bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Blood Lipoproteins, Inflammation Response and Tissue Damage After a Single Bout of Exhaustive Exercise
Authors: LIU Chieh Chung , CHUANG Jui Kun , LIN Chun Hong , TSAI Pu Hsi , LEE Jun Yen , LIU Yi Jiuan , HSIEH City C.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects on plasma lipoproteins, inflammation response and tissue-­damage markers level during their recovery following exhaustive run. These biochemical concentrations were measured before 30 min, immediately after, and 30 min, 1hr, 2hr, 24hr, 48hr, 72hr after an exhaustive run on treadmill in 15 health male subjects with 80%VO2max intensity. The result of one-way ANOVA with measure repeated analysis indicated that there were no significant changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol post run, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was remain significant elevated (by 18%) until 2hr post run. The inflammatory marker of C-reactive protein level was significant elevated (by 42%) immediately and returned to baseline post 0.5hr. The neutrophils ratio remain significant increased (by 51%) during 0.5hr until 2hr and returned to baseline post 24hr. The tissue-damage markers were remain elevated by 23% immediately until 2hr in lactate dehydrogenase and only reach to peak (by 108%) significantly post 24hr in creatine kinase. It is concluded that an exhaustive exercise could induce the delay-onset damage and transient inflammatory response in tissue, and have enough rest or suitable antioxidant supplements for recovery.
目的：本研究旨在探討單次衰竭運動後恢復期對於血脂蛋白濃度變化與發炎損傷指標之影響。方法：受試者為15名健康男性(年齡22.8 ± 0.89歲，體重67. ± 1.81公斤)，以高強度(80%VO2max)的固定負荷運動至衰竭，並於運動前30分鐘、運動後立即、0.5hr、lhr、2hr、24hr、48hr、72hr等時間點靜脈採血進行生化值分析。結果：以單因子相依樣本變異數分析顯示，低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C)在運動後均無明顯變化；而高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high den­sity lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C)則在衰竭運動後2hr明顯持續增加約18.3% (p < .05)；發炎指標：C-反應蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)於衰竭後立即顯著上升約42%，隨即0.5hr後恢復。嗜中性球比例(neutrophils, net-s%)在運動後0.5hr至2hr持續增加約51%，於24hr之後恢復。組織損傷情形，乳酸脱氫酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)活性在衰竭後立即至2hr期間顯著增加約23%，而肌酸激酶(creatine kinase, CK)活性則在24hr後才明顯增加約108%的峰值反應。結論：本研究血脂蛋白與發炎、損傷等生化反應結果，意味著單次衰竭運動後可能誘發體內組織的延遲性損傷與組織的短暫發炎反應，需要有足夠的休息時間或運用適當的抗氧化增補劑來進行運動恢復。
Intensity Analysis for Teenage Indoor Tug-of-War
Authors: CHIOU Ting Shiuan , YANG Ming Ta , CHAN Kuei Hui
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

The purpose of this study was to collect heart rates of subjects by the polar team system heart rate monitor during the championship finals (3 rounds). Eight junior high school indoor tug-of-war athletes participated in the study. The percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR) was calculated. During the competitions, the lowest heart rate of subjects were 34.5±6.4%HRR ~ 50.8±7.0%HRR. The highest heart rate of subjects were 66.7±6.5%HRR ~ 87.1±6.3%HRR and presented at the last stage of games for a few seconds. In conclusion, when teenage indoor tug-of-war player face contender of the weakness level, their intensity is 52.7±13.4 %HRR. Moreover, when they face contender the same level, their intensity is 72.7 ~ 13.1%HRR.

本研究以8位青少年室內八人制拔河選手為對象，並利用心跳監控器於正式拔河錦標賽決賽中，收集受測者與3場對手比賽時 的全程心跳率，並將心跳率數值換算為儲備心跳率百分比，以評估拔河比賽的運動強度。結果發現，比賽期間受試者最低心跳率介於34.5±6.4 ~ 50.8±7.0%HRR，最高心跳率介於66.7±6.5 ~ 87.1±6.3%HRR，受試者之最高心跳率出現於比賽最後階段且只維持數秒鐘。本研究結果顯示，青少年室內八人制拔河比賽在面對較弱的對手時之運動強度為52.7±13.4%HRR，而對上實力相當的對手時則為72.7±13.1%HRR。
Current Situation and Prospect of Inclusive Physical Education in Mainland China
Authors: LI C.X. , SAM K.L.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Methodologies such as literature, investigation, and logic analysis were employed in order to examine the developmental status and challenges of inclusive physical education in mainland China. The result indicated that short history of legislations and polices for inclusive physical education, the passage of “Learning in Regular Classroom” led to the revolution of current structure of instructional placement for students with disabilities, and then bring with the possibility of inclusive physical education. The current structure of instructional placement for students with disabilities shows the concurrence of three states (A, B and C, see Figure 1) which provide some students with special needs to stay at the special schools rather than putting all of them at regular educational settings without support. The philosophy of inclusion is not only including students with disabilities into the regular classroom, but also preparing the supporting services. Placement with supporting service is, however, a big challenge that confronts inclusive physical education in mainland China, supporting service such as lack of a large number of qualified adapted physical teachers, pressing needs to construct inclusive and social or personnel circumstance to include people with disabilities, and adapted physical education programming are not well prepared. At the end of this article, suggestions for conquering these challenges were also provided.
本文運用文獻法，調查法等研究方法，目的在於探討大陸體育融合教育的發展現狀以及對策。結果發現，大陸融合體育教育立法或政策的歷史並不悠久，“隨班就讀”政策的提出改變了教育體系的架構，為融合體育教育的執行提供了可能。目前對於特殊學生的安置體系共有三種方式(即Ａ，Ｂ和Ｃ，參見圖1)。融合體育教育的精髓在於為得到安置的特殊需要學生提供支援，然而這也是目前大陸融合體育教育所面臨的主要挑戰。這些挑戰包括師資數量不足，個人及社會尚未形成良好的對殘疾人的接納態度，以及融合體育課程尚不夠完備。文章的最後提出了應對挑戰的建議。
Urban Public School Principals' Perception about Physical Education (PE) and Self-Evaluation on Their PE Programs - from New York City, USA
Authors: Zeng Howard Z.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Physical activities in school PE programs have been recognized as ideal paths and environments for developing a healthy lifestyle. Researchers have indicated that principals at all school levels (K-12) would be the critical players in the reform efforts for physical activities and improve their PE programs. This study examined 46 principals’ PE perception. The Principal’s perception of Physical Education Questionnaire and the Self-Evaluation Tool for School Physical Education Program were employed for this survey. Finding included (a) the top three statements that strongly structured the principals’ PE perception were Item 2 (We can activate and foster the physical activity skills children need through our school physical education programs), 11 (Once physical education and daily physical activities are valued and supported, children will gradually form their active and healthy lifestyle.”, and item 1 (Physical education plays a vital role in our school curricula). Regarding self-evaluation for their school PE Program, the principals indicated that their school PE programs were not well-established; some particular areas were far from satisfaction. The relationship between the principals’ PE perception and selfevaluations on their schools’ PE program exists with some correlations stronger than others.
身體活動是學校體育課程中已被確認為發展健康的生活方式的理想途徑和環境。研究表示，提高學校體育課程的品質中，各級學校的校長(從小學到高中)將是關鍵的人物。本研究搜集了46名校長的體育看法。調查問卷是：校長對體育的看法調查問卷和學校體育教育計畫的自我評估量表。本調查發現：校長對體育認知的前三項構成最強烈的影響：分別為：我們可以啟動並促進兒童需要的身體活動技能通過我們的學校體育教育計畫；身體教育和日常身體活動得到重視和支持，孩子們就會逐步形成自己的積極和健康的生活方式；在我們的學校課程中，體育教育起著至關重要的作用。關於他們對自己學校的體育課程的自我評價，校長們表示，他們的學校體育教育計畫尚未很好地建立起來，在一些特定的領域仍未得到校長們的滿意。
Why Teach PE? Factors that Affect Students' Decisions to Teach Physical Education Revisited
Authors: McGAHA Patrick , BARNEY David
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

Many times a child will be asked, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” The answers are varied, yet their responses usually reflect what their parents employ may be. For this study, factors were investigated that have an effect on college student’s decision to become a physical education. For this study it was found that former physical education and coaches were the most influential people affecting college student’s decision to become physical education teachers, not parents. It was also found that many of these college student’s were actively involved in high school athletics, thus also affecting their decision to become a physical education teacher. The results from this study can serve PETE faculty to capitalize on their PETE student’s excitement to teach physical education.

本文旨在探索影響體育師範學生教學的決定因素，包括有師範學生的前體育老師及運動教練。
Comparison of Response to the Eastern and Western Instruments on Transformational and Transactional Leadership
Authors: HUNG Ying Hua , CRAVEN Annette E. , KUO Chin Tsai , LIN Suh Ting
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

The pur pose of this study was to compare the responses of Eastern and Western instr uments toward the transformational and transactional leadership. A quantitative survey and qualitative interview was used in this study. The participants included 57 directors, 285 followers, and 6 interviewees from Taiwanese universities. The results showed the transformational leadership had a significant positive correlation (rs = .81, p < .01) between the MLQ-5X (rater form) and the TFLQ. Transactional leadership also had a significant positive correlation (rs = .47, p < .01) between the MLQ-5X and the TSLQ. The summarized conclusions were the following: First, similar results indicated that both the MLQ-5X and the TFLQ/TSLQ were effective in the Taiwanese environment. Second, same leadership concepts may have contained specific thoughts, beliefs, understandings, or behaviors in one culture but not another; however, the concepts of transformational leadership may seem similar in different cultures but may be expressed differently.

轉型領導與交易領導行為是一種全球化的概念，但在不同的文化背景下，或許會有不同的詮釋。本研究採用西方學者所創立的「多元領導行為」問卷(MLQ-5X)，以及台灣學者所創立的本土化的「多元領導行為」問卷(TFLQ與TSLQ)，透過量化的問卷調查與質性的訪談研究，探討台灣地區大專院校體育室主任的領導行為。研究結果顯示，不同的東西方轉型領導與交易領導問卷研究結果具有一致性。
Analysis of Sports Participation and Crime in Hong Kong
Authors: KONG T. Y. , LO Roger K. , LOUIE Lobo , CHEUNG Siu Yin
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of aggregate sports participation and the overall crime in Hong Kong. Data of sports participation and the number of crimes from the year 2001 to 2015 were used in this study. Poisson regression models in level and in one-lagged period by maximum likelihood were used to explore the relationship between sports participation and crime in Hong Kong. The findings proved that higher sports participation of citizens would lower the overall crime in the city. This linkage also existed for young persons. The results of this study brought practical implications on the future planning of sports policy. The Hong Kong government played an important role in providing sports and recreation opportunities for the citizens. Recently, there was rising discontent towards the political power in the city, especially from the younger generation. It was hopeful that sports activities could be a medium to relief the grievance of young people and build up a stronger social cohesion. School sports might be a ready-made panacea for the current situation. Therefore, it suggested that more school sports opportunities should be provided to the younger generation.
Effects of CCA Participation during Examination Stand-down Period on Examination Results – A School Cross-country Team Experience
Authors: QUEK Steven Chin Hwee
Published: March 2021

It is a common practice in schools in Singapore to implement CCA stand-down period of about four weeks prior to the examination to allow students to focus on their revision. This study attempted to investigate the effects of a school sports team’s participation in CCA training during the stand-down period on their exams results. A school cross country team where the author taught was selected for the study. It was found that students who continued to train three times a week for four weeks prior to the examinations did not perform any worse in their examination results. Instead students in the team who opted to stand-down, like the rest of the school population, actually performed worse. The athletes who were training were very focused as they felt that time was a premium. They also started work in advance and adopted a more consistent approach to their work. Having training also made these students rest better and gave them a break to recharge and freshen up. Overall, having a goal helps them stay energised and focused. With the necessary guidance and facilitation, juggling CCA and examination can be a valuable learning opportunity for students, making them the holistic students that the CCA programme aims to achieve.
Drills or Plays: Some Social Implications in PE Pedagogy
Authors: WONG Arthur Chi Tak
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Personal observations and evaluation reports on teaching practice suggest that PE teachers attending training at the Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIEd) tend to "over teach" in the sense that they talk too much and put too much emphasis on scientific details such as the mechanical properties of a movement. As more time was spent on explanation and other phases of teaching, learning through play in the applying phase was reduced. Observations also indicated that PE teachers tended to use drills rather than plays or modified games to allow pupils to acquire the criteria performance. A study of 250 lesson plans written by 24 students of an Advanced Certificate of Teacher Education (ACTE) course and 30 students of a Teacher Certificate (TC) course in the HKIEd has also revealed the same tendency. Evidence indicates that the mean time allocation for the applying phase shown by these students is lower than that suggested by textbooks/documents in pedagogy (approximately 50%). "Over teaching" in the above sense may be a socio-political measure in response to the academic movement of our discipline. Drills, which in general facilitate skill refinement, neglect the interest of different ability groups and the two sexes.根據個人觀察及學生實習教學評估報告所得，香港教育學院體育系學生在實習教學時，一般傾向於「過度講授」，在學習前期花太多時間於某些運動科學知識上(例如某些技巧的力學原理)，由於教學上用於講解及其他環節佔用了大部分時間，「技術應用」的機會相應減少。觀察所得亦同時指出，學生在實習教學時亦較喜歡用「操演」的形式，多於讓學生透過實演或模擬遊戲去鞏固有關技術。作者分析24名資深教育証書課程(ACTE)及30名二年制教師証書課程(TC)學生所寫的250份教案，發現學生在課堂上編配予「技術應用」這一環節的時間比率，較一般體育教學文獻所建議的爲低(約課堂時間的50%)。「過度講授」可能是體育界對體育學術化的反響。「操演」有利於技巧的提升，但是忽略了不同技術能力組別及男女之間的興趣差異。
A New Trend in Clinical Exercise Physiology - Exercise in End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: LEUNG Raymond W. M.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Research in exercise physiology achieved significant progresses in the past two decades. Clinical exercise physiology is a branch of exercise physiology in its proliferation phase. Research in clinical exercise physiology requires the collaboration between exercise physiologists and physicians, thus imposing newer challenges in this field. The present article will shed light on the potential research issues regarding clinical exercise physiology particularly in the renal area.過去的二十年，運動生理的研究有重大的進展。臨床運動生理的研究替運動生理學開拓了新的領域。它需要運動生理學者與臨床醫生的緊密合作，本文嘗試綜合報道運動與腎病在臨床運動生理方面的突破性發展。
The Jump Rope for Heart Project: An Education Programme for Hong Kong School Children
Authors: HA Amy S. , WONG Stephen H. , CHAN Daniel W.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The primary objectives of this project are twofold: First, to enrich the learning experiences of the Hong Kong school children in health and physical education through a comprehensive rope-jumping programme. Second, to promote and maintain cardiovascular health among the Hong Kong school children through the active participation in rope-jumping activities. The target population for this project will be student of ten primary schools (P.4-P.6) and ten junior secondary schools (S.1 - S.3) in the territories. About 2,500 male and female students aged 9-14 will be included. The project will be implemented between September 1999 and March 2001. Under this project, an educational package including video series and handbooks on nutrition, exercise, and fitness will be developed in assisting school physical educators to promote a healthy lifestyle to their students. By inserting this proposed project into the present physical education curriculum, physical educators will find necessary philosophy, strategies, and pedagogical models to incorporate health and fitness education into a well-balanced school physical education curriculum. All in all, it is most important to develop a comprehensive and quality physical education programme which integrates appropriate physical activities, concepts, and value leading to healthy lives throughout a child's experiences in the home, school and community.本計劃主要目的為：一. 透過一項綜合性的跳繩活動計劃來增加香港學童在體育敎育方面的學習經驗。二. 通過參與跳繩活動向香港學童推廣保持心肺健康的信息。是項計劃對象為二千五百名年齡介乎九至十四歲之中(中一至中三)，小(小四至小六)學男女學童。計劃於一九九九年九月至二零零一年三月期間進行。為協助學校體育敎師向學生推廣健康生活的意識，此計劃特別設計了一套完備的敎材：包括營養、運動和體適能敎學手冊及錄影帶。
Water and Electrolyte Balance in Elementary and Secondary Physical Education Students in a Hot Environment
Authors: ZHANG Yun Kun , CHIN Ming Kai
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.The present paper discusses the physiological and biochemical changes in elementary and secondary school students participating in physical activities in a hot environment. In addition the paper will evaluate the characteristics of water and inorganic electrolyte loss. There were very large differences in cardiovascular function, metabolism, perspiration and body temperature regulation between elementary and secondary school students, when exercising in a hot ambient environment. With this knowledge it is important that physical education classes be carefully developed, relative to duration and exercise intensity, when students are expected to be exposed to high ambient temperatures. Students should be encouraged to consume fluids, before, during and following exercise classes. Fluid replacement beverages should contain 6% carbohydrate and 18mMol/L of sodium.本文闡述了熱環境下中小學生體育活動時身體的生理生化變化，尤其是水鹽丢失的途徑和特點，並對如何科學地組織安排中小學生的體育課，如何在課前、課中和課後合理地補充水和電解質提出了建議。
Marcas políticas: Río Negro
Authors: Bariani Julio
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo realiza un recorrido por una serie de piezas gráficas utilizadas en las campañas presidenciales entre 1983 y la actualidad, y las campañas a gobernador en la provincia de Río Negro en el mismo lapso. El análisis toma como ejes los signos marcarios utilizados por el Partido Justicialista (PJ) y por la Unión Cívica Radical (UCR), así como sus correlatos en los partidos locales, de acuerdo con los devenires del panorama político.
Nuevas relaciones
Authors: Dallachiesa Edgardo
Published: March 2021

Las redes sociales, instaladas en la comunidad a través de un sinfín de alternativas que producen verdades y falsedades, se constituyen inevitablemente en un nuevo orden comunicacional y, a la vez, en un desafío para el diseño en su acepción más generalizada. Aceptamos el reto o nos consolidamos como una profesión convertida en oficio. El interrogante está planteado, pero existen opciones; los colectivos profesionales no solamente deben ser constituidos por diseñadores.
Erica Mizutani, arte no papel e na rua | Erica Mizutani, art on paper and on the street
Authors: Mizutani Erica
Published: March 2021

Erica Mizutani traz na memória referências estéticas vividas dentro de casa, onde a sala se fazia de estúdio de criação do pai artista e publicitário. Nascida na cidade de São Paulo, Mizú, como é conhecida pelos amigos, traça seu caminho profissional sempre atrelado ao envolvimento criativo, tendo iniciado sua carreira em editoras e agências de publicidade, cenários importantes para a sua formação atual estética.
TELAAH HERMENEUTIKA HADIS YUSUF AL-QARDHAWI
Authors: Syahid Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Al-Qardhawi menawarkan konsep dan metodologi yang sangat cerdas dan solutif dalam memahami sunah Nabi. Tidak hanya itu, ia juga menunjukkan bagaimana umat Islam harus melakukan interaksi yang ideal dengan sunah. Tulisan ini adalah studi literatur, yaitu meneliti data yang berkaitan dengan tema dengan memeriksa referensi yang berkaitan dengan studi utama, khususnya pemikiran Yusuf al-Qardhawi tentang hadis. Selain itu, kitab atau buku lain digunakan juga sebagai pelengkap penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah deskriptif analisis. Dilihat dari jenisnya tulisan ini termasuk riset kepustakaan (library research). Hasil dari tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa cara al-Qardhawi dalam memahami hadis adalah dengan menerapkan beberapa prinsip yang sesuai dengan maqāṣid al-syarī’ah, yaitu: (1) memahami sunah sesuai petunjuk al-Qur’an, (2) menghimpun hadis-hadis yang terjalin dalam tema yang sama, (3) penggabungan atau pentarjihan antar hadis-hadis yang tampak bertentangan, (4) memahami hadis dengan mempertimbangkan latar belakang serta tujuannya, (5) membedakan antara sarana yang berubah-ubah dan sasaran yang tetap, (6) membedakan yang hakiki dan majazi, (7) membedakan yang gaib dan yang nyata, (8) memastikan makna kata-kata dalam hadis.
HIPOKRIT SEBAGAI IDE PENCIPTAAN KARYA SENI LUKIS
Authors: Viani Mario
Published: March 2021

Hipokrit adalah sifat kepura-puraan dan kemunafikkan diri yang ber- dampak buruk bagi lingkungan sosial. Peri hal konsepsi dari hipokrisi dijabarkan dalam bentuk visual pada tugas akhir mengenai hal-hal yang menyangkut sisi-sisi gelap dari manusia dalam hal ini merujuk pada kepura–puraan dan kemunafikkan dalam mencapai segala ses- uatu yang diinginkanya tanpa peduli dampak buruk bagi lingkungan- ya, yang diekspresikan ke dalam karya lukis. Dalam merumuskan tentang sifat hipokrisi ke dalam sebuah bentuk karya seni akan digambarkan sebagai seseorang yang bertopeng, Topeng menjadi simbol untuk seseorang yang menyembunyikan karakter aslinya dibalik topeng yang dikenakannya. Hal ini dilihat dari pengertian-pengertian hipokrisi yang telah dijabarkan pada bab sebelumnya di mana seorang yang selalu menyimpan keburukan hati dan menampilkan kebaikan, kereligiusan, kebijaksaan dalam bersosial. Melihat hal tersebut maka diperlukan pemahaman tentang topeng yang akan dihadirkan ke dalam sebuah karya, sehingga tidak merusak makna luhur yang sudah tertanam selama ini.Kata kunci: Hipokrit, munafik, karya lukis, bentuk visual
The Effect of Strategic Instruction for Categorical Clustering on Preschoolers’ Recall Accuracy
Authors: DelVecchio Isabella , Stone Mary
Published: March 2021

Categorical clustering involves the grouping of stimuli into meaningful categories when encoding or retrieving to-be-learned information during memory tasks. The current study measured the categorical clustering behavior of 40 three- to four-year-olds who completed a spatial memory task requiring them to remove and return toys to their original locations within a box. After completing the spatial memory task without strategic instruction, participants were randomly assigned to receive instructions to categorically cluster while removing (encoding) or returning the toys (retrieval) to the box, or receive no strategic instruction (control). Results showed increases in clustering behaviors following strategic instruction, suggesting that participants were able to successfully produce clustering behavior following instruction to do so. Although instruction to categorically cluster during encoding and retrieval generated a significant increase in clustering behavior when removing and returning the toys to the box, respectively, it only improved recall for those instructed to categorically cluster when retrieving the toy locations. Increased engagement in categorical clustering when encoding the toy locations negatively impacted recall, resulting in a utilization deficiency for participants instructed to remove the toys according to their category membership. No changes in clustering behavior or recall accuracy were observed in the participants who completed the task a second time without strategic instruction. Implications for the current understanding of utilization deficiencies observed among preschoolers and future directions for research are discussed.
نص التشغيل العشوائي والفساد المالي والاداري
Authors: Abid Mansoor Ahmad I. , Saber Salim S. , Ali Sabah H.
Published: March 2021

لا يختلف اثنان على ان المورد البشري هو العنصر الجوهري والمحرك للعملية الانتاجية، مما يجعل الاهتمام به امرا لامفر منه ، ضمانا لتحقيق انتاجية افضل . يتاتى ذلك باستثمار هذا المورد الحيوي بالعمل وفاقا لما اعد له ضمانا لاتقان ذلك العمل وحفاظا لما استثمر في اعداده (الاستثمار في التعليم) ليؤتي اكله كما ينبغي. اذن كيف يتحقق ذلك ؟ من اجل ذلك لجات المنظمات الى استثمار هذه القدرات فيما اعدت له ، وذلك من خلال تخطيط هذا المورد ، ، بتحديدالوظائف وفاقا لاهداف المؤسسة وبما ينسجم و مجال عملها , فالوظائف يجب ان تتلائم مع اهداف المؤسسة و مجال عملها و ما تمارسه من نشاط . كل ذلك جعل مسمى الوظيفة يصاغ على وزن اسم الفاعل دلاله على العمل الذي يمارسه ، اذن يجب ان يدل مسمى الوظيفة دلاله تامة على ما تمارسه من نشاط وما تؤديه من عمل وما تنجزه من مهمات . كل ذلك جعل مسمى الوظيفة ملازما ومطابقا لمحتواها دال عليه دلالة تامة ، لاينفصل عنها ولايفارقها . هذا من جانب الوظيفة ، اما من جانب الموظف فانه يجب ان لايكون في وظيفة الا وفاقا لقدراته وما يتقنه من عمل اي ان يكون في المكان الذي اعد له . ان في ذلك لقوة للمؤسسة وامتيازا في ساحة المنافسة والنجاح . وكل امر عكس ذلك ينعكس هدرا في الموارد المالية والبشرية ، هدرا لما استثمر في اعدادها ، وفي ابتعادها عن اداء المهمات التي اعدت لاجلها ، ذلك ما يؤدي الى تدني اداءها .
فرص تحقيق الارباح الرأسمالية من العملات المشفرة مقارنة بالاستثمارات المالية الأخرى دراسة تحليلية مقارنة بين البتكوين وأسهم شركات عالمية مختارة
Authors: Shukri Zeyad T. , Lownd Lina Mikhail
Published: March 2021

سعى البحث إلى التطرق لموضوع العملات المشفرة وبالتحديد البتكوين من حيث النشأة والتطور، المفهوم، والعوامل المؤثرة في أسعارها، والتكنولوجيا المعتمدة، وجدوى الاستثمار فيها، ومن أجل تحقيق هذا الهدف تم الاعتماد على الادبيات المنشورة في هذا المجال للجانب النظري، واعتماد بيانات أسهم ست شركات عالمية ومقارنتها مع بيانات عملة البتكوين من خلال مجموعة اساليب احصائية. توصل البحث الى مجموعة استنتاجات، من أهمها: يحقق الاستثمار في البتكوين أرباح رأسمالية أكبر ب 26 ضعف مقارنة بباقي الشركات العالمية عينة الدراسة. ومن المقترحات التي قدمت: على النظام النقدي الدولي أن يعطي فرصة للعملات المشفرة لتكون جزءاً من وسائل الدفع الالكتروني، فالتوجه الحالي هو نحو دمج أكبر بين عالمي التكنولوجيا والمالية (الفنتك).
Campos de atuação e os desafios da arqueologia empresarial no Brasil
Authors: Jacques Clarisse Callegari , De Carvalho Adriano Batista
Published: March 2021

Em um contexto de aumento de projetos de infraestrutura no Brasil e de uma legislação que busca regular e orientar a atuação dos arqueólogos no âmbito de obtenção de licenças ambientais, as empresas de arqueologia vêm crescendo em número. Além deste contexto, a arqueologia empresarial atua em outros campos de gestão do patrimônio arqueológico, como a avaliação de cavidades, as obras de restauro de edificações e a consultoria para museus. Junto com este crescimento surgem questões a serem discutidas, das quais destaca-se o tema da qualidade das pesquisas e do compromisso ético dos arqueólogos envolvidos. O diálogo entre os arqueólogos que atuam em diversos contextos de pesquisa é crucial para a evolução deste debate, principalmente tenho em vista a atual situação em que as ciências humanas buscam maior investimento por parte do governo e reconhecimento da sociedade como um todo.
Non-local box complexity and secure function evaluation
Authors: Kaplan Marc , Laplante Sophie , Kerenidis Iordanis , Roland J\'er\'emie
Published: March 2021

A non-local box is an abstract device into which Alice and Bob input bits $x$ and $y$ respectively and receive outputs $a$ and $b$, where $a,b$ are uniformly distributed and $a \oplus b = x \wedge y$. Such boxes have been central to the study of quantum or generalized non-locality, as well as the simulation of non-signaling distributions. In this paper, we start by studying how many non-local boxes Alice and Bob need in order to compute a Boolean function $f$. We provide tight upper and lower bounds in terms of the communication complexity of the function both in the deterministic and randomized case. We show that non-local box complexity has interesting applications to classical cryptography, in particular to secure function evaluation, and study the question posed by Beimel and Malkin \cite{BM} of how many Oblivious Transfer calls Alice and Bob need in order to securely compute a function $f$. We show that this question is related to the non-local box complexity of the function and conclude by greatly improving their bounds. Finally, another consequence of our results is that traceless two-outcome measurements on maximally entangled states can be simulated with 3 \nlbs, while no finite bound was previously known.
Security of quantum key distribution with state-dependent imperfections
Authors: Li Hong-Wei , Yin Zhen-Qiang , Wang Shuang , Bao Wan-Su , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu
Published: March 2021

In practical quantum key distribution system, the state preparation and measurement have state-dependent imperfections comparing with the ideal BB84 protocol. If the state-dependent imperfection can not be regarded as an unitary transformation, it should not be considered as part of quantum channel noise introduced by the eavesdropper, the commonly used secret key rate formula GLLP can not be applied correspondingly. In this paper, the unconditional security of quantum key distribution with state-dependent imperfections will be analyzed by estimating upper bound of the phase error rate in the quantum channel and the imperfect measurement. Interestingly, since Eve can not control all phase error in the quantum key distribution system, the final secret key rate under constant quantum bit error rate can be improved comparing with the perfect quantum key distribution protocol.
Relativity of mixed entangled states
Authors: Moradi Shahpoor
Published: March 2021

We obtain the necessary and sufficient separability and distillability conditions of mixtures of a maximally entangled state and the completely separable state in relativistic setting. In an inertial frame we study the entanglement under Wigner rotations induced by Lorentz transformations. We also investigate the mixed state entanglement of scalar and Dirac fields as seen by two relatively accelerated observers. For scalar field we show that in infinite acceleration limit the state has no longer distillable entanglement. For dirac field the entanglement in the infinite acceleration limit is finite. In both cases we show that there are states that will change from entangled into separable for a certain value of velocity or acceleration. We conclude that distillability is a relative concept, depending on the frame in which it is observed.
Information reconciliation for QKD
Authors: Elkouss David , Martinez-Mateo Jesus , Martin Vicente
Published: March 2021

Quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on quantum and classical procedures in order to achieve the growing of a secret random string ---the key--- known only to the two parties executing the protocol. Limited intrinsic efficiency of the protocol, imperfect devices and eavesdropping produce errors and information leakage from which the set of measured signals ---the raw key--- must be stripped in order to distill a final, information theoretically secure, key. The key distillation process is a classical one in which basis reconciliation, error correction and privacy amplification protocols are applied to the raw key. This cleaning process is known as information reconciliation and must be done in a fast and efficient way to avoid cramping the performance of the QKD system. Brassard and Salvail proposed a very simple and elegant protocol to reconcile keys in the secret-key agreement context, known as \textit{Cascade}, that has become the de-facto standard for all QKD practical implementations. However, it is highly interactive, requiring many communications between the legitimate parties and its efficiency is not optimal, imposing an early limit to the maximum tolerable error rate. In this paper we describe a low-density parity-check reconciliation protocol that improves significantly on these problems. The protocol exhibits better efficiency and limits the number of uses of the communications channel. It is also able to adapt to different error rates while remaining efficient, thus reaching longer distances or higher secure key rate for a given QKD system.
Evolution of entanglement
Authors: Merkli M. , Berman G.P. , Borgonovi F. , Gebresellasie K.
Published: March 2021

We analyze the dynamics of entanglement between two qubits which interact through collective and local environments. Our approach is based on a resonance theory which assumes a small interaction between qubits and environments and which gives rigorous perturbation theory results, valid for all times. We obtain expressions for (i) characteristic time-scales for decoherence, relaxation, disentanglement, and for (ii) the evolution of observables, valid uniformly in time $t\geq 0$. We introduce a classification of decoherence times based on clustering of the reduced density matrix elements, persisting on all time-scales. We examine characteristic dynamical properties such as creation, death and revival of entanglement. We discuss possible applications of our results for superconducting quantum computation and quantum measurement technologies.
Coherence preservation in 3-level atom
Authors: Yang Fei , Cong Shuang
Published: March 2021

Coherence preservation of a multilevel system subject to Markovian decoherence is studied. A Lambda-type three-level atom is selected as the system model. Coherence preservation between a ground state and the excited state of such a system is defined as the control object. A control field is designed by means of constraining the constant coherence condition. For the singularities of the control field, we qualitatively analyze the breakdown time, i.e. the time of control diverging. We obtain the region in which the state stays to maintain coherence forever in the case that the three-level system is reduced to a two-level one. For other cases, we investigate how different parameters affect the breakdown time qualitatively. Numerical experiments are implemented on a three-level quantum system and the experimental results are analyzed.
Quantum memory for light with a quantum dot system coupled to a nanomechanical resonator
Authors: Li Jin-Jin , Zhu Ka-Di
Published: March 2021

The specific features including high factor and long vibration lifetime of nanomechanical resonator (NR) in nano-optomechanical systems have stimulated research to realize some optical devices. In this work, we demonstrate theoretically that it is possible to achieve quantum memory for light on demand via a quantum dot system coupled to a nanomechanical resonator. This quantum memory for light is based on mechanically induced exciton polaritons, which makes the dark-state polariton reaccelerated and converted back into a photon pulse. Our presented device could open the door to all-optical routers for light memory devices and quantum information processing.
Rank-based SLOCC classification for odd $n$ qubits
Authors: Li Xiangrong , Li Dafa
Published: March 2021

We study the entanglement classification under stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC) for odd n-qubit pure states. For this purpose, we introduce the rank with respect to qubit i for an odd n-qubit state. The ranks with respect to qubits 1,2, ... n give rise to the classification of the space of odd $n$ qubits into 3^n families.
Probabilistic quantum key distribution
Authors: Hwang Tzonelih , Tsai Chia-Wei , Chong Song-Kong
Published: March 2021

This work presents a new concept in quantum key distribution called the probabilistic quantum key distribution (PQKD) protocol, which is based on the measurement uncertainty in quantum phenomena. It allows two mutually untrusted communicants to negotiate an unpredictable key that has a randomness guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. In contrast to conventional QKD (e.g., BB84) in which one communicant has to trust the other for key distribution or quantum key agreement (QKA) in which the communicants have to artificially contribute subkeys to a negotiating key, PQKD is a natural and simple method for distributing a secure random key. The communicants in the illustrated PQKD take Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs as quantum resources and then use entanglement swapping and Bell-measurements to negotiate an unpredictable key.
Universality of sudden death of entanglement
Authors: Fanchini Felipe F. , Mendonca Paulo E. M. F. , Napolitano Reginaldo de J.
Published: March 2021

We present a constructive argument to demonstrate the universality of the sudden death of entanglement in the case of two non-interacting qubits, each of which generically coupled to independent Markovian environments at zero temperature. Conditions for the occurrence of the abrupt disappearance of entanglement are determined and, most importantly, rigourously shown to be \emph{almost} always satisfied: Dynamical models for which the sudden death of entanglement does not occur are seen to form a highly idealized zero-measure subset within the set of all possible quantum dynamics.
On learning finite-state quantum sources
Authors: Juba Brendan
Published: March 2021

We examine the complexity of learning the distributions produced by finite-state quantum sources. We show how prior techniques for learning hidden Markov models can be adapted to the {\em quantum generator} model to find that the analogous state of affairs holds: information-theoretically, a polynomial number of samples suffice to approximately identify the distribution, but computationally, the problem is as hard as learning parities with noise, a notorious open question in computational learning theory.
Improved bounds on negativity of superpositions
Authors: Ma Zhi-Hao , Chen Zhi-Hua , Han Shuai , Feii Shao-Ming , Severin Simone
Published: March 2021

We consider an alternative formula for the negativity based on a simple generalization of the concurrence. We use the formula to bound the amount of entanglement in a superposition of two bipartite pure states of arbitrary dimension. Various examples indicate that our bounds are tighter than the previously known results.
One-step implementation of the Fredkin gate via quantum Zeno dynamics
Authors: Shi Zhi-Cheng , Xia Yan , Song Jie , Song He-Shan
Published: March 2021

We study one-step implementation of the Fredkin gate in a bi-modal cavity under both resonant and large detuning conditions based on quantum Zeno dynamics, which reduces the complexity of experiment operations. The influence of cavity decay and atomic spontaneous emission is discussed by numerical calculation. The results demonstrate that the fidelity and the success probability are robust against cavity decay in both models and they are also insensitive to atomic spontaneous emission in the large detuning model. In addition, the interaction time is rather short in the resonant model compared to the large detuning model.
Steady-state correlations of two atoms interacting with a reservoir
Authors: Castanos Luis Octavio
Published: March 2021

We consider two two-level atoms fixed at different positions, driven by a resonant monochromatic laser field, and interacting collectively with the quantum electromagnetic field. A Born-Markov-secular master equation is used to describe the dynamics of the two atoms and the steady-state is obtained analytically for a configuration of the atoms. The steady-state populations of the energy levels of the free atoms, entanglement, quantum and geometric discords and degree of mixedness are calculated analytically as a function of the laser field intensity and the distance between the two atoms. It is found that there is a possibility of considerable steady-state entanglement and left/right quantum discord and that these can be controlled either by increasing/decreasing the intensity of the laser field or by increasing/decreasing the distance between atoms. It is shown that the system of two atoms can be prepared in a separable mixed state with non-zero quantum discord that turns into an $X$-state for high laser field intensities. The behavior and relationships between the different correlations are studied and several limiting cases are investigated.
How to counteract systematic errors in quantum state transfer
Authors: Marletto Chiara , Kay Alastair , Ekert Artur
Published: March 2021

In the absence of errors, the dynamics of a spin chain, with a suitably engineered local Hamiltonian, allow the perfect, coherent transfer of a quantum state over large distances. Here, we propose encoding and decoding procedures to recover perfectly from low rates of systematic errors. The encoding and decoding regions, located at opposite ends of the chain, are small compared to the length of the chain, growing linearly with the size of the error. We also describe how these errors can be identified, again by only acting on the encoding and decoding regions.
Pharmacological screening of anti-diabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of aqueous extracts of leaves of Aloe barbadensis
Authors: Abdulaziz Khaled Hasan  , Rakesh Kumar Jat  , Abdul Mannan Khan
Published: March 2021

The present study was to estimate the anti-diabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of aqueous extract of leaves of plant Aloe barbadensis.In alloxan-induced diabetes in rats, the research examined six groups of six male wister rats every to value the hypoglycaemic effect of the barbadensis (ALEC) exposed to hostile to diabetic action in rodents where alloxan monohydrates were utilized as a portion of 120.00 mg/kg in intraperitoneal portion as a diabetogenic specialist to an acquainted diabetic with test rodents. In sub intense, treatment, bunch blood glucose levels are seen on 14.00th, 21.00th and 30.00th-day present treatment compare on typical control in diabetic control checked expanded blood glucose level was watched, with dosages of 100.00, 250.00 and 500.00 mg/kg b.w. A portion of 500.00 mg/kg b.w/day was seen as having the most significant activity. Glibenclamide was applied as a standard drug, and the outcome was compared about it. In the antihyperlipidemic activity, serum cholesterol levels were recorded at aqueous extracts of 100.00, 250.00 and 500.00 mg/kg, on 30.00th-day post-treatment. Serum cholesterol levels were ordinary benchmark groups was 107.70±01.21 mg/dl diabetic control 178.50±01.04 mg/dl and standard medications treatment bunches was 111.30±02.40 mg/dl and ALEC treatment bunches were 171.20±01.03 mg/dl, 145.80±02.92 mg/dl and 118.80±03.86 mg/dl for 100.00, 250.00 and 500.00 mg/kg separately. The results show that the aqueous extract of Aloe barbadensis has significant and continuous oral hypoglycaemic activity, equivalent to the hypoglycaemic result of glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea derivative and hyperlipidemic activity. Extracts also confirmed antihyperlipidaemic possible of the plant extract is establish to be comparable with that of the standard.
Estimation of flavonoids and screening of in vitro antioxidant activity of various extracts of aerial parts of Blepharis maderaspatensis by hydroxyl radical and total antioxidant activity
Authors: Jambula Dinesh Babu  , Bhuvaneswari Santharam  , Kottai Muthu Arumugam
Published: March 2021

Antioxidants are substances that hamper or inhibit the oxidation of oxidizable substrates in the cells. The aerial parts of Blepharis maderaspatensis dry powder was extracted with various solvents (PE, EA and methanol) through Soxhlet extractor. The aerial parts of different concentrates (Pet.ether, ethyl acetate and methanol) of Blepharis maderaspatensis was evaluated for its in-vitro antioxidant potential by hydroxyl radical, total antioxidant activity taking ascorbate used as standard for the both methods and total flavonoids content was estimated as equivalent to rutin. The methanolic concentrates of Blepharis maderaspatensis & standard exhibited antioxidant potential possessing IC50 210µg/ml & 62µg/ml (hydroxyl radical) 200µg/ml & 57µg/ml (Total antioxidant activity) respectively. An IC50 value was originate that methanolic concentrates of Blepharis maderaspatensis more efficient in hydroxyl radical, total antioxidant activity compared EA & PE concentrates. The methanolic and EA concentrates of Blepharis maderaspatensis showed the total flavonoids content (11.230±0.22 and 2.858±0.56 mg of rutin equivalent/g of powder) respectively. The difference in scavenging potential of the extracts can be due to variation in the percentage of bioactive compound flavonoids present in methanolic extracts. Invitro antioxidant studies obviously show methanolic concentrates of Blepharis maderaspatensis have better antioxidant activity due to the presence of total flavonoids content. The findings from the study reveal that the antioxidative potentials of methanolic concentrates Blepharis maderaspatensis could serve as free radical inhibitors, possibly acting as natural antioxidants.
Hospitalitas Menurut Amos Yong dan Falsafah Hidup Orang Basudara untuk Dialog Interreligius
Authors: Sopacuaperu Eklepinus Jefry
Published: March 2021

This article aims to explore hospitality as the basic character needed in developing interreligious dialogues. The underlying idea is that every religion has its particular characteristics of hospitality that can be valuable to start an effective dialogue. The author discerns the local wisdom phrased as hidup orang basudara as one of the chracteristics of the Moluccan hospitality that can be used to develop interreligious dialogue in Molucca, Indonesia. By drawing insights from the derriderian concept of “true hospitality” that surpasses ‘friendship’, hospitality model is offered as a better alternative in the praxis of building interreligious dialogue. This model is also considered more relevant to the people of Molucca, especially among the Christians and the Muslims, during the post-conflict period. The concept of hospitality is in line with some of the Moluccan local wisdoms that are explored in this article as well. In order to embark on the journey of reconciliation, people are invited to go beyond friendship, that is, towards living together as brothers and sisters.
СOMPLEMENT FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPY FOR ONCOPATOLOGY
Authors: O.A. Knyazeva , E.A. Kireeva
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study. To assess changes in the comple-ment system in oncopathology (C3 (H2O) level, C1q-IgG dissociation constant) and the effect on these indicators of a complex preparation of 3d-metal gluconates (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn).
It has been shown that in oncopathology (NHL, CL, BC) during incubation of blood serum, there is a change in the nature of the transition of the C3 component of the complement into its hydrolysis form C3 (H2O) and an in-crease in the dissociation constant of the C1q-IgG com-plex. After therapy with a complex preparation of 3d-metal gluconates, a correction of the C3 (H2O) level was observed. Treatment in myeloma mice had a similar effect on the hydrolysis curve of the C3 component and led to a decrease in the C1q-IgG dissociation constant.
The use of these complement indicators may be promising for assessing the effectiveness of therapy.
ТНЕ RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A MALIGNANT TUMOR GROWTH AND PECULIARITIES OF BEHAVIOR OF LABORATORY ANIMALS
Authors: E.S. Zhukova , T.G. Shcherbatyuk , M.A. Pozdniakova
Published: March 2021

Laboratory rats' basic behavioral characteristics were studied in the experimental "Open field" test. A rat renal carcinoma cell line RA was used to model tumor growth. Free radical processes were assessed in normal condi-tions of organism and with tumor progression. Correla-tions were revealed between the levels of behavioral ac-tivity, the intensity of tumor growth, and free radical pro-cesses. The obtained data will serve as the basis for the development of risk management systems for the oncology and development of oncopathology in the population.