bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validitas dan Reliabilitas Ujian Keahlian Pelaut Bahasa Inggris Maritim
Authors: Gumay Andesvan , Nurika Yohanna , Herningsih Siwi Woro , Magdalena Susiarni
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research is to determine the validity and reliability of the Maritime English proficiency test organized by PUKP (Seafarer Expertise Exam) 02 Banten and its surroundings. Research method was used is descriptive analysis because it aims to explain the level of difficulty, discriminatory power, as well as the validity and reliability of exam questions for 3rd grade students at the Maritime School. The results showed that there were 43 valid exam questions in the Nautical department or about 71.66% of the total questions, with a correlation value greater than Rtable 0.1071 with a significance level of 5%. As for the Engineering department, there are 41 valid exam questions or 68.33% of the total questions, with a correlation value greater than Rtable 0.2483 with a significance level of 5%. For the reliability of the test questions in the Nautical department of 0.5968 and the Engineering department 0.6789 with an interval between 0.40 to 0.70 with moderated interpretation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Maritime English exam questions used are quite valid and reliable.

 

Keywords: validity, reliability, proficiency test, maritime English.
Hubungan Akhlak Mahasiswa dengan Hasil Belajar
Authors: Suhaili Hidayati
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe morals with the learning outcomes of Islamic religious education students of STKIP Abdi Pendidikan Foundation. The method used is the correlation method. The sampling method was using cluster random sampling technique with a total of 36 students. The results of the study found that there was a significant relationship between student morals and learning outcomes of Islamic religious education because the results of hypothesis testing based on r 0.38, obtained tcount 1.697 with degrees of freedom n-2(34-2=32) with a significant level of 0.05. The hypothesis is accepted that tcount is greater than ttable that is, 2.315>1,697. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between morals and learning outcomes of Islamic religious education students of STKIP STKIP Foundation Abdi Pendidikan Payakumbuh.

Keywords: Morals, Learning Outcomes
Pengembangan Assistive Electric Vehicles untuk Penyandang Disabilitas Fisik
Authors: Mais Asrorul , Yaum Lailil Aflahkul , Adi Partiwi Ngayuningtyas , Ariyanto Dedy
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the technical specifications of electric motorbikes needed by people with physical disabilities and realize this by developing assistive devices in the form of Assistive Electric Vehicles. The Assistive Electric Vehicle development method for physical disabilities is carried out using the ADDIE (Analysis-Design-Develop-Implement-Evaluate) design and development model which is integrated according to the research and development steps recommended by Borg and Gall on the basis of consideration that this model is suitable for developing a product or a valid, effective, and efficient model. Research results obtained that. Based on the results of trial 1, it obtained a percentage of 80.71% and the results of trial II obtained an average percentage of 88.57%. Based on the results of the validation team and the results of the trials, the conclusions obtained from the results of the successful development of this product are categorized as very feasible and can be used easily and comfortably by persons with disabilities.

 

Keywords: Assistive, Electric Vehicle and Physical Disabilities
Pendidikan Merdeka Belajar dalam Perspektif Filsafat Progresivisme
Authors: Adisel Adisel , Suryati Suryati
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the concept of independent learning education in the perspective of progressivism philosophy. The approach used is a qualitative approach with the method of literature or literature review (literature review/literature research). The material used as a study is books and journals that are relevant to the perspective of philosophy and the Freedom to Learn policy. The analysis process in this study includes: data reduction, verification and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the current education system was conceptualized by the Minister of Education and Culture referring to the concept of progressive philosophy of thought put forward by John Dewey, where the philosophical value requires: 1) the existence of independence and flexibility of educators and educational institutions in exploring maximally abilities, intelligence and the potential of students in a flexible, natural, fun and democratic way, 2) improving student character as a manifestation of social aspects in progressivism 3) there is a change in educational practice to a more advanced, quality and modern direction quickly and provide real benefits for participants educate. Conclusion. Optimizing the concept of Freedom to Learn is expected to be able to improve the quality of resources and the competitiveness of students in a globalized world.

 

Keywords: Free Learning, Progressivism, Education.
Studi Literatur: Analisis Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Guna Meningkatkan Keterampilan Literasi Siswa SD
Authors: Juniawan Eko Rahmad , Haryadi Haryadi
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to discuss Indonesian language learning media used in elementary schools to help children develop reading skills. This is a literature review using content analysis techniques. To improve students' reading skills in elementary schools, researchers study relevant research from national, international journals, and other written works that are relevant to the topic of articles on Indonesian language learning media. Researchers go through several stages in reviewing previous research, including: 1) Sorting out relevant research; 2) Collecting data and information for review; 3) Determining the state of the art from research that has been analyzed; 4) Developing the results of information analysis and stringing them into a conclusion. The results of this study can be concluded that the existence of learning media is very important in improving reading skills, especially at the elementary school level. It is necessary to use Indonesian language learning media in order to achieve the learning objectives desired by the teacher

 

Keywords: Learning Media, Indonesian Language, Reading Skills, Elementary School
Tari Merak Ponorogo Sebagai Sarana Pembelajaran Gerak Keseharian dan Alam dalam Tari Siswa SD
Authors: Fitriyani Lintang Ayu , Juniawan Eko Rahmad
Published: March 2023

The use of local wisdom as a learning tool can motivate and foster an attitude of nationalism in students, so it is necessary to develop learning facilities from the use of local wisdom. This study aims to determine the potential of the Ponorogo peacock creation dance as a means of student learning about demonstrating daily and natural movements in dance by paying attention to the values ​​contained in the Ponorogo peacock dance, and its suitability with the characteristics of second grade elementary school students. This research is a qualitative descriptive research, with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used were observations of the Ponorogo peacock dance, interviews with dance creators and elementary school teachers, and literature review. The results of this study indicate that the Ponorogo peacock dance has the potential as a means of learning daily and natural movements in dance for second grade elementary school students. Ponorogo peacock dance as a local wisdom of Ponorogo Regency describes the behavior of peacocks in accordance with the learning theme in grade II elementary school, namely about the environment. There are various local wisdoms from Ponorogo Regency that can be used as a learning tool for students. This research has implications for the means of learning dance in elementary schools.

 

Keywords: Learning Facilities, Elementary School, Dance Art, Ponorogo Peacock Dance
Peningkatan Minat Belajar Keterampilan Bercerita melalui Gambar Seri Digital pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suyanti Rohmawati Widya , Rahmawati Fittri Puji , Widodo Widodo , Istiprijanti Theresia Nurani
Published: March 2023

This study aims to increase interest in learning storytelling skills through digital series pictures in elementary school students. In this study, we will discuss the application of digital serial images to increase interest in learning storytelling skills using digital serial images and the obstacles that arise during application and solutions to overcome them. The methods of data collection in this study were interviews, documentation, and observation. While the data analysis technique is a qualitative descriptive technique of each cycle. The results of this study can be concluded that the interest in learning storytelling skills obtained has increased from cycle I to cycle II by 19%. Thus it can be concluded that through the media of digital series pictures can increase interest in learning storytelling skills in elementary schools. This can be seen from the presentation of interest in telling stories in Indonesian subjects before the action and after the action in each cycle the results achieved have increased

 

Keywords: Digital Series Pictures, Interest in Learning
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Animasi Powtoon terhadap Hasil Belajar PKn Materi Hak Dan Kewajiban pada Siswa Kelas IV SD
Authors: Tuti Kasyani , Ninawati Mimin
Published: March 2023

Research on the Effect of Powtoon Animation-Based Digital Learning Media on Civics Learning Outcomes The material on rights and obligations of fourth grade students at SDN Cipayung 03 am aims to determine whether or not the effect of powtoon animation learning media on Civics learning outcomes. The method that the researcher uses is a quantitative experiment with a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test control group design. The sample in this study amounted to 64 students consisting of the experimental group, namely 32 students in class IV-A and the control group, namely 32 students in class IV-B. The results of the study show that there is a good effect of the powtoon animation learning media on PPKn learning outcomes. The results of this study indicate that the POWTOON animation learning media has an effect on improving student Civics learning outcomes, this is evidenced by the value > with a score of 3.753 > 1.699 so that this study can be said to have a significant influence on student learning outcomes.

Keywords:  Media Learning, Animation, Civic Right and Obligatitons
When the Brand is Losing its Archetypes it Dies Georgian Political Marketing at Elections
Authors: DJAKELI Kakhaber
Published: March 2023

The main hypothesis, making me to write this article was about the importance of archetypes, sounded as the following: when political brand is losing its archetypes it dies. To confirm or deny this hypothesis the goal was to explain the importance of video tape of abuse in a prison released during 2012 Parliament Elections of Georgia. The question is why it was so effective and damaging for the governing “United National Movement of Georgia”? The comparison of TV advertisement budgets of the main rival political organizations is very surprising. It shows that the governing political party - “United National Movement” spent 10 times more than (approximately 11 million GEL - more than 6 million USD) its main competitor “Georgian Dream”, (having spent only 123833 GEL - around 71000 USD) but lost historical elections, against the fresh political alliance.

“Opinion polls taken by the U.S. National Democratic Institute in June and August 2012—before the release of the videos-seemed to indicate that more Georgianspreferred United National Movement to Georgian Dream and that support for GD may have weakened” (Nichol, 2012). The survey of focus group members was conducted for the purposes of this article to know their attitude to subjects of elections – political parties and their leaders - five focus groups consisting of the total of 63 people before and after the elections.
IMF in Regulating of Crisis Phenomena in the World Economy and Promoting the Establishment of Introduction Friendly Business Environment at the Global Level
Authors: BERUASHVILI Natalia , CHITADZE Nika
Published: March 2023

The paper explores main aspects of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) involvement  in different economic crises and creation of the friendly business environment in various countries and regions for the promotion of international business based on the free market economy.

Keywords: business, crisis, entrepreneurship, finances, IMF, World BankJEL: F53, F59
The Impact of the Degree of Business Strategy Implementation Planning on Organizational Performance: Georgian Based Manufacturing Companies
Authors: KHOSHTARIA Tornike
Published: March 2023

The aim of this article is to examine links between the degree of planning business strategy implementation and organizational performance in the manufacturing sector. The research addressed 108 Georgian-based manufacturing companies. A questionnaire was employed as a tool of this study. Respondents were top-level managers of Georgian based manufacturing companies. Research findings are based on hypothesis testing. More specifically stated, it resulted in that there is no strong relationship between strategy implementation effective planning and company outcomes in manufacturing organizations. Strategy planning driven Georgian based manufacturing companies pay less importance to the strategy implementation and effective planning.

Research results are important for the scientists studying the issue of strategic management as well as the managers of manufacturing organizations in Georgia who desire to be successful at the competitive market through the higher degree of planning strategy implementation process. This study will help them to identify and overcome the obstacles in the strategy implementation process.

Keywords: strategy, strategy implementation, strategic managementJEL: D29, L19, L60
A Concept Building Approach to Measure University’s Brand Image
Authors: SAHIN Osman , SHANKAR SINGH Uma
Published: March 2023

The study is a conceptual roadmap for the development of the idea to measure the effectiveness of universities stake holders’ person factors and as well as situational ones in brand image building of an academic institution. Customer Relationship Management (CRM), internal marketing, advertising and social media are playing the role of mediating constructs and it is hypothesized that they are much more important in the brand image building process. The study is a deductive research where different concepts are taken to constitute the independent, mediating and dependent construct leading to build a new concept. Brand image has been studied in a different industry. However, the brand image of an academic institution that attracts the students to take the admission with measuring the effect of other components on it, is a different kind of study. This research is in its preliminary phase where it has been checked with literature.Secondary information serves as the base of study. Most of the available literature and theories have been incorporated and explained clearly for the understanding of the thought.Keywords: advertising, brand image, CRM, internal marketing, social mediaJEL: M31, M37
Different Scenarios of Investments in Georgia’s Energy Sector
Authors: GAGNIDZE Avtandil , GVAZAVA Giorgi
Published: March 2023

Various types of recent research point out the fact that Georgia’s energy sector (and  in particular hydro energy sector) is one of the most attractive ones when it comes to investment opportunities. Hydro power remains the cheapest and the most “ecofriendly” source of power for Georgia. An essential part of Georgia’s hydro energy potential is still untapped (in fact, the current electricity generation represents just about 40% of Georgia’s estimated annual hydropower output potential). Currently, Ministry of Energy of Georgia has more than 60 HPP projects available for investment. For every potential investor, it is of vital importance to have general knowledge about what to expect from the desired sector, what the risks that could hurt the success of the investment are and if the expected rate of return equals or exceeds his or her required rate of return. This article is based on our previous article and develops three different scenarios forinvestment opportunities in Georgia’s Hydro Energy sector. For all three scenarios expectations are evaluated and sensitivity analysis is provided.Keywords: energy sector, investment, hydro energyJEL: G17
Examining the Reasons for the Lack of Control of Iran’s Central Bank on the Monetary Base and Volume of Money (Case Study of First and Second Development Plans)
Authors: KHODAEI Reza
Published: March 2023

This paper presents effects of inappropriate monetary policy and the reasons that led to such policies. In Iran after the Islamic Revolution the Bankruptcy Banking Act was passed. As explained in this paper, the law does not provide the necessary tools for applying monetary policy to the central bank. due to the lack of control of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the foreign exchange and budget developments of the country, its role in controlling the volume of money in Iran is very limited. Therefore, the government sector (with full authority over foreign currency decisions, oil exports rate and the country’s budget) is only the competent authority to control the volume of money in Iran, which means that the government can make reasonable growth and balanced Monetary Base and as a result, the volume of money in the economy by choosing appropriate currency and budget policies.Keywords: monetary base, money multiplier, volume of moneyJEL: E52, E43
Gender Differences and Discrimination in Business Communication
Authors: ZUPAN MILKOVIC Zdenka , BAKIC-TOMIC Ljubica
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses gender differences in business communication. Women and men learn different styles of communication and different patterns of behaviour. Their attitudes toward the business world are different. The asymmetry of gender is usual in the language: when you say a man it is most often thought of man. The data from 2014, the Ombudsman for Gender Equality in Progress project, clearly illustrate that in the governing bodies of companies in Croatia is 82.68% of men versus 17.32% women. Gender structure in the supervisory boards of the Republic of Croatia is 78.31% of men versus 21.69% of women. We still have the management structure and the body usually reserved for men. It was also found that women are paid 10% less in the samejob than men.At the end of 2016 an online poll was conducted on a sample of employees in the Zagreb County. The study included 140 patients (70 men and 70 women). The results show some interesting attitudes about gender differences in business communication. The results are presented and discussed in this paper and show significant and interesting differences in terms of business relationships and communication within them.Keywords: business communication, gender differences, gender discrimination, man,womanJEL: M19
New Dimensions of the Contemporary International Business and Economic Relations in the World Politics
Authors: BERUASHVILI Natalia , CHITADZE Nika
Published: March 2023

The paper explores the main aspects of the influence of international business and economy on world politics, main processes which are going on related to globalization, international trade, functioning of leading international economic and finance institutions, transnational corporations, etc. which effect contemporary world political order. Furthermore, points of views of leading political analysts and economists are analyzed the in the field of political economy, political science and international relations.
What can be Effective Marketing Strategy for the Medical Clinic in Tbilisi?
Authors: DJAKELI Kakhaber
Published: March 2023

In Tbilisi already, there are more than 200 medical clinics. Some of them have a narrow specialization, such as dermatology. Others are multiservice medical companies, established as Limited Liability Enterprises. These clinics have either very low or no awareness at all in the mind of their patients. They need to improve their competitiveness. For this reason, they need effective marketing strategies and communications. As usual, IMC drives brands and positions them in the mind of their prospective consumers. “This brand knowledge affects how consumers respond to products, prices, communications, channels and other marketing activity – increasing or decreasing the brand value in the process” (Keller, 2003). At the Georgian – European Marketing Association, marketers work to analyze the situation about the medical service market in the capital of Georgia and the model of effective IMC. NMedi club is a small but multiservice medical clinic, established at the end of 2018. They have a lot of obstacles that can be overcome by extensive use of marketing. The main problem of this company is improper strategic marketing and low level of awareness in the mind of customers. To fully understand marketing problems of this clinic, at Georgian – European Marketing Association, Professor Kakhaber Djakeli and his assistants made the marketing research divided into 2 main stages: a. the survey among customers of the clinic to understand the level of their satisfaction and b. the survey among medical staff of the company to know more about their vision and goals. Almost 200 target customers were asked. The doctors and physicians participated in the expert survey. After the marketing research the answers were analyzed and the model of marketing strategy was established as a practical result of the study.
The Role of Water in Contemporary International Political and Business Relations
Authors: CHITADZE Nika
Published: March 2023

This research aims to give an overview of the role of water resources in the world and make analysis of main problems – social,economic, demographic, etc. which may arise in international business and international relations in case of the deficit of waterresources. It also intends to analyze the role of hydro resources during relations among different states of the world in the field ofbusiness and political relations and using political, economic and legal mechanisms which can provide further exploitation of freshwater resources in favor of humanity.Keywords: deficit, hydro potential, international law, international regimes, waterJEL: F5
What Major Product Characteristics of Dry Bulk Cargo Terminal Create Competitive Positioning of Georgian Port industry, the Case Study of Poti and Batumi Ports
Authors: KHVTISIASHVILI Irakli , JOJUA Nino
Published: March 2023

This study aims to identify factors which give the Georgian port industry (particularly, Poti and Batumi ports) a competitive advantagein comparison with such competitive ports as Novorossiysk, Odessa, Bandar Abbas and the Russian railway system that acts as themain rival for the Georgian transportation transit route. The product and value comparison study is based on a multi-level approachwhich allows transferring and using the quantitative and qualitative information gained during the project work for a numericalcalculation/projection model. Research identified key bottlenecks of Georgian Ports and its functional benefits within the core andphysical port infrastructure. Recommended directions in the value creation process is given.Keywords: competitive advantage, differentiation, Georgian port industry, product structure, value creationJEL: L9
Banking Concentration Impact on Market Structure of Post-Soviet Country – Moldova
Authors: BOTSVADZE Ilia
Published: March 2023

The new wave of mergers and acquisitions after the global financial crisis intensified the interest of policy makers and academics inbank concentration and competition and the role of the state in competition policies and regulations (policies and laws that affect themarket structure and degree of competition). It is important to not only make sure that the banking sector is competitive, transparentand efficient but also stable.The purpose of the study was to investigate and analyze the degree of concentration at the Moldovan banking market and itsimpact on competition and market structure of financial markets over the period of 2013-2017. Both structural and non-structuralmeasurement approaches of concentration and competition along with the desk research, a case study and interviews with thefinancial sector professionals and independent expert were employed to address the research purpose.The findings of the study indicate that in the developing country such as Moldova high concentration implies low competition levelsand relationship between concentration and stability seems to be negative, meaning that high concentration results lower stability ofthis banking market. Banks in Moldova have the ability of extracting monopolistic profits from big interest rate spreads by setting lessfavorable prices to customers based on collusive and non-competitive behavior in a highly concentrated market. The competitionlevel and market structure of this country results in high prices of financial product and low access to finance. Moldovan financialmarkets are bank dominated, characterized with a monopolistic banking structure, with leading roles of a few universal profile bankinginstitutions, dominating not only the banking sector but also whole financial market.Keywords: banking, competition, concentration, financial market, stabilityJEL: G1, G2, G21, D4, G14
Priority Directions of Improving the State Policy to Counteract the Shadow Economy in Ukraine
Authors: YAKOVENKO Alla , DZHUMELIA Volodymyr
Published: March 2023

The material of the article reveals the purpose of research in the field of formation and introducing mechanisms of implementation ofthe state policy to counteract the shadow economy in Ukraine. The main result of the researchis the discovery of priority directionsfor the effective development of the modern market economy as the basis of the socio-economic life of the country. The articlereveals strategic directions of the state policy on counteraction to the shadow economy and highlights a set of measures for theirimplementation. In the course of research, the principles of the state policy on counteraction to the shadow economy highlighted,revealed their content and expediency of application. Proposed to create a Shadow Economy Strategy detailing the activities in theShadow Economy Program. The scientific work systematizes and substantiates the complex of proposals for the development ofmeasures of the state program to counteract shadow economy in respective areas and defines tasks and measures that realize thestrategic goal; selected the performers and as a result, the expected results was made. Based on the proposed strategic objectives ofthe program to counteract shadow economy, the work identified problematic issues of violation of existing legislation in various spheresof the economic environment, substantiated directions of increasing the effectiveness of the mechanism of fiscal administration in thecountry, labor legislation, proposed directions for improving the development of innovations. The suggested system of analysis of theeffectiveness of the mechanism of implementation of the state policy to counteract the shadow economy.Keywords: corruption, mechanisms of market economy, shadow economy, socio-economic development, state policy, tax systemJEL: D73, O17
The Role of Biggest Companies in International Business Relations and Resolving the Global Problems
Authors: Chitadze Nika
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses the significant features of the biggest companies, first of all transnational corporations (TNCs) in international business. In this regard, the significant attention is paid to the financial resources of leading TNC-s, which prevails the volume of GDP of many countries of the world, including economically developed states. This comparative analysis of the finance resources of the leading companies and the states is presented in this research. Furthermore, important attention is also focused on the role of the leading companies in the resolution of global problems, first of all in the field of environmental protection. In general, it is necessary to understand the definition of TNCs in order to better know their role and functions in the framework of a globally integrated system. Transnational corporations are the main players of the world economics and international business. On one hand the globalization and regionalization create a very good condition for development of TNCs, on the other hand firms reinforce these processes by their export and foreign direct investment.
Trade Restriction and its Implications on Domestic Production of Rice in Nigeria
Authors: SALIK Ahmed Muhammed , ARAS Osman Nuri
Published: March 2023

This study ascertained whether rice trade restriction policies embarked upon by Nigerian government between 2007 and 2019 as a way of boosting domestic rice production has any empirical justification. To achieve this objective, the study utilised time series data on domestic rice production (DP), border closure (BC), Rice import tariff (Tariff), Volume of rice imported (Imp) and Food price deflator for crop production sub-sector (Def). These data were analysed using descriptive and bivariate tools as well as the OLS regression models. The study found that trade restriction (proxied rice import tariff and border closure) alone was not effective in stimulating domestic rice production. A combination of other non-trade factors (e.g. measures to enhance local productive) also matter.
The Mediation of Job Satisfaction Between Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Commitment
Authors: AKKOCA Yusuf
Published: March 2023

Organizations try to maximize employees’ performance. This is only possible if the employees are committed to the organization. The commitment of employees to the organization depends on their satisfaction with their jobs. It was called that the effect of perceived organizational support on organizational commitment and job satisfaction is well deserved to be studied. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment and job satisfaction was examined, and whether job satisfaction mediated the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment was tested. The necessary ethics committee permission was obtained for the application of the questionnaire to the faculty members working at the university. Analysis has been done by using bootstrap method. In the study conducted on 240 academic staff working at Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between perceived organizational support and job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In addition, it was found that job satisfaction mediated the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment. All hypotheses developed within the scope of the research were supported.
IRAN: PROBLEMS AND PROTESTS
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Dunaeva Elena , Mamedova Nina ,   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Sazhin Vladimir ,   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW)
Published: March 2023

This paper analyzes the causes, course, driving forces, modus operandi, and goals of the September-November 2022 protest movement in Iran following the death of a girl detained by the patrol guidance police for wearing an inappropriate hijab. A comparison is made between the ongoing protests and the opposition movements of previous years. The article begins with a brief analysis of the economic situation in the country during the first year of President Raisi's government, and reveals the main problems of economic development. The authors proceed from the fact that the economic crisis as a result of the imposition of sanctions has not been overcome, despite the positive growth of the country's GDP in the last two years. The problems in the social and cultural sphere are exacerbated as a result of generational changes, and the limitations of political life as a result of the consolidation of power in the hands of radical conservative forces. Their attempts to increase control over the observance of Islamic norms of dress and behavior, bans on cultural events lead to increased discontent in Iranian society. Young generations are actively fighting for freedom of choice and the right to make their own decisions. Society's conflict potential is increasing, which threatens the existence of the Islamic Republic. The government's efforts to suppress the movements by force do not lead to their extinguishment, and the forms of protest are changing. While radical forces call for harsher reprisals against protesters, many politicians of both moderate conservative and liberal orientations call for public dialogue and reforms in order to solve the most serious problems and preserve the Islamic regime.
ILLEGAL DRUG TRADE IN PAKISTAN-AFGHAN RELATIONS (SINCE THE END OF THE 20th CENTURY — PRESENT)
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Mitrofanenkova Olga
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the role of illegal drug trafficking in Pakistani-Afghan relations. The author explores the emergence and development of drug production in the zone of Pashtun tribes on the Afghan-Pakistani border. Attention is also paid to drug production in Pakistan in the 1980s. In the 21st century Pakistan is a part of two Afghan drug-trafficking routes (the Balkan Route and the Southern Route), allowing illegal drug shipments to Europe, Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania, as well as to North America.
THE AFGHAN ISSUE IN PAKISTAN'S RELATIONS WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
Authors:   MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia, Chekalin Sergey
Published: March 2023

. The article analyzes the development and active implementation of Pakistan's policy of internationalization of the Afghan issue since the outbreak of the armed conflict in Afghanistan in the late 1970s. The author proves that the Afghan conflict has always been one of the pivotal factors for Pakistan in building its relations with the international community. In order to receive significant amounts of financial and military assistance, Pakistan sought to position itself as a frontline state. Since the late 2000s Pakistan has instrumentalized the Afghan issue to diversify its international relations searching for partners from the neighboring regions as a counterweight to the USA. The author examines the features and effectiveness of Pakistan's participation in various multilateral forums concerning the Afghan issue to some extent. The article emphasizes the essential infrastructure projects that will connect South and Central Asia, as well as potentially have a positive impact on the Pakistani economy. The article especially focuses on the Afghan issue as a part of Pakistan's foreign policy strategy since the Taliban's coming to power in Afghanistan in 2021. In this regard, Pakistan's key strategic documents, statements by Pakistani officials, and international community's expectations from the Pakistani authorities are analyzed. Based on this, it is predicted that Pakistan has to harmonize its position with the global and regional powers for a number of reasons and does not appear to be the first to recognize the Taliban government of Afghanistan. The author comes to the conclusion that Pakistan's correct approach towards the Afghan issue will contribute to its rise, above all, in the regional subsystem of international relations as a constructive actor and boost its socio-economic development.
Correlation of Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein with LH, FSH and Testosterone in Iraqi Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Hasan Athraa F. , Hassan Bushra F. , AL-SAMERAIE ABDILKAREEM Y.
Published: March 2023

Insulin like growth factor-1 has metabolic and growth-related roles all over the body and is strongly associated and regulated by growth hormone. It is produced by almost any type of tissue, especially the liver. The study aimed to measure insulin like growth factor in growth hormone deficient patients and find its relation with other studied parameters. The Subjects in the study were 180 studied in the National Diabetic Center for Treatment and Research/Al-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad/Iraq for the period from November 2021 to April 2022. Blood was drawn and investigated for the levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, LH, and FSH. Also testosterone and statistical analysis was carried out to find the potential correlations. The results relived that the gender was not affect the levels of either parameter, IGF-1 was found to be positively correlated with age, BMI, and IGFBP-3. While IGFBP-3 was found to be positively correlated with the levels of IGF-1, LH, FSH and testosterone. From the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the levels of GH as well as the levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, have significant difference between the NGHD and the patients’ group.
A Review on Models for Evaluating Rock Petrophysical Properties
Authors: A. Mahdi Zahraa , Farman Ghanim M.
Published: March 2023

The evaluation of subsurface formations as applied to oil well drilling started around 50 years ago. Generally, the curent review articule includes all methods for coring, logging, testing, and sampling. Also the methods for deciphering logs and laboratory tests that are relevant to assessing formations beneath the surface, including a look at the fluids they contain are discussed. Casing is occasionally set in order to more precisely evaluate the formations; as a result, this procedure is also taken into account while evaluating the formations. The petrophysics of reservoir rocks is the branch of science interested in studying chemical and physical properties of permeable media and the components of reservoir rocks which are associated with the pore and fluid distribution. Throughout recent years, several studies have been conducted on rock properties, such as porosity, permeability, capillary pressure, hydrocarbon saturation, fluid properties, electrical resistivity, self-or natural-potential, and radioactivity of different types of rocks. These properties and their relationships are used to evaluate the presence or absence of commercial quantities of hydrocarbons in formations penetrated by, or lying near, the wellbore. A principal purpose of this paper is to review the history of development the most common techniques used to calculate petrophysics properties in the laboratory and field based primarily on the researchers and scientists own experience in this field.
Asphaltene Precipitation Investigation Using a Screening Techniques for Crude Oil Sample from the Nahr-Umr Formation/Halfaya Oil Field
Authors: A. Ahmed Moammed , H. Abdul-Majeed Ghassan , K. Alhuraishawy Ali
Published: March 2023

Many oil and gas processes, including oil recovery, oil transportation, and petroleum processing, are negatively impacted by the precipitation and deposition of asphaltene. Screening methods for determining the stability of asphaltenes in crude oil have been developed due to the high cost of remediating asphaltene deposition in crude oil production and processing. The colloidal instability index, the Asphaltene-resin ratio, the De Boer plot, and the modified colloidal instability index were used to predict the stability of asphaltene in crude oil in this study. The screening approaches were investigated in detail, as done for the experimental results obtained from them. The factors regulating the asphaltene precipitation are different from one well to another, from the high-pressure-temperature reservoir to surface conditions. All these factors must be investigated on a case-by-case basis. Because the Halfaya oil field is still developing its petroleum sector, modelling, and forecasting the phase behavior and asphaltene precipitation is crucial. This work used crude oil bottom hole samples with an API of equal to 27 from a well in the Halfaya oil field/Nahr-Umr formation to create a thermodynamic model using Multiflash software. The data included the compositional analysis, the PVT data, and reservoir conditions. The thermodynamic model of asphaltene phase behavior was proposed using the Cubic-Plus association equation of state. All the screening techniques' results revealed the presence of an asphaltene precipitation issue (asphaltene unstable), which was confirmed by a thermodynamic fluid model. The aim of this paper is to predict the problem of asphaltene precipitation so that future proactive remedial methods can be developed to decrease the time and expense associated with it.
Electrosorption of Hexavalent Chromium Ions by MnO2/Carbon Fiber Composite Electrode: Analysis and Optimization of the Process by Box-Behnken Design
Authors: M. Issa Zainab , H. Salman Rasha , Basavaraj Bhagawati Prashant
Published: March 2023

A nano manganese dioxide (MnO2) was electrodeposited galvanostatically onto a carbon fiber (CF) surface using the simple method of anodic electrodeposition. The composite electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Very few studies investigated the efficiency of this electrode for heavy metals removal, especially chromium. The electrosorption properties of the nano MnO2/CF electrode were examined by removing Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. NaCl concentration, pH, and cell voltage were studied and optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BDD) to investigate their effects and interactions on the electrosorption process. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the removal of Cr(VI) ions were a cell voltage of 4.6 V, pH of 2 and NaCl concentration of 1.5 g/L. This work indicated that MnO2/CF electrode was highly effective in removing Cr(VI) ions and the BBD approach was a feasible and functional method for evaluating the experimental data.
Unleashing the potential of agricultural extension workers in Luwu Regency, Indonesia: an analysis of the role of personal factors, motivation, and competence in enhancing performance
Authors: Hasmita Hasmita , Zainal M , Haliq Ade Irma Surani
Published: March 2023

As agricultural development agents, agricultural extension workers play an essential role in empowering farmers. Improving the quality of extension workers is necessary to ensure that their performance is beneficial, especially for assisted farmers. This study aimed to analyze the influence of personal factors, motivation, and competence on the performance of agricultural extension workers in the Luwu Regency. The research employed quantitative methods with a survey approach. The study was conducted in six districts of Luwu Regency, including Belopa, Suli, Bajo, Kamanre, West Bajo, and Latimojong, from October to November 2022. A census technique was used to sample all populations, resulting in a sample of 53 agricultural extension workers. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires containing questions about research changes. The results revealed that agricultural extension workers in Luwu Regency were generally young and possessed high competence, which was dominated by the motivation for the need for power. The motivational factor of extension workers in Luwu Regency was a dominant aspect that significantly influenced the performance of extension workers. Meanwhile, the competence factor of agricultural extension workers, reflected by intellectual and social competence, had a real effect on the performance of extension workers, especially in evaluating agricultural extension.
АНАЛІЗ ДИСКРИПТОРІВ ВПЛИВУ СУЧАСНИХ АГРОФОРМУВАНЬ УКРАЇНИ НА РОЗВИТОК СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ
Authors: Ставнічук Віталій
Published: March 2023

У статті визначено сутність критеріїв впливу на діяльності сучасного агроформування в Україні на рівень розвитку сільських територій, здатних ефективно функціонувати в нових умовах.

Основою дослідження стали теоретичні положення щодо розвитку сільськогосподарських підприємств у сучасних умовах та їх вплив на процес удосконалення нормативно-правової бази модернізації економічного розвитку на селі. Для досягнення мети використано сучасні загальноприйняті науково-дослідницькі методи. Зокрема, методом системного аналізу діагностовано фінансовий стан сільської місцевості, на який впливає діяльність сучасних сільськогосподарських організацій, які є основними бенефіціарами сільського бюджету. Крім того, математико-статистичні методи дозволили виявити динаміку розвитку сільської місцевості до стану агрокультури в цілому та формування сільського господарства зокрема.

Дослідження показали, що бюджетна децентралізація значно вплинула на рівень розвитку сільської місцевості, а сучасні аграрні структури не отримали мотиваційного джерела для зміцнення економічного фундаменту. Запровадження стратегії розвитку села шляхом зміцнення фінансової бази дає можливість переходу до сталого функціонування сільської території.
PARTNERSHIP AS A SPECIFIC FORM OF BUSINESS INTEGRATION
Authors: Kosach Iryna , Ladonko Liudmila , Mykhailovska Olena , Filipova Nataliia
Published: March 2023

The article defines the content of current views on business integration. The goal of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of formation integrated business structures, based on partner integration model of interaction. Integration is considered as an integrated structure or set of enterprises) functioning as a uniform system and have a common objective of management and are able to win and hold a considerable share of the market and thus provides the increasing of revenue and improvement financial stability of the structure. The role of integrated business structures based on the market principles of management in modern economic conditions in connection with implementation of public sector regulation is increasing. The question of determining the nature of integration interaction during formation of integrated business structures, taking into account current market realities, is considered. The integration processes increase the confidence among economic agents which take part in a one living space and share by relevant information. Partnership is defined as documentary issued cooperation of participants, which is formed for achievement of a common goal, by combining resources and efforts in the conditions of information openness, also it is a specific form of interaction can be created as one investment project and a prospect by conclusion of the partnership agreements, gradually forming a complete integration of the participants. Theoretical aspects of integrated business structures based on a partnership model of interaction and the relevance of the partnership as a specific form of business integration are proved. The levels of partnership are introduced. The first level - Partnership is a form of business organization registered more natural or legal persons, the second - a form of cooperation mostly legal entities, not enshrined in the statutes, but actually supported. Integration and partnership aren’t synonyms despite their relationship and interrelation of concepts. As a generalization of different views it is possible to claim that integration is a voluntary association of two or more earlier independent subjects of business by establishment between them the various types and forms relations for achievement of multiple goals by cooperation of each the united subjects.