bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking water quality with amphibian breeding and development: a case study comparing natural ponds and Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in East Kilbride, Scotland
Authors: Bird R.J. , Paterson E. , Downie J.R. , Mable B.K.
Published: July 2020

Amphibians have declined due to habitat loss and alteration. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) provide potential habitat for amphibians in urban landscapes. However, the contaminants they accumulate may cause increased pollutant exposure, and limited research has addressed whether differences in water quality between SuDS and natural ponds might restrict their use by amphibians. This study aimed to explore the effects of water quality on amphibian breeding and development in SuDS and natural ponds in East Kilbride, Scotland. A generalised linear modelling approach was employed to determine sources of variation in common frog (Rana temporaria) breeding and development in relation to pond size, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chlorophyll and heavy metal concentrations. Key findings included that EC indicative of salt pollution was higher in SuDS than natural ponds, amphibians bred in both site types, but frog spawn clump densities were lower in SuDS, and tadpole development rates were higher in SuDS sites but decreased when aluminium concentrations exceeded concentrations those of surface water standards. However, pond desiccation was a significant element in the 2018 study year. It was concluded that natural ponds and SuDS varied in water quality but were important in supporting amphibian populations. However, water quality might influence amphibian development more than breeding attempts; implications and management recommendations are highlighted based on these observations.
Infectious disease threats to amphibian conservation
Authors: Cunningham A.A.
Published: July 2020

The unexplained decline of amphibian populations across the world was first recognised in the late 20th century. When investigated, most of these “enigmatic” declines have been shown to be due to one of two types of infectious disease: ranavirosis caused by infection with FV3-like ranavirus or with common midwife toad virus, or chytridiomycosis caused by infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis or B. salamandrivorans. In all cases examined, infection has been via the human-mediated introduction of the pathogen to a species or population in which it has not naturally co-evolved. While ranaviruses and B. salamandrivorans have caused regionally localised amphibian population declines in Europe, the chytrid fungus, B. dendrobatidis, has caused catastrophic multi-species amphibian population declines and species extinctions globally. These diseases have already caused the loss of amphibian biodiversity, and over 40% of known amphibian species are threatened with extinction. If this biodiversity loss is to be halted, it is imperative that regulations are put in place – and enforced – to prevent the spread of known and yet-to-be discovered amphibian pathogens. Also, it is incumbent on those who keep or study amphibians to take measures to minimise the risk of disease spread, including from captive animals to those in the wild.
Special Autonomy Law and Education Attainment in West Papua: A Quasi-Experiment Analysis
Authors: Ariyanda Tiara , Arifyani Devita
Published: July 2020

West Papua was granted Special Autonomy status in 2008 as mandated by Government Regulation No.1/2008. Special Autonomy Law has granted more or less than 30 percent of education Special Autonomy Funds for West Papua. Thus, this study evaluates the impact of Special Autonomy Law on education attainment in Indonesia. We use panel data sets of 33 regions in Indonesia that covers the period of 2001 to 2018. We employ quasi-experiment analysis, specifically the Difference-in-difference (DID) analysis in evaluating before and after effect of Special Autonomy Law in West Papua. We further develop fixed-effect model (FEM) panel data analysis in understanding the impact of Special Autonomy Law on education by controlling socioeconomic and demographic variables. DID analysis in this study suggests that Special Autonomy Law appears to worsen education attainment in West Papua. This study further found that despite positive and significant effect of education spending share on education attainment, it appears that the realization of education spending in West Papua is relatively low.

Keywords: Special Autonomy Law, Education Attainment, Education Spending Share, DID, FEM
PROBLEMATIKA KONSEP BENTUK BUMI DAN UPAYA MENCARI TITIK TEMUNYA DALAM PENENTUAN ARAH KIBLAT
Authors: Akbar Reza , Mustaqim Riza Afrian
Published: July 2020

Salah satu isu sains yang sedang berkembang akhir-akhir ini adalah perdebatan antara penganut teori Bumi bulat (sferis dan ellipsoid) dan penganut teori Bumi datar (flat earth). Persoalan ini menjadi masalah yang sangat serius karena masing-masing pihak tidak hanya menunjukkan bukti ilmiah, tetapi juga menggunakan dalil al-Quran dan hadis untuk memperkuat argumentasi mereka. Dari segi sains, penganut Bumi datar memberikan argumentasi bantahan terhadap teori Bumi bulat seperti tidak terlihatnya lengkungan Bumi berdasarkan eksperimen Samuel Robotham, klaim yang menyatakan bahwa NASA merekayasa foto Bumi dan satelit adalah kebohongan semata, tidak adanya grafitasi, kutub utara merupakan pusat Bumi dan lain-lain. Sedangkan dari segi nash syar’i, para ahli tafsir pun berbeda pendapat tentang bagaimana bentuk Bumi sebenarnya. Apa yang dikemukakan oleh penganut flat earth pun selanjutnya ditanggapi oleh penganut Bumi bulat dengan sejumlah argumentasi ilmiahnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yang bertujuan mendeskrpsikan problematika teori Bumi bulat dan Bumi datar dan menjelaskan upaya mencari titik temunya dalam penentuan arah kiblat. Dari problematika tersebut, diajukanlah sebuah metode penentuan arah kiblat yang diduga bebas dari pengaruh bentuk Bumi, apakah datar atau bulat yaitu rashdul kiblat tahunan.
PERVIVENCIA DE ELEMENTOS ROMÁNTICOS EN LA OBRA NATURALISTA DE ALEJANDRO SAWA
Authors: Puebla Isla Consuelo
Published: July 2020

Sin información.
OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF DESTRUCTIVE FORMS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Lykhman V. N. , Tkach S. V. , Shevchenko A. N. , Merkulov A. A. , Osmanov R. R. , Volchenko I. V. , Miroshnichenko D. A.
Published: July 2020

Summary. Objective — increasing the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment in patients with destructive forms of pancreatitis.

Materials and methods. 89 patients with acute destructive pancreatitis were examined. There were 37 men (41,5 %), 52 women (58,4 %). The average age of patients ranged from 28 to 64 years. In order to objectively assess the severity of the inflammatory process in the pancreas and surrounding tissues, organs of the abdominal cavity, clinical and biochemical studies were used, as well as high-tech methods such as ultrasound examination with dopplerometry, computed tomography.

Results. According to ultrasound, the edematous form of acute pancreatitis was diagnosed in 22 (27,4 %) patients during the examination, fatty pancreatic necrosis was diagnosed in 19 (21,3 %) patients. Hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis was found in 31 (34,8 %) patients, mixed in 17 (19,1 %) patients. The study revealed the main etiological factors of the disease, while in 63 (70,8 %) patients the cause of acute pancreatitis was biliary pathology, alcohol etiology occurred in 17 (19,1 %) patients, and 9 (10,1 %)) - she had a post-traumatic character. Computed tomography was performed in cases of doubt in the data of ultrasound examination, especially in patients with overweight, and for the purpose of differential diagnosis in 23 (25,8 %) patients.

Conclusions. Acute destructive forms of pancreatitis have a polymorphic echography picture. Ultrasound diagnostics and computed tomography should be mandatory elements of the diagnostic algorithm for various forms of acute destructive pancreatitis. The diagnostic accuracy of these non-invasive methods in verification of acute destructive pancreatitis and its complications as a whole was 92,8 %. A decrease in the level of postoperative complications and mortality associated with a decrease in the progression of pancreatic necrosis because of suppression of pancreatic secretion.
OPTIMIZATION OF TREATMENT OF TROPHIC ULCERS BY VACUUM EXTRACTION
Authors: Veligotsky N. N. , Trushin A. S. , Seroshtanov A. I. , Bugakov I. E. , Sheptukha A. A. , Boev V. M.
Published: July 2020

Summary. Goal — optimization of treatment of patients with trophic ulcers

Materials and methods: data on the treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities in 66 patients by vacuum extraction (VE) are presented.

Results and discussion: the effectiveness of the method for the treatment of complications of varicose disease, reducing the healing time of wounds compared to traditional methods of treatment is shown. The advantages and features of the method are described

Conclusions: The main goals of VE in CVI are to stop or reduce the clinical manifestations of CVI, to heal a trophic ulcer, and to prepare for surgery. In some patients, radical surgery cannot be performed. Therefore, periodic courses of VE is the main method of treatment for them. The combination of VE and traditional methods can improve the quality of life and reduce the time of preparing the patient for surgery.
TECHNOLOGIES OF PROSTHETIC PLASTY OF STRANGULATED HERNIA
Authors: Shepetko E. N. , Koshman I. S. , Yanyuk S. V. , Muzychuk B. I. , Azarenkov A. V.
Published: July 2020

Summary. Surgical treatment of hernia with the use of prosthetic plasty methods is a pressing problem of modern surgery and herniology. The use of mesh implants for strangulated hernias needs further development and improvement.

Material and methods. 375 strangulated hernias of various localization were subjected to analysis (12.8 % of all hernias (2926) for the period 2005-2018), of which inguinal — 138 (36.8 %), femoral — 31 (8.3 %), umbilical — 112 (29.9 %), white line of the abdomen — 31 (8.3 %), postoperative — 63 (16.8 %). Autohernioplasty was performed in 134 (35.7 %), prosthetic plasty — in 241 (64.3 %) (on lay — 5, sub lay — 121, in lay — 7, Liechtenstein’s operation - 102).

Results. For the periods 2005-2010. and 2011-2018. the relative amount of autohernioplasty decreased 2.6 times (from 57.3 % to 22.4 %) (p <0.0001, χ2 = 32.605), and prosthetic plasty increased 1.8 times (from 42.7 % to 77.6 %) (p <0.0001, χ2 = 59.784). The resection of the intestine was performed when the hernia was strangulated in 31 cases, and in with autohernioplasty - in 17 cases (54.8 %) and allohernioplasty - in 14 (45.2 %). Opportunities for the use of a mesh implant, even with bowel resection, were found in 45.2 % of patients. Postoperative mortality was 0.53 % (2 patients).

Conclusion. 1. The use of mesh implants for strangulated hernias is characterized by an increase in the frequency of their use by a factor of 1.8. 2. When resecting the intestine for strangulated hernia, prosthetic plasty can be performed in 45.2 % of patients. 3. The developed technologies of implant fixation at reference points, the use of two-layer prosthetic plasty can reduce the number of relapses and improve the results of surgical treatment of strangulated abdominal wall hernia.
MODIFIED METHODS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT REST OF THE RECT
Authors: Kryvoruchko I. A. , Sorokina I. V. , Parkhomenko K. Y. , Firsik T. N. , Bozhko A. P.
Published: July 2020

Summary. The use of mini-invasive technologies for the treatment of rectal fistula prevents many postoperative complications. Complete excision of the rectal fistula is not the only important result of treatment. Ensuring a high quality of life for patients is also very important. The proposed methods of surgical correction are a significant addition to the list of existing operations.

Objective. To compare and analyze the results of the treatment patients with anal fistula by using standard techniques, the modified method LIFT and excision anal fistula with biowelding.

Materials and methods. A retro- and prospective study of the surgical treatment of 90 patients with uncomplicated transsphincteric anal fistula using different techniques from September 2018 to February 2020 was conducted.

Results. The introduction of these methods has shown a decrease in the number of relapses. This was achieved by combining complete excision of the fistula tract and minimal damage to the sphincter complex.

Conclusion. The use of combined methods of surgical treatment of rectal fistula has significant advantages over standard techniques.
Editorial
Authors: Mukherjee Jenia
Published: July 2020

Editorial Introduction to the Special Section.
Fluid Epistemologies
Authors: Mukherjee Jenia , Ghosh Pritwinath
Published: July 2020

By using the term “fluid”, this article critically interrogates western ontologies of “solid” (land) and “liquid” (flowing waters), which were transplanted in colonial South Asia and transmitted in post-Independence river/water policies and actions with severe socio-ecological implications. Drawing lessons from recent environmental history and political ecology of water (“hydrosocial”) literature that shed light on liminal scapes beyond the mainstream land/water binary in hydrological studies, this study conceptualizes “fluidscapes” by drawing on field research in the river islands (chars) of Lower Bengal. By capturing snippets of livelihoods in the chars of the Malda and Murshidabad districts, West Bengal, situated upstream and downstream of the Farakka Barrage respectively, this article advances why and how it is imperative to rethink sediment beyond its physical-geomorphological existence and to see it as social sites of interactions. It unravels avenues through which chars can be perceived as not only emblems of uncertainty but also as zones of possibility bestowed with rich ecosystem services and the collective resilience of choruas.
Administrative Burdens in Health Policy
Authors: Herd Pamela , Moynihan Donald
Published: July 2020

The US healthcare system is enormously complex, begetting a seemingly endless array of bureaucratic obstacles that make it both costly and difficult to navigate for users. We apply the administrative burden framework to three particular aspects of health policy: the Affordable Care Act (ACA), Medicaid, and Medicare. The applications are more illustrative than definitive, intended to demonstrate that administrative burdens play a key and underappreciated role in how policies are implemented, sometimes deliberately so. The following claims arise from our framework. First, burdens are consequential – they make a difference in our lives, most obviously in terms of access to healthcare. Second, administrative burdens are distributive: some groups, like the poor, are more burdened than others. Third, burdens are a function of political and administrative choices, constructed via processes of both policy design and implementation.
Equity-Efficiency Tradeoff: The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program and Disparities in Outcomes among Vulnerable Medicare Heart Failure Patients in Pennsylvania
Authors: de Lancer Julnes Patria , Choi Sung W.
Published: July 2020

The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), a penalty-based pay for performance policy mandated by the 2010 Affordable Care Act, aims to improve health care quality for seniors and cut costs by avoiding readmissions but may disproportionally affect disadvantaged populations. Our study using patient-level survival analysis of data on outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries age 65 years and older who were discharged with heart failure from Pennsylvania inpatient prospective payment systems hospitals from 2010 to 2015, confirm that risk -adjusted readmissions have decreased but the likelihood of mortality has increased for some patients. Non-White heart patients and those living in lower income areas had higher risk of readmission within 30-day and one-year of discharge. Patients living in lower income areas also had a higher risk of mortality than those in more affluent communities. Findings suggest unintended consequences and the need for policy makers and administrators to address the social determinants of health.
NEW PSEUDAMNICOLA SPECIES OF TURKEY (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: HYDROBIIDAE)

Authors: Glöer Peter , Gürlek Mustafa Emre , Kara Cemil
Published: July 2020

New samples of freshwater molluscs collected by the second author in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey revealed three new species of the genus Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878, i.e., P. goksunensis  n. sp., P. merali  n. sp., and P. marashi n. sp. Descriptions and photos of the species as well as the type localities are presented.
MARA-VIJAYA OF THE BUDDHA: A CASE STUDY OF BUDDHIST ART FROM PENINSULAR INDIA
Authors: Kumari Sabita
Published: July 2020

This paper is an attempt to study the verbal discourses in general and visual depictions of Peninsular India in particular related to the theme of Mara-vijaya of the Buddha. It closely studies the panels depicted Mara’s attack and the great victory of the Buddha from
various sites of Peninsular India
REORIENTING MANAGEMENT EDUCATION TO MEET CORPORATE EXPECTATIONS
Authors: Gupta Jasmine
Published: July 2020

Management Education in India has come of age. The focus of management education is to serve twin purposes, one, to provide a functional and vocational orientation to the management students by preparing them mentally and technically for their careers. The second aim is to provide a general management education based on humanities, social sciences and ethics. However, since the last decade the forces of globalization, deregulation, open competition, privatization and technological change that have made a profound impact on society and business should also affect the context in which business education takes place in the next decade. Furthermore, global businesses call for management talents with global decision-making and executive capability. The pertinent question in such a scenario is whether our management institutions are really grooming the type of managers required by the corporate or not. Thus it is very important to understand the expectations of corporate from business schools because these schools are almost like laboratories incubating the future managers who would lead our future organizations. Thus B-schools would need to introspect and re-examine the roles they are performing at present, and reorient their focus for a large perspective. The objective of the paper 'Reorienting Management Education to meet Corporate Expectations' is to highlight the current situation of management education in India and focus on the point that business schools should reorient their management education approach to enhance the competencies of their managers to meet corporate expectations.
Breast cancer identification based on artificial intelligent system
Authors: Silman Hassan Khalil , Ali Akbas Ezaldeen
Published: July 2020

Worldwide, breast cancer causes a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis is important for treatment, but high-density breast tissues are difficult to analyze. Computer-assisted identification systems were introduced to classify by fine-needle aspirates FNA with features that better represent the images to be classified as a major challenge. This work is fully automated, and it does not require any manual intervention from the user. In this analysis, various texture definitions for the portrayal of breast tissue density on mammograms are examined in addition to contrasting them with other techniques. We have created an algorithm that can be divided into three classes: fatty, fatty-glandular, and dense-glandular. The suggested system works in a spatial-related domain and it results in extreme immunity to noise and background area, with a high rate of precision.
Adaptation de la formation en communication aux nouveaux métiers
Authors: EL MENDILI Soumaya
Published: July 2020

Un des problèmes qui se pose actuellement dans nos formations universitaires est la non adaptation des contenus aux besoins du marché de l'emploi. Les conséquences de ce problême se résument comme suit : « Des universités qui ne répondent pas aux besoins du marché de l'emploi », « Des étudiants perdant leurs temps dans des filiêres qui ne correspondent pas a leur attentes » et « Des entreprises qui ne trouvent pas des profils adaptés a leurs besoins », etc. De ce fait nous allons nous retrouvés avec des nouveaux diplômés ne possédant forcement pas toutes les compétences, les connaissances et les qualités personnelles dont les entreprises ont besoin.
Ce problême est rendu encore plus difficile par l'évolution des métiers surtout dans l'univers de la communication avec l'apparition des technologies de l'information et de la communication, puisque des nouveaux besoins se découvrent au fil du temps. Par conséquent  « comment nous pourrons définir le contour des métiers dans le domaine de la  communication avec l'apparition de nouvelles exigences et nouveaux besoins ? ».
Toutes ces réflexions nous poussent à  dire que les deux institutions « université » et « entreprise » doivent être fortement liées et que les entreprises qui sont engagées dans l'activité doivent participer eux-mêmes à  sa réalisation.
D'où la nécessite de s'adresser aux entreprises dans la phase de conception, ainsi dans la phase de l'amélioration du contenu de la formation universitaire, d'une part pour répondre aux exigences du marché de l'emploi, et d'autre part pour suivre l'évolution des métiers et l'adapter  aux nouveaux besoins potentiels.
Pour répondre a ces questions, une réflexion doit être porté dans un premier lieu sur les objectifs décrites et inscrites par l'organisme de formation et dans un deuxiême temps commencer a réfléchir sur le comment c'est-à -dire les moyens a mettre en place pour prendre en considération les besoins des clients dans le programme universitaire.
Pengawetan Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) Menggunakan Sari Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) Selama Penyimpanan Suhu Ruang
Authors: Nihali Mita Pratiwi , Sulistijowati Rieny , Yusuf Nikmawatisusanti
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu ikan tongkol (Euthynnus Affinis) yang diawetkan dengan sari daun jambu biji selama penyimpanan. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah lama penyimpanan ikan tongkol dengan sari daun jambu biji 50% dengan taraf waktu 15 jam, 18 jam dan 21 jam. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan metode Multirater Rasch Model untuk mendapatkan data hasil mutu organoleptik dan dianalisis dengan Minifac. Data hasil mikrobiologi Total Plate Count (TPC) diperoleh melalui Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan dianalis dengan Compare Means One-Way ANOVA. Hasil berdasarkan analisis rasch model menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan ikan tongkol 15 jam merupakan perlakuan terbaik pada parameter kenampakan mata: bola mata rata; Insang: merah tua cemerlang dengan sedikit lendir; Daging: jaringan kuat, Tekstur: agak lunak agak elastic , dan pada peyimpanan 18 jam terbaik pada parameter bau yaitu segar spesifik ikan. Nilai mutu organoleptik lama penyimpanan 15 jam dan 18 jam memenuhi standar SNI 2729-2013. Hasil analisis mikrobiologi memberikan pengaruh nyata pada total bakteri pada penyimpanan 15 jam log 3,20 Cfu/gr, penyimpanan 18 jam log 5,22 Cfu/g, penyimpanan 21 jam log 5,67 CFU/gr dengan SNI 5 x 105.
Impact of Government Interventions on Corona Virus Transmission in Nigeria
Authors: Oloyede Muhyideen
Published: July 2020

Many measures such as multi-sectoral National Coronavirus Preparedness Group and social interventions were instituted by Nigerian governments before and after the first case of COVID-19 was recorded on February 27, 2020. Impacts of these intervention measures on COVID-19 transmission were assessed within the first 82 days in Nigeria and in the first 38 days in Kano state. These approaches toward containing the spread of COVID-19 include nonpharmaceutical intervention measures, multi-sectoral Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) was activated at Level 3, expansion of labouratories, RRT deployment etc which resulted in the slow transmission trajectory and low COVID-19 burden and death burden on the people. The analysis of the COVID-19 data obtained between February 27 and May 20, 2020 (82 days period) showed that Nigeria recorded lower death burden of one (1) per million population compare with other African countries like South Africa with death burden of 6 death per million population each and other countries, death burden increases (> 1) as COVID-19 cases increases. Similarly, COVID-19 burden of Nigeria is 33 cases per million which is also very low compared to other African countries and other highly affected countries like US and UK. By 20th May 2020, 6,677 confirmed cases and 202 deaths and 1,860 recovered from COVID-19 have occurred in Nigeria. At day 82, the exponential growth rate calculated was 0.05. The result of this study also provides epidemiological analysis of the first 40 days of COVID-19 outbreak in in the most populous state in Nigeria-Kano. Using this logistic model equation [y= 1.5*(1.3)x] generated from the curve, a total of 31,158 infections was averted in Kano state by the federal and state government intervention measures and citizen level of compliances as well as additional effort of WHO official which altogether brought the total infections to 900 as against 32,058 infections predicted by logistic model. Simulation of the same model predicts total infections of 6,092,642 by 9th of June more than half of state population in the absence of aforementioned interventions while by 11th of June 11,435,884 infections (state population). The results show COVID-19 positive cases are higher in the states with high population densities
Travel Decision and Destination Experiences in the Islands of Caramoan, Philippines: A Visitors’ Descriptive Evaluation
Authors: Lasarte Emy S.
Published: July 2020

An understanding of visitors’ travel desires and experiences are vital in two ways- to adjust destination’s marketing strategies in order to meet the expectation and demand of the travel market and to ensure sustainability of both physical and social attributes of the place. In this sense, this paper evaluated the travel decision and experiences of visitors in the islands of Caramoan considered as one of the Philippines’ uncontaminated and unspoiled natural areas branding it as a “Hidden paradise in the Pacific”. Using a questionnaire-based survey administered to onsite visitors in a descriptive method of research, the islands are visited by tourists due to their desire for nature-based and eco-adventure tour. Their experiences with the destination’s products, services, and hospitality were generally good with emphasis on the accessibility to natural attractions and religious sites, friendliness of the people service providers, suitable weather condition, and organized excursions. With its continued growth, provision of additional nature-based sports activities, and other tourism products and themes should be designed and developed to create diverse recreational participation. In the same way, improving the frontline tourist facilities as well as tourism frontline services is needed to deliver more meaningful visitor experience.
Phyto-Therapheutic Plants as Miracle around You – A Review
Authors: Mishra Sudhanshu , Rajput Aishwarya Singh , Shaw Akash
Published: July 2020

Plants and herbs are used extensively for therapeutic purposes to treat number of diseases and ailments. In India almost 44 % of the total 17000 native species of flora, are medicinal plants. The purpose of our study was to brief out some of the important yet lesser known medicinal plants. The study was conducted to review the effectiveness of some of these plants and the uses associated with them. The plants that are considered in the study have no relation amongst them. Also there were no specific criteria for which any of these plants were taken into consideration. Various research papers from several publications were extracted out from web and the searches was limited to research articles from last five years only and the articles were then further shortlisted so as to summarize them for the review.
A magyarországi online csalások fontosabb tulajdonságai
Authors: Kollár Csaba
Published: July 2020

The author provides an overview of online fraud in Hungary.
Kriptovaluták – rendészeti válaszok
Authors: Simon Béla
Published: July 2020

The author provides an overview of potential criminal activity related to cryptocurrencies along applicable law enforcement responses.
Protection of Critical Infrastructures for Energy Supply
Authors: Molnár Ferenc
Published: July 2020

Continuous economic and social development is a defining feature of human history. Technological revolutions have been following each other at an ever-accelerating pace since the Industrial Revolution. As a result of this development, our ever-expanding supply of equipment results in a strong increase in energy demand. The comfort of mankind is provided by the ever-widespread electrification, that is, we are encountering electricity-based technologies in more and more areas of our daily lives. In addition to providing convenience, automation and the advancement of digital technologies improve the efficiency of economic activities and promote sustainable energy production. The life of an urbanized man is moving towards full automation. Smart homes, internet-based work and commerce are gaining ground. Self-learning software, thinking computers are spreading. Self-propelled vehicles run a test run. Without the continuous, reliable availability of electricity today's advanced technologies are worthless. Without electricity life stops. Based on this recognition, energy systems’ infrastructures are increasingly exposed to external attack. In addition to the reliability of technologies that play a decisive role in the supply of energy, it is necessary to take effective action against potential threats from the environment. This article, along with a description of power supply systems, identifies potential external threats and remedies available.
The Developmental Impact of Music Activities on the Learner
Authors: Amparbin Ernest Francis
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on how learners obtain proficiency through musical events employing some Akan traditional songs and Western common songs. The writer contends that learners study better using musical and other allied undertakings. Observation and unstructured interviews were used as instruments to gather primary information from seven basic schools in the Eastern and Central Regions of Ghana. The data showed that growing children embark on a series of experiments but they improve comprehensively when they use homegrown resources (e.g. familiar musical activities in their environments). The recommendation is that educators, caregivers and handlers in various basic schools should work with indigenous and common play songs coupled with related activities in the teaching and learning process.
Massive Stars in Molecular Clouds Rich in High-energy Sources: The Bridge of G332.809–0.132 and CS 78 in NGC 6334∗
†
Authors: Messineo Maria , Menten Karl M. , Figer Donald F. , Clark J. Simon
Published: July 2020

Detections of massive stars in the direction of the H ii region CS 78 in NGC 6334 and of G332.809−0.132 are here presented. The region covered by the G332.809−0.132 complex coincides with the RCW 103 stellar association. In its core (40′ in radius), approximately 110 OB candidate stars (K

s
 < 10 mag and 0.4 < 

 < 1.6 mag) were identified using 2MASS, DENIS, and GLIMPSE data. This number of OB stars accounts for more than 50% of the observed number of Lyman continuum photons from this region. Medium-resolution K-band spectra were obtained for seven early types, including one WN 8 star and one Ofpe/WN 9 star; the latter is located near the RCW 103 remnant and its luminosity is consistent with a distance of ≈3 kpc. The area analyzed encloses 9 of the 34 OB stars previously known in RCW 103, as well as IRAS 16115−5044, which we reclassify as a candidate luminous blue variable. The line of sight is particularly interesting, crossing three spiral arms; a molecular cloud at −50 (with RCW 103 in the Scutum-Crux arm) and another at −90 km s−1 (in the Norma arm) are detected, both rich in massive stars and supernova remnants. We also report the detection of a B supergiant as the main ionizing source of CS 78, 2MASS J17213513−3532415. Medium-resolution H- and K-band spectra display H i and He i lines, as well as Fe ii lines. By assuming a distance of 1.35 kpc, we estimate a bolometric magnitude of −6.16, which is typical of supergiants.
Des collégiens dans une recherche participative
Authors: Espinosa Gaëlle
Published: July 2020

Cet article a pour objectif de présenter une démarche de recherche participative et une analyse d’entretiens semi-directifs de recherche menés avec ses participants afin de mieux comprendre, selon eux et pour eux, l’utilité sociale d’une telle démarche. Celle-ci, réalisée dans le cadre du programme Nouveaux commanditaires-sciences (NC-S), financé par la Fondation de France et mis en œuvre par L’Atelier des jours à venir, une coopérative d’enseignement et de recherche, est coconstruite avec des collégiens et des enseignants et fondée sur une question formulée par les collégiens : comment se forment les groupes d’amis au collège ?
Reproductive Characteristics and Performance of the Florida Panther: A Retrospective Examination of Long-Term Data
Authors: Bartareau Tad M.
Published: July 2020

Knowledge of reproductive characteristics and performance (RCP) is necessary to estimate a species' breeding output and provide indicators to evaluate population health. Long-term data are important because they provide insight into the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in determining RCP and lifetime breeding output of individuals and productivity of populations. Here, I examine the RCP of the Florida panther Puma concolor coryi by using an extensive data set collected from 1981 to 2019. My objective is to establish baseline RCP parameters and to determine the factors that affect lifetime breeding output. Briefly, the results from a variety of data analyses show the following: 1) Florida panthers exhibit a spring (March–May) birth pulse; 2) minimum age at sexual maturity does not differ between sexes; 3) mean annual proportion of females reproducing, litter size, and birth rate progressively decrease with increasing maternal age; 4) mean litter sex ratio is male biased; 5) mean birth interval differs between successful and unsuccessful litters; 6) proportion of kittens that recruited into the breeding population is small; and 7) distribution of parentage and mating partners among individuals in litters of known mothers and fathers is right skewed. The results indicate that breeding output is limited both by low birth rate and small proportion of offspring recruiting into the breeding population. The decreasing RCP with increasing maternal age suggests that costs of reproduction and progressive body condition senescence are important factors limiting lifetime breeding output. Despite these inhibiting factors, the data came from a period of substantial population growth and expansion since 1995, so the RCP shown is productive for this species. Outcomes from this study provide important RCP information for wildlife managers to implement measurable criteria to assess trends in Florida panther breeding output and population health.
Status of an Anomalous Population of Northern Long-Eared Bats in Coastal North Carolina
Authors: Jordan Gary W.
Published: July 2020

The northern long-eared bat Myotis septentrionalis was discovered in coastal North Carolina in 2007. Work began in 2015 to document the species' distribution and behavior in eastern North Carolina, and the known range of the species has expanded from 4 coastal counties to 19. Captures occurred in all months of the year and mostly occurred in or adjacent to wetland forest. Captures occurred exclusively in the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain ecoregion of the state, and the species has not been documented in the Southeastern Plains or Piedmont ecoregions. The lack of captures in the middle of the state suggests spatially disjunct populations in North Carolina. The bats were observed to be active throughout most of the winter and roosted in trees. During late fall–winter 2015–2018, 43 bats were tracked to 165 winter roost trees located mostly in wetland forest. The species' winter activity in coastal North Carolina represents a novel survival strategy as opposed to the hibernation behavior it is assumed to use in the rest of its range. This portion of the state is nearly devoid of caves or mines suitable for hibernacula, but has milder winters with insect activity. During spring 2019, 21 reproductive females were captured in the northern coastal plain and tracked to 64 maternity roost trees located mostly in wetland forest. Pregnant females began to be captured on April 25 and juveniles on June 16, indicating that pups are likely born in late May. Swab samples collected during late fall–winter from species susceptible to white-nose syndrome provided no evidence of Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Since northern long-eared bats in coastal North Carolina are active most of the winter and not dependent upon caves or mines for hibernation, they are likely not susceptible to white-nose syndrome. With the species in sharp decline elsewhere due to white-nose syndrome, this coastal population may serve as a refugium.
The Potential and Limitations of Entrepreneurship in Migratory Context
Authors: Lauda-Rodriguez Zenaida Luisa , Corallo Mello de Azevedo Kuhlmann Mariana , Del Vecchio Victor A. , Sigales-Gonçalves Jael Sânera
Published: July 2020

ProMigra (Project for the Promotion of the Rights of Migrants) is a university extension linked to the University of São Paulo that started its activities in 2015. In this chapter, the authors discuss a term that has been constantly linked to the contemporary reality of the migrant subject: entrepreneurship. To achieve this purpose, they gather the framework of experiences that ProMigra has accumulated over the last years, especially those linked to professional training and the viability of income generation of migrants. While on the one hand it's important to recognize the relevance of promoting labor opportunities for migrants, on the other hand it's necessary to also consider that the entrepreneurship discourse should be employed with caution, so that it doesn't cover up the ineffectiveness of public institutions and doesn't exempt them from social responsibility to guarantee the basic rights of socially vulnerable migrants. Hopefully, the proposed discussion will contribute to the deconstruction of problematic ideas linked to this entrepreneurial narrative.
The Sublime Emerald
Authors: Rougé Jean-François
Published: July 2020

Talented migrant women constitute a main stake for Western economies, especially when they become entrepreneurs. Most international organisations insist on their role in the economic growth. Unfortunately, they face much more ostracism than men during their path to success. In this context, the chapter aims at identifying how education may sustain their challenge first isolating talented migrant women, then giving them managerial tools to transform their technical talent into successful business. The chapter is divided into three sections. First, it analyses the importance of migrant talented women for the host economy. Then, it explores the ways education may shape female migrant talent by avoiding disqualification of recognised talents and identifying raw talents. At last, it highlights the role of education transforming migrant women into successful entrepreneur. Beyond the technical skills, it is suggested that education has to help resizing the role of (migrant) women in the society and of course dispense the appropriate missing skills.
Residents' Support for Sustainable Tourism Development in Rural Areas
Authors: Ribeiro Manuel Alector , Moritomo Mayu , Woosnam Kyle Maurice
Published: July 2020

The present study aims to examine residents' support for sustainable tourism. Karuizawa town was selected due to the increasing number in both domestic and foreign visitors, as well as the existence of seasonal residents. Residents' participation in tourism and their support are vital for sustainable tourism. In doing so, this study primarily used the theory of reasoned action, social exchange theory, and emotional solidarity to examine residents' support for sustainable tourism. Data were collected using qualitative approach, and semi-structured interviews were adopted to explore the relationship between theoretical frameworks. Twenty participants were selected by non-probability sampling to examine differences among residents in tourism-related businesses and those who are not, and among permanent and seasonal residents. Deductive thematic analysis was chosen because of the ability to produce themes from theoretical frameworks. Lastly, an in-depth discussion, as well as theoretical and managerial implications are offered along with the limitations and avenues for future studies.
Different Type of Residents, Different Type of Attitudes?
Authors: Vong Manuel , Pinto Patrícia , Silva João Albino
Published: July 2020

This study examines residents' attitudes towards sustainable tourism development in Timor-Leste, a new country that is also in the initial stages of tourism development. In particular, this study intends to understand whether residents with different roles and responsibilities (ordinary residents and residents as leaders in the public, private sectors, and NGOs) have different attitudes about the development of sustainable tourism. In order to accomplish this goal, the sustainable tourism attitude scale (SUS-TAS) is applied. Results have shown that ‘ordinary residents' as well as residents with leadership responsibilities in the community are very positive and supportive of tourism development. These results are encouraging for the development of tourism in this country and should be considered by the government, private sectors, and NGOs to promote tourism industries as a contribution to the sustainable development of Timor-Leste.
Tourists' Awareness of World Heritage
Authors: Henriques Claudia Helena , Teotónio Isabel
Published: July 2020

This chapter offers an in-depth analysis of cultural tourism and namely of tourists' awareness of Portuguese World Heritage (WH). In accordance, firstly, there is the discussion of a theoretical framework associated to a cultural role and cultural identity in the sustainable development of tourism is presented. Secondly, it follows a case study approach based on the evaluation of Algarvian tourists' awareness of Portuguese WH. A questionnaire was applied in the Algarve region with the aim to determine the importance of cultural motivation and the level of knowledge regarding Portuguese culture by tourists. The results of this exploratory analysis underline the growing importance of cultural motivation and the recognition of culture's importance in the sustainable development of destinations. However, it also shows the low level of cultural motivation by Algarvian tourists as well as the low level of Portuguese WH knowledge, namely by foreign tourists. Nationality, age, academic background are key variables in tourism knowledge about Portuguese culture.
Creative Tourism as an Inductor of Co-Creation Experiences
Authors: Cabeça Sónia Moreira , Gonçalves Alexandra R. , Marques João Filipe , Tavares Mirian
Published: July 2020

Creative tourism is characterized by the opportunity that gives visitors to develop their creativity through active participation in learning experiences that are characteristic of their destination. That implies a relationship between visitors and residents in which the exchange of knowledge is central. Being an interactive process, the learning and doing of a creative tourism activity is an exercise of self-affirmation that expresses the creative potential of each participant. That is to say, creative tourism experiences are co-created by tourists and their hosts. Tourists and residents are co-designers in creative tourism, as the CREATOUR experiences prove. In this chapter, the authors intend to present the project activities in the Algarve. After contextualizing co-creation within the creative processes, their research is centred on the creative experiences and discusses the opportunities resulting from co-created activities. They also look at the survey applied to the participants in the experiences to better understand their feelings towards co-creation and creative processes.
NPP I&C Systems
Authors: Yastrebenetsky Michael A. , Rozen Yuri , Klevtsov Oleksandr
Published: July 2020

The first chapter contains definitions of the main concepts in this book: instrumentation and control (I&C) system, individual and overall I&C system, central part of the I&C system and peripheral equipment, software-hardware complex (SHC), commercial of the shelf products (COTS), platforms (equipment family), functional safety. Differences between the SHC and I&C systems are explained. General information about I&C systems, based on the use facilities for obtaining, transfer, processing, and display of data, is provided. The main peculiarities of I&C systems, which are described in more detail in further chapters of this book, are considered. Information about functional safety of NPP I&C systems is described. A brief description of general aspects of cyber security of NPP I&C systems is given.
Description of Requirements to Safety Important I&C Systems
Authors: Rozen Yuri , Trubchaninov Serhii
Published: July 2020

The requirements for safety important instrumentation and control (I&C) systems, their components (software and hardware complexes, equipment), and processes of their development are provided. The reliability of I&C systems and their components are ensured by the requirements for prevention and protection against common cause failures, compliance with the single failure and redundancy criteria, and prevention of human errors. The requirements for operational stability of the components cover resistance to environmental impacts, mechanical (including seismic) and other external impacts, and insensitivity to changes in power supply parameters and electromagnetic interference. Requirements for the performance quality include characteristics pertaining to the accuracy and performance time of functions. Requirements for independence ensure that the system remains operable if its components fail and that the effects of electromagnetic radiation, fires, breakdown of insulation, and leaks in cables are minimized.
Tool-Based Assessment of Reactor Trip Systems Availability and Safety Using Markov Modeling
Authors: Odarushchenko Oleg , Butenko Valentyna , Odarushchenko Elena , Ruchkov Evgene
Published: July 2020

The accurate availability and safety assessment of a reactor trip system for nuclear power plants instrumentation and control systems (NPP I&C) application is an important task in the development and certification process. It can be conducted through probabilistic model-based evaluation with variety of tools and techniques (T&T). As each T&T is bounded by its application area, the careful selection of the appropriate one is highly important. This chapter presents the gap-analysis of well-known modeling approach—Markov modeling (MM), mainly for T&T selection and application procedures—and how one of the leading safety standards, IEC 61508, tracks those gaps. The authors discuss how main assessment risks can be eliminated or minimized using metric-based approach and present the safety assessment of typical NPP I&C system. The results analysis determines the feasibility of introducing new regulatory requirements for selection and application of T&T, which are used for MM-based assessment of availability and safety.