bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Intrinsic Disorder in Human Synucleins and Associated Proteins
Authors: Venati Sriya Reddy , Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: August 2024

In this work, we explored the intrinsic disorder status of the three members of the synuclein family of proteins—α-, β-, and γ-synucleins—and showed that although all three human synucleins are highly disordered, the highest levels of disorder are observed in γ-synuclein. Our analysis of the peculiarities of the amino acid sequences and modeled 3D structures of the human synuclein family members revealed that the pathological mutations A30P, E46K, H50Q, A53T, and A53E associated with the early onset of Parkinson’s disease caused some increase in the local disorder propensity of human α-synuclein. A comparative sequence-based analysis of the synuclein proteins from various evolutionary distant species and evaluation of their levels of intrinsic disorder using a set of commonly used bioinformatics tools revealed that, irrespective of their origin, all members of the synuclein family analyzed in this study were predicted to be highly disordered proteins, indicating that their intrinsically disordered nature represents an evolutionary conserved and therefore functionally important feature. A detailed functional disorder analysis of the proteins in the interactomes of the human synuclein family members utilizing a set of commonly used disorder analysis tools showed that the human α-synuclein interactome has relatively higher levels of intrinsic disorder as compared with the interactomes of human β- and γ- synucleins and revealed that, relative to the β- and γ-synuclein interactomes, α-synuclein interactors are involved in a much broader spectrum of highly diversified functional pathways. Although proteins interacting with three human synucleins were characterized by highly diversified functionalities, this analysis also revealed that the interactors of three human synucleins were involved in three common functional pathways, such as the synaptic vesicle cycle, serotonergic synapse, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Taken together, these observations highlight the critical importance of the intrinsic disorder of human synucleins and their interactors in various neuronal processes.
Salivary IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 Are Key Biomarkers of Periodontitis Severity
Authors: Relvas Marta , Mendes-Frias Ana , Gonçalves Maria , Salazar Filomena , López-Jarana Paula , Silvestre Ricardo , Viana da Costa Alexandra
Published: August 2024

To explore severity and progression biomarkers, we examined the clinical relevance of multiple cytokines and mediators involved in the inflammatory response in periodontitis. A cohort of 68 patients was enrolled in the study and periodontal status assessed by the current classification of periodontal diseases. Immune mediators present in saliva, of both patients and healthy controls, were quantified using a Legendplex-13 panel. Clinic parameters were significantly higher in PD patients compared with HC, with a strong significant association with the disease severity (stage) (p < 0.001), but not with progression (grade). The panel of immune mediators evidenced elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β as disease established (p < 0.01). IL-1β/IL-1RA ratio was increased in PD patients, being associated with disease stage. An anti-inflammatory response was spotted by higher IL-10. Lower levels of IL-23 and IP-10 were associated with disease severity. No significant statistical differences were found by grade classification. Moreover, salivary IL-1β and IL-6 exhibited significant positive correlations with several clinical measurements (PI, BOP, PPD, CAL), while IP-10 showed a statistical negative correlation with BOP, PPD, and CAL. These insights highlight the complexity of the periodontitis inflammatory network and the potential of cytokines as biomarkers for refined diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Combining Hyperspectral Techniques and Genome-Wide Association Studies to Predict Peanut Seed Vigor and Explore Associated Genetic Loci
Authors: Xiong Zhenhui , Liu Shiyuan , Tan Jiangtao , Huang Zijun , Li Xi , Zhuang Guidan , Fang Zewu , Chen Tingting , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2024

Seed vigor significantly affects peanut breeding and agricultural yield by influencing seed germination and seedling growth and development. Traditional vigor testing methods are inadequate for modern high-throughput assays. Although hyperspectral technology shows potential for monitoring various crop traits, its application in predicting peanut seed vigor is still limited. This study developed and validated a method that combines hyperspectral technology with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to achieve high-throughput detection of seed vigor and identify related functional genes. Hyperspectral phenotyping data and physiological indices from different peanut seed populations were used as input data to construct models using machine learning regression algorithms to accurately monitor changes in vigor. Model-predicted phenotypic data from 191 peanut varieties were used in GWAS, gene-based association studies, and haplotype analyses to screen for functional genes. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze the expression of functional genes in three high-vigor and three low-vigor germplasms. The results indicated that the random forest and support vector machine models provided effective phenotypic data. We identified Arahy.VMLN7L and Arahy.7XWF6F, with Arahy.VMLN7L negatively regulating seed vigor and Arahy.7XWF6F positively regulating it, suggesting distinct regulatory mechanisms. This study confirms that GWAS based on hyperspectral phenotyping reveals genetic relationships in seed vigor levels, offering novel insights and directions for future peanut breeding, accelerating genetic improvements, and boosting agricultural yields. This approach can be extended to monitor and explore germplasms and other key variables in various crops.
Redox Chemistry: Implications for Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Gershner Grant H. , Hunter Catherine J.
Published: August 2024

Reduction–oxidation (redox) chemistry plays a vital role in human homeostasis. These reactions play critical roles in energy generation, as part of innate immunity, and in the generation of secondary messengers with various functions such as cell cycle progression or the release of neurotransmitters. Despite this cornerstone role, if left unchecked, the body can overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS). When these overwhelm endogenous antioxidant systems, oxidative stress (OS) occurs. In neonates, OS has been associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), leukomalacia, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Given its broad spectrum of effects, research has started to examine whether OS plays a role in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In this paper, we will discuss the basics of redox chemistry and how the human body keeps these in check. We will then discuss what happens when these go awry, focusing mostly on NEC in neonates.
Glutathione-Dependent Pathways in Cancer Cells
Authors: Kalinina Elena
Published: August 2024

The most abundant tripeptide—glutathione (GSH)—and the major GSH-related enzymes—glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)—are highly significant in the regulation of tumor cell viability, initiation of tumor development, its progression, and drug resistance. The high level of GSH synthesis in different cancer types depends not only on the increasing expression of the key enzymes of the γ-glutamyl cycle but also on the changes in transport velocity of its precursor amino acids. The ability of GPxs to reduce hydroperoxides is used for cellular viability, and each member of the GPx family has a different mechanism of action and site for maintaining redox balance. GSTs not only catalyze the conjugation of GSH to electrophilic substances and the reduction of organic hydroperoxides but also take part in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. By catalyzing the S-glutathionylation of key target proteins, GSTs are involved in the regulation of major cellular processes, including metabolism (e.g., glycolysis and the PPP), signal transduction, transcription regulation, and the development of resistance to anticancer drugs. In this review, recent findings in GSH synthesis, the roles and functions of GPxs, and GST isoforms in cancer development are discussed, along with the search for GST and GPx inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Aqueous Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum Sensitize Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Cisplatin through BRCA1 Inhibition
Authors: Chen Jing-Huei , Lin Tsai-Hui , Chien Yu-Chuan , Chen Chung-Yu , Lin Chih-Tung , Kuo Wei-Wen , Chang Wei-Chao
Published: August 2024

Ocimum gratissimum (O. gratissimum), a medicinal herb with antifungal and antiviral activities, has been found to prevent liver injury and liver fibrosis and induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of aqueous extracts of O. gratissimum (OGE) on improving the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in HCC cells. Proteomic identification and functional assays were used to uncover the critical molecules responsible for OGE-induced sensitization mechanisms. The antitumor activity of OGE in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug was evaluated in a mouse orthotopic tumor model, and serum biochemical tests were further utilized to validate liver function. OGE sensitized HCC cells to the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Proteomic analysis and Western blotting validation revealed the sensitization effect of OGE, likely achieved through the inhibition of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1). Mechanically, OGE treatment resulted in BRCA1 protein instability and increased proteasomal degradation, thereby synergistically increasing cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Moreover, OGE effectively inhibited cell migration and invasion, modulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and impaired stemness properties in HCC cells. The combinatorial use of OGE enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin and potentially restored liver function in a mouse orthotopic tumor model. Our findings may provide an alternate approach to improving chemotherapy efficacy in HCC.
Follicular Fluid Proteomic Analysis to Identify Predictive Markers of Normal Embryonic Development
Authors: Przewocki Janusz , Kossiński Dominik , Łukaszuk Adam , Jakiel Grzegorz , Wocławek-Potocka Izabela , Ołdziej Stanisław , Łukaszuk Krzysztof
Published: August 2024

Ageing populations, mass “baby-free” policies and children born to mothers at the age at which they are biologically expected to become grandmothers are growing problems in most developed societies. Therefore, any opportunity to improve the quality of infertility treatments seems important for the survival of societies. The possibility of indirectly studying the quality of developing oocytes by examining their follicular fluids (hFFs) offers new opportunities for progress in our understanding the processes of final oocyte maturation and, consequently, for predicting the quality of the resulting embryos and personalising their culture. Using mass spectrometry, we studied follicular fluids collected individually during in vitro fertilisation and compared their composition with the quality of the resulting embryos. We analysed 110 follicular fluids from 50 oocyte donors, from which we obtained 44 high-quality, 39 medium-quality, and 27 low-quality embryos. We identified 2182 proteins by Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS) using a TripleTOF 5600+ hybrid mass spectrometer, of which 484 were suitable for quantification. We were able to identify several proteins whose concentrations varied between the follicular fluids of different oocytes from the same patient and between patients. Among them, the most important appear to be immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 (IgA1hc) and dickkopf-related protein 3. The first one is found at higher concentrations in hFFs from which oocytes develop into poor-quality embryos, the other one exhibits the opposite pattern. None of these have, so far, had any specific links to fertility disorders. In light of these findings, these proteins should be considered a primary target for research aimed at developing a diagnostic tool for oocyte quality control and pre-fertilisation screening. This is particularly important in cases where the fertilisation of each egg is not an option for ethical or other reasons, or in countries where it is prohibited by law.
Continuity of Operations in Newborn Screening: Lessons Learned from Three Incidents
Authors: Dorley M. Christine , Bair Elizabeth , Ryland Patricia , Ingram Amanda D. , Reeves Emily , Levinson Kara J. , Adair Ona O. , Meredith Jenny F. , Crowe Susanne
Published: August 2024

Three incidents that impacted two US newborn screening (NBS) programs highlight the importance of contingency planning for the continuity of operations (COOP). Other NBS programs may benefit from the experience of these state programs for their own contingency planning efforts. Through after-action reviews conducted post-incident, crucial elements for the successful management of an incident were identified. We detailed the strengths, weaknesses, improvements needed, and future actions that will assist in preparing for other incidents as lessons learned.
Anomaly Prediction in Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems via Rayleigh Distribution with Integrated Internet of Sensing Things (IoST) Monitoring and Dynamic Sun-Tracking
Authors: Akhund Tajim Md. Niamat Ullah , Nice Nafisha Tamanna , Joy Muftain Ahmed , Ahmed Tanvir , Whaiduzzaman Md
Published: August 2024

The proliferation of solar panel installations presents significant societal and environmental advantages. However, many panels are situated in remote or inaccessible locations, like rooftops or vast desert expanses. Moreover, monitoring individual panel performance in large-scale systems poses a logistical challenge. Addressing this issue necessitates an efficient surveillance system leveraging wide area networks. This paper introduces an Internet of Sensing Things (IoST)-based monitoring system integrated with sun-tracking capabilities for solar panels. Cutting-edge sensors and microcontrollers collect real-time data and securely store it in a cloud-based server infrastructure, enabling global accessibility and comprehensive analysis for future optimization. Innovative techniques are proposed to maximize power generation from sunlight radiation, achieved through continuous panel alignment with the sun’s position throughout the day. A solar tracking mechanism, utilizing light-dependent sensors and servo motors, dynamically adjusts panel orientation based on the sun’s angle of elevation and direction. This research contributes to the advancement of efficient and sustainable solar energy systems. Integrating state-of-the-art technologies ensures reliability and effectiveness, paving the way for enhanced performance and the widespread adoption of solar energy. Additionally, the paper explores anomaly prediction using Rayleigh distribution, offering insights into potential irregularities in solar panel performance.
Gender Prediction of Generated Tweets Using Generative AI
Authors: Alowibdi Jalal S.
Published: August 2024

With the use of Generative AI (GenAI), Online Social Networks (OSNs) now generate a huge volume of content data. Yet, user-generated content on OSNs, aided by GenAI, presents challenges in analyzing and understanding its characteristics. In particular, tweets generated by GenAI at the request of authentic human users present difficulties in determining the gendered variation of the content. The vast amount of data generated from tweets’ content necessitates a thorough investigation into the gender-specific language used in these tweets. This study explores the task of predicting the gender of text content in tweets generated by GenAI. Through our analysis and experimentation, we have achieved a remarkable 90% accuracy in attributing gender-specific language to these tweets. Our research not only highlights the potential of GenAI in gender prediction but also underscores the sophisticated techniques employed to decipher the refined linguistic cues that differentiate male and female language in GenAI-generated content. This advancement in understanding and predicting gender-specific language in GenAI-generated tweets covers the way for more refined and accurate content analysis in the evolving landscape of OSNs.
Digital Twins in Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Lampropoulos Georgios , Larrucea Xabier , Colomo-Palacios Ricardo
Published: August 2024

This study aims to examine the use of digital twins in critical infrastructure through a literature review as well as a bibliometric and scientific mapping analysis. A total of 3414 documents from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) are examined. According to the findings, digital twins play an important role in critical infrastructure as they can improve the security, resilience, reliability, maintenance, continuity, and functioning of critical infrastructure in all sectors. Intelligent and autonomous decision-making, process optimization, advanced traceability, interactive visualization, and real-time monitoring, analysis, and prediction emerged as some of the benefits that digital twins can yield. Finally, the findings revealed the ability of digital twins to bridge the gap between physical and virtual environments, to be used in conjunction with other technologies, and to be integrated into various settings and domains.
New Approach for Investigating a Class of Multi-Cost Interval-Valued Extremization Problems
Authors: Treanţă Savin , Özgül Emine
Published: August 2024

This study concentrates on a new approach for solving a class of multi-cost convex interval-valued extremization problems. Namely, we apply the weighting technique to find efficient solutions to these problems, defined in terms of LU-efficiency and weak LU-efficiency. Thus, an auxiliary weighting extremization problem related to the considered multi-cost interval-valued extremization problem is introduced. Under appropriate convexity hypotheses, an equivalence is established between the (weakly) LU-efficient solution of the multi-cost interval-valued extremization problem and the optimal solution of the auxiliary weighting extremization problem. Also, a numerical example is formulated to support the theoretical developments derived in the paper.
An Improved Bulk DNA Extraction Method for Detection of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Real-Time PCR
Authors: Mollet Kayla A. , Tembrock Luke R. , Zink Frida A. , Timm Alicia E. , Gilligan Todd M.
Published: August 2024

Helicoverpa armigera is among the most problematic agricultural pests worldwide due to its polyphagy and ability to evolve pesticide resistance. Molecular detection methods for H. armigera have been developed to track its spread, as such methods allow for rapid and accurate differentiation from the native sibling species H. zea. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a preferred method for bulk screening due to its accuracy and tolerance to PCR inhibitors; however, real-time PCR is less expensive and more widely available in molecular labs. Improvements to DNA extraction yield, purity, and throughput are crucial for real-time PCR assay optimization. Bulk DNA extractions have recently been improved to where real-time PCR sensitivity can equal that of ddPCR, but these new methods require significant time and specialized equipment. In this study, we improve upon previously published bulk DNA extraction methods by reducing bench time and materials. Our results indicate that the addition of caffeine and RNase A improves DNA extraction, resulting in lower Cq values during real-time PCR while reducing the processing time and cost per specimen. Such improvements will enable the use of high throughput screening methods across multiple platforms to improve the probability of detection of H. armigera.
Assessment of Lambda-Cyhalothrin and Spinetoram Toxicity and Their Effects on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes and Acetylcholinesterase in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Larvae
Authors: Choi Ji-Yeong , Chon Kyongmi , Kim Juyeong , Vasamsetti Bala Murali Krishna , Kim Bo-Seon , Yoon Chang-Young , Hwang Sojeong , Park Kyeong-Hun , Lee Ji-Hoon
Published: August 2024

Honeybees play a crucial role as agricultural pollinators and are frequently exposed to various pollutants, including pesticides. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCY) and spinetoram (SPI) in honey bee larvae reared in vitro through single (acute) and repeated (chronic) exposure. The acute LD50 values for LCY and SPI were 0.058 (0.051–0.066) and 0.026 (0.01–0.045) μg a.i./larva, respectively. In chronic exposure, the LD50 values of LCY and SPI were 0.040 (0.033–0.046) and 0.017 (0.014–0.019) μg a.i./larva, respectively. The chronic no-observed-effect dose of LCY and SPI was 0.0125 μg a.i./larva. Adult deformation rates exceeded 30% in all LCY treatment groups, showing statistically significant differences compared to the solvent control group (SCG). Similarly, SPI-treated bees exhibited significantly more deformities than SCG. Furthermore, we examined the activities of several enzymes, namely, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in larvae, pupae, and newly emerged bees after chronic exposure at the larval stage (honey bee larval chronic LD50, LD50/10 (1/10th of LD50), and LD50/20 (1/20th of LD50)). LCY and SPI induced significant changes in detoxification (GST), antioxidative (SOD and CAT), and signaling enzymes (AChE) during the developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and adults) of honey bees at sublethal and residue levels. Our results indicate that LCY and SPI may affect the development of honey bees and alter the activity of enzymes associated with oxidative stress, detoxification, and neurotransmission. These results highlight the potential risks that LCY and SPI may pose to the health and normal development of honey bees.
Musculoskeletal Dimension and Brightness Reference Values in Lumbar Magnetic Resonance Imaging—A Radio-Anatomic Investigation in 80 Healthy Adult Individuals
Authors: Balling Horst , Holzapfel Boris Michael , Böcker Wolfgang , Simon Dominic , Reidler Paul , Arnholdt Joerg
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred diagnostic means to visualize spinal pathologies, and offers the possibility of precise structural tissue analysis. However, knowledge about MRI-based measurements of physiological cross-sectional musculoskeletal dimensions and associated tissue-specific average structural brightness in the lumbar spine of healthy young women and men is scarce. The current study was planned to investigate characteristic intersexual differences and to provide MRI-related musculoskeletal baseline values before the onset of biological aging. Methods: At a single medical center, lumbar MRI scans of 40 women and 40 men aged 20–40 years who presented with moderate nonspecific low back pain were retrospectively evaluated for sex-specific differences in cross-sectional sizes of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, psoas and posterior paravertebral muscles, and respective sex- and age-dependent average brightness alterations on T2-weighted axial sections in the L5-level. Results: In women (mean age 33.5 years ± 5.0 (standard deviation)), the investigated musculoskeletal cross-sectional area sizes were significantly smaller (p < 0.001) compared to those in men (mean age 33.0 years ± 5.7). Respective average musculoskeletal brightness values were higher in women compared to those in men, and most pronounced in posterior paravertebral muscles (p < 0.001). By correlating brightness results to those of subcutaneous fat tissue, all intersexual differences, including those between fifth lumbar vertebrae and psoas muscles, turned out to be statistically significant. This phenomenon was least pronounced in psoas muscles. Conclusions: Lumbar musculoskeletal parameters showed significantly larger dimensions of investigated anatomical structures in men compared to those in women aged 20–40 years, and an earlier onset and faster progress of bone loss and muscle degradation in women.
The External Validation of GLOBE and UK-PBC Risk Scores for Predicting Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatment Response in a Large U.S. Cohort of Primary Biliary Cholangitis Patients
Authors: Marenco-Flores Ana , Rojas Amaris Natalia , Kahan Tamara , Sierra Leandro , Barba Bernal Romelia , Medina-Morales Esli , Goyes Daniela , Patwardhan Vilas , Bonder Alan
Published: August 2024

Background: The cornerstone treatment for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), but many patients exhibit an incomplete response, leading to disease progression. Risk prediction models like the GLOBE and UK-PBC scores hold promise for patient stratification and management. We aimed to independently assess the predictive accuracy of these risk scores for UDCA response in a prospective U.S. cohort. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at a U.S. liver center, monitoring UDCA-treated PBC patients over a one-year follow-up. We evaluated the predictive efficacy of the GLOBE and UK-PBC scores for UDCA treatment response, comparing them to the Paris II criteria. Efficacy was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses, followed by prognostic performance evaluation via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: We evaluated 136 PBC patients undergoing UDCA therapy. Based on the Paris II criteria, patients were categorized into UDCA full-response and non-response groups. The GLOBE score identified a non-responder rate of 18% (p = 0.205), compared to 20% (p = 0.014) with the Paris II criteria. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and biochemical markers, showed that both the GLOBE and UK-PBC scores were strongly associated with treatment response (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.87 (95% CI 0.83−0.95) for the GLOBE score and 0.94 (95% CI 0.86−0.99) for the UK-PBC risk score. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that GLOBE and UK-PBC scores effectively predict UDCA treatment response in PBC patients. The early identification of patients at risk of an incomplete response could improve treatment strategies and identify patients who may need second-line therapies.
Effects of Psychiatric Comorbidities on the Prognosis of New-Onset Pediatric Epilepsy: A Retrospective Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Choi Arum , Kim Sukil
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: To determine the impact of psychiatric disorders on epilepsy treatment outcomes and healthcare utilization in children with epilepsy (CWE) based on the presence or timing of the onset of psychiatric disorders. Methods: This retrospective controlled study enrolled children (age < 18 years) with newly diagnosed epilepsy into four groups stratified by the presence and timing of the onset of psychiatric disorders (None: no psychiatric disorders; Before: psychiatric disorders only preceding the epilepsy diagnosis; After: new psychiatric disorders diagnosed only after the epilepsy diagnosis; Mixed: different psychiatric disorders diagnosed both before and after epilepsy diagnosis) and compared the intergroup differences in epilepsy treatment outcomes and healthcare utilization. Results: Among the CWE (n = 37,678), 13,285 (35.26%) had comorbid psychiatric disorders. The After (n = 7892), Mixed (n = 3105), and Before (n = 2288) groups had significantly longer treatment periods than those in the None group (p < 0.001). Compared with the None group, the remaining groups had significantly higher frequencies of outpatient visits, emergency room visits, and admissions and higher rates of status epilepticus and drug-resistant epilepsy (p < 0.001, respectively), with higher odds ratios [95% confidence interval] for status epilepticus (2.92 [2.68–3.18]) and drug-resistant epilepsy (3.01 [2.85–3.17]) in the After group. Conclusions: Psychiatric comorbidities, diagnosed before and after epilepsy diagnosis, negatively affected the treatment outcomes. CWE without prior psychiatric disorders that were newly diagnosed during epilepsy treatment had the worst outcomes and the highest healthcare utilization rates.
Melanoma as Subsequent Primary Malignancy in Hematologic Cancer Survivors—A Literature Review
Authors: Halmágyi Salomea-Ruth , Ungureanu Loredana , Trufin Ioana-Irina , Apostu Adina Patricia , Șenilă Simona Corina
Published: August 2024

The occurrence of second primary malignancies is becoming increasingly important among cancer survivors. Melanoma, an aggressive neoplasm originating from the melanocytes, is responsible for most skin cancer-related deaths. This review aims to explore the risk of melanoma occurrence as a second primary cancer after the most common subtypes of hematologic neoplasia, a malignant disease originating from myeloid or lymphocytic cell lineages. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are among the most associated subtypes with melanoma development. We also discuss the underlying hypotheses that may explain the associations between these malignancies and the impact of melanoma on survival. The review emphasizes the importance of increasing awareness of melanoma risk in hematologic cancer survivors, as it can lead to prompt recognition, improved skin surveillance, and better survival outcomes.
Harnessing Artificial Neural Networks for Spinal Cord Injury Prognosis
Authors: Tamburella Federica , Lena Emanuela , Mascanzoni Marta , Iosa Marco , Scivoletto Giorgio
Published: August 2024

Background: Prediction of neurorehabilitation outcomes after a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is crucial for healthcare resource management and improving prognosis and rehabilitation strategies. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional statistical approaches for identifying complex prognostic factors in SCI patients. Materials: a database of 1256 SCI patients admitted for rehabilitation was analyzed. Clinical and demographic data and SCI characteristics were used to predict functional outcomes using both ANN and linear regression models. The former was structured with input, hidden, and output layers, while the linear regression identified significant variables affecting outcomes. Both approaches aimed to evaluate and compare their accuracy for rehabilitation outcomes measured by the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) score. Results: Both ANN and linear regression models identified key predictors of functional outcomes, such as age, injury level, and initial SCIM scores (correlation with actual outcome: R = 0.75 and 0.73, respectively). When also alimented with parameters recorded during hospitalization, the ANN highlighted the importance of these additional factors, like motor completeness and complications during hospitalization, showing an improvement in its accuracy (R = 0.87). Conclusions: ANN seemed to be not widely superior to classical statistics in general, but, taking into account complex and non-linear relationships among variables, emphasized the impact of complications during the hospitalization on recovery, particularly respiratory issues, deep vein thrombosis, and urological complications. These results suggested that the management of complications is crucial for improving functional recovery in SCI patients.
The Impact of Night Work on the Sleep and Health of Medical Staff—A Review of the Latest Scientific Reports
Authors: Czyż-Szypenbejl Katarzyna , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Employees working in shifts are exposed to many threats affecting their health, quality of life and safety at work. Those who perform their work only at night are particularly vulnerable. The purpose of the review is to identify risks to the health, quality of life and sleep of shift health workers. Method: A systematic review (SR) was used in the analysis. Electronic databases were searched. The search was limited to the latest studies published in the last five years: 2019–2023. Results: Finally, 36 articles were included in the review. Most authors have shown a link between sleep disturbance or its quality and shift work/night work. Moreover, a three-shift schedule was the most significant factor for poorer subjective sleep quality when compared to other work schedules. Furthermore, many authors have shown a link between shift/night work and health problems, which include cardiometabolic risk, glucose intolerance, breast cancer and immune vulnerability. Conclusions: The research results clearly show a significant impact of night work on the increased risk of sleep disorders and health disturbance. Healthcare workers should be aware of the risks associated with night work in order to take measures preventing sleep/health problems. Shift/night workers should have the opportunity to be screened for disorders linked with their work.
Intraocular Pressure Changes in Non-Surgical Eyes of Patients Admitted for Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Kubota Suguru , Shimomine Soichiro , Kadoh Yoichi , Tanito Masaki
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: In glaucoma patients, it is observed that intraocular pressure (IOP) in non-surgical eyes decreases during hospitalization, but detailed data have not been reported. This study aimed to examine changes in IOP in the non-surgical eyes of patients admitted for glaucoma surgery. (2) Methods: This retrospective study included 487 patients (254 males, 233 females). Statistical analysis was performed separately for groups that were and were not under medication treatment. (3) Results: In non-surgical eyes, the difference in IOP between admission and discharge was −1.6 ± 4.8 mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI), −2.1 to −1.2; p < 0.0001) with a significant decrease in the medication group (n = 414), while it was −0.6 ± 4.8 mmHg with no significant change observed (95% confidence interval (CI), −1.7 to 0.57; p = 0.33) in the non-medication group (n = 73). Multiple regression analysis of the medication group showed that IOP at admission (p < 0.0001) and older age (p = 0.03) were associated with the reduction or the rate of reduction in IOP. (4) Conclusions: IOP in the non-surgical eyes of patients admitted for glaucoma surgery with medication decreased during hospitalization. The reduction was more pronounced in individuals with higher IOP at admission and in older patients. It is possible that improved medication adherence contributes to the lowering of IOP.
Methodological Solutions for Predicting Energy Efficiency of Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery Systems Considering Technological Constraints
Authors: Lebedevas Sergejus , Čepaitis Tomas
Published: August 2024

Solving strategic IMO tasks for the decarbonization of maritime transport and the dynamics of its controlling indicators (EEDI, EEXI, CII) involves the comprehensive use of renewable and low-carbon fuels (LNG, biodiesel, methanol in the mid-term perspective of 2030, ammonia, and hydrogen to achieve zero emissions by 2050) and energy-saving technologies. The technology of regenerating secondary heat sources of the ship’s power plant WHR in the form of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is considered one of the most promising solutions. The attractiveness of the ORC is justified by the share of the energy potential of WHR at 45–50%, almost half of which are low-temperature WHR (80–90 °C and below). However, according to DNV GL, the widespread adoption of WHR-ORC technologies, especially on operating ships, is hindered by the statistical lack of system prototypes combined with the high cost of implementation. Developing methodological tools for justifying the energy efficiency indicators of WHR–ORC cycle implementation is relevant at all stages of design. The methodological solutions proposed in this article are focused on the initial stages of comparative evaluation of alternative structural solutions (without the need to use detailed technical data of the ship’s systems, power plant, and ORC nodes), expected indicators of energy efficiency, and cycle performance. The development is based on generalized results of variation studies of the ORC in the structure of the widely used main marine medium-speed diesel engine Wärtsilä 12V46F (14,400 kW, 500 min−1) in the operational load cycle range of 25–100% of nominal power. The algorithm of the proposed solutions is based on the established interrelationship of the components of the ORC energy balance in the P-h diagram field of thermodynamic indicators of the cycle working fluid (R134a was used). The implemented strategy does allow, in graphical form, for justifying the choice of working fluid and evaluating the energy performance and efficiency of alternative WHR sources for the main engine, taking into account the design solutions of the power turbine and the technological constraints of the ORC condensation system. The verification of the developed methodological solutions is served by the results of comprehensive variation studies of the ORC performed by the authors using the professionally oriented thermoengineering tool “Thermoflow” and the specification data of Wärtsilä 12V46F with an achieved increase in energy efficiency indicators by 21.4–7%.
Schizophrenia and Heart Health: Are Antipsychotics a Friend or Foe?
Authors: Andor Minodora , Dehelean Liana , Arnăutu Diana Aurora , Neagu Marioara Nicula , Nistor Daciana , Manea Minodora Marinela , Romosan Ana-Maria , Kundnani Nilima Rajpal
Published: August 2024

Schizophrenia is one of the most disabling of the psychiatric diseases. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Extended (BRSE) is used to evaluate the severity of psychiatric symptoms. Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are commonly used and are preferred over oral antipsychotic medications. A two-center-based cross-sectional study was performed on 130 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder based on the International Classification of Diseases 10 criteria. We studied the relation between the development of cardiovascular risk factors and the antipsychotic medication that was administered in these patients. Our study demonstrates strong links between several cardiovascular risk factors and the duration of psychosis; the duration of the LAI antipsychotic treatment; the duration between the onset of the disease and the start of LAI antipsychotic treatment; and the use of specific LAI antipsychotic medications.
A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential Use of miR-150 as a Novel Biomarker in the Detection and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Arcas Vasile Calin , Fratila Anca Maria , Moga Doru Florian Cornel , Roman-Filip Iulian , Arcas Ana-Maria Cristina , Roman-Filip Corina , Sava Mihai
Published: August 2024

Background: MicroRNA-150 (miR-150) plays a critical role in immune regulation and has been implicated in autoimmune diseases like Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This review aims to evaluate miR-150’s potential as a biomarker for MS, necessitating this review to consolidate current evidence and highlight miR-150’s utility in improving diagnostic accuracy and monitoring disease progression. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciSpace, MDPI and Web of Science, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Studies focusing on miR-150 implications in MS were included. Data extraction was conducted, while quality assessment was done using the NOS and AMSTAR 2 tools. With the extracted data a statistical analyses conducted. Results: 10 eligible articles were included in review. Findings show that miR-150 levels were consistently deregulated in MS patients compared to healthy controls, correlating with disease severity and clinical parameters such as (EDSS) scores and disease activity. Additionally, miR-150 is implicated in the inflammatory pathogenesis of MS, affecting immune cell regulation and inflammatory pathways. Conclusions: MiR-150 is a promising biomarker for MS, showing significant potential for improving diagnostic accuracy and monitoring disease progression. Its consistent deregulation in MS patients and correlation with clinical parameters underscore its clinical utility. Further research should validate miR-150’s salivary presence and its possible usage as a novel biomarker and therapeutic potential in the development of MS.
Factors Influencing Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures in European Ports: Implications for Sustainable Investing
Authors: Schodler Khilian , Saraceni Adriana
Published: August 2024

European Union cargo and container ports are under pressure to reduce GHG emissions and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, as mandated by the European Commission. The pace of progress varies among ports. This study examined the characteristics influencing GHG reduction measures in European cargo and container ports and their implications for sustainable investing. The methods used in this study, such as linear regression models to analyze predictive variables, can be applied in sustainable investing to assess which factors most strongly predict a company’s environmental, social, and governance performance. Using linear regression models to analyze data from the 33 busiest European ports, we identified five predictive variables: port size, cargo mix, surrounding population density, access to the sea, and the economic wealth of the host country. Our findings revealed that the port size significantly correlates with the adoption of measures to reduce scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions. This study underscores the importance of contextual and operational factors in evaluating sustainability efforts across sectors. The results contribute to drawing parallels with the field of sustainable investing within finance. This offers valuable insights for sustainable investing, emphasizing the importance of considering various contextual and operational factors when evaluating the sustainability efforts of entities in different sectors.
How to Use Evidence Rules Reasonably to Resolve Land Disputes: Analysis of Typical Land Dispute Cases from China
Authors: Li Lingling , Gao Haoran , Song Bingjie , Cui Caixian
Published: August 2024

Against the background of the integrated development of urban and rural areas in China, land disputes are gradually increasing and becoming a prominent focus of interest in current Chinese society. In the process of dispute settlement, it is challenging for land disputes to reconstruct the evidence chain with the help of systematic land evidence, and the information asymmetry between parties intensifies social contradictions. Currently, in the context of several research practices concerning evidence, China lacks a comprehensive and traditional system of integrated land evidence theory. Specific applicable rules for different types of land evidence can only be summarized by judicial referees. The challenge in the field of land evidence lies in establishing specific rules and addressing the issue of scattered individual rules. To overcome the challenges posed by various land evidence types and the difficulties in applying traditional evidence rules, we employ the land case analysis method to examine judicial judgment documents related to land disputes. This approach allows us to summarize the facts of land dispute cases, compare the judgments made in these cases and further highlight the similarities and differences in the land evidence considered by the referees. Through this process, this paper aims to establish a legally significant practical framework for the classification of land evidence, filling the theoretical gap in the operational mechanism of land evidence and unlocking the potential for applying evidence methods in land dispute resolution.
An Approach for Mapping Ecotourism Suitability Using Machine Learning: A Case Study of Zhangjiajie, China
Authors: Huang Qin , Zhou Chen , Li Manchun , Ma Yu , Hua Song
Published: August 2024

The assessment of ecotourism suitability is crucial for sustainable regional development and is seen as an effective strategy to achieve both environmental protection and economic growth. One of the key challenges in land research is effectively identifying potential ecotourism resources while balancing regional protection and development. This study mapped the suitability of ecotourism in Zhangjiajie, China, using a combination of various geospatial data sources and four machine-learning techniques. Additionally, an indicator system was developed, covering the ecological environment, geological geomorphology, socioeconomics, and resource availability. The prediction results for suitability classified the area into four categories: highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and unsuitable; based on the ensemble results generated by the four algorithms, these categories accounted for 19.34%, 28.78%, 23.87%, and 28.01% of the total area, respectively. This study’s findings illustrate the spatial distribution of ecotourism suitability in Zhangjiajie, providing valuable insights for identifying potential ecotourism resources as well as informing regional planning and policy-making.
Form-Based Code Revisited: Leveraging Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Optimization to Chart Commuting Efficiency Landscapes under Alternative City Planning Frameworks
Authors: Mortaheb Reza , Jankowski Piotr , Murray Alan , Bastian Marcos
Published: August 2024

The core promise of land use and zoning reforms is to metamorphose the car-dominated urban spatial structure—which is the legacy of use-based, modernist land use and transportation planning of the past century—into human-centered forms of urbanism characterized by walkable, accessible, transit-friendly, ecologically sustainable, equitable and resilient urban fabrics. This empirical study aims to measure the effectiveness of a reformed city planning framework, known as the form-based code (FBC), in terms of optimizing journey-to-work trips. To this end, the study integrates geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques with linear programming, including a variant of the transportation problem, to evaluate aggregated and disaggregated commuting efficiency metrics. Utilizing the zonal data (ZDATA) for the Orlando metropolitan region, the proposed models account for the commuting terrains associated with three major workforce cohorts, segmented along key industry sectors, within the context of three urban growth scenarios. The findings suggest that the FBC system holds the potential to enhance commuting patterns through various place-based strategies, including juxtaposing, densifying, and diversifying employment and residential activities at the local level. At the regional level, however, the resultant urban form falls short of an ideal jobs–housing arrangement across major industry sectors.