bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
X-ray study of the merging galaxy cluster Abell 3411-3412 with XMM-Newton and Suzaku
Authors: Zhang X. , Simionescu A. , Akamatsu H. , Kaastra J. S. , de Plaa J. , van Weeren R. J.
Published: August 2020

Context. Previous Chandra observations of the Abell 3411-3412 merging galaxy cluster system revealed an outbound bullet-like sub-cluster in the northern part and many surface brightness edges at the southern periphery, where multiple diffuse sources are also reported from radio observations. Notably, a southeastern radio relic associated with fossil plasma from a radio galaxy and with a detected X-ray edge provides direct evidence of shock re-acceleration. The properties of the reported surface brightness features have yet to be constrained from a thermodynamic viewpoint.

Aims. We use the XMM-Newton and Suzaku observations of Abell 3411-3412 to reveal the thermodynamical nature of the previously reported re-acceleration site and other X-ray surface brightness edges. We also aim to investigate the temperature profile in the low-density outskirts with Suzaku data.

Methods. We performed both imaging and spectral analysis to measure the density jump and the temperature jump across multiple known X-ray surface brightness discontinuities. We present a new method to calibrate the vignetting function and spectral model of the XMM-Newton soft proton background. Archival Chandra, Suzaku, and ROSAT data are used to estimate the cosmic X-ray background and Galactic foreground levels with improved accuracy compared to standard blank sky spectra.

Results. At the southeastern edge, temperature jumps revealed by both XMM-Newton and Suzaku point to a ℳ ∼ 1.2 shock, which agrees with the previous result from surface brightness fits with Chandra. The low Mach number supports the re-acceleration scenario at this shock front. The southern edge shows a more complex scenario, where a shock and the presence of stripped cold material may coincide. There is no evidence for a bow shock in front of the northwestern “bullet” sub-cluster. The Suzaku temperature profiles in the southern low-density regions are marginally higher than the typical relaxed cluster temperature profile. The measured value kT500 = 4.84 ± 0.04 ± 0.19 keV with XMM-Newton and kT500 = 5.17 ± 0.07 ± 0.13 keV with Suzaku are significantly lower than previously inferred from Chandra.
Deformed microcavities with very high Q-factors and directional farfield emission
Authors: Behrens Arne , Bosch Martí , Hentschel Martina , Sinzinger Stefan
Published: August 2020

We report the design and optimized fabrication of deformed whispering gallery mode resonators in silica with solely ICP-RIE. This allows us to control the morphology of the resonators more freely and results in low surface roughness. The light was coupled into the resonator using a state of the art tapered fiber approach and we determined the Q-factor in the range of 105
An energy conservative hp-scheme for light propagation using Liouville’s equation for geometrical optics
Authors: van Gestel Robert A.M. , Anthonissen Martijn J.H. , ten Thije Boonkkamp Jan H.M. , IJzerman Wilbert L.
Published: August 2020

In this contribution an alternative method to standard forward ray-tracing is briefly outlined. The method is based on a phase-space description of light propagating through an optical system. The propagation of light rays are governed by Hamilton’s equations. Conservation of energy and étendue for a beam of light, allow us to derive a Liouville’s equation for the energy propagation through an optical system. Liouville’s equation is solved numerically using an hp-adaptive scheme, which for a smooth refractive index field is energy conservative. A proper treatment of optical interfaces ensures that the scheme is energy conservative over the full domain.
Light shaping from a physical-optics point of view
Authors: Yang Liangxin , Badar Irfan , Hellmann Christian , Wyrowski Frank
Published: August 2020

In the design of optical element for light shaping, a geometric-optics assumption is usually used, where the validity of the assumption is rarely discussed in literature. In this work, the field tracing techniques for modeling light-shaping systems are presented, which reveals the optical element resulted from those geometric-base algorithm is not always accurate enough for the design task. An example is demonstrated with the functional embodiment of the element. The simulation result shows that diffraction effect may occur, especially in paraxial situation. However, the designed result start with the assumption is well-introduced initial guess for further optimization with the iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA).
Compact, astigmatism corrected cross-grating spectrometer
Authors: Kraus Matthias , Förster Erik , Bagusat Verena , Hönle Tobias , Uwurukundo Xavier , Bohnert Patrick , Brüning Robert , Hillmer Hartmut , Brunner Robert
Published: August 2020

Compact cross-grating spectrometers are inspired by classical high-end Echelle spectrometers and allow to acquire a large spectrum with a high spectral resolution in a single shot. To decrease the size of an Echelle spectrometer substantially, a cross grating was employed combining both required dispersive functionalities. First, an Echelle grating diffracts light in several higher diffraction orders, while a superposed, perpendicularly oriented cross-disperser is used in first diffraction order. In this contribution, we report on the realization of a cross-grating spectrometer employing a folded reflective beam path. A toric-convex mirror was introduced allowing aberration compensation. We present the basic concept and optical design of the system and discuss the mechanical implementation and the adjustment process. Here, different laser sources and gas emission lamps are used to realize the system and derive the optical performance. In particular, the spectral resolution in the different diffraction orders is determined for the realized device.
Investigation of extended depth-of-field f/8 camera with optimized cubic phase mask and digital restoration
Authors: Chiu Po-Sheng , Vonmetz Kurt , Canini Federico , Urbach H. Paul
Published: August 2020

An investigation of extended depth-of-field camera with optimized phase mask and digital restoration is presented. The goal of this paper is to implement the wavefront coding technique without affecting much of the original design, and the design has taken the complexity of imaging system into consideration. The optimized strength of cubic phase mask (CPM) is based on the analytical optimal solution for the task-based imaging system [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, 1064 (2008)]. The noisy intermediate images of CPM system with highest spatial frequency of interest can be effectively restored by vector-based Richardson-Lucy algorithm. Restoration from the system with generalized CPM produces precise image position than the system with CPM does. In general, the CPM system procures modulation transfer function higher than 0.195 in the whole depth-of-field, and the mean squared error of the restored images are less than 5 %.
Efficiency evaluation of a specialist in the field of optical design during education and work
Authors: Livshits Irina , Petukhov Aleksandr
Published: August 2020

Our goal is to evaluate the efficiency of a specialist in the field of optical design. The classification of specialists is given depending on their level of education and work experience in the field of optical design. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of the specialist is performed, on the basis of which the equation for calculating efficiency is derived. As an example, we present empirical data for calculating the efficiency of some specialists.
PanDao fabrication cost impact analysis software tool for optical designers
Authors: Tinner Marco , Livshits Irina , Faehnle Oliver
Published: August 2020

A new software tool, called PanDao, for optical system designers is presented enabling during the design stage a simulation of the optimum fabrication chain and technologies needed as well as a fabrication cost impact analysis of design parameters and tolerances.
In vivoendoscopic multifunctional optical coherence tomography imaging of lungs periphery before and after bronchial thermoplasty
Authors: Vaselli Margherita , Feroldi Fabio , Willemse Joy , Graefe Maximilian G.O. , van Iperen Dirck , Goorsenberg Annika W.M. , Bonta Peter I. , Annema Jouke T. , de Boer Johannes F.
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate the use of a motorized distal scanning endoscope to acquirein vivodata in lungs of severe-asthma patients before and after an asthma treatment procedure called bronchial thermoplasty. Conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) intensity images and polarisation sensitive OCT images were extracted from the acquired data. PS-OCT endoscopy allowing the visualization and segmentation of airway smooth muscle layer - which plays a key role in bronchoconstriction during asthma attacks - showed its potential as means to evaluate the effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty.
Disruptive space telescope concepts, designs, and developments: OASIS and Nautilus -INVITED
Authors: Kim Dae Wook , Walker Christopher K. , Apai Dániel , Milster Tom D. , Takashima Yuzuru , Schneider Glenn , Liang Rongguang , Kim Young-sik , Fellows Chuck , Zhang Yingying , Gasper Andras , Smith I. Steve , Crowe Devon , Bixel Alex , O’Dougherty Stefan , Sirsi Siddhartha , Chandra Aman , Phan Andy , Wang Zichan , Purvin Kira , Quach Henry , Esparza Marcos , Berkson Joel , Spires Oliver , Choi Heejoo , Kim Geon Hee , Arenberg Jonathan
Published: August 2020

Two disruptive space telescope concepts are being designed and developed at the University of Arizona; these are the 20-meter OASIS (Orbiting Astronomical Satellite for Investigating Stellar Systems) and 8.5-meter Nautilus. OASIS combines break-through inflatable aperture and adaptive optics techniques to realize the dream of a 20+ meter class spaceborne terahertz/far-infrared telescope. In the Nautilus visible/near-infrared telescope concept, conventional primary mirrors are replaced by an ~8.5-meter MODE (Multi-order diffractive engineered) lens with 10 times lower areal density and up to 100 times lower mis-alignment sensitivity over traditional systems, enabling large-diameter optical space telescopes. The OASIS and Nautilus concepts have the potential to greatly reduce mission costs and risks compared to the current state of the art.
From 2D to 3D super-resolution imaging through glass microspheres -INVITED
Authors: Perrin Stephane , Lecler Sylvain , Montgomery Paul
Published: August 2020

Microsphere-assisted microscopy is a new imaging technique which allows the diffraction limit to be overcome using transparent microspheres. It makes it possible to reach a resolution of up to 100 nm in air while being label-free and full-field. An overview of the imaging technique is presented showing the influence of the photonic jet on the image nature and the unconventional behaviour of the magnification factor. Moreover, interferometry through microspheres is demonstrated for the 3D reconstruction of nanoelements.
Spatial spectroscopy for high resolution imaging
Authors: Villegas Arturo , Torres Juan P.
Published: August 2020

Quantum estimation theory provides bounds for the precision in the estimation of a set of parameters that characterize a system. Two questions naturally arise: Is any of these bounds tight? And if this is the case, what type of measurements can attain such a limit? In this work we show that for phase objects, it is possible to find a tight resolution bound. Moreover one can find a set of spatial modes whose detection provides an optimal estimation of the complete set of parameters for which we propose a homodyne detection scheme. We call this method spatial spectroscopy since it mimics in the spatial domain what conventional spectroscopy methods do in the frequency domain employing many frequencies (hyperspectral imaging).
Super-resolution for 2.5D height data of microstructured surfaces using the vdsr network
Authors: Siemens Stefan , Kästner Markus , Reithmeier Eduard
Published: August 2020

In this work super-resolution imaging is used to enhance 2.5D height data of thermal sprayed Al2O3 ceramics with stochastically microstructured surfaces. The data is obtained by means of a confocal laser scanning microscope. By implementing and training a Very Deep Super-Resolution neural network to generate residual images an improvement of the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index can be observed when compared to classic interpolation methods.
A new route for high quality nanometric films of inorganic halide perovskites
Authors: Falsini Naomi , Calisi Nicola , Roini Giammarco , Ristori Andrea , Biccari Francesco , Scardi Paolo , Borri Claudia , Caporali Stefano , Vinattieri Anna
Published: August 2020

Successful deposition of CsPbX3 (X = Br, Cl) thin films (50-500 nm) on several kind of substrates has been realized by Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering. The technique allows for high homogeneity of the samples on large areas (several cm2) not only in terms of morphology but also referring to the optical properties. In particular, high resolution (in space, spectrum and time) photoluminescence studies in a wide temperature range (10-300 K) reveal that the low inhomogeneous broadening comes from a submicron size disorder while no significant contribution arises from a micrometric or even larger disorder. Given the relevance of inorganic halide perovskites for innovative optoelectronic devices, our results prove the scalability of this technique. Moreover, the successful deposition on several different substrates open the route for an easy integration in multi-layered structures.
Tuning the transient opto-electronic properties of few-layer MoS2 nanosheets via substrate nano-patterning
Authors: Camellini Andrea , Mennucci Carlo , Mazzanti Andrea , Martella Christian , Lamperti Alessio , Molle Alessandro , Buatier de Mongeot Francesco , Della Valle Giuseppe , Zavelani-Rossi Margherita
Published: August 2020

We study the optical properties of Molybdenum Disulphide nanosheets deposited by chemical vapor deposition onto a nanopatterned substrate endowed with a uniaxial corrugation. The uniaxial nanocorrugation leads to a polarization dependence in steady state and an anisotropic relaxation around the C resonance. Finite element numerical simulations allow to better disclose the scenario. Our findings point towards new possibilities for the manipulation of the optical properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides via substrate nanopatterning.
Strain Sensor from Tapered Fibres
Authors: Sergio Celaschi , Christiano P. Guerra , Claudecir Biazoli , Cristiano B. Cordeiro , Nicolas Grégoire
Published: August 2020

A new all fibre, and low transmission loss, digital optical strain sensor is proposed. This sensor behaves as a Coaxial Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Special depressed cladding single-mode fibre DCF was tapered down to the micrometer scale presenting FSR in the nm range. The sensor is modelled to probe up to ± 0.2% strain when under expansive or compression stresses, returning 20 optical Power Transfer Turning Points (PTTP) at 1575 nm transmitted wavelength.
Laser-induced breakdown measurements of silica nanofibers in air and immersed in water, ethanol and isopropanol
Authors: Bouhadida Maha , Lebrun Sylvie
Published: August 2020

In this paper we present the first study to our knowledge of Laser-Induced Breakdown (LIB) measurements of silica nanofibers in air and in three liquids for different radii in the ns regime. The experimental protocol is described. A significant number of samples are tested and the results are highly repeatable. We showed that immerging a nanofiber in a liquid substantially enhanced the LIB, the most salient increase having been obtained for nanofibers immersed in water for which the LIB has been almost multiplied by a factor of 2 compared with air. This property offers a new degree of freedom to widen the field of applications of nanofibers, where high peaks powers are needed.
Autocompensating Measurement-Device-Independent quantum cryptography in few-mode optical fibers
Authors: Liñares-Beiras Jesús , Prieto-Blanco Xesús , Balado Daniel , Carral Gabriel M.
Published: August 2020

We present an autocompensating quantum cryptography technique for Measurement-Device-Independent quantum cryptography devices with different kind of optical fiber modes. We center our study on collinear spatial modes in few-mode optical fibers by using both fiber and micro-optical components. We also indicate how the obtained results can be easily extended to polarization modes in monomode optical fibers and spatial codirectional modes in multicore optical fibers.
Broadband tunable nonlinear optical response in plasmonic metamaterials -INVITED
Authors: Cesca Tiziana , Genchi Domenico , Rangel-Rojo Raul , Reyes-Esqueda Jorge A. , Mattei Giovanni
Published: August 2020

Nanostructured materials with tunable nonlinear optical response are of great interest for different applications in nanophotonics. In this work we report the results of a comprehensive study on the nonlinear optical properties of two kinds of plasmonic metamaterials, i.e., honeycomb nanoprism arrays and multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials, which proved to have a very rich spectrum of parameters (as metamaterials morphology and composition, wavelength and polarization of an input beam) to exploit for controlling their nonlinear response over a broad spectral range.
Nonreciprocal propagation in a non-Hermitian silicon photonic coupler employing graphene saturable absorption
Authors: Chatzidimitriou Dimitrios , Pitilakis Alexandros , Yioultsis Traianos , Kriezis Emmanouil
Published: August 2020

We present the concept, analysis and design of a nonreciprocal system of coupled nonlinear waveguides, operating at the near infrared. We exploit the spatial asymmetry induced by the exceptional points of a non-Hermitian coupler which, combined with saturable absorption in the nonlinear regime, can break Lorentz reciprocity. In this work, we introduce asymmetric losses in a pair of coupled silicon waveguides by overlaying only one of them with unbiased graphene, subject to saturable absorption. The device can be used as a broadband half-duplex isolator: a two-port component offering unidirectional transmission of high-power signals.
Cosmology analogues in optical systems
Authors: Howard Eric
Published: August 2020

We discuss the possibility of exploiting polariton-exciton physics as an analogue experimental tool to study challenging ideas and existing problems arising in the context of gravity theory and theoretical cosmology. We search for cosmology analogues with specific focus on simulating non-equilibrium dynamics across cosmological phase transitions in laboratory as well as employing optical analogue horizons in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and signatures of white hole radiation to study gravitational and cosmological processes. Our analysis aims to uncover conceptual similarities between condensed matter systems and various phenomena in the Early Universe such as the symmetry breaking of the vacuum energy, spontaneous production of particles, false vacuum and cosmic inflation together with a number of unsolved cosmological problems.
Dependence of optical attenuation on radiation wavelength and waveguide geometry in copper-coated optical fibers
Authors: Cherpak Pavel , Shaidullin Renat , Ryabushkin Oleg
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate a novel approach to the determination of optical loss coefficients in metal-coated fibers in a 0.4-1.9 μm wavelength range. It is based on measuring the change of temperature-dependent electrical resistance of the metal coating caused by laser radiation transmitted through the fiber. A number of single-mode and multimode metallized fibers were investigated using several laser sources operating in visible and near infrared ranges. The spectral dependencies of optical losses of copper-coated fibers were experimentally obtained. The region that corresponds to the minimum optical losses is located near 1 μm wavelength. The increase of radiation losses in 1.5-1.9 μm region is much steeper compared to polymer-coated fibers.
Micro-force measurement with pre-curvature long-period fiber grating-based sensor
Authors: Ferreira Walter S. J. , dos Santos Paulo S. S. , Caldas Paulo , Jorge Pedro A. S. , Sakamoto João M. S.
Published: August 2020

In this work, a long-period fiber grating (LPG) based sensor was evaluated as a sensing device for micro-force measurement, in the order of micro Newtons. It was used an LPG fabricated by arc-inducted technique in a SMF-28 standard optical fiber. The optical fiber was fixed between two clamps with a separation of 150 mm with the middle of the LPG located at the center. Characterizations were performed in terms of temperature, curvature and strain. The grating was then used as a micro-force sensor by means of both curvature and strain, induced by a hung mass in a stretched fiber. Furthermore, the evaluation of a precurvature LPG was performed to assess if an increase of sensitivity is achieved. Micro-force sensitivity achieved with the stretched LPG was 1.41 nm/mN and it was demonstrated that its sensitivity can be enhanced to 5.14 nm/mN with a pre-curvature of 2.2 m–1 applied to the LPG, achieving a spectral resolution of at least 15.6 μN.
Sensor Based on Multiple Fiber Bragg Gratings for Diameter Measurement
Authors: Cardoso Victor , Caldas Paulo , Thereza M. Giraldi R. , Frazão Orlando , Carvalho Claudio , Costa João , Santos José L.
Published: August 2020

A method based on multiple Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) and a structure fabricated using a 3D printer for diameter measurement is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor is easily developed inserting the FBG on the structure and fixing the FBG in two points. Due to this arrangement, when the diameter is reduced a force is applied on the sensor and this causes a wavelength shift. The study is divided in two steps using one experimental setup. At first, each FBG response is independently evaluated concerning the diameter variation and after that, the FBGs are evaluated together. The results demonstrated that the structure can be used as a way to monitor the diameter variation in some applications.
The influence of age, sex and visual dysfunction on reading ability in school-children
Authors: Baptista António M. G. , Serra Pedro , Silva Carlos , Franco Sandra , Gilchrist James , Barrett Brendan
Published: August 2020

Binocular and accommodative dysfunctions affect the efficiency and coordination of the eyes, and this may impair reading performance. Reading can be evaluated using accuracy and speed measures. In this study, we searched for evidence that dysfunctions of accommodation (i.e. accommodation insufficiency, IA) and binocular vision (i.e. convergence insufficiency, CI) and also hyperopia have impact on reading ability. A sample of 292 children read a text following vision screening. The sample was composed of control children and children with the conditions: AI; CI and hyperopia. Multilinear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of variables sex, age and visual condition (control, AI, CI and hyperopia) on reading accuracy and speed. The results showed that ~7% of the variation in reading accuracy was explained by a model where age (p=0.001), and presence of AI (p<0.001) and hyperopia (p=0.019) were statistically significant. On the other hand, ~38% of the variation in the index of speed was explained by age alone (p<0.001). These results confirm the importance of age on children’s ability to read, and suggests that AI and hyperopia, but not CI may affect reading accuracy. Reading speed does not appear to be affected by the presence of binocular or accommodative dysfunction.
Optical Simulation and Design of Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometers for Remote Sensing Applications
Authors: Stöckling C.-A. , Pöschel W. , Schulz S. A.
Published: August 2020

We present the optical simulation and design concept of a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) for mobile applications. A framework using Python and Zemax OpticStudio was developed for the optical system design and automated tolerance analysis from the incoming light, the spectrometer and the imaging lens system to the 2D detector. The spectrometer design and the fabrication methods were validated using a test setup in the VIS spectral range for a future SHS fabrication in the LWIR spectral band operating on small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAV) for remote sensing applications.
Genetisch bedingte Hauterkrankungen – Xeroderma pigmentosum und das CEDNIK-Syndrom
Authors: Martens M. C. , Boeckmann L. , Emmert S.
Published: August 2020

Die Rostocker Hautklinik ist Europäisches Referenznetzwerkzentrum für seltene Hauterkrankungen mit den besonderen Schwerpunkten Xeroderma pigmentosum und Ichthyosen. Diese Themen vertreten wir auch in der medizinischen Grundlagenforschung.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) ist eine seltene, autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, die entsprechend der Gendefekte in 7 Komplementationsgruppen – XP-A bis XP-G sowie die sog. XP-Variante (XP-V) – eingeteilt wird. XP ist ein Nukleotid-Exzisions-Reparatur-Defektsyndrom und äußert sich v. a. durch vorzeitige Hautalterung und frühzeitige Entwicklung von Hauttumoren.

Das seltene, neurokutane CEDNIK-Syndrom ist eine autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, der eine Loss-of-Function-Mutation in SNAP29 zugrunde liegt. SNAP29 ist ein SNARE-Protein und an intrazellulären Membranfusionen beteiligt. CEDNIK ist ein Akronym für den mit dem Syndrom assoziierten Symptomkomplex aus zerebraler Dysgenese, Neuropathie, Ichthyose und Palmoplantarkeratosen. CEDNIK-Patienten weisen neben der Ichthyose zudem Gedeihstörungen, eine psychomotorische Retardierung und faziale Dysmorphien auf.
Motivationale und Volitionale Kurzintervention zur Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität in der Entwöhnungsbehandlung von Abhängigkeitserkrankten (MoVo-EvA)
Authors: Chermette Chloé , Krumpen Sophia , von Au Sabrina
Published: August 2020

Nur wenigen Erwachsenen gelingt es, den gesundheitsförderlichen Bewegungs-Mindestempfehlungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation zu entsprechen. Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen, wie beispielsweise Menschen mit einer Abhängigkeitserkrankung, fällt es oft noch schwerer, ausreichend körperlich aktiv zu sein [1]. Während Patient*innen in stationärer Versorgung die Mindestempfehlung körperlich-sportlicher Aktivität erreichen, ist es eine große Herausforderung, diese positiven Adaptionen über die stationäre Rehabilitation hinaus langfristig aufrechtzuerhalten [2]. Das Anliegen dieses Beitrags ist es, die theoriegeleitete Kurzintervention MoVo-EvA zur Steigerung der poststationären körperlichen Aktivität im Rahmen einer medizinischen Entwöhnungsbehandlung von abhängigkeitserkrankten Menschen vorzustellen. Weiterhin werden auf Grundlage von Erkenntnissen aus einem Pilotprojekt allgemeine, personelle, organisatorische und strukturelle Umsetzungshinweise für die Implementierung der MoVo-EvA-Intervention in Rehabilitationskliniken dargestellt.
Digitale Gesundheitsangebote für Kinder
Authors: Lampert Claudia
Published: August 2020

Durch die Digitalisierung haben sich vielfältige Möglichkeiten für die Vermittlung gesundheitsbezogener Inhalte sowie für das gesundheitliche Selbstmanagement ergeben. Unterhaltsam gestaltete Anwendungen werden als Chance gesehen, insbesondere Kinder für gesundheitsbezogene Themen zu sensibilisieren oder gesundheitsfördernde Verhaltensweisen zu unterstützen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene digitale Angebotstypen sowie deren Potenziale und Grenzen. Bislang liegen nur sehr wenige Studien zum Angebot und zur Nutzung digitaler Gesundheitsangebote vor. Verlässliche Angaben zum Umfang und zur Qualität des Angebots fehlen ebenso wie Daten zum Stellenwert von Gesundheitsangeboten im Medienrepertoire von Kindern. Bei der Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Thema müssen auch die Eltern einbezogen werden, da sie bei den jüngeren Nutzergruppen noch einen hohen Einfluss auf die Angebotsauswahl und Mediennutzung haben. Eltern benötigen niedrigschwellige Informations- und Orientierungsangebote, um eine informierte Auswahl treffen zu können sowie digitale Gesundheitskompetenzen, um Angebote hinsichtlich ihrer Qualität beurteilen und z. B. Gesundheitsdaten und daraus resultierende Empfehlungen richtig interpretieren und einordnen zu können.
Salazinic Acid-Derived Depsidones and Diphenylethers with α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity from the Lichen Parmotrema dilatatum
Authors: Devi Asshaima Paramita , Duong Thuc-Huy , Ferron Solenn , Beniddir Mehdi A. , Dinh Minh-Hiep , Nguyen Van-Kieu , Pham Nguyen-Kim-Tuyen , Mac Dinh-Hung , Boustie Joël , Chavasiri Warinthorn , Pogam Pierre Le
Published: August 2020

Three new depsidones, parmosidones F – G (1 – 2), and 8′-O-methylsalazinic acid (3), and 3 new diphenylethers, parmetherines A – C (4 – 6), together with 2 known congeners were isolated from the whole thalli of Parmotrema dilatatum, a foliose chlorolichen. Their structures were unambiguously determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. The isolated polyphenolics were assayed for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Newly reported benzylated depsidones 1 and 2 in particular inhibited α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 2.2 and 4.3 µM, respectively, and are thus more potent than the positive control, acarbose.
Die diabetische Angiopathie
Authors: Rittig Kilian
Published: August 2020

Die massiv steigenden Zahlen der Diabeteserkrankung in Deutschland und weltweit sowie die damit vergesellschaftete Steigerung der mikro- und makrovaskulären Komplikationen dieser Patienten stellt ein massives gesundheitspolitisches und volkswirtschaftliches Problem dar. Noch vor wenigen Jahren standen uns zur medikamentösen Therapie dieser Patienten im Wesentlichen nur Substanzen zur Verfügung, für die kein oder nur ein geringer Nutzen im Hinblick auf die Reduzierung des kardiovaskulären Risikos belegt war. Die Höhe des HbA1c-Werts war die einzige Richtschnur für die Einschätzung der Güte der Einstellung des Glukosestoffwechsels. Seit einigen Jahren stehen jedoch zunehmend Substanzen zur Verfügung, für die ein positiver Effekt auf das kardiovaskuläre Überleben der Diabetespatienten eindrücklich belegt wurde, und die seitdem Einzug in den klinischen Alltag gehalten haben. Vor allem die Einführung der GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten und der SGLT-2-Inhibitoren haben uns hier ganz neue Therapiemöglichkeiten eröffnet. Auch im Hinblick auf die Diagnostik einer Atherosklerose, insbesondere der pAVK, gilt es bei Menschen mit Diabetes einige Besonderheiten zu beachten, auf die in dieser Übersicht eingegangen wird. Die stetig steigende Zahl der Diabetespatienten mit und ohne Gefäßkomplikationen stellt das Gesundheitssystem und uns Behandler vor gravierende Herausforderungen, die in den nächsten Jahren noch wachsen werden. Diesen werden wir nur gemeinsam und interdisziplinär begegnen können.
A Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of Novel 1,3-Dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridines from Pyridoxal and Ketones
Authors: Pizzuti Lucas , Casadia Izamara , Daher Thalita O. , Moura Sidnei , Back Davi F. , Faoro Eliandro , Schwalm Cristiane S. , Casagrande Gleison A. , Paveglio Guilherme C.
Published: August 2020

A convenient domino route for the synthesis of novel 1,3-dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridines from pyridoxal and alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl ketones under basic conditions is reported. A series of nine derivatives is obtained in 53–90% yields after stirring reactants for 48 hours at room temperature. Most products are easily isolated by filtration followed by recrystallization from ethanol. All products were fully characterized by FTIR, HRMS, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray crystal structure of a representative example of the 1,3-dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridine series is also presented.
DABCO-Catalyzed α-Regio- and Diastereoselective (3+2) Cycloadditions of Nitrone Ylides from Isatins and Activated Alkenes
Authors: Wang Zhen , Yao Weijun , Cheng Xiangsheng , Fei Weihong , Luo Zihao , Li Jianjun
Published: August 2020

α-Regio- and diastereoselective (3+2) cycloadditions of nitrone ylides derived from isatins with activated alkenes have been demonstrated. This mild protocol allows rapid access to a wide range of 3′,5′-diaryl-1′-hydroxy-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,2′-pyrrolidine] derivatives by using DABCO as an efficient catalyst. This method could also be carried out through three-component reaction efficiently in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity.
The Importance of Clinical Presentation in Risk and Management of Recurrent Preterm Birth
Authors: Smith Devin D. , Finneran Matthew M. , Shellhaas Cynthia C. , Samuels Philip , Frey Heather A.
Published: August 2020

Objective This study aimed to compare the risk of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), as well as cerclage efficacy, between groups stratified by phenotype of the index sPTB.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of women with a history of sPTB. Included were women with a history of singleton sPTB who received progesterone in a subsequent pregnancy. Multifetal gestations and abdominal cerclage were excluded. Exposure groups were based upon the presenting symptom that preceded their first sPTB and included painless cervical dilation (PCD), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and painful dilation (preterm labor [PTL]). Primary outcome was delivery <34 weeks in a subsequent pregnancy. Secondary outcomes included delivery <28 and <37 weeks. Rates were compared using the Chi-square test. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to adjust for confounders.

Results A total of 723 women were included. A total of 114 (16%) presented with PCD, 305 (42%) with PPROM, and 304 (42%) with PTL in their first sPTB. Cerclage in subsequent pregnancy was highest in the PCD group (42%) when compared with the PPROM (16%) and PTL (12%) groups. Rates of sPTB <34 and 37 weeks were similar among the groups. After adjusting for confounders, PCD was found to significantly increase the risk of recurrent sPTB <28 weeks (incidence rate ratio: 3.46 [1.09–11.0]; p = 0.04). Of the 121 women who underwent cerclage, there were no significant differences in rates of sPTB between the clinical presentation groups.

Conclusion PCD as a specific phenotype of sPTB impacts recurrence of delivery before 28 weeks, but not at later gestational ages. In contrast, there was no significant association between clinical presentation of index sPTB and gestational latency in women who also underwent cerclage placement in a subsequent pregnancy. Our data suggest that clinical presentation is important with regards to recurrence of early sPTB, but not sPTB at later gestational ages.

Key Points
Low Variability of Blood Pressure Predicts Abnormal Electroencephalogram in Infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Flower Abigail , Vasiliu Daniel , Zhu Tianrui , Andris Robert , Abubakar Maryam , Fairchild Karen , Zanelli Santina , Matsumoto Julie , Mathur Amit M. , Delos John , Vesoulis Zachary
Published: August 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the role of an objective physiologic biomarker, arterial blood pressure variability, for the early identification of adverse short-term electroencephalogram (EEG) outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Study Design In this multicenter observational study, we analyzed blood pressure of infants meeting these criteria: (1) neonatal encephalopathy determined by modified Sarnat exam, (2) continuous mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) data between 18 and 27 hours after birth, and (3) continuous EEG performed for at least 48 hours. Adverse outcome was defined as moderate–severe grade EEG at 48 hours. Standardized signal preprocessing was used; the power spectral density was computed without interpolation. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify which MABP time and frequency domain metrics provided improved predictive power for adverse outcomes compared with standard clinical predictors (5-minute Apgar score and cord pH) using receiver operator characteristic analysis.

Results Ninety-one infants met inclusion criteria. The mean gestational age was 38.4 ± 1.8 weeks, the mean birth weight was 3,260 ± 591 g, 52/91 (57%) of infants were males, the mean cord pH was 6.95 ± 0.21, and 10/91 (11%) of infants died. At 48 hours, 58% of infants had normal or mildly abnormal EEG background and 42% had moderate or severe EEG backgrounds. Clinical predictor variables (10-minute Apgar score, Sarnat stage, and cord pH) were modestly predictive of 48 hours EEG outcome with area under curve (AUC) of 0.66 to 0.68. A composite model of clinical and optimal time- and frequency-domain blood pressure variability had a substantially improved AUC of 0.86.

Conclusion Time- and frequency-domain blood pressure variability biomarkers offer a substantial improvement in prediction of later adverse EEG outcomes over perinatal clinical variables in a two-center cohort of infants with HIE.

Key Points
The influence of expatriate cultural intelligence on organizational embeddedness and knowledge sharing: The moderating effects of host country context
Authors: Stoermer Sebastian , Davies Samuel , Froese Fabian Jintae
Published: August 2020

This study advances our understanding of the contextualization of the effects of cultural intelligence (CQ). Drawing from trait activation theory and institutional theory, we develop a multi-level model showing how host countries’ informal and formal openness towards foreigners facilitate or constrain the importance of expatriates’ CQ in becoming embedded in the host organization. Furthermore, this study positions organizational embeddedness as a mediator in the association between expatriates’ CQ and a central element of expatriates’ jobs – knowledge sharing in the foreign workplace. Results from a cross-lagged survey of 1327 expatriates from 100 different nations residing in 30 host countries combined with secondary data indicate expatriate CQ relates positively to organizational embeddedness. Cross-level interaction analyses further suggest that in-group collectivism, the proxy for host countries’ informal openness towards foreigners, facilitates the importance of CQ as a predictor of expatriates’ organizational embeddedness. In contrast, CQ was not found to interact with the proxy for host countries’ formal openness towards foreigners, i.e. national immigration policies. Consistent with predictions, we identified that CQ relates positively to knowledge sharing and that organizational embeddedness carries an indirect effect. We discuss the implications for theory and practice.
Research on battery liquid-cooled system based on the parallel connection of cold plates
Authors: Tang Wei , Ding Hua , Xu Xiaoming , Fu Jiaqi , Liu Lin , Wei Wang , Xiao Ye , Huang He
Published: August 2020

The performance of a power battery is greatly affected by temperature. This paper optimized the power battery liquid-cooled system and put forward the way of adding fins to the liquid-cooled plate to improve the cooling efficiency of the thermal management system. In this paper, a liquid-cooled battery system model was established, and the thermal balance performance of the parallel liquid-cooled system was studied through numerical analysis. The results show that the parallel liquid-cooled system with an optimized shunt could maintain the maximum temperature of the battery system below 44.31 °C, and the temperature difference of the battery system could maintain at 3 °C, which could meet the temperature requirements of the power battery system.
Observation of normal mode splitting in THz Fabry–Pérot microcavity made of wire grid structures containing cut wire metamaterials
Authors: Nguyenthi Dieuthanh , Okabe Kyosuke , Toyoshima Fumi , Suetake Hiroyuki , Seike Risa , Morohashi Isao , Shimokawa Fusao , Tsurumachi Noriaki
Published: August 2020

In this study, we realize normal mode splitting in Fabry–Pérot (FP) microcavity structures containing cut wire (CW) metamaterials inside the cavity layer in the terahertz (THz) region. We used a wire grid (WG) structure to mirror the microcavity. To verify this concept, we analyzed the reflection and transmission properties of WG, CW, WG cavity (WGC), and microcavity containing CW (CWWGC) using transmission line theory. Consequently, we discovered that when the resonance frequencies of the CW and WGC matched, normal mode splitting occurred and anti-crossing is observed in the dispersion relation in the CWWGC. The samples are designed by the finite difference time domain method and were fabricated via photolithography. We measured the transmission spectrum of the fabricated samples by THz time domain spectroscopy. Finally, we observed a large splitting of the transmission peak owing to mode coupling between the light mode of the FP microcavity and the electric dipole mode of a single CW in the CWWGC.
Improved technology using transmitting currents with short shutdown times for surface nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Lin Tingting , Li Suhang , Gao Xing , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2020

Surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) technology is widely used in the detection of groundwater. However, the dead time arising from the coupling effect of the transmitting circuit on the receiving coil results in partial or complete loss of the SNMR signal. This situation is especially unfavorable for the detection of short relaxation time targets. To solve this problem, we analyzed the shortcomings of the traditional SNMR launch system, and we propose a new transmission method based on an untuned constant voltage-clamped technology to overcome the problems of high resonance voltage, an uncontrollable shutdown process, and long shutdown times. Untuned transmission topology without a matching capacitor, pulse width modulation, and a constant voltage-clamped technique were applied to guide the current rise and shutdown of the system in a controllable way using an integer-period transmission pulse. A simulation experiment comparing the traditional method of transmission and this new method was conducted. The results showed that not only can the new method control the transmission current shutdown process but it can also avoid the delay in response. When the transmitting current drops from 10 A to 0.12 µA, the traditional method requires 2.29 ms and the new method requires only 4 µs. The new transmission system that we have developed based on an untuned constant voltage-clamped technology can improve the level of the transmitting current effectively and shorten the shutdown time.
Pressure dependence of the Raman modes for orthorhombic and monoclinic phases of CsPbI3 at room temperature
Authors: Kurt Arzu
Published: August 2020

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted a great deal of scholarly attention in the last few decades due to their unique properties and potential for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. The mechanical and electrical properties of MHPs are substantially affected by altering pressure and/or temperature. Near the phase transition pressure, these properties alter dramatically and a discontinuity in the Raman frequencies is observed. In this study, the Raman frequencies of the modes were calculated as a function of pressure (at room temperature) through the isothermal mode Grüneisen parameter for these modes by using the experimental volume data from the literature for CsPbI3. Moreover, I calculated the isothermal compressibility and the bulk modulus through the calculated Raman frequency shifts and isothermal Grüneisen parameter as a function of pressure for the orthorhombic and monoclinic phases of CsPbI3 at room temperature. The predicted Raman frequencies, isothermal Grüneisen parameter, isothermal compressibility, and the bulk modulus for the studied modes were compared with the experimental measurements below and above the orthorhombic and monoclinic phases.
Accelerated kinetic Monte Carlo: A case study; vacancy and dumbbell interstitial diffusion traps in concentrated solid solution alloys
Authors: Ferasat Keyvan , Osetsky Yuri N. , Barashev Alexander V. , Zhang Yanwen , Yao Zhongwen , Béland Laurent Karim
Published: August 2020

Vacancy and self-interstitial atomic diffusion coefficients in concentrated solid solution alloys can have a non-monotonic concentration dependence. Here, the kinetics of monovacancies and ⟨100⟩ dumbbell interstitials in Ni–Fe alloys are assessed using lattice kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC). The non-monotonicity is associated with superbasins, which impels using accelerated kMC methods. Detailed implementation prescriptions for first passage time analysis kMC (FPTA-kMC), mean rate method kMC (MRM-kMC), and accelerated superbasin kMC (AS-kMC) are given. The accelerated methods are benchmarked in the context of diffusion coefficient calculations. The benchmarks indicate that MRM-kMC underestimates diffusion coefficients, while AS-kMC overestimates them. In this application, MRM-kMC and AS-kMC are computationally more efficient than the more accurate FPTA-kMC. Our calculations indicate that composition dependence of migration energies is at the origin of the vacancy’s non-monotonic behavior. In contrast, the difference between formation energies of Ni–Ni, Ni–Fe, and Fe–Fe dumbbell interstitials is at the origin of their non-monotonic diffusion behavior. Additionally, the migration barrier crossover composition—based on the situation where Ni or Fe atom jumps have lower energy barrier than the other one—is introduced. KMC simulations indicate that the interplay between composition dependent crossover of migration energy and geometrical site percolation explains the non-monotonic concentration-dependence of atomic diffusion coefficients.
Silicon dynistors with subnanosecond switching times
Authors: Korotkov S. V. , Aristov Yu. V. , Korotkov D. A. , Zhmodikov A. L.
Published: August 2020

High-voltage silicon dynistors, which are turned on by means of initiating a shock ionization process in silicon, have unique capabilities with regard to switching of current pulses of a nanosecond duration. This paper describes the design of shock-ionized dynistors (SIDs) optimized to reduce the energy loss during switching. The use of these SIDs allows for a twofold reduction in the triggering generator’s power consumption. The results of this study show that it is possible to effectively increase the power switched in the nanosecond range through the use of SIDs with a higher operating voltage as well as to effectively reduce the energy loss in the SIDs by increasing the areas of their semiconductor structures. Moreover, it is possible to create switches that are able to switch nanosecond pulses with a power of more than 10 MW based on SIDs connected in series.
Complete characterization of the 3p Rydberg complex of a molecular ion: MgAr+. II. Global analysis of the A+ 2Π and B+ 2Σ+ (3pσ,π) states
Authors: Génévriez Matthieu , Wehrli Dominik , Merkt Frédéric
Published: August 2020

We report a global study of the 3p Rydberg complex of the MgAr+ molecular ion. High-resolution spectroscopic data on the two spin–orbit components of the A+ electronic state were obtained by isolated-core multiphoton Rydberg-dissociation spectroscopy up to vibrational levels as high as v′ = 29, covering more than 90% of the potential wells. Accurate adiabatic potential-energy functions of the A+ and B+ states, which together form the 3p Rydberg complex, were obtained in a global direct-potential-fit analysis of the present data and the extensive data on the B+ state reported in Paper I [D. Wehrli et al., J. Chem. Phys. 153, 074310 (2020)]. The dissociation energies of the B+ state, the two spin–orbit components of the A+ state, and the X+ state of MgAr+ are obtained with uncertainties (1 cm−1) more than two orders of magnitude smaller than in previous studies.