bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Cartilage Defect Treatments Using Chitosan Hydrogels in
Experimental Animal Models
Authors: Souza-Silva Lais Caroline , Cristina  Santi Martignago Cintia , Garcia Motta Homero , Bonifacio Mirian , Regina Avanzi Ingrid , Assis Lívia , Araki Ribeiro Daniel , Risso Parisi Julia , Claudia Rennó Ana
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Chitosan (CS) is a polycationic polysaccharide comprising glucosamine
and N-acetylglucosamine and constitutes a potential material for use in cartilage tissue engineering.
Moreover, CS hydrogels are able to promote the expression of cartilage matrix components
and reduce inflammatory and catabolic mediator production by chondrocytes. Although all the
positive outcomes, no review has analyzed the effects of CS hydrogels on cartilage repair in
animal models.

Methods:

This study aimed to review the literature to examine the effects of CS hydrogels on
cartilage repair in experimental animal models. The search was done by the descriptors of the
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) defined below: “Chitosan,” “hydrogel,” “cartilage repair,”
and “in vivo.” A total of 420 articles were retrieved from the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Embase,
Lilacs, and Web of Science. After the eligibility analyses, this review reported 9 different
papers from the beginning of 2002 through the middle of 2022.

Results:

It was found that cartilage repair was improved with the treatment of CS hydrogel, especially
the one enriched with cells. In addition, CS hydrogel produced an upregulation of genes
and proteins that act in the cartilage repair process, improving the biomechanical properties of
gait.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, CS hydrogels were able to stimulate tissue ingrowth and accelerate
the process of cartilage repair in animal studies.
Hybrids of Benzimidazole-oxadiazole: A New Avenue for Synthesis,
Pharmacological Activity and Recent Patents for the Development of More
Effective Ligands
Authors: Bhasker Gunjan , Salahuddin  , Mazumder Avijit , Kumar Rajnish , Kumar Greesh , Ahsan Mohamed Jawed , Shahar Yar Mohammad , Khan Fahad , Kapoor Bhupinder
Published: November 2023

Background:

Two significant families of compounds i.e. 1,3,4-oxadiazole and ben-zimidazole, have undergone extensive investigation into their pharmacological characteristics and possible therapeutic applications. Both classes have shown their potential in a variety of ap-plications, and because of their synergistic interactions, they may have an even better therapeutic impact when combined.

Objectives:

To produce a specific molecule with potent therapeutic properties, it is now common methods to combine at least two pharmacophores. This facilitates interaction with several targets, enhances biological functions, or eliminates adverse effects associated with them.

Conclusion:

The synthesis of benzimidazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid compounds has recently involved the use of several synthetic techniques, all of which are detailed in the literature along with the advantages and disadvantages. It has been noted that the structure-activity relationship relates their pharmacological actions to their molecular structure. In order to set the stage for future research, the study aims to provide researchers with an effective toolbox and an under-standing of benzimidazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid compounds.
QSAR, Molecular Docking & ADMET Studies of Pyrrolo[2,3-d] Pyrimidine
Derivatives as CDK4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Patil Shital M. , Patil Varsha A. , Asgonkar Kalyani , Randive Vrushali , Mahadik Indrani
Published: November 2023

Background::

Cancer is caused by dysregulation of the cell cycle, which results in abnormal proliferation and the inability of cells to differentiate or die. Cyclins
and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4) inhibitors are drugs that target a specific enzyme, CDK4 that controls cell cycle progression in cancer.

Aim & Objective::

The aim of this study is to obtain an optimized pharmacophore of pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidine as a CDK4 inhibitor using QSAR studies. This aids in
determining the link between structure and activity in newly developed chemical entities (NCE’s). To perform molecular docking and ADMET
analysis to determine the binding affinity and drug-likeness of NCE’s.

Materials and Methods::

The Multiple linear regression approach (MLR) method was utilised to generate the QSAR Model using the programme QSARINS v.2.2.4. For
molecular docking, the Autodock vina software was employed. While the Swiss ADME and ToxiM online tools were used to predict toxicity.

Results and Discussion::

The best models generated for 2D QSAR had correlation coefficients of R2= 0.9247 & Q2= 0.924 and for 3D QSAR, coefficients were R2 = 0.9297
and Q2 = 0.876. A novel series of 68 derivatives was designed based on QSAR investigations. Molecule C-58 has shown maximum binding affinity
in molecular docking as compared to the standard Ribociclib.

Conclusion::

Fifteen compounds have shown potential as CDK4 inhibitors based on docking studies, pharmacokinetic behavior and toxicity profile. The
maximum binding affinity was demonstrated by molecule C-58.
Clinical Role of Modern Ayurveda in Treating Cancer
Authors: Pereira Galvina , Naga Lalitha Chaitanya Motamarri Venkata , Saxena Pal Rashmi
Published: November 2023

“Ayurveda”, an ancient Indian science of living which originated about 5000
thousand years ago, establishes ways of living a healthy life by establishing harmony
between body, mind, and spirit. Ayurveda suggests lifestyle and dietary changes for the
management of cancer and cancer like symptoms. Though the occurrence of this
disease about five thousand years ago was sparce, yet the ayurvedic texts do mention
some symptoms that can be aliased to cancer. These are often treated by different
Ayurvedic procedures and formulations. Majority of these formulations balance the
elements in our body referred to as “Tridoshas” which are vatta, pitta and kapha. It has
been reported that the herbs, lifestyle and dietary changes that act by balancing
“Tridoshas” show beneficial effects on cancer at various stages of the disease.
Medicinal plants that possess a set of defined attributes such as bitter, pungent,
astringent biopotency, act as excellent candidates for prevention, mitigation and
treatment of cancers. Moreover, using systems pharmacology and bioactivity-guided
fractionation, it is now possible to decipher the molecular mechanism of action of these
potent anti-cancer herbs. An amalgamation of Ayurvedic systems and modern medicine
put together as “Modern Ayurveda” is proving efficient in cancer therapy.
The Indian Cytotoxic Weed Flora and Their Phytochemicals
Authors: Thangavelu Prabha , Selvaraj Jubie , Saxena Pal Rashmi , Nayak Badavath Vishnu
Published: November 2023

India has rich biodiversity and a large number of medicinal plants that are
weeds. Usually, weeds are seen as troublemakers in the yard and interfere with the
man's land utilization for a specific purpose. Farmers and field botanists recognized
these weeds as medicinal plants such as Adonis vernalis, Phyllanthus amarus, Eclipta
alba, Centella asiatica, etc. used in folk and indigenous medicines. Most of the plants
that are considered weeds have not yet explored phytochemically and
pharmacologically. Simultaneously, many of these weeds were reported for their
secondary metabolites like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, etc.
having medicinal values like anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Many therapeutically important weeds are more popular in India, like Achyranthes
bidentata, Artemisia nilagirica, etc. with preferable medicinal benefits such as a
diuretic, anti-malarial, and brain tonic. Weeds are storehouses and chemical libraries
with simple to complex bioactive secondary metabolites, which serve as drug leads
against several resistance diseases like cancer and tuberculosis. Weed biomolecules
like Atropine from Atropa belladonna, Berberine from Berberis vulgaris, Colchicine
from Colchicum autumnale, Phenoxodiol from Glycine max, Ingenol 3-angelate from
Euphorbia species, Combretatin from Combre vulgaris have been reported. This
chapter explains various cytotoxic Indian weed flora, reported phytochemicals, drug
leads, ethnomedicinal values, modern pharmacology, mechanism of action and clinical
safety and efficacy issues. 
Importance of In silico Tools in Anticancer Drug Discovery from Nature
Authors: Priya Muthaiah Gnana Ruba , Naga Lalitha Chaitanya Motamarri Venkata , Singh Rathore Seema Sajjan , Engels S.E. Maida , Nayak Badavath Vishnu
Published: November 2023

Currently, cancer has become one of the most dreadful diseases threatening
human health. Natural plant sources play a vital role in the development of several
anti-cancer drugs such as vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine, docetaxel, paclitaxel,
camptothecin, etoposide, teniposide, etc. Various chemotherapies fail due to adverse
reactions, target specificity, and drug resistance of some types of drugs. Researchers
are attentive to developing drugs that overcome the problems stated above by using
natural compounds that may affect multiple targets with reduced adverse effects and
that are effective against several cancer types. The development of a new drug is a
highly complex, expensive, and time-consuming endeavour. In the traditional drug
discovery process, ending with a new medicine ready for the market can take up to 15
years and cost more than one billion dollars. Fortunately, this situation has changed
with the arrival of novel approaches recently. Many new technologies and
methodologies have been developed to increase the efficiency of the drug discovery
process, and computational methodologies utilise the existing data to generate
knowledge that affords valuable understanding for addressing current complications
and guiding the further research and development of new naturally derived drugs.
Consequently, the application of in silico techniques and optimization algorithms in
drug discovery ventures can provide versatile solutions to understand the molecular-level interactions of chemical constituents and identify the hits. Lead optimization
techniques such as ligand-based or structure-based drug design are widely used in
many discovery efforts. In this chapter, we first introduce the concepts of CADD, in
silico tools, etc. we then describe how this virtual screening has been successfully
applied. Furthermore, we review the concept of natural product anticancer therapies and present some of the most representative examples of molecules identified through
this method.
Modern Nanotherapeutic Approaches in The Delivery of Phyto Pharmceuticals in Anti Cancer Research
Authors: Chintamaneni Pavan Kumar , Pindiprolu Sai Kiran S.S. , Sathyamoorthy Nandhakumar , Lalitha Chaitanya Motamarri Venkata Naga , Saxena Pal Rashmi , Ravindra Babu Malakapogu
Published: November 2023

Cancer has become one of the leading causes of human morbidity and
mortality worldwide. A promising approach to tumour prevention is to eliminate cancer
cells, preferably with less harm to neighbouring normal cells. Due to the disadvantages
associated with current chemotherapy and radiation therapy, there is an increasing
interest in developing novel delivery strategies for these natural products. Many
phytochemicals show promise in cancer prevention and treatment due to their
biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, low resistance, and dynamic physiochemical
properties that discriminate normal cells in the treatment of various cancer types.
However, their low aqueous solubility, poor stability, unfavourable bioavailability, and
low target specificity make their administration at therapeutic doses unrealistic.
Recently developed nanotechnology has transformed drug delivery concepts and paved
the way for the development of phytochemical-loaded nanoparticles for cancer
prevention and treatment. Polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, carbon-based
nanoparticles, and cell-derived nanoparticles can increase the stability and solubility of
phytochemicals and also help in overcoming the disadvantages associated with
conventional chemotherapy and phytochemicals. In the current chapter, we have mentioned the importance of nanotechnology in the delivery of phytochemicals and also
added a note on the significance of delivery with current chemotherapeutics, including
present challenges and future perspectives.
Słowo o książce Marleny Jabłońskiej Dokumentacja specjalna w archiwach. Opis tradycyjny i komputerowy, Toruń 2011
Authors: Turska Samanta
Published: November 2023

Przedmiotem opracowania jest monografia dr hab. Marleny Jabłońskiej, poświęcona podsumowaniu długoletniej praktyki archiwalnej w zakresie opracowania i opisu dokumentacji nie aktowej oraz nowym propozycjom w tym zakresie.
Kompetencje językowe i komunikacyjne dzieci/uczniów na poziomie przedszkolnym i wczesnoszkolnym w diagnozie nauczycielskiej-pedagogicznej. Rozwijanie funkcji językowych w sytuacji nauki zdalnej
Authors: Wieczór Elżbieta
Published: November 2023

Tematyka artykułu skupia się wokół komunikacji językowej dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym i wczesnoszkolnym. Kompetencje językowe definiowane są jako kluczowe w rozwoju, a ich proces nabywania opisuje się w kontekście środowiska edukacyjnego i domowego.  Określenie poziomu językowego rozwoju dziecka stanowi ważny obszar diagnozy pedagogicznej. Każdy nauczyciel wczesnej edukacji w codziennej obserwacji (dziecko w sytuacji zadaniowej i zabawowej) i relacji językowej z dzieckiem, staje się świadomym i kompetentnym diagnostą. Doświadczanie codzienności dziecka w sytuacji nauki zdalnej, pozwoliło zaobserwować i zdiagnozować, jak w okresie  uczenia się on-line rozwija się język i komunikacja dziecka, manualność i grafomotoryka oraz świadomość pisma.
Exploring the key marketing elements that shape brand awareness in service-oriented sector
Authors: Saadin Izmayani , Haron Hazliza , Ahmad Nursaadatun Nisak , Ithnin Hafini Suhana , Kayeser Johra Fatima
Published: November 2023

Marketers employ various factors to create brand awareness. Small businesses in service industry encounter challenges in attracting consumers and adapting to market competition, contributing to the factors leading to their struggles. The purpose of the paper is to elaborate on the relationship between social media marketing, advertising, price, and product towards brand awareness. A quantitative method was used and research data was obtained via questionnaires. Purposive sampling method was applied and a total of 125 sample sizes of restaurant consumers in Perak were collected. The study findings indicated a significant and positive influence of all the variables predicting brand awareness.
Reliability of the Malay version of the KOOS patellofemoral pain and subscale (KOOS-PF)
Authors: Fuhad Aslinda , Zahari Zarina , Sadio Norhidayah , Lin Pi Peng
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The Knee Orthopaedic Outcome Score- Patellofemoral (KOOS-PF) has been established as a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating individuals suffering from patellofemoral discomfort. However, a Malay version of KOOS-PF is unavailable. Significant: To assess the reliability of the KOOS-PF Malay version. Methods: The English KOOS-PF was translated into Malay utilising a forward and backward translation technique. Findings: The Cronbach's alpha value is 0.917, indicating highly reliable tools for Malaysians with PFPS. Conclusion: The KOOS-PF Malay questionnaire was reliable, dependable, and simple for assessing stiffness, pain, and quality of life in Malaysia.
Assessing Idiopathic Scoliosis Knowledge Levels Among Malaysian Physiotherapists and Associating Their Clinical Experience
Authors: Aisha Mohd Din , Hairol Azman Kamalia Sari , Abdul Latiff Amir Muhriz , Abdul Razak Hairil Rashmizal
Published: November 2023

Physiotherapists play a significant role in the conservative management of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) patients. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge on IS among practising physiotherapists and the association between years of clinical experience and the level of knowledge. A total of 63 physiotherapists responded to the International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SORSOT) questionnaire. The findings demonstrated that the level of knowledge among the physiotherapists was poor, particularly regarding the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of IS. There was a significant association between years of clinical experience and the level of knowledge.
Identification of Hemodynamic Challenge Changes in Post-Cardiac Operation Patients with Early Mobilization in National Heart Institute
Authors: Wan Ismail Wan Marina , Majid Norhaini , Hashim Siti Nur Aishah , Ariani Fatmawati
Published: November 2023

Early mobilization should begin 24 to 48 hours after ICU admission. Early mobilization is a progressive process determined by the patient's functional abilities and endurance. The study aims to identify the hemodynamic challenge changes in post-cardiac operation at the National Heart Institute (NIH) Malaysia. Results show a significant association of hemodynamic challenge changes in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), and Saturation of Peripheral Oxygenation (SPO2) with early mobilization post-cardiac. In conclusion, early mobilization is a safe practice for post-operative cardiac surgery. Further study is required for implementation in other various cases in Malaysia.
Examine Primary School Teachers' Attitudes Towards Technology Integration in Primary Education
Authors: Yu Jiawen , Sukumaran Sheiladevi , Li Hongying , Zeng Jing
Published: November 2023

In today's society, information and communication technology (ICT) has become an ever-present force, deeply ingrained in all aspects of our lives. Its crucial role in our daily routines highlights its significance, especially in education. This paper focuses on exploring the viewpoints of primary school teachers regarding integrating technology in their classrooms. Additionally, it examines how educators' academic backgrounds and years of teaching experience may influence their attitudes toward technology in primary education. A quantitative survey with a convenient sampling of 50 teachers was employed in this study. The research objectives include identifying primary teachers' attitudes toward technology use and investigating potential differences based on teaching experience and educational qualifications. The results highlight an increasing necessity to explore the subtle motivations and concerns that underpin teachers' technological attitudes.
Beyond the Monarch: Rulers and the Policy Environment in Malaysia and the United Kingdom
Authors: Abdul Aziz Norazlina , Saripan Hartini , Mohamad Mangsor Mazlina , Rosa Ristawati
Published: November 2023

The study explores the intricacies of rulers' contribution to the policy environment in both Malaysia and the United Kingdom. The study aims to investigate the mechanisms through which monarchs exercise their influence on the policymaking process. The research offers insights into the dynamic forces of monarchical influence within policy environments, considering factors including political culture, constitutional limitations, and the rulers' inclinations. The research collected the primary data from semi-structured interviews with five respondents and focus group discussions. This study discovers that the exercise of power by the monarchy has led to constitutional challenges in judiciary activities.
Topics of Women’s Health Research in the United States, Canada, European Union, and Japan in 2012-2022
Authors: Kim Taemi , Park Ji Eun , Kim Saerom , Kim Myoung-Hee , Min Hye Sook , Choe Seung-Ah
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This study investigated recent trends in the topics of women's health research in the United States (US), Canada, Japan, and the European Union where various research projects related to women and gender have been conducted.Methods: To explore recent international women's health research, we selected research projects conducted between 2012 and 2022 from the US National Institute of Health, Canada's Research Information System, Japan's Health, Labor and Welfare Science Research Performance Database, and the European Union's CORDIS website. We categorized the identified research into three main areas; common or serious diseases and conditions affecting women, diseases, and conditions specific to women, and factors influencing women's health.Results: The focus of health research expanded beyond traditional views of women, gender, and gender differences. Projects addressed the health needs of vulnerable groups, including refugees, migrants, incarcerated women, trans individuals, and pregnant women with autism. They also explored the connections between gender and racial differences in women's health. This inclusive approach considered the gaps and intersections within women's health.Conclusion: Future women's health research in Korea will need to consider the intersectionality of gender, aging, and immigration. Environment-based approach in the research of drug addiction, mental health, nursing, and care would be important.
Association between Temperature and Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy
Authors: Han Hae Ji , Kwag Youngrin , Oh Jongmin , Ha Eunhee
Published: November 2023

Purpose: Exposure to heat and cold stress can negatively affect pregnant women. However, studies on the association between ambient temperature exposure and pregnant women, especially those with diabetes mellitus, are limited. The presence of this disease is likely to affect the woman’s capacity to adapt to the demands of pregnancy, consequently affecting fetal development. We examined the association between exposure to the mean temperature and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy.Methods: Health Insurance Reviews and Assessment Service was used to obtain data on patients hospitalized between January 2015 and August 2022. The association between the number of pregnant patients with diabetes mellitus according to monthly mean temperature and seasonal differences was analyzed using a generalized additive model. The model was adjusted for the treatment date, mean humidity, and mean age of the women.Results: The total number of patients with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy was 651,655 and the mean temperature was 12.87℃±9.89℃. The association between the mean temperature and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy showed a U-shaped nonlinear association. During the entire period, the number of patients with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy significantly increased by 2.82 per 1℃ increase in mean temperature (estimate, 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.06 to 7.71). The number of patients significantly increased by 72.12 per 1℃ increase in mean temperature in the summer (estimate, 72.12; 95% CI, 50.36–93.89), but the increase was not statistically significant in the winter.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to mean temperature during pregnancy is associated with diabetes mellitus.
Maternal Experiences of Anger While Raising a Child
Authors: Hwang Ji-Hye , Han Soo-Yeon , Chae Sun-Mi , Kim Mi-Ra
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This study aims to explore mothers’ experiences of anger while raising a child in South Korea based on a qualitative descriptive approach.Methods: A total of ten mothers of children aged 1-3 years participated in the study. In-depth individual interviews were conducted from August to September 2019 to collect data, which were then subjected to thematic analysis.Results: A total of 4 main themes and 10 subthemes were identified. The 4 themes were “individual and environmental factors that influence anger,” “a vicious cycle of anger expression and guilt,” “being a little bit more mature as a mother,” and “need for anger management.” This study described various causes, ways of expressing, and effects of anger, as well as the mother’s coping strategies. These experiences were viewed as milestones along the journey to becoming a real parent and helped mothers develop empathy for other children and mothers. The participants expressed support for expanding the social support system for child-rearing and providing psychological programs for mothers.Conclusion: Mothers of children aged 1-3 years experienced anger owing to various factors, but adapted by developing coping skills. This study recommends family-based support interventions to help mothers manage their emotions and parenting roles.
A mixed finite element method using a biorthogonal system for optimal control problems governed by a biharmonic equation
Authors: Lamichhane Bishnu Prasad , Nataraj Neela , Verma Deepanshu
Published: November 2023

In this article, we consider an optimal control problem governed by a biharmonic equation with clamped boundary conditions. We use the Ciarlet--Raviart formulation combined with a biorthogonal system to obtain an efficient numerical scheme. We discuss the a priori error analysis and present results of the numerical experiments that validate the theoretical estimates.
References

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W. Cao and D. Yang. Ciarlet–Raviart mixed finite element approximation for an optimal control problem governed by the first biharmonic equation. J. Comput. App. Math. 233.2 (2009), pp. 372–388. doi: 10.1016/j.cam.2009.07.039
P. G. Ciarlet. The finite element method for elliptic problems. Vol. 40. Classics in Applied Mathematics. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA, 2002. doi: 10.1137/1.9780898719208.
V. Girault and P.-A. Raviart. Finite element methods for Navier–Stokes equations. Vol. 5. Springer Series in Computational Mathematics. Springer-Verlag, 1986. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-61623-5
T. Gudi, N. Nataraj, and K. Porwal. An interior penalty method for distributed optimal control problems governed by the biharmonic operator. Comput. Math. App. 68.12 (2014), pp. 2205–2221. doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2014.08.012
B. P. Lamichhane. A mixed finite element method for the biharmonic problem using biorthogonal or quasi-biorthogonal systems. J. Sci. Comput. 46.3 (2011), pp. 379–396. doi: 10.1007/s10915-010-9409-7.
B. P. Lamichhane and E. Stephan. A symmetric mixed finite element method for nearly incompressible elasticity based on biorthogonal systems. Numer. Meth. Part. Diff. Eq. 28 (2012), pp. 1336–1353. doi: 10.1002/num.20683
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G. N. Wells, E. Kuhl, and K. Garikipati. A discontinuous Galerkin method for the Cahn–Hilliard equation. J. Comput. Phys. 218 (2006), pp. 860 –877. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.03.010
Effect of adding vermicompost, ammonium sulfate and fertilizer
batches on the absorbed amounts of some nutrients and the yield
and quality of summer squash
Authors: Nabeel Azeez Murooj , Mahmoud Alwan Bushra
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted at one of the research stations of the College of
Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad in the Al-Jadiriyah region for the autumn season of 2021, located within latitude 33.27 north and longitude 44.39 east in Silty Loam soil with a split -split plot design with three replicates. To study the effect of adding vermicompost and ammonium sulfate fertilizers and batches on the yield and quality of summer squash, nitrogen fertilizer was
added at three levels (100%, 0, 50%) from the fertilizer recommendation (0, 80,
160) kg N ha-1
(N0, N1, N2). ), using ammonium sulfate fertilizer containing (21%
N) and organic fertilizer (vermicompost) were added at three levels (0, 5, 10) Mg
ha-1
(V0, V1, V2) respectively, fertilizers were added in two batches after (10, 20)
days of planting and three batches after (10,20 and 40) days of planting. The first
batch was added after 10 days of planting. The concentration (N and P) in the fruits
were measured, the amount of the total yield, the percentage of protein, the percentage of total soluble solids (TSS) and fruit hardness. The results showed the
significant effect of adding vermicompost and ammonium sulfate fertilizers, the
number of batches on the amount of nitrogen and phosphorous absorbed in the
fruits, the total yield, the percentage of protein in the fruits, the percentage of total
soluble solids (TSS) and the hardness of the fruits. The treatment P2V2N1 excelled
and gave the highest amount of nitrogen absorbed in the fruits, which was 1995 kg
N ha-1. Phosphorous absorbed in the fruits amounted to 172.10 kg P ha-1
and the
highest total yield reached 21.53 Mg ha-1
. The percentage of protein in the fruits
amounted to 36.63%, the percentage of total soluble solids TSS amounted to
4.90%, and the hardness of the fruits amounted to 10.27 B. From this, we conclude
that by adding nitrogen fertilizer at the first level (N1) (80 kg N ha-1
) and organic
fertilizer (V2) (10 Mg ha-1
) and in two batches (P2) we got the highest yield and
the highest qualitative traits of hardness, protein percentage and TSS. Thus, we
conclude that the organic fertilizer improved the qualitative traits, gave the highest
yield and compensated for a part of the mineral fertilizer. The organic fertilizer has
a role in raising the absorption efficiency of (N and P).
Keywords: vermicompost fertilizer, ammonium sulfate fertilizer, summer squash.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-20 immunolocalization in rat first molar
tooth development after treatment with amoxicillin
Authors: Sabah Tabarak , AL-Ghaban Nada M.H.
Published: November 2023

Amoxicillin is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in children. It is,
therefore, administered as the first choice of antibiotics for respiratory, gastrointestinal, neuronal, and skin infections. This study aimed to determine whether
amoxicillin use affects the formation of dentin and enamel during the secretion and
early phases of mineralization. Sixteen pregnant adult Wistar rats were equally divided into two groups. The first group that did not receive the drug was prescribed
a saline solution (control group), and the other group received 250 mg/kg/day
amoxicillin (study group). The treatments were administered daily by oral gavage
from the 13th gestation day to the end of gestation. After birth, the newborn also
received the same treatment as their mothers from the first day of birth until 7 or
12 days after birth. The newborns will be sacrificed at 7 and 12 days postnatally.
The jaws will be dissected, and the maxilla, where the samples are fixed in 10%
formaldehyde solution, and the upper first molars will be analyzed. Immunostaining with MMP-20 on day 7 and 12 were performed. A significant difference in the
positive expression of ameloblast for MMP20 antibody between groups was observed at 7 days (P = 0.014) and no significant difference at 12 days (P = 0.347).
A significant difference for positive expression of odontoblast for MMP20 antibody between groups in both durations was observed at 7 days (P = 0.178) and not
a significant difference at 12 days (P = 0.143) and powerful expression in enamel
matrix during early mineralization stage in the control group and strong expression
in the study group. The current findings indicate that amoxicillin affects the expression of MMP20 during the secretory stage by decreasing the expression of
MMP20 in ameloblast, and the expression of MMP20 decrease in cells during the
early mineralization stage in both groups at different rate.
Keywords: Amoxicillin, Enamel, Immunostaining, MMP20, ameloblast
CYTOTOXIC IMPACT OF OUTER MEMBRANE NANOVESICLES
(OMVS) ON OVARIAN CANCER
Authors: ESAM Bushra , AL SAHLANEE RASHA
Published: November 2023

This study focused on extracting the outer membrane nanovesicles (OMVs) from
Escherichia coli BE2 (EC- OMVs) by ultracentrifugation, and the yield was
2.3mg/ml. This was followed by purification with gel filtration chromatography
using Sephadex G-150, which was 2mg/ml. The morphology and size of purified
EC-OMVs were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at 40-200
nm. The nature of functional groups in the vesicle vesicle was determined by
Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The antitumor activity
of EC-OMVs was conducted in vitro by MTT assay in human ovarian (OV33)
cancer cell line at 24,48 and 96hrs. The cytotoxicity test showed high susceptibility
to the vesicles in ovarian compared to normal cells with IC50 of 7.169 µg/ml at
96hrs of incubation. The current strategy is an effective and simple method to
obtain EC-OMVs.
Keywords: ovarian cancer, lung cancer, antitumor, breast cancer, nanovesicle,
MTT assay.
Biofilm Formation of Locales Clinical Multidrug Resistance Klebsiella
pneumoniae Isolated from Different Sources deals with Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Atea Ajeel Esraa , Kadhim Mohammed Rana
Published: November 2023

The goal of this study was to detect antibiotic resistance and determine the ability
of clinical isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) to form biofilms and
detect the relationship between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance
that depends on the specimen sources at the localized Baghdad Hospitals. This
gram-negative rod bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause various
illnesses in people and animals, such as important respiratory tract infections. For
these reasons, our study included 87 isolates of K. pneumoniae from different
clinical cases. The number and percentage of obtained isolates according to the
sources distributed as specimens: 26(29.9%) urine, 25(28.7%) blood, 8(9.2%)
stool, and 4(4.6%) sputum, as well as swabs:11(12.6%) burn, 9(10.3%) vagina
and 4(4.6%) wound. The antibiotic susceptibility test results showed colistin,
Imipenem, and meropenem were more effective against the isolates. The tissue
culture plate and Congo red methods were used to evaluate biofilm formation.
Finally, polymerase chain reaction was used to identify two genes linked with
biofilm formation: MrkD and FimH. The isolates showed different abilities to
produce biofilms based on clinical sources. The result appeared (97.7%) of isolates as biofilm producers from the following: 41(47.13%) strongly, 33 (37.93%)
moderately, and 11 (12.64%) weakly. While only two isolates 2 (2.3 %) represented non-biofilm producers. 100 and 91% of the isolates, respectively, had the
MrkD and FimH biofilm formation genes, according to molecular analysis. A recent study showed biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae strains isolated from
blood specimens could form stronger biofilms. On the other hand, stool specimens formed weaker biofilm compared to them. According to this study, multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae strains' capacity to form biofilms and their
antibiotic resistance profile is positively correlated. These could aid in developing therapeutic therapies for infections brought on by K. pneumoniae resistant to
carbapenems, considered the "final line of defense" antibiotics. We can infer
from this work that K. pneumoniae could be isolated from many sources and was
MDR, as well as having the different capacity to build biofilm in various ways,
especially in hospital cases of high antibiotic resistance.
Keywords: K. pneumoniae, Biofilm formation, MDR, PDR, XDR, Congo red
Seed Treatment of Okra with Humic Acid to Control Pathogen of
Damping-Off Fusarium Solani.
Authors: Mohammed Hussein Ali , Salem Aljarah Neran
Published: November 2023

The study was conducted in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering
Sciences for the 2022 season, University of Baghdad / Al-Jadriya. The study
aimed to evaluate the efficiency of soaking the okra seeds of the Hissainawya and
Batra varieties with 0.05% Humic acid for 12 hours in controlling the disease of
rot, damping off, and root rot caused by the fungus Fusarium solani. The results
showed the effectiveness of soaking treatment with Humic acid in reducing the
disease incidence with damping off and root rot of okra seeds of the Hissainawya
variety when planted in soil contaminated with the pathogen. In comparison, it
reached 25% compared to the pathogen treatment only, which amounted to 75%
in field conditions after 30 days of sowing. The average infection ratio and severity in okra plants after 70 days of sowing the Hissainawya variety in treating
soaking with Humic acid. Besides, the soil spraying after 40 days of sowing in
soil contaminated with the pathogen was 26.67 and 41.67%, respectively, with a
significant difference from the treatment of the pathogen F. solani, which
amounted to 55.67 and 58.33%, respectively. Finally, treating okra seeds of
Hissainawya and Batra varieties with Humic acid had a significant effect on increasing plant height and dry weight, in general. Moreover, the Hissainawya variety responded more to the treatment of soaking with Humic acid compared to
the treatment of soaking seeds for the Batra variety in field conditions.
Key words: Fusarium solani, Humic acid, Soaking seeds, okra.
Polymorphism of IL13 (rs1295685) Gene and Its Serum Level in a Sample of
Iraqi Patients with Allergic Asthma
Authors: Yahia AL-Qadhi Israa , Qasim Hasan AL-Saadi Basima
Published: November 2023

Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is an immune-regulatory cytokine, primarily secreted by
activated T Helper-Type (Th) 2 cells, which inhibits inflammatory cytokine production in allergic asthma. Single nucleotide polymorphism SNP (1295685A˃G)
of the IL-13 gene and its serum level was included in a case-control study on 60
Iraqi asthmatics and 60 controls. ELISSA-linked immune-sorbent assay was used
to estimate blood serum levels. The real-time high-resolution melting polymerase-chain-reaction (Real-time PCR-HRM) method was used to determine this
variant. The results showed that the mean level of IL-13 was high in asthmatic
patients compared to the control group (22.90 pg/ml vs.13.99 pg/ml), respectively, and significant differences were (p=0.0001). ROC curve analysis of IL-13 described an AUC of 0.882. Regarding the allele and genotype of (A˃G 1295685)
SNP, there were clear differences between patients and the control group, as the
frequency of the GG +AG genotype was significantly higher (p=0.001) in patients compared to the control group (81.7%vs.23.3%) respectively, and the G allele frequency was higher in patients compared to the control group (48.8% vs.
16.6%) respectively, with significant difference (p=0.001). In conclusion, increased levels of IL-13 in serum and the presence of the G allele, GG + AG genotype in the IL13 gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of allergic asthma
in Iraqi adult patients.
Keywords: Allergic Asthma, IL-13, SNP, RT-HRM-PCR
Predictive value of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, Hemoglobin and Lactate
dehydrogenase levels in diagnosing COVID-19 patients
Authors: Manaf Abd Al-Rhman Rand , al-sahlanee Rasha , Mohammed Jawad Alsaffar Jinan , Hussain Ibrahim Aida
Published: November 2023

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused
enormous issues worldwide and is the most infectious pandemic. 50 subjects
(evenly distributed between sexes) were included in this study, as well as their
range of ages starting from 2 to 67 years. According to the study's result, the age
and gender of the subjects include susceptibility to COVID-19; males were found
to be more infected than females, and the ages 36 to 67 were more common than
in other age ranges. Also, BMI calculations revealed that male patients with
COVID-19 had the highest percentage of obesity. The clinical parameter results
have been found serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) as an essential indicator that
changes significantly in infection with COVID‐19 and inflammation. The concentration of CRP is higher levels for positive COVID‐19 patients (male and female)
with mild symptoms of COVID-19 than those with negative COVID‐19 infection,
and CRP levels were found to be higher in male than female patients. The results
of D-dimer levels determined a nonsignificant difference in D-dimer levels in
COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients than the normal concentration (N:
Less than 500mg/dl.). The results of hemoglobin blood levels demonstrated significant variations between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients and a
decrease in Hb concentration compared to normal concentration (N: 11-16 g/dl.);
thus, a link between anemia and inflammation. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
levels increased in positive COVID-19 patients male were (178.79 ± 56.08) mg/dl,
and positive COVID-19 patients female were (141.57 ± 46.90) mg/dl than normal
(N: Less than100mg/dl.), and significant variation was observed between positive
and negative COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: COVID-19; C‐reactive protein; hemoglobin; lactate dehydrogenase.
Effective of Lemongrass and Lactobacillus plantarum in improving some physicochemical and Sensorial characteristics of Buffalo meat salami.
Authors: Hassan Ali Alsaady Falah , Hussein Hamdan Alzobaay Amer
Published: November 2023

Bacterial starter Lactobacillus plantarum at a concentration of 5% was added to salami, which was manufactured by using buffalo meat and belly fat, both separately and the same kind, at a rate of 75% pure meat, 15% fat, 2% salt, 1% glucose, 2% spices or C.citratus. The fermentation process was done at 37°C and relative humidity of 80-85% for 48 hours for all treatments, the salami was stuffed in natural casing, ripening at a temperature ranging between 18-20 °C and a humidity of 75-80% for 8 weeks, The salami product was divided into five groups, depending on the proportion of lemongrass, which was Lg1 Spices 2%, Lg2 C.citratus 2%, Lg3 Spices1% + C.citratus 1%, Lg4 Spices 0.5% + C.citratus 1.5 % Lg5 Spices 1.5 % + C.citratus 0.5 %. Buffalo salami was recorded for Thiobarbituric acid ( TBA) trials. Lg2 recorded the lowest value for TBA during 2 and 60 days, where it recorded 0.30, 0.65, and mg malonaldehyde kg-1, respectively. The treatment Lg1 recorded the highest value during 2 days 60 days of fermentation and ripening, which recorded 0.36 and 0.98 mg malonaldehyde kg-1, respectively. Moreover, for non-protein nitrogen( NPN) trials, Lg1 recorded the lowest value for NPN during 60 days, which recorded 3.10 %. In the trials, Lg2 recorded the highest value during 60 days of fermentation and ripening, which recorded 3.15. Sensory evaluation for flavor, Tenderness, Juice, Degree of general acceptance, and Texture, whereas trial Lg2 was the highest recorded 8.0,6.6, 7.7, 8.0 (scale point 8.0) and 3.0 (scale point 5.0), respectively. Keywords: Lemongrass, fermented Buffalo meat Salami, Lb. Plantarum, TBA, NPN, sensory properties.
Effect of adding different levels of lemongrass powder to diets on the
productive performance of broilers chicken
Authors: Samir Nema Husam , qasim Alhimdany Huda
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted at the University of Baghdad / College of Agricultural
Engineering Sciences to show the effect of adding lemongrass leaf powder
(Cymbopogon citratus) and vitamin C to broiler diets at different levels on the
productive traits of broilers. This experiment was conducted in the poultry field
(Abu Ghraib) / Department of Animal Production / Agricultural Engineering
Sciences/ for a period from 10/15/2021 to 11/26/2021 for a period of (42 days).
The study used 240 unsexed commercial hybrids (Ross 308) of one-day-age
chicks. They were randomly assigned to 6 treatments and 4 replicates for each
treatment (10 chicks/duplicate). The experimental treatments were as follows:
Control treatment T1 (feed without supplement), treatment T2 (add lemongrass 2
g/kg feed), T3 (add lemongrass 4g/kg feed), T4 (add lemongrass 6g/kg feed),
treatment T5 (add lemongrass 8g/kg feed), Treatment T6 (add vitamin C 0.5 g/kg
feed). Suppose we noted no differences between the addition treatments and the
control treatment during the experiment period in the productive traits. In that case,
we note that there are no significant differences between all the additional
treatments compared to the control treatment despite their arithmetic differences.
Keywords: lemongrass, broiler, productive traits
Autophagy induction using Resveratrol enhances the anti-cancer efficacy of
Doxazosin in breast cancer cells.
Authors: Ahmed Alhayali Ali Sami , Ali Hasan Waseem , Subhi Salah Firas
Published: November 2023

The combination of anti-cancer drugs improves effectiveness compared to the
mono-therapy scenario by targeting key pathways synergistically or in an additive
way. Doxazosin (DOX) and Resveratrol (RES) are reported to have an anti-cancer
impact against different cancer cells. Aim: To evaluate the anti-cancer properties
of Doxazosin and Resveratrol, each alone or in combination, in inhibiting breast
cancer cell proliferation. Methods: MCF-7 cancer cells were seeded to a confluent
monolayer and treated with 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.12 µM of each drug alone
and as a combination. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using dimethyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay and colony formation assay. The immunocytochemistry technique was conducted to evaluate caspase-3 and GABARAP expression. Results: All the drugs have a significant effect on cancer cell proliferation.
The combination treatment of Doxazosin-Resveratrol has a more cytotoxic effect
than each drug alone, as well as in colony formation of MCF-7 cancer cells. In
combination treatment, caspase-3 had a higher expression pattern than other treatments. Resveratrol treatment elevated GABARAP expression in cancer cells, indicating the induction of the autophagy process. Conclusion: Although each drug has
its characteristic result of a cytotoxic effect, the combination of Doxazosin and
Resveratrol synergizes the inhibition of MCF-7 cancer cell proliferation.
Keywords: Resveratrol; Doxazosin; combination; MCF-7; Autophagy.
Salivary trace elements in patients with ulcerative colitis on different treatment modalities
Authors: Talib Talib M. , Fadhil Zaidan Taghreed
Published: November 2023

The nutritional status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is considered less than ideal. This study aimed to compare the salivary levels of some trace elements (Zinc, copper, and magnesium) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) on two different therapeutic modalities to control subjects. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2021-2022 on 53 diagnosed UC patients (27 UC patients on oral immunosuppressant therapy and 26 UC patients on combination therapy). All subjects were randomly selected from gastroenterology and Hepatology teaching hospitals in Baghdad city; twenty-five subjects were also recruited as controls. Demographic data were recorded through a checklist. Salivary levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using SPSS-28 at a significance level of 0.05. The results: Salivary Zn mean was significantly lower in monotherapy and combination therapy patients than in controls (p<0.001). Mean salivary Cu levels were significantly higher in monotherapy and combination therapy patients than in controls (p<0.001). Similarly, the salivary Mg mean was significantly lower in both groups of ulcerative colitis patients than in controls (p<0.001). The mean of salivary Cu was higher in UC patients, while the men of Zn and Mg were lower in UC patients compared to controls. Conclusions: The results showed that UC patients have significantly lower Zn and Mg levels than healthy individuals and were lower inpatient on monotherapy than in combination. At the same time, salivary Cu in UC patients was higher than in control individuals and was higher in UC patients on monotherapy. Keywords: Inflammatory bowel diseases, Ulcerative colitis, Trace elements