bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extremes and Short‐Term Fluctuations in Coastal Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia
Authors: Damien Pierre , Bianchi Daniele , Kessouri Faycal , McWilliams James C.
Published: November 2024

In Eastern boundary upwelling systems, such as the California Current System (CCS), seasonal upwelling brings low oxygen and low pH waters to the continental shelf, causing ocean acidification and hypoxia (OAH). The location, frequency, and intensity of OAH events is influenced by a combination of large‐scale climatic trends, seasonal changes, small‐scale circulation, and local human activities. Here, we use results from two 20‐year long submesoscale‐resolving simulations of the Northern and Southern U.S. West Coast (USWC) for the 1997–2017 period, to describe the characteristics and drivers of OAH events. These simulations reveal the emergence of hotspots in which seasonal declines in oxygen and pH are accompanied by localized short‐term extremes in OAH. While OAH hotspots show substantial seasonal variability, significant intra‐seasonal fluctuations occur, reflecting the interaction between low‐ and high‐frequency forcings that shape OAH events. The mechanisms behind the seasonal decreases in pH and oxygen vary along the USWC. While remineralization remains the dominant force causing these declines throughout the coast, physical transport partially offsets these effects in Southern and Central California, but contributes to seasonal oxygen loss and acidification on the Northern Coast. Critically, the seasonal decline is not sufficient to predict the occurrence and duration of OAH extremes. Locally enhanced biogeochemical rates, including shallow benthic remineralization and rapid wind‐driven transport, shape the spatial and temporal patterns of coastal OAH.
Vapor Pressure Deficit Controls the Extent of Burned Area Over the Himalayas
Authors: Khadke Leena , Ghosh Subimal
Published: November 2024

Globally, increasing occurrences of forest fires are major threats to the ecosystem. The rich forests in the Himalayas also suffer from high incidents of forest fires in the pre‐monsoon summer months, March to June. Research studies are limited in identifying the meteorological factors governing the spatiotemporal distribution of forest fires. Using three satellite‐based data sets of monthly burned area (BA) for March to June, we found higher BA in the Eastern Himalayas (EH) compared to the Central (CH) and Western Himalayas (WH). Using statistical methods, we found Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) to be the most dominating variable controlling BA in the Himalayas. Precipitation, soil moisture and temperature, with their relative variability, control VPD that governs the interannual and intraseasonal variations of BA. Our results imply that a good forecast of VPD will facilitate alert generation for the Himalayan forest fires.
On the Multiscale Processes Leading to an Extreme Gust Wind Event in East China: Insights From Radar Wind Profiler Mesonet Observations
Authors: Chen Tianmeng , Guo Jianping , Guo Xiaoran , Zhang Yang , Xu Hui , Zhang Da‐Lin
Published: November 2024

In this study, a record‐breaking surface gust wind event of over 45 m s−1, which occurred in the coastal region of East China during the early evening hours of 30 April 2021, is examined. The dynamical characteristics of this event is explored by using a high‐resolution mesonet comprised of eight radar wind profilers (RWPs), surface observations, radar and satellite data. Observational analyses show the development of several cloud clusters ahead of the axis of a midlevel trough with pronounced baroclinicity, and the subsequent organization into a comma‐shaped squall system with a leading convective line over land and a trailing stratiform region moved offshore. The latter is embedded by a mesovortex with intense northerly rear inflows descending to the surface, accounting for the generation of the gusty winds. Results indicate the different roles of multi‐scale processes in accelerating the surface winds to extreme intensity. Specifically, the large‐scale baroclinic trough provides intense background rear inflows that are enhanced by the formation of the mesovortex, while moist downdrafts in the rear inflows account for the downward transport of horizontal momentum, leading to the generation of intense cold outflows and gusty winds close to the leading convective line. Despite the lack of sufficient observations for quantitative analysis, this study provides a qualitative analysis that offers valuable insights into the dynamics of extreme gusty winds. Moreover, the above results underscore the value of RWP mesonet observations in enhancing our understanding of extreme wind events and in improving the nowcasting and prediction efforts in the future.
The Impact of Temperature on the Adiabaticity and Coverage of a Single Shallow Cumulus Cloud
Authors: Huang Kang‐En , Wang Minghuai , Rosenfeld Daniel , Zhu Yannian , Ouyang Xiaoran
Published: November 2024

The uncertainty of climate projection is significantly related to warm cloud feedback, which involves a complex interplay of various mechanisms. However, it is hard to unentangle temperature's impact on a single cloud with experiments, since the cloud dynamics always covary with environmental thermodynamical conditions. In this study, we investigate a simulated single shallow cumulus cloud's response to temperature using two perturbation methods, namely “uniform” and “buoyancy‐fixed”, the latter of which keeps the buoyancy profile unchanged in temperature perturbation. High‐resolution large eddy simulations show that uniform warming significantly increases cloud buoyancy, reducing cloud adiabaticity. If buoyancy is fixed, warming only reduces cloud area, leaving adiabatic fraction almost unchanged. Such a response can be explained by the Clausius‐Clapeyron effect with an idealized 1D diffusion model, showing that warming increases the cloud‐environment absolute humidity difference more than the increase in cloud liquid water content, resulting in a faster loss in both cloud coverage and total liquid water solely by lateral mixing. The responses of cloud coverage and total liquid water counteract, making adiabatic fraction insensitive to temperature change. Our work shows that the cloud adiabatic fraction's response to temperature is sensitive to the perturbed structure of the boundary layer, and the cloud coverage reduction by diffusion acts as a positive cloud feedback mechanism in addition to the adjustment processes of the boundary layer.
Germline BRCA1/2 status and chemotherapy response score in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Morgan Robert D. , Wang Xin , Barnes Bethany M. , Spurgeon Laura , Carrot Aurore , Netto Daniel , Hasan Jurjees , Mitchell Claire , Salih Zena , Desai Sudha , Shaw Joseph , Winter-Roach Brett , Schlecht Helene , Burghel George J. , Clamp Andrew R. , Edmondson Richard J. , You Benoit , Evans D. Gareth R. , Jayson Gordon C. , Taylor Stephen S.
Published: November 2024

Background

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) can be treated with platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and delayed primary surgery (DPS). Histopathological response to NACT can be assessed using Böhm’s chemotherapy response score (CRS). We investigated whether germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA1/2) genotype associated with omental CRS phenotype.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients with newly diagnosed FIGO stage IIIC/IV HGSOC prescribed NACT and tested for gBRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) between September 2017 and December 2022 at The Christie Hospital. The Cox proportional hazards model evaluated the association between survival and key clinical factors. The chi-square test assessed the association between CRS3 (no/minimal residual tumour) and gBRCA1/2 status.

Results

Of 586 eligible patients, 393 underwent DPS and had a CRS reported. Independent prognostic factors by multivariable analysis were gBRCA1/2 status (PV versus wild type [WT]), CRS (3 versus 1 + 2), surgical outcome (complete versus optimal/suboptimal) and first-line poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1/2 inhibitor maintenance therapy (yes versus no) (all P < 0.05). There was a non-significant trend for tumours with a gBRCA2 PV having CRS3 versus WT (odds ratio [OR] = 2.13, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.95–4.91; P = 0.0647). By contrast, tumours with a gBRCA1 PV were significantly less likely to have CRS3 than WT (OR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.14–0.91; P = 0.0291).

Conclusions

Germline BRCA1/2 genotype was not clearly associated with superior omental CRS. Further research is required to understand how HGSOC biology defines CRS.
An allosteric inhibitor of RhoGAP class-IX myosins suppresses the metastatic features of cancer cells
Authors: Kyriazi Despoina , Voth Lea , Bader Almke , Ewert Wiebke , Gerlach Juliane , Elfrink Kerstin , Franz Peter , Tsap Mariana I. , Schirmer Bastian , Damiano-Guercio Julia , Hartmann Falk K. , Plenge Masina , Salari Azam , Schöttelndreier Dennis , Strienke Katharina , Bresch Nadine , Salinas Claudio , Gutzeit Herwig O. , Schaumann Nora , Hussein Kais , Bähre Heike , Brüsch Inga , Claus Peter , Neumann Detlef , Taft Manuel H. , Shcherbata Halyna R. , Ngezahayo Anaclet , Bähler Martin , Amiri Mahdi , Knölker Hans-Joachim , Preller Matthias , Tsiavaliaris Georgios
Published: November 2024

Aberrant Ras homologous (Rho) GTPase signalling is a major driver of cancer metastasis, and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), the negative regulators of RhoGTPases, are considered promising targets for suppressing metastasis, yet drug discovery efforts have remained elusive. Here, we report the identification and characterization of adhibin, a synthetic allosteric inhibitor of RhoGAP class-IX myosins that abrogates ATPase and motor function, suppressing RhoGTPase-mediated modes of cancer cell metastasis. In human and murine adenocarcinoma and melanoma cell models, including three-dimensional spheroid cultures, we reveal anti-migratory and anti-adhesive properties of adhibin that originate from local disturbances in RhoA/ROCK-regulated signalling, affecting actin-dynamics and actomyosin-based cell-contractility. Adhibin blocks membrane protrusion formation, disturbs remodelling of cell-matrix adhesions, affects contractile ring formation, and disrupts epithelial junction stability; processes severely impairing single/collective cell migration and cytokinesis. Combined with the non-toxic, non-pathological signatures of adhibin validated in organoids, mouse and Drosophila models, this mechanism of action provides the basis for developing anti-metastatic cancer therapies.
Emergent biaxiality in chiral hybrid liquid crystals
Authors: Wu Jin-Sheng , Lázaro Marina Torres , Mundoor Haridas , Wensink Henricus H. , Smalyukh Ivan I.
Published: November 2024

Biaxial nematic liquid crystals are fascinating systems sometimes referred to as the Higgs boson of soft matter because of experimental observation challenges. Here we describe unexpected states of matter that feature biaxial orientational order of colloidal supercritical fluids and gases formed by sparse rodlike particles. Colloidal rods with perpendicular surface boundary conditions exhibit a strong biaxial symmetry breaking when doped into conventional chiral nematic fluids. Minimization of free energy prompts these particles to orient perpendicular to the local molecular director and the helical axis, thereby imparting biaxiality on the hybrid molecular-colloidal system. The ensuing phase diagram features colloidal gas and liquid and supercritical colloidal fluid states with long-range biaxial orientational symmetry, as supported by analytical and numerical modeling at all hierarchical levels of ordering. Unlike for nonchiral hybrid systems, dispersions in chiral nematic hosts display biaxial orientational order at vanishing colloid volume fractions, promising both technological and fundamental research utility.
Autoinflammatory patients with Golgi-trapped CDC42 exhibit intracellular trafficking defects leading to STING hyperactivation and ER stress
Authors: Iannuzzo Alberto , Delafontaine Selket , El Masri Rana , Tacine Rachida , Prencipe Giusi , Nishitani-Isa Masahiko , van Wijck Rogier T. A. , Bhuyan Farzana , de Jesus Rasheed Adriana A. , Coppola Simona , van Daele Paul L. A. , Insalaco Antonella , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela , Yasumi Takahiro , Tartaglia Marco , Meyts Isabelle , Delon Jérôme
Published: November 2024

Most autoinflammatory diseases are caused by mutations in innate immunity genes. Previously, four variants in the RHO GTPase CDC42 were discovered in patients affected by syndromes generally characterized by neonatal-onset of cytopenia and auto-inflammation, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and rash in the most severe form (NOCARH syndrome). However, the mechanisms responsible for these phenotypes remain largely elusive. Here, we show that the recurrent p.R186C CDC42 variant, which is trapped in the Golgi apparatus, elicits a block in both anterograde and retrograde transports. Consequently, it favours STING accumulation in the Golgi in a COPI-dependent manner. This is also observed for the other Golgi-trapped p.*192 C*24 CDC42 variant, but not for the p.Y64C and p.C188Y variants that do not accumulate in the Golgi. We demonstrate that the two Golgi-trapped CDC42 variants are the only ones that exhibit overactivation of the STING pathway and the type I interferon response, and elicit endoplasmic reticulum stress. Consistent with these results, patients carrying Golgi-trapped CDC42 mutants present very high levels of circulating IFNα at the onset of their disease. In conclusion, we report further mechanistic insights on the impact of the Golgi-trapped CDC42 variants. This increase in STING activation provides a rationale for combination treatments for these severe cases.
Single cell and spatial transcriptomics highlight the interaction of club-like cells with immunosuppressive myeloid cells in prostate cancer
Authors: Kiviaho Antti , Eerola Sini K. , Kallio Heini M. L. , Andersen Maria K. , Hoikka Miina , Tiihonen Aliisa M. , Salonen Iida , Spotbeen Xander , Giesen Alexander , Parker Charles T. A. , Taavitsainen Sinja , Hantula Olli , Marttinen Mikael , Hermelo Ismaïl , Ismail Mazlina , Midtbust Elise , Wess Maximilian , Devlies Wout , Sharma Abhibhav , Krossa Sebastian , Häkkinen Tomi , Afyounian Ebrahim , Vandereyken Katy , Kint Sam , Kesseli Juha , Tolonen Teemu , Tammela Teuvo L. J. , Viset Trond , Størkersen Øystein , Giskeødegård Guro F. , Rye Morten B. , Murtola Teemu , Erickson Andrew , Latonen Leena , Bova G. Steven , Mills Ian G. , Joniau Steven , Swinnen Johannes V. , Voet Thierry , Mirtti Tuomas , Attard Gerhardt , Claessens Frank , Visakorpi Tapio , Rautajoki Kirsi J. , Tessem May-Britt , Urbanucci Alfonso , Nykter Matti
Published: November 2024

Prostate cancer treatment resistance is a significant challenge facing the field. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling have partially elucidated the mechanisms through which cancer cells escape treatment, but their relation toward the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains elusive. Here we present a comprehensive transcriptomic landscape of the prostate TME at multiple points in the standard treatment timeline employing single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics data from 120 patients. We identify club-like cells as a key epithelial cell subtype that acts as an interface between the prostate and the immune system. Tissue areas enriched with club-like cells have depleted androgen signaling and upregulated expression of luminal progenitor cell markers. Club-like cells display a senescence-associated secretory phenotype and their presence is linked to increased polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC) activity. Our results indicate that club-like cells are associated with myeloid inflammation previously linked to androgen deprivation therapy resistance, providing a rationale for their therapeutic targeting.
Predicting cell type-specific epigenomic profiles accounting for distal genetic effects
Authors: Murphy Alan E. , Beardall William , Rei Marek , Phuycharoen Mike , Skene Nathan G.
Published: November 2024

Understanding how genetic variants affect the epigenome is key to interpreting GWAS, yet profiling these effects across the non-coding genome remains challenging due to experimental scalability. This necessitates accurate computational models. Existing machine learning approaches, while progressively improving, are confined to the cell types they were trained on, limiting their applicability. Here, we introduce Enformer Celltyping, a deep learning model which incorporates distal effects of DNA interactions, up to 100,000 base-pairs away, to predict epigenetic signals in previously unseen cell types. Using DNA and chromatin accessibility data for epigenetic imputation, Enformer Celltyping outperforms current best-in-class approaches and generalises across cell types and biological regions. Moreover, we propose a framework for evaluating models on genetic variant effect prediction using regulatory quantitative trait loci mapping studies, highlighting current limitations in genomic deep learning models. Despite this, Enformer Celltyping can also be used to study cell type-specific genetic enrichment of complex traits.
Temporal single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of gastroesophagus development from embryonic to post-natal stages
Authors: Prakash Pon Ganish , Kumar Naveen , Gurumurthy Rajendra Kumar , Chumduri Cindrilla
Published: November 2024

Gastroesophageal disorders and cancers impose a significant global burden. Particularly, the prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased dramatically in recent years. Barrett’s esophagus, a precursor of EAC, features a unique tissue adaptation at the gastroesophageal squamo-columnar junction (GE-SCJ), where the esophagus meets the stomach. Investigating the evolution of GE-SCJ and understanding dysregulation in its homeostasis are crucial for elucidating cancer pathogenesis. Here, we present the technical quality of the comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset from mice that captures the transcriptional dynamics during the development of the esophagus, stomach and the GE-SCJ at embryonic, neonatal and adult stages. Through integration with external scRNA-seq datasets and validations using organoid and animal models, we demonstrate the dataset’s consistency in identified cell types and transcriptional profiles. This dataset will be a valuable resource for studying developmental patterns and associated signaling networks in the tissue microenvironment. By offering insights into cellular programs during homeostasis, it facilitates the identification of changes leading to conditions like metaplasia and cancer, crucial for developing effective intervention strategies.
Piezo activity levels need to be tightly regulated to maintain normal morphology and function in pericardial nephrocytes
Authors: Schulz Kristina , Hazelton-Cavill Paris , Alornyo Karl K. , Edenhofer Ilka , Lindenmeyer Maja , Lohr Christian , Huber Tobias B. , Denholm Barry , Koehler Sybille
Published: November 2024

Due to their position on glomerular capillaries, podocytes are continuously counteracting biomechanical filtration forces. Most therapeutic interventions known to generally slow or prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease appear to lower these biomechanical forces on podocytes, highlighting the critical need to better understand podocyte mechano-signalling pathways. Here we investigated whether the mechanotransducer Piezo is involved in a mechanosensation pathway in Drosophila nephrocytes, the podocyte homologue in the fly. Loss of function analysis in Piezo depleted nephrocytes reveal a severe morphological and functional phenotype. Further, pharmacological activation of endogenous Piezo with Yoda1 causes a significant increase of intracellular Ca++ upon exposure to a mechanical stimulus in nephrocytes, as well as filtration disturbances. Elevated Piezo expression levels also result in a severe nephrocyte phenotype. Interestingly, expression of Piezo which lacks mechanosensitive channel activity, does not result in a severe nephrocyte phenotype, suggesting the observed changes in Piezo wildtype overexpressing cells are caused by the mechanosensitive channel activity. Moreover, blocking Piezo activity using the tarantula toxin GsMTx4 reverses the phenotypes observed in nephrocytes overexpressing Piezo. Taken together, here we provide evidence that Piezo activity levels need to be tightly regulated to maintain normal pericardial nephrocyte morphology and function.
Fabrication of tannic acid-incorporated polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel and its application as an adsorbent for copper ion removal
Authors: Chunhakowit Parichart , Phabjanda Yada , Aunwisat Atchara , Busayaporn Wutthikrai , Songsrirote Kriangsak , Prayongpan Pornpimol
Published: November 2024

An effective tannic acid-incorporated polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel with high-potential sorption capacity was developed for the removal of copper from aqueous solution. The composite hydrogel exhibited pH-dependent swelling, in which swelling and shrinking occurred reversibly with adjustment of the pH of the medium. At pH 4, the maximal adsorption capacity for copper at 30 °C was 297.0 mg g-1, and the adsorbent dose was 4 g L-1. The adsorption kinetics were best fitted with a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption behavior was well predicted by the Freundlish isotherm. The thermodynamics parameters indicated a spontaneous and exothermic reaction with an increase in the entropy of the system. The chemical changes in the film structure before and after adsorption treatment were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The FTIR, XPS and XAS results confirmed that Cu bound to the oxygens in the -OH, C = O and N-(C = O)- functional groups on the T-HD. XAS analysis revealed the chemical composition and molecular geometry of the adsorbed copper ions. The single-solute adsorption and coadsorption mechanisms, which provide insight into cobalt-copper, nickel-copper, or nickel-cobalt-copper complex solutions, were investigated. The composite hydrogel exhibited excellent regeneration ability in EDTA solution. Notably, the adsorbent retained an adsorption efficiency exceeding 87% even after five regeneration cycles. On the basis of both adsorbent characteristics and adsorption performance, it was determined that the composite hydrogel has the potential to be used as a platform for developing materials to treat wastewater containing high levels of metal contaminants such as those from the electroplating industry.
Mitochondrial ATP synthesis is essential for efficient gametogenesis in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Sparkes Penny C. , Famodimu Mufuliat Toyin , Alves Eduardo , Springer Eric , Przyborski Jude , Delves Michael J.
Published: November 2024

Plasmodium male and female gametocytes are the gatekeepers of human-to-mosquito transmission, therefore essential for propagation of malaria within a population. Whilst dormant in humans, their divergent roles during transmission become apparent soon after mosquito feeding with a rapid transformation into gametes – males forming eight motile sperm-like cells aiming to fertilise a single female gamete. Little is known about how the parasite fuels this abrupt change, and the potential role played by their large and elaborate cristate mitochondrion. Using a sex-specific antibody and functional mitochondrial labelling, we show that the male gametocyte mitochondrion is less active than that of female gametocytes and more sensitive to antimalarials targeting mitochondrial energy metabolism. Rather than a vestigial organelle discarded during male gametogenesis, we demonstrate that mitochondrial ATP synthesis is essential for its completion. Additionally, using a genetically encoded ratiometric ATP sensor, we show that gametocytes can maintain cytoplasmic ATP homeostasis in the absence of mitochondrial respiration, indicating the essentiality of the gametocyte mitochondrion for transmission alone. Together, this reveals how gametocytes responsively balance the conflicting demands of a dormant and active lifestyle, highlighting the mitochondria as a rich source of transmission-blocking targets for future drug development.
Habitat suitability models reveal extensive distribution of deep warm-water coral frameworks in the Red Sea
Authors: Nolan Megan K. B. , Marchese Fabio , Purkis Sam J. , Ouhssain Mustapha , Kheireddine Malika , Terraneo Tullia I. , Chimienti Giovanni , Rodrigue Mattie , Eweida Ameer A. , Jones Burton , Benzoni Francesca
Published: November 2024

Deep-sea coral frameworks are understudied in the Red Sea, where conditions in the deep are conspicuously warm and saline compared to other basins. Habitat suitability models can be used to predict the distribution pattern of species or assemblages where direct observation is difficult. Here we show how coral frameworks, built by species within the families Caryophylliidae and Dendrophylliidae, are distributed between water depths of 150 m and 700 m in the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba. To extrapolate the known (ground-truthed) positions of these deep frameworks, we use environmental and geomorphometric variables to inform well-performing maximum entropy models. Over 250 km2 of seafloor in our study area are identified as suitable for such frameworks, equivalent to at least 35% of the area of photic-zone coral reefs in the same region. We hence contend that deep-water coral frameworks are an important and underappreciated repository of Red Sea biodiversity.
A DCNN‐LSTM model for the construction of the road radio map
Authors: Luo Yechao , Shao Wei , Jin Jun , Liu Yang , Lu Haizhou , Zou Hang , Feng Mengting , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2024

It is crucial for vehicular communications to optimize the field strength coverage on roads, which can be illustrated by the radio map (RM). In this paper, a deep convolutional neural network‐long short‐term memory (DCNN‐LSTM) model for the construction of the road RM is proposed. First, a multi‐modal dataset is built, including the measured field strength, longitude, latitude and elevation data obtained at various measurement points, as well as the outline maps of the buildings that are close to the measurement points. Second, the DCNN‐LSTM model is designed to extract electromagnetic and geographical features separately from the multi‐modal input data and fuse them to predict the field strength at unmeasured points. Finally, the road RM is constructed using the measured and predicted field strength data. The simulation results demonstrate that the field strength prediction accuracy of the proposed model is better than that of the ordinary kriging and the traditional deep learning models. Moreover, it exhibits robust performance even in noise interference environments. The constructed RM also provides an intuitive visualization of field strength coverage along the target road.
Variance‐driven security optimisation in industrial IoT sensors
Authors: Gupta Hardik , Singh Sunil K. , Kumar Sudhakar , Sharma Karan , Saini Hardeep , Gupta Brij B. , Arya Varsha , Chui Kwok Tai
Published: November 2024

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has transformed industrial operations with real‐time monitoring and control, enhancing efficiency and productivity. However, this connectivity brings significant security challenges. This study addresses these challenges by identifying abnormal sensor data patterns using machine learning‐based anomaly detection models. The proposed framework employs advanced algorithms to strengthen industrial defences against cyber threats and disruptions. Focusing on temperature anomalies, a critical yet often overlooked aspect of industrial security, this research fills a gap in the literature by evaluating machine learning models for this purpose. A novel variance‐based model for temperature anomaly detection is introduced, demonstrating high efficacy with accuracy scores of 0.92 and 0.82 on the NAB and AnoML‐IOT datasets, respectively. Additionally, the model achieved F1 scores of 0.96 and 0.89 on these datasets, underscoring its effectiveness in enhancing IIoT security and optimising cybersecurity for industrial processes. This research not only identifies security vulnerabilities but also presents concrete solutions to improve the security posture of IIoT systems.
Intrusion detection in cluster‐based wireless sensor networks: Current issues, opportunities and future research directions
Authors: John Ayuba , Isnin Ismail Fauzi Bin , Hamid Hussain Madni Syed , Faheem Muhammed
Published: November 2024

Wireless sensor network (WSN) cluster‐based architecture is a system designed to control and monitor specific events or phenomena remotely, and one of the important concerns that need quick attention is security risks such as an intrusion in WSN traffic. At the same time, a high‐level security method may refer to an intrusion detection system|intrusion detection systems (IDS), which may be employed effectively to achieve a higher level of security in detecting an intruder attack or any attack initiated within a WSN system. The significance of the detection of network intrusions on heterogeneous cluster‐based sensor networks with wireless connections, as well as the approaches to machine learning utilised in IDS model development, were discussed. In addition, this research conducted several comparative studies of feature selection techniques and machine learning methodologies in the development of intrusion detection systems. The authors used a bibliometric indicator to identify the leading trends when it comes to IDS, and the VOS viewer was used to create a spatial mapping of co‐authorship, co‐occurrence, and citation types of analysis with their respective units of study. The purpose of this research paper is to generate relevant findings and a research problem formulation that can lead to a research gap in the research topic's domain area.
Zwischen den Zeilen lesen – Kommunikationsfertigkeiten im Umgang mit Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Steinmetz Astrid
Published: November 2024

In der Therapie ist die zwischenmenschliche Begegnung das Wichtigste. In diesem Moment schenken wir unserem Gegenüber das Erleben, gesehen zu werden. Und genau das ist es, was Menschen mit Demenz im Kern von uns brauchen: dass sich jemand auf sie einlässt. Beherzigen wir das und trainieren wir unsere Kommunikationsfertigkeiten dahingehend, können wir die Menschen „lesen lernen“, ihnen Sicherheit vermitteln, Handlungsfähigkeit ermöglichen und zu einer effektiven Therapie beitragen.
Guten Appetot – Maier-Kolumne
Authors: Maier Ulrike
Published: November 2024

Die Fronten verhärten sich an der Ernährungsgefechtslinie. Essenszufuhr ist jetzt ein Glaubenssatz, und es gibt Tage, da geht von halbe Stunde zu halbe Stunde ein neues Ernährungskonzept über die Liege.
Hitzeschäden vermeiden
Authors: Bierbach Elvira
Published: November 2024

Hohe Temperaturen können schnell zur Gefahr werden. Beispielsweise verliert der Körper durch gesteigertes Schwitzen Wasser und wichtige Elektrolyte. Es ist wichtig, Hitzefolgen zu vermeiden, sie frühzeitig zu erkennen und rechtzeitig Erste Hilfe zu leisten. Doch was genau sind die Anzeichen, und wie kann man richtig handeln?
Klimakterium virile – die Andropause
Authors: Stern Apothekerin Cornelia , Blume Ralf , Jahn Claus , Löwensprung Natalie Rosenhauer-Von
Published: November 2024

4 Expert*innen stellen Ihnen Behandlungsstrategien aus der Gemmopathie, Klassischen Homöopathie, Komplexhomöopathie und Anthroposophie vor.
Feiner Rauch für dicke Luft
Authors: Koppold Anna
Published: November 2024

Seit Jahrhunderten wird das Räuchern mit Kräutern auf der ganzen Welt für die atmosphärische Reinigung von Häusern und Räumen genutzt, um angestaute, verdichtete Energien aufzulösen. So entsteht eine angenehme, entspannte Atmosphäre.
Gemäß der Wetterlage …
Authors: Welsch Katja
Published: November 2024

Modalitäten sind in der Homöopathie die oft besonderen Begleitumstände, unter denen sich Symptome bessern oderverschlimmern können. Bedingungen wie Temperatur, Wetter und Mondphasen werden in der Anamnese aufgespürt, mit der Arzneimittellehre abgeglichen und bei der Mittelwahl beachtet. Im Fallbeispiel wird einer Patientin mit Causticum geholfen, das zu den in der Anamnese geschilderten Gelenkbeschwerden sowie den Wetterverhältnissen passend erscheint.
Klimaneutrale Praxis: Märchen oder Zukunftsmodell?
Authors: Köhler Daniel
Published: November 2024

Die Ambition der Klimaneutralität geriet aufgrund inflationärer Verwendung in der Vergangenheit in die Kritik, sollte aber dennoch mehr denn je intern umgesetzt und extern kommuniziert werden. Die klimaneutrale Heilpraktikerpraxis führt zu Vertrauensbildung, Transparenz, kurz- und langfristigen Kosteneinsparungen, gesünderen Bedingungen für Mitarbeiter und besserer öffentlicher Wahrnehmung. Die Umstellung einer Praxis auf Klimaneutralität erfordert eine Treibhausgasbilanz (CO2-Fußabdruck), eine Wesentlichkeitsanalyse zur Feststellung der effizientesten und wirtschaftlich möglichen Maßnahmen sowie einen Klimaneutralitätsplan unter Einbeziehung von Förder- und Einsparmöglichkeiten.
Zu heiß, zu kalt: Das Klima und der Körper
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: November 2024

Der Klimawandel betrifft nicht allein die Umwelt. Vor allem Extremtemperaturen wirken sich auf jeden menschlichen Organismus aus. Hitze und Kälte können die Gesundheit unmittelbar beeinflussen oder bestehende Beschwerden verschlimmern. Sie verursachen immer häufiger medizinische Notfälle. Der Beitrag betrachtet außerdem die Bedeutung von Temperaturen für die Einnahme und Wirkweisen von Medikamenten sowie für das Infektionsgeschehen.
Aktuelle Empfehlungen zur Lungenfunktionsdiagnostik – Kurzfassung
Authors: Criée Carl-Peter , Smith Hans-Jürgen , Preisser Alexandra M. , Bösch Dennis , Butt Uta , Borst Matthias M. , Hämäläinen Nina , Husemann Kim , Jörres Rudolf A. , Kardos Peter , Lex Christiane , Meyer F. Joachim , Nachtigall Detlev , Nowak Dennis , Ochmann Uta , Randerath Winfried , Schütz Ansgar , Schucher Bernd , Spiesshoefer Jens , Taube Christian , Walterspacher Stephan , Wollsching-Strobel Maximilian , Worth Heinrich , Gappa Monika , Windisch Wolfram ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. (DGP),   Deutsche Atemwegsliga (DAL),   Deutsche Lungenstiftung (DLS) sowie,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin (DGAUM)
Published: November 2024

Die aktualisierten Empfehlungen zur Lungenfunktion wurden zum Jahreskongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP) 2024 vorgestellt und sind in der Zeitschrift „Atemwegs- und Lungenkrankheiten, Jahrgang 50 (2024) März (111–184)“, publiziert, wo sie als PDF kostenlos abrufbar sind. Diese Empfehlungen integrieren auch neue Ansätze zur Interpretation von Funktionsuntersuchungen, wie sie von der ERS (European Respiratory Society) in Zusammenarbeit mit der ATS (American Thoracic Society) publiziert worden sind. Dies betrifft die Spirometrie, die Bodyplethysmografie, die Diffusionskapazitätsmessung, den Bronchodilatationstest, die unspezifische bronchiale Provokation sowie die Referenzwerte. Die Empfehlungen adressieren auch die Oszillometrie sowie die atemmuskuläre Funktionsdiagnostik. Die aktuell vorliegende Publikation versteht sich als Kurzversion der wesentlichen Inhalte dieser komplexen Empfehlungen zur Lungenfunktionsdiagnostik, weist aber auch darauf hin, dass dies nicht das Studium der Langversion der aktuellen Empfehlungen ersetzt, was es insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der großen Bedeutsamkeit der Lungenfunktionsdiagnostik im klinisch-pneumologischen Alltag zu betonen gilt.
Checkliste Klimaschutz in der Praxis
Authors: Dierbach Elvira
Published: November 2024

Eine Checkliste kann dabei helfen, beim Klimaschutz in der Praxis strukturiert vorzugehen.
First Steps Toward a Participatory Research Program: Early Intervention Perspectives on SLP Services for Children of Diverse Backgrounds
Authors: Kover Sara , Arora Natasha , Barton Hannah , Roberts Carly
Published: November 2024

This research was designed to deepen the understanding of contributing factors to disparities in speech-language pathology (SLP) service delivery to children of diverse backgrounds with language and communication delays, as well as to initiate community connections. We sought to understand the perspectives and experiences of those who provide or oversee SLP services to children with communication disorders in early intervention settings in Washington State. Individual semistructured interviews were completed with six SLPs and three administrators across five organizations. The interviews were designed to understand both individual- and systems-level contributing factors to service delivery challenges. Interviews were analyzed using an iterative coding process with multiple rounds of coding and multiple coders. In addition to synthesizing participants' understandings of, and preparation for, culturally responsive practice, three overarching themes are presented: (1) assets of early intervention as a service delivery model, (2) the distance between families and the practitioners and systems that serve them, and (3) compromised access and quality of services due to a predominantly monolingual-English system. Findings inform the next steps for building community partnerships with early intervention organizations. The long-term goal of this work is to collaboratively develop a participatory research program on equitable service delivery that addresses children's, families', and SLPs' needs.
Total Elbow Replacement in Swine: Surgical Technique and Initial Clinical Experience in a Kunekune Sow
Authors: H. Santiago Mejia , McOnie Rebecca C. , Bellefeuille Sean D. , Tinga Selena , Guiot Laurent P.
Published: November 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the development of a total elbow replacement (TER) technique in swine and report the outcome of TER in a Kunekune sow (61 kg) with severe elbow osteoarthritis.

Methods The technique was developed by operating on three pig cadavers (Yorkshire 40–50 kg). The TATE Elbow implant fit was confirmed with modeling to the patient's computed tomography imaging. Patient-specific instrumentation was printed for attempted use. Total elbow replacement was performed using a lateral approach, including lateral epicondylar osteotomy, careful retraction of the radial nerve, and preservation of the lateral collateral ligament. Postoperative care included controlled exercise and physical therapy.

Results A lateral approach to the pig elbow for TATE TER was successfully developed. The bulk of the lateral head of the triceps muscle precluded use of the patient-specific instrumentation; the procedure was performed using standard instrumentation. Radiographic evidence up to 9 months postoperatively showed adequate implant alignment and satisfactory osteointegration of humeral and radioulnar components. There were not any postoperative complications and the patient's comfort was improved by 6 months and sustained at 18 months.

Conclusion A lateral approach for TATE TER in a pig with advanced elbow osteoarthritis proved feasible and effective. With the expansion of the TATE Elbow line, it is possible that a larger range of pigs could be treated. This report suggests that a lateral approach for TATE TER in dogs could represent a suitable alternative to the medial approach currently used.
Biomechanical Comparison of Spacer Pin Fixation to Two Established Methods of Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Stabilization in Dogs
Authors: Sullivan Anna L. , Ordway Nathaniel R. , Park Brian H. , Natsios Pavlos , Petazzoni Massimo , Tinga Selena
Published: November 2024

Objective The aim of this cadaveric study was to compare the biomechanical outcomes of three methods of stabilization for tibial tuberosity transposition to treat medial patellar luxation: a complete osteotomy with a two-pin and tension band wire (TBW) fixation (TBW group), a partial osteotomy with a two-pin fixation (2 Pin group), and a partial osteotomy with a spacer pin fixation (Spacer Pin group).

Study Design Thirty medium to large-sized canine cadaveric tibiae were dissected and randomly assigned to one of three groups: TBW, 2 Pin, and Spacer Pin groups. The patellar ligaments were loaded in tension until ultimate failure. Ultimate failure force and mode of failure were documented, stiffness was calculated, and the results were compared statistically between the three treatment groups.

Results There were not any significant differences in ultimate failure force or stiffness between groups. All groups predominantly failed by patellar ligament failure, with distal tibial crest fracture/displacement being the second-most common mode in the 2 Pin and Spacer Pin groups.

Conclusion The mechanical properties of the spacer pin stabilization were not different from the TBW and 2 Pin groups. The spacer pin technique could be an alternative way to stabilize tibial tuberosity following tibial tuberosity transposition with a partial osteotomy based on this cadaveric load-to-failure model.
California Mortality and the Healthy Places Index
Authors: Maizlish Neil , Damicis Adrienne
Published: November 2024

We investigated California mortality and social determinants of health, as measured by the Healthy Places Index (HPI), which is a composite measure of 23 indicators of neighborhood (census tract) economic conditions, education, transportation, housing, social capital, environmental pollution, built-environment, and access to health care. We aggregated deaths to 2010 census tract boundaries for leading causes, 2015 to 2019, and COVID-19, 2020-2021, from death certificates and populations from the American Community Survey, 2015 to 2019. We age-adjusted and stratified death rates by HPI deciles, age, gender, and race/ethnicity, and examined HPI dose-response with segmental regression. For all causes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, diabetes, cirrhosis of the liver, injuries, and Alzheimer’s disease (ages 65-74 years), mortality rates were inversely related to HPI decile. For all causes mortality, the rate ratio between the 1st and 10th decile (reference) was 1.63 (CI95%: 1.60–1.66), and, for COVID-19, the rate ratio was 7.61 (CI95%: 7.14–8.12). The population attributable fraction was 24% for all causes and 72% for COVID-19. Age, gender, race/ethnicity modified the steepness and shape of dose-response curves. The findings illustrate opportunities to incorporate area-based socioeconomic measures in routine public health surveillance, and to reinforce policies and programs that reduce health inequities.
Impact of using dosing criteria to refine pharmacogenomic clinical decision support for tricyclic antidepressants
Authors: Massmann Amanda , Petry Natasha , Mills Sarah , Adjekum Adwoa , Van Heukelom Joel
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of dose-specific logic for tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) pharmacogenomics (PGx) clinical decision support (CDS). We aimed to provide guidance in an area with limited supporting literature, ensure optimal dosing through CDS, and limit alert fatigue. The primary outcome was the reduction in alerts prescribers encountered, while the secondary outcome included an analysis across specialties.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted to examine TCA PGx CDS before and after implementation of dosing criteria for alerts. Data were abstracted from the electronic medical record. A χ2 test was performed to analyze the frequency of alerts in behavioral health and other specialties.

Results

In the cohort lacking dose criteria, most TCA orders were for indications other than depression (76%) and guidelines would not apply to the majority of these orders. Using dosing criteria to refine CDS reduced the volume of TCA alerts by 74.8%. Alert volume decreased the most in specialties other than behavioral health due to prescriptions for indications other than anxiety or depression (P = 0.035).

Conclusion

Dose-centric alerts may be used as a strategy to achieve optimal dosing. Alerting clinicians when dose modifications should occur contributes to getting the right dose to the right patient. Future efforts should focus on optimal dosing of medication through CDS enhancements.
AIGen: an artificial intelligence software for complex genetic data analysis
Authors: Hou Tingting , Shen Xiaoxi , Zhang Shan , Liang Muxuan , Chen Li , Lu Qing
Published: November 2024

The recent development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, especially the advance of deep neural network (DNN) technology, has revolutionized many fields. While DNN plays a central role in modern AI technology, it has rarely been used in genetic data analysis due to analytical and computational challenges brought by high-dimensional genetic data and an increasing number of samples. To facilitate the use of AI in genetic data analysis, we developed a C++ package, AIGen, based on two newly developed neural networks (i.e. kernel neural networks and functional neural networks) that are capable of modeling complex genotype-phenotype relationships (e.g. interactions) while providing robust performance against high-dimensional genetic data. Moreover, computationally efficient algorithms (e.g. a minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation approach and batch training) are implemented in the package to accelerate the computation, making them computationally efficient for analyzing large-scale datasets with thousands or even millions of samples. By applying AIGen to the UK Biobank dataset, we demonstrate that it can efficiently analyze large-scale genetic data, attain improved accuracy, and maintain robust performance. Availability: AIGen is developed in C++ and its source code, along with reference libraries, is publicly accessible on GitHub at https://github.com/TingtHou/AIGen.
MPA-MutPred: a novel strategy for accurately predicting the binding affinity change upon mutation in membrane protein complexes
Authors: Ridha Fathima , Gromiha M Michael
Published: November 2024

Mutations in the interface of membrane protein (MP) complexes are key contributors to a broad spectrum of human diseases, primarily due to changes in their binding affinities. While various methods exist for predicting the mutation-induced changes in binding affinity (ΔΔG) in protein–protein complexes, none are specific to MP complexes. This study proposes a novel strategy for ΔΔG prediction in MP complexes, which combines linear and nonlinear models, to obtain a more robust model with improved prediction accuracy. We used multiple linear regression to extract informative features that influence the binding affinity in MP complexes, which included changes in the stability of the complex, conservation score, electrostatic interaction, relatively accessible surface area, and interface contacts. Further, using gradient boosting regressor on the selected features, we developed MPA-MutPred, a novel method specific for predicting the ΔΔG of membrane protein–protein complexes, and it is freely accessible at https://web.iitm.ac.in/bioinfo2/MPA-MutPred/. Our method achieved a correlation of 0.75 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.73 kcal/mol in the jack-knife test conducted on a dataset of 770 mutants. We further validated the method using a blind test set of 86 mutations, obtaining a correlation of 0.85 and an MAE of 0.77 kcal/mol. We anticipate that this method can be used for large-scale studies to understand the influence of binding affinity change on disease-causing mutations in MP complexes, thereby aiding in the understanding of disease mechanisms and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.