bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metformin and Other Sulfonylureas for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu & Kashmir
Authors: Mohd Altaf Dar  , Mudasir Maqbool  , Irfat Ara
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease that causes high blood sugar levels and a wide range of symptoms, including polydipsia, polyuria, and changes in weight. The A1C level is very important when it comes to the main treatment for diabetes. It's called the A1C level because it shows the average blood glucose level over the last two to three months. People with diabetes are treated with lifestyle changes and a combination of pharmacological agents to keep their blood sugar levels in check for a long time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the information about Metformin and other Sulfonylureas for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu & Kashmir.

METHODS

A 4 month-long observational study was set up with a prospective design and a convenient sampling method. From a diabetes clinic in Jammu and Kashmir, 200 people were chosen to be part of the study. People between the ages of 20 and 60 who had diabetes and were taking Metformin and Sulfonylureas were included in this study. People who had Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and Cognitive impairment were not included.

RESULTS

In our study, 34 percent of the people who went to the Diabetic Management Center of the hospital were men, and 66 percent were women. Out of 200 patients, 85 percent of them had time to exercise, 56 percent had diabetes because it ran in their families, and 44 percent had diabetes because of metabolic causes. Metformin was given to about 80% of the patients, and sulfonylureas were used by only 20% of the people. In a very bad situation, out of 50 people who took the survey, only 5% used insulin. HbA1C tests were ordered for 90% of the patients in the group of 200.

CONCLUSIONS

All over the world, people are suffering from type II diabetes. Several other metabolic disorders are linked to type II diabetes. Excessive hepatic glucose generation, peripheral insulin resistance, and impaired beta-cell secretory activity are the primary pathological abnormalities in diabetes. When it comes to glycemic control, Metformin does not raise insulin levels, but it does reduce the amount of glucose absorbed from the intestines. Sulfonylureas reduce hypoglycemia in metabolic disorders.
Presentismo e obesidade: entre memórias, testemunhos e histórias de vida
Authors: Martins da Quinta Alves da Silva Mayara , Rocha Pessoa Temer Ana Carolina
Published: June 2023

Este ensaio teórico demarca conceitualmente a importância de se acessar os sentidos da saúde por meio de histórias de vida. A intenção é demonstrar de forma teórica a justificativa, o porquê desta necessidade latente de transformar memórias em narrativas de histórias de vida, aqui especialmente se tratando de histórias de pessoas com obesidade, pauta de relevância social na contemporaneidade. A constituição desta análise reflexiva parte da percepção contextual do presentismo e da compressão do tempo-espaço como regime recente de historicidade, da comunicação como constitutiva das dinâmicas sociais e de histórias de vida como construções possíveis para potencializar e publicizar memórias. As justificativas apresentadas como resultado se pautam no direito à memória e na publicação de histórias de vida como maneira de resistir, educar, transformar, romper estigmas e atuar na promoção à saúde.
Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus from Korean native cattle farms in Jeju
Authors: Cho Seong-Cheol , Yang Hyoung-Seok , Park Changnam , Kim Si-Taek , Ko Eun-Ju , Son Won-Geun
Published: June 2023

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an RNA virus belonging to Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae. BVDV has economic significance for the livestock industry because of its association with acute disease, fetal loss, and birth of persistently infected (PI) animals. This study aimed to investigate the BVDV infection rates in Korean native cattle farms in Jeju for further planning of a BVDV control program in the Jeju Province. BVDV antibodies and antigens were tested in 15,842 sera collected from 302 Korean native cattle herds between January 2014 and June 2017 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Viral antigen was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from 60 sera that were antigen ELISA-positive. BVDV antibodies were found in 90.7% (274/302) herds and 61.1% (9,678/15,842) cows. BVDV antigens were found in 13.2% (40/302) herds and 0.4% (61/15,842) cows. The oldest animal group (> 8 years) exhibited the highest sero-positive rates (91%), while the youngest animal group (< 1 years) had the highest antigen positivity rates (0.52%). Of the 60 antigen-positive sera, BVDV types 1 and 2 were found in 36 and 12 sera, respectively. Additionally, six animals were considered to be PI as BVDV was continually detected in annual examination.
Successful long-term management of late-stage precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia with prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil in a dog
Authors: Kim Doyun , Song Woo-Jin , Kim Sung-Soo , Jeong Soyoung , Hong Hyun Jeong , Yun Youngmin
Published: June 2023

A 13-year-old neutered male Maltese dog presented to our hospital with lethargy and anorexia. Laboratory abnormalities included severe non-regenerative anemia (hematocrit, 12.9%; reticulocyte count 12.8 K/μL). The cytology of bone marrow revealed erythroid hypercellularity with mild myelofibrosis. Therefore, late-stage precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) was diagnosed. Multimodal treatment including 2 immunosuppressant drugs (prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil), antithrombic drug (clopidogrel), and blood transfusion was performed. The dog showed complete remission from PIMA, and the total duration of follow-up was 622 days. This is the first case report of canine PIMA managed successfully with prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil in Korea.
Korean farm animal veterinarians’ perception and practice of prudent use of antimicrobials
Authors: Choi Yoojin , Joo Seola , Lee Sang-Won , Lee Hong-Jae , Chun Myung-Sun
Published: June 2023

Antimicrobial (AM) resistance is a growing threat in human and veterinary medicine, spreading across species and perceived as One-Health issue. Prudent use of AM products is essential in mitigating this risk in both human and veterinary medicine. Farm veterinarians, responsible for prescribing appropriate AM and offering advice to farmers on their proper usage, are regarded as key players in the livestock industry. An online survey of farm veterinarians (n = 1,531) was conducted to assess their educational experience, beliefs, current status of prescription, practical behavior, and self-efficacy regarding the prudent use of antimicrobials (PUA). The data from 170 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression and mediation analysis. Participants chose AM based on their experiences, academic resources, and peer veterinarians. Approximately 77% did not routinely conduct antibiotic-susceptibility-test. Most participants believed in the importance of PUA and the role of veterinarians to reduce AM resistance, but they reported a lack of awareness among farmers and insufficient national support interfere with their practical behavior with regard to PUA. Half of the participants had PUA-education, and 78.6% reported that education had a positive impact on their behavior with PUA. Self-efficacy partly mediates the relationship between belief and behavior for PUA, which accounted for 23.77% of the total effect that beliefs have on behavior for PUA. The findings of the study show that enhancing veterinarians' abilities to practice and their self-efficacy through education tailored to the current status of farms can contribute to the reduction of AMs in the livestock sector.
A Critical Approach to Prophetic Traditions: Contextual Criticism in Understanding Hadith
Authors: Wasman Wasman , Mesraini Mesraini , Suwendi Suwendi
Published: June 2023

Hadith scholars have developed a rigorous discipline for studying and examining the validity of writings attributed to the Prophet Muhammad. Significant research has been published on hadith with respect to its narration (sanad) and text or content (matn). What remains underdeveloped is the role of substantive criticism of the validity of hadith. This article examines the discourse of hadith criticism and provide analytical description and a critical approach for how the validity of a hadith can be determined. It argues that substantive criticism is necessary for proper and acceptable understanding of hadith and in turn for determining the validity of hadith. In addition to a methodology for hadith criticism, the article examines how the meaning of hadith is important in the hadith studies. The article’s main argument concerns the significance of contextual understanding of hadith in any critical study of hadith.[Sarjana hadis telah mengembangkan disiplin yang ketat untuk mempelajari dan memeriksa keabsahan tulisan-tulisan yang dikaitkan dengan Nabi Muhammad. Banyak tulisan yang membahas narasi (sanad) dan teks serta konten (matn) telah dupublikasi. Dari banyaknya karya tersebut pembahasan yang lebih lanjut untuk dituliskan adalah peran kritik substantif terhadap validitas hadits. Artikel ini mengkaji wacana kritik hadis dan memberikan gambaran analitis dan pendekatan kritis tentang keabsahan sebuah hadis. Paper ini berpendapat tentang kritik substantif diperlukan untuk pemahaman hadits yang tepat dan dapat diterima untuk menentukan validitas hadits. Selain metodologi kritik hadis, artikel ini mengkaji makna hadis dalam kajian hadis. Argumen artikel ini menyangkut pemahaman kontekstual hadits dalam setiap studi kritis pada hadits]
Ismail Mundu on Islamic Law ff Inheritance: A Content Analysis of Majmū‘ al-Mīrāth fī Ḥukm al-Farā’iḍ
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Lutfi
Published: June 2023

This article analyses a manuscript on the Islamic law of inheritance, entitled Majmū‘ al-Mīrāth fī Ḥukm al-Farā’iḍ, written by Ismail Mundu. The manuscript resulted from Mundu’s anxiety about the difficulties encountered by his students in understanding the Islamic inheritance-sharing mechanism and the predicted extinction of the Islamic law of inheritance. Through content analysis and historical approaches, the author found that the inclination of thought in Mundu’s Islamic law of inheritance was based on the Shāfi‘ī school with a clearly different point that constitutes its specific and evident contribution. The manuscript included charts containing concise formulas that were not in any other works of Shāfi‘ī school and that could be used as a practical guide to facilitate beginners in learning the Islamic law of inheritance. This article, therefore, contributes to the study of the history of Islamic law by providing evidence of the establishment of local ideas and thought on the Islamic law of inheritance applied by Mundu when he served as Mufti of the Kubu Kingdom and Judge of the Kubu Court from 1907 to 1957.[Artikel ini menganalisis sebuah manuskrip tentang hukum waris Islam, berjudul Majmū‘ al-Mīrāth fī Ḥukm al-Farā’iḍ, karya Ismail Mundu. Manuskrip ini disusun atas keprihatinan terhadap kesulitan-kesulitan yang dialami murid-murid Mundu dalam memahami mekanisme pembagian waris Islam dan ramalan kepunahan ilmu waris karena masyarakat Muslim lebih mengutamakan hukum adat. Melalui studi analisis isi dan pendekatan sejarah, penulis menemukan bahwa kecenderungan pemikiran hukum waris Islam Mundu berdasarkan pada mazhab Shāfi‘ī dengan perbedaan jelas yang merupakan kontribusinya yang spesifik dan nyata. Karya tersebut menyediakan jadwal (tabel) yang berisi rumus-rumus ringkas yang tidak terdapat dalam karya-karya mazhab Shāfi‘ī lainnya dan dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman untuk memudahkan para pemula dalam mempelajari hukum waris Islam. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini berkontribusi bagi kajian sejarah hukum Islam dengan memberikan bukti adanya gagasan dan pemikiran local tentang hukum waris Islam yang diterapkan oleh Mundu ketika menjabat sebagai Mufti Kerajaan Kubu dan Hakim Pengadilan Kubu (1907-1957).]
Religiosity and Time Displacement: An Examination of the Effect of Social Media and Education Background on Islamic University Students’ Religiosity
Authors: Sagran Akbar Jihad Ibnu Arif , Shariffadeen Tengku Siti Aisha Tengku Mohd Azzman
Published: June 2023

This study explores the influence of increased social media activity on changes in conventional communication and time allocation. The excessive use of social media and its susceptibility to changes in religiosity are examined. At International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), students actively utilize social media as a means of communication and information gathering. This research aims to examine how social media usage duration and educational background among students contribute to the enhancement of religiosity. The research hypothesis is supported through statistical analysis in a quantitative approach, employing a cross-sectional online survey involving 321 IIUM students. The findings indicate a positive correlation between social media usage and Islamic religiosity among IIUM students. Consequently, these students are more inclined to access positive rather than negative content on social media. Significantly, the study found that IIUM students have a higher Islamic religiosity. The impact of social media usage among IIUM students is predominantly positive rather than negative. Furthermore, the research paper addresses the discussions and limitations and provides suggestions for further research.
Understanding the Strength of Muslim Identity as a Way to Manage Anxiety and Uncertainty for Foreign Students While Communicate Digitally in the US
Authors: Ramadita Millenia Rizki , Habibi Muhamad Lutfi
Published: June 2023

This study aims to provide recommendations to foreign Muslim students studying in the United States (US) so they can manage their anxiety and uncertainty when communicating digitally on social media. This research is motivated by the challenges foreign Muslim students face when they have to adapt to interactions that exist in conditions of society that are far different from their origin country, there is not much time, and the scope is now also expanding into the digital world. The method used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews based on the Anxiety and Uncertainty Management (AUM) theory by William B. Gudykunst with three foreign Muslim students from Turkey, Morocco, and Pakistan who were studying at Utah Tech University. The research results show that understanding the strength of Muslim identity contained in oneself is one of the most effective ways to reduce the anxiety and uncertainty they often experience. In addition to understanding Muslim identity, other recommendations include using social media to educate people about negative Islamic stereotypes, not giving opinions that conflict with local values, and trying to communicate like US netizens to familiar people. Suggestions for further research are to expand the scope of research by adding more participants from more diverse cultural backgrounds.
Cuando creíamos que todo estaba dicho sobre la autonomía
Authors: Sorokin Patricia , Sotomayor María Angélica , Muñoz del Carpio Toia Agueda , Gubert Ida Cristina , López Dávila Luis Manuel , Rueda Castro Laura , Benites Estupiñan Elizabeth , Andreau de Bennato Mirtha , Niño Moya Rosa , Quiroz Malca Estela , Mondragón-Barrios Liliana
Published: June 2023

En la capital de un país de América Latina y el Caribe, en una institución de salud muy prestigiosa, con investigadores acreditados, con comité de ética que revisa y aprueba o rechaza los protocolos, con innumerables documentos nacionales e internacionales, con la presencia de una autoridad regulatoria de las investigaciones; algo sucedió sin que nadie lo notara… hasta que una persona fue reclutada de modo solapado y sintió que no quería ser “un número y algo más”.
Evaluación de la equidad en el acceso a los medicamentos financiados por el Sistema Nacional de Salud español mediante el régimen de copago del RDL 16/2012
Authors: García-Calderó Gemma , Sospedra-Martínez Enric
Published: June 2023

El acceso equitativo a las prestaciones sanitarias constituye uno de los principios del Sistema Nacional de Salud español. No obstante, se ha evidenciado la existencia de un porcentaje de ciudadanos que padecen dificultades económicas para adquirir medicamentos de prescripción. Este oscila en torno a un 2,4%, y afecta a determinadas personas en situación socioeconómica vulnerable, especialmente aquellas polimedicadas o con enfermedades crónicas. Este artículo fundamenta el derecho al acceso a los medicamentos en condiciones de igualdad, y evalúa los datos recogidos por organismos del Estado y organizaciones no gubernamentales que evidencian inequidades en dicho acceso. Dado que el copago farmacéutico puede constituir una barrera económica para la adquisición de los medicamentos de prescripción, se analizan a la luz de la bibliografía existente los posibles efectos sobre la equidad de acceso a los medicamentos del actual sistema de copago reformado mediante el RDL 16/2012, así como los planteamientos para su mejora.
WTO Accession Factors and Algeria’s Potential: A Comparative Study with Russia and Saudi
Authors:   Universite d’Oran 2 Mohamed ben Ahmed, Amani Ismail , Guechairi Farah Naima ,   Universite d’Oran 2 Mohamed ben Ahmed
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to assess the factors affecting the accession to the WTO and hence evaluate Algeria’s potential to complete its accession. Literature identifies 4 principal factors that can affect the process: economical, political, commercial and institutional. Thus, a comparative and empirical study has been done based on a weighted score method, this method put all factors in the same scale from 0 to 10 points for the three countries: Algeria, Russia and Saudi Arabia. Results show that Algeria has have an acceptable rating compared to the two other countries in institutional factor, as they have average governance scores, and political, as none of the three countries is aligned with WTO major. While it is much lower than Russia in economic framework, even if Saudi Arabia is at same level, this is mainly due to lack of diversification and subsidies, especially fuel prices. In the commercial factor Algeria is far from the other two countries as it lacks many adjustments in this sector, mainly in applied tariffs, FDI, exports and PTAs. Negotiation duration is also holding back the accession process, this can become even more difficult as it extend more. In the other hand, oil prices fluctuations can enhance institutional factors while new regional trade agreement can constitute a more interesting alternative to WTO accession
Patient with Epilepsy Showing Psychiatric Symptoms after Remission of Seizures and Normalization of Electroencephalography: The Phenomenon of Forced Normalization?
Authors: Lee Hyoung Cheol , Kim Byung-Kun , Kang Kyusik , Lee Woong-Woo , Yoo Ilhan , Kim Yong Soo , Lee Jung-Ju
Published: June 2023

Psychiatric disorders are commonly observed in patients with epilepsy. Among them, the phenomenon known as forced normalization is scarce. Herein, we report the case of a 41-year-old patient who showed long-term first-onset psychiatric symptoms after seizure remission and normalization of electroencephalography. After changing the antiepileptic drug regimen and psychiatric treatment, the patient’s symptoms regressed. However, the exact pathological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Changing the regimen of antiepileptic drugs and long-term psychiatric treatment may help control this phenomenon.
Selection of the photovoltaic system power for the electric vehicle
Authors: Małek Arkadiusz , Marciniak Andrzej
Published: June 2023

The article presents a method of a photovoltaic system power selecting for proper electric vehicle. At the beginning, the characteristics of the electric vehicle itself and its traction batteries were made in order to determine the method of its charging. In the presented studies, measurement data from the operation of real photovoltaic systems was recorded and processed. The algorithm used includes examining the energy consumption profile of the owner's residential building. The combined demand for electricity of the electric vehicle and the building made it possible to determine the planned photovoltaic system. The authors presented three possibilities of its location. It can be installed on the roof of the building, on the ground next to the building or on the carport under which an electric vehicle can be parked. Finally, the Metalog family of probability distributions was used to analytically validate the power choice of the photovoltaic system. The authors have developed an algorithm using human and artificial intelligence that helps to properly select the power of the photovoltaic system for the vehicle.
FPGA based telecommand system for balloon-borne scientific payloads
Authors: Devarajan Anand , Bangaru Kapardhi , Ojha Devendra
Published: June 2023

Telecommand (TC) plays a crucial role in the success of high-altitude balloon experiments. Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem (BCH) codes are commonly employed to ensure reliable command operation. The Balloon Facility (BF) of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) uses a TC system based on BCH (31,16) coding technique, to control balloon and payload operations. This paper presents prototyping and implementation of TC encoder and decoder using Spartan 6 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The code is written in Very high-speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL). Simulation and synthesis are done using Xilinx ISE 14.7 design suite. Simulation results show the design is robust. The TC encoder is implemented in a commercial FPGA development board and the TC decoder is implemented in a specially designed FPGA board, successfully. This paper presents the salient features of the TC system in use and the implementation of the system using FPGA.
Jantzen filtration of Weyl modules for general linear supergroups
Authors: Li Yi-Yang , Shu Bin
Published: June 2023

Let

G
=

GL
⁡

(
m
|
n
)

{G=\operatorname{GL}(m|n)}

be a general linear supergroup over an algebraically closed field

𝐤

{\mathbf{k}}

of odd characteristic p.
In this paper, we construct Jantzen filtration of Weyl modules

V
⁢

(
λ
)

{V(\lambda)}

for G when λ is a typical weight in the sense of Kac’s definition, and consequently obtain a sum formula for their characters. By Steinberg’s tensor product theorem, it is enough for us to study typical weights with aim to formulate irreducible characters.
As an application, it turns out that an irreducible G-module

L
⁢

(
λ
)

{L(\lambda)}

can be realized as a Kac module if and only if λ is p-typical.
On the Fourier orthonormal bases of a class of self-similar measures on ℝ
n
Authors: Tang Wei , Wang Zhi-Yong
Published: June 2023

Let

μ

M
,
D

{\mu_{M,D}}

be a self-similar measure generated by an

n
×
n

{n\times n}

expanding real matrix

M
=

ρ

-
1

⁢
I

{M=\rho^{-1}I}

and a finite digit set

D
⊂

ℤ
n

{D\subset{\mathbb{Z}}^{n}}

, where

0
<

|
ρ
|

<
1

{0<\lvert\rho\rvert<1}

and I is an

n
×
n

{n\times n}

unit matrix.
In this paper, we study the existence of a Fourier basis for

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

,
i.e., we find a discrete set Λ such that

E
Λ

=

{

e

2
⁢
π
⁢
i
⁢

〈
λ
,
x
〉

:

λ
∈
Λ

}

{E_{\Lambda}=\{e^{2\pi i\langle\lambda,x\rangle}:\lambda\in\Lambda\}}

is an orthonormal basis for

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

. Under some suitable conditions for D, some necessary and sufficient conditions for

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

to admit infinite orthogonal exponential functions are given. Then we set up a framework to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

to have a Fourier basis.
Finally, we demonstrate how these results can be applied to self-similar measures.
Nanocrystalline PbS thin film produced by alkaline chemical bath deposition: effect of inhibitor levels and temperature on the physicochemical properties
Authors: Şimşek Veli , Çağlayan Mustafa Oğuzhan
Published: June 2023

In this study, nanocrystalline PbS film coating on a glass slide was done using the chemical bath deposition method. PbS film was deposited in an alkaline solution using Pb(NO3)2, CS(NH2)2, and the inhibitor (Na2S2O3) for 30–120 min at room temperature (25 °C) and 40 °C, and inhibitor levels were investigated in the range of 3.2 mM–12.7 mM. The physicochemical properties of the obtained thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, MAPPING, atomic force microscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle and X-ray diffraction analyses. The relationship between nanocrystallite size, distribution, pin-hole development, and synthesis conditions were examined using image processing and surface response methodology. The band gap of the produced PbS thin film was calculated using FT-IR analysis results (0.41 eV).
Closed form soliton solutions to the space-time fractional foam drainage equation and coupled mKdV evolution equations
Authors: İlhan Onur Alp , Benli Fatma Berna , Islam M. Nurul , Akbar M. Ali , Baskonus Haci Mehmet
Published: June 2023

Fractional nonlinear evolution equations concerning conformable fractional derivative are effective models to interpret intricate physical phenomena in the real world. The space-time fractional foam drainage equation and the coupled mKdV equations with conformable fractional derivative are important model equations for shallow water waves, the waves of flow of liquid between bubbles, the capillary waves, the waves of foam density, the electro-hydro-dynamical model, the ion acoustic plasma waves etc. In this study, we extract the functional and further general exact wave solutions comprising the rational, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions to the above stated models taking the advantage of the auxiliary equation method with the assistance of the fractional complex transformation. The method is convenient, reliable and delivers fresh and useful solutions to fractional differential equations ascend in physical and engineering sciences. We depict figures of the obtained solutions in order to illustrate the inner structure associated to the phenomena.
The development and validation of a C-test and a pseudo-character test for online CFL assessment
Authors: Yang Xuan , Osborne Caitríona
Published: June 2023

Taking inspiration from a popular online English test, this study first documents the development of an achievement test containing a newly developed C-test and pseudo-character test for beginner-level Chinese learners. Then, based on the test results collected from 53 university learners and using statistical tools, analyses were conducted on its content validity, construct validity, criterion-related validity, difficulty, discrimination power, and reliability. Results indicate that this new achievement test has relatively satisfactory reliability and validity, with only minor issues that need to be addressed in future studies. Situated in the context of language assessment, the study sheds light on the application of the C-test and a pseudo-character section in both face-to-face and at-distance Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) classrooms. Furthermore, the study also provides practical and applicable methods for CFL teachers to develop their own assessments.
B-pillar design optimization under a crushing load
Authors: Öztürk İsmail , Başkara Tayfun
Published: June 2023

B-pillars designed from B1500HS boron steel were compared for roof crushing situations for three different hardness values in the study’s scope. Simulations were also performed for designs where different parts of the B-pillar have different hardness values (tailored properties). For this purpose, roof crushing analyses were conducted, and results were compared in energy absorption and peak crushing force. The highest peak crushing force was obtained from the upper part T25 and lower part T400 heat-treated B-pillar. Upper part T400 and lower part T25 heat-treated B-pillar gave the highest energy absorption value. Since the energy absorption value of the upper part T25 and lower part T400 heat-treated B-pillar is low, the upper part T400 and lower part T25 heat-treated B-pillar provides the second-highest peak crushing force was chosen for use in the optimization. Single and multi-objective optimization studies were conducted to maximize peak crushing force and specific energy absorption for the upper part T400 and lower part T25 heat-treated B-pillar. The optimal B-pillar with tailored properties has an advantage over the base B-pillar, which could be used for B-pillar design.
Exploratory Investigation Into the Impact of Bilateral and Unilateral Jump Characteristics on Ground Reaction Force Applications in Baseball Pitching
Authors: Lis Ryan , Szymanski David J. , Qiao Mu , Crotin Ryan L.
Published: June 2023

Lis, R, Szymanski, DJ, Qiao, M, and Crotin, RL. An exploratory investigation into the impact of bilateral and unilateral jump characteristics on ground reaction force applications in baseball pitching. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Jump tests are effective, valid, and reliable in examining lower-body power that can influence ground reaction forces (GRFs) in baseball pitching. Relationships between drive and stride leg GRFs and fastball velocities while pitching from the wind-up and stretch were evaluated for performance influences across the following conditions: (a) lower-body GRFs from unilateral countermovement jumps (UCMJ) and bilateral countermovement jumps (BCMJ) and (b) BCMJ and drive and stride leg UCMJ height. Nineteen Division I collegiate baseball pitchers (age; 19.9 ± 1.5 years, height; 1.86 ± 0.06 m, body mass; 90.7 ± 13.8 kg) completed BCMJ and UCMJ tests and threw four-seam fastballs from a pitching mound with 2 embedded force plates. Three moderate associations (r ≥ 0.47) were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for BCMJ and UCMJ heights to pitching GRFs. Stride leg UCMJ height was significantly greater than drive leg UCMJ height, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.34. Wind-up and stretch GRFs were statistically similar. Fastball velocities showed a statistically significant association that was moderately high with wind-up and stretch stride leg anterior-posterior GRFs (r ≥ 0.65, p < 0.01). Collegiate pitchers jumped significantly higher with their stride leg, and the sum of vertical unilateral jump height of both legs was significantly greater (27%) than BCMJ height to indicate greater single-leg dominance in jumping. Although stride leg height was higher, improving stride leg jumping performance may be functionally more important in producing greater momentum into foot strike that has the potential to increase fastball velocity.
Effect of the Intrasession Exercise Order of Flywheel Resistance and High-Intensity Interval Training on Maximal Strength and Power Performance in Elite Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Petré Henrik , Ovendal Alexander , Westblad Niklas , Ten Siethoff Lasse , Rosdahl Hans , Psilander Niklas
Published: June 2023

Petré, H, Ovendal, A, Westblad, N, Ten Siethoff, L, Rosdahl, H, and Psilander, N. Effect of the intrasession exercise order of flywheel resistance and high-intensity interval training on maximal strength and power performance in elite team-sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study aimed to investigate the effect of intrasession exercise order of maximal effort flywheel resistance training (RT; 4 × 6 repetitions [rep]) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 2–4 × 8 rep of 20 second at 130% of Watt at V̇o
2max [wV̇o
2max]), on the development of maximal strength and power in elite team-sport athletes. A 7-week training intervention involving 2 training sessions per week of either HIIT followed by RT (HIIT + RT, n = 8), RT followed by HIIT (RT + HIIT, n = 8), or RT alone (RT, n = 7) was conducted in 23 elite male bandy players (24.7 ± 4.3 years). Power and work were continuously measured during the flywheel RT. Isometric squat strength (ISq), countermovement jump, squat jump, and V̇o
2max were measured before and after the training period. Power output during training differed between the groups (p = 0.013,

= 0.365) with RT producing more power than HIIT + RT (p = 0.005). ISq improved following RT + HIIT (∼80%, d = 2.10, p = 0.001) and following HIIT + RT (∼40%, d = 1.64, p = 0.005), and RT alone (∼70%, d = 1.67, p = 0.004). V̇o
2max increased following RT + HIIT and HIIT + RT (∼10%, d = 1.98, p = 0.001 resp. d = 2.08, p = 0.001). HIIT before RT reduced power output during RT in elite team-sport athletes but did not lead to blunted development of maximal strength or power after a 7-week training period. During longer training periods (>7-weeks), it may be advantageous to schedule RT before HIIT because the negative effect of HIIT + RT on training quality increased during the final weeks of training. In addition, the largest training effect on maximal strength was observed following RT + HIIT.
High-Intensity Functional Training Induces Superior Training Adaptations Compared With Traditional Military Physical Training
Authors: Helén Joonas , Kyröläinen Heikki , Ojanen Tommi , Pihlainen Kai , Santtila Matti , Heikkinen Risto , Vaara Jani P.
Published: June 2023

Helén, J, Kyröläinen, H, Ojanen, T, Pihlainen, K, Santtila, M, Heikkinen, R, and Vaara, JP. High-intensity functional training induces superior training adaptations compared with traditional military physical training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study examined the effectiveness of concurrent strength and endurance training with an emphasis on high-intensity functional training (HIFT) during military service. Voluntary male conscripts (aged 18–28 years) were placed in either an experimental (EXP: n = 50–66) or a control (CON: n = 50–67) group. The training for the EXP group included HIFT using body mass, sandbags, and kettlebells. The CON group trained according to the current practice. Physical performance and body composition were assessed at baseline (PRE), at week 10 (MID), and after (POST) the 19-week training period. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The total distance covered in a 12-minute running test increased in both groups, but the change in EXP was superior to the change in CON (11.6%, ES: 0.79 vs. 5.7%, ES: 0.33; p = 0.027). Maximal strength and power characteristics increased in EXP (3.1–5.0%), whereas no improvements were observed in CON. Conscripts with the highest initial fitness showed no improvements in physical performance in either group. Body mass and waist circumference decreased in EXP, whereas CON showed an increase in muscle mass. These findings suggest that HIFT is an effective and time-efficient approach to improve soldiers' aerobic fitness during military service. For the optimal development of strength, the training equipment used may not have provided sufficient and progressive loading to yield considerable strength adaptations. More focus should be placed on sufficient intensity and volume in both strength and endurance training, especially for the most fit soldiers.
Dynorphinergic Projections from the Central Amygdala to the Parabrachial Nucleus Regulate Itch
Authors: Funahashi Hideki , Pavlenko Darya , Sakai Kent , Verpile Rebecca , Sanders Kristen M. , Akiyama Tasuku
Published: June 2023

The amygdala plays a key role in the processing of itch and pain signals as well as emotion. A previous study revealed that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA)-parabrachial nucleus (PBN) pathway is involved in pain regulation. The same pathway might also control itch. To test this possibility, prodynorphin (Pdyn)-Cre mice were used to optogenetically manipulate Pdyn+CeA-to-PBN projections. We found that optogenetic stimulation of Pdyn+amygdala neurons or Pdyn+CeA-to-PBN projections inhibited histamine-evoked and chloroquine-evoked scratching. The number of Fos-positive neurons in the PBN increased following intradermal injection of chloroquine. Optogenetic stimulation of Pdyn+CeA-to-PBN projections suppressed the increase in Fos expression in the PBN. Optogenetic stimulation of Pdyn+CeA-to-PBN projections increased thermal and mechanical thresholds without affecting anxiety-like behavior. These results highlight the importance of dynorphinergic projections from the central amygdala to the parabrachial nucleus in the regulation of itch signaling.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA)-parabrachial nucleus (PBN) pathway regulates pain signaling. Using prodynorphin (Pdyn)-cre mice, we investigated the role of Pdyn+CeA-to-PBN projections in itch. Optogenetic stimulation of Pdyn+CeA-to-PBN projections inhibited pruritogen-evoked scratching and neuronal activity (c-Fos expression) in the PBN. Together, dynorphinergic projections from the central amygdala to the parabrachial nucleus are important for regulating itch information.
Soil NH3 emissions across an aridity, soil pH, and N deposition gradient in southern California
Authors: Krichels Alexander H. , Homyak Peter M. , Aronson Emma L. , Sickman James O. , Botthoff Jon , Greene Aral C. , Andrews Holly M. , Shulman Hannah , Piper Stephanie , Jenerette G. Darrel
Published: June 2023

Soil ammonia (NH3) emissions are seldom included in ecosystem nutrient budgets; however, they may represent substantial pathways for ecosystem nitrogen (N) loss, especially in arid regions where hydrologic N losses are comparatively small. To characterize how multiple factors affect soil NH3 emissions, we measured NH3 losses from 6 dryland sites along a gradient in soil pH, atmospheric N deposition, and rainfall. We also enriched soils with ammonium (NH4+), to determine whether N availability would limit emissions, and measured NH3 emissions with passive samplers in soil chambers following experimental wetting. Because the volatilization of NH3 is sensitive to pH, we hypothesized that NH3 emissions would be higher in more alkaline soils and that they would increase with increasing NH4+ availability. Consistent with this hypothesis, average soil NH3 emissions were positively correlated with average site pH (R2 = 0.88, P = 0.004), ranging between 0.77 ± 0.81 µg N-NH3 m−2 h−1 at the least arid and most acidic site and 24.2 ± 16.0 µg N-NH3 m−2 h−1 at the most arid and alkaline site. Wetting soils while simultaneously adding NH4+ increased NH3 emissions from alkaline and moderately acidic soils (F1,35 = 14.7, P < 0.001), suggesting that high N availability can stimulate NH3 emissions even when pH is less than optimal for NH3 volatilization. Thus, both pH and N availability act as proximate controls over NH3 emissions suggesting that these N losses may limit how much N accumulates in arid ecosystems.
Between flowers, humans, and honeybees: Local ecological knowledge associated with apiculture in two areas of Silípica department, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
Authors: Céspedes Fernando N. , Grimaldi Pablo A. , Ladio Ana H.
Published: June 2023

The production of honey for consumption is one of humans’ most intriguing activities in biocultural terms. Studies on Local Ecological Knowledge linked to Apiculture with Apis mellifera (LEKHA) are limited, particularly in Santiago del Estero (northern Argentina). In this work, we compared the LEKHA of beekeeping families in two different landscapes that show distinct socio-ecological characteristics: “rainfed” and “irrigation.” Through semi-structured and free interviews and the construction of local calendars, together with 85% of the beekeepers of these zones, we investigated the LEKHA, honeybee flora and methods of acquisition and transmission of management knowledge and practices. Participants mentioned 96 honeybee flora species (63 in rainfed and 71 in irrigation), mainly native species, which provide with nectar and pollen. The apicultural and floral calendar was similar in these two areas, although the areas differed in the time of year certain activities were carried out and the richness and abundance of plant strata. This similarity could be related mainly to the strong cultural attachment of inhabitants to some elements of their native “Monte” landscape which, despite having undergone some anthropic modifications, remains functional for beekeeping. The LEKHA in both areas was learned idiosyncratically and by oblique transmission. We show how an activity related to the environment recreates and stimulates environmental knowledge, such that flowers, honeybees, and people form a bond of mutual care.
Systematization Of Functions Of Criminal Law Policy
Authors: Kozych I.V.
Published: June 2023

The author argues that the policy in the field of combating crime as a component of state legal policy ensures the implementation of certain functions on the basis of the relevant principles. Anti-crime policy performs a number of functions inherent in politics in general. In particular, the integrative function ensures the unity, integrity and stability of society.

The managerial and regulatory function is that the policy expresses the socially significant interests of all segments of society by defining specific goals and objectives of the relevant bodies. The function of rationalization forms the tactical and strategic goals of society, determines effective methods of their implementation. The function of innovation is to respond to anti-crime policies to new forms of social life using appropriate dynamic methods and techniques. The function of resource mobilization ensures the use of appropriate efforts to address the tasks assigned to the studied policy area (and, accordingly, the effectiveness of policy implementation in the field of combating crime in general).

The human rights function is aimed at criminal law protection of human rights and freedoms. The function of political socialization «includes» people, public organizations in the world of criminal law regulation and protection, giving them various opportunities to influence the implementation of criminal law policy.

The author points to the survival of the following formative (incoming) functions of criminal law policy: 1) the function of forming a request; 2) the function of determining resources. Among the implementation («initial») functions of criminal law policy should be noted: 1) rule-making function, 2) rule-making function, 3) control function.

Service functions are: 1) interpretive function; 2) information and communication function.
Features of the armed formations of the Ukrainian People’s Republic of 1917, their legal status
Authors: Viktorska Ia.V.
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of armed formations of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, their legal consolidation and expression in regulatory and legal acts.The author tried to conduct a legal analysis of the military doctrine of the armed forces of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. An important task is the study and generalization of historical experience, providing an objective assessment of events related to the liberation struggle and the formation of Ukrainian statehood at the beginning of the 20th century. Characterizing the process of formation of the Ukrainian army during the time of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, an attempt was made to clarify the legal mechanism for the implementation of the legislation. Emphasis is placed on the correct application of legal techniques in the legal acts adopted by the government of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in 1917. The reasons that initiated fundamental changes in all state-legal, political, national and social relations in the state body are considered. An assessment of the historical and legal experience for the development of the modern Armed Forces of Ukraine is carried out. The author tried to investigate the interdependence of the creation of the armed formations of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in 1917, the performance of official duties by servicemen, as well as the bearing of responsibility for crimes committed by them. It was established that with the deepening of the national crisis in the Ukrainian People’s Republic of Ukraine, the issue of renewing the practice of emergency courts was put on the agenda. It turned out that there were also military courts themselves, which tried cases of some types of military crimes: refusal to comply with orders, drunkenness, gambling, being late for duty, etc. The regulatory framework for the regulation of judicial practice and the scope of its application are separately defined. The regulatory and legal framework issued by the personified persons (orders, orders, etc.) who were in power during the time of the activity of the Ukrainian People’s Republic is considered. The process of Ukrainization of the Armed Forces is indicated and briefly characterized, the importance of the Ukrainized 34 Corps is emphasized. The creation of purely Ukrainian military units and their legal coverage are separately mentioned. It is concluded that the army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, with the support of the Ukrainian national-state forces, carried out legal activities and tried to win the independence of Ukraine by open military means during the national liberation struggles of 1917-1921. The role and significance of the own Armed Forces in the creation of the Ukrainian state is investigated.
Exposición a la contaminación antropogénica por mercurio y sus efectos en la salud. Revisión Bibliográfica.
Authors: López Turcios Rosa Inés , Chamizo-García Horacio Alejandro
Published: June 2023

Design: A bibligraphic review was carried out without meta-analysis of scientific research published between 2015 and 2021, in journals retrieved from Scopus and Science Direct. Objective: to provide scientific evidence on exposure to mercury and its effects on health from published scientific research. Materials and methods: The standardized search steps referring to the guide of the Spanish Association of Nursing in Palliative Care (AECPAL) were followed; In addition, the validity and precision of each article was verified, making complementary use of a version adapted from GRADE to observational studies. Results: Very high blood mercury concentrations were found in workers in the gold industry and fluorescent lamps, ranging from 13.16µg/L to 54.05µg/L. Teratogenic effects associated with fetal death, congenital anomaly, spontaneous delivery and growth restriction are indicated, and in the occupationally exposed population they were cognitive deterioration, hypercholesteremia, infertility, autism and neural tube defects. Conclusions: The concentration values of mercury in blood and its effects on health are notably variable among the studies, but the main social activities that involve exposure and its associated effects have been evidenced.
Representaciones a través del cine: La interpretación de los procesos históricos para la enseñanza de los Estudios Sociales
Authors: Calvo Alpízar Paula Valeria , González Cascante Diego
Published: June 2023

A study on the use of cinema in the subject of Social Studies is presented, which had the purpose of describing the use of cinema for the explanation and interpretation of historical processes, by Social Studies teachers that encourages the construction of critical thinking in the student body The research started from various theoretical-methodological considerations where the effectiveness of cinema in the teaching and learning processes of history is shown, in which the construction of critical thinking and historical awareness is manifested. Through a qualitative study of the phenomenological paradigm, with the focus group technique, the need for educational transformations was shown, such as the use of cinema for the explanation of historical processes, since through said tool it distances the recurrence of common teaching practices such as the use of textbooks, among others.The main finding of the research was the use of various strategies that enable a historical education in the student body such as cinema.