bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POFBG-Embedded Cork Insole for Plantar Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Vilarinho Débora , Theodosiou Antreas , Leitão Cátia , Leal-Junior Arnaldo , Domingues Maria , Kalli Kyriacos , André Paulo , Antunes Paulo , Marques Carlos
Published: December 2017

We propose a novel polymer optical fiber (POF) sensing system based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) to measure foot plantar pressure. The plantar pressure signals are detected by five FBGs, in the same piece of cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP) fiber, which are embedded in a cork insole for the dynamic monitoring of gait. The calibration and measurements performed with the suggested system are presented, and the results obtained demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the sensing platform to monitor the foot plantar pressure distribution during gait motion and the application of pressure. This architecture does not compromise the patient’s mobility nor interfere in their daily activities. The results using the CYTOP fiber showed a very good response when compared with solutions using silica optical fibers, resulting in a sensitivity almost twice as high, with excellent repeatability and ease of handling. The advantages of POF (e.g., high flexibility and robustness) proved that this is a viable solution for this type of application, since POF’s high fracture toughness enables its application in monitoring patients with higher body mass compared with similar systems based on silica fiber. This study has demonstrated the viability of the proposed system based on POF technology as a useful alternative for plantar pressure detection systems.
Choice of Magnetometers and Gradiometers after Signal Space Separation
Authors: Garcés Pilar , López-Sanz David , Maestú Fernando , Pereda Ernesto
Published: December 2017

Background: Modern Elekta Neuromag MEG devices include 102 sensor triplets containing one magnetometer and two planar gradiometers. The first processing step is often a signal space separation (SSS), which provides a powerful noise reduction. A question commonly raised by researchers and reviewers relates to which data should be employed in analyses: (1) magnetometers only, (2) gradiometers only, (3) magnetometers and gradiometers together. The MEG community is currently divided with regard to the proper answer. Methods: First, we provide theoretical evidence that both gradiometers and magnetometers result from the backprojection of the same SSS components. Then, we compare resting state and task-related sensor and source estimations from magnetometers and gradiometers in real MEG recordings before and after SSS. Results: SSS introduced a strong increase in the similarity between source time series derived from magnetometers and gradiometers (r2 = 0.3–0.8 before SSS and r2 > 0.80 after SSS). After SSS, resting state power spectrum and functional connectivity, as well as visual evoked responses, derived from both magnetometers and gradiometers were highly similar (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient > 0.8, r2 > 0.8). Conclusions: After SSS, magnetometer and gradiometer data are estimated from a single set of SSS components (usually ≤ 80). Equivalent results can be obtained with both sensor types in typical MEG experiments.
Vision-Based Target Finding and Inspection of a Ground Target Using a Multirotor UAV System
Authors: Hinas Ajmal , Roberts Jonathan , Gonzalez Felipe
Published: December 2017

In this paper, a system that uses an algorithm for target detection and navigation and a multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for finding a ground target and inspecting it closely is presented. The system can also be used for accurate and safe delivery of payloads or spot spraying applications in site-specific crop management. A downward-looking camera attached to a multirotor is used to find the target on the ground. The UAV descends to the target and hovers above the target for a few seconds to inspect the target. A high-level decision algorithm based on an OODA (observe, orient, decide, and act) loop was developed as a solution to address the problem. Navigation of the UAV was achieved by continuously sending local position messages to the autopilot via Mavros. The proposed system performed hovering above the target in three different stages: locate, descend, and hover. The system was tested in multiple trials, in simulations and outdoor tests, from heights of 10 m to 40 m. Results show that the system is highly reliable and robust to sensor errors, drift, and external disturbance.
Microstrip Patch Sensor for Salinity Determination
Authors: Lee Kibae , Hassan Arshad , Lee Chong , Bae Jinho
Published: December 2017

In this paper, a compact microstrip feed inset patch sensor is proposed for measuring the salinities in seawater. The working principle of the proposed sensor depends on the fact that different salinities in liquid have different relative permittivities and cause different resonance frequencies. The proposed sensor can obtain better sensitivity to salinity changes than common sensors using conductivity change, since the relative permittivity change to salinity is 2.5 times more sensitive than the conductivity change. The patch and ground plane of the proposed sensor are fabricated by conductive copper spray coating on the masks made by 3D printer. The fabricated patch and the ground plane are bonded to a commercial silicon substrate and then attached to 5 mm-high chamber made by 3D printer so that it contains only 1 mL seawater. For easy fabrication and testing, the maximum resonance frequency was selected under 3 GHz and to cover salinities in real seawater, it was assumed that the salinity changes from 20 to 35 ppt. The sensor was designed by the finite element method-based ANSYS high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS), and it can detect the salinity with 0.01 ppt resolution. The designed sensor has a resonance frequency separation of 37.9 kHz and reflection coefficients under −20 dB at the resonant frequencies. The fabricated sensor showed better performance with average frequency separation of 48 kHz and maximum reflection coefficient of −35 dB. By comparing with the existing sensors, the proposed compact and low-cost sensor showed a better detection capability. Therefore, the proposed patch sensor can be utilized in radio frequency (RF) tunable sensors for salinity determination.
Dual-Color Fluorescence Imaging of EpCAM and EGFR in Breast Cancer Cells with a Bull’s Eye-Type Plasmonic Chip
Authors: Izumi Shota , Yamamura Shohei , Hayashi Naoko , Toma Mana , Tawa Keiko
Published: December 2017

Surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence microscopic observation of a live breast cancer cell was performed with a plasmonic chip. Two cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), were selected as breast cancer cells, with two kinds of membrane protein, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), observed in both cells. The membrane proteins are surface markers used to differentiate and classify breast cancer cells. EGFR and EpCAM were detected with Alexa Fluor® 488-labeled anti-EGFR antibody (488-EGFR) and allophycocyanin (APC)-labeled anti-EpCAM antibody (APC-EpCAM), respectively. In MDA-MB231 cells, three-fold plus or minus one and seven-fold plus or minus two brighter fluorescence of 488-EGFR were observed on the 480-nm pitch and the 400-nm pitch compared with that on a glass slide. Results show the 400-nm pitch is useful. Dual-color fluorescence of 488-EGFR and APC-EpCAM in MDA-MB231 was clearly observed with seven-fold plus or minus two and nine-fold plus or minus three, respectively, on the 400-nm pitch pattern of a plasmonic chip. Therefore, the 400-nm pitch contributed to the dual-color fluorescence enhancement for these wavelengths. An optimal grating pitch of a plasmonic chip improved a fluorescence image of membrane proteins with the help of the surface plasmon-enhanced field.
Pre-Scheduled and Self Organized Sleep-Scheduling Algorithms for Efficient K-Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sahoo Prasan , Thakkar Hiren , Hwang I-Shyan
Published: December 2017

The K-coverage configuration that guarantees coverage of each location by at least K sensors is highly popular and is extensively used to monitor diversified applications in wireless sensor networks. Long network lifetime and high detection quality are the essentials of such K-covered sleep-scheduling algorithms. However, the existing sleep-scheduling algorithms either cause high cost or cannot preserve the detection quality effectively. In this paper, the Pre-Scheduling-based K-coverage Group Scheduling (PSKGS) and Self-Organized K-coverage Scheduling (SKS) algorithms are proposed to settle the problems in the existing sleep-scheduling algorithms. Simulation results show that our pre-scheduled-based KGS approach enhances the detection quality and network lifetime, whereas the self-organized-based SKS algorithm minimizes the computation and communication cost of the nodes and thereby is energy efficient. Besides, SKS outperforms PSKGS in terms of network lifetime and detection quality as it is self-organized.
Porous TiO2-Based Gas Sensors for Cyber Chemical Systems to Provide Security and Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Galstyan Vardan
Published: December 2017

Gas sensors play an important role in our life, providing control and security of technical processes, environment, transportation and healthcare. Consequently, the development of high performance gas sensor devices is the subject of intense research. TiO2, with its excellent physical and chemical properties, is a very attractive material for the fabrication of chemical sensors. Meanwhile, the emerging technologies are focused on the fabrication of more flexible and smart systems for precise monitoring and diagnosis in real-time. The proposed cyber chemical systems in this paper are based on the integration of cyber elements with the chemical sensor devices. These systems may have a crucial effect on the environmental and industrial safety, control of carriage of dangerous goods and medicine. This review highlights the recent developments on fabrication of porous TiO2-based chemical gas sensors for their application in cyber chemical system showing the convenience and feasibility of such a model to provide the security and to perform the diagnostics. The most of reports have demonstrated that the fabrication of doped, mixed and composite structures based on porous TiO2 may drastically improve its sensing performance. In addition, each component has its unique effect on the sensing properties of material.
3D-Printed Detector Band for Magnetic Off-Plane Flux Measurements in Laminated Machine Cores
Authors: Shilyashki Georgi , Pfützner Helmut , Palkovits Martin , Windischhofer Andreas , Giefing Markus
Published: December 2017

Laminated soft magnetic cores of transformers, rotating machines etc. may exhibit complex 3D flux distributions with pronounced normal fluxes (off-plane fluxes), perpendicular to the plane of magnetization. As recent research activities have shown, detections of off-plane fluxes tend to be essential for the optimization of core performances aiming at a reduction of core losses and of audible noise. Conventional sensors for off-plane flux measurements tend to be either of high thickness, influencing the measured fluxes significantly, or require laborious preparations. In the current work, thin novel detector bands for effective and simple off-plane flux detections in laminated machine cores were manufactured. They are printed in an automatic way by an in-house developed 3D/2D assembler. The latter enables a unique combination of conductive and non-conductive materials. The detector bands were effectively tested in the interior of a two-package, three-phase model transformer core. They proved to be mechanically resilient, even for strong clamping of the core.
Teen Driving Risk and Prevention: Naturalistic Driving Research Contributions and Challenges
Authors: Simons-Morton Bruce , Ehsani Johnathon , Gershon Pnina , Klauer Sheila , Dingus Thomas
Published: December 2017

Naturalistic driving (ND) methods may be particularly useful for research on young driver crash risk. Novices are not safe drivers initially, but tend to improve rapidly, although the pace of learning is highly variable. However, knowledge is lacking about how best to reduce the learning curve and the variability in the development of safe driving judgment. A great deal has been learned from recent naturalistic driving (ND) studies that have included young drivers, providing objective information on the nature of crash risk and the factors that contribute to safety critical events. This research indicates that most learners obtain at least the amount of practice driving recommended and develop important driving skills. Unfortunately, most learners are not exposed during training to more complex driving situations and the instruction provided by supervising parents is mostly reactive and may not fully prepare teens for independent driving. While supervised practice driving is quite safe, crash rates are high during the first six months or so of independent driving then decline rapidly, but remain high for years relative to experienced drivers. Contributing factors to crash risk include exposure, inexperience, elevated gravitational-force event rates, greater willingness to engage in secondary tasks while driving, and social influence from peer passengers. The findings indicate the need and possible objectives for improving practice driving instruction and developing innovative prevention approaches for the first year of independent driving.
Changes in Self-Reported Concussion History after Administration of a Novel Concussion History Questionnaire in Collegiate Recreational Student-Athletes
Authors: Copp Adam , Lininger Monica , Warren Meghan
Published: December 2017

Research has shown that exposure to a concussion definition (CD) increases self-reported concussion history (SRCH) immediately, however, no research has been performed that examines the effects of exposure to a CD on SRCH over time. Collegiate recreational student-athletes (RSAs) have limited access to monitoring and supervision by medical staff. As such, recognition of concussion symptoms and need for medical management oftentimes falls upon the RSA. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a novel questionnaire on the SRCH of RSAs. A two-part questionnaire was sent to RSAs participating is sports with a greater than average risk of concussion at a university in Arizona. Data from 171 RSAs were analyzed to assess the change in RSAs’ suspected concussion estimates pre- and post-exposure to a CD and concussion symptom worksheet, as well as over the short-term (2.5 months). Approximately one-third of RSAs reported an increase in suspected concussion estimates immediately following exposure to the questionnaire, but the change was not maintained over the short-term. The results suggest that a single exposure to a CD is ineffective at increasing short-term SRCH estimates.
Associations between Thermal and Physiological Responses of Human Body during Exercise
Authors: Zora Suleyman , Balci Gorkem , Colakoglu Muzaffer , Basaran Tahsin
Published: December 2017

In this study, thermal behaviours of the athletes were investigated with respect to thermal comfort and exercise intensity. The relationship between an index for analysing thermal comfort (Predicted Mean Vote: PMV) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) which shows exercise intensity and exhaustion level was evaluated. Eleven moderately trained male athletes ( V ˙ O2max 54 ± 9.9 mL∙min−1∙kg−1) had volunteered for the study (age: 22.2 ± 3.7 years; body mass: 73.8 ± 6.9 kg; height: 181 ± 6.3 cm; Body surface area (BSA): 1.93 ± 0.1 m2; body fat: 12.6% ± 4.2%; V ˙ O2max: 54 ± 9.9 mL∙min−1∙kg−1). Experiments were carried out by using a cycle ergometer in an air-conditioned test chamber which provided fresh air and had the ability to control the temperature and relative humidity. The study cohort was divided into two groups according to maximal oxygen consumption levels of the participants. Statistical analyses were conducted with the whole study cohort as well as the two separated groups. There was a moderate correlation between PMV and RPE for whole cohort (r: −0.51). When the whole cohort divided as low and high aerobic power groups, an average correlation coefficient at high oxygen consumption cohort decreased to r: −0.21, while the average correlation coefficient at low oxygen consumption cohort increased to r: −0.77. In conclusion, PMV and RPE have a high correlation in less trained participants, but not in the more trained ones. The case may bring to mind that thermal distribution may be better in high aerobic power group in spite of high RPE and thus the relation between PMV and RPE is affected by exercise performance status.
Simulation-Based Multiobjective Optimization of Timber-Glass Residential Buildings in Severe Cold Regions
Authors: Han Yunsong , Yu Hong , Sun Cheng
Published: December 2017

In the current context of increasing energy demand, timber-glass buildings will become a necessary trend in sustainable architecture in the future. Especially in severe cold zones of China, energy consumption and the visual comfort of residential buildings have attracted wide attention, and there are always trade-offs between multiple objectives. This paper aims to propose a simulation-based multiobjective optimization method to improve the daylighting, energy efficiency, and economic performance of timber-glass buildings in severe cold regions. Timber-glass building form variables have been selected as the decision variables, including building width, roof height, south and north window-to-wall ratio (WWR), window height, and orientation. A simulation-based multiobjective optimization model has been developed to optimize these performance objectives simultaneously. The results show that Daylighting Autonomy (DA) presents negative correlations with Energy Use Intensity (EUI) and total cost. Additionally, with an increase in DA, Useful Daylighting Illuminance (UDI) demonstrates a tendency of primary increase and then decrease. Using this optimization model, four building performances have been improved from the initial generation to the final generation, which proves that simulation-based multiobjective optimization is a promising approach to improve the daylighting, energy efficiency, and economic performances of timber-glass buildings in severe cold regions.
Improved Precision and Efficiency of a Modified ORG0020 Dynamic Respiration Test Setup for Compost Stability Assessment
Authors: Guillen Ferrari Diana , Howell Graham , Aspray Thomas
Published: December 2017

The ORG0020 dynamic respiration test is effective at distinguishing source segregated organic waste derived composts across a wide range of stabilities when compared to other standard tests; however, using the original diaphragm pump and manifold setup, the test is affected by variability in flow rate with time and across sample replicate vessels. Here, we demonstrate the use of a multichannel peristaltic pump to deliver a more consistent air flow to individual vessels. Using finished and unfinished industry compost samples from different sites with varying stabilities, we provide evidence of greater precision of the modified setup compared to the original. Furthermore, the reduced need for air flow adjustment resulted in improved running cost efficiency with less labour demand. Analysis of compost sample oxygen demand supports the current test air flow rate of 25–75 mL min−1, although the improved air flow control will enable future narrowing of the acceptable range for better inter-laboratory performance.
Defining Organizational Context for Corporate Sustainability Assessment: Cross-Disciplinary Approach
Authors: Moldavska Anastasiia
Published: December 2017

Extensive research has already been conducted on the technical aspects of a Sustainability Assessment (SA) at a company level, i.e., Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). However, previous research paid little attention to the context in which an assessment takes place, i.e., the conditions within the organization that facilitate or inhibit the effectiveness of CSA as a decision support tool. This study seeks to shed more light on the organizational context for CSA. Since the research in this topic is limited within the SA discipline, the knowledge from the Performance Measurement (PM) discipline is used. Using a cross-disciplinary approach, factors that define the organizational context for CSA were proposed. Furthermore, they were ranked by 104 sustainability professionals using online survey. The survey results revealed that the top five factors are “leadership commitment”, “sustainability strategy”, “data collection capabilities”, “understanding of purpose and benefits of SA” and “focus on continuous improvements”. The practical application of the result of this study was illustrated using a multiple case study, in which the readiness to implement CSA by four manufacturing companies was evaluated.
Forage Options for Dairy Farms with Reduced Water Availability in the Southern Murray Darling Basin of Australia
Authors: Rogers Mary-Jane , Lawson Alister , Kelly Kevin
Published: December 2017

The dairy industry in the southern Murray Darling Basin region of Australia is a major consumer of irrigation water because rainfall is low relative to evapotranspiration and the industrys relies heavily on irrigated temperate pastures and fodder crops. Water reforms, and potential climate change scenarios for this region suggest that there will be an overall decline in rainfall and water available for irrigation in the future. For the irrigated dairy industry to remain economically viable, there is a need for dairy farmers to improve the water productivity (WP) of their forage systems and to be able to respond to year-to-year, and within year, variation in water availability. Researchers and dairy farmers are evaluating strategies to increase WP. These include: (i) selecting better-adapted species for current and predicted climatic conditions; (ii) using species that can survive and still be productive under reduced irrigation and then recover when full irrigation is restored; (iii) modifying irrigation strategies to reduce water use whilst maintaining WP; and (iv) grazing management strategies that facilitate the survival during, and recovery after, periods of moisture stress. This review will examine these strategies and discusses their potential to optimise forage production from irrigation water inputs so that the dairy industry in the southern Murray Darling Basin remains viable in the future.
Monitoring the Different Types of Urban Construction Land Expansion (UCLE) in China’s Port City: A Case Study of Ningbo’s Central City
Authors: Zheng Qing , Wang Ke , Huang Lingyan , Zheng Qiming , Abubakar Ghali
Published: December 2017

The internal structure of urban construction land expansion (UCLE) is closely related to urban sustainability, and the UCLE in China’s port city has a unique pattern. This study attempted to monitor the internal structure evolution of UCLE based on construction land transfer data in Ningbo’s central city from 2002 to 2015. Equality fan analysis and kernel density analysis were applied to characterize the spatial–temporal dynamics of different types of UCLE and to summarize their evolution patterns. The results revealed that in the whole study area, the rank of the expansion size and intensity of construction land was: industrial land > traffic land > residential land > public land > commercial land. The dominant directions of all types of UCLE were the directions of the port zones. In the port zones, there were more apparent expansion trends and higher expansion intensities of industrial, traffic and public lands, which meant that the port had significant impact on UCLE, especially in terms of industrial land. Additionally, commercial and residential land expansions showed a circle-shaped gradient pattern; industrial land sprawl was in a leapfrog pattern; public and traffic land sprawl was illustrated in a bi-centric pattern. In the future, local government should encourage the development of residential and public land rather than industrial land, and shift the present industry structure which dominated by industry to a more balanced structure, in order to achieve sustainable development.
Probabilistic Linguistic Power Aggregation Operators for Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making
Authors: Kobina Agbodah , Liang Decui , He Xin
Published: December 2017

As an effective aggregation tool, power average (PA) allows the input arguments being aggregated to support and reinforce each other, which provides more versatility in the information aggregation process. Under the probabilistic linguistic term environment, we deeply investigate the new power aggregation (PA) operators for fusing the probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs). In this paper, we firstly develop the probabilistic linguistic power average (PLPA), the weighted probabilistic linguistic power average (WPLPA) operators, the probabilistic linguistic power geometric (PLPG) and the weighted probabilistic linguistic power geometric (WPLPG) operators. At the same time, we carefully analyze the properties of these new aggregation operators. With the aid of the WPLPA and WPLPG operators, we further design the approaches for the application of multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) with PLTSs. Finally, we use an illustrated example to expound our proposed methods and verify their performances.
Effects of Continuously Feeding Diets Containing Cereal Ergot Alkaloids on Nutrient Digestibility, Alkaloid Recovery in Feces, and Performance Traits of Ram Lambs
Authors: Coufal-Majewski Stephanie , Stanford Kim , McAllister Tim , Wang Yuxi , Blakley Barry , McKinnon John , Swift Mary , Chaves Alexandre
Published: December 2017

Allowable limits for cereal ergot alkaloids in livestock feeds are being re-examined, and the objective of this study was to compare nutrient digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics of ram lambs fed a range of alkaloid concentrations, including the maximum currently allowed in Canada (2 to 3 ppm). Four pelleted diets were fed: control, with no added alkaloids; 930; 1402; and 2447 ppb alkaloids based on total R and S epimers. Eight ram lambs (30.0 ± 3.1 kg) were used to examine the impacts of dietary treatments on nutrient digestibility and alkaloid recovery from feces. Concentrations of dietary alkaloids evaluated did not affect nutrient digestibility or N metabolism. Excepting ergocornine and ergocryptine, recovery of alkaloids in feces varied among periods, suggesting that individual lambs may differ in their ability to metabolize ergocristine, ergometrine, ergosine, ergotamine and their S epimers. In a second experiment, ram lambs (n = 47, 30 ± 8 kg) were randomly assigned to a diet and weighed weekly until they achieved a slaughter weight of ≥ 45 kg (average 9 weeks; range 6 to 13 weeks). Intake of DM did not differ (p = 0.91) among diets, although lambs fed 2447 ppb alkaloids had a lower (p < 0.01) ADG than did lambs receiving other treatments. The concentration of serum prolactin linearly declined (p < 0.01) with increasing alkaloids. Feeding 2447 ppb total alkaloids negatively impacted growth, while feeding 1402 ppb did not harm growth performance, but reduced carcass dressing percentage. Due to different concentrations of alkaloids affecting growth and carcass characteristics in the present study, determining allowable limits for total dietary alkaloids will require a better understanding of impacts of alkaloid profiles and interactions among individual alkaloids.
Recognizing the SINEs of Infection: Regulation of Retrotransposon Expression and Modulation of Host Cell Processes
Authors: Dunker William , Zhao Yang , Song Yu , Karijolich John
Published: December 2017

Short interspersed elements (SINEs) are a family of retrotransposons evolutionarily derived from cellular RNA polymerase III transcripts. Over evolutionary time, SINEs have expanded throughout the human genome and today comprise ~11% of total chromosomal DNA. While generally transcriptionally silent in healthy somatic cells, SINE expression increases during a variety of types of stresses, including DNA virus infection. The relevance of SINE expression to viral infection was largely unexplored, however, recent years have seen great progress towards defining the impact of SINE expression on viral replication and host gene expression. Here we review the origin and diversity of SINE elements and their transcriptional control, with an emphasis on how their expression impacts host cell biology during viral infection.
PsyScan e-tool to support diagnosis and management of psychological problems in general practice: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gidding Luc G , Spigt Mark , Winkens Bjorn , Herijgers Odette , Dinant Geert-Jan
Published: December 2017

Background

GPs are crucial in adequately diagnosing and initiating appropriate management for patients with psychological problems, but face many challenges and require support.

Aim

To determine the effects of the e-tool PsyScan.

Design and setting

A randomised controlled trial with a 1-year follow-up, comparing care using PsyScan with usual care for psychological problems, was undertaken in 10 multidisciplinary primary healthcare centres in Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

Method

Between consultations with their GP, participants in the intervention group could complete PsyScan. The e-tool consists of a distress screener and Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire to differentiate between stress, depression, anxiety, and somatisation symptoms, and to explore symptom severity. PsyScan generated diagnostic and therapeutic advice for GPs and participants that was automatically transferred to each patient’s electronic medical record. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants that achieved a successful treatment result; namely, a decrease of ≥50% on the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, after 1 year.

Results

There were 176 participants in the intervention group and 160 in the control group. After multiple imputation, the participants in the intervention group had higher chances of achieving a successful treatment result compared with those in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5 to 4.8, P = 0.002). Quality of life was higher in the intervention group at 12 months (mean difference in EuroQol 5 Dimensions 5 Levels index values was 0.076, 95% CI = 0.015 to 0.136, P = 0.01). The mean 1-year costs per participant were similar (€13 622 in intervention group, €12 487 in control group [β = −0.03, P = 0.71, R2 = 0.05]).

Conclusion

PsyScan generated clinically relevant and statistically significant effects, and could be useful in offering effective individualised care to patients.
Diagnosing cancer in primary care: results from the National Cancer Diagnosis Audit
Authors: Swann Ruth , McPhail Sean , Witt Jana , Shand Brian , Abel Gary A , Hiom Sara , Rashbass Jem , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Rubin Greg ,   The National Cancer Diagnosis Audit Steering Group
Published: December 2017

Background

Continual improvements in diagnostic processes are needed to minimise the proportion of patients with cancer who experience diagnostic delays. Clinical audit is a means of achieving this.

Aim

To characterise key aspects of the diagnostic process for cancer and to generate baseline measures for future re-audit.

Design and setting

Clinical audit of cancer diagnosis in general practices in England.

Method

Information on patient and tumour characteristics held in the English National Cancer Registry was supplemented by information from GPs in participating practices. Data items included diagnostic timepoints, patient characteristics, and clinical management.

Results

Data were collected on 17 042 patients with a new diagnosis of cancer during 2014 from 439 practices. Participating practices were similar to non-participating ones, particularly regarding population age, urban/rural location, and practice-based patient experience measures. The median diagnostic interval for all patients was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 15–86 days). Most patients were referred promptly (median primary care interval 5 days [IQR 0–27 days]). Where GPs deemed diagnostic delays to have occurred (22% of cases), patient, clinician, or system factors were responsible in 26%, 28%, and 34% of instances, respectively. Safety netting was recorded for 44% of patients. At least one primary care-led investigation was carried out for 45% of patients. Most patients (76%) had at least one existing comorbid condition; 21% had three or more.

Conclusion

The findings identify avenues for quality improvement activity and provide a baseline for future audit of the impact of 2015 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance on management and referral of suspected cancer.
CdSe nanorod/TiO2 nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Laatar Fakher , Moussa Hatem , Alem Halima , Balan Lavinia , Girot Emilien , Medjahdi Ghouti , Ezzaouia Hatem , Schneider Raphaël
Published: December 2017

CdSe nanorods (NRs) with an average length of ≈120 nm were prepared by a solvothermal process and associated to TiO2 nanoparticles (Aeroxide® P25) by annealing at 300 °C for 1 h. The content of CdSe NRs in CdSe/TiO2 composites was varied from 0.5 to 5 wt %. The CdSe/TiO2 heterostructured materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, UV–visible spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. TEM images and XRD patterns show that CdSe NRs with wurtzite structure are associated to TiO2 particles. The UV–visible spectra demonstrate that the narrow bandgap of CdSe NRs serves to increase the photoresponse of CdSe/TiO2 composites until ≈725 nm. The CdSe (2 wt %)/TiO2 composite exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight or visible light irradiation. The enhancement in photocatalytic activity likely originates from CdSe sensitization of TiO2 and the heterojunction between these materials which facilitates electron transfer from CdSe to TiO2. Due to its high stability (up to ten reuses without any significant loss in activity), the CdSe/TiO2 heterostructured catalysts show high potential for real water decontamination.
Formation and Properties of Tangential Discontinuities in Three-dimensional Compressive MHD Turbulence
Authors: Yang Liping , Zhang Lei , He Jiansen , Tu Chuanyi , Li Shengtai , Wang Xin , Wang Linghua
Published: December 2017

In this study, we investigate the formation and properties of tangential discontinuities (TDs) in compressive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. By detecting sharp interfaces of magnetic and thermal pressure, TDs are seen to separate distinct plasma and magnetic field regions, behaving as the walls of different flux tubes. Across an identified TD, the temperature, with an enhancement, experiences an evident variation. The temporal evolution of its 3D structure indicates that the mutual approaching, squeezing, and separating of two clumps of the turbulent results in the formation and collapse of the identified TD, with its lifetime of about 4.5 hr for typical solar wind parameters. Through isolating each of the formed TDs from the background, and tracking each of them through time, it is found that the TDs display a multiscale nature. Their length can be as long as 2.50 L
0, their width comes to an average of about 0.16 L
0, their volume has a maximum of about 0.01

, and, for most of the TDs, the energy dissipative rate is below 0.51

, with L
0,

, and V

A
being characteristic length, characteristic density, and characteristic Alfvén speed. The lifetimes of the TDs extend from about 0.16

to about 2.20

, with fewer TDs surviving longer lifetimes. For typical solar wind parameters, their lifetimes are far shorter than the time the solar wind takes from the Sun to 1 au, which indicates that TDs observed by in situ satellites at 1 au are more likely to be generated by local turbulence.
L’idéologie, contenant tyrannique de l’angoisse du futur
Authors: Aubertel Françoise
Published: December 2017

Une famille gravement déstabilisée par une situation traumatique peut s’organiser sur un mode idéologique. Cette organisation tyrannique, à visée contenante et protectrice, entrave toute projection dans une trajectoire individuelle. En restaurant une sécurité de base qui assouplit ce fonctionnement, la thérapie familiale psychanalytique autorise la reprise de trajectoires et de fantasmatiques individuelles.
Nos démêlés avec l’avenir
Authors: Eiguer Alberto
Published: December 2017

Les humains ignorent ce que l’avenir leur réserve. Tout pronostic est voué à l’échec. Pourtant ils n’arrêtent pas de vouloir prévoir ce qui va se passer ; les familles encore plus et de manière singulière, car elles se sentent obligées de préparer le devenir de leurs enfants afin qu’ils s’adaptent et progressent. Elles paraissent même veiller à les rendre ambitieux pour qu’ils acquièrent la force d’avancer et de ne jamais fléchir dans leur détermination d’atteindre les buts programmés. Il s’agit de tentatives défensives face à l’angoisse d’un futur imprévisible. Elles peuvent se renforcer en pensant aux précédents malheureux, ou interprétés comme tels, lors des générations antérieures. Mais elles sont nécessaires pour calmer les inquiétudes et plus encore pour construire une ligne identificatoire, un fil rouge depuis le legs ancestral jusqu’aux temps à venir. Pour mieux cerner ce trait universel, l’auteur se penche, clinique à l’appui, sur certaines productions de l’inconscient groupal de la famille : l’anticipation, l’idéal du moi familial, les idéaux, l’idéalisation, l’angoisse du futur. Il situe également leurs rapports avec des concepts comme le moi-idéal, le soi familial et le mythe familial.
Travail de deuil des idéaux en fin de thérapie
Authors: Cornuel Nathalie , Pelletier Annie , Mazeau Nicolas
Published: December 2017

À la fin d’une thérapie familiale d’orientation psychanalytique réalisée en institution, les auteurs s’interrogent sur le travail de deuil des idéaux familiaux au cours de la vie familiale et au moment des transitions de vie. Ils s’attachent à repérer les réaménagements et achoppements des idéaux familiaux, thérapeutiques et institutionnels au cours de la thérapie. Ces idéaux viennent se déposer, se redéployer sur la scène du néo-groupe et faire résonance. Comment leur mise au travail dans la thérapie peut-elle contribuer à relancer les capacités de symbolisation et de transformation dans la famille ?
Sigmund Freud et ses sorcières
Authors: Houssier Florian
Published: December 2017

L’adolescence est repérée par ses principaux biographes comme la période la moins connue de la vie de Freud. Elle prend pourtant une place importante dans certains de ses rêves ou encore au cours de la correspondance avec son ami d’adolescence E. Silberstein. L’auteur reprend plus particulièrement certains épisodes saillants et parfois méconnus de sa correspondance avec son ami pour faire émerger plusieurs situations de sa vie d’adolescent mettant en jeu son attirance pour les duos mère-fille ; nous explorons plus particulièrement l’image maternelle archaïque représentée par la figure de la sorcière qui apparaît chez Freud comme le négatif de la mère idéalisée.
Rendre sociologique
Authors: Nollet Jérémie , Thibault Nicolas
Published: December 2017

L’étude de l’action publique permet de « sociologiser » notre regard sur l’État : plutôt que de le saisir comme une chose homogène et immuable, elle l’analyse au concret, au prisme des interactions de divers acteurs (dans et hors de l’État) et de la fabrication des politiques publiques qui en découlent. La sociologie des problèmes publics est l’un des principaux outils au service de cette approche. Elle montre que l’action publique n’est jamais la réponse nécessaire à un problème préexistant, même si c’est ainsi qu’elle peut être présentée par les acteurs du débat public ou les responsables politiques.
Lippi : transformation digitale, saison 2 ?
Authors: Lippi Frédéric
Published: December 2017

Lancée en 2008, la transformation digitale de Lippi, une PMI de deux cents personnes, a été saluée comme l’une des plus complètes et des plus radicales en France. Frédéric Lippi, élu “boss digital” de l’année 2014, revient à l’École de Paris pour expliquer comment l’ouverture sur l’extérieur, l’information partagée et les réflexes collaboratifs ont exercé des effets positifs concrets sur le fonctionnement de l’entreprise, et profondément transformé sa vision et même son modèle économique. Désormais, elle ne vend plus des clôtures mais des “espaces de liberté”...
Quel avenir pour les coopératives ?
Authors: Liret Pierre
Published: December 2017

Dès lors que l’on laisse de côté les idées reçues, le monde coopératif surprend par sa diversité et la richesse des solutions qu’il propose. À la fois héritier des grandes utopies égalitaires du XIX e siècle et acteur économique performant du XXI e siècle, ancré dans les territoires mais aussi inscrit dans la mondialisation, cet univers méconnu surprend par sa diversité et offre des alternatives, parfois aussi inattendues qu’efficaces, à la toute-puissance du modèle libéral dominant.
Voir et être vu : le rôle de la honte en situation clinique
Authors: Steiner John
Published: December 2017

L’effet de la honte sur un patient peut empêcher son émergence hors d’un état de retrait psychique. Dans l’abord de cette situation, le patient est confronté à deux formes d’angoisse : la première liée au fait de voir son objet plus distinctement, la seconde liée au fait de devenir lui-même plus visible. Le fait de voir est la source de sentiments plus profonds, mais aussi plus perturbants, en lien avec la culpabilité et la dépression que procure la prise en considération des dommages infligés au bon objet. Toutefois, ces sentiments peuvent ne pas être pris en compte si la honte exige un soulagement immédiat. La honte est une caractéristique saillante de la situation analytique, et sa prise en compte par l’analyste peut l’aider dans sa tâche de permettre à ses patients de tolérer le mal-être d’être vu et d’accéder à une perlaboration des conflits liés à l’acte de voir. Deux exemples cliniques seront discutés brièvement. Dans le premier, les sentiments d’infériorité diminuèrent au fur et à mesure qu’avançait l’analyse, permettant l’émergence de sentiments de valorisation et de dépression. Dans le deuxième, c’est un sentiment d’embarras qui était associé à tout progrès que le patient effectuait et qu’il avait de la peine à admettre. Ce travail soutient l’idée que l’analyse de la honte est nécessaire en clinique. Elle permet de mieux tolérer le fait d’être vu et favorise la perlaboration des conflits liés au voir.
Désengagement ou scepticisme engagé ? L’action politique et citoyenne des jeunes québécois
Authors: Robert-Mazaye Christelle , Demers Stéphanie , Boutonnet Vincent , Lefrançois David
Published: December 2017

Cet article propose de questionner l’engagement politique et citoyen des jeunes québécois en examinant les deux points suivants : 1) Existe-t-il actuellement une tendance au désengagement politique et citoyen chez les jeunes comme le suggère leur faible taux de participation aux récentes élections ? et 2) Dans un contexte de défiance vis-à-vis des structures politiques classiques, quels sont les espaces que les jeunes investissent pour former leur pensée politique et citoyenne ? Les données de la littérature indiquent que les jeunes rejettent les formes traditionnelles de participation sociale et politique, mais ne se montrent pas désintéressés de l’action citoyenne. En effet, ils s’engagent en dehors des cadres formels, en participant notamment à des communautés de discours ou à des échanges de natures sociale et politique, au sein de la famille et avec leurs pairs. Ces espaces leur offrent l’occasion d’apprendre à exprimer et consolider leur position politique et citoyenne, tout en influençant celles des autres, dont celles de leurs parents.
Support photographique et dépistage bucco-dentaire : étude en milieu scolaire
Authors: Tenenbaum Annabelle , Sayada Mélanie , Azogui-Levy Sylvie
Published: December 2017

Objectif : Des fortes inégalités sociales de santé bucco-dentaire existent dès le niveau scolaire de maternelle. Un dépistage bucco-dentaire est réalisé lors du bilan de santé obligatoire à six ans à l’école. Les professionnels de la médecine scolaire sont peu formés aux problèmes bucco-dentaires. L’objectif de notre étude est d’évaluer la pertinence d’un support photographique comme outil de formation simple et rapide au dépistage bucco-dentaire. Le but est de réaliser un dépistage efficace, standardisé et reproductible. Méthodes : Une étude transversale a été réalisée à l’occasion de l’examen dentaire effectué lors du bilan de santé. Deux examinateurs (médecin E1 et infirmière E2) ont été formés à la réalisation du dépistage bucco-dentaire à l’aide d’une plaquette photographique. Conçue comme un référentiel, ce support présente les principales pathologies bucco-dentaires des enfants accompagnées d’un bref texte explicatif. Un chirurgien-dentiste référent réexamine les enfants à la suite des E1 et E2. Résultats : Sur les 109 demandes d’autorisation de dépistage délivrées, il y eu 102 réponses positives (93,57 %). Pour le diagnostic des lésions carieuses, la sensibilité du dépistage des examinateurs 1 et 2 était de 81,48 % et la spécificité de 96 %. Il n’existait pas d’influence de l’âge (+/– six ans) sur le taux des dépistages corrects. Conclusions : La plaquette photographique est un outil pertinent et rapide de formation au dépistage bucco-dentaire pouvant améliorer la qualité du dépistage et augmenter ainsi le nombre d’enfants dépistés grâce à la simplicité de sa mise en œuvre.
Possibilités offertes par la rééducation fonctionnelle dans la prise en charge orthodontique préventive et interceptive
Authors: Ammouche Farida
Published: December 2017

Les dysfonctions oro-faciales et les parafonctions constituent le point de départ de beaucoup d’anomalies orthodontiques et ce dès la denture temporaire. Parmi ces anomalies, la béance incisive, les malpositions dentaires et les décalages au niveau des arcades alvéolaires sont les plus fréquentes. La rééducation fonctionnelle comme approche préventive ou dans le cadre de l’interception orthodontique permet de réduire de façon notable le risque d’apparition ou d’évolution de ces anomalies en malocclusions plus importantes et plus difficiles à prendre en charge. Elle consiste à rééduquer et à rétablir des fonctions oro-faciales perturbées dans leur déroulement physiologique, il peut s’agir de troubles de la déglutition/phonation, de la respiration et/ou de la mastication.