bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Energetic Nexus: A Comprehensive Study of Kshipra Marma
Authors: Dhabhai Dr. Neelam , Verma Dr. Hemendra Kr. , Sharma Dr. Shyoram , Sharma Prof. Mahendra
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Ayurveda is a comprehensive approach to health and prosperity and is a wisdom of life. It is one of the first medical systems and can cite several medical theories and facts. Each truth has a unique significance that should be understood with the aid of references from different Samhitas. According to Ayurveda, one of the important concepts is Marma. The captious locations on the body where various types of muscles, veins, bones, ligaments, and joints converge are known as Marma. The knowledge of the Marma Vigyan was applied in the past in a variety of professions, including surgery, kaychikitsa, and various forms of pain management. Sushrut is one of 107 Marma created by an ancient Indian physician. Kshipra Marma is one of the Shakhagata Marma. The location of Marma and the genuine treatments accessible at the time were assembled from many old books and cadaveric information, but now it is crucial to examine this knowledge on behalf of current medical science to make the biggest contribution in this sector.
Protocol for the 2023 CERA Clerkship Director Survey
Authors: Kost Amanda , Moore Miranda A. , Ho Tiffany , Biggs Ray
Published: September 2023

Introduction: CERA, the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance, is a unique collaboration between multiple family medicine organizations to conduct omnibus surveys of distinct groups within family medicine. CERA’s vision is to support excellence in family medicine educational research and improve research skills in family medicine. This paper describes the methods of the 2023 Clerkship Directory Survey and presents the demographic results of survey respondents.
Methods: CERA’s call for proposals for the annual Clerkship Directory Survey opened from January 2023 to February 2023. Five topics were selected, and authors of the selected proposals had a mentor assigned to their project. The survey was sent to Clerkship Directors via SurveyMonkey (Momentive, Inc) on May 30, 2023 and responses were collected through June 30, 2023. χ2 tests were used for descriptive analysis.
Results: The survey was initially sent to 179 potential respondents but after receiving updated clerkship information, the final pool size was 169 (163 United States, 16 Canada). Ninety-six clerkship directors completed the survey, with a response rate of 56.80% (96/169). The demographic data of potential clerkship director respondents were compared with the demographic data of actual respondents. There were no significant difference in demographic data including location, gender, race/ethnicity and underrepresented in medicine status.
Discussion: This paper describes the methods of the 2023 CERA Clerkship Directory Survey and shows that survey respondents are representative of clerkship directors. Authors of the five accepted survey topics are responsible for publishing their study findings.
Changes of “brain-GI” interplay in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study of dynamic total-body [11C]CFT PET/CT and kinetic modeling
Authors: Xin Mei , Wang Yihan , Yang Xinlan , Li Lianghua , Wang Cheng , Gu Yue , Zhang Chenpeng , Huang Gang , Zhou Yun , Liu Jianjun
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease
characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain.
To achieve better explorations of dopamine changes both centrally and
peripherally, we employed uEXPLORER dynamic [11C]CFT PET/CT imaging
combined with voxel-wise kinetic modeling. Methods: Eleven participants
(five patients, PD and six healthy volunteers, HC) underwent 75-min
dynamic scans were enrolled. Volumes of interest for four nigrostriatal
nuclei (caudate, putamen, pallidum and substantial nigra) and three
digestive organs (pancreas, stomach and duodenum) were delineated.
Total-body parametric images of relative transporter rate constant (R1)
and distribution volume ratio (DVR) using the simplified reference
tissue model (SRTM2) were quantitatively generated by a linear
regression with spatial-constraint algorithm. Standardized uptake value
ratio (SUVR) at early and late phase were calculated as the
semi-quantitative substitutes. Results: Significant differences between
the two groups were identified in DVR and SUVRLP of putamen (P
< 0.05) and SUVREP of stomach (P < 0.01). For HC
group, negative correlations of R1 were achieved between stomach and
both putamen and substantial nigra (all P < 0.05); positive
correlations of DVR were identified between pancreas and all four brain
nuclei (all P < 0.05). Yet in PD group, correlations of R1 or
DVR between the targeted digestive and brain areas were considerably
diminished. Similar trends in correlations were also found in SUVR
analysis. Conclusions: We introduced a pioneering approach using dynamic
total-body [11C]CFT PET/CT imaging to investigate distinctive
patterns of potential “brain-GI” interplays, which may provide new
insights towards the understanding of PD.
The Effect of Yoga on Foot/Leg Pain, Fatigue and Psychological Well-Being in Nurses The Effect of Yoga on Foot/Leg Pain, Fatigue
Authors: Güvener Yasemin Özyer , Erdoğan Meryem
Published: September 2023

Background: Working women in Turkey, especially nurses, most of
whom are women, are busy in the hospital and at home. Due to Covid 19,
the working conditions of women have become even worse, and the effect
of pain and fatigue because of standing has increased. In this context,
the study was carried out to show the effect of yoga on coping with pain
and fatigue of working nurses. Objectives: This is a randomized
controlled study to determine the effect of yoga on foot/leg pain,
fatigue severity and psychological well-being in nurses.
Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. We
conducted the study with nurses working in 25 control groups and 20
experimental groups. While collecting data, Individual Identification
Form, Visual Analog Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Psychological
Well-being Scale were applied. A total of 16 sessions of yoga were done
with the nurses in the experimental group, two days a week for eight
weeks. Results: A significant difference between the Visual
Analogue Scale and Psychological Well-being Scale sub-dimension of life
goals of the nurses in the experimental group in the pre-test and
post-test was found(p <0.05). The post-test mean scores of the
nurses in the control group were not statistically significant
(p> 0.05). Conclusions: Yoga is an effective
method for reducing pain and creating a purpose in life. Yoga has a
positive effect on safe, pain and psychological well-being. Nurses can
use the yoga method effectively for their patients and themselves.
Potential role of IL-5 in airway remodeling: current advances in asthma management
Authors: AbuJabal Rola , Ramakrishnan rakhee , Bajbouj Khuloud , Hamid Qutayba
Published: September 2023

Asthma is a common chronic airway inflammatory disease that affects both
pediatric and adult population, and is associated with significant
morbidity, mortality, and financial burden worldwide. One of the main
concerns with asthma is the manifestation of irreversible tissue
remodeling of the airways due to the chronic inflammatory environment
that will eventually disrupt the whole structure of the airways.
Majority of the asthma patients are treated with corticosteroids.
However, the development of steroid resistance is a commonly encountered
issue, which will limit the treatment options for these patients.
Biological therapies are a promising therapeutic approach for this
subclass of patients. Interleukin 5 is recently gaining a lot of
attention as a biological target capable of ameliorating the tissue
remodeling process. SinceIL-5-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
(Mepolizumab, Reslizumab, Benralizumab) are currently available for
clinical use, this review aims to revisit the role of IL-5 in asthma
pathogenesis at large and airway remodeling in particular, in addition
to exploring its role as a target for biological treatments.
Predation of the endangered Ae‘o (Hawaiian Stilt) by a native raptor, the Pueo (Hawaiian Short-eared Owl) on the island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, USA.
Authors: Garcia-Heras Marie-Sophie , Idle Jessica , Wang Olivia , Harmon Kristen , Wilhite Chad , Stormcrow Kaleiheana-a-Pōhaku , Davidson Lesley , Naguwa Wade , Price Melissa
Published: September 2023

The Hawaiian Islands have a high rate of species endemism but also one
of the highest rates of species loss. Introduced predators have been
identified as one of the major causes of the decline of native bird
populations (e.g., seabirds, waterbirds, and forest birds) in island
ecosystems. The control and removal of invasive predators is a key
component of active management strategies for the conservation and
recovery of native endangered species across the Hawaiian Archipelago.
However, predation by native predators on native prey species also takes
place and must be factored into recovery models for endangered species.
The Pueo (Hawaiian Short-eared Owl; Asio flammeus sandwichensis) is a
sub-species of Short-eared Owl endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and is
considered endangered on the island of O‘ahu, while the Ae‘o (Hawaiian
Stilt; Himantopus mexicanus knudensi) is an endangered subspecies of the
Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) that is native to Hawai‘i. A
variety of non-native predators are confirmed to consume Ae‘o eggs,
chicks, and adults, including invasive mammals, birds, and amphibians.
While predation by native predators was suspected, there are no cases
documented in the literature to date describing Pueo actively preying
upon Ae‘o. Here, we describe four different events that provide evidence
of Pueo predating Ae‘o during the 2019-2021 breeding seasons in a
wetland area on the island of O‘ahu: (a) a two to three-week old Ae‘o
chick freshly caught by an adult Pueo; (b) the discovery of at least 10
adult-sized Ae‘o carcasses and remains near an active Pueo nest; (c) the
observation of Pueo actively chasing Ae‘o; and (d) a series of game
camera photos of a Pueo standing at two active Ae‘o nests. To our
knowledge, these observations are the first published accounts of
predator-prey interactions between these two globally distributed taxa.
Cassia angustifolia and tacrolimus interaction in a liver transplant patient, a case report
Authors: Beltrá-Picó Iván , Díaz-Gonzalez Marcos , nalda-molina Ricardo , Ramón-López Amelia , Pascual-Bartolomé Sonia , Miralles-Macià Cayetano , Más-Serrano Patricio
Published: September 2023

Cassia angustifolia is a species of a plant from the Senna family that
has traditionally been used as a laxative in different herbal products
and commercial medicines. There are few described interactions between
Senna and drugs, most of them related to electrolyte disturbances due to
concomitant use with other laxatives or due to increased intestinal
transit that may limit the absorption of drugs with low bioavailability.
We present a case with supratherapeutic trough concentration of
tacrolimus in a liver transplant patient after concomitant intake of
tacrolimus and a herbal product based on Cassia angustifolia, suggesting
a possible drug-plant interaction by means of P-glycoprotein. We observe
an increase in their plasma concentration 2.8-fold and the AUC 2.1-fold.
Averting DDOS Attacks in Web-Based Applications
Authors:   Department of Computer Science National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria, Nwaocha Vivian O. , Oloyede Ayodele
Published: September 2023

Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks are becoming increasingly pervasive, especially in web-based applications, and their impact have been devastating and affect businesses and organisations negatively. This research highlights web-based applications which enables users connect with a remote server via a web browser. The web apps are used on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones, which are prone to various attacks and predominantly DDoS attacks. Consequently, effective strategies, Mitigation Service are proposed for detecting DDoS attacks and blocking malicious traffic from web-applications. Keywords: Attacks, Cyber crimes, DDOS, Services, Web, Apps, Traffic, Mitigation, Detection.
Achieving Normoglycemia With Tirzepatide: Analysis of SURPASS 1–4 Trials
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Vázquez Luis , Del Prato Stefano , Franco Denise Reis , Weerakkody Govinda , Dai Biyue , Landó Laura Fernández , Bergman Brandon K. , Rodríguez Angel
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE

Tirzepatide is a novel single-molecule glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, which demonstrated unprecedented improvements in glycemic control and body weight reduction, in the SURPASS phase 3 program. In this exploratory analysis, we aimed to characterize tirzepatide-treated participants who achieved HbA1c <5.7% and evaluate changes in clinical markers associated with long-term cardiometabolic health.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Baseline characteristics and change from baseline to week 40 for several efficacy and safety parameters were analyzed according to HbA1c attainment category (<5.7%, 5.7–6.5%, and >6.5%) using descriptive statistics in participants taking ≥75% of treatment doses, without rescue medication, in the SURPASS 1–4 trials (N = 3,229). Logistic regression models with tirzepatide doses adjusted as a covariate were used to obtain odds ratios and assess the impact of patient characteristics achieving an HbA1c <5.7%.

RESULTS

Tirzepatide-treated participants who achieved HbA1c <5.7% were slightly younger, with a shorter duration of diabetes and lower HbA1c value at baseline compared with those who did not achieve HbA1c <5.7%. In addition, they showed greater improvements in HbA1c, body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, liver enzymes, and lipid parameters without increasing hypoglycemia risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Normoglycemia was unprecedently achieved in a significant proportion of participants in the SURPASS clinical program, without increasing hypoglycemia risk, and was associated with an overall improvement in metabolic health.
Hyperpigmentation in an Elderly Patient with Atopic Dermatitis: A Quiz
Authors: Wu Zhe , Zhang Wenqing , Wu Chenglong , Zhou Kaili , Yao Zhirong
Published: September 2023

Abstract is missing (Quiz)
Principais divergências nas métricas ESG e seus impactos nos ratings dos bancos brasileiros
Authors: Martiningo Filho Antonio , Lima Agatha Kovalek de , Pereira Vinicius Alves dos Santos , Botelho Ducineli Regis
Published: September 2023

O objetivo deste artigo foi demonstrar as principais divergências entre as métricas ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) utilizadas pelas agências de rating e os impactos dessas divergências nos indicadores ESG dos bancos brasileiros. A partir da comparação das divergências de metodologia, escopo e pesos utilizados por duas das maiores empresas internacionais de rating (Refinitiv e S&P) foi possível observar diferenças no resultado dos indicadores. Essas divergências podem dificultar a avaliação das instituições quanto aos aspectos ESG relacionados aos interesses de todas as partes interessadas em uma organização, conforme previsto na Teoria dos Stakeholders. Foram analisados os indicadores ESG dos quatro maiores bancos brasileiros e verificadas divergências nos pesos adotados pelas agências de rating para os indicadores relacionados aos fatores Social (32% e 49,6%) e de Governança (55% e 36%), além de divergências de critérios em todos os componentes. Por fim, foi possível demonstrar que essas divergências influenciaram nos scores atribuídos pelas agências de rating aos bancos, o que pode dificultar uma análise precisa pelos usuários da informação, sejam grandes investidores ou mesmo a sociedade que espera receber retornos em troca do estado de legitimidade conferido à organização.
Criptomoedas: um estudo sobre as opiniões dos respondentes das comment letters do IASB
Authors: Santos Lucas Benicio dos , Bonfim Mariana Pereira , Soares José Mauro Madeiros Velôso , Alves Mariana Azevedo
Published: September 2023

Em virtude do crescente uso de criptoativos e da falta de uma normatização sobre o tema, em maio de 2019, o International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) emitiu o documento Holdings of Cryptocurrencies indicando o entendimento da contabilização de criptomoedas e solicitando o envio de comment letters aos stakeholders. Assim, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo examinar as comment letters recebidas pelo IASB a respeito do reconhecimento e contabilização das moedas digitais. Foram analisadas 20 comment letters, enviadas por oito setores contábeis diferentes e os resultados apontam que, de maneira geral, os respondentes concordam com a classificação dos criptoativos como intangíveis e estoques, e também concordam ou não opinaram com o não enquadramento como caixa e instrumentos financeiros. Adicionalmente, a maioria discorda da decisão do IASB de apenas emitir uma decisão provisória e não realizar um estudo mais aprofundado a respeito da classificação dos criptoativos.
Impacto da pandemia do Covid-19 sobre a arrecadação própria de impostos na região centro-oeste de Minas Gerais
Authors: Enes Wilson Machado
Published: September 2023

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar e analisar se houve impactos sobre a arrecadação própria de tributos municipais na região do Centro-Oeste de Minas Gerais. A região escolhida foi devido à diversidade de setores que os municípios têm, desde a fabricação de calçados, incluindo a cidade considerada a capital mineira do leite até área de fundições, com realização de exportações de alguns produtos fabricados ou extraídos da região. A literatura demonstra que em casos de pandemias, geradoras de crises sanitárias, a economia é drasticamente afetada, aumentando-se a desigualdade sociale a inadimplência, com o não pagamento de taxas e tributos, afetando a Gestão Pública(Chen, Gozgor&Koo, 2021; Caetano, Ávila& Tavares, 2017; Weckeret al. 2021). O período analisado foi de 2018 (pré Covid-19) a 2021 (pós Covid- 19). Para realizar a análise, proposta no objetivo da pesquisa, foram utilizados testes de diferenças de médias de Wilcoxon-Matched-Pairs, estatística descritiva e gráficos box-plot, cujo resultado demonstrou uma heterogeneidade com relação a arrecadação própria dos tributos municipais. Ou seja, houve uma queda sobre a arrecadação devido à pandemia do Covid-19. Entretanto, não foram todos os impostos que tiveram diminuições no período pandêmico (2020 e 2021).
Second-order PLS structural equation modeling in scientific research
Authors: Ouro Abimael , Santos Eucymara , Santos Esdras , Barreto Ikaro , Olave Maria
Published: September 2023

This study looked at how structural equation modeling using partial least squares of higher order has been used in various fields of science. We used the integrative type of systematic review method for this. We used the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel database. We searched this database for articles with eight different descriptors published between 2010 and 2020. In total, we used 173 articles as the basis for our analysis in our study. We used coding and graph analysis through social network analysis to analyze the data. The main findings show that social science is the most commonly used area for this method, and that most studies do not detail how they conducted the higher-order structural equation through partial least squares modeling. The study also shows which metrics are commonly used and which could be used more effectively for greater reliability.
luta pelo direito
Authors: Rocha Pedro dos Santos
Published: September 2023

Ihering leva em consideração em sua análise a paz e a luta. A primeira ideia evidente durante a leitura do texto é a ênfase dado pelo autor à necessidade da luta para alcançar algo, desde simples direitos individuais aos mais genéricos e abrangentes. Esta ideia é mantida ao longo do texto, notando-se uma clara ênfase. Para o autor, por natureza, o direito é essencialmente duplo, tendo um fim e um meio para atingi-lo. O fim seria a paz, o meio seria a  luta, e para que a paz, a justiça e outros fundamentos do bem comum fossem alcançados, teria que haver uma revolução, consolidada pela luta e não pela passividade.
O que há num nome?
Authors: Medeiros Isabella Tritone
Published: September 2023

Considerando as fronteiras que separam áreas do conhecimento enquanto produções deliberadas da agência intelectual, envolvidas por relações de poder, este trabalho objetiva levantar as principais distinções entre uma produção acadêmica acerca da religião nas Ciências Sociais, em relação ao tratamento dado ao mesmo objeto pela Ciência da Religião, especialmente aquela que trabalha a partir de questões do social. Com isso, pretende-se discutir a possibilidade de diálogo entre as duas áreas, bem como as problemáticas da identificação simultânea dos pesquisadores com ambas as tradições epistemológicas dessas disciplinas.
BERDAYA BERSAMA; PENDAMPINGAN MARKETING ENTREPRENEURIAL BAGI UMK DENGAN METODE HYBRID SERVICE LEARNING
Authors: Ardianti Retno
Published: September 2023

Perubahan gaya hidup konsumen selama masa pandemi menuntut adanya perubahan bagi pelaku usaha dalam cara memasarkan produk. Namun demikian tidak semua pelaku usaha, khususnya pada skala mikro dan kecil memiliki kesiapan untuk melakukan perubahan yang terkait dengan penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Oleh karena itu kami memberikan dukungan bagi pelaku usaha melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan menggunakan metode service learning. Metode ini merupakan kombinasi antara academic learning dengan community service yang dapat dilakukan baik secara online maupun on-site (hybrid). Kegiatan abdimas ini dilakukan pada 10 usaha mikro kecil yang berada di Wilayah Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Bandung, Bali, hingga Halmahera Utara dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Berdasarkan evaluasi, kegiatan ini membantu entrepreneurs dalam menyusun strategi pemasaran jangka panjang serta dalam mengoptimalkan pemasaran melalui media sosial maupun e-marketplace. Bagi mahasiswa, kegiatan ini memberikan manfaat berupa penguasaan softskills, hardskills, maupun kesempatan untuk mengenali kekurangan ataupun potensi diri. Hal ini merupakan dampak yang melebihi manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari pembelajaran dengan metode konvensional.
Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran PowerPoint Interaktif Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing pada Materi Sistem Koloid Kelas XI SMA/MA
Authors: Yase Luthfira , Aini Syamsi
Published: September 2023

Materi sistem koloid merupakan materi yang dipelajari di kelas XI SMA/MA pada semester genap. Hasil wawancara beberapa guru kimia di MAN 1 Kota Padang menyatakan bahwa bahan ajar pada materi sistem koloid cenderung berpusat pada pendidik dan hanya menampilkan 2 dari 3 level representasi kimia, sehingga peserta didik cenderung pasif. Materi sistem koloid bersifat faktual dan teoritis, oleh karena itu diperlukannya media pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk menguji tingkat keefektifan media pembelajaran PowerPoint interaktif berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi sistem koloid terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI MAN 1 Kota Padang. Jenis penelitian yaitu quasi experiment dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Hasil analisis data yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai n-gain yang tinggi, sedangkan kelas kontrol mendapatkan skor sedang. Keputusan pada uji hipotesis yaitu H0 ditolak. Berdasarkan analisis data tersebut artinya penggunaan media pembelajaran PowerPoint interaktif berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi sistem koloid efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Validity of Buffer Solution e-Module based on Problem Based Learning
Authors: Effendi Novicha , Iryani Iryani
Published: September 2023

The Validity of buffer solution e-modules based on problem-based learning has been conducted. This study aimed to determine the category of Validity of buffer solution e-Modules based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has been developed. The type of research conducted is educational design research (EDR) with a plomp development model. The Plomp development model consists of 3 stages: preliminary research, prototyping stage, and assessment phase. However, this research is limited to the prototype III. Validation of e-modules using a questionnaire instrument consisting of content, constructs, graphics and language aspects. Seven validators validate the module. The results of the validity data analysis show that the module generated meets the valid criteria in terms of content, constructs, graphics and language aspects.
THE REFLECTION OF STUDENTS’ EFL CLASSROOMS ANXIETY IN UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM
Authors: Nirwana Gusti Puspita , Rosayanti Novinda , Mahrus Miftahul
Published: September 2023

Anxiety is one of the constraints affecting EFL learners in acquiring the target language of the communicative classroom contexts, especially for university students. Therefore, the research aims to shed light on the students' English foreign language classroom anxiety in undergraduate programs. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. This research involved sixty-two students in an undergraduate program. Purposive sampling was applied in this research to select the participants. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The Questionnaire adopted from Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986) consisted of 33 items. The result revealed that the average student's anxiety level was 114, categorized as anxious in the EFL classrooms. Another result showed that the students experienced some symptoms and phenomena based on the three subdimensions, indicating anxiety in EFL classrooms.
LANGUAGE LEARNING MOTIVATION EMPLOYED BY THE STUDENTS IN SEKOLAH INDONESIA KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Annisa Riah Khoirul , Hardiyanto Asep , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: September 2023

The current article attempts to investigate the motivation of language learning employed by students learning English as a foreign language but living in a state that uses English as a second language, Malaysia. The current research focused on the types of motivation by Gardner & Lambert, namely instrumental and integrative, the dominant types of instrumental and integrative, the differences between natural science and social science, and also what items of students' motivation most related to their language learning. The exploratory, descriptive quantitative method was applied in this study with the total subject (N=18) students of Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur (SIKL) at XII grade students of natural and social science class categorized into three levels: low, moderate, and high level. A close-ended questionnaire was used, which consisted of fourteen statements adopted from Dornyei's language learning motivation. The study result revealed that in SIKL, students were generally oriented toward instrumental rather than integrative motivation. Both natural and social classes showed that instrumental was more oriented by the students. Furthermore, the students present the motivation to learn English to prepare for a better career and future. Besides, most students present that they are motivated to provide a chance to travel to English countries. The study's findings have implications for the English teaching and learning process, especially for giving good learning materials, methods, and models suitable to their language learning motivation. Furthermore, motivated students tend to put more effort and consistency into their language-learning process, which leads to success.
Ligature-induced Periodontitis in Rats and Mice: A Systematic Review on Therapeutic Targets
Authors:   Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia, Abd. Aziz Noor Azliza Wani , Zainal Ariffin Muhammad Hilmi ,   Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia, Mhd Zukhi Aina Athirah ,   Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia, Din Nur Sarah Izzati ,   Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Periodontitis is currently managed through plague removal, both mechanically and chemically. However, limitation to reach the base of deep pockets often results in incomplete protection from periodontal pathogens. Therefore, new treatment modalities are emerging with the aim of controlling the inflammationassociated surrounding tissue damage. There have been strong evidences of preclinical studies on the mechanisms of protection, which may bring insights into the potential therapeutic target(s). We performed a systematic review to identify the therapeutic target(s) in rodent model of periodontitis. Method: The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), ID: CRD42022355578. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley databases from 2017 to 2021. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. We developed a diagram to show the cellular location of the targets. These targets were summarized based on their effects on the outcome determinants such as inflammatory response and the extend of alveolar bone and/or periodontal attachment loss. Decision matrix analysis was used to identify which target(s) hold the most potential. Result: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Result showed that protection in early and late phases of periodontitis involve targets such as transcription factor, protein and lipid kinases, transmembrane receptor, and extracellular protein. Further analysis showed that transcription factor is the most investigated target with the most reported protective outcomes. Conclusion: Protective targets in periodontitis involve different cellular levels. Transcription factor appears as the most potential therapeutic target in rodent model of periodontitis.
Optimasi Metode Penetapan Senyawa Eugenol dalam Minyak Cengkeh Menggunakan Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrum dengan Variasi Suhu Injeksi
Authors: Margareta Mailinda Ayu Hana , Wonorahardjo Surjani
Published: September 2023

Tanaman cengkeh merupakan salah satu tanaman asli yang tumbuh di Indonesia. Tanaman ini memiliki banyak manfaat, salah satunya dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar minyak atsiri yaitu minyak cengkeh yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam beberapa industri. Dalam minyak cengkeh komponen utamanya adalah eugenol yang juga digunakan sebagai parameter penentuan kualitas dari minyak cengkeh. Penentuan senyawa eugenol dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode kromatografi, salah satu pengaplikasian kromatografi yaitu pada alat Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrum atau disebut GC-MS. Dalam penentuan profil eugenol menggunakan GC-MS dibutuhkan pemrograman suhu yang merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam pemisahan senyawa dengan metode kromatografi. Terkait dengan hal tersebut maka dilakukan pengembangan metode pengujian menggunakan GC-MS dalam penentuan profil senyawa eugenol dengan variasi suhu injeksi, sehingga dapat diperoleh hasil maksimal dalam penentuan eugenol menggunakan GC-MS dengan kondisi pengujian yang optimal. Dari ketiga variasi suhu injeksi untuk penentuan kadar eugenol dengan alat GC-MS, metode yang paling optimal adalah suhu injeksi 200 °C. Metode tersebut paling optimal karena menghasilkan nilai yang paling mendekati kadar sesungguhnya larutan baku  eugenol yang sudah diketahui kadarnya.  Metode yang paling optimal kemudian digunakan untuk penentuan kadar eugenol pada minyak cengkeh komersial dan hasil menunjukkan kadar eugenol sebesar 21% yang berarti minyak cengkeh tersebut berkualitas rendah.
Austerity: An environmentally dangerous idea
Authors: Kaika Maria , Calvario Rita , Velegrakis Giorgos
Published: September 2023

The article examines austerity as a policy and practice that is dangerous not only for human societies and economies, but also for more-than-human ecologies and lives. Often presented as an economic tool that can 'fix' an economic crisis, austerity nevertheless carries serious environmental consequences which are not systematically documented or theorized. Here, we sketch a political ecology agenda for understanding austerity as environmental politics, focusing on three facets. First, austerity as justification for intensifying environmental destruction in the name of economic recovery. Second, austerity as a catalyst for increasing socio-environmental inequality, exacerbating colonial extractivism, and complexifying North/South binaries. Third, austerity as a socio-environmental condition that can kindle innovative environmental protection movements; but can also exacerbate climate denialism and new forms of 'othering.' The framework we offer here is pertinent at the aftermath of consecutive economic, pandemic, and inflation-induced austerity periods, when aggressive pro-growth agendas fast become normalized as prime recovery strategies. 
Cerebrovascular Disease and Covid-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Muja Lavinia Florenta , Axelerad Any , Baz Radu Andrei , Cambrea Simona Claudia
Published: September 2023

This article covers various aspects of COVID-19, also known as the new coronavirus. It is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus has rapidly spread globally and caused a pandemic. The primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets when an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes. While most people will experience mild or moderate symptoms, the disease can be severe and even fatal, especially for older adults and those with underlying health conditions. Additionally, the article discusses the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 and its effects on the immune system, as well as the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and its impact on cerebrovascular disease.
Course of Tuberculosis Infections in Constanta County During 2018-2022
Authors: Stefan Nicoleta Olimpia
Published: September 2023

During the period studied, the incidence of tuberculosis was decreasing and this fact was due to the Covid-19 pandemic which caused authorities to focus on this public health emergency. In the last year studied, there is a slight upward trend in tuberculosis incidence rate. Patients diagnosed with tuberculosis during this period are extremely severe, contagious patients with minimal life chances.
Variations in Otolith and Scale Shape of the Invasive Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus Populations from Different Habitats of the Sava River Basin, Croatia
Authors: Planchet Valentine , Špelić Ivan , Piria Marina
Published: September 2023

Round goby Neogobius melanostomus is one of the three invasive Ponto-Caspian gobies found in the Sava River basin in Croatia. It has a negative effect on the native ecosystems due to its high invasive potential that enables its rapid spread upstream in inland watercourses. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in sagittal otolith and scale shape of the frontal and established populations of N. melanostomus in two different habitat types. At two sampling sites in the main course of the Sava (Babina Greda, Slavonski Brod) and in a modified habitat (Sava-Odra canal), 20 individuals of N. melanostomus were collected and analysed. The geometric morphometric method was used together with Procrustes analysis of variance, canonical variate analysis and discriminant function analysis to analyse the otolith and scale shape. Significant differences in both otolith and scale shapes were found between settled (Babina Greda) and frontal (Slavonski Brod) populations from the main course of the Sava River. The main differences were the wider anterior part of the scales and a more pronounced open indentation on the otolith of the Babina Greda population. The settled population in the Sava-Odra canal was significantly different in otolith shape from the Babina Greda population but not from the Slavonski Brod population, suggesting that the upstream migration consisted of individuals with specific phenotype and genotype. Otoliths generally expressed greater shape variability than scales and thus may be more useful for differentiating between closely related populations on a finer scale. The results of this study suggest that the shape of otoliths and scales can be used to distinguish between closely related populations of N. melanostomus from different habitats but more comprehensive studies are needed due to the small number of samples.
Water Quality Fluctuations in Shrimp Ponds During Dry and Rainy Seasons
Authors: Ariadi Heri , Azril Muh. , Mujtahidah Tholibah
Published: September 2023

Season and water quality are essential indicators in the life cycle of pond ecosystems. The season is a natural factor affecting the level of water quality dynamics in shrimp cultivation in ponds. This study aims to evaluate the dynamics of differences in water quality parameters in intensive Litopenaeus vannamei ponds during dry and rainy seasons. This current study applied an ex post facto causal design based on actual field conditions. During the rainy season, water quality parameters tended to fluctuate dynamically, with the parameters of phosphate (PO4), nitrite (NO2), and total organic matter (TOM) exceeding the threshold value of water quality standards for aquaculture, with a PO4 value of 0.734 mg/L, a NO2 of 0.180 mg/L, and a TOM of 101.29 mg/L. In the dry season, water quality parameters remained stable, with only the phosphate parameter showing a value above the water quality standard threshold of 0.633 mg/L. Based on the trend of fluctuations in the two seasons, a model of equation Y = 3.979 + 0.814x was made with a significance value <α (0.05), which means that the two seasons positively correlated with the impact on fluctuations of water quality in the ponds. The results of the dynamic modelling analysis showed contradictions in water quality and nutrients during rainy and dry seasons. Water quality parameters in intensive L. vannamei cultivation during dry and rainy seasons fluctuated dynamically and differed according to the type of weather conditions and the current season.
Methodologies for Measuring Mobility in Covid-19 Research
Authors: Zsigó Zsanett
Published: September 2023

Subject and purpose of the work:

The subject of this paper is the mobility research in Europe focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, and the aim is to give a comparative overview on the used methods and datasets of the literature and identify research gaps.

Materials and methods:

The method is based on the methodological literature review method.

The source of the reviewed literature is the EBSCO online database.

Results:

The literature based on the analysed territorial level can be classified. Results show the levels of research are city, national and complex levels. Most research is based on secondary data. Spatial indicators are relevant at a national level. Research gaps have been found in terms of time and space.

Conclusions:

The existing literature based on the analysed territorial level can be classified. Results show there are 3 levels of research; city, national and complex levels, and most research is based on secondary data, primary data collection is relevant only on a city level. Spatial indicators are common on a national level. Research gaps have been found in terms of time and space.
Analysis of Women’s Economic Engagement in the Agricultural Economy and Factor Affecting it: A Case Study of Fatehabad District of Haryana State
Authors: Kaliravna Varsha Rani , Godrara Abhey Singh
Published: September 2023

Subject and purpose of work:

The study analysed women’s contribution to agricultural activities in small, medium and large farm sizes and also examined the socio-economic factors that affect women’s participation in the agricultural sector.

Materials and methods:

The study is entirely based on primary data collected from a field survey with the help of a pre-structured questionnaire. A simple tabulated method and multiple regression method has been employed to make conclusions.

Results:

The study has revealed that the participation of women in the agricultural sector is the highest in the small and medium farm size and selected socio-economic variables explain the 85.4% association with women’s participation in the selected area.

Conclusions:

The study concluded that employment-wise participation of the respondent’s decreases with the increase in farm size and the relationship between women’s participation and farm size, family income and education is statistically significant.
Econometric VAR Analysis of the Effect of the Foreign Exchange Reserves on Macroeconomic Variables in Emerging Countries: The Case of BRIC Countries
Authors: Krušković Borivoje D.
Published: September 2023

This paper analyses the effects of the foreign exchange reserves accumulation on the key nominal and real macroeconomic variables (GDP, employment, prices and exchange rates) in BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China). VAR model was used to empirically examine the effect of accumulation of foreign exchange reserves on macroeconomic variables. The empirical results in this paper show that after the initial shock of foreign exchange reserves, the exchange rate appreciation occurs, which can be explained by the fact that a higher level of foreign exchange reserves gives investors and rating agencies a lower risk of the country, which can consequently lead to appreciation of the foreign exchange rate. In this way, the price reaction would be neutralized. Consequently, the growth of foreign exchange reserves leads to the growth of economic activity measured by GDP growth.
The Monument that is Epistemology a Proposition for Atheists and Theists as Elucidations of Epistemology in Religion and Theology
Authors: Van Rooyen Johan A.
Published: September 2023

For scholars that are working with epistemology and the importance thereof within the context of the ongoing bickering (fighting/mudslinging) between theist and atheists, or rather between rationality and irrationality of epistemology in theology and religion, may come to view epistemology of religion and theology as a monument from where a better belief system (as an incentive) can have a better effect on the current faith systems. Therefore, the Judeo-Christian-Islamic language games should be able to form this massive, sovereign metaphysical game. This affirmation should follow the historical fact of any metaphysical promise so that such a religious custom, should suggest that not only the Judo-Christian-Islamic language games, yet, all relevant creative queries should also be evaluated as components of the single game, with a solitary position of a decree and therefore all seven headings used in this article are relevant. The author is in a short discussion with Peter Forrest regarding his article Epistemology of Religion (2021) in establishing a positive outlook on how different views on the epistemology of religion and theology may surpass scholars which can expand and then better the current integrity-base epistemology of theology and religions.

Intra/interdisciplinary methodology

This affirmation, therefore, focuses on queries such as, ‘is it epistemologically sustainable for sapiens to believe in a God’? Is it epistemologically sustainable for sapiens to believe in the Trinity? Or ‘is it epistemologically sustainable that sapiens can be an embodiment of a Deity’? It overlooks such queries as if this belief estimates a consciousness that is empirical and therefore scientific.

Moreover, this affirmation also tries to understand the bickering amongst rational idealists and mystics from the context of post-foundationalism who want to explain that faith or belief is not intended and thus it is not a planned commodity, rather it is an epistemological evolutionary process. Notwithstanding that this has a connection to the epistemology of theology and religion they are also the predominant subject matters in natural epistemology. This brings me to the introduction of this article where the purpose is elucidated.
Mpu Kuturan dalam Teks Tutur
Authors: Ardiyasa I Nyoman Suka
Published: September 2023

Manuscripts that mention Mpu Kuturan are found in various genres, such as speech texts, babad, usadha, kalpasastra, and inscription texts. The purpose of writing this scientific article is to explain in depth about the character Mpu Kuturan contained in the text Tutur of the Gedong Kirtya Singaraja collection. The analysis was carried out using a qualitative text method approach, also known as text interpretation research. The results of the research conducted obtained information that Mpu Kuturan, as a religious figure, had revitalized the Besakih temple and also taught the teachings of the Purana Tatwa, the Dewa Tatwa, the Widhisastra, Kusumadewa, Padma Bhuwana Prakempa, and Tingkahin Angwangun Kahyangan. Meanwhile, the ideology of Mpu Kuturan as an architect was found in Mpu Kuturan's thoughts on managing and perfecting the Besakih area, designing the establishment of Depangih méru, and managing palemahan with the concept of catur loka pala.
A Study of Gender Difference of Using Taboo Words in The Euphoria Series
Authors: Dwijayani Ni Made , Beratha Ni Luh Sutjiati , Sukarini Ni Wayan
Published: September 2023

Taboo word is a forbidden word to use in any situation because it can cause discomfort to others, however taboo word can easily be spotted in everyday conversation. With that phenomenon, the analysis is conducted to investigate the use of taboo words and identify the difference between women and men character with the theory from Jay to categorize type of taboo words and a theory from Coates and Lakoff to examine how men and women speak differently. This study used the Euphoria series as a main source of the study due to the popularity of this series among young generation. The findings reveal that out of 229 collected data, ten different categories of taboo words exist in this series which are cursing (17,03%), followed by profanity (8,73%), blasphemy (0,44%), taboo (3,95%), obscenity (8,73%), slang (10,48%), epithet (21,40%), insult and slur (17,47%), and finally scatology (0,87%) and also the difference between women and men in using taboo words. .
Aizuchi Sebagai Penanda Penyangkalan pada Film Hotaru No Hoka
Authors: Putra Gema Sukana , Dian Andriyani Anak Agung Ayu , Debora Aritonang Betty
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini membahas aizuchi sebagai penanda penyangkalan pada dialog antar tokoh dalam film Hotaru No Haka. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kajian sosiolingustik Chaer dan teori aizuchi dari Horiguchi dan Sakamoto. Metode dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode simak catat, yaitu dengan menyimak objek berupa dialog yang menggunakan aizuchi sebagai penanda penyangakalan pada film Hotaru No Haka. Setelah itu mencatat kata atau kalimat yang terdapat pada objek penelitian. Metode untuk digunakan untuk menganalisis data yaitu, metode analisis kualitatif. Metode dan teknik penyajian hasil analisis data menggunakan metode informal. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini terdapat empat aizuchi yang termasuk termasuk sebagai penanda penyangkalan atas tuturan terhadap penutur atau respon yang diberikan untuk tidak menyetujui isi tuturan dalam percakapan, yaitu. Pertama aizuchi “iie” dialog yang dilakukan oleh tokoh Seita dengan Setsuko.  Kedua aizuchi “yo” merupakan dialog yang dilakukan oleh Bibi dengan Seita. Ketiga aizuchi “deshou” merupakan dialog yang dilakukan oleh Setsuko dengan Bibi. Keempat aizuchi “maa” yang merupakan dialog antara Dokter dengan Seita.