bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Cold Formed Steel Material at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Muftah Fadhluhartini , Mohd Sani Mohd Syahrul Hisyam , Osman Ahmad Rasidi , Razlan Mohd Azran , Mohammad Shahrin
Published: March 2016

Fire accident is considered as the one of most severe environmental hazards to building and infrastructure. Cold formed steel (CFS) beam has been used extensively as primary load bearing structural member in many applications in the building construction due to high efficiency in term of production, fabrication, and assembling in construction. This material must be well perform in fire incident in term of its integrity and stability of structural for a period of time. Hence, the assessment of the material properties of this material is greatly important in order to predict the performance of this structure under fire incident. The tensile coupon tests of CFS are according to BS EN 10002-1:2001. The CFS material G450 with 1.9 mm thickness is used in this study. The elastic modulus, yield stress, correspondent percentage strain at yield stress, ultimate stress, and correspondent percentage strain of ultimate stress was 200.3 GPa, 540.5 MPa, 0.478 %, 618.8 MPa, and 8.701 % respectively. The results of the ambient temperature test have been used to assess the mechanical strength of CFS at elevated temperature. The discussion of material properties is based on EC3-1-2 and proposed model from other researchers. The main material properties discussed is the stress-strain curve, elastic modulus, yield strength at elevated temperature was determined. The actual elastic region is slightly lower than the prediction of EC3-1.2 at ambient temperature, but well fit with two other studies. Besides that, the actual material properties experience strain hardening after yielding and reach a maximum stress up to 618 MPa while EC3-1.2 predict the constant value of the yield stress after yield until 15 % strain,other two study was fit the ambient tensile test up to ultimate stress, and fit until 2 % strain level.
Influence of Graphene (0.01 wt. %) on Structural, Morphological and Photovoltaic Properties of TiO2-Based DSSC Using Electrolyte Gel
Authors: Abdullah Huda , Mahalingam Savisha , Omar Azimah , Razali Mohd Zikri , Bolhan Aisyah , Shaari Sahbudin
Published: March 2016

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) doped with reduced graphene oxide, rGO also known as graphene were fabricated at concentrations of 0.01 wt.% . The performance of TiO2/graphene based DSSC and TiO2 based DSSC were studied using electrolytes; PAN-based gel electrolyte. The thin films were characterized using several characterizations such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and current-voltage (I-V) measurement. The micrograph images obtained by SEM demonstrated that the thin films are highly porous. The XRD characterization showed that the crystalline particle of thin films is an anatase state and high percentage of carbon composition can be determined using EDX analysis. Through I-V characteristic, the current density Jsc, open circuit-voltage Voc, fill-factor FF, and efficiency η of the TiO2-based DSSC were 0.196 mA/cm2, 0.44 V, 0.496 and 0.043% respectively. I-V characteristic showed an increase in values for rGO/TiO2 based DSSC such as Jsc = 1.177 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.66 V, FF = 0.656 and η = 0.509%. The addition of rGO concentration has improved the efficiency of DSSC while the use of electrolyte gel can sustain the stability of the cell.
Electrochemical Migration Behaviours of Low Silver Content Solder Alloy SAC 0307 on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) in NaCl Solution
Authors: Othman Norinsan Kamil , Teng Koh Yunn , Jalar Azman , Che Ani Fakhrozi , Samsudin Zamri
Published: March 2016

Electrochemical migration (ECM) of solder joining can result in the growth of a metal deposit with dendrite structure from cathode to anode. In electronic device, this phenomenon potentially leads to the incompetence or failure of whole devices. In this paper, the ECM behaviour of printed circuit boards (PCBs) with SAC 0307, one of the low-cost lead-free solder alloys with less silver content, has been studied. The corrosion behaviour of SAC 0307 has been investigated by using sodium chloride solution in different concentrations which is between 0.01 M to 1.0 M as a medium. A Water Drop Test (WDT) was carried out and the time-to-failure of each sample has been recorded. After WDT test, the dendrite phase was identified using Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (VPSEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate its surface morphology and corrosion products. As results, it has been found that the corrosion susceptibility of SAC 0307 is greatly influenced by the concentration of the medium solution used. The voltage drop occurred was due to the dendrite grew at the cathode electrode on the PCBs and expanded to the anode electrode, indicating a significant effect of aggressive behaviour of the medium used. The rate of the dendrite growth was affected by the concentration of the medium used. The main element found in the dendrites on the SAC 0307 on PCBs was Tin as it is more mobile than Cu.
Characteristic of Modified Geometrical Open-Cell Aluminum Foam by Casting Replication Process
Authors: Mohd Razali Razmi Noh , Abdullah Bulan , Ismail Muhammad Hussain , Muhamad Norhamidi
Published: March 2016

In this work, aluminium foams with modified geometry were successfully fabricated with a combination of dense and porous structure The main objective of this study were to determine the initial physical properties of aluminium foam with modified geometry in terms of density, porosity and morphology. Three different NaCl space holder sizes ranging from 1 mm to 3 mm were sieved and used to replicate the final pore size of aluminium foam. The samples were successfully produced through casting replication process. After densification, samples underwent water leaching in ultrasonic bath to remove completely the space holder. Results showed that porosity of the aluminium foam increased from 50 – 62% when the size of space holder was increased from 1 mm to 3 mm. The morphology showed clearly an integrated modified geometry between dense and inter-connected porous structure which is beneficial for applications that require combination properties of structural, thermal and mechanical properties.
Effect of Au NPs on the Spectral Modification of Er-Doped Zinc Sodium Tellurite Glass
Authors: Awang Asmahani , Ghoshal S.K. , Sahar M.R. , Arifin R.
Published: March 2016

Optimizing of the spectroscopic features of rare earth (RE) doped inorganic glasses via tuneable growth of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) is demanding in plasmonic based nanophotonics. We report the gold (Au) NPs assisted sizeable enhancements in Er3+ luminescence in zinc-sodium tellurite glass. Glasses of the form 70TeO2-20ZnO-10Na2O-(x)Er2O3-(y)Au (x = 0.0 and 1.0 mol%; y = 0.0-0.6 mol% in excess) are synthesized via melt-quenching method and thoroughly characterized. Au concentration dependent variations in the physical and spectroscopic properties of glasses are determined. XRD data confirms the amorphous nature of all samples. UV-Vis-NIR spectra reveal seven absorption bands corresponding to the transitions from ground state (4I15/2) to 4I13/2, 4I11/2, 4I9/2, 4F9/2, 2H11/2, 4F7/2 and 4F5/2 excited states of Er3+. TEM micrograph manifests the existence of non-spherical Au NPs with average size of 8.6 nm. Prominent surface plasmon band of Au NPs is evidenced around 629 nm. Furthermore, Au NPs display a SPR mediated strong absorption in the visible region. Room temperature visible down-conversion emission (under 425 nm excitation) reveal three significant peaks centred at 532 (moderate green represent 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 transition), 550 (weak green represent 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition) and 588 nm (strong green represent 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition). Glass containing 0.4 mol% of Au exhibiting the highest luminescence intensity is ascribed to the NPs local field enhancement and energy transfer between RE ions and NPs. Variations in the physical properties of glass are explained in terms of the alteration in structures and ligand interactions with Au NPs present in the glass network. The intense field amplification discerned in the vicinity of Au NPs is attributed to the charge accumulation at the surface of the NPs. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Au NPs and energy transfer (ET) from NPs to Er3+ ions are primarily attributed for the observed spectral modification. It is established that our glass composition displaying such significant enhancement may be beneficial for the development of up-converted solid state lasers and other plasmonic devices.
Properties of Al-Doped ZnO Nanorods Synthesized Using Low Temperature Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Nur Syafinaz Ridhuan , Lockman Zainovia , Aziz Azlan Abdul , Razak Khairunisak Abdul
Published: March 2016

This work describes the growth of 1-D Al-doped ZnO nanorods via low temperature hydrothermal reaction on seeded substrates. The amount of Al doped ZnO nanorods were tuned by using different concentration of aluminum nitrate from 1-20 mM. The optimum 5 mM Al doping produced an arrays of sharp-tip nanorods with average length of ~1.16 μm and average diameter of ~118 nm. I-V characteristic of the Al-doped ZnO nanorods fabricated onto Al electrodes were observed under UV illumination and dark condition. The change in photoconductivity of Al-doped ZnO nanorods under UV light was found two orders of times higher compared to ZnO nanorods. Different concentrations of aluminium doped ZnO nanorods UV sensing showed response to UV light but with different sensing value. 5 mM Al-doped ZnO showed high responsivity of fabricated UV sensing at 3V with 23.56 A/W which was higher compared to other concentrations. This suggested that the responsivity of Al-doped ZnO NRs UV sensing could be controlled to some extent by controlling the percentage of Al-doped.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Starch-Based Bioplastics
Authors: Ismail Nurul Aina , Mohd Tahir Syuhada , Yahya Norihan , Abdul Wahid Muhamad Firdaus , Khairuddin Nur Ezzati , Hashim Ibtihah , Rosli Nurfarhana , Abdullah Maryam Aqilah
Published: March 2016

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of plastic synthesized using bio-based starch. The method began with extraction of starch from chosen tubers with high content of starch; potato and yam. The samples were first grated, grinded and strained to obtain crude starch, which then centrifuged and rinsed to get pure starch. The starch was then reacted with hydrochloric acid to breakdown amylopectin to prevent the starch from becoming plastic-like. Finally, propan-1,2,3-triol was added as a plasticizer to increase the elasticity of the product. The chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the products were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), tensile strength tester and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR spectra of the product displayed the presence of O-H, C-H, C=O and C-O absorption peaks, which indicate the formation of bioplastic has already occured. The tensile strength obtained for potato and yam starch-based bioplastic are 0.6 MPa and 1.9 MPa, respectively. The result gained from TGA showed that 50% weight loss occurred at 250°C for potato and 310°C for yam-based plastic. The highly biodegradability of the plastic was proven using soil burial test, which observed the percentage of soil biodegradation for potato and yam-based bioplastic in 1 week duration is 43% and 26%, respectively. These bio-based plastics have exhibited good thermal and mechanical properties with high biodegradability that makes them a suitable alternative for the existing conventional plastics.
Scratch Hatch and Nanoscratch Evaluation of Silicone-Dammar Coating as Soft Coating Resin Materials
Authors: Zakaria Rosnah , Ahmad Azizah Hanom
Published: March 2016

Viscosity and rheological investigation are preliminary investigation to identify the mixture behaviour. The investigation found that SD mixtures behave like pseudoplastic behaviour and this showed that the mixture is the right solution to be a paint mixture. Scratch hatch is a conventional method to measure the adhesion of dried coating. SD15, SD10 and SD5 were showed the smooth edges of the cut. However, nanoscratch test is a high technology method measure the minimum depth of penetration on SD40 followed by SD25, SD15 and SD5. This showed that the SD40 is the hardest coating film. As for all adhesion performance, SD15 becoming the best coating film with medium standard evaluation.
Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Anisole over Heteropoly Acid Supported on Porous Montmorillonite
Authors: Endud Salasiah , Basir Norsahika Mohd , Lintang Hendrik O.
Published: March 2016

Porous montmorillonite (PMMT) was derived from natural montmorillonite (MMT) through functionalization using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and intercalation with cationic potato starch as the template. Phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on PMMT was synthesized by wet impregnation method. The resulting PMMT showed remarkable increase in surface area from the low value of 191 m2g‒1 for parent MMT to the high value of 930 m2g‒1 for PMMT. Acidity studies by pyridine adsorption followed by FTIR spectroscopy showed that both MMT and PMMT possessed strong Lewis acid sites. In contrast, the surface acidity of HPW incorporated into PMMT was shown to be significantly enhanced by forming mainly Brönsted acid sites. The catalytic activity of these materials was evaluated in the Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with propionic anhydride. The PMMT/30HPW catalyst which possesses the highest number of Brönsted acid sites showed excellent catalytic activity giving selectivity as high as 95% toward the main product, p-methoxypropiophenone.
First Principles Study on Structural and Electronic Properties of PZT and PSnZT Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Hussin N.H. , Taib Mohamad Fariz Mohamad , Badrudin F.W. , Johari N.A. , Salleh Nunshaimah , Yahya M.Z.A. , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor
Published: March 2016

The geometry optimization of the tetragonal supercell 1x1x2 (P4mm, 99 space group) of PZT and PSnZT were calculated using different exchange correlation functional such as Local Density Approximate (LDA-CAPZ) and Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA-PBE & GGA-PBEsol).The calculation using functional GGA-PBEsol exhibits the most accurate values of lattice parameter and volume of structure relative to the experiment results with typical error of approximately 1% underestimate (only for PZT-as reference materials). The electronic band structure and density of state (DOS) were also studied in order to understand the electron density and hybrization between cation and anion in the compound. The density of state studies indicated existing of hybridizations among anion O 2p, cation Pb 6s/Sn 5s (special lone pair) and the Ti 3d/Zr 4d states of PZT and PSnZT compound. An indirect band gap was respectively obtained for both cubic PZT and PSnZT at the F-G and Q-G point with 3.154 eV and 2.571 eV.
Адиабатическая эволюция, порожденная оператором Шрeдингера с дискретным и непрерывным спектрами
Authors: Smirnov Andrey Borisovich , Fedotov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2016

В работе рассматривается одномерное нестационарное уравнение Шредингера с потенциалом, медленно зависящим от времени. Предполагается, что у соответствующего стационарного оператора, зависящего от времени как от параметра, имеется конечное число отрицательных собственных значений и абсолютно непрерывный спектр, заполняющий положительную полуось. Исследуется решение уравнения Шредингера, близкое в некоторый момент времени к одной из собственных функций. Описано его асимптотическое поведение в случае, когда с течением времени все собственные значения двигаются к началу непрерывного спектра и, по очереди достигая его, исчезают одно за другим.
Коммутирующие дифференциальные операторы ранга $2$ с полиномиальными коэффициентами
Authors: Oganesyan Vardan Spartakovich
Published: March 2016

В данной работе рассматриваются самосопряженные коммутирующие дифференциальные операторы с полиномиальными коэффициентами. Эти операторы образуют коммутативную подалгебру первой алгебры Вейля. В работе найдены новые примеры коммутирующих дифференциальных операторов ранга $2$.
Голоморфные миноранты плюрисубгармонических функций
Authors: Baiguskarov Timur Yulaevich , Khabibullin Bulat Nurmievich
Published: March 2016

Пусть $\varphi$ - плюрисубгармоническая функция в псевдовыпуклой области $D$ из $n$-мерного комлексного пространства. Показано, что существует ненулевая голоморфная в $D$ функция $f$, для которой некоторые локальные усреднения функции $\varphi$ с логарифмическими добавками мажорируют $\log |f|$. Аналогичный вопрос обсуждается и для локально интегрируемой функции в $D$ в терминах выметания положительных мер.
Precipitation response to El Niño/La Niña events in Southern South America – emphasis in regional drought occurrences
Authors: Penalba Olga Clorinda , Rivera Juan Antonio
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The ENSO phenomenon is one of the key factors that influence the interannual variability of precipitation over Southern South America. The aim of this study is to identify the regional response of precipitation to El Niño/La Niña events, with emphasis in drought conditions. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used to characterize precipitation variabilities through the 1961–2008 period for time scales of 3 (SPI3) and 12 (SPI12) months. A regionalization based on rotated principal component analysis allowed to identify seven coherent regions for each of the time scales considered. In order to identify the regional influence of El Niño and La Niña events on the SPI time series, we calculated the mean SPI values for the El Niño and La Niña years and assessed its significance through bootstrap analysis. We found coherent and significant SPI responses to ENSO phases in most of the seven regions considered, mainly for the SPI12 time series. The precipitation response to La Niña events is characterized with regional deficits, identified with negative values of the SPI during the end of La Niña year and the year after. During El Niño events the precipitation response is reversed and more intense/consistent than in the case of La Niña events. This signal has some regional differences regarding its magnitude and timing, and the quantification of these features, together with the assessment of the SST composites during drought conditions provided critical baseline information for the agricultural and water resources sectors.
Benthic phosphorus cycling in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Lomnitz Ulrike , Sommer Stefan , Dale Andrew W. , Löscher Carolin R. , Noffke Anna , Wallmann Klaus , Hensen Christian
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) that impinge on continental margins favor the release of phosphorus (P) from the sediments to the water column, enhancing primary productivity and the maintenance or expansion of low-oxygen waters. A comprehensive field program in the Peruvian OMZ was undertaken to identify the sources of benthic P at six stations, including the analysis of particles from the water column, surface sediments, and pore fluids, as well as in situ benthic flux measurements. A major fraction of solid-phase P was bound as particulate inorganic P (PIP) both in the water column and in sediments. Sedimentary PIP increased with depth in the sediment at the expense of particulate organic P (POP). The ratio of particulate organic carbon (POC) to POP exceeded the Redfield ratio both in the water column (202 ± 29) and in surface sediments (303 ± 77). However, the POC to total particulate P (TPP = POP + PIP) ratio was close to Redfield in the water column (103 ± 9) and in sediment samples (102 ± 15). This suggests that the relative burial efficiencies of POC and TPP are similar under low-oxygen conditions and that the sediments underlying the anoxic waters on the Peru margin are not depleted in P compared to Redfield. Benthic fluxes of dissolved P were extremely high (up to 1.04 ± 0.31 mmol m−2 d−1), however, showing that a lack of oxygen promotes the intensified release of dissolved P from sediments, whilst preserving the POC / TPP burial ratio. Benthic dissolved P fluxes were always higher than the TPP rain rate to the seabed, which is proposed to be caused by transient P release by bacterial mats that had stored P during previous periods when bottom waters were less reducing. At one station located at the lower rim of the OMZ, dissolved P was taken up by the sediments, indicating ongoing phosphorite formation. This is further supported by decreasing porewater phosphate concentrations with sediment depth, whereas solid-phase P concentrations were comparatively high.
AEGIS: a wildfire prevention and management information system
Authors: Kalabokidis Kostas , Ager Alan , Finney Mark , Athanasis Nikos , Palaiologou Palaiologos , Vasilakos Christos
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We describe a Web-GIS wildfire prevention and management platform (AEGIS) developed as an integrated and easy-to-use decision support tool to manage wildland fire hazards in Greece (http://aegis.aegean.gr). The AEGIS platform assists with early fire warning, fire planning, fire control and coordination of firefighting forces by providing online access to information that is essential for wildfire management. The system uses a number of spatial and non-spatial data sources to support key system functionalities. Land use/land cover maps were produced by combining field inventory data with high-resolution multispectral satellite images (RapidEye). These data support wildfire simulation tools that allow the users to examine potential fire behavior and hazard with the Minimum Travel Time fire spread algorithm. End-users provide a minimum number of inputs such as fire duration, ignition point and weather information to conduct a fire simulation. AEGIS offers three types of simulations, i.e., single-fire propagation, point-scale calculation of potential fire behavior, and burn probability analysis, similar to the FlamMap fire behavior modeling software. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were utilized for wildfire ignition risk assessment based on various parameters, training methods, activation functions, pre-processing methods and network structures. The combination of ANNs and expected burned area maps are used to generate integrated output map of fire hazard prediction. The system also incorporates weather information obtained from remote automatic weather stations and weather forecast maps. The system and associated computation algorithms leverage parallel processing techniques (i.e., High Performance Computing and Cloud Computing) that ensure computational power required for real-time application. All AEGIS functionalities are accessible to authorized end-users through a web-based graphical user interface. An innovative smartphone application, AEGIS App, also provides mobile access to the web-based version of the system.
High resolution wave and hydrodynamics modelling in coastal areas: operational applications for coastal planning, decision support and assessment
Authors: Samaras Achilleas G. , Gaeta Maria Gabriella , Moreno Miquel Adrià , Archetti Renata
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Numerical modelling has become an essential component of today's coastal planning, decision support and risk assessment. High resolution modelling offers an extensive range of capabilities regarding simulated conditions, works and practices, and provides with a wide array of data regarding nearshore wave- and hydro-dynamics. In the present work, the open-source TELEMAC suite and the commercial software MIKE21 are applied to selected coastal areas of South Italy. Applications follow a scenario-based approach in order to study representative wave conditions in the coastal field; the models' results are intercompared in order to test both their performance and capabilities, and are further evaluated on the basis of their operational use for coastal planning and design. A multiparametric approach for the rapid assessment of wave conditions in coastal areas is also presented, and implemented in areas of the same region. The overall approach is deemed to provide useful insights on the tested models and the use of numerical models – in general – in the above context, especially considering that the design of harbours, coastal protection works and management practices in the coastal zone is based on scenario-based approaches as well.
The large-scale assessment of avalanche risk for ski resort areas in Northern Caucasus region
Authors: Komarov A. Y. , Seliverstov Y. G. , Glazovskaya T. G. , Turchaninova A. S.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Avalanche pose a significant problem in most mountain regions of Russia. The constant growth of economic activity in highlands and the increased avalanche hazard lead to the demand to develop the methods of large-scale avalanche hazard assessment. This is needed for the determination of appropriate avalanche protection and life safety measures in avalanche-prone areas, as well as for economical reasons. The data obtained from large-scale avalanche risk assessments using our method should be valuable for various economical estimations of developing mountain regions in Russia The actuality of natural hazard risk estimations is also determined by the Federal Law of Russian Federation. According to the National Standards, such estimations should take place during the engineering surveys of the object. However, the required standard algorithm and formulas for such assessments do not exist (and cant be found) in official documentation. According this problem, our main purpose was to develop the large-scale risk assessment method and to approbate it on the developing but poorly researched ski resort areas. This method includes the formulas to calculate collective and individual avalanche risk. The results of risk analysis are shown in quantitative data that can be used to determine levels of avalanche risk (appropriate, acceptable and inappropriate) and to suggest methods to decrease the individual risk to acceptable level or better. It makes possible to compare risk quantitative data obtained from different regions, analyze it and evaluate the economical feasibility of protection measures.
The First French Settlement in Texas
Authors: Meyrieux Jacqueline
Published: March 2016

The initial European incursions in the American continent were marked by tenuous and sometimes provocative cultural exchanges, relentless uncertainty and confusion, muddled nostalgia, horrific violence, and immense distances. The recent discovery of the shipwreck The Belle in Matagorda Bay has reinvigorated scholarly interest in the French colony founded by René-Robert Cavelier (Sieur de La Salle) in Texas in the late seventeenth century. The company's attempt to bring European culture and life to the Americas was colored by local customs, class distinctions, long stints of boredom, vengeance, and murder; there were also several important social transitions, including that of men and women who abandoned European life altogether, conflicting in-group etiquettes among the French (including mutiny), and the looming complications of a return home. This article examines the diary of Henri Joutel, one of the members of the La Salle company who survived the ordeal and returned to France. It focuses on how the company affiliates balanced harsh labor and constant uncertainty with home-rituals involving food consumption and religious ceremony, and measured interactions (including military alliances) with Native Americans, which became enormously important to their subsistence.
“No Perfect House”: Destabilized Domesticity by Border Crosser Annie Proulx
Authors: Jocelyn Hannah May
Published: March 2016

To cross the carefully mediated border between the United States and Canada is to become unsettled. As a woman who has lived long-term stints in both countries, contemporary writer Annie Proulx has closely experienced this physical and emotional dislocation. In interviews, she has mentioned feeling rootless, as though a “perpetual outsider” (Lafreniere, 2009). Perhaps engendered by the lingering effect concomitant to border crossing, this rootlessness is represented in her work by transient characters and deteriorating homes. Like Proulx, her fictional characters are outsiders, an illustration of the liminality contracted by border crossing. Their dislocation serves to dismantle myths of the home and home life and to disrupt the historically established gender binary. This paper investigates how Proulx's background as a border crosser allows her the insight to write subtly yet truthfully of being unsettled so that we may read a demystification of domesticity.
“Either feed your belly or nourish your soul”: Work, Artistic Aspiration and Autobiography in Rosa R. Cappiello's Oh Lucky Country
Authors: Carniel Jessica
Published: March 2016

Written during the tentative first decade of multicultural policy in Australia and set in the 1970s, Cappiello's Oh Lucky Country (1984) reveals a view of Australian multiculturalism as exploitative of migrants and their ethnic cultures. The protagonist and narrator, Rosa, struggles with her intersecting identities as a migrant and as a writer within this new multicultural paradigm; her migrant status often thwarts her literary ambitions yet, as a migrant who writes, she presents a desirable cultural resource. Her cultural value as a writer is, however, secondary to her economic value as a worker; Rosa struggles against her working class reality, which she sees as taking time away from her true literary vocation. This paper explores the tension between Rosa's desire to write and her need to work, and the values of these different types of labour within multicultural Australia. It argues that each of Rosa's identities—writer, worker, migrant—all reflect a sense of isolation and marginalisation from both her host society and her ethnic community. It also examines the text's generic categorisation as autobiographical fiction, with a particular consideration of how autobiographical writing by migrants is received popularly and critically.
Designing Bilingual Scenarios to Promote English Language Learning at a Public School in Monteria
Authors: Romero Yanilis , Manjarres Milton Pajaro
Published: March 2016

This research study examines the assumptions of creating bilingual scenarios to promote English language learning for 384 students of ninth, tenth and eleventh grade of a public school in Monteria Colombia. An action research methodology was carried out in this study. The findings of this research suggested that the creation of bilingual scenarios within the school facilitated the promotion of English language learning because the students felt the need to use the target language in different contexts and situations and also because they felt that they were an important part of the teaching-learning process.
Omgevingswet: maak de ambities waar, maar maak het niet ingewikkelder dan het al is
Authors: Nijmeijer A.G.A. (Tonny)
Published: March 2016

Omgevingswet: maak de ambities waar, maar maak het niet ingewikkelder dan het al is

In dit gastredactioneel wordt het advies van de Raad voor de leefomgeving en infrastructuur over de AMvB’s onder de Omgevingswet besproken.
Het omgevingsplan in de Omgevingswet
Authors: van Angeren J.R. (Jan Reinier)
Published: March 2016

Het omgevingsplan in de Omgevingswet

In dit artikel wordt het omgevingsplan besproken. Na een weergave van de totstandkomingsgeschiedenis van dit instrument wordt de inhoud van het omgevingsplan behandeld. Aan de orde komen de verschillende regels die het omgevingsplan moet bevatten, de bevoegdheid om het omgevingsplan vast te stellen, de omgevingswaarden en de programma’s. Ook wordt ingegaan op de wijze waarop het omgevingsplan als toetsingskader voor omgevingsvergunningen gaat functioneren.
Reactie op ‘Kanttekeningen bij de Utrechtse kantorenaanpak’
Authors: de Vries H.J. (Henk)
Published: March 2016

Reactie op ‘Kanttekeningen bij de Utrechtse kantorenaanpak’

In deze bijdrage reageert de auteur op de kanttekeningen die door Groothuijse en Korsse zijn geplaatst bij zijn artikel in TO 2015, afl. 3, p. 113-132
De ervaren mogelijkheden om te re-integreren vanuit detentie
Authors: Molleman Toon , Lasthuizen Karin
Published: March 2016

The experienced possibilites to reintegrate from detention

In this article we examine which factors are correlated to the rehabilitation of prisoners. Central is the prisoners’ willingness during their imprisonment to work on a successful return in society. Assumptions derived from the theory were statistically tested with data from the Dutch Detainee Survey 2014; a large-scale study, in which prisoners held in all Dutch penitentiary institutions (N = 29) were surveyed (n = 2120). The results are in line with the theory and show that detainees are more positive about their (potential for) rehabilitation when they are more satisfied with a) the way they are treated by correctional officers (staff orientation); b) active deployment of the so-called Detention and Re-integration Plan; c) their daily program and activities, and; d) the experienced autonomy and personal decision-making. These outcomes offer fruitful perspectives on how the prison system can promote a successful return of prisoners in our society.
Politie en burgers: van informatie delen naar volwaardige samenwerking
Authors: Kerstholt José , de Vries Arnout , Huis in ’t Veld Mirjam
Published: March 2016

Police and citizens: from sharing information to full co-production

Community oriented policing (COP) can be seen as a co-production between citizens and police (and other stakeholders) in increasing public safety. There is a broad range of projects to cooperate with citizens. We ordered these projects along two dimensions: level of co-production (informing/consulting, advising and co-creation) and domain (prevention, law and order, investigation and quality of life). Today, most initiatives are at the lowest rungs (informing and consulting), but social media provide new possibilities to involve citizens in a more direct and fast way. The effects of the various projects are mostly limited to psycho-social factors like experienced safety, feelings of control and legitimacy. However recent studies show that these factors may have an indirect effect on crime rate. Furthermore, as reducing crime rate was not the only goal for introducing COP effect studies should not be limited to crime rate but incorporate a broad range of indicators.
Educação Especial, Educação Inclusiva e Pedagogia da Diversidade: Celebrar a diversidade! Exaltar a tolerância! Notabilizar o respeito! Proclamar a solidariedade!
Authors: Lunardi-Lazzarin Márcia Lise , Hermes Simoni Timm
Published: March 2016

Na articulação da Educação Especial com a Educação Inclusiva, este artigo objetiva problematizar como a Pedagogia da Diversidade tem perpassado a formação continuada das professoras e as práticas curriculares ditas inclusivas na escola contemporânea. A partir dos Estudos Foucaultianos em Educação e dos Estudos Culturais, a materialidade analítica constitui-se por relatos da obra “Atendimento Educacional Especializado no Brasil: relatos da experiência profissional de professores e sua formação”, derivada do Curso de Aperfeiçoamento/Extensão em Atendimento Educacional Especializado, ofertado por uma universidade pública do sul do país, na Rede Nacional de Formação Continuada de Professores na Educação Especial. Nessa materialidade analítica, o direito à educação reveste-se como direito à educação da diversidade, e este direito potencializa as operações do Atendimento Educacional Especializado na escola dita inclusiva. Nesse contexto, a Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva aciona o preparo para o acolhimento e o trato da diversidade, de modo a intensificar a formação continuada das professoras, em detrimento da formação inicial, e produzir a informação, a opinião, a generalização, a rapidez e o pragmatismo do atual serviço da Educação Especial nesses cursos de aperfeiçoamento/extensão. Celebrar a diversidade! Exaltar a tolerância! Notabilizar o respeito! Proclamar a solidariedade!  Por meio da tríade da tolerância, do respeito e da solidariedade, essa formação continuada e as práticas curriculares na escola dita inclusiva produzem modos de sociabilidade plurais, inclusivos no registro da governamentalidade neoliberal.
A Classroom Hands-on Tool: Exploring Height
Authors: Hajra Sayonita Ghosh
Published: March 2016

Measurement is a prominent topic of study in mathematics because of its practicability in so many areas of life (CCSSI 2010; NCTM 2000). Solving triangle area problems appears in the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSI 2010) for grade 6 geometry. The focus is on understanding the area formula for triangles by relating the shapes to rectangles. It is crucial to have a concrete understanding of how to find the height of a triangle to apply the area formula for triangles
The math diet: An instructional framework to grow mathematicians
Authors: Thunder Kateri , Demchak Alisha N.
Published: March 2016

The metaphor of a balanced diet is used in literacy to describe the components of literacy instruction that are vital to growing readers and writers (NRP 2000). In a balanced literacy diet, the components work in tandem to give students multiple contexts to practice and transfer their understanding, knowledge, and skills. Similarly, the Math Diet provides an instructional framework to grow proficient mathematicians based on mathematics education research (NCTM 2014; NRC 2009). (See the more4U note at the end of the article for how to access a summary table of the Math Diet that is available online.) The Math Diet for students in kindergarten through fifth grade includes five components.
Promoting Mathematical Argumentation
Authors: Rumsey Chepina , Langrall Cynthia W.
Published: March 2016

These evidence-based instructional strategies can lead to deeper mathematical conversations in upper elementary school classrooms.
Complex Counting in Kindergarten
Authors: Sci Eve , Kircher Kristen Sendrowski , Shook Heather
Published: March 2016

Composing and decomposing small sets of objects can allow young students to see the whole group as well as the subsets that created the whole.
Induction of CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β Expression With the Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Isobutylmethylxanthine Improves Myoblast Engraftment Into Dystrophic Muscle
Authors: Lala-Tabbert Neena , Fu Dechen , Wiper-Bergeron Nadine
Published: March 2016

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, is the most common muscular dystrophy. Characterized by rounds of muscle degeneration and regeneration, DMD features progressive muscle wasting and is fatal. One approach for treatment is transplantation of muscle progenitor cells to repair and restore dystrophin expression to damaged muscle. However, the success of this approach has been limited by difficulties in isolating large numbers of myogenic progenitors with strong regenerative potential, poor engraftment, poor survival of donor cells, and limited migration in the diseased muscle. We demonstrate that induction of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) using the cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) results in enhanced myoblast expansion in culture and increased satellite cell marker expression. When equal numbers of IBMX-treated cells were transplanted into dystrophic muscle, they contributed to muscle repair more efficiently than did vehicle-treated cells and engrafted into the satellite cell niche in higher numbers, demonstrating improved cell migration from the site of injury and enhanced survival after transplantation. Thus, pharmacologic stimulation of C/EBPβ expression reprograms myoblasts to a more stem cell-like state, promotes expansion in culture, and improves engraftment such that better transplantation outcomes are achieved.

Significance

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder for which no cure exists. One therapeutic approach is transplantation of myogenic progenitors to restore dystrophin to damaged muscle, but this approach is limited by poor engraftment of cultured myoblasts. Transient upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β in primary myoblasts using the phosphodiesterase isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) increases satellite cell marker expression in cultured myoblasts, improves their migration, and increases their survival after transplantation. When transplanted into C57BL/10ScSn-mdx/J mice , IBMX-treated myoblasts restored dystrophin expression and were able to occupy the satellite cell niche more efficiently than controls. A myoblast culture approach that reprograms myoblasts to a more primitive state, resulting in improved transplantation outcomes and reinvigorating research into myoblast transplantation as a viable therapeutic approach, is described.
A Rational Strategy for the Use of Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cell Therapy for Liver Diseases
Authors: Miki Toshio
Published: March 2016

Stem cell-based therapies hold the potential to alleviate the burden of many serious diseases, including those of the liver. Among the different types of stem cells, human placenta-derived stem cells are potentially one of the most clinically applicable stem cells because of their tissue-specific advantages. They are a readily available cell source that can be procured in a noninvasive manner, and there are few ethical concerns regarding their use. Recent studies have demonstrated that the amniotic epithelium contains stem cells that possess four unique and advantageous properties; human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) have low immunogenicity, secrete several immune regulatory molecules, possess the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers, and contain abundant lysosomes allowing them to secrete lysosomal enzymes. This perspective article provides an overview of the beneficial properties of hAECs and proposes a rational strategy for translating placental stem cells toward clinical application for various liver diseases.

Significance

This article provides an overview of the beneficial properties of one type of human placental stem cell and proposes a rational strategy for translating placental stem cells toward clinical application for various liver diseases.
L’atteinte à la vie familiale au Québec : premier mouvement
Authors: Lacroix Mariève
Published: March 2016

Ni le Code civil du Québec, ni la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne ne comprennent des mesures visant à assurer le droit au respect de la vie familiale. La famille demeure pourtant le socle de la société. Simple omission ou oubli volontaire du législateur? Dans une première partie, l’auteure pose les jalons d’une théorie de la famille dans le Code civil. Si l’on insiste sur un droit à une vie familiale, il faut se poser la question : quelle famille? Sur la base d’une signification donnée de la famille, avec une emphase marquée pour la teneur des liens qui unit les membres de la cellule familiale, plus que sa seule composition, l’auteure relève, dans une seconde partie, les mécanismes qui sanctionnent des atteintes à la famille. De cette analyse du droit québécois sur les atteintes à la vie familiale, l’auteure conclut que les tribunaux sanctionnent des atteintes directes (aliénation d’affection) et indirectes (perte de consortium et de servitium, et solatium doloris) à la vie familiale. Ils condamnent également des atteintes à la dignité, à l’honneur et à la réputation de la famille au regard du nom, mais aussi s’il y a offense du vivant d’un membre de la famille ou de sa dépouille mortelle. Par conséquent, un droit au respect de la vie familiale existe au Québec.
La destinée perpétuelle de la propriété entre symbolisme et aléas
Authors: Emerich Yaëll
Published: March 2016

La propriété est-elle destinée à être perpétuelle? Si la propriété est certainement imprescriptible, l’imprescriptibilité doit être distinguée de la perpétuité. La reconnaissance de propriétés non perpétuelles par le droit positif québécois ou français, qui sont autant d’aléas au principe d’une propriété perpétuelle, pose la question de savoir si la perpétuité de la propriété n’est pas un symbole, voire un mythe. La thèse défendue ici est de dire que si la propriété est, en tant que prérogative fondamentale du droit des biens, destinée à être perpétuelle — par opposition aux droits réels démembrés ou droits sur la chose d’autrui, qui doivent être limités dans le temps pour ne pas porter atteinte à la structure du droit des biens et à la reconstitution de la propriété pleine et entière à l’extinction du démembrement — cette perpétuité n’est toutefois pas de l’essence de la propriété, ce qui explique les cas de propriété non perpétuelle ou à terme. Outre les exemples de la propriété superficiaire et de la copropriété, la propriété spatio-temporelle, la substitution, la propriété fiduciaire, ou encore la propriété intellectuelle peuvent s’analyser comme des exemples de propriété temporaire, remettant en cause le dogme d’une propriété absolument perpétuelle. La notion de modalité de la propriété, qui renvoie à une manière d’être de la propriété, ne saurait à ce titre faire écran au fait que la propriété peut ne pas être perpétuelle.
Upconversion photoluminescence imaging and spectroscopy of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Aota Shun , Akizuki Naoto , Mouri Shinichiro , Matsuda Kazunari , Miyauchi Yuhei
Published: March 2016

We demonstrate microscopic observations of recently discovered efficient upconversion (anti-Stokes) photoluminescence (UCPL) [Nat. Commun. 6, 8920 (2015)] of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). UCPL images and spectra of the identical isolated SWNTs were obtained. Unlike previous observations on the SWNT ensemble, some individual SWNTs exhibit UCPL spectra coincident with Stokes PL spectra. The excitation polarization dependence of UCPL intensity indicates that the intermediate states in the upconversion process are extrinsic. These observations are likely to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the UCPL mechanism towards the realization of highly efficient UCPL of SWNTs.
Optimising Concrete Slabs with Paper Formworks
Authors: Amicarelli Fabio , Lloret‐Fritschi Ena
Published: September 2024

The constant demand for new buildings means concrete continues to contribute to a large proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Italian architect and researcher Fabio Amicarelli, and Assistant Professor in Architecture and Guest‐Editor of this AD Ena Lloret‐Fritschi, discuss the Foldcast project being developed by the Fabrication and Material Aware Architecture (FMAA) group at the Università della Svizzera Italiana in Mendrisio. Foldcast combines software and digital machines to produce non‐standard, recyclable, paper‐based moulds for casting structurally efficient concrete elements.
Hybrid Earth‐Timber Floor Slabs: Scaling Circular, Low‐Carbon Construction Through Automation
Authors: Bonwetsch Tobias , Huber Tobias
Published: September 2024

Whilst reusable and sustainable, the age‐old construction technique of rammed earth is also labour intensive in its compacting and tamping, and therefore expensive. The contemporary building industry consequently shies away from it. Tobias Bonwetsch, co‐founder of Zurich‐based sustainable construction start‐up Rematter, and Tobias Huber of ZPF Ingenieure in Basel, describe their research into combining earth with locally sourced renewable timber and an automated manufacturing process to produce composite floor slabs that use the strengths and advantages of each material.
Sustainable Construction Through On‐site Robotic Fabrication: Past and Future Concepts
Authors: Jenny Selen Ercan , Gawel Abel
Published: September 2024

The use of robotics in construction has been experimented with for nearly fifty years. Selen Ercan Jenny, Guest‐Editor of this AD, and Abel Gawel, Principal Researcher in Computer Vision and Machine Learning with the Huawei European Research Center, run us through a brief history of such developments, and describe the sustainable advantages of contemporary research in this field alongside the many hurdles still to be overcome to achieve the full adoption of robots on construction sites.