bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Aboriginal child’s mind: assimilation and cross-cultural psychology in Australia
Authors: Robertson David
Published: June 2018

This article examines two psychological interventions with Australian Aboriginal children in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The first involved evaluating the cognitive maturation of Aboriginal adolescents using a series of Piagetian interviews. The second, a more extensive educational intervention, used a variety of quantitative tests to measure and intervene in the intellectual performance of Aboriginal preschoolers. In both of these interventions the viability of the psychological instruments in the cross-cultural encounter created ongoing ambiguity as to the value of the research outcomes. Ultimately, the resolution of this ambiguity in favour of notions of Aboriginal ‘cultural deprivation’ reflected the broader political context of debates over Aboriginal self-governance during this period.
Detecting latent exposure in genome-wide association studies using a breakpoint model for logistic regression
Authors: Alarcon Flora , Nuel Gregory
Published: June 2018

Detecting gene-environment (G × E) interactions in the context of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is a challenging problem since standard methods generally present a lack of power. An additional difficulty arises from the fact that the causal exposure is seldom observed and only a proxy of this exposure is observed. This leads to an additional drop in terms of power and it explains the failure of standard methods in detecting interactions, even very strong ones. In this article, we consider the latent exposure as a source of heterogeneity and we propose a new powerful method, named “Breakpoint Model for Logistic Regression” (BMLR), based on a breakpoint model, in order to detect G × E interactions when causal exposure is unobserved. First, the BMLR method is compared to the ordered-subset analysis for case-control method, which has been developed for the same purpose, through simulations. This highlights the ability of BMLR to detect the heterogeneity, and therefore, to detect interaction with latent exposure. Finally, the BMLR method is compared to standard methods, such as Plink, to perform a GWAS on a published realistic benchmark.
Statistical analysis of Goal Attainment Scaling endpoints in randomised trials
Authors: Urach S , Gaasterland CMW , Posch M , Jilma B , Roes K , Rosenkranz G , Van der Lee JH , Ristl R
Published: June 2018

Goal Attainment Scaling is an assessment instrument to evaluate interventions on the basis of individual, patient-specific goals. The attainment of these goals is mapped in a pre-specified way to attainment levels on an ordinal scale, which is common to all goals. This approach is patient-centred and allows one to integrate the outcomes of patients with very heterogeneous symptoms. The latter is of particular importance in clinical trials in rare diseases because it enables larger sample sizes by including a broader patient population. In this paper, we focus on the statistical analysis of Goal Attainment Scaling outcomes for the comparison of two treatments in randomised clinical trials. Building on a general statistical model, we investigate the properties of different hypothesis testing approaches. Additionally, we propose a latent variable approach to generate Goal Attainment Scaling data in a simulation study, to assess the impact of model parameters such as the number of goals per patient and their correlation, the choice of discretisation thresholds and the type of design (parallel group or cross-over). Based on our findings, we give recommendations for the design of clinical trials with a Goal Attainment Scaling endpoint. Furthermore, we discuss an application of Goal Attainment Scaling in a clinical trial in mastocytosis.
Marginal structural models with dose-delay joint-exposure for assessing variations to chemotherapy intensity
Authors: Lancia Carlo , Spitoni Cristian , Anninga Jakob , Whelan Jeremy , Sydes Matthew R , Jovic Gordana , Fiocco Marta
Published: June 2018

Marginal structural models are causal models designed to adjust for time-dependent confounders in observational studies with dynamically adjusted treatments. They are robust tools to assess causality in complex longitudinal data. In this paper, a marginal structural model is proposed with an innovative dose-delay joint-exposure model for Inverse-Probability-of-Treatment Weighted estimation of the causal effect of alterations to the therapy intensity. The model is motivated by a precise clinical question concerning the possibility of reducing dosages in a regimen. It is applied to data from a randomised trial of chemotherapy in osteosarcoma, an aggressive primary bone-tumour. Chemotherapy data are complex because their longitudinal nature encompasses many clinical details like composition and organisation of multi-drug regimens, or dynamical therapy adjustments. This manuscript focuses on the clinical dynamical process of adjusting the therapy according to the patient’s toxicity history, and the causal effect on the outcome of interest of such therapy modifications. Depending on patients’ toxicity levels, variations to therapy intensity may be achieved by physicians through the allocation of either a reduction or a delay of the next planned dose. Thus, a negative feedback is present between exposure to cytotoxic agents and toxicity levels, which acts as time-dependent confounders. The construction of the model is illustrated highlighting the high complexity and entanglement of chemotherapy data. Built to address dosage reductions, the model also shows that delays in therapy administration should be avoided. The last aspect makes sense from the cytological point of view, but it is seldom addressed in the literature.
Propensity score weighting analysis and treatment effect discovery
Authors: Mao Huzhang , Li Liang , Greene Tom
Published: June 2018

Inverse probability weighting can be used to estimate the average treatment effect in propensity score analysis. When there is lack of overlap in the propensity score distributions between the treatment groups under comparison, some weights may be excessively large, causing numerical instability and bias in point and variance estimation. We study a class of modified inverse probability weighting estimators that can be used to avoid this problem. These weights cause the estimand to deviate from the average treatment effect. We provide some justification for this deviation from the perspective of treatment effect discovery. We show that when lack of overlap occurs, the modified weights can achieve substantial gains in statistical power compared with inverse probability weighting and other propensity score methods. We develop analytical variance estimates that properly adjust for the sampling variability of the estimated propensity scores, and augment the modified inverse probability weighting estimator with outcome models for improved efficiency, a property that resembles double robustness. Results from extensive simulations and a real data application support our conclusions. The proposed methodology is implemented in R package PSW.
Information Source Credibility and Job Seekers’ Intention to Apply: The Mediating Role of Brands
Authors: Gupta Shiksha , Saini Gordhan K.
Published: June 2018

In this article, we first examine the role of perceived credibility of three information sources—customer reviews, employee testimonials and corporate communication in influencing a job seeker’s intention to apply; second, we examine the mediating role of three brand application levels (i.e., product brand, employer brand and corporate brand) between the perceived credibility of information sources and a job seeker’s intention to apply. Using a standard questionnaire, data from 385 respondents were collected and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results show that for intention to apply, the perceived credibility of employee testimonials and corporate communication was higher than the perceived credibility of customer reviews. The employer brand ‘fully’ mediates the relationship between the perceived credibility of employee testimonials and intention to apply, while the corporate brand ‘partially’ mediates the relationship between the perceived credibility of corporate communication and intention to apply. Human resource (HR) managers may thereby use employee testimonials for attracting a greater number of applications, and such recruitment communications can be complemented by corporate communication for recruitment effectiveness. Organizations looking to improve their employer brand may focus on using employee testimonials and corporate communication as their principle branding activities. This study contributes to literature related to boundary spanning benefits of strong brands.
Inequality in Rural Tamil Nadu between 1993–1994 and 2011–2012: A Class Analysis
Authors: Nelson Mandela S.
Published: June 2018

This article examines the trends in inequality in rural Tamil Nadu between 1993–1994 and 2011–2012 based on consumer expenditure data of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). Using “class” as an analytical category in broad Marxian sense, it offers a class perspective to understand inequality by grouping rural households into 11 classes. The article argues that the increase in rural inequality in Tamil Nadu between 1993–1994 and 2004–2005 is partly because of an increase in inequality between the classes, while the inequality within classes remained constant. Thereafter between 2004–2005 and 2011–2012, rural inequality declined following a decrease in the inequality between classes. The article contextualizes and explains these results in the light of other empirical studies.
On the Expanding Ludosphere
Authors: Stenros Jaakko , Kultima Annakaisa
Published: June 2018

Background. Taking Klabbers’ call for a coherent game science as a starting point, we argue for an alternative way to approach the multidisciplinarity of research into games.

Aim. Building on game studies and design research, this article reviews the history and forecasts the future of studying games.

Application. All scholars of games could benefit from an awareness of the works of other game scholars in different traditions. The plurality of approaches towards games is an intellectual strength, even if it is difficult for a single scholar to maintain a holistic grasp on research relating to ‘games’. The multitude not only describes the disciplinary traditions reflecting the wider phenomenon of games and play, but also games as creative practice.

Demonstration. While the article is theoretical in nature, we use real-world examples to illustrate and ground the argumentation. For example, a key challenge identified here is that the realm of games and their influence, the ludosphere, is expanding too rapidly for any single researcher to keep up with it.

Conclusions. We invite game scholars to cultivate a stronger awareness of the multitude of research into games to better position their own work in a larger context.
Outcomes of Alveolar Graft With Rhbmp-2 in CLP: Influence of Cleft Type and Width, Canine Eruption, and Surgeon
Authors: Leal Claudia Resende , de Carvalho Roberta Martinelli , Ozawa Terumi Okada , de Almeida Araci Malagodi , da Silva Dalben Gisele , da Cunha Bastos José Carlos , Garib Daniela Gamba
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the influence of cleft type and width, canine eruption stage, and surgeon on the outcomes of alveolar graft with rhBMP-2.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

Tertiary craniofacial center.

Participants:

Ninety individuals submitted to alveolar graft in late mixed or early permanent dentition.

Interventions:

The 90 individuals (mean age: 16.8 years) were submitted to alveolar graft with rhBMP-2. Periapical radiographs were obtained before and 6 months after surgery. Surgeries were performed by 4 experienced maxillofacial surgeons. The alveolar grafts were assigned as success or failure by 3 blinded raters based on the modified Bergland and Chelsea scales. Permanent canines adjacent to the defect were assigned as erupted and not erupted. The greatest cleft width was measured on preoperative periapical radiographs.

Main Outcome Measures:

The influence of 4 independent variables (cleft type, cleft width, canine eruption phase, and surgeon) on the outcome of alveolar graft was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression ( P < .05).

Results:

All independent variables presented significant influence on alveolar graft outcome. The subgroup of unerupted maxillary canines demonstrated better outcomes than erupted canines ( P = .001). The group with cleft lip and alveolus (CL/A) demonstrated better outcomes than complete cleft lip and palate (CLP; P < .001). The greater the alveolar cleft width, the less favorable were the graft outcomes ( P = .027). The surgeon also had a significant influence on the surgery success ( P = .003 and .001).

Conclusion:

The type and width of CLP, the eruption of permanent canines, and the surgeon influenced the outcome of alveolar graft surgeries performed with rhBMP-2.
Nationalism and Human Rights
Authors: Yazici Emir
Published: June 2018

Do nationalist political parties violate human rights more than others or are they the protectors of their people’s rights when they are in power? I argue that nationalist political actors have the duty of protecting national unity at any cost and prioritizing national interests over any other concerns. These goals jeopardize certain types of human rights. In contrast to the view that civic nationalism can be more benign compared with ethnic nationalism, I argue that they both have similar effects on human rights. However, democratic institutions can tame nationalism and limit its effects on human rights. I test my theory by using a large- N sample including forty-nine countries between 1981 and 2011, and supplement my findings with a short case study. The findings show that nationalism has negative effects on certain types of human rights only in partial democracies. This article contributes to the literature by presenting a causal mechanism relating the core elements of nationalism to human rights practices and providing the first large- N empirical test of this relationship. The findings of this article can help scholars, politicians, and citizens better understand a potentially dangerous consequence of the rise of nationalism around the world.
Polymorphisms C677T and A1298C of MTHFR Gene: Homocysteine Levels and Prothrombotic Biomarkers in Coronary and Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Lupi-Herrera Eulo , Soto-López María Elena , Lugo-Dimas Antonio de Jesús , Núñez-Martínez Marcela Elizabeth , Gamboa Ricardo , Huesca-Gómez Claudia , Sierra-Galán Lilia Mercedes , Guarner-Lans Verónica
Published: June 2018

The activity of the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) determines homocysteine (Hcy) levels, and polymorphisms in its gene affect the activity of the enzyme. Changes in the enzyme’s activity may lead to a higher susceptibility to develop arterial and venous thromboembolic disease. The aim was to analyze the relationship between the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of MTHFR, Hcy levels, and prothrombotic biomarkers in pulmonary embolism (PE) and acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). Clinical files of patients with thromboembolic diseases having complete data and whose doctor had requested an assay to determine the polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene, Hcy levels, and prothrombotic biomarkers were studied to search for the correlation between mutations of the MTHFR gene and Hcy levels in the different diseases. We included 334 files: 158 were from women and 176 from men (51 [19 SD] years). Sixty-three percent have had thrombosis, 8% AMI, and 31% PE. Patients with thrombosis had elevated frequency of the C677T polymorphism. The CC genotype was higher than the TT genotype ( P = .003) and CT versus the TT ( P = .009). In patients with PE, the CC genotype was higher than the TT genotype ( P = .038). Pulmonary embolism with massive and submassive events had predominant genotypes 677 TT ( P = .003) and the AA 1298 ( P = .017). Elevated Hcy levels in the presence of the T allele in the C677T gene and of the A allele in the A1298C gene are associated with AMI and massive and submassive PE.
Measuring What Matters: Assessing Creativity, Critical Thinking, and the Design Process
Authors: Shively Kate , Stith Krista M. , Rubenstein Lisa DaVia
Published: June 2018

The field of gifted education has a rich history of proposing and implementing innovative pedagogical practices to develop students’ creative and critical thinking, yet less attention has been given to the assessment of these learning experiences. If creative and critical thinking are both inherently important in developing global problem solvers and further represent the goals of gifted curriculum, then classroom assessments must be designed to measure student development of these process skills. Many assessment rubrics emphasize the end product or superficially address process skills. This article provides sample rubrics to assess creative and critical thinking skills independently. Then, we consider anchoring larger projects’ assessment within the Design Thinking Model (DTM), which embeds creative and critical thinking skills into the design process. Teachers may tailor these rubrics to assist in measuring the essential, yet complex, cognitive processes, and clearly convey to students the characteristics and practices of a good thinker and designer.
Cyberbullying and the Gifted: Considerations for Social and Emotional Development
Authors: MacFarlane Bronwyn , Mina Keri
Published: June 2018

The use of technology can promote learning, higher-order thinking, deeper understanding, collaboration, and student engagement. But if unchecked and unfacilitated, online cyberbullying can become an impediment to learning and threaten young people’s sense of well-being. Cyberbullying is a type of youth aggression that teachers and parents must consider how to integrate technology for educational purposes and decrease online bullying scenarios with targeted instruction and strategies in an online culture. This article examines cyberbullying and relevant concerns to educating high-ability students. Motivation will be discussed with suggestions, resources, and considerations for working with high-ability young people in developing their social–emotional awareness and strategies for addressing bullying.
Spillover Effects of a University Crisis: A Qualitative Investigation Using Situational Theory of Problem Solving
Authors: Poroli Alessandro , Huang Lei Vincent
Published: June 2018

This study explores spillover effects of one university’s crisis to students from another institution employing the situational theory of problem solving. Defining crisis spillover in terms of problem and involvement recognition, findings from interviews underline organizational, psychological, and communicational aspects that affected students’ perception of the crisis and recognition of its potential spread to their university. This study also highlights how mental associations between two institutions around a critical issue may be mitigated or augmented by individuals’ memories of prior similar events affecting other organizations, recollection of how past issues were handled by their organization, and trust toward their institution.
Effect of Cyclophosphamide Treatment on Central and Effector Memory T Cells in Mice
Authors: Włodarczyk Marcin , Ograczyk Elżbieta , Kowalewicz-Kulbat Magdalena , Druszczyńska Magdalena , Rudnicka Wiesława , Fol Marek
Published: June 2018

Immunological memory is a key feature of adaptive immunity. It provides the organism with long-lived and robust protection against infection. The important question is whether cyclophosphamide (CP), as immunosuppressive agent used in cancer therapy and in some autoimmune diseases, may act on the memory T-cell population. We investigated the effect of CP on the percentage of central memory T cells (TCM) and effector memory T cells (TEM) in the mouse model of CP-induced immunosuppression (8-10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice CP treated for 7 days at the daily dose of 50 μg/g body weight [bw], manifested the best immunosuppression status, as compared to lower doses of CP: 10 or 20 μg/g bw). The CP induced a significant decrease in the percentage of CD8+ (TCM), compared to nonimmunosuppressed mice. This effect was not observed in the case of CD4+ TCM population. The percentage of gated TEM with CD4 and CD8 phenotype was significantly decreased in CP-treated mice, as compared to the control ones. Taken together, the above data indicate that CP-induced immunosuppression in mice leads to a reduction in the abundance of central memory cells possessing preferentially CD8+ phenotype as well as to a reduction in the percentage of effector memory cells (splenocytes both CD4+ and CD8+), compared to the cells from nonimmunosuppressed mice. These findings in mice described in this article may contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the immunological responses in humans and extend research on the impact of the CP model of immunosuppression in mice and memory T-cell populations.
Translating Informal Theories Into Formal Theories: The Case of the Dynamic Computational Model of the Integrated Model of Work Motivation
Authors: Vancouver Jeffrey B. , Wang Mo , Li Xiaofei
Published: June 2018

Theories are the core of any science, but many imprecisely stated theories in organizational and management science are hampering progress in the field. Computational modeling of existing theories can help address the issue. Computational models are a type of formal theory that are represented mathematically or by other formal logic and can be simulated, allowing theorists to assess whether the theory can explain the phenomena intended as well as make testable predictions. As an example of the process, Locke’s integrated model of work motivation is translated into static and dynamic computational models. Simulations of these models are compared to the empirical data used to develop and test the theory. For the static model, the simulations revealed largely strong associations with robust empirical findings. However, adding dynamics created several challenges to key precepts of the theory. Moreover, the effort revealed where empirical work is needed to further refine or refute the theory. Discussion focuses on the value of computational modeling as a method for formally testing, pruning, and extending extant theories in the field.
New onset seizures as a sole clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Al Hussona Mariam , Kearney Hugh , Fisher Arie , Lynch John , Looby Seamus , Delanty Norman
Published: June 2018

Background and objectives:

Epileptic seizures frequently occur in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and are thought to represent a manifestation of cortical pathology. However, at present, seizures are not considered to be a typical clinical presentation of demyelination.

Methods and results:

In this case series, we identified four people, who presented with seizures as a sole presenting feature, with demyelinating imaging abnormalities that satisfy current diagnostic criteria for a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or early MS.

Conclusion:

Based on this case series, we propose that people presenting with de novo seizures, with concurrent radiological abnormalities suggestive of demyelination could potentially be considered to have a CIS.
Overcoming the poverty of Western historical imagination: Alternative analogies for making sense of the South China Sea conflict
Authors: Kopper Akos , Peragovics Tamas
Published: June 2018

This article analyzes the use of historical analogies to interpret and explain foreign policy behavior, focusing on the South China Sea conflict. In reviewing coverage in the international English-language press, we find a range of historical analogies, from the conflict between Athens and Sparta to the 1938 Munich agreement, to interpret China’s strategy and motivations in the region. While analogies are powerful tools for interpreting international events, their use has dangers as they are often deployed to justify decisions rather than analyze options. This article has two goals. First, we argue that relying excessively on Western analogies for understanding China can be misleading; instead, we suggest visiting examples from China’s past that offer alternative readings of its current ambitions. Second, we suggest a way to overcome the deterministic application of historical analogies by not taking them individually, but rather taking them as sets of alternative scenarios. This way, they can provide important insights for generating critical debate and informing tactful diplomacy.
Biometric Bodies, Or How to Make Electronic Fingerprinting Work in India
Authors: Rao Ursula
Published: June 2018

The rapid spread of electronic fingerprinting not only creates new regimes of surveillance but compels users to adopt novel ways of performing their bodies to suit the new technology. This ethnography uses two Indian case studies – of a welfare office and a workplace – to unpack the processes by which biometric devices become effective tools for determining identity. While in the popular imaginary biometric technology is often associated with providing disinterested and thus objective evaluation of identity, in practice ‘failures to enrol’ and ‘false rejects’ frequently cause crises of representation. People address these by tinkering with their bodies and changing the rules, and in the process craft biometric bodies. These are assembled bodies that link people and objects in ways considered advantageous for specific identity regimes. By using assemblage theory, the article proposes an alternative interpretation of new surveillance regimes as fluid practices that solidify through the agency of multiple actors who naturalize particular power/knowledge arrangements.
Ethylene glycol and methanol ingestion cared for by tele-emergency pharmacy and tele-emergency medicine
Authors: Russi Christopher S , Mattson Alicia E , Smars Peter A , Newman James S , Beuning Alex J
Published: June 2018

We believe this is the first documented case of a critically ill patient managed by telepharmacy in a remote, rural critical access hospital. We outline the case and the benefits of telepharmacy in under-resourced, rural critical access emergency departments.
Adjunctive stent use during endovascular intervention to the femoropopliteal artery with drug coated balloons: Insights from the XLPAD registry
Authors: Kokkinidis Damianos G , Jeon-Slaughter Haekyung , Khalili Houman , Brilakis Emmanouil S , Shammas Nicolas W , Banerjee Subhash , Armstrong Ehrin J
Published: June 2018

With growing use of drug-coated balloons (DCB) for femoropopliteal (FP) artery interventions, there is limited information on rates of real-world adjunctive stent use and its association with short and long-term outcomes. We report on 225 DCB treated FP lesions in 224 patients from the Excellence in Peripheral Artery Disease (XLPAD) registry (NCT01904851) between 2014 and 2016. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel and Wilcoxon rank sum statistics were used to compare stented (planned or ‘bail-out’) versus non-stented DCB treated lesions. Stents were implanted in 31% of FP DCB interventions. Among the 70 stents implanted, 46% were for ‘bail-out’ indications and 54% were planned. Lesions treated with stents were longer (mean 150 mm vs 100 mm; p < 0.001) and less likely to be in-stent restenosis lesions (10% vs 28%; p=0.003). Stenting was significantly more frequent in complex FP lesions, including chronic total occlusions (66% vs 34%; p < 0.001). For bail-out stenting, interwoven nitinol stents were the most common type (50%) followed by drug-eluting stents (34%) and bare-metal stents (22%). There were no differences in peri-procedural complication rates or 12-month target limb revascularization rates (18.6% vs 11.6%; p=0.162) or 12-month amputation rates (11.4% vs 11%; p=0.92) between lesions where adjunctive stenting was used versus lesions without adjunctive stenting, respectively. In conclusion, in a contemporary ‘real-world’ adjudicated multicenter US registry, adjunctive stenting was necessary in nearly a third of the lesions, primarily for the treatment of more complex FP lesions, with similar short and intermediate-term clinical outcomes compared with non-stented lesions. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01904851
Hemolysis following wrap aortoplasty for Type A aortic dissection repair: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Davison Mark A , Norton Derek M , Popoff Andrew M , Seder Christopher W , March Robert J
Published: June 2018

A Dacron wrap aortoplasty has been described as an adjunct to reduction ascending aortoplasty for the repair of Type A aortic dissections. We report a case of an uncomplicated hemiarch repair with wrap aortoplasty of the distal anastomosis which resulted in severe acute hemolysis. Despite only minimal focal graft deformation on imaging, the patient was found to have a flow gradient across the distal anastomosis, which was reduced by > 50% following release of the outer graft wrap. To our knowledge, only 29 additional cases of hemolytic anemia following aortic dissection repair have been described in the English literature. The reported mechanisms included aortic graft stenosis (50%), graft kinking (23%), external compression of the graft (20%), and a folded elephant trunk appendage (7%). The mean onset of hemolysis following aortic dissection repair occurred 32.2 ± 44.4 months after surgery, with only 16.7% of cases occurring within 2 weeks. This review details the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings suggestive of mechanical hemolysis following aortic surgery.
Greening honey: Producing the underground origins of a forest wonder
Authors: Webb Sarah
Published: June 2018

Green honey is a substance reputedly made under the ground by a powerful bee endemic to Palawan Island. Stories of its mysterious origins have circulated for years across the Philippines. ‘Underground’ is a place on Palawan – a nationally significant subterranean river sometimes rumoured to be a source of green honey. But beyond this specific site, and in quite another sense, the underground can also refer to a space where production occurs through shared imaginings but remains unseen. This article explores how the circulation of green honey produced in this underground space has shaped the lived place of Underground. Multi-sited ethnography is used to investigate how the social lives of green honey across the Philippines, including their embedded politics, reorganize the value of ‘local’ honey on Palawan. Greening honey, the author argues, involves materializing the purported origins of substances through their forms as bottled objects.
Any room at the inn? The impact of religious elite discourse on immigration attitudes in the United Kingdom
Authors: Paterson Ian
Published: June 2018

To date, scholarship has neglected the role of elite cues in shaping immigration attitudes. When included, attention has been limited to political elites and parties. Yet, other societal actors have the potential to shape attitudes. This article employs mixed methods to analyse the discourse of the Church of England and attempts to uncover whether this discourse impacts the immigration attitudes of ‘their’ audience in the United Kingdom during 2005–2015. The discourse analysis finds that non-threatening migration frames dominate. Using European Social Survey (ESS) data (Rounds 4–7), regression analysis indicates that greater exposure to elite cues, via attendance at religious services, is consistently related to more positive immigration attitudes. Thus, for those most exposed, elite cues may be acting as a partial bulwark against the ubiquitous security-threat discourse of political elites. Overall, findings imply that despite their previous neglect, religious elite actors have the capacity to shape immigration attitudes and therefore de/construct issues of security.
Experiment study on chloride corrosion deterioration of load-bearing concrete segment
Authors: Feng Kun , Liu Sijin , He Chuan , Peng Zuzhao , Gou Chao , Zhang Haihua , Sun Qi
Published: June 2018

In order to study the combined action of compression-bending load and surrounding ion erosive environment on underwater shield tunnel, a series of cofferdam-type electrochemical-accelerated corrosion tests of mini segments are carried out to investigate the segment reinforcement corrosion under different compression-bending loads and the change of internal force and rigidity of mini segments under different load-bearing and corroding conditions. Then, the failure pattern of mini segments under different loading and corroding states are recorded and analyzed. The results indicate that the following: (1) the larger the external load, the shorter the initial rust time of the steel bar; (2) the corrosion rate of steel bar increases linearly with time, and the ratio of corrosion of steel bar increases quadratically with time, the larger the load, the more obvious the increase will be; (3) after the corrosion of steel bar, the change rate of the strain for the steel bar increases as the external load augments, and as a matter of fact, the change rate of the strain increases as well, besides, the degree of strain change for compressive steel is obviously lower compared with that of tensile steel bar; (4) the effect of electric corrosion on the deflection of the segments is more obvious with the increase of external load, and a quadratic increase relationship between the deflection and the corrosion is observed in the process of corrosion; (5) It can be concluded that plastic failure is observed for the segments without loading and for those without cracks in the initial stage of loading, which can be indicated directly by the relatively smaller loss rate of steel section, while brittle failure is presented as the failure pattern for the segments with cracks after loading for certain period, which means the loss rate of steel section is relatively larger. The results can briefly provide useful reference for rational design and durability assessment of shield tunnel segmental linings.
From ‘on’ to ‘with’ to ‘by:’ people with a learning disability creating a space for the third wave of Inclusive Research
Authors: Milner Paul , Frawley Patsie
Published: June 2018

For people with a learning disability, Inclusive Research is promoted as the right way to redress the hermeneutical injustice of their voices and theorising being excluded from the processes of knowledge production. This article describes the experiences and reflections of non-disabled researchers co-researching with people whose subjectivities were thought to lie beyond qualitative research. Through four stories, jointly told, we detail how those most at risk of exclusion from the academy first challenged and then took the research encounter beyond the linear, assimilative certainties of research ‘on’ or ‘with’ people with a learning disability towards the outer, cutting edges of qualitative research and an epistemology that might more authentically be said to be ‘by’ them.
Putting graphic elicitation into practice: tools and typologies for the use of participant-led diagrams in qualitative research interviews
Authors: Bravington Alison , King Nigel
Published: June 2018

The use of diagrams to stimulate dialogue in research interviews, a technique known as graphic elicitation, has burgeoned since the year 2000. Reviews of the graphic elicitation literature have relied on the inconsistent terminology currently used to index visual methods, and have so far drawn only a partial picture of their use. Individual diagrams are seen as stand-alone tools, often linked to particular disciplines, rather than as images created from a toolbox of common elements which can be customized to suit a research study. There is a need to examine participant-led diagramming with a view to matching the common elements of diagrams with the objectives of a research project. This article aims to provide an overview of diagramming techniques used in qualitative data collection with individual participants, to relate the features of diagrams to the aspects of the social world they represent, and to suggest how to choose a technique to suit a research question.
The emotional labour of researching sensitive topics online: considerations and implications
Authors: Hanna Esmée
Published: June 2018

Utilising online data within qualitative research is becoming increasingly common, particularly as it offers a useful means for engaging with sensitive topics and accessing social actors in more ‘naturalistic’ settings. However, researching sensitive topics online can expose researchers to a range of emotional narratives, yet researcher emotion remains an area which is relatively underexplored in relation to online qualitative research. This article then reflects on the emotional implications of qualitative research online through the case study of online infertility research. Three themes are highlighted: what happened next?; empathy from afar, and emotional detachment and these reflect on how emotion can be manifest and utilised, and the strategies that can be adopted to facilitate the negotiation of researching emotive and sensitive topics in online settings. Drawing on Campbell’s (2001) ideas, the article then sets out what the notion of what ‘emotionally engaged online research’ may look like.
Effect of Open- vs Closed-Cell Stent Design on Periprocedural Outcomes and Restenosis After Carotid Artery Stenting: A Systematic Review and Comprehensive Meta-analysis
Authors: Texakalidis Pavlos , Giannopoulos Stefanos , Kokkinidis Damianos G. , Lanzino Giuseppe
Published: June 2018

Purpose:To compare periprocedural complications and in-stent restenosis rates associated with open- vs closed-cell stent designs used in carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify all randomized and observational studies published in English up to October 31, 2017, that compared open- vs closed-cell stent designs in CAS. Identified studies were included if they reported the following outcomes: stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), myocardial infarction (MI), hemodynamic depression, new ischemic lesions detected on imaging, and death within 30 days, as well as the incidence of in-stent restenosis. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed. Model results are reported as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Results: Thirty-three studies (2 randomized trials) comprising 20, 291 patients (mean age 71.3±3.0 years; 74.6% men) were included. Patients in the open-cell stent group had a statistically significant lower risk of restenosis ⩾40% (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.92; I2=0%) and ⩾70% (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.52; I2=0%) at a mean follow-up of 24 months. No statistically significant differences were identified for periprocedural stroke, TIA, new ischemic lesions, MI, hemodynamic depression, or death within 30 days after CAS. Sensitivity analysis of the 2 randomized controlled trials only did not point to any significant differences either. Conclusion: Use of open-cell stent design in CAS is associated with a decreased risk for restenosis when compared to the closed-cell stent, without significant differences in periprocedural outcomes.
Family Perspectives on the Appeals of and Alternatives to Sheltered Employment for Individuals with Severe Disabilities
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Bendetson Sonni , Guiden Carrie Hobbs
Published: June 2018

Although calls to expand integrated employment opportunities have permeated recent legislative and policy initiatives in the United States, substantial numbers of adults with severe disabilities still work in segregated settings. We examined findings from events held in eight communities to solicit the views of parents and other family members ( n = 93) on the state’s shift from sheltered to integrated employment. Our interest was in understanding what maintained their attraction to segregated work settings and which factors would lead them to consider community employment as an appealing alternative. The considerations raised by participants were wide-ranging and highly individualized. However, factors related to ensuring safety, the availability of personal supports, and opportunities for relationship development were pronounced across these geographically and economically diverse communities. We offer implications for research and policy aimed at changing the employment landscape for individuals with severe disabilities.
Evaluating the Differential Impact of Interventions to Promote Self-Determination and Goal Attainment for Transition-Age Youth with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Burke Kathryn M. , Anderson Mark H. , Antosh Anthony A. , Wehmeyer Michael L. , LaPlante Terri , Shaw Leslie A.
Published: June 2018

This study examined the differential impact of implementing the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI) alone with implementing the SDLMI combined with Whose Future Is It? with transition aged students with intellectual disability in a cluster randomized trial in the state of Rhode Island. The state of Rhode Island is implementing systemic change in transition services and supports under the auspices of a Consent Decree entered into by the state with the U.S. Department of Justice. One area of focus is promoting self-determination during transition planning in the school context as a means to affect employment trajectories. This study focused on the impact of self-determination instruction on self-determination outcomes while youth were still in school, given research establishing a relationship between self-determination and employment outcomes. Latent mediation models suggested that students in the SDLMI-only group reported significant increases in their self-determination scores from baseline to the end of the year, and teachers of students in the SDLMI-only group saw students’ goal attainment as predicting change in self-determination over the course of the year. Teachers reported significant changes in student self-determination in the SDLMI + Whose Future Is It? group. Implications for individualizing interventions to teach skills associated with self-determination in the context of planning and setting goals for the transition to integrated employment are discussed.
X-Ray Imaging is Essential for Contemporary Chiropractic and Manual Therapy Spinal Rehabilitation: Radiography Increases Benefits and Reduces Risks
Authors: Oakley Paul A. , Cuttler Jerry M. , Harrison Deed E.
Published: June 2018

To remedy spine-related problems, assessments of X-ray images are essential to determine the spine and postural parameters. Chiropractic/manual therapy realignment of the structure of the spine can address a wide range of pain, muscle weakness, and functional impairments. Alternate methods to assess such spine problems are often indirect and do not reveal the root cause and could result in a significant misdiagnosis, leading to inappropriate treatment and harmful consequences for the patient. Radiography reveals the true condition and alignment of the spine; it eliminates guesswork. Contemporary approaches to spinal rehabilitation, guided by accurate imaging, have demonstrated superiority over primitive treatments. Unfortunately, there are well-meaning but misguided activists who advocate elimination or minimization of exposures in spine radiography. The radiation dose employed for a plain radiograph is very low, about 100 times below the threshold dose for harmful effects. Rather than increasing risk, such exposures would likely stimulate the patient’s own protection systems and result in beneficial health effects. Spine care guidelines need to be revised to reflect the potential benefits of modern treatments and the lack of health risks from low X-ray doses. This would encourage routine use of radiography in manual spine therapy, which differs from common pharmacologic pain relief practice.
Engaging persons with disabilities as community teachers for experiential learning in occupational therapy education
Authors: Lim Sok Mui , Leet Tan Bhing , Lim Hua Beng , Goh Zi An Galvyn
Published: June 2018

Background

Cultivating empathy towards persons with disabilities has been highlighted as an essential graduate attribute in the occupational therapy profession.

Purpose

With the aim to developing a more holistic understanding of disability, this project seeks to translate an experiential learning activity developed in Canada to the local Singaporean context. Small groups of two to three students were paired with a person with physical disability, known as a community teacher, for a series of visits to observe and participate in their self-care, productivity and leisure activities.

Method

A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was adopted with the administration of an adapted version of the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Towards Persons with Disabilities on 51 first year occupational therapy students. Seventeen students participated in three focus group discussions at the end of the learning activity. Findings: Comparison of pre- and post-scores using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests of all three subscales of the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Towards Persons with Disabilities yielded significant improvements. The average score for Affect improved from 42.94 to 32.08, z = −5.43, P <  .001; for Cognition improved from 26.12 to 21.41, z = −4.20, P <  .001; for Behaviour improved from 23.78 to 20.65, z= −4.44, P <  .001. Effect sizes ranged from medium to large. Thematic analysis of focus groups led to the identification of four themes that explained these improvements. Implications: Experiential learning can be effective in cultivating empathy and improving attitudes of occupational therapy students towards persons with disabilities. There is potential to expand this pedagogical approach to other health sciences disciplines.
Experimental study of the characteristics of various types of filling coils for intracranial aneurysm embolisation
Authors: Ito Masashi , Matsubara Noriaki , Izumi Takashi , Miyachi Shigeru , Ota Keisuke , Imai Tasuku , Nishihori Masahiro , Wakabayashi Toshihiko
Published: June 2018

Background

In endovascular embolisation for an intracranial aneurysm, after framing coil deployment, soft coils (often called filling coils) are usually selected to fill inside the cage of previous coils. Various kinds of filling coils are available, although each coil has its own characteristics. Understanding their differences to ensure proper coil selection is important to achieve successful embolisation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of various filling coils.

Materials and methods

The authors developed a radiolucent coil to evaluate the performance of coils under conditions simulating the course of embolisation. Experimental embolisation was performed by using a silicone aneurysm filled with radiolucent coils. Indices including area, circularity, centroid position and coefficient of variation were investigated by analysing the figures of the filling coils after being inserted into the radiolucent coil under fluoroscopy.

Results

The characteristics of each coil depended on the coil design. The helical coil had the highest circularity and centroid position scores and lowest area score. Therefore, it tended to develop a compacted mass. The low shape-memory coil had the lowest circularity, second-highest centroid position and highest coefficient of variation scores. Therefore, it tended to develop irregularly shaped distribution with low reproducibility. Complex coils generally had higher area and circularity scores. Therefore, they tended to provide a balanced distribution with relatively expanded mass and less small compartmentation.

Conclusions

The evaluated characteristics of various filling coils should be useful for appropriate selection of filling coils.