bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization among school children in Rome, Italy
Authors: Nisii F. , Mazur M. , De Nuccio C. , Martucci C. , Spuntarelli M. , Labozzetta S. , Fratini A. , Sozzi S. , Maruotti A. , Vozza I. , Luzzi V. , Bossu M. , Ottolenghi L. , Polimeni A.
Published: May 2022

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a highly prevalent condition associated with increased caries experience, dental pain and treatment need. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of MIH in a group of 7–8 years old primary school children living in Rome, Italy; and to assess the association with caries experience and possible perinatal risk factors. A survey has been conducted in the city of Rome, between April 2019 and March 2020 with a total of 49 primary schools and 176 2nd grade primary school classes and a total of 3611 children being involved. Of these, a subset of 346 children of 21 primary schools was selected for the epidemiological investigation. The prevalence of MIH was of 18.2%, with girls showing twice the probability of being subject to a mild-severe condition. Molar location was present in 71.4%, while location on both molar plus incisor was present in 28.6% of cases. The mean DMFT was 0.44 ± 0.78, “D” was 0.17 ± 0.58; the mean dmft was 1.7 ± 2.56, “d” was 1.32 ± 2.21. Female gender, caries experience, insufficient oral hygiene were risk factors. The incidence of MIH is increasing in the pediatric population. Knowledge about diagnosis and treatment options should be disseminated among dental professionals.
Laser slice thinning of GaN-on-GaN high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Sugiura Ryuji , Kawaguchi Daisuke , Wani Yotaro , Watanabe Hirotaka , Sena Hadi , Ando Yuto , Honda Yoshio , Igasaki Yasunori , Wakejima Akio , Ando Yuji , Amano Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

As a newly developed technique to slice GaN substrates, which are currently very expensive, with less loss, we previously reported a laser slicing technique in this journal. In the previous report, from the perspective of GaN substrate processing, we could only show that the GaN substrate could be sliced by a laser and that the sliced GaN substrate could be reused. In this study, we newly investigated the applicability of this method as a device fabrication process. We demonstrated the thinning of GaN-on-GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) using a laser slicing technique. Even when the HEMTs were thinned by laser slicing to a thickness of 50 μm after completing the fabrication process, no significant fracture was observed in these devices, and no adverse effects of laser-induced damage were observed on electrical characteristics. This means that the laser slicing process can be applied even after device fabrication. It can also be used as a completely new semiconductor process for fabricating thin devices with thicknesses on the order of 10 μm, while significantly reducing the consumption of GaN substrates.
Perception thresholds and qualitative perceptions for electrocutaneous stimulation
Authors: Dölker Eva-Maria , Lau Stephan , Bernhard Maria Anne , Haueisen Jens
Published: May 2022

Our long-term goal is the development of a wearable warning system that uses electrocutaneous stimulation. To find appropriate stimulation parameters and electrode configurations, we investigate perception amplitude thresholds and qualitative perceptions of electrocutaneous stimulation for varying pulse widths, electrode sizes, and electrode positions. The upper right arm was stimulated in 81 healthy volunteers with biphasic rectangular current pulses varying between 20 and$$2000\,\upmu \hbox {s}$$2000μs. We determined perception, attention, and intolerance thresholds and the corresponding qualitative perceptions for 8 electrode pairs distributed around the upper arm. For a pulse width of$$150\,\upmu \hbox {s}$$150μs, we find median values of 3.5, 6.9, and 13.8 mA for perception, attention, and intolerance thresholds, respectively. All thresholds decrease with increasing pulse width. Lateral electrode positions have higher intolerance thresholds than medial electrode positions, but perception and attention threshold are not significantly different across electrode positions. Electrode size between$$15 \times 15\,\hbox {mm}^{2}$$15×15mm2and$$40\times 40\,\hbox {mm}^{2}$$40×40mm2has no significant influence on the thresholds. Knocking is the prevailing perception for perception and attention thresholds while mostly muscle twitching, pinching, and stinging are reported at the intolerance threshold. Biphasic stimulation pulse widths between$$150\,\upmu \hbox {s}$$150μsand$$250\,\upmu \hbox {s}$$250μsare suitable for electric warning wearables. Within the given practical limits at the upper arm, electrode size, inter-electrode distance, and electrode position are flexible parameters of electric warning wearables. Our investigations provide the basis for electric warning wearables.
Accurate THz ellipsometry using calibration in time domain
Authors: Mazaheri Zahra , Koral Can , Andreone Antonello
Published: May 2022

We report on the realisation of a customized THz time domain spectroscopic ellipsometer (THz-TDSE) based on fiber-coupled photoconductive antennas, operating in a wide range of incident angles and allowing also standard transmission spectroscopy without any optical realignment. To ensure accurate parameter extraction for a broad range of materials, we developed a fast and effective algorithm-assisted method to calibrate the setup and compensate for the nonideality in the response of the THz system. The procedure allows to minimise errors induced by imperfect response of the antennas and polarizers, imprecise setting of the impinging and receiving angles in the goniometric mechanical arms, and unavoidable mismatches in the THz beam optics. Differently from other calibration methods applied in the literature, our approach compares in time domain the ellipsometric derived electric field s- and p-polarised components at a given angle of incidence with the reconstructed ones, attained by using the complex dielectric function of a known sample. The calibrated response is determined with high precision by setting the system in transmission mode. In order to validate the technique, ellipsometric measurements have been carried out at various angle of incidences on a number of materials both in solid and liquid form, and their data compared with what obtained by conventional THz spectroscopy. Results show that THz-TDSE accompanied with an accurate calibration procedure is an effective technique for material characterization, especially in case of samples with a high absorption rate that are not easily investigated through transmission measurements.
Anxiety increases information-seeking in response to large changes
Authors: Charpentier Caroline J. , Cogliati Dezza Irene , Vellani Valentina , Globig Laura K. , Gädeke Maria , Sharot Tali
Published: May 2022

Seeking information when anxious may help reduce the aversive feeling of uncertainty and guide decision-making. If information is negative or confusing, however, this may increase anxiety further. Information gathered under anxiety can thus be beneficial and/or damaging. Here, we examine whether anxiety leads to a general increase in information-seeking, or rather to changes in the type of information and/or situations in which it is sought. In two controlled laboratory studies, we show that both trait anxiety and induced anxiety lead to a selective alteration in information-seeking. In particular, anxiety did not enhance the general tendency to seek information, nor did it alter the valence of the information gathered. Rather, anxiety amplified the tendency to seek information more in response to large changes in the environment. This was true even when the cause of the anxiety was not directly related to the information sought. As anxious individuals have been shown to have problems learning in changing environments, greater information-seeking in such environments may be an adaptive compensatory mechanism.
Spatial analysis of photoplethysmography in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rasmussen Simon Mylius , Nielsen Thomas , Hager Henrik , Schousboe Lars Peter
Published: May 2022

The primary treatment of the common malignancy squamous cell carcinoma is surgical removal. In this process, sufficient tissue removal is balanced against unnecessary mutilation. We recently presented a remote photoplethysmography algorithm, which revealed significant differences between processed video recordings of cancer biopsy areas and surrounding tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate whether spatial analyses of photoplethysmography data correlate with post-excision pathological analyses and thus have potential to assist in tumour delineation. Based on high speed video recordings of 11 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, we examined different parameters derived from temporal remote photoplethysmography variations. Signal characteristics values in sites matching histological sections were compared with pathological measures. Values were ranked and statistically tested with a Kendall correlation analysis. A moderate, negative correlation was found between signal oscillations and the width and transversal area of squamous cell carcinoma in the frequencies below 1 Hz and specifically from 0.02 to 0.15 Hz. We have presented a correlation between frequency content and prevalence of cancer based on regular video recordings of squamous cell carcinoma. We believe this is supported by published findings on malignant melanoma. Our findings indicate that photoplethysmography can be used to distinguish SCC from healthy skin.
A cost-efficient and alternative technique of managing fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) larvae in maize crop
Authors: Kushwaha Ujjawal Kumar Singh
Published: May 2022

An experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of grease and emamectin benzoate in a randomized complete block design with five replications to reduce fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) larvae load from a maize field in the winter seasons of 2020 and 2021 in Sarlahi, Nepal. Standard agronomic package of practices followed for crop proper growth and development, and plant spacing maintained at 20 × 60  cm2with a plot size of 390 m2. The treatments were applied when the maize crop was at knee height and larvae damaged nearly 5–8% of the total plants. Emamectin benzoate sprayed at 0.4 g/liter of water and grease of about 0.15 g applied to the maize whorl or tip of a drooping leaf that touched the soil. A significant reduction in larval infestation was observed after 7-days of treatment applications. Fall armyworm larvae were found dead in the chemical-sprayed plots, but they were absent in the grease-applied fields. No crop damage was observed among the grease-treated plants, which might be due to restrictions in the movement of larvae on the maize crop. The armyworm larvae might get irritated, feel insecure, and move far away from the test plots searching for food materials. Thus, an eco-friendly material like grease can be used as an agroecological method for managing fall armyworm larvae among small-scale land-holding maize farmers.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of sildenafil in term and preterm infants with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Rhee Su-jin , Shin Seung Han , Oh Jaeseong , Jung Young Hwa , Choi Chang Won , Kim Han-Suk , Yu Kyung-Sang
Published: May 2022

Sildenafil is widely used off-label in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study was conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of sildenafil in term and preterm neonates with PAH, by developing a population PK model, and to suggest appropriate doses to achieve clinically effective concentrations. A population PK modelling analysis was performed using sildenafil and its metabolite N-desmethyl sildenafil (DMS) concentration data from 19 neonates with PAH, whose gestational ages ranged 24–41 weeks. They received sildenafil orally at a dose of 0.5–0.75 mg/kg, four times a day. To investigate the appropriate sildenafil dose, simulations were conducted according to body weight which was significant covariate for sildenafil clearance. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption adequately described the PKs of sildenafil and DMS. Sildenafil clearance was expected to increase rapidly with increasing body weight. In the simulation, sildenafil doses > 1 mg/kg was required to achieve and maintain target concentrations of sildenafil and to expect timely clinical effects in term and preterm infants. These results could be utilized for the safer and more effective use of sildenafil in term and preterm infants.
The influence of friction on the determination of rock fracture toughness
Authors: Xie Qin , Zeng Yuan , Li Shengxiang , Liu Xiling , Du Kun
Published: May 2022

The accurate determination of fracture toughness (KIc) in rock is of great significance to the study of rock fracture characteristics. However, the effect of contact friction in the loading process on the test results of fracture toughness is rarely considered, and the testedKIcin previous studies is generally higher than the inherentKIcof the material. Based on the ABAQUS software, the influence of friction on the test results ofKIcwas investigated under different material elastic moduli, loading conditions and specimen sizes by the finite element analysis in this study. The results show that for the specimen with the notch semi-circular bend configuration, if the presence of friction is considered, the changes of load level, the span of roller support and the specimen size can significantly affect the test results of fracture toughness, except the elastic modulus of the material; if the influence of friction is not considered, there will be a large deviation in the research results of the size effect of fracture toughness in rock. As the friction coefficient increases, the estimated value of the fracture energy increases, while the fracture process zone length decreases for the specimen with an infinite size.
Biophysical studies of cancer cells’ traverse-vessel behaviors under different pressures revealed cells’ motion state transition
Authors: Li Xiao , Shi Jialin , Gao Ziqing , Xu Jian , Wang Shujing , Li Xin , Ouyang Qi , Luo Chunxiong
Published: May 2022

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) survive in the bloodstream and then seed and invade to foster tumor metastasis. The arrest of cancer cells is favored by permissive flow forces and geometrical constraints. Through the use of high-throughput microfluidic devices designed to mimic capillary-sized vessels, we applied pressure differences to cancer cells (MCF-7 cell line) and recorded the cell traverse-vessel behaviors. Our results showed that cancer cells transform from a Newtonian droplet state to an adhesion/migration state when cancer cells traverse artificial vessels. To explain these phenomena, a modified Newtonian droplet model was also proposed. These phenomena and the modified model may reveal how CTCs in the blood seed and invade vessels under suitable conditions.
Oral administration of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila strains from humans improves atopic dermatitis symptoms in DNCB induced NC/Nga mice
Authors: Lee Yoonmi , Byeon Hye Rim , Jang Seo-Yul , Hong Moon-Gi , Kim Dohak , Lee Dokyung , Shin Joo-Hyun , Kim Yesol , Kang Seung-Goo , Seo Jae-Gu
Published: May 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease, and its pathogenesis is closely associated with microbial homeostasis in the gut, namely the gut-skin axis. Particularly, recent metagenomics studies revealed that the abundance of two major bacterial species in the gut, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila, may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD, but the effect of these species in AD has not yet been elucidated. To evaluate the potential beneficial effect of F. prausnitzii or A. muciniphila in AD, we conducted an animal model study where F. prausnitzii EB-FPDK11 or A. muciniphila EB-AMDK19, isolated from humans, was orally administered to 2,5-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD models using NC/Nga mice at a daily dose of 108 CFUs/mouse for six weeks. As a result, the administration of each strain of F. prausnitzii and A. muciniphila improved AD-related markers, such as dermatitis score, scratching behavior, and serum immunoglobulin E level. Also, the F. prausnitzii and A. muciniphila treatments decreased the level of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), triggering the production of T helper (Th) 2 cytokines, and improved the imbalance between the Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by DNCB. Meanwhile, the oral administration of the bacteria enhanced the production of filaggrin in the skin and ZO-1 in the gut barrier, leading to the recovery of functions. Taken together, our findings suggest that F. prausnitzii EB-FPDK11 and A. muciniphila EB-AMDK19 have a therapeutic potential in AD, which should be verified in humans.
Activation of cannabinoid receptors in breast cancer cells improves osteoblast viability in cancer-bone interaction model while reducing breast cancer cell survival and migration
Authors: Khunluck Tueanjai , Lertsuwan Kornkamon , Chutoe Chartinun , Sooksawanwit Supagarn , Inson Ingon , Teerapornpuntakit Jarinthorn , Tohtong Rutaiwan , Charoenphandhu Narattaphol
Published: May 2022

The endocannabinoid system has been postulated to help restrict cancer progression and maintain osteoblastic function during bone metastasis. Herein, the effects of cannabinoid receptor (CB) type 1 and 2 activation on breast cancer cell and osteoblast interaction were investigated by using ACEA and GW405833 as CB1 and CB2 agonists, respectively. Our results showed that breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231)-derived conditioned media markedly decreased osteoblast-like UMR-106 cell viability. In contrast, media from MDA-MB-231 cells pre-treated with GW405833 improved UMR-106 cell viability. MDA-MB-231 cells were apparently more susceptible to both CB agonists than UMR-106 cells. Thereafter, we sought to answer the question as to how CB agonists reduced MDA-MB-231 cell virulence. Present data showed that co-activation of CB1 and CB2 exerted cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells by increasing apoptotic cell death through suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway in an ROS-independent mechanism. ACEA or GW405833 alone or in combination also inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Thus, it can be concluded that the endocannabinoid system is able to provide protection during breast cancer bone metastasis by interfering cancer and bone cell interaction as well as by the direct suppression of cancer cell growth and migration.
Multisensory mental representation in covid-19 patients and the possibility of long-lasting gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in the CNS
Authors: Tomasino Barbara , Pellitteri Gaia , Bax Francesco , Marini Alessandro , Surcinelli Andrea , Gigli Gian Luigi , Valente Mariarosaria
Published: May 2022

Gustatory (GD) and olfactory (OD) dysfunctions are the most frequent neurological manifestations of COVID-19. We used mental imagery as an experimental psychological paradigm to access olfactory and gustatory brain representations in 80 Italian COVID-19 adult patients (68.75% reported both OD and GD). COVID-19 patients with OD + GD have a significantly and selectively decreased vividness of odor and taste imagery, indicating that COVID-19 has an effect on their chemosensory mental representations. OD + GD length and type influenced the status of mental chemosensory representations. OD + GD were become all COVID-19 negative at the time of testing. Data suggest that patients are not explicitly aware of long-term altered chemosensory processing. However, differences emerge when their chemosensory function is implicitly assessed using self-ratings. Among patients developing OD + GD, self-ratings of chemosensory function (taste, flavor) were significantly lower as compared to those who did not. At the level of mental representation, such differences can be further detected, in terms of a reduced ability to mentally activate an odor or taste mental image. Our study shows that COVID-19 infection not only frequently causes hyposmia and dysgeusia, but that may also alter the mental representations responsible for olfactory and gustatory perception.
Torsional vibration analysis of shaft with multi inertias
Authors: Peng Tao , Yan Qun
Published: May 2022

An analytical method is proposed to investigate the torsional vibration of the uniform circular shaft with multiple concentrated inertias. The governing equation is established based on the Hamiltonian principle and verified by the dynamical method. The theoretical solutions of frequencies and mode shapes under different boundary conditions are obtained using the separation variable method and integral transformation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparison with existing literature. Considering the change of the magnitudes/positions/number of concentrated inertias, and different boundary conditions, the natural frequencies and mode shapes are discussed. Several general rules are obtained. Moreover, some interesting phenomena have been found and explained. The analytical method has applications in the design of shafting with multiple concentrated inertias and the reliability checking of the “approximate” solutions.
A long-tailed marine reptile from China provides new insights into the Middle Triassic pachypleurosaur radiation
Authors: Xu Guang-Hui , Ren Yi , Zhao Li-Jun , Liao Jun-Ling , Feng Dong-Hao
Published: May 2022

Pachypleurosaurs (Pachypleurosauroidea) are a group of small to medium-sized, lizard-like marine reptiles in the Early to Middle Triassic, including Pachypleurosauridae, Keichousauridae and closely related taxa. The group is generally considered as a sauropterygian radiation, but its phylogenetic interrelationships remain highly debated. Here, we present a new pachypleurosaurid,Honghesaurus longicaudalisgen. et sp. nov., from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian, ~ 244 Ma) marine deposits in Luxi, Yunnan, China. The discovery documents the first really long-tailed pachypleurosaur with totally 121 (69 caudal) vertebrae, providing new evidence for the vertebral multiplication and ecological adaption of this group. The long trunk associated with an incredibly long tail could provideHonghesaurusthe advantage of maneuverability and energy efficiency for lateral undulatory swimming.Honghesaurus, although possessing a series of autapomorphies, fills the morphological gap betweenQianxisaurusfrom the Ladinian Xingyi Biota andWumengosaurusfrom the Anisian Panxian Biota. Phylogenetic studies unite these three pachypleurosaurids as a monophyletic clade above European pachypleurosaurid clades and provide new insights into the interrelationships of this group. Our scenario of pachypleurosaurian phylogeny combined with the stratigraphic data imply that the Tethys Ocean was a west–east corridor for dispersal of pachypleurosaurids from Europe into South China.
Evaluation of the Chinese version of the constipation scoring system in Chinese women with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Liu Yanhua , Tan Man , Tan Cheng , Yang Xin
Published: May 2022

Defecation disorder is one of the main symptoms in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients. Our study aims to translate the Chinese version of the constipation scoring system (CSS) questionnaire and test the reliability and validity of its application in Chinese POP women. We recruited 140 women suffering prolapse with stage II or above POP who reported at least one abnormal defecation symptom. We chose CRADI-8 as the criterion validity. Cronbach's α coefficient of the total score of CSS was 0.721, the ICC and Kappa coefficient of CSS total score were 0.877 and 0.424, respectively. The total score of CSS was significantly correlated with the CRADI-8 score (p < 0.001), and Spearman's coefficient was 0.491. The total score of CSS in the women with constipation (according to Rome III criteria) was greater than that of patients without constipation (p < 0.001), and the total score of CSS was significantly different before and after surgery (p < 0.001), which was consistent with the change of CRADI-8. The median of the preoperative group was 6(3,10), and the median of the postoperative group was 3(0,7). These data demonstrate that the Chinese version of the CSS questionnaire has great internal consistency, retest reliability, and construct validity. It may be widely used to evaluate constipation symptoms in women with pelvic organ prolapse in China.
Anal incontinence after a prolonged second stage of labor in primiparous women
Authors: Bergendahl Sandra , Sandström Anna , Spasojevic Alexandra , Brismar Wendel Sophia
Published: May 2022

The objective was to investigate the effect of delivery mode on anal incontinence 1–2 years after delivery in primiparous women with prolonged second stage of labor. This population-based cohort and questionnaire study performed in Stockholm Region, Sweden, included 1302 primiparous women with a second stage ≥ 3 h from December 1st, 2017 through November 30th, 2018. Background characteristics and outcome data were retrieved from computerized records. Questionnaires based on Wexner score were distributed 1–2 years after delivery. Risk of anal incontinence, defined as Wexner score ≥ 2, was calculated using logistic regression and presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR and aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared with cesarean section, vacuum extraction was associated with anal incontinence (aOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.21–4.18) while spontaneous delivery was not (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 0.85–2.84). Anal incontinence was independently associated with obstetric anal sphincter injuries (aOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.17–3.5) and 2nd degree perineal tears (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03–1.81) compared with no or 1st degree perineal tear. Obstetric anal sphincter injury at vacuum extraction inferred the highest risk of anal incontinence (aOR 4.06, 95% CI 1.80–9.14), compared with cesarean section. Increasing duration of the prolonged second stage did not affect the risk.
Hydroclimate response of spring ecosystems to a two-stage Younger Dryas event in western North America
Authors: Pigati Jeffrey S. , Springer Kathleen B.
Published: May 2022

The Younger Dryas (YD) climate event is the preeminent example of abrupt climate change in the recent geologic past. Climate conditions during the YD were spatially complex, and high-resolution sediment cores in the North Atlantic, western Europe, and East Asia have revealed it unfolded in two distinct stages, including an initial stable climatic period between ~ 12.9 and 12.2 ka associated with a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and a second phase characterized by variable conditions until 11.7 ka as the AMOC recovered. Decades of investigations into the climate of western North America during the YD have failed to identify this stepped phenomenon. Here we present hydroclimate data from paleospring deposits in Death Valley National Park (California, USA) that demonstrate unequivocal evidence of two-stage partitioning within the YD event. High groundwater levels supported persistent and long-lived spring ecosystems between ~ 13.0 and 12.2 ka, which were immediately replaced by alternating wet and dry environments until ~ 11.8 ka. These results establish the mid-YD climate transition extended into western North America at approximately the same time it was recorded by hydrologic systems elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere and show that even short-lived changes in the AMOC can have profound consequences for ecosystems worldwide.
Realizing quasi-monochromatic switchable thermal emission from electro-optically induced topological phase transitions
Authors: Gupta Nitish Kumar , Srinivasu Sapireddy , Tiwari Anjani Kumar , Wanare Harshawardhan , Ramakrishna S. Anantha
Published: May 2022

Explorations into the photonic analogs of topological materials have garnered significant research interest due to their application potential. Particularly in planar systems, the prospects of engendering extinguishable topological states can have wide-ranging implications. With an objective of employing these concepts for thermal emission engineering, here, we design and numerically investigate a quasi-monochromatic highly directional mid-infrared source elicited from inversion symmetry-protected topological interface states. Notably, by relying on the architecture of electro-optic effect-induced topological phase transitions, we introduce the possibility of ultrafast switching of thermal radiation. These reversible phase transitions, being free from carrier transport are inherently fast and evoke thermal emission modulation with a modulation depth upto 0.99. Specifically, our platform exhibits a near-perfect extinguishable spectral emission peak at $$4~\mu$$

4

μ

m with a quality factor of over 18500, displaying negligible parasitic emissions. Furthermore, the optimized interface state manifests itself for only one of the polarization modes, resulting in polarized emission under resonance conditions. To establish a methodical approach to parameter optimization, we also model our platform as a leaky mode resonator using the framework of temporal coupled-mode theory. We believe, our findings can provide a way forward in establishing complete control over the optical characteristics of the infrared thermal emitters.
Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with white matter hyperintensity volume
Authors: Nam Ki-Woong , Kwon Hyung-Min , Jeong Han-Yeong , Park Jin-Ho , Kwon Hyuktae
Published: May 2022

Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory marker based on the composition ratio of blood cell counts. In this study, we evaluated the association between the SII and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in health check-up participants. We evaluated participants from our health check-up registry between 2006 and 2013. The SII was calculated using the following formula: SII = (platelet count × neutrophil count)/lymphocyte count. cSVD was assessed by considering white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, lacunes, and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). A total of 3187 participants were assessed. In multivariable linear regression analysis, the SII was significantly related to WMH volume [β = 0.120, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.050–0.189]. However, lacunes and CMBs showed no statistical significance with the SII. In the subgroup analysis by age, the SII was significantly associated with WMH volume only in participants aged ≥ 60 years (β = 0.225, 95% CI 0.068–0.381). In conclusion, a high SII was associated with cSVD. Since this association was more pronounced in WMH than in lacunes or CMBs, WMH might be closer to the inflammation-related pathological mechanisms.
Novel fold of rotavirus glycan-binding domain predicted by AlphaFold2 and determined by X-ray crystallography
Authors: Hu Liya , Salmen Wilhelm , Sankaran Banumathi , Lasanajak Yi , Smith David F. , Crawford Sue E. , Estes Mary K. , Prasad B. V. Venkataram
Published: May 2022

The VP8* domain of spike protein VP4 in group A and C rotaviruses, which cause epidemic gastroenteritis in children, exhibits a conserved galectin-like fold for recognizing glycans during cell entry. In group B rotavirus, which causes significant diarrheal outbreaks in adults, the VP8* domain (VP8*B) surprisingly lacks sequence similarity with VP8* of group A or group C rotavirus. Here, by using the recently developed AlphaFold2 for ab initio structure prediction and validating the predicted model by determining a 1.3-Å crystal structure, we show that VP8*B exhibits a novel fold distinct from the galectin fold. This fold with a β-sheet clasping an α-helix represents a new fold for glycan recognition based on glycan array screening, which shows that VP8*B recognizes glycans containing N-acetyllactosamine moiety. Although uncommon, our study illustrates how evolution can incorporate structurally distinct folds with similar functionality in a homologous protein within the same virus genus.
Stabilized director buckling patterns in nematic elastomers and their dynamic optical effects
Authors: Ohzono Takuya , Minamikawa Hiroyuki , Terentjev Eugene M.
Published: May 2022

Pearlescence and iridescence, which are a class of light diffusion effects that exhibit sharp viewing-angle-dependent brightness and colors, are important material properties for notification purposes and lighting devices. Here we report elastomeric materials with self-organized periodic birefringent patterns that exhibit these optical effects, with additional dynamic and reversible tunability. A stack of micron-thick layers, each of which has a nematic director tilted from the layer normal in a different direction, assembles a birefringence-pattern-based anisotropic diffuser in a nematic liquid-crystal elastomer. The periodic pattern is formed after buckling induced by the uniaxial thermal shrinkage, and the associated rotation of an initially uniform director state. The patterns can be stabilized by secondary crosslinking. Upon deformation or increasing the temperature, the light diffusion with viewing-angle-dependent colors reversibly fades owing to the diminishing of optical effects via strain-induced alignment or thermal randomization of birefringence, respectively. Such elastomers with tunable self-organized birefringence patterns can be used for reconfigurable optical elements and strain/temperature detection in the form of films, tapes, rods, and fibers.
Thiol–ene ionogels based on polymerizable imidazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Lewandowska Aneta , Gajewski Piotr , Szcześniak Katarzyna , Fojud Zbigniew , Robakowska Mariola , Skrzypczak Andrzej , Voelkel Adam , Marcinkowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

In this work, we report the synthesis of polymerizable ionic liquids (PILs) and the synthesis of ionogels by thiol–ene photopolymerization.
Slow magnetic relaxation for cobalt(ii) complexes in axial bipyramidal environment: an S = 1/2 spin case
Authors: Pilichos Evangelos , Font-Bardia Mercè , Cano Joan , Escuer Albert , Mayans Júlia
Published: May 2022

The slow magnetic relaxation for CoII cations in an unusual axial bipyramidal environment and psudo-spin 1/2 has been explored, showing a Direct plus Raman relaxation mechanism.
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) gel modified by a carbodiimide crosslinker for tissue regeneration
Authors: Karimi Fatemeh , Biazar Esmaeil , Heidari-Keshel Saeed , Pourjabbar Bahareh , Khataminezhad Mohammad Reza , Shirinbakhsh Shervin , Zolfaghari-Moghaddam S. Yasaman
Published: May 2022

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as a crosslinker can improve the physical and mechanical properties of PRF gel by forming covalent bonds.
Sugar based cationic magnetic core–shell silica nanoparticles for nucleic acid extraction
Authors: Ali Tammar Hussein , Mandal Amar Mousa , Heidelberg Thorsten , Hussen Rusnah Syahila Duali
Published: May 2022

New design of cationic magnetic core–shell nanoparticles fabricated with a large hydrophilic group (carbohydrate molecules) enabled high adsorption of a nucleic acid, easy isolation and controlled the movement by applying an external magnetic field.
Co/Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded in N-doped hierarchical porous carbon derived from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for zinc–air battery-based desalination
Authors: Dai Jinhong , Zhang Jingzhe , Karthick R. , Liang Mengjun , Wei Qiang , Chen Xuncai , Shi Yumeng , Zhai Shengli , Wang Guannan , Chen Fuming
Published: May 2022

A non-noble metal catalyst, Co/Fe3O4@ZIF-8C, with outstanding oxygen reduction activity, can realize an excellent desalination performance and energy output comparable to commercial Pt/C in the zinc–air battery-based desalination device.
Modulating the triplet chromophore environment to prolong the emission lifetime of ultralong organic phosphorescence
Authors: Yang Guohui , Lv Anqi , Xu Zixuan , Song Zhicheng , Shen Kang , Lin Chongyang , Niu Guowei , Ma Huili , Shi Huifang , An Zhongfu
Published: May 2022

We demonstrate that changes in the surrounding environment of the triplet chromophore play a crucial role in changing the organic room-temperature phosphorescence lifetime, with a range from 0.84 ms (ET) to 325.26 ms (MT).
Modulating the local structure of glass to promote in situ precipitation of perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots by introducing a network modifier
Authors: Fan Yanhong , Li Juqing , Lu Zhentong , Zhang Haoran , Li Wei , Zhuang Jianle , Hu Chaofan , Liu Yingliang , Lei Bingfu , Zhang Xuejie
Published: May 2022

High-quality CsPbBr3 QDs were regulated to be precipitated in borosilicate glass by introducing a network modifier, CaF2, and the roles of Ca ions and F ions on the nucleation/growth of CsPbBr3 QDs in glass were revealed.
A long non-coding RNA as a direct vitamin D target transcribed from the antisense strand of the human HSD17B2 locus
Authors: Kanemoto Yoshiaki , Nishimura Koichi , Hayakawa Akira , Sawada Takahiro , Amano Rei , Mori Jinichi , Kurokawa Tomohiro , Murakami Yoshinori , Kato Shigeaki
Published: May 2022

Vitamin D (VD) exerts a wide variety of actions via gene regulation mediated by the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) under physiological and pathological settings. However, the known target genes of VDR appear unlikely to account for all VD actions. We used in silico and transcriptomic approaches in human cell lines to search for non-coding RNAs transcriptionally regulated by VD directly. Four long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), but no microRNAs (miRNAs), were found, supported by the presence of consensus VDR-binding motifs in the coding regions. One of these lncRNAs (AS-HSD17β2) is transcribed from the antisense strand of the HSD17β2 locus, which is also a direct VD target. AS-HSD17β2 attenuated HSD17β2 expression. Thus, AS-HSD17β2 represents a direct lncRNA target of VD.
Feedback Processing During Probabilistic Learning in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study
Authors: Gul Asiya , Baron Lauren , Arbel Yael
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine feedback processing within the context of probabilistic learning in children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method:

The probabilistic category learning task required 28 children ages 8–13 years old to classify novel cartoon animals that differed in five binary features into one of two categories. Performance feedback guided incremental learning of the stimuli classifications. Feedback processing was compared between children with DLD and age-matched children with typical development (TD) by measuring the magnitude of feedback-related event-related potentials. Additionally, the likelihood of each group to repeat a classification of a stimulus following positive feedback (“stay” behavior) and change a classification following negative feedback (“switch” behavior) served as a measure of the consequence of feedback processing.

Results:

Children with DLD achieved lower classification accuracy on all learning outcomes compared to their peers with TD. Children with DLD were less likely than those with TD to demonstrate “stay” behavior or to repeat a correct response following positive feedback. “Switch” behavior or changing an incorrect response following negative feedback was found to be at chance level in both groups. Electrophysiological data indicated that children with DLD had a smaller feedback-related negativity effect (i.e., smaller differential processing of positive and negative feedback) when compared to children with TD. Although no differences were found between the two groups in the amplitude of the P3a, strong positive correlations were found between “stay/switch” behavior and the P3a for children in the TD group only.

Conclusions:

Children with DLD do not appear to benefit from incremental corrective feedback to the same extent as their peers with TD. Processing differences are captured in the initial stages of feedback evaluation and in translating information carried by the feedback to inform future actions.
A mini-chemical scheme with net reactions for 3D general circulation models
Authors: Tsai Shang-Min , Lee Elspeth K. H. , Pierrehumbert Raymond
Published: May 2022

Context. Growing evidence has indicated that the global composition distribution plays an indisputable role in interpreting observational data. Three-dimensional general circulation models (GCMs) with a reliable treatment of chemistry and clouds are particularly crucial in preparing for upcoming observations. In attempts to achieve 3D chemistry-climate modeling, the challenge mainly lies in the expensive computing power required for treating a large number of chemical species and reactions.

Aims. Motivated by the need for a robust and computationally efficient chemical scheme, we devise a mini-chemical network with a minimal number of species and reactions for H2-dominated atmospheres.

Methods. We apply a novel technique to simplify the chemical network from a full kinetics model, VULCAN, by replacing a large number of intermediate reactions with net reactions. The number of chemical species is cut down from 67 to 12, with the major species of thermal and observational importance retained, including H2O, CH4, CO, CO2, C2H2, NH3, and HCN. The size of the total reactions is also greatly reduced, from ~800 to 20. We validated the mini-chemical scheme by verifying the temporal evolution and benchmarking the predicted compositions in four exoplanet atmospheres (GJ 1214b, GJ 436b, HD 189733b, and HD 209458b) against the full kinetics of VULCAN.

Results. The mini-network reproduces the chemical timescales and composition distributions of the full kinetics well within an order of magnitude for the major species in the pressure range of 1 bar–0.1 mbar across various metallicities and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratios.

Conclusions. We have developed and validated a mini-chemical scheme using net reactions to significantly simplify a large chemical network. The small scale of the mini-chemical scheme permits simple use and fast computation, which is optimal for implementation in a 3D GCM or a retrieval framework. We focus on the thermochemical kinetics of net reactions in this paper and address photochemistry in a follow-up paper.
Existence and stability results for an isoperimetric problem with a non-local interaction of Wasserstein type
Authors: Candau-Tilh Jules , Goldman Michael
Published: May 2022

The aim of this paper is to prove the existence of minimizers for a variational problem involving the minimization under volume constraint of the sum of the perimeter and a non-local energy of Wasserstein type. This extends previous partial results to the full range of parameters. We also show that in the regime where the perimeter is dominant, the energy is uniquely minimized by balls.
Analysis of CSTR Temperature Control with PID, MPC & Hybrid MPC-PID Controller
Authors: Kumavat Mayur , Thale Sushil
Published: May 2022

This paper presents an analysis of the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) temperature control with the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller, Model Predictive Controller (MPC) and Hybrid-Model Predictive Controller-Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (MPC-PID). It is the main goal of this project to find a suitable improvement strategy for the system’s stability and accuracy to be more stable. By creating a model, the control system is implemented for all the above mentioned control methods and so comparative analysis is carried out to find the best control method for CSTR. Simulation data inspector is used to compare the performance of different types of control systems: PID, MPC and MPC-PID. It has been observed that the hybrid MPC-PID has a more effective control action than a PID controller; with some tuning, the MPC controller can maintain the temperature within a reference or set point range. The control and simulation toolbox is used to construct the model predictive control method in LabVIEW platform. The performance of controllers is measured in terms of settling time, rise time and percentage of overshoot. Finally, a comparative overview of PID, MPC and Hybrid MPC-PID controllers on system performance is presented and discussed.
Electric Heavy Vehicle Transportation Highway (By Catenary System)
Authors: Dhayarkar Suyash , Sontakke Suraj , Shinde Vipul , Ghuge Nilam
Published: May 2022

This paper provide a review of the latest work in the sector of electric vehicle. The transport Sector massively depends on Non-Renewable Sources. Continuous release of harmful substances in the surrounding by the vehicle should be confined and restore with alternative transportation. Electric Highway is one of efficient Solution. It is modern technology of electrical road systems. It is a technique in which electricity is taken from power grid through dynamic Pantograph which is attached with overhead transmission line. Thus, EV’s with a combination of Electric Highway can charge the battery in dynamic motion and reduce the time of recharging of a vehicle. Shortly, the paper introduces some features of EV, their limitation and one of the effective alternate modern solution considering the well-being of the environment.
Mayday – Automated Home Security System using IOT
Authors: Bhongale Vinay , Jagtap Ashlesha , Bhandarkar Ajit , Dongre Nilima
Published: May 2022

The rise in theft, break-ins, accidents which caused due to negligence at home. Now-a-days both parents are working, leaving their kids and elderly people at home, as all make mistake kids and elderly people too tend to make some mistake which may cause accidents. It is at great concern to develop a Security and Safety System which can detect these threats and try to notify the owner so that he can prevent it well in time. The Main aim of our project is to provide Security and Safety to the user by notifying the user if any hazardous activity is taking place in the presence or absence of the user. The hazardous activities may include opening of Door, Gas Leakage in kitchen, fire in the house (due to any reason like short-circuit, negligence, etc.). It can also help to avoid wastage of electricity. It will notify the user when someone opens the door, Recognize the face of person and send the data to the owner in form of alert. If the visitor is an intruder, owner can take necessary steps to stop the person. It will also notify about accidents in home like fire, gas or smoke. Face recognition will be used to segregate between authorized user and intruder.
Hexagonal Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for UWB Application
Authors: Singh Khushboo , Patil Sonal , Naik Ashwini , Kadam Sujata
Published: May 2022

Microstrip patch antennas is one of the most used antennas for wireless communication. Its key features include a limited bandwidth, low cost, and ease of manufacture. This paper describes about the design of microstrip patch antenna over the frequency range of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz for UWB applications. The substrate material chosen is FR4, having a loss tangent of 0.02, dielectric constant of 4.4, and substrate thickness of 1.59 mm. This work presents design of microstrip antenna with hexagonal shaped radiating patch. An antenna is modelled and analysed using HFSS 2021 R2 software. The antenna structure provides return loss which is less than -10 dB and a VSWR less than 2 over the specified frequency range. The simulated results of proposed hexagonal shaped microstrip patch antenna provides a peak gain of 5.32 dB with radiation efficiency of 90.88%. The planned antennas can be used for UWB applications.