bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Event-by-Event Particle Ratio Fluctuations at LHC Energies
Authors: Khan Shaista , Ali Bushra , Chandra Anuj , Ahmad Shakeel
Published: October 2021

A Monte Carlo study of identified particle ratio fluctuations at LHC energies is carried out in the framework of HIJING model using the fluctuation variable

ν

dyn

. The simulated events for Pb-Pb collisions at

s

N
N

=
2.76

and 5.02 TeV and Xe-Xe collisions at

s

N
N

=
5.44
 
TeV

are analyzed. From this study, it is observed that the values of

π
,
K

,

p
,
K

, and

π
,
p

follow the similar trends of energy dependence as observed in the most central collision data by NA49, STAR, and ALICE experiments. It is also observed that

ν

dyn

for all the three combinations of particles for semicentral and central collisions, the model predicted values of

ν

dyn

A
,
B

for Pb-Pb collisions at

s

N
N

=
2.76
 
TeV

agree fairly well with those observed in the ALICE experiment. For peripheral collisions, however, the model predicted values of

ν

dyn

π
,
K

are somewhat smaller, whereas for

p
,
K

and

π
,
p

it predicts larger values as compared to the corresponding experimental values. The possible reasons for the observed differences are discussed. The

ν

dyn

values scaled with charged particle density when plotted against

N

part

exhibit a flat behaviour, as expected from the independent particle emission sources. For

p
,
K

and

π
,
p

combinations, a departure from the flat trend is, however, observed in central collisions in the case of low

p

T

window when the effect of jet quenching or resonances is considered. Furthermore, the study of

ν

dyn

A
,
B

dependence on particle density for various collision systems (including proton-proton collisions) suggests that at LHC energies

ν

dyn

values for a given particle pair are simply a function of charged particle density, irrespective of system size, beam energy, and collision centrality.
Time-Fractional Klein–Gordon Equation with Solitary/Shock Waves Solutions
Authors: Saifullah Sayed , Ali Amir , Irfan Muhammad , Shah Kamal
Published: October 2021

In this article, we study the time-fractional nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation in Caputo–Fabrizio’s sense and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo’s sense. The modified double Laplace transform decomposition method is used to attain solutions in the form of series of the proposed model under aforesaid fractional operators. The suggested method is the composition of the double Laplace transform and decomposition method. The convergence of the considered method is demonstrated for the considered model. It is observed that the obtained solutions converge to the exact solution of the proposed model. For validity, we consider two particular examples with appropriate initial conditions and derived the series solution in the sense of both operators for the considered model. From numerical solutions, it is observed that the considered model admits pulse-shaped solitons. It is also observed that the wave amplitude enhances with variations in time, which infers the coefficient

α

significantly increases the wave amplitude and affects the nonlinearity/dispersion effects, therefore may admit monotonic shocks. The physical behavior of the considered numerical examples is illustrated explicitly which reveals the evolution of localized shock excitations.
Identifying the Service Areas and Travel Demand of the Commuter Customized Bus Based on Mobile Phone Signaling Data
Authors: Wang Jingyuan , Zhang Meng
Published: October 2021

In recent years, customized bus (CB), as a complementary form of urban public transport, can reduce residents’ travel costs, alleviate urban traffic congestion, reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, and contribute to the sustainable development of society. At present, customized bus travel demand information collection method is passive. There exist disadvantages such as the amount of information obtained is less, the access method is relatively single, and more potential travel demands cannot be met. This study aims to combine mobile phone signaling data, point of interest (POI) data, and secondary property price data to propose a method for identifying the service areas of commuter CB and travel demand. Firstly, mobile phone signaling data is preprocessed to identify the commuter’s location of employment and residence. Based on this, the time-space potential model for commuter CB is proposed. Secondly, objective factors affecting commuters’ choice to take commuter CB are used as model input variables. Logistic regression models are applied to estimate the probability of the grids being used as commuter CB service areas and the probability of the existence of potential travel demand in the grids and, further, to dig into the time-space distribution characteristics of people with potential demand for CB travel and analyze the distribution of high hotspot service areas. Finally, the analysis is carried out with practical cases and three lines are used as examples. The results show that the operating companies are profitable without government subsidies, which confirms the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper in practical applications.
Long-Term Effect of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Treating Patients with Previous Ischemic Stroke on the Disease Recurrence
Authors: Yu Jia , Liu Yufeng , Sun Peng , Guo Xing , Jiang Haiyang , Fang Wei , Jin Xin
Published: October 2021

Background and Objective. Thrombolytics and anticoagulants are conventional drugs for ischemic stroke (IS) treatment, whereas some patients have unfavorable responses to these drugs. The disease presents a relatively high recurrence rate. This investigation attempted to unveil the long-term effect of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in treating patients with previous IS on the disease recurrence. Methods. A total of 120 patients with IS admitted to Tangdu Hospital from July 2016 to September 2017 were grouped into the control group (

n
=
60

) and the observation group (

n
=
60

). Patients in the control group were only treated with thrombolytics and anticoagulants while those in the observation group were treated with both drugs and LAAO. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed to observe the occlusion of LAA in patients in the observation group after 45 d and 6 months, respectively. Clinical outcomes in two groups were compared from the following aspects: recurrence of IS, incidence of systemic embolism, and the 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). The 3-year IS recurrence of patients was compared by Fisher’s exact test. Results. No significant differences were observed at baseline levels (age, sex, etc.) between the observation group and control group (

p
>
0.05

). During follow-up visit of 45 d and 6 months, all occluders met the efficacious occludsion criteria. The results of TEE at 45 d after LAAO showed that 50% of patients (30/60) in the observation group had complete occlusion of LAA. The results of TEE at 6 months after LAAO suggested that 58.3% of patients (35/60) had complete occlusion of LAA. IS recurrence in the observation group (3.33%, 2/60) was significantly lower than that in the control group (18.33%, 11/60), with the difference presenting statistical significance (

p
=
0.008

). Incidence of systemic embolism in the observation group (1.67%, 1/60) was markedly lower than that in the control group (13.33%, 11/60) (

p
=
0.014

). The average RFS in the observation group (31.97 months, 95% CI: 27.50~32.31 months) was notably longer than that in the control group (29.91 months, 95% CI: 29.85~32.92 months) (

p
<
0.05

). The 3-year IS recurrence of patients between two groups compared by Fisher’s exact test showed significant differences (1 year:

p
=
0.014

, 2 year:

p
=
0.008

, 3 year:

p
=
0.008

). Conclusion. Regarding patients with previous IS who had poor response to thrombolytics and anticoagulants, LAAO could effectively decrease recurrence of IS and incidence of systemic embolism and prolong RFS of patients. LAAO was, therefore, an alternative for patients with high IS recurrence risk.
Serum sTREM-1 and CXCL-16 Levels in Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia and Their Diagnostic Value
Authors: Fang Chengchao , Mao Yueyan , Jiang Mingfen , Yin Wei
Published: October 2021

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It is characterized by severe symptoms, long course of disease, many intrapulmonary complications, and poor therapeutic effect. In recent years, the incidence of Mycoplasma infection have been gradually rising trend, and the children’s own immune system development is not mature, cases differences, children with mild can only show the upper respiratory tract infection, and critically ill children can lead to lung infection and even lead to multiple organ dysfunction, affect life and health of children. Soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cell-1 (sTREM-1) is a subtype secreted by myeloid cell trigger receptor-1, which is released into blood in large amounts when the body is infected, and is a newly discovered inflammatory indicator in recent years. CXC chemokine 16 (CXCL-16) can recruit lymphocytes by chemotaxis through binding to its receptor CXCR6 to participate in the body’s immune regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum sTREM-1 and CXCL-16 levels in children with MPP and to analyze their correlation with the disease and diagnostic value. The results showed that the serum levels of sTREM-1 and CXCL-16 were increased in children with Mycoplasma. Serum levels of sTREM-1 and CXCL-16 were positively correlated with the severity of the disease. sTREM-1 combined with CXCL-16 has an important value in the diagnosis of children with MPP.
Studies on the Removal of Cadmium Toxic Metal Ions by Natural Clays from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Process
Authors: Bassam Rajaa , El hallaoui Achraf , El Alouani Marouane , Jabrane Maissara , El Khattabi El Hassan , Tridane Malika , Belaaouad Said
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is the valorization of the Moroccan clays (QC-MC and QC-MT) from the Middle Atlas region as adsorbents for the treatment of water contaminated by cadmium Cd (II) ions. The physicochemical properties of natural clays are characterized by ICP-MS, XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. The adsorption process is investigated as a function of adsorbent mass, solution pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cd (II) ion concentration. The kinetic investigation shows that the adsorption equilibrium of Cd (II) ions by both natural clays is reached after 30 min for QC-MT and 45 min for QC-MC and fits well to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The isotherm study is best fitted by a Freundlich model, with the maximum adsorption capacity determined by the linear form of the Freundlich isotherm being 4.23 mg/g for QC-MC and 5.85 mg/g for QC-MT at 25°C. The cadmium adsorption process was thermodynamically spontaneous and exothermic. The regeneration process showed that these natural clays had excellent recycling capacity. Characterization of the Moroccan natural clays before and after the adsorption process through FTIR, SEM, XRD, and EDX techniques confirmed the Cd (II) ion adsorption on the surfaces of both natural clay adsorbents. Overall, the high adsorption capacity of both natural clays for Cd (II) ions removal compared to other adsorbents motioned in the literature indicated that these two natural adsorbents are excellent candidates for heavy metal removal from aqueous environments.
Role of TLR4/MyD88 Signaling Pathway in the Occurrence and Development of Uremia-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy and Possible Mechanism
Authors: Zhu Huiping , Pan Liutong , Dai Yuanting , Zheng Dan , Cai Shasha
Published: October 2021

The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are relatively high. Studies have shown that most patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) die from cardiovascular complications. Clinically, the pathophysiological state in which heart disease and kidney disease are causal and influence each other is called cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Myocardial hypertrophy is the key stage of the heart structure changing from reversible to irreversible. It is an important pathophysiological basis for heart failure. Therefore, this study intends to start with the end-stage uremic phase of CKD to construct an animal model of uremia in rats to study the relationship between uremia, TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, and myocardial hypertrophy. The results showed that the uremic rats showed slow weight gain and were thinner. At 12 weeks (w), the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen of the uremic rats increased, and the global hypertrophy index increased. Detecting the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88) in blood samples of rats, we found that the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 increased at 12 w in the uremia group; pathological observation showed that at 4 weeks of uremia model rats, renal tissue compensatory hypertrophy, renal fibrous membrane proliferation, renal parenchyma atrophy, a large number of fibrous proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the interstitium, and protein casts in the renal tubules were observed. Myocardial cells were obviously hypertrophy and disordered. At 12 w, renal tubules were obviously expanded, the epithelium was flat, the brush border disappeared, and the interstitial fibrous connective tissue of the myocardial tissue was proliferated. The detection of TLR4 and MyD88 in kidney tissue and myocardial tissue revealed that the positive expression of TLR4 and MyD88 gradually increased over time. Therefore, the final result of the study is that uremia can gradually lead to myocardial hypertrophy and TLR4 and MyD88 are highly expressed in serum, kidney, and myocardial tissues of uremic rats, suggesting that TLR4 and MyD88 may be related to the degree of uremic disease and the myocardium caused by it. Hypertrophy is related.
New Optical Soliton Solutions to the Fractional Hyperbolic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Sharif Ahmad
Published: October 2021

This paper is aimed at investigating the soliton solutions of the hyperbolic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Exact analytical solutions of the model are acquired through applying an integration method, namely, the Sine-Gordon method. It is observed that the method is able to efficiently determine the exact solutions for this equation. Graphical simulations corresponding to some of the results obtained in the paper are also drawn. These results can help us better understand the behavior and performance of this model. The procedure implemented in this paper can be recommended in solving other equations in the field. All calculations and graphing are performed using powerful symbolic computational packages in Mathematica software.
Energy‐Efficient Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Surveillance Utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Do Hai T. , Truong Linh H. , Nguyen Minh T. , Chien Chen-Fu , Tran Hoang T. , Hua Hoang T. , Nguyen Cuong V. , Nguyen Hoa T. T. , Nguyen Nga T. T.
Published: October 2021

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) enhance connectivity and accessibility for civilian and military applications. A group of UAVs with on‐board cameras usually monitors or collects information about designated areas. The UAVs can build a distributed network to share/exchange and to process collected sensing data before sending to a data processing center. A huge data transmission among them may cause latency and high‐energy consumption. This paper deploys artificial intelligent (AI) techniques to process the video data streaming among the UAVs. Thus, each distributed UAV only needs to send a certain required information to each other. Each UAV processes data utilizing AI and only sends the data that matters to the others. The UAVs, formed as a connected network, communicate within a short communication range and share their own data to each other. Convolution neural network (CNN) technique extracts feature from images automatically that the UAVs only send the moving objects instead of the whole frames. This significantly reduces redundant information for either each UAV or the whole network and saves a huge energy consumption for the network. The UAVs can also save energy for their motion in the sensing field. In addition, a flocking control algorithm is deployed to lead the group of UAVs in the working fields and to avoid obstacles if needed. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the proposed algorithms in either AI‐based data processing or controlling the UAVs. The results show promising points to save energy for the networks.
Osteoprotective Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivatives on the Regeneration of Mandibular Defects in Experimentally Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Amin Laila E. , Salama Naglaa
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Osteoporosis is a progressive systematic skeletal illness characterized by low bone mineral density and susceptibility to fracture caused by bone resorption. Aim of the Study. This study intended to evaluate the possible role of emdogain in combination with calcitonin on the healing of surgically induced mandibular defects performed on osteoporotic rats. Materials and Methods. Forty healthy female white albino rats were included in this study and divided into four groups. In group I (negative control), 10 rats received a vehicle injection after which a unilateral mandibular defect was created in each rat of all groups. Three groups were subjected to induction of osteoporosis by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg/kg/day dexamethasone for 60 days. In group II, rats were kept without treatment. In group III, rats were treated with daily intramuscular injection of 2.5 IU/kg of synthetic salmon calcitonin. In group IV, rats were handled as group III, and the created cavity was filled with emdogain. Rats were euthanized at 2nd and 4th week postsurgically. Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, NF-κB (nuclear factor of activated B cells), and immunohistochemical stains were used, followed by statistical analysis. Results. Group I showed normal stages of bone defects healing. Group II revealed the formation of granulation tissue with dilated blood vessels, while groups III and IV showed enhanced bone healing and proper collagen fibers. The percentage area of newly formed collagen fibers was significantly higher in group IV at 2nd week (13.96 ± 0.020%) and 4th week (16.95 ± 0.024%) than in group II (8.75 ± 0.015% and 10.29 ± 0.015%, respectively) and group III (12.93 ± 0.015% and 14.61 ± 0.021%, respectively), but was lower than that in group I (15.75 ± 0.015% and 17.49 ± 0.015%, respectively). Conclusion. The local application of emdogain combined with systemically injected calcitonin improves bone healing in surgically induced bone defects in osteoporotic rats.
A Novel Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis: An Analysis Based on the Large MIMIC-III Clinical Database
Authors: Han Didi , Xu Fengshuo , Li Chengzhuo , Zhang Luming , Yang Rui , Zheng Shuai , Wang Zichen , Lyu Jun
Published: October 2021

Background. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can cause various complications. Septic shock is a relatively common and serious complication that causes uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which is one of the main causes of death. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting the overall survival of SAP patients during the initial 24 hours following admission. Materials and Methods. All the data utilized in this study were obtained from the MIMIC-III (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III) database. The data were analyzed using multivariate Cox regression, and the performance of the proposed nomogram was evaluated based on Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The clinical value of the prediction model was tested using decision-curve analysis (DCA). The primary outcomes were 28-day, 60-day, and 90-day mortality rates. Results. The 850 patients included in the analysis comprised 595 in the training cohort and 255 in the validation cohort. The training cohort consisted of 353 (59.3%) males and 242 (40.7%) females with SAP. Multivariate Cox regression showed that weight, sex, insurance status, explicit sepsis, SAPSII score, Elixhauser score, bilirubin, anion gap, creatinine, hematocrit, hemoglobin, RDW, SPO2, and respiratory rate were independent prognostic factors for the survival of SAP patients admitted to an intensive care unit. The predicted values were compared using C-indexes, calibration plots, integrated discrimination improvement, net reclassification improvement, and DCA. Conclusions. We have identified some important demographic and laboratory parameters related to the prognosis of patients with SAP and have used them to establish a more accurate and convenient nomogram for evaluating their 28-day, 60-day, and 90-day mortality rates.
Assess the Application of the E-Value in the Unmeasured Confounder Evaluation of Observational Pharmaceutical Studies
Authors: Huang Lihong , Ma Jianbing , Qiu Xiaochun , Suo Tao
Published: October 2021

Public health is very important in big cities, and data analysis on public health studies is always a demanding issue that determines the study effectiveness. E-value was proposed as a standard sensitivity analysis tool to assess unmeasured confounders in observational studies, but its value is doubted. To evaluate the usefulness of E-value, in this paper, we collected 368 observational studies on drug effectiveness evaluation published from 1998 to September 2019 (out of 3426 searched studies) and evaluated the features of E-value. We selected the effects of primary outcomes or the largest effects in terms of hazard ratio, risk ratio, or odds ratio. Effects were transformed into estimated effect sizes following a standard E-value computation. In all 368 studies, the disease with the highest percentage was infections and infestations, at 21.7% (80/368). Our results showed that the median relative effect size was 1.89 (Q1-Q3: 1.41–2.95), and the corresponding median E-value was 3.19 with 95% confidence interval lower bound 1.77. Smaller studies yielded larger E-values for the effect size estimate and the relationship was considerably attenuated when considering the E-value for the lower bound of 95% confidence interval on the effect size. Notably, E-values have a monotonic, almost linear relationship with effect estimates. We found that E-value may cause misimpressions on the unmeasured confounder, and the same E-value does not reflect the varying nature of the unmeasured confounders in different studies, and there lacks a guidance on how E-value can be deemed as small or large, all of which limits the capability of E-value as a standard sensitivity analysis tool in real applications.
Effects of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields in Cell Vitality, Apoptosis, and Proliferation of TPC-1 Cells
Authors: Liu Zhenguo , Zou Yawen , Sun Ying , Chen Xiaolong , Chen Xinhua , Ren Zhigang
Published: October 2021

Objective. To evaluate the effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) with different pulse durations in cell vitality, apoptosis, and proliferation of TPC-1 cells, optimize pulse parameters and expand the application range of nsPEFs. Methods. The pulse duration of 0, 300 ns, 500 ns, and 900 ns is generated with nsPEF generator. CCK-8 was used to investigate the effect of nsPEFs on the viability of TPC-1 cells. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptosis of TPC-1 after pulse treatment. The effect of nsPEFs on the proliferation ability of TPC-1 cells was detected by 5-ethy-nyl-2

′

-deoxyuridine. The morphological changes of TPC-1 cells after pulse treatment were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results. NsPEFs with 900 ns pulse duration can significantly affect the viability of TPC-1 cells and inhibit the proliferation ability of TPC-1 cells. In addition, nsPEFs can also induce apoptosis of TPC-1 cells. Conclusion. NsPEFs with longer pulse duration can significantly affect the biological behavior of TPC-1 cells, such as cell viability and proliferation ability, and can also induce cell apoptosis, thereby inhibiting cell growth.
Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Reveals Early Tumor Microenvironmental Changes Induced by Immunotherapy
Authors: Paidi Santosh Kumar , Rodriguez Troncoso Joel , Raj Piyush , Monterroso Diaz Paola , Ivers Jesse D. , Lee David E. , Avaritt Nathan L. , Gies Allen J. , Quick Charles M. , Byrum Stephanie D. , Tackett Alan J. , Rajaram Narasimhan , Barman Ishan
Published: October 2021

Cancer immunotherapy provides durable clinical benefit in only a small fraction of patients, and identifying these patients is difficult due to a lack of reliable biomarkers for prediction and evaluation of treatment response. Here, we demonstrate the first application of label-free Raman spectroscopy for elucidating biomolecular changes induced by anti–CTLA4 and anti–PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal tumor xenografts. Multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) decomposition of Raman spectral datasets revealed early changes in lipid, nucleic acid, and collagen content following therapy. Support vector machine classifiers and random forests analysis provided excellent prediction accuracies for response to both ICIs and delineated spectral markers specific to each therapy, consistent with their differential mechanisms of action. Corroborated by proteomics analysis, our observation of biomolecular changes in the TME should catalyze detailed investigations for translating such markers and label-free Raman spectroscopy for clinical monitoring of immunotherapy response in cancer patients.

Significance:

This study provides first-in-class evidence that optical spectroscopy allows sensitive detection of early changes in the biomolecular composition of tumors that predict response to immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
The Clinical Value of Serum Adropin Level in Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Es-haghi Ali , Al-Abyadh Tuqa , Mehrad-Majd Hassan
Published: October 2021

Background/Aims: Adropin is a metabolic hormone secreted by the liver, brain, and many peripheral tissues and is involved in energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Some reports have indicated a significant decrease in serum adropin levels in type 2 diabetic patients. However, the significance of a decline in adropin level in early detection of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of adropin in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without nephropathy. Methods: A total of 135 unrelated subjects (including 45 diabetic patients with nephropathy, 45 without nephropathy, and 45 healthy controls) were enrolled in this study. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from all patients. Serum adropin levels of all cases were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The correlations of serum adropin levels with anthropometric and biochemistry variables were determined. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association of adropin with odds of nephropathy. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was obtained to explore the optimum serum adropin concentration in distinguishing diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. Results: Diabetic patients with nephropathy showed lower serum adropin levels than those in patients without nephropathy and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that serum adropin was negatively correlated with BMI, FBS, HbA1c, blood urea, creatinine, LDL, and ACR and positively correlated with HDL and albumin. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum adropin was correlated with decreased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, in ROC analysis, at cutoff value 3.20 (mg/dL) with an AUC = 0.830, adropin had 80% sensitivity and 60% specificity for distinguishing the diabetic nephropathy. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that decreased level of adropin is associated with renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum adropin concentrations may be used as a biomarker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy.
Awareness, perception and acceptability of digital physiotherapy intervention among Malaysian physiotherapist
Authors: Vasanthi Rajkumar Krishnan , Ling Lee Cai , Muniandy Yughdtheswari
Published: October 2021

Digital health intervention (DHI) can solve the patient's problem, such as geographical inaccessibility, delayed provision of care, low-level adherence to clinical protocols, and financial burden. DHI does not necessary to work as a substitution for a functioning health system but helps strengthen its function. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the awareness, perception, and acceptability of digital physiotherapy intervention (DPI) among Malaysian physiotherapists. A total of 209 practicing physiotherapists representing all the regions in Malaysia participated in this online self-reported questionnaire, including demographics profile, continuous professional development, awareness, perception and acceptability of DPI. Analyzed the collected data to determine the knowledge of DPI by using descriptive statistical methods. A 75.1% of the Malaysian physiotherapist aware of digital physiotherapy intervention, 69.38% perceived it reduces the cost for face to face, reduce the time for traveling 47.85%, improve adherence to exercises 42.58%, 78% of them agree with the DPI and 75.1% of them accepted to recommend the digital tools to their patient. Malaysian physiotherapists are aware, agree and recommend the digital physiotherapy intervention to their treatment plan. However, it should still raise awareness about digital physiotherapy intervention to lead them to the future. Developing new digital tools, utilization, and overcoming the various healthcare institutions' low acceptability considering the cost, conventional interventions, and time-consuming should be strategized in Malaysia.
Non-communicable diseases risk factors among government school teachers in Jodhpur, Rajasthan
Authors: Joshi Vibha , Joshi Nitin Kumar , Suthar Praveen , Jain Yogesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are considered as life-style diseases. School teachers' behavior in this context could be transmitted to students that may act as determining factor of prevention for NCDs at primordial level. Aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of risk factors among teachers and their practices with respect to common NCDs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jodhpur among 394 government school teachers. Questionnaire was adopted from WHO STEPS tool and responses were documented which included socio-demographic details, anthropometric measurements and risk factors including diet, hours of physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake. Mean age of participants was 43 years out of which 23% were found to be having blood pressure more than 140/90 mm of Hg at the time of interview. 4.8% consumed alcohol and 1.5% was smokers. Mean body mass index (BMI) was found to be 25.4 while only 13% had their cholesterol checked post 35 years of age. The 23.6% had knowledge of reducing fat by using the right type of cooking oil, 35.7% were engaged in any daily physical activity and 76% knew that excess salt was not good for health. This survey assessed baseline levels by identifying the overall prevalence and associated risk factors that provided first step towards initiating surveillance for NCDs among school teachers in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, whilst delivering the necessary information concerning with developing a suitable framework for determining priorities over intervention.
Vector control Aedes sp. during pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Alvira Nur , Saputri Eka Silvia , Asmarani Fajarina Lathu , Erwanto Rizky , Vidayanti Venny
Published: October 2021

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Indonesia, the government also faces another health problem, namely dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The routine activities of the dengue management system have been significantly curtailed as government authorities concentrate more on containing the transmission of the COVID-19. This study aimed to describe vector control Aedes sp. during pandemic COVID-19, such as community activities in controlling breeding places, area risk, vector density and the determinant factors. This study was a community-based cross-sectional survey involving 136 households in the endemic area of Gondokusuman District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data analysis was performed through simple and multiple logistic regression tests. Vector control for Aedes sp. breeding places during pandemic COVID-19 in the community are still low; the high level of vector density proves this based on House Index (HI): 44.1%, container index (CI): 57.4%, and Breteau Index (BI): 213.2%. This district is also at high risk to be the breeding places of Aedes sp. based on maya index (MI): 64.7%. The determinant factor that affects this condition is the lack of support by health workers/cadres during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Soaking time of lime solutions (Citrus aurantifolias) against the metal content reduction of cadmium in green shellfish (Perna viridis)
Authors: Alristina Arie Dwi , Hayudanti Dewinta , Laili Rizky Dzariyani , Ethasari Rossa Kurnia
Published: October 2021

Indonesia has the potential for large marine and fisheries resources, reaching 23.26 million tons per year. Green shellfish (Perna viridis) are a source of animal protein that can be classified as Complete Protein because of its high levels of essential amino acids. These green shellfish are cheaper than other seafood products. However, heavy metals can be absorbed by shellfish, which is cadmium (Cd) which if consumed can accumulate in the body, cause health problems and lead to death. Therefore, research is needed to reduce cadmium levels in green shellfish, including using a lime solution (Citrus aurantifolia). This study was to determine the effectiveness of the soaking time of lime in reducing the cadmium levels in green shellfish. The research was an experimental with a pretest-posttest group design. Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test was used to analyze data by SPSS. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) that means the longer the soaking time, the longer the time for the citrate ions to react with metal cadmium, more cadmium is bound to the lime solution. It showed that soaking green shellfish with lime solution for 120 minutes was the most effective to reduce 73.77% of cadmium levels in green shellfish.
The epidemiology of burn injury among children during COVID-19 19 pandemic and WFH policy in Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wihastyoko Herman Yosef Limpat , Arviansyah Arviansyah , Sidarta Erdo Puncak
Published: October 2021

Work from home (WFH) mandate is one of the major changes known during this pandemic, aimed as a preventive way to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This study aimed to observe the characteristics of pediatric burn injury during COVID-19 pandemic and WFH mandate's impact on pediatric burn injury admission at some Hospital burn centers in Malang. Every patient’s age, gender, clinical characteristics, parent's background, and other variables such as the possession of siblings, response time using our burn registry form, and comparative analysis of the incident in WFH housewife mother were assessed. The majority were in the group age of under five years old group age (70%) with a mean of 5.5 years. The most frequent part of the burn injured is extremity 36.7%, and hot liquid dominates as the cause of the injury 73.3% with the total body surface area of burn injury group >10% is the most common 56.7%. The burn injury incident happened more frequently in mothers with children less than two in both groups. This study showed that the increase in increasement of the pediatric burn injury during COVID-19 pandemic between housewife mother and WFH mother has no significant difference also showed that parent especially mother unable to supervise the children during WFH. Strategies to mitigate pediatric burn injuries during WFH should be thoughtfully implemented.
As diversas faces da morte de crianças na perspectiva de médicos e enfermeiros
Authors: Nina Rachel Vilela de Abreu Haickel , Lamy Zeni Carvalho , Garcia João Batista Santos , Álvares Maria Emília Miranda , Cavalcante Milady Cutrim Vieira , Nina Vinicius José da Silva , Thomaz Erika Brabara Abreu Fonseca
Published: October 2021

Introdução: Adoecimento e morte de crianças são eventos pouco aceitos na sociedade. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de médicos e enfermeiros de terapia intensiva sobre a morte de crianças. Métodos: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, com médicos e enfermeiros de três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI Pediátrica, UTI Neonatal e UTI Cardiológica) de um hospital de ensino. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas, transcritas e analisadas segundo análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 14 profissionais, com idade entre 28-53 anos, que possuíam tempo mínimo de dois anos de atuação em terapia intensiva e média de 43 horas semanais de trabalho. Os sentimentos e atitudes diante da morte emergiram da análise das falas e foram categorizados nos seguintes temas: percepção da morte na infância, obstinação terapêutica e sofrimento no encontro com as famílias. Os profissionais reconheceram lacunas na formação durante a graduação e pós-graduação para lidar com a morte de crianças. Sofrimento, ansiedade, culpa, frustração e impotência foram relatados, demonstrando a complexidade que envolve situações de morte de criança. A condição clínica e a capacidade de interação da criança influenciaram nas atitudes e na própria maneira do profissional lidar com a morte. A espiritualidade foi um importante mecanismo de enfrentamento. Conclusão: A morte de crianças em UTI provoca sentimentos ambivalentes em médicos e enfermeiros responsáveis pelo seu cuidado. Os profissionais sofrem pela morte de alguém que ainda não desfrutou da vida, porém a aceitam quando pensam no fim de uma vida marcada por sofrimentos e limitações impostos pela doença. O contato com o tema morte durante a formação profissional e nas discussões regulares dos serviços podem auxiliar na forma de lidar com esse evento. A espiritualidade foi um importante recurso de enfrentamento.
Acidente Vascular Cerebral por dissecção carotídea bilateral pós-procedimento odontológico: relato de caso
Authors: Reimann Junior Oscar , Mello Neto Heraldo de Oliveira , Ferreira Louise Caroline Azevedo , Liu Jonathan Wei Ting Wen , Steclan Chelin Auswaldt , Costa Adriélle da , Lang Michael Ricardo
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A dissecção da artéria carótida (DAC) tem como uma das principais repercussões o Acidente Vascular Cerebral isquêmico (AVCi) em indivíduos jovens previamente saudáveis. É comum que nas DAC traumáticas, como em acidentes automobilísticos, o paciente seja submetido à investigação mais complexa com exames de imagem. Estes permitem um diagnóstico precoce e, portanto, um tratamento, reduzindo as chances de sequelas. Todavia, causas não traumáticas com desfecho de DAC já foram relatadas, como as causas odontológicas. Objetivo: Contribuir para valorização diagnóstica da DAC não traumática e profilaxia de AVC subsequente. Métodos: Relatamos um caso de dissecção não aneurismática das artérias carótidas internas (ACI) pós-procedimento odontológico com desfecho de AVC bilateral em paciente de 52 anos. Resultados: Devido à forte associação de DAC a fatores traumáticos, em um primeiro contato com a paciente não foram levantadas suspeitas da ocorrência de DAC nem de AVC (ausência de déficit focal). Porém, tardiamente, foi identificada oclusão da ACI à esquerda e estenose na ACI direita, resultando em dois AVCs e incapacidade funcional severa na alta. Conclusão: O diagnóstico da DAC é um desafio, em especial por tratar-se de uma lesão de etiologia multifatorial. No entanto, seu reconhecimento precoce afetará diretamente o desfecho do paciente. Portanto, na presença de eventuais sintomas de alerta, faz-se necessário um meticuloso questionamento sobre as últimas atividades do indivíduo. Este estudo alerta para a adoção de condutas profiláticas na ocorrência de fatores causais como hiperextensão cervical prolongada ou movimentos súbitos da cervical.
Reasons for Uncontrolled Blood Pressure Among US Adults: Data From the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Sakhuja Swati , Colvin Calvin L. , Akinyelure Oluwasegun P. , Jaeger Byron C. , Foti Kathryn , Oparil Suzanne , Hardy Shakia T. , Muntner Paul
Published: October 2021

Identifying subgroups of the population with different reasons for uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) can inform where to direct interventions to increase hypertension control. We determined characteristics associated with not being aware of having hypertension and being aware but not treated with antihypertensive medication among US adults with uncontrolled BP using the 2015 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (N=2282). Among US adults with uncontrolled BP, systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, 38.0% were not aware they had hypertension, 15.6% were aware but not treated and 46.4% were aware and treated with antihypertensive medication. After multivariable adjustment, US adults who were 18-39 versus ≥70 years old were more likely (prevalence ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.11–1.99]) and those who had a health care visit in the past year were less likely (prevalence ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.48–0.77]) to be unaware they had hypertension. Among US adults with uncontrolled BP who were aware they had hypertension, those 18 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and 60 to 69 versus ≥70 years old were more likely to not be treated versus being treated with antihypertensive medication. Not being treated with antihypertensive medication versus being treated and having uncontrolled BP was less common among those with versus without a usual source of health care (prevalence ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.51–0.94]) and who reported having versus not having a health care visit in past year (prevalence ratio, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.35–0.61]). In conclusion, to increase BP control, interventions should be directed towards populations in which hypertension awareness is low and uncontrolled BP is common despite antihypertensive medication use.
First report of the genus Brachygaster Leach (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from India with two new species
Authors: RAMESHKUMAR ANANDHAN , HUBEN MIKE R. , KAZMI SARFRAZUL ISLAM
Published: October 2021

The genus Brachygaster Leach (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) is reported from India for the first time and two new species, B. rarum sp. nov. and B. kawadai sp. nov., are described from Maharashtra and Jharkhand. The new species are compared with oriental species viz., B. tschekylli Madl and B. conjugens Enderlein.
Two new species and a new species group of Mycodrosophila Oldenberg, 1914 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Amazon
Authors: CORRÊA ROBSON CREPES , GOTTSCHALK MARCO SILVA , DA SILVA CARVALHO-FILHO FERNANDO , MENDES MAYARA FERREIRA , DA SILVA VALENTE VERA LÚCIA
Published: October 2021

There are 130 described species in the genus Mycodrosophila Oldenberg, 1914, distributed across all biogeographic regions. Most of these species show essential mycophagy. Currently, ten species are known from the Neotropical Region, nine of which are found in the Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Pampa biomes of Brazil. In this study, we describe the adult external morphology and structures of male and/or female terminalia for two new species from the Amazon Biome of Brazil. In addition, we propose a new species group, the Mycodrosophila neoprojectans group, encompassing the two new species described here, together with three previously described species from the Neotropics.
Description of a new codling species of Physiculus from Taiwan (Gadiformes: Moridae)
Authors: TANG CHI-NGAI
Published: October 2021

A new species of codling Physiculus megastomus sp. nov. is described based on the holotype and a subadult paratype collected from northern and eastern Taiwan. The new species is classified in Physiculus by the presence of a ventral light organ on the abdomen and a chin barbel, and the absence of vomerine teeth. It is distinguished from congeners in having a large mouth with the posterior end of the maxilla extending well behind the level of the posterior margin of the orbit, its length 57.8‒60.7% in head length (HL) and the combination of the following characters: both jaws bearing caniniform teeth; snout, suborbital area, and gular region fully scaled; ventral light organ small, its length 5.5‒6.7% of distance from the interventral line to the origin of the anal fin (InV-af), located approximately at the mid-point of InV-af; five gill rakers on the upper limb of the first gill arch. DNA barcoding supported the establishment of the new species.
A new species of Apteroscirtus Karsch, 1891 (Ensifera, Tettigoniidae, Mecopodinae) from Angola
Authors: HEMP CLAUDIA , PARÍS MERCEDES
Published: October 2021

A new species of Apteroscirtus is described from Angola, enlarging the known area of distribution of this genus to west-southern Africa.
Of Proust and Prophets: Samuel, Elijah, and Charles Swann
Authors: Auld A. Graeme
Published: October 2021

The discovery of a much smaller draft of a multi-volume novel has suggested a partial analogy with the writing of Samuel-Kings in the Hebrew Bible. The draft makes no mention of the novel’s main character; and the proposed earlier version of the biblical narrative is silent about the prophetic giants that dominate the text we know.
EFL Reformed Curriculum in Vietnam: An Understanding of Teachers’ Cognitions and Classroom Practices
Authors: Tran Nam Giang , Ha Xuan Van , Tran Ngoc Hai
Published: October 2021

Second/foreign language (L2) education reforms have triggered increasing research investigating the effectiveness of and teachers’ cognitions and practices concerning the reformed curricula. This study extends this line of enquiry by employing a sociological perspective, an undertaking that little prior research has demonstrated in L2 teacher cognition literature, to explore teachers’ understanding, knowledge and beliefs about and their actual implementation of a reformed English language curriculum (i.e. task-supported language teaching) in Vietnam. The participants were six experienced English-as-a-foreign-language teachers at a secondary school. The data comprised in-depth semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, lesson plans and classroom observations. The findings showed that the teachers made use of their existing deep-rooted knowledge and beliefs about language teaching and learning to enact the reformed curriculum in their own ways, illustrating a focus-on-forms approach. The study drew on Bernstein's notion of pedagogic discourse to shed light on the teachers’ rationales for their own ways of practice. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Seeing the tundra for the plants, on the eco-spiritual wholeness of arctic vegetation
Authors: Yamin-Pasternak Sveta , Pasternak Igor
Published: October 2021

Drawing on ethnographic field research in Chukotka, Russia, this article explores ideas and practices connected with the Arctic tundra vegetation that speak to its place in Chukchi spirituality and cultural milieu. The ethnographic focus is on a Chukchi remembrance ceremony with other social contexts of human–plant interaction offered as comparative examples. Contributing novel insight for the considerations of sentient landscapes and ceremonial engagements with plants, the article turns to the Chukchi eco-spiritual relationships in the beyond-the-human world. It suggests that the vegetation cover is not merely an assemblage of fungi and plants, but an organismal membrane through which the tundra communicates and acts, while also facilitating integrations between the human and beyond-the-human worlds.