bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image Motion Measurement and Image Restoration System Based on an Inertial Reference Laser
Authors: Yue Ronggang , Wang Humei , Jin Ting , Gao Yuting , Sun Xiaofeng , Yan Tingfei , Zang Jie , Yin Ke , Wang Shitao
Published: May 2021

Satellites have many high-, medium-, and low-frequency micro vibration sources that lead to the optical axis jitter of the optical load and subsequently degrade the remote sensing image quality. To address this problem, this paper developed an image motion detection and restoration method based on an inertial reference laser, and describe edits principle and key components. To verify the feasibility and performance of this method, this paper also built an image motion measurement and restoration system based on an inertial reference laser, which comprised a camera (including the inertial reference laser unit and a Hartmann wavefront sensor), an integrating sphere, a simulated image target, a parallel light pope, a vibration isolation platform, a vibration generator, and a 6 degrees of freedom platform. The image restoration principle was also described. The background noise in the experiment environment was measured, and an image motion measurement accuracy experiment was performed. Verification experiments of image restoration were also conducted under various working conditions. The experiment results showed that the error of image motion detection based on the inertial reference laser was less than 0.12 pixels (root mean square). By using image motion data to improve image quality, the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the restored image was increased to 1.61–1.88 times that of the original image MTF. The image motion data could be used as feedback to the fast steering mirror to compensate for the satellite jitter in real time and to directly obtain high-quality images.
A Magnetic Food Texture Sensor and Comparison of the Measurement Data of Chicken Nuggets
Authors: Nakamoto Hiroyuki , Nagahata Yuya , Kobayashi Futoshi
Published: May 2021

Food texture is one of the important quality indicators in foodstuffs, along with appearance and flavor, contributing to taste and odor. This study proposes a novel magnetic food texture sensor that corresponds to the tactile sensory capacity of the human tooth. The sensor primarily consists of a probe, linear slider, spring, and circuit board. The probe has a cylindrical shape and includes a permanent magnet. Both sides of the spring are fixed to the probe and circuit board. The linear slider enables the smooth, single-axis motion of the probe during food compression. Two magnetoresistive elements and one inductor on the circuit board measured the probe’s motion. A measurement system then translates the measurement data collected by the magnetoresistive elements into compression force by means of a calibration equation. Fundamental experiments were performed to evaluate the range, resolution, repetitive durability of force, and differences in the frequency responses. Furthermore, the sensor was used to measure seven types of chicken nuggets with different coatings. The difference between the force and vibration measurement data is revealed on the basis of the discrimination rate of the nuggets.
An Algorithm for Choosing the Optimal Number of Muscle Synergies during Walking
Authors: Ballarini Riccardo , Ghislieri Marco , Knaflitz Marco , Agostini Valentina
Published: May 2021

In motor control studies, the 90% thresholding of variance accounted for (VAF) is the classical way of selecting the number of muscle synergies expressed during a motor task. However, the adoption of an arbitrary cut-off has evident drawbacks. The aim of this work is to describe and validate an algorithm for choosing the optimal number of muscle synergies (ChoOSyn), which can overcome the limitations of VAF-based methods. The proposed algorithm is built considering the following principles: (1) muscle synergies should be highly consistent during the various motor task epochs (i.e., remaining stable in time), (2) muscle synergies should constitute a base with low intra-level similarity (i.e., to obtain information-rich synergies, avoiding redundancy). The algorithm performances were evaluated against traditional approaches (threshold-VAF at 90% and 95%, elbow-VAF and plateau-VAF), using both a simulated dataset and a real dataset of 20 subjects. The performance evaluation was carried out by analyzing muscle synergies extracted from surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals collected during walking tasks lasting 5 min. On the simulated dataset, ChoOSyn showed comparable performances compared to VAF-based methods, while, in the real dataset, it clearly outperformed the other methods, in terms of the fraction of correct classifications, mean error (ME), and root mean square error (RMSE). The proposed approach may be beneficial to standardize the selection of the number of muscle synergies between different research laboratories, independent of arbitrary thresholds.
Pedestrian Detection by Novel Axis-Line Representation and Regression Pattern
Authors: Zhang Mengxue , Liu Qiong
Published: May 2021

The pattern of bounding box representation and regression has long been dominant in CNN-based pedestrian detectors. Despite the method’s success, it cannot accurately represent location, and introduces unnecessary background information, while pedestrian features are mainly located in axis-line areas. Other object representations, such as corner-pairs, are not easy to obtain by regression because the corners are far from the axis-line and are greatly affected by background features. In this paper, we propose a novel detection pattern, named Axis-line Representation and Regression (ALR), for pedestrian detection in road scenes. Specifically, we design a 3-d axis-line representation for pedestrians and use it as the regression target during network training. A line-box transformation method is also proposed to fit the widely used box-annotations. Meanwhile, we explore the influence of deformable convolution base-offset on detection performance and propose a base-offset initialization strategy to further promote the gain brought by ALR. Notably, the proposed ALR pattern can be introduced into both anchor-based and anchor-free frameworks. We validate the effectiveness of ALR on the Caltech-USA and CityPersons datasets. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the baseline significantly through simple modifications and achieves competitive accuracy with other methods without bells and whistles.
Opportunistic Network Algorithms for Internet Traffic Offloading in Music Festival Scenarios
Authors: Manole Aida-Ștefania , Ciobanu Radu-Ioan , Dobre Ciprian , Purnichescu-Purtan Raluca
Published: May 2021

Constant Internet connectivity has become a necessity in our lives. Hence, music festival organizers allocate part of their budget for temporary Wi-Fi equipment in order to sustain the high network traffic generated in such a small geographical area, but this naturally leads to high costs that need to be decreased. Thus, in this paper, we propose a solution that can help offload some of that traffic to an opportunistic network created with the attendees’ smartphones, therefore minimizing the costs of the temporary network infrastructure. Using a music festival-based mobility model that we propose and analyze, we introduce two routing algorithms which can enable end-to-end message delivery between participants. The key factors for high performance are social metrics and limiting the number of message copies at any given time. We show that the proposed solutions are able to offer high delivery rates and low delivery delays for various scenarios at a music festival.
RRG-GAN Restoring Network for Simple Lens Imaging System
Authors: Wu Xiaotian , Li Jiongcheng , Zhou Guanxing , Lü Bo , Li Qingqing , Yang Hang
Published: May 2021

The simple lens computational imaging method provides an alternative way to achieve high-quality photography. It simplifies the design of the optical-front-end to a single-convex-lens and delivers the correction of optical aberration to a dedicated computational restoring algorithm. Traditional single-convex-lens image restoration is based on optimization theory, which has some shortcomings in efficiency and efficacy. In this paper, we propose a novel Recursive Residual Groups network under Generative Adversarial Network framework (RRG-GAN) to generate a clear image from the aberrations-degraded blurry image. The RRG-GAN network includes dual attention module, selective kernel network module, and residual resizing module to make it more suitable for the non-uniform deblurring task. To validate the evaluation algorithm, we collect sharp/aberration-degraded datasets by CODE V simulation. To test the practical application performance, we built a display-capture lab setup and reconstruct a manual registering dataset. Relevant experimental comparisons and actual tests verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Wearable-Sensors-Based Platform for Gesture Recognition of Autism Spectrum Disorder Children Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Siddiqui Uzma Abid , Ullah Farman , Iqbal Asif , Khan Ajmal , Ullah Rehmat , Paracha Sheroz , Shahzad Hassan , Kwak Kyung-Sup
Published: May 2021

Autistic people face many challenges in various aspects of daily life such as social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech, and verbal communication. They feel hesitant to talk with others. The signs of autism vary from one individual to another, with a range from mild to severe. Autistic children use fewer communicative gestures compared with typically developing children (TD). With time, the parents may learn their gestures and understand what is occurring in their child’s mind. However, it is difficult for other people to understand their gestures. In this paper, we propose a wearable-sensors-based platform to recognize autistic gestures using various classification techniques. The proposed system defines, monitors, and classifies the gestures of the individuals. We propose using wearable sensors that transmit their data using a Bluetooth interface to a data acquisition and classification server. A dataset of 24 gestures is created by 10 autistic children performing each gesture about 10 times. Time- and frequency-domain features are extracted from the sensors’ data, which are classified using k-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree, neural network, and random forest models. The main objective of this work is to develop a wearable-sensor-based IoT platform for gesture recognition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We achieve an accuracy of about 91% with most of the classifiers using dataset cross-validation and leave-one-person-out cross-validation.
Invariant Solutions of Black–Scholes Equation with Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Process
Authors: Matadi Maba Boniface , Zondi Phumlani Lawrence
Published: May 2021

This paper analyses the model of Black–Scholes option pricing from the point of view of the group theoretic approach. The study identified new independent variables that lead to the transformation of the Black–Scholes equation. Furthermore, corresponding determining equations were constructed and new symmetries were found. As a result, the findings of the study demonstrate of the integrability of the model to present an invariant solution for the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck stochastic process.
Multiobjective Ant Lion Approaches Applied to Electromagnetic Device Optimization
Authors: Pierezan Juliano , Coelho Leandro dos S. , Mariani Viviana C. , Goudos Sotirios K. , Boursianis Achilles D. , Kantartzis Nikolaos V. , Antonopoulos Christos. S. , Nikolaidis Spiridon
Published: May 2021

Nature-inspired metaheuristics of the swarm intelligence field are a powerful approach to solve electromagnetic optimization problems. Ant lion optimizer (ALO) is a nature-inspired stochastic metaheuristic that mimics the hunting behavior of ant lions using steps of random walk of ants, building traps, entrapment of ants in traps, catching preys, and re-building traps. To extend the classical single-objective ALO, this paper proposes four multiobjective ALO (MOALO) approaches using crowding distance, dominance concept for selecting the elite, and tournament selection mechanism with different schemes to select the leader. Numerical results from a multiobjective constrained brushless direct current (DC) motor design problem show that some MOALO approaches present promising performance in terms of Pareto-optimal solutions.
mRNA Innovates the Vaccine Field
Authors: Pardi Norbert
Published: May 2021

Development of new vaccine modalities is a critical need to address many of the shortcomings of traditional platforms such as the lack of sufficient efficacy against certain pathogens or cancer; difficulties with production; or, in some cases, safety issues [...]
Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine—A Pilot Study
Authors: Lange Andrzej , Borowik Agata , Bocheńska Jolanta , Rossowska Joanna , Jaskuła Emilia
Published: May 2021

Twenty individuals (17 females, 3 males, aged 31–65 years (range), median: 46) who received both doses of the BioNTech Pfizer mRNA vaccine were examined (11 to 31 days, median: 25) after the second dose for the presence of antibodies against peptides of SARS-COV-2 and some of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV1, HCov229E, and HCoVNL63. Clinical evaluation revealed that six people had COVID-19 in the past. We found that: (i) Six people claimed the presence of unwanted effects of vaccination, which were more frequent in those with a history of COVID-19 (4 out of 6 vs. 2 out of 14, p = 0.037); (ii) All individuals independent of the past history of COVID-19 responded equally well in IgG but those who experienced the disease tended to do better in IgA class (729.04 vs. 529.78 U/mL, p = 0.079); (iii) All those who had experienced the disease had IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid antigens but also 5 out of 14 who had not had the disease (6/6 vs. 5/14, p = 0.014); (iv) Anti S2 antibodies were present in the patients having COVID-19 in the past but also were found in those who had not had the disease (6/6 vs. 8/14, p = 0.144); (v) All vaccinated people were highly positive in the IGRA and the level of released IFN gamma was correlated with the numbers of HLADR positive lymphocytes in the blood (R = 0.5766, p = 0.008).
A Comprehensive Review on Membrane Fouling: Mathematical Modelling, Prediction, Diagnosis, and Mitigation
Authors: AlSawaftah Nour , Abuwatfa Waad , Darwish Naif , Husseini Ghaleb
Published: May 2021

Membrane-based separation has gained increased popularity over the past few decades, particularly reverse osmosis (RO). A major impediment to the improved performance of membrane separation processes, in general, is membrane fouling. Fouling has detrimental effects on the membrane’s performance and integrity, as the deposition and accumulation of foulants on its surface and/or within its pores leads to a decline in the permeate flux, deterioration of selectivity, and permeability, as well as a significantly reduced lifespan. Several factors influence the fouling-propensity of a membrane, such as surface morphology, roughness, hydrophobicity, and material of fabrication. Generally, fouling can be categorized into particulate, organic, inorganic, and biofouling. Efficient prediction techniques and diagnostics are integral for strategizing control, management, and mitigation interventions to minimize the damage of fouling occurrences in the membranes. To improve the antifouling characteristics of RO membranes, surface enhancements by different chemical and physical means have been extensively sought after. Moreover, research efforts have been directed towards synthesizing membranes using novel materials that would improve their antifouling performance. This paper presents a review of the different membrane fouling types, fouling-inducing factors, predictive methods, diagnostic techniques, and mitigation strategies, with a special focus on RO membrane fouling.
Abstracts of the 20th Congress of the International Federation of Infection Control (IFIC2020)
Authors: Authors Various
Published: May 2021

This Supplement contains abstracts for the 20th Congress of the International Federation of Infection Control, Belgrade, Serbia, March 11-14, 2020. Despite the cancellation of the Congress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the conference organizers and IJIC recognize those presenters whose research was to be presented and are pleased to publish their abstracts
Assessing the Influence of Aggregates and Cement Types on Fresh Roller Compacted Concrete Mixture
Authors: Sarsam Saad I
Published: May 2021

Roller compacted concrete mixture RCC is considered as a sustainable pavement construction material, it is a heavy-duty concrete mixture with zero slump. An attempt has been made in the present investigation to design the fresh RCC mixture using two types of coarse aggregates (crushed and rounded), two types of fine aggregates (silica and river sand) and two types of cement (ordinary Portland and sulphate resistance). Concrete mixtures with dense gradation were prepared and compacted according to modified proctor design procedure. A moisture-density test was used to determine the maximum density and optimum moisture content and of RCC mixtures for each mix.  Five different percentages of cement (10-18) % are implemented and six different percentages of moisture (4 – 8) %) % are used to determine the dry density-moisture content relationships. It was observed that the maximum dry density of rounded aggregates mixture is higher than that of crushed aggregate mixture by (4.2, 8.3, 4.2, 4.2, and 5.1) % and (4.1, 1.4, 4.1, 2.0, and 2.7) % for (18, 16, 14, 12, and 10) % cement content respectively for mixtures constructed with silica and river sands respectively with ordinary Portland cement. However, the maximum dry density of rounded aggregate mixture is higher than that of crushed aggregate mixture by (3.5, 4, 7.1, 5.5, and 4.4) % and (2.7, 4.8, 2.3, 4.4, and 4.2) % for (18, 16, 14, 12, and 10) % cement content respectively for mixtures constructed with silica and river sands respectively with sulphate resistance cement. It was concluded that 12 % of Portland cement and (6 to 7) % of moisture are proper combination when silica or river sand were implemented, while (12 and 14) % of sulphate resistance cement and (6 to 7) % of moisture are proper combination when silica or river sand were implemented. abstract must be a precise and reflection of what is in your article.
Non-Destructive Testing of Dissimilar Welded Joints
Authors: DIJMĂRESCU Maria-Cristina
Published: May 2021

This paper presents research’s results of non-destructive examination of dissimilar welded samples. The samples were made using sheets of austenitic stainless steel and carbon steel welded through the method of MAG welding with tubular wire. The samples were subjected to non-destructive testing in order to analyse the integrity of the welded seam, heat affected zone and the adjacent area of the weld.
Poly(3-HydroxyButyrate-co-3-HydroxyValerate) based Inorganic Consolidate for Firwood Preservation
Authors: DAVID Mădălina Elena , GRIGORESCU Ramona Marina , IANCU Lorena , ANDREI Elena Ramona , ION Rodica-Mariana
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to address one of the major challenges of the conservation state of wooden artifacts or artworks namely, the preservation and restoration of wood surfaces. The factors involved in the deterioration of wood are mainly the external factors such as fire, low temperature and microbiological agents, which induce some degradation processes in wood, identified by discoloration, fragility and unsightly appearance. In this study, biodegradable materials based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) and composites based on PHBHV and particles (zinc oxide (ZnO), carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAp) and its metallic derivatives with silver (AgCHAp) and strontium (SrCHAp) were applied on firwood specimens in order to investigate their consolidation capacity. Colorimetric measurements have confirmed that the chosen treatments did not change the colour of the natural wood. The hardness test revealed that the consolidation system increases the mechanical properties of the samples. The used treatments confer a strong hydrophobic character which prevents exfoliation of the wood samples, as confirmed by the performed water absorption test.
Polysaccharide Nanocapsules for Drug Delivery Applications, Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: FLOREA Marian , ION Rodica Mariana
Published: May 2021

In recent years pharmaceutical formulations using polymeric nanocapsules have been widely studied for developing novel drug delivery strategies. Nanocapsules provide a unique core-shell nanostructure, consisting of a liquid/solid core surrounded by a polymeric shell. Natural or modified polysaccharides are prime candidates for use as building blocks of the nanocapsule shells, due to their demonstrated safety, versatility and low cost and to the fact that they are widely used as excipients in classical drug formulations. The aim of this paper is to present the recent advances in drug delivery strategies using polysaccharidic nanocapsules and to discuss future opportunities and challenges in developing modern pharmaceutical formulations using such systems.
LAJU RESAPAN ALIRAN PERMUKAAN OLEH LUBANG RESAPAN GEOPORI PADA LAHAN PERTANIAN PASCA PANEN
Authors: Rarun Suharti , Kalangi J. I. , Saroinsong F. B.
Published: May 2021

In the last few years, many forests in Indonesia have experienced changes in land use to agricultural land, this has implications for the emergence of environmental problems, namely an increase in surface flow that causes flooding . Geopore technology or geopore infiltration hole is a technology that can be used to reduced rainwater runoff by absorbing more volume of rainwater into the soil and can help to maintain the presence or availability of ground water. This study aims to determine the percentage of surface flow reduction by geopore infiltration holes in land-based trees, reeds and open land. This study aims to determine the volume of surface flow and the rate of infiltration of rainwater on post-harvest agricultural land. The method in this study used a was randomized block design as a data collection method which was then analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this study showed that the average rainfall intensity of 16.36 mm / hour obtained an average rate of recharge on post-harvest agricultural land without geopore which was 65 mm / hour and the average rate of recharge on agricultural land with geopore infiltration holes namely 148 mm / hour.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN, SIFAT FISIK DAN SENSORIS MARSHMALLOW MELON (Cucumis melo L.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BIT MERAH (Beta vulgaris L. var. Conditiva)
Authors: Gumansalangi Frysye , Djarkasi Gregoria S. S.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of red beet extract addition to melon marshmallow product towards the antioxidant activities, physical characteristic and sensory properties. The method that used in this study were folin ciocalteu methods for total phenol test, DPPH (1,1-diphenil, -2 picrylhydrazyl) method that used for the antioxidant activity test, penetrometer methods was used for hardness test, and hedonic scale for the sensory test. The result of this study showed that 15% addition of red beet extract was the best treatment towards antioxidant activities which has 83,42% inhibitions, IC50 value of 145,27 µg/mL. Furthermore, the treatment of 15% red beet extract addition also showed physical characteristic value (hardness) of 79,78 mm/g/s which is the closest value to commercial marshmallow. The treatment which has the best result of sensory properties was 10% red beet extract addition, that is 3,34 (neutral). Keywords: Antioxidant, Red Beet, Melon, Marshmallow
PENGARUH PENCAMPURAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus vulgaris) DAN TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas L.) TERHADAP SIFAT SENSORIS MIE KERIN
Authors: Siahaan Bonita , Koapaha Teltje , Langi Tineke
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to obtain the formulation of dry noodles with a mixture of red bean flour and wheat flour based on the level of acceptance. The statistical design of this experiment was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments of the ratio of red bean flour and wheat flour i.e., A (20% red bean flour : 80% wheat flour); B (40% red bean flour : 60% wheat flour); C (60% red bean flour : 40% wheat flour); D (80% red bean flour : 20% wheat flour). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results showed that dry noodles preferred by panelists based on color, flavor, and taste was A treatment (20% red bean flour : 80% wheat flour) with the chemical composition and characteristics of that dry noodles was 4.83% water, 1.77% ash, 18.86% protein, 3.18% fat, 71.35% carbohydrates, 7.09 minutes of cooking time, 3.27% cooking loss, 73.20% swelling index, and 261.67% water absorption.Keywords: dry noodles, red bean flour, purple sweet potato
UJI ORGANOLEPTIK DAN SIFAT KIMIA KUE SEMPRONG CAMPURAN TEPUNG UBI JALAR UNGU (IPOMOEA BATATAS) DAN TEPUNG TERIGU
Authors: Montolalu Olfita S. , Langi Tineke M. , Koapaha Teltje
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to produce a quality semprong cookies by mixing purple sweet potato flour and flour properly, based on the panelists' preference level and the nutritional characteristics of the "semprong" cake. The organoleptic test results of the "semprong" cake which are preferred in terms of color, taste, aroma and texture are treatment A (10g purple yam flour + 90g wheat flour). The results of the proximate content analysis of "semprong" cakes for water content ranged from 3.16% - 3.77%, ash content ranged from 1.32% - 2.09%, fat content ranged from 16.26% - 20.95%, content protein ranges from 7.06% - 8.95%, carbohydrate content ranges from 66.31% - 71.21%.Keywords : Semprong Cake, Purple Sweet Potato Flour, Wheat Flour
ANALISIS ENERGI PENGERINGAN PADI MENGGUNAKAN VERTICAL DRYER TYPE VRD60 DI DESA BIGO SELATAN KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA
Authors: Lengkey Giovanni
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is calculating the total energy needed during the rice drying process by using a vertical dryer VRD60 type in Bigo Selatan Village, Kaidipang Subdistrict, North Bolaang Mongondow District, and determining the efficiency of energy use during the rice drying process.  The tools used were: AGRINDO dryer VRD60 type, Danoplus infrared thermometer THE-223, Sima brand weighing scale with the capacity of 500 kg, and CROWN digital grain moisture meter. Materials used were: 5,202 kg (5.2 tons) of Sultan rice variety, diesel fuel, and rice husks. The study was conducted with experimental and survey methods. Data was analyzed descriptively. The results showed  that the total energy used by the dryer is 1,531,560 kcal consist of 6,300 kcal labor (humans) energy, 683,760 kcal  of diesel fuel and 841,500 kcal of energy from husk usage. The biggest energy is obtained from the husk used as much as 255 kg with a calorific value of 841,500 kcal and the biggest use is to evaporate water from materials that is 450,293.1 kcal. The energy efficiency of drying from a vertical dryer VRD60 type is found to be 38.29%.
PENGARUH BROKOLI (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) DALAM MENGHAMBAT OKSIDASI LEMAK PADA NUGGET TEMPE KEDELAI SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Emeline Ezra A. , Taroreh Mercy I. R. , Tuju Thelma D. J.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to determine the influence of broccoli comparison in inhibiting fat oxidation of soybean tempe nugget before and after 30 days of storage and to evaluate the acceptance rate of soybean tempe nugget with broccoli comparison before and after of 30 days storage. This study consisted of 4 comparative treatments of broccoli and soybean tempe, which is 0% broccoli and 100% tempe in treatment A, 10% broccoli and 90% tempe in treatment B, 20% broccoli and 80% tempe in treatment C, and 30% broccoli and 70% tempe in the treatment D. Soybean tempe nugget is tested on 0 days and 30 days storage. The results showed the influence of the broccoli comparison in inhibiting the oxidation of tempe nuggets. Tempe nuggets with broccoli comparison is best reviewed from the levels of free fatty acids (ALB), peroxide value, and the value of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) is treatment B. The acceptance rate of soybean tempe nugget on color, aroma, taste, and texture is in the likes category. Where the most preferred soybean tempe nugget is treatment B with a concentration of broccoli as much as 10%.Keywords : Nugget, Tempe, Broccoli, Oxidation
MEANING AND FUNCTION OF PREPOSITIONS IN CHINESE AND RUSSIAN
Authors: Apaeva S.H. , Zhaparkulova D.A.
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the differences in the meanings and functions of a preposition in Russian and Chinese. In the aspect of morphology and syntax, separate features of the formation of Chinese prepositions are analyzed. Examples of different functionality of prepositions in two languages are given. It also provides examples of translation of individual prepositions, prepositional structures and whole sentences. Comparison of Russian prepositions with the corresponding Chinese prepositions is very important both scientifically and practically. It is important for the methodology of teaching a language, helps to correctly select and arrange educational material.
THE NECESSITY OF APPLICATION IN THE LESSONS OF THE KYRGYZ LANGUAGE OF ETHNOPEDAGOGY
Authors: Asanbekova N.A.
Published: May 2021

The formation, development of folk pedagogy falls on the period of the formation of the nation, having survived the centuries, but as time passed, its content was enriched, it absorbed all-new elements, so pedagogy, which has a rich history, began to serve modern people. Oral unique heritage, starting from the unique sample of the epic "Manas", dozens of small epics, folk tales have left us a wonderful example of human upbringing. In the material, we propose, along with elements of ethnopedagogical education to wide use full-fledged findings (discoveries) of the latest research in the lessons of the Kyrgyz language in the senior grades of secondary schools.
KYRGYZ PHRASEOLOGISMS AS ELEMENTS LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD
Authors: Baataeva O.J. , Abakirova E.Sh.
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to Kyrgyz phraseological units as fragments of the linguistic picture of the world of the Kyrgyz people. A general overview of phraseological units by thematic groups is given. Attention is focused on the pedagogical culture of the people. Examples of phraseological units containing the mentality of the people are given.
ENGLISH AND KYRGYZ MODAL WORDS CORRELATED WITH OTHER PARTS OF SPEECH
Authors: Karagulova M. K.
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to analyze of English and Kyrgyz modal verbs formed by other parts of speech.
PURITY IN THE SONGS OF ELMIRBEK IMANALIEV
Authors: Kubanychbekova N.K.
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the role of purity in the poems of Elmirbek Imanaliev and its application. It first gives a brief explanation of purity, followed by information about the poet's poems on purity. The article answers questions about how Elmirbek Imanaliev reflected the concept of purity in his poems, and his opinion about purity. In addition, it includes research on the verses where Imanaliev used the word pure. More precisely, such songs will be studied in detail. It shows that the poet often used the words pure and purity, especially in his poems about love, and reasons for their usage. In other words, what is purity for a poet, how he interprets it, why he used the word purity, what he wanted to show to the reader as a poet, and what he glorified. The article contains similar opinions, analysis, and reflections on these issues.
STUDY OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH CONTROL
Authors: Akerova Dzh. A. , Kenenbaev E. , Askar kyzy L.
Published: May 2021

Earlier in several papers the question on minimizing of the entropy increment in the achievement of some goals was arisen. Based on the analysis of the processes discussed in this paper and in the problem of minimizing the increment of entropy the hypotheses on entropy have been put forward. An accurate estimate of the entropy increment is obtained with limited acceleration and braking of the point.
APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS TO MODELING BY MEANS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Kenenbaev E. , Akerova Dzh. A. , Askar kyzy L.
Published: May 2021

Modeling by means of differential equations is considered in the paper. Their solutions are constructed on the base of functional relations connecting values of a solution of the equation in different points (infinite or finite set of values). For examples, even, odd and periodical solutions, Vallée-Poussin’s assertion, Lagrange interpolation polynomial, Hermite interpolation polynomial, spline-functions for ordinary differential equations, Asgeirsson’s identity and its generalizations for partial differential equations of hyperbolic type, “mean value” for partial differential equations of elliptic type are considered. Also, if an equation is close to one of considered types then an assertion is to be fulfilled approximately. Some estimations are found for such examples. An application of such relations to investigate some problems of interpolation and extrapolation is demonstrated.
SOLUTION OF A LINEAR TWO-STAGE PROBLEM OF LOCATION OF PRODUCTION
Authors: Sharshembieva F.K. , Sultankul kyzy A. , Zholborsova A.J.
Published: May 2021

Formulated the mathematical model of the problem of locating production with restrictions on the volume of production and goods transportation through transshipment points. Supposed method for solving this problem is placement. Numerical example has been construct for verification this the method.
A spatiotemporal appraisal of road traffic accident in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Geography, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria, Muhammed Yahaya Abdulkadir , Sani Yusuf Abdullahi ,   Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Musa Inusa ,   Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria, Ilyasu Maaji Fatima ,   Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria, Umar Bambale Suleiman ,   Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria, Oscar Rowland ,   Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria, Muhammad Bawa Abubakar ,   Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria, Uwanuakwa Angela ,   Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria,   Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Road accident has been claiming lives and no amount of research will be enough to expose the causes and dangers. This study appraises the causes and analyses the variation of road accidents in the Kaduna metropolis, intending to reduce it. Research methodology: The data used was obtained from Federal Road Safety Corps and complemented by the researchers’ field survey. Eight members of the research team went to the 24 bus stops identified each month rotationally. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied in the analysis. Results: There was a high correlation of mortality and road accident injuries as confirmed by r-value 0.7 using pearson product moment correlation. Accidents occur most in the morning and afternoon and the season with most accident occurrence was the dry season. The combination of over speeding and other factors were the major causes of road accidents. Limitations: The study used data published in 2016, although a follow-up data verification was conducted in 2017 and 2018. Therefore, the study is old and the results might have changed and might not necessarily be reliable. Contribution: Road accidents hot spots areas, causes, and patterns were exposed to guide the road users in order to avoid the accident. The study can also be replicated in other study areas with similar characteristics.
MASC UNMASKED- A CASE REPORT AND WHAT WE KNOW TILL DATE
Authors: Huda Farhanul , Manoj Joshua Lokavarapu , Agrawal Saumya , Singh Ashok
Published: May 2021

We report a case of MASC (mammary analogue of secretory carcinoma) in a 24-year-old male who
presented with swelling in the parotid region and provisional diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma and
supercial parotidectomy was done. On histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry, it was diagnosed as MASC
which is a less common variant of salivary gland tumor and completely a pathological diagnosis, not possible to diagnose
preoperatively. It shows resemblance to pleomorphic adenoma both clinically and histopathologically. The treatment varies
from simple excisions to radical surgery with or without neck dissections, adjuvant radiotherapy and or adjuvant systemic
chemotherapy. Post-operative radiotherapy is reserved for patients with close surgical margins (5mm), incomplete resection,
perineural invasion and / T3 or T4 tumours which are not present in our case.
SMALL INTESTINAL CARCINOID TUMOR-A CASE REPORT
Authors: Santhi B. , Savitha S. , Vikraman V. G.
Published: May 2021

Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine tumours, the most common tumour of the small bowel and its
incidence is rising. Most carcinoid tumours grow slowly and mostly asymptomatic or may present with
nonspecic abdominal pain or carcinoid syndrome. We had a 38 year old, female patient presented with generalized,
intermittent, dull aching abdominal pain accompanied with distension and obstipation for 2 days with associated vomiting.
She complained of weight loss and constipation during this period. On examination abdomen showed deep tenderness in
periumbilical, right lower quadrant regions. No guarding, rigidity, mass or free uid. On per-rectal examination, there was no
tenderness and the rectum was empty. Contrast enhanced computed tomography scan showed enhancing polypoidal lesion
noted in distal ileum causing proximal dilatation of small bowel with air uid levels and circumferential wall thickening in
dilated ileum proximal to polypoidal lesion, strongly enhancing nodal mass with specs of calcication, multiple mesentric
lymph nodes and no liver metastasis. As the conservative management for 48 hours showed no improvement in symptoms, an
emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed, and an intraluminal mass was identied from ileocecal junction causing
obstruction with dilated loops of ileum and jejunum. Local resection of terminal ileum was performed and a side to side
anastomoses was done using GI stapler. Histopathology showed diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN LOW BACK PAIN: A TWOGROUP STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING ANALYSIS
Authors: Theodoropoulou Eleni , M. Stavrou Nektarios A. , Koskolou Maria , Karteroliotis Konstantinos
Published: May 2021

Studies have indicated that physical activity (PA) reduces pain and enhances quality of life (QoL) in low
back pain (LBP). No study has investigated the aforementioned factors within the context of the same
theoretical model so far. The aim of this study was to examine the PA and QoL relationship through the intermediary effects of
bodily pain (BP) and physical (PCS) and psychological (MCS) health. Participants were 684 individuals aged 39.16 ± 13.52
years old (M ± SD). In total, 222 participants of the sample reported LBP, whereas 462 participants did not. LBP, PA, BP, PCS, MCS
and QoL were assessed. A two-group structural equation modeling analysis was used. The results didn't support the model
invariance across groups. Within the group with LBP, PA improved QoL through PCS and MCS, whereas in the group without LBP,
PA enhanced QoL through MCS. Longitudinal studies should be carried out for highlighting these associations over time.
LOCAL APPLICATION OF GROWTH HORMONE INDUCES INCREASED IMMUNOEXPRESSION OF IGF-I ON CRANIOFACIAL BONE DEFECTS REPAIR – A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Santos Felipe Rychuv , Mueller Storrer Carmen L. , Gabriely Weiss Suyany , Kluppel Leandro , Zielak João César , Deliberador Tatiana Miranda
Published: May 2021

The aim is to evaluate the local effect of different concentrations of growth hormone (GH) on the repair of
craniofacial bone defects, through histological, histomorfometric, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)
immunoexpression assessments. Critical defects (5 mm) were performed in 32 Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four
groups: Group C (Control); Group S (Sponge-collagen); Group GH 0.08 mL; GH 0.104 mg; Group GH 0.1mL. Local applications
were performed 3 times a week until the rats were euthanized at 60 days. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (P
< 0.05). A healing process with predominance of collagen bers and bone neoformation near the edges of the defect was
observed in groups C and S. Islands of bone neoformation were observed at the center and edges of the defect in groups GH
0.08 and GH 0.1. In GH 0.1, the bone was more compact, and the defect was completely closed in some specimens. Bone
neoformation was signicantly higher in the GH-treated groups. All the specimens stained positive for IGF-I, and this
immunoexpression was signicantly higher in Group GH 0.1. In conclusion, locally applied GH signicantly favored bone
repair in rat calvaria, and a higher dose of GH increased the immunoexpression of IGF-I.
CAN HOMOEOPATHY COMBAT COVID-19? A REPERTORIAL VIEW.
Authors: Ramalingam Suresh , Rajagopalan Maanasa , Rajendran Karthikeyan Pandiyambakkam , Govindarajulu Srinivas , Rozario Antony
Published: May 2021

Corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19, the ongoing pandemic had resulted in greater loss and had been
challenging to the global health security and Health care system. With no curative medicines,
repurposing of existing allopathic medicines was widely carried out. Besides Allopathy, traditional medicines and
complimentary alternative system of medicines are also being tried and tested everywhere. Management of COVID-19
patients in India is being done according to the guidelines of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Under its
directives, the Ministry of AYUSH has recommended using Homeopathy drugs as Prophylactic medicines in the name of
Immune boosters and also as a Therapeutic agent along with the existing standard of care in the Management of COVID-19
disease. During many previous epidemics Homeopathic medical system has registered its success in both treatment and
preventive aspects, which has been recorded in various literatures. Adapting the principles of individualization in an epidemic
situation, two major concepts - Genus epidemicus and Similimum through Repertorisation have proved to be viable in
embracing homeopathic approach for Prophylactic and Therapeutic measures against COVID-19 respectively. We in this study
have used Repertorisation to derive similar remedies for the clinical picture in each concept, to combat COVID-19.The results
from the review and repertory have shown Arsenicum album and Phosphorus to have the most similarity with COVID-19
clinical picture of various stages as listed in the World health organisation (WHO) and Indian council of Medical Research
(ICMR), based on the two concepts respectively. These remedies prove to have signicant effect as a prophylactic and
therapeutic against the COVID-19 disease based on the Genus epidemicus concept, yet it needs scientic clinical trials for
stronger and conclusive evidence which have been started and is being done by various homoeopathic hospitals across India
SCREENING FOR TOBACCO ABUSE IN THE WORKPLACE SETTING: - A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY.
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Rathee Sunila , Arya Sidharth , Gupta Rajiv
Published: May 2021

Background: - Abuse of drugs is one of the biggest curse that modern society has come across. It is not
conned to any one country or region alone, but has widely aficted the globe. Of the various drugs
abused, the most widely distributed and commonly used drug in the India is tobacco. Objective: - To assess the patterns of
tobacco use among auto rickshaw workers in Rohtak City. Materials and Methods: - This was a cross sectional hospital based
study and included 50 auto rickshaw workers. A semi structured questionnaire with questions regarding socio demographic
prole, tobacco use pattern, knowledge about harmful effects of tobacco use and Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence were
administered. Results: - The mean age of the participants were 32.68 years with average monthly income of 9400 rupees.
Maximum participants were having middle and primary level of education and most of them were married. Most of them were
having rural background (38%) and smoking was the major mode of tobacco use among majority of subjects (70%). Majority of
the smokers and tobacco chewers reported moderate to high dependence (56%) as per Fagerstrom test. Conclusion: - We
observed a high dependence level on nicotine in terms of smoking and smokeless tobacco use in the workplace setting. We
needs to adopt a more holistic and coercive approach to ght the problem of tobacco. But the dim part of the management is
that people were unable to accept the dependency that become a hurdle for them to seek professional help.
HOMOEOPATHIC NOSODES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND COVID-19: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Sundararajan Madhuvarshini , Govindarajulu Srinivas
Published: May 2021

Background: Concern about infectious diseases laid more burden on the global health which merely affects the global economy too. Highly transmissible infectious diseases which are the commonest cause of death in the world. Vaccines are the one showing considerable evidence in protecting the people from the infectious diseases. Even though evolutions happened in the eld of vaccines, there is certain infectious agent which are resistant to vaccines. Despite, people are in search of other alternative effective therapy for the infectious disease rather than vaccine. Nosodes came into existence as an alternative one, but there is no quality evidence for the effectiveness of vaccine. Objectives: A review of literature on examining the efcacy of nosodes in infectious diseases. Methods: A search (PubMed and google scholar, Indian Journal of Research in Homeopathy) was conducted regarding the history of nosodes, their preparation, and their effects on various epidemics and particular diseases were included. Other studies regarding the experimental studies of nosodes on animals also included. Conclusion: A total of 21 articles were included. While this review of literature regarding the efcacy of nosodes in infectious diseases shows a positive tagging on the curing ability of nosodes. However, further more studies elucidate to enhance the mechanism of action of nosodes and it is efcacy in infectious diseases.
Sobre el regreso de Carroll, el convencionalismo y los fundamentos de la lógica
Authors: Gomez Torrente Mario
Published: May 2021

Propongo que el argumento carrolliano de Quine en “Truth by Convention” no refuta una variedad especialmente genuina de convencionalismo acerca de la lógica. También argumento que la lección carrolliana básica acerca del convencionalismo es que la introducción de convenciones o tesis aceptadas acerca de qué es lógicamente correcto no puede por sí sola instaurar las disposiciones inferenciales correspondientes. Apoyándome en mi discusión del regreso carrolliano, indico finalmente que hay cuando menos ciertos límites carrollianos a la manera en que las “leyes lógicas” podrían ser “sustituidas” y, en contra de ciertas consideraciones de Alberto Moretti, que hay también otros límites no estrictamente carrollianos a la sustituibilidad de las leyes lógicas.