bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spousal Psychological Abuse against Pregnant Women in Antenatal Care Cohort: Magnitude and Associated Factors in Northwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Nigussie Zelalem , Yenus Yeshita Hedija , Ayenew Mekonnen Fantahun , Goshu Muluneh Atalay , Andualem Zewudu
Published: July 2024

Background: Violence against women is a serious public health problem and human right abuse. Psychological abuse was the most common form of intimate partner violence that has not been noticed by policy makers. The magnitude ranges up to 90% among different populations. Developing countries including Ethiopia are at high risk of psychological abuse of women by their spouse. To the best of our knowledge, little has been studied in Ethiopia and no study has been conducted in the study area. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of psychological spousal against pregnant women.
Methods: This study was a facility based cross sectional study including 409 pregnant mothers at Debre Markos town from March-April, 2018. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. A pretested and validated questionnaire was used. Binary logistic regression (Bivariable and Multivariable) was employed. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistically significant variables on the basis of p<0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model.
Results: This study found that 119 (29.1%) of pregnant women have experienced psychological abuse by their spouse during their pregnancy period. Residence (AOR: 2.87, 95%CI: 1.11-7.39), age of partner (AOR: 2.68, 95%CI: 1.25-5.75), unwanted pregnancy (AOR: 3.55, 95%CI: 1.08-11.66), history of abortion (AOR: 2.79, 95%CI: 1.13-6.89), and mother’s age (AOR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.11-0.50), have emerged as predictors for psychological spousal abuse during pregnancy.
Conclusions: The magnitude of psychological abuse against pregnant women by their spouse was high in this study. Socio-demographic and pregnancy related factors were important predictors of psychological violence. Consequently, it demands tremendous efforts to mitigate the problem through designing effective and appropriate measures.
Key words: Psychological spousal abuse, pregnant women, Antenatal care, Ethiopia
BARRIERS TO THE DETECTION, MANAGEMENT and PREVENTION OF PREECLAMPSIA/ECLAMPSIA IN ETHIOPIA: FORMATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Gudu Wondimu , Sripad Pooja
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia is the third leading cause of maternal mortality in Ethiopia accounting for 11% of maternal deaths. Barriers to the diagnosis, management and prevention of Preeclampsia are not well studied in Ethiopia.
Objectives: To explore barriers to the detection, management, and prevention of preeclampsia/ Eclampsia in Ethiopia
Methods: Desk review of Scientific papers, Health surveys, and national documents were done after employing a search strategy and browsing through databases (PubMed, Google Scholar,). Eight in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders were also done for supplementation. Framework for analysis of barriers was devised and thematic synthesis of findings done
Results:  Eight primary studies; three demographic surveys (DHS) and 11 national documents (2 policy papers; 2 legislations; 4 guidelines; 1 protocol and 2 training materials were included for data synthesis from the desk review. There is no national policy exclusively on preeclampsia. All drugs used in the management of preeclampsia/eclampsia are included in the essential medicine list but are not registered.  In the standard guidelines, which health professionals could administer Magnesium is not specified. Moreover, elements of referral are not detailed and pre-referral care is substandard. None of the documents have recommended Aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia. There is no national protocol on Preeclampsia care. But the national emergency Obstetric care training material has included updated information on Magnesium, anti-hypertensives, and Aspirin. Administration of loading dose magnesium at lower health facilities is not approved in any of the documents. There was a significant gap in drug procurement, distribution, and availability. 
At health facility level inadequate training; perceived inability to provide Magnesium; lack of local guidelines; substandard quality care and Poor knowledge on preeclampsia by health providers were barriers whereas delayed care-seeking; alternative cultural remedies and poor awareness on preeclampsia were barriers at the community level.
Conclusion: There are substantial barriers to the detection, management, and prevention of Preeclampsia at all levels of health care provision which should be addressed with a concerted effort from all responsible stakeholders.
Key Words: Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Barriers, Diagnosis, Management, Prevention
Factors Affecting Utilization of Modern Family Planning Method among Women with Psychiatric Illness Attending Psychiatric Outpatient Services at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018. An Institution Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Seid Abdu , Wordofa Berhanu , Tesfaye Jembere
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Background: Barriers to effective use of contraception on the part of mentally ill patients magnified by their inability to establish reliable, long-term approaches to pregnancy prevention. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancies  are  high among psychiatric patients, due to the frequent lack of insight, lack of planning and behavioral control and potential medication interaction between hormonal contraceptives and some psychotropic drugs reducing contraceptive effectiveness. Therefore, Women who are mentally ill or who abuse drugs should be considered for the full range of contraceptive options.
Objective: To assess utilization and associated factors of modern family planning method among women with psychiatric illness attending psychiatric outpatient services at Amanuel mental specialized hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2018.
Method: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted  to assess utilization and associated factors of modern family planning method among women with psychiatric illness attending psychiatric outpatient services and 413 study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out to determine the association between an independent variable with the outcome variable among study participants during the period of the study at Amanuel mental specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Result: out of the total sampled women with psychiatric illness (40.2%) of the respondents were using modern family planning methods at the time of the study. According to the multiple logistic regressions at 95% C.I, educational level, resident, employment and counseling about family planning by staff found to be independently associated with utilization of modern family planning method.
 Conclusion: In this study, 40.3% of them currently use a modern family planning method. Male condoms and injectable were the most known type of method. Moreover, injectable was the most common currently used method. Healthcare provider should be strengthening family planning counseling to enhance knowledge and utilization of modern family planning at mental health clinic and community level.
Key words: utilization, modern family planning, associated factors, mental illness, Addis Ababa
Epidermoid cyst complicating female genital mutilation and its psychological impact: A case report
Authors: Dejene Tafese
Published: July 2024

Abstract
 Epidermoid cysts are slowly growing tumors arising from invagination of the epidermis into the dermis traumatically or spontaneously. This implantation in the clitoris is most commonly induced by female genital mutilation. This is the case of epidermoid cyst of vulva reported in a 20 year old patient that caused significant worry and psychological disturbances on the patient.
Determinants of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Utilization at Primary Health Care Facilities in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Temesgen Gebremaryam , Gebrehiwot Haftom , Hussen Sultan , Shegaze Mulugeta , Tolosie Kabtamu , Boti Negussie
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background: Each year, the current level of modern contraceptive use averts 188 million unintended pregnancies, which in turn results in 112 million fewer abortions. Of the 867 million women in the developing world who are sexually active and want to avoid becoming pregnant, about 222 million of them have an unmet need for modern contraception.
Objectives: To identify the determinant factors for utilization of intra uterine contraceptive device among women visiting primary health care facilities in Mekelle city.
Method: The facility based unmatched case-control study design was conducted among 234 women (78 cases and 156 controls). Data was collected by questionnaire. Data entry and cleaning was done using EPI- Info version 5.3.1 and analysis done using SPSS version 20. The study used a logistic regression model to identify the association between independent variables with Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device.
Result: Marital status ([AOR (95%CI) =8.59(2.60 - 28.43)], number of pregnancies (AOR (95%) CI=5.69(1.020-31.802), and number of alive children [AOR (95%CI) =3.5 (1.03-11.9) had a significant association with the use of Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device. Other determinants found to have significant association includes awareness about Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device, visual exposure to Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device, and participants told about the availability of health care provider able to insert Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device.
 Conclusion: The study identified marital status, gravidity, number of alive children, information on availability of IUCD provider and visual exposure to IUCD and awareness to Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device as major determinants for use of Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device. Thus, stake holders like Tigray Regional health bureau, health care facilities and others stakeholder should work to strength in service quality to increase the utilization of this effective and safe modern contraceptive method IUCD.
Key word: Case control, Determinant factors, Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device, Logistic regression
A CASE REPORT OF UTERINE MYOMA CAUSING NON-PURPURAL UTERINE INVERSION
Authors: Fantahun Yitbarek , Haile Sofanit , Kebede Eskinder , Teklu Sisay
Published: July 2024

Uterine inversion is a condition where the uterus is inverted downward with prolapse of the fundus into the endometrial cavity and to the cervix. It is broadly classified as puerperal and nonpuerperal based on the cause of the uterine inversion with puerperal uterine inversion being a more common type of inversion. Here is a rare form of non-puerperal uterine inversion with fundal submucous myoma.
Keyword: Haultain’s method, Myoma, Uterine inversion.
Women's knowledge of preconception care: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kassa Zemenu
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background: Preconception health care is improving maternal and unborn child outcomes by recognizing and identifying risky behaviors before pregnancy and lessening unintended pregnancies. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of women's knowledge across the world.
Method: Published and unpublished research reports women’s knowledge of preconception care were used. The databases used are PubMed, Medline, google scholar, google, and    Cochrane Library. Unpublished articles searched from different repository electronic libraries and through google. Two independent authors (ZY and NH) searched articles by using the following key terms, “knowledge” OR “awareness”, “woman/women*” AND “preconception care”, “preconception care” OR “preconception health care”, “preconception care” AND “worldwide”. The critical appraisal was done using the Joana Brigg’s Institute (JBI) checklist for prevalence study, which has nine scores.
Results: Four hundred twenty-eight published and unpublished articles retrieved from different databases: PubMed, Medline, google scholar, google, and   Cochrane Library. Unpublished articles searched from different repository electronic library and google. The pooled prevalence of women's knowledge of preconception care was 35.3% (95% CI: 24.5-47.8%).
Conclusion: This study showed that women's knowledge of preconception care is low. This finding suggests that governmental and non-governmental organizations shall give attention to the creation of awareness and implementation to enhance on preconception care.
Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy after IVF: A Case Report of Successful Conservative Management with Transvaginal Amniotic Sac Aspiration and Intra saccular Methotrexate Injection
Authors: Surur Feruz , Mutesim
Published: July 2024

Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy (CEP) is a very rare condition accounting for less than 1 % of all Ectopic Pregnancies. Early diagnosis and management of the case are very essential in order to avoid serious and life-threatening complications, which are difficult to successfully manage in resource-poor settings. Here we are presenting a case report of a 38 yr. old Ethiopian mother who developed CEP following her 1st IVF therapy for secondary infertility secondary to Asherman’s syndrome.  She was successfully managed conservatively, with aspiration and subsequent installation of methotrexate into the gestational sac. Early diagnosing with transvaginal ultrasound and serial B HCG measurement coupled with immediate therapeutic measures are the key issues in preventing the severe life-threatening complications of CEP and conserve the subsequent fertility potential of such patients.
Sexual violence and associated factors among high school female students in Debre Markos Town, East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Getinet Mamaru
Published: July 2024

Background: Sexual violence against females takes many forms, including rape, sexual harassment such as asking for unwanted sex as a joke, kissing, touching sensitive parts such as the breasts, and threats. It affects all young women, regardless of their age or location. It has several sexual and reproductive health issues, including STDs, HIV/AIDS, unwanted pregnancies, abortion, and other issues. As a result, the goal of this study was to find out how common sexual violence against women is among Debre Markos high school students, as well as the factors that influence it.
Methodology: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among high school female students at Debre Markos Town, East Gojjam Zone. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 372 individuals selected by systematic random sampling technique from four governmental owned schools found in the town. The data were checked, coded, and entered into Epidata V 4.6 then exported into SPSS version 21 for analysis, then crude and adjusted OR were analyzed using logistic regression, and the level of significance of association was determined at P-value < 0.05.
Results: Findings of this study showed that the lifetime prevalence of sexual violence and lifetime and current year attempt/completed rape was 110 (29.6%), 18 (4.8%), and 11 (3%) respectively. The mean age of respondents was 15.75 (SD±1.375) years. From the respondents who encountered sexual violence, the majority of the respondents were victimized by their boyfriend/husband 9(50%) and much older than their age minimum age 20 and maximum age 26 with a mean age of 23.75 years. Factors associated with sexual violence were family control (AOR = 22.14, 95% CI 10.58-46.30), the habit of drinking alcohol (AOR = 0.386, 95% CI 0.189-0.788), academic performance, age of respondents (AOR = 0.246, 95% CI 0.064-0.943) and permanent residence (AOR = 2.922,95% CI 1.175-7.265).
Conclusion: Even though comparing the current study result to other study results conducted in the same study area was the difficult prevalence of sexual violence in this study area was high. The family control, the habit of alcohol intake, academic performance, permanent residence, and age of the respondents were identified as the main associated factors for sexual violence of female students in the study area. This needs further intervention like awareness creation at school and community settings, empowering girls in different activities at school and higher institutional level.
Keywords: Sexual Violence, Prevalence, Factors, Female Students, Ethiopia
Magnitude and Associated Factors for Sexually Transmitted Disease among Hawassa Industrial Park Workers, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebeyehu Selamawit
Published: July 2024

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections are a group of infectious diseases spread through unprotected sexual intercourses and resulting in curable and incurable diseases. Around the world estimated about 376 million people become ill each year with one of four common curable Sexually Transmitted Infections. It is estimated about 86 million new cases of curable STIs occurred in Africa region.
Objectives: To assess the magnitude and associated factors for Sexually transmitted infections among Hawassa industrial park workers, Southern Ethiopia, 2020.
Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from July to August, 2020. Self-reported syndromic approach was used to assess magnitude and associated factors for STIs. Multistage sampling technique was used. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. P-value of <0.05 and AOR with 95%CI was used to determine the presence of association between covariates and dependent variable.
Result: Self-reported Sexually Transmitted Infection magnitude in the last 12 months was 18.7% (18.54-18.91) among the Hawassa industry park workers. Hometown of residence (AOR=2.03; 95%CI: 1.16-3.55), Poor knowledge of STIs (AOR=2.59; 95%CI: 1.59-4.21,) Drinking alcohol (AOR=3.10; 95%CI: 1.68-5.71) ,View/read pornographic materials (AOR=4.28; 95%CI: 2.63-6.97)  and age at first sexual intercourse<18 years (AOR=2.01; 95%CI: 1.23-3.28)were significantly associated with the magnitude of STIs.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Self-reported magnitude of STIs among HIP was found to be high. Design and implement work place based STI prevention and control programs which focus on reduction of risky sexual practice and promotion of safer sexual practices among these high-risk population is very crucial.
Cesarean Section for a Woman with Partial Transverse Vaginal Septum First Recognized in Early Labor: Case Report
Authors: Tegene Dereje , Adisu Getachew , Mohammed Abduselam
Published: July 2024

Background: Transverse vaginal septum is among the rarest form of female genital tract anomaly that arise from faulty canalization of the urogenital sinus and mullerian ducts. The clinical presentation and time of diagnosis depends on whether the septum is perforated or not. Some women with partial transverse vaginal septum are asymptomatic until first diagnosed during pregnancy or in labor.
Case presentation: This is a 19 years old primigravida lady, come with pushing down pain of 3 hours at 40+1 weeks. Her antenatal care follow up was uneventful. She had no dyspareunia. Up on pelvic examination there was transverse vaginal septum with 1cm central opening. She gave birth by cesarean section.
Conclusion: Cesarean section in early labor is a reasonable management option for women with transverse vaginal septum first recognized in early labor.
UTILIZATION OF LONG-ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTIVES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG FEMALE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN GAMO AND GOFA ZONE HOSPITALS, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Ukalo Tariku , Gebremeskel Feleke , Gebeyehu Selamawit , Abdulkadir Hanan
Published: July 2024

Background: Female health care providers' use of family planning is critical for the community, as it encourages the use of long-acting family planning methods. But there is paucity of study on the utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives and associated factors among female health professionals.
Objective: To assess the utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives and associated factors among female health care providers in Gamo and Gofa Zone Hospitals in 2021.
Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 464 female health care providers working at Gamo and Gofa Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. The data was entered to EPI data version 7.1 and analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Science version 24. Binary logistic regression analyses with a p-value <0.05 with and a 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance.
Result: A total of 464 female health care providers were included in the study with a response rate of 100%. The utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) among female health care providers in the study was 28.8%, which is (25.8% implant and 3% IUCD). Earning ?5000 family monthly income [AOR=2.005; 95% CI: 1.236-3.251], desire to have 0-2 number of children [AOR=2.147; 95% CI: 1.249-3.693], good knowledge on long-acting reversible contraceptives [AOR= 2.320; 95% CI: 1.236-3.251], age 25-34 years [AOR=2.407; 95% CI: 1.240-4.672], being ?18 age at first sexual intercourse [AOR=0.401; 95% CI: 0.219-0.734] and being trained on family planning methods [AOR= 3.460; 95% CI: 1.203-4.589] were positively associated with utilization of long acting reversible contraceptive methods.
Conclusion: The study revealed that utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives among female health care providers in Gamo and Gofa zone hospitals was low. Age 25-35 years, earning ?5000 families monthly income, having good knowledge of LARCs , desire to have 0-2 children, being trained on family planning, and starting sexual intercourse ?18 years were significantly associated with the utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives. Providing training and intensifying information dissemination on LARCs is essential.
Comparison of Mifepristone plus Misoprostol with Misoprostol alone for First Trimester Medical Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
Authors: Shimels Tariku
Published: July 2024

Objective: The objective of this review is to compare mifepristone plus misoprostol combined regimen with misoprostol alone in medical abortion of first trimester pregnancy.
Introduction: Original clinical trials have demonstrated that the combined mifepristone plus misoprostol has a marked effectiveness on first trimester abortion practices compared to the misoprostol alone regimen. However, there is no clear evidence if this effect holds consistent direction for all main outcomes and, whether subsequent complications or side effects are minimal or not.   This review is intended to provide aggregated evidence for this question through comparison of the respective regimens based on findings from previous randomized control trial studies.
 Inclusion criteria: Randomized control trials which compared mifepristone plus misoprostol with misoprostol alone for first trimester medical abortion and published in English language will be included in the review.  Articles attempted to evaluate procedures and mechanisms of first trimester abortion other than mifepristone plus misoprostol combined regimen with misoprostol alone will be excluded. 
Methods: An internet based search of different engines will be undertaken to identify articles on the proposed topic. Using text words contained in the titles and abstracts of relevant articles, a full search of PubMed/Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, WHO international clinical Trial registry platform and google scholar will be made. We used English based articles published earlier to April 2019 on human subjects as a search limit. Studies which fulfil the inclusion criteria will be selected, appraised and assessed for methodological quality by two independent reviewers. Data on participants, study methods, interventions, and outcomes will be abstracted. Included studies will be pooled for meta-analysis. Results will be reported in odds or risk ratio at 95% confidence interval.
Readiness of Health Facilities in Providing Antenatal Care Laboratory Tests and Satisfaction of Clients in Ethiopia
Authors: Abawollo Hailemariam Segni
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background: For early identification of pregnancy complications and other problems that affect the outcomes of pregnancy, pregnant women need to receive laboratory tests during antenatal care. The provision of antenatal care laboratory tests is influenced by the availability and capacity of the support systems.
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the readiness of health facilities in providing antenatal care laboratory tests and satisfaction of clients.
Methods: A health facility based cross-sectional study design was employed. Facility readiness was assessed in a sample of 205 health facilities and exit interview with 1,180 pregnant women.
Results: 199 facilities and 960 pregnant women were involved. The sampled facilities have fulfilled the minimum requirements including 67% for infrastructure, 67.2% for documents, 49.6% for equipment, and 76% for trained laboratory personnel.  The average reagents stockout rate on the date of the visit was 29.6% with stockouts during the past thirty days being at 32% and the mean number of days stocks last for 93 days. The average availability of the laboratory tests was 84% with infrastructure (p=0.018) and equipment (p=0.000) being the significant predictors. The overall satisfaction rate with the services provided was 83.2%. 
Conclusions: Readiness of health facilities to deliver antenatal care laboratory tests was low with acceptable client satisfaction rate. The identified gaps need to be addressed to ensure better quality antenatal care laboratory test services.
Key words: Laboratory test, Antenatal care laboratory tests, ANC laboratory tests, USAID, Transform: Primary Health Care.
Antenatal care service utilization among women who gave birth amid COVID-19 pandemic in Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional study
Authors: TURI EBISA , Tilahun Temesgen , Getachew Motuma , Tesfaye Tariku , Etana Belachew , Abdisa Eba , Olani Wolkite , Ewunetu Adisu , Fetensa Getahun , Rikitu Dufera , Tesfaye Edosa , Chego Melese , Fekadu Ginenus , Tolossa Tadesse
Published: July 2024

Background: Starting from the day it was declared as an outbreak the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been observed in almost all countries and costing the lives of hundreds of thousands. The counter effect of preventive measurements is believed to affect the health of many vulnerable populations including pregnant mothers. Hence, this study was aimed to assess antenatal care service utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth amid the pandemic in West Ethiopia.
Methods:  A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in selected districts of West Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Epi data version 3.1 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences window (SPSS) version 25.0 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was done.
Results: A total of 827 participants were involved in the study with a response rate of 97.87 %. The prevalence of antenatal cares service utilization among mothers who gave birth during the pandemic was 54.4 % with 95% (51.0, 57.6). Age of mother, residence, occupation of mother, educational level of the mother, fear related to spreading of COVID-19 in the community, fear of being infected, following government guidelines, using a facemask, covering face and mouth when coughing, and level of practice towards covid-19 prevention measures had a statistically significant association with antenatal cares service utilization.
Conclusion: The finding of the study revealed that there is a low antenatal care service utilization during the pandemic. Hence, health care providers should strengthen the integration of messages on COVID-19 prevention measures and health education with pregnancy risk, family planning and postnatal care. It is also advisable to start technology-based services to avert the transportation and related problems.
A Trend analysis of frozen embryo transfer at Alhikmah fertility center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Sewit
Published: July 2024

Background: In recent years, the use of frozen embryo transfers in Artificial reproductive technology has gradually increased, owing to improvements in laboratory techniques such as vitrification and blastocyst culture making pregnancy rates approaching those of fresh transfer cycles.
Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the pregnancy rate after frozen embryo transfer, analyze the clinical factors that can potentially influence the result of pregnancy and identify patients who could benefit from this approach.
Methods:  A retrospective cross sectional study design was used to select patients that have undergone frozen embryo transfer from January 1, 2019- March 31, 2022 at Alhikmah fertility center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Baseline data and pregnancy rate was collected, computed with SPSS version 24 for statistical associations and presented with tables. The primary outcome was a positive pregnancy test defined as serum ?-HCG level of >10mIU/ml.
Result:  A total of 180 frozen embryo transfers were done for 128 women over the study period and the pregnancy rate was 26.6%.  The mean age of the patients was 31.88(± 5.04). Majority (45.3%) had tubal factor infertility. ? 13(median) oocytes were collected for 53.9%. A freeze-all technique was used in 46% of the patients and the rest had extra embryos. Age of the patient <35 and retrieval of oocytes above median had relation with positive pregnancy outcome. More importantly, freezing for risk of hyperstimulation and transfer of day 5embryos had a significant association with pregnancy with p-value <0.05.
Conclusion: From this study, we’ve seen promising pregnancy rate after frozen embryo transfer in patients with age group <35 and those having ?13 oocyte. In addition, we can conclude that freezing for women at risk of hyperstimulation and transferring day 5embryos leads to a positive pregnancy result. However, since this is a retrospective study, we suggest a prospective comparative study to be done in the future for better recommendation.
Key words: frozen embryo transfer, pregnancy rate, outcome predictors, assisted reproductive technology
Prevalence of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Admitted in Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Tsegaye Setegn , Gure Tadesse , Adane Amlak , Arkew Mesay , Kenay Abera
Published: July 2024

Background: Preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) affects approximately 3% of all pregnancies and is responsible for one-third of all preterm births. Despite its contribution to maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, evidence on the burden of PPROM and its associated factors in the study area is scarce. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of PPROM and its associated factors among pregnant women at University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia from August 01 to 31, 2021.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 449 randomly selected preterm pregnancies admitted to the labor ward of Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital. Data related to socio-demographic variables, obstetric and reproductive health conditions, and labor and related pregnancy outcomes were extracted from their medical records using a structured checklist. After checking for completeness, the data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS 25. Factors associated with PPROM were identified using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression. Association was described using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI). P-value <0.05 in the final model was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Of 449 preterm pregnant women included in the study, 64 (14.3%; 95% CI:11.1% -17.5%) had PPROM. Preterm PROM was significantly associated with urinary tract infections (AOR=6.33; 95% CI:3.26-12.29), vaginal bleeding (AOR=2.62; 95% CI:1.23-5.57), history of abortion (AOR= 3.07; 95% CI:1.33-7.06) and mid upper arm circumference <23 (AOR=7.06; 95% CI: 4.02-12.43). A total of 3 (4.3%) stillbirth and 16 (22.9%) early neonatal deaths occurred corresponding with a gross perinatal mortality rate of 271 per 1000 births.
Conclusion:  One in seven preterm pregnancies in eastern Ethiopia had PPROM. Urinary tract infection, vaginal bleeding, previous history of abortion, and undernutrition were associated with PPROM. Early screening and treatment of urinary tract infections and vaginal bleeding are essential to reduce the risk of PPROM.
Biochemical Pregnancy Outcomes among Day 3 Vs 5 Embryotransfer in the Fertility Reproductive Mecicine Center at Teritary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mahtemsilassie Mintesnot , Wondafrash Mekitie , Negash Mustefa , Ansa Meseret
Published: July 2024

Introduction: the burden of infertility is the worst in sub-Saharan countries with rare availability of assisted reproductive technology treatment and, even in the best set up where this service is available, generally it has a low implantation rate that could be partially explained by the days of embryo transferred after ovum pick up. however, the effects of a day of embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes are an area of controversy in countries with advanced fertility treatment, on top of that we have very little research done on issues related to invitro fertilization
Objective: The aim of this study was to see the effect of the day of (D3 vs D 5) embryos transfer on biochemical pregnancy outcome in the first and the only public IVF center in Ethiopia
Method: it was a retrospective record review that was conducted in the center of fertility at saint Paul hospital millennium medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January  2021-December 2021 G.C. with a total sample size of 201
Result: During the study period there were a total of 201 clients who has undergone embryo transfer fulfilling the inclusion criteria(age less than 35, at least one embryo transferred is grade one, fresh transfer), 94 of them were day 5 embryos and 107 were day 3. Both groups are comparable in baseline characteristics including the mean age, duration of infertility, cause of infertility, method of sperm insemination, level of physician transferring the embryo, number of embryos transferred, and grade of embryo transferred. Biochemical pregnancy between day 3 and day 5 embryo transfer was similar in both groups 67 (62.6%) and 59 (62.8%) respectively (p=0.98). However, the chance of having twin pregnancy was higher among day 5 embryo transfer 19 sets of twin pregnancy (36%) compare to day 3 embryo transfer 10 sets of twin pregnancy (17%) with p =0.053.
Conclusion: In women aged less than 35 as long as we have available good quality embryos transferring day 3 embryo is an alternative option over blastocyst transfer with comparable biochemical pregnancy without increasing the chance of multiple pregnancies, this in turn decreases the risk of multiple pregnancies related complications. In addition, cleavage-stage embryo transfer carries fewer burdens and costs in a setup with low resources and  busy environment and it has also low cost and stress on patients.
Keywords: day 5 and day 3 embryo transfer, Ethiopia, public IVF center, biochemical pregnancy
Incidence, associated factors and outcomes of antepartum hemorrhage at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Mekelle General Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Hagos Hailu  , Girmatsion Fisseha  , Gelila Goba  , Hale Teka  , Sumeya Ahmed  , Yemane Awol
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The leading cause of maternal mortality in world is obstetric hemorrhage. Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or into the genital tract after 28weeks of pregnancy and before delivery of the baby. Placenta previa and Abruptio placenta are the two major causes of antepartum hemorrhage worldwide including Ethiopia, and contribute significantly to obstetric hemorrhage which is the most common cause of maternal death in developing countries like Ethiopia. Hence, the present study is planned to assess the incidence, associated factors and outcomes of APH at ACSH and Mekelle general hospital.
Objective:  To assess incidence, associated factors and outcomes of APH at Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital and Mekelle general hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Methodology: Hospital based prospective cross sectional (observational) was carried out at Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital and Mekelle general hospital over a period of 6 months from February 01, 2018 to July 30, 2018 on all pregnant mothers who were admitted to labor and maternity ward with the diagnosis of antepartum hemorrhage.
Results: There were a total of 5368 deliveries in both Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital and Mekelle general hospital over a period of six months between February, 1/2018 to July, 30/2018. During this period, 192 mothers were diagnosed to have APH making incidence of 3.8 %. The major causes of APH were abruptio placenta in 89 (46.5 %) and placenta previa in 64 (33.3 %). Anemia and PPH were the main maternal complications, each accounting for 98(51 %) and 25 (13 %) respectively. There was one maternal death (0.5 %). Of the total 200 newborns, 26 (13 %) were stillbirth and there were 19 (9.5 %) of early neonatal deaths that died in the first seven days of life after admission to NICU making PMR of 22.5 %.
Conclusion: APH which is primarily caused by abruptio placenta and placenta previa significantly affects the maternal and perinatal outcomes ACSH and MGH compared to reports from other countries. Maternal address out of Mekelle, severe maternal anemia, and abruptio placenta are predictors of increased perinatal mortality.
Communication self-efficacy and contraceptive use at sexual debut among rural adolescent girls in Ethiopia
Authors: Tewahido Dagmawit , Worku Alemayehu , Tadesse Amare W. , Berhane Yemane
Published: July 2024

Introduction Girls with early sexual debuts are exposed to risky sexual behaviours such as unintended pregnancy and contracting sexually transmitted infections. Communication self-efficacy is vital for protecting girls from unwanted pregnancy by educating them about the use of contraceptives. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between communication self-efficacy and contraceptive use at sexual debut in a rural Ethiopian setting.
Methods A total of 394 adolescent girls between the age of 13 - 17, who self-reported their sexual debut, were included in the analysis. Communication self-efficacy was measured using two items: adolescents who discussed contraceptives with their partners, and adolescents who discussed contraceptives with to other people. The association between contraceptive use at sexual debut and communication self-efficacy was examined using a multivariable logistic regression model that accounted for a complex sample survey design.
Results The mean age of sexual debut was 14.5 years (95% CI 14.38, 14.69) and the proportion of contraceptive use at sexual debut was 17.37% (95% CI 12.75, 22.95). Contraceptive use at sexual debut was higher among girls who talked to their partner about contraceptives (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.94, 95% CI [0.98 - 3.8]) and those who discussed contraceptives with others (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI [1.56 - 5.55].
Conclusions Contraceptive use at sexual debut was low among young rural adolescent girls. Adolescent girls who had communication self-efficacy were likely to use contraceptives at sexual debut. Life skills interventions that improve communication and negotiation are recommended to enhance contraceptive use.
Uterine torsion with placental abruption and fetal death at term pregnancy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sebsibie Melat
Published: July 2024

Background: Uterine torsion in pregnancy is a rare event that requires urgent recognition and management. Its presentation is non-specific and ranges from asymptomatic to severe life-threatening conditions such as placental abruption with hemorrhagic shock and maternal and fetal death. Here we describe our case and reviewed similar literature on gravid uterine torsion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of term uterine torsion complicated by placental abruption and fetal death in Africa.
Case Presentation: A 28 years old Ethiopian woman gravida III, para II, presented at 37 weeks of gestation with acute severe abdominal pain, mild vaginal bleeding, absent fetal movement, and shock. Emergency cesarean section was decided with a presumptive diagnosis of placental abruption with hemorrhagic shock and intrauterine fetal demise. Intraoperatively, it was realized that the placenta and the dead fetus were delivered through an inadvertent posterior lower segment hysterotomy made on 1800 levo-rotated uterine torsion. Then the uterus was restored to its anatomic position and the posterior hysterotomy was closed. Despite medical measures, the uterus became atonic and a hysterectomy was required. The patient had an uneventful postoperative and postpartum course.
Conclusion: Even if gravid uterine torsion is uncommon, it should be kept in mind as one of the differentials in pregnancy-related acute abdominal emergencies due to its non-specific nature and dangerous impact. Furthermore, it can be obscured and associated with other obstetric emergencies, especially placental abruption.
Factors Affecting Knowledge of Emergency Contraception among Addis Ababa University Female Students, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mariye Yitbarek Fantahun , Fasil Nebiyou , Bisrat Mekedem Hailemariam , Weldetensaye Eskinder Kebede
Published: July 2024

Background:  The prevalence of unintended pregnancy is very high in Ethiopia and young and adolescents are one of the major groups that are affected by it. The lack of knowledge of emergency contraception methods is one of the contributing factors to the increasing prevalence of unintended pregnancy. In this study, we explored the level of awareness and the factors affecting the knowledge of one of the most vulnerable groups in our society, university students.
Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge as well as factors affecting Knowledge of emergency contraception among female students.
Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Addis Ababa University. The sample size calculated was 648. Data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire and data was entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics was performed to get frequency and percentages. Logistic regression and Chi-square analysis were used to identify predictors of the outcome variable.
Result: A total of 648 students were included in the study giving a response rate of 100%. Of all the respondents, 111 (17%) were sexually active, 439 (68%) have ever heard about and 158 (24.5%) have ever used emergency contraception methods. Of those respondents who ever heard of emergency contraceptive methods 265 (60%) (95% CI: 58%, 62%) were found to have good knowledge. The study has shown that field of study (AOR, 7.24; 95% CI: 4.103,12.772, P < 0.000) and every use of emergency contraceptive methods (AOR, 2.075; 95% CI: 1.234,3.490, P < 0.006) were significantly associated with having good knowledge of emergency contraceptive methods.
Conclusion and recommendation: The level of knowledge about emergency contraception is fair. This study showed, that faculty of study and every use of emergency contraception are found to have a significant association with good knowledge of emergency contraceptive methods. Even though the knowledge of the respondents is fair much has to be done to improve their knowledge of the different methods by preparing a reproductive health education lesson, especially for students in non-medical faculty who may have been unaddressed.
PERINATAL OUTCOME OF EARLY PRETERM STAGE II IUGR AT TWO HOSPITALS IN ADDIS ABABA: A RETROSPECTIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Kussia Kuntare , Mesfin Eyasu , Demissew Rahel
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background: Intrauterine growth restriction is a common obstetric complication. Based on the severity it is classified into stage 0-IV. Stage II IUGR is defined as ultrasound estimated fetal weight less than 10th percentile for gestational age with absent end diastolic velocity on umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound. Studies focusing on perinatal outcome of specific class of IUGR are limited.
Objective: The aim of this study is to show the magnitude of stage II IUGR and see the perinatal outcome of early preterm stage II IUGR at two public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Method: A retrospective cross sectional study conducted from January 2019 to August 2022. Data was collected from medical records using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Data was coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Result: There were 49,338 deliveries at the two study hospitals. Of these 192 pregnancies were complicated by stage II IUGR; 151 of which were diagnosed at the early preterm gestational age. The prevalence of stage II IUGR was 0.39% where as the prevalence of early preterm stage II IUGR was 0.3% out of the total deliveries. Preeclampsia was the leading obstetric complication diagnosed in 107 (70.9%) of the cases. Mode of delivery for all of the neonates was by cesarean section and all required NICU admission. The single most common perinatal morbidity was RDS, which accounted for 42 (27.8%) of the cases. Half of the 151 pregnancies diagnosed with early preterm stage II IUGR, 75 (50 %), ended up in perinatal death. Majority of the perinatal losses were during early neaonalal period, 56 % (42/75). Compared to those with birth weight of <1000gm those with birth weight of 1500-2499gm had more than 37 times chance of survival in the perinatal period (AOR=37.67 (7.05, 201.36), p<0.000).
Conclusion and recommendations: The prevalence of stage II IUGR was 0.39% where as the prevalence of early preterm stage II IUGR was 0.3%. Early preterm stage II IUGR was associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Birth weight was a determinant factor significantly associated with perinatal survival. Antenatal interventions that can help delay the onset of disease may help improve perinatal outcome.
Key terms: IUGR, Stage II IUGR, perinatal death, perinatal outcome.