bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dialogue in Fiction: The Syntactic Level
Authors: Mykytiuk Iryna , Musurivska Olesia
Published: January 2022

The article explores the syntactic peculiarities of dialogue in fiction. We focus on three such features: structural types of sentences, communicative types of sentences, and syntactic stylistic devices. Simple sentences have a distinct advantage in the characters’ conversation due to the fact that they allow the speakers to express their thoughts concisely and clearly thus ensuring the effectiveness of interpersonal communication. The quantitative distribution of communicative types of sentences in the dialogue may be explained by the fact that in the course of conversation the speakers/characters try to learn something they are interested in (interrogative sentences) and to notify the addressee about something important (declarative sentences). The prevalent use of elliptical constructions and aposiopeses reflects the natural omissions that occur in colloquial speech. Thus, at syntactic level, the conversation in fiction bears resemblance to colloquial speech.
Grammar in Specialized Translation Classes
Authors: Doboș Daniela
Published: January 2022

The main focus of specialized translation classes is usually terminology, but in many cases that is not enough, particularly in situations where the students’ L2 level is below the required standard, so that much remedial grammar teaching is needed. This paper argues that in such situations, if not as a rule, both explicit and implicit grammar teaching should be a part of translation classes, before discussing the author’s long-term practice of conceptualizing grammar. The teaching of tense, aspect and complex noun phrases is then introduced with examples.
The Fantasy of Youth in Philip Roth's Later Novels
Authors: Glăvan Gabriela
Published: January 2022

I intend to explore Philip Roth’s strategy of affirming youth as core value among his major themes revealing the experience of aging, illness and loss by revealing its particular framing in the novels of his later work. I shall analyze the contexts that connect youth to vitality and survival, revisiting some key moments in the long imaginary biographies of his notorious characters David Kepesh and Nathan Zuckerman. Although central in Roth’s work, youth has been commonly investigated in connection to allegories that anchor the writer’s oeuvre in a territory marked by nostalgia, loss, and a sense of impending vital exhaustion. My aim is to isolate this issue more clearly and focus on its specificity rather than its connectivity.
Cultural and Intercultural Issues in Gloria Anzaldúa's Poetry
Authors: Nicolau Cătălin
Published: January 2022

In this paper I aim at looking at some of the themes that Gloria Anzaldúa approaches in her poetry. As all the authors representing and writing on behalf of the American ethnic minorities, she is especially concerned with defining the cultural identity of her people; thus, she focuses on the cultural profile of the American Chicanos and, at the same time, on the relationship of her people with the whites. The poetess is not only interested in exploring her ethnic identity, she is also preoccupied with feminism; actually, she aims at articulating the figure of the New Mestiza, the Chicana woman that fights for liberation from both the whites’ oppression and that of men. One of the recurrent concepts in Gloria Anzaldúa’s poetry is that of the border, which is explored from a(n) (inter)cultural perspective and which is used for defining the identity of the American Chicanos.
The Return of the (Prodigal) Son in Rita Dove’s and Luis Alfaro’s Adaptations of "Oedipus the King"
Authors: Martanovschi Ludmila
Published: January 2022

The current essay analyzes two adaptations of Sophocles’ Oedipus the King: Rita Dove’s The Darker Face of the Earth and Luis Alfaro’s Oedipus El Rey, focusing on the hero’s banishment from his original home and on his return, which enables him to obtain the inheritance and power that would have been his birthrights. Attention is also paid to Oedipus as the emblematic truth-seeker who wants to access knowledge at all costs. In navigating the wealth of sources on the adaptation of Greek tragedy for the American stage, the objective is to identify insights relevant for Dove and Alfaro, whose African American and Chicanx backgrounds influence their rewritings of the famous play. It is the conclusion of the study that the two artists successfully address urgent political issues for contemporary American society: the need to remember the injustices at the heart of its historical race-based slavery system and the need to empower underprivileged youths so that their lives wouldn’t be destroyed by incarceration in the US prison system.
Elements of Trauma Fiction in Jonathan Safran Foer’s "Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close"
Authors: Ilaș Constantin
Published: January 2022

Trauma fiction was one of the most written types of literature in America in the wake of 9/11. Not a very popular genre due to the sensitive subject matter it can contain, the trauma of 9/11 contributed significantly to its resurgence, especially in New York. Jonathan Safran Foer is one of the youngest and also most talented writers in New York. Known for his daring and innovative style, his novel, Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close, is unique among other works of its genre. It deals with multiple plotlines and different historical traumas presented against the backdrop of 9/11, concerning itself primarily with the victims of the tragedy and their attempts to reconstruct their lives. Moreover, it explores the ways in which different generations can come together and help each other overcome their respective traumas, emphasizing the importance of unity and solidarity between people of all ages and mindsets.
No Cultural Icon, Just a Man: Representing Shakespeare in Kenneth Branagh’s Biopic "All Is True" (2018)
Authors: Iftimie Ana-Maria
Published: January 2022

While mainly addressing the masses and the simpler tastes of his time, Shakespeare’s plays have long been considered emblematic for high culture, which calls into question whether their author should still be regarded as representative for the elites or whether his life and personality should be demystified and brought back to the people. An attempt in this respect, showcased by this paper, seems to be Kenneth Branagh’s biopic All Is True (2018), which portrays Shakespeare as an ordinary man rather than as an illustrious playwright, allowing the public to see the human being behind his almost god-like façade. The film, however, reasserts the Renaissance dramatist’s position as the greatest poet and playwright by interrogating some of the most persistent theories on his biography and authorship.
"You all are sisters! We are all family!" The construction of parenthood in 'RuPaul's Drag Race'
Authors: Passa Davide
Published: January 2022

Drag queens epitomise gender fluidity, where the heteronormative binarism male/female is blurred and parodied. Their unconventional nature is reflected in the structure of their community, where they have created alternatives to the heteronormative family, which is historically based on heterosexual marriage and parenthood. Drag families are to be seen as places of personal and financial support, a refuge for young gay men who have been rejected by their “real” families and have financial problems. This study seeks to give prominence to the construction of parenthood in RuPaul’s Drag Race (2009-2021) by analysing the discourse – i. e. the system of statements – around drag family, parenthood and sisterhood in a corpus of 174 episodes. The research is carried out in the light of Corpus Linguistics, with the use of #Lancsbox, a software for the analysis of language data and corpora.
The preventing method of browning and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contained in Luffa cylindrica Roem. cultivated in Okinawa
Authors: Takashi Hanagasaki ,   Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, Itoman city/Okinawa, Japan
Published: January 2022

Luffa (Luffa cylindrica Roem.) is a popular vegetable in Okinawa, and it has abundant nutrients, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). We focused on GABA content in luffa, taking into consideration registering it as foods with functional claims in Japan. Besides, when selling cut luffa and frozen cut luffa at supermarkets, they are supposed to get browned due to air exposure and other causes. In the present study, we developed the prevention method of browning cut luffa and frozen cut luffa using 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 2.0 %, and 4.0 % ascorbic acid solution. It was found that 55 L of 4.0 % ascorbic acid solution could be used for soaking of 70 kg cut luffa to prevent browning, but GABA content decreased in food processing of luffa in the factory. Besides, GABA content in luffa fruits was found not to change during storage for 07 days at room temperature after harvest.
Analysis of ethylene glycol in animal feed using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong Ngoc , Nguyen Ha Thanh , Bui Cao Tien , Tran Cao Son , Dinh Minh Nhat , Pham Thi Thanh Ha ,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: January 2022

A determination method of ethylene glycol in animal feed by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed. The analysis was performed with a C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm), and a gradient mobile phase of 0.1 % formic acid solution and acetonitrile. Ethylene glycol and surrogate standard (propylene glycol) were extracted by water at room temperature, derivatized with benzoyl chloride in alkaline medium, and analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The method has high specificity and selectivity with a detection limit of 0.1 mg/kg, linearity range of 1 - 20 µg/mL, repeatability of 3.08 - 4.41 %, and recovery of  91.1 - 102.0 %, which meet AOAC requirements. This method has been applied to analyze some marketed animal feed samples.
Surgical treatment of left-sided infective endocarditis in Hanoi Heart Hospital
Authors: Hien Nguyen Sinh , Phong Nguyen Huu , Thien Le Quang
Published: January 2022

Objective: to evaluate the short-term outcomes of surgical treatment of left-sided infective endocarditis (IE) in Hanoi Heart Hospital.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study on all patients underwent surgery for left-sided IE from 3/2015 to 3/2019 in Hanoi Heart Hospital.

Result: 56 patients underwent surgery for left-sided IE in 4 years; the mean age was 45.8 ± 16.0; male-female ratio was 3.3/1. 9 patients (16.1%) had prosthetic valve endocarditis. Preopeative blood cultures were positive in 35.7%, the mainly microorganism was Streptococcus (21.4%). Emergency and urgent surgery was performed in 14.3%; the most frequently postoperative complication was kidney failure, the in-hospital mortality rate was  5.4%. During the average follow-up time of 36.6± 14.2 months, the recurrence rate of IE was 17.8%.

Conclusion: surgical treatment of left-sided infective endocarditis is still a great challenge, the early recurrence and motality rate are high.
Early outcome of surgical treatment of 20 cases of postinfartion ventricular septal rupture by extended sandwich patch technique via right ventricle approach
Authors: Minh Nguyen Thai , Hien Nguyen Sinh , Thien Le Quang , Ha Nguyen Hoang , Hung Nguyen Dang , Linh Ha Duc
Published: January 2022

Objective: Different techniques have been described to repair post myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture (VSR), each method may result in residual shunting, bleeding, and post-operative mortality. The aim of this report is to describe early results of extended sandwich technique through right ventricle in 20 consecutive patients.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study on 20 patients underwent surgery for myocardial infarction VSR by extended sandwich technique through right ventricle from 12/2018 to 3/2021 in Hanoi Heart Hospital.

Result: 20 consecutive patients (10 women and 10 men) with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture (mean age 72 years, range 48-84) underwent surgical repair for by extended sandwich technique performed through right ventricle from December 2018 to August 2021 in our institute. Reconstruction of the septum was performed by two patches according to the method described by Asai et al. The mean aortic clamp time was 101. The mean extracorporeal circulation time was 143 min. Postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay averaged 4 days (range, 1-10 days). There was 30% hospital mortality. 10% postoperative residual shunting was detected, and no patient needed reoperation for bleeding.

Conclusion: This method of extended sandwich technique through right ventricle was safe, simple, and it could be performed in acute phase of myocardial infarction.
Clinical and laboratory testing of oral anticoagulation therapy vitamin k antagonists at the emergency department of Hanoi Heart Hospital
Authors: Thuc Nguyen Van , Hoa Tran Thanh , Nam Dinh Hai , Quy Nguyen Van , Hung Vu Dinh , Hang Chu Thi
Published: January 2022

Background: The most commonly used oral anticoagulant is acenocoumarol with the brand name is Sintrom and recently, warfarin with the brand name is Coumadin has begun to be used. Anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists faces two main obstacles: the narrow therapeutic range and the effectiveness of the drug varies by many factors. Objective: " Current status of coagulation disorders in the treatment of anticoagulants with vitamin K antagonists. Understanding some factors affecting the goal of anticoagulant treatment". Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive analysis of drug use and influencing factors of patients diagnosed with coagulopathy admitted to the emergency department at Hanoi Heart Hospital from April 2020 to August 2021. Results: There were 675 patients admitted to the hospital with blood clotting disorders. The average age is 60,17±10,13, the youngest is 30, the oldest is 90; 63 patients, accounting for 9.42%, need to be hospitalized for inpatient treatment; There are 108 patients, accounting for 16%, with bleeding and 18 patients, accounting for 2.7%, with thromboembolism or valve obstruction. Conclusion: Coagulation disorders during treatment with vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants is a common condition in the emergency department. However, the complication rate is not high. There are many factors that affect the patient's treatment goals and the drug use is a fairly common factor.
Study on the characteristics of coronary calcification by Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)
Authors: Van Hoang
Published: January 2022

Background: Percutaneous coronary angiography is considered the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and provides the necessary anatomical information to provide appropriate treatment. The limitation of coronary angiography is the accurate assessment of calcified coronary lesions. Intravascular ultrasonography has many advantages in the assessment of calcified coronary lesions.

Methods: The descriptive clinical study. Evaluation of calcified coronary artery lesions by intravascular ultrasound

Results: From January 2019 to December 2019, at the Hanoi Heart Institute, 64 patients had 64 coronary artery lesions surveyed by intravascular ultrasound. There were 42 (65,6%) calcified lesions assessed by IVUS and 25 (39,1%) calcified lesions were detected by coronary angiography. In addition, the location of calcified were revealed more in the LAD compared to other: LAD 60%, LCx 24%, RCA 12% and LM 4%.

Conclusion: IVUS calcification detection rate is higher than coronary angiography. The most common site of calcification in the LAD.
Quality of Life in Patients with Stoma
Authors: Abeer Irshad  , Muhammad Fahim Ahsan  , Mumtaz Ahmed Khan  , Isbah Rasheed  , Muhammad Asif
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the quality of life of patients with stoma at tertiary care Hospital.
Methodology: This prospective study has been conducted at the general surgery department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences hospital Islamabad (PIMS). The study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020. All the patients having age more than 12 years, underwent intestinal stoma formation and either gender were included for study. Patients were interviewed regarding their routine activities after stoma and the impact of it on their social life including working status, sexual activities and life satisfaction. All the information of patients including demographic data was documented via self-derived proforma. Analysis of data was done by SPSS version 20.
Results: Total 46 patients were studied having a stoma and were interviewed regarding their quality of life. The patient's mean age was 44.93+6.78 years. Out of all 34.8% were working currently and rest of the patients were still on bed rest.Â  34.8% were satisfied with sexual life. 71.7% were depressed after stoma surgery and 52.2% were hopeful about their future. 63% were socialised with peoples as before, 58.7% replied that stoma has affected their recreational activities and 52.2% answered that they canâ€™t travel in any way. However according to overall satisfaction, 32.6% of patients were disagreeing, 34.8% were agreeing and 30.4% were undecided.
Conclusion: It was concluded that almost half of the patients were satisfied and they are performing social and daily life activities however almost half of the patients needed psychological, financial, and relative support.
Key words: Stoma, Quality of life
Role of Short Duration Double Phototherapy in The Treatment of Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Benish Fatima  , Syed Taqi Hassan Zaidi  , Tariq Nadeem  , Mubashra  , Ameena Saba
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the role of short duration double phototherapy in the treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cases series study was conducted at pediatric department of CMH hospital at Malir Karachi. All the neonates diagnosed with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia admitted to the neonatal ward were included. All the cases underwent short duration double phototherapy. Babies were observed for side-effects of phototherapy, like skin reaction and dehydration. Serum bilirubin was checked by bilirubinometre after 6 hourly of the treatment. Al the data was collected via study proforma. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20
Results: Total 74 neonates were studied, most of the neonates presented within 48-72 hours after birth. Majority of the term babies as 59.5% had history of 37-40 weeks of gestation and 28.4% had gestational age history >40 weeks. Out of all, malesâ€™ babies were 58.1% and female babies were 41.9%. Neonatal bilirubin level was significantly decreased from bassline 18.35+0.97 after 6 hours of double phototherapy as 14.66+1.18 with mean difference of 3.68+1.37 (p-value 0.001).
Conclusion: Short duration double phototherapy found to be the effective, reliable and safe for skin reaction in the treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Key words: Hyperbilirubinemia, double phototherapy, six hours Â
Mechanical Root-Disruption Practices and Their Effect on Circling Roots of Pot-BoundTilia cordataMill. andSalix albaL. ‘Niobe’
Authors: Weicherding Patrick J. , Giblin Chad P. , Gillman Jeffrey H. , Hanson David L. , Johnson Gary R.
Published: January 2022

Pot-boundTilia cordataMill. andSalix albaL. ‘Niobe’ were planted in a Waukegan silt loam soil in June 2003 at the University of Minnesota TRE nursery in St. Paul, Minnesota. Before planting, the root balls of the container-grown plants were mechanically disrupted using one of three standard root pruning practices recommended to correct circling roots: scoring (slicing), butterfly pruning, or teasing. Root balls on the controls were left undisturbed. The trees were harvested in October 2004. Roots growing beyond the original root ball were counted and measured for diameter growth to assess the effectiveness of the root pruning techniques in encouraging root growth outside of the original root ball. All root disruption treatments resulted in increased fibrous root growth, but no mechanical root disruption method was significantly better than root balls left undisturbed.
Branch Strength of Bradford Pear ( Pyrus calleryanavar. ‘Bradford’)
Authors: Kane Brian
Published: January 2022

Previously planted extensively as a street tree, Bradford pear (Pyrus calleryana var. ‘Bradford’) has fallen out of favor because of its reputation for branch breakage. Despite this reputation, Bradford pear branch strength has never been tested. Prior studies on branch breaking have discounted the influence of branch attachment angle, suggesting that the ratio of branch to trunk diameter, or aspect ratio, is a better predictor of branch attachment strength. Twenty-six Bradford pear branches from 10 trees were broken by pulling them with a winch. To assess the effect of branch cross-sectional dimensions, breaking stress was calculated considering the branch cross-section as either an ellipse or a circle. Breaking stress was normalized by dividing it by the modulus of rupture measured on wood samples from each broken branch. The location of failure, either in the branch itself or at the branch/trunk attachment, did not affect breaking stress. Aspect ratio was a better predictor of branch attachment strength than branch attachment angle. Breaking stress calculated considering the branch cross-section as an ellipse was greater than when stress was calculated assuming the branch cross-section was a circle. Results are compared with previous studies and the importance of measuring branch cross-sectional dimensions is discussed.
Paclobutrazol-induced Drought Tolerance in Containerized English and Evergreen Oak
Authors: Percival Glynn , Salim AlBalushi Ali Mohammed
Published: January 2022

The influence of paclobutrazol (PBZ) applied as a foliar spray and root drench on drought tolerance and recovery from drought, of containerized English and evergreen oak was investigated. PBZ treatment induced a suite of physiological adaptations that would allow both species to tolerate drought; more specifically, increased total leaf content of carotenoids (lutein:β-carotene:neoxanthin:α-carotene) and xanthophylls (zeaxanthin:antheraxanthin:violaxanthin), chlorophylls, proline, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. In addition, PBZ strengthened leaf membrane integrity and increased leaf photosynthetic efficiency and light-induced CO 2fixation before and at the cessation of the drought treatment. Irrespective of species, recovery rates of droughted trees treated with PBZ were 20% to 50% higher than non-PBZ-treated trees. In all cases, control trees (non-PBZ-treated) had the least capacity for recovery. Application of some of the PBZ treatments induced overregulation of newly emerged leaves. Results of this investigation indicate applications of the growth inhibitor PBZ either as a foliar spray or root drench induce a suite of physiological adaptations that confer a useful degree of drought tolerance and aid in the recovery from drought-induced damage. It is suggested that PBZ-induced protection of both English and evergreen oak from damage caused by drought stress is mediated by increased antioxidant enzyme and pigment activities.
Batık Kentin Hatırası: Yusufeli Kent Kimliğindeki Değişimler
Authors: TORUN Alptekin
Published: January 2022

Özellikle kendine has özelliklerinin belirgin bir şekilde öne çıktığı kentlerde değişimin ortaya çıkardığı toplumsal travmalar derin bir şekilde hissedilmektedir. Bu anlamda kentlerin kimliklerini koruyabilmesi ve kimliklerine uygun gelişebilmesinin önemi açıkça görülmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, Yusufeli’nin kent kimliğinin zaman içerisindeki değişimi irdelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, açık erişimli bir sosyal medya grubundaki Yusufelilerin, Yusufeli’deki baraj çalışmalarından önceki yıllara ait fotoğraflar hakkındaki yorumlarından yararlanılmıştır. Sözlü tarih niteliği de taşıyabilecek bu çalışma kentsel hafızanın dijital boyutunun bir örneğidir. Çalışmada, tüm dünyada etkisini artıran küreselleşmenin ve özellikle ilçede gerçekleştirilen baraj faaliyetinin etkilerinin kent kimliği ve toplumsal kimlik diyalektiği açısından analizi sunulmuştur. Ayrıca Yusufeli’nin kent dokusundaki değişim analiz edilmiş ve Yusufeli’nin kent imgeleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Makaleden kent kimliğinin korunması ve yaşatılması açısından önemli dersler çıkarılabilir.
Competitividade subsetorial e estrutura de capital das empresas brasileiras listadas na B3
Authors: Oliveira Filipi Assunção , Botelho Anselmo Sebastião , Lamounier Wagner Moura , Bressan Valéria Gama Fully
Published: January 2022

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da competitividade de mercado na estrutura de capital das firmas brasileiras de capital aberto. Foi analisada uma amostra 296 empresas listadas na B3 durante os anos de 2014 a 2018, totalizando 1.409 observações. A competitividade de mercado para cada empresa/ano foi medida com base no índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman. Utilizou-se dados em painel para se verificar se as variáveis “rentabilidade”, “tamanho”, “composição dos ativos”, “crescimento” e “competição de mercado” têm poder explicativo sobre o “endividamento líquido”. Avaliou-se a aderência do comportamento destas variáveis às previsões das teorias do static trade-off e da pecking order. As constatações apontam para: (i) o nível de competitividade de mercado brasileiro não foi estatisticamente significativo para explicar o comportamento do endividamento das empresas da amostra; e (ii) as variáveis “rentabilidade”, “tamanho” e “composição dos ativos” se mostraram estatisticamente significativas para explicar o “endividamento líquido”, e seu comportamento aponta para uma aderência às expectativas trazidas pela static trade-off theory.
IN-VITRO INVESTIGATION OF DONKEY MILK EFFICACY AGAINST STANDARD STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS
Authors: YIĞIN Akin , DEMİRCİ Mehmet , KILIÇ ALTUN Serap , KOCAZEYBEK Bekir
Published: January 2022

has been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. Different studies report its antimicrobial activity against an important human pathogen such as S. aureus. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to examine the antimicrobial efficacy of donkey milk against standard MRSA and MSSA strains in-vitro environment. In our study, in-vitro antimicrobial efficacy of donkey milk obtained from 53 different donkeys against S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 29213 (MSSA) was investigated by broth microdilution method. Donkey milk mixed with TSB medium at different serial dilution rates was studied in 96 microwell plates. When the effectiveness of different concentrations of donkey milk added to TSB medium in vitro against ATCC MRSA and MSSA strains was examined, no suppression was observed, and growth was found to be higher than the control results after 24 hours of incubation at high milk concentrations. In conclusion, according to the results of our study, no antimicrobial effect of donkey milk was observed in-vitro against standard MRSA and MSSA strains. This situation may be caused by the fact that S. aureus strains may have different virulence abilities, as well as the differences in protein structure in milk between species.
When hematochezia becomes a red herring
Authors: Smeets S , Dedeurwaerdere F , Thomaere E , Houthoofd B , D’Hulst L , Wilmes P , Offner F , De Coninck S
Published: January 2022

An 81-year-old male patient presented on the emergency ward for hematochezia, without any other complaints. Rectosigmoidoscopy showed a predominant patchy inflammation of the mucosa with several bluish blebs (submucosal hemorrhage) and small ulcerations. (Figure 1A). Subsequent elective colonoscopy (1) revealed multiple submucosal hematomas and mucosal lacerations throughout the entire colon in between normal mucosa. During the procedure spontaneous mucosal tears occurred. (Figure 1B). Multiple biopsies were taken.
The role of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Geusens D , van Malenstein H
Published: January 2022

Pain is the most frequent symptom in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and has an important impact on quality of life. One of its major pathophysiological mechanisms is ductal hypertension, caused by main pancreatic duct stones and/or strictures. In this article, we focus on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as a treatment for main pancreatic duct stones, which have been reported in >50% of CP patients. ESWL uses acoustic pulses to generate compressive stress on the stones, resulting in their gradual fragmentation. In patients with radiopaque obstructive main pancreatic duct (MPD) stones larger than 5 mm, located in the pancreas head or body, ESWL improves ductal clearance, thereby relieving pain and improving quality of life. In case of insufficient ductal clearance or the presence of an MPD stricture, ESWL can be followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to increase success rate. Alternatively, direct pancreaticoscopy with intracorporeal lithotripsy or surgery can be performed
خبر الآحاد عند الإمامية والحنفية دراسة أصولية موازنة
Authors:   وزارة التربية الرصافة الأولى, عبد الستار عزيز مامك م. م احمد
Published: January 2022

تكتسبُ دراسة خبر الآحاد أهمية كبيرة عند الأصوليين والفقهاء والمحدثين باعتبارها مصدر من مصادر التشريع الإسلامي التي تتمثل فيه السنة الشريفة, والغالب في هذا البحث أنه يدرس المسائل المتعلقة بخبر الآحاد عند الأصوليين, ويبدأ بتعريفه ثم أنواعه وشروط الأخذ به, وحجيته, وجواز التخصيص بالخبر الآحاد, والثمرة المترتبة على الخلاف في جواز الاخذ بخبر الآحاد من عدمه, ويقتصر البحث على ذكر آراء أصوليي الإمامية والحنفية من دون غيرهم, وإجراء موازنة بين رأيي الإمامية والحنفية في المسائل المدروسة في نهاية كل مطلب, وكل ذلك كان في مبحثين, وخاتمة, ولكل مبحث ثلاثة مطالب, والله تعالى الموفق.
مبشرات النصر والتمكين للإسلام من النصوص والواقع والتي انبأ عنها النبي الأكرم (ق)
Authors:   كلية الامام الاعظم الجامعة, مصطفى عبيد خالد
Published: January 2022

الرؤية العالمية لمستقبل البشرية والمجتمعات بتحقيق العلو والتمكين والنصر محصورة بصدق الرؤية الاسلامية الصادقة ودلائلها، وهذه الرؤية الحقة ترد من خلال نصوص القرآن الكريم والسُنة النبوية والواقع الملموس لتحقيق النصر والتمكين للإسلام، ولا ترد من خلال تتبع حركة التاريخ ومداخلاته. ان الامة الاسلامية هي أمة البقاء والاستمرار بوعد الله (عز وجل) وهي في حاجة الى إيقاظ وتنبيه، وإلى قيادة تأخذ بيدها الى طريق النصر والتمكين، وان هذا الوعد يتحقق بشروط و هذا وعد للذين (آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات) من أمته (ق) ووعد الله (عز وجل) مدخور لكل من يقوم على الشرط من هذه الأمة.
Interaction between cloud-radiation, atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics based on observational data from GoAmazon 2014/15 and a Cloud Resolving Model
Authors: Gonçalves Layrson J. M. , Coelho Simone M. S. C. , Kubota Paulo Y. , Souza Dayana C.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Observational meteorological data from the field experiment GoAmazon 2014/15 and data from numerical simulations with the Cloud-Resolving Model (CRM) called System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) are used to study the interaction between the cloudiness-radiation and the atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics variables for a site located in the central Amazon region (−3.2° S, −60.6° W) during the wet and dry periods. The main aims are to (a) analyze the temporal series of the integrated cloud fraction, precipitation rate and downward shortwave flux; and (b) to determine the relationship between the integrated cloud fraction, radiative fluxes, and large-scale variable anomalies as a function of the previous day's average. The temporal series of the integrated cloud fraction, precipitation rate and downward shortwave flux from SAMS simulations showed physical consistency with the observations from GoAmazon 2014/15. Shallow and deep convection clouds show to have meaningful impact on radiation fluxes in the Amazon region during wet and dry periods. Anomalies of large-scale variables (relative to the previous day's average) are physically associated with cloud formation, evolution and dissipation. SAM consistently simulated these results, where the cloud fraction vertical profile shows a pattern very close to the observed data (cloud type). Additionally, the integrated cloud fraction and large-scale variable anomalies, as a function of the previous day's average, have a good correlation. These results suggest that the memory of the large-scale dynamics from previous day can be used to estimate the clouds fraction. As well as the water content, which is a variable of the cloud itself. In general, the SAM satisfactorily simulated the interaction between cloud-radiation and dynamic and thermodynamic variables of the atmosphere during the periods of this study, being indicated to obtain atmospheric variables that are impossible to obtain in an observational way.
Chamber investigation of the formation and transformation of secondary organic aerosol in mixtures of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds
Authors: Voliotis Aristeidis , Du Mao , Wang Yu , Shao Yunqi , Alfarra M. Rami , Bannan Thomas J. , Hu Dawei , Pereira Kelly L. , Hamilton Jaqueline F. , Hallquist Mattias , Mentel Thomas F. , McFiggans Gordon
Published: January 2022

Abstract. A comprehensive investigation of the photochemical secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and transformation in mixtures of anthropogenic (o-cresol) and biogenic (α-pinene and isoprene) volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors in the presence of NOx and inorganic seed particles was conducted. Initial iso-reactivity was used to enable direct comparison across systems, adjusting the initial reactivity of the systems towards the assumed dominant oxidant (OH). Comparing experiments conducted in single precursor systems at various initial reactivity levels (referenced to a nominal base case VOC reactivity) and their binary and ternary mixtures, we show that the molecular interactions from the mixing of the precursors can be investigated and discuss limitations in their interpretation. The observed average SOA yields in descending order were found for the α-pinene (32 ± 7 %), α-pinene/o-cresol (28 ± 9 %), α-pinene at ½ initial reactivity (21 ± 5 %), α-pinene/isoprene (16 ± 1 %), α-pinene at ⅓ initial reactivity (15 ± 4 %), o-cresol (13 ± 3 %), α-pinene/o-cresol/isoprene (11 ± 4%), o-cresol at ½ initial reactivity (11 ± 3 %), o-cresol/isoprene (6 ± 2 %) and isoprene systems (0 ± 0 %). We find a clear suppression of the SOA yield from α-pinene when it is mixed with isoprene, whilst the addition of isoprene to o-cresol may enhance the mixture’s SOA formation potential, however, the difference was too small to be unequivocal. The α-pinene/o-cresol system yield appeared to be increased compared to that calculated based on the additivity, whilst in the α-pinene/o-cresol/isoprene system the measured and predicted yield were comparable. However, in mixtures where more than one precursor contributes to the SOA mass it is unclear whether changes in the SOA formation potential are attributable to physical or chemical interactions, since the reference basis for the comparison is complex. Online and offline chemical composition and SOA particle volatility, water uptake and “phase” behaviour measurements that were used to interpret the SOA formation and behaviour are introduced and detailed elsewhere.
The Mount Everest plume in winter
Authors: Hindman Edward , Lindstrom Scott
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Mt. Everest’s summit pyramid is the highest obstacle on earth to the wintertime jet-stream winds. Downwind, in its wake, a visible plume often forms. The meteorology and composition of the plume are unknown. Accordingly, we observed real-time images from a geosynchronous meteorological satellite from November 2020 through March 2021 to identify plumes and collect the corresponding meteorological data. We used the data with a basic meteorological model to show the plumes formed when sufficiently moist air was drawn into the wake. We conclude the plumes were composed initially of either cloud droplets or ice particles depending on the temperature. One plume was observed to glaciate downwind. Thus, Everest plumes may be a source of snowfall formed insitu. The plumes, however, were not composed of resuspended snow.
Nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark subsurface layer of Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Umezawa Sachi , Tozawa Manami , Nosaka Yuichi , Nomura Daiki , Onishi Hiroji , Abe Hiroto , Takatsu Tetsuya , Ooki Atsushi
Published: January 2022

Abstract. We conducted time-series observations in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, from 15 February to 14 April 2019. The diatom spring bloom peaked on 4 March and started declining on 15 March. Funka Bay winter water remained below 30-m depth, which was below the surface mixed-layer and dark-zone depths on both dates. At depths of 30–50 m, concentrations of NO3–, PO43–, and Si(OH)4 decreased by half between these dates even in darkness. Incubation experiments using the diatom Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii showed that this diatom could consume nutrients in darkness at substantial rates. We conclude that the nutrient reduction in the subsurface layer (30–50 m) could be explained by dark consumption by diatoms that had been growing in the surface waters and then sank to the subsurface layer. We believe that this is the first study to present observational evidence for the consumption of the main nutrients by diatoms in the dark subsurface layer during the spring bloom. Nutrient consumption in this layer might have a substantial influence on the primary production during and after the spring bloom.
Continuous vegetation record of the Greater Cape Floristic Region (South Africa) covering the past 300 000 years (IODP U1479)
Authors: Dupont Lydie M. , Zhao Xueqin , Charles Christopher , Faith John Tyler , Braun David
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) of
South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot of global significance, and its
archeological record has substantially contributed to the understanding of
modern human origins. For both reasons, the climate and vegetation history
of southwestern South Africa is of interest to numerous fields. Currently
known paleoenvironmental records cover the Holocene, the last
glacial–interglacial transition and parts of the last glaciation but do not
encompass a full glacial–interglacial cycle. To obtain a continuous
vegetation record of the last Pleistocene glacial–interglacial cycles, we
studied pollen, spores and micro-charcoal of deep-sea sediments from IODP
Site U1479 retrieved from SW of Cape Town. We compare our palynological
results of the Pleistocene with previously published results of Pliocene
material from the same site. We find that the vegetation of the GCFR, in
particular fynbos and afrotemperate forest, responds to precessional forcing
of climate. The micro-charcoal record confirms the importance of fires in
the fynbos vegetation. Ericaceae-rich and Asteraceae-rich types of fynbos
could extend on the western part of the Paleo-Agulhas Plain (PAP), which
emerged during periods of low sea level of the Pleistocene.
Escherichia coli concentration, multiscale monitoring over the decade 2011–2021 in the Mekong basin, Lao PDR
Authors: Boithias Laurie , Ribolzi Olivier , Rochelle-Newall Emma , Thammahacksa Chanthanousone , Nakhle Paty , Soulileuth Bounsamay , Pando-Bahuon Anne , Latsachack Keooudone , Silvera Norbert , Sounyafong Phabvilay , Xayyathip Khampaseuth , Zimmermann Rosalie , Rattanavong Sayaphet , Oliva Priscia , Pommier Thomas , Evrard Olivier , Huon Sylvain , Causse Jean , Henry-Des-Tureaux Thierry , Sengtaheuanghoung Oloth , Sipaseuth Nivong , Pierret Alain
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Bacterial pathogens in surface waters may threaten human health, especially in developing countries, where untreated surface water is often used for domestic needs. The objective of the long-term multiscale monitoring of Escherichia coli concentration in stream water, and that of associated variables (temperature, electrical conductance, dissolved oxygen concentration and saturation, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, turbidity, and total suspended sediment concentration), was to identify the drivers of bacterial dissemination across tropical catchments. This data description paper presents three datasets (see section Data availability) collected at 31 sampling stations located within the Mekong river and its tributaries in Lao PDR (0.6–25,946 km2) from 2011 to 2021. The 1,602 records have been used to describe the hydrological processes driving in-stream Escherichia coli concentration during flood events, to understand land-use impact on bacterial dissemination on small and large catchment scales, to relate stream water quality and diarrhea outbreaks, and to build numerical models. The database may be further used e.g. to interpret new variables measured in the monitored catchments, or to map the health risk posed by fecal pathogens.
In-situ Lu – Hf geochronology of calcite
Authors: Simpson Alexander , Glorie Stijn , Hand Martin , Spandler Carl , Gilbert Sarah , Cave Brad
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The ability to constrain the age of calcite formation is of great utility to the Earth Science community, due to the ubiquity of calcite across a wide spectrum of geological systems. Here, we present the first in-situ laser ablation inductively coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS/MS) Lu–Hf ages for calcite, demonstrating geologically meaningful ages for IOCG and skarn mineralisation, carbonatite intrusion and low grade metamorphism. The analysed samples range in age between ca. 0.9 Ga and ca. 2 Ga with uncertainties between 1.4 % and 0.5 % obtained from calcite with Lu concentrations as low as ca. 0.5 ppm. The Lu–Hf system in calcite appears to be able to preserve primary precipitation ages over a significant amount of geological time, although further research is required to constrain the closure temperature. The in-situ approach allows calcite to be rapidly dated while maintaining its petrogenetic context with mineralization and other associated mineral processes. Therefore, LA-ICP-MS/MS Lu–Hf dating of calcite can be used to resolve the timing of complex mineral paragenetic sequences that are a feature of many ancient rock systems.
Modelling the High Mercury Wet deposition in the Southeastern US by WRF-GC
Authors: Xu Xiaotian , Feng Xu , Lin Haipeng , Zhang Peng , Huang Shaojian , Song Zhengcheng , Peng Yiming , Fu Tzung-May , Zhang Yanxu
Published: January 2022

Abstract. High mercury wet deposition in southeastern United States has been noticed for many years. Previous studies came up with a theory that it was associated with high-altitude divalent mercury scavenged by convective precipitation. Given the coarse resolution of previous models (e.g. GEOS-Chem), this theory is still not fully tested. Here we employed a newly developed WRF-GEOS-Chem (WRF-GC) model implemented with mercury simulation. We conduct extensive model benchmarking by comparing WRF-GC with different resolutions (from 50 km to 25 km) to GEOS-Chem output (4° × 5°) and data from Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) in July–September 2013. The comparison of mercury wet deposition from two models both present high mercury wet deposition in southeastern United States. We divided simulation results by heights, different types of precipitation and combination of these two variations together and find most of mercury wet deposition concentrates on higher space and caused by convective precipitation. Therefore, we conclude that it is the deep convection caused enhanced mercury wet deposition in the southeastern United States.
Internal tides off the Amazon shelf during two contrasted seasons: Interactions with background circulation and SSH imprints
Authors: Tchilibou Michel , Koch-Larrouy Ariane , Barbot Simon , Lyard Florent , Morel Yves , Jouanno Julien , Morrow Rosemary
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Amazon shelf break is a key region for internal tides (IT) generation. The region also shows a large seasonal variation of circulation and associated stratification. The objective of this study is to document how these variations will impact IT generation and propagation properties. A high-resolution regional model (1/36° horizontal resolution), explicitly resolving IT is analyzed to investigate their interactions with the background circulation and stratification, over two seasons: first MAMJJ (March to July), with weaker mesoscale currents, shallower and stronger pycnocline, and second ASOND (August to December) with stronger mesoscale currents, deeper and weaker pycnocline. IT are generated on the shelf break between the 100 and 1800 m isobaths, with a maximum on average at about 10 km offshore. South of 2° N, the conversion from barotropic to baroclinic tide is more efficient in MAMJJ than in ASOND. At the eight main IT generations sites, the local dissipation is higher in MAMJJ (30 %) than in ASOND (22 %). The remaining fraction propagates away from the generation sites and mainly dissipates locally every 90–120 km. The remote dissipation increases slightly during ASOND and the coherent M2 fluxes seem blocked between 4°–6° N west of 47° W. Further analysis of 25 hours mean snapshots of the baroclinic flux shows deviation and branching of the IT when interacting with strong mesoscale and stratification. We evaluated sea surface height (SSH) frequency and wavenumber spectra for subtidal (f < 1/28h−1), tidal (1/28h−1 < f < 1/11h−1) and super tidal (f > 1/11h−1) frequencies. Tidal frequencies explain most of the SSH variability for wavelengths between 300 km and 70 km. Below 70 km, the SSH is mainly incoherent and supertidal. The length scale at which the SSH becomes dominated by unbalanced IT was estimated to be around 250 km. Our results highlight the complexity of correctly predicting IT SSH in order to better observe mesoscale and submesoscale from existing and upcoming altmetrics missions, notably the Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission.