bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opioid Free Anaesthesia and Cancer
Authors: Malo-Manso Alfredo , Raigon-Ponferrada Aida , Diaz-Crespo Julia , Escalona-Belmonte Juan J. , Cruz-Mañas Jose , Guerrero-Orriach Jose L.
Published: July 2019

:

Opioid-free anesthesia is revolutionizing anesthetic practices for its potential benefits in selected patients.
Opioid-free anesthesia represents a step forward in anesthetic practice as it has been suggested to provide
potential clinical benefits for selected patients. Opioid-free anesthesia spares the use of opioids and involves the
administration of multiple adjuvant anesthetics, which may have an impact on cancer progression. All this have
added to the growing interest in the immune response to anesthetics, making opioid-free anesthesia a promising
avenue for future research.

:

Assessing the role of anesthetics in immunomodulation in the surgical setting is challenging, and results are often
contradictory. Indeed, there is a scarcity of data of studies on humans, which hinder the interpretation of results.
However, promising evidence has been published that cancer progression can be delayed by the administration of
specific anesthetic agents.
Rationale and Design of the CAN Study: an RCT of Survival after Propofol- or Sevoflurane-based Anesthesia for Cancer Surgery
Authors: Enlund Mats , Enlund Anna , Berglund Anders , Bergkvist Leif
Published: July 2019

Background:

Based on animal data only, some clinicians have adopted propofol-based anesthesia for cancer surgery with the aim of increased survival.

Objective:

Our objective is to verify or refute the hypothesis that survival increases after cancer surgery with propofol compared with sevoflurane for anesthesia maintenance. This aim deserves a large-scale randomized study. The primary hypothesis is an absolute increase of minimum 5%-units in 1- and 5-year survival with propofol- based anesthesia for breast or colorectal cancer after radical surgery, compared with sevoflurane-based anesthesia.

Method:

Ethics and medical agency approvals were received and pre-study registrations at clinicaltrial.gov and EudraCT were made for our now ongoing prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter study. A power analysis based on a retrospective study, including a safety margin for drop outs, resulted in a total requirement of 8,000 patients. The initial inclusion period constituted a feasibility phase with an emphasis on the functionality of the infrastructure at the contributing centers and at the monitoring organization, as well as on protocol adherence.

Conclusion:

The infrastructure and organization work smoothly at the different contributing centers. Protocol adherence is good, and the monitors are satisfied. We expect this trial to be able to either verify or refute that propofol is better than sevoflurane for cancer surgery.
Is There Something Fishy About Fish Oil?
Authors: Šunderić Miloš , Robajac Dragana , Gligorijević Nikola , Miljuš Goran , Nedić Olgica , Smilkov Katarina , Ackova Darinka Gjorgieva , Rudić-Grujić Vesna , Penezić Ana
Published: July 2019

Background:

Fish is consumed as food worldwide and is considered as a rich source of essential nutrients
required for a healthy life. Supplementation with fish oil has been adopted as a solution to prevent or cure
many pathophysiological states and diseases by both the professionals and the civil population. The beneficial
effects are, however, being questioned, as some controversial results were obtained in clinical and population
studies.

Methods:

Critical evaluation of studies regarding known effects of fish oil, both in favour of its consumption and
related controversies.

Results:

From the literature review, contradictory allegations about the positive action of the fish oil on human
health emerged, so that a clear line about its beneficial effect cannot be withdrawn.

Conclusion:

Scientific results on the application of fish oil should be taken with caution as there is still no standardised
approach in testing its effects and there are significantly different baselines in respect to nutritional and
other lifestyle habits of different populations.
Vitamin D: A Micronutrient Regulating Genes
Authors: Carlberg Carsten
Published: July 2019

Background:

At sufficient sun exposure, humans can synthesize vitamin D3 endogenously in their skin, but today’s lifestyle makes the secosteroid a true vitamin that needs to be taken up by diet or supplementation with pills. The vitamin D3 metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts as a nuclear hormone activating the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR).

Methods:

This review discusses the biological effects of micronutrient vitamin D ranging from calcium homeostasis and bone formation to the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

Results:

Since normal human diet is sufficient in vitamin D, the need for efficient vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin acts as an evolutionary driver for its lightening during the migration out of Africa towards North. Via activating the VDR, vitamin D has direct effects on the epigenome and the expression of more than 1000 genes in most human tissues and cell types.

Conclusion:

The pleiotropic action of vitamin D in health and disease prevention is explained through complex gene regulatory events of the transcription factor VDR.
Association of SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 Genetic Variants with Atorvastatin-induced Myopathy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhang Limin , Lv Hong , Zhang Qian , Wang Dongzhi , Kang Xixiong , Zhang Guojun , Li Xingang
Published: July 2019

Background:

Certain patients experience muscle-related adverse effects after taking atorvastatin. Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence of statin-induced myopathy.

Aim:

We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with statin-induced myotoxicity.

Methods:

We prospectively enrolled 1,102 acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent atorvastatin treatment for the first time after admission. Patients were separated into case and control groups after a follow-up of 3 months. We used a biochemical definition of myopathy consisting of serum creatine kinase values more than ten times the upper limit of normal for the reference laboratory (150 U/L). Fifty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from seven genes of ABCB1, CoQ2, HTR3B, RYR2, CYP3A5, HTR7 and SLCO1B1 were selected and genotyped. The effects of genetic polymorphisms on myopathy were observed.

Results:

61 cases and 110 controls were recruited in the study. Compared with the controls, the cases had a significant higher mutant frequency of the allele A (ABCB1, rs2373588) (OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.10-3.67, P = 0.001) and a significant lower mutant frequency of the allele A (SLCO1B1, rs976754) (OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.12-3.03, P = 0.042). Genotypes or alleles of the other SNPs had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our findings reveal that SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 genetic variants are associated with statin-induced myopathy. These are valuable biomarkers for the evaluation of atorvastatin safety.
Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF-2) Mediated Antioxidant Response on the Synergistic Antitumor Effect of L-Arginine and 5-Fluro Uracil (5FU) in Breast Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bala Asis , Panditharadyula Shravani Sripathi
Published: July 2019

Breast adenocarcinoma (BAC) in glandular tissue cells have excessive metastasis and invasion capability. The major challenges for the chemotherapy used for the management of BAC include chemoresistance and auto-immunosuppression in BAC. The 5-fluro uracil (5-FU) based therapy promotes the immune activation in BAC by targeting the regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). The beneficial effect of the combination of L-Arginine with 5-FU strives to be established in different pre-clinical and clinical conditions and explored in the scientific literature. L-Arginine induces NO production and potentiates the anticancer effect of 5-FU. NO-mediated signaling is regulated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2) mediated antioxidant response. NRF-2 mediated antioxidant mechanism always suppresses the formation of superoxide (O2 -) as well as other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus the utilization of NO by O2 - will be minimum in this combination therapy. The regulatory role of NRF-2 in regulation to Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) mediated cytoprotective gene expression in BAC remains unexplored. The present review summarizes the role of NRF-2 mediated antioxidant response on the synergistic antitumor effect of L-Arginine and 5-FU in BAC. This review brought new insight into the management of BAC and in the same context, a hypothesis is raised on the use of reduced glutathione (GSH) or N-Acetyl Cysteine as it may be an added adjuvant in the combination of 5- FU and L-Arginine for management of BAC.
An Overview on Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Seetharaman Rajasekar , Mahmood Anjum , Kshatriya Prashant , Patel Divyang , Srivastava Anand
Published: July 2019

Background:

Deteriorations in tissues and decline in organ functions, due to chronic diseases or with
advancing age or sometimes due to infections or injuries, can severely compromise the quality of life of an individual.
Regenerative medicine, a field of medical research focuses on replacing non-functional or dead cells or
repairing or regenerating tissues and organs to restore normal functions of an impaired organ. Approaches used in
regenerative therapy for achieving the objective employ a number of means which include soluble biomolecules,
stem cell transplants, tissue engineering, gene therapy and reprogramming of cells according to target tissue
types. Stem cells transplant and tissue regeneration methods for treating various diseases have rapidly grown in
usage over the past decades or so. There are different types of stem cells such as mesenchymal, hematopoietic,
embryonic, mammary, intestinal, endothelial, neural, olfactory, neural crest, testicular and induced pluripotent
stem cells.

Methods:

This review covers the recent advances in tissue regeneration and highlights the application of stem cell
transplants in treating many life-threatening diseases or in improving quality of life.

Results:

Remarkable progress in stem cell research has established that the cell-based therapy could be an option
for treating diseases which could not be cured by conventional medical means till recent. Stem cells play major
roles in regenerative medicine with its exceptional characteristics of self-renewal capacity and potential to differentiate
into almost all types of cells of a body.

Conclusion:

Vast number of reports on preclinical and clinical application of stem cells revealed its vital role in
disease management and many pharmacological industries around the globe working to achieve effective stem
cell based products.
A Novel Series of N-aryltriazole and N-acridinyltriazole Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Rono Charles K. , Darkwa James , Meyer Debra , Makhubela Banothile C.E.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Triazoles are a class of aza-heterocycles with broad spectrum of biological
importance. The synthetic tunability of the triazole moiety allows for the development of new pharmacophores
with applications as drugs to contend with the burden of cancer.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to develop a series of N-aryltriazole and N-acridinyltriazole molecular
hybrids and evaluate their potential as anticancer agents.

Methods:

The triazole derivatives (1-10) were synthesized via a tandem nucleophilic substitution of aryl
chlorides with sodium azide followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the resulting organic azides with
terminal/internal alkynes. From terminal alkynes, the well established copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkynes 1,3-
dipolar cycloaddition, a premier example of click chemistry, was employed to access the 1,4-regioisomers of
N-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles and N-acridynyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles. All the compounds thus synthesized were
characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry.

Results:

Thermally controlled 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was used to deliver N-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles with
1,4,5-substitution on the triazole framework. The unprecedented high regioselectivity promoted by the
sterically-strained silylated 1,4,5-trisubstituted moiety 4a offers a useful synthetic precursor with the silyl
group being a synthetic handle for further structural elaboration to the desired 1,(4),5-di(tri)substituted 1,2,3-
triazoles. Notably, anticancer evaluation revealed good cytotoxic activities of the novel acridinyltriazole
hybrids (6-10) at micromolar concentrations in the range of 12.5 µM–100 µM against cervical cancer HeLa,
kidney cancer HEK293, lung cancer A549 and leukemic MT4 cancer cell lines (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

A series of novel triazole-based acridine hybrids have been developed as potential leads for the
development of multifaceted anticancer agents.
An Intensity Variation Pattern Analysis Based Machine Learning Classifier for MRI Brain Tumor Detection
Authors: Murugesan Muthalakshmi , Ragavan Dhanasekaran
Published: July 2019

Background:

An accurate detection of tumor from the Magnetic Resonance Images
(MRIs) is a critical and demanding task in medical image processing, due to the varying shape and
structure of brain. So, different segmentation approaches such as manual, semi-automatic, and fully
automatic are developed in the traditional works. Among them, the fully automatic segmentation
techniques are increasingly used by the medical experts for an efficient disease diagnosis. But, it
has the limitations of over segmentation, increased complexity, and time consumption.

Objective:

In order to solve these problems, this paper aims to develop an efficient segmentation
and classification system by incorporating a novel image processing techniques.

Methods:

Here, the Distribution based Adaptive Median Filtering (DMAF) technique is employed
for preprocessing the image. Then, skull removal is performed to extract the tumor portion from
the filtered image. Further, the Neighborhood Differential Edge Detection (NDED) technique is
implemented to cluster the tumor affected pixels, and it is segmented by the use of Intensity Variation
Pattern Analysis (IVPA) technique. Finally, the normal and abnormal images are classified by
using the Weighted Machine Learning (WML) technique.

Results:

During experiments, the results of the existing and proposed segmentation and classification
techniques are evaluated based on different performance measures. To prove the superiority of
the proposed technique, it is compared with the existing techniques.

Conclusion:

From the analysis, it is observed that the proposed IVPA-WML techniques provide
the better results compared than the existing techniques.
Detecting Brain Tumor using Machines Learning Techniques Based on Different Features Extracting Strategies
Authors: Hussain Lal , Saeed Sharjil , Awan Imtiaz Ahmed , Idris Adnan , Nadeem Malik Sajjad Ahmed , Chaudhry Qurat-ul-Ain
Published: July 2019

Background:

Brain tumor is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is obvious that the
chances of survival can be increased if the tumor is identified and properly classified at an initial
stage. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is one source of brain tumors detection tool and is extensively
used in the diagnosis of brain to detect blood clots. In the past, many researchers developed
Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems that help the radiologist to detect the abnormalities
in an efficient manner.

Objective:

The aim of this research is to improve the brain tumor detection performance by proposing
a multimodal feature extracting strategy and employing machine learning techniques.

Methods:

In this study, we extracted multimodal features such as texture, morphological, entropybased,
Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), and Elliptic Fourier Descriptors (EFDs) from
brain tumor imaging database. The tumor was detected using robust machine learning techniques
such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) with kernels: polynomial, Radial Base Function (RBF),
Gaussian; Decision Tree (DT), and Naïve Bayes. Most commonly used Jack-knife 10-fold Cross-
Validation (CV) was used for testing and validation of dataset.

Results:

The performance was evaluated in terms of specificity, sensitivity, Positive Predictive
Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), False Positive Rate (FPR), Total Accuracy (TA),
Area under the receiver operating Curve (AUC), and P-value. The highest performance of 100% in
terms of Specificity, Sensitivity, PPV, NPV, TA, AUC using Naïve Bayes classifiers based on entropy,
morphological, SIFT and texture features followed by Decision Tree classifier with texture
features (TA=97.81%, AUC=1.0) and SVM polynomial kernel with texture features (TA=94.63%).
The highest significant p-value was obtained using SVM polynomial with texture features (P-value
2.65e-104) followed by SVM RB with texture features (P-value 1.96e-98).

Conclusion:

The results reveal that Naïve Bayes followed by Decision Tree gives highest detection
accuracy based on entropy, morphological, SIFT and texture features.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Functions of Cellular Markers Associated with the Phenotype of Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Alvarado-Ortiz Eduardo , Sarabia-Sánchez Miguel Á. , García-Carrancá Alejandro
Published: July 2019

Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) generally constitute a minor cellular population within tumors that exhibits some capacities of normal Stem Cells (SC). The existence of CSC, able to self-renew and differentiate, influences central aspects of tumor biology, in part because they can continue tumor growth, give rise to metastasis, and acquire drug and radioresistance, which open new avenues for therapeutics. It is well known that SC constantly interacts with their niche, which includes mesenchymal cells, extracellular ligands, and the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM). These interactions regularly lead to homeostasis and maintenance of SC characteristics. However, the exact participation of each of these components for CSC maintenance is not clear, as they appear to be context- or cell-specific. In the recent past, surface cellular markers have been fundamental molecular tools for identifying CSC and distinguishing them from other tumor cells. Importantly, some of these cellular markers have been shown to possess functional roles that affect central aspects of CSC. Likewise, some of these markers can participate in regulating the interaction of CSC with their niche, particularly the ECM. We focused this review on the molecular mechanisms of surface cellular markers commonly employed to identify CSC, highlighting the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in CSC-ECM interactions, through each of the cellular markers commonly used in the study of CSC, such as CD44, CD133, CD49f, CD24, CXCR4, and LGR5. Their presence does not necessarily implicate them in CSC biology.
Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells: A Methodological Perspective
Authors: Velasco-Velázquez Marco A. , Velázquez-Quesada Inés , Vásquez-Bochm Luz X. , Pérez-Tapia Sonia M.
Published: July 2019

Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) constitute a subpopulation at the top of the tumor cell hierarchy that contributes to tumor heterogeneity and is uniquely capable of seeding new tumors. Because of their biological properties, CSCs have been pointed out as therapeutic targets for the development of new therapies against breast cancer. The identification of drugs that selectively target breast CSCs requires a clear understanding of their biological functions and the experimental methods to evaluate such hallmarks. Herein, we review the methods to study breast CSCs properties and discuss their value in the preclinical evaluation of CSC-targeting drugs.
Technology acceptance application model on internet banking service in BRI Bank Denpasar Indonesia
Authors: Melaning Ari , Giantari I.G.A.K.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to explain the effect of perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use, on attitude toward using, and behavioral intention of use at BRI banks Denpasar. The technique used to test the research hypothesis uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis techniques using SMARTPLS assistance, using IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The population in this study were all BRI Bank customers in Denpasar who used Internet Banking, the number of samples in this study was 150 respondents, who were taken using Purposive Sampling techniques. The results showed that (1) the attitude toward using had a positive and significant effect on the behavioral intention of use (2) perceived ease of use had a positive and significant effect on attitude toward using (3) perceived usefulness had a positive and significant effect on the behavioral intention of use. (4) perceived ease of use has a positive and significant effect on the behavioral intention of use (5) perceived usefulness has a positive and significant effect on attitude toward using. (6) attitude toward using can mediate the relationship between perceived usefulness to the behavioral intention of use. (7) the attitude toward using can mediate the relationship between perceived ease of use on the behavioral intention of use.
Influence of hydric solicitations on the morphological behavior of hemp concrete
Authors: Bennai Fares , El Hachem Chady , Abahri Kamilia , Belarbi Rafik
Published: July 2019

The use of bio-based materials such as hemp concrete in the field of construction allows limiting environmental impacts and improving the energy performances of buildings. The aim of this paper is to understand the influence of adsorption and desorption of moisture in hemp concrete on its internal morphology and its dimensional variations. That’s why, the high porosity and the adsorption capacity of hemp concrete were discussed. Then, an experimental cell was developed to follow the geometric evolution over time of hemp concrete microstructure under hydric solicitations: humidification and drying. The digital image correlation was used to determine the strains fields on the surface of the material. This technique showed the behavior of this hygroscopic material subjected to different hygrometries. Indeed, the hemp shiv undergoes larger strains than the binder, thus affecting the morphology of hemp concrete. The results obtained highlighted the influence of the hydric state of hemp concrete on its very heterogeneous microstructure. It has also been revealed that the durability of the material can be affected by the dimensional variations caused by the relative humidity variations.
Recommended practice for reporting experimental data produced from studies on corrosion of steel in cementitious systems
Authors: Isgor Burkan , Angst Ueli , Geiker Mette , Halmen Ceki , Hansson Carolyn , Pacheco Jose , Tepke David , Trejo David , Vaddey Pavan
Published: July 2019

Experience has shown that many aspects of experimental design for studying steel corrosion in cementitious systems may significantly influence the obtained results. In the absence of standardized methods to study steel corrosion in concrete, researchers usually define their own test setups, which partially explains the large scatter and uncertainty in the aggregated published data. When the details of these setups are not provided adequately, experimental results cannot be interpreted in a wider context. Unfortunately, many scientific publications lack important experimental details. Therefore, this paper aims at improving the quality of reported experimental details, observations, and data in scientific publications, and raising awareness for relevant issues to improve the quality of research in the field. To this end, this paper provides a list of experimental details that have been found important by many decades of research, and which are, thus, recommended to be considered in conducting and reporting laboratory studies involving corrosion of steel embedded in cementitious systems. Finally, we propose a checklist for reporting experimental data in scientific publications.
Evaluation of Frequency Characteristics Approximation Error at the Output of Fir-Filter Calculated by Parks-Mcclellan Algorithm
Authors: Vzduleva N. O. , Gitlin V. B.
Published: July 2019

Рассмотрен метод проектирования КИХ-фильтра высокого порядка, рассчитываемого алгоритмом Паркса – Макклеллана, построенного на использовании процедуры Ремеза. Показано, что причинами ограниченности  порядка фильтра являются ошибки описания полиномов Чебышева высокого порядка, возникающие при дискретном представлении полиномов. Предложено строить квазиоптимальные КИХ-фильтры высокого порядка в виде каскадного соединения КИХ-фильтров более низкого одинакового порядка, допускающих применение процедуры Паркса – Макклеллана. Амплитудная частотная характеристика результирующего фильтра определится как произведение амплитудных частотных характеристик отдельных каскадов, фазочастотная характеристика результирующего фильтра – как сумма фазо-частотных характеристик отдельных каскадов. Разделение проектируемого фильтра на каскады одинакового порядка позволяет обеспечить  оптимальность построения фильтра при сохранении линейности его фазочастотной характеристики. Получены оценки погрешностей аппроксимации для амплитудной частотной характеристики фильтра в случае его каскадной реализации. Показано, что методика проектирования фильтра, выполненного в виде каскадного соединения, упрощается по сравнению с проектированием фильтра высокого порядка и сводится к проектированию звена более низкого порядка. Соответственно, уменьшается объем памяти, отводимой для запоминания коэффициентов фильтра, и  снижается погрешность аппроксимации в полосе задерживания. К ограничениям предлагаемого каскадного построения квазиоптимальных КИХ-фильтров следует отнести рост погрешности аппроксимации в полосе пропускания пропорционально количеству каскадов.
“Inhibitor” Shooting Simulator: Functional Diagram of the Software
Authors: Egorov S. F.
Published: July 2019

Цикл статей подробно описывает программное обеспечение тактического тренажера оптико-электронного для стрелкового оружия «Ингибитор», разработанного в Институте механики УдмФИЦ УрО РАН и на кафедре «Вычислительная техника» ИжГТУ имени М. Т. Калашникова.Приводится тактико-техническое задание на разработку тренажера, анализируются требования как к аппаратной части тренажера (отдача не менее 50 % реальной, звуковое сопровождение не менее 60 % от реального, точность фиксации точки прицеливания не хуже 0,3 тысячных дальности, угол обзора мишенной обстановки не менее 60 градусов), так и к программному обеспечению.  Уделяется большое внимание требованиям к реалистичности отображения мишенной обстановки на проекционном экране тренажера с учетом климатических условий (время года, время суток, температура, ветер, давление, влажность, «атмосферный эффект», туман) и спецэффектам (огни и звуки выстрелов мишеней, разрывы гранат и звуки с задержками, сносимые дымы, подсветка ночью). Подчеркивается важность моделирования поддержки баллистики всех имитаторов оружия с учетом типов боеприпасов и климатических условий, в том числе в горах.  Необходима база упражнений из курса стрельб и база данных для хранения всех проведенных упражнений для анализа уровня подготовки. Исходя из требований приводятся структурная схема тренажера и функциональная схема программного обеспечения.Сделан вывод о перспективности дальнейших исследований и разработке электронных стрелковых тренажеров благодаря совершенствованию и удешевлению элементной базы и развитию программных библиотек спецэффектов с целью повышения точности тренажеров, расширения функциональных возможностей и снижения себестоимости, а значит, повышения конкурентоспособности.
Estimation of the Entropy of Long Code Words at the Output of a Neural Network Biometrics Converter in Spaces of Hamming Convolutions
Authors: Ivanov A. I. , Yunin A. P. , Boyarshinov M. A.
Published: July 2019

Работа построена на учете дискретного характера спектра состояний нейросетевого преобразователя биометрических данных в код длиной 256 бит. Вычислить энтропию кодов такой длины по Шеннону технически невозможно. Предложено от обычных кодов перейти в пространстве расстояний Хэмминга. В этом случае число выходных состояний свертывается и вычисления оказываются выполнимы на обычной вычислительной машине. Даются примеры спектров расстояния Хэмминга для идеального «белого» шума, вычисленные в резных системах счисления (в системах с резным модулем). С ростом  модуля, по которому вычисляется расстояние Хэмминга, быстро растет число учитываемых спектральных линий. Дана таблица значений амплитуд вероятности состояний простейшей хи-квадрат молекулы, настроенной на обработку сверток Хэмминга по модулю 2, 3, 4, …, 247. Приводится формула вычисления состояний двухуровневой молекулы Хэмминга, вычисляющей расстояния Хэмминга на двух уровнях. Проведением численных экспериментов доказывается, что предложенный алгоритм позволяет оценивать энтропию длинных кодов на малых выборках с привлечением обычных вычислительных машин. При этом преобразования для разных систем отсчета (для сверток Хэмминга, вычисленных по разному модулю) дополняют друг друга. Ошибки вычислений для сверток Хэмминга, вычисленных по разным модулям, оказываются не коррелированными. Это позволяет надеяться на то, что предложенный метод позволит достаточно точно оценивать близость кодов длиной 256 бит к идеальному «белому» шуму.Принципиально важным является то, что все свертки Хэмминга, независимо от системы счисления, в которой они вычислены, всегда позволяют логарифмически уменьшать число рассматриваемых состояний. Это в конечном итоге и позволяет упростить задачу и оценивать энтропию длинных кодов на обычной вычислительной машине с привлечением малых выборок в несколько сотен тестовых примеров.
Collection and Storage of Data on Small-Arms Testing by Web-Application
Authors: Vdovin A. Yu.
Published: July 2019

На предприятиях, осуществляющих баллистические испытания стрелкового оружия, применяются специализированные системы для оценки параметров стрелкового оружия и боеприпасов. При этом достаточно распространены проблемы, связанные с хранением данных о проведенных испытаниях и безопасной их передачей. В связи с этим для таких предприятий целесообразно внедрение централизованной системы хранения результатов испытаний с применением современных способов защиты данных.В статье сформулированы требования для разрабатываемой системы централизованного сбора и хранения данных о баллистических испытаниях. Для решения поставленной задачи обоснована необходимость разработки веб-приложения.Описана предложенная концепция централизованного хранения данных об испытаниях стрелкового оружия. Обоснованы принятые решения. Предложена конкретная структура базы данных.Созданное с использованием предложенных рекомендаций веб-приложение позволяет сохранять не только файлы с данными о конкретном испытании, но и уже обработанные результаты в виде протоколов испытаний стрелкового охотничьего и спортивного оружия. Предложенный вариант реализации приложения предоставляет возможность хранения данных об испытаниях стрелкового оружия в единой базе данных (БД) с четкой структурой, что позволяет оперативно получать доступ к необходимой информации при обеспечении высокого уровня защиты данных в соответствии с современными российскими стандартами шифрования.
The Model of Connection Establishment Environment in a Distributed System with Unreliable Physical Channels
Authors: Merkushev O. V. , Klimov I. Z.
Published: July 2019

Представлен метод прогнозируемой оценки надежности физических каналов и модель надежности среды установления соединения в распределенной системе передачи данных на примере системы радиосвязи в ДКМ-диапазоне частот. Из-за особенностей распространения сигналов, флуктуации параметров передающей среды, природных и искусственных явлений, наличия «зон молчания», сложной помеховой обстановки системы связи в ДКМ-диапазоне отличаются нестационарностью физических каналов и сложностью реализации информационного обмена. При взаимодействии узлов по типу «каждый с каждым» формируется распределенная система передачи данных с динамической многополюсной топологией. Доставка сообщений удаленным узлам выполняется средствами маршрутизации по основным и резервным маршрутам. Поэтому актуальными являются вопросы разработки методов формирования маршрутов доставки сообщений по критерию надежности, включающие в себя сбор и обработку статистических данных качества принимаемых сигналов; определение закономерностей изменения уровней помех и периодов их влияния; прогнозирование состояния физических каналов и адаптивное управление их использованием; формирование линий связи как систем обмена данными с надежностью, превышающей надежность физических каналов.Для решения задачи формирования линий связи определен метод оценки надежности физических каналов в условиях их нестационарности. В соответствии с принятыми методами доступа к физической среде на этапе установления соединения определен метод прогнозирования оценки надежности физических каналов на заданный период взаимодействия соседних узлов. В соответствии с принятой моделью управления физическими каналами разработан метод оценки надежности среды установления соединения соседних узлов.
On One Approach to Building An Information System for Processing Text Information Based on Semantic Groups
Authors: Mochenov S. V. , Akhmetgaleev R. R.
Published: July 2019

В статье рассматривается подход к анализу текста, основанный на построении и использовании  баз данных частей речи и других членов предложения. Соответствующие базы данных для русскоязычных текстов  формируются на основе экспертных оценок, получаемых в процессе  анализа текстовых массивов с предложениями различной сложности. Актуальность работы связана с проблемой автоматизации поиска и выделения полезной для пользователя информации, необходимой для решения конкретных задач. В процессе анализа формируются различные массивы индексов. Осуществляется: выделение различных сочетаний слов предложения, сравнение их с допустимыми комбинациями из базы данных (формирование смысловых групп), структуризация предложений и формирование иерархической системы смысловых групп. На примерах показаны развернутые результаты работы программного комплекса. При анализе основных частей предложения (темы и ремы) используется одинаковый набор функциональных модулей. Представленные результаты показали принципиальную возможность создания подобной информационной системы анализа текстовой информации на основе изложенного подхода. Разработанный программный комплекс при выделении СГ анализирует комбинации слов, а не отдельные предлоги, союзы и другие вспомогательные элементы предложений. За счет разделения на СГ с использованием экспертных баз данных обеспечивается более полное сохранение смысловой составляющей текста. В дальнейшем предполагается расширение сферы применения  программного комплекса  для  выделения полезной для пользователя информации, сокращения ее объема, уменьшения времени, затрачиваемого на поиск.
Vertical Sliding Spatial-Frequency Discrete Signal Processing
Authors: Ponomarev A. V.
Published: July 2019

Предложен метод вертикальной скользящей обработки двумерных дискретных сигналов в пространственно-частотной области – метод быстрого вертикально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Рассмотрено математическое представление двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье в алгебраической и матричной форме. На основе анализа свойств двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье рассмотрен метод двухэтапного его нахождения на базе одномерного быстрого преобразования Фурье. Предложен эффективный метод вертикально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Разработанный в рамках предложенного метода алгоритм позволяет вычислять коэффициенты (бины) данного преобразования в реальном масштабе времени. Проведена оценка эффективности алгоритма вертикально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье с точки зрения вычислительных затрат в сравнении с известными алгоритмами. Экспериментальные исследования, проведенные на модельных двумерных дискретных сигналах, показали обоснованность, эффективность и достоверность предложенного метода и алгоритма. Построены поверхности относительной экономии вычислений в разработанном алгоритме в сравнении со стандартным алгоритмом вертикально скользящей обработки двумерных дискретных сигналов.
Fast Method of Horizontal Sliding Spatial – Frequency Signal Processing
Authors: Ponomareva O. V. , Ponomarev A. V.
Published: July 2019

Предложены быстрые методы анализа двумерных дискретных сигналов в пространственно-частотной области – быстрый метод горизонтального скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Рассмотрен математический аппарат прямого двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье в алгебраической и матричной форме. Рассмотрена поэтапная реализация двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье на основе одномерного быстрого преобразования Фурье. Разработаны эффективные методы и алгоритмы горизонтально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье, которые позволяют вычислять коэффициенты данного преобразования в реальном масштабе времени. Оценена эффективность (с точки зрения вычислительных затрат) разработанных алгоритмов горизонтально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье в сравнении с известными алгоритмами. В результате экспериментальных исследований на модельных двумерных дискретных сигналах доказана обоснованность, эффективность и достоверность предложенных методов и алгоритмов горизонтально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Проведена оценка относительной экономии вычислений в разработанных быстрых алгоритмах горизонтального скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье в сравнении со стандартным алгоритмом.
Application of Expert System for Determining the Level of Psychological Suitability to Work at Risk-Oriented Positions
Authors: Yannikov I. M. , Telegina M. V. , Guschina D. A.
Published: July 2019

В последнее время в связи с развитием технологий возникает необходимость решения проблем, связанных с обеспечением безопасности человека во всех сферах его деятельности от опасных и вредных факторов. Это касается не только природной и техногенной составляющей, но и человеческого фактора, во многих случаях являющегося причиной возникновения самих чрезвычайных ситуаций, либо причиной увеличения масштабов их негативного воздействия. В сложившихся условиях грамотный отбор кандидатов на должности в системах, связанных с риск-ориентированной деятельностью, прежде всего в силовых структурах, имеет немаловажное значение. Существующие методы психологического тестирования, применяемые в данных структурах при отборе кандидатов на должности, достаточно громоздки, неоднородны, трудозатратны и не всегда ориентированы на конкретные профессии.В статье предлагается автоматизированная методика оценки психологической пригодности для работы на риск-ориентированных должностях, в частности в системе МЧС России. Выбранная экспертная система GrafExpert, в свое время разработанная для оценки экологической безопасности потенциально опасных объектов, обеспечивает легкое перепрофилирование за счет изменения критериев-вопросов, связей, весовых коэффициентов.В статье подробно описаны основные функции экспертной системы в режиме эксперта и в режиме пользователя. Описан процесс подбора и систематизации вопросов, установления взаимосвязей между вершинами графа, получения интервальных оценок, выводов и рекомендаций.
Review on Pharmaceutical Quality by Design (QbD)
Authors: Deepak Kumar Deepak , Ancheria Rahul , Shrivastava Saumya , Soni Shankar Lal , Sharma Mukesh
Published: July 2019

Pharmaceutical Quality by Design (QBD) is a systematic approach to development that begins with predetermined objectives and emphasizes the understanding of production and processes and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management. Quality purchasing design (QBD) is emerging to increase the promise of providing safe and effective medicines to customers and promises to improve the efficiency of product quality. Quality means eligibility for use. The quality of the medication means that the product provides therapeutic benefits to the label reproducible and free from contamination on the label. In vivo or in vitro performance test can be evaluated for drug production. Dinette by Quality guarantees the performance of the product in vitro and the performance of the in vitro product in the in vivo product. So the quality design is related to the product.
A Review on Theranostics: An Approach to Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Shrivastava Saumya , Jain Saloni , Kumar Deepak , Soni Shankar Lal , Sharma Mukesh
Published: July 2019

Emerging as a targeted, safe, and efficient pharmacotherapy is the approach of theranostics, which focuses on patient centered care. It is a combination of diagnosis and therapeutics. Theranostics is a new field of medicine which combines specific targeted therapy based on specific targeted diagnostic tests. With a key focus on patient centered care, theranostics provides a transition from conventional medicine to a contemporary personalized and precision medicine approach. The theranostics paradigm involves using nanoscience to unite diagnostic and therapeutic applications to form a single agent, allowing for diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment response monitoring. The theranostics medicine can achieve systemic circulation, evade host defenses and deliver the drug and diagnostic agents at the targeted site to diagnose and treat the disease at cellular and molecular level.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY : A REVIEW
Authors: Upadhyay Srishti , Shrivastava Saumya , Kumar Deepak , Kabra Atul , Baghel Uttam Singh
Published: July 2019

Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the use of drugs in a large number of people.It is a growing discipline that applies epidemiological techniques to study drugs used in a large population. Just as the term implies, pharmacoepidemiology combines clinical pharmacology with epidemiology. Pharmacology is the study of the effects of medications on humans; it pertains to using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of patients to predict the effect of drugs. Epidemiology, on the other hand, is the study of the factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of diseases in a population. In its broad concept, it encompasses drug utilization studies, and identification and quantification of adverse drug reactions (ADRs); its aim is to improve the quality and use of medicines. Drug utilization studies are known to involve the marketing, distribution, prescription, and use of drugs in a society with special emphasis on the medical, social, and economic consequences. The discipline, when not considered sufficiently, has a potential that could cause a high-level of increase in health expenses by creating conflict in the health systems of countries. In this study, it is aimed to define pharmacoepidemiology, to analyze its relation with other disciplines and to inform about pharmacoepidemiology usage areas.
Nanosized and Enhancement of Solubility Fisetin
Authors: Dzakwan Muhammad , Ganet Eko Pramukantoro , Rachmat Mauludin , Wikarsa Saleh
Published: July 2019

Fisetin (3,3,4,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural antioxidant that has shown to posses anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the poor solubility leads to poor bioavailability and limits its development.The aim of the research is to investigate the effect of fisetin nanosuspension using a nanoprecipitation technique and additional stabilizers polysorbat 80, SLS, PVA and Eudragit on particle size average, polydispersity index and zeta potential.The suspensions of microcrystalline FIS were prepared by a nanoprecipitation technique with different proportion of stabilizers fixed. The nanosuspension produced was then characterized using Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) in  term of particle size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential and morphology nanosuspensiom (TEM). Result showed fisetin nanosuspension were successfully prepared by anti-solvent precipitation with additional stabilizer SLS and polysorbat 80. The nanosuspension containing polysorbat 80 showed smaller average particle size of 225.7 nm ± 1.31, a polydispersity index of 0.272 ±0.02 and zeta potential -39.3 ± 0.26 was obtained. Conclusion, FIS nanosuspension successfully prepared by nanoprecipitation tecnique with the polysorbate 80 as stabilizer and ethanol as solvent were spherical in shape..
Protective Effects of Ruta Chalepensis L. (Rutacae) Oil Extract Against Potassium Bromate Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats: Histopathological Study
Authors: Eldurssi Ibrahim S. , MM Ebtesam , Gheth Gasem MA , Abdalla Abdullah AH , Algassi Mabroka A
Published: July 2019

Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) is a perennial herb, widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, with glabrous stem, alternate bipinnatisect leaves. It is an ancient medicinal plant still being used in the traditional medicine of many countries. Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a strong oxidizing agent that has been used in flour milling, as a cheese making, in beer malting, as a component of cold hair-wave liquids. This study studies the protective and curative effects of R. chalepensis oil extract against KBrO3 toxicity on kidney of male rats. Accordingly, a total number of fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as a control animals. The second group was administered Rue at an oral daily dose of 0.5 g/Animal for four weeks. The third group received KBrO3 100 mg/kg/b. w. for four weeks. The fourth group (protective group) was initially administered with Rue alone for 2 weeks and followed by KBrO3 in association with Rue for 2 weeks. The fifth group (therapeutic group) was first given KBrO3 alone for 2 weeks and was secondly administered Rue in association with KBrO3 for 2 weeks. At the end of 2nd  and 4th  weeks of treatment, the kidney tissues were collected for histopathological studies. Histopathological studies revealed that the renal reactions of rats from the Rue group showed normal architecture pattern same that observations as in the control rats. The rats treated with KBrO3 showed vacuolation and contraction of glomerular tuft, separation in intertubular connective tissue, necrotic changes in some areas and hyaline changes in tubules. Furthermore, lymphoid infiltration and intratubular hemorrhage, dilated in tubules with loss of cellular boundary. In the protective group minimal changes in the structure of the kidney was revealed compared to control. Both glomeruli and convoluted tubules gained the normal features. In therapeutic group, renal sections revealed improvement in the histological structure though there was a mild necrosis and slight in inflammatory leucocytic infiltration. The results of this study suggest the nephrotoxic effect of KBrO3 and the ameliorative effect of Rue when administrated for protective and therapeutic purposes.
A REVIEW ON EMULGELS-A NOVEL APPROACH FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Begum S. Gousia , Chetty C Madhusudan , Pavithra B , Akhila B. , Gayathri C. , Ruksar S. , Sravani T. , Voleti Vijay Kumar
Published: July 2019

Emulgels have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual release control system i.e. gel and emulsion. The major objective behind this formulation is delivery of hydrophobic drugs to systemic circulation via skin. A unique feature of topical drug delivery is the direct accessibility of the skin as a target organ for the diagnosis and treatment. When gel and emulsion are used in combined form the dosage form are referred as Emulgel. This may be proving better stability and release of drug than simply incorporating drugs into gel base. Other novel approaches like niosomes and liposomes are of nano size and due to vesicular structures may result in leakage and result in lesser entrapment efficiency. But gels due to vast network have comparatively better loading capacity.