bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Person organization with a memory set: are spontaneous trait inferences personality characterizations or behaviour labels?
Authors: Moskowitz Gordon B.
Published: June 2007

Recent research on impression formation has demonstrated that perceivers can categorize the action of target actors in terms of the traits that those behaviours represent, and that they do so in a spontaneous fashion, with neither the intent of categorizing nor the awareness of categorizing. This has resulted in a discussion about what these inferences refer to. Are they simple summaries of the behaviour without implications for the personalities of the people enacting those behaviours, or are they inferences about the target's disposition? The current experiment uses a procedure from the person memory literature to establish that these inferences are in fact references to the qualities of the target actors. Set size effects demonstrate that perceivers are organizing their inferred traits in person nodes; the person serves as the superordinate cue to which inferences are attached. This not only provides evidence that inferences formed spontaneously refer to the personality characteristics of the target, but also provides the first evidence of person organization under simple instructions to memorize stimulus information. The implications of the richness of the target information for spontaneously forming person inferences and for person organization in general are discussed.
Do extraverts ‚like to laugh’︁?: An analysis of the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire (SHRQ)
Authors: Ruch Willibald , Deckers Lambert
Published: June 2007

This study was an attempt to determine whether the degree of laughing in a variety of situations is related to Extraversion. In order to measure smiling and laughing, the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire (SHRQ) (Martin and Lefcourt, 1984) was given to 165 German university students and non‐students and to 118 American university students. Extraversion and also Psychoticism, Neuroticism, and Social Desirability were measured by the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ‐R; Eysenck, Eysenck and Barrett, 1985). SHRQ scores correlated 0.52 and 0.36 with Extraversion, 0.26 and 0.26 with Psychoticism, and negligibly with Neuroticism in the German and American samples, respectively. The positive correlations between Extraversion and laughing propensity were interpreted as confirming the hypothesis that the ‚tendency to laugh’︁ is a characteristic of extraverts. This tendency generalizes across situations and is not just limited to humorous ones. The SHRQ items correlating significantly with Psychoticism were interpreted as reflecting different evaluations of these particular situations by high and low P scorers rather than as determining a general tendency to laugh.
Factorial validity of the 20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Authors: Parker James D. A. , Michael Bagby R. , Taylor Graeme J. , Endler Norman S. , Schmitz Paul
Published: June 2007

The 20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20) was developed in previous research to measure a general dimension of alexithymia with three inter correlated factors. These three factors reflect distinct facets of the alexithymia construct: (1) difficulty identifying feelings and distinguishing them from the bodily sensations of emotion, (2) difficulty describing feelings to others, and (3) an externally orientated style of thinking. This study tested the three‐factor model for the TAS‐20, using confirmatory factor analysis, in separate samples of young adults from Germany, Canada, and the United States. The previously established three‐factor model was found to be replicable in all three samples. In addition, the full TAS‐20 and its three factors demonstrated adequate internal reliability in all three samples. Although evaluation of the convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of the TAS‐20 is required in diverse cultural groups, the present results provide evidence for the factorial validity and internal reliability of the TAS‐20.
Coping under experimental threat: Observable and cognitive correlates of dispositional monitoring and blunting
Authors: Van Zuuren Florence J. , Muris Peter
Published: June 2007

In order to investigate the relation between dispositional coping style and actual coping behaviour under threat, 53 undergraduate psychology students anticipated a mild stressor (bloody slides) in Part I of the experiment. Observable behaviour turned out to be unrelated to dispositional monitoring and blunting as measured by the Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS; Miller, 1987) and the Threatening Medical Situations Inventory (TMSI; van Zuuren and Hanewald, 1993). However, when cognitions were also taken into account, some significant correlations emerged with the MBSS as well as with the TMSI. In Part II (N = 40), intrusive thinking after exposure to the experimental stressor was related to dispositional coping style. High monitors, as compared with low monitors (moderate monitors excluded) were found to elaborate the stressful experience in a more diffuse and extended way.
The five‐factor personality model in applied settings
Authors: Montag Itzhak , Levin Joseph
Published: June 2007

Two studies of the Revised NEO‐Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) conducted on two different applicant samples (one consisting of 539 female subjects and the other consisting of 396 male subjects) are reported. Factor analysis of the female sample yielded a five‐factor solution, highly congruent with the factors presented by Costa, McCrae and Dye (1991). Results of the male data were less clear‐cut, yielding four to five factors which were moderately congruent with the American data. The combined male and female sample showed again high congruence coefficients. Various minor deviations in the location of the facet variables are discussed.
At‐risk children's causal inferences given emotional feedback and their understanding of the excuse‐giving process
Authors: Caprara Gian Vittorio , Pastorelli Concetta , Weiner Bernard
Published: June 2007

Italian male school children, ranging in age from 7 to 10 years, were identified as at‐risk children on the basis of self‐reports, teacher questionnaires, and peer nominations assessing aggression, emotional instability, and pro‐social behaviour. Together with a normal control sample, these children participated in two studies guided by attribtional theory. In Study 1, following teacher emotional feedback of anger or sympathy for failure, attributional inferences regarding low ability or lack of effort as the cause of that failure were rated. In Study 2, controllable and uncontrollable causes of a social transgression were given, and participants rated the anticipated anger of the ‘victim’ and their intention to withhold or reveal the cause. Strong effects for both populations that were consistent with attributional predictions were reported. In addition, differences between the inferences, expectations, and behavioural intentions of the populations were found, with at‐risk children being less likely to perceive sympathy as a cue for low ability, and anticipating more anger from others following a transgression, particularly when there was a ‘good’ (i.e. uncontrollable) reason for the broken social agreement. It was contended that the results support the social‐cognitive approach to the understanding of mechanisms of risk and deviancy.
The effect on mundane decision‐making of the need and ability to achieve cognitive structure
Authors: Bar‐Tal Yoram
Published: June 2007

It is proposed that coping with conflictual decision‐making can be viewed as a special case of coping with uncertainty. It is further suggested that two factors determine coping with uncertainty: (1) the individuals‘ need for cognitive structure (NCS), and (2) the individuals’ ability to achieve cognitive structure (AACS). This paper demonstrates that the interaction between AACS and NCS may explain subjects' reaction to decisional conflict. The results show that high‐NCS and low‐AACS individuals experienced the greatest difficulties in their decision‐making and showed a positive correlation between the extent to which they perceived the conflict in the situation and the amount of time that they spent making the decision. In contrast, high‐AACS and high‐NCS subjects showed a negative correlation between these factors. In addition, these subjects experienced the least difficulty in the situation.
The Act Frequency Approach to the study of impulsivity
Authors: Romero, M. Estrella , Luengo, M. Angeles , Carrillo‐De‐La‐Peña Teresa , Otero‐López José M.
Published: June 2007

Though widely used in research on personality, the impulsivity construct is far from being well defined. Different ways of measuring and operationalizing this construct have led to contradictory empirical results. Nor is it clear where impulsivity belongs in multidimensional personality models. For instance, in Eysenck's original scheme it is treated as a component of extroversion, whereas in Costa and McCrae's (1992) NEO model it is a facet of the neuroticism dimension. In this study, we used Buss and Craik's Act Frequency Approach to investigate the components of impulsivity and its relationships (at both internal and manifested structure levels) with extroversion and neuroticism. A set of acts was identified, the frequency of commission of which correlated with other measures of impulsivity (especially its motor and cognitive aspects), and correlated better with neuroticism than with extroversion.
War and children's aggressive and prosocial behaviour
Authors: Raboteg‐šaric Zora , Žužul Miomir , Keresteš Gordana
Published: June 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and how, extreme environmental influence, such as a war situation, can affect the development of children's aggressive and prosocial behaviour. A combined longitudinal–cross‐sectional design was used in the study. Subjects were preschool children whose behaviour was rated on the Children's Aggressive and Prosocial Behaviour Rating Scale (Žužul, Keresteš and Vlahović‐štetić, 1990) by their teachers. At the beginning of 1991 (before the war in Croatia started) the behaviour of two groups of children (one five years old and one six years old) was assessed. One year later, the younger group was assessed again. Another group of five‐year‐old children was also included and rated at the same time. Data were analysed according to age, sex and the time of measurements. The analyses of longitudinal data and cross‐sectional comparisons support the conclusion that the war had a strong impact on the development of prosocial behaviour. In this period, children's prosocial behaviour had increased, while aggressive behaviour had not changed. Results are discussed in terms of developmental changes and the effects of war on children's behaviour.
Lecture‐driven instruction
Authors: Bullock Donald
Published: June 2007

INSTRUCTION, LECTURE‐DRIVEN–a form of instruction in which the major activity is that of a seated or standing or walking around or even rolling around instructor talking to a group of students; may include occasionally any of the following–answering/asking questions, commenting on student's answers to questions, writing on chalkboard/easel pad, displaying a visual (e. g., slide, transparency), demonstrating a procedure while pointing out its main features, or doing the same for equipment or job aids or refereence material, and so on.
Synthesis of well‐defined glycidyl methacrylate based block copolymers with self‐activation and self‐initiation behaviors via ambient temperature atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Jiang Ping , Shi Yi , Liu Pengsheng , Cai Yuanli
Published: June 2007

Well‐defined glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) based di‐ and triblock copolymers, with self‐activation and self‐initiation behaviors by incorporation of 2‐(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DEA) blocks, were synthesized via ambient temperature atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The stability of the GMA pendant oxirane rings in tertiary amine environments at ambient temperature was investigated. More importantly, both self‐activation behavior in oxirane ring opening addition reaction and self‐initiation behavior in post‐cure oxirane ring opening crosslinking of these block copolymers were evidenced by 1H NMR studies. The results demonstrated that the reactivity of pendent oxirane rings was strongly dependant on the nucleophilicity and steric hindrance of tertiary amine moieties and temperature. This facilitated the synthesis of well‐defined block copolymers of GMA and DEA via sequential monomer addition ATRP, particularly for polymerization of GMA monomer at ambient temperature. Moreover, these one‐component GMA based block polymers have novel self‐activation and self‐initiation properties, rendering some potential applications in both enzyme immobilization and GMA‐based thermosetting materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2947–2958, 2007
Hyperbranched poly(ether–urea)s using AB2‐type blocked isocyanate monomer and azide monomer: Synthesis, characterization, reactive end functionalization, and copolymerization with AB monomer
Authors: Vanjinathan Mahalingam , Raghavan A. , Sultan Nasar A.
Published: June 2007

3,5‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl phenylcarbamate—a novel AB2‐type blocked isocyanate monomer and 3,5‐bis{ethyleneoxy(4‐aminophenoxy)}phenyl carbonyl azide—a novel AB2‐type azide monomer were synthesized in high yield. Step‐growth polymerization of these monomers were found to give a first example of hyperbranched poly (aryl‐ether‐urea) and poly(aryl‐alkyl‐ether‐urea). Molecular weights (Mw) of the polymer were found to vary from 1,858 to 52,432 depending upon the monomer and experimental conditions used. The polydispersity indexes were relatively narrow due to the controlled regeneration of isocyanate functional groups for the polymerization reaction. The degree of branching (DB) was determined using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and the values ranged from 87 to 54%. All the polymers underwent two‐stage decomposition and were stable up to 300 °C. Functionalized end‐capping of poly(aryl‐ether‐urea) using phenylchloroformate and di‐t‐butyl dicarbonate (Boc)2O changed the thermal properties and solubility of the polymers. Copolymerization of AB2‐type blocked isocyante monomer with functionally similar AB monomer were also carried out. The molecular weights of copolymers were found to be in the order of 6 × 105 with narrow dispersity. It was found that the Tg's of poly(aryl‐alkyl‐ether‐urea)s were significantly less (46–49 °C) compared to poly(aryl‐ether‐urea)s. Moreover the former showed melting transition at 154 °C, which was not observed in the latter case. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2959–2977, 2007
Synthesis of self‐photosensitizing polyesters containing donor–acceptor norbornadiene moieties and benzophenone groups and their photochemical reactions
Authors: Ono Yoshitomo , Kawashima Naoyuki , Kudo Hiroto , Nishikubo Tadatomi , Nagai Takabumi
Published: June 2007

The ring‐opening copolymerization of a glycidyl ester derivative having a benzophenone group and the donor–acceptor norbornadiene (D‐A NBD) dicarboxylic acid, 5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,4,6,7,7‐pentamethyl‐2,5‐norbornadiene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, monoglycidyl ester derivatives with D‐A NBD dicarboxylic anhydride using tetraphenylphosphonium bromide as a catalyst proceeded smoothly to give novel self‐photosensitizing NBD polymers in good yields. The molecular weight of these polyesters was about 4,000, and lower than that of analogous NBD polymers having no benzophenone group. All the synthesized NBD polymers isomerized smoothly to the corresponding quadricyclane (QC) polymers upon UV irradiation in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution and in the film state. The rate of the photoisomerization of the D‐A NBD moieties in these polymers was higher than that of the D‐A NBD moieties in the polymer having no photosensitizing group. Furthermore, the rate of the photoisomerization of the D‐A NBD moieties in these polymers was also higher than that of the NBD polymer with low molecular weight photosensitizer in dilute solution. The photo‐irradiated polymers having QC moieties released thermal energies of 146–180 J/g. The D‐A NBD moieties contained in these NBD polymers possessed fair to good fatigue resistance. The degradation of the NBD moieties in these polymers was 15–30% after 50 repeated cycles of interconversion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2978–2988, 2007
Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of new norbornene‐based monomers containing various chromophores
Authors: Liaw Der‐Jang , Wang Kun‐Li , Lee Kueir‐Rarn , Lai Juin‐Yih
Published: June 2007

Pure exo‐functional norbornene monomers containing various chromophores such as fluorene, pyrene, and carbazole were successfully prepared via the Diels–Alder reaction and condensation reaction. The living ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a fluorene‐containing monomer, exo‐2‐(fluorene‐9‐ylcarboxymethyl)norborn‐5‐ene (exo‐1), was observed and confirmed by the formation of a diblock copolymer and a linear relationship between the number‐average molecular weight and [M]/[I] ratios ([M] = monomer concentration; [I] = initiator concentration). The synthesis and characteristics of novel fluorene‐containing polymers based on pure exo‐1 are reported with Grubbs catalyst I {RuCl2(CHPh)[P(C6H11)3]2} with a high molecular weight of 3.18 × 104 in 90 s ([M]/[I] = 100). However, the ROMP of pyrene‐ and carbazole‐containing monomers [exo‐5‐(pyrene methoxy carbonyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene and exo‐5‐(carbazole ethoxy carbonyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene, respectively] were carried out in a nonliving fashion. All the chromophore‐containing polymers showed excellent solubility in various organic solvents, particularly in chloroform, N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, and 1,2‐dichlorobenzene. The glass transition temperatures of polynorbornenes containing various chromophores were determined to be 80–109 °C (by differential scanning calorimetry) higher than that of ring‐opened polynorbornene (glass transition temperature = 35 °C), indicating that the incorporation of the pendant aromatic moieties (e.g., fluorene, pyrene, and carbazole) could enhance the transition temperature for segmental motions of polymer chains. The photoluminescence spectra of all polymer solutions showed a strong emission in the blue region of the visible spectra. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3022–3031, 2007
Semiochemicals for biting fly control: their identification and exploitation
Authors: Logan James G , Birkett Michael A
Published: June 2007

Insects that feed on the blood of vertebrates are difficult to control, and many previous efforts have been unsuccessful. This is becoming an ever increasing issue, not only in developing countries, but also in developed countries, as exemplified by the recent spread of West Nile virus by mosquitoes across the USA and recent dengue outbreaks in Singapore and Australia. Investigating the ways in which biting insects interact with each other, their environment and their hosts is providing valuable knowledge that will lead to the development of improved control technologies. For instance, recent advances in chemical ecology research have led to the identification of new semiochemicals that show great potential as control agents against biting insects. Exciting new chemical ecology tools and control technologies for the future are discussed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of interfaces and the modulation doping technique on the magneto‐transport properties of HgTe based quantum wells
Authors: Becker C. R. , Brüne C. , Schäfer M. , Roth A. , Buhmann H. , Molenkamp L. W.
Published: June 2007

The influence of interfaces in the structure of HgTe based quantum wells (QW's), their structure as well as the necessary technological processes on their transport properties have been investigated and either reduced or optimized. The mobility (μ) of the 2‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) has been shown to increase when the separation of the 2DEG from the ionized donors is increased, and when the separation of the QW structure from both the insulator on top and the CdTe buffer interface is increased. Furthermore, replacing wet chemical etching in the Hall bar photolithography procedure with a dry plasma etch process resulted in a 2.5 fold increase in the μ. Values for μ up to 0.7 × 106 cm2/(Vs) at 4.2 K have been reproducibly achieved. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of chemical bonding in electronic excited states using parity function
Authors: Kadantsev Eugene S. , Schmider Hartmut L.
Published: June 2007

The parity function (Schmider, J Chem Phys 1996, 105, 11134) is a projection of the spin‐traced one‐particle density matrix, which is strongly influenced by chemical bonding and its type. In this article, we apply the Parity Function to analyze chemical bonding in the electronic excited states of some small molecules, computed with the time‐dependent density functional theory. The calculations were carried out within the standard linear combination of atomic orbitals framework. We found that the changes in the parity function upon the excitation can be interpreted in terms of chemically relevant concepts such as bond breaking. We hope that the parity function will become a useful tool for understanding electronic excited states. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Untersuchungen zur Drehbettung von biegedrillknickgefährdeten Trägern durch Sandwichelemente
Authors: Dürr Markus , Podleschny Ralf , Saal Helmut
Published: June 2007

Experimentelle Untersuchungen und parametrische Berechnungen mit einem Finite‐Element‐Modell zeigen, dass die drehstabilisierende Wirkung von Sandwichelementen auf biegedrillknickgefährdete Träger durch eine trilineare Momenten‐Verdrehungsbeziehung erfasst werden kann. Für die Berechnung der Para‐meter zur Darstellung dieser Beziehung werden für unterschiedliche Profiltypen und Sandwichelemente für Dach und Wand Formeln angegeben. Aus der Momenten‐Verdrehungsbeziehung lässt sich in Abhängigkeit von der Pfettenauflast die Anschlusssteifigkeit cϑA als Sekantensteifigkeit ablesen. Damit kann entsprechend DIN 18800 Teil 2 die für den Nachweis der Biegedrillknicksicherheit benötigte Drehfedersteifigkeit cϑ bestimmt werden. Die bisher auf lediglich zwei Elementtypen beschränkten Kenntnisse von Anschlusssteifigkeiten für Sandwichelemente werden durch dieses Verfahren auf die üblichen Varianten von Sandwichelementen und Bauausführungen erweitert.
Starr verankerte dünnwandige windbelastete Kreiszylinderschalen mit Dachscheibe
Authors: Gehrig Hans
Published: June 2007

Aufgrund der Neufassung der Windlastnorm DIN 1055‐4 wurde eine Überarbeitung des in dieser Zeitschrift vom Verfasser veröffentlichten Aufsatzes [1] über windbelastete Zylinder erforderlich. Im Zuge dieser Überarbeitung werden die Schnittkrafttabellen für starre Verankerung sowohl für schlanke bis mittelschlanke als auch für stark gedrungene Behälter (Flachbodentanks) angegeben. Der Einfluss einer elastischen Zugverankerung wird exemplarisch untersucht.
Erfahrungen mit der neuen DIN 1055‐4 im Stahlschornsteinbau
Authors: Hovestädt Laurenz
Published: June 2007

Der Aufsatz fasst die ersten Erfahrungen des Autors mit der neuen Windlastnorm DIN 1055‐4 im Stahlschornsteinbau zusammen. Er vergleicht die Ermittlung der Bölastprofile nach DIN 1055‐4 mit der nach der bisher für Stahlschornsteine gültigen DIN 4133 Anhang A. Zudem werden einige Vorschläge gemacht, die dem Praktiker Vereinfachungen in der Anwendung der Norm bieten können.
Bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl transition metal complexes: synthesis, asymmetric catalysis, and coordination chemistry
Authors: Nishiyama Hisao , Ito Jun‐Ichi
Published: June 2007

Molecular catalysts for organic synthesis should be constructed to be tailored to target reactions and their desirable conditions. In our search for them, we have studied new types of transition metal molecular catalysts dressed with a tridentate N,C,N modular ligand, which consists of a C2‐symmetric side‐by‐side phenyl group with chiral bis(oxazolinyl) substituents. The ligand, 2,6‐bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl abbreviated as Phebox, can connect covalently to transition metals by the central carbon atom. Here, we review our recent work on the chemistry of Phebox and its metal complexes, including preparation, structural analysis, asymmetric Lewis acid catalysis, asymmetric hydrosilylation, asymmetric conjugate reduction, asymmetric reductive aldol reaction, and organometallic reactions. © 2007 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 7: 159–166; 2007: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20114
Characterisation of lubricants on ball bearings by FT‐IR using an integrating sphere
Authors: Street K.W. , Pepper S.V. , Wright A.A. , Grady B.
Published: June 2007

Fourier transform‐infrared reflectance microspectroscopy has been used extensively for the examination of coatings on non‐planar surfaces such as ball bearings. While this technique offers considerable advantages, practical application has many drawbacks, some of which are easily overcome by the use of integrating sphere technology. This paper described the use of an integrating sphere for the quantification of thin layers of lubricant on the surface of ball bearings and the parameters that require optimisation in order to obtain reliable data. Several applications of the technique were discussed including determination of lubricant load on 12.7mm steel ball bearings and the examination of degraded lubricant on post‐mortem specimens. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eine nichtlineare Differenzengleichung und der Einfluß von Verfahrens‐ und Rundungsfehlern bei digitalen Integrieranlagen
Authors: Lange O.
Published: June 2007

Digitale Integrieranlagen verursachen sowohl Verfahrens‐ als auch Rundungsfehler. Es wird anhand der Lösung einer nichtlinearen Differenzengleichung gezeigt, daß der Rundungsfehler dominiert und somit Verfahren höherer Ordnung als Integrationsvorschrift für digitale Integrieranlagen wenig sinnvoll sind.
Zum Maximumprinzip bei Randsteuerproblemen der eindimensionalen Wärmeleitungsgleichung
Authors: Unger F.
Published: June 2007

Es werden gewisse Klassen von Randsteuerproblemen bei der eindimensionalen Wärmeleitungsgleichung für Platte, Kugel und Zylinder auf Steuerprobleme bei Hammersteinschen Integralgleichungen zurückgeführt und aus dem Maximumprinzip für diese Steuerprobleme Maximumprinzipe für die Randsteuerprobleme hergeleitet.
Steady Laminar Flow of a Non‐Newtonian Fluid with Suction or Injection and Heat Transfer through Porous Parallel Discs
Authors: Sacheti N. C. , Bhatt B. S.
Published: June 2007

The problem of heat transfer in the steady flow of an incompressible second order fluid between infinite circular porous discs has been investigated when the flow is entirely due to either suction or injection through, the discs. Taking the suction or injection parameter to be small, the equations of momentum and energy have been solved using the perturbation technique. The temperature distribution has been shown graphically in various cases and compared with the Newtonian fluid. It isinteresting to observe that the temperature in case of the second order fluid is more than that of Newtonian fluid when there is equal suction at the discs (which is in conformity with the observation of Bhatnagar [6]), while this phenomenon is reversed in the case of being equal injection at the discs. Nusselt's number of both the discs has also been obtained.
Some Pointwise Estimates Concerning Solutions of Some Partial Differential Equations of Elliptic Type of Second Order with Physical Applications
Authors: Komkov Vadim , Walker Billy
Published: June 2007

Unter Benutzung von Ungleichungen, die auf modifizierten Lagrangeschen Integralen basieren, erhält man verschiedene Abschätzungen für Lösungen partieller Differentialgleichungen vom Typmagnified imageMit x ε Ω, wobei Ω ein präkompaktes offenes Gebiet im R2 darstellt, dessen Rand durch eine einfache Kurve gegeben ist, mit ai(x) ≧ 0 und d(x) nicht überall negativ in Ω.
Über Gâteaux‐Differenzierbarkeit der Minimum‐Funktion
Authors: Dugošija Djordje P. , Hartung Joachim G.
Published: June 2007

Es werden einige Bedingungen angegeben, unter denen die Funktion v(y) = min ƒ(x, y) von rechts Gâteaux‐differenzierbar ist. Betrachtet man y als Störungsparameter, so bedeutet das Diff‐Stabilität eines Programmes. Dies führt dann zu notwendigen und bei konkavem v auch hinreichenden Bedingungen für ein Extremum bei max‐min‐Aufgaben, als auch zu einer Verallgemeinerung der Regularisierungs‐ bzw. Penalty‐Methode.
Heat Transfer in Rectangular Ducts with Fins from Opposite Walls
Authors: Aggarwala B. D. , Gangal M. K.
Published: June 2007

The paper deals with the heat transfer performance of an internally finned rectangular duct in the case of combined free and forced convection by fully developed laminar flow of a single phase fluid with or without heat generation. It is found that continuous straight fins of rather large fin length give the best heat transfer performance.
On a Class of Linear Systems with Random Coefficients
Authors: Gopalsamy K.
Published: June 2007

Mean‐square stability of randomly perturbed linear systems is considered. Instead of considering partial differential equations, abstract differential equations are studied. Using the perturbation theory of a semi‐group of operators, sufficient conditions on the perturbing random coefficient are obtained so that the mean‐square deviation of the perturbed system response from that of the unperturbed will remain small. A probability bound is obtained for the perturbed system to be asymptotically stable.
Alternative Approaches to the Asymptotic Solution of ε▽2u  ∂u/∂y, θ < ε ≪ 1, over a Rectangle
Authors: Temperley D. J.
Published: June 2007

In the asymptotic solution of the title equation with prescribed boundary data over a rectangle 0 ≦ x ≦ ≦ ι, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1 the solution in the parabolic boundary‐layers on the side walls x = 0, l may be obtained to all orders without explicit reference to the boundary‐layers at the corners of the rectangle. Three possible methods of deriving such a solution are outlined and contrasted with the approach of Cook, Ludford and Walker [1]. The techniques described in Temperley and Todd [2] are shown to be applicable to the solution of the title problem over all parts of the rectangle. Some comments on the analogous MHD duct problem conclude the discussion.
On Wind‐Driven Currents in an Ocean with Bottom Friction
Authors: Debnath L.
Published: June 2007

This paper presents an investigation of the long period response of an unbounded ß‐plane ocean with bottom friction to initial disturbances of wind stress applied at the surface. An analysis is carried out for determining the free and forced barotropic motions generated by stationary or traveling atmospheric winds. The stationary phase approximation is employed to calculate the asymptotic solution which describes the ultimate feature of the oceanic motion. It is shown that the concentrated initial disturbance ultimately produces two systems of waves‐transverse and longitudinal wave systems which are radically modified by the bottom friction. In contrast to the solution in an ocean model without bottom friction, the amplitude of the transverse and the longitudinal waves decay exponentially as time t → ∞. The barotropic motion produced by several physically realistic atmospheric wind distributions is also investigated. The main object of this preliminary study is to consider the simplest possible ocean model with linearized bottom friction for an understanding of its influence on the wind‐induced ocean currents so that this study can be used as a guide for the investigation of the non‐linear frictional model with or without viscous effect. The physical significance of the mathematical results of this analysis is discussed.
Große elastische Verformungen am ebenen Keil
Authors: Vocke W.
Published: June 2007

Die Ermittlung großer elastischer Verformungen wird erleichtert, wenn man die Gleichgewichtsbedingungen auf den Endzustand der Verformung bezieht. Für das Beispiel des ebenen Keiles mit Spitzenlast wird die Kompatibilitätsbedingung bis zu Zweifachprodukten entwickelt. Nach Transformation in Polarkoordinaten wird die nichtlineare Differentialgleichung der Spannungsfunktion iterativ gelöst, indem man den linearen Teil (Bipotentialgleichung) als nullte Iterationsstufe bezeichnet und deren bekannte Lösung in den nichtlinearen Teil einsetzt usw. Die Auswertung zeigt, daß die Radialspannung in der Nähe der Symmetrieachse größer als im linearen Fall ist (bei Zug), die Tangentialspannung σφ im Rahmen der zweiten Näherung Null ergibt und eine kleine Komponente τrφ vorhanden ist.
Closed Formulae for Aerodynamic Coefficients of Arbitrary Biplane Wing Sections
Authors: Prosnak W. J. , Klonowska M. E.
Published: June 2007

Aerodynamic coefficients of an arbitrary biplane wing section as well as of each the profiles regarded separately but in hydrodynamic interaction with the remaining one, are considered in the paper. In both cases formulae for the coefficients are derived, analogous to those stemming from the Joukowski theory and concerning the single profile. All of them depend in an explicite manner on the incidence angle, and contain some constants, representing exclusively the geometry of the section.

The constants referring to the aerodynamic force and moment acting on the whole biplane wing section are given as simple algebraic formulae, in terms of the appropriate mapping function.

The constants referring to the aerodynamic force and moment acting on just one profile of the section are also given in closed form: by means of appropriate integrals, which must be, however, evaluated numerically, and do not reduce to simple algebraic expressions.
Boundary Layer Growth on a Spinning Sphere
Authors: Zapryanov Z.
Published: June 2007

The investigation covers the formation and the initial stage of development of a non‐stationary boundary layer around a sphere which initiate screw motion from rest with a velocity varying as some power of time. The problem has been solved on the basis of the Navier‐Stokes equations by the method of matched asymptotic expansions.
Solution of Degnerate Linear Initial Value Problems
Authors: Berg L.
Published: June 2007

There are investigated degenerate linear operator equations with respect to their solubility. Given suitable initial values necessary and sufficient conditions for uniqueness are set up, and the solution is constructed explicitly. The case that the coefficients are matrices is treated in detail. An important tool is the notion of the relative inverse operator. The paper continues results due to M. Tasche, which are essentially connected with the notions of (generalized) ascent and decent.
An Algorithm for Linear Fractional Functionals Programming Problems
Authors: Rani Oma , Shivpuri Saroj
Published: June 2007

In this paper an algorithm is given for solving linear fractional functionals programming problems. This method permits to replace in each iteration several basic variables by an equal number of non‐basic ones so as to obtain a new basic feasible solution with the new value of the objective function which is, at least, as good as the old one. To initiate the algorithm, we start with a basic feasible solution. The method of determining a new basic feasible solution, in each iteration, requires the optimum solution of some auxiliary linear fractional functionals program.
Solution of the Three Dimensional Scalar Helmholtz Equation by a Finite Element Formulation
Authors: Gass N.
Published: June 2007

A finite element formulation for solving the scalar three dimensional Helmholtz, Poisson and Laplace equations, for symmetric as well as unsymmetric cases, is developed. The governing finite element equations are valid in any orthogonal flat or curvilinear coordinate system. By specifying the metric of a particular problem all equations will be put automatically in the proper coordinate system.
Das Randstörungsproblem der dicken Kalottenschale
Authors: Linder F.
Published: June 2007

Ausgehend von den Beziehungen der räumlichen linearen Elastizitätstheorie werden allgemeine analytische Lösungen des Spannungs‐ Verformungsfeldes in Kugelkoordinaten angegeben. Diese Lösungen gestatten die Darstellung von homogenen Oberflächenbedingungen an Kugeln und Kugelschalen.
Hypo‐Elasticity with Internal Variables and Derived Failure Condition
Authors: Tokuoka T.
Published: June 2007

A hypo‐elastic material with internal variables is proposed. The constitutive equations are composed of two types: the stress rate is a function for stress, stretching, and internal variables, and linear in stretching, and the evolutional equations with respect to scalar, vector, and symmetric tensor internal variables. By the requirement that all of the internal variables were vanished at a time, the vector variables can be eliminated. The failure criterion and the failure stretching are defined, respectively, by the singularity condition and the null space of the response function for stress rate. Then the failure depending on the internal variables may be supposed to show the work‐hardening plasticity. The following three constitutive assumptions are adopted: pressure‐insensitive, free of generalized Bauschinger effect, and of grade two. Two special cases are proposed: one is the Prandtl‐Reuss body with a scalar internal variable, and another is the T body with a tensor internal variable.
Verzweigungslasten inelastischer Schalen
Authors: Bruhns O.
Published: June 2007

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein allgemeines Näherungsverfahren zur Bestimmung von Verzweigungslasten beliebiger inelastischer ‐ speziell elastoplastischer Schalen vorgestellt. Ausgehend von einem in seinem Grundkonzept auf Hill [4, 5] zurückgehenden verallgemeinerten inkrementellen Variationsprinzip, das sich auf das Problem endlicher Deformationen elastoplastischer Körper anwenden läßt, werden Aussagen über Verzweigungslasten elastoplastischer Schalen getroffen. Am Beispiel der rotationssymmetrisch belasteten Kreiszylinderschale wird das genannte Verfahren erläutert.
Biegestab mit exzentrischer Drehmasse
Authors: Ruge P.
Published: June 2007

Die Suche nach periodischen Bewegungen eines geraden elastischen Stabes mit exzentrisch aufgesetzter Drehmasse erfordert die Berücksichtigung nichtlinearer Trägheitsterme infolge der Stablängsverschiebung und der Ausmittigkeit. Periodische Quererregungen, deren Frequenz sich nur wenig von dem doppelten Eigenwert linearer Dreh‐Biegeschwingungen unterscheidet, führen zur Resonanz.
Enumeration Technique for the Set Covering Problem with a Linear Fractional Functional as its Objective Function
Authors: Arora S. R. , Puri M. C.
Published: June 2007

This paper presents an enumerative technique for the set covering problem with the objective function as linear fractional functional. The technique developed, is an enumerative one involving evaluation of extreme points of a linear fractional functional programming problem derived from the given problem. An example to illustrate the method is included.
Duality for a Non‐Convex Program in a Real Banach Space
Authors: Bector C. R. , Bhatt S. K.
Published: June 2007

This paper works out a direct duality theorem for a mathematical program in Banach space having ratio of a convex and a linear functional as its objective function. For a convex program in real BANACH space, RITTER [1] extended the WOLFE's duality theorem for a convex program in EUCLIDEAN space. It however turns out that WOLFE's direct duality theorem does not hold for a pseudoconvex program in general [2, p. 158]. BECTOR [3] succeeded in proving WOLFE's direct duality theorem for a mathematical program in EUCLIDEAN space in which the pseudo‐convex objective function is the ratio of a convex and a linear function. The present paper aims at extending this result for programs in BANACH space. The approach to establish the direct duality theorem, however, is the same as that of RITTER, i.e. using the weak duality theorem and the Kuhn‐Tucker necessary conditions for optimality.
Hydromagnetic Convective Instability in a Rotating Viscoelastic Layer Heated from Below
Authors: Eltayeb I. A. , Eltayeb I. A.
Published: June 2007

The linear stability of a highly rotating viscoelastic fluid layer heated from below and lying in a uniform magnetic field is studied in the Boussinesq approximation. A singular perturbation method is successfully employed to identify the preferred mode of convection for all magnitudes and directions of the magnetic field for a variety of surface conditions. The analysis shows that the magnetic field inhibits the dynamic influence of the boundaries on the critical mode of convection but introduces the dependence of the marginal state on the electrical and magnetic properties of the boundaries. However, as in the non‐magnetic case, the role played by the retardation time of the system persists in the presence of the magnetic field. The properties of various boundary layers are also discussed.
Sensitivität und Anwendbarkeit von Straf‐Barriere‐Methoden
Authors: Grossmann Ch. , Schöniger G.
Published: June 2007

Für die Anwendbarkeit der Straf‐ und Barriere‐Methoden ist entscheidend, ob sich Lösungen eines vorgegebenen Optimierungsproblems durch Lösen zugeordneter Ersatzprobleme erzeugen lassen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Anwendbarkeit von speziellen Straf‐ und Barriere‐Methoden und der Stetigkeit des Optimalwertes des Ausgangsproblems gegenüber geringen Störungen der Nebenbedingungen dargestellt. Es werden einige notwendige und einige hinreichende Bedingungen für die Anwendbarkeit verschiedener Straf‐ und Barriere‐Methoden angegeben. Außerdem werden Beziehungen zwischen den betrachteten Methoden untersucht.
Nonlinear Isometric Bifurcation and Shell Buckling
Authors: El Naschie M. S.
Published: June 2007

A simple concept for studying the lower stability limit of shell structures which is based on the theory of isometric transformation of surfaces is outlined. The influence of imperfection on the lower stability limit is discussed in the case of axially compressed cylindrical shells.
Parametrische Interpolation empirischer Raumkurven
Authors: Bär Gert
Published: June 2007

Zur Interpolation empirischer Kurven im Raum werden Vektorfunktionen verwendet. Insbesondere werden Verfahren der stückweisen Interpolation betrachtet, wobei an die interpolierenden Kurvenstücke schrittweise stärkere geometrische Interpolationsbedingungen gestellt werden. In den konstruierten Kurvenscharen werden als Spezialfälle die parametrische Hermitesche Interpolationskurve und die Spline‐Interpolationskurve 3. Grades nachgewiesen. Auf den Scharen werden zwei Extremaleigenschaften untersucht, die die Minimierung der mittleren Abweichung bzw. der Krümmung betreffen. Die untersuchten Scharen sind für die Aufgaben der rechnergestützten Konstruktion gut geeignet.
Symmetric Duality via Conjugate Duality
Authors: Schechter Murray
Published: June 2007

Symmetric pairs of programming problems involving square roots of quadratic forms have been studied by a number of authors. By applying the methods of conjugate duality theory to generalizations of these problems we readily obtain extensions of most known results guaranteeing duality of this pair. Our results apply equally well to problems in real and complex space.
Zur Ermittlung der Geschwindigkeit des Flüssigkeitsspiegels beim instationären Ausfluß aus oben offenen Gefäßen
Authors: Immich H.
Published: June 2007

Beim instationären Ausfluß aus einem oben offenen Gefäß mit veränderlicher Querschnittsform wird der Einfluß der Querschnittsänderung auf die Geschwindigkeit des Flüssigkeitsspiegels für ein dichtebeständiges und reibungsloses Fluid nach der Stromfadentheorie untersucht.
Notwendige und hinreichende Bedingungen eines schwachen lokalen Minimums
Authors: Luderer B.
Published: June 2007

Für in Funktionalräumen betrachtete Extremalaufgaben der Form {f(x) → inf; F(x, u) = 0, u ϵ U} werden Bedingungen für ein schwaches lokales Minimum angegeben, die zugleich notwendig und hinreichend sind. Zum Beweis wird wesentlich eine Verallgemeinerung des Satzes von Ljusternik über den Tangentialraum benutzt.
Ein Konvergenzsatz für Verfahren vom Brown‐Brent‐Typ
Authors: Schmidt Jochen W. , Hoyer Wolfgang
Published: June 2007

Im Anschluß an eine Arbeit von Brent wird für die beiden Iterationsverfahren von Brown und Brent zur numerischen Lösung von nichtlinearen Gleichungssystemen auf einheitlichem Wege ein lokaler Konvergenzsatz hergeleitet. Dabei ist es möglich, den recht komplizierten Brentschen Beweis beträchtlich zu vereinfachen und gleichzeitig die Bedeutung der Diskretisierungsschrittweite für die Konvergenzordnung herauszuarbeiten. Ein abschließender Vergleich mit weiteren ableitungsfreien Verfahren hinsichtlich des Ostrowskischen Effektivitätsgrades zeigt, daß die Verfahren vom Brown‐Brent‐Typ etwa zweimal so effektiv sind wie die Regula falsi und das Steffensen‐Verfahren, während sie von den Mehrschrittverfahren mit wachsender Dimension beliebig hoch überboten werden.
Randprojektoren und Greensche Operatoren von abstrakten Randwertproblemen und deren Anwendung
Authors: Tasche M.
Published: June 2007

Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit der Lösung von abstrakten linearen Randwertproblemen und knüpft an einige Ergebnisse von D. Przeworska‐Rolewicz und L. Berg an. Wir führen den Gramschen Operator, den Randprojektor und den Greenschen Operator ein und lösen mit Hilfe dieser Operatoren abstrakte Randwertprobleme. Anschließend geben wir sieben Beispiele von speziellen Randwertproblemen für unsere Theorie an.
Cutting Plane Technique for the Set Covering Problem with Linear Fractional Functional
Authors: Arora S. R. , Swarup Kanti , Puri M. C.
Published: June 2007

This paper develops an iterative cutting plane technique for finding an optimal cover solution of the set covering problem with linear fractional functional as its objective function which satisfies certain condition. The method determines a prime cover solution from the optimal solution of the linear fractional functional programming problem derived from the given problem, which is tested for optimality. If it is not an optimal prime cover solution, a linear cut is introduced and the process is continued till the optimal prime cover solution is reached. An example to illustrate the method is incorporated.
Erzeugung globaler Konvergenz bei regulären Zerlegungen von nichtlinearen Abbildungen
Authors: Wildenauer Peter
Published: June 2007

Für nichtlineare Gleichungssysteme F(z) = w mit regulär zerlegbarem Operator F : wird die globale Konvergenz von Iterationsverfahren durch einen geeigneten ersten Iterationsschritt erzeugt. Die Iterationsfolgen konvergieren gegen die kleinste bzw. größte Lösung, deren Existenz gesichert wird.
Zur Lösung des Körperstoßproblems
Authors: Frischbier R.
Published: June 2007

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das bisher ungelöste Problem des Körperstoßes dadurch einer Lösung zugeführt, daß in ihr die Impulserhaltung im Sinne von Descaretes begründet wird. Die entwickelten Stoßansätze werden auf den Zentralstoß eines freien gegen einen gleichen festen Stab aus elastischen homogenen Material angewandt. Dieses Problem wird einer geschlossenen Lösung zugeführt. Sie wird mit den spannungsoptischen Druckaufzeichnungen von Schwieger verglichen und damit in guter übereinstimmung befunden.