bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Leaf Scorch Caused by Xylella fastidiosa: A Kentucky Survey; A Unique Pathogen; and Bur Oak, A New Host
Authors: Hartman J. R. , Eshenaur B. C. , Jarlfors U. E.
Published: April 2022

Bacterial leaf scorch caused byXylella fastidiosawas detected using an ELISA test from 1989 to 1993 in symptomatic pin, red, shingle, and white oak; sycamore; and red maple in 16 Kentucky cities and towns distributed statewide. The disease was also detected in southern Indiana and in Tennessee. Leaf petiole xylem elements of affected trees were partially occluded with bacteria. Examination of the causal agent by electron microscopy revealed bacteria with unusual scalloped or rippled cell walls, typical ofX. fastidiosa. Bacterial leaf scorch was identified for the first time in bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) in Lexington, Kentucky. Symptoms included marginal leaf necrosis, premature leaf browning, and defoliation. The disease was confirmed by detecting the pathogen with an ELISA test and by electron microscopic observation of the causal agent in leaf petiole tissues. Detection of bacterial leaf scorch has now progressed from coastal states to the U.S. interior.
Variable Urban Irradiance and Shade Acclimation in Norway Maple Street Trees
Authors: Kjelgren Roger
Published: April 2022

Shade acclimation response of Emerald Queen Norway maple street trees to variable irradiance levels in an urban setting was investigated. Specific leaf area, trunk growth, and crown density were measured in thirteen sites ranging from urban canyons in the business core to open exposures in residential areas of Seattle, Washington. Percentage of potential seasonal input of global shortwave radiation for each site was modeled based on the azimuth and elevation angles of the surrounding horizon topography. Building height in the business core reduced estimated potential seasonal irradiance to 27-90% of that for an unobstructed horizon topography, while those outside the business core had 90-95% of potential irradiance. As potential irradiance decreased these maples exhibited growth responses characteristic of shade acclimation in a dose-response pattern. Specific leaf area increased and trunk growth and crown density decreased to acclimated levels between 70-85% of potential irradiance. Shade acclimation did not detract from the appearance or utility of these trees in the urban canyon
A New Urban Tree Soil to Safely Increase Rooting Volumes Under Sidewalks
Authors: Grabosky Jason , Bassuk Nina
Published: April 2022

Soil compaction, which is necessary to safely support sidewalks and pavement, conflicts with urban trees' need for usable rooting space to support healthy tree growth. We have defined a rigid soil medium that will safely bear loads required by engineering standards yet still allow for rapid root exploration and growth. This was accomplished by forming a stone matrix and suspending soil within the matrix pores with the assistance of a hydrogel gluing agent. Initial studies using three stone types and various stone to soil ratios showed that the compacted stone-soil test medium (dry densities > 1700 kg/m3) increased root growth by a minimum of 320% over the compacted clay loam control (dry density of 1378 kg/m3). The proposed system can safely bear load demonstrated by California Bearing Ratios consistently exceeding 40. Discussion of a critical mixing ratio is presented as an approach for developing a specification for field installation.
Managed Development of Tree Roots: I. Ultra-Deep Rootball and Root Barrier Effects on European Hackberry
Authors: Barker Philip
Published: April 2022

Four-year-old seedlings of European hackberry (Celtis australis) with rootballs 35 cm (14 in.) and 70 cm (28 in.) deep, were field planted in northern California in April 1986 to compare root development as affected by rootball depth and a casing that fit snugly around the rootball to function as a root barrier. Three growing seasons later, the roots of each tree were excavated to a 32-cm depth in an area within approximately 1 m radius from the trunk and the dry weights of these roots determined. Root weight was significantly different between the two root barrier treatments but not between the two rootball depths.
Validation of a Tree Failure Evaluation System
Authors: Hickman Gary W. , Perry Ed , Evans Richard
Published: April 2022

In 1987, 695 oak trees,Quercus lobataandQ. wizlizeniiwere evaluated using a nine-component rating system. In 1994, the trees were reevaluated to validate the original system in predicting tree failure. Analysis of the results showed that 3 components [decline (vigor), trunk condition and lean] correctly predicted subsequent tree failure or survival. Decline, a relative measure of leaf cover and color, was the most important factor in predicting total tree failure.
Comparison of Branch Failure During Static Loading of Silver and Norway Maples
Authors: Lilly Sharon , Sydnor T. Davis
Published: April 2022

Trees in the urban setting can be a hazard to utility lines, structures, traffic flow and pedestrians. Identifying characteristics that make limbs prone to failure could help save money and lives. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of branch angle, form, and wood specific gravity on susceptibility to failure during static loading. Branches of silver (Acer saccharinum) and Norway (Acer platanoides) maple were mechanically broken. Forces causing failure were measured. No correlation was found between bending stress and branch angle or wood specific gravity. Silver and Norway maples were similar in susceptibility to failure.
The Vegetation of Marica - Rio De Janeiro Sandbanks
Authors: Crichyno Jorge
Published: April 2022

This work studied the vegetation of the Marica - Rio de Janeiro sandbanks from 1993 to 1994. It identifies local specimens of trees and bushes that have potential for use in landscape projects on the Brazilian seacoast.
Potential of Tree Shade for Reducing Residential Energy Use in California
Authors: Simpson James , McPherson E. Gregory
Published: April 2022

Electric utilities in California currently sponsor planting of approximately 75,000 yard trees annually as an energy conservation measure. In this study we evaluated the potential effects of tree shade on residential air conditioning and heating energy use for a range of tree orientations, building insulation levels and climate zones in California using computer simulation. Trees shading a home's west exposure produced the largest savings, both annual (kWh) and peak (kW), for all climate zones and insulation levels considered. Next largest savings were for southwest (annual and peak) and east (annual only) locations. Three trees (two on the west, one on the east side) reduced annual energy use for cooling 10 to 50 percent (200 to 600 kWh, $30 to $110) and peak electrical use up to 23 percent (0.7 kW). Except in climates with little air-conditioning demand, cooling load reductions were always greater than increased heating loads associated with shade from south side trees in winter. Air-conditioning savings, both peak and annual, were larger in warmer climates and uninsulated buildings; percentage savings were larger in cooler climates and for more energy efficient buildings. Recommendations are made regarding locating yard trees to maximize energy savings.
Red Maple and Silver Maple Growth Evaluated 10 Years After Application of Paclobutrazoltree Growth Regulator
Authors: Burch Patrick , Wells Richard , Kline William
Published: April 2022

Trees treated with soil-injected paclobutrazol tree growth regulator (TGR) were compared to untreated trees 10 years after treatment. Red maple and silver maple were treated in 1984, 2 months after being trimmed, with 0.5,1.0, or 2.0 g of active ingredient (gai) per inch diameter at breast height (dbh). The volume of delivery varied for silver maple (300, 1500, or 3000 mL per tree); however, red maple were all treated at 1500 mL per tree. The untreated trees required trimming again in 1988 and 1990. No information was collected at these trimming dates. All trees, treated and untreated, were then trimmed in 1994; the biomass removed and the time taken to trim and chip the trees were recorded for each tree. Treated trees had significantly less biomass removed than did untreated trees. Considering that the untreated trees had been trimmed an additional two times, further separation between the treated and untreated trees was evident. Reductions in biomass correlate well with reductions in time required to trim the trees and chip the biomass removed. Differences among application volumes demonstrated the importance of proper TGR placement for best results. At higher application volumes, there were no significant differences between the 1- and 2-g rates.
Interference Factors Responsible for Resistance of Forb-Grass Cover Types to Tree Invasion on an Electric Utility Right-of-Way
Authors: Bramble W.C. , Byrnes W.R. , Hutnik R.J. , Liscinsky S.A.
Published: April 2022

An investigation of factors responsible for resistance of forb-grass cover types to tree invasion was carried out from 1992 through 1994 on an electric transmission right-of-way (ROW) in central Pennsylvania. Unprotected seedspots and seedspots protected by wire cages were installed on the ROW to investigate the effect of the important interference factors of wildlife depredation, plant competition, and allelopathy. This field study was supplemented by pot culture tests of the effect of plant competition, seedbed condition, and allelopathy on tree seed germination and seedling growth in an environment where wildlife depredation, soil moisture, frost damage, and insect and disease attacks were controlled. The major factors that interfered with tree seed germination and seedling growth were wildlife depredation and plant competition by the dominant plant species of the forbgrass cover type, namely, poverty grass (Danthonia spicata), rough goldenrod (Solidago rugosa), and hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula).
Root Barriers affect Root Distribution
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: April 2022

No roots of live oak (Quercus virginiana) or sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) went through Biobarrier™ during a 3-year period after planting. Most roots on both species without a barrier were located in the top 30 cm (12 in) of soil, and root number decreased with increasing soil depth. Roots were located at deeper soil depths beyond the Biobarrier. The roots 15 cm (6 in) from the Biobarrier were mostly 30 to 45 cm (12 to 18 in) below the soil surface. Eighty percent of oak roots and 72% of sycamore roots greater than 3 mm in diameter 0.9 m (3 ft) from the trunk without a barrier were in the top 30 cm (12 in) of soil, whereas, only 42% (oak) and 38% (sycamore) of roots were in the top 30 cm (12 in) for trees with the root barrier. Biobarrier forced roots deeper in the soil but in the high water table soil in this study, many roots returned to the soil surface by the time they had grown 1.2 m (4 ft) away from the barrier.
Probability of Damage to Sidewalks and Curbs by Street Trees in the Tropics
Authors: Francis John , Parresol Bernard , Marín de Patiño Juana
Published: April 2022

For 75 trees each of 12 species growing along streets in San Juan, Puerto Rico and Merida, Mexico, diameter at breast height and distance to sidewalk or curb was measured and damage (cracking or raising) was evaluated. Logistic analysis was used to construct a model to predict probability of damage to sidewalk or curb. Distance to the pavement, diameter of the tree, and species were all found to contribute significantly to the probability of damage. Predictive models are presented for each species and numerical trials are used to illustrate the relationship of the independent variables to probability of damage.
Polyethylene Plastic Wrap for Tree Wounds: A Promoter of Wound Closure on Fresh Wounds
Authors: McDougall Dennis , Blanchette Robert
Published: April 2022

Tree wounds are often accompanied by the dieback of uninjured cambium at the edges of the wound. Dieback increases wound size and lengthens the time that xylem is exposed and susceptible to colonization by decay fungi. Wrapping new wounds with polyethylene plastic sheeting (PEP) can reduce dieback and promote the formation of callus tissue. Fresh wounds on aspen and maple wrapped with PEP had significantly less dieback than unwrapped wounds after 14 weeks. When PEP treatment was delayed 1 week or longer after wounding, there was no difference in wound size. Fresh wounds of aspen wrapped with PEP for 1 week were significantly smaller than unwrapped wounds after 15 weeks. In maple, 2 weeks of wrapping with PEP was required to improve wound closure. The use of PEP on wounds of birch did not affect wound size. Wounds of aspen continuously wrapped for 2 years with PEP did not have more colonization by decay fungi than untreated control wounds.
Community Tree Planting: Early Survival and Carbon Sequestering Potential
Authors: Ip David
Published: April 2022

Canada's national tree planting program, Tree Plan Canada, recently underwent a major change. In 1995, funding ended for tree planting projects by small groups and local organizations. This paper summarizes the Northwest Region's planting of 8.5 million trees in 347 projects. After 1 to 3 years, 74% of the trees per project were in healthy condition. The program involved 93,000 people directly in new tree planting activities. The maximum potential for sequestering carbon with this program was estimated to be 4000 tonnes per year.
Land Registration System Using Blockchain
Authors: Shweta Merukar  , Akanksha Deshmukh  , Pooja Vadje  , Ketki Bhosale  , Prof. P. D. Kad
Published: April 2022

Land registration is an important document in determining the title of a property. Land registration refers to the process of registration of the document, changes in ownership and other transactions related to the property. Land Registration creates a clear record of ownership which clearly sets out any matters that affect the property, such as rights of way and restrictive covenants. Registration provides greater protection against claims for 'Adverse Possession ‘. Land Registry provides property owners with a land title guaranteed by the government, as well as with a title plan that indicates the property boundaries. Once property is entered into the register, the Land Registry records any ownership changes, mortgages or leases affecting it.
Enhance Web Based Project Management System
Authors: Shreya Tambe  , Snehal Piprode  , Maheen Raza  , Nuzhat Anwaar  , Prof. Kamlesh Kelwade
Published: April 2022

The utilize of the net has numerous positive impacts on instruction. It overcame time and space impediments in conventional colleges instructors and students are presently utilizing the internet to get to endless sums of data and assets within the cyber space. In our proposed work we pointed to ease the manual project work by creating web-based project management framework. This system is an environment where all the method of the understudy within the institution is overseen. It is done through the computerized computerized strategy. This system spares the time of the understudy and of the faculty/students. As the framework is online the information is universally show to everybody. As the system utilized within the established is obsolete because it requires paper, records and folios, which is able require the human workforce to preserve them. To yield the extend related fabric in the established, a understudy in this framework ought to come to the college. whereas standing within the line which expends a parcel of the student’s time as well as of the administration.
A influência espanhola na natureza lexical da marcação diferencial de objeto no português antigo
Authors: Pires Aline Jéssica
Published: April 2022

Casos em que o objeto direto é morfologicamente marcado por uma preposição são classificados como instâncias da Marcação Diferencial de Objeto (MDO). Além disso, a natureza lexical do objeto é apontada como um fator que desencadeia a MDO. Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a natureza lexical dos objetos marcados e verificar sua relação com a hipótese da influência da língua espanhola na MDO no português antigo. Essa hipótese é motivada pelo aumento das ocorrências do fenômeno no século XVII. Entre 1580 e 1640, Portugal e Espanha formavam uma unidade política e, consequentemente, as línguas portuguesa e espanhola estavam em contato. Através da análise de textos dos séculos XVI ao XIX, a natureza lexical dos casos da MDO é investigada. Ademais, são comparados dados de objetos marcados e não marcados dos séculos XVI e XVII para verificar a extensão da influência espanhola nos objetos do português. A análise dos dados confirma a hipótese inicial com o aumento dos casos da MDO e mostra, também, que a MDO pode ser desencadeada por pronomes plenos, pronomes de tratamento, títulos de nobreza e certos DPs, como nomes de divindade e nomes próprios.
Uma proposta formal para a reanálise do verbo ir no português brasileiro: de lexical a funcional
Authors: Araújo-Adriano Paulo Ângelo de
Published: April 2022

Muitos linguistas já mostraram que a expressão de futuridade das línguas românicas sofre um processo cíclico, alternando-se ora em uma forma sintética ora em uma forma perifrástica. Isso se deve pela reanálise de algum item que se torna (mais) funcional, substituindo a forma sintética. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho investiga o fenômeno de reanálise do verbo ir com o objetivo de capturar as mudanças sintáticas que esse item sofreu na história do PB. Para tanto, analiso peças teatrais brasileiras do século XVI ao século XXI. Mostro que o verbo ir, inicialmente, comportava-se como verbo lexical, disparando uma leitura de movimento. Mais tarde, sofreu reanálise e passou a ser funcional, apresentando propriedades de auxiliar. A inovação deste trabalho é mostrar que o verbo ir não sofreu reanálise diretamente para veicular futuridade, um evento em potência. Ao contrário, parece ter havido um estágio anterior nesse processo, em que ir veicula prospecção, isto é, uma ação que ocorre imediatamente após a fala. Assumindo Roberts e Roussou (2003) e Roberts (2007), proponho que de lexical a funcional, duas consequências sintáticas emergiram: perda de traços formais e  lexicalização ascendente das projeções funcionais. Assim, este estudo apresenta uma proposta formal explicativa para a reanálise do verbo ir no PB.
O fronteamento do objeto direto na diacronia do português europeu
Authors: Santos Carlos Alberto Gomes dos , Namiuti Cristiane
Published: April 2022

Neste trabalho, apresentamos resultados da investigação do fenômeno do fronteamento de NPs acusativos não clíticos em orações subordinadas completivas em textos do século XII ao XIX. Foram analisadas as possibilidades de ordenação do objeto direto em relação ao verbo e ao sujeito a partir de dois corpora: o Corpus Informatizado do Português Medieval – CIPM, representativo dos séculos XII, XIII e XIV e o Corpus Histórico do Português Tycho Brahe – CTB, representativo dos séculos XVI a XIX. A pesquisa que envolveu os três primeiros séculos baseou-se na leitura dos textos, separação das sentenças segundo os critérios estabelecidos e, posteriormente, classificação, de acordo com a ordem do verbo, do objeto direto e do sujeito, em oito grupos distintos: VO, OV, SVO, VSO, VOS, SOV, OVS e OSV. Os dados do CTB foram extraídos seguindo a metodologia automática de busca Corpus Search e foram submetidos aos mesmos critérios adotados para os dados do CIPM. Os resultados apontam para uma baixa frequência do fronteamento do objeto direto (OV, SOV, OSV e OVS) em ambos os corpora no contexto das orações subordinadas completivas finitas. Constatou-se também baixa frequência no uso das inversões VSO e VOS nesse mesmo contexto oracional.
O Gigante do Horto: narrativas sobre a construção do Estádio Independência (1948-1950)
Authors: Souza Neto Georgino Jorge de , Mayor Sarah Teixeira Soutto , Silva Sílvio Ricardo da
Published: April 2022

Esta investigação tencionou prospectar o movimento de construção do estádio Independência, localizado em Belo Horizonte, MG. Neste sentido, investimos em uma análise de periódicos locais que circularam na cidade entre os anos de edificação deste espaço (1948/1950). Como destaque, dois personagens se sobressaem: o presidente do clube Sete de Setembro e o prefeito belorizontino. Ambos se configuram como peças determinantes para a consecução do projeto, assumindo o jogo político nas diversas instâncias (CBD, FIFA, clubes esportivos e agentes políticos institucionais). Contrariamente ao que se consolidou no discurso do imaginário social (e até mesmo no campo acadêmico), constatamos que o estádio Independência não teve originalmente a sua concepção voltada para a ocorrência de sediar jogos da Copa do Mundo de 1950, mas sim como um investimento do clube de futebol Sete de Setembro, que almejava ter uma imponente praça esportiva na cidade, para rivalizar com seus principais oponentes.
Trajetórias dos animadores de eventos infantis em Belém-PA
Authors: Barbosa Adrielson Acácio de Lima , Alves Cathia , Isayama Hélder Ferreira
Published: April 2022

Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar os processos formativos vividos pelos/as animadores/as dos eventos com ênfase em suas trajetórias e construção de saberes que foram mobilizados para sua formação profissional. Foram entrevistados/as quinze profissionais que atuam no âmbito do lazer, sendo sete mulheres e oito homens. Identificamos que os animadores mobilizam saberes para a prática profissional relacionados tanto ao domínio de conteúdos e atividades quanto à postura pessoal e profissional necessária para prática de animação. Os contextos em que esses saberes foram construídos são variados e contemplam as vivências lúdicas na infância, o contato com práticas culturais, como o esporte, a dança e o teatro, além das experiências laborais e dos momentos de lazer dos sujeitos. Entre as instituições que influenciaram esse percurso formativo, estão os estabelecimentos de ensino, a igreja e escolas de arte.
Estágio curricular supervisionado em Educação Física: antes e durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Bikel Roque Luiz , Benites Larissa Cerignoni
Published: April 2022

Este texto se reporta as experiências de iniciação à docência de um estagiário do curso de Educação Física de uma universidade pública do sul do Brasil que realizou o estágio curricular supervisionado (ECS) em contexto presencial e remoto. Os apontamentos perpassam a diferenças sentidas, os desafios e aprendizagens que impactaram no aprendizado do exercício da docência. Dessa forma, se destaca as experiencias derivadas da reformulação pedagógica do ECS, como por exemplo, análise de documentos, criação de videoaulas e podcast que representaram momentos de escolha e organização de procedimentos didáticos-metodológicos coerentes com as especificidades da etapa educacional. Como considerações, aponta-se que houve o esforço em se adequar as urgências ao mesmo tempo em que se pensou em estratégias para que os acadêmicos revisitassem questões acerca a prática pedagógica, além de tentar aproximá-los do atual contexto educacional.
Relevansi Niali Pajak Tangguhan
Authors: Meiden Carmel , Himmawati Utia
Published: April 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris relevansi nilai atas informasi pajak tangguhan. Untuk menguji hipotesis tersebut, digunakan uji regresi berganda mengikuti model Ohlson dan menggunakan purposive judgment sampling sehingga diperoleh sampel penelitian sebanyak 209 perusahaan yang terdaftar pada BEI selama periode 2014-2018. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa baik aset pajak tangguhan, liabilitas pajak tangguhan dan pajak tangguhan bersih secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Dengan kesimpulan bahwa pajak tangguhan memiliki relevansi nilai, namun investor bereaksi negatif terhadap pajak tangguhan.

Kata kunci: Relevansi nilai, pajak tangguhan

Abstract: This study aims to test empirically the relevance of information deferred tax values. . To test these hypotheses, multiple regression is used following the model ohlson and using purposive judgment sampling to obtain a sample of 209 companies listed on the IDX during the 2014-2018 period. This study found that both deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities and net deferred taxes together have a significant effect on firm value. With the conclusion that deferred tax has value relevance, but investors react negatively to deferred tax.

Keywords: Value relevance, deferred tax
Praktik Perataan Laba dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya
Authors: Hendra Hendra , Rowena Janny
Published: April 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan dan financial leverage terhadap praktik perataan laba pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2018. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa informasi keuangan dari laporan keuangan serta laporan tahunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 69 perusahaan industri manufaktur yang telah diseleksi melalui metode purposive sampling dengan total 207 data selama tiga tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi logistik dalam menguji hubungan antara variabel dependen dan independen. Pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan program IBM SPSS 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap praktik perataan laba, sementara profitabilitas dan financial leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap praktik perataan laba.

 

Kata kunci: Perataan Laba, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Financial Leverage.

 

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the effects of profitability, firm size, and financial leverage on income smoothing at manufacturing firms listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange during the period of 2016-2018. The data used in this research was secondary data in the form of financial information from the financial statements and annual reports. There were 69 samples of manufacturing companies that have been previously selected using purposive sampling method with total of 207 data for three years. Binary Logistic Regression was used in analyzing the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. This research data was processed using IBM SPSS 23. Results shows that firm size, has a significant influence on the practice of income smoothing, while profitability and financial leverage has no significant influence on the practice of income smoothing. 

 

Keywords: Income Smoothing, firm size, profitability, financial leverage.
Agresivitas Pajak dan Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhinya
Authors: Rahman Huda Aulia
Published: April 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh transfer pricing, profitabilitas, capital intensity, beban iklan, dan gender diversity terhadap agresivitas pajak. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2019. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan yaitu 98 perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang dipilih berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, dengan analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan yaitu profitabilitas berpengaruh positif terhadap agresivitas pajak, capital intensity berpengaruh negatif terhadap agresivitas pajak, sedangkan transfer pricing, beban iklan, dan gender diversity tidak berpengaruh terhadap agresivitas pajak.

Kata kunci: Agresivitas Pajak, Beban Iklan, Capital Intensity, Gender Diversity, Profitabilitas, Transfer Pricing
Educação Permanente em Saúde no enfrentamento das vulnerabilidades
Authors: Rocha Fernanda Mota , Santos Débora de Souza , Vilela Maria Filomena de Gouveia , Bombonatti Giulia Romano , Silva Eliete Maria
Published: April 2022

ORCID:
Family Functioning and Moral Reasoning Among Early Adolescence
Authors: Syahira Salsabila , Qudsyi Hazhira
Published: April 2022

This research aimed to test empirically correlation between family functioning and moral reasoning in early adolescents. This research was carried out on 143 primary high-school students in Balikpapan. This research used a quantitative approach with moral reasoning scale and family functioning scale to measure variables. Result of data analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between family functioning and moral reasoning. And for the analysis between family functioning and each dimension of moral reasoning, the results were no correlation between family functioning and pre-conventional moral reasoning, family functioning correlate with conventional moral reasoning, and no correlation between family functioning and post-conventional moral reasoning.
Pengelolaan Sarana dan Prasarana dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran
Authors: Juwarti Juwarti , Abubakar Abubakar , Lilianti Lilianti
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskrisikan pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 2 Kabawo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu kepala sekolah, kepala pengelola sarana dan prasarana, guru, dan sisiwa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan obsevasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data, mereduksi, menyajikan, dan menarik kesimpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan data dengan menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) perencanaan sarana dan prasarana yakni kepala sekolah bersama kepala pengelola sarana dan prasarana, guru, dan tata usaha merencanakan kegiatan menyusun perencanaan sarana dan prasarana melalui rapat tahunan dengan mengikuti panduan dan standar jenis, kuantitas dan kualitas sesuai dengan skala prioritas dan kesiapan dana, 2) pengadaan sarana dan prasarana dilakukan berdasarkan keputusan kepala sekolah dengan memakai bantuan anggaran dari dana BOS. Proses pengadaannya dilakukan dengan membeli, kemudian dibagikan dimasing-masing kelas dan ruang kerja, 3) pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana dilakukan dengan pengecekan berkala, perbaikan berdasarkan kondisi bangunan. Pengecekan dilakukan secara berkala untuk pencegahan kerusakan berat atau kecelakaan yang tidak diinginkan dalam mendukung kegiatan belajar mengajar.
Prusias ad Hypium Tiyatrosu - Tonoz Örtülü Galerilere Bakış
Authors: SAĞNAK Erkan , OKAN Emre , BİLİR Ahmet
Published: April 2022

Düzce ilindeki Prusias ad Hypium kenti, Bithynia Bölgesi’nin 12 kentinden biridir. Günümüzde modern Düzce’nin 8km kuzeyindeki Konuralp Mahallesi sınırları içinde kalmaktadır. Herakleia Pontika tarafından kurulduğu bilinen kent, Hellenistik Bithynia Krallığı zamanında krallığın topraklarına dâhil edilmiş ancak en parlak günlerini Roma İmparatorluk Döneminde yaşamıştır. Özellikle 19. yüzyıl gezginlerince, kent hakkında verilen bilgiler önemlidir. Günümüze kadar yerleşim gören alanda kentten geriye kalan en görkemli yapı tiyatrodur. Halk arasında “kırk basamaklar” olarak bilinen bu yapıda 2013 yılından bu yana devam eden kazılar, yapının mimarisi ve kronolojisi ile ilgili değerli verileri gün yüzüne çıkarmıştır. Anadolu’da inşa edilmiş tiyatrolar arasında kendine has özellikleri ile ön plana çıkar. Üç cavealı koilon ve her bir caveaya giriş sağlayan tonozlu galeriler, bu yapıyı Anadolu’daki diğer tiyatrolar içinde özgün bir konuma getirmektedir. Bu makale, yapının tonozlu galerini baz alarak tiyatronun mimarisine yönelik yeni verileri çağdaşı tiyatrolar ile kıyaslayıp, mimari detaylar ile tiyatronun inşa evrelerine yeni ve farklı bir bakışı getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Five Hundred Days of Farsi Twitter
Authors: Hashemi Layla , Wilson Steven , Sanhueza Constanza
Published: April 2022

International media was quick to dub the Iranian Green Movement a “Twitter revolution” when it erupted in the summer of 2009. State violence against protestors was captured in real time and broadcast worldwide on social media, providing an early example of a regime's helplessness at locking down a narrative in the face of ubiquitous smart phones. Over a decade later, nearly all foreign social media remain officially blocked in Iran, yet Iranians evade state suppression and remain connected to the global community. This article introduces a new dataset of all Farsi-language tweets since September 2019. To date, this amounts to the full text and associated metadata of over 500 million tweets and the evidence shows that the overwhelming majority of this content originates from within the borders of Iran. The study describes the scope of Iran's continued connection to the global community via Twitter, descriptively explores the content of that social media, evaluates what this means for Iranian politics and society, and explores its broader implications for researchers in the age of social media. In particular, we argue that the demonstrated ability to collect the voices of citizens, even from one of the most repressive digital regimes in the world, provides an invaluable framework for scholars with even minimal resources to undertake large-scale digital ethnography.
Türk Arazi Yönetimine Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Amasya Örneği
Authors: ASLAN Mustafa , CANKURT İbrahim , YILDIRIM Cengiz , AYYILDIZ Ekrem , DURSUN İsmail
Published: April 2022

Kıt arazi kaynaklarının sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine uygun olarak kullanımının etkin bir biçimde yönetilmesi ihtiyacı geleneksel kadastro anlayışının içerik ve kapsamında tedrici bir genişlemeye yol açmıştır. Bu çerçevede günümüzde kadastrodan; arazinin yatay boyutu kadar dikey boyutunda yer alan bireysel/kamusal hak ve kısıtlamaları sürekli, erişilebilir ve kapsamlı bir biçimde kayıt ve güvence altına alması yanı sıra geniş anlamda planlama faaliyetlerine altlık sunması ve kamunun vergilendirme etkinliklerini desteklemesi beklenmektedir. Öte yandan kadastronun içerik ve kapsamındaki bu genişleme geleneksel 2 Boyutlu (2B) kadastro anlayışının ortaya çıkan yeni gereksinimleri gidermekte yetersiz kalmasına neden olmuştur. Bu durum gelişen teknolojinin de etkisiyle 3 Boyutlu (3B) kadastro anlayışını gündeme taşımıştır. Turkiye’de de son dönemde kadastro çalışmalarının büyük oranda tamamlanmasıyla birlikte Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü (TKGM) tarafından Dünya’daki gelişmelere koşut olarak kadastronun gelecekteki vizyonunu oluşturmak amacıyla çeşitli projeler hayata geçirilmeye başlanmıştır. Söz konusu projelerden birisi de 2020 yılında Amasya ilinde uygulamaya konulan ‘’3 Boyutlu Şehir Modelleri ve Kadastro Altlıklarının Entegrasyonu Pilot Projesi’’dir. Yapılan çalışmada adı geçen projenin genel çerçevesi ve temel prensiplerine değinilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
NEWS OF VIOLENCE IN POSMETRO PADANG DAILY, A STUDY OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Authors: Sari Nia , Rahmat Wahyudi , Samsiarni Samsiarni
Published: April 2022

Problem of this research is rise of violent cases that occurred in the community, and this news is widely published in social media, one of them is Posmetro Padang. This research aims to describe the analysis of violent news discourse on Padang Posmetro. This type of research is a qualitative study using descriptive methods. The data source of this research is Padang Posmetro, which was published from January 2020 to November 2020. The data in this study were violent news posted by Posmetro Padang. Data is collected, then read and recording techniques. The results of data analysis show that, first, text structure. The text can explain in terms of headlines. The headlines are well emphasized, such as describing the news's setting, details, and content as a whole text. Second, view the location, situation, events, and social conditions. Third. Social Context News about violence has often appeared every year. The growing discourse in the people of West Sumatra regarding the news of violence varies. Many elements are involved in this issue, so the form of the information also goes in terms of sides. In addition, this problem that often arises makes West Sumatra people more introspective. As a complete analysis of discourse on news of violence, it can be seen that the public must be alert to any crime that is happening at this time.
ACQUISITION OF PHONEMES FROM PARENTS' SPEECH ACT TO CHILDREN AGED 3-5 YEARS IN MAMOLO VILLAGE, NUNUKAN REGENCY
Authors: Ulinsa Ulinsa , Rahmat Wahyudi , Noviana Manda Eva
Published: April 2022

This research is motivated by an interest in the process of language acquisition in children, especially at the phonological level, namely the acquisition of phonemes aged 3-4 years. This research study uses psycholinguistics and pragmatics. This study describes how acquiring phonemes for children aged 3-4 years in Mamolo village, Nunukan district is described in source from speech act the parents. The type of research used is qualitative research, namely by observing and taking notes. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that children aged 3-4 years have difficulty pronouncing consonant phonemes. The object has not mastered the phonemes /x/ and /z/ and has not distinguished the sounds /p/, /f/, and /v/. As well as the release of sounds such as the phoneme /s/ becomes /c/ in [pain] becomes [cakit].
SPEECH ACT IN CODE MIXING IN A.R. RIZAL'S NOVEL LIMPAPEH
Authors: Afrinda Putri Dian , Delpa Delpa , Asmul Ali , Fitriyah Rifkah , Mustika Nova
Published: April 2022

This study discusses the author's speech acts and how they were utilised in his work. In the novel Limpapeh by Ar. Rizal, this study will describe speech acts in the form of code mixing that create code mixing, forms of code mixing, and the function of code mixing. In addition to showing cultural identity, the code mixing used by the author can also serve as an affirmation or explain something, showing familiarity with certain calls as a form of respect for others. Thus, the author deliberately inserts the term area of origin as part of his identity. Readers can recognize the culture of an area, especially Minangkabau from the works they produce. This research will describe the factors that cause code mixing, code mixing functions, and types of code mixing in the speech of the Limpapeh novel characters. The method used in this study is a reflective-introspective analysis method. It is possible that the phenomenon of using language is lived in everyday life. Provision of data in this study in the form of written text. The code mixing that occurs is conveyed by the author through the naming of cooking spices, dishes, people's names and proverbs or terms commonly used in the Minangkabau community. In AR RIZAL's novel Limpapeh, the type of speech act used in Minangkabau society is forceful speech with the style of asserting.
ANALYSIS OF FIERSA BESARI SPEECH ACT ON YOUTUBE PLAYLIST “EPISODE SEBUAH JURNAL” PRAGMATIC STUDY
Authors: Yunanda Yessy , Rahmat Wahyudi , Samsiarni Samsiarni , Rifai Ali Al Bukhari Bin Mhd.
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze and describe the form of illocutionary speech used by Fiersa Besari in the social media Youtube. This study uses a descriptive method to achieve research objectives following the problem under study. This research with a qualitative approach uses the descriptive method. The data source used is the video in the “Episode of a Journal” playlist on the Fiersa Besari Youtube social media. This research data are fragments of words or sentences included in the type of illocutionary speech act. Based on the study results, it can be conveyed that the analysis of Fiersa Besari’s illocutionary speech acts in the “Episode of a Journal” playlist on Youtube social media serves to make the result of the illocutionary speech acts found in the video even better. The use of illocutionary speech acts in Fiersa Besari’s video in the “Episode of a Journal” playlist found four types of speech acts: assertive speech acts, directive speech acts, expressive speech acts, and commissive speech acts. The most common speech acts, while the least found, were commissive speech acts.
Contribution of wood burning to exposures of PAHs and oxy-PAHs in Eastern Sweden
Authors: Lim Hwanmi , Silvergren Sanna , Spinicci Silvia , Mashayekhy Rad Farshid , Nilsson Ulrika , Westerholm Roger , Johansson Christer
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A growing trend in the developed countries is the use of wood as fuel for domestic heating due to measures taken to reduce usage of fossil fuels. However, this imposed another issue with the environment and human health. That is, the emission from wood burning contributed to the increased level of atmospheric particulates and the wood smoke caused various respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of wood burning on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in air PM10 using known wood burning tracers, i.e. levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan from the measurement at the urban background and residential areas in Sweden. A yearly measurement from three residential areas in Sweden showed a clear seasonal variation of PAHs during the cold season, mainly from the increased domestic heating and meteorology. Together, an increased sugar level assured the wood burning during the same period. The sugar ratio (levoglucosan/(mannosan+galactosan)), was a good marker for wood burning source such as wood type used for domestic heating and garden waste burning. On the Walpurgis Night, the urban background measurement demonstrated a dramatic increase in levoglucosan, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and oxygenated PAHs (OPAH) concentrations from the increased wood burning. A significant correlation between levoglucosan and OPAHs was observed, suggesting OPAHs to be an indicator of wood burning together with levoglucosan. The levoglucosan tracer method and modelling used in predicting the B[a]P concentration could not fully explain the measured levels in the cold season. The model showed that the local wood source contributed to 98 % of B[a]P emissions in Stockholm area and 2 % from the local traffic. However, non-local sources were dominating in urban background (60 %). A further risk assessment estimated that the airborne particulate PAHs caused 13.4 cancer cases per 0.1 million inhabitants in Stockholm County.
Aerosol-stratocumulus interactions: Towards a better process understanding using closures between observations and large eddy simulations
Authors: Calderón Silvia Margarita , Tonttila Juha , Buchholz Angela , Joutsensaari Jorma , Komppula Mika , Leskinen Ari , Hao Liqing , Moisseev Dmitri , Pullinen Iida , Tiitta Petri , Xu Jian , Virtanen Annele , Kokkola Harri , Romakkaniemi Sami
Published: April 2022

Abstract. We studied two cases of cloud formation, one diurnal (24 September 2020) and one nocturnal (31 October 2020), with high and low aerosol loadings, respectively. Aerosol number concentrations differ more than 1 order of magnitude between cases and therefore, lead to cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) values which range from less than 100 cm-3 up to 1000 cm-3. Different aerosol loadings affected supersaturations at the cloud base, and thus the size of aerosol particles activating to cloud droplets. Due to higher CDNC, the mean size of cloud droplets in the diurnal-high aerosol case was lower. Thus, droplet evaporation in downdrafts affected more the observed CDNC at Puijo altitude compared to the low aerosol case. In addition, in the low aerosol case, the presence of large aerosol particles in the accumulation mode played a significant role in the droplet spectrum evolution as it promoted the drizzle formation through collision and coalescence processes. Also, during the event, the formation of ice particles was observed due to subzero temperature at the cloud top. Although the modeled number concentration of ice hydrometeors was too low to be directly measured, the retrieval of hydrometeor sedimentation velocities with cloud radar allowed us to assess the realism of modeled ice particles. The studied cases are presented in detail and can be further used by the cloud modellers to test and validate their models in a well-characterized modelling setup. We also provide recommendations on how increasing amount of information on aerosol properties could improve the understanding of processes affecting cloud droplet number and liquid water content in stratiform clouds.
Aircraft measurements of water vapor heavy isotope ratios in the marine boundary layer and lower troposphere during ORACLES
Authors: Henze Dean , Noone David , Toohey Darin
Published: April 2022

Abstract. This paper presents aircraft in situ measurements of water concentration and heavy water isotope ratios D/H and 18O/16O during the
NASA ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES)
project. The aircraft measurement system is also presented. The dataset is
unique in that (1) it contains both total water and cloud condensed water isotope
ratios; (2) it spans sufficient space and time to enable construction of
spatially resolved climatology of isotope ratios in the lower troposphere;
and (3) it is paired with a wealth of complementary measurements on
atmospheric thermodynamic, chemical, aerosol, and radiative properties.
Aircraft sampling took place in the southeast Atlantic marine boundary layer
and lower troposphere (Equator to 22∘ S) over the months of September 2016, August 2017, and October 2018. Isotope measurements were made using cavity
ring-down spectroscopic analyzers integrated into the Water Isotope System
for Precipitation and Entrainment Research (WISPER). From an isotope
perspective, the 300+ h of 1 Hz in situ data at levels in the
atmosphere ranging from 70 m to 7 km represents a remarkably large and
vertically resolved dataset. This paper provides a brief overview of the
ORACLES mission and describes how water vapor heavy isotope ratios fit
within the experimental design. Overviews of the sampling region and
sampling strategy are presented, followed by the WISPER system setup and
calibration details. The three data formats available to the users are each
covered (latitude–altitude curtains, individual vertical profiles, and
time series), with illustrative examples to highlight some features of the
dataset and provide a plausibility check. The curtains and profiles
demonstrate the dataset's potential to provide a comprehensive perspective
on moisture transport and isotopic content in this region. Finally,
measurement uncertainties are provided. Curtain and vertical profile data
for all sampling periods can be accessed at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748368 (see Henze et al., 2022). Time series
data for the September 2016, August 2017, and October 2018 sampling periods can be
accessed at
https://doi.org/10.5067/Suborbital/ORACLES/P3/2016_V3,
https://doi.org/10.5067/Suborbital/ORACLES/P3/2017_V3, and
https://doi.org/10.5067/Suborbital/ORACLES/ P3/2018_V3,
respectively (see references for ORACLES Science Team, 2020a–c, 2016 P3 data,
2017 P3 data, and 2018 P3 data).