bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
​Haemato-biochemical and Therapeutic Studies on Ovine Babesiosis in Kashmir
Authors: Haq A.U. , Tufani N.A. , Malik H.U. , Najar T.A.
Published: August 2021

Background: The clinical study was designed to evaluate the haemato-biochemical changes in sheep affected with babesiosis and therapeutic regimes of various drugs used against babesiosis. Methods: A total of 24 clinically affected sheep with 6 animals in each group were selected for the haemato-biochemical and therapeutic study. The diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations, microscopic examination of blood smears and molecular confirmation of Babesia by PCR technique. For therapeutic study Group I, II, III and IV were treated with imidocarb dipropionate, imidocarb dipropionate+oxytetracycline, diminazene aceturate and diminazene aceturate+oxytetracycline, respectively. Result: The clinical signs recorded were high fever, pale mucous membranes, presence of ticks, inappetence, coffee-coloured urine and diarrhoea. The vectors identified were Haemaphysalis ticks. Hb, PCV, TEC, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and blood glucose were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the diseased group as compared to healthy animals while TLC, globulin and iron levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher compared to the healthy control group. The study revealed that the combination of imidocarb dipropionate and oxytetracycline was highly effective for ovine babesiosis.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Antipyretic, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia fistula
Authors: Sharma D.K. , Sharma S.K. , Lonare M.K. , Kaur Rajdeep , Dumka V.K.
Published: August 2021

Background: The antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of two concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of leaf, bark, flower and fruit pulp of C. fistula were determined in male wistar albino rats. Methods: Antipyretic activity was assessed by E. coli endotoxin induced pyrexia. Analgesic activity was assessed by hot plate, tail immersion and acetic acid induced writhing test. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. Result: Significant (p less than 0.05) antipyretic activity was exhibited from 2h onwards by bark extract @ 200 mg/kg and from 3h onwards by bark extract @100 mg/kg and leaves extract @ 200mg/kg as compared to control group. Significant (p less than 0.05) analgesic activity was shown by extract of bark @ 200 mg/kg as it is evident by increase in reflex time in hot plate (90,120,180 min), tail immersion test (120,180 min) and inhibition of writhing (32.12%). Significant (p less than 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity was exhibited from 3h post administration by bark @ 200 and leaves @ 100 and 200 mg/kg.
Construction and Characterization of the NS3 Protein of Bluetongue Virus as A Bait for Application in Yeast Two-hybrid System
Authors: Chaple Ashwini R. , Sharma Gaurav K. , Joshi Udit , Muthuchelvan Dhanavelu , Deol Pallavi , Mahajan Sonalika
Published: August 2021

Background: Bluetongue is an arthropod transmitted viral disease causing range of clinical manifestations in small ruminants. The causative agent, Bluetongue virus (BTV) possesses several structural (SPs) and non-structural proteins (NSPs) associated with its morphogenesis and virulence. NS3, a multifunctional protein of BTV execute a decisive role in virus pathogenesis and release. In the present study, the NS3 protein of BTV was cloned into a pGBKT7-BD vector as bait and characterized for its expression. The suitability of NS3 as a bait to screen interactions with host proteins was also assessed. Methods: The NS3 gene was cloned in the pGBKT7-BD vector to generate the bait plasmid. The recombinant pGBKT7-NS3 bait was sequence confirmed and characterized for auto-activation, toxicity and expression. Thereafter, the bait was mated with yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) cDNA library and screened for the host-BTV protein-protein interactions (PPI). Conclusion: The constructed bait was found suitable for mating, however, no protein hits appeared on forward library screening. The sequence analysis revealed the presence of the transmembrane domains (TM) within the NS3 sequence that may have resulted in the failure of protein interaction studies in Y2H.
EFL in Primary Classrooms of Choco: A Challenge for In-service Teachers and Educational Authorities
Authors: Mosquera Alexander Córdoba
Published: August 2021

The following study explored choices and methods to improve professional training and development among primary school teachers from Chocó in order to enhance English teaching at the basic school level. The research work was an analyticaldescriptive study undertaken with in-service primary school teachers from ChocóColombia. The investigation analyzed the situation faced by primary school teachers from Chocó when teaching EFL (English as a Foreign Language) in the primary school classroom. Furthermore, the study, to some extent, describes the existence of social, cultural, political and academic factors which may intervene in the EFL context of Chocó’s primary education as well. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied in the development of the investigation. A questionnaire was implemented as the quantitative data collection instrument and the interview as the qualitative one. Additionally, classroom observation was also used as an instrument to gather data. The study has revealed that in-service primary teachers from Chocó lack the knowledge they need to teach English to young children as they are trained neither from a linguistic nor from a methodological point of view.
Tıbbi Sakız Yapımı Üzerine Ön Denemeler
Authors: Özçelik Hasan , Kündük Şeyda
Published: August 2021

İnsanlık tarihinde ve Türk kültüründe sakızın önemli bir yeri vardır. Günümüzde sakız (çiklet) kullanımı ve üretimi ciddi bir sektörel boyuta ulaşmıştır. Ancak bu sakızların sadece aromasında farklılık bulunmakta, ham maddesi (hamuru) ve mayası aynı kalmaktadır. Ham maddeleri; petrol polimeri olan bazı maddelerden temin edilmektedir. Fonksiyonel özellikleri zayıftır. Geleneksel yöntemlerden ilham alınarak tıbbi amaçlı sakız üretimi 2018-2019 yıllarında laboratuvar ortamında tarafımızdan denendi. Yaklaşık 100 civarında deneme yapıldı ve sonuçları kaydedildi. Başarılı olduğu düşünülen 5 denemenin ürünleri tüketiciye sunulup anket formu doldurtuldu. Etik kurul izni alındı. Ürünlerde duyusal, kimyasal analizler ve mikrobiyolojik testler yapıldı. Sonuçları memnuniyet vericidir. Sakız üretiminde en önemli sorun; ham maddenin birbirine yapışmaması ve elastikiyetinin zayıflığıdır. Başarısızlığın temel kriteri olarak zerrelerin yapışmasının ve çiğnenmeye karşı direncinin zayıflığı görülmüştür. Anketörlerin ekseriyeti ürünleri acı bulmuştur. Ancak kırsal kesimden gelen ve daha önceden doğal sakız çiğnediğini söyleyenler ürüne daha olumlu bakmaktadır. Rengin tüketim açısından çok fazla önemi yoktur, ancak renklendirici katılmadığı halde sakızların rengi beğenilmiştir. Mikrobiyolojik testlerden de olumlu sonuçlar alınmıştır. İnsan sağlığı için mikrobiyolojik herhangi bir olumsuzluk gözlemlenmemiştir. Element analizi sonuçlarında; insan sağlığı için gerekli olan minerallerin ürünlerde zengin olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca makalede Türkiye’nin potansiyel sakız bitkilerinin bir listesi de verilmektedir.
Küçük Menderes Havzası Örneğinde Su Kalitesinde Mevsimselliğin Parametrik Olmayan İstatistiksel Yöntemlerle Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Barbaros Filiz , Onuşluel Gül Gülay , Boyacıoğlu Hülya
Published: August 2021

Ekolojik dengenin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak için en önemli unsurların başında su miktarı ve kalitesi yönetimi gelmekte, bu konuda yürütülen araştırmalar, sürdürülebilir entegre yönetimin ele alındığı her alanda ilgi görmektedir. Su kalitesi gözlemlerinin çeşitli açılardan değerlendirilmesi, karar vericiler için sürdürülebilir su yönetiminin de temel unsurlardan biridir. Meteorolojik, hidrolojik ve insan kaynaklı değişimlerin neden olduğu su kalitesindeki mevsimsel değişikliklerin değerlendirilmesi, yönetim kararlarında kullanılması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Sunulan çalışmada, yoğun tarımsal bölgelerin bulunduğu Küçük Menderes Havzası seçilmiş, bölgenin iklim özelliklerine göre, incelenen dönem soğuk ve sıcak olarak ikiye ayrılarak, yüzeysel su kalitesindeki değişimin incelenmesi ve parametrik olmayan istatistiksel yöntemlerle değişkenlerdeki dönemsel eğilimin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, incelenen zaman aralığında havza genelinde organik kirlilik ve azot değişkeni konsantrasyonlarında anlamlı bir artış, çözünmüş oksijen değerinde ise anlamlı bir azalma olduğu izlenmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler ile su kalitesi parametrelerinin mevsimsel değişimlerinin incelenmesinin, kirlilik önleme planlarının hazırlanmasına alt yapı oluşturacağı düşünülmekte; gelecek planlamalara temel oluşturulacak etken unsurların belirlenmesine katkıda bulunulacağı ve benzer şekilde, yönetim, idare ve gözlem sistemi kararlarının değerlendirilmesinde de destek alt yapı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Kastamonu’da Tüketilen Ticari Ayranların Bazı Mikrobiyolojik ve Fizikokimyasal Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Dinç Betül Hilal , Tahmas Kahyaoğlu Deren
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmada 2020 yılının Ocak ayında Kastamonu’daki 32 adet açıkta satılan ayran (ASA) ve 32 adet de ambalajlı ayran (AA) olmak üzere toplam 64 adet ayran örneği ile çalışılmıştır. ASA ve AA örneklerinde toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri (TAMB), MRS agarda gelişen laktik asit bakterileri, M17 agarda gelişen laktik asit bakterileri, maya-küf, koliform grubu bakteri ve Staphylococcus aureus ortalama sayıları sırasıyla 5,78 log kob/ml-3,26 log kob/ml; 4,76 log kob/ml-3,66 log kob/ml; 4,17 log kob/ml-2,71 log kob/ml; 3,55 log kob/ml-<2 log kob/ml; 0,25 log kob/ml-<2 log kob/ml; 2,26 log kob/ml-<2 log kob/ml olarak bulunmuştur. ASA ve AA örneklerinde kurumadde (KM), yağ, yağsız KM, protein, pH, titrasyon asitliği (TA), tuz, laktoz, özgül ağırlık, serum ayrılması ve viskozite değerleri sırasıyla %6,18-7,27; %1,45-1,82; %4,73-5,45; %2,05-1,95; 3,89-4,33; %0,60-0,51; %0,43-0,92; %2,24-2,57; 1,0135-1,0210; %29,41-24,12; 66,2878-63,4603 olarak tespit edilmiştir. AA örneklerinin tamamı Türk Gıda Kodeksi Fermente Süt Ürünleri Tebliği’nde belirtilen mikrobiyolojik kriterlere göre uygun bulunmuştur. Söz konusu tebliğe göre ortalama değerler göz önüne alındığında, AA örnekleri tam yağlı ayran (süt yağı ≥1,8), ASA örnekleri ise %1,45 yağlı ayran olarak belirlenmiştir.
Relaxations of Conditions of Lyapunov Functions
Authors: Şahan Gökhan
Published: August 2021

In this study, stability conditions are given for nonlinear time varying systems using the classical Lyapunov 2nd Method and its arguments. A novel approach is utilized and so that uniform stability can also be proved by using an unclassical Lyapunov Function. In contrast with the studies in the literature, Lyapunov Function is allowed to be negative definite and increasing through the system. To construct a classical Lyapunov Function, we use a reverse time approach methodology for the intervals where the unclassical one is increasing. So we prove the stability using a new Lyapunov Function construction methodology. The main result shows that the existence of such a function guarantees the stability of the origin. Some numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the efficiency of the method we use.
Lie Cebiroidleri Üzerindeki Lagrange Dinamiğinin Eşlenmesi Problemi Üzerine
Authors: Esen Oğul , Kaya Hanife Kübra , Sütlü Serkan
Published: August 2021

Lie cebiroidleri, bir anlamda tanjant demetini ve Lie cebiri yapısını beraber ihtiva eden ve fakat daha genel olan geometrik inşaalardır. Lagrange dinamiğinin en genel ifadesi Lie cebiroidleri üzerinde mümkündür. Bu makalede, karşılıklı (Lie cebiroidi üzerinde tanımlı) etki içindeki iki Lagrange dinamiğinin beraber davranışı, geometrik ve cebirsel bir yol ile elde edilecektir. Bu bakış açısı ile etkileşim Lie cebiroidlerinin birbirleri üzerine olan lineer temsilleri (etkileri) ifade edilecektir. Bu sayede, belirli uyumluluk şartını sağlayan karşılıklı etki içindeki iki Lie cebiroidinin eşlenmesi, diğer bir ifade ile tek bir Lie cebiroidi olarak yazılması sağlanacaktır. Sonrasında ise eşlenmiş Lie cebiroidi üzerinde Lagrange dinamiği yazılacaktır. Elde edilecek kollektif (eşlenmiş) hareket denklemleri, bireysel davranışların gözlemlenmesinin yanı sıra karşılıklı etki terimlerinin de belirlenmesine olanak verecektir. Çalışmamız esnasında bir çok örnek sunularak teorik tanımların daha net anlatımı yakalanmaya çalışılacaktır.
Surface Family With A Common Bertrand B-Isoasymptotic Curve
Authors: Şaffak Atalay Gülnur , Ayvacı Kebire Hilal
Published: August 2021

This study consists of four sections. In the first section, objective of the study and background are given. Second section is devoted to basic definitions and theorems related to 3-dimensional Euclidean spaces. Bertrand-B curve definition given the basic theorems related to the subject was mentioned. In the third chapter of the section, common Bertrand-B isoasymptotic surface families were examine, so we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for a given curve (with Bishop 2-frame) such that its Bertrand-B pair is both isoparametric and asymptotic on a parametric surfaces. In the last section, results of this study and future studies are discussed and we present some interesting examples to show the validity of this study.
A Novel Adaptive OFO-OFDM Modulation for Visible Light Communication
Authors: Ibhaze Augustus , Edeko Frederick , Orukpe Patience
Published: August 2021

Radio frequency techniques have been deployed in the past time for wireless communication and following its spectral crunch and limited throughput, the visible light spectrum with enormously large bandwidth and potentials for high throughput is being investigated in this work. This study is aimed at investigating and modeling a signal conditioning scheme in the visible light spectrum in view of enhancing the throughput of the network. To effectively enhance communication throughput, a possible solution is to deploy multicarrier techniques. In this work, an adaptive Optimized Flipped Optical (OFO) OFDM is proposed for improved throughput using Lagrange Multiplier and Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno Algorithm (BFGSA). The Lagrange Multiplier technique was used to formulate the model for the optimization of the throughput constrained by the bit error rate (BER) and the total subcarrier transmit power whereas the BFGSA was used for the estimation of the approximation to the Hessian matrix for the computation of the optimal throughput value. Results showed improved spectral efficiency in favor of the proposed algorithm when compared with the conventional schemes. Further validations revealed the performance superiority of the proposed algorithm when compared with Castel, Wyglinski and Bedeer algorithms under comparable operating conditions for a given average signal to noise ratio (SNR).
Optimization of Electrostatic Quadrupole Profile to Reduce Image Charge Effects
Authors: Hacıomeroglu Selcuk
Published: August 2021

Vertical electric fields need to remain orders of magnitude smaller than the horizontal electric field in storage ring electric dipole moment experiments. Otherwise, the coupling with the magnetic dipole moment dominates the spin precession, eventually leading to a false signal. This work presents first quantitative studies regarding electrostatic quadrupole profile optimization, which helps suppressing image beam induced vertical electric fields. Besides the demonstration of the profile optimization, its suppression performance is also studied for various beam offsets and beam size configurations. It is found that with the optimum profile, the vertical electric field can be reduced by two orders of magnitude.
Determination of Germination Parameters of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars Under Salt Stress
Authors: Tonguç Muhammet , Önder Sercan , Mutlucan Murat
Published: August 2021

The present study was carried out to characterize germination capacity of 10 safflower cultivars under saline conditions. Five salt (NaCl) levels (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 mM) were used to test safflower seeds. Germination of seeds was counted every day for 14 days and germination percentage, Timson’s germination index, mean germination time, mean germination rate and germination stress index were calculated. Cultivar and salinity treatments were important for all parameters; however mean germination time and mean germination rate interactions were not important. Germination percentage, Timson’s germination and germination stress indices decreased significantly with increased salt concentrations. However, mean germination time increased with higher salt concentrations. The most significant reductions in germination percentage were observed at 180 and 240 mM salt concentrations. Correlation coefficients were all important for germination indices. Based on germination indices, Leed and FO2 were more sensitive to salt stress at germination stage and Royal was more resistant than the other cultivars tested. Germination percentage, Timson’s germination index and germination stress index were better to assess germination capacity of safflower cultivars under salt stress conditions. Mean germination time and rate were not suitable to assess differences in germination parameters of the cultivars under stress conditions.
Examination of User Experiences and Needs for the Web Page and Learning Environment Used by Students with Special Needs in Open and Distance Learning: The Case of Anadolu University
Authors: OKUR Muhammet Recep , KILINÇ Hakan , YILDIZ Gizem
Published: August 2021

E-learning systems with its flexible structure offer learning environments independent of time and place for students with special needs. The effectiveness of these environments for students with special needs depends on the creation of designs that consider their individual needs. The aim of this research is to reveal the needs, difficulties, and solution suggestions by determining the user experiences for the "e-Campus" system as the web page of the Anadolu University Open Education System "Barrier-Free Open Education Faculty (OEF)", which provides services to most university students with special needs in Turkey, and the online learning environment. For this purpose, a case study design, in which qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques are used together, was used. A total of 9533 students, including 9513 students with special needs and 20 visually impaired students, participated in the quantitative stage of the study. According to the findings of the research, students with special needs reported that the web page and e-Campus system they use are easy to use, they can easily find the content they are looking for, they can access other services from the web page and offer useful content. On the other hand, difficulties in using the mobile application login screen, accessing the call center, and accessing some content on the e-Campus were mentioned among the issues encountered. The visually impaired participants requested support for facilitating access to live lectures, enlarging the texts in online exams, and giving additional time, adding voice prompts to the entry page, and increasing audio narrations. In line with these supports required by the participants and the literature, solution suggestions to overcome the difficulties were discussed
Perindopril Arginine, Indapamide, and Amlodipine Fixed Dose Combination Induced Gingival Overgrowth: Two Cases with Specific Clinical Presentation
Authors: AKKİTAP Melda Pelin , GÜMRÜ Birsay , AĞRALI Ömer Birkan , BABALI Selin
Published: August 2021

Drug induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a frequent adverse effect of systemic medications. Amlodipine, although accepted as a safe antihypertensive drug due to its longer duration of action with lower dose and fewer adverse reactions compared to other antihypertensive agents, is among the causative drugs. As the aetiology of hypertension is multifactorial, a fixed dose combination containing amlodipine and other antihypertensive agents is currently preferred by physicians as a new treatment approach. The aim of this article is to report two cases of perindopril arginine, indapamide, and amlodipine fixed dose combination induced gingival overgrowth with an emphasis on the specific clinical presentation. Intraoral examination revealed poor oral hygiene, excessive dental plaque accumulation, and erythematous, oedematous, lobulated, enlarged marginal and interdental gingivae prone to bleeding. It was noteworthy that a red band appearance was present on the enlarged labial marginal gingivae in the patients. One month after the drug substitution, proper oral hygiene education and plaque control, and non-surgical periodontal treatment, a marked regression in DIGO and accompanying inflammatory symptoms were observed. Medical and dental practitioners should be aware that antihypertensive drugs used alone or in combination with other agents have the potential to cause gingival overgrowth.
Analysis of the selection of chosen technical parameters of the powertrain system for a diesel-electric rail-road tractor
Authors: DASZKIEWICZ Paweł , ANDRZEJEWSKI Maciej , MEDWID Marian , URBAŃSKI Patryk , CIERNIEWSKI Maksymilian , WOCH Aleksandra , STEFAŃSKA Natalia
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of a simplified analysis of the feasibility of designing a rail chassis of a two-way tractor with an internal combustion or electric drive. Basic traction and operating parameters have been assumed for which the road-rail tractor could operate in an effective manner. On their basis, strength calculations were carried out and mechanical elements of the drive system meeting the required assumptions were selected. All the calculations presented in the text were fulfilled. The technical feasibility of building the mechanical part of the rail running gear of a rail-road tractor driven by an internal combustion engine or electric motors has been demonstrated.
The Concept of Wisdom from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Dawood A. Al-Hidabi  , Mansour Khiati
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to reach a definition of the concept of wisdom from an Islamic perspective by reviewing the Qur’anic verses and hadiths, the Islamic heritage in early centuries, and discussing the opinions of Muslim scholars who studied wisdom, its meanings and related concepts. To achieve this purpose, an inductive approach to data collection was followed to arrive at a comprehensive definition that helps in reaching its translation into programs to develop wisdom in individuals. The study concluded with a definition of wisdom according to the Islamic perspective and a theoretical model that defines the components of wisdom. The study also recommended that researchers and educationalists have to pay more attention to this topic and strive to develop wisdom programs through the educational curriculum.
A Proposed Framework for Innovation in Gifted Education Research in Light of 21st-century skills: A Foresight Study Using Delphi Method
Authors: Rimeyah H.S. Almutairi
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to propose a framework for innovation in gifted education research studies in the light of 21st-century skills. To examine the current innovation in gifted research, a preliminary opinion poll was administered to a sample of 358 participants representing various segments of the society, using an electronic questionnaire. The results indicated that 27% ​​believed that research in the gifted education was developed and led to new outcomes, whereas 23% said that research in this area was just replication of studies. The study used descriptive and Delphi methods to develop the main study tool, which was a criteria questionnaire of 21st-century innovative research. This was achieved by a survey given to 16 experts in innovation research methods and the gifted education. The questionnaire was given to them in three rounds: the first was by using an open-ended questionnaire, while the second and third were by using a closed-ended questionnaire. By applying the questionnaire to a sample of 160 researchers, the reliability and validity ranged between (0.6-0.8). Results indicated agreement degrees between (46.6%-44%). The suggested framework for innovation in research of the gifted education was developed in the light of criteria proposed by the experts. The study recommended taking advantage of the proposed framework according to the specified dimensions; and conducting research to develop gifted education studies, for it is a major tool to define the framework of providing services to the gifted.
The Effect of Implementing a Proposed Program for Developing Creative Thinking Skills among Student-Teachers at the Higher Teachers' Institute, Algeria
Authors: Dawood A. Al-Hidabi  , Fatiha Laçri
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to investigate the impact of implementing an improved program for developing creative thinking skills among student-teachers at the Higher Teachers' Institute (Bashir Al Ibrahimi), Algeria. The quantitative, semi-experimental, one-group approach was used, involving a pre-and post-test. The developed program was applied to a sample of 37 male and female students from science classes. The verbal creative thinking test of Torrance Brown, which was translated to Arabic by Khair Allah, was used after confirming its validity and reliability. The results of the (T) test showed that there were statistically significant differences between the post-test and the pre-test of the creative thinking test. The results also indicated that the effect of the developed program in developing creative thinking skills (originality, fluency and flexibility) according to the Cohen indicator (D) exceeded (0.8), which means that the effect was high, as the volume of the effect was (2.51). The study recommended that teaching creative thinking skills should be included as an independent program for student-teachers in higher institutes.
The investigation of Turkey’s road safety decisions by Haddon Matrix and 7Es
Authors: ÖZTÜRK İbrahim , BIÇAKSIZ Pınar , ÜZÜMCÜOĞLU ZİHNİ Yeşim , ÖZKAN Türker
Published: August 2021

Objective: Road traffic crashes are one of the crucial public health problems in Turkey and all over the world. Various human, vehicle, and environment factors have been associated with road traffic crashes and different policies, strategies, and interventions have been applied to decrease adverse outcomes such as deaths. Strategies adopted and applied by authorities play a crucial role in road safety.Methods: In the present study, the road safety decisions taken by the Road Traffic Safety Province Coordination Board of each of the 81 provinces of Turkey were analysed by using two frameworks,the Haddon Matrix and Es of road safety.Results: The classification procedure resulted in 8840 decisions in different cities and 652 unique decisions across Turkey. These decisions were classified based on the Haddon Matrix and Es of road safety. The majority of the decisions focused on the pre-crash phase and education, enforcement, engineering and evaluation activities.Conclusion: In line with the strategic decisions, practical implications were discussed, and suggestions have been introduced for the future of road safety. The study provides both methodological and practical implications for road safety research and agenda. It is believed that the use of the Haddon Matrix and 7Es of road safety for policy development will result in significant improvements in public health interventions.
Perceptions of e-learning among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic in a medical institution, Kerala
Authors: KURUVİLLA Babita , THOMAS Ann , KALLİATH Jacob , JOHN Alexander , ROSE Brilly
Published: August 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has made a smorgasbord of changes in the educational sector worldwide. It has compelled us to resort to internet media as an alternative to complete the required syllabus. Objective: To assess the perceptions of E-learning among medical students in private medical institution in Kerala. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in a private medical institution for a period of 2 months. Three hundred and two medical undergraduates from all batches who consented to participate were included in the study. Data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire through Google forms. Results: E-learning was preferred by 19.9% students over conventional classroom learning and 74.2% perceived it as difficult. Nearly half of the students were anxious about their future education and career. Flexibility of learning (75.5%) was a major advantage whereas technological constraints (85.6%), fatigue of eyes (60.3%), lack of motivation(54%) were some of the constraints of E-learning listed by them. Conclusion: Overall, three – fourth of the medical students have had a good E-learning experience. However acceptable alternatives are to be adopted by the medical universities for maintaining the uniformity of teaching and retaining the quality of medical education.
Mobile money operations, financial inclusion and Socioeconomic factors in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Ikue Nenubari John , Sodipo John , Zeb-Omoni Samuel , Uche Onyinyechi , Enegesi Linus , Taenyi Ernest , Ekuase Edwin , Simeon Mtomabari , Alalibo Boma
Published: August 2021

The improvement in the standard of living of citizenry is beyond lack of money but the poverty to access financial instruments and means to financial platforms. Such that lack of access to financial instruments and services is a major veritable channel for poverty amplification in the society. This paper examines the relationship between Mobile Money Operations (MMOs) and Financial Inclusion in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The paper also analysis the trends of the instruments of financial inclusion and MMOs in Nigeria from 2012 to 2019. The primary and secondary were data sourced and analyzed with the Net Balance Methods, Instruments of inferential and descriptive statistics. The survey results show a visual cycle of higher number of respondents with secondary school qualifications and less which have led to low income and an ineffective participation to mobile money and financial inclusions in the rural areas. We equally observed that poor internet and mobile networks, epileptic power supply, unclear economic policies among others are major setback for the insignificant relationship between MMOs and financial inclusion in the Niger Delta region. This implies that the growth of mobile banking and financial inclusions to facilitate financial system soundness and enhances economic growth and development required more motivations from institutions other than the financial institutions; as a ways of encouraging increased Nigerians participation. Base on the result the paper can assumes that the financial system has provided the needed instrument for citizen participation but the social and economic conditions of the country is the bottleneck for financial inclusions.
Does online ideal self-matter? Consumer perceptions of online brand advertisement
Authors: Waterson Aimee Peta , Mototo Lebogang , Chuchu Tinashe
Published: August 2021

The internet and online space have created numerous platforms for users to communicate and interact, where each platform provides access to different sources of information. The purpose of the study was to investigate the online ideal self and its influence on brand attitude and attachment towards consumer purchase intention. A unique conceptual model was developed to test the proposed hypotheses of the study. Social media is one of the leading communication platforms that have emerged in the online space. Social media allows consumers and brands to interact in an informal manner from anywhere in the world. The study adopted a quantitative approach utilizing the survey method. Data was collected from 300 consumers. The data was then processed in SPSS 24 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 24 for hypotheses testing. A key finding suggests that social media consumers’ attachment is considerably dependent on their attitudes towards those brands. Brands can use social media to receive real-time feedback from customers as well as track this feedback. Implications emerged from the findings and further research direction is proposed.
Explanatory sequential design of mixed methods research: Phases and challenges
Authors: Toyon Mohammad Abu Sayed
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this essay is to discuss the phases and challenges of the explanatory sequential design (ESD hereinafter) of mixed methods research (MMR hereinafter) by reviewing relevant literature. The literature was explored during the design stage of a Ph.D. project that sought to examine the relationship among social capital, education, and employment for foreign students graduating from several Estonian universities. The review finds that the explanatory sequential design of MMR is much more complex than just sequencing how and what kind of data to collect; it also entails selecting how data will be processed and presented using a range of techniques that are often riddled with difficulties. By addressing these ideas, this paper will aid those interested in comprehending the summary of the explanatory sequential design of MMR.
Does board of commissioners independence still relevant in tax avoidance monitoring?
Authors: Alhady Imam , Arieftiara Dianwicaksih , Lastiningsih Noegrahini
Published: August 2021

This study aims to examine does independence of the Board of Commissioner (BOC) is still relevant as a corporate governance mechanism regarding monitoring managers’ activity, such as aggressive in financial reporting and tax avoidance during financial distress condition. The focus of this study is listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), particularly on Mining and Consumer Good Industry sector for period 2016 until 2018. Using multiple linear regression analysis, this study documents that Independency of board commissioner has significant effect on manager’s activity in avoiding tax, however this study failed to document that independency moderates the effect of financial distress and financial reporting aggressiveness on tax avoidance. In addition, this study find that financial distress and financial re-porting aggressiveness positively affect tax avoidance. This study contributes on two ways, first, it adds empirical evidence regarding the relevancy of board of commissioner’s independency as a measure of corporate governance mechanism to monitor managers’ activities in avoiding tax. Second, it also adds evidence that independence is unable to moderates the effect of financial distress and financial reporting aggressiveness on tax avoidance activities performed by managers. In brief, this study implies that the independence of BoC, solely as a measure of corporate governance mechanism is less relevant in a current situation especially when the company facing financial distress conditions and managers’ aggressiveness in financial reporting. Managers should more pay attention to the discretion of tax avoidance activities particularly when facing financial distress condition. The results also imply that regulatory bodies, for instance, Stock Exchange Supervisory Board under the Indonesian Financial Services Authority should reconsider or reformation the concept of independence of Board Commissioners.
Implementation of pentahelix collaboration in handling Covid-19 pandemic through Kampung Tangguh program in Malang
Authors: Yunas Novy Setia
Published: August 2021

Covid-19 has become a global pandemic that many may not know when it will end. In quantity, now Covid-19 sufferers have reached 100 million, which are spread across approximately 220 countries around the world, including Indonesia. In Indonesia itself, to this day the trend of increasing confirmed positive Covid-19 patients is still happening and has exceeded the 1 million mark. Of course, various policies have been carried out by the central and local governments. Pandemic conditions that have an impact on various aspects of human life, of course, cannot be resolved by the Government alone. There is a need for collaborative efforts between all stakeholders such as Community, University/academics, Private Sector and Media to fight the Covid-19. This article is the result of research on the Kampung Tangguh program in Malang City, which includes pentahelix collaboration in an effort to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic by using descriptive research methods that use an instrument in the form of in-depth interviews conducted on several informants determined by purposive sampling techniques and field observations and analyzed by means of non-statistical data regarding the facts from the existing research locations in several locations of Kampung Tangguh in Malang. As a result, the Government, Community, University, Private Sector and Media are moving together in the Kampung Tangguh program in Malang as an effort to deal with Covid-19 and increase resilient efforts for rural communities who are not only healthy and protected from Covid-19 but also logistically tough, tough in human resources, resilient in information, resilient in security and order, tough in terms of culture and tough psychologically.
Moderation of tax socialization of factors affecting taxpayer compliance in the time of Covid-19
Authors: Karnowati Nandang Bekti , Handayani Erna
Published: August 2021

The level of taxpayer compliance has decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Regional Revenue Management Agency recorded that as many as 1.6 million motorized vehicles were in arrears in taxes as of September 2020. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of the tax whitening program, taxpayer awareness, and tax knowledge on taxpayer compliance with tax socialization as a moderating variable in the correlation. The questionnaire uses a Likert scale with 100 motor vehicle taxpayers domiciled in the Cilacap, Banyumas, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, and Kebumen areas. The research sample was taken using the non-probability sampling technique. The questionnaire data was then processed using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis by testing the outer and inner models. The results show that tax whitening, taxpayer awareness, and tax knowledge directly impact taxpayer compliance. However, tax socialization does not affect taxpayer compliance. Tax socialization cannot moderate the factors that support taxpayer compliance and does not directly affect taxpayer compliance. This study explains that tax whitening can be used as a solution to improve vehicle tax compliance. Meanwhile, tax awareness and tax knowledge which are internal factors, reflect that taxpayers have good knowledge to be aware of their obligations to pay taxes and comply with existing tax regulations. Tax socialization cannot moderate the factors that support taxpayer compliance and does not directly affect taxpayer compliance. These conditions indicate the government's lack of effort in providing tax information and knowledge to the public. Activities to disseminate information, tax knowledge, and tax education to the public must be carried out intensely and continuously to increase taxpayer compliance.
Quality of product, service, and delivery affect consumer perceptions in determining online store ratings
Authors: Siswati Endang , Widiana Muslichah Erma
Published: August 2021

This study is a quantitative study that aims to determine and analyze whether 3 quality perspectives namely product quality, service quality and delivery quality affect consumer perceptions in rating online stores. The purpose of this study is to find out how consumers rate online stores from three points of view, namely the point of view of product quality, delivery quality, and from the point of view of service quality. This study is located in Surabaya and took a sample of 70 respondents with the provisions of doing online shopping as much as 5 times in the last 1 month. After fulfilling the validity and reliability test, then doing hypothesis testing using the F test and t-test. The results showed that 3 quality perspectives, namely product quality, service quality, and delivery quality either partially or simultaneously had a significant effect on consumer perceptions in determining online store ratings. In addition to building a store image, giving a high rating from consumers will also increase sales turnover which will have an impact on increasing online store profits.
The effect of financial distress using the Altman and Springate Models on stock return in mediated earnings management
Authors: Bachmid Faradisa , Sumiati Sumiati , Aisjah Siti
Published: August 2021

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of financial distress with the Altman and Springate Models on stock returns either directly or indirectly by involving earnings management as a mediation. This study uses secondary data from Textile and Garment Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015-2019, with a sample of 20 companies using sampling so that 100 observations are obtained. The data is obtained from the annual financial statements. The data analysis technique used SEM-PLS with the help of WarpPLS 6.0 software. The results of the study provide empirical evidence that financial distress has a positive effect on earnings management, while financial distress and earnings management has a negative effect on stock returns. Earnings management is able to mediate the effect of financial distress on stock returns.
Effect of operational and market risk exposures on financial performance of DT-Saccos in Kenya
Authors: Mwanja Sisimonda Kinya
Published: August 2021

The main aim of the investigation was to analyze the effect of operational and market risk exposures on the financial performance of DT-SACCOs in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to; assess the effect of operating expense risk exposure on the financial performance of DT-SACCOs in Kenya; To establish the effect of operation efficiency risk exposure on the financial performance of DT-SACCOs in Kenya; Effect of interest rate risk exposure on the financial performance of DT-SACCOs in Kenya; Effect of foreign exchange rate risk exposure on the financial performance of DT-SACCOs in Kenya. Effect of operational and market risk exposure on the financial performance of DT-SACCOs in Kenya. The study used panel data between the years 2010-2019 which was 10 years period. The results revealed that at both bivariate and multivariate regression operating expense risk, operating efficiency and foreign exchange risk exposure had a significant effect on the financial performance of DT-SACCOs in Kenya. Only interest rate risk exposure did not have a significant effect on the financial performance of DT-SACCOs in Kenya.
Examining the effect of human resource planning on the performance of public sector organizations
Authors: Ubah Chizomam , Ibrahim Umar Abbas
Published: August 2021

The study examines the effect human resource planning has on the performance of public sector organizations in Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design with the collection of primary data using a questionnaire that was administered to 100 employees in the human resource department of the Ministry of Works and housing in Abuja, Nigeria. Correlation analysis using Pearson correlation was employed to determine the relationship between the variables and regression analysis was used to analyze the hypotheses with the aid of the IBM statistical package for social sciences. The result findings revealed that the multiple correlation coefficient indicates a strong correlation between the variables (R= 0.779). and that projected demand for workforce and recruitment and selection account for 60.7% of the total variation in organization performance. Of the two variables used, the recruitment and selection process account for the highest contribution to organization performance. Effective human resource planning in terms of projected demand for workforce and recruitment and selection will enable institutions to attract the right kind of people in the right numbers, improve employees' expertise, talents, and abilities, and keep them in the business. The study recommends that the recruitment and selection process should be open and transparent with little or no political interference to allow for the selection of applicants with the right expertise and skills into the workforce.
Impact of customer satisfaction on business performance of SME’s in Nigeria
Authors: Zakari Ahmed Abubakar , Ibrahim Umar Abbas
Published: August 2021

The article examines the Impact of Customer Satisfaction on the Business Performance of SMEs in Nigeria. The relationship between customer satisfaction and business performance is an important relationship for the development and growth of any nation's economy. The survey design method was applying for the study with its population being drawn from customers and staff in the organization with its outcomes results showing a greater significant relationship between customer satisfaction and business performance but recommended that financial supports to SMEs' will increase customer satisfaction. The survey research design was used as the data used in this research were collected from primary sources i.e. both primary and secondary sources. The primary data were gathered through the use of a structured questionnaire and about one hundred (100) questionnaires were administered to select registered SMEs for responses within. This study concludes that customer satisfaction in business is positively affected by business performance. As profitability is the ability of an organization to earn a return on the resources invested which remains the main key to measure the overall position and performance of the business enterprise.
Effect of job stress on commitment of female entrepreneurs: Evidence from Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Kabir Isah , Ibrahim Umar Abbas
Published: August 2021

Job stress affects and influences the mental, physical, and well-being of an entrepreneur. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between work-family conflict, role overload, and the business environment on the commitment of microentrepreneurs in Abuja. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design, data were obtained via an online survey, only the 65 questionnaires were returned. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and hypotheses were tested with linear regression. Findings from the study indicate a positive relationship between work-family conflict, role overload, and work environment. and the study recommended that future studies should enlarge the sample size of this study and identify other job stress variable that was not included in this study.
The impact of aid for trade on horizontal and vertical export diversification
Authors: Vellem Vuyolwethu , Matezo Espoir Lukau
Published: August 2021

This work aims to identify the existing relationship between aid-for-trade flows and export diversification in sub-Saharan Africa and to develop Asia countries. The results of the estimate, conducted by the Generalized Moments Method (GMM) over the period 1995-2019, show a positive impact of Aid for Trade on horizontal and vertical diversification of exports for the entire sample, including positive and significant effects on per capita GDP growth, gross capital formation, commercial freedom, human capital, and population growth. In the sub-Saharan African sub-sample, Aid for Trade positively impacts vertical and horizontal diversification and the other variables, such as GDP by habitat, FDI, gross capital formation, and human capital; on the other hand, in the sub-sample of Asian countries, aid has a negative impact on horizontal and vertical diversification; moreover, GDP, FDI, gross capital formation, human capital, population growth, and inflation have a positive influence. Our study compared to previous studies mainly dealt with the “impact of aid on export diversification” aggregated forms, but this study fills the gaps in the literature by examining the impact of trade aid on diversification. from its vertical and horizontal dimensions and contribute to the improvement of knowledge in this field.