bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL
SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE KHABAROVSK TERRITORY
Authors: Bondarenko Т. N. , Shpak G. B.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to identifying problems in the implementation of local self-government in the context of administrative reform, the specifics of the activities of municipalities of the region and the prospects for achieving the effectiveness of social management in the coming years on the basis of a project approach. The purpose of the study is to determine the state of the socio-economic environment and the direction of development of local self-government
DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST:
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Zausaev V. K. , Pikhanova S. A.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the conditions and factors affecting the socio-economic development of the Russian Far East, formulates two fundamental trends that make geostrategic risks keener, and identifies key decisions for the preservation of the Far Eastern territories
REGIONAL EXPORT SUPPORT EVALUATION
(ON THE EXAMPLE OF KHABAROVSKII KRAI)
Authors: Titova S. Yu.
Published: February 2021

Different approaches to the export promotion programs evaluation at the regional level are considered in the article. Special attention is payed to the correlation between export promotion expenditures and export performance in the region. Necessityofthecomplex evaluation of export promotion programs with regard to programs’ indicators, exporters opinion and quantitative approaches to export value and it’s product structure is demonstrated
INNOVATION POLICIES OF THE REGION AND ITS INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KHABAROVSKII KRAI)
Authors: Konoshko L. V.
Published: February 2021

The article assesses innovative regional policy on the example of the Khabarovsk Territory. The features of the institutional support for the successful implementation of innovation policy are revealed. The directions of the institutional support of the regional innovation policy are determined on the basis of advanced domestic and foreign experience
IMPROVING INTERACTION BETWEEN THE JUDICIARY AND THE LEGISLATURE. LEGAL PRECEDENTS AND LAW
Authors: Sazankova O. V.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the appearance of a discussion about legal precedent in Russian law, provides and analyzes an example from the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme court, which theoretically gives acts of judicial instances the property of normativity. A proposal has also been formed to improve the effectiveness of law-making through delegated law-making
COVID-19 Myocarditis Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Management: A Narrative Review
Authors: Al Zaghrini Elie , Emmanuel Nancy , Zibara Victor , Terro Wael , Hanna Samia
Published: February 2021

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the cases of myocarditis in COVID-19 patients and synthesize the current understanding regarding the presentation, diagnosis, and management of myocarditis in the setting of COVID-19 disease.
Background: The novel coronavirus disease has shown serious implications for the cardiovascular system, including acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias, venous thromboembolism, and myocarditis. Several cases of myocarditis in COVID-19 patients have been reported since the disease's emergence at the end of 2019. The diagnostic approach and management have been variable. The purpose of this narrative review is to gather the most reliable published material regarding myocarditis in COVID-19 and present it as an overview to simplify the current understanding we have of this disease.
Methods: We screened PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. We then selected peer-reviewed and pre-print articles published in English that were related to the involvement of the cardiovascular system in COVID-19, with a focus on myocarditis. We included case reports describing myocarditis in COVID-19 patients and summarized their clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. References of the selected articles were also screened, and some were included when relevant.
Discussion: This article is subdivided into sections that discuss the clinical presentation of COVID-19 myocarditis and move on to various diagnostic approaches and management options. Each subsection presents a brief literature review followed by a summary and interpretation of what was found in the reported cases.
Conclusion: After noticing the involvement of the cardiovascular system in COVID-19 patients, specifically through myocarditis, we present this narrative review to provide the medical community with a unified article regarding the current understanding of myocarditis in COVID-19 patients. This article further stresses the necessity of establishing proper treatment guidelines for COVID-19 myocarditis.
Rotating Filament in Orion B: Do Cores Inherit Their Angular Momentum from Their Parent Filament?
Authors: Hsieh 承 Cheng-Han 翰 , Arce Héctor G. , Mardones Diego , Kong Shuo , Plunkett Adele
Published: February 2021

Angular momentum is one of the most important physical quantities that governs star formation. The initial angular momentum of a core may be responsible for its fragmentation, and can have an influence on the size of the protoplanetary disk. To understand how cores obtain their initial angular momentum, it is important to study the angular momentum of filaments where they form. While theoretical studies on filament rotation have been explored, there exist very few observational measurements of the specific angular momentum in star-forming filaments. We present high-resolution N2D+ ALMA observations of the LBS 23 (HH24-HH26) region in Orion B, which provide one of the most reliable measurements of the specific angular momentum in a star-forming filament. We find the total specific angular momentum (4 × 1020 cm2 s−1), the dependence of the specific angular momentum with radius (j(r) ∝ r
1.83), and the ratio of rotational energy to gravitational energy (β
rot ∼ 0.04) comparable to those observed in rotating cores with sizes similar to our filament width (∼0.04 pc) in other star-forming regions. Our filament angular momentum profile is consistent with rotation acquired from ambient turbulence and with simulations that show cores and their host filaments develop simultaneously due to multi-scale growth of nonlinear perturbation generated by turbulence.
The R-Process Alliance: Chemodynamically Tagged Groups of Halo r-process-enhanced Stars Reveal a Shared Chemical-evolution History
Authors: Gudin Dmitrii , Shank Derek , Beers Timothy C. , Yuan Zhen , Limberg Guilherme , Roederer Ian U. , Placco Vinicius , Holmbeck Erika M. , Dietz Sarah , Rasmussen Kaitlin C. , Hansen Terese T. , Sakari Charli M. , Ezzeddine Rana , Frebel Anna
Published: February 2021

We derive dynamical parameters for a large sample of 446 r-process-enhanced (RPE) metal-poor stars in the halo and disk systems of the Milky Way, based on data releases from the R-Process Alliance, supplemented by additional literature samples. This sample represents more than a 10-fold increase in size relative to that previously considered by Roederer et al. and, by design, covers a larger range of r-process-element enrichment levels. We test a number of clustering analysis methods on the derived orbital energies and other dynamical parameters for this sample, ultimately deciding on application of the HDBSCAN algorithm, which obtains 30 individual chemodynamically tagged groups (CDTGs); 21 contain between 3 and 5 stars, and 9 contain between 6 and 12 stars. Even though the clustering was performed solely on the basis of their dynamical properties, the stars in these CDTGs exhibit statistically significant similarities in their metallicity ([Fe/H]), carbonicity ([C/Fe]), and neutron-capture element ratios ([Sr/Fe], [Ba/Fe], and [Eu/Fe]). These results demonstrate that the RPE stars in these CDTGs have likely experienced common chemical-evolution histories, presumably in their parent satellite galaxies or globular clusters, prior to being disrupted into the Milky Way’s halo. We also confirm the previous claim that the orbits of the RPE stars preferentially exhibit pericentric distances that are substantially lower than the present distances of surviving ultrafaint dwarf and canonical dwarf spheroidal galaxies, consistent with the disruption hypothesis. The derived dynamical parameters for several of our CDTGs indicate their association with previously known substructures, dynamically tagged groups, and RPE groups.
Quand la communication publique travaille son expression
Authors: Krieg-Planque Alice
Published: February 2021

Cet article expose et met en perspective la démarche de « simplification du langage administratif » adoptée en France depuis le début des années 2000. Nous abordons l’histoire des politiques publiques en la matière, à travers la création du Comité d’Orientation pour la Simplification du Langage Administratif (COSLA), en 2001. Nous montrons que de telles initiatives ne peuvent être comprises qu’en lien avec des objectifs démocratiques (accès aux droits, citoyenneté) et avec des représentations de la langue et des discours (idéaux rattachés à l’idée d’un « langage clair »). En observant les avatars de la « simplification du langage administratif » dans le contexte néolibéral de la « réforme de l’État » et de la généralisation du recours au numérique, nous concluons sur l’importance des inégalités sociales dans l’accès à l’information.
Quand le journaliste saute de classe
Authors: Mangon Simon
Published: February 2021

Après les attentats contre Charlie Hebdo en janvier 2015, les autorités publiques françaises ont mis en place des dispositifs d’éducation aux médias et à l’information (EMI) dans les établissements scolaires afin de renforcer « l’esprit critique » du jeune public pour lutter contre la « radicalisation ». Cette enquête se penche sur l’investissement d’acteurs peu étudiés dans les travaux sur l’EMI, les journalistes, et notamment ceux des médias locaux dits « citoyens ». En prenant pour cas d’étude la région Sud, l’article montre comment des agents pourtant marginaux dans le champ journalistique local et critiques à l’égard des autorités sont consacrés par les dispositifs publics. L’aide étatique ne vient pas seulement légitimer une certaine conception du journalisme, elle incite également les médias à se « professionnaliser » et à se « réformer » pour sortir de la précarité. Ainsi, l’article développe l’hypothèse d’un gouvernement à distance d’une partie du champ journalistique par une administration publique, qui a le pouvoir de définir des critères de professionnalité et des « bonnes pratiques » journalistiques. À travers la promotion de l’EMI et d’un « journalisme citoyen », cet article interroge en définitive le rôle de l’État dans le processus de reconnaissance d’une profession en quête constante d’autonomie.
Les relations de travail dans les entreprises associatives. Salariés et employeurs bénévoles face à l’ambivalence de leurs rôles
Authors: Cottin-Marx Simon
Published: February 2021

Le monde associatif est-il un monde du travail comme les autres ? Pour répondre à cette question, les sociologues ont forgé la notion d’entreprise associative, soulignant que ces organisations employeuses oscillent entre deux registres, celui de l’engagement et celui du monde professionnel. Dans cet article, à partir d’une enquête auprès de salariés et d’employeurs associatifs, l’auteur regarde tour à tour ce que l’engagement fait aux salariés, et ce que le salariat fait à l’engagement des employeurs bénévoles. Car travailler dans le monde associatif, c’est (souvent) travailler « pour la cause » et « avec » des bénévoles. C’est aussi travailler « pour » des bénévoles, pour qui le rôle d’employeur est une responsabilité souvent inattendue et difficile à prendre en charge. Autant de spécificités qui marquent les relations de travail dans les petites entreprises associatives et déstabilisent aussi bien la posture salariale que la posture de l’employeur.
Entre « culture de prévention » et contre-pouvoir : la formation en santé au travail des représentants du personnel
Authors: Barnier Louis-Marie , Bouffartigue Paul , Granaux Sonia , Pendariès Jean-René
Published: February 2021

Comment sont formés les représentants des salariés dans les instances compétentes en matière de santé et sécurité au travail ? Une enquête fondée principalement sur l’observation, en 2016-2017, de cinq stages d’accompagnement à une prise de mandat en comité d’hygiène, de sécurité et des conditions de travail (CHSCT), assurés par cinq organismes distincts, montre qu’ils empruntent de manière différenciée à trois modèles de la prévention des risques professionnels : « juridico-technique », « ergonomique », et « syndical ». Ces modèles sont associés à des visions diversifiées du rôle de l’instance – entre intégration aux services hygiène et sécurité environnement (HSE) de la direction et contre-pouvoir syndical – ainsi que des compétences de l’élu – un expert technique parmi d’autres, ou avant tout un représentant d’un collectif. La formation en santé au travail des représentants des travailleurs au sein du comité social et économique (CSE) sera confrontée à cette même diversité, et rendue plus exigeante par l’intégration de ses liens avec les enjeux de gestion de l’entreprise.
L’accord d’entreprise mondial, instrument de politiques pour les groupes transnationaux
Authors: Barraud de Lagerie Pauline , Mias Arnaud , Phé Camille , Servel Laurence
Published: February 2021

Cet article montre que la négociation collective transnationale d’entreprise ne s’assimile plus à la production de chartes éthiques négociées, mais s’inscrit plus nettement dans les politiques d’entreprises des groupes multinationaux en matière de responsabilité sociale des entreprises. Les directions d’entreprise sont davantage à l’initiative de la négociation et les accords signés sont mobilisés comme instruments de régulation entre le groupe et ses filiales. La sophistication du contenu des accords, l’élargissement thématique, ainsi que l’introduction de procédures de suivi sont des évolutions qui signalent ce basculement et qui justifient de parler aujourd’hui d’« accords d’entreprise mondiaux ». Restituant les processus de (re)négociation dans trois grandes entreprises françaises, l’article identifie deux nouvelles logiques à l’œuvre – constitutionnelle et instrumentale – qui sont autant de façons de s’éloigner de la logique « instituante », longtemps prégnante, des accords-cadres internationaux.
EFFECT OF YELLOW LOESS ON ODOROUS GAS ADSORPTION AND ECOTOXICITY TEST USING DAPHNIA MAGNA
Authors: Jang Hongseok , Lee Boram , So Seungyoung
Published: February 2021

To minimize damage caused by harmful substances released from artificial construction materials, there has been increasing interest in eco-friendly houses constructed with natural materials. Among natural materials, yellow loess is South Korea’s most representative eco-friendly construction material, with high purification performance for indoor use. However, there has been no objective assessment of yellow loess’s performance at purifying indoor air. In this study, internal pores were found in yellow loess that were of a lamellar crystal structure consisting of bonds of silica and alumina plates, and there was a high negative charge on the loess surface; these might have contributed to the excellent performance of yellow loess in adsorbing odorous gas. There was also an exposure test using Daphnia magna to determine the eco-friendliness of yellow loess compared with that of cement mortar. Results showed the survival of Daphnia magna was longer in the indoor environment of a test chamber with higher concentration of ammonia wherein yellow loess was placed. EC50 (median effective concentration, the concentration that caused death of 50% of bio-specimens) value of 19 ml of ammonia (0.1% solution), which was three times more than EC50 value of 6 ml of ammonia of the same area of cement mortar.
IDENTIFYING OPTIMUM GLAZING PROPERTY FOR CONSERVING ENERGY IN HOT SEMI-ARID CLIMATE REGIONS
Authors: Altaf Madeeha , Hill Frances
Published: February 2021

Globally, the building sector is responsible for 40% of energy use and 30% of GHG emissions. The greatest portion of the energy is used during the operational phase (use stage) of buildings. The building envelope, especially the glazed components, plays an important role in determining the energy requirement of buildings. These glazed parts of the building envelope exposed to direct solar radiation are most vulnerable to heat loss and gain. Heat loss and gain through the glazing material depend on glazing properties (U-value, SHGC, VT) and building energy use changes according to the properties of the glazing system. A variety of glazing types has been developed over recent decades that use the properties of the glass as a means of responding to environmental conditions. This study is carried out to identify the optimum glazing property for conserving energy in cooling dominant regions using an early design energy modeling tool. It was found that a low SHGC is the most important glazing property for reducing cooling energy consumption. SHGC of less than 0.3 is found useful. This study would help building industry professionals evaluate the best glazing property while selecting the glazing type.
Les lettres dans l’hagiographie médiolatine (ixe-xiie siècle)
Authors: Isaïa Marie-Céline
Published: February 2021

Les lettres que certains hagiographes intègrent dans leurs Vitae entre le ixe et le xiie siècle peuvent jouer le rôle de documents probatoires, au même titre que d’autres actes (diplômes, testaments, bulles). L’auteur les utilise, de bonne ou de mauvaise foi, comme les garanties d’un discours hagiographique qui place au premier plan de ses buts une écriture véridique de l’histoire. Néanmoins, les lettres se distinguent de tous les autres actes insérés dans les Vitae à cause d’une parenté générique entre écriture hagiographique et écriture épistolaire : l’une et l’autre prétendent conserver vivante la voix de l’absent ; bien des Vitae sont présentées comme un élément au sein du dialogue épistolaire plus large qui unit l’hagiographe et les familiers du saint, commanditaires et/ou récipiendaires de sa Vie. À partir du xie siècle, le projet historiographique qui faisait de la lettre une preuve semble devenir moins important que le projet spirituel qui voit dans la lettre un témoignage sincère ou un vivant souvenir.
Lion irez, lion mariz : une interprétation nouvelle d’un passage difficile du Bestiaire de Philippe de Thaon
Authors: Capelli Roberta
Published: February 2021

L’article propose une interprétation nouvelle d’un passage du Bestiaire de Philippe de Thaon, en s’appuyant sur l’identification d’un lexème difficilior, déformé dans les manuscrits connus. Dans le premier chapitre du Bestiaire, consacré au lion, on dit que l’animal se peint avec ses pieds, ce qui a été interprété comme l’action de (se) pendre < pendēre « se suspendre, s’accrocher à quelque chose », ou de (se) peindre < pingĕre « se représenter, se figurer ». La reconstruction conjecturale que l’on propose ici se fonde sur une forme originale sēpeint/sēpeinst, de s’enpeindre/s’empeindre < impingĕre « se précipiter, se pousser en avant » : le passage décrirait donc un lion rampant qui se cabre, lorsqu’il est irez, et un lion tapi contre terre, lorsqu’il est mariz. Cette hypothèse aboutit aussi à une conclusion importante à propos de la non-authenticité auctoriale des didascalies en latin qui ne figurent pas dans le manuscrit de base et qui ont dû être ajoutées postérieurement, à un niveau plus bas du stemma.
Civilisation médiévale et discontinuités rationnelles (Pensées théologiques et Pensée sauvage)
Authors: Vincensini Jean-Jacques
Published: February 2021

Certaines narrations médiévales, animées par « la pensée sauvage » expliquent le monde en s’appuyant sur un substrat mythique et folklorique étranger à la culture chrétienne de référence. Les rapports entre les notions de civilisation, de culture(s) et de rationalités éclaireront l’opposition entre le caractère « primitif » de cette culture folklorique et le « rationalisme » de la culture savante des clercs, aussi ecclésiastiques fussent-ils. Cette culture est loin de composer un ensemble cohérent. D’où les observations consacrées au « Choc de deux mentalités, naturalistes contre herméneutes ». Un exemple illustratif, le récit arthurien du xiiie siècle écrit en latin, la Narratio de Arthuro Rege Britanniae, montrera comment les fictions médiévales, riches de motifs merveilleux et soupçonnées de mensonges, posent et répondent à des questions profondes. Quel sens ce récit latin donne-t-il à la réussite de la quête du roi Arthur : découvrir le secret de l’esprit et du génie des femmes ?
La « visibilité des circuits courts » comme ressource commune
Authors: Guiraud Noé , Rouchier Juliette
Published: February 2021

Le conseil régional de Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (Paca) a décidé, en décembre 2010, de créer l’Observatoire régional des circuits courts (ORCC), dans le but affiché d’accompagner l’essor de ces circuits alimentaires émergents. Cet observatoire devait à la fois permettre une meilleure connaissance du phénomène “circuits courts” et l’institution d’une gouvernance régionale à leur sujet. Mis en œuvre selon une logique descendante (« top-down »), l’observatoire a permis d’instaurer une importante proximité entre les membres, qui ont fini par élaborer une gouvernance horizontale, dépassant des antagonismes politiques initiaux assez forts. En analysant l’histoire de cette institution complexe, il est possible d’identifier les conflits successifs qui l’ont caractérisée durant ses cinq années d’existence et leurs méthodes de résolution. Si l’on se réfère au cadre d’analyse IAD (Institutional Analysis and Development) d’Elinor Ostrom (2010), il apparaît que les conflits étaient principalement liés à un dilemme social autour de la ressource “visibilité” - qui se déclinait individuellement mais aussi collectivement – et que les règles ont été élaborées pour définir l’appropriation et l’usage de cette ressource par les acteurs. On peut considérer que la construction incrémentale de cet ’ensemble de règles a permis de constituer une institution assez « complète » au sens de l’IAD, mais dont on pouvait également percevoir les fragilités, liées à l’ambiguïté de l’acteur conseil régional – tout à la fois promoteur et financeur. Elles se sont d’ailleurs confirmées lors d’un changement de majorité du conseil régional.
An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Success of Crowdfunding Projects
Authors: Negrão Carla Sofia Vicente , Brito João António Furtado
Published: February 2021

Crowdfunding is a way to finance a project in a short time, but it is not easy to develop a successful project. In this study, the authors investigated success determinants of crowdfunding projects by focusing on different categories and the interaction effect of staff pick and video. The authors used econometric analysis for investigating projects of the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter. They found that the funding goal has a negative influence on the probability of success of the crowdfunding project, but the pledged money has a positive influence on all data and by category. The effect of video for staff pick projects is greater than for non-staff pick projects, in art and comic projects. However, the effect of video for staff pick projects is less than for non-staff pick projects, in craft, fashion, food, games, music, photography, and publishing models. These findings are of high interest for practitioners and researchers in the field and extend the knowledge on crowdfunding platforms in several categories and on interaction effects.
Characteristics of Successful Securities Crowdfunding Campaigns in the United States
Authors: Wright William Frank , Wright Margaret MacFarlane
Published: February 2021

Title III of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act) enacted by the U.S. Congress enables a new crowdfunding source of investment capital for entrepreneurs and a new opportunity for all investors (Regulation CF). Given the information asymmetry, the SEC requires that managers provide information to investors (Form C). Using this information, this research tests whether business attributes, financial risks, and offering characteristics are associated with successful crowdfunding efforts for 277 offerings originating during 2016-2017 and closed as of May 2018. The following attributes are positively correlated with funding success: product idea; prior managerial experience with startups; financial risks reported by management; availability of an independent CPA review; and, especially for companies reporting revenue, accounting risk measurements. Finally, the funding intermediary chosen is important and some were more successful than others. Overall, the results provide new insights concerning characteristics of successful security-based crowdfunding offerings.
Design Thinking for Online Learning
Authors: Sözler Soner
Published: February 2021

With the spread of COVID-19, nearly all education systems in the world pivoted to distance education in order to overcome the crisis. Because it is an unexpected crisis, most institutions had to employ emergency remote teaching systems. This decision brought so many problems to education industry. But now, it is a known fact that the virus is with us at least one more year, and moreover, new epidemics may occur. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide a guideline with a different approach to online learning for practitioners working in education industry. Thanks to this guideline, the practitioners can create well-designed online learning environments, and as a result, they will not need emergency remote teaching applications anymore.
Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
Authors: Hawamdeh Mahmoud , Adamu Idris
Published: February 2021

This chapter discuss how Problem-Based learning (PBL) helps to achieve this century's approach to teaching and learning for students in higher educational institutions. If adopted, this method of teaching will enable student to attain learning skills (skills, abilities, problem solving, and learning dispositions that have been identified) to acquire a lifelong habit of approaching problems with initiative and diligence and a drive to acquire the knowledge and skills needed for an effective resolution. And they will develop a systematic approach to solving real-life problems using higher-order skills.
Contributions of Information Design to Popular Scientific Communication
Authors: Franco Juliana Rocha , Pinho Izabela Silva
Published: February 2021

In a world increasingly saturated with data, scientific communication's success in reaching its target audience is linked to its ability to organize and represent information. Through semiotics concepts, this chapter explores the possibilities of information design as a set of tools for planning the exhibition of scientific content effectively. Information design is an area of knowledge that focuses on the human component's concern and the ergonomic aspects of visual communication. The chapter brings two case studies on infographics and on how information design is applied in popular scientific communication. The research will show that information design, associated with the precepts of plain language, can offer substantial contributions to the work of those who intend to disseminate science to non-specialized audiences.
Presentation of a Social Responsibility Project on Social Media and MOOCs Within the Scope of Scientific Communication
Authors: Kuş Gökhan
Published: February 2021

The learning activities of individuals are not only limited to school, but they also continue learning in all areas of life. One of the most effective ways of achieving this in the evolving socio-cultural and technological environment is the social media environment. The authors addressed the issues separately for the deficiencies identified in the study. They offered the trainings they have done in various platforms.
Measuring Student Satisfaction Level Regarding Aesthetic and Instructor Dimensions of Web-Based Distance Learning Programs
Authors: Koca Serhat , Aytaş Murat
Published: February 2021

Today, many educational institutions provide their content to their recipients through web-based distance learning applications. While providing this education method to the recipients through communication technologies, the aesthetic design and the instructor dimension of the content are of utter importance. In this framework, the study measured the level of student satisfaction regarding the aesthetic and instructor dimension in web-based distance learning programs within the case of the Spiritual Guidance program. Accordingly, the study of distance learning programs in terms of aesthetic and instructive dimensions will contribute to the research that will be conducted in this direction.
New Features of Learners in Education
Authors: Kilic Figen , Karakuş Ismail
Published: February 2021

Throughout the recent decades there have been rapid developments and changes in terms of science and technology. From now on, individuals want a flexible education format in which time and place are changeable in line with their desires and concerns. Particularly from the perspective of lifelong learning, digitalization can be seen as an important element which forces individuals to change. Some of these are digital awareness, digital competence, and digital fluency. As one of the digital terms, digital competence includes the effective, efficient, critical, flexible, and reflective structuring of information for business, learning, and socializing, while the latter digital fluency is the ability to know when and where to use technology. The main problem that stands out is adapting education programs according to the new developments. The restructuring of the program development activities, so as to raise individuals with changing and developing knowledge, skills, and attitudes, acts like a spotlight which highlights the critical role of program development in the education system.
Only Can AI Understand Me?
Authors: Stranieri Andrew , Sun Zhaohao
Published: February 2021

This chapter addresses whether AI can understand me. A framework for regulating AI systems that draws on Strawson's moral philosophy and concepts drawn from jurisprudence and theories on regulation is used. This chapter proposes that, as AI algorithms increasingly draw inferences following repeated exposure to big datasets, they have become more sophisticated and rival human reasoning. Their regulation requires that AI systems have agency and are subject to the rulings of courts. Humans sponsor the AI systems for registration with regulatory agencies. This enables judges to make moral culpability decisions by taking the AI system's explanation into account along with the full social context of the misdemeanor. The proposed approach might facilitate the research and development of intelligent analytics, intelligent big data analytics, multiagent systems, artificial intelligence, and data science.
AI-Driven Big Healthcare Analytics
Authors: Maazouzi Faiz , Zarzour Hafed
Published: February 2021

With the increased development of technology in healthcare, a huge amount of data is collected from healthcare organizations and stored in distributed medical data centers. In this context, such data quantities, called medical big data, which include different types of digital contents such as text, image, and video, have become an interesting topic tending to change the way we describe, manage, process, analyze, and visualize data in healthcare industry. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the sub-fields of computer science enabling us to analyze and solve more complex problems in many areas, including healthcare. AI-driven big healthcare analytics have the potential to predict patients at risk, spread of viruses like SARS-CoV-2, spread of new coronavirus, diseases, and new potential drugs. This chapter presents the AI-driven big healthcare analytics as well as discusses the benefits and the challenges. It is expected that the chapter helps researchers and practitioners to apply AI and big data to improve healthcare.
The Impact of News on Public-Private Partnership Stock Price in China via Text Mining Method
Authors: Yu Poshan , Xu Zhenyu
Published: February 2021

In data analytics, the application of text analysis is always challenging, in particular, when performing the text mining of Chinese characters. This study aims to use the micro-blog data created by the users to conduct text mining and analysis of the impact of stock market performances in China. Based upon Li's instance labeling method, this chapter examines the correlation between social media information and a public-private partnership (PPP)-related company stock prices. The authors crawled the data from EastMoney platform via a web crawler and obtained a total of 79,874 language data from 10 January 2017 to 28 November 2019. The total material data obtained is 79,616, which the authors use for specific training in the financial corpus. The findings of this chapter indicate that the investor investment sentiment has a certain impact on the stock price movement of selected stocks in the PPP sector.
Preparing for the 4th Industrial Revolution
Authors: Chakrabarty Shwetangna
Published: February 2021

This chapter will share insights into the International Baccalaureate (IB) model of teaching and learning and its impact on the learner. This chapter will include strategies that IB schools in Guangzhou, China are implementing in order to prepare students for the next industrial revolution. This chapter will discuss various examples of innovative teaching and learning under the umbrella of the IB philosophy of education that is shifting the knowledge paradigm. This chapter will explore the five types of learning styles essential for the learner of today to prepare for tomorrow's world.
Possibilities for “Proactive, Interactive Deep Learning” in Japan's New National Curriculum Evident From an Analysis of IBDP's Theory of Knowledge
Authors: Tanaka Kinoshita Risa , Datta Shammi
Published: February 2021

Prior to the implementation of Japan's new national curriculum—known as the course of study (COS)—in 2012, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) declared it would examine the viability of the International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum. Considering this, it is likely that the “proactive, interactive, deep learning,” a key idea of the new COS, and IB philosophy have many points of commonality. This chapter will focus on non-IB schools attempting to include the IB philosophy with an emphasis on classes incorporating the theory of knowledge (TOK) philosophy, an integral part of the IB Diploma Programme's (IBDP). Relevant aspects of TOK are examined, supported by the results of semi-structured interviews with teachers. It is suggested that the TOK philosophy is a meaningful reference for teachers to implement proactive, interactive, deep learning. However, teachers will likely go through some trial and error while applying it in their schools.
Structural Challenges Implementing International Baccalaureate Programmes in Australia
Authors: Kidson Paul
Published: February 2021

International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes in Australia exist within a complex array of curriculum requirements that differ significantly across states and territories. Navigating these differing requirements creates tensions and, at times, conflict for principals. This chapter explores principals' perspectives on these tensions. After providing a brief history of the IB in Australia, a contemporary profile is provided which highlights the diversity of implementation. While principals overwhelmingly endorse the value of an IB education, four challenges are identified: balancing the requirements of local and national curriculum priorities, duality of curriculum requirements and structures, the consequent financial imperatives of this duality, and a specific tension related to the provision of additional language instruction. Supporting principals to manage these tensions effectively remains a challenge for the IB to address.
Re-Defining and Re-Designing Public Education in Pakistan
Authors: Suhail Khushbakht
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to offer a re-conceptualization of education in Pakistan, rooted in its unique context, that might maximize progress for the country and its citizens. Attempts at reform in the public education system of Pakistan are examined and parallels with foreign trends in reform largely driven by the popular ‘Human Capital' theory are found. This chapter identifies a form of education based in the cultural and historical legacy of the people of Pakistan, especially focused on development of critical-thinking skills of students. While it is teachers' responsibility to facilitate critical-thinking in students, they cannot do so if their own critical-thinking is not well developed. A critical-thinking disposition assessment of public primary teachers found that teachers have low scores. Therefore, this chapter concludes that the teacher-education system in Pakistan should be revamped to enhance critical-thinking of teachers as well as students. Policymakers in Pakistan are recommended to collaborate with IB for development of such a teacher-education system.
Revisiting Equity, Equality, and Reform in Contemporary Public Education
Authors: Grant Marquis C.
Published: February 2021

Equity, equality, and reform were intended to level the playing field, so to speak, for children who have been marginalized since the idea of public education was introduced. The beginning stages of a structured, formal education system was not inclusive; in fact, the one-size-fits-all mindset of public education set a standard by which children of color, children with disabilities, and poor children received nothing more than a substandard education, if they received an education at all. This new idea of a free public education was reserved for the majority, unattainable for children who were perceived to fall outside the notion of a traditional student model. This chapter revisits equity, equality, and reform in public education.
High-Leverage Practices for All Students
Authors: Epler Pam
Published: February 2021

This chapter is designed to inform and educate the reader about high-leverage practices used in the general education classroom and with students with identified special educational needs. The chapter starts by explaining how high-leverage practices originated and continues with a discussion about the similarities and differences between the general and special education high-leverage practices. The chapter then finishes with a discussion about how both types of practices can be applied to any educational situation.
Enriching Teacher Motivation by Improving Teacher Education
Authors: Gadella Kamstra Lorena Salud
Published: February 2021

Teacher motivation plays a crucial role in the learning and teaching of languages. Despite its importance, research on language teacher motivation is limited. On a different note, research on teacher education (TE) has exposed the ineffective preparation of teachers for the reality of the classroom. This chapter will discuss implications for language teacher training programs by establishing a link between teacher motivation and TE. This qualitative investigation was conducted in secondary state schools in Spain, and 23 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers participated. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore teacher demotivation to teach EFL, which in turn was associated to teachers' lack of training in inclusive and reflective practices. The findings revealed the demotivating influence of these two areas and explored how these could be tackled in TE while accounting for teachers' needs. By enhancing teacher training, the language classroom could become an inclusive and reflective space for young learners and teachers.
Multisensory Language Teaching
Authors: Çelik Korkmaz Şule , Karatepe Çiğdem
Published: February 2021

This study aims to investigate the effects of multisensory vocabulary teaching (MSVT) on 4th-grade learners' English vocabulary knowledge. Accordingly, the experimental group was taught through MSVT while the control group was given mainstream coursebook-based instruction. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection instruments were used. The non-parametric Wilcoxon tests yielded statistically significant differences regarding pupils' vocabulary achievement in favor of the experimental group both in the immediate post-vocabulary test and in the delayed post-vocabulary test. Furthermore, content analysis of the learners' diaries, teachers' blogs, and interviews revealed mostly positive views about learning words through MSVT compared to coursebook-based learning.
Exploring the Delphi Report's Critical Thinking Framework for Military School Educationists
Authors: Giuseffi Frank G.
Published: February 2021

This chapter advances the argument that military colleges and universities should infuse and implement critical thinking in learning experiences to explore and develop values, character traits, and leadership skills in students (cadets). The chapter first surveys the literature concerning critical thinking, drawing from historical, philosophical, psychological, and educational evidence. The chapter then elucidates the Delphi Report's findings about CT and contends that military school educationists use the report as a guide for instructional strategies and educational experiences with students (cadets). By embracing the fundamentals of critical thinking through several perspectives and leveraging the elements of CT identified in the Delphi Report, military colleges and universities can initiate a renewed interest in leveraging the advantages of CT in their courses, offering students opportunities to become capable officers, productive citizens, and moral people.
Impactful Academic Supports for Students Enrolled at Military Colleges
Authors: Stevenson Susan Greene
Published: February 2021

Military colleges have historically been respected and viewed as results-driven institutions of higher learning. These colleges have strong reputations for producing both leaders and scholars. Though gaining admission to a military college is usually somewhat more formidable than the admission process at many civilian colleges, students are accepted with varying academic abilities, skills, and backgrounds. Most of these students, however, are retained, experience academic success, and graduate. The author describes distinct military college academic support initiatives that promote scholarly success among college students, from those who struggle to pass a course to those who want to turn a satisfactory grade into a better grade. Included in those initiatives are tutoring, advising, and mentoring. A case study of the establishment of the Academic Success Center at Marion Military Institute is included, along with data markers indicating the success of the center and its programs.
Educational Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Authors: Govindarajan M.
Published: February 2021

Educational data mining (EDM) creates high impact in the field of academic domain. EDM is concerned with developing new methods to discover knowledge from educational and academic database and can be used for decision making in educational and academic systems. EDM is useful in many different areas including identifying at risk students, identifying priority learning needs for different groups of students, increasing graduation rates, effectively assessing institutional performance, maximizing campus resources, and optimizing subject curriculum renewal. This chapter discusses educational data mining, its applications, and techniques that have to be adopted in order to successfully employ educational data mining and learning analytics for improving teaching and learning. The techniques and applications discussed in this chapter will provide a clear-cut idea to the educational data mining researchers to carry out their work in this field.
3D Virtual Learning Environment for Acquisition of Cultural Competence
Authors: Petrina Stephen , Zhao Jennifer Jing
Published: February 2021

As educational systems emphasize and experiment with forms of online and remote learning, it is increasingly important to investigate the cultural competence of instructional designers. This chapter addresses the experiences of instructional designers in a 3D virtual learning environment designed for development of cultural competence. Design-based research (DBR) and user experience (UX) methodologies were employed to explore experience of six instructional designers in 3D virtual environment. A taxonomy of experience (ToE) established by Coxon guided qualitative data collection and analysis. Through examples and data, the chapter emphasizes the necessity for instructional designers to keep in mind the challenge of cultural diversity in the backgrounds of students and their own, and bring guidelines and principles into culturally sensitive and responsive instructional design processes. The authors recommend four future research directions, including cross-cultural instructional designer competencies along with research into cultural personas, avatars, and guest-host relations.
Virtual Worlds, Learning Tools or Risk for Addiction?
Authors: Mazzola Alberta
Published: February 2021

The chapter aims to provide an exploration of phenomena related to the use of technology-supported programs in the education field, with a specific focus on virtual worlds. In a psycho-sociological perspective with a psychoanalytic approach, the essay provides a literature analysis. Papers about virtual worlds and internet addiction are detected in order to explore the relationship among them. By studying mass media publications, emerging problems related to the use of technological tools in school are revealed on local and global scale. The proposal is to analyse the introduced issues by re-inscribing them within the coexistence context where they emerge. The highlighted hypothesis focuses on technology use as deeply marked by emotional approaches, determined by local cultures, which are shared among people participating to a specific context. It is possible to face specific issues, which afflict school professionals, students, and families, by analyzing emotional symbolizations they share.
Comparing Two Teacher Training Courses for 3D Game-Based Learning
Authors: Thomas Michael , Cinganotto Letizia
Published: February 2021

This chapter explores data form two online language teacher training courses aimed at providing participants with the skills to create and use games in 3D immersive environments. Arising from a two-year project which explored how game-based learning and virtual learning environments can be used as digital tools to develop collaborative and creative learning environments, two training courses were developed to support teachers to use two immersive environments (Minecraft and OpenSim). The first course was self-directed and the second was moderated by facilitators. Both courses provided a variety of games and resources for students and teachers in different languages (English, German, Italian, and Turkish). This chapter explores feedback from the teacher participants on both courses arising from a questionnaire and interviews with teachers and provides recommendations about the technical and pedagogical support required to develop immersive worlds and games for language learning.
The Educational Value of the Escape Room in Virtual Environments
Authors: Tricarico Michelangelo
Published: February 2021

This chapter will report the experiences and skills gained during the “Escape Room at Edu3D” project developed within the Craft World virtual world, by the Edu3D open source learning community, which has long been dedicated to teaching innovation in the environment virtual, thanks to the collaboration of experts, technicians, and volunteer teachers passionate about digital architecture. The developed project has led to a review of the escape rooms, which we are normally used to associating with role-playing games in which competitors are locked in themed rooms and must try to go out collecting clues and solving puzzles, puzzles, codes, and riddles, giving them a teaching key.