bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problematyka poznańskich osiedli mieszkaniowych. Dlaczego przestrzeń modernistycznych osiedli jest martwa?
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Poznańska, Krańska Adrianna , Kaźmierczak Bartosz ,   Instytut Architektury, Urbanistyki i Ochrony Dziedzictwa, Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Poznańska
Published: October 2023

Artykuł rozważa negatywny wpływ strefowania funkcjonalnego i rozwiązań przestrzenno-formalnych osiedli modernistycznych na życie mieszkańców i ekologię na przykładzie osiedli w Poznaniu. Na podstawie teorii urbanistycznych i własnych obserwacji, uwzględniając kontekst historyczny, autorzy zauważają zalety i wady przestrzeni osiedli i definiują źródła jej negatywnego odbioru. W oparciu o współczesne idee urbanistyczne szukają rozwiązań mogących poprawić jakość przestrzeni tych struktur i życia w nich.
Miasto dla wszystkich, czyli jak równoważyć potrzeby kierowców i pieszych. Analiza ciągłości śródmiejskich traktów komunikacyjnych
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Poznańska, Otto Paulina , Kaźmierczak Bartosz ,   Instytut Architektury, Urbanistyki i Ochrony Dziedzictwa, Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Poznańska
Published: October 2023

Artykuł przedstawia problemy komunikacyjne występujące we współczesnych aglomeracjach. Jego podstawę stanowi analiza ciągłości traktów śródmiejskich w Poznaniu. Sprawdzano, w jakim zakresie miasto realizuje potrzeby pieszych i kierowców. Wskazano problemy wynikające z przyznawania pierwszeństwa jednej formie ruchu ponad innymi. Okazuje się, że badane węzły komunikacyjne pomimo zlokalizowania w śródmieściu nie spełniają tradycyjnych dla śródmieść funkcji.
Emisja zanieczyszczeń w strukturze miejskiej. Model aktualnych wyzwań proekologicznych i energooszczędnych w dostosowaniu miast do zmian klimatycznych
Authors:   Instytut Architektury i Urbanistyki, Wydział Budownictwa, Architektury i Inżynierii Środowiska, Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Skiba Marta , Bazan-Krzywoszańska Anna , Stępińska-Kaczmarczyk Agata
Published: October 2023

Na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych analiz można stwierdzić, że miejsca, do których (z zewnątrz) przepływa najwięcej azotu, wraz z różnymi produktami potrzebnymi do utrzymania funkcji miejskich, są również największymi emiterami zanieczyszczeń azotowych. Oprócz azotu miejsca te emitują również największą ilość gazów cieplarnianych oraz tych ze spalania węglowodorów. Na podstawie przedstawionego w artykule modelu obiegu azotu w mieście Zielona Góra można przygotować politykę zmniejszającą emisję zanieczyszczeń spowodowanych tradycyjnie rozwijającą się gospodarką, która ma wpływ na negatywne zmiany klimatyczne. Proponowane zmiany w polityce miejskiej powinny przeciwdziałać w miejscach największej emisji zanieczyszczeń oraz zmierzać do osiągnięcia gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym.
Place zabaw w krakowskich parkach
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Litwin Dominika , Morawska Paulina , Opyd Karolina , Wiśniewska Judyta
Published: October 2023

Artykuł dotyczy analizy wybranych placów zabaw na terenie krakowskich parków. Skoncentrowano się na obszarach, których powierzchnia parku wynosiła powyżej 15 ha, a ich lokalizacja mieściła się w trzech sąsiadujących dzielnicach miasta. Badania oparte zostały na indywidualnej analizie stanu i funkcjonowania placów zabaw, których wytycznymi była użytkowość terenu, aranżacja, zieleń, zanieczyszczenie powietrza oraz potencjalne zagrożenia i wady.
Choroidal Complications of Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: SIZMAZ Selçuk , ESEN Ebru , IŞIK Püren
Published: October 2023

Choroidal complications are relatively rare complications of vitreoretinal surgery. Suprachoroidal haemorrhage is the most common one bearing the worst prognosis with its reported incidence, albeit variable, 1%. Suprachoroidal haemorrhage occurs mostly intraoperatively; however, rare cases occured in postoperatif period have been reported. Intraoperative fluctuations are the most common cause of suprachoroidal haemorrhage. Additionally, distortion of the globe induced by surgical maneuvers, aphakia or pseudophakia, high myopia are the local and atherosclerosis, hypertension and anti-coagulant use are the systemic risk factors. On the other hand, with the enhanced fluidics of vitreoretinal surgery, the incidence of suprachoroidal haemorrhage has decreased. Diminished choroidal blood flow, choroidal toxcisity due to silicone oil, and localized choroidal detachment are the other choroid-related complications of vitreoretinal surgery.
Complications Related to Perfluorocarbon Liquids in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: ÖNEN Mehmet , ŞAHİN Muzaffer
Published: October 2023

The use of perfluorocarbon liquid in vitreoretinal surgery is increasing with the expansion of the indications. Unlike true tamponades, heavy fluids are an intraoperative tool and are not suitable to be retained after vitrectomy. Perfluorocarbon Liquids (PFCLs) are extremely useful as 'third hand' in many indications, but should not be overused because of their potential complications. Complications related to perfluorocarbon liquids are retinal toxicity, retention in the eye, retinal artery occlusion during injection into the eye, sticky silicone oil formation, and evaporation during the operation. A PFCL bubble inadvertently left in subretinal space is potentially toxic. Unless it is under the macula, it is not justified to perform surgery just to remove the bubble.
Долгосрочное воздействие long COVID на репродуктивную систему женщин: обзор литературы
Authors: Мойынбаева Ш.М. , Ауезова А.М. , Камалиев М.А. , Еркенова С.Е.
Published: October 2023

Актуальность: Пандемия COVID-19 существенно повлияла на показатели общественного здоровья. Хотя коронавирус известен в первую очередь своим воздействием на дыхательную систему, появляющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что коронавирус с тяжелым острым респираторным синдромом SARS-CoV-2 может также оказывать воздействие на другие системы органов, включая репродуктивную систему женщин.Цель исследования – анализ существующей литературы о долгосрочном воздействии COVID-19 на женскую репродуктивную систему.Материалы и методы: Проведен анализ публикаций, опубликованных с 2020 года по июль 2023 года, находящихся в базе данных PubMed, используя такие ключевые слова как «COVID-19», «женская репродуктивная система», «долгосрочное влияние COVID-19», «Long COVID», «миома», «фиброзы».Результаты: Анализ существующей современной литературы свидетельствует о малом количестве статей по исследованию долгосрочного влияния COVID-19 на репродуктивную систему женщин, тогда как достаточно много работ о том, как SARS-CoV-2 повлиял на различные аспекты женской репродуктивной системы вскоре после заражения вирусом. К ним относятся различные нарушения менструального цикла, задержки развития фолликулов, изменения функции яичников, осложнений беременности, а также психосоматические расстройства у женщин.Заключение: Имеющиеся литературные данные указывают на возможную роль «Длительного ковида (Long COVID)» в поражении репродуктивной системы женщин, однако мало известно о механизмах воздействия и долгосрочных последствиях инфекции. Поэтому важно провести дальнейшие углубленные исследования долгосрочного влияния инфекции на репродуктивные органы женщин.
The Impact of Free Guard Zone Rule Modification on the Game of Curling
Authors: AĞDUMAN Fatih , BEDİR Deniz
Published: October 2023

The Free Guard Zone (FGZ) rule, one of the most important elements that has been applied in the sport of curling for the last 30 years, was modified by the World Curling Federation in 2018 to add more excitement to the game. With the modification of the FGZ rule it is expected that the games will be played more competitively. The aim of this research is to examine the changes in various parameters such as the points generated per game, number of blank ends, total ends played, big ends and the extra end situation after the revised FGZ rule. Within the scope of the study elite level international competitions (Olympic Games, World and European Curling Championships) played for 3 years before (844 games) and after (908 games) the FGZ rule in the womens and mens category were evaluated. The data was taken from the Historical Results section of the World Curling Federation web page. Independent Sample t test was run in JASP 0.15.0.0 statistical analysis program. The level of significance was taken as p
“I Am a Poor Man with a Family”: Rangers, Social Welfare, and Monitor Networks in the Forests of Interwar Zlatna, Romania
Authors: Andrei George
Published: October 2023

In the interwar period, forestry emerged as a powerful tool through which state institutions attempted to shape social and natural environments in rural Romania. This article evaluates how criminality, poverty, surveillance, exploitation, and labor intersected in Romania’s forests through the figure of the forest ranger, responsible for a range of tasks from managing forest ecology to serving as the state’s representative in the woodlands. Using a microhistorical approach, the article recounts the story of a Zlatna ranger investigated for theft in the late 1920s. His story and the individuals involved offer important insight into the asymmetrical power relations and local social factors that negotiated the forests’ legibility. Rangers served as part crucial asset, part embarrassing liability, existing in a liminal space between the state and local society. Through local forestry agents, their informal networks, and the “involuntary monitors” these invariably created, state forestry officials had valuable points of contact with rural society. This article demonstrates the value of rural perspectives in historical studies, challenging prevailing notions that conceptualize rural people as simple, irrelevant, or singlemindedly opposed to the encroachment of the modern state.
Evidence for Large-scale, Rapid Gas Inflows in z ∼ 2 Star-forming Disks
Authors: Genzel R. , Jolly J.-B. , Liu D. , Price S. H. , Lee L. L. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Tacconi L. J. , Herrera-Camus R. , Barfety C. , Burkert A. , Cao Y. , Davies R. I. , Dekel A. , Lee M. M. , Lutz D. , Naab T. , Neri R. , Nestor Shachar A. , Pastras S. , Pulsoni C. , Renzini A. , Schuster K. , Shimizu T. T. , Stanley F. , Sternberg A. , Übler H.
Published: October 2023

We report high-quality Hα/CO imaging spectroscopy of nine massive (log median stellar mass = 10.65 M
⊙) disk galaxies on the star-forming main sequence (henceforth SFGs), near the peak of cosmic galaxy evolution (z ∼ 1.1–2.5), taken with the ESO Very Large Telescope, IRAM-NOEMA, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We fit the major axis position–velocity cuts with beam-convolved, forward models with a bulge, a turbulent rotating disk, and a dark matter (DM) halo. We include priors for stellar and molecular gas masses, optical light effective radii and inclinations, and DM masses from our previous rotation curve analysis of these galaxies. We then subtract the inferred 2D model-galaxy velocity and velocity dispersion maps from those of the observed galaxies. We investigate whether the residual velocity and velocity dispersion maps show indications for radial flows. We also carry out kinemetry, a model-independent tool for detecting radial flows. We find that all nine galaxies exhibit significant nontangential flows. In six SFGs, the inflow velocities (v

r
∼ 30–90 km s−1, 10%–30% of the rotational component) are along the minor axis of these galaxies. In two cases the inflow appears to be off the minor axis. The magnitudes of the radial motions are in broad agreement with the expectations from analytic models of gravitationally unstable, gas-rich disks. Gravitational torques due to clump and bar formation, or spiral arms, drive gas rapidly inward and result in the formation of central disks and large bulges. If this interpretation is correct, our observations imply that gas is transported into the central regions on ∼10 dynamical timescales.
Effective Reaction Temperatures of Irreversible Dust Chemical Reactions in a Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Ishizaki Lily , Tachibana Shogo , Okamoto Tamami , Yamamoto Daiki , Ida Shigeru
Published: October 2023

Dust particles in protoplanetary disks experience various chemical reactions under different physicochemical conditions through their accretion and diffusion, which results in the radial chemical gradient of dust. We performed three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the dust trajectories and the progress of fictitious irreversible reactions, of which kinetics is expressed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. The distribution of the highest temperature that each particle experiences before the degree of reaction exceeds a certain level shows the lognormal distribution, and its mode temperature was used as the effective reaction temperature. Semi-analytical prediction formulas of the effective reaction temperature and its dispersion were derived by comparing a reaction timescale with a diffusive transport timescale of dust as a function of the reaction parameters and the disk parameters. The formulas reproduce the numerical results of the effective reaction temperatures and their dispersions within 5.5% and 24%, respectively, in a wide temperature range (200–1400 K). We applied the formulas for the crystallization of amorphous silicate dust and its oxygen isotope exchange with the H2O vapor based on the experimentally determined kinetics. For submicron-sized amorphous forsterite dust, the predicted effective reaction temperature for the oxygen isotope exchange was lower than that of crystallization without overlap even considering their dispersions. This suggests that the amorphous silicate dust in the protosolar disk could exchange their oxygen isotopes efficiently with the 16O-poor H2O vapor, resulting in the distinct oxygen isotope compositions from the Sun.
Asteroseismology Sheds Light on the Origin of Carbon-deficient Red Giants: Likely Merger Products and Linked to the Li-rich Giants
Authors: Maben Sunayana , Campbell Simon W. , Kumar Yerra Bharat , Reddy Bacham E. , Zhao Gang
Published: October 2023

Carbon-deficient red giants (CDGs) are a peculiar class of stars that have eluded explanation for decades. We aim to better characterize CDGs by using asteroseismology (Kepler, TESS) combined with spectroscopy (APOGEE, LAMOST), and astrometry (Gaia). We discovered 15 new CDGs in the Kepler field, and confirm that CDGs are rare, as they are only 0.15% of our background sample. Remarkably, we find that our CDGs are almost exclusively in the red clump (RC) phase. Asteroseismic masses reveal that our CDGs are primarily low-mass stars (M ≲ 2 M
⊙), in contrast to previous studies, which suggested they are intermediate mass (M = 2.5–5.0 M
⊙) based on HR diagrams. A very high fraction of our CDGs (50%) are also Li-rich giants. We observe a bimodal distribution of luminosity in our CDGs, with one group having normal RC luminosity and the other being a factor of 2 more luminous than expected for their masses. We find demarcations in chemical patterns and luminosities, which lead us to split them into three groups: (i) normal-luminosity CDGs, (ii) overluminous CDGs, and (iii) overluminous highly polluted CDGs. We conclude that a merger of a helium white dwarf with a red giant branch star is the most likely scenario for the two groups of overluminous stars. Binary mass-transfer from intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars is a possibility for the highly polluted overluminous group. For the normal-luminosity CDGs, we cannot distinguish between core He-flash pollution or lower-mass merger scenarios. Due to the overlap with the CDGs, Li-rich giants may have similar formation channels.
The Galaxy Number Density Profile of Halos
Authors: Qin Fei , Parkinson David , Stevens Adam R. H. , Howlett Cullan
Published: October 2023

More precise measurements of galaxy clustering will be provided by the next generation of galaxy surveys, such as DESI, WALLABY, and the Square Kilometre Array. To utilize this information to improve our understanding of the Universe, we need to accurately model the distribution of galaxies in their host dark matter halos. In this work, we present a new galaxy number density profile of halos, which makes predictions for the positions of galaxies in the host halo, different to the widely adopted Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) profile, since galaxies tend to be found more in the outskirts of halos (nearer the virial radius) than an NFW profile. The parameterized galaxy number density profile model of halos is fit and tested using the Dark Sage semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. We find that our galaxy number density profile model of halos can accurately reproduce the halo occupation distribution and galaxy two-point correlation function of the Dark Sage simulation. We also derive the analytic expressions for the circular velocity and gravitational potential energy for this profile model. We use the SDSS Data Release 10 galaxy group catalog to validate this galaxy number density profile model of halos. Compared to the NFW profile, we find that our model more accurately predicts the positions of galaxies in their host halo and the galaxy two-point correlation function.
The Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Survey: Design and X-Ray Point-source Catalog
Authors: Wright Nicholas J. , Drake Jeremy J. , Guarcello Mario G. , Aldcroft Tom L. , Kashyap Vinay L. , Damiani Francesco , DePasquale Joe , Fruscione Antonella
Published: October 2023

The Cygnus OB2 association is the largest concentration of young and massive stars within 2 kpc of the Sun, including an estimated ∼65 O-type stars and hundreds of OB stars. The Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Survey is a large imaging program undertaken with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The survey has imaged the central 0.5 deg2 of the Cyg OB2 association with an effective exposure of ∼120 ks and an outer 0.35 deg2 area with an exposure of ∼60 ks. Here we describe the survey design and observations, discuss the data reduction and source detection, and present a catalog of ∼8000 X-ray point sources. The survey design employs a grid of 36 heavily (∼50%) overlapping pointings, a method that overcomes Chandra's low off-axis sensitivity and produces a highly uniform exposure over the inner 0.5 deg2. The full X-ray catalog is described here and is made available online.
Simulating the Sensitivity to Stellar Point Sources of Chandra X-Ray Observations
Authors: Wright Nicholas J. , Drake Jeremy J. , Guarcello Mario G. , Kashyap Vinay L. , Zezas Andreas
Published: October 2023

The Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Survey is a wide and deep X-ray survey of the nearby and massive Cygnus OB2 association. The survey has detected ∼8000 X-ray sources, the majority of which are pre-main-sequence X-ray-emitting young stars in the association itself. To facilitate quantitative scientific studies of these sources, as well as the underlying OB association, it is important to understand the sensitivity of the observations and the level of completeness the observations have obtained. Here we describe the use of a hierarchical Monte Carlo simulation to achieve this goal by combining the empirical properties of the observations, analytic estimates of the source verification process, and an extensive set of source detection simulations. We find that our survey reaches a 90% completeness level for a pre-main-sequence population at the distance of Cyg OB2 at an X-ray luminosity of 4 × 1030 erg s−1 and a stellar mass of 1.3 M
⊙ for a randomly distributed population. For a spatially clustered population such as Cyg OB2 the 90% completeness level is reached at 1.1 M
⊙ instead, as the sources are more concentrated in areas of our survey with a high exposure. These simulations can easily be adapted for use with other X-ray observations and surveys, and we provide X-ray detection efficiency curves for a very wide array of source and background properties to allow these simulations to be easily exploited by other users.
Optical and Infrared Counterparts of the X-Ray Sources Detected in the Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Survey
Authors: Guarcello M. G. , Drake J. J. , Wright N. J. , Naylor T. , Flaccomio E. , Kashyap V. L. , García-Alvarez D.
Published: October 2023

The young massive OB association Cygnus OB2, in the Cygnus X complex, is the closest (∼1400 pc) star-forming region to the Sun hosting thousands of young low-mass stars and up to 1000 OB stars, among which are some of the most massive stars known in our Galaxy. This region holds great importance for several fields of modern astrophysics, such as the study of the physical properties of massive and young low-mass stars and the feedback provided by massive stars on star and planet formation processes. Cyg OB2 has been recently observed with Chandra/ACIS-I as part of the 1.08 Ms Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Project. This survey detected 7924 X-ray sources in a square degree area centered on Cyg OB2. Since a proper classification and study of the observed X-ray sources also requires the analysis of their optical and infrared counterparts, we combined a large and deep set of optical and infrared catalogs available for this region with our new X-ray catalog. In this paper we describe the matching procedure and present the combined catalog containing 5703 sources. We also briefly discuss the nature of the X-ray sources with optical and infrared counterparts using their position in the color–magnitude and color–color diagrams.
Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
Authors: Albacete-Colombo J. F. , Drake J. J. , Flaccomio E. , Wright N. J. , Kashyap V. , Guarcello M. G. , Briggs K. , Drew J. E. , Fenech D. M. , Micela G. , McCollough M. , Prinja R. K. , Schneider N. , Sciortino S. , Vink J. S.
Published: October 2023

We present a large-scale study of diffuse X-ray emission in the nearby massive stellar association Cygnus OB2 as part of the Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Program. We used 40 Chandra X-ray ACIS-I observations covering ∼1.0 deg2. After removing 7924 point sources detected in our survey and applying adaptive smoothing to the background-corrected X-ray emission, the adaptive smoothing reveals large-scale diffuse X-ray emission. Diffuse emission was detected in the subbands soft (0.5−1.2 keV) and medium (1.2−2.5 keV) and marginally in the hard (2.5−7.0 keV) band. From X-ray spectral analysis of stacked spectra we compute a total (0.5–7.0 keV) diffuse X-ray luminosity of

L
X
diff

≈

4.2 × 1034 erg s−1, characterized by plasma temperature components at kT ≈ 0.11, 0.40, and 1.18 keV, respectively. The H i absorption column density corresponding to these temperatures has a distribution consistent with N
H = (0.43, 0.80, 1.39) × 1022 cm−2. The extended medium-band energy emission likely arises from O-type stellar winds thermalized by wind−wind collisions in the most populated regions of the association, while the soft-band emission probably arises from less energetic termination shocks against the surrounding interstellar medium. Supersoft and soft diffuse emission appears more widely dispersed and intense than the medium-band emission. The diffuse X-ray emission is generally spatially coincident with low-extinction regions that we attribute to the ubiquitous influence of powerful stellar winds from massive stars and their interaction with the local interstellar medium. Diffuse X-ray emission is volume filling, rather than edge brightened, oppositely to other star-forming regions. We reveal the first observational evidence of X-ray halos around some evolved massive stars.
X-Ray Spectral Characterization of the Young Cygnus OB2 Population
Authors: Flaccomio E. , Albacete-Colombo J. F. , Drake J. J. , Guarcello M. G. , Kashyap V. , Wright N. J. , Briggs K. , Ercolano B. , McCollough M. , Sciortino S.
Published: October 2023

We analyze the X-ray spectra of the ∼8000 sources detected in the Cygnus OB2 Chandra Legacy Survey (this focus issue), with the goals of characterizing the coronal plasma of the young low-mass stars in the region and estimating their intrinsic X-ray luminosities. We adopt two different strategies for X-ray sources for which more or less than 20 photons were detected. For the brighter sample we fit the spectra with absorbed isothermal models. In order to limit uncertainties, for most of the fainter Cygnus OB2 members in this sample we constrain the spectral parameters to characteristic ranges defined from the brightest stars. For X-ray sources with <20 net photons we adopt a conversion factor from detected photon flux to intrinsic flux. This was defined, building on the results for the previous sample, as a function of the 20% quantile of the detected photon energy distributions, which we prove to also correlate well with extinction. We then use the X-ray extinction from the spectral fits to constrain the ratio between optical and X-ray extinction toward Cyg OB2, finding it consistent with standard “Galactic” values, when properly accounting for systematics. Finally, we exploit the large number of sources to constrain the average coronal abundances of several elements, through two different ensemble analyses of the X-ray spectra of low-mass Cyg OB2 members. We find the pattern of abundances to be largely consistent with that derived for the young stellar coronae in the Orion Nebula Cluster.
Photoevaporation and Close Encounters: How the Environment around Cygnus OB2 Affects the Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Guarcello M. G. , Drake J. J. , Wright N. J. , Albacete-Colombo J. F. , Clarke C. , Ercolano B. , Flaccomio E. , Kashyap V. , Micela G. , Naylor T. , Schneider N. , Sciortino S. , Vink J. S.
Published: October 2023

In our Galaxy, star formation occurs in a variety of environments, with a large fraction of stars formed in clusters hosting massive stars. OB stars have an important feedback on the evolution of protoplanetary disks orbiting around nearby young stars and likely on the process of planet formation occurring in them. The nearby massive association Cyg OB2 is an outstanding laboratory to study this feedback. It is the closest massive association to our Sun and hosts hundreds of massive stars and thousands of low-mass members, both with and without disks. In this paper, we analyze the spatial variation of the disk fraction (i.e., the fraction of cluster members bearing a disk) in Cyg OB2 and study its correlation with the local values of far-ultraviolet (FUV) and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation fields and the local stellar surface density. We present definitive evidence that disks are more rapidly dissipated in the regions of the association characterized by intense local UV fields and large stellar density. In particular, the FUV radiation dominates disk dissipation timescales in the proximity (i.e., within 0.5 pc) of the O stars. In the rest of the association, EUV photons potentially induce a significant mass loss from the irradiated disks across the entire association, but the efficiency of this process is reduced at increasing distances from the massive stars owing to absorption by the intervening intracluster material. We find that disk dissipation due to close stellar encounters is negligible in Cyg OB2 and likely to have affected 1% or fewer of the stellar population. Disk dissipation is instead dominated by photoevaporation. We also compare our results to what has been found in other young clusters with different massive populations, concluding that massive associations like Cyg OB2 are potentially hostile to protoplanetary disks but that the environments where disks can safely evolve in planetary systems are likely quite common in our Galaxy.
Classification of Chandra X-Ray Sources in Cygnus OB2
Authors: Kashyap Vinay L. , Guarcello Mario G. , Wright Nicholas J. , Drake Jeremy J. , Flaccomio Ettore , Aldcroft Tom L. , Albacete Colombo Juan F. , Briggs Kevin , Damiani Francesco , Drew Janet E. , Martin Eduardo L. , Micela Giusi , Naylor Tim , Sciortino Salvatore
Published: October 2023

We have devised a predominantly Naive Bayes−based method to classify X-ray sources detected by Chandra in the Cygnus OB2 association into members, foreground objects, and background objects. We employ a variety of X-ray, optical, and infrared characteristics to construct likelihoods using training sets defined by well-measured sources. Combinations of optical photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (riz) and Isaac Newton Telescope Photometric Hα Survey (r

I

i

I
Hα), infrared magnitudes from United Kingdom Infrared Telescope Deep Sky Survey and Two-Micron All Sky Survey (JHK), X-ray quantiles and hardness ratios, and estimates of extinction A

v
are used to compute the relative probabilities that a given source belongs to one of the classes. Principal component analysis is used to isolate the best axes for separating the classes for the photometric data, and Gaussian component separation is used for X-ray hardness and extinction. Errors in the measurements are accounted for by modeling as Gaussians and integrating over likelihoods approximated as quartic polynomials. We evaluate the accuracy of the classification by inspection and reclassify a number of sources based on infrared magnitudes, the presence of disks, and spectral hardness induced by flaring. We also consider systematic errors due to extinction. Of the 7924 X-ray detections, 5501 have a total of 5597 optical/infrared matches, including 78 with multiple counterparts. We find that ≈6100 objects are likely association members, ≈1400 are background objects, and ≈500 are foreground objects, with an accuracy of 96%, 93%, and 80%, respectively, with an overall classification accuracy of approximately 95%.
Climate and Air Quality Indices for the European Social Survey
Authors: Orten Hilde , Rayner David , Stavestrand Eirik , Alfredsson Iris , Lace Ilze , Vipavc Brvar Irena , Dolinar Maja , Wackerow Joachim , Clark Hannah
Published: October 2023

Knowledge of how personal experience with climate and air quality influence personal attitudes, concerns, and actions about environmental issues is increasingly important. A solid foundation for such studies is to combine interview or survey data on respondents’ attitudes and beliefs with indices created from independent meteorological or environmental monitoring data matched to the respondents location.

In this project,  indicators of climate and air pollution were integrated with data from the European Social Survey for a selection of large European urban regions. A prototype provenance description application was also developed for describing the workflow for creating indicators and integrating data.

Our main focus was on creating indicators that represent regional anomalies in local air quality and weather for a range of time windows up-to-and-including the dates of the interviews. The goal is to facilitate investigation of relationships between urban citizen’s attitudes and behaviors as represented in the survey responses and the conditions in their local environment.  
Australia’s east coast humpback whales: Satellite tag-derived movements on breeding grounds, feeding grounds and along the northern and southern migration
Authors: Andrews-Goff Virginia , Gales Nick , Childerhouse Simon , Laverick Sarah , Polanowski Andrea , Double Michael
Published: October 2023

Satellite tags were deployed on 50 east Australian humpback whales (breeding stock E1) in 2008, 2009, and 2010 on their southward migration, northward migration, and feeding grounds in order to identify and describe migratory pathways, feeding grounds, and possible calving areas. At the time, these movements were not well understood, and calving grounds were not clearly identified. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset details all long-term, implantable tag deployments that have occurred to date on breeding stock E1. As such, this data provides researchers, regulators, and industry with clear and valuable insight into the spatial and temporal nature of humpback whale movement along the eastern coastline of Australia and into the Southern Ocean. As this population of humpback whales navigates an increasingly complex habitat undergoing various development pressures and anthropogenic disturbances, in addition to climate-mediated changes in their marine environment, this dataset may also provide a valuable baseline.

At the time these tracks were generated, these were the first satellite tag deployments intended to deliver long-term, detailed movement information on east Australian (breeding stock E1) humpback whales. The tracking data revealed previously unknown migratory pathways into the Southern Ocean, with 11 individuals tracked to their Antarctic feeding grounds. Once assumed to head directly south on their southern migration, five individuals initially travelled west towards New Zealand. Six tracks detailed the coastal movement of humpback whales migrating south. One tag transmitted a partial southern migration, then ceased transmissions only to begin transmitting eight months later as the animal was migrating north. Northern migration to breeding grounds was detailed for 13 individuals, with four tracks including turning points and partial southern migrations. Another 14 humpback whales were tagged in Antarctica, providing detailed Antarctic feeding ground movements.

Broadly speaking, the tracking data revealed a pattern of movement where whales were at their northern limit in July and their southern limit in March. Migration north was most rapid across the months of May and June, whilst migration south was most rapid between November and December. Tagged humpback whales were located on their Antarctic feeding grounds predominantly between January and May and approached their breeding grounds between July and August. Tracking distances ranged from 68 km to 8580 km and 1 to 286 days. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset compiles all of the long-term tag deployments that have occurred to date on breeding stock E1.
Mining biodiversity databases establishes a global baseline of cosmopolitan Insecta mOTUs: a case study on Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera) with consequences for biological control programs
Authors: Moore Matthew R. , Talamas Elijah J. , Bremer Jonathan S. , McGathey Natalie , Fulton James C. , Lahey Zachary , Awad Jessica , Roberts Cheryl G. , Combee Lynn A.
Published: October 2023

In the past decade, several species of platygastroid wasps were found to be adventive in North America and Europe while under evaluation in quarantine as biological control agents of invasive pests. The scope and relative risk of this phenomenon is not fully known, but it is clearly a trend with implications for classical biological control. As a means of assessing the issue and to provide a global baseline, we implemented a data-mining approach with DNA sequences in the Barcode of Life Database, yielding 201 platygastroid BINs with intercontinental and island distributions. At least fifty-five BINs displayed exact COI barcode matches across continents, with many more BINs scored as inconclusive due to sequence length variation. These intercontinental and island BINs include biocontrol agents known to be adventive, as well as many species identified only to genus with uncertain geographic origins. We provide 2,500 identifications for platygastroid BOLD BINs, 88% to genus, to encourage additional research on this distributional phenomenon. The intercontinental BOLD BINs were compared to literature records and GBIF occurrences of cosmopolitan species to identify gaps and discordance across data sources. Smaller COI barcode datasets from localities in Florida and Germany, including topotypical specimens, revealed more intercontinental matches. We analyzed COI sequences in BOLD for the entirety of Insecta and Araneae to assess this phenomenon more broadly and because these taxa contain many hosts for platygastroid wasps. This method revealed that the intercontinental distribution phenomenon is widespread with implications for assessing biological diversity, taxonomic methodology and regulatory frameworks.
Disruptions caused by invasive species and climate change on the functional diversity of a fish community
Authors: Souza Allan T. , Dias Ester , Antunes Carlos , Ilarri Martina
Published: October 2023

As the effects of climate change continue to intensify, non-native species are becoming more prevalent in estuarine ecosystems. This has implications for the taxonomic and functional diversity of fish communities. Historically, biodiversity has been a synonym of taxonomic diversity, however this approach often fails to provide accurate insights on ecosystem functioning and resilience. To better understand how climate change is impacting fishes and their traits’ composition, a long-term dataset from Minho Estuary (NW Iberian Peninsula) fish assemblage was analyzed. The results suggest that climate change and extreme weather events altered the prevailing trait modalities of fishes, which led to the overall decrease in functional diversity of the fish assemblage over the course of a decade. This decrease is associated to the loss of some trait modalities that are exclusively found in native species. On the other hand, the invasive species added novel traits associated with the conditions of high temperatures and low precipitation regime currently observed in the studied area. Our results highlight that the shift in the presence and dominance of some traits is directly influenced by climatic changes. Also, despite the addition of novel modalities by the invasive species, the fish assemblage is now less functional and taxonomically diverse than previously.

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La place contemporaine des écrans dans les systèmes familiaux…
Authors: Humbeek Bruno
Published: October 2023

L’article décrit l’évolution de la place des écrans depuis la télévision familiale (unique) des débuts jusqu’à l’introduction beaucoup moins consensuelle des diverses formes d’écrans actuelles. Des tensions autour du temps que les membres de la famille leur consacrent émergent, ainsi que des tendances à l’isolement et des prises de distance. L’auteur souligne combien les familles sont soumises ainsi à de nouveaux impératifs dont ceux concernant les manières de préserver des temps libres et des temps partagés nécessaires à une identité commune, ceci conduisant selon lui à une révolution systémique.
Les écrans sont-ils des tiers ?
Authors: Marcelli Daniel
Published: October 2023

Un marteau tenu par une main enfonce un clou. Ce marteau est-il un tiers entre la main et le clou ? Dans une logique formelle, peut-être. Dans l’ordre des relations humaines certainement pas : le tiers est là pour ouvrir une relation, éviter l’enfermement dyadique. Dans ces conditions, les écrans et les logiciels qui les accompagnent peuvent-ils être considérés comme des tiers ? Après avoir rappelé quelques données épidémiologiques sur la consommation quantitative et qualitative de ces écrans, cet article tente de déconstruire les multiples usages des écrans en distinguant ce qui relève de l’outil augmentant les compétences de l’utilisateur tout comme le marteau augmente la force de la main et ce qui relève des usages ludiques. Entre les deux, l’économie de l’attention, discipline née avec les écrans, dévoile son objectif essentiel : capter l’attention. Aussi plus qu’un tiers, l’écran fonctionne d’abord et avant tout comme un miroir au service de cette capture.
Une « chaise vide » pour travailler avec les familles affectées par une maladie neuro-évolutive
Authors: Ballarin-Chamillard Emmanuelle
Published: October 2023

La thérapie par l’externalisation est issue des thérapies narratives proposées dans les années 80. Cette approche consiste pour le thérapeute à veiller dans sa narration à dissocier le patient du problème pour lequel il consulte, et à le considérer comme une entité à part entière. L’objet de cet article est de montrer la manière d’utiliser cette pratique clinique avec des familles touchées par une maladie neuro-évolutive telle que la maladie de Parkinson. Nous illustrerons le propos à partir d’une vignette clinique décrivant l’utilisation de la chaise vide comme objet flottant pour restituer une place de sujet pensant au patient désigné. Cette démarche thérapeutique permet d’activer les compétences de la famille à penser et agir la souffrance de chacun.
Yearly Occurrence and Seasonality of Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Pediatric Lyme Disease
Authors: Silverstein Marlee , Jordan Catherine O. , Aylward Shawn C. , Inger Hilliary
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

To review the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of Lyme disease at a central Ohio pediatric tertiary care center.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed as having Lyme disease from September 2015 to September 2020 was completed. Demographic information, diagnosis dates, and manifestations of Lyme disease were recorded. Patients were excluded for age older than 18 years or lack of corroborated Lyme disease diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results:

Of the 212 cases of pediatric Lyme disease reviewed, 50 patients had neuroborreliosis. The data showed an increase in Lyme disease and neuroborreliosis cases from 2018 to 2020, with a preponderance of diagnoses in the summer months. Twenty-four patients had meningitis, and 6 of these patients (25%) were diagnosed as having bilateral optic disc edema that was clinically consistent with intracranial hypertension.

Conclusions:

Papilledema in the setting of Lyme meningitis may be more common than previously reported in central Ohio. If Lyme disease meningitis is suspected, an opening pressure should be recorded at the time of lumbar puncture and, if elevated, an ophthalmologic evaluation for optic nerve edema is indicated.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(3):179–182.]
Efficacy of Topical Timolol Eye Drops in Treatment of Myopic Regression After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction: A Case Report
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Xiong Lu , Zhang Bo , Wang Zheng
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

To describe a patient with high myopia who experienced slight myopic regression twice during follow-up after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), which can be eased by topical treatment of timolol.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

Six months after a SMILE procedure for high myopia in both eyes, the patient's uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 0.8 and both eyes lost one line compared to preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) by myopic shift, which was accompanied by central corneal epithelial thickening. After 2 months of treatment with topical timolol eye drops, the UDVA improved two more lines with flattened corneal curvature and thinned epithelial thickness. After 5 months without timolol treatment, he lost two lines of UDVA again with thicker epithelial thickness. After another 2 months of treatment with timolol, the epithelial thickness could be seen to have thinned month by month, and the UDVA improved two or more lines. There was no notable myopic shift in both eyes for the next 3 months with medication withdrawal. During the whole follow-up period, the change in corneal and epithelial thickness remarkably fluctuated with the timolol treatment, but the posterior corneal curvature was stable.

Conclusions:

This case report describes refractive regression that can repeatedly occur in the middle and long term after a SMILE procedure for high myopia, which could be correlated with the thickening of the central corneal epithelium. Treatment with timolol eye drops can help to improve visual acuity by thinning the compensated epithelial thickness to flatten corneal curvature.

[
Journal of Refractive Surgery Case Reports.
2023;3(4):e47–e52.]
Study of ordering in 2D ferromagnetic nanoparticles arrays: Computer simulation
Authors: Belim Sergey V.
Published: October 2023

This article describes ordering in a 2D ferromagnetic nanoparticles array by computer simulation. The Heisenberg model simulates the behavior of spins in nanoparticles. Nanoparticles interact using dipole-dipole forces. Computer simulations use the Monte Carlo method and Metropolis algorithm. Two possible types of ordering for the nanoparticles' magnetic moments are detected in the system. The magnetic anisotropy direction for the nanoparticles determines the type of ordering. If the anisotropy direction is oriented perpendicular to the substrate plane, then a superantiferromagnetic phase with staggered magnetization is realized. If the magnetic anisotropy is oriented in the nanoparticle plane, the superantiferromagnetic phase has a different structure. The nanoparticle array is broken into chains parallel to the anisotropy orientations. In one chain of nanoparticles, magnetic moments are oriented in the same way. The magnetic moments of the nanoparticles are oriented oppositely in neighbor chains. The temperature of phase transitions is calculated based on finite dimensional scaling theory. Temperature depends linearly on the intensity of the dipole-dipole interaction for both types of superantiferromagnetic transition.
The a posteriori error estimate in fractional differential equations using generalized Jacobi functions
Authors: Tang Bo , Wang Huasheng
Published: October 2023

In this work, we study a posteriori error analysis of a general class of fractional initial value problems and fractional boundary value problems. A Petrov-Galerkin spectral method is adopted as the discretization technique in which the generalized Jacobi functions are utilized as basis functions for constructing efficient spectral approximations. The unique solvability of the weak problems is established by verifying the Babuška-Brezzi inf-sup condition. Then, we introduce some residual-type a posteriori error estimators, and deduce their efficiency and reliability in properly weighted Sobolev space. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the performance of the obtained error estimators.
Geometrization of string cloud spacetime in general relativity
Authors: Siddiqi Mohd Danish , Khan Meraj Ali , Al-Dayel Ibrahim , Masood Khalid
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyze the behavior of spacetime using a string cloud energy-momentum tensor $ \mathcal{T} $ having string cloud fluid density $ \rho $ and string tension $ \lambda $, named relativistic string cloud spacetime. We obtain some results for string cloud spacetime with a divergence-free matter tensor and a diminishing space matter tensor. Next, we discuss some curvature characteristics, such as conformally flat, Ricci semi-symmetric and pseudo-Ricci-symmetric, for relativistic string cloud spacetime. In addition, we gain a condition that coincides with the equation of state for the cloud of geometric strings in Ricci semi-symmetric string cloud spacetime.
A novel numerical scheme for reproducing kernel space of 2D fractional diffusion equations
Authors: Tian Siyu , Liu Boyu , Wang Wenyan
Published: October 2023

A novel method is presented for reproducing kernel of a 2D fractional diffusion equation. The exact solution is expressed as a series, which is then truncated to get an approximate solution. In addition, some techniques to improve existing methods are also proposed. The proposed approach is easy to implement. It is proved that both the approximate solution and its partial derivatives converge to their exact solutions. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective and can provide a high precision global approximate solution.