bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resolving an apparent discrepancy between theory and experiment: spin–spin coupling constants for FCCF
Authors: Del Bene Janet E. , Provasi Patricio F. , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José
Published: September 2008

Ab initio equation of motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM–CCSD) and second‐order polarization propagator approximation (SOPPA) calculations have been performed to evaluate spin–spin coupling constants for FCCF (difluoroethyne). The computed EOM‐CCSD value of 3J(FF) obtained at the experimental geometry of this molecule supports the previously reported experimental value of 2.1 Hz, thereby resolving an apparent discrepancy between theory and experiment. This coupling constant exhibits a strong dependence on the CC and CF distances, and its small positive value results from a sensitive balance of paramagnetic spin‐orbit (PSO) and spin‐dipole (SD) terms. The three other unique FCCF coupling constants 1J(CC), 1J(CF), and 2J(CF) have also been reported and compared with experimental data. While 1J(CF) is in agreement with experiment, the computed value of 2J(CF) is larger than our estimate of the experimental coupling constant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐frequency improved constant amplitude pulses for broadband inversion
Authors: Brown Douglas
Published: September 2008

Optimization of constant amplitude broadband inversion pulses for maximum inversion over a range of multiple fields yields more regular pulses with better tolerance to B1 errors than those optimized for a single field. These multi‐frequency improved constant amplitude (MICA) pulses as constructed for 13C broadband inversion give best results for HMQC and especially HSQC type experiments. Most of the advantages of MICA pulses versus other inversion pulses in these experiments can be attributed to their relatively short durations. Linearly truncated versions of these pulses do not offer any advantage over MICA pulses for these applications. MICA inversion pulses can also be used for decoupling and a 13C decoupling example gives twice the decoupling bandwidth as the GARP1 sequence at the same power level with no appreciable increase in decoupling sidebands. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Layer‐specific anatomical, physiological and functional MRI of the retina
Authors: Duong Timothy Q. , Pardue Machelle T. , Thulé Peter M. , Olson Darin E. , Cheng Haiying , Nair Govind , Li Yingxia , Kim Moon , Zhang Xiaodong , Shen Qiang
Published: September 2008

Most retinal imaging has been performed using optical techniques. This paper reviews alternative retinal imaging methods based on MRI performed with spatial resolution sufficient to resolve multiple well‐defined retinal layers. The development of these MRI technologies to study retinal anatomy, physiology (blood flow, blood volume, and oxygenation) and function, and their applications to the study of normal retinas, retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy in animal models are discussed. Although the spatiotemporal resolution of MRI is poorer than that of optical imaging techniques, it is unhampered by media opacity and can thus image all retinal and pararetinal structures, and has the potential to provide multiple unique clinically relevant data in a single setting and could thus complement existing retinal imaging techniques. In turn, the highly structured retina with well‐defined layers is an excellent model for advancing emerging high‐resolution anatomical, physiological and functional MRI technologies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second trimester amniotic fluid annexin A5 levels and subsequent development of intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Dundar Ozgur , Yoruk Pınar , Tutuncu Levent , Muhcu Murat , Ipcioglu Osman , Ergur Ali Rustu , Mungen Ercument
Published: September 2008

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of annexin A5 in second trimester amniotic fluid, and evaluate its correlation with subsequent development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Method

A total of 264 women undergoing mid‐trimester amniocentesis between January 2007 and December 2007 were enrolled for the study. Amniocentesis was performed for routine indications. After delivery, outcome data were obtained.

Results

Maternal age, frequency of nulliparity, fetal sex and gestational week at amniocentesis were similar between groups. As expected, prevalence of smoking was higher in IUGR developing mothers. Significant positive correlations were present between annexin A5 levels and gestational age at amniocentesis (P = 0.02) and maternal age (P = 0.01). Linear regression analysis revealed that annexin A5 levels were positively correlated with patient's age. Smoking women had significantly lower annexin A5 levels in the mid‐trimester amniotic fluid (9.9 ± 2.3 and 10.7 ± 1.3 ng/mL, P = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that after controlling for gestational age at amniocentesis, smoking, maternal age, and maternal hypertension, annexin A5 was not significantly associated with IUGR (P = 0.07).

Conclusion

Amniotic fluid annexin A5 levels in the mid‐trimester are not associated with IUGR at birth after controlling for maternal smoking and other confounders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of transcervical hysterofetoscopy and cord blood collection at first trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormalities
Authors: Chan B. C. , Hui P. W. , Leung W. C. , Leung K. Y. , Pun T. C. , Lee C. P.
Published: September 2008

Objective

To examine the applicability of hysterofetoscopy and cord blood collection at first trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormalities.

Methods

From 2004 to 2007, transcervical hysterofetoscopy was performed in seven patients at the same operation setting of surgical termination of pregnancy. The findings were compared with prenatal diagnosis. Feasibility of cord blood collection was also examined.

Results

Out of these seven patients, six of them had prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of cystic hygroma. All of them had chromosomal abnormalities. Subcutaneous oedema was confirmed by hysterofetoscopy with good view. Another pregnancy was complicated by homozygous alpha thalassaemia and the diagnosis was confirmed by electrophoresis of fetal haemoglobin collected from umbilical cord vessel. Cord blood collection was also attempted in two other patients yielding fetal blood with minimal maternal contamination.

Conclusion

Transcervical hysterofetoscopy is a feasible tool in confirming external fetal structural abnormalities before surgical termination of pregnancy. It can be performed under either general anaesthesia or conscious sedation. Umbilical cord blood collection can facilitate confirmation of genetic diseases. It may also allow the potential of isolating fetal mesenchymal stem cell in first trimester. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of organically modified clay loading on rate and extent of cure in an epoxy nanocomposite system
Authors: Ingram Sharon E , Pethrick Richard A , Liggat John J
Published: September 2008

BACKGROUND: Cloisite 30B was added to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F and cured with diaminodiphenylsulfone to investigate how the organoclay influenced the extent of cure.

RESULTS: A substantial increase in the extent of cure was found with the addition of Cloisite 30B, when lower cure temperatures were employed. Cloisite 30B at 2 wt% resulted in a 40 °C increase in glass transition temperature and an increase in the magnitude of the bending modulus even though a high level of intercalated material was detected.

CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that the addition of Cloisite 30B to the epoxy system increased the level of cure in the polymer, and was particularly prominent at low cure temperatures. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
A gel‐free MS‐based quantitative proteomic approach accurately measures cytochrome P450 protein concentrations in human liver microsomes
Authors: Wang Michael Zhuo , Wu Judy Qiju , Dennison Jennifer B. , Bridges Arlene S. , Hall Stephen D. , Kornbluth Sally , Tidwell Richard R. , Smith Philip C. , Voyksner Robert D. , Paine Mary F. , Hall James Edwin
Published: September 2008

The human cytochrome P450 (P450) superfamily consists of membrane‐bound proteins that metabolize a myriad of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Quantification of P450 expression in various tissues under normal and induced conditions has an important role in drug safety and efficacy. Conventional immunoquantification methods have poor dynamic range, low throughput, and a limited number of specific antibodies. Recent advances in MS‐based quantitative proteomics enable absolute protein quantification in a complex biological mixture. We have developed a gel‐free MS‐based protein quantification strategy to quantify CYP3A enzymes in human liver microsomes (HLM). Recombinant protein‐derived proteotypic peptides and synthetic stable isotope‐labeled proteotypic peptides were used as calibration standards and internal standards, respectively. The lower limit of quantification was ˜20 fmol P450. In two separate panels of HLM examined (n= 11 andn= 22), CYP3A, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 concentrations were determined reproducibly (CV ≤27%). The MS‐based method strongly correlated with the immunoquantification method (r2≥0.87) and marker activities (r2≥0.88), including testosterone 6β‐hydroxylation (CYP3A), midazolam 1′‐hydroxylation (CYP3A), itraconazole 6‐hydroxylation (CYP3A4) and CYP3A5‐mediated vincristine M1 formation (CYP3A5). Taken together, our MS‐based method provides a specific, sensitive and reliable means of P450 protein quantification and should facilitate P450 characterization during drug development, especially when specific substrates and/or antibodies are unavailable.
2D‐ and 3D‐microstructured biodegradable polyester resins
Authors: Vaida Cristian , Mela Petra , Keul Helmut , Möller Martin
Published: September 2008

Biodegradable polyester resins were prepared via photo crosslinking of functional polyesters obtained by copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone and the functional cyclic esters γ‐acryloyloxy‐ε‐caprolactone (ACL) and γ‐methacryloyloxy‐ε‐caprolactone (MCL). The cyclic esters were prepared via Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation of the corresponding 4‐acyloyloxy‐cyclohexanone derivatives. Copolymers with different content of either acryloyloxy or methacryloyloxy functional groups were prepared via catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of γ‐acyloyloxy‐ε‐caprolactones and ε‐caprolactone using Al(OiPr)3 as catalyst and initiator. 2D‐ and 3D‐micropatterning of the copolymers was performed via UV‐crosslinking of polymer films on a suitable substrate and by UV replica molding on both rigid and elastic masters, showing the processability of these novel functional polyesters and their potential as substrates for biomedical devices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6789–6800, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of polycholesteryl methacrylate–polyhydroxyethyl methyacrylate block copolymers
Authors: Zhou Yuxiang , Kasi Rajeswari M.
Published: September 2008

We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of novel diblock copolymers, poly(cholesteryl methacrylate‐b‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PCMA‐b‐PHEMA). Monomers, cholesteryl methacrylate (CMA) and 2‐(trimethylsiloxy)ethyl methacrylate (HEMA‐TMS), were prepared from methyacryloyl chloride and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, respectively. Homopolymers of CMA, PCMA, with well‐defined molecular weights and polydispersity indices (PDI), were prepared by reversible addition fragmentation and chain transfer (RAFT) method. Precursor diblock copolymers, PCMA‐b‐P(HEMA‐TMS), were synthesized using PCMA as macromolecular chain transfer agent and monomer, HEMA‐TMS. Product diblock copolymers, PCMA‐b‐PHEMA, were prepared by deprotecting trimethylsilyl units in the precursor diblock copolymers using acid catalysts. Detailed molecular characterization of the precursor diblock copolymers, PCMA‐b‐P(HEMA‐TMS), and the product diblock copolymers, PCMA‐b‐PHEMA, confirmed the composition and structure of these polymers. This versatile synthetic strategy can be used to prepare new amphiphilic block copolymers with cholesterol in one block and hydrogen‐bonding moieties in the second block. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6801–6809, 2008
Alternating copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide catalyzed by noncyclopentadienyl rare‐earth metal bis(alkyl) complexes
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Cui Dongmei , Liu Xinli
Published: September 2008

The syntheses of several dialkyl complexes based on rare‐earth metal were described. Three β‐diimine compounds with varying N‐aryl substituents (HL1=(2‐CH3O(C6H4))NC(CH3)CHC(CH3)NH(2‐CH3O(C6H4)), HL2 = (2,4,6‐(CH3)3 (C6H2))NC(CH3)CHC(CH3)NH(2,4,6‐(CH3)3(C6H2)), HL3 = PhNC(CH3)CH(CH3) NHPh) were treated with Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 to give dialkyl complexes L1Ln (CH2SiMe3)2 (Ln = Y (1a), Lu (1b), Sc (1c)), L2Ln(CH2SiMe3)2(THF) (Ln = Y (2a), Lu (2b)), and L3Lu(CH2SiMe3)2(THF) (3). All these complexes were applied to the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and carbon dioxide as single‐component catalysts. Systematic investigation revealed that the central metal with larger radii and less steric bulkiness were beneficial for the copolymerization of CHO and CO2. Thus, methoxy‐modified β‐diiminato yttrium bis(alkyl) complex 1a, L1Y(CH2SiMe3)2, was identified as the optimal catalyst, which converted CHO and CO2 to polycarbonate with a TOF of 47.4 h−1 in 1,4‐dioxane under a 15 bar of CO2 atmosphere (Tp=130 °C), representing the highest catalytic activity achieved by rare‐earth metal catalyst. The resultant copolymer contained high carbonate linkages (>99%) with molar mass up to 1.9 × 104 as well as narrow molar mass distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.7). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6810–6818, 2008
Hydrogen‐transfer reaction in nitroxide mediated polymerization of methyl methacrylate: 2,2‐Diphenyl‐3‐phenylimino‐2,3‐dihydroindol‐1‐yloxyl nitroxide (DPAIO) vs. TEMPO
Authors: Edeleva Maria , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Bertin Denis , Gigmes Didier , Guillaneuf Yohann , Morozov Sergey V. , Bagryanskaya Elena G.
Published: September 2008

In a recent article, we have showed that the nitroxide mediated polymerization of methyl methacrylate was possible up to 80% conversion for reasonable masses Mn = 60,000 g mol−1 when 2,2‐diphenyl‐3‐phenylimino‐2,3‐dihydroindol‐1‐yloxyl nitroxide (DPAIO) was used as control agent. We have claimed that the success of this experiment relied on the absence of H‐transfer reaction both in the alkoxyamine and between alkyl and nitroxyl radical. In this article, the decomposition of 4‐nitrophenyl 2‐(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐yloxy)‐2‐methylpropionate (1a) and 4‐nitrophenyl 2‐(2,2‐diphenyl‐3‐phenylimino‐2,3‐dihydroindol‐1‐yloxy)‐2‐methylpropanoate (2a) has been studied by 1H NMR in the presence and in the absence (persistent radical effect condition) of scavenger (thiophenol PhSH). At temperature lower than the one used for polymerization, fast and quantitative H‐transfer reaction was observed for 1a whereas no H‐transfer reaction was observed for 2a. The scavenging technique proved for the first time that the H‐transfer was an intermolecular process for 1a. However, the slow side‐reaction of NOC bond homolysis, which did not impede the control of the polymerization but may exert a detrimental effect on the livingness, was observed and quantified for 2a. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6828–6842, 2008
A new enone‐containing triglyceride derivative as precursor of thermosets from renewable resources
Authors: Montero de Espinosa L. , Ronda J. C. , Galià M. , Cádiz V.
Published: September 2008

A novel triglyceride containing α,β‐unsaturated ketone was prepared through photoperoxidation from high oleic sunflower oil by two steps one pot environmentally friendly procedure. This new enone‐containing triglyceride was crosslinked with diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) via aza‐Michael addition. A kinetic study of the reaction of p‐toluidine with either enone‐containing methyl oleate or epoxidized methyl oleate, as model compounds, allowed us to establish the higher reactivity of the former, thus confirming this curing system as an alternative to amine‐cured epoxidized vegetable oils. The thermal properties of thermosets from enone‐ and epoxy‐containing triglycerides with DDM have been evaluated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6843–6850, 2008
Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of a modified linseed oil with varying levels of crosslinking
Authors: Mauldin T. C. , Haman K. , Sheng X. , Henna P. , Larock R. C. , Kessler M. R.
Published: September 2008

A commercial norbornyl‐functionalized linseed oil, blended with a bicyclic norbornene‐based crosslinking agent (at loadings ranging from 0 to 50 wt %) undergoes ring‐opening metathesis polymerization with the 1st generation Grubbs' catalyst to form a biorenewable polymer network. Comonomers are characterized, the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured systems are investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermal decomposition is evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The resin is shown to consist of a modified linseed oil and small oligomers of cyclopentadiene. Broad tan δ peaks suggest inhomogeneous phase morphologies, which result in complex crosslinking behaviors. The thermal stability of the polymers increases with increasing crosslinker content. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6851–6860, 2008
Resistive switching polymer materials based on poly(aryl ether)s containing triphenylamine and 1,2,4‐triazole moieties
Authors: Wang Kun‐Li , Tseng Tseung‐Yuen , Tsai Hung‐Lung , Wu Sheng‐Chieh
Published: September 2008

A series of poly(aryl ether)s were successfully prepared via aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction from various bisphenols and a novel bipolar aryl difluoride monomer containing electron‐donor triphenylamine and electron‐acceptor 1,2,4‐triazole moieties. The poly(aryl ether)s exhibited excellent solubility in organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The poly(aryl ether)s showed high thermal stability with Td10 higher than 500 °C and glass transition temperatures (Tg) higher than 187 °C. The thin films of the poly(aryl ether)s indicated bistable resistive switching behavior with ON/OFF current ratios as high as 103. The switching on and switching off bias voltages of the poly(aryl ether)s were affected by the bisphenol moiety. The good resistive switching behavior of the poly(aryl ether)s made them promising candidates for future nonvolatile memory applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6861–6871, 2008
Identification of secreted glycoproteins of human prostate and bladder stromal cells by comparative quantitative proteomics
Authors: Goo Young Ah , Liu Alvin Y. , Ryu Soyoung , Shaffer Scott A. , Malmström Lars , Page Laura , Nguyen Liem T. , Doneanu Catalin E. , Goodlett David R.
Published: September 2008

BACKGROUND

Functional development of the prostate is governed by stromal mesenchyme induction and epithelial response. Stromal/epithelial signaling can be mediated through direct cell–cell contact and diffusible factors and their cell surface receptors. These inducers are likely secreted or membrane‐associated extracellular proteins. Given the importance of intercellular communication, it is possible that diseases like cancer could arise from a loss of this communication. One approach to gain a molecular understanding of stromal cells is to identify, as a first step, secreted stromal signaling factors. We proposed to do this by comparative analysis between bladder and prostate.

METHODS

Secreted proteins were identified from cultured normal prostate and bladder stromal mesenchyme cells by glycopeptide‐capture method followed by mass spectrometry. Differences in protein abundance between prostate and bladder were quantified from calculated peptide ion current area (PICA) followed by Western validation. Functional and pathway analyses of the proteins were carried out by Gene Ontology (GO) and Teranode software.

RESULTS

This analysis produced a list of 116 prostate and 84 bladder secreted glycoproteins with ProteinProphet probability scores ≥0.9. Stromal proteins upregulated in the prostate include cathepsin L, follistatin‐related protein, neuroendocrine convertase, tumor necrosis factor receptor, and others that are known to be involved in signal transduction, extracellular matrix interaction, differentiation and transport.

CONCLUSIONS

We have identified a number of potential proteins for stromal signaling and bladder or prostate differentiation program. The prostate stromal/epithelial signaling may be accomplished through activation of the ECM–receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, focal adhesion and cell adhesion pathways. Prostate 69: 49–61, 2009. © 2008 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
DVT: current approaches to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Sprigg Nikola , Machili Chipulwa , Robinson Thompson
Published: September 2008

Our series Prescribing in older people gives practical advice for successful management of the special problems experienced by this patient group. Here, the authors describe the management of deep vein thrombosis. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Who can give consent to treatment on behalf of a child?
Authors: Lopez Tony
Published: September 2008

Our series Prescribing in children gives practical advice for childhood problems in general practice. Here, the author explains, using case histories, who can consent on behalf of a child and under what circumstances. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Special Issue in Clinical Information Systems Security
Authors: Stergiou Theodore , Delivasilis Dimitrios , Leeson Mark S. , Huang Ray Yueh‐Min
Published: September 2008

Managing patient care records has become an increasingly complex issue with the widespread use of advanced technologies. The vast amount of information for every routine care procedure must be securely processed within different databases. Clinical information systems (CIS) address the need for a computerized approach in managing personal health information. Hospitals and public or private health insurance organizations are continuously upgrading their database and data management systems to more sophisticated architectures. The possible support of today's large patient archives and the flexibility of a CIS in providing up‐to‐date patient information and worldwide doctors' collaboration, has leveraged research on CIS in both the academic and the government domains. At the same time, it has become apparent that patients require more control over their clinical data, these being either the results of clinical examinations or medical histories. Due to the large amount of information that can be found on the Internet and the free access to medical practitioners and hospitals worldwide, patients may choose to communicate their information so as to obtain several expert opinions regarding their conditions. Given the sensitive nature of the information stored and inevitably in transit, security has become an issue of outmost necessity. Numerous EU and US research projects have been launched to address security in CIS (e.g., EUROMED, ISHTAR, and RESHEN), whereas regulatory compliance to acts such as the HIPAA has become an obligation for centers moving to CIS. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comprehensive solution for application‐level adaptation
Authors: Geihs K. , Barone P. , Eliassen F. , Floch J. , Fricke R. , Gjorven E. , Hallsteinsen S. , Horn G. , Khan M. U. , Mamelli A. , Papadopoulos G. A. , Paspallis N. , Reichle R. , Stav E.
Published: September 2008

Driven by the emergence of mobile and pervasive computing there is a growing demand for context‐aware software systems that can dynamically adapt to their run‐time environment. We present the results of project MADAM that has delivered a comprehensive solution for the development and operation of context‐aware, self‐adaptive applications. The main contributions of MADAM are (a) a sophisticated middleware that supports the dynamic adaptation of component‐based applications, and (b) an innovative model‐driven development methodology that is based on abstract adaptation models and corresponding model‐to‐code transformations. MADAM has demonstrated the viability of a general, integrated approach to application‐level adaptation. We discuss our experiences with two real‐world case studies that were built using the MADAM approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ovarian hyperthecosis on grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Rousset P. , Gompel A. , Christin‐Maitre S. , Pugeat M. , Hugol D. , Ghossain M. A. , Buy J.‐N.
Published: September 2008

Objectives

To describe the grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound findings in women with ovarian hyperthecosis.

Methods

In a retrospective study, we reviewed the findings on ultrasound examination of the ovaries in 10 patients with proven hyperthecosis. Clinical features had been recorded and testosterone levels measured in all cases. The ovaries had been examined using grayscale ultrasound in all patients and color Doppler in six patients. Bilateral stromal hyperthecosis had been pathologically confirmed in all patients.

Results

The clinical features were polymorphic, with symptoms of virilization in four patients. Type 2 diabetes was present in four patients. Testosterone levels were greater than 2 ng/mL in four patients. On grayscale ultrasound examination, the ovaries were normal in two patients but showed bilateral abnormalities in eight; both ovaries were increased in size in seven patients and had a round shape in two patients, the ovary being both increased in size and round in shape in one of these patients. A very peculiar nodular stromal pattern was observed in two out of 10 patients, while a homogeneous stromal pattern was observed in eight patients. On color Doppler, performed in six patients, no areas of hypervascularization were observed.

Conclusion

Findings on grayscale ultrasonography and on color Doppler examination, in association with clinical and biological findings, are useful in the diagnosis of ovarian hyperthecosis and in ruling out the presence of an androgen‐secreting tumor. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of intrathoracic liver herniation by magnetic resonance imaging and prediction of postnatal survival in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Cannie M. , Jani J. , Chaffiotte C. , Vaast P. , Deruelle P. , Houfflin‐Debarge V. , Dymarkowski S. , Deprest J.
Published: September 2008

Objective

To quantify the degree of intrathoracic liver herniation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluate its effect on postnatal survival in fetuses with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods

Forty fetuses that were expectantly managed and that were delivered after 32 weeks' gestation were included in this study. On axial T2 weighted MR images the degree of intrathoracic liver herniation was measured by volumetry, using the xyphoid process and thoracic apex as landmarks. The ratio of the volume of the liver that was herniated into the thoracic cavity to the volume of the thoracic cavity was calculated (LiTR). All the fetuses also underwent lung volumetry, and the ratio of the observed/expected total fetal lung volume (o/e TFLV) was calculated. Regression analysis was used to investigate the effect on survival of side of occurrence of CDH, o/e TFLV, LiTR and gestational age at delivery. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves were constructed to examine the prediction of survival by o/e TFLV or LiTR alone and o/e TFLV and LiTR together.

Results

Univariate regression analysis demonstrated that significant predictors of survival were o/e TFLV and LiTR. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that o/e TFLV and LiTR provided independent prediction of survival. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the prediction of postnatal survival from o/e TFLV alone was 0.846 (P < 0.001; SE = 0.062) and the AUC from LiTR alone was 0.875 (P = 0.001; SE = 0.072). The AUC for the prediction of postnatal survival from o/e TFLV and LiTR combined was 0.912 (P < 0.001; SE = 0.045), however it was not statistically significantly different from that of o/e TFLV alone.

Conclusion

In expectantly managed CDH fetuses, assessment of LiTR using MRI provided prediction of postnatal survival independently from o/e TFLV. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobility enhanced localization in outdoor environments
Authors: Liu Dawei , Lee Moon‐Chuen
Published: September 2008

There is recently an increasing interest in applications based on localization of mobile objects in outdoor environment. Many existing localization solutions rely primarily on a hybrid wireless network/dead reckoning (DR) scheme, as the regular wireless network can hardly estimate a position with satisfactory accuracy in bad channel conditions. However, the DR can involve considerable hardware investments and operating costs, moreover, it suffers from serious error accumulations in motion measurements of the object.

To remedy drawbacks of the hybrid scheme, we present a mobility enhanced localization (MEL), in which the mobile object serves as a pseudo beacon. The proposed scheme enables network localization in those areas where traditional wireless networks may not work, and thus, avoids large investments the special hardware cost and error accumulations of DR. We further propose a weighted preprocessing method for classical localization algorithms, since theoretical analysis shows that they fail to consider some boundary conditions. Extensive real world Global Positioning System (GPS) experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed MEL scheme. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preoperative Assessment of the Risk Factors that Help to Predict the Prognosis After Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Yoshida Ryuichi , Iwamoto Takayuki , Yagi Takahito , Sato Daisuke , Umeda Yuzo , Mizuno Kenji , Shinoura Susumu , Matsukawa Hiroyoshi , Matsuda Hiroaki , Sadamori Hiroshi , Tanaka Noriaki
Published: September 2008

Background

The purpose of this study was to analyze various risk factors and to assess the preoperative risk score, which can predict the prognosis after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Methods

From February 2002 to August 2007, 84 adult to adult living donor liver transplantation donors and recipients were analyzed. First, the donor, recipient, and intraoperative factors were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. We then gave a score of one point for each significant marginal factor (total point scores were called “risk score”) and each risk score was examined by univariate analyses.

Results

Recipients with the donor age 50 years or older, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (≥21), and hepatitis C virus‐positive status had a significantly poor survival. Recipients between the risk score of 0 vs. scores of 2 + 3 (p < 0.001, log‐rank) and risk score of 1 vs. scores of 2 + 3 (p = 0.003, log‐rank) had significantly different survival.

Conclusions

Preoperative assessment of the risk score might help to predict recipient outcomes after living donor liver transplantation.
Investigation of Substrate Binding and Product Stereochemistry Issues in Two Linoleate 9‐Lipoxygenases
Authors: Boeglin William E. , Itoh Aya , Zheng Yuxiang , Coffa Gianguido , Howe Gregg A. , Brash Alan R.
Published: September 2008

Herein we characterize the Arabidopsis thaliana AtLOX1 and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) LOXA proteins as linoleate 9S‐lipoxygenases (9‐LOX), and use the enzymes to test a model that predicts a relationship between substrate binding orientation and product stereochemistry. The cDNAs were heterologously expressed in E. coli and the proteins partially purified by nickel affinity chromatography using a N‐terminal (His)6‐tag. Both enzymes oxygenated linoleic acid almost exclusively to the 9S‐hydroperoxide with turnover numbers of 300–400/s. AtLOX1 showed a broad range of activity over the range pH 5–9 (optimal at pH 6); tomato LOXA also showed optimal activity around pH 5–7 dropping off more sharply at pH 9. Site‐directed mutagenesis of a conserved active site Ala (Ala562 in AtLOX1, Ala 564 in tomato LOXA, and typically conserved as Ala in S‐LOX and Gly in R‐LOX), revealed that substitution with Gly led to the production of a mixture of 9S‐ and 13R‐hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids from linoleic acid. To follow up on earlier reports of 9‐LOX metabolism of anandamide (van Zadelhoff et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 248:33–38, 1998), we also tested this substrate with the mutants, which produced predictable shifts in product profile, including a shift from the prominent 11S‐hydroperoxy derivative of wild‐type to include the 15R‐hydroperoxide. These results conform to a model that predicts a head‐first substrate binding orientation for 9S‐LOX. We also found that linoleoyl‐phosphatidylcholine is not a 9S‐LOX substrate, which is consistent with this conclusion.
Plasma Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Response to a Fish Oil Supplement in the Healthy Elderly
Authors: Vandal Milène , Freemantle Erika , Tremblay‐Mercier Jennifer , Plourde Mélanie , Fortier Mélanie , Bruneau Joannie , Gagnon Johannie , Bégin Michel , Cunnane Stephen C.
Published: September 2008

Little information is available concerning whether incorporation of dietary omega‐3 fatty acids into plasma lipids changes during healthy aging. Elderly (74 ± 4 years old) and young (24 ± 2 years old) adults were given a fish oil supplement for 3 weeks that provided 680 mg/day of docosahexaenoic acid and 320 mg/day of eicosapentaenoic acid, followed by a 2 week wash‐out period. Compliance was monitored by spiking the capsules with carbon‐13 glucose, the excretion of which was measured in breath CO2. In response to the supplement, plasma docosahexaenoic acid rose 42% more in the elderly but eicosapentaenoic responded similarly in both groups. Despite raising docosahexaenoic acid intake by five to tenfold, the supplement did not raise plasma free docosahexaenoic acid (% or mg/dL) in either group. We conclude that healthy aging is accompanied by subtle but significant changes in DHA incorporation into plasma lipids.
Reconstruction of elbow flexion in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita type I. Part I: Surgical anatomy and vascular and nerve supply of the pectoralis major muscle as a basis for muscle transfer
Authors: Chomiak Jiri , Dungl Pavel
Published: September 2008

Purpose

The anatomy and neurovascular supply of the pectoralis major muscle was studied in order to establish the safe and functional muscle transfer for the reconstruction of elbow flexion in patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC).

Methods

Twenty pectoralis major muscles were dissected in 11 adult cadavers. The distribution of the motor end plates was studied in five pectoralis major muscles in foetuses by the detection of esterases.

Results

The pectoralis major muscle consists of clavicular, manubrial, sternocostal, costal and abdominal parts. Each part has a distinct vascular and nerve supply. The motor nerves arise from the medial and lateral pectoral nerves. The motor end plates are localised in one zone in the clavicular and manubrial parts and in two oblique zones in the distal parts of the muscle. In 15 cases, each of the muscle parts were supplied by one nerve branch. In four cases, six nerves were distinguished and the clavicular part was supplied by two nerves. In one case, four nerves were found, with the clavicular and manubrial parts supplied by one common nerve. Three branches (13 cases) or two arterial branches (seven cases) supplied the muscle, arising from thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries, respectively. The superior branch supplied the clavicular and manubrial parts, whereas the dominant pectoral branch supplied the manubrial, sternocostal and costal parts of the muscle. The inferior branch of the lateral thoracic artery supplied the abdominal part in 13 cases. In seven cases, the inferior branch failed and the abdominal part was supplied from the dominant branch.

Conclusion

This study presents guidelines for the transfer of the distal parts of the pectoralis major muscle for the reconstruction of elbow flexion. The sternocostal, costal and abdominal parts of the muscle can be released as a unit from the chest wall after dissection between the second and third rib and be transferred to the brachium. They are sufficiently supplied from the dominant pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery in all cases and inconstantly from the inferior branch of the lateral thoracic artery and from three motor nerves.
Neoliberal reforms, currency pegs and crisis in Mexico and Argentina
Authors: Felder Ruth , Muñoz Martinez Hepzibah
Published: September 2008

This article argues that exchange rate regimes established by the Mexican peso currency band and the Argentinean Convertibility Plan were key dimensions of the political strategies of neoliberal structural reform through which discipline was imposed on workers and the state. By subordinating wage struggles and state spending to the maintaining of currency pegs, the stabilisation programmes helped to redefine the balances between capital and labour and the conditions of integration of each country within the global economy. This in turn allows for an understanding of the performance of the managed exchange regimes in each country and the states’ divergent economic responses to their exhaustion.
Labour market deregulation and the decline of labour power in North America and Western Europe
Authors: Peters John
Published: September 2008

The goal of this article is to provide a critical evaluation of what has happened to organized labour and labour markets since 1980. It examines the impacts of labour market deregulation on wage share and pay standardization. It also explores how recent economic changes have weakened organized labour and eroded wage setting and social corporatism. The argument is made that contemporary institutional and ‘Varieties of Capitalism’ perspectives on labour market reform have overstated the power of states, institutions, and organized interests in deflecting global economic pressures. Drawing on a range of recent OECD statistics and qualitative studies, it is claimed that current labour deregulation policies and labour market reforms mark a fundamental break with post-war developments, and represent a reassertion of the power of capital ownership over organized labour and labour markets across North America and Western Europe. It assesses how far this reversal in power has gone by focusing on changes in four key variables: (i) job quality, (ii) wage share, (iii) pay standardization and income equality, and (iv) the effectiveness of wage setting institutions in allowing unions to bring bargaining pressure on capital. This is the first study to report on comparative changes and qualitative reforms to these labour market variables in 13 OECD countries between 1970 and the 25-year period 1980–2005.
Dictatorial Institutions and their Impact on Economic Growth
Authors: Gandhi Jennifer
Published: September 2008

Non-democratic regimes vary in the degree to which domestic groups threaten their rule and the extent to which they need the cooperation of these groups. To both neutralize threats to their rule and solicit cooperation, some dictators coopt potential domestic opposition by providing rents and policy concessions within nominally-democratic institutions, such as legislatures and political parties. These institutions, designed as instruments of cooptation, facilitate cooperation between the regime and outside groups which promotes economic growth.
Basque Violence: a Reappraisal of Culturalist Explanations
Authors: Beck Jan Mansvelt , Markusse Jan D.
Published: September 2008

David Laitin has explained the occurrence of Basque and Georgian nationalist
violence as the outcome of language revival in a bilingual setting and a
specific locale. Based on game theory, he has suggested that violence, as a
rational nationalist strategy, will increasingly be used if specific thresholds
levels in language choice for education are met. A critical reappraisal of his
approach is made in which the conceptual and methodological limits to the
empirical testing are highlighted. Subsequently, an extensive dataset of Basque
municipalities in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country is used to
statistically verify Laitin’s model by multivariate analysis. In some
areas of the Basque Country Laitin’s model seems to fit while in
others not. With the help of both quantitative and qualitative data, alternative
explanations for Basque ethnic violence are explored.
Linear recurrences in the degree sequences of monomial mappings
Authors: BEDFORD ERIC , KIM KYOUNGHEE
Published: September 2008

Let A be an integer matrix, and let fA be the associated monomial map. We give a connection between the eigenvalues of A and the existence of a linear recurrence relation in the sequence of degrees.
Long time trends in influenza-like illness and associated determinants in The Netherlands
Authors: DIJKSTRA F. , DONKER G. A. , WILBRINK B. , VAN GAGELDONK-LAFEBER A. B. , VAN DER SANDE M. A. B.
Published: September 2008

We analysed long-term epidemiological trends in influenza-like illness (ILI) in The Netherlands and used an ecological analysis to estimate its relationship with age, influenza vaccination, and virological aspects. This study used data from weekly ILI consultation reports from sentinel general practitioners (1986/1987 to 2006/2007), virological data from sentinel ILI patients (1992/1993 to 2006/2007), and data for influenza vaccine uptake (1991–2005). The incidence of ILI consultations, although varying during the study period, was estimated to decrease in the total population by 12·2/10 000 persons each season (95% CI 8·6–15·9). Uptake of influenza vaccination in people aged ⩾65 years (elderly) increased from 28% in 1991 to >70% since 1997. ILI incidence in the elderly declined by 1·7/10 000 persons (P=0·05) per percentage vaccine uptake per season. The decline in ILI incidence over the last 20 years could be related to the increased vaccine uptake. However, insufficient data were present to assess the impact of other potential contributing factors, such as diminished fitness of influenza viruses and changes in consulting behaviour.
Nosocomial transmission clusters and risk factors inMoraxella catarrhalis
Authors: LEVY F. , LEMAN S. C. , SARUBBI F. A. , WALKER E. S.
Published: September 2008

We report an objective examination of nosocomial transmission events derived from long-term (10-year) data from a single medical centre. Cluster analysis, based on the temporal proximity of genetically identical isolates of the respiratory pathogenMoraxella catarrhalis, identified 40 transmission events involving 33 of the 52 genotypes represented by multiple isolates. There was no evidence of highly transmissible or outbreak-prone genotypes. Although most clusters were small (mean size 3·6 isolates) and of short duration (median duration 25 days), clustering accounted for 38·7% of all isolates. Significant risk factors for clustering were multi-bed wards, and winter and spring season, but bacterial antibiotic resistance, manifested as the ability to produce a β-lactamase was not a risk factor. The use of cluster analysis to identify transmission events and its application to long-term data demonstrate an approach to pathogen transmission that should find wide application beyond hospital populations.
Food insecurity and maternal depression in rural, low-income families: a longitudinal investigation
Authors: Huddleston-Casas Catherine , Charnigo Richard , Simmons Leigh Ann
Published: September 2008

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between household food insecurity and maternal depression in a rural sample to determine whether food insecurity predicted mothers’ depression over time or vice versa.

Design

The study employed a prospective design using three waves of data from ‘Rural Families Speak’, a multi-state study of low-income rural families in the USA. Food insecurity was measured using the Core Food Security Module and depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale. A structural equation model was fit to the data using the AMOS software package.

Setting

Sixteen states in the USA (California, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, West Virginia, Wyoming) between 2000 and 2002.

Subjects

Subjects included 413 women with at least one child under the age of 13 years living in the home.

Results

Findings based on the 184 subjects with complete data indicated that the causal relationship between household food insecurity and depression is bidirectional (P = 0·034 for causation from depression to food insecurity, P = 0·003 for causation from food insecurity to depression, χ2/df = 1·835, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0·068, comparative fit index = 0·989). Findings based on all 413 subjects after imputation of missing values also indicated bidirectionality.

Conclusions

The recursive relationship between food insecurity and depression has implications for US nutrition, mental health and poverty policies. The study highlights the need to integrate programmes addressing food insecurity and poor mental health for the population of rural, low-income women.
Effectiveness of fortification of corn flour-derived products with hydrogen-reduced elemental iron on iron-deficiency anaemia in children and adolescents in southern Brazil
Authors: Miglioranza Lúcia HS , Breganó José Wander , Dichi Isaias , Matsuo Tiemi , Dichi Jane Bandeira , Barbosa Décio Sabbatini
Published: September 2008

Objective

To find the ideal combination of Fe fortifier and its food vehicle is an essential measure in developing countries. However, its cost also plays an important role. In the present study, the effect on blood parameter values of corn flour-derived products fortified with powdered elemental Fe in the form of H2-reduced Fe was investigated in children and adolescents.

Methods

One hundred and sixty-two individuals (eighty-six boys and seventy-six girls) from public educational centres in Londrina, Paraná (southern Brazil) participated in the study. Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA) was defined when Hb and serum ferritin values fell below 12 g/dl and 20 μg/l, respectively; Fe deficiency (ID) was considered when serum ferritin was below 20 μg/l.

Results

The prevalence of ID and IDA decreased from 18·0 % and 14·9 %, values found at the beginning of the study, to respectively 5·6 % and 1·2 % after 6 months. Changes from altered to normal values occurred more often than normal to altered values with transferrin saturation (14·2 %v. 6·8 %;P< 0·04) and ferritin (12·4 %v. 0 %;P< 0·001). Hb, transferrin saturation and ferritin showed differences between normal and altered parameters after 6 months (P< 0·001).

Conclusion

A pronounced reduction in the prevalence of ID and IDA was observed in children and adolescents following 6 months’ ingestion of corn flour-derived products enriched with elemental Fe.