bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Barnabas Altarpiece: A Possible Link with Southern France, St. Louis and Cyprus
Authors: Fletcher John
Published: November 2011

The provenance and purpose of the Barnabas Altarpiece, acquired in 1971 by the Kimbell Art Museum and exceptional for being a large early gothic retable on panel, has baffled art historians since 1950, when it became better known;it has since been dated to 1250-60. It was catalogued in 1972 on rather slender grounds as being English (a view that has become increasingly suspect) and it was proposed in 1965 that a bishop Barnabas (at that time not identified) was the donor. The panels are of willow, a wood occasionally used in medieval times for large panels in Mediterranean areas around the Gulf of Lyons, but never in northern Europe or Spain. A priest named Barnabas was made bishop of Osma by King Alphonso of Castile to whom he was physician. He held the see until his death in c. 1351 and founded a chaplaincy in the cathedral in 1350. However, neither that date nor the identification of the panels as willow is consistent with the hypothesis that he was the donor. It is here proposed that the panels were made in the south of France and that the inscription—Barnabas: Eps—applied to St. Barnabas, the apostle born in Cyprus and the first of a long line of archbishops; furthermore that this altarpiece was painted by a southern French artist for a church in Cyprus, probably that dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul in the royal complex at Nicosia which included the castle/palace and Dominican monastery. It had been the wish of St. Louis, while making preparations in Cyprus in 1248/9 for his crusade, that a new monastic church should form the royal mausoleum for the Lusignan dynasty.
Arnold Quellin's Statues at Glamis Castle
Authors: Apted M. R.
Published: November 2011

On 23rd December 1685 Arnold Quellin, Carver, signed an agreement with Patrick, Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, to provide statues of the four Stuart kings and a bust of the Earl himself, to be completed by 1st June the following year for a fee of £160. Although Quellin died in September 1686, the contract was evidently completed since all four statues and the bust are recorded at Glamis Castle in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Two of the statues, the James I and Charles I, as well as the bust are still at the castle today. Of the missing statues, one, the James II, is known from an engraving to resemble closely the James attributed to Grinling Gibbons which now stands in front of the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, itself one of a series of statues of monarchs depicted as Roman conquerors. The other, the Charles II, may possibly have been similar to the Quellin Charles now at the Guildhall.

The document and statues provide new evidence of a sculptor popular in his day, whose reputation has been largely obscured by the fame of his master, Grinling Gibbons.
Heralds and Copyists: The Relationship between Three Thirteenth-Century Rolls of Arms
Authors: Brault Gerard J.
Published: November 2011

A comparative study of three thirteenth-century rolls of arms, the Heralds' Roll, the Dering Roll, and the Camden Roll, shows the extent to which the first was copied in the preparation of the other two. Light is also thrown on the way in which heraldic copyists worked and on the identity and nature of early armorial bearings.
The Origin of the Fusee
Authors: Lloyd H. Alan
Published: November 2011

The fusee, as applied to horology, is a conically shaped arbor affixed to the main driving-wheel, or great wheel, of a spring-driven clock. It applies the principle of the lever to equalize the diminishing power of the spring as it runs down (fig. i). The word is derived from the Latin fusata, a spindle filled with thread, which is quite an apt description.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Mann James
Published: November 2011

When I had the honour of addressing you last year I gave an outline of the programme for our celebration of the Bicentenary of our Royal Charter. This programme as you will remember was carried out as planned. When the moment came in Grocers' Hall to drink to the health of His Majesty, I think we all did so with more than formal emphasis for we knew that he was seriously ill. Since then, we have suffered the loss of our Royal Patron, the ninth since 1751. We are for the moment without a Patron, but I think we can confidently expect that in due course Her Majesty the Queen will be graciously pleased to continue the succession.
The Ravenscar Inscription
Authors: Goodchild R. G.
Published: November 2011

The Ravenscar inscription (C.I.L. vii, 268 = E.E. ix, 561), found in 1774 on what may be presumed to have been a Yorkshire ‘signal-station’ site, and now in Whitby Museum, needs no lengthy introduction. Its importance was recognized by Huebner and Mommsen, and it has been discussed by Haverfield, who published a good photograph, and by Collingwood, who included a line-drawing of it in his Archaeology of Roman Britain. Despite its importance as one of the latest epigraphic documents of Roman Britain, and the attention it has therefore received, its exact meaning has remained far from clear, the uncertainty resting largely in the third line. Most recently, Mr. C. E. Stevens has re-examined the text in an appendix to his article on the British sections of the Notitia Dignitatum.
Excavations at Verulamium 1956. Second Interim Report
Authors: Frere S. S.
Published: November 2011

The excavations at Verulamium inaugurated by the Research Committee of this Society were continued a second season from 9th July to 31st August 1956. They were far more extended than had been planned, for shortly before the start news was received that work on the new road was expected to begin early in 1957, much earlier than had been anticipated. It became necessary, therefore, to double the scale of operations in order that no major site should remain unexplored. Accordingly up to thirty-one paid labourers were employed and the maximum number of helpers at any one time was eighty-five. The sum of £2,520 was expended, of which the Ministry of Works subscribed £800. On a site so extended and so divided by hedges and modern traffic, the direction of the dig would have been impossible without skilled assistance; twelve site supervisors were thus in all employed.
Two Silchester Wall-Decorations Recovered
Authors: Ling Roger
Published: November 2011

G. E. Fox's reconstruction of fragments of painted plaster found in house XIV, I at Silchester is subjected to new scrutiny, and it is argued that, rather than belonging (as Fox thought) to a dado, they derive from two separate all-over patterns of the type described by German writers as Tapetenmuster. It is suggested that the decorations come from the adjacent rooms 22 and 29, and, by comparison with other examples of similar patterns in other parts of the Roman Empire, that they probably adorned the walls rather than the ceilings.
On Some Buckets and Cauldrons of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages: The Nannau, Whigsborough, and Heathery Burn Bronze Buckets and the Colchester and London Cauldrons
Authors: Hawkes C.F.C. , Smith M.A.
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this paper is to present five large prehistoric bronze vessels, from Wales, Ireland, and the north and south of England, found at various dates from the early nineteenth century to 1932, but published as yet imperfectly or not at all, and to consider, with reference to their affinities abroad, their significance for these islands’ Late Bronze and earliest Iron Ages. The starting-point for any such study must in general be the article in Archaeologia, vol. lxxx, by the late E. T. Leeds. In the twenty-seven years since he wrote, new finds and new work have indeed supplemented and somewhat varied his conclusions, but they leave us still deeply in his debt.
The Mail Shirt from Sinigaglia
Authors: Burgess E. Martin
Published: November 2011

This mail shirt, which is now in the Royal Scottish Museum in Edinburgh and was in the Meyrick and Noel Paton collections, dates from the fourteenth century. A little is known about its more recent history. Apparently it was bought by a Jewish dealer from an ancient family at Sinigaglia, near Bologna, ‘in whose possession it had been beyond any of their records’. It has been published before but because it is in such a good state of preservation, because mail shirts of the fourteenth century are rare, and because something is known about its history, it is important that it should be republished.
A Neolithic Site at Craike Hill, Garton Slack, East Riding of Yorkshire
Authors: Manby T. G.
Published: November 2011

Craike or Crayke Hill stands on the southern slope of Garton Slack, in the north-western corner of the parish of Kirkburn, three miles west of Great Driffield (Nat. Grid. ref. SE 972576) (fig. 1). Garton Slack is a wide dry valley penetrating the central chalk Wolds of the East Riding of Yorkshire between Wetwang and Driffield. Scattered over the flat floor of the Slack are the much-ploughed remains of Mortimer's Garton Slack Group of round barrows. Once Craike Hill, which is a natural hill of fine chalk similar to the rest of the Slack floor, was a prominent landmark, but gravel digging since 1938 has reduced it to a crater. Originally it stood about 50 ft. above the floor of the Slack and was composed of beds of fine chalk gravel interspersed with sandy layers towards the base. The beds show a dip towards the north. Over the top of the hill was a fine sandy brown soil containing chalk, flint, and greenstone pebbles. Much of this remains as overburden dumped on the lower slopes.
King Edward's clocks
Authors: Brown R. Allen
Published: November 2011

Although both short and tentative, this paper must begin formally with acknowledgements and apologies. The acknowledgements are for help generously given by our Fellows, Mr. A. J. Taylor of the Ministry of Works, and Mr. Claude Blair of the Victoria and Albert Museum, and also by Mr. H. M. Colvin of St. John's College, Oxford. The apologies turn upon the central and fundamental fact that, though I have an ill-informed interest in clocks, and own rather more clocks than my house has room for, I am not a horologist. It follows that I shall not deal with the mechanics of early clocks, with verge and foliot escapements, going and striking trains, and all the other technicalities which horologists love to discuss. And if I mention, here and now, the name of Giovanni de Dondi, this is only to emphasize that I have at least tried to read up the subject before having the temerity to write upon it.
The Royal bronze effigies in Westminster Abbey
Authors: Plenderleith H. J. , Maryon H.
Published: November 2011

1. An ideal opportunity for making a detailed comparative study of ten of the royal effigies from Westminster Abbey was presented by their temporary assembly for cleaning purposes in the Undercroft.

2. It was possible to make a special examination of the backs of the figures as well as the parts usually exposed, and in the course of study two distinct methods of metal-casting were recognized, (a) a bell-founding technique similar to that described by Theophilus, and (b) a wax-cast technique.

3. Mercury, or fire-gilding, had been applied in all cases. In one instance chemical analysis of a silvery smear in the folds of the drapery showed it to be due to gold amalgam. There was no corrosion of the surrounding metal.

4. The colour of the gold surface was occasionally greenish, indicating that a base gold had been employed in making the amalgam. In other cases an artificial richness had been imparted, doubtless with the lapse of time, by the red cuprous oxide of the underlying base metal shining through the thin surface film.

5. Of the two wooden effigies examined, that of William de Valence showed more points of interest. The question as to whether there was indeed champlevé work in the enamelled ornament had to be left open, as it was considered impossible to answer without in a measure undoing something of the recent work of the restorer.
Cirencester 1962: Third Interim Report
Authors: Wacher John S.
Published: November 2011

The excavations of 1962 were originally planned to take place on three sites: the Amphitheatre, which lies outside the town wall a little to the south-west; a rescue excavation in a derelict garden in Coxwell Street; and a section across the front of the south-east defences at a point about 200 feet west of Miss Rennie's section cut through them in 1952. A week after the start, news came that work for a new police station was to commence during the current financial year, on a site north of Dyer Court, which our Fellow Dr. Graham Webster investigated in 1957. With such short notice, rescue work had to begin here almost at once. Imminent development of yet another building-site, in Victoria Road, was reported towards the end of the excavations, which had to be extended for a fortnight to meet this fresh emergency. Five sites have thus been dealt with this year instead of three, an undertaking of considerable magnitude, and the Committee here records its most grateful thanks to each of those bodies who contributed towards the expenses; to all those who assisted the excavations; to the Gloucestershire County Council for permission to explore the police station site; to the Cirencester Urban District Council for permission to dig in Coxwell Street; to Lord Bathurst for permission to dig at the Amphitheatre; to Mr. Harry Pitts for permission to cut a section across the southern defences; and to Messrs. R. van Gelder, Keen and Co. Ltd.
The Problem of Traffic: The street-life of modernity in late-colonial India
Authors: ARNOLD DAVID
Published: November 2011

In India in the early twentieth century the modern socio-technological phenomenon of traffic brought together many visible and accessible forms of everyday technology. However, in India modern motorized transport had to operate alongside earlier, seemingly ‘pre-modern’, modes of street-life. The emergence of traffic helped foster the expansion of late-colonial policing and the growth of the ‘everyday state’. It stimulated a new sense of a middle class identity and the proper ordering and disciplining of those who used the modern highway. But the technology of traffic was also contested—by those who evaded traffic rules as well as by those who were critical of technological modernity or the rising human cost of traffic accidents. The street at times became a site of open opposition to state authority or, through the deliberate disruption of traffic, a significant location for the exercise of political defiance and control.
Assessing the relevance of digital elevation models to evaluate glacier mass balance: application to Austre Lovénbreen (Spitsbergen, 79°N)
Authors: Friedt J-M. , Tolle F. , Bernard É. , Griselin M. , Laffly D. , Marlin C.
Published: November 2011

The volume variation of a glacier is the actual indicator of long term and short term evolution of the glacier behaviour. In order to assess the volume evolution of the Austre Lovénbreen (79° N) over the last 47 years, we used multiple historical datasets, complemented with our high density GPS tracks acquired in 2007 and 2010. The improved altitude resolution of recent measurement techniques, including phase corrected GPS and LiDAR, reduces the time interval between datasets used for volume subtraction in order to compute the mass balance. We estimate the sub-metre elevation accuracy of most recent measurement techniques to be sufficient to record ice thickness evolutions occurring over a 3 year duration at polar latitudes.

The systematic discrepancy between ablation stake measurements and DEM analysis, widely reported in the literature as well as in the current study, yields new questions concerning the similarity and relationship between these two measurement methods.

The use of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been an attractive alternative measurement technique to estimate glacier area and volume evolution over time with respect to the classical in situ measurement techniques based on ablation stakes. With the availability of historical datasets, whether from ground based maps, aerial photography or satellite data acquisition, such a glacier volume estimate strategy allows for the extension of the analysis duration beyond the current research programmes. Furthermore, these methods do provide a continuous spatial coverage defined by its cell size whereas interpolations based on a limited number of stakes display large spatial uncertainties. In this document, we focus on estimating the altitude accuracy of various datasets acquired between 1962 and 2010, using various techniques ranging from topographic maps to dual frequency skidoo-tracked GPS receivers and the classical aerial and satellite photogrammetric techniques.
On Names and Artistic Unity in the Standard Version of the Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic
Authors: WORTHINGTON MARTIN
Published: November 2011

Great is the importance of names in literature. For modern audiences, good names are an important and enjoyable part of the experience of reading, and many authors have delighted their readers with new creations or especially apposite matches – one could cite examples as varied as J. K. Rowling (Malfoy, Dumbledore, Snape), Aldous Huxley (Tantamount, Burlap, Spandrill), Charles Dickens (Pickwick, Sweedlepipe, Honeythunder), Andrea Camilleri (Catarella, Montalbano, Boneti-Alderighi), or Franz Kafka (K.).
Does involvement in food preparation track from adolescence to young adulthood and is it associated with better dietary quality? Findings from a 10-year longitudinal study
Authors: Laska Melissa N , Larson Nicole I , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne , Story Mary
Published: November 2011

Objectives

To examine whether involvement in food preparation tracks over time, between adolescence (15–18 years), emerging adulthood (19–23 years) and the mid-to-late twenties (24–28 years), as well as 10-year longitudinal associations between home food preparation, dietary quality and meal patterning.

Design

Population-based, longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

Participants were originally sampled from Minnesota public secondary schools (USA).

Subjects

Participants enrolled in Project EAT (Eating Among Teens and Young Adults)-I, EAT-II and EAT-III (n 1321).

Results

Most participants in their mid-to-late twenties reported an enjoyment of cooking (73 % of males, 80 % of females); however, few prepared meals including vegetables most days of the week (24 % of males, 41 % of females). Participants in their mid-to-late twenties who enjoyed cooking were more likely to have engaged in food preparation as adolescents and emerging adults (P < 0·01); those who frequently prepared meals including vegetables were more likely to have engaged in food preparation as emerging adults (P < 0·001), but not as adolescents. Emerging adult food preparation predicted better dietary quality five years later in the mid-to-late twenties, including higher intakes of fruit, vegetables and dark green/orange vegetables, and less sugar-sweetened beverage and fast-food consumption. Associations between adolescent food preparation and later dietary quality yielded few significant results.

Conclusions

Food preparation behaviours appeared to track over time and engagement in food preparation during emerging adulthood, but not adolescence, was associated with healthier dietary intake during the mid-to-late twenties. Intervention studies are needed to understand whether promoting healthy food preparation results in improvements in eating patterns during the transition to adulthood.
Impact of technological synchronicity on prospects for CETI
Authors: Horvat Marko , Nakić Anamari , Otočan Ivana
Published: November 2011

For over 50 years, astronomers have searched the skies for evidence of electromagnetic signals from extraterrestrial (ET) civilizations that have reached or surpassed our level of technological development. Although often overlooked or given as granted, the parallel use of an equivalent communication technology is a necessary prerequisite for establishing contact in both leakage and deliberate messaging strategies. Civilization advancements, especially accelerating change and exponential growth, lessen the perspective for a simultaneous technological status of civilizations thus putting hard constraints on the likelihood of a dialogue. In this paper, we consider the mathematical probability of technological synchronicity of our own and a number of other hypothetical ET civilizations and explore the most likely scenarios for their concurrency. If Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) projects rely on a fortuitous detection of leaked interstellar signals (so-called ‘eavesdropping’) then with minimum prior assumptions N⩾138–4991 Earth-like civilizations have to exist at this moment in the Galaxy for the technological usage synchronicity probability p⩾0.95 in the next 20 years. We also show that since the emergence of complex life, coherent with the hypothesis of the Galactic habitable zone (GHZ), N⩾1497 ET civilizations had to be created in the Galaxy in order to achieve the same estimated probability in the technological possession synchronicity that corresponds to the deliberate signalling scenario.
Sound and Writing: Complementary Facets of the Anglo-Scottish Ballad
Authors: ATKINSON DAVID
Published: November 2011

The Anglo-Scottish ‘traditional’ ballad has coexisted in the different media of sound and writing from the early modern period to the present day. Nevertheless, it became the orthodoxy in the twentieth century that the ballad should be conceptually tied to its vocal performance. This essay seeks to argue that in fact a hierarchy of documentation that privileges sound is misleading. Rather, the ballad has always been, and remains, accessible through complementary media, fulfilling different purposes and following different conventions.

It considers different levels of music-writing (‘prescriptive’ and ‘descriptive’) and the non-indexical relationship between sound and writing in the ontology of music. It goes on to relate the privileging of sound over writing to the ‘metaphysics of presence’, and offers theoretical reasons as to why both sound and writing can in fact be divorced from the metaphysics of presence. A further analogy is offered with the work of the text and music editor in establishing a ‘set of instructions’ for the reconstruction of the ‘work’. Some pragmatic examples and theoretical principles are considered in relation to how ballad words might be transcribed, leading to the conclusion that different and complementary sets of instructions facilitate access to the intangible ballad, without the need to posit any hierarchical relationship between sound and writing.
Evaluation of bio‐optical inversion of spectral irradiance measured from an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Moline Mark A. , Robbins Ian , Zelenke Brian , Pegau W. Scott , Wijesekera Hemantha
Published: November 2011

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) can map water conditions at high spatial (horizontal and vertical) and temporal resolution, including under cloudy conditions when satellite and airborne remote sensing are not feasible. As part of the RADYO program, we deployed a passive radiometer on an AUV in the Santa Barbara Channel and off the coast of Hawaii to apply existing bio‐optical algorithms for characterizing the optical constituents of coastal seawater (i.e., dissolved organic material, algal biomass, and other particles). The spectral differences between attenuation coefficients were computed from ratios of downwelling irradiance measured at depth and used to provide estimates of the in‐water optical constituents. There was generally good agreement between derived values of absorption and concurrent measurements of this inherent optical property in Santa Barbara Channel. Wave focusing, cloud cover, and low attenuation coefficients influenced results off the coast of Hawaii and are used to evaluate the larger‐scale application of these methods in the near surface coastal oceans.
Complex microbiome underlying secondary and primary metabolism in the tunicate-
Prochloron
symbiosis
Authors: Donia Mohamed S. , Fricke W. Florian , Partensky Frédéric , Cox James , Elshahawi Sherif I. , White James R. , Phillippy Adam M. , Schatz Michael C. , Piel Joern , Haygood Margo G. , Ravel Jacques , Schmidt Eric W.
Published: November 2011

The relationship between tunicates and the uncultivated cyanobacterium
Prochloron didemni
has long provided a model symbiosis.
P. didemni
is required for survival of animals such as
Lissoclinum patella
and also makes secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest. Here, we present the metagenomes, chemistry, and microbiomes of four related
L. patella
tunicate samples from a wide geographical range of the tropical Pacific. The remarkably similar
P. didemni
genomes are the most complex so far assembled from uncultivated organisms. Although
P. didemni
has not been stably cultivated and comprises a single strain in each sample, a complete set of metabolic genes indicates that the bacteria are likely capable of reproducing outside the host. The sequences reveal notable peculiarities of the photosynthetic apparatus and explain the basis of nutrient exchange underlying the symbiosis.
P. didemni
likely profoundly influences the lipid composition of the animals by synthesizing sterols and an unusual lipid with biofuel potential. In addition,
L. patella
also harbors a great variety of other bacterial groups that contribute nutritional and secondary metabolic products to the symbiosis. These bacteria possess an enormous genetic potential to synthesize new secondary metabolites. For example, an antitumor candidate molecule, patellazole, is not encoded in the genome of
Prochloron
and was linked to other bacteria from the microbiome. This study unveils the complex
L. patella
microbiome and its impact on primary and secondary metabolism, revealing a remarkable versatility in creating and exchanging small molecules.
miR-150 regulates the development of NK and iNKT cells
Authors: Bezman Natalie A. , Chakraborty Tirtha , Bender Timothy , Lanier Lewis L.
Published: November 2011

Natural killer (NK) and invariant NK T (iNKT) cells are critical in host defense against pathogens and for the initiation of adaptive immune responses. miRNAs play important roles in NK and iNKT cell development, maturation, and function, but the roles of specific miRNAs are unclear. We show that modulation of miR-150 expression levels has a differential effect on NK and iNKT cell development. Mice with a targeted deletion of miR-150 have an impaired, cell lineage–intrinsic defect in their ability to generate mature NK cells. Conversely, a gain-of-function miR-150 transgene promotes the development of NK cells, which display a more mature phenotype and are more responsive to activation. In contrast, overexpression of miR-150 results in a substantial reduction of iNKT cells in the thymus and in the peripheral lymphoid organs. The transcription factor c-Myb has been shown to be a direct target of miR-150. Our finding of increased NK cell and decreased iNKT cell frequencies in Myb heterozygous bone marrow chimeras suggests that miR-150 differentially controls the development of NK and iNKT cell lineages by targeting c-Myb.
Using Positive Youth Development Constructs to Design a Drug Education Curriculum for Junior Secondary Students in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Ching Man , Lau Patrick S. Y. , Law Ben M. F. , Poon Y. H.
Published: November 2011

This paper outlines the design of a new curriculum for positive youth development (P.A.T.H.S. II) in Hong Kong. The paper discusses the conceptual base for designing a drug-education curriculum for junior-secondary students using four positive youth development constructs—cognitive competence, emotional competence, beliefs in the future, and self-efficacy. The program design is premised on the belief that adolescents do have developmental assets; therefore, the curriculum is designed to develop their psychosocial competencies. The goal of the curriculum is to develop the selfhood of these youths and ultimately achieve the goal of successful adolescent development.
Modesty in self‐presentation: A comparison between the USA and Japan
Authors: Yamagishi Toshio , Hashimoto Hirofumi , Cook Karen S. , Kiyonari Toko , Shinada Mizuho , Mifune Nobuhiro , Inukai Keigo , Takagishi Haruto , Horita Yutaka , Li Yang
Published: November 2011

Japanese participants in Study 1 exhibited a self‐effacing tendency when no reason for their self‐evaluation was provided. However, they exhibited a self‐enhancing tendency when they were offered a monetary reward for the correct evaluation. In Study 2, Americans, especially American men, exhibited a self‐enhancing tendency whereas Japanese exhibited a self‐effacing tendency when no reason for making the evaluation was presented. This cultural difference disappeared when participants were provided with a monetary reward for correctly evaluating their performance level. These results support the view that the modesty observed in self‐evaluation among Japanese participants is a ‘default strategy’ to avoid offending others.
Involvement of α2‐ and β2‐adrenoceptors on breast cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth regulation
Authors: Pérez Piñero C , Bruzzone A , Sarappa MG , Castillo LF , Lüthy IA
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE β‐Adrenoceptors are expressed in human and experimental animal breast cancer cells. However, the effect of the agonists and antagonists reported on cell proliferation and tumour growth was paradoxical, precluding their utilization as possible adjuvant therapy, mainly in the cases of refractory tumours.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH β‐Adrenoceptor expression was analysed by immunofluorescence and RT‐PCR. Cell proliferation was assessed by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation, tumour growth by measuring with a calliper and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation by Western blotting.

KEY RESULTS β2‐Adrenoceptor expression was confirmed in the mouse and human cells tested. Cell proliferation was increased by adrenaline (by α2‐adrenoceptor action) and decreased in every tested cell line by the β‐adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline and the β2‐adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol. Isoprenaline and salbutamol reduced tumour growth in every tumour tested (mouse C4‐HD and CC4‐3‐HI and human IBH‐4, IBH‐6 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines growing as xenografts in nude mice). These effects were reversed by the β‐adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. The α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist rauwolscine and the β2‐adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol were equally effective in diminishing tumour growth. ERK 1/2 activation analysed in IBH‐4 tumours correlated with tumour growth, with the β‐adrenoceptor agonists decreasing its activation. Inhibition of ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in vitro was mainly mediated by the PKA pathway.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In our experimental models, the β‐adrenoceptor agonists inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth, probably mediated by inhibition of ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. The β‐adrenoceptor agonists were as effective as the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist rauwolscine, providing possible novel adjuvant treatments for breast cancer.
Mitral Annular Abscess with Acquired Left Ventriculo‐Atrial Fistula
Authors: Chandra Sharad , Vijay Sudarshan Kumar , Dwivedi Sudhanshu Kumar , Saran Ram Kirti
Published: November 2011

(Echocardiography 2012;29:E48‐E49)
Correlations among Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Bother, and Quality of Life in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Associated Fluctuations with Tamsulosin Administration
Authors: GOTOH Momokazu , MATSUKAWA Yoshihisa , FUNAHASHI Yasuhito , KATO Masashi , MASEKI Yoshiro , NARITA Harunori , KAMIHIRA Osamu , HATTORI Ryohei
Published: November 2011

Objectives: To estimate correlations among lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), bother, and quality of life (QOL) and assess fluctuations in these parameters after α1‐blocker administration in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: Untreated BPH patients with international prostate symptom scores (IPSS) ≥ 8 and IPSS‐QOL scores ≥ 2 were administered tamsulosin at 0.2 mg/day for 4 weeks in a prospective multicenter study. We subsequently estimated the IPSS, bother score for each IPSS item, BPH impact index (BII), and IPSS‐QOL score before and 4 weeks after tamsulosin administration. We also analyzed the LUTS that might strongly influence QOL by using a path analysis model.

Results: Analyzable data were obtained from 198 of the 257 patients enrolled. The IPSS were highest for LUTS such as slow stream, followed by increased daytime frequency and nocturia. The bother score was highest for slow stream, followed by nocturia. We observed dissociations between IPSS and bother scores for both urgency and nocturia. After tamsulosin administration, total and individual IPSS, total and individual bother scores, total and individual BII scores, and IPSS‐QOL score demonstrated significant improvements. Path analysis showed that physical discomfort and bothersomeness were BII items that strongly influenced QOL. Furthermore, feeling of incomplete emptying, urgency, and slow stream were LUTS that strongly influenced QOL.

Conclusion: Tamsulosin administration improved patient QOL by possible mechanisms via improvement in subjective symptoms and bother. The LUTS that strongly influenced QOL comprised feeling of incomplete emptying, urgency, and slow stream.
Tradition as Impulse for Renewal and Witness: Introducing Orthodox Missiology in the IRM
Authors: Papathanasiou Athanasios N.
Published: November 2011

At the dawn of the 20th century the Orthodox churches found themselves in a strange, even contradictory situation. On the one hand, they had a rich missionary past (the Byzantine and the Russian missions) and a dynamic theology which accepted local cultures and stressed the importance of trinitarianism and pneumatology. Yet on the other hand, the Orthodox churches had turned inwards, locked in with the national identities of the traditionally Orthodox countries. Thus Orthodox theology was almost completely absent during the first two decades of the International Review of Missions. Then some Orthodox voices began to appear. The most important Orthodox contributions to the IRM have been the holistic understanding of mission as martyria and diakonia, an inclusive approach to Christ's cosmic work, and the understanding of the church as the foretaste of the kingdom and the servant of the missionary God.
Analysis of Hot Streak Effects on Turbine Rotor Heat Load
Authors: Shang T. , Epstein A. H.
Published: November 2011

The influence of inlet hot streak temperature distortion on turbine blade heat load was explored on a transonic axial flow turbine stage test article using a three-dimensional, multiblade row unsteady Euler code. The turbine geometry was the same as that used for a recently reported testing of hot streak influence. Emphasis was placed on elucidating the physical mechanisms by which hot streaks affect turbine durability. It was found that temperature distortion significantly increases both blade surface heat load nonuniformity and total blade heat load by as much as 10–30 percent (mainly on the pressure surface), and that the severity of this influence is a strong function of turbine geometry and flow conditions. Three physical mechanisms were identified that drive the heat load nonuniformity: buoyancy, wake convection (the Kerrebrock–Mikolajczak effect), and Rotor–Stator interactions. The latter can generate significant nonuniformity of the time-averaged relative frame rotor inlet temperature distribution. Dependence of these effects on turbine design variables was investigated to shed light on the design space, which minimizes the adverse effects of hot streaks.
An Organoselenium Compound Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms on Hemodialysis Catheters
In Vivo
Authors: Tran Phat L. , Lowry Nathan , Campbell Thomas , Reid Ted W. , Webster Daniel R. , Tobin Eric , Aslani Arash , Mosley Thomas , Dertien Janet , Colmer-Hamood Jane A. , Hamood Abdul N.
Published: November 2011

Colonization of central venous catheters (CVCs) by pathogenic bacteria leads to catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). These colonizing bacteria form highly antibiotic-resistant biofilms.
Staphylococcus aureus
is one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in CRBSIs. Impregnating CVC surfaces with antimicrobial agents has various degrees of effectiveness in reducing the incidence of CRBSIs. We recently showed that organoselenium covalently attached to disks as an antibiofilm agent inhibited the development of
S. aureus
biofilms. In this study, we investigated the ability of an organoselenium coating on hemodialysis catheters (HDCs) to inhibit
S. aureus
biofilms
in vitro
and
in vivo
.
S. aureus
failed to develop biofilms on HDCs coated with selenocyanatodiacetic acid (SCAA) in either static or flowthrough continuous-culture systems. The SCAA coating also inhibited the development of
S. aureus
biofilms on HDCs
in vivo
for 3 days. The SCAA coating was stable and nontoxic to cell culture or animals. This new method for coating the internal and external surfaces of HDCs with SCAA has the potential to prevent catheter-related infections due to
S. aureus
.
MULTIAGENT EXPEDITION WITH GRAPHICAL MODELS
Authors: XIANG YANG , HANSHAR FRANK
Published: November 2011

We investigate a class of multiagent planning problems termed multiagent expedition, where agents move around an open, unknown, partially observable, stochastic, and physical environment, in pursuit of multiple and alternative goals of different utility. Optimal planning in multiagent expedition is highly intractable. We introduce the notion of conditional optimality, decompose the task into a set of semi-independent optimization subtasks, and apply a decision-theoretic multiagent graphical model to solve each subtask optimally. A set of techniques are proposed to enhance modeling so that the resultant graphical model can be practically evaluated. Effectiveness of the framework and its scalability are demonstrated through experiments. Multiagent expedition can be characterized as decentralized partially observable Markov decision processes (Dec-POMDPs). Hence, this work contributes towards practical planning in Dec-POMDPs.
INTERVAL METHODS IN KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
Authors: Kreinovich Vladik
Published: November 2011

Please send your abstracts (or copies of papers that you want to see reviewed here) to vladik@utep.edu, or by regular mail to Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
Fracture characterization in the Chalk and the evolution of the Thanet monocline, Kent, southern England
Authors: Ameen Mohammed S.
Published: November 2011

Systematic studies of fractures in the exposed Upper Cretaceous Chalk and from seismic data are used to establish the evolution of the regional structure and the related fractures on the Isle of Thanet, Kent. The results show that the main structure developed as an easterly trending, south facing, monoclinal forced fold with a WNW-ESE trending cross forced fold along a basement grain (Pegwell Bay-Minnis Bay transtension/transpression zone). The folding started during the deposition of the Chalk in the Upper Cretaceous due to an extensional tectonic phase accompanied by differential sedimentation and compaction [vertical (
σ
1
) and horizontal (
σ
3
)] which induced vertical and steep macrofractures (mainly joints and some extensional faults) in the Chalk. This was followed late in the Upper Cretaceous by a horizontal, N-S compression (
σ
1
) which continued in the Tertiary and caused inversion of movement on the basement faults and the occurrence of the final stages in the forced folding. The latter phase led to the rejuvenation of the pre-existing fractures in the cover (mainly by faulting) and the development of new fractures (mostly faults and joints). An uplifting/unloading phase started late in the deformation history and caused the occurrence of near horizontal (bedding-parallel) fractures (joints) and bedding-perpendicular or steep mesofractures parallel to, and perpendicular to, the burial/tectonic macrofractures. These have particularly developed at the top several metres of the exposed Chalk where a rapid increase in frequency of fractures is clear.

The fracture characterization of the Chalk varies significantly in different parts of the monocline. Based on such variation a minimum of four domains (zones) have been identified. The heterogeneity in the fracture development is most probably controlled by the variation in orientation and type of the causative basement faults and the amount and type of displacement on them.
RAID 6 Hardware Acceleration
Authors: Gilroy Michael , Irvine James , Atkinson Robert
Published: November 2011

Inexpensive, reliable hard disk storage is increasingly required in both businesses and the home. As disk capacities increase and multiple drives are combined in one system the probability of multiple disk failures increases. Through the adoption of RAID 6 the capability to recover from up to two simultaneous disk failures becomes available. In this article, we present three different RAID 6 implementations each tailored to support different target applications and optimized to reduce overall hardware resource utilization. We present an optimal Reed-Solomon-based RAID 6 implementation for arrays of four disks. We also present the smallest in terms of hardware resource utilization as well having the highest throughput RAID 6 hardware solution for disk arrays of up to 15 drives. Finally, we present an implementation supporting up to 255 disks in a single array.
Video face replacement
Authors: Dale Kevin , Sunkavalli Kalyan , Johnson Micah K. , Vlasic Daniel , Matusik Wojciech , Pfister Hanspeter
Published: November 2011

We present a method for replacing facial performances in video. Our approach accounts for differences in identity, visual appearance, speech, and timing between source and target videos. Unlike prior work, it does not require substantial manual operation or complex acquisition hardware, only single-camera video. We use a 3D multilinear model to track the facial performance in both videos. Using the corresponding 3D geometry, we warp the source to the target face and retime the source to match the target performance. We then compute an optimal seam through the video volume that maintains temporal consistency in the final composite. We showcase the use of our method on a variety of examples and present the result of a user study that suggests our results are difficult to distinguish from real video footage.
AppGen
Authors: Dong Yue , Tong Xin , Pellacini Fabio , Guo Baining
Published: November 2011

We present
AppGen
, an interactive system for modeling materials from a single image. Given a texture image of a nearly planar surface lit with directional lighting, our system models the detailed spatially-varying reflectance properties (diffuse, specular and roughness) and surface normal variations with minimal user interaction. We ask users to indicate global shading and reflectance information by roughly marking the image with a few user strokes, while our system assigns reflectance properties and normals to each pixel. We first interactively decompose the input image into the product of a diffuse albedo map and a shading map. A two-scale normal reconstruction algorithm is then introduced to recover the normal variations from the shading map and preserve the geometric features at different scales. We finally assign the specular parameters to each pixel guided by user strokes and the diffuse albedo. Our system generates convincing results within minutes of interaction and works well for a variety of material types that exhibit different reflectance and normal variations, including natural surfaces and man-made ones.
Displacement interpolation using Lagrangian mass transport
Authors: Bonneel Nicolas , van de Panne Michiel , Paris Sylvain , Heidrich Wolfgang
Published: November 2011

Interpolation between pairs of values, typically vectors, is a fundamental operation in many computer graphics applications. In some cases simple linear interpolation yields meaningful results without requiring domain knowledge. However, interpolation between pairs of distributions or pairs of functions often demands more care because features may exhibit translational motion between exemplars. This property is not captured by linear interpolation. This paper develops the use of
displacement interpolation
for this class of problem, which provides a generic method for interpolating between distributions or functions based on advection instead of blending. The functions can be non-uniformly sampled, high-dimensional, and defined on non-Euclidean manifolds, e.g., spheres and tori. Our method decomposes distributions or functions into sums of radial basis functions (RBFs). We solve a mass transport problem to pair the RBFs and apply partial transport to obtain the interpolated function. We describe practical methods for computing the RBF decomposition and solving the transport problem. We demonstrate the interpolation approach on synthetic examples, BRDFs, color distributions, environment maps, stipple patterns, and value functions.
Controlling physics-based characters using soft contacts
Authors: Jain Sumit , Liu C. Karen
Published: November 2011

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the deformable bodies on the control algorithms for physically simulated characters. We hypothesize that ignoring the effect of deformable bodies at the site of contact negatively affects the control algorithms, leading to less robust and unnatural character motions. To verify the hypothesis, we introduce a compact representation for an articulated character with deformable soft tissue and develop a practical system to simulate two-way coupling between rigid and deformable bodies in a robust and efficient manner. We then apply a few simple and widely used control algorithms, such as pose-space tracking control, Cartesian-space tracking control, and a biped controller (SIMBICON), to simulate a variety of behaviors for both full-body locomotion and hand manipulation. We conduct a series of experiments to compare our results with the motion generated by these algorithms on a character comprising only rigid bodies. The evaluation shows that the character with soft contact can withstand larger perturbations in a more noisy environment, as well as produce more realistic motion.
Multiscale vector volumes
Authors: Wang Lvdi , Yu Yizhou , Zhou Kun , Guo Baining
Published: November 2011

We introduce
multiscale vector volumes
, a compact vector representation for volumetric objects with complex internal structures spanning a wide range of scales. With our representation, an object is decomposed into components and each component is modeled as an
SDF tree
, a novel data structure that uses multiple signed distance functions (SDFs) to further decompose the volumetric component into regions. Multiple signed distance functions collectively can represent non-manifold surfaces and deliver a powerful vector representation for complex volumetric features. We use
multiscale embedding
to combine object components at different scales into one complex volumetric object. As a result, regions with dramatically different scales and complexities can co-exist in an object. To facilitate volumetric object authoring and editing, we have also developed a scripting language and a GUI prototype. With the help of a recursively defined spatial indexing structure, our vector representation supports fast random access, and arbitrary cross sections of complex volumetric objects can be visualized in real time.