bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing Urban Air Temperature Data for Estimating Urban Heat Island and Building Heating/Cooling Load in London
Authors: Benjamin Kit , Luo Zhiwen , Wang Xiaoxue
Published: August 2021

Urban heat island (UHI) effects significantly impact building energy. Traditional UHI investigation methods are often incapable of providing the high spatial density of observations required to distinguish small-scale temperature differences in the UHI. Crowdsourcing offers a solution. Building cooling/heating load in 2018 has been estimated in London, UK, using crowdsourced data from over 1300 Netatmo personal weather stations. The local climate zone (LCZ) scheme was used to classify the different urban environments of London (UK). Inter-LCZ temperature differences are found to be generally consistent with LCZ temperature definitions. Analysis of cooling degree hours in July shows LCZ 2 (the densest urban LCZ in London) had the highest cooling demand, with a total of 1550 cooling degree hours. The suburban related LCZs 5 and 6 and rural LCZs B and D all had about 80% of the demand of LCZ 2. In December, the rural LCZs A, B and D had the greatest heating demand, with all recording around 5750 heating degree hours. Urban LCZs 2, 5 and 6 had 91%, 86% and 95% of the heating demand of LCZ D, respectively. This study has highlighted both advantages and issues with using crowdsourced data for urban climate and building energy research.
Experimental Assessment of the Performance and Emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine Using Waste-Derived Biofuels as Additives
Authors: Costa Joaquim , Martins Jorge , Arantes Tiago , Gonçalves Margarida , Durão Luis , Brito Francisco P.
Published: August 2021

The use of biofuels for spark ignition engines is proposed to diversify fuel sources and reduce fossil fuel consumption, optimize engine performance, and reduce pollutant emissions. Additionally, when these biofuels are produced from low-grade wastes, they constitute valorisation pathways for these otherwise unprofitable wastes. In this study, ethanol and pyrolysis biogasoline made from low-grade wastes were evaluated as additives for commercial gasoline (RON95, RON98) in tests performed in a spark ignition engine. Binary fuel mixtures of ethanol + gasoline or biogasoline + gasoline with biofuel incorporation of 2% (w/w) to 10% (w/w) were evaluated and compared with ternary fuel mixtures of ethanol + biogasoline + gasoline with biofuel incorporation rates from 1% (w/w) to 5% (w/w). The fuel mix performance was assessed by determination of torque and power, fuel consumption and efficiency, and emissions (HC, CO, and NOx). An electronic control unit (ECU) was used to regulate the air–fuel ratio/lambda and the ignition advance for maximum brake torque (MBT), wide-open throttle (WOT)), and two torque loads for different engine speeds representative of typical driving. The additive incorporation up to 10% often improved efficiency and lowered emissions such as CO and HC relative to both straight gasolines, but NOx increased with the addition of a blend.
Galilean-Invariant Characteristic-Based Volume Penalization Method for Supersonic Flows with Moving Boundaries
Authors: Kasimov Nurlybek , Dymkoski Eric , De Stefano Giuliano , Vasilyev Oleg V.
Published: August 2021

This work extends the characteristic-based volume penalization method, originally developed and demonstrated for compressible subsonic viscous flows in (J. Comput. Phys. 262, 2014), to a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations involving complex domains with moving boundaries. The proposed methodology is shown to be Galilean-invariant and can be used to impose either homogeneous or inhomogeneous Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin type boundary conditions on immersed boundaries. Both integrated and non-integrated variables can be treated in a systematic manner that parallels the prescription of exact boundary conditions with the approximation error rigorously controlled through an a priori penalization parameter. The proposed approach is well suited for use with adaptive mesh refinement, which allows adequate resolution of the geometry without over-resolving flow structures and minimizing the number of grid points inside the solid obstacle. The extended Galilean-invariant characteristic-based volume penalization method, while being generally applicable to both compressible Navier–Stokes and Euler equations across all speed regimes, is demonstrated for a number of supersonic benchmark flows around both stationary and moving obstacles of arbitrary shape.
A Real Case Study of a Full-Scale Anaerobic Digestion Plant Powered by Olive By-Products
Authors: Tamborrino Antonia , Catalano Filippo , Leone Alessandro , Bianchi Biagio
Published: August 2021

The anaerobic digestion plant studied in this paper is one of the first full-scale plants using olive oil by-products. This is a two-stage plant with a power of 100 kWe. Two tests were performed: the first on olive pulp and pitted pomace and the second on biomass consisting of 10% crushed cereal. In both cycles, the retention time was 40 days. The production of biogas was between 51 and 52 m3/h, with limited fluctuations. The specific production values of biogas indicate that a volume of biogas greater than 1 m3/kg was produced in both tests. The produced biogas had a methane percentage of about 60% and the specific production (over total volatile solids, TVS) of methane was of the order of 0.70 m3methane/kgTVS. FOS/Alk (ratio between volatile organic acids and alkalinity) was always lower than 1 and tended to decrease in the second digester, indicating a stable methanogenic phase and the proper working of the methanogenic bacteria in the second reactor. The concentration of incoming biomass TPC (total polyphenols content) can vary significantly, due to the seasonality of production or inadequate storage conditions, but all measured values of TPC, between 1840 and 3040 mg gallic acid kg−1, are considered toxic both for acidogenic and methanogenic bacteria. By contrast, during the process the polyphenols decreased to the minimum value at the end of the acidogenic phase, biogas production did not stop, and the methane percentage was high.
Dynamic Thermal Properties Estimation Using Sensitivity Coefficients for Rapid Heating Process
Authors: Muniandy Anbuhkani , Benyathiar Patnarin , Mishra Dharmendra K. , Ozadali Ferhan
Published: August 2021

Thermal conductivity determination of food at temperatures > 100 °C still remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of food using rapid heating (TPCell). The experiments were designed based on scaled sensitivity coefficient (SSC), and the estimated thermal conductivity of potato puree was compared between the constant temperature heating at 121.10 °C (R12B10T1) and the rapid heating (R22B10T1). Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity models along with a constant conductivity were used for estimation. R22B10T1 experiment using the k model provided reliable measurements as compared to R12B10T1 with thermal conductivity values from 0.463 ± 0.011 W m−1 K−1 to 0.450 ± 0.016 W m−1 K−1 for 25–140 °C and root mean squares error (RMSE) of 1.441. In the R12B10T1 experiment, the analysis showed the correlation of residuals, which made the estimation less reliable. The thermal conductivity values were in the range of 0.444 ± 0.012 W m−1 K−1 to 0.510 ± 0.034 W m−1 K−1 for 20–120 °C estimated using the k model. Temperature-dependent models (linear and k models) provided a better estimate than the single parameter thermal conductivity determination with low RMSE for both types of experiments. SSC can provide insight in designing dynamic experiments for the determination of thermal conductivity coefficient.
Assessing the Fatty Acid, Carotenoid, and Tocopherol Compositions of Seeds from Apple Cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) Grown in Norway
Authors: Akšić Milica Fotirić , Lazarević Kristina , Šegan Sandra , Natić Maja , Tosti Tomislav , Ćirić Ivanka , Meland Mekjell
Published: August 2021

Apple production generates large amounts of apple pomace including seeds, leading to high transportation costs, public health hazards and undesirable odor. A new reuse strategy of this kind of waste could solve environmental issues and/or create unconventional sources of health beneficial products. In total, seeds from 75 apple cultivars grown in Norway (both domestic and international) have been analyzed for the first time for oil content and fatty acid profile together with tocopherols and carotenoids quantification in defatted seeds. Seeds from cultivar Håkonseple had the highest oil content (22.10%), with linoleic, oleic acid, and palmitic acid as the most abundant fatty acids. The levels of β-carotene and lycopene carotenoids and α-tocopherol were the highest in defatted seeds of the cultivar Sureple Grøn. Principal component analysis separated cultivars according to the total oil content. The Norwegian apple cultivars Håkonseple, Kviteple, Tolleivseple, Vinterrosenstrips, and Tokheimseple are recommended for obtaining vegetable oil due to their high oil contents, while cultivar Sureple Grøn can be separated due to its high levels of β-carotene, lycopene and total tocopherols.
Influence of Glycomacropeptide on Rehydration Characteristics of Micellar Casein Concentrate Powder
Authors: Panthi Ram R. , Bot Francesca , O’Mahony James A.
Published: August 2021

Glycomacropeptide (GMP) shows potential for enhancing the rehydration properties of high-protein dairy powders due to its hydrophilic nature. This study involved formulating micellar casein concentrate (MCC) solutions (8.6% final protein content) with 0, 10, and 20% GMP as a percentage of total protein, and investigated the physicochemical and rehydration properties of the resultant freeze-dried powders (P-MCC-0G, P-MCC-10G, and P-MCC-20G, respectively). The surface charges of caseins in the control MCC and 10 or 20% GMP blended solutions were −25.8, −29.6, and −31.5 mV, respectively. Tablets prepared from P-MCC-10G or P-MCC-20G powders displayed enhanced wettability with contact angle values of 80.6° and 79.5°, respectively, compared with 85.5° for P-MCC-0G. Moreover, blending of GMP with MCC resulted in faster disintegration of powder particles during rehydration (i.e., dispersibility) compared to P-MCC-0G. Faster and more extensive release of caseins from powder particles into solution was evident with the increasing proportion of GMP, with the majority of GMP released within the first 15 min of rehydration. The results of this study will contribute to further development of formulation science for achieving enhanced solubility characteristics of high-protein dairy powder ingredients, such as MCC.
Modeling Insolation, Multi-Spectral Imagery and LiDAR Point-Cloud Metrics to Predict Plant Diversity in a Temperate Montane Forest
Authors: Dunn Paul Christian , Blesius Leonhard
Published: August 2021

Incident solar radiation (insolation) passing through the forest canopy to the ground surface is either absorbed or scattered. This phenomenon, known as radiation attenuation, is measured using the extinction coefficient (K). The amount of radiation reaching the ground surface of a given site is effectively controlled by the canopy’s surface and structure, determining its suitability for plant species. Menhinick’s and Simpson’s biodiversity indexes were selected as spatially explicit response variables for the regression equation using canopy structure metrics as predictors. Independent variables include modeled area solar radiation, LiDAR-derived canopy height, effective leaf area index data derived from multi-spectral imagery and canopy strata metrics derived from LiDAR point-cloud data. The results support the hypothesis that (1) canopy surface and strata variability may be associated with understory species diversity due to radiation attenuation and the resultant habitat partitioning and that, (2) such a model can predict both this relationship and biodiversity clustering. The study data yielded significant correlations between predictor and response variables and were used to produce a multiple–linear model comprising canopy relief, the texture of heights, and vegetation density to predict understory plant diversity. When analyzed for spatial autocorrelation, the predicted biodiversity data exhibited non-random spatial continuity.
The Effect of Endurance and Endurance-Strength Training on Bone Mineral Density and Content in Abdominally Obese Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Jamka Małgorzata , Mądry Edyta , Bogdański Paweł , Kryściak Jakub , Mądry Radosław , Lisowska Aleksandra , Ismagulova Elnara , Gotz-Więckowska Anna , Chudzicka-Strugała Izabela , Amanzholkyzy Ainur , Walkowiak Jarosław
Published: August 2021

The optimal type of exercise that simultaneously decreases body weight and preserves bone health in people with obesity is unknown. This parallel randomized trial aimed to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in abdominally obese postmenopausal women. A total of 101 women were recruited and randomly assigned to endurance or endurance-strength training groups. Participants trained for 60 min per day, three times per week for 12 weeks. The endurance exercises were performed at an intensity of 50–75% of the maximum heart rate, whereas the strength exercises were at 50–60% of the one-repetition maximum. Pre- and post-intervention BMD and BMC of the total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck and physical capacity were measured. There were no differences among the densitometric parameters in the endurance group, but a significant increase in whole-body BMD in the endurance-strength group was found. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the groups in the changes in the lumbar spine BMC. Furthermore, both training programs significantly improved physical capacity with no differences between groups. Endurance training was more effective in maintaining BMC at the lumbar spine. However, both groups did not differ in effect on BMD. Further studies with a long-term follow-up should be considered to confirm these findings. The study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register within the number DRKS00019832, and the date of registration was 26 February 2020 (retrospective registration).
Participation in Regular Physical Activity According to the Type of Disability, Sex, Point of Disability Diagnosis, and Ability to Walk Independently in South Korea
Authors: Cho Changok , Shin Wonsang , Kong Sunga
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to compare rates of participation in physical activity according to the type of disability, sex, point of disability diagnosis (congenital vs. acquired), and ability to walk independently. The study involved individuals who were registered as disabled based on the 2020 Sports Survey for the Disabled project of the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare. Participants (mean age: 49.94 ± 12.35 years) included those with physical disabilities (n = 889), visual impairments (n = 523), hearing/speech impairments (n = 412), intellectual disabilities (n = 561), and disabilities associated with brain lesions (n = 364). Rates of severe (100%) and congenital disability (65.95%) were highest in the intellectual disability group. Acquired disability was most frequent in the physical disability group (94.71%). The highest frequency of independent walking ability was observed in the hearing/speech impairment group (99.27%). The rate of participation in physical activity was significantly higher in the acquired (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.87, p = 0.005) and independent walking (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.11–1.84, p = 0.005) hearing/speech impairment groups than in the corresponding physical disability groups after adjusting for age, sex, and severity. Our findings highlight the need to promote physical activity for people with physical and intellectual disabilities based on the factors examined in this study.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Chloramphenicol in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Zhang Weiwei , Mhungu Florence , Zhang Yuhua , Liu Yufei , Li Yan , Luo Xiaoyan , Pan Xinhong , Huang Jie , Zhong Xianwu , Song Shaofang , Li Hailin , Liu Yungang , Chen Kuncai
Published: August 2021

Chloramphenicol has been used in veterinary medicine, where its residues can remain in food of animal origin, thus potentially causing adverse health effects. This facilitated the ban for its use in food-producing animals globally, but its residues have remained ubiquitous. In this study, food commodities possibly contaminated with chloramphenicol, including livestock meat, poultry, edible viscera, fish, shrimp and crab, molluscs, milk, and eggs, were collected from domestic retail shops in all the 11 districts of Guangzhou and tested for its residue. Probabilistic risk assessment model calculations for its dietary exposure, and the margin of exposure (displayed as mean values and 5th percentile to 95th percentile ranges) were performed by using @RISK software based on a Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. The results indicated the detection of chloramphenicol in 248 out of 1454 samples (17.1%), which averaged to a level of 29.1 μg/kg. The highest average value was observed in molluscs (148.2 μg/kg, with the top value as 8196 μg/kg); meanwhile, based on the dietary structure of a typical Cantonese, pond fish, pork, and poultry meat contributed most (about 80%) to the residents’ dietary exposure to chloramphenicol. The margin of exposure for dietary chloramphenicol exposure in Guangzhou residents was 2489, which was apparently below 5000 (the borderline for judging a health risk), particularly low in preschool children (2094, suggesting an increased risk). In conclusion, the study suggests that chloramphenicol exposure in Guangzhou residents is considerable, and its relevant health hazard, especially for preschool children, is worthy of further investigation.
A Keyword Analysis Study on Postpartum Obesity Using Big Data
Authors: Baik Hyung-ui , Seo Bo-Kyung , Kim Gyu-Ri , Ku Jung-Eun
Published: August 2021

This study selected Google and Naver, the most recognizable Internet portals in Korea, as subjects for analysis. “Postpartum obesity” and “postpartum depression” were used as keywords for data collection. This study aimed to provide basic data for solving maternal problems using big data. Keywords related to postpartum obesity were collected from the portal site Google from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. The collected data were analyzed through simple frequency analysis, N-gram analysis, and keyword network. This study can be used as basic data for postpartum obesity-related programs or academic research. It is also expected to be used for research on the development of a mobile-based customized healthcare system focused on maternal health. Previous papers and data are still insufficient at solving the physical and mental problems related to postpartum obesity and depression. It is necessary to find ways to continuously integrate and collect data from mothers across the country.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Nurses Professional Values Scale-3: Indonesian Version
Authors: Asiandi Asiandi , Erlina Meli , Lin Yu-Hua , Huang Mei-Chih
Published: August 2021

The Nurses Professional Values Scale-3 (NPVS-3) is an important instrument for measuring the development and sustainability of professional values in nurses and nursing students. The translation, adaptation, and validation on this scale, including in Indonesia, is still very limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the Indonesian version of NPVS-3. This study used forward and backward translation methods and a cluster random sampling of 600 nurses participated. The 28-item scale of NPVS3-I was tested using EFA, applying the principal axis factoring extraction method and varimax with Kaiser normalization rotation method. The CFA used SEM with AMOS. Findings suggested sufficient content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the Indonesian version of NPVS-3. The I-CVI values ranged between 0.80 to 1.00 and the S-CVI was 0.99. Construct validity was supported with loading factors ranging from 0.49 to 0.84 for three factors (Caring, Activism, and Professionalism). The CFA goodness-of-fit indices were X2 (df) = 1516.95 (347), p < 0.001, normed chi-square (X2/df) = 4.37, RMSEA = 0.106, SRMR = 0.079, and CFI = 0.735. The Indonesian version of the NPVS3 showed good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alphas for the instrument of 0.97 and 0.94, 0.95, and 0.89 for Caring, Activism, and Professionalism, respectively. The Indonesian version of the NPVS-3 is valid and reliable for use in Indonesia.
Self-Compassion and Rumination Type Mediate the Relation between Mindfulness and Parental Burnout
Authors: Paucsik Marine , Urbanowicz Agata , Leys Christophe , Kotsou Ilios , Baeyens Céline , Shankland Rebecca
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 lockdown increased the day-to-day challenges faced by parents, and thereby may have increased parental burnout risk. Therefore, identifying parental burnout protection factors is essential. This study aimed to assess the protective role of the following factors which can be increased through mindfulness practice: trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and concrete vs. abstract ruminations. A total of 459 parents (Mage = 40; 98.7% female) completed self-reported questionnaires at two-time points to assess the predictive role of mindfulness on parental burnout, self-compassion and rumination type, and the mediating role of self-compassion and rumination type in the relation between mindfulness and parental burnout. Results showed that trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and rumination type at Time 1 predicted levels of parental burnout at Time 2. Self-compassion (indirect effects: b = − 22, 95% CI = [−38, −05], p < 0.01), concrete ruminations (indirect effects: b = −20, 95% CI = [−32, −09], p < 0.001), and abstract ruminations (indirect effects: b = −0.54, 95% CI = [−71, −37], p < 0.001) partially mediated the relation between trait-mindfulness and parental burnout. These findings showed that trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and concrete (vs. abstract) ruminations may help prevent parental burnout in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results contribute to the field of research on parental burnout prevention and will allow for the development of effective approaches to mental health promotion in parents.
Mind the Differences: How Diagnoses and Hospital Characteristics Influence Coordination in Cancer Patient Pathways
Authors: Mæhle Per Magnus , Hanto Ingrid Kristine Small , Simensen Victoria Charlotte , Smeland Sigbjørn
Published: August 2021

Integrated care pathway (ICP) is a prevailing concept in health care management including cancer care. Though substantial research has been conducted on ICPs knowledge is still deficient explaining how characteristics of diagnose, applied procedures, patient group and organizational context influence specific practicing of ICPs. We studied how coordination takes place in three cancer pathways in four Norwegian hospitals. We identified how core contextual variables of cancer pathways affect complexity and predictability of the performance of each pathway. Thus, we also point at differences in core preconditions for accomplishing coordination of the cancer pathways. In addition, the findings show that three different types of coordination dynamics are present in all three pathways to a divergent degree: programmed chains, consultative hubs and problem-solving webs. Pathway coordination also depends on hierarchical interaction. Lack of corresponding roles in the medical–professional and the administrative–institutional logics presents a challenge for coordination, both within and between hospitals. We recommend that further improvement of specific ICPs by paying attention to what should be standardized and what should be kept flexible, aligning semi-formal and formal structures to pathway processes and identify the professional cancer related background and management style required by the key-roles in pathway management.
The Ethics of Dying: Deciphering Pandemic-Resultant Pressures That Influence Elderly Patients’ Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) Decisions
Authors: Khawaja Masud , Khawaja Abdullah
Published: August 2021

The objective of medicine is to provide humans with the best possible health outcomes from the beginning to the end of life. If the continuation of life becomes unbearable, some may evaluate procedures to end their lives prematurely. One such procedure is Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD), and it is hotly contended in many spheres of society. From legal to personal perspectives, there are strong arguments for its implementation and prohibition. This article intends to add to this rich discourse by exploring MAiD in the context of our current pandemic-ridden society as new pressures from social isolation and guilt threaten the autonomy of vulnerable elderly patients. Although autonomy is of chief importance, variables within our current context undermine otherwise independent decisions. Many older individuals are isolated from their social network, resulting in a decline in their mental health. Individuals in such a state are more likely to request a MAiD outcome. Furthermore, overwhelmed healthcare systems may not adequately address this state, which would normally have prompted a mental health intervention. The future of MAiD is far from settled and careful consideration must be given as new contexts come to light, such as those outlined in this paper.
Research on Adolescents Regarding the Indirect Effect of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress between TikTok Use Disorder and Memory Loss
Authors: Sha Peng , Dong Xiaoyu
Published: August 2021

This research involved the participation of 3036 Chinese students in the first and second years of senior high school. The adolescents were active users of TikTok. The mediating effect of depression, anxiety, and stress between TikTok use disorder and memory loss was investigated. A forward and backward digit span test was applied to measure memory loss. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was established, and SPSS Amos was used for analysis. The results show a partial mediation effect of depression and anxiety between TikTok use disorder and forward digit span. A partial mediation effect of depression, anxiety, and stress between TikTok use disorder and backward digit span is also shown. These results also show gender differences. Attention should be given to male students, who have more depression, anxiety, and stress than female students; they also have more memory loss.
A Cardiac Force Index Applied to the G Tolerance Test and Surveillance among Male Military Aircrew
Authors: Chiang Kwo-Tsao , Tu Min-Yu , Lin You-Jin , Hsin Yi-Hsiang , Chiu Yu-Lung , Li Fang-Ling , Chen Hsin-Hui , Lai Chung-Yu
Published: August 2021

Military aircrew are occupationally exposed to a high-G environment. A tolerance test and surveillance is necessary for military aircrew before flight training. A cardiac force index (CFI) has been developed to assess long-distance running by health technology. We added the parameter CFI to the G tolerance test and elucidated the relationship between the CFI and G tolerance. A noninvasive device, BioHarness 3.0, was used to measure heart rate (HR) and activity while resting and walking on the ground. The formula for calculating cardiac function was CFI = weight × activity/HR. Cardiac force ratio (CFR) was calculated by walking CFI (WCFI)/resting CFI (RCFI). G tolerance included relaxed G tolerance (RGT) and straining G tolerance (SGT) tested in the centrifuge. Among 92 male participants, the average of RCFI, WCFI, and CFR were 0.02 ± 0.04, 0.15 ± 0.04, and 10.77 ± 4.11, respectively. Each 100-unit increase in the WCFI increased the RGT by 0.14 G and the SGT by 0.17 G. There was an increased chance of RGT values higher than 5 G and SGT values higher than 8 G according to the WCFI increase. Results suggested that WCFI is positively correlated with G tolerance and has the potential for G tolerance surveillance and programs of G tolerance improvement among male military aircrew.
Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator between Subjective Sleep Quality and Depression during the Confinement Due to COVID-19
Authors: Salguero-Alcañiz María Pilar , Merchán-Clavellino Ana , Alameda-Bailén Jose Ramón
Published: August 2021

In March of 2020, as a consequence of the health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus, the State of Alarm and home confinement of the entire population was imposed in Spain. It is foreseeable that this exceptional situation will have psychological effects on citizens. In this work, the impact of confinement on perceived sleep quality and depression is evaluated through questionnaires, as well as the mediating role of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in this relationship. Our results show, firstly, higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in women and young people associated with poorer perceived sleep quality, and secondly, that Emotional Intelligence intervenes as a mediator in this relationship through three different pathways. Worse perceived quality of sleep causes a greater number of depressive symptoms. In addition, this direct relationship may be enhanced by the mediating role of Emotional Intelligence, which we can express in three different ways: low perceived sleep quality and high emotional attention lead to greater depression; low perceived sleep quality and low emotional clarity increase greater symptoms of depression; and low perceived sleep quality together with low clarity and low emotional repair increase levels of depression. Therefore, we can conclude that improving the skills involved in Emotional Intelligence might increase perceived sleep quality, and thus reduce depressive symptoms, which in turn may improve the quality of life.
Pain Neuroscience Education Combined with Therapeutic Exercises Provides Added Benefit in the Treatment of Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Javdaneh Norollah , Saeterbakken Atle Hole , Shams Arash , Barati Amir Hossein
Published: August 2021

Background: Chronic neck pain is common in the adult general population. Although the etiology of chronic neck pain is under debate, it is clear that chronic neck pain is multifactorial, with both physical and psychosocial contributors. Objective: To determine whether adding pain neuroscience education (PNE) to therapeutic exercises improved their pain–disability index, pain catastrophizing, fear–avoidance beliefs, and pain self-efficacy in subjects with chronic nonspecific neck pain. Methods: This study was a three-arm randomized control trial. Seventy-two patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain were allocated to three groups: therapeutic exercises alone (n = 24), combined (therapeutic exercises + PNE; (n = 24), and a control group (n = 24). Each program took place three times a week, lasting for six weeks. The disability index, pain catastrophizing, fear–avoidance beliefs, and pain self-efficacy measured by the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPAD), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Fear–Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), respectively. Participants were assessed before and after the six-week intervention, and there was no further follow-up. Results: For the outcomes NPAD, PSC, and FABQ, combined intervention demonstrated more significant improvements than therapeutic exercises alone (p ≤ 0.05), whereas no differences were observed between the two intervention groups for PSEQ (p = 0.99). In addition, significant differences were favoring experimental groups versus control for all outcomes (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Therapeutic exercises combined with pain neuroscience education reduced the pain–disability index, pain catastrophizing, and fear–avoidance beliefs more than therapeutic exercises alone in patients with chronic neck pain. For pain self-efficacy, there was no statistically significant difference between the two intervention groups; however, the combined group had a more significant effect than therapeutic exercises alone. Further studies with longer periods and follow-up are required.
Grandparents’ and Grandchildren’s Shared Festive Leisure
Authors: Valdemoros San Emeterio María Ángeles , Ponce de León Elizondo Ana , Alonso Ruiz Rosa Ana , Sáenz de Jubera Ocón Magdalena , Sanz Arazuri Eva
Published: August 2021

Festive leisure provides experiences that can generate intergenerational well-being. The study aimed to examine the festive leisure activities shared by grandparents and grandchildren, and the link with times, spaces, motives, and well-being that these activities bring to both generations. A cross-sectional telematic survey was carried out with 357 grandparents living in the northern part of Spain, who had grandchildren aged between 6 and 12 years. Both a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. A high proportion of grandparents and grandchildren share festive activities, which occur on weekends and holiday periods. Private spaces, such as bars, cafeterias, and restaurants are the ones chosen for going out to eat or drink, and open public spaces like parks, squares, and streets are dedicated to traditional festivals, and are excellent scenarios for coexistence and intergenerational social interaction. The reasons that drive this practice are associated with the strengthening of emotional ties and family intimacy. Grandparents consider the practice of shared festive leisure to be beneficial for their personal development because they perceive that, thanks to this leisure, they improve their creativity, physical condition, their happiness and fun, the relationship with their grandchildren, and develop new manual and technical skills.
The Effects of Reduced Physical Activity on the Lipid Profile in Patients with High Cardiovascular Risk during COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Perrone Marco Alfonso , Feola Alessandro , Pieri Massimo , Donatucci Bruno , Salimei Chiara , Lombardo Mauro , Perrone Andrea , Parisi Attilio
Published: August 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global health problem. In Italy, to limit the infections, the government ordered lockdown from March 2020. This measure, designed to contain the virus, led to serious limitations on the daily life of the individuals it affected, and in particular in the limitation of physical exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reduced physical activity on the lipid profile in patients with high cardiovascular risk. Methods: We enrolled 38 dyslipidemic patients, 56% male, with an age range of 44–62 years, considered to be at high cardiovascular risk. All patients were prescribed statin drug therapy (atorvastatin 40 mg) and a vigorous physical activity program four times a week, 1 h per session. In addition, a personalized Mediterranean diet was prescribed to all the patients. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides were measured in patients at T0 before lockdown and at T1 during lockdown. Results: Data showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in total cholesterol (+6,8%) and LDL (+15,8%). Furthermore, the analysis of the data revealed a reduction in HDL (−3%) and an increase in triglycerides (+3,2%), although both were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study showed that the reduction in physical activity during lockdown led to an increase in LDL levels, and therefore, in the risk of ischemic heart disease in dyslipidemic patients with high cardiovascular risk.
Bibliometric Analysis of Current Status on Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils during 2000–2019
Authors: Song Yingjin , Li Ruiyi , Chen Guanyi , Yan Beibei , Zhong Lei , Wang Yuxin , Li Yihang , Li Jinlei , Zhang Yingxiu
Published: August 2021

Petroleum contaminated soils have become a great concern worldwide. Bioremediation has been widely recognized as one of the most promising technologies and has played an important role in solving the issues of petroleum contaminated soils. In this study, a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer based on Web of Science data was conducted to provide an overview on the field of bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils. A total of 7575 articles were analyzed on various aspects of the publication characteristics, such as publication output, countries, institutions, journals, highly cited papers, and keywords. An evaluating indicator, h-index, was applied to characterize the publications. The pace of publishing in this field increased steadily over last 20 years. China accounted for the most publications (1476), followed by the United States (1032). The United States had the highest h-index (86) and also played a central role in the collaboration network among the most productive countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the institution with the largest number of papers (347) and cooperative relations (52). Chemosphere was the most productive journal (360). Our findings indicate that the influence of developing countries has increased over the years, and researchers tend to publish articles in high-quality journals. At present, mainstream research is centered on biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and biosurfactant application. Combined pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals, microbial diversity monitoring, biosurfactant application, and biological combined remediation technology are considered future research hotspots.
The Significance of Occupants’ Interaction with Their Environment on Reducing Cooling Loads and Dermatological Distresses in East Mediterranean Climates
Authors: Muhaidat Jihan , Albatayneh Aiman , Assaf Mohammed N. , Juaidi Adel , Abdallah Ramez , Manzano-Agugliaro Francisco
Published: August 2021

Global endeavors to respond to the problems caused by climate change and are leading to higher temperatures inside homes, which can cause skin conditions (such as eczema), lethargy, and poor concentration; disturbed sleep and fatigue are also rising. The energy performance of buildings is influenced by interactions and associations of numerous different variables, such as the envelope specifications as well as the design, technologies, apparatuses, and occupant behaviours. This paper introduces simple and sustainable strategies that are not dependent on expensive or sophisticated technologies, as they rely only on the actions practiced by the building’s occupants (movable window shading, and nighttime natural ventilation) instead of completely relying on high-cost mechanical cooling systems in buildings located in the main Eastern Mediterranean climates represented in the country of Jordan. These low-energy solutions could be applied to low-income houses in hot areas to avoid health problems, such as dermatological diseases, and save a significant amount of energy. The final results indicate that window shading has significant potential in reducing the cooling load in different climate zones. Natural ventilation exhibits high energy-saving abilities in climates that have cool nights, whereas its abilities in hot climates where nights are moderate is limited.
Changes in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Admitted to Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Costi Stefania , Tonelli Roberto , Brogneri Antonio , Florini Fabio , Tilocca Nicolò , Vicentini Massimo , Baroncini Serena , Cerulli Massimo , Clini Enrico
Published: August 2021

Aims: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has proven to be effective and beneficial in middle-aged and older patients. However, solid data in large cohorts of elderly individuals are yet to be explored. This retrospective study investigated the general characteristics, outcomes, and the level of response of patients referred to CR over 13 consecutive years. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to Villa Pineta Rehabilitation Hospital for exercise-based CR from 2006 to 2018. The patients’ baseline characteristics and changes following CR in an upper-limb weightlifting test (ULW), 30-s sit-to-stand test (30STS), and the 6-min walking test (6MWT) with associated Borg-related dyspnea (D) and fatigue (F) were collected. We also calculated the number of individuals that reached the minimal clinically relevant change (MCRC) following CR for each outcome. Results: One thousand five hundred and fifty-one patients (70.2 ± 9.7 years, 66% men) with complete datasets were included in the analysis. Coronary artery bypass graft and cardiac valve replacement surgery were the most frequent surgical procedures leading to CR referral (41.1% and 35.8%, respectively). The patients’ age (p = 0.03), number of total comorbidities (p < 0.0001), and post-surgical complications (p = 0.02) significantly increased over time. In contrast, the average absolute changes in ULW, 30STS, and 6MWT with associated D and F, and the proportion of patients that reached their respective MCRC, remained constant over the same period. Conclusion: The patients admitted to exercise-based CR were older and had more comorbidities and complications over time. The outcomes, however, were not influenced in terms of the absolute change or clinically meaningful response.
Using the Reflective Journal to Improve Practical Skills Integrating Affective and Self-Critical Aspects in Impoverished International Environments. A Pilot Test
Authors: Murillo-Llorente María Teresa , Navarro-Martínez Olga , Valle Vanessa Ibáñez-del , Pérez-Bermejo Marcelino
Published: August 2021

The reflective practice journal is a teaching methodology that facilitates the acquisition of professional, attitudinal values and skills, affording comprehensive training by reflecting on experiences that have been lived and showing feelings that, a priori, would be hidden. Our aim was to implement it in the international practicum in impoverished environments as a facilitating instrument of meaningful learning and the acquisition of professional skills, integrating affective and self-critical aspects. The project was developed with Nursing students at Catholic University of Valencia, in an impoverished environment. Qualitative reflections increased, highlighting humanity, closeness and attention focused on health promotion. The quality of the experience was 9.46/10. The mean score in self-criticism and expression was 4.57/5, and the self-evaluation of the acquisition of skills was 9.55/10. The double-blind peer evaluation of the performance of their practices in the international context was 9.68/10. The trust of the students with the teachers was evaluated as 10/10. The reflective practice journal facilitated the progression of learning, self-criticism, and the acquisition of values such as hospitality, the quality of care offered, and respect for customs and beliefs, as well as responsibility in the distribution of available resources and interventions.
The Effects of Waste Cement on the Bioavailability, Mobility, and Leaching of Cadmium in Soil
Authors: Ding Xiuming , Wang Junfeng , Huang Qing , Hu Shan , Wu Yuejun , Wang Luya
Published: August 2021

Waste cement is a construction and demolition waste produced from old buildings’ demolition and transformation. In recent years, the recycling of recycled concrete is limited to the use of recycled aggregate, and the research on the utilization of waste cement in waste concrete is scarce. This study explored the effective application of waste cement for the adsorption of cadmium (Cd2+) from an aqueous solution and the bioavailability and immobility of Cd2+ in soil. Results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of ordinary Portland cement(OPC) paste, fly ash cement (FAC) paste, and zeolite cement (ZEC) paste for Cd2+ were calculated to be 10.97, 9.47, 4.63 mg·g−1, respectively. The possible mechanisms for Cd2+ adsorption in the solution by waste cement mainly involve precipitation by forming insoluble Cd2+ compounds in alkaline conditions, and ion exchange for Cd2+ with the exchangeable calcium ions in waste cement, which were confirmed by XRD and SEM. Results from diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) implied reduction of the Cd2+ mobility. DTPA-extractable Cd2+ decreased by 52, 48 and 46%, respectively, by adding 1% OPC, FAC and ZEC. TCLP-extractable Cd2+ decreased by 89.0, 80.3, and 56.0% after 1% OPC, FAC, and ZEC treatment, respectively. BCR analyses indicate that OPC, FAC, and ZEC applications increased the percentage of Cd2+ in residual fraction and induced a high reduction in the acid-soluble Cd2+ proportion. The leaching column test further confirmed a reduction in Cd2+ mobility by waste cement treated under continuous leaching of simulated acid rain (SAR). Therefore, waste cement exhibited a significant enhancement in the immobilization of Cd2+ under simulated acid rain (SAR) leaching. In summary, the application of alkaline waste cement could substantially remove Cd2+ from wastewater and reduce Cd2+ mobility and bioavailability in contaminated soil.
The Relationship between Energy Poverty and Individual Development: Exploring the Serial Mediating Effects of Learning Behavior and Health Condition
Authors: Xiao Yiming , Wu Han , Wang Guohua , Wang Shangrui
Published: August 2021

Energy poverty has negative impacts on the residents’ life from various aspects. A comprehensive understanding of these impacts is the top priority in energy poverty governance. Previous qualitative studies have shown that energy poverty has the potential to negatively impact the individual development of residents through multiple pathways. However, few scholars have explored this issue from a quantitative perspective. To fill the gaps in existing research, this study aims to examine the impact of energy poverty on individual development and explore the serial mediating effects of learning behavior and health condition in the relationship. A total of 2289 valid samples are obtained from the dataset of Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS 3.5 are used to conduct serial mediating effects analysis. The results show that energy poverty can significantly negatively impact the individual development of residents. Learning behavior and health condition are found to independently or serially mediate the relationship between energy poverty and individual development. Health condition has the stronger mediating effect, whereas the mediating effect of learning behavior is weaker. This study may contribute to a better understanding of the consequences of energy poverty in government and academia.
Effect of Compositions of MRT System Route Maps on Cognitive Mapping
Authors: Zheng Meng-Cong , Liu Yao-Wei
Published: August 2021

Route maps, common in public transportation systems, refer to thematic maps drawn according to topological concepts. To simplify complex route information, a transport network is represented using primary graphic elements. First used in 1931 with topological concepts, the octilinear design has influenced the compositions of traffic route maps to this day. The current study involved cognitive mapping research on a representative route map in Taiwan: the Metro Taipei Route Map. Through two task experiments, this study analyzed users’ cognitive behavior when using the route map and alternative route map representations. The results indicated that the route map composed of all curves resulted in higher user performance than maps using a hybrid system and the conventional octilinear system. The route map based on the hybrid system, which included a route in the shape of a perfect circle, was highly evaluated and subjectively preferred by the users. Thus, the addition of appropriate curves in route maps is beneficial for improving usability, cognitive memory, and subjective evaluation. Finally, adding travel time information to a route map effectively enhances users’ decision-making during route planning.