bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of ondansetron and granisetron in combination with dexamethasone-in prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in laproscopic cholecystectomies
Authors: Nanjundaswamy Nethra H. , Sridhara Raghavendra Biligiri
Published: January 2018

Background: Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem and distressing symptom in surgical patient population. General anaesthesia with inhalational agents is associated with an average PONV incidence of 20-30 % in surgical patients. PONV is difficult to treat and needs multiple drugs and combination of drugs. Granisetron and Ondansetron are among the commonly used 5HT3 antagonists and used in combination with dexamethasone for prophylaxis against PONV. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of combination of antiemetics-Ondansetron 4mg+Dexamethasone 8mg and Granisetron 1mg+Dexamethasone 8mg in prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting.Methods: 75 patients of ASA 1 and 2 were randomly allocated to three groups-Group 1 (n=25) received Ondansetron 4mg+Dexamethasone 8mg; Group 2 (n=25)-received Granisetron 1mg+Dexamethasone 8mg; Group 3-received saline with dexamethasone 8mg. Standard general anaesthesia protocol was followed. Study drugs were administered at the time of induction. Post operative nausea and vomiting was studied for period of 24hrs. Severity was assessed using PONV Score (0=no nausea;1=nausea only;2=retching;3=vomiting). The adverse effects were also studied.Results: The incidence of PONV was 16% in Group 1 and 2 and 68% in Group 3. The complete response after 24hr period was 32% in control group, 84% in Group 1 and Group 2. Rescue antiemetics were required only in control group. There was no statistical difference noted between Group 1 and Group 2 but there was clinical and statistical significance noted between groups which received prophylactic antiemetic combination and control. Adverse effects were not observed in any group.Conclusions: Granisetron 1mg and Ondansetron 4mg in combination with dexamethasone 8mg are equally effective and safe in decreasing the incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting in laproscopic cholecystectomies under general anaesthesia.
5-year analysis of thyroidectomies; a retrospective clinicopathological assessment of papillary carcinoma of thyroid in a coastal urban area
Authors: Pervez Ahmed , Kakarla Pranank , Chandran Magesh , Reddy Asha
Published: January 2018

Background: The aim of our study was to analyse thyroidectomies done past 5 years on a clinico pathological basis. Additionally, we also wanted to study the presence and characteristics of papillary carcinoma of thyroid.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 57 patients who underwent thyroidectomy from 2012 to 2017 performed by Department of General Surgery of Sri Ramachandra Medical College (Chennai, India) was done and checked for statistical significance.Results: In this 5-year study of 57 thyroidectomies, 17 patients had papillary carcinoma of thyroid, 1 patient had anaplastic carcinoma and another patient had a thyroid metastasis with unknown primary. The nonmalignant 38 patients were studied separately. Regarding malignancy, 29.4% had micro carcinoma. 35.3% were in Stage I. 94.1% were in Grade I, 94.1% had no angioinvasion. 15 patients (88.2%) had negative capsule invasion and negative lympho vascular invasion. 4 patients (23.5%) had extra thyroid extension. The observed difference in the characteristics were statistically not significant (p>0.05). The odds ratio for micro carcinoma of thyroid was 0.364. Most common clinical diagnosis among patients with benign disease was multinodular goiter and 16 (40%) patients had total thyroidectomy. 82.5% of patients had microscopic nodules on histopathology. The association between the surgery type and clinical diagnosis was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: Statistical significance was noted between surgery type and clinical diagnosis. Papillary carcinoma of thyroid is not rare even in non endemic areas. The odds ratio for micro carcinoma thyroid is not significant but it does exist and post surgery, regular follow up is important.
Comparison of clonidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in unilateral spinal anaesthesia
Authors: Khadse Pradnya B. , Chhatrapati Swati S. , Kamble Trupti S.
Published: January 2018

Background: Various adjuvants to local anaesthetics are added to improve the quality of subarachnoid block in unilateral anaesthesia during lower limb surgeries. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of combination of clonidine-bupivacaine and fentanyl-bupivacaine.Methods: This randomized study was conducted on 60 patients at tertiary care center (Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai) for 2 years. They were divided into 2 groups consisting of 30 in each. Group BC receives Inj. bupivacaine 0.5% (hyperbaric) 7.5 mg (1.5 ml) with inj. clonidine 15 µg (0.1 ml) intrathecally and Group BF receives Inj. bupivacaine 0.5% (hyperbaric) 7.5 mg (1.5 ml) with inj. fentanyl 15 µg (0.3 ml) intrathecally. The time of onset and duration and level of sensory and motor block, time to complete sensory and motor block recovery and duration of spinal anaesthesia, intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics and side effects if any were noted.Results: The time of onset and duration of sensory and motor block was lesser in group BF compared to BC but the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05). Duration of analgesia was also higher in group BF. Intraoperative and postoperative changes in hemodynamic parameters, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate were comparable, and no significant changes are observed, and all are with in normal range (p<0.05). Pruritus was noticed in group BF (10%). None of the patient in both groups show any side effects such as respiratory depression and nausea, vomiting.Conclusions: We conclude that addition of fentanyl and clonidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine produces almost similar effect in unilateral spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery without prolonged motor blockade, haemodynamic instability, respiratory depression and nausea and vomiting with good sedation and postoperative analgesia. Although the incidence of pruritus is more with fentanyl, it is not distressing for patients.
Incidence of bone tumors and tumor like lesions at a tertiary centre - a study of 64 cases
Authors: Verma Nidhi , Tyagi Amit , Singh Preeti , Tyagi Meenakshi , Rathi Monika , Sharma S. P.
Published: January 2018

Background: Primary bone tumors are uncommon lesions constituting less than 1% of all cancers. Although open biopsy has high accuracy, it increases risk of tumor dissemination in patients with highly malignant tumors. FNAC eliminates the complications that may occur in surgical procedures and also gives quick results. This study was conducted to determine the spectrum and demographic characteristics of bone tumors and tumor like lesions at a tertiary care centre in western Uttar Pradesh and also to assess the role of FNAC in their diagnosis.Methods: This is a three-year, retrospective as well as a prospective study done on a total of 64 cases. All the cases were subjected to detailed history, physical examination and radiological investigations. FNAC smears were stained with Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain. H and E staining was done for histopathology.Results: Mean age affected was 26 years. Male-female ratio was 2.8:1. Out of total 64 cases of bone tumors and tumor like lesions, maximum was chondrogenic tumors (17; 26.56%), followed by osteogenic tumors (15; 23.44%). Osteochondroma (08; 47.06%), Osteosarcoma (07; 46.66%) and Aneurysmal bone cyst (04; 50.0%) were the most common chondrogenic tumor, osteogenic tumor and tumor like lesion respectively. The most common bone affected was tibia (16; 25.0%), followed by femur (15; 23.4%). Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC as a diagnostic modality were 90.0% and 91.67% respectively.Conclusions: A good correlation is observed between cytological and histological diagnoses which implies that FNAC can be used as a preliminary diagnostic approach to bone tumors, although histopathology remains the gold standard.
Screening for GDM in first trimester of pregnancy and its outcome
Authors: Soren Mamata , Nath Sudhanshu Sekhar , Tudu Debananda , Srilekha Polaki
Published: January 2018

Background: GDM is associated with increased risk of complications for both mother and fetus both during pregnancy as well as in the postpartum period. Screening for GDM is important to improve short and long term maternal and fetal outcomes. The main purpose of this review is to provide an update on screening for GDM. As per DIPSI criteria women can be diagnosed to have GDM in the first trimester, if the 2hour 75gms OGTT IS 140-199 mg/dL. A prospective observational study with 300 cases was conducted for a period of 1year and 11months (December 2012-2014) in VIMSAR Burla, Sambalpur.Methods: Universal screening was applied by means of DIPSI. Analysis was done by means of t-test, Odd’s ratio, chi squire test. P<.05 was taken as significant.Results: In the present study, 25 cases were diagnosed as GDM with an incidence of 8.33%. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) was found significantly associated with GDM cases (p value 0.02). The mean birth weight in women with GDM (3.05±0.47Kg) was higher than in women with non-GDM (2.65±0.43 Kg). Overall the macrosomia (≥4Kg) rate was 0.67% with 8% in case of GDM mothers. Not a single case of congenital fetal anomaly was detected in the GDM group under our study 20% of the GDM group had their babies admitted to NICU as compared to 17.65% of the non-GDM group (p value 0.76).Conclusions: Women with GDM are at an increased risk for adverse obstetrics and perinatal outcomes. Due to high prevalence of GDM in India early universal screening is essential. Screening for glucose intolerance during the early weeks of pregnancy is beneficial as this policy would help in identifying undiagnosed diabetes prior to conception and to render appropriate care. Screening and diagnosis of GDM with a single test procedure of 75g 2hr PGBS in a non-fasting woman i.e. following DIPSI guidelines is found to be effective, simple, economical and feasible.
Comparative evaluation of fentanyl versus nalbuphine for attenuation of hemodynamic changes during airway stimulation
Authors: Buchh Aqusa , Gupta Kumkum , Sharma Deepak , Anwar Usman , Pandey Mahesh Narayan , Kalra Pavitra
Published: January 2018

Background: Airway stimulation predictably leads to variable hemodynamic changes which can be modified by opioid premedication. The present study was aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of fentanyl with nalbuphine on hemodynamic changes during airway stimulation.Methods: Sixty adult patients of ASA physical status I and II of either gender, were randomized into two groups of 30 patients each to receive either fentanyl 2µg/kg, Group I or nalbuphine 0.2mg/kg, Group II, 10min before induction with propofol. Direct laryngoscopy and intubation was facilitated with vecuronium bromide. Heart rate, blood pressure and ECG were recorded at baseline, after giving study drug, at intubation and then after at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 10th and 15th minutes after intubation and noted as primary variable. Any adverse effects and complications were recorded as secondary end points.Results: After premedication, the fall in heart rate was comparable between the groups. The fall in mean blood pressure showed statistically significant difference between the groups. After induction, there was further decrease in heart rate and blood pressure with statistically significant difference. After laryngoscopy and intubation, the increase in mean heart rate and blood pressure occurred immediately in patients of nalbuphine group and persisted up to 1to 2min while this increase persisted up to 5 to 7min in fentanyl group. The differences in hemodynamic changes between the groups were statistically significant.Conclusions: Nalbuphine (0.2mg/kg) could effectively attenuate the hemodynamic changes during airway stimulation when compared to fentanyl (2µg/kg), when given 10 minutes before induction.
Early PNF exercises functional outcome and quality in patients with stroke of urban and rural area in Uttar Pradesh: a prospective community based study
Authors: Singh Ajai K. , Chaturvedi Poonam , Maurya Pradeep K. , Kulshreshtha Dinkar , Qavi Abdul , Thacker Anup
Published: January 2018

Background: Early rehabilitation plays a very important role in stroke outcome. In India people from rural areas get primary treatment from district hospitals, where the rehabilitation facilities are not available, and then referred to the tertiary care hospital (after 2-3weeks) hence the rehabilitation process is delayed. It may delay the improvement in functional outcome and quality of life. These factors should be evaluated. To evaluate effects of PNF intervention in urban and rural population in Uttar Pradesh.Methods: Total 90 patients were recruited in this study and divided into rural (coming from rural areas of Uttar Pradesh) and urban (coming from urban areas) groups. Patients were given rehabilitation for 4weeks and improvement in functional activities was assessed by Barthel's-Index (BI), Quality of Life was assessed by Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SSQOL) and sensory motor improvement was assessed by Fugl- Meyer Assessment before and after the intervention. Patients were again assessed at 6months.Results: 41 patients in experimental and 49 patients in control group completed the 6 months follow up and were available for analysis. On analysis urban group showed better (<0.05) improvement in functional activities, sensory motor improvement (FMA) and quality of life (SSQOL) as well. People who directly admitted to our multispecialty and tertiary care hospital and received early rehabilitation showed better improvement than the patients who received late rehabilitation.Conclusions: Early rehabilitation leads to early improvement in functional activities. PNF exercises are very effective in improving motor function and should be given from the first day after stroke.
Clinicohistopathological study of astrocytomas along with Ki-67 proliferative index
Authors: Das Basumitra , Raj Kurimella Vamsya , Atla Bhagyalakshmi
Published: January 2018

Background: Astrocytomas form the largest group of gliomas (>75%) and diffusely infiltrating    accounting for more than 60% of all the primary brain tumors. The ki67 proliferative index is a potent biologic marker that estimates the growth of neoplasms quantitatively and thus will aid in identifying the prognosis for patients with neoplasms.  The aim of the research work was to study various histopathological and clinical features of Astrocytomas in detail, to evaluate Ki-67 proliferative index in patients of Astrocytomas and to compare the results of Immunohistochemistry with histological grade of Astrocytomas.Methods: A   total   number   of    40 cases of   Astrocytomas were included in the study.  Ki-67 immunostaining was done on all cases and compared with WHO histological grading of astrocytomas.Results: The mean Ki‑67 LI in Grade I astrocytomas was 4.66, range 4-5 ,  in Grade II astrocytomas mean was 8.07, range 5-12 ,in Grade III astrocytomas mean was 13.5 , range 8-20,  in Grade IV astrocytomas mean was 22.93, range 15-50. There was a highly significant correlation between the histopathological grade of astrocytomas and Ki-67 LI (p<0.05).Conclusions: The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 has proven its prognostic and diagnostic power in astrocytic tumors. Ki-67 LI is the simplest and the most reliable method for evaluating cell proliferation. Ki-67 LI increased with histological grade and the difference between low grade (I and II astrocytomas) and high grade (grade III and IV) is significant. In the present study Ki-67 LI is not dependent on factors like age and sex and is solely dependent on histological grade.
Efficacy and safety of two different doses of intrathecal calcitonin, a randomized controlled study
Authors: G. Pravin Kumar , R. Kirubahar , M. Vijay Kanna
Published: January 2018

Background: Adjuvants play an important role in enhancing the quality of anesthesia and also in reducing the requirement of primary anesthetic and its related adverse events. Calcitonin is one such adjuvant. But there is still uncertainty regarding the appropriate dose of calcitonin to achieve maximum analgesic efficacy and safety. The current study is conducted to add to the existing evidence on the subject and was aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of two different doses of calcitonin as an adjuvant in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.Methods: A prospective randomized controlled double-blind trial was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University from May 2006 to May 2007. A total of 80 participants aged between 18 to 60 years, with ASA I and II physical status, undergoing infra-umbilical surgeries were randomly allocated to one of the 4 intervention groups. All the 4 intervention groups received 0.5% bupivacaine (H) 3ml as a primary anesthetic agent. Group I and III received 50 IU and 100 IU salmon calcitonin as an adjuvant. Group II received placebo and group IV (control) received no adjuvant. Pinprick test, Bromage scale and 10-point Visual analog scale (VAS) were used to measure the efficacy.Results: All the study groups were comparable with respect to all baseline variables. The time interval to the first dose of analgesia was longest in 100 I.U. calcitonin group, followed by 50 I.U. calcitonin group, placebo control group. The mean duration of analgesia (in minutes) among group I (100I.U. calcitonin) was 230.00±92.39, 159.25±21.59 among group II (Placebo), 161.50±31.20 among group III (50 I.U. calcitonin) and 142.75±20.22 among group IV. Considering group IV (control group) as base line. The differences of duration of analgesia (in minutes) in group I, group II and group III with baseline value (group IV) were statistically significant (P value <0.05). Even though the proportion of subjects developing adverse events was slightly higher in 100 I.U calcitonin groups compared to other groups, they were minor adverse events and were managed appropriately. There were no significant differences across the study groups in terms of hemodynamic stability.Conclusions: Salmon calcitonin as adjuvant increases the duration of postoperative analgesia. Even though the there slightly higher incidence of adverse events with 100 I.U calcitonin they are minor and the risk-benefit ratio favors calcitonin use. To make a categorical recommendation on the appropriate dose, there is further need for large-scale studies and pooled analysis.
Milk-alkali syndrome in a rare environment associated with an uncommon feature
Authors: Amadi Collins
Published: January 2018

Milk-alkali syndrome is a rare syndrome noted in the premodern era during treatment of peptic ulcer disease with calcium-enriched milk and absorbable alkali. It was associated with hypercalcemia, alkalosis, renal insufficiency and hyperphosphatemia during that era. Its incidence fell following the advent of modern era forms of peptic ulcer treatment. However, the syndrome is re-emerging owing to the availability of over-the-counter calcium carbonate-containing antacids in this modern era but with a low incidence of hyperphosphatemia. The syndrome is rare in our environment and has not been reported. Here, we report a rare case of milk-alkali syndrome associated with hyperphosphatemia in an adult male who presented to us after weeks of ingestion of antacids. He was managed accordingly and made full recovery after four weeks.
Ruptured cysticercosis may mimic deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Nagabhushanarao Bhavana Venkata , Raman Bhavana Venkata Satya
Published: January 2018

In clinical practice, we come across many a times various cystic and firm nodular swellings over various parts of the human body. We opt for fine needle aspiration cytology examination of the lesion to determine the aetiology. If it happens to be parasitic cyst it may rupture and produce systemic or local hypersensitivity reaction. Sometime such anaphylactic reaction may endanger the life of the patient. Here we present a case of ruptured cysticercosis mimicking a deep vein thrombosis. We discussed its presentation, diagnosis and management.
Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia-a rare haematological malignancy
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Jain Swapnil , Nawal C. L. , Chejara Radhey Shyam , Prakash Vivek , Singh Rajbeer
Published: January 2018

Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm. It requires exhaustive workup and puts a diagnostic challenge to the clinician as well as pathologist. It should be differentiated from chronic myelogenous leukemia and reactive neutrophilia. Prognosis of the disease is poor. Here we report a case presented to us with 4 months of fatigue and fever. Investigation shows leucocytosis with predominant neutrophilia, evaluated and diagnosed as Chronic Neutrophilic Leukaemia (CNL) according to revised WHO criteria.
Innominate uteroumbilical ligament: a rare support of uterus
Authors: Singh Kamal , Kumar Piyush , Rohilla Aarti , Katoch Namrata , Kaur Kamalpreet
Published: January 2018

The ligaments along with the pelvic floor muscles are important supports of uterus and are supposed to help in maintaining the normal positioning of the uterus and prevent its prolapse. In present case report an unknown uteroumbilical ligament have been found extending from the uterus to the anterior abdominal wall of a female cadaver during the dissection. The ligament provides extra support to the uterus. It would have presumably helped in preventing uterine prolapse and retroversion of uterus. Such kind of structures around uterus and other pelvic organs when go unnoticed may complicate pregnancies and pose risk to life during surgeries. Thus, present case report will help in enhancing our knowledge related to gross anatomy as well as it will further enrich the literature data.
Aspectos de la vegetación natural de Colombia. Parte I
Authors: Cuatrecasas Arumí José
Published: January 2018

Este artículo es fuente primaria y obligada de información para los estudiosos de la vegetación de cualquier región del país. Cuatrecasas reunió por primera vez toda la información disponible para describir los distintos tipos de vegetación que existen en Colombia y definió por primera vez los limites altitudinales aproximados de los distintos tipos de vegetación que describió. Sus viajes a lo largo y ancho del país le dieron un profundo conocimiento de su flora y su vegetación. La bibliografía es muy completa y en ella cita a todos los colombianos que habían hecho contribuciones sobre este asunto hasta entonces.El autor comienza diciendo que “Lo que caracteriza la vegetación natural del territorio colombiano tomada en su conjunto es la riqueza y extraordinaria exuberancia de su flora”. Aunque describe su propio artículo como un esfuerzo para “satisfacer siquiera parcialmente, la curiosidad de quienes desean información elemental sobre la vegetación natural de Colombia”, Cuatrecasas dedica buena parte del texto a discutir en profundidad aspectos tales como el carácter de la vegetación, el factor tropical (aclarando de paso algunas concepciones erradas sobre el significado de la palabra “tropical”), la fisiografía y el clima.Se adentra luego en el análisis detallado de las ocho formaciones vegetales que describe para el país y para cada una provee listas muy completas de géneros y especies representativos. Entre los aspectos destacados del artículo está el esquema simplificado de las formaciones según pisos altitudinales en una sección del territorio colombiano, desde la costa del Pacífico hasta los llanos de Arauca y Meta, con el perfil transversal de las tres cordilleras, un doble perfil en la cordillera oriental, el de la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, superpuesto al del macizo de Bogotá, y los enclaves xerofíticos del rio Dagua y el río Chicamocha.Enrique ForeroPresidenteAcademia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
Meteorología y climatología de la vertiente del Pacífico colombiano
Authors: Trojer Hans
Published: January 2018

Buena parte del entendimiento que hoy tenemos sobre la variabilidad espacial y temporal de los procesos que definen el clima (largo plazo) y el tiempo atmosférico (corto plazo) en Colombia, se deben a H. Trojer. En particular, en este trabajo se discuten los principales mecanismos dinámicos y termodinámicos asociados con ambas escalas de tiempo, y es pionero en distinguir entre los fenómenos que dan lugar al clima, como la oscilación de la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical, y su influencia en el ciclo anual de la precipitación, de aquellos efectos locales causantes del tiempo atmosférico como la topografía y los sistemas locales de circulación (tierra-mar o valle-montaña).La vertiente del Pacífico Colombiano es uno de los lugares más lluviosos del planeta, con precipitaciones promedias entre 8.000 y 13.000 mm por año. A partir de registros de diversas variables meteorológicas, este trabajo de Trojer discute la dinámica temporal y espacial de la meteorología y el clima de esta fascinante región de Colombia. Además, es pionero en temas como: (1) el ciclo diurno de la precipitación en Colombia, al evidenciar su alta variabilidad en las zonas de montaña, al estudiar su comportamiento en los distintos meses del año y su relación con la latitud, y al descubrir los mecanismos causantes del carácter bimodal de dicho ciclo diurno. (2) El ciclo anual de intensidad, frecuencia y duración de aguaceros. (3) El primer mapa de la distribución de la lluvia promedio anual sobre la región de estudio, al evidenciar una fuerte zonificación norte-centrosur. (4) La influencia entre la altura topográfica y las precipitaciones anuales. (5) Vincular dos variables que representan el balance de agua y el balance de energía, tales como la precipitación (P) y el brillo solar (B) con el fin de establecer un cociente que permitiera una zonificación climática, un tema de fundamental relevancia en la hidroecología actual.Germán Poveda, Ph.D.Miembro de Número
Membracidae colombianae. Revisión de las especies colombianas del género Membracis
Authors: Richter Leopoldo
Published: January 2018

Los membrácidos constituyen uno de los grupos de insectos más interesantes de los trópicos del mundo. Comprenden una familia natural dentro de los Auchenorrhyncha, división de Hemiptera (cochinillas, cigarras, chinches), agrupación que comprende muchas formas adaptadas para alimentarse de las plantas gracias a sus aparatos bucales especializados. Los membrácidos poseen varias tácticas para evadir enemigos, como son el asociarse con hormigas o disfrazarse como espinas de plantas. Algo que ha llamado la atención de naturalistas desde el siglo XIX es la rica variedad de prolongaciones dorsales del pronoto (la parte más anterior del tórax) que desafía al más imaginativo de los biólogos; de hecho, para algunos entomólogos este es un ejemplo de evolución sin control. Los tamaños, formas y colores de tales prolongaciones no podrían pasar desapercibidos al ojo del académico y artista Leopoldo Richter, quien en esta ya clásica publicación ofreció una sinopsis de las 20 especies entonces conocidas del género Membracis, varias de ellas nuevas para la ciencia y que fueran recolectadas en localidades de los Llanos, el Amazonas y la Cordillera Oriental. Para cada especie se ofrece información individual para inmaduros y adultos, excelentes dibujos en blanco y negro (algunos en láminas a color), información de hábitat (altura, tipo de paisaje, asociación con plantas), notas comparativas entre especies y localidades, etc. Si bien el lenguaje de la época dista del árido y monótono de las revisiones actuales, las observaciones y dibujos son suficientes para entender la variedad de esta familia tropical. Y de una u otra forma Richter abrió las puertas para investigaciones futuras; de Membracidae sabemos que sólo en Colombia hay unos 116 géneros y casi 500 especies.Fernando Fernández, Ph. D.Instituto de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad nacional de Colombia
The role of MGMT polymorphisms (Rs12917 and Rs11016879) in head and neck cancer risk and prognosis
Authors: Kiczmer Paweł , Prawdzic Seńkowska Alicja , Strzelczyk Joanna Katarzyna , Szydło Błażej , Biernacki Krzysztof , Osadnik Tadeusz , Krakowczyk Łukasz , Ostrowska Zofia
Published: January 2018

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the leading cancers by incidence worldwide. The risk of these cancers is strictly associated with alkylation factors present in tobacco smoke. The crucial role in preventing DNA alkylation is played by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Dysfunction or lack of MGMT is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of MGMT polymorphisms: Rs12917 and Rs11016879 on HNSCC risk and course. The study consisted of 42 HNSCC patients and 58 healthy individuals. Case samples were taken from resected tumour tissue. The control group comprised samples of epithelial cells collected from mucous membranes using swabs. To analyse the SNPs we performed Real-Time PCR. DNA samples were genotyped by employing the 5' nuclease assay for allelic discrimination using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. The significance between distributions of genotypes and alleles was tested using the Pearson’s χ2 test analysis.
The MGMT Rs12917 TT genotype was observed only in the HNSCC patients. In case of Rs11016879 no increase in the risk was observed (p>0.05). However, we noted higher risk of nodal metastasis in Rs11016879 homozygotes [OR=10.67 (95% CI=0.36-23.93), p=0.03]. Our findings suggest that MGMT gene polymorphisms may play an important role in risk and prognosis of HNSCC. Mechanisms leading to MGMT enzymatic defect remain unknown and hence further studies need to be carried out into this topic.
Authentic Biology: Student-led research and discovery in schools
Authors: Colthurst David R. , Tuite Mick F.
Published: January 2018

Conducting cutting-edge biomedical research in schools and further education college laboratories has its challenges, but these are not insurmountable. In 2008, we established a successful cutting-edge research project into a debilitating human disease, in a secondary school environment.
Here we provide a narrative describing the process behind the project, and then reflect not only on the process, but also on the benefits for school students, teachers and university researchers from engagement in such a collaborative project. We describe how, with significant financial input
from a major biomedical charity, we were able to expand the initial project into Authentic Biology, a national programme of research in schools across the UK. Authentic Biology has resulted in six schools establishing their own novel research projects, mainly relating to human disease, and
working in collaboration with their local university. Authentic Biology is a model for longterm school/college/university collaboration that is highly effective, productive and measurable through outcome. The challenge ahead is how to sustain the technical and financial support for such programmes.
High-school students engaging with researchers within a pre-university programme: Motivations and experiences
Authors: Michels Berenice I. , Eijkelhof Harrie M.C.
Published: January 2018

For students, the transition between secondary school and higher education can be problematic. Their prior knowledge may be insufficient, they may lack the right attitude or not have enough skills for university. Especially gifted students often lack challenges to remain motivated.
Moreover, it is not easy for secondary school students to get a good picture of a variety of further studies. For their teachers, it is difficult to keep students informed about actual research in science and technology, as they are not in touch with this research on a regular basis. In this
paper, we report about experiences of more than ten years at Utrecht University, offering pre-university students opportunities to be involved in lectures, workshops, laboratories and research at the university. We report on students' motivation to register for this programme, and their experiences
afterwards. Important categories of motivation and experience are: raising interest in science; the choice of, and preparation for, further studies; working with a group of similar, motivated students; the wish to be challenged; and the experience of doing research at the university. University
lecturers involved in the programme like to work with these students, and are motivated to share their research experiences.
From homework club to social justice: Critical reflections on student volunteering through the examination of a school–university partnership
Authors: Tansey Lorraine , Gallo Maria
Published: January 2018

Student volunteering has gained significant traction in Irish higher education, enabling a formalization of a traditionally organic activity. Formalizing student volunteering leads to the growth in best practice supports, developing a rich opportunity and space for university civic
engagement. Student volunteering with community educational programmes is particularly popular, as students are actively engaged with youth organizations and schools, local to campuses and internationally, travelling as teaching assistants with development NGOs. Drawing on an extensive literature
review, critiques of student volunteering as the vehicle for community engagement and reflection are shared alongside a case study of a university–school partnership. A partnership exists between three local primary schools and the National University of Ireland, Galway, historically
through a mentoring or tutoring relationship – the homework club. The following case study seeks to map the partnership, led by a holistic research and reflection process, to build a whole-school approach to the engagement. A critical analysis of student volunteering, a component of
this research process, is an important contribution to transforming the partnership relationship.
Conceptualizing the wider societal outcomes of a community health programme and developing indicators for their measurement
Authors: Baker Colin , Courtney Paul
Published: January 2018

Current theories and models applied in health promotion research have tended to be deficient in accounting for the complex and increasingly fragmented policy and social contexts in which health behaviour and interventions take place. We develop a grounded theory social return on investment
(SROI) methodology using a subsample of 34 stakeholders involved in a community physical activity programme. The resulting conceptual framework identifies 15 outcomes across three domains comprising social equity, education and participation, and organizational and performance. These reflect
the wider complexities of the ecological context in which health behaviour takes place. The grounded theory SROI methodology provides a basis for engaging meaningfully with community stakeholders in a co-production process to identify outcomes and develop indicators to assess them.
The plain language Glossary of Evaluation Terms for Informed Treatment choices (GET-IT) at www.getitglossary.org
Authors: Moberg Jenny , Austvoll-Dahlgren Astrid , Treweek Shaun , Badenoch Douglas , Layfield Robin , Harbour Robin , Rosenbaum Sarah , Oxman Andrew D. , Atkinson Patricia , Chalmers Iain
Published: January 2018

Well-informed choices about how to improve health outcomes depend on access to reliable information, including research evidence. Many people (the public, health professionals and policymakers) have problems understanding some of the terminology used in describing evaluations of treatments.
In this article, we describe the development of a glossary to provide plain language explanations of commonly used terms. We identified terms for inclusion in the glossary by screening multiple sources, including 14 other glossaries. Using an iterative process that included feedback and user
testing, we designed an online glossary that is freely available at http://getitglossary.org. The glossary includes 242 commonly used terms. For each entry there is a suggested preferred term (plain language term), a short definition that can be accessed as a 'pop-up' within text, synonyms,
a longer explanation and links to related terms. We also flag 11 terms that we advise against using because they are ambiguous or misinterpreted, with explanations of why we advise against using them. The glossary can be incorporated into documents, providing support for evidence-informed
health-care decisions, and embedded in other websites serving a wide variety of functions.
Developing university–society partnerships with a focus on climate change impact research using the 'business assist' model
Authors: Ward Sarah , Butler David , Adams Rebecca , O'Callaghan Sophie , Warren Neil , Wickett Mairi , Swire Hugh , de Mora Stephen , Uden Chloe
Published: January 2018

This article explores the experiences generated through a programme of engaged research with university–society partnerships focused on businesses, climate change impacts and environmental technologies. The programme was co-created through research and development collaborations
between a university, several large organizations, including the Met Office, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Regen SW and IBM, and ten small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through a critically reflective narrative account and two case studies, which represent the perspectives of all involved,
this article considers the processes of engagement, their effectiveness, the outcomes delivered and recommendations, as well as the context and influence of European policy – represented by the 'business assist' (BA) model – on creating engaged research. The co-creation of mutually
beneficial space emerged as a key success factor, which challenged the short-term focus of the BA model.
O GÊNERO MULTIMODAL CHARGE E SUA ARTICULAÇÃO COM O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: PROPOSIÇÕES DIDÁTICAS
Authors: Simões Alex Caldas , Gomes Maria Carmen Aires
Published: January 2018

Em nossa exposição, apresentaremos a teoria sistêmico-funcional proposta por Hasan (1989) como forma de instrumentalizar os professores de língua portuguesa para o trabalho com os gêneros multimodais em sala de aula.  A partir de Simões (2010) apresentaremos a configuração do gênero charge – depreendidas da análise de um corpus de 20 exemplares de charges de autoria de  Júlio Erthal, contidas no livro Fatores de Risco  (1998) – e como este pode ser trabalhado em aulas de língua materna. Ao apresentarmos aos alunos a Estrutura Potencial do Gênero (EPG)  e  indicamos  ao professor  o que ensinar do gênero  quando trabalhar com a charge  (seus estágios obrigatórios)  e  como instrumentalizar esse gênero no ensino de língua materna  (evidenciando  a sua configuração na EPG). Tendo em vista esta assertiva teórica, construímos nossas proposições didáticas para o ensino de língua portuguesa com o gênero charge. Nossa proposição didática consiste na apresentação de conceitos-chave da teoria de gêneros para os alunos; na pesquisa orientada sobre o gênero, por meio de um roteiro de perguntas direcionado; na exposição simplificada da Estrutura Potencial do Gênero (EPG); e na resolução de exercícios que fixem o ntendimento dos estágios obrigatórios do gênero.
OFICINAS DE FORMAÇÃO: OBSERVATÓRIOS DE ARTES E CONHECIMENTOS
Authors: Fontoura Helena , Pierro Gianine
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho propõe questões que articulam os campos das artes e da formação docente, quanto à produção e construção de conhecimentos, foco de nossa pesquisa nesta área com propósito de pensar contribuições para a reflexão sobre uma política de formação docente na visão democrática frente ao acesso aos bens de produção social e cultural, usando as bases do pensamento de Morin, Nóvoa e Maturana, entre outros autores. A presente comunicação se volta para o processo de construção de oficinas de imagens desenvolvidas em uma escola pública de um município do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com o envolvimento de professores e licenciandos, onde buscamos cartografar o processo de apropriação e as falas do grupo quando provocados a expressar impressões e percepções de seus saberes e fazeres frente ao percurso de sua formação. Acreditamos contribuir para as reflexões sobre formação de professores na parceria universidade-escola, instituições produtoras de saber e arte no sentido da socialização de conhecimento e de cultura.
ANÁLISE REPRESENTACIONAL DO CONTO "O PATINHO FEIO"
Authors: Santos Jussara Gabriel
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo intitulado “Análise Representacional do conto O Patinho Feio” é parte integrante do Projeto de Iniciação Científica da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Nessa proposta de artigo pretende-se expor o resultado da análise do significado representacional realizada com o conto “O Patinho Feio” de Christian Andersen (1843) adaptações de ROCHA (1999); FRANÇA & FRANÇA (s.n.t.); MORAND (s.n.t.); COLEÇÃO HORAS FELIZ (s.n.t.) , a luz teórica e metodológica de (CHOULIARAKI; FAIRCLOUGH, 1999; FAIRCLOUGH 2001, 2003; RESENDE; RAMALHO 2006) que compreende o discurso como parte de práticas sociais que possui modos de agir (significado acional), modos de representar (significado representacional) e modos de ser (significado ideacional). A análise de discurso crítica procura resgatar as ideologias subjacentes ao texto que, por sua vez, desempenham papel decisivo na reprodução e resistência dos sujeitos.   Palavras Chaves: Análise do Discurso Crítica, Conto O Patinho Feio, Educação, Significado Representacional
EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS INTEGRADA À EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL: LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Oliveira Giselle Abreu de
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo pretende fomentar as discussões acerca das possibilidades e dos limites para a integração da educação de jovens e adultos com a educação profissional. A discussão têm se tornado necessária nos últimos anos, pois temos assistido ao investimento do governo em programas de integração como PROJOVEM e PROEJA, além das orientações e metas propostas em documentos do Ministério da Educação, que sinalizam para o caminho da integração. Assim, este artigo analisa, sob a ótica desses documentos e programas, a concepção de integração que vem sendo utilizada, fazendo a diferenciação necessária entre integração e simultaneidade. Por meio de um olhar que considera, ainda que brevemente, a trajetória da educação de jovens e adultos e da educação profissional, pretendemos contribuir com os estudos que analisam o tema, sem a pretensão de esgotá-lo, tendo em vista sua complexidade histórica e social.
DIGNIFICAR A VIDA PELA ÉTICA DO CUIDADO: COMPROMISSO DO SER HUMANO
Authors: Wahlbrinck Ilíria François
Published: January 2018

A ação extensionista Vida: questão ética e de cuidado objetiva difundir a Ética do Cuidado como fator de princípio rumo à sustentabilidade da vida digna no planeta, auxiliando no cuidado à vida de forma integral e integrada. Apoiada numa visão sistêmica, compreende o mundo e o conviver em termos de relações e integração utilizando, em seu desenvolvimento, o método dialético. Fundamentado no pensamento de Heidegger, Freire e Dussel, defende dar-se a cura por uma ética baseada em princípios universais que não podem ser negados, negligenciados, olvidados ou negociados: vida digna, liberdade e justiça. Implica em um ethos compreendido como jeito, modo, forma de ser e de (com)viver. Estimula uma atitude prática de apoiar/criar atos conducentes à autonomia do ser numa relacionalidade saudável com o meio em que vive e com o outro ser sob a perspectiva do Cuidado. Cuidar não é apenas ver e ouvir o outro, mas ajudar a promovê-lo em seu modo de ser para que tenha dignidade de vida e no (com)viver. A necessidade da (re)vitalização  do Cuidado como saber e fazer e da ética como Ética do Cuidado é imperativo para a consciência sobre a humaneidade do ser humano. As ações desenvolvidas visam fortalecer a extensão como elo que liga universidade e comunidade procurando dinamizar o processo ensino-pesquisa-extensão e divulgar que a URI, como universidade, encontra-se comprometida com uma causa que visa dignificar a existência do ser humano pelo Cuidado assumido como ethos.
EXTENSÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL:CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A FORMAÇÃO NAS LICENCIATURAS
Authors: Galvão Nelma De Cassia Silva Sandes
Published: January 2018

O estudo apresenta e discute uma atividade de extensão universitária desenvolvida através de subprojeto do Programa de iniciação à docência (PIBID) na rede municipal de ensino de uma capital do Nordeste, com escolas de Educação Infantil, Ensino Fundamental I e II, contempladas por Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRM). As SRM são espaços de Atendimento Educacional Especializado, implementados pelo Ministério da Educação e voltados para o trabalho de suporte a inclusão escolar de alunos público alvo da Educação Especial, a saber: alunos com deficiência, alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação, alunos com transtornos globais de desenvolvimento. As atividades de extensão envolveram 25 alunos de licenciaturas (pedagogia, história, letras, artes-plásticas), cinco professores da rede municipal, responsáveis por salas de recurso multifuncional das cinco escolas contempladas pelo projeto e um professor universitário. Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar limites e possibilidades deste subprojeto PIBID/Educação Especial para a formação do licenciando que atuará com os novos paradigmas da educação especial a partir da perspectiva da educação inclusiva. A metodologia consistiu em analisar as produções reflexivas de alunos envolvidos na realização da atividade de extensão, com foco na relação entre as práticas do PIBID como experiência formativa. Os resultados apontam que o estreitamento da relação entre a universidade e a escola ampliou o conhecimento sobre a educação especial, uma prática educacional escassa, quando não ausente, na formação dos licenciandos
A EXTENSÃO NA MEDIAÇÃO FAMILIAR
Authors: Carvalho de Souza Carmen Lúcia , Fries Bressan Claudete Marlene , Turatti Langoski Deisemara , Baldissera Carvalho Salles Eduardo , Ribeiro Fabiane , Seabra Nuely Fatima
Published: January 2018

O Serviço de Mediação Familiar destina-se à população hipossuficiente da Comarca de Chapecó, que encontram-se em situação de conflito familiar. Constitui-se em um espaço qualificado de reflexão e ressignificação do conflito pelos envolvidos no impasse, como também espaço privilegiado de formação profissional em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar. Os interessados, por intermédio da comunicação e da escuta qualificada, mediados por acadêmicos dos cursos do Direito, Serviço Social e Psicologia, são estimulados a se corresponsabilizar nas decisões de suas dificuldades. A prática extensionista possibilita a transformação dos sujeitos usuários e acadêmicos, à medida que oferece para estes uma formação científica, ética e cidadã, comprometida com os valores humanos.