bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Perlindungan Lingkungan Sebagai Bagian dariPerlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif
Authors: Suryati  , Teguh Anindito  , Wiwin Mochtar Wiyono  , Nurlaeli Sukesti Ariani Nasution
Published: October 2024

The issue to be discussed is environmental protection efforts as part of the protection of human rights inIndonesian positive law. This writing uses normative research methods. The results of the analysis show thatthere are several government programs to protect the environment in Indonesia, for example, the NationalAction Plan for Human Rights, and the planting of a million trees. Legal instruments on environmentalprotection as part of the protection of Human Rights, which are based on national law as contained in the1945 Constitution, Law No. 32/2009, and Law No. 39/1999. Then based on international law, it is stated inPrinciple 1 of the Declaration. Stockholm 1972, and its Preamble. However, there is still a lot of damage orenvironmental problems caused by humans. Realizing how important the environment is as part of human rights,the community should be more concerned about protecting and respecting the environment for the sake ofsurvival. In order to minimize environmental problems, in addition to the existing regulations, strictersupervision and enforcement are also needed. Environmental protection in Indonesia needs to be furtherimproved so that the continuity of life is more guaranteed, because the right to a good environment is the right ofevery human being.
UNIVERZE KOT POSPEŠEVALEC
TRAJNOSTNEGA RAZVOJA:
PRIMER TRAJNOSTNA FDV
Authors: ARBEITER Jana , JAKLIČ Andreja , LOZAR MANFREDA Katja
Published: October 2024

Povzetek. Fakulteta za družbene vede (FDV) je kot del Univerze v Ljubljani (UL) pomemben akter pri pospeševanju uresničevanja ciljev trajnostnega razvoja (CTR), saj gre za največjo in najbolj interdisciplinarno
družboslovno fakulteto v državi, ki v svojem poslanstvu vključuje vse tri
ključne vidike trajnostnega razvoja: družbenega, gospodarskega in okoljskega. Strokovnjaki in strokovnjakinje (raziskovalci/-lke in pedagogi/-nje)
so aktivno vključeni v mednarodne mreže za oblikovanje, izobraževanje
in merjenje CTR ter sodelujejo v spremljanju in uresničevanju Agende za
trajnostni razvoj do leta 2030, ki je zgodovinsko najbolj ambiciozen globalni sporazum za doseganje trajnostnega razvoja. Iz mednarodnih projektov
prenašajo tudi izkušnje ter reference na področju globalnega in transformativnega učenja (CTR 4.7), ki so razumljene kot ključen instrument za
uresničevanje vseh sedemnajstih ciljev. Članek prikazuje analizo vključevanja CTR na pedagoškem, znanstvenoraziskovalnem in upravljalskem
področju delovanja FDV. Oceno stanja članek v sklepni razpravi poveže s
priložnostmi za prenose v prakso in možnostmi za izboljšave.
Ključni pojmi: cilji trajnostnega razvoja (CTR), trajnostni razvoj, izobraževanje, univerza.
Atmospheric evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in the rural North China Plain: effects on water solubility and PM2.5 oxidative potential
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Fobang , Yang Shuqi , Yang Yuling , Wang Yanan , Li Jingjing , Zhao Mingyu , Wang Zhao , Wang Kai , He Chi , Tong Haijie
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) represent a novel class of hazardous substances, posing risks to human health and the environment. In this study, we investigated the EPFRs in ambient fine, coarse, and total suspended particles (PM2.5, PM10, and TSPs) in the rural North China Plain, where local primary emissions of EPFRs were limited. We observed that the majority of EPFRs occurred in PM2.5. Moreover, distinct seasonal patterns and higher g factors of EPFRs were found compared to those in urban environments, suggesting unique characteristics of EPFRs in rural areas. The source apportionment analyses revealed atmospheric oxidation as the largest contributor (33.6 %) to EPFRs. A large water-soluble fraction (35.2 %) of EPFRs was determined, potentially resulting from the formation of more oxidized EPFRs through atmospheric oxidation processes during long-range or regional transport. Additionally, significant positive correlations were observed between EPFRs and the oxidative potential of water-soluble PM2.5 measured by dithiothreitol-depletion and hydroxyl-generation assays, likely attributable to the water-soluble fractions of EPFRs. Overall, our findings reveal the prevalence of water-soluble EPFRs in rural areas and underscore the fact that atmospheric oxidation processes can modify their properties, such as increasing their water solubility. This evolution may alter their roles in contributing to the oxidative potential of PM2.5 and potentially also influence their impact on climate-related cloud chemistry.
Tracing rate and extent of human-induced hypoxia during the last 200 years in the mesotrophic lake, Tiefer See (NE Germany)
Authors: Sirota Ido , Tjallingii Rik , Pinkerneil Sylvia , Schroeder Birgit , Albert Marlen , Kearney Rebecca , Heiri Oliver , Breu Simona , Brauer Achim
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The global spread of lake hypoxia, [O2] < 2 mg L−1, during the last 2 centuries has had a severe impact on ecological systems and sedimentation processes. While the occurrence of hypoxia was observed in many lakes, a detailed quantification of hypoxia spread at centennial timescales remained largely unquantified. We track the evolution of hypoxia and its controls during the past 200 years in a lake, Tiefer See (TSK; NE Germany), using 17 gravity cores recovered from between 10 and 62 m water depth in combination with lake monitoring data. Lake hypoxia was associated with the onset of varve preservation in the TSK and has been dated by varve counting to 1918 ± 1 at 62 m water depth and reached a lake floor depth of 16 m in 1997 ± 1. This indicates that oxygen concentration fell below the threshold for varve preservation at the lake floor (> 16 m). Sediment cores at 10–12 m depth do not contain varves indicating good oxygenation of the upper-water column. Monitoring data show that the threshold for hypoxia, and the intensity and duration of hypoxia which are sufficient for varve preservation, is a period of 5 months of [O2] < 5 mg L−1 and 2 months of [O2] < 2 mg L−1. Detailed total organic carbon (TOC), δ13Corg, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning analyses of the short cores indicate that the decline in dissolved oxygen (DO) started several decades prior to the varve preservation. This proves a change in the depositional conditions in the lake, following a transition phase of several decades during which varves were not preserved. Furthermore, varve preservation does occur at seasonal stratification and does not necessarily require permanent stratification.
Cold-water coral mounds are effective carbon sinks in the western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Greiffenhagen Luis , Titschack Jürgen , Wienberg Claudia , Wang Haozhuang , Hebbeln Dierk
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Cold-water corals (CWC) build biogenic structures, so-called CWC mounds, that can store large amounts of carbon(ate). However, there is a lack of quantification studies on both recent as well as geological timescales, and knowledge is limited to the accumulation of carbonate (i.e., the inorganic carbon fraction), ignoring the organic carbon fraction. This hinders the calculation of total carbon accumulation rates and a wider understanding of the role CWC mounds play in the long-term carbon cycle. Here, we investigated two cores retrieved from CWC mounds in the Alborán Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea, comprising a ~400 kyr record of carbon accumulation. We calculated the accumulation of both inorganic and organic carbon within the CWC mounds. Further, we analysed the same parameters in two cores from the adjacent seafloor (~120 kyr record) to compare the mound records with the surrounding sedimentary deposits. Our results show that the studied CWC mounds accumulate up to 15 g C cm−2 kyr−1, of which 6–9 % is derived from the organic carbon fraction. Moreover, during enhanced mound formation phases, the mounds store up to 14–19 times more carbon than the adjacent seafloor deposits. We suggest that there is a selective enrichment of organic carbon on the mounds, with about an order of magnitude higher organic carbon accumulation rates than on the adjacent seafloor. Consequently, in phases of active mound formation, CWC mounds can be effective local sinks of both inorganic and organic carbon on geological timescales.
Atmospheric horizontal gradients measured with eight co-located GNSS stations and a microwave radiometer
Authors: Tong Ning , Elgered Gunnar
Published: October 2024

Abstract. We have used eight co-located GNSS stations, with different antenna mounts, to estimate atmospheric signal propagation delays in the zenith directionand linear horizontal gradients. The gradients are compared with the results from a water vapour radiometer (WVR).  Water drops in the atmosphere has a negative influence on the retrieval accuracy of the WVR. Hence we see a better agreement using WVR data with a liquid water content (LWC) less than 0.05 mm compared to when LWC values of up to 0.7 mm are included. We have used two different constraints when estimating the linear gradients from the GNSS data. Using a weak constraint enhances the GNSS estimates to track large gradients of short duration at the cost of increased formal errors. To mitigate random noise in the GNSS data, we adopted a fusion approach averaging estimates from the GNSS stations. This resulted in significant improvements for the agreement with WVR data, a maximum of 17 % increase in the correlation and an 14 % reduction in the root-mean-square (rms) difference for the east gradients. The corresponding values for the north gradients are both 25 %. Overall, no large differences in terms of quality is  observed for the eight GNSS stations. However, one station shows slightly poorer agreement for  the north gradients compared to the others.  This is attributed to the station's proximity to a radio telescope, which causes data loss of observations at low elevation angles in the south-south-west direction.
CloudViT: classifying cloud types in global satellite data and in kilometre-resolution simulations using vision transformers
Authors: Lenhardt Julien , Quaas Johannes , Sejdinovic Dino , Klocke Daniel
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Clouds constitute, through their interactions with incoming solar radiation and outgoing terrestrial radiation, a fundamental element of the Earth’s climate system. Different cloud types show a wide variety in cloud microphysical or optical properties, phase, vertical extent or temperature among others, and thus disparate radiative effects. Both in observational and model datasets, classifying cloud types is also of large importance since different cloud types respond differently to current and future anthropogenic climate change. Cloud types have traditionally been defined using a simplified partition of the space determined by spatially aggregated values e.g. of the cloud top pressure and the cloud optical thickness. In this study, we present a method called CloudViT (Cloud Vision Transformer) building upon spatial extracts of cloud properties from the MODIS instrument to derive cloud types, leveraging spatial features and patterns with a vision transformer model. The classification model is based on global surface observations of cloud types. The method is then evaluated through the distributions of cloud type properties and the corresponding spatial patterns of cloud type occurrences for a global cloud type dataset produced over a year-long period. Subsequently, a first application of the cloud type classification method to climate model data is presented. This application additionally provides insights into how global storm-resolving models are representing clouds as these models are increasingly being used to perform simulations. The global cloud type dataset and the method code constituting CloudViT are available from Zenodo (Lenhardt et al., 2024b).
Fine-scale variability in iceberg velocity fields and implications for an ice-associated pinniped
Authors: Kaluzienski Lynn M. , Amundson Jason M. , Womble Jamie N. , Bliss Andrew K. , Pearson Linnea E.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Icebergs and sea ice found in proglacial fjords serve as important habitat for pinnipeds in polar and subpolar regions. Environmental forcings can drive dramatic changes in fjord ice coverage, with implications for pinniped distribution, abundance, and behavior. To better understand how pinnipeds respond to changes in iceberg habitat, we combine (i) iceberg velocity fields over hourly to monthly timescales, derived from high-rate time-lapse photogrammetry of Johns Hopkins Glacier and Inlet, Alaska, with (ii) aerial photographic surveys of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardi) conducted during the pupping (June) and molting (August) seasons. Iceberg velocities typically followed a similar diurnal pattern: flow was weak and variable in the morning and strong and unidirectional in the afternoon. The velocity fields tended to be highly variable in the inner fjord, across a range of timescales, due to changes in the strength and location of the subglacial outflow plume, whereas in the outer fjord the flow was more uniform and eddies consistently formed in the same locations. During the pupping season, seals were generally more dispersed across the slow moving portions of the fjord (with iceberg speeds 0.2 m s−1.. In contrast, during the molting season the seals were increasingly likely to be found on fast moving icebergs in or adjacent to the glacier outflow plume. Use of slow moving icebergs during the pupping season likely provides a more stable ice platform for nursing, caring for young, and avoiding predators. Periods of strong glacier runoff and/or katabatic winds may result in more dynamic and less stable ice habitat, with implications for seal behavior and distribution within the fjord.
A new method for diagnosing effective radiative forcing from aerosol-cloud interactions in climate models
Authors: Duran Brandon M. , Wall Casey J. , Lutsko Nicholas J. , Michibata Takuro , Ma Po-Lun , Qin Yi , Duffy Margaret L. , Medeiros Brian , Debolskiy Matvey
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) are a leading source of uncertainty in estimates of the historical effective radiative forcing (ERF). One reason for this uncertainty is the difficulty of estimating the ERF from aerosol-cloud interactions (ERFaci) in climate models, which typically requires multiple calls to the radiation code and cannot disentangle the contributions from different process to ERFaci. Here, we develop a new, computationally efficient method for estimating the shortwave (SW) ERFaci from liquid clouds using histograms of monthly-averaged cloud fraction partitioned by cloud droplet effective radius (re) and liquid water path (LWP). Multiplying the histograms with SW cloud radiative kernels gives the total SW ERFaci from liquid clouds, which can be decomposed into contributions from the Twomey effect, LWP adjustments, and cloud-fraction (CF) adjustments. We test the method with data from five CMIP6-era models, using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument simulator to generate the histograms. Our method gives similar total SW ERFaci estimates to other established methods in regions of prevalent liquid cloud, and indicates that the Twomey effect, LWP adjustments, and CF adjustments have contributed −0.34 ± 0.23, −0.22 ± 0.13, and −0.09 ± 0.11 Wm−2, respectively, to the effective radiative forcing of the climate since 1850 in the ensemble mean (95 % confidence). These results demonstrate that widespread adoption of a MODIS re– LWP joint histogram diagnostic would allow the SW ERFaci and its components to be quickly and accurately diagnosed from climate model outputs, a crucial step for reducing uncertainty in the historical ERF.
Enhancing Winter Climate Simulations of the Great Lakes: Insights from a New Coupled Lake-Ice-Atmosphere (CLIAv1) Model on the Importance of Integrating 3D Hydrodynamics with a Regional Climate Model
Authors: Xue Pengfei , Huang Chenfu , Zhong Yafang , Notaro Michael , Kayastha Miraj B. , Zhou Xing , Zhao Chuyan , Peters-Lidard Christa , Cruz Carlos , Kemp Eric
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The Laurentian Great Lakes significantly influence the climate of the Midwest and Northeast United States, due to their vast thermal inertia, moisture source potential, and unique heat and moisture flux dynamics. This study presents a newly developed coupled lake-ice-atmosphere (CLIAv1) modeling system for the Great Lakes by coupling the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) regional climate model (RCM) with the three-dimensional (3D) Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) and investigates the impact of coupled dynamics on simulating the Great Lakes' winter climate. By integrating 3D lake hydrodynamics, CLIAv1 addresses the limitations of traditional one-dimensional (1D) lake and demonstrates superior performance in reproducing observed LSTs, ice cover distribution, and the vertical thermal structure of the Great Lakes compared to the NU-WRF model coupled with the default 1D Lake Ice Snow and Sediment Simulator (LISSS). CLIAv1 also enhances simulation of over-lake atmospheric conditions, including air temperature, wind speed, and sensible and latent heat fluxes, underscoring the importance of resolving complex lake dynamics for reliable climate projections. More importantly, this study addresses the crucial question about what are the key processes influencing lake thermal structure and ice cover that are missed by 1D lake models but effectively captured by 3D lake models. Through process-oriented numerical experiments, we identify key 3D hydrodynamic processes – ice transport, heat advection, and shear production in turbulence – that explain the superiority of 3D lake models over 1D lake models, particularly in cold season performance and lake-atmosphere interactions. Properly resolving these processes using 3D hydrodynamic model is crucial for successfully simulating the lake-ice-atmosphere coupled Great Lakes winter system. This research underscores the necessity of incorporating 3D hydrodynamic models in RCMs to improve our predictive understanding of the Great Lakes' response to climate change. The findings advocate for a shift towards high-resolution, physics-based modeling approaches to ensure accurate future climate and limnological projections for large freshwater systems.
METHODOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OF NON-FORMAL ONLINE LANGUAGE TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO ADULT LEARNERS
Authors:   Montana State University, Zankova Anna A.
Published: October 2024

Individual non-formal online language learning format is becoming more popular around the world. However, it is observed that the theoretical and methodological foundations are currently not fully developed. The article considers the advantages of non-formal individual online teaching Russian as a foreign language to adult learners under the teacher’s guidance, as well as a set of organizational patterns, approaches, and principles of functioning of this educational phenomenon. We have found out that individual non-formal online language learning is based on the following pedagogical organizational patterns: the management of the pedagogical process, the unity of teacher and learner’s activities, the dynamics of the pedagogical process. Effective organization of learning process is one of the current problems of modern didactics; therefore, it is important to consider the theoretical and methodological justifications of popular educational trends.
Utility of routine preoperative laboratory testing for patients undergoing minor gynaecologic surgical procedures: interim analysis of their impact on intraoperative and postoperative complications
Authors: Catena U , Biasioli A , Paglietti C , Tarantino V , Pellecchia G , Esposito G , Previtera F , Zermano S , Arcieri M , Graziano A , Dinoi G , Ciano F , Driul L , Draisci G , Fanfani F , Scambia G , Vizzielli G , Restaino S
Published: October 2024

Background: Despite discouragement from many scientific societies, routine preoperative testing remains a common practice. Minor gynaecological surgery, being widely performed in everyday practice, represents an opportunity for implementing cost-reduction policies by avoiding unnecessary diagnostic assessments.

Objectives: To assess whether performing routine preoperative blood tests affects postoperative complications and cost-effectiveness in patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery.

Materials and Methods: An interim subgroup analysis of a retrospective study conducted by Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli (Rome) and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (Udine) was performed. Patients who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia were included. The studied population was divided based on the preoperative work up. Clinical data, surgical features and complications were collected.

Main outcome measures: Intraoperative and postoperative complications, healthcare expenditure in two groups.

Results: Subgroup analysis included 1191 patients in Centre A (Rome) who underwent routine complete preoperative tests and 500 patients in Centre B (Udine), who underwent exams only if indicated. Population characteristics were similar in two groups. Postoperative complications were observed in 1.2% and 1.4% of cases in Group A and Group B, respectively (p=0.70). Severe complications occurred in 0.3% of cases in Group A and 0.4% in Group B. Group B showed a cost saving of approximately 70 Euros per procedure (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Preliminary data indicate that routine perioperative assessment did not reduce complication rates, hospital readmissions or surgical reinterventions. Given the high number of procedures, performing specific preoperative tests only when indicated may result in significant cost reduction.

What is new? This study selectively highlights the potential benefits to overall public health expenditure that could be achieved through stricter adherence to guidelines on preoperative assessment in minor gynaecological surgery.
Laparoscopic cornual resection for interstitial pregnancy: Staying in the Marginal Zone
Authors: Kathopoulis N , Kypriotis K , Douligeris A , Zacharakis D , Prodromidou A , Chatzipapas I , Grigoriadis T , Protopapas A
Published: October 2024

Background: Fortunately, interstitial pregnancies are a rare early pregnancy presentation, yet they can be challenging to managed and are associated with a high risk of intra-abdominal haemorrhage. Once detected, surgical laparoscopic resection can be the preferred management method for both patient safety and for definitive treatment.

Objective: The video presents a new technique for laparoscopic resection of an interstitial pregnancy which enables the procedure to be effectively bloodless.

Materials and Methods: We report on a new technique for laparoscopic cornual resection. As shown in the video, staying in the marginal zone may result in the enblock resection of the gestational sac. Using meticulous applications of bipolar energy and cutting with scissors in the marginal zone, the operation may be completed with almost no blood loss and minimal damage to the adjacent healthy myometrium.

Results: The operation lasted 30 min with almost no blood loss. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on the first postoperative day.

Conclusions: Staying in the marginal zone during dissection permits even less experienced laparoscopists to complete laparoscopic cornual resection with minimal blood loss concomitantly with minimal trauma to the adjacent myometrium.
Considerações em torno da revascularização pulpar de interesse endodôntico
Authors: Medeiros João Marcelo Ferreira de , Cantelle Eduarda Rubio , Galhardo Giovana Biondi , Zanetti Gelson de Oliveira , Cordeschi Thais , Shitsuka Caleb
Published: October 2024

Dentes com rizogênese incompleta quando sofrem processo de mortificação pulpar ocorre interrupção da formação dentinária sendo crescimento radicular suspenso não havendo fechamento apical. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi valendo-se de revisão da literatura com bases de dados MEDELINE/Pubmed e Scopus avaliar publicações entre 2019 e 2024 cujos critérios selecionados foram tipo de casos clínicos e revisões sistemáticas comparando o diagnóstico, procedimentos, eficiência, benefícios da revascularização pulpar frente a utilização novas substâncias e metodologias em dentes com rizogênese incompleta e necrose pulpar. Dois revisores incluíram 57 estudos segundo critérios de escolha pré-definidos sendo 28 publicações preencheram critérios de inclusão. A partir desta revisão a respeito da revascularização é lícito inferir que o hipoclorito de sódio em diferentes concentrações, gluconato de clorexidina, pasta antibiótica tríplice a exemplo da ciprofloxacina e o metronidazol, hidróxido de cálcio representam agentes promotores da desinfecção de canais radiculares. O uso do MTA conjugado com outros produtos, como PRP, PRF, hidróxido de cálcio e clorexidine gel, protocolo endodôntico regenerativo coágulo de sangue e o grupo coágulo sanguíneo + estrutura injetável ou estes isoladamente representam material que em contato com o coágulo sanguíneo promove espessamento das paredes dentinárias, alongamento das raízes e fechamento do ápice radicular. O estímulo de sangramento apical com limas constitui manobra essencial na formação de coágulo dentro do canal. Os tecidos recém-formados nos canais são fibrosos, cemento ou semelhantes a osso ao longo das paredes da dentina.
Territorialidades identitarias en la pintura de Graça Morais
Authors: Baião Joana
Published: October 2024

El universo pictórico de la pintora portuguesa Graça Morais (n. 1948) se construye a partir de una mirada meditativa sobre el ser humano y su condición en el mundo. En este proceso, la territorialidad constituye un elemento de identificación y de identidad fundamental, ya sea una territorialidad física, relacionada con la conexión de la pintora con los lugares que habita o visita, ya sea una territorialidad intangible, vinculada a los recuerdos e historias que alimentan su imaginación. En este artículo se evocan tres fases de la producción de Graça Morais, correspondientes a investigaciones en diferentes espacios geográficos (Vieiro, Cabo Verde, Sines) y que se aproximan metodológicamente a los procesos de observación y recolección antropológica, que la artista adapta creativamente para cuestionar todo lo que la rodea. Veremos cómo su obra se desarrolla en una continua expansión territorial e identitaria, que parte de su pueblo natal en Trás-os-Montes y se complementa con sus experiencias de movimiento y descubrimiento del mundo.
THE EXTENT TO WHICH KAZAKH STATE BODIES UTILIZE SOCIAL MEDIA AS A COMMUNICATION MEDIUM
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, YESSENZHOLOV Nurzhan , SLAMGAZHY Ainur , SHAKENOVA Shynar
Published: October 2024

Social Media is a very powerful tool for establishing communication between the population and the government, as well as improving the efficiency of Public Administration. The use of social media in public administration is a new phenomena with numerous advantages and disadvantages. Despite the fact that it became widely used in Kazakhstan in recent years, there has been little research on the subject. Therefore, this research work aimed at identifying the extent to which state bodies exploit the potential of social media to generate two-way communication in addition to delivering information, and to find out about citizen engagement with the government. The study employed two quantitative research approaches. The social media pages of regional governments (akimat of Turkestan region, akimat of West Kazakhstan region) on Instagram and Facebook were analyzed, and as the second method, a survey was conducted among users of social media in Kazakh and Russian (105 people participated). According to the study's findings, the government mostly uses the potential of social media to distribute information, rather than as a means of two-way communication. On the social media pages that were the object of the study, engagement of the population is very low, with only 3-4 comments written in each publication on average. Although these institutions create content on a regular basis, research has revealed that the great majority of content does not pique the public's attention or spark debate.
14. ĐẶC ĐIỂM TỔN THƯƠNG TẠI CHỖ Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH BỊ RẮN HỔ MANG CẮN, ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BẠCH MAI TỪ THÁNG 7/2023 ĐẾN THÁNG 6/2024
Authors: Dương Đặng Văn , Nguyên Nguyễn Trung , Hưng Hà Trần
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm tổn thương tại chỗ ở bệnh nhân bị rắn hổ mang (Naja spp) cắn điều trị tại Bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ tháng 7 năm 2023 đến tháng 6 năm 2024.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 117 người bệnh bị rắn hổ mang cắn.
Kết quả: Phần lớn bệnh bị rắn hổ N.atra chiếm 70,9%, bị cắn ở tay với 82,1%; vết cắn với 1 dấu răng chiếm một nửa số người bệnh (50,4%). Biểu hiện lâm sàng tại chỗ cho thấy biểu hiện đau có 94,9% người bệnh, trong đó điểm đau trung bình 6,2 ± 2,3, trung vị 7. Sưng nề chiếm 80,3% người bệnh, trong đó chênh lệch vòng chi trung bình 1,6±1,9 cm, trung vị 1 cm. Lan xa có 82,9% người bệnh, diện tích lan xa trung bình 15,9 ± 11,7 cm2, trung vị 12 cm2. Hoại tử có 58,1% người bệnh, diện tích hoại tử trung bình 10,2 ± 16,9 cm2, trung vị 4 cm2.
Kết luận: Có nhiều hình thái tổn thương tại chỗ do rắn hổ mang cắn như đau, sưng nề, lan xa và hoại tử.
REJOINDER TO HANSENAND NEWMAN ON GOLD
Authors: Walter E. Block  , William Barnett II
Published: October 2024

Hansen and Newman (HN) criticize Barnett and Block (2004, 2012, hence BB) for taking the position that gold discoveries, which emanate in additional free market gold money, are socially beneficial. HN, in contradistinction, take the view that since any amount of gold money can do the same monetary “job” as any other amount, that these new additions are not socially beneficial. Rather, they constitute a market failure. Not only are additions to the money stock problematic from their point of view, but it also logically follows that we should decrease the quantity of money in order to ward off “market failure” since from the perspective of the past, the present quantity of money was increased from its level at that time. The present essay attempts to defend the perspective of BB vis-à-vis that of HN.
RESEÑA DE LA DÉCIMA CRUZADA: CÓMO EL NACIONAL-POPULISMO Y SU ‘BATALLA CULTURAL’ AMENAZAN LA DEMOCRACIA Y PRETENDEN CANCELAR NUESTRAS LIBERTADES DE JUAN PINA
Authors: Bagus, P.
Published: October 2024

Con su obra La décima cruzada: Cómo el nacional-populismo y su ‘batalla cultural’ amenazan la democracia y pretenden cancelar nuestras libertades (2023) el politólogo Juan Pina nos ofrece un análisis fascinante de las corrientes políticas actuales. Pina nos ofrece su opinión acerca de lo que él considera es una guerra de la nueva derecha radical contra el liberalismo.
LA ESTABILIZACIÓN DE LA UNIDAD MONETARIA: DESDE EL PUNTO DE VISTA TEÓRICO
Authors: Ludwig von Mises
Published: October 2024

Los intentos de estabilizar el valor de la unidad monetaria influyen fuertemente en la política monetaria de casi todas las naciones en la actualidad. No deben confundirse con intentos anteriores de crear una unidad monetaria cuyo valor de cambio no se vería afectado por cambios desde el lado del dinero. En aquellos tiempos más antiguos y felices, la preocupación era cómo equilibrar la cantidad de dinero con la demanda, sin cambiar el poder adquisitivo de la unidad monetaria. Así, se intentó desarrollar un sistema monetario en el que no surgieran cambios del lado del dinero que alteraran las relaciones entre el medio de intercambio generalmente utilizado (el dinero) y otros bienes económicos. Debían evitarse por completo las consecuencias económicas de los tan deplorados cambios en el valor del dinero.
Research on the Efficiency of Complex Fertilizer Produced from the New Serpentine-Based Ingredient
Authors: Yeritsyan Sergey , Gasparyan Gayane , Grigoryan Karen , Khachatryan Anna
Published: October 2024

Using serpentine, which is widespread in Armenia, we developed two new fertilizers. First fertilizer, is composed of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, as well as amorphous silicon dioxide, and fertilizer 2, which contains a small amount of phosphorus (in the form of a mixture in the mineral), calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and amorphous silicon dioxide. Fertilizers were soluble in water and a 1 % ammonium carbonate solution. Laboratory studies have shown that fertilizers positively affect spring barley seed germination percentage, germination rate, growth, yield, and grain NPK content. The yield of spring barley increased by 28.4-33.1 % under the influence of fertilizers, which is equivalent to the efficiency of double superphosphate. However, serpentine, the most common in Armenia, can be used to obtain recommended fertilizers in a much cheaper and safer manner.
Benzo[a]pyrene: A carcinogen, its sources, adverse effects, and preventive measures
Authors: Negi Karan , Chaudhary Priya
Published: October 2024

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon called benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is produced during incomplete burning of fuels. The most common way humans consume B[a]P is through food products, particularly grilled or smoked foods. B[a]P is also frequently detected in the sediments, soil, surface water, and air. Once bioactivated, it produces a highly reactive epoxide monomer that can create adducts by chemically reacting with biological molecules, such as DNA. B[a]P is implicated in various cancers due to its interaction with the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Apart from its detrimental impacts on development and reproduction, this substance also suppresses the immune system. Microbes, however, are critical to cleaning up the B[a]P-contaminated environment. This review focuses on forming B[a]P in different compartments of the environment and human surroundings, and the mechanisms responsible for its harmful effects and carcinogenic risk. This review also discusses the strategies for the deterioration of B[a]P.
The Ghost at LLMs4OL 2024 Task A: Prompt-Tuning-Based Large Language Models for Term Typing
Authors: Phuttaamart Thiti , Kertkeidkachorn Natthawut , Trongratsameethong Areerat
Published: October 2024

The LLMs4OL Challenge @ ISWC 2024 aims to explore the intersection of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Ontology Learning (OL) through three main tasks: 1) Term Typing, 2) Taxonomy Discovery and 3) Non-Taxonomic Relation Extraction. In this paper, we present our system's design for the term typing task. Our approach utilizes automatic prompt generation using soft prompts to enhance term typing accuracy and efficiency. We conducted experiments on several datasets, including WordNet, UMLS, GeoNames, NCI, MEDCIN, and SNOMEDCT_US. Our approach outperformed the baselines on most datasets, except for GeoNames, where it faced challenges due to the complexity and specificity of this domain, resulting in substantially lower scores. Additionally, we report the overall results of our approach in this challenge, which highlight its promise while also indicating areas for further improvement.
RWTH-DBIS at LLMs4OL 2024 Tasks A and B
Authors: Peng Yixin , Mou Yongli , Zhu Bozhen , Sowe Sulayman , Decker Stefan
Published: October 2024

The increasing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have opened new opportunities for enhancing Ontology Learning (OL), a process crucial for structuring domain knowledge in a machine-readable format. This paper reports on the participation of the RWTH-DBIS team in the LLMs4OL Challenge at ISWC 2024, addressing two primary tasks: term typing and taxonomy discovery. We used LLaMA-3-8B and GPT-3.5-Turbo models to find the performance gaps between open-source and commercial LLMs. For open-source LLMs, our methods included domain-specific continual training, fine-tuning, and knowledge-enhanced prompt-tuning. These approaches were evaluated on the benchmark datasets from the challenge, i.e., GeoNames, UMLS, Schema.org, and the Gene Ontology (GO), among others. The results indicate that domain-specific continual training followed by task-specific fine-tuning enhances the performance of open-source LLMs in these tasks. However, performance gaps remain when compared to commercial LLMs. Additionally, the developed prompting strategies demonstrate substantial utility. This research highlights the potential of LLMs to automate and improve the OL process, offering insights into effective methodologies for future developments in this field.
What effect does national regulation have on LEADER programming in the EU-27?
Authors: Chevalier Pascal
Published: October 2024

The LEADER programme, introduced in 1991 and integrated into the European policy for rural development, is a figurehead of local action in Europe. Based on local partnerships, gathering entrepreneurs, elected representatives and associates on a voluntary basis, it will exemplify the principles of co-operation and subsidiarity and so contribute to the strengthening of local democracy. Researchers and development practitioners agree on its innovative character and its potential of “portability” in the fact that it offers to each State a certain freedom in its application. Each country of the European Union can decline the objectives according to the priorities that it settles and has a wide latitude on how it places financial means and the modalities of its implementation. In this article, we focus on the modalities of the LEADER programme transfer (2007-2013) to all 27 EU member states. In this article, we focus on the territorial effects of terms of the transfer of the LEADER programme (2007-2013) to all 27 Member States of the EU.
Wyniki produkcyjne, ekonomiczne i finansowe gospodarstw ogrodniczych według ich wielkości ekonomicznej w Polsce i w UE-27 w 2009 roku na podstawie danych FADN
Authors: Ryś-Jurek Roma , Stefko Olga
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu było przedstawienie wyników produkcyjnych, ekonomicznych i finansowych gospodarstw rolnych zajmujących się uprawami ogrodniczymi według ich wielkości ekonomicznej w Polsce, w porównaniu ze średnimi wynikami dla 27 krajów należących do Unii Europejskiej (UE) w 2009 roku. Badania oparto na danych FADN. W Polsce i w UE-27, w zależności od wielkości ekonomicznej gospodarstwa ogrodniczego zmieniało się zapotrzebowanie na czynniki produkcji – ziemię, pracę, kapitał oraz relacje między nimi. W 2009 roku średnia wartość produkcji ogółem wypracowana w polskim gospodarstwie ogrodniczym była ok. 2,5-krotnie niższa niż w UE-27, a średnia wartość polskiego dochodu z rodzinnego gospodarstwa ogrodniczego była niższa o ok. 40% w stosunku do obserwowanej w UE-27. Większe ekonomicznie gospodarstwa ogrodnicze, zarówno w Polsce, jak i w UE-27 miały niższą nadpłynność, wyższą skłonność do zadłużania i lepszą sprawność działania. Ponadto większość wyliczonych wskaźników dla gospodarstw ogrodniczych była korzystniejsza niż dla gospodarstw rolnych ogółem.
Rola spółek Agencji Nieruchomości Rolnych w upowszechnianiu postępu biologicznego
Authors: Helta Mirosław , Oprządek Artur
Published: October 2024

W opracowaniu przedstawiono działania restrukturyzacyjne przedsiębiorstw hodowli rośli i zwierząt w latach 1992–2011. Dokonano analizy działalności hodowlanej w spółkach hodowli roślin i zwierząt oraz określono ich znaczenie w upowszechnianiu postępu biologicznego w praktyce rolniczej. W okresie dwudziestu lat funkcjonowania Agencji Nieruchomości Rolnych (wcześniej Agencji Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa) nastąpiły głębokie zmiany organizacyjne w grupie spółek hodowlanych. W ich wyniku zmniejszyła się liczba firm hodowlanych – ze 132 do 46, a powierzchnia użytkowanych gruntów – z 323 tys. ha do 117 tys. ha. Mimo głębokiej restrukturyzacji firm hodowli roślin zachowany został ich potencjał twórczy, czego wyrazem jest utrzymujące się tempo zgłaszania nowych rodów do badań rejestrowych. W ostatnich czterech latach ustabilizował się udział odmian spółek ANR w krajowej reprodukcji nasion rolniczych. W spółkach ANR o profilu zwierzęcym utrzymywane są ważniejsze gatunki zwierząt gospodarskich: bydło, konie, świnie i owce. Szczególnie w bydle ras mlecznych i koniach stanowią one najcenniejszy materiał genetyczny w kraju. W 2011 roku krowy ze spółek ANR stanowiły jedynie 3,9% krów, będących pod kontrolą użytkowości w kraju. Od tej stosunkowo małej populacji pochodzi jednak prawie połowa postępu hodowlanego. Od 1993 roku w całej ocenianej populacji postęp w wydajności wyniósł 3200 kg mleka, natomiast w spółkach ANR – 5098 kg, był więc większy o 1898 kg mleka. Matki buhajów znajdujące się w spółkach Agencji stanowią 62,2% ogółu matek buhajów ras mlecznych w kraju. W sezonie 2011/3 do inseminacji w rasie polskiej holsztyńsko-fryzyjskiej dopuszczono 64 rozpłodniki hodowli krajowej, z czego 25 sztuk, tj. 39%, wyhodowano w spółkach Agencji.
PREVALÊNCIA DE PACIENTES ESPERMATOZOIDES-POSITIVOS APÓS UTILIZAÇÃO DA TÉCNICA DE MICROCENTRIFUGAÇÃO
Authors: Reis PRP , Silva M , Andreoli RR , Mendes CEA , Penteado RMC , Guerra JCC
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Demonstrar a importância da técnica de microcentrifugação na confirmação de pacientes azoospérmicos ou vasectomizados. Azoospermia é a ausência de espermatozoides no sêmen, podendo ser classificada em obstrutiva ou não obstrutiva. A obstrutiva é gerada por um bloqueio do sistema de transporte do esperma, originado por vasectomia, anormalidades no epidídimo etc. Já a não obstrutiva ocorre quando existe uma falha de produção de espermatozoides devido a distúrbios hormonais com danos ao tecido testicular. A confirmação da ausência de espermatozoides em uma amostra é muito importante, considerando que a presença de qualquer espermatozoide em um teste complementar pode determinar a abordagem clínica a ser adotada. A microcentrifugação eleva a qualidade do exame de espermograma. Método: A partir de 2019, mapeamos todas as microcentrifugações do setor, totalizando 659, sendo estas de vasectomizados ou azoospérmicos. Conclusão: Foi obtido o seguinte resultado: das 659 amostras, 376 foram negativas e 260 positivas. Vale ressaltar que, para garantir que não houvesse nenhum tipo de contaminação, todos os materiais utilizados na execução desses exames foram de uso exclusivos ou descartáveis. Evidenciamos que o método da microcentrifugação, além de ser eficaz e de baixo custo, é capaz de aumentar a sensibilidade na confirmação da ausência ou da presença de espermatozoides. Obtivemos o resultado de 40% de positividade. Por ser um diagnóstico de grande valia, quanto maior a confiabilidade no exame melhor; outra vantagem é que a pesquisa não precisa ser realizada de imediato, pois as lâminas coradas ficam à disposição para dupla checagem, aumentando ainda mais a segurança na liberação do resultado. Referências: 1. Jarow JP, Espeland MA, Lipshultz LI. Avaliação do paciente azoospérmico. J Urol. 1989; 42: 62-5.
ESTUDO DE PRECISÃO INTERLABORATORIAL DE BIOMARCADORES RELACIONADOS COM A DOENÇA DE AZHEIMER EM AMOSTRAS DE LCR
Authors: Bacarov NBS , Hidalgo RD , Garcia LD , Soane MM
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Os biomarcadores relacionados com a doença de Alzheimer – beta-amiloide Aβ40 e Aβ42, tau total e tau fosforilada – têm auxiliado o diagnóstico precoce dessa neurodegeneração. A razão do resultado da Aβ42 pela Aβ40 no LCR é diminuída em indivíduos que a estão desenvolvendo, enquanto a concentração de proteínas tau (total tau) e tau fosforilada 181 (pTau) aumentam nos casos de progressão de doenças neurodegenerativas e de prejuízo cognitivo. Tais biomarcadores sofrem conhecidamente grandes variações pelas condições pré-analíticas e analíticas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a precisão interlaboratorial em laboratórios clínicos do Brasil. Método: Amostras de LCR referência certificadas, em cinco diferentes concentrações, foram enviadas para dois laboratórios no Brasil e um na Alemanha; em seguida, foram submetidos ao teste Elisa do tipo sanduíche comercial para detecção de Aβ42, Aβ40, total tau e ptau. Todos os laboratórios foram treinados quanto aos fatores pré-analíticos e analíticos de acordo com os consensos internacionais e guidelines específicos. Os resultados dos três laboratórios foram comparados quanto ao coeficiente de variação (CV%) interlaboratorial, considerando aceitável quando < 20%, de acordo com os guidelines internacionais para Elisa. Conclusão: Todos os resultados apresentaram boa exatidão em relação aos certificados em todos os laboratórios e CV(%) médio de 10,7%, 7,9%, 7% e 10%, respectivamente, para A40, A42, total tau e ptau, resultado em precisão interlaboratorial adequada para a metodologia utilizada nos três laboratórios analisados dos dois países envolvidos no estudo. Como tais parâmetros ainda estão em fase de implementação no Brasil, ainda se espera que, com a estabilização de rotina nesses laboratórios, os valores de CV(%) possam melhorar os resultados quanto aos critérios de precisão e exatidão do método em nosso país.
INTRODUÇÃO DE KIT E USO DE SISTEMA FECHADO DE COLETA NOS EXAMES LABORATORIAIS DE ROTINA EM CLÍNICAS DE HEMODIÁLISE
Authors: Rodrigues S
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo geral do trabalho é demonstrar a eficácia do método de coleta de sangue, em sistema fechado, nos pacientes que realizam hemodiálise. O objetivo específico busca demonstrar que o método é seguro e rápido com a utilização do kit de coleta, atendendo à meta 1: identificação do paciente (metas internacionais de segurança do paciente), bem como mostrar a importância da biossegurança no procedimento, obtendo assim uma amostra com maior qualidade. Método: A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em diversas clínicas de diálise, onde se introduziu um kit de coleta pré-montado que contém o protocolo para acesso ao resultado, além de tubos com código de barras com os dados do paciente, material de coleta em sistema fechado e tubo de ureia pós-diálise inserido em uma embalagem plástica individual na cor vermelha para diferenciação do tubo de ureia pré-diálise. Esse kit é fechado com uma etiqueta com os dados do paciente para conferência antes da coleta, o que facilita a distribuição nas máquinas no momento da diálise. Na atuação nas clínicas, houve o acompanhamento das coletas, introduzindo o material de sistema fechado e ensinando a manuseá-lo, a fim de evitar problemas, como volume inadequado do tubo e transferência do sangue para o tubo, perfurando a rolha. Percebeu-se que 91% das clínicas realizavam a coleta em sistema aberto, danificando a etiqueta primária do tubo e manipulando o material biológico de forma que não proporcionava segurança ao profissional e ao paciente. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos com o novo fluxo de atendimento das coletas de rotina demonstraram maior segurança na identificação, na rastreabilidade, na obtenção e no manuseio da amostra, diminuindo os riscos de acidentes e proporcionando uma amostra com qualidade superior. Dessa forma, a incidência de recoletas será diminuída e a demora na conduta com o paciente, minimizada.