bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Applications of the Two Phases Closed Thermosyphon Technology in the Highways in Permafrost Regions: A Review
Authors: Du Shuai , Ye Zeliang
Published: April 2024

Permafrost covers about 23% ~ 25% of the land in the northern hemisphere, mainly in Russia, Canada, Alaska, Northeast and Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP) in China. Many engineering especially the transportation has been in the permafrost regions above. Under the action of highways construction and global warming, permafrost under infrastructures is degraded and causes serious damage. Two phases closed thermosyphon (TPCT) is a widely accepted green countermeasure against the problem in permafrost regions. Although it has been applied to prevent permafrost degradation, their application presents significant challenges on account of the stronger endothermic action of asphalt pavement. This paper focused on the thermosyphon technology and application in the permafrost. Moreover, the article highlighted the excellent working performance of the TPCT that improving the stability of the infrastructures and prevent it degrading due its excellent efficiency of heat transfer. The industrial applications of the TPCT were also summarized, along with their limitations. Finally, the results reported in this paper can provide a valuable guidance for the design of the TPCT and construction of the permafrost regions in the future.
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Mycoviruses in the Genus Armillaria in the Czech Republic
Authors: Walterová Lucie , Botella Leticia , Hejna Ondřej , De La Pena Marcos , Tonka Tomáš , Čurn Vladislav
Published: April 2024

Members of the genus Armillaria are widespread forest pathogens against which effective protection has not yet been developed. Due to their longevity and the creation of large-scale cloning of Armillaria individuals, the use of mycoviruses as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against these pathogens could be an effective alternative. This work describes the screening of double-stranded RNA banding patterns as a first approach for potential virus discovery and the use of stranded total RNA-seq for viral detection and characterization in Armillaria spp. collected in the Czech Republic. A total of five single-stranded RNA viruses were detected in Armillaria ostoyae and A. cepistipes, including the first virus of the family Tymoviridae found infecting a member the genus Armillaria and four viruses belonging to the recently described virus group "ambiviruses" with circular ambisense genome organization. Both hammerhead (HHRz) and hairpin (HpRz) ribozymes were detected in all the ambiviricot sequences. Armillaria viruses were compared by phylogenetic analysis and confirmed their specific host by direct RT-PCR, which showed the occurrence of interspecies transmission.
On the accuracy of approximation of the two-particle distribution function for a ferromagnet
Authors: Zamiatin Sergei Vladimirovich , Lukyanov Andrey Vladimirovich , Ivanov Anton Valerievich
Published: April 2024

When constructing a system of equations of correlation magnetodynamics (a model of a continuous medium of a ferromagnet), the BBGKY hierarchy is used. To close the BBGKY hierarchy, instead of the traditional mean field approximation, an approximation of the two-particle distribution function is used, taking into account correlations between nearest neighbors. One of the goals of this work is to check the quality of this approximation, where «atom-to-atom» modeling using the Landau–Lifshitz equations is taken as a standard. It is shown that the approximation has an average absolute error of the order of 0.001 for the moments of the distribution function. The constructed approximation allows us to obtain the value of the spontaneous magnetization of a separate implementation based on the nonlinearity of the two-particle distribution function for an ensemble of implementations.
Differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia caused by congenital hyperinsulinism
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sarkisyan H.A. , Dumova S.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mosesova E.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Arapova V.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Danovich A.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shumilov P.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a genetic disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion by pancreatic b-cells. CHI may induce the development of severe hypoglycemic conditions already in the neonatal period. The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia are diverse; therefore, an accurate algorithm is needed for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pathological conditions accompanied by hypoglycemia. One of the causes of low blood glucose levels is hyperinsulinism, both exogenous (administration of insulin or its stimulants) and endogenous (autonomous insulin secretion, disorders of the propulsive or endocrine function of the gastrointestinal tract). An increase in insulin levels in the blood due to hypoketonemia is one of the common signs of this condition. In etiopathogenesis, transient and persistent hyperinsulinism are distinguished. The latter is represented by monogenic (genetic defects in insulin secretion) and syndromic (associated with other hereditary diseases) forms. This article presents data on the characteristics of insulin metabolism, possible causes of CHI, and discusses the algorithm for differential diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia for timely detection of CHI. Key words: congenital hyperinsulinism, neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome, Sotos syndrome, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Kabuki syndrome, Costello syndrome, congenital disorders of glycosylation
Deployable Resilient Installation Water Purification and Treatment System (DRIPS) : geoenabled water production and disinfection systems for installations
Authors: Smith Clint , Acevedo-Acevedo Damarys , Atwain Fahmi , Diaz Lluberes Ilea , Tirmizi Osman , Atwain Ziyad , Smith Jason
Published: April 2024

The Deployable Resilient Installation water Purification and treatment System (DRIPS) was delivered to aid an Organic Industrial Base in increasing their Installation Status Report–Mission Capacity (ISR-MC) score from black to green as part of a Course of Action (COA) within their Installation Energy and Water Plan (IEWP). DRIPS was also intended to help them be better prepared for the future in meeting their water and energy requirement goals for sustainment of critical missions. The IEWP ISR-MC requirements were met upon implementation of this project. Overall, the purpose of the DRIPS is to be a critical asset in disaster response and military operations, providing a reliable and effective means of producing potable water and disinfection in challenging and unpredictable environments. Its adaptability, mobility, and comprehensive water treatment capabilities make it an invaluable resource for addressing water-related emergencies and water disruptions and for sustaining critical missions. It also addresses a point of need by improving the ability to meet demands, reducing convoy requirements and the logistical footprint, facilitating the endurance of expeditionary forces, and ensuring the well-being of affected installations during times of disaster response, training operations, normal water disruptions, and emergency preparation.
Fuzzy-Based Control System of Drilling Fluids Density and Apparent Viscosity Simultaneously: An Alternative Strategy to Support Autonomous Drilling Operations
Authors: Mello Thalles P. , Borges Filho Moacyr N. , Borges Rodrigo F. O. , Ferraz Rodrigo S. C. , Waldmann Alex T. , Scheid Cláudia M. , Meleiro Luiz A. C. , Calçada Luís A.
Published: April 2024

Among all the systems that make up a drilling operation, the production and correction of drilling fluid can be considered the heart of the process. Among the main objectives of the drilling fluid are to cool the drill bit and maintain the pressure gradient inside the drilling well, which is done by controlling its density. Another important function is transporting the cuttings from the bottom to the surface and keeping them in suspension in case of stoppage, which directly depends on the viscosity of the drilling fluid. Density and viscosity must be constantly maintained within an operational window, and failures can lead to serious accidents, even the loss of the well. Currently, this control is done manually: An operator collects samples of the fluid and takes them for analysis in the laboratory and subsequently makes the necessary corrections by manually adding products to the fluid. To reduce process dead time, keep personnel on board, and increase operation safety, a control and monitoring system is necessary. Fuzzy logic was chosen because it can be combined with classical methods, is cheap to develop and implement, and can be customized in terms of natural language, capturing the knowledge acquired by operators from equipment operation, bench tests, etc. This work aimed to develop a novel real-time monitoring and fuzzy-based system for simultaneous control of the apparent viscosity and density of non-Newtonian fluids, dealing with the inevitable interactions between them in a pilot experimental unit. A pilot plant was built to evaluate the fuzzy system approach for modeling and controlling of density and apparent viscosity of drilling fluids. The pilot flow loop comprises a mixing tank, solids vibrating feeders, and a water-dosing pump. The unit was instrumented with online sensors to measure fluid density, temperature, flow rate, differential pressure, and viscosity. The apparent viscosity and density of the non-Newtonian fluid were controlled by manipulating the dosage of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), barite, and water. The proposed methodology was compared to a classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller in servo and regulatory scenarios for apparent viscosity and density. The results showed that the fuzzy controller dealt adequately with the effect of variable interactions, keeping both variables within their setpoint ranges, demonstrating the ability to control them individually despite their interactions. These results also showed that the fuzzy-based controller could easily be integrated into a diagnostic-predictive monitoring system to control fluid properties, accomplishing setpoint changes and rejecting undesirable disturbances presenting a maximum overshoot of 7.5% for apparent viscosity and 0.3% for density.
Analyzing the Impact of Pipeline Length and CO2 Mass Flow Rate on the Transportation Cost Based on the Required Number of Booster Pumps: A Case Study of Houston
Authors: Diabate Massiagbe Fatoumata , Kalantari Fatemeh , Chen Steven , Shi Jian , Krishnamoorthy Harish Sarma
Published: April 2024

Carbon dioxide (CO2) occupies the leading position among greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that adversely impact the environment. A way to remedy the growing emission of CO2 is by using carbon capture and storage (CCS) or carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. This paper proposes a novel optimization framework to minimize the transportation cost of CO2 by determining the required number of booster pumps, with the consideration of the impact of pipeline length and CO2 flow rate. As a case study, we conducted a study of optimally transporting 1 Mt (million tonnes) of CO2 through pipelines from four well-defined sources over 62 miles (sink) in the greater Houston area (Texas, USA). This optimization problem considers the impact of pipeline length and CO2 flow rate on the transportation cost of CO2. The results from the optimized system show that the pipeline length and CO2 flow rate need to be tuned properly to optimally transport and recover the investment price. For the system to be cost-effective, it is preferable to transport a high flow rate of CO2 (>50 Mt) over a longer distance (>100 miles); anything outside the mentioned ranges or less can increase the investment and CO2 transportation costs.
Failure Analysis and Ultimate Expansion Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Thin-Walled Solid Expandable Tubular
Authors: Zhu Xiaohua , Cheng Feilong , Shi Changshuai
Published: April 2024

With the vigorous exploitation of shale gas, the cost of drilling and production of shale gas wells, which can reduce the cost, has also received attention. Equal-diameter solid expandable tubular (SET) technology is one of the best choices at present. For this paper, we carried out a series of expansion experiments for 20G pipe, and the experimental results show that the pipe breaks and fails at 30% expansion ratio. The cracked pipe is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the method to solve the failure of cracked pipe is proposed. In addition, a 3D dynamic model is established to study the relationship between the inner diameter, wall thickness, expansion ratio, and ultimate expansion ratio of the pipeline. The study results show that (1) SET made of 20G expanded successfully at 25% expansion ratio and failed at 30% expansion ratio, the fracture surface presents 45°, with typical shear failure characteristics; (2) SEM results showed that the pit characteristics were normal, the pipe was cracked under high stress, and the 20G pipe could not meet the expansion ratio of 30%; and (3) the maximum stress of 20G pipe during expansion is proportional to the expansion ratio. It is recommended that the SET expansion rate of 20G material should not exceed 26%. The research results will provide ideas and methods for the design of SET.
To scrounge or not to scrounge? Towards a unified theory of human food-sharing
Authors: Pinheiro Marcos Paiva
Published: April 2024

While it is widely believed that human food-sharing behavior can be explained by the concurrent influence of tolerated scrounging, kin selection and reciprocal exchange, no theoretically unified set of predictions has ever been derived from these models. The present work develops such an integrated explanatory framework for the first time and shows that a pure scrounging equilibrium is the only evolutionarily stable outcome when the tolerated scrounging, kin selection and reciprocal exchange mechanisms simultaneously concur to determine food-sharing behavior. In the discussion section, I argue that the formal proof developed here invites extensive revision of theoretical claims put forward by evolutionary anthropologists in their study of human food sharing and cooperation.
Context specificity of translation inhibitors revealed by toe-seq
Authors: Sergiev Petr , Kabilov Marsel , Komarova Ekaterina , Pichkur Evgeny , Zotova Polina , Kasatsky Pavel , Volynkina Inna , Tupikin Alexey , Pavlova Julia , Lukianov Dmitrii , Osterman Ilya , Pyshniy Dmitry , Paleskava Alena , Bogdanov Alexey , Dontsova Olga , Konevega Andrey
Published: April 2024

Translation is a critical step in gene expression and a target for multiple antibiotics. Inhibition of protein synthesis by many antibiotics depends on mRNA context, making them selective towards particular mRNAs. Toe-printing is a standard low-throughput method to determine ribosome position along mRNA. Hereby we report the development and application of the Toe-seq method, combining toe-printing with next-generation sequencing. Toe-seq proved to be efficient to monitor translation and its inhibition by antibiotics for the library of over 37 000 mRNAs. Context-specificity of antibiotic action could be determined for different antibiotics via Toe-seq. Previously known sequence dependencies of translation inhibition were reproduced by Toe-seq. Data obtained by Toe-seq demonstrated context-specificity of etamycin A (EtaA) action whose binding site is located in the nascent peptide tunnel. Comparison of EtaA specificity with that of erythromycin (Ery) and tetracenomycin X (TcmX) revealed important differences and commonalities. Structural basis for the context-specificity of translation inhibition by EtaA has been deciphered by cryo-electron microscopy at 2.2 Å resolution. Toe-seq method allows one to monitor ribosome progression and stalling in vitro at a codon resolution, making it possible to assess antibiotics context specificity in a multiple parallel assay.
Using Virtual Reality to Study Spatial Mapping and Threat Learning
Authors: Suarez-Jimenez Benjamin , Marino Claire , Rjabtsenkov Pavel , Sharp Caitlin , Ali Zonia , Pineda Evelyn , Bavdekar Shreya , Garg Tanya , Jordan Kendal , Halvorsen Mary , Aponte Carlos , Blue Julie , Zhu Xi
Published: April 2024

Using spatial mapping processes to learn about threat and safety in an environment is crucial for survival. Research using conditioning paradigms has explored the effects of state (transient arousal) and trait anxiety (anxiety as an aspect of personality) on threat learning and acquisition. However, results are mixed, and little is known regarding why some individuals do not learn to discriminate between threat and safety during contextual conditioning. We used a virtual reality (VR) contextual threat conditioning paradigm to elucidate the effects of state and trait anxiety on contextual threat learning. 70 healthy participants (46 female) navigated and “picked” flowers in a VR environment. Flowers picked in the dangerous zone (half of the environment) were paired with an electric shock (or “bee sting”) to the hand; flowers picked in the safe zone were never paired with a shock. Participants also collected and returned neutral objects as a measure of spatial memory. Galvanic skin response (GSR) was measured throughout the task and anxiety was assessed via the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Participants were categorized as learners if they correctly identified the two zones after the task. Non-learners, compared to learners, performed significantly worse during the spatial memory task and demonstrated significantly higher state anxiety scores and GSR levels throughout the task. Learners showed higher skin conductance response (SCR) in the dangerous zone compared to the safe zone while non-learners showed no SCR differences between zones. These results indicate that state anxiety may impair spatial mapping, disrupting contextual threat learning.
Inter-rater disagreement in manual scoring of intensive care unit sleep data
Authors: Reinke Laurens , Heide Esther M. , Fonseca Pedro , Absalom Anthony R. , Tulleken Jaap E.
Published: April 2024

Objective: Severe sleep disruption is common among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, the applicability of standard sleep scoring guidelines by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) has been questioned, with most polysomnography (PSG) studies in critically ill patients reporting difficulties in setting up and processing and scoring the recordings. The present study explores human inter-rater agreement in sleep stage scoring following the AASM guidelines, within a heterogenous ICU patient cohort.
Results: Two human experts independently scored a total of 51,454 epochs in 20 PSG recordings acquired at the ICU. Epoch-per-epoch comparison of scored stages revealed a Cohen’s κ coefficient of agreement of 0.36 for standard 5-stage scoring. Highest agreement occurred in Wake (κ = 0.46), while REM showed the lowest (κ = 0.12). Significant correlations were found between inter-rater agreement, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II, r=-0.506, p=0.038), and 12-month mortality (r=-0.524, p=0.031).
Comparison with similar studies underscore challenges in applying AASM criteria to ICU patients. Despite accounting for artifacts, disparities persisted, emphasizing the need for a nuanced exploration of factors influencing scoring inconsistencies in critically ill patients.
Exploring the Impact of Volumetric Graphics on the Engagement of Broadcast Media Professionals
Authors: Young Gareth W. , Dinan Grace , Smolic Aljosa , Ondřej Jan , Pagés Rafael
Published: April 2024

Purpose:: The purpose of this study is to explore content creator preferences in broadcast media, with a specific focus on the impact of integrating 3D graphics to enhance viewer engagement.
Methods:: In this study, we investigated the integration of 3D technology in broadcasting. We examined the preferences of content creators and assessed the impact of 3D photo-real human representations on perceived production quality and viewer engagement. Data was collected through surveys, interviews, and real-time broadcast analysis to gain insights into this technology's potential benefits and challenges in broadcasting.
Results:: Our findings indicate that incorporating 3D photo-real human representations into broadcasting significantly improves production quality and viewer engagement, especially in real-time broadcasts. We also observed that 3D humans offer greater depth and presence, although challenges in fidelity and orientation highlight areas for technological advancement. Additionally, our study revealed the complementary nature of 2D and 3D visuals in broadcasting, with each modality serving distinct purposes—2D for clarity and information conveyance and 3D for immersive experiences.
Conclusion:: This research suggests a paradigm shift in broadcast content creation, where integrating 3D technologies, such as 3D photo-real human representations, can lead to more dynamic, engaging, and visually appealing content across various platforms. The study's findings provide explicit guidelines for content creation, catering to diverse viewer preferences and evolving consumption patterns. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how technological advancements in extended reality can effectively enhance the media landscape.
CRC genome-driven metabolic reprogramming and immune microenvironment remodeling
Authors: Xiong Yan , Xiong Weiqiang , Wang Yanhua , He Chuan , Zhan Yimei , Pan Lili , Luo Liangping , Song Rongfeng
Published: April 2024

Background
Colorectal cancer is a global digestive tract malignancy closely tied to microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI stems from DNA mismatch repair issues, categorized as MSI-High (MSI-H), MSI-Low (MSI-L), or Stable (MSS). Tailoring treatments based on MSI status is vital. MSI-H tumors, with high mutation and neoantigen loads, respond well to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, some MSI-H tumors display resistance due to complex factors like the tumor microenvironment, signaling pathways, immune cells, and checkpoint molecules.
Methods
Through the analysis of CRC genomic data, we identified the key genomic events that drive MSI. At the same time, through transcriptome analysis, we discovered the key genes.
Results
We performed a differential analysis between MSI-H and MSS/MSI-L and found that signaling pathways involved in lipid and hormone metabolism were significantly inhibited, including cholesterol homeostasis and hormone metabolism processes. At the same time, immune-related pathways were significantly activated. We identified genes associated with MSI-H, such as FAT4, BRAF, APC, and TTN, that were mutated at a higher frequency and number in MSI-H patients, thereby affecting tumor initiation, progression, and treatment response. These genes participate in different signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway, MAPK pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, etc.
Conclusion
This study reveals the presence of an active immune response in MSI-H tumors along with reduced levels of lipid metabolism and abnormal pathway phenotypes related to the proliferation and migration of Wnt/β-catenin and the MAPK pathway.
WITHDRAWN: Allen Type III Fingertip Amputation Injury: Conservative Management with Moist Wound Dressings (Case report)
Authors: Aldaer Adnan
Published: April 2024

April 3, 2024. Research Square has withdrawn this preprint due to overlap with {another author's published work}(https://amjcaserep.com/abstract/full/idArt/928950).
FEDRETAIL: A Framework for Distributed Retail Data Analysis and Learning Toward E-commerce 5.0
Authors: Chongder Sumit
Published: April 2024

Retail data analysis has been identified as a crucial component in the pursuit of E-commerce 5.0. The recent rapid development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionized retail data analysis by providing advanced technologies such as big data analysis and machine learning. However, the privacy of customers has become a significant concern, making retail institutions hesitant to share their customer data. This reluctance forms isolated data islands, hindering the realization of comprehensive retail data analysis. I propose a federated learning-based retail data analysis framework, FEDRETAIL, to address this challenge. This framework allows retail data analysis federations to be formed by several institutions. None of these institutions need to exchange their customer data with each other directly, and they always keep the data in their place to ensure their customers’ privacy. The FEDRETAIL framework is applied to analyze a retail dataset via different federated learning paradigms. The experimental results show that our framework not only guarantees the customers’ privacy but also effectively breaks the borders of data islands by achieving higher analysis quality. FEDRETAIL framework closely approaches the performance of centralized analysis, which requires data collection in a commonplace, posing a risk of privacy exposure. In conclusion, the FEDRETAIL framework presents a promising solution for privacy-preserving retail data analysis in the era of E-commerce 5.0, paving the way for more effective and secure data-driven decision-making in the retail industry.
Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia with Esketamine Improves Early Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Qiu Ling , Chen Xuhui , Jia Fu , Chen Xingqu , Wang Xiaobin
Published: April 2024

Objective
Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN) often exhibit depressive-like symptoms, significantly impacting their quality of life. Esketamine, known for its analgesic properties, has also been recognized for its rapid antidepressant effects. However, its efficacy in the treatment of PHN requires further exploration. This study aims to evaluate the impact of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with esketamine on depressive mood in PHN patients.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed PHN patients hospitalized and treated at the affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University from June 2021 to March 2023. Patients were divided into the esketamine group (E group) and the sufentanil group (S group) based on their treatment regimens. Primary outcomes included pain NRS, depression PHQ-9, and anxiety GAD-7 scores measured before treatment, and at 3 days, 7 days, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months post-treatment.
Results
A total of 83 patients were included in the analysis. Before treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in pain NRS, depression PHQ-9, and anxiety GAD-7 scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared to before treatment, significant reductions in pain NRS scores were observed at all post-treatment time points in both groups (P < 0.05), with no differences between groups (P > 0.05). The E group exhibited significantly lower depression PHQ-9 scores than the S group at 3 days and 7 days post-treatment (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months (P > 0.05). Anxiety GAD-7 scores were significantly lower in the E group compared to the S group at 3 days, 7 days, and 3 months post-treatment (P < 0.05), with no statistical differences at 1 month or 2 months post-treatment (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with esketamine not only alleviates pain in PHN patients but also improves early symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Acute and chronic effect of two different intensity interval training on hypertrophic and atrophic factors in healthy male wistar rats
Authors: Mogharnasi Mehdi , Ilbeigi Saeed , Mehr Payam Abbasian , Rezae Saeed
Published: April 2024

Background
In recent years, several peptides that have significant effects on the body's homeostasis and metabolism, particularly in skeletal muscles, have been discovered. These peptides include Myostatin, Follistatin, and Atrogin-1, which influence the growth of skeletal muscles and fat tissue, thus impacting overall body health. In the past years, few researches have compared the acute and chronic effects of exercise training on these factors. Also, the effect of exercise intensity on these factors is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this research is to compare the acute and chronic effect of intermittent exercise with different intensity on myostatin, follistatin and atrogin-1.
Method
The current research involves an experimental study in which healthy rats were divided into 6 groups. The rats underwent a chronic training period of 6 weeks, training 3 days per week with varying intensities. The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was conducted at 100% of maximal capacity, while the moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) was conducted at 70% of maximal capacity. Notably, rats from the acute groups were sacrificed immediately after one training session. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD method at p ≤ 0.05.
Result
The results of the study on gene expression in response to exercise show significant findings. In the chronic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group, there is a significant decrease in myostatin gene expression, while no significant change is observed in the acute training groups. Additionally, follistatin gene expression increases significantly in the exercise groups, with no significant change reported in the acute exercise groups. Furthermore, the study reveals a significant decrease in the expression of the atrogin-1 gene in both acute and chronic training groups compared to the control.
Conclusion
The present research suggests that more time is required for exercise to impact muscle hypertrophy, and acute exercise does not significantly affect myostatin and follistatin changes. However, both acute and chronic training lead to a notable decrease in the expression of the atrogin-1 gene, indicating that it is more sensitive to exercise than the myostatin and follistatin genes.
Criminal organizations exhibit hysteresis, resilience, and robustness by balancing security and efficiency
Authors: Elteren Casper van , Lees Mike , Vasconcelos Vítor V.
Published: April 2024

The interplay between (criminal) organizations and (law enforcement) disruption strategies is critical in criminology and social network analysis. Like legitimate businesses, criminal enterprises thrive by fulfilling specific demands and navigating their unique challenges, including balancing operational visibility and security. This study aims at comprehending criminal networks' internal dynamics, resilience to law enforcement interventions, and robustness to changes in external conditions. Using a model based on evolutionary game theory, we analyze these networks as collaborative assemblies of roles, considering expected costs, potential benefits, and the certainty of expected outcomes. Here, we show that criminal organizations exhibit strong hysteresis effects, with increased resilience and robustness once established, challenging the effectiveness of traditional law enforcement strategies focused on deterrence through increased punishment. The hysteresis effect defines optimal thresholds for the formation or dissolution of criminal organisation. Our findings indicate that interventions of similar magnitude can lead to vastly different outcomes depending on the existing state of criminality. This result suggests that the relationship between stricter punishment and its deterrent effect on organized crime is complex and sometimes non-linear. Furthermore, we demonstrate that network structure, specifically interconnectedness (link density) and assortativity of specialized skills, significantly influences the formation and stability of criminal organizations, underscoring the importance of considering social connections and the accessibility of roles in combating organized crime. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the systemic nature of criminal behavior from an evolutionary perspective and highlight the need for adaptive, strategic approaches in policy-making and law enforcement to disrupt criminal networks effectively.
Comparative study of five machine learning algorithms on prediction of the height of the water-conducting fractured zone in undersea mining
Authors: Wu Zhengyu , Luo Dayou
Published: April 2024

Prediction of water-conducting fractured zone (WCFZ) of mine overburden is the premise for reducing or eliminating water inrush hazards in undersea mining. This study constructs a WCFZ prediction dataset containing 122 cases of fractured zones. By introducing five machine learning algorithms, five predictive models for WCFZ considering multiple factors are established. The optimal parameters for each model are obtained through ten-fold cross-validation. The model's predictive performance was validated and assessed using two metrics, namely the coefficient of determination and mean squared error. A comparison was made with the regression performance of commonly used empirical formulas. The results indicate that the constructed model outperforms reliance solely on theoretical criteria. The proposed model was validated in a recently established mining area on Sanshan Island, China, demonstrating a high level of consistency with on-site conditions. This paves a path to leveraging machine learning algorithms for predicting the height of WCFZ.
Physical Activity, Psychopathologies, and Self-Injurious Behaviors in Youths: Which Type and How Much Is Sufficient?
Authors: Wang Huagen , Xu Shicun , Aku YIsheng , Ren Zhanbing , Chen Runsen
Published: April 2024

Background To investigate the protective effects of various exercise types against psychopathologies, including depression, anxiety, and non-suicidal selfinjury (NSSI), and to understand the dose-response relationship between exercise frequency and duration on these outcomes.
Methods The study evaluated mental health outcomes using various scales and diagnoses. Subsequently, logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between exercise types and psychopathologies, as well as self-injurious behaviors. Additionally, generalized additive models (GAM) were employed to explore the dose-response relationship between physical activity frequency and duration, and mental health outcomes, while controlling for sociodemographic factors.
Results Team ball exercise provided the most protection, followed by single anaerobic exercise, double swing exercise, single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, and single low-intensity aerobic exercise. Nonlinear associations were found between exercise frequency, duration, and mental health outcomes. Exercising three to four times a week for 90-120 minutes led to a lower probability of developing mental health disorders, while excessive exercise worsened outcomes.
Conclusion Participation in different types of exercise has varied effects on psychopathologies, as well as self-injurious behaviors, with team ball sports having the most positive impact. Optimal exercise intensity varies between exercise types; individuals should choose exercises that suit their mental health needs.
Exploring the Live-in Relationship in the Context of Changing Hindu Marriage Traditions: A Field Survey Analysis
Authors: Praveen Nisha
Published: April 2024

In past few years there has been a considerable increase in the number of non-marital living together couples. An increasing number of couples suggest that youth prefer a live-in relationship over marriage. Increase in the number of such couples has also given rise to various economic, social, religious and legal issues and continue to do so. At the legal and on the ground of ‘Hindu Marriage’, there is no specific law to regulate live-in relationships in India and the ‘Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 does not recognize such relationship. However, the protection of woman from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 recognises the right of women in a live-in relationship which is ‘in the nature of marriage’ to receive maintenance/alimony and protection against any form of abuse. Hence This study is an at attempt to collect a primary data and analyse the socio-legal position of live-in relationship and Hindu Marriage in India.
Utilizing Multivariate Clustering and Spatial Analysis for Selecting Suitable sites for Sustainable Wind Energy
Authors: Khalaf Oras Fadhil , Uçan Osman Nuri , Alsamarai Naseem Adnan
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on utilizing multivariate clustering and spatial analysis techniques to identify suitable sites for sustainable wind energy projects. It begins by highlighting Turkey's significant economic growth and its shift towards a more diversified and industrialized economy, emphasizing the importance of addressing the country's growing energy needs sustainably. With wind power generation experiencing unprecedented growth globally, particularly in Turkey, the study underscores the importance of optimizing wind energy location selection for efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and reduced environmental impact. The methodology involves collecting and preprocessing data on various factors influencing wind energy localization, including natural, socio-economic, and environmental criteria. These factors range from wind speed, slope, and elevation to proximity to urban areas, roads, airports, and protected areas. The study utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) to integrate and analyze these data layers, facilitating a comprehensive assessment of potential wind farm sites. Techniques used include the K-Means algorithm multivariate clustering algorithms, which group a group’s spatial data points based on similarities across multiple variables. This approach helps reduce the complexity of the analysis and identifies meaningful relationships among the criteria. Our research results indicate suitable and unsuitable areas for wind farm installation using a multivariate cluster classification algorithm, which classified sites into four groups (22% very suitable, 28% suitable, 15% less suitable, and 35% unsuitable) from the areas included in the study, excluding land uses where wind farms cannot be established according to pre-defined criteria. The research emphasizes the importance of GIS in visualizing and analyzing spatial data effectively, enabling informed decision-making in wind energy site selection. The framework proposed for identifying suitable locations for wind farms is put to the test through a case study in all Turkey areas, providing valuable insights into its practical utility and potential for broader use in similar contexts.
Transfusion safety: asymptomatic malaria in blood donors at Ebolawa Regional Hospital (South Cameroon)
Authors: ETOUNDI Soni Fabien , TANKOUA-TCHOUNDA Romeo , Leger Michel , ENAMA OFFONO , MAKEMGUE Louise Stéphanie , Tankoua-Tchounda Roméo
Published: April 2024

Malaria remains one of the main infectious risks associated with blood transfusions in endemic regions. However, studies on the prevalence of transfusion-associated malaria have not been well characterized in endemic areas. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of transmission of Plasmodium spp. among blood donors at the Ebolowa regional hospital. The study was conducted over a period from January 2, 2022, to June 30, 2022. Socio-demographic information and knowledge about malarias were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Blood collected in an EDTA tube was used for the rapid diagnostic test, the thick and the thin thin film smear. A total of 375 blood donors tested positive for malaria out of the 512 people sampled. Plasmodium falciparum was the only species identified. The prevalence of malaria in blood donors by gender was statistically higher in males (84.1%) than females (54.1%). The age groups 26 to 40, 41 to 50, and 61 and over were more likely to be infected with malaria, with a prevalence of 89%, 88%, and 84.3%, respectively. Malaria prevalence was higher among single (77.3%) than married (63.3%) blood donors. Blood donors who reported not sleeping under a mosquito net were more malaria-positive (83.61%) than those sleeping under a mosquito net (13.15%). The blood donors who tested positive for malaria were all asymptomatic. The information generated from this study could be used to improve and reinforce new awareness and education strategies, as well as diagnostic and prevention strategies for transfusion malaria.
Long COVID in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Controlled Cohort Study from Iran
Authors: Sarani Mohsen , Motamed Niloofar , Hatami Gisou , Namvar Akbar , Ravanipour Maryam
Published: April 2024

Background: After recovering from the acute phase of COVID-19, some of the infected children manifest long COVID symptoms. The present study aims to identify long COVID symptoms in children and adolescents admitted to hospitals in Bushehr, Iran, during 2021 to 2023, and compare them with the non-affected group.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 141 children and adolescents with COVID-19 and 141 non-affected peers. The data were collected using the data recorded in the patients’ records, conducting telephone interviews and completing the prevalent long COVID symptom form.
Results: The mean age of the hospitalized children with COVID-19 was 79±5.24 months old, 57.4% of whom were boys. Also, 46 individuals of the infected group (32.6%) manifested long COVID symptoms. The most prevalent symptoms included fatigue (54.3%), impaired attention or concentration (41.3%) and depression or anxiety symptoms (34.7%). Significant correlation was found between disease severity and muscle and joint pain (P=0.025) as well as between length of hospital stay and cough (P=0.022), weight loss (P=0.047) and depression or anxiety symptoms (P=0.008). Older age [(6-11 y; OR=3.18, CI=1.03-9.88); (12≥ y; OR= 4.57, CI=1.40-14.96)] and having history of smoking or being exposed to secondhand smoke (OR= 12.45, CI= 3.14-49.36) were considered as risk factors for long COVID.
Conclusions: Informing the public about smoking or being exposed to smoke as risk factors for long COVID, in addition to its other hazards, is of particular importance. Informing the healthcare staff and general public about the most prevalent symptoms of long COVID could be effective in timely diagnosis and treatment as well as reducing families’ stress burden.
Detection of vacant parking space in adverse weather Based on Improved YOLO Network Model
Authors: Ahad Abdul , Kidwai Farha
Published: April 2024

The increasing urban population in Delhi has exacerbated the prevailing parking challenges, and traffic congestion. In response, governmental efforts to implement "Smart Parking" initiatives have been initiated; however, existing solutions encounter constraints. This paper presents a pioneering Optimal Parking Allocation Model (OPSAM) leveraging the YOLO (You Only Look Once) detection algorithm to revolutionize parking management in Delhi. OPSAM signifies a paradigmatic shift from driver-side parking search to system-side allocation, thereby optimizing parking space allocation. Benefiting from YOLO's rapid detection speed and suitability for real-time object detection, this study employs the YOLO v3 network for vehicle and the occupancy status of parking space detection in parking lots. Experimental findings demonstrate the method's efficacy in enhancing vehicle and parking space detection accuracy while mitigating neglected detection rates.
Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus cereus co-bacterial agent promotes ginseng resistance to diseases and improves yield, quality and pesticide degradation through regulating rhizosphere microbial community structure and potential function
Authors: Li Xinyue , Liu Qun , Gao Yugang , Zang Pu , Zheng Tong
Published: April 2024

Background: The ginseng endophyte Paenibacillus polymyxa Pp-7250 (Pp-7250) have multifaceted roles such as preventing ginseng diseases, promoting growth, increasing ginsenoside accumulation and degrading pesticide residues, these effects still room for improvements. Composite fungicide is an effective means to improve the biocontrol effect of fungicide, but the effect of Pp-7250 in combination with its symbiotic bacteria on ginseng needs to be further researched, and its mechanism of action still remains to be elucidated. In order to elucidate the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus cereus co-bacterial agent on the yield and quality of understory ginseng, as well as to investigate its mechanism of action. Firstly, the effects of Bacillus cereus (BS), Paenibacillus polymyxa Pp-7250(PS) and Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus cereus co-bacterial agent (PB) treatments on ginseng yield, ginsenoside content, disease prevention and pesticide degradation rate were evaluated by field experiments. Secondly, differences in microbial communities in ginseng rhizosphere soils with different treatments were analyzed using high‐throughput amplicon sequencing. Finally, correlation analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism of action of PB co-bacterial agent in improving the yield and quality of ginseng.
Results: The results indicate that PB treatment improved ginseng yield, ginsenoside accumulation, disease prevention and pesticide degradation. The mechanism is that PB treatment increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms Rhodanobacter, Pseudolabrys, Gemmatimonas, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Cortinarius, Russula, Paecilomyces, Trechisporaincreased and decreased the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms Ellin6067, Acidibacter, Fusarium, Tetracladium, Alternaria, and Ilyonectria in ginseng rhizosphere soil. PB co-bacterial agent enhanced the function of microbial metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of antibiotics, biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, DNA replication, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and decreased the function of microbial plant pathogen and animal pathogen. This study provided a theoretical reference for indepth research on improving the yield and quality of ginseng.
Conclusion: The combined agent of Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus cereus may be a potential biocontrol agent to promote the resistance of ginseng to disease, improve the yield, quality and pesticide degradation.