bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of Porcine-Derived Xenograft as an Adjunct to Split-Thickness Skin Grafting in Lower-Extremity Wounds
Authors: Bekeny Jenna C. , Kennedy Christopher , Turissini Jon D. , Naz Iram , Walters Elliot T. , Kim Paul J. , Evans Karen K. , Steinberg John , Elmarsafi Tammer , Attinger Christopher E.
Published: June 2021

Objective

Porcine-derived xenograft biological dressings (PXBDs) are occasionally used to prepare chronic wound beds for definitive closure before split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs). We sought to determine whether PXBD influences rate of STSG take in lower-extremity wounds.

Methods

Lower-extremity wounds treated with STSGs were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included in one of two groups: wound bed preparation with PXBD before STSG or no preparation. Patients were excluded if they received wound bed preparation via another method. Patient demographics, comorbidities, wound history, wound bed preparation, and 30- and 60-day outcomes were collected.

Results

There was no difference in healing outcomes between the PXBD (n = 27) and no preparation (n = 39) groups. At 30- and 60-day follow-up, percentage of STSG take was not significantly different between groups (77.9% versus 79.0%, P30 = .818; 82.2% versus 80.9%, P60 = .422). Mean wound sizes at these follow-up periods were not different (4.4 cm2 versus 5.1 cm2, P30 = .902; 1.2 cm2 versus 1.1 cm2, P60 = .689). The PXBD group had a higher mean ± SD hemoglobin A1c level (8.3 ± 3.5 versus 6.9 ± 1.6; P = .074) and age (64.9 ± 12.8 years versus 56.3 ± 11.9 years; P = .007) versus the no preparation group.

Conclusions

Application of PXBDs for wound bed preparation had no effect on wound healing compared with no wound bed preparation. The two groups varied only by mean age and hemoglobin A1c level. The PXBD may be beneficial, but these results call for randomized controlled trials to determine the true impact of PXBDs on wound healing. In addition, PXBDs may have utility outside of clinically oriented outcomes, and future work should address patient-reported outcomes and pain scores with this adjunct.
Novel Technique for the Treatment of a Tongue-Type Calcaneal Fracture in the Setting of Chronic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Capuzzi Mark , Laco Nicholas , Ford Timothy
Published: June 2021

Osteomyelitis of the calcaneus combined with a pathologic fracture is a rare and difficult presentation for any practicing foot and ankle surgeon. Treatment for achieving an aseptic nonunion involves a variety of steps, including surgical debridement, antibiotic administration, and fracture stabilization. In this case series, we report a novel technique for the treatment of a tongue-type calcaneal fracture in the setting of chronic osteomyelitis using the Biomet JuggerLoc bone-to-bone system for fixation.
The impact of semantics on aspect level opinion mining
Authors: Aboelela Eman M. , Gad Walaa , Ismail Rasha
Published: June 2021

Recently, many users prefer online shopping to purchase items from the web. Shopping websites allow customers to submit comments and provide their feedback for the purchased products. Opinion mining and sentiment analysis are used to analyze products’ comments to help sellers and purchasers decide to buy products or not. However, the nature of online comments affects the performance of the opinion mining process because they may contain negation words or unrelated aspects to the product. To address these problems, a semantic-based aspect level opinion mining (SALOM) model is proposed. The SALOM extracts the product aspects based on the semantic similarity and classifies the comments. The proposed model considers the negation words and other types of product aspects such as aspects’ synonyms, hyponyms, and hypernyms to improve the accuracy of classification. Three different datasets are used to evaluate the proposed SALOM. The experimental results are promising in terms of Precision, Recall, and F-measure. The performance reaches 94.8% precision, 93% recall, and 92.6% f-measure.
Full depth CNN classifier for handwritten and license plate characters recognition
Authors: Salemdeeb Mohammed , Ertürk Sarp
Published: June 2021

Character recognition is an important research field of interest for many applications. In recent years, deep learning has made breakthroughs in image classification, especially for character recognition. However, convolutional neural networks (CNN) still deliver state-of-the-art results in this area. Motivated by the success of CNNs, this paper proposes a simple novel full depth stacked CNN architecture for Latin and Arabic handwritten alphanumeric characters that is also utilized for license plate (LP) characters recognition. The proposed architecture is constructed by four convolutional layers, two max-pooling layers, and one fully connected layer. This architecture is low-complex, fast, reliable and achieves very promising classification accuracy that may move the field forward in terms of low complexity, high accuracy and full feature extraction. The proposed approach is tested on four benchmarks for handwritten character datasets, Fashion-MNIST dataset, public LP character datasets and a newly introduced real LP isolated character dataset. The proposed approach tests report an error of only 0.28% for MNIST, 0.34% for MAHDB, 1.45% for AHCD, 3.81% for AIA9K, 5.00% for Fashion-MNIST, 0.26% for Saudi license plate character and 0.97% for Latin license plate characters datasets. The license plate characters include license plates from Turkey (TR), Europe (EU), USA, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Matching sensor ontologies through siamese neural networks without using reference alignment
Authors: Xue Xingsi , Jiang Chao , Zhang Jie , Zhu Hai , Yang Chaofan
Published: June 2021

Sensors have been growingly used in a variety of applications. The lack of semantic information of obtained sensor data will bring about the heterogeneity problem of sensor data in semantic, schema, and syntax levels. To solve the heterogeneity problem of sensor data, it is necessary to carry out the sensor ontology matching process to determine correspondences among heterogeneous sensor concepts. In this paper, we propose a Siamese Neural Network based Ontology Matching technique (SNN-OM) to align the sensor ontologies, which does not require the utilization of reference alignment to train the network model. In particular, a representative concepts extraction method is presented to enhance the model’s performance and reduce the time of the training process, and an alignment refining method is proposed to enhance the alignments’ quality by removing the logically conflict correspondences. The experimental results show that SNN-OM is capable of efficiently determining high-quality sensor ontology alignments.
Local network connectivity optimization: an evaluation of heuristics applied to complex spatial networks, a transportation case study, and a spatial social network
Authors: Auerbach Jeremy , Kim Hyun
Published: June 2021

Optimizing global connectivity in spatial networks, either through rewiring or adding edges, can increase the flow of information and increase the resilience of the network to failures. Yet, rewiring is not feasible for systems with fixed edges and optimizing global connectivity may not result in optimal local connectivity in systems where that is wanted. We describe the local network connectivity optimization problem, where costly edges are added to a systems with an established and fixed edge network to increase connectivity to a specific location, such as in transportation and telecommunication systems. Solutions to this problem maximize the number of nodes within a given distance to a focal node in the network while they minimize the number and length of additional connections. We compare several heuristics applied to random networks, including two novel planar random networks that are useful for spatial network simulation research, a real-world transportation case study, and a set of real-world social network data. Across network types, significant variation between nodal characteristics and the optimal connections was observed. The characteristics along with the computational costs of the search for optimal solutions highlights the need of prescribing effective heuristics. We offer a novel formulation of the genetic algorithm, which outperforms existing techniques. We describe how this heuristic can be applied to other combinatorial and dynamic problems.
Application of a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network for identification of peach cultivars based on physical characteristics
Authors: Al-Saif Adel M. , Abdel-Sattar Mahmoud , Aboukarima Abdulwahed M. , Eshra Dalia H.
Published: June 2021

In the fresh fruit industry, identification of fruit cultivars and fruit quality is of vital importance. In the current study, nine peach cultivars (Dixon, Early Grande, Flordaprince, Flordastar, Flordaglo, Florda 834, TropicSnow, Desertred, and Swelling) were evaluated for differences in skin color, firmness, and size. Additionally, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network was applied for identification of the cultivars according to these attributes. The MLP was trained with an input layer including six input nodes, a single hidden layer with six hidden nodes, and an output layer with nine output nodes. A hyperbolic tangent activation function was used in the hidden layer and the cross entropy error was given because the softmax activation function was functional to the output layer. Results showed that the cross entropy error was 0.165. The peach identification process was significantly affected by the following variables in order of contribution (normalized importance): polar diameter (100%),L∗(89.0),b∗(88.0%),a∗(78.5%), firmness (71.3%), and cross diameter (37.5.3%). The MLP was found to be a viable method of peach cultivar identification and classification because few identifying attributes were required and an overall classification accuracy of 100% was achieved in the testing phase. Measurements and quantitative discrimination of peach properties are provided in this research; these data may help enhance the processing efficiency and quality of processed peaches.
Chemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Seaweed Jelly Candy (Eucheuma cottonii) with the Addition of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Extract
Authors: Amalia Suci Rizkia , Rostini Iis , Syamsuddin Mega Laksmini , Pratama Rusky Intan
Published: June 2021

Eucheuma cottonii is one of seaweed species that has beneficial economic value and widely cultivated in Indonesia. Diversifying product into seaweed jelly candy could be carried out to utilize the source. The seaweed distinctive aroma is one of problem in producing jelly candy. Ingredient with strong aroma such as red ginger is needed to covered the smell. This research was aimed to determine the optimum concentration of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extract and seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) to produce high quality jelly candy based on chemical and organoleptic characteristics. This research used an experimental method consisting of 4 different concentration of red ginger extract (0%, 40%, 50% and 60%) with 20 panelists as evaluators. Chemical composition (water content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content) and organoleptic characteristics (appearance, aroma, texture, taste) of jelly candy were observed as parameters in this research. The results showed that the addition of 50% red ginger extract to jelly candy produced the best organoleptic characteristics and most preferred by panelists. The chemical analysis showed the jelly candy contained 6,22% water, 0,88% protein, 0,19% fat, 96,82% carbohydrate, and 1,54% crude fiber. Addition 50% of red ginger extract is recommended to produce seaweed jelly candy that has the best and most preferred characteristics.
Preliminary Study of Insect Diversity and Its Economic Importance in Agulu-Nanka Gully Sites
Authors: Stephanie Ochiagha Chinemelum , Joseph Okeke John , Chimela Ibe Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

The study was designed to investigate the insect diversity and its economic importance in Agulu and Nanka gully sites using standard procedures. A total of 1,609 insects belonging to 15 species were identified from the study sites, which comprised of 1026 individuals belonging to 15 species from Agulu and 583 specimens belonging to 8 species from Nanka. The diversity of the insect species highlighted the dominance, diversity index, species richness and species evenness. Blattodea were the most dominant order in both Agulu site (43.27%), and Nanka site (56.60%). The order Blattodea was the most diverse (0.725) in Nanka site, whereas the order Coleoptera was the most diverse (0.740) in Agulu site. Results from the economic importance revealed 8 insect species as harmful, 3 species as beneficial, while 4 insect species were considered as both beneficial and harmful. Beneficial insects are edible and good agents of pollination while the harmful insects devour agricultural produce and stored food. The result of this study shows that gully erosion site is dominated by insect diversity, probably due to the flora regeneration.
Epidemiologia do araneísmo por Loxosceles e Phoneutria no município de Cruzeiro do Iguaçu - Paraná – Brasil
Authors: Benedet Daiana Patrícia , Bertan Fernanda Aparecida Brocco , Zorzan Marilaine , Tessaro Dinéia
Published: June 2021

Introdução: as aranhas são artrópodes encontrados com elevada frequência em diferentes ambientes, favorecendo a ocorrência de
acidentes em áreas urbanas e rurais, em diferentes níveis de gravidade, sendo os acidentes mais frequentes provocados por aranhas
do gênero Loxosceles e Phoneutria. No entanto, apesar dos riscos associados, pouco se sabe a respeito do araneísmo no interior do
Paraná. Objetivo: o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os dados epidemiológicos dos casos de araneísmo notificados nos
anos de 2014 e 2015 no município de Cruzeiro do Iguaçu-Paraná. Metodologia: os dados foram obtidos através do levantamento
junto a Secretaria de Saúde do município pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: foram notificados 23
acidentes com aranhas entre os anos de 2014 e 2015, sendo 10 acidentes relacionados ao gênero Loxosceles, 6 ao gênero Phoneutria,
5 acidentes com outras espécies não identificadas e outros 2 acidentes com agente causador ignorado. Conclusão: no município, os
acidentes com Phoneutria e Loxosceles ocorrem o ano todo, contudo, há maior incidência de loxocelismo no mês de março. Dentre
os casos notificados neste artigo, as vítimas acometidas por Loxosceles foram, em sua maioria, pessoas do sexo masculino, enquanto
as vítimas de Phoneutria foram de ambos os sexos, preferencialmente indivíduos adultos com faixa etária entre 20 e 39 anos, para
ambos os artrópodes relacionados. Ocorreu maior demora na busca por atendimento médico nos casos de acidentes com aranhas
do gênero Loxosceles.
Fatores de risco para osteoporose em uma amostra da população de atenção primária em São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Jozélio Freire de , Klack Karin , Domingues Elaine Zamora , Castro Pedro Paulo Neves de , Brandão Neto Rodrigo Antônio , Nemes Filho Alexandre
Published: June 2021

Introdução: a segurança é considerada um pilar da qualidade dos cuidados à saúde e seu sucesso depende do comprometimento
individual e coletivo, porém, seu ensino é incipiente nas faculdades de medicina brasileiras. Objetivo: avaliar o impacto de intervenção sobre segurança do paciente no conhecimento e atitude dos alunos de medicina. Metodologia: conduziu-se o estudo do tipo pré-pós intervenção de janeiro a novembro de 2017. Todos os estudantes de graduação de medicina do 6° ano que realizaram estágio no hospital sob estudo foram incluídos. A intervenção compreendeu acolhimento, aula expositiva, estágio e aplicação de questionário para avaliar conhecimento e atitude sobre erro humano e segurança do paciente, que foi aplicado em 3 momentos: antes da aula e do estágio, imediatamente após a aula e após 15 dias da aula e término do estágio. As notificações de incidentes foram analisadas. Resultados: participaram 98 (100%) estudantes, dos quais 62% eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 25,8 anos. Após a intervenção, observou-se melhora significativa no conhecimento sobre a inevitabilidade do erro em saúde e a caracterização do profissional envolvido no incidente. As atitudes autorreferidas melhoraram significativamente em relação à necessidade de apoio institucional, abordagem sistêmica e adoção de práticas seguras para prevenção de erros; comunicação sobre riscos e erros para superiores, paciente e familiares e que apenas os médicos podem analisar os incidentes. Conclusão: a intervenção foi efetiva para aumentar o conhecimento dos estudantes sobre cultura de segurança, porém limitou-se na mudança de atitude, pois não evidenciou a notificação de incidentes em saúde.
PRAGMÁTICA E COGNIÇÃO OU O PROCESSO INFERENCIAL DE BRASILEIROS NA APRENDIZAGEM DA LÍNGUA ESPANHOLA
Authors: Dos Santos Sebastião Lourenço
Published: June 2021

Nossa comunicação é essencial para que possamos interagir nas atividades que efetuamos em sociedade, sendo a recorrência à linguagem verbalizada uma forma bastante produtiva para a execução da prática comunicativa. Tendo em vista esses pressupostos e utilizando como aporte teórico a Teoria da Relevância (SPERBER; WILSON, 2001), analisamos treze produções textuais de língua espanhola, na Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, com o objetivo de descrever como ocorrem os processos inferenciais dos alunos brasileiros na aprendizagem do artigo neutro “lo”. Acreditamos que este breve estudo pode lançar alguma luz sobre a descrição da competência comunicativa de aprendizes brasileiros de língua espanhola.
ESCRITA E LIBERDADE NO PERÍODO COLONIAL: O CASO DA REVOLTA DOS LETRADOS (1794)
Authors: Moreno André Luiz Alves
Published: June 2021

Em busca de pistas que possam nos aproximar de uma história da cultura escrita no Brasil, este trabalho busca investigar, a partir de cenários sediciosos, e com base no método do cômputo de assinaturas e na análise das provas materiais apreendidas em autos de processos devassatórios jurídico-laicos de insurreição, a distribuição e o perfil social dos sujeitos que firmaram suas assinaturas no âmbito do processo devassatório da Revolta dos Letrados (1794), no Rio de Janeiro. As chamadas devassas de insurreição compõem uma importante fonte da história do Brasil, pois, tendo a finalidade de investigar o delito de lesa-majestade, imprimem em seu conteúdo aspectos relevantes da constituição sociológica do contexto em que estão sendo implantadas e isso as elege como fontes privilegiadas para as investigações que queiram se debruçar sobre esse tipo de investigação.
AS CONSTRUÇÕES RELATIVAS NO PORTUGUÊS POPULAR DE FEIRA DE SANTANA-BA
Authors: Araújo Silvana Silva de Farias , Da Silva Jéssica Carneiro
Published: June 2021

Apresenta-se o resultado do uso variável das construções relativas (CRel) na perspectiva da Sociolinguística em doze entrevistas da fala popular de Feira de Santana-BA. Objetivou-se descrever o português popular feirense e comparar o seu comportamento linguístico com o do português rural afro-brasileiro (BURGOS, 2003; RIBEIRO, 2009, LUCCHESI, 2015). Fixaram-se duas variáveis dependentes: i) relativização de termos não preposicionados – relativas com lacuna e com lembrete, e ii) relativização de termos preposicionados – relativas pied piping e cortadoras. Verificou-se uso exclusivo do relativo que, poucas CRel com lembrete e predominância das cortadoras. Os resultados revelam que o português popular de Feira de Santana aproxima-se do comportamento linguístico observado nas comunidades rurais afro-brasileiras e distancia-se do português de Portugal (SILVA, 2011).
ATITUDES LINGUÍSTICAS EM LOCALIDADES MULTILÍNGUES NO PARANÁ: RESULTADOS DE ESTUDOS DESENVOLVIDOS NO PPGLinC
Authors: Corbari Clarice Cristina , Lamb Fenner Any
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, relatamos resultados de duas pesquisas da área da Sociolinguística, desenvolvidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Língua e Cultura (PPGLinC), da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), com o objetivo de descrever atitudes linguísticas em quatro localidades paranaenses: Guaíra, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Irati e Santo Antônio do Sudoeste. O conceito de atitude que fundamenta as análises considera três componentes situados no mesmo nível: o cognoscitivo (pensamentos e crenças), o afetivo (sentimentos ou emoções) e o conativo (tendências de reação). Utilizamos, para a análise, inquéritos obtidos em entrevistas a 18 informantes de cada localidade, selecionados de acordo com as variáveis sexo, faixa etária e nível de escolaridade. Os estudos mostraram uso regressivo das línguas de herança nas localidades e atitudes predominantemente positivas em relação à fala do outro. Contudo, observamos a recorrência de questões de demarcação identitária.
O PORTUGUÊS LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA (PLE) / SEGUNDA LÍNGUA (PL2) NA UFBA: INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO, DESAFIOS E PROSPECÇÕES
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas Rodrigues , Oliveira Sara Cruz , Mendes Edleise
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a institucionalização da área de português língua estrangeira/segunda língua (PLE-PL2) na UFBA. A partir de um breve histórico (MENDES; 2018, 2020), discutimos as características gerais da Licenciatura em PLE e os princípios que orientam a formação de seus professores. A partir desse cenário, apresentamos os exemplos de duas pesquisas concluídas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Língua e Cultura (PPGLinC) da UFBA (CRUZ, 2019; RODRIGUES, 2019), que analisam, entre outros aspectos, o desenvolvimento de projetos institucionais implementados pela Universidade, como o PROEMPLE e o NUPEL. Os resultados das pesquisas apontam a necessidade de aprimoramento dos projetos institucionais na área, mas destacam a importância dessas ações promovidas pela UFBA, como meio de fortalecimento do ensino e da formação de professores, bem como da internacionalização universitária.
TIPOLOGIA E CLASSIFICAÇÃO SEMÂNTICAS DOS ELEMENTOS PREFIXAIS EM PERSPECTIVA HISTORICOCÊNTRICA
Authors: Lopes Mailson
Published: June 2021

Este artigo incide sobre a semanticidade (ou assemanticidade) dos elementos prefixais, com o delineamento de uma proposta tipológica de categorias a respeito, configuradora de um continuum morfossemântico, sensível a aspectos histórico-diacrônicos. Tal escala abarcaria pelo menos quatro tipos de formativos, numa gradiência que iria de um maior semanticismo até um desbotamento, indeterminação ou ausência de tal propriedade. Além do estabelecimento dessa tipologia tétrade, traz também o artigo uma proposta de classificação dos prefixos prototípicos (semantizados), com base na apreciação de dados empíricos do português e na revisitação à literatura morfológica. O estudo finca-se em pautas da morfologia descritiva, assumindo também princípios da linguística cognitiva, como a não-modularidade, a escalaridade e a interfacialidade entre estruturas, fenômenos e operações constitutivos da língua.
MOTIVAÇÕES BOTÂNICA E RELIGIOSA NA TOPONÍMIA CONTEMPORÂNEA EM SERGIPE
Authors: Neri Santos Cezar Alexandre
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho descreve e analisa os elementos de naturezas física e antropocultural de maior ocorrência na toponímia sergipana, a saber: a vegetação e a religiosidade. Por meio de postulados teórico-metodológicos propostos por Dick (1990a, 1990b, 2007), amplamente aplicado a corpora toponímicos no Brasil, identifica-se que, dos 464 nomes de núcleos de povoamento rurais e urbanos de Sergipe, cerca de um quinto desse corpus são formados por Fitotopônimos (19,6% do total), além da toponimização de elementos cristãos, como elemento inicial ou final da estrutura toponímica, em 61 localidades (13,1% do total). O tratamento dos dados permitiu, ainda, identificar a sobressalência de padrões morfológicos e lexicais nesses signos linguísticos, como o sufixo -eir- em nomes de árvores e a hegemonia católica entre os nomes de motivação semântica religiosa, dada a diversidade de santos e santas e de entidades marianas.
A COVID-19 EM CHARGES: UMA ANÁLISE BASEADA EM FRAMES
Authors: Duque Paulo Henrique
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho analisa e discute os sentidos da COVID-19 em charges publicadas entre os meses de janeiro e julho de 2020, período crítico em que a doença se instalou e se espalhou pelo Brasil. Tal análise é pautada na Semântica de Frames, vertente da Linguística Cognitiva segundo a qual sistemas estruturados de conhecimento, denominados frames, são acessados por elementos presentes no texto. Para a elaboração do corpus, recorremos à técnica de saturação teórica, ferramenta conceptual empregada em investigações qualitativas para estabelecer o tamanho final de uma amostra, com a indicação de um limite para a captação de novos dados. Quanto à investigação, procedemos ao levantamento de pistas verbais e não-verbais salientes nos textos captados, à identificação de possíveis redes conceptuais (frames) modeladas pelas pistas, à representação gráfica dos frames e, por fim, à análise e discussão dos 6 frames identificados: GOVERNO; NEGACIONISMO; PROTEÇÃO; CONTAMINAÇÃO; AGLOMERAÇÃO e ECONOMIA.
Overcoming the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP): a complex mechanism of resistance in the treatment of cancer
Authors: Chambers Cecilia R. , Ritchie Shona , Pereira Brooke A. , Timpson Paul
Published: June 2021

Senescence is a cellular state in which cells undergo persistent cell cycle arrest in response to nonlethal stress. In the treatment of cancer, senescence induction is a potent method of suppressing tumour cell proliferation. In spite of this, senescent cancer cells and adjacent nontransformed cells of the tumour microenvironment can remain metabolically active, resulting in paradoxical secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors, collectively termed the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, affecting numerous processes including invasion, metastasis, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction, therapy resistance and immunosuppression. With increasing evidence, it is becoming clear that cell type, tissue of origin and the primary cellular stressor are key determinants in how the SASP will influence tumour development and progression, including whether it will be pro‐ or antitumorigenic. In this review, we will focus on recent evidence regarding therapy‐induced senescence (TIS) from anticancer agents, including chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, and how each therapy can trigger the SASP, which in turn influences treatment efficacy. We will also discuss novel pharmacological manipulation of senescent cancer cells and the SASP, which offers an exciting and contemporary approach to cancer therapeutics. With future research, these adjuvant options may help to mitigate many of the negative side effects and protumorigenic roles that are currently associated with TIS in cancer.
Delayed Gadolinium‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage Values in Hips With Bone Marrow Lesions
Authors: Jones Carly E. , Cibere Jolanda , Qian Hong , Zhang Honglin , Guo Yimeng , Russell David , Forster Bruce B. , Wong Hubert , Esdaile John M. , Wilson David R.
Published: June 2021

Objective

Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are associated with painful and progressive osteoarthritis (OA). Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to study early cartilage degeneration in knees with BML, but similar work has not been done in hips. The purpose of this study was to compare mean delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) relaxation values (T1Gd) in hips with BML to hips without BML in a population‐based study. Reduced T1Gd suggests depleted glycosaminoglycan. Our hypothesis was that mean T1Gd is lower in hips with BML compared to hips without BML.

Methods

Study participants (n = 128) were recruited from a cross‐sectional population‐based study of people ages 20–49 years with and without hip pain. dGEMRIC and proton density (PD)–weighted MRI scans of 1 hip from each participant were used for this analysis. BMLs were identified from PD‐weighted fat‐suppressed images. We applied a sampling‐weighted linear regression model to determine the association of the presence of BMLs with mean cartilage T1Gd (significance: P < 0.05). The model was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hip pain, cam/pincer deformity, and physical activity.

Results

Thirty‐two (25%) of the 128 participants had at least 1 BML. Subjects with at least 1 BML, compared to those without, had similar weighted characteristics of age, BMI, physical activity levels, and frequency of hip pain. Mean T1Gd was 75.25 msec lower (95% confidence interval –149.69, –0.81; P = 0.048) (9%) in the BML compared to the no‐BML group.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that hips with BMLs are associated with hip cartilage degeneration early in the OA disease process.
Flexible Bicolorimetric Polyacrylamide/Chitosan Hydrogels for Smart Real‐Time Monitoring and Promotion of Wound Healing
Authors: Zheng Kaikai , Tong Yu , Zhang Shihao , He Ruiying , Xiao Lan , Iqbal Zoya , Zhang Yuhong , Gao Jie , Zhang Lei , Jiang Libo , Li Yulin
Published: June 2021

Real‐time monitoring of wound healing remains a major challenge in clinical tissue regeneration, calling the need for the development of biomaterial‐guided on‐site monitoring wound healing technology. In this study, multifunctional double colorimetry‐integrated polyacrylamide‐quaternary ammonium chitosan‐carbon quantum dots (CQDs)‐phenol red hydrogels are presented, aiming to simultaneously detect the wound pH level, reduce bacterial infection, and promote wound healing. The hybridization of CQDs and pH indicator (phenol red) with the hydrogels enables their high responsiveness, reversibility, and accurate indication of pH variability to reflect the dynamic wound status in the context of both ultraviolet and visible light. Furthermore, these visual images can be collected by smartphones and converted into on‐site wound pH signals, allowing for a real‐time evaluation of the wound dynamic conditions in a remote approach. Notably, the hydrogels exhibit excellent hemostatic and adhesive properties, maintain sufficient wound moisture, and promote wound healing via their high antibacterial activity (against Staphylococcus Aureus, and Escherichia Coli) and skin repair function. Overall, the resulting hydrogels have high potential as a novel smart and flexible wound dressing platform for theranostic skin regeneration.
Five‐Membered Ring Nitroxide Radical: A New Class of High‐Potential, Stable Catholytes for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Hu Bo , Fan Hao , Li Hongbin , Ravivarma Mahalingam , Song Jiangxuan
Published: June 2021

The utilization of redox‐active and stable cyclic nitroxide radicals (CNRs) holds a great promise in neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) for large‐scale energy storage. Herein, a new class of CNRs with five‐membered ring pyrrolidine and pyrroline motifs for AORFBs is reported. By rational molecular engineering of introducing CC double bond into the pyrrolidine‐based molecule, 3‐carbamoyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrroline‐1‐oxyl (CPL) with a high redox potential of 0.76 V (vs Ag/AgCl) is demonstrated, which is 160 mV higher than the common 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl derivatives with a six‐membered ring as the core structure. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the much enhanced redox potential for CPL is largely contributed by lowered standard free energy in reduction reaction and charge population sum of NO radical head. When paired with the BTMAP‐viologen anolyte, the CPL‐based AORFB delivers constant capacity retention of up to 99.96%/cycle over 500 cycles.
Light‐Driven Self‐Oscillating Behavior of Liquid‐Crystalline Networks Triggered by Dynamic Isomerization of Molecular Motors
Authors: Sun Jian , Hu Wei , Zhang Lanying , Lan Ruochen , Yang Huai , Yang Deng‐Ke
Published: June 2021

The self‐sustainable dynamic movement of soft actuators represents a continuous motion upon constant stimulus to achieve its great potential in emerging photoresponsive applications from self‐propelling machines, artificial robots to advanced biomimetic devices. Conversion of dynamic isomerization of molecular motors and switches into macroscopic self‐oscillation of soft materials is highly attractive but challenging. In this study, an overcrowded alkene motor with trifunctional acrylate groups is designed and synthesized, and its photoisomerization can be achieved in the liquid‐crystalline networks. Furthermore, the photodynamic storage modulus can be mainly modulated by the dynamic stable–unstable isomerization of the molecular motor upon UV exposure. Thus, the light‐driven self‐oscillating behavior from chaotic to regular movement can be performed based on the photodynamic mechanical balance of the micro‐oscillating modulus of the polymer network triggered by the dynamic reconfiguration of the motor. The results pave the way for inspirations in the development of advanced photoactive functional architectures and biomimetic actuators.
Communicating Particles: Identification Taggant and Temperature Recorder in One Single Supraparticle
Authors: Reichstein Jakob , Miller Franziska , Wintzheimer Susanne , Mandel Karl
Published: June 2021

“Communicating particles” are reported that combine an identification (ID) taggant and a temperature recorder in one single entity—a micron‐scaled supraparticle. The optical information carriers within the hybrid inorganic‐organic supraparticles are three different types of luminescent nanoparticles, which can be read‐out using single‐wavelength excitation. These three nanoparticle types are assembled into a core‐satellite structure via a two‐step droplet evaporation technique. The core is built‐up from Tb3+and Eu3+‐doped nanophosphors, providing an environmentally stable ID that is easily tunable through ratiometric spectral coding. This core is surrounded by organic, dye‐doped polymer nanoparticle satellites, acting as thermal‐history‐recorders of their environment. Exposed to a threshold temperature, the luminescence of the utilized 7‐diethylamino‐4‐methylcoumarin‐doped polymer nanoparticles is irreversibly quenched. This “turn‐off ” signal response is attributed to conformational changes in the dyes’ excited state and an alteration of their molecular environment, respectively, triggered by the polymer nanoparticles’ glass transition. Thus, the sensitivity of the temperature recorder can be configured over a wide temperature range by varying the dye‐hosting polymer. At the same time, the ID of the particle, stemming from its inorganic building blocks, stays unaffected, thus stable against thermal changes. The idea of communicating particles introduces a promising concept for smart additives.
All‐In‐One Dendrimer‐Based Lipid Nanoparticles Enable Precise HDR‐Mediated Gene Editing In Vivo
Authors: Farbiak Lukas , Cheng Qiang , Wei Tuo , Álvarez‐Benedicto Ester , Johnson Lindsay T. , Lee Sang , Siegwart Daniel J.
Published: June 2021

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated (Cas) protein gene editing is poised to transform the treatment of genetic diseases. However, limited progress has been made toward precise editing of DNA via homology‐directed repair (HDR) that requires careful orchestration of complex steps. Herein, dendrimer‐based lipid nanoparticles (dLNPs) are engineered to co‐encapsulate and deliver multiple components for in vivo HDR correction. BFP/GFP switchable HEK293 cells with a single Y66H amino acid mutation are employed to assess HDR‐mediated gene editing following simultaneous, one‐pot delivery of Cas9 mRNA, single‐guide RNA, and donor DNA. Molar ratios of individual LNP components and weight ratios of the three nucleic acids are systematically optimized to increase HDR efficiency. Using flow cytometry, fluorescence imaging, and DNA sequencing to quantify editing, optimized 4A3‐SC8 dLNPs edit >91% of all cells with 56% HDR efficiency in vitro and >20% HDR efficiency in xenograft tumors in vivo. Due to the all‐in‐one simplicity and high efficacy, the developed dLNPs offer a promising route toward the gene correction of disease‐causing mutations.
Hybrid Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonance Perovskite Lasers on Silver Nanoparticle Arrays
Authors: Huang Zhen‐Ting , Yin Chih‐Wei , Hong Yu‐Heng , Li Heng , Hong Kuo‐Bin , Kao Tsung Sheng , Shih Min‐Hsiung , Lu Tien‐Chang
Published: June 2021

The hybrid plasmonic surface lattice resonance (SLR) laser constructed by a MAPbBr3 perovskite thin film on the Ag nanoparticle array is unambiguously demonstrated in this research. The relatively high refractive index of the perovskite thin film provides an excellent coupling between the photonic mode and SLR, leading to a high spontaneous emission coupling factor and a low threshold lasing. Furthermore, a novel spin‐coating process applied to grow the MAPbBr3 perovskite thin film can leave air gaps under the perovskite that provides a large index difference in the periodic array, making the hybrid plasmonic SLR exhibits a high density of state, which is beneficial for laser operation. Via theoretical design and experimental verification, the lasing behaviors of the hybrid plasmonic SLR perovskite laser show excellent characteristics with a fixed polarization. This demonstration facilitates an enhanced lasing performance and realization of the low‐cost and low‐energy‐consumption laser application.
Kinetically Stabilized Cation Arrangement in Li3YCl6 Superionic Conductor during Solid‐State Reaction
Authors: Ito Hiroaki , Shitara Kazuki , Wang Yongming , Fujii Kotaro , Yashima Masatomo , Goto Yosuke , Moriyoshi Chikako , Rosero‐Navarro Nataly Carolina , Miura Akira , Tadanaga Kiyoharu
Published: June 2021

The main approach for exploring metastable materials is via trial‐and‐error synthesis, and there is limited understanding of how metastable materials are kinetically stabilized. In this study, a metastable phase superionic conductor, β‐Li3YCl6, is discovered through in situ X‐ray diffraction after heating a mixture of LiCl and YCl3 powders. While Cl− arrangement is represented as a hexagonal close packed structure in both metastable β‐Li3YCl6 synthesized below 600 K and stable α‐Li3YCl6 above 600 K, the arrangement of Li+ and Y3+ in β‐Li3YCl6 determined by neutron diffraction brought about the cell with a 1/√3 a‐axis and a similar c‐axis of stable α‐Li3YCl6. Higher Li+ ion conductivity and lower activation energy for Li+ transport are observed in comparison with α‐Li3YCl6. The computationally calculated low migration barrier of Li+ supports the low activation energy for Li+ conduction, and the calculated high migration barrier of Y3+ kinetically stabilizes this metastable phase by impeding phase transformation to α‐Li3YCl6. This work shows that the combination of in situ observation of solid‐state reactions and computation of the migration energy can facilitate the comprehension of the solid‐state reactions allowing kinetic stabilization of metastable materials, and can enable the discovery of new metastable materials in a short time.
Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transporting Material with Enhanced Intermolecular Interaction for Efficient and Stable n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Xin , Liu Yizhe , Qin Tian , Zhang Kaicheng , Li Ning , Zhao Juan , Ye Ruquan , Fan Zhanxi , Chi Zhenguo , Zhu Zonglong
Published: June 2021

Developing low‐cost, efficient, and stable dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is essential to their commercial deployment. Herein, the synthesis of a novel spirofluorene‐dithiolane based small molecular HTM, SFDT‐TDM, through facile and low‐cost synthetic routes is reported. The CH…π interactions in adjacent SFDT‐TDM are beneficial for high hole mobility and the methylthio groups in SFDT‐TDM can serve as Lewis bases to passivate the defects on the surface of perovskite films, leading to suppressed non‐radiative recombination and enhanced charge extraction at the perovskite/HTM interface. As a result, CsxFA1−xPbI3 based PVSCs with SFDT‐TDM as the HTM realize champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 21.7% and 20.3% for small‐area (0.04 cm2) and large‐area (1.0 cm2) devices with negligible photocurrent hysteresis, respectively. Additionally, all‐inorganic CsPbI3−xBrx based PVSCs with SFDT‐TDM demonstrate an impressive PCE of 17.1% along with excellent stability. This work highlights the great potential of the spirofluorene core for exploring low‐cost and dopant‐free HTMs for PVSCs with high efficiency and stability.
Hepatocellular carcinoma as a complication of Niemann‐Pick disease type C1
Authors: Rodriguez‐Gil Jorge L. , Bianconi Simona E. , Farhat Nicole , Kleiner David E. , Nelson Marie , Porter Forbes D.
Published: June 2021

Niemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare and fatal lysosomal storage disorder characterized by neurodegeneration and hepatic involvement. Mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2, two genes encoding lysosomal proteins, lead to an intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and sphingolipids in late endosomes/lysosomes. Early cholestatic disease is considered a hallmark of patients with early disease onset. This can potentially result in liver failure shortly after birth or subclinical hepatic inflammation. Previous reports suggest an association between NPC and hepatocellular carcinoma, a cancer that is rare during childhood. We present a 12‐year‐old male with a known diagnosis of NPC1 disease who was found to have a stage III hepatocellular carcinoma, underwent surgical resection with adjuvant chemotherapy, and subsequently died from metastatic disease. This report provides evidence of an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in NPC patients, suggesting a need for screening in this patient population.
Principles of Water Electrolysis and Recent Progress in Cobalt‐, Nickel‐, and Iron‐Based Oxides for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yu Mingquan , Budiyanto Eko , Tüysüz Harun
Published: June 2021

Water electrolysis that results in green hydrogen is the key process towards a circular economy. The supply of sustainable electricity and availability of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts are the main bottlenecks of the process for large‐scale production of green hydrogen. A broad range of OER electrocatalysts have been explored to decrease the overpotential and boost the kinetics of this sluggish half‐reaction. Co‐, Ni‐, and Fe‐based catalysts have been considered to be potential candidates to replace noble metals due to their tunable 3d electron configuration and spin state, versatility in terms of crystal and electronic structures, as well as abundance in nature. This Review provides some basic principles of water electrolysis, key aspects of OER, and significant criteria for the development of the catalysts. It provides also some insights on recent advances of Co‐, Ni‐, and Fe‐based oxides and a brief perspective on green hydrogen production and the challenges of water electrolysis.
Efficient Asymmetric Biomimetic Aldol Reaction of Glycinates and Trifluoromethyl Ketones by Carbonyl Catalysis
Authors: Cheng Aolin , Zhang Liangliang , Zhou Qinghai , Liu Tao , Cao Jing , Zhao Guoqing , Zhang Kun , Song Guanshui , Zhao Baoguo
Published: June 2021

The direct asymmetric aldol reaction of glycinates represents an intriguing and straightforward strategy to make biologically significant chiral β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino‐acid derivatives. But it is not easy to realize the transformation due to the disruption of the reactive NH2 group of glycinates. Inspired by the enzymatic aldol reaction of glycine, we successfully developed an asymmetric aldol reaction of glycinate 5 and trifluoromethyl ketones 4 with 0.1–0.0033 mol % of chiral N‐methyl pyridoxal 7 a as the catalyst, producing chiral β‐trifluoromethyl‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino‐acid esters 6 in 55–82 % yields (for the syn‐diastereomers) with up to >20:1 dr and 99 % ee under very mild conditions. The reaction proceeds via a catalytic cycle similar to the enzymatic aldol reaction of glycine. Pyridoxal catalyst 7 a activates both reactants at the same time and brings them together in a specific spatial orientation, accounting for the high efficiency as well as excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
Engineering Platinum–Cobalt Nano‐alloys in Porous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Song Lin , Lu Xue Feng , Wu Zhi‐Peng , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: June 2021

Highly efficient electrocatalysts are essential for the production of green hydrogen from water electrolysis. Herein, a metal‐organic framework‐assisted pyrolysis‐replacement‐reorganization approach is developed to obtain ultrafine Pt‐Co alloy nanoparticles (sub‐10 nm) attached on the inner and outer shells of porous nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) with closed ends. During the thermal reorganization, the migration of Pt‐Co nano‐alloys to both surfaces ensures the maximized exposure of active sites while maintaining the robust attachment to the porous carbon matrix. Density functional theory calculations suggest a nearly thermodynamically‐neutral free energy of adsorption for hydrogen intermediates and diversified active sites induced by alloying, thus resulting in a great promotion in intrinsic activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Benefiting from the delicate structural design and compositional modulation, the optimized Pt3Co@NCNT electrocatalyst manifests outstanding HER activity and superior stability in both acidic and alkaline media.
Synergistic Lysozyme‐Photodynamic Therapy Against Resistant Bacteria based on an Intelligent Upconversion Nanoplatform
Authors: Li Zhuo , Lu Shan , Liu Wenzhen , Dai Tao , Ke Jianxi , Li Xingjun , Li Renfu , Zhang Yuxiang , Chen Zhuo , Chen Xueyuan
Published: June 2021

The rapid emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria has raised a great social concern together with the impetus for exploring advanced antibacterial ways. NIR‐triggered antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) by lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) as energy donor exhibits the advantages of high tissue penetration, broad antibacterial spectrum and less acquired resistance, but is still limited by its low efficacy. Now we designed a bio‐inorganic nanohybrid and combined lysozyme (LYZ) with UCNP‐PDT system to enhance the efficiency against resistant bacteria. Benefiting from the rapid adhesion to bacteria, intelligently bacteria‐responsive LYZ release and synergistic LYZ‐PDT effect, the nanoplatform achieves an exceptionally strong bactericidal capacity and conspicuous bacteriostasis on methicillin‐resistant S. aureus. These findings pave the way for designing efficiently antibacterial nanomaterials and provide a new strategy for combating deep‐tissue bacterial infection.