bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The strengths and difficulties questionnaire self-report: sensitivity and specificity testing to identify conduct problems in Indonesian adolescents
Authors: Luzanil Sonny Tirta , Turnip Sherly Saragih
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been validated as a screening tool for identifying difficulties in adolescents in various countries. According to the results, the SDQ needs clinical evaluations to discriminate between adolescents with and without problems. This study is part of a research group that developed the self-report Indonesian version of the SDQ. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the self-report Indonesian version of the SDQ conduct problems subscale and identify the optimum cut-off score for Indonesian adolescents.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was a double-blind non-experimental study, in which the self-report SDQ score was compared to the diagnostic interview. Participants that completed the SDQ were 708 10th-grade students in Jakarta, with 40 students from the sample randomly selected through the double-blind technique for the diagnostic interview.

Findings

Crosstab’s analysis showed that the SDQ conduct problems subscale had a sensitivity value of 77.3% and a specificity value of 83.3%. Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that the cut-off score of 4 used in this study is ideal for identifying individuals with conduct problems.

Originality/value

The SDQ has good accuracy for screening conduct problems among adolescents. Moreover, it will be helpful for parents, teachers, professionals and adolescents to screening conduct problems.
Effects of luxury brand attachment and perceived envy on schadenfreude: does need for uniqueness moderate?
Authors: Shimul Anwar Sadat , Sung Billy , Phau Ian
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how luxury brand attachment (LBA) and perceived envy may influence schadenfreude. In addition, the moderating influence of consumers’ need for uniqueness (CNFU) and private vs public consumption is examined.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from a consumer panel in Australia. A total of 365 valid and useable responses were analysed through structural equation modelling in AMOS 26.

Findings

The results show that LBA has a significant impact on perceived envy. Consumers’ perceived envy also results in schadenfreude. However, LBA did not have any significant impact on schadenfreude. The moderating influence of CNFU is partially supported. This research further confirms that consumers’ public consumption has more relevance to visible social comparison and potential feelings of malicious envy towards others.

Practical implications

The research model may work as a strategic tool to identify, which group of consumers (e.g. high vs low attachment) displays stronger envy and schadenfreude. Brand managers can also explore the personality traits and psychological dynamics that influence the consumers to express emotional bonds and malicious joy within the context of consumer-brand relationships.

Originality/value

This is one of the first few studies that have examined the relationships amongst consumers’ brand attachment, perceived envy, schadenfreude and need for uniqueness within a luxury branding context.
The content and determinants of CSR anti-corruption disclosure: the case of public-listed companies in Indonesia
Authors: Faisal Faisal , Joseph Corina , Saputri Andriani , Prastiwi Andri
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the content and determinants of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) anti-corruption disclosures (ACDs) of public-listed Indonesian companies using institutional and legitimacy theories.

Design/methodology/approach

A content analysis method is used to extract the anti-corruption information in the annual reports. This study uses 40 checklist items developed and used by prior studies to measure the extent of CSR ACD. Univariate and multivariate analyses are applied to examine the determinants of ACD.

Findings

The results show that the disclosure level of anti-corruption is considerably satisfactory at 44.9%. The whistle-blowing theme is the most frequently reported. Size of firm and industry type have significant effects on ACD. Surprisingly, the findings show that government ownership has a negative effect on ACD.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited to one year of observation and is therefore unable to capture changes in the level of disclosure due to policy changes. The results of this study help anti-corruption decision-makers by taking into account the company’s legitimacy and isomorphic factors when formulating ACD policies and efforts that could be made to promote greater disclosure of anti-corruption information.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the discourse of CSR by providing a more comprehensive extent and more determinants of ACD practice in an emerging country from the lens of legitimacy and institutional theories.
Diversity, equity and inclusion: organizational strategies during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lamba Sangeeta , Omary M. Bishr , Strom Brian L.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented health, economic and social ramifications. Cumulative stressors for healthcare organizations during the pandemic have an impact on the morale of the workforce. The impact of magnified health disparities with ongoing disproportionate loss of lives of people of color combined with the racial injustices has left many colleagues and communities traumatized and seeking solutions. This is a moment in time for organizations to lean into the strengths of their diversity leadership to strengthen a culture of inclusion and build resilience for their employees.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use an organizational case study to describe the initiatives and experiences related to fostering a culture of inclusion and belonging at an academic health center during the initial epicenter of the pandemic.

Findings

The authors weekly community building virtual cafes, leveraging funding for diversity initiatives and visible ways to showcase the work of colleagues have been feasible, sustainable and had positive outcomes. Similar processes may assist other institutions and organizations seeking to enhance efforts for inclusion while distancing.

Research limitations/implications

Strategies described are generalizable but the authors report on one organization's experience.

Originality/value

Intentional strategies that help build a deeper sense of community are essential for institutions during the disruption of pandemic related physical distancing. Inclusive decisions anchored in equity and inclusion as core institutional values will be essential to sustain resilience as the authors seek to build the new “equitable” normal.
Lean maintenance index: a measure of leanness in maintenance organizations
Authors: Singha Mahapatra Maheswar , Shenoy Dinesh
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Maintenance organizations continue to be under pressure to systematically eliminate maintenance wastes and deliver services that their customers value. To this end, maintenance managers are implementing lean maintenance practices. But how does one consistently estimate the leanness of these practices in their organization? The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for a metrics – referred to as the lean maintenance index (LMI) that can help managers estimate the leanness of maintenance practices.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a comprehensive review of literature in the domain, this study identifies four factors and nineteen subfactors that are essential for the success of a lean maintenance program. A fuzzy-set-theory-based assessment framework is developed that can be used by an in-house team to measure the degree of implementation of lean maintenance practices in their organization. The authors applied the framework to a maintenance workshop that services diesel engines and other prime movers.

Findings

The framework provides maintenance managers valuable insights to help identify the strengths and weaknesses of their organization vis-à-vis their maintenance practices, thus enabling them come up with a firm action plan for future process improvements.

Originality/value

This paper adapts the concept of agility and readiness to maintenance work. A key contribution of this study is the identification of factors and subfactors that forms the basis to estimate the leanness of maintenance practices in an organization. Another contribution is its application to a large maintenance workshop that demonstrates the ease of its implementation. Future research in this area can help identify more factors and subfactors and thus improve the estimation of leanness.
Maintaining AACSB international accreditation: from basics to best practices
Authors: McIntyre Faye S. , Gilbert Faye W.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

A truly successful continuous improvement review (CIR) visit does more than merely check the boxes for a positive recommendation. It builds the story of the school and should be an opportunity for its culture to shine through. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to facilitate a successful CIR visit by moving from the basics of accreditation to understanding, implementing and “living” best practices.

Design/methodology/approach

Short tenure and high turnover among business school deans, mean that the majority of those leading the CIR may have no previous experience with the process.

Findings

This study begins by providing an overview of the role of accreditation and the role of the dean in the accreditation process. With a combined experience of over 35 years in the dean role and having served on or chaired over 35 accreditation visits, the authors share their experiences and offer a seven-step process for understanding and implementing best practices in the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accreditation process.

Originality/value

The suggestions offered in this study should help schools enhance long-term positive outcomes and serve as a guide to those navigating the CIR process.
Pragmatic evaluation of transdisciplinary research on gender equity in the New Zealand public service
Authors: Parker Jane , Young-Hauser Amanda , Sayers Janet , Loga Patricia , Paea Selu , Barnett Shirley
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Despite the need for such, little scholarly attention has been paid to transdisciplinary enquiry into gender inequities in workplaces. The authors provide a pragmatic evaluation of the transdisciplinary research (TDR) model by Hallet al.(2012) for framing the study of this societal issue, shedding light on the challenges, principles and values that could usefully inform subsequent TDR in organisational settings.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper evaluates the model in relation to TDR on gender inequities in New Zealand's public service by Hallet al.(2012) Content analysis on our reflective narratives from research team meetings, email exchanges, informal discussions and a workshop reveals TDR study insights. Findings show support for the model and its four broad phases and surface principles and values for applied TDR enquiry that addresses societal challenges in the organisational context.

Findings

The adoption of a TDR model to examine a study of equity in the public service revealed practical and conceptual challenges, encouraging ongoing reflection and adaptive behaviour on the researchers' part. The pragmatic evaluation also highlighted environmental constraints on undertaking TDR, with implications for the ambition of future studies.

Research limitations/implications

This evaluative enquiry encourages similar research in other organisational and national settings to validate the use of TDR to gain insightful, contextualised understandings of social challenges centred in the organisational setting.

Practical implications

This pragmatic evaluation of a TDR model's capacity to approximate the approach and phases of our applied enquiry lays the groundwork to refining TDR approaches used in subsequent studies aimed at addressing societal issues in the organisational setting.

Social implications

This paper can potentially promote greater collaboration between research scholars and other stakeholders wanting to develop TDR paradigms and applied enquiry that can meaningfully inform workplace and societal impacts.

Originality/value

This pragmatic evaluation of a TDR approach involves its initial application to the study of equity at work and develops principles and values that could inform TDR paradigms and methodologies of subsequent enquiries in the field.
Empirical research on the relationships between demand- and supply-side risk management practices and their impact on business performance
Authors: Sturm Sebastian , Hohenstein Nils-Ole , Birkel Hendrik , Kaiser Gernot , Hartmann Evi
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This paper integrates research on demand- and supply-side risk management practices to better explain how to achieve competitive advantage in dynamic business conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a model linking supply chain flexibility, agility, robustness and resilience and to investigate its relationships and impact on business performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct a review of existing literature to derive their hypotheses and operationalize the respective constructs. The formulated research model is then validated applying partial least squares structural equation modeling on survey data from 89 multi-national companies based in Europe.

Findings

The authors find a significant positive relationship between supply chain flexibility and supply chain agility as well as supply chain robustness and supply chain resilience, respectively. Additionally, it is argued that supply chain flexibility, agility and resilience have significant positive impact on individual dimensions of business performance.

Originality/value

The relationships between supply chain flexibility, agility, robustness, resilience and business performance are investigated and empirically validated altogether in a single model for the first time, providing a clear separation of these terms and shedding further light on the management of supply chain risks.
Homotopy scattering series for seismic forward modelling with variable density and velocity
Authors: Xiang Kui , Eikrem Kjersti Solberg , Jakobsen Morten , Nævdal Geir
Published: September 2021

We have derived a convergent scattering series solution for the frequency‐domain wave equation in acoustic media with variable density and velocity. The convergent scattering series solution is based on the homotopy analysis of a vectorial integral equation of the Lippmann–Schwinger type. By using the Green's function and partial integration, we have derived the vectorial integral equation of the Lippmann–Schwinger type that involves the pressure gradient field as well as the pressure field from the wave equation. The vectorial Lippmann–Schwinger equation can in principle be solved via matrix inversion, but the computational cost of matrix inversion scales like , where is the number of grid blocks. The computational cost can be significantly reduced if one solves the vectorial Lippmann–Schwinger equation iteratively. A simple iterative solution is the Born series, but it is only convergent when the scattering potential is sufficiently small. In this study, we have used the so‐called homotopy analysis method to derive an iterative solution for the vectorial Lippmann–Schwinger equation which can be made convergent even in strongly scattering media. The computational cost of our convergent scattering series scales as . Our algorithm, which is based on the homotopy analysis method, involves a convergence control operator that we select using hierarchical matrices. We use a three‐layer model and a resampled version of the SEG/EAGE salt model to show the performance of the developed convergent scattering series.
Do you know what you are reading for? Exploring the effects of a task model enhancement on fifth graders' purposeful reading
Authors: Ayroles Julie , Potocki Anna , Ros Christine , Cerdán Raquel , Britt M. Anne , Rouet Jean‐François
Published: September 2021

Background

Drawing on theories of purposeful reading, this study explored task conditions that support fifth graders' selective reading of documents in order to answer questions. More specifically, we investigated whether promoting students' elaboration of their task model increases task performance.

Methods

Participants had to answer series of questions by searching documents for the relevant information. Half the participants received a task model prompt, and half received a control prompt. Participants' eye movements were recorded during text search, in order to investigate more precisely the effect of an enhanced task model.

Results

Participants provided more correct answers in the task model condition than in the control condition, but there was no difference in response time. Unexpectedly, eye movement analysis did not reveal any differences between conditions concerning the number of visits and visit time to relevant and irrelevant areas of the document.

Conclusions

A better representation of the information to be searched facilitated students' identification of relevant information. Unexpectedly, however, the task conditions did not result in any significant difference in students' patterns of document search.

Highlights

What is already know about this topic

Experienced readers adapt their behaviour to task demands.

Purposeful reading is challenging for children, but little is known about how to support them.

What this paper adds

This study highlights the importance of constructing a coherent task model in order to answer specific questions from text

This study reports eye movement data about the selective reading patterns of a population seldom studied in this domain (i.e., children).

Implications for theory, policy or practice

This study offers a means to enhance purposeful reading that is easily applicable in a classroom situation.
Improving Consumers’ Understanding and Use of Carbon Footprint Labels on Food: Proposal for a Climate Score Label
Authors: Lemken Dominic , Zühlsdorf Anke , Spiller Achim
Published: September 2021

Today, the food sector is largely excluded from climate protection policies. Nevertheless, the food sector is responsible for about 20 per cent of greenhouse gases. Food policies could substantially contribute to the EU’s ambitious climate goals. Currently, the debate on CO2‐e labelling is gaining momentum. Consumers know very little about the climate footprint associated with food choices. A climate label would strengthen consumer knowledge, may eventually influence food choices, could trigger reformulation efforts, raises awareness, and contribute to better informed discussions about climate policy. Based on a review of the current state of research and industry developments on designing CO2 footprint labels, this article provides recommendations on how to develop a clearly understood and trustworthy label. We propose a government approved, multi‐level, and categorical CO2‐e label, with colour coding and numeric CO2 equivalents; primarily based initially on median values. The design of the label should allow for an adoption of other environmental dimensions in the future. It should be scaled to weight (CO2‐e per kg) and apply to food products and meals. In the proposed form, a CO2‐e label is a low‐cost instrument. As more and more companies are already starting to label their products in different ways, consumer confusion is likely to rise if no uniform guidelines are established.
Effect of fatty acid saturation on gel properties of salt‐soluble protein in pork
Authors: Shi Lishuang , Zheng Jinyue , Liu Sinong , Gao Yang , Shao Jun‐Hua
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fatty acid saturation (oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid) on water distribution, migration, and gel properties of pork salt‐soluble protein, by detected indicators that are Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), water‐holding capacity (WHC), and gel strength. These results suggested that the WHC and gel strength decreased with the decrease of fatty acid saturation (p < 0.05). LF‐NMR analysis revealed that the relaxation time T21 and T22 decrease (p < 0.05) with the decrease of fatty acid saturation. Results also showed that the T21 increased and T23 decreased in linolenic acid group compared with oleic acid group. Meanwhile, the peak area ratio of P21 and P22 decreased (p < 0.05), while P23 increased (p < 0.05). Therefore, the saturation of fatty acids had a great influence on the gel properties of protein.

Practical Application

It provides a theoretical basis for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids emulsified gel meat products and promotes the development of meat processing industry.
Weather shocks, traders' expectations, and food prices
Authors: Letta Marco , Montalbano Pierluigi , Pierre Guillaume
Published: September 2021

The empirical literature on the impacts of weather shocks on agricultural prices typically explores post‐harvest price dynamics rather than pre‐harvest ones. Inspired by the intra‐annual competitive storage theory, we empirically investigate the role of weather news in traders' anticipations on pre‐harvest price fluctuations in India's local markets. Using a panel of district‐level monthly wholesale food prices from 2004 to 2017, we leverage the time lag between a weather anomaly and the corresponding supply shock to isolate price reactions caused by changes in expectations. We find that drought conditions significantly increase food prices during the growing period, that is before any harvest failure has materialized. These results suggest that markets respond immediately to expected supply shortfalls by updating their beliefs and adapting accordingly and that the expectation channel accounts for a substantial share of supply‐side food price shocks. A direct comparison with the effects of the same weather anomalies on the prices of the first harvest month reveals that expectations anticipate more than 80% of the total price impact.
Sunflower’s Oakland: The Black Geographic Image as a Site of Reclamation
Authors: Heitz Kaily
Published: September 2021

Development campaigns in Oakland, California advance gentrification in the city through the use of Black visual cultures. Black communities that produce this culture are in turn displaced by processes of gentrification. This article proposes two concepts, the “Black geographic image” and “emancipatory framing”, to explain methods for interrupting this visual exploitation and reclaiming space for Black visual culture in Oakland. I analyse the connections between visual aesthetics, geography, and racialised identities by drawing on ethnographic interviews and the photographic works of Oakland artist and entrepreneur, Sunflower Love. I suggest that her photos exemplify a Black geographic image‐making process; these images rebuke a two‐dimensional production of space in favour of a trialectic form of representation that highlights the value of a Black experience of place. How Sunflower uses these images to advance her business is a form of emancipatory framing, in which she unsettles hegemonic racialising images while still working within capitalistic strictures to generate income for herself. The paper concludes by arguing that these visual negotiations are integral to ongoing contestations over the identity of, and therefore spatio‐political claims to, Oakland as a Black city.
The Labouring Practices of Jobless Degree Holders: Rethinking Work, Productivity, and Labour in a Small Hill Town in North India
Authors: Deuchar Andrew
Published: September 2021

This article critiques productivist and wage‐centric conceptualisations of labour by analysing the labouring practices of jobless degree holders in the Indian Himalayas. I draw on ethnographic material to illuminate how young men developed forms of unpaid labour that centred skills associated with their educational credentials. Educated youth were able to produce positive reputations through their labour and made sense of their activities as making a social contribution to others. Yet their labouring practices also affirmed dominant modes of masculinity and reinscribed patriarchal gender relations. While jobless degree holders were excluded from the kinds of jobs they desired, I argue that they were able to yield status and respect by embodying competencies that white collar jobs demanded. Situating jobless degree holders within productive relations creates scope for illuminating how they attempt to assert their productive capacities in the face of long‐term unemployment.
Molecular profiling in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: why so many types of subtypes?
Authors: Morin Ryan D. , Arthur Sarah E. , Hodson Daniel J.
Published: September 2021

The term diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) includes a heterogeneous collection of biologically distinct tumours. This heterogeneity currently presents a barrier to the successful deployment of novel, biologically targeted therapies. Molecular profiling studies have recently proposed new molecular classification systems. These have the potential to resolve the biological heterogeneity of DLBCL into manageable subgroups of tumours that rely on shared oncogenic programmes. In many cases these biological programmes straddle the boundaries of our existing systems for classifying B‐cell lymphomas. Here we review the findings from these major molecular profiling studies with a specific focus on those that propose new genetic subgroups of DLBCL. We highlight the areas of consensus and discordance between these studies and discuss the implications for current clinical practice and for clinical trials. Finally, we address the outstanding challenges and solutions to the introduction of genomic subtyping and precision medicine in DLBCL.
The effect of a physical activity consultation in the management of adolescent excess weight: Results from a non‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Videira‐Silva Antonio , Hetherington‐Rauth Megan , Sardinha Luís B. , Fonseca Helena
Published: September 2021

The value of physical activity (PA) counselling and its impact on PA behaviour and weight management have been in question. The main aim of this study was to analyse 6 and 12‐month effects of a PA consultation (PAC—a structured form of PA counselling) with and without the inclusion of structured exercise, on body mass index (BMI) z‐score, body composition and PA levels of adolescents with excess weight (BMI ≥p85), as part of a clinical multicomponent weight management program. Participants were allocated at baseline into a control (CG—standard care, including paediatric and nutrition consultations) and two experimental groups (EGI and EGII). Both EG's were exposed to standard care plus PAC for 12 months. During the first 6 months, EGII additionally participated in two weekly exercise sessions. From 165 participants recruited, 102 completed the intervention (CG n = 28, EGI n = 36 and EGII n = 38). According to generalized estimating equations, at 6 months both EG's improved (p < 0.05) their BMI z‐score, waist‐height ratio (WHtR), body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, sedentary time and moderate‐vigorous PA (MVPA) compared to CG. Further improvements were observed in BMI z‐score between 6 and 12 months in EG's compared to CG. At 6 months, EGII showed a higher (p < 0.05) increase in MVPA compared to EGI, and EGI a higher decrease in WHtR. No other differences were found between EG's. This study suggests that PAC is a time‐effective approach to improve BMI z‐score, body composition and PA levels in adolescents with excess weight, even without the inclusion of structured exercise.
Who is a typical woman? Exploring variation in how race biases representations of gender across development
Authors: Leshin Rachel A. , Lei Ryan F. , Byrne Magnolia , Rhodes Marjorie
Published: September 2021

From early in development, race biases how children think about gender—often in a manner that treats Black women as less typical and representative of women in general than White or Asian women. The present study (N = 89, ages 7–11; predominately Hispanic, White, and multi‐racial children) examined the generalizability of this phenomenon across middle childhood and the mechanisms underlying variability in its development. Replicating prior work, children were slower and less accurate to categorize the gender of Black women compared to Asian or White women, as well as compared to Black men, suggesting that children perceived Black women as less representative of their gender. These effects were robust across age within a racially and ethnically diverse sample of children. Children's tendencies to view their own racial identities as expansive and flexible, however, attenuated these effects: Children with more flexible racial identities also had gender concepts that were more inclusive of Black women. In contrast, the tendency for race to bias children's gender representations was unrelated to children's multiple classification skill and racial essentialism. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying variation in how race biases gender across development, with critical implications for how children's own identities shape the development of intergroup cognition and behavior.
Salidroside attenuates cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of diabetes
Authors: Hao Weiwei , Li Na , Mi Caifeng , Wang Qiang , Yu Yuanyuan
Published: September 2021

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of salidroside on diabetes‐induced cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Sprague–Dawley rats treated with 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) on a daily basis were used to establish the diabetic rat model (blood glucose levels >13.9 mmol/L). Cardiac functions of diabetic rats were evaluated by their haemodynamic alterations. Western blot assay was performed to evaluate the protein levels of multiple signalling pathway factors. Quantitative real‐time PCR assay was performed to investigate the inflammation and oxidative stress of diabetic rats.

Results

Salidroside treatment improved the cardiac functions of diabetic rats. In addition, salidroside therapy attenuated the cardiac oxidative stress induced by diabetes. Salidroside inhibited the diabetes‐induced inflammation in diabetic rat hearts. The apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was also alleviated by the treatment of salidroside. Salidroside also upregulated the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, ACC, TSC2 and RAPTOR.

Conclusion

Salidroside exerts protective effects against diabetes‐induced cardiac dysfunction by modulating the mTOR and AMPK signalling pathways.
The BDNF val66met polymorphism is associated with decreased use of landmarks and decreased fMRI activity in the hippocampus during virtual navigation
Authors: West Greg L. , Konishi Kyoko , MacDonald Kathleen , Ni Anjie , Joober Ridha , Bohbot Veronique D.
Published: September 2021

People can navigate in a new environment using multiple strategies dependent on different memory systems. A series of studies have dissociated between hippocampus‐dependent ‘spatial’ navigation and habit‐based ‘response’ learning mediated by the caudate nucleus. The val66met polymorphism of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene leads to decreased secretion of BDNF in the brain, including the hippocampus. Here, we aim to investigate the role of the BDNF val66met polymorphism on virtual navigation behaviour and brain activity in healthy older adults. A total of 139 healthy older adult participants (mean age = 65.8 ± 4.4 years) were tested in this study. Blood samples were collected, and BDNF val66met genotyping was performed. Participants were divided into two genotype groups: val homozygotes and met carriers. Participants were tested on virtual dual‐solution navigation tasks in which they could use either a hippocampus‐dependent spatial strategy or a caudate nucleus‐dependent response strategy to solve the task. A subset of the participants (n = 66) were then scanned in a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner while engaging in another dual‐solution navigation task. BDNF val/val individuals and met carriers did not differ in learning performance. However, the two BDNF groups differed in learning strategy. BDNF val/val individuals relied more on landmarks to remember target locations (i.e., increased use of flexible spatial learning), while met carriers relied more on sequences and patterns to remember target locations (i.e., increased use of inflexible response learning). Additionally, BDNF val/val individuals had more fMRI activity in the hippocampus compared with BDNF met carriers during performance on the navigation task. This is the first study to show in older adults that BDNF met carriers use alternate learning strategies from val/val individuals and to identify differential brain activation of this behavioural difference between the two groups.
Neonatal 6‐OHDA lesion of the SNc induces striatal compensatory sprouting from surviving SNc dopaminergic neurons without VTA contribution
Authors: Tanguay William , Ducrot Charles , Giguère Nicolas , Bourque Marie‐Josée , Trudeau Louis‐Eric
Published: September 2021

Dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are uniquely vulnerable to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesize that their large axonal arbor is a key factor underlying their vulnerability, due to increased bioenergetic, proteostatic and oxidative stress. In keeping with this model, other DAergic populations with smaller axonal arbors are mostly spared during the course of PD and are more resistant to experimental lesions in animal models. Aiming to improve mouse PD models, we examined if neonatal partial SNc lesions could lead to adult mice with fewer SNc DA neurons that are endowed with larger axonal arbors because of compensatory mechanisms. We injected 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) unilaterally in the SNc at an early postnatal stage at a dose selected to induce loss of approximately 50% of SNc DA neurons. We find that at 10 and 90 days after the lesion, the axons of SNc DA neurons show massive compensatory sprouting, as revealed by the proportionally smaller decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum compared with the loss of SNc DA neuron cell bodies. The extent and origin of this axonal sprouting was further investigated by AAV‐mediated expression of eYFP in SNc or ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons of adult mice. Our results reveal that SNc DA neurons have the capacity to substantially increase their axonal arbor size and suggest that mice designed to have reduced numbers of SNc DA neurons could potentially be used to develop better mouse models of PD, with elevated neuronal vulnerability.
Predicting how climate change threatens the prey base of Arctic marine predators
Authors: Florko Katie R. N. , Tai Travis C. , Cheung William W. L. , Ferguson Steven H. , Sumaila U. Rashid , Yurkowski David J. , Auger‐Méthé Marie
Published: September 2021

Arctic sea ice loss has direct consequences for predators. Climate‐driven distribution shifts of native and invasive prey species may exacerbate these consequences. We assessed potential changes by modelling the prey base of a widely distributed Arctic predator (ringed seal; Pusa hispida) in a sentinel area for change (Hudson Bay) under high‐ and low‐greenhouse gas emission scenarios from 1950 to 2100. All changes were relatively negligible under the low‐emission scenario, but under the high‐emission scenario, we projected a 50% decline in the abundance of the well‐distributed, ice‐adapted and energy‐rich Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and an increase in the abundance of smaller temperate‐associated fish in southern and coastal areas. Furthermore, our model predicted that all fish species declined in mean body size, but a 29% increase in total prey biomass. Declines in energy‐rich prey and restrictions in their spatial range are likely to have cascading effects on Arctic predators.
The bright and dark sides of CEO hubris: Assessing cultural distance in international business
Authors: Picone Pasquale Massimo , Pisano Vincenzo , Dagnino Giovanni Battista
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to enrich the behavioral theory of international business strategy by investigating how CEO hubris (i.e., excess pride and confidence) affects international strategic choices, that is, location selection, entry timing, and modes of entry into the target market. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between cultural distance and international strategic choices and consider hubris as a mechanism that influences CEOs' decisions. Our conceptual framework recognizes that the performance of international strategies managed by hubristic CEOs is extremely volatile. On the one hand, we corroborate the idea that hubris has a dark side that may lead to pernicious outcomes. On the other hand, we recognize a bright side of hubris related to the consideration that overconfidence may sometimes be seen as a necessary CEO quality that in turn differentiates one firm from the others.
Free‐ranging male northern map turtles use public information when interacting with potential mates
Authors: Bulté Grégory , Huneault Brooke , Blouin‐Demers Gabriel
Published: September 2021

Sperm competition is prevalent in animals, and many adaptations have evolved to reduce its risk. Males can reduce the risk of sperm competition by using public information when interacting with potential mates. Specifically, males can reduce sperm competition by avoiding females already affiliated with rival males. We tested this hypothesis in a population of wild northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica), a gregarious species with seemingly prevalent sperm competition. We used 3D‐printed decoys and underwater videography to record the response of free‐ranging males to female decoys affiliated or not with rivals. More visits were made by males to female decoys when rivals were present, suggesting a form of eavesdropping during mate selection. Males were more likely to interact with the female decoy, however, when rivals were absent, suggesting that they behave to reduce sperm competition. Moreover, the types of interactions differed between the accompanied and the unaccompanied female decoys, indicating an audience effect during male–female interactions. Finally, males interacted more with the male decoys than with the female decoys in the treatment with rivals, indicating a yet unclear form of male–male interaction. Collectively, our results suggest that free‐ranging male northern map turtles use public information for mate selection and to reduce sperm competition.
AgRP neurons: Regulators of feeding, energy expenditure, and behavior
Authors: Deem Jennifer D. , Faber Chelsea L. , Morton Gregory J.
Published: September 2021

Neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that express agouti‐related peptide (AgRP) govern a critical aspect of survival: the drive to eat. Equally important to survival is the timing at which food is consumed—seeking or eating food to alleviate hunger in the face of a more pressing threat, like the risk of predation, is clearly maladaptive. To ensure optimal prioritization of behaviors within a given environment, therefore, AgRP neurons must integrate signals of internal need states with contextual environmental cues. In this state‐of‐the‐art review, we highlight recent advances that extend our understanding of AgRP neurons, including the neural circuits they engage to regulate feeding, energy expenditure, and behavior. We also discuss key findings that illustrate how both classical feedback and anticipatory feedforward signals regulate this neuronal population and how the integration of these signals may be disrupted in states of energy excess. Finally, we examine both technical and conceptual challenges facing the field moving forward.
Fostering motivation and creativity through self‐publishing as project‐based learning in the Italian L2 classroom
Authors: Amorati Riccardo , Hajek John
Published: September 2021

This article presents the results of a mixed‐method study that investigated the impact of an innovative project‐based learning module, entitled “I am an author,” on students' motivation and creativity, and also examined its positive and negative aspects emerging from students' evaluations. As part of this module, advanced learners of Italian are required to write and self‐publish a short, fully illustrated children's story in Italian. The results suggest that while students encountered some problems during the activity, overall the project had a positive impact on their intrinsic motivation—linked to the opportunity to use the language to target a nonacademic audience and to their investment in a personally relevant and world relevant task—and also helped them develop their creative skills. This study adds to scholarship on the effectiveness of experiential learning through a targeted project‐based activity and paves the way for future development of and research on the project.
Stability of tropical forest tree carbon‐water relations in a rainfall exclusion treatment through shifts in effective water uptake depth
Authors: Pivovaroff Alexandria L. , McDowell Nate G. , Rodrigues Tayana Barrozo , Brodribb Tim , Cernusak Lucas A. , Choat Brendan , Grossiord Charlotte , Ishida Yoko , Jardine Kolby J. , Laurance Susan , Leff Riley , Li Weibin , Liddell Michael , Mackay D. Scott , Pacheco Heather , Peters Jennifer , de J. Sampaio Filho Israel , Souza Daisy C. , Wang Wenzhi , Zhang Peipei , Chambers Jeff
Published: September 2021

Increasing severity and frequency of drought is predicted for large portions of the terrestrial biosphere, with major impacts already documented in wet tropical forests. Using a 4‐year rainfall exclusion experiment in the Daintree Rainforest in northeast Australia, we examined canopy tree responses to reduced precipitation and soil water availability by quantifying seasonal changes in plant hydraulic and carbon traits for 11 tree species between control and drought treatments. Even with reduced soil volumetric water content in the upper 1 m of soil in the drought treatment, we found no significant difference between treatments for predawn and midday leaf water potential, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, foliar stable carbon isotope composition, leaf mass per area, turgor loss point, xylem vessel anatomy, or leaf and stem nonstructural carbohydrates. While empirical measurements of aboveground traits revealed homeostatic maintenance of plant water status and traits in response to reduced soil moisture, modeled belowground dynamics revealed that trees in the drought treatment shifted the depth from which water was acquired to deeper soil layers. These findings reveal that belowground acclimation of tree water uptake depth may buffer tropical rainforests from more severe droughts that may arise in future with climate change.
Experimental warming and its legacy effects on root dynamics following two hurricane disturbances in a wet tropical forest
Authors: Yaffar Daniela , Wood Tana E. , Reed Sasha C. , Branoff Benjamin L. , Cavaleri Molly A. , Norby Richard J.
Published: September 2021

Tropical forests are expected to experience unprecedented warming and increases in hurricane disturbances in the coming decades; yet, our understanding of how these productive systems, especially their belowground component, will respond to the combined effects of varied environmental changes remains empirically limited. Here we evaluated the responses of root dynamics (production, mortality, and biomass) to soil and understory warming (+4°C) and after two consecutive tropical hurricanes in our in situ warming experiment in a tropical forest of Puerto Rico: Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE). We collected minirhizotron images from three warmed plots and three control plots of 12 m2. Following Hurricanes Irma and María in September 2017, the infrared heater warming treatment was suspended for repairs, which allowed us to explore potential legacy effects of prior warming on forest recovery. We found that warming significantly reduced root production and root biomass over time. Following hurricane disturbance, both root biomass and production increased substantially across all plots; the root biomass increased 2.8‐fold in controls but only 1.6‐fold in previously warmed plots. This pattern held true for both herbaceous and woody roots, suggesting that the consistent antecedent warming conditions reduced root capacity to recover following hurricane disturbance. Root production and mortality were both related to soil ammonium nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen before and after the hurricanes. This experiment has provided an unprecedented look at the complex interactive effects of disturbance and climate change on the root component of a tropical forested ecosystem. A decrease in root production in a warmer world and slower root recovery after a major hurricane disturbance, as observed here, are likely to have longer‐term consequences for tropical forest responses to future global change.
TiO2 film on copper: Effects of the temperature and the intermediate layer of nickel on adhesion and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Laamari Meriem , Ben Youssef Adel , Bousselmi Latifa
Published: September 2021

The deposition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on copper (Cu) substrate was performed by electrophoresis in an aqueous medium. The samples obtained were then calcined at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 550°C with a pitch of 50°C. After calcinations at 500°C and 550°C, the TiO2 film blackened and detached from the substrate. The XRD analyzes confirmed the formation of copper oxide at 350°C. The photocatalytic test carried out with amido black 10B (AB) under ultraviolet (UV) radiations showed that the percentage of discoloration decreases by increasing the calcination temperature. Moreover, the results obtained by the scratch test demonstrated that the samples exhibited poor adhesion. In order to improve the film adhesion and to avoid the formation of copper oxide, we introduced a nickel (Ni) layer. Afterward, the TiO2/Ni/Cu sample was calcined at 550°C, which allowed eliminating the forms of copper oxide, on the one hand, and improving the adhesion of the film, on the other hand. The rate of AB discoloration with TiO2/Ni/Cu sample was 25.54%, which is close to that of TiO2/Cu calcined at 450°C.
Predicting the different progressions of early pressure injury by ultraviolet photography in rat models
Authors: Xu Huiwen , Wang Yanwei , Takashi En , Kamijo Akio , Miura Daiji , Karasawa Kunie , Kitayama Akio , Lu Jian , Zhang Lan
Published: September 2021

Early pressure injury (PI) can result in either spontaneous healing (SH) or deterioration into ulcer (DU). However, determining whether PI will progress into SH or DU on the basis of non‐blanchable erythema only is difficult. In this study, we constructed two animal PI models to mimic SH and DU injuries and observed haemorrhage by using ultraviolet (UV) photography to develop potential clinical indicators for predicting the progression of early PI. Macroscopy, UV photography, and skin temperature observations were obtained. In the SH group, macroscopic observation showed the erythema was obvious at 0.5 hours after decompression and faded gradually had almost disappeared at 72 hours. In the DU group, the erythema persisted, and an erosion appeared at 24 hours after decompression and expanded at 36 hours. The erythema developed into an obvious ulcer at 48 hours and enlarged at 72 hours. The obvious ulcer found at 48 hours through macroscopic observation was clearly visible at 36 hours with UV photography, and a significant difference in grey values between the two groups was found at as early as 18 hours (P < .05). This study provided evidence showing that UV photography can predict the different progression stages of early PI. Additionally, when combined with the transparent disc method, UV photography also can be used to identify the circulatory disorders of early PI, such as haemorrhage or hyperaemia and even congestion.