bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China’s Engagement with DRC’s Critical Minerals Sector: Extractivism, Developmentalism, and the Quest for a Just Transition
Authors: Shen Wei , Fu Chuchu
Published: August 2024

This Working Paper explores the multifaceted Chinese engagement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's (DRC) copper and cobalt mining sector. We identified two distinctive approaches for such engagement: one led by central state-owned enterprises (CSOEs) and state-backed policy financial institutions (S-PFIs), and the other by a mix of public and private Chinese companies. The paper argues that while the former approach is embedded with a developmentalist ideology by aiming to utilise resource income to promote infrastructure development, the latter follows a typical extractivist logic of profit maximisation via mineral exports. It suggests that the developmentalist and extractivist approaches have generated significant socio-economic impacts on DRC's development trajectory at the national and local levels. Both pathways also face distinctive challenges in the context of regime and policy changes in DRC in recent years. Therefore, the quest for a just transition in DRC’s mining sector warrants a better understanding of different models of Chinese engagement in this critical sector at a rather distinctive historical juncture.
Climate Change and Tobacco Cultivation
Authors: Cheeseman Kathryn
Published: August 2024

The rapid evidence review titled "Climate Change and Tobacco Cultivation" examines the impacts of climate change on tobacco farming, control, and governance. It highlights the environmental damage caused by tobacco cultivation, such as deforestation and soil degradation. Limited data on tobacco manufacturing's environmental impact hampers effective regulation. The review notes tobacco's high water and nutrient demands and vulnerability to climate variability. It highlights calls within the literature for improved oversight and highlights the shift of tobacco cultivation to low-income countries with weaker regulations.
ANÁLISE SOBRE ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA PARA SURDOS: UM ESTUDO EM DOIS MUNICÍPIOS FLUMINENSES
Authors: Ferreira de Castro Mariana Gonçalves
Published: August 2024

A preocupação sobre o ensino da Língua Portuguesa para surdos permeou a história com diferentes interfaces  e concepções. Como uma forma de apresentar proposições sobre o tema, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral  descrever e analisar as práticas pedagógicas bilíngues utilizadas para ensinar Língua Portuguesa para surdos,  em turmas bilíngues inclusivas, no 6º ano do ensino fundamental II, nas escolas-polo bilíngues do Rio de Janeiro  e de Duque de Caxias. Os objetivos específicos são: demonstrar práticas pedagógicas bilíngues de ensino de  Língua Portuguesa para surdos realizadas em turmas bilíngues inclusivas de alunos surdos de escolas-polo dos  municípios pesquisados e destacar elementos que favorecem ou não a aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa. A base conceitual escolhida como referência da pesquisa pauta-se na teoria histórico-cultural, uma vez que, por  meio dela, compreendem-se as relações que envolvem o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem humana (VYGOTSKY, [1929]1989; [1931]1939; [1924]1939; [1929]2000; 2010; 2012).Também se aproxima de autores que seguem a  visão sociointeracionista de ensino de segunda língua (CASTRO; SANTOS, 2018; KELMAN, 2005, 2010, 2011,  2015, 2019; KELMAN; AMORIM; MONTEIRO, 2011; KELMAN; BRANCO, 2003, 2005; KELMAN; BRITO, 2018; LACERDA, 2014; LEBEDEFF, 2017; NAVEGANTES; KELMAN; IVENICKI, 2016; NEVES; QUADROS, 2018; QUADROS, 2019;  dentre outros). A realização desta investigação baseia-se em uma metodologia de abordagem qualitativa (BAUER; GASKELL,  2003) na matriz histórico-cultural com viés multicultural, do tipo estudo de caso (GIL, 2008). A análise dos dados foi realizada na perspectiva microgenética. Observamos que as escolas pesquisadas não possuem uma metodologia específica para o ensino  de Língua Portuguesa para surdos como segunda língua. Porém, a forma como as professoras, as Tradutoras Intérpretes de  Língua de Sinais e Língua Portuguesa (TILSPs) e os alunos surdos e ouvintes medeiam o conhecimento da Língua Portuguesa,  utilizando artefatos da metacognição ou da comunicação inter/multimodal (KELMAN, 2015), faz a diferença positivamente no ensino e na aprendizagem dos alunos surdos. A Libras é a língua mais indicada para esta mediação. Enfim, consideramos que a  qualidade da mediação semiótica utilizada pelos professores, TILSPs e alunos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos surdos  traz resultados positivos sobre a aprendizagem em Língua Portuguesa e sobre seu próprio desenvolvimento. As professoras, as  TILSPs e os alunos ouvintes e surdos agem como mediadores e estimuladores da aprendizagem e, no ambiente da sala de aula, prezam a construção coletiva do conhecimento e valorizam o saber de todos.
ENSINO DE QUÍMICA PARA ESTUDANTES SURDOS:NARRATIVAS DOCENTES A PARTIR DO USO DOSINALIZANDO QUÍMICA (SINQUI)
Authors: Magro Dionysio Luis Gustavo , Saldanha Joana Correia , Vasconcellos Cirlene Moreira
Published: August 2024

As pesquisas teóricas e práxis educacionais envolvendo sujeitos surdos vêm gradativamente ganhando espaço no cenário educacional. A disciplina Química, quando apresentada de forma descontextualizada, geralmente traz dificuldades na aquisição de saberes pelos discentes e, dentro do cenário surdo, a questão torna-se mais complexa, devido à restrição linguística a que esses sujeitos se encontram em uma sociedade prioritariamente ouvinte. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a ferramenta digital Sinalizando Química – SinQui, destacar suas potencialidades e como ela é utilizada pela equipe de professores de Química do Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos – INES. Essa ferramenta foi pensada e desenvolvida no Instituto por professores ouvintes e surdos. O SinQui apresenta conceitos da terminologia química em Língua Brasileira de Sinais - Libras através de vídeos, não apenas apresentando os sinais, mas também as explicações de cada conceito, além disso, o material é ilustrado e apresenta legendas em Língua Portuguesa.
ASSESSORIA LINGUÍSTICA: O LADO PEDAGÓGICODO PROFISSIONAL TRADUTOR-INTÉRPRETEDE LIBRAS
Authors: Pereira Adriana Gomes , Flores Ana Cristina de Souza , T. dos Santos Débora Cristina , Campos Aline , Eduardo da Silva e Silva  , Érica Cristina da S. e Silva  , Lorena Sousa dos Santos
Published: August 2024

O artigo visa tratar sobre o serviço de consultoria linguística, ofertado pelos tradutores-intérpretes de Língua Brasileira de Sinais e Língua Portuguesa, lotados do Departamento de Educação Básica - DEBASI aos professores do segundo segmento do Colégio de Aplicação Cap-INES e a relevância deste atendimento para a prática docente em uma interlocução direta, compreendendo aspectos linguísticos, culturais e identitários. Também tem o objetivo de ressaltar o diferencial que o suporte de consultoria proporciona ao seu público-alvo, sobre a perspectiva do vínculo e autonomia com seu alunado. O docente, ao recorrer ao serviço de consultoria, busca estratégias e soluções para conduzir seu discurso, seu trabalho sem a intervenção do mediador linguístico, a fim de atrair seu público, o alunado, para que haja o relacionamento, a troca, o diálogo, a alteridade e o conforto linguístico, culminando em um trabalho conjunto entre os dois, que gere o produto final: a troca dos saberes entre ambas as partes.
A teoria de redes de Mark Granovetter e o debate sobre o fenômeno migratório
Authors: Mendes Larissa Zanela , Mueller Airton Adelar
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo faz um ensaio teórico sobre movimentos migratórios a partir da Teoria de Redes Sociais de Mark Granovetter. Dentre os estudos do autor, teoria da imersão e a força dos laços fracos são o aporte teórico escolhido para a discussão. O objetivo é buscar entender como as redes sociais podem influenciar na tomada de decisão e no processo de migração dos indivíduos. Indo mais além, intenta-se mostrar que essa teoria também pode ser utilizada para compreender o fenômeno migratório em sentido mais amplo, percebendo as migrações internas, tendo em vista que a literatura se debruça primordialmente sobre a escala internacional. Pautada pela metodologia qualitativa, com método descritivo associado a uma pesquisa bibliográfica, pode-se verificar a relevância dos estudos de Granovetter sobre redes para os estudos migratórios, contrapondo-se às teorias neoclássicas e estruturalistas no sentido de que os sujeitos não são atomizados, isto é, a tomada de decisão leva em consideração a aprovação do círculo mais próximo. Além disso, dispõem de uma rede de contatos com outros emigrantes, e é primordialmente por meio destes que ocorre a disseminação das informações que o indivíduo precisa para o movimento, fazendo com que ele se autoperpetue.
Avaliação da Percepção Médica sobre o Cuidar/Curar para a Saúde Psicossomática
Authors: Ceron Gabriela Garcia , Àvila Lazslo Antônio , Camargos Gláucio Silva
Published: August 2024

A conexão entre a Psicanálise e a Medicina Psicossomática preconiza uma assistência médica de qualidade com vistas à saúde integral do indivíduo. Objetivos: Investigar a perspectiva de médicos quanto aos fatores que influenciam o conceito de saúde psicossomática e se a psicanálise contribui com a medicina. Método: Realizamos um estudo exploratório,  descritivo e transversal, com análise qualitativa, por meio de questionários estruturados. Trinta e um médicos de diversas especialidades, do setor público e privado do Estado de São Paulo, participaram do estudo. Os questionários foram enviados e devolvidos por correio eletrônico no período de maio a novembro de 2017. Foram analisados com base na reunião dos dados, de modo a se ter uma descrição geral da amostra. Resultados: Dentre os 31 participantes, pudemos observar diversas especialidades, e a predominante foi a Psiquiatria, seguida de Clínica Médica e Cardiologia, representados em porcentagem. A maior parte dos entrevistados apresentou participação na disciplina de Psicologia Médica durante a sua formação e considera as premissas da psicossomática essenciais para compreender o ser humano de maneira biopsicossocial e desenvolver um elo médico-paciente adequado. Conclusão: Na perspectiva dos entrevistados, os fatores biopsicossociais são vistos como influenciadores na prática médica, independentemente da especialidade. A psicossomática foi considerada noção basal para exercício da medicina.
High performance of straight and U-shaped probe microfiber sensors for sucrose solution detection applications
Authors: Apsari Retna , Zulkarnaen M , Na'imah Syahidatun , Trilaksana Herri , Yasin M , W. Harun Sulaiman
Published: August 2024

A low cost, highly sensitive sensor with easy fabrication has been successfully developed to detect variations in the concentration of sucrose solutions using a microfiber probe sensor. The microfiber probe was fabricated using a flame brushing mixture of butane and oxygen with single-mode optical fiber material and pulled on both sides to achieve a size of 16.48 µm. These microfiber probes were characterized into two sensor probe shapes: straight and u-shaped, to measure variations in the sucrose solution concentration. The results for both probe shapes showed a decrease in peak output intensity and a shift in peak wavelength as the sucrose concentration increased from 0.5% to 3%. The straight shape exhibited a sensitivity of 0.241 dBm/% with a slope linearity of 99.5% and a resolution of 0.0415%, while the U-shape had a sensitivity of 2.692 dBm/% with a slope linearity of 90.6% and a resolution of 0.0030%. The measurement spectra results indicated significant differences in u-shape at each concentration. In conclusion, both microfiber sensor probe shapes exhibited excellent performance and are suitable for use as chemical sensors to measure variations in solutions.
THE DETECTOR METHODS OF COLOR CHANGING TO NON-INVASIVE AND ECONOMICAL NANOFILLER COMPOSITE RESIN BASED ON OPTICAL IMAGING
Authors: Apsari Retna , Yhun Yhuana Yhosep Gita , Listya Rhomdoni Ardan , Na'imah Syahidatun , Constella Anastasya Firdauz Grace
Published: August 2024

It has been developed the detector method of color changing to non-invasive and economical nanofiller composite resin based on optical imaging. The method is chosen due to the easiness of information in images form to be understood. The color changing is represented by the changing of brightness intensity laser which transmitted by samples. The light source uses green pointer laser with 532 nm of wavelength of and webcam sensor which can be obtained in the local market. Fraunhofer diffraction principle is used to utilize set up and test material treatment. By utilizing IC LM 317, it is made a series of regulators so that the laser pointer can be the input voltage from voltage source (AC). The light source of laser pointer is exposed to the test materials for detecting the intensity of transmission. Samples are made as thin as possible in order to transmit light and are given treatment in form of immersion in tea and coffee solution. Immersion is done for 1 week for 4 hours per day. The transmission intensity of samples captured by webcam and processed using the Delphi program. The data collections in form of transmission intensity are in pixel scale. The results indicate that the longer time immersion used affect the transmission intensity of samples decrease. These results can be seen from graph of the relation between transmission intensity with longer time of immersion. This detector can be used to help characterization of color's stability determination on the material which is portable gear.
OPTIMAL CONTROL DESIGN FOR FREQUENCY REGULATION IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM WITH LOW INERTIA
Authors: Pakpahan Adrian Jonathan , Herlambang Setiadi
Published: August 2024

Electricity is a very important element in this era because almost all aspects of modern life depend on electricity. Therefore, electricity plays a very important role in improving people's quality of life and maintaining an efficient and productive life. An efficient and reliable electrical system is essential to ensure adequate electricity availability and maintain system reliability. Therefore, planning, designing and operating electrical systems must be carried out carefully to ensure stability, reliability and efficiency. However, a decrease in frequency in the electrical system sometimes occurs when there is a sudden change in load. This can affect system stability. Therefore, Load Frequency Control (LFC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) analysis is needed to maintain the stability of the electrical system frequency. The combination of these two techniques, namely LFC with LQR modeling, provides a better solution for maintaining frequency stability and optimizing electrical system performance. LFC analysis regulates power generation settings automatically to compensate for fluctuations in load demand and maintain a stable frequency, while LQR is a control technique used to minimize system errors and optimize system performance. Therefore, LFC with LQR results in system performance increasing very significantly with a faster response, undershoot that can be reduced to 0.001 and a better settling time of 300s in area-1 and 450s in area-2 and rise time reaching 270s in area-1 and 405s in area-2 as well as the use of LQR can maintain the system frequency at its nominal limit and the presence of New Renewable Energy (EBT) has an effect in the form of a greater undershoot level than without EBT.
Forging Futures: The Role of Education in Shaping the Chinese Elite in Surabaya (1880s-1942)
Authors: Rahayu Shinta Devi Ika Santhi , Sulistiyono Singgih Tri , Pugu Dhanang Respati , Alamsyah Alamsyah
Published: August 2024

This article delves into the crucial role of education in the formation of the Chinese elite in Surabaya from the 1880s to 1942. Education held immense significance within the Chinese community, serving not only as a vehicle for cultural preservation but also as a means of instilling a spirit of equality, positioning education as an integral component of the emancipation movement. The success of Chinese community education is evidenced by the emergence of a cadre of Chinese elites poised to effect transformative changes within their community. Consequently, this article seeks to explain the role of the elite in steering educational objectives to align with contemporary progress and the evolving needs of the Chinese generation. Employing historical methods, the research highlights that the educational pursuits of the Chinese community bore fruit in the form of diverse elite groups. The varied Chinese elite groups that surfaced from the late 19th century to 1942 significantly contributed to the unique narrative of Surabaya's history. Their contributions include catalyzing the Indonesian national spirit and addressing health and education challenges.
Kodokushi as the Impact of Juggernaut of Modernity in Japanese Hyper-Aging Era
Authors: Elsy Putri , Wirawan I. B. , Saptandari Pinky
Published: August 2024

This article aims to describe the phenomenon of kodokushi (lonely death) among the elderly in Japan’s hyper-aging society as a negative impact of modernity. The research is analyzed through Anthony Giddens’ juggernaut of modernity perspective. The juggernaut is a walking machine (giant panzer) with extraordinary power, which we can steer to a certain extent but is also likely to lose control and tear itself to pieces. The results show that the phenomenon of lonely death (kodokushi) in the elderly reflects the uncontrollable juggernaut of modernity. Changes in family structure, the decline in birth rates, and cultural values that Japanese people hold cause kodokushi to remain high in Japan, especially among the elderly. Elderly people who live alone without traditional family or community ties live in social isolation. In the context of Giddens' Juggernaut of Modernity, the juggernaut has lost control. The phenomenon of kodokushi reflects complex challenges. Many older people experience isolation and loneliness due to a lack of strong social ties. Culturally, the ingrained culture of not wanting to inconvenience others (meiwaku wo kakutakunai) in Japanese society is a barrier to overcoming kodokushi. Addressing this phenomenon requires holistic efforts from the government, social institutions, and society. Although efforts to overcome kodokushi have been made, understanding and dealing with these complexities is crucial in Japan's hyper-aging society.
Cultural Recontestation of Chinese Ethnicity in Surakarta City During the Reformation Era
Authors: Alam M. Bagus Sekar , Rudiansyah  , Lianisyah Ulfah Yanuar , Sugiarti Tati
Published: August 2024

One of the assimilation policy implementations during the New Order era was prohibiting the display of Chinese traditions and culture in public. This discriminatory policy ended in the Abdurahman Wahid Presidential era, marked by the revocation of Presidential Instruction No. 14 of 1967 through Presidential Decree No. 6 of 2000. The Chinese community regained the rights to publicly practice their religion, traditions and culture. This study investigates the forms of Surakarta Chinese community’s cultural recontestation after this revocation. This study uses historical method. Primary sources include archives of Inpres No. 14 of 1967 and no. 26 of 1998, Kepres No.6 of 2000 and interview data. The results show that after the revocation of Inpres No. 14 of 1967, the Surakarta Chinese community regained the freedom to practice their religion, traditions, and culture in public, such as praying at the temple, holding Grebeg Sudiro Festival during the Chinese New Year, revitalizing Balong Chinatown village while maintaining typical Chinese architecture, increasing the number of temples, and making Kalipepe River Bandar in Balong Chinatown village as a tourist destination. This study concludes that the Chinese community in the reformation era has regained their space for cultural contestation in public.
Closed-Form Solutions for Current Distribution in Ladder-Type Textile Heaters
Authors: Jansen Kaspar
Published: August 2024

Textile heaters are made of knitted conductive yarns integrated into the fabric, making them stretchable, washable, breathable, and suitable for close-to-skin wear. The non-zero resistance in the lead wires, however, causes non-uniform power distribution, presenting a design challenge. To address this, the electrical performance of the heaters is modelled as an n-ladder resistor network. Using the finite difference method, simple, closed-form expressions are derived for networks with the power source connected to input terminals A1B1 and A1Bn, respectively. The results are exact and are used to derive approximations and design criteria. Solutions for ladder networks as presented in this paper apply to a wider class of physical problems, such as irrigation systems, transformer windings, and cooling fins.
Comparison of Parameters of Regression Equations for Estimating the Perceptual Quantity of Pseudo-Haptics
Authors: Matsui Kazuhiro , Kikuchi Iori , Okada Kotaro , Atsuumi Keita , Taniguchi Kazuhiro , Hirai Hiroaki , Nishikawa Atsushi
Published: August 2024

Pseudo-haptics convey force haptics without the use of complex mechanical devices and are being actively researched. However, a regression equation derivation method for estimating the perception produced by pseudo-haptics is yet to be established. In this study, we compared the model parameters (factors) for weightlifting movements, aiming to establish a method for deriving a regression equation to estimate the perception produced by pseudo-haptics. Weight perception produced by pseudo-haptics was determined by changing the control-display (CD) ratio, which is the amount of object movement in virtual reality (display) divided by the amount of object movement in reality (control). The regression equation estimating the perceived weight was derived using factors such as grasping force and electromyogram. The factors used in the derivation were determined based on quality engineering methods, and it was found that factors appropriate for human motor control strategies could be selected. In addition, the investigation provides insights for the realization of applications that can generate continuous pseudo-haptics.
Characterization of Catheter-Type Tactile Sensor Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Film
Authors: Takashima Kazuto , Nagano Souichiro , Watanabe Masahiro , Ishida Kenji
Published: August 2024

To enable quantitative palpation in vivo, we previously developed a catheter-type tactile sensor with an outer diameter of 2 mm composed of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film for minimally invasive surgery. However, our previous studies did not evaluate the effect of the PVDF film shape on the sensor output. In this study, we fabricated three types of prototype sensors with different PVDF film shapes and sizes using a simple cutting method. One of the films had the same shape as that used in one of our previous studies. We also prepared two types of PVDF film with a wide base and a narrow tip because we assumed that the deformation of the sensor gradually decreases from the root to the tip, similar to the first mode of the natural frequency. We evaluated the frequency response of the proposed sensors by vibrating the sensor tip and compared the results with the theoretical values. It was confirmed that the sensor output increased with PVDF film size. Although this tendency was observed for both the measured and theoretical values, the measured values were smaller than the theoretical values. Moreover, the effect of film size was larger than that of film shape. Improvements in the sensor structure and the theoretical equation and better evaluation methods are required in order to optimize the film shape and size.
Automatic Excavation System with Multiple Excavators in the Pneumatic Caisson Method
Authors: Ishikawa Kiichiro , Harada Hiroki , Osaki Hayato , Tsugawa Shingo , Tachibana Shinichi , Fujisawa Hideyuki , Terui Taichi , Nakamura Kiyoshi , Inagawa Yusen
Published: August 2024

In this study, we propose an automated excavation system for pneumatic caisson construction using either a single excavator or multiple excavators. The system divides the work area among the excavators and manages the transition of occupied states in shared areas to reduce the risk of collisions. Additionally, the Laplace potential method is employed for path planning to avoid collisions with equipment inside the caisson. The system also includes a mechanism for disposing of soil outside the caisson by dumping it into an earth bucket. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, verification tests were conducted: one using a single excavator in a narrower-than-usual caisson, and another using two excavators in a test field. These tests demonstrated the method’s effectiveness.
Diversity study of several domesticated rice (local cultivars) cultivated in the middle and south of Iraq using NGS technology
Authors: Ali Raffal-ali , Mohammad Moner Ali
Published: August 2024

نظرًا لأهمية محصول الأرز في العراق ، أجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد أصول الأصناف الرئيسية وفهم العلاقات التطورية بين أصناف الأرز العراقية وغيرها من انواع الأرز الآسيوية التي يمكن أن تكون ذات اهمية كبيرة في تحسين هذا المحصول. تم الحصول على خمسة أنواع من قسم البحوث الزراعية في العراق, ومن بين هذه الاصناف ( العنبر 33 ، دجلة ، غدير ، البركة ، والأرز الأسود) وقد تم تسلسل الحمض النووي الجيني باكملة باستخدام منصات تسلسل الجيل التالي القائمة على  تقنية DNA nanoball (DNB),تم الحصول على تسلسل 26 نوعاً من قاعدة بيانات موارد جينوم  NCBI .اظهر التحليل التطوري بنائاً على البلاستيدة الخضراء الانواع قسمت الى مجاميع وفقاً الى موقعهم الجغرافي  تم تقسيم الأصناف العراقية إلى مجموعتين المجموعة الاولى تحتوي Amber33 و Japonica NC_001320 بينما تحتوي مجموعة ثانية على Dijla و Ghadir و Baraka و Black Rice و Indica NC_008155.
Ephedra intermedia alleviates ethanol-mediated gastric ulcer in rats by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms
Authors: Al-Medhtiy Morteta H. , Mohammed Mohammed T , Raouf Mohammed M. Hussein M. , Al-Qaaneh Ayman M. , Jabbar Ahmed A. j. , Salih Musher Ismael , Hassan Rawaz Rizgar , Hassan Abdullah Othman , Abdulla Mahmood Ameen , Mamand Shilan Farhad , Ameen Marwa M. , Ismail Parween Abdulsamad
Published: August 2024

تم استخدام Ephedra intermedia كعلاج تقليدي لأغراض صحية مختلفة بما في ذلك اضطرابات المعدة. للتحقق من صحة استخدامه التقليدي، قمنا بدراسة السمية الحادة والتأثيرات الوقائية المعدية لمستخلص أوراق Ephedra intermedia (EILE) في إصابة المعدة الناجمة عن الإيثانول في الفئران. تم فصل الفئران سبراغ داولي بشكل عشوائي إلى 5 مجموعات: مجموعة السيطرة الطبيعية (A) ومجموعة الفئران المقرحة (B) تلقت عن طريق الفم 0.5  ٪ كاربوكسي ميثيل السليلوز (CMC)؛ مجموعة (C) الفئران التي تناولت أوميبرازول 20 ملغم/كغم؛ المجموعتين D وE، تناولت الفئران 250 و500 ملغم/كغم من EILE على التوالي. بعد 60 دقيقة، تلقت المجموعات B-E جرعة فموية من الإيثانول المطلق لاحداث قرحة المعدة. وبعد 60 دقيقة أخرى، تم تخدير الفئران والتضحية بها. أظهرت تجربة السمية عدم وجود أي علامات سمية في الجرذان المعرضة لتناول 2 و5 غم / كغم من EILE عن طريق الفم. وكشفت تجربة الوقاية المعدية عن اختراق كبير لأنسجة المعدة في السيطرة على القرحة، كما يتضح من انخفاض محتوى المخاط، وانخفاض درجة الحموضة في المعدة، واخداث تمزقات شديدة في الطبقة المخاطية. اظهرت الفئران التي عولجت بالأوميبرازول أو EILE تأثيرا قليلا جدا من تلف أنسجة المعدة، مما يشير إلى تأثير منخفض بشكل ملحوظ على جروح المعدة بوساطة الإيثانول، كما يتضح من تحسن مخاط المعدة ودرجة الحموضة، وخفض مساحات القرحة، وانخفاض الوذمة، وتسرب الكريات البيض إلى الطبقة تحت المخاطية. في جناسة المعدة، أدى علاج EILE إلى زيادة كبيرة في إنزيمات مضادات الأكسدة (SOD وCAT) وخفض محتوى MDA بشكل ملحوظ. علاوة على ذلك، أظهرت الفئران المعالجة بـ EILE زيادة في التعبير عن صبغة PAS في ظهارة المعدة والغدد القاعدية (القاعدة والرقبة والبرزخ). يمكن أن تعزى التأثيرات الوقائية المعوية لـ Ephedra intermedia إلى زيادتها الإيجابية لعوامل المعدة المختلفة، مما قد يؤكد صحتها كمضاف علاجي مستقبلي لقرحة المعدة بعد التقييم الدوائي.
Vowel Recognition for Rehabilitation Assessment of Speech Disorder Patients via Multi-source Frequency Spectrum Images
Authors: Azhar Nur Syahmina Ahmad , Hashim Nik Mohd Zarifie , Ibrahim Masrullizam Mat , Sulistiyo Mahmud Dwi
Published: August 2024

هناك مجموعة واسعة من الأسباب الطبية لضعف الاتصال ، مثل اضطرابات الكلام ، وفقدان السمع ، وإصابات الدماغ ، والسكتة الدماغية ، والإعاقات الجسدية. نتيجة لذلك ، يمكن أن يؤثر اضطراب التواصل مدى الحياة على التنمية الاجتماعية والعلاقة الشخصية. يمكن أن تستفيد اضطرابات النطق من علاجات النطق المبكرة ؛ ومع ذلك ، لا تزال غالبية مرافق إعادة التأهيل في جميع أنحاء العالم تنفذ هذه العملية يدويًا. من وجهة نظر عالمية ، تم إجراء مجموعة واسعة من الدراسات حول معالجة الكلام لمختلف اللغات البشرية. نظرًا لأن رؤية الكمبيوتر قد أثرت على هذا المجال ، فقد تم تطبيق التعلم الآلي والتعلم العميق في الصناعة الطبية والرعاية الصحية لتعزيز إعادة التأهيل من خلال استخدام التكنولوجيا الجديدة. حللت هذه الدراسة دقة تصنيف الشبكة المصممة والنماذج الأخرى المدربة مسبقًا (VGG-Net و AlexNet و Inception) وأجرت تحليلًا مقارنًا كاملًا لتقييم دقة التصنيف للعديد من النماذج المدربة مسبقًا. في هذا العمل المقترح ، لإنجاز مهمة التصنيف هذه ، يتم تحويل الصوت لاحقًا إلى الصورة كطريقة جديدة لرؤيتها في الشبكة العصبية عبر مفهوم مقترح حديثًا يسمى بيانات ملف تعريف الصورة. أنتجت مجموعات البيانات التي تم تصنيفها عن طريق الصور والتي استخدمت مخططًا طيفيًا ومعامل تردد ميل التردد (MFCC) أفضل نتائج هذه الدراسة ودقتها. يهدف هذا المشروع إلى تطوير شبكة عصبية جديدة يمكنها التمييز بنجاح بين أحرف العلة من أصوات الأشخاص العاديين والمرضى الذين يعانون من اضطرابات الكلام والمزيج من المجموعتين السابقتين باستخدام الفئتين الستة والثاني عشر من حروف العلة الملايو. وفقًا للبيانات التجريبية التي تم إجراؤها ، ونموذج الشبكة المصمم ، والذي استخدم 6 أحجام دفعات ، و 20 حقبة ، و ADAM كمحسِّن ، قدم هذا المشروع وحقق قيم الدقة القصوى لكلا الفئتين لبيانات الصوت الخاصة بالصور في جميع التحليلات التي تم إجراؤها.
Green Innovation in Environmental Remediation: J10-PET Thin Films for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Contaminants
Authors: A. Mustafa Jihan , H. Saleem Parween , A. Basheer Huda
Published: August 2024

تتناول هذه الدراسة التحديات البيئية الحرجة المتعلقة بمعالجة مياه الصرف، وتصريف الأدوية المنتهية الصلاحية، والتخلص من النفايات الصلبة مثل البولي إيثيلين تيريفثالات PET. یركز البحث على نهج مبتكر باستخدام N-(3-benzylureido)(methyl)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanamide  (J10) كمادة مضافة لبولي إيثيلين تيريفثالات (PET) المعاد تدويره من زجاجات المياه المستهلكة، وإنشاء فيلم رقيق سهل التحضير(J10-PET). تشمل الدراسة تحليلًا مقارنًا بين الأفلام الرقيقة المصنعة من PET النقية والأفلام الرقیقە المصنعة من PET المعدلة بواسطة J10، باستخدام تقنيات متقدمة مثل FTIR وSEM للحصول على رؤى حول الخصائص الهيكلية والمورفولوجية لها. وللإشارة، تظهر الأفلام الرقيقة المطورة فعالية ملحوظة في استخراج الأزرق الميثيلين (MB) والبرتقالي الميثيلين (MO) من الحلول المائية. تركز الدراسة بشكل أساسي على كشف النقاب عن السلوكيات الحركية والتوازن التي تحكم إزالة الميثيلين الأزرق (MB) والبرتقالي الميثيلين (MO). تتضمن الدراسة تحديد سعات الامتصاص في التوازن (qe) للميثيلين الأزرق (MB) والبرتقالي الميثيلين (MO) عند درجات حرارة مختلفة (35، 50، و60 درجة مئوية) وتراكيز مختلفة (5، 10، و15 ملغم/جم). وبشكل ملحوظ، يتبين أن النموذج الزائف من الدرجة الثانیە هو الأنسب لشرح السيناريو الحركي لكل من الميثيلين الأزرق (MB) والبرتقالي الميثيلين (MO). وعلاوة على ذلك، وجد ان الطاقة النشطة (Ea) المرتبطة بامتصاص الميثيلين الأزرق (MB) والبرتقالي الميثيلين (MO) على الفيلم الرقيق J10-PET بقيمة 14.42 كيلوجول/مول و36.08 كيلوجول/مول على التوالي. تسهم هذه النتائج بشكل جماعي في فهم شامل لعملية الامتصاص، مما يلقي الضوء على إمكانية استخدام فيلم PET الرقيق J10 كحلا فعالا لمعالجة إزالة الملوثات الزرقاء الميثيلين (MB) والبرتقالية الميثيلين (MO) من البيئات المائية
Research on Roof Weighting Mechanism of Coal Pillar Mining in Shallow Buried Closely Spaced Multi-seams
Authors: He Yanpeng , Huang Qingxiang , Ma Li
Published: August 2024

In the process of mining, the lower working face through the coal pillar (CP) in shallow-buried closely coal seams (SBCCS), noticeable roof step sinking, and dynamic load effects on the support were observed. In order to reveal the mechanism of strong ground pressure, the theoretical model of roof structure during the period of CP is established, and the calculation formula of the position of strong mine pressure is given. Taking the 22,408 working faces through the overlying concentrated CP of the Bulianta Coal Mine was selected as the research object. Using the methods of field measurement, physical simulation, and theoretical analysis to master the law of movement of the CP and overlying strata while passing the CP, the structural coupling impact of the key strata structure of the interburden and CP was revealed, which was the main reason for the cutting dynamic load effect during the passing of the CP of the working face. The advanced breaking mechanical model of the coupled roof structure of the “key strata structure of the interburden and the coal pillar” is established; the main factors affecting the breakthrough distance of the advanced breaking distance are analyzed; and the mechanism of the strong weighting caused by the cutting roof of the working surface is explained at the stage of CP. At the same time, it is obtained that when the width of the CP is 25 m, the working face is 20 m below the CP, which is the maximum bending moment point of the rock beam, indicating that the position that is prone to break under this width is about 5 m of the CP, which aligns with experimental data. The present study provides a theoretical guideline for the location and control of strong ground pressure during CP mining in SBCCS.
Meeting Increasing Demands for Upstream Scope 3 Reporting: A Framework for the Drilling Industry
Authors: Emborg M. , Olsen S. I.
Published: August 2024

This paper details the scope and framework applied for quantifying upstream Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of offshore drilling operations. A step-by-step methodological approach is presented, comprising environmental impact modeling of drilling and rig operational activities through the application of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The study aims to break down upstream Scope 3 emissions to a process level, demonstrating how upstream Scope 3 emissions can be quantified and evaluated to a greater detail level compared with what current Scope 3 reporting levels offer today. A North Sea drilling case study conducted in collaboration with a major drilling contractor is used for showcasing the impact burden levels, challenges, and prosperity of accounting, reporting, and tracking upstream Scope 3 emissions as a drilling contractor. A total of 141 drilling and rig operational activities were identified and prioritized for impact calculation, presenting a detailed breakdown of upstream Scope 3 emissions results for offshore well drilling. Impacts are quantified in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq.) emitted per day in operation. The study does not include downstream Scope 3 and reports limited to direct (Scope 1) emissions. Results show a total upstream Scope 3 emissions burden of 412 tCO2eq./d in operation. Of the eight assessed upstream Scope 3 categories, purchased goods account for the largest contribution of 32%. Activities related to the operation and maintenance of drilling equipment account for the largest impact contribution of 351 tCO2eq./d, corresponding to 86% of total upstream Scope 3 emissions. The reported outputs may serve as a benchmark for future Scope 3 accounting and reporting within the drilling industry, as well as for LCA inventories for oil and gas production. A set of system boundaries for assessing upstream Scope 3 emissions is suggested, along with recommended emission calculation methods. The presented framework may serve as an alternate supplement to the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) adapted version of the GHG Protocol’s Scope 3 Standard in terms of Scope 3 inventory boundary setting and data prioritization with relevance to drilling contractors, and finally to the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) industry guideline for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting.
Reduced Rod-tubing Wear And Run Time Increment With Modified Completions In Progressive Cavity Pumped CBM Wells
Authors: Kumar Adarsh , Shekhar Ritesh
Published: August 2024

In conventional rod-driven progressing cavity pumped wells, the issue of rod/tubing wear has always been a concern; especially in CBM wells where the fluid is 100% water which lacks the usual lubricity of oil, combined with the production of coal fines. Adding to the complexity of the problem is the eccentricity of the progressing cavity pump rotor, the rod string completion used, and the production tubing ran. Also in deviated wells due to having high contact loading creates problem. Although all of these together can provide the "perfect storm" for ongoing rod and tubing problems, a proper evaluation of the complete system whereby both the pump, completion and operating parameters are optimized can drastically reduce the occurrence of rod/tubing wear and extend overall run times.

This paper will share case studies whereby completions both prior to and after which the pump model, operating parameters and completion practices are evaluated, run times documented and failure mechanisms evaluated to compare and contrast the before and after results of optimizing the total progressing cavity pumping system and the effectivity of the changes made.

In order to support the data shared within this work, industry accepted software results will be shared the results of which will provide clear evidence that the modified completions proposed here can and will result in reduced wear, increased run times, and holistically a greater reduction in NPT (Non-Production Time).

Although this work is in CBM applications, it will be applicable all rod-driven PC pumped wells.
Smart-Pump™ Methodology for Progressing Cavity Pump Sizing
Authors: Larson D. B. , Gogenhan Y. , Parhar H. S. , Gonzalez G. A. Ariza , Salicas D. E. , Boonstra A.
Published: August 2024

The objective of the paper is to discuss an improved process of sizing for PC pumps by introducing a new approach utilizing a smart pump sizing methodology, which aims to eliminate the trial-and-error selection step and deliver consistently sized pumps without the need for a PCP functional hydraulic pump test.

The traditional PC pump sizing process involves selecting a rotor for a stator and conducting a functional hydraulic pump test in production environment using a hydraulic test bench. However, the smart pump sizing method relies on data analysis and measurements to pair the stator and rotor rather than trial-and-error. It removes the need for a functional pump test and ensures more consistent PC pump sizing.

The paper presents field results from PC Pumps installed by Pluspetrol in Argentina using the smart pump sizing methodology. Remarkably, over 500 pumps have been installed without a PCP functional hydraulic pump test, and there have been no reported issues related to PC pumps. In summary, the smart pump sizing method streamlines the pump sizing process, improves consistency, and eliminates the need for a PCP functional hydraulic pump test.
Learnings from Successful Permian High Pressure Gas Lift Installations
Authors: McNeilly K. , Smith A. , Harms L. K. , Nelle Will , Schwin S. , Reynolds R.
Published: August 2024

Making high rates reliably with low costs from unconventional wells remains challenging. In 2017, SPE 187443 asked whether there was an opportunity to do this with high pressure gas lift (HPGL). In 2019, HPGL showed rates comparable to ESP's (SPE 195180). This paper presents results/learnings from HPGL installations in production, costs vs. ESP, modelling, kickoff and operating pressure, tubular/BHA/facilities design, installing tubing day one, slugging mitigation and electric vs. gas units.

Despite an estimated 3000 HPGL installations in the last 7 years, no results on field performance have been documented except those previously reported for a single well in 2019. Extensive design, modelling, and field data from 5 wells are analyzed and shared along with related economics. Additionally, general observations are provided from operations at hundreds of HPGL installations on many important aspects of HPGL design, implementation and continuing operations to help other operators to apply this useful artificial lift method more efficiently and effectively in the future.

The results show that HPGL wells can be produced at high rates comparable to ESP's (dependent on well and reservoir conditions) with less complexity, failures and downtime. Also, economics for HPGL are attractive compared to ESP's. Further significant results and conclusions are that well tubulars are readily modelled to predict/optimize rates, facilities can easily be designed to allow maximum flow rates/ mitigate slugging, HPGL wells are simple to optimize using changes in injection rates while monitoring surface pressures and electric units are found to have substantial benefits when good line power is available.

Field results and learnings from multiple HPGL well operations as well as detailed economic data have not been shared to date. The information presented here will extend the industry's knowledge and ability to evaluate and apply this effective artificial lift technique as well as compare its economics to ESP's.
Overcoming Power Outages and Disturbances in Power Lines in ESP Operations
Authors: Guayama D. A. , Sauer G. , Tejerina M. , Burgos S. , Perez H. O. , Orozco M. C. , Oyarzún R. A.
Published: August 2024

The Project was developed in a field with more than 1350 wells with 5 ½" casings and depths between 1600 and 2800 m. The goal is to optimize equipment behavior after power outages and power line disturbances. The need to optimize arises due to failures of different types, ending in stopped equipment with a low percentage of automatic restarts (14%), generating loss of time, deferred production and movement of equipment and personnel.

The study analyzed the behavior of electrical interruptions and power disturbances that occurred in medium voltage lines during the second half of 2021 and in the first months of 2022. Different protection configurations were tested for both variable speed drives and switchboards, so that the number of devices that could start automatically could be maximized, while ensuring the integrity of the electric submersible equipment (ESP).

A first group of settings was evaluated in the first quarter of 2022, showing a significant improvement in relation to previous behaviors. A second setup campaign was carried out, reaching a satisfactory level of response. Approximately 1350 wells were modified at the surface and remotely using the SCADA system. Lost time was reduced by mitigating overload failures, while the ESP system was kept within a safe insulation condition. These improvements came about by eliminating premature failures, reducing rig usage to perform extractions, and optimizing the submersible system to handle power disturbance conditions. As a result of this work, the equipment that cannot start automatically have changed from almost 90% to a value around 20%.

This article shows how to approach the main problem through the analysis of the data obtained from the field and proposes a solution that can be extrapolated to other fields, regardless of the characteristics of the installed equipment. Having a reduction of interventions is translated as less carbon emissions (less rig interventions, less rounds of specialized personnel to the wells, etc).
Operational History and Future Application of the Subsea ESP Skid Technology in Espadarte Field
Authors: Paternost G. M. , Costa B. M. P. , Oliveira P. S. , Silva J. A. G. , Nascimento A. G. , Vergara L. , Watson A.
Published: August 2024

The concept of a marginal field refers to a small oil accumulation that is often a challenge to render technically and economically viable. In deepwater production scenarios, these fields are located remotely offshore, and they usually require some form of processing or boosting before they can be productive commercially.

Espadarte is a marginal field that presents one of the longest deepwater tiebacks in offshore Brazil (about 18 km). A single well has been producing for more than 2 years using a skid-mounted electric submersible pump (ESP), and in 2024, two wells will be connected in series in conjunction with an improved skid-mounted ESP model that will contain thermal insulation and fluid recirculation. The objective of this paper is to present recent achievements of this ESP application, describing the operational results of the well under production and what to expect from the next installation.
Automatic Iteration on Viscous Damping for Optimal SRP Well Control
Authors: Pons V. , Gomes J.
Published: August 2024

A new methodology for automatic iteration on viscous damping enhanced with state-of-the-art pump fillage, fluid load lines and valve openings and closing calculation is presented. Field results showing the impact of the methodology in diagnosing downhole conditions, improving inferred production, fluid level, pump intake and horsepower calculations are shown.

The new approach uses a wave equation model with iteration on viscous damping paired with a traveling valve and standing valve calculation. Pump fillage and fluid load lines are calculated, which enables calculation of mechanical friction. The iteration uses a bisection method-like algorithm, which speeds up the convergence and removes the algorithm’s dependence on horsepower convergence criteria and other fluid and well variables.

In sucker rod pumped wells, efficiency and control of the entire system is ruled by elasticity, viscous friction and mechanical friction. Elasticity comes from the elastic behavior of the rod string and the propagation of stress waves due to the cyclic pumping operation traveling up and down the rod string at the speed of sound. Mechanical friction results from the rod string, couplings or pump coming in contact with the tubing. Viscous friction originated from produced fluid imparting a viscous force on the outer diameter of the rod string during operation. Those three factors are the basis for the calculation of downhole data from surface data to enable optimization and better control of sucker rod pump applications. Neglecting viscous friction leads to erroneous downhole data.

Very often, downhole cards have an over loop appearance which is physically impossible when considering pumping unit dynamics. This is due to the viscous force not being adjusted properly. Also, what can be mistaken from mechanical friction can be in fact completely removed from downhole data using appropriate viscous adjustment. Finally, operators traditionally overestimate their inferred production from the extra fictive load that is present on a poorly viscous friction adjusted card. The field data results presented in this paper show this new approach eradicates all these issues to deliver accurate and truthful downhole data.

The new approach iterates on the optimal damping factor for both the upstroke and downstroke for every stroke. Currently, most controllers utilize a manually adjusted damping factor, which leads to the damping factor not being adjusted for every stroke. Repercussions of this include overestimation of inferred production, overlooping phenomenon and appearance of excessive mechanical friction.