bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Three-Dimensional Cement Quantification Method for Decision Prediction of Vertebral Recompression after Vertebroplasty
Authors: Zhang Yanming , Zhang Tao , Ge Xiang , Ma Yong , Cui Zhenduo , Wu Shuilin , Liang Yanqin , Zhu Shengli , Li Zhaoyang
Published: May 2022

Objective. Proposing parameters to quantify cement distribution and increasing accuracy for decision prediction of vertebroplasty postoperative complication. Methods. Finite element analysis was used to biomechanically assess vertebral mechanics (

n
=
51

) after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or kyphoplasty (PKP). The vertebral space was divided into 27 portions. The numbers of cement occupied portions and numbers of cement-endplate contact portions were defined as overall distribution number (oDN) and overall endplate contact number (oEP), respectively. And cement distribution was parametrized by oDN and oEP. The determination coefficients of vertebral mechanics and parameters (

R

2

) can validate the correlation of proposed parameters with vertebral mechanics. Results. oDN and oEP were mainly correlated with failure load (

R

2

=
0.729

) and stiffness (

R

2

=
0.684

), respectively. oDN, oEP, failure load, and stiffness had obvious difference between the PVP group and the PKP group (

P
<
0.05

). The regional endplate contact number in the front column is most correlated with vertebral stiffness (

R

2

=
0.59

) among all regional parameters. Cement volume and volume fraction are not dominant factors of vertebral augmentation, and they are not suitable for postoperative fracture risk prediction. Conclusions. Proposed parameters with high correlation on vertebral mechanics are promising for clinical utility. The oDN and oEP can strongly affect augmented vertebral mechanics thus is suitable for postoperative fracture risk prediction. The parameters are beneficial for decision-making process of revision surgery necessity. Parametrized methods are also favorable for surgeon’s preoperative planning. The methods can be inspirational for clinical image recognition development and auxiliary diagnosis.
The Combination of Internet of Things Technology Based on Probability Model Network and Mass Education
Authors: Xu Meiling
Published: May 2022

With the continuous development of the Internet of things, educational informatization has become a hot spot in the application of education. Internet of things technology, combined with various subject fields of education, can better achieve subject teaching objectives and teaching assistance. In the multimode teaching optimization model, weight distribution is a complex multiobjective decision-making problem. In this paper, a Bayesian network based on probability model is proposed, which is combined with the large entropy criterion to determine the comprehensive weight. The combination of Bayesian network and Bayesian statistics can make full use of the information of domain knowledge and sample data. Bayesian network uses arc to represent the dependence between variables and probability distribution table to represent the strength of dependence. It organically combines prior information with sample knowledge to promote the integration of prior knowledge and data, which is particularly effective when sample data is sparse or difficult to obtain. Bayesian network is used to associate objective attributes and influencing factors to self-study the target weight. By grasping the characteristics of information technology and the nature of university citizenship curriculum, this paper further analyzes the internal relationship between them, promotes the deep integration of the two, and improves the effectiveness of university citizenship curriculum teaching. By grasping the characteristics of information technology and the nature of the school civics curriculum, we promote a deeper integration of the two. It is my education that is more advanced.
Analysis of Key Factors Affecting the Coke Pushing Stability of Coke Pusher
Authors: Xiang Jin
Published: May 2022

In order to find out the key factor affecting the stability of coke pusher, the structural deformation and vibration mode parameters of the coke pusher are obtained by thermal-structural coupling simulation and thermal-modal coupling simulation, and the vibration signals in the process of coke pushing are collected for time-domain analysis and time-frequency analysis. The results show that the coke pusher vibrates after being affected by the friction, and the vibration frequencies are close to the natural frequencies; that is, the friction has a great influence on the stability of the coke pushing rod. In addition, affected by the friction, the deformation of the bottom of coke pusher is the largest, resulting in unstable contact between the bottom of coke pusher and the ground of carbonization chamber, which is very easy to cause vibration.
Learning Efficient Dynamic Controller for HVAC System
Authors: Xu Dongsheng
Published: May 2022

People employ a variety of devices to achieve comfort in various aspects of their lives; for example, numerous types of air conditioners are used to maintain a pleasant indoor temperature. The wide applications of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems have significantly improved the comfort level of the indoor environment for commercial buildings. However, air conditioners have their own set of issues, the most significant of which is the increased energy usage. Besides the fact that HVAC is a recent move toward the indoor temperature adjustment, the energy cost that arose from the HVAC system is still high, which takes up over 40% of the total energy. How to develop an energy-eﬀicient HVAC system has become one of the challenging topics that need further investigation. This paper addresses this problem with the aid of deep learning (DL) algorithms. Furthermore, this study proposes an energy-eﬀicient controller and improvement schemes for HVAC systems based on deep reinforcement learning algorithms. To reduce the implementation cost of the proposed design, this study utilizes neural network pruning techniques to develop a low-complexity HVAC controller. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this study not only retains a high energy-saving rate but also reduces the implementation cost of the HVAC control algorithm.
Throughput Maximization for Wireless Powered Buffer-Aided Successive Relaying Networks
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Qingchun , Cai Lin X.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we consider a wireless powered cooperative network, where two energy-constrained buffer-aided relays harvest energy from the source to assist the information delivery to the destination. To improve the spectral efficiency, a wireless powered successive relaying (WPSR) protocol is proposed to allow both relays to receive the information from the source and forward the buffered data to the destination, taking into consideration of the inter-relay-interference (IRI). We first reveal the impact of data buffers and energy storages at the relays by the achievable throughput comparison of the WPSR scheduling schemes with and without considering data buffers and energy storages. Our analysis validates the great potential of the buffer-and-forward data transmission and the harvest-store-use energy management strategies. Then, the network throughput is maximized via adaptive time and power allocation subject to the stability constraints of data buffers and energy buffers, and an adaptive wireless powered buffer-aided successive relaying (WPBSR) scheduling scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme approaches the optimal throughput of the wireless powered successive relaying network with bounded delay and finite length of data and energy buffers. Numerical results validate the analysis and noticeable spectral efficiency gain.
Investigation of Forming Behaviour of Metal-Polymer Sandwich Composite through Limit Dome Height Test Simulations
Authors: Bekele Tsegaye , Janaki Ramulu Perumalla , Beri Habtamu , Siraji Amrela , Praveen Kumar Reddy P.
Published: May 2022

Metal-polymer-metal (MPM) sandwich composites are in the class of proficient engineering materials which give outstanding strength-to-weight ratios because of their comparatively low density. These materials are vital constituents within the automobile, aerospace, marine, and civil construction industries as substitutes for sheet metals that considerably reduce weight while not compromising functionality. Moreover, these materials have supplementary qualities like sound dampening and thermal insulation capabilities. For these materials to be utilized within the aforesaid industries, they need to bear numerous forming processes that are essential in product manufacturing. This paper investigated formability analysis of metal-polymer sandwich composites made of “AW 6082-PVC-AW 6082 (APA)” and “galvanized steel-PVC-galvanized steel (GPG)” sandwich sheets, considering epoxy structural adhesives as the binding agent, via FEA simulation. All the FEA simulations were performed using Altair HyperWorks software. For evaluating the formability, the actual limit dome height (LDH)—biaxial strain path—tests were simulated using FEM software. The results analyzed are forming limit diagram (FLD), punch force distribution, and a dome height at diverse conditions of punch velocity and friction. A comparison is made to represent the best combinations for formability of the sandwich composites. Maximum formability and dome height are attained at low friction conditions and forming speed. It has also been observed that LDH simulations are very sensitive to friction, and it has a substantial impact on the test outputs. Maximum thinning (or fracture) generally moves away from the apex of the dome towards the die corner radius as the friction increases from zero upwards.
Recognition and Detection Methods of Artificial Intelligence in Computer Network Faults under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Ge Meng
Published: May 2022

With the widespread use of computers and the rapid development of Internet technology, computer application technology has become more and more important in people’s work and life. The article mainly studies particle swarm optimization (PSO) and radial basis neural network function (RBF). Particle swarm optimization is an evolutionary swarm intelligence algorithm, such as nonderivative node transfer function or gradient information loss. Because its principle is simple and easy to implement, it can deal with some problems that cannot be solved by traditional methods. It is widely used in neural networks, and has achieved good results in many fields such as network training, performance optimization, and system mismanagement. RBF neural network is a feedforward neural network, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional neural network learning process that the convergence is highly dependent on the initial value and can only be partially converged. This paper organically combines PSO algorithm and RBF neural network to study the detection and detection of computer network faults. The results show that although the prediction error of the improved network model on the experimental test set is still only 89.3% different from that of the SVM model, its convergence time is reduced to 0.90699885 s, which can effectively detect and identify computer network faults.
Magnitude of Prompt HIV-Seropositive Status Disclosure to Partner and Associated Factors among Adult Clients on ART at Holeta Health Center, Central Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Kebede Guta , Dufera Adugna , Kolola Tufa , Girma Teka , Belema Daniel
Published: May 2022

Background. Disclosure of HIV-seropositive status is important for HIV prevention and maintenance of health for people living with HIV and the community at large. Most of the disclosure in our country and elsewhere were after putting the partner at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess prompt HIV-seropositive status disclosure to partner and its associated factors among people living with HIV and attending care and treatment at a health center, in central Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 15, 2019, to March 15, 2020, among 438 people living with HIV who were more than 18 years old and had sexual partner attending ART clinic at Holeta Health Center, central Ethiopia. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the magnitude of prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure to partner and multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure. Results. A total of 434 study participants took part in this study giving a response rate of 99%. Three hundred thirteen (72.1%) respondents disclosed their seropositive status to their partners promptly. Being married (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.09–8.21), less than 24-months duration on treatment (AOR = 0.185, 95% CI = 0.076–0.454), discouraging response of partner about the test (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.0149–0.780), knowing serostatus of one’s own partner (AOR = 10.42, 95% CI = 4.19–25.19), and using condom always with a partner (AOR = 11.44, 95% CI = 3.37–38.79) were factors significantly associated with prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure to partner. Conclusion. The proportion of prompt disclosure of HIV seropositive status to partner was low when compared to the overall partner disclosure rate. Being in marriage, less than 24 months duration on treatment, discouraging response of partner about the test, knowing serostatus of one’s partner, and using condom always with a partner were identified as predictors of prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure to partner.
Effectiveness Analysis of Entrepreneurial Method with Computer Data Simulation
Authors: Shao Yuanjun
Published: May 2022

Entrepreneurship has permeated all parts of society as a result of society’s development. College students are the main force of today’s entrepreneurship, and this work takes college students as the object of research. College students should focus not only on quantity but also on quality. In recent years, college students have engaged in a greater number of entrepreneurial activities, although their efficacy and influence have been limited. To improve the effectiveness of college students’ entrepreneurial methods, it is necessary to analyze their entrepreneurial methods to evaluate their effectiveness for method. This work presents a neural network for evaluating the efficacy of entrepreneurial strategies and employs computer data simulation technologies to validate effectiveness using a neural network and computer data simulation. First, using characteristics of global optimization of particle swarm optimization (PSO), a dynamic domain population model is proposed to improve it. The new model is with a K-means clustering algorithm and aims to increase the diversity of the population. The enhanced PSO (KPSO) algorithm has a better global optimization ability, thus particles are less likely to fall into local extreme values. Second, maintain consistency between the particle dimension size in KPSO and the weights and thresholds in the BP network and create a mapping link between KPSO and the weights and thresholds. After determining the topology for the neural network, the improved BP network (KPSO-BP) is utilized to analyze the effectiveness of college students’ entrepreneurial methods. Third, the computer data simulation results verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.
Preparation and Characteristic of Polyurethane Powder Adhesives with Heating Resistance Modified by Nanosilica
Authors: Ren Xiue , Liao Zepeng , Fan Chenyang , Lin Haibo
Published: May 2022

Polyurethane powder adhesives (PPAs) have a great application prospect in various areas. However, the weakly adhesion property at high temperature greatly hindered its application. In this study, nanosilica as reinforcing agent and dispersing agent has been introduced during the preparation of PPAs. A series of the polyurethane powder adhesives modified by nanosilica were prepared and the influence of adding order of nanosilica on the heat resistance and adhesive strength properties of PPAs has been investigated. The results showed that the T-peel strength of most samples after second heat (heated at 70°C for 24 hours) decreased about 60-80% comparing with the original T-peel strength. However, PPSY only decreased 17.5%, which indicated the nanosilica added after the chain extension reaction, in the prepolymer synthesis could increase the heat resistance performance of polyurethane powder adhesives. It also means the nanosilica was doped between the PU chains keeping the original form as enhancement reagent adding the nanosilica after the chain extension reaction. The excellent heat resistance performance of PPSY could meet the requirements of the industrial gluing in the fields of footwear.
Design of a Computer-Based Legal Information Retrieval System
Authors: Wu Feng , Ji Yanting , Shi Wenping
Published: May 2022

In today’s society, people’s lives are increasingly inseparable from computer information. Due to the continuous improvement of technology and the rapid development of internet technology, the network environment is becoming more and more complex, which makes it easy to cause loopholes in the information retrieval system when people use the network. Therefore, it is especially important to search for legal knowledge by computer. In order to adapt to this change and demand, we need a retrieval system to provide the corresponding search function, legal information content, and management and other services, so as to achieve the purpose of computer legal information retrieval. The legal information retrieval system is computer based, draws conclusions from the analysis of relevant data, and then applies them to judicial trial cases, criminal investigations, and other fields to provide a reference for relevant legal issues. The system is designed to combine computer technology with a criminal investigation and other fields, and then analyze the data to draw the corresponding conclusions. The retrieval algorithms used are mainly image and content retrieval algorithms, and image retrieval algorithms mainly use image segmentation technology, while content retrieval algorithms mainly use the cuckoo algorithm. At present, the information construction and economic and social development in China have become one of the issues of common concern and need to be solved by all countries in the world. The study of the legal information retrieval system is of great importance in the construction of information technology and the development of economic society.
Material Alternatives for Concrete Structures on Remote Islands: Based on Life‐Cycle‐Cost Analysis
Authors: Liu Guiwen , Hua Jianmin , Wang Neng , Deng Wenjie , Xue Xuanyi
Published: May 2022

Corrosion is an unavoidable problem for RC structures in harsh marine environment, which encourages the application of high‐performance concrete (HPC) and corrosion‐resistant reinforcements, such as stainless steel (SS), stainless‐clad bimetallic steel (SB) and FRP. Especially, for the RC structures in remote islands or reefs, the use of local materials (coral, sea water, etc.) may bring cost benefits by avoiding the high expansive fee. In this paper, the cost effectiveness of five different material proposals is evaluated and compared based on the life‐cycle‐cost analysis (LCCA), incorporating not only initial cost but also long‐term investment into account. The LCCA results of a 3‐floor office building in the South China Sea shows that basically the SB + HPC proposal shows the highest cost benefits considering a 100‐year period while the proposals using coral aggregate seawater concrete (CASC) are not that competitive. The sensitivity analysis is performed to address the influence of discount rate and construction‐to‐material cost ratio.
GAP-MM: 5G-Enabled Real-Time Autonomous Vehicle Platoon Membership Management Based on Blockchain
Authors: Wu Bin , Wu Qilin , Ying Zuobin
Published: May 2022

Autonomous Vehicle Platoon (AVP) is the most anticipated application of 5G ultrareliable and low latency communications. By joining the preexisting platoon to form the real-time AVP (RAVP), individual vehicles could gain benefits such as fuel consumption reduction and traffic safety enhancement. Unlike the scheduled AVP which only contains fixed vehicles, members in RAVP change frequently since individual vehicles would want to join or leave the platoon any time. Besides, malicious vehicles may attempt to sneak into the RAVP and try to manipulate the platoon. Public key cryptography and access control mechanisms can be adopted to create a relatively isolated area for communication inside the platoon. Nevertheless, there exist few works that take into account the regulation of the dynamic change members in RAVP. In this paper, we propose a membership management scheme for 5G-enabled RAVP by integrating revocable attribute-based encryption (RABE) and blockchain, namely, GAP-MM. It realizes fine-grained access control of key distribution and malicious vehicle’s key revocation efficiently. The sufficient evaluations and security analysis indicate that GAP-MM is practical for RAVP scenario in terms of both efficiency and security.
hsa-miR-9-5p-Mediated TSPAN9 Downregulation Is Positively Related to Both Poor Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis and the Tumor Immune Infiltration
Authors: Tan Shengkui , Song Xin , Zhang Chenchen , Sun Yishu , Zhang Jiaxi , Zhang Zhongqi , Zhang Rongcheng , Zhang Tianmiao , Zhu Xiaonian , Tan Hongzhuan
Published: May 2022

Tetraspanins (TSPANs) play crucial roles in cell adhesion, migration, and metastasis of human cancer. However, there is no study in revealing the aspects of TSPAN9 traits and its functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. Our study is the first to portray the TSPAN9 expression in HCC tissues with immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Subsequently, a series of bioinformatics analyses such as expression estimation, survival assessment, and correlation analysis were implemented to dig out the possible upstream noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) for TSPAN9 in HCC. In this way, the relevance within TSPAN9 and tumor immunity was then explored. We found that the TSPAN9 was downregulated in HCC tissues and had a correlation with HCC prognosis. Furthermore, we identified that the AL139383.1-hsa-miR-9-5p axis was the upstream ncRNA-related pathway most associated with TSPAN9 in HCC. Besides that, expression of TSPAN9 held a significantly negative correlation with tumor immunocyte infiltration as well as immune checkpoint CTLA4. TSPAN9-related immunomodulators were mainly enriched in T cell activation, leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, regulation of T cell activation, and regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results indicated that hsa-miR-9-5p-mediated downregulation of TSPAN9 was associated with poor HCC prognosis, immune-related signaling pathway, and tumor immune infiltration.
Nonlinear Control Method of Superconducting Energy Storage considering Voltage Imbalance in Distribution Network
Authors: Xin Tuo , Li Fei
Published: May 2022

A new nonlinear control approach of superconducting energy storage is devised under the condition of addressing the voltage imbalance of the distribution network in order to obtain more precise control of superconducting energy storage devices (SMEs). The model of the superconducting energy storage device is built on the basis of determining the voltage imbalance signal of the distribution network. Aiming at the situation that the voltage of the device will change at the same time when the structure of the device changes, a nonlinear controller is designed to estimate the discontinuous interference state of the nonlinear controller device and combined with the nonlinear control algorithm to realize the nonlinear control of superconducting energy storage. The simulation test results demonstrate that the design method can accomplish a more accurate signal tracking cut and that switching voltage generation estimation is performed well. It shows that the design method can meet the actual nonlinear control requirements of a superconducting energy storage device.
Natural History and Characteristics of ERBB2-mutated Hormone Receptor–positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Case–control Study from AACR Project GENIE
Authors: LeNoue-Newton Michele L. , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Stricker Thomas , Hyman David M. , Blauvelt Natalie , Bedard Philippe L. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Punglia Rinaa S. , Schrag Deborah , Lepisto Eva M. , Andre Fabrice , Smyth Lillian , Dogan Semih , Yu Celeste , Wathoo Chetna , Levy Mia , Eli Lisa D. , Xu Feng , Mann Grace , Lalani Alshad S. , Ye Fei , Micheel Christine M. , Arnedos Monica
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

We wanted to determine the prognosis and the phenotypic characteristics of hormone receptor–positive advanced breast cancer tumors harboring an ERBB2 mutation in the absence of a HER2 amplification.

Experimental Design:

We retrospectively collected information from the American Association of Cancer Research-Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange registry database from patients with hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative, ERBB2-mutated advanced breast cancer. Phenotypic and co-mutational features, as well as response to treatment and outcome were compared with matched control cases ERBB2 wild type.

Results:

A total of 45 ERBB2-mutant cases were identified for 90 matched controls. The presence of an ERBB2 mutation was not associated with worse outcome determined by overall survival (OS) from first metastatic relapse. No significant differences were observed in phenotypic characteristics apart from higher lobular infiltrating subtype in the ERBB2-mutated group. ERBB2 mutation did not seem to have an impact in response to treatment or time-to-progression (TTP) to endocrine therapy compared with ERBB2 wild type. In the co-mutational analyses, CDH1 mutation was more frequent in the ERBB2-mutated group (FDR < 1). Although not significant, fewer co-occurring ESR1 mutations and more KRAS mutations were identified in the ERBB2-mutated group.

Conclusions:

ERBB2-activating mutation was not associated with a worse OS from time of first metastatic relapse, or differences in TTP on treatment as compared with a series of matched controls. Although not significant, differences in coexisting mutations (CDH1, ESR1, and KRAS) were noted between the ERBB2-mutated and the control group.
Single-cell Characterization of the Cellular Landscape of Acral Melanoma Identifies Novel Targets for Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Jiannong , Smalley Inna , Chen Zhihua , Wu Jheng-Yu , Phadke Manali S. , Teer Jamie K. , Nguyen Thanh , Karreth Florian A. , Koomen John M. , Sarnaik Amod A. , Zager Jonathan S. , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Sondak Vernon K. , Rodriguez Paulo C. , Messina Jane L. , Chen Y. Ann , Smalley Keiran S.M.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Acral melanoma is a rare subtype of melanoma that arises on the non–hair-bearing skin of the palms, soles, and nail beds. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map the transcriptional landscape of acral melanoma and identify novel immunotherapeutic targets.

Experimental Design:

We performed scRNA-seq on nine clinical specimens (five primary, four metastases) of acral melanoma. Detailed cell type curation was performed, the immune landscapes were mapped, and key results were validated by analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and single-cell datasets. Cell–cell interactions were inferred and compared with those in nonacral cutaneous melanoma.

Results:

Multiple phenotypic subsets of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells with varying levels of activation/exhaustion were identified. A comparison between primary and metastatic acral melanoma identified gene signatures associated with changes in immune responses and metabolism. Acral melanoma was characterized by a lower overall immune infiltrate, fewer effector CD8 T cells and NK cells, and a near-complete absence of γδ T cells compared with nonacral cutaneous melanomas. Immune cells associated with acral melanoma exhibited expression of multiple checkpoints including PD-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4, V-domain immunoglobin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), TIGIT, and the Adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2). VISTA was expressed in 58.3% of myeloid cells and TIGIT was expressed in 22.3% of T/NK cells.

Conclusions:

Acral melanoma has a suppressed immune environment compared with that of cutaneous melanoma from nonacral skin. Expression of multiple, therapeutically tractable immune checkpoints were observed, offering new options for clinical translation.
Zusammenhänge zwischen Optimismus, Pessimismus und PTBS-Symptomatik bei seit Kurzem in Deutschland lebenden Geflüchteten
Authors: Papke Charlotte , Glaesmer Heide , Nesterko Yuriy
Published: May 2022

Geflüchtete machen im Zusammenhang mit ihrer Flucht häufig traumatische Erfahrungen und weisen deutlich erhöhte Prävalenzraten für die posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) und andere psychische Störungen auf. Optimismus zeigte in vielfältigen anderen Kontexten eine protektive Wirkung auf die psychische Gesundheit. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht im Rahmen eines querschnittlichen Designs, ob auch bei Geflüchteten Zusammenhänge zwischen Optimismus, Pessimismus und der Symptomatik der PTBS bestehen. Anhand einer Stichprobe von Geflüchteten (N = 554), die zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung (2017–2018) erst seit Kurzem in Deutschland waren, wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen (a) Optimismus, Pessimismus und dem Schweregrad der PTBS-Symptomatik und (b) Optimismus, Pessimismus und der Ausprägung der Symptomatik in den verschiedenen Symptomclustern der PTBS untersucht. Optimismus und Pessimismus wurden mit dem Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) erfasst, PTBS-Symptomatik mit der Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Zusätzlich wurden fluchtbezogene und soziodemographische Variablen erhoben. Optimismus war negativ mit der Gesamtsymptomatik der PTBS sowie der Symptomatik in den Clustern Intrusionen, Negative Kognition und Stimmung sowie Hyperarousal assoziiert. Umgekehrt zeigte Pessimismus positive Zusammenhänge mit diesen vier Variablen. Weder Optimismus noch Pessimismus waren signifikant mit dem Cluster Vermeidung assoziiert. Die Ergebnisse können als vorsichtiger Hinweis darauf interpretiert werden, dass Optimismus zu Resilienz bei Geflüchteten beiträgt.
Der Wert des jährlichen Glaukom-Screenings für Erwachsene mit hohem Risiko im Alter von 60 bis 80 Jahren
Authors: Allison Karen , Patel Deepkumar , Besharim Caren
Published: May 2022

Das Glaukom wird in den nächsten drei Jahrzehnten als Problem der öffentlichen Gesundheit an Bedeutung gewinnen, da die Größe der alternden US-Bevölkerung zunimmt. Denn das Glaukom ist unter Afro- und Hispanoamerikanern weiter verbreitet, und diese Gruppen werden bald zahlenmäßig die Kaukasier übertreffen. Daher ist es umso dringender, dass ein Überweisungsprotokoll für das Screening von Hochrisikogruppen als Standard der Versorgung eingeführt wird. Mindestens die Hälfte der Glaukom-Patienten weiß nicht, dass sie an einem Glaukom leiden, und die Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität derjenigen, deren Glaukom zu einer Sehbehinderung oder Erblindung führt, sind erheblich. Ohne Screening wird das Glaukom wahrscheinlich viele Familien, insbesondere die unterversorgten, und die Gesellschaft über die Maßen belasten. Die Aufklärung der Öffentlichkeit, der Personen mit erhöhtem Risiko und ihrer Ärzte über das Glaukom, die Bedeutung eines objektiven Screenings und eine frühzeitige Behandlung auch bei symptomfreien Patienten sind für den Erfolg eines jeden Screening-Protokolls entscheidend.
Migração contemporânea e educação
Authors: Rodrigues Leda Maria Oliveira , Soares Cybele de Faria e , Miyahira Elbio , Cunha Marinaldo , Molinari Simone Garbi Santaba
Published: May 2022

O tema imigração remete ao processo de rompimento que caracteriza o migrante, marcado por seu local de origem. Não somente sua recepção no país escolhido parece depender dessa marca como também a forma que encontra para manter alguma unidade identitária, esta, constantemente dependente das relações sociais deixadas no outro espaço. Ao atribuir sentido e buscar as razões que o fizeram se estabelecer em solo estranho ao seu de origem, comumente, o migrante as encontra no país emissor. O interesse da pesquisa é compreender a inserção dos imigrantes na escola, pensando-a como local de recepção dos filhos dos imigrantes e onde se lhes apresenta a cultura e o modo de vida da sociedade receptora; a emergência desse grupo no espaço escolar é um dos diferentes aspectos da recente imigração, algo que precisa ser estudado e debatido. Os conceitos de Sayad (2010), Elias (2000), Martine (2005) e outros colaboram para explicar o fenômeno da migração e da educação.
O programa de educação continuada na formação de professores da rede pública: o papel dos e-mails no desenvolvimento do curso
Authors: Nicolau Marieta Lucia Machado
Published: May 2022

O texto aborda o conteúdo dos e-mails enviados espontaneamente pelos professores de um programa de formação da rede pública paulista. Foram analisadas centenas de e-mails recebidos dos professores que possibilitaram conhecer melhor a população alvo, interesses, opiniões, expectativas, sugestões apresentadas, elogios e críticas que foram aproveitados para introduzir modificações no programa.
Culturas infantis e quadrinhos: entre subordinações e resistências
Authors: Silva Marta Regina Paulo da
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa de doutorado realizada em uma pré-escola municipal com crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade. Teve como objetivo, investigar a produção das culturas infantis a partir das experiências com a linguagem das histórias em quadrinhos (HQs). Neste sentido, voltou seu olhar para as produções gráficas das crianças de modo a compreender como estas se apropriam dos códigos das HQs, o que deles reproduzem e (re)inventam. Trata-se de um estudo de caso em que foram utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos: a observação e registro de campo, relatos orais, análise de documentos, análise das HQs e desenhos das crianças. Buscou-se a interlocução com a filosofia, sociologia da infância, pedagogia da infância e arte. Demonstra-se serem as HQs parte da cultura material da infância, que as crianças compartilham entre si, com as professoras e com suas famílias. Constatou-se um trabalho pedagógico escolarizante que, marcado por uma visão adultocêntrica, procura acelerar processos de escrita e formar para competências. Deparou-se com movimentos de resistências das crianças, que reivindicavam constantemente gestos de ruptura contra tal modelo.
Imagined Musical Scale Relationships Decoded from Auditory Cortex
Authors: May Lloyd , Halpern Andrea R. , Paulsen Sean D. , Casey Michael A.
Published: May 2022

Notes in a musical scale convey different levels of stability or incompleteness, forming what is known as a tonal hierarchy. Levels of stability conveyed by these scale degrees are partly responsible for generating expectations as a melody proceeds, for emotions deriving from fulfillment (or not) of those expectations, and for judgments of overall melodic well-formedness. These functions can be extracted even during imagined music. We investigated whether patterns of neural activity in fMRI could be used to identify heard and imagined notes, and if patterns associated with heard notes could identify notes that were merely imagined. We presented trained musicians with the beginning of a scale (key and timbre were varied). The next note in the scale was either heard or imagined. A probe tone task assessed sensitivity to the tonal hierarchy, and state and trait measures of imagery were included as predictors. Multivoxel classification yielded above-chance results in primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus) for heard scale-degree decoding. Imagined scale-degree decoding was successful in multiple cortical regions spanning bilateral superior temporal, inferior parietal, precentral, and inferior frontal areas. The right superior temporal gyrus yielded successful cross-decoding of heard-to-imagined scale-degree, indicating a shared pathway between tonal-hierarchy perception and imagery. Decoding in right and left superior temporal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus was more successful in people with more differentiated tonal hierarchies and in left inferior frontal gyrus among people with higher self-reported auditory imagery vividness, providing a link between behavioral traits and success of neural decoding. These results point to the neural specificity of imagined auditory experiences—even of such functional knowledge—but also document informative individual differences in the precision of that neural response.
Hearing “Birch” Hampers Saying “Duck”—An Event-Related Potential Study on Phonological Interference in Immediate and Delayed Word Production
Authors: Mädebach Andreas , Widmann Andreas , Posch Melina , Schröger Erich , Jescheniak Jörg D.
Published: May 2022

When speakers name a picture (e.g., “duck”), a distractor word phonologically related to an alternative name (e.g., “birch” related to “bird”) slows down naming responses compared with an unrelated distractor word. This interference effect obtained with the picture–word interference task is assumed to reflect the phonological coactivation of close semantic competitors and is critical for evaluating contemporary models of word production. In this study, we determined the event-related brain potential (ERP) signature of this effect in immediate and delayed versions of the picture–word interference task. ERPs revealed a differential processing of related and unrelated distractors: an early (305–436 msec) and a late (537–713 msec) negativity for related as compared with unrelated distractors. In the behavioral data, the interference effect was only found in immediate naming, whereas its ERP signature was also present in delayed naming. The time window of the earlier ERP effect suggests that the behavioral interference effect indeed emerges at a phonological processing level, whereas the functional significance of the later ERP effect is as yet not clear. The finding of a robust ERP correlate of phonological coactivation might facilitate future research on lexical processing in word production.
Do women undertake interdisciplinary research more than men, and do self-citations bias observed differences?
Authors: Pinheiro Henrique , Durning Matt , Campbell David
Published: May 2022

Some studies have shown that women undertake interdisciplinary research more than men, whereas other studies have shown no difference by gender. Women have also been shown to self-cite less often than men, a difference at least partly mediated through differences in career stages and prior productivity. Existing evidence on gender-based differences in interdisciplinarity may therefore be biased. If interdisciplinarity is inferred from the disciplinary diversity of a paper’s cited references, a greater share of self-citations by men could decrease their measured interdisciplinarity relative to women. Such biases could lead to erroneous conclusions, because after correcting for self-citations one might uncover that women participate in interdisciplinary research equally to, or less than, men. Given that funding for interdisciplinary research is gaining in importance, obtaining accurate measurements of interdisciplinarity by gender is highly relevant for funders so that they can take appropriate action(s) in leveling the playing field across gender. For instance, evidence suggests women are sometimes advised not to participate in interdisciplinary research due to the risk it represents for their career progression. This study shows that a paper’s interdisciplinarity increases with the presence of female authors, accounting or not for self-citations in the interdisciplinarity measurement.
Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa
Authors: ZHOU YA-DONG , MWACHALA GEOFFREY , HU GUANG-WAN , WANG QING-FENG
Published: May 2022

Mount Kenya, with its rich plant diversity, is among the famous tropical mountains in the world, and is the second highest mountain in Africa after Mount Kilimanjaro. An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya was compiled through several approaches including our own collections from 2009 to 2018. A total of 1 545 vascular plants are found on Mount Kenya, including 1 481 indigenous and 64 exotics. The indigenous species are represented by nine lycophytes (five genera, two families), 129 ferns (56 genera, 20 families), three gymnosperms (three genera, two families), and 1 340 angiosperms (624 genera, 132 families). Trees constitute 9.92% of the flora, shrubs 15.99%, lianas 3.10%, climbers 4.45%, herbs 57.22%, lycophytes 0.61%, and ferns 8.70%. The two types of forest vegetation (lower montane wet forest and lower montane dry forest) have the highest and nival zone have the lowest species richness. In total, 18.96% of the species are distributed in Africa and other continents, 60.26% are endemic to Africa, 12.17% are endemic to Tropical East Africa, 3.17% are endemic to Kenya, 1.29% are endemic to Mount Kenya, and 4.14% are exotic plants. These results provide foundational data for further studies, and also provided support for the local government to formulate conservation policies.
The Giordani Soika collection of Eumeninae at the Natural History Museum of Venice Giancarlo Ligabue: catalogue of species and type specimens (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Authors: POS DAVIDE DAL , CARPENTER JAMES M. , ULIANA MARCO
Published: May 2022

An account of the Antonio Giordani Soika Eumeninae collection housed at the Natural History Museum of Venice Giancarlo Ligabue is presented, following its recent reorganization. A list of identified species, with the count of specimens, is provided, as well as details on type specimens. With over 21,000 identified specimens and 2,756 type specimens from all zoogeographical regions, the collection covers over 60% of the world’s Eumeninae species. Several incongruities emerged during the verification of type specimens. A brief history of the collection is presented, with comments on Giordani Soika’s activity.
Observations of the Turkana Jet and the East African Dry Tropics: The RIFTJet Field Campaign
Authors: Munday Callum , Engelstaedter Sebastian , Ouma Gilbert , Ogutu Geoffrey , Olago Daniel , Ong’ech Dennis , Lees Thomas , Wanguba Bonface , Nkatha Rose , Ogolla Clinton , Gàlgalo Roba Ali , Dokata Abdi Jillo , Kirui Erick , Hope Robert , Washington Richard
Published: May 2022

The Turkana low-level jet (LLJ) is an intrinsic part of the African climate system. It is the principle conduit for water vapor transport to the African interior from the Indian Ocean, and droughts in East Africa tend to occur when the jet is strong. The only direct observations of the Turkana jet come from manual tracking of pilot balloons in the 1980s. Now, modern reanalysis datasets disagree with one another over the strength of jet winds and underestimate the strength of the jet by 25%–75% compared to the pilot balloon data. This article gives an overview of a field campaign based in northwest Kenya—the Radiosonde Investigation for the Turkana Jet (RIFTJet)—which measured the Turkana jet for the first time in 40 years using modern technologies. Radiosonde data reveal a persistent low-level jet, which formed on every night of the campaign, with an average low-level maximum wind speed of 16.8 m s−1 at 0300 LT. One of the latest reanalysis datasets (ERA5) underestimates low-level wind speeds by an average of 24% (4.1 m s−1) at 0300 LT and by 33% (3.6 m s−1) at 1500 LT. The measurements confirm the role of the Turkana LLJ in water vapor transport: mean water vapor transport at Marsabit is 172 kg m s−1. The dataset provides new opportunities to understand regional dynamics, and to evaluate models in one of the most data-sparse regions in the world.
Enhanced Near-Inertial Waves and Turbulent Diapycnal Mixing Observed in a Cold- and Warm-Core Eddy in the Kuroshio Extension Region
Authors: Li Qi , Chen Zhaohui , Guan Shoude , Yang Haiyuan , Jing Zhao , Liu Yongzheng , Sun Bingrong , Wu Lixin
Published: May 2022

Shipboard observations of upper-ocean current, temperature–salinity, and turbulent dissipation rate were used to study near-inertial waves (NIWs) and turbulent diapycnal mixing in a cold-core eddy (CE) and warm-core eddy (WE) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region. The two eddies shed from the KE were energetic, with the maximum velocity exceeding 1 m s−1 and relative vorticity magnitude as high as 0.6f. The mode regression method was proposed to extract NIWs from the shipboard ADCP velocities. The NIW amplitudes were 0.15 and 0.3 m s−1 in the CE and WE, respectively, and their constant phase lines were nearly slanted along the heaving isopycnals. In the WE, the NIWs were trapped in the negative vorticity core and amplified at the eddy base (at 350–650 m), which was consistent with the “inertial chimney” effect documented in existing literature. Outstanding NIWs in the background wavefield were also observed inside the positive vorticity core of the CE, despite their lower strength and shallower residence (above 350 m) compared to the counterparts in the WE. Particularly, the near-inertial kinetic energy efficiently propagated downward and amplified below the surface layer in both eddies, leading to an elevated turbulent dissipation rate of up to 10−7 W kg−1. In addition, bidirectional energy exchanges between the NIWs and mesoscale balanced flow occurred during NIWs’ downward propagation. The present study provides observational evidence for the enhanced downward NIW propagation by mesoscale eddies, which has significant implications for parameterizing the wind-driven diapycnal mixing in the eddying ocean.

Significance Statement

We provide observational evidence for the downward propagation of near-inertial waves enhanced by mesoscale eddies. This is significant because the down-taking of wind energy by the near-inertial waves is an important energy source for turbulent mixing in the interior ocean, which is essential to the shaping of ocean circulation and climate. The anticyclonic eddies are widely regarded as a conduit for the downward near-inertial energy propagation, while the cyclonic eddies activity influencing the near-inertial waves propagation lacks clear cognition. In this study, enhanced near-inertial waves and turbulent dissipation were observed inside both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies in the Kuroshio Extension region, which has significant implications for improving the parameterization of turbulent mixing in ocean circulation and climate models.
MRD in multiple myeloma: does CR really matter?
Authors: Paiva Bruno , San-Miguel Jesus , Avet-Loiseau Hervé
Published: May 2022

Multiple myeloma embodies the paradigm of the deeper the response, the longer the survival. However, results are conflicting regarding achievement of complete remission (CR) and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity; some patients with persistent M protein have undetectable MRD. We reviewed the frequency of this discordance and outcomes of these patients. We spotlight possible explanations for and consequences of conflicting response criteria and suggest that MRD be assessed in patients achieving very good partial response or better in clinical trials.