bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sounds of a New Generation
Authors: Wallrabenstein Deborah
Published: October 2017

This book offers insight into the approaches of a new generation of Jewish-American writers. Whether they reimagine their ancestors' "shtetl life" or invent their own kind of Jewishness, they have a common curiosity in what makes them Jewish. Is it because most of them are third-generation Americans who don't worry about assimilation as their parents' generation did? If so, how does the writing of recent Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union fit into the picture? Unlike Irving Howe predicted in 1977, Jewish-American literature did not fade after immigration. It always finds new paths, drawing from the vast scope of Jewish life in America.
Interkulturelle Literaturwissenschaft und Wissenssoziologie
Authors: Schickhaus Tobias Akira
Published: October 2017

Die wissenssoziologische Perspektive sieht erkennende Menschen als Teil eines sozialen Zusammenhanges. Wissen bildet hier eine Funktion des Sozialen und kulturelle Denkstile wirken konstitutiv in dieses Wissen mit ein. Ausgehend von Karl Mannheims Lehre der »Weltanschauungs-Interpretation« praktiziert Tobias Akira Schickhaus die interdisziplinäre Anbindung der interkulturellen Literaturwissenschaft an die Wissenssoziologie: Wie wird historisch repräsentatives Wissen über Interkulturalität in Literatur organisiert, vermittelt und kommentiert? Über wissenssoziologische Ansätze untersucht Tobias Akira Schickhaus deutsch- und japanischsprachige Texte der Schriftstellerin Yoko Tawada.
Mittelosteuropäische Migrantinnen in Berlin
Authors: Jockenhövel-Schiecke Helga
Published: October 2017

Wie verlaufen die Migrationsprozesse von Frauen, die seit 1989 aus 13 EU- und Nicht-EU-Ländern Mittelosteuropas in Berlin als Arbeits-, Bildungs- und Heiratsmigrantinnen zuwanderten? Die Studie von Helga Jockenhövel-Schiecke zeigt die hohe Bereitschaft der Migrantinnen, das mitgebrachte kulturelle Bildungskapital sowie ihre Erwerbsorientierung zu erweitern. Beide sind charakteristisch für die Mittelschicht und prägen auch die mütterlichen Erziehungsstrategien. Der Untersuchung liegen biographische Interviews zugrunde, in denen die Frauen ihre Migrationsmotive, gendertypische Bildungs- und Erwerbsprozesse, transnationale Lebensformen und Gefühle ihrer multiplen Zugehörigkeiten beschreiben. Sie spiegeln so die Feminisierung der Zuwanderung aus Mittelosteuropa - auch bei Bildungsmigrantinnen.
Rádio Nacional, memória e modernidade
Authors: Vargas Herom
Published: October 2017

No livro Chega de saudade: a história e a histórias da Bossa Nova, de 1990, o jornalista Ruy Castro dá pistas sobre uma interpretação comum a respeito da música popular brasileira da metade do século XX: a de que a bossa nova representa a novidade que inaugura a modernidade, contra estilos musicais e culturais anteriores, tratados como retrógrados e antigos. O autor elenca dezenas de histórias e depoimentos para reforçar esse argumento. Em um trecho, diz: “Mesmo os que achavam Jobim moderno por ‘Foi a noite’ e ‘Se todos fossem iguais a você’ tiveram um choque. Em menos de dois minutos, estas canções ficaram tão antigas quanto ‘Ninguém me ama’ – relíquias do romantismo noir dos homens mais velhos”.
Построение аналога теоремы Фредгольма для одного класса модельных интегро-дифференциальных уравнений
первого порядка с логарифмической особенностью в ядре
Authors: Зарипов Сарвар Кахрамонович , Zaripov Sarvar Kakhramonovich
Published: October 2017

Для одного модельного интегро-дифференциального уравнения первого порядка с логарифмической особенностью в ядре в зависимости от корней характеристического уравнения найдены интегральные представления многообразия решений через произвольные постоянные. Найдены случаи, когда данное интегро-дифференциальное уравнение имеет единственное решение. Построены аналоги теоремы Фредгольма для этого интегро-дифференциального уравнения. Использованный метод можно применять для изучения модельных и немодельных интегро-дифференциальных уравнений высших порядков.
The evolution of complete non-compact graphs by powers of Gauss curvature
Authors: Choi Kyeongsu , Daskalopoulos Panagiota , Kim Lami , Lee Ki-Ahm
Published: October 2017

We prove the all-time existence of non-compact, complete, strictly convex solutions to the α-Gauss curvature flow for any positive power α.
The key role of differential diagnosis in diagnosis
Authors: Jain Bimal
Published: October 2017

Differential diagnosis, that is, the creation of a list of suspected diseases, is important as it guides us in looking for these diseases in a patient during diagnosis. If a disease is not included in differential diagnosis, it is not likely to be diagnosed. It is important to include uncommon as well as common diseases in differential diagnosis.
The crystal structure of carbonyl-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenylamino)pent-3-en-2-onato-κ2
N,O]-(triphenylphosphine-κP)rhodium(I), RhC30H25Cl2NO2P
Authors: Venter Gertruida J.S.
Published: October 2017

RhC30H25Cl2NO2P, orthorhombic P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.6656(5) Å, b = 16.6097(11) Å, c = 20.9423(14) Å, V = 2666.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0649, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1632, T = 100 K.
Stochastic variational inequality and reflected BSDEs with jumps and RCLL obstacle
Authors: Sene Abou , Diakhaby Aboubakary
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we consider a class of one-dimensional reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equation (BSDE for short) when the noise is driven by a Brownian motion and an independent Poisson point process.
Using a stochastic variational inequality, we characterize its solution.
Spectroscopic Investigations on New Organic NLO crystal – 2-amino-5-chloropyridinium-2,4-dinitrophenolate
Authors: Kutty Pullithodi Mohamed , Chandrasekaran Joseph , Babu Balraj , Matsushita Yoshitaka
Published: October 2017

New organic single crystals of 2-amino-5-chloropyridinium-2,4-dinitrophenolate were successfully grown by the slow evaporation method at room temperature from methanol solution. Crystal structure and crystalline phases were confirmed from the single crystal XRD and powder XRD, respectively. 1H NMR and 13C NMR studies were conducted for the crystal. The functional groups have been confirmed using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. UV-visible studies show the absence of absorption in the visible region. To determine the thermal stability of the grown crystals it was subjected to thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Dielectric studies were taken in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz for various temperatures. Photo conductivity and photoluminescence studies were also carried out for the title crystal. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the grown crystals was 11.37 times greater than that of the reference KDP. Particle size dependent phase matching studies were also investigated. The nonlinear refractive index (n
2) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) were also measured by Z-Scan studies.
Mn(II) Catalyzed Oxidation of Atenolol by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Medium: A Spectrophotometer Aided Kinetic, Mechanistic and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Amballa Ram Gopal , Veeravalli Chandra Sekhar , Ganta Ravi Kumar , Korupolu Raghu Babu , Nowduri Annapurna
Published: October 2017

The kinetics and mechanism of manganese(II) catalyzed oxidation of atenolol by cerium(IV) sulfate in aqueous H2SO4 at a constant ionic strength of 0.50 mol dm-3 was studied spectrophotometrically. The reaction showed first order kinetics in cerium(IV) whereas fractional order in both manganese(II) and atenolol. Addition of products showed no effect on the rate of the reaction. The main product, 2-(4-(2-hydroxy-3-oxopropoxy)phenyl)acetamide, was identified with the aid of IR and mass spectral data. Stoichiometry with respect to the drug substrate and reagent was established as 2:1. Added H2SO4, SO4
2− and HSO4
− showed negligible effect on the rate of the reaction. HCe(SO4)3
− was found to be the predominant reactive species under the specified experimental conditions. The rate constants (k), catalytic constant (kc
) and equilibrium constant (K
6) for the proposed mechanism were determined. The kinetic and thermodynamic activation parameters were computed for both the slow rate determining step and complex forming equilibrium step.
Depth-from-Focus-Based 3D Reconstruction of Asphalt Pavement Micro-Texture
Authors: Cui X. , Zhou X. , Lou J. , Zhang J. , Ran M.
Published: October 2017

Three-dimensional image reconstruction is one of the basic methods to obtain the micro-texture characteristics of body surface. In this study, a novel 3D-reconstruction measurement technique is proposed to rapidly and reliably capture the features of asphalt pavement micro-texture. This technique is based on the depth-from-focus principle. Sequential images of pavement texture are hierarchically photographed using a monocular stereo microscope installed perpendicularly to the surface of asphalt specimen. These images focus on different depths of the pavement surface, and each pixel on the clear area of the images are orientated and combined into a fused image through the new proposed algorithm, which introduces the improved Laplacian focus operator. The three-dimensional picture of micro-texture can be reconstructed utilizing the MATLAB software with the altitude data of the pixels obtained through the Gaussian interpolation. Laboratory tests are described and the results exhibit that the proposed method can accurately reconstruct the three-dimensional micro-texture of asphalt pavement.
Rietveld Quantitative Stability of Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement Between Internal and External Standard Methods
Authors: Zhao P. , Liu X. , Lu L. , Wang P.
Published: October 2017

The internal and external standard (G-factor) methods were applied to Rietveld/XRD quantitative analysis of Portland blast furnace slag cement using X’Pert Highscore Plus and GSAS-EXPGUI software. The Rietveld quantitative result derived from G-factor calculation and application was compared by internal standard methodology, which was employed by separately adding 20 and 50 % (weight percentage) of SiO2. The results show that the quantitations obtained by both of the above independent methods are almost consistent. In addition, the quantitative difference of most crystalline phases are less than 1 % except C4AF, about 1.2 %, while the amorphous determination has the quantitative difference of 2.1 %. Beside the careful sample preparation, proper XRD pattern collection, and satisfactory Rietveld refined procedure, the polished quartz rock used for mean G-factor calculation and the modified formula for amorphous calculation contributed to the Rietveld quantitative stability and reasonability. The formula based on amorphous quantification by internal standard was expressed as WAmor = 1−(WS(1−WS(PS+Sta)′))/((WS(PS+Sta)′−WS(PS)′)(1−WS)).
Physiological Information for Pavement Ride Quality Verification
Authors: Tomiyama K. , Kawamura A.
Published: October 2017

Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to the beat-to-beat fluctuations in heart rate, which is one of the most promising physiological indicators reflecting mental stress of humans. It has different spectral components in the high and low frequency ranges that are 0.15–0.4 Hz and 0.04–0.15 Hz, respectively. One of the interesting features of HRV is that mental stress inactivates the high frequency (HF) spectral oscillations depending on its severity. The purpose of this study was to verify pavement ride quality ratings based on HRV. For this purpose, a sophisticated driving simulator (KITDS: Kitami Institute of Driving Simulator) was employed and was confirmed to be applicable to physiological testing for pavement ride quality. The result of the simulator experiment showed that the HF oscillations in the time-frequency plane analyzed by continuous wavelet transform decreased with the increase of surface roughness in terms of the international roughness index (IRI). This phenomenon was validated by the on-site experiment using an actual vehicle prior to the ride quality verification study using the KITDS. In the verification study, we observed a particular case of which the subjective ratings were inconsistent with physiological stress signs in terms of the HF oscillations. Although the traditional questionnaire-based testing allows direct measurement of the ride quality of road users, in such a case, the participants of the experiment are unconsciously exposed to mental stress regarding ride quality. The experiment result indicated that 70 % of the participants suffered the unconscious mental stress. To improve this inconsistency, we categorized subjective ratings into three categories depending on the HF oscillations of HRV. According to the result, we suggested that the IRI of 3 mm/m was reasonable as a threshold of pavement ride quality acceptance at the highway speed of 80 km/h.
Variants of Psychopathy and the Dependence on Gender, Age, and Ethnic Background
Authors: Zwaanswijk Wendy , van Geel Mitch , Andershed Henrik , Fanti Kostas A. , Vedder Paul
Published: October 2017

The current study examines variants of psychopathy in a community sample of Dutch adolescents (N = 2,855, 57‥ male) using three dimensions of psychopathy and trait anxiety. Five subgroups were identified, two with high levels of psychopathic traits. The first seemed consistent with primary psychopathy, high on all dimensions, with additional low levels of anxiety, whereas the second showed elevated levels of anxiety, consistent with secondary psychopathy. Two variants low on psychopathic traits were identified: a low-risk variant and an anxious variant. Further, a moderaterisk group was found, with slightly above average psychopathy traits and average levels of mental health problems. The secondary psychopathy and the anxious variant reported the most problem behaviors. Boys, younger adolescents, and non-Western immigrant youth were overrepresented in the secondary group. These findings show that in a community sample psychopathy is a heterogeneous phenomenon.
Examining the Incremental Utility of DSM-5 Section III Traits and Impairment in Relation to Traditional Personality Disorder Scores in a Female Correctional Sample
Authors: Sleep Chelsea E. , Wygant Dustin B. , Miller Joshua D.
Published: October 2017

Personality disorders (PDs) are challenging to assess and are associated with great individual and societal costs. In response to the limitations of categorical models, the DSM-5 included an alternative model (i.e., Section III), which uses impairment (Criterion A) and pathological traits (Criterion B) to diagnose PDs. Although numerous studies have illustrated dimensional trait models' ability to capture personality psychopathology, less attention has been paid to personality impairment. The present investigation sought to examine Criterion A's ability to contribute incrementally to the prediction of antisocial (ASPD), borderline (BPD), and narcissistic personality disorders (NPD), and Interpersonal-Affective (F1) and Impulsive-Antisocial (F2) features of psychopathy. The current study used 200 female inmates and found that impairment contributed to the prediction of BPD, NPD, and psychopathy F1 scores and did not add to the prediction of ASPD and psychopathy F2 scores. Difficulties in distinguishing between personality impairment and personality disordered traits are discussed.
Dynamic Trial-by-Trial Recoding of Task-Set Representations in the Frontoparietal Cortex Mediates Behavioral Flexibility
Authors: Qiao Lei , Zhang Lijie , Chen Antao , Egner Tobias
Published: October 2017

Cognitive flexibility forms the core of the extraordinary ability of humans to adapt, but the precise neural mechanisms underlying our ability to nimbly shift between task sets remain poorly understood. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies employing multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) have shown that a currently relevant task set can be decoded from activity patterns in the frontoparietal cortex, but whether these regions support the dynamic transformation of task sets from trial to trial is not clear. Here, we combined a cued task-switching protocol with human (both sexes) fMRI, and harnessed representational similarity analysis (RSA) to facilitate a novel assessment of trial-by-trial changes in neural task-set representations. We first used MVPA to define task-sensitive frontoparietal and visual regions and found that neural task-set representations on switch trials are less stably encoded than on repeat trials. We then exploited RSA to show that the neural representational pattern dissimilarity across consecutive trials is greater for switch trials than for repeat trials, and that the degree of this pattern dissimilarity predicts behavior. Moreover, the overall neural pattern of representational dissimilarities followed from the assumption that repeating sets, compared with switching sets, results in stronger neural task representations. Finally, when moving from cue to target phase within a trial, pattern dissimilarities tracked the transformation from previous-trial task representations to the currently relevant set. These results provide neural evidence for the longstanding assumptions of an effortful task-set reconfiguration process hampered by task-set inertia, and they demonstrate that frontoparietal and stimulus processing regions support “dynamic adaptive coding,” flexibly representing changing task sets in a trial-by-trial fashion.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans can fluently switch between different tasks, reflecting an ability to dynamically configure “task sets,” rule representations that link stimuli to appropriate responses. Recent studies show that neural signals in frontal and parietal brain regions can tell us which of two tasks a person is currently performing. However, it is not known whether these regions are also involved in dynamically reconfiguring task-set representations when switching between tasks. Here we measured human brain activity during task switching and tracked the similarity of neural task-set representations from trial to trial. We show that frontal and parietal brain regions flexibly recode changing task sets in a trial-by-trial fashion, and that task-set similarity over consecutive trials predicts behavior.
Neural Signature of Value-Based Sensorimotor Prioritization in Humans
Authors: Blangero Annabelle , Kelly Simon P.
Published: October 2017

In situations in which impending sensory events demand fast action choices, we must be ready to prioritize higher-value courses of action to avoid missed opportunities. When such a situation first presents itself, stimulus–action contingencies and their relative value must be encoded to establish a value-biased state of preparation for an impending sensorimotor decision. Here, we sought to identify neurophysiological signatures of such processes in the human brain (both female and male). We devised a task requiring fast action choices based on the discrimination of a simple visual cue in which the differently valued sensory alternatives were presented 750–800 ms before as peripheral “targets” that specified the stimulus–action mapping for the upcoming decision. In response to the targets, we identified a discrete, transient, spatially selective signal in the event-related potential (ERP), which scaled with relative value and strongly predicted the degree of behavioral bias in the upcoming decision both across and within subjects. This signal is not compatible with any hitherto known ERP signature of spatial selection and also bears novel distinctions with respect to characterizations of value-sensitive, spatially selective activity found in sensorimotor areas of nonhuman primates. Specifically, a series of follow-up experiments revealed that the signal was reliably invoked regardless of response laterality, response modality, sensory feature, and reward valence. It was absent, however, when the response deadline was relaxed and the strategic need for biasing removed. Therefore, more than passively representing value or salience, the signal appears to play a versatile and active role in adaptive sensorimotor prioritization.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn many situations such as fast-moving sports, we must be ready to act fast in response to sensory events and, in our preparation, prioritize courses of action that lead to greater rewards. Although behavioral effects of value biases in sensorimotor decision making have been widely studied, little is known about the neural processes that set these biases in place beforehand. Here, we report the discovery of a transient, spatially selective neural signal in humans that encodes the relative value of competing decision alternatives and strongly predicts behavioral value biases in decisions made ∼500 ms later. Follow-up manipulations of value differential, reward valence, response modality, sensory features, and time constraints establish that the signal reflects an active, feature- and effector-general preparatory mechanism for value-based prioritization.
Zic-Proteins Are Repressors of Dopaminergic Forebrain Fate in Mice andC. elegans
Authors: Tiveron Marie-Catherine , Beclin Christophe , Murgan Sabrina , Wild Stefan , Angelova Alexandra , Marc Julie , Coré Nathalie , de Chevigny Antoine , Herrera Eloisa , Bosio Andreas , Bertrand Vincent , Cremer Harold
Published: October 2017

In the postnatal forebrain regionalized neural stem cells along the ventricular walls produce olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons with varying neurotransmitter phenotypes and positions. To understand the molecular basis of this region-specific variability we analyzed gene expression in the postnatal dorsal and lateral lineages in mice of both sexes from stem cells to neurons. We show that both lineages maintain transcription factor signatures of their embryonic site of origin, the pallium and subpallium. However, additional factors, including Zic1 and Zic2, are postnatally expressed in the dorsal stem cell compartment and maintained in the lineage that generates calretinin-positive GABAergic neurons for the OB. Functionally, we show that Zic1 and Zic2 induce the generation of calretinin-positive neurons while suppressing dopaminergic fate in the postnatal dorsal lineage. We investigated the evolutionary conservation of the dopaminergic repressor function of Zic proteins and show that it is already present inC. elegans.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe vertebrate brain generates thousands of different neuron types. In this work we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this variability. Using a genomics approach we identify the transcription factor signatures of defined neural stem cells and neuron populations. Based thereon we show that two related transcription factors, Zic1 and Zic2, are essential to control the balance between two defined neuron types in the postnatal brain. We show that this mechanism is conserved in evolutionary very distant species.
Policy Failure Scandals as Political Scandals in Japan
Authors: Carlson Matthew
Published: October 2017

Major political corruption scandals were a common occurrence in postwar Japan. After the 1990s, policy failure scandals generated by bureaucratic rather than political corruption became more common. Among the crucial ingredients in generating policy failure scandals was the role of interparty competition and the functioning of a two-party system.
Envisioning Black Girl Futures
Authors: Halliday Aria S.
Published: October 2017

Black girlhood exists in a world that is constantly trying to negate it. Black vernacular traditions, too, allow girls to be considered “fast” or “womanish” based on their perceived desire or sexuality. However, Black girlhood studies presents a space where Black girls can claim their own experiences and futures. This essay engages how Nicki Minaj's “Anaconda” is fertile ground to help demystify Black girls’ possibilities for finding sexual pleasure and self-determination. Using hip-hop feminism, I argue that “Anaconda” presents a Black feminist sexual politics that encourages agency for Black girls, providing a “pinkprint” for finding pleasure in their bodies.
The Presumption of Innocence Under Attack
Authors: Gray Anthony Davidson
Published: October 2017

This Article documents the increasing range of instances in which the presumption of innocence has been abrogated by legislation. Legislatures are responding to fears around terrorism and general community anxiety about law and order issues by increasing resort to reverse onus provisions. While the right of the legislature to enact laws thought to further public safety is acknowledged, the presumption of innocence is a long-standing, fundamental due process right. This Article specifically considers the extent to which reverse onus provisions are constitutionally valid in a range of jurisdictions considered comparable. It finds that the approach in use in some jurisdictions studied, testing the constitutionality of reverse onus provisions on the basis of whether they practically permit an accused to be found guilty although there is reasonable doubt about their guilt, has much to commend it. However, this is part-solution only, since legislatures may then be driven to redefine crimes to seek to effectively cast the burden of proof onto an accused by redefining what is in substance an element of a defense. Thus, it favors a substantive approach to determining what the prosecutor must show to obtain a conviction, utilizing concepts such as moral blameworthiness and actus reus/mens rea.
The crosstalk between endometrial stromal cells and macrophages impairs cytotoxicity of NK cells in endometriosis by secreting IL-10 and TGF-β
Authors: Yang Hui-Li , Zhou Wen-Jie , Chang Kai-Kai , Mei Jie , Huang Li-Qing , Wang Ming-Yan , Meng Yi , Ha Si-Yao , Li Da-Jin , Li Ming-Qing
Published: October 2017

The dysfunction of NK cells in women with endometriosis (EMS) contributes to the immune escape of menstrual endometrial fragments refluxed into the peritoneal cavity. The reciprocal communications between endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and lymphocytes facilitate the development of EMS. However, the mechanism of these communications on cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells in endometriotic milieus is still largely unknown. To imitate the local immune microenvironment, the co-culture systems of ESCs from patients with EMS and monocyte-derived macrophages or of ESCs, macrophages and NK cells were constructed. The cytokine levels in the co-culture unit were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of functional molecules in NK cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The NK cell behaviorsin vitrowere analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and cytotoxic activation assays. After incubation with ESCs and macrophages, the expression of CD16, NKG2D, perforin and IFN-γ, viability and cytotoxicity of NK cells were significantly downregulated. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the co-culture system of ESCs and macrophages was increased. Exposure with anti-IL-10 receptor β neutralizing antibody (αhIL-10Rβ) or αTGF-β could partly reverse these effects of ESCs and macrophages on NK cellsin vitro. These results suggest that the interaction between macrophages and ESCs downregulates cytotoxicity of NK cells possibly by stimulating the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β, and may further trigger the immune escape of ectopic fragments and promote the occurrence and the development of EMS.
Production of cloned mice using oocytes derived from ICR-outbred strain
Authors: Tanabe Yoshiaki , Kuwayama Hiroki , Wakayama Sayaka , Nagatomo Hiroaki , Ooga Masatoshi , Kamimura Satoshi , Kishigami Satoshi , Wakayama Teruhiko
Published: October 2017

Recently, it has become possible to generate cloned mice using a somatic cell nucleus derived from not only F1 strains but also inbred strains. However, to date, all cloned mice have been generated using F1 mouse oocytes as the recipient cytoplasm. Here, we attempted to generate cloned mice from oocytes derived from the ICR-outbred mouse strain. Cumulus cell nuclei derived from BDF1 and ICR mouse strains were injected into enucleated oocytes of both strains to create four groups. Subsequently, the quality and developmental potential of the cloned embryos were examined. ICR oocytes were more susceptible to damage associated with nuclear injection than BDF1 oocytes, but their activation rate and several epigenetic markers of reconstructed cloned oocytes/embryos were similar to those of BDF1 oocytes. When cloned embryos were cultured for up to 4 days, those derived from ICR oocytes demonstrated a significantly decreased rate of development to the blastocyst stage, irrespective of the nuclear donor mouse strain. However, when cloned embryos derived from ICR oocytes were transferred to female recipients at the two-cell stage, healthy cloned offspring were obtained at a success rate similar to that using BDF1 oocytes. The ICR mouse strain is very popular for biological research and less expensive to establish than most other strains. Thus, the results of this study should promote the study of nuclear reprogramming not only by reducing the cost of experiments but also by allowing us to study the effect of oocyte cytoplasm by comparing it between strains.
Embryo cell allocation patterns are not altered by biopsy but can be linked with further development
Authors: Sepulveda-Rincon L P , Islam N , Marsters P , Campbell B K , Beaujean N , Maalouf W E
Published: October 2017

It has been suggested that first embryo cleavage can be related with the embryonic–abembryonic axis at blastocyst stage in mice. Thus, cells of the 2-cell embryo might be already biased to form the inner cell mass or trophectoderm. This study was conducted to observe the possible effects of embryo biopsy on cell allocation patterns during embryo preimplantation in two different mouse strains and the effects of these patterns on further development. First, one blastomere of the 2-cell embryo was injected with a lipophilic tracer and cell allocation patterns were observed at blastocyst stage. Blastocysts were classified into orthogonal, deviant or random pattern. For the first experiment, embryos were biopsied at 8-cell stage and total cell counts (TCC) were annotated. Furthermore, non-biopsied blastocysts were transferred into foster mothers. Then, pups and their organs were weighed two weeks after birth. Random pattern was significantly recurrent (≈60%), against orthogonal (<22%) and deviant (<22%) patterns among groups. These patterns were not affected by biopsy procedure. However, TCC on deviant embryos were reduced after biopsy. Moreover, no differences were found between patterns for implantation rates, litter size, live offspring and organ weights (lungs, liver, pancreas and spleen). However, deviant pups presented heavier hearts and orthogonal pups presented lighter kidneys among the group. In conclusion, these results suggest that single blastomere removal does not disturb cell allocation patterns during pre-implantation. Nonetheless, the results suggest that embryos following different cell allocation patterns present different coping mechanisms againstin vitromanipulations and further development might be altered.
Backmatter
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: October 2017

backmatter
Competencies required for occupational health nurses
Authors: Kono Keiko , Goto Yuki , Hatanaka Junko , Yoshikawa Etsuko
Published: October 2017

Objectives

For occupational health (OH) nurses to perform activities effectively, not only skills and knowledge but also competencies proposed by Dr. McClelland are indispensable. This study aimed to identify competencies required for OH nurses and to show their structure diagram.

Methods

Qualitative descriptive research was conducted from October 2010 to August 2011. Eight high-performing OH nurses participated, and data were collected from semi-structured interviews held for each nurse. Data were qualitatively and inductively analyzed using the KJ method.

Results

Seven competencies were identified: “self-growth competency,” “OH nursing essence perpetuation competency,” “strategic planning and duty fulfillment competency,” “coordination competency,” “client growth support competency,” “team empowerment competency,” and “creative competency.” A structure diagram of the seven competencies was clarified. As the definitions of the competencies were different, the findings of competencies for OH nursing in the United States of America (USA) could not simply be compared with the findings of our study; however, all seven competencies were compatible with those in AAOHN model 1 and AAOHN model 2 in the USA.

Conclusion

Our seven competencies are essential for OH nurses to perform activities that meet the expectations of employees and the employer.
The Proximal Optimisation Technique for Intervention of Coronary Bifurcations
Authors: Hoye Angela ,   Department of Academic Cardiology, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
Published: October 2017

The proximal optimisation technique (POT) has been proposed as a strategy to improve the results of stent scaffolding of bifurcation lesions. It is a straightforward technique whereby a short, appropriately-sized balloon is inflated in the main vessel just proximal to the carina. The technique has several advantages: it reduces the risk of side branch compromise related to shifting of the carina, it improves stent apposition in the proximal main vessel, and it facilitates side branch access after main vessel stent implantation. When treating bifurcations, final kissing balloon dilation (KBD) has traditionally been used routinely to optimise angiographic results. However, recent clinical data have questioned this philosophy and bench models have demonstrated several shortcomings of KBD. Instead, the optimal strategy may centre on performing POT, followed by side branch dilation, and completed with a final (re)-POT. The following review article describes how to perform POT and presents the evidence to support its� routine use.
Next Generation FFR Microcatheter Technology
Authors: Mountfort Katrina ,   Medical Writer, Radcliffe Cardiology
Published: October 2017

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the mainstay of functional haemodynamic assessment of coronary artery lesions, guiding decisions in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The RXi® rapid exchange FFR system, featuring an ultrathin monorail pressure microcatheter (Navvus™) has the potential to simplify PCI procedures. Data from two studies sponsored by ACIST Medical Systems evaluating the clinical utility of the microcatheter system were presented at EuroPCR, which took place over 16–19 May 2017 in Paris. Early data from the FFR-Stent Evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital (FFR-SEARCH) registry have indicated that post-PCI, almost half of patients have FFR values below 0.90 even when stent placement appears fine on angiography. This registry is noteworthy for including a high proportion of unstable patients. The Assessment of Catheter-based Interrogation and Standard Techniques for Fractional Flow Reserve measurement (ACIST-FFR) study has shown that the microcatheter system provides a modestly lower FFR value compared with the traditional pressure wire, and an independent predictor of a difference between the two is the physiological severity of the lesion as measured by the Navvus microcatheter, meaning that the clinical impact of the difference is minimal for most measurements. These findings add to the growing body of evidence in support of the microcatheter FFR system and have prompted further research into optimising procedures.
Predilatation Prior to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Is it Still a Prerequisite?
Authors: Pagnesi Matteo ,   Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Baldetti Luca ,   Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Sole Paolo Del ,   Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Mangieri Antonio ,   Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Ancona Marco B. ,   Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Regazzoli Damiano ,   Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Buzzatti Nicola ,   Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Giannini Francesco ,   Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Colombo Antonio ,   Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,   Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, Latib Azeem ,   Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Published: October 2017

Predilatation has been historically considered a mandatory step before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) since it facilitates valve crossing and prosthesis delivery, ensures optimal valve expansion and improves hemodynamic stability during valve deployment. However, as a result of procedural evolution over time, direct TAVI (without pre-implantation balloon aortic valvuloplasty) has emerged as an interesting option to simplify the procedure and to avoid potential valvuloplasty-related complications. Several real-world retrospective studies and one small randomised study have shown that direct TAVI (with both self-expanding and balloon-expandable prostheses) is feasible, safe and associated with outcomes similar to standard TAVI with pre-implantation balloon aortic valvuloplasty. In the absence of high-quality, robust evidence, the current review aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of omitting predilatation prior to TAVI.
Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Management in the Post NOBLE and EXCEL Era
Authors: Borges Nyal ,   Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, Kapadia Samir R ,   Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA, Ellis Stephen G ,   Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
Published: October 2017

The optimal management of unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease is currently a debated topic. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has seen an increased adoption for the management of ULMCA disease after numerous small-scale randomised trials and cohort studies showed equipoise with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for low complexity lesions. The recently published NOBLE and EXCEL trials are two of the largest international randomised clinical trials comparing PCI and CABG in patients with ULMCA disease. In lieu of all the available evidence, PCI appears to be equivalent to CABG in regard to mortality in patients with ULMCA disease. In non-diabetic patients with low complexity coronary disease (SYNTAX score ≤32), PCI appears to be a reasonable alternative to CABG, especially for ostial and midshaft left main coronary lesions. CABG is preferable in the presence of diabetes, multivessel coronary disease in addition to ULMCA or complex coronary lesions (SYNTAX score >33) including distal left main lesions.
Safety and Efficacy of Protected Cardiac Intervention: Clinical Evidence for Sentinel Cerebral Embolic Protection
Authors: Schäfer Ulrich ,   Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
Published: October 2017

Stroke is a well-documented potential risk of structural cardiac interventions. As a result of the far-reaching burden of stroke on patients, caregivers and the healthcare system, new medical interventions and therapies are being developed to help mitigate this risk. One such intervention is the recently FDA-cleared Sentinel™ Cerebral Protection System (Sentinel; Claret Medical, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) designed to capture and remove debris dislodged during transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedures. In the SENTINEL IDE Study, and in a more recent all-comers trial, Sentinel significantly reduced periprocedural strokes by 63 and 70 % respectively. In this paper, we review the growing body of evidence supporting the use of Sentinel in transcatheter aortic valve replacement and other endovascular procedures.
Práctica profesional de los egresados del programa de Fisioterapia de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en el marco del sistema de salud colombiano
Authors: Molina-Achury Nancy Jeaneth , Vianna-D´Avila Ana Luiza , Benavides-Piracón John , Quintana-Cortés Mónica Alejandra
Published: October 2017

Introducción. Los cambios en el saber y en la práctica han logrado consolidar a la fisioterapia como una profesión emergente de rápido crecimiento; sin embargo, las dinámicas del mercado y los sistemas de salud han transformado las características del recurso humano, las condiciones de trabajo y los avances y tendencias de la práctica profesional.Objetivo. Caracterizar el estado actual de la práctica profesional de la fisioterapia en el marco de organización del sistema de salud colombiano, cuyas transformaciones han impactado el conjunto de prácticas profesionales del sector salud.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una encuesta electrónica a estudiantes de Fisioterapia de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia graduados durante el período 1980-2012 que evalúa campos y áreas de desempeño, condiciones de trabajo, autonomía profesional, valoración social y perfil de morbilidad.Resultados. La fisioterapia aparece como una profesión socialmente requerida, con campos y áreas de desempeño que se proyectan más allá del sector salud. Sin embargo, son preocupantes las condiciones de deterioro del trabajo, destacando las formas de contratación, los bajos salarios y las restricciones para la práctica profesional autónoma, en particular en el campo asistencial.Conclusiones. Es necesario garantizar condiciones de trabajo que promuevan una práctica profesional idónea y que garanticen la permanencia de los profesionales, en especial en la práctica asistencial.
Estilos de vida de estudiantes admitidos a un programa de nutrición y dietética. Bogotá D.C., 2010-2011
Authors: Becerra-Bulla Fabiola , Vargas-Zárate Melier
Published: October 2017

Introducción. Diferentes estudios evidencian que el ingreso a la universidad es una etapa en la que el estilo de vida de las personas se convierte en un factor de riesgo para la salud.Objetivo. Identificar los estilos de vida de los estudiantes admitidos a un programa de pregrado de nutrición y dietética.Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el que mediante encuesta validada se indagó sobre consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, hábito de fumar, horas de sueño y autopercepción de estrés.Resultados. Participaron 70 estudiantes: 79% mujeres y 21% hombres. Más de la mitad tenía 16-18 años. 56% de los estudiantes dormía 4-6 horas sin diferencias significativas entre géneros. La percepción de estrés fue negativa en el 60% de los hombres y 64% de las mujeres. Más de la mitad (64%) de los estudiantes no ingería bebidas alcohólicas antes de ingresar a la universidad y solo 5% manifestó fumar.Conclusiones. El ámbito universitario puede considerarse un factor de riesgo para la adquisición de estilos de vida inadecuados que pueden afectar la salud y calidad de vida de los estudiantes.
Orientaciones conceptuales, evaluativas y prácticas desde la terapia ocupacional para la participación de niños con enfermedades crónicas: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Peñas-Felizzola Olga Luz , Parra-Esquivel Eliana Isabel , Duarte Torres Silvia Cristina
Published: October 2017

Introducción. Las enfermedades crónicas generan alto impacto psicológico, económico y social, restringen la participación y son un factor de riesgo para procesos incapacitantes que se pueden experimentar a largo plazo. En población pediátrica, se reconoce que el terapeuta ocupacional debe intervenir de forma integral para favorecer la participación del niño y mejorar su calidad de vida.Objetivo. Aportar orientaciones conceptuales, evaluativas y prácticas relacionadas con la intervención de niños con enfermedad crónica en sus actividades cotidianas.Materiales y métodos. Revisión de literatura especializada según categorías analíticas: referentes conceptuales, herramientas evaluativas y orientaciones prácticas para el abordaje del niño con enfermedad crónica incapacitante.Resultados. Los referentes conceptuales mencionan la importancia de un enfoque centrado en el niño y la familia, así como de su empoderamiento en el proceso de manejo de la condición de salud crónica. Las herramientas evaluativas muestran suficiente disponibilidad de instrumentos formales aplicables a esta población y dan cuenta de variadas estrategias y recomendaciones prácticas, aplicables a niños en distintas áreas ocupacionales y escenarios donde se desarrolla su cotidianidad.Conclusiones. Se evidenció la necesidad de integralidad en la intervención profesional, de trascender del escenario clínico al familiar y social (manejo individual de los casos) y de acudir a enfoques centrados en el usuario y su familia. También se identificaron temas que resultan de relevancia para ser incorporados en el actuar cotidiano de los terapeutas ocupacionales y sobre los cuales deben ahondar estudios posteriores: bioética y cuidado paliativo de menores con enfermedad crónica.
Fonoaudiología y lactancia humana
Authors: Ramírez-Gómez Karen Eliana , Sampallo-Pedroza Rosa Mercedes
Published: October 2017

Introducción. Las interrelaciones entre el desarrollo de la lactancia humana y la fonoaudiología se dan a partir de acciones profesionales en marco de procesos comunicativos, el desarrollo de habilidades oromotoras y la construcción del lenguaje como medio transversal en la atención del binomio madre–hijo durante los primeros 6 meses de vida.Objetivo. Establecer acciones profesionales en fonoaudiología desarrolladas en consejería y apoyo en lactancia humana, desarrollo oromotor y desarrollo comunicativo.Materiales y métodos. Se empleó el método investigación acción participativa (IAP), dirigido a mujeres adolescentes o en condición de vulnerabilidad en su último trimestre de gestación y lactantes.Resultados. Se conformaron cinco grupos de apoyo con 53 participantes en total; se ejecutaron acciones profesionales en consejería grupal e individual, evaluación e intervención en diversos temas relacionados y en dificultades en lactancia humana y alimentación.Conclusiones. Se ratificó la acción del fonoaudiólogo como especialista en la organización desde la correlación anatómica y funcional de estructuras y órganos involucrados, tanto en la madre como en el infante, durante la lactancia. Además, se comprobó la pertinencia de la metodología IAP durante la consejería en fonoaudiología en entornos comunitarios y lactancia humana.
Estudio molecular de la inversión de los intrones 1 y 22 del factor VIII de la coagulación en niños con hemofilia A severa utilizando técnica de PCR de larga distancia
Authors: Garcés María Fernanda , Linares Adriana , Sarmiento Isabel Cristina , Caminos Jorge Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Introducción. La hemofilia A es una enfermedad recesiva ligada al cromosoma X, con una incidencia de 1 en 5 000 a 10 000 varones y es el trastorno hemostático congénito más frecuente en varones. En pacientes con fenotipo severo, las inversiones de los intrones 22 y 1 son las mutaciones más comunes con una prevalencia del 45% a 50% y del 1% al 5% de los pacientes, respectivamente.Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de la inversión de los intrones 1 y 22 del gen del factor VIII de la coagulación en menores de 18 años con hemofilia A severa en Bogotá D.C.Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo y transversal. La identificación de la inversión de los intrones 1 y 22 del gen del factor VIII se realizó mediante técnicas de reacción en cadena de polimerasa de larga distancia.Resultados. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes y se encontró inversión del intrón 22 en 12 pacientes (40%) e inversión 1 en 3 pacientes, cifras similares a las observadas en otros estudios.Conclusiones. Se encontraron las inversiones de los intrones 1 y 22 en la mitad de los pacientes evaluados. Los resultados son reproducibles, por lo que constituyen una herramienta útil para la identificación de las dos mutaciones más frecuentes en hemofilia A severa.