bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretações sobre o Japão mediadas pelo reality show Ainori Love Van
Authors: Araujo Mayara , Urbano Krystal
Published: February 2021

O artigo discute a instrumentalização do soft power japonês através dos discursos veiculados sobre o Japão e seu relacionamento com os países vizinhos encontrados no reality show Ainori Love Van: Asian Journey (2017-2019), disponível na Netflix. Para tanto, damos enfoque ao caso de Taiwan, um dos destinos turísticos visitados pelos participantes da primeira temporada do referido programa. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que o programa tenta desconstruir a memória negativa associada ao imperialismo japonês, iniciado no século XX, na medida em que reforça a ideia amplamente difundida de que o Japão é cool.
O álbum de fotografia em O filme da minha vida
Authors: Rosa Dafne Di Sevo
Published: February 2021

A partir das reflexões filosóficas e metafísicas sobre fotografia desenvolvidas por Susan Sontag, Roland Barthes, Philippe Dubois e André Bazin, pretende-se apresentar uma interpretação de O filme da minha vida por meio do uso da linguagem fotográfica como recurso narrativo e estético.
O feminismo de Sarita: limiar, dialética e interseccionalidade em De Cierta Manera
Authors: Mesquita Cláudia , Veiga Roberta
Published: February 2021

Retomamos o primeiro longa-metragem dirigido por uma mulher negra em Cuba, De cierta manera (1974-1977), de Sara Gómez, apostando na dialética e na potência da separação (ficção, documentário) como condições de expressão de um cinema político engajado na transformação sócio-histórica e na produção de consciência crítica. Concebemos a dialética e a figura da limiaridade a partir de três pares fundamentais que se desmembram e se atravessam: ficção-documentário, que estrutura o mecanismo do filme; revolução-marginalização, fundante do argumento e assumido como temática central; e o par machismo-feminismo, que analisamos mais detidamente a partir da narrativa, do mise-en-scène e da montagem.
Paris 1900 e Le souvenir d’un avenir: o presente e o futuro das imagens
Authors: Mamede Liciane Timoteo de
Published: February 2021

O artigo aproxima dois filmes de compilação, Paris 1900 (Nicole Vedrès, 1946) e Le souvenir d’un avenir (Chris Marker e Yannick Bellon, 2001), propondo-se a fazer uma análise comparativa a partir da forma como, a fim de tratar de uma mesma temática (tal seja, a guerra enquanto evento traumático e o dever de memória), eles acabam por adotar estratégias enunciativas parecidas, que consistem principalmente em criar um efeito de sentido de dupla temporalidade das imagens, de maneira a congregar presente e futuro diegéticos num único bloco de significação. A metodologia centra-se na análise fílmica, na análise do discurso, além dos pensamentos de Bazin, Didi-Huberman e Rancière, entre outros.
Luto e memória: a fragilidade do entrelugar em Ventos de Agosto
Authors: Dassie Vitor Cerqueira
Published: February 2021

Ventos de Agosto, de Gabriel Mascaro, retrata a luta de uma pequena comunidade de pescadores de Alagoas ao tornar-se consciente das diversas correntes que a invadem. Representadas pelo avanço do mar sobre o cemitério local, a força descomunal destas correntes vem erodindo seus espaços de memória e ameaçando sua sobrevivência como sociedade. A ideia de entrelugar, debatida no Brasil como um espaço de afirmação e resistência ao apagamento social, encontra em Mascaro um ponto de transição em que a disparidade observada entre as forças em questão aponta para uma interculturalidade precária diante de tal desproporcionalidade e para uma ansiedade por sobrevivência e memorialização.
Filmes de prédio: espaço, arquitetura e heterotopia em filmes
Authors: Costa Maria Helena Braga e Vaz da
Published: February 2021

Este artigo propõe investigar as particularidades das representações do espaço urbano e da paisagem arquitetônica da cidade do Recife nos filmes Deserto feliz (2008), de Paulo Caldas, Um lugar ao sol (2009), de Gabriel Mascaro, e Aquarius (2016), de Kleber Mendonça Filho. Discute-se aqui sobre como essas representações servem como estruturas que delineiam a imaginação geográfica sobre o espaço e a paisagem recifense, atribuindo significado à experiência de vivência do lugar e à correlação existente entre as paisagens real e fílmica da cidade, contextualizadas em uma ordem socioespacial que se institui como heterotópica.
Roles of Thromboxane Receptor Signaling in Enhancement of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Drainage Function in Diaphragm
Authors: Matsuda Hiromi , Ito Yoshiya , Hosono Kanako , Tsuru Seri , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Nakamoto Shuji , Kurashige Chie , Hirashima Masanori , Narumiya Shuh , Okamoto Hirotsugu , Majima Masataka
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Thromboxane is an arachidonic acid metabolite that exerts its actions through a G-protein–coupled receptor with 7 transmembrane domains. Although an arachidonic acid metabolite, prostaglandin E
2
was reported to enhance lymphangiogenesis, little is known on other arachidonic acid metabolites. In the present study, we investigated the roles of TP (thromboxane prostanoid) signaling in facilitating lymphangiogenesis during inflammation.

Approach and Results:

Inflammation was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide, and lymphangiogenesis essential for draining peritoneal fluids was estimated in the diaphragm. Lipopolysaccharide induced lymphangiogenesis in the diaphragm in a time-dependent manner in wild-type mice. Compared with wild-type mice, lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphangiogenesis in
Tp
-deficient (
Tp
−/−
) mouse diaphragm tissues was suppressed, and this was accompanied by reduced drainage function from the peritoneal cavity. TP-positive macrophages and T cells were accumulated in the diaphragm and produced VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-C and VEGF-D in a TP-dependent manner. Removal of macrophages and T cells resulted in reduced lymphangiogenesis and lowered expressions of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. Furthermore,
Tp
−/−
bone marrow chimeric mice exhibited reduced lymphangiogenesis.
Tp
knockout specific to macrophages and T cells also led to reduced lymphangiogenesis and drainage function in mice with lipopolysaccharide injections.

Conclusions:

The present results suggest that TP signaling exerts prolymphangiogenic activity by acting on macrophages and T cells accumulated during inflammation and that TP signaling represents a novel target for controlling lymphangiogenesis.
Platelet Dysfunction During Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Roka-Moiia Yana , Miller-Gutierrez Samuel , Palomares Daniel E. , Italiano Joseph E. , Sheriff Jawaad , Bluestein Danny , Slepian Marvin J.
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Mechanical circulatory support has emerged as lifesaving therapy for patients with advanced heart failure. However, mechanical circulatory support remains limited by a paradoxical coagulopathy accompanied by both thrombosis and bleeding. While mechanisms of mechanical circulatory support thrombosis are increasingly defined, mechanical circulatory support-related bleeding, as related to shear-mediated alteration of platelet function, remains poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that platelet exposure to elevated shear stress, while a defined prothrombotic activator of platelets, coordinately induces downregulation of key platelet adhesion receptors GPIb-IX-V, α
IIb
β
3
, and P-selectin, thus decreasing platelet functional responsiveness to physiological stimuli.

Approach and Results:

Human gel-filtered platelets were exposed to continuous or pulsatile shear stress in vitro. Surface expression of platelet receptors and platelet-derived microparticle generation were quantified by flow cytometry. Shedding of receptor soluble forms were assessed via ELISA, and platelet aggregation was measured by optical aggregometry. We demonstrate that platelet exposure to elevated shear stress led to a downregulation of GPIb and α
IIb
β
3
receptors on platelets with a progressive increase in the generation of platelet-derived microparticles expressing elevated levels of α
IIb
β
3
and GPIb on their surface. No shear-mediated shedding of GPIb and β
3
subunit soluble fragments was detected. Soluble P-selectin was extensively shed from platelets, while surface expression of P-selectin on platelets was not significantly altered by shear. Shear-mediated downregulation of GPIb and α
IIb
β
3
on platelets was associated with an evident decrease of platelet aggregatory response induced by ADP and TRAP 6 (thrombin receptor activating peptide 6).

Conclusions:

Our data clearly indicate that accumulation of shear stress, consistent with supraphysiologic conditions characterizing device-supported circulation (1) induces adequate platelet degranulation, yet (2) causes downregulation of primary platelet adhesion receptors via ejection of receptor-enriched platelet-derived microparticles, thus mechanistically limiting platelet activation and the aggregatory response.
Hepatic Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 Knockdown Reduces Atherosclerosis and Enhances the Antiatherosclerotic Effect of Brown Fat Activation in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP Mice
Authors: Zhou Enchen , Li Zhuang , Nakashima Hiroyuki , Liu Cong , Ying Zhixiong , Foks Amanda C. , Berbée Jimmy F.P. , van Dijk Ko Willems , Rensen Patrick C.N. , Wang Yanan
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Brown fat activation attenuates atherosclerosis development by accelerating triglyceride-rich lipoprotein turnover and/or stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport via the SRB1 (scavenger receptor class B type 1). The aim of this study was to investigate the specific role of hepatic SRB1 in the atheroprotective properties of brown fat activation.

Approach and Results:

APOE*3-Leiden.CETP
mice, a well-established model of human-like lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis, were treated with vehicle or adenoassociated virus serotype 8-short hairpin RNA, which decreased hepatic SRB1 protein levels by 40% to 55%. After 2 weeks, mice without or with hepatic SRB1 knockdown were treated with vehicle or the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316 243 to activate brown fat for 4 weeks to determine HDL (high-density lipoprotein) catabolism and for 9 weeks to evaluate atherosclerosis. Surprisingly, hepatic SRB1 knockdown additively improved the beneficial effects of β3-adrenergic receptor agonism on atherosclerosis development. In fact, hepatic SRB1 knockdown per se not only increased HDL-cholesterol levels but also reduced plasma triglyceride and non-HDL-cholesterol levels, thus explaining the reduction in atherosclerosis development. Mechanistic studies indicated that this is due to increased lipolytic processing and hepatic uptake of VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) by facilitating VLDL-surface transfer to HDL.

Conclusions:

Hepatic SRB1 knockdown in a mouse model with an intact ApoE (apolipoprotein E)-LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor) clearance pathway, relevant to human lipoprotein metabolism, reduced atherosclerosis and improved the beneficial effect of brown fat activation on atherosclerosis development, explained by pleiotropic effects of hepatic SRB1 knockdown on lipolytic processing and hepatic uptake of VLDL. Brown fat activation could thus be an effective strategy to treat cardiovascular disease also in subjects with impaired SRB1 function.
Indirect reference intervals for haematological parameters in capillary blood of pre-school children
Authors: Zeljkovic Aleksandra , Csuzdi Balog Zsófia , Dukai Eva , Vekic Jelena , Jelic-Ivanovic Zorana , Spasojevic-Kalimanovska Vesna
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Indirect estimation of reference intervals (RIs) is straightforward and inexpensive procedure for determination of intra-laboratory
RIs. We applied the indirect approach to assess RIs for haematological parameters in capillary blood of pre-school children, using results stored in
our laboratory database.
Materials and methods: We extracted data from laboratory information system, for the results obtained by automatic haematology analyser in
capillary blood of 154 boys and 146 girls during pre-school medical examination. Data distribution was tested, and logarithmic transformation was
applied if needed. Reference intervals were calculated by the nonparametric percentile method.
Results: Reference intervals were calculated for: RBC count (4.2-5.4 x1012/L), haemoglobin (114-146 g/L), MCH (25.0-29.4 pg), MCHC (321-368 g/L),
RDW-SD (36.1-43.5 fL), WBC count (4.5-12.3 x109/L), neutrophils count (1.7-6.9 x109/L) and percentage (29.0-69.0%), lymphocytes count (1.6-4.4
x109/L) and percentage (21.9-60.7%), PLT (165-459 x109/L), MPV (8.1-11.4 fL) and PDW (9.2-14.4%). Gender specific RIs were calculated for monocytes
count (male (M): 0.2-1.6 x109/L; female (F): 0.1-1.4 x109/L) and percentage (M: 2.5-18.3%; F: 1.8-16.7%), haematocrit (M: 0.34-0.42 L/L; F:
0.34-0.43 L/L), MCV (M: 73.4-84.6 fL; F: 75.5-84.2 fL) and RDW (M: 12.1-14.3%; F: 11.7-13.9%), due to observed gender differences in these parameters
(P = 0.031, 0.028, 0.020, 0.012 and 0.001; respectively). Estimated RIs markedly varied from the literature based RIs that are used in the laboratory.
Conclusions: Indirect method employed in this study enables straightforward assessment of RIs in pre-school children. Herein derived RIs differed
from the literature-based ones, indicating the need for intra-laboratory determination of RIs for specific populations and sample types.
Observed Extreme Air–Sea Heat Flux Variations during Three Tropical Cyclones in the Tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Song Xiangzhou , Ning Chunlin , Duan Yongliang , Wang Huiwu , Li Chao , Yang Yang , Liu Jianjun , Yu Weidong
Published: February 2021

Six-month buoy-based heat flux observations from the poorly sampled tropical southeastern Indian Ocean are examined to document the extremes during three tropical cyclones (TCs) from December 2018 to May 2019. The most striking feature at the mooring site (16.9°S, 115.2°E) during the TCs is the extensively suppressed diurnal cycle of the net surface flux (Qnet), with a mean daytime (nighttime) reduction of 470 (131) W m−2, a peak decrease at approximately noon of 695 W m−2 and an extreme drop during TC Riley of 800 W m−2. The mean surface cooling in the daytime is primarily contributed by the 370 W m−2 decrease in shortwave radiation associated with the increased cloudiness. The air–sea turbulent heat fluxes increase by approximately 151 W m−2 in response to the enhanced wind speed under near-neutral boundary conditions. The daily mean rainfall-induced cooling is 8 W m−2, with a maximum magnitude of 90 W m−2. The mean values, seasonal variation, and synoptic variability of the characteristic heat fluxes are used to assess the new reanalysis data from ERA5 and MERRA2 and the analyzed OAFlux. The overall performance of the high-frequency net heat flux estimates at the synoptic scale is satisfactory, but the four flux components exhibit different quality levels. A serious error is that ERA5 and MERRA2 poorly represent TCs, and they show significant daily mean Qnet biases with opposite directions, −59 W m−2 (largely due to the overestimated latent heat with a bias of −76 W m−2) and 50 W m−2 (largely due to the overestimated shortwave radiation with a bias of 41 W m−2), respectively.
An Idealized Model Study of Eddy Energetics in the Western Boundary “Graveyard”
Authors: Yang Zhibin , Zhai Xiaoming , Marshall David P. , Wang Guihua
Published: February 2021

Recent studies show that the western boundary acts as a “graveyard” for westward-propagating ocean eddies. However, how the eddy energy incident on the western boundary is dissipated remains unclear. Here we investigate the energetics of eddy–western boundary interaction using an idealized MIT ocean circulation model with a spatially variable grid resolution. Four types of model experiments are conducted: 1) single eddy cases, 2) a sea of random eddies, 3) with a smooth topography, and 4) with a rough topography. We find significant dissipation of incident eddy energy at the western boundary, regardless of whether the model topography at the western boundary is smooth or rough. However, in the presence of rough topography, not only the eddy energy dissipation rate is enhanced, but more importantly, the leading process for removing eddy energy in the model switches from bottom frictional drag as in the case of smooth topography to viscous dissipation in the ocean interior above the rough topography. Further analysis shows that the enhanced eddy energy dissipation in the experiment with rough topography is associated with greater anticyclonic, ageostrophic instability (AAI), possibly as a result of lee wave generation and nonpropagating form drag effect.
Italian Physicists and the Bomb: Edoardo Amaldi’s Network for Arms Control and Peace during the Cold War
Authors: Clavarino Lodovica
Published: February 2021

This article investigates the contribution of the Italian physicist Edoardo Amaldi to the anti-nuclear peace movement at national and international level. Amaldi (1908–89) was one of the leading nuclear physicists of the twentieth century. He grew up in the extraordinary environment of the ‘Via Panisperna Boys’, a group of young physicists active in Rome during the late 1920s and 1930s, under Enrico Fermi’s leadership. Yet Amaldi was not only a renowned academic but also an avid supporter of the movement against the nuclear arms race. He advocated the peaceful and industrial use of nuclear energy and tenaciously opposed its military exploitation. The only Italian invited to the first Pugwash meeting in 1957, he soon played a leading role in the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs and other similar events throughout his life. During the 1970s and 1980s, Amaldi – and many others among his colleagues – campaigned for a different security policy based on détente and broad transnational dialogue across the Cold War blocs. This essay focuses on some practical initiatives of the Italian community of physicists, underlying the political and civil use of their scientific expertise.
Leading with heart: academic leadership during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Lawton-Misra Nita , Pretorius Tyrone
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every sphere of life. It has brought into sharp focus not only the critical role that leaders have to play in taking charge of their organisations and employees, but the complexity of that leadership role, too. The authors of this paper are both psychologists who occupy leadership positions in a university. The paper briefly explores the evolution of leadership theory, leadership in times of crises, generally, and leadership during the time of COVID-19. In addition, one of the authors offers a personal note on the leadership experience during COVID-19. What became clear during the reflections was that empathy, vulnerability, self-awareness and agility were some of the qualities needed during this crisis. In addition, the psychodynamic concept of containment appears very relevant in managing the affective intensity experienced by staff and students. Leaders were expected to not only fully understand the meaning of empathy and compassion, but to know how to sincerely demonstrate these qualities to staff and students alike. While these qualities should be expected of all leaders at all times, the pandemic brought them into sharper focus. We believe that we have benefitted from our training in psychology as these qualities of caring, empathy and self-awareness are embedded and sharpened in our training programmes.
A Gifted High School Student’s Generalization Strategies of Linear and Nonlinear Patterns via Gauss’s Approach
Authors: Girit Yildiz Dilek , Durmaz Burcu
Published: February 2021

Mathematically gifted students have a high potential for understanding and thinking through mathematical relations and connections between mathematical concepts. Currently, it is thought that generalizing patterns algebraically can serve to provide challenges and opportunities that match their potential. This article focuses on a mathematically gifted student’s use of generalization strategies to identify linear and nonlinear patterns in the context of a matchstick problem. Data were collected from a 10th-grade gifted student’s problem-solving process in a qualitative research design. It was observed that the gifted student’s ways of generalizing the linear and nonlinear patterns were different. In a generalization process, the student used figural reasoning in the linear pattern and numerical reasoning in the nonlinear patterns. It was noted that the student explored using Gauss’s approach in structuring the general rules of nonlinear patterns. Accordingly, aside from assisting their more gifted students, mathematics teachers may want to consider ways to introduce Gaussian thinking to the benefit of all their students.
The Desire to Rethink Power AND Performativity AND Process
Authors: Fouweather Ian , Bosma Bas
Published: February 2021

Power AND performativity AND process. Three concepts. Three theoretical perspectives that shape current studies of organizing, of organizations, how they come into existence and how they are maintained. Three distinct trajectories that have already been traced; their separate articulations creating tension, paradox and contradiction. Can we resist existing conceptualizations to create new immanent relations? Can we dissolve the necessity of binary logics, of order, of finality, and embrace simultaneity and multiplicity? In this paper we reimagine the interplay between power and performativity, embracing the role of resistance within the emergent micro-processes of organizational becoming. To do this we take inspiration from the work of Gilles Deleuze.
Secrecy in Practice: How Middle Managers Promote Strategic Initiatives behind the Scenes
Authors: Toegel Ina , Levy Orly , Jonsen Karsten
Published: February 2021

In this study, we focus on secrecy within organizations and examine why and how middle managers use secrecy to explore and promote strategic initiatives. We conceptualize secrecy as a dynamic social process that unfolds in the political arena and is oriented toward gaining influence and power. It is enacted through a distinct set of practices intentionally designed to conceal and control identities, activities and information. Drawing on 35 in-depth interviews with executives who recount their experiences as middle managers, our findings indicate that middle managers tend to use secrecy under unfavourable contextual and personal conditions. Further, we find that middle managers use three key practices – selecting for enrolment, sequencing involvement and controlling information – to explore and promote strategic initiatives in secrecy. These secrecy practices enable them to influence cognition, emotions and exchange relations as they compete for attention and support. Finally, our findings suggest that secrecy can lead to two opposite outcomes. Managed carefully, secrecy enhances receptivity to strategic initiatives, but if it is mismanaged, secrecy leads to resistance and distrust.
How art becomes organization: Reimagining aesthetics, sites and politics of entrepreneurship
Authors: Holm Ditte Vilstrup , Beyes Timon
Published: February 2021

Art and entrepreneurship both demonstrate a particular power to experiment with how the social is apprehended, organized and inhabited. How can we then understand and theorize the particular power of art understood as entrepreneurial organizing? In this paper, we develop the concept of artistic entrepreneuring. It is based on contemporary art’s wide-ranging ‘organizational turn’, where art becomes organization by experimenting with forms and processes of emancipatory organizing. Interweaving art theory, examples of art’s organizational turn and a processual understanding of public entrepreneurship, we conceptualize artistic entrepreneuring as fundamentally aesthetic, necessarily sited and invariably political, and we discuss the implications for entrepreneurship studies and research on the aesthetics and politics of organizing.
Explaining Ignoring: Working with Information that Nobody Uses
Authors: Essén Anna , Knudsen Morten , Alvesson Mats
Published: February 2021

Research has demonstrated how ignorance is made, manipulated and called upon; how it is the result of strategies, activities and structures. This article extends the literature on ignorance by exploring actors’ own explanations of their self-inflicted ignorance following acts of ignoring. By means of a case analysis, we explore how actors explain and justify ignoring data they themselves produced. We provide a multifaceted model of how ignoring actors’ own rationales, facilitated by contextual conditions, enables persistent acts of ignoring the content and dysfunction of collectively upheld systems. We contribute to the understanding of ignorance by demonstrating how self-inflicted ignorance is made possible by the combination of ignoring rationales and their facilitators, which configures buffers against knowledge-seeking efforts.
IMI—Bigpicture: A Central Repository for Digital Pathology
Authors: Moulin Pierre , Grünberg Katrien , Barale-Thomas Erio , der Laak Jeroen van
Published: February 2021

To address the challenges posed by large-scale development, validation, and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in pathology, we have constituted a consortium of academics, small enterprises, and pharmaceutical companies and proposed the BIGPICTURE project to the Innovative Medicines Initiative. Our vision is to become the catalyst in the digital transformation of pathology by creating the first European, ethically compliant, and quality-controlled whole slide imaging platform, in which both large-scale data and AI algorithms will exist. Our mission is to develop this platform in a sustainable and inclusive way, by connecting the community of pathologists, researchers, AI developers, patients, and industry parties based on creating value and reciprocity in use based on a community model as the mechanism for ensuring sustainability of the platform.
Correlations Between Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography and Histopathology in Preclinical Safety Assessment of Ocular Therapies
Authors: Zimmerman Annie , Boyd Ryan F. , Yekkala Krishna
Published: February 2021

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a valuable noninvasive imaging tool that may be used to help evaluate the structural integrity of the retina and pharmacological or toxicological drug effects at multiple time points in preclinical toxicological studies. Although ocular histopathology is still considered the gold standard for assessment of retinal morphology, OCT provides enhanced in vivo monitoring of ocular structures and may be used to guide tissue trimming and the interpretation of histopathological changes.

Methods:

Twelve studies that involved intravitreal or subretinal test article administration in multiple laboratory animal species and employed both OCT and histopathologic assessment were identified. These data were compared to determine the degree of correlation for each identified abnormality.

Results:

Severity of observed OCT and histopathological changes ranged from minimal to severe, with moderate and severe changes having a higher rate of agreement between the 2 techniques. Changes to well-defined structures, including the retinal blood vessels, optic nerve, and retinal pigment epithelium, also showed a strong correlation.

Conclusions:

There was a strong correlation between OCT and histopathology in both intravitreal and subretinal injection studies, demonstrating the value of collaboration between the study ophthalmologist and pathologist and offering translatable means to monitor pharmacological or toxicological effects in preclinical toxicological studies.
Unpacking young adults’ experiences of race- and gender-based microaggressions
Authors: Midgette Allegra J. , Mulvey Kelly Lynn
Published: February 2021

To date the majority of the research on microaggressions has focused on the experiences of targets, rather than the perpetrators, of microaggresive behaviors. The present study set out to investigate 278 college students’ ( Mage = 19.12, SD = 1.34, 52.52% cisgender women, 74.82% European American) reported types of experience (a) unaware, b) aware, c) observer, d) perpetrator, and e) target) with race- and gender-based microaggressive behaviors and the association between their experiences and ambivalent sexist and color-blind racial attitudes. Participants completed an online survey composed of a modified Racial and Ethnic Microaggression Scale (REMS), a modified Female Microaggression Scale (FMS), an Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, and a Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale. As hypothesized, participants were more likely to have heard of or seen than to report having been the target or perpetrator of microaggressions. In support of our second hypothesis, significant gender and race differences were found in the frequencies of type of exposure to microaggressions. Finally, as expected, exposure to microaggressions was associated with color-blind and ambivalent sexist attitudes. Unexpectedly, however, complete unawareness of the existence of microaggressions was not associated with social attitudes. This study’s findings highlight the importance of unpacking social experiences of discrimination to better understand what types of experiences contribute to being critical of and reducing the commission of microaggressions.
‘Never let a good crisis go to waste’ – The 2020 Business Information Review Survey: Part I
Authors: Phillips Stephen
Published: February 2021

In its 30th year, the Business Information Review Survey captures insights from conversations with leading information managers in the UK and US. The participants include class leading information services leaders from a range of sectors, including financial services, law, professional services, manufacturing, mining and technology. The conversations took place in Q4 2020, covering corporate structure, staffing trends, the operating environment, the impact of technology, content delivery, vendor and client engagement. Respondents were also invited to share their strategic priorities for 2021, teeing up the 2021 survey which will invite the contributors to reflect on their achievements and the evolution of their services. Due to the quality and volume of information gathered, the survey is broken down into two parts. Part I introduces the survey, provides a detailed insight into the methodology, a high level summary of the participants, and detailed insights into the organisational structure and current staffing trends.
The prognostic importance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in testicular cancer
Authors: Arıman Ahmet , Merder Erkan
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

Testicular cancer is mostly seen in young men. We planned this study that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) would help us predict the prognosis of the patients, except known markers such as AFP, hCG, and LDH.

Patients and Method:

Between 2015 and 2020, we conducted our study on 152 patients undergoing radical orchiectomy in our clinic. We divided our patients into good, moderate, and poor prognostic groups. We also created a control group of healthy patients of similar ages. We evaluated the NLR results in preoperative peripheral blood statistically among these groups.

Results:

We found a significant difference between the control group and the patient group, and between the good and moderate/poor prognostic groups for preoperative NLR.

Conclusion:

This study created the opinion that preoperative NLR will help us predict the prognosis of patients.
The Activist Craft: Learning Processes and Outcomes of Professional Activism
Authors: Costa Ana L. , Vaz Henrique , Menezes Isabel
Published: February 2021

Work as a place of activism is a vast field to be explored in adult education research, particularly within educational, social, and community intervention with people in situations of vulnerability. This qualitative study aims to unveil the richness of activists’ learning processes and outcomes by reflecting on the pedagogy of professional activism, with professionals working in Portugal. Their sharing reveals a thematic influence and interdependence between the dimensions “How?” and “What?” of professional activism learning and the themes composing them—respectively, “political socialization” and “work experience”; and “critical, social and political consciousness,” “sense of (in)justice and empathy,” and “know-how to speak out.” As professionals learn how to become activists, they also construct this praxis, and themselves as professionals, giving meaning and (re)defining their activist craft, through a learning-creative process.
Moving Toward Decent Work: Application of the Psychology of Working Theory to the School-to-Work Transition
Authors: Masdonati Jonas , Massoudi Koorosh , Blustein David L. , Duffy Ryan D.
Published: February 2021

This conceptual contribution aims to adapt and apply Psychology of Working Theory to the specificities of the school-to-work transition (STWT) process. The STWT is thus conceptualized as a first attempt to access decent work under the influence of specific predictors, mediators, and moderators and leading to particular outcomes. Based on recent literature, we consider that (1) socioeconomic constraints and belonging to marginalized groups are contextual predictors of a successful transition; (2) psychosocial resources, including self-efficacy and adaptability, and vocational and work role identity, are mediators of the relation between contextual factors and a successful transition; (3) moderator factors include the education system, labor market conditions, social support, and critical consciousness; and (4) decent and meaningful work are the optimal outcomes of the STWT process.
Squamous cell carcinoma superimposed on mucosal leishmaniasis in an HIV-positive patient
Authors: Di Altobrando Ambra , Misciali Cosimo , Attard Luciano , Gaspari Valeria
Published: February 2021

Leishmaniasis is emerging as an important problem in immunosuppressed individuals, leading to overt clinical disease, atypical presentation, chronic course, and impaired treatment response. Moreover, it can affect unexposed regions and strikingly mimic other infectious disorders and a variety of neoplastic diseases, thus being easily misdiagnosed. Here, we report the case of an HIV-patient where both clinical picture and histopathological findings were consistent with mucosal leishmaniasis (ML). However, the worsening of the clinical picture after anti-leishmania treatment led to suspect a different diagnosis, and squamous cell carcinoma superimposed on ML and Human Papilloma Virus infection was ultimately diagnosed.
Facilitators and Barriers to Accepting Long Term Care at Home: An Analysis of Licensed Home Care Service Agency Websites
Authors: Chippendale Tracy , Gentile Patricia
Published: February 2021

Most people prefer to age in place. However, there is a growing body of literature to suggest a reluctance to accept supportive services in the home due to concerns about trust, privacy, cost, and fear of being a burden. The purpose of this study was to examine potential facilitators and barriers to accepting home care services in the website content of Licensed Home Care Service Agencies (LHSCA). In this linguistic analysis study, the written content from 88 randomly selected LHCSA websites was examined. We used LIWC2015 and Microsoft® Word software to analyze websites for relevant word categories that reflect older adult identified facilitators and barriers to the acceptance of home care services. Results revealed that the summary score for clout (i.e., confidence and leadership reflected in the writing) was high. Some of the most commonly used word categories were positive emotions, present focused, and affiliation. The word category money was included, but to a lesser degree. However, Burden and related words were highly prevalent in the writing sample. In summary, LHCSA website content contains both facilitators and barriers to the acceptance of home care services. Given the importance of home care services in promoting the ability of older adults to age in place, greater attention may be needed regarding the way services are presented and advertised to consumers.
Retinoblastoma in an older Hispanic child masquerading as pars planitis: A case report
Authors: Domínguez-Varela Irving Armando , Aguilera-Partida Jorge A , Dalvin Lauren A , Garza-Garza Lucas A , Thompson-García Leslie M , Barbosa-Quintana Álvaro , Ancona-Lezama David
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

To report a case of a Hispanic girl with late-onset Retinoblastoma (Rb) who was misdiagnosed as a pars planitis prior to referral. Nearly 95% of all Rb cases are detected before age 5, and this patient was 8 years-old.

Methods:

Case report of a late-onset Retinoblastoma with anterior chamber (AC) involvement plus the presence of an Ahmed valve. The patient had a history of a couple of months of topical therapy comprising medication for glaucoma, systemic steroids, and a filtration surgery (Ahmed valve), after that a biopsy was performed prior to referral. Upon arrival at our clinic, we performed an examination under anesthesia (EUA) and a B-scan ultrasound (US).

Results:

Unilateral Retinoblastoma with an Ahmed valve in an AC filled with Rb seeds was diagnosed with the EUA and US in the left eye. An orbital exenteration with map biopsies of the left orbital cavity was performed with confirmation by histopathology of a poorly differentiated endophytic retinoblastoma with Bruch’s membrane invasion. Follow-up sessions were then arranged as well as subsequent systemic chemotherapy cycles.

Conclusion:

Given the rare incidence of retinoblastoma in children older than 5 years old, it can be easily mistaken for other differential diagnoses and treated with filtration surgeries that could put the patient’s life at risk. In this report, late-onset Rb diagnosis is highlighted as a differential diagnosis in children and adults with atypical uveitis, which required a multidisciplinary approach.
Developing a Framework for the Examination of Anchoring Vignette Assumptions Using Cognitive Interviews: A Demonstration in the ICT Skills Domain
Authors: Vonkova Hana , Hrabak Jan , Kralova Katerina , Papajoanu Ondrej
Published: February 2021

Self-assessment measures are commonly used in questionnaire surveys. However, one of the problems with self-reports is that they may be prone to differences in scale usage among respondents. The anchoring vignette method addresses this issue. It relies on two assumptions: response consistency and vignette equivalence. Here we aim to develop a framework for the examination of these assumptions using cognitive interviews and demonstrate it in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) skills domain. First, we develop new anchoring vignettes describing various ICT skill domains. Second, we examine both assumptions using cognitive interviews with students who are studying different fields. Our analysis shows that the assumptions are indeed not adhered to, especially the assumption of vignette equivalence. Third, we develop a general framework for the examination of the method’s assumptions.
The notion of ‘employer’: Towards a uniform European concept?
Authors: van Schadewijk Matthijs
Published: February 2021

The growth in multilateral working relationships (e.g. agency work, chains of sub-contracting and corporate groups) is causing Member States to increasingly scrutinise their traditional, contractual approach to the notion of ‘employer’. So far, little attention has been paid to the boundaries and limits that EU law sets when defining the employer. The lack of attention may have come to an end with the recent AFMB judgment, in which the Court ruled, for the first time, that the concept of employer in a provision of EU law had to be given an autonomous and uniform interpretation throughout the EU. Starting from the AFMB judgment, the author analyses the concept of employer in EU law. The author finds that the concept of employer in EU law can be described as ‘uniform in its functionality’: in EU law, the national concept of the employer is never absolute, but the circumstances and the way in which the national concept must be set aside depend on the context and the objective of the European legislation in question. Through this functional approach, EU law partly harmonises the various national approaches to the concept of the employer. Nevertheless, a lack of specific reasoning on the part of the Court may grant the Member States considerable leeway to uphold their own views on the concept.
Sagittal Deformity Correction in a Patient Suffering From Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis Who Previously Underwent a Total Hip and Bilateral Knee Replacement
Authors: Garcia-Martin Victor , Verdejo-González Ana , Ruiz-Picazo David , Ramírez-Villaescusa José
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Physiological aging frequently leads to degenerative changes and spinal deformity. In patients with hypolordotic fusions or ankylosing illnesses such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis or ankylosing spondylitis, compensation mechanisms can be altered causing severe pain and disability. In addition, if a total hip replacement and/or knee replacement is performed, both pelvic and lower limbs compensation mechanisms could be damaged and prosthetic dislocation or impingement syndrome could be present. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy has proven to be the optimal correction technique for spinal deformation in patients suffering from a rigid spine.

Case Presentation:

A 70-year-old male patient with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis criteria and a rigid lumbar kyphosis, who previously underwent a total hip and knee replacement, had severe disability. We then performed corrective surgery by doing a pedicle subtraction osteotomy. The procedure and outcomes are presented here.

Conclusion:

In symptomatic patients with sagittal imbalance and a rigid spine, pedicle subtraction osteotomy can indeed correct spinal deformity and re-establish sagittal balance.
Hyperviscosity Retinopathy Due to Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Watson Julia A. , Olson Daniel J. , Zhang Alice Yang
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

This case report describes a case of hyperviscosity retinopathy secondary to the rare systemic hematologic malignant neoplasm Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Methods:

Fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography were used as imaging modalities to characterize this pathology.

Results:

A 51-year-old man presented with hyperviscosity retinopathy and uniquely angiographically silent serous macular detachment. Over a 6-month period, he was treated with systemic and local therapies with little improvement in the hyperviscosity retinopathy, serous macular detachments, or visual acuity.

Conclusions:

Hyperviscosity retinopathy secondary to Waldenström macroglobulinemia presents a challenge to treating ophthalmologists given its rarity and the range of treatment responses described in the literature. Our patient’s lack of response to antivascular endothelial growth factor and normal findings in OCT angiography and fluorescein angiography suggested the mechanism of subretinal fluid accumulation was not vascular endothelial growth factor mediated. Visual prognosis was guarded.
Multilevel communication to improve well-being during a pandemic
Authors: Lewis Megan A , Uhrig Jennifer D , Poehlman Jon A , Southwell Brian G
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted existing crises and introduced new stressors for various populations. We suggest that a multilevel ecological perspective, one that researchers and practitioners have used to address some of public health’s most intransigent challenges, will be necessary to address emotional distress and mental health problems resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple levels of influence (individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy) each contribute (individually and in combination) to population health and individual well-being. We use the convergence strategy to illustrate how multilevel communication strategies designed to raise awareness, educate, or motivate informed decision-making or behavior change can address various sources of information surrounding a person to synergistically affect mental health outcomes. Looking ahead, dissemination and implementation researchers and practitioners will likely need to coordinate organizations and networks to speak in complementary and resonant ways to enhance understanding of complex information related to the pandemic, mitigate unnecessary anxiety, and motivate healthy behavior to support population mental health.

Plain language abstract:

The current COVID-19 pandemic has threatened the mental health and well-being of various populations. The pandemic also has compounded health disparities experienced by communities of color and magnified the vast treatment gaps they experience related to behavioral health and substance use treatment access. A multilevel approach to future communication interventions focused on mental health likely will be useful, as we need to know about and address interactions with health care professionals, mass media information sources, social networks, and community influences rather than solely trying to reach people with carefully crafted videos or advertisements. Implementation researchers and practitioners likely will need to coordinate organizations and networks to speak in complementary and resonant ways to support population mental health.
Expectation and dyspnoea: the neurobiological basis of respiratory nocebo effects
Authors: Vlemincx Elke , Sprenger Christian , Büchel Christian
Published: February 2021

Cues such as odours that do notper seevoke bronchoconstriction can become triggers of asthma exacerbations. Despite its clinical significance, the neural basis of this respiratory nocebo effect is unknown.

We investigated this effect in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study involving 36 healthy volunteers. The experiment consisted of an experience phase in which volunteers experienced dyspnoea while being exposed to an odorous gas (“Histarinol”). Volunteers were told that Histarinol induces dyspnoea by bronchoconstriction. This was compared with another odorous gas which did not evoke dyspnoea. Dyspnoea was actually induced by a concealed, resistive load inserted into the breathing system. In a second, expectation phase, Histarinol and the control gas were both followed by an identical, very mild load. Respiration parameters were continuously recorded and participants rated dyspnoea intensity after each trial.

Dyspnoea ratings were significantly higher in Histarinol compared with control conditions, both in the experience and in the expectation phase, despite identical physical resistance in the expectation phase. Insula fMRI signal matched the actual load,i.e.a significant difference between Histarinol and control in the experience phase, but no difference in the expectation phase. The periaqueductal gray showed a significantly higher fMRI signal during the expectation of dyspnoea. Finally, Histarinol-related deactivations during the expectation phase in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex mirrored similar responses for nocebo effects in pain.

These findings highlight the neural basis of expectation effects associated with dyspnoea, which has important consequences for our understanding of the perception of respiratory symptoms.