bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fé na ciência? Como as famílias de micro viram a ciência do vírus Zika acontecer em suas crianças no Recife/PE
Authors: Fleischer Soraya
Published: February 2022

O vírus Zika (VZ) se instalou no Brasil como uma nova epidemia entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. Sua principal consequência foi reprodutiva, com o nascimento de mais de 4.000 crianças com o que se convencionou chamar de Síndrome Congênita do Vírus Zika (SCVZ), que reúne um conjunto complexo de muitas deficiências e exige vários tipos de cuidado especializado. Até o momento, na literatura antropológica, muito foi dito sobre essas deficiências, sobre o cotidiano de cuidados e de direitos dessas crianças e suas famílias, mas nem tanto foi documentado sobre a relação que elas mantiveram com a ciência que por muito tempo tentou compreender esse novo vírus, essa nova síndrome. O artigo apresenta razões para essas pessoas terem aceitado os convites vindos da ciência e também terem tecido reflexões mais críticas sobre esse intenso convívio com a mesma. Com base em pesquisa coletiva e etnográfica, realizada ao longo de quatro anos no Recife/PE, epicentro da epidemia do VZ, o artigo pretende contribuir com uma Antropologia da ciência menos “interna ao laboratório”, já que os sujeitos de pesquisa envolvidos na produção de conhecimento sobre o VZ e a SCVZ também ajudaram a avaliar e – mais importante – a construir essa ciência.
Codicologie et langage de la norme dans les villes du Midi de la France
Authors: Chastang Pierre
Published: February 2022

Dans la perspective de mener une étude comparée de la production statutaire médiévale qui intègre l’espace du Midi de la France (Languedoc et Provence) et celui de l’Italie des communes, l’article expose les bénéfices d’un retour aux manuscrits, combinée à une approche archéologique et critique des catégories du droit en usage. Il propose ensuite une étude des formes documentaires du droit local qui vise à rapporter le caractère composite et irrégulier des documents produits à l’hétéronomie même du droit médiéval. Dans un dernier temps, la variété et la transformation des formes documentaires du ius proprium, produites dans des cadres communautaires emboités, sont interrogées comme un effet de la vie politique et sociale des communautés médiévales.
Acteurs, structures et rhétorique dans les statuts municipaux de la France méridionale
Authors: Leroy Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Les statuts municipaux constituent un des meilleurs marqueurs de l’autonomie acquise par certaines villes aux XIIe-XIVe siècles. Les travaux récents consacrés aux statuts et coutumes du Midi de la France permettent de mieux comprendre la composition des normes municipales élaborées à la fin du Moyen Âge. Les informations qu’ils donnent sur les auteurs, l’organisation interne et le vocabulaire des corpus statutaires révèlent qu’au-delà d’une apparente diversité, ceux-ci sont des œuvres politiques et pragmatiques, expressions du pouvoir et des besoins des oligarchies en place dans les villes les plus autonomes de Provence et du Languedoc.
Production, réception, médiation
Authors: Hébert Michel
Published: February 2022

La présente étude s’intéresse à la place du statut urbain de la Provence des derniers siècles du Moyen Âge, dans l’ensemble plus vaste des strates normatives complémentaires ou concurrentes qui caractérisent le processus de son élaboration. Statuts produits par la commune ou par ses instances subordonnées, statuts produits au sein de la commune ou dispositions émanant des instances supérieures, toutes ces normes contribuent à la constitution d’une archive urbaine et d’un paysage documentaire marqués par des stratégies de médiation, d’appropriation et de conservation. L’ensemble de ces pratiques circonscrivent la marge de manœuvre de villes subordonnées à un pouvoir éminent dans la gestion de leur jus proprium.
La Construction du pouvoir local
Authors: Canepari Eleonora
Published: February 2022

Le volume explore la relation de clientèle qui unit les élites aux couches populaires de Rome à l’époque moderne. À travers un voyage, très documenté, dans une ville en fort développement, l’auteur conduit le lecteur à travers l’espace urbain en explorant les différentes échelles du pouvoir politique : le palais, les îlots, le contrade, les quartiers. Le volume s’attache ainsi à comprendre comment un pouvoir local se crée, s’enracine et se perpétue dans la société urbaine. En empruntant à l’anthropologie politique les notions de pouvoir relationnel et de big-man, l’auteur suggère que l’une des clés de la conquête et du maintien du pouvoir local est à rechercher dans les liens qui unissent les « hommes illustres » des quartiers aux habitants de ces portions de l’espace urbain. C’est à l’échelle du quartier que se situe l’enjeux de la conquête de l’autorité informelle, condition préliminaire et nécessaire à l’obtention d’une charge municipale. Le quartier devient ainsi l’espace d’un jeu politique pluriel, d’une compétition locale, exacerbée par l’ouverture que caractérise l’élite capitoline jusqu’à la moitié du XVIIIe siècle.
Digital Transformation in Restaurants
Authors: Altaş Aysu
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic process, which has affected the whole world, has accelerated technological developments by laying the groundwork for digital transformation in many fields. In this context, various technological innovations have been introduced, such as a social distance tracking system that warns when the appropriate social distance rules are violated between employees, robot dogs on patrol, the use of drones for delivery, and robots that can do many jobs that humans can do. The restaurant industry has also tried to integrate these rapid technological developments as much as possible. In this study, which is about how the recent advances in technology have or can be affected restaurants, examples from the world are given for each technological development mentioned in order to better understand the subject. It is considered that the study will contribute to the literature, future studies, sector representatives who want to apply technological developments in their restaurants, and investors who want to open a new restaurant with technological infrastructure.
Machine Learning for Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Dang Quang-Vinh
Published: February 2022

The growth of the internet and network-based services bring to us a lot of new opportunities but also pose many new security threats. The intrusion detection system (IDS) has been studied and developed over the years to cope with external attacks from the internet. The task of an IDS is to classify and stop the malicious traffic from outside to enter the computer system. In recent years, machine learning-based IDS has attracted a lot of attention from the industry and academia. The IDS based on state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms usually achieves a very high predictive performance than traditional approaches. On the other hand, several open datasets have been introduced for the researchers to evaluate and compare their algorithms. This chapter reviews the classification techniques used in IDS, mostly the machine learning algorithms and the published datasets. The authors discuss the achievements and some open problems and suggest a few research directions in the future.
Comparing Machine Learning Algorithms and DNN for Anomaly Detection
Authors: K. N. Apinaya Prethi , M. Sangeetha , S. Nithya
Published: February 2022

Cyber space became inevitable in today's world. It needs a security technology to safeguard the whole system from outsiders. An intrusion detection system acts as a strong barrier and screens the vulnerability. There is an upgraded amount of network attacks such as DoS (denial of service), R2L (remote to local) attack, U2R (user to root), and probe attack. These network attacks lead to prohibited usage of data from various applications like medical, bank, car maintenance, and achieve activities. This will result in financial gain and prevent authorized persons from accessing the network. Intrusion detection systems were implemented in systems where security is desirable. The conventional system makes use of machine learning techniques such as random forest and decision trees that entail many computational resources and higher time complexity. To overcome this, a DNN-based intrusion detection system is proposed. This IDS not only detects the abnormalities but also results in higher accuracy compared to existing systems. This also improves the speed, accuracy, and stability of the system.
Hard Pill to Swallow: Socio-economic Factors behind Non communicable Diseases of Employed Persons in Sri Lanka
Authors: Abeysekara D. S. , Samaraweera G. R. S. R. C.
Published: February 2022

Non-communicable diseases shorten the life expectancy and pave the way for an increase in the mortality and state of disabilities in humans while it has become a global challenge, with the present epidemic transition. Most of the lower and middle-income countries, including Sri Lanka, are currently giving priority to this issue in their respective health policies. The main objective of this research was to study socio-economic factors that affect the prevalence of non-communicable diseases among employed persons in general, with a special focus on two selected diseases. Micro-level secondary data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey of Sri Lanka 2016 was used for this study. The Logit regression models were used for data analysis with the dependent variables for the prevalence of non-communicable diseases, having diabetes, and blood pressure. The study has found that factors of age, being female, and being Indian Tamil persons, positively affected the occurrence of non-communicable diseases; while factors like living in the rural and estate sector, age square, being clerical workers, elementary workers, and agriculture workers affected it negatively. Profession-specific policies are further suggested to minimize the negative implications of non-communicable diseases in Sri Lanka.
A Study on Mutual Intelligibility between Romance Languages
Authors: Thotagamuwa T. J.
Published: February 2022

Romance languages are the modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin languages between the third and eighth centuries. This comes under a subgroup of Italic languages within the Indo-European language family. The five major and mostly spoken Romance languages all over the world are Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, and Romanian. The fundamental vocabularies of all the Romance languages were inherited from Latin. Besides, some words shared in Romance languages are not directly from the Latin inheritance, but they are words that were borrowed from the Celtic origin. The main intention of this research is to discover the similarities between the Romance languages not only in the morphological, syntactic, semantic, and phonetic basis but also the vocabulary variations in this language family. By the beginning of the 21st century, 920 million people claimed a Romance language as their mother tongue whilst 300 million people as a second language. In the current global context, at least one language of the Romance language family is studied by a significant number of divergent ethnic groups in different parts of the world. In such a period, where Romance languages are embraced by thousands, the study of linguistic characteristics in terms of mutual intelligibility of Romance languages provides the opportunity to identify the unique features interconnected with each language. Romance methods of forming unfamiliar words are also inherited from Latin origin. For instance, the suffix "-āre” in Latin morphology, which is a part of infinitives, has made the influence for languages such as French, Italian, and Catalan in making verbs. For example, the lexical form of “to plant” in Latin is “plantāre” and similarly “planter” in French, “plantare" in Italian, and “plantar” in Catalan. In conclusion, the Romance languages, which were originated from Latin, have more intelligibility even if they are considered as different languages of different regions at present.
Balance impairment and lower limbs strength in patients with COPD who fell in the previous year
Authors: Porto Elias F. , Castro Antonio A.M. , Fausto Daniela M , Kümpel Claudia , Brandão Ana Denise , De Lima Paula Bernardo , Fagundes Jordania C. , Zozimo Brenda
Published: February 2022

Fall-related causes in patients with COPD might be associated to functional balance impairments and greater disease severity. We aimed to evaluate the reasons for falls in patients with COPD who had presented any fall during the previous year. This is a cross-sectional study. All COPD’s GOLD classifications (mild, moderate, severe, and very severe) patients were recruited. In order to participate, patients ought to be clinically stable and without any exacerbation within 30 days prior to study entry. History of falls was self-reported by patients through an interview. Pre and post bronchodilator (salbutamol 400 μg) spirometry was performed. All patients accomplished postural balance tests such as the Berg Balance Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale-International, Time up and Go, Functional Reach test, Tinetti test and Chalder Scale; furthermore, lower limbs muscle strength (muscle dynamometry) and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) were assessed. Ninety-six patients with COPD were evaluated and divided into two groups stratified according to any positive history of falls in the previous year. Patients with COPD who had any fall in the previous year presented older age (p=0.01), higher BMI (p=0.04) and worse pulmonary function than those who did not fall. The risk of falls was increased in patients with lower muscle strength in the lower limbs (OR 2.9, CI 95%;1.6 to 3.9), age greater than 65 years (OR 2.7, CI 95%;1.3 to 3.4), BMI greater than 28.8 kg/m2 (OR 3.2, CI 95%;1.1 to 5.6), very severe airway obstruction (OR 3.9, CI 95%;2.2 to 3.9) and fatigue (OR 3.2, CI 95%;1.5 to 5.3). Impaired body balance, reduced lower limb strength, disease severity, presence of fatigue and elevated BMI are important factors for falls in patients with COPD.
TDT Positive High-Grade Lymphoma with Myc, BCL2 And BCL6 Rearrangements: a Review of Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Singh Aditi , Asghar Ishaq , Kohler Laura , Hakim Hosam , Snower Daniel , Lebovic Daniel
Published: February 2022

In the modern era, classification of neoplasms not only depends on immunomorphological features but also on specific disease defining genetic events. Translocations/rearrangements of MYC/8q24 locus in combination with BCL-2 or BCL6 translocations (double/triple hit) are considered hallmarks of high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL), a type of aggressive mature B-cell lymphoma. When cases with immature immunophenotype present with these rearrangements, establishment of diagnosis becomes very difficult. We herein report an unusual case of B-cell lymphoma that presented with immature morphology and immunophenotype with triple hit gene rearrangements. This case highlights the difficulty in classifying and appropriately treating these patients. The novel aspect of this case is the treatment and outcome with chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR T-cell therapy.  
Keywords: high-grade Lymphoma, TDT, MYC, BCL6.
Health literacy, behavioral and psychosocial characteristics in coronary artery patients
Authors: Ahcioglu Asuman , Yilmazel Gulay
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To investigate health literacy, behavioral and psychosocial characteristics in coronary artery patients.

Methods:

Between March 2019 and 2020 years, 275 coronary artery patients aged ≥50 years were included in the study. Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32 and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect the data.

Results:

General health literacy index score was 31.7 and the prevalence of limited health literacy was 59.3%. Adequate health literacy was 2.8 fold higher in the 50-64 age group, 3.1 fold higher among men, 3.4 fold higher among married and 5.3 fold higher among those who believed in the necessity of individual protective practices (P<0.05). Significant differences were also found in different working status, living places, perceived economic situation, perceived general health status, comorbidities, family history of coronary artery disease, angiography history, material skills on reading and understanding, level of depressive syptom, commitment to individual protective practices health check-ups, utilizing health services, cigarette and alcohol use, and exercise and nutrition between limited and adequate health literacy (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that adequate health literacy was significantly higher among younger patients (OR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.46-5.62), male gender (OR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.46-6.58), married (OR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.39-8.44) and those with belief in individual protective practices (OR: 5.3; 95% CI: 1.93-14.96).

Conclusions:

Health literacy is poor among coronary artery patients and behavioral and psychosocial variables differ with health literacy levels. To keep cardiovascular health among these patients, health literacy-based interventions should be adopted in coronary artery clinics, especially for risky population.
Acute and sub-acute toxicities of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium affine aerial parts in rats
Authors: Safaeian Leila , Zolfaghari Behzad , Haghighatian Zahra , Etebari Mahmoud , Nasirimoghadam Tahereh
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To assess the potential toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium affine (A. affine) aerial parts after acute and sub-acute administration in female and male Wistar rats.

Methods:

For acute toxicity assay, animals orally received the limit test dose of 2 000 mg/kg of A. affine extract and were observed for 2 weeks. For sub-acute toxicity study, rats were orally treated with 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day of the extract over 28 days, and hematological, biochemical, and histological evaluations were then conducted.

Results:

All rats were alive with normal body weight gain over 14 days, with LD50>2 000 mg/kg. No abnormality in body weight changes but significant increases in the relative weight of spleen and lung were detected after administration of the highest dose of extract for 28 days in sub-acute assay. Hematological analysis showed prominent elevations in total white blood cells in male rats and neutrophils count in female rats after exposure to 500 mg/kg of A. affine extract. In biochemical evaluations, significant increases in serum creatinine level (female rats, 250 and 500 mg/kg) and in aspartate aminotransferase (male and female rate, 500 mg/kg) and alanine aminotransferase (male, 250 and 500 mg/kg and female, 500 mg/kg) activities, however, notable decreases in serum blood glucose (male rats, 125 and 500 mg/kg), triglycerides (male rats, 500 mg/kg and female rates, 250 mg/kg), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (male, 250 mg/kg) were found. Histological examinations presented slight portal inflammation in liver tissue, moderate pneumocyte hyperplasia, congestion and peri-bronchial inflammation in lung tissue, and mild histiocytosis and lymphoid follicular activation in spleen tissue after exposure to 500 mg/kg of A. affine extract in male and female animals.

Conclusions:

The present investigation reveals the safety of A. affine extract at doses of lower than 250 mg/kg in rats and monitoring of lung, spleen, and liver functions is suggested during excessive and prolonged uses.
Resuscitative cardiac arrest during a Caesarean section-When every second counts
Authors: Hota Rabi Narayan , Singh Shalendra , Rathore Priyanka , Tripathi Neetika , Taank Priya
Published: February 2022

Rationale:

Cardiac pulmonary arrest is the most challenging and dreaded complication of neuraxial blockade.

Patient's concern:

A 21-year-old patient at 37 weeks of gestation, with previous lower segment Caesarean section pregnancy presented for elective Caesarean section.

Diagnosis:

Cardiac arrest after performing a subarachnoid block.

Intervention:

Maternal resuscitation.

Outcome:

Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved within 4-5 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A single live healthy male baby was delivered.

Lesson:

A careful preoperative evaluation, adequate preload, constant vigilant monitoring to recognize vasovagal response at the earliest, and immediate initiation of resuscitative measures play the most important role in saving the precious lives in case of pregnant patients undergoing Caesarean section under subarachnoid block.
Underactive urinary bladder – Masquerading as abdominal ascites
Authors: Bhardwaj Raghubir , Sinha Harish K.
Published: February 2022

An impaired ability to evacuate the urinary bladder is commonly seen in both men and women with aging. Usually, patients present with a range of storage, voiding, and post-micturition urinary symptoms. It may eventually lead to urinary retention. These symptoms may have a considerable effect on the patient’s quality of life. Despite its common prevalence with advancing age, the etiopathogenesis of the underactive urinary bladder is incompletely understood. There are no widely agreed diagnostic criteria. The urodynamic study (UDS), an invasive investigation is the only accepted modality to diagnose underactive detrusor. There is a lack of effective treatments to improve bladder emptying. The goals of treatment are to improve symptoms and reduce the risk for the complications of impaired bladder emptying. We report a case of a 73 year male who came to us with a history of urinary symptoms and a distended abdomen.
Oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary healthcare workers of Lucknow district: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Singh Omveer , Pradhan Devina , Sharma Lokesh , Srivastava Rahul
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Oral diseases are considered a public health problem due to their high prevalence. It is the primary concern of oral health educators to impart positive oral health knowledge and behavior in the society. Health workers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) toward oral health to a great extent influence the community as they can extend health education at the first contact in the community. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of health care workers.

Material and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards oral health among health care workers. The study was conducted among health care workers aged between 20 and 60 years working in Primary Healthcare Centres and Community Healthcare Centres of Lucknow district. Informed consent was obtained from health care workers before the start of the study. The data were collected via a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics-version 21.

Results:

The results of the study showed that 70.2% of the respondents ever visited the dentist due to somereason of which 19.2% visited once in a year. In addition, 38.9% of the respondents were daily smokers of which the majority belonged to the age group 20–40 years. A total of 63.9% of the respondents were daily chewable tobacco users, and 12.4% were routine users of alcohol.

Conclusion:

The present study gives a brief insight into the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices of health care workers which were of fair degree.
HELLP Syndrome and COVID-19; association or accident: A case series
Authors: Madaan Sparsh , Talwar Dhruv , Kumar Sunil , Jaiswal Arpita , Acharya Neema , Acharya Sourya
Published: February 2022

Partial Hemolysis, elevation of liver enzymes and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome is a leading cause of maternal mortality. With the exceeding spread of COVID-19, leading to increasing number of COVID-19 infected cases there has been a emergence of an overlap of COVID-19 with HELLP Syndrome. Multiple factors are associated with the thrombocytopenia witnessed in COVID-19 somewhat similar to what is witnessed in preeclampsia and HELLP Syndrome. We Describe a case series of two ante natal cases who presented with a picture of HELLP syndrome and upon investigations turned out to be COVID-19 thus trying to establish an association between the two.
COVID 19 Pandemic and biomedical waste management practices in healthcare system
Authors: Mondal Ramkrishna , Mishra Siddharth , Pillai Jawahar S. K. , Sahoo Mukunda C.
Published: February 2022

The whole world was shaken with the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in end of the year 2019. Due to its novel origin, it was required to follow all precautions possible. Dealing with the massive amount of infectious healthcare waste became an enormous challenge. This review identifies the impacts of the pandemic on biomedical waste management. This systematic review was made by using keywords “biomedical waste” and “COVID 19” in open access databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholers etc. 2124 articles downloaded and 765 found duplicate and 634 not related to the topic. after scrutiny with inclusion criteria 102 articles were considered to analyze the practices related to biomedical waste management during pandemic using PRISMA guideline.. The COVID-19 waste segregation, collection, storage, transportation, and disposal are a big challenge with all stakeholders. In order to control the virus spread, strict monitoring of the complete waste management cycle is required. Adoption of appropriate guidelines is paramount to worker safety and containment of infection. Sustainable recycling methods are needed to deal with the ever-increasing plastic waste resulting from mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE) usage. The situation also demands a rethinking of the healthcare system. Overall, there was an increase in BMW generation, and municipal waste had increased globally. Pandemic preparedness requires a global public health strategy and long-term investments. This will be vital for making a robust community capable enough to fight against any public health pressures in the future, as well as the pandemic tremors. Systematized efforts from all stakeholders, at all levels, not only refines epidemic preparation but also helps to attain a sustainable development of health for a healthier future.
Epidemio-toxicological profile and reasons for fatal suicidal poisoning: A record-based study in South India
Authors: Chaudhari Vinod Ashok , Das Siddhartha , Sahu Swaroop Kumar , Devnath Gerard Pradeep , Chandra Ankit
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Poisoning is the second frequent cause of suicide in India. To plan an effective intervention and awareness program, it is essential to know the sociodemographic profile, pattern, and reasons for suicide. Objective: We conducted this study to find the sociodemographic profile, pattern, and reasons for fatal suicidal poisoning.

Methods:

We conducted a record-based study in a tertiary hospital in Puducherry. We reviewed autopsies conducted between January 2010 and December 2014 for fatal suicidal poisoning. We extracted data using a data collection sheet for age, gender, marital status, occupation, residence, the reason for suicide, time of injury, time of death. We entered data in Microsoft Excel, and we did a descriptive analysis by using R software version.

Results:

We reviewed 3996 medicolegal autopsies, out of which 595 cases were of fatal suicidal poisoning. The mean age of the cases was 35.8 years (SD-14.6). The majority of the cases were married (74.8%) for 20–30 years (31.8%). Most of the victims were agriculture workers (22.2%), lived in a rural setting (84.4%), died during the daytime (61.2%), and in the summer season (54.5%). The most common poison used was organophosphates (48.7%), and the most common reason was family problems (30.2%). The median survival time (h) for the cases (n = 564) was 45.8 h (IQR: 16.4 to 110.6).

Conclusion:

We found fatal suicidal poisoning was common among males, young adults, married, agriculture workers/laborers, and in a rural setting. The findings help plan an effective intervention for suicide prevention in India.
The relationship between HbA1c and cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with coronary angioplasty: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Adel Seyed Mohammad Hassan , Seyedian Masoud , Nourizadeh Mehdi
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Re-establishment of coronary artery blood flow in diabetic patients has always been a controversial issue in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Due to the importance of this issue and the increase in mortality due to heart disease, the present study was performed to determine the relationship between HbA1C and cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with coronary angioplasty referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz.

Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 114 patients were enrolled in a census study that was followed for 3 to 6 months. Data was collected by a checklist and by the researcher using the patient’s medical record. Then it was analyzed by SPSS 22 software and descriptive statistics.

Results:

There was no significant relationship between age, gender, family history of diabetes, family history of heart disease, duration of diabetes, stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure with HbA1c (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between the type of coronary angioplasty, hypertension, and heart block with HbA1c (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

According to the results of this study, there was a significant relationship between the type of coronary angioplasty, hypertension, and heart block with HbA1c; thus HbA1c should be better controlled in diabetic patients who decide to have angioplasty.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in patients at a teaching hospital of northern India over a period of 8 years
Authors: Bansal Yashik , Singla Nidhi , Garg Karan , Sharma Geetanjali , Gill Meenakshi , Chander Jagdish
Published: February 2022

Background:

Considering the diverse socio-economic and demographic factors in a vast country like India, it is important to study the long-term trends of hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses. This study describes their seroprevalence and long-term trends in a tertiary care center of North India.

Methods:

The present retrospective observational study was conducted over a period of 8 years (January 2011–December 2018). Serological testing was done for detecting IgM antibodies against HAV and HEV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

A total of 5319 samples were received during the study period, of which 903 (16.9%) were reactive for anti-HAV IgM antibodies and 795 (14.9%) were reactive for anti-HEV IgM antibodies. Majority of the cases occurred from June to October while HEV cases had a constant presence during the later years. Among HAV group, 534 (59.1%) were children, 336 (37.2%) were adults, and 33 (3.7%) were pregnant females. In HEV group, 632 (79.5%) were adults, 114 (14.3%) were pregnant females, whereas only 49 (6.2%) were children. Among those who were co-infected (n = 87), 48 (55.2%) were adults, 22 (25.3%) were pregnant females, and the rest 17 (19.5%) were children.

Conclusions:

The shift in seroprevalence toward adults, along with an increasing trend of the number of cases reporting to the hospital, warrants active surveillance of HAV. Similarly, screening protocols for HEV should be set up as part of the antenatal management for early detection of the cases among pregnant females.
Isolated vertigo in a young male, HINTS examination and vertebral artery dissection in emergency department – A case report
Authors: Sahu Ankit Kumar , Shrimal Prawal , Ekka Meera , Amrithanand V T , Nayer Jamshed , Aggarwal Praveen
Published: February 2022

Vertigo is not an uncommon presenting symptom in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) and primary physician’s clinic, and around one-tenth of these patients have a central cause, i.e., posterior circulation stroke. HINTS, the acronym for head impulse (HI) test, nystagmus (N), and test of skew (TS), is a neurological examination utilized for differentiating a peripheral cause of vertigo from a sinister central cause. It is a simple, easy-to-do, inexpensive, and less time-consuming test. Here, we present a 27-year young male case without any known comorbidity or trauma, presented to the ED, with complaints of sudden onset isolated vertigo for 2 hours. HINTS examination pointed towards a central cause (normal head impulse test and direction-changing nystagmus). Other neurological and systemic examinations were normal. Non-contrast computed tomography of the brain was normal. Further, computed tomography angiography of head and neck vessels was performed, showing left vertebral artery dissection (VAD). The patient’s neurological status deteriorated in the next 8 hours. The patient underwent decompressive craniotomy and got discharged after two weeks. Early performance of the HINTS examination by the primary care physicians and emergency physicians lead to early diagnosis and treatment of this common cause of posterior circulation stroke in young patients. Essential take-home points are the importance of the HINTS test and not to forget VAD as a cause of isolated vertigo without any neck manipulation or trauma.
The untold saga of chromotherapy in dentistry
Authors: Sindhuja DSV , Bhateja Sumit , Sharma Meenakshi , Arora Geetika S.
Published: February 2022

Being a centuries-old concept and used successfully over years, chromotherapy is the method of treating diseases using coloured food, coloured clothing, colour saturated oils, coloured water and visible spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. The basis of chromotherapy depends on the fact that illness is caused by an imbalance in the basic chakras of the body. Colour therapy rebalances the chakras using specific colours. Being a part of complementary and alternative medicine systems, it proves to be effective for various systems of the body and affects neurohormonal pathways. Based on the available literature, this review documents the scientific evolution of colour therapy in medicine and dentistry and its various applications. Future studies will establish exactly how chromotherapy promotes wellbeing, owing to technical advancements and the scientific approach. Till then, it is a low-cost, non-invasive treatment option that is worth a go.
Demand of COVID-19 medicines without prescription among community pharmacies in Jodhpur, India: Findings and implications
Authors: Dutta Siddhartha , Kaur Rimple J. , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Ambwani Sneha , Godman Brian , Jha Pallavi A. , Sukhija Sanchi , Venkatesh Suman S. , Lugova Halyna , Islam Salequl , Charan Jaykaran , Haque Mainul
Published: February 2022

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic led to increased self-medication of antimicrobials, vitamins, and immune boosters among the common people and consuming without prescription can lead to adverse consequences including antimicrobial resistance.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on community pharmacies in Jodhpur, India. They were inquired regarding the prescription and increased sales (<25%, 25—50%, 50--75%, or 75--100%) of various medicines (Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Ivermectin, and Vitamin C) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between requests for certain COVID-19 medications and an increase in their sale.

Results:

A total of 204 pharmacies took part, and 88.23% reported patients to approach them without prescriptions. Most of the pharmacies revealed that <25% of patients came without prescription. The majority came for azithromycin (68%) and vitamin C (92%). Increased sales of the four targeted medications were seen by 85.92% of pharmacies compared to last year. A majority (51.5%) reported <25% increased sales of azithromycin, but no change in the sale of hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin. However, 39.6% reported >75% increase in vitamin C sales.

Conclusion:

There was an increase in the demand for COVID-19 medications without prescription. This study was unable to detect a significant increase in sales of antimicrobials, which is encouraging.
Practice in child restraint system use among attendees of Well-baby clinics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albishi Alyaa M. , Alshaikh Roaa A. , Alsulami Aisha A. , Bardisi Wedad M. , Alqurashi Dhai A.
Published: February 2022

Background:

The systematic use of child restraint system (CRS) while driving has been promoted by the WHO to improve road safety.

Objectives:

To assess the levels of practice in CRS use for children aged ≤5 years among mothers attending the Well-baby clinics and to explore the associated factors and attitudes.

Methods and Material:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers visiting the Well-baby clinics at five primary health care centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using a multistage stratified-cluster sampling. Practice in CRS was assessed by interviewing the participants regarding the availability of a CRS in their car, usage frequency for a child <5 years, and alternative child-sitting methods. Sociodemographic data, further road safety parameters, and attitudes were analyzed as independent factors of adequate practice using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

Of the 192 included mothers, eight (4.2%) had a history of accident while driving with a child. Majority of the participants (62.5%) declared not having their cars equipped with a CRS and used inappropriate car-sitting methods. Of the 37.5% who had CRS in their cars, 27.1% declared using it always or frequently. Adequate practice in CRS was independently associated with mother’s age (OR = 0.91, P = 0.09), low (OR = 0.10, P = 0.001) and moderate family income (OR = 0.23, P = 0.012), and the belief that CRS is not essential while driving with children (0.32, P = 0.023).

Conclusions:

There is inadequate practice in child road safety among families attending the Well-baby clinics in Western Saudi Arabia, which is associated with several misconceptions and negative attitudes towards the utility of CRS.
Study on morbidity pattern among elderly in urban area of Barpeta, Assam, India
Authors: Pathak Giridhar , Kalita Debadeep , Deka Bipul
Published: February 2022

Background:

Degenerative diseases most commonly affect the elderly. The management of these chronic diseases is also very expensive, thereby making it out-of-pocket expenditure for elderly persons. As the elderly population is likely to increase in the future, the concept of active and healthy aging needs to be promoted among the elderly.

Objectives:

To estimate the morbidity pattern of the elderly in an urban population of Barpeta, and to evaluate the different morbidity patterns of the young old and old old.

Methods:

The study was conducted in eight urban wards of Barpeta town using multistage sampling. From the urban wards, 150 elderly persons were selected according to proportionate to the size of the urban wards. Pretested and predesigned proforma was used to assess the morbidity pattern of the elderly.

Result:

Most of the system disorders were almost equally distributed among elderly males and females. Most common disorders were diseases of the eye and adnexa (46%) followed endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic (37.3%) diseases, and disease of the circulatory system (34.7%). Diseases of the respiratory system (10.1%) and genitourinary system (10.1%) were more common in males, whereas cataract (29.6%) and hearing impairment (9.9%) were more common in females.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of morbidity increases with increasing age. Early detection of morbidities among elderly and timely referral to secondary or tertiary care facilities by enhancing the capacity of primary health care providers are required to promote active and healthy aging.
Acute management of COVID-19 in the emergency department: An evidence-based review
Authors: Abhilash Kundavaram P. P. , David Sandeep , St Joseph Emma V. , Peter John V.
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been relentlessly battering the world wave after wave in different countries at different rates and times. Emergency departments (EDs) around the globe have had to constantly adapt to this ever-changing influx of information and recommendations by various national and international health agencies. This review compiles the available evidence on the guidelines for triaging, evaluation, and management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 presenting to the ED and in need of emergency resuscitation. The quintessential components of resuscitation focus on airway, breathing, and circulation with good supportive care as the cornerstone of acute management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Irrational investigations and therapeutics must be avoided during these times of medical uncertainty and antibiotic stewardship should be diligently followed.
Contribution of community health care volunteers in facilitating mobilization for diabetes and hypertension screening among the general population residing in urban puducherry – An operational research study
Authors: Rajaa Sathish , Sahu Swaroop Kumar , Thulasingam Mahalakshmi
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have contributed to almost half of the global disease burden. Many countries have experimented with Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) to provide necessary care for NCDs. We aimed at evaluating the contribution of CHVs in mobilizing adults for the Diabetes and Hypertension screening in a selected Primary Health Centre (PHC) of Puducherry, India.

Methodology:

A community-based operational research study was conducted, where five volunteers from each of the 13 anganwadis functioning under the PHC were chosen as study participants. They were interviewed before enrolment for willingness. Four batches of sensitization and training sessions were conducted to provide the necessary training. CHVs were then given 3 months to mobilize the individuals for NCD screening. This model was evaluated using the Theoretical underpinning technique.

Results:

Of the total 85 CHVs suggested, around 65 (76.5%) showed willingness for rendering services. Approximately 32 (49.2%) discontinued during the initial weeks of the intervention due to various reasons. The remaining CHVs could reach 363/1470 (24.7%), eligible individuals, among them, 303 (83.5) were convinced to visit the health centre for screening. From the total members who were screened, approximately 52 (17%) and 31 (10%) were diagnosed to have diabetes and hypertension respectively and were initiated on treatment as per national guidelines.

Conclusion:

About half of the CHVs who volunteered, remained till the end and effectively contributed to a screening of NCDs. The involved volunteers aided in improvising the NCD coverage under the PHC.
Epidemic in pandemic: Fungal sinusitis in COVID-19
Authors: Arora Ripu Daman , Nagarkar Nitin M. , Sasanka K. S. B. S. Krishna , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Mehta Rupa , Satpute Satish S. , Chakravarty Sharmistha , Keche Archana , Aggarwal Aakash , TY Sree Sudha
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To describe the clinical pattern of invasive fungal sinusitis in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 cases.

Methods:

All patients affected by COVID-19 or having a history of COVID-19 infection with an invasive fungal lesion (mucormycosis/aspergillosis) of the paranasal sinuses, orbit, palate, brain, lung, skin/cheek, and dental has been evaluated for possible description in tertiary care hospital in May 2021.

Results:

Twenty-four patients presented with clinical signs and symptoms of fungal infection with a history of COVID-19. Paranasal sinuses were involved in all patients. Palatal involvement was seen in seven cases. Intraorbital extension was seen in 13 cases. Intracerebral involvement was seen in three cases. Comorbid type 2 diabetes was seen in 20 patients. The use of steroids was noticed in 16 cases. Our observation revealed that uncontrolled diabetes, overuse of steroids, increased ferritin levels, and low hemoglobin percentage are the main factors aggravating mucormycosis.
Knowledge and attitude of young population toward CPR training, results from largest training session in an official attempt to enter Guinness Book of Records: A cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gaafar Rehab M. , Khan Abdulmajeed S. , Elmorsy Soha
Published: February 2022

Objective:

It has been proved that bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) saves lives and it is important to rise the willingness of the general population to help cardiac arrest victims. The primary objective of the present study is to assess the levels of the knowledge and attitude toward CPR among the young population who underwent the largest CPR training session in an official attempt to enter the Guinness Book of Records.

Methods:

Through a cross-sectional design, the study had 2,528 subjects, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the largest CPR training session at the King Abdul-Aziz Sports City Stadium, Makkah city, Saudi Arabia.

Results:

Descriptive statistics showed that two-thirds (72%) of the subjects were in the age category of less than 20 years. At least 50% of the subjects had a Bachelor’s degree. Overall, the findings of this study suggested a good level of knowledge and attitude against CPR and this is might be attributed to certain factors which are mainly the high level of education, age, and gender factors (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our findings support the need for proper and high-quality training for each member in the community about CPR as well as using social media and online training to highlight the importance of CPR among the young population.
Adjacent segment pathology of the cervical spine: A case report
Authors: Chu Eric C. P. , Lee Linda Y. K.
Published: February 2022

Adjacent segment pathology (ASP) refers to degenerative changes at segments immediately contiguous to previous spinal fusion. Its pathophysiology is hypothesized as being possibly due to altered biomechanical stresses on adjacent levels following spinal fusion or due to patient propensity to develop progressive degenerative change. This case report describes a 61-year-old female who presented with neck pain and cervical radiculopathy attributed to an anterior cervical discectomy and spinal fusion performed for degenerative disc disease 30 years earlier. ASP was seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiograph. Treatment consisted of cervical manipulation, soft-tissue mobilization, flexion-distraction decompression, and therapeutic ultrasound to release restriction and restore muscle strength. Following 34 sessions of chiropractic intervention, her symptoms were resolved. Patients with ASP will have ongoing shared care between general practitioners and secondary or tertiary care pain units. This report aims to build a shared understanding from the wider vision of ASP and help primary practitioners to manage ASP effectively.