bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graph regularized semi-nonnegative matrix factorization under sparse constraints for clustering
Authors: Zhao Junjian , Cai Jiaxi , Qu Guangwei , Wang Caiping , Chen Yasong
Published: October 2024

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is an effective local feature extraction algorithm with non-negative matrix constraints. In order to obtain a NMF-based algorithm with better clustering performance and stronger robustness, this paper propose a new non-negative matrix factorization method called Graph Regularized Semi-NMF under sparse constraints (Semi-GNMFSC). This model embeds a Laplacian regularization term on the basis of Semi-NMF, keeps the correlation information of high-dimensional space samples, and maps effectively to low-dimensional space, thus improving the learning ability of algorithm space and making full use of the inherent geometry of data distribution. Note that GNMF algorithm is deficient in robustness, that is, it is susceptible to problems such as noise. So, by adding ~$l_{1}$ norm sparse constraint to the basis matrix and coefficient matrix of the model respectively, the sparsity of the low-dimensional representation matrix can be improved, clearer data can be obtained to approximate the high-dimensional matrix, and problems such as the influence of noise introduced in data reconstruction and the reduction of data clustering performance can be solved, and the adjustment of data eigenvalues and sparse constraints in the matrix can be realized. More importantly, the iterative optimization scheme of Semi-GNMFSC is derived in this paper, and the convergence of the algorithm is proved theoretically. In addition, clustering experiments have been conducted on 5 different types and sizes of public image datasets, and compared with K-means, PCA, and other NMF variants to verify the superiority of the Semi-GNMFSC algorithm in the three clustering performance indicators of ACC, NMI, and Purity.
Evolution of Oxide Phases and Residual Stress in Haynes 282 Superalloy During Long-Term High-Temperature Oxidation
Authors: Tung Hsiao-Ming , Chen Ting-Li , Lan Kuan-Che , Li Yu-Chen
Published: October 2024

The long-term oxidation behavior of Haynes 282 superalloy was investigated in air at temperatures ranging from 800 to 950°C for durations up to 720 hours. The oxide phases formed on the alloy surface were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The predominant oxide phase was identified as rhombohedral-Cr2O3, with the presence of rutile-TiO2, spinel-MnCr2O4, and perovskite-CoTiO3 as secondary phases. The external oxide layer thickness increased with oxidation temperature and time, following parabolic kinetics. EDS mapping revealed the formation of an internal oxide layer, consisting of α-Al2O3 and TiO2 precipitates beneath the external Cr2O3 layer. The activation energy for the long-term oxidation of Haynes 282 was calculated to be 210.05 ± 23.30 kJ mol− 1. The residual stress in the Cr2O3 layer was measured using the average X-ray strain (AXS) method. Compressive residual stresses were observed in the Cr2O3 layer formed at 800°C, while tensile residual stresses were found in the layer formed at 950°C. The evolution of intrinsic stress with oxidation time and temperature was discussed in terms of the crystallite coalescence model and the Pilling-Bedworth ratio.
Investigation on Fe310 steel of a drilled surface after cryogenic treatment
Authors: R Selvam , P Saravanan , S Arulmurugan , PT Saravanakumar
Published: October 2024

This study aims to assess the internal surface properties of drilled hole made in Fe310 steel plate after cryogenic treatment. The objective is to understand how cryogenic treatment, which involves exposing the material to extremely low temperatures, can enhance the mechanical properties and wear resistance of Fe310 steel. The wear characteristics of the materials are determined through a wear test, considering variables such as slurry particles, rotational speed, slurry temperature, and duration of cryogenic treatment. The wear test is performed using a vacuum cavitation system with a power output of 1000W, an adjustable pump suction rate, and a duration set at 60mins. Fe310 steel specimens are used in the experimental procedure to conduct wear test. The data collected is then analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Tools for the Social Sciences) software. The cryogenic treatment process involves cooling the specimens to sub-zero temperatures and maintaining them for a specific duration. Experimental and numerical results are utilized to evaluate the wear rate model, examining the impact of cryogenic treatment and other factors on the wear of Fe310 mild steel surfaces. The model predicts and illustrates the wear behavior of the inner surface, indicating an improvement. From the experiments, more speed and cryogenic time promotes to decrease in wear rate, as well more abrasive content and temperature causes more wear. The wear rate of the cryogenic heat-treated Fe310 mild steel drilled hole surface is 833.33mg/min-mm$^2$.
Highly efficient removal of arsenic using amine-modified silica incorporating in PLA adsorptive membrane
Authors: Shokri Elham , Behmaram Kosar , Hajibabazadeh Sina
Published: October 2024

The environmental applications of pristine silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) for arsenic removal have been limited by their severe aggregation and lack of functional groups. Amine-modified SiO2(NH2) NPs were incorporated in PLA for the removal of 100 ppb of arsenic; a concentration much higher than what has been reported for surface water in Iran. FTIR analysis has demonstrated that the amine modified SiO2 NPs have been successfully prepared. Addition of SiO2 and SiO2(NH2) increased the porosity, water uptake, mechanical strength, hydrophilicity and permeability of the membrane up to 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%, respectively. The batch adsorption experiments were conducted to assess the equilibrium adsorption capacity and kinetics of adsorptive membranes. The Langmuir and Freundlich models demonstrated good correlation for membranes containing SiO2 and SiO2(NH2) NPs, respectively. Both kinds of the membranes demonstrated behavior consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which can be linked to rapid electrostatic adsorption. Dynamic adsorption of the PLA- SiO2(NH2)-1.0 membrane was assessed through three adsorption-desorption cycles. The results confirmed the favorable properties of the SiO2(NH2), effectively reducing As (V) concentration in contaminated water (100 ppb) to levels below the maximum concentration level (MCL).
Simulation of satellite and optical link dynamics in a quantum repeater constellation
Authors: Meister Jaspar , Kleinpaß Philipp , Orsucci Davide
Published: October 2024

Quantum repeaters and satellite-based optical links are complementary technological approaches to overcome the exponential photon loss in optical fibers and thus allow quantum communication on a global scale. We analyze architectures which combine these approaches and use satellites as quantum repeater nodes to distribute entanglement to distant optical ground stations. Here we simulate dynamic, three-dimensional ground station passes, going beyond previous studies that typically consider static satellite links. For this, we numerically solve the equations of motion of the dynamic system consisting of three satellites in low Earth orbit. The model of the optical link takes into account atmospheric attenuation, single-mode fiber coupling, beam wandering and broadening, as well as adaptive optics effects. We derive analytical expressions for the Bell state measurement and associated error rates for quantum memory assisted communications, including retrieval efficiency and state coherence. We consider downlink and uplink architectures for continental and intercontinental connections and evaluate the impact of satellite altitude and inter-satellite distance on the expected entanglement swapping rate. Our simulation model enables us to design different orbital configurations for the satellite constellation and analyze the annual performance of the quantum repeater under realistic conditions.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis of Stimulation Parameters
Authors: Vahedi Pooya , Lotfinia Shahab , Zali Alireza , Ashrafi Farzad , Roozbeh Mahrooz , Tabatabavakili Yasmin , Roozbeh Mehrdad
Published: October 2024

Epilepsy affects 50 million people worldwide, with 30% not responding to antiepileptic drugs. Surgical resective intervention may help some patients, and neuromodulation therapies like deep brain stimulation are becoming important treatments for poorly controlled epilepsy. This study conducted a meta analysis following the PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies on deep brain stimulation in drug-resistant epilepsy patients. After screening 568 papers based on their titles and abstracts, we excluded systematic reviews, meta-analyses, animal studies, and other criteria. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for eligibility, and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Full-text screening and data extraction were then performed for further assessment. Total of 52 studies were analyzed for a meta-analysis. These studies involved 748 patients and looked at various interventions, such as anterior nucleus thalamus, centromedian thalamic, and hypothalamus, with different stimulation parameters, including frequency and type. The results showed moderate variability and indicated that voltage, frequency, and stimulation type significantly influenced the success rates of the interventions.
Die Schadensersatzhaftung für immaterielle Schäden nach Art. 82 DSGVO
Authors: Bartsch Tom
Published: October 2024

Die Frage nach dem immateriellen Schadensersatz gem. Art. 82 DS-GVO beschäftigt seit Mai 2023 die Rechtsprechung des EuGH, der nun erstmals wesentliche Eckpfeiler für den datenschutzrechtlichen Schadensersatzanspruch setzt. Es gilt, die konkretisierten Vorgaben kritisch einzuordnen und deren Auswirkungen auf die europäische Rechtspraxis zu untersuchen. Gegenstand dieser Überlegungen sind insbesondere Fragen nach Tatbestand und Beweislast für einen kausalen Schaden, die Ablehnung einer Sanktionswirkung des Art. 82 DS-GVO sowie die Risiken möglicher Bündelungen gleichartiger Ersatzbegehren. Der EuGH schafft in diesen Fragen zunächst Rechtssicherheit, wenngleich einige Punkte offenbleiben. Die fortschreitende Konkretisierung der Anforderungen an Art. 82 DS-GVO bleibt insofern auch künftig mit Spannung zu verfolgen.
Wissenschaft unter politischem Druck : Promotionsverfahren an der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main von 1933-1945
Authors: Dröll Felix
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage nach der Politisierung der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main in der Zeit der nationalsozialistischen Diktatur von 1933-1945 anhand der in dieser Zeit durchgeführten Promotionsverfahren. Zu diesem Zweck wurden die originalen Promotionsakten aus dem Universitätsarchiv ausgewertet und analysiert. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass (nicht unerwartet) erhebliche Einflüsse der nationalsozialistischen Politik ihren Weg in das als neutral und wissenschaftlich konzipierte Verfahren gefunden haben. Dabei wurden systematisch wissenschaftliche Standards der Bewertung für parteinahe Doktoranden gesenkt und politisch unliebsame Kandidaten vom Fachbereich ausgeschlossen. Diese Politisierung ging dabei sowohl unmittelbar von der Politik als auch selbstständig vom Fachbereich aus.
Untargeted Metabolite Profiling of Wild and In Vitro Propagated Sabah Jewel Orchid Macodes limii J.J. Wood and A.L. Lamb
Authors: Devina David  , Nor Azizun Rusdi  , Ruzaidi Azli Mohd. Mokhtar  , Lucky Poh Wah Goh  , Jualang Azlan Gansau
Published: October 2024

Macodes limii J. J. Wood & A.L. Lamb is a terrestrial jewel orchid native to Sabah, recognised for its sparkling golden-yellow venations, uniformly distributed on its leaves. Despite its high ornamental value, the exploration of the plant’s medicinal potential remains ambiguous. The current study was conducted to gain a fundamental understanding of the metabolite composition and regulation in M. limii plants from two different growing environments: wild and in vitro cultivation, as well as to analyse their phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity. The metabolite profiling of the M . limii plant extracts through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis has tentatively identified compounds from various classes including sugars, carbohydrates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic derivatives and lipid and lipid-like compounds. Subsequently, the multivariate statistical analysis confirmed the existence of significant metabolite variations across distinct growth environments. Notably, the leaf extract derived from wild-grown plants displayed the highest levels of total phenolic and flavonoid content, contributing significantly to its higher antioxidant activity as measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The discovery has offered a fundamental understanding of the metabolites in M. limii jewel orchids, indicating that in vitro regenerated plants may represent a viable alternative for further investigating their therapeutic potential, thus helping to alleviate the impact on wild populations.
Improvement of Growth Rate in In Vitro Culture of Paphiopedilum primulinum M. W. Wood and P. Taylor and Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum J. J. Smith using Banana Enrichment Media
Authors: Safitri  , Dyah Carinae Yalapuspita  , Elizabeth Handini  , Popi Aprilianti  , Yupi Isnaini  , Endang Semiarti
Published: October 2024

Paphiopedilum primulinum and Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum have unique labellum colour and shaped like lady’s slippers. These orchids are from the Cochlopetalum section, which is exclusively found in Sumatra and Java. There are so many people that desire to collect these plants illegally. Due to extensive commercial exploitation, Paphiopedilum is in danger of going extinct. Tissue culture techniques are utilised to conserve threatened orchid germplasm in a short time. The success of the in vitro culture depends on the accuracy of the basic media composition used. The Ambon Lumut banana (ALB) can accelerate plant growth and cell division. Banana added to the culture medium was prepared by mashing the ripe flesh (3.5 months old) using a mortar. This research aims to investigate the effect of banana homogenate supplemented media for the orchids P. primulinum and P. glaucophyllum based on the parameters of difference of plant height (calculated from the base of the stem to the tip of the plant stem), number of leaves and number of roots. The measurement method was carried out using a ruler with a centimetre scale. Observations and documentation were carried out once a week for 7 weeks after planting (WAP) for P. primulinum and P. glaucophyllum. The results showed that ½ Murashige and Skoog (MS) + ALB homogenate is a better medium for P. primulinum and P. glaucophyllum growth than media without banana homogenate. The highest values of plant height, leaf growth, and root growth of P. primulinum with banana homogenate were 0.44 cm, 0.63 leaves and 0.50 roots, respectively. The highest values of plant height and leaf growth of P. glaucophyllum were 0.75 cm and 1.90 leaves, respectively. Culture medium added banana homogenate was able to support the propagation of plants, some of which are returned to nature and others used for industrial purposes (conventionally cultivated by the community).
Chronogenetic Institutions as Categorical Nuclei of Temporal Ideas
Authors: Avila Castellanos Duzan Dussier , Ongay de Felipe Íñigo
Published: October 2024

Ovaj rad istražuje genezu koncepta vremena, analizirajući kako su početne metode, tehnike i institucije koje su koristile rane ljudske skupine za mjerenje promjena okoliša postale sve više usklađene s ljudskim aktivnostima, čineći tako temelj našeg modernog razumijevanja vremena. Prihvaćajući diskontinuiranu materijalističku perspektivu, ovaj rad predlaže da složene ideje poput vremena često imaju svoje korijene u jednostavnom tehnološkom podrijetlu. Uvodimo pojam kronogenetske institucije da bismo opisali rane mehanizme koje su ljudske skupine koristile za mjerenje transformacija svijeta prije nego što su imale jasan koncept vremena. Kronogenetske institucije grupirane su prema cikličkim pojavama koje predstavljaju, prvenstveno prirodne pojave kao što su kretanje nebeskih tijela, promjenjivi vremenski obrasci i sezonske varijacije u flori i fauni. Ova studija izaziva gledište da su koncepcije vremena bile čisto teorijske u svojim začecima, ističući da su se u početku pojavile i proširile kroz institucionalne prakse u društvenim kontekstima. Promiče oplemenjeno razumijevanje složenosti vremena, zalažući se za prijelaz s jedinstvenog »vremena prirode« na koncepciju višestrukih temporalnosti, konstruiranih i društveno i tehnološki. Nadalje, zalaže se za objektivno i pluralističko ispitivanje početnih pokušaja ranih ljudskih skupina da sinkroniziraju svoje aktivnosti s promjenjivim i nepredvidivim svijetom oko sebe.
Suicide of Rationality, Rationality of Suicide – Spinoza on Self-Destruction
Authors: Dağ Enes
Published: October 2024

U članku se razmatraju metafizičke i moralne osnove Spinozina ogleda o samoubojstvu. Spinozino razmatranje samoubojstva dovodi se u pitanje putem njegove doktrine conatusa, koja tvrdi da je težnja samoočuvanju bit opostojanja. Sukladno tome, samoubojstvo odnosno prekid života, kao uništenje vlastitoga bića, predstavlja iscrpljivanje te težnje. Analiza uzroka koji vode do samouništenja prouzročila je važnu raspravu u literaturi o Spinozi, pokrećući pitanje o tome je li samoubojstvo pasivna i iracionalna odluka ili slobodna i racionalna odluka. Ovaj članak, koji se dotiče prominentnih istraživača ove literature, prije svega, Matsona, Bennetta, LeBuffea i Nadlera, cilja ublažiti ovu kontroverzu nudeći alternativno čitanje i argumente. Zaključuje se da slobodno i racionalno samoubojstvo ne postoji u Spinozinoj misli. Umjesto toga, »samoubojstvo razuma ili racionalnosti« čini temelj tjelesnoga samoubojstva.
AS MULHERES BRANCAS E NEGRAS SOB O OLHAR DOS VIAJANTES: ALGUNS APONTAMENTOS HISTORIOGRÁFICOS
Authors: Hot Amanda Dutra
Published: October 2024

O século XIX foi marcado pela presença de vários viajantes que passaram pelo Brasil. Grande parte destes viajantes deixou relatos de como era a vida, o cotidiano, o trabalho e as mulheres no Brasil oitocentista. O presente texto terá como principal objetivo perceber os olhares lançados por viajantes europeus sobre a cultura, os costumes e o cotidiano das mulheres brancas e negras, no Rio de Janeiro e em Minas Gerais, ao longo do século XIX.
OS PRINCIPAIS EFEITOS NEGATIVOS DA POLUIÇÃO SONORA PARA A SAÚDE DO SER HUMANO E OS INSTRUMENTOS LEGAIS DE CONTROLE DE RUÍDOS
Authors: Alves Juliana Aparecida , Lamas Lívia Paula de Almeida
Published: October 2024

A poluição sonora é um tema muito importante a ser tratado, pois envolve tanto a saúde de seres humanos, quanto a qualidade do meio ambiente. Dessa forma, este trabalho aborda as principais causas da poluição sonora, o amparo legislativo dado ao tema e as medidas que podem ser estabelecidas para se obter uma melhor qualidade de vida e uma condição urbana mais favorável ao homem.
Exploring Saffron's Therapeutic Potential: Insights on Phytochemistry, Bioactivity, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Sen Debasis , Rathee Sunny , Pandey Vishal , Jain Sanjay K.
Published: October 2024

Saffron, derived from the Crocus sativus plant, has been revered for centuries for its culinary,
medicinal, and cultural significance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of saffron's chemical
constituents and phytochemistry, elucidating its rich profile of bioactive compounds. Emphasis is placed on exploring
the bio-accessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of saffron's phytochemicals, laying the foundation
for understanding its pharmaceutical significance. The pharmaceutical importance of saffron and its phytochemicals
is thoroughly examined, focusing on their diverse therapeutic properties. These include anticancer,
antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anticonvulsant, antidepressant,
learning and memory enhancement, cardiovascular, and antihypertensive properties. Such multifaceted pharmacological
activities underscore saffron's potential as a valuable medicinal resource. Clinical studies investigating
the efficacy and safety of saffron in various health conditions are synthesized, providing insights into
its clinical applications. Moreover, toxicity assessments in animal models, encompassing acute, subacute,
subchronic, and developmental toxicity, are discussed to delineate the safety profile of saffron and its bioactive
constituents. Finally, recent advances and future perspectives in saffron research are highlighted, underscoring
emerging trends and potential avenues for further exploration. This review serves as a comprehensive
resource for researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders interested in harnessing the therapeutic potential of saffron
while ensuring its safe and effective utilization in healthcare settings.
Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Costus speciosus rhizome Bioactive Phytochemicals: A Combined GC-MS and Computational Approach Targeting
TLR-4 Signaling
Authors: Raj Aditya , Chakravorty Arghya , Luktuke Sahil , Santra Sourav , Das Sudip , Sahoo Subhrajeet , Ramesh Karthikeyan , A Nidha Fathima , Sana Siva Sankar , Jayanthi Sivaraman , Samanta Arabinda , Raghavan Vimala
Published: October 2024

Background:

Plants represent a rich reservoir of bioactive compounds with established
therapeutic value in diverse diseases. Notably, the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) signaling pathway
plays a pivotal role in inflammation. Upon engagement with pro-inflammatory ligands like
lipopolysaccharide, TLR-4 triggers downstream cascades involving nuclear factor ĸappa B and mitogen-
activated protein kinases. This signaling cascade ultimately dictates the onset and progression
of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, targeting TLR-4 signaling offers a promising therapeutic
approach for managing inflammatory disorders.

Methods:

This study investigated the potential of Costus speciosus rhizome phytocompounds, a
traditional medicinal plant, as novel as modulators of TLR-4 signaling, highlighting their mechanisms
of action and potential clinical applications. In the present study, 18 phytocompounds isolated
from the rhizome of Costus speciosus, were studied against TLR-4/AP-1 signaling, which is
implicated in the inflammatory process using a computational approach.

Results:

The compounds exhibited binding affinities ranging from -4.087 to -8.93 kcal/mol with
the TLR-4 protein due to the formation of multiple intermolecular interactions. Benzenepropanoic
acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester (compound 7) exhibited exceptional
binding energy (-8.93 kcal/mol), indicating strong affinity for the TLR-4 protein. Additionally,
compound 7 displayed favorable ADMET properties, suggesting promising drug development potential.
Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the compound 7-TLR4 complex,
further supporting its ability to modulate TLR-4 signaling.

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Costus speciosus phytocompounds,
particularly compound 7, as potent anti-inflammatory modulators. Further research is warranted
to validate their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in pre-clinical models, paving
the way for their development as novel therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases.
An Insight into Medicinal Chemistry and SAR Studies of Cholinesterase and BACE-1 Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Shome Abhimannu , Jha Keshav Taruneshwar , . Chahat , Chawla Viney , Chawla Pooja A.
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative condition that predominantly
impacts the cholinergic neurons of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampal regions, playing a critical
role in learning, navigation, and brain processing. This paper aims to discuss the three main hypotheses
of Alzheimer's disease, focusing on neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration caused by mitochondrial
dysfunction and ROS production, particularly analyzing the susceptibility differences between
genders. Our comprehensive review focuses on significant findings from the past five years, particularly
on Cholinesterase (ChE) and BACE-1 inhibitors. Researchers have conducted a detailed analysis
of in vitro, in silico, and in vivo data, incorporating extensive Structure-Activity Relationship
(SAR) studies. The reviewed papers have been sourced from platforms, such as Google Scholar,
Semantic Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov, and have been selected based on their AChE and BACE-1
inhibitory activity and structural motif similarity. The review identifies the most effective compounds
targeting ChE and BACE-1, highlighting acridine, dihydropyridine, and thiazole-coumarin
hybrids for ChE inhibition, and oxadiazole, benzofuran, and dihydropyrimidinone for BACE-1 inhibition.
This demonstrates a diverse array of potent heterocyclic hybrids. The review presents a varied
compilation of scaffolds showing promise in treating Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the potential
of specific compounds against ChE and BACE-1. Given the critical insights derived from our
analysis, we posit that this compilation will substantially contribute to the ongoing efforts to combat
neurodegeneration and prolong dementia, underscoring the importance of continuous research in
this domain.
Biofuels Policy as the Indian Strategy to Achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 7: Targets, Progress, and Barriers
Authors: Mutabaruka Michel , Kaur Manmeet , Singla Sanjay , Sharma Purushottam , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Gagandeep
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The use of 20% blended biofuels to fossil fuels is one of the important
targets of the Government of India to address the impacts of Climate Change, energyrelated
environmental pollution, and illnesses due to air pollution.

Method:

The National Policy on Biofuels 2018 (NPB 2018) is in place to boost the emerging
production of biofuels and, therefore, respond to different international agreements, including
the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. Hence, this article examined
the production of biofuels in India in line with Agenda 2030 to project the share to be taken
by biofuels as its contribution to the country’s energy needs.

Result:

The results were compromising; it was observed that the data from 2000 up to 2017
were not on the side of realizing the targets of production and consumption of biofuels in India,
whereas the data from 2018 up to now showed a hope of achieving 2030 set goal of E20 petrol
in 2025-26, and E5 diesel in 2030. It was clear that the production of bioethanol was boosting
compared to its sibling biodiesel, and renewable energy will continue to have a hard take a
good share in the total annual energy used in India.

Conclusion:

It is recommended to share data between different stakeholders to promote more
research, as the low performance in achieving the targets was due to poor communication and
missing technology, rather than the lack of feedstock or unavailability of production facilities.
The Role of Plasma Osmolarity in the Mortality of Patients with Covid-19
Authors: Indiastari Dewi , Candradikusuma Didi , Sutanto Heri , Budiarti Niniek , Samsu Nur
Published: October 2024

Covid-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a new infectious disease that attacks the respiratory tract and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), causing multiorgan failure, often requiring temporary support such as the use of a ventilator or hemodialysis equipment. This condition is related to an imbalance in fluid distribution associated with changes in osmolarity or hyperosmolarity. This research aims to explain the role of plasma osmolarity in Covid-19 patients at dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, in patient outcomes, especially death outcomes. The sample for this study was 205 medical records of Covid-19 patients, recorded from September 2021 to May 2022. This study used a retrospective cohort design to describe plasma osmolarity in Covid-19 patients and the outcome of hospitalized patients. There were 205 patient data obtained, with 85 patients dying aged <65 years. Sixty-eight patients of Covid-19 with comorbidities (DM, HT, AKI, CKD, combination) died. There was no difference in plasma osmolarity for living and deceased patients. Repeated plasma osmolarity (retest) had a good degree of accuracy in predicting the outcome of Covid-19 patients, where sensitivity was 71.3% and specificity was 73.4% at a cut-off value of 277.32mOsm/L. The repeat plasma osmolarity value of ≥277.32 had a PPV value of 75%, while plasma osmolarity <277.32 had an NPV value of 69.3%. The OR value was 6.77, meaning that Covid-19 patients with repeated plasma osmolarity levels ≥277.32 would have 6.77 times the risk of mortality compared to Covid-19 patients with repeated plasma osmolarity levels <277.32.
The Effectiveness of Silicon Wound Dressing for the Healing Process of Contaminated Abrasions
Authors: Limpat Wihastyoko Herman Yosef , Siswoyo Devira , Arviansyah Arviansyah , Siswanto Yudi , Agustina Wilma , Sintaningrum Elisabeth Prajanti
Published: October 2024

Wounds are skin disorders caused by pathological processes. Abrasion wounds are a type of acute injury. One of the contributing factors is traffic accidents. More than 1.2 million people died as a result of traffic accidents, while 20-50 million others suffered injuries. Choosing the proper dressing can determine wound healing. This case study aims to determine the effectiveness of silicone wound dressing in the healing process of contaminated abrasion wounds. Contaminated abrasion wounds are contaminated by dirty materials, which potentially cause infection. This case report describes four patients, Mrs. W, Mrs. K, Mr. Y, and Mr. M., who suffered abrasions on the face. Their wounds were cleaned in the operating room under general anesthesia. A silicone wound dressing is applied as the primary dressing. The secondary dressing depends on the amount of the exudate. On the 3rd day after the surgery, the wounds looked dry, so they were cleaned and reapplied with the silicone dressing. On the 7th day, after applying silicone wound dressing, the wound had epithelialized. Silicone wound dressing is a modern type of dressing that is effective for acute wounds as it provides a barrier against external contamination. Our sample shows that wound are abrasion contaminated. The result of silicone wound dressings applied was shown accelerate the wound healing process. Modern dressings accelerate wound healing 20% to 40% faster than conventional dressings, such as gauze, tulle, or gauze.
Left Lobe Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Inayah Ninda Nurul , Astariyani Thaibah , Batubara Raya Henri , Nikita Ester Grace , Irwan Khair El Nisa , Putri Kirei Aulia , Handayani Lisa , Palambang Sira Sappa
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide, affecting more men than women with a ratio of 2:1. Approximately 70–90% of HCC patients have risk factors such as chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis. Another significant risk factor is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We report a case of left lobe hepatocellular carcinoma in a 54-year-old woman who presented with heartburn and shortness of breath, with a history of hypertension but no alcohol consumption. Chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly without pulmonary congestion. A whole abdominal CT scan identified a left lobe hepatic tumor measuring ± 11x12x13 cm. Pathology examination revealed an epithelial mass with infiltrative, trabecular, acinar, and solid arrays, indicative of a malignant liver tumor.
LEACH-E: AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT CLUSTERING PROTOCOL FOR IMPROVING THE INTER-CLUSTER COMMUNICATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors:   Jamia Millia Islamia, India, Gupta G Subhash Chandra , Amjad Mohammad ,   Jamia Millia Islamia, India, M Arvindhan ,   Galgotias University, India, Subramaniam Jayasri ,   University of Northampton, United Kingdom
Published: October 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) comprises distributed sensors that are used to measure items. Lowering battery power for both the sensor would shorten its working life. It is also necessary to increase the lifetime of sensors because it will affect the network speed of information transmission. By using low-energy adaptive clustering, energy can be managed to a certain extent in an intelligent network (LEACH). The key notion of this upgraded algorithm would be to compare the entire location and the existing energy of the node. The new method of attack, known as LEACH-E Improving hierarchical routing can allow operations to progress. Since the improvement of CH selection techniques and the LEACH performs optimally.
HYBRID SHARING AND POWER ALLOCATION USING WATERFILLING ALGORITHM FOR MIMO-OFDM BASED COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK
Authors:   I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, India, Jain Sandeep Kumar , Kaur Baljeet ,   Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, India
Published: October 2024

n order to optimize power allocation, Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based cognitive radio (CR) network allows flexible spectrum and adaptive capability. Decreased capacity due to subcarrier cancelation and out of band reduction can be compensated while employing multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) along with OFDM based CR. MIMO allows better beam forming and directivity due to multiple transmit and receive antenna. Here we have implemented water filling mechanism with channel state information (CSI) for optimal power allocation under hybrid spectrum sharing scenario such as overlay, underlay and interweave. Main objective is to maximize overall capacity of cognitive radio network in downlink while considering interference constraint imposed by primary user and maximum transmit power constraint at secondary user. Simulation results demonstrate waterfilling approach for hybrid scenario in MIMO-OFDM based CRN.
RSA BASED SECRET KEY GENERATION AND AUTHORIZATION METHOD IN CLOUD BASED VANETS
Authors:   S N M V College of Arts and Science. India, B Chithra , B M Rajesh ,   Dr. N G P Arts and Science College, India
Published: October 2024

Private transportation has become a daily need for most people nowadays. Because of the increased use of private transportation by modern society, road accidents have become a major issue. Vehicular communication is one of the methods to reduce the number of dangerous accidents. It is possible to communicate between two vehicles, Known as Vehicle to Vehicle Communication (V2V). Road Side Unit (RSU) is a communication with a specific fixed unit. If communication is established between the vehicle and nearby infrastructure (V2I), accidents can be avoided. Inter Vehicular communication is the term for this type of communication. It also lets vehicles share information such as post-accident investigation, safety information for accident prevention, traffic jams, and many more. Europe and North America are at the forefronts of research to conclude vehicular communication standards. It recognizes technical specification for enabling the communication between vehicles and the road infrastructure and between the various manufacturers. In the existing method, Cloud-based VANET helps to monitor the road condition. Through the connected Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) and cloud computing technologies, the entities in VANET were able to access the valuable storage and computing services made available by some cloud service provider. The benefits cannot be given away for free because their combination introduces various privacy and security requirements for VANET applications. The authority should monitor real-time road condition using a cloud server, so sound responses to emergencies can be made on time, according to the cloudbased Road Condition Monitoring (RCoM) scenario examined here. Vehicles on site should report information if any dangerous road condition is detected, such as geologic hazards or accidents. Three major issues are discussed in RCoM. An efficient RCoM method was suggested to address these three issues to analyze its efficiency theoretically and to demonstrate its practicality through experiments. They were generated using random numbers and help us in authorization process. So, the malicious vehicles easily identity it. To resolve the issues mentioned above, one Improved Road Condition monitoring system (IRCOM) was initiated. Using the random key generator, the first sub authority delegation is performed, and by using the RSA algorithm, the vehicle registration is attained by generating individual keys. The distribution of the token is based on the individual key and time stamp assigned to each vehicle. Cloud will categorize the received report using the key, token and time stamp. Finally, the route authority will decode the reports and, if necessary, will take the appropriate action.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF VANET COMMUNICATION USING FEDERATED PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING
Authors:   SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India, T.R. Ramesh , R Raghavendra ,   Jain (Deemed-To-Be University), India, B. Vantamuri Sushiladevi ,   S.G. Balekundri Institute of Technology, India, R Pallavi ,   Presidency University, India, Easwaran Balamurugan ,   Texila American University, Zambia
Published: October 2024

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are one of the most advanced transportation networks that have attracted much attention in recent years. The VANETs are characterized by a large number of traffic flows, which make them a good choice for a wide range of applications. However, due to the unique characteristics of the VANET, routing algorithms present a significant obstacle that must be surmounted. In order to improve the communication quality, the research uses federated learning. The research demonstrates the capacity of the model to learn from its previous errors while also delivering more accurate projections using the federated learning. The findings of the simulation demonstrate that the model with a prediction accuracy of 4 packets/s has the highest accuracy when compared to its contemporaries as well as other predicted models. The results show that the proposed method achieves higher rate of accuracy in transmitting the packets with reduced overhead than the other existing methods.
ENHANCING BLOCKCHAIN TRANSACTION VALIDATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING RANDOM FORESTS
Authors:   Chettinad College of Engineering and Technology, India, T Gobinath , Sonkar Sanjay Kumar ,   Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical and Social Sciences, India, N. Alone Vinod ,   Vasantdada Patil Pratishthan College of Engineering and Visual Arts, India, C Thiripurasundari ,   KSK college of Engineering and Technology, India
Published: October 2024

As a distributed and decentralized ledger that ensures secure and transparent transactions, blockchain technology has attracted considerable interest. In the context of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where nodes with limited resources conduct transactions, ensuring efficient and trustworthy validation becomes a challenge. Using random forests, this paper proposes a novel method for enhancing blockchain transaction validation in WSNs. The proposed method enhances the accuracy and efficiency of transaction validation in WSNs by leveraging the ensemble-learning capabilities of random forests. The random forests model is trained with transaction content, originating node information, and network metrics extracted from WSN transactions. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method improves transaction validation precision and decreases validation time in comparison to conventional methods. In addition, the random forests model is resistant to multiple types of attacks, assuring the security and integrity of WSN transactions. The results demonstrate that random forests are a promising technique for improving blockchain transaction validation in wireless sensor networks.
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF S-BAND COMPACT DUAL MODE CLOSE LOOP MICROSTRIP RESONATOR FILTER
Authors:   U R Rao Satellite Centre, ISRO, Bangalore, India, Dashora Harsh , Roy Ugra Mohan ,   M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, India
Published: October 2024

Existing communication systems require efficient, compact and portable microstrip filters so that it contributes in enhancing the performance of communication system. Existing communication at S-band system requires spurious free signal transmission as well as reduced insertion and return loss, improved bandwidth and sharp roll off rate. The stated parameters could be improved through the design of a compact resonator filter. Hence, in this paper the design, development and characterization of a dual mode close loop resonator filter on microstrip structure at S-band is discussed. The proposed resonator filter design exhibits performance improvement in terms of insertion loss (<1 dB), return loss (Better than 12 dB), Bandwidth (>5%), sharp role off as compared to existing filter. Dual mode operation of close loop resonator filter is explained through the time varying field distribution. The size optimization of the designed resonator filter is accomplished without altering electrical parameter. The designed resonator filter has also been fabricated on two different substrates and comparative analysis has been carried out. Finally the realized filters have been characterised for its suitability in space applications.
ENERGY-EFFICIENT CLUSTER HEAD SELECTION IN MANETS USING FIREFLY ALGORITHM
Authors:   St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology, India, G Rohini , H.C. Kantharaju ,   Vemana Institute of Technology, India, B Gopinathan ,   Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, India, Krishnan Sangeetha ,   University of Africa, Nigeria
Published: October 2024

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the efficient energy-efficient cluster head selection (EECHS) is a significant issue. When an appropriate cluster head (CH) is chosen, MANETs'''' energy efficiency improves. Clusters are built in MANETs to facilitate communication between nodes. The EECHS problem has been addressed using a variety of clustering strategies, including distributed clustering and cluster-based routing. However, these approaches require high overhead and complexity, leading to suboptimal performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an algorithm that can select the best CH to facilitate efficient energy-efficient communication in MANETs. In this regard, the Firefly Algorithm (FA) has been proposed as an effective approach to solving the EECHS problem. FA is a type of swarm intelligence-based meta-heuristics algorithm inspired by the behavior of fireflies. FA is a simple and efficient optimization method that can be used to select the best CH in MANETs. The method has a number of benefits, including enhanced convergence rate and local search functionality. FA is also computationally effective and can adapt to shifting network conditions. This essay offers a thorough evaluation of the literature on the use of FA in MANETs to address the EECHS. Along with comparisons of their performances, a thorough examination of the suggested methodologies and algorithms is offered. Last but not least, various difficulties and potential research paths pertaining to the usage of the FA are explored.
REINFORCEMENT LEARNING BASED BLOCKCHAIN FOR ENHANCED ATTACK DETECTION IN IOT NETWORKS
Authors:   Srinivas University, India, Sangeetha S. Brilly , Prasad K. Krishna ,   Srinivas University, India
Published: October 2024

The expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) networks has presented new challenges in securing these interconnected devices against a variety of cyber threats. In this paper, we propose an innovative technique that integrates reinforcement learning (RL) and blockchain technology to improve the detection of attacks in IoT networks. Our design takes advantage of blockchain decentralized nature to establish a secure and transparent framework for network communication and consensus. We develop an RL-based attack detection model that identifies anomalies and potential hazards using IoT device data, network traffic, and historical attack patterns. Integrating the RL model with the blockchain network enables it to make decisions based on learned policies while maintaining the immutability and integrity of the decision-making process. We describe the main components of our design, such as the blockchain infrastructure, IoT device interaction, attack detection model, integration of reinforcement learning and blockchain, network consensus, continuous learning, and monitoring mechanisms. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed system in detecting attacks, mitigating risks, and adapting to changing threat landscapes through simulations and experiments.
ENHANCING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN SENSOR/AD-HOC NETWORKS THROUGH DYNAMIC SLEEP SCHEDULING
Authors:   Nandha Engineering College, India, M Dhipa , Rathore Nisha ,   Amity University, Raipur, India, Adivarekar Pravin Prakash ,   A.P. Shah Institute of Technology, India, Siddiqui Shams Tabrez ,   Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
Published: October 2024

Enhancing energy efficiency is a pivotal concern in sensor/ad-hoc networks, where devices are often constrained by limited power sources. Dynamic sleep scheduling emerges as a promising strategy to mitigate energy wastage and prolong network longevity. This approach involves orchestrating nodes to periodically transition between active and low-power sleep modes, aligning with data transmission requirements. Dynamic sleep scheduling optimizes energy usage, curbing the power-hungry nature of constant operation. This abstract explores the core concepts and applications of dynamic sleep scheduling, emphasizing its role in addressing the unique energy challenges encountered in sensor/ad-hoc networks. The benefits of dynamic sleep scheduling include extending network lifespan, minimizing interference, and promoting energy balance among nodes. Nevertheless, it also presents challenges like adapting to network dynamics, striking the right balance between energy savings and latency, and ensuring effective coordination among nodes. Various algorithms, including TDMA and LEACH, underpin dynamic sleep scheduling, with ongoing research driving advancements. These networks find application in environmental monitoring, disaster management, and industrial automation, among others.