bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simplified Expansions of Common Latitudes with Geodetic Latitude and Geocentric Latitude as Variables
Authors: LI Xiaoyong , LI Houpu , LIU Guohui , Shaofeng BIAN , Chenchen JIAO
Published: May 2022

Using the symbolic calculation program Mathematica, based on the power series expansions of common latitude with geodetic latitude as a variable, power series expansions of common latitude with geocentric latitude as variable are derived. The coefficients of the two groups of formulas are based on the ellipsoid eccentricity e and the ellipsoid third flattening n, which make the expansions more uniform. Taking CGCS2000 as an example, numerical analysis is applied to verify the accuracy and reliability of the derived power series expansions. By analyzing and calculating the truncation error of common latitude based on ellipsoidal eccentricity e and the third flattening n expansion to different orders, we obtain simplified practical formulas for common latitude that satisfy the requirement of geodesic accuracy. Moreover, we show that the practical formula derived has higher calculation efficiency and easier dissemination, enriches the theory of map projection, and provides a basis for better display of remote sensing images.
The Problems of Patients With Muscular Dystrophy in Accessing Health Services During the COVID-19 Process and Solution Proposals: a Qualitative Research
Authors: TURKEN Askeri , ÇAPAR Haşim , KURT Mehmet Emin , ÇAKMAK Cuma
Published: May 2022

Purpose: It is aimed to reveal the problems experienced by patients with Muscular Dystrophy (MD) in accessing health services during the COVID-19 process and solutions for these problems.Methods: The research is a qualitative study. The participants were reached with the snowball sampling method, and since they were in the pandemic process, the problems they experienced were tried to be revealed by providing access via online methods.Results: Participants are mostly male. Half of the participants are married, and half are single. Participants mostly have a primary education level. Most of the participants do not work. Participants primarily reside in the city center. In addition, nearly half of the participants declared that their income is below 2000TL. Conclusion: In this study, some significant findings of the pandemic regarding MD patients' feelings and thoughts about their life practices, treatments, and access to health services they need for the disease were revealed. Patients with MD stated that they could not easily access the health services they wanted and needed due to muscle weakness. In their opinion, one of the most important reasons for this situation is that the treatments they need are not available in every hospital, or they cannot access them due to their financial and social problems. Another reason pointed out is that the health workers in the family physicians and primary health care institutions they are closest to do not have information about their diseases.
Hematological and ionic parameters in Holstein dairy cows according to the different physiological stage: first report in Algeria
Authors: Mekroud Meriem , Ouchene-Khelifi Nadjet Amina , Titi Amel , ARZOUR-LAKEHAL N. , Ouchene Nassim , Mekroud Abdessalam
Published: May 2022

This study aims to investigate, for the first time in Algeria, the variations of hematological and ionic parameters of Holstein dairy cows according to the physiological stage, as an indicator of its health status. The survey was conducted between January and March 2020 and carried out on 4 lots of 15 dairy cows each. The analysis of blood parameters concerned: red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets (PLT), the white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MONO), neutrophils (NEU), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BASO) and ionic parameters such as potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and sodium (Na). The RBC level was lowest in the 2nd third of gestation (6.0 ± 0.8 x 106/µL) and in postpartum period (5.6 ± 0.8 x 106/µL), in comparison to the 1st third (6.6 ± 0.6 x 106 / µL) and 3rd third (dry period) of gestation (6.7 ± 0.5 x 106 / µL) (p<0.0001). The same observation was noted for HCT (p<0.0001). MCV was highest in dry cows (p<0.01). MCH and MCHC were highest in cows that were in the postpartum period (p<0.001). For WBC, the count was higher in the 1st third of gestation compared to the other stages, (11.3 ± 2.2 x 103 / µL) versus (6.4 ± 4.1 x 103 / µL), (5.2 ± 1.3 x 103 / µL), and (8.0 ± 4.9 x 103 / µL) for the 2nd third, 3rd third of gestation, and postpartum, respectively (p<0.001).In postpartum cows, the ionic parameters had the lowest values of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) compared to the other stages (p<0.001).This investigation can be used as a basis for information on the hematological and ionic profile of dairy cattle in order to determine the health status before the onset of clinical signs.
Integrated Analysis of Genes Related to Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis Using Gene Co-expression Networks
Authors: he Xinghong , Zhou Xiuya , Zhang Lifei , Wang Ning , Niu Xiaochen , Zou Chongmin , Li Yang , Wang Li , Wang Xiaohui
Published: May 2022

Background: This study aims to identify key molecular targets in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) occurrence and progression.Methods: GSE5281 was obtained by screening and collection of the GEO database and denoted as set 1. Differential analysis was carried out on AD samples and healthy samples in set 1. Hippocampal tissues which were extracted from APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were used to measure the syntaxin 17 (STX17) gene and protein expression. Set 1 samples was divided into the STX17 high expression group and the low expression group and denoted as set 2. Differential analysis was carried out on set 2. The hippocampal sample expression matrix in GSE48350 was named as set 3 for weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). GSE33000 was used to construct the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model for analysis and validation. Results: 6151 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in set 1. STX17 has significantly low expression in the hippocampal tissues of AD mice. 3651 DEGs were obtained from set 2. 2658 common DEGs were obtained in the overlap of the two sets. 22 co-expression modules were obtained from set 3. 401 genes were ultimately obtained from the overlap between genes in the WGCNA significance module and the common DEGs in the two sets and Cytoscape was used for further visualization analysis to obtain the PPI networks of 18 crucial genes. LASSO model construction and fitting was carried out to obtain seven genes common to AD and STX17 (AMPH, GAD2, GAP43, REPS2, SGIP1, STXBP1, SYN2).Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis was used to examine the intrinsic mechanisms of AD pathogenesis and determine the important role of STX17 in AD progression. Integrated analysis was used to obtain crucial molecular targets common to AD and STX17, which provides new ideas for future AD mechanistic studies and treatment.
Morbidities associated with Testicular abnormality in pregnancy. A cohort study of 37375 infants
Authors: Lai# Shuhua , Zhang QiuYu , Wu Yi , Xu Ying , Lin Jiajia , Zheng Xinting , Yan Jianying , Lin Hai , Zhang Yulong
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND
Both hydrocele and cryptorchidism are common congenital abnormalities with an increasing incidence in many countries. Testicular abnormalities such as testicular hydrocele and cryptorchidism and their relationship with maternal hyperglycemia have become current research topics. This study researches whether increased blood sugar levels lead to congenital testicular abnormalities.
MATERIALS & METHODS
This retrospective and consecutive cohort study was conducted on singleton pregnancies having completed 20 or more weeks of gestation from the Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital, China. Differences were assessed with the Pearson χ2 test and the t-test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were applied for outcomes.
RESULTS
A total of 37375 infants were enrolled for the selection of cases and controls. We found that oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) of the case group's glucose level dramatically increased compared with the control group at 1 hour and 2 hours (p = 0.001, p = 0.016). In the testicular hydrocele group a remarkable increase was observed inOGTT1H and OGTT2H with the same criteria compared to the control group (p = 0.0001). Moreover, mothers were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) at a higher rate (p = 0.0001). The prevalence of premature delivery was also significantly higher in the testicular hydrocele group than in the control group (p = 0.0001). However, the OGTT0H was significantly higher in the cryptorchidism group compared to the control group (p = 0.0257).
CONCLUSION
The present study showed that hyperglycemia during pregnancy leads to a higher prevalence of testicular abnormality of the infants, such as testicular hydrocele and cryptorchidism. However, further investigation is required to determine whether premature delivery and GDM could contribute to the observed conditions.
Safety and efficacy of low-dose and long-course Tirofiban in large hemispheric infarction
Authors: Hu Yinqin , Xiao Qian , Shi Zhizhen , Hou Yangbo , Chen Zhen , Li Guoyi , Cheng Jiwei
Published: May 2022

Background: The clinical efficacy and safety of tirofiban in the treatment of large hemispheric infarction (LHI) remain controversial.Methods: This study prospectively enrolled patients with acute LHI who were admitted to Putuo Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2021 to December 2021. The patients were randomly assigned to the tirofiban group (3-4 µg/(kg·h)) or control group (clopidogrel 75 mg/d). ﻿Results: A total of 71 patients with acute LHI were selected: 36 in tirofiban group and 35 in control group.The reduction of the NIHSS score in tirofiban group was 2.92±9.31 at discharge, and that of the control group was -3.23±12.06 (P=0.021, OR, 0.006; 95% CI, 0.004-0.008). Sixteen patients (16.7%) in tirofiban group and 14 patients (40%) in control group died during hospitalization (P=0.029, OR, 3.333; 95% CI, 1.102-10.088). There was significant difference in mRS 5-6 scores at 90 days between the two groups (P=0.023, OR, 3.055; 95% CI, 1.154-8.088). Howere,there was no difference in mRS 0-1 (P=0.321, OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.396-0.632),mRS 2 (P=0.572, OR, 0.579; 95% CI, 0.043-5.777) or mRS 3 (P=0.225, OR, 0.452; 95% CI, 0.123-1.665) scores between the two groups. There was no difference in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (P=0.29, OR, 3.281; 95% CI, 0.325-33.169) ,asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (P=0.123, OR, 3.517; 95% CI, 0.659-18.782) or systemic bleeding events during hospitalization (P=0.044, OR, 3.235; 95% CI, 1.00-10.469).Conclusions: Low-dose and long-course tirofiban treatment can significantly improve the early neurological function and reduce the in-hospital mortality in LHI patients. It also can improve the quality of life and ability of daily living at 90 days.Meanwhile, tirofiban do not increase the risk of any type of bleeding events.
Single-molecule mid-IR detection through vibrationally-assisted luminescence
Authors: Baumberg Jeremy , Chikkaraddy Rohit , Arul Rakesh , Jakob Lukas
Published: May 2022

Room temperature detection of molecular vibrations in the mid-infrared (MIR, λ=3-30µm) has numerous applications including real-time gas sensing, chemical reactivity, medical imaging, astronomical surveys, and quantum communication [1,2]. However, MIR detection is severely hindered by thermal noise, hence current technologies rely on energy-intensive cooled semiconductor detectors (mercury cadmium telluride, MCT) [3–5]. One way to overcome this challenge is to upconvert the low-energy MIR light into high-energy visible wavelengths (λ=500-800nm) where detection of single photons is easily achieved using silicon technologies [6,7]. This process suffers from weak cross sections and the mismatch between MIR and visible wavelengths, limiting its efficiency. Here, we exploit molecular emitters possessing both MIR and visible transitions from molecular vibrations and electronic states, coupled through Frank–Condon factors. By assembling molecules into a nanoscale cavity and continuously optically pumping them below the electronic absorption band, we show the transduction of MIR light absorbed by the molecular vibrations. The upconverted signal is observed as enhanced high-energy luminescence. Combining Purcell-enhanced visible luminescence with enhanced rates of vibrational pumping gives transduction efficiencies exceeding 10%. By down-scaling the cavity volume below 1nm^3, we show MIR detection of single-molecular bonds, inaccessible to any previous detector.
The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting the pathological response to neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in combination with chemotherapy for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Yang Weixiong , Zhou Qian , Luo Hui , Chen Wenfang , Yeung Sai-Ching Jim , Zhang Shuishen , Gan Yi , Zeng Bo , Liu Zhenguo , Feng Shiting , Zhang Xiangsong , Cheng Chao
Published: May 2022

Purpose Accurate assessment of residual disease of tumor and lymph nodes after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is crucial in the active surveillance for patients with pathological complete response (pCR) and the optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for patients with non-pCR. This post-hoc analysis aimed to evaluate the performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT to predict the pathological response to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods Fifty-eight resectable ESCC patients, received two cycles of camrelizumab in combination with chemotherapy were enrolled in the final analysis. The 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were acquired at baseline (scan-1) and after immunochemotherapy but prior to surgery (scan-2). Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), tumor-to-blood pool SUVmax ratio (SUVTBR), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were evaluated for their association with the pathological response to immunochemotherapy.Results Nineteen patients (32.8%, 19/58) had pCR and thirty-nine patients (67.2%, 39/58) had non-pCR after two doses of camrelizumab and chemotherapy. At scan-2, the SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVTBR, TLG and MTV were significantly lower in pCR than that in non-pCR patients. Decrease in TLG and MTV between scan-2 and scan-1 of the same patient were significantly higher in the pCR than in the non-pCR group. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVTBR, TLG and MTV in scan-2 showed excellent predictive value for the pCR of primary tumors. Furthermore, SUVmax in scan-2 were higher in positive lymph nodes than that in negative ones, suggesting a high negative predictive ability (98.6%) with a cut-off value at 1.4.Conclusion The parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT have the excellent performance for predicting pCR after the combined neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in resectable ESCC.Trial registration: ChiCTR ChiCTR2000028900. Registered 6 January 2020.
A survey on attention mechanisms for medical applications: are we moving towards better algorithms?
Authors: Gonçalves Tiago , Rio-Torto Isabel , Teixeira Luís F. , Cardoso Jaime S.
Published: May 2022

The increasing popularity of attention mechanisms in deep learning algorithms for computer vision and natural language processing made these models attractive to other research domains. In healthcare, there is a strong need for tools that may improve the routines of the clinicians and the patients. Naturally, the use of attention-based algorithms for medical applications occurred smoothly. However, being healthcare a domain that depends on high-stake decisions, the scientific community must ponder if these high-performing algorithms fit the needs of medical applications. With this motto, this paper extensively reviews the use of attention mechanisms in machine learning (including Transformers) for several medical applications. This work distinguishes itself from its predecessors by proposing a critical analysis of the claims and potentialities of attention mechanisms presented in the literature through an experimental case study on medical image classification with three different use cases. These experiments focus on the integrating process of attention mechanisms into established deep learning architectures, the analysis of their predictive power, and a visual assessment of their saliency maps generated by post-hoc explanation methods. This paper concludes with a critical analysis of the claims and potentialities presented in the literature about attention mechanisms and proposes future research lines in medical applications that may benefit from these frameworks.
Combinatorial algorithms guide economic deliberation
Authors: Hong Tao , Stauffer William
Published: May 2022

Economic deliberations often require sophisticated analysis, but the behavioral algorithms and neurobiological mechanisms for complex deliberations remain unknown. We asked nonhuman primates (NHPs) to select optimal, or suboptimal, item subsets in a modified optimization problem. Surprisingly, the NHP behavior reflected computational algorithms – some that rely on combinatorial reasoning – and the deliberation times reflected the number of operations the best-matching algorithms used. Artificial neural networks revealed that constructing combinatorial solutions required greater computational resources than their greedy counterparts. These results provide mechanistic insights into the sophisticated reasoning skills that support economic deliberation.
Fine mapping of a reduced height gene Rht22 in Jianyangailanmai (Ttiticum turgidum L., 2n=4x=28, AABB)
Authors: Wang Chao , Bao Yunjing , Yao Qin , Long Dan , Xiao Xue , Fan Xing , Kang Houyang , Zeng Jian , Sha Lina , Zhang Haiqin , Wu Dandan , Zhou Yonghong , Zhou Qiang , Wang Yi , Cheng Yiran
Published: May 2022

As the valuable germplasm resources of wheat genetic improvement, tetraploid wheat has several reduced height (Rht) genes that reduced plant height and enhanced harvest index. Rht22 discovered from Jianyangailanmai (JAM, Ttiticum turgidum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB), significantly increases in spikelet number per spike, while its accurate position was still unknown. In this study, a high-density genetic map was constructed by specific-length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) in F7 RIL_DJ population derived from a cross between dwarf Polish wheat (DPW, Ttiticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) and JAM. Two plant height loci, Qph.sicau-4B and Qph.sicau-7A, were mapped on 4BS and 7AS, respectively. Qph.sicau-7A on 7AS with the interval of 0.33-4.46Mb was recommended as the candidate region of Rht22. Fine mapping confirmed and narrowed Rht22 on 7AS between xbag295.s53 and xb295.191 in three different populations. The physical region ranged from 0.53 to 1.48 Mb and included 18 candidate genes. Transcriptome analysis of two pairs of NILs found 135 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with semi-dwarfism. Out of 135 DEGs, 83 annotated DEGs participated in hormones synthesis and signal transduction, cell wall composition, DNA replication, microtubules and phragmoplast arrays were significant down-regulation in semi-dwarf line. Thus, Rht22 disturbs these processes to impair the cell proliferation, and then reduces cell number of internode to cause semi-dwarfism in JAM.
Selection pressure dominates the use of synonymous codons in genes linked to epilepsy
Authors: Chaudhary Kaustubh Pramod , Sophiarani Yengkhom , Nath Anupam , Tiwari Rahul , Bordoloi Hemashree , Gupta Suruchi , Hanjabam Joykishan Sharma , Singh Ashish , Malakar Arup Kumar , Paul Prosenjit
Published: May 2022

Bioinformatic approaches were utilized to investigate the pattern of codon usage in 109 epilepsy-related genes. The genes were found to be rich in G and C nucleotides, with GC usage 7% higher than AT. Preferred codon analysis confirmed the dominance of G and C at the wobble position of codons. CAG is the most frequently used codon. The ENc analysis, on the other hand, did not reveal any exceptional codon usage bias. Correlation of GC content at the first and second codon positions with the third codon position (neutrality plot) suggested the impact of selection pressure in shaping the GC enriched compositional pattern observed in epilepsy-related genes. It was further confirmed by correspondence analysis. Altogether, our findings imply that the pattern of evolutionary processes (especially selection pressure) operating on epilepsy-related genes, might aid in the development of novel therapies.
Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Cardiopulmonary Fitness with High Risk Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Choi Seok Yeon , Kim Ji Hee
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTo compare the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on the degree of improvement in cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF) in patients at high risk of myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsPatients commissioned for cardiac rehabilitation between January 2016 and December 2020 were screened for risk stratification based on the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation guidelines. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent both an initial and 3 months after the onset exercise tolerance test (ETT). During this period, 42 subjects were included of which 26 underwent at least one CR program and 16 did not. The results of CPF improvement were measured as VO2 peak, VEpeak, and METs values derived through ETT.ResultsPrior to ETT, all demographic features, including ejection fraction, showed no significant differences between the two groups. The initial CPF values were the same. However, after three months, the VO2 peak and MET values showed significant differences between the two groups. Contrary to our expectations, the VEpeak did not show the same results; however, when compared within each group, the CR participants showed a significant change, whereas the CR non-participants did not, suggesting that CR affects VE peak enhancement. Additionally, exercise time differed significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsCPF values and exercise time increased significantly after 3 months in CR participants. Although the VEpeak showed no significant change between the two groups, the CR participants showed a significant increase after three months, whereas the CR non-participants did not.
Prognostic models for short-term annual risk of severe acute complications and mortality in patients living with type 2 diabetes using a national medical claim database
Authors: Vimont Alexandre , Béliard Sophie , Valéro René , Leleu Henri , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePrognostic models in patients living with diabetes allow physicians to estimate individual risk based on medical records and biological results. Clinical risk factors are not always all available to evaluate these models so that they may be complemented with models from claims databases. The objective of this study was to develop, validate and compare models predicting the annual risk of acute severe complications and mortality in patients living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from a national claims data.Research design and methodsAdult patients with T2D were identified in a national medical claims database through their history of treatments or hospitalizations. Prognostic models were developed using logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) and neural network (NN) to predict annual risk of outcome: (1) severe acute cardiovascular (CV) complications, (2) other severe acute T2D-related complications, and (3) all-cause mortality. Risk factors included demographics, comorbidities, the adjusted Diabetes Severity and Comorbidity Index (aDSCI) and diabetes medications. Model performance was assessed using discrimination (C-statistics), balanced accuracy, sensibility and specificity.ResultsA total of 22,708 patients with T2D were identified, with mean age of 68 years and average duration of T2D of 9.7 years. Age, aDSCI, disease duration, diabetes medications and chronic cardiovascular disease were the most important predictors for all outcomes. Discrimination with C-statistic ranged from 0.715 to 0.786 for severe acute CV complications, from 0.670 to 0.847 for other severe complications and from 0.814 to 0.860 for all-cause mortality, with RF having consistently the highest discrimination.ConclusionThe proposed models reliably predict acute severe complications and mortality in patients with T2D, without requiring medical records or biological measures. These predictions could be used by payers to alert primary care providers and high-risk patients living with T2D.
MVDroid: an Android malicious VPN detector using neural networks
Authors: Seraj Saeed , Khodambashi Siavash , Pavlidis Michalis , Polatidis Nikolaos
Published: May 2022

When it comes to protecting our privacy, most Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) fail. Many of the popular VPNs are not safe to use specially if we are using a VPN to protect our privacy online. VPNs can look perfect on the surface, yet still be an absolute privacy and security disaster when we take a closer look. Some VPNs will infect our computer with malware, install hidden tracking libraries on our devices, steal private information, leave our data exposed to third parties, and even steal our bandwidth. In general, we should be cautious when downloading any VPN app on our mobile device. Hence, there is a need for detection of malicious VPNs before installing them on our Android mobile device. This article delivers a dataset of Android VPNs, including malicious or benign, and an optimized multi-layer perceptron neural network for detecting VPNs infected by malwares based on the permissions of the apps. Experimental results show that the pro[1]posed methodology is both practical and effective while it out performs other standard classifiers in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall.
Manipulating coordination geometry dependent electron coupling for
high-current-density electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Hu Feng , Yin Lijie , Li Linlin , Chang Yu-Ming , Chen Han-Yi , Peng Shengjie
Published: May 2022

Understanding the structure-activity relationship between the coordination geometry of metal sites and electron structure is a crucial pathway to analyze the activity origin of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution (OER). Herein, we report a conceptual advance, which presents the correlation between coordination geometry distortion of active sites and effect of oxygen atom mediated electron interactions on OER. Ni2+ ions are introduced into FeWO4 on Ni foam via self-substitution to form Fe–O–Ni unity and manipulate the coordination geometry as well as d-electron of the Fe sites. Structural regulation optimizes the adsorption energy of OER intermediates on the Fe sites. Fe0.53Ni0.47WO4/NF with the optimized coordination geometry can achieve an ultra-low overpotential of 203 mV@100 mA cm− 2 and 240 mV@1000 mA cm− 2 with robust stability for 500 hours in alkaline conditions. The research develops novel electrocatalysts with impressive OER performance and provides new insights into the design of highly active catalytic systems.
Development and Validation of the Ayurvedic Nutritional Assessment Scale
Authors: Mukta  , Harti Shivakumar
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe bodies as well as the diseases are formed by the food; happiness and misery are dependent on the wholesome and unwholesome foods and hence an adequate nutritional level is an essential pillar for the well being. Before prescribing any form of dietary or lifestyle changes it is essential to understand the condition and requirement of the person, hence an assessment beforehand helps in better prescription. The aim of the current study was to develop and validate a nutritional assessment scale , with an applicability in Ayurvedic facilities for research and clinical practice.MATERIALS AND METHODS The development and validation of the Ayurvedic nutritional assessment scale was done in 3 phases. First phase included literature review for item selection and consensus with experts, second phase tool development and validation and final phase the empirical evaluation was done in which the tool was applied in the field trial. RESULTS Total items in the questionnaire were 74 , the scale was found valid in content validity and construct validity and reliable for internal consistency
Energy storage performance of nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide/co-doped polyaniline nanocomposites
Authors: Altınışık Hasan , Getiren Bengü , Çıplak Zafer , Soysal Furkan , Yildiz Nuray
Published: May 2022

The design and exploration of carbon-based electrode materials have become highly significant for developing supercapacitor technology, which has attracted considerable attention in energy storage systems. Here, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) – Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile two-step method in which in situ polymerization of aniline monomer was performed on hydrothermally synthesized N-rGO nanosheets in DBSA and H2SO4 medium for co-doping of PANI chains. The effects of acid concentrations (DBSA:H2SO4 0.5 − 0.25:1 n/n) and N-rGO:aniline ratio (N-rGO:aniline 1:4–10 m/m) used in the preparation of the electrode material on the capacitive properties were investigated. It is found that the co-doped N-rGO-PANI nanocomposites exhibit a high specific capacitance of 346.3 Fg− 1 at 1 Ag− 1, remarkable rate capacity (99.9%, 1–10 Ag− 1) and excellent cycling stability at 5 Ag− 1 (81.3%, 5000 cycles) in a two-electrode system. As a result, constructing co-doped PANI chains and N-doped rGO provided a viable and simple way to improve the capacitive performances of supercapacitors.
Functional Subsets of Plasma Cells Associated with Amyloid Production and Venetoclax Sensitivity in Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Wang Xuezhu , Han Hongxiao , Sun Jian , Wang Qi , Gao Xue-min , Shen Kai-ni , Zhang Lu , Zhao Yushan , Cao Xin-xin , Qian Minping , Chen Yang , Li Jian
Published: May 2022

Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is characterised by a systematic deposition of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains produced by pathogenic bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs), the features of which remain elusive. Herein, we conducted a single-cell RNA-seq and image flow cytometry analysis of BMPCs in AL in comparison with those in healthy controls and their precursors: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). We identified seven BMPC subsets with overlapping but distinct functions such as DNA repair, cell proliferation, osteoclast differentiation, chromatin organisation, and immunoglobulin production. The subsets enriched in AL overexpressed amyloid-beta binding protein-encoding genes, such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) and cystatin 3 (CST3), and exhibited plasmablastic morphology. The subsets related to aberrant light-chain production in AL upregulated pathways of neutrophil degranulation and transportation to as well as modifications in the Golgi apparatus, especially that of N-linked protein glycosylation. The predominant subset was most susceptible to glucocorticoid and proteasome inhibitors and highly expressed venetoclax sensitivity-associated genes in t(11;14) AL. We further validated a patient subgroup featuring a larger proportion of the predominant subset and a higher expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and venetoclax sensitivity-associated genes. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the functional heterogeneity of BMPCs in AL.
Isotretinoin treatment upregulates the expression of p53 in the skin and sebaceous glands of patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Agamia Naglaa F. , Mulla K. F. El , Elsayed N. , Ghazala R. A. , Maksoud R. Abdel El , Elmonem E. Abdel , Talat E. , Zaki I. I. , Sabah R. , Melnik B. C.
Published: May 2022

The transcriptomic regulation induced by isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) is still a matter of debate as short-term exposures of immortalized sebocytes with isotretinoin produced conflicting results. Based on translational evidence, it has been hypothesized that oral isotretinoin treatment upregulates the expression of the transcription factor p53. Twenty-five patients suffering from acne vulgaris were treated with isotretinoin (0.6 mg/kg body weight) for 6 weeks. Biopsies from back skin were taken before and after isotretinoin treatment for the determination of p53 expression by immunohistochemical staining, quantification of p53 protein concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and TP53 gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription real time PCR. Fifteen socio-demographically cross-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Isotretinoin treatment significantly increased the nuclear expression of p53 in sebaceous glands of treated patients compared to pre-treatment levels and p53 levels of untreated controls. Furthermore, the p53 protein and gene expression significantly increased in the skin after treatment. The magnitude of p53 expression showed an inverse correlation to acne severity score and body mass index. Under clinical conditions, isotretinoin induced the expression of p53, which controls multiple transcription factors involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris including FoxO1, androgen receptor and critical genes involved in the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Increased p53-FoxO1 signalling enhanced by systemic isotretinoin treatment explains the underlying transcriptomic changes causing sebum suppression but also the adverse effects associated with systemic isotretinoin therapy.
Development and characterization of EST-SSR markers in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa based on transcriptome
Authors: Sun Lina , Li Jinhua , Sun Kaidao , Wang Huaxin , Yang Kaitai , Chen Qi , Lin Mao
Published: May 2022

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk is a flowering evergreen plant with traditional medicine and ornamental usages. This study aimed to develop a set of EST-SSRs markers for genetic diversity analysis of R. tomentosa. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to obtain the expressed sequence tags in different plant tissues. A total of 51,486 unigenes with a mean length of 1,173 bp were achieved. 18,879 SSRs were identified in 14,132 unigenes, in which 3,541 unigenes contained more than one SSR. The top three SSR repeat types were mononucleotide (8,126, 43.04%), dinucleotide (5,846, 31.06%) and trinucleotide (4,610, 24.42%). The most abundance motifs were A/T (7,816, 41.40%), followed by AG/CT (5,002, 26.50%) and AAG/CTT (934, 4.95%). Of these SSRs, 11,726 SSRs were eligible for designing of flanking primers. Among the 100 randomly selected primers, 50 primers generated corresponding PCR products, whereas 23 primers were polymorphic. Thirteen primers with good reproducibility were used to characterize the genetic relationship of sixteen natural R. tomentosa plants. The mean value of observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), fixation index (Fst), and Shannon information index (I) were 0.240, 0.414, 0.413, and 0.641, respectively. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages) dendrogram divided the sixteen R. tomentosa plants into five groups, which were able to distinguish the plants according to geographical origin. This study presented a set of EST-SSRs that could be useful for population genetic relationship analysis in R. tomentosa.
Gender differences in social-demographic factors associated with prefrailty in Japanese rural community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Shibata Aki , Suzuki Asuka , Takahashi Kenzo
Published: May 2022

Frailty in older adults is an important health issue. To prevent frailty, it is necessary to focus on prefrailty and consider preventive interventions that incorporate social aspects. This study investigated factors affecting prefrailty, focusing on social aspects.A self-administered survey was conducted among residents aged ≥65 years in Japan. The survey assessed basic attributes, physical factors, mental factors, and social factors. The Kihon Checklist (KCL) was used to assess prefrailty. KCL scores were used to categorize participants into a prefrailty group and a healthy group. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between prefrailty and scores for each gender. Social factors significantly associated with prefrailty for women were social participation in middle age (odds ratio: 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–5.05, p=0.031) and having friends who listen to one’s concerns (odds ratio: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.03–5.32, p=0.043). However, no association with social factors was found for men.This study showed that interventionable social factors that affected prefrailty in women were community involvement and being able to share concerns with friends. The findings suggest the need for support that emphasizes social aspects to prevent prefrailty. However, further research on social factors among men is warranted.
Effect of gastric background mucosal status on the invasiveness of undifferentiated early gastric cancer and the role of the glucocholesterol glycoside-a multicenter study
Authors: Jiang Zhang-Xiu , Liang Yun-Xiao , Deng wei , Ning Jia-Juan , Qin yue-qiu , Qi Jing-Jing , Yan yu-dong , Li hong
Published: May 2022

Background：Undifferentiated early gastric cancer in different patients can show a completely different type of biological behavior. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of a Helicobacter pylori infection in the gastric mucosa on the biological behavior of undifferentiated early gastric cancer and to provide ideas for the selection of treatment and the control of its occurrence and development.Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients suspected of undifferentiated early gastric cancer who underwent gastroscopy in several hospitals in Guangxi from 2018 to 2020 were included in succession.Results: A total of 61 cases of undifferentiated early gastric cancer, 41 cases of H. pylori from the related gastric cancer group (including 16 cases of H. pylori infection and 25 cases of previous infection), 20 cases from the H. pylori negative group (control group). The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, lymph node metastasis rate, and the glucocholesterol glycoside from the H. pylori related gastric cancer group were higher than those from the control group.Conclusion: H. pylori can inhibit T cell immunity through the glucocholesterol glycoside and promote the development and metastasis of undifferentiated early gastric cancer.
Effect of duration of culture period on the agar yield and gel strength of Gracilaria dura C. Agardh (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) at Saurashtra coast, Gujarat, India
Authors: Kavale Monica Gajanan , Meena Ramavatar , Veeragurunathan V. , Persis M
Published: May 2022

Gracilaria dura J. Agardh is a promising source of agar and agarose and have potential for commercial farming in India. Due to moderate to strong wave action along the west coast of India, the tube-net and floating monoline methods are recommended for commercial cultivation of G. dura. In order to optimized the culture period, for augmented biomass production and better quality of agar, G. dura was cultivated by floating monoline method with different culture period such as 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 days cycle− 1 during December, 2018 to April, 2020. It was observed that the Daily Growth Rate (DGR), progressively decreased with increase in the duration of culture period. Among the culture period analyzed, the highest DGR (8.47 ± 2.29%) and biomass yield (233.3 ± 82.48 g.fr.wt m− 1) was observed at 15 and 35 days culture period respectively. Both biomass yield and DGR significantly (p < 0.05) varied between growth period tested. Higher agar yield (34.5 ± 0.71%) and gel strength (1606.5 ± 27.58 g cm− 2) was recorded at 35 days and 25 days culture period respectively. However, gel strength did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) between different culture periods and agar yield, whereas the ash content was varied significantly (p > 0.05) between different culture period. Minimal culture period maintained the vegetative phase of G. dura and reducing the maturity (i.e. sporulation phase) which resulted higher biomass yield and DGR. Harvests cycle also reduced while increasing culture period. Therefore, the culture period of 25–35 days was found ideal for commercial farming of G. dura along the Saurashtra coast, India.
Comprehensive treatment of diaphragm localized malignant mesothelioma and follow-up for five years—a case report and literature review.
Authors: Chen Qiu-lin
Published: May 2022

Background: Primary tumors of the diaphragm are rare,especially for the malignant mesothelioma.There is no case report of this kind of disease followed up for more than five years after surgical treatment in the world. Case presentation:A patient presented with repeated chest tightness and shortness of breath for one year. A crescent shadow of the posterior costal diaphragm area with clear margin and obvious enhancement and higher signs of iodine photography was found on computed tomography.This patient was diagnosed by VATS(TV-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery) and open thoracotomy surgery. After regular chemotherapy and 5 years of follow-up, the patient was in good condition and had no evidence of recurrence. Conclusions: This case report can improve the awareness of the extremely rare diseases of malignant mesothelioma of the diaphragm. Early surgery combined with regular postoperative chemotherapy may give patients a good prognosis.
Assessment of health service providers’ perception on safe abortion care in Kimbibit District, North Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Zike Terefe Tadesse , Tesfahun Esubalew , Mamo Tadesse , Asrat Habtamu
Published: May 2022

Background: Abortion is termination of pregnancy before fetal viability. The induced abortion may be safe or unsafe abortion. In the worldwide about 22 million of unsafe abortion is occurring yearly. From this 98% is occurring in developing countries. In Ethiopia about 30% of maternal death was related to unsafe abortion. So assessing the health provides’ perception on safe abortion is important for setting interventions to reduce the proportion of unsafe abortion.Objective: To assess health service providers’ perception on safe abortion care in Kimbibit District, North Shoa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021.Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March25-April 5/2021. Two hundred eighty six health care providers included in the study. Data were collected using structured pretested questioner. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors’ of health providers’ perception on safe abortion. Adjusted odds ratio and its 95% CI were used to measure the strength of statistical association and its significance respectively. Significant association was declared at p-value less than 0.05. Result: A total 286 health care providers participate in the study. About 53.8% of the participants had favorable perception. Those respondents who are male (AOR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.91), those in age group of 43-49 years (AOR=3.54; 95% CI: 1.00, 12.51), those who were married (AOR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.20, 3.76), those who had high attitude (AOR=5.58; 95% CI: 3.25, 9.59) were more likely had favorable perception toward safe abortion. Conclusion: Health providers’ perception on safe abortion was unfavorable. According to this study, Sex, age, marital status, attitude of respondents were determinant factors for perception of health care provider toward safe abortion. Therefore to increase favorable perception of health care provider toward safe abortion on job training should be given.
Measuring variation in vertical ground reaction force for football boot midsoles, playing surfaces and football specific movements
Authors: KESHVARI Bahador , Mitternacht Juergen , Senner Veit
Published: May 2022

Excessive repetitive impacts in football are linked to chronic and non-contact injuries. Number of factors (extrinsic and intrinsic) play roles on such injuries. Purpose: Our study aimed to investigate the effect of midsoles, surfaces and specific football movements on peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF). Materials and Methods: The studs of two football boots, artificial turf boots (ATB) and natural grass boots (NGB), used in this study were removed, after which the soles were smoothed and covered with abrasive paper. 17 male subjects 26 (±6) years old, 181(±7) cm, 79 (±11) kg performed two specific football movements (cutting 135° and penalty kick) on artificial turf (AT) and natural grass (NG) with ATB and NGB. The cushioning characteristics of the two football boots and resilience modulus of the two surfaces NG and AT were measured with an impactor machine and light falling weight deflectometer. Results: Peak VGRF was measured with insole measurement system for all possible conditions. Our findings determined that the ATB (softer midsole) generates greater VGRF (2.25BW) than the NGB (1.95BW) – an increase of 15%. In terms of the surface, the AT with higher resilience modulus results in higher VGRF. Moreover, the peak VGRF of the cutting movement (2.28BW) differed significantly compared to the penalty kick (1.99BW). Conclusion: Our results indicate that in boot-surface interaction, the effect of midsole boot cushioning on VGRF is more tangible than surface resilience. However, this study motivates boot developers to design a football boot based on all three variables: midsole hardness, movements and surface hardness.
One same initiating molecule and two divided downstream pathways? — Mechanism of aluminum-induced programmed neural cell necrosis
Authors: Hao Yan-xia , zhang Jin-tao , Zhang Jing-si , Li Huan , He Chan-ting , zhang Shu-hui , Wang Shan , Zhou Yue , Niu Qiao
Published: May 2022

Objective
The research is to elucidate the mechanism of programmed neuronal necrosis induced by aluminum exposure. The mechanism of programmed neuronal cell necrosis caused by aluminum exposure is due to the key death proteins RIP1, RIP3, MLKL and CaMKⅡ in vivo and vitro experiments.
Methods
In vivo study, mice were intraperitoneally injected with freshly prepared maltol aluminum for two months to establish aluminum-induced cognitive impairment model. The key death related proteins were measured by Western blot and the relationships between those proteins were detected by IP. LDH release was used to show the cell death, and ROS indicated the damage of brain. In Al-exposed SH-SY5Y cells, GSK'872 was interfered to observe the expression of key death related proteins by WB and IP, as well as PI dyeing. Besides, NSA and KN-93 were administered to detect the LDH release and ROS change, including mitochondrial membrane potential variation in the Al-exposed cells.
Results
Expression of RIP1, RIP3, MLKL and CaMKⅡ proteins were increased in vivo and vitro study after aluminum exposure. Inhibition of RIP3, MLKL and CaMKⅡ protein expression could reduce PI stained cells and LDH release. ROS declined after administration of GSK'872 and NSA in Al-exposed cells, while mitochondrial membrane potential elevated after intervention of KN-93 in Al-exposed cells with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential.
Conclusion
Programmed neuronal necrosis was one of the main causes though that aluminum lead to neuron reduction. The signal pathways involved in programmed necrosis were RIP1-RIP3-MLKL and RIP1-RIP3-CaMKⅡ pathways, one same initiating molecule – RIP1, two downstream pathways: RIP3-MLKL pathway and RIP3-CaMKII pathway.