bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Authoritarianism: Conceptual Foundations and a Model of Legitimation
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Yakovlev Mаksim V.
Published: January 2023

One of the important effects of digital transformation is the expansion of digi­tal authoritarianism, which causes a noticeable transformation at all levels (global, national, local) in different socio-political systems. The article defines the concept, philosophical foundations, and model of legitimation of digital and network authoritarianism. The author substantiates the thesis that intel­ligent technical systems in autocracies support, first of all, the inviolability of the regime on the basis of control over big data, exploitation of sado­masochistic tendencies in society, propaganda through new media and social networks, mechanisms of instrumental and pragmatic consent. Together, these tools create a specific interface of the digital world the emblems of which are passivity and fear, and the installation is a blind belief that what is happening is the norm. It is suggested that as a result of the expansion of authoritarianism in cyberspace, many citizens are forced to independently protect themselves and their property by digital means such as VPN technologies and “onion rout­ing” or using a Hidden Network (Darknet). The digital confrontation between ordinary users and the ruling class (for example, in the form of street protests organized through social networks and messengers) intensifies at the intersec­tion of virtual and material realities. Reflection on these phenomena allows us to give well-founded answers to the questions about the nature and direction of digital transformation in the sphere of state and law, to make reasonable forecasts, to help the public understand the grounds and methods of controlling influence by which the government is held, which programs the consciousness and behavior of citizens.
Demand for Global-Local Sustainable Development: The Ambivalence of the Latest Vulnerabilities
Authors:   MGIMO-University, Kravchenko Sergey A. , Rakova Kristina V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

The contours of the conception are proposed in the context of the global-local sustainable development, based on the postulate of the “axial contradiction” be­tween West and East (Eisenstadt, Arnason), in essence, the contradiction be­tween nonlinear and linear development trends prevailing in specific global and local civilizations, which immanently reproduces competing values, alternative projects and, accordingly, increasingly complex vulnerabilities that shape the essence of the global-local realities, the nature of the co-development of society, nature and climate, macro- and microcosms. In this regard, the authors justify the possibility of “sudden-events” of a humanistic nature, creating the prerequisites for a non-linear transition to the globo-local sustainable development, integrally including both global civilizational trends and the basic values of local cultures. The following conclusion is drawn: the first step toward the global-local sustain­able development must be the establishment of the interdisciplinary humanist-oriented knowledge, which integrally includes both the newest studies of the be­coming hybrid realities, and long-lived knowledge, which enduring functionality is based on the cultivation of spirituality, humanism, and human creativity.
Philosophical Aspects of Physics in the Works of W. Heisenberg: What Is Reality?
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Rybakova Irina A.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of “reality” in the philosoph­ical and scientific works of the theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg. It ana­lyzes the Heisenberg’s works on the philosophy of natural science, a significant part of which is devoted to quantum theory and its basic concepts. The author shows that Heisenberg’s thought was formed in parallel with the development of relevant problems among neo-Kantian philosophers (N. Hartmann, B. Nicolescu, etc.) throughout the 20th century. According to the author, many European re­searchers focus their attention on the scientific side of Heisenberg’s work, that is, on the analysis of his physical argumentation. The philosophical aspects of Heisenberg’s works are mostly studied by Russian philosophers of science. The intellectual vector of Heisenberg’s work was the idea of the need for a new philosophical thinking that goes beyond the scope of rational activity and re­quires a reconception of the gnoseological categories used as an instrument for the cognition of the reality. It relies on the phenomenological tradition, as well as on the arguments of J.W. von Goethe that theory cannot “capture” reality; it re­quires a synthesis of “trust in experience” and “intelligent observation” (discre­tion) to understand it. It is also demonstrated in the article the Heisenberg's atti­tude to the formation of the language of science and to the comparative studies of the philosophical systems of such thinkers as Plato, Democritus, Aristotle.
Perception of the Novel The Devils by F.M. Dostoevsky in Soviet Culture and Literary Criticism in the 1920s
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Puschaev Yuriy V.
Published: January 2023

The evolution of Soviet ideology and culture can be traced through the prism of perception of novel by F.M. Dostoevsky The Devils: each new stage of Soviet history corresponds to its own attitude to this most polemical and politicized novel by Dostoevsky. Similarly, the history of Soviet culture and ideology in the pre-war 1920s and 1930s – from relative pluralism (within Marxist limits and frameworks, of course) to the rigid and monologue Stalinist canon – can be traced by this criterion. In the 1920s, there was still a relatively free discussion of literary critics and historians regarding various aspects of this novel. In this sense, we can note the discussion between V.P. Polonsky and L.P. Grossman, statements about the novel by the first People’s Commissar of Education A.V. Lunacharsky and one of the founders of Soviet literary criticism V.F. Pere­verzev. The latter in the article Dostoevsky and the Revolution emphasizes the revolutionary component of Dostoevsky’s work, when he almost seems to be taken as an ally of the revolution. Moreover, this is done on a very controversial basis – on the material of his anti-revolutionary and anti-nihilistic novel The Devils. In this context, Pereverzev overestimates even the figure of Pyotr Verkhovensky, comprehending his image partly in a positive way. Also, Pere­verzev’s article Dostoevsky and the Revolution, among other things, is also inter­esting because it is one of the expressive examples of some general trend of the first post-revolutionary years, consisting in attempts to re-evaluate the im­age of S.G. Nechaev in a positive way as a true revolutionary and even the pre­decessor of the Bolsheviks.
On Philosophy Circles with Felix Mikhailov
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Lobastov Gennady V.
Published: January 2023

In the article, in the form of a co-reflection with Felix Mikhailov, two internally related problems are revealed: the beginning of human existence and the logical form as a condition for analyzing the beginning. Setting himself the task of re­vealing the nature of the logical beginning and thereby showing the nature of the creative process, Mikhailov is looking for answers in a wide space of sci­ence, in various philosophical concepts, in logical positivism, existentialism, and psychology. Here he is looking for the principles of logical thinking, it’s a priori forms and apodictic character. Reflecting on these searches, the author of the ar­ticle critically analyzes the methodological dead ends that arise here. In particu­lar, Mikhailov’s idea of the initial beginning of the construction of cultural and historical human existence – the so-called “concept of conversion” – has no ade­quate theoretical justification, the argumentation is based on existential and psy­chological content rather than on a logical form. The author of the article actua­lizes and analyzes these problems, wishing to show the productivity of appealing to the work of a prominent Russian philosopher who awakened a wide range of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical issues.
Philosophy and Cognitive Science: Dialogue Options
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vasilyev Vadim V.
Published: January 2023

This paper is about the question of the possibility, prospects and forms of dia­logue between philosophy and cognitive science, raised in a recent publication by V.A. Lektorsky. Several variants of their dialogue are discussed. Thus, philo­sophy can claim to be a kind of mediator in the interaction of the disciplines that make up cognitive science. It can also act as an interpreter of the experimental results obtained in these disciplines. Another variant of the dialogue involves the promotion of philosophers to the vanguard of experimental research, where they can point and illuminate the way for cognitive scientists. A full-fledged dialogue implies equality of the parties, and the article argues that such equality in the dia­logue between philosophy and cognitive science is possible only if cognitive sci­ence and philosophy can obtain meaningful results independently of each other. Therefore, the key to the success of the dialogue between philosophy and cogni­tive science lies, paradoxically, in the success of armchair philosophy, indepen­dent from experimental research. Author shows also under which conditions an armchair philosophy could overcome the current obstacles and make a success.
Digitalization of Education: Students’ Perception of Distance Learning and Risks
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Titarenko Larissa G.
Published: January 2023

An important component of the interdisciplinary discussion of the technological transformation of society is the digitalization of university students learning, which has accelerated during the pandemic and caused a variety of assessments due to the numerous problems of its implementation. So far, there has not been a consensus on the relationship between distance learning opportunities and the associated socio-humanitarian risks that affect the identity and world outlook of modern students – generation of digital natives. The article deals with the stu­dents perception of the pros and cons of digital technologies, awareness of the impact of new technical means on an individual student and society as a whole. The analysis is carried out through methodological reflection of the so­ciological data of student surveys conducted in Belarus in 2021–2022. This anal­ysis revealed the different cognitive potential of using the online survey and free interview methods: in the second case, students could comment on the ques­tions themselves, while when using the online survey, in case of difficulties, stu­dents simply preferred not to answer. The identified trends raise the question of finding new methods of working with students that will allow them to be aware of the problems of digitalization.
“Cartesian Platonism” by Henry More and His Correspondence with Rene Descartes (1648–1649)
Authors:   Sociological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Golik Nadezhda V. , Tsyb Alexey V. ,   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University,   Sociological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the article is to study the problem of Descartes’ early influence on the English philosophy of the 17th century. Henry More (1614–1687), a young Cambridge lecturer proved to become later the recognized head of the Cambridge Platonic School. He began teaching R. Descartes’ mechanical philos­ophy at Christ’s College in the mid 40s, and his views appeared to be among the earliest sources of the Cartesians’ spread in Britain. At this time, the main importance for clarifying the nature of More’s “Cartesianism” was his exchange of letters with Descartes. Unfortunately, the letters of the English philosopher are only partially known in Russian studies. The article introduces the reader to the historical circumstances of the formation of the Cambridge School and its scientific “Constellations”, the early evolution of H. More’s worldview towards Cartesianism and the emergence of contradictions, which More calls “difficulties in reading Descartes”. In this article, we examine the first of More’s letters to Descartes from a new angle, namely, in connection with More’s own theology of the late 40s – early 50s of the 17th century. The results of the study show the key idea of H. More’s philosophy that is an attempt to synthesize classical Neoplatonism and the philosophy of Descartes.
From the H. More and R. Descartes Correspondence (1648–1649). More, Henry, The First Letter from H. More to R. Descartes. Scholia to the First Letter, Translated from Latin, Notes and Comments by O.Yu. Bakhvalova & A.V. Tsyb
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Bakhvalova Olga Yu. ,   Sociological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tsyb Alexey V. ,   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University,   Sociological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

The publication presents the first letter of the Cambridge School leader Henry More (1614–1687) to Rene Descartes (1596–1650), opening their short-term correspondence, which took place at the end of 1648–1649 and was interrupted due to the unexpected death of the French thinker in Sweden. The corres­pondence discusses the most important problems of physics and philosophy of the 17th century: the extension of substance, the main and secondary proper­ties of substances, the understanding of space, emptiness and atoms, the limits of the divisibility of matter, the infinity of God and the world, and, finally, the recognition of the animateness of animals and the immortality of the soul. In this discussion, H. More starts from the Neoplatonic theory of the origin and the de­velopment of the world, which is based on the principle of emanation. Starting from this theophysical idea, More tries to adapt Descartes’ doctrine of two sub­stances. The translation was made from the Latin original of the classical edi­tions of C. Clerselier [Clerselier 1657] and C. Adam and P. Tannery [AT V]. H. More’s letter is translated into Russian and published for the first time. All four letters of the English participant in the correspondence are planned for pub­lication.
Rammohun Roy and Pyotr Tchaadaev: Philosophers at the Crossroads of Western and Eastern Cultures
Authors:   Penza State University, Skorokhodova Tatiana G.
Published: January 2023

Indian Rammohun Roy and Russian Pyotr Tchaadaev are juxtaposed as cross-cultural philosophers in Modern social thought. Being at the crossroads of the West and the East cultures in their countries, they have demonstrated the special resemblance in their worldviews and paradigm of thinking. Based on compara­tive analysis of philosophers’ existential circumstances and texts, the author de­scribes them as ‘problematic thinkers’ (M. Buber) who destruct quietness in their societies, form the problematic field of social thought and philosophy in the epoch of modernization, and create grounds for the self-understanding by Indian and Russian societies. The conventional description of paradigm of thinking by Ram­mohun Roy and Pyotr Tchaadaev is presented in the article. The universalistic approach is laid down in the paradigm ground; it permit to search for a unity and universality in diversity of natural and human worlds. The unity discovers through relation of their own social reality with the Other one (this role plays the West). Problems are raised and resolved in special trajectory “understanding of the Otner – thinking on their Own – a creation of some project of Eastern – Western synthesis”. Owing to the paradigm as well as the raised themes R. Roy and P. Tchaadaev have created the epochs in the history of thought and culture in India and Russia respectively.
Imyaslav Disputes in the Formation of Russian Metaphysics: V.F. Ern and A.F. Losev
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Filippov Andrei Yu.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the influence exerted by the imyaslav disputes on the formation of Russian religious metaphysics. The declared theme is considered on the example of philosophical projects of two authors: V.F. Ern and A.F. Losev. The attitude of these thinkers to the controversy around the Name of God is placed in the context of the development of their philosophical views. Parallels are traced between the metaphysical projects of Ern and Losev, considered as a part of a long process of development of Russian religious thought. The ques­tion of the deep kinship of the key aspect of the imyaslav disputes with the main problems of Russian philosophy is touched upon, which, according to the au­thor’s hypothesis, made this initially purely theological controversy such an im­portant event for the intellectual biography of a number of Russian thinkers. We are talking about the problem of the possibility of experiential knowledge of God, which has traditionally occupied an important place in Russian ontol­ogy and epistemology and has become the subject of theological discussion in the context of imyaslav movement. Ern and Losev develop their projects in this traditional way, inheriting the Slavophiles (primarily I.V. Kireevsky), Vl.S. Solovyov and S.N. Trubetskoy. At the same time, they accepted the prob­lematics of imyaslav movement, in which they saw the embodiment of “ecclesi­astical Platonism”, opposed to “ecclesiastical Kantianism”, thus including it in the discussion of key philosophical issues. The article touches upon the prob­lem of numerous parallels between the works of Ern and Losev and the possible influence of the first on the second one. Based on Losev’s early works, the au­thor seeks to trace his way to the formation of a large-scale metaphysical synthe­sis in later works.
Ontology of Musical Meaning
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kosilova Elena V.
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the study of the phenomenon of musical meaning. What does it mean to understand music? It means to grasp some musical meaning. This meaning is purely musical. The article provides a rationale for the fact that music is not a language. Language is “transparent”: in communication, its prop­erties do not attract special attention. Music draws attention to itself. It does not describe emotions, but directly evokes them. Its conventionality is negligible. The article gives examples of musical works performed in different ways, differ­ently arranged, differently interpreted, translated from one key to another, and everywhere the question is raised, what is the musical meaning of the work. The answer is proposed: it consists in the drawing of a motif, conveying a se­quence of intervals and rhythm. A freer musical idea, which consists in a certain structure of a sequence of intervals is also considered. Based on these considera­tions, the question is raised, what is the nature of musical meaning. Music is cer­tainly an intentional subject. At the same time, the musical meaning has an ideal character, similar to the character of mathematics and logic. Actually, to under­stand the musical motive means to understand the “logic” of its development. R. Ingarden believes that a musical piece is not ideal, because it appears at a cer­tain moment. I point out that mathematical entities are also discovered at a cer­tain point in history, but they are ideal. A connection is being made with the “world three” of K. Popper. The concept of inner music is proposed. Thus, musi­cal meaning is both intentional, personal, and ideal, common to all people.
Dawkins, Morality, and Religion Part I. Evolution of Altruism
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Karabykov Anton V.
Published: January 2023

Richard Dawkins is more than a biologist and science communicator. He is a guiding light, whose books are designed to spread the scientific naturalistic world­view as the only and absolutely true one. It is especially evident in his later militant-atheistic works, little related to science as such which have a philosophical and ideo­logical pathos. The purpose of the article is to give a critical analysis of the moral ar­gument that Dawkins develops in those works, substantiating the fundamental areli­giosity of morality and the amorality of religion. One of the lines of argument concerning the evolution of morality and, in particular, the origin of altruism is consid­ered in detail. In order to understand better the contradictions found in it, the dynamics of the British intellectual’s views on these problems is traced in the context of sociobi­ological ideas and theories of the past half century. It is proved that in the sphere of evolutionary studies there is a more consistent and promising approach to the explo­ration of relationship between morality and religion than that proposed by Dawkins.
Correlation Between “Ought” and “Can”: Moral Aspects of the Choice of Religious Person
Authors:   Middle-Volga Institute (branch) of Russian State University of Justice, Koval Ekaterina A.
Published: January 2023

Paradoxically, the choice of a variant of behavior, as well as the norm that should be fol­lowed in a particular case, is the more difficult, the more variations of normative prescrip­tions a person has. This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the moral aspects of choos­ing by a religious person in problematic life situations (moral choice of an Orthodox Chris­tian belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church is used as an example). In particular, the situation associated with such an ambiguous phenomenon as divorce is considered. A re­ligious person in such a situation is presented with norms that contain a different amount of requirements. Canons prohibit divorce (there is only one exception – the betrayal of one of the spouses). Norms formulated by modern church authorities prohibit divorce, but allow it in the presence of one of eleven reasons. A complex dilemma arises when choosing between the canons and the new norms. If such a choice is made by a competent cleric (bishop, clergyman), the principles of oikonomia (indulgence) or akribeia (literal adherence to the canon) are used. If a layman makes a choice in a particular life situation, in order to formulate a moral assessment or self-assessment adequate to the case, one of two formula­tions of a well-known moral principle can be useful: a normative formulation “ought implies can”, that expands responsibility, or a formulation “without ‘can’ there is no ‘ought’”. The latter wording serves as the basis for limiting liability for the choice.
Lektorsky on dialectical materialism and enactivism
Authors: Rockmore T.
Published: January 2023

The article analyses V.A. Lektorsky’s views on the debate on constructivism and realism. On the one hand, it considers the history of development of constructivism and realism as philosophical positions embedded in the evolution of European philosophical tradition. On the other hand, the changes in V.A. Lectorsky’s views on constructivism and realism are traced from dialectical materialism to post-Marxist variant of realism. The latter is built on the basis of analysis of cognitive science and recognition of limitations of the so-called computational model of cognition, as well as on the explication of epistemological consequences of enactivism, a concept emphasizing significance that the physical body of a knowing subject actively inscribed in the cognizing environment, i.e. interacting with it, has for cognitive processes. The article discusses the two distinguished stages in Lectorsky’s work on epistemological realism, reconstructs its genesis, discusses and evaluate the arguments that Lectorsky presents in support of his conception so-called “constructive” or “activity” realism.
The scientist’s dignity as a path to the truth
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chertkova E.L.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the 90th anniversary of Academy member Vladislav Alexandrovich Lectorsky, his scientific views and personal qualities. On the basis of acquaintance with his works and many years of personal communication, an attempt is made to comprehend the reasons and conditions for the fruitful life in science, which allowed him to become a universally recognized classic of Russian philosophy during his lifetime and a recognized worldwide authority in the field of epistemology and philosophy of science. The mechanism of interaction of scientific inclinations and interests with personal inclinations and ethical principles of a scientist, which determined the choice of life path and direction of scientific research, is considered. There is a tendency to expand the scope of research from special problems of the theory of knowledge to generalizing concepts of philosophical epistemology, philosophy of consciousness, philosophical anthropology, encompassing cognition, man and culture in a holistic worldview system. There is a pronounced social orientation of epistemological research. The way of formation of a scientist’s personality and his civic position in the process of solving research tasks is shown – from the analysis of cognition as an end in itself to the application of the concepts and principles developed in this process to the philosophical understanding of a person, his place and destiny in a modern transforming society, the protection of rationality and humanism as values of civilization. The talent of V.A. Lektorsky as an organizer of science, who worked for a long time as the head of the theory of knowledge department and editor-in-chief of the journal “Voprosy filosofii”, the current professor and dean of the Faculty of Philosophy of GAUGN and editor-in-chief of the journal “Philosophy of Science and Technology” is noted. It is shown how the theoretical concepts of tolerance, critical thinking, and humanism developed by him are at the same time practical principles of his own life. This is the sign of a real philosopher, not just a researcher in the field of philosophy.
From the book “Social change, with respect to culture and original nature”. Part IV. Social Maladjustment
Authors: Ogburn W.F. ,   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

This text is a Russian translation of two chapters of the fourth part of the book “Social Change, with Respect to Culture and Original Nature” by American sociologist William Ogborn, the first edition of which was published in 1922. These parts outline the main points of the cultural lag hypothesis, according to which changes in material culture arose adaptation of a certain part of non-material culture and this adaptation takes some time, forming a lag of one or another duration. The hypothesis of cultural lag became a methodological guideline for Ogborne’s later studies, and also served as a starting point for discussions about mutual influence of technical and social progress and a determining role of the factors of material and non-material culture. The translation was made by V.G. Nikolaev.
The special path of Russia: myth or reality?
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shevchenko Vladimir N.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of discussions on the issue of a “special path” of Rus­sia’s development, which have recently become more and more acute. The arguments of the opponents of Russia’s “special path” are considered. They insist on the universal nature of the modernization process, in other words, the transformation of a traditional (agrarian) society into a modern one as a result of the bourgeois revolution, i.e. into a lib­eral-democratic society or into a modern society. Supporters of the “special path” point to the asymmetric nature of the centuries-old relations between Russia lagging behind in its development and the more developed West, which forces Russia at a certain point in time to abandon the idea of ​​catching up development and start searching for its own, alternative and in this sense, “special path” of transforming Russia into modern society. The article attempts to overcome the ideologically charged dispute around the “special path” by updating the methodology of the study of Russian history, in particular, a deeper consideration of the causes and consequences of the uneven development of European countries, including Russia, based on the application of the world-systems approach. The author shows that the idea of ​​a special way for Russia appears as an anti-liberal re­sponse to the challenges of Western capitalism in the context of its rapid development. For the first time this problem, precisely as the problem of choosing a new political vec­tor, arises explicitly with the coming to power of Nicholas I, when Russia could become a new center of power, a center of a different, but also capitalist development. But it would be a different model – the model of state capitalism, in which the purposeful con­struction of the economy is put at the service of the state, contributes to the realization of its national interests, which Bismarck’s Germany subsequently demonstrated on its special path. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the special ways of development of Germany and Russia in the XIX–XX centuries is given, the similarity of the initial po­sitions and the opposite of the results obtained are demonstrated.
Altaian Ethnicity, Siberian Regionalism and the Formation of Soviet Oirot Autonomy
Authors:   The University of Memphis, Znamenski Andrei A. , Tukhteneva Svetlana P. ,   ndependent researcher
Published: January 2023

This paper analyzes the emergence of ethnicity and nationalism among the indigenous people of the Altai Mountains in the late imperial and the early Soviet period. It is argued that the emergence of ethnic self-awareness of Altai people and the growth of nationalism among them originated from the following sources. First, it was the activities of Siberian regionalists (oblastniki) who heavily contributed to the formation of the indigenous Altai intelligentsia; the latter became the spearhead of the ethnic awareness among the Alta­ians. The second factor was the prophetic movement White Faith (Burkhanism), which arose among the native grassroots in response to the civilizational challenge – the ad­vance of non-indigenous peasant settlers onto the Altaian lands in the late imperial pe­riod. Third, the disintegration and eventual collapse of the Russian empire in 1917 along with the emergence of the Soviet state, whose nationalities policy was based on the prin­ciple of a national-territorial autonomy, created a fertile ground for various utopian projects that focused on the creation of supranational “Oirot” autonomy that was ex­pected to match the borders of historical Dzungaria. The Bolshevik authorities eventually rejected that project, limiting the newly created Oirot Autonomous Province (1922) by the borders of the Mountain Altai.
From Philosophy over cultures towards Intercultural philosophy? (Reflection on “Intercultural philosophy: origins, methodology, problematics, prospects” by M.T. Stepanyants)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Reznik Yuriy M.
Published: January 2023

The article presents a review of the book by M.T. Stepanyants “Intercultural Philosophy: origins, methodology, problems, prospects” [1]. It discusses the problems of intercultural philosophy, i.e. its status, principles and rules, as well as the possibilities of intercultural cognition, including the criteria of environmental friendliness and fairness. Intercultural­ity is considered as an alternative to the policy of multiculturalism and cultural universal­ism with its Western-centrist logic. And the intercultural approach is analyzed as a new cartography of philosophy. At the same time, the author makes a number of assumptions about countering Western dominance in Russian philosophy and the need to strengthen its ideological sovereignty.
Development of Augmented Reality in Islamic Religious Education as an Anti-Corruption Learning Medium
Authors: Chamami M. Rikza , Nasikhin Nasikhin , Saefudin Ahmad
Published: January 2023

This study aims to develop and determine the impact of using augmented reality as an anti-corruption educational medium based on the development of Islamic educational materials. The data processing used to research and development methods ADDIE model using a validity test and measurements of N-Gain scores. Three junior high schools with different environmental characteristics participated in the study. The findings first indicate that the development of augmented reality for the field of anti-corruption education can be adapted to the essential competencies of Islamic Religious Education subjects with the themes of honesty, trustworthiness, and istiqomah. Second, there was an increase in the cognitive domain, as indicated by the anti-corruption education values for SMP N 02 Bawang students by 79.5%; SMP N 01 Subah students by 79%; and SMP N 01 Batang students by 80.44%. On the N-Gain scale, all three achievements are considered effective. This research has implications for demonstrating that the application of augmented reality can effectively improve cognitive ability in anti-corruption education based on the development of Islamic educational materials. We recommend that these findings be used as a basis for determining anti-corruption education policies in Indonesia
Using Multi-Grade Teaching in Strengthening Students' Character Post-FTF Learning
Authors: Wasehudin Wasehudin , Wathoni Kharisul , Hassan Razali Bin , Anshori Irfan , Faisal Akbar Muhammad
Published: January 2023

This research aims to learn multigrade teaching techniques to strengthen students' character values. Research methods include descriptive research through a qualitative approach. Researchers collect data through interviews, observation, and documentation. Qualitative data analysis is the collection, simplification, presentation of data, and conclusion. The results of this study describe that multi-grade teaching is closely related to strengthening the character values of post-face-to-face learning students. The process includes combining several grade levels with a maximum number of 25 students and then being given material by one teacher who emphasizes the learning process for students. The technique provides opportunities for students to improve the character values they have obtained. This technique encourages students to grow in learning effectively and efficiently and strengthens the character of students after the last 2 years, and students rarely meet with teachers. Some of the values obtained through multi-grade teaching: are independence, ethics, and cohesiveness.
Building Academic-Religious Culture Based on Religious Moderation
Authors: Chotimah Chusnul , Tanzeh Ahmad , Siddiq Syahril
Published: January 2023

Academic culture is a norm of thought, attitude, and behavior that becomes a reference for all university academics. Islamic Religious Colleges through Ma'had al-Jami'ah serve as gatekeepers of tafaquh fi al-din in the smiling Islam. It maintains the pillars of character building, moderation, tolerance, local wisdom, anti-violence, and commitment to the nation. It is not the exclusivism of Islam, even the extremist. Building an academic-religious culture based on religious moderation is essential to prevent extremism by strengthening religious practices based on the essence of religious teachings. Through this qualitative method, this paper explores data related to the pattern of religious-academic development based on religious moderation, forms of supporting activities for academic-religious culture, and the contribution of Ma'had al-Jami'ah in building an academic-religious culture based on religious moderation. This paper contributes to an academic-religious development model based on religious moderation in higher education. Budaya akademik merupakan norma pemikiran, sikap, dan perilaku yang menjadi acuan bagi seluruh sivitas akademika perguruan tinggi. Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam melalui Ma'had al-Jami'ah berfungsi sebagai penjaga gerbang tafaquh fi al-din dalam konteks Islam yang ramah (the smilling Islam), mempertahankan pilar pembentukan karakter, moderat, menekankan aspek toleransi, kearifan lokal, anti-kekerasan, dan komitmen terhadap bangsa, bukan sebaliknya, Islam yang eksklusif bahkan cenderung ekstrim. Tulisan ini menggali data terkait pola pengembangan akademik keagamaan berbasis moderasi keagamaan, bentuk-bentuk kegiatan pendukung budaya akademik keagamaan, dan kontribusi Ma'had al-Jami'ah dalam membangun budaya akademik keagamaanberdasarkan moderasi agama. Tulisan ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Tulisan ini berkontribusi pada model pengembangan akademik-keagamaan berbasis moderasi beragama di perguruan tinggi. Hal Membangun budaya akademik-keagamaan berbasis moderasi beragama penting untuk mencegah ekstremisme dengan memperkuat praktik keagamaan berdasarkan esensi ajaran agama.
The Educational Evaluation of Tahfizul Quran Program in Boarding School: Stake Model Perspective
Authors: Sholehuddin M Sugeng , Muhammad Sayid Wael Ali , Amin Abdul Basit , Aini Rofiqotul , Mucharomah Miftah
Published: January 2023

This research aims to analyze the education evaluation of the Tahfizul Quran program's planning, implementation, and evaluation using the Stake model perspective in MBS Al-Hidayah Wonopringgo Pekalongan. This study also aims to analyze the obstacles in implementing the program. This research will provide academic contributions to evaluating the Tahfizul Quran program, especially in the MBS Al-Hidayah Wonopringgo Pekalongan. This qualitative study used a field research approach. The data were collected using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. They were analyzed using the Stake model, including contingency and congruence. The results of this research were (1) the planning evaluation of the program was well prepared; (2) The implementation of program evaluation according to the stage of the Stake model: inputs (antecedent), form asatiż/asatiżah met the criteria of the Tahfiẓul Quran graduate school and boarding school. In contrast, the criteria of a graduate’s Bachelor had not been fulfilled. The santri have not fully fulfilled the criteria to read the Qur'an. Aspects of the curriculum already meet the criteria of the Tahfiẓul Quran program but lack the allocation of study time. The process of learning (transaction) was implemented according to the plan. The result of learning outcomes reached the target of each class. (3) Evaluation of the program was conducted routinely at the end of the semester.
The Hermeneutics of Husein Muhammad and Nasaruddin Umar As A Reformulation of the Problems on The Surah An-Nisa in Indonesia
Authors: Zakaria Muhamad Irfan , Hasan Ubaidillah , Marpuah Siti
Published: January 2023

The unresolved gender problem is caused by a less critical interpretation. This article aims to find gender relations based on the thoughts of Husein Muhammad and Nasaruddin Umar. This study used a comparative method and a qualitative approach with three formulations of the problem; First, what are the views of Husein Muhammad and Nasaruddin Umar toward women? Second, what are the thoughts of the two figures toward the verse on the creation of women, women's social roles, and polygamy? Third, how is the actualization of the character's thoughts on women in Indonesia? This study found that women are human beings who are equal and balanced with men through their rights and obligations as human beings. On the other hand, the differences between men and women are biologically non-exchangeable, but these differences are not discriminatory, but a way to partner with each other, work together and complement each other in goodness. The most striking thing in the comparison of interpretations was in the concept of understanding the verse, and both of them make a classification and contextual theory to understand the gender verses. The significance of Husein Muhammad and Nasaruddin Umar's thoughts can be seen in the results of their interpretations that are friendly to women and gender so that they can form knowledge of gender interpretation and civilization that is more precise and equal.
Anti-Hadith Discourse and The Post-Secularism Turn: Rethinking Nazwar Syamsu and Minardi Mursyid and their Followers on Digital Platform
Authors: Ahmadi Rizqa , Hefni Wildani
Published: January 2023

The Indonesian Anti-Hadith Group (AHG) thought has never been extinguished. No matter how big the public’s rejection of their ideas, that’s how significant their resistance is. This article aims to reveal the Anti Hadith discourse, especially in post-secularism, which is considered momentum for religious openness. Through the virtual ethnography method, this article argues that in the post-secular era, the activities of AHG followers are increasingly dynamic. They build the network, revive and publish the founders’ thoughts, and appeal to followers through digital platforms. Post-secularism, which is marked by the decline of the privatization of religion in the public sphere, opens up opportunities for Islamic discourses, including the Anti-hadith discourse. The implication, on the one hand, is that religion is no longer a matter of privacy that is separated from the public sphere. On the other hand, the current Anti-Hadith thought potentially challenges the sources of Islamic law. This fact becomes a paradox that post-secularism is usually characterized by religious desire. Still, on the contrary, the presence of AHG stimulated controversies in the mid of Indonesian Muslim communities.
PERSPEKTIF SIYASAH SYAR’IYYAH TERHADAP RELEVANSI KAIDAH FIKIH DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH
Authors: Susanti Tria Ima
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The government will always be faced with situations and conditions where it must determine attitudes or make policies to overcome all problems in the life of the nation and state. The policies issued often lead to pros and cons, and it is not uncommon for people's rejection to be more visible than their acceptance. This is because the majority of the people are not the main group and the first to get points from the benefits of these policies. Whereas in the perspective of Siyasah Syar'iyyah the legitimacy of government policies is based on the benefit of the community. This research is a library research with descriptive analysis approach of the relevance of the rules of fiqh as a foothold in the Siyasah Syar'iyyah to be used as part of the government's policy-making method. The results of the study show that the fiqh rules are very relevant to use because they place the people as the first and foremost group whose interests must be protected, and more importantly to get the value of benefit.  Abstrak: Pemerintah akan selalu dihadapkan pada situasi dan kondisi dimana ia harus menentukan sikap atau membuat kebijakan untuk mengatasi segala problema kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Kebijakan yang dikeluarkan tidak jarang menimbulkan pro dan kontra, bahkan tidak jarang penolakan masyarakat lebih terlihat daripada penerimaanya. Hal tersebut dikarenakan bahwa mayoritas masyarakat tidak menjadi kelompok utama dan pertama yang akan mendapatkan poin-poin dari kemaslahatan kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut. Padahal dalam perspektif Siyasah Syar’iyyah legitimasi kebijakan pemerintah adalah berdasar pada kemaslahatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bersifat library research dengan pemaparan yang bersifat analisis deskriptif terhadap relevansi kaidah-kaidah fikih sebagai pijakan dalam Siyasah Syar’iyyah untuk digunakan sebagai bagian dari metode pengambilan kebijakan pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kaidah fikih sangat relevan untuk digunakan karena menempatkan rakyat sebagai kelompok pertama dan utama yang harus dilindungi kepentingannya, dan yang lebih utama untuk mendapatkan nilai kemanfaatan.
CONCRETE REPRESENTATIONAL ABSTRACT APPROACH TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS ON HEAT MATERIAL
Authors: Malik Adam , El Rachman Rifelda Fanka , Kuntadi Dedi
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to determine the implementation of physics learning with the Concrete Representational Abstract (CRA) approach on the heated material and the improvement of students' problem-solving skills using the CRA approach on the heated material after learning. The population of this research is all class VII in one Madrasah Tsanawiyah in the Majalengka district. the research sample is class VII-B with 20 students. The sample used a simple random sampling determination technique. The research method used is a pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design. The data on the results of the implementation of learning with the CRA approach were obtained using an observation sheet, while the data for improving the problem-solving skill was obtained through an essay test of five questions. The study results for three meetings showed that the activities of teachers and students using the CRA approach had increased, with an average teacher activity of 81.37% in the excellent category and student activities of 77.15% in the excellent category. There is an increase in the student's KPM on heat material with an average N-Gain value of 0.71, which is in the high category. The normality test results showed that the pretest and posttest data were normally distributed, so the t-test was used to test the hypothesis. The results obtained are tcount (25.58) > ttable (1.73), which means Ho is rejected, and Ha is accepted. Thus, the student's problem-solving skill increases using the CRA approach to the heated material.
Halal and Haram in The Clothing Industry
Authors: Mahmudah Siti Nur , Ridwan Mohammad , Ulya Husna Ni'matul
Published: January 2023

The development of the industry is entering a new phase, namely the development of the halal industry, one of which is the halal clothing industry. According to the Global Islamic Economy Report 2017/2018, with the largest Muslim-majority population in the world, Indonesia is still inferior to neighboring countries such as Malaysia, which has started to develop the halal clothing industry. So an indicator of halal clothing is needed to compete with the country and stay on the halal path. This research uses data from a literature study which is then analyzed by analytical descriptive analysis. The results of this study found indicators that regulate halal clothing, namely: a) ensuring that the raw materials used are halal raw materials, b) the production process should not be mixed with haram goods, c) after the production process is complete if there is a product storage period must be stored in a separate place with goods that are haram or unclean, d) the distribution of production must be based on the principles of benefit and justice.