bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gels on Estimating the Chemical and Physical Content of Raw and Boiled Chicken Leg Meat
Authors: Thamer Hadi Sara
Published: January 2025

Background:Meat in general and poultry meat in particular have special nutritional importance due to the characteristics they possess, in addition to the fact that preparation methods and additives are of great importance in determining the nutritional value, which is reflected in the desire of the consumer.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of using carrageenan in the boiling process and its effect on the physicochemical properties of chicken fingers made from chicken leg meat.

Materials and Methods: The percentage of total protein was estimated by the Kjeldahl method. were determined by the Soxhlet method using a volatile organic solvent such as hexane. Moisture was determined by drying them in an oven at 105°C until the weight was constant. The ash percentage was estimated by incineration at a temperature of 50-600°C until the weight was stable. Carbohydrates were estimated by constant weight with the rest of the components. The acidity was estimated. Physical tests estimated the separated water by calculating the difference between the weight before and after pressing. The loss in boiling was estimated by calculating before and after boiling the weight difference

Results: Adding carrageenan at a rate of 2.5% reduced fat, protein, and moisture and increased the percentage of ash in the samples before the boiled process. If adding carrageenan leads to a decrease in water loss through the boiling process. If it increases the product’s ability to bind water and carrageens, it increases consumers’ acceptance of the final product.

Conclusion: The results showed a slight significant increase in the percentage of ash, fat, and salt for the boiled and processed samples after adding carrageenan, and a decrease in the protein and acidity percentage for both the raw and boiled samples.
Production of Bread from Composites of Wheat, Maize, and Soybeans Flours
Authors: Jayeola Eniola
Published: January 2025

Bread consumption prepared from solely wheat flour have remained popular in Nigeria. The low protein and fiber content of wheat flour and its associated high cost are the major concerns in its utilization as ingredient in bakery industries.

The use of wheat flour, maize flour and soybeans flour blends in varying proportions for the production of bread was studied. Wheat flour was substituted with maize and soybeans flour in ratios 9:5:5, 8:15:5, 8:10:10, 8:5:15, 7:25:5, 7:20:10, 7:15:15, 7:10:20 while wheat flour bread served as control. The different bread samples were produced and subsequently were analyzed for functional properties, proximate compositions, physical parameters, sensory evaluation, pasting properties and shelf-life studies. The crude protein of the composite bread samples ranged from 8.75% to 29.17%. Sensory properties of the composite bread were significantly (p< 0.05) affected by blending ratio.

(T6) had the highest value compared to other treatments, while (T5 and T8) had the least value and are not significantly different from each other. However, there was significance difference (P≤0.05) among the entire treatments. The bread with blend 70% wheat flour, 20% maize flour and 10% soybean flour was organoleptically preferred as much as that of whole wheat flour and it also has the highest protein value of 29.17%when compared with bread from other treatment. The shelf life study also indicated that all the bread samples can be stored for 5 days before the onset of mould growth.
Impact of Extraction Methods on the Anticancer Potential of Garlic: A Study of White and Black Garlic Extracts
Authors: Ozalp Unal Derya
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers globally, characterized by epithelial transformation and dysregulation. Phytochemicals derived from garlic exhibit anticancer properties by affecting key pathways such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study investigates the effects of maceration and cold extraction methods on the bioactive components, antioxidant activities, and anticancer potentials of white and black garlic extracts.

Black garlic, produced through fermentation, has lower moisture and protein content than white garlic, which is attributed to the Maillard reaction. Black garlic, particularly when extracted using the maceration method, shows higher total phenolic and flavonoid content, indicating increased antioxidant activity. In anticancer assays, black garlic extracts, especially those obtained by cold extraction, demonstrate significant cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells compared to white garlic extracts. The maceration method provides higher phenolic content but shows variable effects on cell viability, while cold extraction is more effective for black garlic.

These findings highlight how extraction methods affect the bioactivity of garlic extracts and underscore the potential of black garlic extracts in cancer prevention and therapy. Optimizing garlic fermentation and extraction processes could enhance health benefits, and future research should aim to improve these processes.
Modeling of Freeze-drying Kinetics for Apple, Banana, and Strawberry
Authors: Irigoyen R. Martin Torrez
Published: January 2025

Fresh apple, banana, and strawberry slices were frozen at -20°C and freeze-dried using a shelf temperature of 40°C. Theoretical expressions were developed to predict vapor transfer kinetics during both sublimation and desorption periods. For sublimation, a model that accounts for the increasing dried layer thickness was employed to predict the sublimation rate as a function of time. This model significantly improves upon the time equation found in literature without adding substantial complexity. For desorption period, an analytical solution of the unsteady-state diffusion equation was applied. Permeabilities were determined for the sublimation drying model at an absolute pressure of approximately 30 Pa. However, the relevant kinetic coefficient combines permeability and the mass of ice to sublime relative to the dry matter (sublimation kinetic coefficient). In the desorption drying model, diffusion coefficients of vapor in the dried layer were on the order of 1×10-9 m²/s for pressures around 3-5 Pa. In both periods, the agreement between predicted and experimental values ​​was highly satisfactory. A minimum freeze-drying time of 12, 6.8, and 8.7 hours, respectively, was calculated for apple, banana, and strawberry, considering a final moisture content of 4% w/w. Normalized drying curves revealed a faster sublimation rate for banana, intermediate for strawberry, and slowest for apple. Conversely, desorption curves showed a faster desorption rate for apple, intermediate for banana, and slower for strawberry. In each period, the order of the relevant kinetic coefficients corresponded to the Arrangement of the experimental curves.
Influence of the Conservation Method on the Postharvest Quality Indicators of Phaseolus vulgaris L
Authors: Orquíde Yaisely
Published: January 2025

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is one of the grains that in Cuba enjoys a long tradition of consumption and demand, being essential in the diet of the people, as an alternative source of proteins and minerals. In this sense, the indicators that determine the quality of these orthodox seeds are of great value for their proper post-harvest conservation, since different properties have a negative impact on this food. The work consisted of determining the influence of the conservation method on the postharvest quality indicators of Phaseolus vulgaris L. The conservation method used was storage in paper-covered envelopes at ambient temperature and relative moisture for 12 months. The study varieties were CUFIG 48, La Cuba 154, CUFIG 110, CUL 156, CUFIG 145, Delicias 364, Engañador and Quivicán. The quality evaluation was carried out based on the determination of the following different physical properties: permeability of the cover, absorption capacity, water activity, moisture content and chromatic composition. The results showed that of the eight common bean cultivars, Quivicán had the highest absorption capacity, while the Engañador beans have the highest impermeability of the cover. The packaging used did not guarantee that the grain would not absorb moisture over time; however, 50 % retained the chromatic composition that indicated no hardening problems, mainly in the black and cream varieties, which is why it constituted an option for short-term conservation.
Growth Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed with Diet Supplemented with Date Palm Seed Powder
Authors: J.O. Alagbe,
Published: January 2025

An experiment lasting 12 weeks was conducted to assess the growth performance and egg quality of laying hens fed a diet supplemented with date palm seed powder. 250-30-week-old Lohman brown layers weighing 1550.2 ± 0.62 grammes were acquired from a Gujarat breeding farm and randomly assigned to five treatments with five replicates (10 birds per replicate). The investigation lasted 84 days and used a completely randomised design. The diet was a basal diet (corn-soya meal based), which is compatible with the Nutritional Research Council's advice from 1994. Hens in treatment 1 were fed a basal diet without date palm seed powder, whereas those in treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 were administered a basal diet with date palm seed powder at 20 g, 40 g, 60 g, and 80 g per kg, respectively. Birds have limitless access to fresh, clean water and food. The phyto-constituents discovered in date palm seed powder were phenols (891.44 mg/g), flavonoids (572.09 mg/g), tannins (65.56 mg/g), alkaloids (165.2 mg/g), terpenoids (332.8 mg/g), saponins (90.51 mg/g), and steroids (78.66 mg/g). Date palm powder treatment resulted in increased average daily weight gain, feed intake, hen day house production, and hen housed egg production (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Supplementing with date palm seed powder decreased the feed conversion ratio from 4.69 to 5.05 (p < 0.05). The treatment had a substantial impact on egg weight (47.12 to 57.03 g), breadth and length (35.04 - 43.87 mm; 38.81 - 47.23 mm), shell thickness (0.19 - 0.35 mm), yolk colour (3.13 - 11.23), and haugh unit. It was determined that date seed powder can be supplemented at a rate of up to 80 g/kg diet to increase performance and yolk quality metrics when compared to hens fed a control diet, with no adverse impacts on their health state.
Dietary Black Seed (Nigella sativa) Promotes Growth Performance of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Aquaculture
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullahi Abdurrazzaq
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the effects of dietary black seed as growth promoter in the diet of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Five iso-proteinous diets were formulated and supplemented with black seed at 0.0%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% to make four treatments and one control diets. Completely randomized design (CRD) was employed. One hundred and fifty (150) C. gariepinus juveniles were used for the experiment. Ten fish were randomly assigned to a 1m2 Hapa net. A total of 15 Hapa nets were used in an outdoor earthen lined pond of 10m × 7m (l × b) and depth of 1.5m, and the five formulated diets were fed to the experimental fish at 5% body weight for a period of 8 weeks. Highest mean weight gain of 49.66±4.52g was obtained in the fish fed 2.5% followed by 47.66±4.52g obtained in the fish fed 2.0%. The least mean weight gain of 38.33±4.52g was recorded in the fish fed 1.0%. The highest feed conversion ratio of 2.63±0.09 was recorded in the fish fed 1.0% while the least (2.43±0.09) was recorded in the fish fed 2.5% dietary black seed which differed significantly (P≤0.05) with the other treatments. In conclusion, the result of this study elucidated that the fish fed 2.5% dietary black seed had the best growth performance, revealing the positive effects of black seed on the growth of C. gariepinus. Therefore, black seed can be used as natural growth promoter in the diet of C. gariepinus.
Decoding Consumer Dynamics: A Deep Dive into Food Industry Surveys and Trends
Authors: Maurya Neelesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

The food industry is a rapidly evolving sector, influenced by dynamic consumer demands, technological advancements, regulatory shifts, and environmental concerns. In recent years, significant changes have reshaped the industry, with market surveys and consumer behavior analysis becoming essential tools for understanding these trends. This review highlights the pivotal role of market surveys, consumer preferences, and product trials in shaping the future of food production and consumption. Market surveys, such as consumer satisfaction, product development, and competitor analysis surveys, provide valuable insights into consumer expectations, helping businesses develop products and strategies tailored to their audience. Furthermore, technological innovations, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and blockchain, have revolutionized how market surveys are conducted, enabling real-time data analysis and predictive insights. Consumer trends are continuously evolving, with increasing demand for health and wellness products, plant-based alternatives, functional foods, and sustainable practices. Health-conscious consumers now prioritize organic, natural, and functional foods with added health benefits. In response, companies are focusing on personalized and customizable products to meet individual dietary needs and preferences. The rise of convenience foods and ready-to-eat products is another significant trend driven by the fast-paced lifestyle of modern consumers. Companies offering meal kits and subscription services have capitalized on this demand, providing quick and healthy meal options. Product trials, including taste tests, in-home usage tests, and focus groups, play a critical role in the food industry, enabling companies to gather feedback, refine products, and ensure their offerings meet consumer expectations. While these trials are crucial, they face challenges such as cost, time, and consumer bias. However, the integration of emerging technologies like AI and ML helps mitigate some of these challenges by providing deeper insights into consumer behavior and product performance. In conclusion, the food industry’s future will be shaped by ongoing technological advancements, sustainability efforts, and an increased focus on consumer preferences. By leveraging market surveys, understanding evolving trends, and conducting thorough product trials, companies can stay competitive and meet the changing demands of consumers in a rapidly transforming landscape.
A comprehensive review of spices: Use of prevalent preservative techniques and bio-preservatives for enhancing shelf life of spices
Authors: Zahra Naseem
Published: January 2025

Spices, renowned for flavor enhancement, also act as natural preservatives, prompting exploration into non-thermal preservation methods due to drawbacks of traditional techniques. Antimicrobial properties of herbs and spices, like cloves and black pepper, contribute to food preservation and offer health benefits. Traditional preservation methods like thermal treatment, drying, canning, freezing, and salt-based techniques are employed for preservation of spices. Bio-preservation techniques, including natural antimicrobials, fermentation, probiotics, and competitive exclusion, enhance spice safety and shelf life. Challenges such as strain selection, regulatory compliance, and consumer acceptance highlight the need for thorough screening and education for successful implementation. This review paper entails the use of traditional preservation methods as well as the importance of bio-preservatives for the preservation of different spices to enhance shelf life.
Selection and Performance of Sensory Panelists: A Comprehensive Review of Factors Influencing Sensory Evaluation Outcomes
Authors: Maurya Neelesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

Sensory evaluation is a critical component in the development, refinement, and quality control of consumer products, particularly in food, beverage, cosmetics, and fragrance industries. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of sensory panelist selection criteria and the several factors that influence sensory measurements, aiming to enhance the reliability and validity of sensory data. Panelist selection involves assessing sensory acuity, availability, and reliability, and encompasses a diverse range of panel types, including trained, expert, and consumer panels. Ensuring panelist consistency and sensitivity is crucial for producing reliable results, with factors such as age, health, and cultural background playing a significant role in sensory perception. This review also examines psychological, physiological, and environmental influences on sensory measurements, highlighting the impact of expectations, prior experiences, fatigue, mood, and testing conditions like lighting, temperature, and humidity. Effective selection, training, and control over these variables are essential to achieving high-quality sensory evaluations. The findings underscore the importance of refining sensory evaluation protocols to minimize bias and enhance data accuracy, thereby supporting better-informed product development and consumer satisfaction strategies. Future research should focus on standardizing sensitivity assessment methods and developing strategies to reduce environmental impact on sensory measurements.
Exploring the Role of Psychology in the Food Industry: Consumer Behavior, Employee Well-being, and Innovation
Authors: Maurya Neelesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

Psychology plays a pivotal role in the food industry, influencing not only consumer behavior but also shaping the well-being of employees and driving innovation. This paper reviews the impact of psychological principles on various aspects of the food industry, including the factors influencing consumer choices, the enhancement of employee satisfaction and productivity, and the application of psychological insights in product marketing and design. By examining the motivations, emotions, and decision-making processes that drive consumer behavior, this study explores how psychological strategies are used to enhance consumer engagement and brand loyalty. It also investigates the role of industrial psychology in promoting a supportive work environment, which is essential for employee retention, mental health, and effective team dynamics within food production and service settings. The review further delves into the importance of sensory marketing and cognitive cues in creating appealing food products and effective branding, underscoring how companies use sensory psychology to shape consumer preferences and perceptions of value. Additionally, the discussion covers the emerging focus on sustainable and ethical consumerism, illustrating how psychological principles help encourage environmentally responsible choices through strategic marketing and consumer education.Key findings reveal that integrating psychology into food industry practices fosters not only profitability but also sustainability, as consumers become more conscious of ethical consumption. This alignment of psychology with food industry objectives showcases the potential for psychological practices to innovate, sustain consumer interest, and enhance employee well-being, which are essential for a resilient and socially responsible industry. The paper concludes with insights into future trends, advocating for continued research into the applications of psychology in addressing global challenges in the food sector, including health, sustainability, and workforce satisfaction.
Pygmaeococcus giliomeei, a new species of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae) from the Western Cape (South Africa)
Authors: Gavrilov-Zimin I.A.
Published: January 2025

A new species, Pygmaeococcus giliomeei sp. nov. (Pseudococcidae), is described and illustrated based on specimens collected in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. This species is distinguished from its only congener, P. morrisoni McKenzie, 1960, which is distributed in California (USA), by the presence of numerous multilocular pores, six-segmented antennae, and the absence of ostioles.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of deep brain stimulation versus treatment as usual for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Najera Ricardo A. , Kabotyanski Katherine E. , McLaughlin Nicole C. , Gregory Sean T. , Anand Adrish , Shofty Ben , Provenza Nicole R. , Storch Eric A. , Goodman Wayne K. , Sheth Sameer A.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective neurosurgical option for patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite being more costly than neuroablative procedures of comparable efficacy, DBS has gained popularity over the years for its reversibility and adjustability. Although the cost-effectiveness of DBS has been investigated extensively in movement disorders, few economic analyses of DBS for psychiatric disorders exist. In this study, the authors present the first cost-effectiveness analysis of DBS for treatment-resistant OCD in the United States.

METHODS

The authors developed four decision analytical models to compare the cost-effectiveness of DBS with treatment as usual (TAU) for OCD, varying either the device type (i.e., nonrechargeable or rechargeable) or the time horizon (i.e., 3 or 5 years) in each model. Treatment response and complication rates were based on a literature review. Published algorithms were used to convert Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores into utility scores reflecting improvements in quality of life. Costs were approached from the healthcare sector perspective and were drawn primarily from Medicare facility and physician reimbursement rates. For each model, a Monte Carlo simulation (n = 100,000) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in US dollars per quality-adjusted life year (QALY).

RESULTS

Data from 249 and 265 treatment-resistant OCD patients from the published literature who received DBS and had sufficient follow-up in 3- and 5-year models, respectively, were included. When conventional US willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds were used, nonrechargeable DBS models were less cost-effective (3-year ICER: $108,431/QALY; 5-year ICER: $203,202/QALY) and rechargeable DBS models were more cost-effective (3-year ICER: $49,363/QALY; 5-year ICER: $41,495/QALY) than TAU. At a WTP threshold of $100,000/QALY, rechargeable DBS devices were moderately more cost-effective than TAU at 3 and 5 years in 100% of iterations. At a WTP threshold of $50,000/QALY, rechargeable DBS devices were definitively more cost-effective than TAU at 3 and 5 years in 54% and 89% of iterations, respectively. When using WHO WTP conventions, 3- and 5-year nonrechargeable models were cost-effective in 100% and 84% of iterations, and 3- and 5-year rechargeable models were highly cost-effective in 99% and 100% of iterations, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Rechargeable DBS models were cost-effective for treatment-resistant OCD compared with TAU. Nonrechargeable DBS models may be cost-effective, especially with improvement in battery longevity and changes in accepted WTP thresholds.
Predictive factors for traumatic cerebral contusion volume, expansion, and outcomes
Authors: Smith Parker D. , Shukla Ishav , Azam Faraaz , Trautmann Daniel , Gee Evan , Korb Madison , Pitonak Michael , Srinivasan Srivats , Caruso James P. , Caldwell Christie , Hall Kristen , Tamimi Mazin Al , Reisch Joan , Bedros Nicole M. , Aoun Salah G.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Traumatic hemorrhagic cerebral contusions are a well-established cause of morbidity and mortality in neurosurgery. This study aimed to determine prognostic factors for long-term functional outcomes and longitudinal contusion volume changes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.

METHODS

Data from 285 patients with traumatic cerebral contusions were retrospectively reviewed to identify variables predictive of initial contusion volume, contusion expansion on short-term follow-up imaging, and functional outcomes according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Predictors of these variables were identified using a stepwise logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Older age, larger initial contusion volumes, and lower presenting Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were associated with worse functional outcomes (mRS score ≥ 3). Patients with contusion volumes ≥ 15 ml at presentation had lower GCS scores and longer ICU stays (in days). Older age (OR 1.043, CI 1.024–1.063), need for a craniotomy or craniectomy (OR 2.562, CI 1.010–6.502), longer ICU stay (OR 1.092, CI 1.034–1.154), and lower total GCS score (OR 0.781, CI 0.729–0.836) were associated with worse functional outcomes. Additionally, lower admission GCS verbal score was a significant predictor of larger initial contusion volume (OR 0.779, 95% CI 0.667–0.911) and contusion expansion during hospitalization (OR 0.649, 95% CI 0.497–0.847).

CONCLUSIONS

Functional outcomes in traumatic cerebral contusion patients may be associated with age and admission GCS score, and verbal GCS score may predict initial contusion volume and contusion expansion. These findings supplement an evolving understanding of factors that influence outcomes in patients with cerebral contusions, and further study into the utility of GCS to guide these decisions could help to guide the clinical management of these highly complex patients.
Advances in neurosurgical education: literature review of mixed-reality simulation models and novel mixed-reality spine prototype
Authors: Giraldo Juan P. , Cho Steve S. , Eghrari Nafis B. , Dholaria Nikhil , Farber S. Harrison , Ehredt Ryan B. , Michaels Chinami , Fotias Demos J. , Godzik Jakub , Sonntag Volker K. H. , Uribe Juan S.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Mixed-reality (MR) applications provide opportunities for technical rehearsal, education, and estimation of surgical performance without the risk of patient harm. In this study, the authors provide a structured literature review on the current state of MR applications and their effects on neurosurgery training. They also introduce an MR prototype for neurosurgical spine training.

METHODS

An extensive review of the literature based on MR, education, and neurosurgery was performed using the MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase databases from January 1, 2013, to October 5, 2023. The terms used for the search included "augmented reality," "mixed reality," "education," "neurosurgery," and "neurosurgical procedures." After evaluating the results in the literature, the authors designed an MR prototype to investigate the use of 3D models, haptic feedback, and virtual reality (VR) in an educational module for freehand pedicle screw placement training.

RESULTS

Of the 1089 articles found in the databases, 111 duplicate articles were removed, and 978 articles were screened for MR and neurosurgery. Forty articles were selected to explore the relationship between MR environments and neurosurgery. Of these, 25 described cranial MR use, 13 described spine MR use, and 2 described cranial and spine MR training and education modules. The structured review exposed the relationships between MR environments in neurosurgical education, procedures, functional outcomes, novel technologies, and medical training limitations. These studies revealed favorable feedback for MR modules in neurosurgical education, training, and surgical operative outcomes, warranting further investigation to compare MR-based complementary curriculums, standard training methods, and the underlying advantages and disadvantages of MR modules for neurosurgical pedagogy. Based on this literature review, the authors developed an early MR prototype using a 3D model of scoliosis, a surgical tool tracking system, and conductive material for freehand pedicle screw placement.

CONCLUSIONS

The technological features, cost-effectiveness, and limitations of MR are currently being adapted to complement education, surgical optimization, and forecasting applications in neurosurgery. An MR surgical spine prototype was developed as a complementary educational tool.
Thalamic stereo-electroencephalography exploration in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy: implantation technique and complications
Authors: Price Angela V. , Sirsi Deepa , Joshi Charuta
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) are often referred for phase II evaluation with stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) to identify a seizure onset zone for guiding definitive treatment. For patients without a focal seizure onset zone, neuromodulation targeting the thalamic nuclei—specifically the centromedian nucleus, anterior nucleus of the thalamus, and pulvinar nucleus—may be considered. Currently, thalamic nuclei selection is based mainly on the location of seizure onset, without a detailed evaluation of their network involvement. This study aimed to prospectively assess the involvement of thalamic nuclei in seizure propagation during the SEEG evaluation in pediatric patients with DRE.

METHODS

This prospective study investigated the placement of thalamic electrodes during the SEEG phase II evaluation in pediatric patients. Following a phase I presurgical evaluation, patients were presented at a comprehensive epilepsy conference, where recommendations for SEEG evaluation were made. In cases in which neuromodulation was a potential outcome, thalamic nuclei were prospectively selected in 10 patients based on a preimplantation hypothesis. During the SEEG evaluation, electrical activity recorded from the thalamic electrodes was analyzed. If the patient went on to undergo neuromodulation, the recorded data guided the thalamic target selection.

RESULTS

Ten patients underwent implantation of 14 thalamic electrodes during SEEG implantation. No surgical complications were associated with either the placement or removal of these electrodes. Video-EEG analysis performed during the interictal period was unremarkable in 4 patients and revealed network spikes in 6 patients. These networks describe brain regions that may be connected structurally and functionally. Electrographic seizure onsets in thalamic contacts were simultaneous with cortical onset in 3 patients, early in 5, late in 1, and not involved in 1 patient. Seventy-two of the 109 seizures (66%) captured during SEEG involved thalamic contacts. Seven patients underwent neuromodulation after SEEG revealed an extensive network, rather than a focal onset, which precluded focal surgical resection. In all 7 of these patients, thalamic SEEG results were instrumental in guiding final neuromodulation targets chosen for implantation.

CONCLUSIONS

In pediatric patients without a single resectable focus as a cause of their DRE, thalamic implantation during phase II SEEG evaluation is both safe and effective for assessing thalamic nuclear network involvement. This information could be instrumental in selecting thalamic nuclei for neuromodulation, allowing for a more individualized approach to treatment.
Are religious orientations effective on eating motivation?
Authors: Uçkan Çakır Merve , Çavuş Şenol
Published: January 2025

The phenomenon of food consumption has evolved over time, influenced by social interactions, leading to diverse nutritional practices based on beliefs, politics, culture, and economic foundations. This research aims to determine eating motivations and reveal the effects of religious orientations on these motivations. The convenience sampling method, a non-probability sampling method among quantitative research sampling methods, was used in the study. Van province was chosen as the population of the research, and individuals living in the central districts of Van province (İpekyolu and Tuşba), where the population density is high, were selected as the sample. Since the eating motivations scale was applied for the first time in the Van population, exploratory factor analysis was performed. In this context, a 3-dimensional religious orientations scale and a newly structured 10-dimensional eating motivations scale were reached. As a result of the research, it is seen that individuals' religious orientations explain their eating motivations at a rate of 10.5%. The most affected sub-dimension of eating motivation is taste and habits, with 14.2%; The second dimension is health and naturalness, with 11.8%; The third dimension is convenience, with 7.9%. It was concluded that the dimension that least explains the regression model is the price dimension with 1.7%. Analysis results showed that there was a significant relationship between individuals' religious orientations and eating motivations. The research analysis supported and accepted all hypotheses established in the research model.
Hubungan Antara Emotional Intelligence dengan Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Amelia Inaz Nova , Patmawati Hetty , Dewi Sinta Verawati
Published: January 2025

Matematika sering dianggap sebagai pelajaran yang sulit karena melibatkan konsep abstrak dan kompleks, seperti teori, bilangan, dan rumus. Selain keterampilan berpikir kritis, keberhasilan dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika juga memerlukan kecerdasan emosional untuk mengelola emosi, meningkatkan motivasi, dan menjaga stabilitas diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kecerdasan emosional dan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa kelas VII di SMP Negeri 6 Tasikmalaya. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif, sampel penelitian diambil secara acak sederhana sebanyak 34 siswa dari kelas VII H. Data diperoleh melalui angket kecerdasan emosional dan tes literasi matematis materi persamaan linear satu variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik kecerdasan emosional maupun kemampuan literasi matematis siswa berada pada kategori sedang. Pengujian regresi linier sederhana mengungkapkan adanya hubungan linier positif antara kecerdasan emosional dan kemampuan literasi matematis, dengan kontribusi sebesar 49,2%. Temuan ini menunjukkan kecerdasan emosional merupakan faktor penting yang perlu diperhatikan dalam upaya meningkatkan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa.
Proses Berpikir Kreatif Peserta Didik dalam Menyelesaikan Soal AKM Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif Visualizer-Verbalizer
Authors: Rahmadiana Raihan Tri , Muzdalipah Ipah , Setialesmana Depi
Published: January 2025

Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) merupakan penilaian kompetensi dasar untuk mengembangkan kapasitas diri dan berpartisipasi positif yang diperlukan peserta didik. Penyelesaian soal AKM memerlukan strategi yang berkaitan dengan kreativitas yang dimiliki peserta didik yang muncul melalui suatu proses berpikir kreatif serta meliputi proses kognitif peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran angket gaya kognitif visualizer dan verbalizer, analisis hasil pengerjaan tes soal AKM, dan wawancara. Subjek dari penelitian ini merupakan peserta didik kelas VII F SMP Negeri 8 Tasikmalaya yang berjumlah 28 orang dengan satu subjek yang diambil pada masing-masing gaya kognitif visualizer dan verbalizer. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, subjek dengan gaya kognitif visualizer pada tahap persiapan subjek membaca soal yang diberikan dan menjelaskan maksud soal. Selanjutnya pada tahap inkubasi subjek berhenti sejenak mengingat kembali materi yang pernah dipelajari. Selanjutnya pada tahap iluminasi subjek merencanakan strategi penyelesaian masalah dan melakukan pemeriksaan kembali terhadap hasil pada lembar jawaban. Pada tahap verifikasi subjek menggunakan strategi yang sebelumnya sudah direncanakan. Subjek dengan gaya kognitif verbalizer pada tahap persiapan subjek membaca soal yang diberikan dan menuliskan informasi pada soal. Selanjutnya pada tahap inkubasi subjek membaca soal secara berulang-ulang dan mengingat kembali materi yang sudah dipelajari. Selanjutnya pada tahap iluminasi subjek merencanakan strategi penyelesaian masalah pada soal. Pada tahap terakhir yaitu tahap verifikasi subjek menggunakan strategi yang sebelumnya sudah direncanakan dan melakukan pemeriksaan kembali terhadap hasil pada lembar jawaban.
New associations of floristic classification for psammophytic herb vegetation on fallows in the Southern Non-Chernozem Region of Russia
Authors: Kupreev V. E. , Semenishchenkov Yu. A. , Volkova E. M.
Published: January 2025

The article characterizes psammophytic herb communities on fallow lands, treated as two new associations Berteroo incanae–Hieracietum umbellati ass. nov. and Polytricho juniperini–Viscarietum vulgaris ass. nov. within the class of psammophytic herb vegetation Koelerio–Corynephoretea canescentis Klika in Klika et Novák 1941. Their communities represent secondary vegetation at different stages of regenerative succession on the site of oligotrophic pine forests. Based on floristic comparison, assessment of ecological regimes of community habitats and NMDS-ordination of coenofloras based on the H. Ellenberg’s optimal scales, the differences between the new syntaxa of the Southern Nechernozemye (Non-Chernozem region) of Russia from previously established European units are demonstrated.
New records of lichens for the Caucasus and Dagestan
Authors: Ismailov A. B. , Urbanavichene I. N.
Published: January 2025

Calicium notarisii and Cladonia humilis are reported as new to the lichen flora of Dagestan. Herewith the species C. humilis was not known before in the Caucasus. Descriptions of the specimens with information of their habitats, distribution and some notes are given. Morphological and chemical distinctions between C. humilis and similar species are discussed.
Pulsatilla vulgaris (Ranunculaceae) conservation in Russia: habitat management to enhance the only population
Authors: Sorokina I. A. , Volkova E. A. , Khramtsov V. N. , Philippova A. V. , Leostrin A. V. , Gagarina L. V. , Himelbrant D. E. , Koptseva E. M. , Kurbatova L. E. , Stepanchikova I. S.
Published: January 2025

Pulsatilla vulgaris is one of the rarest vascular plant species in Russia. In the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, it is classified as critically endangered (category 1). The only population of P. vulgaris in Russia is known from the Leningrad Region and it is rapidly declining. The analysis of the population ontogenetic structure demonstrates low level of the population self-sustainment due to lack of seed reproduction. One of the factors that prevent P. vulgaris generative reproduction is the biotope transformation caused by succession. Typical habitats of P. vulgaris are heaths, sparse and low pine forests, dry low-grass meadows and pastures. Successful seed reproduction of the species requires the factors that inhibit woody vegetation development and lead to the damage of dense ground cover and soil (i.e. moderate grazing, weak ground fires etc.). To avoid a complete loss of the species in Russia, artificially damaged sites suitable for successful seed regeneration of P. vulgaris were formed in 2020–2021 in “Nizhnevolkhovskiy” Protected Area (Leningrad Region, Volkhovskiy District). Trees uprooting, grass vegetation removal or damage, soil damage were performed to form exposed and well-warmed sites with sparse vegetation ground cover. These measures have significantly increased germination capacity of the seeds on the managed plots compared to the left untreated (control) areas. Over a two-year period, the population of P. vulgaris has increased by more than 10%. The success of the measures applied allows to recommend them for the restoration of rare and highly specialized species populations growing in similar habitats.
Ivan Vladimirovich Palibin (1872–1949). Friend and assistant of Transbaikal naturalists
Authors: Fando R. A. , Liubina G. I.
Published: January 2025

The article presents two little-known facts from the biography of the outstanding botanist Ivan V. Palibin: his entry, self-taught, into the milieu of professional botanists and his long-term co-operation with the Troitskosavsk-Kyakhta Branch (TKB) of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (IRGS). In both cases, the driving motive behind his actions was a selfless love of botany and an early interest in the flora of the East Asian region, be it Transbaikalia, the Russian Far East, or northern Mongolia and Korea. The primary sources for the work were documents from St. Petersburg and Moscow archives and materials from the Proceedings of the TKB. He worked on a pro bono basis in the Herbarium of the Moscow University and the Herbarium of the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. In 1898 he became a member of the IRGS, which sent him to eastern Mongolia in 1899 for geographical and natural history research. During the trip the scientist established scientific contacts with the leadership of the Troitskosavsk-Kyakhta branch of the IRGS. At the request of the chairman of the department Y.D. Talko-Gryntsevich, Palibin identified plant species collected by local collectors and assisted in the preparation for publication of the department's scientific papers.
Porphyrins as polyfunctional ligands for binding to DNA. Prospects for application
Authors: Lebedeva N. S. , Yurina E. S.
Published: January 2025

The study of the interaction of nucleic acids with ligands is relevant not only from a scientific point of view, but also has high potential practical significance. Complexes of nucleic acids with ligands affect the biochemical functions of the most important carrier of genetic information, which opens up opportunities for treating genetic diseases and controlling the aging of both cells and the organism as a whole. Among the huge variety of potential ligands, porphyrins and related compounds occupy a special place, due to their ability to generate reactive oxygen species under irradiation with light. The photocatalytic properties of porphyrins can be used in the creation of molecular tools for genetic engineering and the treatment of viral and bacterial infections at the genetic level. Modification of porphyrin compounds allows targeting of the ligand to a specific biological target. The review summarizes the literature data describing the processes of complexation of nucleic acids with aromatic ligands, mainly with porphyrins. The influence of the structure of macroheterocyclic compounds on the features of interaction with nucleic acids is analyzed. Promising directions for further research are outlined.
Covalent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in targeted therapy of drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shvetsov A. B. , Semenov A. V.
Published: January 2025

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main subtype of lung cancer and is a common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene play a leading role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC, causing its pathological activity. The first generation of EGFR inhibitors, acting reversibly, effectively block the effects of EGFR with activating mutations by benefiting from competition with adenosine triphosphate for binding to the kinase. However, after several months of treatment, a secondary T790M mutation often occurs, causing resistance to subsequent therapy with these drugs. Effective inhibition of EGFR with the T790M mutation was possible due to second-generation inhibitors acting via a covalent mechanism. However, the second generation of covalent inhibitors has received limited use in therapy due to insufficient selectivity for EGFR T790M and a narrow therapeutic window. The discovery of covalent pyrimidine-based inhibitors has led to the emergence of a number of effective and safer third-generation drugs for the treatment of NSCLC with the EGFR T790M mutation. This review contains a brief description of first- and second-generation EGFR inhibitors and a detailed discussion of the main stages in the development of third-generation inhibitors. The main emphasis is placed on the identified “structure–activity” patterns. Data are provided on inhibitors that have received the status of approved drugs for the treatment of NSCLC. Promising directions for the development of novel EGFR inhibitors are indicated.
Vitamin В12 in drug delivery systems
Authors: Skuredina A. A. , Ialama D. E. , Le-Deygen I. M.
Published: January 2025

Vitamin B12 is a vital biologically active compound for human and is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes. The widespread vitamin B12 deficiency and vitamin’s low penetrating ability into cells determine the urgency of delivery systems development for the design of formulations with improved biopharmaceutical properties. This work provides a brief discussion of the main chemical and biochemical properties of the vitamin B12, as well as considers oral, injectable and transdermal multicomponent dosage forms of vitamin B12 that are aimed at solving the issue. Moreover, the literature analysis of the prospects of using vitamin B12 as an auxiliary component for both passive and active delivery of other drug molecules, for example, peptide nucleic acids and antitumor drugs, is presented. The review describes in detail the types of proposed delivery systems for biologically active compounds, in which vitamin B12 is one of the components.
Adaptation of a protocol for the automated solid-phase phosphoramidite synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides for the preparation of their N-unsubstituted phosphoramidate analogues (P-NH2)
Authors: Malova E. A. , Pyshnaya I. A. , Meschaninova M. I. , Pyshnyi D. V.
Published: January 2025

A new approach to the automated synthesis of N-unsubstituted phosphoramidate oligodeoxyribonucleotides (P-NH2) based on an optimized solid-phase phosphoramidite protocol using the Staudinger reaction has been proposed. The rapid and efficient oxidation of model P(III)-containing phosphite triethers by the organic azide (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methylcarbonylazide (FmocN3) to the corresponding phosphamides –(OPO(OR)(NFmoc))–, where R is a residue of nucleoside or alkyl nature, has been demonstrated. Removal of the alkaline-labile fluorenyl group from the modified internucleoside linkage allows the production of electroneutral, under physiological conditions of pH ~7, N-unsubstituted phosphoramidate (–(OPO(O)(NH2))– or (P-NH2)) residues in the oligonucleotide chain instead of the classical negatively charged phosphodiester (–(OPO(O)(O)(O¯))–) or (P-O)) residues. In optimizing the synthetic protocol, it has been demonstrated that to improve the efficiency of P-NH2-oligonucleotide synthesis, it is necessary to include an additional Fmoc-group cleavage step in the automatic synthesis protocol after each oxidation step of the growing oligomer chain via the Staudinger reaction. An almost complete absence of dependence of the P-NH2-oligonucleotide yield on both the localization of the P-NH2-strand in the chain and the type of dinucleotide fragment being modified was shown. A set of mono- and bis-modified octadeoxyribonucleotides was obtained, and a detailed study of the thermal stability of complementary DNA/DNA complexes under different buffer conditions was performed. It was shown that under high ionic strength conditions (1 M NaCl, pH 7.2), the introduction of a single P-NH2 strand reduced the thermostability of the DNA complex by an average of 1.3°C. When the ionic strength of the solution decreases, the destabilizing effect of the P-NH2-modification decreases significantly, which further confirms the electroneutral status of the introduced phosphoramidate linkage. Thus, we have developed a protocol for the preparation of partially modified oligonucleotide derivatives bearing uncharged but isostructured to native P-O-strands – phosphoramidate residues P-NH2.