bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oberflächliche Venenthrombose der Beinvenen – Eine systematische Übersicht – Teil 1: Definition, Ätiologie, Diagnostik
Authors: Rass Knuth , Gerontopoulou Stefania Aglaia , Wienert Volker
Published: May 2021

Einleitung Die oberflächliche Venenthrombose (OVT) der Beinvenen ist mit einer Inzidenz von 0,5–1/1000 Einwohner/Jahr ein häufiges und mit einer Frequenz assoziierter thromboembolischer Ereignisse in bis zu 25 % der Fälle ein ernst zu nehmendes Krankheitsbild. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit sollen alle relevanten Aspekte der OVT basierend auf der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Literatur behandelt werden.

Methoden Die systematische Übersicht umfasst das Wissen über die OVT basierend auf dem gesamten, systemisch recherchierten Erkenntnismaterial in den Datenbanken PubMed und Google Scholar. Eine Literaturrecherche in PubMed von Publikationen (1968–2018) mit den Suchbegriffen „Superficial vein thrombosis; thrombophlebitis“ ergab 102 aussagekräftige Arbeiten, die nach Vorlage der Originalarbeit ausgewertet wurden. Teil 1 der Arbeit behandelt Aspekte zur Definition, Klassifikation, Ätiologie und Diagnostik.

Ergebnisse Die OVT manifestiert sich klinisch neben den typischen Entzündungszeichen als strangförmige Induration, die Ausdruck eines thrombotischen Verschlusses epifaszialer Venen ist. Ätiologisch bedeutsam ist das Vorhandensein von Varikose (68 % der Fälle), Adipositas (23 %), Gerinnungsstörungen (18 %) und Tumorleiden (8 %). Das Durchschnittsalter der Betroffenen beträgt 62 Jahre, in 60 % der Fälle sind Frauen betroffen. Zunehmendes Lebensalter ist ein relevanter Risikofaktor. Diagnostisch ist es wichtig, das genaue Ausmaß der OVT zu beschreiben, insbesondere die Thrombuslänge und die Entfernung zum tiefen Venensystem. Dies, einschließlich der Beurteilung des tiefen Beinvenensystems, sollte bei jedem Patienten mit möglicher OVT zeitnah mittels Ultraschalldiagnostik erfolgen. Eine hier vorgeschlagene Klassifikation von 4 Ausprägungsgraden der OVT kann die Zuordnung zur aktuell empfohlenen Therapie erleichtern.

Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund der Häufigkeit und des Risikos potenziell lebensbedrohender Komplikationen sollte der OVT der Beinvenen eine größere Beachtung zukommen, insbesondere mit Blick auf eine spezialisierte Diagnostik durch Phlebologen.
The Target-Step-Test (TST) to Evaluate Locomotory Differentiation
Ability – Evaluation of the Test and Development of Norm Values for
Healthy People
Authors: Steinbach Julia , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Best Norman
Published: May 2021

Introduction There is need of a clinical assessment measuring locomotory
differentiation ability.

Objective The Target-Step-Test (TST) for evaluating the locomotory
differentiation ability should be checked for its reliability in the context of
practical application. Furthermore, it is necessary to define a standard value
range. In addition, an examination of the exercise attempts should enable a
statement to be made about the adequate test execution.

Materials and Methods 208 healthy adults between 18 and 45 years were
asked to perform the TST twice. The test procedures of 205 test persons could be
evaluated. The individual experiments and target steps were photo documented.
The 4 directions of movement included stepping forward with the right and left
leg and stepping to the side with the right and left leg. Each direction
contains 3 exercise steps with open eyes and one target step with closed eyes.
The difference to the target line was rounded up or down to 5 mm by the
raters.

Results For the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability as well as the
test-retest reliability high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and
corrected kappa values could be calculated. 90 % of the measurements
performed are within the range of −4.85 to 5 cm of the target line. The
testing of the measured value repetition shows no differences between 2nd and
3rd step with open eyes. Therefore, it should be sufficient to perform 2
exercise steps with open eyes before the decisive target step with closed
eyes.

Conclusions The TST is reliable regarding inter-rater, intra-rater and
test-retest reliability. The standard value range for healthy adults is set
to±5 cm distance from the target line. Regarding the test
procedure, it is sufficient to execute the target step with closed eyes after
practicing twice with open eyes. The Target-Step-Test is reliable and can easily
be carried out in daily routine to measure locomotory differentiation ability as
a step movement.
MRI Signs of Parkinson’s Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism
Authors: Aludin Schekeb , Schmill Lars-Patrick Andreas
Published: May 2021

Background Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism is based on clinical evaluation of the patient’s symptoms and on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, which can be supplemented by nuclear medicine techniques. MRI plays a leading role in the differentiation between Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism. While atypical parkinsonism is characterized by relatively specific MRI signs, imaging of Parkinson’s disease previously lacked such signs. However, high-field MRI and new optimized MRI sequences now make it possible to define specific MRI signs of Parkinson’s disease and have significant potential regarding differentiated imaging, early diagnosis, and imaging of disease progression.

Methods PubMed was selectively searched for literature regarding the definition and discussion of specific MRI signs of Parkinson’s disease, as well as the most common types of atypical parkinsonism with a leading motor component. No time frame was set, but the search was particularly focused on current literature.

Results This review article discusses the different MRI signs of Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. The pathogenesis of the MRI signs is described, and imaging examples are given. The technical aspects of image acquisition are briefly defined, and the different signs are discussed and compared with regard to their diagnostic significance according to current literature.

Conclusion The MRI signs of Parkinson’s disease, which can be defined with high-field MRI and new optimized MRI sequences, enable differentiated structural image interpretation and consecutive diagnostic workup. Despite the fact that the signs are in need of further validation by bigger studies, they have the potential to achieve significant diagnostic relevance regarding the imaging of Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Pediatric Buried Bumper Syndrome: Diagnostic Validity of Transabdominal Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Aguilar Caroline , Regensburger Adrian P. , Knieling Ferdinand , Wagner Alexandra L. , Siebenlist Gregor , Woelfle Joachim , Koehler Henrik , Hoerning André , Jüngert Jörg
Published: May 2021

Purpose Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) is a severe complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) resulting from overgrowth of gastric mucosa and penetration of the inner holding plate into the gastric wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of transabdominal ultrasound (US) in comparison to an artificial intelligence (AI) model for the diagnosis of BBS in children.

Materials and Methods In this monocentric retrospective study, pediatric US data concerning BBS from a ten-year period (2009–2019) were analyzed. US findings were compared to a clinical multiparameter-based AI model and reference standard endoscopy. Clinical risk factors for the occurrence of pediatric BBS were determined.

Results In n = 121 independent examinations of n = 82 patients, the placement of the inner holding plate of the PEG was assessed by US. In n = 18 cases BBS was confirmed. Recall and precision rates were 100 % for US and 88 % for the AI-based assessment. Risk factors for the occurrence of BBS were mobilization problems of the PEG (rs = 0.66, p < 0.001), secretion/exudation (rs = 0.29, p = 0.002), time between 1st PEG placement and US (rs = 0.38, p < 0.001), and elevated leukocyte count (rs = 0.24, p = 0.016).

Conclusion Transabdominal US enables correct, rapid, and noninvasive diagnosis of BBS in pediatric patients. Preceding AI models could aid during diagnostic workup. To avoid unnecessary invasive procedures, US could be considered as a primary diagnostic procedure in suspected BBS.
Schluss mit dem Blindflug
Authors: Wieteck Pia
Published: May 2021

Die Digitalisierung in der Pflege ist längst überfällig! Der Blindflug pflegerischen Leistungsgeschehens macht es nötig, die Einführung von Pflegeprozessdokumentation zu beschleunigen – und zwar an allen relevanten Schnittstellen.
Evaluation of Meal Carbohydrate Counting Errors in Patients with Type
1 Diabetes
Authors: Buck Sina , Krauss Collin , Waldenmaier Delia , Liebing Christina , Jendrike Nina , Högel Josef , Pfeiffer Boris M. , Haug Cornelia , Freckmann Guido
Published: May 2021

Aim Correct estimation of meal carbohydrate content is a prerequisite for
successful intensified insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. In this
survey, the counting error in adult patients with type 1 diabetes was
investigated.

Methods Seventy-four patients with type 1 diabetes estimated the
carbohydrate content of 24 standardized test meals. The test meals were
categorized into 1 of 3 groups with different carbohydrate content: low, medium,
and high. Estimation results were compared with the meals’ actual
carbohydrate content as determined by calculation based on weighing. A subgroup
of the participants estimated the test meals for a second (n=35) and a
third time (n=22) with a mean period of 11 months between the
estimations.

Results During the first estimation, the carbohydrate content was
underestimated by −28% (−50, 0) of the actual
carbohydrate content. Particularly meals with high mean carbohydrate content
were underestimated by −34% (−56, −13). Median
counting error improved significantly when estimations were performed for a
second time (p<0.001).

Conclusions Participants generally underestimated the carbohydrate content
of the test meals, especially in meals with higher carbohydrate content.
Repetition of estimation resulted in significant improvements in estimation
accuracy and is important for the maintenance of correct carbohydrate
estimations. The ability to estimate the carbohydrate content of a meal should
be checked and trained regularly in patients with diabetes.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antinociceptive Properties of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Aleurites moluccanus Bark
Authors: de Souza Márcia Maria , Chagas Luiz G. R. D. , Gonçalves Ana Elisa , Tomczak Marcelo , Reichert Simone , Schuquel Ivania T. A. , Cechinel-Filho Valdir , Meyre-Silva Christiane
Published: May 2021

Aleurites moluccanus is used in folk medicine to treat many diseases including pain and inflammatory processes in general. Considering the potential of the leaf extract, evidenced in a previous study, the present study investigates the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the hydroethanolic extract of A. moluccanus bark and isolated compounds in animal models of pain. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of A. moluccanus bark were evaluated through hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, PGE2, cytokines, bradykinin, epinephrine, Freundʼs complete adjuvant, and lipopolysaccharide. Five compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane bark extract: acetyl aleuritolic acid, atraric acid, spruceanol, (5β,10α)-12-hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one and sonderianol. To optimize the extraction conditions, ethanol 50, 70, and 90°GL were used as extracting solvent, in a 1 : 20 (w/v)
drug : solvent ratio, under stirring at room temperature for 4 h. The extracts were named AMC50, AMC70, and AMC90, respectively. These extracts were administered to mice (250 mg/kg, p. o.) with reduced mechanical hyperalgesia activity in the carrageenan test. Of these, AMC90 showed the best results. Pure (5β,10α)-12-hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one showed a beneficial effect for up to 48 hours after the administration of carrageenan, while acetyl aleuritolic acid was effective only in the first hour. AMC90 was able to reverse the analgesia induced only by prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor. We also induced hyperalgesia using the lipopolysaccharide and Freundʼs complete adjuvant models, with positive results. These results support the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of A. moluccanus bark extract. The observed effects are partly due to the presence of acetyl aleuritolic acid, atraric acid, and
(5β,10α)-12-hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one.
Copper-Catalyzed Sulfonylation of Cyclobutanone Oxime Esters with Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Lu Jiansha , Leng Yuting , Dong Bingbing , Bao Honghao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Yingguo
Published: May 2021

A copper-catalyzed radical cross-coupling of cyclobutanone oxime esters with sulfonyl hydrazides has been developed. The copper-based catalytic system proved crucial for cleavage of the C−C bond of cyclobutanone oximes and for selective C–S bond-formation involving persistent sulfonyl-metal radical intermediates. This protocol is distinguished by the low-cost catalytic system, which does not require ligand, base, or toxic cyanide salt, and by the use of readily accessible starting materials, as well as broad substrate scope, providing an efficient approach to various diversely substituted cyano-containing sulfones.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzo[b]furan Derivatives from the Cross-Coupling Reactions of 2-Halobenzo[b]furans with Organoalane Reagents
Authors: Li Qinghan , Wen Chang , Wu Chuan , Luo Ruiqiang , Chen Feng
Published: May 2021

A highly efficient and simple route for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]furans has been developed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-halobenzo[b]furans with aryl, alkynyl, and alkylaluminum reagents. Various 2-aryl-, 2-alkynyl-, and 2-alkyl-substituted benzo[b]furan derivatives can be obtained in 23–97% isolated yields using 2–3 mol% PdCl2/4–6 mol% XantPhos as the catalyst under mild reaction conditions. The aryls bearing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups in 2-halobenzo[b]furans gave products in 40–97% isolated yields. In addition, aluminum reagents containing thienyl, furanyl, trimethylsilanyl, and benzyl groups worked efficiently with 2-halobenzo[b]furans as well, and three bioactive molecules with 2-substituted benzo[b]furan skeleton were synthesized. Furthermore, the broad substrates scope and the typical maintenance of vigorous efficiency on gram scale make this protocol a potentially practical method to synthesize 2-substituted benzo[b]furan derivatives. On the basis of the experimental results, a possible catalytic cycle has been proposed.
Strategic Synthesis of Asymmetrically Substituted C4N4 Fluorophores
Authors: Shibasaki Masakatsu , Kumagai Naoya , Xu Wei , Kohei Miki
Published: May 2021

C4N4 fluorophores comprise a recently disclosed new class of emissive organic molecules with modular synthetic capabilities. Herein, we report a new synthetic protocol toward asymmetrically di­arylated C4N4 fluorescent materials. Direct monoarylation of 1-naphthol is exploited to suppress undesired diarylation and to provide a free phenolic hydroxy group for prospective linking to a molecule of interest. Installation of the second aromatic unit in order to acquire fluorescent properties is achieved by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling.
Nickel-Catalyzed Oxidative Transamidation of Tertiary Aromatic Amines with N-Acylsaccharins
Authors: Liu Shengzhang , Yang Lingyun , Wang Tao , Fu Junkai , Tao Jiasi , Yu Weijie
Published: May 2021

The use of tertiary amines as surrogates for secondary amines has prominent advantages in terms of stabilization and ease of handling. A Ni-catalyzed transamidation of N-acylsaccharins with tertiary aromatic amines is reported. By using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the terminal oxidant, this reaction permits selective cleavage of the C(sp3)–N bonds of unsymmetrical tertiary aromatic amines depending on the sizes of the alkyl substituents.
A Review on Synthetic Approaches towards Kavalactones
Authors: Tadiparthi Krishnaji , Anand Pragya
Published: May 2021

Kavalactones are classes of α-pyrone and 5,6-dihydropyrone derivatives showing various biological activities, and numerous approaches have been reported for the preparation of these molecules. In this review, we discuss the different synthetic approaches towards these naturally occurring lactones, in both racemic and enantiomerically pure forms, that have been reported in the literature to date. It is hoped that this review will assist researchers in the development of additional and efficient synthetic routes towards kavalactones.

1 Introduction

2 Synthetic Approaches for the Preparation of Kavalactones

3 Conclusion
Differential Diagnosis of Calvarial Tumors: A Series of 8 Cases
Authors: Sharma Jitesh Kumar , Kataria Rashim , Choudhary Madhur , Purohit Devendra Kumar
Published: May 2021

Introduction To present and discuss the clinical presentations, investigations, and treatment options for skull bone tumors.

Materials and Methods This study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019 at the Department of Neurosurgery. During this period, eight patients presented with skull bone tumor in the outpatient department. All patients were thoroughly investigated. Surgery was conducted on six patients and two patients had disseminated carcinoma; hence, surgery was not done. Patients were regularly followed-up after the surgery.

Results In our study, out of eight cases, five were females and three were males. We had two cases of fibrous dysplasia, two cases of osteomas, and one case each of brown tumor, metastases from lung carcinoma, metastases from follicular carcinoma of thyroid, and Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Excision of tumor was performed where indicated and adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy was suggested wherever required.

Conclusion Bony tumors of the skull are uncommon diseases for the neurosurgeons. These tumors require a careful diagnosis with suitable radiological examinations and proper clinical correlation for proper management.
Lumbar Subarachnoid Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Chandrakanth Kanakam , G. Krishna Kumar , Reddy Ravi Suman , Multani Kartik Manoj
Published: May 2021

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection of brain. Spinal NCC is commonly seen in association with cranial lesions. However, they do present rarely as isolated spinal lesions. Spinal NCC may present with vague symptoms, pain, paraparesis or, sometimes as, cauda equina syndrome. Spinal NCC with neurological deficits is an emergency, and it should be operated immediately followed by antiparasitic medications. We report a primary lumbar NCC patient, who presented with radicular pain. She underwent complete excision of cyst.
Use of Emotional and Neutral Speech in Evaluating Compression Speeds
Authors: Korhonen Petri , Kuk Francis , Slugocki Christopher , Davis-Ruperto Neal
Published: May 2021

Abstract Background Emotional speech differs from neutral speech in its envelope characteristics. Use of emotional speech materials may be more sensitive for evaluating signal processing algorithms that affect the temporal envelope. Purpose Subjective
listener preference was compared between variable speed compression (VSC) and fast acting compression (FAC) amplitude compression algorithms using neutral and emotional speech. Research Design The study used a single-blinded, repeated measures design. Study Sample Twenty
hearing-impaired (HI) listeners with a bilaterally symmetrical, mild- to-moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss and 21 listeners with normal hearing (NH) participated. Intervention Speech was processed using FAC and VSC algorithms. Data Collection and Analysis A
paired-comparison paradigm assessed subjective preference for FAC versus VSC using emotional and neutral speech materials. The significance of subjective preference for compression algorithm (FAC or VSC) was evaluated using a linear mixed effects model at each combination of stimulus type
(emotional or neutral speech) and hearing group (NH or HI). Results HI listeners showed a preference for VSC over FAC when listening to emotional speech. The same listeners showed a nonsignificant, preference for VSC over FAC when listening to neutral speech. NH listeners showed
preference for VSC over FAC for both neutral and emotional speech materials. Conclusion These results suggest that the subjective sound quality of emotional speech is more susceptible than neutral speech to changes in the signal introduced by FAC. Clinicians should consider
including emotional speech materials when evaluating listener preference for different compression speeds in the clinic.
Effects of Tinnitus Sound Therapy Determined Using Subjective Measurements
Authors: Jin In-Ki , Choi Soon-Je , Yoo Jeeun , Jeong Seungyeop , Heo Sohee , Oh Hongyeop
Published: May 2021

Abstract Background Sound therapy is generally considered as an effective method for relieving tinnitus. There have been various reports on the effects of tinnitus interventions involving sound therapy as a component; however, there have been only a small number
of reports on the effects of sound therapy itself on tinnitus. Purpose The aim of the study is to elucidate whether sound therapy significantly improves tinnitus as determined by subjective measurements. Research Design Prospective study involves within-subject
(baseline, 3-month, 6-month) measurements. Study Sample This includes 16 adults with subjective and sensorineural tinnitus. Intervention Participants undertook sound therapy for 3 hours a day for 6 months. The level of stimulus for sound therapy was set
to the mixing point of each participant. No counseling was provided. Data Collection and Analysis Participants rated the visual analog scale for loudness and annoyance using a numeric 0 to 100 point scale and completed the Korean version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire
at the baseline, 3-month, and 6-month time points. Results Sound therapy led to significant improvements of tinnitus in participants in all subjective measurements. Significant effects were found not only between the baseline and 3-month but also between the 3-month and 6-month
follow-ups. Conclusion Results of the present study showed that the sound therapy alone led to significant improvements of tinnitus in participants as assessed by subjective measurements. To improve the effects of sound therapy, consistent sound therapy may be required for
a certain period of time such as 3 hours a day over a 6-month period.
Advancements in Stem Cell Technology and Organoids for the Restoration of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Bergman Jenna E. , Davies Camron , Denton Alexa J. , Ashman Peter E. , Mittal Rahul , Eshraghi Adrien A.
Published: May 2021

Abstract Background Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a significant cause of morbidity worldwide and currently has no curative treatment. Technological advancements in stem cell therapy have led to numerous studies that examine the generation of otic sensory
cells from progenitors to restore inner ear function. Recently, organoids have emerged as a promising technique to further advance the process of creating functional replacement cells after irreversible hearing loss. Organoids are the three-dimensional generation of stem cells in culture to
model the tissue organization and cellular components of the inner ear. Organoids have emerged as a promising technique to create functioning cochlear structures in vitro and may provide crucial information for the utilization of stem cells to restore SNHL. Purpose The purpose
of this review is to discuss the recent advancements in stem cell-based regenerative therapy for SNHL. Results Recent studies have improved our understanding about the developmental pathways involved in the generation of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. However, significant
challenges remain in elucidating the molecular interactions and interplay required for stem cells to differentiate and function as otic sensory cells. A few of the challenges encountered with traditional stem cell therapy may be addressed with organoids. Conclusion Stem cell-based
regenerative therapy holds a great potential for developing novel treatment modalities for SNHL. Further advancements are needed in addressing the challenges associated with stem cell-based regenerative therapy and promote their translation from bench to bedside.
Automated Audiometry in Quiet and Simulated Exam Room Noise for Listeners with Normal Hearing and Impaired Hearing
Authors: Bean Brianna N. , Roberts Richard A. , Picou Erin M. , Angley Gina P. , Edwards Amanda J.
Published: May 2021

Abstract Background Up to 80% of audiograms could be automated which would allow more time for provision of specialty services. Ideally, automated audiometers would provide accurate results for listeners with impaired hearing as well as normal hearing. Additionally,
accurate results should be provided both in controlled environments like a sound-attenuating room but also in test environments that may support greater application when sound-attenuating rooms are unavailable. Otokiosk is an iOS-based system that has been available for clinical use, but there
are not yet any published validation studies using this product. Purpose The purpose of this project was to complete a validation study on the OtoKiosk automated audiometry system in quiet and in low-level noise, for listeners with normal hearing and for listeners with impaired
hearing. Research Design Pure tone air conduction thresholds were obtained for each participant for three randomized conditions: standard audiometry, automated testing in quiet, and automated testing in noise. Noise, when present, was 35 dBA overall and was designed
to emulate an empty medical exam room. Study Sample Participants consisted of 11 adults with hearing loss and 15 adults with normal hearing recruited from the local area. Data Collection and Analysis Thresholds were measured at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz
using the Otokiosk system that incorporates a modified Hughson-Westlake method. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and also by a linear mixed-effects model to compare thresholds obtained in each condition. Results Across condition and participant group 73.6%
of thresholds measured with OtoKiosk were within ± 5 dB of the conventionally measured thresholds; 92.8% were within ± 10 dB. On average, differences between tests were small. Pairwise comparisons revealed thresholds were ∼3.5‐4 dB
better with conventional audiometry than with the mobile application in quiet and in noise. Noise did not affect thresholds measured with OtoKiosk. Conclusions The OtoKiosk automated hearing test measured pure tone air conduction thresholds from 500 to 4,000 Hz at slightly
higher thresholds than conventional audiometry, but less than the smallest typical 5 dB clinical step-size. Our results suggest OtoKiosk is a reasonable solution for sound booths and exam rooms with low-level background noise.
Embryo Glue: The Use of Hyaluronan in Embryo Transfer Media
Authors: Atkinson Beth , Woodland Emma
Published: May 2021

EmbryoGlue is available to patients at many in vitro fertilization clinics, usually at an additional cost. The efficacy of hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium (HETM) is supported by moderate quality evidence that indicates a significant improvement in clinical outcomes such as live birth rates for patients, including poorer prognosis women (i.e., maternal age factor [>35 years] and recurrent implantation failure). An increased multiple pregnancy rate has been reported with the use of HETM; therefore, a single embryo transfer policy should be considered in conjunction with the use of EmbryoGlue. There is no evidence to suggest that HETM has any detrimental impact, and therefore the use of HETM in clinics may be justified for a specific demographic of patients. Further robust evidence, in the form of meta-analyses or large-scale randomized controlled trials, is needed to build a sufficient consensus regarding the benefit of hyaluronan supplementation in embryo transfer media.
Studie: Komplexe logistische Prozesse als Kostentreiber
Authors: Schilling Max
Published: May 2021

Mit zunehmendem finanziellem Druck auf das Gesundheitssystem tritt das Kostenbewusstsein mehr und mehr in den Vordergrund. Hierbei werden zu häufig nur direkte Sachkosten mit in Betracht gezogen – komplexe logistische Prozesse als Kostentreiber häufig aufgrund mangelnder Transparenz nicht betrachtet. Ein Blick auf die Endoskopie zeigt Optimierungspotenziale anhand einer Studie auf.
Erfahrungsbericht: Logistikdienstleister in Pandemiezeiten
Authors: Kulas Michael
Published: May 2021

Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat in den letzten Monaten verdeutlicht, dass die Versorgungssicherheit und das Qualitätsniveau der Patientenversorgung entscheidend durch die Ressourceneffizienz und -bereitstellung am jeweiligen Point-of-Care bestimmt wird. Es wurde deutlich, dass neben der Disposition die zeitliche und örtliche Verfügbarkeit von Medizinprodukten, Ge- und Verbrauchsgütern entscheidend für die Patientenversorgung sind.
Influence of uniform compression on fluctuation paraconductivity of single crystals Y0.77Pr0.23 Ba2Cu3O7−δ
Authors: Khadzhai G. Ya. , Vovk N. R. , Vovk R. V.
Published: May 2021

The work investigated the effect of high hydrostatic pressure up to 12 kbar on the fluctuation conductivity of medium-doped praseodymium (x≈0.23) single-crystal Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ samples. It was found that in contrast to the pure YBa2Cu3O7−δ samples and the Y0.95Pr0.05Ba2Cu3O7−δ samples lightly doped with praseodymium, the application of high pressure leads to a significant decrease in the transverse coherence length ξc and an increase in the baric derivative dTc/dP. Possible mechanisms of the effect of high pressure on the critical temperature and coherence length in the bulk of the experimental sample are discussed.
Return current of dc SQUID based on tunnel Josephson junctions with unconventional current-phase relation
Authors: Askerzade I. N. , Askerbeyli R.
Published: May 2021

We carried out the analysis of the return current of dc SQUID based on tunnel Josephson junction with unconventional current-phase relation. We analyzed two cases of current-phase relation with additional terms to the first harmonic sin φ: a case of the second harmonic sin 2φ and the case of the fractional term sin (φ/2). It is shown that the changing of the return current of dc SQUID on junctions with unconventional current-phase relation is determined by the amplitude of the second term in current-phase relation, geometrical inductance, and external magnetic field.
Debye model for the surface phonons
Authors: Poluektov Yu. M.
Published: May 2021

A quantum description of the surface waves in an isotropic elastic body without the use of the semiclassical quantization is proposed. The problem about the surface waves is formulated in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian representations. Within the framework of the generalized Debye model, the contribution of the surface phonons (“rayleighons”) to thermodynamic functions is calculated. It is emphasized that the role of the surface phonons can be significant and even decisive in low-dimensional systems, granular and porous media, and that their contribution to the total heat capacity increases with decreasing temperature.
Electronic spectra and structure of 1- and 2-fluoronaphthalene impurity centers in crystalline naphthalene
Authors: Curmei M. D. , Melnyk V. I. , Klishevich G. V. , Bezrodna T. V. , Nesprava V. V. , Roshchin O. M.
Published: May 2021

The results of experimental investigations on the low-temperature fluorescence and absorption spectra of the 1- and 2-fluoronaphthalene impurities in the crystalline naphthalene are presented and analyzed. When the 1- and 2-fluoronaphthalene concentrations are less than 1%, the absorption and fluorescence spectra are shown to be composed of two identical band series, induced by the formation of two different centers, consisting of the single impurity molecules. The impurity concentration increase of over 1% results in the appearance of the additional structure in the polarized absorption spectra near the 0-0 bands of the single centers in a form of narrow bands with similar intensity and different polarization. This structure is associated with a formation of impurity paired centers, consisting of the two resonantly interacting molecules of either 1-fluoronaphthalene, or 2-fluoronaphthalene. Besides, in the case of the 2-fluoronaphthalene, the absorption spectra contain intense peaks, located ∼ 45 cm−1 higher in frequency, relative to the 0−0 transition bands for each single-center, and consisted of complexes of narrow lines. These spectral peaks are also explained by a formation of impurity paired centers, but here interactions between the molecules are not resonant. For the pure naphthalene crystal factors, causing the observation of additional oppositely polarized weak bands in the absorption spectra at ∼ 10 cm−1 near the Davydov doublet components, are described.
Hurricane-like flows revealed in curved cellular membranes
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: May 2021

An improved understanding of vortex flows in cell membranes could help engineer microswimmers and nanobots.
Determining the electrical conductivity of metals using the 2 MA Thor pulsed power driver
Authors: Porwitzky Andrew , Cochrane Kyle R. , Stoltzfus Brian
Published: May 2021

We present the development of a pulsed power experimental technique to infer the electrical conductivity of metals from ambient to high energy density conditions. The method is implemented on Thor, a moderate scale (1–2 MA) pulsed power driver. The electrical conductivity of copper at elevated temperature (>4000 K) and pressure (>10 GPa) is determined, and a new tabular material model is developed, guided by density functional theory, which preserves agreement with existing experimental data. Minor modifications (<10%) are found to be necessary to the previous Lee–More–Desjarlais model isotherms in the vicinity of the melt transition in order to account for observed discrepancies with the new experimental data. An analytical model for magnetic direct drive flyer acceleration and Joule heating induced vaporization based on the Tsiolkovsky “rocket equation” is presented to assess sensitivity of the method to minor changes in electrical conductivity.
Frequency response of a magnetostrictive wire–polymer composite
Authors: Alaei Sauviz P. , Richardson Thomas I. , Dahlberg E. Dan
Published: May 2021

The frequency-dependent magnetostriction of five samples of a ferromagnetic steel wire–polymer composite was investigated from 3 to 70 Hz. The volume fractions, or “loadings,” of steel wires in the samples were 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.20. All samples exhibited a resonance at about 40 Hz, with damping and magnetostriction that generally increases with increased wire loading. A decrease in the overall magnetostriction of the 0.20 loading sample is attributed to mechanical blocking of the wire rotations in the polymer. The loading-dependent damping and an unexpected low-frequency behavior were explained by the time-dependent magnetic response of the wires.
Dominant recombination path in low-bandgap kesterite CZTSe(S) solar cells from red light induced metastability
Authors: Lyam Mbafan S. , Hölscher Torsten , Maiberg Matthias , Cabas-Vidani Antonio , Hernandez-Martinez Alejandro , Tampo Hitoshi , Scheer Roland
Published: May 2021

Hetero-junction kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells with low bandgap obtained from three different methods of fabrication were exposed to red light illumination, and the changes observed in their electronic properties due to this exposure were studied via open circuit voltage transients, admittance spectroscopy, capacitance voltage profiling techniques, and SCAPS simulation fits to experimental data. The results from the aforementioned techniques, in combination with temperature-dependent current voltage analysis, can be used to reveal the dominant Shockley–Read–Hall recombination path at open circuit voltage. We also derived analytical expressions for the activation energy of the saturation current density and the diode quality factor for the specific case of a solar cell device that has no type inversion at the absorber/buffer interface and is limited by interface recombination in the open circuit condition. It is found that the dominant recombination pathway for the low bandgap Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells under consideration is located in the space charge region and not at the absorber/buffer interface.
On the possibility of recording and studying human movement activity with seismic sensors of a new type: Advantages and prospects of the single-layer flat-coil-oscillator technology based sensors
Authors: Gevorgyan S. G. , Khachunts A. S. , Gevorgyan G. S. , Shirinyan H. G. , Gevorgyan V. S. , Kurghinyan B. K. , Khachunts S. A.
Published: May 2021

This paper presents main classes and varieties of sensors developed on the basis of the single-layer flat-coil-oscillator (SFCO) technology. The results of registration of human activity (steps and jumps) by seismic sensors based on this technology are presented and discussed in this paper. We applied some algorithms for digital processing of “RAW” data coming from vibrational seismic SFCO sensors, which made it possible to detect and mark out human steps and jumps from the background of natural ground vibrations. The unprecedented sensitivity of these sensors has been demonstrated, which, under favorable conditions (low natural ground vibrations), enables step-by-step registration of human activity at distances up to 350–370 m from the sensor installation point in the ground. The advantages of three-dimensional (3D) SFCO seismic sensors, which allow detecting human activity even with unfavorable environmental parameters and filtering features of the soil due to their anisotropy, have been demonstrated. The possibility of detecting soil features with new SFCO sensors is also shown. Possible applications of vibration seismic SFCO sensors in other areas are also discussed.
Rethinking the definition of rate-induced tipping
Authors: Hoyer-Leitzel Alanna , Nadeau Alice N.
Published: May 2021

The current definition of rate-induced tipping is tied to the idea of a pullback attractor limiting in forward and backward time to a stable quasi-static equilibrium. Here, we propose a new definition that encompasses the standard definition in the literature for certain scalar systems and includes previously excluded N-dimensional systems that exhibit rate-dependent critical transitions.
Transport in non-ideal, multi-species plasmas
Authors: Stanton Liam G. , Bergeson Scott D. , Murillo Michael S.
Published: May 2021

Charged particle transport plays a critical role in the evolution of high energy-density plasmas. As high-fidelity plasma models continue to incorporate new micro-physics, understanding multi-species plasma transport becomes increasingly important. We briefly outline theoretical challenges of going beyond single-component systems and binary mixtures as well as emphasize the roles experiment, simulation, theory, and modeling can play in advancing this field. The 2020 Division of Plasma Physics mini-conference on transport in Transport in Non-Ideal, Multi-Species Plasmas was organized to bring together a broad community focused on modeling plasmas with many species. This special topics issue of Physics of Plasmas touches on aspects of ion transport presented at that mini-conference. This special topics issue will provide some context for future growth in this field.
Lu2O3: A promising ultrawide bandgap semiconductor for deep UV photodetector
Authors: Zhang Dan , Lin Wanmin , Lin Zhuogeng , Jia Lemin , Zheng Wei , Huang Feng
Published: May 2021

Lutetium oxide (Lu2O3), an ultrawide semiconductor with an intrinsic bandgap of 5.5–5.9 eV, has been proposed as a potential material for a high- performance deep-ultraviolet (DUV) photodetector. Here, crystal oriented Lu2O3 films with bandgap of 5.6 eV are grown on GaN substrates through sputtering Lu2O3 target, based on which a graphene/Lu2O3/GaN DUV photovoltaic detector is constructed with its photoelectric performance being systematically studied. According to our research, under 0 V bias and 185 nm DUV irradiation, this device shows a high photoresponsivity of ∼13.7 μA/W, a short response time of ∼0.4 s, and a high light to dark current ratio of >600, which is about 1 order of magnitude higher than that of a currently reported DUV photovoltaic detector based on other films grown by magnetron sputtering. This research helps to broaden the range of candidate materials for DUV photodetectors and can work as a significant reference to develop the technology for device fabrication.
Cubic aromaticity in ligand-stabilized doped Au superatoms
Authors: López-Estrada Omar , Selenius Elli , Zuniga-Gutierrez Bernardo , Malola Sami , Häkkinen Hannu
Published: May 2021

The magnetic response of valence electrons in doped gold-based M@Au8L8q superatoms (M = Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Cd, Hg, Ir, and Rh; L = PPh3; and q = 0, +1, +2) is studied by calculating the gauge including magnetically induced currents (GIMIC) in the framework of the auxiliary density functional theory. The studied systems include 24 different combinations of the dopant, total cluster charge, and cluster structure (cubic-like or oblate). The magnetically induced currents (both diatropic and paratropic) are shown to be sensitive to the atomic structure of clusters, the number of superatomic electrons, and the chemical nature of the dopant metal. Among the cubic-like structures, the strongest aromaticity is observed in Pd- and Pt-doped M@Au8L80 clusters. Interestingly, Pd- and Pt-doping increases the aromaticity as compared to a similar all-gold eight-electron system Au9L8+1. With the recent implementation of the GIMIC in the deMon2k code, we investigated the aromaticity in the cubic and butterfly-like M@Au8 core structures, doped with a single M atom from periods 5 and 6 of groups IX–XII. Surprisingly, the doping with Pd and Pt in the cubic structure increases the aromaticity compared to the pure Au case not only near the central atom but encompassing the whole metallic core, following the aromatic trend Pd > Pt > Au. These doped (Pd, Pt)@Au8 nanoclusters show a closed shell 1S21P6 superatom electronic structure corresponding to the cubic aromaticity rule 6n + 2.
Polarization tuning of an H1 organic–inorganic nano-cavity
Authors: Murshidy Mohamed M. , Adawi Ali M. , Fry Paul W. , Lidzey David G.
Published: May 2021

We investigate the optical properties of the dipole-like modes of an H1 nano-cavity consisting of a single missing airhole imbedded into a triangular two-dimensional silicon nitride (Si3N4) based photonic crystal coated with a red-fluorescent molecular dye. We modify the size and position of the first six neighboring airholes around the nano-cavity and demonstrate that this allows control over the energy and separation of two dipole-like optical modes (Mx and My). This allows us to produce either linearly polarized optical modes or an unpolarized optical mode composed of degenerate modes having orthogonal polarization. We confirm our findings using three-dimensional finite difference time domain calculations.
Chasing unphysical TD-DFT excited states in transition metal complexes with a simple diagnostic tool
Authors: Maschietto Federica , Campetella Marco , Sanz García Juan , Adamo Carlo , Ciofini Ilaria
Published: May 2021

Transition Metal Complexes (TMCs) are known for the rich variety of their excited states showing different nature and degrees of locality. Describing the energies of these excited states with the same degree of accuracy is still problematic when using time-dependent density functional theory in conjunction with the most current density functional approximations. In particular, the presence of unphysically low lying excited states possessing a relevant Charge Transfer (CT) character may significantly affect the spectra computed at such a level of theory and, more relevantly, the interpretation of their photophysical behavior. In this work, we propose an improved version of the MAC index, recently proposed by the authors and collaborators, as a simple and computationally inexpensive diagnostic tool that can be used for the detection and correction of the unphysically predicted low lying excited states. The analysis, performed on five prototype TMCs, shows that spurious and ghost states can appear in a wide spectral range and that it is difficult to detect them only on the basis of their CT extent. Indeed, both delocalization of the excited state and CT extent are criteria that must be combined, as in the MAC index, to detect unphysical states.
Azide-based bioorthogonal chemistry: Reactions and its advances in cellular and biomolecular imaging
Authors: Alamudi Samira Husen , Liu Xiao , Chang Young-Tae
Published: May 2021

Since the term “bioorthogonal” was first demonstrated in 2003, new tools for bioorthogonal chemistry have been rapidly developed. Bioorthogonal chemistry has now been widely utilized for applications in imaging various biomolecules, such as proteins, glycoconjugates, nucleic acids, and lipids. Contrasting the chemical reactions or synthesis that are typically executed in vitro with organic solvents, bioorthogonal reactions can occur inside cells under physiological conditions. Functional groups or chemical reporters for bioorthogonal chemistry are highly selective and will not perturb the native functions of biological systems. Advances in azide-based bioorthogonal chemical reporters make it possible to perform chemical reactions in living systems for wide-ranging applications. This review discusses the milestones of azide-based bioorthogonal reactions, from Staudinger ligation and copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The development of bioorthogonal reporters and their capability of being built into biomolecules in vivo have been extensively applied in cellular imaging. We focus on strategies used for metabolic incorporation of chemically tagged molecular building blocks (e.g., amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleotides, and lipids) into cells via cellular machinery systems. With the aid of exogenous bioorthogonally compatible small fluorescent probes, we can selectively visualize intracellular architectures, such as protein, glycans, nucleic acids, and lipids, with high specificity to help in answering complex biological problems.
Butyrate enhances CPT1A activity to promote fatty acid oxidation and iTreg differentiation
Authors: Hao Fengqi , Tian Miaomiao , Zhang Xinbo , Jin Xin , Jiang Ying , Sun Xue , Wang Yang , Peng Pinghui , Liu Jia , Xia Chaoyi , Feng Yunpeng , Wei Min
Published: May 2021

Significance

Inducible Treg (iTreg) cells are crucial for the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. iTreg differentiation has been recently linked with metabolic reprogramming in fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Butyrate, a specific type of short-chain fatty acid readily produced from fiber-rich diets through microbial fermentation, was previously found to promote iTreg generation as an HDAC inhibitor and critical for intestinal homeostasis. Here, we revealed that butyrate could also facilitate iTreg differentiation by enhancing FAO. This process relies on butyrate conversion to butyryl-CoA, which directly targets CPT1A, the rate-limiting enzyme in FAO, to unleash CPT1A activity for iTreg differentiation. Together, our findings depict a previously unappreciated mechanism for the regulation of iTreg differentiation and fine-tuning of the intestinal immune homeostasis by butyrate.