bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An upconversion nanoparticle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer system for effectively sensing caspase-3 activity
Authors: Liu Lin , Zhang Hua , Song Daqian , Wang Zhenxin
Published: December 2017

An upconversion nanoparticle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensing platform has been developed for the caspase-3 activity detection in vitro and in cells.
A label-free, versatile and low-background chemiluminescence aptasensing strategy based on gold nanocluster catalysis combined with the separation of magnetic beads
Authors: Yao Yueyue , Wang Xiuzhong , Duan Wenna , Li Feng
Published: December 2017

A label-free, versatile and low-background chemiluminescence sensing strategy based on gold nanocluster catalysis combined with magnetic separation was developed.
Crystal structure of a carborane endo/exo-dianion and its use in the synthesis of ditopic ligands for supramolecular frameworks
Authors: Zhang Kang , Shen Yunjun , Liu Jiyong , Spingler Bernhard , Duttwyler Simon
Published: December 2017

The crystal structure of a monocarba-closo-dodecaborate endo/exo-dianion is reported, featuring a delocalized endohedral charge and a sigma-type C–[Li] moiety.
Kinetic control over supramolecular hydrogelation and anticancer properties of taxol
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Youzhi , Hua Yongquan , Duan Jinyou , Chen Minsheng , Wang Ling , Yang Zhimou
Published: December 2017

The anticancer properties of supramolecular nanofibers of taxol in hydrogels could be manipulated by the kinetics of hydrogel formation.
Not all nitrogen atoms are equal: contribution of peripheral versus internal amines to the observed reactivity and capture properties of melamine dendrons on SBA-15
Authors: Lou Y. , Shantz D. F.
Published: December 2017

The role of different nitrogen atoms in melamine dendrons tethered to SBA-15 is elucidated by multiple probes.
Oxidation–reductive coupling of alcohols catalyzed by oxo-vanadium complexes
Authors: Steffensmeier Eric , Nicholas Kenneth M.
Published: December 2017

Oxo-vanadium complexes catalyze the novel oxidation–reductive coupling of benzylic and allylic alcohols.
Novel ruthenium and iridium complexes of N-substituted carbazole as triplet photosensitisers
Authors: Wang Junsi , Lu Yue , McCarthy William , Conway-Kenny Robert , Twamley Brendan , Zhao Jianzhang , Draper Sylvia M.
Published: December 2017

This article details the improvements in the photosensitising ability of bimetallic N-carbazole complexes when compared to their mononuclear counterparts.
Edge controlled growth of hexagonal boron nitride crystals on copper foil by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Sharma Kamal Prasad , Sharma Subash , Khaniya Sharma Aliza , Paudel Jaisi Balaram , Kalita Golap , Tanemura Masaki
Published: December 2017

We report on a precursor supply technique controlled h-BN crystal growth over the catalytic activity of Cu by APCVD.
Conformational analysis of a supramolecular synthon: a case study of 8-hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Fedyanin Ivan V. , Karnoukhova Valentina A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A.
Published: December 2017

Conformational analysis of a supramolecular synthon in polymorphic modifications of 8-hydroxyquinoline.
Hollow crystal generation through polymorphic transformation – a case study of flufenamic acid
Authors: Bhargavi Nallamothu , Chavan Rahul B. , Shastri Nalini R.
Published: December 2017

Identification of mechanism behind hollow crystal forming ability of drugs.
Testing the limits of halogen bonding in coordination chemistry
Authors: Borovina Mladen , Kodrin Ivan , Đaković Marijana
Published: December 2017

To test the limit of halogen bonds fine-tuning of electron density was performedviaintroduction of heteroatoms and metal cations.
Ab initio calculations of heavy-actinide hexahalide compounds: do these heavy actinides behave like their isoelectronic lanthanide analogues?
Authors: Celis-Barros Cristian , Páez-Hernández Dayán , Beltrán-Leiva María J. , Arratia-Perez Ramiro
Published: December 2017

Do heavy actinides behave like their isoelectronic lanthanide analogues?
Effects of different substituents of methyl 5-R-salicylates on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer process
Authors: Li Yongqing , Ma Yanzhen , Yang Yunfan , Shi Wei , Lan Ruifang , Guo Qiang
Published: December 2017

The proton transfer reaction in methyl 5-R-salicylate is found to be highly sensitive to the presence of specific substituents in resonance with the hydroxyl group, leading to different fluorescence behaviors of methyl 5-R-salicylate with different substituents.
Using a novel rigid-fluoride polymer to control the interfacial thickness of graphene and tailor the dielectric behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene–chlorotrifluoroethylene) nanocomposites
Authors: Han Xianghui , Chen Sheng , Lv Xuguang , Luo Hang , Zhang Dou , Bowen Chris R.
Published: December 2017

A rigid liquid crystalline fluoride-polymer has been chosen to tailor the shell thickness of rGO to investigate the effect of interfacial thickness on the dielectric behavior of polymer conductive nanocomposites.
Energy level diagram of HC(NH2)2PbI3 single crystal evaluated by electrical and optical analyses
Authors: Sekimoto Takeyuki , Suzuka Michio , Yokoyama Tomoyasu , Uchida Ryusuke , Machida Shin’ichi , Sekiguchi Takashi , Kawano Kenji
Published: December 2017

Energy level diagram of the HC(NH2)2PbI3 single crystal evaluated in this study.
Gold plasmon-induced photocatalytic dehydrogenative coupling of methane to ethane on polar oxide surfaces
Authors: Meng Lingshu , Chen Zhenye , Ma Zhiyun , He Sha , Hou Yidong , Li Hao-Hong , Yuan Rusheng , Huang Xi-He , Wang Xuxu , Wang Xinchen , Long Jinlin
Published: December 2017

Au-Plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer modulates the charge carrier energetics of ZnO nanosheets to trigger the stoichiometric conversion of methane into ethane and hydrogen.
Iodine soil dynamics and methods of measurement: a review
Authors: Humphrey O. S. , Young S. D. , Bailey E. H. , Crout N. M. J. , Ander E. L. , Watts M. J.
Published: December 2017

This review assesses analytical techniques used to determine the concentration of iodine in soils to better understand iodine geodynamics.
Targeting cleanups towards a more sustainable future
Authors: O'Connor David , Hou Deyi
Published: December 2017

Here we explore how setting different cleanup standards may influence some of the environmental, social, and economic side-effects of remediation.
Formation of shelf stable Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPE) through the inclusion of whey protein microgels
Authors: Zamani Somayeh , Malchione Nicholas , Selig Michael J. , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: December 2017

High internal phase emulsions (HIPE) prepared using whey protein microgels (WPMs) as a surfactant were demonstrated to have substantially higher stability than HIPEs prepared using similar loadings of non-gelled whey protein isolate (WPI) or Tween 20.
The synergic effects at the molecular level in CoS2 for selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes
Authors: Wei Zhongzhe , Mao Shanjun , Sun Fanfei , Wang Jing , Mei Bingbao , Chen Yiqing , Li Haoran , Wang Yong
Published: December 2017

The face to face located terdentate and tetrahedral coordinated Co atoms in CoS2/PC form a “synergic active site pair”, showing superior activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes.
Closing the gap for efficient immobilization of biocatalysts in continuous processes: HaloTag™ fusion enzymes for a continuous enzymatic cascade towards a vicinal chiral diol
Authors: Döbber J. , Gerlach T. , Offermann H. , Rother D. , Pohl M.
Published: December 2017

Compartmentalization of biocatalysts is an effective tool to integrate biocatalytic steps in continuous (chemo)enzymatic cascades.
Naked Au nanoparticles monodispersed onto multifunctional cellulose nanocrystal–graphene hybrid sheets: towards efficient and sustainable heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Wang Yameng , Zhang Huinian , Lin Xiangjun , Chen Shuai , Jiang Zhongjie , Wang Junzhong , Huang Jianlin , Zhang Fang , Li Hexing
Published: December 2017

A synthesis method has been developed for deposition of ∼3 nm monodisperse gold nanoparticles onto cellulose nanocrystal–graphene hybrid sheets.
Morphology control of BaCO3 by template and polymer–inorganic precursor
Authors: Zhang Yong , Xie Beibei , Zhang Renjie
Published: December 2017

BaCO3 nanorods are prepared in pore channels modified with polyelectrolyte layers, combining with polymer–inorganic precursor to regulate crystallization process.
Highly reversible and fast sodium storage boosted by improved interfacial and surface charge transfer derived from the synergistic effect of heterostructures and pseudocapacitance in SnO2-based anodes
Authors: Li Xin , Sun Xiaohong , Gao Zhiwen , Hu Xudong , Ling Rui , Cai Shu , Zheng Chunming , Hu Wenbin
Published: December 2017

Excellent sodium storage performance was obtained by introducing the synergistic effect of heterostructures and pseudocapacitance.
Spinel Co3O4 nanomaterials for efficient and stable large area carbon-based printed perovskite solar cells
Authors: Bashir Amna , Shukla Sudhanshu , Lew Jia Haur , Shukla Shashwat , Bruno Annalisa , Gupta Disha , Baikie Tom , Patidar Rahul , Akhter Zareen , Priyadarshi Anish , Mathews Nripan , Mhaisalkar Subodh G.
Published: December 2017

Performance of scalable carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is enhanced using a thin interlayer of spinel cobaltite oxide by suppressing charge recombination and enhancing holes extraction.
Single coating of zinc ferrite renders magnetic nanomotors therapeutic and stable against agglomeration
Authors: Venugopalan Pooyath Lekshmy , Jain Shilpee , Shivashankar Srinivasrao , Ghosh Ambarish
Published: December 2017

The integration of zinc ferrite coatings on helical magnetic nanomotors provides long-term stability against agglomeration and therapeutic magnetic hyperthermia potential.
Facile fabrication and characterization of two-dimensional bismuth(iii) sulfide nanosheets for high-performance photodetector applications under ambient conditions
Authors: Huang Weichun , Xing Chenyang , Wang Yunzheng , Li Zhongjun , Wu Leiming , Ma Dingtao , Dai Xiaoyu , Xiang Yuanjiang , Li Jianqing , Fan Dianyuan , Zhang Han
Published: December 2017

Bismuth(iii) sulfide nanosheets-based photodetectors possess excellent photoresponse activity and stability in KOH solutions.
Isotropic ordering of ions in ionic liquids on the sub-nanometer scale
Authors: Chen Hailong , Chen Xin , Deng Jingwen , Zheng Junrong
Published: December 2017

This article investigates structures of ionic liquids.
Engineering an N-doped TiO2@N-doped C butterfly-like nanostructure with long-lived photo-generated carriers for efficient photocatalytic selective amine oxidation
Authors: Wang Fan , He Xiaoxiao , Sun Liming , Chen Jinquan , Wang Xiaojun , Xu Jianhua , Han Xiguang
Published: December 2017

N-doped porous carbon incorporating N-doped TiO2with a butterfly-like structure has been synthesized by using a Ti-based metal–organic framework as a hard template. The nanocomposites exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis of STW zeolites using imidazolium-based dications of varying length
Authors: Lu Peng , Gómez-Hortigüela Luis , Xu Lei , Camblor Miguel A.
Published: December 2017

Experimental synthesis of STW zeolites using imidazolium-based dications and theoretical simulation of suitable SDAs to produce homochiral STW zeolites.
Interface thickness optimization of lead-free oxide multilayer capacitors for high-performance energy storage
Authors: Sun Zixiong , Wang Linxi , Liu Ming , Ma Chunrui , Liang Zhongshuai , Fan Qiaolan , Lu Lu , Lou Xiaojie , Wang Hong , Jia Chun-Lin
Published: December 2017

BCT/BZT multilayer with excellent energy storage performances with optimistic thermal stability has been fabricated using RF-sputtering system. Not only huge energy storage density of 51.8 J cm−3 with great efficiency of 81.2% at room temperature has been obtained, but also an optimistic thermal stability from RT to 200 °C has been investigated.
Antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal drug identification
Authors: Croft Simon L. , Chatelain Eric , Barrett Michael P.
Published: December 2017

Although the treatments for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leishmaniasis and Chagas disease (CD) still rely on drugs developed several decades ago, there has been significant progress in the identification, development and use of novel drugs and formulations. Notably, there are now two drugs in clinical trial for HAT, fexinidazole and acoziborole; the liposomal amphotericin B formulation AmBisome has become an essential tool for both treatment and control of visceral leishmaniasis; and antifungal triazoles, posoconazole and ravuconazole, together with fexinidazole, have reached clinical trials for CD. Several other novel and diverse candidates are moving through the pipeline; sustained funding for their clinical development will now be the key to bring new safe, oral, shorter-course treatments to the clinic.
How to create coats for all seasons: elucidating antigenic variation in African trypanosomes
Authors: Ooi Cher-Pheng , Rudenko Gloria
Published: December 2017

Extracellular parasites of the mammalian bloodstream face considerable challenges including incessant assault by the immune system. African trypanosomes are consummate survivors in this inclement environment and are renowned for their supremely sophisticated strategy of antigenic variation of their protective surface coat during the course of chronic infections. Recent developments are making us realize how complex this antigenic machinery is and are allowing us to tackle previously intractable problems. However, many of the simplest (and arguably the most important) questions still remain unanswered!
Insights into the molecular basis of host behaviour manipulation by Toxoplasma gondii infection
Authors: Hammoudi Pierre-Mehdi , Soldati-Favre Dominique
Published: December 2017

Typically illustrating the ‘manipulation hypothesis’, Toxoplasma gondii is widely known to trigger sustainable behavioural changes during chronic infection of intermediate hosts to enhance transmission to its feline definitive hosts, ensuring survival and dissemination. During the chronic stage of infection in rodents, a variety of neurological dysfunctions have been unravelled and correlated with the loss of cat fear, among other phenotypic impacts. However, the underlying neurological alteration(s) driving these behavioural modifications is only partially understood, which makes it difficult to draw more than a correlation between T. gondii infection and changes in brain homeostasis. Moreover, it is barely known which among the brain regions governing fear and stress responses are preferentially affected during T. gondii infection. Studies aiming at an in-depth dissection of underlying molecular mechanisms occurring at the host and parasite levels will be discussed in this review. Addressing this reminiscent topic in the light of recent technical progress and new discoveries regarding fear response, olfaction and neuromodulator mechanisms could contribute to a better understanding of this complex host–parasite interaction.
The role of membrane transporters in Leishmania virulence
Authors: Akpunarlieva Snezhana , Burchmore Richard
Published: December 2017

Leishmania are parasitic protozoa which infect humans and cause severe morbidity and mortality. Leishmania parasitise as extracellular promastigotes in the insect vector and as intracellular amastigotes in the mammalian host. Cycling between hosts involves implementation of stringent and co-ordinated responses to shifting environmental conditions. One of the key dynamic aspects of Leishmania biology is substrate acquisition and metabolism. Genomic analyses have revealed that Leishmania encode many putative membrane transporters, many of which are differentially expressed during the parasite life cycle. Only a small fraction of these transporters, however, have been functionally characterised. Currently, most information is available about nutrient transporters, mainly involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, nucleobase and nucleoside, cofactor, and ion acquisition. Several have apparent roles in Leishmania virulence and will be discussed in this perspective.
A non-local mixing-length theory able to compute core overshooting
Authors: Gabriel M. , Belkacem K.
Published: December 2017

Turbulent convection is certainly one of the most important and thorny issues in stellar physics. Our deficient knowledge of this crucial physical process introduces a fairly large uncertainty concerning the internal structure and evolution of stars. A striking example is overshoot at the edge of convective cores. Indeed, nearly all stellar evolutionary codes treat the overshooting zones in a very approximative way that considers both its extent and the profile of the temperature gradient as free parameters. There are only a few sophisticated theories of stellar convection such as Reynolds stress approaches, but they also require the adjustment of a non-negligible number of free parameters. We present here a theory, based on the plume theory as well as on the mean-field equations, but without relying on the usual Taylor’s closure hypothesis. It leads us to a set of eight differential equations plus a few algebraic ones. Our theory is essentially a non-mixing length theory. It enables us to compute the temperature gradient in a shrinking convective core and its overshooting zone. The case of an expanding convective core is also discussed, though more briefly. Numerical simulations have quickly improved during recent years and enabling us to foresee that they will probably soon provide a model of convection adapted to the computation of 1D stellar models.
Diffuse γ-ray emission
in the vicinity of young star cluster Westerlund 2
Authors: Yang Rui-zhi , de Oña Wilhelmi Emma , Aharonian Felix
Published: December 2017

We report the results of our analysis of the publicly available data obtained by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi satellite towards the direction of the young massive star cluster Westerlund 2. We found significant extended γ-ray emission in the vicinity of Westerlund 2 with a hard power-law energy spectrum extending from 1 to 250 GeV with a photon index of 2.0 ± 0.1. We argue that amongst several alternatives, the luminous stars in Westerlund 2 are likely sites of acceleration of particles responsible for the diffuse γ-ray emission of the surrounding interstellar medium. In particular, the young star cluster Westerlund 2 can provide sufficient non-thermal energy to account for the γ-ray emission. In this scenario, since the γ-ray production region is significantly larger than the area occupied by the star cluster, we conclude that the γ-ray production is caused by hadronic interactions of accelerated protons and nuclei with the ambient gas. In that case, the total energy budget in relativistic particles is estimated of the order of 1050 erg.
Produire des connaissances pour et sur la transformation des systèmes agricoles. Retours sur une école-chercheurs interdisciplinaire
Authors: Girard Nathalie , Goulet Frédéric , Jankowski Frédérique , Fiorelli Cécile , Fortun-Lamothe Laurence , Martin Pierre , Prost Lorène , Vertès Françoise
Published: December 2017

Les modes de production des connaissances scientifiques dans le domaine agricole sont questionnés par l'écologisation des pratiques ou l'essor des sciences participatives. Les pratiques de recherche, tant en sciences biotechniques qu'en sciences humaines, et leur relation aux connaissances autres que scientifiques, en ressortent interpellées. Comment articuler ces différents types de connaissances dans l'activité scientifique ? Quelles interactions avec nos propres connaissances de chercheurs ? Comment accéder aux connaissances des agriculteurs, et qu'en faire ? Que faire dans des situations où les connaissances deviennent source de tension ? Cet article rend compte des réflexions qui ont émergé lors de la conception et de l'animation de l'école-chercheurs organisée par l'Inra et le Cirad en juin 2016. Son objectif était d'outiller les participants pour analyser et agir avec réflexivité dans ces situations. Nous analysons les étapes de sa conception et les échanges interdisciplinaires qu'elle a nécessités dans l'équipe organisatrice, les cadrages et modalités pédagogiques choisis, et enfin leurs impacts sur le déroulement de l'école.
Cobalt-Mediated [2+2+2] Cycloadditions of Alkynes to Benzo­-[b]furans and Benzo[b]thiophenes: A Potential Route toward Morphanoids
Authors: Vollhardt K. , Aechtner Tobias , Barry David , David Ellen , Ghellamallah Cédric , Harvey Daniel , de la Houpliere Alix , Knopp Monika , Malaska Michael , Pérez Dolores , Schärer Kaspar , Siesel Brian , Zitterbart Robert
Published: December 2017

Exploratory studies of the CpCo-mediated [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkynes to the 2,3-double bond of benzo[b]furans (and some benzo[b]thiophenes) are presented, with the general aim to access morphinan substructures. The basic feasibility of constructing Co-complexed tetrahydrophenanthro[4,5-bcd]furans (and -thiophenes) in moderate to good yields is demonstrated, with complete to extensive diastereoselectivity. Limitations are the apparent necessity for bulky (silylated) monoalkynes, the lack of regioselectivity in the cocyclization with unsymmetrical alkynes, and the sensitivity of the ligands, both complexed and uncomplexed, with respect to ring opening and rearrangement.
The Dibenzosuberenone Scaffold as a Privileged Substructure: From Synthesis to Application
Authors: Dastan Arif , Saracoglu Nurullah , Kilic Haydar
Published: December 2017

Numerous studies on dibenzosuberenones, especially on 5-dibenzosuberenones, have emerged in recent years. This review focuses on the chemistry of dibenzosuberenones, including their synthesis and applications, which are currently used as tools by the synthetic and biological communities.

1 Introduction

2 5-Dibenzosuberenone (5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-one)

2.1 Synthesis of 5-Dibenzosuberenone

2.2 Reactions of 5-Dibenzosuberenone

3 5H-Dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-5-one

3.1 Synthesis of 5H-Dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-5-one

3.2 Reactions of 5H-Dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-5-one

4 6H-Dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-6-one and 10H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-10-one

4.1 Generation and Trapping of 6H-Dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-6-one and 10H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-10-one

5 Dibenzocycloheptenediones

5.1 Synthesis of Dibenzocycloheptenediones

5.2 Reactions of Dibenzocycloheptenediones

6 Conclusion
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Gong Liu-Zhu , Wang Pu-Sheng , Shen Meng-Lan
Published: December 2017

The asymmetric allylation of carbonyl compounds is an important process for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds, generating optically active homoallylic alcohols that are versatile building blocks with widespread applications in organic synthesis. The use of readily available unsaturated hydrocarbons as allylating reagents in the transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric allylation has received increasing interest as either a step- or an atom-economy alternative. This review summarizes transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective allylations on the basis of the ‘indirect’ and ‘direct’ use of simple unsaturated hydrocarbons (include dienes, allenes, alkynes, and alkenes) as allylating reagents, with emphasis on highlighting conceptually novel reactions.

1 Introduction

2 ‘Indirect’ Use of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons in Asymmetric Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds

2.1 Enantioselective Allylation with 1,3-Dienes

2.2 Enantioselective Allylation with Allenes

2.3 Enantioselective Allylation with Alkenes

3 ‘Direct’ Use of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons in Asymmetric Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds

3.1 Enantioselective Allylation with 1,3-Dienes

3.2 Enantioselective Allylation with Allenes

3.3 Enantioselective Allylation with Alkynes

3.4 Enantioselective Allylation with Alkenes

4 Conclusions
Diastereoselective Synthesis and Diversification of Highly Functionalized Cyclopentanones
Authors: Baumann Marcus , Baxendale Ian
Published: December 2017

An efficient entry into highly substituted cyclopentanones is presented based on functionalizing cyclopentenones by means of an aza-Michael reaction with different aniline nucleophiles. The excellent diastereoselectivity of this process is ascribed to H-bonding between a tertiary alcohol and the incoming nucleophiles. Additionally, the functionalization of the parent cyclopentenones via the Baylis–Hillman reaction is demonstrated. Together, these transformations showcase the elaboration of a simple precursor by installation of versatile functionalities at either the α- or β-position of the embedded enone and thus represent valuable methods for the construction of diversely functionalized cyclopentanones.
Entwicklungen des Krankenhausmarktes - Vertrauen statt Misstrauen
Authors: Bornemeier Olaf
Published: December 2017

Folgt man dem Diskurs der letzten Jahre über die deutsche Krankenhauslandschaft, muss man den Eindruck gewinnen, bei Eigentümern und Management von Krankenhäusern handelt es sich um kriminelle Vereinigungen mit dem Ziel der Schädigung von Patienten und Partnern der Selbstverwaltung.
Toilettensturz mit Folgen
Authors: Häser Isabel
Published: December 2017

Ein Pfleger lässt einen sturzgefährdeten Patienten im Toilettenraum eines Krankenhauses allein. Es kommt zum Unfall, bei dem der Patient verletzt wird. Muss der Klinikträger für Pflichtverletzungen von Pflegekräften bei Sicherung und Überwachung von Patienten haften? Ja, sagt das Oberlandesgericht (OLG) Koblenz.
BMC-Kongress 2018 - Managed Care im digitalen Zeitalter
Authors: Ex Patricia , von Falkenhausen Amelie
Published: December 2017

Der digitale Wandel reicht mittlerweile in alle Lebensbereiche – im Gesundheitswesen treten wir aber weiterhin auf der Stelle. Grund genug für den Bundesverband Managed Care, die Akteure des Gesundheitswesens beim 8. Jahreskongress zusammenzubringen und bestehende Strukturen aufzubrechen.
Terroranschläge - Ärzte trainieren den Ernstfall
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: December 2017

Kliniken und Rettungsdienste sind auf Terrorattacken noch immer schlecht vorbereitet. Eine Initiative der Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) versucht seit 2016, Kliniken besser vorzubereiten und die Vorsorgung der Opfer zu verbessern. Inzwischen bildet die DGU gezielt Ärzte für Terroreinsätze fort. Auf dem Gesundheitskongress des Westens berichtet DGU-Vorstand Prof. Bertil Bouillon über die Fortschritte.
Reformstau - Von der Stippvisite bis zur Langzeittherapie
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: December 2017

Ihre Untersuchungsinstrumente sind Excel-Tabellen, ihre Rezeptblöcke Powerpoint-Präsentationen. Die Ärzte des Wirtschaftssystems werden meistens bei Reformstau oder Standortängsten zu Hilfe gerufen.
Alles im grünen Bereich - Das ökologische Tanzbein schwingen
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: December 2017

Umweltschutz sei wie Tangotanzen, erklärt der Umweltbeauftragte Arzt der Essener Krankenhäuser, Horst Pomp: Zwei Schritte vor, einen zurück. Die FKT-Veranstaltung „Alles im grünen Bereich – Technik macht Gesundheitsökologie“ war demnach ein Tanzkurs mit dem erklärten Ziel, im Krankenhaus wieder eine flottere Sohle aufs ökologische Parkett zu legen.
37. Tagung „Technik im Krankenhaus“ - Gibt es eine Revolution in der Krankenhaustechnik?
Authors: Brüning Cord , Fouckhardt-Bradt Birgit
Published: December 2017

Knapp 100 Teilnehmer aus Krankenhaus und Industrie folgten den hochkarätigen Referenten und führten angeregte Diskussionen zur rasanten Weiterentwicklung in Medizintechnik und Energiemanagement. Eines wurde deutlich: Krankenhaus- und Medizintechnik werden durch die Digitalisierung vielfältige revolutionäre Umbrüche erleben.
Baustelle Digitalisierung - „Deutschland braucht eine richtige E-Health-Strategie“
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: December 2017

In Sachen Digitalisierung kommt Deutschlands Gesundheitswesen noch immer nicht so recht voran. Mangelnde Interoperabilität ist ein ganz großer Hemmschuh. Warum es jetzt schnell einen kompletten Paradigmenwechsel geben muss, erklärt die SITiG-Vorsitzende Sylvia Thun im Interview.
Spracherkennung - Versteht sich von selbst
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: December 2017

Dokumentation ist alles. Durch den Einsatz moderner Spracherkennung sparen Krankenhäuser dabei nicht nur wertvolle Zeit, sondern verbessern auch die Qualität der erfassten Informationen.
Ethical Issues in the Neurology of Pregnancy
Authors: Cochrane Thomas
Published: December 2017

Decision making for pregnant women and fetuses who suffer brain injuries is emotionally difficult and conceptually challenging. Occasionally, both the pregnant woman and the fetus have suffered an injury that confers a poor neurological prognosis, and decisions about one of them will have implications for the other—making the process of decision making even more problematic. In this article, decision-making standards and principles are reviewed for both pregnant women and fetuses, using a real case from the author's institution. Practical suggestions are made regarding deliberative processes and consultative models that can help with these difficult cases.
Reproductive Issues in MS
Authors: Kaplan Tamara , Houtchens Maria
Published: December 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, predominantly affecting women of childbearing age. Therefore, issues of conception, pregnancy, and delivery are of significant importance to patients and treating physicians. We discuss immunologic and clinical effects of pregnancy on the course of MS including both immunosuppression on a local level and a heightened state of immunocompetence on a global level. Clinical outcomes of the Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis trials are reported. We analyze and update the available data on safety and efficacy of immunomodulating MS treatments and symptomatic treatments for pregnant and lactating women, and address specific issues of MS management at the time of pregnancy. We review the data related to estrogen-based MS therapies currently or previously in trials. Pregnancy does not appear to be associated with adverse outcomes in MS patients. Some evidence suggests possible beneficial effects, although clear prospective data of sufficient length and quality are limited. Long-term relapse rates or disability progression do not seem to be affected by pregnancy in MS patients. The use of immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agents in pregnancy is not routinely advisable but could be considered under special circumstances.
Pulmonale Immunität bei Tuberkulose
Authors: Herzmann C. , Dallenga T. , Kalinke U.
Published: December 2017

Tuberkulose wird durch Inhalation von bakterienhaltigen Aerosolen übertragen und 75 % der Erkrankungen betreffen die Lunge. Die Immunprozesse zwischen Exposition und Krankheitsentwicklung sind großenteils auf die Lunge beschränkt und nur teilweise entschlüsselt. Der Erreger wird in den meisten Fällen vermutlich durch Zellen des angeborenen Immunsystems kontrolliert oder eradiziert, ohne dass dies mit Standardmethoden in vivo nachgewiesen werden kann. Die anschließende adaptive Immunantwort wird wesentlich von CD4+- und CD8+-T-Lymphozyten vermittelt, während die humorale Immunität nur eine untergeordnete Bedeutung hat. Der Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über den aktuellen Wissensstand der intrapulmonalen Mechanismen, die im Verlauf von Exposition, latenter Infektion, aktiver Erkrankung und Therapie beobachtet werden.
Electrical properties of in-plane-implanted graphite nanoribbons
Authors: Camargo B. C. , de Jesus R. F. , Semenenko B. V. , Precker C. E.
Published: December 2017

We studied the effect of low energy (30 keV) ionic implantation of Ga+ in the direction parallel to the graphene planes (perpendicular to the c-axis) in oriented graphite ribbons with widths around 500 nm. Our experiments have reproducibly shown a reduction of electrical resistance upon implantation consistent with the occurrence of ionic channeling in our devices. Our results allow for new approaches in the modulation of the charge carrier concentration in mesoscopic graphite.
Broadband acoustic focusing by cavity structures with phase manipulations
Authors: Qian Jiao , Xia Jian-ping , Sun Hong-xiang , Yuan Shou-qi , Ge Yong , Yu Xiao-zhu
Published: December 2017

We numerically and experimentally realize broadband acoustic focusing lenses by employing units of phase manipulation composed of different numbers of cavity structures immersed in air, which is different from other units of phase manipulation by adjusting the structural parameters. The phase delays of transmitted units could cover a whole 2π range by using six cavity structures. Based on these units, we design a transmitted acoustic lens with different focal lengths, and the working bandwidth could reach about 2.1 kHz. Besides, the influence of air attenuation on the focusing performance and of the inclined angles of the channels in the cavity structure on the phase delays are discussed in detail. Moreover, we realize a transmitted acoustic lens with two types of units, a reflected acoustic lens and a three-dimensional transmitted acoustic lens. Compared with other acoustic lenses, the proposed acoustic lenses have the advantages of broad bandwidths, high focusing performance, easy fabrication, and high robustness, which have great potential applications in airborne acoustic focusing devices.
Oscillatory wake potential with exchange-correlation in plasmas
Authors: Khan Arroj A. , Zeba I. , Jamil M. , Asif M.
Published: December 2017

The oscillatory wake potential of a moving test charge is studied in quantum dusty plasmas. The plasma system consisting of electrons, ions and negatively charged dust species is embedded in an ambient magnetic field. The modified equation of dispersion is derived using a Quantum Hydrodynamic Model for magnetized plasmas. The quantum effects are inculcated through Fermi degenerate pressure, the tunneling effect and exchange-correlation effects. The study of oscillatory wake is important to know the existence of silence zones in space and astrophysical objects as well as for crystal formation. The graphical description of the potential depicts the significance of the exchange and correlation effects arising through spin and other variables on the wake potential.
From classical to quantum and back: Hamiltonian adaptive resolution path integral, ring polymer, and centroid molecular dynamics
Authors: Kreis Karsten , Kremer Kurt , Potestio Raffaello , Tuckerman Mark E.
Published: December 2017

Path integral-based methodologies play a crucial role for the investigation of nuclear quantum effects by means of computer simulations. However, these techniques are significantly more demanding than corresponding classical simulations. To reduce this numerical effort, we recently proposed a method, based on a rigorous Hamiltonian formulation, which restricts the quantum modeling to a small but relevant spatial region within a larger reservoir where particles are treated classically. In this work, we extend this idea and show how it can be implemented along with state-of-the-art path integral simulation techniques, including path-integral molecular dynamics, which allows for the calculation of quantum statistical properties, and ring-polymer and centroid molecular dynamics, which allow the calculation of approximate quantum dynamical properties. To this end, we derive a new integration algorithm that also makes use of multiple time-stepping. The scheme is validated via adaptive classical–path-integral simulations of liquid water. Potential applications of the proposed multiresolution method are diverse and include efficient quantum simulations of interfaces as well as complex biomolecular systems such as membranes and proteins.
Ions shear flow and electron field-aligned current produce ion acoustic waves in the oxygen-hydrogen ionospheric plasma
Authors: Saleem Hamid , Ali Shan Shaukat , Rehman Aman-ur
Published: December 2017

It is pointed out that the ion acoustic waves (IAWs) are excited either by field-aligned shear flows or electron parallel current in oxygen-hydrogen (O-H) plasma of upper ionosphere. The purely growing D'Angelo instability becomes ion acoustic wave instability in the presence of second kind of ions within the framework of multi-fluid plasma model. On the other hand, kinetic theory is used to show that the growth rate of current driven ion acoustic wave overcomes the ion Landau damping. Out of four real roots corresponding to negative shear flow, the two roots can become unstable. Thus, ion acoustic waves at different but very low real frequencies appear in O-H plasma of ionosphere due to parallel shear flow and current, which is in agreement with satellite observations.
Modeling information diffusion in time-varying community networks
Authors: Cui Xuelian , Zhao Narisa
Published: December 2017

Social networks are rarely static, and they typically have time-varying network topologies. A great number of studies have modeled temporal networks and explored social contagion processes within these models; however, few of these studies have considered community structure variations. In this paper, we present a study of how the time-varying property of a modular structure influences the information dissemination. First, we propose a continuous-time Markov model of information diffusion where two parameters, mobility rate and community attractiveness, are introduced to address the time-varying nature of the community structure. The basic reproduction number is derived, and the accuracy of this model is evaluated by comparing the simulation and theoretical results. Furthermore, numerical results illustrate that generally both the mobility rate and community attractiveness significantly promote the information diffusion process, especially in the initial outbreak stage. Moreover, the strength of this promotion effect is much stronger when the modularity is higher. Counterintuitively, it is found that when all communities have the same attractiveness, social mobility no longer accelerates the diffusion process. In addition, we show that the local spreading in the advantage group has been greatly enhanced due to the agglomeration effect caused by the social mobility and community attractiveness difference, which thus increases the global spreading.
Near-surface electron acceleration during intense laser–solid interaction in the grazing incidence regime
Authors: Serebryakov D. A. , Nerush E. N. , Kostyukov I. Yu.
Published: December 2017

When a relativistically intense p-polarized laser pulse is grazingly incident onto a planar solid-state target, a slightly superluminal field structure is formed near the target surface due to the incident and reflected waves superposition. This field structure can both extract the electrons from the target and accelerate them. It is theoretically shown that the acceleration is possible and stable for a wide range of electron initial conditions. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm that this mechanism can actually take place for realistic parameters. As a result, the electron bunches with a charge of tens of nC and GeV-level energy can be produced using a laser intensity 1021–1022 W/cm2. It is also shown that the presence of a preplasma can improve acceleration, which becomes possible because of more efficient electron injection into the accelerating field structure.
Linear gyrokinetic investigation of the geodesic acoustic modes in realistic tokamak configurations
Authors: Novikau I. , Biancalani A. , Bottino A. , Conway G. D. , Gürcan Ö. D. , Manz P. , Morel P. , Poli E. , Di Siena A. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: December 2017

In order to provide scaling formulae for the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) frequency and damping rate, GAMs are studied by means of the gyrokinetic global particle-in-cell code ORB5. Linear electromagnetic simulations in the low-βe limit have been performed in order to separate acoustic and Alfvénic time scales and obtain more accurate measurements. The dependence of the frequency and damping rate on several parameters such as the safety factor, the GAM radial wavenumber, and the plasma elongation is studied. All simulations have been performed with kinetic electrons with a realistic electron/ion mass ratio. Interpolating formulae for the GAM frequency and damping rate, based on the results of the gyrokinetic simulations, have been derived. Using these expressions, the influence of the temperature gradient on the damping rate is also investigated. Finally, the results are applied to the study of a real discharge of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak.
Large scale Brownian dynamics of confined suspensions of rigid particles
Authors: Sprinkle Brennan , Balboa Usabiaga Florencio , Patankar Neelesh A. , Donev Aleksandar
Published: December 2017

We introduce methods for large-scale Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulation of many rigid particles of arbitrary shape suspended in a fluctuating fluid. Our method adds Brownian motion to the rigid multiblob method [F. Balboa Usabiaga et al., Commun. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. 11(2), 217–296 (2016)] at a cost comparable to the cost of deterministic simulations. We demonstrate that we can efficiently generate deterministic and random displacements for many particles using preconditioned Krylov iterative methods, if kernel methods to efficiently compute the action of the Rotne-Prager-Yamakawa (RPY) mobility matrix and its “square” root are available for the given boundary conditions. These kernel operations can be computed with near linear scaling for periodic domains using the positively split Ewald method. Here we study particles partially confined by gravity above a no-slip bottom wall using a graphical processing unit implementation of the mobility matrix-vector product, combined with a preconditioned Lanczos iteration for generating Brownian displacements. We address a major challenge in large-scale BD simulations, capturing the stochastic drift term that arises because of the configuration-dependent mobility. Unlike the widely used Fixman midpoint scheme, our methods utilize random finite differences and do not require the solution of resistance problems or the computation of the action of the inverse square root of the RPY mobility matrix. We construct two temporal schemes which are viable for large-scale simulations, an Euler-Maruyama traction scheme and a trapezoidal slip scheme, which minimize the number of mobility problems to be solved per time step while capturing the required stochastic drift terms. We validate and compare these schemes numerically by modeling suspensions of boomerang-shaped particles sedimented near a bottom wall. Using the trapezoidal scheme, we investigate the steady-state active motion in dense suspensions of confined microrollers, whose height above the wall is set by a combination of thermal noise and active flows. We find the existence of two populations of active particles, slower ones closer to the bottom and faster ones above them, and demonstrate that our method provides quantitative accuracy even with relatively coarse resolutions of the particle geometry.
The collective and quantum nature of proton transfer in the cyclic water tetramer on NaCl(001)
Authors: Feng Yexin , Wang Zhichang , Guo Jing , Chen Ji , Wang En-Ge , Jiang Ying , Li Xin-Zheng
Published: December 2017

Proton tunneling is an elementary process in the dynamics of hydrogen-bonded systems. Collective tunneling is known to exist for a long time. Atomistic investigations of this mechanism in realistic systems, however, are scarce. Using a combination of ab initio theoretical and high-resolution experimental methods, we investigate the role played by the protons on the chirality switching of a water tetramer on NaCl(001). Our scanning tunneling spectroscopies show that partial deuteration of the H2O tetramer with only one D2O leads to a significant suppression of the chirality switching rate at a cryogenic temperature (T), indicating that the chirality switches by tunneling in a concerted manner. Theoretical simulations, in the meantime, support this picture by presenting a much smaller free-energy barrier for the translational collective proton tunneling mode than other chirality switching modes at low T. During this analysis, the virial energy provides a reasonable estimator for the description of the nuclear quantum effects when a traditional thermodynamic integration method cannot be used, which could be employed in future studies of similar problems. Given the high-dimensional nature of realistic systems and the topology of the hydrogen-bonded network, collective proton tunneling may exist more ubiquitously than expected. Systems of this kind can serve as ideal platforms for studies of this mechanism, easily accessible to high-resolution experimental measurements.
Pulse stretcher with two beamsplitting elements for excimer laser pulses
Authors: Wang Qiang , Han Yanling , Liu Cunding , Li Bincheng
Published: December 2017

A pulse stretcher with two beamsplitting elements and an optical ring cavity is proposed. With a two-beamsplitting-element configuration, the temporal profile of the stretched output pulse is effectively improved, and the transient peak power is significantly reduced. By optimizing the radius of curvature of the concave mirrors used in the ring cavity, the spatial profile of the stretched pulse is kept nearly unchanged. The performance of the pulse stretcher is experimentally investigated with a 193 nm excimer laser. By optimizing the splitting ratios of the two beamsplitting elements, the pulse width is extended from 15.5 ns to 46.2 ns with a stretching ratio of 2.89; the transient peak power of the stretched pulse is reduced to 27% of that of the input laser pulse; an energy transmission efficiency of 87.8% is achieved for the proposed pulse stretcher with two beamsplitting elements.
Circular polarization of X-ray radiation emitted by longitudinally polarized electron impact excitation: Under a screened Coulomb interaction
Authors: Chen Zhan-Bin
Published: December 2017

Longitudinally polarized electron impact excitation from the ground state 1s2 to the excited state 1s2l (l =s,p) levels of highly charged He-like Fe24+ ions in weakly coupled hot-dense plasmas is investigated using a fully relativistic distorted-wave method. The Debye-Hückel potential is used to describe the plasma screening. Benchmark results such as the total cross sections, the magnetic sublevels cross sections, and the circular polarizations of corresponding X-ray radiations are presented. For the excitation process, results show that the plasma screening has an effect in reducing both the total and magnetic sublevels cross sections. For the de-excitation process, it is found that while the plasma screening as a slightly effect on the circular polarizations of radiations for the 1s2s 3S1 → 1s2 1S0,1s2p 3P2 → 1s2 1S0, and 1s2p 1P1 → 1s2 1S0 transition lines, it gives a substantial contribution for the same properties of the 1s2p 3P1 → 1s2 1S0 line.
X-ray and optical pulse interactions in GaAs
Authors: Durbin Stephen M. , Nagulu Tharun , DiChiara Anthony D.
Published: December 2017

Absorption of hard x-rays in GaAs creates excitations that can dramatically alter the propagation of optical laser pulses with photon energies near the bandgap. Measurements of optical transmission through a thin crystalline wafer of GaAs after absorption of an intense x-ray synchrotron pulse demonstrate how x-ray induced optical transparency depends on the recombination of excited conduction band electrons and valence band holes via Auger, spontaneous emission, and especially stimulated emission processes. The x-ray induced band fluorescence spectrum also reveals amplified spontaneous emission at the high x-ray fluences used, confirming the importance of stimulated emission. For laser pulses with sufficiently high fluence, the interaction of optically excited electrons with x-ray excited electrons can quench the enhanced laser transmission.