bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active turbulence and spontaneous phase separation in inhomogeneous extensile active gels
Authors: Assante Renato , Corbett Dom , Marenduzzo Davide , Morozov Alexander
Published: December 2022

We report numerical results for the hydrodynamics of inhomogeneous lyotropic and extensile active nematic gels.
Structural stabilization of honeybee wings based on heterogeneous stiffness
Authors: Yu Li , Zhao Jieliang , Wang Wenzhong , Zong Le , Ge Siqin , Yan Shaoze
Published: December 2022

In honeybee wings, the variation in modulus existing in the wing membrane significantly optimizes the stress distribution of the wing during the flight of a honeybee.
Hollow cubic CdS@CoS/WS2dual S-scheme heterojunction superstructure toward optimized photothermal–photocatalytic performance
Authors: Kong Weifeng , Xing Zipeng , Zhang Hang , Fang Bin , Cui Yongqian , Li Zhenzi , Chen Peng , Zhou Wei
Published: December 2022

Hollow cubic CdS@CoS/WS2dual S-scheme heterojunction superstructures with a full spectral response showing good photothermal–photocatalytic properties are fabricated using a simple sulfidation and hydrothermal method.
Plastic pollution requires an integrative systems approach to understand and mitigate risk
Authors: Courtene-Jones Winnie , Clark Nathaniel J. , Thompson Richard C.
Published: December 2022

To date, much effort has been placed on quantifying plastic pollution and understanding its negative environmental effects, arguably to the detriment of research and evaluation of potential interventions. This has led to piecemeal progress in interventions to reduce plastic pollution, which do not correspond to the pace of emissions. For substances that are used on a global scale and identified as hazardous, there is a need to act before irreversible damage is done. For example, the history of dichlorodiphenyltrichloethane's (DDT) use has demonstrated that legacy chemicals with properties of persistence can still be found in the environment despite being first prohibited 50 years ago. Despite the growing evidence of harm, evidence to inform actions to abate plastic pollution lag behind. In part, this is because of the multifaceted nature of plastic pollution and understanding the connections between social, economic and environmental dimensions are complex. As such we highlight the utility of integrative systems approaches for addressing such complex issues, which unites a diversity of stakeholders (including policy, industry, academia and society), and provides a framework to identify to develop specific, measurable and time-bound international policies on plastic pollution and meet the ambitious yet necessary goals of the UN Plastic Treaty.
The Challenges Encountered by Conventional Hearing Aid and/or Cochlear Implant Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kabiş Burak , Yıldırım Gökay Nuriye , Tutar Hakan , Karamert Recep , Gündüz Bülent
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress, quality of life, and access to hearing health services experienced by adults and children who use hearing aid and/or cochlear implant and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:

Perceived Stress Scale, Personal Wellbeing Index, and World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaires were applied online to 30 adults with hearing loss and parents of 61 children with hearing loss. Also, a survey was conducted to acquire more about the demographics of people who use cochlear implants and conventional hearing aids, as well as the difficulties they encountered during the COVID-19 period.

Results:

Although child user families experienced more problems than adults during the COVID-19 period, the stress levels of child user families were higher than that of adult user families (
p
= .05). Even though there was no statistically significant difference, the families of pediatric users had lower quality of life than adult users.

Conclusions:

The stress/anxiety problems that arise as a result of this are coming to the forefront of both patients and their relatives. The findings indicate that creative strategies should be developed to give individuals with hearing loss efficient access to hearing health services.
“Communication Is Not Exactly My Field, but It Is Still My Area of Work”: Staff and Managers' Experiences of Communication With People With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Christensen Iben , Power Emma , Togher Leanne , Norup Anne
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Communication between people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and rehabilitation staff can be impacted by cognitive-communication disorders. Communication partner training (CPT) programs hold potential to improve communication between people with TBI and their communication partners. To tailor CPT programs to the rehabilitation environment, it is critical to understand the nature of communicative interactions for staff members. This study explores staff and managers' experiences of communication with people with TBI in the rehabilitation setting.

Method:

Individual semistructured videoconference interviews were carried out with staff members (
n
= 22) and managers (
n
= 4) varying in terms of professions and length of work experience. Interviews were guided by a phenomenological approach to gain comprehensive knowledge of staff and managers' lived experiences of communication with people with TBI.

Results:

Four themes with nine subthemes were generated: (a) cognitive-communication disorders challenge interaction (communication is socially inappropriate, the diversity of presenting symptoms associated with TBI is demanding), (b) staff struggle in communication (there is a breakdown of communicative collaboration, communication increases staff's workload, emotional well-being of staff is at risk), (c) communication context is crucial (tasks affect communication, extending the professional roles), and (d) staff want communication knowledge and skills (needs vary according to work experience, access to tailored strategies, and feedback).

Conclusions:

Staff and managers experienced communication with people with TBI as highly demanding. The socially inappropriate communication in people with TBI was perceived to disturb the collaborative aspects of communication and create negative emotional impacts for staff. Staff experiences varied according to discipline, work experience, rehabilitation tasks, and facility. Consequently, staff and managers expressed a need for specific communication strategies to help them overcome the communicative challenges.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21579159
Validation of the Vanderbilt Responses to Your Child's Speech Rating Scale for Parents of Young Children Who Stutter
Authors: Singer Cara M. , Kelly Ellen M. , White A. Zebedee , Zengin-Bolatkale Hatun , Jones Robin M.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

This study reports the development, refinement, and exploration of the psychometric properties of the Vanderbilt Responses to Your Child's Speech (VRYCS) rating scale, a novel measure designed to assess parents' self-perceived responses to the speech of their children who stutter (CWS).

Method:

Parents of 214 young (ages 2;4[years;months]–5;11) CWS completed the original 40-item version of the VRYCS. Content analyses and an exploratory factor analysis determined the scale's factors and identified specific items corresponding to each. Items that did not load onto the factors were removed and internal consistency was assessed.

Results:

The final 18-item VRYCS rating scale includes five factors relating to parents' responses to the speech of their CWS including (a) Requesting Change, (b) Speaking for the Child, (c) Supporting Communication, (d) Slowing and Simplifying, and (e) Responding Emotionally. Reliability was demonstrated, responses by parents of CWS were described, and a revised scoring form developed.

Conclusions:

The VRYCS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing and exploring parents' perceptions of their own responses to the speech of their CWS for clinical and research purposes. Clinical applications of the VRYCS for assessment and treatment of childhood stuttering are discussed.
Production and Comprehension of Prosodic Boundary Marking in Persons With Unilateral Brain Lesions
Authors: de Beer Carola , Hofmann Andrea , Regenbrecht Frank , Huttenlauch Clara , Wartenburger Isabell , Obrig Hellmuth , Hanne Sandra
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Persons with unilateral brain damage in the right hemisphere (RH) or left hemisphere (LH) show limitations in processing linguistic prosody, with yet inconclusive results on their ability to process prosodically marked structural boundaries for syntactic ambiguity resolution. We aimed at systematically investigating production and comprehension of three prosodic cues (
f
0
range, final lengthening, and pause) at structural boundaries in coordinate sequences in participants with right hemisphere brain damage (RHDP) and participants with left hemisphere brain damage (LHDP).

Method:

Twenty RHDP and 15 LHDP participated in our study. Comprehension experiment: Participants and a control group listened to coordinate name sequences with internal grouping by a prosodically marked structural boundary (grouped condition, e.g., “(Gabi und Leni) # und Nina”) or without internal grouping (ungrouped condition, e.g., “Gabi und Leni und Nina”) and had to identify the target condition. The strength and combinations of prosodic cues in the stimuli were manipulated. Production experiment: Participants were asked to produce coordinate sequences in the two conditions (grouped, ungrouped) in two different tasks: a Reading Aloud and a Repetition experiment. Accuracy of participants' productions was subsequently assessed in a rating study and productions were analyzed with respect to use of prosodic cues.

Results:

In the Comprehension experiment, RHDP and LHDP had overall lower identification accuracies than unimpaired control participants and LHDP were found to have particular problems with boundary identification when the pause cue was reduced. In production, LHDP and RHDP employed all three prosodic cues for boundary marking, but struggled to clearly mark prosodic boundaries in 28% of all productions. Both groups showed better performance in reading aloud than in repetition. LHDP relied more on using
f
0
range and pause duration to prosodically mark structural boundaries, whereas RHDP employed final lengthening more vigorously than LHDP in reading aloud.

Conclusions:

We conclude that processing of linguistic prosody is affected in RHDP and LHDP, but not completely impaired. Therefore, prosody can serve as a relevant communicative resource. However, it should also be considered as a target area for assessment and treatment in both groups.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21637505
Toward Neurodiversity: How Conversation Analysis Can Contribute to a New Approach to Social Communication Assessment
Authors: Yu Betty , Sterponi Laura
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this clinical focus article was to illustrate the potential of employing conversation analysis (CA) as a method for assessing social communication that is neurodiversity affirming.

Method:

This clinical focus article will provide an overview of CA and explain how it offers a theoretically grounded means of analyzing autistic children's everyday social interactions. Our aim is not simply to add a new assessment instrument to the disciplinary toolbox but to use the occasion to spur a reconsideration of how social communicative competence is currently conceptualized in the field and how those assumptions are reified through assessment practices. We will present a case illustration of a bilingual autistic child and his family. We will discuss the implications of a CA-informed assessment for reconceptualizing autistic social communicative competence.

Results:

The case study illustrates the contributions of CA for (a) shifting the focus of assessment from social communication as an individual skill to social communication as an interactional achievement and (b) surfacing social communicative competencies that may be dismissed as pathologies.

Conclusions:

CA offers a relational understanding of autistic communication and sociality that is compatible with a critical stance on disability. Insights from CA problematize deeply entrenched notions of autism and social communication in speech-language pathology.
Spatio‐temporal decision‐making and trajectory planning framework with flexible constraints in closed‐loop dynamic traffic
Authors: Zhang Ting , Fu Mengyin , Liu Tong , Song Wenjie
Published: December 2022

Driving in interactive dynamic traffic is a huge challenge for autonomous vehicles, especially for motion planning. The autonomous vehicle not only needs to predict the future states of the social vehicles to avoid a collision but also realizes the comfort and continuous plan. To deal with the problem, a spatio‐temporal decision‐making and motion planning framework with flexible constraints based on previous work is proposed. Improvements can be highlighted in three aspects. First, a neural network for trajectory prediction is trained and it is integrated into the framework, which can learn the social vehicles' reactions in the negotiation better and give more accurate predictions. Second, instead of setting the fixed local targets, the flexible‐constraint mechanism is introduced to increase the success rate of continuous planning, specifically, the local planning target is determined conditioned on the situation with an elastic factor. Third, two popular simulators with randomly disposed traffic participants are exploited, where vehicles are mutually influenced, more similar to real‐world traffic. The closed‐loop tests with zero crashes and the comparative experiments with traditional models demonstrate the superior performance and practical significance of the proposed framework.
The equilibrium shape of (65) Cybele: primordial or relic of a large impact?
Authors: Marsset M. , Brož M. , Vermersch J. , Rambaux N. , Ferrais M. , Viikinkoski M. , Hanuš J. , Jehin E. , Podlewska-Gaca E. , Bartczak P. , Dudziński G. , Carry B. , Vernazza P. , Szakáts R. , Duffard R. , Jones A. , Molina D. , Santana-Ros T. , Benkhaldoun Z. , Birlan M. , Dumas C. , Fétick R. , Fusco T. , Jorda L. , Marchis F. , Vachier F. , Yang B.
Published: December 2022

Context. Cybele asteroids constitute an appealing reservoir of primitive material genetically linked to the outer Solar System, and the physical properties (size and shape) of the largest members can be readily accessed by large (8m class) telescopes.

Aims. We took advantage of the bright apparition of the most iconic member of the Cybele population, (65) Cybele, in July and August 2021 to acquire high-angular-resolution images and optical light curves of the asteroid with which we aim to analyse its shape and bulk properties.

Methods. Eight series of images were acquired with VLT/SPHERE+ZIMPOL, seven of which were combined with optical light curves to reconstruct the shape of the asteroid using the ADAM, MPCD, and SAGE algorithms. The origin of the shape was investigated by means of N-body simulations.

Results. Cybele has a volume-equivalent diameter of 263±3 km and a bulk density of 1.55 ± 0.19 g cm−3. Notably, its shape and rotation state are closely compatible with those of a Maclaurin equilibrium figure. The lack of a collisional family associated with Cybele and the higher bulk density of that body with respect to other large P-type asteroids suggest that it never experienced any large disruptive impact followed by rapid re-accumulation. This would imply that its present-day shape represents the original one. However, numerical integration of the long-term dynamical evolution of a hypothetical family of Cybele shows that it is dispersed by gravitational perturbations and chaotic diffusion over gigayears of evolution.

Conclusions. The very close match between Cybele and an equilibrium figure opens up the possibility that D ≥ 260 km (M ≥ 1.5 × 1019 kg) small bodies from the outer Solar System all formed at equilibrium. However, we cannot currently rule out an old impact as the origin of the equilibrium shape of Cybele. Cybele itself is found to be dynamically unstable, implying that it was ‘recently’ (<1 Gyr ago) placed on its current orbit either through slow diffusion from a relatively stable orbit in the Cybele region or, less likely, from an unstable, Jupiter-family-comet orbit in the planet-crossing region.
Numerical simulations of MHD jets from Keplerian accretion disks
Authors: Jannaud T. , Zanni C. , Ferreira J.
Published: December 2022

Context. The most successful scenario for the origin of astrophysical jets requires a large-scale magnetic field anchored in a rotating object (black hole or star) and/or its surrounding accretion disk. Platform jet simulations, where the mass load onto the magnetic field is not computed by solving the vertical equilibrium of the disk but is imposed as a boundary condition, are very useful for probing the jet acceleration and collimation mechanisms. The drawback of such simulations is the very large parameter space: despite many previous attempts, it is very difficult to determine the generic results that can be derived from them.

Aims. We wish to establish a firm link between jet simulations and analytical studies of magnetically driven steady-state jets from Keplerian accretion disks. In particular, the latter have predicted the existence of recollimation shocks – due to the dominant hoop stress –, which have so far never been observed in platform simulations.

Methods. We performed a set of axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of nonrelativistic jets using the PLUTO code. The simulations are designed to reproduce the boundary conditions generally expected in analytical studies. We vary two parameters: the magnetic flux radial exponent α and the jet mass load κ. In order to reach the huge unprecedented spatial scales implied by the analytical solutions, we used a new method allowing us to boost the temporal evolution.

Results. We confirm the existence of standing recollimation shocks at large distances. As in self-similar studies, their altitude evolves with the mass load κ. The shocks are weak and correspond to oblique shocks in a moderately high, fast magnetosonic flow. The jet emitted from the disk is focused toward the inner axial spine, which is the outflow connected to the central object. The presence of this spine is shown to have a strong influence on jet asymptotics. We also argue that steady-state solutions with α ≥ 1 are numerically out of range.

Conclusions. Internal recollimation shocks may produce observable features such as standing knots of enhanced emission and a decrease in the flow rotation rate. However, more realistic simulations (e.g. fully three-dimensional) must be carried out in order to investigate nonaxisymmetric instabilities and with ejection only from a finite zone in the disk, so as to to verify whether these MHD recollimation shocks and their properties are maintained.
Tidally locked rotation of the dwarf planet (136199) Eris discovered via long-term ground-based and space photometry
Authors: Szakáts R. , Kiss Cs. , Ortiz J. L. , Morales N. , Pál A. , Müller T. G. , Greiner J. , Santos-Sanz P. , Marton G. , Duffard R. , Sági P. , Forgács-Dajka E.
Published: December 2022

The rotational states of the members in the dwarf planet-satellite systems in the trans-Neptunian region are determined by formation conditions and the tidal interaction between the components. These rotational characteristics serve as prime tracers of their evolution. A number of authors have claimed a very broad range of values for the rotation period for the dwarf planet Eris, ranging from a few hours to a rotation that is (nearly) synchronous with the orbital period (15.8 d) of its satellite, Dysnomia. In this Letter, we present new light curve data for Eris, taken with ∼1–2 m-class ground based telescopes and with the TESS and Gaia space telescopes. The TESS data did not provide a well-defined light curve period, but it could be used to constrain light curve variations to a maximum possible light curve amplitude of Δm ≤ 0.03 mag (1-σ) for P ≤ 24 h periods. Both the combined ground-based data and Gaia measurements unambiguously point to a light curve period equal to the orbital period of Dysnomia, P = 15.8 d, with a light curve amplitude of Δm ≈ 0.03 mag, indicating that the rotation of Eris is tidally locked. Assuming that Dysnomia has a collisional origin, calculations with a simple tidal evolution model show that Dysnomia must be relatively massive (mass ratio of q = 0.01–0.03) and large (radius of Rs ≥ 300 km) to have the potential to slow Eris down to a synchronised rotation. These simulations also indicate that (assuming tidal parameters usually considered for trans-Neptunian objects) the density of Dysnomia should be 1.8–2.4 g cm−3. This is an exceptionally high value among similarly sized trans-Neptunian objects, setting important constraints on their formation conditions.
Predicting glare from daylight through microstructures solar control systems using matrix-based simulation methods in Radiance
Authors: Kjeldsen Emil P. O. , Rasmussen Helle Foldbjerg , Khanie Mandana S.
Published: December 2022

In this study the five-phase method and a parallelized invocation of evalglare has been used, to evaluate the performance of a microstructure and a Low-E window w/wo external blind, in terms of glare. The first part of the results investigates how Bidirectional-Scattering-Distribution-Functions, BSDF, and aBSDF (Aperture BSDF) properties bias the predicted glare through a microstructure, linking BSDF rank to saturation glare and resolution to contrast glare. The investigation found a combination of correct rank, low resolution and peak extraction (aBSDF) to be the best trade-off between speed and accuracy. The later comparison found none of the investigated systems to be sufficient glare protection. The microstructure was found to outperform the external blinds, using the current shading schedule (9% peak difference in occupied hours exceeding a DGP of 0.45).
Evaluating Digital Twin light quantity data exchange between a virtual and physical environment
Authors: Tabbah Alyaa , Fischl Géza , Aries Myriam
Published: December 2022

Building Information Management (BIM) and Digital Twin (DT) technology can optimise lighting to support human health and well-being and the building’s energy performance. The data exchange between a physical and virtual environment was investigated, focusing on a scenario in which optimal interaction between daylight and electric light derives an optimised realisation of a given light demand curve. Investigation and validation of a DT model were done using a virtual room simulated in DIALux Evo and its physical twin for three levels of geometrical complexity. The results show the influence of model complexity and consequences on the speed of information exchange.
Integrating Thermal-Electric Flexibility in Smart Buildings using Grey-Box modelling in a MILP tool
Authors: Bagle Marius , Delgado Benjamin Manrique , Sartori Igor , Walnum Harald Taxt , Lindberg Karen Byskov
Published: December 2022

In a smart grid setting, building managers are encouraged to adapt their energy operations to real-time market and weather conditions. However, most literature assume stationary temperature set points for heating and cooling. In this work, we propose a grey-box model to investigate how the energy flexibility of the thermal mass of the building may impact its energy flexibility potential as well as the investment decisions of the energy system within a building, by using an already developed investment decision tool, BUILDing’s OPTimal operation and energy design model (BUILDopt) (Lindberg et al. (2016)). As BUILDopt is a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP/MILP) tool, the flexibility models must be linear as well. We evaluate the energy flexibility potential, here called comfort flexibility, for use cases reflecting different heating systems (electric panel ovens vs. ground source heat pump) and operation (flexible vs. non-flexible). The case study of an Office building is performed, which considers electric specific demand, domestic hot water demand and space heating demand. Real historical data for weather and energy prices from Oslo are used, including grid tariffs related energy and monthly peak power. Most of the savings are obtained through peak load reduction, which can reach up to 13-16%. These and the savings from shifting demand away from peak prices lead to total savings of around 2%. Yet, these actions do not require additional investment in heat supply or storage components, nor in building renovations: only system measurement and control components are needed.
Coupled-Cluster theory revisited
Authors: Csirik Mihály A. , Laestadius Andre
Published: December 2022

In a series of two articles, we propose a comprehensive mathematical framework for Coupled-Cluster-type methods. In this second part, we analyze the nonlinear equations of the single-reference Coupled-Cluster method using topological degree theory. We establish existence results and qualitative information about the solutions of these equations that also sheds light of the numerically observed behavior. In particular, we compute the topological index of the zeros of the single-reference Coupled-Cluster mapping. For the truncated Coupled-Cluster method, we derive an energy error bound for approximate eigenstates of the Schrödinger equation.
Microstructure and Micro-Hardness Properties of In-Situ LENS Fabricated Ti-Al-Si-xV Alloys
Authors: Raji Sadiq Abiola , Popoola Abimbola Patricia Idowu , Pityana Sisa , Popoola Olawale Muhammed , Tlotleng Monnamme
Published: December 2022

This study presents laser in-situ alloying of Ti-Al-Si-xV alloys fabricated using the laser engineered net shaping (LENS) machine from elemental powders. The as-built samples were subjected to heat treatment at 1200°C, 1300°C, and 1400°C for 1 hour and furnace cooled (FC) with subsequent homogenization heat treatment at 950°C for 6 hours and FC. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). The micro-hardness properties were evaluated with the Vickers hardness tester. The results showed that alloying via in-situ powder deposition followed by heat treatment is practicable for the producing TiAl-based alloys with improved mechanical properties.
Aging due to successive reuse of polyamide 12 powder during laser sintering: extrinsic powder properties and quality of sintered parts
Authors: Alo Oluwaseun A. , Otunniyi Iyiola O. , Mauchline David
Published: December 2022

The effects of cumulative build time during the reuse of polyamide 12 (PA 12) for laser sintering (LS) on the morphology, size and shape distribution of the feedstock powder and quality of printed parts were investigated in this study. Both the virgin and reused powders contain potato-shaped, elongated, and relatively few near-spherical particles. In agreement with the scanning electron microscope images, the circularity-roundness plots also indicate presence of near-spherical, potato-shape, and elongated particles in the virgin and reused powders. Particle size distributions of the powders revealed an increase in the proportion of fine particles at higher reuse cycles, which is due to cracking and fragmenting during repeated exposure to the high processing temperature during LS. Mild orange peel was observed at a cumulative build time of 36.4 h, which becomes more evident with increase of the build time. Moreover, the presence of surface defects could be observed at cumulative build times greater than 36.4 h, and all the parts exhibit deviation in average thickness and width from the desired values.
Study of Investment Casting Process For 3D Printed Jewellery Design
Authors: Abisuga Oluwayemisi Adebola , Doran Kallie , de Beer Deon
Published: December 2022

Manufacturing processes are increasingly complex with the growing demands of advanced technology in the production processes, especially in the handicraft industry. The complex jewellery designs are complicated to be produced by hand, considering the international demand and dynamics in the jewellery industry. However, advanced production processes and 3D printers are changing the way jewellery designers and manufacturers work and making it easier to produce quality products with fewer production and labour input hours. This study examines the investment casting process of 3D printed design as an option for jewellery manufacturing. The research aims to access jewellery manufacturing processes and its technology application by using trending 3D printing as a rapid prototype. It used the design and production process of 'OneCent Africa' as a case study to describe the process in the investment casting of jewellery products. The investment casting was conducted by prototyping, and the lost wax jewellery casting stages using the vacuum casting machines and burnout oven, with the casting process monitored in parts. This research results led to a better understanding of the experimental casting outcomes and described the potential for the future technological development of jewellery businesses.
Experimental approach to calculate the moments of inertia of a hexacopter unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Setati Tiro , Botha Natasha , Roux Jeanne Marie
Published: December 2022

Moments of inertia define the amount of torque needed to rotate an object at a defined angular acceleration around a given axis. With the limited information available for multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), this paper sets out to experimentally determine the moments of inertia of a hexarotor UAV with a mounted payload. The moments of inertia are calculated in three rotational axes using pendulum and torsion tests. The pendulum test is performed to verify the test setup by experimentally determining a parameter which is already known: gravity. In pitch and yaw orientations gravity could be experimentally calculated to within 1.33% and 1.22% respectively. Unfortunately, this was not the case in the roll orientation, indicating that the test setup in that orientation needs to be adjusted. The torsion test is then performed to determine the period which is used to calculate the moments of inertia. Ultimately, these calculated moments of inertia will be used in simulation from which a flight controller can be designed.
The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of Ti-48Al-2Nb-0.7Cr-0.3Si alloy in 3.5%NaCl
Authors: Magogodi Steven , Mathabathe Maria , Bolokang Amogelang , Siyasiya Charles
Published: December 2022

Titanium aluminides (TiAl) have attracted industrial interest, particularly for high temperature applications owing to their promising mechanical properties. Due to the application of these materials to the marine environment it is therefore important to understand their performance under such conditions. In this study, the corrosion behaviour of Ti-48Al-2Nb-0.7Cr-0.3Si alloy produced by vacuum arc melting was investigated using the potentiodynamic polarization method. The corroded surface and Ti-Al phases were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hardness was examined by a Vickers micro hardness tester with a diamond indenter. Pitting was observed to occur within the surface defects and caused severe corrosion.
Image Super-Resolution Using Generative Adversarial Networks with Learned Degradation Operators
Authors: Molefe Molefe , Klein Richard
Published: December 2022

Image super-resolution is a research endeavour that has gained notoriety in computer vision. The research goal is to increase the spatial dimensions of an image using corresponding low-resolution and high-resolution image pairs to enhance the perceptual quality. The challenge of maintaining such perceptual quality lies in developing appropriate algorithms that learn to reconstruct higher-quality images from their lower-resolution counterparts. Recent methods employ deep learning algorithms to reconstruct textural details prevalent in low-resolution images. Since corresponding image pairs are non-trivial to collect, researchers attempt super-resolution by creating synthetic low-resolution representations of high-resolution images. Unfortunately, such methods employ ineffective downscaling operations to achieve synthetic low-resolution images. These methods fail to generalize well on real-world images that may suffer different degradations. A different angle is offered to solve the task of image super-resolution by investigating the plausibility of learning the degradational operation using generative adversarial networks. A two-stage generative adversarial network along with two architectural variations is proposed to solve the task of real-world super-resolution from low-resolution images with unknown degradations. It is demonstrated that learning to downsample images in a weakly supervised manner is an impactful and viable approach for super-resolution.
Intermetallic studies on the mechanical and dynamical properties of Fe1-xYxAl (Y = Pt and Ru) Alloys
Authors: Mkhonto Chrestinah S. , Lethole Ndanduleni L. , Ngoepe Phuti E. , Chauke Hasani R.
Published: December 2022

First-principles calculations were performed to determine the effect of Pt and Ru ternary alloying on structural, mechanical and dynamical properties of the binary Pm-3m-FeAl. FeAl based alloys are important for high-temperature applications due to their high oxygen corrosion resistance. Moreover, they are a major driver as a component for better infrastructure, industrial coating, and the improvement of automotive parts. The density functional theory (DFT) method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) approach was employed to perform all the calculations. The equilibrium cell parameters of the binary FeAl were predicted to be more than 90% in good agreement with the experimental data, warranting the validity of the approach employed. We found that Pt and Ru ternary alloying on FeAl significantly enhances the mechanical hardness, ductility and dynamical stability.
Methoden der interventionellen Radiologie bei
Lebertumoren
Authors: Lück Jan-Cedric
Published: December 2022

Die interventionelle Radiologie ist aus der heutigen Medizin nicht mehr
wegzudenken. Sie ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der Diagnose und Therapie von
Erkrankungen. Der folgende Artikel gibt der Leserin und dem Leser die
Möglichkeit, die interventionelle Radiologie anhand von
ausgewählten diagnostischen und therapeutischen Verfahren bei
Lebertumoren kennenzulernen.
Sarcoma of the Uterus. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/074, April 2021)
Authors: Denschlag Dominik , Ackermann Sven , Battista Marco Johannes , Cremer Wolfgang , Egerer Gerlinde , Fehr Matthias , Follmann Markus , Haase Heidemarie , Harter Philipp , Hettmer Simone , Horn Lars-Christian , Juhasz-Boess Ingolf , Kast Karin , Köhler Günter , Kröncke Thomas , Lindel Katja , Mallmann Peter , Meyer-Steinacker Regine , Mustea Alexander , Petru Edgar , Reichardt Peter , Schmidt Dietmar , Strauss Hans-Georg , Thiel Falk , Ulrich Uwe Andreas , Vogl Thomas , Vordermark Dirk , Wallwiener Markus , Gass Paul , Beckmann Matthias W.
Published: December 2022

Purpose This is an official guideline, published and coordinated by the Germany Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, DGGG).
Because of their rarity and heterogeneous histopathology, uterine sarcomas are challenging in terms of their clinical management and therefore require a multidisciplinary approach. To our
knowledge, there are currently no binding evidence-based recommendations for the appropriate management of this heterogeneous group of tumors.

Methods This S2k guideline was first published in 2015. The update published here is once again the result of the consensus of a representative interdisciplinary committee of experts
who were commissioned by the Guidelines Committee of the DGGG to carry out a systematic search of the literature on uterine sarcomas. Members of the participating professional societies
achieved a formal consensus after a structured consensus process.

Recommendations 1.1 Epidemiology, classification, staging of uterine sarcomas. 1.2 Symptoms, general diagnostic workup, general pathology or genetic predisposition to uterine
sarcomas. 2. Management of leiomyosarcomas. 3. Management of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas. 4. Management of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated uterine
sarcomas. 5. Management of adenosarcomas. 6. Rhabdomyosarcomas of the uterus in children and adolescents. 7. Follow-up of uterine sarcomas. 8. Management of morcellated uterine sarcomas. 9.
Information provided to patients.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser…
Authors: Obeid Rima
Published: December 2022

Die Heilkraft der Leber – Rückblick und Ausblick

Die
Leber galt im antiken Griechenland und in anderen Kulturen als das Zentrum der
Emotionen, die nicht auf Rationalität beruhen, insbesondere Lust, Wut und
Angst. Schon damals wusste man, dass die Leber uns krank oder gesund machen
kann.
Die Bedeutung von Cholin für die Entwicklung von
Säuglingen und Kindern
Authors: Bernhard Wolfgang , Poets Christian F. , Franz Axel R.
Published: December 2022

Cholin ist ein essenzieller Nährstoff mit wachstumsproportionalem Bedarf.
Eine zu geringe Zufuhr, eine gestörte Wiederaufnahme bzw. fäkale
Verluste durch Darmerkrankungen und bakterieller Abbau kann bei Kindern zu einem
Cholinmangel führen, ebenso wie ein erhöhter Fettgehalt der
Leber (Steatose). Bei Säuglingen liegt die Cholinzufuhr durch Formula
häufig unter der durch Muttermilch und hat eine unphysiologische
Zusammensetzung.
Mütterliches Cholin, fötale Gehirnentwicklung und
kindliche Neurokognition
Authors: Obeid Rima , Derbyshire Emma , Schön Christiane
Published: December 2022

Die Mehrheit der jungen Frauen erreicht nicht die Referenzwerte für die
Zufuhr von Cholin. Ein vermehrter Bedarf in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit
erhöht die Anfälligkeit der Mutter für einen
Cholinmangel. Beobachtungsstudien unterstützen Daten, nach denen es
einen Zusammenhang gibt zwischen der mütterlichen Versorgung mit Cholin
in der Schwangerschaft und der kindlichen neurokognitiven Entwicklung.
“My Brigham Baby” Application: A Pilot Study Using Technology to Enhance Parent's Experience in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Erdei Carmina , Forde Madison , Cherkerzian Sara , Conley Maria S. , Liu Cindy H. , Inder Terrie E.
Published: December 2022

Objective This study aimed to describe the family psychosocial experience in a level-III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and to assess how it evolved after rollout of an educational smartphone application (App) called “My Brigham Baby.”

Study Design We surveyed 25 NICU parents pre-App rollout (before coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic) and 25 parents post-App rollout (during pandemic). Collected data included parental self-reported discharge readiness, symptoms of stress and anxiety, and parenting skill confidence. Survey scores were assessed as total or mean scores, and by category of severity.

Results Pre-and post-App parents had comparable demographics, and their infants had similar clinical characteristics during their NICU stay. Discharge readiness differed by group status (p = 0.02) and was characterized by a greater frequency in being “very ready” for discharge among the post-App rollout parent group compared with the pre-App group (56 vs. 20%, p = 0.027), and parenting confidence shifted toward more optimal scores post-App rollout. Parental stress and anxiety symptoms did not significantly differ between groups despite possible stress contagion from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion This pilot study suggests that technology Apps are feasible interventions within NICU settings and may enhance parental experiences related to NICU hospitalization.

Key Points
Facial Nerve Schwannoma Treatment with Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) versus Resection followed by SRS: Outcomes and a Management Protocol
Authors: Dayawansa Sam , Dumot Chloe , Mantziaris Georgios , Mehta Gautam U. , Lekovic Gregory P. , Kondziolka Douglas , Mathieu David , Reda Wael A. , Liscak Roman , Cheng-chia Lee , Kaufmann Anthony M. , Barnet Gene , Trifiletti Daniel M. , Lunsford L Dade , Sheehan Jason
Published: December 2022

Background Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and resection are treatment options for patients with facial nerve schwannomas without mass effect.

Objective This article evaluates outcomes of patients treated with SRS versus resection + SRS.

Method We retrospectively compared 43 patients treated with SRS to 12 patients treated with resection + SRS. The primary study outcome was unfavorable combined endpoint, defined as worsening or new clinical symptoms, and/or tumor radiological progression. SRS (38.81 ± 5.3) and resection + SRS (67.14 ± 11.8) groups had similar clinical follow-ups.

Results At the time of SRS, the tumor volumes of SRS (mean ± standard error; 1.83 ± 0.35 mL) and resection + SRS (2.51 ± 0.75 mL) groups were similar. SRS (12.15 ± 0.08 Gy) and resection + SRS (12.16 ± 0.14 Gy) groups received similar radiation doses. SRS group (42/43, 98%) had better local tumor control than the resection + SRS group (10/12, 83%, p = 0.04). Most of SRS (32/43, 74%) and resection + SRS (10/12, 83%) group patients reached a favorable combined endpoint following SRS (p = 0.52). Considering surgical associated side effects, only 2/10 patients of the resection + SRS group reached a favorable endpoint (p < 0.001).

Patients of SRS group, who are > 34 years old (p = 0.02), have larger tumors (> 4 mL, 0.04), internal auditory canal (IAC) segment tumor involvement (p = 0.01) were more likely to reach an unfavorable endpoint. Resection + SRS group patients did not show such a difference.

Conclusion While resection is still needed for larger tumors, SRS offers better clinical and radiological outcomes compared to resection followed by SRS for facial schwannomas. Younger age, smaller tumors, and non-IAC situated tumors are factors that portend a favorable outcome.
Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cascade Cyclization for the Synthesis of 2-Arylquinolines
Authors: Chatterjee Rana , Pothireddy Mohanreddy , Dandela Rambabu
Published: December 2022

An efficient copper-catalyzed intermolecular decarboxylative cascade cyclization has been developed that uses readily accessible starting materials and less-expensive reagents. A one-pot reaction of an aryl aldehyde, an aniline, and acrylic acid permits the direct synthesis of 2-substituted quinolines through the sequential formation of C–N and C–C bonds. Furthermore, the three-component, one-pot, domino strategy features promising chemo- and regioselectivity and also tolerates a wide variety of substrates with excellent functional-group tolerance, high yields, a radical reaction pathway, and aerobic reaction conditions.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Secondary Propargylamines Exploiting CuI-Based Promoters and Determination of Their Relative Configuration by DFT-GIAO Conformational Analysis
Authors: Cimarelli Cristina , Bacchiocchi Corrado , Petroselli Manuel , Lippolis Martina , Gentili Dario , Gabrielli Serena
Published: December 2022

The stereoselective synthesis of several secondary propargylamines by the copper-promoted A3-coupling reaction of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with phenylacetylene and (R)-(+)-phenylethylamine is here reported. Two different synthetic methodologies have been investigated in this study, involving CuSO4/NaI and ­CeCl3·7H2O/CuI promoting systems. The reported methodologies were compared in terms of efficiency, diastereoselectivity, and toxicity, both showing advantages with respect to the current methodologies. The relative configurations of each of the obtained propargylamines, previously unknown in the literature, were assigned by comparison of the 1H NMR experimental chemical shifts with those theoretically predicted via the DFT-GIAO method.
Laboratory Results Release to Patients under the 21st Century Cures Act: The Eight Stakeholders Who Should Care
Authors: Arvisais-Anhalt Simone , Ratanawongsa Neda , Sadasivaiah Shobha
Published: December 2022

A major aim of the 21st Century Cures Act is to support patients' access to their electronic health data and to prevent information blocking practices by health care organizations and health information technology developers. Prior to the Cures Act, significant variation existed in patient access to laboratory test results, key pieces of health data which enable timely self-management and engagement in care. Although many health care systems began releasing test results immediately through patient portals because of the Cures Act, implementation remains challenging due to variations in state regulations around electronic results release, local interpretations of allowable exceptions to Cures information blocking, concerns about privacy of sensitive laboratory results, and technological limitations. This paper outlines the eight stakeholder groups involved in implementation of electronic laboratory result release to patients and describes recommendations for these groups to consider in achieving the Cures Act goals to support a patient's access to their health information and control of their health care.
Impact of COVID-19 on Infants followed after Discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using a Telemedicine Model
Authors: Montoya-Williams Diana , Gualy Sebastián , Mazur Margaux , Huber Matthew , Peña Michelle-Marie , DeMauro Sara B. , Duncan Andrea F.
Published: December 2022

Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to have a profound impact on infant health care and health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to characterize the social impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown on families in a neonatal follow-up program (NFP). Given the ongoing increased use of telehealth across the medicine, we also evaluated for patient-level differences in virtual visit rates to identify patients at risk of follow-up challenges.

Study Design To assess the impact of virtual health care utilization, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to describe challenges associated with telemedicine use in this vulnerable patient population during our telemedicine epoch (March 13, 2020–July 31, 2020). We also looked for patient-level factors associated with attending NFP visits as scheduled. Finally, we summarized caregiver responses to a COVID-19 Obstacles Assessment Survey and assessed for racial disparities in these responses.

Results When comparing patients who completed their virtual visit to those who did not, we found no differences by infants' sex, birth weight, gestational age at birth, or caregiver self-reported race and ethnicity. However, infants whose visits did not occur were more often discharged with equipment or covered by public insurance. Nine percent of families reported food insecurity.

Conclusion During the initial COVID-19 lockdown, families with infants discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) faced significant obstacles caring for their infants and attending scheduled follow-up visits. Infants in families with lower socioeconomic status or with increased medical complexity faced increased challenges in attending virtual follow-up visits during this epoch. Given the ongoing reliance on telemedicine in health care and the need to better prepare for future epidemics/pandemics, this study offers critical information that can assist neonatal teams in bolstering transitions to home and creating stronger safety nets for their patients after discharge.

Key Points