Sarmiento‐Villamil Jorge L. , Prieto Pilar , Klosterman Steven J. , García‐Pedrajas María D.
Published: July 2017

Vascular wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a destructive disease that represents a chronic economic problem for crop production worldwide. In this work, we characterized two new regulators of pathogenicity in this species. Vph1 (VDAG_06555) was identified in a candidate gene approach as a putative homologue of the transcription factor Ste12. Vhb1 (VDAG_08786), identified in a forward genetics approach, is similar to the homeobox transcription factor Htf1, reported as a regulator of conidiogenesis in several fungi. Deletion of vph1 did not affect vegetative growth, whereas deletion of vhb1 greatly reduced sporulation rates in liquid medium. Both mutants failed to induce Verticillium wilt symptoms. However, unlike Δvph1, Δvhb1 could be re‐isolated from the vascular system of some asymptomatic plants. Confocal microscopy further indicated that Δvph1 and Δvhb1 differed in their behaviour in planta; Δvph1 could not penetrate the root cortex, whereas Δvhb1 was impaired in its ability to colonize the xylem. In agreement with these observations, only Δvhb1 could penetrate cellophane paper. On cellophane, wild‐type and Δvhb1 strains produced numerous short branches with swollen tips, resembling the hyphopodia formed on root surfaces, contrasting with Δvph1, which generated unbranched long filaments without swollen tips. A microarray analysis showed that these differences in growth were associated with differences in global transcription patterns, and allowed us to identify a large set of novel genes potentially involved in virulence in V. dahliae. Ste12 homologues are known regulators of invasive growth, but Vhb1 is the first putative Htf1 homologue identified with a critical role in virulence.
The oil curse: Go deeper
Authors: Wenar Leif
Published: July 2017

Blood oil lubricates our economies and powers our societies, yet much of it is reliant on doing business with violent and oppressive regimes. Looking at the legal basis for today's oil trade and the violence underpinning it, and tracing a path to a world beyond blood oil.
Reform of the welfare state or dreams about universal basic income?
Authors: Blix Mårten
Published: July 2017

What does the future hold for the welfare state? An assessment of its ongoing viability in the years to come, and challenge to the idea that it would – or should – be replaced in the foreseeable future by a universal basic income.
Transcriptional control of photosynthetic capacity: conservation and divergence from Arabidopsis to rice
Authors: Wang Peng , Hendron Ross‐William , Kelly Steven
Published: July 2017

Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes on Earth. It provides the consumable energy upon which almost all organisms are dependent, and modulates the composition of the planet's atmosphere. To carry out photosynthesis, plants require a large cohort of genes. These genes encode proteins that capture light energy, store energy in sugars and build the subcellular structures required to facilitate this energy capture. Although the function of many of these genes is known, little is understood about the transcriptional networks that coordinate their expression. This review places our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana in an evolutionary context, to provide new insight into transcriptional regulatory networks that control photosynthesis gene expression in grasses. The similarities and differences between the rice and Arabidopsis networks are highlighted, revealing substantial disparity between the two systems. In addition, avenues are identified that may be exploited for photosynthesis engineering projects in the future.

Contents

Summary
32

I.
Introduction
32

II.
The molecular networks that control the expression of photosynthesis genes
33

III.
Conservation and divergence of photosynthesis regulators from Arabidopsis to rice
36

IV.
Discussion and future perspectives
41

Acknowledgements
43

References
43
Success rates and complications of eminectomies: a retrospective case series
Authors: Rahman Z. , Chand M. , Breeze J. , Stocker J.
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Eminectomy is the physical removal of the articular eminence to enable free movement of the condyle. The primary indication is to treat recurrent dislocation, although in the past it has been used for non‐reducing disc displacement without reduction (NDDR). The established contraindication to the procedure is pneumatisation of the articular eminence or tubercle. Determining the success rates of eminectomies from previous papers are hampered by the lack of baseline objective measures needed to improve assessment of treatment outcomes.

Methodology

A retrospective case series was conducted, in which written and computerised hospital records and images were analysed from 2007 to 2014, using a minimum data set developed by our unit to assess outcomes. These included indication for procedure, frequency of dislocation, interincisal distance, pre‐operative imaging and objective pain scoring.

Results

Twenty of twenty‐eight (71%) patients receiving an eminectomy conformed to the minimum data set. Pain improvement was demonstrated in 60% of patients with both recurrent dislocation and NDDR. Complications occurred in 24% of eminectomies, all of which were temporary.

Conclusions

Eminectomy is a safe and effective procedure for management of chronic temporomandibular joint dislocation in well‐selected cases. However, the results were less predictable with NDDR. The recording of specific clinical information is required to improve comparing outcomes and we would recommend the use of a proforma such as one utilised in our study. There was no evidence that pneumatisation of the eminence was related to an adverse clinical outcome but further evidence is required to question this as a contraindication to eminectomy.
What is distressing about auditory verbal hallucinations? The contribution of goal interference and goal facilitation
Authors: Varese Filippo , Mansell Warren , Tai Sara J.
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Distressing and pleasant/positive voices (auditory verbal hallucinations) are common in both clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers. Identifying factors that contribute to emotional reactions to voices is essential for developing effective psychological interventions. Several theories propose that facilitation and interference with personal goals are important predictors of distress and well‐being. This study examined whether voice‐related distress is related to the degree to which voices interfere with personal goals, and whether pleasantness of voices is influenced by the extent to which they facilitate goals.

Design

Cross‐sectional with clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers.

Method

Twenty‐two clinical and 18 non‐clinical voice‐hearers completed interviews and self‐report measures assessing (1) personal goals, (2) content, characteristics, and affective reactions to voices, and (3) ratings of the extent to which voices facilitated and/or interfered with achievement of important personal goals.

Results

Affective reactions were strongly correlated with measures of goal interference and goal facilitation. Regression analyses revealed that these associations remained significant when controlling for important covariates (e.g., participant grouping; content, frequency and duration of voices). Goal interference was specifically associated with distress, whereas goal facilitation specifically predicted perceived pleasantness of voices.

Conclusions

This study provides a novel perspective on the factors that might contribute to distress in people who hear voices. The findings suggest that perceived impact of voices on valued personal goals may be an important contributor of voice‐related distress. We propose that clinical assessments, formulations, and interventions could benefit from the careful analysis of the perceived impact of voices on goals.

Practitioner points

These findings suggest that variability in voice‐related distress is closely linked to the perceived impact of voices on personal goals.

These strong effects observed highlight the importance of considering the role of personal goals in future research on the psychological mechanisms leading to distress associated with voice hearing.

Psychological assessments may benefit from the careful exploration of the impact of voice hearing on valued goals, and interventions promoting control over personal goals may be explored as treatment options for clients with distressing voices.
Full‐length sequencing of the HLA region identified a novel allele, HLA‐B*52:70
Authors: Mo X. D. , Wang J. , Zhang T.
Published: July 2017

One nucleotide substitution at position 276 of HLA‐B*52:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐B*52:70.
Urothelial cell carcinoma after BK polyomavirus infection in kidney transplant recipients: A cohort study of veterans
Authors: Rogers Ralph , Gohh Reginald , Noska Amanda
Published: July 2017

Background

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) reactivation is a common clinical occurrence in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Several other polyomaviruses have been implicated as pathogens with a direct role in the development of malignancies, raising the question of whether BKPyV might also be oncogenic.

Methods

This study is the first retrospective, multicenter cohort study evaluating the relative risk for urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) associated with BKPyV infection among KTR, and was conducted among veterans who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2009. BKPyV cases were defined as those veterans with any clinical evidence of BKPyV infection, including positive polymerase chain reaction testing of urine and/or serum for BKPyV or kidney biopsy showing BKPyV‐associated nephropathy.

Results

Among the 646 veterans who met inclusion criteria for the study, 103 had clinical evidence of BKPyV infection (16%). The overall relative risk for developing any malignancy after BKPyV infection was 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89‐1.44). The adjusted relative risk for malignancy after BKPyV infection was greatest with UCC (8.21, 95% CI 0.75‐89.7) and with metastatic disease of unknown etiology (8.21, 95% CI 0.75‐89.7). The screening prevalence for BKPyV infection increased from 18% for those veterans who underwent transplantation in 2000 to 86% for those veterans who underwent transplantation in 2009, during which time the measured prevalence of BKPyV infection increased from 7% to 24%.

Conclusion

In this cohort of KTR veterans, no overall increased or decreased relative risk for malignancy was associated with evidence of prior BKPyV infection. A >8‐fold increased risk of developing UCC after BKPyV infection was seen, although this risk was not found to be statistically significant.
Neutrophil extracellular traps coincide with a pro‐coagulant status of microcirculatory endothelium in burn wounds
Authors: Korkmaz H. Ibrahim , Ulrich Magda M.W. , Vogels Sanne , de Wit Tim , van Zuijlen Paul P.M. , Krijnen Paul A.J. , Niessen Hans W.M.
Published: July 2017

Burn‐induced tissue loss is partly related to secondary expansion of necrosis into vital dermis neighboring the initial burn injury. An important factor herein is the severe loss of perfusion of the burn wound, probably caused by microvascular damage induced by the intense local inflammatory responses as well as burn‐induced hypercoagulation. We hypothesize that the formation of neutrophilic extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in this. The purpose of this study was to investigate postburn intravascular thrombosis, NETs formation and the coagulant state in the microvasculature of burns in both animal models and patients. We used two in vivo burn wound models: rats and pigs. In rats, the entire wound was excised at day 14 postburn and in pigs burn wound biopsies were collected at different time points up to 60 days postburn. To confirm the data in patients, eschar from the burn wound was obtained from burn wound patients at different time points after wounding. The number of intravascular thrombi, the presence of intravascular NETs and the number of tissue factor (TF) positive blood vessels in the burn wound was determined. In rats, a significant increase in intravascular thrombi and TF expression was observed 14 days postburn, that in majority coincided with NETs. In pigs, a significant increase in intravascular thrombi and TF expression was found over time up to 60 days postburn, that in majority coincided with NETs too. Also in eschar of burn wound patients, a significant increase in intravascular thrombi was noted, that in majority coincided with NETs, already 0.5 days postburn and remained elevated up to 46 days postburn. This study shows the presence of NETosis in microcirculatory thrombosis of burn wounds and a switch in the microcirculatory endothelium toward a procoagulant phenotype.
Volatile organic compound detection as a potential means of diagnosing cutaneous wound infections
Authors: Ashrafi Mohammed , Bates Matt , Baguneid Mohamed , Alonso‐Rasgado Teresa , Rautemaa‐Richardson Riina , Bayat Ardeshir
Published: July 2017

Chronic cutaneous wound infections and surgical site infections (SSIs) present a huge burden on the healthcare system and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic methods of identifying and confirming infection involve culture‐based and molecular methods. Both techniques are time‐consuming and delays commonly lead to untargeted empirical treatment. An ideal diagnostic method would be noninvasive and highly sensitive and detect pathogenic organisms with a high degree of accuracy to allow targeted treatment. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a diverse group of carbon‐based molecules produced and released by humans and microorganisms. VOC detection has the potential in aiding cutaneous wound infection diagnostics using noninvasive and time‐efficient methods. This review provides a comprehensive update on VOCs produced and emitted by bacteria commonly associated with chronic wounds and SSIs. VOC sampling has the advantage of being painless, time‐efficient, noninvasive, and reproducible. VOCs emitted by these organisms are diverse. In vitro studies have identified potential signature volatile profiles, which can be used in detecting these microorganisms. Combining these profiles with volatile profiles emitted from acute, chronic and surgical wounds in vivo could potentially allow identification of bacterial‐specific VOCs. VOC detection has the potential for a relatively inexpensive, portable, noninvasive, and reliable clinical diagnostic tool, which could be used in detecting cutaneous wound infections and guiding their optimal management.
Robust reproduction of sound zones with local sound orientation
Authors: Zhu Qiaoxi , Coleman Philip , Wu Ming , Yang Jun
Published: July 2017

Pressure matching (PM) and planarity control (PC) methods can be used to reproduce local sound with a certain orientation at the listening zone, while suppressing the sound energy at the quiet zone. In this letter, regularized PM and PC, incorporating coarse error estimation, are introduced to increase the robustness in non-ideal reproduction scenarios. Facilitated by this, the interaction between regularization, robustness, (tuned) personal audio optimization, and local directional performance is explored. Simulations show that under certain conditions, PC and weighted PM achieve comparable performance, while PC is more robust to a poorly selected regularization parameter.
Music and On-task Behaviors in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Dieringer Shannon Titus , Porretta David L. , Sainato Diane
Published: July 2017

The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of music (music with lyrics versus music with lyrics plus instruction) relative to on-task behaviors in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a gross motor setting. Five preschool children (4 boys, 1 girl) diagnosed with ASD served as participants. A multiple baseline across participants in conjunction with an alternating-treatment design was used. For all participants, music with lyrics plus instruction increased on-task behaviors to a greater extent than did music with lyrics. The results of our study provide a better understanding of the role of music with regard to the behaviors of young children with ASD.
Social Influence, Physical Activity, and Social Cognitions Among Adults With Physical Disability: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Stapleton Jessie N. , Mack Diane E. , Ginis Kathleen A. Martin
Published: July 2017

The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the magnitude of the relationship between social influence and both PA behavior and PA-related social cognitions among samples of adults with physical disabilities, including those with chronic conditions that can lead to a physical disability. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies involving adults with physical disability, a measure of social influence, and a measure of PA behavior or PA-related social cognitions. A total of 27 studies with 4,768 participants yielded 47 effect sizes to be included for meta-analysis. Significant, small- to medium-sized relationships were identified between social influence and PA behavior, and social influence and PA-related social cognitions. These relationships suggest that social factors positively associate with physical-activity-related social cognitions and should be targeted when promoting physical activity behavior change among adults with a physical disability.
Bridging Research and Practice in Kinesiology: A Case for Concept Mapping
Authors: Souza Brian J.
Published: July 2017

Enhancing translational research in kinesiology requires utilizing diverse research methods. Concept mapping (CM), an applied, participatory research method, brings together stakeholders to address problems. CM involves preparing a project, generating answers to a problem, then structuring, rating, analyzing, representing, and interpreting the data. The results are visual depictions of the stakeholders’ collective thinking about a problem that help facilitate decision-making. In this paper, I describe CM, review CM physical activity projects, discuss opportunities for CM in kinesiology, and detail the limitations of CM. Professionals from the kinesiology subdisciplines can implement CM to facilitate collaboration and generate real-world solutions to real-world problems.
Along-trench variation in seafloor displacements after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
Authors: Tomita Fumiaki , Kido Motoyuki , Ohta Yusaku , Iinuma Takeshi , Hino Ryota
Published: July 2017

Seafloor displacements observed after the Tohoku earthquake place large constraints on assessing the deformation process.
Biomimetic nanocoatings with exceptional mechanical, barrier, and flame-retardant properties from large-scale one-step coassembly
Authors: Ding Fuchuan , Liu Jingjing , Zeng Songshan , Xia Yan , Wells Kacie M. , Nieh Mu-Ping , Sun Luyi
Published: July 2017

Nanocoatings with exceptional mechanical, barrier, and flame-retardant properties were fabricated via one-step coassembly.
NIH redefines clinical trials, attracting critics
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: July 2017

Behavioral scientists fear new rules could complicate basic research projects
Addressable wireless actuation for multijoint folding robots and devices
Authors: Boyvat Mustafa , Koh Je-Sung , Wood Robert J.
Published: July 2017

Addressable wireless folding for origami-based robots and devices does not require a battery.