bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A RELEVÂNCIA DO TERCEIRO SETOR NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: Oliveira Wagner Vinícius
Published: August 2017

Analisar as contribuições que o terceiro setor proporciona para a construção do paradigma democrático é a função precípua deste conciso escrito, que possui como objeto de análise acadêmica sua atuação e prováveis contribuições para o aprimoramento do Estado Democrático de Direito.  Busca-se, ainda que consciente das limitações, compreender a relevância da atuação na promoção de políticas públicas que proporcionem a concretização do paradigma democrático. O enfoque está em compreender o terceiro setor, a partir de uma perspectiva democrática mediante a realização de diálogo interdisciplinar, superando os modelos de Estado liberal e social, bem como, o mero assistencialismo social reflexo deste último. A metodologia adotada é a análise crítica comparativa das estruturas teóricas que definem os temas, confrontando-os com os dados obtidos no Projeto de Extensão que realizou o diagnóstico das instituições do terceiro setor no entorno da PUC Barreiro produzindo a necessária análise mediante a indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Resultando na elaboração de instrumento de pesquisa formando fonte de consultas que poderão orientar futuras investigações e possíveis diretrizes para políticas públicas. Por fim, arremata-se que reduzir as instituições do terceiro setor, instrumento de participação nas funções estatais, a simples prestadores de serviços ou “empreendimentos sociais” apresenta-se contraproducente, além de produzir uma tensão com o paradigma democrático. Ao revés, o empoderamento das organizações civis, sobretudo pela realização de projetos de extensão, é salutar para a construção e aprimoramento do Estado Democrático de Direito.
A POLÍCIA MILITAR EFETIVANDO A DIGNIDADE HUMANA ATRAVÉS DO PROGRAMA EDHUCA
Authors: Oliveira Mendes de Medeiros Aline
Published: August 2017

O respectivo manuscrito pretende retratar acerca da necessidade que o cidadão possui de obter conhecimento de seus direitos, garantias e deveres fundamentais, que por desconhecimento deste rol, termina por ser excluído socialmente, adentrando-se na criminalidade e prejudicando a si mesmo e a ordem social, embasado no fato de que toda pessoa possui o direito de ser tratado e respeitado dignamente. O estudo baseou-se no programa EDHUCA projeto desenvolvido pelo 15° Batalhão de Polícia Militar, o qual visa ser implantado em todo o Estado de Santa Catarina. Este estudo foi realizado devido à crescente onda de criminalidade que envolve a sociedade. O estudo possui o método qualitativo, sendo desenvolvido através de pesquisas bibliográficas, entrevistas e análises de documentos. O resultado obtido da observância do projeto deste programa é que o mesmo possui capacidade para auxiliar na promoção dos direitos humanos, atuando através da educação informal, preparando os adolescentes para as necessidades que a sociedade impõe, abrindo os portões escolares e jogando fora as algemas dos presídios, pois uma pessoa bem educado, pautada nos valores morais e éticos, será um cidadão à menos na esfera criminal, em virtude de que o ser humano compreende tão somente o resultado da educação que lhe foi dada, desta forma atuar através da educação para esculpir o cidadão e, a sociedade é um método que a longo prazo trará bons resultados, com capacidade de modificar o núcleo social, atuando em uma política de implantação de valores, redirecionando a sociedade para o bem comum como preceito maior.
Gestão de pessoas e sustentabilidade: construindo caminhos por meio das práticas de capacitação
Authors: Oliveira Jefferson Menezes de , Estivalete Vania De Fátima Barros , Andrade Tais De , Costa Vívian Flores
Published: August 2017

This study seeks to identify how the issue of sustainability is manifested between the capacitation actions offered by the people management area of an institution of higher education. With qualitative approach, the study is developed by performing three steps: (i) analysis of strategic documents of the institution; (ii) mapping of capacitation actions on sustainability offered to servers; and (iii) semi-structured interviews analysis performed with the servers involved in the organization and dissemination of capacitation actions. The results showed that the institution recommends sustainability in their strategic documents, with convergence to the ecological dimension in their actions. The servers involved in the organization and dissemination of capacitation actions understand that the people management area takes on a strategic role in addressing sustainability in an integrated manner with other institutional actions. However, there are difficulties in offering permanent training, since there is a shortage of specialists available to disseminate the theme in its entirety, thus indicating the permanent offer of training involving sustainability.
Avaliação multimodal das habilidades sociais de estudantes com paralisia cerebral usuários de comunicação alternativa
Authors: Quiterio Patricia Lorena , Gerk Eliane , Nunes Leila Regina D’Oliveira de Paula
Published: August 2017

As relações interpessoais tem sido foco de interesse de pesquisas nas áreas de ciências sociais e humanas. O aluno com paralisia cerebral que não consegue se comunicar oralmente de forma eficiente pode ser incapaz de expressar seus sentimentos e pensamentos, prejudicando seu desenvolvimento acadêmico e social. O objetivo geral desta investigação foi descrever o repertório de Habilidades Sociais de alunos com paralisia cerebral. Os objetivos específicos foram: a) adaptar o Sistema Multimídia de Habilidades Sociais para Crianças (SMHSC – Del Prette e Del Prette) para alunos com paralisia cerebral, não-oralizados usando recursos da Comunicação Alternativa para tal e, b) verificar a consistência de uma proposta de avaliação multimodal para pessoas com paralisia cerebral não-oralizadas. A avaliação multimodal envolveu a aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos: Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Pessoas Não-Oralizadas (IHSPNO), registro de observação direta dos alunos em situações sociais, questionário com os responsáveis pelos alunos e entrevista com os professores desses alunos. Para estimar a concordância entre a auto avaliação e a avaliação da professora por meio do IHSPNO optou-se pelo emprego do Teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. Este teste verificou que não houve diferença entre as duas formas de avaliação. Os dados revelaram frequência adequada de emissão de comportamentos nas subclasses Assertividade e Autocontrole e Expressividade emocional. Os sujeitos apresentaram frequência parcial em Habilidades Básicas, Empatia, Fazer amizades e Habilidades Sociais Acadêmicas e baixa frequência em Civilidade e Solução de Problemas Interpessoais. Este resultado aponta a necessidade de oferta de um Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais para pessoas com paralisia cerebral.
Atividade lúdica para o ensino de ciências com prática inclusiva para surdos
Authors: Espindola Daniel Santos , Carneiro Danubia , Kuhn Talicia Do Carmo Galan , Antiqueira Lia Maris Orth Ritter
Published: August 2017

A inclusão de estudantes surdos tem sido cada vez mais observada na realidade escolar, sendo que é essencial que os professores busquem metodologias efetivas nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral avaliar o uso da ludicidade como ferramenta de auxilio no ensino de Biomas Brasileiros, contribuindo para uma aprendizagem significativa, promovendo a inclusão de um surdo em uma classe mista. Nessa perspectiva, foi elaborado uma atividade lúdica bilíngue sobre Biomas do Brasil. A pesquisa foi aplicada em uma classe do 6º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino no município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. A atividade apresentou bons resultados, pois houve o envolvimento de todos os estudantes e abordou-se o conteúdo de forma igualitária. Concluiu-se que há práticas pedagógicas que são capazes de promover a inclusão, desde que, se atente às dificuldades dos estudantes com necessidades especiais. Portanto a atividade lúdica é um instrumento que corrobora para o processo ensino/aprendizagem e promove a interação dos estudantes.
A Inclusão de Estudantes com Autismo na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Maceió
Authors: Mendonça Ribeiro Daniela , Rodrigues Cavalcanti de Melo Nínive , Sella Ana Carolina
Published: August 2017

O movimento pela inclusão escolar vem resultando no aumento do número de matrículas de estudantes com necessidades educacionais especiais (NEE) nas escolas regulares. Dentre esses estudantes, encontram-se aqueles com autismo, que apresentam déficits na comunicação e interação social e padrões de comportamentos, interesses e atividades restritos e repetitivos. Há evidências, na literatura, que intervenções educacionais são as mais eficazes para minimizar os déficits apresentados por crianças com autismo. Portanto, faz-se necessário avaliar os aspectos qualitativos de acesso desta população ao ensino regular. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a inclusão de estudantes com autismo na rede municipal de ensino de Maceió, sob a perspectiva de seus professores. Participaram 26 professores e dois auxiliares de ensino de 22 escolas que caracterizaram 30 estudantes com autismo. Foram utilizados um questionário semiestruturado e a escala Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Os resultados evidenciam o déficit na formação específica dos professores para o ensino de estudantes com autismo e os reflexos deste déficit em uma quase ausência de planejamento, materiais e avaliações diferenciados. Verifica-se, portanto, que a inclusão de estudantes com autismo na rede municipal de ensino de Maceió não tem conseguido cumprir um de seus pressupostos principais, a promoção da aprendizagem desses estudantes por meio da atenção individualizada necessária para tal.
Investigation in the Variations of Ionospheric f0F2 due to Sunspot Numbers over Wakkanai using EDA Technique
Authors: Muzammil Mushtaq Hussain  , Syed Nazeer Alam  , Faisal Ahmed Khan Afridi
Published: August 2017

In this research article, the authors have implemented the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) techniques to examine the deviation of the monthly median noon and midnight values of the critical frequency of F2 layer ionosphere (i.e. f0F2) at the Wakkanai station (45.39°N, 141.68°E), Japan, during sunspot cycle 21st (1976-1986) and 23rd (1996-2008). Primarily, univariate analysis has been done, which shows the variations in f0F2 at different local times, seasons and in the range of sunspot numbers (SSN), in which winter and semi-annual anomalies are detected in the months of December and March respectively. Secondly, the regression analysis is being used as a bivariate data analysis. The results proved a significantly nonlinear relationship exists between f0F2 and SSN. In both solar cycles, saturation effects are seen in the month of March during the noontime period and immensely in June during the midnight time. The behavior of the ionosphere has been studied for different latitudes, seasonal effects and sunspot dynamic conditions, in which this paper plays an essential role in it.
Faglig kommunikation i et professionelt fællesskab – om sproglige og kommunikative muligheder for faglighed i praksis
Authors: Troelsen Solveig
Published: August 2017

Abstract This article is based on a project in ‘VIA Pedagogy, Teaching and Learning’ aiming to maintain and develop the professionalism of newly educated teachers during their first years of teaching. Recent research reveals challenges in students’ transition from teacher education to professional teaching life and suggests possible reasons why teachers tend to refrain from participating in professional peer dialogue. The article claims that lack of professional terminology might be one among several reasons for this and describes an intervention made in order to encourage and develop the use of professional terminology among newly educated teachers.  Resumé Artiklen tager afsæt i et forsknings- og udviklingsprojekt i VIA Profession og Uddannelse med fokus på fastholdelse og udvikling af nydimitterede læreres faglighed i de første år i praksis. Med udgangspunkt i en række undersøgelser afdækkes udfordringer i transitionen fra læreruddannelse til lærerprofession, og mulige årsager til, at lærere ofte afstår fra at formulere sig fagligt i kollegial dialog, identificeres. I forlængelse heraf peges på læreres manglende fagsprog som en mulig delforklaring, og der gives et eksempel på en intervention i form af et tidsskrift som ét tiltag blandt flere, der kan medvirke til at styrke lærernes udvikling af et professionelt fagsprog.
Kompetencer i skole og uddannelse
Authors: Madsen Peter Hougaard
Published: August 2017

Artiklen er en invitation til overvejelser over begrebet ’kompetence’ som pædagogisk begreb med afsæt i fem forskellige kompetencebegreber: Et uddannelsespolitisk, et didaktisk, et læringsteoretisk, et kompleksitetshåndterende og et politisk dannende kompetencebegreb.De fem kompetencebegreber er ingenlunde dækkende for alt, hvad der kan siges om kompetencer i skole og uddannelse. Men hver på sin måde bidrager de til den aktuelle pædagogiske og skole- og uddannelsespolitiske diskurs. Artiklen introducerer og behandler de fem kompetencebegreber i nævnte rækkefølge og i en samlet bestræbelse på at kvalificere ’kompetence’ som pædagogisk begreb.
Coral communities and reefs of Ballena Marine National Park, Pacific coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Alvarado JJ , Cortés J , Fernández C , Nivia J
Published: August 2017

The coral communities and reefs at Ballena Marine National Park, on the southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica, were studied using three 10-m long transects per site, parallel to the coast, with 1-m2 quadrants. A total of 15 species of corals (11 hermatypic and 4 ahermatypic) were found, which when added to previous reports for the park makes a total of 18 species. Porites lobata showed the highest coral cover (36.5 ± 3.7%) and was the only species present at all sites. The other coral species had low coverage (<10%) and were observed in a few places. Dead coral had a cover of 1.8 ± 0.6% and the percent of bleached coral (0.7 ± 0.2%) was due to P. lobata at only one site. This park and Caño Island have the highest number of coral species (18 species) in the southern region of Costa Rica, but they differ in composition. The low diversity and low coral covr in the park is attributed to the impact of the El Niño phenomenon in recent years, to sedimentation and to the dilution of waters during the rainy season. We suggest that a long-term monitoring program of this ecosystem is needed to determine future management and conservation strategies.
Effects of vitamin A palmitate, β-carotene and retinoic acid on the growth and incidence of deformities in larvae of red sea bream Chrysophrys major
Authors: Hernández-H LH , Teshima S , Koshio S , Ishikawa M , Gallardo-Cigarroa FJ , Alam MS , Uyan O
Published: August 2017

The effects of vitamin A palmitate (VAP; 2.7, 27 and 165 mg/100 g diet),

β-carotene (βC; 1, 9 and 50 mg/100 g diet) and retinoic acid (RA; 2.8, 28 and 166 mg/100 g diet) on the incidence of deformities in red sea bream (Chrysophrys major) larvae were examined using zein-based micro-bound diets during 15 days. Growth (final body weight, weight gain and total length) and survival rate were affected by the increasing supplementation of these compounds. The abnormalities observed in the larvae included the compression or apparent fusion of the segments in the notochord and mouth deformities. Compression/apparent fusion of the segments was detected mainly in vertebrae of the hemal zone, affecting the total length of larvae. Incidence of these deformities increased with increasing levels of VAP,

βC and RA in the diets, but a significantly higher percentage of affected vertebrae was observed in the larvae fed the diets containing RA. The effect of βC was unclear in the present experiment, since only the highest concentration caused significant incidence. The results of this study show that dietary vitamin A may be related to the vertebral deformities in red sea bream larvae.
Growth and biochemical profile of Chaetoceros muelleri cultured in batch and semicontinuous systems
Authors: Lemus N , Urbano T , Arredondo-Vega B , Guevara M , Vásquez A , Carreón-Palau L , Vallejo N
Published: August 2017

We characterized the growth and biochemical composition of a Chaetoceros muelleri strain from the Araya Peninsula, Sucre, Venezuela. The microalga was cultured under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1ºC, 156 µE m–2 s–1 and 12:12 photoperiod) during 13 days, using two culture methods: batch and semicontinuous culture with a daily renewal rate of 30%. Cell density was determined and cells from each treatment were measured. The protein, lipid, carbohydrate and fatty acid contents were quantified to compare the quality of the Araya strain in both culture systems. Cell density showed little variability in the semicontinuous system during the steady-state phase (1.3 106 cells mL–1 on average), but increased significantly in the batch system, reaching 3.5 106 cells mL–1. Proteins, lipids and carbohydrates did not show significant variations in the semicontinuous system, with mean values of 21.4 ± 0.8, 18.4 ± 0.8 and 4.1 ± 0.1 pg cells–1, respectively. In the batch system, however, these macromolecules showed greater variability: proteins 3.5–21.1 pg cells–1, lipids 8.5–11.6 pg cells–1 and carbohydrates 4.2–18.1 pg cells–1. Higher levels of saturated (47.5%) and monounsaturated (34.8%) fatty acids were found in the semicontinuous system, whereas the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (31.4%) was higher in the batch system, in particular of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) (16 ± 2% of total fatty acids). Cell size did not vary significantly in the two culture systems and the mean width and length were 5 and 7.5 µm, respectively. The Araya strain of C. muelleri can be used as a food source for cultured larvae, the semicontinuous system providing a more stable nutritional quality.
O Caso da Renda Renascença: Uma Análise sobre as Decisões de Compra de Produtos Culturais
Authors: Oliveira Daniela Vasconcelos e , Lucian Rafael
Published: August 2017

O estudo do comportamento do consumidor brasileiro a partir da sua decisão de compra vem sendo investigado pela academia do marketing, principalmente observando os fatores que influenciam a decisão do consumidor no processo de compra. Contudo, este artigo apresenta um novo foco para o estudo do processo de decisão de compra, com uma perspectiva de um produto com forte apelo da tradição cultura.  Após o estudo do fenômeno, cinco fatores de influência de compra foram escolhidos para esta pesquisa: cultura, papeis e posições sociais, grupos de referência, situacionais e família. Em seguida, também foram definidas duas variáveis de tipificação de compra: encantamento e imediatismo.  Com o questionário definido, 50 pessoas responderam o modelo que posteriormente foi validado no TRI - Teste de Resposta ao Item, após os ajustes no instrumento a coleta foi realizada com mulheres que compraram renda renascença de 02 a 12 de julho de 2015, durante a XVI edição da FENEARTE – Feira Nacional de Negócio do Artesanato, realizada em Olinda, Pernambuco. Após a coleta, os dados quantitativos foram analisados com o teste de Qui-quadrado para testar a significância estatística da associação entre fatores de influência escolhidos e as duas variáveis de compra. Com os resultados apresentados, das 10 hipóteses definidas, 4 hipóteses da compra por contemplação não foram refutadas, bem como, 2 hipóteses da compra por impulso. Na conclusão do artigo são apresentadas as diferenças dos cinco fatores que influenciam o processo de decisão de compra por impulso e contemplação de produtos com tradição cultural.
ADOPT: A tool for automatic detection of tectonic plates at the surface of convection models
Authors: Mallard C. , Jacquet B. , Coltice N.
Published: August 2017

Mantle convection models with plate‐like behavior produce surface structures comparable to Earth's plate boundaries. However, analyzing those structures is a difficult task, since convection models produce, as on Earth, diffuse deformation and elusive plate boundaries. Therefore we present here and share a quantitative tool to identify plate boundaries and produce plate polygon layouts from results of numerical models of convection: Automatic Detection Of Plate Tectonics (ADOPT). This digital tool operates within the free open‐source visualization software Paraview. It is based on image segmentation techniques to detect objects. The fundamental algorithm used in ADOPT is the watershed transform. We transform the output of convection models into a topographic map, the crest lines being the regions of deformation (plate boundaries) and the catchment basins being the plate interiors. We propose two generic protocols (the field and the distance methods) that we test against an independent visual detection of plate polygons. We show that ADOPT is effective to identify the smaller plates and to close plate polygons in areas where boundaries are diffuse or elusive. ADOPT allows the export of plate polygons in the standard OGR‐GMT format for visualization, modification, and analysis under generic softwares like GMT or GPlates.
Seasonal iron depletion in temperate shelf seas
Authors: Birchill Antony J. , Milne Angela , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Harris Carolyn , Annett Amber , Rusiecka Dagmara , Achterberg Eric P. , Gledhill Martha , Ussher Simon J. , Worsfold Paul J. , Geibert Walter , Lohan Maeve C.
Published: August 2017

Our study followed the seasonal cycling of soluble (SFe), colloidal (CFe), dissolved (DFe), total dissolvable (TDFe), labile particulate (LPFe), and total particulate (TPFe) iron in the Celtic Sea (NE Atlantic Ocean). Preferential uptake of SFe occurred during the spring bloom, preceding the removal of CFe. Uptake and export of Fe during the spring bloom, coupled with a reduction in vertical exchange, led to Fe deplete surface waters (<0.2 nM DFe; 0.11 nM LPFe, 0.45 nM TDFe, and 1.84 nM TPFe) during summer stratification. Below the seasonal thermocline, DFe concentrations increased from spring to autumn, mirroring NO3− and consistent with supply from remineralized sinking organic material, and cycled independently of particulate Fe over seasonal timescales. These results demonstrate that summer Fe availability is comparable to the seasonally Fe limited Ross Sea shelf and therefore is likely low enough to affect phytoplankton growth and species composition.
Why 2015 was a strong El Niño and 2014 was not
Authors: Wang Guomin , Hendon Harry H.
Published: August 2017

Anomalous oceanic and atmospheric conditions in the tropical Pacific were similar in the early months of 2014 and 2015, both apparently favoring onset of El Niño. Despite high expectations, the 2014 event did not truly take hold, but the 2015 event developed into a very strong El Niño. Here we argue that mean state differences played important roles in promoting El Niño in 2015 and not favoring growth in 2014. We show that the mean state difference in the Pacific between 2015 and 2014 was similar to the shift from cold phase to warm phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). We demonstrate that this mean state change affected El Niño development between the two years using a forecast sensitivity experiment. The cold IPO‐like mean state during 2014 acted to reduce the coupled feedbacks, while the warm IPO‐like mean state of 2015 acted to enhance the coupled feedbacks.
Composition of the low seismic velocity E′ layer at the top of Earth's core
Authors: Brodholt John , Badro James
Published: August 2017

Using ab initio simulations on Fe‐Ni‐S‐C‐O‐Si liquids, we constrain the origin and composition of the low‐velocity layer E′ at the top of Earth's outer core. We find that increasing the concentration of any light element always increases velocity and so a low‐velocity and low‐density layer (for stability) cannot be made by simply increasing light element concentration. This rules out barodiffusion or simple sedimentation of a light phase for its origin. However, exchanging elements can—depending on the elements exchanged—produce such a layer. We evaluate three possibilities. First, crystalization of a phase from a core may make such a layer, but only if the core contains more than one light element and only if crystalizing phase is very Fe rich. Second, the E′ layer may result from incomplete mixing of an early Earth core with a late impactor, depending on the light element compositions of the impactor and Earth's core. Third, using thermodynamic models for metal‐silicate partitioning, we show that a reaction between the core and an FeO‐rich basal magma ocean can result in a light and slow layer.
Revisiting the observed correlation between weekly averaged Indian monsoon precipitation and Arabian Sea aerosol optical depth
Authors: Sharma Disha , Miller Ron L.
Published: August 2017

Dust influences the Indian summer monsoon on seasonal time scales by perturbing atmospheric radiation. On weekly time scales, aerosol optical depth retrieved by satellite over the Arabian Sea is correlated with Indian monsoon precipitation. This has been interpreted to show the effect of dust radiative heating on Indian rainfall on synoptic (few‐day) time scales. However, this correlation is reproduced by Earth System Model simulations, where dust is present but its radiative effect is omitted. Analysis of daily variability suggests that the correlation results from the effect of precipitation on dust through the associated cyclonic circulation. Boundary layer winds that deliver moisture to India are responsible for dust outbreaks in source regions far upwind, including the Arabian Peninsula. This suggests that synoptic variations in monsoon precipitation over India enhance dust emission and transport to the Arabian Sea. The effect of dust radiative heating upon synoptic monsoon variations remains to be determined.
Characterization of a novel scale maille contralateral breast shield: SMART Armor
Authors: Butson Macinley , Carroll Susan , Butson Martin , Hill Robin
Published: August 2017

During breast radiotherapy treatment, the contralateral breast receives radiation doses to the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused mainly from incident electron contamination and low energy photon scatter radiation. Measurements have shown that for a typical hybrid tangential treatment, these dose levels can be up to 17% of maximum applied prescription dose if no shielding is used during the treatment process. This work examined the use of different shielding metals, aluminum, copper, and lead to reduce peripheral radiation dose to evaluate the optimal metal to form the basis of a contralateral breast radiation shield. This work also shows a simple but novel method to substantially reduce this unwanted radiation dose with the use of a copper scale maille sheet which can be easily and accurately draped over a patient's contralateral breast during treatment. The copper scale maille is flexible and can thus conform around typical breast shapes. It can also form irregular shaped edges to match those outlined by typical tangential treatment fields. As the shield is made from copper, it is nontoxic and can potentially be used directly on patients for treatment. The designed copper scale maille has shown to reduce contralateral breast skin and subcutaneous dose by up to 80% for typical radiation fields used in breast radiotherapy.
Neural Electrodes Based on 3D Organic Electroactive Microfibers
Authors: Marroquin Jason B. , Coleman Harold A. , Tonta Mary A. , Zhou Kun , Winther‐Jensen Bjorn , Fallon James , Duffy Noel W. , Yan Edwin , Abdulwahid Ammar A. , Jasieniak Jacek J. , Forsythe John S. , Parkington Helena C.
Published: August 2017

Neural electrodes used for in vivo biomedical applications (e.g., prostheses, bionic implants) result in glial invasion, leading to the formation of a nonexcitable scar that increases the distance between neurons and electrode and increases the resistance to current flow. The result is progressive deterioration in the performance of stimulation or recording of neural activity and inevitable device failure. Also, electrodes with a 2D surface have a limited proximity to neurons. In the present study, a macroporous and fibrous 3D neural electrode is developed using poly‐L‐lactic acid fibrous membranes imbued with electroactive properties via a coating of the conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), using vapor phase polymerization. The electrical properties of the PEDOT‐coated substrates are studied using sheet resistance and impedance. PEDOT electrode biocompatibility is assessed through in vitro assays using patch‐clamp electrophysiology and calcium imaging of isolated and cultured rat hippocampal neurons. PEDOT fibers support robust normal functional development of neurons, including synaptic networking and communication. Stimulation and recording of activity in brain slices and from the surface of the brain using 3D‐PEDOT fibrous electrodes are indistinguishable from recordings using conventional glass or platinum electrodes. In vivo studies reveal minimal reactive gliosis in response to electrode implantation.
Bridging Dealumination and Desilication for the Synthesis of Hierarchical MFI Zeolites
Authors: Yang Shitu , Yu Chenxi , Yu Lili , Miao Shu , Zou Mingming , Jin Changzi , Zhang Dazhi , Xu Longya , Huang Shengjun
Published: August 2017

The rational design of zeolite‐based catalysts calls for flexible tailoring of porosity and acidity beyond micropore dimension. To date, dealumination has been applied extensively as an industrial technology for the tailoring of zeolite in micropore dimension, whereas desilication has separately shown its potentials in the creation of mesoporosities. The free coupling of dealumination with desilication will bridge the tailoring at micro/mesopore dimensions; however, such coupling has been prevailingly confirmed as an impossible mission. In this work, a consecutive dealumination–desilication process enables the introduction of uniform intracrystalline mesopores (4–6 nm) into the microporous Al‐rich zeolites. The decisive impacts of steaming step have been firstly discovered. These findings revitalize the functions of dealumination in porosity tailoring, and stimulate the pursuit of new methods for the tailoring of industrially relevant Al‐rich zeolites.
Motivations and intentions of flickr users in enriching flick records for library of congress photos
Authors: Kipp Margaret E. I. , Beak Jihee , Choi Inkyung
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study is to understand users' motivations and intentions in the use of institutional collections on social tagging sites. Previous social tagging studies have collected social tagging data and analyzed how tagging functions as a tool to organize and retrieve information. Many studies focused on the patterns of tagging rather than the users' perspectives. To provide a more comprehensive picture of users' social tagging activities in institutional collections, and how this compares to social tagging in a more personal context, we collected data from social tagging users by surveying 7,563 participants in the Library of Congress's Flickr Collection. We asked users to describe their motivations for activities within the LC Flickr Collection in their own words using open‐ended questions. As a result, we identified 11 motivations using a bottom‐up, open‐coding approach: affective reactions, opinion on photo, interest in subject, contribution to description, knowledge sharing, improving findability, social network, appreciation, personal use, and personal relationship. Our study revealed that affective or emotional reactions play a critical role in the use of social tagging of institutional collections by comparing our findings to existing frameworks for tagging motivations. We also examined the relationships between participants' occupations and our 11 motivations.
The Pathmox approach for PLS path modeling: Discovering which constructs differentiate segments
Authors: Lamberti Giuseppe , Banet Aluja Tomas , Sanchez Gaston
Published: August 2017

The problem of heterogeneity represents a very important issue in the decision‐making process. Furthermore, it has become common practice in the context of marketing research to assume that different population parameters are possible depending on sociodemographic and psycho‐demographic variables such as age, gender, and social status. In recent decades, numerous approaches have been proposed with the aim of involving heterogeneity in the parameter estimation procedures. In partial least squares path modeling, the common practice consists of achieving a global measurement of the differences arising from heterogeneity. This leaves the analyst with the important task of detecting, a posteriori, which are the causal relationships (ie, path coefficients) that produce changes in the model. This is the case in Pathmox analysis, which solves the heterogeneity problem by building a binary tree to detect those segments of population that cause the heterogeneity. In this article, we propose extending the same Pathmox methodology to asses which particular endogenous equation of the structural model and which path coefficients are responsible of the difference.
A model‐based protocol for the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease
Authors: Castaldello Christopher , Galvanin Federico , Casonato Alessandra , Padrini Roberto , Barolo Massimiliano , Bezzo Fabrizio
Published: August 2017

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is one of the main inherited coagulation disorders. It is caused by a deficiency and/or a dysfunction of the von Willebrand factor (VWF), a fundamental multimeric glycoprotein involved in the hemostasis process. Correct detection of the disease is not an easy task because the disease manifests itself in many variants and a high intra‐subject variability is observed. For these reasons, the diagnostic clinical trials typically rely on a 24‐h sampling protocol, which makes the overall test long, stressful, and costly. Using a new pharmacokinetic model derived from Galvanin et al.'s 2014 study, this study aims at i) assessing the theoretical possibility to perform a shorter clinical test and ii) proposing a set of model‐based diagnostic methods as a support for the clinical team. A preliminary information analysis is performed in order to understand which sampling instants are more informative for model identification. This allowed us to propose a novel, 8‐h diagnostic protocol, which is still able to ensure model identifiability. Three alternative diagnostic methods are then proposed based on this short‐length clinical protocol. One of them directly uses the pharmacokinetic model, whereas the other two are based on the use of three indices (two pharmacokinetic indices, namely clearance, total VWF released, and as third index the basal multimer ratio) to formulate the diagnosis problem as a classification one. The classification problem is then solved using K‐nearest neighbours and linear discriminant analysis. Results show the theoretical feasibility of a VWD diagnosis based on a shorter protocol.
Design and optimization of the separation process of acrylic acid and corresponding esters from aqueous solution of formaldehyde–a systematic procedure
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Dan , Peng Zhijian , Li Chunshan , Nie Yi
Published: August 2017

The design and optimization of the separation process of acrylic acid and corresponding esters in formaldehyde aqueous solution was systematically researched in this work. Thermodynamics was provided for formaldehyde, acrylic acid, and corresponding esters system according to the particularly. On basis of the thermodynamics, optional separation sequence and separation technology were designed, which reduced separation complexity and search scope. In addition, system integration including process optimization and energy integration were optimized in detail in the procedure. The proposed systematic procedure was applied to acrylic acid and corresponding esters production using methyl acetate and formaldehyde as raw materials. The systematic procedure provided a significant guidance for the separation of the formaldehyde, acrylic acid, and corresponding esters.
Using KBase to Assemble and Annotate Prokaryotic Genomes
Authors: Allen Benjamin , Drake Meghan , Harris Nomi , Sullivan Tarah
Published: August 2017

The DOE Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase, http://kbase.us/) is an open‐access bioinformatics software and data platform for analyzing plants, microbes, and their communities. KBase enables scientists to create, execute, collaborate on, and share reproducible analyses of their biological data in the context of public data and private collaborator data. For microbiologists researching prokaryotes, KBase offers analysis tools for performing quality control and assessment of Next‐Generation Sequencing reads, de novo assembly, genome annotation, and tools for analyzing structural and functional features of genomes. This unit demonstrates an example workflow for taking a comparative and iterative approach to assembly and annotation of prokaryotic genomes using KBase that can be used by microbiologists seeking to perform isolate analysis in a rapid and reproducible fashion. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electro‐oxidation of Methanol and Ethanol Catalyzed by Pt/ZSM‐5/C
Authors: Daas Basu Maan , Ghosh Susanta
Published: August 2017

Direct alcohol fuel cells are a promising source of future energy generation for small and portable devices. Platinum is considered the best catalyst for electro‐oxidation of alcohols in fuel cells but the major hurdles with platinum catalysts are high cost of platinum as well as low selectivity, slow reaction kinetics and carbonaceous poisoning associated with platinum. This particular research reports electro‐oxidation of methanol and ethanol over platinum electrodeposited on ZSM‐5 without any carbon additive. From the cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, linear sweep voltammetry, tafel plot and multiple scan analyses, it is found that Pt/ZSM‐5/C electrodes can catalyze electro‐oxidation of methanol and ethanol with higher efficiency. ZSM‐5 supports the formation of smaller sized platinum nanoparticles in a dispersed manner on the zeolite support and thus increases the active surface area of the metal for catalytic activity. It favors adsorption of alcohol molecules on the modified electrode surface and thus increases the diffusion process. It also stabilizes the modified electrodes.
A Novel Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor and Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on (3‐Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Guler Muhammet , Turkoglu Vedat , Kivanc Mehmet Riza
Published: August 2017

In the present study, a novel enzymatic glucose biosensor using glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized into (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO‐APTES) and hydrogen peroxide sensor based on rGO‐APTES modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode were fabricated. Nafion (Nf) was used as a protective membrane. For the characterization of the composites, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffractometer (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometry. The resulting Nf/rGO‐APTES/GOx/GC and Nf/rGO‐APTES/GC composites showed good electrocatalytical activity toward glucose and H2O2, respectively. The Nf/rGO‐APTES/GC electrode exhibited a linear range of H2O2 concentration from 0.05 to 15.25 mM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.017 mM and sensitivity of 124.87 μA mM−1 cm−2. The Nf/rGO‐APTES/GOx/GC electrode showed a linear range of glucose from 0.02 to 4.340 mM with a LOD of 9 μM and sensitivity of 75.26 μA mM−1 cm−2. Also, the sensor and biosensor had notable selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and storage stability.
A new chamber design for measuring nitrous oxide emissions in maize crops
Authors: Olfs Hans-Werner , Westerschulte Matthias , Ruoss Nicolas , Federolf Carl-Philipp , Zurheide Tim , Vergara Hernandez Maria Elena , Neddermann Nikolas , Trautz Dieter , Pralle Herbert , Fuß Roland , Well Reinhard
Published: August 2017

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural land are often estimated by measuring changes in N2O concentrations over a given period in the headspace of a gas‐sampling chamber covering a specific soil area. This technique is particularly challenging in tall growing row crops such as maize (Zea maysL.), to which farmers regularly apply fertilizer banded below the seeds to ensure good crop development. Placing chambers in the inter‐row space leads to bias in flux measurements, due to exclusion of fertilized and rhizosphere soil. Chambers for N2O flux measurements should therefore be placed centered over the row. A new split chamber for gas sampling was developed in this study from a closed, rectangular chamber (original chamber: 78 cm × 78 cm, 51 cm height). The new chamber is applicable for use for the complete maize growing cycle until harvest. For each flux measurement, the two parts of the chambers are placed in a gas‐tight seal on a collar previously inserted into soil covering a representative area of land. In a later growth stage, when plant height exceeds chamber height, stalks of developed maize plants can be fixed between the two chamber parts through a rubber‐tightening opening on the top of the chamber. Air tightness of the split chamber was tested in the laboratory and the split chamber was compared with the original chamber in a field experiment with slurry injection under maize seeds. The laboratory test demonstrated similar air tightness of both chamber types. The field test yielded almost identical N2O fluxes for the original chamber (244 µg N2O‐N m−1h−1) and the split‐chamber (254 µg N2O‐N m−1h−1). It can be concluded that the split chamber is an adequate gas‐sampling unit, with particular advantages when flux measurements are conducted in tall growing row crops.
Treatment of Eustachian tube dysfunction with balloon dilation: A systematic review
Authors: Huisman Jolien Marieke Lieselot , Verdam Froukje Jantina , Stegeman Inge , de Ru Jacob Alexander
Published: August 2017

Objective

Balloon dilation is a new entity in the therapeutic approach of Eustachian tube dysfunction. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the success of balloon dilation of the tuba auditiva in reducing symptoms in adult patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Data Sources

Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library.

Review Methods

The systematic literature search was conducted independently by two authors based on title and abstracts, and resulted in 36 articles. These articles were screened as full text, 15 of them were eligible for critical appraisal. Data were extracted from selected studies and presented in this article. A meta‐analysis was conducted for four subgroups. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement was used as a writing guideline for this systematic review.

Results

All 15 included studies were case series. A total of 1,155 patients were treated with balloon dilation of the tuba auditiva. Outcome parameters were relief of symptoms, otoscopy, Valsalva maneuver or Toynbee test, audiometry, tympanometry, Eustachian tube dysfunction classification, and Eustachian tube score. All articles showed short‐term improvement of original symptoms; some showed further improvement over time. Follow‐up ranged from just after therapy to 50 months. Relatively mild and self‐limiting complications were described in 36 patients.

Conclusion

All current studies suggest that balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube can be a helpful treatment in patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction. However, placebo controlled trials are still warranted. Laryngoscope, 128:237–247, 2018
MMM: A toolbox for integrative structure modeling
Authors: Jeschke Gunnar
Published: August 2017

Structural characterization of proteins and their complexes may require integration of restraints from various experimental techniques. MMM (Multiscale Modeling of Macromolecules) is a Matlab‐based open‐source modeling toolbox for this purpose with a particular emphasis on distance distribution restraints obtained from electron paramagnetic resonance experiments on spin‐labelled proteins and nucleic acids and their combination with atomistic structures of domains or whole protomers, small‐angle scattering data, secondary structure information, homology information, and elastic network models. MMM does not only integrate various types of restraints, but also various existing modeling tools by providing a common graphical user interface to them. The types of restraints that can support such modeling and the available model types are illustrated by recent application examples.
Lymph Node Evaluation in Robot‐Assisted Versus Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity‐Matched Analysis
Authors: Chao Yin‐Kai , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Liu Yun‐Hen , Liu Hui‐Ping
Published: August 2017

Objective

Radical lymph node dissection (LND) along the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a surgically challenging procedure with a high rate of morbidity. Here, we assessed in a retrospective manner the adequacy of LND along the RLN performed with robot‐assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy (RATE) versus video‐assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy (VATE) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective, propensity‐matched study. ESCC patients who underwent McKeown esophagectomy and bilateral RLN LND with a minimally invasive approach were divided into two groups according to the use of robot‐assisted surgery or not (RATE vs VATE, respectively). Using propensity score matching, 34 balanced matched pairs were identified. The number of dissected nodes as well as the rates of RLN palsy and perioperative complications served as the main outcome measures.

Results

No conversion to open thoracotomy occurred in either group. Intraoperative blood loss and the need of blood transfusions did not show significant intergroup differences. The mean number of dissected nodes was similar in the two study groups, the only exception being the left RLN area. Specifically, the mean number of nodes removed from this region was 5.32 in the RATE group and 3.38 in patients who received VATE (p = 0.007). Notably, the RATE and VATE groups did not differ significantly with regard to rates of both RLN palsy (20.6 vs 29.4%, respectively, p = 0.401) and pulmonary complications (5.9 vs 17.6%, respectively, p = 0.259).

Conclusions

Compared with VATE, RATE resulted in a higher lymph node yield along the left RLN without increasing morbidity.