bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histórias e culturas indígenas na Educação Básica
Authors: Siqueira Amanda , Szlachta Arnaldo
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo objetiva problematizar o ensino da temática indígena na Educação Básica visando o cumprimento da Lei 11,645/2008, que determina a obrigatoriedade do ensino da história e cultura afro-brasileira e indígena nas escolas do país, buscando propostas pedagógicas mais criticas e que buscam valorizar as epistemologias indígenas. Dessa forma, primeiramente analisaremos a abordagem da temática indígena nas escolas de Educação Básica ao longo do tempo e o papel exercido por essa instituição na transmissão de estereótipos e preconceitos que geraram visões reducionistas a respeito dos povos originários. Como proposta de superação dessa visão, analisaremos duas obras literárias de autoria indígena que se mostraram potenciais fontes a serem utilizadas nas aulas de história. Como referencial teórico-metodológico nos basearemos nos estudos decoloniais, pois acreditamos que a perspectiva decolonial pode oferecer subsídios importantes para uma reflexão crítica acerca do ensino das histórias e culturas indígenas.
História e memória da comunidade indígena Oiticica– Piripiri/Piauí
Authors: Sávio Silva Santos Francisco , Rejane Almeida Melo Keylla
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho trata de uma pesquisa realizada na comunidade indígena Oiticica, localizada em Piripiri/PI, que teve como objetivo conhecer e registrar aspectos da história dessa comunidade a partir das memórias dos anciões que nela vivem. Metodologicamente, o estudo desenvolveu-se a partir da História Oral, tendo a entrevista semiestruturada como procedimento principal de produção de dados. Os resultados possibilitaram trazer elementos da origem da comunidade, seus primeiros moradores e seus troncos familiares indígenas, costumes e religiosidade, suas formas de sobrevivência, o uso da agricultura, extrativismo, fontes de alimentação (caça e pesca) e artesanato, podendo dessa forma, através destes elementos, constituir a sua história enquanto comunidade indígena. Conclui-se que foi possível fazer a reconstituição de alguns aspectos da história da comunidade, identificando traços de sua identidade (organização grupal, caça e pesca, dentre outros), e ainda contribuir para reavivar a memória dos antepassados da comunidade que as contavam a seus descendentes.
Reparações e restituições históricas no ensino de histórias indígenas
Authors: Martinez Ana Cristina
Published: January 2024

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre os Protagonismos Indígenas e Ensino de História abrangendo Ensino de Histórias e Culturas Indígenas. Mostra as Produções Artísticas e Acadêmicas, e a partir dessas, as reflexões acerca das Retratações e Restituições Históricas das Histórias e Culturas Indígenas. Expõe pontualmente o campo do Ensino de História e da Historiografia sobre a temática Indígena e as mudanças de perspectivas a partir da década de 1990 e o marco legal da lei n. 11.645/2008 e as Diretrizes Operacionais. Essencialmente o modo como ocorre a prática da temática Indígena a partir da lei n. 11.645/2008, que precisa e deve ser a partir dos protagonismos indígenas e do direito às demarcações de terras.
Networks Supporting Problem-Based Invention Education
Authors: SKUKAUSKAITE Audra , Saenz Cristina , Sullivan Michelle , Hull Katrina , Morales Rodriguez Jazmin
Published: January 2024

Problem-based invention education engages students in complex processes of solving ill-defined problems with the support of teachers who act as facilitators of the learning process. Guided by interactional ethnographic epistemology (Green et al., 2012), we examine who and in what ways supported a high school team and their teacher working to invent a solution to a real-world problem students identified in their community. Our primary dataset included video recordings and a historian’s notebook collected by the InvenTeam historian during their invention project. Additional data included recordings of conversations with the teacher and the student historian who collaborated with university researchers in analyzing the InvenTeam year data. Through ethnographically informed domain and discourse analysis we identified three levels of the ecosystem that supported the team: local, national, and both. Analyses highlighted the role of technical mentors as a local support and the Lemelson-MIT program as a national support. Our study demonstrates the importance of the drawing on supports beyond the school to enable students and teachers to engage in problem-based invention education.
Problem-based Learning, a Tool to Develop Critical Thinking Skills of Undergraduate Veterinary Students
Authors: De Silva M. Lalanthi Wajiranjalee , Rabel R. A. Chanaka , Samita S. , Smith Nicola , McIntyre Lachlan , Parkinson Timothy J. , Wijayawardhane K. A. Nayana
Published: January 2024

A major change embraced during a recent review of the Bachelor of Veterinary Science (BVSc.) curriculum of University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, was implementation of student-centred learning. Thus, a series of courses; ‘Integrated Veterinary Sciences’, delivered using Problem-based Learning (PBL), were introduced. As PBL is novel to the curriculum, this study was aimed to evaluate veterinary undergraduates’ perception on such a PBL-driven course which has been evaluated for the first time in Sri Lanka.

PBL sessions were conducted with volunteers of all four academic year groups. Responses were assessed, using a questionnaire, on the opportunity for improving critical thinking, discussions, facilitator guidance, e-learning and overall satisfaction of using PBL.

Over 85% of students across all groups agreed that the PBL had been effective: the highest level of agreement was on the potential to improve critical thinking. There were statistically significant differences between year groups for satisfaction with facilitators’ guidance and overall satisfaction; which may reflect differences in either content or facilitators’ experience between year groups.

PBL was well-received as a method for use in the veterinary curriculum, Sri Lanka, suggesting the possibility of its widespread use for vertical and horizontal integration. Teacher training and improving facilities would ensure the success.
Study of bats in the upper Neretva River valley (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Zagmajster Maja , Milanović Vojo , Rexhepi Behare , Premate Ester , Borko Špela , Vorauer Anton
Published: January 2024

The upper Neretva River valley with river and tributaries, preserved forests, natural caves and buildings represents a very interesting area for bats. During two field expeditions in summer 2022, we collected data on bats using a variety of methods: inspecting the potential roosts, mist netting, and recording bat echolocation calls. We used manual and automatic ultrasound detectors most frequently at sites along and near the Neretva River. The morphological identification of some species was confirmed using DNA analyses. We detected at least 13 bat species in the study area extending from Krupac to Konjic. With one addition, known from the literature, 14 different bat species have been found in the upper Neretva River valley, presenting nearly a half of all bat species recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We confirmed the presence of three species of the highest conservation concern in Europe, listed in the Annex II of the Habitats directive: lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros), greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), and greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis). Our finding of the alcathoe bat (Myotis alcathoe) presents new confirmation of this species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Also, observation of the parti-coloured bat (Vespertilio murinus) is one of the few records of the species in this country. The upper Neretva River valley can be considered as an area of high conservation importance for bats. Additional fieldwork, including during other seasons, would likely reveal more bat species and their sites in the area of the upper Neretva River valley.
Analysis of Potential Threats to the Critical Infrastructure of the 31st Tactical Air Base, in the Context of the Security of the Poznan Agglomeration
Authors: Geppert Karol , Konieczny Jerzy
Published: January 2024

The main purpose of the article is an attempt to analyze the potential threats to the critical infrastructure of the 31st Tactical Air Base in Poznań-Krzesiny in terms of the security of the Poznań agglomeration. The main threats that may occur have been indicated in the context of military, non-military, asymmetric or hybrid activities. In addition, the mortgage effects of the actions taken, which can have a measurable impact on the safety of the Poznań agglomeration, were discussed and presented. An additional thread in the article is the indication of the existing threats that took place in the area of the Poznań-Krzesiny military airport, which could threaten the functioning of the critical infrastructure located in the area of the 31st Tactical Air Base and the critical infrastructure located in the area of the Poznań agglomeration.

The article does not contain any information or data defined as classified information in accordance with Ustawa z dnia 5 sierpnia 2010 r. o ochronie informacji niejawnych.
From Policy to Practice: Interpreting Polish Strategic Culture Amidst the Russian Full-Scale Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Komarnytskyy Mykhaylo
Published: January 2024

This research analyses the key components of the Polish strategic culture, mainly the national historical memory of previous relations with Russia, the role of NATO in Poland’s security and defence, the country’s objective to become a leading power in the Central and Eastern European, and the concept of strategic culture can become an additional explanatory determinant of Poland’s response to the Russian full-scale aggression against Ukraine. The case study considered Poland’s immediate firm and sweeping support of Ukraine in the first year of the Russian full-scale aggression.

This article aims to understand essential determinants in modern Polish foreign and security policy and how they played out during the Russian war against Ukraine. The paper applies the strategic culture as an example of the critical theoretical approach to explain how historically-based context and specific national identical features influence decision-making in present times. The study used a systemic review of related literature, media coverage of the latest Russian war against Ukraine developments, and deductive analysis methods.

The central assumption is that the concept of strategic culture becomes a crucial explanatory factor in understanding policy- and decision-making processes in the field of foreign and security policy. The main conclusions of the paper are that Poland’s response and reaction to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a continuation of the long-lasting policy maintained by Poland regarding the elimination of military and hybrid threats posed by Russia, reduction of Russian influence in Europe, development of the Eastern European region and strengthening relations with its staunch ally – the US.
Blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease – moving towards a new era of diagnostics
Authors: Arslan Burak , Zetterberg Henrik , Ashton Nicholas J.
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a primary cause of dementia globally, is traditionally diagnosed via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures and positron emission tomography (PET). The invasiveness, cost, and limited accessibility of these methods have led to exploring blood-based biomarkers as a promising alternative for AD diagnosis and monitoring. Recent advancements in sensitive immunoassays have identified potential blood-based biomarkers, such as Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) species. This paper briefly evaluates the clinical utility and reliability of these biomarkers across various AD stages, highlighting challenges like refining plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 assays and enhancing the precision of p-tau, particularly p-tau181, p-tau217, and p-tau231. The discussion also covers other plasma biomarkers like neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and synaptic biomarkers, assessing their significance in AD diagnostics. The need for ongoing research and development of robust assays to match the performance of CSF and PET biomarkers is underscored. In summary, blood-based biomarkers are increasingly crucial in AD diagnosis, follow-up, prognostication, treatment response evaluation, and population screening, particularly in primary care settings. These developments are set to revolutionize AD diagnostics, offering earlier and more accessible detection and management options.
Coverage and reliability improvement of copper metallization layer in through hole at BGA area during load board manufacture
Authors: Zhu Kai , Xing Ruimin , Jiang Zhongming , Zhong Rongjun , Chen Liuming , Liu Jianhui , Miao Hua , Zhou Guoyun
Published: January 2024

The dimple of ball grid array (BGA) area with 70 mm × 70 mm size on load board for high performance integrated circuit final test is investigated by shadow moire at first, the dimple of BGA area decreases from 184.3 to 97.1 μm when six additional prepregs with 60 mm × 60 mm size are added at BGA area before hot lamination process. The micromorphology and stress/strain simulation are conducted to improve the coverage and reliability of copper metallization layer in through hole at that BGA area. The microcracks of electroless copper layer at the position of glass fiber and inner layer copper pad, which leads to serious crack after solder float, are well covered by subsequent electroplating copper layer. When the through holes at BGA area with 0.2 mm diameter and 7.0 mm depth are fabricated based on insulating dielectric material used for high-speed signal transmission, the simulation results point out that IT968 is better than M6G for the thermal shock reliability of through hole metallization layer. A load board vehicle with 126 layers and 8.3 mm thickness based on IT968 shows good interconnection structure reliability after 12 times 288°C solder float.
The grotesque as a literary issue
Authors: Ospanova Gulmariya , Askarova Altynai , Agabekova Balzhan , Zhutayeva Assel , Askarova Saule
Published: January 2024

Grotesque imagery is widely used by all genres and movements of art and literature without exception, but its historical development and theoretical aspects have not been sufficiently studied. This study seeks to define and diagnose the main aspects of the development of the grotesque as a literary problem. The leading methods of researching this problem are methods of analysis, deduction, induction, and comparison of approaches. The research covers the approaches to the study of the grotesque phenomenon; the interpretation of this trope is provided, its origin is described, in whose works it is widely used; the forms of grotesque and its specific features are described; various theoretical concepts of the question are demonstrated; the codes of grotesque poetics and their levels of display in the artistic system of works are identified; the qualities and features of Poe’s literary activity are diagnosed, and the components of the grotesque aesthetics are defined. The material in this study is of practical and theoretical value to students and literary scholars who study literature and its artistic features.
A multi-dimensional derivation model under the free-MERGE system: labor division between syntax and the C-I interface
Authors: Pan Victor Junnan , Du Yuqiao
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a general multi-dimensional derivation model under a free-MERGE system. MERGE indicates the derivational dimensions that participate the computation. Set-MERGE is considered as an operation that keeps the two merge-mates in the same dimension, and Pair-MERGE sends the two merge-mates to two different dimensions. Each dimension has its own Labeling Algorithm (LA); the LA inside one dimension ignores syntactic objects merged from other dimensions. The resulting multi-dimensional structure will then be transferred to the Conceptual-Intentional (C-I) interface. A syntactic object resulted from Pair-MERGE will be interpreted in terms of coordination relation or modification relation. Different possible labelings in a multi-dimensional structure gives rise to different modification possibilities at C-I. C-I can see the competition of different labels, and will exhaust every possibility to decide which labeling gives rise to an appropriate interpretation.
Biomedical and agricultural applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs): a comprehensive review
Authors: Khan Sajad , Sher Khan Raham , Khalid Asaad , Gul Maria , Brekhna  , Wadood Abdul , Zahoor Muhammad , Ullah Riaz
Published: January 2024

The evolution of engineered nanoparticles (NPs); particularly metallic NPs have played an indispensable role in the development of nanotechnology. Among these NPs, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted significant attention and are highly being utilized in several fields due to their exceptional properties. Gold nanoparticles were an emerging subject of intensive research due to their spherical shape, large specific surface area, and quick modification by functional groups. As the demand for AuNPs continuously increases; therefore, there is a pressing need to optimize the scientific approach to fully comprehend and exploit their potential. The effect of AuNPs on plant growth and development can either be beneficial or harmful, depending on the plant species and the concentration of NPs. Moderate concentrations of AuNPs have been found to induce primary and lateral roots, reduce oxidative stress, and elongate rosette diameter, while a higher concentration showed negative effects on plant growth and development. Gold nanoparticles also exhibit potent antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties, making them most beneficial in various sectors, especially in the biomedical field. AuNPs are extensively being utilized across various sectors, but their application in the biomedical field is noteworthy, particularly in bioimaging, biosensing, targeted gene and drug delivery, theranostics, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. This review emphasizes the potential applications of AuNPs in diverse sectors including agriculture and biomedical, highlighting their potential impact (positive and negative) on plant growth. Furthermore, the review also aims to signify the mechanism of action of AuNPs and their efficacy against bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells.
Coping Strategies and Migration in a Deprived Rural Area of Hungary
Authors: Pulszter Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2024

This study covers the results of empirical research in one of the most deprived areas of the country, describes the socio-economic problems of the Sellye district, covers the general employment situation in Ormánság, refers to the most important form of employment in the area, that is public employment, and shows the position of businesses and enterprises in the area.
Decoupling Dopamine Synthesis from Impulsive Action, Risk-Related Decision-Making, and Propensity to Cocaine Intake: A Longitudinal [18F]-FDOPA PET Study in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats
Authors: Urueña-Méndez Ginna , Arrondeau Chloé , Bellés Lidia , Ginovart Nathalie
Published: January 2024

Impulsive action and risk-related decision-making (RDM) are two facets of impulsivity linked to a hyperdopaminergic release in the striatum and an increased propensity to cocaine intake. We previously showed that with repeated cocaine exposure, this initial hyperdopaminergic release is blunted in impulsive animals, potentially signaling drug-induced tolerance. Whether such dopaminergic dynamics involve changes in dopamine (DA) synthesis as a function of impulsivity is currently unknown. Here, we investigated the predictive value of DA synthesis for impulsive action, RDM, and the propensity to take cocaine in a rat model of vulnerability to cocaine abuse. Additionally, we assessed the effects of cocaine intake on these variables. Rats were tested sequentially in the rat Gambling Task (rGT) and were scanned with positron emission tomography and [18F]-FDOPA to respectively assess both impulsivity facets and striatal DA synthesis before and after cocaine self-administration (SA). Our results revealed that baseline striatal levels of DA synthesis did not significantly predict impulsive action, RDM, or a greater propensity to cocaine SA in impulsive animals. Besides, we showed that impulsive action, but not RDM, predicted higher rates of cocaine taking. However, chronic cocaine exposure had no impact on DA synthesis, nor affected impulsive action and RDM. These findings indicate that the hyper-responsive DA system associated with impulsivity and a propensity for cocaine consumption, along with the reduction in this hyper-responsive DA state in impulsive animals with a history of cocaine use, might not be mediated by dynamic changes in DA synthesis.
Super-resolution ultrasound reveals cerebrovascular impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lowerison Matthew R. , Sekaran Nathiya Vaithiyalingam Chandra , Dong Zhijie , Chen Xi , You Qi , Llano Daniel A. , Song Pengfei
Published: January 2024

Increasing evidence has suggested a link between cerebrovascular disease and the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's Disease. However, detailed descriptions of microvascular changes across brain regions and how they relate to other more traditional pathology have been lacking. Additionally, the efforts to elucidate the interplay between cerebral microvascular function and Alzheimer's Disease progression are complicated by the necessity of probing deep-brain structures since early-stage Alzheimer's Disease typically involves hippocampal pathology. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in microvascular dynamics in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease using cohorts that were age-matched to wild-type controls. Data from both sexes were included in this study. Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy revealed microvascular functional and structural features throughout the whole brain depth to visualize and quantify. We found that functional decreases in hippocampal and entorhinal flow velocity preceded structural derangements in regional vascular density. Co-registered histological sectioning confirmed the regionalized perfusion deficits seen on ultrasound imaging, which were co-localized with amyloid beta plaque deposition. In addition to providing global vascular quantifications of deep brain structures with a high local resolution, this technology also permitted velocity-profile analysis of individual vessels and, in some cases, allowed for decoupling of arterial and venous flow contributions. These data suggest that microvascular pathology is an early and pervasive feature of Alzheimer's Disease and may represent a novel therapeutic target for this disease.

Significance statementStudies of the impact of cerebrovascular pathology on Alzheimer's Disease are complicated by the difficulty of imaging deep-brain structures with high fidelity. We demonstrate that ultrasound localization microscopy, a super-resolution acoustic imaging technique, is capable of imaging cerebrovasculature throughout the entire depth of the mouse brain at a microvascular scale. This technology was applied to the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease, where it was found that 5xFAD animals have significant impairments in vascular function in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus compared to age matched controls at the 3-month timepoint. Structural derangements in cerebrovasculature were only observed at the 6-month-old timepoint, with a maintained impairment in vascular function. These findings suggest that microvascular pathology occurs early in the Alzheimer's Disease cascade.
Flatness, Fabric, and Folklore
Authors: Klich Lynda
Published: January 2024

During the first half of the twentieth century, representing the body was a pivotal means to reimagine national and regional identities at a moment when the legacies of colonial power structures were coming under increasing scrutiny. The body became a vehicle through which artists could envision new, expanded, and intersecting notions of race, gender, class, nation, and region. Through close readings of single images created in eight different countries—Guatemala, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, and Cuba—this Dialogues contains essays by scholars from South America, Europe, and the United States that reveal the capaciousness for the body to encapsulate local racial, class, and gender dynamics, to illuminate regional and national politics, and to embody divides between socially progressive politics and entrenched conservative social systems and hierarchies. The authors pay careful attention to form, subject, and style to demonstrate the potency of modernist figuration, an international and vibrant visual language, to interrogate issues of race, ethnicity, indigeneity, and gender. Together, the essays point to the critical particularities of iconography, context, and style. In so doing, they reinforce the ability of representation to resonate in multivalent ways and assert the power of the image to stir debate, fix (or challenge) convictions, and raise questions about histories. The authors harness the power and visual variety of realisms and representation in Latin America, revealing the malleability of the modernist body and its efficacy as a carrier of meaning and locus for debates about power, progress, and identity.
Samba and the Brown Body Politic
Authors: Cardoso Rafael
Published: January 2024

During the first half of the twentieth century, representing the body was a pivotal means to reimagine national and regional identities at a moment when the legacies of colonial power structures were coming under increasing scrutiny. The body became a vehicle through which artists could envision new, expanded, and intersecting notions of race, gender, class, nation, and region. Through close readings of single images created in eight different countries—Guatemala, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, and Cuba—this Dialogues contains essays by scholars from South America, Europe, and the United States that reveal the capaciousness for the body to encapsulate local racial, class, and gender dynamics, to illuminate regional and national politics, and to embody divides between socially progressive politics and entrenched conservative social systems and hierarchies. The authors pay careful attention to form, subject, and style to demonstrate the potency of modernist figuration, an international and vibrant visual language, to interrogate issues of race, ethnicity, indigeneity, and gender. Together, the essays point to the critical particularities of iconography, context, and style. In so doing, they reinforce the ability of representation to resonate in multivalent ways and assert the power of the image to stir debate, fix (or challenge) convictions, and raise questions about histories. The authors harness the power and visual variety of realisms and representation in Latin America, revealing the malleability of the modernist body and its efficacy as a carrier of meaning and locus for debates about power, progress, and identity.
A Review of Cross-Hole Ultrasonic Logging for Foundation Integrity Testing and its Evaluation Criteria
Authors: Che Rosli Nur Hidayah , Abang Hasbollah Dayang Zulaika
Published: January 2024

Since the concrete quality of cast in-situ foundation is crucial, the cross-hole ultrasonic logging (CSL) method has become an effective method to assess the homogeneity and integrity of concrete without being limited by the pile length or soil type. Although the testing procedure for CSL is well defined by test standards including ASTM, the interpretation and evaluation criteria of CSL testing results, in contrast, are not well defined and controlled by uniform standards. The current state of practice recorded the application of different rating criteria with different parameters applied for foundations acceptance evaluation. A task force formed by Deep Foundations Institute (DFI) in 2019 has proposed improved rating criteria for CSL results evaluation with the vision of standardized and uniform evaluation criteria in the future. This paper summarizes the current practice of the CSL method and compares the commonly used rating criteria with the currently proposed improved criteria.
Motorcyclists’ Stopping Position at 4-Legged Signalised Intersections
Authors: Mohd Zulkiffli Nora Sheda , Ho Jen Sim , Hamidun Rizati , Roslan Azzuhana , Nemmang Mohd Shafie , Mhd Yunin Nor Aznirahani , Syed Tajul Arif Syed Tajul Malik , Harun Nur Zarifah
Published: January 2024

Malaysia was ranked seventh in the world for having the highest percentage of motorcycle fatalities. The majority of motorcycle fatalities occurred at intersections as a result of other motor vehicles failing to notice them. However, little is known about the behaviour of motorcyclists when they come to a stop at an intersection. This study was designed to examine the position of motorcycles during the red phase at 4-legged signalised intersections. Data from 4,133 motorcycles were collected at four locations in peninsular Malaysia throughout peak and off-peak hours. Motorcycles stopped at signalised intersections by stopping behind the stop line, at/in front of the stop line, at the yellow box, at the pedestrian crossing and at the island marking were collected through video recording. Therefore, to facilitate the analysis, motorcycle positions were classified as either stopping behind the stop line or stopping forward. As per findings, more than 63 percent of motorcyclist’s queue in front of the stop line and move forward during peak and off-peak hours to gain a clear view, which increases the likelihood of a motorcycle departing within a very short time during the initial period of the green signal. To improve the performance of signalised intersections, some traffic engineering approaches can be used, such as the provision of a dedicated area, known as a motorcycle red box, which separates motorcycles from other types of vehicles at traffic lights. Positioning motorcycles ahead of other drivers reduces the risk of motorcycles appearing out of nowhere when traffic begins. This segregation is expected to improve motorcyclist visibility and safety, as well as provide a buffer for pedestrian crossings at signalised intersections, providing better protection for vulnerable road users.
Characteristic of Micro-Mobility Devices’ Users in Malaysia
Authors: Roslan Azzuhana , Mohd Zulkiffli Nora Sheda , Hamidun Rizati , Mohamed Jamil Hawa , Syed Mohamed Rahim Sharifah Allyana , Zulkipli Zarir Hafiz , Alias Noor Kamaliah , Zakaria Nur Muztakiza , Abu Kassim Khairil Anwar
Published: January 2024

Introducing micro-mobility devices (MMD) such as bicycles and e-scooters as a transport option in Malaysia and the risk safety issues have attracted the attention of the government and enforcement agencies especially when they are cycling or riding on the road. Its uncontrolled use has made the government decision to ban the use of certain MMDs on the road with effect from the beginning of 2022. However, in order to support smart mobility, green and active mobility, the government is devising a mechanism to enable the use of MMDs in some areas. Therefore, this paper explores the characteristics and demographics of existing MMD users in Malaysia in order to assist the government give careful consideration to the safety of MMD users. The government must decide on the best ecosystem to implement the use of MMD through a safe control mechanism in terms of vehicles, infrastructure and users. To achieve an objective to assist in the decision-making process for the selection of appropriate countermeasures to promote the safety of MMD users, this study aims to assess and understand the characteristics of MMD users in Malaysia. This study only focused on existing MMD users. Throughout the online survey, a total of 371 respondents were involved in this study of which 277 were MMD users. This study also revealed that most MMD users in Malaysia are male, young (teenagers and adults) and have a fixed income.
The Integration of Critical Risk with Building Information Modelling Application Strategies in Building Refurbishment Project Lifecycle
Authors: Khairul Anuar Nur Hidayah , Ishak N. , Shohime N.S.
Published: January 2024

Building refurbishment project has rapidly becoming a significant part of the construction industry in Malaysia. Refurbishment projects are typically higher risk, more complex, and require more coordination than new construction projects. Therefore, the aim of this research is to establish the integration of critical risk with Building Information Modelling (BIM) application strategies for building refurbishment project lifecycle improvement. This study is conducted through a quantitative method using the questionnaire which is distributed by employing a self-administrated approach as a research medium to obtain feedback from contractor grade 7 (G7) from construction organization who are registered with Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia. As a result, 96.5 percent of the response rate are accepted. The analysis shows that the integration of critical risk with BIM application strategies is recognized as important factors and strategies towards building refurbishment projects lifecycle improvement and found that the mean is in very high range. Additionally, the results indicate that the level of critical risk and BIM application strategies have been measured through descriptive analysis. The findings of this study are expected to establish a foundation for future research in order to develop an adequate framework for managing building refurbishment projects and improve the quality of decision making among the building industry professionals.
Performance Comparison Between Centralized and Hierarchical Predictive Functional Control for Adaptive Cruise Control Application
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Zainuddin Mohamed Al-Sideque , Ahmad Salmiah , Rossiter John Anthony
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a performance comparison between two different control structures of Predictive Functional Control (PFC), namely centralized and hierarchical architectures for an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system. Centralized PFC utilizes a linearized model of the vehicle longitudinal dynamics to compute the control law, while hierarchical PFC uses a simple kinematic model with inverse vehicle longitudinal dynamics. Based on the simulation results, both control structures produced a satisfactory performance. However, in the presence of disturbances such as road slopes and wind gusts, the centralized PFC becomes more sensitive and conservative than the hierarchical PFC. The main reason is that the linearization model used in centralized PFC is only effective around the selected nominal operating points. Since the decision-making process depends on the internal model performance, centralized PFC cannot compensate for this effect. Besides, it also takes a longer computation time than hierarchical PFC since more mathematical operations must be solved than the kinematic model, especially when physical and operational constraints are considered. The standard performance parameters such as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), settling time, and rise time are also used for the analysis. These findings can become a solid justification for using the hierarchical PFC structure in designing an ACC system for future work.
Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic and Shock Wave Characteristics of Biconvex and Double-Wedge Shape Airfoils for Supersonic Flow
Authors: Md. Zulkarna-En  , Islam Md. Ashraful , Al-Faruk Abdullah , Islam Pranto Md Rhyhanul , Mukut A.N.M. Mominul Islam
Published: January 2024

This present study describes the aerodynamic characteristics of supersonic flow over biconvex and double wedge airfoils using a finite volume method-based commercial CFD code Ansys Fluent. A steady-state RANS approach is used with SST k-ω viscous modeling. A series of simulations are conducted to analyze the characteristics of shock and expansion waves formed around the airfoils for Mach numbers ranging from 1.4 to 3.4 with varying angles of attack (α) from 0° to 20°. It is observed that the lift and drag coefficients both increase with the angle of attack for a fixed Mach number and decrease with the Mach number for a fixed angle of attack. Double wedge airfoil generates about 5% more lift at a low Mach number and 1% more lift at a higher Mach number compared to the biconvex airfoil. However, the biconvex airfoil generates lesser drag than the double wedge airfoil. The maximum value of the pressure coefficient (Cp ) is found to be 1.7 for biconvex airfoil and 1.4 for double wedge airfoil. The maximum value of the lift-to-drag ratio for biconvex airfoil is 7.63, occurs at 1.4 Mach number and 3.46° angle of attack, whereas the value for double wedge airfoil is 5.19 at the same Mach number with 4.47° angle of attack, which suggest that biconvex airfoil has a higher lift-to-drag ratio and gives a better aerodynamics performance. The shock waves start to detach after an angle of attack of 5° and the shock wave is fully detached at a 15° angle of attack for biconvex airfoil for Mach number of 1.4. For the same Mach number, the double wedge airfoil, the shock wave starts to form the same as the biconvex airfoil but the waves are fully detached at a lower angle of attack of 10°. With the increasing Mach number, the shock waves remain attached to the airfoil.
Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling Problem with Energy Utilization using Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-III (NSGA-III) Optimization
Authors: Nik Mu'Tasim Muhammad Ammar , Ab. Rashid Mohd Fadzil Faisae
Published: January 2024

Hybrid flow shop scheduling (HFS) is an on sought problem modelling for production manufacturing. Due to its impact on productivity, researchers from different backgrounds have been attracted to solve its optimum solution. The HFS is a complex dilemma and provides ample solutions, thus inviting researchers to propose niche optimization methods for the problem. Recently, researchers have moved on to multi-objective solutions. In real-world situations, HFS is known for multi-objective problems, and consequently, the need for optimum solutions in multi-objective HFS is a necessity. Regarding sustainability topic, energy utilization is mainly considered as one of the objectives, including the common makespan criteria. This paper presents the existing multi-objective approach for solving energy utilization and makespan problems in HFS scheduling using Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-III (NSGA-III), and a comparison to other optimization models was subjected for analysis. The model was compared with the most sought algorithm and latest multi-objective algorithms, Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA -II), Multi-Objective Algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), Pareto Envelope-based Selection Algorithm II (PESA-II) and Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D). The research interest starts with problem modelling, followed by a computational experiment with an existing multi-objective approach conducted using twelve HFS benchmark problems. Then, a case study problem is presented to assess all models. The numerical results showed that the NSGA-III obtained 50% best overall for distribution performance metrics and 42% best in convergence performance metrics for HFS benchmark problems. In addition, the case study results show that NSGA-III obtained the best overall convergence and distribution performance metrics. The results show that NSGA-III can search for the best fitness solution without compromising makespan and total energy utilization. In the future, these multi-objective algorithms’ potential can be further investigated for hybrid flow shop scheduling problems.
Modeling and Tuning of Electronic Throttle Control System in Formula Student Car
Authors: Meetam Kantapit , Gonsrang Sarawut , Dechwayukul Charoenyutr , Kaewapichai Watcharin , Neranon Paramin , Vittayaphadung Nitipan , Auysakul Jutamanee
Published: January 2024

The Lookprabida formula student team uses an electronic throttle control (ETC) system in the racecar. Unfortunately, the ETC system cannot regulate the throttle valve to closely pursue angular setpoints. Thus, this paper endeavors to improve the response of the ETC system in racing cars. The ETC system is first examined using frequency response analysis. Parameter identification is carried out to obtain a mathematical model for the electronic throttle body. The Ziegler-Nichols’ second method is then applied to preliminarily select the proportional integral derivative (PID) gains using MATLAB/Simulink®. Then, the ETC system fine-tuning on the experimental set is carried out. The final PID controller design results in a reduction in the settling time from 0.35 to 0.20 s, overshoot from 29.6 to 19.33%, and steady-state error from 2.00 to 0.22%. The racecar with the finally designed PID gains is tested on a training track; the root mean square error (RMSE) shows that the throttle valve approaches much closer to angular setpoints.
THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-SERVICE EXPERIENCES ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
Authors: Jalani Norashikin , Azit Azizan , Wan Abd Manan Wan Khairul Anuar , Mokhtar Mazita
Published: January 2024

Successful companies consistently provide higher levels of satisfaction to their customers. This study is to determine the impact of self-service experiences on customer satisfaction. For the purpose of the study, 120 McDonald's customers were selected for a survey. The results showed that being technologically ready positively and substantially affects customer satisfaction through the medium of Customer Trust. Self-service can be more efficient and successful, and customers can be more satisfied if the necessary technology is in place. Self-service experience quality and client satisfaction are impacted by trust and perceived value. This research contributes to understanding what it takes to keep repeat customers happy and returning for more business.
Parametric design of cladding system for tall buildings using computational fluid dynamics approach
Authors: Colak Levent , Balci Mehmet Nurullah
Published: January 2024

Quasi-static approach in calculation of wind load simply depends on the integration of the fluctuating pressures measured at pressure tubes located at the surface of building models. This approach is suitable to design typical low to medium height buildings. However, for tall buildings, if cladding surface will be designed based on single critical load in a conservative way, it will result in over design and excessive cost phenomena. The main aim of this study is to develop new experimantal and computational procedures to examine surface pressure distribution on tall buildings and to select cladding structure based on different pressure zones, thus in a more efficient way. A tall building is selected, modelled and 1/144 scaled wooden prototype is manufactured. Experimental study is conducted in a wind tunnel at turbulent flow conditions, and pressure values are recorded from tubes assembled on the surface of the prototype. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is carried out to determine pressure values and  model is used in turbulent flow. Experimentally and computationally obtained results are observed compatible. After validation, actual wind profile is calculated, scaled and applied to the building model in simulations. Selection of the material thickness for the cladding system is performed parametrically accordint to deflection for elements in prescribed zones based on the computed pressure values. It is shown that new parametric cladding selection method opens up possibility to use less material consumption up to 23.6%, eliminating overdesign with maintaining desired factor of safety, which provides considerable economy on construction costs.
Effects on hybridization of interlayer composites and self-reinforced polypropylene
Authors: M. I. Ibrahim  , Mat Rejab Mohd Ruzaimi , Romli N.K. , Quanjin M. , Rani M.F.
Published: January 2024

In recent years, there has been increasing attention to develop a high-strength, lightweight composite as a potential substitution for conventional materials in various sectors, whereby most studies have focused on the mechanical performances of fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) such as carbon, glass and aramid. In contrast, the hybrid composites are less common, though are viewed to have substantial potential in terms of flexibility and capability to merge the benefits of different composites. In this study, five composite designs consisting of several types of woven fibres and self-reinforced polypropylene (SRPP) sheets have been fabricated using the hand lay-up procedure. Several designs are arranged based on the interlayer hybridization mode. The static mechanical properties of the composite designs were examined through the standard tensile and three-point flexural tests. The outcomes attained from the experimental works revealed that carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) produced the best tensile characteristics. The CFRP structure displayed 46% higher tensile strength and a 33% greater elastic modulus compared to the CAFRP specimen. Meanwhile, hybrid carbon/aramid fibre-reinforced plastic (CAFRP) pointedly enhanced flexural properties in comparison with single type and other hybrid composites, whereby CAFRP structure outperformed the CFRP structure, exhibiting superior results with variations of 50% and 19% in flexural strength and modulus, respectively. Though the inclusion of SRPP layers in-between the hybrid setup exhibited a decrease in both tensile and flexural strength, but improved the total strain level. The evidence from this study suggests that FRP composites indicate structures of high strength and stiffness but low elongation, whereas SRPP-based composites improve toughness but reduce stiffness characteristics.
Numerical study of piston bowl geometries on PFI-HCCI engine performance
Authors: Nik Ab Rashid Nik Muhammad Hafiz , Hairuddin Abdul Aziz , Md Rezali Khairil Anas , Masuri Siti Ujila , A.A.Mossa Muntasser
Published: January 2024

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is an advanced combustion strategy proposed to provide higher efficiency and lower emissions than conventional compression ignition. However, there are still tough challenges in the successful operation of HCCI engines. Among these challenges, homogeneous mixture preparation and combustion phase control plays a vital role in determining the efficiency and emissions. Piston bowl geometry significantly enhances the process by improving the flow, turbulence, and mixing for the combustion. The study utilised experimental and numerical simulation methods to analyse HCCI combustion in port fuel injection (PFI) mode and evaluate the effect of piston geometries on engine performance. For this purpose, the different pistons bowl geometries (Baseline model, SQC, and CCC) with the same volume, compression, and equivalence ratio were numerically tested in a four-stroke, single-cylinder, YANMAR diesel engine. The numerical simulation results provide adequate assurance to proceed with the study with different piston geometries design. Compared to SQC and CCC, the Baseline model produced significantly higher cylinder pressure, temperature, and heat release rate. Different piston shape designs influenced the formation of air-fuel mixing, thereby affecting the time and location of onset combustion. The present investigation offered the significant role of piston geometry for the control mechanism of PFI-HCCI combustion, that is a vital part in demonstrating HCCI combustion.